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dc.contributor.authorPierre, Darren Eric
dc.description.abstractFew studies have been conducted looking at the experiences of graduate students within student affairs/higher education administration program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coming out experiences of gay men in student affairs/higher education administration programs. The study was conducted with 11 participants, representing seven different student affairs/higher education programs across the United States. The study was intended to answer the following research questions: 1) How do gay men talk about their coming out experience when it occurs during their student affairs preparation program? 2) What environmental factors impact gay men's coming out experiences? 3) What connections do gay men make between the graduate preparation program and the coming out process? Each of the participants took part in two in-depth interviews. The first interview was a life-history interview. The second interview focused primarily on the participants coming out experience and the factors leading to that decision. The findings of this study offer greater understanding on the experiences of gay men in student affairs/higher education preparation programs. First, participants spoke of coming out being a fluid process. Meaning, disclosing one's sexual orientation is an on-going process, not always defined by words, but more often by acts, thoughts, and behaviors. Secondly, environmental factors such as the role of faculty, staff, and classmates, as well as the opportunity to attend graduate school away from home served as support structures for participants in their decision to come out. Third, the academic program contributed to participants' decision to publicly disclose their sexual orientation. Participants discussed the role of the academic curriculum, which provided them the opportunity to engage in conversations on topics germane to gay identity development. In addition activities such as self-reflective exercises allowed the men in the study to make meaning of their sexual identity. In close, three main themes were produce from the data that offer implications for practice, teaching, and future research.
dc.subjectStudent affairs preparation programs
dc.subjectcoming out
dc.subjectgay identity development
dc.subjectgraduate education
dc.titleNo place like home
dc.title.alternativethe coming out experiences of gay men in student affairs and higher education administration preparation programs
dc.description.departmentCounseling and Human Development Services
dc.description.majorCollege Student Affairs Administration
dc.description.advisorDiane L. Cooper
dc.description.committeeDiane L. Cooper
dc.description.committeeMerrily Dunn
dc.description.committeeKathleen deMarrais
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text:
When creating an API poller, your first step is selecting one of the following methods for the request.
- GET sends a request for data from a URL.
- POST creates a new record.
The method you use for an API request depends on:
- What you want to do, and
- What rights you have.
Similar to how you need different rights to perform various tasks in most applications, you need rights to use different methods against an external API and get a successful response. For example, to use a GET request to retrieve data from the SolarWinds Platform SDK, no extra rights are required other than the SolarWinds Platform account credentials included in the parent request. However, to send a POST request that creates a new record, you typically require extra rights. For example, to use a POST request that adds a node to the SolarWinds Platform database, your SolarWinds Platform account must have Node Management rights.
GET retrieves data from an API
The most common method for API requests, GET, retrieves data from a specific endpoint within an API. If the request is successful, data is returned in a response payload. Most GET requests include some form of authorization in their headers; check the API documentation for details.
Here is an example of a GET request sent to the SolarWinds Platform API, asking for the names of three polling engines from a specific database table:
When this query is packaged with the rest of the data provided on the API Poller page, including authorization and headers, the entire request looks like the following:
GET https://localhost:17778/SolarWinds/InformationService/v3/Json/Query?query=SELECT+Uri+FROM+Orion.Pollers+ORDER+BY+PollerID+WITH+ROWS+1+TO+3+WITH+TOTALROWS HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46
User-Agent: curl/7.20.0 (i386-pc-win32) libcurl/7.20.0 OpenSSL/0.9.8l zlib/1.2.3
POST sends data to an API to create or update a resource
Unlike the GET method that requests data from an external API, the POST method is used to send changes to an API endpoint. These requests typically include additional data in the message body, as opposed to GET request that may include all necessary details in the request URL.
POST requests usually require authentication by the external API. For example, you can use standard SolarWinds Platform account credentials to send GET requests that retrieve data from the SolarWinds Platform API (perhaps to retrieve a list of available nodes), but you need Node Management rights for the SolarWinds Platform to send a POST request (for example, to add a node), as defined on the Manage Accounts page.
POST requests supply additional data to the target in the message body, not the URL. Credentials, if configured for an API poller, are sent in a separate Header file.
Note the following details about API poller requests:
- Allow time for responses. The larger the data set, the longer the response time.
- Dedicated headers are required for pages that require logins.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


JoVE Chemistry
1, 1, 1
1Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University
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 A straightforward procedure for the preparation of samarium diiodide (SmI2) in THF is described. The role of two main additives namely hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and Ni(acac)2 in Sm mediated reactions is demonstrated in the Sm-Barbier reaction.
 Date Published: 2/04/2013, Issue 72; doi: 10.3791/4323
 Cite this Article
 Sadasivam, D. V., Choquette, K. A., Flowers II, R. A. Preparation and Use of Samarium Diiodide (SmI2) in Organic Synthesis: The Mechanistic Role of HMPA and Ni(II) Salts in the Samarium Barbier Reaction. J. Vis. Exp. (72), e4323, doi:10.3791/4323 (2013).
 1. Synthesis of SmI2 (0.1 M)
 1. Flame dry a 50 ml round bottomed flask and flush it with argon. Add a stir bar and cover the flask with septa. Weigh out samarium metal (0.2 g, 1.3 mmol) and add to flask, again flushing the flask with argon.
 2. Add 10 ml dry, thoroughly degassed tetrahydrofuran (THF) followed by iodine crystals (0.254 g, 2.0 mmol). Add an argon balloon through the septum; this keeps a positive pressure of Ar atmosphere on the reaction.
 3. Stir the solution vigorously at room temperature for over 3 hr. As SmI2 is generated the solution passes through a variety of color changes; orange followed by yellow (45 min), and green (1 hr) which eventually turns into blue.
 4. The final navy blue color is indication that singly ionized samarium has formed. In order to ensure full conversion, stir the solution for at least 3 hr before using SmI2 in synthesis.
 2. Samarium Barbier Reaction-hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) Addition
 1. To make the SmI2-HMPA complex, take the freshly prepared SmI2 under argon (10 ml, 0.1 M, 1.0 mmol) and add 1.75 ml of HMPA (10 equiv., 10 mmol) through a syringe, dropwise, under argon. A deep purple color forms.
 2. Separately in a clean, dry vial under argon, add iodododecane (0.45 mmol, 110 μl), 3-pentanone (0.45 mmol, 48 μl) and 2 ml of dried THF.
 3. Add the substrate solution mixture dropwise to the SmI2/HMPA complex.
 4. Within 5 min of stirring, the purple color will start to look cloudy, indicating the end of the reaction.
 5. After the reaction is complete, expose the solution to air to quench it; upon stirring the color further changes to yellow.
 6. The reaction is then worked up by washing with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. Add the solution to a separatory funnel and add diethylether (5 ml). After vigorous shaking remove the top organic layer, add more diethyl ether. Extract from the aqueous layer two more times and then combine all of the organic layers.
 7. Wash the organic layer with a saturated solution of aqueous sodium thiosulfate. Remove the bottom aqueous layer, followed by wash with water and then final wash with brine. Obtain the top organic layer and add magnesium sulfate to soak up any last amount of water present in the solution.
 8. Pass the solution through a plug of Florisil in order to remove excess HMPA.
 9. Concentrate the solution on a rotary evaporator to obtain Barbier product. The product was identified by GCMS and 1H NMR.23
 3. Samarium Barbier Reaction-Ni(acac)2 Catalyst
 1. Weigh out Ni(acac)2 (1 mol%, 0.01 mmol, 0.0026 g) and add to a clean, dry vial containing 3 ml of degassed THF, under argon. Add the Ni(acac)2 solution through a syringe to a freshly prepared solution of 0.1 M SmI2 (1.0 mmol, 10 ml).
 3. Add the substrate solution dropwise to the SmI2/Ni mixture.
 4. Within fifteen minutes of stirring, the blue color will dissipate to form a yellow-green color indicating the end of the reaction.
 5. After the reaction is complete, expose the solution to air to quench it; upon stirring the color further changes to yellow. Work up the reaction by washing with 0.1 M aq. Hydrochloric acid (3 ml). Add the solution to a separatory funnel and add diethylether (5 ml).
 6. Wash the organic layer using the protocol described previously with an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate, water and brine, and then dry over magnesium sulfate. Concentrate the solution to obtain Barbier product. The product can be identified by GCMS and 1H NMR.28
 Representative Results
 Figure 1 illustrates the samarium Barbier reaction. With no additives the Sm-mediated reaction takes 72 hr; yielding 69% of the desired product with the remaining being starting materials. With the addition of 10 or more equiv. of HMPA the reaction is nearly quantitative and complete within a few minutes.15,23 With the addition of 1 mol% Ni(acac)2, the reaction is complete within 15 min, with a 97% yield.28
 When HMPA is added to SmI2, the cosolvent displaces the coordinated THF to form SmI2-(HMPA)4. With the addition of even more HMPA (6-10 equiv.), the iodide ions are displaced to the outer sphere (Figure 2).19-21 Mechanistic studies indicate that when HMPA is used in the Sm-Barbier reaction the cosolvent also interacts with the alkyl halide substrate forming a complex which elongates the carbon-halide bond, activating the species making it more susceptible to reduction by Sm (Figure 3). Through this detailed understanding of the roles of HMPA, a mechanism for the Sm-Barbier reaction with HMPA was proposed (Figure 4).23 The alkyl halide-HMPA complex formed in a pre-equilibrium step is reduced by Sm/HMPA to form the radical in the rate determining step. The radical undergoes further reduction to form an organosamarium species which couples with the carbonyl and upon protonation yields the final product.
 In the case of Ni(II) additive, SmI2 initially reduces Ni(II) to Ni(0) preferentially over reduction of either of the substrates. Based on kinetic and mechanistic studies the following mechanism was proposed (Figure 5).28 After reduction by SmI2, the soluble Ni(0) species inserts into the alkyl halide bond forming an organonickel species. Driven by the highly oxophilic nature of Sm(III), transmetallation to form an organosamarium intermediate releases Ni(II) back into the catalytic cycle. The organosamarium then couples with the carbonyl, and upon protonation forms the desired tertiary alcohol. It was also observed that Ni(0) nanoparticles are formed through Sm-mediated reduction of Ni(II), however these particles were found to be inactive and the source of deactivation of the catalyst.
 Figure 1
 Figure 1. Samarium Barbier reaction with iodododecane and 3-pentanone.
 Figure 2
 Figure 2. SmI2-HMPA complex.
 Figure 3
 Figure 3. HMPA and alkyl iodide complex.
 Figure 4
 Figure 4. Proposed mechanism for the samarium Barbier reaction with excess HMPA.
 Figure 5
 Figure 5. Proposed mechanism for the samarium Barbier reaction containing catalytic Ni(II).
 A straightforward procedure for generating SmI2 solution and its application in organic synthesis using two of the most common additives is presented here. The two examples described portray the importance of mechanistic understanding of the reaction to fine tune the reactivity of SmI2. Knowledge of the underpinning of the reaction mechanism allows the use of this reagent to be adapted by synthetic chemists as per the requirements of their reaction.
 This single electron homogeneous reductant is easy to handle and can be purchased from commercial sources. While the above protocol is straight forward when done under inert conditions, some of the common troubleshooting procedures are: (a) make sure the THF is properly degassed and dry, (b) if Sm metal has had prolonged exposure to air it could have an oxidized outside layer, grind the metal with a mortar and pestal to expose the clean metal surface, (c) flame-dry all glassware and cool under argon, (


text:
As mentioned previously, the U.S. Census Bureau recently announced the 2010 mean centre of the United States
The center is determined as the place where an imaginary, flat, weightless and rigid map of the United States would balance perfectly if all residents were of identical weight.
Records for this place go back to 1790. The precise location changing over time, reflecting immigration and migration west and south. The Census Bureau has now released an animated (Flash) map displaying the evolution of its position, indicating which States were in the Union at the time. Check it out below:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Date: August 2007
Creator: Weaver, Jennifer L.
Description: Cindy McTee's Symphony No. 1: Ballet for Orchestra is composed primarily of pitch materials from the octatonic collections that contain both diatonic and non-diatonic relationships in the themes, harmonic content, and larger structure of the symphony. Because the octatonic collections contain the potential for both diatonic and non-diatonic relationships, the piece is argued to have octatonic structure, as the octatonic collection is capable of producing both relationships. The second chapter contains a review of the literature, focusing particularly on the work of Arthur Berger, Pieter C. van den Toorn, Richard Taruskin, and Allen Forte. Next, the octatonic structure of the symphony is shown in the thematic material. Finally, the harmonic support and large-scale structure of the piece are shown to contain octatonic relationships as well.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
Gay-rights activists are celebrating in Puerto Rico after the Senate passed a sweeping bill that bans discrimination on sexual orientation and gender identity. The Puerto Rico Senate voted on May 16, 15-11, to pass Bill 238 just days after San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz issued two executive orders banning discrimination against the city's LGBT municipal employees. Now, the bill moves on to the House and faces hurdles from a group of lawmakers in the lower chamber who have come out against it. The bill, though, has one famous supporter. Puerto Rican Ricky Martin released a statement in support of the law. "The rights of homosexual people are human rights and human rights are for everyone," Martin said in the letter released by his representative in San Juan.
For the original report go to _URL_
The Indian Caribbean Museum, described as "a national treasure, a window to the past, and an opportunity to see history come alive", has been cited by a National Geographic publication that showcases 500 of the world's most powerful and spiritual places and guides travellers who wish to visit them, as Paras Ramoutar reports in this article for twocircles.com.
"This is a fitting recognition in just seven years of our existence, especially as we celebrate the 168th Indian Arrival Day May 30," Sansbhan Jokhoo, the curator of the museum that serves as a link between indentured Indian labourers and the present, told IANS.
"The Indian Caribbean Museum has international prominence and recognition as the only one of its kind in the world. Not even India has one. And before the inauguration of the Kolkata memorial last year planners from India came to visit our facility," Jokhoo said.
The Kolkata memorial, in the city's Garden Reach area, remembers the indentured Indian labourers who left India during the 19th & early 20th centuries to work on plantations in the West Indies.
Between 1845 and 1917, approximately 148,000 Indians were brought to this country, principally from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and worked to rescue the decaying plantations following the abolition of slavery by the British government.
It is to keep alive their memory that Satnarayan Maharaj, secretary general of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha (SDMS) launched the museum, which features in "Sacred Places of a Lifetime – 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations".
The collection includes items such as rare musical instruments, agricultural objects, cooking utensils, pieces of clothing, ancient photographs and historical books. Objects of historical and aesthetic value include a sapat (wooden slipper) jata (grinding stone) boli (gourd bowl) and hassawa (grass knife). There is also a huge copper basin that was used for boiling cane syrup in the sugar factories up to the 1930s, and a dekha (a wooden contraption used for grinding cocoa, coffee beans, corn and rice).
The museum, which has become a research centre with the country's National Archives, also houses an art gallery, a reference library and a computerised genealogical database. A botanical garden is also in the making. The institution is a member of the Caribbean Museum Association, which comprises 20 institutions spread across the region.
"The Indian Caribbean Museum is a national treasure, a window to the past, and an opportunity to see history come alive. To many visitors, it evokes memories of the past, a link to the present, and a vision for the future. The museum serves as a foundation for collective memory, cultural continuity and national development," Jokhoo said.
"It provides a common experience that families can share across generations and serve as a link between revered ancestors and living people. The museum provides information on the cultural heritage of Indians in the Caribbean to themselves and to people of all ethnic backgrounds," he added.
"The Caribbean Indian Museum holds fundamental importance and relevance to the continued kinship and affinity with India, and within the entire Indian diaspora, as it has myriad symbolic, cultural, religious and transcendental interpretations and meanings for all. It remains a monument for posterity. It will remain ageless," Jokhoo said.
Since its inception, in excess of 45,000 persons from all walks of life from the four corners of the globe have visited the museum, according to Ann Marie Ramhit, an assistant.
She said that Dennison Moore, who wrote the Canadian government's policy on multiculturalism, recently donated 107 books reflecting different aspects of India and the diaspora to the library.
"This donation has augmented our educational stock for research, as well as for leisure reading," Ramhit added.
Winston Dookeran, now the Trinidad and Tobago foreign minister, had in 2006 opened the museum, located in the west-central part of Trinidad.
For the original report go to _URL_
Scientists say three to six major hurricanes will hit US, some in areas far beyond those typically associated with extreme storms, as Suzanne Goldenberg reports in this article for London's Guardian.
Americans were warned on Thursday to brace for an extremely active hurricane season – less than a year after the devastation of Sandy, which hit the east coast in October 2012 – with 13 to 20 named storms, including seven to 11 hurricanes.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, releasing its annual forecast, said 2013 would be prolific in raising storms out of the Atlantic and Caribbean. Of the predicted hurricanes, Noaa predicted that three to six could be major hurricanes, rated category three and packing winds of 111mph or higher.
Thursday's forecast was well above the average of 12 named storms, eight hurricanes and three major hurricanes. Administration officials also warned that the impacts of those storms – as with Sandy and Irene in 2011 – could be felt in areas far beyond those typically associated with hurricanes and tropical storms.
Sandy killed scores as it made its way across the Caribbean to the north-east US. While it was only a category two storm when it made landfall near Atlantic City in New Jersey, Sandy caused more than $75bn in damage. Lower Manhattan was knocked off the electrical grid for days because of storm surges and coastal communities have yet to recover.
"As we saw first-hand with Sandy, it's important to remember that tropical storm and hurricane impacts are not limited to the coastline. Strong winds, torrential rain, flooding, and tornadoes often threaten inland areas far from where the storm first makes landfall," said Kathryn Sullivan, the acting Noaa administrator.
Noaa scientists said there were three main causes behind the forecast of an extremely active season. They included a continuation of an atmospheric climate pattern, which includes a strong west African monsoon, that has been contributing to high activity during Atlantic hurricane season since the 1990s. Warmer ocean temperatures in the Atlantic and Caribbean oceans, where many storms originate, are also making for stronger storms. Officials said temperatures were on average about 0.8 of one degree fahrenheit above average.
El Niño, which can inhibit storm systems, was not expected to develop during this year's hurricane season. The season runs from 1 June to 1 November.
"There are no mitigating factors that we can see that will suppress the activity," said Gerry Bell, Noaa's lead Atlantic hurricane forecaster. "The computer models all point to an active, or very active, hurricane season."
Thursday's forecast was released at a time when Republicans in Congress are sharply scrutinising Noaa's role in forecasting. Earlier in the day, a house committee held a hearing to discuss privatising some of the forecasting functions that are overseen by the premier scientific agency. There has also been criticism of Noaa's messaging in advance of Hurricane Sandy, and whether its decision to officially downgrade the storm when it made landfall in New Jersey induced a false sense of security among some coastal communities.
Noaa officials, in unveiling their 2013 forecast, noted improvements to computer models that would allow better far-range prediction of storms. New Doppler radar data, to be introduced in July, will allow forecasters to better analyse rapidly changing storm conditions, officials said. However, the officials said it was impossible at this juncture to predict which coastal communities along the Atlantic coast are most likely to be hit this year.
It is also not yet clear when the storms will hit. As Sullivan noted, Sandy struck in the waning days of the hurricane season. "Hurricane Sandy was at the very end of the hurricane season and yet was one of the most devastating storms that we have ever seen," she said.
But officials said repeatedly that residents the length of the coast – and beyond – needed to prepare in advance, in order to be able to ride out storms in their homes or, if needed, have an exit plan in place. Such preparations should include putting aside a 72-hour supply of food and water at home, or having an evacuation plan in case of storm damage or flooding.
"This is a very dangerous hurricane season," said Joe Nimmich, who directs disaster response and recovery for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. "If you are not prepared you may become one of the statistics we don't care to have."
For the original report go to _URL_
The special issue, edited by Lorna Burns and Wendy Knepper, seeks to "sound new directions in Harris studies and attempt both to reinvigorate the current file and establish a new agenda for future scholarship."


text:
To pool data from published cases of tracheoinnominate artery fistula (TIF) treated with surgical or endovascular techniques along with reporting a case of similar presentation. A total of 261 cases in 137 published case reports and case series were identified through a comprehensive systematic literature review. Data regarding patient characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were extracted. A local case of a 14-year-old boy with TIF due to longstanding tracheostomy treated with stent-graft placement was added to the data. Comparison of the complication rates between surgical vs endovascular interventions was done with the chi-square test. Factors associated with longer survival were assessed by the Cox regression analysis. Thirty-three (12.6%) of the reported cases were treated endovascularly, 137 (52.3%) were treated surgically, and 92 (35.1%) were reported with no definitive treatment. Mean age was 34 ± 22 years, and 61% were males. The mean time interval between tracheotomy placement and bleeding was 1 ± 2.5 years. A lower procedure-related complication (30% vs 50%, P = 0.045) and 30-day mortality (9% vs 23%, P = 0.008) rates had been reported with percutaneous approaches compared to surgery. No percutaneous procedure was reported prior to year 2000. In multivariate analysis stratified by publication year, a shorter tracheostomy-to-bleeding time (year) was significantly associated with higher hazards of death (hazard ratio: 1.22, P = 0.017). Type of intervention (percutaneous vs surgery) was not associated with postintervention survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.78, P = 0.558). Endovascular stent grafting can have a comparable postprocedural survival and lower complication rates vs open surgical repair in treatment of TIF.
- Case report
- Pooled cohort analysis
- Stent graft
- Tracheoinnominate artery fistula
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine


uploaded imageFor Figure P9.4,
Figure P9.4 Diode Circuit
(a) find current flowing through diode using the iteration procedure. The iteration
can be stopped when Iidn - idn-1I is <10-12A
(b) How many iterations were performed before the required result
was obtained? Assume a temperature of 25 oC, emission coefficient,
n, of 1.5, and the reverse saturation current, IS, is 10-16A.
Want an answer?


text:
Don't you just love the massive advancements made in the realm of technology? The Mobile Lorm Glove is one of them, where they will help the deaf and blind communicate with other people via mobile technology. Why is it called the Lorm Glove? Well, it relies on "Lorm," a tactile signing language which is used by people who have sight and hearing impairments. At the bottom side of the glove lies pressure sensors which will translate "Lorm" into visual or audible forms of communication, such as text messages or speech for example – over a mobile phone. Catch a video of the Mobile Lorm Glove in action after the jump.
The glove itself will also allow its wearer to receive text messages thanks to tactile feedback patterns. A bunch of vibration motors have also been thrown into the mix on the back which will translate messages into vibrations, and hence, you might "read" a book in an entirely new way by "feeling" your way through a whole audiobook. The Mobile Lorm Glove is the brainchild of Tom Bieling, Ulrike Gollner and Gesche Joost, and it is still in its early stages, with the next phase targeting direct speech input and output.Follow:GadgetsMedicallorm glove


text:
[ Ross Island ] [ In Search Of the Early Miners ] [ Links ]
Island Mine,showing dam embankment
'Besides the beauty which Nature has so bountifully scattered over
the surfaces of this island, she has buried immense treasures in its
bosom. Here lead and copper are to be had in great abundance...' (G.N.
Ross Island, on the eastern side of Lough Leane, saw the mining of
copper and other metals at different times over the past four thousand
years. Copper mining began here at the dawn of the Bronze Age (c.2400-1800
BC) when metal was first used in Ireland. The discovery of Beaker
pottery links this mine to the very beginnings of Irish metallurgy in
the final Neolithic period. Mining resumed here in the early Christian
era around the eight century AD, and subsequently at different times
during the 18th and 19th centuries. This culminated in large-scale
industrial operations between _PHONE_ when some 5000 tons of copper
ore were sold to smelters in England.
Blue Hole Mine,1829
The Blue hole Mine Today
In all periods at Ross Island mining focused on a copper-rich horizon
within the local limestone geology. This rich mineral deposit is confined
to a small part of the southern coastline where copper minerals streak the
blue limestone rocks. This mineralisation extends to a maximum depth of
only 13-16m along the lake shore and could be mined with relative ease,
water levels permitting.
The mine is located on a bed of copper-rich limestone (the Western
Mine), principally containing the yellow mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)
and the grey tennantite ore (Cu12As4S13).
This bedded deposit is bordered on the eastern side by a vein-type
structure (the Blue Hole) containing a rich deposit of copper, lead and
zinc ore. The mineralisation at Ross Island also has a significant silver
content which may have been extracted in ancient times.


text:
PLANT PROTECTION NUTRIENT FOR therapeutic plant LACALVA STRESS
WHAT IS PLANT PROTECTION? - DEFINITION
To help protect your therapeutic plant, we need the necessary nutrients to feed and heal our crops. For this task, we have our high-quality liquid fertilizer Lacalva Stress, which is dedicated to controlling the enemies of your crop.
Plant protection consists of having control of the nutrients your plant absorbs so that it can develop without any plague or deficiency in its growth.
This fertilizer helps to control plant diseases and ensure that the productivity of your crop is not limited and reduces the quantity and quality of the buds.
NUTRITIONAL FERTILIZERS ANTI STRESS - SUPER CONCENTRATED AMINO ACIDS FOR PLANTS - PROPERTIES
Balanced NPK recipe with a high content of amino acids, bioencapsulated manganese and secret ingredients, it is recommended for times of stress and maximum demand of your therapeutic plant or hemp plants, making them stronger and protecting them from any need or attack.
Its use is recommended in phase changes, as well as when there is a lack of nutrients or the plant suffers an attack, specifically designed by MADAME GROW® for times of maximum need, it provides all the necessary elements to overcome moments of stress.
The high concentration of amino acids makes our plant reach the end of the cycle with all the vigor and protection necessary to obtain a successful harvest.
Before any moment of stress, do not hesitate and treat your plant with LACALVA STRESS TREATMENT, and in a very short time you will see how it recovers its splendor.
COMPOSITION - VEGETABLE PROTECTION FERTILIZER
BEST VEGETABLE PROTECTION NUTRITIONAL FERTILIZERS
VEGETABLE PROTECTION AND NUTRITION FERTILIZER - INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
SUPERCONCENTRATED, NPK 5-3-4: Root and foliar application, pour between 2 and 4 ml per liter of water, during the phase changes from growth to flowering, and at the beginning of fattening.
Plants can absorb amino acids in 2 ways:
- Root route: they would be absorbed the same as nitric or ammonium nitrogen and the sap will distribute it throughout the plant.
- Foliar route: It is the most used, since they can be applied together with other treatments such as foliar fertilizers, phytosanitary products, herbicides, etc.
It is convenient to use Lacalva Stress when your plant is lacking in nutrients or suffers an attack. We indicate the growing phases where it is most often used:
GROWTH PHASE FLOWERING PHASE
- Week 2: 2ml/l - Week 7: 2ml/l
- Week 3: 2ml/l - Week 8: 2ml/l
For more information, consult the MADAME GROW® Grow Table.
Product guaranteed by VEGETAL BIOPLANT laboratories.
BENEFITS OF SUPER AMINO ACID CONCENTRATE FOR PLANTS
Plant amino acids are closely related to plant growth and development. Some plant hormones are linked to amino acids or come from their transformation.
This makes the application of our super-concentrated amino acid fertilizer for plants LACALVA STRESS a success for the plant to overcome and develop in the face of any adversity.
The benefits of the plant protection fertilizer with concentrated amino acids manufactured by vegetalbioplant, are the following:
- Increase cell permeability.
- Improves the absorption and translation of nutrient ions.
- Increases flowering and decreases the number of floral abortions.
- Regulates osmotic processes.
- Accelerate the recovery of plants, subjected to adverse conditions, such as: transplants, transport, frost, wind, hail, pruning, suffocation, toxic effects of phytosanitary treatments, etc.
In short, this nutrient is essential to have an excellent flowering. Combined with micro-elements, they increase the weight and flavor of the buds.


text:
How often should we conduct a performance review meeting?
Nowadays, the performance assessment meeting represents a common practice that is, no longer, an uncomfortable event for either the employer, or the employee. Now that each party is familiar with this activity, the next arising matter regards how often should it be conducted? The frequency rate must take into consideration aspects that will enhance employee performance and also favor company and leaders' resources.
- One annual meeting
Once the need for performance assessment meetings has been acknowledged, it generally starts with a frequency of occurrence of once per year. Having one annual performance review meeting with the company's employees can be effective but it can also become an obstacle in reaching the desired performance results.
In the context of a very dynamic business environment which is continuously growing, developing and changing, a once a year performance review meeting means that employees will pursuit objectives which might be outdated in comparison with the company's current aims. Ineffectiveness might also occur when an employee, who is not on the right track towards achieving performance, will not be able to reestablish himself on the right course earlier than within a year. This is due to the absence of feedback and a clear overview, elements which are normally established during performance review meetings. These are the risks and the threats that may interfere when assessment meetings are conducted no earlier than once a year.
Nevertheless, there can also be contexts when a once a year performance assessment leads to reaching the desired performance results. This is the case when a rolling business has reached a stable state which is to be maintained: changes are few and rarely interfere with the strategic goals. A once a year performance evaluation, in such a context, may be more effective as the path needed to be followed is clear and arises from the previous performance cycles.
- Biannual meetings
Another approach of the frequency of performance assessment meetings is the biannual one which takes place twice a year, at the beginning/end of the year and at its middle. This approach maintains the employees more frequently updated on how they are performing in relation to the set objectives and also what is expected from them. When assessment meetings are conducted accordingly to performance standards, feedback during such an encounter stimulates employees' motivation. Through a biannual performance review meeting, employees' motivation for their work activity is being maintained at a higher levels. In addition, updates, changes, business goals and individual objectives are constantly aligned.
One inconvenient of conducting a twice per year review meeting is that leaders have to double their investment in resources like time, preparation in advance and, of course, rewards allocation. Efforts of these investments will, however, be compensated further on by employees who are motivated and eager to perform.
- Quarterly meetings
The last approach presented concerns assessment meetings included in a quarterly schedule, or every three months. For an employee, to be evaluated every three months means to continuously receive feedback. Additionally, because every feedback is constructive during performance meetings, the output expected from employees is to become more and more performance-oriented.
However, every three months evaluations can lead to two decisively opposite paths, depending on the context and manner of conduct. For example, in cases where deadlines are not tight and the business is not visibly changing, employees will feel like being held under constant surveillance, rather than being appreciated for their efforts. On the opposite side, when quarterly review meetings are performed in the context of a very dynamic business with employees who are working strictly on projects, a performance evaluation meeting comes as additional support and guidance to ongoing development activities.
There isn't any perfect recipe regarding how often a review meeting should be conducted. However, leaders should constantly take into consideration the dynamics of the business they are running, together with the organizational culture. They have to know their employees and what would make them feel awakened, aware of the input they are bringing to the company. Once the frequency of the performance review meetings has been decided, the next relevant steps are to clearly and transparently communicate this decision to employees and to assure an open framework during performance discussions.


UTMA Custodian Accountable After Beneficiary's Majority
A recent case out of Kentucky deals with a fairly arcane legal question, but it gives a chance to remind people about UTMA accounts and the rules governing them. The issue in that case: what duties does a UTMA custodian have to account to the minor beneficiary after he or she reaches the age of majority?
For the uninitiated, UTMA refers to the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act. It has been adopted in some form in forty-eight states (the holdouts: South Carolina and Vermont, both of which still rely on the earlier and similar Uniform Gifts to Minors Act, or UGMA). It basically creates a simplified statutory trust-like arrangement. Want to give money to a minor? Just pick a custodian and title the gift to "John Doe, Custodian under the UTMA for benefit of Janet Doe." There's not even any magic about those words — the most important thing is that the letters UTMA appear in the title.
When you create such an account the money does not belong to the named custodian, but to the minor beneficiary. Depending on the source of the money (and your state's variant of the UTMA), the minor is entitled to receive the remaining funds at age 18 or 21. In the meantime the custodian, like a trustee of a trust, can decide to use the money for education, health or other benefits for the "minor" (remembering that the beneficiary can sometimes be over 18 but younger than 21).
That's the arrangement Allyne M. Peter set up for her grandson Emil Peter IV back in 1983. She left over $83,000 in a UTMA account naming her son Emil Peter III as custodian. Over the years some of that money was distributed to her grandson, but in 2007 — years after he had turned 21 — Emil Peter IV decided his father hadn't given him enough information so that he could figure out whether there should still be money in the account. So he sued his father to compel an accounting for the UTMA account.
Emil Peter III argued that the UTMA statute required such suits to be brought in a lower Kentucky court, and that his son's suit should be dismissed. One problem with that: he also made clear that he thought the same statute required the beneficiary to still be a minor when he brought the suit, so his reading would leave his son with no court in which to challenge his father's administration.
The issue in the Peter family dispute is arcane, and it would not arise in Arizona (because both kinds of suits would be brought in the same court). But it does give us a chance to reflect that the custodian of a UTMA account is much like a trustee in a number of ways. One similarity: both types of fiduciary must be prepared to account for the administration of the money they handle.
That was what the Kentucky Court of Appeals decided. Even though it might not be crystal clear whether the UTMA could be read as requiring that any suit be brought in the lower court, the possibility that neither court might have authority made the appellate judges determine that Emil Peter IV's current proceeding should continue. Peter v. Schultz-Gibson, January 29, 2010.
The legal issue might seem arcane to non-lawyers, or to residents of states with only one choice of trial court for UTMA accounts, but it probably doesn't feel all that arcane to Brandon Gould. That's because last spring he brought a similar action against his grandmother in the New York Surrogate's Court. The New York UTMA statute, like the Kentucky version, authorizes minors over the age of 14 (or a family member acting on their behalf) to bring an action in a lower court — in New York, the Surrogate's Court. Brandon's grandmother argued that because Brandon had turned 21 (the age of "majority" for New York's UTMA law) several months before filing the action, he could not use the lower court. The New York Surrogate agreed and dismissed Brandon's lawsuit — arguably the same fate that would have awaited Emil Peter IV if he had filed in the lower Kentucky court. In Re Gould, May 26, 2009.
The disposition of both Emil Peter IV's and Brandon Gould's lawsuits really beg the question. What is the accounting requirement under the UTMA statute?
The law itself does not provide much guidance (you can look at the truly "uniform" UTMA statute at the website of NCCUSL, the organization that promulgates uniform laws in the U.S.). Section 12 of the Act does require the custodian to "keep records of all transactions," and to "make them available for inspection" by the minor or the minor's parents or guardian. The part of the law disputed in the Peter and Gould cases, Section 19, permits a minor over age 14, a guardian or a family member to demand an accounting — but leaves ambiguous what rights the "minor" has after reaching the age of majority.
Still, it is clear that the custodian is a fiduciary and must use the money for the benefit of the minor. UTMA money may not be commingled with other money, income in the UTMA account should not be reported under the custodian's Social Security number, and the custodian may not use UTMA money for his or her own benefit. One way or another, the minor can compel an accounting and release of the money when he or she reaches the appropriate age (18 or 21, depending on the state and circumstances).
An account set up under your state's UTMA can be a streamlined, simplified way of giving (or leaving) money to a child, a grandchild or anyone else under age 21 (or, in some cases, 18). It can save time, cost and headaches associated with setting up a more formal trust arrangement, and it certainly makes tax preparation easier for the custodian (taxation simply flows to the minor beneficiary, with no separate return required for the account itself). Selection of the custodian is critical, however — you should choose someone who appreciates that the funds ultimately belong to the minor beneficiary, and must be turned over to him or her at the appropriate age, together with a complete accounting.
Leave one
10 Responses
 1. Joseph M. Winkelman
 / April 8, 2012
 Such as? Please, elaborate. This pertains to me. I do not have the finances for a private attorney to sue.
 2. Judy
 / July 8, 2015
 Hello Joseph, I hope things worked out for you and you got your money. I'm in the process of having my daughters custodian (her uncle) who stole a lot of her money, arrested. Lawyers told me to contact the local police dept. where the custodian lives and get your case started there. They will be arresting him soon for theft and we will go from there on criminal charges. Best of luck, don't give up…
 3. Melissa
 / January 19, 2016
 Okay, so my mother passed away in January 2010. We reside in Texas. My mother's house was to be split 3 ways, between myself and my then minor children. (She was a KY resident. I sold the property, and placed the money for my children in a UTMA account here in Texas. My daughter will be 20 in April, and would like to use some of the money for college in the fall of 2016, her 3rd year. Do I have to pay taxes on the money or capitol gains, or is my daughter responsible for taxes or capital gains? The money in question is now valued at $34,961.17. When I contacted our bank, USAA, here in Texas, I was informed, to contact a tax attorney. I would be required to pay taxes on all money, the first $2000.00 at the child's tax rate and the remaining at the guardians tax rate. (Me) Seems odd as the money was inherited by my children, from their grandmother to them. Why, when I am just the custodian of the money, and their mother, would I have to pay additional taxes?
 4. Melissa:
 While I suspect the legal advice your banker gave you is flawed, I have no problem with the practical advice — talk to a tax attorney OR a certified public accountant. Take copies of the bank statements with you and have them explain how income taxes apply to inheritances. You will likely find that neither you nor your daughter have any significant tax bills to worry about, but I don't have enough information to be sure of that. Get good counsel.
 Robert B. Fleming
 Fleming & Curti, PLC
 Tucson, Arizona
 5. Beth
 / September 2, 2016
 Question – if the minor beneficiary of an UTMA turns 18 and it is necessary for a guardian to be appointed for him as he is somewhat incapacitated, does the custodian of the UTMA maintain authority over the UTMA or does it fall to the authority of the guardian?
 6. Beth:
 The answer is probably very state-specific, and even the language changes from state to state. In Arizona, though, the general answer will be that a conservator (of the estate) probably needs to be appointed to manage the funds — but perhaps not until the UGMA beneficiary turns 21. Don't leap too quickly to the assumption that the beneficiary lacks capacity to sign a power of attorney or trust instrument,


text:
The Betel Leaf is an aromatic, anti-bacterial, stimulant herb, with a spicy, clove-like flavor. Belonging to the pepper family, the betel vine, represent goodness of wealth in Hindu mythology.
A recent research carried out at the Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, at the University of Calcutta, revealed that the Betel Leaf prevents degeneration of cells. The result of the study revealed that three local varieties of betel leaf â€" the Bagerhati, Ghanahgete and Kauri have immense potential in preventing cellular damage than tea. An experiment carried on the rats at the Jawarharlal Nehru University, Delhi, reveals that the leaf has the ability to forage free radicals.
Chewing the leaves of the herb while increasing the flow of saliva, also, protects against intestinal parasites. Quite a few studies have even revealed the anti-oxidant properties of the leaf.
Dr. Kamala Krishaswamy, the President of Nutrition Society of India, says that Betel Leaf is a good source of calcium, carotene and iron and also helps in digestion. She clarified that betel leaf, by itself, has no adverse affects, as is otherwise believed to be so.Â It is only when chewed with tobacco that they prove harmful. The betel nut which is used in â€˜paanâ€™ is believed to contain carcinogen, a substance that causes cancer, although there is no strong evidence to prove this.
Smearing a dash of lime on a betel leaf and adding quarter teaspoon each of grated dry coconut, a pinch of peppermint extract, fennel and a tiny spot of rose preserve and aniseeds on to the leaf, and folding it in the form of a quid and savouring it after a heavy meal, has its own health benefits.


text:
is a piece of absorbent fabric
used for drying or wiping. It draws moisture
through direct contact using a blotting or a rubbing motion.
Types of towels
- A bath towel is used for drying one's body after bathing or showering. It is typically rectangular, with a typical size around 30"×60" (75×150 cm). A large bath towel is sometimes called a bath sheet. Some smaller bath towels are designed for use as bath mats.
- A beach towel is usually a little bit larger than a bath towel. Although it is often used for drying off after being in the water, its chief purpose is to provide a surface to lie on to relax or just to tan. They are also worn for privacy while changing clothes in a public area, and for wiping sand from the body or objects. Beach towels often have colourful patterns printed or woven into them.
- A change of towels, as supplied by maid service in an American-style hotel, is one bath towel, one hand towel, and one washcloth.
- A foot towel is a small, rectangular towel which, in the absence of a rug, carpet or bathroom mat, is placed on the bathroom floor to stand on after finishing a shower or bath.
- A hand towel is significantly smaller than a bath towel (perhaps 30x60 cm), and is used for drying one's hands after washing them.
- The term kitchen towel can refer to either a dish towel or to a paper towel, the latter usage being primarily British.
- A paper towel is a piece of paper that can be used once as a towel and then be disposed of. A perforated roll of paper towels is normally mounted on a rod a little longer than the width of the roll, or in an alternative type of hanger that has indentations on ears, the indentations fitting into the ends of the paper towel roll. Paper towels can also be found packaged like facial tissues, as individual folded sheets.
- A show towel is a sub species of the common bath or hand towel that has had trim, such as satin, lace or linen stitched onto it, or embroidery done on it, mainly to simply "look nice". They are used to add a decorative touch, usually to a bathroom, most commonly in the USA. They should not be used to actually dry anything, as regular washing ruins the added trim, and the towel buckles as well (because the towel usually shrinks differently than the trim).
- A sports towel or chamois is a towel used by swimmers and divers, it is a super absorbent towel that wipes water away and when it becomes too wet and can be squeezed to get the water out of the towel so it can be used again.
- A sweat towel is often of similar size to a hand towel, and can be required in gyms in order to wipe down the machines after use.
- A tea towel (British English) or dish towel (American English) is a cloth which is used to dry dishes, cutlery, etc., after they have been washed. In 18th century England, a tea towel was a special linen drying cloth used by the mistress of the house to dry her precious and expensive china tea things. Servants were considered too ham-fisted to be trusted with such a delicate job, although housemaids were charged with hand-hemming the woven linen when their main duties were completed. Mass-produced tea towels were produced during the Industrial Revolution. Today pictorial tea towels make humorous ironic souvenirs.
- A washcloth, wash cloth, flannel, or face cloth is a small square about the width of a hand towel, and is used by wetting, applying soap to the towel, and then using the towel to apply the soap to skin. This increases abrasion, and can remove dead skin cells from the skin more effectively than just manual application and rubbing of soap.
- A wet towel (oshibori) is used in Japan to wash one's hands before eating. It is often given to customers of an izakaya.
Towels are often used for purposes other than drying things. For example
- To sit, lie and stand on, to avoid direct contact with the ground, sand, rock, chair, etc. This may be for hygiene and comfort, and in saunas or other places where nudity is common.
- Barbers use steamed towels to prepare the skin for shaving.
- To reserve seats, for example sunloungers, by the side of swimming pools or similar locations (a source of annoyance to some and amusement to others).
- A towel can act as a make-shift garment or blanket. There is a variety of uses when a towel is applied in this manner. For example, the towel can be used as an extra layer of clothing for cold conditions; or can be worn on its own around the waist (similarly to a kilt or skirt) or just under the shoulders (similarly to a long dress), usually in a warm environment.
- In Asian countries, towels (smaller in size than hand towels - usually 30 cm square) are used as handkerchiefs. Men and women both carry them. The softness of the Turkish-type towel makes it a favourite for use.
- In some cases, a towel can be used to protect its owner (as well as other people). For example, a damp towel can be used to block the gap between the door and floor to help stop noxious gases or smoke from entering the room. This is especially useful in case of a fire, where, in most cases, people die of smoke inhalation before the fire reaches them.
- On cruise ships, towel animals are created for the patrons.
- Towels can also be used like a whip in what is known as towel snapping.
- To hold hot objects, much like an oven glove.
- Towels may also be used as a head dress for wet hair.
- Towels can be used as a "sling" for a broken arm.
- Towels are often used for "ice blocking."
- In boxing or other combat sports, a figher's cornerman could throw a towel into the ring to concede the fighter's defeat in that match. This is called "throwing in the towel."
- At sporting events, sometimes towels are handed out to fans to wave around to cheer on their team.
Appearances in popular culture
- Towels played an iconic role in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. They are described as the most "massively useful thing an interstellar hitchhiker can have," an example usage being to ward off the gaze of the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal. The fictitious time/space traveller and Guide Researcher Ford Prefect uses the idiom "a hoopy frood who really knows where his towel is" to mean someone generally alert and aware. Some fans of Douglas Adams have seized on this idea, and towels are now considered a symbol of one's devotion to the Hitchhiker books, radio series, TV series, website, etc. Towel Day is held each year in memory of Adams.
- In the cartoon South Park a character named Towelie is a walking, talking "RG-400 Smart Towel" manufactured by Tynacorp. He frequently reminds people to bring towels, because you'll never know when you'll need a towel.
- Fans started using the Terrible Towel in 1975 to encourage the Pittsburgh Steelers as they sought (and eventually won) an NFL championship. The Terrible Towel has been in use by the Steelers since and is "arguably the best-known fan symbol of any major pro sports team". Other sports teams have since started using so-called "rally towels" in support of their team.
- In 1982 Roger Neilson, the then head coach of the Vancouver Canucks, waved a white towel on the end of a hockey stick in mock surrender at what he felt was a sequence of unfair penalties during a playoff game against the Chicago Blackhawks. This became known as Towel Power. The following game thousands of fans brought and waved towels and it has remained a traditional way for fans to show their support during the playoffs. During Playoff games, GM Place hands these towels out bearing the Canucks logo.
The invention of the towel associated, at least apocryphally, with the city of Bursa
. The city is still noted for the production of "Turkish towels."


Malvern's newest initiative focuses on character
Chris Bunn
Malvern SealThe Character and Integrity Task Force is a new way to review the school's disciplinary philosophy, policy, and implementation
The Character and Integrity Task Force is a new initiative that aims to review the school's disciplinary philosophy, policy, and implementation. Chaired by Dean of Students Mr. Tim Dougherty, the task force will also include other members of Malvern's community such as Mr. Talbot, Father Flynn, Mrs. Feeney, Mr. Valyo, and Mr. Algeo.
Along with academic integrity, the main focus of the group will be on other character issues such as drugs and alcohol, digital citizenship, and respect for differences, according to Head of School Mr. Talbot.
However, Talbot is quick to note that this list isn't exhaustive, but rather representative. Issues that arise over time will also be addressed. Input from parents and faculty will also be considered.
Despite the fact that the basic structure and purpose of the Character and Integrity Task Force has been developed, some of the details have not yet been planned out. Because of this, the task force has not been publically announced, according to Talbot.
The reasons for starting this task force are twofold, said Talbot.
One of the reasons is due to a series of incidents, some of which have to do with academic integrity and other behavioral incidents such as drinking on Christian service trips and vandalizing property, according to Talbot.
"The other reason is rooted in Malvern's own Augustinian mission and values," Talbot said.
Most members of the Malvern community will get a chance to participate on the Task Force, according to Talbot. However, most roles within the task force will be limited. "I want to make sure that people understand their roles. The way I would characterize it is [that] there are three kind of species of people involved in this," said Talbot.
"There are people who ultimately decide what we change or what we preserve. That would be the members of the leadership team and the educational administrator team," Talbot explained.
"The next group would be the recommenders. So the other members of the task force [such as] teachers, staff, alumni, trustees, parents."
"The third group would be consultants or advisors. They may or may not make a recommendation. But they would be sharing their perspectives. Students would share perspectives. Other parents not on the task force would share perspectives. But they are not at the point of making a formal recommendation," Talbot said.
According to Talbot, students might serve for the most part as advisors or consultants. However, there may be instances where students could become a subcommittee and submit a formal recommendation.
The reason for the limited role of students in this task force is due to an inherent conflict of interest.
"[As a student,] you want to have a say at the table. But we also have to make sure that we are not creating conflicts of interest where students are actually recommending or deciding upon policies that might, for example, minimize or eliminate penalties, when in fact we really do need those things." Talbot explained.
At this point, the administration is unsure of how this task force will be received by students. "I can't anticipate student perception until changes occur," says Mr. Dougherty.
However, Dougherty is looking forward to the discussion. "It is exciting to self assess and see what is needed and what is not," he said.
As the Character and Integrity task force starts to become more defined, Talbot still believes that the purpose of this task force is to improve, rather than fix.
"I don't think that we have a corrupt culture. I don't think that we have some rotten core that needs to be carved out or replaced. I think this is a healthy place. And that's a good thing." Talbot said.
"Malvern kids are good kids. For me, it is about taking a good thing and making it better."


Introducing WML and WMLScript: WML Crash Course - Part II | WebReference
Introducing WML and WMLScript: WML Crash Course - Part II
Introducing WML and WMLScript
A Crash Course in WML - Part II
When you navigate with the up and down arrow keys, the cursor moves from one entry field to another. You fill entries or modify them with the Options soft key. Let's assume the cursor is in the Amount: entry field and you click the Options soft key. You get the following display:
The Options card is a derived card. It is not specified directly by the WML code. The header is always Browser Options. Be sure to navigate the different options, as some of them are hidden. In this particular case, you have three options:
The Edit Amount option is derived from the fact that the cursor stood in the field. As shown on the previous page, this field is defined with title="Amount:". The WML compiler uses the value of the title attribute to construct the option name, by appending it to the string Edit, generating the option Edit Amount. As strange as it sounds, the WML compiler drops any colons from the end of the title value. The value of title in the original WML code is Amount:, while what is being displayed is just Amount. So far, we have found it to happen only in tags, as opposed to tags where the colon stays in tact.
The other two options displayed above are Calculate and Help. Browser Options are created via the . Here is the tag for the Calculate option:

Next: How to program in WML - Part III
Produced by Yehuda Shiran and Tomer Shiran
Created: May 8, 2000
Revised: May 8, 2000


text:
Theme 2008: Cultural diversity
SOCIAL DIALOGUE ABOUT CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Organised by the CNV KUNSTENBOND, with participation of cultural trade-unions around Europe.
Location: SBI/Zonneheuvel in Doorn, the Netherlands
August 2 – August 7 2008
- Europe is a patchwork of so many and very different local communities. This fascinating diversity is essential for the future of the European culture and work in the sector art & culture.
- The essential cultural diversity cannot exist without a social-cultural dialogue.
- Such dialogues need to be organised. Actors should be cultural groups, trade-unions, local politics, churches.
- The suggestion is to avoid 'multi-cultural' and use instead 'inter-cultural' as key words
- Dialogue is only possible if we communicate in the same language. Language education is essentional.
- Values become more and more important. Education (school, vocational)should bring the important values of Europe to students and newcomers.
- The arts are the core of the fast growing 'cultural industries'. But no art, without the artists. These 'cultural workers' have often been pushed into a selfemployed situation. In most nations there are hardly any good provisions and structures to help/sustain like health-care, social security, retirement plans. It is important tha the new debates about flexacurity will include the very special situations of the artists/cultural workers. Politics should start thinking about these situations.
- Trade unions need to participate in this changing climate giving work to ten thousands of self-employed, flexible workers.
- Easily safety(safe work) and health are forgotten, but those aspects are essential contexts for our human capital. Here trade-unions and governements need to work together towards fair regulations and implementations.


text:
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, Volume 44, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 486-503.
This article examines how coaching using questions could assist novice teachers to promote mathematical thinking and discussions within time-constrained programmes.
Videos of rehearsals, reflective debriefs, and student teacher surveys were collected across a range of courses over 4 years.
Findings included that student teacher roles in rehearsals were enhanced through coaching with questions and co-construction was enabled. Coaching questions exposed effective practice, particularly in relation to orchestrating mathematical discussion, enabling student teachers to reflect, discuss, make decisions, and immediately trial teaching strategies. Questions appeared to lengthen rehearsals but improved their effectiveness through enhancing participation and enabling co-construction of meaning. Findings indicate that questions used in coaching of rehearsals inform and empower novice teachers, essential factors within initial teacher education for equitable and ambitious mathematics teaching.


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While reading "C++ Primer Plus 5th edition", I saw this piece of code:
 cout << ch;
So, this will lead to display the following character after ch. But, If I did it that way:
 cout << ch+1;
Now, cout will think ch is an int(try typecasting). So, why cout does so? And why if I added 1 to a char it will produce a number?. And why there's a difference between: ch++, and ch + 1.
share|improve this question
you probably want ch = ch + 1 – kenny Aug 2 '09 at 11:00
I think he means cout << ch + 1, which indeed prints an int instead of a char – itsadok Aug 2 '09 at 11:01
Thanks itsadok, that's what I meant. – Loai Najati Aug 2 '09 at 11:08
4 Answers 4
up vote 18 down vote accepted
The reason this occurs is the type of the literal 1 is int. When you add an int and a char you get an int, but when you increment a char, it remains a char.
Try this:
_TAG_
void print_type(char)
 std::cout << "char\n";
void print_type(int)
 std::cout << "int\n";
void print_type(long)
 std::cout << "long\n";
int main()
 char c = 1;
 int i = 1;
 long l = 1;
 print_type(c); // prints "char"
 print_type(i); // prints "int"
 print_type(l); // prints "long"
 print_type(c+i); // prints "int"
 print_type(l+i); // prints "long"
 print_type(c+l); // prints "long"
 print_type(c++); // prints "char"
 return 0;
share|improve this answer
print_type(c+c); // prints "int" – Avram Aug 2 '09 at 14:50
_USER_: yep, binary arithmetic operators never operate on less than an int. It's fairly early on in the spec. – Steve Jessop Aug 2 '09 at 18:11
Thanks for that. It's really a good answer. – Loai Najati Aug 3 '09 at 11:01
Please note - this is the answe to the original question, which has since been edited.
No it won't. It is not possible to change the type of a variable in C++.
increments whatever is in ch.
ch + 1;
takes the value (contents) of ch, adds 1 to it and discards the result. Whatever is in ch is unchanged.
share|improve this answer
What on earth gave me this idea?:D – Loai Najati Aug 2 '09 at 10:59
-1 because you don't answer the question which was "why does c+1 gives an int?" which has a real answer. See answer from _USER_ – Vincent Robert Aug 2 '09 at 11:23
_USER_ The questioner has changed the question since I answered it - see the edit history. – anon Aug 2 '09 at 11:26
Yes, I did. Thanks Neil. – Loai Najati Aug 3 '09 at 10:59
The statement ++ch; increments ch whereas ch + 1; doesn't.
share|improve this answer
Also, rememeber that '++ch' will do the increment before actually running the statement it is in, so that is why it remains a char.
int i = 0;
cout << ++i << endl;
cout << i++ << endl;
// both will print out 1.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
This section describes the requirements for allowing trusted domain authentication in Windows domains. These requirements apply to any passwordless authentication method when Tectia Server is located in another Windows domain than the client users accessing Tectia Server and services it offers. The client users may be located in a network domain that is external to a corporate network providing a service that is secured with Tectia Server. These requirements apply to Windows domain controllers only.
- Domain controllers
Windows Server 2003 or a newer version is required.
- Trust path between domains
A bidirectional trust path between Windows domains is required when the client and the service are in different domains. Otherwise Kerberos extensions from Microsoft called Service-for-User (S4U) do not work.
- Functional level of domains
The functional level of domain controllers should be
Native Win2003in order for the Kerberos extensions to work properly.
You can raise the domain functional level by logging into the primary domain controller with administrator credentials. Locate the Active Directory Users and Computers and in the console tree, right-click the domain node whose functional level you want to raise.
- DNS suffixes
DNS suffixes must be configured properly so that the trusted domains can see each other and can retrieve information about users.
On the DNS server, by clicking the Advanced button in a connection's Internet Protocol (IP) Properties dialog box, you can open the connection's Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box. On the DNS tab of this dialog box, you can create DNS suffixes to be used by the connection.


text:
Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
RMRS Online Publication
RMRS-RB-1: Comprehensive Inventory of Utah's Forest Resources, 1993
O'Brien, Renee A. 1999. Comprehensive inventory of Utah's forest resources, 1993. Resour. Bull. RMRS-RB-1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 105 p.
This report presents the results of an inventory of Utah's forest lands, completed in 1995. It is the first of its kind for the Interior West States in that it includes all forested lands, regardless of ownership or administrative status. It also includes information on a multitude of forest ecosystem attributes.
Included in this report are tables and highlights of area, numbers of trees, biomass, volume, growth, mortality, successional stage, understory vegetation, removals, and net change. Much of the information is organized by forest type, species, diameter class, or owner. The report also explains inventory design and inventory terminology, and discusses data reliability. Roughly 29 percent of the area of Utah is forest land, and about 83 percent of the forest land is administered by government agencies. Only about 5 percent of the forest land in Utah is reserved from being utilized for wood products. The most common forest type is pinyon-juniper, composing 49 percent of the total forest land. The tree species estimated to have the highest percent of the total number of trees is Gambel oak, with 25 percent. The tree species estimated to compose the largest percent of biomass is Utah juniper, with 24 percent of the total biomass and 25 percent of the total cubic foot volume. The total volume of wood in live trees in Utah is estimated to be over 15.3 billion cubic feet. The area of timberland not reserved from harvesting is about 4.9 million acres, or 31 percent of the forest land. The net volume of growing stock on nonreserved timberland is over 7.4 billion cubic feet, with almost 78 percent of that on lands administered by the National Forest System.
Keywords: Forest land area, forest inventory, numbers of trees, biomass, volume, growth, mortality, successional stage, forest type, double sampling
About PDFs: For best results, do not open the PDF in your Web browser. Right-click on the PDF link to download the PDF file directly to your computer. Click here for more PDF help or order a printed copy of this publication.
PDF File Size: 1.1 MB
Comprehensive Inventory of Utah's Forest Resources, 1993
Electronic Publish Date: November 30, 1999
Last Update: April 27, 2005
RMRS Publications | Order a publication | Contact Us


text:
ur, Jean-Claude Brochon (2001). New Trends in Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical and Life Sciences. Springer. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-540-67779-6.
Jean and Francis Perrin held similar political and philosophical ideas. Both were socialists and atheists.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Perrin.|
- Jean Baptiste Perrin on Nobelprize.org
- Works by or about Jean Baptiste Perrin at Internet Archive
- Mouvement brownien et molécules, by Jean Perrin, 1923 on Vidéothèque du CNRS (French)
- Jean Perrin et la réalité moléculaire on Vidéothèque du CNRS (French)


text:
SPARKING CREATIVITY USING MINDFULNESS
A business case for increasing creativity with mindfulness and meditation at work.
Download SIGMA's white paper on mindfulness and creativity to learn:
- how distractions limit our ability to be creative,
- what mindfulness is,
- how mindfulness is good for business,
- the ways in which mindfulness enhances creativity
Download the white paper by completing the form to the right.


text:
If you have ever (for whatever reason – that's none of our business) locked yourself in a dark closet and peeled Scotch tape from its holder, you may have noticed a tiny bit of light. The tape actually emits a faint luminescence when it's being separated. It's due to a phenomenon known as triboluminescence, which has been documented as far back as the 17th century. In the 1950s, Soviet researchers claimed that unrolling sticky tape resulted also in the release of X-rays, but no one really bothered to follow up on that study until now.
A group of researchers at UCLA decided to test the X-ray claims recently. Using a machine to unroll the tape at 3 centimeters/second in a vacuum, they measured the electromagnetic output. The short bursts of X-rays lasted for about a billionth of a second each and output 300,000 X-ray photons. The researchers were even able to prove the presence of the X-rays by producing pictures of their finger bones. There's no need to worry about getting a super-dose of radiation while taping the paper on birthday presents, though; the phenomenon seems to work only when the tape is in a vacuum.
The applications for this new knowledge are kind of sketchy at this point. The research team thinks that it may be useful for making cheaper X-ray machines or even for aiding in nuclear fusion. Both seem a little far-fetched, but harnessing this little-understood physical phenomenon may even create new, unforeseen possibilities in the future.
Powerful x-rays made from sticky tape [ video ]


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am learning tasker and reading up tutorial on _URL_
If you look at the picture,
you can see the two same tasks "Set Widget Icon".
Is that a typo, or something I do not understand?
enter image description here
Also, what is the benefit of toggle? Why is the property ternary, not just off and on? Can you please help with a practical example?
Thanks much.
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Yes, that seems to be a typo: the conditions should be If %WIFI ~ on and If %WIFI!~ on (or If %WIFI ~ off).
The %WIFI variable can only be on or off, not toggle. But the Wifi action can be used to enable, disable or toggle Wifi, i.e. if Wifi is enabled, it will be disabled, and if Wifi is disabled, it will be enabled.
The example (minus the typo) talks about creating a "Toggle Wifi" widget: if Wifi is on and you click the icon, Wifi will be disabled and the icon will be changed to a "Wifi is off" icon. And if Wifi is off and you click the icon, Wifi will be enabled and the icon will be changed to a "Wifi is on" icon.
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text:
The outcrop of Pennsylvanian strata, shown on the geologic map, defines the limits of the Eastern and Western Kentucky Coal Fields (shown in gray on the physiographic map). The Western Kentucky Coal Field is smaller than its eastern counterpart. It comprises the southern edge of a larger geologic feature called the Illinois or Eastern Interior Basin, which includes the coal fields in Indiana and Illinois.
As in eastern Kentucky, the border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field and the Mississippi Plateau is commonly marked by an escarpment because thick Pennsylvanian-age sandstones are resistant to erosion. However, because this coal field is not adjacent to the Appalachian Mountains, and the sandstones are less continuous, the escarpment is not as dramatic as along the Cumberland Escarpment of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Pennyroyal State Park (pictured above) is located along the southern edge of the escarpment.


text:
What's The Real Story Behind the Term 'Kangaroo Court?'
Hopefully you'll never be tried by a kangaroo court. And no, that doesn't mean the jury will be made up of boxing marsupials.
A 'kangaroo court' is a law court set up to look like justice is being served, when in fact the proceedings are a farce, held only for the sake of appearances. It's also held in baseball clubhouses to hand down penalties for poor play. There seems to be several theories out there as to how this expression got started. Let's take a look at a few.
An Australian Origin?
Since kangaroos are found only in Australia, you would think the term does in fact come from Down Under. When settlers were first making their way across the Outback, they would hold 'hopper's courts' from time to time, when there was some legal trouble that needed resolving. 'Hopper' most likely refers to kangaroos, but unfortunately there is a lack of written documentation, or evidence, that proves this term was in fact used by early European pioneers in Australia, although many claim it was.
Animals That Likes To Stare
So what do kangaroos have in common with a jury of your peers? Well, apparently when a roo, or a boomer encounters a human being, it will halt in its tracks and gape blankly at the person in question for a long time, before eventually skipping off. Perhaps that vacant stare is reminiscent of the looks jurors get when they are mulling over the facts of a difficult case.
An American Origin
Americans in the 19th century knew about kangaroos, even if they'd never see one before, and their famed jumping abilities. It seems the term sprung into usage around the 1850s, during the California Gold Rush, to describe 'claim jumpers.' Claim jumpers were people who grabbed the land rights of others, especially mineral rights. Kangaroo courts might have been set up by those involved in the mining profession to deal with these jumpers.
Modern Day Kangaroo Courts
These days it seems you most often read about kangaroo courts when some dictator wants to give the appearance of serving justice, when in fact the decisions the 'court' will eventually arrive at have been decided well ahead of time. Perhaps the 'kangaroos' being referred to are simply the wild jumps in logical these types of proceedings tend to make.
Regardless of the true origins of this term, try not to become the defendant in one of these trials, because the ruling won't go in your favor. Best avoid tangles with the law in places where kangaroo courts prevail.


text:
Update[symbol] tells Mathematica that hidden changes have been made which could affect values associated with a symbol.
Update[ ] specifies that the value of any symbol could be affected.
Update manipulates internal optimization features of Mathematica. It should not need to be called except under special circumstances that rarely occur in practice.
One special circumstance is that changes in the value of one symbol can affect the value of another symbol by changing the outcome of Condition tests. In such cases, you may need to use Update on the symbol you think may be affected.
Using Update will never give you incorrect results, although it will slow down the operation of the system.
See Section 2.6.13.
New in Version 1.


Easy recording for team members makes all the difference when it comes to keeping books up to date.
 - The position and case in which a description is entered is irrelevant.
 - The first value found on the description is considered the value of the transaction.
 - The language in which records are entered is irrelevant.
Source accounts ( from/credit) and destination accounts (to/debit) are discovered by the Bookbot when entering its names, previous used descriptions, hashtags or location.
Note: the value entry depends on the books setting.
 Note: languages written RTL finish with the hash tag (on the left).
1) Description
Any text entered that is not recognized as an account, amount, date or command, will be recorded as description.
2) Amount
Example: 35.95
Records the amount, no matter the order, matching your book's settings for numbers.
Note: For a book with 2 fraction digits and comma separator, a record like "invoice 12345 value 12,34" the value considered will be 12,34, since it better matches the book's settings.
3) Hastags
 _TAG_ Records a tag
Note: Record a tag with a minus sign in front of it, e.g. -_TAG_, will make the system to forget about that tag, and not replace words or find accounts automatically based on that tag, until you use it again.
4) Dates
 05/21/2015 Records on this date.
 05/21 Records on this date of the current year.
 Note: the date format depends on your book settings.
5) Record Multiplier
Example: 4x
Records the entry (draft) the next four months on the same day.
Note: use letter "x" not the multiplier asterisk symbol. Note: This only works on the one line input, not on the form to post.
 Take a look at this example. I inserted: 4x 23/06 _TAG_ 43.00
Then, the transactions appeared on the book:
6) Attachment
Click on the paperclip to upload a file attachment to your record.
7) URL (link)
_URL_ Records a link to an external resource.
8) Putting it all together
205.00 01/01/2015 5x _TAG_ _TAG_
Records 5 drafts on the first day (01) of January till may, each with the value 205.00 and the description _TAG_ _TAG_
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Tolkien Gateway
Nardol was the third Beacon of Gondor. It stood on the broad end of a ridge of the White Mountains, west of the Drúadan Forest, and the guard station maintained there could create a huge signal fire when needed. It was well-stored with fuel and at need a great blaze could be lit. Its fire could be visible on a clear night even as far as the Halifirien (some 120 miles to the west). The guard of Nardol also protected the quarries.[1][2]
A line of hills ran from Nardol to Amon Dîn.[3]
[edit] Etymology
Nardol is Sindarin, meaning "fire-hilltop" (naur "fire" + dol "hill"), because its beacon-fire was so bright.[5]
Beacons of Gondor


text: Both safety and productivity in underground gassy coal mines can be improved substantially if an appropriate gas management system is introduced. A strong direct relationship exists between the gas emission rate, roof and floor strata relaxation zones characteristic, mining activities and gas drainage practices. Detailed knowledge of geological factors, gas and coal-rock properties, as well as mining systems are necessary for the methodology used in predicting overall underground gassiness, and planning gas capture and ventilation systems. Early gas emission calculations for various mining activities, particularly for the longwall mining system are essential. A reasonably accurate prediction of gas make as well as the design of ventilation, gas recovery (drainage holes) techniques can be made using 'Floorgas' and 'Roofgas' computer simulations, provided sufficient geological, mining, and gas data are made available.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I've a problem. I'm scrapping a txt file and extracting an ID. The problem is that the data is not consistent and I have to evaluate the data.
Here is some code:
$a = "34";
$b = " 45";
$c = "ddd556z";
if ( ) {
 echo "INTEGER";
} else{
 echo "STRING";
I need test if the values $a, $b or $c are Integers. What is the best way of doing this? I have tested to "trim" and the use "is_int" but is not working as expected.
Can someone give me some clues?
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as your data are all strings in this example you will show false when using is_int($a) (or $b or $c) What results are you expecting? $a and $b to be true? Then either cast to an int or use is_numeric() however note that floats, doubles and numbers using scientific notation will also show as true using is_numeric(). php.net/manual/en/function.is-numeric.php – billythekid Jun 13 '11 at 11:10
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3 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
The example below will work even if your "int" is a string $a = "number";
preg_match( '/^-?[0-9]+$/', $var ) // negative number © Piskvor
intval($var) == $var
or (same as last)
(int) $var == $var
share|improve this answer
-1 is not an integer? – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:09
Only the example with preg will not validate -1. All other will. – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:11
_USER_: Integers. Note the part about negative numbers - the OP didn't specify "positive integers", did he? ( /^-?[0-9]+$/ would work) – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:15
_USER_: I have wrote 4 example. Only the preg doens't match the negative number. do you think it is enough to give a -1?... anyway I have added your solution in my answer. +1 to you – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:17
_USER_: "Part of my answer is wrong, so what?" Well, that's definitely worthy of the highest negative integer. – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:19
show 1 more comment
$strings = array('1820.20', '10002', 'wsl!12');
foreach ($strings as $testcase) {
 if (ctype_digit($testcase)) {
 echo "The string $testcase consists of all digits.\n";
 } else {
 echo "The string $testcase does not consist of all digits.\n";
// will output
//The string 1820.20 does not consist of all digits.
//The string 10002 consists of all digits.
//The string wsl!12 does not consist of all digits.
share|improve this answer
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$a = 34;
if (is_int($a)) {
 echo "is integer";
} else {
 echo "is not an integer";
will not validate as int ;)
share|improve this answer
can't work because he has $a = "34"; – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:11
yeah, I have mentioned it also.. – Vamsi Jun 13 '11 at 11:13
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text:
.95 0.067 0.188 Turnips 0.93 0.034 0.130 Watermelons 0.94 0.034 0.110
Although a bushel of apples weighs about 45 pounds, we will assume a weight of 50 pounds to take into account the weight of the container, which must also be cooled. The amount of field heat that must be removed is:
0.87 Btu/lb X (80 F - 32 F) X 200 bu X 50 lb/bu = 417,600 Btu
Since the apples are to be cooled to 32 F in one day, the hourly field heat load is 417,600 Btu divided by 24 hours, or 17,400 Btu per hour.
On the last day of harvest, the storage facility will contain 1,800 bushels of cool apples and 200 bushels of fieldwarm apples. At this time the respiration heat load generated by the stored crop will be the largest. Table 5 shows that field-warm summer apples pro-duce about 0.340 Btu per pound per hour, whereas properly cooled summer apples produce only 0.018 Btu per pound per hour. Thus field-warm apples pro-duce nearly 19 times as much heat by respiration as do cool apples. Since the freshly harvested (warm) apples will be cooled to their proper storage temperature within one day, the heat of respiration used in the calculation will be the average of the values. The average is:
0.340 + 0.018 ------------- = 0.179 Btu/lb/hr 2
The weight, W, of the 1,800 bushels of cool apples is approximately:
W = 1,800 bu X 50 lb/bu = 90,000 lb
The heat of respiration of the cool apples, HRc, is:
HRc = 90,000 lb X 0.018 Btu/lb/hr = 1,620 Btu/hr
The weight, W, of the 200 bushels of warm apples is approximately:
W = 200 bu X 50 lb/bu = 10,000 lb
The average respiration rate, as given previously, is 0.179 Btu per pound per hour. Therefore the heat of respiration for the warm apples, HRw, is:
HRw = 10,000 lb X 0.179 Btu/hr = 1,790 Btu/hr
To obtain the total heat of respiration, HRt, we add the value for cool and warm apples:
HRt = 1,620 Btu/hr + 1,790 Btu/hr = 3,410 Btu/hr
SL = 0.10 X (6,504 + 17,400 + 3,410 Btu/hr) = 2,731 Btu/hr
The total heat load is the sum from all four sources, as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Total Heat Load for Example Cooling Facility
1. Heat conductance Walls 3,864 Ceiling 1,534 Floor 1,106 6,504 Btu/hr 2. Field heat 200 bushels per day at 80 F 17,400 Btu/hr 3. Heat of respiration 200 bushels warm apples 1,790 1,800 bushels cold apples 1,620 3,410 Btu/hr Subtotal 27,314 Btu/hr 4. Service load 10% of subtotal 2,731 Btu/hr Total heat load 30,045 Btu/hr
The approximate proportion of the total heat load contributed by each of the four sources is:
Heat conduction.... 21.6 percent Field heat....... 57.9 percent Heat of respiration.. 11.3 percent Service load...... 9.1 percent
As discussed previously, refrigeration systems are rated by how much heat they will move or displace in a given length of time. The standard unit of rating is the ton. Since 1 ton of refrigeration equals 288,000 Btu per 24 hours, or 12,000 Btu per hour, the refrigeration capacity, RC, for a unit that would just handle the heat load in the previous example under the conditions described would be:
30,061 Btu/hr RC = ----------------- 12,000 Btu/hr ton = 2.51 tons
A 2.51-ton refrigeration unit would need to run continuously to keep the temperature in this storage facility at 32 F under the conditions listed above. If the conditions used in this calculation were changed, a 2.51-ton unit could be either too large or too small to maintain the desired storage temperature. The capacity needed to maintain a temperature of 32 F would increase if:
For example, if harvesting were increased to 400 bushels of apples per day, the total heat load would increase to nearly 51,000 Btu per hour. A 4 1/4-ton unit running continuously would be required to maintain a storage temperature of 32 F under these conditions.
In practice, it is advisable in selecting a refrigeration system to add reserve capacity to the calculated rating as a protection against overloads. Of particular interest is the fact that refrigeration systems, for reasons to be discussed later, are operated for a total of only 16 to 20 hours per day. The total capacity of the system must be increased, therefore, to compensate for the "off time." For example, if the system described in the example were to operate for only 16 hours per day, it would need to be 24/16, or 1.5 times as large--that is, 3.77 tons instead of 2.51 tons.
Furthermore, it is good practice to increase the capacity of the system by a chilling rate factor. The rate at which heat is removed from the produce is not constant during the cycle but is greatest at the beginning. If the capacity of the system is not sufficient to overcome the thermal inertia of the produce, cooling time may increase above the specified limits for the product. To compensate, a chilling rate factor of 1.5 is applied to most fresh fruits and vegetables. This factor is applied in addition to the on-time factor. Thus the actual refrigeration system capacity, RC, required for the example facility would be:
RC = 2.51 X 1.5 X 1.5 = 5.65 tons
In the example, field heat accounts for 58.9 percent of the total heat load. Once field heat has been removed from the crop, much less refrigeration capacity is required to maintain the storage temperature. While 5.65 tons of refrigeration are needed to cool the apples in the example, about 2 1/2 tons are needed to maintain a constant temperature after they have reached 32 F. Therefore, anything that can be done to lower the temperature of the crop brought into the storage facility will significantly reduce the initial heat load, thus reducing the cost of the refrigeration equipment needed and the electrical energy to operate it.
Harvesting early or late in the day or even at night helps reduce refrigeration cost. Some large growers of highly perishable crops have started harvesting "under the lights" to reduce cooling costs and preserve quality. Although not usable for all crops, hydrocooling is an effective way to remove the first 20 to 30 degrees of heat quickly, lessening the load on the system. Even cooling with well water is a very energy efficient method of precooling produce before it is placed in the cooling room. Note, however, that some types of produce are sensitive to wetting, which encourages the growth of microorganisms.
If the 200 bushels of apples in the example facility were cooled just 20 F before entering the cooling room, the total heat load would be reduced to about 22,080 Btu per hour, or 26 percent. In this case, only 4.14 tons of refrigeration would be required instead of 5.65. Table 7 shows the calculations involved.
Table 7. Total Heat Load at a Field Temperature of 60 F
1. Heat conductance6,504 Btu/hr 2. Field heat 10,158 Btu/hr 3. Heat of respiration 3,410 Btu/hr ------------- Subtotal 20,072 Btu/hr 4. Service load 2,007 Btu/hr ------------- Total heat load 22,079 Btu/hr
Although doubling the insulation value in the walls, ceiling, and floor would reduce the heat conductance by one-half from 6,504 to 3,252 Btu per hour, the percentage reduction of the total heat load would be small. The only way to reduce the heat load substantially is to start the refrigeration cooling process with fruit as cool as possible.
Condensation and Humidity. The cooling coils of the refrigeration system (Figure 4) must be colder than the air in the room if the air is to be cooled. The larger the temperature difference, the greater the rate of heat transfer and the smaller (and less expensive) the cooling coils. However, the colder the coil surface, the more water vapor from the air will condense on the coils, either as a liquid or as ice. Evaporator coil condensation represents wasted refrigeration capacity and should be minimized. Allowing hot, humid air to enter the cooling room is particularly costly because the refrigeration system must not only cool the air but also condense the additional water


text:
Carbide Dies For Automotive Industry.by Sagar Chauhan Digital Marketing Analyst
In the recent years, there is a growth witnessed after a long time of recession in the automotive industry. Many instances tell us that the industry is still on its path of growth. Various automotive companies have stated openly their success in gaining optimum profits in the recent years. This success is attained on the global front and it is predicted that the automotive industry will grow more at a faster pace in the years to come. Investors have opened up new plants and refurbished the existing facilities. The reason behind the steady growth of this industry is the evolvement of new and more advanced technology and tools. The production in the domain of roll forming, metal stamping, and carbide dies have increased the demand for automotive equipment in the recent times. In the domain of dies, the automotive industry has taken many advantages. The formation of nuts and bolts is also done by using these dies. Let's gain more information about the main types of carbide dies for automotive industry by reading ahead!
Major Carbide Dies Types
Amongst other dies, there are only four major types of carbide dies that is beneficial for the automotive industry. These four carbide dies types are mentioned below:
· Carbide Drawing Dies: The main usage of the carbide drawing dies is the shaping of tube, rod, wire, and bar. The commonly used materials are aluminum, steel, and copper. These are usually used in the drawing procedure. And the material that is drawn includes stainless steel, carbon steel, and mild steel. Apart from the strong materials, the softer materials can also be drawn such as copper alloys and aluminum.
· Cold Forming Dies: These dies are used for cold forming. The cold metal slug is kept inside the dye and this metal is hit with a strong strike. This procedure of forcing the metal helps in achieving the desired shape. Moreover, the yield strength of the metal is also increased by this method. The cold forming dies are mainly used for various applications like bolts, screws, and other fasteners.
· Extrusion Dies: In order to form the cross section area, the extrusion dies are used for pushing the slug in the desired direction. If you are using these dies for pipes, tubing, or any such application, then a mandrel must be used. The procedure of extrusion can be performed at various temperatures on different types of dies. And, the resulting material after using the extrusion dies are copper, aluminum, steel, nickel, plastic, tin, and lead.
· Carbide Shaving Dies: When the drawing process is in process, there are certain surface defects. To rectify these defects, the carbide shaving dies are used. The process can be applied to different types of alloys like steel, aluminum, and copper alloys. Moreover, it is used in the process of rotary swaging.
Apart from the dies that are mentioned above, there are several other types of carbide dies available in the market. However, the aforementioned ones are major ones and can be found anywhere in the market. All you need to do is search for a trustworthy manufacturer of the carbide dies for automotive industry.
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