text:
Emil von Sydow
(July 15, 1812 - October 13, 1873) was a German geographer
born in Freiberg, Saxony
. Early in his career he was a geography
instructor at the military academy in Erfurt
, and in 1867 became director of statistics and geography to the Prussian General Staff.
Emil von Sydow is considered to be the founder of methodical school cartography
, and was known for creating his own wall maps for classroom instruction. In 1838 he produced a physical map of Asia in his Schulmethodischer Wand Atlas
(Methodic Wall Atlas for Schools), which was soon followed by maps of other continents. On these maps, von Sydow developed a color methodology for landscape features using hachures
, where green was depicted for lowlands and brown used for highlands. Wilhelm Perthes of the publishing firm "Justus Perthes
Geographische Anstalt Gotha" was impressed with von Sydow's work and in 1849 produced the latter's Schulatlas in sechsunddreigig Karten
(Schoolatlas in 36 maps), which eventually ran to 39 editions in 1887.
After von Sydow's death, Hermann Wagner
(_PHONE_), a geography professor at Göttingen
designed the Sydow-Wagner Methodischer Schulatlas
(Sydow-Wagner Methodical School Atlas) with 60 major and 50 inset maps.
- Origins of School Cartography


text:
The violence risk appraisal guide (VRAG) is an actuarial instrument that assesses the risk of further violence among men or women who have already committed criminal violence. On average, it has yielded a large effect in the prediction of violent recidivism in more than three dozen separate replications, including several different countries, a wide range of follow-up times, several operational definitions of violence, and many offender populations. It is the most empirically supported actuarial method for the assessment of violence risk in forensic populations.
The VRAG is a 12-item actuarial instrument that assesses the risk of violent recidivism among men apprehended for criminal violence. It was developed on 618 male violent offenders assessed pretrial in a secure psychiatric hospital; about half of them returned later for treatment, whereas the others were imprisoned. Most of the approximately 50 variables considered for the VRAG had predicted criminal or violent recidivism in previous research, and a few were nominated by clinicians. All variables were scored from institutional records by researchers blind to outcomes and were from four domains: childhood history, adult adjustment, referral offense details and circumstances, and assessment results. The outcome was whether, according to criminal records, there was a criminal charge for subsequent violence in an average of 7 years' access to the community; 31% of the offenders met this recidivism criterion.
Many candidate variables predicted recidivism, but multiple regression selected the best combination for the VRAG. Several steps maximized the likelihood that the VRAG's predictive validity would replicate— requiring that each item uniquely predict violence, ensuring the inclusion of items from all four domains, and requiring that items predict recidivism in each of several subsamples (randomly selected halves, treated and imprisoned subjects) plus the entire sample. Item weights were based on the bivariate relationship between each item and recidivism. The VRAG items in descending order of the weights are the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, elementary school maladjustment, a diagnosis of personality disorder, age (negatively related), having been separated from one or both parents prior to 16 years of age, failure on a prior conditional release, nonviolent offense history, never having married, a diagnosis of schizophrenia (negatively related), victim injury in the referral offense (negatively related), alcohol abuse, and not having a female victim in the referral offense. The VRAG can be used when as many as 4 items are missing and scored by prorating.
The VRAG predicted violent recidivism in the development sample with a high degree of accuracy— the area under the relative operating characteristic (ROC) was.76. (The ROC area is a measure of effect size equivalent to the common language effect size— the probability with which a randomly chosen violent recidivist will have a higher score than a randomly chosen nonrecidivist.)
The original sample (plus additional men who had not been released at the time) was followed again at 10 years' average opportunity. The violent recidivism rate was.43 and the ROC area.74. There have been more than 36 replications with non-overlapping samples, and the VRAG's average ROC area is.72—a large effect by conventional standards. Under optimal conditions (high reliability; not dropping, replacing, or modifying items; fixed and equal follow-up durations), the VRAG yields ROC areas of approximately.85. The VRAG has been shown to generalize across outcomes (number of violent re-offenses, institutional violence, very serious violence, self-reported violence, general recidivism, overall severity of violent recidivism, rapidity of violent failure), follow-up times (12 weeks to 10 years); countries (seven in North America and Europe), and offender populations (mentally disordered offenders, sexual aggressors, violent felons, developmentally delayed sex offenders, emergency psychiatric patients, wife assaulters, and juvenile offenders). Some data suggest the VRAG predicts violence among women, but there are few studies on this.
The VRAG scores range from -26 to +38; the mean in the development sample was 0.91 (SD = 12.9), and the standard error of measurement was 4.1. Each score has been associated with one of nine categories, each with a known likelihood of violent recidivism in 7 years and increasing linearly from 0% in the lowest category to 100% in the highest. There are also norms for 10 years of opportunity. Each VRAG score is associated with a particular percentile so that the violence risk of an individual assessee is evaluated according to his or her standing relative to a large sample of violent offenders. Replications of the VRAG have generally reported that the obtained rates of violent recidivism matched the predicted likelihoods for each category. If the average score of the sample is similar, the follow-up duration is approximately the same as for the norms, and the outcome is operationalized similarly.
The recommended basis for scoring the VRAG for research and individual assessment is a comprehensive psychosocial history addressing childhood conduct, family background, antisocial and criminal behavior, psychological problems, and details of offenses. Adequate psychosocial histories include more than past and present psychiatric symptoms and rely on collateral information (i.e., material gathered from friends, family, schools, correctional facilities, the police, and the courts). Scoring the VRAG is not a clinical task in its typical sense because it does not require contact between the assessor and the person being assessed. Nevertheless, compiling the required psychosocial history clearly is a clinical task, and expertise is required to score VRAG items from psychosocial histories.
The VRAG scores are static inasmuch as they do not change with time or treatment (although they might change when rescored after offenders commit further violent offenses). Current research is aimed at identifying which changes in personal characteristics or circumstances make a valid additional contribution to the assessment of violence risk based on static variables. At this point, however, no such "dynamic" variables have been identified in assessing which offenders are at risk of committing violence. There is some evidence that they might aid in predicting when violence is imminent. In concurrent testing, actuarial tools such as the VRAG have consistently outperformed structured and unstructured clinical judgment. Although requiring resources and expertise, the VRAG is the most accurate and empirically supported actuarial method for assessing the risk of violent recidivism in forensic populations.
- Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 315-335.
- Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Cormier, C. A. (2006). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk (2nd ed). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (1995). Violent recidivism: Assessing predictive validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 737-748.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
ade event (like sending stuff to the Citadel or salvaging ruins) have been replaced by objectives tied to the new decision tags (Empathy, Corruption, Loyalty).
- Removed Infused Tools from the game.
- Increased the production speed of Tools from 112/98/84 seconds to 90/75/60 seconds (T1/T2/T3).
- Increased the time limit for all glade events by around 30%.
- Changed the Calming the Forest perk. Now every Glade Event solved by making a decision marked as Empathy lowers Hostility by 40.
- Removed the Forest Mitigation perk and added Frequent Patrols instead. Every Glade Event solved by making a decision marked as Loyalty lowers Hostility by 10.
- Removed the Infused Tools recipe from the Finesmith. Added the Simple Tools recipe instead (tier 3).
- Removed the Infused Tools recipe from the Rainpunk Foundry. Added a Wildfire recipe instead.
- Changed the rewards in 3 Deeds.
- The Scarlet Orchard – removed the experience reward, added the Thorny Reed decoration.
- Bandit Camp – removed the experience reward, added the Cages decoration.
- Trade Baron – removed the experience reward, added the Chest decoration.
- Moved the Tool Hoarder Deed (win a game with Infused Tools in the storage) to the Legacy category (the Deed is no longer active).
- Moved the Meat Specialization perk unlock from level 2 to level 3.
- ⚡ Added small objective icons to some Orders.
- Until now, objectives such as sacrificing, delivering, selling, or producing goods all had the same icon – namely the icon of the resource they were referencing.
- To help players recognize objectives at a glance, we added small, flat icons to the upper right corner of the objective icon.
- There are 7 objective icons right now: changing ingredients, delivering goods, fulfilling needs, fulfilling needs at the same time, producing goods, sacrificing resources, and selling goods.
- ⚡ Added a suffix to Hostility modifiers on the World Map and in the Training/Daily Expeditions UI, explaining that Hostility scales based on the difficulty level.
- ⚡ Added a progress tracker to the Petrified Necropolis modifier.
- ⚡ Changed the name of the Resolve effect applied by the Greater Threat Forest Mystery. It's now also called "Greater Threat" to avoid confusion.
- ⚡ Changed the description of the positive effect from the Converted Altar of Decay to also include leaving villagers (and not just dead ones).
- ⚡ Updated the biome descriptions for the Royal Woodlands and Marshlands.
- ⚡ Added information about how to unlock Rain Engines in the Rainpunk entry in the in-game Encyclopedia.
- Updated the Glade Event entry in the in-game Encyclopedia.
- ⚡ Fixed an issue that caused the game to sometimes crash/freeze when Twitch Integration was active.
- ⚡ Goods sold via trade routes are now correctly counted towards order completion (for objectives that require selling certain resources).
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Destroyed Caravan Glade Event's negative effect being permanent.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the recipe panel not displaying the correct values after loading saved limits (while in search mode).
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Clan Hall rotating by itself when destroyed by lightning.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Master Archaeologist Deed not completing if the game was won by finishing the last Archaeological Discovery.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Blight Infection Forest Mystery being drawn in games without Corruptiona active.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with Orders requiring the fulfillment of certain needs simultaneously not taking unlocked buildings into account.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Night's Embrace effect spawning lesser effects without a name or description on the game's HUD.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with Advanced Herbalism perk being offered to the player even if they didn't have the corresponding building.
- ⚡ Fixed a but with idle Automatons showing an incorrect water type being produced.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Corrupted Caravan tooltip showing incorrect values on the Prestige 10 difficulty.
- ⚡ Fixed an issue with the Lightning Forest Mystery having incorrect information in its description.
- ⚡ Fixed an issue with the Large Baskets perk having an incorrect rarity assigned.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Blight Incantation effect showing an incorrect expected gain value.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Lightning Forest Mystery being drawn in biomes without copper deposits.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with the Converted Altar of Decay missing a "Harmony" tag (and the tag being present on the effect instead of the decoration).
- ⚡ Fixed holes in the geometry of the Open Vault Glade Event.
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with debuff icons above villagers' heads appearing too soon.
- ⚡ Improved the Korean translation of the Move On button in the ESC menu.
- ⚡ Improved the Simplified Chinese translation of multiple lines in the game (multiple perk descriptions, favoring, upgrade descriptions, etc.).
- ⚡ Fixed a few typos in the Portuguese version of the game (tutorial text, Hostility effect).
- ⚡ Fixed a bug with some Chinese characters not being displayed correctly in search bars and text boxes.
- Fixed a bug with smoke effects casting shadows.
- ⚡ Added a new music track to the Coral Forest (during Clearance).
- Added new animations (talking, carrying out rituals, fixing, threatening) to scout units when solving glade events. Also repurposed some existing animations to be used by scouts.
- Changed the name of Simple Tools to just Tools.
Check out the latest community memes on Steam:
Fishman Soothsayer Update available!
Greetings, Viceroys! Our new reports speak of the Fishman Soothsayer. He does not speak, though you can hear his voice. His eyes are blank, yet you...
Experimental Update (World Map Overhaul – Cycle & Seals)
Greetings, Viceroys! As we hinted in the last update notes, we decided to focus the next phase of the Early Access on the meta layer and World Map...
Discover Forest Treasures in the new Update!
It's Thursday, My Viceroys! Pack some jerky and put your favorite raincoats on - it's time to settle new lands! Remember, fortune favors the bold,...


text:
Questions about multiple colors or channels gradually blended together. A rainbow is an example of a natural gradient.
A gradient is the outcome of blending multiple colors or channels gradually together. A rainbow is an example of a gradient.
The most common types of gradients are linear, radial, angle, reflected and diamond:
Web 2.0 gradients
"Web 2.0" gradients are usually described as either:
- Sharp gradients, ie. gradients that have a color stop between two colors without any blending (see e.g. the angle gradient at 12 o'clock under "Common types").
⇒ To make the object look glossy.
- Subtle gradients, where colors either blend very slowly or where the blended colors are close together.
⇒ To give the object texture.
Some examples of gradients that could be described as "web 2.0 gradients":
Using transparency instead of a color gives the image/object a fading effect:
(Image by _USER_)


text:
NASA has announced that Johnson Space Center and Texas A&M University will sign an agreement on Monday to begin the move of the primary space shuttle launch and landing trainer, the Shuttle Motion Simulator, to College Station:
The NASA-Texas A&M partnership will allow the university to house and showcase unique space shuttle training artifacts. The Shuttle Motion Simulator provided a full-motion simulation of shuttle launches and landings for every crew that flew on the shuttle. It began operations at JSC in 1977 and was used in training for all 135 space shuttle missions.
The facility that housed the shuttle simulators at JSC continues to be used for International Space Station training. This partnership will help ensure that this unique historical artifact and the space shuttle training technology it represents is preserved and used to inspire future engineers. JSC welcomes opportunities for such partnerships that find areas of common interest of benefit to both parties.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Our teams have been working to develop tools to make it easier for people to track election-related information. A few months back, YouTube encouraged everyone to participate in the discussion process through the CNN/YouTube debates, Google Checkout offered an easy and fast way for individuals to make contributions to political candidates, and the Geo team created maps and layers to inform voters during elections.
Today, the Google speech team (part of Google Research) is launching the Google Elections Video Search gadget, our modest contribution to the electoral process. With the help of our speech recognition technologies, videos from YouTube's Politicians channels are automatically transcribed from speech to text and indexed. Using the gadget you can search not only the titles and descriptions of the videos, but also their spoken content. Additionally, since speech recognition tells us exactly when words are spoken in the video, you can jump right to the most relevant parts of the videos you find. Here's a look:
In addition to providing voters with election information, we also hope to find out more about how people use speech technology to search and consume videos, and to learn what works and what doesn't, to help us improve our products.
The gadget only searches videos uploaded to YouTube's Politicians channels, which include videos from Senator Obama's and Senator McCain's campaigns, as well as those from dozens of other candidates and politicians. It usually takes less than a few hours for a video to appear in the index after it has been published on YouTube. Candidates can control the videos that appear in the gadget by managing the content they upload to YouTube. While some of the transcript snippets you see may not be 100% accurate, we hope that you'll find the product useful for most purposes. Speech recognition is a difficult problem that hasn't yet been completely solved, but we're constantly working to refine our algorithms and improve the accuracy and relevance of these transcribed results.
To try it out, just visit our iGoogle gadget page. We welcome your feedback, so please feel free to leave a comment while you're there.


text:
I know that cooking can be a grueling task, and as cooks we try to take shortcuts whenever possible. One of the main ones being the use of commercial cooking sprays. I understand that taking the time to drizzle oil onto a surface and spread it evenly takes precious time, but I assure you that out of all the shortcuts one can take when cooking this should NOT be one of them.
Do you know exactly what is in that expensive little can of air besides cooking oil? Let's step back and take a good look at it: what does the can remind you of?
Okay okay. So the ingredients aren't the same, but they do involve some sort of chemical propellant to release the spray from the can. It is even listed on the can of cooking spray:
Even the "all natural" PAM contains propellant. (and corn..GMO much?)
What is propellant exactly?
*Propellants are vaporized into pressurized gas. They are used to make
carbonated drinks, whipped cream and cooking-oil spray. The function of a
propellant is to incorporate pressurized gas into the product. A
propellant is a substance that produces gas under pressure. Liquid
propellants, such as nitrous oxide, are used in food. Propellants in asthma sprays are known to be one of the causes of
coughing and bronchospasms. Propellants are known to have carcinogenic
properties. Excess consumption and usage is unhealthy.
EWW! I don't know about you, but I don't want pressurized gasses in my food. Upon further research, I discovered that the main use of propellants is for rocket and other similar fuels. Not something I want on my pancakes.
Yeah, yeah. The MSDA says it is safe! But Monsanto and the FDA say that GMO's are okay as well as rBST growth hormones, etc. I say, trust your instinct. Honestly, if it isn't USDA organic certified, I don't trust it.
If you need some more reasons to chuck that can into the trash and never look back, I will give you my top 3:
1. Cooking sprays contain unhealthy additives.
Who intentionally adds nasty ingredients like soy
lecithin, mono/diglycerides, dimethylpolysiloxane, dimethyl
silicone, or artificial flavors to their food? Well.. If you are using PAM or something similar, that is EXACTLY what you are doing, especially when opting for artificially flavored
varieties, like butter.
2. Cooking sprays typically contain genetically modified organisms AKAGMO's and non sustainable ingredients.
The vast majority of the ingredients contained in cooking spray are derived from genetically modified seeds, which have
been altered so that growers can use more pesticides :( Genetically Modified foods tend to contain much higher levels of pesticides than conventional
crops, therefore increasing the risks of these already dangerous chemicals.
3. Cooking sprays are bad for the environment.
Cooking sprays are unfriendly to the environment for several reasons. First, all of them contain unspecified propellants (I hate that certain ingredients don't have to be fully disclosed), usually nitrous oxide. Nitrous Oxide is a greenhouse gas, doesn't break down easily, and may impact our environment for decades. Secondly is the sheer amount of waste from using such products. I find it to be unnecessary. These cans are not as easy to recycle, and often deter users from doing so after finishing the product. Also, recycling is not a solid solution as it in itself creates a ton of pollution and uses a lot of energy.
"But what can I do about it.." you ask? Simple! Do what our ancestors did and take the time to wipe the vessel down by hand. This way, you can use whichever oil you prefer. If you are steadfast of using a spray, search online for a refillable one!
As a general rule for myself, I don't buy anything ConAgra. Even if it is organic, I don't feel as if they deserve my money. Not until they clean up their act!


9 Additional Configuration Steps For Using Nonintegrated Replicat
This chapter contains instructions that are specific only to Replicat when operating in nonintegrated mode. When Replicat operates in nonintegrated mode, triggers, cascade constraints, and unique identifiers must be properly configured in an Oracle GoldenGate environment.
This chapter is a supplement to the basic configuration requirements that are documented in Configuring Oracle GoldenGate Apply.
9.1 Disabling Triggers and Referential Cascade Constraints on Target Tables
Triggers and cascade constraints must be disabled on Oracle target tables when Replicat is in nonintegrated mode.
Oracle GoldenGate provides some options to handle triggers or cascade constraints automatically, depending on the Oracle version:
 - For Oracle and later 11gR2 versions, Replicat automatically disables the work performed by triggers during its session. It does not disable a trigger, but instead prevents the trigger body from executing. The WHEN portion of the trigger must still compile and execute correctly to avoid database errors. To enable triggers to fire, or to disable them manually, use the NOSUPPRESSTRIGGERS option of DBOPTIONS and place the statement after the USERIDALIAS parameter. To allow a specific trigger to fire, you can use the following database procedure, where trigger_owner is the owner of the trigger and trigger_name is the name of the trigger. Once the procedure is called with FALSE for a particular trigger, it remains set until the procedure is called with TRUE.
 - dbms_ddl.set_trigger_firing_property(trigger_owner "trigger_name", FALSE)
 - For Oracle and later 11gR2 versions, you can use the DBOPTIONS parameter with the DEFERREFCONST option to delay the checking and enforcement of cascade update and cascade delete constraints until the Replicat transaction commits.
 - For other Oracle versions, you must disable triggers and integrity constraints or alter them manually to ignore the Replicat database user.
Constraints must be disabled in nonintegrated Replicat mode because Oracle GoldenGate replicates DML that results from the firing of a trigger or a cascade constraint. If the same trigger or constraint gets activated on the target table, it becomes redundant because of the replicated version, and the database returns an error. Consider the following example, where the source tables are emp_src and salary_src and the target tables are emp_targ and salary_targ.
 1. A delete is issued for emp_src.
 2. It cascades a delete to salary_src.
 3. Oracle GoldenGate sends both deletes to the target.
 4. The parent delete arrives first and is applied to emp_targ.
 5. The parent delete cascades a delete to salary_targ.
 6. The cascaded delete from salary_src is applied to salary_targ.
 7. The row cannot be located because it was already deleted in step 5.
9.2 Deferring Constraint Checking on Target Tables
When Replicat is in nonintegrated mode, you may need to defer constraint checking on the target.
Perform the following steps to defer the constraints:
 1. If constraints are DEFERRABLE on the source, the constraints on the target must also be DEFERRABLE. You can use one of the following parameter statements to defer constraint checking until a Replicat transaction commits:
 - Use SQLEXEC at the root level of the Replicat parameter file to defer the constraints for an entire Replicat session.
 SQLEXEC ("alter session set constraint deferred")
 - Use the Replicat parameter DBOPTIONS with the DEFERREFCONST option to delay constraint checking for each Replicat transaction.
 2. You might need to configure Replicat to overcome integrity errors caused by transient primary-key duplicates. Transient primary-key duplicates are duplicates that occur temporarily during the execution of a transaction, but are resolved by transaction commit time. This kind of operation typically uses a SET x = x+n formula or some other manipulation that shifts values so that a new value equals an existing one.
 The following illustrates a sequence of value changes that can cause a transient primary-key duplicate if constraints are not deferred. The example assumes the primary key column is CODE and the current key values (before the updates) are 1, 2, and 3.
 update item set code = 2 where code = 1;
 update item set code = 3 where code = 2;
 update item set code = 4 where code = 3;
In this example, when Replicat applies the first update to the target, there is an ORA-00001 (unique constraint) error because the key value of 2 already exists in the table. The Replicat transaction returns constraint violation errors. By default, Replicat does not handle these violations and abends.
9.2.1 Handling Transient Primary-key Duplicates in Versions Earlier than
To handle transient primary-key duplicates in versions earlier than, use the Replicat parameter HANDLETPKUPDATE. In this configuration, a nonintegrated Replicat handles transient primary-key updates by temporarily deferring constraints. To support this functionality, you must create or alter the constraints as DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE on the target tables. If the constraints are not DEFERRABLE, Replicat handles the errors according to rules that are specified with the HANDLECOLLISIONS and REPERROR parameters, if they exist, or else it abends.
9.2.2 Handling Transient Primary-key Duplicates in Version or Later
For versions later than, a nonintegrated Replicat by default tries to resolve transient primary-key duplicates automatically by using a workspace in Oracle Workspace Manager. In this configuration, Replicat can defer the constraint checking until commit time without requiring the constraints to be explicitly defined as deferrable.
The requirements for automatic handling of transient primary-key duplicates are:
 - Grant the Replicat database user access to the following Oracle function:
 - The target tables cannot have deferrable constraints; otherwise Replicat returns an error and abends.
To handle tables with deferrable constraints, make certain the constraints are DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE, and use the HANDLETPKUPDATE parameter in the MAP statement that maps that table. The HANDLETPKUPDATE parameter overrides the default of handling the duplicates automatically.The use of a workspace affects the following Oracle GoldenGate error handling parameters:
When Replicat enables a workspace in Oracle Workspace Manager, it ignores the error handling that is specified by Oracle GoldenGate parameters such as HANDLECOLLISIONS and REPERROR. Instead, Replicat aborts its grouped transaction (if BATCHSQL is enabled), and then retries the update in normal mode by using the active workspace. If ORA-00001 occurs again, Replicat rolls back the transaction and then retries the transaction with error-handling rules in effect again.
If Replicat encounters ORA-00001 for a non-update record, the error-handling parameters such as HANDLECOLLISIONS and REPERROR handle it.
A workspace cannot be used if the operation that contains a transient primary-key duplicate also has updates to any out-of-line columns, such as LOB and XMLType. Therefore, these cases are not supported, and any such cases can result in undetected data corruption on the target. An example of this is:
update T set PK = PK + 1, C_LOB = 'ABC';


text:
It is always tricky when you have Identity column and that is a Primary Key for the table.
Based on my experience dealing with T-Rep and Merge, I would recommend to use
NOT FOR REPLICATION to NO. By default it is set to YES. You can do it on sql 2005 and up dynamically (without affecting replication) using
If you are not updating the data on subscriber side, you should be fine.
To answer your question :
Say we were to reseed an Identity Column on a Table on Server A (for whatever reason), how would this affect the data on Server B?
Considering, you are not updating the data on subscriber, when you want to reseed, you should always take the max value from the identity column and then reseed the value accordingly.
You can use below sql to find that out :
SELECT QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name) AS TableName,
c.name AS ColumnName,
IDENT_CURRENT(SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) + '.' + t.name) AS CurrentIdentityValue,
IDENT_INCR (SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) + '.' + t.name) as Identity_increment
FROM sys.columns AS c
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t ON t.[object_id] = c.[object_id]
WHERE c.is_identity = 1
-- write here the table name if you want to filter for specific table
and t.name like '%TABLE_NAME%'
for example consider below customer table :
TableName ColumnName CurrentIdentityValue Identity_increment
[dbo].[customer] id 7 1
Now if you want to somehow reseed the identity value, you can run
dbcc checkident ('customer',reseed,8 )
This means that it will set the current Identity value to 8, so next time any row is inserted into the table, it will have current identity value as 8 (CurrentIdentityValue) + 1(Identity_increment) = 9.
You have to be careful doing this as this can cause identity gaps.
Other things you can do are :
- Manual identity range management solutions using
sp_addaritcle with parameters like
_USER_,_USER_ and _USER_
Read up on :
- The identity crisis in replication - by Hilary Cotter
- All about "Identity Range Management" - by Chris Skorlinski


text:
Why ABX Testing Usually
Produces Null Results with Human Subjects
ABX testing has been extremely controversial since it was introduced decades ago. It is my hope to put this testing protocol in its final resting place by combining its sad history coupled the difference between how humans perceive sound and how ABX testing actually is applied.
The "X" in the ABX is either A or B, randomly selected, the listener needs to identify whether that "X" is "A" or "B". Unfortunately human beings do not have the ability to compare three sonic events sequentially. One must keep a sonic memory of sample "A" they just listened to so they can compare it to the sample "B" and then listen to "X" and try to decide if it sounds more like "A" or "B". It is the introduction of this third sound that makes it impossible for human beings since we can compare two different sounds as long as we don't wait too long however our sonic memory cannot juggle three no matter how many times one is allowed to go back and forth. Thus ABX tests usually get null results, and cause listening fatigue.
The better way to do this is to play "A" in a relaxed setting for an entire piece of music, at least five minutes and then play the same piece of music with "B" and then ask not if they sound different, but instead which one did you like? This is how most people shop for stereo equipment. Thus, it is not the methodology of ABX tests I object to, but instead their very existence.
Since the introduction of ABX double blind testing protocols many decades ago I have known they were complete and utter frauds and that is one reason I started my print newsletter in the 1980's and later my blog "The Audio Iconoclast" _URL_
From its purpose statement "The Audio Iconoclast will challenge many deeply held beliefs in both the audio and musical communities. In music and its reproduction explaining what one hears when it is not directly measurable is not easy, the common practice is to dismiss it. This is wrong! In our world of music enjoyment there are subjectivists "music listeners" and objectivists "audio scientists" who try to measure phenomenon. Music listeners believe what they hear with their ears. Audio scientists do not believe what they hear unless they can quantify and measure it. If they cannot measure it, it does not exist and they convince themselves they are not hearing what they hear! My quest is to show the wisdom of enjoying the sound of music and accepting what one hears, even if it cannot be scientifically proven."
For example SACD would have replaced CD by now if not for ABX tests and pseudo-scientific studies in AES papers. Anyone possessing a pair of ears on the sides of their head can clearly hear the huge difference between low and high resolution for themselves however too many of them have been brainwashed not to believe their own ears and instead rely on these pseudo-scientists who over the years with ABX double-blind testing have proven:
1) All amplifiers sound the same.
2) All CD players sound the same.
3) A coat hanger sounds the same as an expensive interconnect.
4) MP3 sounds the same as CD.
5) CD sounds the same as SACD.
6) High resolution PCM sounds the same as DSD.
Remember the infamous 1987 blind listening test conducted by Stereo Review that concluded that a pair of Mark Levinson monoblocks, an output-transformerless tubed amplifier, and a $220 Pioneer receiver were all sonically identical?
Or perhaps you remember the ABX test that was likely the most damaging to these pseudo-scientists, comparing a known audibly defective amplifier to a perfectly working one? All listeners were able not only to hear the defect in the amplifier but able to describe it's distorted sound under normal listening conditions. However using ABX testing protocols none were able to identify the difference between the defective and the working amplifier with any statistical significance, thus proving beyond a shadow of a doubt that ABX testing does not work. In addition I am sure none of the participants would be willing to take home the defective amplifier, I am quite sure they would all want the perfect working one!
ABX double-blind testing should be banned by all intelligent people as the absolute scam it is. If one cannot prove the differences people experience every day of their lives when listening to music they love then any such tests are total and complete failures. But more dangerous than that they are hurting the sales of superior audio equipment, superior recordings and the musical satisfaction of gullible music lovers who believe these tests instead of their own ears because of the scientific garb they are dressed in. It is time for the real motives of the anti-high resolution crowd be revealed and their rhetoric buried forever so the masses can actually listen to high resolution with unbiased ears!
In summery ABX double-blind testing does not prove that everything sounds the same as real sonic differences are easily heard in casual listening. No, instead what ABX double-blind testing proves is that human subjects do not have the ability to compare three sonic events sequentially with any statistically significance, revealing a deficiency in short-term sonic memories of our species.
I believe even the most golden-eared audiophiles would not be able to identify differences with any statistical accuracy between an MP3 music file and a professional master recording using ABX double-blind testing protocols. This does not mean we should all only listen to MP3s on the cheapest stereos we can find, quite the contrary it means that we should enjoy the highest resolution music possible on audio equipment that we have determined to sound the best using our ears in standard casual listening evaluations.
Blind Listening Tests are Flawed: An Editorial by Robert Harley


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Learning to self-feed is an important developmental milestone, and the ezpz Mini Utensils are designed to help toddler learn how to eat with a spoon (scooping) and fork (piercing). The Mini Spoon and Fork are the most functional, developmentally appropriate toddler utensils on the market.
- Narrow spoon bowl / fork prongs safely fits toddler's mouth
- Strong nylon head for easy scooping + piercing
- Sensory bumps and raised rim provide sensory awareness
- Non-slip grip and short, fat, round handle makes grasping more successful
- Bumps on the bottom of the utensil stabilize the spoon / fork when at rest


Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
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Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
Civilian casualties on June 16, 1955
Date June 16, 1955 (1955-06-16)
Location Plaza de Mayo
Participants Argentine Naval Aviation
Argentine Air Force
Outcome Failed coup
Deaths 150-364[1]
At 12:40 pm, a number of aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force strafed and bombed Plaza de Mayo square in Buenos Aires, in what remains to this day the largest aerial bombing ever on the Argentine mainland. The attack targeted the adjacent Casa Rosada, the official seat of government, as a large crowd was expressing support for president Juan Perón. The strike took place during a day of official public demonstrations to condemn the burning of a national flag allegedly carried out by detractors of Perón during the recent procession of Corpus Christi. The action was to be the first step in an eventually aborted coup d'état.
Thirty-four Argentine Naval Aviation and Air Force airplanes, consisting of 22 North American AT-6, five Beechcraft AT-11, three Consolidated PBY Catalina flying boats, and four Air Force Gloster Meteor joined the attack.
A total of 9.5 tonnes of ordnance were dropped, killing 150-364[2] (mostly civilians) and injuring more than 800. Fire ceased at 5:20 pm local time. Three planes were shot down by hastily-mounted anti-aircraft guns. Nineteen Mounted Grenadiers, members of the presidential guard, were killed in action. One AT-6 was shot down by a loyal Gloster Meteor over the Río de la Plata.
Meanwhile, Argentine marines attempted an assault on Casa Rosada, but were repelled by loyal forces. The rebels withdrew towards the premises of the Ministry of the Navy, where they were forced to surrender in the evening along with the leader of the ill-fated coup, Vice-Admiral Samuel Toranzo Calderón. His second in command, Vice-Admiral Benjamín Gargiulo, committed suicide.
That night, angry crowds burnt down eight churches and a cathedral.
After the failure of the intended coup (as neither the Army nor the bulk of the Air Force joined in), the pilots received orders to fly towards Uruguay and ask for asylum.
In September of that year, the bulk of the armed forces would join in the Revolución Libertadora, which overthrew president Perón and started a period of military rule that ended in the 1958 presidential elections, won by Arturo Frondizi of the UCRI. Even though the Peronist party was not allowed to enter the ballot, Frondizi's victory was influenced by Perón's instructions to his loyal base, given from his exile in Madrid, to tactically vote for Frondizi.
One of the naval pilots who took part in the bombings, Máximo Rivero Kelly was promoted and was second-in-command of the Argentine Navy during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín. He claims the naval pilots aimed to hit the presidential palace but that one aircraft missed, causing about 20 killed among the civilians.[3]
Bullet and shrapnel marks are still visible on some buildings on the south side of the square as of 2013.
See also[edit]
Coordinates: 34°36′30″S 58°22′19″W / 34.60833°S 58.37194°W / -34.60833; -58.37194
 1. ^ Bombas sobre Buenos Aires: Gestación y desarollo del bombardeo aéreo sobre la Plaza de Mayo del 16 de junio de 1955, Daniel E. Cichero, p.163, Vergara Grupo Zeta, 2005.
 3. ^ Testimonios del Bombardeo


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This study quantifies the sensitivity to the soft tissue artefacts of three open-source musculoskeletal models implemented in OpenSim.
Musculoskeletal models estimates can be heavily affected by the soft tissue artefact (STA) when input positional data are obtained using stereophotogrammetry. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity to the STA of three open-source musculoskeletal models and relevant tools, implemented in OpenSim. To this purpose, a baseline dataset of marker trajectories was created using point kinematics for each model from experimental data of one healthy volunteer's gait. Five hundred STA realizations were then statistically generated using a marker-dependent model of the pelvis and lower limb artefact and added to the baseline data. The STA's impact on the musculoskeletal model estimates of an inverse dynamics pipeline (joint angles, joint moments, and muscle and joint contact forces) was finally quantified using a Monte Carlo analysis.


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We explore the theme of Symbols in Melbourne's CBD through the medium of street art, cultural typography and iconic architecture focusing on lines of inquiry, key concepts and questions. We also provide an activity for students where they also create their own piece of street, art, signage or symbolism in the lanes.
People use symbols to be expressive and communicate.
Lines of Inquiry:
– why people use symbolism.
– how specific groups use symbolism.
– What is a symbol?
– How are symbols created?
– Why do groups use symbols?
– How can we use symbolism to express ideas?
Our Primary school kids had a wonderful time despite the wet weather and also gained an understanding of how important places can become symbolic over time. They also loved the art work and and lanes and symbols and many are keen to follow up with further work…
Footscray Primary School


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Gap Funding
The Monroe Foundation specializes in 'gap funding'.
Educational research studies have highlighted that many students are unable to begin or complete their educational studies for lack of smaller amounts of balances that remain after all other sources of funding have been exhausted.
Rather than providing full scholarships, the Foundation seeks to 'fill the gap' after all sources of tuition funding have been exhausted – including financial aid and grants, veteran aid, personal resources, and loans. Average grants per semester range from $1,000 to $5,000 and often are the difference between a student continuing with his/her studies or having to withdraw from classes and discontinue their education. Academic performance is reviewed at the conclusion of each semester in order to determine eligibility for continued funding.


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A sump is a tank underneath the display tank that water drains into and is then pumped back up. In a sump you can have a wet/dry, refugium, skimmer, pumps, heaters, reactors, and many other things. Wet/dry is a type of filtration that is usually in a sump. In what I refer to as a modern reef aquarium a sump is used but not wet/dry, at least not bioballs. People found that if they took out their bioballs the only difference was less nitrate. Some replaced it with live rock, some simply don't use wet/dry at all.
Here is a picture of my sump. On the left you can see the 'bubble section'. This is where all water that goes into the sump is dumped. The overflow box drains into this section, as well as the skimmer, auto top off, and reactors. The middle section is the refugium. There are multiple types of refugia but the usual is used for nutrient export. To achieve this you put lots of 6500K lighting over this section of the sump and grow macroalgae (chaetomorpha is best). The last section is for pumps. The main return pump, skimmer pump, and reactor pumps are housed in this section. To the right of the sump you can see the 2-gallon reservoir for the auto top off.


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Q: Do I need to use a different type of resin in hot weather to do windshield repairs?
A: The short answer is no. For optimal windshield repairs, you need a resin with the best formulation of the following attributes: viscosity, elasticity, elongation, shrinkage, shore hardness, lap sheer strength, tensile strength, and a refractive index that matches the glass. You also need a resin that's appropriate for the weather conditions you are working in. Delta Kits' MagniBond resin meets all of the standards previously mentioned, and can be used to complete optimal windshield repairs in all types of weather conditions.
What can cause delamination, commonly referred to as "flowering" or the "Daisy Effect?" The three factors are heat, pressure and aged glass. With a Delta Kits I-100 low pressure injection system, you are able to control the pressure and flow of the resin into the break to help avoid flowering. Other injectors using air to force resin into the break are more likely to cause flowering because of the necessity to use higher pressure. If you use that type of system you may need to use a higher viscosity resin in hot weather. For this reason, Delta Kits offers resins of various viscosities to accommodate all windshield repair technicians. However, if you are using a Delta Kits windshield repair system, MagniBond resin is the only resin you need for all weather conditions and all types of windshield damage.
MagniBond resin has less acrylic acid than other resins, making it safer to work with, yet maintains the exceptional bonding strength and durability Delta Kits users have come to expect. Delta Kits has passed the BSI (British Standards Institute) requirements for repair strength, clarity, and durability, with flying colors.
While we're on the subject of warm weather repairs…a few of last month's hot weather tech tips are worth repeating. You can reduce the risk of crack-outs and flowering by following these steps:
- If possible, do your repairs in a climate controlled environment or a shaded area.
- Make sure the glass is between 70-100 degrees Fahrenheit, and that your resin is within 10 degrees Fahrenheit of the glass.
- Do not spray cold water, alcohol or any other cold liquid on the glass. When cooling the windshield, do it gradually and if you must use a liquid try soaking a towel in warm water and laying it across the windshield. The moist towel will draw the heat from the glass quite effectively.
- Use the floor and defroster vents to cool the entire cabin of the car, to minimize the risk of cracking the glass. If you cannot run the car, at least roll down the windows to equalize the inside temperature.
- Use a Delta Kits HX1000 Heat X-Changer for spot cooling.
Using the right resin and taking the proper precautions will make hot weather repairs a breeze!


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On Nov. 28, the Canada-based Fraser Institute released the eighth edition of its annual report, Economic Freedom of North America 2012, in which the respective economic situation and government regulatory factors present in the states and provinces of North America were gauged.
Global studies of economic freedom, such as the Heritage Foundation's 2012 Index of Economic Freedom and the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World 2012, rank the United States and Canada as two of the most economically free countries in the world. But, as data from the North America report shows, not all sections of the countries are experiencing an equal level of economic freedom and it is important to look at areas in which this falters.
States and provinces were evaluated and ranked within three categories: 1) Size of Government; 2) Takings and Discriminatory Taxation; and 3) Labor Market Freedom. The Canadian province, Alberta, claimed the top spot as most economically free, followed closely by Delaware. New Mexico placed 59th, making it the least economically free state, followed by Prince Edward Island of Canada, notching the rank of least economically free area in North America (between the United States and Canada).
The Economic Freedom of North America 2012 report draws a clear link between prosperity and economic freedom, through a comparison of states and provinces. "In the United States, the relatively free Georgia does much better than the relatively unfree West Virginia. In Canada, British Columbia, where economic freedom has been increasing in recent years, has been experiencing considerably greater growth on a per-capita basis than Ontario, where economic freedom has been decreasing in recent years." Read more on Economic Freedom: Vital for All…


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Common name: Ludwigia Senegalensis, Ludwigia sp 'Guinea'
Remove the lead weight and sponge from the stems and plant each stem individually into your substrate
Ludwigia Senegalensis is a beautiful stem plant which can develop a red vein-like pattern on the leaves. The red coloration becomes more pronounced under high light with the addition of iron and other micro nutrients. This plant is considered rare and not commonly seen in the aquarium trade as very few farms currently grow it.
Propagation can be achieved by taking cuttings from the main stem of the plant that are replanted into the substrate.
- Ludwigia can be very fragile. Be sure to handle this aquarium plant with care.
- Do not make drastic changes to the aquarium. Unstable parameters will result in melt and rotting of the aquarium plant.
- Remove the cotton surrounding the roots and plant into a quality substrate. For instructions on how to properly prep aquarium plants, click here.
- CO2 injection and quality aquarium soil will yield better growth.
- Please research appropriately to ensure your plant thrives.
Family Name: Onagraceae
Light: Medium to high
Growth Rate: Moderate


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of oxalic acid. Kale has lower amounts though and can be used in place of spinach.
- Collard greens. Collard greens are rich in vitamins and minerals making them excellent replacements for spinach. Their oxalate content is also not as concerning as that of spinach.
- Arugula. Another healthy dark leafy vegetable that has a nutrition profile very similar to that of spinach without the downsides.
- Green beans. These are very nutritious and packed with vitamin C, vitamin K, and manganese. They are also special because they contain more protein than most vegetables.
- Cabbage. It has a slightly different nutrient profile as it is not a dark leafy vegetable but it is still loaded with lots of nutrients like antioxidants, vitamin C, and fiber.
Our Final Thoughts
In conclusion, your dog can enjoy spinach and all its health benefits. It should however be given with caution because of its high oxalic acid content. Oxalic acid can combine with calcium and magnesium in the body making them less available for use. Oxalic acid can also form calcium oxalate in the kidneys resulting in kidney stones.
Spinach should be given in small amounts. It shouldn't be a part of a dog's daily diet. It can be given on alternating days or once to twice a week. Dogs with kidney disease should be given spinach with extra precaution. It is highly advisable to speak to your vet before starting your dog on spinach to reduce the likelihood of health complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
What leafy greens are good for dogs?
Some of the leafy greens you can give your dog include spinach, kale, arugula, swiss chard, and collard greens. Spinach and kale should be given in small amounts due to their high content of oxalic acid.
What vegetables are bad for dogs?
Vegetables that should not be given to dogs include onions, garlic, and tomatoes. Some vegetables are safe for dogs but should be given with extra precaution and these include spinach, kale, radishes, mushrooms, and cabbage.
Does spinach give dogs diarrhea?
If given properly to a healthy dog, spinach is safe for dogs. It can cause diarrhea in dogs if given in excess, unwashed, or raw.
What vegetables are good for dogs to eat?
There is a wide variety of vegetables your dog can enjoy for example cabbage, arugula, kale, collard greens, and lettuce.
Are there any health benefits of spinach in dogs?
Yes, despite its weaknesses, spinach is a very nutritious food with many health benefits. Some of the health benefits spinach can give your dog include better heart health, vitamins, and minerals, boosted immunity, and reduced inflammation.


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- The state or level of consciousness where sense data can be confirmed by an observer.
- I gradually passed from sleep to full awareness.
- The state or quality of being aware of something
- The awareness of one type of idea naturally fosters an awareness of another idea
- (state of consciousness): consciousness, wakefulness
- (state of being aware of something): knowledge, consciousness
the state of consciousness
the state or quality of being aware of something


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Monitoring denitrification by means of pH and ORP in continuous-flow conventional activated sludge processes
L. Luccarini · D. Pulcini · D. Sottara · R. Di Cosmo · R. Canziani
Articolo Rivista internazionale con referaggio
Indirect signal analysis (pH, ORP and DO) are often used in monitoring and control of SBRs (Sequencing Batch Reactors), where operating conditions can be clearly identified during the various cyclic phases. Only few studies applied this methodology to control continuous flow plants, as it is much more difficult to identify operating conditions because of continually variable inflow characteristics. This work applied indirect signal analysis to control pre-denitrification in continuous-flow activated sludge processes: (i) a laboratory-scale plant, fed with synthetic wastewater, simulating real municipal wastewater and (ii) a pilot-scale plant, fed with real sewage. Three different ranges of ORP values identify three operational conditions of the denitrification process. (1) ORP > 0 mV means that nitrates and/or nitrites are present, possibly due to a low C/N ratio. (2) –50 < ORP < –200 mV is typical of normal operating conditions, that is with a balanced C/N ratio. (3) ORP < –350 mV means that oxidized nitrogen load is too low or that C/N exceeds the stoichiometric ratio. The trend of pH, instead, points out if and how the process is evolving from one to another operating condition. The correlation between pH and ORP signals (as well as their derivatives) allows to restore normal operating conditions by acting on the internal recycle flow-rate. Improved denitrification process ensures lower effluent nitrate concentration, and reduce external carbon dosage to achieve stricter nitrogen limits.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Volume 61 January 2017 doi:10.5004/dwt.2017.11119


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Biodiversity Heritage Library
Browse Our Collection by:
Subject "Burrowing animals"
The importance of catfish burrows in maintaining fish populations of tropical freshwater streams in western Ecuador / Garrett S. Glodek.
By: Glodek, Garrett S.
Publication info: [Chicago] :Field Museum of Natural History,1978.
Contributed by: University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
Subjects: Burrowing animals Catfishes Ecology Ecuador Effect of water levels on Fishes Habitations Palenque River


In signal processing, noise is generally considered a problem to be dealt with as compared to a positive thing to be used. Stochastic Resonance (SR) is a phenomenon that can change this perception. In this, we begin with a nonlinear bi-stable system. This is a differential equation x'(t) = U'(x(t)) that has two stable steady-state solutions, separated by a non-stable steady-state solution. A typical example is the nonlinear Langevin equation given by U(x) = ½ax2 – ¼bx4. This has stable steady-state solutions at x = ±(a/b)½and a non-stable steady-state solution at x = 0. We also need a periodic signal y(t) and 0 mean white Gaussian noise ξ(t) with variance σ2. We use these two signals as forces exciting the differential equation, i.e.
x'(t) = U'(x(t)) + y(t) + ξ(t)(1)
When properly tuned, i.e., with the appropriate choices of a > 0, b > 0, and σ2 > 0, the signal x(t) found as the solution of (1) will have periodic components at the same frequencies as y(t), but with more energy. What is going on is that x(t) is jumping between the two steady-state domains of attraction. The periodic excitation given by y(t) causes the domains of attraction to increase and lose their ability to attract solutions. And, if y(t) is too powerful as compared to a function of a and b, the bi-stability of the system is lost, and the solution will have a reduction of energy at the frequencies of interest. In the absence of the periodic signal, or if the noise overpowers the periodic signal, x(t) will jump at random times with a given rate depending on a, b, and σ2. When these two phenomena occur together at the appropriate intensities, we achieve the desired resonance. In this case the domains of attraction are fluctuating in sync with y(t), and the noise causes x(t) to jump between them in such a way as to create the increase in power at these
SR shows significant promise for applications in signal processing. It can be used for extracting weak signals from noisy environments. This lends easily to many applications where we are limited in what we
can do to a signal by how noisy the signal is. Signals that previously would have been considered lost could now be extracted and processed without problems.
To learn more about Stochastic Resonance, check out the following links:


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How are these scams organized?
According to an article from the French Ministry of Labour, Employment and Integration, people are approaching CPF account holders, and they inform them of a risk of theft of personal data, loss of training credit or a balance to be paid for a training course outside the secure area of the mon compte formation website.
The aim of these scams is to steal personal or professional information in order to make fraudulent use of it.
By collecting personal information, these people gain access to mon compte formation account of the individual's and therefore to their CPF funds. They can then use the available funds to enroll in fictitious training courses provided by fake organizations created for these scams. Training courses on starting a business or upgrading foreign languages are particularly prone to this type of fraud.
How to avoid these scams?
To avoid being hacked, adopt the right reflexes:
- Never communicate your personal and/or professional data, whether it be your social security number, email, login ID, date and place of birth, etc.
- Create your personal training account yourself and remember that no professional is authorized to do this for you.
- Secure your CPF account with a complex password.
- Never click on a questionable link and check the website address on your browser.
- In case of doubt, contact the CPF customer relations department directly.


Mathematics Colloquia and Seminars
Return to Colloquia & Seminar listing
Linear Programming orientations of Polyhedra
Algebra & Discrete Mathematics
Speaker: Mike Develin, UC Berkeley
Location: 693 Kerr
Start time: Thu, Oct 31 2002, 12:10PM
Given a combinatorial $d$-polytope $P$ and an orientation on its graph, we may ask the following question: Does there exist a realization of $P\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ and a linear functional $f$ such that $f$ induces the given orientation on the graph of $P$? Holt and Klee introduced a set of necessary conditions on the orientation for it to be a so-called LP-orientation; we show that for cubes, these conditions are very insufficient in the sense that the proportional of Holt-Klee orientations of the $d$-cube which are LP-orientations goes rapidly to 0 as $d$ gets large. For cross-polytopes, we give a strengthening of the Holt-Klee conditions which is both necessary and sufficient for an orientation to be LP.


text: Black People Called "Mixed-Race" Seen As More Beautiful Eric Ferreri Science & Medicine Just the suggestion that an African-American person is of mixed-race heritage makes that person more attractive to others, research shows. This holds true even if the people in question aren't actually of multiracial heritage, according to a new study published in the journal Review of Black Political Economy. The simple perception of exoticism sways people to see multiracial blacks as better-looking, says study author Robert L. Reece, a doctoral candidate in sociology at Duke. "Being exotic is a compelling idea," says Reece. "So people are attracted to a certain type of difference. It's also partially just racism—the notion that black people are less attractive, so being partially not-black makes you more attractive." Reece used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, examining the results of in-person interviews of 3,200 black people conducted by people of varying races. The interviewees were asked a series of questions that included their racial backgrounds. The questioners then ranked each person's attractiveness on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the least attractive and 5 being the most attractive. The interviewees who identified as mixed race were given an average attractiveness rating of 3.74; those who identified as black were given a 3.47 score, a statistically significant difference that points to the power of perception. The study controlled for a number of factors such as gender, age, skin tone, hair color, and eye color. "Race is more than we think it is," Reese says. "It's more than physical characteristics and ancestry and social class. The idea that you're a certain race shapes how people view you." Further, attractiveness matters. Previous research has drawn correlations between physical beauty and professional success. The findings bolster a viewpoint that lighter-skinned blacks are considered more physically striking than their darker-skinned counterparts. But the research also found that blacks with darker skin who identified as mixed-race were considered better looking than those with lighter skin who identified simply as black. "This further emphasizes the power of suggestion: Being told a person is of mixed race—regardless of what that person looks like—makes them appear more attractive. "It's a loaded cognitive suggestion when you say 'I'm not just black, I'm also Native American,' for example," Reece says. "It changes the entire dynamic." Reece says he conducted the study to examine the connection between multiraciality and "color." "People tend to assume that historical multiraciality is at least partially responsible for the broad range of color among black people. I've even noticed some people in black communities casually using the terms "mixed" and "light skinned" interchangeably. "So I wanted to begin an empirical investigation into the contemporary links between the two and how they combine to shape people's life experiences. Attractiveness is one part of that." This article originally appeared at Futurity and is reprinted here by Creative Commons license. Featured image courtesy of Pixabay.


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An Integrator-Backstepping-Based Dynamic Surface Control Method for a Two-Axis Piezoelectric Micropositioning Stage
ABSTRACT In this paper, an integrator-backstepping-based dynamic surface control method for a two-axis piezoelectric micropositioning stage is proposed. First, according to the dynamics of motion of a mechanical mass-spring system, mathematical equations that contain a linear viscous friction, a varied elasticity with cross-coupling effect due to mechanical bending, and dynamics of a hysteresis variable is proposed to describe the motion dynamics of the two-axis piezopositioning stage. Next, from the equations, a state-space model in which the applied voltage to the stage is defined as an output of an integrator is derived. On the basis of this state-space model, the integrator-backstepping-based dynamic surface control is proposed. By using the proposed control method to trajectory tracking of the two-axis piezopositioning stage, the dynamic performance, robustness to parameter variations, and trajectory tracking error can be improved. Experimental results of the time responses from the computer-controlled two-axis piezopositioning stage illustrate the validity of the proposed control method for practical applications in trajectory tracking.
- SourceAvailable from: Chun-Yi Su
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
- "Recently, piezo-actuated stage has many effective applications in ultra-high precision positioning systems (Chen and Hisayama, 2008; Fleming and Moheimani, 2007; Krejci and Kuhnen, 2001; Kuhnen and Krejci, 2009; Moheimani and Goodwin, 2001; Shieh and Hsu, 2007). The piezo electric actuator (PEA) is used to meet the requirement of nanometer resolution in displacement, high stiffness and rapid response. "
ABSTRACT: The XY table is composed of two piezo electric actuators (PEA) and a positioning mechanism (PM). Due to existence of hysteretic nonlinearity in the PEA and the friction in the PM, the high precision control for the XY table is a challenging task. This paper discusses the high precision adaptive control for the XY talbe, where the hysteresis is described by Prandtl-Ishlinskii model. The proposed control law ensures the global stability of the controlled stage, and the position error can be controlled to approach to zero asymptotically. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this paper, a novel robust nonlinear sliding mode generator excitation controller for single machine infinite bus(SMIB) with parameter uncertainty and disturbance is proposed. The controller is designed in a backstepping manner, proportional-integral-derivative(PID) stabilizing signal of the virtual error is introduced in the design procedure. First according to the backstepping approach, series Lyapunov functions are constructed step by step, the adaptive law of damping coefficient is given in the second step, and finally, a novel sliding surface is designed. The whole control law is obtained by applying the sliding mode control theory, so the disturbance is attenuated. To validate the control law, some simulations were carried on in case of two faults, the results showed that the proposed control method is able to achieve a quite satisfactory control effect.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
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Historical Field Data
Over past decades, a large number of field-based measurements have been collected or acquired over mangroves throughout Australia but many remain outside the public domain and often there is no or limited knowledge of their existence. For this reason, TERN is encouraging these data to be identified, collated and presented in a common format (with appropriate metadata) for public release. Available datasets can be accessed below.
- Field data, Daintree National Park, Queensland
- Structural characteristics of mangrove forests: Compilation of LAI and other variables for experimental and survey sites
This component allows individuals to submit historical datasets including:
- Plot-based measurements of tree size (e.g., diameter, height, canopy cover), including by species type.
- Dead material
- Soil carbon
These data ideally should be submitted according to pre-established TERN protocols and, for further information, please contact Matt Paget.


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Probation, Trial Service, and Layoff Trial Periods
Probation, trial service, and layoff trial periods are intended to give a supervisor and staff member an opportunity to assess whether a new employment relationship is a good match for all parties. The duration covered by each evaluation period varies according to the type of period and the affected employee's classification. An overview of each of these periods is available on the central HR Web site.
The supervisor's ability to end an unsuccessful hire is less restricted during the evaluation period than after the evaluation period has ended. A supervisor or employee who determines that there is not a good employment match during an evaluation period should contact the College of Engineering Human Resources Team as soon as possible during the covered period.
The decision to end an appointment during an evaluation period may require action by College and University Human Resources staff, and by the Dean, who is the Appointing Authority for the College of Engineering; Supervisors should contact the College of Engineering Human Resources Team prior to taking any employment action.
In general terms, ending an appointment during an evaluation period involves the following steps. Supervisors are recommended to contact the CoE Human Resources team to discuss their specific situation. This process can occur at any time, but must be completed prior to the end of the evaluation period.
- At the beginning of an evaluation period, the supervisor conducts formal and informal training sessions with the new employee and monitors the employee's performance. During this period, the supervisor should be prepared to give informal feedback to the employee as necessary, clarifying performance expectations and addressing any performance concerns.
- If the supervisor has continuing performance concerns, s/he should alert the College of Engineering Human Resources Administrator and prepare to meet with the employee to address these concerns.
- At this meeting (referred to here as an "informal counseling session"), the supervisor will present the employee with a memo outlining performance concerns and stating performance expectations. This meeting is intended to help the employee understand the supervisor's concerns, allow the employee and supervisor an opportunity to strategize ways to work collaboratively to better match employee performance to supervisor expectations, and to alert the employee that s/he may not successfully complete the evaluation period. Thus, the informal counseling session and memo should include these features:
- The informal counseling session should:
- allow time for both parties to communicate their perspectives, and
- include time for discussing resources (e.g., increased communication, classes, informal training) and other strategies to better match the employee's performance to the supervisor's expectations
- The memo should:
- cite specific examples (including dates, descriptions of errors, behaviors or other problems),
- cite specific performance expectations related to the above examples, and
- include a statement such as, "It is my desire to work with you to help you be successful in your job; however, if concerns regarding your performance continue, you may not successfully complete your evaluation period."


text:
What Is the Definition of a Consumer Culture?
Betsie Van Der Meer/Taxi/Getty Images
A consumer culture is focused on the buying and selling of goods. The goods consumed in a consumer culture are not necessarily goods that are needed so much as goods that are wanted. The United States is an example of a consumer culture.


F Ikebana Today 38 ~ Shoso Shimbo
Tuesday, 4 August 2015
Ikebana Today 38
To answer the question, "Is Ikebana art?", we need to look into the history
of Ikebana as well as that of art in the 20th century. When and how did they
interact in that century? While it is relatively easy to overview the
history of Ikebana, the history of art seems to be so chaotic.
I found contemporary art and its history are very hard to comprehend. In
particular the Japanese literature on the topic is difficult to
comprehend. Why do they have to be like that? Maybe because they are talking about something they don't really understand?
Fortunately, a number of great introductory books on contemporary art have
been recently published. I guess that many people must have felt the same
way about the literature on the contemporary art. One of the books I liked
was "Why Is That Art?" by Terry Barrett, Oxford U.P. (2012). From the
reading of the book, I will summarise the history of art briefly in the next
This small work is a good example of assembling different plant materials in
harmony. The process of making it was a true meditation. I'm going to use
this image for my free calendars for next year. Please download them for
free from my website. You can also read my articles published in Living Now
for free online. Lastly, please check the results of the Ikebana Gallery Award 2015 in my site.


text:
Governador Valadares is a
Brazilian city in the state of Minas Gerais.
In 2006, its population was 260,405
inhabitants.It is an economical center of the middle Valley of the
Rio Doce, making a significant influence on the east and northeast
of Minas Gerais and local authorities of the state of the Espírito Santo
. Governador Valadares
sits on the bank of the Rio Doce, 324 km from Belo
The main watercourse through the municipality is the Doce River
("Rio Doce" in Portuguese) whose basin
(of 83,500 square kilometers) is composed of 222 municipalities.
Nowadays its waters are very polluted, with little vegetation on
its banks and depleted fish stocks.
Valadares is also a statistical micro-region including 25
municipalities: Alpercata, Campanário, Capitão
Andrade, Coroaci, Divino das Laranjeiras, Engenheiro Caldas, Fernandes Tourinho, Frei Inocêncio, Galiléia, Governador Valadares, Itambacuri, Itanhomi, Jampruca, Marilac, Mathias Lobato, Nacip
Raydan, Nova Módica, Pescador, São Geraldo da Piedade, São Geraldo do Baixio, São José da Safira, São José do
Divino, Sobrália, Tumiritinga, and Virgolândia.
Its population (2006) was estimated by the
IBGE to be 407,815 inhabitants in a total area of 11,
The area around Governador Valadares was explored in colonial
first expedition to reach the Doce River was in 1573, leaving from
Seguro in Bahia. Only in the beginning
of the nineteenth century was its colonization begun when in 1808
the Portuguese government created military divisions in the
In 1823, the D. Manoel barracks was established, on
the left bank of the Doce, exactly at the point at which the river
begins to be partially navigable as far as the sea. By the end of
the nineteenth century, Dom Manuel
the main river port on the Doce, being a meeting place for
muleteers and canoes that took products to the coast. Only after
the beginning of the twentieth century was the occupation of the
territory accelerated, with the construction of the Vitória-Minas
railway in 1902. In 1925 the first electric plant was installed to
serve the residences of the town. It was powered by steam.
Throughout its history Governador Valdares has had several
- 1734 - Arraial de Porto de Dom Manuel
- 1808 - Porto das Canoas
- 1888 - Santo Antônio da Figueira
- 1889 – Distrito De Santo Antônio do Bonsucesso
- 1923 - Figueira
In 1937 the municipality of Figueira do Rio Doce was established,
which then changed its name to Governador Valadares, who was the
governor at the time.
Production and the intense trade in precious stones is the reason
the "Brazil Gem Show" takes place in the local authority every
year: an event that consists of the commerce of precious stones
with Brazilians and foreign visitors
Governador Valadares is the biggest city and commercial center of
the Eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, having several
cities in his area of influence, such as Teófilo Otoni and
Caratinga. At present, Governador Valadares is growing in
industrial development, due to its strategic position, human
resources and international reputation.
It is a trade and industrial center. Sawmills and food-processing
plants are in the city, and mica
are mined in the area. Governador Valadares is
one of the most famous gem-trading centres in Brazil. Gem minerals
. The Golconda
mine, one of the oldest in the city, attracts the curiosity of
tourists and stone collectors from all over the world.
The city is served by the railroad Vitória-Minas, of the CVRD and
by the highway Rio-Bahia (BR 116). It is also connected with the
capital of the state by the BR 381.
The city is on the Belo Horizonte–Vitória railway and on the Rio de
Janeiro–Salvador highway.Distances from major centers:
The local airport is a category 3 airport, with a paved runway
1,400 meters long. There are regular flights to Belo
Paulo, Rio de
Seguro, Salvador, and Vitória.
The city hosts of one of the stages of the Brazilian Championship
of Hang gliding being that the competitors get off the Ibituruna's
Peak, where it is possible to catch sight of the whole region of
the Valley of the Rio Doce which bed is on the feet of the peak,
and also it hosts several international championships of hang
gliding, which takes the local authority to be known like "The
World-wide Capital of the Hang gliding".
It is also the city where the greatest soccer player Pedro Paulo
was born.The city is known internationally for the World Paragliding
that has been held at Ibituruna
Peak (1123 meters).
- Annual average: 32.6 °C [90.7 °F]
- Annual maximum average: 40.7 °C [105.3 °F]
- Annual minimum average: 18.3 °C [65 °F]
Average annual rainfall index: 1,350 mm
Governador Valadares is twinned
the following cities:


text:
|MATLAB Function Reference|
Create and control multiple axes
subplot divides the current figure into rectangular panes that are numbered row-wise. Each pane contains an axes. Subsequent plots are output to the current pane.
creates an axes in the
p-th pane of a figure divided into an
n matrix of rectangular panes. The new axes becomes the current axes.
p is a vector, it specifies an axes having a position that covers all the subplot positions listed in
If the specified axes already exists, delete it and creat a new axes.
makes the axes with handle
h current for subsequent plotting commands.
subplot('Position',[left bottom width height])
creates an axes at the position specified by a four-element vector.
height are in normalized coordinates in the range from 0.0 to 1.0.
h = subplot(...)
returns the handle to the new axes.
subplot specification causes a new axes to overlap any existing axes, then
subplot deletes the existing axes and uicontrol objects. However, if the
subplot specification exactly matches the position of an existing axes, then the matching axes is not deleted and it becomes the current axes.
clf deletes all axes objects and returns to the default
You can omit the parentheses and specify subplot as.
m refers to the row,
n refers to the column, and
p specifies the pane.
Special Case - subplot(111)
subplot(111) is not identical in behavior to
subplot(1,1,1) and exists only for compatibility with previous releases. This syntax does not immediately create an axes, but instead sets up the figure so that the next graphics command executes a
reset (deleting all figure children) and creates a new axes in the default position. This syntax does not return a handle, so it is an error to specify a return argument. (This behavior is implemented by setting the figure's
NextPlot property to
income in the top half of a figure and
outgo in the bottom half,
The following illustration shows four subplot regions and indicates the command used to create each.
Basic Plots and Graphs for more information


text:
Abraham Lincoln's Most Notorious Forgers
Probably one of the most infamous forgers of the early 20th century was Joseph Cosey. His counterfeit documents and signatures of
Joseph Cosey was born Martin Coneely in February 1887, in Syracuse, New York. Although little is known about his youth, he managed to get into a great deal of trouble with the law starting at a young age. According to an article by Dorthy Twohig, Cosey served as a printers apprentice before joining the U.S. Army at age 22. However, after serving four years in the army he was dishonorably discharged for assaulting another soldier. The incident was to mark the beginning of a criminal career that would span his adult life.
To make ends meet after the army, Cosey embarked on a life of thievery.
Between 1914 and 1916, Cosey was convicted several more times. The charges ranged from attempting to cash counterfeit checks to concealing a deadly weapon. His offenses resulted in his eventual imprisonment in
Twohig stated that the defining moment of Coseys life was when he visited the Library of Congress and viewed a pay warrant dated from 1786, which was signed by Benjamin Franklin. He promptly stole the valuable object and spent days practicing
Cosey continued to profit by forging other historical figures writing styles and signatures. In fact, his technique of emulating the script of famous personalities became so sophisticated, that it was difficult for handwriting experts to detect authentic documents from Coseys imitations. Nonetheless, though it was a precarious source of revenue, it proved to be highly lucrative.
In addition to his Benjamin Franklin forgeries, Cosey also reproduced the signatures of numerous American legends, including John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, Button Gwinnett, Patrick Henry, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. He also forged documents and signatures of other greats, including, Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens), Walt Whitman, Theodore Roosevelt and Rudyard Kipling.
Cosey was by all means a creative manufacturer of forgeries, yet not all of his reproductions and fabrications went unobserved. Some of the more skilled experts were able to find inaccuracies in his work. Those critical errors, which made Coseys forgeries distinguishable from authentic historical manuscripts, eventually landed him in more legal trouble.
Cosey made even more recognizable mistakes when he forged. For example, when comparing Abraham Lincolns signature with Coseys forgery, one can see a variation in writing technique.
Coseys luck with passing falsified documents was short-lived. In January 1937 he was arrested for selling a letter allegedly written by
Following his release, Cosey continued to forge a living making counterfeit documents until his death in the early 1950s. To date, many of his documents are still in circulation and have gone undetected as fakes. Those documents that have been exposed as Cosey fabrications are considered highly valued and sought by collectors who appreciate the forgers unique genius.


Preface: I've read this question about water preventing an initiation from occurring.
I understand why it's important to slowly add the alkyl halide to the dry ether and magnesium for exotherm control. But why is the first addition called an initiation and what's its purpose?
Is it just to confirm that the conditions are ready to continue slowly adding the rest of the reagent? I know it's a free-radical reaction, maybe that's where the term "initiation" comes from. But I've seen the reaction described as "self-sustaining" after the initiation, but it's not a chain reaction. Perhaps that's referring to a predictable reaction proceeding forward instead of stalling then blowing up your glassware.
The first step in the Grignard reaction involves transfer of an electron from the surface of the metal to the alkyl halide to form a radical anion. The radical anion then disproportionates into a free radical and halide anion. \begin{aligned} \ce{R−X + Mg &-> R−X^{•−} + Mg^{•+}}\\ \ce{R−X^{•−} &-> R^{•} + X^{−}}\\ \ce{R^{•} + Mg^{•+} &-> RMg^{+}}\\ \ce{RMg^{+} + X^{−} &-> RMgX}\\ \end{aligned}
When you take the magnesium out of the jar, the surface has a thin oxidation layer on it that prevents the initial electron transfer from occurring. We used to take one piece of magnesium and scratch it good with a knife to expose a clean, fresh magnesium surface. We would place this piece of magnesium in the flask (dry ether and the rest of the magnesium already added) and drip in a few drops of the alkyl halide. Without fail, within a minute or two, mild bubbling would be noticed (local ether boiling), which became vigorous as the initiation phase of the reaction "cleaned" the surface of other pieces of oxidized magnesium. After the vigorous bubbling started to subside we would drip in the remaining alkyl halide plus ether solution at a rate to maintain ether reflux. So the reaction does involve a free radical but the initiation phase really has more to do with removing the oxidation layer from all of the magnesium and allowing that initial electron transfer step to occur.
 - $\begingroup$ Good answer, I'd like to add a point to be considered: The initial electron transfer is usually slightly endothermic. In the initiation process you will usually need to add some energy - the warmth of the hand might do (depending on the used halid). After the reaction started, the formation of the Grignard is exotherm, hence providing enough energy to overcome the activation energy of the electron transfer. It will then proceed until the limiting reactant is used up - hence it is called self-sustained. $\endgroup$ – Martin - マーチン Jul 14 '14 at 7:15
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ That makes a lot of sense. My group has been performing Grignard reagent prep and reactions on and industrial scale, and your answer gives much needed perspective to why we have the initiation step, and how to troubleshoot it if it doesn't go right away. $\endgroup$ – tralston Jul 14 '14 at 15:57
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ That's an interesting point. Thanks for explaining the self-sustaining aspect of the initation. $\endgroup$ – tralston Jul 14 '14 at 16:05
First, you are mixing magnesium metal with an alkyl halide. The product of this reaction is $\ce{R-Mg-I}$, where $\ce{R}$ is the alkyl group and $\ce{I}$ is the halide. It is called an initiation reaction because you first need to make the reactive compound.
Next, you add the alcohol to produce the product. Mixing an alkyl halide and an alcohol together will not yield the product you want.
Your Answer


text:
Possum Point Power Station
Powers 415,000 homes
- Net generating capacity is 1,661 megawatts (4 units).
- Units 3 & 4 are fired using natural gas (converted from coal in May 2003).
- Unit 5 is an oil-fired unit (#6 low sulfur oil).
- Unit 6 is fired by both natural gas and no. 2 oil.
- The station's two oldest units, Units 1 and 2, have been retired.
- The combined-cycle unit consists of two combustion turbines and a steam generator. Forced air, superheated by natural gas, turns a turbine to generate electricity. Exhaust from the combustion turbines is captured and used to produce steam to power another turbine.
- By recapturing the waste heat, combined-cycle units burn less fuel and produce fewer emissions than comparably sized conventional units.
- The station overlooks the Potomac River and the Quantico Creek.
- A new 14-mile pipeline was provided due to the natural gas requirements for the station.
- Approximately 85 percent of the pipeline is located within existing Dominion Energy overhead electric transmission rights-of-way or on other Dominion Energy property.


text:
Background. We investigated the occurrence of apoptosis during and after resolution of cardiac allograft rejection. Apoptosis could play different roles in graft survival depending on the target cells; thus, we also determined the cell types involved.
Methods. Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were evaluated during the first 6 months after transplantation as follows: group I, no current or prior rejection; group II, during an episode of moderate rejection; and group III, histologic resolution after an episode of moderate rejection.
Results. Groups II and III showed significantly increased apoptotic activity, indicated by increased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity; however, activated caspase-3 was undetectable in group I. Activated caspase-3 was detected only in groups II and III. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling was detected in groups II and III but not group I and predominantly in inflammatory cells.
Conclusions. Increased caspase activity and apoptosis of infiltrating cells not only occurs during acute cardiac allograft rejection but persists after histologic resolution. Thus, programmed cell death occurs beyond the period of histologic resolution and may play a role in regulation of the rejection process.
Apoptosis occurs during acute cardiac allograft rejection; however, the question of whether apoptosis is resolved during resolution of the rejection episode is unknown. Furthermore, the major cell type undergoing apoptosis is controversial. Depending on the target cells, apoptosis could play different roles in graft survival (1,2). Some studies show a direct correlation between increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and grade of rejection (3,4), suggesting that apoptosis of the cardiac myocytes contributes to allograft damage and dysfunction, whereas other studies did not show evidence of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, even in regions of cardiomyocyte damage but instead report most terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells among leukocyte infiltrates (5,6). Apoptosis of T lymphocytes could thus be a mechanism to decrease an ongoing immune response. In fact, some immunosuppressive drugs currently used in clinical transplantation such as steroids act, in part, through induction of apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes (7,8), suggesting another mechanism of increased programmed cell death in cardiac allografts.
The changes associated with apoptosis are attributable to actions of caspases that play a key role in the regulation and execution of apoptotic cell death (9,10). One of the apoptotic signals is mediated by interaction of Fas ligand with Fas receptor-expressing cells, leading to activation of caspase-8, which then activates downstream effectors such as caspase-3, and leads to the morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis (10–12). In cardiac transplant rejection, activation of T cells induces expression of Fas ligand (13,14) and is paralleled by increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (2,4).
We performed a comprehensive evaluation of apoptotic activity in human cardiac biopsy specimens. We studied biopsy specimens from allografts with no history of rejection, during an episode of moderate rejection, and after resolution of cellular infiltrates. Our results indicate that the major cells undergoing apoptosis are inflammatory cells and that apoptosis persists despite histologic resolution of the rejection episode. The prolonged elevation of caspase activity and TUNEL-positive staining after the rejection episode is resolved suggests that rejection may be controlled by apoptosis of inflammatory infiltrates.


Emacs: Manage Split Windows
,, …,
This page is a tutorial on managing split windows in emacs.
First, know the basics:
PurposeCommand NameKey
split top/bottomsplit-window-belowCtrl+x 2
split left/rightsplit-window-rightCtrl+x 3
unsplit alldelete-other-windowsCtrl+x 1
remove current panedelete-windowCtrl+x 0
cycle cursor to next paneother-windowCtrl+x o
wildly split emacs screen
Wildly split emacs screen. From top to bottom: calendar, Unicode, shell, hex editing mode, HTML mode, file management, calculator.
Note: in emacs, a "window" is technically called a "frame", while a pane in a split window is called "window".
Adjusting Split Pane Size
You can adjust the split pane size by dragging on the mode line bar in the middle. For windows split left/right, drag the status bar at the split point.
Or, you can use keys. Here's the commands:
enlarge-windowCtrl+x ^increase height
shrink-windowdecrease height
enlarge-window-horizontallyCtrl+x }increase width
shrink-window-horizontallyCtrl+x {decrease width
shrink-window-if-larger-than-bufferCtrl+x -shrink a window to fit its content.
balance-windowsCtrl+x + make all windows same width/height
Most of these commands also take a argument. You can call universal-argumentCtrl+u】 first then type a number. If you use these commands often, you probably want to give them a easier key. 〔☛ Emacs: How to Define Keys
Save Split-window Config for Current Session
winner-mode lets you revert to a previous pane configuration. (in emacs 23.2 () or later)
Example use:
 1. Call winner-mode to turn it on.
 2. Call split-window-vertically.
 3. Call split-window-horizontally.
 4. Now, remove all split panes by calling delete-other-windows.
 5. Now, you can go back to previous split pane config by calling winner-undoCtrl+c 】. There's also winner-redoCtrl+c 】.
If you want this functionality always, put in your emacs init file:
;; ability to revert split pane config. Call winner-undo 【Ctrl+c ←】 and winner-redo 【Ctrl+c →】
(winner-mode 1) ; in GNU emacs 23.2
Save Split-Window Config
You can save split-window config to register, like this:
Note: this doesn't work when you restart emacs, even if you have desktop-save-mode on.
Save Split-window Config Across Sessions
Use revive.el by HIROSE Yuuji. It's in emacs MELPA package repository. 〔☛ Emacs 24 Packages (ELPA) Tutorial
First, install it. Then, call save-current-configuration. It'll generate a file at ~/.revive.el.
To restore, call resume.
Swap Buffers Among Panes
If you want to swap buffers among your current split panes, install buffer-move.el by Lucas Bonnet. It's in emacs package repository MELPA 〔☛ Emacs 24 Packages (ELPA) Tutorial 〕.
(thx to Mark Hepburn and John D Cook)
Flow Buffer Side-by-Side
See: Emacs: You Have Widescreen? Have Screen Flow Side by Side
Move Cursor to Different Panes by Arrow
By default, you can move cursor to the next pane by calling other-windowCtrl+x o】. The default key is hard to use. Also, there's no key to move cursor to previous pane.
You can put the following in your emacs init file. It'll let you move cursor by {【⇧ Shift+】, 【⇧ Shift+】, 【⇧ Shift+】, 【⇧ Shift+】}.
However, you'll lose shift select.
;; use Shift+arrow_keys to move cursor around split panes
;; when cursor is on edge, move to the other side, as in a toroidal space
(setq windmove-wrap-around t )
Move Cursor to Previous Pane
alternatively, you can put the following in your emacs init file:
(defun move-cursor-next-pane ()
 "Move cursor to the next pane."
 (other-window 1))
(defun move-cursor-previous-pane ()
 "Move cursor to the previous pane."
 (other-window -1))
You can give them easy keys, such as {【Ctrl+3】, 【Ctrl+4】}. 〔☛ Emacs: How to Define Keys
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