text:
"The outstanding feature of the embedded dingye control system is the anti-interference and reliable stability under the environment of high and low temperature and high electromagnetic radiation. compared to PLC systems. Its obvious advantages are fast processing speed, easy to set up industrial Ethernet, convenient programming, good versatility, and the price is only a fraction of the PLC, which has a good development prospect. This paper mainly discusses the design of the embedded I/O system with EP9315 and MAX2_EPM240 as the core.
Introduction: The outstanding features of the embedded Dingye control system are the anti-interference and reliable stability under the environment of high and low temperature and high electromagnetic radiation. compared to PLC systems. Its obvious advantages are fast processing speed, easy to set up industrial Ethernet, convenient programming, good versatility, and the price is only a fraction of the PLC, which has a good development prospect. This paper mainly discusses the design of the embedded I/O system with EP9315 and MAX2_EPM240 as the core.
1 System Configuration
The whole embedded input and output system is divided into three parts: embedded system, application module (ie input and output module) and conversion module. The overall structure is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 System structure block diagram
1.1 Embedded System
This design selects the high-performance ARM9 embedded microprocessor EP9315 of CirrusLogic Company. This microprocessor has all the excellent performance of ARM920T core. The rich integrated peripheral interface includes Ethernet MAC, serial port, 2.0 full-speed HOSTUSB, LCD interface with dedicated SDRAM channel, touch screen interface, etc.
Cirrus logic company provides users with a full-featured development board based on this processor. Cooperate with Windows CE. net embedded operating system, with high system development efficiency and stable operation, provides a reliable system platform for industrial control. Based on the customized WinCE operating system, the special driver of the application module in the industrial control is realized, and the generality of the embedded system is improved.
The system described in this paper uses the rich integrated peripheral interface of the development board. Download eboot through serial port; download operating system kernel and application program through Ethernet, and realize Ethernet communication; HOST USB is connected to mouse to facilitate user operation; LCD screen realizes Display, and touch screen interface realizes panel touch operation.
1.2 Design of the conversion module
The conversion module is used to lead out the signal lines that need to be used on the development board, mainly including data lines, address lines and some I/O control signals (such as nWR, nRD, NCS3, nWAIT, etc.). The level conversion driver chip 74LVXC4245 is mainly used in the conversion module, and its functions include: (1) improving the quality of the signal; (2) anti-interference; (3) realizing level conversion; (4) improving the driving capability of the EP9315 pin.
1.3 Design of input and output module based on CPLD
1.3.1 Design idea of input and output module
In industrial applications, input/output modules usually include digital input modules, digital output modules, digital input/output modules, analog input modules, analog output modules, and analog input/output modules.
Considering that the complexity of different application systems is different, the requirements for input and output ports are also different. In order to flexibly add different types of input and output modules according to actual needs, the following ideas are adopted in the design:
The data bus, address bus and control bus of ARM9 are connected to multiple slots at the same time, and each slot is given a fixed address, called slot address, and various modules can be inserted into any slot.
All kinds of input/output modules are developed and designed based on CPLD, to realize the detection and control of the external system. But for different input and output application systems, the input signal and output signal characteristics are different, showing complexity. The above-mentioned complexity must be considered in the design, and the corresponding input and output signals must be signal-conditioned according to the actual situation. In order to ensure the stability and speed of the connection between the input and output modules and the ARM9 master controller, the expansion of the bus method is adopted: the CPLD is hung in the BANK3 space of the ARM9, and 11 address lines, 16 data lines, and corresponding control lines are connected. (including nRD, nWR, nCS3, nWAIT). The overall design block diagram of various input/output modules can be shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Block diagram of the input and output module structure
The main functions of the signal conditioning circuit are: realize the conditioning of various input signals to meet the electrical requirements of the CPLD input pins; realize the conditioning of the CPLD output signals to meet the electrical requirements of the application system. CPLD bus function: establish the signal connection between CPLD and ARM9 through various buses to realize the communication between CPLD and ARM9.
Because various types of modules can be inserted into any slot, in order to realize the automatic identification of different types of modules, each type of module is given an ID code through the hardware design language. ARM can determine what kind of module it is by reading the ID code through the "read ID code address". The corresponding operation can then be carried out according to the module type.
1.3.2 Selected port data of CPLD.
Altera's MAXII device adopts a new CPLD structure, which is more cost-effective, lower power consumption, and larger capacity than previous MAX devices, making it an ideal solution for complex control applications. Considering that the functions of the input and output modules are relatively simple and do not require a large number of complex operations, the system is designed with a relatively small capacity EPM240.
1.3.3 Software Design of CPLD
In order to realize the read and write control of the input and output module through the address bus, data bus and control bus of ARM9, the CPLD of the input and output module must be programmed in hardware language according to the read and write sequence diagram of ARM9.
The key code of the input module is as follows:
The function of the first assign statement in the program: when the lower five bits of the address bus are 5'b00000, which is the "read module ID code address", the module's ID code is output to the data bus.
The function of the second assign statement: when the lower five bits of the address bus are 5″b00100, that is, "read module data address", the module input port data is read into the data bus.
The simulation result of the input module Quatuttis II is shown in Figure 3. As can be seen from the figure, when the lower five-bit address of the address bus is 5'b00100, the module input port data (de24v_in) is read into the data bus (data_bus).
Figure 3 Input module simulation timing diagram
In the same way, the tank module design can be carried out, and the key code is as follows:
always @ (posedge pro_clk) begin
mem_data[ i ]=data_bus;
if((mem data ==mem_data)&(mem_data==mem_data)&(mem_data==
relay_reg = mem_data;
assign relay = relay_reg;
assign led = ~relay_reg;
assign data_bus = ((~(RDICS))&(address==baddr[10:5])&(baddr[4:0]==5'b00000))?16'b0000000011011110:16'bz;
The function of the alwavs statement in the program: when the lower five bits of the address bus are 5'b00010, which is the "write module data address", the data bus data is written to the register mem_data. In order to enhance the anti-interference ability, the program adopts continuous reading of the data bus data four times and judges whether it is consistent. If it is consistent, the module output port data is updated.
The function of the third assign statement in the program: when the lower five bits of the address bus are 5'b00000, which is the "read module ID code address", the module's ID code is output to the data bus.
Output module Quarutu. The simulation result of II is shown in Fig. 4. As can be seen from the figure, when the lower five bits of the address bus are 5'b00100, the data bus (data_bus) is written to the module output port (relay).
Figure 4 Output module simulation timing diagram
2 System software design
2.1 Driver Design Ideas
The I/O module driver is designed based on the stream interface driver type. The design of the driver should consider the reasonable allocation of physical addresses according to the realization function on the one hand, and the interface with the application program on the other hand. The following is a detailed discussion of the design ideas of the driver around these two aspects.
2.1.1 Reasonable allocation of physical addresses
For the input module, the following two operations are included. (1) Read the ID code; (2) Read the input port data. For the output module, the following two operations are included. (1) Read ID code; (2) Write data to the output port.
In order to ensure the universality of the driver, that is to say, for the module inserted into a certain slot, whether it is an input module or an output module, the driver structure is the same. Three physical addresses can be assigned to each slot, including reading the ID code address (referred to as "ID address"), reading the input module data


The HLB Concept
Updated: Oct 15, 2020
Introduction to the use of HLB in surfactant selection for emulsification.
In developing emulsifier systems, it is important to select a surfactant/emulsifier system with the correct characteristics to match the requirements of the oil phase plus other factors, such as the temperature of the emulsion and electrolytes.
The use of the HLB system can help in quickly identifying the optimum surfactant system.
HLB = Hydrophile - Lipophile Balance
It provides the starting point for matching the HLB of the surfactant with the required HLB of the oil to form stable emulsions. One can predict the approximate HLB needed to emulsify a given material and make more intelligent estimates of which surfactant or combinations of surfactants are appropriate to a given application. When blends are used the HLB can be
estimated by using a weighted average of the surfactants used in the blend.
Calculation of the HLB of nonionic surfactants
This method has proved very successful with alkoxylated nonionic surfactants but
less successful with ionic surfactants. The HLB system, in it's most basic form, allows for the calculation of HLB using the following formulation :
HLB = % Hydrophile by weight of molecule
Example: Oleyl alcohol 10 EO
 - Molecular weight of hydrophile we calculate the molecular weight of the 10 moles of ethylene oxide ( one mole EO =44 )
10 x 44 = 440
 - we add this number to the molecular weight of the oleyl alcohol
440+ 270 = 710
 - What percentage of 710 is 440?
440 / 710 *100= 61.97%
Therefore : HLB is 61.97 / 5 =12.4
Example of HLB mixture calculation
HLB of a blend of two surfactants, 70 wt% Lansurf SMO80 (HLB=15) and 30 wt% Lansurf SMO (HLB=4.3) can be computed as follows:
HLB mixture = 0.3 x 4.3 + 0.7 x 15 = 11.8
Similarly for a 70:30wt% mixture of oleic acid (HLB=17) and lanolin (HLB=12):
HLB mixture = 0.7 x 17 + 0.3 x 12 = 15.5
The HLB values measured against solubility in water
The HLB of a surfactant, ranging from 1 to 20, affects its characteristics in aqueous solutions and dictates their characteristics and the typical applications where they will be used.
An emulsion is most accurately defined as a dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid. Temporary emulsions may be formed by mixing the two normally immiscible liquids, however, the stability of temporary emulsions produced in this way is poor. Emulsifiers are surface-active materials (surfactants) that are used to assist in the formation and stabilisation of an emulsion.
The optimum emulsifier will also be dictated by the external phase, with oil in water emulsion requiring higher HLB emulsifier systems than water in oil.
When determining the optimum HLB the nature of the oil phase and the emulsion type (oil in water or water in oil) is the starting point. There are literature values available for several materials:
Example Emulsification of paraffinic mineral oil
The literature HLB value for the emulsification of paraffinic mineral oil is 10, but this is an approximate value as the exact HLB will be effected by the composition of the specific oil, plus the HLB values assigned to emulsifiers are not particularly accurate, therefore the optimum HLB for each oil and emulsifier needs to be established by experimentation.
This is achieved by preparing emulsions based on blends of emulsifiers to give HLB's around the theory value as in the table below. Based on the emulsion quality the optimum ratio and HLB can be determined. It may be necessary to make further blends, for example if the best result is obtained with sample 6 further blends with HLB's of 9.3 and 9.1 should be evaluated.
Using blends of surfactants has a number of benefits. Firstly it allows the optimum HLB to be used for each application. Also in many applications, blending emulsifiers with different HLB's can be beneficial, to provide a broader range of HLB's present in the system. This is often beneficial when the oil phase is a mixture rather than an individual chemical species. Blending nonionic and anionic emulsifiers can also be beneficial, in many applications it can increase the stability in applications where a wide range of temperatures can occur.
Sometimes the HLB of the oil may not be known. In this case experimental analysis using a range of nonionic surfactants with varying degrees of ethoxylation but with the same hydrophobe is a good starting method to establish an approximation of the emulsifiers HLB.
Lankem manufactures a wide range of emulsifiers, the following table provides information on their HLB values:
Further reading: The Principles of emulsification
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customer consented to the transaction despite the disclosed conflict? If the customer consented, was the customer in a position to evaluate the effect of the conflict on the customer's interest? The more vulnerable the customer the greater the burden on the investment adviser to show that the customer has knowingly consented to the conflict. Disclosure and customer consent may not always be sufficient remedies for conflicts of interest.
 The examiner will review any written policy of the investment adviser on conflicts of interest and will consider conflicts issues throughout the review of books and records during the audit. An examiner might spot a conflict through review of correspondence with customers, customer complaints, or through the statements of account of customers and of the investment adviser itself and of its employees. Once an examiner has spotted a conflict, the examiner will generally ask the principals of the investment adviser for an explanation. The examiner will then seek further evidence to confirm the representations of the investment adviser. Conflicts of interest may involve serious securities law violations, such as sale of unregistered securities, fraud in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, and unlawful acts of a person advising another. Some of the most serious conflicts problems arise when the investment adviser is also an issuer or is an affiliate of an issuer. If there is an apparent conflict of interest, the investment adviser has a greater burden of showing that the investment recommendation was suitable for the customer.
 7. Custody and Discretion. The examiners will look at the way your firm operates to determine whether it has discretion or custody of client funds. If the adviser has direct or indirect access to client funds or securities, it has custody of client funds. An adviser who is also an issuer of securities is deemed to have custody unless an independent custodian is utilized and the custodial agreement(s) include provisions that define the method by which the advisor receives payment and withdraws funds (via an independent representative). If your firm uses an independent custodian, the examiners may look at whether the adviser has any affiliation with the custodian. The examiner may obtain information regarding how instructions are conveyed to a custodian, who determines where the client funds or securities are maintained, and, if the custodian is a person other than a broker-dealer (such as a bank), how the transactions are settled.
 The examiner may look at your firm's billing practices to determine whether it has custody. An investment adviser may also be deemed to have custody of client funds if it sends the bills for its services directly to the custodian who then automatically pays the adviser unless:
 - The client authorizes the arrangement in writing
 - The adviser sends the invoice to both the client and the custodian at the same time
 - The invoice shows the amount of the fee, how it was calculated and the value of the assets on which the invoice is based
 If you have or are deemed to have custody of client assets, we will want to see how you handle those assets. In particular we will look for any evidence of failure to comply with the rules relating to safeguarding client assets in the adviser's custody. Does Form ADV reflect that the adviser has custody? Are these assets maintained in segregated accounts? Does the adviser maintain the required records of client assets in its custody? Does the client get an itemized statement at least every three months showing the assets in the adviser's custody and the activity in the account? Has the surprise audit of client assets been conducted at least annually by an independent accountant? If the adviser has discretionary authority over the client's account is there any evidence of excessive trading, self-dealing, preferential treatment, unsuitable recommendations, unauthorized transactions or incomplete disclosure?
 8. Compensation. How is the adviser compensated? (Fixed fee, hourly fee, asset-based fee, performance fee, wrap fee arrangements, start up fees, termination fees, soft dollar arrangements, etc.) Is there any evidence of variation in the fees being charged to different clients for the same service? Do the fees charged appear to be reasonable? Are the fees charged consistent with what the clients were told the fees would be?
 9. Marketing. Does the adviser employ paid solicitors? Performance advertising? Testimonials? Misleading DBAs? Does the adviser in any way misrepresent its qualifications? Guarantee results? Any evidence of incomplete disclosure or non-disclosure? False advertising? Use of non-registered persons?
 10. Disclosure. How is the required disclosure made? If a document other than Part 2 of Form ADV is used does it contain all the necessary information? Does the adviser maintain records of delivery of the brochure? Does it appear that disclosure is consistently made in a timely manner? The examiner will look at what investment advisory services are being provided, who is providing those services, what is the client being charged for the services, and what conflicts of interest might be involved for the investment adviser. The examiner will then compare the way the firm operates to the disclosure the firm provides to customers to see if the disclosure accurately reflects the firm's practices.
 11. Contracts. Does the adviser maintain a copy of each contract with every client? Is the contract in writing? Does the contract describe the services to be provided? The term of the contract? The advisory fee and a formula for computing the fee? Is there a provision for the return of any prepaid, unearned fee in the event of termination or nonperformance? Does it state whether discretionary power is granted to the adviser? Does it provide that the contract may not be assigned by the adviser without the consent of the other party? What services are being provided and who is providing are questions that often arise where the investment adviser only introduces the clients to one or more other advisers who will actually provide the investment advice to the client. These questions also arise in connection with wrap fee programs, where some services may be provided by someone other than the investment adviser. The investment advisory agreement should answer these questions, as should the investment adviser's brochure (Part 2 of Form ADV). Alabama Securities Commission auditors review the investment advisory contract and compare the contract with the activity the auditor observes at the audit site and with the contents of Form ADV.
 Does the contract contain a hedge clause, mandate arbitration of disputes, restrict the venue for settlement or otherwise impinge upon the client's rights? Examiners review investment advisory agreements to make sure they do not contain "hedge clauses" in which the investment adviser disclaims liability for losses occasioned by the investment adviser's negligence. Hedge clauses are usually inconsistent with state laws and are therefore ineffective. Inclusion of hedge clauses in an agreement is therefore misleading to clients.
 12. Practice Management. Has the adviser established and maintained written supervisory procedures? Do they include provisions for effective supervision of representatives? Are personnel familiar with the procedures? Is there any evidence of instances of failure to supervise? Does the adviser maintain records of all transactions by the firm and all associates? Are all books and records complete and current? Has the adviser amended its filings with the jurisdiction promptly following changes in the information? Are the adviser's records in an easily understood format? Does the adviser engage in other business activities that present a current or potential conflict of interest?
 How are such conflicts handled? Are financial records and reports prepared and maintained in accordance with accepted accounting principles? Are copies of all filings with the jurisdiction available? Are copies of all advertising or other sales pieces available for examination? Does the adviser maintain a complaint file? Is there anything therein, or elsewhere, that indicates that clients may have misunderstood or been confused by or about the services, contract, compensation, or some other issues?
What is going to happen as a result of the exam?
Once the examiners determine that their job in your office is finished, they still have more to do. Normally, and if time permits, the examiner will conduct an "exit interview" during which the adviser will be apprised of the major points discovered during the on-site portion of the exam. Having discussed their findings and possible action, they will collect their notes and leave.
If the findings are minor, the adviser will be sent a letter outlining the deficiencies and requesting that the adviser respond with a plan to resolve them. If serious violations are discovered, the examiner may refer the matter to the enforcement staff for further investigation and enforcement action. The enforcement action might include having the adviser execute a Consent Order wherein it agrees to specific corrective steps such as hiring an outside consultant to supervise certain aspects of the business or paying a fine or instituting new supervisory procedures. The aim of any such action is to get the adviser into compliance with the law. Occasionally, the examiner discovers violations that cannot be corrected or that suggest that the continuing presence of the firm or one or more of its principals or employees in the investment advisory business would put the investing public at undue risk. In such cases, enforcement staff may take action to suspend or revoke the registration of the offending persons. In the even more rare situations where a crime has been committed, enforcement staff may investigate and make a referral to Alabama Securities Commission's legal division for criminal prosecution.
What about a written report?
As mentioned above, in time, usually sixty to ninety days, you will get a letter from the Alabama Securities Commission. It will set forth any deficiencies noted and ask you to reply stating what corrective action you plan to resolve the stated deficiencies. Fourteen days are usually given to respond to the letter. If you have questions you should call or write to the person who signed the letter. If you need more time to reply send an interim report and note what you have done and how you plan to complete the necessary action. Normally an extension can be granted upon reasonable request.
How do we know it is over?
Most of the time, when you satisfactorily reply to the deficiency letter and receive an exam closure letter this will mark the end of the experience until the next exam cycle. However, if you had significant problems,


text:
|Spreading the word on skimboarding - responsibly|
A group of local Grade 4 students are taking it to the beach! Arrowview Elementary's Garbage Busters Club has turned its focus towards keeping local beaches healthy. Expanding their focus from clean communities, students have designed and created posters to help educate skimboarders about eelgrass and beach conservation.
"One of the things we've learned as part of our nearshore beach study is the huge impact that we have on creatures which live in our beach areas," says student teacher Janet Richards. With help from MVIHES' Michele Deakin, students learned about the eelgrass beds along the beach tide line and how skimboarding over and through this fragile eco habitat can adversely affect animals and plants.
Students brainstormed ideas to educate skimboarders to use the beach responsibly including using non-toxic waxes, placing ramps and structures away from the eelgrass beds, and using barren pools instead of tide lines. A new colourful poster campaign will help spread the word to the thousands of beach users this summer. "The students understand that if we take care of this important resource, it will be there when they get older," says teacher Jodi Waters.
Look for the student posters around Parksville and Qualicum Beach including businesses which support recreational activities along the beach.
This project is part of the nearshore education program offered by MVIHES with the support of the Town of Qualicum Beach, the City of Parksville and Georgia Basin Living Rivers.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
elcome to historic Germantown!
George Washington and the capital were here in 1793. During the Revolution, the Battle of Germantown was fought up and down the main street, with muskets firing from house windows. The first American Bible was published here, and the first kidnapping in the United States also took place in Germantown. The writer Louisa May Alcott was born here and the painter Gilbert Stuart worked in a small barn in Germantown.
merica's history lies in the cobblestones of Germantown Avenue, echoes through the halls of Stenton and Cliveden, and is forever captured in Germantown's historic buildings, homes, and cemeteries. An incredible amount of history took place in the distance of a few miles in this historic town, now part of Philadelphia.
ermantown became a big industrial town in the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Then in the 1940's and 50's the area's affluent citizens began to leave for the suburbs. Today, Germantown is undoubtedly a very urbanized region; however, the historical sites have been very well preserved by the active Historical Society and the National Park Service. Most are open to the public. Explore historic Germantown with this virtual tour.


Skip to main content
Anders Dahlgren
About Anders Dahlgren
Anders Dahlgren is an art historian and an architect, and a PhD candidate in Art History and Visual Studies since September 2011. Dahlgren's PhD project is about the art, architectural and urban historical project Svensk stad (Swedish Towns), published in two volumes in 1950 and 1953. The project was conducted by the Art History Professor Gregor Paulsson (_PHONE_), but was a collective endeavour that included professionals from various academic disciplines. In the preface 15 people are mentioned as co-authors.
The PhD project investigates the historical and theoretical context of Svensk stad, how the project was carried out (the practice of research), how it has been received (the reception) and how it has influenced following architectural research and practice.


Saving Docket Entries to Activities
AdvoLogix downloads all of the docket entries attached to a UniCourt case when it is saved. Docket entries represent a series of activities grouped by virtue of a common timeline objective in UniCourt. This results in the ability to assign important events or task to individuals within your organization with ease.
Saving Docket Entries
A new proposed action for saving docket entries is added to the UniCourt case by AdvoLogix. This action is available only when your case is already attached to a matter. The action will take users to an interface where they can configure the docket entries before being saved as events or tasks.
AdvoLogix saves each selected docket entry to a task or an event with dates already filled out by respective docket entries.
From left to right, the column headings are described as follows:
 1. Create Activity - Enable this checkbox to create an AdvoLogix activity for the docket entry.
 2. Type - Can be either task or event.
 3. Activity Date - The activity due date is automatically determined by the docket entry. Events also have the ability to set a start time and duration.
 4. Duration - The duration of the event. Only shown when the activity type is an event.
 5. Subject - Identifies the task or event; in the same manner served when creating a calendar activity manually. The default for this value is provided by respective docket entries.
 6. Assigned To - Represents the individual or user to which the activity will be scheduled. As with standard activities, when enabled, multiple assignees may be selected for events.
 7. Priority - Represents the priority for the specified task. Only shown when the activity type is task.
 8. Reminder - Will enable a reminder for the specified activity.
 9. Mass Assign - Allows activities to be mass assigned to a specific user or the user specified on a matter lookup field. Completed activities will not be reassigned.
 10. From/To - The ability to filter the docket entries by a date range provided.


text:
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
Most Active Stories
That's What They Say
Sun June 24, 2012
Ever wonder what LOL means?
Laugh out loud, or lots of love?
LOL might not actually mean what you think it does. Anne Curzan is a professor of English at the University of Michigan. She told Michigan Radio's Rina Miller that students tell her they use LOL as a listening noise.
"A listening noise is what we do in face to face conversation when we show people we're paying attention, and we make little noises like, 'uh huh, uh huh, yeah,'" Curzan said.
"And what's happening when speakers are now texting or doing online chatting, they need to show people that they're there, and LOL has become an online listening noise or a back channel...the other thing it can do is show that you're kidding. So if you send a message, and you want to make sure that you're showing that you are being sarcastic or ironic or just kidding you can put LOL at the end," said Curzan.
Miller said, "Some of us might think that our language is on the skids, and it's all children's fault (LOL)."
Curzan disagrees. "I think what we see happening is that speakers are taking the English language and adapting it to the new needs that they have. And online, the communication is so fast that we need the written language now to do things that the spoken language can do for us, so we're using LOL as a listening noise, or we're doing things like using those winky faces to say, 'I'm kidding,' or 'I'm smiling right now' to help the people who are reading our messages understand."


text: Bibi Degn describes how to establish a respectful relationship with one's horse using the TTouch way developed by Linda Tellington-Jones. The touch was developed to create a safe and meaningful friendship for both the horse and the rider. Degn relates the information with the help of her children, Joran, an Arabian gelding, and Angie, the "guardian angel" of animals. Photographs by Horst Streitferdt clearly illustrate touches, use of equipment, and training procedures. Pages tell of many aspects of horsemanship before and after riding – greeting, leading, grooming, mounting (both bareback and with a saddle), learning to "read" a horse's mood, and using some equipment (halters, ropes).


text:
Soil Testingwith pH and EC Pens
How to use this equipment and interpret the results, without breaking the bank.
A number of
inexpensive pen-like instruments are available that can be used in the
greenhouse to determine growth medium pH and soluble salts. The cost of the
individual pH and electrical conductivity (EC) "pens" ranges from
$50-80, and a combination pH/EC pen costs about $120. Pens are available from
most greenhouse, agricultural and forestry supply houses. Proper use of these
instruments provides accurate pH and EC measurements, which a grower can use to
make immediate crop management decisions or to seek further in-depth testing by
a commercial soil test lab.
Supplies style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"55 Helvetica Roman"'>
In addition to
the pens, you will need the following items to take care of the pens and do pH
and EC (soluble salts) tests. Many of the items can be obtained for free or
inexpensively from home or the grocery store. Of course, more expensive,
professional supplies can be purchased from a science lab supply company, but
the expensive accessories won't necessarily make the tests turn out any better.
Here is the basic list of what you'll need:
4 and 7 buffer solutions to calibrate the pH pen
standard solution to calibrate EC pen
funnel (5- to 6-inch top diameter)
plastic cups or clean 15-oz. glass jars
waxed paper cups
colander (6-inch dia. min.)
baking pan or 8- to 10-inch diameter plant saucers
Calibration of Pens style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"55 Helvetica Roman"'>
All of the
commonly available pens and more expensive types of pH and EC meters work on
the same basic principles, and if they are calibrated properly, should give the
same readings. All pens and meters must be calibrated or standardized to give
consistent and dependable readings each time they are used. If a pen or meter
has no means of being calibrated, it is probably not going to give good
procedures differ somewhat depending on the brand of pens and of course, the
instructions accompanying the pens you buy should be followed carefully. On
some you push a button, on others you turn a small screw to set display at the
proper value. For pH pens, calibration is done with the pH 7 buffer solution or
by a "two point" calibration using the pH 4 and pH 7 buffers.
Calibration involves placing the pH pen in a 3-oz. cup of buffer solution,
allowing a stable reading to develop and then, if necessary, adjusting the
displayed value to the pH of the buffer. The EC standard solution is used in
the same way to calibrate the EC pen. After calibration the used solutions
should be discarded.
is a must to get any useful information from pens and meters. How often
calibration needs to be done depends on the type Á of meter and
frequency of use. Readings of even the most expensive laboratory meters tend to
"drift" over time and must be brought back to the proper reading
fairly often. When you first start using the pens, plan on calibrating at the
beginning of every testing session until you find out how much the readings
drift between sessions. Most pens come with a couple of small packets of buffer
or standard solution to get started, so you will need to purchase more for
future use very soon.
The pens can
be used to directly measure pH or EC of some types of samples with no special
style='font-family:"55 Helvetica Roman"'>. They can be used directly to measure
the pH of irrigation water, hydroponic solutions and pesticide solutions.
Calibrate the pen first according to the instructions, rinse off the buffer and
then place the pen directly into a sample large enough to completely immerse
the sensor. Agitate the pen slightly in the sample to dislodge any air bubbles,
then allow a stable reading to develop. Checking the pH of irrigation water is
useful, but remember that an alkalinity test is needed to get a complete
picture on how water pH might be affecting your crop.
style='font-family:"55 Helvetica Roman"'>. These can be used to measure the EC
of fertilizer solutions and to check the operation of fertilizer injectors. The
EC pen is used in the same way as the pH pen. To check the operation of an
injector, you will need to: 1) Determine the EC of water without fertilizer; 2)
check the fertilizer solution after the injector has run for several minutes;
3) subtract the EC of the water from the fertilizer solution EC; and 4) compare
the results to the table on the fertilizer bag or product literature. This will
tell you whether or not you are getting the ppm you think you are.
the sensors of the pH and EC pens carefully with distilled water between
measurements to avoid contaminating the next sample with residue from the
previous sample or buffer.
terms, greenhouse growth media is tested for pH and EC by extracting the sample
with water and making the pH and EC measurements on the extracts. Some testing
Á meters claim you can stick the sensor probes directly into the growth
medium and take readings, but this approach has not gained wide acceptance in
the field of professional soil testing.
The two most
common testing systems for on-site measurements of pH and EC are the
traditional 1:2 dilution method, outlined here, and the relatively new Leachate
PourThru method. Both methods are easy to do using the pens and can be used to
help diagnose problems and track pH and EC changes as a crop grows.
1:2 Dilution Method style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"55 Helvetica Roman"'>
growth medium. Take
samples from the root zone or use all of the material in several pots of plants
representative of the crop or problem under diagnosis. Never sample from the
surface alone because nutrients and soluble salts accumulate here and do not
represent the fertility status of the root zone. Sampling is a good time to
inspect the plant's roots, a small or diseased root system can often be the
best explanation of apparent fertility problems.
It is best to
air-dry the sample at room temperature or below 80° F on a greenhouse
bench. Spread the sample out in a baking pan or plastic saucer and remove any
large pieces of root and other debris. Unless the sample is very wet, it should
be dry enough in 24 hours to test. Screen the dry sample using the colander or
similar sieve. The dried and screened sample is ready to test.
and analyze. The
extraction procedure for the 1:2 dilution method is as follows: 1) Combine one
volume of air-dried growth medium with two volumes of distilled water. Using
the items listed earlier, fill one 3-oz. cup with growth medium and two 3-oz.
cups with distilled water and mix them together in a 16-oz. cup; 2) mix the
sample and distilled water thoroughly by swirling the cup and then allow it to
stand for 30 minutes; 3) after 30 minutes pour the mixture into the funnel
supporting the coffee filter. (I find two filters put together work best.) Catch
the filtered extract in another 16-oz. cup. The objective is to separate the
liquid extract from the solids, which are discarded. The extract is now ready
to test for pH and EC; 4) properly calibrate pens; 5) pour enough extract into
a clean 3-oz. cup so that the sensor of the pen will be completely immersed in
the extract. The pen should be swirled in the extract to dislodge any air
bubbles and then leave the pen still until a stable (unchanging) reading
appears. The stable pH or EC reading is your result; and 6) compare your EC
reading to Figure 3, left. This EC figure is specific to the 1:2 dilution
method. Do not use any other figure unless it states "1:2 method."
The pH tables in this fact sheet or pH information from other sources can be
used to interpret data.
Leachate PourThru Method
alternative to the 1:2 dilution method is the Leachate PourThru method, a
procedure by which the pot leachates are analyzed for pH and EC directly using the
pens. Details of this procedure can be found at North Carolina State
University's Web site at _URL_ (look for the topic PourThru
sampling). A big advantage of this method is that the growth medium is not
sampled, so the plants are not disturbed and no time is spent preparing the
growth medium for testing. Leachate PourThru is a great way to graphically
track changes in pH and EC over time, but the testing protocol must be followed
carefully to get the best results -- it is not as simple as just testing
whatever comes out of the pot. If a grower plans to do only limited testing,
say a couple of times during the growing season, the 1:2 method may be more
Interpreting Test Data
pH -- soil
greenhouse crops can grow satisfactorily over a fairly wide pH range. However,
optimum pH ranges have been established for some crops and soilless media and
mixes


Problem Solving: Decision tables
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Jump to: navigation, search
UNIT 1 - ⇑ Problem Solving ⇑
← Structure charts Decision tables Finite state machines →
Decision tables are compact and precise ways of modelling complicated logic, such as that which you might use in a computer program. They do this by mapping the different states of a program to an action that a program should perform. Decision tables take on the following format:
The four quadrants
Conditions Condition alternatives
Actions Action entries
A technical support company writes a decision table to diagnose printer problems based upon symptoms described to them over the phone from their clients. They type the following data into the advice program:
 1. Printer does print
 2. Red light is flashing
 3. Printer is recognised
The program then uses the decision table to find the correct actions to perform, namely that of Check / Replace ink.
Printer troubleshooter
Conditions Printer does not print Y Y Y Y N N N N
A red light is flashing Y Y N N Y Y N N
Printer is unrecognised Y N Y N Y N Y N
Actions Check the power cable X
Check the printer-computer cable X X
Ensure printer software is installed X X X X
Check/replace ink X X X X
Check for paper jam X X
Example: Decision Tables
Let's take a look at a computer game example, for a football simulation the following rules are set up.
Conditions 90 minutes Y Y Y
Team A Winning Y
Team B Winning Y Y
Draw Y
Actions Game Over X X
Team A Wins X
Team B Wins X
Extra Time X
Keep Playing X X
What happens when:
 1. 90 minutes up
 2. the game is a draw
Answer: Keep Playing and give them some extra time
Exercise: Decision Tables
Create a decision table for the following program in an office email system
 - Send email when Recipient address present, subject present, before 5:30pm
 - If after 5:30pm then put in pending folder
 - If Recipient address missing or subject message, give warning message
Answer :
This question is open to interpretation, but you should have something resembling this:
Conditions Address Present Y Y Y
Subject Present Y Y Y
Before 5:30 Y Y Y
Actions Send Mail X
Error Message X X
Make pending X
Describe the use of Decision Tables
Answer :
Determine logical conditions and consequential actions.
UNIT 1 - ⇑ Problem Solving ⇑
← Structure charts Decision tables Finite state machines →


text:
View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
Definition of EXPOSURE THERAPY
: psychotherapy that involves repeated real, visualized, or simulated exposure to or confrontation with a feared situation or object or a traumatic event or memory in order to achieve habituation and that is used especially in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, or phobias
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up exposure therapy? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
In the digital age, with its constant bombardment of emails, notifications, and social media updates, genuine family time is fast becoming a rare commodity. While technology has indisputably brought the world closer, it has ironically distanced those sitting right next to us – our family. Amid this chaos, there's one nostalgic artifact that beckons us to pause, reflect, and reconnect – the family photo.
The family photo is more than just a snapshot. It's a doorway to a moment frozen in time, a testament to the stages we've lived, loved, and grown through. The magic of a family photo lies not just in its visual imagery but also in the memories, emotions, and stories it encapsulates.
1. The Power of a Single Frame
Look around your home, and you're likely to find a family photo that immediately brings a smile to your face or a tear to your eye. That photo of your toddler's first steps, the joyous family gathering during a festival, or that impromptu snapshot taken on a lazy Sunday afternoon. These are the moments that define our lives.
What's truly beautiful about these photos is that they capture both the momentous and the mundane. They remind us that family isn't just about the big milestones but also about the everyday moments that, when pieced together, make up the mosaic of our lives.
2. Reflections of Change and Growth
Family photos serve as gentle reminders of how we evolve. From kids transitioning through their rebellious teenage years to adults becoming parents and then grandparents, these photos chronicle our journey.
And it's not just about physical growth. The background of a family photo can reveal moving to a new home, transitioning jobs, or exploring new cities. All of these highlight the family's shared experiences and struggles.
3. Rekindling Bonds
Often, as kids grow up, they move out, charting their own courses and building their own lives. The annual family photo then becomes an enduring ritual. It's that one occasion where everyone comes together, setting aside their differences, and rekindling bonds. Even if siblings have squabbled or parents and children have disagreed, the family photo session becomes an event where everyone wears their best smiles.
4. The Therapeutic Touch
In challenging times, a trip down memory lane can offer solace. Going through old albums and reminiscing about happier times can be therapeutic. It can provide the strength needed to face current challenges, with the knowledge that this too shall pass and soon enough, this moment will just be another picture in a future album.
5. Passing Down Stories
Every family photo has a story behind it. Sharing these stories becomes an essential family tradition. It keeps alive the tales of past generations and helps younger members connect with their roots. Narrating the anecdotes associated with each picture helps in passing down values, life lessons, and the essence of what the family stands for.
6. A Tool for Reconnection
In an era where life seems to be moving at breakneck speed, pausing to look at a family photo can be grounding. It offers an opportunity to disconnect from the virtual world and reconnect with reality – our roots, our loved ones, our past, and our shared history.
Incorporating Family Photos in Daily Life
Given the immense value that family photos bring to our lives, here are some ways to weave them into your daily routine:
- Photo Albums: Despite the digital age, there's an unparalleled charm in flipping through a physical photo album. Dedicate a day each year to compile the year's best moments. This activity can be a fun family event in itself.
- Wall Galleries: Designate a wall in your home for family photos. Watching the wall grow over the years can be incredibly heartwarming.
- Digital Slideshows: Create a digital slideshow of your family's year in review. Watch it together during family gatherings or during the holiday season.
- Gifts: Personalized gifts using family photos, like calendars, mugs, or photo books, can be a hit. They serve as a constant reminder of cherished moments.
- Recreation: Recreate old family photos. It's a fun way to see how everyone has changed and grown over the years.
The value of a family photo extends far beyond the pixels that capture it. It's a legacy, an emotion, a touchstone, and a window into our past. As we navigate through the complexities of modern life, let's take a moment to cherish these frozen moments in time. After all, life isn't measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments – and photos – that take our breath away.
A family photo isn't just a picture; it's a memory encapsulated in time. With the right preparation and mindset, coupled with the expertise of Shoott photographers, your outdoor family photo will be a cherished keepsake for years to come. Read more useful tips about having a photoshoot.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What does wheel PCD mean? - Wheel-Fitment.com - PCD, Offset, Center Bore, mounting and tire size data
Deutsch EU English US English Nederlands Belgisch French
What is PCD?
The bolt circle is the circle determined by the positions of the bolts; the center of every bolt lies on the circumference of the bolt circle.
The important measurement is the "pitch circle diameter" (PCD), usually expressed in millimeters, although inches are sometimes used. For a 4- or 6-bolt car, this measurement is merely the distance between the center of two diametrically opposite bolts. In the 4-bolt picture this would be the distance between 2 opposite holes.
Steek met 4 boutgaten Steek met 6 boutgaten
Some basic geometry is needed to find the center of a 5-bolt pattern: But basically, the PCD can be found by multiplying the center distance between any two adjacent holes by 1.701.
Or just draw an imaginary circle throught the center of all holes, now measure the diameter of this circle.
Steek met 5 boutgaten
Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Wheel-Fitment.com. All rights reserved.
Wheel-Fitment.com is not responsible for the consequences of any (type) errors on this site.


text:
Apple Pie Chinese Theatre
Apple Pie Language Chinese Theatre is a fun and interactive Speech & Drama programme that focus on improving Chinese oracy skills and boost self-confidence in children. Children are introduced and exposed to the aesthetics of the Chinese language through music and movement, tongue twisters, nursery songs, storytelling, language games, role play, poetry/rhymes recital, speech and drama production based on different genres and themes. By learning through play and the medium of performing arts, children will develop their imagination and creativity, improve their communication and social skills, build up their confidence to effectively express themselves in public. Our aim is to nurture and instill a life-long love and appreciation for Chinese Language in young children.
Chinese Little Theatre
Course is not just speech and drama. It is experiential education, involving a series of comprehensive educational activities carried out through the expression of drama. Through the training in the four elements of Theatre Course: Voice, Speech, Body movement and Drama performance, combined with the liberating nature of our teaching method, the Chinese Theatre Course will develop children's confidence and expressiveness which also help to cultivate children's abilities to Observe, Imitate, Think, Express and Work in teams.
Helen O'Grady Drama
Helen O'Grady Drama programme provides instruction to children in articulation, voice projection, facial expression, body language/gestures and helps them develop confidence and poise for public speaking as well as effective social and communication skills.
Kindergym is a general gymnastics program designed to develop gross motor skills, movement creativity, physical development, tumbling, body awareness and communication skills, while building self-confidence and self-esteem through fitness and fun in a safe environment through our comprehensive gymnastics classes.
Kinderdance introduces the elements of tap, ballet, imagery and acrobatics to develop the child's self-confidence and self esteem whilst encouraging body awareness and improved co-ordination, stability and flexibility.
Pre-Nursery and Nursery children will be taught both numeracy and linguistics as a step to a whole brain approach.
Phonetics Levels 1 & 2 Workshop
The phonics class will reiterate the sounds of the 26 letters of the alphabet, teach letter blending, vowels, consonants and simple frequency words for Level 1 (K1). For Level 2 (K2), comprehension, close passage, vocabulary, composition writing and English rules are incorporated. This program aims for the children to be Primary 1 ready!
P1 Preparatory Maths
We specialize in Higher order Math, Holistic Math and English for pre nursery and nursery as well as phonetics for K1 and K2. We believe in teaching with passion. Help your children be the best versions of themselves
Ru's Piano Studio
Specially designed keyboard program for your child that will:
- Experience the strengthening of right brain & speech memory
- Enjoy and appreciate different genres of music
- Have improved motor skills, hand-eye coordination that helps in reading and many other life skills
- Understand keyboard typography and note sequencing better
- Strengthen the foundation musical concepts that will help your child not only in music but the development of the whole child
Early brain development will definitely make a huge difference throughout your child's life. Using proven techniques that develop both the analytical left brain and the intuitive right brain, your child will be equipped to fully maximise their brain power, thus creating faster learning, better memory & recall, and most importantly, confidence to face challenges.
High Touch High Tech Science
Though discovery style learning, hands-on activities and inquiry based dialogue, children are engaged in exciting lessons that encourage them to explore the many wonders of science. The activities include learning how flowering plants reproduce, discovery of fungi, finding more about the footsteps of animals, discovery of our heart, making chlorophyll separate, learning more about the pH scale, discovery of our amazing sense of smell and more!
Wow!ARTec Preschool Robotics and Coding STEM Programme
An integrated curricula of Science, Engineering, Numeracy and Technology that promotes children's cognitive capabilities to think critically and innovatively, build resilience and flexibility in problem solving and promote digital competencies while having fun building robots and learning to code. The course offers lots of opportunities for hands-on experimentation and exploration, allowing children to learn and build their knowledge through play.
It also develops math's skills and spatial awareness.
John Langrehr Thinking Program
This enrichment is based on a well established principles of thinking psychology. The program is also be supported by a wide range of thinking questions, problem solving scenarios, practical hands-on activities, fun worksheets and learning games.
Abacus-Mental Arithmetic Course
To provide students with a head start in Mathematics. Benefits include improving listening ability, memory and concentration power, boosting thinking ability, building confidence and developing a greater interest in Mathematics.
Public Speaking for Kids
We are the leading Public Speaking School for kids in Singapore. Our comprehensive programs are meticulously crafted by our panel of professional speakers and business leaders to be well-rounded and effective. Our children have multiple opportunities to practice their public speaking skills in front of their peers to ensure public speaking becomes second nature to them.
Read and Write Program (Creative Writing)
The Read & Write Program is offered to Kindergarten 2 students to build confidence and interest in reading and writing independently.
The course encompasses step-by-step guided reading and writing to equip the student for future learning in primary education.
- Each student be able to read independently
- Each student be able to express him/herself creatively in speech and writing
- Logical and sequential thinking in story and event narration
GREEN APPLE CULTURE COMMUNICATION
- To acquire knowledge of Chinese phonetics.
- To be able to substitute difficult or unknown Chinese characters with Hanyu Pinyin in written work.
- To be able to read books with Hanyu Pinyin.
- To improve proficiency in Mandarin.
- Pronunciation of initials, finals and syllables
- The 4 tones and rules of writing tone-graph
- Rules of phonetics spelling
- Nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, etc.
|1||Chinese Speech and Drama|
|3||English Speech and Drama|
|6||Preparatory Classes + Phonetics Level 1 & 2 Workshop|
|10||P1 Preparatory Maths|
|11||High Touch High Tech Science|
|12||Robotics STEM program|
|13||John Langrehr Thinking Program|
|14||Abacus-Mental Arithmetic Course|
|15||Public Speaking for Kids|
|16||Read & Write Program (Creative Writing)|
|2||Chinese Little Theatre|


text:
The Japanese do not just dream of perfect ski slopes, they are developing the technology to produce them.
Six Japanese companies have carried out 'extensive research' to provide artificial snow for Japan's skiers when nature fails to fill the need (European patents 440 256 and 440 257).
Existing snow machines only work properly at very low ambient temperatures; otherwise they just produce slush. The new trick is to use granules of polymer, such as polyacrylic acid salts, which absorb a large volume of water. The snow makers then mix the bloated polymer with natural snow, if available, or other artificial snow. Finally they freeze the mixture.
Ice bridges form between the polymer granules and snow crystals to make good snow for skiing. The companies have tried colouring the snow with dyes and adding perfume, so that the snow smells nice as well as looking good.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
A History Book Publisher for Your Educational Establishment
It is the mission of a school that sets the stage for all that follows. The founders – who they were and why they were drawn to educationis often the first chapter of a school's history. Upon their vision, bricks and mortar and enduring traditions were built. The story continues to be told by the students, faculty, and loyal alumni. The buildings and the mascots, the activities and the athletes, all can play an important part in making a school what it is today. A school history appendix might include a list of founders, presidents, curators, prestigious faculty, or national championships. If you're searching for a history book publisher The Donning team can help you refine the essence an education at your institution and then tell that unique story through carefully selected words and images.
Here's a list of a few of the schools we've worked with.
- Colorado Christian University
- Jefferson City Public Schools
- Kansas State University
- Kuyper College
- Lamar High School Alumni
- LIM College
- The University of San Francisco
- Columbia College
- University of Memphis
- Maryland University
- Tennessee State University


text:
Comparing Opening Patterns of Chain vs Community Establishments During COVID-19
Social learning shows community establishments follow decisions that nearby chain establishments make
As places where people congregate, business firms have a decent amount of power and influence on how people interact during situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Even under government regulations and health guidelines, these firms have considerable control over keeping their establishment open or closed.
In their recent paper, Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Sameer B. Srivastava take this premise and examine the role social learning has on the decisions these establishments make. More specifically, they focus on how chain establishments' decisions to remain open or close impact community establishments (that are independently owned and operated) in the same industries.
Accurate, detailed SafeGraph point of interest (POI) data about chain and community establishments (by industry) enabled this study, as researchers could plot these locations and analyze mobility patterns. As you can see above, detailed POI data lets them map chain and community establishments, as well as distinguish between which ones were open and closed at different times.
A number of factors had to be considered during the course of their study, which are tracked in the table above. This includes whether the location was open or not and the key independent variable, the proportion of chain establishments that are open in the same zip code and industry as the focal community establishment. They also accounted for a lag in social learning, expecting these community establishments to be behind the chain counterparts in adopting policies.
Make sure you check out the full research paper:
Social Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Establishments' Closure Decisions Follow Those of Nearby Chain Establishments
Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Sameer B. Srivastava.
This research was made possible with Placekey's universal location identifier and SafeGraph's mobility datasets that allow you to analyze movement patterns. To learn what others using these solutions are doing, join the SafeGraph community!


You may also like
problem icon
problem icon
Tiles on a Patio
problem icon
Stage: 2 Challenge Level: Challenge Level:1
Chetan sent in this solution.
The total area of each one of the square shaped patio (3 X 3, 4 X 4, 5 X 5) is 9, 16 and 25 respectively.
Hence, with the available size of 1 X 1, 2 X 2, 3 X 3 and 4 X 4, we just need to find the tile values that total the area of the square.
example: for 4 X 4 = 16. Hence, the sum of the tiles areas should add up to 16.
no. of 4 X 4 = 1 (area 16)
no. of 1 X 1 = 16 (area 16)
no. of 2 X 2 = 4 (area 16)
no. of 3 X 3 = 1; 1 X 1 = 7 (area 16)
Hence, with respect to the total area of the square we will need to calculate the factors that sum up to the total number.
However, Paul from Brentside High School said:
So with a 5x5 square you could assume that: 1 tile of 3x3 = 9 and 4 tiles of 2x2 =16.
As 9+16 = 25 therefore you could use 5 tiles.
But in fact you can't as there is no configuration that will fit (without cutting the tiles which is not allowed).
So to say that we just need to find tile values that total the area of the square is not correct.
You are absolutely right, Paul. Paul goes on to wonder whether there is a purely numerical solution to the problem. I am not sure that there is, as you would have to take into account the spatial aspect too. What do you think?


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Showing 3D Directional Sensitivity¶
The 3d_dtcwt_directionality.py script in the examples directory shows how one may demonstrate the directional sensitivity of the 3D DT-CWT complex subband coefficients. It computes empirically the maximally sensitive directions for each subband and plots them in an interactive figure using matplotlib. A screenshot is reproduced below:
There are some points to note about this diagram. Each subband is labeled sich that '1' refers to the first subband, '5' the fifth and so forth. On this diagram the subbands are all four apart reflecting the fact that, for example, subbands 2, 3 and 4 are positioned in the other four quadrants of the upper hemisphere reflecting the position of subband 1. There are seven visible subband directions in the +ve quadrant of the hemisphere and hence there are 28 directions in total over all four quadrants.
The source for the script is shown below:
#!/bin/python """ An example of the directional selectivity of 3D DT-CWT coefficients. This example creates a 3D array holding an image of a sphere and performs the 3D DT-CWT transform on it. The locations of maxima (and their images about the mid-point of the image) are determined for each complex coefficient at level 2. These maxima points are then shown on a single plot to demonstrate the directions in which the 3D DT-CWT transform is selective. """ # Import the libraries we need from matplotlib.pyplot import * import numpy as np from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection from dtcwt import dtwavexfm3, dtwaveifm3, biort, qshift # Specify details about sphere and grid size GRID_SIZE = 128 SPHERE_RAD = int(0.45 * GRID_SIZE) + 0.5 # Compute an image of the sphere grid = np.arange(-(GRID_SIZE>>1), GRID_SIZE>>1) X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(grid, grid, grid) r = np.sqrt(X*X + Y*Y + Z*Z) sphere = (0.5 + np.clip(SPHERE_RAD-r, -0.5, 0.5)).astype(np.float32) # Specify number of levels and wavelet family to use nlevels = 2 b = biort('near_sym_a') q = qshift('qshift_a') # Form the DT-CWT of the sphere. We use discard_level_1 since we're # uninterested in the inverse transform and this saves us some memory. Yl, Yh = dtwavexfm3(sphere, nlevels, b, q, discard_level_1=True) # Plot maxima figure(figsize=(8,8)) ax = gcf().add_subplot(1,1,1, projection='3d') ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.view_init(35, 75) # Plot unit sphere +ve octant thetas = np.linspace(0, np.pi/2, 10) phis = np.linspace(0, np.pi/2, 10) def sphere_to_xyz(r, theta, phi): st, ct = np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta) sp, cp = np.sin(phi), np.cos(phi) return r * np.asarray((st*cp, st*sp, ct)) tris = rad = 0.99 # so that points plotted latter are not z-clipped for t1, t2 in zip(thetas[:-1], thetas[1:]): for p1, p2 in zip(phis[:-1], phis[1:]): tris.append([ sphere_to_xyz(rad, t1, p1), sphere_to_xyz(rad, t1, p2), sphere_to_xyz(rad, t2, p2), sphere_to_xyz(rad, t2, p1), ]) sphere = Poly3DCollection(tris, facecolor='w', edgecolor=(0.6,0.6,0.6)) ax.add_collection3d(sphere) locs = scale = 1.1 for idx in xrange(Yh[-1].shape): Z = Yh[-1][:,:,:,idx] C = np.abs(Z) max_loc = np.asarray(np.unravel_index(np.argmax(C), C.shape)) - np.asarray(C.shape)*0.5 max_loc /= np.sqrt(np.sum(max_loc * max_loc)) # Only record directions in the +ve octant (or those from the -ve quadrant # which can be flipped). if np.all(np.sign(max_loc) == 1): locs.append(max_loc) ax.text(max_loc * scale, max_loc * scale, max_loc * scale, str(idx+1)) elif np.all(np.sign(max_loc) == -1): locs.append(-max_loc) ax.text(-max_loc * scale, -max_loc * scale, -max_loc * scale, str(idx+1)) # Plot all directions as a scatter plot locs = np.asarray(locs) ax.scatter(locs[:,0], locs[:,1], locs[:,2], c=np.arange(locs.shape)) w = 1.1 ax.auto_scale_xyz([0, w], [0, w], [0, w]) legend() title('3D DT-CWT subband directions for +ve hemisphere quadrant') tight_layout() show() # vim:sw=4:sts=4:et
2D Image Registration¶
This library includes support for 2D image registration modelled after the 3D algorithm outlined in the paper Efficient Registration of Nonrigid 3-D Bodies. The image-registration-2.py script in the examples directory shows a complete worked example of using the registration API using two sets of source images: a woman playing tennis and some traffic at a road junction.
It will attempt to register two image pairs: a challenging sequence from a video sequence and a sequence from a traffic camera. The result is shown below.


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How to train Siberian Husky – tips
Here are some tips on how to train your Siberian Husky. Be the pack leader. Avoid using the same command over. Be consistent with your training methods and avoid giving the same command repeatedly. If your dog chews on your shoes, never let it get away with it. The same punishment will make him understand that chewing is not acceptable. Also, try to encourage him to sing as much as possible.
Be the leader of the pack
Be the pack leader when training your Siberian Husky. Siberian Husky's respond best to leadership, and if you lack confidence, your dog will try to take the lead. It will feel insecure, and may start to overprotect itself. If your dog does not feel secure in its leadership role, it may become overly shy or may even try to take control of the household.
Huskies are very intelligent creatures, but they're not as biddable or intelligent as other breeds. Because of this, training a Siberian Husky can be a challenge. Nevertheless, they're not as difficult as other breeds, and the rewards for a well-trained dog will last a lifetime. And as long as you know how to reward them well, your dog will become a good member of the pack.
Avoid repeating commands
The first step in teaching your Husky the stay command is to make sure you don't repeat the command too much. Often, people who join gyms in January will quit before February even arrives. The key is to gradually increase the length of time a Husky must wait before getting up. To make the training process more effective, try teaching the command to your Husky over several training sessions. Ultimately, you want your Husky to stay in one position and come when you say it.
If you're trying to teach your Husky a new command, don't make it too simple. Huskys are pack animals and they only follow their leaders. Therefore, repeating the command too often can cause your dog to become aggressive. A good solution is to show your dog who is the pack leader by demonstrating your dominance over the dog. Don't force the dog to perform the command if you want to avoid conflict or punishment.
Be consistent with training methods
When training your Siberian Husky, consistency is key. Your Husky will associate your actions with your words and movements, and training methods should be the same no matter how your Husky responds to them. If you train a Husky with different methods, you might confuse him and make him confused about what you want. Be consistent with your methods and be patient. Consistency is important because dogs don't understand everything and will not respond well to inconsistent training methods.
Huskies are highly intelligent and physically strong, and require more training than other breeds. The same problem behaviors in small dogs can become unacceptable in large dogs. For this reason, reward-based training techniques are essential for success. In addition to reward-based training, dog-friendly training methods are most effective for training your Siberian Husky. If you can't afford a trainer, take your dog to a training class or seek out a dog trainer.
Encourage Siberian husky to sing
As a first step to encouraging your Siberian husky to sing, trigger the singing behaviour by calling it. Then reward your pup with a treat if it does so. Soon your husky will be able to imitate the same behaviour. You can use a clicker or whistle to train your dog to respond to this command. The trick is to make sure you use the same command every time.
Huskies are naturally quite vocal and should get at least one hour of exercise each day. However, you can train your husky to imitate singing by playing high-pitched noises on your stereo. You can also try playing a husky video on Youtube so it will learn to howl when you call for it. Once he understands the correct way to howl, he'll be more likely to do so.
Provide a safe, structured, comfortable environment
A safe, structured environment is essential for training your Siberian Husky. Huskies are highly intelligent and learn well when conditioned over time in a predictable setting. By creating routines, you can make the most of your time together, while minimizing the stress of a sudden change in routine. Here are some tips for successfully training your Siberian Husky:
– A fenced yard is a must for this breed. Siberian Huskies love to run and must be exercised daily. Siberian Huskys are active dogs and should be walked several miles per day. During their daily exercise, they will release pent-up energy and minimize excessive howling. They also have the reputation of being „escape artists" and will try to sneak out of the yard if they get bored.
Avoid punishing aggressive chewers
If you're looking for tips to stop your Siberian Husky from being aggressive, you've come to the right place. While chewing is a normal part of puppyhood, you should understand that it's a natural behaviour that needs to be curbed. Siberian husky chewing can be beneficial to your dog's health, as it massages its gums and exercises its jaws. It's best not to punish or discourage aggressive chewing, but rather, provide the dog with appropriate toys to engage in. For instance, large dogs can chew on strong nylon bones. It's important to choose toys that are durable and safe for your dog to chew on.
It's important to be consistent when training your dog. Avoid punishing aggressive chewers by withholding treats. It's also important to reward good behaviors. Punishing bad behavior will only encourage your dog to repeat bad habits. As a result, your dog will start to associate the treats you give to good behavior with the things that you want them to do. If you have a good dog, reward it and ignore bad behavior, your dog will eventually realize that it doesn't need to chew on things for rewards anymore.
- How to train Samoyed – tips
- Is the Siberian Husky an intelligent dog
- Does Siberian Husky like other dogs?
Here are some tips on how to train your Siberian Husky. Be the pack leader. Avoid using the same command over. Be consistent with your training methods and avoid giving the same command repeatedly. If your dog chews on your shoes, never let it get away with it. The same punishment will make him understand…


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JSI Tip 2367. Users can NOT change password without logging on to a Windows 2000 domain?
If you use a password policy in your Windows 2000 domain, Active Directory users may receive You do not have permission to change your password when they attempt to change their password in response to a password change notification.
If the user clicks No in response to the password change notification, they are logged on with their existing password. They can then change their password.
Chances are that the Everyone group has not been granted the right to Change Password on the User object.
1. In the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in, right-click your domain.
2. On the View menu, select Advanced Features.
3. Right-click Users (the container hosting the user object) and press Properties.
4. On the Security tab, if the Everyone group is not present in the Name box, Press Advanced and Add it.
5. On the Advanced tab, select the Everyone group.
6. Press View/Edit and select User Objects in the Apply onto box.
7. In the Permissions list, check the Change Password permission Allow box.
8. Press OK and/or Apply till you are finished.
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These spray paints were developed especially for decorating transparent polycarbonate bodies used in R/C car modeling. Each can contains 100ml of paint, which is the appropriate amount for finishing one complete model.
Painting polycarbonate bodies is done from the inside of the body shell as opposed to the outside of a traditional plastic model. When spraying body from the inside, keep the can about 30cm from the surface. After curing apply another coat as necessary. These paints are impervious to oil and fuels, so they can be safely used on gas-powered R/C bodies.
Warning: Never use these paints on plastic models.


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The Zetas said there will hardly be mountain building in the Alps, however they talk about a "rough ride" in the Alps during the shift. What is the minimum distance which I must keep from the rim of the Alps to avoid mountain building during the shift?
When an area of older mountains is no longer subject to mountain building, it experiences the same trauma during crustal movement and plate interaction that crust not in mountainous areas experiences. In other words, if the area is in a stretch zone then crevasses or sinkholes or dropping ground can occur. If an area is on a slip-slide fault line then crumbling ground can occur, or such a succession of jolts that structures are shaken to pieces. Quakes can be either horizontal or vertical and come in waves such that structures slam against each other. Where subduction is ongoing, mountain building occurs, and this involves sudden adjustments of the overriding rock strata, snapping rock layers jutting up at an angle to form a new mountain, or existing mountains tumbling down into valleys as they compress closer together. During the pole shift, all areas receive jolts, as all plates are in motion and slam into each other at the cession of motion. Thus, there will be no place on Earth where the ground will not move in waves, or experience horizontal or vertical thrusts. This is why we have stated that being entirely outside of buildings during the hour of the pole shift, and in a low trench, is the safest place. For areas such as Germany where the foothills of the Alps descend into lowland, the only safety difference is that the lowlands will also experience tidal sloshing. The foothills are safer, and there is no line of safety to be drawn where less trauma from the earthquakes will be experienced.
Ice has been melting around the globe at a very fast rate. But when the pole shift happens there will still be a vast amount of icebergs in the oceans and at the poles. These bergs are huge, the size of entire states. There is no doubt that they will plow deep into the land, scaring it for many miles as the waters of the oceans spill over the inhabited cities. Picture a glass of water with ice cubes tipping over. The cubes really fly across the room! So I am wondering will the Zetas step in and stop the icebergs from ripping across the land? Or will the huge bergs actually stay in the oceans away from land?
Icebergs will of course be in the water, and due to the earthquakes chunks of ice may loosen thus producing more icebergs near the poles or near the point where glaciers empty into the sea. And as icebergs are lighter than the seawater, and float atop the water, they might arrive inland during a large tidal slosh. They would likewise arrive as rapidly as the water is moving, as long as they did not catch at the bottom, and snag. Thus, they would either float back out to sea, being lighter than the tide that brought them in, or snag and provide nearby suvivors with clean drinking water for some time.
Any comment on the rumor regarding the resignation of chief justice roberts? As he is a Bush one team member is he now getting pressure to leave the bench? [and from another] Chief Justice Roberts Not Stepping Down Despite Report [Mar 4] _URL_ Chief Justice John Roberts is not stepping down from the Supreme Court, despite a celebrity gossip report, a source very close to Roberts told Fox News. RadarOnline.com reported Thursday that Roberts, 55, would be resigning for personal reasons. But the source said the report is "completely untrue." There is "no medical issue, no issue at all," the source said, adding that there is not even a 1 percent chance that Roberts is considering resignation. RadarOnline.com later published an update saying that Roberts will be staying on the bench.
Where there is smoke, there is fire. High profile targets have been getting very nervous about the coming Earth changes, wanting to be out of range. As chief on the Supreme Court, he stands out, and his location known as he sits on the court. There has been discussion on what the reason might be, for his resignation, and health reasons are the most compelling. What else would he say, that he wants to spend more time with his family? Since doctor/patient records are highly confidential, this is also a safe excuse.
The Zetas have stated many times that financial and economic systems will continue to erode and slowly collapse until the shift. If we take this prediction as a factual given per the Zetas why is there no appetite or critical mass for countries to print their own debt free money to spend for needed things - infrastructure, health care,education, industry, even PX preparations? I take it as factual that storms, earthquakes and the like will indeed damage economies worldwide. But there is still significant unused capacity in every economy now in the form of unemployed or under employed workers that could be used to repair damage, prepare for PX under the guise of "new deal" type work projects, regenerate industry, focus on solar or wind that will help after the shift, etc. All that is lacking is "money" to facilitate their ability to usefully apply themselves in many ways. Governments should be able to print their own money (as has been successfully done in the past) instead of borrowing it from banks. Money is just a construct to facilitate modern societies and the right to issue it should belong to citizens via their governments, not private bankers that charge us for using what they create for free. If the shift will be upon us in 6 months this is indeed a moot point but if it will not be upon us until 6 years it becomes very relevant to properly utilize and employ the citizens of the world. Given that the Zetas continue to state 6 months, 6 years or anything in between or even outside of this range is possible from a time line perspective it seems to me that much could be gained by governments empowering their citizens and issuing their own debt free currencies to facilitate full employment and economic productivity? Are we collectively just too deeply ensnared in the bankers 300 year old trap to break free? All it really takes is collective awareness. This would seem to be a very STO type step to me.
Of course, if the populace were to be informed of what is coming, this would be a very logical step! Everyone prepare! Everyone assigned to large community farms with earthquake resistant housing! All the former accountants and lawyers into the greenhouse to raise young plants for the spring planting! All the former beauty queens to the treddle sewing machines, to learn how to mend clothes! Any laggards or those in prisons to be assigned to chain gangs digging trenches! Does this sound like something the majority of the populace would go along with? Not those who find themselves today at what they consider a better standard of living, and this would be the vast majority of the populace in industrialized countries. But this is beside the point, as first the populace must be informed about what is coming, and the cover-up, as we have explained, is alive and well. The establishment is run by powerful men and women, wealthy or politically powerful, or those controlling organized religion, and they do not want their perch disrupted by a rowdy populace making demands. Thus, a semblance of normalcy is maintained, less the populace suspect!
Due to the tearing of the Atlantic will a tsunami hit Western Europe and the UK/Ireland prior to the pole shift or will it occur during the hour of the poleshift itself?
Both. As the holographic demonstration that Nancy attended last November, and reported upon, states: when the Atlantic tears significantly, water will rush into the void, and then backwash. Due to the motion of the Gulf Stream, this splash will turn toward Europe, as we have explained, to a possible tidal wave up to 200-300 feet high.
I noticed the next tendency. Great territories of Nothern America, Europe and Russia lie in the northern hemisphere. Here the battle for souls was won by STO aliens, here we see developed democratic countries and generally not so high density of population. So it seems there are more of STO people here and less of those with STS and unsparked souls. And these regions will less suffer from the PS. On the other hand, great territories of Central America, Brazil, South Asia and Indonesia lie in the Southern hemisphere. Here the battle of souls was not so brilliantly won by STO aliens, here we see poorer and not so democratic countries with many social problems and generally high density of population. So it seems there are not so many of STO people here and rather many of those with STS and unsparked souls. And these regions will more suffer from the PS. So was it planned that before the PS nations and countries would be set in a way those with STS and unsparked souls would be "struck a blow" more during the earth changes?
Before you proceed too far with your theory, consider that Russia will be almost entirely under water, except for the thin spine of the Urals. Where are those people to flee to? They must cross all of Russia and northern Europe including Finland, which will likewise be under water, to seek refuge in Sweden. Or perhaps go equally far east or south, and all within a 2 years period after the pole shift when roads and rail lines will be torn apart, and air travel not possible because of dashed planes and lack of fuel. North America will rip apart, along the New Madrid fault line, with the highly populated East Coast pulled under the waves at


The Sink Thing
The Sink Thing is a short film that combines both stop motion and cel animation about the mysterious creature known as the Fatberg, which was born from an unfortunate incident. The short film aims to raise awareness and educate the public to not dispose liquid food waste by pouring it down the sink. The film is still to be completed, but here are selected works from our work in progress!
Fatberg is a buildup of FOGs (fat, oil, and grease) and non-biodegradable matter that end up down the drain and eventually block up the sewage system. This causes multiple problems from household spillage, environmental damage, to diseases. While most people know not to flush trash down the toilet and pour liquid kitchen waste down the sink, we all still do it anyway. What can we do about it?
For this brief, students pair up into a group of 4-5. Each group must find a way to tackle an issue from a list of topics and come up with a design solution that is built up from research. Students must then do a proposal presentation and pitch their solutions based on findings. The following term, students begin making collaterals based on respective proposals, aiming for a minimum viable product. Finally, the MVPs are then presented to a panel.
storyboard sketch.jpg
Raw stop motion footage done in a verrry tight budget. We used a mix of puppeting with fishing line and blue tac to secure the props onto surfaces.
Rough cel animations over stop motion footage. We use facial libraries to help make the animation process quicker.
Team T.R.A.S.H.
Style frames
Stop motion animation
Cel animation
After Effects cleanup
Logo design
Juvensco - Technical director
Vania Chandrawidjaja - Art director
William Kusuma - Animation director
Tallen Borucki - Graphic designer


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Holi is a festival which is celebrated on the full moon day of March, marking the arrival of spring. Mythologically there are different stories to the origin of the festival.
The colors that spread on that day not only makes the cloths and walls dirty but also affect the skin and even the scalp, believes the experts. Most of thecolors available in the markets have harsh chemicals and contains chemicals like mica and even lead.
The Synthetic colours often include lead oxide, engine oil, diesel, chromium iodine and copper sulphate which can cause skin irritation and even blindness if the exposure is very high.
Most people prefer the use of herbal colors but are not available everywhere. Experts also say that the people should use natural colours and herbal dyes.
Experts have said that one should wear a cap and well covered clothing to protect as much body as can be protected. It is usually the opposite as people look to wear lesser cloths for Holi, experts say that the people should cover themselves properly.
Famous beauty expert Shahnaz Hussain said that Holi is mostly played outside and hence people should sun creams. She said, "Sun exposure can also have a detrimental effect on the skin. Apart from harmful ultraviolet radiation, sun exposure makes the skin dry by causing depletion of moisture and also tans the skin."
The use of castor or olive oil can help remove the colors easily and one should not rub the skin for removing the chemicals, she added.
The experts also suggest against using hot water as it leaves color lines. People with a history of eczema or Atopic Dermatitis are at a high risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis to Holi colours and dyes.
In other suggestions she said that the people can use lemon juice with water to condition hair and two tablespoons of honey with half a cup of yogurt and a pinch of turmeric to remove the tan.
The use of soyabean flour or besan with milk is also advised to remove colour and replenish and rejuvenate the skin.


I traveled to Rio de Janeiro to gather insights about the cultural and art life in the city. Through qualitative research methods it became evident that Rio is a fragmented city - communities are isolated from each other, culturally, economically, and physically. Furthermore, cultural producers lack communication and networking channels. Despite these challenges, we identified that festive events can bring together diverse neighborhoods.
The collaboration between two teams, one in NYC and one in Rio de Janeiro, allowed us to develop a strategy based on local information and global trends. Our goal was to design a service that would allow Rio's residents to learn about communities in their city through a fun and engaging way. Barulho Labs became a co-creation platform that enabled the design of festive events to promote cultural networks.
Through prototyping we learned that one of the main assets of the proposed strategy was to bring together artists and producers to collaborate and seek economic opportunities as well as to promote peer to peer interaction to increase assistance and participation to the festive events. We are currently refining the idea by further prototyping and engaging local partners.
Barulho Labs
Through an online and offline platform, Barulho Labs, enables artists, producers and audiences to co-create festive events to foster social mobility.
Using design thinking and rapid prototyping to develop a strategy to enahnce cultural networks.
Role: Strategic Designer
Core team NYC: Andrea Morales Coto and Janson Cheng
Team Rio de Janeiro: Hanna Gutwilen, Mariane Martins and Lívia King.
Partners: CAIS and PUC-Rio
Full Report & prototype for website
Space for
Vehicle for
Playground for
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The understanding and approach of trained volunteer counsellors to negative racial sentiments in traumatized clients.
DSpace/Manakin Repository
Show simple item record Sibisi, Hleziphi 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z
dc.description.abstract In the current South African context there is a strong likelihood of the occurrence of trauma incidents that involve people of different races. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this has contributed to the increased expression of negative racial sentiments by victims of trauma, especially in crime related trauma, when the perpetrator/s are of a different race group to the victim. This research study locates itself within the small number of studies that have sought to engage with the problem of negative racial sentiments as a response to trauma. This study focused particularly on the observations, explanations and interventions of volunteer counsellors in having to engage with this content in traumatized clients. The study sought to understand the impact that the expression of negative racial sentiments had on the process of trauma counselling and debriefing and on counsellors personally. The research was operationalized within a hermeneutically oriented qualitative research framework. The participant group was comprised of 11 volunteer counsellors from different parts of Johannesburg and from different organizations. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling and face to face semi-structured interviews were used as the method of data collection. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyze the interview texts. The findings suggest that negative racial sentiments are a commonly occurring response following a trauma. Counsellors predominantly understand negative racial sentiments to be part of the trauma symptom pattern, in that they explain such responses as 'trigger' reactions. Counsellors also understood the sentiments to represent pre-existing prejudice, exaggerated and re-evoked by the trauma. The findings indicate that counsellors were developing and utilizing skills and interventions mainly of their own design in engaging with negative racial sentiments, as they are generally not trained on how to engage with this content in trauma counselling. Counsellors use interventions such as normalizing, psychoeducation and CBT based interventions when they do intervene, but in some cases make a choice not to intervene. Counsellors reported considerable discomfort and suggested that although case by case intervention was important, some guidance as to how to work in this area would be useful. The contextual nature of the problem and related interventions was also highlighted. en
dc.language.iso en en
dc.subject Traumatized clients en
dc.subject Volunteer counsellors en
dc.subject Racism en
dc.title The understanding and approach of trained volunteer counsellors to negative racial sentiments in traumatized clients. en
dc.type Thesis en
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- CORPORATE TRAINING
- INTERNATIONAL STUDENT
- ABOUT AAPS
The Food Technology, Safety and Quality Diploma Program is designed to help students develop a hand-on approach to food safety and quality, while allowing them the opportunity to earn food safety certification. The program incorporates the specialized knowledge and skills required to implement the fundamental principles of quality assurance. Additionally, the program is designed to be equally useful for entry level or ongoing career development in the food and beverage industry
This program is equally beneficial to those who want to complement their pre-existing skills and knowledge by upgrading. The AAPS's integrated approach affords students with the foundation and knowledge to develop, implement, and maintain the food safety program using tools such as GMPs and HACCP to ensure that products comply with national and international safety and quality standards.
Diploma in Food Technology, Safety and Quality Courses Include:
Food safety certifications are necessary to work in many food and beverage related environments, including for food and beverage servers, people who work in food preparation and people who work in an institutional setting, as well as large scale food manufacturing. Many employers also have a preference for candidates who can meet a high caliber of skills and standards for food safety and quality. Additionally, possession of the right qualifications can also help a person with industry experience advance their career, including training others.
Students who are registered in the Food Technology, Safety and Quality Diploma Program are eligible to attend the training session "Food Handling Certificate" free of charge ($70 Value) and obtain the certificate issued by the City of Toronto.
AAPS graduates from the Food Safety and Quality Program pursue careers in


}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}\right|^2} $
Now the time averaged power per unit area incident on the interface (by calculating the Poynting vector) is:
$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\epsilon_0}{\mu_0}} |E_i|^2$
so that the momentum transferred to the metal for each unit of incident energy is:
$\frac{2\,\mathrm{Im}(\gamma)\,\sigma}{\omega\,\mathrm{Re}(\gamma) \left|1 + \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}\right|^2} \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} $
This is the ratio we seek. For the case $\sigma\rightarrow \infty$ this ratio approaches $\frac{2}{c}\frac{\mu}{\mu_0}$. For $\mu = \mu_0$, this is twice the value calculated in methods 1 and 2 because the infinite conductivity excludes the field from the metal, there is no loss and light is reflected without loss. So, just as there is an impulse $2\,p_z$ transferred to a wall by an elastic bounce of a ball initially with momentum with component $p_z$ into the wall, so too the impulse transferred to the mirror from energy $W$ is twice the momentum of the incoming light, i.e. $\frac{2\,W}{c}$.
Now we let $\sigma\rightarrow 0$ so that $\gamma\approx -i \,\omega\,\sqrt{\mu\,\epsilon} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\epsilon}} \sigma$. I'll finish this case later, but it yields the same answer as methods 1 and 2 when $\mu = \mu_0$ and $\epsilon = \epsilon_0$, i.e. the light passes without reflexion into a weakly conducting medium and is absorbed.
Maxwell's equations are not consistent with Galilean relativity. They are implicitly relativistic. In relativity, the definition of mass is $m^2=E^2-p^2$. For a ray of light, $m=0$, so $E=|p|$.
 - $\begingroup$ So, just for the OP's benefit (although this OP seems to lose interest in his questions and not give too much feedback), there never was a version of electromagnetism that had to be upgraded to account for relativity. Indeed, historically, EM's Lorentz covariance that jarred with everything else and forced special relativity to be born. $\endgroup$ – Selene Routley Sep 29 '13 at 10:00
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