Rules for Literature Circles
Developing a Classroom Constitution
A Compromise
Collaborating, Social Awareness and Responsibility
Junior Fire Crew
Collaborative Writing
Organizing an Orange Shirt Day
Collaborating, Critical and Reflective Thinking, Social Awareness and Responsibility
Hold High the Torch
Collaborating, Critical and Reflective Thinking, Social Awareness and Responsibility


What Is The Purpose Of A Check Point When Rollback Is Used?
What is rollback in distributed system?
Abstract: We consider the problem of bringing a distributed system to a consistent state after transient failures.
Similarly, when a process rolls back and restarts after a failure, a minimal number of additional processes are forced to roll back with it.
What's another word for checkpoint?
Noun, singular or mass roadblock, barrier, dam, inspection, barricade, post, position.
What is rollback recovery?
- Rollback recovery protocols. – restore the system back to a consistent state after a failure. – achieve fault tolerance by periodically saving the state of a process. during the failure-free execution. – treats a distributed system application as a collection of processes that.
What happens at the M checkpoint?
The G2 checkpoint ensures all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged before cell enters mitosis. The M checkpoint determines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules before the cell enters the irreversible anaphase stage.
What is Rollback?
What is the checkpoint?
: a point at which a check is performed vehicles were inspected at various checkpoints.
Is it check point or checkpoint?
1 Answer. Checkpoint does not need to be hyphenated, nor is it two words. The OED (Oxford English Dictionary) lists it as a single word in both its British English and US English versions.
How do I contact checkpoints?
For questions about support processes, contracts or User Center and licensing, please call Account Services at _PHONE_ and select option 3, or contact Account Services online.
What are the guidelines in having checkpoint?
What is checkpoint used for?
A checkpoint, in a virtualization context, is a snapshot of the state of a virtual machine. Like a restore point in Windows operating systems, a checkpoint allows the administrator to return the virtual machine to a previous state. Checkpoints are most commonly used to create backups before conducting updates.
Is it illegal to turn around at a checkpoint?
It is not illegal to turn around prior to a checkpoint. However, it is illegal to make an illegal turn prior to a checkpoint. … If the driver made an illegal U-turn to get away from the checkpoint, the police officer can pull the driver over for breaking a law. If no laws are broken, no stops can occur.
Can I cross a checkpoint with a work permit?
Non-citizens who encounter the checkpoints have to show that they are staying in the US legally. … An EAD card (what you call a "work permit card") only proves your authorization to work in the US; it does not by itself prove that you are in the US legally.
What is checkpoint in deep learning?
When training deep learning models, the checkpoint is the weights of the model. These weights can be used to make predictions as is, or used as the basis for ongoing training. … The API allows you to specify which metric to monitor, such as loss or accuracy on the training or validation dataset.
What is checkpointing explain in brief?
Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It basically consists of saving a snapshot of the application's state, so that applications can restart from that point in case of failure.


text:
Now, with the release of the South Carolina Non-Population Census records on Ancestry.com, I can get an even more in-depth look at the war's impact. I found John Peter Quattlebaum on the 1860 and 1870 Non-Population census records. I don't know if John fought in the war, but I do know that his sons did.
The first thing I notice is that the family is not in the same location - Edgefield Distrist in 1860 and Hibler in 1870. In 1860, Edgefield County was organized into only three townships. By 1870, Edgefield County was organized into twenty different townships. On the populations census records, he neighbors are the same, so I assume that he did not move, but that county organization became more sophisticated.
I see that in 1860 and 1870 he had 308 acres of land, which helps to confirm that he is on the same property. In 1860, the cash value of his land is $2,250, but in 1870 his land is worth only $930. The value of his farming equipment has also plummeted. It would seem that physical equipment might be worth more and harder to find after the war, so perhaps he lost some of his equipment during the war.
The non-population census also records livestock holdings. From 1860 to 1870 John lost: two horses, a mule, four milk cows, two cattle, three sheep, and 37 swine. He gained two oxen. The total value of his livestock plummeted by $363.
His farming production has changed a lot (on second page not shown). In 1860, John made most of his money potato farming, producing over 100 bushels. By 1870 he's produced less than 20 bushels. He's made up for the difference with a slight increase in dairy production. The family has also lost all production of honey and homemade merchandise and their value of slaughtered animals has decreased dramatically.
Overall, it seems that John and his family suffered during the war. The value of their land decreased and they lost the means to earn money. Without the non-population census records, we wouldn't be able to see the detail of the changes in this family's life.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


5 Digital Product Examples That Are Created And Sold Most
by Alex Mansour
2 months ago · 3 min read
The huge spread of digital technologies and e-commerce has made us see what are known as digital products. Unlike physical products that have been known for years, digital products don't have a physical existence. But they still make huge sales, with many digital product examples that may use or consume every day.
digital products
Having digital products, as a business or individual, can have many advantages. You can sell these digital products more easily. Without having to make huge investments or build warehouses or factories.
If you are considering making a digital product, here are examples of some of the most widely sold and created digital products that you can create and sell as a person or a business.
Software or application
One of the most widely created and sold digital products is software products. Many of the software that you use daily is digital products by businesses or individuals. They can be in the form of PC software, a mobile application, or a web app.
Whether it is software for editing photos or a mobile application for listening to music. It is a digital product that makes money for the business behind it. The software industry is growing rapidly around the world. Many software products are becoming more and more important.
While businesses can create their software themselves, they can also outsource their software to a software development company.
The transition from physical book copies to digital book copies was just a matter of time. Right now the transition is happening at high rates. As more and more people are reading books digitally instead of physical books.
With many choices of laptops, tablets, mobile phones with large screens, and ebook readers like Amazon Kindle, fewer people are in need of physical book copies.
Ebooks are emerging widely since then and became something on their own. Becoming a new publication that businesses and individuals can use to deliver information to audiences. That is without the hassle of traditional publishing.
Ebooks are often in an informal language just like any web content. They have no limitations for page numbers or any other aspect. Any business or individual can create an Ebook to let people learn something, conclude or explain it with infographics or checklists.
Audio and video
One of the biggest examples of digital products currently is audio and video products. Whether they are audiobooks, audio files that you can use as resources, or videos published in one of many ways. They are all digital products that people and businesses sell.
With cheaper equipment and platforms for anyone to sell or publish audio and video. Anyone and any business can create high-quality audio and video. In addition, they can sell them or publish them to help them share knowledge or achieve business goals.
Video games
The video games industry is one of the biggest industries when it comes to digital products. Therefore, for people to buy and enjoy video games, whether, for PCs, game consoles, or mobile phones, you can buy them digitally.
Not all video games are big and created by huge companies. Either one person or a small team creates them, they are still making big amounts of money. Which is the greatest thing about digital game platforms like Steam. One of the best things about digital products, as an individual or business, can benefit no matter how small it is.
Online courses
Online courses are among the biggest examples of digital products, considering how widely spread and popular they are. Most of us have enrolled in an online course or more. They are a great solution for learning that the digital world is offering us.
Anyone can create an online course and sell it online. Even without needing to create a platform from scratch to sell it, platforms like Udemy and Teachable make it much easier.
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Some background: my coauthors and I are working on a problem which deals with the exponential growth rates of certain infinite products of matrices. One of the sub-problems which arises in this project is to prove that a particular function from the unit interval to the reals, which describes the growth rates of a family of related infinite matrix products, does not have any line segments in its graph. Now, the existence of a line segment would imply the existence of a pair of matrices some of whose characteristics coincide in a precise way. We have found an analytic proof that the graph cannot contain line segments, but it is long and displeasingly ad-hoc, and we would rather like to replace it with a shorter argument! Hence, we have found ourselves wondering whether there is an algebraic obstacle which would prevent these coincidences from occurring.
The question which arises from this research, then, is:
Do there exist matrices $A,B \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ which satisfy the following constraints: the matrices $A$ and $B$ have only positive entries, do not commute, and satisfy $$\rho(AB)=\rho(A)\rho(B),$$ $$\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(A)\right)=\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(B)\right) \neq \mathbb{Q},$$ where $\rho$ denotes spectral radius?
The non-existence of such a pair of matrices would imply the non-existence of the line segments mentioned above.
One of my coauthors suspects that the spectral radius constraints on $A$ and $B$ cannot be met unless $A=C^k$, $B=C^\ell$ for some $C \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ and $k,\ell \in \mathbb{N}$, which would contradict the hypothesis that $A$ and $B$ do not commute. Any solutions which end up being used in our paper will of course be gratefully acknowledged!
share|improve this question
Some thoughts. I believe the second condition requires that tr A = tr C^k and tr B = tr C^l for some C in SL(2, Z). If we then write A = C^k + X, B = C^l + Y where X, Y are traceless, the first condition is equivalent to the statement that X C^l + C^k Y + XY has trace zero. I think I can show this is impossible if X = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 16:00
Ian Agol's answer has been incorporated into the article "On a Devil's staircase associated to the joint spectral radii of a family of pairs of matrices" which will be published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society in late 2012. – Ian Morris Dec 14 '11 at 11:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This is true: if one has two matrices $A, B \in SL_2 C$, and one knows the three traces $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$, then this uniquely determines the matrices $A,B$ up to conjugacy if $A$ and $B$ generate a non-elementary discrete group (except in a few degenerate cases which won't occur for positive matrices). See for example Maclachlan-Reid. Since $tr(X) = \rho(X)+\rho(X)^{-1}$ for a positive matrix $X$, this implies that the three matrices have the same traces as two commuting matrices with the same traces, and therefore $A,B$ must be conjugate to a pair of commuting matrices. In fact, as your coauthor suspects, then they must be powers of the same matrix.
Addendum: I'll give some details of the argument, and I forgot a condition ($A$ and $B$ might generate a solvable group otherwise, although this is not possible for discrete groups).
Assume that $A, B \in SL_2 Z$. We want to show that $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$ uniquely determine $A$ and $B$ up to conjugacy in $SL_2 C$.
Since $A$ is a positive matrix in $SL_2 Z$, we may conjugate it in $SL_2 R$ to be of the form $$ A=\begin{pmatrix} \lambda & 0 \\\ 0 & \lambda^{-1} \end{pmatrix} $$ where $\lambda >1$ (because $tr(A)>2$). We conjugate $B$ by the same matrix, and relabel so that $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\\ c & d \end{pmatrix}. $$
If $A$ and $B$ commute, then we check that $b=c=0$, so in particular $ad=1$. Conversely, if $ad=1$, then we conclude that $bc=0$, and therefore $b=c=0$ since $A,B$ cannot generate a noncommutative solvable group since $SL_2 Z$ is discrete (see below).
From now on, let's assume that $A$ and $B$ don't commute.
The centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ consist of matrices of the form $$ \begin{pmatrix} z & 0 \\\ 0 & z^{-1} \end{pmatrix}. $$
We may conjugate $B$ by the centralizer of $A$ to be of the form $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & 1 \\\ ad-1 & d \end{pmatrix}. $$ Here I'm making use of the fact that $A,B$ are conjugate into $SL_2 Z$ to conclude that they don't generate a solvable group. This follows from the Margulis lemma (or an easy exercise). If $B$ had off-diagonal entries which were zero, then $\langle A, B\rangle$ would be solvable. The point is that then we may conjugate by elements of the centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ to arrange the upper right entry to be 1.
Thus, we have $$tr(A)=\lambda+\lambda^{-1}, tr(B)=a+d, tr(AB)=\lambda a +\lambda^{-1} d.$$
Now we compute $$a= \frac{\lambda tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^2-1}, d= \frac{\lambda^{-1} tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^{-2}-1}.$$
Thus, $tr(A), tr(B), tr(AB)$ canonically determine $A,B$ up to conjugacy (of course $\lambda$ is uniquely determined by $tr(A)$ given $\lambda >1$).
Now, we need to check that $\rho(AB) \neq \rho(A)\rho(B)$, where $\rho(A)=\lambda, \rho(B)=\mu$. If not, $tr(AB)=\lambda\mu +(\lambda\mu)^{-1}$ (again since $AB$ is positive). Plugging into the above equations, we conclude that $a=\mu, d=\mu^{-1}$, a contradiction.
I'm sure this argument can be simplified, but I wanted to carry through the sketch of the argument I gave the first go around.
Also, one may see that any subgroup of commuting matrices in $SL_2 Z$ is either powers of a parabolic element, a hyperbolic element, or a finite-order element.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! Could you provide a reference for the general result which you use here (or a name or keyword, so I can look it up myself)? – Ian Morris Jun 8 '10 at 17:00
I think the statement is false in SL_2(C); in the setup in my comment above one can take k = l = 1, C = [[2 3][3 5]], X = 0, and Y = [[b+c b][c -b-c]] where b^2+3bc+c^2 = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 17:42
_USER_: Did you check that your pairs of matrices are nonconjugate? Remember, there is a 1-parameter family of matrices commuting with C. I think you've found a parametrization of the matrices obtained by conjugating B by this family (although I didn't check your formulae). – Ian Agol Jun 9 '10 at 23:25
Qiaochu's examples don't commute. Also, he might as well take the square root of C, [[1,1][1,2]]. – Ben Wieland Jun 10 '10 at 0:33
Agol: thank you for this excellent and very useful extended answer! – Ian Morris Jun 11 '10 at 12:33
Your Answer


text:
The National Naval Medical Center, which is located in Bethesda, Maryland, is also called the Bethesda Naval Hospital. And that's just what it is – a massive Navy hospital and medical research center. It is widely considered the flagship of the Navy's medical division, and is where almost all of the Navy's medical and dental research takes place. The National Naval Medical Center plays a very important role in the US. Not only does it contribute greatly to the research done by the Military, it also provides health care for world leaders, including the president and the presidential family.
As of January, 2006, there are 1,500+ enlisted, 1,000+ officers, and almost 2,000 civilians occupying the National Naval Medical Center. A more recent figure could not be found. In early 2011, the National Naval Medical Center will actually be merged with the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, to form the combined Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, the largest military medical complex ever. The base will be huge, with some estimates saying it will be twice as large as the current National Navy Medical Center, which is already massive.


A Quick Glance at Direct and Indirect Remuneration, Is Your Plan Compliant?
Five insights into understanding DIR
Although DIR is typically a finance and analytical responsibility within a Part D organization, the compliance department also needs to be engaged in this effort. Direct and Indirect Remuneration (DIR) typically involves external vendors and therefore should be part of a comprehensive Compliance Effectiveness Program. Here's a brief overview to gauge your preparedness.
1. What is the definition of DIR when related to Medicare Part D?
The actual definition of DIR can be found in 42 CFR 423.308, in short: DIR is the total dollars in which the Part D sponsor received or an entity in which they are affiliated with (e.g., PBM) received that ultimately would reduce the incurred drug cost experienced by the plan after the transaction at point-of-sale; principally the net amount.
2. How do Medicare Part D Plan sponsors use DIR?
Each year a plan sponsor is required to submit a bid to CMS for the upcoming plan year. This bid estimates expenditures such as drug costs, administrative fees, operational costs, formulary and plan design, and DIR amounts. In the end, it calculates the premium in which the plan will charge beneficiaries to be a member of their Part D plan. DIR is a key component of this calculation as it helps reduce the premium amount in which a beneficiary will pay.
3. Isn't DIR just rebates received from the drug manufacturers?
DIR can include several other components. Part D sponsors are also to report any other sources of remuneration that would have decreased the cost of the drug incurred by the plan. A few examples include generic dispensing incentive payments and adjustments between the plan and the pharmacy, legal settlements that were in relation to the drugs dispensed, free/reduced-price goods or services received, and performance guarantees.
4. What happens to these DIR payments received by the Plan sponsor?
At the end of every plan year, a Plan sponsor is required to report to CMS DIR amounts incurred by the plan during the previous plan year. These amounts are to be used for the plan to reconcile with CMS and calculate reinsurance amounts and risk-sharing arrangements.
5. DIR seems to be a finance component, what other departments should be involved with DIR?
Although DIR focuses primarily on financial aspects of the Part D benefit there are several other departments within a Plan Sponsor's organization that should be involved. Notably the compliance team should be heavily involved. For most plans, majority of DIR is received through delegated relationships with Pharmacy Benefit Managers and/or third party rebate aggregators. These vendors will all serve as First Tier, Downstream, or Related Entity and part of an effective compliance program.
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text:
Professor of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Pages: 9 Published: Jan 1987
In atmospheric measurements, the sampling operation is often a major source of error. This error may be reduced by consideration of the distribution pattern of the substance being measured, and the statistical principles of that pattern. From this information, guidelines as to the number, size, and location of the samples can be formulated. These guidelines should be tempered, however, with judgment and experience.
sampling plans, sampling designs, sampling errors, statistical sampling, cost benefit analysis in sampling, air quality, calibration, sampling, atmospheric measurements
Paper ID: STP25697S

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
SOME SAY the custom of bobbing for apples dates all the way back to pre-Christian Ireland and the pagan festival of Samhain, though there's little documentary evidence to support this. Apple bobbing also been popularly associated with Pomona, the ancient Roman goddess of fruits, trees, and gardens in whose honor a festival was supposedly held each year on November first. But that, too, stands on shaky historical ground, apparently, as some question whether such a festival ever actually existed.
We can say with more certainty that the game of apple bobbing goes back at least a few hundred years, that it originated in the British Isles (Ireland and Scotland in particular), and that it originally had something to do with fortune telling. British author W. H. Davenport Adams, who attributed belief in the prognosticative power of apples to "old Celtic fairy lore," described the game as follows in his 1902 book, Curiosities of Superstition:
[The apples] are thrown into a tub of water, and you endeavour to catch one in your mouth as they bob round and round in provoking fashion. When you have caught one, you peel it carefully, and pass the long strip of peel thrice, sunwise, round your head; after which you throw it over your shoulder, and it falls to the ground in the shape of the initial letter of your true love's name.
Other Halloween divination games traditionally played in various parts of Great Britain included "snap apple" similar to bobbing for apples except the fruit is hung from the ceiling on strings and naming nutshells after prospective love interests and placing them near a fire to see which would burn steadily indicating true love and which would crack or pop and fly off the hearth revealing a passing fancy. Accordingly, Halloween used to be known as "Snap-Apple Night" or "Nutcrack Night" in places where these customs were observed.
- Traditional Halloween Divination Games from Ireland - StartPage.ie
- Halloween: An American Holiday, An American History - by Lesley Pratt Bannatyne


text:
Red Flags Indicators for Lawyers, Notaries and Legal Professionals
RED FLAG INDICATORS FOR LAWYERS, NOTARIES AND INDEPENDENT LEGAL PROFESSIONALS:
Red Flags Indicators for Lawyers, Notaries and Legal Professionals: Lawyers, notaries, other independent legal professionals are subject to AML/CFT obligations when, on behalf of or for a client, they prepare for or engage in a financial transaction in relation to the following activities:
- buying and selling of real estate;
- managing of client money, securities or other assets;
- management of bank, savings or securities accounts;
- organization of contributions for the creation, operation or management of companies;
- creation, operation or management of legal persons or arrangements, and buying and selling of business entities.
Lawyers, notaries, other independent legal professionals are also subject to AML/CFT obligations when they are acting as a Trust and Company Service provider by preparing for or engaging in financial activities in relation to the following:
- acting as a formation agent of legal persons;
- acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a director or secretary of a company, a partner of a partnership, or a similar position in relation to other legal persons;
- providing a registered office, business address or accommodation, correspondence or administrative address for a company, a partnership or any other legal person or arrangement;
- acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a trustee of a trust or performing the equivalent function for another form of legal arrangement;
- acting as (or arranging for another person to act as) a nominee shareholder for another person.
The Lawyers, notaries, other independent legal professionals providing above mentioned services are required to promptly report Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) under Section 7(1) of AML Act 2010 which states that for transaction conducted or attempted, at their counter or through such Lawyers, notaries, other independent legal professionals, if it knows, suspects or has reason to suspect that the transaction or a pattern of transactions of which the transaction:
(a) involves funds derived from illegal activities or is intended or conducted in order to hide or disguise proceeds of crime.(b) is designed to evade any requirements of this section.
(c) has no apparent lawful purpose after examining the available facts, including the background and possible purpose of the transaction; or
(d) involves financing of terrorism, including fund collected, provided, used or meant for, or otherwise linked or related to, terrorism, terrorist acts or organizations and individuals concerned with terrorism.
In order to identify some of the circumstances that could be suspicious in nature or that could be indicative that money is being laundered (ML) or used for terrorism financing (TF) purposes, below are some of the red flag indicators which are specially intended to aid the Lawyers, notaries and other independent legal professionals.
These red flags may appear suspicious on their own; however, it may be considered that a single red flag would not be a clear indicator of potential ML / TF activity. A combination of these red flags, in addition to analysis of expected financial activity, business profile and current transactional pattern may indicate a potential ML / TF activity.
Red Flags for Client Behavior:
- Political exposed client who is linked to negative news / crime or any client who is family member or close associate of such political exposed person.
- Client has relations with companies with nominee shareholders or bearer shares or shell companies which are based at foreign jurisdiction
- Client linked to negative news or crime (named in a news report on a crime committed or under Law Enforcement investigation/inquiry).
- The client or any of its associated person / entity found positive match while screening against UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs).
- Client who asks for short-cuts and unexplained speed in completing the transaction or unnecessary keen about AML/CFT reporting requirements.
- Client is overly secretive or evasive (e.g. of who the beneficial owner is, or the source of funds) or provides fabricated records.
- Client insists on using an intermediary (either professional or informal) in all interactions during transactions without sufficient justification.
- Clients who appear to be acting on somebody else's instructions without disclosing the identity of such person.
- Unexplained delegation of authority by the client by using powers of attorney.
- Client is actively avoiding personal contact without any plausible reason.
- Client or transaction is from country or jurisdiction in relation to which the FATF has called for countermeasures or enhanced client due diligence measures or jurisdiction known to have inadequate measures to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism.
- Company has a long period of inactivity following incorporation, followed by a sudden and unexplained increase in financial activities.
- Company is registered at an address that is also listed against numerous other companies or legal arrangements, indicating the use of mailbox service.
- Company beneficial owners, shareholders or directors are also listed as beneficial owners, shareholders or directors in multiple other companies.
- Clients who appear to be acting on somebody else's instructions without disclosure.
- Clients who offer to pay unusually high levels of fees for services that would not ordinarily warrant such a premium.
- Reason for client choosing the legal professional is unclear, given the firm's size, location or specialization.
- Frequent or unexplained change of client's professional adviser(s) or members of management.
- Clients who change their means of payment for a transaction at the last minute and without justification (or with suspect justification).
- Situations where advice on the setting up of legal arrangements (trusts/waqf) may be misused to obscure ownership or real economic purpose or where the legal arrangement holds the shares of a company.
- Instructions by the client for the creation of complicated ownership structures where there is no legitimate or economic reason.
Red Flags for Transactional Pattern:
- Complex or unusual transactions, possibly with unrelated parties.
- Unauthorised or improperly recorded transactions; inadequate audit trails.
- Instructions to a legal practitioner from the client to conduct transactions without legitimate or economic reason or when such transactions are conducted by the client.
- Services where legal practitioners are asked to assure the client's standing, reputation and credibility to third parties, without a commensurate knowledge of the client's affairs.
- Services where the legal professional are asked to act as a trustee/director that allows the client's identity to remain anonymous.
- Client makes large payments to subsidiaries or other entities within the group that do not appear within normal course of business.
- Client makes payments to other companies with similar or identical directors, shareholders or beneficial owners.
- Apparent structuring of transactions to avoid dealing with identification requirements or regulatory record-keeping and AML/CFT reporting thresholds.
- Client insist to make payments in cash without any plausible reason.
- Disproportionate amount used for the purchase of real estate/property which is inconsistent with the socio-economic profile of the client.
- Large cash payments made for purchase of interest in land whose value is far less, or the method of funding is unusual such as funding from a third party who is not a relative or known to the buyer, or there is an absence of any logical explanation from the parties why the property is owned by multiple owners or by nominee companies.
- Unusually high levels of assets or unusually large transactions in relation to what might reasonably be expected of clients with a similar profile.
- Transfers of goods that are inherently difficult to value (e.g. jewels, precious stones, objects of art or antiques, virtual assets), where this is not common for the type of clients, transaction or generally without any appropriate explanation.
- Transactions using untraceable payment methods, including bearer shares or new payment methods.
- Transactions with little commercial logic taking place in the normal course of business or transactions not related to the normal course of business.
- Transfer of real estate between parties in an unusually short time period.
- Requests by the client for payments to third parties without substantiating reason or corresponding transaction.
- Transactions with companies whose identity is difficult to establish as they are registered in countries known for their commercial secrecy or Payments for unspecified services.
- Client insist for loss making transactions where the loss is avoidable or an absence of documentation to support the client's story, previous transactions or company activities.
- Payments for services that appear excessive in relation to the services provided.
For more information on FBR's new regulations / circulars/ SROs/ amendments in taxation laws in Pakistan please visit _URL_


text: Dr. Goss, a globally renowned cancer specialist with more than 35 years of clinical and research experience. Dr. Goss was born and raised in South Africa under the apartheid system, and it was under this system that he first learned how to practice medicine. He saw firsthand the insurmountable obstacles and discrimination poorer patients faced when trying to access health care. Years later, as he traveled the world lecturing and reporting results of his breast cancer research, he was reminded of the challenges that impoverished patients faced in securing health care in developing countries. He started GCI to address that problem for patients with cancer.


text:
Water Treatment Birm Media is an efficient and economical method of removing dissolved iron and manganese compounds from raw water supplies. It may be used in either gravity-fed or pressurized water treatment systems. Birm Water Treatment Filtration Media acts as an insoluble catalyst to enhance the reaction between dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and the iron compounds. Birm is used in sand filters for Water Filtration with other water treatment filtration media products such as Gravel, Anthracite, Silica Sand, Pumice, Garnet and Activated Carbon.
Birm is an efficient and economical method of removing iron and manganese compounds from raw water supplies. It may be used in either gravity fed or pressurized water treatment systems. It acts as insoluble catalyst to enhance the reaction between dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and the iron compounds. In ground water dissolved iron is normally in the ferrous bicarbonate state due to the excess of free carbon dioxide and is not filterable. Birm acts as a catalyst between the oxygen and soluble iron compounds and enhances the oxidation reaction of Fe++ to Fe+++ and produces ferric hydroxide which precipitates and is easily filtered. Birm is easily cleaned by backwashing to remove the ferric hydroxide. It is not consumed in the iron removal process and therefore provides a positive economic advantage over many other iron removal medias. Other advantages of birm include long material life with relatively low attrition loss, a wide temperature performance range and extremely high removal efficiency. Under the proper water conditions, no chemicals are required for maintenance. Regeneration is not required. Birm is also used to achieve manganese reduction. When used to reduce manganese, the water to be treated should have a pH between 8.0-9.0 for best results. If both manganese and iron are to be removed, the water to be treated should have a pH below 8.5.


Your business success depends on your reputation. You are responsible for creating and maintaining a clean, hygenic and comfortable place both for employees and clients or customers. As such, having something like a pest infestation can be very damaging, in more ways than you would think. If you own a commercial business, you need to make sure that a pest control company is called as soon as you see a rat on the property. Here's why.
1. Where there's one, there's nine more waiting
The horrible truth is that if you only see one scurrying around a corner there are likely to be about nine more of these rodents just hanging out where you can't see them, causing all kinds of problems.
2. Once you see a rat, you know you've got a serious infestation
This is the other thing. It takes quite a lot of rats for you to actually see one. They are smart pests that know how to hide well, so if you see one or two, it's because there are so many of them on the premises that all of the good hiding spots are taken. A professional needs to be called in as soon as possible to keep the damage down as much as it is able.
3. Rats carry disease
Rats are known for transmitting diseases that humans can catch, too. As such, make sure that you and your customers are protected, by keeping rats out of your business. At the first sign of an infestation call a professional pest control company to get rid of pests. Consider getting your premises professionally cleaned to make sure that there is no chance of anyone getting any kind of sickness from these pests. That's the last thing you want to deal with.
4. They can cause electrical damage
As well as other damage, rats can cause electrical damage. There is an increased risk of an electrical fire in your workplace. This can lead, of course, to all kinds of further problems. The sooner you get the infestation out and your workplace checked out, the better.
No matter which reason you choose as you motivation, let these serve as your warning that getting an infestation out as soon as you see one is of the utmost importance. Your reputation depends on it.


Denote the open unit disk as \mathbb{D}. Let u(z) be harmonic and positive for z \in \mathbb{D} \backslash \{ 0 \}. Suppose that u(z) + ln|z| is harmonic for z \in \mathbb{D}.
Claim: \forall \ z \in \mathbb{D}, u(z) + ln|z| \ge 0.
This is an old prelim problem I'm trying to figure out. Looks like it could be an application of the max. principle but I'm not seeing the way through.


We're not going to say don't use Bing altogether, but we are saying that you should think twice before you click on something you found via Bing. Microsoft's search engine was part of an 18-month study conducted by AV-Test, which revealed that it produces around five times more malware than Google.
What does this mean for your computer? Essentially that you are five times more likely to click on a website that will damage your computer when using Bing rather than Google. The study utilized seven different search engines and considered a total of 40 million websites in the study.
Out of the 40 million sites, AV-Test found 5,000 pieces of malware. Technically, that's an overall small number. However, 1,285 of those malicious results came from Bing as oppose to the 272 that stemmed from Google. Of all the search engines tested, Google fared the best.
[via Gizmodo


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What used to be manually operated automobile windows has already evolved into something more convenient and more enjoyable way of opening or closing your car's windows — it was called the power window. Modern automobiles nowadays are equipped with such power windows for comfort and convenience purposes. They old way of lowering or raising the window glass by way of rotating or turning the lever was already replaced by just pushing a button. The manually operated windows require a lot more effort in order to rotate the lever as compared to just using one finger to push a button for the power windows.
The component where you find the buttons and other controls of the power window is called the switch. A window switch like the Land Rover window switch is the component used to control the opening and closing of power windows. Usually, it is on the driver's side where you find the main window switch. It means that the driver can actually control his passengers' windows. Although each window has its own switch, power windows are designed to give the driver the convenience of opening and closing all the windows without the need to activate each window switch. By this, even if the driver is alone, he can have all the windows opened or closed whenever he wishes to without leaving his seat.
Commonly, there are three kinds of window switches available in the market or being used by car manufacturers — the toggle switch, rocker switch and the lever switch. A toggle switch is one that works by flipping a small lever either up and down or from side to side. This switch is the most common type of switch that you will find on automobiles having power windows. However, for safety purposes, using a lever switch would be a good idea. The moment you flip or push this kind of switch, it will neither automatically allow the window glass to be opened all the way down nor be closed all the way up. You need to continuously exert effort until the window glass has been opened or closed in the desired height. Such kind of switch is perfect for drivers who are fond of bringing along with them their kids for a ride.
The rocker switch on the other hand is the exact opposite of the lever switch. The moment you activated it with just a single push, the window glass will move either all the way up or all the way down. Such is very dangerous especially when you have kids in the car as they can accidentally open the windows without your knowledge and allowing them to put their heads or hands outside causing some unwanted incidents. Whether your vehicle is equipped with a toggle window switch, rocker window switch or lever window switch, one thing is for sure, you need to replace it once it got stuck or got totally busted.
If you are looking for window switch replacement products, then you have just found the perfect site. Here at Parts Train, we offer great deals of high quality window switch replacement products including other parts and accessories for all your automotive needs. Simply browse our comprehensive catalogue for more information and accurate specifications regarding our products. You will surely find the perfect window switch and other stuffs that will suit your car. Check them out now!


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In physician profiling initiatives, risk adjustment is often employed as part of the profiling process. The use of a risk adjuster can adjust for some of the effects of patient characteristics that may vary across providers. Using a risk adjuster can be a helpful advantage when reviewing and presenting data to physicians in a meaningful, credible manner. In most risk adjustment tools, the models offered present two perspectives. There is a concurrent model and a prospective model. Each offer different advantages and their use will vary based on the business question or need to be addressed. This post will look take a brief look at the use of concurrent model results in calculating a provider efficiency score.
The concurrent model describes the health status of a physician's panel of patients based on the patients' claim and enrollment experience during an assessment period. The assessment period is often the most recent 12 months. The concurrent model is particularly helpful in provider profiling when evaluating patterns or outcomes of practice.
In the following table, the populations enrolled with three hypothetical physician panels were compared to calculate efficiency scores; this process addresses a common provider concern that "my patients are sicker." Efficiency scores are typically calculated as a ratio of physicians' actual allowed claim costs and the expected allowed claim costs based on the concurrent risk scores of the population for which a physician is responsible.
Without risk adjustment, one may draw incorrect conclusions, because the physician practice or panel that appears to have the worst outcomes may simply have the sickest patients. In the example above, while Provider B has the lowest concurrent risk score and lowest actual PMPM cost, their efficiency score is the highest at 1.09 or 9% higher than the average for the total population.
Depending on your decision support tools and risk adjustment tools, risk scores are also available by service breakouts, such as inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy. In this example, a further drill to the service categories to monitor the distribution of the costs across the service categories would provide additional insight. For example, a comparison of providers' efficiency in managing inpatient costs by comparing a population's actual inpatient costs to the costs predicted by the concurrent inpatient risk score.
Stay tuned for upcoming physician profiling blogs.


Chevy Tahoe P1153: Causes, Meaning, and Diagnosis
P1153 Chevy Tahoe
P1153 is not a very common diagnostic trouble code. It can have different meanings depending on the manufacturer in question. For the Chevy Tahoe, it means:
P1153:HO2S Insufficient Switching (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
As long as your scanner confirms that the code is for insufficient switching of the heated oxygen sensor, you're good to go.
P1153 Meaning
P1153 Code Definition: Chevy Tahoe
In the standard definition of P1153, there are three separate sections. HO2S, Insufficient Switching, and Bank 2 Sensor 1.
While your Tahoe's exhaust system can have many oxygen sensors, the first in line is the most important for metering the air/fuel ratio and keeping the engine running efficiently.
Insufficient Switching
As stated above, your engine's computer (known as the ECM, or PCM) monitors the air-fuel ratio using the heated oxygen sensor.
It'll monitor the oxygen sensors in closed-loop operation for 90 seconds to determine if there is anything wrong with them. It does this by counting the number of times the oxygen sensors switch back and forth between rich and lean cycles.
When there is an insufficient number of switches between rich/lean and lean/rich, the Chevy Tahoe will throw P1153.
Bank 2 Sensor 1
The term "bank" refers to a row of cylinders. So, the amount of cylinder heads a vehicle has determines the number of banks (it can only be one or two).
P1153 can ONLY appear on engines with two banks. So, you're going to need to determine which side of the engine is bank 2 in your Tahoe.
While it is annoying to have to find bank 2, having two banks is nice since we can use the "swap test" to diagnose P1153 later. The swap test will allow you to eliminate the heated oxygen sensor as a possible cause of P1153.
Now that we know what P1153 means and how to find the oxygen sensor, we can begin to diagnose it in earnest.
Chevy Tahoe P1153: Symptoms
More often than not, the check engine light is the only symptom that you will experience with P1153. Although it's not unheard of for a vehicle to experience:
 - Rough Idle
 - Loss of Power
 - Black Exhaust
Chevy Tahoe P1153: Causes + Diagnosis
Tahoe P1153 Diagnosis
Here's a pretty solid procedure for diagnosing a bad oxygen sensor. If you aren't good with a code scanner, start with section 3, swap test.
1. Capture the Short/Long Term Fuel Trim Values
If you happen to have access to a scan tool, you can use it to capture the short and long-term fuel trim values. You'll need to make sure that the engine is warmed up before you do this.
Doing this will help you determine if the O2 sensor operates within spec any looking under the hood. You'll need to compare the values that you capture with your tool with the values Chevy specifies.
2. Check the Wiring Harness at the O2 Sensor
DTC P1153 Fix
The bank two sensor one oxygen sensor has a tough life. It is right there on the hot exhaust; it also has to deal with a lot of engine vibration. The wiring harness to the sensor will fail more than almost any other wiring in your Tahoe.
Check to see if the wiring is burnt or frayed. Make sure that the pigtail that plugs into the sensor is snugged in tight and has no damage itself. You can do this pretty quickly with a flashlight. You can usually see this oxygen sensor without having to take anything apart.
You can use a multimeter to determine if there's a short or open circuit. This article can make you an expert on the subject in no time.
3. Swap Test (Optional V6, V8 Only)
Since your Tahoe has a V-8 or V6 engine, you can do something called the swap test. Basically, it involves removing the bank one sensor one oxygen(B1S1) sensor and replacing it with the bank two sensor one sensor(B2S1).
Here's how to do the swap test:
 - First, clear the DTC codes with your scanner.
 - Swap the Bank 2 Sensor 1 O2 sensor with the Bank 1 Sensor 1. They'll be on or right after the exhaust manifold on each side of the engine.
 - If the code changes to P1133 (which indicates the O2 sensor on Bank 1 is insufficiently switching), that is proof enough that your Tahoe needs a new O2 sensor.
 - If the code remains P1153, you'll need to continue pursuing your diagnosis, knowing that both O2 sensors are working fine.
4. Exhaust/Vacuum Leaks
Often a worn or brittle vacuum line will allow unmetered air into your Tahoe's engine. When this happens, it creates a lean condition.
You can test for a vacuum leak around the vacuum lines and the intake manifold. A common method is to spray carb cleaner around the intake/vacuum lines. When the spot is found, the engine will rev higher with no throttle input.
An exhaust leak can redirect the gasses that are supposed to be passing over the O2 sensor. This can leave it with a flat curve, which can throw P1153.
A bad oxygen sensor is the most common reason that your Chevy Tahoe will have P1153. However, there can be other issues that cause this code as well.
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Date of this Version
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association: San Diego, CA, 2009
This study focuses on elementary teachers' conceptions of flooding before and after inquiry-based Earth science content-based professional development. Several misconceptions emerged from the science content two tier pre-post test, some of which persisted throughout the institute while others led to evidence of teachers' conceptual change. On the post-test some teachers' ideas emerged as hybrid conceptions as they applied newly acquired academic language to prior conceptions. There was a significant increase (n = 17, mean gain = 4.3 (SD = 3.27, t (17) = 5.69, p <.000) from the preto post-test. The concepts most resistant to change from preto post-test were analyzing an overall topographic region, reading a map image, and hydrograph interpretation. The highest frequency of hybrid conceptions occurred as teachers attempted to add new academic language, such as storm surge and discharge, to their prior understandings. Teachers' greatest conceptual change occurred in understanding the probability and role of ground conditions in flooding events. Teachers demonstrated significant growth in their understanding of flooding concepts through scaffolded inquiry lessons modeled through the professional development. Teachers who had greater levels of prior knowledge showed the most change to a normative view of flooding. This speaks to the importance of building teachers' background knowledge before initiating professional development with complex science concepts.


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- Setup Lexmark Mb2236adw Printer
Lexmark Mb2236adw Printer Setup
The Lexmark mb2236adw printer is a multi-function monochrome machine. The printer can print outputs of up to 36 pages per minute. It is compact yet offers high performance. The printer also includes Wi-Fi, duplex printing, and other such features. The printer uses the Unison toner that helps with the consistent delivery in image quality and ensures life-long prints. This particular printer offers great perks, thus making it the best printer for home and small offices. To perform Lexmark Mb2236adw printer setup, refer below.
- Unpack the Lexmark printer from the carton.
- Place the printer on a flat surface, preferably closer to the computer and within the proximity range of the router.
- Remove the protective tapes surrounding the outer body of the printer.
- Open the top cover and peel off the protective tapes. Remove the packaging sheets and materials present inside.
- You will find the power cord inside; keep it aside for the time being.
- Open the cartridge access door, look inside, and take off the orange protective material.
- Remove the toner cartridge from the inside of the printer and place it aside (The cartridge comes preinstalled with the Lexmark MB2236ADW printer).
- Use the handle and remove it from the printer.
- Press the blue lever on the left side of the holder to release the toner cartridge.
- Take the toner cartridge outside and shake it evenly to redistribute the toner.
- Remove the seal of the toner cartridge and discard it.
- Do not touch the sensor of the cartridge holder (this might result in printing issues).
- Place the toner cartridge into the holder and push it until it clicks.
- Keep the toner cartridge into the printer the same way you took it out.
- Close the cartridge access door.
- Pull the paper tray from the bottom of the printer.
- Remove the protective tapes surrounding the paper guides and discard them.
- Adjust the paper guides slowly so you can match them with the paper you are going to install.
- Now, take a stack of paper and place it in the paper tray.
- Adjust the paper guides again to hold the edges of the stack firmly. Do not exceed the paper tray limit (It might lead to paper jams).
- Hold the paper tray, place it into the respective slot, and push it inside completely.
- Connect the power cord to the rear part of the printer and the main plug to the power source.
- Press the Power button on the printer body to turn it on.
- Wait for the printer to charge the ink.
- Now that the hardware setup is complete, you can conclude the setup process with the software installation.
- You need to download the printer driver from the official Lexmark support page.
Steps To Download Driver
- Open the default browser on your computer.
- Enter the URL for the Lexmark mb2236adw printer.
- Once the support page opens, click the Drivers & Downloads tab.
- Usually, the browser will automatically detect the operating system.
- If it doesn't, click the OS drop-down list and select your OS.
- Select your OS Version and the Language from the corresponding drop-down lists.
- Click the Driver option from the Type drop-down list.
- Select the driver.
- Read the information (if necessary) and click the Start Download button.
- Open the driver file and run the installation.
- Follow the commands on the screen.
- When the connection screen appears, select the type of connection you want.
- Complete the full setup procedure.
Follow the steps mentioned on this page to perform the Lexmark mb2236adw printer setup.


News & Publications
Economic Publications
Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade?
Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade?
The Netherlands are an old trade nation. During the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century, they emerged as a well-known global maritime and economic power, and even had a monopoly on European trade with Japan. Today, although some of this glory has faded, the Dutch economy is still a big player in global trade. In 2018, the Netherlands were the sixth-largest goods exporter in the world. In the service-exports category, the Dutch placed eighth in 20151. Considering exports relative to GDP, the Netherlands took third place in 2015 (right behind Ireland and Switzerland).
However, times have changed. The favourable trade environment has vanished and global trade has lost its momentum. Coface expects world trade to decrease by 0.8% in volume across 2019 as a whole (with a minus of 0.6% QOQ2 in Q3 and a small plus of 0.3% in Q4). So what does slowing global trade mean for the country with the largest port in Europe? How are the Netherlands coping with the increase of protectionism from the United States and China? What does Brexit imply for Dutch trade dynamics? And how will these factors combined affect the Dutch economy? So far, most signs are surprisingly positive…
Download this publication : Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade? (721.51 kB)
Carina REILE
Communications Manager
Marxergasse 4c
1030 Wien
Tel: +43/1/515 54-0


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Muzundrum is a "game of musicians". In the standard game, players take turns rolling 12-sided (dodecahedral) dice that contain one of the twelve tones in standard Western music and attempting to place the die on the board to form chords and scales from standard tonal music theory. For example, if a player rolls a G, he or she can place it next to a C and E on the board to form a C-major triad.
There are of course many variations on the game. And the twelve sided dice can also be interesting tools for chance compositions or guided improvisation.
We now have a pair of sample dice here at CatSynth HQ:
The black die has the standard tones as described above, while the white has the solfege syllables do, re, mi, fa, so, etc.


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Colonial homes combines understated elegance with a touch of history, and a variety of unique touches developed through regional influences.
As the name suggests, colonial house plans draw on the architectural styles prevalent in America's original East Coast settlements. Colonial settlement covered territory ranging from the blustery New England coastlines to sultry Georgia swamps, therefore, colonial design varies depending on the climate. European settlers brought their own architectural traditions, giving rise to Dutch Colonial, French Colonial, and other variations. In general, colonial home plans feature symmetry, with centered doorways and a balanced array of windows. The second story generally has the same footprint as the first, and the exterior is usually brick or clapboard siding.
Details such as chimney placement, gables, porch styles, and the like vary widely depending on the regional design variations of colonial styles. The modern colonial home design will have up-to-date amenities. However, the general feel is one of tradition, elegance, and a tie to history that brings the traditions of the colonial past into play in a modern lifestyle.


Deauthorizing and reauthorizing Adobe Digital Editions on your computer and your e-reader (old version of ADE)
These instructions are for the old version of Adobe Digital Editions. We recommend upgrading to Adobe Digital Editions 2.0, as the old version is no longer supported.
Find instructions for deauthorizing and reauthorizing Adobe Digital Editions 2.0.
Create an Adobe ID
Create an Adobe ID here. You may want to write down the email address and password you use.
If you are authorizing your Nook, use the same email address you used to register your Nook.
Deauthorize your reader
 1. Plug your reader into your computer with the USB cable
 2. Open Adobe Digital Editions
 3. Make sure you can see your reader displayed at the bottom of the left on the left-hand side of the screen
 4. Press ++
 5. Select your reader from the drop-down list and then click Deauthorize
 6. Unplug your reader from the computer
Deauthorize your computer
 1. Open Adobe Digital Editions
 2. Press ++
 - Deauthorize Computer box will appear and say, "Are you sure you want to deauthorize this computer? If you have protected items in your Digital Editions library, they may no longer be readable."
 - Select Deauthorize
 - After selecting "Deauthorize" a message will appear stating "Your computer was successfully deauthorized. Restarting Adobe Editions will require you to reactivate your computer."
 - Click on "Quit"
 3. Adobe Editions will close.
Reauthorize your computer
 1. Open Adobe Digital Editions
 2. The Setup Assistant will appear, click "Continue" and then authorize/activate the computer with a new Adobe ID and password (that you created in the first step).
 3. Close Adobe Digital Editions
Reauthorize your reader
 1. Plug your reader into your computer
 2. *If you are using a NOOK, be sure to delete the file called.adobe digital editions from your NOOK (using your computer) before continuing.*
 3. Open Adobe Digital Editions
 4. Adobe Digital Editions should detect your device and offer to authorize it with your Adobe ID.
Back to the Library2Go help page


. While this is a great advantage for your defense when you are attacked by bigger players from other provinces, it is on the other hand harder for you to conquer a village in another province and defend it. It is important to quickly build a Church there, so that your troops in that province have faith.
Other Church facts:
 - The Church needs a lot of farm space so it is not wise to build a Church in every village. The higher the building level, the higher the combat strength in the province.
 - The Church is destroyed when a village is taken over.
 - The Church has more hitpoints than any other building. So it is well protected against catapults.
In the late-game it can happen that a single player or tribe owns all villages within a province. In this case, try to destroy all enemy churches first, before you start conquering.
With spies you can get access to important information about your enemies' villages. To spy on a village you need a Tavern and at least one spy. Then send one or more of them on a reconnaissance mission. There are 3 different options available:
1. Scout buildings: Your spies try to find out what building levels the selected village has.
2. Scout units: Your spies try to find out the number of units that are currently stationed in the village. There is even a small chance to find out how many enemy units are currently stationed elsewhere or are on a mission.
3. Sabotage: Only available if you have chosen the "Thieves Guild" reside in your Hall of Orders. Your spies try to damage a random building in the target village. They can however only lower the building by one level with a successful sabotage. The Chapel and the hospital cannot be damaged.
Please note that for a sabotage mission you have to send a minimum of 3 spies and at least 3 spies will die, regardless of the missions outcome (successful/unsuccessful).
Spies travels with different speed depending on their mission; for sabotage missions they will walk 4 times slower, compared to a espionage mission.
Sabotage is an efficient way to demolish well-defended villages, as you can bring down the Farm, Church or Wall without using your armies. Of course you need a lot of villages with the "Thieves Guild".
If you have upgraded the tavern to level 14 or researched the technology "homeguard" with crowns, you mobilize your citizens to protect your village against sabotages. Sabotage attacks will fail more often compared to a village without this research.
The enemy will not notice your spies as long as they are on their way. There is even a chance that the enemy will not discover your spies at all.
The only way to defend against spies that are attacking your village is to have spies in your village yourself. They can uncover and defeat the arriving enemy spies.
If you successfully spy units or villages (green dot at the Report) then the most current report is shared with your tribe: every tribe member can find the link to this report on the village info window.
But be aware: Some of your spies might die while defending against an enemy espionage. You will not always get a rapport of such incident. Be sure to check your spies regularly to see, if they are still in place!
You can also use countermeasures to deceive enemy spies. These are more likely to happen than a complete wipe of the enemy spies. To make the countermeasures work, you need at least one spy in your village. There are 4 different kinds of countermeasures:
 - Camouflage: You can set a fake building level that the enemy spies will report to their Lord. For example, you can make your Church look to be level 0.
 - Switch Weapons: Choose two unit types that will switch their weapons. You can hide your Noblemen with that trick.
 - Dummies: Set up dummy units to feign a much bigger army.
 - Exchange: This coutermeasure forces a Spy, who failed to scout your village to submit a spy report of his or her own village instead.
Note: For counter meassures to work, you need at least one spy in your village. Counter meassures only have a slight chance of being activated when spied.
Sample spy report for units
Battle modifiers
Strength is not the only factor that determines a battles outcome. In addition, other factors can turn the battle around. These factors apply to both the attacker and defender.
Example of attack modifier calculation, all values are calculated in percentages: Attack modifier = 100 * ((faith/100) * (morale/100) * (100 + luck)/100) + officer value (10 if Grandmaster, 0 if not) + tribe attack bonus (0 if skill not used, max. 10 for skill at lvl5)
You can see the total attack modifier in the battle report. If you hover over it with your mouse, you will get the values displayed in percentage. In this example the calculation would be:
100 * (1 * 0.5* 1.04) + 10 + 10 = 72
Attack modifier.jpg
The lowest possible attack modifier is 11% and the maximum modifier is 147%.
Example of the defense modifier calculation, all values are calculated in percentages: Defense modifier = 100 * (faith/100) * (100 + (5 * level of the wall) / 100) * ((100 + night bonus)/100)
The lowest possible defense modifier is 50% and the maximum modifier is 440%.
Let us have a closer look at the factors:
The faith depends on the existence of a church or a chapel in the province. For more information, see Chapel/Church. Supporting units have the faith of the village they support, independent of the faith of their home village.
Morale is a protection for new players. It is calculated by the points of the attacker and the defender. A player usually attacks with 100% morale, but if you attack a player who is much smaller than you are, you will be penalized. For example, when your opponent's morale is 45%, your troops will only attack at 45% of their usual attack strength. If a smaller player attacks a much bigger player, there is no bonus on the attack. The maximum morale is 100%.
Time can also be a factor in morale calculation, in that it uses the time since the player joined the world. If a small player has been playing on a world for a long time but still has a small amount of points, morale will continuously rise until it reaches 50%.
The morale influences the combat strength that you can see in the attack window.
Luck is a completely random element of every fight. Your luck will be somewhere between -15% and +15% and it is always given from the attackers point of view. If you are attacking with +15% luck, it means that your fighting power is increased by 15%. For the calculation of the modifier, you add (luck) or subtract (misfortune) the given value to 100% to get the value to apply.
You get bashpoints after every battle. The bash-points shows you how successful you have been as attacker (offensive bashpoints) or as defender (defensive bashpoints). The number of bashpoints gained from killing a unit depends on you being an attacker or defender. Either you are an attacker or defender, you get 1 bashpoint for every unit you kill whilst attacking/defending respectively.
See the table for more information.
unit Offensive bashpoints Defensive bashpoints
Spearman 4 1
Swordsman 5 2
Axe Fighter 1 4
Archer 5 2
Light Cavalry 5 13
Mounted Archer 6 12
Heavy Cavalry 23 15
Ram 4 8
Catapult 12 10
Paladin 40 20
Nobleman 200 200
Berserker 10 25
Trebuchet 25 8
You can compare your bash-points with those from other players in the rankings. In the rankings there are columns for offensive, defensive and the sum of bash-points.
If you send a Grandmaster with your army, it will attack with 10% more attack strength. Therefore, a factor of 1.1 will be used for the battle modifier. If you don't send a Grandmaster, the value is 1.0.
Night Bonus
During night, the defending units get a bonus to allow players to sleep better. When an attack arrives during the night bonus, the defender gets an additional 100% bonus,, which means that the normal defending strength is doubled. During the rest of the day, this factor is 1. If the player has a church at level 3 in the province and a wall at level 20, the defending units fight with 440% strength at night.
Catapults and Rams
Catapults can destroy your opponent's buildings. If you initiate an attack with catapults, you can select which building shall be targeted in the window from which you launch the attack.
Note that buildings have different hitpoints. Also technologies to increase hitpoints can be researched. Academy, Preceptory and Church have way more hitpoints than other buildings.
The following buildings cannot be demolished below level 1: Headquarters, Farm, Warehouse, Chapel. The hospital can not be targeted by the catapults.
The Ram is used for tearing down the enemy Wall. This is done twice during a battle. The first ram attack will be executed before the battle starts and lowers the defense bonus of the defender if successful. The second attack is done after the battle with the surviving rams. If your tribe uses the Tribe Skill "Iron Wall"


How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby, Rose (2021) How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities. MRes thesis, University of Lincoln.
How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby Rose e-copy submission 11.02.21.pdf - Whole Document
Item Type:Thesis (MRes)
Item Status:Live Archive
This thesis will draw upon radio production, specifically community radio, to examine how the participation of the audience can empower participants and offer a voice to the voiceless. By embedding the values of community radio into community/rehabilitation projects, can radio improve lives for those participating in the production?
This research will explore what is meant by the term minority community, and how those within a minority community can be better represented through the medium of radio. Radio produced 'by the prisoner for the prisoner' is beginning to draw academic interest as a means to help prisoners with their rehabilitation process. This thesis will explore the nature of the media within minority communities, and will specifically examine how radio production can be used to connect with the more challenging to reach communities such as prisoners and patients within a high-secure hospital. Are prisoners a minority community? If so, what defines them as such? By focusing on one element of minority communities; those who are incarcerated, this body of work examines the broader implications for other minority communities.
It is necessary to examine the impact that radio has on the producer to analyse how radio can improve lives. By drawing on the theory and practice of media production, as well as the impact on participants, a conclusion can be made on how the lives of those involved are improved.
The DiGi DBT (Digital Dialectical Behavioural Therapy) project will act as a case study to test the theory that radio production can improve lives. Through an observational research approach, the project will look specifically at patients diagnosed with personality disorders, living in a high-secure hospital. By encouraging patients to engage with community radiobased projects, can they be empowered? If empowerment takes place, can this aid the patients' rehabilitation process?
DiGi DBT was initially a two-year project, funded by Knowledge Transformation Partnerships (KTP), which was later extended to three years. DiGi DBT was observed first-hand by the researcher and author of this thesis, while being employed as the Media and Therapy Developer responsible for leading the programme. The project saw the University of Lincoln and Rampton High Secure Hospital come together to use radio as a medium to help patients diagnosed with personality disorder redesign Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) for future patients through radio production. This thesis uses ethnographic, observational and qualitative research techniques to evaluate the success of the project, the project aims and how this project can be used as a case study to evidence how radio can improve lives in minority communities
ID Code:44216
Deposited On:04 Mar 2021 12:51
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8 Patient Fibs Pharmacists Hate to Hear
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The following was provided by Pharmacy Times:
When a patient lies to you, you may forgive the first offense, but if it continues, it can become tiresome. Worse yet, it can be dangerous and result in harmful drug interactions, higher treatment costs, or ineffective therapy. In fact, a WebMD survey found that 32% of patients reported "stretching the truth" when dealing with their health care providers. Only 13% admitted to outright lying. Additionally, patients between 25 and 34 years old were most likely to lie to their physicians, and they tended to lie about recreational drug use, sexual history, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Here are 8 patient fibs pharmacists hate to hear: CLICK HERE to read more.
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Roadside springs are a source of pure, clean drinking water.
Roadside springs are not considered a reliable, safe drinking water supply.
Many people use natural springs as a source of drinking water. There is a mystique associated with springs, and a general public perception that clear, flowing, spring water is pure and natural, better tasting and free of contaminants compared to the local municipal water supply or private wells. In the majority of cases, these perceptions are not valid scientifically. Natural springs are not considered to be a reliable, safe water supply.
Who monitors roadside springs?
Most roadside springs are not routinely tested and monitored, and are not adequately constructed and protected against surface contaminants. In a recent study of approximately 100 roadside springs in Nova Scotia, 94% of the samples had total coliforms present, and 29% of the samples had fecal coliforms present. These results raise serious concerns about the sanitary quality of many of the roadside springs which are being widely used by the public.
At times there is a
Boil Water Advisory sign at our local roadside spring. If there is no such sign, is the water safe to drink?
The absence of a boil advisory sign does not mean that the water is safe. Historical results indicate that the water quality of roadside springs fluctuates. Coliform bacteria are sometimes absent, sometimes present, at the same spring at different times. Many springs have been posted with a boil advisory sign, but unfortunately the signs are often removed. In the past, where pipes have been removed from various springs to discourage their use, the pipes have often been replaced by members of the public.
If I experience a problem with the water in my well and a roadside spring is my usual "back-up", where else can I get water?
If you experience a problem with your well, or do not like the taste of your municipal or private supply, you are advised to consider alternative options to roadside springs. Other sources of supply, such as bottled water, are available. Point-of-use treatment devices can be installed at a tap normally used for drinking water. Please be aware that such treatment devices need care and maintenance to work properly.


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Cobalt phosphide nanowire array as an effective electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic glucose sensing†
It is of significant importance for the design of electrodes to construct enhanced electrochemical sensing platforms, and a nanoarray offers an ideal architecture for the detection of molecules. In this communication, we demonstrate that cobalt phosphide nanowire array grown in situ on titanium mesh (CoP NA/TM) exhibits high catalytic activity towards electrooxidation of glucose. As a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor, this CoP NA/TM catalytic electrode possesses superior analytical performance with a short response time of less than 5 s, a wide linear range of 0.0005–1.5 mM, a low detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N = 3), a high sensitivity of 5168.6 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a remarkable selectivity and long-term stability for glucose detection. We further demonstrate the successful use of such glucose biosensors in human blood serum and fruit juice.
- This article is part of the themed collection: JMC B Editor's choice web collection: ''seeing the unseen updated: advances in biosensing''


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Few forces in the world are as potent as religion: it comforts people in their suffering and inspires them to both magnificent and terrible deeds. In this provocative and timely book, Daniel C. Dennett seeks to uncover the origins of religion and discusses how and why different faiths have shaped so many lives, whether religion is an addiction or a genuine human need, and even whether it is good for our health. Arguing passionately for the need to understand this multifaceted phenomenon, Breaking the Spell offers a truly original – and comprehensive – explanation for faith.
- Publication Date:
- 29 / 03 / 2007


text: Performance of a prototype dual-energy digital chest radiography unit in detecting calcified and noncalcified simulated pulmonary nodules was compared with that of a highly optimized, conventional system. Nodules ranging in size (0.5, 1.0, and 1.6 cm), in number (five to 11), and in calcium content (0-25 mg) were superimposed over the lungs of a frozen, unembalmed, human chest phantom. For each technique, six observers examined 50 posteroanterior projections with different randomized nodule locations. Detection consisted of locating and assigning a level of confidence to each perceived nodular opacity. The resulting plots of the true-positive fraction versus the mean number of false-positive calls per projection indicate that for both calcified and noncalcified nodules, the digital unit performed significantly better (P less than.01).


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GOLDEN SEALóGive a description of golden seal?
Golden seal grows to about a foot in height and has a hairy, purplish stem, branching out at the top. There are only two branches and usually only two leaves, one on each branch. One leaf is larger than the other and they are both of irregular outline, deeply notched and with from three to nine lobes. The flower and fruit grow on the stem holding the smaller leaf. The fruit when ripe resembles a red raspberry. The plant has a thick yellow rootstock with a mass of small branching roots.
Harding, A.R.. 3001 Questions and Answers. Columbus, Oh: A.R. Harding, 1913.
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How to Find Prisoner Info and Mugshots
Exploring the criminal justice system on the web
If you're looking for a prison inmate, a mugshot, or more information about the United States criminal justice system, the internet hosts a number of websites that can help.
The resources below can be used to locate inmate pictures, find which facility an inmate is located at, see where prisons and jails are in each state, and learn other details related to the penal system.
A facility might not update its online information on a prisoner for 24 hours or longer after incarceration.
Find Prisoners With a Federal Inmate Locator
Person using the Federal Bureau of Prisons database
Maddy Price / Lifewire
The easiest way to do a nationwide inmate search to locate which prison an inmate is located at (or where they were held before release), is to search for the person using the Find an Inmate search tool on It works for any offender incarcerated from 1982 to present day.
If you know the person's BOP register, DCDC, FBI, or INS number, you can search by it for a super-targeted search. Otherwise, try finding the inmate by their name, age, and gender.
Find Information About State Prison Systems
VINELink Iowa page
VINELink, a service of the National Victim Notification Network, lets you search criminal cases and offender information state by state, using their name or offender ID number. You also have the opportunity to obtain information about current criminal cases and the status of offenders.
The same website from above can be used to find more information about federal prisons, such as the prison's primary email address and phone number, its judicial district and county, how many inmates are in the prison, and more. Visit's Search Locations page for these details.
Locate Inmate Pictures and Mugshots
Since most states keep an online database of people in the penal system, you can usually find mugshots with identifying information such as the date of the crime and the length of the sentence.
To do this, open a search engine like Google and type your state followed by department of corrections to find your jurisdiction's offender database. Like this:
kansas department of corrections
Kansas Department of Corrections website
Once you get to your state's Department of Corrections page, you might have to do a little bit of searching for penal records. Each state has them listed differently; some might have a link to Offender Search or Inmate Search.
Every state's penal search form has a couple of things in common. You'll need at least a last name just to get started, and if you have a first name, you'll have even better results. Unless you have a lot of specific information, try a general search first and narrow it down until you find what you're looking for.
If you want a copy of your own individual arrest images, you can go to the jail where the initial booking took place and make inquiries. The process differs by county and state, but you'll most likely need to make a formal records request to obtain this information. If the mugshot is part of an ongoing investigation, it may be exempt from any kind of public records request depending on where you're located. is another way to find mugshots. Unlike the websites above, it isn't offered by the government, but it still provides millions of records, all browsable by state and searchable by name.
Not every person who gets arrested gets their picture taken, and arrest information isn't necessarily public record unless you're a celebrity or similar person of public interest.
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If you want to determine if you are directly related to the ancestor, a technique is by using a DNA romantic relationship predictor test out. One such DNA test is the DBA-Z marker evaluation. This GENETICS relationship predictor test is employed in many cases to ascertain whether or not a relation is present between two individuals. GENETICS relationships will be determined through testing the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial DNA. There is thus a purpose to test the mother's and paternal DNA to find out when there is any familial relationship present between persons.
Centimorgen is usually an ancient measure of exactly how directly a person relates to her or his ancestor. Employing this centimorgen factor, a genetic relationship is measured between two individuals. The consequence of such a calculation is then used simply because input to a one marriage predictor. These types of ancestry and calculators are helpful in identifying the percentage of genetic relationship present between individuals. These DNA human relationships are important with regards to genealogical studies. The results of such a computation are also helpful to individuals who want to trace their very own family history.
The DNA relationship predictor centimorgen calculator can be used to discover if you write about a common ancestor with an individual. In cases such as these, the calculation of the centimorgen determines whether you are closely related to your ancestor or perhaps not. Hence, this particular DNA relationship predictor provides information in regard to your relationship to your ancestor. The result will determine whether you talk about a common ancestor with someone.
The percentage of genetic marriage found through using a DNA relationship predictor depend upon which DNA section that was used to calculate the centimeterorgen. Specifically, the calculation in the dna area rate consists of base-pair info. A GENETICS relationship predictor centimorgen _URL_ chart can easily calculate the percentages of the genetic relationships which can be specific to one person and others. The GENETICS centimorgans graph and or chart can also analyze the percentages that happen to be common to particular groups of persons.
Similarly, the calculation from the one romantic relationship predictor can also be conducted with the help of GEDmatch. The GEDmatch DNA calculator can help identify whether you share a common parent or perhaps different parents. In addition to this, the GEDmatch GENETICS calculator can calculate the odds of the sections distributed by the parents. This is valuable as it facilitates determine whether or not you share a common ancestral roots with your sibling. Furthermore, the GEDmatch DNA calculator also can determine regardless of whether you show a common antecedent, ascendant, ascendent, or distinct ancestors.
There are a lot of benefits to be gained by simply carrying out GENETICS tests and calculating the dna romantic relationship data with the adoptees. For example, such measurements can be used to understand the romantic relationships between the adoptees and their families. It can also be used to find out if the families of a person's own neurological family happen to be related to those of adoptees. More importantly, the research of such data can easily shed light on the familial connections among friends and family. Most importantly, such analyses can certainly help find out whether there are any connections among members of numerous pairs in a family history. Consequently, carrying out GENETICS tests and calculating dna marriage data belonging to the adoptees makes it easier to understand one's neurological family history better.


Setup a payment plan
Instructions for setting up a payment plan:
 1. Print and submit the following payment plan form (PDF). The form must be signed in front of a notary. You can submit it by email, fax, mail or in person.
 2. Pay the initial down payment by internet,mail, or money order, in person with your signed payment plan.
 3. Once the Clerk receives your down payment and notarized form, the Clerk will update your case(s) to reflect the payment agreement.
 4. If you would like a copy of your plan or receipts for any payments, you must send a self-addressed stamped envelope to our office with your payments.


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Train your pooches to find their own treats with this interactive toy that rewards them for sniffing out where the treats are. When they slide the right plastic slider open, they are rewarded for being such clever boys and girls. Interactive toys are excellent to challenge them and for problem solving. After rough and tumble in the yard, do a few brain training exercises with them. Mix up different brain training toys to keep it stimulating and interesting.
* Brain training toys * Interactive dogs toy * Rewards dogs with treats * Keep your pooches stimulated * Problem solving for dogs * Size: 22x12cm


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I am using the same code on two different websites which are hosted on different servers. In one of them the Facebook oauth log in works as it has to but on the other one after the authentication, it redirects to a url like this:
The odd part is that it works on one of the servers but not on the other one. What do you think causes this?
In the Facebook Connect case: 1. The Website (client in OAuth speak) redirects the user to Facebook asking for access to the users portion of the Facebook Graph API endpoint. 2. Facebook gets the users Authorization to give that access. 3. Facebook then redirects the user back to the client passing an access token in the URL fragment. 4. The client performs a GET on the Facebook API endpoint using the access token from step 3. 5. The Graph API endpoint returns a JSON object that contains a Facebook user_id and other public and perhaps private information based on what access the user granted. 6. The Website logs in user in as the user_id from the Graph API endpoint. I think my server can not do the 5th part.


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What is the Framework for Student Success?
The Framework for Student Success (FSS) is our name for the Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling Program which is a campus-wide framework which outlines how staff works together as a team to foster each student's development into a whole person. The Oregon School for the Deaf provides counseling and guidance support for each student that is both proactive and responsive to individual needs and provides the skills necessary to be productive citizens.
OSD's Framework for Student Success is an integral component of the overall educational program and ensures that:
- Student needs are addressed
- Services are delivered collaboratively by a team compromised of all departments on campus, families, communities and school districts
- Transitions are seamless across all ages and settings
- Areas of support include academic, personal/social, career achievement, and community involvement
Components of the Framework for Student Success:
The components of this program include the Guidance Curriculum, Individual Planning, Student Advocacy, and Student Responsibilities.
The guidance curriculum consists of structured developmental experiences presented systematically through collaborating classroom and group activities from the elementary grades through high school. The purpose of the guidance curriculum is to provide all students at all grade levels knowledge and skills to promote positive physical and mental health as well as appropriate social skills. With these skills, students will experience success in their educational, vocational and personal/social life roles.
Individual planning activities assist each student in setting and achieving academic, career, and personal/social goals. Activities include community involvement and post high school interests and plans. These activities support the development of the education plan that personalizes student learning,documents progress, and records achievement in their education profile. This is done for every student at their annual Individual Education Program (IEP) meeting.
OSD Staff will assist with student advocacy in the following areas:
- Support the personalized, active, and meaningful learning of each student
- Encourage each student in the attainment of individual educational, personal, and career goals
- Identify and minimize barriers (e.g., communication, personal/social) so that each student has increased opportunity for success in school
- Ensure that student educational needs are addressed at every educational level
- Promote equity by providing access to quality curriculum for each student
- Further the achievement of high standards
Students will take on ownership of their education by assuming the following areas of responsibilities:
- Apply skills needed for educational achievement
- Apply Essential Skills in Reading, Writing, Presentation, and Math for future success
- Participate in ongoing, lifelong learning experiences to enhance their ability to function effectively in a changing world
- Research and apply information learned about the world of work
- Have the opportunity to apply employment readiness and decision making skills
- Apply Career Related Learning Standards to set and pursue realistic goals
Personal and Social Development
- Understand their roles and responsibilities as individuals and members of local and global communities
- Interact with others in ways that respect individual and group differences
- Build and maintain positive selfesteem
- Demonstrate personal responsibility for behavior and safety
- Apply communication, teamwork and problem-solving skills as involved members of the community
- Demonstrate ethical and responsible behavior as contributing community members
- Create a sense of connectedness through community service activities
For more information, please check out the brochure to the left or contact:
Ms. Cherie Ulmer, Elementary and Middle School Counselor
Ms. Donna Schuyler, High School Counselor
Ms. Anne Harrington, Transition Counselor


How to Design a Barbecue Area
Backyard barbecues have come a long way from the basic, charcoal-burning grill rolled out from the garden shed for an occasional summer cookout. Homeowners living in moderate climates often use their grills year-round, turning barbecue areas into permanent outdoor kitchens.
Use weatherproof materials on outdoor cabinetry.
Elaborate gas grills are surrounded by built-in cabinets, counter space, sinks, extra storage, and often include other appliances such as small refrigerators or wine cooling cabinets. Since the grill itself is the main attraction, the surrounding area should support the function while making sense with the design and form of the grill. A well-designed barbecue area first should factor in safety, followed by function, and end with an aesthetically pleasing outdoor living space, no matter what type of grill is at the center.
 Measure the available space where you plan to build your barbecue area.
 1. Measure the overall available space on your patio, deck or yard where you plan to build your barbecue area. Draw a rough sketch of where the grill will be located and fill in the surrounding space with the items you want to include. Use the sketch as a guide to take approximate measurements of the grill space, storage space, food prep space and dining space. Fill in each measurement in the appropriate location of the sketch. Refer back to your barbecue area floor plan as needed while you buy the items and materials needed.
 2. Space and fuel are important factors for choosing a grill type.
 3. Think about the type of barbecue grill you would like, and what will fit in the available space. Consider the type of fuel needed to cook. Adjust the placement of the grill to accommodate gas or electricity running from the house if you are planning a permanent outdoor kitchen. Include storage -- at least six or seven feet away from the heat source -- for an extra propane tank or charcoal for portable grills. Choose a well-ventilated area for gas or charcoal grills. Use an electric grill on a balcony, terrace or screened-in porch.
 4. Stone and brick are heat resistant and fireproof.
 5. Consider safe flooring materials for the cooking area. Choose heat-resistant materials such as cement, brick, stone or ceramic tile. Use a grill mat or pad when cooking on a wood deck or uneven surface.
 6. Install outdoor cabinets built with marine-grade polymers that can withstand direct exposure to UV light, heat and moisture. Protect wood cabinetry with weatherproof materials such as backerboard, which provides a surface to which brick or stone masonry can adhere. Use a composite base under wood-framed cabinetry to prevent mildew and rot.
 7. Outdoor appliances provide convenient kitchen ammenities.
 8. Add the outdoor appliances, such as compact refrigerators, ice bins and coolers, included in your barbecue area floor plan. Include extra features such as a sink and fully stocked outdoor bar or beverage center if space and budget allows. Include adequate storage drawers, bins and shelves for cooking and eating utensils, glassware, cookware and tableware.
 9. Cover your barbecue area with a roof.
 10. Build some type of roof structure over your cooking and dining areas to shelter from direct sun and rain. Install lighting for more convenient after-dark entertaining. Include a dining table and plenty of seating options.
If your budget is tight, build your barbecue area in stages, as your budget allows. If you rent a home, you can build or buy a portable outdoor kitchen and take it with you when you move. Your barbecue area design should be consistent with the design of your home and your skill level as a DIY craftsman. Enhance this outdoor living space with potted plants, candle lanterns and fabric upholstery on seating cushions that ties in with the decor inside your home.
Always read the owner's manual and especially the safety guidelines before using a new grill.
Always light a gas grill with the lid open. Check all connections, pipes, hoses and the tank for damage or leaks before using a grill that has been stored or unused for a few months.
Turn off the gas first, then the controls on a gas grill to burn any gas remaining in the pipe.
Two 20-pound propane tanks are the legal limit for oneor two-family residential properties.


AGVS Automated Guided Vehicles
The Basics of Automatic Guided Vehicles
Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems are one of the most dynamic areas in material handling today, but in fact, the basic concept is at least 50-years old. In recent years advances in electronics and software have resulted in significant improvements in the functionality of guided vehicles. With today's microprocessor technology giving users vastly superior flexibility and capability, and cost effectiveness to previous generations of AGV systems.
Automated Guided Vehicles Power Driven Roller
The Application of Automatic Guided Vehicles
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) can be the best horizontal transportation method for material handling in many applications. How do you know when an AGV System offers the best solution?
AGVS Systems are often used in conjunction with AS/RS machines, Automated Workcells, and Palletizers. In general, characteristics present in many successful AGS applications include medium, steady throughput, the desire to minimize fork truck traffic (and associated safety concerns as well), environments where flow is managed electronically, and flexibility. It goes without saying that long travel distances lend themselves well to AGV implementation.
Varieties of Automatic Guided Vehicles
Automated Guided Vehicle Laser Guidance
How AGV Systems Are Controlled
One popular way of controlling AGV Systems is laser guidance. Systems utilizing laser guidance provide unparalleled system flexibility. Vehicle guide paths can be altered, and pickup/drop-off points can added or eliminated quickly and easily. This is made simpler by the fact that laser-guided systems do not require the cost or hassle caused by drilling and/or cutting the floor while installing guidewire, magnets, or other passive targets…nor do they use less reliable methods such as adhesive guidance paths. The vehicle features laser scanner which provides navigation capability anywhere in the facility. The laser scanner strobes the plant, sensing reflective targets mounted progressively on the walls of the plant. As soon as two or more targets are located, the vehicle determines the vehicles' current location using a triangulation algorithm in the control software. The software also runs additional calculations that determine the vehicle's path to the next pick or drop location.
Another popular methodology involves utilizing some floor-based markers…imbedded wire, tags, magnets, etc. These vehicles utilize more sophisticated on-board controllers, but don't require and RF backbone or Overhead Antenna System. On-board controls allow each vehicle to perform their own traffic control, routing, remote dispatching and station functions. These systems are also user-configurable, within the limits of the predefined landmarks located in the floor.
Other methods include GPS navigation, a less common but upcoming technology.