text:
File(s) not publicly available
Monitoring river channel dynamics using remote sensing and GIS techniques
journal contributionposted on 25.03.2019, 00:00 by PK Langat, L Kumar, Richard Koech
River channel dynamics are natural autogenic occurrences for fluvial rivers with influences from humanmodifications and climatic factors. Remote sensing and geographic information systemtools and techniques, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery have been used to determine epochal channel erosion, accretion, and unchanged locations along Tana River, Kenya's longest river. Six reaches within a 142-kmSaka-Mnazini stretchwere studied by comparing sequential changes in the position of the channel in 1975–1986, 1986–2000, 2000–2017, and 1975–2017 epochs.Manual and automatic digital processing procedures and GIS tools were applied to visualize and quantify the reach-wise spatial and temporal morphological changes. The erosion and accretion channel changes over the study period were observed and quantified at all reaches. Meandering and switching off or abandoning the main active channel was also illustrated. The potential driving forces of morphological changes included varying hydrological regime, upstreamland use practices, nature of channel gradient, and riparian vegetation occurrence changes.We found no clear evidence to link river regulationwith the river channel dynamics. Results deliver the latest evidence on the dynamics of Tana River. This information is crucial for understanding river evolution characteristics and aid in planning and management at the lower reaches which has remained poorly understood.Use of remote sensing data in concert with GIS provides efficient and economical quantitative spatial and temporal analysis of river channel changes.


text:
Under the Dreamcatcher
Acrylic painting. Reminiscent of my medical elective in Moose Factory at Weeneebayko Hospital.
In late April, at the time of the Moose River ice "break-up," we wore our rubber boots to protect our scrubs as we traveled the muddy roads to get to Weenebayko Hospital, Moose Factory. 'We' are the medical students who travel by airplane to this remote and rural reserve in Northern Ontario. Like many First Nation Reserves, Moose Factory has a strong Indigenous Culture. This acrylic painting is a reflection of the two types of health care provided to the community. The Dreamcatcher in the sky as a symbol of Indigenous spirituality and the hospital in the background as a symbol of Western medicine. The scene is inspired by an Icaro, a traditional indigenous song that is whistled during a plant ceremony. As Canada's northern communities experience barriers to health distribution, the promise of valuing local indigenous healing methods could not only save lives but also harmonize these two valuable medicinal practices.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
milk whereas a cow produces up to 40 litres/day. To increase milk yield the UAE looks at Turkmeni dromedary camels which produce nearly 50 per cent more milk than the UAE's.
Pakistan and Afghanistan camels have the highest yields of milk, up to 30 litres per day. The Bactrian camel, produces between 2.5-5 litres per day. The dromedary, one-humped camel, produces an average of 6-9 litres per day. Intensive breeding of cows has created animals that can produce 40 litres per day.
Camel milk marketed as healthy food
Tests have shown the milk has less than half the fat and 40 per cent of the cholesterol of cows' milk - as well as three times the vitamin C.
It can be digested by people who are intolerant to lactose, and can even ease food allergies. All this, Emirates Industry believes, gives it the scope to be marketed as a health food.
Camels can endure 21 days without drinking water and may feed on low-quality fodder and still produce milk. These animals are therefore an option for food security in hot and dry areas...
Lactation of camels
Gestation of camels takes thirteen month. The mother must stay with the calf and raise it herself, otherwise it will stop producing milk, whereas a dairy cow can be separated from her calf when it is born and still gives milk for six to nine months. A mother camel can feed her calf and can be milked for twelve to eighteen months.
Water deprivation impact on camel milk
Bekele et al. 2011 report that camels maintain milk volume during water deprivation for about 1 week, but they produced less milk during the second week. Osmolality increased during the first 4 days of water deprivation, but remained at this level during another 12 days without watering. Milk lactose content did not increase. The authors stress that camels do not dilute their milk when dehydrated.
Camel brucellosis in Sudan
Omer and colleagues 2010 assessed brucellosis in Sudan. Seroprevalence in camels milk and serum samples was 37.5% and 9% in abattoir workers. Brucella abortus biovar 6 was isolated from camels and cows, suggesting that camels were infected from cattle which is the primary host of B. abortus.
Camel Q fever in cattle and camels
Rahimi et al. 2011 used polymerase chain reaction to determine the contamination of Coxiella burnetii as source of Q fever infection in dairy bovine, ovine, caprine, and camel herds in Iran. Using polymerase chain reaction in bulk milk samples, the authors found positive rections for Coxiella burnetii in 3.2% bovine milk samples, 5.7% sheep milk samples, 4.5% goat milk samples and 1.4% camel milk samples. The authors call for more studies on prevalence and epidemiology of Q fever in Iran.
Coxiella burnetii shedding seems to occur frequently in milk taken from asymptomatic dairy cows. The number of Coxiella shed in milk is generally low. The phase I vaccine prevented abortion and greatly decreased the shedding of C. burnetii in milk.
Fretz et al 2007 report the results of a screening of Q-fever agent in bulk milk samples from cows, sheep and goats and in shell eggs produced in and imported into Switzerland. In this study 4.7 of the samples of bovine milk samples tested positive for Coxiella burnetii by nested PCR. Ovine and caprine bulk milk samples, and shell eggs were also found to be negative for C. burnetii. The authors concluded that Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle is frequent.
Goat exposure was associated with increased seroprevalence of Q fever counting up to 26.3% in veterinaries and farm workers in southern Taiwan, and 43.8% goats tested poitive for Coxiella burnetii. Chang et al. 2010 concluded that goats the most important risk of human contamination with Ccoxiella burnetii and health education could help to reduce Coxiella burnetii risk infection in southern Taiwan.
Camelpox is a contagious skin disease of camelids caused by camelpox virus (CMLV) and is characterized by mild local skin infection and less common severe systemic infections going ahead with morbidity, mortality, loss of weight and reduction in milk yield. The virus has close genetic relatedness to variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and carrying genes responsible for host immune evasion mechanisms say Bhanuprakash et al 2010.
GB virus C in Arabian camels
GB virus C (GBV-C), formerly known as Hepatitis G virus (HGV), is known to infect humans, but is not known to cause human disease. Abu Odeh 2011 found 18.2% of dromedary Arabian camels in the United Arab Emirates positive for GBV-C, however, all camels milk samples tested negative. Sequence analysis of the 5'-UTR using isolates from the 4 camels revealed the prevalence of the European/North American genotype 2.
Composition of camel milk
Konuspayeva et al.2009 describe the camel milk composition from dromedary and Bactrian species
Asian values were higher in all the components, except ash, because of the predominance of the Bactrian camel in this region. Fat content of camel milk of East Africa was higher than milk from other areas of Africa and Western Asia. Camel milk from Kazakhstan hat higher content of fat and protein but reduced lactose compared to references from Central Asia. Tables of composition of camel milk may be found at:
 UAE set to import camels. The National 2.05.2011
 Bekele T, Lundeheim N, Dahlborn K: Milk production and feeding behavior in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) during 4 watering regimens. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Mar;94(3):1310-7.
 Omer MM, Musa MT, Bakhiet MR, Perrett L. Brucellosis in camels, cattle and humans: associations and evaluation of serological tests used for diagnosis of the disease in certain nomadic localities in Sudan. Rev Sci Tech. 2010 Dec;29(3):663-9.
 Rahimi E, Ameri M, Karim G, Doosti A: Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in bulk milk samples from dairy bovine, ovine, caprine, and camel herds in Iran as determined by polymerase chain reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011 Feb;8(2):307-10.
 Rodolakis A: Q Fever in dairy animals. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 May;1166:90-3
 Fretz R, Schaeren W, Tanner M, Baumgartner A: Screening of various foodstuffs for occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in Switzerland. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 May 30;116(3):414-8.
 Chang CC, Lin PS, Hou MY, Lin CC, Hung MN, Wu TM, Shu PY, Shih WY, Lin JH, Chen WC, Wu HS, Lin LJ: Identification of risk factors of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) infection in veterinary-associated populations in southern Taiwan. Zoonoses Public Health. 2010 Dec;57(7-8):e95-101. doi: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.2009.01290.x.
 Bhanuprakash V, Prabhu M, Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Hosamani M, Pathak KM, Singh RK: Camelpox: epidemiology, diagnosis and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Oct;8(10):1187-201.
 Abu Odeh RO: Detection and genotyping of GB virus-C in dromedary camels in the United Arab Emirates.Vet Microbiol. 2011 Jan 27;147(3-4):226-30.
 Konuspayeva G, Faye B, Loiseau G: The composition of camel milk: A meta-analysis of the literature data. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22 (2009) 95–101
02.05.2011: Statistical early warning signals of ecosystem catastrophes
Carpenter et al. 20011 found that statistic models used to assess catastrophic changes in economic and medical systems can also predict ecosystem collapses. The authors write that early signals of an ecological catastrophe are the slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance in an aquatic food web. The authors added top predators to a lake to destabilize its food web. Small fish sensed the danger and fled to hides near the shores. The population of water flea at open water increased and their food, phytoplancton, decreased. These warning signals could be detected more than a year before the change of the food web broke down.
Examples of such measurable increase in variance are fluctuations in brain waves, the Dow Jones index, or chlorophyll of algae as noted in the food web of the lake described in this study. Similar symptoms occur in many systems like. Such signals can be identified, early enough to interfere, before they reach a critical state of

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Submit a blog to KDnuggets -- Top Blogs Win A Reward
KDnuggets Home » News » 2016 » Apr » Tutorials, Overviews » Association Rules and the Apriori Algorithm: A Tutorial ( 16:n14 )
Association Rules and the Apriori Algorithm: A Tutorial
 http likes 44
A great and clearly-presented tutorial on the concepts of association rules and the Apriori algorithm, and their roles in market basket analysis.
The Problem
When we go grocery shopping, we often have a standard list of things to buy. Each shopper has a distinctive list, depending on one's needs and preferences. A housewife might buy healthy ingredients for a family dinner, while a bachelor might buy beer and chips. Understanding these buying patterns can help to increase sales in several ways. If there is a pair of items, X and Y, that are frequently bought together:
Tesco Pic (edit).png
Product placement in Tesco, UK.
 - Both X and Y can be placed on the same shelf, so that buyers of one item would be prompted to buy the other.
 - Promotional discounts could be applied to just one out of the two items.
 - Advertisements on X could be targeted at buyers who purchase Y.
 - X and Y could be combined into a new product, such as having Y in flavors of X.
While we may know that certain items are frequently bought together, the question is, how do we uncover these associations?
Besides increasing sales profits, association rules can also be used in other fields. In medical diagnosis for instance, understanding which symptoms tend to co-morbid can help to improve patient care and medicine prescription.
Association rules analysis is a technique to uncover how items are associated to each other. There are three common ways to measure association.
Measure 1: Support. This says how popular an itemset is, as measured by the proportion of transactions in which an itemset appears. In Table 1 below, the support of {apple} is 4 out of 8, or 50%. Itemsets can also contain multiple items. For instance, the support of {apple, beer, rice} is 2 out of 8, or 25%.
Association Rule Support eqn
Table 1. Example Transactions
If you discover that sales of items beyond a certain proportion tend to have a significant impact on your profits, you might consider using that proportion as your support threshold. You may then identify itemsets with support values above this threshold as significant itemsets.
Measure 2: Confidence. This says how likely item Y is purchased when item X is purchased, expressed as {X -> Y}. This is measured by the proportion of transactions with item X, in which item Y also appears. In Table 1, the confidence of {apple -> beer} is 3 out of 4, or 75%.
Association Rule Confidence eqn
One drawback of the confidence measure is that it might misrepresent the importance of an association. This is because it only accounts for how popular apples are, but not beers. If beers are also very popular in general, there will be a higher chance that a transaction containing apples will also contain beers, thus inflating the confidence measure. To account for the base popularity of both constituent items, we use a third measure called lift.
Measure 3: Lift. This says how likely item Y is purchased when item X is purchased, while controlling for how popular item Y is. In Table 1, the lift of {apple -> beer} is 1,which implies no association between items. A lift value greater than 1 means that item Y is likely to be bought if item X is bought, while a value less than 1 means that item Y is unlikely to be bought if item X is bought.
Association Rule Lift eqn
An Illustration
We use a dataset on grocery transactions from the arules R library. It contains actual transactions at a grocery outlet over 30 days. The network graph below shows associations between selected items. Larger circles imply higher support, while red circles imply higher lift:
Association Rules Network Graph
Associations between selected items. Visualized using the arulesViz R library.
Several purchase patterns can be observed. For example:
 - The most popular transaction was of pip and tropical fruits
 - Another popular transaction was of onions and other vegetables
 - If someone buys meat spreads, he is likely to have bought yogurt as well
 - Relatively many people buy sausage along with sliced cheese
 - If someone buys tea, he is likely to have bought fruit as well, possibly inspiring the production of fruit-flavored tea
Recall that one drawback of the confidence measure is that it tends to misrepresent the importance of an association. To demonstrate this, we go back to the main dataset to pick 3 association rules containing beer:
association rules confidence lift example
Table 2. Association measures for beer-related rules
The {beer -> soda} rule has the highest confidence at 20%. However, both beer and soda appear frequently across all transactions (see Table 3), so their association could simply be a fluke. This is confirmed by the lift value of {beer -> soda}, which is 1, implying no association between beer and soda.
association rules support example
Table 3. Support of individual items
On the other hand, the {beer -> male cosmetics} rule has a low confidence, due to few purchases of male cosmetics in general. However, whenever someone does buy male cosmetics, he is very likely to buy beer as well, as inferred from a high lift value of 2.6. The converse is true for {beer -> berries}. With a lift value below 1, we may conclude that if someone buys berries, he would likely be averse to beer.
It is easy to calculate the popularity of a single itemset, like {beer, soda}. However, a business owner would not typically ask about individual itemsets. Rather, the owner would be more interested in having a complete list of popular itemsets. To get this list, one needs to calculate the support values for every possible configuration of items, and then shortlist the itemsets that meet the minimum support threshold.
In a store with just 10 items, the total number of possible configurations to examine would be a whopping 1023. This number increases exponentially in a store with hundreds of items.
Is there a way to reduce the number of item configurations to consider?
Sign Up
By subscribing you accept KDnuggets Privacy Policy


text:
Soft Set Theoretic Approach for Dimensionality Reduction
A reduct is a subset of attributes that are jointly sufficient and individually necessary for preserving a particular property of a given information system. The existing reduct approaches under soft set theory are still based on Boolean-valued information system. However, in the real applications, the data usually contain non-Boolean values. In this paper, an alternative approach for attribute reduction in multi-valued information system under soft set theory is presented. Based on the notion of multi-soft sets and AND operation, attribute reduction can be defined. It is shown that the reducts obtained are equivalent with Pawlak's rough reduction.


text:
When characterizing materials such as Metals and Plastics in LS-DYNA, most constitutive models provide a yield criteria that accounts for a 3D state of stress which reduces to a uniaxial yield stress in 1D. This allows us to directly input the true stress-strain curve from a one-dimensional state of stress testing such as in uniaxial testing which then can be used for any 3D problems. One important consideration in the usage of such one-dimensional testing data is the phenomenon called necking which occurs in both Metals and Plastics. It is well known that post-necking stress state is no longer uni-axial but is a 3D state of stress. This limits us to use uniaxial information only upto necking and use some sort of iterative process to characterize the post-necking behavior. The first task therefore is to identify the necking point on a uni-axial true stress-strain curve. This is done by plotting the true stress-strain curve against its derivative. The intersection point of these curves is the necking point. When this curve overlay is done using the raw test data, which is sampled at a high frequency, the derivative may be extremely noisy and this may provide multiple intersection points. A sample of such noisy overlay is shown here:
To overcome this, it is usually recommended to digitize the raw curve using anywhere from 10-100 equi-distant points which provides a very smooth derivative of the true-stress-strain curve ensuring a unique point of intersection (necking point). A digitized curve using the raw test data is shown here.


Category:Kamarupa Kingdom
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to: navigation, search
Kamarupa, also called Pragjyotisha, was the first historical kingdom in Assam that existed between the 4th to the 12th century CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present-day Guwahati and Tezpur, it covered the entire Brahmaputra river valley and, at times, North Bengal and parts of Bangladesh. Though the historical kingdom disappeared by 12th century to be replaced by smaller political entities, the notion of Kamarupa persisted and ancient and medieval chroniclers continued to call this region by this name. Coins of en:Alauddin Hussain Shah called the region Kamru or Kamrud.
Media in category "Kamarupa Kingdom"


text:
To export a mailbox into PST in Exchange 2013, there is a set of EMS cmdlet called MailboxExportRequest. When request for a mailbox export to PST is initiated, it is processed by the Mailbox Replication Server that resides on CAS. The best part is while the migration takes place, the users will be able to access the mailbox except for the time when the mailbox is locked at the end of migration. Let's talk about Exchange Server mailbox recovery and reasons to move them into PST.
Common Reasons to Move Mailbox to PST
- For Compliance Purpose: At times, there can be requirement to move an Exchange mailbox to Outlook PST for legal discovery proceedings. The data can be migrated to PST file which can be imported into the mailbox involved in compliance activity.
- Creating Point-In Time Snapshot: If mailboxes are saved as PST for a specific point in time, there would be relaxation to maintain a backup of entire database.
- Create an Archive of the Mailbox: Along with the advantage of archiving the mailbox locally, the idea of exporting mailbox into PST can also help to move the mailbox to different database or server.
Advantage of Using the Export Request:
Against different methods to export Exchange mailbox to PST 2013, it is recommended to opt for the PowerShell cmdlets because of following reasons:
- There is a PST provider integrated with Exchange 2013 that enables reading and writing PST files.
- At a time there is provision to export multiple mailboxes into PST file and access the mailboxes simultaneously.
- The PST file can be saved on shared network from where it can be accessed by the Exchange Server.
- The PST files created by export process is Unicode formatted that is supported by Outlook 2007, 2010, and 2013.
Things to Remember:
- It is important that a PST file is created on shared network where the mailbox data will be exported. In addition to this, the Exchange Trusted Subsystem Group must have the read and write permissions. This will ensure that the group is able to access the PST file on network share. In absence of this right, an error message will be received on screen stating inappropriate rights to connect to target mailbox.
- It is recommended to export a mailbox that is less than 50 GB in size. Reason being the maximum PST file limit that Outlook supports in 50 GB. If a mailbox is large in size, then individual PST files can be created for every folder in the mailbox by using the content filter.
- The Export Request cmdlets can only be used to mailboxes and not for the public folders. Also, the data migration process is executed by MRS which might take time, depending upon factors like the bandwidth, size of file, or MRS throttling.
Alternate Technique to Export Mailbox to PST:
The PowerShell command discussed above will work on live Exchange environment. In scenarios where there is need to export mailboxes to PST where database is dismounted, surely a third party EDB to PST converter should be adopted.


text:
Apple IPM Home
Apple Scouting Manual
IPM Final Reports
INSECT AND MITE PESTS
San Jose Scale
There are two main problems with control of this insect: 1) the insect is very small and so goes unnoticed until large populations have built up; and 2) the insect spends much of its life cycle under a protective cover or scale. Therefore, TIMING of insecticide applications becomes of paramount importance.
San Jose Scale
The adults are very small and the female does not fly. Males will emerge about mid-May and seek out females. Mating occurs and then, about early to mid June, live young (called crawlers) are born. These tiny yellow insects move over the tree in a seemingly random pattern until they locate a suitable site. Once located, the crawler sticks its mouthparts into the tree and secretes a waxy shell over its body. From this point on, female scales will not move. Males will remain in one location until maturity at which time, they will seek out females and begin the cycle again.
SCOUT: Scale, if sampled, will be monitored by 2 methods (1) adult traps will be monitored for about two months in early spring. (2) Known scale infestations will be watched for appearance of the crawler stage. Crawlers can be easily detected by wrapping a small amount of black electrical tape with the sticky side out around a branch. Report the date crawlers are first seen.
ACTION THRESHOLD: Any scale calls for an application during crawler movement. See appendices for pheromone trapping and degree day modeling information.
Apple IPM web site created by Kerry Kirk - 2001 - Maintained by Pat Dillon


text:
Wildlife Research at the Ames Plantation
Ames Plantation is home to a wide array of wildlife, including species that are not usually found in western Tennessee. For example, eagles have been seen here. Rare species such as the painted bunting and Bachman Sparrow also have been seen at Ames. These animals require special habitats to support them. These habitats are often found in places associated with areas maintained to support quail populations or places where intense forest practices have been conducted.
On the other hand, game animals abound. Deer and turkey are abundant. Squirrels are numerous. And, of course, as home to the Nation Championship Field Trials, quail habitat is intensively managed to support excellent quail populations.
Research has been conducted on many wildlife species, including studies on mice, hawks, beaver, coyotes and deer, just to name a few. Wildlife research often requires that students be at Ames for weeks, and sometimes, months at a time. Students from the University of Tennessee, University of Memphis and Mississippi State University conduct research at Ames. Scholars from around the world come to see what is happening here.
A hunting program to manage big game animals is in place at Ames. Hunters have the opportunity to hunt deer, turkey and squirrel. Duck habitats and blinds are under construction.
Ames Plantation's wildlife provides unique opportunities to observe, hunt or conduct research. Ames is place where wildlife can thrive.


text:
The Archaeological Society of Delaware (ASD) is a Non-Profit 501c3 Organization, founded in 1933 by avocational and professional archaeologists to study and appreciate the archaeological heritage of Delaware and the surrounding region.
Our mission is to:
- Educate our members and the public about archaeology.
- Support professional archaeological investigations in Delaware and the surrounding region.
- Report on activity within Delaware and the surrounding region.
- Promote interest and participation in archaeology and related activities.


What Do You Call Useless Information?
Whats the opposite of busy?
What is the opposite of busy?lazyslackunambitiouswork-shyfaineantfainéantprocrastinativeidleinactiveunoccupied48 more rows.
How do you describe a useless person?
fruitless, worthless, stupid, impractical, inoperative, ineffectual, unworkable, meaningless, idle, ineffective, futile, unproductive, pointless, incompetent, hopeless, counterproductive, no good, abortive, bootless, disadvantageous.
What is a sentence for worthless?
Examples of worthless in a Sentence The boots may be nice, but they're worthless if they don't fit you. She's depressed and believes that she's worthless.
What is another word for giving information?
What is another word for give information?clueinformacquaintadviseapprisenotifyposttellindicateintimate105 more rows
What is it called when someone makes you feel worthless?
What is another word for no longer needed?
What is another word for not needed?additionalunnecessaryunrequiredincidentaldispensableexpendableextraneousgratuitousinessentialneedless74 more rows
What is the word for unnecessary?
worthless, needless, superfluous, gratuitous, redundant, useless, avoidable, unneeded, irrelevant, futile, accidental, additional, beside the point, casual, chance, dispensable, excess, exorbitant, expendable, extraneous.
What type of word is worthless?
What is the full meaning of information?
What is it called when someone tells you to do something?
instruct. verb. formal to tell someone to do something, especially officially or as their employer.
What are fluff words?
Fluff definition can be summarised as unnecessary details in a text that are not useful to your audience. Examples of fluff words and phrases include flowery text, the writer's opinion or extra information that prevents the article from coming to the point.
What is the opposite of useless?
Antonyms: useful, recyclable, utilizable, reusable, utile, utilitarian, useable, serviceable, usable, reclaimable, multipurpose.
How do you inform someone about something?
1to tell someone about something, especially in an official way inform somebody (of/about something) Please inform us of any changes of address.The leaflet informs customers about healthy eating.He went to inform them of his decision.Inform me at once if there are any changes in her condition.More items…
What is the opposite of cry?
Antonym of Cry Word. Antonym. Cry. Laugh. Get definition and list of more Antonym and Synonym in English Grammar.
Is unuseful a real word?
Unuseful definitions. Not useful; useless.
What is the root word of unnecessary?
unnecessary (adj.) 1540s, from un- (1) "not" + necessary (adj.). Related: Unnecessarily.
What is another name for useless?
What is another word for useless?ineffectualimpracticalfutilehopelessineffectivepointlessinefficaciousunproductiveworthlessinutile223 more rows


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up clearing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Clearing may refer to:
- Clearing (forest), a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area
- Clearing (finance), the process of settling a transaction after committing to it
- Clearing, Chicago, a community area in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- Clearing (telecommunications), the disconnecting of a call
- Clearing (album), an album by Fred Frith
- The Clearing, a 2004 drama film
- Deforestation, the clearing away of trees to make farmland
- Market clearing, the matching of supply and demand via price movement
- Yarn clearing, in textile industry
- Clearing, a practice in Scientology.
- Clearing, a process used by the UK's Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) to enable unplaced students to apply for courses with vacancies directly to the university.
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Clearing.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


text:
Event Phases organize activities and modules to add workflow to your events. Each event is made up of a series of phases that guide end users through their recap completion.
This article will walk you through how to submit event phases.
- Submitting event phases
Submitting Event Phases
Each event phase is made up of a series of activities and/or modules. In order to submit your event phase for approval, you must complete all required items.
For example, the image below shows a phase that is not yet ready to submit. The Submit button is light red and the progress indicator is 0% complete. We can also see that several activities are required. These activities much be complete in order to submit the phase.
How to Submit a Phase
1. Complete all required activities. See How to Submit an Activity.
2. Complete all required modules. The Media Gallery and expenses are examples of modules.
3. Once all required information has been captured, the red Submit will turn deep red. Click the button to submit your phase.


text:
Science subject and location tags
Articles, documents and multimedia from ABC Science
Wednesday, 15 June 2011
Australian Aboriginal accounts of lunar and solar eclipses indicate many traditional communities understood the movement of the Sun, Earth and Moon.
Monday, 6 December 2010
New research puts paid to the belief that Aboriginal people used fire on a large scale to control vegetation across Australia.
Monday, 7 July 2008
Indigenous Australian body art, such as tattoos and intentional scarring may help to unravel mysteries about where certain groups traveled in the past, what their values and rituals were, and how they related to other cultures, according to an Australian researcher.


completeness theorem for propositional logic
The completeness theorem of propositional logicPlanetmathPlanetmath is the statement that a wff is tautologyMathworldPlanetmath iff it is a theorem. The if part of the statement is the soundness theorem, and the only if part is the completeness theorem. We will prove the two parts separately here. We begin with the easier one:
Theorem 1.
Propositional logic is sound with respect to truth-value semantics.
Basically, we need to show that every axiom is a tautology, and that the inference rule modus ponensMathworldPlanetmath preserves truth. Since theorems are deduced from axioms and by applications of modus ponens, they are tautologies as a result.
Using truth tablesMathworldPlanetmath, one easily verifies that every axiom is true (under any valuation). For example, if the axiom is of the form A(BA), then we have
Before proving the completeness portion of the theorem, we need the following
Theorem 2.
Propositional logic is completePlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath with respect to truth-value semantics.
Title completeness theorem for propositional logicPlanetmathPlanetmath
Canonical name CompletenessTheoremForPropositionalLogic
Date of creation 2013-03-22 19:32:44
Last modified on 2013-03-22 19:32:44
Owner CWoo (3771)
Last modified by CWoo (3771)
Numerical id 4
Author CWoo (3771)
Entry type Theorem
Classification msc 03B05


text:
What is the aim of the review?
Re-introductions are considered by some conservation practitioners to be a controversial management option for mitigating threatened plant declines. The use of translocations (including re-introductions) has been criticised for the lack of monitoring and central recording, inappropriateness of the action due to genetic considerations, a lack of knowledge of the demography of the donor populations and inadequate information on the habitat requirements of the species. Despite these arguably justified criticisms, re-introductions are growing in use as practitioners see no other option for meeting management plan targets. Re-introductions have been proposed as options for overcoming habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and reproductive isolation. An extension of this increasingly interventionist approach, often termed assisted colonisation, is being considered as a potential method for preventing extinctions due to climatic shifts too rapid to allow corresponding species' distribution changes.
This review evaluates the effectiveness of re-introductions as a conservation tool by using the available evidence to determine in what context plant translocations have improved the status of threatened species.


text:
Composite Piezoelectric Transducer
Application ID: 503
This example shows how to set up a piezoelectric transducer problem following the work of Y. Kagawa and T. Yamabuchi.
The composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer has a cylindrical geometry that consists of a piezoceramic layer, two aluminum layers, and two adhesive layers. The system applies an AC potential on the electrode surfaces of both sides of the piezoceramic layer.
The goal is to compute the admittance for a frequency range around the four lowest eigenfrequencies of the structure.
This is a benchmark model for ultrasonic transducer simulation but also a good starting point for simulations of SAW and BAW filters.
This model is included as an example in the following products:MEMS Module
however additional products may be needed to reproduce it. This example may be created and run using components from the following product combinations:
- COMSOL Multiphysics® and
- either the Acoustics Module, MEMS Module, or Structural Mechanics Module and
- either the AC/DC Module, MEMS Module, Plasma Module, or Semiconductor Module
The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Particular functionality may be common to several products. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this.


text:
Teachable Moment Study
St. Mary's Home conducted research and produced a report called "The Teachable Moment" that documented the issues of addiction and substance use among pregnant teens in all maternity homes across Ontario in 1990.
This research highlighted the significance of substance use and misuse and paved the way for development of programs to support pregnant youth in having a substance-free pregnancy, greatly improving the health of the infant.
Today much more is known about the devastating effects of alcohol on the unborn child and about Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) as a completely preventable tragedy. Programs and services available the Teen Parent/Child Outreach Centre are directed at reducing the incidence of FASD among the children of teen parents.
"The Spiral of Growth" a sequel study completed in 1994, provided guidance to revising the residential program, aimed at supporting clients in decision-making for healthy lifestyle changes.


text: An ecosystem, productivity, ocean, climate (EPOC) model has been developed in the R statistical language to help explore topical issues on Antarctic marine ecosystems, including impacts of climate change, consequences of over-exploitation, conservation requirements of recovery and interacting species, and the need to evaluate whether harvest strategies are ecologically sustainable. As such, it can be used to facilitate the development of plausible ecosystem models for evaluating management procedures for krill following the recommendations of the workshop held by WG-EMM in 2004. EPOC has been designed as an object-oriented framework currently built around the following modules: (i) Biota, (ii) Environment, (iii) Human activities, (iv) Management, (v) Outputs, and (vi) Presentation, statistics and visualisation. Each element within a module is an object carrying all its own functions and data. EPOC is designed to be a fully flexible plug-and-play modelling framework. This is because of the need to easily explore the consequences of uncertainty in model structures but, more importantly, to enable ecosystem modelling to proceed despite widely varying knowledge on different parts of the ecosystem and avoiding the need to guess model parameters for which no information exists. EPOC provides these opportunities as well as examining the sensitivity of outcomes to changes in model structures, not only in the magnitude of parameters but in the spatial, temporal and functional structure of the system. A case study for Antarctic krill is presented as an example.


text:
Welcome to the Classwork Problems Web Page!
Classwork Problems are PDF files which present a problem along with the answer and solution. Since the problems are PDF files, you will need a PDF viewer installed on your machine in order to actually view the files on your screen or to display them on the video projector. Generally printing is also best done from inside a PDF viewer.
We also have a small number of PowerPoint slides available for use. These will require you to have a PowerPoint viewer of some sort available on your machine.
For further instructions on editing and using the Classwork Problems, see the Instructions page.
Otherwise select the problem category from the list below:
Once inside the appropriate category, you will find two links: projector and transparencies.
Projector files are for use with a video projector in multi-media classrooms. They are formatted into two pages, with the question on the first page, and the answer/solution on the second page. This is so that you can project the questions and answers on the screen independently.
Transparencies are for use with a standard overhead projector (print the transparencies first). They are formatted as a single (divided) page, so you can cover the bottom answer/solution section until needed (and then reveal it).
Once you select one of the two formats, you will be shown a list of all the Classwork problem files for that category. Simply click on the desired file name to display that problem.


Why 1.5 million customers use Tally?
Why 1.5 million customers use Tally?
Digital & Technology
Vaibhav Sarse
Vaibhav Sarse
25 Jun 2019, 11:52 — 5 min read
Summary: An accounting software merges together all systems and applications used for managing and processing financial data. Tally, which is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, has gained a lot of popularity over a period of time due to its ability to simplify calculations. Vaibhav Sarse in his previous article shared a comprehensive checklist of 10 things you need to keep in mind for the smooth functioning of Tally. In this article he shares the benefits of Tally and why nearly 1.5 million people love using it.
What is the first brand that comes to your mind when you think of an accounting software? I'm sure most of you will answer Tally. Tally has indeed won millions of hearts by its power of simplicity. Knowing how the software works is considered a desirable skill for all accountants.
Even though the list of reasons why so many customers use Tally is unending, here are some reasons why Tally is used worldwide.
Any person who understands business transactions can easily use Tally. The simplicity of the software encourages more and more businesses to invest in the software as it eliminates time and cost wasted on training Tally users in that company.
Cost effective
Tally is a business management software that can be used in multiple departments for multiple functions. For example, the software helps in Payroll management, Inventory management, etc.
Also read: Tally Server 9 is made with you in mind
GST compliant
It is a known fact that a timely filing of GST returns is important and if not done on time, the business will be liable to penalties under the GST Act. Tally.ERP 9 is completely GST compliant and hence all changes made in the act are made in the software.
Multiple features
Tally has multiple features that can be used not only in the accounts department but also in the other departments such as HR, operations, etc. Some features include e-way bill management, GST return filing, TDS calculation, budget management, purchase and sales management, etc.
Quick accessibility
Tally has a unique UI/UX design that helps users navigate quickly due to its keyboard shortcuts. The software does not require the user to operate a mouse in order to move across various screens. This feature of the software makes it unique and increases the speed of accessing data in the software.
Multiple license users
The software comes in two variations. A single user license i.e the Silver version and the Gold version which is a multi-user. Both these versions are the same feature-wise but as the name suggests, a Silver Tally license can only be used by a single user on a single system at a time. Whereas, a Gold license can be used on multiple computers by multiple users simultaneously.
Also read: Error 404: Mistakes you hadn't found
Perpetual license
Tally.ERP 9 is a perpetual license which means after purchasing of the license the software can be used for an indefinite period of time. Most software today in the market has a yearly fee which has to be paid in order to continue using the software. Thus once purchased you have to keep paying a fee until you stop using the software.
After sales service
In the software industry, the after sales service is more important than the service provided while purchasing. Tally solutions have a toll free number through which it provides free support to its customers. Thus the customers using Tally, do not have to worry about the after sales support as it will be provided by Tally solutions itself.
Training not required
Over the time, the importance of knowing Tally has increased to such a level that now any person aspiring to work in the accounts department has either already used or knows how Tally works. This saves the cost on training which can be utilised elsewhere.
There are many other reasons that have led to more than 1.5 million customers using Tally. The competition in the accounting software industry has been growing recently but still, the market space occupied by Tally solutions cannot be replaced by any new competitor.
Also read: Phygital: The convergence of physical and digital experience
Comments (1)
Posted by
Vaibhav Sarse
A marketing person who brainstorms creative ideas, develop & implements strategies to build a lasting digital connection with business with an aim to create awareness...
Already a member?
Log in
Already a member?
Log in
Other articles written by Vaibhav Sarse


text:
15 Theses on Power
Article (Published version)
MetadataShow full item record
This article seeks to contribute to a critical understanding of the multifaceted nature of power, emphasizing its capacity to shape the development of society by permeating constitutive aspects of human reality. To this end, the article proposes an outline of a multidimensional approach to power. It does so by identifying and examining several – arguably universal – features and functions of power. On the basis of 15 theses, it is argued that, within the social world, the power of power derives from the fact that it is (1) ubiquitous, (2) productive, (3) relational, (4) intangible, (5) habitual, (6) discursive, (7) corporeal, (8) polycentric, (9) performative, (10) normative, (11) spatial, (12) temporal, (13) disciplinary, (14) circular, and (15) transcendental. By way of conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive summary of the main insights gained and challenges arising from such a multidimensional approach to power.
Keywords:ability / agency / capability / sposobnost / kompleksnost
Source:Filozofija i društvo, 2014, 7-28
- Beograd : Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju


text:
Hand-Phalanx Fracture-Dislocation (PIP Joint)
In case of fracture dislocation of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), the indication for surgery is a non-concentric PIP joint. If a concentric reduction can be achieved (flexing the joint), a dorsal block splint in flexion for several weeks can be advised. External fixation devices are available to maintain reduction whilst allowing early motion. If over 40–50% of the joint surface is involved, open surgery is mandatory to restore the joint congruity. We will present the ORIF technique for recent fracture and joint dislocation.
- 2.De Haseth KB, Ring D. Management of finger fractures. In: Bhandari M, editor. Evidence-based orthopedics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 987–92.Google Scholar


6 Reasons Why SeaWorld Should Keep its Orcas
Home S&S Opinion 6 Reasons Why SeaWorld Should Keep its Orcas
6 Reasons Why SeaWorld Should Keep its Orcas
Due to the controversy over animal treatment, SeaWorld has scaled back on its marine mammal shows and breeding. (George Skene/Orlando Sentinel/TNS)
Staff Writer
Lately, there has been much controversy over SeaWorld's – among other amusement parks and attractions – use of animals for recreational purposes. Here are some reasons SeaWorld should keep its orcas:
1. SeaWorld cannot operate without killer whales.
Former SeaWorld Research Director John Hall said in the 1997 documentary "Whale of a Business" that an estimated seventy percent of SeaWorld's profits were due to the presence of orcas. In comparison, the documentary "Blackfish," which harshly criticized SeaWorld's practices, caused revenue to fall by six percent. The drop in revenue then caused SeaWorld's stock value to fall 33 percent.
2. The orcas are not a significant danger to humans.
In the fifty years that SeaWorld has existed, only three people have been killed by the business's killer whales, according to the Orca Project. Two of the deaths were of SeaWorld trainers. Their deaths were accidents that are unlikely to happen again due to SeaWorld's recent changes in safety procedures. The other death, of a visitor, was entirely the fault of the individual. He snuck into an orca's tank after the park was closed.
3. SeaWorld does not have a significant impact on the wild orca population.
SeaWorld has twenty-four orcas in captivity, and all its orcas were bred from the few orcas it captured decades ago. The twenty-four orcas that it has are insignificant compared to the 50,000 killer whales worldwide. Many of SeaWorld's orcas suffer due to inbreeding and damage from living in captivity and probably would not survive anyway if released into the wild. The orca population's main threats are pollution, habitat disturbance and oil spills. None of these main threats exist in SeaWorld.
4. SeaWorld's treatment of orcas is far better than factory farms' treatment of animals used in the meat industry.
Both SeaWorld and factory farms treat animals poorly. However, while a pig raised and slaughtered in a factory farm might feed a family of four, the orcas raised in SeaWorld are helping feed tens of thousands of employees by the revenue they help generate.
5. SeaWorld is improving the treatment of orcas around the world.
Scientists at SeaWorld have released studies on the orcas that SeaWorld has in captivity. In addition, according to its website, SeaWorld has raised awareness of many issues that orcas face and has donated millions to research, rescue and conservation efforts for all marine life.
6. Orcas are animals.
Their treatment, much like that of the animals humans use for food, is irrelevant in the grand scheme of things.
Leave a Reply to Gazlez Cancel reply
%d bloggers like this:


text:
By Bill Holloway
A new study in the Journal of Transport and Land Use documents changes in residential property values for homes located within one mile of Charlotte, North Carolina's, new light rail line – formerly a freight rail facility. The study analyzed home values over a period of 11 years divided into four time periods: 1) prior to any concrete plans for a light rail system (_PHONE_), 2) during the planning phase (_PHONE_), 3) during the construction phase (2005-2007), and 4) since the system has been operational (2007-2008).
The 9.6-mile light rail line analyzed in the study is Charlotte's first light rail facility, making it an ideal case study for the property value impacts of rail transit service in new markets. Although many studies have documented the relationship between a home's value and its proximity to well-developed rail transit systems, the relationship between property values and proximity to semi-developed systems is less certain.
The results indicate that the price discrepancy that existed during the first time period between homes less than a quarter mile from the line, which were somewhat lower, and those between one quarter and one mile from the line – likely due to the presence of industrial land uses along the rail line – narrowed considerably over the 11-year period. At the same time, home prices in both areas trended upward throughout the study period. While there are a number of potential explanations, the authors cite improved transit accessibility, an improved image of the area following the construction of the light rail system, or an increasing number of multifamily and commercial properties in the vicinity of the light rail stations as potential causes of the increasing property values near the new light rail line.
Although more research is needed on how transportation investments affect property values, this study represents an important step in quantifying these effects in lower-density communities that do not have well-developed transit networks.
For additional information on the economic impacts of transportation investments, see SSTI's report Economic Effects of Public Investment in Transportation and Directions for the Future.
Bill Holloway is a Transportation Policy Analyst at SSTI.


text:
Wednesday, 22 June 2011
Water Solar Ball
While you might mistake designer Jonathan Liow's Solarball for a familiar hamster's toy, it's actually a really cool new product for humans that purifies water using the sun. The Monash University graduate's project is specifically geared towards aiding residents of underdeveloped areas with no clean drinking water, particularly small villages in Africa.
A trip to Cambodia spurred Liow's desire to design a simple product that could help others, and that's how the Solarball was born. Each ball can yield just over three quarts of clean drinking water each day if placed in the direct sun. Inside the ball, the dirty water evaporates away, separating the dirt and contaminants out. The resulting condensation is clean and drinkable. The small size is easy to carry, as well as affordable.
The design does pose a few problems. The size, although convenient and extremely portable, does not generate enough water for one person, let alone a village. Another factor is that the Solarball would need to be made of a durable plastic that can withstand constant exposure to the hot sun, and not become weakened easily. Although a great invention, it is not yet suitable to solve the water problem of an entire village.
A finalist in the 2011 Australian Design Award-James Dyson Award, the Solarball prototype will be on display at the Milan International Design Fair.


text:
kind of treatment.
Evaluation of Aversion therapy.
Aversion therapy is used for some individuals who have serious behavioural problems.
-It can be extremely unpleasant for the person who has the treatment. -Ethical issues: balanced against the possible benefits to the person.
It is not always sucessful overtime. People find that it reduces it for a period, unless they have additional support, they are likely to go back to their addictive behaviour once the treatment stops.
Token Economy programmes.
There are many things that can act as rewards or positive reinforcers.
Primary Reinforcer: a reward, such as Food and Water - ESSENTIAL.
Secondary Reinforcer: a reward such as Money or a token - something that someone can exchange for a primary reinforcer.
Evaluation of token economy programmes
-improvements in the behaviour and self care of patients who have been in hospital for a long time.
-criticised: patients focus on the rewards rather than wanting there own behaviour to improve, change may not last in the outside world.
-if the reward is not immediate then the association between the reward and action is lost, which means that the behaviour is not being reinforced.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why does strobe lighting trigger seizures in photosensitive epilepsy?
share|improve this question
Pulsating visual stimuli can cause steady state visually evoked potentials, that is, brain oscillations with a frequency matching the visual stimulation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_visually_evoked_potential. I would guess that these evoked oscillations are the cause for the seizure. – H.Muster Sep 16 '13 at 6:02
_USER_.Muster: I think you are right. I think that epilepsy can be described as strong coupling of oscillations across large portions of the brain, and these may be triggered by oscillatory stimuli. – Ana Sep 16 '13 at 10:11
add comment
Your Answer


Begin3 Title: cdbfile Version: 1.0b Entered-date: 25MAR97 Description: CDBFile is a C++ object-oriented package for programmers who need to manipulate dBASE III files in their programs. It enables you to perform many operations on an existing DBF file: reading/writing to it, accessing its values, sorting the records, adding/deleting records, etc. It comes with full text and postscript documentation, and commented source code. A demonstration program, testdbf, shows the various possibilities of the CDBFile library, and its source file, testdbf.cpp, demonstrates how to implement CDBFile within a program. CDBFile was designed to be as portable as possible. Keywords: database, dBASE, library, C++, dbf Author: Herve Gourmelon Maintained-by: Herve Gourmelon Primary-site: /pub/Linux/devel/db 41k cdbfile.tar.gz Alternate-site: /pub/Linux/devel/db 41k cdbfile.tar.gz Copying-policy: GPL (for testdbf; Library-GPL for cdbfile.cpp and cdbfile.h) End


text:
Danish Refugee Council (DRC) is a Danish international non-governmental organisation, which promotes and supports durable solutions to the problems faced by refugees and internally displaced people all over the world. DRC is present in more than 30 conflict territories around the world assisting displaced people with shelter, food, income generating activities, and wide range of other assistance. It is of utmost importance for DRC to work in compliance with the DRC Accountability and Quality Management system and national legislations. Smooth, reliable and effective operational systems are preconditions for DRC to maintain its position as a trustworthy and reliable partner for our donors and an accountable organisation towards our beneficiaries.
We are recruiting to fill the position below:
Job Title: Protection Assistant
Location: Mubi, Adamawa
Contract type: National contract
- The Protection Assistant, under the supervision of the Protection Team Leader is responsible for the day to day implementation of the various protection activities in the field locations under his/her responsibility
- This includes conduct Protection Monitoring, referrals and follow up of referrals, (including establishing referral pathways), identification of IPA beneficiaries and follow up of cases, psychosocial support activities, monitor the protection incentive workers' work and manage them on a daily basis.
- The Protection Assistant will also be responsible for supporting needs and programmatic assessments, supporting the preparation of activity and protection reports and analysis (information collection, community consultations etc.), identifying and communicating protection concerns in his/her locations, identifying and communicating programmatic needs in targeted locations, supporting the protection Officer in providing capacity building to key stakeholders, and in collecting and managing project data ensuring the highest standards of data and information protection and confidentiality.
- Ensure the organization and the implementation of all protection activities at field level in accordance with the agreed workplan (under the supervision of the Protection Team Leader and Manager) and the international standards
- Ensure the management of the field protection incentive workers (team and work management)
- Prepare necessary activity and protection reports (weekly, monthly, ad hoc)
- Participate in conducting needs and programmatic assessments in targeted locations
- Conduct community meetings, FGDs and other direct community activities as part of protection monitoring.
- Document all protection activities on Kobo.
- Carry out any delegated activities as assigned by DRC management at the field level including supervision of field bases.
- Manage DRC protection assets assigned to the field of operation.
- Liaise with security officers in DRC to keep up to date on security situation of the field base at all times.
- Support protection coordinator, manager with itinerary planning for field visits including donor visits.
- Provide detailed updates of activities within your designated field site.
- Identify and intervene on protection cases in the camps and host communities with technical support from their line manager.
- Refer protection cases to partner agencies and seek solicit services for them.
- Ensure all protection activities and cases re individually documented, filed and up to date in Kobo.
- Engage with communities directly and create awareness on human rights, child protection, SGBV and other protection related topics
- Train community members, partner staff and other local authorities on protection topics
- Identify protection trends and bring this to the attention of the line manager for action planning
- Carry out advocacy and sensitization activities at the field level
- Represent DRC protection in all partner discussions at the field level
- Participate and actively recruit casual social workers are needed.
- Diploma or B.A./B.Sc. in relevant field (Sociology, Social Work, Psychology, Education, Counselling, Human Rights, Development Studies, etc.)
- Language skills – Hausa, English.
- More than 6 months of work experience in a humanitarian organization / with displacement affected populations or significant experience as a DRC Protection social or outreach worker
- Knowledge of protection norms, principles, and activities
- Excellent communication skills (oral and writing)
- Ability and willingness to maintain regular presence at project sites (remote / field sites) and to work during irregular working hours and in insecure environments
- Strong interpersonal, communication, and negotiation skills – self-motivated individuals, able to take initiative and propose solutions, resilient, positive, and able to work independently.
- Must have basic level computer skills.
- Professional fluency in English and Hausa
- Knowledge of the protection activities
- Knowledge of North East Nigeria States languages including Margi added advantage.
- Availability: ASAP
- Salary and conditions: In accordance with Danish Refugee Council's Terms of Employment;
- The income will be subject to statutory deductions as per applicable Nigeria laws. The employee is responsible for the tax returns.
How to Apply
Interested and qualified candidates should:
Click here to apply
- CV and Cover Letter indicating and explaining the suitability to the position applied.
- Provide contact details (name, position, email address and tel. no.) of 3 professional non-related references, whereas 1 must be for the latest employer. Please do not attach any written recommendations.
- Applications should be addressed to: "Protection Coordinator".
- The position is for Nigerian Nationals Only
- Only motivated applications that address the stipulated duties and meet the required qualifications, sent together with a CV, will be considered. CV-only applications will not be considered.
- Applications sent/received after the deadline will not be considered.
- Only short-listed applicants will be invited for written test and oral interview
Application Deadline 15th September, 2019.


text:
In the mid 1800s, philanthropic upper-middle-class ladies were managing the day to day operations of day nurseries. These nurseries provided temporary shelter during the day for the children of mothers who had to find work to support their families. Working fathers boarded their children in cases where the mother had died or was too sick to care for her children. However, illegitimate children were often refused entry.
The nurseries charged modest fees of about ten cents per child per day. Although the fees did not cover costs, they did help with finances. The parents maintained some dignity by paying for the service.
Toronto East End Day Nursery and Settlement
The Nursery was established by members of the Quaker Mission in 1892 and was operated by a board of women directors. For a small fee, the Nursery provided day care and helped mothers find work in domestic and laundry services.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How can I taken into account the rectangular shape of the screen to ensure that circles are drawn exactly to the padded boundary?
The following works for a 'round' area, but not a rectangular one...
dx = abs(center.x - place.x);
dy = abs(center.y - place.y);
dh = Math.sqrt((dx * dx) + (dy * dy));
radius = dh - padding;
Halo Design: Halo idea
If the problem doesn't seem apparent, the following image represents the current approach which i'm using. Depending on where the place is effects how far it protrudes into the screen space. enter image description here
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
I think this should work. Not tested.
dx = abs(placeLocationPixels.x - ourLocationPixels.x)
dy = abs(placeLocationPixels.y - ourLocationPixels.y)
ox = dx - ((screenSize.x / 2) - padding);
oy = dy - ((screenSize.y / 2) - padding);
if (ox < 0) ox = 0;
if (oy < 0) oy = 0;
radius = sqrt((ox*ox) + (oy*oy));
edit: this is not in any particular language.
share|improve this answer
I was about to answer, then saw this guy. Super speedy over here. Looks right to me. – Tony R Mar 2 '12 at 2:04
I'm not sure but maybe you can calculate the convex hull, and then circumscribe it into a rectangle, then you will have the scale of your map to ensure that every circle is shown on the screen.
here: you can find information about the convex hull: _URL_
share|improve this answer
"In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope for a set of points X in a real vector space V (for example, usual 2- or 3-dimensional space) is the minimal convex set containing X. " – Tony R Mar 2 '12 at 2:07
Your Answer


[lammps-users] Tdamp and T-coupling
Hello everyone,
In fix NVT and NPT command, there is a parameter named Tdamp, which is specified intime units and determines how rapidly the temperature is relaxed. We can read a parameter T-coupling in article, for example, Nosé–Hoover coupling constant is set to 5.
I am confused by the two parameter. What is the difference between them, and the relation of them. Could some kind people give me some suggestion?
Thanks in advance.
Tdamp is the coupling constant - i.e. the "mass" of the thermal
piston being coupled to.


text:
Tooth decay prevalent among Alaska native children
Sep 23, 2011, 7:36 a.m.
By Yereth Rosen
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) - Native Alaskan children living in remote villages have rates of tooth decay about four times the national average, a government study showed.
Lack of fluoridated water and an abundance of sugary, carbonated soda pop were the major reasons cited in the research that tracked dental health of children in the mostly Yupik Eskimo region of southwestern Alaska.
Dr. Brad Whistler, Alaska state oral health director and a co-author of the study, said children need major dental work.
"When they smile, you see a lot of silver teeth," he said.
Such severe decay sets up children to have serious dental problems as adults, Whistler said.
One reason for the high level of tooth decay is poor water-system infrastructure in many Alaska Native villages, which prevents the fluoridation of drinking water that has helped lower rates of tooth decay.
In some villages that were part of the study, residents must haul water home from central pumps, he said. Even those places with more sophisticated systems are likely to lack fluoride in drinking water, because few qualified technicians are available to work in such far-flung locations and install the necessary equipment.
The other major problem is the erosion of the traditional Native diet with the introduction of food laden with sugar, Whistler said.
The study, by the federal Centers for Disease Control and the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, analyzed 2008 dental records and habits of 348 children between the ages of four and 15.
(Editing by Alex Dobuzinskis and Cynthia Johnston)


Baghdad Sci.J volume 14, issue 2, P270-_PHONE_ DOI: 10.21123/bsj.14.2.270-278 View full text
Baghdad Science Journal
Abstract: The experiment was carried out to study the effect of variety and gibberellic acid in concentration (0 and 50) and BL in five concentration (0, 0.50,1,2 and 3)mg.ltr-1 and their interaction in some chemical Characteristics and total chlorophyll for Dill plant. the experiment designed according Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and three replicates per treatment, compared to the average using less significant difference at the level of probability (0.05), the results showed the following:- The…
expand abstract


A safe energy
Natural gas is one of the safest sources of energy there is. In Québec, nearly 200,000 customers, including a high percentage of schools, hospitals, businesses and large companies, use it every day.
It's not toxic
Natural gas is a safe energy and it is not toxic. Medical research has shown that people can breathe air with a natural gas concentration as high as 25% without any harmful effect on their health. It is the lack of oxygen in the air and not natural gas that might cause illness.
It's easy to detect
In its natural state, natural gas is odourless. Its signature smell comes from mercaptan, a substance added to natural gas in order to be able to detect it. Thanks to mercaptan, natural gas can be detected in the air at concentrations of as little as 0.2%.
It's lighter than air
If natural gas escapes into the air, it simply rises and dissipates into the atmosphere. Open doors and windows to ensure maximum ventilation. It does not accumulate on the ground, unlike propane and gasoline.
It does not ignite easily
Natural gas does ignite easily. For this to happen, a leak must spring in an enclosed space and the gas must mix with oxygen in the air at a concentration of 5-15%. The temperature must also be extremely high for natural gas to ignite -- 538 °Celsius-- or there would have to be a flame or static electrical discharge caused by a socket. We tell our clients of the importance of using a competent contractor, one of Énergir's Authorized Partners, for installing natural gas appliances. The proper installation of natural gas appliances prevents leaks that could cause a natural gas explosion.


text:
Inner and Outer Corners
The next thing we need to take note of it the idea of an "inner corner" and an "outer corner" of a Ferrers diagram, and thus of a partition.
An inner corner of a Ferrers diagram is a cell that, if it's removed, the rest of the diagram is still the Ferrers diagram of a partition. It must be the rightmost cell in its row, and the bottommost cell in its column. Similarly, an outer corner is one that, if it's added to the diagram, the result is still the Ferrers diagram of a partition. This is a little more subtle: it must be just to the right of the end of a row, and just below the bottom of a column.
As an example, consider the partition, with Ferrers diagram
We highlight the inner corners by shrinking them, and mark the outer corners with circles:
That is, there are three ways we could remove a cell and still have the Ferrers diagram of a partition:
And there are four ways that we could add a cell and still have the Ferrers diagram of a partition:
If the first partition is, we write a generic partition that comes from removing a single inner corner by. Similarly, we write a generic partition that comes from adding a single outer corner by. In our case, if, then the three possible partitions are,, and, while the four possible partitions are,,, and.
Now, as a quick use of this concept, think about how to fill a Ferrers diagram to make a standard Young tableau. It should be clear that since is the largest entry in the tableau, it must be in the rightmost cell of its row and the bottommost cell of its column in order for the tableau to be standard. Thus must occur in an inner corner. This means that we can describe any standard tableau by picking which inner corner contains, removing that corner, and filling the rest with a standard tableau with entries. Thus, the number of standard -tableaux is the sum of all the standard -tableaux:


The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference
Front Cover
Oklahoma State University Press, Jan 1, 1975 - Paris Peace Conference - 47 pages
0 Reviews
From inside the book
What people are saying - Write a review
Review: The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference
User Review - Goodreads
There are things that I love that Will Rogers did. This is not one of them. This is a book of his aphorisms about the peace talks. Read full review
Common terms and phrases
About the author (1975)
Born in Oolagah, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), Will Rogers's parents were Clem Vann Rogers and Mary American Schrimsher, who were each one-quarter Cherokee, or true Native Americans. This parentage is quite appropriate because Rogers himself was the embodiment of the real people of America, the "average man." He was the last of the "crackerbox philosophers" to reach a national audience, and his words and reputation as the symbol of the "common man" and of common sense have continued to grow, even though his books and films are seldom read or watched today. He has, as it were, transcended himself to become a folk legend. Rogers's rise from an Oklahoma cowboy to a world-famous humorist and philosopher is in itself a particularly American phenomenon. He began his career performing for Texas Jack's Wild West Show as a trick rider and roper. Later he performed for the Wirth Brothers Circus and then for the Mulhall Wild West Show. Eventually, he joined the Ziegfeld Follies as a regular, where he starred for 11 years. By the 1920s Rogers had become a popular speaker. He had already published two books, The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference (1919) and The Cowboy Philosopher on Prohibition (1919), both of which are collections of miscellaneous writings featuring the humorous social and political commentary that would eventually make him famous. In 1926 he began writing a syndicated column for the Saturday Evening Post, which became extremely popular and continued until his death. During the 1920s he also moved to California and began making films for Hal Roach Studios, in which he played characteristically unassuming roles and made sage and witty remarks. He made his first talking picture, They Had to See Paris, in 1929, which established him as a film star. Among Roger's other published collections of humor are The Illiterate Digest (1924), Letters of a Self-Made Diplomat to His President (1927), and There's Not a Bathing Suit in Russia (1927). An aviation enthusiast, Rogers died in a plane crash at Point Barrow, Alaska, in 1935 while flying with famous aviator Wiley Post. A selection of his writings, titled The Autobiography of Will Rogers (1949), was published posthumously.
Bibliographic information


text:
In Greek every verb is a complete sentence. Its stem is the predicate, its ending the subject.
After Monro, in the sentence [face=SPIonic]e)s-ti[/face], the predicate [face=SPIonic]e)s[/face] means 'is', the subject [face=SPIonic]ti[/face] means 'it' (or 'he','she'). Similarly, in the sentence [face=SPIonic]h)/lqo-men[/face], the predicate [face=SPIonic]h)/lqo[/face] means 'came', the subject [face=SPIonic]men[/face] means 'we'.
He then notes that "..the Endings of a Verb may always be translated by Personal Pronouns..". Obviously, 'there' is not a personal pronoun, but it's not much of a stretch from 'it is' to 'there is'.


text:
The Open qPCR provides data on the fluorescence value, background subtracted value, and baseline subtracted value for each channel of each PCR well. These values are included in the amplification_data.csv file included in your individual experiment exports.
Fluorescence values are raw fluorescence measurements taken by the Open qPCR before taking calibration into account.
Background subtracted values take the calibrated values (post calibration for water, HEX, and FAM) into account to adjust for well-to-well variation. This is dependent on the data generated from the calibration that you perform. The values here have not gone through baseline subtraction.
Baseline subtracted values are the fluorescence values after the software performs baseline alignment of the amplification curves. Baseline refers to the background signal level prior to any significant product amplification. By turning baseline subtraction on, the software takes the baseline portion of each curve and brings it to 0. Baseline subtraction has no impact on Cq for the Cy0 and cpD2 methods.


text:
Following on from the last post on integrating some rmathlib functionality with kdb+, here is a sample walkthrough of how some of the functionality can be used, including some of the R-style wrappers I wrote to emulate some of the most commonly-used R commands in q.
Loading the rmath library
Firstly, load the rmathlib library interface:
Random Number Generation
R provides random number generation facilities for a number of distributions. This is provided using a single underlying uniform generator (R provides many different RNG implementations, but in the case of Rmathlib it uses a Marsaglia-multicarry type generator) and then uses different techniques to generate numbers distributed according to the selected distribution. The standard technique is inversion, where a uniformly distributed number in [0,1] is mapped using the inverse of the probability distribution function to a different distribution. This is explained very nicely in the book "Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation", which is availble in full here: _URL_
In order to make random variate generation consistent and reproducible across R and kdb+, we need to be able to seed the RNG. The default RNG in rmathlib takes two integer seeds. We can set this in an R session as follows:
and the corresponding q command is:
Conversely, getting the current seed value can be done using:
The underlying uniform generator can be accessed using
3.102089 3.854157 3.369014 3.164677 3.998812 3.092924 3.381564 3.991363 3.369..
produces 100 random variates uniformly distributed between [3,4].
Then for example, normal variates can be generated:
-0._PHONE_ -0.334377 -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ 1.633248 -0._PHONE_ -1.199814 0.04405314
This produces identical results in R:
> rnorm(10) -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ _PHONE_ -0._PHONE_ -_PHONE_ 0._PHONE_
Normally-distributed variables with a distribution of \( N(\mu,\sigma) \) can also be generated:
Or we can alternatively scale a standard normal \( X ~ N(0,1) \) using \( Y = \sigma X + \mu \):
q) 'int$ (avg x; dev x)
q) 'int$ (avg y; dev y)
Probability Distribution Functions
As well as random variate generation, rmathlib also provides other functions, e.g. the normal density function:
computes the normal density at 0 for a standard normal distribution. The second and third parameters are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
The normal distribution function is also provided:
computes the distribution value at 0 for a standard normal (with mean and standard deviation parameters).
Finally, the quantile function (the inverse of the distribution function – see the graph below – the quantile value for.99 is mapped onto the distribution function value at that point: 2.32):
We can do a round-trip via
q)'int $ qnorm[ pnorm[3;0;1]-pnorm[-3;0;1]; 0; 1]
Thats it for the distribution functions for now – rmathlib provides lots of different distributions (I have just linked in the normal and uniform functions for now. There are some other functions that I have created that I will cover in a future post.
All code is on github: _URL_
[Check out part 3 of this series]


1.Gas turbine engine RPM 2. condition to maintain same altitude for increase in engine thrust.
Notify me of new responses
1. Why Gas turbine engine RPM generally calculated in terms of
percentages (%)?
2. Is it required to trim the tailplane/elevator of an A/c to maintain
a particular altitude for an increase in forward thrust? (means if an
A/c is flying at,say 10,000 ft, will its altitude alters if we
increase the engine thrust without disturbing any other other flight
-- PN Santhosh, June 2, 2010


John Van Zandt
Stefan Bielinski
Johannes Van Zandt was born in 1767. He was the son of Jacobus and Maria Brooks Van Zandt. He grew up in his father's house on Union Street near the Hudson Street Park. As time passed, he was known as "John" Van Zandt.
He started out as a clerk in James Caldwell's Albany store. He then served a financial apprenticeship in New York City. During the 1790s, he was sent by Caldwell to run a store in Bennington, Vermont. In 1804, joined the Bank of Albany and was named cashier of the bank in 1814. He held that position in the office at 23 State Street until 1838. He was a notary, watch captain, assessor, and alderman for his home Fourth Ward over a long time span!
While in Bennington, he met and married Mehetabel Jones of Williamstown, Massachusetts. Living at 47 Hudson Street, their marriage lasted until her death about 1841.
John Van Zandt died in April 1858 at age ninety-one. His long life is recalled in an obituary printed in an Albany newspaper. His will passed probate in 1859.
the people of colonial Albany Sources: The life of Johannes Van Zandt is CAP biography number 286. This profile is derived chiefly from family and community-based resources. the newspaper obituary reveals that he was an accomplished storyteller as his tales of the Revolution were widely recalled! His Hudson Street houselot is shown on the Oake Map of 1800.
first posted: 8/30/02


text:
This installment of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Disaster Behavioral Health Information Series contains a variety of disaster behavioral health materials designed to directly benefit older adults and their families and caregivers. It is organized into four categories: (1) books, (2) tips and guides, and (3) reports and presentations. View the collection's annotated bibliography, which contains links to each resource; and helpful links, which provide links to organizations, agencies, and other resources that address the issues faced by older adults and their families and caregivers.
Resources address various audiences, including the following:
Tips for Talking With and Helping Children and Youth Cope After a Disaster or Traumatic Event
A Guide for Parents, Teachers and Care-Givers.
Immediate Disaster Response: Hurricane Sandy-Disaster Behavioral Health Information Series (DBHIS)
This installment of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Disaster Behavioral Health Information Series (DBHIS) focuses on first responders and, currently, Hurricane Sandy.


Industry-exclusive Articulated Truck Steering
Fast, accurate cornering decreases cycle times by five percent, increasing productivity while ensuring maximum safety and unsurpassed traction for high speed hauling. Volvo's industry-exclusive steering system allows the body to always monitor the tractor unit so the operator doesn't have to correct for steering adjustments typically found in traditional articulated truck steering system.
Advantages of Volvo Steering
Volvo articulated trucks function with precision throughout the life of the articulated hauler, maximizing production and safe high speed operations. The centering steering value ensures a smooth, steady automotive "feel" to the system. Ultimately, the hydromechanics are easy to steer, even at low engine speeds and in tough off-road conditions.
 - Self-compensating, precision steering
 - Maximizes productivity
 - Outstanding operator control
 - Increased safety at high speeds
Components of Steering
A mechanical feedback rod connects to the hitch at one end, and the steering valve at the other. This centers the steering valve after any steering movement. The steering linkage joins the rack and pinion to ensure the steering angle is proportional to the number of turns of the steering wheel.


Sign up ×
A coworker has been tasked with adding check-in and check-out functionality from within an InfoPath 2010 form. Is this possible?
This is a typical use case:
 1. User is browsing a SharePoint Form Library and wants to edit a form
 2. User forgets to checkout form before opening the form in the browser
 3. User wants to edit form immediate without going back to SP UI to check-out document manually.
 4. User clicks on an 'edit' button we've added to the form which sets all fields to editable. This should also check-out the form from SharePoint.
 5. User goes about editing the document, and clicks submit (another custom button, from what I understand). At this point the form is submitted and should be checked-in to Sharepoint.
Is any of this possible?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
There is an option in List Advanced Settings to require check-out to edit a document. This would solve the problem of the user forgetting. I am not sure you can check-out the document once it is open but it can be done a few ways:
 - sandbox code-behind in the InfoPath form
 - the Lists.ASMX web service
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
So called "cognitive assistants" are flourishing, but how to evaluate the benefit/cost ratio of introducing that technology into aeronautical operations? How far can cognitive assistant help operators such as pilots or mechanics at work? What impact can we expect on human-system performance? Our hypothesis is that cognitive assistants will be useful and accepted if and only if they implement a certain level of cognitive interaction with the human operator. First we question what kind of human cognitive functions can actually be supported to by a digital assistant to increase its performance at work. Then we propose a set of basic principles of cognitive interaction inspired by human sciences, e.g. cognitive philosophy and sciences of language. That definition is agnostic regarding technology. Our intention is to shape the evaluation and the specification of future cognitive assistants from a user perspective. Our purpose in this summit is to spark a discussion on the ambition and the feasibility of "natural" cognitive interaction between human operators and cognitive assistants.
Denys Bernard is an aeronautical engineer and doctor in Computer Sciences. He has relentlessly worked in research and development activities for decision support systems - both on board and on ground - particularly for aircraft maintenance. His main domains of interest are: diagnostic; planning; knowledge extraction and representation; decision making. He is now focused on the application of cognitive technologies as the foundation of virtual assistants for mechanics and cockpit crew.


text:
Money, income and prices under fixed exchange rates: Evidence from causality tests and VARs
This paper investigates the impact of changes in monetary variables on the domestic and foreign sectors, the determinants of central bank policy, and the response to foreign monetary changes in Mexico and India. Multivariate Granger-causality tests, variance decompositions and impulse response functions are utilized to examine propositions regarding causal relationships among key economic variables. The results indicate that domestic monetary policy did not affect output in either country. A substantial balance of payments offset to changes in domestic credit was found in India, but not for Mexico. The Mexican central bank pursued an accommodative monetary policy, but did not sterilize. In India, the central bank sterilized, but did not respond to income or price fluctuations. Output responded in each country to changes in foreign money.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jmacro:v:15:y:1993:i:4:p:747-768. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


text:
As early as possible, the superintendent makes a decision to take one of the following actions: open schools on schedule, delay the opening of schools or cancel school for the day. Information about school closings or delays is shared with the public in several ways:
- Notification calls – parents/guardians receive a mass notification call from the superintendent (for a districtwide schedule change) or principal (for an individual school schedule change);
- Website – notice will be posted in the banner of the district website at District196.org;
- District Twitter (_USER_) and Facebook (_USER_) accounts, and
- TV and Radio – Twin Cities television stations and WCCO-AM Radio (830) are notified about a schedule change for District 196 schools.
If school is canceled
If school is canceled for the entire day, the following activities are also canceled:
- All daytime and after-school Community Education activities (Early Childhood Family Education [ECFE], Early Childhood Special Education [ECSE] and Adult Basic Education [ABE] programs);
- Elementary school after-school and evening activities, and
- Middle school after-school and evening activities.
- School-age Care (SAC) will be canceled when there is a snow-related school cancellation; SAC will be held at predetermined locations if there is a temperature-related school cancellation.
- Decisions about whether to hold evening high school and evening Community Education activities are made by mid-afternoon and communicated on the district website and information line by 3 p.m.
If the start of school is delayed
If the start of school is delayed, all school buses, except Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE) buses, operate on a normal but delayed schedule and the following activities are canceled:
- Morning and afternoon early childhood special education classes (ECSE);
- Morning Adult Basic Education (ABE) classes;
- Morning and afternoon Connections Preschool classes;
- Morning and afternoon Early Childhood Family Education (ECFE) classes; and
- Morning Community Education activities, including SAC.
Other school schedule changes
If severe weather develops or is predicted during the school day, schedules may change in one or more of the following ways:
- Afternoon Connections Preschool, after-school Community Education activities, ABE, ECSE, ECFE and SAC may be canceled;
- School may be dismissed early, and/or
- Middle school and high school activity bus routes may be canceled.
Early dismissal will only take place in the event of an emergency. We encourage all parents to have a plan in place should their child need to come home early from school due to weather or an emergency. In developing your plan, keep in mind that in certain emergency situations students may be immediately evacuated and may not be able to go back into the school to get keys or other belongings from their lockers.
How decisions are made to cancel or delay school
Decisions to cancel or shorten the regular school day and after-school activities are made by the superintendent in consultation with other staff. Although severe weather conditions are the most common reason for a change of school schedule, other events such as a utility outage or malfunction could necessitate the delay, cancellation or early dismissal of school.
The over-riding concern in making the decision to cancel or delay the start of school is the safety of our students, staff and others in the community. Beyond that, the process becomes more complicated. The fundamental decision is whether students and staff will be safer with school in session or canceled for the day. Several factors are considered, including the following:
- Road conditions are extremely important and must be considered throughout the 110 square miles that make up our district, including rural areas where blowing snow can severely limit visibility for drivers;
- School buses can drive through very deep snow, but they can't make it through to school if intersections are clogged with stuck vehicles;
- Wind chill is also important, especially if there is the possibility of buses running late and students having to wait a longer time at their bus stop;
- The weather forecast for the remainder of the day is also considered, as well as reports from our cities as to when key roads will be plowed, and
- Finally, the actions of other districts in the area are considered.
When severe winter weather occurs, the following steps are taken to examine weather conditions and decide whether to delay or cancel the opening of school:
- By 3:45 a.m., district Transportation Department employees are driving on key roads throughout the district and contacting city and county highway departments to determine if the roads are safe for travel.
- By 5 a.m., the Transportation Department coordinator contacts the superintendent with information on weather and road conditions and to discuss whether there may be a need to change the school schedule.


2.3 Constraints
In JaCoP, there are three major types of constraints:
Primitive constraints and global constraints can be imposed using impose method, while decomposable constraints are imposed using imposeDecomposition method. An example that imposes a primitive constraint XneqY is defined below. Again, in order to impose a constraint a store object must be available.
 store.impose( new XeqY(x1, x2));
Alternatively, one can define first a constraint and then impose it, as shown below.
 PrimitiveConstraint c = new XeqY(x1, x2);
Both methods are equivalent.
The methods impose(constraint) and constraint.impose(store) often create additional data structures within the constraint store as well as constraint itself. Do note that constraint imposition does not involve checking if the constraint is consistent. Both methods of constraint imposition does not check whether the store remains consistent. If checking consistency is needed, the method imposeWithConsistency(constraint) should be used instead. This method throws FailException if the store is inconsistent. Note, that similar functionality can be achieved by calling the procedure store.consistency() explicitly (see section 2.4).
Constraints can have another constraints as their arguments. For example, reified constraints of the form X = Y B can be defined in JaCoP as follows.
 IntVar x = new IntVar(store, "X", 1, 100);
 IntVar y = new IntVar(store, "Y", 1, 100);
 IntVar b = new IntVar(store, "B", 0, 1);
 store.impose( new Refified( new XeqY(x, y), b));
In a similar way disjunctive constraints can be imposed. For example, the disjunction of three constraints can be defined as follows.
 PrimitiveConstraint[] c = {c1, c2, c3};
 store.impose( new Or(c) );
 ArrayList c =
 new ArrayList();
 c.add(c1); c.add(c2); c.add(c3);
 store.impose( new Or(c) );
Note, that disjunction and other similar constraints accept only primitive constraints as parameters.


text:
This dissertation reports three studies about what it means for teachers and students to reason with frames of reference: to conceptualize a reference frame, to coordinate multiple frames of reference, and to combine multiple frames of reference. Each paper expands on the previous one to illustrate and utilize the construct of frame of reference. The first paper is a theory paper that introduces the mental actions involved in reasoning with frames of reference.
Download count: 0
- Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics 2019


text:
This study was designed to examine the interaction of neonatal ethanol and cocaine exposure on isolation induced ultrasonic vocalizations using an oral gavage method of drug administration. There were 5 neonatal treatment groups including 3.0 g/kg ethanol, 20 mg/kg cocaine, both 3.0 g/kg ethanol and 20 mg/kg cocaine, an intubated control and a nonintubated control. Drug was administered twice daily from postnatal days (PND) 4-10. On PND 14, subjects were tested for a 6 min test to assess the rate and type of ultrasonic vocalizations displayed. As previously reported using an intragastric "artificial rearing" administration procedure, pups exposed to ethanol displayed reductions in the number of ultrasonic vocalizations across the test session. Pups exposed to both drugs showed similar deficits to those pups receiving ethanol alone. In contrast, cocaine had no effect on this outcome measure. Sonographic analysis of the vocalizations revealed that ethanol's effects appeared to be selective to certain waveforms rather than a general reduction across all wave types and again, cocaine had no impact on the proportion of the various wave types. These findings provide further support that neonatal ethanol exposure can have significant effects on maternal/infant communication and may play a role in many of the long-term effects associated with ethanol exposure during development.
|Number of pages||10|
|State||Published - Jan 2005|
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported in part by NIAAA grant # 09723 awarded to SB. The authors would also like to thank Josh Yahr, Autra Pointer and Bryan Baseheart for their assistance with data collection and Dr. Tomonari Akamatsu for his expertise in acoustical analysis.
- 3rd trimester ethanol exposure
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Social behaviors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics


Communication Assistance when Making a Formal Complaint
An individual with a communication disability may request communication assistance to make a complaint to the Office of the Independent Police Review Director, the National Judicial Council, Human Rights Tribunal, Regulatory Healthcare bodies and other groups.
In these situations, a person with a communication disability may need assistance from an individual who is familiar with how they communicate, such as a family member, friend, or a support worker.
In situations where a familiar person is not available or appropriate, a qualified professional with expertise in communication may be required to assist. This can be a Speech-Language Pathologist, or an Augmentative Communication Clinician. The person requiring this assistance can request that the investigating organization pay for these services as an accessibility accommodation.
Documenting a Complaint:
Communication support may be required to assist the person to:
 - Formulate their complaint
 - Write and submit their complaint
Interview/ Hearing:
If the complaint proceeds to an interview or a hearing, and depending on the nature of the complaint, the investigating organization or the complainant may want to request a Communication Intermediary to provide independent, neutral communication assistance.
A Communication Intermediary is a Speech-Language Pathologist who has attended trainings by CDAC on how to work within a justice and legal setting.