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The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Working Memory Performance
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Working memory is the temporary storage mechanism that underlies our ability to hold and process information over a brief period of time. It is a pre-requisite for the long-term storage of information, reading, problem-solving and language comprehension. Research examining the relationship between working memory and socioeconomic status remains inconclusive. The present study brings together educational, cognitive ageing, intelligence and socioeconomic status (SES) research in order to determine whether, in a large, adult sample, working memory performance differs across SES. Data were obtained form an Internet test attempted by ~480,000 people on the Science pages of the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) website. This data included tests of working memory, short-term memory and some demographic information on participants. A subset of participants who provided the necessary demographic information and were aged between 30 and 45 were selected. Participants' postcodes were linked to Geoplan® (2011) SES data, and working memory performance was assessed across SES. Tests of measurement invariance identified a single latent working memory factor that was being measured consistently across SES. It was not possible to constrain means equal. Therefore differences in mean performances across SES could be considered to reflect differences in the latent working memory construct. Factor scores on this latent variable were computed and used as a measure of participants' general working memory performance. A series of ANOVAs demonstrated that working memory performance differed from SES group AB to C1 (p=0._PHONE_), and from AB to D (p=0._PHONE_). When education was introduced as a covariate, there was a significant difference between the working memory performance of participants in SES groups AB and C1 (p=0.004), AB and D (p=0.003), and C1and D (p=0.012). Performances on individual working memory tasks were either significant or almost significant in comparisons between AB, C1 and D. In all analyses, there were no significant differences observed when SES grade E was included in pairwise comparisons. Results indicated that SES influences level of working memory performance, with those in a higher SES grade scoring higher on average than their lower SES counterparts. Implications for further research are discussed with a focus on SES measurement and conception, as well the problems associated with demographic composition of the present sample.


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We propose atmospheric (free-space) optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed system using pulse position modulation (PPM) taking into consideration the effects of scintillation, avalanche photodiode (APD) noise, thermal noise, and multiuser interference. We show that atmospheric optical CDMA systems can realize communications at a bit rate of 156 Mbps when the logarithm variance of the scintillation σs2 is smaller than, or equal to, 0.1. When σs2 is large, we need to use forward error correction codes (FECs).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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U.S. Senator Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) has introduced the State Border Defense Act to empower states to counteract President Biden's immigration policies, which critics argue have led to an influx of narcotics on American streets and an increase in child trafficking. Senator Hawley's legislation emerges in response to the Biden Administration's actions that some believe undermine states' ability to secure their borders. This includes hindering the installation of a buoy barrier and razor wire along the southern border. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reported a record 232,972 southern border encounters in August, marking the highest monthly total in 2023.
"Our southern border is overwhelmed. Joe Biden's policies are exacerbating the situation daily, leaving states like Missouri grappling with the fallout. As the federal government appears reluctant to enforce our immigration laws, states must have the capability to do so," Senator Hawley stated.
The State Border Defense Act proposes to:
- Allow states to deport illegal immigrants instead of relocating them to other states.
- Prosecute individuals who commit crimes upon illegal entry into the country.
- Erect barriers on federal lands or waters along the southern border to deter illegal immigration.
Read the full text of the bill by clicking or tapping here.


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5.2. Running the ServerOrdinarily, an SSH server is invoked when the host computer is booted, and it is left running as a daemon. This works fine for most purposes. Alternatively, you can invoke the server manually. This is advantageous when you're debugging a server, experimenting with server options, or running a server as a nonsuperuser. Manual invocation requires a bit more work and forethought but might be the only alternative for some situations. Most commonly, a computer has just one SSH server running on it. It handles multiple connections by spawning child processes, one per connection. You can run multiple servers if you like, however. For example, you might run both sshd1 and sshd2, or several versions of a server, each listening on a different TCP port.
Or sshd can be invoked by inetd, creating one sshd process per connection. [Section 126.96.36.199, "Invocation by inetd"]
5.2.1. Running as the SuperuserThe SSH server is invoked by simply typing its name:
The server automatically runs in the background, so no ampersand is required at the end of the line. To invoke the server when the host computer boots, add appropriate lines to /etc/rc.local or the appropriate startup file on your system. For example:# SSH1, SSH2, OpenSSH $ sshd
SSH2 comes with a sample SysV-style init control script, named sshd2.startup.# Specify the path to sshd. SSHD=/usr/local/bin/sshd # If sshd exists, run it and echo success to the system console. if [ -x "$SSHD" ] then $SSHD && echo 'Starting sshd' fi
5.2.2. Running as an Ordinary UserAny user can run sshd, provided that several steps are completed beforehand:
This command generates the files hostkey and hostkey.pub in the directory ~/myserver (so make sure the directory exists). Here's the analogous command for SSH2:# SSH1, OpenSSH $ ssh-keygen -N '' -b 1024 -f ~/myserver/hostkey
The -P and -N cause the generated key to be saved in plaintext, because sshd expects to read it without prompting someone for a passphrase. Third, you must select a port number on which the SSH server listens for connections. The port number is set with the -p command-line option of sshd or the Port keyword in the configuration file, as we discuss later. Your server can't listen on port 22, the default, because only the superuser may run processes to listen on that port. Your port number must be greater than or equal to 1024, as lower port numbers are reserved by the operating system for use by privileged programs. [Section 188.8.131.52, "Trusted-host authentication (Rhosts and RhostsRSA)"] The port number also must not conflict with those in use by other programs on the server computer; if it does, you get an error message when you try to start the server:# SSH2 only $ ssh-keygen2 -P -b 1024 ~/myserver/hostkey
If you receive this error, try another integer in the free range (above 1024). Avoid numbers mentioned in the computer's services map (usually /etc/services or the Network Information Service (NIS) "services" map, which you can view with the Unix command ypcat -k services). These numbers have been designated by the system administrator for use with particular programs or protocols, so you might be causing trouble if you steal one. Finally, you must create your own SSH server configuration file. Otherwise, the server uses built-in defaults or a systemwide configuration file (if one exists) and might not operate as you intend. Assuming you have generated a host key in ~/myserver/hostkey, selected the port number 2345, and created a configuration file in ~/myserver/config, the server is invoked with the command:error: bind: Address already in use
A server run by an ordinary user has some disadvantages:# SSH1, SSH2, OpenSSH $ sshd -h ~/myserver/hostkey -p 2345 -f ~/myserver/config
Copyright © 2002 O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved.


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Sunrise Park Resort Hotel
The Native American Culinary Association
May 18 or May 23, 2012
CULINARY WORKSHOP OUTLINE
The purpose of this program is to create an engaging culinary environment that utilizes food and
culinary culture as an axis for learning. We aim to use food as a medium to communicate and address
issues of culture, place, food ways, work-ethic, identity and wellness.
The purpose of this workshop is to examine the evolution of Indigenous Culinary Culture in the
Americas. Through active participant observation, we will utilize food as a medium to communicate
culture and history.
Another objective of this program is to creatively draw on internal resources such as personal sensory
experience with food, character, creativity and culinary inquisitiveness while developing Native
American Cuisine in this region.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Cause of Dispute
Cause of dispute statistics relate to the reported main cause of stoppage of work and not necessarily all causes that may have been responsible for the stoppage of work. For these reasons, the statistics do not reflect the relative importance of all causes of disputes as perceived by both employers and employees. The causes are classified from information supplied by employers and according to standards determined by the International Labour Organisation.
Disputes are initially classified according to whether a dispute occurred during a process of workplace/enterprise bargaining. A process of workplace/enterprise bargaining refers to the negotiations that take place between an employer and their employees (or their representatives), in reaching an agreement over pay and employment conditions.
Disputes not related to a process of workplace/enterprise bargaining include:
Disputes are then further classified according to the main cause of the dispute, as follows:
Enterprise Bargaining (EB) related:
Remuneration: Disputes relating to wages and other forms of remuneration, e.g. increase/decrease in wages, allowances, entitlements and superannuation.
Employment conditions: Disputes relating to hours of work, leave, non-remuneration related benefits, and other general employment conditions, e.g. increase/decrease in hours, distribution of hours, and holiday and leave provisions.
Other EB related: Causes other than Remuneration or Employment conditions, including job security and other causes relating to a process of workplace/enterprise bargaining, e.g. pattern bargaining strikes, disputes where employees refuse to enter into enterprise bargaining negotiations.
Remuneration: as above
Employment conditions: as above
Health and safety: Disputes concerning physical working conditions, safety issues and workers' compensation provisions, e.g. accidents, protective clothing and equipment, first aid services, uncomfortable working conditions, employee amenities, shortage or poor distribution of equipment or material, condition of equipment, and arduous physical tasks.
Job security: Disputes concerning issues relating to job security, e.g. retrenchment of employees, downsizing, restructuring, use of contractors, outsourcing, re-classification of the workforce, and market conditions within the relevant industry.
Managerial policy: Disputes relating to the decisions and policies of line managers, e.g. disciplinary matters, suspensions, personal disagreement, discrimination, decisions that impact upon work and family issues, docking of pay, fines, production limits or quotas, principles of promotion or filling positions, and work practices.
Union issues: Disputes concerning the alleged anti-union attitude of the employer, inter-union and intra-union disputes (e.g. demarcation disputes), sympathy stoppages in support of employees in another industry, and recognition of union activities.
Other non-EB related: Disputes that cannot be ascribed to any other category, e.g. political protests.
- disputes relating to award negotiations
- disputes relating to the content or application of an existing agreement (and do not seek to amend or terminate the agreement)
An industrial dispute is defined as a state of disagreement over an issue or group of issues between an employer and its employees, which results in employees ceasing work. Industrial disputes comprise strikes, which are a withdrawal from work by a group of employees; and lockouts, which are a refusal by an employer or group of employers to permit some or all of their employees to work.
Disputes which ended during the reference period
Disputes which ended during the period encompasses those disputes which:
Disputes which occurred during the reference period
Disputes which occurred during the period encompasses those disputes which:
- started in a previous period and ended in the reference period
- began and ended in the reference period.
Employees refers to wage and salary earners only. Excluded are persons who are self-employed (e.g. building sub-contractors, owner-drivers of trucks) and employers.
Employees directly involved: Employees who actually participated in the dispute in order to enforce or resist a demand or to express a grievance.
Employees indirectly involved: Employees who were stood down at the location where the stoppage occurred, but who were not themselves parties to the dispute. Employees who were stood down at locations other than those where the disputes occurred are excluded.
Employees newly involved: For a new dispute, comprises all employees who are involved and, for an ongoing dispute, those involved for the first time.
Total employees involved: Comprises employees newly involved and, for an ongoing dispute, those who continue to be involved. Total employees involved for any period of time is obtained by adding together the number of employees involved in each dispute for the period.
- started in a previous period and ended in the reference period
- began and ended in the reference period
- began in the reference period and continued into the next period
- started prior to the reference period and continued past the reference period.
Industry is classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification, 1993.
Other industries comprises those industries not included in the specified industry groupings, i.e. Agriculture, forestry and fishing; Electricity, gas and water supply; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Accommodation, cafes and restaurants; Finance and insurance; Property and business services; Government administration and defence; Cultural and recreational services and Personal and other services.
Reason Work Resumed
Reason work resumed statistics relate to the reason for ending the stoppage of work as reported and not necessarily to the reason(s) for settling all matters in dispute. Therefore, they do not reflect the relative importance of the work of various industrial tribunals operating under state and federal legislation. The classification of Reason work resumed is as follows:
Negotiation without intervention of a third party: Negotiation between the parties involved, or their representatives, without the intervention or assistance of authorities constituted under state or federal industrial legislation, and without mediation.
State legislation: Intervention or assistance of an industrial authority or authorities created by, or constituted under, state industrial/workplace relations legislation. Disputes that are referred to a mediator by a state industrial tribunal, either on a voluntary or compulsory basis, are included under 'Mediation' (except in instances where mediation is directed and a return to work ordered).
Federal legislation: Intervention or assistance of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC). Disputes that are referred to a mediator by the AIRC, either on a voluntary or compulsory basis, are included under 'Mediation' (except in instances where mediation is directed and a return to work ordered).
Pre-determined return to work: Disputes for which a return to work is determined prior to the industrial action, e.g. when employees decide to go out on strike for a pre-determined period of 24 hours.
Resumption without negotiation: Disputes in which employees decide to return to work without the dispute being resolved, and without any negotiations having taken place to prompt the return, e.g. stop-work meetings, and disputes where employees decide to return to work to avoid further loss of earnings or for other reasons. This category may include some disputes which are settled subject to subsequent negotiation, such as industrial court hearings.
Mediation: Disputes that are settled through the assistance of a mediator, either voluntarily or as directed by a state or federal industrial tribunal, e.g. AIRC.
Other reasons: Disputes that cannot be ascribed to any other category, e.g. replacing employees on strike or locked out, permanent closure of business, and dismissal or resignation of employees.
Working days lost
Working days lost refers to working days lost by employees directly and indirectly involved in the dispute.
Working days lost per employee involved (formerly 'Duration of dispute')
The average number of working days lost per employee involved in the dispute, calculated by dividing the number of working days lost in the dispute by the number of employees involved (both directly and indirectly).
Working days lost per thousand employees
Working days lost per thousand employees are calculated for a quarterly period by dividing the total number of working days lost in the period by the total number of employees in the Australian labour force in the period (obtained from the ABS Labour Force Survey) and multiplying by 1,000. Labour Force Survey employee estimates are revised every 5 years as a result of the implementation of new population benchmarks from the Census of Population and Housing. As a result, estimates of working days lost per thousand employees are also subject to revision.
This page last updated 20 June 2006


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Creating forms with Microsoft Word is easy, but the challenge comes in when you decide to create fillable forms with options that you can send to people and have them fill out digitally. Whether you need a form for gathering information about people or if you are trying to take a survey to test out user response to software or a new product, MS Word has the solution for you.
Note: the screenshots in this tutorial are from Word 2010 but this should work the same in Word 2013.
Enable the Developer Tab
In order to create fillable forms, you will need to start by enabling the developer tab by clicking on the "File" drop-down menu and then choose "Options." Open the "Customize Ribbon" tab and select the "Main Tabs" option under "Customize the Ribbon."
Now you will need to select the "Developer" box and press "OK."
Once you have done this, you will notice that an additional menu has been added to the top of the screen with several new developer options.
To Template, or Not to Template?
There are two main options to get started with your form creation. Option one is easy to use if you can find a template that suits your needs. To find templates, Click on the "File" menu, select "New." You will see many premade templates available for download. Simply click on "Forms" and look through the selection of templates to find one that suits your needs.
When you have found your template, just download it and edit the form as needed.
Since that is the easy way and you may not be able to find a template that fits your needs, we will discuss the best way to create forms from scratch. Begin by navigating to the template options again, but instead of selecting a pre-made form, select "My Templates."
Now you will need to click the "Templates" check-circle and then press "OK" to create a blank template. Lastly, press "Ctrl + S" to save the document. We will call it, "Form Template 1".
Populate the Form
Now that you have a blank template, you are ready to start adding information to the form. The form we will create in this example is a simple form to collect information about people who fill them out. First, you will need to enter the basic questions. For this tutorial, we will try to get the following information:
- Name (Plain Text Response)
- Age (Drop-Down List)
- D.O.B. (Date Response)
- Sex (Check Box)
- Zip Code (Plain Text Response)
- Phone Number (Plain Text Response)
- Favorite Primary Color and why: (Combo Box)
- Best Pizza Toppings (Check Box and Plain Text Response)
- What is your dream job and why? Limit your answer to 200 words (Rich Text Response)
- What type of vehicle do you drive? (Plain Text Response)
Click on the "Developer" tab which you added earlier and under the "Controls" section, choose "Design Mode" to begin creating different control options. If you want to see what it looks like in action, remember to deselect the "Design Mode" option.
For any answers that require a text based answer, you can add text sections. You will do this by selecting the Rich Text Content Control (allows users to edit formatting) or the Plain Text Content Control (only allows plain text without formatting) option.
Let's enable a rich text response for question 9, and then a plain text response for question 1, 5, 6, and 10.
Remember that you can edit the text in the content control boxes to match the questions by clicking in them and typing as seen in the image above.
Add a Date Selection Option
If you need to add dates, you can add the "Date Picker Content Control." Let's Use this and add it to question 3.
Insert a Drop-Down List with Options
For questions that only allow one answer such as numbers (question 2), a drop-down list is handy. We will add simple list and populate it with age ranges. You will need to add the content control box, right-click on it, and select the "Properties" option. Next, click on add to add age ranges.
When you are done, it should look something like this (Design Mode Disabled).
Alternatively, you can add a "Combo Box," which will allow you to add any options you want, as well as allow users to enter additional text if needed. Let's add a combo box to question 7. Since it is a combo box, users will be able to select an option and type why they like the color.
Add Check Boxes
For the fourth question, we will add check box options. You will first enter your options (male and female). Now you can add the check box content control after each option.
Repeat the process for any other questions that require one or more options. We will add check boxes to question 8 as well. We will also add a plain text response box for any toppings not listed.
The completed blank form should look like the images below depending on whether you have design mode enabled or disabled.
Congratulations, you have just learned the basics of creating interactive forms. Feel free to download our completed sample form if needed. You can send the DOTX file to people and when they open it, it will automatically open up a normal word document that they can fill out and send to you since the template is automatically applied.
Image Credit: Ben Ward on Flickr


Silbannacus – 249 AD
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Ca 248AD
Marcus Silbannacus was a usurper during the reign of Philip I. History has not been kind to Silbannacus since it has failed to record his existence. Silbannacus is known only from a single coin which now resides in the British Museum. Silbannacus most likely led a very short lived rebellion around 248 AD on the Rhine perhaps about the same time period as Pacatian in the Balkins. He was most likely killed by his own troops since there is no record of a confrontation between himself and Philip I.
Monetary System
Mints: unknown
Obverse Legends:
Note: The style of this unique coin and its fabric places its time of mintage to the reign of Philip I.
AR Antoninianus (unique)
Monetary History of the World
 ©Martin A. Armstrong


Oregon State University (OSU) has developed an ocean loading and self-attraction file from TPXO9v2a for the following constituents: M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1, Mm, Mf, M4, Mn4, Ms4, 2N2, S1. The file is in OTIS binary format and can be accessed through the scripts provided in the OTPS package, the TMD toolbox, or the pyTMD Python package. The load model is included in the OTPS software package, available at _URL_
Direction for using the load tide to make tide predictions with the TMD toolbox v2.5
 1. Download the OTPS software package, available at _URL_
The load tide model (load_file), located in the /DATA directory of the OTPS package
 1. Download the TPX09.v2a global model from _URL_ and unpack into a directory.
This model provides the grid file and u file which are needed to create a "Model_file" which is currently required by version 2.5 of the TMD toolbox.
You must register, following instructions on the _URL_ page, to download the TPXO global tide models.
 1. Create a directory on your computer called tpxo9v2a_load
 1. Copy the load_file from the OTPS package to the tpxo9v2a_load directory and rename it to h_load_file
 1. In the tpxo9v2a_load directory, create an ASCII "Model_file" named Model_tpxo9v2a_load. This file should contain the following lines of text, in the following order:
where "path" is the location of the TPX09.v2a global model you downloaded in step 2. Or, if you prefer, you can also add the path to your matlab script.
 1. You can then use tmd_tide_predict to predict the self-attraction and loading component of the tide for your location of interest. This can then be added to your tide prediction. Below is an example of a call to tmd_tide_predict:
addpath D:\Projects\Tide_Models\tpxo9v2a_load
addpath D:\Projects\Tide_Models\tpxo9v2a\DATA
Additional comments: This process will be simplified in the next release of the TMD toolbox: TMD3.0


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Origins of Gamburtsev Sublacial Mountains Explained
17.11.2011 - Land & Geology, Antarctic
An international team of scientists from seven nations recently published in Nature their findings regarding the origins of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, located 3 km beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. How the mountains formed is a mystery that has interested scientists since they were first discovered in 1958 as they are high, located in the middle of an ancient craton, yet have a youthful appearance for mountains.
During the International Polar Year (2007-2008), researchers from the Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province (AGAP) project flew two twin-engine aircraft equipped with ice penetrating radars, gravity meters and magnetometers over the part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet where the Gamburtsev Mountains lie. Analyzing the data they gathered, the team was able to describe the geological processes that have taken place over the past billion years to create the East Antarctic Rift System (a 3,000 km fracture extending from Antarctica to India).
One billion years ago, several landmasses collided, pushing the oldest rock of the Gamburtsevs together and forming a thick, crustal root deep beneath the mountains. Later, when the Gondwana Supercontinent (what is now South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia and the Indian subcontinent) began to break up 250 – 100 million years ago, this caused the old crustal root to warm once again. Together with the East Antarctic Rift, the crustal root pushed the land upwards again, reforming mountains and thus creating the modern Gamburtsevs.
Intricate glacier and river systems carved deep valleys in the Gamburtsevs, giving them a spectacular landscape, resembling that of the Alps. Ever since the Antarctic Ice Sheet formed some 34 million years ago, the Gamburtsevs have been protected from further erosion.
According to the article's lead author, Dr. Fausto Ferraccioli from the British Antarctic Survey, the key to piecing together the puzzle of their origin was discovering similarities between the East Antarctic and East African Rift Systems. Co-author Carol Finn from the US Geological Survey, these findings have significant implications for understanding mountain formation and ice sheet evolution within continental interiors, as the formation of the Gamburtsevs involved more than one tectonic event.
The next steps will be to retrieve the first rock samples from the Gamburtsevs to find out exactly when the mountain range formed, according to co-author, Dr. Robin Bell of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.


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Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
The island of Bioko is a mass of earth of volcanic origin with a surface area of just over 2000 km2. It is located in the Gulf of Guinea, off the coast of Cameroon and Gabon. There are two seasons: a dry season (November to March) and a rainy season (April to October). The average annual temperature is 25 0C. Rainfall varies from 1930 mm in the north to 10990 mm in the south. About 40% of the island is inaccessible by land due to the dense tropical forest.
The island is made up of small slow rivers where blackfly vectors of the Simulium damnosum complex – S. yahense Bioko form – breed.
There are an estimated 90 000 people living on Bioko Island. The island is the only island known to be endemic with onchocerciasis. The geographical location of the island protects it from re-invasion of the blackfly.
Large scale aerial and ground larviciding started in 2003, and aerial spraying continued in 2005. Environmental assessment surveys showed no detrimental environmental impact of these vector control activities.
Ivermectin distribution started in 1990. Community-directed treatment with ivermectin started in 2000.
In 2005, the Simulium yahense Bioko form was eliminated from Bioko Island. Reinforcement of community-directed treatment with ivermectin is expected to lead to rapid elimination of onchocerciasis.


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What is an Energy Server?
Built with our patented solid oxide fuel cell technology, Bloom's Energy Server™ is a new class of distributed power generator, producing clean, reliable, affordable electricity at the customer site.
Fuel cells are devices that convert fuel into electricity through a clean electro-chemical process rather than dirty combustion. They are like batteries except that they always run. Our particular type of fuel cell technology is different than legacy "hydrogen" fuel cells in three main ways:
- Low cost materials – our cells use a common sand-like powder instead of precious
metals like platinum or corrosive materials like acids.
- High electrical efficiency – we can convert fuel into electricity at nearly twice the
rate of some legacy technologies
- Fuel flexibility – our systems are capable of using either renewable or fossil fuels
Each Bloom Energy Server provides 200kW of power, enough to meet the baseload needs of 160 average homes or an office building... day and night, in roughly the footprint of a standard parking space. For more power simply add more energy servers.


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In today's digital age, marketing materials play a crucial role in promoting businesses, including restaurants. When it comes to promoting a restaurant, one popular tool is the flyer. However, designing a flyer that effectively communicates your restaurant's message and entices customers requires careful consideration, especially when creating flyers for different formats. This article explores the key aspects of designing for print and digital restaurant flyers, providing valuable insights for restaurant owners and marketers.
Restaurant flyer design is a powerful tool to showcase your culinary delights and attract hungry customers. Learn the art of creating visually appealing and persuasive restaurant flyers in our informative blog on how to create a flyer.
In today's highly competitive restaurant industry, effective marketing is crucial for success. Flyers serve as an excellent promotional tool, whether in print or digital format. Designing a flyer that captures attention and persuades potential customers to visit your restaurant is a delicate art that requires a deep understanding of the medium and its intended audience. In this article, we will explore the nuances of designing for print and digital restaurant flyers and provide valuable tips to ensure your promotional efforts yield the best possible results.
Understanding Print Flyers
The Importance of Print Flyers
Print flyers have been a staple of marketing campaigns for decades. Despite the rise of digital media, print flyers continue to hold their own due to their tangible nature and ability to target local communities effectively. When designing a print flyer, it is essential to consider factors such as paper quality, colors, fonts, and layout to create an eye-catching and memorable piece. Additionally, understanding the print production process and using high-resolution images are crucial for achieving optimal results.
Design Considerations for Print Flyers
When designing a print flyer for your restaurant, several key considerations should be kept in mind. Firstly, ensure that the design reflects your restaurant's brand identity, utilizing consistent colors, fonts, and imagery. Secondly, focus on creating an attractive visual hierarchy that guides the reader's eye and highlights essential information such as the restaurant name, location, and contact details. Lastly, make effective use of whitespace and ensure that the flyer's layout is clean and uncluttered.
Embracing Digital Flyers
The Advantages of Digital Flyers
With the increasing prevalence of digital media, digital flyers have become an essential tool for restaurant marketing. Digital flyers offer unique advantages such as the ability to reach a broader audience through social media platforms, email campaigns, and websites. Moreover, they provide opportunities for interactive elements such as animations, videos, and clickable links, enhancing engagement and allowing potential customers to explore your restaurant's offerings more deeply.
Design Considerations for Digital Flyers
Designing digital flyers requires a different approach compared to print flyers. To maximize their impact, it is crucial to optimize them for various devices and screen sizes. Ensure that the flyer is mobile-friendly, as many users access information through smartphones and tablets. Utilize captivating visuals, concise and compelling copy, and strategic placement of call-to-action buttons to drive conversions. Additionally, pay attention to loading times, as slow-loading flyers can lead to user frustration and abandonment.
Striking the Right Balance
Cohesive Branding Across Formats
Maintaining consistent branding across print and digital formats is vital for establishing a strong brand identity. While the specific design elements may vary slightly between print and digital flyers, it is crucial to retain key elements such as logos, colors, and fonts to create a cohesive and recognizable brand presence. This consistency helps build trust and familiarity with potential customers, increasing the likelihood of them choosing your restaurant.
Tailoring the Message for Each Format
While consistency is essential, it is equally important to tailor the message for each format. Print flyers may allow for more detailed information due to their physical nature, while digital flyers may benefit from concise and impactful messaging that prompts further exploration. Consider the strengths and limitations of each format and adapt your content accordingly, ensuring that your message is effectively conveyed to the target audience. Also, read our blog on understanding the benefits of salesforce for businesses.
Designing effective restaurant flyers requires careful consideration of the medium and audience. Whether opting for print or digital formats, it is essential to understand the unique characteristics and design considerations of each. By leveraging the advantages of both print and digital flyers and striking the right balance between consistency and tailored messaging, restaurant owners and marketers can create compelling promotional materials that captivate their target audience and drive foot traffic to their establishments.
Q1: How should I choose between print and digital flyers for my restaurant?
When deciding between print and digital flyers, consider your target audience, budget, and marketing objectives. Print flyers are great for targeting local communities, while digital flyers offer broader reach and interactive possibilities.
Q2: Can I use the same design for both print and digital flyers?
While it's essential to maintain consistent branding, it's advisable to adapt the design to suit each format's specific requirements and limitations.
Q3: How can I make my digital flyer mobile-friendly?
To ensure your digital flyer is mobile-friendly, use responsive design principles, optimize image sizes, and test it on various devices and screen sizes.
Q4: Are there any design tools that can assist in creating restaurant flyers?
Yes, several design tools such as Canva, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Illustrator offer user-friendly interfaces and templates specifically designed for creating restaurant flyers.
Q5: How often should I update my restaurant flyer designs?
It's a good practice to update your restaurant flyer designs periodically to keep them fresh and aligned with your evolving branding and promotional strategies.
In conclusion, designing effective restaurant flyers requires an understanding of the nuances of print and digital formats. By considering the unique design elements and considerations of each format, maintaining consistent branding, and tailoring the message, restaurant owners and marketers can create compelling promotional materials that resonate with their target audience. Embracing both print and digital flyers allows for broader reach and engagement, ultimately driving foot traffic and boosting the success of your restaurant.
Also, read our blog on discover the keys to digital marketing success in 2024.


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Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS)
The Star Plot is one of popular methods for visualization of multivariate data. This method displays each data record as a star-shaped icon by mapping all variables (dimensions) on radiating rays (axes) originated from a single point. The number of such icons is equal to the number of data items (records). As the number of dimensions and the size of data set increase, Star Plot visualization soon becomes too cluttered because many rays have to be accommodated within small circular area and individual icons also become too small. To overcome these problems associated with visualization of high-dimensional multivariate data, we propose different ways of effectively using the Star Plot method. First, instead of displaying multiple star-shaped icons, one for each data item, we plot all data items together. With this overlapping, the entire display space can be used for rendering. Second, we shift the origin outward to produce a circle in the center, the circumference of which provides the origin points for the respective axes and increase the spacing between rays toward low-value ends. Third, to accommodate a very large number of dimensions, we adopt a multi-level approach in which we partition the dimensions into groups and plot corresponding rays in multiple concentric circular rings. For instance, our two-level Star Plot draws a subset of rays (e.g., 1/4th of total dimensions) in inner small circle and the rest (3/4th dimensions) in outer larger ring. The GUI support allows the user choose desired Star Plot option and also dynamically adjust the dimension partitioning and the ring boundary. We have demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed Star Plot extension by visualizing three multivariate data sets of varying number of dimensions.
Document Availability at the Time of Submission
Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide.
Sangli, Shabana, "Adopting Star Plot for Visualization of High Dimensional Multivariate Data" (2014). LSU Master's Theses. 2077.
Karki, Bijaya B.


Also found in: Acronyms.
(also characteristic function, characteristic), in geometrical optics, a function that specifies the optical path length of a ray of light between two arbitrary points, one (point A) in object space and the other (point A') in image space (seeIMAGE, OPTICAL).
Depending on the choice of parameters, several different types of eikonals are distinguished. The point characteristic, which is also referred to as Hamilton's characteristic or the characteristic function of Hamilton, is the eikonal of an optical system with respect to the coordinates x, y, and z of A and x', y', and z' of A'. The angle characteristic, which was discovered by H. E. Bruns, is the eikonal of an optical system with respect to a ray's direction cosines μ, v and μ′, v′. An example of a more complex eikonal is the characteristic function that was discovered by K. Schwarzschild.
In the designing of an optical system, the use of an eikonal makes it possible to obtain expressions for the system's transverse aberrations by differentiating the eikonal with respect to certain parameters. Functions called eikonals are widely used in charged-particle optics in the framework of the general analogy that exists between charged-particle and classical optics. Such functions are also used to describe particle and wave scattering processes in cases where analogies with optics arise. Examples of the techniques employed in such cases include the Hamiltonian method and the eikonal, or slowly varying amplitude, approximation in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
Born, M., and E. Wolf. Osnovy optiki. Moscow, 1973. (Translated from English.)
Kel'man, V. M., and S. Ia. Iavor. Elektronnaia optika, 3rd ed. Leningrad, 1968.
Goldberger, M., and K. Watson. Teoriia stolknovenii. Moscow, 1967. (Translated from English.)
References in periodicals archive?
Initial conditions for eikonal (16) and transfer (17) equations can be obtained from (13):
The connection to the speed of sound is now established through the eikonal equation [22].
Suppose at some time the Eikonal solution is known at a set of points (denoted Accepted points).
where amplitude [mathematical expression not reproducible] denote any vector functions of position and time and S is the eikonal or phase, any real function of position and time, too.
Menze et al., "Ayache Image guided personalization of reaction-diffusion type tumour growth models using modified anisotropic Eikonal equations," Journal of Medical Imaging, vol.
Menze et al., "Image guided personalization of reaction-diffusion type tumor growth models using modified anisotropic eikonal equations," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.
As regards the scientific review, the eikonal equation is expressed, and some complex-valued solutions are defined corresponding to complex rays and caustics.
Neglecting this term gives the refraction equations (eikonal and transport equations)


Open main menu
Diffgeom β
Injectivity radius
This article defines a scalar function on a manifold, viz a function from the manifold to real numbers. The scalar function may be intrinsic or defined in terms of some other structure/functionsTemplate:Radius notion
The term injectivity radius is also used for injectivity radius of a manifold which is the infimum over the manifold of the injectivity radii at all points
The injectivity radius is a scalar function on a Riemannian manifold M is defined as follows: the injectivity radius at x \in M is the supremum of all values r such that the exponential map from the unit ball B_r(x) in T_xM, to the manifold M, is injective.
The fact that the injectivity radius at each point is strictly positive is one of the starting points of Riemannian geometry.


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The lesson of performance-based compensation is one of institutional change. Gaps between the goals of compensation policy and practice on the one hand, and organizational results on the other, have characteristically come from under-conceptualizing what is involved in performance-based compensation. The impact of performance-based compensation comes from anticipating the consequences of the reform for the entire district. As this CTAC report shows, performance-based compensation involves more than recognizing excellence in teaching; it should expand the system's overall capacity to support classrooms and improve teaching quality. An effective and sustainable strategy for recruiting, retaining, and rewarding excellence in teaching will provide a fertile ground where teaching thrives as a profession and is nurtured at a greater level of excellence and scale. This report was commissioned by the Center for American Progress.
SEARCH BY TOPIC
- Educator Performance
- Funding Streams and Planning Cycles
- Human Capital Management Systems
- Parent and Community Involvement
- Performance-Based Compensation
- Professional Development
- School and Community Partnership
- School Decision-Making
- School Turnaround and District Improvement
- State Takeover
- State-to-District Assistance
- Student Learning Objectives
- Systemic Reform
- Teacher and Principal Evaluation and Effectiveness
Publications and Reports
CTAC's reports focus on cutting edge issues in education and community development. Our research and evaluation studies inform practice and guide policy decision-making at local, state and national levels.
It's More Than Money: Making Performance-Based Compensation Work
New Directions in Christina: Accomplishments for Children, Challenges Ahead
This CTAC report shows that it is possible to increase student achievement for all student sub-groups, while also bridging the achievement gap. The Christina School District undertook system-wide reforms to address a persistent pattern of underachievement. The report reveals an unusually high level of education progress and highlights the successes gained by the district after a two-year intensive effort to improve education in their public schools. These efforts resulted in increased student achievement for all student sub-groups as measured on three major independent assessments. Moreover, African American and Hispanic students showed the greatest growth—for the first time ever in the district.


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Post–COVID-19 Condition in Children
The study titled "Post–COVID-19 Condition in Children" provides an in-depth analysis of the incidence and characteristics of Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) or long COVID in school-aged children.
Here's a detailed summary:
- Objective: To explore the incidence of Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) among school-aged children and investigate the relationship between pre-COVID-19 symptoms and the likelihood of developing PCC.
- Definition of PCC: The World Health Organization defines PCC as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms persisting for at least 2 months without any other explanation. These symptoms must affect everyday functioning. The prevalence of PCC in children is reported to range from 1% to 70% in different study samples.
- Participants: Parents and children aged 8-13 years in Alberta, Canada, were recruited for a longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serological study. The study involved the collection of children's symptoms every 2 weeks over a duration of 76 weeks.
- PCC Criteria: A child was considered to have PCC if they had a positive PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection, new symptoms starting within 3 months following a positive PCR result, and these symptoms persisting for at least 8 weeks. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association between symptoms before COVID-19 and the resolution of symptoms after COVID-19.
- Incidence of PCC: Out of 1026 children recruited, only 1 child (0.4%) met the WHO PCC definition after exclusions. This low incidence suggests that PCC might not be as prevalent in children as previously thought.
- Symptom Resolution: Children were 77% less likely to have symptom resolution after COVID-19 if they had symptoms reported every 2 weeks prior to infection. This indicates that children with more frequently reported symptoms before COVID-19 were indeed more likely to develop PCC.
- Common Post-COVID-19 Symptoms: The most common symptoms post-COVID-19 included rhinitis, sore throat, headache, cough, fever, and fatigue. Each of these symptoms resolved within 10 weeks following a positive PCR test result.
Conclusions and Implications: The study's findings highlight the relatively low incidence of PCC among school-aged children, with most children experiencing a resolution of symptoms within a short period post-infection. However, the presence of symptoms prior to COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with delayed resolution of symptoms post-COVID-19. The study emphasizes the importance of considering pre-COVID-19 health conditions and symptoms when evaluating and managing PCC in children. Further research into the neurobehavioral sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in school-aged children is recommended, considering the study's limitations, such as dependency on parent-proxy symptom reporting and the narrow age range of participants.


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Yankee Doodle America (Spirit Of 1776 From A To Z) : If you traveled the roads of colonial America, colorful hand-painted signs would greet you when you came across an inn or tavern, and inside, folks would be gathered who would be eager to share the news of the day. Wendell Minor invites us on just such a journey through America in the days of its struggle for independence. Each striking illustration, painted on hand-carved replicas of these signs, introduces readers to the people, places and events that gave birth to our nation.
|Niños y Jóvenes||Concepts|
|Niños y Jóvenes||Historia|


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Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) are the fixed assets of the companyFixed assets are also known as non-current assets.
Property, plant, and equipment includes assets that will - in the normal course of business - neither be used up in the next year nor will become a part of any product sold to customers.
Some of the most common parts of property, plant, and equipment are:
Buildings (and leasehold improvements)
Companies with lots of property, plant, and equipment often have special categories. For example, railroad property includes:
There is often a note in the financial statements - found in a companys 10-K - that will explain the different categories of property a company owns.
The market value of property, plant, and equipment can differ tremendously from the book value of property, plant, and equipment.
For example, when Berkshire Hathaway liquidated its textile mills, it had to pay the buyers of the companys manufacturing equipment to haul the equipment away. That property, plant, and equipment was literally worth less than zero. On the other hand, some companies own thousands of acres of land.
All property, plant, and equipment other than land is depreciated. Land is never depreciated. However, land is not marked up to market value either. Under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), land is shown on the balance sheet at cost.
The property, plant, and equipment line shown on the balance sheet is usually net property, plant, and equipment. This means it is the cost of the property, plant, and equipment less accumulated depreciation.


Software Defined Radio - how does it work? Part 7
 Hi, Habr.
 In the previous part about transmission to GNU Radio, the question was asked about whether it is possible to decode the LoRa protocol (data transfer for low-power devices) using SDR. This topic seemed interesting to me, especially since the LoRa signal itself is rather unusual - the so-called Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation, or "chirp modulation".
 How it works, continued under the cut.
 By the way, the literal translation of Chirp modulation would have sounded like "tweet modulation," but that sounds completely surreal, so I'd rather leave the simple word "chirp" (as suggested in the comments, in Russian this is called linear-frequency modulation ).
 LoRa Modulation
 As mentioned above, when transmitting LoRa, a modulation method using "chirps" is used, by the way patented by Semtech. If anyone wants implementation details with formulas, you can read the PDF on the semtech website or here, but if it's very rude, then one "chirp" is one frequency change, and the bit stream is encoded with such changes, as shown in the picture above. Signal parameters in LoRa are SF (spreading factor - in fact, the duration of one "chirp") and bandwidth - transmission bandwidth. The SF parameter is set by the predefined SF7 values - SF12, where 7 is the fastest and 12 is the slowest mode (for example, you can see a picture with an illustration of different speeds of chirping with researchgate ).
 Obviously, the shorter the length of the "chirp" and the wider the band, the more you can get the transmission speed. All this is connected with approximately the following table:
 From the point of view of range and noise immunity, it is advantageous to transmit slowly and sadly, but at the same time we lose speed, secondly, we lose time, and according to LoRa rules, a device can transmit no more than 1 % of the time so as not to interfere with other devices. So the choice of the optimal transmission speed for low-power devices is also not an easy task.
 With a general principle, I hope it's clear, now let's move on to SDR and decoding.
 For testing, I used the LoRa Click RN2483 and Arduino M0, simply because they were available.
 This is a fairly convenient form factor for prototyping, as it allows you to easily replace the board one with another without soldering (in this format, called MikroBUS, many different peripherals are available).
 The draft code, not pretending to be production, has been added under the spoiler. The value "1234" is passed as a test.
 // RN2483 Modem and LoRa Click test TX. Tested with Arduino M0
 int reset = A2;
 int rts = 9; // CS
 int cts = 3; // INT
 // the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
 void setup()
 Serial1.begin(57600); // Serial port to radio
 // output LED pin
 pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(cts, INPUT);
 pinMode(rts, OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(rts, HIGH);
 // Reset rn2483
 pinMode(reset, OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(reset, LOW);
 digitalWrite(reset, HIGH);
 sendCommand("sys get ver\r\n");
 sendCommand("sys get hweui\r\n");
 sendCommand("mac pause\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set mod lora\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set pwr -3\r\n"); // the transceiver output power, from -3 to 15
 sendCommand("radio set sf sf8\r\n"); // sf7..sf12, sf7 the fastest spreading factor but gives the shortest range
 // sendCommand("mac set dr 0\r\n"); // data rate: 0-4, 4 faster
 sendCommand("radio set freq 869100000\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set afcbw 41.7\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set rxbw 125\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set prlen 8\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set crc on\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set iqi off\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set cr 4/8\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set wdt 60000\r\n"); // disable for continuous reception
 // sendCommand("radio set sync 12\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set bw 125\r\n");
 void sendCommand(const char *cmd)
 String incoming = Serial1.readString();
 // SerialUSB.print(cmd);
 // SerialUSB.println(incoming);
 // the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
 void loop()
 char data[64] = {0};
 // hexadecimal value representing the data to be transmitted, from 0 to 255 bytes for LoRa modulation and from 0 to 64 bytes for FSK modulation.
 sprintf(data, "radio tx 1234\r\n");
 if (msg_num > 10000) msg_num=0;
 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 1);
 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 0);
 By the way, the maximum declared transmission range for RN2483 is up to 15 km, in practice, in the presence of a one-story building, the signal disappears already for 1 km, and can be no more than 100 m in urban "anthills".
 We start the modem, and proceed to decoding.
 There is no LoRa support in GNU Radio itself, so you have to use third-party components. There were only two of them, and unfortunately, both authors did not show any imagination in the name, and they called them exactly the same - gr-lora ( and BastilleResearch / gr-lora respectively). Unfortunately, because GNU Radio cannot have both components at once, the installer of one component overwrites the files of the other.
 rpp0 / gr-lora
 You can download the decoder sources from github, the assembly is standard and does not cause difficulties:
 git clone
 cd gr-lora
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake..
 make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
 After installation, additional blocks appear in GNU Radio, from which it is easy to assemble a decoder. As the parameters of the decoder, you must specify the transmission bandwidth, spreading factor, the center frequency of the SDR and the reception frequency.
 The units in GNU Radio are standardized so that any receiver, such as RTL-SDR, can be used. I used SDRPlay. A simple Python program was used to output data to the console.
 import socket
 UDP_IP = ""
 UDP_PORT = 40868
 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # UDP
 sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
 sock.bind((UDP_IP, UDP_PORT))
 while True:
 data, addr = sock.recvfrom(128) # buffer size is 1024 bytes
 print("Msg:",''.join('{:02x}'.format(x) for x in data))
 except socket.timeout:
 The result of the work is shown in the figure.
 As you can see, the row contains the header and end blocks of the transmission, and in the middle we see our data "1234".
 BastilleResearch / gr-lora
 This module is notable for the fact that it can work not only on reception, but also on transmission. The installation is about the same: the component needs to be assembled from source.
 git clone git://
 cd gr-lora
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake..
 make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
 The Connection Graph for this decoder is shown in the figure.
 As you can see, there are more blocks. Rotator and Polyphase Resampler select the desired frequency and cut off the excess, the Demodulator converts the "chirps" into a binary code (the output is a sequence like "17 00 3e 00 38 00 2f 00 01 00 39 00 2c 00 30 00 c6 00 18 00 7e 00 d5 00 85 00 e9 00 d8 00 67 00 c4 00 "), and Decoder forms the final package.
 Unfortunately, it never worked properly. Decoding definitely works, while the modem is working, the data appears, but the received messages have nothing to do with the transmitted ones.
 I did not understand the reason, either I made a mistake in the settings somewhere, or this decoder is compatible only with my own encoder. Those who wish can check independently using the Channel Model.
 As you can see, the lower, physical layer of transmission was considered here. In the higher-level LoRaWAN protocol, another logical layer is placed on top - with encryption, keys and other services. Those who want to see how encoding works can try the online decoder here.
 By the way, it follows that even if we receive a LoRaWAN signal using SDR, without the presence of encryption keys (one of which is stored on the provider's server), we still do not recognize the


Alarm fatigue, data integrity, patient violence top list of patient safety hazards
The 2015 edition of the ECRI Institute's top 10 patient safety concerns for healthcare organizations includes many of the usual suspects, but also highlights recent headline-grabbing hazards such as patient violence and inadequate reprocessing of endoscopes.
The ECRI report lists alarm hazards as its top concern and data integrity as No. 2, both of which also have held top spots in the nonprofit organization's health technology hazards list in 2013 and 2014. But in its most recent general hazards list, the institute says providers should look beyond the issue of alarm fatigue. "In addition to missed alarms that can result from excessive alarm activations, hospitals also have to be concerned about alarms that don't activate when a patient is in distress," Rob Schluth, senior project officer at ECRI Institute, said in an announcement, adding that this is often due to improperly configured alarm systems.
Patient violence moved up from No. 5 on the 2014 list to No. 3, because "the range and impact of patient violence across the hospital is not limited to incidents that make the headlines," leaving clinical staff to feel abandoned and unable to do their jobs safely, according to the report. Indeed, the issue of healthcare workplace violence has gained significant attention in recent months, even spurring the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to update its guidance to protect healthcare workers from workplace violence.
The inadequate reprocessing of endoscopes also moved up the list in 2015, and though it has made the top 10 health technology hazards for six years in a row, recent events have made the issue more relevant than ever, according to ECRI. The problem stems from the fact that reusable surgical devices often require multiple, difficult steps to clean that leave plenty of room for error. Nowhere was this more apparent than in hospitals that recently reported deadly outbreaks of the superbug carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae tied to the use of a hard-to-clean device known as a duodenoscope.
Opioid-related events also made the list for the first time in two years, which reflects that fact that prescriptions and use of these powerful painkillers are on the rise, the report states. The issue has led some hospitals to tighten regulations on use of opioids, FierceHealthcare has reported.
Here's a full list of the top 10 patient safety concerns for 2015:
 1. Alarm hazards: inadequate alarm configuration policies and practices
 3. Managing patient violence
 5. Care coordination events related to medication reconciliation
 6. Failure to conduct double checks independently
 7. Opioid-related events
 8. Inadequate reprocessing of endoscopes and surgical instruments
 9. Inadequate patient handoffs related to patient transport
 10. Medication errors related to pounds and kilograms
To learn more:
- read the report (.pdf)
- here's the announcement


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According to BC Stats:
Small Business is defined as those businesses with fewer than 50 employees plus businesses operated by self-employed individuals without paid help
98% of all businesses in BC are considered small
82% of all small businesses have less than 5 employees
The entire province of BC has 6,700 employers with more than 50 employees
When speaking of property taxes, many politicians look to the idea of differentiating between large and small businesses because they perceive there to be more public support for higher taxes for large business. Although we understand and appreciate the well intended objectives of this proposal, we see a number of difficulties with the concept of creating two business classes from the current one.
It should be understood that property tax is a tax on land and improvement value and is the responsibility of the landowner to pay. When the landowner leases the use of his or her property it is for a net rent and because the tenant is using the property as if they had ownership for the term of the lease they are responsible for all costs associated with the property. That includes property tax and is regardless of the type of tenant renting.
Although the tenant usually pays the property taxes the liability for the tax lies with the land owner. So having a different property tax for small and large businesses will mean that the land owner's property taxes will change dramatically according to the type of tenant she has. Therefore there will be an incentive for the land owner to favour the small business tenant with the lower property taxes. When there is a vacancy some authority will have to determine if a small or large business tax rate is to apply to the property and thus the land owner.
The definition of a small business
A major problem with introducing a small business class is how to define a small business and a 'large business.' Is it measured in terms of total space occupied, gross sales, net assets, profits, number of employees or other factors? A large property may contain one large business or many small businesses. A small property may be one of many small properties owned by one landowners or a pension fund.
If, for example, there are two coffee shops in your neighbourhood and one belongs to a multi-national chain and one is an independent owner. Would it be fair for one to have substantially higher taxes than the other? They may both enjoy the similar sales, the same number of employees and perhaps the same rent. Is the public's interest being served when your neighbourhood encourages small businesses to prosper but ignores the convenience and service of large businesses who may be discouraged to locate locally? Banks, large format grocery stores or restaurant chains for example, might be desired in a neighbourhood for their convenience but may be discouraged by high property taxes.
Big buildings do not necessarily mean big businesses. May multi-story buildings in downtown Vancouver are home to many small businesses.
Consider two otherwise identical high-rise office buildings. One building may be occupied by a single company while the other is occupied by numerous small businesses, each renting a share of a large property. Should one property enjoy lower taxes simply because there are many small tenants rather than one large tenant in the building? If a small business class were to be created, would a retailer that had five small stores still be considered a "small business"?
Equity among small businesses and other businesses
Using square footage or assessed value as a criterion for defining a "small business" would by itself create significant unintended consequences and inequities.
The high occupancy levels we see throughout the City of Vancouver suggests that when small businesses leave or cease to be in business, the space they vacate is subsequently occupied either by other small businesses or by large businesses. Assisting all small businesses does not address the specific impacts on individual businesses.
Businesses provide employment regardless of their size or profitability. They also provide services and goods that are essential to a thriving community. Businesses must also pay for services that are provided by the municipality whether it is police or fire protection or sewers and roads. To require that businesses be responsible for more than a fair share of property taxes can be disastrous to the economic health of a community.


text:
On the Origins of Virtue by Matt Ridley, Viking, ISBN _PHONE_ Reviewed by Laurence Hurst
NATURE is red in tooth and claw. It is hard to see how things could be otherwise, given that it is the fittest who survive. So understanding how natural selection can lead to cooperation, provides evolutionary biology with one of its greatest challenges. Such an understanding is also, Matt Ridley argues in Origins of Virtue, the key to conserving the world's fisheries.
The problem is that cheats can prosper. Fishermen who take more than their quota get something for nothing. But whereas cooperation is rare in animal groups, humans, Ridley notes, are curiously disposed towards it (some fishermen excepted). Humans, Ridley argues, evolved in small groups where reciprocal trading was important, and trust between trading parties a crucial concern.
The thesis is attractive and well supported with evidence drawn from many disciplines....


text:
LEGOLAND Windsor is part of the Merlin Entertainments Group. Opened in 1996, the park extends over 150 acres and is one of four LEGOLAND parks in the world. LEGOLAND Windsor contains over 50 interactive rides, shows and attractions, 11
restaurants and cafes and 7 shops
The requirement was for the supply of both hardware and software for the LEGOLAND theme park in Windsor. LEGOLAND Windsor needed a facility whereby they would be able to monitor the energy used by each isolated ride. As a result, there was a requirement for the installation of data loggers across the park and a system to analyse the collected data.
LEGOLAND Windsor required a system whereby they would be able to:
- Monitor electrical energy data automatically, via an AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) system, which would be capable of expansion
- Analyse energy consumption and observe peak demand
- Create exception reports whereby they would be automatically notified should anomalies arise in the energy data, in turn allowing them to act accordingly
eSight Energy and Enercom worked together to provide the complete solution for LEGOLAND Windsor. A site survey was undertaken to determine the specific requirements across site and a qualified professional assessment was presented to LEGOLAND Windsor along with a fixed price for the programme of works.
Following this Enercom loggers were installed across the site, to supply LEGOLAND Windsor with a thorough breakdown of their energy data.
This half hourly data was then imported back into eSight Energy's energy suite eSight, allowing LEGOLAND Windsor to:
- Examine peak consumption rates and times
- Optimise performance by making energy saving changes and in turn schedule alarms when energy data breached these levels
- Construct and issue energy reports automatically across site


Stabilized Mount
The SPS-P230 stabilizes its payload on two axis (typically pan and tilt). Inside the durable housing, the stable mount includes two gyros and a 3 axis accelerometer. A joystick controller allows the operator to position the platform.
Which Stabilized System Do I Need?
Choosing between our two gyro-stabilized systems can be confusing. The main difference to keep in mind when ordering is that the Stabilized Platform (SPS-P230) is designed to be operated by a person. The Gyro-stabilized Mount (SMS-P233), on the other hand, is engineered to be an automatic, set-and-forget type device.
SPS-P230 Stabilized Platform?
The Watson Stabilized Platform SPS-P230 has two stabilized axes. The system can be adjusted at the factory so that it can be mounted in different orientations, but typically the SPS stabilizes pan and tilt. The system is connected to a joystick controller that allows an operator to move the device to whatever orientation is required. The stable platform is intended to stabilize the payload all the time while it is moved and repositioned by joystick commands.
SMS-P233 Stabilized Mount?
The Watson Stabilized Mount SMS-P233 also has two stabilized axes. This system is intended to keep a payload level, so it is mounted such that it stabilizes against roll and tilt (also called bank and elevation). The SMS is designed so that once it is set up, it will constantly adjust itself to keep level automatically, with no operator input required.
Showing all 2 results


text:
Here in North America, Coleman Fuel (naphtha or "white gas" as it's also called) has been the fuel of choice for camp stoves and lanterns since the dawn of time. It's been so popular that if you go into any old garage you are bound to find a rusty tin container of the fuel under the workbench against the back wall.
According to Frank Schmidt a Senior Project Engineer at The Coleman Company, the fuel was developed in the early 1950's as small motor fuel for lawnmowers, outboard motors as well as an industrial cleaning agent.
The popularity of Coleman Fuel as motor fuel declined in the late 1950's with advancement of other, better fuel technologies but it has since remained the go-to choice for heating camp coffee in the morning.
So what is Coleman Fuel made of? In its simplest form it's a petroleum product either derived from natural gas or distilled from oil, coal tar or peat (partially decayed vegetation matter) due to its high carbon content. It also has a several other chemicals mixed in which include cyclohexane, nonane, octane, heptane, and pentane.
Coleman Fuel is ideal for small stoves and lanterns due to its refined purity and high heat output. It also doesn't give off the black smoke and toxic fumes that regular gasoline or kerosene does.
Though it's almost as flammable as gasoline, don't put it in your car's tank as the lack of some additives will cause engine knocking and eventually destroy your engine valves. Both of those are generally not good things.
How long does Coleman Fuel last before it loses its octane punch? A Coleman rep on a message board said this:
An un-opened container of Coleman Fuel stored in a dry area with no rapid extreme changes in temperature will remain viable for five to seven years. An opened container stored in the same area will remain viable for up to two years though will be at its best if used within a year.
More info on backpacking fuels: fuel.papo-art.com


Disaster in KZN Healthcare
If the KZN health department does not have its budget increased by R1.6 billion on the existing R28 billion it is allocated, elective procedures may need to be put on hold and state hospitals may only provide emergency services, reports The Witness.
"In the event the department received the funds, Zungu said, it would contain costs and use limited resources effectively, strengthen tender processes and identify savings, prevent fraud and corruption and ensure optimal use of its employees. But, if no funding was received, there would be no new employees except for critical posts, there would be delays in infrastructure projects that are under way and they would have to defer the decision to acquire new equipment and vehicles."
The department argues that if it receives additional funding, it would be able to identify savings, contain costs, and use resources effectively. However, the most certain way of forcing the department to identify savings, contain costs and use resources more effectively is to CUT its funding, not give it more money to blow.
This is a vision of what's to come if government goes ahead with the national health scheme. The more government control of the sector grows, the less services will be provided to the public at ever increasing prices.


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Measuring community similarity with phylogenetic networks.
Environmental drivers of biodiversity can be identified by relating patterns of community similarity to ecological factors. Community variation has traditionally been assessed by considering changes in species composition and more recently by incorporating phylogenetic information to account for the relative similarity of taxa. Here, we describe how an important class of measures including Bray-Curtis, Canberra, and UniFrac can be extended to allow community variation to be computed on a phylogenetic network. We focus on phylogenetic split systems, networks that are produced by the widely used median network and neighbor-net methods, which can represent incongruence in the evolutionary history of a set of taxa. Calculating β diversity over a split system provides a measure of community similarity averaged over uncertainty or conflict in the available phylogenetic signal. Our freely available software, Network Diversity, provides 11 qualitative (presence-absence, unweighted) and 14 quantitative (weighted) network-based measures of community similarity that model different aspects of community richness and evenness. We demonstrate the broad applicability of network-based diversity approaches by applying them to three distinct data sets: pneumococcal isolates from distinct geographic regions, human mitochondrial DNA data from the Indonesian island of Nias, and proteorhodopsin sequences from the Sargasso and Mediterranean Seas. Our results show that major expected patterns of variation for these data sets are recovered using network-based measures, which indicates that these patterns are robust to phylogenetic uncertainty and conflict. Nonetheless, network-based measures of community similarity can differ substantially from measures ignoring phylogenetic relationships or from tree-based measures when incongruent signals are present in the underlying data. Network-based measures provide a methodology for assessing the robustness of β-diversity results in light of incongruent phylogenetic signal and allow β diversity to be calculated over widely used network structures such as median networks.


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Details about Who Pooped on the Colorado Plateau?:
Designed to educate and entertain, this charming tale of Michael, Emily, and their family explores the scat and tracks of the Colorado Plateau that covers parts of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.Little Michael is terrified of wild animals, especially mountain lions. His sister Emily enjoys tormenting her little brother. Wildlife can be elusive, and both are disappointed when, at first, they donÂ't encounter many animals in the park. The kids quickly learn, however, that there are animals all around, and these creatures leave behind scat and tracks. Before long, the kids are able to distinguish antelope ground squirrel tracks from mountain lion tracks and coyote scat from desert cottontail scat.Wildlife facts are featured in Â"The Straight PoopÂ" boxes. Colorful illustrations of animals and their scat and tracks supplement this lively tale, and a quick-reference chart at the back will make field identification a breeze!


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Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp)
Cowpea is an annual herb with varying growth forms. It may be erect, trailing, climbing or bushy, usually indeterminate under favourable conditions. It is an important food legume, and its use as leafy vegetable is essential in many African countries. Its ability to withstand drought, short growing period and multi-purpose use make cowpea a very attractive alternative for farmers in marginal, drought-prone areas with low rainfall and less developed irrigation systems.
Cowpea is a higher drought-tolerant crop than many other crops. It can grow under rainfall ranging from 400 to 700 mm per annum. The plants have a great tolerance to waterlogging. Well-distributed rainfall is important for normal growth and development of cowpeas.
Cowpeas grow best in warm conditions. The base temperature for germination is 8.5 °C and for leaf growth 20 °C. The optimum temperature for growth and development is around 30 °C. The crop is not tolerant to cold soils.
Cowpeas are grown on a wide range of soils but the crop shows a preference for sandy soils, which tend to be less restrictive on root growth. It is more tolerant to infertile and acid soils than many other crops. Cowpea can grow in a pH range of 5.6 to 6.5.


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On 6th June Lord Gardiner, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Rural Affairs and Biosecurity, launched a Strategy for UK Forest Genetic Resources at the Future Trees Trust's Supporters Day at Kew's Millennium Seed Bank at Wakehurst. The Strategy has been published by Kew in collaboration with the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Forest Research, Future Trees Trust and Woodland Trust.
Genetic diversity, which is variation in DNA among individuals of the same species, is essential to help tree species survive in the face of climate change and new pests and diseases. It is also a valuable national resource that may be used for producing trees with better productivity or disease resistance in the UK climate.
Produced over a period of two years, and following consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, the Strategy identifies the gaps in knowledge and infrastructure that must be addressed if we are to protect the UK's Forest Genetic Resources (FGR). It prioritises five areas for action:
- Collaboration – building a national forum for sharing information and knowledge on FGR
- Communication – promoting understanding of the value of FGR for trees and people
- New research on where, how much and what type of genetic diversity we have in our trees.
- In situ protection: new conservation action to protect distinct populations of trees
- Ex situ protection: making sure seed from distinct populations of all our tree species are collected and protected, and conservation stands are planted for species whose seeds do not last well.
The Strategy itself is just the start. Next steps are to develop an action plan for taking forward the vision and priority actions outlined in the Strategy.
UK Forest Genetic Resources Strategy
Forest Genetic Resources Strategy


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MEMPHIS, TN (abc24.com) - Mississippi River levels have been steadily declining throughout the summer. Levels have been disastrously low and have fallen within a foot of record lows. Drought is to blame for the decline, but weekend rain in the Mid-South and across the Ohio Valley has been some help.
The Mississippi River levels have risen around two feet on the Memphis gauge. The Army Corps of Engineers measured the river at -7.0 feet and it is forecast to climb another two feet over the next five days. Widespread rain across the Ohio Valley flows into tributaries that lead to the Mississippi River, helping water levels to climb in the Mid-South.
River engineers say that the Mid-South isn't out of the woods yet. River levels could fall again, but proactive measures are being taken to keep the channel open.
Jim Pogue with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Affairs says, "We're in such better shape than we were in 1988. We could probably sustain minus 10.7 and wouldn't see groundings in our part of the river here."
Man-made structures, like dykes, have been introduced to the river. Dykes help guide the river current to prevent sediment from building up on the river floor.
"The dykes help channel the river and speed it up a little. So, you don't get as much sediment that settles. Thus the river stays open," says Pogue.
Mid-South harbors are a different story. Many harbors are shallow and unsafe for navigation. River engineers plan to dredge the harbor at President's Island for the second time next week.


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Circular Profiles in CATIA V5:Circular Profiles plays a vital role in the field of design to draw circular sketches.Circular profiles contains Circle,Three Point Circle,Tri-Tangent Circle etc.By the use of these circles we can sketch a part or a model with the help of a sketch.In this article,I am going to explain about the usage of Circular Profiles in CATIA V5 in a detailed manner.The step by step procedure is to be needed to adopt the usage of Circular Profiles in CATIA V5 and is as follows.
Circular Profiles in CATIA V5-Procedure:
- Out of these 3 types of circles,The first "circle" option is used to draw any type of part in design.The Explanation of Circular Profiles are discussed as follows.
- Circle:Draws the circle of required diameter.
- Three-Point Circle:Draw a straight line with two centers and draw a circle of required diameter.
- Tri-tangent Circle:Draw three lines and select them then there exists Tri-Tangent Circle.
You can also know about:
- How to use Conic Profiles in CATIA V5?
- How to use Predefined Profiles in CATIA V5?
- How to use Line Profiles in CATIA V5?
The detailed explanation about the usage of Circular Profiles in CATIA V5 is shown below in the form of video.
This is the complete explanation about the usage of Circular Profiles in CATIA V5 in a detailed manner. If you have any doubts, feel free to ask from the comments section. Please Share and Like this blog with the whole world so that it can reach to many.


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To draw grids using linear perspective, it is best to start with a square. The diagram above shows a perspective view of a room drawn in one-point perspective. After you have established a horizon line and a vanishing point follow this step by step procedure to create a gridded interior
- Begin by creating a square plane in perspective. Remember that when drawing objects in perspective trust your observation. You will find that when you look at a square in perspective it appears to be a very flat form in space.
- Make marks at equal increments across the bottom edge of the rear wall rectangle. You can use a ruler to mark off equal increments or any regular measurement that you choose (my diagram uses 50 points for each segment).
- Draw a line from the vanishing point through each point until it reaches the edges of your drawing area. Notice that the points where the lines meet the front edge of the drawing area are further apart than the points at the bottom of the rectangle edge.
- Draw a horizontal line across these lines indicating a row of tiles along the back edge of the square space that we are subdividing. This can be done through observation or by using the method used in creating a square in perspective
- Using the back right corner of the space as a starting point, draw a line from the back right corner through the front left corner of the small square and continue the line to the edge of the paper.
- Draw a horizontal line at each point that the diagonal crosses the radiating lines that subdivide the large square. This will create a grid pattern.
This grid system can be carried into walls and ceiling areas to create grids on all planes. This may make it possible to systematically place objects in a space by using the grid on all planes.


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The Hydroclenz (Aquanella) Unit provides constant protection against infestations of pathogenic bacteria in water treatment systems. Immersed in water, the complex integral electrolytic activity of the ceramic media produces constant oxidising, while the noble metal in the form of a fine matrix format produces ionisation. The ionisation of the noble metal is enhanced by the activity of the ceramic media and the combined effect is to act as a powerful disinfectant producing exceptional kill rates against pathogenic bacteria.
The additional benefit is the electrolytic activity of the ceramic media produces a chemical re-action that balances the pH of the water. This results in additional benefits in the form of Scale Inhibition and Corrosion Prevention.


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BACKGROUND: Although around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model. RESULTS: Of 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the risk of occupational AFO by 26%. Exposure to dusts (adjusted PR=1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), biological dusts (1.05; 1.01 to 1.10) and VGDF (1.04; 1.01 to 1.07) showed a significantly increased risk of AFO, however, statistically not significant following multiple testing. There was no significant increase in risk of AFO by duration (years) of exposure in current job. The results were null when restricted to never-smokers and when a bi-pollutant model was used. However, when data was analysed based on the level of exposure (low, medium and high) compared with no exposure, directionally there was increase in risk for those with high exposure to vapours, gases, fumes, mists and VGDF but statistically significant only for vapours. CONCLUSION: High exposure (in current job) to airborne occupational pollutants was suggestive of higher risk of AFO. Future studies should investigate the relationship between lifetime occupational exposures and COPD.
COPD epidemiology, occupational lung disease


Age Lea Gabrielle
age of Lea Gabrielle
age Lea Gabrielle
age: 46
The age of Lea Gabrielle is 46 years old.
Lea Gabrielle is born in 1975-03-19.
1. Where did Lea Gabrielle come from?
While attending Mount Vernon High School in Fairfax County, Virginia, Gabrielle was named a finalist in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search. She is a 1997 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, earning a bachelor of science in mechanical engineering. Entering the active-duty Navy after graduation, Gabrielle attended the U.S. Navy Flight School at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida from 1998 to 2000, earning her Naval Aviator Wings. She is also qualified with an instrument rating and as a commercial pilot.
2. What could we know about Lea Gabrielle besides his age?
She served in the United States Navy for twelve years and was a naval aviator of the single-seat F/A-18 « Hornet, » with combat deployment from USS George Washington. Her call sign as a pilot was « Flower ». Additional duties were as a landing signal officer (LSO) and as a squadron public affairs officer. She also served as an intelligence operations officer during Operation Enduring Freedom, and while in Afghanistan she was embedded with a Navy SEAL unit conducting intelligence operations. She was also a defense foreign liaison officer.
3. What are the projects of Lea Gabrielle?
age of Lea Gabrielle, the age of Lea Gabrielle, Lea Gabrielle age
Style :
🎙 🌍 🎤 🎵 🎹 🔴 🎬


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Screen production and the environmentA major part of the screen production industry relies on the beauty and imagery of dramatic unspoilt natural landscapes. If these landscapes are not protected and cared for, the screen production industry will lose the stunning backdrops for its productions. It is vital that these images relate to reality.
Many of the negative environmental impacts associated with the screen production industry relate to location filming and how production companies treat sites. In many countries, including New Zealand, environmental regulators and/or local authorities have implemented regulations for productions using sites protected for their environmental, historical or cultural importance.
However, negative environmental impacts are not restricted to filming on location. Studio operations also have their own environmental impacts, eg greenhouse gas emissions, even though there may be fewer environmental compliance issues than when filming on location. Often it will be up to the production company to introduce voluntary measures for improving the management of the environmental impacts for studio productions.
The screen production industry has a particular dependency on technical equipment, media and information technology. These have associated environmental impacts but also have the potential to provide and promote solutions to environmental problems.
The availability of film and television to audiences has grown tremendously over the past 50 years. Although entertainment is the main purpose for most films and programmes, screen production has the potential to profoundly influence the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of audiences in their day-to-day lives. Convincing and effective portrayal of environmental and social issues through film and television plays an important role in raising public awareness especially in educational programmes and campaigns of governmental and non-governmental organisations.
Just as the screen industry and broadcast media have been used to promote social change, with respect to the dangers of smoking and drink-driving, better public awareness of environmental issues will lead to positive changes in people's behaviour. It may mean that someone who has never recycled may begin to do so, or somebody else may decide to take the bus instead of the car or purchase 'environmentally friendly' products.


Decoupage the table with their own hands without much difficulty (photo)
Most often, ordinary tables purchased in a store look inconspicuous. This is largely due to the fact that such furniture is manufactured in series, it is intended for mass consumption, piece processing is not done. Nevertheless, this does not mean that you have to be content with nondescript serial production. Decorating the table with your own hands is not at all such a difficult task as it may seem at first glance.
Before you start updating the table, you need to disassemble it: remove the tabletop and unscrew the legs.
An original pattern can be made on the tabletop, for this wedge-shaped parts are often used. It is completely easy to do this: they are cut from sheets of walnut veneer, the edges are processed accordingly, the parts must be tightly pressed against the plywood cover.
In order to make a table decoupage, you need to take into account some features. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the fact that wood has an intricate natural pattern that can be significantly enhanced, making it more vivid and impressive.
As a material for cladding, you can use veneer, which is flexible, it is very thin, which makes it simply indispensable. You can make a beautiful pattern by arranging the veneer pieces in a specific order.
For decoupage the table you will need: acrylic paints, PVA glue, photos, acrylic lacquer, brushes, ruler and acrylic primer.
Particularly beautiful is the decoupage of the table, the table top of which is circular in shape. In order to make a pattern of veneer, a round tabletop provides many possibilities, while the veneer is glued with skin glue. Such work is good because the result is immediately visible, which allows you to make an adjustment. Such tools will be needed:
 1. Hacksaw.
 2. Roulette.
 3. Glue.
 4. Brush.
Features of the decoupage technology
Decoupage was very popular back in the old days, now the fashion for this is coming back. Decoupage the table can be done in such a way that it will resemble a blooming garden. Pictures for such a table can be printed on a color printer, they can be used to decorate the interior of the entire room. The table can be plastered with menu pages, and you can also use labels for wine bottles, which looks very attractive.
Before performing the decoupage, the table must be cleaned with an electric grinder or abrasive paper.
Before making a decoupage of a table that has a wooden cover, it is necessary to thoroughly treat the surface. It must be thoroughly cleaned, it is necessary to get rid of dust and degrease the material, and then apply a primer.
If you use a special primer that does not have color, the texture and color of the wood will be preserved. For decoration, you can use acrylic transparent paint. If we are talking about decorating old furniture, it is better to make a rich decoupage of the table, the intensive use of decor will make such furniture very attractive.
First, the table should be painted in the main shade. Given it, you can create a set of jewelry that will be needed for decoupage the table. In most cases, you only need to decorate the countertops, but you can decorate the entire surface.
All elements need to be covered with several varnish layers, and those parts with decoupage are also covered with varnish. The effect of inlay looks very attractive, for this you need to place the appropriate materials using glue on the side walls of the product.
Decorating the table with your own hands with a mosaic
Decoupage the table can be done with a mosaic, but it should be borne in mind that it can be of different thickness.
And for this you need to use the appropriate glue and moisture-resistant grout.
It should be noted that such a process is impossible without a specific artistic taste. And in what sequence all this is carried out:
 1. The cover must be wiped with alcohol thoroughly.
 2. The entire surface must be sanded with sandpaper.
 3. The mosaic should be placed from the outer edge.
 4. It is necessary to glue the beads and wait until the glue is completely dry.
 5. Divorce is diluted, seams are sealed, everything dries.
 6. The mosaic is wiped with a flannel cloth, which is pre-moistened in vegetable oil.
The beads always help in this matter, since they can be used to fill the space between small and large mosaics. Some people prefer to fill such places with grout, but they should not do this, as aesthetic integrity will be compromised. For this purpose, beads are just perfect, which give the furniture a very attractive appearance.
Every detail must be in the place that is intended for it. The glue on the table top should dry, then it should be cut off, and the veneer should be stripped to the desired state.
In order to make a table decoupage qualitatively, one must also clearly understand the planned end result in the working process. That is, the pattern made on the tabletop must be able to imagine beforehand. Thus, it is possible to eliminate all the shortcomings in a timely manner without much difficulty.
 - Decoupage the table with their own hands without much difficulty (photo)
 High-quality furniture from shields with your own hands
 Furniture from the boards with their own hands. Preparatory work. Full production of a bed from the first to the last step. The time after which you can begin operation.
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From Bicycle South's e-newsletter:
It's Official! 3 Foot Safe Passing Bill Became The Law On July 1st!
Georgia Bikes! and other bicycle advocacy groups were successful this past Georgia Legislative Sesson in getting a Safe Passing Law that requires motorists to maintain at least 3 feet of distance when passing cyclists. Previously, drivers were only required to keep "a safe distance."
Visit the Georgia Bikes! website for more information, but here is a summary of what the Better Bicycling Bill (HB 101) covers:
- Motor vehicles must provide at least three feet of safe passing distance when overtaking a bicyclist
- Cyclists may move to the center of the lane, i.e. take the lane, when surface obstructions, hazards or debris make traveling to the right unsafe
- Cyclists must travel in the direction of traffic while using a designated bicycle lane*
- Bicyclists have the right of way in a designated bicycle lane
- Designated bicycle lanes must be built according to recognized national design standards
* While the new law only specifies that cyclists in bike lanes must travel in the same direction as traffic, bicycles, as vehicles, must abide by all normal vehicular laws. Wrong way travel in any traffic lane is unlawful and unsafe.
The following image illustrates the kind of elbow room the new law protects:
|Photo courtesy of the GA Bikes! website|