San Fratello
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For the horse breed, see San Fratello (horse).
San Fratello
Comune di San Fratello
San Fratello and Filicudi island
San Fratello and Filicudi island
San Fratello is located in Italy
San Fratello
San Fratello
Location of San Fratello in Italy
Coordinates: 38°1′N 14°36′E / 38.017°N 14.600°E / 38.017; 14.600Coordinates: 38°1′N 14°36′E / 38.017°N 14.600°E / 38.017; 14.600
Country Italy
Region Sicily
Province Province of Messina (ME)
 - Mayor Giuseppe Ricca
 - Total 67.1 km2 (25.9 sq mi)
Population (Dec. 2012)
 - Total 3,854
 - Density 57/km2 (150/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 98075
Dialing code 0941
San Fratello (Gallo-Italic: San Frareau, Sicilian: Santu Frateddu, Greek and Latin: Apollonia,[1] Medieval Latin Castrum S. Philadelphi), formerly San Filadelfio, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Palermo and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Messina. San Fratello borders the following municipalities: Acquedolci, Alcara li Fusi, Caronia, Cesarò, Militello Rosmarino, Sant'Agata di Militello.
Its peak of population was in 1921, with 10,094. In the following decade, it lost nearly 20 percent of its population, as people migrated for work to cities and to other countries, such as the United States. As of 31 December 2012, it had a population of 3,854 and an area of 67.1 square kilometres (25.9 sq mi).[2]
The name of San Fratello derives from three pious brothers Alfio, Cirino and Filadelfio. In their honour 10 May of every year is kept a festivity. The village was founded in the 11th century by Adelaide del Vasto, the wife of Roger I, a noble of present-day French Normandy who conquered Sicily. She came to Sicily together with colonists.[3] They introduced their Gallo-Italic dialect, which is still spoken in the village. San Fratello is one of the so-called Oppida Lombardorum of Sicily, settlements established by the Lombards. In addition to their language, they brought Latin Christianity, which gradually replaced the Greek Byzantine religion and Islam.
The territory of the comune is part of the Nebrodi mountains and has had two major landslides of record. The first was in 1754, and a second large one occurred in 1922. On 1–2 October 2009, the province of Messina suffered devastating, widespread mudslides after a sudden heavy rainstorm; scores of residents died.
In February 2010, after a period of large amounts of rain in the Messina region, as a safety precaution, officials evacuated one-third of the population by 14 February. An extensive landslide soon after caused damage to homes in San Fratello and the region.
Demographic evolution[edit]
In the early twentieth century, many people emigrated from Sicily, especially to the United States, for work and other opportunities. From its peak population of 10,094 in 1921, San Fratello lost nearly 20 percent of its population in the next decade. Decline has continued in the rural area as people go to cities to work.
Notable people[edit]
 - Benedict the Moor, was born to African slave parents and freed at birth by their master; the boy grew up here and joined a Franciscan hermitage. He later joined a friary in Palermo. He became known for his exemplary life and was canonized as an Italian saint in 1807. He has been internationally venerated in the Catholic and Lutheran churches.
 - Al Pacino, a 20th–21st century United States actor, is a descendant through his paternal line of immigrants from San Fratello.
 - Bettino Craxi, Italian politician, the first Socialist President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1983 to 1987).
See also[edit]
 3. ^ Lombard colonists came from the Piedmont and Liguria regions in northern Italy, and from Provence in France, who became known as the Lombards, associated with the Norman conquest of Sicily.


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Dating Back to the 5th Century
While the public use of bells dates back to the middle ages, the first recorded use of church bells is often attributed to Paulinus, the bishop of Nola in Campania, Italy, around the 5th century. Historical writings document the appearance of church bells throughout Europe over the course of the next several centuries.
Some of the oldest church bells still in existence are located in and around Europe, including the Bell of St. Patrick in Belfast, Ireland. The earliest bells tend to be square, and constructed of hammered iron plates riveted together. Early church bells were much smaller than bells cast in more recent years. For example, a bell made for the church at Orleans, France in the 11th century was considered large at a weight of 2,600 lbs. By the late 19th century, much larger church bells were being commissioned, such as the 15-ton bell cast for Saint Francis de Sales in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Traveling Bell Foundries
The first church bell foundries were located in monasteries. Eventually a professional business emerged in Europe, and the construction process was perfected and refined. As records indicate the purchase of church bells in areas where no foundries were located, it is believed that many early bell artisans traveled the country, setting up temporary foundries as needed. Learn more about Verdin's unique Bell Foundry on Wheels.
The impact of church bells throughout history extends from their community and religious use to the influence they have on church architecture. Some of the most beautiful towers in the world were constructed to house church bells.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Learning about larceny: experience can bias bumble bees to rob nectar
AffiliationUniv Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol
MetadataShow full item record
CitationBarker, J.L., Dornhaus, A., Bronstein, J.L. et al. Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2018) 72: 68. _URL_
Rights© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Collection InformationThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at _EMAIL_.
AbstractHow do nectar-feeding animals choose among alternative flower-handling tactics? Such decisions have consequences not only for animal fitness (via food intake) but for plant fitness as well: many animals can choose to "rob" nectar through holes chewed in the base of a flower instead of "legitimately" collecting it through the flower's opening, thus failing to contact pollen. Although variation within a species in these nectar-foraging tactics is well documented, it is largely unknown why some individuals specialize (at least in the short term) on robbing, others on legitimate visitation, and others switch between these behaviors. We investigated whether the tendency to rob nectar through previously-made holes (secondary robbing) is influenced by prior foraging experience. In a laboratory experiment, we trained groups of bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) either to visit artificial flowers legitimately or to secondary-rob; a third group received no training. On subsequent visits to flowers, all bees had the opportunity to use either foraging tactic. We found that experience did affect bees' tendency to secondary-rob: trained bees were more likely to adopt the tactic they had previously experienced. Untrained bees initially sampled both tactics, but over time preferred to secondary-rob. Experience also increased bees' success at gaining nectar from flowers, but only when visiting flowers legitimately (the less preferred tactic). Overall, these findings highlight the importance of experience in animals' choices of alternative handling tactics while foraging and help explain long-standing observations of variation in nectar-robbing behavior among individuals of the same population. Significance statement Animals that can adopt alternative behaviors frequently use only one of them. A widespread but little understood example of this is nectar feeding, in which foragers can choose between "legitimately" collecting nectar through a flower's opening or "robbing" nectar via holes chewed through a flower's base. We showed in a laboratory experiment that prior foraging experience can bias bumble bees' choices to rob nectar from pre-existing holes (i.e., to "secondary"-rob). Initial exposure to flowers that could only be robbed or only be legitimately visited increased bees' tendency to subsequently adopt that behavior at the expense of sampling the alternative behavior, even when other bees seemed to prefer the alternative. These results help explain field observations that bees often specialize on a single nectar-collecting behavior and that there is individual variation in which behavior is adopted, contributing to our understanding of nectar robbing from the animals' perspective.
Note12 month embargo; published online: 29 March 2018
VersionFinal accepted manuscript
SponsorsNational Institutes of Health [5K12GM000708-13]; National Science Foundation [DEB-_PHONE_, DEB-_PHONE_, IOS-_PHONE_, IOS-_PHONE_]; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies-Marie Curie COFUND Fellowship

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Your question: Which is the biggest and smallest county in Kenya?
We base our ranking on the square kilometers coverage as per the National records as stipulated in the 2010 constitution that led to the establishment of Kenyan counties. Mombasa County is the smallest county in Kenya spanning 212.5 square kilometres.
Which is the largest county in Kenya?
Which is the smallest county in Kenya?
Map of Mombasa County. The smallest county in Kenya, covering an area of 229.7sq km. It borders Kilifi County to the North, Kwale County to the South West and the Indian Ocean to the East.
Which is the smallest county?
If we go by the historic counties list, Rutland is indeed the smallest with a total area of 382 sq km (147.4 sq miles), according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
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Which is the third largest county in Kenya?
In 3rd is Wajir situated in the North-Eastern part of Kenya. The county is bordered by Garissa to the South, Mandera to the North, Ethiopia to the North East, Marsabit to the West, and Somalia to the East. Wajir has an estimated surface area of 56, 685.8 square kilometers.
Which is the second biggest county in Kenya?
With its capital in Lodwar, the County Government of Turkana is a government for the people of Turkana and whose interests and aspirations are those for the people of Turkana. At 77,000 sq. km, Turkana County is the second largest county, covering more than 13% of Kenya's surface.
Which is the second smallest county in Kenya?
Vihiga County
The western county of Vihiga is the second smallest county in Kenya. It covers 513.3 square kilometres. Vihiga Town is the county headquarters. Approximately 554,622 people reside in this second smallest town.
Which is the most educated tribe in Kenya?
Which is the oldest town in Kenya?
Lamu Town on Lamu Island is Kenya's oldest continually inhabited town, and was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa. It is believed to have been established in 1370.
Which tribe is good in bed in Kenya?
Maasai men are ranked the best in regards to bedroom energy. Their strength, energy and masculinity makes them perform exemplary, beating all other men in the country.
READ You asked: How do you print the second largest element in an array?
What are the 3 largest counties in England?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rank County Area
1 Yorkshire 3,669,510 acres (14,850.0 km2)
2 Lincolnshire 1,663,850 acres (6,733.4 km2)
3 Devon 1,636,450 acres (6,622.5 km2)
4 Norfolk 1,292,300 acres (5,230 km2)
Is a city bigger than a county?
A county is larger in population than any one city that is within the county. … Cities lie within a county, within a state. A county is geographically created for political purposes within a state.
Which county is the largest in size?
List of largest counties
Rank County State
1 San Bernardino County California
2 Coconino County Arizona
3 Nye County Nevada
4 Elko County Nevada
Which is the cleanest city in Kenya?
Real-time Kenya Cleanest city ranking
# city US AQI
1 Ngong, Kajiado 58
2 Nairobi, Nairobi 61
3 Mombasa, Mombasa 159
Which is the largest city in Kenya?
Nairobi is the capital and the largest city of Kenya.
Which is the fastest growing town in Kenya?
Located to the south of the Cherangani Hills in western Kenya, Eldoret is the fifth largest urban center in the country. It is one of the fastest-growing towns in Kenya, and it boasts some of the largest universities and hospitals in the country.
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TitleProspective prediction of major depressive disorder from cortisol awakening responses in adolescence.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2010
AuthorsAdam, EK, Doane LD, Zinbarg RE, Mineka S, Craske MG, Griffith JW
Date Published2010 Jul
KeywordsAdolescent, Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Wakefulness
Levels of the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol increase dramatically in the first 30-40min after waking, an effect known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). There is considerable cross-sectional evidence that psychosocial stress is associated with an increased CAR, and the CAR has been found to be altered in the presence of stress-related diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD). To date, no prospective longitudinal studies have examined whether individual differences in the CAR serve as a premorbid risk factor for MDD. In a sample of 230 late adolescents, clinical diagnoses of MDD were predicted from the CAR as well as other indicators of basal cortisol functioning gathered 1 year earlier, including: waking cortisol levels, bedtime cortisol levels, the size of the CAR, average cortisol, and the slope of the diurnal cortisol rhythm across the waking day. Age and gender, health and health behaviors, baseline neuroticism, exposure to stressful life events and past episodes of mood and anxiety disorders were included as covariates, to help ensure effects are attributable to the CAR rather than related variables. A higher baseline CAR was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing MDD by follow-up, even when excluding individuals with baseline MDD. No other baseline cortisol measures were significant prospective predictors of MDD. In summary, the CAR is a significant prospective risk factor for the development of MDD in young adults, providing some support for the possibility that a heightened CAR may play a role in the etiology of major depressive disorder.
Alternate JournalPsychoneuroendocrinology


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Below is an extract from the Terms of Reference. The full Terms of Reference, including annexes, are available to download on the Ministry of Education website.
View full Terms of Reference.
Read the Cabinet paper seeking agreement to the Terms of Reference.
Outcome | Putanga
The review of Tomorrow's Schools will focus on the changes we need to make to governance, management and administration in education to ensure the fitness of the school system to meet the challenges we face, and to achieve equity and excellence.
The Taskforce is expected to provide its recommendations on the future arrangements for schooling in New Zealand to the Minister of Education by 9 November 2018.
Scope | Awhe
The review will cover the provision of compulsory schooling for children and young people aged 5-19 years (or 21 years for learners with high needs), with a focus on a system that promotes equity and excellence for all NZ children and young people.
The review is limited to the state and state-integrated schooling system and relevant education agencies, but may take into account how the governance, management and administration of the schooling system impacts on the opportunities for employer engagement, the secondary-tertiary interface, transition to tertiary study and work, and transition from early learning to schooling.
The review will be broad-based and not constrained in its thinking, but should explore the following key themes:
- The ability of governance, management and administration of the schooling system to respond to the education needs of the future;
- The ability of schools to respond flexibly to their local communities and the need to balance this with every child's right to a responsive education at their local school, regardless of where they live;
- The roles of governance, management and administration in schools, and how they could better support equity and inclusion in the educational progress and outcomes for all children throughout their schooling;
- Giving active expression to te Tiriti o Waitangi by exploring the impact of the governance, management and administrative system on the ability of schools to meet the needs of all Māori students and assessing its effectiveness for Māori medium students.
- The environment within which schools operate, including the roles of the Ministry, ERO, NZQA, Education Council and NZSTA in supporting schools (and the yet to be established Education Advisory Service and the Leadership Council).
Operation | Whakahaere
The Taskforce will lead the review by:
- Providing independent advice on the future arrangements for the governance, management and administration of schooling in New Zealand beyond 2020 to meet the needs of all New Zealanders;
- Consulting widely to gather a representative spectrum of stakeholder views, including children and young people,(especially those for whom the current system is not effective), the teaching profession, parents, whānau, iwi and Pasifika communities, leaders and employers, and capturing these views in the final report;
- Evaluating the environment within which schools operate, including the roles of the Ministry, ERO, NZQA, Education Council and NZSTA in supporting schools and whether these continue to be fit for purpose;
- Considering how schools interact with social and wider government services;
- Basing its advice on best practice, insight and sound evidence; and
- Evaluating the relative efficiencies and effectiveness of proposed changes and the potential impacts of change for children, schools and their communities.


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The high public profile of the Burrup Peninsula rock art site In the Pilbara region of Western Australia has been instrumental in securing research funding to create a rock art research data base. The research project being conducted by the University of Western Australia (UWA) Rock Art Research institute, with sponsorship from Rio Tinto, is likely to make a significant contribution to Aboriginal cultural heritage in the Pilbara. It will have value throughout the region assessing the significance of rock art and serving as a research data base (_URL_ ).
The Burrup's highly significant rock art has been the centre of public attention for many years now. The Burrup Peninsula is a major engine house for the Australian economy with significant industries including iron ore, natural gas, salt and fertilizer. There are big players involved such as Woodside and Rio Tinto. Their public profile and business interests make them key stakeholders in current and future resource developments that will impact on Aboriginal heritage sites. A positive public image on Aboriginal cultural heritage is in their best interest. Large scale developments, starting in the 1980s under less rigorous heritage regimes, have been the source of much controversy over the preceding years. The significance of the Burrup was never fully realised at the early stage of development (_URL_
There is little surprise then, that rock art research in places like the Burrup can attract the type of Government protection and industry sponsored support that it does. Entered on the National Heritage Register, and with research projects financed by Rio Tinto and Woodside, the future of the Burrup rock art appears sound after years of doubt. Rock art is at the forefront of public perceptions of Aboriginal heritage. This can be seen by the huge growth in popularity of Aboriginal art in recent years. A recent press article on rock art funding saw it printed in the arts section of The Australian newspaper, indicating the public associate rock art with the arts rather than archaeology or Aboriginal heritage (_URL_ Such is the popularity of rock art that the National Trust of Australia (WA) web site sees it as not just Indigenous heritage but Australian heritage commenting, 'It is also important to note that National Heritage Listing of the Dampier Archipelago recognised the existence of heritage values for all Australians, and that it was not simply an indigenous (sic) heritage matter' (_URL_ This could be interpreted as an appropriation of Aboriginal culture into settler culture, however wider community interest may lead to a more secure future for the Aboriginal cultural heritage on the Burrup.
If the popularity with Aboriginal culture through admiration of rock art can translate into research funding, as has been the case with Burrup rock art, then perhaps the same could apply for open site artefact scatters. Little is mentioned in the public arena of the open sites on the Burrup which coexist with the rock art. The two archaeological sites are not independent of each other but co-exist and are part of the same cultural landscape. It is argued open sites may have more to tell us about ancient Aboriginal people than rock shelters (Ryan and Morse 2009:6). Industry sponsored archaeological research is unusual in the Pilbara. Most archaeology is focused on statutory clearances requirements for mining developments. Consultant archaeologists, working under significant time restraints, primarily do site surveys and salvage prior to site destruction. This provides little information as to changes in the archaeological record over time and therefore insights into ancient Aboriginal peoples (Morse 2009:1-5; Marwick 2009:24).
Recent discoveries of Pilbara rock shelters with archaeological evidence proving occupation around 35, 000 BP give us an insight into the antiquity of the Pilbara (Law et al 2010:68-71). Open sites are the dominant archaeological site in the Pilbara, yet they have a much lower public profile than rock art sites. By researching open site artefact usage using residue analysis, excavation methods identifying stratified artefact deposits, and radiocarbon dating, it may be possible to gain significant insight into ancient Aboriginal lifestyles (Ryan and Morse 2009:6-15). Industry sponsored research into open archaeological sites would be a welcome contribution, complimenting the rock art research of the Burrup and rock shelter research already undertaken, making for a more regional approach to Aboriginal cultural heritage research.
Three research avenues into rock art, rock shelters and open sites would complement each other and improve our understanding of past human occupation of the Pilbara. Financing this type of research may be harder for mining company executives to sell to shareholders, due to the lower public profile of stone artefacts. The popularity of Aboriginal art make selling the idea of funding research into rock art an easier option. However, the effort should be made to educate shareholder opinion of the need to broaden the scope of research funding. The benefits to the companies would be in improved relations with traditional owners that could facilitate smoother and faster negotiations over developments and native title interests.
The current review of the Aboriginal Heritage Act (WA) 1978 could be an opportune time for Indigenous parties to propose the inclusion of research in mining industry clearances. The more knowledge gained of Aboriginal Indigenous heritage only enhances the significance and value of contemporary Aboriginal community interest in country. There may be no short term gain in it for the Aboriginal community but it could strengthen their native title claim (Goodwin 2005:74-83). Indigenous participation in this work would be essential, complimenting mining company's policies towards Indigenous employment opportunities. If the mining companies are truly committed to enhancing Aboriginal heritage, as they often speak about in their Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) policies, then a more consistent approach to research sponsorship should be considered. Aboriginal culture is growing in popularity and awareness with the wider community, offering public relation incentives for mining companies to see value in promoting all aspects of Aboriginal culture.
The Age 2008 Garret steps in to protect ancient Pilbara rock art from mining. Retrieved 29 August 2012 from _URL_
The Australian 2012 Rio funds Pilbara rock art studies. Retrieved 29th August 2012 from _URL_
Goodwin, L. 2005 Everyday archaeology: archaeological heritage management and its relationship to native title in development-related processes. Australian Aboriginal Studies 1:74-83.
Law, W. B. and D. N. Cropper and F. Petchey 2010 Djadjiling Rockshelter: 35 000 c Years of Aboriginal Occupation in the Pilbara, Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 70:68-71.
Morse, K. 2009 Emerging from the abyss-archaeology in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 44:1-5.
National Trust of Australia (WA) 2007 News update 25th July 2007. Retrieved 29th August 2012 from _URL_
Rio Tinto 2012 Burrup Conservation Agreement. Retrieved 29th August 2012 from _URL_
Ryan, I. and K. Morse 2009 Towards a Late Holocene archaeology of the Inland Pilbara. Archaeology in Oceania 44:6-15.


set the seed for the noise generation in the receiver so that we can reproduce the same results.
hrx.SeedSource = 'Property';
hrx.Seed = 2007;
rx_pulses = zeros(numel(fast_time_grid),num_pulse_int); % pre-allocate
for m = 1:num_pulse_int
 [ant_pos,ant_vel] = step(hantplatform,1/prf); % Update antenna position
 x = step(hwav); % Generate pulse
 [s, tx_status] = step(htx,x); % Transmit pulse
 for n = 3:-1:1 % For each target
 [tgt_pos(:,n),tgt_vel(:,n)] = step(...
 htargetplatform{n},1/prf); % Update target position
 [tgt_rng(n), tgt_ang(:,n)] = rangeangle(...
 tgt_pos(:,n), ant_pos); % Calculate range/angle
 tsig(:,n) = step(hradiator,... % Radiate toward target
 tsig(:,n) = step(htargetchannel{n},...
 ant_vel,tgt_vel(:,n)); % Propagate pulse
 rsig(:,n) = step(htarget{n},tsig(:,n)); % Reflect off target
 rsig = step(hcollector,rsig,tgt_ang); % Collect all echoes
 rx_pulses(:,m) = step(hrx,... % Receive signal and form
 rsig,~(tx_status>0)); % data matrix
Range Detection
Detection Threshold
The detector compares the signal power to a given threshold. In radar applications, the threshold is often chosen so that the Pfa is below a certain level. In this case, we assume the noise is white Gaussian and the detection is noncoherent. Since we are also using 10 pulses to do the pulse integration, the signal power threshold is given by
npower = noisepow(noise_bw,hrx.NoiseFigure,hrx.ReferenceTemperature);
threshold = npower * db2pow(npwgnthresh(pfa,num_pulse_int,'noncoherent'));
We plot the first two received pulses with the threshold
num_pulse_plot = 2;
The threshold in these figures is for display purpose only. Note that the second and third target returns are much weaker than the first return because they are farther away from the radar. Therefore, the received signal power is range dependent and the threshold is unfair to targets located at different ranges.
Matched Filter
The matched filter offers a processing gain which improves the detection threshold. It convolves the received signal with a local, time-reversed, and conjugated copy of transmitted waveform. Therefore, we must specify the transmitted waveform when creating our matched filter. The received pulses are first passed through a matched filter to improve the SNR before doing pulse integration, threshold detection, etc.
matchingcoeff = getMatchedFilter(hwav);
hmf = phased.MatchedFilter(...
[rx_pulses, mfgain] = step(hmf,rx_pulses);
The matched filter introduces an intrinsic filter delay so that the locations of the peak (the maximum SNR output sample) are no longer aligned with the true target locations. To compensate for this delay, in this example, we will move the output of the matched filter forward and pad the zeros at the end. Note that in real system, because the data gets connected continuously, there is really no end of it.
matchingdelay = size(matchingcoeff,1)-1;
rx_pulses = buffer(rx_pulses(matchingdelay+1:end),size(rx_pulses,1));
The threshold is then increased by the matched filter processing gain.
threshold = threshold * db2pow(mfgain);
The following plot shows the same two pulses after they pass through the matched filter.
After the matched filter stage, the SNR is improved. However, because the received signal power is dependent on the range, the return of a close target is still much stronger than the return of a target farther away. Therefore, as the above figure shows, the noise from a close range bin also has a significant chance of surpassing the threshold and shadowing a target farther away. To ensure the threshold is fair to all the targets within the detectable range, we can use a time varying gain to compensate for the range dependent loss in the received echo.
To compensate for the range dependent loss, we first calculate the range gates corresponding to each signal sample and then calculate the free space path loss corresponding to each range gate. Once that information is obtained, we apply a time varying gain to the received pulse so that the returns are as if from the same reference range (the maximum detectable range).
range_gates = prop_speed*fast_time_grid/2;
htvg = phased.TimeVaryingGain(...
rx_pulses = step(htvg,rx_pulses);
Now let's plot the same two pulses after the range normalization
The time varying gain operation results in a ramp in the noise floor. However, the target return is now range independent. A constant threshold can now be used for detection across the entire detectable range.
Notice that at this stage, the threshold is above the maximum power level contained in each pulse. Therefore, nothing can be detected at this stage yet. We need to perform pulse integration to ensure the power of returned echoes from the targets can surpass the threshold while leaving the noise floor below the bar. This is expected since it is the pulse integration which allows us to use the lower power pulse train.
Noncoherent Integration
We can further improve the SNR by noncoherently integrating (video integration) the received pulses.
rx_pulses = pulsint(rx_pulses,'noncoherent');
After the video integration stage, the data is ready for the final detection stage. It can be seen from the figure that all three echoes from the targets are above the threshold, and therefore can be detected.
Range Detection
Finally, the threshold detection is performed on the integrated pulses. The detection scheme identifies the peaks and then translates their positions into the ranges of the targets.
[~,range_detect] = findpeaks(rx_pulses,'MinPeakHeight',sqrt(threshold));
The true ranges and the detected ranges of the targets are shown below:
true_range = round(tgt_rng)
range_estimates = round(range_gates(range_detect))
true_range =
 2001 3533 3845
range_estimates =
 2025 3550 3850
Note that these range estimates are only accurate up to the range resolution (50 m) that can be achieved by the radar system.
In this example, we designed a radar system based on a set of given performance goals. From these performance goals, many design parameters of the radar system were calculated. The example also showed how to use the designed radar to perform a range detection task. In this example, the radar used a rectangular waveform. Interested readers can refer to Waveform Design to Improve Performance of an Existing Radar System for an example using a chirp waveform.
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Reports on September 11, 2001
Officially called the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, but also known as the Kean Commission, this panel held a hearing on the emergency response to the 2001 attacks and devoted a chapter of their much-read final report to the performance of the FDNY, NYPD and other rescue agencies.
This report was commissioned by the FDNY to look into the September 11 response
An agency of the Commerce Department, NIST was charged by Congress with the task of producing a detailed engineering study of the collapses on September 11. They also explored how building occupants and emergency responders performed.
Fire statistics by year, month and borough
To read more FDNY publications, please click here.
Reports on other firefighter fatalities
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health investigates many firefighter fatalities. While NIOSH reports do not name the deceased or their department, the date and nature of the incidents make it clear which deaths are being described, including the following FDNY fatalities:
A federal report on this disaster
Report on firefighter fatalities in 2010
Several reports on trends and patterns in deaths of firefighters
Collects first-hand reports from firefighters who avoided death or serious injury.
National project to
reduce firefighter fatalities collects incident stories and promotes policy.
IAFF's Line of Duty Death Database


Building Family Resilience
COVID-19 has had a major impact on families including job loss, reduced incomes, and online schooling.
'Building Family Resilience' was the theme for this week's Wellness Wednesdays, an initiative of the Division of Health, Wellness and Family Development (DHWFD).
Earlier today, DHWFD staffers, Senior Social Worker Nicola Carrington and Business Development Officer Jason Nancis, spoke on Tobago Channel 5's Rise and Shine about the pandemic's impact on wellness including a lack of socialization and, for some, a lack of resources.
A lot of persons would have experienced a sense of isolation. What this has done is make a lot of people feel withdrawn, hopeless, and it basically changed the way we started viewing other persons. A lot of people had to return to living with their parents and that changes the structure and dynamic of the family," said Carrington.
Apart from social changes, the health representatives also highlighted the economic effect of the pandemic. Nancis indicated that families had to move towards making the necessary shifts.
We have got to change or adapt some of the things we're accustomed doing into what we can now do, and that includes our finances. So, persons who may have lost their job, may not be able to afford going to the grocery every Friday, or the lavish meals, or the frivolities, the pizzas and the fried foods. So we really need to examine now, how do we separate needs from wants," said Nancis.
According to Carrington, families that bounce back after a crisis such as job loss or death, are showing resilience. She encouraged parents to lead by example as children are well aware of family dynamics.


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Just wondering if anyone has an example of communicating from console app to windows form or vice versa. Thanks
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What do you mean my communicating? Passing data to each other, calling methods remotely? Are both on a machine or are they to communicate via network communication? – jlafay Jul 22 '10 at 14:16
Are they even different processes, or you just mean, e.g., reading from the console and writing to a form? – Mau Jul 22 '10 at 14:17
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I'd try with Inter-Process Communication mechanisms (IPCs) or with writing/reading temp files. It depends on your application.
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What form of communication are you talking about?
Information can be written to and read from a flat text file, XML files, a database etc.
There could be direct communication via sockets.
Or are you talking about one application "controlling" the other in some way?
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text:
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique for studying chemical species that have one or more unpaired electrons, such as organic and inorganic free radicals or inorganic complexes possessing a transition metal ion.
How does it work?The basic physical concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but it is electron spins that are excited instead of spins of atomic nuclei. Because most stable molecules have all their electrons paired, the EPR technique is less widely used than NMR. However, this limitation to paramagnetic species also means that the EPR technique is one of great specificity, since ordinary chemical solvents and matrices do not give rise to EPR spectra.
EPR spectroscopy is used in various branches of science, such as chemistry and physics, for the detection and identification of free-radicals and paramagnetic centres such as F centres. EPR is a sensitive, specific method for studying both radicals formed in chemical reactions and the reactions themselves. Medical and biological applications of EPR also exist.
Although radicals are very reactive, and so do not normally occur in high concentrations in biology, special reagents have been developed to spin-label molecules of interest. These reagents are particularly useful in biological systems. Specially-designed nonreactive radical molecules can attach to specific sites in a biological cell, and EPR spectra can then give information on the environment of these so-called spin-label or spin-probes.
Characterisation of metallo-proteins; examining structure and electronic parameters; examining structure-function relationships; in-vivo detection of free-radical intermediates; effects of complex metal additions on biological materials; high sensitivity measurements on the effects of operating environment (pH, molecular motion, charge).
Sample Handling Requirements:
Solids, liquid, gases, metals, ceramics, polymers, biological
Dr Ian Hancox, 024 76 150380 email i dot hancox at warwick dot ac dot uk.
Typical results format, and sample:
|Warwick collect/analyse data|
|Warwick collect data|
|Available to user with expertise/ contribution|
|Spare capacity for collaborative research|


text:
In 1881, David Gestetner invented the first stencil copier. It was the earliest form of mechanically duplicating a printed image. It was based on the principle of punching small holes through a thin woven paper so ink could pass through to form an image.
A later version contained a small rotating stylus which Gestetner called a 'cyclostyle'. The needle drew onto delicate wax paper without breaking the surface. A hinged printing frame was then inked by hand for each copy that was required.
Factory in Tottenham
As Gestetner's invention became a success, his business grew. A factory was established in Tottenham which employed 6000 people. The factory remained open until the 1970s when it relocated to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. Gestetner is now a hugely successful international corporation, supplying office equipment and services throughout the world.
Museum number L149


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Early Bird/Late Bird
All K-2 classes at Rheem are on a split schedule. This schedule has the effect of reducing class size since it allows the teacher to spend the first hour of the day with half the class (the Early Birds), and the last hour of the day with the other half (the Late Birds)
For the first few weeks of school all students come as Early Birds to allow the teacher to decide upon the most appropriate groupings. Parents are notified when the split schedule is ready to start. Visit the Bell Schedule Page for specific times and dates.


text:
The 2-line display scientific calculator combines statistics and advanced scientific functions and is a durable and affordable calculator for the classroom. The 2-Line display helps students explore math and science concepts in the classroom.
- 2-Line Display: Shows entries on the top line and results on the bottom line.
- Scrolling: Entry line (top) shows up to 11 characters and can scroll left/right up to 88. Result line (bottom) shows up to a 10-digit answer and 2-digit exponent.
- Previous entry: Lets you review previous entries and look for patterns.
- Menus: Allows you to select settings appropriate for your classroom needs.
- Allows operations with fractions and mixed numbers.
- 2-Variable statistics: Enter/delete/insert/edit individual statistical data elements.
- Conversions: Fractions/Decimals, Degrees/Radians/Grads, DMS/Decimal/Degrees
- Recognizes Pi as a symbol in radian mode.
- Basic scientific and trigonometric functions
Texas Instruments TI-30XIIS 2 Line Dual-Power Scientific Calculator


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Gabuiel BANU
Kala Lagaw Ya people
Boigu (Island) Torres Strait, Australia 1940 – 2003
Gainau [Pigeon] headdress [Torres Strait headdress: Pigeon] 1996 Description: headress - green exterior, with yellow interior, With white/yellow pigeon, string from wing tips to front of headress, joining with wooden bead, wings with hinges for movement.
Place made: Waiben (Thursday Island), Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia
Materials & Technique: sculptures, headdresses, mixed media
Dimensions: 42.0 h x 36.0 w x 33.0 d cm
Acknowledgement: Purchased 1996
Accession No: NGA 96.1098
 - This is a Pigeon headdress from the Torres Strait Islands. The fabrication of headdresses is an important part of the continuation of Torres Strait Islander cultural practices. The tradition of making headdresses and dance masks for ceremonies in the Torres Strait goes back 1000s of years. While in the past only natural materials such as wood, turtle shell, fibre and natural pigment were used, nowadays plywood, nylon fishing line, chicken feathers and enamel paints are regularly used. This is the Torres Strait Pigeon, a migratory bird that travels between the Torres Strait and northern Australia. The headdress is operated by pulling the string to flap both wings, imitating the movements of a pigeon in flight.
 Gabuiel Banu was born on Boigu Island in the Torres Strait Islands and spent his childhood fishing, gardening and learning about his family and culture. He was taught to make headdresses by his father and in turn he has passed on this skill to his family. His work observes the Torres Strait Islander tradition of making headdresses and serves as a role model for younger people to keep alive this important cultural practice.
 Text © National Gallery of Australia, Canberra


text:
Definition of Et al
1. Adverb. And others ('et al.' is used as an abbreviation of 'et alii' (masculine plural) or 'et aliae' (feminine plural) or 'et alia' (neuter plural) when referring to a number of people). "The data reported by Smith et al."
2. Adverb. And elsewhere (used when referring to other occurrences in a text).
Et Al Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Et Al Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Et Al
Literary usage of Et al
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Scienceby American Association for the Advancement of Science by American Association for the Advancement of Science (1883)
"Henle, W., et al.: Differential reactivity of human serums with early antigens... Hydrogen atom and its reactions in solution, The, WA Pryor et al.,..."
2. Supreme Court Reporter by Robert Desty, United States Supreme Court, West Publishing Company (1922)
"Howard HECKERMAN et al., etc. Nov. 22, 1920. Appeal from the District Court of... The CITY OF DALLAS et al. Nov. 22, 1920. Mr. Francis Marion Etheridge,..."
3. South Eastern Reporter by West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, West Publishing Company, South Carolina Supreme Court (1922)
"641) SWARTZ et al. v. KAY et al. (No. 4153.) (Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. Nov. 29, 1921...."
4. Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses: Final Report edited by Joyce C Laslof, Marguerite Knox, John D Baldeschwieler (1997)
"Gasser, RA, Magill, AJ, Oster, CN, et al., "The Threat of Infectious Disease in Americans Returning from Operation Desert Storm," New England Journal of..."


windows explorer. Says file is invalid.
 I've downloaded it several times, same error every time.
 I'll see if I can find another utility to try.
 - vote
 Okay, curious problem here – downloads fine on Firefox, fails on IE. The file saved from IE is missing the header, the one saved from Firefox is complete. Sounds like a problem with my web host.
 It will work if you use Firefox, alternatively i'll be happy to e-mail you the working ZIP file.
 2. vote
 Great program.
 I have managed to implement it. I do have one question though: when running the program is there a way to prevent the nodes disappearing off the screen when the algorithm starts. It only seems do do it when there are a lot of nodes and i cant seem to figure out how to always make the nodes central to paint screen.
 Also have you had a look at and what are your views on this program and how it differs to yours?
 - vote
 Thanks, Eaxrl1 🙂
 Due to the initial, random placement of the nodes when the algorithm starts, the first few cycles of the simulation result in very rapid movements as the forces compete and begin to reach equilibrium; it's natural for clusters of nodes to push away from the rest of the diagram during this initial phase, since the forces acting on them are greater than on the others.
 There are a few solutions you could look at. You could change the initial placement of the nodes so they follow a more uniform distribution. For diagrams with large numbers of nodes, you could increase the spacing between them (by increasing the bounds that the random placements are restricted to). You could also look at modifying the constants for attraction, repulsion, damping and spring length – the default values I provided are optimised for diagrams with a smaller number of nodes. Finally, you could simply shift the rendering origin each time you display the diagram – in my implementation, this is done only after the layout is finished, but it could be done after each iteration.
 The link you provided shows an implementation that is not all that different to mine. The underlying principles are certainly the same, and his videos simply show what I described earlier; with a shifting origin during rendering. He's confined himself to the simple case where he's only drawing trees; more complex diagrams are possible (with both implementations, if some tweaking were done), where each node could be connected to several other nodes. But, yeah, a very similar implementation.
 3. vote
 Cheers Bradley,
 I will have a go at shifting the rendering origin if i can figure out how. I am very new to programming so learning as i go. I am using the force-directed algorithm concept as part of a much bigger program of random discontinuous fibres embedded in a cell (think loft insulation or textile materials). So your program is very useful, got a long way to go though.
 - vote
 That sounds like quite an exciting application for the algorithm; using it for its basis in physics rather than simply taking advantage of the physics for more mundane purposes 🙂
 You can center the origin during each iteration by making one simple change to the Arrange() method in the Diagram class; you just need to move this block of code (at the bottom of the method):
 // center the diagram around the origin
 Rectangle logicalBounds = GetDiagramBounds();
 Point midPoint = new Point(logicalBounds.X + (logicalBounds.Width / 2), logicalBounds.Y + (logicalBounds.Height / 2));
 foreach (Node node in mNodes) {
 node.Location -= (Size)midPoint;
 …into the loop immediately above it (just before the exit conditions).
 4. vote
 Ha, well that was simple, now i feel a bit dense.
 Once again thanks i would have ended up spending a lot of time figuring it out. If i manage to get the program working i will upload a video. Thanks
 5. vote
 I had a go with your source in ANIMATE mode and was a bit curious why the graphs all seem to move towards the top left then back to the center, when there is no initial momentum in the system to make things move (on average) at all. I reviewed the code and found that you are consistently using the Math.Tanh method (hyperbolic tanget), where you really need to be using Math.Atan (arc tangent) or better yet Math.Atan2 so you can remove all of the angle range checks. Upon making these changes, the graphs almost always stay in the visible area of the canvas and the center of gravity stays near the middle. The final layouts also seem more intuitive (to me anyway), considering the forces you are modelling.
 Really nice work – I've always had a desire to play with force-directed placement and your project is a great starting point. I've begun to add some simulated-annealing effects to solve the local minimum issue that often arise in systems like these.
 - vote
 Thanks a lot for the tips – it's always great to get feedback from someone who is a little stronger in their mathematics than I am 🙂 I'm quite curious to implement those changes and see the results for myself!
 6. +1
 Many thanks for this post! it is very useful to understand concept of layout arrangments. Agree with Bradley Smith :))
 - 0
 For the purpose of the simulation, all nodes are regarded as point sources rather than considering their size or shape. For circular nodes, all you have to do is set the scaling factor accordingly. There is no easy way to handle oblong or rectangular nodes without introducing some potential overlap.
 7. vote
 With a very large number of nodes I wanted to see the layout zoomed. Possibly adding some scroll bars.
 I set the diagram bounds large and as expected the diagram is centred off the viewport, but unexpectedly it does not seem to draw almost to the edges of the supplied bounds as it does if one provides bounds the same or a little smaller than the viewport. Consequently it is not as zoomed as one would like, but is about the same size on a very large canvas so to speak.
 Do you know the reason for this? Is there perhaps a built in maximum size for the diagram? Is the bounds for each node set according to the available diagram bounds or perhaps based on the number of nodes?
 Is there a way to resolve this?
 - vote
 My best guess is that this is due to the diagram scaling not taking into account the size of the nodes themselves, only the bounds of the connectors. You would need to modify the GetDiagramBounds() method to consider the size of each node.
 The code provided is intended to be a proof-of-concept only; features like a scrollable viewport are fairly easy to implement on top of the existing code. You simply draw the diagram with larger bounds and clip to the bounds of the viewport when displaying it.
 8. vote
 Hi Bradley,
 great work and many thanks for uploading your work.
 I've been studying it a bit and came to some conclusions that I cannot really explain.
 First of all, I needed the algorithm to produce graphs that intersect very rarely, possibly never.
 With your constants and a random graph that produced more than 40-50 nodes it often intersects.
 This might seem odd, but changing the constants like this:
 private const double ATTRACTION_CONSTANT = 0.3; // spring constant
 private const double REPULSION_CONSTANT = 400; // charge constant
 private const double DEFAULT_DAMPING = 0.85;
 private const int DEFAULT_SPRING_LENGTH = 200;
 private const int DEFAULT_MAX_ITERATIONS = 100;
 and in the CalcRepulsionForce method changing the Coulomb's Law
 from: -(REPULSION_CONSTANT / Math.Pow(proximity, 2))
 to: -REPULSION_CONSTANT/proximity
 I noticed a significant improvement in avoiding intersections.
 There is some clustering side effect in the nodes that are in the end of branches, but that I don't mind. Also, significantly less iteration is needed to get the wanted result.
 There is an obvious connection between the REPULSION_CONSTANT and proximity, but I haven't been able to set the constant to achieve a similar result as with changing the Coulomb's Law. Not squaring the proximity is significant only to the first few iterations, as the number of iterations grow, it can be changed back to original square.
 Do you have any idea why the algorithm appears to work better with these changes and is there something else that I'm missing? I am a computer science student and I would really appreciate your help if you have some opinions about this topic.
 In addition, I included some pictures of graphs that I created using the initial settings and my settings:
 - vote
 Hi, your findings are rather interesting! The spring and charge constants provided in my example are certainly not the optimal values; in some respects, the ideal values for these constants depend upon the scale and complexity you are using for the nodes of the diagram. However, once you've found the optimal settings for a given type of diagram, these values should remain constant. The damping and spring length can (and probably should) vary for individual diagrams; they are intended to be variables in the equation.
 The problem with changing the way that repulsion is calculated is that the forces are no longer properly balanced. Repulsion is supposed to follow the inverse square law, and by making it a linear relationship, nodes which are very far apart are more likely to influence each other. Now, this may be desirable in certain


text:
Report: Flint, Detroit more blighted than hurricane-ravaged New Orleans
The article is based on a study from the Greater New Orleans Data Center, which has been tracking blight in six cities notorious for urban decline.
New Orleans held the unwanted "most blighted" among the six cities -- which also include Cleveland, Baltimore and Youngstown, Ohio -- for five years until the report for 2011, the most recent data available to the Center.
About 21 percent of all New Orleans properties were blighted in 2011, compared with 27 percent in Flint and 24 percent in Detroit, the report says.
The percentage of blight was based on the number of blighted addresses or empty lots plus vacant but habitable homes according to data kept by the U.S. Postal Service.
The study notes that measuring blight can be a challenge because "each municipality defines blight differently, and some don't track blight at all."
The 2011 data for New Orleans is also the first year of the study that includes estimates by the study authors and a larger margin of error because of a change in how the USPS recorded data, according to the study.
Click here to view the report.


text:
Murder by Death is an American four-piece rock band from Bloomington, Indiana. Their name is derived from the 1976 Robert Moore film of the same name.
The band plays a range of music including instrumentals, rock and alt-country. They use electric cello to create a southern American, gothic sound with occasional western references.
Many songs use themes such as zombies, whiskey and the Devil which are unified into concept albums. For example, the band's second album Who Will Survive, and What Will Be Left of Them? describes a story in which the Devil wages war against a small village in Mexico.


text:
Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station
Frank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center
The Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station, established in 1894, is located along the Illinois River on Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge near Havana, Illinois. It is the oldest inland field station in North America and one of nine field stations of the Illinois Natural History Survey. The Frank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center is housed at the Forbes Biological Station.
Staff of the Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center conduct research on a variety of topics relevant to wetland ecosystems, with a specific focus on the ecology and management of wetlands, waterfowl, and other waterbirds. Our research efforts focus on the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and the wetlands throughout the State.
Forbes Biological Station


text:
The history of Cornell University's South Asia Collection dates from 1868 when Cornell's President Andrew D. White went to Europe armed with formidable lists of books and apparatus to be collected. He made large purchases of scientific and literary works. One of the most important of his acquisitions was the library of one of the founders of historical linguistics, Franz Bopp (_PHONE_). Fully one-third of Bopp's approximately five thousand volume collection was comprised of Indological subject matter. Since the beginning, Cornell University has continued to build on the initial strength of the Bopp library, acquiring complete collections of most of the important serials and monographs in this field.
Today, with material from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal, the South Asia Collection is the fourth largest in the United States and the largest intershelved collection combining both Indic and Western languages.
Collections in rural sociology, anthropology, communications, education, regional planning and art history are also noteworthy among the South Asia Collection. The holdings include the Gandhi Memorial Library, which Cornell received as a gift in 1949. The South Asia Collection has grown steadily with gifts from the government of India and individuals in this country, as well as substantial library acquisitions.


Xiaoqiang XQ-miniGeneral purpose ROS develping platform
Lightweight, flexible and quick to move
J2900 8GMemory 64G SSD}
LIDAR RGBD Mono Camera
Application Videos
 - real-time map and location of lidar
 When Xiaoqiang is equipped with the laser radar, it can make environment mapping and robot navigation easy and quick. In the use of LIDAR, the robot is required to provide more accurate odometer information. Xiaoqiang's odometer is fused with a gyroscope and encoder, with high accuracy. From this video, As we can see that in a large range (200mx400m) the map built by Xiaoqiang is still very accurate.
 - Visual Navigation
 Xiaoqiang uses the camera to collect the ambient image and uses its powerful computational ability to identify the 3D structure of the environment. The red and green dots in the video are the environmental feature points that it recognize. The map in the lower left corner of the video is its identified environment. As we can see that Xiaoqiang can run the Visual Slam program smoothly, and provide very accurate positioning information.
 - RGBD
 Obstacles are randomly placed on the ground. Xiaoqiang obtains the information of the obstacle through the depth camera. The green curve in the video is the target line and location of Xiaoqiang. Xiaoqiang planning its path in real time according to the situation of obstacles. That is, the blue curve in the video. It can be seen that even in a very complex obstacle environment, Xiaoqiang can move smoothly to the target position.
 - Robot Arm Example
 Xiaoqiang has extensive extensibility and can be equipped with a robotic arm. Xiaoqiang controls the robotic arm, and grab the cup in front of it
 - Inertial navigation
 Inertial navigation is to use only the information provided by the car'sown gyroscope and encoder for navigation. The car in the video walked a 1M x 1M square under the control of the inertial navigation program.The image on the left is the actual movement of the car, and the right is the real-time position display of the car in the computer interface.
 - Speech recognition and follow
 Xiaoqiang recognizes target's voice commands and then initiates the following program. Follow the movement of the target.
Xiaoqiang is a general purpose ROS develping platform. It has powerful computational power, long battery endurance and the nimble movement ability. Xiaoqiang is very suitable for developmenting the Ros navigation and the computer vision algorithm. Xiaoqiang has four-wheeled structure, the front two active wheels, and two omni-directional wheels on the back. Such a structure can guarantee the accuracy of the turning angle. The wheel used the rubber material which is not easy to skid to ensure the accuracy and stability of the movement again. Xiaoqiang's main controller is a i7 processor mini computer, contains 8G memory and 64G solid-state drives. This hardware configuration guarantees the strong compute ability of the Xiaoqiang. The battery is 12V 20AH lithium polymer battery, which can be guaranteed to be used for seven hours continuously.
Xiaoqiang XQ-mini has a smaller size, more flexible movement and a cheaper price. It is a perfect choice as a lightweight ROS development platform.
Hardware Info
 - J2900 Core Duo processor 2.6GHz CPU
 4G Memory
 64G SSD
 - The power supply battery is 12V 10AH polymer lithium battery.
 Rated Rated output current is 5 A, output power 60W. Xiaoqiang mini can be used for up to 4 hours under high power usage.
 - Max Speed: 0.8m/s
 Maximum Acceleration: 1.5m/s^2
 Max Angle Speed: 230 deg/s
 Maximum angular acceleration: 660 deg/s^2
 - 5 USB with one USB3.0 and four USB2.0
 60fps 178° camera
 MPU9250 9-axis high-precision gyroscope
 Maximum load：5kg


Definition of University
1. Noun. The body of faculty and students at a university.
Generic synonyms: Body
Group relationships: Academe, Academia
Member holonyms: Grad School, Graduate School
Specialized synonyms: Gown, Varsity
2. Noun. Establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching.
3. Noun. A large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees.
Generic synonyms: Educational Institution
Member holonyms: College
Specialized synonyms: Multiversity, Open University
Definition of University
1. n. The universe; the whole.
2. n. The universe; the whole.
Definition of University
1. Noun. Institution of higher education (typically accepting students from the age of about 17 or 18, depending on country, but in some cases able to take younger students in exceptional cases) where subjects are studied and researched in depth and degrees are offered. ¹
¹ Source:
Definition of University
1. [n -TIES]
Medical Definition of University
1. Origin: OE. Universite, L. Universitas all together, the whole, the universe, a number of persons associated into one body, a society, corporation, fr. Universus all together, universal: cf. F. Universite. See Universe. 1. The universe; the whole. 2. An association, society, guild, or corporation, especially. One capable of having and acquiring property. "The universities, or corporate bodies, at Rome were very numerous. There were corporations of bakers, farmers of the revenue, scribes, and others." (Eng. Cyc) 3. An institution organised and incorporated for the purpose of imparting instruction, examining students, and otherwise promoting education in the higher branches of literature, science, art, etc, empowered to confer degrees in the several arts and faculties, as in theology, law, medicine, music, etc. A university may exist without having any college connected with it, or it may consist of but one college, or it may comprise an assemblage of colleges established in any place, with professors for instructing students in the sciences and other branches of learning. "The present universities of Europe were, originally, the greater part of them, ecclesiastical corporations, instituted for the education of churchmen... What was taught in the greater part of those universities was suitable to the end of their institutions, either theology or something that was merely preparatory to theology." (A. Smith) From the Roman words universitas, collegium, corpus, are derived the terms university, college, and corporation, of modern languages; and though these words have obtained modified significations in modern times, so as to indifferently applicable to the same things, they all agree in retaining the fundamental signification of the terms, whatever may have been added to them. There is now no university, college, or corporation, which is not a juristical person in the sense above explained [see def. 2, above]; wherever these words are applied to any association of persons not stamped with this mark, it is an abuse of terms. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998)
University Pictures
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text:
The Cartoon Guide
A Soft Approach to Hard
San Francisco artist Larry Gonick and
UC Davis microbiologist Mark Wheelis use their artistic abilitiy and scientific
knowledge to present a humorous look at genetics for a lay audience. Gonick
has generously loaned The Bancroft Library the original art work for The
Cartoon Guide to Genetics (1991).
Presented here are sections entitled
"The Spiral Staircase" and "Genetic Engineering," specifically referencing
the work of Watson and Crick on the DNA double helix, and Cohen and Boyer
on recombinant DNA.
Copyright (C) _PHONE_ by the Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Document maintained on server: _URL_
Last update 3/24/00. Server manager:


text:
GAINESVILLE, Fla. — Joint research between Florida Museum of Natural History and Chinese scientists to discover and interpret the world's earliest known flowering fossil is the subject of a PBS NOVA documentary, "First Flower," which debuts at 8 p.m. April 17.
The origin of flowers is one of botany's deepest mysteries, and in the NOVA documentary, Florida Musuem paleobotanist David Dilcher guides viewers through segments of the amazing story of the evolution of flowers.
"There's no doubt about it, flowers are all about sex," said Dilcher, a graduate research professor and paleobotany curator at the Florida Museum and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
The search for the world's first flower drew Dilcher to a remote Chinese lake where colleague Sun Ge of Jilin University in Changchun, China, discovered a 125 million-year-old fossil that scientists believe is the earliest known flower.
Although the fossil lacked the aesthetic petals associated with modern flowers, Dilcher recognized the plant stalk had seeds enclosed within carpels, which are female reproductive structures found in flowers. This led him to conclude the fossil was in fact an early form of a flower. The fossil was named Archaefructus liaoningensis, which means "ancient fruit from Liaoning Province of northeast China."
Flower production demands an amazing amount of a plant's precious energy, which leads some scientists to question why and how the world's first flowers evolved. Angiosperms, or flowering plants that have male pollen and female ovaries, are thought to have made their first appearance on earth roughly 130 million years ago. Today, they dominate the plant world. Today, bees, moths, hummingbirds and other insects facilitate plant reproduction by spreading pollen, but this is the culmination of a complex relationship that evolved over millions of years and that scientists are still decoding.
"Flowering plants were the first advertisers in the world," Dilcher said. "They put out beautiful colors, colorful patterns, they put out fragrances. And they gave a reward such as nectar or pollen for any insect that would come and visit them."
Flowers go to elaborate lengths to advertise their sexual organs, the female parts and the male parts, Dilcher said.
"If they could attract these mobile pollinators to visit, crawl around, and feed in flowers, pick up pollen on their legs, pick up pollen on their bodies," Dilcher said, "and then fly to another flower some distance away, and repeat this process, they could effectively transfer their male genetic material some distance away to another flower."
Pamela and Doug Soltis, Florida Museum researchers who study plant and flower DNA to better understand evolutionary origins, also are interviewed in "First Flower." The Soltis' work addresses evolutionary origins of flowers and flowering plants, plant speciation and the conservation genetics of endangered plant species in Florida. Doug Soltis also is chair of UF's Department of Botany.
The journal Science featured Sun's and Dilcher's fossil flower research on its cover in 1998 and 2002. Sun is a geologist and director of the paleontology and stratigraphy lab at Jilin University. Dilcher holds professorial appointments and teaches at Jilin University and Nanjing University in China, in addition to teaching at the University of Florida.
Writer: DeLene Beeland
Media contact: Paul Ramey, _EMAIL_
Source: David Dilcher _PHONE_
Source: Sun Ge _PHONE_; until April 12


text:
We built the BMI calculator all inside one function: main(). As apps scale, we don't want main() to grow. We need an organized pattern where each function focuses on doing one thing. This lesson shows how we can easily refactor the main() function into three parts: Intent, Model, and View.
If we continue to build our applications in the same manner we built the BMI calculator, we will start seeing the main function growing. I prefer usually small functions that do only one thing. Now that we have this rather big main function that does more than one thing, how do we refactor this? Notice that we have three distinct parts, we have the read effects from the DOM, we have state and logic management, and we have the write effect. Plus everything is just class declarations.
So it turns out we can extract each of these parts and put them in functions, like this part can go into a function let's say called part1, and then we can return an object to contain both of these streams. Then we have part2 which will return the state stream, that part. Then we have finally part3 to return the virtual DOM tree of elements as stream, like that. Each of these three functions expect parameters like this one wants sources.dom.
So let's give it there, let's call it DOMSource, it's just an object that we can give and replace these. Part1 seems to need no other parameters, so let's look at part2, it wants changeweight stream and changeheight stream, and part3 needs the statestream. So now we can use those three functions in main, we can remove this old parts, we want an object with changeweight stream and changeheight stream when we call part1 given sources.dom.
Then we get the statestream by calling part2 given changeweight stream and changeheight stream. Then we get a stream of virtual DOM trees that's what you call a vTree stream, we call part3 given statestream. Then we just give the vTree stream as the DOM sync and our app still works. But part1, and part2, and part3 are quite bad names, let's try renaming this starting from the easiest one. While this one takes state and it returns these elements, so this really looks like what we commonly understand as view.
Then part2 is just handling state management, so this is called model because it's not really related to any effects, right it's just state and logic. Part1, well, is handling read effects from the DOM, it's essentially getting raw events from the DOM, and it's interpreting what the user wants to do. I'm going to call this one intent, so we just need to rename down there as intent, model, and view.
Our app still works, and this is what we call the model view intent pattern, which is meant to organize this type of sandwich interaction. Now our main does one thing, it converts from sources to syncs and it does that by calling these three functions in succession.


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In the present paper a mathematical model for a mini-channel heat exchanger is proposed. Multiobjective optimization using genetic algorithm is performed in the next step in order to obtain a set of geometrical design parameters, leading to minimum pressure drops and maximum overall heat transfer coefficient. Multiobjective optimization procedure provides a set of optimal solutions, called Pareto front, each of which is a trade-off between the objective functions and can be freely selected by the user according to the specifications of the project. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to study the effects of different geometrical parameters on the considered functions. The whole system has been modeled based on advanced experimental correlations in matlab environment using a modular approach.
Mathematical Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Mini-Channel Heat Exchanger Via Genetic Algorithm
Manuscript received December 11, 2012; final manuscript received February 19, 2013; published online July 18, 2013. Assoc. Editor: Zahid Ayub.
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Selleri, T., Najafi, B., Rinaldi, F., and Colombo, G. (July 18, 2013). "Mathematical Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Mini-Channel Heat Exchanger Via Genetic Algorithm." ASME. J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. September 2013; 5(3): 031013. _URL_
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text:
Foraging in Central Park, New York City
(Photo Courtesy of "Wildman" Steve Brill)
Wild Foraging is the act of harvesting edible, wild growing plants and fungi. For most of the history of our species, we were primarily foragers. We only started hunting more recently (even then obtaining the majority of our food by foraging) and farming even more recently.
In the industrialized world, most of us rarely consider the idea that food can be obtained from any source other than from commercial agriculture on store shelves. In a society where we have become accustomed to eating fruit out of season, getting food out of boxes, and where most of us can‚Äôt distinguish foods that grow locally from those that grow a hemisphere away, we have lost traditional wisdom about the food and medicinal value of plants and fungi growing all around us. We automatically close ourselves to an immediately available source of high quality food and medicines that are much more healthful and safer than over-the-counter pharmaceuticals.
Wild foragers are attempting to preserve and recapture traditional wisdom, demonstrating a way of survival based on respect, not domination, of our ecosystems. Harvested responsibly, the herbs, shoots, greens, fruits, berries, nuts, seeds, and roots foragers collect are renewable resources that protect themselves from herbivores by regeneration.
To learn more about wild foraging, visit these websites:
Foraging with Wildman Steve Brill – Wild Foraging Tours in NYC area and lots of info on wild edibles.
Wild Foraging Books by Wildman Steve Brill
Dining on the Wilds: Wild Edible Plants – includes info on events in California.
Traditional Herbal &Plant Knowledge, Identifications
Wild Foraging Events Everywhere
Wild Food Walks and Courses in Massachusetts
Edible Wild Plants – info on wild foraging books and wild food tours in Eastern Massacutsettes.
Books on Wild Foraging
Wild Food Foraging Tours in Virginia Beach Area
Wild Foods Forum Newsletter
Gloria Mundi Special Exhibit ‚Äì Wild Foods
Laura Lacey‚Äôs Wild World of Plants
Oklahoma‚Äôs Forage Ahead
Ozark Herbal Expeditions
Wild Mountain Herbs in Tennessee and North Carolina


Australian Government Department of Health
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The Australian Standard Drink
What is a standard drink?
A standard drink is a unit of measurement. In the same way one metre measures a particular distance travelled, one standard drink measures a particular amount of alcohol consumed.
What is the standard drink used for?
Instead of counting glasses or containers, drinkers count standard drinks as a way of keeping track of how much alcohol they consume. Counting standard drinks is a much more reliable measure of how much alcohol is consumed compared to counting glasses, bottles, or cans. Counting glasses, bottles, or cans of alcohol can be misleading because they can contain varying amounts of alcohol.
The consumption limits in the Australian Alcohol Guidelines are based on the standard drink concept.
How many standard drinks in....?
The number of standard drinks in alcohol beverages is always shown on the label of the container.
Examples of how many standard drinks are in typical containers, always check the label or ask bar staff
Standard drinks guide
No label?
Bar and restaurant staff can help in identifying how many standard drinks are in glasses, jugs, and other containers that are not labelled. Restaurants and bars do not all have the same size glasses, so the number of standard drinks can vary from one licensed venue to the next.
How are standard drinks calculated?
The formula for calculating standard drinks is:
Volume of Container in Litres multiplied by the percentage of alcohol volume multiplied by 0.789, equals the number of standard drinks
0.789 is the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol
For example one stubbie of 375ml of full strength beer 5% alcohol by volume:
0.375 multiplied by 5 multiplied by 0.789 equals 1.5 standard drinks
0.375 X 5 X 0.789 = 1.5 standard drinks
How to count Standard Drinks?
Counting standard drinks is simply a matter of adding numbers.
For example if a person has one nip of spirits and two average restaurant glasses of wine, they would have consumed 4 standard drinks, that is 1 + 1.5 + 1.5
An average serve of wine is usually 150ml. Depending on the venue, glass size can vary from 120 to 180ml.
Some people put a bottle cap or a coaster in their pockets to represent every drink they have. This is not as accurate as counting standard drinks but it is better than not counting.
When counting standard drinks, people should be aware of bar staff or others topping up glasses or where the amount of alcohol is not known such as in mixed drinks, cocktails or punch.
Why count?
The main reason people count their drinks, using standard drinks, is to ensure that the low risk levels set out in the Australian Alcohol Guidelines are not exceeded. The low risk levels define the number of standard drinks that can be drunk before the threat to a person's health and social well-being moves up into the risky or high risk category.


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Modius Research Highlight: The Science of Measurement
Modius Solution Supports Data Center Management Best Practice as Highlighted in New Research Paper "The Science of Measurement"
"The Science of Measurement" explains some of the key considerations surrounding performance monitoring and measurements in data centers. The goal of the report is "to help data center managers (both IT and facilities managers) better understand the business value of measuring data center performance characteristics and the considerations that are important to developing a measurement scheme."
You can download a white paper (8 pages) summarizing the major findings of the report by clicking here.
According to the authors, the key lessons for data center managers are:
- Measurement is conducted to inform decisions on actions that can enhance a data center's business value by better accommodating growth, reducing costs, or increasing uptime.
- There are significant opportunities to improve efficiency through a continuous process of incremental changes, as well as through the more traditional "one shot" project-based approach.
- The business or strategic objectives of the measurement effort should drive measurement decisions, and having "the right data" is more important than simply having "more data."
- Data center managers should think carefully before beginning a monitoring program, so that the data collected will be maximally useful for judging operational performance and making decisions.
- After collecting data, managers should take action based on what they have learned. Managers should then continue collecting data to get feedback on the effectiveness of their actions.
- When evaluating potential monitoring systems, managers should examine multiple factors, including:
- Ability to collect data from all desired devices
- Granularity of data collection
- User friendliness and ease of integrating data across devices and time scales
- Scalability for mass deployment and multi-site capability
- Adaptability to new measurement needs
- Trending and analysis of data
- Integration with control systems
- Ability to detect problems and notify data center operators
Learn more in the 8-page white paper.


text:
See Wikipedia article on Chaitin's construction, referring to e.g.
- Computing a Glimpse of Randomness (written by Cristian S. Calude, Michael J. Dinneen, and Chi-Kou Shu)
- Omega and why math has no TOEs (Gregory Chaitin).
2 Basing it on combinatory logic
See the prefix coding system described in Binary Lambda Calculus and Combinatory Logic (page 20) written by John Tromp:
of course, c, d are meta-variables, and also some other notations are changed slightly.
Having seen this, decoding is rather straightforward. Let us represent it e.g with the following LL1 parser. Of course, we can build it on top of more sophisticated parser libraries (Parsec, arrow parsers)
2.2.1 Decoding module
module Decode (clP) where import Parser (Parser, item) import CL (CL, k, s, apply) import CLExt ((>>^)) clP :: Parser Bool CL clP = item (bool applicationP baseP) applicationP :: Parser Bool CL applicationP = clP >>^ clP baseP :: Parser Bool CL baseP = item (bool k s) kP, sP :: Parser Bool CL kP = return k sP = return s
2.2.2 Combinatory logic term modules
module CL (CL, k, s, apply) where import Tree (Tree (Leaf, Branch)) import BaseSymbol (BaseSymbol, kay, ess) type CL = Tree BaseSymbol k, s :: CL k = Leaf kay s = Leaf ess apply :: CL -> CL -> CL apply = Branch
22.214.171.124 CL extension
module CLExt ((>>^)) where import CL (CL, apply) import Control.Monad (Monad, liftM2) (>>^) :: Monad m => m CL -> m CL -> m CL (>>^) = liftM2 apply
126.96.36.199 Base symbol
module BaseSymbol (BaseSymbol, kay, ess) where data BaseSymbol = K | S kay, ess :: BaseSymbol kay = K ess = S
2.2.3 Utility modules
188.8.131.52 Binary tree
module Tree (Tree (Leaf, Branch)) where data Tree a = Leaf a | Branch (Tree a) (Tree a)
module Parser (Parser, item) where import Control.Monad.State (StateT, get, put) type Parser token a = StateT [token] a item :: Parser a item = do token : tokens <- get put tokens return token
184.108.40.206 Prelude extension
module PreludeExt (bool) where bool :: a -> a -> Bool -> a bool thenC elseC t = if t then thenC else elseC
2.3 Partial function approach
Now, Chaitin's construction will be here
- should denote an unary predicate "has normal form" ("terminates")
- should mean an operator "decode" (a function from finite bit sequences to combinatory logic terms)
- should denote the set of all finite bit sequences
- should denote the set of syntactically correct bit sequences (semantically, they may either terminate or diverge), i.e. the domain of the decoding function, i.e. the range of the coding function. Thus,
- "Absolute value"
- should mean the length of a bit sequence (not combinatory logic term evaluation!)
2.4 Total function approach
Here, dc is a partial function (from finite bit sequences). If this is confusing or annoying, then we can choose a more Haskell-like approach, making dc a total function:
dc :: [Bit] -> Maybe CL
then, Chaitin's construction will be
where should denote false truth value.
3 Related concepts
4 To do
Writing a program in Haskell -- or in combinatory logic:-) -- which could help in making conjectures on combinatory logic-based Chaitin's constructions. It would make only approximations, in a similar way that most Mandelbrot plotting softwares work: it would ask for a maximum limit of iterations.
chaitin --computation=cl --coding=tromp --limit-of-iterations=5000 --digits=10 --decimal


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Dear lovely, kind, righteous, gentle, brilliant, empathetic, sincere, truly helpful, prosperous readers,
Is there a way of finding out what the column number and or ruler position of a character is in a document?
In word each character has a column number attached to it which specifies its x-position (horizontal position) on a line.
Suppose I am writing a sentence to a word document. As I am writing it to the word document can I tell if I have reached the end of the line and now the text is being wrapped onto the second line?
Is there a way to tell what line number a particular character/word is in?


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Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2011
Polycrystalline SnO2-based samples (Sn0.97−x Sb0.03Zn x O2, x = 0, 0.01, 0.03) were prepared by solid-state reactions. The thermoelectric properties of SnO2 doped with Sb and Zn were investigated from 300 K to 1100 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed all XRD peaks of all the samples as identical to the rutile structure, except for the x = 0.03 sample, which had a small amount of Zn2SbO4 as a secondary phase. We found that the power factor of the x = 0.03 sample was significantly improved due to the simultaneous increase in the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. A power factor value of ∼2 × 10−4 W m−1 K−2 was obtained for the x = 0.03 sample at 1060 K, 126% higher than that for the undoped sample.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: 10|
- Magnetic refrigeration


Family Needs And Resources (Home Economics)
Family needs are many. The resources for meeting these needs are however limited. It is necessary to find ways of using the resources so that the important needs are satisfied. This involves management. Before you learn how to manage the resources, you must know the different types of resources and needs of the individuals and families.
Family Needs Needs are things that are essential, that is, very important for your health. The family members have physical, emotional mental and social needs.
Needs And Wants: It is important to differentiate between needs and wants. Wants are those things you desire though they are not essential for your health and well-being. Basic clothing is a need for survival, but extra clothing is want. A family may have a need for transport and buy a small car. When they make more money, they may want or desire to buy a bigger car.
Types Of Needs
i. Basic or primary needs are very important needs which the family cannot do without. They are those things which every family must have for survival.
They include:
1. Food: Provision of the right kind of food good health and survival.
2. Housing: Every family requires a good shelter for different kinds of protection.
3. Clothing: Every family members require good basic clothing for protection.
4. Health Care: Health is very important. Every family must provide the health care needs.
Secondary Needs: These are those the family wants. They are not as important as the primary needs. The family can therefore exist without the secondary needs. They are those things the family desires. They depend on the socio-economic status of the family. The secondary needs include, recreation, personal allowance or pocket money for family members, extra clothing, family car, etc.
Family Resources
Resources are those things which the families can use to meet their needs and reach their goals. The family has different types of resources.
Classification Of Resources
There are different ways of classifying resources. The simplest way is to group them into two classes as: (a). Human and (b). Non-human or material resources. There are also natural resources.
Human Resources
These are resources which exist within an individual. They are personal to each individual. They include:
i. Knowledge: This includes everything a person has observed, learned and remembers. Example is knowledge of how to launder the family clothes.
ii. Skills: These are special set of abilities that allow a person to perform certain tasks well. Examples of skills are drawing, sewing, cooking, writing, cleaning, and baking.
iii. Imagination: This is the ability of the mind to be creative and resourceful. The mind forms images that are not present to the senses. By working through a problem in your imagination, you think through a situation before you act.
iv. Energy: This is the power that helps you get things done. Energy comes from the food you eat. Energy is used to do work.
V. Time: Time is used for other resources to reach goals. Everyone has the same amount of time, that is, 24 hours each day.
Material Or Non-Human Resources
These are resources that exist outside people but can be controlled owned or used by the family. The two main types of material resources are family possessions and money.
i. Possessions: These are things the family owns, which the can use to attain some goals. Family possessions could be grouped into:
(a). Those possessions that last a long time and are not used up readily. They are durable. Examples are furniture, car, houses, and appliances.
(b). Those possessions that are used up quickly, e.g. Food, clothes, paper, pen, etc. Managing these possessions carefully will give them longer useful life.
ii. Money: This is very important resource which can be used to buy most things, including other resources. Money is used to measure the value of the goods we have.
Other Resources The Family Can Use Community Resources:
1. Every community has people, facilities, institutions and organizations. These help families in the following ways:
i. To improve their skills.
ii. To solve their problems.
iii. To enjoy life.
The community resources include, schools, libraries, government agencies, churches, mosques, hospitals, parks, shops, markets, post office, mass transit, roads, etc.
Natural Resources:
These are air, water, land, plants, animals and minerals. These are found in our surroundings or environment.
Characteristics Of Resources
1. Utility: This means that resources have value or worth. This means, that they can be applied for producing good and services.
2. Accessibility: This means that resources must exist on hand or in reserve for goal attainment.
3. Interchangeability: A resource is interchangeable when it can be substituted with another resource in the attend to reach goals.
4. Manageability: All resources are to some degree manageable. This means that they can be to control for the purpose of achieving goals.


text:
Associations to the word «Vertex»
VERTEX, noun. The highest point of something.
VERTEX, noun. (anatomy) The highest surface on the skull.
VERTEX, noun. (geometry) The common point of the two rays of the angle, or its equivalent structure in polyhedra (meeting of edges) and higher order polytopes.
VERTEX, noun. (mathematics) A point on the curve with a local minimum or maximum of curvature.
VERTEX, noun. (graph theory) One of the elements of a graph joined or not by edges to other vertices.
VERTEX, noun. (computer graphics) A point in 3D space, usually given in terms of its Cartesian coordinates.
VERTEX, noun. (optics) The point where the surface of a lens crosses the optical axis.
VERTEX, noun. (nuclear or particle physics) An interaction point.
VERTEX, noun. (astrology) The point where the prime vertical meets the ecliptic in the western hemisphere of a natal chart.
VERTEX COVER, noun. (graph theory) a set of vertices which touch all the edges of a graph
VERTEX, noun. The point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure.
VERTEX, noun. The highest point (of something); "at the peak of the pyramid".
Actions speak louder than words.


text:
the ocean, kelp would react to the turbulence created by ocean currents. The
tube attributes associated with many preset brushes have turbulence attributes
turned on for interesting visual effects. Turbulence attributes
can be increased from their default settings to make the kelp sway
back and forth, providing additional realism when used in an animation.
To increase the turbulence on the kelp
- In the scene view, select the kelp stroke.
- Open the Attribute Editor,
select the Kelp tab, and expand the Tubes
> Behavior > Turbulence section.
- In the Turbulence section,
set the options as follows:
Type: World Force
- Interpolation: Smooth
over Time and Space
- Click the Play Forward button on the
Animation Time Slider to see the turbulence effect on the kelp (You
don't need to set specific keyframes).
The kelp animates as
if it were affected by ocean currents.
- Press the Stop button to cancel the animation
You can adjust the turbulence
settings while viewing the playback. If the frame range is too short,
you can modify it to suit your needs.


zondag 27 februari 2011
Making masks
You need:
 1. white cardboard
 2. rectangular aluminum containers
 3. paint
 4. brushes
 5. scissors
 6. glue
 7. cutting knife
 8. oil pastels
We look at masks from Venice, masks from Africa and the culture of the Incas, Mayans and Aztecs through photos on the internet. We discuss the form of the masks and look for the differences between the African, Venetian and those of the Incas. We look at the position of the eyes, nose and mouth.
Let students choose the style and material they want to use. The aluminium containers are meant for students who want to make an Inca mask, since Incas often used silver or gold. Draw with pencil the shape of the mask and cut it out. Mark the spot where the eyes should be (at half or slightly above or below the half) and cut them out. Draw a nose and cut it partly in order to create some relief. Colour the mask with oil pastels. For an Inca mask: cut the aluminum container, cut the eyes, cut a nose and paste it on, cut a mouth. Paint the mask with tempera, making sure there will be some shiny material to be seen.
Look at each others masks at the end of this lesson and discuss what style or influence you recognize.
Artworks made by students of grade 3
Thanks to Ann de Naegel (Belgium) and her students
Geen opmerkingen:
Een reactie plaatsen


text:
Thermodynamics of Dimers on a Rectangular LxMxN Lattice.
The exact closed-form analytic solution of the problem of dimers on infinite two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices is obtained. Entropy, isothermal compressibility, and constant pressure heat capacity of the system are given in terms of the normalized number density of dimers. The absolute activity of dimers is also given in terms of the normalized number density; it exhibits a behavior near close packing with a critical exponent exactly equal to 2, and with an amplitude 1/(4), where is the molecular freedom per dimer at close packing.
|Main Author:||Phares, Alain J.|
|Other Authors:||Wunderlich, Francis J.|


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Khatt Chronicles podcast features remarkable designers, illustrators and researchers from the Arab World. We host engaging conversations about their practice, vision, and aspirations.
In line with the Khatt foundation projects, the Khatt Chronicles podcast features design initiatives and developments from around the world, focusing on new developments in Arabic typography and design. Khatt Chronicles podcasts are addressed to the younger generation as an alternative medium.
They aim to fulfill three primary objectives:
1. Promote designers in the Arab World to the region and the rest of the world.
2. Continue the mission of Khatt foundation as a network between designers by supporting, fostering and exploring new ideas.
3. Present these podcasts for inspiration and educational reasons.
4. Identify and highlight designers from the Arab World that have made meaningful contributions in their fields or have demonstrated excellence in design.
Through storytelling, the Khatt Chronicles podcast presents a more personal access to the featured designers, and allows listeners to learn about how they think, and what makes them tick.


text:
e-SPRESSO WEBINAR: Characterizing Lithium Ion Battery Components for Better Performance and Manufacturing Quality
Anode and cathode materials require certain particle size, surface area and density characteristics. These represent crucial properties for charge and discharge, and for effective slurry preparation for foil coating. The resulting porosity and pore size distribution of the separator can and should be evaluated to understand manufacturing and performance variables.
This webinar will present laboratory methods for measuring dry powders, particles in suspension, slurries, coated foils and all types of separators.
Featured techniques will include:
- Gas sorption,
- Helium pycnometry
- Laser light diffraction/scattering
- Mercury intrusion porosimetry
- Capillary porometry
- Rheometry plus others
Suitable for scientists and engineers working in research, development and quality assurance.
Trainer: Dr. Martin Thomas
Get free access now!
Simply fill out the form below to receive free access to tools and restricted content.


text:
Pengaruh Umur Pohon Tetua dan Jumlah Buku Stek Cabang terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.).
MetadataShow full item record
The research was conducted in February-July 2010 in the greenhouse and in the seed science and technology laboratory of agronomy and horticulture department, leuwikopo, Bogor Agriculture University,. The aim of this research to know the effect of mother plant age, internode numbers of stem cutting, and interaction on growth of seedling-stem cutting of Jatropha curcas Linn. Research method applied Randomize Complete Block Design with two factors, namely mother plant age (U) (U1=2 year, U2=3 year, and U3=4 year) and internode numbers (B) (B1= 10 internode, B2= 15 internode, and B3= 20 internode) with three replicates. The result showed that there are effects of mother plant age, internode numbers, and their interaction on growth of seedling-stem cutting of Jatropha curcas Linn. The mother plant age for the best sprout length, leaf length, and leaf width are 4 year and 2 year. The best internode numbers for the best sprout number are the 20 and 15 internode. Interaction between mother plant age and the best internode numbers according to the plant height parameter is mother plant age 4 year with 20 internode.