Cookie Consent by Cookie Consent by Darlington Borough Council - Vehicle access requests privacy notice
Vehicle access requests
Who do you keep information about?
We keep information about individuals who have requested to have a vehicle access constructed by us.
Why do you keep information about me?
The information we keep allows us to construct a vehicle access at your property in accordance with the Highways Act 1980 Section 184.
Who can see my information?
Only named individuals in the Economic Growth and Neighbourhood Services department can see your information.
How do you store the information you keep about me?
The information is stored within a secure database. We also have information stored within a secure file on our computer network. We will scan any paper information that you send us once your access has been constructed.
How long do you keep information about me?
We will keep your information for 7 years from the date of completion. The information is destroyed securely when we no longer need it.
What sort of information do you keep?
Personal data:
 - Name
 - Identification number
 - Location data
 - One or more factors specific to the:-
 - economic


Your question: How do you rotate the artboard in Illustrator?
How do you change page orientation in Illustrator?
Illustrator: Change the Artboard Orientation
 1. If you want to change the orientation of an existing document, click the Artboard tool on the left side. …
 2. Now, you will notice the orientation icons at the top. …
 3. Alternatively, you can click the Artboard Options button and change the orientation mode from there.
5 июн. 2012 г.
How do you rotate in Illustrator?
Do one of the following:
26 янв. 2017 г.
How do you rotate an artboard in Illustrator IPAD?
Select your shape and then hit the R key on your keyboard to select the Rotate Tool. Alt-Click on the canvas to bring up the Rotate dialogue box.
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Can we insert gradients and patterns in our stroke in Adobe Illustrator?
You can select and apply gradients from the Swatches panel. To do so, launch the Swatches panel and click the Swatch Libraries menu. From there, move your mouse over "Gradients" in the list. … Gradients can apply to stroke as well as fill, and in much the same way.
How do you rotate an object 90 degrees in Illustrator?
Hold Shift and Click & Drag to rotate the selected object 90 degrees. There are number a ways to rotate objects, you can also right click the selected object > Transform > Rotate then apply what degree you want.
What is rotate tool?
The Rotate tool is in the Basic palette. The Rotate tool can rotate objects in the drawing. … The Rotate tool can rotate, or rotate and duplicate the selected objects about an axis, or align the objects relative to another object.
Is Adobe Illustrator on iPad free?
Pricing and Getting Started. Illustrator on the iPad is included with any Adobe Creative Cloud plan that includes Illustrator on the desktop (starting at $20.99 per month), but you can buy it as a standalone app for $9.99 per month.
Can I use Adobe Illustrator on iPad?
Illustrator is everywhere. Illustrator on the iPad is part of Adobe Creative Cloud, so you can design anywhere, work seamlessly across your devices, and keep everything in sync. Bring in images from Photoshop on the iPad and easily access your Creative Cloud Libraries.
How do I change the size of my artboard in Illustrator?
With nothing selected, click the Edit Artboards button in the Properties panel on the right. Click to select an artboard, and choose an artboard preset from the Properties panel to resize the artboard.
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What is the artboard in Illustrator?
What is an artboard in Illustrator? An Artboard in Illustrator works like a physical piece of paper on a desk. Similar to pages in Indesign CC, artboards can be different sizes and orientations and be arranged however suits your workflow. With the Artboard tool you can create multi-page documents.
What is the shortcut to resize an artboard in Illustrator?
How do I copy an artboard in Illustrator 2020?
In Adobe Illustrator you can copy your artboard and all of it's content by selected the Artboard Tool and then hold down Option and click/drag the existing artboard to it's new location. This will create a copy of the artboard dimensions and the contents as well.
Photoshop master


Base metal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Base metals)
Jump to: navigation, search
In chemistry, the term base metal is used informally to refer to a metal that oxidizes or corrodes relatively easily and reacts variably with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form hydrogen. Examples include iron, nickel, lead and zinc. Copper is also considered a base metal because it oxidizes relatively easily, although it does not react with HCl.
Other usages[edit]
Base is used in the sense of low-born, in opposition to noble or precious metal.[1] In alchemy, a base metal was a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to precious metals, mainly gold and silver. A long-time goal of the alchemists was the transmutation of base metal into precious metal.
In mining and economics, the term base metals refers to industrial non-ferrous metals excluding precious metals. These include copper, lead, nickel and zinc.[2] The U.S. Customs and Border Protection is more inclusive in its definition. It includes, in addition to the four above, iron and steel, aluminium, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium and thallium.[3]
In the context of plated metal products, the base metal underlies the plating metal, as copper underlies silver in Sheffield plate.
Zamak is an alloy used in casting (metalworking) which is sometimes called 'base metal' or deprecated as'muckite'.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


Now, the Apple blocked code crashed with iOS devices when users wrote & # 39; Taiwan & # 39;
By Mikey Campbell
Tuesday, July 10, 2018, 9:57 p.m. PT (12:57 a.m. ET)
A blog post on Tuesday illustrates the sometimes unnoticed negative effects of modifying or adding code to an important operating system for the sole purpose of placating the government of a given market. Apple did exactly that when it eliminated the emoji of the Taiwan flag from circulation in China.
 Taiwan iOS
Source: Patrick Wardle
Patrick Wardle, head of research at Digita Security, discussed the problem causing certain iOS devices to crash into a long and somewhat technical post on his personal blog, Objective-See.
According to Wardle explains, iOS 11.3 and following contained an error that for some users of iPhone and iPad caused constant blockages when the word "Taiwan" was entered in the text fields of the application, both the first and the third parties.
The remote error would also trigger a blocking event when trying to display the emoji of the Taiwanese flag on certain devices. The process was repeatable in iMessage, Facebook and WhatsApp.
Apple patched the bug in iOS 11.4.1, citing an error report presented by Wardle earlier this year.
Certain aspects of the error are unclear, but Wardle reduced the negative effect to a "zero" pointer dereference. In particular, the problem arose when an operation removeEmoji led to a system instruction verifying the regional configuration of a device. A subsequent function collapsed under certain conditions related to the configuration of the Chinese region.
As observed by Emojipedia iOS hides the flag of Taiwan on devices installed in the region of China. This process includes removing emoji from the keyboard and rendered data, such as incoming text messages.
While the code worked for Chinese iPhones, it caused problems for some iOS devices established in other regions, or more accurately, a "state without regional support".
The ordeal underlines the length of time Apple and other companies go to appease the Chinese government. China and Taiwan have a long and conflicting relationship dating back to long before the Chinese Civil War. Taiwan considers itself as a sovereign state called the Republic of China, while the People's Republic of China (mainland China) considers Taiwan as part of its territory and sensitive to issues related to the identity of the island.
China (the People's Republic of China) is a vital market for Apple. Although the company publicly promotes a firm stance against government censorship and espionage, it has played well with the often criticized laws of the Chinese government.
Last year, for example, Apple caught the anti-aircraft service for taking out the NYT application from the Chinese app store, a move that was followed by the removal of certain VPN applications according to regulations Chinese
More recently, the company transferred Chinese iCloud data and cryptographic keys to local servers managed by Guizhou-Cloud Big Data Industry Co. Ltd., a decision criticized by privacy advocates. For its part, Apple says it advocated that iCloud is not subject to China's cyber laws, but called compliance a cost of doing business in the country.
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text:
You Are Here
Activity 4: Calming Beads
Activity time: 15 minutes
Materials for Activity
- Waxed linen, or elastic cord and large needles for all participants
- Assorted beads, at least 16 for each participant, and shallow trays
- One large wooden or metal bead for each participant
Preparation for Activity
- Cut 14-inch lengths of cord, one for each participant. Waxed linen cord is best, because children can string beads without using a needle.
- Place smaller beads in trays and set them at work tables.
- Place the special, larger beads in another tray.
- Make a sample set of Calming Beads using the directions below.
Description of Activity
The children create a strand of beads they can use to calm themselves when they feel angry and learn a tactile counting practice to use with it.
Affirm that is okay to get angry sometimes. However, when we stay angry we hurt ourselves. This activity is about making something we can hold onto instead of holding onto our anger.
Invite each child to choose a large bead. Distribute the lengths of cord. Point out the smaller beads on the work tables.
Explain, demonstrating as needed::
1. String one end of the cord through the starter bead.
2. Then string at least ten smaller beads on the cord, while keeping hold of the end.
3. Pull the cord through the starter bead again. Keep the cord loose enough so the beads can move back and forth, then knot the cord.
4. If the starter bead has a hole too large for the knot, tie another small bead on the end: String both ends of the cord through the smaller bead and tie a knot. You can add even more beads to this "tail."
When everyone is done, call children into a circle and invite them to admire one another's work. Show participants how to take the Calming Beads into their hands, looped over their fingers, and can finger along, bead-to-bead. Ask the children to sit quietly, closing their eyes if they wish, while you repeat these centering words:
As you breathe in, feel your body opening up with air. As you breathe out, feel yourself relaxing.
Breathe in and out as each bead passes through your finger.
Repeat the centering words a few times. Then say, in your own words:
Just like you can put yourself to sleep at night, you can also calm yourself when you are angry. These beads are a great way to help you. Keep them in your pocket or around your wrist to use whenever you need.
Invite participants to continue holding the beads and using them to count quietly. Ask the group:
- Do you think your Calming Beads might be helpful to you?
- Who can try in the coming week to use your Calming Beads when you get angry?
- What other ways do you use to help you remain calm?
Have children make extra sets of Calming Beads to include in the Fidget Objects basket.
Including All Participants
This activity requires manual dexterity and in some cases, patience. Large beads are much easier to string.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Gopher Protocal.jpg
Source: Gopher Protocol, Inc.
Gopher Protocol Launches Web Development of its Avant! Artificial Intelligence Platform
SAN DIEGO, CA, May 22, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Gopher Protocol Inc. (OTCQB: GOPH) ("Gopher"), a company specializing in the creation of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence enabled mobile technologies, announced that it is developing a new web interface for Avant!, its Artificial Intelligence Platform.
Avant! is Gopher's software that incorporates artificial intelligence, which it intends to use to control its GEO MESH system when fully developed. It is based on mathematical algorithms in the domain of machine, deep learning. Avant! uses natural language processing and cognitive computing to identify data objects during our MESH communication. When fully developed, it is intended to be used to control the system's nodes, that may be used in a wide variety of applications, for example, navigating a self-driving car. It is expected that Avant! will have the ability to harness vast amounts of data and computing power, learning GEO conditions, analyzing the data and making decisions in real time.
Gopher intends to provide access to the site once the interface is completed.
Gopher is currently laying the infrastructure for Avant! AI web application to enable access to its knowledge and advice in the GEO tracking domain and other applications.
"We take pride in our Avant! AI system and we are working to expand its capabilities. Its machine, deep learning and neural network technologies are its systems of intelligence that allow it to derive meaning from information and applying judgment. Avant! is capable of vast data processing enabling it to accelerate decisions and provide solutions in real time, which may be especially useful for our unstructured MESH technology," said Danny Rittman, Gopher's CTO. "Avant! AI utilizes advanced computing and knowledge representation and we are currently building a web interface to introduce it to the public in the future. Upon full development, it will be capable of analyzing and advising in other topics outside of our GEO tracking technology," added Dr. Rittman.
About Gopher Protocol Inc.
Gopher Protocol Inc. (OTCQB: GOPH) ("Gopher") ( is a development-stage company which consider itself Native IoT creator, developing Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence enabled mobile technology. Gopher has a portfolio of Intellectual Property that when commercialized will include smart microchips, mobile application software and supporting cloud software. The system contemplates the creation of a global network. The core of the system will be its advanced microchip technology that can be installed in any mobile device worldwide. Gopher envisions this system as an internal, private network between all enabled mobile devices providing shared processing, advanced mobile database management/sharing and enhanced mobile features.
Corporate Site:
Press page/ press kit -
Consumer and product website for Guardian Patch:
About Guardian Pet Tracker
GOPH disclosure: More info: SEC link /technology abstract:
Forward-Looking Statements
Dr. Danny Rittman, CTO
Gopher Protocol Inc.
VM Only _PHONE_


text:
Dark Skies Matter: Sign the pledge
"Dark Skies Matter started as a Surrey project with the support of CPRE Surrey, Surrey Hills AONB, Surrey Wildlife Trust and Guildford RSPB. It was formed to combat light pollution in Surrey and to protect the county's remaining dark landscapes.
As waste light recognises no boundaries, Dark Skies Matter now reaches beyond its county origins to make an impact wherever polluting light occurs and its harmful effects are felt."
– John Evans, Founder & Coordinator of Dark Skies Matter
This Declaration aims to protect the fragile oases of natural darkness still to be found in this country, and to seek a reduction in the prevalence and harmful effects of unnecessary, artificial light.
The loss of dark sky – and the harm caused by light pollution across the country – affects us all and should matter to everyone. Light pollution is the soiling of the natural twilight and night-time environment by artificial light.
Why does it matter?
- It destroys a precious heritage of natural beauty that for millennia has inspired us and expanded our understanding
- It is wasteful, consuming resources unnecessarily and contributing to climate change
- It is associated with risks to human health and well-being
- It disrupts wildlife and impacts the wider ecology and biodiversity
- It travels far from its source, escaping to pollute the countryside
- Our roads and neighbourhoods can still be safe with informed lighting design and practice
Support the Declaration and help by:
- Speaking out against light pollution
- Adopting and advocating good lighting practice
- Championing dark sky oases within the county and beyond
Sign the Declaration today
If you share our aims and would like to Declare your support, please email: _EMAIL_ or contact John Evans, Coordinator of Dark Skies Matter on 07496 333301


text:
|Look up gable in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used (which is often related to climate and availability of materials) and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable. A gable wall or gable end more commonly refers to the entire wall, including the gable and the wall below it.
A variation of the gable is a crow-stepped gable, which has a stair-step design to accomplish the sloping portion. Crow-stepped gables were used in Scotland and England as early as the seventeenth century. Examples of the crow-stepped gable can be seen at Muchalls Castle and Monboddo House, both 17th century Scottish buildings. Other early examples are found in parts of Denmark and Sweden.
Gable ends of more recent buildings are often treated in the same way as the Classic pediment form. But unlike Classical structures, which operate through trabeation, the gable ends of many buildings are actually bearing-wall structures. Thus, the detailing tends to be ambiguous, misleading, and to some architects "deceitful".[why?] See: John Ruskin and The Seven Lamps of Architecture.
Gable end roofs are among the worst roof designs for hurricane regions. Not only do gable roofs easily peel off in hurricane winds, but according to one hurricane survival guide book, a gable end "catches wind like a sail."[this quote needs a citation] When wind flows over a gable roof it behaves much like a wing. Lift is created on the leeward side of the roof. The flatter the roof the more likely this will happen. Steep roofs tend to cause the wind to "stall" as it goes over the roof and breaks up the effect. The addition of a "vertical fin" to low pitched roofs will also help.
See also
- Bell-gable – Espadaña
- Crow-stepped gable
- Dutch gable
- Gablet roof
- Hip roof
- Cape Dutch architecture
- Roof damage by hurricane force winds in Bermuda The Fabian Experience, September 2003, page 5, Mark Rowe, Department of Environmental Protection, Government of Bermuda
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gables|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Virtual Microscope Relations
Physics Front Related Resources
A highly detailed animated tutorial on light microscopy, including simple and compound microscope anatomy, polarized microscopy, darkfield, and fluorescent microscopy. Appropriate for AP physics or for a course in electricity and magnetism.
An animated tutorial that describes how scanning probe microscopes work to "read" the surface of nanoscale samples and provide image data.
A link to the tutorial page of Virtual Microscope with animations on basic functions of SEM, AFM, and LM microscopy.
A link to an animated tutorial on the structure and function of a Scanning Electron Microscope. Appropriate for high school and undergraduate education.
Create a new relation


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The key for the EMMA data accuracy is that our SDK is integrated correctly. From EMMA recommend the tests are running before deploy your app in the stores for the very first time and periodically in each important app update.
How to create a Segment Test
You can create a segment test including your own devices in order to test the data collect or visualize the Communication formats:
1. Go to Behavior > Explore.
2. Select your principal KPI I want to see > Users and add the filter Device ID > equals >....Here you have to introduce your Advertising ID.
You can add as ID's as you want in the test segment, but they have to be separated by commas and without spaces between them.
3. Select Show to update the information and EMMA will locate your devices.
In the upper right you can see the number of devices matched. Then you have to select Saved as a new Segment to create the test segment:
4. Select a segment name and click on Accept (aceptar) to create it:
5. Your segment will be saved in EMMA and you can find it in the option of Load a previously saved Segment below the default EMMA filters:
IMPORTANT: if you want to delete the created segment, you only have to go to Load a previously saved Segment to find it and click on the trash icon which appears on the right:
How to reset an user
You can delete any device from the EMMA database in order to test your app and track your device as a new user (install) as many times as you want.
1. Login in EMMA and go to My Account. If you have several Apps, choose the one you want to reset the user from:
2. Click on the Test button and select Reset User:
3. EMMA will show you a message where you could insert your IDFA (for iOS) or your AAID (for Android). Click on OK to confirm the erased. Click here if you don't know what is your IDFA/AAID.
How to get your Device ID
You can use your advertising device ID to test your app as a new user (new install):
- For Android devices:
Go to Google Settings > Ads. Copy your advertising ID.
- For iOS devices:
Get this app and copy the advertising identifier (IDFA) row.
IMPORTANT: If you are using TestFlight, your ID could change. Review this point if you're having problems looking for your device into the Data Base or receiving communications.


Articles in English
Low-efficiency PCD's
Tuomas Pöysti 2020
In this article I studied how different pulley systems react to varying pulley efficiency, especially at low efficiency levels of carabiners. Mostly, all pulleys were considered equally inefficient.
PCD (progress capturing device) is a special pulley in this sense. There are popular PCD's that make even worse pulleys than carabiners. These include descenders and EN 15151-1 belay devices like Petzl I'D and Grigri, tube type belay devices with autoblocking mode and such.
For these devices, a general efficiency value 30% is not even a pessimistic one.
I tend to define pulley systems for analysis so that P1 is the most obvious PCD candidate. Let's study some pulley systems and find out how 30% P1 changes them compared to all-equal pulleys.
To learn more about pulley system analysis, read this article.
"Crevasse" and "Double mariner"
"All varying" means that efficiencies of all pulleys vary from 0 to 1. "30% PCD" is otherwise the similar, but P1 is constantly 30% efficient.
"Crevasse's" MA expression is
1 + P2 + P3 + P1P2 + P1P2P3
and "double mariner's"
1 + P2 + P3 + P1P2 + P1P3 + P2P3 + P1P2P3
Compared to all 80% pulleys, changing to 30% PCD drops the "crevasse's" MA by 0.4 and "double mariner's" MA by 1.1, the end results being 3.5:1 and 3.9:1, respectively.
If P1 is an inefficient pulley, the "double mariner" is an especially bad idea. Attaching the blue 2:1 to the rope on the right side of P1 adds second degree term P1P3 and third degree term P1P2P3 which in this case have respective values 0.3*0.8=0.24 and 0.3*0.8*0.8=0.19. The difference of 0.4 between said MA's is their sum, of course.
Simple pulleys
The simple 2:1, 4:1 and other systems with even ideal MA are a bit complicated when it comes to PCD, since P1 tends to be what I have elsewhere called a "positive" pulley. It cannot be connected to anchor – rather, these pulley systems work only as "drop loop", and while P1 is near the load, the system might as well be a "Z on V", a 2:1 pulled by a 3:1. Unless of course, the haul is short and there's no need for resetting.
On the other hand, simple systems beyond 5:1 are almost useless in the context of climbing equipment. It leaves us with the Z-rig and 5:1. Their MA expressions, respectively:
1 + P2 + P1P2
1 + P4 + P3P4 + P2P3P4 + P1P2P3P4
The Z-rig has calculated efficiency of 2.44:1 using only 80% pulleys. If P1 is dropped to 30%, the result is 2.04:1, a 16% drop.
The corresponding numbers for 5:1 are 3.36:1, 3.11:1 and 7%. For a change, something that goes at least relatively better with a higher MA simple pulley!
This is simple to explain. Check the MA expressions and see what kind of terms "bad" P1 gets to ruin in each case. In 5:1, it is the fourth degree term with value 0.8^4 = 0.41 to start with. In practice: P1 is "deep" inside the pulley system and only gets to tax what is left after all the other pulleys, and only a small fraction of MA is based on it.
Actually trying a 3:1 with a high friction PCD might be educating. As said, using a 30% PCD and 80% pulley as the "closer to hand" one, something like 2:1 can be expected as the effective MA. It is like having a 2:1 pulley, but at the same time just barely getting the slack pulled through the PCD. All you need to do is to stop expecting for any MA through the PCD, and you'll be happy!
The "lab mouse" pulley systems
Just to have some material to play with, let's take my "lab mouse" pulley systems in.
Their MA expressions in form of a table:
Let's try yet a different approach. Pulley systems also have efficiency. Naturally, it is the ratio between actual and ideal MA's – in this case calculated and ideal.
Here are two figures for each pulley system. First, their efficiencies assuming all 80% pulleys. Then, their efficiencies assuming 30% PCD and 80% efficient other pulleys.
B, D, E and F have high MA's and thus a bit lower efficiencies (they have more high degree terms). To be an 11:1, D is actually quite modest with high degree terms, and it shows in the figures.
Pay extra attention to A and C, though. They have especially few terms involving P1- that is, they are insensitive to P1. In general, none of the pulley systems in this article have first degree term P1, which is a very nice thing considering PCD's.
These pulley systems are generally more sensitive to P4. Here's what happens if P4 is 30% efficient and the rest are 80% (the yellow bars):
It is a nice consequence that the most obvious PCD location is typically a pulley, to which the pulley system is not very sensitive when it comes to efficiency. Maybe it's not a consequence, though – the PCD works best closest to load, whereas the most efficiency-wise important pulley is usually at the other end of the pulley system.
If the PCD happens to be especially sticky "pulley" such as a descender, pulley system analysis might help avoiding bad decisions.
2 replies on "Low-efficiency PCD's"
Dear Sir,
I find your posts very valuable and I read them even though I barely understand anything, since I have no knowledge of physics and math.
The reason is that I like pulleys and the "magic" of it.
I am better at understanding visually so I implore you to maybe make a video or a post with real pulleys with these suggestions and conclusions about how we are to make the best and most efficient pulley system, or the optimal system according to your knowledge.
Thank you for your kindness.
Hi Predrag,
It's good to hear there are other people interested in my stuff than just the most extreme nerds! Thank you for it and telling me.
That is a good idea. Real pulleys might make it easier to understand, and instead of numbers I could focus on graphic representation.
Leave a Reply


text:
In this section, we have explained in detail the concept of spiritual research.
In simple terms, spiritual research is researching the spiritual dimension or spiritual realm with the help of an advanced sixth sense (ESP). The spiritual realm is that which cannot be perceived through our five senses, mind and intellect. It includes the world of heaven, hell, angels, spirits, auras, ghosts etc.
The source of knowledge in this website is the Universal Mind and Intellect, which is God's mind and intellect. It is accessed through the medium of a highly advanced sixth sense.
We have divided this section into three parts to explain the concept of spiritual research:


Reopening Plan
2. Social Distancing
People will maintain (6) feet social distancing from one another, whenever possible, while at Shore.
- Tables and chairs will be spaced so that all individuals are at least 6 feet apart. The maximum capacities of our program rooms are based on 113 square feet per person.
- Classrooms, program rooms, therapy rooms, kitchens, break rooms will have defined and marked capacity based on the number of people that can be accommodated while maintaining social distancing.
- Additional chairs cannot be brought into break areas or program spaces to accommodate additional people.
- Staff will accompany individuals to bathrooms and any other areas to which they need access so that social distancing measures to the extent possible are maintained.
- Transitioning within buildings and transportation times where lines could form or multiple groups of people may coincide with one another will be scheduled, staggered, and will take more time and patience than in the past.
- Social distancing is particularly critical when masks are not work


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose both I and my friend have a set of integer numbers. We want to know the number of common elements in our two sets but without knowing elements of the sets of each other. So I don't want my friend to know any element of my set and he don't want me to know his. But we want to know how many elements are in the intersection of our two sets (without also knowing which elements these are).
Are there any algorithm to achieve this goal? One that will calculate the number of common elements using data from which it is very difficult to compute elements of our sets? Or its just impossible?
All elements of our sets are integers so we can use algorithms of computational number theory.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Answer. Yes! It is possible to do this, using the magic of secure multi-party computation. The security property we get is basically the best one could possibly hope for: namely, your friend learns nothing more about your set of numbers than the maximum he could have learned by choosing his set in a clever way and learning the size of the intersection; and your friend gets symmetrical protection against you.
The particular problem you list is known as the cardinality set intersection problem or cardinality private set intersection problem, and there has been considerable research on protocols for this problem.
One way to solve this problem is using the standard general-purpose machinery for secure two-party computation. The general-purpose tools for secure two-party computation can be applied directly to this problem, giving one way to do what you want.
Alternatively, researchers have devised special-purpose protocols designed especially to solve the cardinality set intersection problem. These special-purpose protocols are considerably more efficient than what you get if you apply the general-purpose methods. Here are some some pointers into the research literature in this area:
Mathematical details. Here's the basic idea behind Kissner and Song's approach:
 1. They encode each set as a polynomial: for example, the set S = {3,5,17} is encoded as the polynomial s(x) = (x-3)(x-5)(x-17), the set T = {4,12,17} is represented as t(x) = (x-4)(x-12)(x-17), and so on. In general, a polynomial p(x) represents the set of roots of p(x), i.e., the set {a : p(a)=0}.
 2. Given polynomials s(x),t(x) representing the sets S,T, we can compute a polynomial u(x) representing the intersection U = S ∩ T, by picking random polynomials q(x),r(x) and computing
 u(x) = q(x)*s(x) + r(x)*t(x).
 Note that the roots of u(x) are (with high probability) exactly the common roots of s(x),t(x), i.e., u(a)=0 usually happens only when s(a)=t(a)=0.
 For example, if with sets S,T defined as in 1 above, we might pick q(x) = 2x^3 + 7x^2 + x - 3 and r(x) = 14x^3 + 3x^2 - 2x + 5. Then we can calculate u(x) = 16 x^6 - 502 x^5 +... - 3315, whose only integer root is x=17. This corresponds to the fact that U = S ∩ T = {17}.
 3. They use Pallier's additively homomorphic public-key encryption scheme. In particular, you and your friend jointly generate a Paillier public/private keypair, so that both of you know the public key but the private key is shared between you (it is only possible to decrypt if both of you jointly participate). There are known ways to do this.
 4. You take your set S, encode it as a polynomial s(x), and encrypt each coefficient under the Paillier public key, and send the resulting encrypted polynomial to your friend. Your friend takes his set T, encodes it as a polynomial t(x), encrypt each coefficient under the Paillier public key, and send the resulting encrypted polynomial to you. You jointly generate random polynomials q(x),r(x) (there are known ways to do this). Then, using the additively homomorphic properties of Paillier encryption, you can both compute an encrypted form of the polynomial u(x) = q(x)*s(x) + r(x)*t(x), where you get the encrypted value of each coefficient of u(x). You each share the value of u(x) you got with the other person.
 5. For each element a of your set S, you evaluate the encrypted polynomial at a, thus learning the encryption of u(a), call it E(u(a)) (the additively homomorphic properties of Paillier encryption allow you to do this), and then you pick a random non-zero value c and multiply to get E(c*u(a)). You do this separately for each element of your set, so you get |S| encrypted values, you shuffle them, and send them to your friend. Your friend does the same with his set and sends you a shuffled set of |T| encrypted values.
 In the running example, you'd learn the encryption of u(3), u(5), and u(17), you'd pick random non-zero values, say 8, 2, 5, and you'd share E(8*u(3)), E(2*u(5)), and E(5*u(17)) with your friend in random order. In this case u(3)=-50904, u(5)=152880, u(17)=0, so you'd be sharing E(8*-50904), E(2*152880), and E(0), in random order. Your friend would do something similar with his set.
 6. Finally, you and your friend jointly decrypt the encrypted values you've shared with each other, using the shared private key. You count how many zeros you see in the decrypted values your friend sent you. Your friend counts how many zeros are present in the decrypted values you sent him. This is the number of values you had in common, i.e., the cardinality of |S ∩ T|.
I've introduced some simplifications (e.g., all computations have to be done in an appropriate group, and many others). Please don't try to implement based upon this description alone. See Kissner and Song's paper for the full details. You might also look into the subsequent literature; there have been some follow-on papers that claim to improve their scheme to get better performance, though I'm not familiar with all the details. Also, in a real implementation, you'd need to add some zero-knowledge proofs at each step, to prove that each participant correctly performed their own computation (i.e., to lift from the honest-but-curious model to the malicious model). There has been follow-on research on that problem as well.
Summary. As you can see, this gets highly technical -- but the bottom line is that this problem has been studied in detail before, and there exist clever, beautiful, efficient solutions to it.
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Not a complete answer, but it seems like the possible range of numbers needs to be very large and the actual numbers highly unpredictable. Otherwise, regardless of the specific algorithm, your "friend" could claim to have many or all of the numbers in his set and then learn information about how many you have in yours. If you were willing to perform the experiment repeatedly (and most automated systems are) the friend could learn your numbers through iterative refinement.
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Yes, this is unavoidable. However: it is possible to limit the information leakage, simply by limiting the number of times you will run the protocol. Moreover: There exist protocols that achieve the best security that is achievable, i.e., that leak nothing more than this information (a fact that I find rather amazing and beautiful). See my answer. – D.W. Aug 18 '11 at 7:44
How about this idea:
 - We'll assume that the integers in the sets are all in the range [2, N] for some agreed-upon N. (why is the start of the range '2'? Because the below protocol doesn't work with the element 1; if the set has a different range, it is straight-forward to have a public mapping between the values that the set can be, and the range [2, N], if need be)
We'll call side 1's set E_i, and side 2's set F_i.
 - Both sides agree on a prime p with the properties:
 - Both p and (p-1)/2 are prime
 - (p-1)/2 > N
 - p is large enough that the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem is infeasible (decisional DH problem? Well, if the dDH problem was feasible, someone could attempt to attempt to use it to find matching pairs).
Phase 1:
 - Side 1 select a random value 1 <= e < (p-1)/2, computes the values P_i = (E_i)^(2e) mod p, shuffle those values into random order, and sends those values to side 2. (why 2e? Well, it's so that someone won't be able to use whether the elements were Quadratic Residues as a tag


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Symbolism can be seen in architecture of S.L. Temple
Lynn Arave - Nov. 27, 2008
The 40 years of labor it took to construct the Salt Lake Temple — much of it without the help of machines — have come to symbolize the extreme dedication, sacrifice, self-reliance and faith that early members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah possessed. However, the outside (like the inside) of the iconic structure contains a wealth of symbols and representations.
"Notable among all LDS temples, the Salt Lake Temple includes significant symbolism in its architecture," the Encyclopedia of Mormonism states.
The Salt Lake Temple "stands as an isolated mass of the everlasting hills.? As nearly as any work of man may so do. It suggests duration," Elder James E. Talmage wrote in "The House of the Lord."
While it would be improper to discuss the inside of the sacred temple's symbolism, the outside of the sacred edifice has been publicly written about over the years — because anyone can view that aspect.
Here's a look at highlights of the temple's extensive outside symbolism.


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The display name will often have a space within it. The channel id is that used in embed codes and link URLs.
For example, a channel might have a channel id of 'foodwishes' and a display name of 'Food Wishes TV'. The channel id is what you need to use with our video embedding plugin.


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Laryngeal Cleft
Every child has a breathing tube starting at the nose and mouth and extending into the lungs. He or she also has a feeding tube just behind the breathing tube that brings food and liquid to the stomach. If there is a connection at the very top of these two tubes, we call this a laryngeal cleft. If the connection is in the middle of these two tubes, we call this a fistula.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Laryngeal clefts begin at the very top of the two tubes. Imagine a zipper unzipping, and you can understand how deep clefts can be. If the zipper unzips only to the level of the vocal cords, then it is a type 1 cleft. If the zipper unzips all the way down so there is a connection all the way down the two pipes, this is a type 4 cleft.
Type 2,3, and 4 clefts require surgical repair so that the child does not continue to aspirate (a condition in which food or liquid is trapped in the lungs) and develop chronic lung problems. Some children with type 1 clefts eventually outgrow them, so if they can managed on thickened feeds and are not getting pneumonia, often we wait until they are 2 or 3 before making a decision whether or not to operate.
laryngeal cleft classification
The image above shows a popularized grading system for classifying the degree of severity of laryngeal cleft.
laryngeal cleft
Laryngeal Cleft: This photograph represents a child with laryngeal cleft before surgery.
post op
Postoperative Laryngeal Cleft: This photograph represents a child with laryngeal cleft after surgical repair.
For more information about laryngeal cleft, please speak with your child's physician.


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"It was very geeky."
That's how scientist Dr. Michael Rieders explained months of hard work to collect, identify and preserve the DNA of Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dali.
Rieders, who works as a forensic toxicologist at NMS Labs in Willow Grove, has had a lifelong interest in Dali because of the artist's use of DNA imagery in some of his paintings.
"He was so capable of capturing scientific discoveries," says Rieders. "He did several really fascinating studies on DNA and, being a forensic scientist, that's right up my alley."
This fascination turned into an international project when Rieders became interested in finding an artifact that held Dali's DNA. After working with The Salvador Dali Gallery in California, Rieders got in touch with Robert and Nicholas Descharnes, who are the world's foremost authenticators of Dali artwork and were among his closest friends.
The Descharneses, who helped care for Dali before his death 18 years ago, had preserved a feeding tube used while Dali was hospitalized. Rieders later found it to hold biological material that allowed him to isolate the artist's DNA.
Though Rieders says that the isolation of the DNA was his initial goal, his success has generated interest in using Dali's DNA in studies to determine whether a gene exists for creativity or genius.
"Everyone knows that Dali was a bit of an unusual individual," says Rieders. "Perhaps there is some genetic explanation for it."
Though Rieders remains skeptical that a gene for creative genius exists, he says that it is possible that Dali's DNA could hold genes that may be identified as being susceptible to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, which could have contributed to his outlandish behavior.
Another more immediate use for the DNA would be for art authentication, since Dali is thought to have blessed his artwork with a biological signature. It's not unusual for artists to do this, Rieders says, and various accounts in Dali lore have indicated that the artist used bodily fluids on his art.
Art authenticators would then be able to use DNA-matching to identify true Dali artwork from imposters and may even find more of the artist's work that had not been signed.
Though Rieders recognizes the many implications of his discovery, he remains committed to finding more samples of Dali's DNA in order to be completely sure that the DNA is really his.
"All I really wanted to do was the scientist thing," says Rieders. "Now there's a lot of interest in what we could do with it."


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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN BUILD PROGRAM IN GUATEMALA
Winter Quarter 2009: Outdoor Classroom
The Winter Design/Build 2008 Program offers students a unique service learning opportunity to study in one of the world's most interesting countries, Guatemala. Rich in Mayan history and culture, Guatemala is an ecologically important with great swaths of forested land still intact and populations of endangered species threatened. This program is designed to meet two primary goals. First it offers students the opportunity to explore, observe and study in this unique country and gain insight into a unique culture and appreciate its vernacular environmental design. Second, the opportunity to work with a unique client and design and build an invaluable open space that will nurture and stimulate the children, their families and the community of garbage pickers.
Students will work with the client, Safe Passage (see description below), and the faculty to design and build an "outdoor classroom". Students will learn the skills of small culturally appropriate site design and construction detailing through this intensive project. The process is formed around the collaborative model of inclusive design. Once the design is completed, each student will take on individual responsibilities for various aspects of the project. The rapid pace of both the design and construction will demand a deep level of commitment and responsibility. In the design phase, students will be taught graphics, site design, and construction documentation and learn what a "therapeutic garden" is and how it might function. In the building phase, students will be taught the principles and methodologies of construction, how to use tools, calculate materials and cost estimating. The students will also learn through the children and volunteers of Safe Passage and gain insight into how people survive in radically different cultures and in great depravation.
The park site is located in Zona #3, one of the poorest neighborhoods in the Guatemala City. The site, a former garbage dump has been partially cleared and a wall was recently erected around its perimeter to prevent land invasions and a pre-school is currently being erected on the park site. The park is surrounded on two sides by the squatter community, on another by the garbage dump; the largest in the city, where the families scavenge.
Goals of the Project
- The creation of a park (Children's Peace Park) to be used by the children of Safe Passage to reduce their daily stresses, and accommodate a range of activities including vocational training, recreation and ecological awareness. The park will also serve as a therapeutic environment and safe refuge within the often violent and dangerous squatter community.
- In a working session with Safe Passage children and staff and the U of WA's students and faculty develop a program that meets the needs of the existing and planned future programs for Safe Passage.
- Develop construction documents that articulate the design intent and can be implemented within the construction budget.
- Implement the third phase of the park and work with the Safe Passage's staff and administrators to complete a maintenance plan.
Outcome of the Project
- The creation of a therapeutic learning environment that accommodates the therapeutic, academic, vocational, and recreational goals of the Safe Passage curriculum.
- The creation of a replicable community service model.
- Conduct a continuing evaluation based on follow up interviews over the next two years, to monitor and evaluate the park and document its use.
Landscape Architecture Design Build Program
The University of Washington Landscape Architecture Design Build Program has been asked by Camino Segura/Safe Passage a non-governmental agency based in Antigua Guatemala to design and build a number of components in a Park designed for children and to be used as a part of their educational outreach and support program. The children are from the families of the garbage pickers who were pulled out of school by their families to harvest garbage for resale in an effort to increase the family income. Safe Passage is supporting the children in their effort to gain an education and break the cycle of dropouts/garbage picking. The park will be integrated into the programs curriculum and is intended to offer therapeutic, educational, vocational and recreation support and opportunities.
Students will work with the client, Safe Passage (staff, administrators and children (see description below), and the faculty to design and build an "interactive landscape. Students will learn the skills of small site design and construction detailing, management, community participation.
The Landscape Architecture Design Build Program in Guatemala will be taught by Daniel Winterbottom, Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture, Urban Design, and Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture. The Design/Build Program was initiated by Professor Winterbottom in 1995 and over the past decade has completed a diverse range of projects. The projects include a public wash facility for a rural community in central Mexico; several projects in Seattle including an intergenerational play and recreational area, an outdoor classroom and environmental learning facility, a community adopt-a-park in the Cascade neighborhood, two formerly paved spaces on the UW's west campus that were transformed into green space for staff and students; and a series of gardens for a foster home for children with AIDS in New York City.
Camino Seguro/Safe Passage
Located in both Guatemala City and Antigua, Guatemala, Safe Passage was founded in 1999 in an effort to help the poorest of Guatemala's children break out of poverty in a dignified and permanent way through education. Working with children living near the garbage dump, Safe Passage has turned the dream of education into a reality for more than 500 children.
Children are the hidden victims of poverty. As innocent victims, born into poverty, they are forced by their parents to drop out of school and work aside their families to pick through the garbage and sell what they can, to eke out their minimal survival, amidst the domestic violence, alcoholism, and drug and sexual abuse that plagues their neighborhoods.
Safe Passage offers a wide range of services for the children of these families. By providing ongoing school support in the form of school enrollment, supplies, books and uniforms, Safe Passage supports children in twelve area public schools. Each child can earn assistance with clothing, shoes and other needed items, by regularly attending school and the daily reinforcement program. Safe Passage also provides home and school visits to provide each child with additional support and a powerful awareness that someone cares deeply about them and their future.
The reinforcement program assists children with their homework and provides creative, meaningful hands on activities to reinforce their skills. Safe Passage depends on local and foreign volunteers to provide the children with individual attention they so desperately need. Volunteers are instrumental in the planning and administration of these activities. The park will play a significant role in the activities Safe Passage administers. It is intended to be a place of learning, recreation, exploration and healing. As a safe place, where children can express themselves as children, they will also learn about their local culture and ecology. The park will be a unique refuge in a neighborhood torn between poverty, violence and despair.
This collaborative relationship between the Safe Passage and the University of Washington offers a wonderful opportunity to combine teaching, research and to develop across discipline interaction between the Safe Passage personnel and the Department of Landscape Architecture. The design/build program represents an innovative model for teaching, intellectual exchange and service learning, and when realized, will provide a valuable community asset for the people of Zona #3 Guatemala City.
Courses and Credits
Students will receive 12 quarter credits.
Course credit will be discussed with each accepted student to the Guatemala Program. Currently enrolled UW Landscape Architecture students must meet with the graduate or undergraduate program coordinators PRIOR to departure for approval of coursework listed below:
LARC 498/598, 6-credit Design Build Studio
LARC 411, 3-credit Landscape Graphics
LARC 499/600, 3-credit Independent Study
The Guatemala Design Build Landscape Program will begin in Antigua, Guatemala on January 7th, 2009 and end on March 6th, 2009. During this time, participants will see Guatemala City and travel within the country to see natural and cultural sites.
Preparation and Orientation
A preparatory 1- credit seminar course (L Arch 498B/598B) will be taught by Professor Winterbottom in Fall Quarter 2008 beginning October 1st 2008. This class is not required, but is recommended for all students enrolled in the program. In addition, all students are required to complete a mandatory on-line orientation prior to departure. The on-line orientation provides information on concurrent enrollment, financial aid, grades, insurance and much more. It can be found on-line at _URL_
Housing & Meals
All student housing between January 7th and March 6th, 2009will be provided by the program. Housing in Antigua will be in hotel or dormitory rooms with multiple occupancy. Most of the food in Antigua will be provided by the program except meals during the student's assigned days off. Snacks and other food items will be at the student's expense. We are organizing potential field trips, however these are subject to change.
All transportation during the program, except as noted below, will be provided by the program. Students are responsible for round trip air travel to Guatemala, any public transportation and housing during days off, and any travel within Guatemala or outside of the country, after the program ends.
To enable you to estimate costs, a round trip plane flight from Seattle is approximately $500.00.
Guatemala City is a relatively large city and accessible by bus or taxicabs. Antigua is a relatively small city and accessible by walking or taxicabs.
Physical Conditions and Medical Precautions
The program will take place in an impoverished urban site. Because of this, students will be required to have a pre-departure physical and to arrange for the recommended inoculations. If you have an existing medical condition, discuss this with your doctor so that s/he can assess your needs prior


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Tired of Flat Soda? Use This Trick to Keep Two-Liter Bottles of Soda Fizzy Longer
A flat soda tastes awful. It's almost as bad as drinking a room temperature milkshake. Of course, you can always opt to buy single-serving cans or 20 ounce bottles, but that's always going to be more expensive than 2-liters.
The problem with 2-liter bottles of coke is that they get flat fast. For those of you with tons of money to blow, you could just get the Fizz Keeper cap, which adds pressure to carbonated drinks by pumping air inside that helps keep the dissolved gas from leaking out.
If you're the DIY type, you could always make your own version with a tire valve and use a tire inflater.
Even then, you run into the problem of having your friends laugh at you every time you pull out your Coke or Pepsi (or whatever). So, while opting for a product like that would probably work, the science behind it works with far inferior and cheaper methods.
The cooler it is, the better it will keep. Basically, in order to keep a dissolved gas in a solution longer, that solution must be as cold as possible. That's why cold soda is so much harder to chug when it's cool.
ASAP. As soon as you open up your soda bottle, pour your drinks and put the cap back on immediately, screwing it on as tightly as you can.
It may not be the prettiet method, but it definitely does the trick. After you pour some soda (maybe around 60 percent) out of the bottle you can squeeze the bottle to remove as much excess air as you can.
Now, why does this help you ask?
It's all about Henry's Law, which states that, "At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid."
Yeah, totally makes sense right?
Pretty much, when you first buy a bottle of soda, the space above the liquid is almost pure carbon dioxide (CO2). So when you twist it, that hissing sound is the CO2 coming out. Now, if you leave a bottle half-full of soda sitting around, the CO2 will seep out much faster because of the lower amount of pressure and the larger amount of space above the liquid (soda).
So, by crushing the bottle, you in turn decrease the space above the solution and increase the amount of pressure inside the container.
Interesting fact: PepsiCo introduced the first two-liter bottle of soda in 1970.
This may be the most obvious thing to say, but expired soda just doesn't taste as good as the fresh stuff. Carbon dioxide and air can actually diffuse through the plastic, so no matter how tight your screw that cap on, there's always going to be some gas leakage.
Do you know of any other methods to keep your sodas from going flat? Let us know in the comments.


Anosov $C^{1}$-diffeomorphism. Smale and Williams (see [H(1970)]) proved the following nice theorem. \proclaim {Theorem 4.1} Assume that the set of periodic points of $T$ is dense in $\bom$. If $F$ is a compact invariant subset of $\bom$ satisfying $\text {\rm codim}_\bom\ F \ge 1$, then $\text {\rm codim}_\bom\ F \ge 2 $. \endproclaim The combination of Theorem 4.1 with our weak Lemma 2.1 provides a strong ball-avoiding statement for smooth systems: \proclaim {Corollary} For any $B \neq \emptyset \subset \bom$ open, $A_\Bbb Z(B)$ is a closed set of topological codimension is at least two. \endproclaim \demo {Proof of the Corollary} Topological transitivity, the invariance of $A_\Bbb Z (B)$, and the openness of $B$ imply that $\text {\rm Int} A_\Bbb Z (B) \neq \emptyset$. Proposition 3.3 then proves the claim. \enddemo \qed \demo {Proof of Theorem 4.1} Throughout the whole paper we will denote by $\{\gamma^s\}$ and $\{\gamma^u\}$ the invariant foliations defined by the dynamics in question, and by $\gamma^s_{\varepsilon}(x)$ and $ \gamma^u_{\varepsilon}(x)$ the local invariant manifolds of size $\varepsilon$ through the point $x$. Denote by $\Cal P$ the set of periodic points of $\bom \setminus F$. We use the following simple statements: \noindent {\it Claim 1.} $\Cal P$ is dense in $\bom$. \noindent {\it Claim 2.} If $x \in \Cal P$, then $\gamma^u(x) \cap F = \gamma^s(x) \cap F = \emptyset$. These claims easily provide the truth of the Theorem. Indeed, let $y \in F$ and choose $\varepsilon > 0$ small. The foliations $\{\gamma^u\}$, $\{\gamma^s\}$ define a local product structure and using it we can consider a parallelogram $\gamma^u_\varepsilon (y) \times \gamma^s_\varepsilon (y)$. Moreover, we define $ F_0 = F \cap (\gamma^u_\varepsilon(y) \times \gamma^s_\varepsilon (y))$. By Claim 2, for any $x \in \Cal P$, $(\gamma^u(x) \cup \gamma^s(x)) \cap F = \emptyset$, and, consequently, $F_0 \subset (\gamma^u_\varepsilon (y) \setminus \cup_{x \in \Cal P}\gamma^s(x)) \times (\gamma^s_\varepsilon (y) \setminus \cup_{x \in \Cal P}\gamma^u(x))$. Claim 1 and Proposition 3.3 then say that the factors of the previous product set have codimension at least one each. Hence the Theorem follows by the product theorem (cf. Theorem III.4 of [H-W(1941)]). Let us now prove Claim 1. Take an arbitrary open subset $G$ of $\bom$. The open set $G \setminus F$ is not empty for otherwise we would have $\dim F = n$. Since $\Cal P$ was dense in $\bom \setminus F$, we also have $(G \setminus F) \cap \Cal P \neq \emptyset$. Turn next to Claim 2. We prove $\gamma^s(x) \cap F = \emptyset$ for an arbitrary $x \in \Cal P$. Assume $T^px =x$. Select an open neighbourhood $G$ of $x$ disjoint from $F$. By invariance, $(\cup_{n \in \Bbb Z} T^n G) \cap F = \emptyset$. Now for any $y \in \gamma^s(x)$\ \ $\rho(T^{kp}y, x) \to 0$ if $k \to \infty$, and thus, for $k$ sufficiently large, $T^{kp}y \in G$ implying $y \notin F $. \enddemo \qed \noindent {\bf Remark 4.2.} After the aforementioned result, the study of compact invariant subsets was continued --- among others by Franks [F(1977)], Hancock [H(1978)] and Ma\~n\'e [M(1978)]. Since the sets $A_\br(B)$ provide natural examples of compact, invariant subsets --- in fact, all compact invariant subsets are of this form ---, this description has been used by several authors. In particular, for every $0 \le k \le d-2$, Przytycki [P(1980)] found examples of sets $B_k$ such that $\dim A_\br(B_k) = k$. \heading 5. A Strong Ball-Avoiding Theorem for Hyperbolic Systems (With or Without Singularities) \endheading \bigskip \bigskip For simplicity, we formulate the theorem for discrete time groups $\ddina$ of hyperbolic systems since the generalization to continuous time is straightforward. Our setup is that $\bom$ is a compact $C^\infty$-manifold and $\mu$ is a smooth, invariant probability measure. We also want to permit singularities as it is done in [L-W(1995)] or in [Y(1998)] or in [Ch(1998)]. For saving space, we do not list the conditions formulated in these works since we only use some standard consequences of them. Namely: the $\mu$-a. e. existence of the local invariant manifolds and the absolute continuity of the canonical isomorphism between them, and further the simple fact that if in case of singularities we define trajectory branches as it is described, for instance, in????, then can always be considered continuous on these trajectory branches. On the other hand, the kind of hyperbolicity needed will be implicitly ensured by our assumptions. Start with the corresponding definition. \proclaim {Definition 5.1} A point $x \in \bom$ is called {\sl a zigzag point} if one can find arbitrary small open neighbourhoods $U$ of $x$ such that for every zero-set $A \subset \bom$ there exists another zero-set $A'\supset A$ with the property: for every $y, y' \in U \setminus A'$ there exists a chain (also called Hopf-chain) $$ \g_{\text {loc}}^u(z_0), \g_{\text {loc}}^s(z_1), \g_{\text {loc}}^u(z_1), \g_{\text {loc}}^s(z_2), \dots, \g_{\text {loc}}^u(z_{n-1}), \g_{\text {loc}}^s(z_n) $$ (here $z_0=y, z_n=y'$) of local unstable and stable invariant manifolds inside $U$ such that each intersection $$ \g_{\text {loc}}^u(z_i)\cap \g_{\text {loc}}^s(z_{i+1}) \qquad \qquad \qquad (i=0, \dots, n-1) $$ and $$ \g_{\text {loc}}^s(z_i)\cap \g_{\text {loc}}^u(z_i) =\{z_i\} \qquad \qquad \qquad (i=1, \dots, n-1) $$ consists of exactly one point belonging to $U\setminus A'$. \endproclaim The following theorem generalizes Lemma 4.3 of \kssw, and its proof is also based on its ideas. \proclaim {Theorem 5.2} Assume that \roster \item "{(i)}" the group $\ddina$ is mixing; \item "{(ii)}" for the subset $Z$ of zigzag points of $\bom$, $\bom \setminus Z$ is slim; \item "{(iii)}" $B\neq \emptyset\ (\subset \bom)$ is open; \item "{(iv)}" $H\ (\subset \bz)$ satisfies\ $ \sup H = -\inf H = \infty.$ \endroster Then $A_H(B)\ (\subset \bom)$ is a closed zero-set of codimension at least two. \endproclaim \noindent {\bf Remark 5.3.} For the first glance, condition (ii) of Theorem 5.2, as formulated, might seem too restrictive, but, fortunately, this is not the case. In the case of hyperbolic systems with singularities, with billiards included (cf. [L-W(1995)]), the singularities, to be denoted by $\Cal S$


Insider Tips News
How to Avoid Coronavirus on a Train
Since March worldwide travel has been crippled by Coronavirus and until a credible vaccine is developed, we will have to do our best to avoid catching the virus. So what can you do if you're planning on travelling on a train during your vacation?
Well it pays to know firstly what you're up against. Coronavirus spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes or exhales small droplets filled with the virus into the air. These droplets can enter the body through the eyes, nose and mouth, either directly or after touching a contaminated object. According to scientists, the risk indoors, in enclosed spaces, is higher than outdoors.
Train companies throughout the world have installed their own safety procedures and these vary company by company. Meanwhile, companies running vacation train journeys have also created their own on-board safety procedures, but you can also help to stay safe by following these general guidelines.
Get fresh air
Good indoor ventilation will help you stay safe so try and find a seat near to an open window or by a door so you'll get some fresh air when the doors open at stations.
Wear a face mask
You should wear a face mask in the station where you are boarding your train and also on the train unless you are eating or drinking. Any food you eat should be pre packaged. Avoid any food that be touched or breathed on by fellow passengers.
Wash your hands
Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds when you get on the train and before and after you eat. If soap and water aren't available use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This should contain between 60% and 95% alcohol.
Use wipes
Take a stash of anti-bacterial wipes with you so you can wipe down the arms of your seat and also the table you are using on board. You should also use these if you're touching door handles or escalator handrails.
Avoid touching your face as much as you can as the virus enters your body through the nose, mouth and eyes.


text:
The Feasibility Pump (FP) is one of the best-known primal heuristics for mixed-integer programming (MIP): more than 15 papers suggested various modifications of all of its steps. So far, no variant considered information across multiple iterations, but all instead maintained the principle to optimize towards a single reference integer point. In this paper, we evaluate the usage of multiple reference vectors in all stages of the FP algorithm. In particular, we use LP-feasible vectors obtained during the main loop to tighten the variable domains before entering the computationally expensive enumeration stage. Moreover, we consider multiple integer reference vectors to explore further optimizing directions and introduce alternative objective scaling terms to balance the contributions of the distance functions and the original MIP objective. Our computational experiments demonstrate that the new method can improve performance on general MIP test sets. In detail, our modifications provide a 29.3% solution quality improvement and 4.0% running time improvement in an embedded setting, needing 16.0% fewer iterations over a large test set of MIP instances. In addition, the method's success rate increases considerably within the first few iterations. In a standalone setting, we also observe a moderate performance improvement, which makes our version of FP suitable for the two main use-cases of the algorithm.
ZIB Report July 2022


text:
Of New Testament origin: from a post-classical Latin personal name, a feminine diminutive of the Roman family name Priscus 'ancient'. Priscilla was the name of a woman with whom St Paul stayed at Corinth (Acts 18:3), referred to elsewhere as Prisca. The name was in regular use in the late 16th century and enjoyed a modest vogue in the 19th century.
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational name for a tiler, from an agent derivative of Middle High German ziegel 'roof tile' (Old High German ziagal, from Latin tegula), German Ziegel. In the Middle Ages the term came to denote bricks as well as tiles, and so in some cases the term may have denoted a brickmaker or bricklayer rather than a tiler.


text:
that it is pairing up with an existing electron.
Students sometimes wonder why the next ionisation energies don't fall because of the repulsion caused by the electrons pairing up, in the same way it falls between, say, nitrogen and oxygen.
Between nitrogen and oxygen, the pairing up is a new factor, and the repulsion outweighs the effect of the extra proton. But between oxygen and fluorine the pairing up isn't a new factor, and the only difference in this case is the extra proton. So relative to oxygen, the ionisation energy of fluorine is greater. And, similarly, the ionisation energy of neon is greater still.
Trends in ionisation energy down a group
As you go down a group in the Periodic Table ionisation energies generally fall. You have already seen evidence of this in the fact that the ionisation energies in period 3 are all less than those in period 2.
Taking Group 1 as a typical example:
Why is the sodium value less than that of lithium?
There are 11 protons in a sodium atom but only 3 in a lithium atom, so the nuclear charge is much greater. You might have expected a much larger ionisation energy in sodium, but offsetting the nuclear charge is a greater distance from the nucleus and more screening.
Lithium's outer electron is in the second level, and only has the 1s2 electrons to screen it. The 2s1 electron feels the pull of 3 protons screened by 2 electrons - a net pull from the centre of 1+.
The sodium's outer electron is in the third level, and is screened from the 11 protons in the nucleus by a total of 10 inner electrons. The 3s1 electron also feels a net pull of 1+ from the centre of the atom. In other words, the effect of the extra protons is compensated for by the effect of the extra screening electrons. The only factor left is the extra distance between the outer electron and the nucleus in sodium's case. That lowers the ionisation energy.
Similar explanations hold as you go down the rest of this group - or, indeed, any other group.
Trends in ionisation energy in a transition series
Apart from zinc at the end, the other ionisation energies are all much the same.
All of these elements have an electronic structure [Ar]3dn4s2 (or 4s1 in the cases of chromium and copper). The electron being lost always comes from the 4s orbital.
Note: The 4s orbital has a higher energy than the 3d in the transition elements. That means that it is a 4s electron which is lost from the atom when it forms an ion. It also means that the 3d orbitals are slightly closer to the nucleus than the 4s - and so offer some screening.
Confusingly, this is inconsistent with what we say when we use the Aufbau Principle to work out the electronic structures of atoms.
I have discussed this in detail in the page about the order of filling 3d and 4s orbitals.
If you are a teacher or a very confident student then you might like to follow this link.
If you aren't so confident, or are coming at this for the first time, I suggest that you ignore it. Remember that the Aufbau Principle (which uses the assumption that the 3d orbitals fill after the 4s) is just a useful way of working out the structures of atoms, but that in real transition metal atoms the 4s is actually the outer, higher energy orbital.
As you go from one atom to the next in the series, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, but so also does the number of 3d electrons. The 3d electrons have some screening effect, and the extra proton and the extra 3d electron more or less cancel each other out as far as attraction from the centre of the atom is concerned.
The rise at zinc is easy to explain.
In each case, the electron is coming from the same orbital, with identical screening, but the zinc has one extra proton in the nucleus and so the attraction is greater. There will be a degree of repulsion between the paired up electrons in the 4s orbital, but in this case it obviously isn't enough to outweigh the effect of the extra proton.
Note: This is actually very similar to the increase from, say, sodium to magnesium in the third period. In that case, the outer electronic structure is going from 3s1 to 3s2. Despite the pairing-up of the electrons, the ionisation energy increases because of the extra proton in the nucleus. The repulsion between the 3s electrons obviously isn't enough to outweigh this either.
I don't know why the repulsion between the paired electrons matters less for electrons in s orbitals than in p orbitals (I don't even know whether you can make that generalisation!). I suspect that it has to do with orbital shape and possibly the greater penetration of s electrons towards the nucleus, but I haven't been able to find any reference to this anywhere. In fact, I haven't been able to find anyone who even mentions repulsion in the context of paired s electrons!
If you have any hard information on this, could you contact me via the address on the about this site page.
Ionisation energies and reactivity
The lower the ionisation energy, the more easily this change happens:
You can explain the increase in reactivity of the Group 1 metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) as you go down the group in terms of the fall in ionisation energy. Whatever these metals react with, they have to form positive ions in the process, and so the lower the ionisation energy, the more easily those ions will form.
The danger with this approach is that the formation of the positive ion is only one stage in a multi-step process.
For example, you wouldn't be starting with gaseous atoms; nor would you end up with gaseous positive ions - you would end up with ions in a solid or in solution. The energy changes in these processes also vary from element to element. Ideally you need to consider the whole picture and not just one small part of it.
However, the ionisation energies of the elements are going to be major contributing factors towards the activation energy of the reactions. Remember that activation energy is the minimum energy needed before a reaction will take place. The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction will be - irrespective of what the overall energy changes in the reaction are.
The fall in ionisation energy as you go down a group will lead to lower activation energies and therefore faster reactions.
Note: You will find a page discussing this in more detail in the inorganic section of this site dealing with the reactions of Group 2 metals with water.
© Jim Clark 2000 (last modified August 2016)


text:
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Simms, William Gilmore
|←Sigourney, Mrs. Lydia||A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by
Simms, William Gilmore
Simms, William Gilmore (_PHONE_). -- Novelist, etc., b. at Charleston, South Carolina, began his literary life with journalism. He then for some time tried poetry, but without any distinct success except occasionally in Southern Passages and Pictures (1839). But in fiction, which he began in 1833 with Martin Faber, he was more successful, though rather an imitator of Cooper. The Yemassee (1835) is generally considered his best novel. He was less happy in his attempts at historical romance, such as Count Julian and The Damsel of Darien. During the war, in which he was naturally a strong partisan of the South, he was ruined, and his library was burned; and from these disasters he never recovered. He hadpage 345 a high repute as a journalist, orator, and lecturer. He was the first Southerner to achieve any name in literature.


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It's short-sighted – dramatically changing Michigan's landscape
To meet a 25 percent renewable standard, Michigan would need at least 5,000 megawatts more of renewable energy generating capacity.
If the state relied solely on wind energy to meet the requirement, it would need as many as 3,100 wind turbines, each taller than the state Capitol, all across Michigan – and maybe even in the Great Lakes. These wind farms would require about 500,000 acres of land, nearly six times the size of Detroit or 17 times the size of Grand Rapids.
Relying primarily on solar energy would significantly raise the price tag. And erecting that many wind turbines or solar panels in such a short time period would likely require the state to override local government control to reach 25 percent by 2025.


text:
Can static illusions be cast on and move with moving objects?
As a 20th-level Illusionist Wizard, I can make an illusion of:
- a functioning volcano (Mirage Arcane)
- or a ferocious monster (Major Image)
- that can even deal damage (Phantasmal Force)
But using an illusion spell, can I, for example:
- put an illusory sweater on my dog?
- put an illusory blade on the end of my normal wooden staff that follows the staff even while I use it? (it would look scary!)
- put an illusory vase on a table, which moves with the table if the table is pushed? (it wouldn't get knocked over, of course)
Note: This question is about the general function and utility of illusion spells as a school of spells in 5e rather than about a specific spell. If specific illusion spells give different answers, that is a valuable part of the answer to this question.
Illusions can be cast at a place on the ground, and they stay there unless the spell gives you the ability to move them.
If the ground moves, does the illusion move? Does the D&D world spin like Earth does or fly through space? If so, the illusion usually moves with the ground on which it was cast.
Can an illusion spell such as Minor Illusion or Silent Image be cast on an object such as a sword or a table? If that object is then moved, does the illusion move with it? What about an illusory hat on my ally's head?
Put another way, what is the reference frame in which an illusion is cast, and is this something the caster can choose?
Clarification: I am not asking if I can pick up an illusion and move it, only if the illusion can be attached to something other than a fixed point on the ground and what happens when that something moves. A Minor Illusion would still be a simple, stationary object sort of illusion.


innalzarsi a pinnacolo in Arabic
innalzarsi a pinnacolo
(Italian to Arabic translation)
 1+ w
 1+ w
Synonyms of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
munire di guglie
innalzarsi a pinnacolo
Example sentences of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
Antonyms of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
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text:
Dictionary Results for section|
1. section - noun
· a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical); "he always turns first to the business section"; "the history of this work is discussed in the next section"
Hypernym(s): writing, written_material, piece_of_writing, music
2. section - noun
· a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope; "sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue"
3. section - noun
· a distinct region or subdivision of a territorial or political area or community or group of people; "no section of the nation is more ardent than the South"; "there are three synagogues in the Jewish section"
Hypernym(s): area, country
4. section - noun
· one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; "a section of a fishing rod"; "metal sections were used below ground"; "finished the final segment of the road"
Hypernym(s): part, portion
5. section - noun
· a small team of policemen working as part of a police platoon
Hypernym(s): team, squad
6. section - noun
· one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
Synonym(s): part, division
Hypernym(s): concept, conception, construct
7. section - noun
· a land unit equal to 1 square mile
8. section - noun
· (geometry) the area created by a plane cutting through a solid
Hypernym(s): area, expanse, surface_area
9. section - noun
· a small class of students who are part of a larger course but are taught separately; "a graduate student taught sections for the professor's lecture course"
Hypernym(s): class, form, grade, course
10. section - noun
· a division of an orchestra containing all instruments of the same class
Hypernym(s): musical_organization, musical_organisation, musical_group
11. section - noun
· a small army unit usually having a special function
12. section - noun
· a specialized division of a large organization; "you'll find it in the hardware department"; "she got a job in the historical section of the Treasury"
13. section - noun
· a segment of a citrus fruit; "he ate a section of the orange"
14. section - noun
· the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)
Synonym(s): incision, surgical_incision
Hypernym(s): cut, cutting
15. section - verb
· divide into segments; "segment an orange"; "segment a compound word"
Hypernym(s): separate, divide, part
or unscramble the word you need to complete that puzzle or to finish that
project or homework!
letters to unscramble the word
synonyms, antonyms and related words
word below with '?' to indicate missing letters
word to find the rhymes
letters of the beginning, middle or end of the word.


text:
"Today, scanners that read documents use a red laser light," Wong says. "When the red laser light scans the document, it turns the entire document red. Thus, a signature written in red ink seems to disappear. In many cases, you'll find that black ink is more likely to be used when submitting applications, official documents, and other business documents. Government documents, such as a passport application, also require the use of black ink. In some countries, they are so strict about these guidelines that they will completely reject any government correspondence classified in the wrong color. That's right. Final documents must always be signed in blue ink. Thank you for explaining the blue ink for signatures on the final documents. They should have talked about wills and powers of attorney. The color of the ink you use isn't the only potential legal pitfall signatures can bring. Let's say your spouse is out of town and you want to deposit an expense check or discount for your partner.
You could be in legal trouble. Some legal documents and financial records may require blue ink. This includes documents such as credit card applications. This is because the use of black (or any other color) can trigger indicators for fraudulent cheques or credit card applications, as they cannot tell if they are original documents versus a photocopy. However, avoid colors other than black or blue, as lighter ink colors may be washed out when copying. Some government agencies require black ink, while others require blue ink. Some reasons are: black ink, which is compatible with older scanning technology. or. Blue ink is more different from black text.
Be sure to follow the instructions on government, commercial, or financial forms for the required ink color. Without specific instructions, the choice is yours. Beware of specific pen requirements in the instructions at the top of each form you can fill out. Using the wrong color can lead to a number of issues if your form is rejected or fraudulent activity is triggered. You never want to use a pencil for important documents, as it can be erased and tampered with. Even if you're legally married and have a joint bank account, it's illegal to confirm your spouse's name on the back of a check, says Charles R. Gallagher III, an attorney at Gallagher & Associates in St. Petersburg. Petersburg, Florida.
Technically, signing someone else's name is cheating. And that could result in the cheque being denied for payment and even your arrest if your spouse were to lay charges. It is best to use blue or black ink for signatures. Avoid colors such as red, purple, and green. Blue ink signatures are easier to distinguish on papers filled with a lot of black printing. The securities company and lender will want to quickly verify the exact signatures of more than 100 pages of documents before the transaction is completed. The blue ink stands out in a sea of black ink. Plus, it's dark enough to read and appear on a copy. "Blue ink is preferred because when black ink is used, someone at the bank or credit card company may not be able to tell if they are looking at a photocopy of a signature or a signature originally inked," says Wong. CDE, a court-certified and court-qualified forensic expert. "It is easier to assume that the document is 'original' if it is signed in blue ink." And with the sophistication of today's technology, it's entirely reasonable that a copy could be mistaken for an original. It is not difficult to imagine the various documents that could be changed for shameful purposes.
These documents can include wills, contracts, deeds, promissory notes and many others. You shouldn't just use the first pen you find when it comes to signing professional or legal documents. It's important that you consider professional colors when filling out business forms. You don't want to use red, purple or green. To be sure, it is best to use blue or black ink. But determining which color is acceptable doesn't have to be difficult. "We encourage signatories to our documents to use blue ink because it contrasts with our applications, which is especially beneficial if identification issues arise in the future," says Angleton. The investment company and the lender will want to quickly review the more than 100 pages of documents to obtain accurate signatures before closing the transaction. The blue ink stands out in a sea of black ink. Plus, it's dark enough to read and appear on a copy.
Blue ink is also valuable when it comes to learning and other creative goals. Blue ink (and colors other than black) help improve memory response and have positive effects on the brain. They also help keep the creative juice flowing. However, the pen is more powerful than the sword. (Ask anyone who regrets signing their timeshare agreement.) So what color of ink is officially legal? All colors work. As soon as someone puts his name on paper, he wants the words above his signature to become an indisputable law. For this reason, legal documents have strict rules designed to avoid loopholes, subsequent negotiations, and future litigation. In most cases, for example, legal documents must be signed with a pen. The use of other writing tools is rare: you don't want to sign a legally binding document in pencil – although a signature with a pencil is still legally binding, despite what you might have suspected. You could sign with a pencil, and the document would still be legitimate.
However, most people know that it is not recommended because common sense dictates the use of permanent ink. Pencil marks can be removed and the validity of the document questioned. Blue ink is also valuable when it comes to learning and other creative goals. Blue ink (and colors other than black) help improve memory response and have positive effects on the brain. They also help to make creative juice flow.


Number of organisations founded per year since 1945 (all regions)
By Clara Egger
This graph shows the total number of humanitarian organisations created per year since World War Two. 94% of the organisations in the HOD have been created since 1945, with only a few earlier records, such as the Order of Malta created in 1099.
We see how some critical historical turning points and world events impact on humanitarian action. For example :
 - The time period immediately following the end of the WW2 (_PHONE_) corresponds to the structuring of the United Nations system, composed of many diverse humanitarian agencies. 74 organisations were created between 1945 and 1951.
 - The decade separating the mid 1960s from the mid 1970s (_PHONE_) reflects the combined impact of the May 68 movement on transnational solidarity and anti-war movements in Europe and the USA. Decolonization of Asia and Africa during this period also gave birth to new states who developed their own humanitarian capacity (at the societal and governmental level).
 - The decade ranging from the mid eighties to the mid nineties(_PHONE_) marks the end of the Cold War and a rise of humanitarian interventions in conflicts including Afghanistan, the Balkans, Rwanda and Somalia.
 - The mid 2000s to 2010s link with the NATO and US intervention in Afghanistan, Iraq and later the Libyan and Syrian civil wars which have led to a dramatic increase in refugees and organisations responding to their needs.
This Expertise Note was contributed by Dr Clara Egger in collaboration with the Humanitarian Encyclopedia team, based on analysis of the Humanitarian Organisation Database (HOD).
Last update : Mar 23, 2021
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Ψάξε όποια λέξη θες, όπως plopping:
1 definition by The A Group
1. Shut up
2. The act of shutting off one's genitals from the general public
Person 1: It would be most opportune for you to shut your balls at this juncture.
Person 2: Indubitably
Person 1: Pip pip tally ho
Person 2: Touche
από The A Group 27 Ιανουάριος 2007


AHK: How to Code a KML to Excel Exporter
I accidentally opened up a KML file in Notepad once. There are no words in the English language to describe that specific form of horror. It's generally brought on by questions like: "Did I just delete every other file in my C drive?" or "How the shit did I disable my keyboard? That script wasn't even sending keystrokes???"
Or when the IT guy at work remote accesses your computer, fixes the problem, then says, "Oh, hey, I can see you" and then HANGS UP.
I have no webcam on my work computer, guys. NO WEBCAM.
It appears my ADD has hijacked this post. Attempting to refocus.
My point is that I panicked for no reason.Well, not no reason. I mean, look at this:
But when I stopped to really look at it, I realized the innards of a KML are surprisingly readable. It's literally latitude and longitude with some headers in tags. That's it.
So today, in keeping with my recent VBA post, I am forgoing the lovely graphics once again and plowing my way through a script that is, in reality, only useful to me.
You're welcome.
Step 1: Understanding the Problem
See all these points in Google Earth? Plotted them at random. Here's a breakdown of what I want from the KML file:
Step 2: Prepping the File
Let's start off by prompting the user for the KML file in question.
A quick review of AHK functions will get you to FileSelectFile, alls you gotta do is change the output variable to something memorable and filter for KMLs.
I talked about FileRead in a Web Scraper post a while back. Basically, this is how we get the computer to push text into a single variable that we can chop up.
After a long shouting match with my laptop, I discovered FileRead won't read a KML. So before we continue, we have to turn the.kml into a.txt using FileCopy.
Step 3: Trimming the Variable
InStr() is really helpful here. Since we know the latitude and longitude will immediately follow the word "coordinate," we can have the script search for that and then plug the Occurance value into a variable that jumps up by two with each loop–one for and one for .
Setting the return value of InStr to a variable allows you to plug that into StringTrimRight and StringTrimLeft easily enough.
Step 4: Save It Into A CSV
Using FileAppend, you can throw each set of coordinates into a.csv. The only frustrating thing here is remembering to escape any commas or n's for new lines with the ' key.
The Code
In the interest of not staying up all night writing a GUI while binge watching ridiculously old episodes of Unsolved Mysteries, I'm posting the code as is.
Minus the GUI, the copied.txt and destination. csv files have to be manually inserted (they're on the Desktop below), as well as the loop count for the number of points.
FileSelectFile, TheFile,,, KML to Convert, (*.kml)
FileCopy, %TheFile%, c:\Users\Desktop\KML.txt
FileRead, FileContent, c:\Users\Desktop\KML.txt
Occ := 1
loop, #
FoundPos := InStr(FileContent, "coordinates", false, 1, Occ)
StringTrimLeft, TrimContent, FileContent, FoundPos
FoundPos := InStr(TrimContent, "coordinates", false, 1, 1)
StringTrimRight, AllTrimContent, TrimContent, StrLen(TrimContent) - FoundPos + 3
FileAppend, %AllTrimContent%','n, c:\Users\Desktop\KMLTest.csv
Msgbox, Done
That's all. Roll credits. I'm thinking I'll post a One Lovely Blog Post at some point this week, and if not, Processing next weekend.
17 Replies to "AHK: How to Code a KML to Excel Exporter"
 1. Noooooo. When you say things like that, you make me think it's easy even for me, but what's actually going to happen is I'll spend the next 14 hours beating my computer senseless instead of sleeping… I'll try it this weekend and let you know how it goes 🙂
 Liked by 1 person
 1. You know, I've had others suggest that I clean up the language. But programming makes my brain think in expletives. And since GifGuide is more of a progress journal (I write as I break down problems–my posts expand and contract a lot as I plow through), it's just always seemed natural to not filter. That being said, I COMPLETELY understand the awkwardness of referencing a blog filled with rage rants, and I absolutely would not recommend it for children. Sidenote: I really did like your nominees–always looking for more tech oddballs on WordPress. Until next time ECG 🙂
 Liked by 1 person
 2. Oh, the "others" were all in real life–you're definitely the first WordPresser. What's funny is that it's pretty evenly split among brick-and-mortar people I've shown. The main argument against profanity is that if I ever tried to set the blog up on its own to sell a few ads (to at least cover my coffee expenses), who on EARTH is going to back a foul-mouthed amateur. The main argument in favor is who on EARTH is going to back an amateur at all. My main argument is that I have to take out my frustration SOMEWHERE. Better on the interwebs than smashing my computer with a mallet. Hey ECG, is there any chance that you go by the name Panda?
 Liked by 1 person
 1. HOLD IT, you just gave me an AMAZING idea for profanity web scraper to figure out if there's a correlation between the amount of swearing in the post and the programming language and/or functions I'm using in a particular script. Or if the TYPE of swearing switches. To use as a sort of rage gauge, you know? Then I can track my progress over time by looking at whether it's increasing or decreasing–I mean I have a year's worth of posts. To be honest, I sort of thought they all had some cursing, but I've never actually gone through to see. It just occurred to me that this is going to be quite disheartening if the numbers indicate that my anger levels aren't on a downward trend. Surely, you'd think the more exposure to programming, the less frustrated I'd be? Huh. Imma look into this and get back to you.
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