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I am trying to understand the proof of Thm 9.23 in. Let $S_k(\Gamma)$ be the cusp forms for a subgroup $\Gamma_1(N) \subseteq \Gamma \subseteq \Gamma_0(N)$. Let $\mathbb{T} := \mathbb{Z}[T_1, T_2, T_3,...]$ be the hecke algebra viewed as a subset of $End(S_k(\Gamma))$ (not as abstract double coset stuff!). Let $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z}) := S_k(\Gamma) \cap \mathbb{Z}[[q]]$ then the author claims that $ \langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle : \mathbb{T} \times S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z}) \mapsto \mathbb{Z},$ $\langle T, f \rangle = a_1(T(f))$ is a perfect bilinear form and because of finite-rank-arguments i already know that it suffices to show that the $\mathbb{Z}$-module homomorphism $T \mapsto \langle T, \cdot \rangle \in Hom_\mathbb{Z}(S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z}), \mathbb{Z})$ is surjective but i am unable to understand why this is the case. Only for $N=1$ i have found a workaround (see below).
This is what i have tried:
As was pointed out to me here "Hecke algebra" finitely generated?, the set $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})$ is a finitely generated free $\mathbb{Z}$-module. Let us take a basis $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z}) = \mathbb{Z}f_1 \oplus... \oplus \mathbb{Z}f_n$. The $Hom_\mathbb{Z}(S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})) = \mathbb{Z}\phi_1 \oplus... \oplus \mathbb{Z} \phi_n$ where $\phi_i(f_j) = \delta_{ij}$. Let us assume that we select $\Gamma_0(N)$ with trivial character. Then, the ring $\mathbb{T}$ is nothing else than the $\mathbb{Z}$-module
$\mathbb{T} = \mathbb{Z}T_1 + \mathbb{Z}T_2 + \mathbb{Z}T_3 +...$
(because $T_{p^e} = T_p T_{p^{e-1}} - p^{k-1} T_1$ so that every polynomial in the $T_m$ is actually a sum in the $T_m$). We want to show that there is a $T$ such that $\langle T, f_j \rangle = \phi_1(f_j) = \delta_{1j}$ so that we search for a $\mathbb{Z}$ linear combination of the $T_m$ mapping to $\phi_1$, say $T = v_1 T_1 +... + v_l T_l$. Then, $\langle T, f_j \rangle = \phi_1(f_j) = \delta_{1j}$ is equivalent to
$\begin{pmatrix} a_1(f_1) & \cdots & a_l(f_1) \\ \vdots & & \vdots \\ a_l(f_n) & \cdots & a_l(f_n) \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} v_1 \\ \vdots \\ v_l \end{pmatrix} = e_1$
Let us denote the matrix on the left hand side by $A$, then the question is: is $A$ a surjective map seen as a map $A : \mathbb{Z}^l \mapsto \mathbb{Z}^n$ (where we can select $l$ as big as we want)? Rephrased i ask for the following:
For a subgroup $\Gamma$ that satisfies some properties (i.e. $\Gamma$ a congruence subgroup or so) is there a $\mathbb{C}$-basis $f_1,..., f_n$ of $S_k(\Gamma)$ with fourier coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$ such that the matrix $A$ becomes surjective as a map from $\mathbb{Z}^l$ to $\mathbb{Z}^n$ (for example: when selecting $n$ columns, does the matrix consisting of these columns satisfy $\det(Matrix) = \pm 1$? I.e. is there something like a Victor Miller basis for modular forms of higher level)?
For $\Gamma = SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$, this is easy, because one has a Miller basis, i.e. a $\mathbb{C}$-basis $f_1,..., f_n$ of $S_k(SL_2(\mathbb{Z}))$ with integral fourier coefficients such that $a_i(f_j) = \delta_{ij}$ so that $A = (Id ~~...)$. Note: if $f_1,..., f_n$ are a $\mathbb{C}$-basis for $S_k(SL_2(\mathbb{Z}))$ with integral fourier coefficients then this does not necessarily imply that $f_1,..., f_n$ form a $\mathbb{Z}$-basis for $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})$ but this suffices to see that the Hecke algebra is finitely generated by the first $r$ Hecke operators since one can do the same argument with $\mathbb{Z}f_1 \oplus... \oplus \mathbb{Z}f_n$ in place of $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})$ since the behavior of an operator in $End(S_k(\Gamma))$ is determined by its actions on $f_1,..., f_n$.
Note that for $N > 1$ this seems to be true in "many" cases: For example, typing the following lines in magma
M := ModularForms(Gamma1(16),3);
q - 189*q^9 + 132*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^2 - 136*q^9 + 94*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^3 - 92*q^9 + 66*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^4 - 57*q^9 + 38*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^5 - 33*q^9 + 22*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^6 - 17*q^9 + 9*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^7 - 8*q^9 + 4*q^10 + O(q^12),
q^8 - 3*q^9 + O(q^12),
q^11 + O(q^12)
So here one would select columns 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,11.
Also note the following: Using the Sturm bound and selecting $l \geq \max(n, \operatorname{SturmBound})$ one can show that the matrix $A$ has a full $\mathbb{Q}$-rank, i.e. there are $v_1,..., v_l \in \mathbb{Q}$ satisfying the above relation but can they be somehow found to be in $\mathbb{Z}$?
Could someone help me out of this mess?
Best regards,
Fabian Werner
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Fabian, you need to study the theorems just before Thm 9.23 in William Stein's book, about congruences of modular forms. The result you want ultimately relies on the fact that $S_k(\Gamma_1(N))$ admits a basis consisting of modular forms all of whose Fourier coefficients are algebraic integers (which was first proved by Shimura, I think). – François Brunault Jan 24 '12 at 12:17
Is it really that recent? I'm no expert on the history, but didn't Igusa have some results on this kind of thing in the 30's and 40's? – David Loeffler Jan 24 '12 at 12:44
_USER_ : you may be right (I'm also not expert on the history). Maybe Shimura was the first to treat the general case. – François Brunault Jan 24 '12 at 13:09
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
You pose your questions for a general $\Gamma$, but I'm not sure that quite makes sense; in general the Hecke algebra won't be commutative and will have a very different structure, and $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})$ won't necessarily span $S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{C})$. So let's assume $\Gamma$ is $\Gamma_0(N)$ or $\Gamma_1(N)$ for some $N$.
Let $\mathcal{S} = S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Z})$ and $\mathcal{T} \subseteq End_{\mathbb{Z}}(\mathcal{S})$ the Hecke algebra. Then (as I


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The next time you're about to order some calorie-bomb at a restaurant, pay attention to how loud the music is. Because the two things might be linked...
A new study in Sweden found loud music in restaurants makes us more likely to choose unhealthy menu options. And we're more likely to go with something healthy like a salad when the music ISN'T so loud.
Researchers went to a café and played music at different decibel levels to see how it affected what people ordered. Either 55 decibels, which is like background chatter or the hum from a refrigerator... or 70 decibels, which is closer to a vacuum cleaner.
And when they cranked it to up 70, people were 20% more likely to order something unhealthy, like a burger and fries.
They did it over the course of several days and kept getting the same results. So the study seems pretty legit.
The explanation is pretty simple. Basically, soft music is calming, and louder music gets us amped up. It even increases our heart rate. And that can impact our decision-making.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Ozone 'Groundhog' kiting wing for ground handling and training
Ground-handling is one of the most important aspects of paragliding and paramotoring progression. With the Groundhog, pilots can progress and learn the most basic or most advanced aspects of ground-handling in strong or light winds safely and easily.
Because the Groundhog is considerably smaller than a normal wing, it can be used for ground-handling training in higher wind, meaning that schools and students will lose less training days because of weather.
Also, the smaller size of the Groundhog makes it easier to use. Students are less likely to be dragged or picked up, and the wing's quick reactions to brake input and footwork help to increase the progression of the pilot.
 - The Ozone GroundHog is for ground-handling practice.
 - Small, simple design for easy training
 - Ground-handling is one of the best ways to improve your flying.
 - Can be used to practice ground-handling in higher winds than normal paragliders, Not for flight!


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KANCHANPUR: Number of Siberian bird in the watersheds of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve has deceased lately, officials and locals said.
The birds from Siberia arrive in the watersheds of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve every year in search of warm habitat after the watersheds in the northern poles were covered with snow.
The Siberian birds return to their original habitats, thanks to lack of water and foods, and rise in temperature in the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve.
Basically, the Siberian birds roam and collect their food around Ranital, Kalikich, Salgaudi, Sikarital, Pyaratal, Jhimlatal and other areas of the Reserve.
According to Reserve, more than 300 species of Siberian birds arrive here every year.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In this post, we look at the functions of the kinship system in Nigeria culture. Kinship is a social relationship that defines who we are and where we are from. Kinship, being a cultural artifact can actually shape the way people do things, the way peoeple think, the way people believe things. In fact, I believe, since it is something created by man in reference to one's culture and history, is more or less, cultural heritage of a people.
Functions Of Kinship System In Nigeria Culture:
So many functions have been seen carried out within the kinship system in Nigeria. Since kinship is owned by almost every society, some of its functions, as I will be discussing in this article will seems familiar, while others will not, nonetheless, we are going to look at quite a number of the functions of kinship system in Nigeria in this article, and here are there;
* Kinship Defines Acceptable Role Of Engagement:
In every society, there is acceptable role of engagement, and such role of engagement is made possible by kinship. Besides this however, there is also role of relationship between and among members of a family. You look at the parents – children relationship, relationship between father and son, relationship between father and daughter, relationship between mother and daughter, relationship between mother and son, and so on and so forth. So it is kinship that bring about proper way of relating with one another within a family. Apart from defining proper role relationship within a family, kinship also guides or provides guidelines for persons to interact among themselves and/or between themselves.
* Kinship Determines Relationship Lines:
Relationship line in every family, I think is necessary, and this is the function of kinship system in Nigeria, where family line relationship is determined accordingly. In a family, a relationship could be a distance one or a close relationship, depending on the family in question. Therefore, the kinship system in Nigeria can work in a way that can determined what relationship family relationship lines are.
* Kinship Decides Who To And Who Not To Marry:
This is another function of kinship system in Nigeria, it draws a path and guide you on how to go through the path. For instance, it is the kinship that will determine who you should marry and who you should not marry, where to marry and where you should not marry. Once there is order that you cannot marry there, and that, relationship there, maritally is taboo, you have no choice. So it is the kinship system that decides.
* Kinship Influences Religious Practices:
Kinship in a sense, do influenced people's religious practices. What is expected from every member of a religious sect for example, is defined by kinship system, including the determination of the rights of the people, and obligations of these people, who belonged to, or indulged in religious practices and that of sacraments, which actually begins from the point, where someone is born and through a point where this person is deat
* Kinship Maintains Relationships:
Another function of the kinship system in Nigeria is to ensure that there is maintenance of solidarity of relationships. Such solidarity of relationship is mostly enjoyed among members of the family, the father, the mother, children and any other member of the family
* Determines Obligations And The Rights Of Family:
Kinship system in Nigeria also determined the obligations, the rights of the family. This is can be seen in tribal and rural societies. Kinship relation also determined the obligations and the rights of political power, the rights of marriage, as well as determined the obligations and the rights of system production, and this happened within a family.
* Kinship Regulates Beheviour Of Kin:
Kinship system in Nigeria functions in a number of ways, particularly, in tribal societies, when used in different ways. One of the functions of the kin system, when used in different ways is that, it will regulatates behaviours of different kin. So through the many usages of the kinship, there is that possibility of regulating the behaviour of every kin.
* Kinship Helps In Designating Kin Of Various Types:
Kinship is known for helping in the process of classification of different types of kin_and this happened as the result of some terms within the kinship system, and through such terms, the designation and the description of different types of kin is made possible.
* Kinship Creates Groupings Of Kin:
Another function of the kinship system in Nigeria is that, by the virtue of different ways of using kinship, groupings of kin can be created. Therefore, the creation of special groupings of kin happened through the usage of kinship.
* Kinship Governs Role Relationship:
In kinship, there are some rules, and these kinship rules have a way of affecting or mpacting on the role of relationships within the family. Among various kins, there would be this rule of kinship that will governs the relationship role, as related to the family.
* Kinship Regulates Social Life:
There are so many functions of the kinship system in Nigeria, and one of such functions is that of acting as the social life regulator. Social life is regulated in almost every society, and what made it possible for social life regulations is kinship system.
* Kinship Influences Production System:
System of production can be influenced through kinship system. Apart from influencing production system, kinship system goes as far as influencing other aspects of kinship within the family, such aspects of kinship include, land ownership within the family, as well as the concept of wealth and their various usages.
Kinship has several importance in a social structure. Kinship decides who you can marry and who you cannot marry, possibly, where marital relationships are taboo. It also determines rights and obligations of every member in every religious practices within the society from when someone is born and up to the point he is dead. The important of kinship system in Nigeria cannot be underestimated, and the important of kinship system can be seen within the family functions and at the event of marriage. It is also good to note the kinship system haa a way of determining family line.
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This activity can be used to discuss protective factors, resiliency, and self-esteem (finding beauty in the imperfections). By using a shell as a symbol of the body, nature can be used as a healing agent in therapy.
- (For religious teens and to use this activity for grief, pair with book: My Beautiful Broken Shell: Words of Hope to Refresh the Soul by Carol Hamblet Adams)
- Seashells (at least 3.5″, white, flat surfaces are best. Have multiple so client can choose)
- Primary paint colors (acrylic or water-color)
- Small paintbrushes
- Water (for cleaning brushes)
- Paint palette or paper plate
- Begin by asking, "How are our bodies like shells?"
Begin the dialogue with clients of how shells protect animals in nature the way our bodies protect ourselves.
"Shells are symbols of protection."
"Shells all used to have animals living in them."
"Some shells still have animals in them and they are in the sea."
"Other shells have washed up on the beach, like your shell," (point to shell in front of child). "Just like us, shells are all different and they've all been through different things."
"Even though some shells may have cracks or be worn down from the ocean, they are still strong and beautiful with stories to tell."
2. Next, have the client think of a happy memory, safe place, or relaxing scene.
This step is about how a child/teen can use the shell as a reminder of protection and embracing imperfections.
The shells can also be used as grounding items when a client is upset or needs comforting. You may choose to facilitate this step by first discussing and practicing mindfulness.
Instruct the client that they are free to paint any images or symbols that bring them peace and feelings of protection.
3. Discuss while painting.
While the client is painting, you can engage in a dialogue about what protection means to them and how they feel protected. Or for other clients, how even the imperfect shells can still be beautiful and have stories to tell.
"Since this shell represents safety and protection, you might consider keeping it in your safe space. Where are you planning on keeping your shell?"
"Who keeps you safe?" (Or for teens, "How do you keep yourself safe?")
"Which safe place are you choosing to paint?" etc.
Some kids may want to show their shell to their caregiver and explain what the shell means to him or her.
Example of using inspirational words and safe places on shells.
Have the Client think of a special place in his/her home to keep the shell as a daily reminder of protective factors, motivating words, and safe places.
Want more therapeutic activities?


Home > Blog > Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Posted on 21 December 2018
Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Money and Life
(Financial Planning Association of Australia)
When working more means earning more, it makes sense to take that promotion or extra shift to get ahead financially. But when expenses go up and quality of life goes down, is the price you're paying for longer hours too high?
So you've been offered a pay rise at work that comes with more responsibilities. If that's going to mean staying late at the office or taking work home with you, is the extra income really going to make it worth your while? Here are 3 important things to ask yourself before changing your lifestyle and habits to make more time for earning money.
1. Where will you be spending more?
 - When leisure time is rare and precious, you're more likely to spend extra money on household maintenance, cleaning and laundry services.
2. What will you be missing out on?
It's all too easy to get caught up in the idea that earning more is the path to greater security. And if you feel more secure, then you're going feel less anxious and more positive right? Well it depends a lot on your personal definition of what security and happiness means for you. Perhaps it's a priority for you to have comfortable home you can enjoy. If extra work commitments take you away from home more, then you're paying for something you actually enjoy less and less. And when you value things like your health and time with family and friends, there's a very good chance that working more will mean investing less time in these things too. If you're only getting to the gym every other week and skipping family dinners because of work, it's worth asking yourself if the extra dollars are really making up for these missed opportunities.
3. Could you be better off without earning more?
Although getting ahead financially may be important to you, earning more isn't the only way to go about it. Taking a good look at where your money is going is a positive step towards making better spending choices for you and your family. If you're really clear about what matters to you, and your day-to-day budget matches those priorities, you could be better off in a financial sense and have a stronger commitment to your goals and values. A financial planner can act as a sounding board to help you reflect on what's most important to you. They can also guide you through the process of setting goals and managing your budget to make the most of the income you have now.
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Boutique financial consulting, advisory firm
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UC Davis Art Museum. California
Kitchell. WORKac. WRL. images: © Regents of the University of California, Davis campus
A bold, open-faced icon along an outermost edge of UC Davis' campus, the Jan Shrem and Maria Manetti Shrem Museum of Art re-imagines the intersections among art, higher education and everyday life.
The Slant
A beacon to students and
visitors alike, the building renders UC Davis' long history of engagement with the arts visible to the campus and city
beyond. Through a careful and innovative reordering of traditional museum conventions, the highly-accessible
building becomes a platform for collective learning, creation and experimentation—a showcase for UC Davis' artistic
legacy and its evolution as a cutting-edge cultural force and an integral and vibrant hub for future student
To emphasize the building's role as a destination for multiple audiences, the team devised a simple and striking
parallelogram form that maximizes opportunities for public space throughout the site. Two corners of the building
are lifted to create distinct facades facing the campus and the adjacent highway, forming a dramatic sloping roof that
houses an array of spaces, views and experiences. The slope of this roof, its orientation and its light metal cladding
together produce an inherently efficient envelope that minimizes solar heat gain and the energy needed to cool the
This roof becomes a graceful canopy extending over a new plaza to create a large shaded public outdoor space,
opening toward the larger campus and further underscoring the public nature of the museum. Continuing the theme
of connecting the museum's activities to the surrounding campus, the proposed landscape is strategically designed to
"stitch" the new building to the site with a series of outdoor rooms—spaces that complement and blend with the
museum's interior
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New research from Loughborough University has revealed that understanding emotions can help hotels improve guest experiences. Hotels can then use customisation strategies in service design to evoke different emotions.
Dr Kathy Pui Ying Lo from the University's School of the Arts initially undertook research studies to understand conflicting emotions often experienced during hotel stays. She has now undertaken additional research to examine how hotels can develop their design and service strategies to evoke different emotions.
The research studies involved hotel guests taking photos to show triggers of emotions in hotels, in-depth interviews and analysis of critical incidents. The studies used principles of psychology and service design to draw implications for hotel design strategies.
Dr Lo identified four prominent conflicting concerns that cause contradicting emotions during hotel stays:
Luxury v's eco-friendliness. When extra amenities and service in hotels are offered beyond what are considered necessary by the hotel guest. This often evokes mixed emotions of happiness and guilt.
Exploration v's familiarity. These conflicting concerns refer to the fact that guests like to take the opportunities of hotel stays to try something different, yet like to feel the familiar comfort of home.
Enjoyment v's cost. Whilst extra touches such as free gifts elicit delight and happiness, they can also often trigger unpleasant emotions when guests think about the cost.
Novelty v's practicality. This shows a clash between attitude and standard. Novelty evokes a pleasant emotion but if the feature or service does not fulfil its practical purpose unpleasant emotions can arise.
To resolve these conflicts customisation is the key, Dr Lo suggests. The aim is to offer hotel guests more control of their hotel stay experiences based on their individual needs and wants. Three common types of customisation strategies enable hotels to evoke different emotions from hotel guests:
With a subtractive strategy, hotels offer the most basic room features and cheap room rate by taking away functional features or service that are not absolutely necessary. Guests may request subtracted features or service depending on their needs, usually with an additional cost. The intended emotional outcomes include happiness for saving money, contentment for getting value for money and satisfaction from selecting hotel features to spend on. An example is Tune Hotels, an international hotel chain.
In contrast, hotels using an additive strategy offer comprehensive functional items. In addition, guests may add special features to try something different or enhance enjoyment. The aim is to promote exploration and discreet enjoyment. Additive strategies intend to evoke emotions such as amazement, excitement, wonder and delight. An example is Affinia Hotels, a boutique hotel chain in the USA that offers options such as a duck for the bath, fitness kit, cupcakes and even an acoustic guitar!
By using tailor made strategies, hotels personalise amenities and service to fit each individual guests' particular needs and preferences. Hotel staff observe and record guest needs and preferences proactively. The information is then stored in a database. Pleasant surprises are staged for individual guests through personalised and meaningful features or service. Because these exceed guest expectations they create pleasant surprises and make the stay memorable. For example a guest who arrives at their room to find their favourite drink on the table.
Dr Lo comments: "The nature of service in hotels is shifting. More hotels are offering guests what they exactly need instead of excessive extras. Understanding the connections between customisation strategies and guest emotions is useful for hoteliers to design for better emotional impacts of hotel stay experiences."
Dr Lo will disseminate the research results to the hospitality industry and research community through invited talks.


Students Against Depression
Harmless support people and their families who have issues surrounding self harm in the UK with a range of user led solutions. They also offer services to local government and organisations wanting more information about this condition. They also manage the Tomorrow Project which is a support structure for people who have suicidal thoughts.
PAPYRUS (prevention of young suicide)
PAPYPRUS is a charity that works in suicide prevention for young people. They run a national helpline as well as text and email support services. They are staffed by a team of mental health professionals who provide practical help and advice to vulnerable young people and to those concerned about any young person who may be at risk of suicide.


How to Test a Bestec PC Power Supply
By Gabriel Dockery
Testing a Bestec PC power supply is essential to not only ensure that you are utilizing a safe power supply, but also that the power supply is not the cause of a malfunctioning system. Thankfully, Bestec power supplies conform with the ATX form factor and specifications, which allow for a signaling wire in the power supply's main connector for testing purposes. It is the signaling wire that we'll use to test the operation of the power supply.
Step 1
Find the main PC connection from the power supply to the motherboard. This connection will be either a 20-pin or 24-pin connector.
Step 2
Orient the connector so that the side clip is facing to your left. This clip is the one that attaches to the side of the main power connector on the motherboard.
Step 3
Unfold a paperclip so that it is in the shape of a U.
Step 4
Locate the green wire connected to the power supply's main connector. There will be only one green wire connector among the 20 or 24 wires.
Step 5
Insert one end of the paperclip into the green wire's connection hole.
Step 6
Locate one of the black wires immediately next to the green wire and insert the other end of the paperclip into its connective hole. There will be two black wires beside the single green wire; either wire may be used for this test.
Step 7
Plug the power supply in to an available wall outlet and turn it on using its power switch.
If the fan within the power supply turns on, then the power supply is indeed functional and without failure. The green wire on the power supply sends an operational signal to signify that the power supply is functional. In the event that a portion of the power supply was not functioning correctly, the green wire would not send the signal and the power supply would fail to turn on.


Here's Mr. Squiggle
With lots of fun for everyone
Here's Mr. Squiggle
Sing a happy tune.
You can see we're as happy as can be
Mr Squiggle, the man from the moon.
Mr. Squiggle is an Australian TV show that features a puppet with a pencil for a nose. Mr Squiggle comes down from the moon each episode to produce artistic masterpieces from squiggles sent in by Aussie kids.
After creating something recognisable from random lines, circles and squiggles, Mr. Squiggle sometimes rotates the canvas and creates something new from the image that he has just made. Sometimes the pictures he makes are quite cool, especially considering that they derive from his previous attempts to bring order out of randomness.
To play the Mr. Squiggle home game, have a friend (or yourself) draw some random squiggles, then try and create a picture from it. Once you're done, rotate it and pass it on to someone else to see what they can do. Space walks are optional.
A picture of the rather phallic Mr. Squiggle:


text: This module will explore the development of experimental narratives in Spain at the beginning of the 20th century within the context of the avant-garde movement. It will begin by tracing the emergence of an avant-garde aesthetic in Spain and exploring the challenge it presented the Realist aesthetic of the 19th century. These ideas will be considered in relation to contemporary theories of the avant-garde in Europe. Early discussions will focus on the theoretical writings on art and the novel of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset. The module will then focus on texts by Gabriel Miró, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Azorín, and Benjamin Jarnés as a means of exploring how traditional narrative devices such as plot and character are abandoned in favour of other narrative devices.


Economics, Environment, Latest, People, Water
305. Feeling virtuous: what's it worth?
We all like to feel good about ourselves. A product that makes us seem virtuous to others, or even to ourselves, would be worth paying more for than its strictly utilitarian value.
That was one of our hypotheses behind a surprising result in some recent research. We were trying to measure the benefits of installing a rainwater tank on an urban property in Perth. We did this by measuring the premium in house sale prices for houses that already had a rainwater tank installed, compared with similar houses that did not.
The results left us deeply puzzled. First, the price premium was enormous: around $18,000. Now the water in a typical tank, when full, is worth about $3, and a tanks lasts for about 15 years. That means that to use enough tank water to make the $18,000 price premium worth paying, you would you would have to use a full tank of water and refill it from rainfall about twice each day every day for the whole 15 years (assuming a 5% interest rate on your home loan). But that's way beyond actual levels of rainwater use, and it doesn't rain that much or that frequently in Perth anyway!
We were left scrambling for explanations for the high price premium. As I started off saying, an obvious one is the feel-good factor from knowing that one is contributing to water conservation. It could be a bit like organic food. Some of the price premium for that could reflect people's concerns about environmental impacts of agricultural chemicals (as well as perceived health impacts).
Another possible explanation is that people may misjudge how much the water captured in the tanks is worth. Water from the tap really is most extraordinarily cheap, whereas the most common experience of paying for water for most people is bottled water, which is most extraordinarily expensive. So it would be understandable to some extent if people got this wrong. We cannot tell from the house sale data what is in peoples' minds (e.g. about water cost), only the overall result.
A third explanation could be that our statistical analysis was faulty. If you look at the paper you'll see that we tied ourselves in knots, testing the robustness of the stats in ways that are far beyond my own statistical skills (thanks co-authors), but we couldn't make the result go away.
There was one more puzzle we couldn't solve, as well. The price premium for rain tanks is far above the cost of installing a tank, so why doesn't everybody with a house to sell invest in a rain tank? In fact only a small minority of houses sold do have them. I guess they aren't aware of the potential price hike.
On the other hand, we don't know what would happen to the premium if the proportion of houses with installed tanks was to increase substantially. It is likely that the greater supply of tanks would drive down the price premium to some extent.
Further reading
Zhang, F., Polyakov, M., Fogarty, J. and Pannell, D. (2015). The capitalized value of rainwater tanks in the property market of Perth, Australia, Journal of Hydrology 522, 317-325. Journal web site ♦ IDEAS page (includes link to freely downloadable version of the paper)


Cambridge Dictionaries online Cambridge Dictionaries online
The most popular online dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English
English definition of "light"
noun uk /laɪt/ us
light noun (BRIGHTNESS)
light noun (FLAME)
a light something that will produce a flame and cause burning, such as a match or a cigarette lighter: Have you got a light, please? set light to sth UK to cause something to start burning: The lamp caught fire and set light to the curtains.
adjective uk /laɪt/ us
light adjective (NOT HEAVY)
A2 not heavy: Here, take this bag - it's quite light. He's a few pounds lighter than he used to be. How do you get your cakes so wonderfully light, Felicity? He has a very light (= gentle) touch, which is what is required in massage. She's very light on her feet (= she moves gracefully). A2 describes clothes that are made of thin material that allows you to be cool: a light summer dress
light adjective (BRIGHT)
light adjective (PALE)
A1 (of colours) pale: light blue/green
light adjective (NOT SERIOUS)
entertaining and easily understood, but not serious and not intended to make you think: I want some light reading for the summer holidays - a romance or something. A lively argument between the two main speakers provided a bit of light relief (= something enjoyable or amusing) in an otherwise dull conference. make light of sth C2 to behave as if a situation, especially a problem, is not serious or important: It is easy to make light of other people's problems.
light adjective (NOT MUCH)
B1 not great in strength or amount: A light wind was blowing. The traffic was quite light so we got through London quickly. It's only light rain - you don't need an umbrella. light eater/drinker/smoker someone who eats/drinks/smokes only a little light sleeper someone who is easily woken up by noise, etc.
light adjective (MEAL/DRINK)
A light meal is small and easy to digest: I don't eat much for lunch - just a light snack. describes alcoholic drinks that are not strong in flavour: It's described on the label as 'light, fruity wine'.
light adjective (NOT SEVERE)
needing only a very small amount of effort: light exercise, such as walking a bit of light housework A light sentence in prison is a short one: He got off with a fairly light sentence because it was his first conviction. make light work of sth/doing sth to do something quickly and easily: Heather made light work of painting the walls. You made light work of that chocolate cake (= you ate it quickly)!
light verb (START FLAMES)
light verb (MAKE BRIGHT)
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text:
During volcanic eruptions, empirical relationships are used to estimate mass eruption rate from plume height. Although simple, such relationships can be inaccurate and can underestimate rates in windy conditions. One-dimensional plume models can incorporate atmospheric conditions and give potentially more accurate estimates. Here I present a 1-D model for plumes in crosswind and simulate 25 historical eruptions where plume height Hobs was well observed and mass eruption rate Mobs could be calculated from mapped deposit mass and observed duration. The simulations considered wind, temperature, and phase changes of water. Atmospheric conditions were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 2.5° model. Simulations calculate the minimum, maximum, and average values (Mmin, Mmax, and Mavg) that fit the plume height. Eruption rates were also estimated from the empirical formula Mempir = 140Hobs4.14 (Mempir is in kilogram per second, Hobs is in kilometer). For these eruptions, the standard error of the residual in log space is about 0.53 for Mavg and 0.50 for Mempir. Thus, for this data set, the model is slightly less accurate at predicting Mobs than the empirical curve. The inability of this model to improve eruption rate estimates may lie in the limited accuracy of even well-observed plume heights, inaccurate model formulation, or the fact that most eruptions examined were not highly influenced by wind. For the low, wind-blown plume of 14–18 April 2010 at Eyjafjallajökull, where an accurate plume height time series is available, modeled rates do agree better with Mobs than Mempir.
Additional publication details
Testing the accuracy of a 1-D volcanic plume model in estimating mass eruption rate


text:
The long-term objective of the proposed research is to provide reliable documentation of the infant's developing ability to discriminate and comprehend the emotional expressions of others. It focuses specifically on infant sensitivity to vocal expressions of emotion. The traditional emphasis on the face as the primary site for the expression of affect has contributed to the neglect of the voice as a source of emotional information despite its acknowledged importance in mother-infant communication. Three as yet unresolved questions are addressed: 1) Given that the mother's characteristic speech to infants, with its exaggerated intonation contours and heightened pitch, may be an especially salient stimulus for infants, will young infants discriminate the mother's emotional vocalizations sooner than those of a stranger? 2) Can infants interrelate vocal and visual aspect of the same emotional expression and, if so, do they achieve such intermodal matching on the basis of concrete relations such as temporal synchrony or on the basis of more abstract """"""""meaning"""""""" relations? 3) Do infants understand the action implications of a vocal expression--i.e., that a cheerful voice signals friendly behavior? A variety of procedures--habituation-recovery, intermodal matching, and familiarization-novelty--will be used to answer these questions. The results are expected to have implications for social perception in infancy, mother-infant interaction, and emotional as well as cognitive/linguistic development.
|Caron, A J; Caron, R F; MacLean, D J (1988) Infant discrimination of naturalistic emotional expressions: the role of face and voice. Child Dev 59:604-16|


[mpich-discuss] MPICH datatype memory utilization and low memory system
Jed Brown jed at jedbrown.org
Wed May 7 15:00:03 CDT 2014
Rob Latham writes:
> ON blue gene... well you maybe can guess where I'm going with this.
> MPICH will use quite a bit of memory to describe 16 million points:
> about 200 MiB (4 bytes for each index, 8 bytes for each offset).
> there isn't 200 MiB of extra memory on some configurations of Blue Gene.
> What options does one have when trying to efficiently describe
> unstructured data, though?
How large is the data that this unstructured representation is
describing? Usually there will be element connectivity and several
elements are adjacent to each vertex, so the relative overhead of the
MPICH datatypes may not be high.
The index/offset arrays can probably be compressed, though that only
reduces peak memory usage if you specify and free the uncompressed
arrays before other allocations.
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text:
Troubleshooting irrigation valves
"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."
Nowhere is this truer than with irrigation valves. They are highly reliable and will last for years if you properly care for them. But valves can be difficult to troubleshoot because many of the parts that could be causing the problems are hidden. By learning how irrigation valves work, you can troubleshoot almost any problem.
Proper valve troubleshooting starts with a few basic questions: * Is the irrigation controller plugged in and properly programmed? * Is the master water supply turned on? * Is water present to the valve? * Is the flow-control handle open? * Is sufficient water pressure and flow available? * Is the pump working?
Valves 101 Before troubleshooting begins, you must understand how irrigation valves work. Valves control the flow of water to sprinklers and can be mechanical, hydraulic, electric or a hybrid-know what kind you're dealing with.
A valve stays closed because the surface area above the diaphragm is about two-and-half times larger than the pressurized surface area below the diaphragm. The difference causes a greater force above the diaphragm than below it. The valve traps the water, which fills the upper chamber. The valve will open only when the force above the diaphragm has been relieved. This will happen electrically when the controller energizes the solenoid or manually when you use the manual bleed.
The solenoid is a coil of electrical wire that, when charged with an electrical current from the controller, creates a magnetic force and pulls up a small, metal plunger inside the valve. As the plunger rises, it dumps water from the chamber above the diaphragm to a lower (downstream) pressure area. This reduces the force above the diaphragm and the valve opens.
To close a valve, the irrigation controller stops sending an electrical current to the solenoid. As the current terminates, the solenoid drops the plunger and stops the flow of water from above the diaphragm. The pressure above the diaphragm builds to a force greater than the pressure below the diaphragm, and the valve closes.
This also occurs when you operate the valve manually. When you open the manual bleed screw, you relieve the force above the diaphragm either to the atmosphere or to the downstream side of the valve.
Electricity and Water A variety of conditions can cause an irrigation valve to malfunction. But don't overlook the obvious. If the valve will not open, make sure you have turned on the water supply. You can check to make sure you have a water supply by manually opening or "bleeding" the valve.
There are two types of manual-bleed devices. The most common is an external manual bleed. It usually consists of a small knob on top of the valve bonnet that bleeds-or relieves-the water above the diaphragm. The second type of manual-bleed device is an internal manual bleed. It is usually a lever on the solenoid or the solenoid itself. When you turn on the lever or activate the solenoid, water pressure above the diaphragm bleeds to the downstream side of the valve. Turn the external manual-bleed screw or operate the internal manual bleed and check for water flow. Be aware that some valves incorporate both external and internal manual-bleed systems. If there is still no water flow to the valve, check the PVC line for breaks.
Another common problem is lack of electrical signal (voltage) to the valve. To determine if the valve is receiving power, use a volt-ohm meter. From the irrigation controller, manually turn on the station you are troubleshooting. With the volt-ohm meter, check the voltage between the ground and the controller-station terminal. Your reading should be 24 volts AC (VAC). If it is not 24 VAC, you need to determine the cause-which is usually a blown fuse in the controller or in the controller's transformer.
While you are at the controller, check the entire irrigation program. In many cases, a valve will not operate properly because of faulty controller programming.
If your meter reads 24 VAC at the controller station wires, check the zone in question to make sure it's operating. Make sure that the controller has a programmed start time and run time and that the "days-to-run" setting is programmed. Though this may seem elementary, an improperly programmed controller is one of the most common causes of valve malfunction-and usually the largest source of customer complaints.
If the controller is working properly, check the voltage to the solenoid. With the controller turned off, skin the insulation off the two wires running from the valve solenoid to the splice. Make these cuts as close to the splice as possible. Attach a voltmeter to the wire running from the splice-the voltage should read zero.
Manually operate the irrigation controller, and check that you are receiving 24 VAC. It is normal to experience some voltage loss at the valve, but if the volt-ohm meter reads less than 20 VAC, the field wires have a problem. You need to find the source of this problem or replace the wires.
After completing this test, cut out the original splice, and reconnect the wires. It's important to leave enough wire to make the splice.
Contamination Because of its direct connection to piping from the main water line, a valve is susceptible to contamination from dirt and debris, especially if you use non-potable or effluent water. To reduce the risk of contamination, most irrigation valves have a filter or screen to keep dirt out of the area above the diaphragm and the solenoid area.
Dirt and debris trapped in the valve may cause it to "weep." The telltale sign of a weeping valve is excessive puddling at the lowest sprinkler after the valves have shut off.
To check for excessive dirt, debris or algae buildup, turn the water off, remove the valve bonnet, and check the screens for contamination. Some valves have filter screens directly below the solenoid, which can be removed with a small screwdriver or coin. Flush the screens with water to remove any debris.
This is also a good time to check the diaphragm and valve seat for debris, wear or deterioration (note that some valves have these two components molded into one piece). The diaphragm, which is a large, rubber-like, flexible disc, is subject to deterioration. It can be nicked or torn by a trapped pebble or a build-up of grit.
The valve seat is the lower sealing surface in the valve body. Inspect it for nicks by running your finger over the lip of the valve seat. Replace the valve body if the valve seat is damaged. Check the diaphragm and the valve seat for cracks and wear. Replace them if they show signs of wear or deterioration. Reassemble the valve, turn on the water, and manually operate the irrigation controller to make sure everything is working properly.
Solenoids If you have checked the water supply, the power supply and the diaphragm and valve seat, and the valve is still malfunctioning, usually the only possibility left is a faulty solenoid.
With the water turned off, unscrew the solenoid from the bonnet of the valve. Be careful not to lose the plunger or the small spring, which helps force the solenoid plunger downward.
Inspect the solenoid plunger. The plunger is the small, metal piston with a rubber base inside the solenoid housing. The plunger must be clean and free of any debris.
To check the operation of the solenoid, manually turn on the valve or zone from the irrigation controller. If it's working, the solenoid plunger will be pulled into the solenoid body.
Some irrigation-equipment manufacturers have designed "captive" solenoid plungers. A small piece of plastic holds these types of plungers in the solenoid housing. If the valve has a captured solenoid, you will hear a sharp clicking sound when the solenoid energizes. If the solenoid is not working properly or if the solenoid plunger does not move freely in the solenoid housing, clean and retest it. If it is still not working, replace the solenoid.
Also, with the solenoid removed, check the small hole in the bonnet that allows water to pass from above the diaphragm to the downstream side of the valve. Check the opening with a paper clip or small piece of wire. It is important not to enlarge this hole because it controls the opening and closing speed of the valve.
By following these suggestions, you'll be able to save time and quickly get to the root of the problem when valve troubles occur.
Laurie Berry is valve product manager with Rain Bird Sales Inc. (Azusa, Calif.).
Want to use this article? Click here for options!
© 2013 Penton Media Inc.


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text:
Pronunciation: (rīkhs'rät"), [key]
1. Ger. Hist.the upper house of the parliament during the period of the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic.
2. Hist.the legislature or parliament in the Austrian division of Austria-Hungary. Also,Reichs'rath".
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


Efficiently avoiding saddle points with zero order methods: No gradients required
Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis, Lampros Flokas, Georgios Piliouras
We consider the case of derivative-free algorithms for non-convex optimization, also known as zero order algorithms, that use only function evaluations rather than gradients. For a wide variety of gradient approximators based on finite differences, we establish asymptotic convergence to second order stationary points using a carefully tailored application of the Stable Manifold Theorem. Regarding efficiency, we introduce a noisy zero-order method that converges to second order stationary points, i.e avoids saddle points. Our algorithm uses only $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(1 / \epsilon^2)$ approximate gradient calculations and, thus, it matches the converge rate guarantees of their exact gradient counterparts up to constants. In contrast to previous work, our convergence rate analysis avoids imposing additional dimension dependent slowdowns in the number of iterations required for non-convex zero order optimization.


Instagram has been around for 11 years.
While the app was initially meant for still images, content creators and everyday users can now share photos and videos in various forms, like Story posts, Instagram Reels, and longer-form videos on IGTV.
Although there are many content types to post on the app, simply leveraging one of the options isn't enough to find marketing success on the platform. This is because, no matter how high-quality the content you share, the Instagram algorithm determines what succeeds on the app and what doesn't.
While Instagram doesn't disclose all the factors that the algorithm uses to assess content, they have released general information about what the algorithm looks for. In this post, we'll explain everything you need to know about the algorithm to succeed on the app, from the factors that play into it and tips and tricks to use to make sure your content doesn't go unnoticed.
New Data: Instagram Engagement Report [2021 Version]
As a business, unless you're entirely reliant on paid ads, it's essential to understand how the algorithm works and what you need to do to ensure that it favors your content and shows your posts to your target audience.
Below we'll explain how the Instagram algorithm works and the factors it assesses when surfacing your content in news feeds.
How does the Instagram algorithm work?
If you're a frequent Instagram user, you may have heard people say something like "Bring back reverse chronological order!" when talking about the algorithm. What they're referring to is when Instagram showed the most recent posts at the top of someone's feed and older ones at the bottom.
It was great for creators and Instagram users because, at some point, your post would be at the top of all of your followers' feeds, so they would be guaranteed to see it.
However, in March 2016, the algorithm changed. Instagram said, "People miss, on average, 70 percent of their feeds. As Instagram has grown, it has become harder to keep up with all the photos and videos people share. This means you often don't see the posts you might care about the most."
It's no longer a question of when you post, but a variety of factors that we'll discuss below: relationship, timing, frequency, following, usage, interest.
Instagram Algorithm Factors
Perceived relationships are the most important ranking factor.
The algorithm prioritizes sharing content with you based on the relationships you have with the accounts you follow. The more you comment, like, and interact with an account on Instagram, the more likely you will see their content, and see it often.
The algorithm also notes people you direct message, accounts you search for, and photos you're tagged in.
The relationship factor applies to brands as well. If a consumer regularly likes your content and interacts with it, repeat engagement will make your posts shown to them more often and closer to the top of their feed. This means that it's essential for you to inspire engagement in your content, which we'll discuss further below.
Although feeds aren't chronological, the algorithm still wants users to see the most recent and relevant posts, especially from accounts that you have a stronger, established relationship with.
Timing just means that you're not as likely to see a post from three weeks ago as you were before 2016.
You can leverage this factor to your advantage by using your profile analytics to discover the best time to post on Instagram, helping you meet your followers when they're most active on the app and more likely to engage.
Frequency refers to how often a user opens the Instagram app.
Frequent users will see a more chronological feed, but those who seldom open the app will see posts most relevant to their interests and relationships since last opening the app.
Following many people means that the algorithm has more content to choose from when surfacing posts in a feed. When this happens, they prioritize relationships, engagement, and perceived interests.
Again, this factor emphasizes the importance of generating a relationship with your audience, encouraging engagement, and posting at the right times.
The usage factor is similar to frequency, as it relates to how much time is spent on the app.
Those who do quick browsing sessions will see what the algorithm determines to be the day's highlights based on the factors mentioned above, while those who spend more time on the app will see a more significant number of posts.
Frequent browsers may even run out of content to see, at which point the algorithm will suggest new posts and accounts based on your interactions and engagement history.
Instagram makes many content recommendations, so a portion of the content users see is based on the app's understanding of their interest in specific topics.
If it detects that you always like, comment, and interact with posts around similar topics, you'll see those posts first. Users who engage with content similar to what you post are also more likely to be shown your posts, and vice versa.
While not a direct factor that Instagram has noted as an algorithm factor in 2016, engagement does play a significant role in the algorithms process.
How Instagram's Algorithm Uses Engagement
In addition to all of the above factors, engagement plays a significant role in how the Instagram algorithm prioritizes and surfaces content to users. The most important engagement metrics are comments, likes, shares, and video views.
Here is a breakdown of how engagement factors into the algorithm:
1. When you first post a photo, it's shown to a small percentage of your audience.
2. Instagram measures how quickly that photo is interacted with, i.e., comments and likes.
3. Instagram compares the engagement that your post gets to other content you've shared at similar times and days. For example, is your post from today at 10 am getting more or less traffic than your post from last Monday at 10 am? The app compares to similar times to ensure accuracy when evaluating your engagement metrics, especially since certain times bring better results.
4. If your photo attracts a lot of engagement, Instagram will show it to a higher percentage of your audience and maybe even share it on explore pages.
5. If your post continues to attract engagement, your photo will stay at the top of your audience's news feeds and reach more people. If it doesn't attract a lot of initial attention, less of your audience will see your post.
Instagram Algorithm Update 2021
The 2016 algorithm update was almost a complete overhaul to how the algorithm works, so it is the most notable, publicized, and confirmed by Instagram.
Unfortunately, since then, Instagram doesn't always make it public when they've changed the algorithm. So, if you notice changes to your engagement and reach, it is most likely not the result of an algorithm change but most likely due to the app's growth.
There are so many accounts on the platform, and as people follow more and more users, competition on the app grows. It becomes more difficult to quickly generate a significant amount of engagement, which in turn impacts how, where, and when your posts are shown in your audience's feed. This is one of the many reasons why it's important to monitor your Instagram analytics.
Instagram Algorithm Recent Changes
That being said, the most recent update to the algorithm as of 2021 is the removal of like counts on people's photos.
The update hasn't yet been made available to all Instagram users, but it would effectively remove a total like count from a user's photo and instead display only the usernames of people that have liked the post. Users who post a photo still have the option to see the number of likes a photo has received, though.
Instagram is making this update because they believe it will do numbers to diminish bullying on the app and protect users from being influenced by social pressure that says they need to get a certain amount of likes on their posts.
How to Get Your Posts Shown Higher on Instagram
Although there is not much you can do to beat the algorithm, or so to speak, there are ways to get your posts shown higher on Instagram.
Post when you know your audience is most active.
Like all social media platforms, one of the easiest ways to generate immediate engagement is to post content when you know your followers are most active, as they're already browsing the app and ready to see what you have to offer.
To get this information, you can use the native Instagram Analytics tool available to all users with business accounts or another option like Marketing Hub.
If you're new to the app, it will be challenging to get this information right away, so come back to this tip after you've spent enough time on the app to get valuable, actionable analytics.
Post content you know your audience likes.
Again, use your analytics. Understand the content that your audience engages with the most, whether it's high-quality product photos, behind-the-scenes content, or Instagram Reels. Use this to your advantage, and continue creating content that they enjoy as they're more likely to interact with something they like.
Use business-relevant hashtags.
Hashtags are a great way to signal to the algorithm about your content, which can help surface your profile to audience members interested in the hashtags you use.
Don't overload your hashtag use, but aim to use them in all of the content you share on Instagram, from Stories to IGTV to photo captions.
Encourage engagement and interaction.
Interaction on your profile will come naturally, but encouraging engagement and interaction with the content you share can be valuable in getting the algorithm to work for you.
Create engaging captions that entice users to comment on your posts, ask for likes and shares, and be in conversation with those who interact to inspire loyalty and entice them to return.
You can also place interactive elements in your Instagram Stories, like polls, stickers, and emojis. The benefits of this are twofold, as your customers will be interacting with your content, and you'll also learn more about their interests and desires based on the responses


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*Vision :*
Making Indonesian tourism a mainstay sector to increase love for the country and the welfare of the nation
*Mission :*
1. Identify and map all tourism potentials throughout Indonesia
2. Promote Indonesia tourism to domestic and foreign tourists in a planned, structured and massive manner
3. Develop creativity by organizing events to increase interest and tourism potential
4. Build international networks and cooperation with foreign tourism community, include all stakeholder related to advance the world of tourism
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Code Quality Rank: L5
Programming language: Java
License: Apache License 2.0
Tags: Animations
Latest version: v1.1.1
MultiStateAnimation alternatives and similar packages
Based on the "Animations" category.
Alternatively, view MultiStateAnimation alternatives based on common mentions on social networks and blogs.
Do you think we are missing an alternative of MultiStateAnimation or a related project?
Add another 'Animations' Package
Android library to create complex multi-state animations.
[Demo animation](docs/images/demo_1.gif)
A class that allows for complex multi-state animations using Android's AnimationDrawable. It supports both oneshot and looped animation sections. Transitions between sections can be defined, and will play automatically when moving between the defined states. State transitions can be queued asynchronously, and the library will take car of smoothly starting the next animation once the current section is complete.
Add the following dependency to your gradle build file:
 dependencies {
 compile 'com.getkeepsafe.android.multistateanimation:library:1.1.1'
Each animation consists of a series of states. A state has some metadata and a list of frames to draw. A state can also define transitions from other states. A transition is a list of frames that will be played when moving directly from a specified state to the state where the transition is defined.
An animation can be defined either with a JSON file included as a raw resource, or directly in Java code using builders.
Defining an animation with Java code
 // The ID is used in code to specify a section to play
 MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder firstSection = new MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder("first_section")
 // If true, this section will play once and stop. Otherwise it
 // will loop indefinitely.
 // The number of milliseconds that each frame of this section will
 // play
 // Each frame is the name of an image resource. They will be
 // played in the order added.
 // The frames of a transition will be played before playing
 // the normal frames of this section when transitioning. In
 // this case, the frames for this transition will play if
 // "first_section" is playing when queueTransition("second_section")
 // is called
 MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder transitionFromFirst = new MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder()
 // As a special case, a transition ID of "" is a transition
 // from nothing. It will play if the associated section is the
 // first to ever play.
 MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder transitionFromNothing = new MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder()
 // A section with a single frame and "oneshot" set to true is
 // equivalent to a static image
 MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder secondSection = new MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder("second_section")
 .addTransition("first_section", transitionFromFirst)
 .addTransition("", transitionFromNothing)
 // Animation should be given an View that will be used to display the animation.
 ImageView view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.animationImageView);
 MultiStateAnimation animation = new MultiStateAnimation.Builder(view)
Defining an animation using JSON
As an alternative to using Java code, you can instead define animations using a JSON file stored as a raw resource. The following JSON file defines the same animation as the above Java code.
 "first_section": {
 "oneshot": false,
 "frame_duration": 33,
 "frames": [
 "second_section": {
 "oneshot": true,
 "frames": [
 "transitions_from": {
 "first_section": {
 "frame_duration": 33,
 "frames": [
 "": {
 "frames": [
Then a MultiStateAnimationOjbect can be created in Java:
 ImageView view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.animationImageView);
 MultiStateAnimation animationSeries = MultiStateAnimation.fromJsonResource(context, view, R.raw.sample_animation);
Generating JSON animation files automatically
Included in the repo is a [Python 3 script](scripts/generate_animation_json.py) that can assist in generating the JSON for an animation. To use it, place the frames for each section of the animation in a separate folder, the pass those folders to the script.
For example, to generate the JSON file above, create a folder structure like this:
 ├── first_section
 │ ├── first_section_1.png
 │ └── first_section_2.png
 ├── first_to_second_transition
 │ ├── first_to_second_transition_001.png
 │ ├── first_to_second_transition_002.png
 │ └── first_to_second_transition_003.png
 ├── nothing_to_second_transition
 │ ├── nothing_to_second_001.png
 │ └── nothing_to_second_002.png
 └── second_section
 └── second_section_01.png
These folders can be located anywhere in your filesystem. To generate the JSON file, run the script with the folders as arguments:
 python generate_animation_json.py first_section/ second_section/ first_to_second_transition/ nothing_to_second_transition/ --output=sample_animation.json
The script will ask a series of questions about each section, and save the resulting json file to sample_animation.json. You can run python generate_animation_json.py --help to see a full list of arguments
Playing animations
Once the animation object is created via one of the above methods, you can use queueTransition and transitionNow from the GUI thread to start playing the animations.
Sample application
See the [main Activity](samples/src/main/java/com/getkeepsafe/android/multistateanimation/samples/ThreeStateSampleActivity.java) and the [json animation definition](samples/res/raw/sample_animation.json) in the [sample application](samples/) for an example.
Java API
Check out the Javadocs for more API details.
Copyright 2016 KeepSafe Inc.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*Note that all licence references and agreements mentioned in the MultiStateAnimation README section above are relevant to that project's source code only.


December 19, 2019
Select Committee Unanimously Approves Third Round of Recommendations
Washington, D.C. – Today the Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress ("Select Committee") passed its third round of bipartisan recommendations aimed to make Congress work better for the American people. The recommendations were crafted to boost civility and bipartisanship in the House, save taxpayer dollars and increase the quality of constituent communication. The recommendations, 16 in total, passed unanimously.
"Since this committee was created, our mission has been to craft bipartisan solutions to make Congress work better for the people we serve. After today, we have a total of 45 bipartisan ideas that would improve the functions of the House, help Members better communicate with their constituents, encourage civility and bipartisanship throughout the House, and save taxpayer dollars, among other critical improvements that could be made to the People's House," said Chair Derek Kilmer (D-WA) and Vice Chair Tom Graves (R-GA). "We are grateful for the continued support this committee has received throughout the year and are ready to hit the ground running in 2020 to turn our recommendations into results."
The approved recommendations can be seen below:
Encouraging Civility and Bipartisanship in Congress
 1. Create a bipartisan Members-only space in the Capitol to encourage more collaboration across party lines.
 2. Institute biennial bipartisan retreats for Members and their families at the start of each Congress.
 3. Update committee policies to increase bipartisan learning opportunities for staff.
 4. Establish bipartisan committee staff briefings and agenda-setting retreats to encourage better policy making and collaboration among Members.
Streamlining Processes and Saving Taxpayer Dollars
 1. Update House procedures to allow members to electronically add or remove their name as a bill cosponsor.
 2. Require Members to undergo emergency preparedness training to ensure our government is fully prepared in the event of a crisis.
 3. Identify ways the House and Senate can streamline purchases and save taxpayer dollars.
 4. Encourage House-wide bulk purchasing of goods and services to cut back on waste and inefficiency.
 5. Update travel expenditure policies to improve efficiencies, and boost accountability and transparency.
Increasing the quality of constituent communication
 1. Consolidate the regulations governing Member office communications, including digital communications, into one easy to find place.
 2. Rename the House Commission on Mailing Standards, also known as the Franking Commission, the House Communications Standards Commission to reflect 21st Century communications.
 3. Increase opportunities for constituents to communicate with their Representatives.
 4. Increase accountability and tracking for all Member-sponsored communications mail.
 5. Allow for faster correspondence between Representatives and their constituents.
 6. Update House social media rules to allow for better communication online between Members of Congress and their followers.
 7. Allow the public to better access and view the types of communication sent by Members of Congress to their constituents.
Last week, the Select Committee introduced legislation (H.Res. 756) to implement the 29 bipartisan recommendations that passed out of the Select Committee earlier this year. The text specifically addresses five sections of reform which include: Streamlining And Reorganizing Human Resources, Improving Orientation for Members-Elect and Providing Improved Continuing Education Opportunities For Members, Modernizing and Revitalizing Technology, Making the House Accessible to All, and Improving Access to Documents and Publications. The Select Committee does not have legislative authority, but each committee member co-sponsored this legislative text, led by Chair Derek Kilmer (D-WA) and Vice Chair Tom Graves (R-GA), to signal their strong support for delivering real reform in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Select Committee will work with the Committee on House Administration and other relevant committees of jurisdiction to see these recommendations implemented once the legislation passes the House.
About the Select Committee
Created by an overwhelming bipartisan vote at the beginning of the 116th Congress, the Select Committee was tasked to produce recommendations on rules to promote a more modern and efficient Congress; procedures, including the schedule and calendar; policies to develop the next generation of leaders; staff recruitment, diversity, retention, and compensation and benefits; administrative efficiencies, including purchasing, travel, outside services, and shared administrative staff; technology and innovation; and the work of the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards.
Since March the Select Committee has held 14 hearings and numerous Member and staff-level briefings and listening sessions to solicit ideas and recommendations for reforming the legislative branch. On a rolling basis throughout the year, the Select Committee issued recommendations and shared ideas for reform on a bipartisan basis. Last month, after widespread bipartisan support throughout Capitol Hill, the Select Committee and its work was extended through the end of the 116th Congress. The rule that created the Select Committee originally had it set to expire on February 1, 2020. The extension allows the Select Committee to continue its work proposing bipartisan reforms to make Congress work better for the American people.


text:
Broad Bandwidth Surface Acoustic Wave Filter Apparatus with Staggered Tuning.
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC
Pagination or Media Count:
This application describes a broad bandwidth surface acoustic wave filter utilizing two broadband surface acoustic wave transducer pairs which individually comprise a single input and output. One pair of broadband surface acoustic wave SAW transducers is offset in frequency from a second pair of broadband SAW transducers. Each transducers is tuned with a single series inductor, and then both channels are connected electrically in parallel. The low frequency pair of transducers is tuned for maximum response below their synchronous frequency, and the high frequency pair of transducers is tuned for maximum response above their synchronous frequency. Author
- Line, Surface and Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices


Product data
AutroSense air heater
The Air Heater Box is designed to raise the temperature of the air drawn from a very cold environment by passing it across a heating element before it passes into the detector. In this manner, the problem of condensation on sampling pipeworkexternal to the protected area is minimised. Warming the air sample will also ensure the components of the detector operate within the specified temperature tolerances, and it reduces the possibility of surface condensation.
Part number: _PHONE_.3422


_USER_{Behfar, author = {Pirtaj Hamedani, Anahita and Behfar, Mehdi and Tehrani, Aliasghar and }, title = {Effect of Oral Administration of Silymarin on Healing Full-thickness Gastric Wound in Rats}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Gastrotomy can be accompanied by serious postoperative complications. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of silymarin on the histopathological and biomechanical characteristics of the gastric wall after experimental gastrotomy in rats. Methods: Full-thickness incision on the gastric wall and then suturing were conducted on 36 male Wistar rats. In the negative control group, 2 ml of normal saline was orally administered once a day (for 5 days). Moreover, omeprazole (3.6 mg/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) in the positive control and treatment groups were administered in a similar manner, respectively. Euthanasia and sampling were performed on the 6th day. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Histopathological findings demonstrated a significant increase in the maturation of fibroblasts, deposition and arrangement of collagen, angiogenesis, and formation of epithelial layer in the silymarin treatment group, compared to the two control groups. According to the results, the infiltration of inflammatory cells significantly reduced in the omeprazole and silymarin treatment groups in comparison to that reported for the negative control group. The levels of maximum strength, yield strength, stress, and energy absorption were higher in the silymarin-treated group, compared to those reported for other groups. Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study showed that the oral administration of silymarin improved the tissue indicators of wound healing and its biomechanical features in the experimental model of the full-thickness gastric wound in rats. Based on the results, it is recommended to administer silymarin following gastrotomy. }, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = {Qom Univ Med Sci J}, doi = {10.29252/qums.14.8.10}, year = {2020} }


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm comparing Entity Framework with NHibernate, and I'd like to know if when using SQL Server, what effect (if any) would enabling or disabling MARS support have on NHibernate?
MARS = Multiple Active Result Sets
The Entity Framwork documentation states the following:
When you call the Load method during a foreach (C#) or For Each (Visual Basic) enumeration, the Entity Framework tries to open a new data reader. This operation will fail unless you have enabled multiple active results sets by specifying multipleactiveresultsets=true in the connection string. For more information, see Using Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS) on MSDN. You can also load the result of the query into a List collection, which closes the data reader and enables you to enumerate over the collection to load referenced entities.
Does NHibernate has the same issue?
Additional information when connecting to SQL Azure
share|improve this question
Same as MOON (Multiple Object Oriented Network :) -- sorry, couldn't resist. – iDevlop Oct 5 '11 at 15:50
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
The issue you're referring to is linked to "server side cursors", and as far as I know of nHibernate this shouldn't be an issue, simply because it don't use them.
If you're using LINQ to load objects in nHibernate, on the first access to the foreach enumeration, nHibernate load in memory the whole resultset of the query, and this way it can use the session's connection to load everything else. When using HQL query or Criteria, it will load the resultset when you call "List()" then it close the connection.
Entity framework on the flip side, try to be smart and make use of server side cursors when scrolling a collection via a foreach enumeration, so the objectContext's connection is "busy" with the server side cursor until the foreach enumeration is ended. If MARS is not enabled, EF can't use the connection to load another resultset (you can still issue other statements such update, insert and delete) and thus it will give you an error like "There is already an open DataReader associated with this Command which must be closed first" or something similar.
Hope this helps,
After some research I've found that nHibernate could use MARS, but still in ver there's no driver for SqlServer that supports it. Of course in the SqlClientDriver is not supported (as it is inteded for Sql2000 that has no support for MARS) but even in the Sql2008ClientDriver the relevant property is set to false. Anyway this is something I'll post to the nHibernate team as soon as possible
share|improve this answer
So then does NH not care about MARS at all? What if you try to lazy-load another entity while enumerating an IQueryable result set? Wouldn't that require MARS? Perhaps NH has some way around this, or just doesn't support it? – Matt Johnson Nov 7 '11 at 17:33
Well, I'm tempted to but I can't say that. I've taken a look at nHibernate source and found out that the nHibernate could potentially use MARS. The SqlClientBatchingBatcher is derived from AbstractBatcher which in turn check if "_factory.ConnectionProvider.Driver.SupportsMultipleOpenReaders" then it use an implementaion of IDataReader that make use of MARS (as far as I know just for SQLServer and Oracle). So nHibernate is aware of MARS and looking at the cose seems able to use it for batching, if it is available, however I haven't tried it so far. If you 'll do some test on it, let us know – mCasamento Nov 8 '11 at 13:48
Thanks for looking. I'll do some testing at some point. The concern came up because we are going to (eventually) be using SQL Azure with Federations, and it doesn't support MARS. We chose NHibernate for other reasons, but I'm working on the assumption that it does not require MARS and will still work when not enabled. I'll award you the bounty since yours was the only answer and was at least detailed enough to point me in the right direction. Thanks. – Matt Johnson Nov 8 '11 at 14:54
Glad to be helpful, glad for the points and... Glad you choose nHibernate! I've done the same comparison about 1 year and an half ago, and now I lead a big project with nHibernate. I also help on two other smaller projects developed with EF so I'm up to date with both, and day by day I see that are no other reason that a gentler learning curve to use EF with a real world business application (more than 50 entities) – mCasamento Nov 8 '11 at 20:51
The distinguishing factor for me was that NH can be extended through event listeners. EF had something that could achieve the same effect in CTP5 called "Custom Pluggable Conventions", but they dropped it for the 4.1 release and it hasn't come back yet in 4.2. So NH it is. – Matt Johnson Nov 9 '11 at 14:19
Your Answer


text:
Objective: The student will use estimation, calculation of percentages and subjective-reasoning skills.
Teacher: One apple per student; one scale or balance with weights per group; napkins.
Students: paper and pencil.
Teacher Preparation: Wash apples.
1. Have class discussion about percentage and what students consider to be the edible part of fruit.
2. Divide class into cooperative learning groups.
3. Hand out apples and napkins.
4. Have students estimate what part or percentage of apple is edible.
5. Instruct students to weigh apples (and napkin) and record result on paper.
6. Students eat their apples, saving all uneaten parts on their napkin.
7. Students should then weigh the napkin holding the uneaten part of the apple.
8. Students subtract weight of uneaten part from whole weight to find weight of edible part.
9. Students divide edible weight by whole weight to find percentage.
10. Have one person from each group record the data from each person.
11. One person from each group shares with the class the data and examples of uneated parts of apples, comparing the estimations with the actual results.
Variations/Options: Teacher can combine this exercise with a discussion of the subjective nature of a definition and how that influences a scientific procedure.


text:
Democratic Reps Propose Air Quality Reforms
LANSING —State Reps. Abdullah Hammoud (D-Dearborn), David LaGrand (D-Grand Rapids), Vanessa Guerra (D-Saginaw), Tenisha Yancey (D-Harper Woods), Cara Clemente (D-Lincoln Park), and Sylvia Santana (D-Detroit) have introduced an air quality bill package with proposals to protect public health through enhancing air quality standards and strengthening the permitting process.
"We need to hold corporations accountable, especially those that request to emit additional pollutants in areas that already have questionable air quality," Rep. Hammoud said. "This is discrimination by pollution, and it has to stop. Neighborhoods in Dearborn border the epicenter of the asthma burden, an area where asthma rates that are up to two to four times higher than the state average. Under current law, the DEQ is not permitted to consider the total amount of pollutants being emitted by all corporations within a neighborhood. My bill would require the DEQ to take into account the entirety of the pollution within a neighborhood, by all the corporations, when considering any additional permits."
These proposals focus on environmental justice, transparency, accountability, local control, and expanding permit criteria. The bills are as follows:
- HB 6139 (Rep. LaGrand): Requires all state departments and agencies to consider air quality when making decisions, and to establish air quality criteria.
- HB 6140 (Rep. Guerra): Requires the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to notify legislators in the district where a permit is requested to increase emissions.
- HB 6141 (Rep. Yancey): Requires the entity requesting the permit to increase emissions to have a representative present at the public hearing, and to address questions and concerns from the public.
- HB 6142 (Rep. Clemente): Requires the DEQ to consider certain socioeconomic variables when reviewing a permit request.
- HB 6143 (Rep. Hammoud): Requires the DEQ to take into consideration the cumulative air quality impact when considering permits.
- HB 6144 (Rep. Santana): Creates a process in which a local government could veto a permit to increase air emissions through their passage of a resolution.
"We need to increase accountability for the corporations requesting to increase air pollution. At present, there is no legal requirement for the requester of a permit to address public questions, or even attend the hearing," Rep. Yancey said. "My bill fixes this unfortunate situation by increasing transparency and accountability. At a minimum, Michiganders deserves to know the specifics on projects that could potentially be exposing their children to air pollution, and then have an opportunity to question the corporations directly."
"Local control is important, and is severely lacking in the permitting process. Local governments should have the ability to determine what happens in their communities, and if they want additional pollutants to be added to the air that their children breathe," Rep. Santana said. "This bill creates a process for local governments to be involved in the process by granting them the ability to pass a resolution to block a permit that increases pollutants."


attributed text with NSAttributedString and NSParagraphStyle (updated)
Note: Code has been updated following changes to UIFont in Xcode (6.1). Cut and paste this code into your viewDidLoad. Run in the iOS Simulator on an iPhone (to see full effect of paragraph styling). The comments explain what is happening. // Define string attributes let font = UIFont(name: "Georgia", size: 18.0)?? UIFont.systemFontOfSize(18.0) let textFont = [NSFontAttributeName:font] let fontItal = UIFont(name: "Georgia-Italic", size: 18.0)?? UIFont.systemFontOfSize(18.0) let italFont = [NSFontAttributeName:fontItal] // Create a string that will be our paragraph let para = NSMutableAttributedString() // Create locally formatted strings let attrString1 = NSAttributedString(string: "Hello Swift! This is a tutorial looking at ", attributes:textFont) let attrString2 = NSAttributedString(string: "attributed", attributes:italFont) let attrString3 = NSAttributedString(string: " strings.", attributes:textFont)
Swift: Use for-in loops with your own sequence types
For-in loop The for-in loop might well be familiar to you from working with arrays. For example: let intArray = [1,2,3,4,5,6] for int in intArray { println(int) } Here each value in the array is iterated over and returned as the value (in this case named int) within the loop. Build your own sequence and generator We can use the for-in loop to iterate over our own types that adopt the SequenceType protocol as is explored in this post. There are two requirements that the SequenceType protocol makes of a Type that adopts it: (1) the type must contain a method to return an instance of a Type that adopts the GeneratorType protocol, (2) it must typealias the name of the generator type to GeneratorType. And these requirements in their barest form might look like this: struct MySequence:SequenceType { typealias GeneratorType = MyGenerator func generate() -> GeneratorType { var gen = MyGenerator() return gen } } Next, because we are instantiating a gene


. Find the closest species to a selected species in a tree. For example, find the species closest to the European human.
 [h_all,h_leaves] = select(tree,'reference',3,...
 h_all is a list of indices for the nodes within a patristic distance of 0.6 to the European human leaf, while h_leaves is a list of indices for only the leaf nodes within the same patristic distance.
 A patristic distance is the path length between species calculated from the hierarchical clustering distances. The path distance is not necessarily the biological distance.
 3. List the names of the closest species.
 subtree_names = names(h_leaves)
 The MATLAB software prints a list of species with a patristic distance to the European human less than the specified distance. In this case, the patristic distance threshold is less than 0.6.
 subtree_names =
 4. Extract a subtree from the whole tree by removing unwanted leaves. For example, prune the tree to species within 0.6 of the European human species.
 leaves_to_prune = ~h_leaves;
 pruned_tree = prune(tree,leaves_to_prune)
 h = plot(pruned_tree,'orient','top');
 ylabel('Evolutionary distance')
 The MATLAB software returns information about the new subtree and plots the pruned phylogenetic tree in a Figure window.
 Phylogenetic tree object with 6 leaves (5 branches)
 5. Explore, edit, and format a phylogenetic tree using the Phylogenetic Tree app.
 The Phylogenetic Tree window opens, showing the tree.
 You can interactively change the appearance of the tree using the app. For information on using this app, see Phylogenetic Tree App Reference.
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