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Rainbow Journalism
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Amid lapses in journalistic integrity and increased competition from the once queer-shy mainstream press, can San Francisco's gay press remain the voice of its community?
Story by Dara Colwell
Illustrations by Steffan Schlarb
One evening early in 1950, a handful of men met in a Los Angeles home for an informal discussion. They locked the door, pulled down the shades and began to discuss--somewhat hesitantly at first--the nature of their deviancy. Their homosexuality, a subject silently dropped from polite conversation, was painfully isolating, but tonight they spoke freely. As midnight disappeared they voted to meet again. Within the next few months, they formed the Mattachine Society, and within a few years they began printing material for the homophilic press. Soon other publications appeared. And little by little the gay press grew, evolving decades later into a powerful force that galvanized the national gay and lesbian community.
As the gay alternative press expanded throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, it became marked by constant upheaval: turf wars, internal staff conflicts and, frequently, bankruptcy. Steering an uncertain and erratic course, most publications were short-lived, but new voices quickly emerged to continue the momentum and arouse social consciousness. Like the gay movement, the gay press had struggled to survive, and it grew more and more vocal--until the AIDS epidemic, for a time, muffled some of its cries.
Today, the gay and lesbian press enjoys a new level of respectability and prominence. Despite increased coverage of gay news in the mainstream media, the queer press still plays a decisive role in covering issues affecting the community, such as civil rights laws and legislation over same-sex partnerships.
But as in any community, dissenting voices are questioning the integrity, quality and politics of the press that represents them. Likened by one veteran reporter to a "dysfunctional family which spends half the time fighting among themselves," San Francisco's gay press is in a period of transition.
While it has struggled to weather continuing financial difficulties and maintain its traditional advocacy role, the local gay press faces a unique situation--a straight female editor, Lauren Hauptman, now heads Frontiers, a magazine geared predominantly to gay men.
This poses some interesting questions: If the most qualified man for the job is a straight woman, is the gay press still serving its community? What, in general, is its role, and how well is it received as the community itself gains wider visibility and acceptance?
A survey of what the gay man and woman on the street is reading.
A telling study of the covers of a few gay publications.
Advocacy vs. Objectivity
Hauptman is not the only straight woman rocking the boat. Pat Christen, executive director of the SF AIDS Foundation, has come under the aggressive scrutiny of the gay press, raising the issue of advocacy gone too far.
"The gay press plays a very important role in the community, but there's no doubt in my mind they go overboard," said one longtime AIDS educator who wished to remain anonymous. "At some point they stop being journalists and start being protagonists." The debate over advocacy versus objective journalism is as old as the gay press itself. As the voice of a minority community, the gay press historically has put a strong spin on news. Anything perceived as an attack was condemned outright.
And in matters close to the heart, such as the running of the SF AIDS Foundation, the dialogue within the community can prove contentious. Like when the Bay Area Reporter (a.k.a. the B.A.R.), a news weekly with a circulation of 35,000, ran a front-page photograph of Pat Christen being hit with a 25-pound bag of urine-soaked cat litter by a member of ACT UP/SF with the subhead "It was a real shit fight." While maybe over the top, these words do sum up the war between the B.A.R. and the SF AIDS Foundation.
Allegations that the nonprofit turned away patients without explanation, had lost its ties to the community and was instead more interested in institutional self-preservation have all surfaced in the debate over Christen's leadership. But the way the dialogue was framed, according to Derek Gordon, communications director at the SF AIDS Foundation, was divisive as well as sexist. "Between the outrageous headlines, sensationalist drop quotes, editorials and letters to the editor calling her a 'ball-busting bitch' and other incredibly misogynist terms, the B.A.R. either directly or indirectly lambasted her based on nothing other than her sexual orientation."
Mike Salinas, news editor at the B.A.R., sees it differently. "To say that she is a heterosexual woman is a convenient argument which deflects attention away from the real debate," Salinas said. "The Foundation spends too much time making its critics sound crazy and not enough time getting the organization into better shape."
A proverbial 800-pound gorilla, the SF AIDS Foundation is the largest service organization in the western United States. Recently, the AIDS activist group ACT UP/Golden Gate (not to be confused with the kitty-litter-throwing ACT UP/SF), wanting to track the Foundation's use of huge government funds, set up the Accountability Project Web site, revealing financial information on major U.S. AIDS charities and nonprofits, including their directors' salaries. Salinas said he was concerned that the community had no effect on or input relating to Christen's $162,000 salary. "There's the perception they don't believe it's anyone's business, when the whole point of the organization when it was founded was just that--it is the community's business."
But in San Francisco's insular gay community, political and personality conflicts are linked and often mistaken for one another, according to Tim Kingston, a news reporter for Frontiers and formerly for the Bay Times. "Sometimes a paper can develop a fixation on a particular personality to the point that if the person sneezes, there's a news story," Kingston said.
Gordon agrees and noted a downside to his having to respond to the near-constant attacks from the B.A.R. "It's not a good use of my time," said Gordon. "Very often I find myself going round and round, over and over, on issues that have little or nothing to do with ending this pandemic."
While most journalists--in the alternative or mainstream press--would argue there is no such thing as total objectivity, the lack of balanced reporting on Christen's career upset fellow AIDS workers enough to send a letter to Salinas. While agreeing with Salinas that the Foundation should be held accountable, the signers argued that there was a big difference between criticism and vilification. "There is simply no excuse for the kind of viciousness aimed at Pat which we've seen exhibited during the last several years, particularly in the pages of the Bay Area Reporter," the letter read. "We are disturbed that she gets treated much more roughly than any male leader in our community." The letter was printed only in part and out of context within a Salinas-penned editorial attacking it as being an "appalling bit of whimsy."
While observers of the gay press are well aware of the developed egos that operate within it, many believe there is a pressing need for balance to achieve credibility. "Advocacy journalism has its place and the gay press voices valid concerns," said Fernando Quinteros at the News Watch Project, an organization affiliated with San Francisco State University's journalism department whose aim is to monitor the fairness of news coverage of people of color and lesbians/gays. "But bringing in an outside perspective would certainly be novel. Gay journalists should work to uphold the basic tenets of good journalism and seek to go beyond an editorial tone."
But if objectivity is the goal, it can be argued, the gay community can look to the mainstream press, which has increasingly covered gay issues. For gay activist Jeff Sheehy, however, objective journalism hides a deeper societal bias. "So-called objective writing can actually be harmful. Reporters always look for counterbalance with a negative, homophobic view that reinforces the status quo." Recognizing the bias inherent in the gay alternative press, Sheehy still believes that advocacy is necessary. "We have a sophisticated, empowered community. People challenge those who speak for it and how they speak for it," he said. "Here, there are thousands of different voices screaming."
Elizabeth Weise, president of the Northern California chapter of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalist Association, sees the situation as a perpetual Catch-22. "There is real strength in vigorous journalism. I think the gay press certainly had that in the beginning at a time when the straight press was calling us perverts and faggots. There were clearly strongly held views." Weise says that while there is a definite need for the niche press, "I expect the standard of journalism to be higher. Things need to be substantiated. How can I take something seriously if it is totally one-sided?"
Similarly, reporter Kingston thinks there are few good writers who do the necessary research to report fairly. And given the diverse nature of San Francisco's gay population, a greater variety of journalism should be expected. "But," he said, with a trace of sarcasm, "follow the money--you get what you pay for."
Following the Money
"Most publications are free. What they pay or say they can afford to pay is not a lot," said Randy Alfred, media watchdog and a former editor of the now defunct Sentinel. "For the most part, the quality of reporting is not really up to a professional standard." Alfred said that for a generation, people in


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A comment by Tim Lymington notes that the wife of an earl is a countess. Why is this so? Shouldn't it have been earless? Was this perhaps a conscious decision due to its homography with ear-less?
Did a jarl ever have a jarless? Ah. Perhaps not.
share|improve this question
-ess is a suffix from French; the most common Germanic suffix is -in, so if there were an inherited feminine form of jarl it would probably be jarlin. One can speculate that this would have come into English as earlen (the only desinence of -in I can think of in English is vixen, from fox). – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:41
3 Answers 3
The male version of countess is sometimes count. From Wikipedia:
An earl was originally another title, but later came to be equivalent to count:
An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke (hertig/hertug). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer)....
The Norman-derived equivalent "count" was not introduced following the Norman Conquest of England though "countess" was and is used for the female title. As Geoffrey Hughes writes, "It is a likely speculation that the Norman French title 'Count' was abandoned in England in favour of the Germanic 'Earl' […] precisely because of the uncomfortable phonetic proximity to cunt".
share|improve this answer
To further complicate things: "An earl has the title Earl of [X] when the title originates from a placename, or Earl [X] when the title comes from a surname. In either case, he is referred to as Lord [X], and his wife as Lady [X]. A countess who holds an earldom in her own right also uses Lady [X], but her husband does not have a title (unless he has one in his own right)." – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 6:32
Thanks! So, the reason is "for lack of a better term"? How dull :( Any idea what female jarls were called? – coleopterist Jan 19 '13 at 7:18
As far as I can tell, jarls were only men with no special title for their wives, although the first ever female Guizer Jarl was chosen in 2010, there's no mention of a feminine title. _URL_ (But this actual title only dates from 1906, the role was only created in 1881, and some say it's "based upon a flawed Viking perspective".) – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 7:32
Before the title died out, jarl was also used for a higher rank in Scandinavia, including rulers of petty kingdoms. I imagine it is for this reason that we normally translate Greve and Lensgreve as Count rather than Earl even though the latter would be a more "complete" translation into English. – Jon Hanna Jan 19 '13 at 14:09
As Hugo cites in his Wikipedia reference, the title of earl is derived from the Anglo-Saxon title. An eorl was the highest rank below the king in pre-Norman England, and there was no female version of the word. Indeed, the only female noble who had a title at all was the cyninge (queen). There existed a kind of abstract title, but it was pretty broad:
ides f (-e/-a) virgin; 2 woman, wife, lady, queen; [it is a word little used except in poetry, and it is supposed by Grimm to have been applied, in the earliest times, like the Greek numfé, to superhuman beings, occupying a position between goddesses and mere women]
In all my reading about the period I have never encountered a female title of rank corresponding to eorl (itself replacing ealdorman). Indeed, even the famous wife of Eorl Leofric of Mercia, whom you know as Lady Godiva (_PHONE_), is simply referred to by her given name, Godgifu.
Given that there was no traditional corresponding title of rank, it is not surprising that one should have been borrowed.
share|improve this answer
An earl and a count are equivalent. But "count" from the French, is a much more common usage in English than "earl," which is derived from the Scandinavian "jarl."
Hence the female version, countess, is a "take off" of a "count" rather than an "earl."
share|improve this answer
On what grounds do you say "'count'... is a much more common usage than English than 'earl'"? Given that earl is a rank in British nobility and count isn't, I think this is nonsense. – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:34
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orges: Virtuoso of the Sword and the Bow (Lives in Music) by Gabriel Banat by Gabriel Banat
A Swashbuckling Violinist, Fresh From the 1700s
One of the most fascinating figures of the 18th century was the Chevalier de Saint-Georges, a composer, violinist, fencing champion and military hero whose fame spanned continents. That he was black, born in 1745 to a white planter and his slave mistress in Guadeloupe, not only shaped his life in France, but has fed a growing interest in him today.
Though Saint-Georges's life reads like a Hollywood screenplay, it was his musical talent that most interested Gabriel Banat, a concert violinist and musicologist whose biography, The Chevalier de Saint-Georges: Virtuoso of the Sword and the Bow, was published by Pendragon Press in 2006.
"He's not a Mozart, but his innovative violin technique makes him a bridge between Italian virtuosos like Vivaldi and Locatelli and Beethoven in his violin writing," Mr. Banat said in an interview in his home here. "He did a lot for the violin in bringing Italian virtuoso technique to the great masters."
Saint-Georges, who died in 1799, wrote 14 violin concertos, 8 symphony concertantes and 5 operas, among other works. (His second symphony will be performed on April 12 and 13 by the Stamford Symphony Orchestra at the Palace Theater in Stamford.)
Mr. Banat, who had an acclaimed solo career before becoming a 23-year member of the New York Philharmonic, considers Saint-Georges the first significant black classical composer. Now retired, Mr. Banat, 81, has spent years researching and writing about Saint-Georges, who made music in the court of Marie Antoinette and went on to lead a regiment of black soldiers in the French Revolution.
Born as Joseph Boulogne, Saint-Georges took part of his title from his father, George Bologne de Saint-Georges, and became a chevalier when he was appointed a Versailles guard-on-horseback by Louis XV. Known for his striking looks, sweet temperament and swashbuckling ventures, he became the subject of a 19th-century romance novel that spawned distortions of his life in later biographies, according to Mr. Banat.
Some of the more innocuous errors about him, Mr. Banat notes in the preface to his biography, include "the year of his birth, the identity of his father, the spelling of his family name and the place where he spent his childhood." Mr. Banat said that legends of Saint-Georges being a "ladykiller" and Marie Antoinette's lover were "tinged with racism" because of their insinuations about black male sexuality. Nor, he said, was Saint-Georges the queen's music teacher.
Mr. Banat said he first heard of Saint-Georges in the 1970s while browsing in the New York Public Library for new material for his recitals. "I picked up a score and said, 'Who is this lovely Saint-Georges?' "he recalled.
Mr. Banat said he wanted to delve deeper, especially after learning of the composer's difficulties as a person of mixed race - Saint-Georges could not marry within his social group, and although he led a prestigious orchestra that gave the premieres of several Haydn symphonies, he was denied the position of director of the Paris Opera. "As a young Jewish boy violinist, I had to fight against discrimination, and I felt empathy for him," said Mr. Banat, who was born in Romania, trained as a violinist in Hungary and spent much of World War II in hiding before coming to the United States in 1946.
Although Mr. Banat's book was published more than a year ago, Saint-Georges is still on his mind. "Chevalier," a film about Saint-Georges is now in development by Griot Pictures Entertainment and is scheduled to start production later this year. Mr. Banat says he is concerned about how the composer will be portrayed.
Thomas Hopkins, the film's producer, said the movie would take some liberties as a biopic, but that it would not "overstate the historical facts." "It's not a documentary," he said noting that the story was mainly about "a guy who was born an aristocrat and became a revolutionary."
January 10, 2007
Jubilate Amen! by Paul A. Richardson
People involved in music and religion celebrate the work of Hustad (b. 1918), who was responsible for publishing hymnals in evangelical Christianity. After appreciations, including one by Billy Graham, a biography, and a bibliography, they present articles and essays on such topics as inner logic and composing through in 88.88.88. tunes, an African addendum on music in missions, to and fro with Cum Rhondda, proclamation and praise, the church's music in the church-related college, and the Scopes trial songs. Seven hymns close the volume.
Book News, Inc.
August 16, 1990
Arts/Sciences: Alloys (Paperback) by Sharon Kanach
Any written addition to our understanding of the music and thought of composer and theorist lannis Xenakis is highly welcome. Aside from his book Formalized Music and a handful of articles, Xenakis has, until now, said very little about his work, especially in 'nontechnical' terms. His other book, Musique Architecture, has been translated from the French into Japanese, Italian and Catalan but not yet into English.
Arts/Sciences: Alloys is all the more important because of its essentially philosophical, conversational tone. Xenakis and his colleagues candidly discuss aesthetics, the nature of the compositional process and, perhaps most interesting (especially to readers of this journal), the marriage of music and science, particularly mathematics. The latter topic is one of the primary thrusts of Xenakis's work. Many readers, fascinated by Xenakis's beautiful, visionary and demanding music but unable to navigate the somewhat difficult mathematical explanations in Formalized Music, may find in these conversations a kind of Rosetta stone for Xenakis's thought.
The very form of the book is intriguing: a transcription of a thesis defense for a Doctorat d'Etat' at the Sorbonne in 1976. In Xenakis's own words from the preface, "In France the 'Doctorat d'Etat' may be awarded on the basis of a 'file' consisting of previously published theoretical and creative works. This thesis file must then be defined before a jury whose members (not necessarily academic personalities) are suggested to the sponsoring university by the candidate. Once all the members have been agreed upon, a five-hour deliberation session is held between the candidate and the jury. At the end of this 'defense', the jury decides whether the degree should be awarded, and if so, with what honors". (Needless to say, Xenakis's doctorate was awarded, with 'Very Honorable' mention.)
One aspect that makes this book so interesting is that Xenakis himself chose those thinkers 'against' whom he wished to defend the voluminous material in his file (articles, books, scores, recordings, etc.). The five members of his jury—Olivier Revault d'Allones, Olivier Messiaen, Michel Ragon, Michel Serres and Bernard Teyssedre adopt highly diverse, but usually admiring views of Xenakis's work and thought.
The book would be greatly improved by brief biographies or even one-sentence descriptions of these five. Non-French readers may not be familiar with these scholars (indeed, a quick canvas of some fairly literate musician friends showed this to be the case!). A cursory knowledge of their respective disciplines would, I think, greatly illuminate much of the dialogue in the book, as well as supply the intellectual motivation for many of the questions.
Xenakis is unarguably one of the great visionaries of twentieth-century music. I have a habit of telling my composition students, when they first come to me, that there are perhaps five books with which they absolutely must be familiar if they are to consider themselves conversant with the musical ideas (especially American) of the second part of this century: Partch's Genesis of a Music, Tenney's Meta + Hodos, Cage's Silence, Ives's Essays Before a Sonata and Xenakis's Formalized Music. Xenakis's work is a successful and forward-looking integration of the most profound ideas from science and music; and the sheer sonic integrity and fascination of his music has always made detailed study of his compositional processes and theories rewarding.
This book tends to focus on one of the most interesting realms of Xenakis: the integration of art and science. Xenakis and his colleagues are not interested in simply applying scientific principles to artistic activity (in fact, they point out that the converse has been surprisingly overlooked). Rather, they initiate an investigation of what Xenakis calls 'global morphology'—a search for deep forms that motivate human thought processes and concrete manifestations (art, science, technology, architecture and even the evolution and perception of biological forms). Xenakis's statistical and group-theoretical musical constructs are the beginnings of a search for a unitary theory of thought and of perception, which includes as a necessary subset his musical and architectural creations.
In Arts/Sciences: Alloys Xenakis presents for the first time (at least in English) some of the most fundamental

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
Educational institutions since the eighth century, open to lay persons in general as well as those interested in becoming priests. They were managed by a headmaster and were similar to the episcopal schools of a few centuries before, where the bishops were the sole teachers. Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz int he mid-eighth century, is said to have been the founder of this type of school, a system later followed by the public schools of Western Europe until the eighteenth century. The cathedral schools flourished in France, Germany, and England. The curriculum of the lower schools was usually reading, writing, psalmody, and Christian doctrine; curriculum of the higher schools was grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music, with Scripture and theology as possible additional units. They were the forerunners of the medieval universities.
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


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Threaded Rod 101: Dimensions
Welcome back to our Threaded 101 series! Be sure to read our previous articles on finishes, materials, and tensile strength to catch up. This article provides an overview of dimensions associated with threaded rods.
With so many different sizes and measurements, threaded rod dimensions can be complicated. The important dimensions for threaded products are diameter, thread pitch, and length (Figure 1). This is also the order typically used to specify a productdiameter, thread pitch, length.
Figure 1: Threaded Rod Dimensions
There are several different diameter measurements associated with threaded rods. First is the major diameter, which is the largest diameter of the screw thread, measured from thread crest to thread crest. Next is the minor diameter, which is the smallest diameter of the screw thread, measured from thread root to thread root. Minor diameter is sometimes referred to as root diameter. Lastly, pitch diameter is the simple effective diameter of screw thread, approximately halfway between the major and minor diameters. All diameters are measured in either inches or millimeters.
When specifying a threaded rod, the nominal major diameter should be used. This can be expressed as a fraction, decimal, or machine screw number.
Thread Count and Pitch
Thread count is measured in threads per inch (TPI). Typically, Inch-Standard fasteners use thread count while thread pitch is used for Metric fasteners. Thread pitch is the distance from a point on the screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread measured parallel to the axis, typically measuring the distance between thread crests. Thread pitch is often measured in millimeters. TPI and thread pitch are determined by the thread series. The most common thread series are Unified Coarse (UNC), Unified Fine (UNF), Acme, 8-pitch (UN8), Metric coarse, and Metric fine.
When specifying a threaded rod, the TPI or thread pitch comes after the major diameter. Inch-Standard fasteners use TPI while Metric fasteners use thread pitch. A dash (-) commonly separates the TPI from the major diameter specified. An "x" commonly separates the thread pitch from the major diameter for Metric threads. Specifying the thread series is not uncommon, but it is not necessary since the TPI or thread pitch will indicate that information.
Class of Fit
Class of fit is a designation used to specify the amount of tolerance/allowance between mating threads. Essentially, it is a designation of how the internal and external threads fit together. For Unified thread series there are six main classes, three for external threads and three for internal threads. These are designated by the numbers 1, 2, and 3 followed by either "A" or "B". The "A" designation represents external threads while the "B" designation represents internal threads. Class 1A fits allow for the largest tolerances and are used in many commercial applications for easy assembly and disassembly. Class 2A fits are tighter than 1A fits and are used for some commercial and aerospace applications. Class 3A fits are the tightest and allow for the smallest tolerances. These are used in precision applications where a close fit is required.
For Metric thread series, there are many more classes. These have two sets of alphanumeric designations, one for the pitch diameter and one for the major diameter. They are usually shown in the following format: 6g6g. When the two tolerances are the same, the class of fit can be simplified to one alphanumeric pairing (in this case: 6g). The numbers represent the tolerance grade while the letters represent the tolerance position. Smaller numbers indicate a tighter fit while smaller letters (closer to the beginning of the alphabet) indicate more allowance. External threads are designated by lower-case letters. Internal threads are designated by upper-case letters. The most common class of fit for Metric thread series is 6g for external threads and 6H for internal threads.
When specifying a threaded rod, the class of fit comes after the TPI/thread pitch. A dash (-) commonly separates the TPI/thread pitch from the class of fit.
For the length, it is important to identify if the overall length of the product is being measured, or from first thread to first thread (see Figure 2 below). Overall length refers to the entire length of the product, from end to end. First thread to first thread refers to the measurement from the first complete thread on one end to the first complete thread on the other end. This measurement does not take into account the partial threads and chamfers on the ends of the rod.
Figure 2: Length: Overall vs 1st Thread to 1st Thread
When specifying a threaded rod, the length comes after the class of fit. The two are commonly separated by an "x" (read as "by"). Length should be in units of inches for Inch-Standard fasteners and millimeters for Metric fasteners.
Another area of measurement for double-ended and single-ended studs is the thread length, which refers to the threading on the end of the product. Thread lengths can be equal or unequal on the threaded product. For example, the product can be a 20" overall length double-ended stud, with a 2-inch thread on one end, and a 6-inch thread on the other end.
To review, when specifying a threaded rod, the nominal major diameter comes first. This is followed by a dash (or "x") and the TPI/thread pitch along with the thread series. Next is a dash and the class of fit. The length is the last necessary dimension, being separated from the class of fit by an "x".
Example of how to specify dimensions for fully threaded rods:
¼" – 20 UNC – 1A x 6"
M12 x 1.75 – 6g x 200mm
Now that you have a basic understanding of the dimensions associated with threaded rods, you can be confident that your order will fulfill the requirements of your application.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: We address anomalous transport phenomena in arrays of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots): Transient power-law decay of current as a response to a step in large bias voltage applied across the array, as well as memory effects observed after successive applications of the bias voltage. A novel phenomenological model of transport in such systems is proposed, capable of rationalizing both anomalous transport and memory. The model describes electron transport by a stationary Levy process of transmission events and therefore requires no time dependence of system properties. The long tail in the waiting time distribution gives rise to a nonstationary response in the presence of a voltage pulse. Noise measurements agree well with the predicted non-Poissonian fluctuations in current. We briefly discuss possible microscopic mechanisms that could cause the anomalous statistics in transmission.


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The town's history
Although written differently, Tölz was mentioned for the first time in the records of 1180. In 1331, it was granted extensive "Marktrechte", e.g. the right to hold a market. In the 13th and 14th century many workshops (e.g. limeburners and raftsmen) settled in this area. A great fire destroyed large parts of the town in 1453, but with generous noble support reconstruction soon began. Thanks to the location at the river Isar, the rafting and also brewery trade the town soon flourished. 22 breweries could be counted in 1721. Tölz became also famous for arts and crafts with the beautiful coloured chests, cases and beds. In 1845, iodine was found close to Tölz. Therefore, market town Markt Tölz became Bad (= the German word for spa resorts) in 1899. In 1906, it was recognized as town and in 1969 it got the rating "Heilklimatischer Kurort", which means that its climate is beneficial to health. What is more, in 2005, it also got the title "Moorheilbad", that means it is acknowledged as mineral and medicinal mud-bath spa.
The town's coat of arms
The town's coat of arms.
The town's flag with the colours black and gold.


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Discover Dutch Cycling with Naviki
Cycling and The Netherlands: one cannot go without the other! As natural as it is for the average Dutchman to use the bike for daily transportation, it is not always that obvious for foreigners. Through the development of a platform with best practice bicycle routes and facilities in Dutch municipalities, we introduce foreigners to Dutch cycling.
For foreigners who want to:
- Experience cycling infrastructure and facilities in The Netherlands.
- Create cycling awareness.
- Develop a scope of possibilities.
- Build up examples for decision making.
- Get inspired.
For Dutch municipalities who want to:
- Promote Dutch cycling and their city.
- Encourage foreign stakeholders to learn from Dutch cycling.
- Encourage opportunities for cooperation and partnerships.
The basis of Discover Dutch Cycling is Naviki, a route planner for cyclists that allows you to go from A to B and a lot more. Users can:
- Plan, collect and share routes.
- Use the Navigation app to navigate from A to B with different suggestions of routes in a cycle-friendly environment to make cycling convenient, enjoyable and safe.
- Use the Navigation app to record your paths.
- Access the website from the entire world in six languages
- Share information and routes on Facebook and Twitter.
- Have access to additional information such as distance, elevation profile and saved CO2.
- Have access to practical information such as accommodation, restaurants, leisure areas or bike shops.
The Discover Dutch Cycling Naviki Page promotes the best bicycle-friendly environments in several Dutch cities: cycle tracks, shared spaces, roundabouts, bike parking and other cycling facilities.
- By providing routes, stories and pictures that showcase cities' best cycling practices.
- By including organizations and partners' contact details.
Users obviously get advantages in using Discover Dutch Cycling. They have access to a free and handy service to organize their "learning trip" in a self-reliant way. Moreover, Discover Dutch Cycling has also specific advantages for Dutch municipalities:
- Redirect foreign stakeholders having requests that cannot be dealt with in person to an efficient, free and handy platform.
- Get in touch with foreign stakeholders.
- Create opportunities for future cooperation and partnerships.
- Increase the amount of visitors on your own website.
- Make your bicycle-friendly environment better known in the rest of the world.
- Get a geographical and an online visibility in the international cycling context.
All we need from you to set up the page
If you represent a city or town, like the idea and want to be part of this international adventure: get on board with us and other Dutch cities! The more cities join, the more convenient this platform will be for users. You can have this done for your municipality with low effort and low cost involved.
Here are the materials we need from you:
- A route (preferably less than 20 km), mapped as precisely as possible.
- An English introduction with cycling specific information about your city or town (about 100 words): why is your city relevant to visit? Why is the route relevant to bike on? What can visitors learn?
- 5 high quality pictures related to the route.
Are you as enthusiastic as we are about showcasing how attractive, safe and fun cycling in the Netherlands is? If so, feel free to contact us and we will explain how to cooperate with us.


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Sample Preparation Activities
Checklist to Help Select & Plan
Your Environmental Project
Sample Action Activities
Sample Reflection Activities
Sample Celebration & Reflection
Trees for Service
How to plant a tree
How to construct a time capsule
Sample Lesson "Trees
Selected classes will develop a service learning partnership with
a local Forestry Board and the local department of natural resources
forestry service. This service learning activity will consist of
three parts. Cooperating students will:
a Time Capsule
2. Plant a Tree
3. Take the Tree Pledge
Trees help refresh our air, shade our homes, and reduce crime in
our neighborhoods. Many of Baltimore's street and communities need
trees, especially where sidewalk tree wells are empty. Harbor City
students recognize this need by planting a tree(s) on school campuses
and neighborhood streets. Our urban community needs volunteers to
help reforest this environment by identify sites, planting trees,
and maintaining their well-being.
Outcomes: Students will
- Gain an understanding of how the urban environment needs
trees for its citizen's health and safety.
- Demonstrate how to plant trees.
- Learn that their efforts will improve the community as a
whole, including real estate prices.
- (Baltimore) demonstrate the concepts of civic virtue and
common welfare as outlined the Baltimore City Social Studies
- (Maryland) meet the 1997 Maryland graduation requirement
regarding service learning.
Lessons could include video, readings, guest speaker, and discussion.
Handouts will include a description of the service learning activity
as well as a permission form for the students to have signed by
their parents. Information will be dispersed for their time capsule
that will be interred with the tree planting as part of the dedication.
Activities for the Action and Reflection portions of the service
learning activity will be discussed.
Students will travel to a predetermine location and plant a tree.
Students will be instructed as to the proper method of planting
a tree. It has been prearranged that the tree for planting will
have been delivered at the predetermined site.
Part I - Using the materials selected by the students, a
time capsule will be sealed. This time capsule will then be interred
with the tree as a record for future generations as to why, when,
and who planted this tree.
Part II - (Baltimore) Students will be informed of other
famous Baltimore City trees, e.g. the Al Capone, Pope John Paul
II and Frederick Douglass trees that were planted earlier in our
Part III - Students will all recite the Baltimore City
Forestry Board's Tree Pledge that will encourage students to be
responsible for the care and upkeep of their tree.
Certificates of service learning hours will be presented to student
participants and photos and film will be shown for the enjoyment
and evaluation of the students.
Environmental Film. For additional resources contact the Maryland
Student Service Alliance.
- permission slips
- TV, VCR, camcorder, camera
- time capsule
Service learning, tree well, civic virtue, common welfare, citizenship.
Baltimore City Forestry Board, Baltimore City Forestry Department, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, and Maryland Department of Natural
Materials: one length of 4 inch PVC drain pipe, two caps
PVC (4 inch), one bottle of PVC glue
- Purchasing materials or seek donations from a construction/plumbing
- Cut 4" PVC pipe into an 18" length. A hand saw is adequate,
sometimes construction/ plumbing companies will cut to length
for school projects.
- Glue one PVC cap on to the end.
- Place material to be saved into the open end. Seal by glueing
and placing the second PVC cap on the open end.
- Bury sealed Time Capsule in the tree pit when planting.
I promise to:
- Properly match tree to planting site. Be wary of planting
invasive or non native species. Check with local Department
of Natural Resources.
- Have adequate tools available:
- Spade shaped shovels
- Picks and pry bars for hard soil or rocks
- Tree cart or wheel barrel for large size tree.
- Stakes and wire retainers with rubber hose supports
- maul or stake driver
- Dig planting hole twice the size of the tree ball.
- Remove and discard wire and or other wrapping from tree ball.
- Gently place tree ball in ground and file with dirt. Top
of tree ball should be even with the ground line. Be careful
not to place rocks or other debris into backfill.
- Backfill dirt and gently tamp to remove air pockets.
- Drive stakes into ground approximately six inches beyond
the digging area.
- Secure tree trunk to the stakes with wire retainers making
sure the rubber hose supports prevent the tree bark from being
scraped. Remember to remove stakes and supports after one year.
- Water Tree
- Place mulch over digging site and tree base.
- Have students take the tree pledge.
- Photograph or film tree planting for reflection and celebration
activity and or media coverage
To be thankful for the fresh air and the shade this
tree gives us.
To water this tree when it is needed.
To watch over this tree so that no harm comes to it.
On my honor so help me!


Retraining reactions to smells
Principal Investigator:
Florida State University
One of the major factors that has been found to contribute to suicide risk is a pattern of experiencing feelings of anxiety. A well-known example is that Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a higher risk of suicide than other Veterans. Thus it makes sense that if ways could be found to help Veterans reduce feelings of anxiety, it could also reduce suicide risk in those Veterans. And this is exactly what Wen Li and Brad Schmidt, psychology researchers at Florida State University, have set out to do, focusing on helping Veterans and others learn to handle anxiety-causing smells.
Many Veterans, particularly those with PTSD, are distressed by certain smells, such as those of burning rubber, gunpowder, and various flammable liquids. One study found, for instance, that 93 percent of combat Veterans with PTSD reported being distressed by the smell of burning rubber.
A major problem with many of these Veterans, Li explains, is that they are highly sensitized to these smells and that even of whiff of a particular odor is enough to trigger anxiety. Someone who is highly sensitive to the smell of gasoline, for example, might become distressed by coming close to someone who had just filled up his car's gas tank, even if the gas odor was so slight that most people wouldn't even notice it. The regular anxiety episodes caused by such a sensitivity can be very distressing.
Thus Li and Schmidt have set out to use a technique called "perceptual retraining" to help Veterans and others reduce their sensitivities to such odors. The idea behind the retraining is that people with such sensitivities are not drawing a distinction between a very slight smell, which is unlikely to signal the presence of a problem, and a strong smell, such as from a large gasoline leak, which could indeed indicate some sort of danger.
"PTSD patients," Li says, "can't differentiate between a minimum-level smell and a threat-level smell. They see a little bit of 'red' in everything. They pay attention to the small amount of red signal, while in healthy controls this will be dismissed. We want to train them to dismiss this small amount of threat signal while maintaining their ability to detect something that is truly a threat."
Li has previously used perceptual retraining to help people with social anxieties improve their ability to read emotions on other people's faces. Social phobics are much more sensitive that other people to signs of anger in a person's face and will report a face as angry that others see as neutral. The retraining involves showing the social phobic different faces showing a spectrum of expressions from neutral to angry—with the faces generated with a morphing program with a neutral face on one end and an angry face on the other—and asking the person to identify the emotion. The subject gets immediate feedback—yes, that's right, or no, that's not right—and within a relatively short time learns to identify the truly angry faces from the ones that are mostly neutral.
To help Veterans that respond anxiously to certain smells, Li has developed a variation on this approach that is designed to work with odors. It is based on a similar "morphing" technique, except in this case is it odors and not faces that are being morphed. By mixing, say, gasoline into a neutral-smelling liquid such as anisole, which smells something like anise seed, she can produce a range of odors, from those that have a very faint gasoline smell to those that smell strongly of gasoline. With that she can train people who are sensitized to the smell of gasoline to distinguish between mostly neutral smells with just a hint of gasoline and those that truly do smell of gasoline. The purpose of the training, Li says, is to create "a psychological distance between a minimal, insignificant signal and a real signal."
As of the end of 2016, Li had completed the odor perceptual retraining in four people, each of whom had been found to have heightened sensitivities to the sorts of smells that service members experience during deployment—in particular, burning rubber, gunpowder, and gasoline. She had hoped to enroll more subjects by that point, she said, but the protocols are time-intensive, and her funding came through relatively late in the consortium's first phase of the consortium. Although the project was funded only through August 2016, Li is working on a no-cost extension, and in the remaining eight months of that extension she is hoping to enroll more subjects and accumulate more data for her analysis.
After that, Li says, she hopes to use the current study as a pilot project to serve as the basis for a longer, better funded study, assuming the initial results are promising. Ultimately, of course, the goal is to add another tool to the kit of psychologists and therapists working to reduce the risk of suicide among Veterans.
No news on file at this time.


tree: deb81afbcdfb67fa1dce39f2a0fe57adb8b19655 [path history] [tgz]
 2. AndroidManifest.xml
 4. res/
 5. src/
Steps to regenerate background text images under res-*dpi/images/
 1. Build the recovery_l10n app:
 cd bootable/recovery && mma -j32
 2. Install the app on the device (or emulator) with the intended dpi.
 - For example, we can use Nexus 5 to generate the text images under res-xxhdpi.
 - We can set up the maximum width of the final png image in res/layout/main.xml Currently, the image width is 1200px for xxxhdpi, 900px for xxhdpi and 480px for xhdpi/hdpi/mdpi.
 - When using the emulator, make sure the NDK version matches the current repository. Otherwise, the app may not work properly.
 adb install $PATH_TO_APP
 3. Run the app, select the string to translate and press the 'go' button.
 4. After the app goes through the strings for all locales, pull the output png file from the device.
 adb root && adb pull /data/data/
 5. Compress the output file put it under the corresponding directory.
 - "pngcrush -c 0..." converts "text-out.png" into a 1-channel image, which is accepted by Recovery. This also compresses the image file by ~60%.
 - zopflipng could further compress the png files by ~10%, more details in
 - If you're using other png compression tools, make sure the final text image works by running graphic tests under the recovery mode.
 pngcrush -c 0 text-out.png $OUTPUT_PNG


text:
Doug Bramlett, Kieran Turley, Jerry D. Grayson
Atlantis: The Second Age: A Sword and Sorcery Roleplaying Game
Atlantis: The Second Age (2nd Edition)
„Between the Golden Age of Atlantis and the coming of the Hyperborean Age there was a time of great heroes and terrible monsters. This was an age of epic kingdoms and draconian warlords, an age of dark Gods and forbidden sorcery, when those that plumbed the depths of lost lore could build empires of light, or plunge the world into darkness eternal."
– This is the Second Age of Atlantis
A complete game for sword and sorcery adventures in the mythic past.
- 13 playable races, including the savage Nethermen, the bestial Andamen, the ever-shifting Jinn, the ancient Lemurians, the mighty Atlanteans, and of course the great mass of humanity.
- Over 100 cultures for your character to come from.
- Lifepaths that guide you through character generation and provide hundreds of stepping off points for adventure.
- Uses the robust Omega-system.
- An overview of the isles of Atlantis including dozens of adventure ideas.
- And so much more!
368 Seiten. 2014 (Second Printing).


text:
Alternate Wetting and Drying: AWD
Alternate Wetting and Drying is an irrigation method that helps save water and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in rice production.
Typically, rice is produced in constant flooded conditions. Saturated soils tend to produce methane through natural processes. By carefully managing irrigation water and allowing soils to temporarily oxygenate throughout the growing season, a process known as Alternate Wetting and Drying, this natural methane production process can be minimized. Our previous investments in technologies like Zero Grade make it possible for us to manage this technique on some portion of our farm.
Diagram Credit: Dr. Joe Massey


Top 10 Controversial Verses in the Quran 10. "Beat Them" This verse advises men to beat their wives if they don't obey them:
Qur'an 4:34 Qur'an 5:38 orders cutting of hands of a thief. More details at: Wife Beating in Islam
9. "Cut off their hands" This verse orders a gruesome irreversible punishment for thieves, robbing them of a chance to rehabilitate, improve as human beings and become a productive member of society later on. As an example, Terrence Barkley got arrested on his 16th birthday for stealing cars but interestingly that resulted in him getting out of gangs and into college to study criminal justice at the University of Central Missouri.[1] If Terrence's hands and feet had been cut off according to Islamic laws, none of this would have been possble.
Qur'an 5:38 Sura 5:33 orders the cutting off of the hands and feet of those who wage war against Allah and his Messenger.
Qur'an 5:33 See related: Amputation. For other punishments in Islam, see: Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments
8. A man may marry four wives This verse allows a man to marry up to four wives:
Qur'an 4:3 Polygamy is highly controversial and not socially accepted in most parts of the modern world. See related: Polygamy in Islam and Dealing Justly with Wives and Orphans
7. A man can marry a girl who hasn't reached puberty This highly controversial Qur'anic verse prescribes the waiting period of a female who has not yet reached puberty thereby permitting men to have sex with girls who have not reached puberty:
Qur'an 65:4 Read the detailed analysis of this verse in our article: Pedophilia in the Quran
6. A man can have sex with prisoners of war This verse allows men to have sex with women who are prisoners of war:
Qur'an 33:50 See related: Rape
Qur'an 2:65 mentions that Jews who broke the Sabbath were turned into Apes. 5. Turned into Apes People who broke the Sabbath were turned into apes:
Qur'an 2:65 See related: Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Silliness and Antisemitism
4. A man may marry the wife of his adopted son Muhammad married Zaynab, the wife of his adopted son. This verse suggests that the adopter may marry the wife of his adopted son and vice-versa:
Qur'an 33:4 See this article for details and Ibn Kathir's tafsir on this verse
2:282 and Qur'an 4:11 declare that a woman is only half the worth of a man in terms of witness and inheritance.
3. A woman's witness testimony is half of that of a man's This verse says the witness testimony of one man is equivalent to the witness testimony of two women:
Qur'an 2:282 Related to this verse is Muhammad saying that women are deficient in intelligence
2. A woman inherits half of what a man inherits This verse says that a woman inherits half of what a man inherits:
Qur'an 4:11 Qur'an 9:29 This is just one of many verses found in the Qur'an which encourages Islamic terrorism.
1. Fight non-Muslims This widely known verse orders Muslims to fight non-Muslims simply because they dont believe in the same God that Muslims do:
Qur'an 9:29 This is just one of the verses in the Qur'an which encourages Islamic terrorism. This verse, together with verse 9:5 (the "Verse of the Sword"), has abrogated 122 peaceful verses.[2] See related: Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad, The Ultimate Message of the Qur'an, and Misconceptions about Jihad
See also
scientific error in quran-Evolution This is not really controversial as many Muslim apologists themselves admit Islam and evolution don't go along:
Humans were created from a single being.
Qur'an 7:189 The creation of humans happened in an instant.
Qur'an 2:117 Plagiarized creationist tales from the Bible.
Qur'an 2:36 The hadith complements this saying humans were as tall as 90ft skyscrapers, and have been decreasing in height since, but it's surprising that the oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) were actually shorter in height than us.
'Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Allah created Adam, making him 90 feet tall...People have been decreasing in height since Adam's creation."
Sahih Bukhari 4:55:543 [edit] Astronomy [edit] The sun set into the murky water The Qur'an propagates the idea that the sun is smaller than the earth and assumes the sun goes to a black muddy pool.
Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it set in a spring of murky water: near it he found a People: We said: "O Dhu al Qarnayn! (thou hast authority) either to punish them, or to treat them with, kindness.
Qur'an 18:86 [edit] Hadith confirms this The sun goes under God's chair.
Sahih Bukhari 4:54:421 [edit] Geocentricism The Qur'an mentions numerous times that the Sun and the Moon travel in an orbit, but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with the beliefs that were prevalent prior to the 16th century that the Sun revolved around the Earth.
Qur'an 36:38 The moon and the sun orbit the earth.
By the Sun and his (glorious) splendour;
By the Moon as she follows him;
Qur'an 91:1-2-1 Fixed.
Verily! Allah grasps the heavens and the earth LEST THEY MOVE away from their places, and if they were TO MOVE' away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him. Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft Forgiving.
Qur'an 35:41 Fixed.
It is God who made for you the earth A FIXED PLACE and heaven for an edifice; And He shaped you, and shaped you well, and provided you with the good things. That then is God, your Lord, so blessed be God, the Lord of all Being.
Qur'an 40:64 Sun and moon orbit around the earth.
Qur'an 21:33 Sun orbits the earth.
Qur'an 14:33 The sun moves, the earth is still.
Qur'an 2:258 The shadow moves because of the sun's movement, not the earth's movement.
Qur'an 25:45 Everything in the universe goes around us.
Qur'an 45:13 The stars are small enough to drop on us.
And when the stars fall
Qur'an 81:2 Stars or planets rising and setting?
The stars which rise and set
Qur'an 81:16 This verse clearly implies the sun goes around the earth.
It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip the day. They float in an orbit.
Sahih Muslim 1:297 [edit] Shooting stars are missiles for devils They appear to be missiles to shoot the devil away, in this verse.
Qur'an 67:5 Except such as snatch away something by stealth, and they are pursued by a flaming fire, of piercing brightness.
Qur'an 37:10 This was a prevalent myth in Arabia. As we now know, meteors are simply masses of particle debris which brighten up after entering the earth's atmosphere.
[edit] How many planets in the solar system according to the Quran? This verse claims there are seven planets. However, according to astronomers, there are eight ordinary planets and five dwarf planets, which leaves the grand total at thirteen.
Qur'an 65:12 [edit] Tafsir Ibn Abbas explains they are all flat planets The paternal cousin of Mohamed and conspicuous expert on tafsir (interpretation of the Quran) writes that Allah means that all 7 are flat planets.
Tafsir Ibn-Abass [edit] The Moon is further away than the stars The moon is located in the middle of the universe.
Qur'an 71:15-16 But stars are in the nearest/lowest part of the universe.
Qur'an 37:6 [edit] Night time cold is caused by the Moon The Qur'an's author(s) assumed by what he observed because the Moon does not affect Earth's temperature in any manner.
Qur'an 76:13 [edit] The moon is "Noor", which emits light too The moon does not emit light. The Arabic word for reflected (in'ikaas) does not appear in this sentence.
Qur'an 28:16 The word "Noor" here also means an entity that emits light.
Qur'an 24:35 [edit] Bukhari confirms the moon emits its own light Both the sun and moon have light.
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The sun and the moon will be folded up (deprived of their light) on the Day of Resurrection."
Sahih Bukhari 4:54:422 [edit] Moon split in two There is no evidence whatsoever that the moon has ever split into two. The absence of historical record from other civilizations, contemporary of Muhammad about the moon being split substantiate to this fact.
The


text:
GGNZ What is a Carbon Footprint?
Added by the GGNZ Programme team
Discover what is a Carbon Footprint and what makes it bigger and smaller
Paint, paper, pens
Get one Pippin to paint their foot and print it onto a large piece of paper
Draw and write things that make a carbon footprint larger or smaller - see prompts here _URL_
- Carbon Footprint
This activity doesn't complete any badge requirements


Receiving Feedback
In this sprint we focus on 6 key habits for inviting and dealing with feedback effectively on a daily basis.
Receiving Feedback Habit Sprint
The key habits are essentially the evidence-based smallest impactful behaviors that people can do on a daily basis to improve their ability to hear feedback and act on it (instead of reacting to it). The content is based on small habits from research on the neurological processes involved, the work of Sheila Heen and Douglas Stone, Marcus Buckingham,...
For those interested, background information will be provided. But the most important thing, is that people will actually start building the small habits and micro-skills for inviting and receiving feedback on a daily basis.
*smallest + highest conversion rate + most impactful
50% Complete
Two Step


text:
- Services & Solutions
- Clients & Partners
An Application Of Default Logic To Speech Act Theory
One of the central issues to be addressed in basing a theory of speech acts on independently motivated accounts of propositional attitudes (belief, knowledge, intentions, etc.) and action is the specification of the effects of communicative acts. The very fact that speech acts are conventional means that specifying the effects of the utterance of, say, a declarative sentence, or the performance of an assertion, requires taking into consideration many possible deviations from the conventional use of sentences — specifically uses that are insincere, not serious, or indirect. Previous approaches to the problem of specifying speech act consequences have paid insufficient attention to the dependence of the participants' mental state after an utterance on their mental state preceding it. We present a limited solution to the problem of belief revision within Reiter's nonmonotonic Default Logic and show how to formulate the consequences of many uses of declarative sentences. Default rules are used to embody a simple theory of belief adoption, action observation, and the relation between the form of a sentence and the attitudes it is used to convey.


RIO DE JANEIRO - Some have claimed she's indulging a forbidden romance. More likely, loneliness compels her to seek company at Rio de Janeiro's zoo.
Either way, a blue-and-yellow macaw that zookeepers named Juliet is believed to be the only wild bird of its kind left in the Brazilian city where the birds once flew far and wide.
Almost every morning for the last two decades, Juliet has appeared. She swoops onto the zoo enclosure where macaws are kept and, through its fence, engages in grooming behaviour that looks like conjugal canoodling. Sometimes she just sits, relishing the presence of others. She is quieter - shier? more coy? - than her squawking chums.
Blue-and-yellow macaws live to be about 35 years old and Juliet - no spring chicken - should have found a lifelong mate years ago, according to Neiva Guedes, president of the Hyacinth Macaw Institute, an environmental group. But Juliet hasn't coupled, built a nest or had chicks, so at most she's "still just dating."
"They're social birds, and that means they don't like to live alone, whether in nature or captivity. They need company," said Guedes, who also co-ordinates a project that researches macaws in urban settings. Juliet "very probably feels lonely, and for that reason goes to the enclosure to communicate and interact."
Aside from Juliet, the last sighting of a blue-and-yellow macaw flying free in Rio was in 1818 by an Austrian naturalist, according to Marcelo Rheingantz, a biologist at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and there are no other types of macaws in the city. The lovebirds featured in the 2011 film "Rio? are Spix's macaws, which are native to a different region of Brazil and possibly extinct in the wild.
Being boisterous with brilliant plumage helps macaws find each other in dense forest, but also makes them easier targets for hunters and animal traffickers. They're often seen in other Brazilian states and across the Amazon, and it is suspected Juliet escaped from captivity.
Biologists at BioParque aren't sure if Juliet's nuzzling is limited to one caged Romeo, or a few of them. They're not even certain Juliet is female; macaw gender is near impossible to determine by sight, and requires either genetic testing of feathers or blood, or examination of the gonads.
Either would be interference merely to satisfy human curiosity with no scientific end, biologist Angelita Capobianco said inside the enclosure. Nor would they consider confining Juliet, who often soars overhead and appears well-nourished.
"We don't want to project human feelings. I look at the animal, and see an animal at ease," Capobianco said, noting Juliet has never exhibited behaviour to indicate disturbance, such as insistently pecking at the fence.
"Who am I to decide it should only stay here? I won't. It comes and goes, and its feathers are beautiful."
After more than a year of COVID-19 quarantine and travel bans, the appeal of roaming without restriction is evident to humankind. Macaws are used to flying great distances of more than 30 kilometres (20 miles) a day, Guedes said.
Last year, BioParque g ave its macaws more space: a 1,000-square-meter (10,700-square-foot) aviary where they fly beside green parrots and golden parakeets to compose an aerial, technicolour swirl. It's a massive upgrade from prior enclosures that were roughly 100 square feet. BioParque reopened to the public in March, after privatization of Rio's dilapidated zoo and almost 17 months of renovations.
BioParque aims to feature species associated with research programs at universities and institutes. One such initiative is Refauna, which reintroduces species into protected areas with an eye on rebuilding ecosystems, and is participating with BioParque to start breeding blue-and-yellow macaws.
The plan is for parents to raise some 20 chicks that will receive training on forest food sources, the peril of predators and avoidance of power lines. Then the youngsters will be released into Rio's immense Tijuca Forest National Park, where Juliet has been sighted and is thought to sleep each night.
"Their role could be important in terms of ecosystem and reforestation. It's a big animal with big beak that can crack the biggest seeds, and not all birds can," said Rheingantz, the university biologist, who is also Refauna's technical co-ordinator. "The idea is for it to start dispersing those seeds, complementing forest animals that can't."
After some pandemic-induced delays, the project has slowly restarted and Rheingantz expects to release blue-and-yellow macaws into Tijuca park toward the end of 2022.
After two decades of relative solitude, Juliet will then have the chance to fly with friends. Neves said Juliet could teach them how to navigate the forest, or even find a love of her own.


Instruction book AUDI A1
 Audi MMI First steps General operation Other settings
Select: Function selector button MENU > control button Setup MMI > Language.
The language of texts shown on the MMI display and the driver information system as well as the language of the navigation guidance and speech dialogue system can be altered.
You can select the languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Czech, Russian and Polish.
The speech dialogue system does not support voice entries or commands in Czech or Polish Link.


text:
Here are some sample conversions for basic vector types:
NULL is transformed to RNull:
Here is an internal form of a list of integers:
A list of reals:
A list of complex numbers:
A list of logical values (True or False):
A list of strings:
A list with missing elements:
However, lists of elements of different types will be interpreted as an R list. For example:
The previous example illustrates that the full internal RLink form is often rather inconvenient to work with.
Here is an internal form of an integer matrix:
You can notice three things here: first, matrix data is stored in a one-dimensional list. Second, the matrix is converted to a column-major order, since this corresponds to how it is stored in R. Finally, matrix dimensions are stored in the "dim" attribute.
Ragged (irregular) lists will be interpreted as R lists:
The same is true for lists containing elements of different types:
When you have to give your R object some extra attributes, you must wrap what you would normally construct in an RObject head and add attributes wrapped in an RAttributes head:
To perform the reverse operation and obtain a short form from the full internal form for a given expression representing some R object, you can use FromRForm:
The list, which is the value of the "myAtt" attribute for this object, was returned in a slightly different form. This is consistent with scalars being treated by R as one-element vectors, but can become a problem if you always rely on automatic type identification:
This problem and the recommended solution are discussed in more detail in the documentation page for RList.
Regardless of the way interprets things, the cycle to FromRForm should always return the same expression, except "dressing" scalars in extra lists.


Versioning Bots
In this tutorial you will learn how to manage deployments of bots between environments in the ServisBOT Platform.
ServisBOT provides all clients with a staging and production organization.
It is recommended to lock down access to the production environment and only allow access to the deployment and debug teams. Changes can be done and tested in staging, and then deployed using our tooling.
General Versioning process
 - Start by developing and building your bot in your staging organization.
 - At regular intervals, download a version of your bot and check it into a code versioning tool like Github.
 - When ready to go live, use our sb-cli command line tool to import/update the move over production.
 - Validate functionality on production.
Development can begin following one of our getting started tutorials.
Secrets are not exported or migrated between orgs, but since they are referenced by alias, all that is needed is to make sure that secrets exist in both orgs with the same alias.
Inside the BaaS that uses secrets, there will be a Credentials field.
It is assumed that your staging and product environments will require entirely different secrets, all that needs to match is the alias.
Downloading the Bot
 1. Create a folder for your bot project
 2. Initiate some sort of version control for that folder
 3. Log into your staging organization using the ServisBOT CLI and download a definition.
sb-cli bot download BOTNAME
This will include all workers, BaaS, intents, slots, and the default endpoint related to the bot.
Uploading Your BOT
 1. Log into your production organization using the CLI.
 2. Re-upload the bot Definitions
sb-cli bot upload.
the. just denotes current directory.
Test your bot!
You should be all set to test your bot in the platform now.


text:
How Old Are You? (8/3/12)
If we did not know our age, some of us would appear to be very young, and some of us would seem very old.
Sometimes, people use age as a convenient excuse. "I'm too old to start something new", or, "I couldn't learn that at my age." Other people, though, go on to achieve their greatest accomplishments in life in later years.
Take, for example, Colonel Harland Sanders who started franchising his chicken outlets when he was 65 years old. Up to the age of 90 years old he traveled 250,000 miles a year visiting KFC franchises. He not only overcame personal and business adversities, but more importantly, he didn't let age stand in his way!
Feelings lead to attitudes, attitudes become beliefs, and beliefs become the basis for actions.
It is not important how old you are;
it is how you feel, how you think,
and what you do that is important.
To quote Satchel Paige, "How old would you be if you didn't know how old you was?"


text:
Date of this Version
The use of diversionary food is an ecological method to reduce feeding damage by wildlife to forest and agricultural crops. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) feeds on the vascular tissues of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and this damage is particularly severe in intensively managed stands. Aerial application of sunflower seed on an operational scale significantly reduced damage by squirrels. This result was achieved in three different ecological zones in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. The food shortage apparently experienced by these rodents during the May-June damage period can be accommodated by an artificial food source such as sunflower seeds. Cost of this operational program is $0-$45/ha and is a worthwhile expense even if required annually for 5-10 years to protect the $2,000+/ha invested in intensively managed pine stands. Adaptation of this technique is discussed with respect to understanding the sociological aspects essential to successful application of research results.


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Gelechioidea-Whole Body Mounts
The following method for dissecting whole bodies of pinned specimens has been developed by R. Brown for comparative studies of non-traditional morphological structures. Data labels are removed from a pinned specimen and placed on a second pin with an additional label providing a unique preparation number. The left pair of wings is removed from the pinned specimen and retained for dry mounting, and the right pair of wings is used for preparing a wing venation slide. The remainder of the specimen is placed in 10% KOH while still on the pin. After the body is cleared overnight, the head (with antennae, labial palpi, and proboscis detached), thoracic segments, abdomen, and genitalia are separated in 20% ETOH and denuded. The remainder of the procedure for staining and dehydrating is the same as that used for genitalia. Body parts are mounted in Euparal on two slides with matching numbers followed by "A" and "B." The "A" slide includes head capsule and appendages, prothorax and mesothorax under one coverslip and the metathorax, abdomen, and genitalia under a second coverslip of the same slide. The "B" slide includes the intact, scaled foreand hindwings under one coverslip that is glued at the margins with fingernail polish, and the denuded and stained set of wings in euparal under a second coverslip.
Examples of structures revealed with whole body mounts
Spinose setae of tarsi
Head and sitophore


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Effective call management saves time and labor costs. 1Call's automatic greeting, voice-activated menu navigation, and directory assistance technology can efficiently assist callers before they even speak with a live operator, and has shown to reduce the number of calls an operator receives by up to 40%.
Automated queue announcements inform callers of the estimated time it will take for their call to be answered and offer a choice to hold or be called back via caller ID or another number. When connecting to a live operator, solutions that incorporate artificial intelligence, utilize caller data and behavior to predict the needs of the caller, auto-fill information, and present that information to the operator to expedite calls.
Additional tools that improve call flows include text-to-speech and speech recognition software to more easily communicate with callers. Secure, smart messaging enables clinical personnel to contact each other without involving an operator, and smart check-in gives them control to change their status and contact preferences. These tools are also web and mobile-enabled.


Flow Sculpting
Microfluidic channel flow sculpting via pillar programming
The ability to control the shape of a flow in a passive microfluidic device enables potential applications in cytometry, chemical reaction control, particle separations, and complex material fabrication in the microscale of the so-called "Lab on a chip". Recent work has demonstrated the concept of sculpting fluid streams in a microchannel using a set of pillars or other structures that individually deform inertial fluid flow in a predictable pre-computed manner. These individual pillars are then placed in a defined sequence within the channel to yield the composition of the individual flow deformations – and ultimately complex user defined flow shapes. In this way, an elegant mathematical operation can yield the final flow shape for a sequence without experiment or additional CFD numerical simulation. Hence, the name "pillar programming".
Figure 1: Pillar Programming
Collaboration with UCLA's biomicrofluidics laboratory (_URL_) has yielded an open-source, GPU based version of the pillar programming software, "uFlow". uFlow runs on most modern consumer grade GPUs, and relieves the end-user of the computationally difficult Navier-Stokes solutions that form the basis of uFlow's dataset. uFlow's simulations have been experimentally validated for complex fluid structures, demonstrating the variety of possible fluid shaping transformations for a single inlet condition. uFlow is freely available at _URL_
We have recently developed an open-source utility for solving the inverse problem in pillar programming. That is, given a fluid flow shape, what is the pillar sequence and inlet design that will produce such a shape? Our utility uses a customizable genetic algorithm to determine optimal pillar sequence and inlet flow design for a given fluid flow shape. Flowsculpt currently runs on Windows, Linux, and OS X operating systems, with minimal dependencies, and is freely available here:
Flowsculpt repository
Features of Flowsculpt include:
 - No proprietary dependencies
 - Thread parallel execution
 - Free or fixed inlet configuration (i.e., allow the GA to design the inlet, or enforce a particular inlet design)
 - Export microfluidic device designs to uFlow
 1. H. Amini, E. Sollier, M. Masaeli, Y. Xie, B. Ganapathysubramanian, H. A. Stone, D. Di Carlo, Engineering fluid flow using sequenced microstructures, 2013, 4 (May), _PHONE_.
 2. D. Stoecklein, C-Y. Wu, K. Owsley, Y. Xie, D. Di Carlo, B. Ganapathysubramanian, Micropillar sequence designs for fundamental inertial flow transformations, Lab on a Chip, 2014, 14 (21), 4197-4204.
 3. K. G. Lore, D. Stoecklein, M. Davies, B. Ganapathysubramanian, S. Sarkar, Hierarchical feature extraction for efficient design of microfluidic flow patterns, JMLR: Workshop and Conference Proceedings 44 (2015).
 4. D. Stoecklein, C-Y. Wu, D. Kim, D. Di Carlo, B. Ganapathysubramanian, Optimization of micropillar sequences for fluid flow sculpting, Physics of Fluids, 2016, 28 (1), 53-65.
 5. D. Stoecklein, M. Davies, N. Wubshet, J. Le, B. Ganapathysubramanian, Automated design for microfluid flow sculpting: multi-resolution approaches, efficient encoding, and GPU implementation, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2016, doi: 10.1151/_PHONE_


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Optimization of Corrosion Resistance and Machinability of PM 316L Stainless Steel
Austenitic stainless steels offer significantly superior corrosion resistance, when compared to ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels are however difficult to machine. Austenitic alloy 303L is formulated with a small sulfur addition, which leads to the formation of MnS precipitates in the matrix. Presence of MnS in the alloy does lead to improved machinability. Alternately, it is possible to add a machinability enhancing additive, such as MnS or MoS2 to a standard grade of stainless steel in the powder form in order to improve its machinability. Unfortunately, the presence of a sulfide in an austenitic stainless steel significantly lowers its corrosion resistance. Hence, neither of these options makes it possible to combine good corrosion resistance with good machinability. This study evaluates a sulfur free additive for enhancing machinability of PM 316L, along with its effect on the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Two currently popular additives, namely MnSE and MoS2, are also included in the study for comparison. The new additive is found to offer enhanced machinability without any adverse effect on the alloy's corrosion resistance. All sintering was carried out under conditions that maximize corrosion resistance. Machinability was determined by drilling.


When dealing with data that's returned from an API you don't always have control over the exact structure which can make it a bit of a challenge to add types to that data with TypeScript to improve the developer experience. I have recently run into this issue when hooking up the Juju Dashboard to a new API endpoint that sends deltas every time there is a change in the users environment.
The deltas are sent in the format [DeltaEntity, DeltaType, Delta], or more specifically [["application", "change", {...}], ["machine", "remove", {...}],...]. The structure of the Delta portion of this tuple is determined by the combination of the DeltaEntity and DeltaType so when dealing with this data you first need to run a conditional over those type values to determine what to do with the Delta. In order to type these we can use a Type Predicate or a Discriminated Union. Ultimately I landed on using a discriminated union but I'll run through both approaches here.
Using a Type Predicate
Define the type for the whole delta tuple.
type AllWatcherDelta = [DeltaEntity, DeltaType, Delta];
Define the possible values for the entity and type using a union. Yes, even the type predicate approach uses unions as a component of the typing approach. You also want to define the type for each delta type.
type DeltaEntity = "application" | "charm" | "unit";
type DeltaType = "change" | "remove";
interface UnitChangeDelta {
 name: string;
 ports: string[];
Now we need to create a function that will be used as the predicate in a conditional to determine what the data type is while working on the delta values. These functions will take, at a minimum, the data that you want to define the type for and any additional data you need to determine that type. It must then return a boolean value, if true then change in this function will be of type UnitChangeDelta, otherwise not.
function isUnitChangeDelta(
 delta: AllWatcherDelta,
 change: Delta
): change is UnitChangeDelta {
 return delta[0] === "unit" && delta[1] === "change";
Using this approach you would then have a string of conditionals checking for the appropriate type and within, would be of the expected type. In this example delta[2], the actual delta in our tuple will now be properly typed within the conditional as a UnitChangeDelta.
if (isUnitChangeDelta(delta, delta[2])) {
Using Discriminated Unions
Define all possible tuples of DeltaEntity, DeltaType, and Delta as a discriminated union.
type AllWatcherDelta =
 | ["unit", "change", UnitChangeDelta]
 | ["machine", "change", MachineChangeDelta]
 | ["application", "remove", ApplicationRemoveDelta];
Now when using the delta you need to check the values of each predicate manually and TypeScript will correctly type the data. Here I've used a switch statement but you could use any type of conditional.
switch (delta[0]) {
 case "unit":
 switch (delta[1]) {
 case "change":
Using only a Discriminated Union is great when you have a known set of data that you need to type. As the size or complexity of that data set increases you might want to evaluate using a Type Predicate as you can execute whatever code you need to determine the type including introspepction into the data itself if you needed to use a canary in the object as the flag.
If either of these approaches don't quite get you there you can also look into adding Generics into the mix but that'll have to wait for another time.
No matter the approach you take, having properly typed dynamic data dramatically reduces a certain set of errors and increases the productivity of the developer consuming that data so I feel it's worth the investment.
Thanks for reading!
A significant portion of my day to day activities are based around code reviews and helping debug issues with other developers. When doing this I will usually open up all of the files that have changed between the current branch and master so that I can get an understanding of the problem as a whole. After a decade of doing this I finally got sick of doing it manually…There must be a better way! I wanted to check out a branch and open all of the changed files in vscode automatically. After a bit of poking around I found the git diff flag --name-only which returns the list of changed files. The command ended up like the following:
code -n. 'git --no-pager diff --name-only master'
Command breakdown
code -n.
Opens up a new window of vscode with the current project folder open in the 'explorer' section.
git --no-pager
disables the pager that git uses by default in zsh (you may not need this flag)
--name-only master
displays a list of files that have changed from master.
Now the next logical step is to make this a bash command and add some customization. Below I've defined the command as a function with the ability to define an argument for the branch name and another to filter the list of files. I've found the filter to be especially useful when trying to avoid things like test metadata and lock file updates.
# vscodedevsync [branch] [filter regex]
function vscodedevsync() {
 code -n. 'git --no-pager diff --name-only ${1:-master} | grep -o "$2"'
Anyways, hope this helps add a bit of efficiency into your day.
Running and developing an Ubuntu based workload on Mac OS has never been easier. Canonical has released a new tool called Multipass which allows you to quickly spin up Ubuntu Server virtual machines on Ubuntu, Mac OS and Windows. The following instructions will get you an Ubuntu Server VM up and running, and the Ubuntu file system mounted to Mac OS so that you can work in the Mac OS UI using your regular development tools like VS Code.
Mac OS
You'll first need to get Multipass installed by visiting the Multipass website and downloading and installing the package on your Mac OS host. Once installed, open the terminal on your Mac OS host and run the following to download and install the latest LTS release of Ubuntu Server.
multipass launch --name ubuntu
multipass shell ubuntu
After the VM has been started we need to connect to it to install the nfs server.
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server -y
Now we need to create the folder that we're going to work from in the home directory of our new Ubuntu VM and open up the permissions on it.
mkdir -p ~/code
sudo chmod -R 777 ~/code
This folder needs to be exported from the VM's file system which is done by appending the following content to the /etc/exports file. If your VM has a different IP range than what is shown below you can simply update the command below to match your environment.
echo "/home/ubuntu/code,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,all_squash,async,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)" | sudo tee -a /etc/exports
Then we have to export the folder and restart the NFS service.
sudo exportfs -a
sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart
Create a temporary file so you can see if your mount worked successfully later.
touch ~/code/test
Mac OS
In another terminal window on your Mac OS host we need to mount our VM's code folder. Replace the string for the VM's IP address and the UserName of the user on Mac OS.
mkdir -p ~/code
sudo mount -t nfs :/home/ubuntu/code /Users//code
To keep the drive mounted after refreshing and restarting the VM
echo ":/home/ubuntu/code /Users//code nfs resvport,rw,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
Now you should be able to see the test file that you created previously in Ubuntu from Mac OS.
ls -al ~/code
From the terminal on your Mac OS host you can now open these folders like they live in Mac OS with your code editor of choice.
code ~/code
Tips & Tricks
On a day to day basis the most efficient way to work with these files is to perform your heavy IO interactions like git clones and builds from within your new Ubuntu VM. This can be done by leaving a terminal open SSH'd into it.
The services that Multipass use to create the VM on Mac OS allow you to over subscribe the VM's resources so if you want to have the fastest VM possible you can give it all CPU cores and RAM as well as ample disk space. The following command will give the new Ubuntu VM 16 cores, 100GB of disk space and 16GB of ram while allowing the host and other Multipass VM's to share the same resources.
multipass launch -c 16 -d 100G -m 16G --name ubuntu
At the time of writing you cannot resize the VM's disk space so you'll want to give it more than you think you'll need.
Whenever you write any code that is to be consumed by another, whether it be a library or some UI element, that consumer expects it to work in a certain way every time they interact with it. All good developers would agree and that's why we also write tests that either break our code up into chunks and test that each chunk works as expected, unit tests, or test the entire lifecycle, end to end tests.
Anyone who has written unit tests for long enough knows that they are tedious to keep in sync with refactors and often end up taking a disproportionate amount of time compared to the


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| The Pribilof Island Shrew lives in maritime tundra on St. Paul Island, and almost nothing is known about its biology. A small shrew was collected by Russian explorers in 1840. They said it came from "Unalaska," which may have meant Unalaska Island, Alaska. However, none have been found there since. A species similar to the one the Russians described (and named) was later found on St. Paul Island, one of the Pribilof Islands, now part of Alaska, and given a different name; it occurs in relative abundance there. This raises many unanswered questions: did a shrew that is now extinct once live on Unalaska Island? Are there two species, or just the one we know as the Pribilof Island shrew?
Also known as:
Unalaska Island Shrew
Merriam, C.H., 1895. Synopsis of the American shrews of the genus Sorex. North American Fauna, No. 10, 57-98.
Mammal Species of the World


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The Ensighten library (Bootstrap.js file) includes several helpful functions and frameworks that assist in implementing tags across your site. You can use the following useful functions in custom rules and templates through all Ensighten products.
You must prepend all methods with the Bootstrapper namespace (or your Ensighten namespace if you've changed it from Bootstrapper) before calling them from the Bootstrapper object.
This article lists the function names, parameters, and return types along with examples of how to use them.
- imageRequest: Makes a request to an Image file.
- on: Event delegation for events such as
upon click of a button.
- unobtrusiveAddEvent (deprecated replaced by
- bindImmediate: Execute tag code immediately.
- bindDOMParsed: Execute tag code when the web page is "interactive" and is in the process of loading.
- bindDOMLoaded: Execute tag code after the page is fully downloaded.
- bindPageSpecificCompletion: Execute tag code after all Ensighten code is fully downloaded (including asynchronous files).
- hasDOMParsed: Returns the web page interactive state (before, during, or after).
- hasDOMLoaded: Returns the web page download status.
- hasPageSpecificCompletion: Returns the Ensighten code download status (including asynchronous files).
- ensEvent.trigger: Manually trigger an Ensighten event.
- getExtraParams: Add extra parameters to the Ensighten server component file to the current URL.
- getServerComponent: Call the Ensighten server component to download the asynchronous files served by Ensighten.
Helpers are used in specific situations and can be added to the Bootstrap.js file as needed. The following are some of the most used helpers. See the article: Ensighten Frameworks and Helper Functions for a full list.


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Triangle Palm grow and care – Palm tree of the genus Dypsis also known as Dypsis decaryi, Triangle Palm perennial evergreen used as ornamental plant, can grow in tropics, mediterranean, desert or subtropics climate and growing in hardiness zone 10+.
Leaves color green leaves pinnate fronds with need like leaves.
Triangle Palm flower
Flower color yellow or green, flowers grow on branch (palm fronds) on every branch can be dozens of flowers separate tree for male and female flowers.
Fruit color black the fruit small (non-edible).
Triangle Palm for sale – Seeds or Plants to Buy VIDEO How to grow Triangle Palm growing and care:
More than light frost, well-drained soil
What is the best way to start growing? Plant / Seedling / Seed / Vegetative reproduction Is it necessary to graft or use vegetative reproduction? No Difficulties or problems when growing:? Spring, summer, autumn Planting season: Mealybug Pests and diseases: Pruning season: Autumn (but possible all year) How to prune: Dead leaves and bloom stems Size of the plant? 7-15 m, 21-45 feet Growth speed in optimal condition: Medium growing Small amount of water Water requirement: Light conditions in optimal condition for growing: Full Sun / Half Shade No Is it possible to grow indoor as houseplant? Yes Growing is also possible in a planter /flowerpot / containers: Blooming information Spring /Summer Bloom season: General information about the flower Yellow or green flowers, small flowers grow on branch (palm fronds) on every branch can be dozens of flowers separate tree for male and female flowers. Scientific name:
Blooming Seasons Spring flowers Summer flowers Flower colors Green flower Yellow flower Climate Desert Climate Mediterranean Climate Subtropics Climate Tropics Climate Plant growing speed Plant life-form Evergreen Palm Perennial plant Tree Plant Uses Planting Season Autumn Planting Spring Planting Summer planting Plants sun exposure Full sun Plants Part shade Plants Watering plants Regularly water Small amounts of water Hardiness zone Hardiness zone 10 Hardiness zone 11 Hardiness zone 12 Hardiness zone 13


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At PSF we have over 10 years experience working with individuals in self employments or partnerships and owner-managed limited companies.
What We Offer:
- Preparation of accounts for self employed businesses and partnerships.
- Incorporation of business into limited companies.
- Preparation of statutory financial statements for limited companies and submission to Companies House.
- Completion of company secretarial duties to ensure all company deadlines are met such as the annual return.
- Preparation and submission of personal tax returns.
- Preparation and submission of partnership tax returns.
- Preparation and submission of corporation tax returns.
- Tax planning advice through out the year to improve tax efficiency.
How It Can Help:
- Tax planning can reduce your tax payments both now and in the future saving you money.
- We can reduce the risk of penalties from overdue submissions either to HMRC or Companies House.
- Your business accounts help to assess the performance of your business year on year and idenify areas of improvement


copy = concatenate?
This is a discussion on copy = concatenate? within the C Programming forums, part of the General Programming Boards category; As a newbye, I've justed started writing some code. Instead of writing 2 different functions for COPY and CONCATENATE string,...
 1. #1
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Oct 2006
 Question copy = concatenate?
 As a newbye, I've justed started writing some code.
 Instead of writing 2 different functions for COPY and CONCATENATE string, I'm trying one that will do both:
 a) if destination is empty then it will be a simple copy from original string to destination,
 b) if destination is not empty, then a concatenation applies.
 So, my code is as follows:
 _TAG_
 // a CONCATENATE function is similar to a COPY function, with the only
 // difference that the copy to destination starts on first empty index
 char *f_strcpy(char *v_string)
 int length = 0; // determines what is actual length of destination string
 int i;
 char dest[100];
 // check for length, ignoring termination character
 for(i=0; dest[i]!='\0'; i++)
 length = i; //
 // starts concatenation (or simple copy if destination is empty)
 for(i=0; v_string[i]!='\0'; i++)
 dest[length+i]=v_string[i]; // leaves cycle as soon as ='\0'
 dest[length+i] = '\0'; // assigns terminator after leaving cycle - otherwise
 return dest;
 Now, if i run this code, it returns some strange characters.
 Any ideas?
 2. #2
 Registered User SKeane's Avatar
 Join Date
 Sep 2006
 You are returning a pointer to variable (dest) that is local to your function. If you insist on using a fixed length character array, make it static, otherwise use malloc to create a dynamically allocated character array which you can safely return.
 You are also scanning though dest when it isn't initialised.
 3. #3
 CSharpener vart's Avatar
 Join Date
 Oct 2006
 Rishon LeZion, Israel
 1. dest is not initialized - undefined behavior of the loop checking for the length
 2. returning pointer to the local variable - memory is destroyed on function exit, pointer is dan
 3. You don't check the destination buffer length (possible memory overrun).
 4. #4
 ATH0 quzah's Avatar
 Join Date
 Oct 2001
 You are using dest uninitialized. Aren't you supposed to be counting v_string's length instead?
 You can't return local variables. You'll need to use something like malloc.
 Curses, foiled again!
 Your problem is the concept of your function, really. What exactly are you trying to copy / fill? If "it's" empty... What's "it"? You imply that you have some kind of pointer that you need to be adding to. If you already have a string you want to add to, why aren't you passing both the one you want to add to and the one you are adding from?
 You really need two arguments. If the first is NULL, duplicate the second. If it's not, then stick the two together.
 Last edited by quzah; 11-03-2006 at 04:04 PM.
 Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
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There's a specific safety reason why restrooms have a light switch on the outside.
You've noticed that most bathrooms have an exterior light switch, and probably experienced the awful scenario of having the lights shut off by a passerby while you were still inside. Oops! Sorry dear. But why would civil engineers put the switch in such a place? You have to be grateful for that, its for your own safety. Let's learn more.
Related media: How Power Gets To Your Home: Crash Course Physics
Could You Be Electrocuted?
A functional light switch is certainly connected to a live wire. Most new buildings have professional electrical engineering, and chances of you being electrocuted are very rare. But in the case of aging electrical circuit systems and some (do-it-yourself) DIY electrical setups, the stakes are high. The metal screws on a light switch cover, especially, are liable to get you a jolt if a live wire happens to be lurking around.
Metals are used for electrical cables and wires because their excellent conductors; that is to say, when you send electrons through it, there is little resistance. Water — or, more specifically, the presence of other molecules in water — is an excellent conductor of electricity.
What we're trying to say is that, if you happen to take a shower, a shock from a light switch can pass quickly through your body, forming a circuit that can electrocute you in the process.
Switch Your Lights Out
Due to this reason, most civil engineering companies have stringent safety requirements for placing switches outside and away from plumbing. For instance, civil engineering in the United Kingdom, requirements forbid electric installations from placing light switches within 0.6 meters (2 feet) of a bathtub or shower.
The particular requirements of section 701 — the section of the module that states these requirements — applies to the electrical installations in locations containing a fixed bath (bath tub, birthing pool) or shower, and to the surrounding zones as described in the Wiring Regulations. The Wiring Regulations do not apply to emergency facilities, for example, emergency showers used in industrial areas or laboratories.
Smaller bathrooms that does not have enough wall space, these electrical installation measures are strictly enforced. The alternative, which many UK bathrooms use instead, is to use a ceiling pull-cord. That keeps wet hands a safe distance from live light fixtures.
In the United States, electrical installation requirements aren't so strict. You're more likely to find interior light switches in an American bathroom — or as Americans prefer restroom.
Safety First
Independent circuits designed to shut off when there's a change in current — like what might happen if electricity were to surge through your body — help keep you safe despite that. So if you were thinking those light switches were just some fancy building engineering or a flaw, you better have a second thought about it.
The next time you use a bathroom with an exterior switch, you can feel secure knowing that it's just there for your safety — even if it might leave you peeing in the dark.
Written by: Nana Kwadwo, Sun, Jan 27, 2019.


Etiquetas (tags): agricultura
Ordeares por: Data / Título / URL
 1. Sampling local parks, allotments and gardens in urban areas, Dr Jill Edmondson showed that the ground was significantly healthier than that of arable fields. Allotment soil had 32% more organic carbon, 36% higher carbon to nitrogen ratios, 25% higher nitr
 2. John Wesley Powell
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