Medical abbreviations play a very critical role, especially for the medical ID items such as tags, medical ID alert bracelets and medical ID plaques. All of these medical ID items differ from each other in multiple ways. Some are made differently, some appear differently.
However, one thing that is common to all of these isthey are crisp and brief. This is where the role of medical ID abbreviations come into play.
While making any medical ID gear, it is important to utilize the given space judiciously so that you can be optimally communicative and share all the vital information as needed.
Purpose of Medical ID Gears and Information it Should Include
Since there is always a high demand of patients in hospitals vis-à-vis the lesser supply of responders, the medical ID gears are made for faster service. The medical responders are trained to look for a medical ID and deliver the required treatment in the effective and efficient manner. In a medical emergency situation, such as sudden unconsciousness or inability to speak or communicate, it is your medical ID which speaks on your behalf.
A medical ID gear comprises of the following pieces of information:
 - Name and address of the patient
 : A medical ID gear comprises of the name of the patient along with the address as this helps in faster recognition for the treatment.
 - Medical condition of the patient
 : This is one of the most crucial information pieces that is present on the medical ID of the patient. This plays a very critical role in helping the emergency responder with the kind of treatment to be given to the patient. Hence, it is important that it is written with utmost care and precision. This should also include what the patient is allergic to.
 - Medications to be given
 : This is the most important aspect of the medical ID and needs to be written with the accuracy. If this goes wrong, there could a huge danger hovering on the patient's life. Hence, for the right treatment from the doctor/medical responder, it is important that this is taken care of well.
In order to fulfil all the above-mentioned requirements and create the perfect medical ID gear, you need to be well versed with all the abbreviations that are used in the medical world. To help you better with this, we have compiled a list of all such abbreviations that you may have to use. Here follows the list:
Abdomen/abdominal - Abd
Abdominal aortic aneurysm - AAA
Above knee amputation - AKA
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - AIDS
Acute myocardial infarctionAMI
Adult respiratory distress syndrome - ARDS
Advanced Cardiac Life Support - ACLS
Advanced Life SupportALS
Allergic to - No
Ampule - amp
Anteriorant
Arteriosclerotic heart disease - ASHD
As soon as possible - ASAP
Aspirin - ASA
Atrial fibrillation - A-fib
Atrioventricular - AV
Automated external defibrillatorAED
Axillaryax
Basic life support-BLS
Below knee amputationBKA
BicarbonateHCO3
Bilateral- B/L
Blood pressureBP
Both earsAU
Both eyesOU
By mouth- p.o.
CancerCA
Carbon dioxideCO2
Carbon monoxideCO
Cardiac catheterization C-cath
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCPR
CardiovascularCV
Chest x-rayCXR
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOPD
Chronic renal failureCRF
Congestive heart failureCHF
Coronary artery bypass graftCABG
Coronary artery diseaseCAD
Decubitus ulcerdecub
Deep vein thrombosisDVT
Defibrillate / defibrillation - defib
Delirium tremensDTs
Dextrose 5% in waterD5W
Dextrose 50% in waterD50W
Dextrose stick- d/s or d/stick
Diabetes mellitusDM
Diabetic ketoacidosisDKA
DiagnosisDx/diag
Discontinue- D/C
Do not resuscitate - DNR
Electrolytes m - meter lytes
Endotracheal - ET
Endotracheal tubeETT
Epinephrine - Epi
Epinephrine penEpiPen
Every- q
Every hourqh
FibromyalgiaFMA
Flexionflex
Footft
ForearmFA
Foreign bodyFB
Four times dailyQID
FractureFx
GastroesophagealGE
Gastroesophageal reflux diseaseGERD
GastrointestinalGI
Gastrostomy tube- G-tube
GenitourinaryGU
GonococcusGC
GynecologyGyn
HematocritHct
HemoglobinHgb
Hepatitis B VirusHBV
historyHx
High Blood Pressure-HBP
Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV
hydrogen peroxideH202
hypertensionHTN
index fingerIF
inferiorinf
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusIDDM
intramuscularIM
intraosseous - IO
intravenous - IV
ironFe
irregularirreg
irrigationirrig
jejunostomy tube- J-tube
jointjt
jugular vein distensionJVD
keep vein openKVO
large - lg
laterallat
left- L
left earAS
left eyeOS
left lower lobe - LLL
left lower quadrantLLQ
left upper lobe - LUL
left upper quadrantLUQ
left ventricleLV
left ventricular hypertrophyLVH
lidocaine - lido
liquidliq
lumbosacralLS
magnesium - Mg
Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI
maximumMax
medicationsmeds
methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureusMRSA
microgram - mcg
milligrammg
mitral valve prolapsedMVP
moderate - Mod
morphine sulfate - MS
multiple sclerosisMS
myocardial infarctionMI
nasal cannulaNC
nasogastric - NG
nitroglycerinNTG
no known allergiesNKA
no known drug allergiesNKDA
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitisNIDDM
normal sinus rhythmNSR
not applicableNA
nothing by mouthnpo
nursing homeNH organic brain syndromeOBS
oxygenO2
paroxismal supraventricular tachycardiaPSVT
paroxysmal atrial tachycardiaPAT
peptic ulcer disease - PUD
percent oxygen saturationSpO2
posterior - post
premature atrial contraction - PAC
premature ventricular contractionPVC
pulmonary edema - Pulm Ed
regularreg
respirationresp
right R
right ear - AD
right eyeOD
right lower lobeRLL
right lower quadrantRLQ
right middle lobeRML
right upper lobeRUL
right upper quadrantRUQ
smallsm
sodiumNa
sodium bicarbonateNAHCO3
spontaneous - spont.
supraventricular tachycardia SVT
tablet - tab
teaspoon - tsp
temporo mandibilar jointTMJ
tetracyclineTCN
three times a day - tid
to keep open - TKO
tracheal/tracheostomy - trach
treatment - Tx
tuberculosis-- TB
twice daily bid
ultra-high frequency - UHF
upper gastrointestinalUGI
upper respiratory infectionURI
urinary tract infectionUTI
ventilatorvent
ventricular fibrillation- V-fib
ventricular tachycardiaVT/V tach
very-high frequency - VHF
water - H20
There is no denial to the fact how important medical ID abbreviations are and what role they play in the right treatment of the patient. We hope the list helps you in understanding the right abbreviations. At times, there could be confusion about some common abbreviations. Should such a situation arise, we suggest you double check online or check with an expert.


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- random number generators
- A device used to produce a selection of numbers in a fair manner, in no particular
order and with no favor being given to any numbers. Examples include dice, spinners,
coins, and computer programs designed to randomly pick numbers (cf Random Number Generators Discussion).
- The range of a set of numbers is the largest value in the set minus the smallest value
in the set. Note that the range is a single number, not many numbers.
- A rational number of the form a/b where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator.
- range of the function f
- The set of all the numbers f(x) for x in the domain of f.
- A straight line that begins at a point and continues outward in one direction (cfLines, Rays and Planes).
- real numbers
- Real numbers can be thought of as all the points falling along the number line in the coordinate plane (cf Two Variable Functions Discussion).
- A parallelogram with four
right angles (cf Rectangle
- Given some starting information and a rule for how to use it to get new information, the rule is then repeated using the new information (cf Recursion Discussion).
- In a tessellation, reflect means to repeat an image by flipping it across a line so it appears as it would in a mirror (cfTranslations, Reflections, and Rotations, Symmetry in Tessellations).
- regular fractals
- see fractal
(cf Plane Figure Fractals Discussion).
- regular polygon
- A polygon whose side lengths are all the same and whose interior angle measures are all the same (cf Polyhedra Discussion).
- relative frequency
- Relative frequency is the number of items of a certain type divided by the number of
all the numbers being considered.
- After dividing one number by another, if any amount is left that does not divide evenly, that amount is called the remainder. For example, when 8 is divided by 3, three goes in to eight twice (making 6), and the remainder is 2. When dividing 9 by 3, there is no remainder, because 3 goes in to 9 exactly 3 times, with nothing left over (cf What are Remainders Discussion).
- A parallelogram with four congruent sides (cfParallelograms Discussion).
- right angle
- An angle of 90 degrees (cf
From Geometry to Probability Discussion, Rectangle Discussion).
- right triangle
- A triangle containing an angle of 90 degrees (cf
What is the Pythagorean Theorem).
- To rotate an object in a tessellation means to repeat the object by spinning it on a point a certain angle (cfTranslations, Reflections, and Rotations, Symmetry in Tessellations).
- rule of probabilities multiplication for simultaneous
- When finding the probability of two independent events (two things happening where the outcomes are not affected by each other), multiply the probabilities of each event happening to get the probability of both
events happening. For example, to find the probability of getting "heads" and then
"tails" when flipping a coin twice, multiply the probability of getting heads once by
the probability of getting tails once
(cf Probability of Simultaneous Events Discussion).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Because many rural poor live in areas far away from markets, we investigate whether better road access could help improve their livelihood and reduce rural poverty. We use three waves of a primary panel survey at the household level conducted in 18 remote natural villages in China to study how road access shapes farmers' agricultural production patterns and input uses and affects rural poverty. Our results show that access to roads is strongly associated with specialization in agricultural production. In natural villages with better road access, farmers plant fewer numbers of crops, purchase more fertilizer, and invest more money in labor. In combination with such factors, road connections improve household agricultural income—in particular, cash income—and contribute to poverty reduction in the surveyed villages. However, better access to rural roads does not appear to bring about significant changes in nonagricultural income.
Evidence from rural China
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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This PhD dissertation investigates the effects of autocratic survival strategies; specifically, the different potential trade-offs that are associated with these strategies. The dissertation argues that at least three types of trade-offs can be associated with autocratic survival strategies. Firstly, a strategy can have different effects on a dictator's vulnerability to threats from actors inside the regime and threats from actors outside the regime, respectively. Accordingly, the same strategy may decrease a dictator's vulnerability to insider threats while increasing his vulnerability to outsider threats. Secondly, a strategy may have different effects on a dictator's vulnerability in the short and in the long term. Hence, while a strategy may help the dictator secure his hold on power in the long run, the same strategy may jeopardize his hold on power in the short run. Thirdly, a strategy may have different effects on a dictator's ability to stay in office and the level of discretionary power that he enjoys while in office. As a result, while a strategy may be effective at helping the dictator survive in office, it may do so at the cost of constraining his discretionary power and access to material benefits during his tenure. These arguments are supported by the four articles of the dissertation, which investigate the effects of different types of survival strategies through a series of time-series cross-sectional analyses of global samples of autocracies. The findings contribute to increasing and nuancing our understanding of the effects of autocratic survival strategies.
Ophavsretten tilhører Politica. Materialet må ikke bruges eller distribueres i kommercielt øjemed.


This page is dedicated to a few tools I wrote in order to make my life easier while developing for the iPhone/OSX architecture.
Even though many of these tools are specific for the iPhone, others are perfectly working even in different Unix systems.
TraceAlloc Library
This is a memory block allocation tracing library, and it is described inside the TraceAlloc home page.
This is a very simple tool that work with every symbol dump file generated by the nm utility. You pass it an nm symbol dump file and a series of addresses, and nma2n finds, for each address, the closest symbol.
To generate an nm symbol dump file, given a binary or a dynamic library, you simply run:
Then you can run the nma2n binary to find out which symbols map to a set of addresses:
$ nma2n -f SYMFILE ADDR...
The best way to build nma2n is to run 'make' and 'sudo make install' from the iPhoneTools directory.
This is a shell script that is used to extract the set of nm dump files from all relevant iPhone dynamic libraries.
The fill-nmdir.sh script uses an auxiliary script named frmk-nmexport.sh that should be located in the same directory where fill-nmdir.sh is located.
The best way to use this tool is to create a directory inside your home directory, and populate it using the fill-nmdir.sh script.
$ mkdir ~/nmdumps
$ cd
$ $IPTDIR/fill-nmdir.sh $HEAVENLY
Where $IPTDIR is the path to the iPhoneTools directory, and $HEAVENLY is the path to your iPhone root file system.
This will create a number of.nmdump files inside the current directory.
On top of those system.nmdump files, you have to remember to drop inside the ~/nmdumps directory even the current nmdump for your latest build of your application.
Suppose your application latest binary files is $BINPATH, and your application name is $APP.app, you need to run:
$ nm -n $BINPATH/$APP.app > ~/nmdumps/$APP.nmdump
A failure to remember to update your application nmdump file, will lead to incorrect symbol detection for symbols inside your application.
This is a utility tool that I use to demangle the cryptic iPhone crash dump files generated inside the /var/logs/CrashReporter directory.
Once the iPhoneTools are correctly installed, given a CRASH.plist file extracted from the iPhone, you can get the demangled version by issuing:
$ cat CRASH.plist | $IPTDIR/crash-demangle.pl -D ~/nmdumps
This Perl script is for the TraceAlloc library, what crash-demangle.pl is for the iPhone crashdump generator.
TraceAlloc library generate call traces that contain library/binary names and addresses inside libraries/binaries.
By using memdmp-demangle.pl you will be able to translate numeric addresses to function names:
$ cat MEMDUMP.mdmp | $IPTDIR/memdmp-demangle.pl -D ~/nmdumps
The latest iPhoneTools source package can be downloaded here:
Back Home


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Multimedia Security and Forensics @ IPLAB
With the rapid diffusion of inexpensive and easy to use devices that enable the acquisition of visual data, almost everybody has today the possibility of recording, storing, and sharing a large amount of digital images and video. Security is a major concern in an increasingly multimedia-defined universe where the Internet serves as an indispensable resource for information and entertainment. Multimedia (Security) Forensics is devoted to analyse digital multimedia contents such as photo, video and audio in order to produce evidences in the forensics domain. Specifically, we are interested on investigating multimedia data by analysing the authenticity and integrity of data and by reconstructing its history since acquisition and beyond (Image Ballistics). The activities of IPLab's group, in this field are mainly devoted to:
- R&D in partnership with public and private institutions
- Teaching activities (Computer Forensics 2010-2018, ecc.)
- Technical consults and support for investigation activity with strong reference to multimedia data analytics (i.e., both images and video and audio analysis)
In 2016 iCTLab was founded, as spin-off of the University of Catania to work on technological transfer in the field.
The aim of this page is to present research done by the Image Processing LABoratory(IPLAB) in the scope of Multimedia Security and Forensics.


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Wind Runner by Ellie Crowe
Price: $2.99 USD. 4310 words.
Language: English. Published on March 9, 2013. Fiction » Children's books » Historical / United States / 19th Century.
Young Indian runners, running as fast as the wind, carried vital messages for hundreds of miles. This time the message was WAR. The starving Pueblo Indians were rising in battle against the cruel Spanish soldiers. And they were calling on their sworn enemies to join the fight. Running Deer, a 14-year-old boy, is taking the place of his older brother. Can a boy succeed in this dangerous mission?


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5.1.2 The Team that will conduct the ALDA shall be composed of DAR regional and provincial ARC coordinators, partner NGOs and representative from PO/Coop. DTCSHA
5.2 Orientation/Training of ALDA Team
5.2.1 Within the first quarter of 1998, DAR BARBD and SARC-TSARRD shall conduct orientation/trainings on ALDA. Two orientation/trainings shall be undertaken:
a. The first orientation workshop will be on how the ALDA will be conducted. This will provide the team with a common understanding on:
a.1) parameters, indicators and descriptors;
a.2) methodology at the ARC level;
a.3) forms to be accomplished;
a.4) computation of rating and analysis of the result; and
a.5) action planning.
b. The second activity will be the consolidation, analysis and report preparation workshop after the actual conduct of ALDA. This will be undertaken to have a common understanding on the rating process of the ARCs, analysis of the ARC development level, action planning process and reports to be submitted.
5.3 Data Gathering and Evaluation
5.3.1 After the training and prior to the conduct of ALDA, the team shall convene at the field level to thoroughly review and gain mastery of the data gathering instrument (Annex 3), data processing table (Annex 4) and guide for computation of rating (Annex 5). They shall also agree on the data gathering mechanics such as source documents to be reviewed, focus group discussion and interviews, observations of organization's activities and enterprise operation, etc.
5.3.2 Annex 3 shall be used and properly filled-up during the data gathering at the ARC level.
5.3.3 Data/information can be both from primary and secondary sources. The team must review all existing documents and reports such as ARCDPs, monitoring reports, coop/organization's by-laws, VMGO, written policies, financial reports, systems installed, ARC/barangay profiles, DF's chronicles and provincial/municipal development council's reports, etc.
5.3.4 Focus group discussion (FGD)/interview with the MARO/DF/DW/IDO and the members/leaders of the organization and some members of the community shall be undertaken for the primary data requirement. Only questions applicable to each group shall be asked during the FGD/interview.
5.3.5 All cooperatives/people's organization within the ARC with DAR has direct interventions and those whose majority members are ARBs shall be subjected to the assessment. These are the organizations reported in the ARC Forms 1-11.
5.3.6 The respondents from the cooperative/organization shall be at least 80% of the leaders (BOD & committees members), 10% of the general membership for less than 300 total membership or at least 50 members for those with more than 300 members, and all members of the core management staff. Some of the members of the community shall also be asked for validation.
5.3.7 Once the entire data requirement needed for the evaluation/assessment have been gathered and reviewed, results shall be analyzed using Annex 1 — Standards for Rating, Annex 4 — Processing Table and Annex 5 — Computation of Rating.
5.4 Computation of Rating
5.4.1 The computation of rating per indicator within a key result area i.e. LTI, OM, ECOPISS, FPI, BSS and GAD shall be done by relating the actual performance to the expected level of performance. There may be instances when some of the indicators are not applicable. Hence, these shall not be rated.
5.4.2 The standards for rating per indicator shall be 0 to 3 where 0 is the lowest and 3 is the highest. Indicators are categorized as output and outcome indicators. All outcome indicators shall have a weight 1.5 times more than the output indicators since these indicators are tangible results of many outputs done in the ARC. (See Annex 5 for illustrations.) The outcome indicators are considered as success indicators (refer to Annex 5 for the computation). Weights per parameter are assigned as follows:
a. Land Tenure Improvement (LTI) - 20%
b. Organizational Maturity (OM) - 20%
c. Economic & Infrastructure Support
Services (ECOPISS) - 20%
d. Farm Productivity & Income (FPI) - 30%
e. Basic Social Services (BSS) - 5%
f. Gender and Development - 5%
5.4.3 Annex I shall be used to determine the points per indicator. The standard descriptors per indicator are presented as follows: a) percentage of accomplishment; b) average; c) ratio and d) quantity and qualitative description. Annex 2 shall be used as a guide in the interpretation of rating per indicator.
5.4.4 Annex 4 shall be used in the processing of the result of the assessment while Annex 5 shall be used as the guide in the computation of rating. In determining the rating per key result area, list the scores per indicator and segregate the scores of the output indicators from the outcome indicators to get the weighted average. Then compute the ARC overall rating.
Formula for computation of overall rating:
a. Per Key Result Area
Key Result Area % Formula Weighted
a.1 LTI 20% L x 20% Rl
a.2 OM 20% 0 x 20% Ro
a.3 ECOPISS 20% E x 20% Re
a.4 FPI 30% F x 30% Rf
a.5 BSS 5% B x 5% Rb
a.6 GAD 5% G x 5% Rg
b. ARC Rating
RARC = Rl + Ro + Re + Rf + Rb + Rg
L = rating for LTI Rl - weighted rating for LTI
O = rating for OM Ro - weighted rating for OM
E = rating for ECOPISS Re - weighted rating for ECOPISS
F = rating for FPI Rf - weighted rating for FPI
B = rating for BSS Rb - weighted rating for BSS
G = rating for GAD Rg - weighted rating for GAD
5.5 Interpretation and Analysis of the Final Score
5.5.1 The interpretation of final score shall be as follows:
Range of Rating Interpretation
Below 1.33 Level 1
(Low Level of Development)
1.34-2.33 Level 2
(with no rating below 1.00) (Medium Level of Development)
2.34-3.00 Level 3
(with no rating below 2.0) (High Level of Development)
5.5.2 Written reports on the result of ALDA per ARC (with all the accompanying tables) shall be submitted and presented by the team to the ARC Task Force. The ARC coordinators shall present the report to the MARO/DF assigned in the ARC for them to discuss with the ARB organizations. This shall be the basis for action planning for ARB organizations and ARC players.
5.6 Action Planning
5.6.1 The result of ALDA shall be discussed with the ARB organization and shall be the basis for the action planning at the ARC level. The MARO/DF together with the leaders and selected members of the organization shall develop a one year action plan. The plan shall identify the needs of the ARCs as a whole and the need of the organization in particular. Targets should be set corresponding to specific activities under each KRA for viable ARC, time frame, resource requirement and persons or groups responsible for the activities.
a. Amount and sources of funding should also be indicated in the plan.
b. The action plan format in presented in Annex 6. This plan shall be presented to the community for approval and implementation.
VII. Reporting and Feedbacking
1. ALDA reports and ARC action plans shall be consolidated per province to be submitted to DARRO-SSD. The DARRO-SSD shall likewise consolidate and prepare a regional ALDA report for submission to the National ARC Task Force. A national situation report shall be prepared pinpointing the levels of development of the ARCs and the recommended action agenda to ensure the sustained growth of the ARCs. Revised ARC plan per province, region and national level shall be done which shall form part of the performance contract of the Regional Directors, ARDOs, and PAROs.
2. ALDA shall be conducted in all ARCs annually (every December of the year). Reports on its conduct shall be prepared and submitted every 15th day of January.
3. ALDA reports shall form part of the annual reports to be submitted to the Office of the Undersecretary FOSSO and Assistant Secretary for SSO.
This Memorandum Circular shall take effect immediately.
Diliman, Quezon City, January 21, 1998.
(SGD.) ERNESTO D. GARILAO


When Your Ex Is In Contempt Of Court
28 January 2020
 Categories: Law, Blog
A divorce, especially those that involve minor children, is made up of a series of orders. A failure to abide by any of those orders can result in serious consequences for the party and one of those is being charged with contempt of court. To find out more about this offense and what it might mean, read on.
What Is Contempt?
When a party blatantly disregards the court's wishes, they may be charged with contempt of court. While many are familiar with this issue in regard to courtroom behavior, a failure to obey the judge's orders may also result in contempt. With divorce, numerous opportunities exist for contempt of court issues to arise.
Contempt in Divorce Cases
When an order is issued, it has to be followed and orders involving minor children abound within a divorce. Take a look at just some of the following examples of orders that might result in contempt of court if not followed:
 - One party is failing to return the child according to the visitation schedule or one party is refusing visitation to the other.
 - Child support is not being paid as ordered.
 - One party is allowing the child contact with unsafe parties or situations.
 - One party is failing to provide medical care for the child.
Proving Contempt of Court
Minor mistakes and disagreements may not fall under the seriousness of the contempt of court category. To meet the legal standards, the acts of the party must be willful and deliberate. You have to prove that your ex had full knowledge of the order and its specifics and that they deliberately disobeyed the order anyway. An occasional late pick-up or other issue should be dealt with between the parties and only brought before the judge when it appears the other parent is repeatedly disobeying the order.
Punishment for Divorce Contempt
If the ex is judged to be in contempt, the consequences can vary depending on the level of the offense and the impact of the act on the health and well-being of the child. Contempt in a criminal proceeding can bring jail time, but that seldom happens in a civil matter like divorce. In most cases, the offending party is officially admonished and warned to correct the behavior. If matters are not resolved in that manner, a change in custody or visitation may be ordered.
If your ex is failing to abide by orders, speak to your divorce lawyer at once.


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40K Ultrasonic Cavitation Vacuum RF Radio Frequency Body Slimming Vacuum Machine
WL-939 [mychway] - 5 In 1 Vacuum Cavitation Bipolar Three Pole Multipolar RF Weight Slimming. Radio Frequency Cavitation Multipolar Bipolar Three Pole Cellulite Machine Vacuum Cavitation System. 5 In 1 Vacuum Cavitation Bipolar Three Pole Multipolar RF Weight Slimming. Multipolar RF Head(Sextupole RF) for Body Massage. 40KHz Cavitation Head for Body Slimming.
Vacuum Biploar Head for Lymphatic Drainage. Three Pole RF Head for Eyes Around.Quadrupole RF for Face Lifting. With collective strong sound wave head, strong sound wave of 40000HZ may be emitted to vibrate fat cells at top speed and produce numerous vacuum air pockets inside and outside the fat cells, robustly impact fat cells to generate introverted blast and disintegrate triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acids. Then RF waves at frequency of 1MHZ is used for exhausting the integrated glycerol and free fatty acids through hepatoenteral circulation. Finally, vacuum RF and energy electrode are used for positioning and tightening fat. In physics, it is known as "cavitation". Micropore introverted blast inside and outside cell may lead to enhanced molecular motion and a higher energy level and this will finally cause fat cell rupture and thereby achieve the effects of body building and losing weight. Dissolve fat, lymphatic drainage, firm skin and enhance skin elasticity Negative RF head Being integrated with the most advanced RF technology and radio frequency, the instrument may directly reach the deep-seated fat body and have the excellence of targeted positioning RF. In the fast-active state, fat cell tissue may generate friction heat, increase local temperature and remove excess fat and toxin from the body through sweat gland, enterohepatic circulation and lymph and ultimately achieve the effect of dissolving fat. With controlled depth technology, inlaid diamond particles of different sizes may rub skin alongits pattern, adjust suction strength by means of vacuum draw and rub with negative strongforce to directly explode thick fat. Thus, the effects are very obvious: Enhance blood circulation, accelerate the decomposition of fat, take away wastes, enhance the effect of removing cellulite, effectively improve the state of areolar tissue, remove stubborn fat and improve the sufficient absorption condition of diet products. Strong force explosion fat and fat removal Strong sound wave explosion fat head With collective strong sound wave head, strong sound wave of 40000HZ may be emitted to human body for impacting fat cells fiercely and causing friction motion between fat cells. This may cause effective consumption of calories and moisture in fat cells and reduce the size of fat cells. What's more, sound wave vibration may cause fierce impact of fat cells to make them be exploded instantaneously, reduce the amount of fat cells and thereby achieve the effects of removing fat. Vacuum RF For body and face re-shaping.
Weight loss Vaccum+RF fat-explosion machine can promote tissue metabolism, repel the cellulite, which make fat granule in different depths and shocking make fusion energy, and the deepest receptor can get granule in 3CM thick of skin, and rapid expansion and the rapid heating of the cell wall that exceed the elastic limits and arises cells broken, so that the combustion of fatty acids at the same time broken out of a pot, not only the burning consumption of fatty acids but also more directly emptying so rapidly reduce the size of granule 4. Bipolar Three Pole RF Facial wrinkle elimination, tightening and lifting Facial RF head capacitive coupling electrode is used for transmitting radio-wave energy and generating an electric field for entering into subcutaneous tissue through the skin surface. In the high-frequency of 450khz, this electric field changes its polarity for 450,000 times per second.
- Head For Face and eyes' around: Tripolar RF Headx1
- Head for Face and Body: Quadrupole RF Headx1
- Model: WL-939
- Featured Refinements: Cavitation Machine
- Treatment: weight loss, fat remove
- MPN: WL-9392-MUK-UK
- Brand: mychway
- Country/Region of Manufacture: China
- Warranty: 2year
- Delivery time to USA: 2-5 Days
- Head: unoisetion 40KHZ cavitation headx1
- Head 2: Vacuum Biploar RF Headx1
- Body Head: Multipolar RF Headx1
- EAN: 0709327432722


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Ages 4+, Grades PreK+
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD - Small parts.
Not for children under 3 yrs.
View all our Magnet Activity Kits! Magnetic Activity Kits
Our Math Manipulatives Activity Kit includes 150 magnetic pieces and 24 reproducible activities. Use the 108 magnetic pattern block pieces to teach spatial relationships and simple geometry. The 42 tangram pieces (six tangram puzzles) are a great, hands-on resource for teaching mathematical reasoning and problem-solving skills. Because these math manipulatives are magnetic, your student's elaborate patterns and puzzles will stay in place! The kit also includes a companion activity book for both sets of math magnets and two of our top-selling magnetic-receptive Kidboards™. This is a fabulous kit for classroom, home and travel! Additional Kidboards may be purchased separately.


How Sex Works
Travelling inside the human body, we explore what's really going on before, during and after sex
3 x 60' for BBC Three
This landmark series strips bare the science of sex and attraction like never before. Each episode is anchored in real human stories, as we follow selected characters on their own personal journeys. Their perspectives and experiences allow us to explore the science in an entertaining and involving way.
By travelling inside the human body we explore the physiological, neurological and psychological changes that happen before, during and after sex - and using Pioneer's trademark SFX, we illustrate the science of lust and the mechanics of sex itself. We learn how our bodies get ready for sex both physically and mentally, how the male and female orgasms work and what happens inside the body at the moment of conception itself.
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| ||Medical Myths || |
Why Timing Is Important in Medicine
December 10, 2012
By Robert H. Shmerling, M.D.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
You see your doctor and he tells you:
- See me again in 3 months.
- Stop taking your anti-inflammatory medicine in 2 weeks.
- Have a blood test in 6 weeks.
Did you ever wonder where these time intervals came from? Are they really essential?
Timing is important in medicine. For example, you may have heard of the "golden hour." For certain types of major trauma, it's essential to get medical attention within an hour to improve the chances of survival.
There are many other common situations in medicine when time is important. But then there are occasions when timing is much less critical and the recommendations tend to be much more arbitrary.
If you have the time, we'll review some of these situations now.
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Important Time Intervals
In addition to "the golden hour," there are other time intervals that may be important to keep in mind. For example:
- 4 minutes When the heart stops or someone stops breathing, it's important that CPR start within a few minutes. If more than 4 minutes go by without supporting or restoring circulation or breathing, brain damage commonly occurs and survival rates drop dramatically.
- 2 hours Getting medical treatment (including powerful blood thinners) for heart attack within 2 hours is associated with better survival rates than later medical care.
- 3 hours People with stroke symptoms (such as sudden weakness on one side of the body or trouble speaking) have better outcomes if they get treatment (again, including blood thinners), within 3 hours of their symptoms.
- 4 days, 40 days The general guideline for disasters is that a person can survive about 4 days without water, and about 40 days without food. There are many exceptions because other factors also affect survival, such as a person's overall health before the disaster.
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The Timing of Common Medical Recommendations
Some medical recommendations have time intervals that are based primarily on what is easy to remember. Some common ones are:
- Yearly physical examinations There is no biological function or disease process that is correlated with the time it takes the earth to travel around the sun. That includes the routine physical examination. In fact, a number of studies have called into question the value of yearly examinations.
- Antibiotic use You may have noticed that when you take antibiotics, it tends to be for 5 days, 7 days or 10 days. These intervals are based on research studies showing that antibiotics are highly effective for certain infections when taken for these time periods. But few studies compare taking the same antibiotic for the same condition for 4 days, 6 days or other lengths of time. It's quite possible that a shorter course of treatment (or even a longer one) would be just as effective or even better than the standard interval. However, until additional studies prove it (and recommendations change), it's best to take your prescribed antibiotics according to directions and finish them.
- Bone mineral density testing This standard test for osteoporosis is repeated every year or two for many people. But there's little evidence that such an approach is helpful. Bone density tends to change slowly, even with treatment. The ideal interval for repeating this test is uncertain. One recent study suggested that much longer intervals up to 15 years would be adequate for people at low risk of osteoporosis.
- Mammograms Recommendations about when to start and how often to repeat mammograms have been controversial for years. But, once screening begins, the usual recommendation is to have the test every year or every other year, not every 18 months or 32 months or some other interval. Researchers typically choose 1- or 2-year intervals to study because they are convenient and easy to remember, rather than anything specific about the growth or spread of breast cancer. Similar principles apply to colonoscopy, pap smears and other common screening tests.
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Timing and Diagnosis
Knowing how symptoms vary over time and when they started can help a doctor figure out what you have. For example, abdominal pain that's been coming and going for years is likely to have a different cause and treatment than new abdominal pain that has just suddenly developed. It helps a doctor to know whether your pain started after an injury, exercise or surgery. A rash that developed after starting a new medication could be an allergic reaction; but if you had the rash before you started the medicine, the new medicine is probably not to blame.
In addition, time can be used as a diagnostic test. For example, joint pain often disappears just as mysteriously as it appears. Rather than undergoing extensive testing, it's often better to give it some time (and take some acetaminophen or ibuprofen).
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Patients often assume doctors can make accurate predictions about prognosis or survival. But, "giving a patient 6 months to live" is something you hear in movies or television much more often than in real life; doctors can rarely make such predictions with confidence. (Perhaps that's why you sometimes hear about people getting a dire prognosis and then outliving their doctors.)
Prognosis can be estimated based on studies and doctors' experience. So a doctor might predict a short survival based on what's reported in the medical literature or other patients he or she has treated. But survival tends to vary greatly. For example, a person with pancreatic cancer may be told he has 6 months to live based on average life expectancy of all people with this type of tumor; but they should also be told that it varies from a few weeks (for advanced cases) to several years or more (with tumors that are small, haven't spread or respond well to treatment).
Yogi Berra once said, "It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future." When it comes to making long-term medical predictions, I think doctors (and patients) should take this to heart.
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The Bottom Line
Clearly, time matters in medicine. Significant trauma, heart attack and stroke should be treated as quickly as possible. And, the timing of symptoms can help sort out the diagnosis.
Perhaps your doctor wants to recheck your blood pressure in 3 months to give your weight loss program and low salt diet a chance to work.
Maybe the blood test is in 2 weeks because it takes that long to see the effects of your new thyroid medicine. The anti-inflammatory medicine can damage the lining of the stomach, so stopping it in a month might limit its impact. There can be good reasons for time-based recommendations. But often, there aren't.
When there is no single best amount of time for a particular recommendation, your input matters. For many of my patients who need a follow-up appointment, I've started asking, When would you like to come back?" Sometimes they suggest coming back sooner than I would have recommended, sometimes later. Regardless, time intervals in medical care can often be negotiated rather than chosen only by the doctor.
Sometimes, timing is not everything. If you have a question about the timing of your symptoms or your medical care, be sure to ask your doctor.
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Robert H. Shmerling, M.D. is associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and associate professor at Harvard Medical School. He has been a practicing rheumatologist for over 20 years at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He is an active teacher in the Internal Medicine Residency Program, serving as the Robinson Firm Chief. He is also a teacher in the Rheumatology Fellowship Program.


text: This chapter provides a theoretically-motivated overview of the association between social class and religion, primarily in the United States. I focus on three dimensions of this association. First, social-class stratification in religious affiliation, emphasizing both change and stability in the social-class hierarchy of religious traditions. Second, social-class differences in religious belief and participation, which indicate both positive and negative associations between social class and religiosity. Third, the influence of religion on views of social stratification, which in some ways support and in other ways conflict with expectations derived from classical theory. For each of these dimensions of the association between religion and social class, I review the relevant literature and provide empirical examples using the General Social Survey. I conclude by offering suggestions for future research.


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Measuring tube sliding micrometer - Type: Standard
Measuring tube made of HPVC, telescopic coupling made of brass with high-precision conical measuring stop. Option: Water pressure-tight measuring tubes (double O-ring seal). Used for high-precision measurement axial displacement measurements in soil, rock and in boreholes in concrete structures.
1. Brass telescopic coupling mounted on HPVC measuring tube 2. Measurements in dam 3. Installation of measuring tube with injection packer


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1852 Levasseur Map of Algeria
Description: This is a fascinating 1852 Levasseur map of the French colony of Algeria. Shows the region divided into the administrative provinces of Oban, Alger, and Constantine. The map proper is surrounded by elaborate decorative engravings designed to illustrate both the natural beauty and trade richness of the land. There is a short textual history of the region depicted to the left and right of the map. Published by V. Levasseur in the 1852 edition of his Atlas National de la France Illustree.
Date: 1852 (undated)
Source: Levassuer, V., Atlas National Illustre des 86 Departements et des Possessions de La France Divise par Arrondissements, Cantons et Communea avec La Trace de Toutes Les Routes, Chemins,de fer et Canaux., 1852 edition.
References: Phillips (Atlases) 3003.
Cartographer: Victor Levasseur, an important French engineer, cartographer, and engraver of the mid 19th century, held a number of important cartographically related political and educations posts in France. He is most famous for his Atlas National Illustré des 86 Départements et des Possessions de La France, a large decorative atlas of France, including his Planisphere and five important continental maps. Levasseur's maps are distinctive for their wide decorative margins containing elaborate depictions of the scenery, peoples, and trade goods of the areas he mapped. Levasseur maps are also known to offer a wealth of statistical data. Until recently, very few Levasseur Atlases migrated out of France where they were mostly used in public libraries and town halls. His work represents some of the last great decorative atlases of the 19th century. Click here for a list of rare maps from Victor Levasseur.
Size: Printed area measures 17 x 11.5 inches (43.18 x 29.21 centimeters)
Condition: Very good. Blank on verso. Wide clean margins.
Code: Algeria-levasseur-1852 (to order by phone call: _PHONE_)


Realdo Colombo
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Matteo Realdo Colombo or Renaldus Columbus.
Realdo Colombo (c. 1516, Cremona – 1559, Rome) was an Italian professor of anatomy and a surgeon at the University of Padua between 1544 and 1559.
Early life and education[edit]
Matteo Realdo Colombo or Renaldus Columbus, was born in Cremona, Lombardy to an apothecary named Antonio Colombo. Although little is known about his early life, it is known he took his undergraduate education in Milan and he appears to have pursued his father's profession for a short while afterwards. He left the apothecarys' life and apprenticed to the surgeon Giovanni Antonio Lonigo, under whom he studied for 7 years. In 1538 he enrolled in the University of Padua where he was noted to be an exceptional student of anatomy. While still a student, he was awarded a Chair of Sophistics at the university. In 1542 he returned briefly to Venice to assist his mentor, Lonigo.
Academic career[edit]
In 1543, he returned to Padua to take over the position of Andreas Vesalius, who had travelled to Switzerland to oversee the printing of his book De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Colombo remained in Padua in this capacity for two years before traveling to Pisa at the behest of Cosimo I de Medici. While in Pisa, he worked extensively with Michelangelo. He intended to collaborate with Michelangelo on an illustrated anatomy text to rival De Fabrica but this never came to pass, likely due to Michelangelo's advanced age. In 1548 Colombo took a position at the Sapienza in Rome which he kept until his death in 1559. Because Colombo was not an expert of Galen, the anatomical authority of his time, and because of his very public disputes with the revered Vesalius and Gabriele Falloppio, he was never very highly regarded in Italy.
Colombo and Vesalius[edit]
The relationship between Colombo and Vesalius is not entirely clear. It is often thought that Colombo was a student of Vesalius, but this may not have been the case. Regardless, they had become bitter rivals by 1555. While teaching Vesalius' classes in 1543, Colombo pointed out several errors Vesalius made, most notably attributing properties of cows' eyes to the eyes of humans. Although Vesalius has been much maligned for correcting Galen, Colombo was the first person to criticize him for his own mistakes. When Vesalius returned, he was outraged. He publicly ridiculed Colombo, calling him an "Ignoramus" and stating that "what meager knowledge [Colombo] has of anatomy he learned from me"[citation needed] on a number of occasions. Despite Vesalius's claims, it is likely that Colombo was a proper colleague of Vesalius rather than a student. For one thing, Vesalius attributes many of his discoveries in De Fabrica to Colombo who is referred to as a, "very good friend." Vesalius and Colombo were also from very different academic backgrounds. Vesalius was a Galenic expert, trained in Leuven, whereas Colombo began his study of anatomy as a surgeon. Finally, Colombo refers frequently to Lonigo as his teacher of surgery and anatomy, never mentioning Vesalius.
Colombo and Falloppio[edit]
Title page of De Re Anatomica
Colombo published his only work, De Re Anatomica, in 1559 shortly before his death. Many of the contributions made in De Re Anatomica overlapped the discoveries of Gabriel Falloppio, most notably their claims of having discovered the clitoris. Falloppio published his own book, Observationes Anatomicae, in 1561 and claimed that he had written the work four years prior.[citation needed] This is unlikely as Falloppio's work contains several thinly veiled references to De Re Anatomica. In 1574 Leone Giovanni Battista Carcano (1536–1606), a student of Falloppio, formally charged Colombo of plagiarism, although since Colombo had been dead for over a decade nothing came of these charges.
Contributions to anatomy[edit]
Colombo made several important advances in anatomy, including the discovery of the pulmonary circuit which paved the way for William Harvey's discovery of circulation years later. In the Galenic tradition, blood passed between the ventricles of the heart through micropores in the heart's septum and venous blood became arterial blood in the left ventricle of the heart where air was supplied by the pulmonary vein. During vivisections of dogs and other animals, Colombo repeatedly found only blood, and no air, in the pulmonary vein. In his model, venous blood travelled from the heart to the lungs where it was mixed with air and then returned to the heart. The permeability of the septum was questioned by Michael Servetus in Christianismi Restitutio in 1553 and by Ibn al-Nafis in the 12th century and both proposed that the blood was pushed from the right ventricle to the left via the lungs, however, both of these accounts were largely forgotten. Colombo was the first to propose the pulmonary circuit in an intellectual climate that could expand on his theory. In addition to the pulmonary circuit, Colombo also discovered that the main action of the heart was contraction, rather than dilation as had previously been thought. Both of these discoveries were later confirmed by William Harvey.
Much cited is Columbo's naming and description of the clitoris as "Amor Veneris, vel Dulcedo Appelletur." He stated, "It should be called the love or sweetness of Venus."[1] (See historical and modern perceptions of the clitoris.)
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Elizabeth D. Harvey (Winter, 2002). "Anatomies of Rapture: Clitoral Politics/Medical Blazons". Signs 27 (2): 315–346.
Realdo Colombo in fiction[edit]
External links[edit]


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Gaston, K.J. 2020. Personalised ecology and detection functions. People and Nature [online early].
1. Direct interactions with nature are important for people's health, well-being and support for pro-nature policies. There is an urgent need better to understand the structure and dynamics of these interactions, and how they differ among individual people, human populations and the communities to which they belong.
2. The determinants of these interactions have two components. First are the factors that influence whether someone undertakes actions that may lead to interactions with nature (e.g. looking through a window, going for a walk, travelling to the countryside). These factors have attracted significant attention. Second are the factors that influence what nature interactions are obtained when someone is present in a situation in which these could occur. These have received little explicit attention.
3. One way of formalizing understanding, and identifying gaps in knowledge, of the second group of factors is to consider human–nature interactions in terms of detection functions. Rather than using such functions for the estimation of species abundances, the purpose for which they were originally developed, they can be reorganized as descriptors of influences on people's nature interactions.
4. This paper considers how the different variables contained within detection functions influence human–nature interactions, and in particular how the number of nature interactions a person has in a given place and time is shaped both by clearly 'nature'-associated variables, such as the number of organisms present, and also by variables that are strongly influenced by characteristics of the observer, such as how they use or explore an area and their personal nature detection abilities.
5. Many issues explored in the context of human–nature interactions are then seen to concern these component variables of detection functions, and approaches to improving the frequency of interactions seen, in effect, to be targeted at affecting change in different ones of these variables.
- Bottom-up mapping of climate zones
- Extending the parasitic day


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The joy of bringing a new child home in time for the holidays is a marvelous feeling for adoptive parents. Gulf Coast Adoptions knows that this can also come with some challenges for these families, especially in the first year. Consider these tips to make the holidays as stress-free and enjoyable as possible.
- Choose your traditions carefully. Holiday traditions are a big part of memories for children. Consider adding some that incorporate your child's ethnicity or birth culture.
- Carve out alone time. You don't want your family overwhelmed by always having places to go. Planning some downtime can give everyone a chance to refocus and feel refreshed.
- Include your child's birth parents if you have an open adoption. Some adoptive parents invite the birth parents to a gathering; others choose to just share pictures.
- Document the milestones. A picture of your child's visit to Santa or a written account of your child's first parade are nice things to include in your child's memory box.
- Share your joy. Your family members might want to meet your new little one. Plan for time to make this happen during the holidays, but remember that large gatherings might overwhelm the child.
- Set clear rules. If you are just bringing your child home, you need to ensure that family members know your rules. For example, washing their hands before touching a newborn keeps the baby protected. Avoiding kisses on the baby's face might also be necessary.
- Avoid sick individuals. The winter is the prime season for influenza and RSV. Ask that anyone who is sick avoid spending time with your new family so that your holidays aren't filled with illness.
Gulf Coast Adoptions is here to help connect adoptive and birth families. Call us at _PHONE_ to find out more about our services.


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Maximize the efficiency of your logistics and make it greener
OptiRoute can handle standard transport processes, operations optimization, and more. Our real-time, optimized, and flexible planning and scheduling system for logistics processes and routes creates an optimized schedule within minutes while eliminating spreadsheets and manual work. Sudden changes to production targets are processed within minutes when the new optimized schedule is recalculated with the Optimus 4.0 platform.
Logistics is an industry that requires speed, accuracy, and continuous improvement. Therefore, planning vehicles, routes, and loadings is not easy, as logistics operators often have to deal with abrupt changes.
Business needs addressable by OptiRoute:
- Optimization of delivery routes and inter-warehouse
Use optimal routes for vehicle loading and unloading, and efficient organization in the cargo space. OptiRoute also enables you to minimize the inter-warehouse transportation required to collect all ordered items of a particular order dispatch. Distribution algorithms suggest where to store shipments to decrease the future need for inter-warehouse transport. Therefore, OptiRoute significantly reduces CO2 emissions and makes your logistics more environmentally friendly.
- Easy rescheduling and logistics prediction
Addressable use cases:Change your cargo handling plans easily and at any time. OptiRoute can consider the load currently in the warehouse, the weekly load or dynamically reschedule everything. Based on historical data, we can adjust OptiRoute to predict what shipments or parcels will need to be sent and when.
- delivery routes and shipping
- inter-warehouse transportation
- container and truck loading
- logistics rescheduling and prediction of needs
- milk runs


Details for Yancey United Methodist Church (Atlas Number _PHONE_)
Historical Marker — Atlas Number _PHONE_
Marker Number 12556
Atlas Number _PHONE_
Marker Title Yancey United Methodist Church
Index Entry Yancey United Methodist Church
Address 255 CR 743
City Yancey
County Medina
UTM Zone
UTM Easting
UTM Northing
Subject Codes Methodist (Methodist Episcopal and United Methodist) denomination; eccesiastical buildings; churches
Marker Year 2001
Designations Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location
Marker Size 27" x 42"
Marker Text Completed in 1925, this church building resulted from the combination of two neighboring Methodist congregations. Circuit-riding Methodist preacher A. J. Potter began holding services in a log schoolhouse south of Yancey in 1875. That congregation eventually came to be known as Wilson Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church, South, before it moved into the town of Yancey and was renamed Yancey Methodist Church. North of town, the Yancey Ebenezer Methodist Church, South, was founded in _PHONE_, with the Rev. W. D. Wiemers as first preacher, to serve the German population that lived in the area. In 1921, the two congregations were combined, with the Rev. F. W. Radetzky as first pastor. The church building features classic Gothic detailing, such as the pointed arches in the windows and the entryway. Gothic Revival was a popular style for church designs at the time this building was constructed. When detailed in wood rather than masonry, the style is known as Carpenter Gothic. The square bell tower and gabled roof are other prominent features of the building. An open-air tabernacle on the property, once used for dinners on the ground, worship and outdoor classes, was replaced with an education building in 1948. With its history reaching back to the earliest evidence of Methodism in the area, the Yancey United Methodist Church has played a strong role in the cultural and religious history of the community. It continues to serve the area with a variety of service and outreach ministries. The historic church building remains a significant part of Yancey's architectural heritage. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 2001


Data Practices Policies
Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 13, requires that each government entity establish a number of policies that govern the treatment of government data.
Right of access to government data
Each government entity is required to have two policies about access to government data.
 - One policy must explain the rights of the public (Model Policy for the Public). NOTE: Data about a member of the public requesting access to public data are presumptively public. Entities are not required to note that in their policy, but may choose to do so.
 - The other policy (Model policy for Data Subjects) must explain the rights of data subjects.
IPAD developed a worksheet to help create the policies.
Not public data inventory
A government entity is required to create a document that identifies and describes any private or confidential data maintained by the entity. The Department of Administration's Data Inventory meets this requirement.
Ensuring appropriate access to not public data
Effective August 1, 2014, section 13.05, subd. 5, includes a requirement that government entities create procedures "ensuring that data that are not public are only accessible to persons whose work assignment reasonably requires access to the data." This requires government entities to create procedures to identify which employees have access to not public data and develop a policy incorporating these procedures.
Other suggestions to implement this requirement:
 - Incorporate access to not public data in all employee positions descriptions (sample from Admin).
 - Utilize SharePoint or other shared folders or networks to catalog data access and/or security roles.
 - Create a data access approval form for each employee that lists authorized files/folders with appropriate security acknowledgement by employee and manager/supervisor.
 - Implement a security matrix similar to what is required by the federal HIPAA Privacy Rules (resource: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Security 101 for Covered Entities).


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The Problem of Lemons and Why We Must Retain Juvenile Crime Records
T. Markus Funk
Government of the United States of America - Department of Justice
Daniel D. Polsby
George Mason University School of Law
Cato Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1998).
Most states, and the federal government, have statutes that "expunge" (destroy or seal) a young offender's record of juvenile delinquency when he reaches age 17 or 18. The justification for this policy is that it allows young men (and young women) who have been guilty of "youthful indiscretions" to enter adulthood without the heavy stigmatic freight of a criminal record. At bottom, expungement laws seek to prevent employers, police officers, and even judges from finding out about a person's criminal activities during his minority. Although a policy that allows for the expungement of isolated or minor acts of juvenile delinquency may not raise some of the problems discussed in this article, many current statutes tend to aggressively expunge records full of serious and repeated criminal conduct. Examining economicst George A. Akerlof's "Market for Lemons," this article will discuss some of the not so obvious negative consequences that result from such expungement schemes, such as an increased likelihood that race and socio-economic background may be improperly relied upon in sentencing.
Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: February 8, 1998
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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text:
How do I parse an XML, which is stored in a String? Assume the string name is xmlString. It contains 'employee' as root node and firstname, lasename, address as child node.
I tried the following with xml4J parser. 1. Create a parser object Parser p = new Parser("parser.err"); 2. converting a string into an inputstream. ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlString.getBytes());
3. Create the DOM tree TXDocument document = parser.readStream(is); here, document(DOM tree) is null. So, I am not able to get the root element. Why is that??? Thanks


eject from
eject from (something)
1. To propel someone or something out of something, often an airplane. A noun or pronoun can be used between "eject" and "from." When it became clear that a crash was imminent, the pilot ejected himself from the plane and miraculously survived. The investigation showed that the passenger was ejected from the vehicle.
2. To forcibly remove someone from a situation or place. A noun or pronoun can be used between "eject" and "from." If you keep talking during the play, you'll be ejected from the theater!
See also: eject
eject (someone) from
some place to use force to make someone leave a place; to throw someone out of some place. The management ejected Sam from the theater. He was ejected from the theater.
See also: eject
See also:
References in periodicals archive?
Both pilots managed to eject from the aircraft, local media report.
Likewise with rifle or shotgun rounds you have to eject from the chamber.
"Radio communication was cut around 2:15 pm (1115 GMT) with the F-16 fighter plane on mission in the Amanos mountains," shortly after the pilot signalled he was about to eject from the aircraft, read the statement.
For the second time in four months a Canadian pilot was forced to eject from a doomed CF-18 Hornet.
pilots were yesterday injured when they were forced to eject from their military jet when the aircraft burst into flames during a training exercise at the British Bases.
When Craig was serving with the RAF he had to eject from the cockpit of a Lightning jet fighter just seconds before it crashed.


I have been searching for quite a while to no avail for this answer, and was hoping that someone may have the answer here.
I'm not new to c++; I have been working with it for about 3 years now, and recently moved into visual c++ (with Microsoft Visual Studio 2008), where I quickly ran into a problem I have yet to answer.
My question seems easy enough; is it possible to create objects (such as labels or picture boxes) on the fly from within functions, rather than in the namespace constructor?
I know the general creation code defined with the handles/pointers in the beginning of the form's namespace, but I'm wondering if - through a function - it is possible to create and destroy them?
And if so, what is the proper syntax, and how would I be able to - if at all possible - port it over to an external.cpp file?
Considering the diversity of the C++ language, I believe that the answer to my problems exist, but I have yet to find out precisely what it is.
Any potential help would be appreciated.


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The effect of wind speed fluctuations on the performance of a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination
Park, Gavin L.
Richards, Bryce S.
MetadataShow full item record
A wind-powered reverse osmosis membrane (wind-membrane) system without energy storage was tested using synthetic brackish water (2750 and 5500 mg/L NaCl) over a range of simulated wind speeds under both steady-state and fluctuating conditions. The parameters varied were: i) average wind speed from 3.7 (system start-up) to 8.7 m/s; ii) wind turbulence intensity from 0.0 (steady-state conditions) to 0.6 (extreme fluctuations); and iii) period of oscillation from 15 to 90 s. With a feed water of 2750 mg/L NaCl, the wind-membrane system produced good-quality permeate (<600 mg/L) over the full range of wind speeds and fluctuations. The system performance (in terms of permeate flux and NaCl concentration) at average wind speeds of 7.0 m/s or more was unaffected by fluctuations up to a turbulence intensity of 0.4 and was independent of the period of fluctuation within this operating range. With a feed water of 5500 mg/L NaCl an average wind speed of 7.0 m/s or more was required to produce adequate-quality permeate (<1000 mg/L) under fluctuating conditions. It is concluded that this wind-membrane system can be operated within a safe operating window with large power fluctuations, but further control strategies are required to deal with intermittent operation, especially with higher salinity feed waters.


Basic College Mathematics (9th Edition)
Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: _PHONE_
ISBN 13: 978-0-32182-553-7
Work Step by Step
If each symbol represents 500 stores and 7-Eleven has 10.5 symbols, then it has 500 * 10.5 = 5250 stores.
Update this answer!
Update this answer


Graham Moore Books In Order
Publication Order of Standalone Novels
The Sherlockian (2010)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Last Days of Night (2016)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Holdout (2020)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
Graham Moore is an American historical fiction author and screenwriter. He is best known for "The Sherlockian," the debut historical fiction novel he published in 2010 and "The Imitation Game" an Academy Award-winning television script that was based on a biography on Andrew Hodges. His mother was chief of staff for Michelle Obama while his father was an insurance defense lawyer. He was born and spent much of his childhood on the north side of Chicago and had a happy childhood despite the fact that his parents divorced when he was barely in his teens. In 2016, he published his second novel
"The Last Days of Night" that tells of the rivalry between George Westinghouse and Thomas Edison set in New York City in 1888. The story is told from the perspective of Paul Cravath who was attorney to Westinghouse. The novel was made into a film whose script was written by that Moore.
Growing up in North Chicago, Graham Moore got interested in mystery stories as a child when he would read Agatha Christie novels that his mother brought home. Since he always loved music, he intended to find a career in music and hence spent much of his time as a teenager playing and reading about various bands. When he joined Columbia University, he still wanted to work in music though he was starting to get interested in literature having attended classes where he read Western classics such as "The Odyssey" and "The Iliad." However, his interest in music was stronger and thus he kept at it and when he graduated, he built a studio that he worked in with his friends. Moore was in charge of collecting equipment and was also sound engineer when he was not playing with a bunch of bands around New York. He had always been fascinated by Sherlock Holmes but something changed in 2004. A leading archeologist announced that they had found Arthur Conan Doyle's diary which was something of a Holy Grail from Sherlock fans. He was so fascinated with the discovery that he started writing the manuscript for a novel that would later become "The Sherlockian." Soon he was angling to become an author though he still worked in the studio to make rent and wrote whenever he had free time.
In 2004, Ben Epstein who was a student at New York University film school and Graham Moore's best friend made an interesting suggestion. They had been out drinking and were just telling foolish jokes that got funnier as the night wore on. It had not been such a good joke when it all started but over the course of the night, it developed into an idea for a comedy. Moore had never written anything except for a few short stories and the manuscript for his first novel. However, Epstein was adamant that they had to write the script for the comedy he was making for MTV together. While he did not know anything about scriptwriting Graham thought it would be fun. And so for several years he became a scriptwriter during the day working with his friend Epstein and in the studio during the night. When their studio closed in 2008, he had made a few connections in Hollywood after having written several scripts. His agent invited him to go live in Los Angeles. At this time, all he wanted to do was write novels but the agent assured him that he would find him a job to pay the rent while he completed his novel. The agent paid his airfare and got him his first job writing on the staff of "10 Things I Hate About You" that was airing on ABC. "The Sherlockian" was published in 2010 even though he was still better known as a scriptwriter in Hollywood. He then published "The Last Days of Night" in 2016 to establish his name as one of the most promising literary authors.
Graham Moore's "The Sherlockian" is set in 1893 where Londoners bought their magazines hoping to read of Sherlock Holmes's next adventure, only to find that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had killed the indomitable detective. The unthinkable had happened and London descends into mourning with many railing against Doyle and crowds of people walked around sporting black armbands. But then Doyle had redeemed himself when in 1901 he resurrected the beloved detective. While he had insinuated that the death of Holmes in the novel "The Final Problem" was final, he never bothered to explain why he later changed his mind. After his death, the people in charge of his estate learned that one of his diaries was nowhere to be found. It went missing for decades and had become something of a "Holy Grail" for Sherlock Holmes fans. When Harold White is inducted into "The Baker Street Irregulars," he is thrust into the search for the missing journal. But when a literary scholar is found dead supposedly murdered, Harold uses the methods and wisdom he had amassed from reading Holmes in a quest to find the killer and the missing journal.
Graham Moore's "The Last Days of Night" is set in 1888, where the electric light just made its debut but many streets are still lit by the flicker of gas lamps. The person who controls the technology to convert night into day is set to make a vast fortune and write their name in the books of history. Paul Cravath who is a fresh-faced lawyer out of Columbia has just taken an almost impossible case. He is the attorney for George Westinghouse, who is being sued by Thomas Edison that accuses him of stealing his light bulb invention. By taking the case, he gets the opportunity to rub shoulders with the movers and shakers of New York who conduct insidious dealings in secret. His opponent Edison is a dangerous and wily man who has a lot of resources to call upon including newspapers, private spies and one of the richest men in America, J.P. Morgan. But just like Edison, the young lawyer is determined to win no matter the cost. In his obsessive quest for winning the case, he meets with the brilliant but eccentric inventor Nikola Tesla who may just be the man who knows how to beat Edison. Beautiful opera singer Agnes Huntington will also prove a great ally, though the risks he has to take are ever greater as no one is ever what they seem to be.
"The Holdout" by Graham Moore is the story of a fifteen-year-old heiress named Jessica Silver. She has just inherited a real estate fortune worth billions but then on her way home from school, she goes missing with the prime suspect a 25-year-old African American man named Bobby Nock. The ensuing trial traps straight into what preoccupies most Americans: law enforcement, race, sex, class and the garish sins of the famous and the rich. The prosecution believes that they have their man until a young woman named Maya Seale convinces he jurors that Nock did not commit the crime. But their "not guilty" verdict comes back to haunt all them for years. A decade later, the jury reassembles when a network pays them to do a docuseries and Maya who has gone back to school and is now an attorney also joins the series. But then one of the jurors turns up dead in Maya's room and it seems someone is framing her for the murder. She now needs to get to the bottom of a case that seems to have taken a life of its own and prove her innocence while at it. The current investigation soon has threads tying into what happened ten years back as secrets threaten to be revealed putting all involved in danger.
Book Series In Order » Authors » Graham Moore


What is a Covenant Marriage?
A covenant marriage is a biblical term that is used when two people make a commitment to each other in front of family, friends and God. It represents the new life that they are stating together as one.
source: answers.ask.com
Q&A Related to "What is a Covenant Marriage?"
1. Check the law in the state where you plan to marry to verify the legality of a covenant marriage. As of 2010, Louisiana, Arizona and Arkansas are the only states that recognize
covenant love is a contract between two people that should never be broken.
"Salt never spoils or decays, therefore, it is symbolic of our eternal covenant with God." Thanks for
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A salt covenant is a type of marriage ceremony used in some religions by the bride and groom. The salt covenant dates from the bible, when people would make a...


text:
Q&A: Inpatient Certification
Q: What elements must be included for inpatient certification?
A: The inpatient certification may be made with a specific separate certification form or constructively through the forms, notes, or records signed by the certifying physician. There are three elements to the certification:
- The reason for continued hospitalization of the patient or the special or unusual services for cost outlier cases
- The estimated time the patient will need to remain in the hospital
- Plans for postdischarge care, if appropriate
For more information, see the Patient Status Training Toolkit for Utilization Review.


Birnbaum, while a noted biographer of Japanese women and their works, reminds us that she is "not writing the woman's story this time around." Her duty to Foujita, she believes, makes it necessary for her to take his point of view in everything. Still, Birnbaum does an outstanding job of presenting her main thesis, exploring in intriguing detail the artist's dilemma as a man between two countries and two cultures, and in the process she gives a vivid picture of the international art scene during the World Wars, background vital for understanding many of today's cultural clashes, misunderstandings, and surprising fusions. Written by: Kittye Delle Robbins-Herring, February 20th 2007 Tags: cats, Foujita, France, Japan, painter, painting, propaganda, women, World War II Books Phyllis Birnbaum Faber and Faber Inc. Kittye Delle Robbins-Herring cats Foujita France Japan painter painting propaganda women World War II Tue, 20 Feb 2007 20:07:00 +0000 admin 433 at


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm building an AST using ANTLR. I want to write a production that matches this string:
In my grammar file I have:
This works fine. I'm using my own adaptor to emit tree nodes. The rewrite rule used creates for me two nodes: one for NODE_VAR_REFERENCE and one for IDENT.
What I want to do is create only one node (for the NODE_VAR_REFERENCE token), and this node must have the IDENT token in its "token" field.
Is this possible using a rewrite rule? Thanks.
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Well, to let IDENT be the token of the node NODE_VAR_REFERENCE would mean there isn't any NODE_VAR_REFERENCE at all. A token consists of a type (NODE_VAR_REFERENCE or IDENT) and some text this token matched. To let a tree node's token become IDENT would mean both the type and text would be that of IDENT (losing the NODE_VAR_REFERENCE token, or type).
What you probably mean is to have single node with type NODE_VAR_REFERENCE and the text of IDENT, in which case you could do something like this:
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that's what I mean. Thanks. – Antonio Nov 21 '12 at 9:35
You're welcome _USER_. – Bart Kiers Nov 21 '12 at 22:58
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Brighty K (300ml)\
Brighty K
BRIGHTY K is a liquid fertilizer for supplying potassium to a planted aquarium. When potassium is insufficient, the photosynthesis activity and growth of aquatic plants are affected, and this can cause yellowing and bleaching of leaves as well as lower resistance to algae. Daily application of BRIGHTY K to the aquarium eliminates these problems caused by potassium deficiency and promotes growth of aquatic plants.
BRIGHTY K also has an effect of enhancing the buffering capacity of water and prevents a decline in the pH of aquarium water.
*BRIGHTY K is strongly alkaline. The pH of aquarium water may rise temporarily immediately after this product is applied, but it will eventually return to the original level.


text:
ATF Scenario Builder
ATF Power Toolkit
in Raging Tiger
What's new in The
Falklands War: 1982
What's new in The
Star and the Crescent
How to Edit a Hierarchy
A Hierarchy is an object that represents either a platoon or a
company. It contains units and hierarchies which represent the
hierarchy's subordinate units. In the ATF Scenario Builder
hierarchies are generated either manually or during the process of adding
a Unit Package. From the
Hierarchy Tree window, you can edit the appearance or attributes of a
hierarchy, no matter how it is created.
NOTE: In Armored Task Force, enemy platoons are
represented on the map and in windows as companies, and companies as
battalions. Besides this, in every respect, they behave just as
Open the Hierarchy Tree Window:
While hierarchies are visible on the map, they can only be edited from
the Hierarchy Tree window. While, in Armored Task Force,
there is only a friendly Hierarchy Tree window, in ATF Scenario
Builder, there are three Hierarchy Tree windows: Friendly, Enemy, and
1. Select 'Friendly' from the 'Hierarchy Tree' sub-menu of the
Edit a Hierarchy:
On the map, hierarchies are depicted by flags or NATO piece
markers. When you add a Unit Package, it may or may not have the
correct flag and, even if it does have the correct flag, it will almost
certainly not be labeled correctly. To fix the problem, you will
have to edit the appearance of the hierarchy.
To begin editing a hierarchy, right-click on it in the Hierarchy Tree
window, and select 'Edit'.
1. To change the attributes or appearance of a hierarchy, make
changes in the Hierarchy Platoon or Company Data dialog.
- Name. The screen name of the hierarchy, which appears both
in the Hierarchy Tree window and in the 'tooltip' labels on the map.
- Max Units. The maximum number of directly subordinate units
or hierarchies under this hierarchy (both units and platoon
hierarchies, but not subordinate platoon's units).
- Spacing. The distance between units in the hierarchy while
in formation (in tens of meters).
- Command Radius. Not currently implemented.
- Command and Control, BOS Flags. These flags are combined
to determine what kinds of formations and Missions are available to
- NATO Piece. The NATO symbol that represents the hierarchy,
both in the Hierarchy Tree and on the map.
- Graphic Piece. The 'Flag' that represents the hierarchy on
the map when vehicles are visible.
- Graphic Label Piece. The number or letter that is displayed
on the flag.
- Destroyed NATO and Graphic Piece. Not implemented.
- Locked? If this box is checked, hierarchies and units can
not be added to or removed from the hierarchy.
2. To change the flag, click on the 'Graphic Piece' button and
select a piece of the type '..._flag'.
3. To change the letter or number on the flag, select 'Graphic
4.... And select a piece with a name of the form '..._label'.
5. When you click 'OK' to close the Hierarchy Platoon Data
dialog, the graphic representation of the hierarchy will be altered on
Task Organize Hierarchies:
Just as in Armored Task Force, platoons and units can be moved
from one hierarchy to another.
1. Click on the hierarchy and, while holding down the left-mouse
2.... drag the hierarchy to the new hierarchy and 'drop' it by
releasing the left mouse button.
Edit a Unit in the Hierarchy Tree:
Units are also represented in the Hierarchy Tree window. Their
attributes effect not only how they are depicted in the Hierarchy Tree,
but also how they are depicted on the map when NATO icons are
selected. These attributes also effect the unit's ability to lead
1. Right-click on a unit in the Hierarchy Tree and select 'Edit'.
2. Now you can alter the attributes of the unit.
- Name. The name of the unit. This will supersede any
name set for the unit on the map.
- Rank. If the unit also has 'Platoon Leader Capable' or
'Company Commander Capable' set, this number sets the order of
precedence in which this unit will assume command of the hierarchy
of which it is a part. For instance, a unit with a Rank of 1
will assume command before a unit with a Rank of 2. A zero or
negative Rank will override the leader settings and prevent this
unit from assuming command.
- Platoon Leader Capable, Company Commander Capable. If one of
these is checked, and the unit has a positive Rank, the unit will
assume command of the hierarachy of which it is a direct member,
unless a unit with a lower Rank is present. Obviously 'Platoon
Leaders' can only lead platoons and 'Company Commanders' can only
- NATO Piece. The NATO icon which represents the unit both on
the map and in the Hierarchy Tree. This setting will override
settings for the vehicle type of the unit.
- Graphic Piece, Destroyed NATO Piece, Destroyed Graphic
Piece. Not implemented.
- Locked? If checked, the unit can not be moved from its
current hierarchy to another hierarchy or out of all hierarchies.
Next step : Copy Units


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Understanding the Legal Landscape of CBD in Rwanda
Before delving into the legality of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rwanda, it's crucial to understand what CBD is. CBD is a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant. It's often used in various forms, such as oils, edibles, and topicals, for its purported health benefits. However, the legal status of CBD varies significantly across different countries.
Rwanda's Stance on Cannabis and CBD
In Rwanda, as in many African countries, the laws surrounding cannabis are stringent. The country has a zero-tolerance policy towards drugs, including cannabis. The use, sale, and possession of cannabis are illegal in Rwanda, and these offenses carry heavy penalties, including imprisonment. But does this legislation extend to CBD, a non-intoxicating derivative of the cannabis plant?
The Legality of CBD in Rwanda
Despite the strict laws against cannabis, the legal status of CBD in Rwanda is somewhat unclear. The country's drug laws do not explicitly mention CBD or distinguish it from other cannabis derivatives. This ambiguity leaves room for interpretation and could potentially put CBD users at risk of legal repercussions. Therefore, it is highly advisable to exercise caution when dealing with CBD in Rwanda.
Importing and Buying CBD in Rwanda
Given the strict drug laws and the ambiguity surrounding CBD, importing or buying CBD in Rwanda could potentially lead to legal issues. It's essential to note that ignorance of the law is not considered a valid defense. Therefore, anyone considering bringing CBD into Rwanda or purchasing it within the country should be fully aware of the potential legal implications.
In conclusion, the legality of CBD in Rwanda is unclear due to the absence of specific laws addressing CBD. Despite its non-psychoactive nature, CBD is derived from the cannabis plant, which is strictly regulated in Rwanda. Therefore, the use, purchase, or importation of CBD in Rwanda carries a risk of legal repercussions. Until the Rwandan authorities provide clear guidelines on CBD, it is advisable to err on the side of caution and refrain from engaging in any CBD-related activities in the country.


Vital evidence lost from Iraq's mass graves
14 May 2003
The desperate excavation of bodies from Iraq's mass graves by frantic relatives is destroying vital scientific evidence, experts are warning. The plea for the graves to be protected comes as the largest mass grave yet found was uncovered 50 miles south of Baghdad.
The grim finding near al-Hillah has yielded 3000 bodies, with a total of 10,000 people suspected to be buried there. The victims are thought to have been murdered during Saddam Hussein's brutal suppression of the Shia uprising after the 1991 Gulf War. Locals say they have identified about 1200 of the victims from identity cards or personal belongings.
But New-York based Human Rights Watch group has sharply criticised the US-led forces in Iraq for failing to protect the sites. They claim crucial evidence, vital for identification and for future war crimes tribunals, will be disturbed.
Spokeswoman Urmi Shah told New Scientist that verbal accounts of atrocities would not be enough to convict war crimes. She said legal trials related to the mass killings in the Balkans in the 1990s were clinched by the physical evidence.
Mistaken identity
Experts contacted by New Scientist agree that evidence will be lost unless the sites were policed to allow proper scientific exhumations.
Gordon Bacon, chief of staff at the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) – an independent international organisation set up to identify bodies recovered in former Yugoslavia – said relatives tend to use circumstantial evidence such as clothing to identify their loved ones, but often these lead to incorrect identifications.
The organisation has set up a DNA database with samples from up to 43,000 relatives and more than 7000 victims. So far it has positively identified 2200 victims by matching DNA profiles. Bacon says DNA testing proved that nearly half of the "presumptive" identifications were wrong.
He argues that DNA profiling could also be used to identify bodies in Iraq, but that it must happen quickly. If a family believes they have already retrieved and re-buried the remains of their loved one, they will not then participate in DNA screening. This would leaves the real possibility that they re-buried the wrong person.
Ed Huffine, director of the ICMP's forensic sciences programme, adds that by removing bodies from the site, other crucial evidence might be lost, for example bullet shells or tyre track patterns. Also, if individual bodies are pulled out associations of bodies might be lost. If each village had its own section within the mass grave, this would indicate a systematic approach to the killing, says Huffine.
Resuming decay
Ian Hanson, a forensic archaeologist at the University of Bournemouth, UK, has worked in Bosnia and adds that even if the Iraq site is now cordoned off, damage to the exposed sections will continue.
"Once bodies have been buried, there is a certain amount of decomposition but then the environment stabilises," he says. The bacteria causing decomposition run out of oxygen, which helps preserves a lot of evidence. But when people have been digging and exposing the grave to the air, "you get a resumption of decay," he says.
Hanson says that in Bosnia, skin, facial features and even tattoos were preserved in this way helping identification. Organic materials such as paper documents and family photos can also be preserved in the centre of the grave.
Nonetheless, the experts unanimously agree that the distraught relatives' actions are completely understandable. "The families are going to need support. They're lived for 12 years, perhaps knowing their relatives might be buried a few kilometres away, but being too terrified to do anything about it," says Bacon. "They want closure."


text:
Projective transformation is a mathematical correction (implemented in software) used in the remote imaging field to produce distortion-free images. We present the application of projective transformation to correct minor alignment and astigmatism distortions that are inherent in dispersive spectrographs. Patterned white-light images and neon emission spectra were used to produce registration points for the transformation. Raman transects collected on microscopy and fiber-optic systems were corrected using established methods and compared with the same transects corrected using the projective transformation. Even minor distortions have a significant effect on reproducibility and apparent fluorescence background complexity. Simulated Raman spectra were used to optimize the projective transformation algorithm. We demonstrate that the projective transformation reduced the apparent fluorescent background complexity and improved reproducibility of measured parameters of Raman spectra. Distortion correction using a projective transformation provides a major advantage in reducing the background fluorescence complexity even in instrumentation where slit-image distortions and camera rotation were minimized using manual or mechanical means. We expect these advantages should be readily applicable to other spectroscopic modalities using dispersive imaging spectrographs.
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Definitions for "Snowline"
The lowest point at which snow remains year-round.
The line on a glacier separating the area where snow remains from year to year from the area where snow from the previous season melts.
the elevation above which snow remains on the ground year-round, ie the lower boundary of a permanent snowcap. Sometimes also used to designate the lower elevation boundary of merely seasonal snowfields.
In astronomy, a snowline is a theoretical distance from a star that, during the system's formation, material must orbit outside of in order for a planet core to form.


Animal product alternatives
Reviewed by our expert panel
Animal product alternatives
Are vegetarian 'meats' and vegan 'dairy products' breaking any rules by not containing what they're named after? Gwendoline Keel and Ciska de Rijk, food law specialists at Simpson Grierson, find out.
Vegetarian 'bacon' and 'sausages', nut 'milk', soy 'cheese' and vegan 'ice cream' sound like oxymorons, but these foods are now commonplace. So, are they breaking any laws by being labelled as something they don't contain?
What's the law got to say?
The Fair Trading Act prohibits false and misleading representations and requires substantiation for any claims made. It is not just words that can be misleading. The overall impression conveyed by the product's packaging, pictures and logos is what counts when determining whether a product's claims are misleading.
Also, under the Food Code, certain foods must meet specific definitions in order to be sold as such. For example, milk is defined as 'the mammary secretion of milking animals, obtained from one or more milkings for consumption as liquid milk or for further processing'. Sausage is defined as 'meat that has been minced, meat that has been comminuted, or a mixture of both, whether or not mixed with other foods, and which has been encased or formed into discrete units'.
Where is the line in the sand?
Products that are named and sold as food that do not meet their legal definitions are, perhaps, technically in breach of the Food Code.
These products normally get around this non-compliance issue by providing additional clarifying information on the labels. For example, in an almond milk product the word 'almond' clarifies that the product is derived from almonds, and not the 'mammary secretion of milking animals'.
It should be made clear to the consumer what the product actually is. For instance, the packaging for vegetarian bacon bits must ensure that consumers are able to tell that the product does not contain meat as traditional bacon does, and that the product is indeed suitable for vegetarians.
Any fine print or clarifying statements must be prominent, clear and easy to read.
What's up over the ditch?
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), which regulates the Australian Consumer Law, takes a hard-line approach to false and misleading claims in relation to food. Hume Import & Export was fined $10,200 for its 'Hi Honey' product including the word 'honey' and a map of Australia on the label.
The ACCC considered that this gave the impression the product was honey made by honey bees in Australia, whereas the product was mainly made from plant sugars and made in Turkey.
The ACCC has announced taking action against misleading and deceptive practices as part of its 2017 priorities.
Consumer tip
Pay attention to the ingredients list to determine what is within a product, and read claims on the label for additional information. Visit the manufacturer's website for further information or to ask questions.
First published: Aug 2017
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