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The Charles M. Schulz Museum seeks a collaborative, organized, and enthusiastic Assistant Archivist to join our collections team. The Museum is home to an active Research Center that provides care and access to correspondence, periodicals, books, news clippings, and business records pertaining to the life and art of Charles M. Schulz.
The Assistant Archivist reports directly to the Archivist, who is responsible for the overall administration of the Research Center of the Charles M. Schulz Museum. This position is focused on processing archival records related to the life and legacy of Charles M. Schulz, creator of Peanuts, as well as institutional archives. The Assistant Archivist works to implement archival management of records in electronic formats, assists with the public service functions of the Research Center, and engages in active outreach. This position also has responsibility for encoding finding aids using Encoded Archival Description (EAD). In addition, the Assistant Archivist will work with processing assistants, including paraprofessional archival processors and interns. The successful candidate may also participate in digitization projects, acquisition of manuscript and archival collections, and donor relations.
- A graduate degree in library science from an ALA-accredited institution, a graduate degree in archival studies, or an equivalent combination of education and experience.
- Formal coursework or training in archival management and theory.
- Ability to work effectively as part of a team in a dynamically changing environment.
- Experience processing archival collections and preparing finding aids.
- Familiarity with concepts related to archival management of electronic records.
- Knowledge of basic records management principles and current trends.
- Ability to learn new technologies quickly and effectively.
- Fluency with digitization concepts and best practices.
- Strong written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills.
- Proficiency with PastPerfect Museum Software.
- Reference service experience in a research or academic library.
- Expertise working with archival collections in non-textual formats, such as photographs, audio recordings, and video recordings.
- Experience working with electronic records.
- A comprehensive understanding of Adobe Creative Suites.
- Experience working with oral history programs.
About the Museum
The mission of the Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center is to preserve, display, and interpret the art of Charles M. Schulz. The Museum carries out this mission through exhibitions and programming that:
- Illustrate the scope of Charles M. Schulz's multi-faceted career,
- Communicate the stories, inspirations, and influences of Charles M. Schulz,
- Celebrate the life of Charles M. Schulz and the Peanuts characters, and
- Build an understanding of cartoonists and cartoon art.
Benefits and Compensation
This is a part-time hourly position with pro-rated benefits requiring 32 hours per week.
To apply, please send a letter of interest and resume to Cesar Gallegos, Archivist, at _EMAIL_


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Why is advocacy and policy change an important part of our work?
Food security is impacted by many different factors. Long-term, holistic, and systemic changes are needed. That's why advocacy and policy change at multiple levels are important strategies and can be found at the core of FoodARC's objectives and work.
Our projects and activities are all oriented towards building capacity for individuals, organizations, and communities in order to be able to influence food security policies:
- by better understanding the policy environment around food security and testing policy change approaches to help guide action;
- by increasing the knowledge and skills of all partners through mutual learning about participatory action research, food security, and strategies for policy change; and
- by working together to share the knowledge and insights gained, to increase awareness of both the issues and possible solutions, build capacity for advocacy, and identify opportunities for change.
FoodARC's Make Food Matter toolkit has pulled together over 10 years of our research and collective experiences into a set of resources to support advocacy and policy change. Visit Make Food Matter to check out the five action streams of the toolkit – community dialogues, policy, advocacy, social innovation and effective communication.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Through their education in schools and colleges, as well as talk shows and club meetings, ACET Belarus teaches young people about relationships and sexual health, HIV prevention, STIs, drugs and alcohol abuse.
They inspire young people to consider their future and life goals when making decisions about relationships and sex, instead of following their peers or doing things on impulse.
In the first half of this year, ACET Belarus reached 14,916 young people, parents and teachers.
These testimonies from students at a local engineering and automobile service college illustrate the difference being made by ACET Belarus' work:
"When you refuse to have alcohol and cigarettes, you get rejected and called 'weak' or 'a girl.' Now it doesn't bother me, I defend my choice, and sometimes people agree with me." Vlad
"ACET has had such an influence on me. I changed my views on my personal life and started seeing girls not as sex objects but as something else." Danik


How a Carpet Cleaner Works
How a Carpet Cleaner Works
How Do Carpet Cleaners Work?
carpet cleaner, also known as a carpet extractor or carpet shampooer, is designed to remove deeply embedded dirt and stains in carpets. For optimal results, the machines work as follows: Users pretreat the carpet by spraying it with a cleaning solution and letting it soak in, or dwell, for about 15 minutes. Then, operators use the carpet cleaner, which pumps water into the carpet and extracts the dirty, soapy fluid with a high-powered vacuum. Some units include components to heat the rinse water, others don't.
Carpet cleaners are sometimes referred to as "steam carpet cleaners," "carpet steam cleaners," or even "steam cleaners." True steam cleaners use dry vapor steam, which is ineffective for general-purpose carpet cleaning.
In general, carpet cleaners come in configurations that allow the user to clean with a large wand. Walk-behind carpet cleaners offer wide cleaning paths for greater efficiency when cleaning large areas. The XTreme Power XPC-12000 Carpet Cleaner. In addition to carpets, optional attachments for carpet cleaners allow the machines to be used for other soft surfaces, such as upholstery, wall partitions, and curtains.
Key Components of a Carpet Cleaner
This component generates the pressure that injects the water into the carpet. Pump pressure levels generally range from 60 pounds per square inch (psi) to 500 psi.
The vacuum in the carpet cleaner extracts dirty water and cleaning solution from the carpet and empties it into an extraction tank. Vacuums are driven by motors that come in a variety of configurations, including: single 2-stage motors, two 3-stage motors, and three 2-stage motors. For optimum performance, choose a motor with at least two stages.
The power of a vacuum motor is commonly measured in airflow (cubic feet per minute, or CFM) and water lift (inches). Airflow refers to the movement of air through the machine and typically ranges from 100 to more than 200 CFM. Water lift measures the suction strength of the vacuum and typically ranges from 100 to more than 250 inches.
Solution Tanks:
These tanks hold the rinse water. Typically, solution tanks range in size from 4.5 gallons to 17 gallons.
Recovery Tanks:
These tanks hold extracted dirt, cleaning chemicals, and water. Typically, recovery tanks range in size from 4.5 gallons to 15 gallons.
Heating Unit:
This component heats the rinse water to temperatures as high as 210ºF in as little as three minutes. Heating elements can range from single tank-heating models, which heat water in the solution tank, to double inline heating elements, which heat water as it exits the machine.
Carpet cleaners usually come with a large floor wand. The wand can range in width from 10 inches to 12 inches and include one or two jets for dispensing and extracting fluids. Upholstery and stair wands are available as options. Vacuum and cleaning solution hoses come in a variety of lengths and can be ordered in custom lengths.
Tips for Using a Carpet Cleaner
 - Before using the carpet cleaner, vacuum the carpet thoroughly and then apply a cleaning solution, like Daimer's Eco-Green® Carpet Care. The chemicals help dissolve grease and oils so that the final cleaning extracts even more dirt.
 - Use heated water on stained and heavily soiled synthetics. When used with a cleaning chemical, a heated carpet cleaner can remove stains such as ketchup, coffee, wine, pet urine, and ink.
 - Do not use heated water on natural fibers, like wool, which can shrink or suffer other kinds of damage at high temperatures.
Related Daimer Links:
Buyer's Guide to Carpet Cleaners.
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How to use a carpet cleaner.
Steam Cleaners FAQ.
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Religious Genius
Appreciating Inspiring Individuals Across Traditions
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Alon Goshen-Gottstein
 - London, England:
 Palgrave Macmillan
 , July
 196 pages.
 For other formats: Link to Publisher's Website.
This book sets forth a new area in the study of extraordinary individuals in religious traditions. It develops the category of "Religious Genius" as an alternative to existing categories, primarily "saint." It constructs a model by which to appreciate these individuals, suggesting key characteristics such as love, humility, and self-surrender. Religious geniuses transform their traditions and their legacies endure through these very transformations. They also inspire changes across religious boundaries and traditions. The study of religious geniuses in various faith traditions therefore advances interfaith engagement today. The book complements existing, primarily historical, studies of saints by offering a phenomenological approach that seeks to touch the subjectivity of these individuals, and how they have affected the unfolding of their religious traditions.
Alon Goshen-Gottstein is the Executive Director of the Elijah Interfaith Institute, Israel.


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8. Amangkurat IV / Sunan Prabu (_PHONE_ M)
9. Paku Buwana II (_PHONE_ M)
10. Paku Buwana III 1749 M promoted by VOC.
11. Sultan Agung
Pajang and Mataram Islam Kingdom was very limited. The source was part of chronicle text, or oral tradition. The source was also from Portuguese in 16th and beginning of 17th century and only partly touch events on littoral areas, whether trading or about kingdoms. Therefore, mostly Mataram history source was only based on domestic source.


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| < January >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Sobral in January is hot at 26.7 °C (80.06 °F).
- Afternoons can be very, very hot with average high temperatures reaching 33.8 °C (92.8 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally fairly hot with an average low of 23.6 °C (74.5 °F).
- In January there is a variation/ range of daily average temperatures of 10.2 °C (18.4 °F).
- The weather in January is not exactly parched. Circa 101.6mm (4in) of H2Ois dumped.
- The shortest day is 12:16 long and the longest day is 12:19 long with an average length of 12:18.
Check the distance to and compare the Sobral January averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for January in Sobral, Brazil
Navigate to January Weather in Locations Surrounding Sobral:


Egg Eating in Chicken
a) Egg breakage. This is one of the main reasons hens begin eating eggs. Reducing or eliminating egg breakage minimizes the chances your hens will get the taste of raw egg. Overcrowding: The recommended space per bird in the coop and run is 4 square foot per bird if they are not able to free range. If you can free range, the space allotment is not quite so important since they have the outside to explore.
b) Not enough nest boxes: There should be a minimum of one nest box for every four hens. Too few boxes means that everyone will use the same boxes and eggs may get damaged by treading, rolling etc. If they break open- a hen is going to eat the contents.
c) Lack of water: Hens have been known to crack eggs if they are thirsty. Ensure clean, fresh water is always available.
d) Hunger: Not enough feed available to the hens. A free feeding' policy should ensure this doesn't happen. A good quality 16-18% protein feed should be sufficient during the laying season, unless the bird is molting, in which case, higher protein content is needed.
e) Unbalanced diet: If the hen has an imbalance in her diet, she will try to correct it. If there is not enough protein available, egg eating is one way to supplement the diet with protein.
f) Boredom: Hens get into mischief when they are bored! Try to keep them occupied, if they free range, you likely won't have a problem. If they are confined, you need to offer other activities to keep them busytetherball, scratching etc.
g) Too much light. Hens like a darkened, private area in which to lay their eggs. Try to cut down the light by using curtains or dimming lights. If the hen can't see the egg, she won't peck at it.
h) Stress: Stressed hens tend to pick and pluck moreeggs, feathers etc. To avoid stressing her while on the nest, don't be rummaging around under her looking for eggs. Let her lay in peace.
i) Inexperienced hens: Hens new to laying can often produce eggs with weak or thin shells. Sometimes these will crack on impact and the hen will sample the goods. Curiosity is a hen trademark!
2. Egg-Eating Habit correction
Practicing the egg breakage preventions mentioned above may be all it takes to stop your hens from eating eggs, even if they've already started. Other things you can do to put a stop to egg eating is to take steps to lower stress.
Avoid bright lighting near the nesting boxes. Don't disturb hens in the nests.Make sure you have enough space for each hen in the coop. Enough nesting boxes. Provide at least one 12-inch-square nest for every 4 or 5 hens in the flock, and never fewer than six nesting boxes. Nesting boxes should be positioned at least 2 feet off the ground and at least 4 feet from the roosts. Keep fresh feed and water available at all times.Set up a second feeding station if one hen is bullying the others by guarding a single feeding station.If possible, provide hens with space outdoors to roam or at least a run with fresh grass and bugs.Finely crushed egg shells can be fed back to the hens, but make sure the shells are not recognizable as eggshells. Calcium in the form of oyster shell should be given as a side dish.Always ensure that if you find a broken egg to clean up every last speck of it. Change the bedding out too. Keep at least 2 inches of clean, dry nesting material (shavings or straw) in the nest boxes at all times.Relocate any broody hens, which cause congestion in the nesting boxes.Keep eggshells strong by feeding a calcium supplement—usually sold as oyster shells—in a free-choice feeder.Feed your chickens a complete feed specifically designed for laying hens.Collect eggs early. Collecting eggs early in the day leaves less time for breakage and egg eating. Most hens are finished laying eggs by 10 a.m.
3. Extreme Cures for Egg-Eating Hens
If you have one hen who's determined to eat eggs despite all these tips, consider culling her from the flock. She'll just pass on the bad behavior to the other hens, and then you'll have a real problem on your hands.
If you'd rather not cull the hen, you are down to a few extreme measures you can take:
Buy roll-away nesting boxes. When the hen lays an egg, the egg rolls out of the nesting box and the hen can't reach it.Place golf balls in the nests. In theory, the hens will tire of pecking these "eggs."Fill an eggshell with mustard, which chickens hate. Make a small hole at the ends of an egg and blow out the contents. Replace the content with yellow mustard. Place the mustard-filled egg in the nesting box. Clip the offending hen's beak. This sounds worse than it is. Trim only the tip of the beak. Just like your fingernail or a cat's claw, the beak contains live tissue; cutting too far causes bleeding and pain.
Seed your nest box with wooden eggs. You might try replacing eggs in your nests with golf balls or wooden eggs. Instead of being rewarded for their pecking with a delicious treat, they'll get a whole lot of nothing, which will disincentive egg eating, over time.
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Emily Morgan and Karen Ansberry, authors of the popular Picture-Perfect Science Lessons Series, led a lively group of teachers in exploring classroom strategies and lessons that combine science with reading in the elementary grades. The Picture-Perfect Science
Preconference Workshop at the New Orleans NSTA Area Conference included activities highlighting reading strategies like making connections, questioning, visualizing, determining importance, and synthesizing. Morgan and Ansberry focused also on the powerful BSCS 5E lesson model, which Morgan credited with transforming her science teaching. In the engage phase of one lesson, workshop participants heard Morgan read Marla Frazee's children's book Roller Coaster and shared their own experiences with riding a roller coaster. During the explore phase, they tested ways to change the speed and direction of a rolling object by building roller coasters out of pipe insulation. From exploring mystery objects inside small film canisters, to configuring a loop-to-loop for a model roller coaster and utilizing key reading strategies, the workshop participants shared some laughs while learning new ways to combine reading and science in engaging lessons for students in grades 3-6. On a picture-perfect day in New Orleans, these workshop participants and their facilitators departed the session with new insights and strategies for transforming their own classrooms for science learning. To read more about Picture-Perfect Science and clever ways to combine science learning with reading, download the PDF "Why Read Picture Books in Science Class?", a free e-book containing the introductory five chapters of Picture-Perfect Science Lessons, 2nd Edition.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Karyalaya meaning in English
Meaning of "Karyalaya" karyalaya voice image
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office, workplace office, workplace voice image
Get English meaning of word 'karyalaya'. Know Karyalaya in English. Get the translation of karyalaya in English language. Know the answer of question: What is the meaning of karyalaya in English language? You will find the English word for Nepali word 'karyalaya'. You can use this Nepali word in your daily life. Karyalaya is a Nepali word.


Michael Gearon
text-shadow in CSS
Michael Gearon
Last updated on
The text-shadow property is a way to apply shadow to each letter, where the box-shadow property is applied to the boundaries of the element.
The values of the text-shadow property are:
 1. offset-x
 2. offset-y
 3. blur radius
 4. colour
As an example:
text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black;
This would set the text shadow as having 1 pixel offset on the y and x axis with a 2 pixel blur and a colour of black. It is also possible to define multiple shadows by comma seperating:
text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black, 0 0 1em blue, 0 0 0.2em blue;
It is also possible to use HSLa and RGBa values for the colour so you can have transparent text-shadows, as an example:
 and offset-y
These two values are require, the offset x and y specifies the distance from the text. The offset-y sets the vertical distance, if the value is positive the shadow appears below the text and if the value is negative the shadow is placed above the text. The offset-x is the horizontal distance, if the value is positive then the shadow appears to the right of the text, if negative the shadow appears to the left of the text. If both values are 0 then the shadow would be directly behind the text.
An optional value is the colour. If no colour is set then up to the user agent to determine the colour of the shadow. The value of the colour can be place before or after the offset values in the property.
An optional value of how much the colour is blurred. By default it is 0, the higher the value the large the blur.
Browser support
At time of writing the text-shadow property is supported in all major browsers without browser prefix. It is supported by IE 10 and up, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and all other browsers. Safari 5.1 does require the colour to be defined for the shadow. Opera Mini ignores the blur-radius value so no blur effect is visible.
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Michael Gearon
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Michael Gearon


text:
Famous tree-lined French Canal du Midi in danger of losing all its trees
The 42,000 plane trees lining France's historic Canal du Midi are being felled because of a fungus brought to Europe by US soldiers in World War II. Will the planes that decorate the streets of cities such as Paris and London share the same fate?
Story from PRI's The World. Listen to the above audio for a full report.
It's noon in the farmlands outside Toulouse, but the light on the Canal du Midi is dim, almost like twilight.
The deep shade is created by the leafy branches of huge plane trees that tower above both banks, and arch across the water creating a dense canopy.
It's an exquisitely beautiful scene. And one that runs the length of the canal on its 150 mile course from Toulouse to the port of Sete on the Mediterranean.
It was five years ago that Jacques Noisette realized something was wrong.
"In the spring of 2006, I began to notice that some of the plane trees were dying," says Mr Noisette, who works for the French government agency that manages the canal.
"Their new leaves should have been opening up, but they weren't. We asked ourselves why."
Specialists soon identified the deadly fungus, Ceratocystis platani, for which there is no apparent cure.
"Even a small scratch or cut on a plane tree is enough for the fungus to get inside and attack. It thrives deep in the tree trunk," says Mr Noisette. "Within three to five years the tree is fully infected. There's nothing we can do except cut the trees down, and burn them on the spot."
Researchers say the trees must be felled before they die. Otherwise they could fall on boaters, who travel along the canal - spreading the fungus as they go.
"We know the fungus travels through the canal water," says Mr Noisette. "The trees can get infected when boats scrape up against the roots. Or when uninformed boaters tie-off their boats to the plane trees themselves."
French agronomist Andre Vigouroux, who has been studying the fungus for years, says it's been traced to the munition boxes American soldiers brought over to Europe in World War II, which were made from North American plane trees.
It's been spreading through Europe, from Italy, and Steve Woodward from the University of Aberdeen, says it is likely eventually to kill the planted planes that line the streets of cities such as London, Paris and Berlin.
"There really are millions of these trees planted in non-native areas.
"We are talking about a massive disaster if the disease continues to spread," he says.
Along the canal tree-felling has begun - 1,000 trees were cut down last winter, 2,000 more will be felled in the coming months.
It will take years to clear all 42,000 of them, but once the trees have gone, so may the two million tourists who visit the canal every year.
"It is so hot in the Midi that it would just change it totally without the trees," says retired British tourist Graham Barley, who has been travelling up the canal from the Mediterranean in a wooden houseboat.
His wife Linda agrees. "In practical terms, it would make cruising between noon and 4pm unbearable," she says, even in September.
The Canal du Midi wasn't originally designed for pleasure boats.
Completed in 1681, it was designed to link up with another waterway further west - now known as the Canal de Garonne - to allow merchants to move between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, without having to sail around Spain and Portugal. The sea route was long and arduous, and ships could fall victim to storms and pirates.
The plane trees were a later addition, planted in the 1830s in part to provide shade to those using the waterway.
UNESCO declared the canal a world heritage site in 1996, saying it had "provided the model for the flowering of technology that led directly to the Industrial Revolution and the modern technological age". To retain this status, however, France will have to replant the trees it chops down.
So that's the plan. To replant a variety of trees where the plane trees now stand. Trees with strong root systems to maintain the canal banks, and with thick leaves to create shade.
And ironically, given that American GIs brought the fungus to Europe in the first place, among the new trees to replace the old are 7,000 disease-resistant plane trees - all the way from Mississippi.
Whether colder parts of Europe will be able to use the Mississippi strain to replant any planes they lose in the future, is as yet unknown.
PRI's "The World" is a one-hour, weekday radio news magazine offering a mix of news, features, interviews, and music from around the globe. "The World" is a co-production of the BBC World Service, PRI and WGBH Boston. More about The World.


text:
Regional Transport Coordination Centre
The Regional Transport Coordination Centre (RTCC) helps us manage disruptions to our network. It's a hub for:
- Transport for West Midlands
- transport operators
- emergency services
- local authorities
The RTCC lets us work together in one place.
Demand for travel will increase as the region's population continues to grow. We are upgrading infrastructure to help meet demand.
Sometimes this means disruption to roads and public transport as we make changes.
The RTCC operates 24 hours a day. It has live data feeds and CCTV to monitor the transport network. This includes public transport and roads.
When things go wrong, the RTCC helps people get around the network using:
- social media
- information on our website
- text message and email alerts
- real-time information screens at bus stops
We also have a system that collects information about disruptions. The system feeds the information to navigation apps like Google Maps.
The RTCC can talk directly to transport operators to warn them about disruptions. It also warns people about planned disruptions in advance.
Investment in the RTCC
West Midlands Combined Authority has funded the RTCC to:
- improve roads and junctions in the region
- monitor journey times
- provide alerts if congestion builds
- connect traffic lights and CCTV to the RTCC
- find new ways of telling people about travel disruptions
- use new technology at traffic lights to make them more efficient
The RTCC uses technology to understand the transport network's performance. This helps us respond better when things go wrong.


The Making of "The Birth of Venus" Digital Art
The Making of
In this tutorial you will learn how to make 3d objects, easy and fast and integrate them in a photo manipulation. We will make grids and meshes using them in a very unique way to obtain a very colorful and visually impressive artwork.
The Making of "The Birth of Venus" Digital Art Photoshop Tutorial
Preview of Final Results
Getting the stock-images
As I was saying before the most important thing in a landscape photo manipulation is the right stock, so pick it carefuly. I've chosed the folowing stock:
Step 1
Open the first picture from the cosmos pack and place it in the left upper corner.
Step 2
Create a new layer. Select the brush tool smooth edges and paint some of the areas like in the image below. You can find the colors code next to the image.
Step 3
Open the next cosmos picture and place it in the right. Create a layer mask and eraseall th edges with a black brush with smooth edges.
Step 4
Open the third cosmos picture and place it at the bottom of the file. We just need the little planet from this one since we are going to put the earth there.
Step 5
Now press CTRL+J and duplicate this layer so the little planet should be in the left.
Step 6
This is it with the cosmos background for now, so let's create the earth. Open a new file. We are going to use a lot of stock pictures for this one so open the first two ones and place them like in the picture below.
Step 7
Open the next two pictures and place them like I did in the image below.
Step 8
Now create a mask for the sea picture and erase with a black brush all the edges.
Step 9
Open the cliff image and place it in the left corner, then got o the thitd image that we have opened and CTRL+J it and flip it horizontaly. We just need the bottom part from this picture.
Step 10
Create masks for this 2 new layers and erase all the edges.
Step 11
Create a new layer and fill it with light blue. Create a maks and erase some of the parts like in the image.
Step 12
Merge all the layers by pressing CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+E. Then go to File-Transform-Warp. Watch the picture below to see how to use the warp correctly.
Step 13
Drag the earth into the cosmos file. Place it like in the image. Create a mask and erase the top edges.
Step 14
Create a new layer. Load some cosmos brushes. You can fiind lots of greath brushes here or you can create your own brushes. Now place some stars in the lighter areas. This is a matter of taste so place as many as you wish.
Step 15
Next got o Filter-Render-Difference clouds. Create a mask and erase all the parts that are just to much - so the image will lock lighter.
Step 16
Cut the model out. Select a basic brush and paint some glitter next to her eye.
Step 17
Now we must create an action for the mesh wing. First draw a line similar to the one in the image below on a new layer. (1.) Then start recording the following things: Duplicate the line layer (press CTRL+J) and then transform the line (CTRL+T) by rotating the second line like in the image below (2.) After you're done with this stop the action.
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Views:0 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-09-17 Origin:Site
Mud technology in trenchless construction
If the blade foot is slightly larger than its size corresponding to the outer diameter of the pipe, it is possible to reduce the frictional resistance of the outer wall of the pipe. This prevents the upper layer from directly pressing on the tube body. As long as the soil is hard enough, this method will achieve the desired effect. And if the supporting medium is pressed into the gap formed between the pipe and the soil layer, the effectiveness of this method can be greatly improved, and it can be maintained for a certain period of time, which is enough to push into a relatively long pipeline. While supporting the excavation jacking pipe, the supporting medium can also serve as a lubricant to reduce friction.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I came across a recipe for buttermilk yeast bread which includes:
pinch of ginger (helps activate the yeast)
I tried searching around for more information about that, and the best I came up with was this "ask a scientist" question which suggests that it's some unknown compound(s) that somehow affect the yeast's growth - and that cinnamon inhibits it.
Does anyone have any more information? How strong is the effect? Are there any other things which similarly affect yeast growth?
share|improve this question
Dextrous malt or malted barley increases gluten formation without extra yeast. With regards to ginger I don't know. – justkt Feb 12 '11 at 17:21
3 Answers 3
up vote 13 down vote accepted
From Cookwise, there's a table given from Wright, Bice and Fogelberg's "The Effect of Spices on Yeast Fermentation" from Cereal Chemistry, March 1954. where amount is the grams of the given spice with 2 grams of sugar and 1 gram of yeast in 30 ml of water, and the change in yeast activity is measured in ml of gas increase in 3 hrs. Here's the section for ginger:
Amount Change in Yeast Activity
0.1 + 87
0.75 +172
1.0 +136
2.0 + 72
Of course, cinnamon shows an even larger increase at the 0.1 gram addition (+103), it just starts hindering at larger increments.
update : and to answer the second part of the question; Cookwise only listed a few additives (cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, dry mustard, nutmeg, and thyme), and they weren't all tested in the same amounts; the only two that were inhibiters were cinnamon in larger amounts, and dry mustard (for which they only had one point). It's possible that there was more in the original article, as the lead-in to the table said "The accompanying table shows the effects of some of these spices".
share|improve this answer
Very interesting--and I would note that the ginger appears to hinder production at higher volumes like cinnamon does. I wonder if what the spices at low volumes are adding is digestible free amino nitrogen or some kind of fatty acid--both of which are great yeast nutrients--but at larger volumes their other constituents come into play. – bikeboy389 Feb 15 '11 at 15:51
_USER_: they don't have enough data points. The benefit decreases for the amounts they tested, but it's not a hinderance in the amounts tested, where the yeast actually produced less gas. (which occured at 1g of cinnamon added, and 0.25g of mustard) – Joe Feb 15 '11 at 16:27
I don't think the Ginger helps activate the yeast. In fact, ginger has anti-fungal properties, and as yeast is a very simple fungus, it seems very unlikely to particularly thrive in the presence of ginger.
I don't think it's reputed to be outright bad for yeast like cinnamon is, but it is supposed to kill other fungi.
I also looked into the chemical components of yeast nutrients for brewing (baking and brewing yeast being so similar as the be almost indistinguishable in most uses), and couldn't find anything listed as a desirable nutrient that matched up to what ginger brings to the table.
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I did expect someone might say "that's an old wives' tale; it doesn't do anything," but I wasn't expecting it to be harmful to the yeast! Interesting! – Jefromi Feb 14 '11 at 21:40
Yeast grows at an exponential rate until its fermentation poisons catch up with it and start inhibiting growth. Ginger acts as a buffering agent in small quantities. Very small quantities. A buffering agent controls the pH of the dough. As long as the dough pH remains within a certain range, yeast will continue to grow at an exponential rate. The effect of small amounts of ginger added to the dough can shorten rise time approximately 50 percent. it also improves the quality of the rise, giving smaller, more consistently sized bubbles. The key here is very small quantities. I never use more than a pinch, added to the initial proofing of the yeast mixture.
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From strawberries to lentils: Canada's diversity in food production & the challenge of self-reliance
 - Jun 23, 2020
 - 2.5 min read
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated discussion around the supply source of food. For many agriculture products, Canada produces significantly more than we can eat - and we became a net exporter of food in 2019. But we're also accustomed to eating fresh fruit and vegetables year-round. As a result, trade is and will continue to be an essential component of the Canadian agri-food supply chain.
Building an index to measure reliance on trade
A trade dependence ratio measures the Canadian agri-food industry's dependence on trade using net imports and exports relative to overall consumption.
A value of 0 means Canada is self-reliant, as domestic production equals consumption (Figure 1). Negative values mean Canada is a net importer, while positive values record a net exporting position.
For example:
 - A value of -2 means that Canada's net imports are two times larger than what it produces.
 - Conversely, a value of +2 means that Canada's net exports are two times larger than what it consumes.
As expected, Canada is self-reliant in supply-managed sectors where the ratios are near 0.
Figure 1: Trade dependence ratio
Chart showing trade dependence ratio Source: Statistics Canada
Strong net exports and a few dominant net imports
 - Canada's production of fresh strawberries and asparagus does not meet the overall consumption needs with a trade ratio of -7.5 and -3.15, respectively.
 - We have an excess supply of pork, lentils and maple sugar as the ratio is much larger than the zero threshold.
 - Products under supply management have a ratio near zero, which is most often negative as we import products more than we export.
A net import position can represent an opportunity. Canada's lamb and mutton sector have grown cash receipts 32% over the last ten years. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the sector's profitability hard, but Canada's overall demographic trends and food preferences are positive long-term trends for the industry. Net importing positions can also highlight difficulties challenging other producing countries' dominant supplier positions given climate conditions and costs.
Net export positions cannot be taken for granted. Trade restrictions are a major risk, especially in current times of uncertainty. Food export restrictions implemented during the 2008-09 global recession or recently by Russia and Argentina can have unintended consequences. It can create significant commodity price spikes and lead import-dependent countries to promote their food systems at the expense of imports. Trade restrictions then have an overall negative impact on large food exporters like us.
The Canadian food supply chain is reliant on trade. A key risk to our exports and food affordability, is the potential that trade barriers impede the free flow of goods around the world. A strong global economic rebound should keep the demand for Canadian food vibrant globally.
James Bryan
Senior Relationship Manager
James joined FCC as an Agricultural Economics Analyst in 2011 and is now a Senior Relationship Manager in Thornton, Ontario. He also runs a small farm operation with his family. James completed a BSc in Environmental Science and a Masters of Agricultural Economics at the University of Guelph.


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Definition of adenylate cyclase in English:
noun[mass noun] Biochemistry
An enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic adenylic acid from adenosine triphosphate.
- The cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase, and that enzyme is activated by phosphorylated IIA Glc.
- The response of cells to the binding of glucagon to its cell surface receptor is the activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is associated with the receptor.
- When epinephrine contacts a cell membrane, it triggers the allosteric activation of adenylate cyclase, the enzyme that creates cAMP. cAMP then allosterically activates a protein kinase.
Definition of adenylate cyclase in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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The term "Factories" comes from the factory design pattern. Factories are objects which can create new instances of certain types of Entities. Factories provide the following benefits:
 1. Entities created in a factory will automatically be added to screen lists (by default).
 2. Factories provide a standard way to create entities which is especially useful for systems like Tiled to instantiate new entities.
 3. Factories can pool Entities which can greatly reduce allocated memory for Entities which are created and destroyed frequently.
If your game requires the creation of entities in code (such as the player shooting bullets or enemies appearing at an enemy spawn point), then you will want to use factories.
Quick Usage Example
To use a factory in Glue:
 1. Create or select an existing entity
 2. Select the Quick Action tab
 3. Click the Add Player Factory button. Your button may have a different text matching your selected Entity's name.
 1. If you do not see this, your entity may already have a factory. To check this, look at the properties tab for your entity and find the Created by Other Entities property. If it's true, you already have a factory.
 4. Click Add Player List to GameScreen. Note that if your main screen is not titled GameScreen, then you will need to manually add a list to the desired screen. A screen must exist in your current screen or the created entities will not have their CustomActivity methods called.
 5. In any code, such as in GameScreen or any other entity, create a Player instance using the CreateNew method as shown in the following code:
 void CustomInitialize()
 var player = Factories.PlayerFactory.CreateNew(x: 50, y: 100);
 // perform any additional modifications to the player here
For a tutorial on how to use factories, see the Created by Other Entities tutorial page.
Factories Generated by Glue
Glue will automatically generate factories for any entity which has its Created by Other Entities property set to true.
For information on this property, see the CreatedByOtherEntities page.


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This article will walk you through how to log into the SpamTitan dashboard. This will provide you access to your SPAM settings and message quarantine.
1. Using your email credentials, log into the following URL: _URL_
2. If you have Domain Administrator access to your account, you may be prompted to select the access level. Click User to view your personal quarantine and settings.
3. Upon logging into your User account, you will be presented with your Spam Filter Quarantine.
4. Checking the box for one or more messages in the quarantine will allow you to Release the message, Whitelist the sender of the message, or Delete the message from the quarantine. Alternatively you can click on a message to open it in a Quarantine mail viewer window.
5. The Quarantine mail viewer window provides the following options:
- Details - This tab shows the details of the message, including the From and Envelope From addresses, Recipient, Subject, information about its origin and about its classification.
- View Message - This tab shows the content of the message as well as a link to show the Headers containing the full details of the message route.
- View Source - This tab shows the HTML source for the message headers, formatting, and body contents.
- Options - This tab includes links allowing you to Release the message to your mailbox, Whitelist the sender of the message, or Delete the message from the quarantine.


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A Description of the energy levels and electric quadrupole transitions of the 92Nb and 92Mo nuclei using nuclear shell model
In current study,92Nb and 92Mo isotopes have been determined for calculating energy levels and electric quadrupole transition probabilities. These isotopes have different model spaces (1g9/2,1g7/2) for one proton and (2d5/2, 1g7/2, 3s1/2, 2d3/2 and 1h11/2 ) for one neutron of 92Nb nucleus while (1g9/2, 1g7/2) orbits for two protons of 92Mo nucleus.Two interaction have been applied in this study which are surface delta and modified surface delta interactions. The calculations have been achieved by using appropriate effective charges for proton and neutron as well as parameter length of harmonic potential. Computed results have been compared with the experimental values. After this comparison, the energy values and the transition probabilities have shown good agreement with the experimental values, it has also found that the values of the total angular momentum and parity are determined and confirmed for some of the experimental energies, undetermined and unconfirmed experimentally. Theoretically, new values of quadrupole electric transition probabilities have been explored which have not been known in the experimental data.


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Ganthel was a planet located in the galaxy's Core Worlds. It was an industrial world, with many shipyards and loading docks. A species of beetles known as night-beetles inhabited Ganthel's outback. The slaver group Kotaska operated on the planet until the Galactic Empire arrived and clear away Ganthel's scum.
- "Orientation"—Star Wars Insider 157 (Mentioned only)
- A New Dawn (First mentioned)
- "The Levers of Power"—The Rise of the Empire (Mentioned only) (Misspelled as "Ganthal")
- Aftermath: Life Debt (Mentioned only)
- Aftermath: Empire's End (Mentioned only)
- Join the Resistance (Mentioned only)


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Given a matrix A of size N such that it has only one 0, Find the number to be placed in place of the 0 such that sum of the numbers in every row, column and two diagonals become equal.
Note: Diagonals should be only of the form A[i][i] and A[i][N-i-1]. If there is a matrix of size 1, with an element 0, then print 1.
First line contains the test cases, T. Then T test cases follow. Each test case contains a single integer N which represents the number of rows and columns of the matrix. Then in the next line are N*N space separated of the matrix A.
Display the number in place of 0 if possible, otherwise display -1. If there is a matrix of size 1, with an element 0, then print 1.
5 5 5 0
1 2 0 3 1 2 2 3 1
(i)In the first test case the matrix is
Therefore If we place 5 instead of 0, all the element of matrix will become 5. Therefore row 5+5=10, column 5+5=10 and diagonal 5+5=10, all are equal.
(ii)Second sample, it is not possible to insert an element in place of 0 so that the condition is satisfied.thus result is -1.
If you have purchased any course from GeeksforGeeks then please ask your doubt on course discussion forum. You will get quick replies from GFG Moderators there.


text: An integrated modeling system is developed to simulate the far-field dispersions of concentrate discharges along the Saudi coast of the Red Sea. It comprises the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model for simulating the atmospheric circulations, the MIT general circulation model (MITgcm) for simulating the large-scale ocean conditions, and the Connectivity Modeling System (CMS) for tracking particle pathways. We use the system outputs and remote sensing altimetry data to study and analyze the atmospheric and oceanic conditions along the Saudi coast of the Red Sea and to conduct particle tracking experiments. The model simulations show distinctive patterns of seasonal variations in both the atmospheric conditions and the large-scale ocean circulation in the Red Sea, which are also reflected in the salinity and temperature distributions along the Saudi coast. The impact of this seasonality on the far-field dispersion of concentrate discharges are illustrated in seasonal dispersion scenarios with discharging outfalls located at the northern, central and southern Saudi coasts of the Red Sea.


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Presentation on theme: "Webcutter Estimated time required: 40 min"— Presentation transcript:
1 Webcutter Estimated time required: 40 min GUI familiarity level required: LowerMSC.ADAMS 2005 r2
2 Topics Covered Save/Export Start Adams Rotate Parts In this tutorial, you will learn how to:Save/ExportRotate PartsAdd 2 Body, 2 Location Revolution JointSave Assembled ModelModify Material PropertiesMeasure Torque, Bearing Force, CM angular Acceleration/VelocityMeasure Angle With Respect to GroundExport Data to ExcelCreate A step FunctionStart AdamsChange Grid Size and SpacingSet material PropertiesCreate Extruded PartModify PartRenameModify ViewCreate MarkerAdd Revolute JointAdd Rotational joint MotionVerify ModelRun SimluationYou will need to download "link_geometry.zip" file to complete this tutorialIf you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_shortcut_1.cmd" file and proceed from pg 18If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_shortcut_2.cmd" file and proceed from pg 21If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_shortcut_3.cmd" file and proceed from pg 26If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_shortcut_4.cmd" file and proceed from pg 34If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_complete.cmd" file and proceed from pg 25
3 Problem TitleB4B3A2O4O2This tutorial will describe in depth how to use ADAMS to determine the torque of the motor, bearing forces, and the angular position, velocity, and acceleration of the links for the given problem.Links are 2cm thick and made out of Al Link 2 is rotating at a rate of 60 rpm CCW.
4 What You Should Accomplish If you are successful, you should end up with a simple working webcutter model that illustrates bearing force, motor torque and angular velocity/acceleration of your model.
5 Create New Model Getting Started: a. Under the heading "How would you like to proceed", select the Create a new model radio button.b. Choose a Location to save your filesc. Set Model Name as Webcutterd. Verify the Gravity text field is set to Earth Normal (-Global Y).e. Verify that the Units text field is set to MKS - m,kg,N,s,deg.f. Select OK.abcdef
6 Change Working Grid Settings To edit the grid size:Click Settings menu, select Working Grid…The Working Grid Settings window will appearChange the Spacing text fields in X and Y to (10mm)Click OKClick View Coordinate Window (F4)abdcNote: you should see a denser set of dots on your screen
7 Set Material Properties A new window will appear, enter:Name:.Webcutter.Al6063Young Modulus: 214e6Poissons Ratio: 0.33Density: 2710Click OKClick Build Menu Materials NewabcNote: If the density is not set the simulation will not run properly
8 Create Extruded PartRight click on Rigid body tool stack, select Extrusion toolEnter 0.02 in the Length text fieldSelect Backward from Path: drop down menuClick points origin (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) (0.15, ) (0.15, 0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), right-click to closeadcbNote: When using a command the bar on the bottom will tell you what to do and you can always exit a command by pressing the Esc key
9 Change ViewRight Click in the workspace and Select Iso or Press Shift+I to view an isometric view.aVarious other options and their shortcut keys are available in this menu. Spend some time experimenting with them and then return to the front view (Shift+F)
10 Rename Right-Click on part, select Part: PART_2 Rename Enter.model_1.link_2 in New Name text fieldClick OKbcaRename the Marker at the origin to.model_1.O2
11 Modify Extrusion Points Right-click on the triangle, select Extrusion: Extrusion_1 Modify.Click next to Profile Points text fieldClick Read button next to FileBrowse the directory for the file link2.txtClick OpenClick OKadbgecfNote: By starting our Triangle at the origin and normalizing the points about O2 for link 2, the origin and O2 coincide.
12 Create a MarkerRight click on Rigid body tool stack, select Marker toolSelect Add to Part from Marker pull down menuSelect Global XY from Orientation pull down menuClick Part_2 (0.04, 0.0, 0.0)Rename Marker.model_1.A2abcdNote: This is why the links were rotated to make OA horizontal for the input files.
13 Add Revolute Joint Right click Joint tool stack, select Revolute joint Select 1 Location from Construction pull down menuClick on point link_2.O2abc
14 Add MotionRight Click on Motion Driver tool stack, select Rotational Joint MotionEnter (360D) in Speed text fieldClick JOINT_1acb
15 Verify Your Modela. In the lower right corner of the modeling window, right-click on the Information icon.b. Click on the Verification icon. abThe Info Window appearsc. After seeing that the model has verified successfully,d. click on the Close buttondcNote: The model verification step is one way to find errors in the model definition. ADAMS checks for error conditions such as misaligned joints, unconstrained parts, or massless parts in dynamic systems, and alerts you to other possible problems in the model.
16 Run a Simulation How to simulate the model: Click on the Simulation tool in the Toolbox.Select Duration from pull down menuEnter 2Select Step Size from pull down menuEnter 0.01Click on the Play button. If everything has been done correctly the bar should complete one revolution.acdbb
17 Save DatabaseSave your database by Click File Save Database, and select no for a backup copyaTo export a.cmd fileClick File ExportSelect ADAMS/View Command File from File Type pull down menuEnter a File nameClick OKcdbe
18 Create Part 2Create another extruded triangle, with thickness = 0.2, using points:(0.04, 0.0, 0.0) (0.3, 0.0, 0.0) (0.25, -0.15, 0.0)Modify Extrusion points using list3.txtRename the part to link_3Create Marker at Point (0.32,0.0,0.0), rename it B3Create a revolute joint between link_2 and link_3de
19 Revolve PartClick anywhere on Link 3. Notice that everything is highlighted and there is a green handle at the end of the y axis on the coordinate located at A2.Click on this handle and drag left. This causes Link 3 to rotate about that point. Let Link 3 in this position for now so it is out of the way.ba
20 Verify and Simulate Verify you model Run a simulation: Duration = 2.0, Step Size = 0.01 ba
21 Create Marker Create Marker on the ground at point (0.26, -0.04, 0.0) Rename it O4a
22 Create Part 4Draw another triangle with the Extrusion tool this time with the first point at O4. Repeat the previous steps and read in Link4.txt to correct the shape.Create a marker on link 4 at position (0.66, -4.0E-002, 0.0), rename it B4Add a Revolute Joint between link 4 and Ground, at O4.bc
23 Create Joint between Part 3 and 4 Rotate link_4 so that points B3 and B4 are closeClick the revolute joint toolSelect 2 Bod-2 Loc from Construction pull down menuClick link_4 link_3 (point) B4 (point) B3dbca
24 Rendering Model Click View Render Mode Smooth Shaded (This can also be done by using the shortcut keys or Shift )a
25 Save Assembled ModelTo join these location click Simulate Interactive ControlsClick which performs initial conditions solution.Ignore and Close the warning that comes up. The part is now joinedClickEnter.Webcutter_Asm in New Model text field, Click OKClick play to run the simulation.afebdNote: The warning is stating that the two reference points of the revolute joint are not the same and need to be the same for the part to run. ADAMS will move the two links so that the points will coincide before running the simulation.
26 Modify Material Properties Right-Click link 2, Select Part: link_2 ModifyEnter.Webcutter_Asm.Al6063 in Material Type text fieldClick OKRepeat this step for link_3 and link_4.bacNote: If you choose the option of just entering density, the Links will have significant deformation during the run.
27 This is what your screen should look like when ModelThis is what your screen should look like whenyour model is complete.
28 Measure Motor TorqueRight Click Motion and select Motion: Motion_1 MeasureEnter.Webcutter_Asm.Torque in Measure Name text fieldSelect Torque from Characteristic pull down menuChoose Z radio button next to Component.Click OK (A measurement window will appear which will graph torque respective to the simulationbcdae


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University of Hawaii
This proposal concerns the research and development of a mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) Avalanche Photodiode (APD) array for use as a low-noise science detector in optical and near-infrared (O/NIR) instruments and observatories, and is specifically an application for a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship to accelerate this project and enable greater graduate student involvement. Prototypical 32 x 32 APD arrays currently in production at Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) will be commissioned and characterized at the Institute for Astronomy (IfA) in Hilo, Hawai'i. Commissioning will require developing and adapting an interface for detector operation, and characterizing will be accomplished in existing cryogenic platforms. The arrays will also be given trial runs using the astronomical facilities on Manua Kea, including the University of Hawai'i 2.2m telescope and the Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope. Following validation of the prototype arrays, the RVS -IfA collaboration will upscale production to large-format megapixel APD arrays, design and implement long-term control and operation schemes, and begin incorporation of the arrays into upcoming instrument designs. The avalanche signal amplification of these HgCdTe APD arrays produces effectively noiseless signals useful for astronomical observations, and will likely see deployment in both groundand space-based telescopes. Near-infrared photon counting is unprecedented and will permit observations that previously required excessive observation times, particularly with regards to dim photon-starved targets. The wavelength versatility of HgCdTe from the visible to 5-micron-plus makes these devices suitable for a broad range of applications, and their deployment is expected to be revolutionary for observational astronomy.


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(In). In whole numbers, without regarding the fractions. Thus we say the population of the British Isles is forty millions in round numbers, and that of London four millions (1895). The idea is that what is round is whole or perfect, and, of course, fractions, being broken numbers, cannot belong thereto.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
More on Round Numbers from Infoplease:


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Certificate-based authentication over an SSL connection is the most secure type of authentication. Therefore, when authentication occurs at the connection layer, the client does not need to provide an additional name (bind DN) and password to Directory Proxy Server during the LDAP bind.
A client can only perform certificate-based authentication over an SSL connection. The basic steps in establishing an SSL connection are as follows:
The client requests that a secure connection be established.
As part of this request, Directory Proxy Server provides a server certificate to the client. A server certificate is a single certificate associated with one instance of Directory Proxy Server. When a secure connection is used, the server certificate identifies the instance of Directory Proxy Server to the client.
The establishment of the connection includes a negotiation phase. During this phase, the client and Directory Proxy Server attempt to agree on the encryption policy that is used. The server certificate contains the list of encryption policies (ciphers) that are supported by the Directory Proxy Server.
Depending on the security configuration of the proxy server, the server might require the client to provide a certificate.
The client provides a certificate to the server, either because the client is configured to do so, or because the proxy server has requested it.
The client then sends an LDAP bind request to Directory Proxy Server to establish the client's identity on that connection.
If the request is a simple bind, Directory Proxy Server uses the bind DN and password provided by the client.
If the request is a SASL external bind, Directory Proxy Server does one of two things:
Considers the subject of the certificate as the bind DN of the client.
Maps the certificate by searching the backend server for an entry that matches the received certificate. If the verify-certs property is set, Directory Proxy Server verifies that the received certificate is the one stored in the entry that is found.
The following configuration properties determine how Directory Proxy Server performs that search:
cert-data-view-routing-policy cert-data-view-routing-custom-list cert-search-bind-dn cert-search-bind-pwd-file cert-search-base-dn cert-search-attr-mappings
When the proxy server has the bind DN, it can verify the validity of the client.
For more information about SSL for Directory Proxy Server, see Secure Sockets Layer for Directory Proxy Server.
For certificate-based authentication to occur, Directory Proxy Server must be configured to accept client certificates and the client must be configured to use SASL external bind.
When you create a Directory Proxy Server instance, the certificate database is automatically populated with the CA certificates of certain trusted CAs. You can add trusted CA certificates to the certificate database if necessary, by using the Directory Service Control Center (DSCC) or by using the dpadm command. For more information, see To Install a CA-Signed Server Certificate for Directory Proxy Server in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
When a client provides a certificate to Directory Proxy Server, the server verifies that certificate against the list of trusted CA certificates in its certificate database. The verification is successful if the server's certificate database contains the client certificate itself, or the CA certificate with which the client certificate was generated.
The server certificate can be one of the following:
Self-signed certificate. A public and private key pair, where the public key is signed by Directory Proxy Server.
Trusted CA certificate. A single certificate that is automatically generated by the company's internal certificate server or by a known Certificate Authority (CA).
Directory Proxy Server also supports the use of a server certificate chain. A server certificate chain is a collection of certificates that are automatically generated by the company's internal certificate server or by a known CA. The certificates in a chain trace back to the original CA, providing proof of identity. This proof is required each time you obtain or install a new server certificate.
When an instance of Directory Proxy Server is created, a default self-signed certificate is created. By default, Directory Proxy Server manages the SSL certificate database password internally.
You can install any number of certificates on a server. When you configure SSL for an instance of Directory Proxy Server, you must install at least one server certificate and one trusted CA certificate.
For an explanation of how certificate-based authentication works, see Certificate-Based Authentication. For information about how to configure certificate-based authentication for Directory Proxy Server, see To Configure Certificate-based Authentication in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
When a client binds to Directory Proxy Server with the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) external bind, Directory Proxy Server obtains the credentials of the client from the certificate, rather than from the bind DN.
The server obtains the credentials in one of two ways:
Considers the subject of the certificate as the bind DN of the client
Maps the certificate subject to data within its own database, to deduce the bind DN
SASL external bind cannot be used if Directory Proxy Server is configured for BIND replay. In BIND replay, Directory Proxy Server authenticates the client to a backend LDAP server by using the client DN and password. In SASL external bind, no password is provided by the client. Furthermore, the password that is stored in the user entry cannot be read in clear text. For information about bind replay, see Directory Proxy Server Configured for BIND Replay.
SSL can be used to protect subsequent interactions between the client and Directory Proxy Server.
For information about how to configure authentication by SASL external bind, see To Configure Directory Proxy Server for SASL External Bind in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.


Detecting DTMF Tones From Scratch
9 thoughts on "Detecting DTMF Tones From Scratch
 1. The Goertzel algorithm isn't as computationally complex as FFT
 Well, not exactly. If you need all the frequency bins, the FFT is the most efficient implementation. However, if you only need a small number of frequency bins (as in the case of DTMF detection), then the Goertzel algorithm can be computationally less intensive since you're not computing the entire spectrum.
 2. The second harmonic detection logic can be reserved for those times when a single row and a single column frequency have already been detected. It need not run all the time.
 As noted in the article, the 2nd harmonic check is used for rejecting voice signals. I like to turn that around and check that the DTMF frequency is not a second harmonic of a voice signal. In other words, rather than looking for 697 &&!1394, I look for 697 &!348.5Hz. It seems a little more robust.
 Another check that is frequently done is the "twist" test. If a row freq and a column freq are both present, their magnitudes need to be "close" to one another. If the twist test fails, there is no need to check the harmonic (or fundamental, as the case may be).
 Another trick to reduce average processing bandwidth is to run the three (or four, if desired) column frequency tests first, and then only run the row frequencies if only one of the columns was detected. If more than one were detected, you needn't do anymore work to reject the tone.
 Also… it might not be necessary to divide the result by 256 at the end, because you're not really interested in absolute magnitudes – only relative magnitudes. If both frequencies are scaled by the same number (256) then the relationship is unaltered.
 Yeah… I've done a bit of DTMF detection with Mr Goertzel's algorithm in the past.
 3. wouldn't a simpler solution just involve an FM tuner, some ttl and a demux? DTMF is just 7 (or really 8) harmonic formants, right? so tune at all four row frequencies, and return the column/row that matches with one of the 16 (12) known tones. what am i missing?
 4. On the microcontroller board there are white blocks holding wires. Where can I buy those at?
 I've got a rs232 to usb which has pins but I need some way to attach wires to that without soldering them. In addition, attach wires to the jumper block of a 2.5 inch laptop hard drive.
 5. I myself would stick with a simple 75T202/203 and interface to a processor freeing the processor to do other things.
 But its kinda neat to see what can be done if there were not cheap decoders already on the market.
 6. hey Debraj,
 anychance you could implement this into arduino code. I took a look at your code, but it is certainly way over my head. At least in terms of porting it to an arduino. I would very much appreciate it if you could take a whack at it. Impressive work, btw.
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n.1.A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.
v. t.1.To form into, or place in, a schedule.
Noun1.Scheduleschedule - a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
Synonyms: agenda, docket
2.schedule - an ordered list of times at which things are planned to occur
Verb1.schedule - plan for an activity or event; "I've scheduled a concert next week"
2.schedule - make a schedule; plan the time and place for events; "I scheduled an exam for this afternoon"
 3. The term is frequently used instead of inventory.
active list, agenda, allocate, allot, appoint, approach, appropriate to, arrange, arrangement, assign, assign to, attack, batting order, bill, bill of fare, blacklist, blueprint, blueprinting, book, budget, calculate, calculation, calendar, card, carte du jour, cast, catalog, chart, charting, checklist, civil list, conception, concert, contrivance, contrive, cost, cost out, cut out, dedicate, design, destine, detail, device, devise, disburse, disposition, docket, earmark, enroll, enter, enterprise, enumerate, enumeration, envisagement, expend, fate, figure, figuring, file, forecast, foresight, forethought, fork out, frame, game, go through, graphing, ground plan, guidelines, idea, impanel, incur costs, index, intend, intention, inventory, invest, itemization, itemize, items, keep score, lay out, lay plans, layout, line up, lineup, list, list of agenda, listing, long-range plan, lot, make a projection, make arrangements, make assignments, mapping, mark off, mark out for, master plan, menu, method, methodize, methodology, open the purse, operations research, ordain, organization, organize, outlay, outline, pay, pay out, pigeonhole, plan, plan ahead, planning, planning function, playbill, portion off, post, prearrange, prearrangement, procedure, program of action, program of operation, programma, project, prospectus, protocol, put out, rationalization, rationalize, record, register, registry, repertory, reserve, restrict, restrict to, retired list, roll, roll call, roster, run through, schema, schematism, schematization, schematize, scheme, scheme of arrangement, score, set, set apart, set aside, set off, set up, setup, shape, shell out, sick list, sink money in, slate, spend, splurge, squander, strategic plan, strategy, system, systematization, systematize, table, tabulate, tactical plan, tactics, tag, tally, tally sheet, the big picture, the picture, throw money around, time, timetable, way, work out, work up, working plan
Translate Schedule to Spanish, Translate Schedule to German, Translate Schedule to French
Schachter's Hypothesis
Schaffneria nigripes
Schatzki's Ring
-- Schedule --
schedule feeding
scheduled fire
scheduled maintenance
scheduled territories
Scheduling API
Scheduling Application Programming Interface
Scheele's green
Schefflera actinophylla


Mexico - Colima - Comala
Information and facts about the municipality of Comala
Location of Comala
The municipality of Comala is located in the Mexican state of Colima México
Population of Comala
The overall population of the municipality named Comala is 19495 citizens, 9660 males and 9835 females.
Age distribution
The population of Comala is divided into 7530 minors and 11965 adults, with 2036 of them older than 60 years.
Indigenous population of Comala
142 people in Comala live in indigenous households. An indigenous language is spoken by 68 people who are older than 5 years. The number of people who only speak an indigenous language is 0 and 62 speak both an indigenous language and Spanish.
Social Structure
A legal claim on health care and social insurance benefits have 13433 citizens of Comala.
Economic situation
In Comala about 4933 households are registered.
4890 of these households are common houses or apartments, 804 are without floor and about 378 consist of one room only.
4464 of the normal households have sanitary installations, 4399 are connected to the public water supply, 4580 have access to electricity.
The economic situation allows 596 households to own a computer, 2483 own a washing machine and 4335 households are equipped with one ore more televisions.
School and education in Comala
Besides the 810 analphabets aged 15 or older, about 199 minors between 6 and 14 are not visiting a school.
1044 inhabitants of the population of 15 years and older did not visit a school and 6468 persons did not finish the school. 2860 visited only the 6 years lasting primary school, 2718 visited and finished the college or similar scholar institutions.
A total of 1217 aged 15 to 24 years visited a school, the medium time school is visited through the whole population is 7 years.
Add a reference to Comala
Comala
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text:
biology question #520
Jen, a 15 year old female from Orland Park asks on January 7, 2002,Q:
If you find a bone in an archeological dig how can u tell what kind of animal it was?
viewed 17448 times
An animal's bones are usually distinctive because they have evolved to fit that animal to a behavioral lifeway. For example, the common ancestor of horses and cows had five digits. A differentiation of lifeways occurred many millions of years ago such that some animals (horses and their kin) became adapted to fast running while others (cattle and their kin) became adapted to a slower gait. As these animals evolved the numbers of digits declined to one for horses and two for cattle. Pigs still have four but the rear two don't touch the ground. These adaptations can be very specific such that one species' bones are clearly different from another. Sometimes, as in sheep and goats, it is difficult to tell leg bones apart but skulls are quite distinct. Human locomotion called bipedality (walking on two feet) is so specialized that almost any bone from our bodies, or even fragments, can be distinguished from any other animal. We can also use biochemistry and remnant DNA to differentiate bones from archaeological species. Usually, however, bone specialists employ comparative anatomy techniques to tell what kind of animal it came from. In other words, they take a lot of courses at university to understand the subtle differences between the bones of different animals.


text:
Face authentication allows users to unlock their device simply by looking at the front of their device. Android 10 adds support for a new face authentication stack that can securely process camera frames, preserving security and privacy during face authentication on supported hardware. Android 10 also provides an easy way for security compliant implementations to enable application integration for transactions, such as online banking or other services.
The BiometricPrompt API includes all biometric authentication including, face, finger, and iris. The Face HAL interacts with the following components.
FaceManager is a private interface that maintains a
FaceService. It's used by Keyguard to
access face authentication with a custom UI. Apps don't
have access to FaceManager and must use
This is the framework implementation that manages access to the face authentication hardware. It contains basic enrollment and authentication state machines as well as various other helpers (for example, enumeration). Because of stability and security concerns, no vendor code is permitted to run in this process. All vendor code is accessed through the Face 1.0 HIDL interface.
This is a Linux executable that implements the Face 1.0 HIDL interface used
FaceService. It registers itself as IBiometricsFace@1.0 so that
can find it.
To implement the Face HIDL, you must implement all the methods of
in a vendor-specific library.
Error messages are sent by a callback and return the state machine to the
idle state after they're sent. Most messages have a
corresponding user-facing string to inform the user of the error, but not all
errors have this user-facing string. For more information on error messages, see
All error messages represent a terminal state, meaning the framework assumes that the
HAL returns to an idle state after sending an error message.
Acquisition messages are delivered during enrollment or authentication and
are meant to guide the user toward a successful enrollment or authentication.
Each ordinal has
an associated message from the
file. Vendor-specific messages can be added as long as the corresponding help
strings are provided. Acquisition messages aren't terminal states in and of
themselves; the HAL is expected to send as many of these as necessary to
complete the current enrollment or authentication. If an acquisition message
results in a terminal state where no progress can be made, then the HAL should
follow the acquisition messages with an error message, for example, where the
image is too dark and stays too dark for progress to be made. In this case, it's
reasonable to send
UNABLE_TO_PROCESS after several attempts have been made
but no further progress can be made.
For devices to comply with the strong biometric requirements for Android 10, they must have secure hardware to ensure the integrity of face data and the ultimate authentication comparison. The Android Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) outlines the level of security required and the acceptable spoof acceptance rate (SAR) required. A trusted execution environment (TEE) is required for secure processing and recognition. Additionally, secure camera hardware is required to prevent injection attacks on face authentication. For example, the associated memory pages for image data could be privileged and marked read-only so only the camera hardware can update them. Ideally, no process should have access except TEE and the hardware.
Because face authentication hardware varies considerably, it's necessary to
develop hardware-specific drivers to enable face authentication, depending on
specific device architecture. As such, there is no reference
The following methods are all asynchronous and must immediately return to the framework. Failing to do so results in a slow system and potential Watchdog resets. It's recommended to have a message queue with multiple threads to avoid blocking the caller. All GET requests should cache information where possible so the caller is blocked for a minimal amount of time.
FaceService to plumb all messages back to itself.
|Sets the active user, which all subsequent HAL operations are applied. Authentication is always for this user until this method is called again.
|Finishes the secure transaction by invalidating the challenge generated
|Enrolls a user's face.
|Cancels the current operation (for example, enroll, authenticate,
remove, or enumerate) and returns
faced to the idle state.
|Enumerates all face templates associated with the active user.
|Removes a face template or all face templates associated with the active user.
|Authenticates the active user.
|This method should only be used when the HAL is in the authenticating or
standby state. Using this method when the HAL is not in one of these
this method while the HAL is already authenticating may extend the
amount of time the system looks for a face.
|When too many faces are rejected,
faced is required to enter a lockout
LOCKOUT_PERMANENT). When it
does, it's required to send the remaining time to the framework so it can
display it for the user. As with
setFeature(), this method requires an
active hardware authentication token (HAT) to securely reset the internal state. Resets lockout
only for the current user.
The three remaining methods are all synchronous and should block for the minimal amount of time to avoid stalling the framework.
|Generates a unique and cryptographically secure random token used to indicate the start of a secure transaction.
|Enables or disables a feature for the current user. For security reasons, this requires a HAT from checking the user's pin/pattern/password against the above challenge
|Retrieves the current enablement state of the feature, as dictated by
the default or a call to
setFeature() above. If the face ID is invalid, the
implementation must return
|Returns an identifier associated with the current face set. This identifier must change whenever a face is added
The framework expects
faced to follow the state diagram below.


Skip to main content
ENM109 Research Skills Guide: Topic Analysis
Topic Analysis
A topic analysis will help you clarify and understand what your assessment question is asking you to do.
You will generally be given three key pieces of information:
 3. The task or instruction terms tell how you are to deal with the content. There is a list of explanations for common instruction words.
Let's say you have been given an assessment that involves reporting on a natural resource management issue in Australia.
For this example we have chosen the theme of (Australian) marine conservation
Provide an overview of your selected natural resource theme, and describe key management challenges, conservation issues and any other relevant historical dimensions
A topic analysis of this question might look like this:
Instruction words Provide an overview; Describe
Qualifying words & phrases Management challenges; conservation; historical dimensions
Key concepts Marine conservation in Australia
Here are some synonyms that might be used in searching. Note that using synonyms will broaden your search and increase the chances of retrieving information:
management challenges management, administration
historical dimensions history, past, background
"marine conservation" "marine parks"
In fact, the terms we have are probably quite good search terms, so here are some suggested searches:
 - "marine conservation" AND australia*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* and manag*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* AND manag* and issue*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* AND histor*.
For more on search techniques, see the next page (Search techniques).
Topic Analysis
Find additional keywords
In the Oxford Reference search box below, enter some of the keywords you've identified from your assessment question and note down any alternate keywords that you find.
Find your definitions by searching Oxford Reference Online


text:
Thailand - Thai Hornbills
Several endangered species of hornbills inhabit the forests of Thailand. These magnificent birds are threatened by habitat destruction, hunting and illegal trade. The Hornbill Nest Adoption Program is run by the Hornbill Research Foundation. Contributions towards this project helps researchers investigate the biological and ecological aspects that these birds have in the forests such as seed dispersal. The funds also go towards educating and involving the local communities in protecting these species. Over 40 former poachers or illegal loggers have been employed to now act as protectors of these bird's nests rather than try to sell the feathers and chicks in illegal markets. There has been a 95% reduction in poaching of hornbills since the HRF's campaign started in 1994. Providing a financial incentive and greater appreciation for the local environment has had a dramatic impact on the populations of these imperiled species. Zoo Miami contributed to the Hornbill Nest Adoption Program in 2010.
Find out more: _URL_


Receive Notifications
With this feature, you can receive and manage notifications. This allows you to:
 - Receive due date and task notifications
 - Manage your notifications
 - Change your sound and desktop notification preferences
 - Change your notification settings on web, desktop and mobile apps.
Everyone can use this feature.
How to Use and Manage Notifications
What Notifications Are Available?
Due Date Notifications
If you set a due date for a task, that is assigned to you, MeisterTask will remind you of this upcoming due date via email one day before the task is due. If you're using the mobile app, you can also enable push notifications to remind you of upcoming due dates. Here you can select how long in advance you want to receive the reminder - you can select anything from 5 minutes before the due date to 1 week before the due date.
Task Notifications
You receive task notifications whenever one of your team members does something that concerns you or one of the tasks you are involved in. Here's a complete list of all task notifications you receive:
 - Someone has assigned a task to you
 - Someone has trashed or completed a task you were assigned to or were watching.
 - Someone has added a checklist item to a task you were assigned.
 - Someone has commented on a task you were assigned to or were watching.
 - Someone has mentioned you in a comment.
 - Someone has mentioned you in a checklist item.
 - Someone has reacted to a comment or activity of yours.
These task notifications are shown in chronological order on the right side of your dashboard, where they appear in real-time. In addition to that, you can enable email notifications in your notification settings.
Notification Limit
We have a maximum limitation on unread notifications a single user can have of 10.000 unread notifications. All notifications past that number are automatically marked as read.
Manage Your Notifications
 1. To open the task which the notification relates to, just click on the notification itself.
 2. To mark a notification as read, hover over the notification icon (on the left) until it turns into an X, and then click on it.
 3. Click the little triangle next to Notifications to switch between 'Show All' notifications (including the ones you've already marked as read) or just the unread notifications.
 4. Check the box beside 'Hide when empty' to automatically hide the notifications section once it is empty.
 5. Click the x to dismiss every unread notification
Change Your Sound and Desktop Notifications
Sound and Desktop notifications can be enabled from the Dashboard.
 1. Click the Avatar Icon in the top right
 2. Select Preferences from the drop-down menu.
 3. Under "Notifications" you can manage your sound and desktop notifications
Change Notification Settings in the Web App and Desktop Apps
 1. Click on your user avatar in the upper right corner of the screen.
 2. From the drop-down menu that appears, select My Account.
 3. In the My Account area, navigate to MeisterTask Notifications.
 4. In the notification settings, check the boxes next to all the types of notifications you want to receive.
Change Notification Settings in the Mobile Apps
 1. Open the MeisterTask mobile app.
 2. From the dashboard, tap on your user avatar in the upper right corner of the screen to open the My Account menu.
 3. In the My Account menu, slide up, choose 'Notifications'.
 4. Set the time you would like to receive reminder notifications on your mobile device
Other Notifications
You can manage your pop-up and badge notifications for your mobile application under the application settings on your phone.
If you're still having trouble…
Jason Williams
None of this works - I have notifications turned on for the phone and laptop - I have reminders turned on for 5 minutes before - I have gone through everything and I still don't get pop up alerts for tasks or reminders. If this can't get fixed then I will have to use another service....
Nikola Oberländerová
Hi _USER_ Williams, sorry to hear notifications don't work for you as they should. Would you please contact us directly at so we can help you fix the issue? Best, Nikola


text:
InnoDB and XtraDB use a special feature called the doublewrite buffer to provide a strong guarantee against data corruption. The idea is to write the data to a sequential log in the main tablespace before writing to the data files. If a partial page write happens (in other words, a corrupted write), InnoDB and XtraDB will use the buffer to recover the data. Even if the data is written twice the performance impact is usually small, but in some heavy workloads the doublewrite buffer becomes a bottleneck. Now we have an option to put the buffer on a dedicated disk in order to parallelize I/O activity on the buffer and on the tablespace.
This feature allows you to move the doublewrite buffer from the main tablespace to a separate location.
This option is for advanced users only. See the discussion below to fully understand whether you really need to use it.
The following discussion will clarify the improvements made possible by this feature.
InnoDB and XtraDB use many structures, some on disk and others in memory, to manage data as efficiently as possible. To have an overview of the different components see this post. Let's now focus on the doublewrite buffer.
InnoDB / XtraDB uses a reserved area in its main tablespace, called the doublewrite buffer, to prevent data corruption that could occur with partial page writes. When the data in the buffer pool is flushed to disk, InnoDB / XtraDB will flush whole pages at a time (by default 16KB pages) and not just the records that have changed within a page. It means that, if anything unexpected happens during the write, the page can be partially written leading to corrupt data.
With the doublewrite buffer feature, InnoDB / XtraDB first writes the page in the doublewrite buffer and then to the data files.
If a partial page write occurs in the data files, InnoDB / XtraDB will check on recovery if the checksum of the page in the data file is different from the checksum of the page in the doublewrite buffer and thus will know if the page is corrupt or not. If it is corrupt, the recovery process will use the page stored in the doublewrite buffer to restore the correct data.
If a partial write occurs in the doublewrite buffer, the original page is untouched and can be used with the redo logs to recover the data.
In usual workloads the performance impact is low-5% or so. As a consequence, you should always enable the doublewrite buffer because the strong guarantee against data corruption is worth the small performance drop.
But if you experience a heavy workload, especially if your data does not fit in the buffer pool, the writes in the doublewrite buffer will compete against the random reads to access the disk. In this case, you can see a sharp performance drop compared to the same workload without the doublewrite buffer-a 30% performance degradation is not uncommon.
Another case when you can see a big performance impact is when the doublewrite buffer is full. Then new writes must wait until entries in the doublewrite buffer are freed.
In a standard InnoDB / XtraDB installation, the doublewrite buffer is located in the main tablespace (whether you activate the
innodb_file_per_table or not) and you have no option to control anything about it.
The feature adds an option (
innodb_doublewrite_file) to have a dedicated location for the doublewrite buffer.
Basically if you want to improve the I/O activity, you will put the doublewrite buffer on a different disk. But is it better on an SSD or a more traditional HDD? First you should note that pages are written in a circular fashion in the doublewrite buffer and only read on recovery. So the doublewrite buffer performs mostly sequential writes and a few sequential reads. Second HDDs are very good at sequential write if a write cache is enabled, which is not the case of SSDs. Therefore you should choose a fast HDD if you want to see performance benefits from this option. For instance, you could place the redo logs (also written in a sequential way) and the doublewrite buffer on the same disk.
The following system variable was introduced.
Use this option to create a dedicated tablespace for the doublewrite buffer.
This option expects a filename which can be specified either with an absolute or a relative path. A relative path is relative to the data directory.
For general inquiries, please send us your question and someone will contact you.


text:
a1 University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, 7000 Fannin *2658, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Background Although many school-based diet and physical activity interventions have been designed and evaluated, relatively few have been tested for the after-school setting. After-school day-care programmes at either elementary schools or private locations provide a ready-made opportunity for health programmes that may be difficult to incorporate into an already-full school day. The purpose of this paper is to report on a pilot study of an after-school adaptation of the CATCH (Coordinated Approach To Child Health) elementary school programme called the CATCH Kids Club (CKC).
Methods The CKC was pilot-tested and formatively evaluated in 16 Texas after-school programmes: eight in El Paso and eight in Austin (four intervention and four reference sites each). Evaluation consisted of direct observation of moderate to vigorous physical activity during play time, self-reported food intake and physical activity, and focus group interviews with after-school programme staff.
Results Students responded well to the physical activity and snack components and were less interested in the five-module education component. Routine staff training was a key variable in achieving proper implementation; the ideal would be a full day with repeated follow-up model teaching visits. Staff turnover was a logistic issue, as was programme leader readiness and interest in conducting the programme. Strong and significant effects were observed for the physical activity but not for the education component. The results of the physical education component suggest it is feasible, effective and ready for larger-scale evaluation or dissemination.
(Received December 17 2003)
(Accepted September 22 2004)


text:
Undergrads Research Bread & Roses Strike of 1912
By Sandra Seitz
Serious historical research involves dusty documents, endless rolls of microfiche and long hours in spent in libraries. So why are these students smiling?
Six undergraduate students contributed significantly to understanding aspects of the Bread & Roses strike of 1912, a landmark event in the history of the United States, when 20,000 people went on strike for a living wage.
Their research was part of a course titled Work, Labor and Society, taught by Sociology Assoc. Prof. Mignon Duffy and Susan Winning, coordinator of the Labor Extension Program. It's the foundational course for UMass Lowell's new minor in Work, Labor and Society
The Bread & Roses strike, while primarily associated with Lawrence, also spread to Lowell. The students showed posters they had created about the Lowell strike action of 1912 at a reception in the Boott Cotton Mills Museum, where their work will become part of the permanent exhibit.
The Not-So-Dusty Work of Research
Juniors Jacqueline DiPersio, sociology major, and Janelle Bourgeois, history major, worked in a group to research the grievances that led to the strikers' demands.
"We studied the newspaper articles that were published around the time of the strike, reading them on microfilm," says DiPersio. "Others in the group worked on finding photographs and we met on Saturdays at the museum to compare notes."
"The working conditions leading up to the strike were especially brutal," says Bourgeois. "We had original source material in a collection of interviews conducted at the time and some of them were heartbreaking to read. It was also fascinating to see how much money the mill owners made – there was a huge wage gap."
Freshman students Makenna Campbell and Nikki Gaspari, both psychology majors, worked together to research the various ethnicities of the strikers, a majority of whom were recent immigrants and spoke 20 languages among them. Campbell, whose grandparents worked in the Lowell mills, says, "The research made it real – it brought the people to life."
"Someone had kept a scrap book of 1912 newspaper articles," says Gaspari. "Reading those made the research work even more involved and interesting."
The students also learned about methods of historical research from History Prof. Robert Forrant, chair of the Bread & Roses Centennial Committee, and graduate student Ethan Snow, research assistant to the Committee.
"We started by presenting the students with an unattributed strike photo of a march to scrutinize for clues," says Snow. "They could read a sign for 'Chagaruly's Apothecary' and that led to the city directories, where we could find who lived and worked in those blocks. Then, working from contemporaneous newspaper articles and a 1906 city atlas, we discovered that the strikers had paraded in a loop around the city and determined that our photo must be at the end of the parade, right by the strike headquarters.
"That blew the students away," he adds. "Especially for those students with a connection to Lowell, it was amazing to them how the city had changed."
One Family, Both Sides of the Labor Struggle
Snow has his own family connections to the mills and to labor history.
"Both my dad and I are active in labor unions and my paternal grandfather worked for a shoe factory in Brockton," he says. "But his family had owned that same shoe factory a few generations before, until a nephew lost it all."
Ironically, his mother's father graduated from the Lowell Textile Institute and worked briefly as an efficiency clerk in mills in Connecticut – "doing the work that the unionists would have most opposed," says Snow.
The Bread & Roses in Lowell event was sponsored by the Tsongas Industrial History Center
; Lowell National Historical Park; the Bread & Roses Centennial
Committee; the UMass Lowell Work, Labor and Society program; the Center for Lowell History; the American Textile History Museum and the Revolving Museum.


In Aloe
Aloe aculeata
Aloe aculeata has not any specifical use, but almost all the plants of the Aloe genus produce gel and latex, which are rich in medicinal properties.
In Adenia
Adenia Spinosa
This plant can be found in the northern parts of South Africa in Limpopo province, in Botswana and Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe it is considered a threatened species. It lives in sandy, rocky soil, in [...]