text:
National Wildlife Refuge
|10630 Road 181
Ellsworth, NE 69340
Phone Number: _PHONE_
|Visit the Refuge's Web Site:
|Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a vast sea of mixed-grass habitats with wetlands found where the sandhills dip below the water table.|
Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is located approximately 28 miles north of Oshkosh, Nebraska. The Refuge was established in 1931 to help conserve waterfowl populations. It is located at the eastern edge of the Nebraska panhandle in Garden County, on the southwestern edge of the 19,000 square mile Nebraska sandhills.
The sandhills are characterized by continuous grass and forb-covered dunes and swales and are considered to be the largest body of sand in the world that is not a desert. Where the swales dip below the water table, sub-irrigated meadows, marshes, and lakes have formed. In most cases, no stream systems exist between wetlands. Many lakes are maintained solely by underground water sources.
The 45,849-acre Refuge is largely grasslands dotted with hundreds of permanent, semipermanent, and temporary wetlands. It is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as part of the Crescent Lake/North Platte National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The Complex headquarters is 100 miles to the west in the city of Scottsbluff, Nebraska.
Getting There...
Crescent Lake NWR is located approximately 28 miles north of Oshkosh, Nebraska. From U.S. Highway 26, turn north on West Second. Proceed north out of town (oil road will convert to gravel), and follow directional signs to the Refuge headquarters. From U.S. Highway 2, turn south just east of Lakeside, Nebraska. Follow directional signs to the Refuge headquarters (approximately 28 miles).
Get Google map and directions to this refuge/WMD from a specified address:
Learn More >>
A "sea of grass in a sea of grass" best describes Crescent Lake NWR. The Refuge has largely recovered from past overgrazing, and grazing is now used an important habitat management tool. Today, native prairie management consists of a combination of rest, grazing, and prescribed burning.
The Refuge contains about 8,251 acres of wetlands. Manipulation of water levels is possible on nine of the lakes and is used to control shoreline vegetation in order to create open shoreline for migratory birds.
Hayden's penstemon, also known as blowout penstemon, is Nebraska's rarest plant and is the only endangered plant on the Refuge. This plant is unique in that it depends on non-vegetated sand surfaces, or blowouts, for its existence. Reactivation of some blowouts has been attempted and seedlings from the University of Nebraska have been transplanted to historic sites.
In 1972, 24,502 acres of the Refuge were proposed for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System. Congress has not acted on that proposal. In the intervening years, the area has been managed to maintain and improve the wilderness characteristics that existed at the time of the proposal.


text:
It has been suggested that in the presence of astigmatism some individuals make cyclic changes in focus over the astigmatic interval to obtain better visual performance. The aim in the present study was to identify such cyclic accommodative behavior and to characterize the variability of the response in the presence of astigmatism. The dynamic accommodation response in the presence of induced astigmatism was recorded objectively with an infrared optometer in seven young adults. Astigmatism led directly to increased accommodative variability in certain individuals. In two of seven participants there was evidence for aperiodic cyclic accommodative responses between different portions of the astigmatic interval. However, the amplitude of these tracking responses was much smaller than the astigmatic interval.
- accomodation response
- vision sciences

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1. 首页
 2. 易语言 - EasyLanguage
 3. 设定分析技术，只能在某台电脑上运行 Restricting access to a PC
本文描述如何实现让您的分析技术只能在某一太电脑上运行。 This page describes how to restrict studies so that they can only be run on a particular PC. To restrict your code fully you need to add this functionality and then see the Protecting EasyLanguage Code page.
Using the CustomerID allows you to restrict access to one account. However, that account holder can still use the code on multiple computers. The Network ID allows you to restrict access to EL code to a specific computer.
The first thing to do is get the Network ID from the person you will be sending the strategy/indicator to. The Network ID is found from the main 'Help' menu, under 'About TradeStation x.x'…
Access to the Network ID is not available directly from EasyLanguage. But here is a DLL that will return the Network ID to an EasyLanguage program.
This DLL can be placed in your computer's equivalent to this subdirectory: \WINDOWS\system32\. If preferred, it can also be placed into your \TradeStation (Build WXYZ)\Program\ subdirectory.
The DLL function ELNETWORKID can be called using EasyLanguage code like the following:
external: "ELNetwork.dll", int, "ELNETWORKID", IEasyLanguageObject ;
 MyNetworkID( 678910 ) ;
if CurrentBar = 1 then
 MyNetworkID = ELNetworkID( self ) ;
Plot1( MyNetworkID, "NetworkID" ) ;
Note that you put the Network ID in a variable (not an input) and you put the begin…end loop around your entire code (except the Inputs: and Variables: declarations).
The following code is not needed for EasyLanguage. It is the C++ code for the above DLL in case you're interested:
_TAG_ "C:\Program Files\TradeStation 8.1 (Build 3159)\Program\tskit.dll" no_namespace
BOOL __stdcall DllMain(HANDLE hModule,
 DWORD ul_reason_for_call,
 LPVOID lpReserved
 switch( ul_reason_for_call )
 return TRUE ;
int __stdcall ELNETWORKID( IEasyLanguageObject* pEL )
 return pEL->Platform->NetworkID ;
更新于 2020年5月15日


text:
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Both Slim and Curley have a strong influence on the lives of the other characters in Of Mice and Men, but in very different ways.
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Slim & Curley
Both slim and Curley have a strong influence on the lives of the other characters in "Of Mice and Men", but in very different ways. Steinbeck juxtaposes the two characters through the course of the novel as the classic villain and hero against the backdrop of 1930's America. He does this through description of their first impressions, the opinions of the others characters, and the way they treat others.
Slim is a skinner on the ranch, a simple man who does his job conscientiously and gains respect from his peers by giving respect in return. Everybody on ranch get the feeling that they can trust him, this is shown by the sentence "godlike eyes fastened on him" he has the features of a god: godlike eyes and an ageless face. His character is very smooth and when he speaks he has a low/deep voice very calm and reassuring. On the other hand Curley is a midget who takes advantage of his father's position and does whatever he wants. The best thing he like to do is pick on bigger people; this is proved by "He's insistence to pick scraps with big guys" plus he likes
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""Zoey. University Student.
""Joanne Barratt. Nursing. University Student.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


17 Extensibility
17.1 Foreign Namespaces and Private Data
SVG allows inclusion of elements from foreign namespaces anywhere with the SVG document tree. In general, the SVG user agent will ignore any unknown elements except to include them within the DOM. (The notable exception is described under Embedding Foreign Object Types.)
SVG's ability to include foreign namespaces can be used for the following purposes:
To illustrate, a business graphics authoring application might want to include some private data within an SVG document so that it could properly reassemble the chart (a pie chart in this case) upon reading it back in:

 This chart includes private data in another namespace

Download this example
17.2 Embedding Foreign Object Types
One goal for SVG is to provide a mechanism by which other XML language processors can render into an area within an SVG drawing, with those renderings subject to the various transformations and compositing parameters that are currently active within the SVG document. One particular example of this is to provide a frame for the HTML/CSS processor so that dynamically reflowing text (subject to SVG transformations and compositing) could be inserted into the middle of an SVG document. Another example is inserting a MathML expression into an SVG drawing.
The element allows for inclusion of foreign namespaces which has graphical content drawn by a different user agent, where the graphical content that is drawn is subject to SVG transformations and compositing. The contents of are assumed to be from a different namespace. Any SVG elements within a will not be drawn, except in the situation where a properly defined SVG subdocument is recursively embedded within the different namespace (e.g., an SVG document contains an XHTML document which in turn contains yet another SVG document).
Additionally, there is a capability for alternative representations so that something meaningful will appear in SVG viewing environments which do not have the ability to process a given . To accomplish this, SVG has a element and system-required attribute similar to the corresponding facilities within the SMIL 1.0 Recommendation. The rules for are that the first child element whose system-required evaluates to "true" will be processed and all others ignored.
Here is an example:
This example uses the switch element to provide a
 fallback graphical representation of an equation, if
 MathML is not supported.

 width="100" height="50">

 Formula goes here
Download this example
It is not required that SVG user agent support the ability to invoke other arbitrary user agents to handle embedded foreign object types; however, all conforming SVG user agents would need to support the element and should be able to render valid SVG elements when they appear as one of the alternatives within a element.
Ultimately, it is expected that commercial Web browsers will support the ability for SVG to embed content from other XML grammars which use CSS layout or XSL to format their content, with the resulting CSSor XSL-formatted content subject to SVG transformations and compositing. At this time, such a feature represents an objective, not a requirement.
(The exact mechanism for providing these capabilities hasn't been decided yet. Many details need to be worked out.)
Definition of system-required:
17.3 The system-required attribute
system-required = feature
Determines whether the named feature is supported by the user agent. If the given feature is supported, then the current element and its children are processed; otherwise, the current element and its children are ignored.


text: We consider a scenario where the small satellites of Pluto and Charon grew within a disk of debris from an impact between Charon and a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). After Charon's orbital motion boosts the debris into a disk-like structure, rapid orbital damping of meter-sized or smaller objects is essential to prevent the subsequent reaccretion or dynamical ejection by the binary. From analytical estimates and simulations of disk evolution, we estimate an impactor radius of 30-100 km; smaller (larger) radii apply to an oblique (direct) impact. Although collisions between large TNOs and Charon are unlikely today, they were relatively common within the first 0.1-1 Gyr of the solar system. Compared to models where the small satellites agglomerate in the debris left over by the giant impact that produced the Pluto-Charon binary planet, satellite formation from a later impact on Charon avoids the destabilizing resonances that sweep past the satellites during the early orbital expansion of the binary.


.
Hume Knowledge Graph Visualisation artists who transitioned from Realism to Impressionism
We have demonstrated how to ingest and process publicly available datasets and create an art knowledge graph using Hume. We have used Hume Orchestra to quickly load artworks from a CSV file and showed how to explore them through Visualisations. Hume's NLP capabilities enabled us to recognise the donors and organisations in the credit sentences. And finally, we have enriched our graph with art movements from an external dataset.
E-mail us at _EMAIL_, or call any of our offices to learn more about how Hume can help your organisation.
Going Deeper?
Learn more about NLP
[Blog] Knowledge Graphs with Entity Relations: Is Jane Austen employed by Google? Our Lead Data Scientist, Vlasta, illustrates in detail Hume-provided mechanisms for extracting relationships among named entities using a rule-based engine.
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text:
Electronic Hours of Service – Why?
An electronic onboard recorder (EOBR) is the FMCSA's nomenclature for a device that produces compliant, paperless, electronic drivers' hours of service logs. These devices have been approved in lieu of handwritten records in the United States and Canada for the last 18 years. Several times since then, calls have been made by various groups to mandate electronic log devices in the name of highway safety. In spite of the fact that these devices remain entirely voluntary, thousands of fleets have adopted them. Why do fleets spend money on onboard computer technology?
Fleets implement technology because it increases their returns; either through increased safety, higher revenue miles, or lower operating costs. Onboard computer (OBC) systems available today perform many functions; vehicle maintenance tracking, accident recording, two-way communications, driving performance monitoring, dispatch and routing, inventory control, proof of delivery, trailer tracking, and a host of other interesting features. In many cases, this may have nothing to do with FMCSA compliant electronic logs. The ability to do paperless logs, in today's driver-driven environment, is just one of the many reasons that fleets use onboard technology.
What occurs in our industry every time an accident happens involving a commercial motor vehicle? Safety and the public's perception of our industry go hand in hand. The implementation of an onboard computer system creates a positive impression that the company cares about safety, and is committed to giving the drivers a reasonable and legal work schedule. An EOBR makes it easier to measure HOS compliance, providing the tools to adjust dispatch schedules with greater efficiency. Onboard computers that measure driving performance give the driver feedback on critical driving habits that directly influence safety and fuel efficiency. Over time, it is proven that this type of professional environment improves driver retention. A recent survey conducted by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) shows that "motor carriers using EOBRs have not experienced the negative impacts on driver retention expected by the motor carrier non-users".
Increased complexity of US and Canadian rules, especially regarding sleeper berth provisions and short haul operations, increases the burden on carriers/drivers to accurately keep their logs. With every concession, exemption, or exception for a segment of industry, hours of service rules become harder to understand and calculate. In the middle of this dynamic environment, drivers and fleet operators are under increasing pressure to comply. The law becomes harder to understand, and harder to communicate. The repercussions of non-compliance become harsher for carriers and drivers. In this environment, shifting clerical tasks away from drivers is a proven best practice. According to the ATRI, fleets that use EOBRs report 19% increased driver retention and 76% report increased driver morale after they implemented these devices.
The FMCSA estimates that drivers using electronic logs spend 20 minutes less per day filling out paperwork than drivers using paper logs. However, many fleets report greater time savings with paperless logs, especially with the most recent sleeper berth rules. Properly preparing hand-written logs is time consuming, difficult, and displaces part of the driver's focus on their real job. Further, more drivers are entering today's job market without any previous connection to our industry. Educating these new drivers on today's HOS rules is difficult.
How does this work? The fleet indicates which of the 26 currently applicable rule sets are suitable in their operation. This allows the system to operate within the 6 or 7 day cycle, intrastate or interstate, applying proper exemptions and exceptions. The driver indicates the beginning and end of work periods by electing on duty and off duty statuses. The EOBR calculates distance, determines location at each change of status, and keeps track of worked and available hours. Fleets can elect to automatically warn drivers when they are in danger of exceeding allowable time, and to warn drivers when they exceed allowable time. Any time the vehicle is stopped, drivers can look up a detailed daily log or a summary recap of hours.
Back at the office, the truck communicates back via several different methods, from satellite to terrestrial to 802.11 hotspots to memory cards. Carriers can review logs that are current up to the last synchronization. More important, carriers can instantly review who is in and out of compliance, as well as plan dispatch schedules, without reviewing each individual log or relying on manually created recaps.
Although rumors of mandated electronic logs have circulated for years, our industry has not waited for the federal government to act. Lower cost, easier to use, more reliable technology that increases fleet safety has been adopted without governmental intervention. Government intervention will change the availability, price, and complexity of telematics and onboard computers. What's worth considering is the voluntary adoption of an EOBR. Is it not better to voluntarily adopt a known and improving technology now; or wait to install a mandated and static technology when it is forced on our industry.
Senior Vice President
Maintaining Compliance and Automating Regulatory Duties for Commercial Drivers
Electronic On Board Recorders (EOBR's) are now available from several sources, easing the burden of hours-of-service compliance for drivers and carriers, and providing many ancillary benefits, as well. Making the right choices on whether or not to invest in EOBR's, choosing the right product, and implementing a program in your fleet will be critical to your success.
Making the wrong choices could result in your failure to comply with the regulations, and possibly even losing your fleet's operating authority as well as potential corporate, and even personal, liability for violators. It is important to understand what EOBR's do, how they work, and what they can do for your fleet.
Hours of Service for Commercial Drivers in North America
Just as in the airline, maritime, oil production and railroad industries, commercial motor vehicle operators and drivers in the United States and Canada must comply with hours of service regulations, the purpose of which is to prevent tired drivers from driving and endangering themselves and others. These drivers, and their employers, face the task of maintaining compliance with the regulations, while at the same time maximizing productivity and profitability. Failure to comply with hours of service regulations often results in unsafe driving practices, increased risk to all members of the driving public, and increased exposure to litigation for the carrier and its officers. Penalties for non-compliance can range from moderate fines to very expensive fines, loss of operating authority, and incarceration for egregious violators.
By regulation, drivers have a limited number of hours they may drive (driving time) and a limited number of hours they may work (on duty not driving). Once these limits are reached, a period of off duty time or sleeper berth time must be taken to "reset" tour of duty limits. If a sleeper berth is used, drivers may accumulate the total number of hours needed to rest in more than one period of time, provided certain rules are met. In addition, drivers can accumulate only a certain number of hours in any previous 7, 8, or (in Canada only) 14 day period.
The United States and Canada each have their own hours of service regulations, with different required work, driving, resting, and total accumulated working times. Mexico does not currently have HOS regulations, but NAFTA and other influences could initiate legislation there. Many states have rules that differ from the United States federal rule, applicable when a vehicle does not travel outside the borders of that state. All Canadian provinces have varying rules for commercial motor vehicles operating within their borders. Both Canada and the United States have specific hours of service rule sets that apply only to specific vocations. These vocations include agriculture, water well drilling, oil well drilling, utilities, home fuel deliveries, and essential transportation modes during times of great need.
Drivers must use a "record of duty status", commonly referred to as a log book, to monitor and prove compliance with the hours of service regulations applicable. Drivers and carriers must keep these logs for a specified period of time (commonly 6 months) in the event of an audit.
The Background of Automated Hours of Service Compliance
Since 1988, electronic devices have been approved in lieu of handwritten records. In Canada, electronic devices that may be used in lieu of handwritten records are also allowed. This is a recent revision to Canada's original acceptance of electronic hours of service compliance in 1994.
The specifications for these electronic devices are specific, and are expected to become more stringent with upcoming regulatory and legislative actions. Some industry watchers are expecting a mandate of these devices because of highway safety and security concerns. Thousands of fleets have used electronic logs since 1988, easing the burden of compliance and reaping productivity benefits. As of this writing there is no mandate for electronic logs, so fleets must find some benefit to justify the costs. Fleets may simply want to be good corporate citizens, ensuring that their vehicles are operated in a safe manner. Some fleets operate in a hazardous environment where safety and fatigue management are paramount. Many fleets obtain a return on their investment through other benefits of an onboard computer, such as better driving habits and productivity.
Several times since 1988, calls have been made by various groups to mandate electronic log devices in the name of highway safety. The Federal Motor Carrier Administration (FMCSA) calls these devices Electronic Onboard Recorders (EOBR's). An EOBR is a device that electronically automates drivers HOS record keeping requirements. An EOBR, by definition, does not include any other functionality such as fuel taxes, driving performance, or productivity tools. However, because fleets demand these other functions to obtain their return on investment, there are no pure EOBR devices on the market today.
Not all devices that are considered to produce "electronic logs" are compliant with these specifications. For example, in 1994 Werner Enterprises wanted to use their existing Qualcomm OmniTracs system to automate their drivers' logs. Because the system


text:
Discovery News announced yesterday that the spotted patterns on woodland species of wild cats are tied to the patterns of dappled light in their forest environments.
Cats in open ranges, such as lions, tend to have plain coloration. Tiger stripes, according to the University of Bristol researcher William Allen, are still something of a mystery.
Full article by Jennifer Viegas
Previous GurneyJourney post on Dappled Light


text:
Florida wildlife officials are looking for beaches where horseshoe crabs are mating.
Spring is the horseshoe crab mating season. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission is asking the public to report any sightings of the crabs in action. The survey helps biologists identify horseshoe crab nesting beaches.
Wildlife officials say the crabs provide food for migrating birds and other animals. The crabs also have medical uses, including cancer research.
The commission says overharvesting and loss of habitat have contributed to declining horseshoe crab populations. Shoreline development also disrupts their mating habits.
The state first began surveying horseshoe crab mating sites in 2002. Since then, more than 2,600 reports have been filed from across Florida.


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I want to use the Selenium method mouseMoveAt(java.lang.String locator,java.lang.String coordString). How do I set coordString?
For example, if coordString is the x,y position (10,20), what does that mean?
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
You could use following to get element position run time and use them
String xCoordinate = selenium.getElementPositionLeft("elementLocator");
String yCoordinate = selenium.getElementPositionTop("elementLocator");
share|improve this answer
Thanks Tarun, So In this case if I have to move my mouse at particular position i need to store the x,y values in string and then use mouseMoveAt() similar for clickAt() method etc... – smriti Jun 24 '11 at 12:23
yup you should try that – Tarun Jun 25 '11 at 1:53
Thanks again... – smriti Jun 26 '11 at 12:29
add comment
The above answer is not a possible solution because selenium.getElementPositionLeft("elementLocator"); returns a number and not a string and not just that it also gives an error which says that we cannot make static reference to non static methods.
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text:
Researchers have demonstrated that certain types of pain coping are correlated with less pain severity and disability and that there are differences between Caucasians and African-American pain patients in their use of specific coping strategies. However, the extent to which racial group differences exist in the associations between pain coping strategies and pain severity, interference, and disability is unclear. Furthermore, the role of education in these associations is uncertain. We recruited a diverse community sample of individuals with chronic pain and their spouses to examine this issue (N =105). Participants completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Sickness Impact Profile. Results showed that African-American participants reported significantly more pain severity, interference, and disability and reported using diverting attention and prayer and hoping pain-coping strategies significantly more often than Caucasian participants; however, only the racial group difference in prayer and hoping remained when controlling for education. We also examined whether race and education interacted with coping strategies in relating to pain and disability. Significant three-way interactions were found for physical and psychosocial disability, suggesting that educational level should be included in analyses exploring racial group differences. The results suggest the need for pain treatments that take into account the educational and cultural context of pain.
Psychology | Social and Behavioral Sciences
Cano, Annmarie; Mayo, Ainoa; and Ventimiglia, Matthew, "Coping, Pain Severity, Interference, and Disability: The Potential Mediating and Moderating Roles of Race and Education" (2006). Psychology Faculty Research Publications. Paper 2.


text:
Customized statistical tables
The statistical tool includes economic and social data from 195 countries and territories, with particular reference to children's well-being. Users can choose their countries and indicators to build tables on the fly, or download the numbers into an Excel spreadsheet.
Download the 10 statistical tables in one single PDF file or as individual files in PDF or excel formats.
Go to the downloadable statistical tables >>


Trickle)
Parallel in chunks is another type of snapshot approach where data objects are broken into chunks and snapshots are taken in parallel. Most of the tools support snapshot and the process are invoked in tandem. There are two ways to perform a snapshot in chunks: 1) table by table or 2) a large table split into small sets using primary keys or any unique row identifiers. In this approach, the snapshot duration and downtime window is greatly reduced. Good scripting skills required to prepare data migration tools for table or large table migration.
Snapshot - Parallel in Chunks (Trickle)
 - Data moved at one time with less downtime
 - Data moved in parallel - table by table or a large table in small sets
 - Application downtime required (less compared to Big Bang approach)
 - For large tables broken into small sets, primary key or unique row identifiers are mandatory
 - Script required to adjust the parallel approach
 - If a snapshot is interrupted, reinitiation is required.
5c. Change Data Capture (CDC - Data Sync)
There are different traditional Change Data Capture (CDC) approaches that have been available for decades. In the CDC model data migration, the software is designed to determine/track/capture the data that has changed on the source database in real-time and replay the same on the target database. Today CDC model software is in high demand because they distribute data between heterogeneous databases with low-latency, reliable, and scalable data. Most common CDC approaches for migrating Oracle to PostgreSQL databases are:
 - Trigger-based
 - Transaction Log-based
Trigger-based (CDC) — a remote trigger is created to capture DMLs (insert/update/delete) before or after and the sequence of transaction events is captured in changelog (shadow tables), then they are processed by the software to replay on the target database.
Transaction Log-based (CDC) — every database will have transaction logs (redos) to store all database transactions/events sequentially and be used in case of database crash recovery. Using native database transaction log plug-ins the transactions (DMLs) can be captured to change logs with some filters, transforms, and aggregations. Later, the sequence of captured DMLs will be replicated to the target database.
Both CDC approaches can be used to replicate data from Oracle to PostgreSQL. However, each has its own merits and limitations, depending on the requirements we can choose one of the available approaches. There are very good software options available to support both CDC approaches.
Change Data Capture
 - Data loaded continuously to target database (after initial snapshot)
 - User can access source database while data loads to target database
 - Data sync control (if interrupted, it can be resumed)
 - Partial replication (Set of tables can be replicated)
 - Need replication software
 - In trigger-based CDC, there could be a slight performance overhead
 - No Large Objects support
 - Partial to small application downtime (switchover time)
 - Only commercial/free to use tools available, no open source.
What Are the Free Tools Available for Data Migration?
There are open and free to use tools available for data migration in three different categories we have discussed in the blog. Below are the set of tools that we came across under those categories:
What are the free tools available for data migration?
I hope this blog helps you better understand the data migration strategies and tools available.
For a deeper dive, watch our on-demand webinar, Conquering Data Migration from Oracle to PostgreSQL
Conquering Data Migration from Oracle to Postgres
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Raghavendra Rao
Raghavendra Rao is a Managing Consultant in Professional Services Division in EnterpriseDB(Headquarters). He has been working with PostgreSQL since 2009 and over 20 years of working experience with relation database system...


Our Man Made Limestone
At Old World Stoneworks we fabricate our man-made limestone to emulate Indiana limestone also known as Bedford limestone, recognized to be the highest quality quarried limestone in the United States. Using a man-made limestone is a cost-effective alternative to natural limestone while still maintaining the inherit characteristics.
To make our limestone we use a dry mixture of finely grated aggregates and silica sand mixed with a bonding and hardening agent. We then put this mixture through a mulling machine where it is mixed with water in a forming process which makes it equally as durable and dense as natural limestone.


Report: 'Super PACs Are Kryptonite for US Democracy'
Published on
Common Dreams
Report: 'Super PACs Are Kryptonite for US Democracy'
Common Dreams staff
A joint analysis by Demos and US PIRG released today takes a detailed look at the increasing (and deleterious) impact that so-called Super PACs are having on elections in the United States. Super PACs are independent political action committees that can accept unlimited and often undisclosed financial contributions from donors to campaign for or against candidates or issues during an election.
The analysis, Auctioning Democracy: The Rise of Super PACs and the 2012 Election, concludes "that Super PACs are truly kryptonite for" democracy in the United States, and "undermine basic principles of citizen sovereignty and political equality, and can rob voters of the chance to evaluate political messages in light of the messenger."
In a statement released with the report co-authors Blair Bowie and Adam Lioz claim their findings, "confirm that Super PACs represent much of what is wrong with American democracy rolled neatly into one package: they provide a convenient avenue for for-profit businesses and wealthy donors to dominate the political process with a flood of sometimes secret cash."
The report's core findings:
 - For-profit businesses use Super PACs as an avenue to influence federal elections. 17% of the itemized funds raised by Super PACs came from for-profit businesses—more than $30 million.
 - Because Super PACs—unlike traditional PACs—may accept funds from nonprofits that are not required to disclose their donors, they provide a vehicle for secret funding of electoral campaigns. 6.4% of the itemized funds raised by Super PACs cannot be feasibly traced back to an original source.
 - Super PACs are a tool used by wealthy individuals and institutions to dominate the political process. 93% of the itemized funds raised by Super PACs from individuals in 2011 came in contributions of at least $10,000, from just twenty-three out of every 10 million people in the U.S. population.
And Politico, looking at the analysis, reports on the individual giving of wealthy individuals to Super PACs:
* * *
Obama Urges His Donors to Support Priorities USA, the largest pro-Obama Super PAC
The Los Angeles Times reports:
President Obama's decision to endorse a "super PAC" working on his behalf will test the devotion of his top contributors, who have yet to match the massive sums pouring into such groups allied with Republican presidential challengers.
In asking his top fundraisers to steer money to the main super PAC backing his reelection, Obama embraced a campaign vehicle he spent the last two years castigating — potentially undermining his efforts to cast himself as a reformer.
Liberals and political reform advocates on Tuesday denounced his decision to allow campaign officials and Cabinet members to headline fundraisers for Priorities USA Action.
It remains to be seen whether Democratic contributors will make the mammoth donations that have fueled the GOP-allied super PACs, such as the $8.6 million Dallas billionaire Harold Simmons and his company gave last year to groups such as American Crossroads.
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StartSpeechSynthesisTask - Amazon Polly
Allows the creation of an asynchronous synthesis task, by starting a new SpeechSynthesisTask. This operation requires all the standard information needed for speech synthesis, plus the name of an Amazon S3 bucket for the service to store the output of the synthesis task and two optional parameters (OutputS3KeyPrefix and SnsTopicArn). Once the synthesis task is created, this operation will return a SpeechSynthesisTask object, which will include an identifier of this task as well as the current status. The SpeechSynthesisTask object is available for 72 hours after starting the asynchronous synthesis task.
Request Syntax
POST /v1/synthesisTasks HTTP/1.1 Content-type: application/json { "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputS3BucketName": "string", "OutputS3KeyPrefix": "string", "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "Text": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" }
URI Request Parameters
The request does not use any URI parameters.
Request Body
The request accepts the following data in JSON format.
Specifies the engine (standard or neural) for Amazon Polly to use when processing input text for speech synthesis. Using a voice that is not supported for the engine selected will result in an error.
Type: String
Valid Values: standard | neural
Required: No
Optional language code for the Speech Synthesis request. This is only necessary if using a bilingual voice, such as Aditi, which can be used for either Indian English (en-IN) or Hindi (hi-IN).
If a bilingual voice is used and no language code is specified, Amazon Polly uses the default language of the bilingual voice. The default language for any voice is the one returned by the DescribeVoices operation for the LanguageCode parameter. For example, if no language code is specified, Aditi will use Indian English rather than Hindi.
Type: String
Valid Values: arb | cmn-CN | cy-GB | da-DK | de-DE | en-AU | en-GB | en-GB-WLS | en-IN | en-US | es-ES | es-MX | es-US | fr-CA | fr-FR | is-IS | it-IT | ja-JP | hi-IN | ko-KR | nb-NO | nl-NL | pl-PL | pt-BR | pt-PT | ro-RO | ru-RU | sv-SE | tr-TR
Required: No
List of one or more pronunciation lexicon names you want the service to apply during synthesis. Lexicons are applied only if the language of the lexicon is the same as the language of the voice.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 5 items.
Pattern: [0-9A-Za-z]{1,20}
Required: No
The format in which the returned output will be encoded. For audio stream, this will be mp3, ogg_vorbis, or pcm. For speech marks, this will be json.
Type: String
Valid Values: json | mp3 | ogg_vorbis | pcm
Required: Yes
Amazon S3 bucket name to which the output file will be saved.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[a-z0-9][\.\-a-z0-9]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$
Required: Yes
The Amazon S3 key prefix for the output speech file.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[0-9a-zA-Z\/\!\-_\.\*\'\(\):;\$@=+\,\?&]{0,800}$
Required: No
The audio frequency specified in Hz.
The valid values for mp3 and ogg_vorbis are "8000", "16000", "22050", and "24000". The default value for standard voices is "22050". The default value for neural voices is "24000".
Valid values for pcm are "8000" and "16000" The default value is "16000".
Type: String
Required: No
ARN for the SNS topic optionally used for providing status notification for a speech synthesis task.
Type: String
Pattern: ^arn:aws(-(cn|iso(-b)?|us-gov))?:sns:[a-z0-9_-]{1,50}:\d{12}:[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,256}$
Required: No
The type of speech marks returned for the input text.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 4 items.
Valid Values: sentence | ssml | viseme | word
Required: No
The input text to synthesize. If you specify ssml as the TextType, follow the SSML format for the input text.
Type: String
Required: Yes
Specifies whether the input text is plain text or SSML. The default value is plain text.
Type: String
Valid Values: ssml | text
Required: No
Voice ID to use for the synthesis.
Type: String
Valid Values: Aditi | Amy | Astrid | Bianca | Brian | Camila | Carla | Carmen | Celine | Chantal | Conchita | Cristiano | Dora | Emma | Enrique | Ewa | Filiz | Geraint | Giorgio | Gwyneth | Hans | Ines | Ivy | Jacek | Jan | Joanna | Joey | Justin | Karl | Kendra | Kevin | Kimberly | Lea | Liv | Lotte | Lucia | Lupe | Mads | Maja | Marlene | Mathieu | Matthew | Maxim | Mia | Miguel | Mizuki | Naja | Nicole | Penelope | Raveena | Ricardo | Ruben | Russell | Salli | Seoyeon | Takumi | Tatyana | Vicki | Vitoria | Zeina | Zhiyu
Required: Yes
Response Syntax
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-type: application/json { "SynthesisTask": { "CreationTime": number, "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputUri": "string", "RequestCharacters": number, "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "TaskId": "string", "TaskStatus": "string", "TaskStatusReason": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" } }
Response Elements
The following data is returned in JSON format by the service.
SynthesisTask object that provides information and attributes about a newly submitted speech synthesis task.
Type: SynthesisTask object
This engine is not compatible with the voice that you have designated. Choose a new voice that is compatible with the engine or change the engine and restart the operation.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 bucket name is invalid. Please check your input with S3 bucket naming requirements and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 key prefix is invalid. Please provide a valid S3 object key name.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The specified sample rate is not valid.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided SNS topic ARN is invalid. Please provide a valid SNS topic ARN and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The SSML you provided is invalid. Verify the SSML syntax, spelling of tags and values, and then try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The language specified is not currently supported by Amazon Polly in this capacity.
HTTP Status Code: 400
Amazon Polly can't find the specified lexicon. This could be caused by a lexicon that is missing, its name is misspelled or specifying a lexicon that is in a different region.
Verify that the lexicon exists, is in the region (see ListLexicons) and that you spelled its name is spelled correctly. Then try again.
HTTP Status Code: 404
Speech marks are not supported for the OutputFormat selected. Speech marks are only available for content in json format.
HTTP Status Code: 400
An unknown condition has caused a service failure.
HTTP Status Code: 500
SSML speech marks are not supported for plain text-type input.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The value of the "Text" parameter is longer than the accepted limits. For the SynthesizeSpeech API, the limit for input text is a maximum of 6000 characters total, of which no more than 3000 can be billed characters. For the StartSpeechSynthesisTask API, the maximum is 200,000 characters, of which no more than 100,000 can be billed characters. SSML tags are not counted as billed characters.
HTTP Status Code: 400
See Also


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Spray Dryer Technology at Elan Technology
Spray dryer technology allows various materials to be combined and then processed into a homogeneous, free-flowing powder. Many materials are spray dried simply to produce a dust-free powder. However, in many cases, such as catalysts, close control of the particle size distribution is required in order to ensure proper performance of the final material.
Spray drying is a process used to produce dry granular powders from a slurry, which is a mixture of liquid solution and solid materials. Production of powders is accomplished by rapidly drying the slurry using heated air. The slurry is introduced into the hot air stream via a rotating atomizer wheel or nozzles. While both methods produce granular product, the atomizer wheel provides a broader particle size distribution. Each method allows for very consistent control of the particle size distribution.
During Elan's spray drying process, operating conditions such as temperature, wheel speed (if applicable) and pump pressure are closely monitored to ensure consistent product quality. In-process quality control can be tailored to the requirements of each specific customer. However, we typically monitor particle size distribution, moisture content and bulk density.
Although a variety of liquids can be used to form the slurry, Elan Technology primarily processes aqueous based mixtures. We have the capability to prepare slurries onsite or we can accept bulk tankers of pre-mixed material. Specific batching instructions for toll spray drying are developed for each customer's materials based on their individual requirements.
Post-spray dying, materials can be screened to further refine the particle size distribution and then packaged in customer specified containers.


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When working in Microsoft Word, you've probably seen two different kinds of text with lines through it (commonly called a "strikethrough"). Red text with a red line through it happens when you delete text while the collaborative Track Changes feature is on. Black text with a black line just has special character formatting applied. Here's how it works.
Why Would You Want to Strike Through Text, Anyway?
It's a good question. Why cross out words when you can just delete them? When you're tracking changes in Word so that you can collaborate with other people, keeping that deleted text visible, but struck through, lets them know what has changed. They can even review those changes and accept or deny them.
We have a full guide on keeping track of changes made to a Word document, so we're not going to cover all that in this article. It's a good read, though, if you're collaborating on a document.
Instead, we're going to focus on how to apply strikethrough character formatting and why you might want to.
So, why bother? Well, you might be collaborating with someone and not want to use the Track Changes feature. Maybe they don't use Word or Microsoft Office, and you're sending it to them to view in Google Docs, or as a PDF they can print out.
Either way, you can strike through text as a suggestion that it be deleted, but leave it in place for them to see. This is particularly useful in a situation where, for example, you're tutoring a student in a subject like a foreign language. It's much easier for the student to learn if they can go back and see the mistakes along with the corrections.
Some writers also use strikethrough text (and
occasionally often overuse it) to show a change of thinking in a document. Or maybe you just want to be annoying funny.
Whatever the reason, we're here to show you how to do it.
How to Apply Strikethrough Formatting to Text
Applying strikethrough formatting is pretty easy. Start by selecting the text you want to strike through. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the text (or just double-clicking a word), but when you do this, Word likes to select the space after the text, as well. If you don't want that to happen, click to place your insertion point at the beginning of the text, and then Shift-click at the end of the text for a more precise selection.
If you want to get fancy and select multiple words spread out through the document at the same time, you can do that, too. Select the first bit of text the regular way, and then hold down the Ctrl key while selecting additional text in different places. We suggest only doing this a paragraph at a time because it's frustrating when you accidentally let go of the Ctrl key and have to start over.
When you have your text selected, look on the "Home" tab of Word's Ribbon. In the "Font" group, click the Strikethrough button (it's the three letters with a line drawn through them).
Now, any text you had selected should be struck through.
You can also apply strikethrough formatting using the Font window. Select your text, and then press Ctrl+D on Windows or Cmd+d on Mac to open that window up. Here, you can select not only the regular "Strikethrough" option but a "Double Strikethrough" option if you want to go that way, instead. Make your selection, and then click the "OK" button.
Make Things Easier By Creating a Keyboard Shortcut
Microsoft Word has loads of keyboard shortcuts, including a bunch for applying formatting. Unfortunately, there's no built-in shortcut for applying strikethrough formatting. If it's something you do a lot, though, you can create your own key combo.
Start by opening that Font window back up. Now, press Ctrl+Alt+Plus on Windows (you might have to use the Plus key on your number pad). Your cursor should very briefly turn into a clover shape. After that happens, click the "Strikethrough" option and a Customize Keyboard window should open.
Here, you can assign your preferred keyboard combo by clicking once in the "Press New Shortcut Key" box and then pressing the keys you want to use. If the combination you choose already has a shortcut function, Word will let you know that it's currently assigned to something else. You can, of course, still use it even if it's assigned to something else, but it's better to try to find a combination that doesn't have any current functions. We find Ctrl+Alt+- (minus) is pretty easy to remember and doesn't have any other use in Word.
Press the "Assign" button, and then go back to your Word doc and try it out.
Now you have your customized strikethrough shortcut!


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The Mavic uses DJI's newly developed OcuSync transmission system. Part of the Lightbridge family, OcuSync performs far better than Wi-Fi transmission at all transmission speeds. OcuSync also uses more effective digital compression and channel transmission technologies, allowing it to transmit HD video reliably even in environments with strong radio interference. Compared to traditional analog transmission, OcuSync can transmit video at 720p and 1080p – equivalent to a 4-10 times better quality, without a color cast, static interference, flickering or other problems associated with analog transmission. Even when using the same amount of radio transmission power, OcuSync transmits further than analog at 4.1mi (7km)*.OcuSync goes even further than optimizing the communication mechanism and parameters of aerial imaging. There are several video transmission systems on the market claiming to offer video transmission with zero latency. However, it should be noted that the physical layer of those transmission systems is too simple to adapt to changes in the environment. When affected by signal interference, the image quality of the video being transmitted will fall sharply. This means these systems are not suitable for far field transmissions and transmissions in interference-heavy environments. Also, because these video transmission systems are not integrated into the whole system, latency will immediately start to rise up from 0 when working with devices including cameras and displays. OcuSync is able to strike a perfect balance between latency and receptivity, reducing latency to 5ms for remote controller transmission commands, 10ms for video data and 130ms for videos. More than low enough to ensure that Mavic is able to fly reliably despite interference. OcuSync's integration with video processing, coding, and signal transmission systems also make it more cost effective.Before taking off, OcuSync will automatically scan the environment and choose the frequency band with the lowest interference, ensuring more stable video transmission. During a flight, it sends key flight parameters back for viewing in the DJI GO 4 app and supports a maximum download speed of 40Mb/s for photos and videos.There are many Wi-Fi based transmission systems available on market. However, the experience of using OcuSync is completely different. As Wi-Fi was primarily designed to connect electronic devices locally, it works best when connecting to nearby devices. As it was designed for short range, Wi-Fi systems use low cost transmitters that suffer from weak data links. This means that a Wi-Fi cannot detect weak signals or signals with interference. OcuSync however, uses many cutting-edge communication industry technologies to outperform Wi-Fi in terms of sensitivity, anti-interference, and anti-fading, as well as when flying at high speed. It also supports simultaneous connection to multiple devices.In use, this is the difference between smooth or interrupted transmission, short or long flight range, and short or long recovery times after interference or GPS signal loss. Additionally, since Wi-Fi uses a traditional protocol stack, it takes longer - from several seconds to tens of seconds – to get connected and to re-connect after signal loss But OcuSync uses Cross-Layer Protocol Design, it can establish or re-establish links within one second.As well as point-to-point video transmission, OcuSync also supports wireless connections to multiple devices. For example, you can connect the DJI Goggles, remote controller, and Mavic wirelessly to OcuSync all at the same time. You can also add an additional remote so that you can control the Mavic with two remotes or share First Person View (FPV) videos.* Unobstructed, free of interference, when FCC compliant.
FLY BY PHONE
Sometimes a phone is all you need to fly. Not only does the Mavic support flying on your phone with Virtual Joysticks, but you also have full access to all of its Intelligent Flight Modes — TapFly, Trace, Spotlight, and Profile. Using just your phone, you can capture photos and video so incredible, that no one will believe you did it just by tapping a screen!
AT YOUR COMMAND
The slightest movement of your fingers on the Mavic's control sticks is translated almost immediately into movement in the air, so you always feel in complete control. Its powerful motors and expertly optimized propellers, provide more power than you would expect for its size, making it able to fly smoothly in up to 24mph (38.5kph) winds.Sport Mode was designed for fun, giving the Mavic a top speed of 40mph (65kph), all the while ramping up agility and responsiveness, to give you a taste of drone racing. You can also use it to film something fast, or zip out to catch a shot before the moment passes. Even in Sport Mode, the Mavic will stop almost instantly if you let go of the controls, so no matter how fast you go, you can stop at any time.
4K ULTRA HD VIDEO
Electronic Image Stabilization (EIS) is a shake reduction technology based on image cropping. It is particularly popular among compact and small drones since they can be made more simply by replacing a 3-axis gimbal stabilized camera with a fixed camera and EIS. EIS works by cropping edges from a 4K image, and can theoretically create a smooth full HD 1080p video from an original 4K video. However, EIS is unable to completely eliminate shaking and introduces ripples in both photos and videos. In drones, EIS has three main problems:
1. EIS systems cannot shoot 4K or high frame rate video because cropping is necessary to reduce shake, and the amount of cropping will vary depending on the amount of movement. As 4K is currently the highest definition available for most cameras, 4K (or even 2.7K video) cannot be shot while using EIS. Additionally, as it takes time to process the cropping, recording video at high framerates is not possible, resulting in only 1080p video at 30fps.
2. Shooting perspectives cannot be controlled precisely. Without a gimbal, drones are forced to use a fisheye lens to allow shooting angle changes, but changing the angle only uses part of the camera view, negatively affecting the shooting experience.
3. Black edges may be introduced in the video in flight during a severe maneuver. This occurs because EIS technology clips beyond the edge of the video in an effort to keep the image stable.To provide true 4K aerial video and a smooth live feed, the Mavic Pro is equipped with the smallest high-precision 3-axis gimbal that DJI has ever made. With brushless motors on all three axes, the gimbal can control the camera with precision, adjusting it to eliminate shake caused by movement from the Mavic. This 4K camera uses core technologies found in all DJI cameras. It is equipped with a 1/2.3 inch CMOS image sensor, commonly found in professional sports cameras, and an aerial imaging optimized integrated lens with an equivalent focal length of 28mm. It shoots smooth 4K video at 30fps, 1080P video at 96fps and 12-megapixel photos.


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many women in the African diaspora throughout the Western world are eager to reclaim and renew their traditional Goddess cultures.
Among the Akan peoples of Ghana three goddesses seem to stand out. They are Nyame, Asaase Afia and Asaase Yaa.
Nyame is seen as the female originator, containing the male within herself. She is selfbegotten (cf. Orphic Hymn to Nature (Long 1992:67-69). As Nyame creates the universe female and male forces are separated. Her emblem is the Crux Decussata, the cross with equal arms pointing to the solstices and the equinoxes.
Asaase Yaa is Goddess of the fertile earth. Everything that grows on earth is in her care. Her sacred day is Friday, her sacred number is 8, and the animal which is her symbol is the goat. She is sister to or an aspect of Asaase Yaa, Queen and Creator of the Underworld who is also called Aberewa, Old Mother Earth, and Asaase Yaa Bo No Se - Mother Earth, Creator of the World. She is Mother of the Dead who are "buried in her pocket"
In the religion of the neighbouring Ashanti peoples, Assase Yaa is both mother goddess of the fertile earth and of the underworld. She is Guardian of the Dead. Her sacred day is Thursday when it is forbidden to till the earth or to procreate, but libations are poured for her on that day.
Among the Ibo peoples, Ala, Ale or Ane is the most important deity. She is spirit of the earth and Queen of the Underworld. She rules the ancestors who are in the earth. She is also Lady of the Law - lawmaking and law keeping. Again here we may see resemblances to Egyptian Maat, goddess of justice in this world and the next.
For the Dahomey, their goddess is Mawu, or Mawu-Lisa. Mawu is the mother of all creation. Her children include the gods and natural forces. Mawu-Lisa is shown as a two-sided figure, one side female, the other male. Her eyes are the moon and the sun. In Central Dahomey and Togo, Nana Buluku is the creator deity and mother of all beings.
The Ga people's major deity is Na Yu, Grandmother Goddess of Birth, linked with Na Afiye, Na Bake, Na DedeOyeadu. Wooden "dolls" are made as images of these goddesses and presented to pregnant women, or those wishing to become pregnant. These dolls are called Aku Ba and resemble the Egyptian Ankh (which may well be derived from them) and which is the symbol of life and immortality.
The Yoruba peoples worship Oya and Yernoya, river deities. Oya is known in many forms. Gleason (1987, 1992) explains that she may be a part of nature - wind, or fire; or an animal such as the African buffalo. She is "patron of feminine leadership"(1992:2). Olosa is a lagoon goddess while Osun is Goddess of the peoples of the river that bears her name. She heals the sick and is the goddess of childbirth.
There are many more goddesses in West Africa alone, and space does not permit a full list. One that must be mentioned is Dugbo, who for the Kono peoples is the Spirit of the Earth. She gives birth to vegetation, sustains animals and human beings and produces abundance. Her worshippers believe that social behaviour affects the earth and that moral codes have as their basis a right relationship with the land itself. This theme is not confined to one place or people, but is to be found in many traditional religions throughout Africa. Another goddess within this theme is Akonadi. She is not only an ancient goddess of justice but is worshipped today in a U.S. temple in Philadelphia.
It will be seen that the African goddesses are wholly connected with nature and also are closely linked the lives and moralities of their people. Social justice relates to appreciation and care for the earth; and peopleís behaviour in this respect even affects the world of the life to come. The sacrality of the earth, of the world that gives us our nourishment is an all-important feature of African goddess religions.
Judith Gleason. Oya. In Praise of an African Goddess
Luisah Teish Jambalaya
Eva Meyerowitz. The Sacred State of the Akan;
E.B. Idowu. African Traditional Religion
R.S. Rattray. Religion and art in Ashanti
E.G. Parrinder. African Traditional Religion
Sample Questions and Essays:
What similarities (if any) do you see between African goddesses and Wisdom?
Some African goddesses including several from Egypt) are depicted in various animal forms. What do you think is being conveyed by this?
It has been said that in Africa, magicians are mostly men who want to control nature, and witches are women who effortlessly are in synchronicity with nature and flow along with her. What are your views on this?
African goddesses are closely connected with the earth, and are also seen as the source of justice and of right living in the society. Why are the two themes connected? Are they relevant today?
Unit 9 :Wisdom, Nature and the Sacrality of the Planet
Attention to the sacrality of nature and a view of her as universal guide and source of wisdom, as well as the concept of Nature Herself as deity, were lost with the rise of patriarchal monotheistic religions. Jewish thought saw humankind as having been given dominion over the natural world which they were urged to treat respectfully, but always with the human - in fact the man - in control. Christianity for most of its history has concentrated on the state of the soul and its salvation, consigning the material world to an inferior status. The notion thus took root that the earth and this world were of little importance compared with the hereafter; further, that the spiritual dimension which encompassed the individual soul's journey in this life and the next was far superior to the material. This led to the view that man -the male human being - was aligned with the spiritual or the soul and must control woman, whose place was the "inferior" body or nature. Both Nature and woman must serve and act as a resource for'man'. Misogyny on a personal and societal basis, and total exploitation of Nature on a planetary scale leading to possible global disaster have been the presumably unintended results. Such patriarchal exploitation of Nature has also been shown by the Communist countries of Eastern Europe, particularly the ex-Soviet Union From a philosophy in opposition to religion, they took up in full the belief that man could, even should, wield power over nature, although this led to extremes of exploitation and desolation.
Today the Western ecology movement is trying to draw attention to this global situation, but is hampered by the general greed of its own society. The vast resources gap between North and South has meant that the rich, themselves not willing to give up their life styles, are calling upon the poor to forego amelioration of their hardship. They impose Western style development for profit, stripping the world of the South of its natural resources, and the people there of their natural heritage. Starker poverty for them is the result. It has fallen to the ecofeminists to remind us that women are traditionally the world's guardians of the ecosystem. Their age-old methods which conserve the land may well be based on an appreciation of the divine sacred female presence there. Vandana Shiva (1988) writing of India asserts that an appreciation of the feminine principle must be part of an ecological analysis. She reminds us of the Goddess of the Forest, Aranyi, who is the primary source of life and fertility; the women who work in the forest both use it for their needs and know how to conserve it. Western technology strips it bare. Aranyi is part of the earth - our mother -and Nature is the creator and source of wealth which she will share with us. There are strong similarities with our Wisdom goddesses here.
Rosemary Ruether (in: Plant, 1989:145-150) has defined ecofeminism from a theological standpoint. She writes: " an ecological-feminist theology of nature must rethink the whole Western theological tradition of the hierarchical chain of being and chain of command. The theology must question hierarchy of human over non-human..... it must unmask the structures of social domination...it must question the model of hierarchy that starts with the non-material spirit (God) as the source of the chain of being and continue down to non-spiritual'matter' as the bottom of the chain...and the most inferior ". This is a revolutionary statement overturning the normative patriarchal viewpoints, and asking us to start thinking again from the very beginning.
Starhawk (Plant, 1989: 174-184) calls for earth-based spirituality that will see this world as the living body of the Goddess. Other ecofeminists draw attention to the hierarchy that besets patriarchal ecologists who while understanding that a problem is there, cannot see that exclusion of feminist forms of thinking and exclusion of a sense of the divine immanence in the earth itself negates the usefulness of their actions. There is some awareness that seeks to acknowledge the work and knowledge of women allied to the divinity in Nature but it is hampered by patriarchal philosophy in the ecology movement as elsewhere. However there are signs of a change.
A recent conference in Britain brought together leaders of eight religious faiths to


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Bourdieu's construct of the field of power has received relatively little attention despite its novelty and theoretical potential. This paper explores the meaning and implications of the construct, and integrates it into a wider conception of the formation and functioning of elites at the highest level in society. Drawing on an extensive dataset profiling the careers of members of the French business elite, it compares and contrasts those who enter the field of power with those who fail to qualify for membership, exploring why some succeed as hyper-agents while others do not. The alliance of social origin and educational attainment, class and meritocracy, emerges as particularly compelling. The field of power is shown to be relatively variegated and fluid, connecting agents from different life worlds. Methodologically, this paper connects biographical data of top French directors with the field of power in France in a novel way, while presenting an operationalization of Bourdieu's concept of the field of power as applied to the French elite.
|Title of host publication||Elites on Trial|
|Editors||G. Morgan, P. Hirsch, S. Quack|
|Place of Publication||Bingley, U. K.|
|Publisher||Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.|
|Number of pages||31|
|Publication status||Published - 2015|
|Name||Research in the Sociology of Organizations|
- Bourdieu, elite careers, field of power, French business elites, hyper-agency, power
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Business elites and the field of power in France'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- Management - Associate Dean (Faculty)
- Strategy & Organisation
- Centre for Business, Organisations and Society (CBOS)
Person: Research & Teaching


Dried Apricots
The Fall 2018 semester is less than 2 weeks away, and so what better time to talk to you about drying some Apricots. This is a very basic problem that I hope many of you can solve on your own. For those of you that cannot, I believe you will be able to understand the solution without too much difficulty.
The 133rd Riddle put out by The Riddler included the following Eternal question about percentages:
You loaded a drying shed containing 1,000 kilograms of apricots. They were 99 percent water. After a day in the shed, they are now 98 percent water. How much do the apricots weigh now?
First of all, you should try this problem on your own. I think you can get it. Before you do, however, at least get a guess. That is the point of the problem, since even I was a little surprised by the answer.
The Solution
I'll talk you through it first, so that you can perhaps follow how a mathematician would do it afterwards.
If 99% of 1000 kilograms is water, than 990 kilograms of the apricots is water, leaving 10 kilograms (1%) of what will eventually be the purely dried-out apricots. These are all the initial values prior to the apricots going in the shed.
Now, they are left in the shed for a day, and some of the water has evaporated out of the apricots. We need to understand that the total weight of the apricots and the weight of the water has both decreased by some amount (the water that evaporated). We also need to understand that the 10 kilograms of dried apricots to-be has not changed.
If we are given that the apricots are now 98% water we want to deduce that the 10 kilograms of dried apricots to-be now represents 2% of the entire weight, rather than the original 1%.
So, 2% of what is equal to 10? That can be quickly found by dividing 10 by.02, which gives you 500. The answer is 500 kg.
Wait, what? The weight decreased by half? Did I do this right?
Indeed, we have, as you can check the answer seeing that both 500-10=490 and 0.98*500 = 490.
A mathematician would have given the unknown and desired quantity of the weight of apricots after a day some variable name, like w. Then, she would have set up the equation .02w=10, and solved for w by dividing both sides by.02.
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Are you lost on your bike? Fear not! The Vibrobelt could send you in the right direction. This smart belt will send subtle vibrations to guide bicyclists to their destinations.
The Vibrobelt was developed by Haska Steltenpohl and Anders Bouwer in the Intelligent Systems Lab at the University of Amsterdam. Their goal was to find a way to gently steer bicyclists to a location so they avoid being dangerously distracted by visual maps, GPS screens or smartphones.
Worn around the waist, the Vibrobelt gives waypoint, distance and endpoint information using directional tactile cues, according to its creators. The belt works by taking information about the route and translating it into unique buzzes that indicate where the bicyclist should go. For example, the vibration for going left is different from the one for going straight.
When the two researchers tested the belt against a GPS screen on a group of 20 volunteers who were taking unfamiliar routes, they found that everyone made it to their destinations just fine. However, the volunteers who used the Vibrobelt were able to navigate more quickly, remembered the route they took and could recall landmarks along it better. Paul Marks, writing for New Scientist, called the Vibrobelt "satnav for your waist."
Bouwer and Steltenpohl plan to refine their system and their paper about the Vibrobelt was accepted for the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, which takes place in Santa Monica next month. Wonder if they considered a smart bicycle seat cover. Although something like that might end up being a bit too, um, distracting.
Credit: Richard Masoner


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- Defined in:
The types of stances an exploit can take, such as passive or aggressive. Stances indicate whether or not the exploit triggers the exploit without waiting for one or more conditions to be met (aggressive) or whether it must wait for certain conditions to be satisfied before the exploit can be initiated (passive)
Constant Summary collapse
- Aggressive =
Used to indicate that an exploit takes an aggressive stance. This means that the exploit proactively triggers a vulnerability.
- Passive =
Used to indicate that an exploit takes a passive stance. This means that the exploit waits for interaction from a client or other entity before being able to trigger the vulnerability.


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Can you spot the asteroid in the star photo below?
|The asteroid Vesta moving among the stars of Eastern Capricornus in June-July 2011.
|The "East dome" Newtonian telescope at Brazos Bend State Park imaging the asteroid "Pratchett".
Here is a photo of a telescope at Brazos Bend State park imaging the asteroid "Pratchett". Can you identify what constellation is visible through the dome slit? Note the stars here are streaked because we
used a stationary camera, fixed to the Earth... which is rotating! The images of Vesta at the top of the page were taken with
a camera fixed to the telescope, which turns to track the stars... keeping a fixed orientation in space as the Earth turns
The red streaks were made by people moving around during the
exposure using very dim red flashlights to see their way in the dark. The red "bullseye" on the dome ceiling is
from the Telrad finder scope used to point the telescope. It projects a red bullseye onto the sky when you look through it,
and that's part of how the astronomers using the telescope get it pointed at just the right spot in the sky. But it also projects
a very dim red bullseye onto the inside of the telescope dome!
Was Vesta too easy? See if you can find the asteroid "Pratchett" in the images that were taken by the telescope above.
Back to Activities for kids!


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The brown trout is an economically important species, particularly due to its popularity with anglers, and stocks are maintained in many areas by artificial introductions (2).
This fish feeds on invertebrates, insect larvae, aerial insects, and molluscs, as well as the occasional fish and frog (4). Spawning occurs between January and March, when females are accompanied by a number of males. The eggs, which are fertilised externally, are covered with gravel by the female. For the first days after hatching, the young fish (fry) derive their nutrients from their large yolk sacs; they then feed on small arthropods, such as insect larvae (2). The maximum-recorded life span of a brown trout is 5 years (4).


author = {H. Schepker and A. Dekorsy},
 year = {2011},
 month = {Nov},
 title = {Sparse Multi-User Detection for CDMA Transmission using Greedy Algorithms},
 URL = {_URL_
 address={Aachen, Germany},
 abstract={A possible future application in communications is the uplink transmission with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in wireless sensor networks. Assuming that each sensor has a low activity factor, than the transmitted multi-user signal is sparse. Known detectors for Multi-User Detection (MUD) are not well suited to detect sparse signals. However, Compressive Sensing (CS) theory introduces detectors that are able to recover sparse signals reliably. These detectors are even able to detect sparse signals in under-determined systems. Thereby allowing the CDMA system to be overloaded, which increases the symbol-rate for a given bandwidth. This paper will explain how greedy CS algorithms can be used for sparse MUD and analyze their errorrate performance in the case of an overloaded CDMA system. Here we will focus on greedy algorithms as they are more efficient than other sparsity exploiting algorithms of CS.
 booktitle={8th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 11)}


Site Feedback
Undecided questions
Ciao miei amici. Question: how to use 'degli', 'delle', 'dei'?
On Rosetta Stone it's showing me the following:
*picture of 3 girls* = delle bambine
*picture of 4 boys* = dei bambini
*picture of 3 men* = degli uomini
*picture of 3 women* = delle donne
How is "delle donne" different from "le donne", and "delle bambine" different from "le bambine"? Do they both mean "women" and "children" (feminine)?
Thank you, my friends.
For learning: Italian
Base language: English
Category: Language
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.
 Sort by:
 The rule is simple, and the meaning is also simple:
 We have six determinative articles in Italy, giving the following
 six relations:
 dello = di + lo (of the)
 del = di + il
 della = di + la
 degli = di + gli
 dei = di + i
 delle = di + le
 With not determinative articles, you just say: di un, di uno, di una.
 If in a picture there are " delle bambine" it means there are " alcune bambine" ( some young girls/ female children)
 If in a picture there are " delle donne" it means there are " alcune donne" ( some women)
 If in a picture there are " degli uomini" it means there are" alcuni uomini" ( some men)
 If in a picture there are" dei bambini" it means there are" " alcuni bambini ( some children : they can be male or male and female together).
 In these sentences "delle, degli, dei" have the meaning of SOME ( alcuni, alcune). ( In these cases this function is called partitive function)
 The same function is in the following sentence:"Please, can you give me some bread?" in Italian :" Per favore, puoi darmi/ passarmi DEL pane (... del pane = un po' di pane= some bread).
 Del, dello, della ( singolar) / Dei, degli, delle ( plural) can have also other functions other meanings.
 One example : " E' molto pericoloso avvicinarsi alla tana DEI leoni " ( It is very dangerous to come up to the den OF THE lions/ the lions'den)
 Del, dello, Della, Dei, Degli, Delle are called = preposizioni articolate. They are formed with the preposizione DI+ THE DETERMINATIVE ARTICLE.
 I am not sure if I have understood your question well. I hope yes.
 they mean "some" so for ex: some women delle donne
 masculine: dei (read: day) before consonants feminine :delle (read dell-eh) before vowels and consonants
 masculine :degli (readdeh-lyee) before vowels, z, gn, or s + cons.
 if you understood this you will get also how to use them and how they are made.
 Submit your answer
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.


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Skip to Main Content
IT SPIRAL is a collaborative project by nine universities and four industries to develop a common curriculum for teaching software engineering. It combines existing foundation educational practices at the individual universities, a shared DVD library on advanced software engineering topics, and common intensive sessions led by industry participants. It aims to develop advanced IT skills in top-level students, shared educational skills and materials among the universities, and practical cooperation with industry to focus and advance masters level software engineering education. IT SPIRAL combines fundamentals, advanced topics, and a practical focus in a scalable approach to developing world-class software engineers.


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Agency Profile: Childcare Resources
Children are one of our greatest natural resources, and it is imperative that they receive quality care from trained and supported staff to help them reach their full potential. Childcare Resources makes this possible by providing information, education, and assistance to families, providers of child care, and the community.
Central Alabama's only child care resource and referral agency, Childcare Resources was created as the outgrowth of a child care task force convened by United Way of Central Alabama in 1984 to address critical child care needs identified in Jefferson, Shelby, and Walker Counties, with Blount County added to the service area in 1988.
- Financial assistance for low-to-moderate income working families
- Quality training and technical assistance for child care providers, including a free early learning resource library and mobile resource library van
- Research-based parent education resources
- Assistance to hundreds of families in our community seeking quality child care options for their young children through free resource and referral services


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Authors: By GEORGE JAHN
VIENNA (AP) -- A revolutionary discovery is rewriting the history of underwear: Some 600 years ago, women wore bras.
The University of Innsbruck said Wednesday that archeologists found four linen bras dating from the Middle Ages in an Austrian castle. Fashion experts describe the find as surprising because the bra had commonly been thought to be only little more than 100 years old as women abandoned the tight corset.
Instead, it appears the bra came first, followed by the corset, followed by the reinvented bra.
One specimen in particular "looks exactly like a (modern) brassiere," says Hilary Davidson, fashion curator for the London Museum. "These are amazing finds."
Although the linen garments were unearthed in 2008, they did not make news until now says Beatrix Nutz, the archaeologist responsible for the discovery.
Researching the items and carbon dating them to make sure they were genuine took some time. She delivered a lecture on them last year but the information stayed within academic circles until a recent article in the BBC History Magazine.
"We didn't believe it ourselves," she said in a telephone call from the Tyrolean city of Innsbruck. "From what we knew, there was no such thing as bra-like garments in the 15th century."
The university said the four bras were among more than 2,700 textile fragments - some linen, others linen combined with cotton - that were found intermixed with dirt, wood, straw and pieces of leather.
"Four linen textiles resemble modern-time bras" with distinct cups and one in particular looks like today's version, it said, with "two broad shoulder straps and a possible back strap, not preserved but indicated by partially torn edges of the cups onto which it was attached."
And the lingerie was not only functional.
The bras were intricately decorated with lace and other ornamentation, the statement said, suggesting they were also meant to please a suitor.
While paintings of the era show outerwear, they do not reveal what women wore beneath. Davidson, the fashion curator, described the finds as "kind of a missing link" in the history of women's underwear.
Women started experimenting with bra-like garments in the late 1800s and the first modern brassiere was patented in the early 19th century. It is thought to have been invented by New York socialite Mary Phelps Jacob, who was unhappy with the look of her gown over a stiff corset.
Also found at Lemberg Castle in Tyrol was a linen undergarment that looks very much like a pair of panties. But Nutz said it is men's underwear - women did not wear anything under their flowing skirts back then.
"Underpants were considered a symbol of male dominance and power," she said.
Medieval drawings often show a man and a woman fighting for a pair of underpants in a symbolic battle to see who "wears the trousers" in the family.


Handfasting is an ancient ritual that embodies the qualities of a loving relationship: commitment, coming together and trust.
In its simplest form, two hands are bound together using cords or ribbons. Simple yet symbolic: a Handfasting can be at once deeply personal and universal in meaning.
Wild Handfasting
The roots of Handfasting lie in ancient Celtic tradition and are wild by nature; often occuring outdoors and fitting beautifully onto a natural backdrop.
They are perfect for anyone who does not feel connected to or welcomed by other marriage traditions. The simplicity of the action can resonate with a number of different faiths, beliefs and intentions.
They evoke a sense of history and connection to our ancient past. If you are planning a historical or fantasy themed wedding a Handfasting brings a sense of tradition that does not rely on a specific religion or time period.
A Handfasting can also be simple and uncomplicated. If you long for an understated and meaningful moment of marriage, handfasting can evoke a depth of emotion without endless words and props.
Wild Ways to Handfast…
1. A Pagan Handfasting
(for Pagans or those of a pagan persuasion)
Handfasting has become a popular alternative to a traditional wedding ceremony for Pagans. If you are Pagan and dreaming of a wedding ceremony that reflects your faith, your Handfasting can be tailored to reflect your personal path/tradition, including eclectic and solitary ones.
Your Handfasting can include…
Creating and blessing a sacred space within which to hold the rite
Invoking the Elements and/or any other energies/deities that resonate
Speaking vows, recieving blessings from one another or guests
The handfasting ritual
Other symbolic acts (e.g: jumping the broom, sharing a cup, making a toast)
Sharing of 'cake and wine'
Giving thanks and closing the sacred space
2. A Wild Handfasting
(for folks who are wild at heart)
An outdoor ceremony built around the central act of handfasting, that is not rooted in a particular belief system, but can include elements of spirituality if you wish. A Wild Handfasting might include:
Welcoming guests
Encouraging presence through a mindful awareness of place and intention
Making vows, recieving blessings or wishes
Exchanging rings
The handfasting
Other symbolic acts (e.g: candle lighting, sand ceremony, ring warming)
Proclimation of marriage
Confetti throwing
3. A handfasting Moment
(in another ceremony)
Handfasting (with a small 'h') can be used to symbolise commitment and coming together in a number of different ceremony types, including:
Indoor weddings
Wedding blessings (after a legal ceremony)
Betrothal/Engagement celebration
Vow Renewal
Remember! Every ceremony I create starts as a blank page and will be tailored to suit your unique needs.
On the Day of your Handfasting…
I arrive with plenty of time to spare and ensure the space is set and prepared for the ceremony we have planned. This can include a cleansing and blessing should you wish and I will provide the necessary tools for this.
I liaise with any staff, family, and friends who are involved in the ceremony. If you would like to include a rehearsal before the day this can be arranged.
After the ceremony I can meet your guests and answer any questions. I will ensure any items of importance, from the ceremony, are safely packed away.
A celebration copy of your Handfasting will arrive soon after for you to keep; a treasured memory of your wild and wonderful day!
Handfasting / Wedding Ceremony Fee: From £500
Added costs for travel/accommodation may be incurred depending on venue location
Prices vary for handfasting moments, private ceremonies (under 10 people) and elopements
the hands of a couple are bound together with many coloured cords and ribbons, in a Handfasting. In the foreground a drum is visible in the hands of Celebrant Keli Tomlin
To find out how Handfastings are being reshaped for 2020-21 click here


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Project location: Hobart, Tasmania
Funding recipients: Glenorchy City Council
Total Australian Government funding: $9,244,000 (GST exclusive)
Water savings: up to 1500 ML/yr
About the project:
The project will harvest stormwater from the catchment of Derwent Park, treated via gross pollutant traps and reverse osmosis, and then used for the irrigation of gardens and sports ovals at the Moonah Primary School and for industrial processes at the Nyrstar Hobart Smelter. Aquifer Storage and Recovery Bores will be used to store harvested water underground during high flow periods. The project aims to substitute up to 1500 megalitres of potable water each year (ML/yr) currently used by local industrial and commercial entities and the community.
- To reduce up to 1500 megalitres of potable water each year by harvesting, treating and reusing stormwater for open space irrigation and commercial and industrial purposes.
- Reduce the impact of urban stormwater runoff on water quality in receiving waters.
- To provide an educational opportunity to learn about the benefits and uses of stormwater harvested from the local catchment
The construction of the project commenced in May 2012 and is fully underway. The project aims to be completed by December 2013.
Details of the Derwent Park Stormwater Harvesting Project can be located at _URL_
Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse projects are funded by the Australian Government's Water for the Future initiative.
For up-to-date information about the Water for the Future initiative.


Ace Combat Fanon Wiki
The Reborn Knights of Belka, also known as Felsen Belka, was a rebel faction formed in 2016 after the end of the Annean Continental War. They proved to be a serious threat during the Second Osean Continental War in 2017.
Origins and Rise to Power (Unknown Year - Early 2017)
The origins of the Reborn Knights of Belka remain shrouded in mystery and speculation, but it is believed to have had its roots in the Falcons of Dawn and the Gray Men, even though the future leader of the Reborn Knights of Belka condemned their actions openly, which ultimately lead to him siding with the Ghosts of Razgriz in 2010. However, in 2016, Brigadier General Erik Felsen, leader of the 8th Air Division sent to reinforce Emmeria during the Annean Continental War realized that Osea had drastically reduced its military after 2010, as did the rest of the world; furthermore, there was widespread discontent in Belka over the failure of the Gray Men. The people demanded reparations to be given to them by Osea for their humilation 21 years prior at the Belkan War's conclusion. Felsen, a political genius in his own right, saw this as an opportunity to make his move, using a far different philosophy from his predecessors. He believed that Belka must obtain an honorable victory in open war, and for that reason, his group of rebels were dubbed the 'Reborn Knights of Belka', as they seemed to revive the chivalry once characteristic of all Belkan military personel long ago; this gave them widespread admiration and support by the time the began their coup in January of 2017.
At first it was believed to be a reemergance of the 'Falcons of Dawn', a terrorist group formed in 1996 and all but eradicated by 2006, but in truth these rebels were not ordinary terrorists; in fact, they were made up entirely of trained soldiers from the militaries of Osea, Ustio and of course Nord Belka. Under the brilliant and charismatic leadership of Erik Felsen and after an awe-inspiring show of strength, the group rose to power in a virtually bloodless Coup D'etat.
The Second Osean Continental War (Mid-Late 2017)
(Being rewritten; WIP)
Aftermath (2018-)
The Reborn Knights of Belka had fallen, and with them fell Belka as a nation, which as of now it no longer was. The General Resource Limited company, no longer nationalized but maintaining a formidable security force was given the task of restoring order to the region in exchange for the right to covern all of North and South Belka once that has been completed. In the meantime, war crimes tribunals hunted down and executed every major politician and military leader from the rebel government for war crimes...except for one that was never accounted for. Erik Felsen, humiliated and defeated, fled from Dinsmark and arrived in Erusea, only to be dragged into the Erusian Civil War, and then managed to escape on a small charter boat to the Aurelian Continent, where an old contact of his gave him a home at a fruit plantation in the rural areas to the west of Griswald (even this place wasn't safe as he found himself dragged into the Aurelia-Laesath War); he was never found until four hours prior to his death on January 1st, 2045, officially bringing the Reborn Knights of Belka to its final end.
 - The flag of the Reborn Knights is in fact the historical flag of the legendary Knights Sudentor, an order of medieval Paladins that served under the Royal Kingdom of Sudentor and gained legendary status serving in religious crusades between the years 1000 and 1250. The descendents of this order would eventually make up many of the signers of the so-called "Treaty of Sudentor" in 1889, creating the Principality of Belka.
 - While presumably a restoration of the Belkan Monarchy, the Kaiser only had a nominal role as a figurehead, and thus cannot be considered the true leader; that honor goes to Erik Felsen, the commander of its Armed Forces and leader of the "Chivalry Party" in the Belkan Reichstag that took control of Belka in 2016. This was made even more obvious when the Kaiser died in early 2017 after being shot by an escaped patient from a local mental hospital, following which the monarchy was abolished and became known as the Military Dictatorship it always was.


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Vance Dickason Consulting, 333 S. State St., Ste. 152, Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Although successful CAE software that allows the accurate simulation and development of loudspeaker enclosures and crossover networks has been available for professional design work for several years, a number of loudspeaker industry practitioners still persist in using traditional methods of ''cut and try.'' This presentation outlines a computer-aided loudspeaker development case study of a commercial three-way loudspeaker using a vented enclosure and a crossover network that incorporated fourth-order acoustic slopes. Measurement of the resulting prototype showed close agreement, within 0.5--1 dB, with the computer simulation. Time required for the development of the fairly complex crossover network determined for this loudspeaker was less than 1.5 h, substantially less than what is generally expected of ''cut and try'' methods. Key to the resulting accuracy using this type of computer software is the correct portrayal of interdriver time delay and driver phase. Driver phase for this project was derived from the driver magnitude using a highly sophisticated phase calculation methodology, as opposed to being directly measured with a two-port analyzer. Other criteria responsible for the success of the loudspeaker modeling portrayed in this case study are the ability to predetermine the group delay performance of the enclosure design, and the ability to examine crossover network transfer function during the design process.


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While the Fast Startup feature provides quick access to your computer, it can sometimes cause problems. You will find below 3 different ways to Disable Fast Startup in Windows 10.
How Fast Startup Works
The Fast Startup feature in Windows 10 works by forcing your computer to enter a deeper state of hibernation mode, instead of completely shutting down.
When a Fast Startup enabled computer is shut down, it closes all programs/files, logs off all Users, alerts device drivers to prepare for hibernation, saves the current system state to hibernation file and turns off the computer.
When the computer restarts, it can simply use the Hibernation file to spring back to life, without the need to individually reload drivers, kernels and related system files.
While the Fast Startup feature can be easily disabled on your computer, it is known to return back after a major Windows update.
Why Disable Fast Startup?
While most users continue using Fast Startup without even being aware of it, some users want to disable Fast Startup for the following reasons.
1. Fast Startup prevents the computer from shutting down properly, which results in open files not being saved and updates not being applied during shutdown (they are applied when you restart).
2. Depending on the computer, Fast Startup may prevent you from accessing BIOS/UEFI settings during Shut Down.
3. While Fast Startup provides significant boost to startup times on computers using HDD drives, it has lesser impact on computers using SSD Drives.
4. Fast Startup is known to interfere with encrypted disk images. The solution for this problem is to manually dismount encrypted drivers before shutdown.
5. When you shut down a Fast Startup enabled computer, it locks down the Hard Drive and prevents it from being accessed using another operating system (Dual Boot).
6. Fast Startup uses the Hibernate File, which takes up storage space.
If you are using Dual Boot, it is recommended that you disable Fast Startup, as users have reported instances of File and Hard Disk corruption.
1. Disable Fast Startup Using Settings
The Fast Startup feature in Windows 10 has also been blamed for causing this problem.
1. Right-click on the Start button and click on Power Options.
2. On the next screen, scroll down in the right-pane and click on Additional Power Settings Link.
3. On Power Options Screen, click on Choose What the Power Buttons Do link.
4. On the next screen, scroll down to "Shutdown Settings" and uncheck Turn on fast startup option.
5. Click on Save Changes button.
This will disable Fast Startup on your computer, until the next major Windows 10 update.
Note: If you do not see the Fast Startup option, it means that Hibernate Mode is not enabled on your computer. You can quickly enable Hibernate Mode by opening Command Prompt and executing powercfg/hibernate on command.
2. Disable Fast Startup Using Control Panel
If you are still fond of using the Control Panel, you can follow the steps below to disable Fast Startup on your computer.
1. Open Control Panel on your computer.
2. On the Control Panel screen, navigate to Hardware and Sound > Power Options and click on Change What the Power Buttons Do.
3. On the next screen, scroll down to "Shutdown Settings" and uncheck Turn on fast startup option.
4. Click on Save Changes to save and implement this change on your computer.
3. Permanently Disable Fast Startup Using Registry
This method should prevent Windows 10 from enabling Fast Startup via an update. It is recommended that you backup registry files before going ahead with these steps.
1. Right-click on the Start button and click on Run.
2. In Run Command window, type regedit and click on OK.
3. On the Registry screen, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Policies/Microsoft/Windows/System
4. Right-click in the right-pane and select New DWORD option.
5. Name the New DWORD as HiberbootEnabled and make sure its value is 0 (which will be 0 by default).
Exit Registry and restart your computer.