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Ask the Experts
How are franchise territories defined?
Franchisors define trading territories using a variety of criteria, but let's look first at how they should be calculated.
An established business will be able to assess its historical performance to work out what its market share has been, given an area containing a certain number of customers for the product or service. Bear in mind such customers could be defined simply by total population, population of a certain age profile, number of owner-occupied homes of a certain type, total number of small businesses, number of a particular type of business, or even number of households with gardens, young children or pets.
Once the business has worked out how many potential customers are needed to enable a franchisee to meet its targets, it knows how many potential territories there are in the country.
It's then a question of defining the boundaries of these territories, and this is often best done by using postcodes, as it is possible to acquire data that outlines how many of a certain type of customer exists in a particular postcode. Add together enough postcodes to get the desired number in a territory, then repeat the exercise however many times is necessary to map out the entire country, though note that circumstances change and the method should be kept under regular review.
Less sophisticated franchisors have been known to simply rely on county boundaries, local authority regions or Yellow Pages areas, but these tend to produce areas of unequal potential.
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The Comparison of the Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and Diphenhydramine on the Nightly Cough and Sleep Quality of Children and Their Parents
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, July 12, 2010
Objectives: Coughing is a prevalent symptom of upper respiratory infections (URIs) that cause disturbance in the sleep of children and their parents. There is as yet no reliable treatment to control URIs and their related cough; however, drugs such as dextromethorphan (DM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) are now mainly used in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of honey, DM, and DPH on the nightly cough and sleep quality of children and their parents.
Design: This was a clinical trial study in which 139 children aged 24–60 months suffering from coughing due to URIs were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups. The first group received honey (HG), the second one DM (DMG), the third DPH (DPHG), but the fourth group or control group (CG) was assigned to a supportive treatment.
Outcome measures: After approximately a 24-hour intervention, the 4 groups were reexamined and their cough frequency, cough severity, and sleep quality in children and their parents were recorded by using the questionnaire with Likert-type questions.
Results: The mean of cough frequency score HG is 4.09±0.72 and 1.93±0.65 before and after the intervention, respectively, while these figures for the CG are 4.11±0.78 and 3.11±0.57, respectively. After the intervention, the difference of the mean score of the variables in all groups became statistically significant. The mean score of all variables in HG has stood significantly higher than those in other groups. There is also a significant relationship between the DMG and CG groups, even though there is no statistically difference between DMG and DPHG groups.
Conclusions: The result of the study demonstrated that receiving a 2.5-mL dose of honey before sleep has a more alleviating effect on URIs-induced cough compared with DM and DPH doses.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Have you ever felt a rush of emotions? Being nostalgic about the time you spent with your loved one? You probably started missing them more as you read this. If 'I miss her' is the first thought that came to your mind then it's normal to feel that way as it depicts the love you once had for them. Missing someone with whom you planned your whole life and not being able to do anything about it, is a painful emotion. You feel sad, lonely, angry, and frustrated all at the same time.
Although it is hard to let go of the painful emotions whether it is after a breakup or after the death of a loved one, it surely is not impossible. It might take months to get back to your normal self, but it will be worth it after all. So, if the signs mentioned below sounds familiar, you are in for some sure-fire ways that will not only help you in overcoming the painful emotions but will also make you a controlled and transformed person.
What are the signs of missing someone?
It is natural to miss the person you have been emotionally attached to. You miss a person when they really matter to you. Remembering all the good times and the bad ones. You are nostalgic about the happy moments and you wish how them being around can change the way you feel at the moment. You unconsciously remember them in every prayer and hope for their wellbeing.
Not only that but you want them to be around whenever you are in trouble or you have good news to share. When something you watch or listen to reminds you of them. When you imagine how they would have handled things if they were around. Your life feels incomplete without them. You just can't function properly without talking to them for a day or two even. These among others are some of the signs of missing someone you shared a bond with. The feeling of longing engulfs you sometimes and makes you sob into your pillow at night. Now having said that, let's address the most asked question associated with missing a person.
Is missing someone a sign of love?
You might think, 'I miss her, but is it a sign of love?' you will miss a person but it is not always out of love. As One Cents Worth says it can be infatuation, a crush, lust, or simply attraction. The initial stages of falling for a person makes you miss their absence. However, it is not only associated with romantic relationships. You can miss a person with whom you don't share a romantic bond. Like your family, friends, or even your favorite colleague at work.
Missing someone is not necessarily a sign of love but you cannot love a person whom you don't miss. If you are unbothered by the absence or presence of a person, then it clearly means that you don't love them. Because love requires concern and care. It is the desire of having them around you. So, before committing to a serious relationship, observe the time you spend apart and monitor your feelings first to know if you love them or not.
I miss her | 6 amazing ways to stop missing her
If you are heartbroken and want to get rid of the memories of the person who shattered your heart into a million pieces, you came to the right place. Read on to know some amazing ways to stop missing your ex and carry on with your life happily.
1- Embrace your emotions
The rush of emotions after a breakup or after a loved one's death engulfs you to the core. It feels like a roller coaster ride of never-ending emotions. The sadness, anger, frustration, longing seems too overwhelming to deal with. There are days when you just want to lay in the bed, crying your heart out. You won't feel like eating anything or dressing up for work even.
All the feelings seem too hard to handle at times. You cannot get rid of them all at once. It has to be that way as you had invested your time, effort, and emotions in a person who now no longer exists in your life. But, you need to move on from it now. There's no quick fix to it nor is there any magic wand to ease your heart at once. You just need to embrace your emotions.
Accept what you are feeling instead of showing it your back. If you miss a certain someone, accept it and say it out loud to yourself or write it down on a piece of paper. What I usually advise is to write about how you feel. Think of it as a letter to that person. Pour your heart out but don't show it to anyone. You'll certainly feel much better after you realize how you feel and accept it. So, erase the phrase 'I miss her' from your dictionary once and for all with this amazing tip.
Related; How to Be Happy with Yourself
2- Distract yourself with something that interests you
After a breakup, it is normal to not want to do anything and just lay in bed the whole day. However, it is not good for your mental and physical health at all. Lying in bed the whole day, scrolling through the pictures, or reading the old chats, will make you feel even worse. On the contrary, you should get moving no matter how you feel.
Distract yourself with something that interests you. Find a new hobby or carry on with the older one. Watch a movie at home or go out with your friends. Keep yourself busy so that your mind no longer wanders to bring back the emotions associated with that person. It is easy to mourn over a loss, time and again when you have nothing else to do. But, it is a vicious cycle which you need to break consciously.
Normally, when someone says to me ' I miss her so much it hurts,' It is because they never really make a conscious effort to come out of the loss. They just look at life blankly wondering they have nothing substantial to do now. Well let me tell you one thing, your life is as important without them as it was with them. Life goes on. People come and go, so you need to move on too. Stop thinking too much and just find something you enjoy doing. Go for a walk or join a gym. The rush of endorphins after a workout will surely make you feel better.
3- Focus on yourself and your career
Now that you have all the time in the world to spare on yourself, make good use of it. Focus on yourself. Look deeper into your positive and negative attributes. Maybe some of your negative traits were the cause of a breakup. Observe them and try to fix them. You cannot make up for the failed relationship but you can surely improve your future relationships with this strategy.
Also, do some meaningful work each day whether it is for your personal or professional development. Choose a career that you enjoy. This way even if you are going through hard times personally you wouldn't feel exhausted professionally. Waking up in the morning and dressing up for the work you love would most likely fade away from your pain for a few hours. Interacting with like-minded people would prove to be encouraging and refreshing too.
So, if you were thinking 'how can I stop missing her?' think about 'how can I focus on myself and my career. 'Because life is too short to waste it mourning over a person who didn't even value you in the first place. Thus, enrol in a professional course, learn a new skill, or even volunteer anywhere if you want to. Spending this time on your personal improvement and development will be highly beneficial in the longer run.
Related; how to improve yourself every day
4- Be social to stop missing her
As much as you hate facing people after you have had a breakup, you should do it more often. Stop spending the whole day at your house. Go out and meet your friends. Although they would ask about your love life, however, that shouldn't be something to be ashamed of. Just put the facts straight. The more you avoid something, the greater the fear and pain attached to it. Say that you are no longer together due to some odd reasons. You'll instantly notice that it just lifted a certain weight over your shoulders.
It is okay to not want to interact with someone in the initial days of a breakup. Cry if you must, be angry or sad. But, not for too long. After certain days it will become extremely toxic and disturbing to handle all alone. So, lean on the people you trust. Share your feelings with them and see how your perspective changes on things.
Join a club, go to a party, or have a Saturday movie night at your friend's house. Surrounding yourself with people is an instant therapy to boost your mood and uplift your morale. You won't feel sorry for yourself and you'll look at life from a different perspective eventually.
5- Change your lifestyle
Often times when we are in a relationship with someone we change our schedules to suit each other's and spend the most we can with one another. However, after a breakup with the same person if you continue following the same lifestyle you will keep on remembering them at every moment of the day. It is advisable to change your lifestyle after a breakup. This way you won't have to sit alone thinking about them each time you prepare breakfast in the morning or watch a movie on Saturday night.
If you had the habit of going for a walk with your partner in the evening, shift it to the morning. If you wanted to learn a new skill or try something for fun like skydiving or ice-skating, but you couldn't just because your partner was scared. Then this is the perfect time to give it a try.
Focus on yourself and your lifestyle as much as you can. Experiment with it and get rid of all the habits that you acquired


When you think of traditional corporate video production there is a stereotype of the video being boring and dull. Now in the past this was correct. Corporate video production used to not be very engaging, simply a tool for brand awareness.
However, the video production landscape has changed. Video is now more engaging and the key to moving your audience, through appealing to their emotions.
Through creative and experimental ways, the increase in businesses connecting to an audience on an emotional level has become highly prevalent. Today authenticity and personal corporate videos are rewarded over the standard facts and figures of a product or service.
How Effective Is Emotion In Corporate Video Production?
Using the right balance of emotion throughout the corporate video production process makes for a compelling watch. If you can bring tears to an audience members eyes or make them laugh you connected with them.
And if you connected with them on a human level chances are they are going to converse with others about your video and share it online. This is what you want, to improve your reach but also to start a conversation.
Humans are social creatures and the art of storytelling is to create something that resonates with people, something they can relate to. The greater the emotional impact, the greater the success rate of your video.
What Are The Most Effective Emotions To Evoke?
With different business models different emotions to target will be relevant. You first have to consider what type of emotions you wish to elicit in a consumer. Positive emotions like happiness tend to evoke a more positive response.
Content Marketing Agency Fractl created a study analysing what the most popular emotional responses revolving around viral content.
Their study found the top ten emotional responses to viral content were:
 1. Happiness
 2. Surprise
 3. Admiration
 4. Satisfaction
 5. Hope
 6. Love
 7. Happiness for
 8. Concentration
 9. Pride
 10. Gratification
The bottom emotional responses to viral content were:
 1. Hate
 2. Reproach
 3. Resentment
 4. Gloating
 5. Shame
 6. Anger
 7. Remorse
 8. Depression
 9. Annoyance
 10. Disappointment
3 Examples Of Effective Emotional Marketing In Corporate Video
Parisian Love by Google
HubSpot Culture by HubSpot
Living A Richer Life | Airbnb Hosts by Airbnb
Corporate Video Production In Dublin
At Estivus we know how important it is to convey emotion within your corporate video. Our video production service based in Dublin works in a way that conveys just that.
If you are ready to make the move to using corporate video to connect with your audience on a human level then pick up the phone and call us today on 01 _PHONE_. Alternatively, you can email [email protected].
Still not convinced? Check out some examples of our corporate video production right here.


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The Kelvin problem - what packing minimizes the surface area in 3D space?
For over 100 years, the Kelvin structure composed of truncated octahedrons was believed to be the unit cell, which divided 3D space with minimum surface area. In 1994, the Weaire-Phelan structure was proposed, which shows 0.3% less surface area than the Kelvin structure. Although monodisperse foams have been used to address this problem and realize the structure, high density difference between gas and liquid and lack of technology to make monodisperse bubbles at micron scale have severely restricted their production and observation.
We are studying this problem with monodisperse emulsion drops, instead of foam. Microfluidic technique facilitates the production of such small and uniform drops. As continuous phase evaporates, monodisperse drops are densely packed without coalescence, minimizing their interfacial area. Therefore, microfluidic approach provides an ideal model system to address Kelvin's problem. In addition, through polymerization of drops in densely packed state, we can permanently fix the structure and produce monodisperse polyhedron microparticles which are potentially useful as building blocks for assemblies.
Figure 1: Two layers of monodisperse emulsion drops (a) in a low volume fraction of drops (beehive structure) and (b) in a high volume fraction (Toth structure). (c) Polyhedron microparticles templated by Toth structure. [Scale bar = 200 microns]
This project is a collaboration with Shin-Hyun Kim.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In a previous post I explained how to create all possible combinations of the levels of two factors using
expand.grid(). Another use for this function is to create a regular grid for two variables to create a levelplot or a contour plot.
For example, let's say that we have fitted a multiple linear regression to predict wood stiffness (stiff, the response) using basic density (bd) and a measure of microfibril angle (t) as explanatory variables. The regression equation could be something like
stiffness = 3.439 + 0.009 bd - 0.052 t. In our dataset bd had a range of 300 to 700 kg m-3, while t had a range from 50 to 70.
We will use the
levelplot() function that is part of the
lattice package of graphical functions, create a grid for both explanatory variables (every 10 for bd and every 1 for t), predict values of stiffness for all combinations of bd and t, and plot the results.
library(lattice) # Create grid of data wood = expand.grid(bd = seq(300, 700, 10), t = seq(50, 70, 1)) wood$stiffness = with(wood, 3.439 + 0.009*bd - 0.052*t) levelplot(stiffness ~ bd*t, data = wood, xlab='Basic density', ylab='T')
This code creates a graph like this. Simple.


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Fireflies inspire cheaper LED lamps
Inspiring light South Korean scientists have copied the structure of a firefly's underbelly to create what they say is an improved and cheaper LED lens.
They hope the discovery will one day be used in smartphones, televisions and other devices.
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, the scientists describe how they were inspired by the firefly, a bright and efficient source of natural light.
"We made a new LED lens (copying) the nanostructure of the firefly lantern," says lead author Ki-Hun Jeong, associate professor at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science of Technology's department of bio and brain engineering.
By copying the structure of the firefly's three-layered lower abdomen, Jeong and colleagues managed to do away with an expensive component in existing LED (light-emitting diode) lamps.
Fireflies produce light from the lower abdomen to attract mates and prey.
"By having this structure, it is comparable to the conventional anti-reflection coating of existing LED lights which is very expensive," says Jeong.
"Our lens has a curvature, which is very similar to the anti-reflection coating, so we can minimise the lens price."


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SAP Interview Questions – Part 13
1. What is the table that is used in start routines?
Always the table structure will be the structure of an ODS or InfoCube. For example if it is an ODS then active table structure will be the table.
2. What is the difference between ODS and InfoCube and MultiProvider?
ODS: Provides granular data, allows overwrite and data is in transparent tables, ideal for drilldown and RRI.
CUBE: Follows the star schema, we can only append data, ideal for primary reporting.
MultiProvider: Does not have physical data. It allows to access data from different InfoProviders (Cube, ODS, InfoObject). It is also preferred for reporting.
3. What are the steps involved in LO Extraction?
The steps are:
1.RSA5 Select the DataSources
2.LBWE Maintain DataSources and Activate Extract Structures
3.LBWG Delete Setup Tables
4.0LI*BW Setup tables
5.RSA3 Check extraction and the data in Setup tables
6.LBWQ Check the extraction queue
7.LBWF Log for LO Extract Structures
8.RSA7 BW Delta Queue Monitor
4. What are Start routines, Transfer routines and Update routines?
Start Routines: The start routine is run for each DataPackage after the data has been written to the PSA and before the transfer rules have been executed. It allows complex computations for a key figure or a characteristic. It has no return value. Its purpose is to execute preliminary calculations and to store them in global DataStructures. This structure or table can be accessed in the other routines. The entire DataPackage in the transfer structure format is used as a parameter for the routine.
Transfer / Update Routines: They are defined at the InfoObject level. It is like the Start Routine. It is independent of the DataSource. We can use this to define Global Data and Global Checks.
5. What is the difference between start routine and update routine, when, how and why are they called?
Start routine can be used to access InfoPackage while update routines are used while updating the Data Targets.
6. How to create a connection with LIS InfoStructures?
LBW0 Connecting LIS InfoStructures to BW
7. Explain how you used Start routines in your project?
Start routines are used for mass processing of records. In start routine all the records of DataPackage is available for processing. So we can process all these records together in start routine. In one of scenario, we wanted to apply size % to the forecast data. For example if material M1 is forecasted to say 100 in May. Then after applying size %(Small 20%, Medium 40%, Large 20%, Extra Large 20%), we wanted to have 4 records against one single record that is coming in the info package. This is achieved in start routine.
8. What are Return Tables?
When we want to return multiple records, instead of single value, we use the return table in the Update Routine. Example: If we have total telephone expense for a Cost Center, using a return table we can get expense per employee.
9. How do start routine and return table synchronize with each other?
Return table is used to return the Value following the execution of start routine
10. What is the difference between V1, V2 and V3 updates?
V1 Update: It is a Synchronous update. Here the Statistics update is carried out at the same time as the document update (in the application tables).
V2 Update: It is an Asynchronous update. Statistics update and the Document update take place as different tasks.
V1 & V2 don't need scheduling.
Serialized V3 Update: The V3 collective update must be scheduled as a job (via LBWE). Here, document data is collected in the order it was created and transferred into the BW as a batch job. The transfer sequence may not be the same as the order in which the data was created in all scenarios. V3 update only processes the update data that is successfully processed with the V2 update.
11. What is compression?
It is a process used to delete the Request IDs and this saves space.
12. What is Rollup?
This is used to load new DataPackages (requests) into the InfoCube aggregates. If we have not performed a rollup then the new InfoCube data will not be available while reporting on the aggregate.
13. What is table partitioning and what are the benefits of partitioning in an InfoCube?
It is the method of dividing a table which would enable a quick reference. SAP uses fact file partitioning to improve performance. We can partition only at 0CALMONTH or 0FISCPER. Table partitioning helps to run the report faster as data is stored in the relevant partitions. Also table maintenance becomes easier. Oracle, Informix, IBM DB2/390 supports table partitioning while SAP DB, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2/400 do not support table portioning.
14. How many extra partitions are created and why?
Two partitions are created for date before the begin date and after the end date.
15. What are the options available in transfer rule?
16. How would you optimize the dimensions?
We should define as many dimensions as possible and we have to take care that no single dimension crosses more than 20% of the fact table size.
17. What are Conversion Routines for units and currencies in the update rule?
Using this option we can write ABAP code for Units / Currencies conversion. If we enable this flag then unit of Key Figure appears in the ABAP code as an additional parameter. For example, we can convert units in Pounds to Kilos.
18. Can an InfoObject be an InfoProvider, how and why?
Yes, when we want to report on Characteristics or Master Data. We have to right click on the InfoArea and select "Insert characteristic as data target". For example, we can make 0CUSTOMER as an InfoProvider and report on it.
19. What is Open Hub Service?
The Open Hub Service enables us to distribute data from an SAP BW system into external Data Marts, analytical applications, and other applications. We can ensure controlled distribution using several systems. The central object for exporting data is the InfoSpoke. We can define the source and the target object for the data. BW becomes a hub of an enterprise
20. How do you transform Open Hub Data?
Using BADI we can transform Open Hub Data according to the destination requirement.
21. What is ODS?
Operational DataSource is used for detailed storage of data. We can overwrite data in the ODS. The data is stored in transparent tables.
22. What are BW Statistics and what is its use?
They are group of Business Content InfoCubes which are used to measure performance for Query and Load Monitoring. It also shows the usage of aggregates, OLAP and Warehouse management.
23. What are the steps to extract data from R/3?
iii.Maintain Communication Structure and Transfer rules
iv.Create and InfoPackage
24. What are the delta options available when you load from flat file?
The 3 options for Delta Management with Flat Files:
ii.New Status for Changed records (ODS Object only)
iii.Additive Delta (ODS Object & InfoCube)
25.Under which menu path is the Test Workbench to be found, including in earlier Releases?
The menu path is: Tools – ABAP Workbench – Test – Test Workbench.
26.I want to delete a BEx query that is in Production system through request. Is anyone aware about it?
Have you tried the RSZDELETE transaction?
27.Errors while monitoring process chains.
During data loading. Apart from them, in process chains you add so many process types, for example after loading data into Info Cube, you rollup data into aggregates, now this rolling up of data into aggregates is a process type which you keep after the process type for loading data into Cube. This rolling up into aggregates might fail.
Another one is after you load data into ODS, you activate ODS data (another process type) this might also fail.
28.In Monitor—– Details (Header/Status/Details) Ã Under Processing (data packet): Everything OK Ã Context menu of Data Package 1 (1 Records): Everything OK —- Simulate update. (Here we can debug update rules or transfer rules.)
SM50 Ã Program/Mode Ã Program Ã Debugging & debug this work process.
You know how to edit PSA. I don't think you can delete single records. You have to delete entire PSA data for a request.
30.How do you measure the size of infocube?
In no of records.
31.Difference between infocube and ODS?
Infocube is structured as star schema (extended) where a fact table is surrounded by different dim table that are linked with DIM'ids. And the data wise, you will have aggregated data in the cubes. No overwrite functionality
ODS is a flat structure (flat table) with no star schema concept and which will have granular data (detailed level). Overwrite functionality.Flat file datasources does not support 0recordmode in extraction.
x before, -after, n new, a add, d delete, r reverse
32.Difference between display attributes and navigational attributes?
Display attribute is one, which is used only for display purpose in the report. Where as navigational attribute is used for drilling down in the report. We don't need to maintain Navigational attribute in the cube as a characteristic (that is the advantage) to drill down.
33.SOME DATA IS UPLOADED TWICE INTO INFOCUBE. HOW TO CORRECT IT?
But how is it possible? If you load it


Skip to main content
Create A Google Chrome Incognito Shortcut
If you're the type of user who wishes to browse the Internet without having to worry about your history being saved In your web browser, and also prefer not to store cookies, Images or cache web pages, then Incognito mode (aka private browsing) Is your answer. Wouldn't It be nice If you could access It with a double-click of the mouse? Well, In this tutorial, I will show you how to create a Google Chrome Incognito shortcut on your desktop.
So what exactly Is Incognito mode? In very simple terms, It's privacy within your web browser, whereby once you've finished navigating online, your browsing history, cookies, keywords entered etc, are discarded when you close your browser session.
Notice how I've emphasized privacy within your web browser? That's because, Incognito mode does not anonymize you online! In other words, It prevents Information from being stored on your computer, but what you do beyond your computer, can still be tracked.
Incognito mode, Is extremely useful If you don't want other users knowing your browsing activity and If you use It on a daily basis, you'd want It available at your fingertips. As such, I will demonstrate how to create a Google Chrome Incognito shortcut with Incredible ease.
If you don't have Google Chrome Installed, you can download It from the official website. So without further ado, let's rip Into this tutorial.
Step One:
Firstly, navigate to your desktop, right-click on a blank area and select New > Shortcut as shown below.
Step Two:
Next, In the Type the location of the Item field, enter the following command based on the architecture of your Windows 10 operating system.
This Is for 32-bit (x86):
"%ProgramFiles%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" -incognito
And for 64-bit (x64):
"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" -incognito
Then hit Next to move forward.
Step Three:
Now you need to give your shortcut a name. It can be anything you like. For the purpose of this tutorial, I've named mine Chrome Incognito. When you've made your selection, hit Finish to finalize the process.
Step Four:
I've now navigated to my desktop, and as you can see, the Google Chrome Incognito shortcut has been successfully created. Let's make sure It's functional, by double-clicking It.
Step Five:
As expected after double-clicking the shortcut, Incognito mode has executed In Google Chrome. Perfect!
Step Six:
What If you want to open Incognito mode directly to a website of your choice? Well, refer to Step Two above and select the command suited to your Windows 10 architecture (32-bit or 64-bit). Then add the URL at the end of the command. In my case, I've added this blog, namely Here's what my command looks like.
Then follow the onscreen prompts until completion.
Last Step:
Upon double-clicking my Google Chrome Incognito shortcut, as you can see, It's directly opened Of course, you can navigate to any website of your choice.
Final Thoughts:
Almost all major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Safari and a few others, support Private browsing but It's way beyond the scope of this article to cover the lotparticularly with In depth detail as per this tutorial.
So why did I choose Google Chrome? At the time of writing, It's the most popular browser that accounts for over 50% of Internet traffic! So my selection makes perfect sense. That aside, the Incognito shortcut Is not dedicated to the desktop per se. You can copy It to just about any directory on your computer, and use It thereafter.
Enjoy 😊
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Yaj mani mandap meaning in English
Meaning of "Yaj mani mandap"Viewed 38 times |
1. canopy to perform sacrifices under
Get English meaning of word 'yaj mani mandap'. Know Yaj mani mandap in English. Get the translation of yaj mani mandap in English language. Know the answer of question: What is the meaning of yaj mani mandap in English language? You will find the English word for Nepali word 'yaj mani mandap'. You can use this Nepali word in your daily life. Yaj mani mandap is a Nepali word.


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(also lava tunnel)
A natural tunnel within a solidified lava flow, formerly occupied by flowing molten lava.
- Channeled through a lava tube, the sea can roar and blow its spray as high as 50 feet.
- As the lava flows onwards, this skin is left behind as a lava tunnel.
- In 1996, the Italian army proved this by detonating 15,000 pounds of mining explosives to successfully block a lava tube leading from Mount Etna and threatening villages below.
Definition of lava tube in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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The federal rules of evidence were adopted by order of the supreme court on nov 20 1972 transmitted to congress by the chief justice on feb 5 1973 and to have become effective on july 1 1973 pub. The 2018 federal rules of evidence summary trial guide accurately and concisely summarizes the current federal evidence code including all amendments for use by trial lawyers each rule is listed by number and reduced to essential meaning for instant use in the courtroom and in pretrial preparation. In a criminal trial the burden of proof is on the government defendants do not have to prove their innocence instead the government must provide evidence to convince the jury of the defendants guilt the standard of proof in a criminal trial gives the prosecutor a much greater burden than the plaintiff in a civil trial. The federal rules of evidence are a set of rules that governs the introduction of evidence at civil and criminal trials in united states federal trial courts the current rules were initially passed by congress in 1975 after several years of drafting by the supreme court. The federal rules of evidence is a set of rules which regard the manners in which evidence might be allowed into trials and might function within trials within the federal court system specifically
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I need to pick a future date from calendar, suppose the date I am selecting is 04/30/2013. Now what I want is to send the date to server. At server end I need to calculate the number of days between the future date and current date and send it to database.
The problem is that when I do the calculation locally (because my server and browser are in same timezone) it works fine, but when the server is in a different timezone than the browser the difference in days does not come as expected. Someone please help me how to solve the timezone issues.
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Why don't you substract the dates on the client? – NeplatnyUdaj Apr 17 '13 at 9:23
How do you send the date to the server? What format, I mean? – MaxArt Apr 17 '13 at 9:24
_USER_ That would be a violation of the MVC paradigm. – MaxArt Apr 17 '13 at 9:25
Your question is not entirely clear to me: you are using javascript on the client side and java on your server? – jeroen_de_schutter Apr 17 '13 at 9:26
Well, you could simply pass the utc time to the server which generates the dates and calc the days between. – sk2212 Apr 17 '13 at 9:28
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2 Answers
Convert both dates in one common timezone e.g. GMT and then calculate the difference.
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To Offset for time differences
You should use a format to send the data that includes the timezone within it. You could:
 1. Use UNIX time which does not use timezones (milliseconds since epoch) with GMT 00, and also use this on java side
see: Get current date/time in seconds?
 1. Use ISO-8601 which is a standard and can include the timezone as well of the browser, and then parse this server side:
To Calculate the Difference (using MS and Calendar Object)
You need to use the calendar object. You create a calendar object and set with a future date: e.g. How to set Java.util.calendar to a specific time period in the future Then you can perform a calculation by subtracting the current date (as long) with the long returned by the calendar, and dividing by (1000*60*60*24).
Some code I used in my own application to find entries greater than a specific datetime (midnight):
long currentTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
Calendar cal;
cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.setTime(new Date(currentTimeStamp));
cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0); cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0); cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0); cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND,0);
long midnight = cal.getTimeInMillis();
if(currentTimeStamp - midnight > (30*24*60*60*1000))break;
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


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Getting one's temperature taken used to be a painful experience. Over the years, thermometers have gotten progressively better and better and have become more child-friendly.
According to Forbes, there may be a new method for taking temperatures on the horizon that will trump them all.
The human body, when in a state of wellness, has an average temperature of 98.6 degrees. The variety of ways for a mother, and sometimes a doctor, measures a person temperature include: feeling one's face and forehead, kissing of the forehead, the traditional mercury thermometer, a strip placed on the forehead, an electronic thermometer rolled over the forehead and face, and an ear thermometer that measures body temperature.
Here comes another: your smartphone.
Soon, the days of having to hold a thermometer under your tongue, under your armpit or shoved up your, err, southernmost point of entry, will be gone. Replacing those old traditions will be an app for your smartphone. The Fraden Corporation has been granted the patent on an app that will allow one to take the temperature of a sick person, without physical contact.
The process is quick, and eliminates the frustration many parents experience trying to get a sick child to be still long enough to take their temperature.
This new measurement tool will entail measuring the infrared emitted from the human body. Much like the principles of the ear thermometer, the smartphone will be able to take a picture that will measure the amount of infrared light given off by the body, and relate it into an accurate measuring of the body's temperature.
The new technology used today allows the sensor to be placed next to the camera lens located in the rear of most smartphones. The smartphone will be placed approximately an inch away from the patient's temple, and when the signal is attained, the app will instantly register the temperature.
Results are very accurate, and by eliminating the need to touch the ill individual, can limit risks of disease transfer.
The new mobile health agent is equipped to perform a host of other health-related tasks as well – all equally convenient.
Edited by Braden Becker


A Quick Glance At Traditional Japanese Room – Basic Things To Know
Japanese people are obviously doing an incredibly great job to preserve their traditional culture. You can see traces of the past literally in every corner of this beautiful country. Just similar to fascinating cuisine or beautiful ancient shrines, Japanese traditional bedroom has been around for centuries and is one of the most unique cultures here. In today's location guide, we will give you everything you need to know about the Traditional Japanese Room.
A Quick Glance At Traditional Japanese Room – Basic Things To Know
1. History
Traditional Japanese Room is a Japanese-style room, which is called a Washitsu (和室) in Japanese or frequently called a "Tatami Room" in English. The history of Japanese-style rooms dated back to ancient and medieval Japan (_PHONE_ CE). Back then, they were first used as study rooms for the elite. Gradually, they become more popular, spreading cross over Japan and were used as Japanese traditional bedrooms. Nowadays, you can see these kinds of rooms in a Ryokan which is a traditional Japanese inn. If you are planning to visit Japan and wondering where to stay, well, you should not miss the opportunity to stay in a Ryokan and immerse yourself in a completely traditional atmosphere there.
traditional japanese room
2. Design
There are many things that can be incorporated into a traditional Japanese room but in today's blog, we will only some of the most basic features.
2.1. Tatami
Tatami mat, appearing from ancient times, is a type of mat made from dry thick straws. The name Tatami is derived from the verb "Tatami" which means "to fold". They are soft yet still thick enough to comfortably walk on or lie down. Nowadays, people use chemical fibers instead of straw to increase the strength and insulation. In winter, tatami mats help to prevent from the cold while in the summer, they help to reduce the heat. However, there are still some significant disadvantages. They create living habitats for bugs and cockroaches! In addition, the sedge mat is quickly damaged by external factors. Therefore, usually from 3 to 5 years, the outer sedge mat will be replaced.
A tatami room with a floor surface is created by tightly stacking rectangular mats together. Each mattress (waratoko) has a traditional standard size of 910mm × 1820mm, 55mm thick.
traditional japanese room
Tatami mats are used to measure the size of Japanese style rooms (e.g. a 4-mat room)
2.2. Doors
There are two types of doors that exist in a traditional Japanese room. They are Fusuma and Shoji.
2.2.1. Shoji
Shoji door is a type of traditional Japanese sliding door, originating from China. It is introduced to Japan from the middle of the 7th to the 8th century. The word "Shoji" means "separator". At that time, the shoji door was just a fixed door, covered with paper or cloth. But by the 12th century, the Japanese renovated the door in its own style. The sliding Shoji door is made of wooden lattices and covered by translucent paper (washi paper).
traditional japanese room
Shoji is loved not only in Japan but also in many countries. The reason for this is largely thanks to Washi paper. Washi paper can ensures the privacy of the rooms but still has high aesthetics. It can reflect light from the garden, combined with the unique design of the door frame to make the light more beautiful.
traditional japanese room
Some shoji doors also have sliding panels that can move up and down like small windows so more light or air can enter the room. There is a special kind of Shoji door called "Yukimi shoji". A part below the door is designed in the form of a folding door. This is a good idea to help everyone spend time enjoying the snowy scenery, watching the white snow silently cover the ground.
traditional japanese room
2.2.2. Fusuma
Japanese rooms are often divided large spaces into small rooms depending on the owner's needs. And what people use when they want to divide the space in a Japanese house is "Fusuma – sliding door". Similar to Shoji, Fusuma is also a paper-covered sliding door. However, its cover is thicker and often painted with flowers, landscapes, or birds. Fusuma has appeared in ordinary Japanese houses since the 20th century. During this period, the number of houses with Japanese and Western European-style rooms increased so much that the use of Fusuma to divide the rooms became so important. However, nowadays, in Japanese homes and ryokan, Fusuma tend to be simply decorated.
traditional japanese room
Read more:
3. Furniture
3.1. Zabuton
Zabuton (座 布 団) is a floor cushion used for sitting in Japan. As mentioned above, tatami is easily damaged so Japanese people will use light and sturdy cushions instead of chairs. Zabuton has a wide range of sizes, thickness and patterns of the cover. In classic Ryokan, normally people will change Zabuton when the new season is coming. The colors and patterns of Zabuton should be matched with furniture and decorations of the entire room.
It might be difficult to sit comfortably on Zabuton at first as you have nothing to lean your back on. In this case, legless chairs can be useful.
traditional japanese room
3.2. Low tables
In ancient times, Japanese people studied, ate and slept on the floor. It has gradually become a common practice which is the reason why low tables are very popular here. In fact, you can still see low tables in a Western-style house in Japan.
Low table is light and compact, which not only helps to reduce the damage on the tatami mats but also is a great solution to deal with the cold weather. When the winter comes, Japanese people will use Kotatsu which is a heatable low table. It is covered by a blanket and a heating system underneath. Simple but yet still very convenient!
traditional japanese room
traditional japanese room
Legless chairs along with a low table
3.3. Tansu (箪笥)
Tansu is a Japanese traditional mobile storage cabinetry. It was first appeared in the Genroku era of the Edo period (1688–1704). This product is made totally from woods. Due to the high cost of materials, Tansu is not very common. It was only popular with the nobles in the past.
Nowadays, only few workshops produce Tansu.
traditional japanese room
3.4. Partitions
Japanese traditional partitions are portable folding thin partitions. They have a zigzag shape and their frames are made from wood so that they can stand still without any extra support. They have two kinds which are byobu and tsuitate. Japanese people use them to enhance privacy. But nowadays, more or less, they are used for decoration purpose only. Both types have various sizes and their designs are also very diversified.
traditional japanese room3.5. Lamps
An traditional lamps are quite indispensable to a traditional Japanese room. Similar to other furniture mentions above, these lamps also have wooden frames and covered by washi paper. They have rectangular shapes. Back then, people put candle or rapeseed oil inside the lamp but nowadays they use LED light instead. Throughout the ages, people use them not only as sources of light. They also symbolize vitality, social status and good luck.
traditional japanese room
5. Sleeping and sitting etiquette
Yes, in the past, Japanese people basically do everything on the floor. So remember to take off your shoes before entering the room. Slippers are also strictly not allowed.
Normally you will find no bed in a Japanese traditional bedroom. People will use a thick and soft futon to sleep. While during the day, futon is folded and placed neatly in the corner or in a closet, at night, they will be laid down directly on tatami mats. It is a very interesting experience. You surely do not want to miss it while spending your holiday in Japan!
traditional japanese room
Futon are placed directly on the floor.
Please click the link below for more information:
What is a traditional Japanese room like?
In short, a traditional Japanese room has tatami mats on the floor and is surrounded by sliding wooden doors. Furniture that is normally seen in a Japanese style room is low table, zabuton, traditional lamp, and partitions.
What is a Japanese tatami room?
Japanese tatami room is a washitsu (和室). It has a traditional tatami floor and decorated in a traditional Japanese style.
What is a traditional Japanese house called?
In Japan, a traditional Japanese house is called Minki. Besides, a traditional Japanese inn is called Ryokan.
How do I make my room look Japanese?
The most basic rule you need to follow is keeping everything simple. Do not try to stuff too many unnecessary things in your room. Everything must be beautiful and elegant.
Then, start decorating your room with basic furnitures which are listed above. If you can not afford fancy things, just pick up simple things such as low tables, futon, mats, zabuton. Remember to keep warm tone for your room.
traditional japanese room
If you have low budget, a simple room like this one is not a bad option.
traditional japanese room
Traditional Japanese room is obviously a unique and beautiful culture in the land of the rising sun. Now, are you interested in decorating your bedroom in Japanese style? Or do you want


text:
Reliable and easy-to-use
Consistent and accurate
Magnetic damping is an important concept in electromagnetism. The mechanical effect of magnetic damping has very important applications. This experimental apparatus is designed to measure the uniform sliding speed of a magnetic slide on a non-ferromagnetic conductor inclined rail. Through data processing, magnetic damping coefficient and sliding friction coefficient are acquired. This experimental apparatus is related to physics concepts such as mechanics and electromagnetism.
This apparatus has the following advantages:
1. It has reliable design and convenient angle adjustment.
2. Experimental data has good repeatability and consistency, and the experimental error is small.
3. The incline angle can be easily calculated by directly reading the length of one side of the triangle from the scale on the horizontal support (the other two sides are known).
4. The timer is intelligent and can store 10 counts of timing data.
5. It can be used for general physics experiments in colleges.
The instruction manual contains experimental configurations, principles, step-by-step instructions, and examples of experiment results. Please click Experiment Theory and Contents to find more information about this apparatus.
|Inclined rail||Range of adjustable angle: 0 °~ 90 °|
|Length: 1.1 m|
|Length at junction: 0.44 m|
|Adjusting support||Length: 0.63 m|
|Counting timer||Counting: 10 times (storage)|
|Timing range: 0.000-9.999 s; resolution: 0.001 s|
|Magnetic slide||Dimension: diameter=18 mm; thickness= 6 mm|
|Mass: 11.07 g|


text:
The Gold Medal Schools Awards Program (GMS) recognizes Utah's schools that create opportunities for students to eat healthy, be active, and stay tobacco-free.
How to Apply:
See the "Award" information and application page at the Gold Medal Schools Web site.
After completion of award requirements, submit completed application with the handling fee (if applicable).
- Review the award requirements and choose the level you will be working toward. Award levels are:
- Identify which criteria you will be working on.
- Bronze: A school must complete the following six criteria:
- 90 minutes of structured physical activity each week
- Teach the State Office of Education Nutrition Curriculum
- Walk the Gold Medal Mile
- Write and enforce the Safe and Active Routes to School policy
- Write and enforce the Tobacco policy
- Complete the Heart Health Survey
- Silver: Must complete the Bronze and the three following Silver criteria:
- PTA/PTO coordinate one health related event per year
- Implement staff and wellness activities
- Offer a variety of competitive and non-competitive physical activity programs
- Gold: Must complete the Bronze, Silver and the following three Gold criteria:
- All Pre K-12 physical education courses be overseen by a PE specialist
- No food rewards
- Complete four of the nine options from the Changing the Scene Program.
- Platinum: Must complete the Bronze, Silver, Gold and the five following Platinum criteria:
- Strengthen school community council
- Healthy choices @ school events vending machines school stores, fundraisers, and other venues
- Staff/faculty wellness program
- Involve families communities
- Recess before lunch or adequate eating time


Accurate measuring using the Romer Arm
ROMER portable arm allows you to take measurements directly in the manufacturing environment, where process improvements are the most beneficial.
Alternative Engineering is aware that every hundredth of a millimetre counts when it comes to precision manufacturing. A minor misalignment can cause manufacturing impairments, damages or even breakages to your production. That's why part of our process is to accurately measure your machines and components.
Alternative Engineering use a ROMER Arm to accurately measure parts and equipment for manufacturing.
Quick, light, mobile and precisethat's what makes the ROMER Arm so special.
What is the Romer Arm?
A ROMER Arm is a portable, coordinate measuring machine which allows precise and accurate measurements of an object.
The ROMER Arm can move in three-dimensional space forward/backward, up/down, left/right combined with rotation about three perpendicular axes. The physical arrangement of the arm is much like a human arm, with a wrist, forearm, elbow which allows intricate measurement in confined spaces.
The ROMER Arm can be used for a range of applications including quality control, inspection, on-machine verification, reverse engineering or 3D modelling.
This allows Alternative Engineering to produce the most accurate information for manufacturing.
Romer Arm Measurements
Jarred Baines measuring change parts using the ROMER Absolute Arm
Using the ROMER for change part manufacturing
When Alternative Engineering measure for change parts we aren't just copying existing parts for manufacture. This can cause a 'Chinese Whispers' effect on the new change parts. Any wear & tear or inaccuracies with the original parts will get transferred to the newly manufactured ones. This will, in turn, cause the same issues you were already having.
Alternative Engineering doesn't just manufacture to a standard 'Blueprint' either. In our experience, machines can sustain damage and wear over its life which alters its shape. Slight changes in machine alignment are often hard to detect. Working off an exact copy or replica of your current parts will cause further issues. The ROMER arm allows Alternative Engineering to take measurements directly in the manufacturing environment where process improvement is most beneficial.
This is where the ROMER Arm gives Alternative Engineering an advantage.
Jarred Baines, one of our project engineers has stated that 'By mapping out the actual layout of the machine we ensure that new parts are tailored to suit. This results in fewer inaccuracies and higher stability.' We can recreate the correct bottle path to ensure maximum efficiencies.
'The fact that the ROMER Arm is an extremely portable solution means it can be brought directory onto the factory floor providing the most accurate 3D Measurements of your machine,' he said.
When you require new change parts Alternative Engineering will make an onsite visit with our ROMER arm. Bringing the ROMER directly to your bottling line to get exact 3D measurements which we can then make CAD images and simulations to see how they work.
Alternative Engineering: Expertise and service you can rely on
Alternative Engineering is a leading Melbourne based engineering and manufacturing company that specialises in high-capacity production environments with particular expertise in the Pharmaceutical and Food & Beverage sector. With an impressive and growing client list, Alternative Engineering has built a reputation for exceptional customer service, technical expertise, reliability and quality engineering outcomes.


text:
Jointly developed outcomes guide the work of the FDC collaborative and demonstrate that they have achieved agreement on desired results. Without agreement on shared outcomes, each of the partners is likely to measure its progress as it did prior to the collaboration, based on its own internally defined outcomes. Particular importance needs to be given to the outcomes for the whole family—parents' recovery as well as safety and permanency of the children to appropriately reflect a family-centered approach in monitoring the effectiveness of the FDC collaborative effort
Joint accountability and shared outcomes developed in a collaborative process guide the work of the partnership by providing a performance and measurement driven framework for working with children and families. Defined performance indicators or benchmarks allow the partnership to measure the impact it is having together in the respective systems. It enlists the commitment of partners to work on achieving comprehensive family outcomes for example both permanency for children and recovery for parents.
This webinar continues the sustainability discussion, focusing on program outcomes. Lessons learned from a national perspective will be presented. The primary learning objectives are:


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|Navigate: Home >> Faculty and Staff >> Smith, Monica >> Current Research >> Sisupalgarh Project|
The Sisupalgarh Project is a multiseason archaeological research project at the ancient city of Sisupalgarh in eastern India. Occupied from approximately the 3rd century B.C. to 4th century A.D., this urban area was surrounded by dramatic walls early in its occupation.
A fortified site of impressive proportions, the 130-hectare city of Sisupalgarh had local, regional and long-distance ties with sites throughout the Indian subcontinent as documented archaeologically through the widespread distribution of ceramics, metal, and stone objects. Through a two-year program of systematic surface-survey, the distribution of these artifacts was correlated with evidence for manufacturing activities to assess the city's economic organization.
The site is located on the SE edge of modern Bhubaneswar in eastern India. The site was excavated in 1948 and again in 1950 by the Archaeological Survey of India. These excavations provided stratigraphic information about the construction of the walls, and the layout of a small portion of residential habitation. Building from these initial investigations, this project assesses the city from a whole-site perspective to evaluate whether there were different zones of activity, where the inhabitants of the city may have come from, and the relationships that they had with each other.
Monica L. Smith
The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
304 Haines & A351 Fowler
Office: _PHONE_
South Asian Lab: _PHONE_


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As a native Marylander, I've had many discussions with friends about whether we can call it a Southern state. You could say it's in "Dixie," which (according to one historical interpretation from this Civil War fact book) means south of the Mason-Dixon Line. One could also argue that because it fought for the North in the Civil War, Maryland should be considered a Northern state. However, we can't forget that Maryland was a slave state that was chock full of Southern sympathizers during the war.
For evidence, just look up the official state song that remains on the books. You might be surprised (or perhaps offended) at the lyrics. According to this NPR story, a group of active fourth-graders were certainly offended when Linda Tuck, a school library "media specialist," led their study and discussion of the song. Here are some of the lines seen as offensive:
"The despot's heel is on thy shore, Maryland!"
"Huzza! She spurns the Northern scum!"
By the way, that "despot" refers to the revered Abraham Lincoln. James Ryder Randall wrote the poem in 1861, after riots in Baltimore led to the deaths of a few civilians, according to Dissonance by David Detzer.
Tuck took a vote and found that the school children wanted to see the lyrics changed. They then wrote letters to state delegates, and now a bill is in the works. Delegate Pamela Beidle, who introduced the bill, wants to use a different poem written in 1894 for the lyrics of the song.
According to a local news article, the bill does have its critics, who say that the song's a reminder of a part of Maryland's history that is too often forgotten. Others would simply rather leave it up to voters.


Question: How Long Does It Take Gums To Heal After Scaling?
How long does it take for gums to heal after cleaning?
On average, it takes anywhere from 5 to 7 days for the gums to heal after a deep cleaning.
While your mouth is healing, you may experience some bleeding and swelling of the gums..
What not to do after scaling teeth?
Wait at least two hours before eating, and then select a soft diet for the first 48-72 hours, chewing on the opposite side of your mouth. Avoid alcoholic drinks and hot or spicy foods until your gums are healed. Do not use any tobacco products for at least 72 hours after the procedure because tobacco slows healing.
Do gums reattach after deep cleaning?
Can a deep cleaning be done all at once?
Can deep cleanings be done in one visit? Yes, but we do not recommend it. Deep cleaning of the entire mouth in one visit is usually discouraged for three reasons. Anesthetic – If local anesthetic is used to make the procedure painless, treating the entire mouth would require anesthesia of the entire mouth.
Can you heal deep pockets in gums?
The first nonsurgical step usually involves a special cleaning, called "scaling and root planing," to remove plaque and tartar deposits on the tooth and root surfaces. This procedure helps gum tissue to heal and periodontal pockets to shrink. This is sometimes referred to as "periodontal cleaning" or "deep cleaning."
Are deep cleanings worth it?
Do gums heal after scaling?
Teeth scaling and root planning often take more than one dental visit and could require a local anesthetic based on the severity of your chronic periodontal disease and if you have receding gums. Recovery from this outpatient procedure usually only takes a few days but may take longer.
What to expect after scaling?
After scaling and root planing is completed you may experience slight discomfort around the teeth for several days. You may notice some sensitivity to hot and cold (and sometimes sweets) for up to six weeks duration. This is a normal course of healing.
Is rinsing with salt water good for receding gums?
Can scaling damage gums?
Risks. Periodontal scaling can leave the teeth more sensitive to heat and cold if the gum recedes too much after treatment and some of the teeth's root become exposed. The gums may also become tender and swollen.
Does scaling hurt?
During the teeth scaling process, the dentist or dental hygienist numbs the gums and tooth roots using a local anesthetic. Teeth scaling and root planing, however, rarely cause noticeable discomfort.
Is deep scaling painful?
The short answer is no, the procedure is not painful. You will experience discomfort upon completion but the actual process can be completed with the administration of a local anesthetic to the soft tissue to minimize any unpleasant feelings during the process.


text: Purpose: Patients with acute leukemia refractory to induction or reinduction chemotherapy have poor prognoses if they do not undergo hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT when a patient is not in complete remission (CR) is of uncertain benefit. We hypothesized that pretransplantation variables may define subgroups that have a better prognosis. Patients and Methods: Overall, 2,255 patients who underwent transplantation for acute leukemia in relapse or with primary induction failure after myeloablative conditioning regimen between 1995 and 2004 were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. The median follow-up of survivors was 61 months. We performed multivariate analysis of pretransplantation variables and developed a predictive scoring system for survival. Results: The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 19% for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 16% for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). For AML, five adverse pretransplantation variables significantly influenced survival: first CR duration less than 6 months, circulating blasts, donor other than HLA-identical sibling, Karnofsky or Lansky score less than 90, and poor-risk cytogenetics. For ALL, survival was worse with the following: first refractory or second or greater relapse, ≥ 25% marrow blasts, cytomegalovirusseropositive donor, and age of 10 years or older. Patients with AML who had a predictive score of 0 had 42% OS at 3 years, whereas OS was 6% for a score ≥ 3. Patients with ALL who had a score of 0 or 1 had 46% 3-year OS but only 10% OS rate for a score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Pretransplantation variables delineate subgroups with different outcomes. HSCT during relapse can achieve long-term survival in selected patients with acute leukemia.


text:
How To Validate Error Responses in Mocking Services APIs
The implementation of mocking services plays a vital role in design-specific development. Here, we look at them through the lens of behavioral headers.
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The implementation of mocking services plays a vital role in design-specific development. If we are developing any new project or implementing any new functionality by consuming some API's which are still in a development phase, no consumers (front-end developer or any other) of the API will wait until the API is completely developed; they need some mocking service with some sample responses and error responses so they can start their development (assuming front-end dev in this case).
With mocking services, we can easily check what successful response we are getting, but it is quite difficult to validate the error response messages. Like how a mocking service can return an error message corresponding to 500 lines of status code, as there is no server involved.
Fortunately, we have "Behavioral Headers" for this, which we will discuss in this article.
What Are Behavioral Headers?
Behavioral headers enable you to change the behavior of the mocking service. There are some keys and values which you have to pass in the headers to test the expected behavior of mocking service. In this post, we are going to brief some of the Behavioral Headers provided by MuleSoft. If in case, you want to see it in detail, visit the MuleSoft website here.
Without wasting time, let's dive into the basic concepts of Behavioral Headers.
In order to test Behavioral Headers, we need the RAML specification and its Mocking Service URL. So I have created the sample RAML as shown in Figure 1, after publishing makes it public and get the mocking URL which in my case is:
Figure 1 Test of behavioral header
Now in order to hit this, you can use any client; here I have used Postman.
Let us now go through some of the Behavioral headers:
MS2-Status-Code: MS2-Status-Code Behavioral Header will enforce mocking service to return an error response corresponding to a specific HTTP Status code. Suppose you want the mocking service to return an error response corresponding to 500 status code, there is no way to return that, so in order to achieve this, we just need to pass the following attributes in headers:
This you can see in Figure 2 as below:
Figure 2 An example of the ms2-status-code used to identify an error response
Note: If you pass any other value that is not implemented in the mocking service, it will throw an error message. Like in my case, I have not implemented the 404 error code, so when I pass 404 as a value, then it will throw an error message as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 404 as a value is passed since a 404 error code has not been implemented
S2-Delay: Suppose we are consuming API using front-end Angular, and we know that some API endpoints can have a delay while returning a response, and want to handle the front-end side by introducing Asynchronous concepts. How will mocking service return that delay? Well, here comes the role of MS2-Delay behavior headers.
It's very simple—you just need to provide one header with an MS2-Delay with time in milliseconds as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 MS2-Delay with time in milliseconds
Note: You can only provide a maximum time delay of 10000 ms.
- MS2-Randomize: While writing a mocking service, if we only provide data types and don't want to provide response examples because of any reason (like shortage of time, etc.), but the consumer wants that response, then just by setting true corresponding to MS2-Randomize will generate random responses.
For example, suppose that an API specification contained the definitions of this type:
Now passing MS2-Randomize with true value in headers will generate a random response of something like the code below:
If you have some error in your RAML, but you want to test some other endpoints which are not having errors, you cannot do that until your API doesn't have any errors, because when you invoke the mocking service it will validate your RAML first. If you want to skip the validation for mocking service, you need to set false corresponding to the MS2-Strict-Model-Validation in the Headers part.
We came to know about some Behavioral Headers which are useful while testing the mocking services like testing the specific error response code, introducing some delays, generating random responses, and skipping the validation of RAML.
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Internet-Enabled Data Analysis and Visualization with MATLAB
By Peter Webb, MathWorks
Many organizations make their data publicly available on Internet servers and provide an interface for extracting slices or sections of that data.
Analyzing this kind of data with MATLAB was once a complex process-first retrieve the data somehow, then get it into MATLAB for analysis. Today, using the MATLAB interface to Java, you can write MATLAB programs that incorporate both the data retrieval and analysis steps in a single M-file; Java has classes and functions that make it easy to capture data from Internet sources.
MATLAB programs for Internet data retrieval and analysis have a three-part pattern:
 - Open a specially formatted URL, creating a stream of data.
 - Read the data stream into MATLAB variables.
 - Analyze or visualize the data.
This pattern can be applied to data of any type. For simplicity, the example code presented below uses financial stock price data-stock prices are easy to understand (if not predict!) and readily available from a multitude of public sources. In order to follow the example below you'll need to download the example DisplayStockData program from MATLAB Central. The program requires Internet access, as it uses an Internet data source to obtain stock price data.
Stock Market Data
Yahoo! maintains a database of historical stock price data. The Yahoo! server delivers this data either formatted for your browser to display or in the form of a comma-delimited file (more technically, a CSV, or comma-separated value file). Yahoo! servers determine what kind of, and how much, data to serve by examining the URL used to connect to them. The server examines the query, and responds with a stream of data.
Since the query is just a text string, it is easy to duplicate. The query specifies a stock symbol, a start date, an end date, and a data frequency (daily, monthly, or yearly). Given this data, the example program, DisplayStockData, retrieves stock data for the indicated time period and draws two graphs, a candlestick graph of the stock's performance and a comparison of the stock to the performance of the S&P 500.
For example, this command demonstrates the monthly performance of Sears for the 27 months since January 1, 2000:
DisplayStockData('S', '1/1/2000','m', 27);
The first graph uses the candle function from the Financial Toolbox to draw a candlestick graph of the stock's performance. If you don't have the Financial Toolbox, simply comment out the call to candle inDisplayStockData.m. This graph shows open, close, high, and low prices for the stock during the given trading interval (in this case, monthly averages). The program also displays the stock's compound annual growth rate in the chart's title.
Figure 1. Candlestick graph for a single stock. Click on image to see enlarged view.
The second graph compares the performance of the stock to the performance of the S&P 500 index. In this case, it is evident that Sears outperformed the index over the given period.
Figure 2. Comparison of stock performance and S&P 500 index performance. Click on image to see enlarged view.
Data Retrieval
GetStockData.m contains the code that retrieves the data from the Yahoo! server in four steps. First, connect to the server, using a specially formatted URL, by creating a Java URL object: url =
Once the connection is established, create a stream object to read the data that the server has returned. Use the initial stream object to create a buffered I/O stream object, which enables us to read an entire line at a time, rather than just a single character.
stream = openStream(url);
ireader =;
breader =;
Next, read all the available data into a MATLAB cell array. The Java readLine function returns a zero length string to signal the end of the data stream. To make parsing easier, make sure that each line ends with a comma. Note the use of the char function to convert a Java string to a MATLAB character array.
while 1
line = readLine(breader);
if (prod(size(line)) == 0)
line = char(line);
if line(end)~=',';line(end+1) = ',';end
% Store each line in a cell array.
stockdata{end+1} = line;
Finally, use strread to parse the data in the cell array into five MATLAB variables. The first argument to strread is the string to read from; create this from the cell array of strings by concatenating all the rows into one long row. The second argument is a format string that describes the format of each data group in the string: a string, four floating-point numbers, and an integer, or six columns of data. strread returns one variable for each column of data in the string. You can skip over a column by placing an asterisk (*) between the % and the character that indicates the type of data that the column contains. This call to strread skips over the final column, for example, by specifying %*n. The last four arguments to strread are parameter/value pairs; the first indicates that the columns in the file are delimited by commas, and the second that any empty entries in data matrix are to be filled with NaNs.
% Parse the string data into MATLAB numeric arrays.
stockdata = cat(2, stockdata{:});
[dates, open, high, low, close, volume] =...
strread(stockdata,'%s%f%f%f%f%*n', 'delimiter', ',',...
'emptyvalue', NaN);
Analysis and Visualization
Before displaying the graphs, compute the growth rates of the userspecified stock and the S&P 500 (see the function periodGrowth in DisplayStockData.m). Then, a single command creates the first graph.
candle(high, low, close, open,'red', date, 2);
The second graph is a nonstandard type, but can easily be constructed by callingline, legend, and dateaxis. The hold on/off commands ensure that the two lines appear on the same figure.
hold on
line(date500, close500, 'color', 'blue');
line(date, close, 'color','red');
hold off
legend('S&P 500', upper(symbol));
dateaxis('x', 12);
Calls to sprintf create the title strings for each of these charts.
Java and MATLAB Make a Powerful Pair
This example performs a fairly simple analysis of a small amount of data, but the techniques demonstrated here can be applied to far larger and more complex data sets. The union of Java and MATLAB creates a uniquely powerful environment. Java provides connectivity to an immense variety of data, and MATLAB provides the tools that create insights into that data. Download the example program and start using these tools together to produce better analyses faster than you could with either MATLAB or Java alone.
Published 2002
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Materials Lifecycle Management System
MaterialCenter is a Materials Lifecycle Management System designed to link material specialists to mechanical simulation. MaterialCenter captures data from integrated processes to ensure full traceability across the enterprise and throughout the product lifecycle. It addresses unique process and data requirements, and drives product innovation in complex materials such as alloys, elastomers, plastics, composites, and many more. MaterialCenter works directly with many commercial CAE products and delivers on-demand commercial Databanks to engineers across the industry.
Drawn from the collective experience of the world's largest OEMs, MaterialCenter is the single point of entry for all materials related activities including physical test data entry and reduction, multi-scale materials modeling, approval workflow and the export of simulation ready data to analysis. This guarantees that engineers are using a consistent source of approved materials derived from traceable integrated processes, resulting in improved simulation fidelity, reduced data loss and elimination of tedious manual data management activities.
Drive Engineering Innovation Using Your Materials
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- Process-oriented, automation approach to data management to minimize manual data entry activities.
- Robust and intuitive interface for data search, retrieval and comparison for all data types – tabular, curves, images, etc.
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Five important facts about the Black Sea
Five important facts about the Black Sea
1. How clean is the water in the Black Sea?
The EU EMBLAS project has carried out a study about presence and concentration of chemical pollutants in the Black Sea (with regard to water, sea bottom and living organisms). Specifically, the project examined the substances recognised by the EU as mandatory for control: persistent organic substances, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, biocides, flame retardant substances, industrial chemicals and their degradation products.
Out of more than 2,100 known pollutants, 124 have been found in the water samples. Contaminants included petroleum products from maritime transport, water repellents used in production of paper cups and packaging, mercury and dioxins. Pesticides used against weeds and insecticides such as fipronil, which is particularly toxic to bees, have also been found. The highest concentration of pesticides was recorded off the coast of Georgia.
Traces of pharmaceuticals for treating arrhythmia and hypertension, as well as chemicals contained in plastic bottles and sunscreen, which are harmful to marine inhabitants, were found as well.
Compounds of harmful organophosphates which could be found in almost all products we use daily, like textiles, furniture, computers, etc., were recorded at every monitoring station. The highest levels of concentration of these substances were discovered in Danube Delta, the river Dniester and in the Georgia's coastline waters.
If the quantity of chemicals exceeds a certain level, they become destructive to all living organisms and disrupt the reproduction and development cycles of the marine creatures. For example, significant concentrations of chlorine-containing pesticides, toxic dioxins and mercury were found in the tissues of dead dolphins. For all such substances a toxicity threshold is set, and if it is exceeded, it is necessary to remove these substances from production, improve wastewater treatment or legally prohibit their use.
Some good news too! According to the EU EMBLAS project, the processes of restoration of the sea vegetation and animal species – indicators of good environmental conditions – have begun. For example, the red agar-bearing algae Phyllophora can be seen developing and in the coastal zones one could once again find crabs, shrimps and seahorses.
For more interesting facts about the Black Sea take a look at the book "Secrets of the Black Sea".
2. Is there still fish in the Black Sea?
There are more than 200 species of fish in the Black Sea, 30 of them are valuable commercially, such as anchovy, sprat, clupeonella, herring and goby. The largest Black Sea fish is beluga, one of the seven representatives of the sturgeon family in the Black Sea.
However, some of the fish species become rare and are endangered. For example, the seahorse became almost extinct. Tens of thousands of fish were dried annually as souvenirs for tourists. After the seahorse was included in the Red Book of Ukraine and its fishing was banned, its numbers began to grow.
Due to the fact that sturgeon's meat and its black caviar are considered valuable delicacies, excessive fishing decreased the sturgeon population. All seven of the sturgeon species in the Black Sea are under threat of extinction. They are now included in the Red Books of all the Black Sea countries, and their fishing is illegal.
Every year a large amount of fish is caught, and half of the total catch comes from Turkey. Anchovy, mullet, so-iuy mullet and predatory mollusk rapana constitute the bulk of fishing in the Black Sea. As a result of excessive fishing, tuna and mackerel have already disappeared from the Black Sea, and sturgeons are on the verge of extinction. Sturgeon fishing is prohibited in all the Black Sea countries, but poachers constantly violate this ban. The stocks of kalkan and katran flounder are rapidly decreasing; they are also included in the Red Books of the Black Sea countries. During the EMBLAS project surveys, the DNA of the European sturgeon and beluga was found in many samples throughout the Black Sea - this means that some of these unique fish are still swimming in the Black Sea.
The Black Sea is also home to the longnose spurdog, rays, dolphins and 30 species of jellyfish. Large specimens include the widespread moon jellyfish (Aurelia) and Rhizostomae. Aurelia occasionally causes mild burns that go away within an hour, and a larger Rhizostomae can cause painful but not life-threatening skin lesions that disappear in a few days.
Almost 5600 species of living organisms exist in the Black Sea, which is approximatively two times less than in the neighbouring seas. This is also due to the low salinity and comparatively cold climate.
3. How can global warming affect seas and coastal cities?
One of the dangerous consequences of global warming will be a rise in sea level: first, glaciers melt by adding additional volumes of water to the Global Ocean, and, secondly, water expands when heated. Odessa and other Black Sea cities may well share the fate of the flooded Olvia. This may not happen in a year or even in a hundred, but in several centuries.
The Black Sea has its own cycles of water level fluctuations. For example, since the late 1990s, the level of the Black Sea has dropped by an average of 1 cm. This may be due to global climate change - the warmer the sea is, the more water evaporates from its surface. In addition, the warmer and drier the year is, the less water reaches the sea from the rivers flowing into it. The river flows into the Black Sea is much less than 100 years ago. This is because most of the water volume of the Dnieper, Bug, Dniester and Danube is channelled to field irrigation for agriculture purposes. As the temperature rises, in land water consumption increases, while its runoff from the upstream decreases. Heating water in shallow coastal areas can reduce the solubility of oxygen in water. Whole spots of "dead water" (anoxic zones) are formed, where the oxygen saturation is too low for the survival of fish, crabs and shellfish, and they die in big numbers.
With a decrease in river flow into the Black Sea and an increase in ocean levels, salinity in the Black Sea may increase, which means that the Black Sea will become more attractive for settlement by inhabitants from the Mediterranean. Each year, more Mediterranean species such as barracuda and sea turtles swim occasionally into the Black Sea.
4. Is it true that there is a lot of litter in the sea?
With the increase in the use of plastic over the past 20 years, the amount of litter in the oceans has increased hundreds of times - about 8 million tons of plastic find its way into the ocean every year. Circular currents concentrate it in certain places, creating "garbage islands".
The Black Sea is littered twice as much as the Mediterranean and this is due to the transfer of plastic with the runoff of large rivers and the relative isolation of the Black Sea. 85% of all trash in the Black Sea is plastic. Light plastic bottles and bags, floating on the surface of the water, under the influence of ultraviolet rays and temperature gradually disintegrates into smaller fragments, which eventually settle at the bottom of the sea.
Garbage is a problem for marine ecosystems. Firstly, sea creatures often perceive it as food, swallow it, and it clogs their digestive system. The seagulls suffer extensively from this. Secondly, plastic often absorbs organic pollutants, which enter the marine creatures' organisms and poisons them. Thirdly, animals can get trapped, lost and even die in the trash.
It is particularly important to know that in addition to large marine debris there is also microscopic litter called microplastic.. Almost two-thirds of microplastic are formed as a result of tire wear and subsequently washed off the roads. About one-fourth of microplastic comes from the sewers as a result of washing synthetic fabrics, from which microfibers are peeling off. Small plastic granules are often added to household chemicals, as well as to creams, scrubs and toothpastes, which also then go down the drain. The EU EMBLAS project scientists have recorded significant deposits of micro plastic at the bottom of the Black Sea.
Marine life is also affected by the noise pollution: the sounds of container ships, tankers and trawlers. In the areas of intensive navigation, there is an incessant underwater hum, similar to one heard on highways.
The most dangerous are the so-called impulse sounds. When a short signal of huge strength is emitted, it is deafening and leads to concussion. For example, air cannons used in underwater seismic exploration for minerals can produce pulses that are louder than the sound of a space rocket. Therefore, acoustic trauma to the inner ear received by cetaceans during military exercises or seismic surveys could be one of the reasons for them becoming grounded. They lose their ability to navigate using echolocation and distinguishing between the land and the sea.
5. How can the Black Sea be protected?
The European Union is funding several important initiatives that help preserve the Black Sea ecosystem.
Black Sea
"Improving Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea" (EU EMBLAS) project, implemented by UNDP. The overall goal of the project is to improve the protection of the Black Sea environment in Georgia, Russian Federation and Ukraine. The project studies and surveys the sea, evaluates its "health", and together with environmental activists fights marine litter, especially plastic waste. Cleaning beaches, and recycling marine debris into paving tiles are only few of the multitude of environmental actions organised by the project..
The European Union Water Initiative


Modal Logic
Modal logic is a type of formal logic primarily developed in the 1960s that extends classical propositional and predicate logic to include operators expressing modality. Modals — words that express modalities — qualify a statement. For example, the statement "John is happy" might be qualified by saying that John is usually happy, in which case the term "usually" is functioning as a modal. The traditional alethic modalities, or modalities of truth, include possibility ("Possibly, p", "It is possible that p"), necessity ("Necessarily, p", "It is necessary that p"), and impossibility ("It is impossible that p").
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Life in Caldwell in 1837-41, The Cleveland Years – Quiz
Life in Caldwell in 1837-41, The Cleveland Years
 1. How many people lived in Caldwell in 1840?
 2. 2000 b. 1436 c. 988 d. 250 e. 486
 1. Who else lived in Caldwell?
 2. Dutch Americans b. native Americans c. black Americans d. German Americans e. Irish Americans f. Asian Americans g. Hispanic Americans f Hawaiian Americans
 1. Who else lived in Caldwell?
 2. rabbits b. bears c. raccoons d. deer e. mountain lions f. foxes g. rats h. groundhogs i. squirrels j. moles k. bats, l. muskrats, m. minks n. opossums o. porcupines
 1. Where were stray domesticated animals kept until their owners picked them up?
 1. Each mature sheep today gives us about 30 lbs. Of wool. How many lbs did they give Caldwell farmers the 1830-40's?
 1. Why did Caldwell farmers and drovers like oxen so much?
 1. Grover's home in the old manse lacked which features?
 2. running water b. central heating c. electricity d. bathroom and toilet e. stove f. refrigerator g. washing machine h. screens i.telephone j. vacuum cleaner k. kerosene lamp.
 1. Which local social services did Caldwell have in 1840?
 2. police force b. fire department c. militia d. bank e. poor house f. hospital g. library h. board of health i. mayor and council j. sewer plant l. public school system
 1. What is a tannery?
 2. beach club b. leather factory c. paint store d. tea salon e. bakery
 1. What diseases did Caldwell residents have vaccinations for?
 2. small pox b. measles c. Whooping cough d. diphtheria e. tuberculosis g. cholera g. typhoid
 3. fever h. influenza i. tetnus j. polio k. malaria l. German measles
Life in Caldwell in the 1830-40s The Answers!
 1. 250 people, Caldwell included then all the surrounding towns as well.
 1. Hawaiian Americans are not recorded and the last names in the census suggest they were not present.
 1. Mountain lion; the last one was killed on Roseland Avenue in 1832. Almost all the predatory animals were hunted out and killed by the farmers to protect their live stock.
 1. Stray domestic animals were kept on the Green, now the corner of Roseland and Bloomfield Avenue. Until the 1870s domestic animals were fenced out of farms and gardens and not fenced in to pastures and farms and ranches. Most animals came home to be milked and fed.
 1. About 9 lbs for a mature ram; modern animal husbandry began in the 18th century without understanding genetics, just careful examination and selection of characteristics. Sheep doubled in weight on average from 1740-1840s. Also, crop rotation with winter crops, allowing animals to graze and fertilize the fields but not let them lie fallow every third year, meant that there was food for the animals all winter long (and for people), so all the animals did not have to be slaughtered each fall and could grow bigger and heavier (and wooly).
 1. Oxen, unlike horses, have cloven feet. Cloven feet meant they could walk on rocky ground without splitting their hooves and had good traction. Have you ever tried to dig a hole in Caldwell? Oxen can also walk at a steady pace for longer distances pulling their loads. Oxen do not, however, back up and need a wide space to turn around.
 1. Grover's mom and servant had none of those aides. Stoves to burn wood for cooking were invented by Benj. Thompson in 1833; improved and produced in 1834 by Philo Stewart (the Oberlin Stove) but were expensive and not readily available until a decade later. Kerosene lamps became available after kerosene was discovered in the 1850s.
 1. None of those services except the militia. Caldwell was incorporated in 1892; before the services if they existed were provided by the county or the larger Caldwell.
 1. Tanneries were "factories" where animal skims were treated to produce leather. The Caldwells had many trees to provide the bark, animals their hides, and seasonal labor. Tanneries tan hides by soaking the flesh off with acids made from tree bark. They stank. Tanneries were not permitted in cities whenever possible, the beginning of public health laws.
 1. Only one, smallpox. That vaccination was achieved by giving a person a mild case of cow pox. Jenner, the early advocate for small pox vaccination, was born in 1749 and died in 1796. There was no knowledge of germs just what appeared to be a better protection from the disease among workers with cows. Any large gathering of people, without social distancing, makes spreading disease easier. For example, Washington almost lost the continental army to smallpox; he made the army be vaccinated while in Morristown. During the Civil War Lincoln caught smallpox; the Confederate army was plagued with malaria and the Union army with measles. They were all deadly diseases at that time. Smallpox is the only one now very rarely experienced.
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text: Fallow-deer _USER_:14:5 (R.V., "Wild goat"); kjvKings:4:23 (R.V., "roebucks"). This animal, called in Hebrew _yahmur_, from a word meaning "to be red," is regarded by some as the common fallow-deer, the Cervus dama, which is said to be found very generally over Western and Southern Asia. It is called "fallow" from its pale-red or yellow colour. Some interpreters, however, regard the name as designating the bubale, Antelope bubale, the "wild cow" of North Africa, which is about the size of a stag, like the hartebeest of South Africa. A species of deer has been found at Mount Carmel which is called _yahmur_ by the Arabs. It is said to be similar to the European roebuck.


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A method of transmission is the movement or the transmission of pathogens from a reservoir to a susceptible host. Once a pathogen has exited the reservoir, it needs a mode of transmission to the host through a portal of entry. Transmission can be by direct or indirect contact or through airborne transmission.
Direct contact is person-to-person transmission of pathogens through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse. Microorganisms can also be expelled from the body by coughing, sneezing or talking. The organisms travel in droplets over less than 1 metre in distance and are inhaled by a susceptible host.
Indirect contact includes both vehicle-borne and vector-borne contact. A vehicle is an inanimate go-between, an intermediary between the portal of exit from the reservoir and the portal of entry to the host. Inanimate objects such as handkerchiefs and tissues, soiled laundry, and surgical instruments and dressings are common vehicles that can transmit infection.