text:
Family: Aulostomidae, Trumpetfishes view all from this family
Description Trumpetfish, Aulostomus maculatus, are long bodied fish with upturned mouths, that often swim vertically while trying to blend with vertical coral, like sea rods, sea pens, and pipe sponges.
Trumpetfish occur in waters between 0.5 and 30 meters (1.6 and appr. 100 feet) deep and can grow to 40 to 80 cm (appr. 15 to 31 inches) in length. They are sometimes locally abundant over coral atoll reefs or in lagoons, where they may be caught even in areas of severe wave action. The spawning habits of the trumpetfish are unknown, but in the region around Madeira, it is known that the females have mature eggs from March to June.
Trumpetfish are closely related to cornetfish. Trumpetfish can be a bit more than 36 inches (3 ft) long and have greatly elongated bodies with small jaws at the front end of a long, tubular snout. The gills are pectinate, resembling the teeth of a comb, and a soft dorsal fin is found near the tail fin. A series of spines occurs in front of the dorsal fin. Trumpetfish vary in color from dark brown to greenish but also yellow in some areas. A black streak, sometimes reduced to a dark spot, occurs along the jaw, and a pair of dark spots is sometimes found on the base of the tail fin.
Trumpetfish swim slowly, sneaking up on unsuspecting prey, or lie motionless like a floating stick, swaying back and forth with the wave action of the water. They are adept at camouflaging themselves and often swim in alignment with other larger fishes. They feed almost exclusively on small fish, such as wrasses and atheriniformes,by sucking them suddenly into their small mouths.
Trumpetfish make up the genus Aulostomus of the family Aulostomidae.
Habitat Ocean or bay shallows, Estuaries, tidal flats & salt marshes, Tidepools.
Range Southeast, Florida, Texas.


TriangleCurve Command
From GeoGebra Manual
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TriangleCurve( , , , )
Creates implicit polynomial, whose equation in barycentric coordinates with respect to points P, Q, R is given by the fourth parameter; the barycentric coordinates are referred to as A, B, C.
Example: If P, Q, R are points, TriangleCurve(P, Q, R, (A - B)*(B - C)*(C - A) = 0) gives a cubic curve consisting of the medians of the triangle PQR.
Example: TriangleCurve(A, B, C, A*C = 1/8) creates a hyperbola such that tangent, through A or C, to this hyperbola splits triangle ABC in two parts of equal area.
Example: TriangleCurve(A, B, C, A² + B² + C² - 2B C - 2C A - 2A B = 0) creates the Steiner inellipse of the triangle ABC, and TriangleCurve(A, B, C, B C + C A + A B = 0) creates the Steiner circumellipse of the triangle ABC.
Note: The input points can be called A, B or C, but in this case you cannot use e.g. x(A) in the equation, because A is interpreted as the barycentric coordinate.
© 2021 International GeoGebra Institute


text:
The approach taken to evaluate performance for DOAC assays complies with specifications detailed in ISO 13528 Statistical Methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons and is as follows:
The consensus median is taken as the central reference point or "target value".
A z score is calculated using the following formula:
[result – mean] / SD
The mean is a "robust" mean value, with outliers excluded; the SD is a "robust" SD determined after exclusion of outliers.
A result identical to the mean will give a Z score of 0. ISO13528 defines Z score above 3 or below -3 as an "action signal". A Z score above 2 and below 3 (or below -2 and above -3) is a "warning signal". It is suggested in this ISO guide that one action signal, or two successive warning signals require investigation.
Assessment is against overall medians, for each DOAC, when n =>10. If the DOAC assay is performed by 10 but <20 centres, performance is assessed but centres should note that z-scores can be unreliable with small numbers of samples (n<20) as in this case. If <10 centres return results for an assay, performance will not be assessed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Published on ONJava.com (_URL_
 See this if you're having trouble printing code examples
Web FORM-Based Authentication
by Dion Almaer
In this article, we will walk through the various security settings that we can set up in the Web Application framework, going into detail on how you can set up FORM-based authentication.
All of the code from this article should work with any Web container that supports the Servlet 2.2 API and above. This article assumes that you have knowledge of Web applications, servlets, and JSP's.
We will walk through the following items:
Configuring security on a resource
To secure a resource we will:
Step One: Restrict resources based on a given URL pattern
First of all, we want to protect some resource in our Web container. We restrict an area of our site based on a URL pattern. So, let's restrict access to any URL that starts with /secure.
All of our configuration will take place in a file named web.xml that lives in the magical directory WEB-INF. This conforms to the Web Application standard defined by Sun (and company). In your web.xml file you will tell the Web container that you want to restrict an area based on the URL pattern, which will look like:
 Security constraint /secure
The interesting tags here are:
Step Two: Name the security roles that are allowed access to the resources
Now we have defined the area that we are securing, and what HTTP methods we will allow. We still need to tell the container who has access to this given resource. To do this we set up abstract security "roles" for our entire Web application, and list the roles that have access to each . In our example we will only let users in the "admin" role have access to /secure (the SecurePages resource).
After the we place an tag that tells the container "only the admin role has access to this area." For example,
only let the admin users login
Step Three: Name all of the security roles in the web application
Later on in web.xml we define all of the security roles. Our example only has one role (admin), but if you imagine a real-world example where you have /managers and /peons, each with their own roles, then you would configure the "manager" and "peon" roles, but the for each resource will only list one role (e.g. under the that has the pattern /managers/*, the would be "manager").
Here is the simple tag showing our only role (admin):
 The Only Secure Role
Step Four: Name all of the users/groups in the roles
So, we have listed all of our security roles, told the server that anyone in that one role is allowed access to a resource under /secure, but how do we set up the users that are in the given role? A "role" is just this abstract thing, but we need to tie it to the real security system. This is where we move away from the standards, and the particular server takes over.
If we are working with BEA WebLogic Server, we tie to the real users via the file WEB-INF\weblogic.xml. That file would have the following xml:
We tie to the role name admin, and give the usernames, or groups that are part of that role. In this case, I have only granted access to /secure to the user "system."
To put it all together, so far we have set up the security roles for our Web application, named all of the users and groups that are part of that role, and set up a security condition: when a browser accesses /secure, only the users in the admin role will get through!
Authentication Options
Although we have defined the users that are allowed access to a resource, we need to tell the container how we want to authenticate the users. There are four authentication methods to choose from:
Authentication Method Description
Use HTTP basic authentication. If we used this setting then the good ole pop up window will show trying to access /secure.
It is sometimes nice to be able to build your authentication into your Web pages. With FORM-based authentication we can do this! We will focus on this mechanism in the next section.
We can use client digital certificates to authenticate against.
Use HTTP digest authentication (advanced form of BASIC, but hasn't caught on to much).
This is a nice feature, being able to choose the authentication mechanism at deploy-time. Let's check out form based authentication, and walk through an example of setting it up.
FORM-based Authentication
 Related Reading:
Java Security, 2nd Edition
Java Security, 2nd Edition
By Scott Oaks
2nd Edition May 2001 (est.)
0-596-00157-6, Order Number: 1576
We will go through the simple steps required in setting up the standards-based FORM-based authentication.
 1. Configure the web.xml to use FORM-based authentication
 2. Build the login form
Step One: Configure the web.xml to use FORM-based authentication
Let's tell the container to use FORM-based authentication in our web.xml file.
First, we specify "FORM" as the auth-method (instead of BASIC, DIGEST, or CLIENT-CERT), and then we tell the system that the Web page LoginForm.html has the which will authenticate a user. If we try to access a page under /secure we will first have to fill out the form in LoginForm.html and authenticate. If our authentication fails (we do not log in correctly as the system user), then we will be sent to LoginError.html.
Step Two: Build the login form
Now we build out login form. We have to follow a couple of conventions that are defined in the Servlet API specification:
So, our LoginForm.html will simply look like:
 Username:

Let's say a browser tries to access something under /secure in our deployed Web application. The container will do the following:
 1. Save away the resource that the user was trying to access.
 2. Send back the LoginForm.html.
 3. When the user fills out the username and password and submits it back, the container tries to authenticate the user. If the auth fails the LoginError.html is sent back to the browser.
 4. If the authenticated user is part of the admin role (e.g. system user), the original resource will be sent back to the user, otherwise the LoginError.html will.
And that is it! Using FORM-based authentication is easy. You configure the web.xml to point to the correct login form and error page, and then make sure that the form follows the conventions of using j_security_check, j_username, and j_password.
Enforcing SSL
Lastly, we can declaratively control the level of security in the transport mechanism using the following tag in web.xml:
 SSL not required
There are three possible values for the :
Transport Description
No encryption is required (http is fine)
The data must be encrypted, so that other parties can not observe the contents (e.g. enforce SSL)
The data must be transported so that the data cannot be changed in transit. Most servers use SSL for this value too, although in theory you could use some hashing algorithm, as encryption is not required
We have shown that you can configure many security options for your Web-based applications, adding support for a standard way to do FORM-based authentication that the Web container takes care of for you. Please download the sample Web application and test it out by trying to access /logintest/secure/ (assuming that you deploy the Web application as "logintest").
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


From Honda Accord Hybrid to Koenigsegg Regera
Some of you may wonder why we are talking about Honda Accord and Koenigsegg Regera at the same time. At first glance, these two cars are totally unrelated: the Honda Accord Hybrid has only 196HP combined system power, while the Koenigsegg Regera has 1,500HP. The Accord Hybrid starts from $29,305, while the Koenigsegg Regera carries a price tag of $1,890,000 (close to 1.9 million).
Above image: the Koenigsegg Regera in the 2015 Geneva auto show
In fact, despite the huge difference in power output and price, these two cars have one common feature: they are the only two production cars that connects an internal combustion engine (ICE) directly to the driving wheels. Yes that sounds odd: the ICE propels the wheels directly, no transmission at all.
In this article, I will briefly introduce how such hybrid powertrain works and what is its pros and cons. Part of the information is from the following Honda technical papers:
Development of SPORT HYBRID i-MMD Control System for 2014 Model Year Accord
Above image: the 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid
Battery Pack: Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid v.s Koenigsegg Regera
Accord Plug-in Hybrid: Lithium-Ion Battery, 6.7kWh, instant output: 55kW
Koenigsegg Regera: Lithium-Ion Battery, 9kWh, instant output: 500kW
The Regera has around 34% more battery capacity than the Accord Plug-in hybrid, however, its electric motors draw battery power much faster than the Accord. So the Regera's battery capacity is facing a bigger challenge under heavy track racing conditions.
Engine Direct Drive Hybrid System Explained
See the below illustration, the Honda Accord Hybrid has 3 different working modes (the Koenigsegg Regera will work similarly too):
Above image: 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid i-MMD operation modes
Pure EV mode: the vehicle is driven by the electric motor only, which draws power from the battery; the ICE is stopped in this mode;
Hybrid drive mode: the ICE is running, driving the generator; the generator provides electricity to supply to the electric motor, which propels the vehicle; the ICE does not have any mechanical connections to the vehicle wheels. If ICE generates more energy than what the electric motor needs, the excessive power will be used to charge the battery; on the other hand, if the instant power required from the electric motor exceeds what the ICE generates at that moment, extra power will be drawn from the battery;
Engine drive mode (when vehicle speed > 38mph): the ICE is directly connected to the wheels without a transmission, the vehicle will be driven directly by the ICE with extra assist from the electric motor (if needed).
Above image: Speed and workload range of Honda Accord Hybrid's 3 driving modes
You can see, the "engine drive" mode cannot be used if the vehicle is moving at a low speed, since that will stall the engine. This is true on both the Accord and the Regera. The engine drive mode kicks in at 38mph for the Accord and 30mph for the Regera. The above image shows each driving mode's possible speed and workload range.
Above image: illustration of the Koenigsegg Regera's powertrain
Above image: 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid's powertrain
Pros of Using Engine Direct Drive (No Transmission)
The reason of not using a transmission, but instead connecting the engine directly to the wheels, is to address two shortcomings in the traditional transmission:
1. Parasitic loss in the transmission components;
2. A brief stop of power transmitting during the period when transmission is changing the gear (not including the CVT)
Pros of Using A Transmission
Most cars with an internal combustion engine (ICE) are usually paired with a transmission. This includes some expensive exotic hybrid supercars, such as the Porsche 918, Ferrari LaFerrari, Lamborghini Asterion and Acura NSX. This is definitely not a coincidence, and there must be some reasons behind it. Especially for the Acura NSX, which uses one ICE plus 3 electric motors. Obviously, Acura has no technical difficulties in using the no-transmission drivetrain scheme like the Koenigsegg Regera, because it has already gained relevant experiences while designing the Accord Hybrid; and it is not for cost too – in fact it saves lots of money by removing the transmission. Therefore Acura has its own consideration on what is more suitable for a hybrid sports car.
Reasons for mainstream auto makers to use transmission on their hybrid sports cars are as follows:
1. To provide maximum torque in low speed and let the car accelerate even if the battery is empty, ICE need to directly participate in providing torque to the wheels. ICE has low torque output in low RPM range (especially near engine idle RPM), therefore it needs different gear ratios to "magnify" the torque output;
2. ICE has different thermal efficiency under different RPM and different workload. By using a transmission, it can let the ICE stay within the most efficient RPM range at any vehicle speed. For example, an ICE outputs 100hp at 2,000 RPM; and it can also output the same 100 horsepower at 4,000 RPM (achieved by varying the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders per cycle). Although the outputs are the same in both cases, fuel efficiencies are different.
The above images shows the engine efficiency relationship for the 2.0L engine used on the Accord Hybrid. The efficiency of each point on the chart (x-axis: engine speed in RPM, y-axis: workload, measured in torque output) is represented by different colors (more red means better efficiency). You can see: for the Honda engine, the best efficiency occurs in mid-range RPM and mid-torque output. Generally speaking, for a given ICE output, mid-range RPM with mid-load is better than low RPM with high load.
3. By using a transmission, a hybrid car is able to run using the ICE only, it will not cause any trouble even if the battery is fully depleted. This is extremely critical for track racing purpose.
Cons of Using Engine Direct Drive (No Transmission)
The first major issue is: when the ICE is connected to the wheels, its spinning RPM will be fixed to the vehicle speed, which means it will be unable to work in the maximum torque/output range at any time.
Secondly, for this design there will be a serious issue if the battery pack is fully depleted. Take the Koenigsegg Regera as an example, its power delivery scheme needs to be really conservative – this is because for speed less than 30mph, it depends solely on the electric motor; ICE will not work for that speed range because low speed will stall the direct connected engine. In short: the Koenigsegg Regera cannot has a fully depleted battery.
In addition, the ICE is unable to stay within the optimal efficiency RPM range. Furthermore, to provide instant high output to charge the battery, the V8 ICE on the Koenigsegg Regera may need to be disconnected from driving the wheels, then rev up to achieve high RPM output (in order to charge the battery as quickly as possible). This situation will occur even at the moment that you need maximum power (because charging the battery has the highest priority). From the previous section, we know the Regera's battery capacity is not so much larger than the Accord, and Regera's electric motors are drawing significantly more power from the battery, which will frequently cause the V8 engine to go into the charging mode. This may effectively left the Koenigsegg Regera to be driven only by the 700hp electric motors, frequently.
One more thing makes the situation worse: during hard acceleration, electric motors is drawing energy from the battery at a much faster speed than charging the battery. Therefore under the pure EV drive mode, electric motor output may need to be limited to a lower level to let the battery charging speed catch up with the speed that electricity is drained away. Hybrid cars with a transmission won't have such tight restrictions, because it can run solely using the ICE without any help from the electric motor.
You may challenge my above discussion since it is just a qualitative analysis. But that is based on what we know from the Accord Hybrid.
Power Management Scheme: 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid
Above image: power management scheme of the 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid
We do not have details of the Regera's power management algorithm; however, Honda did show us how the power is managed in the Accord Hybrid. I consider it to be very representative.
See the above image, you will find most of the time, Honda does not allow the ICE to be connected to the wheels (ICE only drives the wheel during high speed acceleration phase); In high-speed hard acceleration, when the ICE is participated in driving the wheels directly, the battery is also in the discharging mode, which means such output level cannot be maintained for longer period, and the battery charging phase (which draws power from the ICE) will follow immediately.
Therefore, Acura uses a 7-speed DCT on the 2016 NSX for these major reason: it not only makes it possible to keep the engine RPM within the optimal efficiency/torque/hp region, but also has higher possibility to supply the maximum system power whenever you need it. The same reason applies to other hybrid sports car like the


Scheduling algorithms for procrastinators
Bender Michael A., R Clifford, Tsichlas Kostas
8 Citations (Scopus)
This paper presents scheduling algorithms for procrastinators, where the speed that a procrastinator executes a job increases as the due date approaches. We give optimal off-line scheduling policies for linearly increasing speed functions. We then explain the computational/numerical issues involved in implementing this policy. We next explore the online setting, showing that there exist adversaries that force any online scheduling policy to miss due dates. This impossibility result motivates the problem of minimizing the maximum interval stretch of any job; the interval stretch of a job is the job's flow time divided by the job's due date minus release time. We show that several common scheduling strategies, including the "hit-the-highest-nail" strategy beloved by procrastinators, have arbitrarily large maximum interval stretch. Then we give the "thrashing" scheduling policy and show that it is a Θ(1) approximation algorithm for the maximum interval stretch.
Translated title of the contributionJournal of Scheduling
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)95 - 104
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Scheduling
Volume11, Number 2
Publication statusPublished - 2008
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Scheduling algorithms for procrastinators'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


I need to split a list into a list of all possible tuples, but I'm unsure of how to do so.
For example:
pairs ["cat","dog","mouse"]
should result in:
[("cat","dog"), ("cat","mouse"), ("dog","cat"), ("dog","mouse"), ("mouse","cat"), ("mouse","dog")]
I was able to form the first two, but am unsure of how to get the rest.
Here's what I have so far:
pairs (x:xs) = [(m,n) | m <- [x], n <- xs]
You can use a list comprehension:
allpairs xs = [ (x1,x2) | x1 <- xs, x2 <- xs, x1 /= x2 ]
 - Thank you! I completely forgot about list comprehension. – user1742646 Oct 13 '12 at 1:30
This answer is in two parts. The first part addresses the question directly. The second part goes off on a tangent (literally) in order to dig about in the mathematics behind the first part: it may thus prove to be difficult material of limited interest, but I thought a few extremists might enjoy it.
The answers I've seen so far make neat use of list comprehensions or their monadic equivalent, but they use equality to rule out duplicates, thus requiring an extra Eq constraint. Here's a solution which makes all the pairs of elements in two different positions.
Firstly, I write a handy function which decorates each element of a list with the list of elements in other positions: all the ways to "pick one and leave the others". It's very useful whenever lists are being used to collect stuff for selection-without-replacement, and it's something I find I use a lot.
picks :: [x] -> [(x, [x])]
picks [] = []
picks (x : xs) = (x, xs) : [(y, x : ys) | (y, ys) <- picks xs]
Note that map fst. picks = id, so that the selected element in each position of the result is the element from that position in the original list: that's what I meant by "decorates".
Now it's easy to pick two, using the same list comprehension method as in the other answers. But instead of selecting the first component from the list itself, we can select from its picks, at the same time acquiring the list of candidates for the second component.
allPairs :: [x] -> [(x, x)]
allPairs xs = [(y, z) | (y, ys) <- picks xs, z <- ys]
It's just as easy to get hold of the triples, taking picks twice.
allTriples :: [x] -> [(x, x, x)]
allTriples ws = [(x, y, z) | (x, xs) <- picks ws, (y, ys) <- picks xs, z <- ys]
For uniformity, it's almost tempting to make the code slightly less efficient, writing (z, _) <- picks ys rather than z <- ys in both.
If the input list has no duplicates, you won't get any duplicating tuples in the output, because the tuples take their elements from different positions. However, you will get
Picks> allPairs ["cat", "cat"]
To avoid that, feel free to use allPairs. nub, which removes duplicates before selection and demands once more an Eq instance for the element type.
For extremists only: containers, calculus, comonads and combinatorics ahoy!
picks is one instance of a more general construct, arising from the differential calculus. It's an amusing fact that for any given containery sort of a functor f, its mathematical derivative, ∂f, represents f-structures with one element removed. For example,
newtype Trio x = Trio (x, x, x) -- x^3
has derivative
data DTrio x = Left3 ((), x, x) | Mid3 (x, (), x) | Right3 (x, x, ()) -- 3*x^2
A number of operations can be associated with this construction. Imagine we can really use ∂ (and we can kinda code it up using type families). We could then say
data InContext f x = (:-) {selected :: x, context :: ∂f x}
to give a type of selected elements decorated by context. We should certainly expect to have the operation
plug :: InContext f x -> f x -- putting the element back in its place
This plug operation moves us towards the root if we're zippering about in a tree whose nodes are seen as containers of subtrees.
We should also expect InContext f to be a comonad, with
counit :: InContext f x -> x
counit = selected
projecting out the selected element and
cojoin :: InContext f x -> InContext f (InContext f x)
decorating every element with its context, showing all possible way you could refocus, selecting a different element.
The inestimable Peter Hancock once suggested to me that we should also expect to be able to move "down" (meaning "away from the root"), collecting all the possible ways to pick an element-in-context from a whole structure.
picks :: f x -> f (InContext f x)
should decorate every x-element in the input f-structure with its context. We should expect that
fmap selected. picks = id
which is the law we had earlier, but also
fmap plug (picks fx) = fmap (const fx) fx
telling us that every decorated element is a decomposition of the original data. We didn't have that law above. We had
decorating every element not quite with something a bit like its context: from just the list of other elements, you can't see where the "hole" is. In truth,
∂[] x = ([x], [x])
separating the list of elements before the hole from the elements after the hole. Arguably, I should have written
picks :: [x] -> [(x, ([x], [x]))]
picks [] = []
picks (x : xs) = (x, ([], xs)) : [(y, (x : ys, ys')) | (y, (ys, ys')) <- picks xs]
and that's certainly a very useful operation too.
But what's really going on is quite sensible, and only a slight abuse. In the code I originally wrote, I'm locally taking [] to represent finite bags or unordered lists. Bags are lists without a notion of specific position, so if you select one element, its context is just the bag of the remaining elements. Indeed
∂Bag = Bag -- really? why?
so the right notion of picks is indeed
picks :: Bag x -> Bag (x, Bag x)
Represent Bag by [] and that's what we had. Moreover, for bags, plug is just (:) and, up to bag equality (i.e., permutation), the second law for picks does hold.
Another way of looking at bags is as a power series. A bag is a choice of tuples of any size, with all possible permutations (n! for size n) identified. So we can write it combinatorially as a big sum of powers quotiented by factorials, because you have to divide by x^n by n! to account for the fact that each of the n! orders in which you could have chosen the x's gives you the same bag.
∂Bag x = 0 + 1 + x + x^2/2! +...
shifting the series sideways. Indeed, you may well have recognized the power series for Bag as being that for exp (or e^x), which is famous for being its own derivative.
So, phew! There you go. An operation naturally arising from the datatype interpretation of the exponential function, being its own derivative, is the handy piece of kit for solving problems based on selection-without-replacement.
 - 16
 Great answer. People should also see Brent Yorgey's blog post where he describes the type of Sets, which are Bags that don't allow duplicates. The punchline: rather than the exp function (satisfying ∂f = f) you get a function g constructed with falling factorials, which satisfies Δg = g, where Δ is the finite difference rather than the derivative (also see this sigfpe post which completes the circle by referencing one of _USER_'s papers!) – Chris Taylor Oct 14 '12 at 9:59
My approach, which is somewhat similar to others'. It doesn't require Eq.
allpairs :: [t] -> [(t,t)]
allpairs [] = []
allpairs [_] = []
allpairs (x:xs) = concatMap (\y -> [(x,y),(y,x)]) xs ++ allpairs xs
Another possibility is to use monadic notation:
pairs l = do
 x <- l
 y <- l
 guard (x /= y)
 return (x, y)
(The most general type for this definition of pairs would be (MonadPlus m, Eq a) => m a -> m (a,a) but I believe there is no instance of MonadPlus other than [] for which it would make sense.)
import Control.Applicative
pairs xs = filter (uncurry (/=)) $ (,) <$> xs <*> xs
pairs = (filter.uncurry) (/=). (join.liftA2) (,)
Your Answer


text:
Here is the schematic of a very simple electronic thermostat using IC LM56. LM56 is a very accurate dual output low power thermostat from National Semiconductors.LM56 has various useful features like internal temperature sensor, two internal voltage comparators, internal voltage reference etc. Two stable temperature trip points (VT1 and VT2) are created by dividing the LM56's 1.250V internal voltage reference using 3 external resistors (R1, R2 and R3). There are two digital outputs for LM56.Output1 becomes LOW when the temperature increases above T1 and goes HIGH when the temperature decreases below (T1±Hysteresis Temperature). In the same way, Output2 becomes LOW when the temperature goes above T2 and goes HIGH when the temperature goes below (T2±Hysteresis Temperature).
By connecting a cooler as the load for relay L1 and a heater as the load for relay L2, a very simple and useful temperature control system can be constructed.
The values of R1, R2 and R3 for the required trip points VT1 and VT2 can be determined using the following equations.
VT1 = 1.250V x (R1)/ (R1 + R2 + R3)
VT2 = 1.250V x (R1 + R2)/ (R1 + R2 + R3)
(R1 + R2 + R3) = 27 k Ohms and
VT1 or T2 = [6.20 mV/degree Celsius x T] = 395 mV therefore:
R1 = VT1/ (1.25V) x 27 k Ohms
R2 = (VT2/ (1.25V) x 27 k Ohms) – R1
R3 = 27 k Ohms – R1 – R2
Circuit diagram with Parts list.
- The circuit can be assembled on a Vero board.
- Use 5V DC for powering the circuit.
- L1 and L2 can be 5V relays.Their current ratings must be selected according to the load they switch.
- Do not give more than 10V to LM56.


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
An Investigation of the Baishatun Matsu Volunteer Associations in Central Taiwan
Gong Tian Temple, the religious center of Baishatun of Miaoli County, was founded in 1863. The Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage has more than a century of history. One major characteristic of Baishatun Mazu pilgrimage is that it is without a fixed route. The unique feature of the pilgrimage is that Matsu directs the schedule and the route. The Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage starts from Tonghsiao in Miaoli County to Beigang Chao-Tien Temple in Yunlin County. The common route of the Pilgrimage is across the coastal area of Miaoli County, Taichung City, Chang-Hua County, and Yun-Lin County. Some sincere polgrims calls for their friends and families to do something about the Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage. They prepare food, water, and plain raincoat, then they send to the people who follow the Baishatun Mazu pilgrimage by foot (xiang-deng-jiao). These people set up volunteer association to do more things about Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage. This examination was guided by the following research questions: What reasons cause those people to do such voluntary work? Where do they come from? In considering the structure of the volunteer associations. This start the field research of the Baishatun Matsu pilgrimage form 2012 to 2015, and talk with the key members of these volunteer associations. Most of them say that they organize the association because the Baishatun Matsu palanquin once parked in front of their house. Before that, these founders of the associations don't understand about the pilgrimage. The important finding from these data suggests two types of organization; One type can be called as missionary type, which means that they just sent out food, water, and plain raincoat to the "xiang-deng-jiao". Another type can be called as normal type which means that they run more like a normal Matsu association. They tend to do more things for Baishatun Matsu. Such the finding may account in part for the reason of the people to do such voluntary work. The results of the present study that might profitably be addressed by future researchers in the area. Accounting for why more than more people from another County of Taiwan to follow the Baishatun Mazu pilgrimage by foot remains for future research.
|Appears in Collections:||學位論文|
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text: This later nineteenth-century tabernacle frame of ebony-veneered soft wood was designed to house reverse-painted glass. The technique of reverse painting on glass, often called "verre eglomisé", dates to the Roman era, and was widely practiced in Europe by the early sixteenth century. Essentially, an image is painted on the back of a transparent glass or polished rock crystal support and meant to be viewed through it, the substrate becoming an integral part of the painting. The Lehman glass panels were probably painted in Lombardy in the second half of the sixteenth century.This tabernacle house altar has a semicircular pediment and rock crystal columns with silver-gilt Corinthian capitals and bases. A cast silver-gilt relief of God the Father in Benediction fills the pediment, which is surmounted by an agate urn with silver-gilt mounts flanked by two pointed agate finials. Cast silver-gilt appliqués decorate the entablature, the columns and the predella. The reverse-painted central arched panel represents the Adoration of the Shepherds while below, a narrow frieze of smaller vertical plaques shows the Adoration of the Magi in the center, flanked by the Angel Gabriel and the Virgin of the Annunciation. The outer panels show the Eucharistic host, chalice, and paten on the left and the "Arma Christi" on the right.Although its style dates from the early seventeenth century, the wooden framework for this house altar was built in the nineteenth century, probably by Reinhold Vasters (_PHONE_) or someone in his workshop. Vasters was a highly skilled German silversmith and goldsmith who for a time served as restorer at the Aachen Cathedral treasury. There, in the spirit of nineteenth-century historicism, he not only restored but also replaced worn or damaged liturgical objects. It is likely that the Lehman tabernacle house altar was made expressly to house a set of sixteenth-century reverse-painted panels. The unified program and the similarity of the style of the painting on the ten rock crystal panels suggest that they were scavenged from a single piece.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
State of the Art
Whereas the benefits of decomposing process models are obvious, the question what actually characterizes a "good" decomposition of a business process model has been given little attention to date. In addition, the process of decomposition itself is considered as being an "art" in literature. Our approach for achieving a "good" decomposition is Wand and Weber's decomposition model for information systems. As a first step in our investigation we aim to explore in how far the decomposition model can be adapted for business process modeling at all. The potential this model might bear for evaluating decompositions of process models has been promoted in literature quite often, while a corresponding investigation is still missing. We address this gap by the following research. In the long term, we intend to establish guidelines for decomposing business process models in a structured way.
Johannsen, Florian and Leist, Susanne
"Wand and Weber's Decomposition Model in the Context of Business Process Modeling,"
Business & Information Systems Engineering:
Vol. 4: Iss. 5, 271-286.
Available at: _URL_


Central de informes
Life's Greatest Secret
Matthew Cobb
Life's Greatest Secret is the story of the discovery and cracking of the genetic code. This great scientific breakthrough has had far-reaching consequences for how we understand ourselves and our place in the natural world. The code forms the most striking proof of Darwin's hypothesis that all organisms are related, holds tremendous promise for improving human well-being, and has transformed the way we think about life. Matthew Cobb interweaves science, biography and anecdote in a book that mixes remarkable insights, theoretical dead-ends and ingenious experiments with the pace of a thriller. He describes cooperation and competition among some of the twentieth century's most outstanding and eccentric minds, moves between biology, physics and chemistry, and shows the part played by computing and cybernetics. The story spans the globe, from Cambridge MA to Cambridge UK, New York to Paris, London to Moscow. It is both thrilling science and a fascinating story about how science is done.
Aviso Importante


The pitch of a tone is considered to consist of two components: the rectilinear component of height and the circular component of chroma, or pitch class. In an experiment employing simultaneous sequences of Shepard tones, it is shown that tones in different positions on the chroma circle differ in height when generated under the same spectral amplitude envelope. Further, the directions of these differences remain constant when the envelope is centered at different positions along the spectrum, resulting in clear differences in the overall heights of the patterns.
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Potential causes for spring coming out of a disc:
 1. Clutch Judder over a long period of time
Clutch Judder Definition: Clutch judder is caused by the clutch components and the flywheel not meeting concentrically or mating properly. This generally happens after the vehicle has come to a complete stop and during the engagement of the clutch while taking off. The physical juddering is the clutch alternately
 1. Driving the car in higher gearing while maintaining low speed
 2. Excessive clutch slip
 3. Repeated drivetrain shocks, examples include towing heavy loads, aggressive driving (abusive upshifting and downshifting), worn or missing pilot bearing/bushing
 4. Excessive vibration in the assembly
 5. Missing dowel pins between engine and transmission creating misalignment in the assembly
 6. Hanging of the transmission upon install, bending the disc or damaging the hub spline of the disc
If you have any questions about this article or engagement issues, please contact us at _EMAIL_ or call us at _PHONE_. You can also reach us by submitting a ticket to our web portal at _URL_


text:
Recent paper by QUILL researches features on inside cover of Green Chemistry.
A class of ionic liquids with a built-in active ketone functionality is shown to form adducts with structurally diverse alcohols. The positions of the equilibria for adduct formation are shown to be dependent on the structure of the alcohols. How these functionalised ionic liquids could be applied in altering vapour phase compositions of alcohols and in separations of perfumery alcohols are demonstrated.
The full article is available on the journal's website.


text:
Shaping Wellness: The Transformative Journey of Medical Weight Loss in West Palm Beach, FL
In the picturesque coastal city of West Palm Beach, FL, a transformative wave of wellness is reshaping the approach to weight loss. Medical Weight Loss in West Palm Beach programs have emerged as a beacon of hope for individuals seeking a scientifically-backed, personalized, and sustainable path to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
In a society where fad diets and quick fixes abound, the residents of West Palm Beach are increasingly turning to Med spa West Palm Beach programs for a more comprehensive and effective solution. These programs, typically supervised by qualified healthcare professionals, offer a holistic approach that goes beyond calorie counting to address the underlying factors contributing to weight gain.
One of the key attractions of IV Therapy West Palm Beach is the individualized nature of the programs. Healthcare providers conduct thorough assessments, considering factors such as metabolism, hormonal balance, and lifestyle to create personalized weight loss plans. This tailored approach ensures that individuals receive targeted interventions that are more likely to yield lasting results.
The medical aspect of these programs often involves the use of prescription medications or supplements to aid in weight loss. These medications, when prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals, can help control appetite, boost metabolism, and address specific physiological factors that may be hindering weight loss efforts. This evidence-based approach sets Medical Weight Loss in West Palm Beach apart from many commercial weight loss methods.
The supportive environment provided by Hormone Therapy West Palm Beach programs is another distinguishing feature. Regular check-ins with healthcare professionals, nutritional counseling, and behavioral therapy are often integral components of these programs. This comprehensive support system addresses not only the physical aspects of weight loss but also the psychological and emotional factors that play a crucial role in long-term success.
West Palm Beach's focus on overall well-being extends to its Medical Weight Loss offerings, with an emphasis on cultivating sustainable and healthy lifestyle habits. Clients are empowered with the knowledge and tools needed to make informed choices about nutrition, exercise, and stress management, ensuring that the benefits of their weight loss journey extend well beyond the program's duration.
As individuals in West Palm Beach strive for a healthier and more active lifestyle, West Palm Beach Med spaprograms have become instrumental in guiding them toward their wellness goals. With a commitment to evidence-based practices, personalized care, and ongoing support, these programs are shaping the landscape of weight loss in West Palm Beach, offering a transformative journey towards lasting health and vitality.
The Fountain West Palm Beach
1900 Okeechobee Blvd Ste A10, West Palm Beach, FL 33409


Understanding group attribute values to roles mapping
As part of managing their users, partners typically assign them role-based values (also known as group attribute values), such as Sales Managers, Service Managers, etc. However, we do not have visibility into their user directories and one partner may name the value "Sales Managers" while another partner may name it "SalesTeamManagers". To organize these group attribute values, we have created a group construct in the federated directory service. As the systems administrator in the host tenant, you can create host groups (for example "Mgrs-Sales" group) in which to map the group attribute values (for example the "Sales Managers" and "SalesTeamManagers" values). This host group can then be added to roles in your tenant. The diagram below demonstrates this flow.


any case).
You can control how an application reacts to a parameter modification by subscribing RoleEnvironment.Changing event, if you want to restart the whole role when a parameter change you can simply set Cancel=true inside Changing event:
RoleEnvironment.Changing += (s, e) =>
e.Cancel = true;
in this case, when application's.cscfg file content change, the role is shut down then restarted so that new parameters can be properly reloaded. If you don't want to restart the role but handle modifications yourself you can handle Changes parameter passed to RoleEnvironment.Changing event.
How can you test this logic when your app runs inside Azure local compute emulator? here are basic step:
 - Run you app locally and read what is current development id by opening compute emulator UI and reading what between parenthesis (2103 in following example) following deploymentXX label:
 - Run Windows Azure Command Prompt and navigate to the folder that contains your configuration file ServiceConfiguration.cscfg and run this command:
 csrun /update:[id];ServiceConfiguration.cscfg
And you'll see your role reacting to configuration change appropriately.
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author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ venerdì 20 aprile 2012 15.28 | Feedback (1)
Copying and moving styles using Expression Blend for HTML
Here's a couple of Blend tricks I'd like to share:
Let's say you have this HTML fragment:
 Content goes here
by looking at Blend's css properties pane you can see that, it has some css rules automatically applied:
you can copy the applied rule and paste it into another stylesheet by right clicking the highlighted row into selecting copy:
Now go to the Styles pane and click the "+" button shown in the picture below to add a new stylesheet:
then right click new file and select paste from context menu to paste the selector.
If you already have the same selector inside target file the properties will be merged (you'll see Paste properties instead of Paste menu) of course you can also right click the selector inside source file and copy/paste from there but in this case you will copy all selectors not just applied one.
Let's now suppose you change h1's background color:
this results in this inline style:
 Content goes here
how do I move the inline style to h1's selector inside my test.css? select Inline Style on Blend's pane and select Copy from context menu:
then select target stylesheet, target rule (if any), right click and then Paste properties from context menu:
to have properties added to selected file or rule.
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author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ lunedì 16 aprile 2012 7.57 | Feedback (0)
Fragment loading and Navigation in HTML5 Metro applications
Navigation is one of the core concepts of any Metro application, in this post I'll show how can you implement it in a HTML based Metro application.
The easiest way is to use the same common approach used by millions of HTML pages: using an hyperlink.
Assuming you are in default.html page and wish to navigate to page2.html all you need to do is add something like:
 1:
 2:
 3:
 4:
 5: DemoNavigation
 7:
 8:
 9:
 12:
 13:
 14:
 15:
 16:
 17: Click here to navigate to Page 2
 18:
 19:
When you run the app and click the hyperlink you move straight to page2.html.
This is approach is quite common, works fine (of course) but has a main drawback: you loose state when you move from default.html to page2.html, so if you need to maintain state, something that's quite common in client application Smile, you're on your own.
The problem is the same in web application that's why technologies like ajax or single page applications are gaining more and more momentum.
Let's now briefly see how you can embed an HTML fragment into default.html using WinJS's HtmlControl, here's the html you need to add to default.html page:
 1:
 2:
 3: This is a html fragment
 4:
 1:
 2: This is main page
 3:
 5:
Launching the app you'll see exactly what expected but with some limitations:
the fragment can't reference any css nor javascript file, and you are not informed when the fragment is loaded, luckily there's a way to get some javascript code executed when fragment is loaded into the DOM: WinJS.Pages.define.
Let's assume we wish to dynamically change the text of the fragment after it has been loaded so let's add a new pagedefine.js file (just for better understanding and separation) to our solution:
 1: ///
 3: (function () {
 4: 'use strict';
 6: WinJS.UI.Pages.define("../fragments/pageFragment.html",
 7: {
 8: ready:function(element,options)
 9: {
 10: var text = document.getElementById("txt");
 11: text.innerText = new Date().toLocaleString();
 12: }
 13: });
 16: }());
 1:
 5:
The define method available on Pages object accept the uri that uniquely identifies the page that is going to be loaded and an object exposing a set of properties, among these, ready is the function that will be called when page has been loaded into DOM, then the code just changes element content with current date:
we're now in a state where we can load a HTML fragment and run some code after it has been loades, before going further I need to point out that HmlControl can only load local html, if you need to load external content iFrame is your friend.
Problem now is: what if I need to load the fragment programmatically? (e.g. on a button click), let's remove HtmlControl from default.html and let's inject the fragment with a little help from WinJS:
 1:
 2:
 3:
 4:
 5: DemoNavigation
 7:
 13:
 14:
 15:
 16:
 17:
 19: Load fragment
 20:
 21:
 22:
 1: //default.js
 2: (function () {
 3: "use strict";
 4: var app = WinJS.Application;
 5: app.onactivated = function (eventObject) {
 6: if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) {
 7: if (eventObject.detail.previousExecutionState!== Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ApplicationExecutionState.terminated) {
 8: // TODO: This application has been newly launched. Initialize
 9: // your application here.
 10: } else {
 11: // TODO: This application has been reactivated from suspension.
 12: // Restore application state here.
 13: }
 14: WinJS.UI.processAll().then(function (e) {
 15: "btnLoad").listen("click", function (e) {
 16: //Load fragment
 17: var"contentHost")[0];
 18: WinJS.UI.Pages.render("../fragments/pageFragment.html", host, { data: 'data2share' });


Quality of Life Comparison
If you lived in Tajikistan instead of Peru, you would:
be 27.9% less likely to be obese
In Peru, 19.7% of adults are obese as of 2016. In Tajikistan, that number is 14.2% of people as of 2016.
live 5.7 years less
In Peru, the average life expectancy is 75 years (73 years for men, 77 years for women) as of 2020. In Tajikistan, that number is 69 years (66 years for men, 72 years for women) as of 2020.
be 65.2% less likely to be unemployed
In Peru, 6.9% of adults are unemployed as of 2017. In Tajikistan, that number is 2.4% as of 2016.
pay a 56.7% lower top tax rate
Peru has a top tax rate of 30.0% as of 2016. In Tajikistan, the top tax rate is 13.0% as of 2016.
make 76.3% less money
Peru has a GDP per capita of $13,500 as of 2017, while in Tajikistan, the GDP per capita is $3,200 as of 2017.
be 38.8% more likely to be live below the poverty line
In Peru, 22.7% live below the poverty line as of 2014. In Tajikistan, however, that number is 31.5% as of 2016.
be 80.7% less likely to die during childbirth
In Peru, approximately 88.0 women per 100,000 births die during labor as of 2017. In Tajikistan, 17.0 women do as of 2017.
have 28.2% more children
In Peru, there are approximately 17.0 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020. In Tajikistan, there are 21.8 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020.
be 72.5% more likely to die during infancy
In Peru, approximately 16.7 children die before they reach the age of one as of 2020. In Tajikistan, on the other hand, 28.8 children do as of 2020.
Basic Needs
be 58.2% less likely to have internet access
In Peru, approximately 52.5% of the population has internet access as of 2018. In Tajikistan, about 22.0% do as of 2018.
spend 33.3% more on education
Peru spends 3.9% of its total GDP on education as of 2017. Tajikistan spends 5.2% of total GDP on education as of 2015.
Tajikistan: At a glance
How big is Tajikistan compared to Peru? See an in-depth size comparison.
The statistics on this page were calculated using the following data sources: National Center of Legislation under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, The World Factbook, Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria.
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Description of the Chicago City Council Proceedings Files Inventory
This database is an inventory of the Chicago City Council's proceedings files from the city's first incorporation as a town in 1833 through the year of the Great Fire of 1871. These files were maintained by the city clerk and served as the council's working papers, the primary documents written by or presented to the council. Its formal minutes were written from them and abstracts from the proceedings were published in politically-designated newspapers. These files thus form the most complete surviving record of the considerations and actions of Chicago's government for the period; no other source offers comparable details of the day-to-day public business of a town which grew into a city and then a metropolis of over 300,000 inhabitants in a little more than thirty-eight years.
There are 35,650 of these files, comprising 157 cubic feet of material. A file can consist of a single scrap of paper or several hundred pages. Each entry in the database represents one file. The following is a sample file title.
The file title can consist of up to 220 characters. The files' titles describe the principal documents in them, but additional papers relating to those documents are often found with them. In the above example, a remonstrance of H. Stevens, et al., against the assessment and a report of the Committee on Local Assessments on that remonstrance were also included in the file.
Care was taken in editing the file titles to preserve their original wording. Exceptions were made for the purposes of clarity and accuracy. Personal names found in the titles were often difficult to decipher; in those cases contemporary city directories were consulted for the assistance they could offer. Abbreviations were used extensively. Uncommon ones used include:
Each file has its own unique control number which is composed of three elements assigned by the nineteenth century clerks who first arranged this record series:
 1. Filing calendar or fiscal year,
 2. Sequential file number, and
 3. Filing month and day.
Level two is subordinate to level one and level three is subordinate to level two. This sample control number explains each of its parts.
The first level is chronological by calendar year for the period August 1833–March 1851; thereafter it is chronological by filing year. To conform to constraints of the database design, calendar filing years repeat the last two digits of the calendar year (ex. 1838/38). Filing fiscal years indicate the beginning and ending calendar years which they comprise (ex. 1861/62). Fiscal years are twelve months periods in which financial accounts are settled. For the period March 1851–December 1871 months comprising fiscal years vary as dictated by the clerks who first arranged this series.
The control number's second level is the sequential file number assigned it. For the period August 1833–March 1851 one sequential file numbering system was used. When Archives staff arranged and described these records it was discovered that clerks improperly assigned numbers to files 6759–6988. Rough chronological order was restored by returning folders to the years for which they were filed. Original file numbers were maintained in these instances and consequently the file number sequence was disrupted for the years 1846–1851. Bold entries in the File Arrangement table indicate disrupted file number sequence. Beginning in March 1851 each fiscal year has its own file number sequence.
Archivists added an alphabetical character to each file number to allow for irregularities in the filing system. This variable character was used for three types of errors. Occasionally at the end of a fiscal year clerks bundled piles of documents which had not been filed or acted upon, labeled them as miscellaneous papers, and assigned those packets file numbers. In these instances artificial files were created by Archives staff using the alphabetical character of the file number. The alphabetical character was also used by archivists when more than one file was assigned the same number within a file number sequence.
Originally files 1–144 were found at the beginning of this series. These files had been numbered arbitrarily because those with dates had no corresponding chronological arrangement and there was no relationship among files. Sixty-eight of these files could be dated and they were interpolated into the chronological listing, again using the alphabetical character of the file number. The remaining seventy-five files could not be dated and they were left at the beginning of the file structure.
The third level of the control number, filing month and day, is chronologically ordered. For control numbers with fiscal year filing dates as the first level, the calendar year of the filing month and day is not always apparent. In these cases the File Arrangement table should be consulted. For example, for the control number 1863/64 0539 A 12/07, December 7 can be linked to the calendar year 1863 by locating the fiscal year in the left-hand column under Filing Calendar or Fiscal Year and then following the entry across to the right-hand column under Filing Period to determine the calendar months comprising the fiscal year.
When filing dates are significantly different from the actual dates of documents in files, file titles add actual document dates as in the following example.
Although the filing structure of these records appears complex, it is clarified by the File Arrangement table.


5 traits of a successful veterinary school graduate - Veterinary Economics
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DVM Veterinary Economics Featuring Information from:
5 traits of a successful veterinary school graduate
Diploma's in hand. Tests are passed. Now see if you've got what it takes to dive into practice.
Veterinary-school seniors, you're done—or almost done. Congratulations. You've learned a lot, and now you're ready to inflict it—er, share it with the world.
But before you do, make sure you've got these five important traits of a successful graduate in addition to all the book learning, natural talent, and practice time. They come from Elaine Stirling's The Corporate Storyteller:
1. Responsibility. When you feel frozen and unsure what to do, remember you're a veterinarian now. Clients, bosses, and team members are counting on you to make decisions—whether it's to ask for help, verify information, or make a difficult choice in the heat of the moment.
2. Curiosity. You've just been stuffed full of more medical information than the human brain can hold, but we bet you're still brimming with curiosity about animal physiology, client psychology, and business terminology—or you should be. Never let go of the curiosity that led you to veterinary school. Losing curiosity, the sense that the world always has something new to teach, leads to mental fatigue, passivity, and distraction.
3. Capacity. You won't know the right answer all the time, but courage will give you the capacity to let wrong answers and "I don't know" keep rolling through until the solution pops up. Don't be defensive; let the creative juices flow.
4. Audacity. You need more than a sense of responsibility to make decisions; you need audacity, a brazen willingness to wade into the messy fray of veterinary practice and provide help to pets, their owners, as well as the other members of your practice team.
5. Authority. You need authority, and not just the kind bestowed on you by veterinary schools, licensing boards, and employers. The word authority is related to the words author and self—you're the author in charge of your destiny. Authority can mean holding yourself accountable for your words and actions. To be truly engaged in a job, a career, a patient, or a client is to be ready to make decisions (remember responsibility above?) and to hold yourself accountable as the authority in making them—good or bad, mistake or success.
And always remember, your colleagues are here for you as you develop into the leaders we all know you are.
Now get out there and have fun.
Click here


text:
Agarwal, Krishna Kant and Ravikrishna, RV (2011) Experimental and Numerical Studies in a Compact Trapped Vortex Combustor: Stability Assessment and Augmentation. In: Combustion Science and Technology, 183 (12). pp. _PHONE_.Full text not available from this repository.
Fundamental studies on a compact trapped vortex combustor indicate that cavity injection strategies play a major role on flame stability. Detailed experiments indicate that blow-out occurs for a certain range of cavity air flow velocities. An unsteady RANS-based reacting flow simulation tool has been utilized to study the basic dynamics of cavity vortex for various flow conditions. The phenomenon of flame blow-out at certain intermediate cavity air velocities is explained on the basis of transition from a cavity-stabilized mode to an opposed flow stagnation mode. A novel strategy is proposed for achieving flame stability at all conditions. This involves using a flow guide vane in the path of the main flow to direct a portion of the main flow into the cavity. This seems to result in a desirable dual vortex structure, i.e., a small clockwise vortex behind the vane and large counterclockwise vortex in the cavity. Experimental results show stable flame at all flow conditions with the flow guide vane, and pressure drop is estimated to be within acceptable limits. Cold flow simulations show self-similar velocity profiles for a range of main inlet velocities, and high reverse velocity ratios (-0.3) are observed. Such a high-velocity ratio in the reverse flow shear layer profile leads to enhanced production of turbulence imperative to compact combustors. Reacting flow simulations show even higher reverse velocity ratios (above -0.7) due to flow acceleration. The flame is observed to be stable, even though minor shear layer oscillations are present in the form of vortex shedding. Self-similarity is also observed in reacting flow temperature profiles at combustor exit over the entire range of the mainstream velocity. This indicates that the present configuration holds a promise of delivering robust performance invariant of the flow operating conditions.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to Taylor and Francis Group.|
|Keywords:||Modified eddy dissipation concept;Trapped vortex combustor; Turbulent reacting flow;Unsteady simulations|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Mechanical Sciences > Mechanical Engineering|
|Date Deposited:||05 Dec 2011 08:22|
|Last Modified:||05 Dec 2011 08:22|
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Sunday, May 24, 2015
Understanding AngularJS Isolated Scope
In Angular, directives can have an isolate scope that creates an inner scope that is separated from the outer scope. There are a variety of options for mapping the outer scope to the inner scope, and this can often be a source of confusion. Recently, I've noticed a ton of up-votes for my answer to the Stackoverlow question: Differences among = & @ in Angular directive scope?
I created a simple jsFiddle to answer the question. The HTML markup looks like this:
 Outer bar: {{bar}}
 Status: {{status}}

The code behind it:
app.controller("myController", function ($scope) {
 $scope.status = 'Ready.';
 $scope.a = 1;
 $scope.b = 2;
 $ = 'This is bar.';
 $scope.update = function (parm1, parm2) {
 $scope.status = parm1 + ": " + parm2;
 }; }); app.directive("myDirective", function () {
 return {
 restrict: 'E',
 scope: {
 foo: '=',
 literal: '@',
 literalBehavior: '_USER_',
 behavior: '&',
 call: '&'
 template: 'Inner bar: {{foo}}' +
 'Inner literal: {{literal}}' +
 'Literal Behavior: {{literalBehavior}}' +
 'Result of behavior(): {{result}}',
 link: function (scope) {
 = + " (modified by directive).";
 scope.result = scope.behavior();
 { val: 99 });
 }; });
With the following result:
To break down what is happening, I offer the following explanation that I hope will help to clarify how isolate scope works. Please note that although for the sake of illustration I'm using $scope, this works equally well with the controller as approach that I recommend.
if your directive looks like this:
Then you have these possibilities for scope:
{ target: '=' }
This will bind (directive) to $ (outer scope). This is because = is for two-way binding and when you don't specify anything, it automatically matches the name on the inner scope to the name of the attribute on the directive. Changes to will update $
{ bar: '=target' }
This will bind to $ This is because again we specify two-way binding, but tell the directive that what is in the attribute "target" should appear on the inner scope as "bar". Changes to will update $
{ target: '@' }
This will set to "foo" because @ means "take it literally." Changes to won't propagate outside of your directive.
{ bar: '_USER_' }
This will set to "foo" because @ takes it's value from the target attribute. Changes to won't propagate outside of your directive.
Now let's talk behaviors. Let's assume your outer scope has this:
$ = function(parm1, parm2) {
 console.log(parm1 + ": " + parm2); }
There are several ways you can access this. If your HTML is:
{ target: '=' }
Will allow you to call,2) from your directive.
Same thing,
{ bar: '=target' }
Allows you to call,2) from your directive.
The more common way is to establish this as a behavior. Technically, ampersand evaluates an expression in the context of the parent. That's important. So I could have:
And if the parent scope has $scope.a = 1 and $scope.b = 2, then on my directive:
{ target: '&' }
I can call and the result will be 3. This is important - the binding is exposed as a function to the inner scope but the directive can bind to an expression.
A more common way to do this is:

Then you can use:
{ target: '&' }
And call from the directive:{ val1: 1, val2: 2 });
This takes the object you passed, maps the properties to parameters in the evaluated expression and then calls the behavior, this case calling $,2);
You could also do this:
This locks in the first parameter to the literal 1, and from the directive:
{ bar: '&target' }
Which would call $,5);
As you can see, scope isolation is a very powerful mechanism. When used correctly it enables you to reuse a directive and protect the parent scope from side effects, while allowing you to pass important attributes and bindings as necessary. Understanding this will be a tremendous benefit for you when authoring custom directives.
As always, your thoughts and feedback are appreciated!
1 comment:


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The Hall of Remembrance
Memory, above all, defines the Hall of Remembrance, the national memorial to victims of the Holocaust. Occupying the interior of the hexagonal structure that overlooks Eisenhower Plaza, the Hall is a solemn, simple space designed for public ceremonies and individual reflection. Epitaphs are set onto the limestone walls that encircle an eternal flame.
Diffused sunlight illuminates the Hall as it passes through the translucent glass of a high, center skylight. The floor is red granite, spattered and cracked by natural fissures. Narrow openings on the side walls let in light and offer partial views of the Washington Monument and the Jefferson Memorial.
Visitors may light memorial candles in the niches of the outer walls — a universal symbol of renewed life and a sign of remembrance in many cultures.
Above: The Hall of Remembrance.
Top right: Rose window in the ceiling of the Hall of Remembrance.
Center right: Design sketch by James Ingo Freed.
Bottom right: Space between inner and outer walls of the Hall of Remembrance.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum


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Focus Areas of Statewide Significance
What are Beginning with Habitat Focus Areas?
Beginning with Habitat (BwH) Focus Areas are natural areas of statewide ecological significance that contain unusually rich concentrations of at-risk species and habitats. These areas, identified by biologists from the Maine Natural Areas Program (MNAP), Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW), Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Maine Audubon, and Maine Coast Heritage Trust (MCHT), support rare plants, animals, and natural communities, high quality common natural communities; significant wildlife habitats; and their intersections with large blocks of undeveloped habitat. BwH Focus Area boundaries are drawn based on the species and natural communities that occur within them and the supporting landscape conditions that contribute to the long-term viability of the species, habitats, and community types.
One or more of the following must be present before an area is considered a Candidate Focus Area (in most cases, two or more are present):
- Globally rare plant or animal
- 3 or more healthy populations of a rare plant species
- Any healthy population of a rare animal species
- Rare natural community
- Excellent example of a common natural community
- Good example of a common natural community and one or more high value wildlife habitats
- Large undeveloped block and at least one of the following: a good example of a common natural community OR high value wildlife habitat OR two or more healthy populations of a rare plant species
To date, collaborative efforts by state, federal, and conservation organization biologists have resulted in the designation of 140 Focus Areas (link to map) of statewide ecological significance. For a list of Beginning with Habitat Focus Areas and to find fact sheets about each area, visit the Focus Area Description website.
Why Designate Focus Areas?
It is hoped that the mapping of a BwH Focus Area will help to build regional awareness, and draw attention to the exceptional natural landscape conditions that result in a convergence of multiple resource occurrences. The resulting appreciation of these truly special places can then provide momentum to municipalities, land trusts, and regional initiatives focused on strategic approaches to conservation.
Are Other Areas Insignificant?
Areas that rise to the level of statewide ecological significance may not occur within the jurisdiction of every land trust or within the boundaries of every town. Strategic conservation planning is important at all levels and can be pursued to identify areas of local or regional significance as well. Although the frame of reference of BwH efforts has been a comprehensive analysis of Maine's organized territories, the criteria used in designating focus areas can be easily adapted to the local or regional perspective. BwH maps such as Map 2 (High Value Plant and Animal Habitats) and Map 3 (Undeveloped Habitat Blocks) offer a good starting point to identify unique locations rich in significant habitat feature convergence that can then be designated as local focus areas that serve as a starting point for developing your town's or land trusts conservation blueprint.
Strategies for Local Action:
- Incorporate Focus Areas into long-term plans for conservation. Towns and land trusts can work together on comprehensive and open space plans and capitalize on opportunities where goals coincide
- Identify property owners whose lands host significant natural features and investigate conservation options ranging from voluntary actions to fee purchase
- Become familiar with the rare plants, animals, and habitats and learn better how to manage them for long-term preservation
- Educate landowners and the general public about significant natural areas and create support for local conservation initiatives
- Cooperate with neighboring landowners and jurisdictions
- Incorporate Focus Areas in grant applications
- Work with state agencies to garner support for projects


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To read weight on a balance scale, slide the sliders on the number bar to the far left and then step on the scale. Balance weight evenly on both feet. Slide the first slider to the right on the bar with numbered increments of five until the bar balances evenly.Continue Reading
If the bar does not balance, move to the second bar with numbered increments of 50 to the right. When the bar is balanced, both ends of the bar are parallel to the floor with neither side dipping down. If you find a segment that is nearly balanced, but the bar doesn't stay parallel, slide the top bar to the right again until it balances. Add the numbers from the two bars together. For example, when the larger slider is pointing to 150 and the smaller slider is pointing to 10, the correct weight is 160 pounds.
To measure height, turn your back to the measuring rod on the back of the scale and ensure that both feet are flat. Pull the silver sliding rod up and rest the perpendicular arm on the top of the head. Hold the rod in place and step off of the scale. Check the bottom of the measuring rod for your height in inches. Divide that number by 12 to get the proper height in feet and inches; for example, if the chart reads 64 inches, the correct height is 5 foot 4 inches.Learn more about Fitness & Exercise


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Hummus with olive oil
|Place of origin||Egypt, Levant|
|Main ingredient(s)||Chickpeas, tahini|
Hummus (Arabic: حُمُّص) is a Middle Eastern and Arabic food dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic. Today, it is popular throughout the Middle East, Turkey, North Africa, Morocco, and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.
Hummus is an Arabic word (حمّص ḥummuṣ) meaning "chickpeas," and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is حمّص بطحينة ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna, which means "chickpeas with tahini". Spellings of the word in English can be inconsistent. "Houmous" is the standard spelling in British English. Among other spellings are hummus, hummous, hommos, humos, hommus and hoummos.
Many cuisine-related sources describe hummus as an ancient food, or connect it to famous historical figures such as Saladin. Indeed, its basic ingredients—chickpeas, sesame, lemon, and garlic—have been eaten in the region for millennia.
But in fact, there is no specific evidence for this purported ancient history of hummus bi tahini. Though chickpeas were widely eaten in the region, and they were often cooked in stews and other hot dishes, puréed chickpeas eaten cold with tahini do not appear before the Abbasid period in Egypt and the Levant.
The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to hummus bi tahini are recorded in cookbooks published in Cairo in the 13th century. A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the Kitāb al-Wusla ilā l-habīb fī wasf al-tayyibāt wa-l-tīb; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called hummus kasa appears in the Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada: it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic. It is also served by rolling it out and letting it sit overnight, which presumably gives it a very different texture from hummus bi tahini.
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)|
|Energy||695 kJ (166 kcal)|
|Percentages are relative to
US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Hummus is high in iron and vitamin C and also has significant amounts of folate and vitamin B6. The chickpeas are a good source of protein and dietary fiber; the tahini consists mostly of sesame seeds, which are an excellent source of the amino acid methionine, complementing the proteins in the chickpeas. Depending on the recipe, hummus carries varying amounts of monounsaturated fat. Hummus is useful in vegetarian and vegan diets; like other combinations of grains and pulses, it serves as a complete protein when eaten with bread.
As an appetizer and dip, hummus is scooped with flatbread, such as pita. It is also served as part of a meze or as an accompaniment to falafel, grilled chicken, fish or eggplant. Garnishes include chopped tomato, cucumber, coriander, parsley, caramelized onions, sautéed mushrooms, whole chickpeas, olive oil, hard-boiled eggs, paprika, sumac, ful, olives, pickles and pine nuts (as photographed in the "History" section). Outside the Middle East, it is sometimes served with tortilla chips or crackers.
In Vegetarian Dishes from the Middle East, Arto der Haroutunian calls hummus, "One of the most popular and best-known of all Syrian dishes" and a "must on any mezzeh table." Syrians in Canada's Arab diaspora prepare and consume hummus along with other dishes like falafel, kibbe and tabouleh, even among the third and fourth-generation offspring of the original immigrants.
Hummus is a common part of everyday meals in Israel. A significant reason for the popularity of hummus in Israel is the fact that it is made from ingredients that, following Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws), can be combined with both meat and dairy meals. Few other foods can be combined with a wide variety of meals consistently with the dietary laws. It is seen as almost equally popular amongst Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. As a result of its popularity, Israelis elevated hummus to become a "national food symbol" and consume more than twice as much hummus as neighbouring Arab countries, according to figures by Tsabar Salads, a hummus manufacturer in Israel. Commenting on its popularity, Gil Hovav, an Israeli food editor interviewed on the BBC program Cooking in the Danger Zone, stated that "even during the intifada years Jews would sneak [...] into the Muslim quarter just to have a vital, really genuine good humous [sic]," and noted that like many dishes considered to be Israeli national foods, hummus is actually Arab. However, he also said, commenting on Iraqi, Egyptian, Syrian or Yemeni food in Israel, that "Jews came from these countries to Israel and they brought their food with them". Many restaurants run by Mizrahi Jews and Arab citizens of Israel are dedicated to hot hummus, which may be served as chick peas softened with baking soda along with garlic, olive oil, cumin and tahini. One of the fancier hummus versions available is hummus masabacha, made with lemon-spiked tahini garnished with whole chick peas, a sprinkling of paprika and a drizzle of olive oil. Hummus is sold in restaurants, supermarkets and hummus-only shops (known in Hebrew as humusiot).
For Palestinians, hummus has long been a staple food, often served warm, with bread, for breakfast, lunch or dinner. All of the ingredients in hummus are easily found in Palestinian gardens, farms and markets, thus adding to the availability and popularity of the dish. In Palestinian areas, hummus is usually garnished, with olive oil, "nana" mint leaves, paprika, parsley or cumin. A related dish popular in the region of Palestine and Jordan is laban ma' hummus ("yogurt and chickpeas"), which uses yogurt in the place of tahini and butter in the place of olive oil and is topped with pieces of toasted bread.
By the end of the 20th century, hummus had emerged as part of the American culinary fabric. In 2008, more than fifteen million Americans consumed hummus on a regular basis. Hummus became a popular staple in American restaurants with the Armenian migration from Lebanon to Southern California and the East Coast after the Lebanese Civil War (_PHONE_). It was further popularized in the United States by Jews returning from visits in Israel and by Israeli expatriates.
According to a 2010 market research, hummus consumption in the United States has increased by 35% over a period of 21 months, with sales reaching nearly $300 million. In 2006, hummus was present in 12% of American households, rising to 17% by early 2009. One commentator attributed the growth of Hummus to America's embrace of ethnic foods, and to experimentation with exotic foods.
In November 2009, Gadi Lesin, President & CEO of the Israeli Strauss group food manufacturer said that market share of co-owned Sabra Dipping Company in the USA makes it the largest packaged hummus dip manufacturer in the world.
In October 2008, the Association of Lebanese Industrialists petitioned to the Lebanese Ministry of Economy and Trade to request protected status from the European Commission for hummus as a uniquely Lebanese food, similar to the Protected Geographical Status rights held over regional food items by various European Union countries.
Fadi Abboud, president of the Lebanese Industrialists Association, stated that "Israelis have usurped several Lebanese and oriental products". According to Abboud, Lebanon exported the first hummus dish in 1959.
As a response, food critic Janna Gur wrote: "The success of certain brands of Israeli hummus abroad may have been what brought about Abboud's anger", leading him to claim that Israel has been "stealing" their country's national dishes, like hummus, falafel, tabbouleh, and baba ghanouj.
Also in response to Abboud's statement, Shooky Galili, an Israeli journalist specialising in food and who writes a blog dedicated to hummus, said that "trying to make a copyright claim over hummus is like claiming for the rights to bread or wine. [...] Hummus is a centuries old Arab dish — nobody owns it, it belongs to the region".
As of late 2009, the Lebanese Industrialists Association was still "preparing documents and proof" to support its claim.
In May 2010, the Guinness World Record for the largest dish of hummus in the world returned to Lebanon. The winning dish, cooked by 300 cooks in the village of al-Fanar, near Beirut, weighed approximately 10450 kg (roughly 23000 lb), more than double the previous record set by 50 Israeli Arabs and Jews who cooked approximately


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I have a postgresql database that will hold about 50 tables, each of them having about 15 fields, it would have at least 300.000 rows on each table.
In order to track the changes done on each field I am thinking on create a table defined by:
CREATE TABLE fieldhistory(tableid int, fieldid int, id bigint,value hstore); CREATE INDEX fieldhistory_index ON fieldhistory(tableid, fieldid, id);
I would expect the table to grow and grow, and retrieve from
fieldhistory data only by
When the tables are modified I would add a new record with something like:
SELECT upserthistory(1,1,1,'first update','115435','3'); SELECT upserthistory(1,1,1,'second update','115435','3');
upserthistory is defined by :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION upserthistory(key1 INT, key2 INT, key3 BIGINT, data TEXT, theuser TEXT, whend TEXT) RETURNS VOID AS $$ BEGIN LOOP -- first try to update the key UPDATE fieldhistory SET value = value || ((whend||'.'||theuser) => data) WHERE tableid = key1 AND fieldid = key2 AND id = key3; IF found THEN RETURN; END IF; -- not there, so try to insert the key -- if someone else inserts the same key concurrently, -- we could get a unique-key failure BEGIN INSERT INTO fieldhistory(tableid,fieldid,id,value) VALUES (key1, key2, key3, hstore(array[whend||'.'||theuser,data]) ); RETURN; EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN -- Do nothing, and loop to try the UPDATE again. END; END LOOP; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Are there better approaches to accomplish this? the table would grow max to 225 millions of rows, or would it be better to have 50 tables of 4.5 millions of rows at max each? noting that the actual trace of each field will go to the hstore.


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The E3 Renewable Energy Capacity Planning model (RECAP) assesses generation resource adequacy for a power system based on loss-of-load probability analysis. We developed RECAP in 2011 to meet system reliability planning needs under high renewable penetration, and have used it to help many utilities in a variety of situations. It is a publicly available tool.
- We applied RECAP to calculate reliability metrics such as loss-of-load probability, loss-of-load expectation, expected unserved energy, and effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) on behalf of both the California ISO and the Western Electric Coordinating Council to support their reliability assurance missions.
- For Oregon's Portland General Electric (PGE), a utility with 3,600 MW peak demand, we calculated a planning reserve margin (PRM) that meets a 1-day-in-10-year generation reliability standard. We used the 15.3 percent PRM to determine capacity needs in PGE's 2016 integrated resource plan. E3 also determined the effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) for PGE's existing fleet of wind resources and for combinations of new wind and solar resources under consideration.
- We used RECAP to calculate the ELCC of new and existing renewable resources as well as demand response programs for the Sacramento Municipal Utilities District. The results of our studies are used in the district's integrated resource planning process to help estimate the need for new capacity resources.


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Researchers say three of Switzerland's most iconic animal species spend more time at higher elevations each autumn than they did in the past due to climate warming.This content was published on July 1, 2017 - 15:00
An international research team led by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) studied data for the Swiss ibex, goat-like chamois, and red deer from 1991 to 2013.
They found the animals lived an average of 135, 90 and 80 metres higher, respectively, than previously recorded.
The data published in the journal Ecosphere in April came from the canton of Graubünden's Hunting and Fishing Authority, which kept records for 230,000 locations where the species were hunted.
The researchers concluded the animals took to higher elevations because of rising temperatures. In the past two decades, average temperatures in the prime hunting months of September and October rose 1.3°C in Graubünden.
It's normal for animal behaviour to vary from year to year, because of hunters, weather or climate. Dry, warmer winters make it easier on the animals, even at higher elevations.
Until now, scientists found mostly reptiles and insects shifting to higher, cooler habitats in response to climate change.
"This data set is unique and shows that even large, warm-blooded species react to rising ambient temperatures", said study co-author Kurt Bollmann of WSL's Conservation Biology research group in a statement on Thursday.
While these data suggest that the ibex, chamois and red deer are responding behaviourally in reaction to climate change in Switzerland, it's not yet known what the long-term consequences of such a trend might be in terms of populations.
However, as study co-author Hannes Jenny of Graubünden's Hunting and Fishing Authority pointed out in a statement: "Consistent, precise and continuous documentation of kill sites is an important and valuable basis for future research on the impact of climate change on large game species".
This article was automatically imported from our old content management system. If you see any display errors, please let us know: _EMAIL_


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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic utility of lung perfused blood volume (LPBV) images generated by dual-energy computed tomography (CT), as compared with pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy, for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Methods: Patients (n = 51) with chronic pulmonary thromboembolic embolism were examined by dual-source CT in dual-energy mode. Lung perfused blood volume images were generated by analysis of the iodine content of the lung parenchyma using dual-energy data. Pulmonary perfusion defects were evaluated on a segment-by-segment basis in images obtained by both LPBV and pulmonary scintigraphy. Findings suggestive of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in CT pulmonary angiography were analyzed.
Results: All examinations were acquired without complications, and the contrast enhancement of the pulmonary artery was sufficient for diagnosis of vascular thromboses. In the LPBV images, in 76 (8.3%) of 918 segments, it was difficult to assess perfusion because of artifacts. The agreement between the 2 modalities was good (κ = 0.70). The sensitivity of LPBV in detecting perfusion defects was 96%; the specificity was 76%; the positive predictive value was 94%, and the negative predictive value was 29%.
Conclusions: Lung perfused blood volume imaging by dual-energy CT is feasible for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion and is comparable to pulmonary scintigraphy. It is possible to evaluate vessels and pulmonary perfusion with CT pulmonary angiography and LPBV images and to assess pulmonary perfusion more definitively in diagnosing chronic pulmonary thromboembolic embolism.
From the *Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; †Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka; ‡Department of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata; and §Research and Collaboration, Siemens Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
Received for publication April 5, 2011; accepted May 17, 2011.
Reprints: Tetsuro Nakazawa, MD, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita city, Osaka _PHONE_, Japan (e-mail: _EMAIL_).
The authors report no conflicts of interest.


Workaround for AWS IAM SSL certificate upload error for StartSSL cert
Posted on 2015-01-07
Amazon (AWS) CloudFront now supports using a custom SSL certificate so you can use your own domain name for HTTPS requests instead of having to use the Setup via the CloudFront console is easy: just pick the appropriate key from the list of keys you have uploaded to AWS IAM.
However, the IAM web console has no way to upload the key. You have to use the AWS CLI. Not hard, just a lot of parameters.
The command line blows up with a cryptic error:
A client error (EntityAlreadyExists) occurred when calling the UploadServerCertificate operation: The Server Certificate with name already exists.
Run it through openssl:
openssl rsa -in example.key -text >
Then delete everything up to the line -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- and save as example-aws.key
Step-by-Step Example
Generate a key and certificate request.
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -sha256 -keyout example.key -out example.csr
You should now have two files: example.key and example.csr.
Upload to StartSSL and go through their certificates wizard. Save the result as example.crt
Transform the result to a format acceptable to AWS:
openssl rsa -in example.key -text >
Strip out everything from the except the RSA key. The following is a sed command line that will do it for you, but any text editor will work.
sed '/-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----/,$!d' >
Make the certificate chain. Download the appropriate intermediate and root certificates and merge them (just with each other, not with your new cert):
cat ca.pem >chain.crt
Upload to AWS IAM
aws iam upload-server-certificate --path /cloudfront/example/ --server-certificate-name example --certificate-body file://example.crt --private-key file:// --certificate-chain file://chain.crt
Extracted from a long thread in the AWS support forum.
Tags: aws ssl certificate aws-iam https StartSSL openssl


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Background: Significant interest exists in establishing radiologic imaging as a valid biomarker for assessing the response of cancer to a variety of treatments. To address this problem, we have chosen to study patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to learn whether statistical learning theory can improve the performance of radiologists using CT in predicting patient treatment response to therapy compared with the more traditional RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) standard.Results: Predictions of survival after 8 months in 38 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique improved 30% when using additional information compared to WHO (World Health Organization) or RECIST measurements alone. With both Logistic Regression (LR) and SVM, there was no significant difference in performance between WHO and RECIST. The SVM and LR techniques also demonstrated that one radiologist consistently outperformed another.Conclusions: This preliminary research study has demonstrated that SLT algorithms, properly used in a clinical setting, have the potential to address questions and criticisms associated with both RECIST and WHO scoring methods. We also propose that tumor heterogeneity, shape, etc. obtained from CT and/or MRI scans be added to the SLT feature vector for processing.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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ALEXANDROV, A.S., 1999. Vortex in the charged Bose liquid. Physical Review B, 60(21), pp 14573–14576
Equations describing a single vortex in the charged Bose liquid at zero temperature are derived. The zero-temperature coherence length, magnetic-field penetration depth, vortex structure and energy, and lower critical field are calculated. The vortex differs from that in type-II BCS superconductors or in neutral superfluids. Its core is charged, and there is an electric field inside the core.


peoplepill id: hunfrid-margrave-of-istria
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Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria
Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria
Margrave of Istria
Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria
The basics
Quick Facts
Intro Margrave of Istria
Is Noble Military leader
Type Military Royals
Gender male
The details (from wikipedia)
Hunfrid (I) was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to c. 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings.
Hunfrid first appears in Istria as marchio in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died.
He was an Aleman and a count in (or of) Rhaetia, in 806 and 808. Based on his presence in a list of personages in the libri memoriales of Reichenau and Sankt Gallen, he is presumed to have married Hitta (Hidda), an Udalriching and probably the niece or granddaughter of Gerold of Vinzgouw and thus a cousin or niece of Hunfrid's predecessor in Italy, Eric. Based on the same memorial books, he is probably the father of Adalbert, his successor in Rhaetia, Odalric, who became Count of Barcelona in another part of the Empire, and Hunfrid II, who became dux super Redicam (duke over Rhaetia) and father of the later Hunfriding Dukes of Swabia.
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Symmetric decompositions of cost variation
European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 285 p. 1189- 1198
In this paper a number of symmetric, empirically implementable decompositions of the cost variation (in difference and ratio form) of a production unit are developed. The components distinguished are price level change, technical efficiency change, allocative efficiency change, technological change, scale of activity change, and price structure change. Given data from a (balanced) panel of production units, all the necessary ingredients for the computation of the various decompositions can be obtained by using linear programming techniques (DEA). An application is provided.
|Cost variation, Decomposition, Efficiency change, Productivity and competitiveness, Technological change|
|European Journal of Operational Research|
|Organisation||Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), Erasmus University|
Balk, B.M, & Zofio Prieto, J.L. (2020). Symmetric decompositions of cost variation. European Journal of Operational Research, 285, 1189–1198. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2020.02.034