Property Rights: My Neighbor is a Nuisance
The actions of my neighbour are interfering with my enjoyment of my property. What are the general principals applying to the doctrine of nuisance?
Source: Findlaw
This article has been written for Americans but applies equally to South Africans.
In the early days of this country, land was abundant and neighbors were distant. As the population began to grow and urban areas increased, the courts were called upon to resolve property disputes. One of the very first judge-made doctrines applied to property disputes in the United States, the law of nuisance, was inherited fromEngland. This doctrine still finds its way into property disputes today. At the risk of oversimplification, this doctrine is generally raised when a neighboring property owner is acting in a manner that can be described as a nuisance.
The Law of Nuisance
Lawsuits invoking the law of nuisance typically involve neighbors suing their neighbors or a public official suing a property owner for the benefit of the general public. By bringing suit, the plaintiff (the originator of the lawsuit) usually seeks to control or limit the use of the land owned by the defendant (the person being sued or, in other words, the person asked to "defend"). The plaintiff is basically saying to the defendant, "Your action is interfering with my enjoyment of my property; therefore, you must stop acting in that manner."
There are two basic types of nuisance suits. These are private and public nuisance actions. A private nuisance means there has been a loss of the use or enjoyment of property without an actual physical invasion of that property. An action for a physical invasion of property is known as a trespass action. An example of a private nuisance would be where an individual failed to keep his dog kennel clean, causing the next-door-neighbors to experience unpleasant odors when they left their windows open and also prevented them from spending time in their backyard.
A public nuisance is one that has more far reaching effects. It has the ability to affect the health, safety, welfare, or comfort of the public in general. Examples of a public nuisance would be a factory that emitted bad odors or a racetrack that produced loud noise. Nuisances can often be both public and private. For instance, the lights from a baseball field may shine directly into the home of a neighboring property owner, causing a private nuisance. At the same time, the baseball field might cause excessive noise and brighten up the rest of the neighborhood, requiring the homeowners to keep their windows and drapes shut on summer evenings. This would constitute a public nuisance.
No matter what the type of nuisance, to be subject to injunctive relief, the interference with the property must be substantial and continuous. In the above example, an occasional failure to clean out the kennels in a timely manner probably will not be sufficient to require injunctive relief. Relief that is injunctive in nature generally requires the defendant to take some specific actions to minimize the negative effect of its operations on the plaintiff, from limiting the hours of the action to placing an all out prohibition on the negative action. In constructing its relief, however, most courts will attempt to balance the relative hardships to both of the parties involved in the action. Especially where an ongoing business, as opposed to an individual, is the defendant in the action, the court will try to minimize the economic impact on the business.
In deciding nuisance disputes, several factors influence courts. First, courts will look at the location in which the alleged nuisance is occurring and any applicable zoning restrictions that may apply to that area. For instance, a court may be less likely to place restrictions on a livestock feedlot located in a rural area than on one located at the edge of urban sprawl. On the other hand, no matter how rural, if the feedlot is located in a "residential" zone, a court may be more likely to allow injunctive or other relief. At the same time, the fact that an activity is located in area that is zoned for that type of operation does not mean that it cannot be found to constitute a nuisance. For example, an area may be zoned to allow a mixture of residential and commercial building, and, a court might still find that an "all night" gas station creates a nuisance for the residential property owners in the area.
There are some other points to consider if you are thinking about bringing a nuisance action. First, a mere fear of future injury will not merit injunctive relief. Further, usually pure aesthetic considerations, such as the "look" of a funeral home in a residential area, will not rise to the level of a nuisance. Finally, where a person specifically purchases property knowing that a given operation is located nearby, the "moving to the nuisance" doctrine will usually prohibit injunctive relief. In this manner, if a person moves into a house located next to a baseball field, this doctrine may prohibit the person from seeking relief from the bright lights and noise.
It is not pleasant to be on either side of a nuisance suit. Unpleasant disputes between neighboring property owners can turn into even more unpleasant and emotionally draining lawsuits. Above all else, our country seems to value the right of people to the peaceful, uninterrupted enjoyment of their property. An attorney experienced in property disputes can help ease the strain of such disputes and either help you negotiate a workable solution with your neighbors or make sure that your rights are adequately protected in any lawsuits that might arise.
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The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg (HWK) is a non-profit foundation, incorporated under German civil law by the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Bremen and by the City of Delmenhorst. It is located in the Northwest of Germany, close to the city of Bremen. Its primary goal is to support and to inspire excellent and innovative research across disciplinary borders. It offers junior and senior scholars of all ages and nationalities the opportunity to concentrate on research projects without the distraction of routine commitments and to gain insights from other disciplines and other scientific traditions. Fellows have the opportunity to cooperate with colleagues at neighboring universities (i.e. Bremen and Oldenburg) and research institutes in the region. This allows HWK to offer laboratory space for scientists from the natural sciences. Weekly fellow lectures followed by dinner, between 70 and 100 conferences and workshops per year that cover all HWK research areas and lots of informal meetings and events create a lively intellectual environment.
Scientific Priorities
HWK concentrates on four broad research fields:Brain, earth, energy, society. Dedicated to interdisciplinary dialogue HWK promotes projects that seek to explore interrelations between its four research fields.
HWK encourages projects that explore interdisciplinary research questions. Within these areas any excellent application is most welcome. There is no advance exclusion of any specific scientific discipline.
In addition, HWK hosts an art program the strengthens dialogue between humanities, science, and the arts, literature included.
Premises and Facilities
21 fully-furnished and comfortable apartments for singles, couples and families are provided for the Fellows. The lobby, the lounge, a lecture hall, a fireplace and fitness facilities offer space for academic, cultural and social activities.
Language classes and extracurricular activities for Fellows and their families help to ease integration. Fellows have their own library with direct access to the university libraries; free interlibrary loan service is also available. Several cars and public transport tickets ensure convenient access to the regional universities and research institutes.
Lehmkuhlenbusch 4
27753 Delmenhorst
link+49 4221 9160-100


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This MR adds:
- The symmetric and reflexive/transitive/symmetric closure of a relation
- Different notions of confluence: diamond property, confluence, local confluence (following the naming conventions in _URL_
- Standard properties such as diamond ⊢ confluence ⊢ local confluence, the Church-Rosser property, Newman's lemma
As part of this MR, I removed the hint database
ars. The name made no sense and it was not used anywhere to my knowledge. If it was used anywhere, it would be very unreliable as it contained hints like
rtc_trans that would generally lead to loops.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Kid's Box is a brand new, six-level course for young learners, brimming with stimulating sections designed for Spanish speakers. Bursting with bright ideas to inspire both teachers and students, Kid's Box gives children a confident start to learning English. It also fully covers the syllabus for the Cambridge Young Learners English (YLE) tests. The Pupil's Book presents and practises new language through amusing stories and fantastic songs and activities, making the learning process a joy. The Spanish edition caters for the needs of the Spanish learner with new material: extra pronunciation activities, festival pages, social awareness topics as well as extra spelling, vocabulary and grammar practice for Spanish speakers. Level 5 begins the Flyers cycle.


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with the new source, we'd simply select the second frame. FotoMorph lets us select a rate of 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 frames per second for durations at increments of 1/4 second up to 60 seconds; and if we select 25 frames per second for 1/4 second, we get a six-frame export (it should technically be 6.25 frames, but in practice the software appears to treat it as exactly six). So here are our six frames, with fractions showing what proportion of each frame represents the new source:
So those are the latest techniques I've hit upon for face averaging. In this post, I've focused on explaining and illustrating the techniques themselves without worrying too much about the value of my subject matter. Once I've had a chance to export more of the individual warped source images from my existing FaceMixer projects, however, I hope to be able to share some more interesting results.
Addendum: As I mentioned above, I'm not optimistic about any improvements being made to the FaceMixer software itself, but just in case, here's a list of recommended changes and new functionalities I'd recommend:
- Provide an option for saving prepared faces in the Face Library bundled together with copies of their source images, so that deleting or moving the source images from their original locations won't affect these.
- Let users select and add multiple faces from the Face Library to a project all at once, rather than only one at a time; or ideally to merge multiple projects.
- Offer a choice between Mean and Median Averages.
- Include a provision for aligning all the faces in a project to one or more preset Templates, rather than to Shapes calculated based on the faces in a given project at particular percentages; and allow the user to save the current Shape setting of a project as a new preset Template, or to average multiple Templates into a new Template.
- Enable the user to export multiple averages based on Templates representing successive angles for animations "panning" from side to side or pairs of horizontally separated angles for stereoviews.
- On the Edit Dot screen, provide a dynamic display of the result as warped to a preset Template, so that the user can see how each adjustment affects the output. Also allow the user to "lock" warp points once they're correctly placed so that moving other warp points won't cause them to shift.
- Fix the problems that cause larger data sets (e.g., 250+ moderately sized face images) to crash the program, and that cause complex combinations of Shape and Feature percentage settings intermittently to generate blank frames.
- Allow the user to vary the canvas size surrounding the facial features (e.g., the size of the square relative to the face on the "Edit Face" screen) rather than invariably cropping to a set distance from them.
- If the face-selection square on the "Edit Face" screen extends beyond the borders of a source image, fill the missing area with something other than black, such as transparency or a fill of the average color of the whole image.
- Allow users to create custom warp point grids for subjects other than faces.


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In this quick tutorial you'll learn how to draw a Dingo in 8 easy steps - great for kids and novice artists.
The images above represents how your finished drawing is going to look and the steps involved.
Below are the individual steps - you can click on each one for a High Resolution printable PDF version.
At the bottom you can read some interesting facts about the Dingo.
Make sure you also check out any of the hundreds of drawing tutorials grouped by category.
How to Draw a Dingo - Step-by-Step Tutorial
Step 1: Draw the head by making a narrow heart-shape and then adding a gap on the right side, bumps for a nose and mouth, and a straight line in between the ears.
Step 2: Add lines to define the ears, tiny ovals for the eyes, and a circle with dots for the nose. For the mouth, add a line for the top of the mouth and then have a half-oval come down for the tongue.
Step 3: Draw the body with a diagonal line for the neck and a mostly horizontal line on top for the back.
Step 4: Draw the front leg by making two lines that meet by the foot facing left. Add lines for toes.
Step 5: Draw the bottom half of the body, curving upward before drawing the hind leg with the foot pointed directly downward.
Step 6: Draw the other front leg a lot like the first front leg, except that the foot should be facing to the right to make the Dingo look like its walking.
Step 7: Draw the other hind leg where the large upward curve is in the bottom of the body, and have it face the same way as the front forward leg.
Step 8: Draw the tail by continuing off the back and closing the gap, ending in a point. Your Dingo is now done!
Interesting Facts about Dingoes
Dingoes are wild dogs. Scientists believe that they are descendants of domesticated dogs that were brought to Australia at least 5000 years ago. Dingoes are no longer kept as pets. They live all over Australia, except on the island state of Tasmania.
Did you know?
- Dingoes live for about 7 to 15 years.
- Dingoes, on average, weigh between 28 and 45 pounds. The average height of dingoes is 19 to 23 inches.
- Dingoes do not bark – they howl.
- Dingoes eat plants, fruits, reptiles, birds, and a variety of mammals.
- Dingoes dwell in forests, grasslands, and the outskirts of desert habitats.
- Dingoes live in groups called packs. On average, there are 10 dingoes in a pack.
- Depending on the part of Australia in which they live, some dingoes are active at night while others are active during the day.
- Dingo fur comes in a wide range of colors: tan, grey, red, yellow, brown, and black.
Dingoes are the largest land animals in Australia. Therefore, they do not have any natural predators, except for crocodiles. Humans are the biggest threat to their survival. Dingoes are considered vulnerable to extinction because of deforestation caused by humans. Deforestation is when people remove massive amounts of forest area to build roads, buildings, and other structures.


Modelling airborne grass pollen over Australia (#36)
Jeremy D Silver 1, Tony Bannister 2, Paul J Beggs 3, Janet M Davies 4 5, Elizabeth E Ebert 2, Kathryn M Emmerson 6, Bruce J Graham 7, Simon G Haberle 8, Alfredo R Huete 9, Connie H Katelaris 10, Fay H Johnston 11, Penelope J Jones 11, Edwin R Lampugnani 1, Edward J Newbigin 1, Grant J Williamson 11
 1. University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
 2. Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands, VIC, Australia
 3. Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
 4. Metro North Hospital and Health Service, HERSTON, QLD, Australia
 5. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
 6. CSIRO, Aspendale, VIC, Australia
 7. Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
 8. Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
 9. University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
 10. University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
 11. University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Airborne grass pollen is a major outdoor aeroallergen, triggering conditions such as hayfever, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma in many people. By international comparisons, Australia has a high rate of allergic illness, and most if not all of this burden of allergy is preventable with appropriate treatment. Grass pollen is also understood to be an ingredient in episodes of 'thunderstorm asthma' (a sudden surge in community-level asthma during or immediately after a thunderstorm) in Australia. In response to the major thunderstorm asthma incident in Melbourne in 2016, a warning service has been developed by a consortium of Federal and State government agencies and Australian universities. Part of the thunderstorm asthma forecasting service is a model for airborne grass pollen concentrations across Victoria. The grass pollen modelling method has thus far shown reasonable skill in Victoria, however by its nature it will not generalise across Australia.
In this work, we will present the progress towards generalising the methodology used for the Victorian case to the whole of Australia. Factors considered include current and recent surface weather, remotely-sensed vegetation indices, and maps of the distributions of major grass taxa. The work is built on grass pollen data collected in five Australian States and Territories, and across a wide range of climates and ecotypes.


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Definition of Smokeless tobacco
Smokeless tobacco: Tobacco that is not smoked but used in another form such as chewing tobacco or snuff. Cancers of the oral cavity (mouth, lip, tongue) have been associated with the use of chewing tobacco as well as snuff. The tumors often arise at the site of placement of the tobacco.
Smokeless tobacco was formally classified as a "known human carcinogen" by the US government in 2000. See also: Tobacco.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
Get tips, treatments, & motivation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The first Text for the New Year is this complete lesson plan on the latin word root bell-. It means war. Here is the context clues worksheet on the noun conflict with which I begin this lesson. Finally, this vocabulary-building worksheet on this root is the mainstay of this lesson.
If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.


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David Lucas was a mezzotint engraver. The eldest of seven children, he was born in 1802 to Charles Lucas, a farmer and his wife, Sarah. Lucas was a pupil of S. W. Reynolds who was also a mezzotint-engraver.
David Lucas Biography
Lucas was born in Geddington Chase, Northamptonshire, and he became a pupil of Samuel William Reynolds after the chance encounter in 1820.
David Lucas moved to London as an apprentice and had produced his work by 1827.
David Lucas Life and His Work
In 1829, David Lucas moved to London to work as an apprentice and produced his own work by 1827.
Lucas was the protege of John Constable who was a reputed artist in the field. Constable had collaborated with Lucas numerous nubs of tamest illustrate 'chiaroscuro of nature'.
Facts About David Lucas
Lucas' meeting with Constable happened when the former presented two samples of mezzotint engraving to the latter, who was so impressed that he took him on as an assistant for Constable's book.
By 1829 Lucas knew John Constable, and he worked intensively on engravings for Constable's Various Subjects such as Landscape, the Characteristic of English Scenery from 1830 to 1832. After the Constable died in 1837, he continued to produce works for the family
The Proposed Appendix to English Landscape Scenery issued by Moon prints in 1838, was also an example of a single published.
Same as Lucas's 'Large Single Prints' and it prints from Lucas's New Series of Engravings, illustrative of English Landscape, from the Pictures of John Constable published in 1846
David Lucas Books
The book was is Constable's Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery for which Lucas worked from 1830 to 1832.
After Constable's death, Lucas continued to produce engravings and artwork for the family. He died in 1881 in a workhouse in Fulham.


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Date of Award
Master of Public Health
Field of Study
School of Public Health
An estimated 33 million people have been displaced by complex humanitarian emergencies. The most pressing issues of refugees include HIV/AIDS awareness, sexually transmitted diseases, gender issues, human rights, conflict resolution, and repatriation. Primary tasks of humanitarian agencies include health maintenance, nutritional support, community development, and training of health workers. Tools used to promote health and education in the refugee camps include film screening/videotape, pamphlet, posters, self-instructional manual, and group sessions. These strategies address most of the critical health and social issues when a dynamic and community-based approach are used and takes into consideration the cultural norms of the community. These strategies are used to promote health, alleviate psychological trauma, and promote interventions and community responses that allow members of the refugee community to improve health.
"Literature Review of Effective Health Promotion and Education Strategies Used to Promote Health in the Refugee Community" Fort Worth, Tx: University of North Texas Health Science Center;


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The combustion chamber of the engine was manufactured using the technology of layer-by-layer powder synthesis. It involves applying a powder alloy using a special 3D-printer with subsequent laser treatment. The tests were carried out in a wind tunnel for 20 days, which is a kind of record and is associated with the special operating conditions of the unique engine.
The tests in Langley confirmed the calculations of Orbital specialists regarding the design of the combustion chamber manufactured using 3D printing. Vice President and general manager of the company Pat Nolan said with optimism:
"This successful test motivates our engineers to create new systems, to use innovations to reduce costs and improve production efficiency."


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REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
Table of criteria: Everyday Depictions in a Sexualizing Context
Sexualized Everyday Depictions of Children
Quelle: I-KIZ-Zentrum für Kinderschutz im Internet
Unproblematic everyday depictions of children are often appropriated on the Internet and misused for sexual purposes. In order to shed light on the phenomenon, the competence centre at jugendschutz.net researched high-traffic Internet services and those which are relevant to the child abuse scene, in particular social networks, forums, blogs and websites.
Increasing opportunities for interaction on the Internet facilitate the transposition of everyday depictions to a sexual context. This can take place in many ways, in particular by the use of service-specific functions and structures. Linking up depictions with sexualized elements enables the perception of a child as a sexual object.
In order to identify typical elements that lead to the sexualisation of everyday depictions, the competence centre analysed around 400 sources and developed a grid that systematically records their characteristics. This is intended to simplify categorization and assist with assessment of the potential sexualisation of everyday depictions.
Direct download (pdf, 0.641 MB)


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While ethnic studies courses have received negative attention in recent years in places such as Arizona, where a Mexican American studies course was banned in 2010, a new study on these classes has come out with a significant finding: they can help improve struggling students' attendance rates and grades.
Researchers looked at outcomes for students taking ethnic studies classes at several San Francisco high schools and compared them to outcomes for similar students not enrolled in the classes. They found a 21 percentage point increase in attendance and a 1.4 point increase in GPA for ninth-graders assigned to take the course. The effects were especially notable for male and Hispanic students.
"What's so unique about this program is the degree to which it helped the students who took it," said Emily Penner, co-author of the paper and a post-doctoral researcher at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. "Schools have tried a number of approaches to support struggling students, and few have been this effective. It's a novel approach that suggests that making school relevant and engaging to struggling students can really pay off."
The study's authors think the ethnic studies classes were likely successful in boosting students' academic performance because they affirmed students' identities and validated hardships students had experienced as members of minority groups.
The authors write that their findings indicate that "culturally relevant pedagogy can be extraordinarily effective in supporting the academic progression of struggling students."


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A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different designs that all serve unique purposes and apply to different situations. Metaphorically the word is used to indicate means of providing connections, communication, transportation or transformation from various states or positions to others.
- I know it works for me.
As we cross the bridge — the burning bridge —
With flames behind us,
We front the line.
It's you and me, baby, against the world.
- Kate Bush, in "Burning Bridge" (1985)


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This book gives children the power of X-ray vision to see whats inside things. When a child holds a page up to the light, s/he can see through to the page behind: for example, when a child holds up a page showing a car, she can see the engine under the bonnet (printed on the reverse). The book is divided into five sections: Whats inside your body?; Whats inside machines?; Whats inside the world of nature?; Whats inside buildings?; and Your turn!, in which children draw their own pictures, putting a present inside the box, snacks inside the fridge, a person behind the door, birds in the tree, etc.
Designer: Sophie Dauvois Size: 220x305mm Pages: 96 Publication: 2013 Binding: Casebound book


Question: How To Make Chicken Parmesan With Marinara Sauce?
How do you make chicken parmesan from scratch?
What is the difference between chicken parmesan and chicken parmigiana?
How do you keep chicken parm from getting soggy?
You might be interested: FAQ: Eggplant Rollatini Vs Eggplant Parmesan Which Is Better Weight Watcher?
Why is it called Chicken Parm if it's made with mozzarella?
What sides are good with chicken parmesan?
 - Pasta. Let's get started with a classic combination.
 - Veggie Noodles.
 - Caesar Salad.
 - Cauliflower Salad.
 - Broccoli Salad.
 - Cucumber Salad.
 - Garlic Bread.
 - Mashed Potatoes.
What do you eat with chicken parmesan?
This is an easy chicken dinner the whole family will love! Made with homemade marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese. Serve it over pasta, zucchini noodles, roasted veggies or with a large salad to keep it on the lighter side.
Does Cheesecake Factory have chicken parmesan?
Does chicken parm have mozzarella?
Do they eat chicken parm in Italy?
According to Parla, chicken Parmesan — the beloved breaded and fried chicken cutlet smothered in tomato sauce and a blanket of melted cheese — is not a dish you will find in Italy.
You might be interested: How To Make Parmesan Baked Chicken?
Can I prepare breaded chicken ahead of time?
How long can chicken parmesan stay in fridge?
What oil should I use to fry chicken?
What's the difference between chicken parmigiana and schnitzel?
As nouns the difference between schnitzel and parmigiana is that schnitzel is a dish consisting of fried veal cutlet while parmigiana is (cooking|in combination) a cooking style in which a main ingredient is combined with cheese and coated with tomato sauce before being baked.
What does parmigiana mean in Italian?
While " parmigiana " means "from Parma" (in Northern Italy), the dish is not part of Parma food. It is based on melanzane alla parmigiana (alt. parmigiana di melanzane) or eggplant parmigiana (or eggplant Parmesan), a classic Southern Italian dish. The veal dish is known in Italian as Cotolette alla Bolognese.
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HyperCube™ (Hyperspectral CubeSat Mission - 3D Wind Measurement)
Accurate wind measurement information has been identified as a top priority to improving weather forecasting models. Harris provides HyperCube, a cost-effective solution. HyperCube is a spaceborne three-dimensional sounding instrument designed to measure the speed, direction, and elevation of wind in Earth's atmosphere. A Fourier Transform Spectrometer, the HyperCube 6U CubeSat is much smaller and less expensive than conventional systems, and offers a more expedient implementation alternative to complex LiDAR wind measurement programs. 1)
Enabled by the sounding technology of Harris, HyperCube provides hundreds of hyperspectral bands for the best instrument resolution in the small satellite market. It delivers more vertical layers of wind vector data at fine spatial resolution, resulting in more accurate data than other available solutions.
Data accuracy is maintained using an onboard calibration target capable of precise, absolute calibration. HyperCube™ also offers collection time flexibility, allowing for more mission coverage than alternative technologies.
The design of HyperCube improves upon the highly successful CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) aboard the Suomi NPP satellite. The CrIS, also a Fourier transform spectrometer, has been providing more accurate atmospheric temperature, pressure, and moisture observations since 2011. Harris packages this proven technology in a smaller, lower mass solution, called the HyperCube CubeSat.
The smallsats are developed in connection with the SDL/USU (Space Dynamics Lab of Utah State University), who provides the spacecraft for the HyperCube mission.
The HyperCube mission and operational concept: 2)
HyperCube is a constellation of 6U CubeSats equipped with MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) hyperspectral instruments. The instruments measure three-dimensional (3D) distributions of atmospheric water vapor, and by measuring the same region of the atmosphere at different times, they are able to infer wind velocities at multiple vertical locations in the atmosphere (i.e., 3D wind measurements).
An operational CubeSat constellation would consist of 12 satellites, grouped into four "triplets" of satellites that have identical ground tracks but separated by about 15 minutes. The swath width allows for full global 3D wind measurements every 6 hours. This allows frequent wind data ingestion into numerical weather forecast models.
The HyperCube satellite consists of two major sections; the instrument section and the spacecraft section. The instrument contains an FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer)-based hyperspectral sounder, and its design utilizes heritage components from prior Harris hyperspectral instruments. The instrument includes an FTS interferometer, a cross-track step-stare scanner, a compact aft-optics telescope, a two-dimensional (2D) infrared FPA (Focal Plane Array), and an internal calibration target.
The step-stare scanner performs cross-track step-stares, each with a fixed stare time. Earth radiance passes through the scanner and feeds a corner-cube Michelson interferometer. The interferometer performs an OPD (Optical Path Difference) sweep and creates a double-sided interferogram in each sweep. Simple focusing optics behind the interferometer place the optical beam onto a 2D FPA. The FPA is cooled to cryogenic temperatures using a two-stage passive cooler, similar to the cooler used by the Harris HIRS (High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) instrument, with some new, innovative advancements to fit in the compact CubeSat geometry.
The mass of the full satellite is 12.2 kg, while the overall volume is 11.6 x 24 x 36.6 cm (6U). The instrument section requires 11 W of the total 21 W power distribution.
Figure 1: Observation concept of the future HyperCube constellation (image credit: Harris)
HyperCube flight demonstration mission:
Harris is developing a flight demonstration version of a HyperCube satellite that could be flown as early as 2019. During the flight demonstration, HyperCube will collect different types of data to demonstrate different types of missions. MWIR spectra, with high spatial and spectral resolution, will be collected providing moisture profiles at various altitudes in the atmosphere. Retrievals will be compared with those of CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) on Suomi NPP, AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) on Aqua, and IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) flown on MetOp. On subsequent passes of the CubeSat over the polar regions, polar winds are extracted from two 3D moisture data cubes. Simultaneous nadir overpasses with CrIS and IASI are used to demonstrate calibration accuracy. An alternate collection method will allow trace atmospheric gases to be detected.
Figure 2: HyperCube flight demonstration satellite design (right view), image credit: Harris
Figure 3: HyperCube flight demonstration satellite design (left view), image credit: Harris
Flight demonstration instrument details: Photographs of the key HyperCube instrument components are shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 3 shows the main optomechanical portion of the instrument, which includes the cross-track step-stare scanner, internal calibration target, cornercube interferometer, and aft optics. Figure 5 shows the FPA used in the flight demonstration. It is a 6 x 6 MWIR FPA with a 9.5 µm cutoff.
Figure 4: Main optomechanical portion of the HyperCube instrument (image credit: Harris)
Figure 5: FPA used in the HyperCube instrument (image credit: Harris)
Instrument environmental test program: Near-term goals of the flight demonstration program were to demonstrate the maturity of the HyperCube instrument technology and confirm that it is ready for launch. These have now been achieved.
The HyperCube instrument has undergone a complete space environmental test program. This included an initial TVAC (Thermal-Vacuum) test to establish baseline instrument performance and show vacuum operation, a vibration test to prove that the instrument was capable of surviving typical launch conditions, and a post-vibration TVAC to verify that the instrument was functional after vibration and that its performance had not been degraded by the vibration exposure. Figure 5 shows the instrument in TVAC. The instrument is shown attached to a fixture that serves both as the cooler for the detectors and as the vibration test fixture. No significant issues were observed during the vibration test. Figure 7 is a photograph of the instrument while in vibration test.
Figure 6: HyperCube instrument during TVAC testing (image credit: Harris)
Figure 7: HyperCube instrument during vibration testing (image credit: Harris)
The noise equivalent spectral radiance (NEdN) performance of the HyperCube instrument was recorded in TVAC before and after vibration testing. Data collected during TVAC were consistent with NEdN simulations, and no changes were noted due to environmental exposure.
Since the HyperCube instrument has now been successfully exposed to a relevant space environment, it is now considered to be at TRL6 (Technology Readiness Level 6). Harris is currently in the process of completing the build of the remainder of the HyperCube satellite, with the goal of having it ready for launch in 2019.
1) "HyperCubeTM3D Wind Measurement," Harris Corporation, 2017, URL: _URL_
2) Ronald Glumb, Michael Lapsley, Peter Mantica, Anna Glumb, "TRL6 Testing of Hyperspectral Fourier Transform Spectrometer Instrument for CubeSat Applications," Proceedings of the 31st Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan UT, USA, Aug. 5-10, 2017, paper: SSC17-VI-08,URL: _URL_
The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: "Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors" (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. - Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates (_EMAIL_).


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Digitisation of cultural and scientific heritage in Vorarlberg 2004
(Status: June 2004)
There are three types of museums in Vorarlberg: state museums, regional museums and thematic museums. The state museums are the Vorarlberger Landesmuseum, the inatura Dornbirn and the Kunsthaus Bregenz. Furthermore, there are 14 regional museums and 30 thematic museums.
Digitisation of cultural heritage in Vorarlberg is—at least to some extent—connected with the problem of which museum software to apply. Currently, a working group is evaluating different software solutions (mbox or MS Storage). For smaller museums, the high investment costs are a major barrier to digitisation. A possible solution may be to acquire smaller software versions. A further problem for many smaller local and regional museums is a shortage of trained personnel.
1.1) Kunsthaus Bregenz
The Kunsthaus Bregenz digitises the literary works of Bechtold Kalb-Wacker. Photographs, letters, and manuscripts are digitally registered and documented. Several thousand objects have already been digitised and stored in the electronic database HIDA-MIDAS.
1.2) Naturmuseum inatura Dornbirn
The library of the natural history museum inatura Dornbirn includes a variety of information dealing with the geography, biology and environment, with a particular focus on documents, literature and images on Vorarlberg. The library catalogue has been registered and is accessible online via the online library catalogue of the Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek.
1.3) Frauenmuseum in Hittisau
The Frauenmuseum (Women's Museum) in Hittisau digitally registers its cultural heritage objects (every day objects, including craft, folk and arts). In addition, it has contributed to the establishment of a database of cultural heritage objects for the region of Bregenzerwald (Kulturgüterdatenbank Bregenzerwald). The role of the Frauenmuseum is to reflect the female perspective of cultural heritage.
2.1) Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek
The Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek is a public institute of the province of Vorarlberg. It documents and preserves literature on Vorarlberg.
A major initiative of the Voralberger Landesbibliothek is the establishment of a Digital Vorarlberg Library. In a first step, the magazine Montfort has been digitised and can now be accessed online (including a search function by key words). Other historical magazines of Vorarlberg are now continuously digitised and made available on the Internet. Online search criteria include format (e.g. CD-ROMs, books, articles etc.), period of time, subject, and language(s). It is also possible to view the objects online.
The media catalogue Vorarlbergensien (Medienkatalog Vorarlbergensien) can also be accessed online. The catalogue includes audio, video and press documents dealing with the theme Voralberg, such as the television news Vorarlberg Heute (since 1988) and Landesrundschau (since 1997), as well as documentations, radio broadcasts, sports, culture or political features or radio dramas. Furthermore, the catalogue includes more than 50,000 newspaper articles covering Vorarlberg in the Austrian, German, and Liechtenstein press. These can be accessed online and viewed at the Landesbibliothek.
A major initiative of the Landesbibliothek is the digitisation of the Risch-Lau collection of post cards, in a first step by microfilming. The collection features mostly landscapes and persons from 1948 to the 1970s. The collection originates from the company archive of the former publisher of postcards Risch-Lau. The collection was purchased in 1990 by the Landesbibliothek and includes approximately 40,000 objects (negatives, positives and glass templates) which mostly feature images of Vorarlberg. More than 7,000 objects have been digitised so far.
3.1) Vorarlberger Landesarchiv
The Vorarlberger Landesarchiv is both the historical archive as well as the administrative archive for the province of Vorarlberg.
Its main responsibilities are:
- Preservation and documentation
- Management of archive collections
- Research on the history of Vorarlberg
- Education and information
The state archive recognises the growing importance of digitisation, although currently it depends on microfiche to store documents and records.
4) Further digitisation initiatives in Vorarlberg
4.1) Digitisation of Vorarlberger Landtagsprotokolle (protocols of the state parliament of Vorarlberg)
The digitisation of the protocols of the state parliament of Vorarlberg was a major initiative of the Vorarlberger Landtag. So far, the digitised protocols date back to 1994; the annexes back to 1999. In a further step, the protocols dating back to 1989 have also been digitised. They can be accessed online. In the future, it is planned to digitise the entire parliamentary documentation from 1945 onwards.
The parliamentary protocols are an important and invaluable information source on the political, legal, social, lingual, and historical development in Vorarlberg.


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African Journal of Food Science Research
African Journal of Food Science Research ISSN 2375-0723 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
A review of shelf-life extension studies of Nigerian indigenous fresh fruits and vegetables in the Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute
Ubani, Ozioma Ndubunma* and Okonkwo, Ego Ulu
Nigeria Stored Products Research Institute, 3 km Asa Dam Road, P. M. B. 1489, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 23 August, 2021
The Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute has been conducting research in technology development suitable for post-harvest handling of Nigerian indigenous fruits and vegetables for extension of the shelf-life of these commodities, retention of nutrients and aesthetics of fresh produce in storage, enhancement of the nutritional status and earning capacity of both the rural and urban poor through proper handling, storage, marketing and consumption of fruits and vegetables; and production of the best quality fruits/vegetables for local and export markets over three decades. The research work carried out and the technologies developed for handling of Nigerian indigenous fruits/vegetables post-harvest for the farm, market and domestic levels of storage are discussed subsequently. These indigenous fruits and vegetables are prone to chill injury when kept at low temperatures. However, storage structures developed by the Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute over the years, such as the evaporative coolers and cooler baskets which could record some temperature drop from the ambient, have been used in extending the shelf-life of fresh fruits and vegetables. Packing (wrapping) materials have also showed promise in extending shelf life of Nigerian indigenous fresh produce. The season and time of harvest also play an important role in storage of fruits and vegetables. Garden eggs have very short shelf-life of 7 days during the dry harmattan months in Nigeria. Fresh fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis 'ugu' leaves can only be kept for 6 days at 29.1°C and 64.5%rh beyond which physiological breakdown of tissues lead to deterioration and total loss. Fresh pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) fruits, individually wrapped with waxed paper (TIXO) kept at ambient conditions in plastic crate, have a shelf-life of 17 days as compared to fresh pawpaw fruits in evaporative coolers for 7 days. In hot dry weather of the Northern parts of Nigeria, oranges stored in evaporative cooler (EC) Metal-in-Brick wall have a shelf-life of 10 weeks. Adoption of these technologies will play a very vital role in post-harvest loss reduction in fresh fruits and vegetables along the food chain, increase income and improve nutrition for all stakeholders. The interventions to maintain food quality and safety for reduction of postharvest losses in Nigerian indigenous fruits and vegetables through Research activities in NSPRI for three decades are the focus of this review paper.
Key words: Postharvest, technologies, fruits, vegetables, shelf-life.
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Edward S. Mason Senior Lecturer in International Development
Externally supported Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms often have limited success in developing countries. The reforms commonly introduce new laws and systems that are not fully implemented or used, especially by distributed agents—budgeters, accountants, and such in sector ministries, provinces, and districts. This article asks why this should be expected and what could be done about it. It builds a theory of institutional change and tests such using data from a survey of public sector accountants in Eastern and Southern African countries—one sub-set of which was distributed. The evidence supports a simple explanation of why distributed end users often limit PFM reform success: they are likely to support incumbent institutions and question reform alternatives and are less engaged in reforms than more concentrated agents who champion reforms. The article suggests that research and practice needs to better account for the influence of distributed agents on externally supported reform success.
Andrews, Matthew. "Why Distributed End Users Often Limit Public Financial Management Reform Success." HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP14-026, May 2014.


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Candles are an integral part of the décor for many homes. A
modern alternative to the traditional wick candle is the flameless LED candle.
A flameless LED candle is an electronic candle that looks like a wick candle,
except an embedded LED light bulb within the wax, and a battery pack at the
bottom of the candle. Since there are no open flames in this type of candle,
flameless LED candles are known to be a safe alternative to the wick candle. In
comparing the flameless LED candle to a wick candle, you can see that there are
many benefits in integrating a flameless LED candle into your décor.
- Safety: a flameless candle is illuminated by an LED light. There are no open flames or
melting wax in a flameless candle, making it safe for families with children or
pets, or even in residences and senior homes. A major cause of home fires is burning
candles: unattended candles, burning candles close to furniture, clothing,
curtains, etc., or any candles within the reach of children and pets can cause
a candle fire. Apart from human error, there could be design flaws in a candle
that can lead to intense heat and the wax, or things around the candle,
catching fire. This risk is eliminated in a flameless candle.
- Appearance: a flameless candle essentially looks like a traditional wick candle. Many
flameless candles are now made from real wax to give you the look and the feel
of a wick candle. In addition, the LED bulb in some of the quality flameless
candles also gives off a flickering glow much like a wick candle. Flameless
candles come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. You can choose these candles
based on what would most suit your home décor.
- Functionality: a flameless candle has the same functionality as a wick candle. It can set the
ambiance that you need by providing the same cozy and warm feeling as a traditional
candle. Flameless candles may even be scented, or decorated with dried flowers,
sparkles, and ribbons to suit the décor needs of homeowners. This cannot be
more evident than during Christmas when beautifully decorated flameless LED
candles are available in the market.
- Eco-Friendly: flameless LED candles are eco-friendly. They are smoke-free and last longer
than a traditional wick candle. With a run time of anywhere between up to 3,000 hours, depending on the batteries
required by the candle, a flameless LED lasts much longer. Also, since the LED
bulb does not produce enough heat to melt the wax around it, a flameless candle
doesn't create a mess.
are many reasons to replace the traditional wick candle in your home décor with
a flameless LED candle. With safety being the number one reason people have
switched over to a flameless candle, other reasons are simply that a flameless
candle looks no different than a wick candle and offers the same functionality.
A flameless LED candle also lasts much longer than a traditional wick candle
and can be cost-efficient in the long run. By switching over from a traditional
wick candle to a flameless LED candle, you will have peace of mind and enjoy
great convenience features, like timers and remote controls.


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The National Programme LEADER+ has two general development objectives:
Integrated, high-quality, sustainable development of the countryside, by means of pilot implementations.
Support for the endeavour to end the isolation of various regions, on all levels of economic and social life.
These objectives are attained locally through the implementation of an integrated strategy, which is structured around one important thematic axis, characterizing the identity of the region, the 'Priority Theme'. The 'priority themes' of our country's local programmes are as follows:
- Improvement of quality of life in the implementation regions.
- Use of contemporary technology and expertise to improve the competitiveness of products and services.
- Utilization of local products and facilitation of access to markets by strengthening relations among sectors, mainly for small-scale productive enterprises.
- Making the best use of natural and cultural resources, including enhancing the value of sites of Community interest selected under Natura 2000.


Vallam Kali
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Aranmula Uthrattathi Boat Race
Vallam Kali (Malayalam: വള്ളംകളി, vaḷḷaṃ kaḷi, literally "boat game") is a traditional boat race in Kerala, India. It is a form of canoe racing, and uses paddled war canoes. It is mainly conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in autumn. Vallam Kali includes races of many kinds of paddled longboats, the traditional boats of Kerala.
Vallam Kali originated in Assyria, on a New Year's Day in 300 BC. Vallam Kalli events were conducted by several ancient Indian states.
In Kerala, during an early 14th-century war between the feudal kingdoms of Kayamkulam and Chembakassery, King Devanarayana of Chembakassery commissioned the construction of a war boat called Chundan Vallam and he tasked a famous carpenter of the day with the responsibility of creating it.[1] Hence, the technical methods for creating these Snake Boats are around 650 years old. Of the snake boats still in use today, the Parthasarathi Chundan is the oldest model.
Vallam Kali has mainly been conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in Autumn. The race of Chundan Vallam is the major event. Vallam Kali also includes races of many other kinds of traditional paddled longboats of Kerala, and is one of the major tourist attractions in the state.
Vanchipattu (lit. boatsong) is the form of poetry in Malayalam language commonly using while Vallam Kali and related festivals. During Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali, the vanchipattu is performed by the participants for its significance in the rituals. Ramapurathu Warrier is considered to be the pioneer of the vanchipattu.
List of periodical Vallam Kali events[edit]
Major events[edit]
Map of Backwaters in Kerala where boat racing is conducted
Minor events[edit]
Outside Kerala[edit]
See also[edit]
 1. ^
 2. ^
 3. ^
 4. ^
External links[edit]


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Which influence does high-tech-equipment have on the innovation capability of enterprises? How can the technology and knowledge transfer be designed within a Second-Product-Lifecycle-Strategy? How can the transferred technology and knowledge contribute to fostering innovations in the target enterprises?
These are the questions the research project 2nd Tech-Cycle, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the European Social Fund, strives to find adequate answers to. 2nd Tech-Cycle is regarded as an innovative concept improving the distribution of high-tech equipment into common small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to enhance their innovative potential. It thereby enables SMEs to generate product and process innovations faster.


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Kings into Gods
Vittorio Cotesta, Università degli Studi Roma Tre
One might be surprised, astonished or indignant seeing men and women prostrating themselves in front of other men and other women. Or one might feel it is right to bow down before God, Allah, the saints, the Holy Virgin or the gods. Kings into Gods: How Prostration Shaped Eurasian Civilizations investigates the reasons why men prostrate themselves before deities or before powerful men. Through an in-depth historical and cultural analysis, this book highlights the connection between rituality and royalty within the Eurasian civilizations. The narrative and iconic documentation gathered and analyzed concerns the Greek and Roman world, the Mongolian civilization during the Middle Ages, the Hindu and Chinese civilizations, the Islamic civilization in India in the fourteenth century, the Mughal civilization and European civilization in the late Middle Ages. The different forms of the rituals in the courts of kings and emperors are tightly connected with the concept of royalty. The prostration is an act of humiliation of defeated enemies, a means to establish a abysmal distance between powerful elite and the people, a way of creating hierarchies within the elite itself.


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From this page you can download the demo version of smartTomo.
To download the demo of the latest version, please click the following link:
The demo version is limited to a fixed dataset.
For commercial info visit the page of our official dealer:
To get a quote contact the official dealer: Geostudi Astier srl.
SmartTomo is an efficient tool for seismic travel time tomography. Easily and in a very short time, it allows building an image of the underground velocity distribution. The output is the product of the iterative optimization of the starting model. Additionally, the user can define the initial model to fit the knowledge of the geology of the survey area.
SmartTomo uses an optimized implementation of the method by Moser, T. J. (" Shortest path calculation of seismic rays." Geophysics 56.1 (1991): 59-67)) and optimizes the results through a specialized Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique. To guarantee efficiency, it exploits the computational power of modern multicore CPUs, while minimizing the required amount of memory.
- Both manual and automatic first brake picking. Possibility to pick first breaks automatically or by hand.
- The computation of tomographic at leasts needs the check by the user of automatics pickings. The computation of the tomographic profile can be almost completely automated. The user can supervise the computation and possibly provide specialized settings.


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The need of weight reduction for fuel reduction and CO2 regulations enforces the use of light-weight materials for structural parts also. The importance of reinforced composites will grow in this area. While the structural behavior and the simulation up to high strain-rate processes for those materials has been in the focus of investigation for many years, nowadays the simulation of high cycle fatigue behavior is getting important as well. Efficient fatigue analysis for metals was developed by understanding the microscopic behavior (crack nucleation and initiation) and bringing it to the macroscopic level by combining it with the matching test data (SN curves etc.). Similar approaches can be applied to composite materials as well. The paper gives a comprehensive review of fatigue simulation of fiber reinforced composite, based on the authors' experience in this field for different types of composites like random fiber reinforced to textile reinforcements, from detailed micro-structure analysis to efficient multi-scale algorithms, and from structural applications to detailed fatigue analysis.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Jan 2012|


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NOTE: In this article, Desert spoon and Dasylirionwheeleri may be used interchangeably; in fact, Dasylirionwheeleri is the botanical name for Desert spoon.
The desert spoon plant, also known as the spoon yucca plant, is a perennial shrub that is related to the Agave. A semi-succulent species, the plant grows at a moderate pace in dry, arid environments across Texas, parts of the Rio Grande Valley, the Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and parts of Arizona.
Why does my Dasylirionwheeleri roots have rot?
Root rot on your Desert spoon (Dasylirionwheeleri) can be fatal if not treated with care. For this reason, we strongly recommend that you follow our guide to keep your plant alive if the symptoms occur: Root soft and blackened.
Why does my Desert spoon have gray mold spots?
A particular fungus that frequently affects flowers and spreads quickly is known as gray mold spots. This fungus is most likely to blame if you see any brown (or gray) spots. Don't ignore these signs because doing so could cause your plant to die.
When you understand the root of the issue, the solution makes perfect sense. The majority of the time, it is caused by the Dasylirionwheeleri being overwatered. We urge you to cut off the infected roots and leaves, remove the affected sections of the plant, and then repot your plant in a fresh container with sterile potting soil.
Why does my Desert spoon have leaf spots?
We provide you with all the information you need to identify and save your plants if they display signs like leaves that suddenly change color or wilt/droop. This sort of sickness is one of the most aggravating for Desert spoon owners.
Why are my Desert spoon leaves turning yellow?
Yellowing leaves are arguably the most prevalent issue in the gardening world. Overwatering or a lack of nutrients are the 2 main causes of this issue.
Whether you think your plants are getting too much water, cut back on how often you water them, and take the following measures to see if they might be nutritionally deficient:
Here are some indicators of yellowing on the Dasylirionwheeleri brought on by its numerous flaws:
- The first symptom of a magnesium deficiency is yellow patches between leaf veins on elder leaves. The leaf's core turns yellow while the veins stay green. The edges of the leaf yellow last.
- Yellowing between leaf veins is another sign of iron shortage, but young leaves on plant tops and branch tips are initially affected.
- Sulfur deficiency starts with the newest leaves, turning them yellow throughout.
- Leaf edges turning bright yellow but inside leaf remaining green are signs of potassium insufficiency. The symptoms first appear on older leaves, and the leaf edges quickly become dark.
- A lack of nitrogen is indicated by a widespread yellowing. Older, inner leaves are the first to yellow. As the yellowing progresses, it eventually touches young leaves as well.
According to the symptoms mentioned above, you just have to act accordingly. You can reduce your watering frequency, or fix a deficiency in Potassium, or Nitrogen, for that, you just have to buy a special soil for your deficiency, a consultant in a gardening store will know perfectly well how to inform you.
Is my Desert spoon sunburned?
It is simple to determine whether your Desert spoon (your Dasylirionwheeleri) has sunburn. Your plant will change color in this instance, beginning to turn yellow or white, much like it does on us.
As we saw above, if your Desert spoon receives too much water or not enough light, the leaves may also change color.
To find out if the yellow leaves have been sunburned, look at the part of the bottom that is tinted closer to the base. The yellow leaf is probably burnt and not something else if this portion stays greener.
Why are my Desert spoon leaves turning brown?
Most of the time, leaves of a Desert spoon that turn brown is a sign that your plant has been sunburned, it has probably been exposed to too much direct sunlight. Don't panic, your plant probably won't die from this, but its growth will take a hit.
Should I leave my Dasylirionwheeleri in direct sunlight?
No! Don't leave your Dasylirionwheeleri (or Desert spoon) in the sun if it displays the symptoms mentioned above; that's why it's in such a bad situation.
The remedy, as said in the paragraph above, is simple: just move your plant's Desert spoon out of direct sunlight. Your plant should swiftly re-grow with this strategy and appropriate watering.
Why are my Dasylirionwheeleri leaves drooping or wilting?
This typically occurs when your Dasylirionwheeleri gets dehydrated. Large plants are more at risk since they naturally require more water than smaller plants.
You may quickly determine if your Dasylirionwheeleri plant needs water by under-weighing its pot; if it seems light, the soil and roots are probably fairly dry and require water.
If the soil in your plant's pot is completely dry, you will need to start by moistening it so that the roots will also benefit from the water. A common mistake is to drown the Desert spoon right after a dry period thinking that it needs a lot of water.
This is true, but the easiest way to end it is to give too much water at once. Instead, you should water the soil properly, returning to a peaceful watering rhythm.
Caring Tips for Dasylirionwheeleri
Water is essential to the survival of your plant, however, it is important to balance the rate of watering. As we explained above, overwatering could have fatal consequences for your Dasylirionwheeleri.
Touching the soil will let you know whether your plant needs water or not; if it still feels damp, it's generally best to wait a few more days.
Always keep temperatures stable
It is also a good idea to keep your Dasylirionwheeleri at a stable temperature (especially if it is kept indoors!). At GreenShack, we generally recommend staying in the 65 and 85 degrees F range. Of course, do not place your Dasylirionwheeleri near a source of hot (or cold) air such as A/C units, radiators or the like.
Keep your Desert spoon Dust-Free
This one relates to indoor plants. Just like your furniture, dust collects on the leaves of your indoor plants. The issue is that this can block the photosynthesis process from starting, which would cause the plants to gradually lose their color.
This would be a true journey into hell for your Desert spoon and would also satisfy the pests.
To remove the dust, gently rub the plant's leaves with a microfiber cloth. Dust can be removed more easily with a damp cloth, but stay away from corrosive substances like rubbing alcohol!
Keep drainage in mind
If you have a tendency to overwater, you need to keep an eye on your drainage, we advise you to opt for a pot with drainage holes if it is not already the case and a saucer.
If your pots don't already have holes in them, you can add volcanic rocks (or any other pebbles with holes) to the bottom of your pot in the meantime. This will assist in creating a channel and keep the water from pooling there for an extended period of time, protecting the roots from decay.


text:
Copyright © 2012 David Simchi-Levi and Yao Zhao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Globalization, product proliferation, and fast product innovation have significantly increased
the complexities of supply chains in many industries. One of the most important advancements
of supply chain management in recent years is the development of models and methodologies
for controlling inventory in general supply networks under uncertainty and their widefspread
applications to industry. These developments are based on three generic methods: the queueing-inventory
method, the lead-time demand method and the flow-unit method. In this paper,
we compare and contrast these methods by discussing their strengths and weaknesses, their
differences and connections, and showing how to apply them systematically to characterize
and evaluate various supply networks with different supply processes, inventory policies, and
demand processes. Our objective is to forge links among research strands on different methods
and various network topologies so as to develop unified methodologies.


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Create a new project
A Drone2Map project must be created before you can begin working with Drone2Map. First, you need to choose a project template.
Create a project using a project template
To create a project, complete the following steps:
 1. Start Drone2Map.
 2. Under Select Project Template, choose Rapid, 2D Mapping, 3D Mapping, Inspection or Custom, depending on the type of product you need to create.
 3. Select custom if you have set a default custom template in the New Project tab in Application Settings. To use a custom template that is not set as default, click Import Template and browse to the location of your D2M Template (.tmpl)
 4. Click Create.
 When you create your first project, a Drone2Map Projects folder is created in your Documents folder.
 5. Type a name for the new project in the Give Your Project A Name text box.
 6. Browse to a location on your local file system where you want the new project to be stored.
 The Drone2Map folder is populated by default. Leave the default, or browse to a new location.
 7. If necessary, click Edit and choose the correct coordinate system of your source imagery.
 8. The vertical units are derived from the units in the specified x,y coordinate system and will update automatically if changed.
 9. Choose the vertical reference for your images.
 See the Vertical reference page for help determining the correct inputs.
 10. Choose Add Folder or Add Images to browse to the location of the imagery to be processed.
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 The project is created and opened in the Drone2Map home screen. A project directory is created in your chosen location, which stores your project settings, processing outputs, and other information about your project.
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12.3 Handling Time Zones
Handling time zones can become very complex in a distributed environment. For example, you might have an event source in one time zone, the Collector Manager in another, the back-end Sentinel server in another, and the client viewing the data in yet another. When you add concerns such as daylight saving time and the many event sources that don't report what time zone they are set to (such as all syslog sources), there are many possible problems that need to be handled. Sentinel is flexible so that you can properly represent the time when events actually occur, and compare those events to other events from other sources in the same or different time zones.
In general, there are three different scenarios for how event sources report time stamps:
For the first scenario, you can always calculate the absolute UTC time that an event occurred (assuming that a time sync protocol is in use), so you can easily compare the timing of that event to any other event source in the world. However, you cannot automatically determine what the local time was when the event occurred. For this reason, Sentinel allows customers to manually set the time zone of an event source by editing the Event Source node in the Event Source Manager and specifying the appropriate time zone. This information does not affect the calculation of DeviceEventTime or EventTime, but is placed into the ObserverTZ field, and is used to calculate the various ObserverTZ fields, such as ObserverTZHour. These fields are always expressed in local time.
The second scenario is in many ways the simplest. If the long-form time zone IDs or offsets are used, you can easily convert to UTC to get the absolute canonical UTC time (stored in DeviceEventTime), but you can also easily calculate the local time ObserverTZ fields. If a short-form time zone ID is used, there is some potential for conflicts.
The third scenario can be the trickiest, because it requires the administrator to manually set the event source time zone for all affected sources so that Sentinel can properly calculate the UTC time. If the time zone is not properly specified by editing the Event Source node in the Event Source Manager, then the DeviceEventTime (and probably the EventTime) can be incorrect; also, the ObserverTZ and associated fields might be incorrect.
In general, the Collector for a given type of event source (such as Microsoft Windows) knows how an event source presents time stamps, and adjusts accordingly. It is always good policy to manually set the time zone for all Event Source nodes in the Event Source Manager, unless you know that the event source reports in local time and always includes the time zone in the time stamp
Processing the event source presentation of the time stamp happens in the Collector and on the Collector Manager. The DeviceEventTime and the EventTime are stored as UTC, and the ObserverTZ fields are stored as strings set to local time for the event source. This information is sent from the Collector Manager to the Sentinel server and stored in the event store. The time zone that the Collector Manager and the Sentinel server are in should not affect this process or the stored data. However, when a client views the event in a Web browser, the UTC EventTime is converted to the local time according to the Web browser, so all events are presented to clients in the local time zone. If the users want to see the local time of the source, they can examine the ObserverTZ fields for details.


Analyzing the ebb and flow of traffic to skin sites over the past five years, I've arrived at some interesting truisms regarding our prurient online behavior. For example, when looking at porn visits by day of week, without fail, Fridays rank as the most popular day to visit porn sites, while Sunday, traditionally the day of rest or Christian Sabbath, is the least busy day of the week. As we pull our winter coats out of the closet, temperature also affects visits to porn sites. The colder the region, the more adult entertainment visits per capita.
When we think porn, we often jump to the conclusion that this is a male-dominated category. One of the more interesting trends is the increase in female visits to the category. As of the first week of November 2009, more than 30 percent of all porn visitors in the United States were female. But when we look at habits of women versus men, the difference between the sexes couldn't be clearer.
While men visit free adult video or "tube" sites—sites that provide something visual in the form of entertainment—women have an entirely different interest. One of the persistent differences between men and women (both online, as well offline) is that men tend to have stronger interest in visual content, while women are more likely to consume content in text.


5 Simple Steps to Trace Cell Precedents in Google Sheets Using Apps Scripts
Lee-on Pedahzur
Aug 3, 2020 · 5 min read
Ever had a long formula with references to other sheets that was too confusing to follow?
I recently started a new job where I needed to ramp up quickly on a formula heavy model in Google Sheets. In the past, I relied on a custom Excel Add-On I built that helped me easily navigate through cell precedents and dependents using keyboard shortcuts.
Unfortunately, Google Sheet doesn't have the same built-in tracing functionality like Excel which served as the foundation for my custom-built VBA scripts.
Luckily, Google Sheet is powered by Google Apps Script and with a bit of regular expression magic, one can build a Sidebar that can help list out all the cells that a formula of another cell is referencing.
Before we dive-in, hat tip to Oscar over at Get Digital Help for the regular expression; it saved me a good chunk of time. I simply made slight adjustments for it to fit Google Sheets and Google Apps Script, which if you're not familiar with, you can get quickly get up to speed with here.
Step 1: A function to extract all cell references
The first step is to build-out the main function that will extract all the cell references within the formula of the active (selected) cell which you're looking to explore.
The getFormula() function, when called on the getCurrentCell() function of the SpreadsheetApp, returns a string of the active cell's formula (e.g., =SUM(A1:A2)).
var formula = SpreadsheetApp.getCurrentCell().getFormula();
Then we need to use a regular expression with a match() function to get an array of all the cell references. Match() returns an array with substrings of the formula string that match the pattern of the regular expression. In this case, it's the structure of cell references in Google Sheets (e.g., SHEET NAME!A1 or A1:D5).
var regex = /('?[a-zA-Z0-9_\s]{1,99}'?!?)?(\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?[1-9]{1,7}(:\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?[1-9]{1,7})?|\$?[1-9]{1,7}\:\$?[1-9]{1,7}|\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\:\$?[A-Z]{1,3})/g;
var cell_references = formula.match(regex);
The logic of the expression is thoroughly detailed in Oscar's post, so I'll spare you from repeating it here.
Then we need to add the current sheet's name to any cell references that are within the current sheet because we will need it later when we navigate between cell references. E.g., make C1 into THIS SHEET!C1.
if (cell_references) {
cell_references = add_current_sheet(cell_references);
return cell_references;
We use an if condition to determine if the previous step (the match() function) has indeed returned an array of cell references. If the regular expression was matched on the formula string, an array would be returned and thus the variable cell_references would have a truthy value. If there were no cell references in the active cell, then cell_references would be null and thus falsy.
We will build the add_current_sheet function in the next step.
Once the alteration of the cell references is done, the function will return an array. Here's the full-function:
function get_cell_reference() {
var formula = SpreadsheetApp.getCurrentCell().getFormula();
var cell_references = formula.match(regex);
if (cell_references) {
cell_references = add_current_sheet(cell_references);
return cell_references;
You'll need to run this function first to set up permissions for the script to access the Google Sheet document. If you're not familiar with what this means, I recommend you check out the section of my previous post that walks you through it.
Step 2: Add the current sheet name
A straight forward function that determines if we need to add the name of the current sheet:
function add_current_sheet(references){
for (var i =0;i

 No formula
The mark up is what makes this a templated HTML file rather than a simple HTML file and will thus need to be evaluated when we call it so the portions will be executed before the HTML document is displayed on the Sidebar.
As the templated HTML is evaluated, it runs the function from Step 1 to store all the cell references from the cell currently highlighted into the data variable. Then it loops the data array to list the cell references one by one in as list items in an unordered list. At the same time, it also populates the onclick() call to the navigation function (Step 3) with the corresponding cell reference. If there are no cell references, then a big "No formula" message will be displayed in the Sidebar.
Step 5: Create a Macro to open the Sidebar
In order to have a keyboard shortcut that opens the Sidebar, we need to create a dummy macro and replace its code with the code to open a Sidebar and serve the evaluated templated HTML.
I like the Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0 shortcut, but any will work, of course.
We'll replace the code in new macro function created with:
function open_sidebar() {
The showSidebar() function of getUi() does the heavy lifting and takes in an HTML file which we'll evaluate using the HtmlService's createTemplateFromFile() function where Sidebar is the name of the HTML file from Step 4.
That's it! Now, whenever you Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0 a Sidebar will open up, and if there is a formula with cell references they will show up listed.
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Meaning of Trishulini
Is Trishulini a female or a male name and what is the origin of Trishulini?
Trishulini is Girl/Female and origin is Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Trishulini means: Goddess Durga
Meaning of Trishulini | த்ரிஷுலிநீ
Is Trishulini | த்ரிஷுலிநீ a female or a male name and what is the origin of Trishulini | த்ரிஷுலிநீ?
Trishulini | த்ரிஷுலிநீ is Girl/Female and origin is Tamil
Trishulini | த்ரிஷுலிநீ means: Goddess Durga
Meaning of Aludra
Is Aludra a female or a male name and what is the origin of Aludra?
Aludra is Girl/Female and origin is Indian
Aludra means: Virgin
Meaning of Aludra |
Is Aludra | a female or a male name and what is the origin of Aludra |?
Aludra | is Girl/Female and origin is Muslim
Aludra | means: Virgin
Meaning of Aludra
Aludra is Girl/Female and origin is Arabic, French
Aludra means: Virgin; The Maiden
What is the meaning of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI?
Astrology and Numerology explanation and analysis of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Famous results for ALUDRA TRISHULINI
CTRM Aludra
Aludra is a Malaysian unmanned aerial vehicle operating since 2010. The Aludra was designed and manufactured by Composites Technology Research Malaysia
Eta Canis Majoris
Majoris (η Canis Majoris, abbreviated Eta CMa, η CMa), also named Aludra /əˈluːdrə, əˈljuːdrə/, is a star in the constellation of Canis Major. Since 1943
USS Aludra
of the United States Navy have been named Aludra, after a star in the constellation Canis Major. USS Aludra (AK-72), a Crater-class cargo ship active
USS Aludra (AK-72)
USS Aludra (AK-72) was a Crater-class cargo ship in the service of the US Navy in World War II. Named after the star Aludra in the constellation Canis
USS Aludra (AF-55)
Canis Major
the blue-white giant Beta (Mirzam) at 2.0, blue-white supergiants Eta (Aludra) at 2.4 and Omicron2 at 3.0, and white spectroscopic binary Zeta (Furud)
Malaysian Armed Forces
The Star". "Pesawat UAV Aludra MK helang perisik ciptaan tempatan" [Aircraft UAV Aludra MK 'eagle' local creation spy] (in Malay).
Crater-class cargo ship
engine using a single screw with a power of 1,950 hp (1,454 kW) shaft. USS Aludra (AK-72) Lost in action from Japanese torpedo on 23 June 1943 south of Makira
List of Wheel of Time characters
Vitalien. Compelled and used up by Hessalam during the Last Battle. Aludra Nendenhald: Aludra is an Illuminator originally from Tarabon. She created the Dragons
Composites Technology Research Malaysia
development and manufacturing of the local Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with its Aludra UAV. Other than that, CTRM also produced composites component for the aircraft
List of State Protected Monuments in Karnataka
Chitradurga S-KA-181 Jain Bastis Chitradurga S-KA-182 Durga Parameshwara [Trishulini] Dakshin Kannada Balpa Subramanya Dakshina Kannada 12°41′21″N 75°31′05″E
Meanings/definitions of of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI?
: Meaning of in the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI means:
H: Meaning of H in the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI means: You are not judgmental. Happiness comes from pursuing ideal. Music and art enhance achievements, ignore literature and drama. Criticism hurts. Numerous talents, concentrate on one to find fame. Status not enhanced by bragging.
Like to add another meaning or definition of ALUDRA TRISHULINI?
Astrology/numerology analysis and explanation of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Names, sentences and phrases similar to ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Vismay
Vismay means: Surprise
Meaning of Vibhushnu
Vibhushnu means: Lord Shiva
Meaning of Vibhushnu ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Viralmani
Viralmani means: Priceless Jewel
Meaning of Viralmani ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Yashodhar
Yashodhar means: Famous
Meaning of Yashodhar ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Raisa | ரிஸா
Raisa | ரிஸா means: Leader, Chief, Princess, Flower
Meaning of Raisa | ரிஸா ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Meymona |
Meymona | means: Good fortune
Meaning of Meymona | ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Sreenesh
Sreenesh means: Given by God, Lord Vishnu
Meaning of Sreenesh ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Jax
Meaning of Leonides
Leonides means: Lion.
Meaning of Leonides ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Meaning of Payan
Payan means: probably Spanish : unexplained. In Spain this name is mainly found in Andalusia.English : variant spelling of Paine.Southern French : from Latin paganus 'country dweller', hence a nickname for a country-born person, or from its later sense of 'pagan', 'heathen', given to a child not yet baptized. Compare Paine.A Payan, also called Saintonge, from the Saintonge region of France, is documented in Quebec City in 1699.
Meaning of Wuo
Meaning of Wuo Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Coyl
Meaning of Coyl Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Veryz
Meaning of Veryz Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Aewhui
Meaning of Aewhui Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Oysuoli
Meaning of Oysuoli Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Shichiez
Meaning of Shichiez Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Iipteypsa
Meaning of Iipteypsa Aludra Trishulini
Meaning of Greuwhuawu
Meaning of Greuwhuawu Aludra Trishulini
Name popularirity score of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI. The country name score of ALUDRA TRISHULINI. Daily searches of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI? Keyword competition of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI Google search trends of ALUDRA TRISHULINI, Google search history of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI, search graph of ALUDRA TRISHULINI, keyword cost of ALUDRA TRISHULINI
Tags: Meaning of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI. The definition of ALUDRA TRISHULINI. Did you find the meaning of the name ALUDRA TRISHULINI? Please, add a meaning of ALUDRA TRISHULINI if you did not find one from a search of ALUDRA TRISHULINI.
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Keith Hyatt: Food in the field
Discover what scientists eat in the field.
More about Keith Hyatt
Following in the footsteps of Darwin, Banks, Wallace and other pioneering naturalists, our scientists collect specimens and data from all parts of the world. Fieldtrips are an essential part of their research, and the collecting process makes many feel as though they are truly'making' the Museumâs history.
The centuries have brought about many changes to how fieldwork is conducted, namely in ensuring the ethical collection of specimens. In these clips, our curators and researchers reveal their experiences in travelling to sometimes remote locations, many of which have led to exciting discoveries.


text:
The Pre-Allied Health degree at Lackawanna College is designed to provide the necessary foundation for a future as an Allied Health professional. In this major, students must maintain a 2.5 GPA and must not require developmental or bridge courses. Science courses include biology, chemistry, microbiology, and anatomy and physiology.
Students entering this program should have successfully completed two to three years of mathematics and three years of science in high school. They should also be familiar with computers and their uses.
Primarily a transfer-related program, this curriculum provides intensive hands-on laboratory experience that will prepare students for additional study at four-year institutions.
This major prepares students for transfer into baccalaureate degree programs in allied health fields. These may include, but not limited to: nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy, respiratory therapy, or medical technology.
Students successfully completing the A.S. degree program in Pre-Allied Health will:
- Recognize the interdisciplinary nature of scientific inquiry and apply analytical thinking and analysis to explain various scientific phenomena as they develop skill in using the scientific method.
- Demonstrate a working knowledge of biology, basic chemistry, and anatomy and physiology sufficient for entry into higher-level science courses at a transfer institution.
- Develop the qualitative and quantitative skills, through the use of technology, necessary for a career in health sciences.
- Appreciate the diverse and dynamic nature of the human condition through the study of humanities, global studies, and math/science electives.
- Be able to communicate effectively, both orally and through the written word, and be able to work with others in a professional setting.
The Pre-Allied Health degree is offered at the Scranton campus and will come to the Towanda Center in Fall 2016.


text:
Journey Through the Jungle
Exhibit open through Dec. 14, 2012
103 Rowe Hall
Central Michigan University
"Journey Through the Jungle: A Fascinating Look at Life in the Rainforest" is on display through December 14th at CMU's Museum of Cultural and Natural History. The exhibit includes photos and displays of plants and animals that live in the rainforest, live critters and a display on rainforest conservation. The exhibit features a large children's section that includes a replica bat cave and tribal hut, passports for kids to earn stickers at each station they visit, and several hands-on activities.
Special groups of no more than 28 students can book the following activities either in addition to their Journey Through the Jungle tour or separate from the tour. Not all activities require the same about of time.
Grades K-2: The Great Kapok Tree
Students will learn that many animals in the rainforest are dependent upon the kapok tree as they listen to and interact with the story, The Great Kapok Tree
, by Lynn Cherry. Students will also learn about the problem of deforestation. This activity can also include a writing experience. This activity takes about 20 minutes without the writing experience.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 3-4: Plant/Animal Classification
Students will experience classification as something that scientists do and will classify plants and animals individually and in small groups into several different categories. This activity takes about 30 minutes.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 3-4: Rainforest Food Chain/Food Web
Students will learn how several animals in the rainforest are dependent upon the kapok tree and will form food chains and food webs as they listen to the story, The Great Kapok Tree
, by Lynn Cherry. Students also will learn about the problem of deforestation. This activity can also include a writing experience. This activity takes about 20 minutes without the writing activity.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 5-6: Rainforest Food Chain/Food Web
This is a much more complex activity than the one for grades 3-4. Students will simulate food chains and food webs, mutualistic relationships, and what happens in the tropical rainforest if a species is removed. This activity takes about 45 minutes.Click to view Educational Standards
Mon. - Fri., 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Sat. & Sun., 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Closed during university holidays and breaks.
General admission to the Journey Through the Jungle exhibit is free and open to the public. Teachers and those wishing to book group tours should contact Tricia Kierst at _PHONE_ for scheduling and pricing information.
Location & Parking
Resources for Teachers


Holistic Resource management
Allan savory is iften quoted, and his concept of holistic resource management
sounds good to me.
But what exactly are the HRM principles and rules we should should follow and
try to incorporate in our farm designs.
That's the kind of information, and detail that is so important.
Tell me what to do, and how to do it, and why to do it so that I may do it
and thus in some small way contribute to the movement.
Any help, comments etc on this topic would be greatly appreciated. While the
concept sounds good I just don't have any practical info. Thanks. frank


text:
Write a compound inequality to represent:
a) All numbers greater than -1 and less than or equal to 39 then display the inequality on a number line.
b) The flowers in the garden are 6 inches or taller or shorter than 3 inches. Display the inequality on a number line.
If there's something you don't understand about this answer, can you explain what it is?


Trading range
Trading range,
Definition of Trading range:
 1. When a stock breaks through or falls below its trading range, it usually means there is momentum (positive or negative) building. A breakout occurs when the price of a security breaks above a trading range, while a breakdown happens when the price falls below a trading range. Typically, breakouts and breakdowns are more reliable when they are accompanied by a large volume, which suggests widespread participation by traders and investors.
 2. Commodities trading: Minimum and maximum limit set by the exchange within which the price of a particular commodity can fluctuate during a trading day.
 3. A trading range occurs when a security trades between consistent high and low prices for a period of time. The top of a security's trading range often provides price resistance, while the bottom of the trading range typically offers price support.
 4. Securities trading: Spread between the high and low prices at which a security has traded during a specified period.
How to use Trading range in a sentence?
 1. Each trading range has a support price, a price at which traders purchase the security, and a resistance price, a price at which they sell the security.
 2. A trading range occurs when a security trades between consistently high and low prices for a certain period of time.
 3. Traders use a variety of indicators, such as volume and price action, in order to enter or exit a trading range.
Meaning of Trading range & Trading range Definition
Trading Range,
What is The Meaning of Trading Range?
 - Trading Range means, The trading value of the stock in a given period.
Literal Meanings of Trading Range
Meanings of Trading:
 1. Trade action
Sentences of Trading
 1. The company's profits increased
Synonyms of Trading
vending, disposal, selling
Meanings of Range:
 1. The range of variation between upper and lower limits on a given scale.
 2. Many different things of the same general type.
 3. The distance at which something can be achieved or felt.
 4. A line or range of mountains or hills.
 5. Large open land for grazing or hunting.
 6. Electric or gas stove with multiple burners and one or more ovens.
 7. An architect who stretches from one end to the other.
 8. The direction or location of an object.
 9. Exceed or exceed the specified threshold value.
 10. Arrange or arrange in one or more lines or in a particular order or style.
 11. (A person or animal) Traveling or exploring a large area.
Sentences of Range
 1. The daily cost is estimated at $ 15 million.
 2. The area offers a variety of activities for tourists
 3. Something was hidden from view
 4. Northwest Coastal Area
 5. In cow ranches, tourists wear new western clothing to explore diversity
 6. Wood burning stove
 7. Chains of hills and valleys almost from north to south
 8. The patient is between 13 and 25 years of age
 9. A table with half a dozen chairs around it
 10. Patrolling covered thousands of kilometers in enemy territory
 11. A radar-shaped transmission that appears to work on our train
Synonyms of Range
extent, ramble, pasturage, radius, backpack, meander, arrange, align, assortment, paddock, orbit, drift, scale, differ, wander, trek, selection, earshot, set out, choice, carrying range, compass, hike, journey, stroll, walk


Convert light years to micrometers
Light Year - The distance that light travels in one year; 9460528405000 kilometers
Micrometer - A metric unit which equals to a 1/1,000,000 of a meter
Type your input value (in light years) in the left text field, to get the result in micrometers in the second text field.
light years = micrometers
Length Converter


text:
In economics, a demand shock is a sudden event that increases or decreases demand for goods or services temporarily. _URL_
On demand shock
A positive demand shock increases demand and a negative demand shock decreases demand. Prices of goods and services are affected in both cases. When demand for a good or service increases, its price typically increases because of a shift in the demand curve to the right. When demand decreases, its price typically decreases because of a shift in the demand curve to the left. Demand shocks can originate from changes in things such as tax rates, money supply, and government spending. For example, taxpayers owe the government less money after a tax cut, thereby freeing up more money available for personal spending. When the taxpayers use the money to purchase goods and services, their prices go up.
In the midst of a poor economic situation in the United Kingdom in November 2002, the Bank of England's deputy governor, Mervyn King, warned that the domestic economy was sufficiently imbalanced that it ran the risk of causing a "large negative demand shock" in the near future. At the London School of Economics, he elaborated by saying, "Beneath the surface of overall stability in the UK economy lies a remarkable imbalance between a buoyant consumer and housing sector, on the one hand, and weak external demand on the other."
During the global financial crisis of 2008, a negative demand shock in the United States economy was caused by several factors that included falling house prices, the subprime mortgage crisis, and lost household wealth, which led to a drop in consumer spending. To counter this negative demand shock, the Federal Reserve System lowered interest rates. Before the crisis occurred, the world's economy experienced a positive global supply shock. Immediately afterward, however, a positive global demand shock led to global overheating and rising inflationary pressures.
See also
- "Demand Shock". Investopedia. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- "UK could be in for demand shock". Television New Zealand. 2002-11-20. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- Palley, Thomas (2008-06-11). "Bernanke Fed getting it right". Asia Times. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- Roubini, Nouriel (2008-06-14). "The spectre of global stagflation". Daily Times. Retrieved 2008-11-02.