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Chapter 4: Be a Light unto Yourself
The first question:
Is Zen the path of surrender? Then how come the basic teaching of Buddha is, "Be a light unto yourself"?
The essential surrender happens within you. It has nothing to do with anybody outside you. The basic surrender is a relaxation, a trust - so don't be misguided by the word. Linguistically, surrender means to surrender to somebody, but religiously, surrender simply means trust, relaxing. It is an attitude rather than an act: you live through trust.
Let me explain. You swim in water, you go to the river and swim. What do you do? - you trust water. A good swimmer trusts so much that he almost becomes one with the river. He is not fighting, he does not grab the water, he is not stiff and tense. If you are stiff and tense you will be drowned, if you are relaxed the river takes care.
That's why whenever somebody dies, the dead body floats on the water. This is a miracle. Amazing! Alive, the person died and was drowned by the river, but dead, the person simply floats on the surface. What has happened? The dead person knows some secret about the river which the alive person did not know. The alive person was fighting. The river was the enemy. He was afraid, he could not trust. But the dead person, not being there, how could he fight? The dead person is totally relaxed, with no tension: suddenly the body surfaces, the river takes care. No river can drown a dead person.
Trust means you are not fighting. Surrender means you don't think of life as the enemy but as the friend. Once you trust the river, suddenly you start enjoying. Tremendous delight arises: splashing, swimming, or just floating or diving deep. But you are not separate from the river, you merge, you become one.
Surrender means to live the same way in life as a good swimmer swims in the river. Life is a river: either you can fight or you can float, either you can push the river and try to go against the current or you can float with the river and go wherever the river leads you.
Surrender is not towards somebody, it is simply a way of life. A God is not needed to surrender to. There are religions which believe in God, there are religions which don't believe in any God - but all religions believe in surrender, so surrender is the real God.
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Enable or disable the properties of a command-queue.
cl_int clSetCommandQueueProperty( cl_command_queue command_queue,
 cl_command_queue_properties properties,
 cl_bool enable,
 cl_command_queue_properties *old_properties)
Specifies the command-queue being queried.
Specifies the new command-queue properties to be applied to command_queue. Only command-queue properties specified for clCreateCommandQueue can be set in properties; otherwise the value specified in properties is considered to be not valid.
Determines whether the values specified by properties are enabled (if enable is CL_TRUE) or disabled (if enable is CL_FALSE) for the command-queue. The allowed property values are the same as those specified for clCreateCommandQueue.
Returns the command-queue properties before they were changed by clSetCommandQueueProperty. If old_properties is NULL, it is ignored.
As specified for clCreateCommandQueue, the CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE command-queue property determines whether the commands in a command-queue are executed in-order or out-of-order. Changing this command-queue property will cause the OpenCL implementation to block until all previously queued commands in command_queue have completed. This can be an expensive operation and therefore changes to the CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE property should be only done when absolutely necessary.
It is possible that a device(s) becomes unavailable after a context and command-queues that use this device(s) have been created and commands have been queued to command-queues. In this case the behavior of OpenCL API calls that use this context (and command-queues) are considered to be implementation-defined. The user callback function, if specified when the context is created, can be used to record appropriate information in the errinfo, private_info arguments passed to the callback function when the device becomes unavailable.
Returns CL_SUCCESS if the command-queue properties are successfully updated. Otherwise, it returns the following:
 - Returns CL_INVALID_COMMAND_QUEUE if command_queue is not a valid command-queue.
 - Returns CL_INVALID_VALUE if the values specified in properties are not valid.
 - Returns CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES if the values specified in properties are not supported by the device.
OpenCL Specification
Also see
clCreateCommandQueue, clGetCommandQueueInfo, clReleaseCommandQueue, clRetainCommandQueue


text:
The FlashShield 42mm Anti-Reflective Device from Carson Optical is an optical accessory that minimizes reflection by the objective lenses of a 42mm binocular. Simply by clipping the reflection shield in front of each objective, the honeycomb-shaped light baffle will reduce light reflecting off the lens. In addition to controlling reflected light that can expose the observer's location to wildlife, each FlashShield acts as a sun shade that blocks glare and also protects the lens surfaces from scratches and dirt.
- Minimizes the reflective signature of a binocular's objective lenses
- Helps maintain covert posture, great for hunting and birding
- Reduces glare and blocks stray light from the entering the field of view
- Helps protect lens surfaces from dust and debris
- Clip-on attachment is compatible with most 42mm binoculars

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Showing Collections: 1 - 1 of 1
Identifier: CBI 52
Abstract Collection contains documentation of Isaac L. Auerbach's activities in several professional associations, especially IFIP, his consulting, and other business activities. The IFIP records include materials about the biennial congresses and document the growth and activities of the federation; its relationship with other professional organizations is also documented. The AFIPS records focus on the History of Computing Committee and the Computer History Project of the late 1960s to mid 1970s,...
Dates: _PHONE_; bulk _PHONE_
Found in: Charles Babbage Institute Archives


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Otis is the world's largest elevator manufacturer. It is estimated that between its elevators, escalators and moving walkways, they transport the equivalent of the world's population every 3 days! This makes Otis the most popular form of transportation on Earth! If we restrict it only to elevators, it's estimated that Otis transports the world's population every 9 days!
The company has over 60,000 employees today and makes an annual revenue over 11 billion. Some famous Otis installed elevators are in the Eiffel Tower, Empire State Building, and World Trade Center. The company was founded in Yonkers, New York by Elisha Otis in 1853. The company pioneered the development of the safety elevator, which was invented by Otis in 1852.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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About This Breed
The Chihuahua may have been brought to Mexico by Chinese traders. Another possibility is that the Chihuahua was created by the Toltec's and the Aztecs from an ancient breed known as Techichi.
Learn even more about Chihuahuas and meet other Chihuahua parents in our Chihuahua Group in the Pet360 community.
- The Chihuahua is a small dog with a fine bone structure.
- Its head is apple shaped with erect ears and round eyes.
- The Chihuahua can be fawn, black, red, black and tan, and black and white
- The coat of the Chihuahua can be long or short.
The Chihuahua has a nervous personality which can make it unpredictable and aggressive with small children and strangers. The Chihuahua frequently barks and is known to be a "fear biter, " which may cause them to snap at kids and strangers that try to pick them up or pet them.
IDEAL LIVING SITUATION
The Chihuahua fares the best in a small home or an apartment.
The Chihuahua has a very delicate build; therefore, it can become injured easily.
The following conditions are commonly seen in Chihuahuas:
- Patellar luxation
- Heart problems
The history of the Chihuahua is quite controversial. According to one theory, it was originally developed in China and then brought to the Americas by Spanish traders, where it was interbred with small native dogs. Others speculate it is of South and Central American origin, descended from a small, mute dog -- the native Techichi -- which was occasionally sacrificed in Toltec religious rites. It was believed that this diminutive red dog guided the soul to the underworld after death. Thus, all Aztec families kept this dog and buried it with the deceased member of the family. (Curiously, the Toltecs and the Aztecs also fed on
the Techichi.) When not used in burial rituals, however, the Aztec and Toltec priests and families took great care of the Techichis.
The ancestors to the Chihuahua nearly became extinct during the 1500s, when the Aztec Empire was decimated by Hernán Cortés and the Spanish colonizers. In 1850, three small dogs -- now thought to be modern versions of the Chihuahua -- were discovered in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, from which breed gets its name. Border states within the United States, such as Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, soon began to see a massive import of the dog breed. However, it wasn't until the Rhumba King, Xavier Cugat, began appearing in films carrying a Chihuahua dog in the early 1900s, that the breed gained its celebrity. Today, it has emerged as one of the most popular breeds in the United States.
The Chihuahua is a popular breed used in the entertainment business, such as the "Yo quiero Taco Bell" advertising campaign featuring a cute, Spanish-speaking Chihuahua.


text: The global agricultural biologicals market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 14.6% reaching USD 10.05 Billion by 2020. This growth is due to a number of factors such as increasing demand for organic products, increasing global population, improved yield and productivity, and rising cost of fertilizers and pesticides. This market is dominated by Europe and is closely followed by North America. These regions are quite ahead in adopting modern agricultural technology and organic farming as they are more developed as compared to other developing regions round the globe. However, the demand for agricultural biological products from developing regions, such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America, has significantly increased.


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Since popularity of Linux operating system in industrial environment increase, needs for interoperability between Linux applications and industrial equipment come true. Actually most every Linux scada/HMI project reinvents the wheel for field communication, without interoperability.
Mainly, DPBC (DBus for process control) is a standard abstraction layer between SCADA and field equipment.
DBPC is based on D-Bus which is a message bus and activation system that is set to achieve deep penetration in Linux.
DBPC define a standard set of objects, interfaces and methods for use in process control. It will provide a common standard for industrial communication, especially between HMI, SCADA and field electronic equipement.
If you have ideas you want to suggest but don't want to edit this main document, please go to the brainstorming Page.
Trivial diagrammatic description of DBPC architecture.
- Process control and automation engineer
- Linux user and open source programmer
- HMI and SCADA open source project
- Industrial embedded systems programmer
- Industrial equipment manufacturer
- Industrial computer manufacturer
DBus : D-Bus is an inter-process communication (IPC) mechanism implemented as a software data bus which permits communication between applications. Unless it is not a process field bus as used in factory floor, its core functionality can easily be apprehended in the same way by control engineer. For more detail about DBus and IPC see related IPC specification.
DBPC : DBPC is a layer above DBUS. It define a standard set of objects, interfaces and methods for use in process control, automation and domotic applications, to facilitate interoperability. Primary goal is defining a common communication language for real time communication of plant data between control devices from different manufacturers and SCADA, HMI, process control and open source applications.
DBPC-server : DBPC servers are services which provide common tags access trough DBus. Generally a DBPC server grants real time data access to one or more remote programmable logic controller. Most of time is done by pooling. Typically DBus servers represent a field bus protocol. (For example : ModbusTCP DBPC server, Profibus DBPC server).
DBPC-client : DBPC client are compliant application which access to tags in one or more DBPC-server.
Tags : Each datum made available by a DBPC server is called a tag. Tags correspond (roughly) to physical values, factory state, command signals, etc. A tag's value may be read or written by a DBPC client.
Device : From a DBPC point of view, devices are equipment or objects which may be controlled or monitored through a DBPC server. While the primary target of DBPC are industrial applications, DBPC servers may also be implemented for other types of "industiral" devices : HVAC, heating control, domotic, real time data producers, metéo stations, telescopes, multimedia equipment, IR remote controls, DCF clocks, robotics, USB gadgets, RFID readers, etc.
PLC Programmable logical controller : Programmable logic controllers are digital computers used for automation of electromechanical processes. Unlike general-purpose computers, PLCs are designed for multiple input/output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Although the IEC 61131-3 define PLC programming languages, manufacturers typically implement their own programming tools and interfaces. Interoperability is not yet a priority for PLC manufacturers.
Field bus : Fieldbus is an industrial automation network system for real-time distributed control. It offers a protocol for interconnecting instruments actuators and sensors with a controller. The domain of field bus application is typically an industrial plant. Many competing fieldbus technologies exist, merging them with D-Bus is a brave goal followed by DBPC.
Part 1 This part introduce basis usage of D-Bus for process control.
Part 2 This part specify common D-Bus objects, interface and method for DBPC tags.
Part 3 This part specify common D-Bus objects, interface and method for DBPC devices.
Part 4 This part specify common D-Bus objects, interface and method for DBPC server.
Part 5 This part define a common configuration file format which are used by DBPC servers.
OPC-DA was designed to bridge Windows and process control hardware and software applications. Standard defines consistent method of accessing field data from plant floor devices. Actually, OPC-DA is probably the most common interoperability tool used in automation and process control world.
The need for interoperability are often equally applicable in Linux world. However, because OPC-DA is based on the OLE, COM, and DCOM technologies developed by Microsoft for the Microsoft Windows operating system family there are encumbrances preventing wholesale adaptation of these technologies to Linux systems. With this in mind, DBPC was created to present end users with a common cross-platform experience allowing DBPC and OPC-DA "feel" functionally similar.
Nevertheless, DBPC distinguish of OPC-DA in one sens that it target to exploit full advantage and benefit provided by Linux operating system and Open source software development. So we personally expect better performance and reliability.
Although DBPC is open source oriented, DBPC also still to encourage, manufacturer providing there own DBPC compliant software, not necessary open source, in the same way than OPC.
OPC-UA is an evolution of OPC-DA. It has been created to extend some features lacking with OPC-DA.
OPC-UA is more like a communication protocol. DBPC is still an Inter-Process Communication.
- In one hand, OPC-UA will be suitable for automation network and inter-systems interoperability, because it is XML based and include authentication support.
- In the other hand DBPC is rooted in Linux thanks to D-bus which allow deep system integration and eases application development. D-Bus offers low-latency and low-overhead and designed to be small and efficient to minimize round-trips. So very suitable for embedded systems as well as fanless touchscreen HMI. In addition, because the protocol is binary (as opposed to textual), it may remove some serialization overhead. OPC-UA may benefit of DBPC and reciprocally. As a reslut of OPC-UA can be implemented as a upper layer (wrapper) above DBPC, similar to upcoming XMP-RPC, SOAP, CGI and so on.
A first approach may be reading D-Bus FAQ, 9 to 18 which compare D-Bus with several IPC.
When choosing an IPC for process control in Linux, some criteria were decisive :
- Availability : D-Bus has strong integration with the Gnome and KDE desktop environments.
- Portability : D-Bus is portable to many Linux or UNIX flavors -- a port to Windows is in progress.
- Liability : The D-Bus low-level API reference implementation and protocol have been heavily tested in "real world" systems.
- Multi-language support : D-Bus is supported by many programming languages including : C, C++, Java, Python, Perl, etc.
- Scripting : D-Bus may be used from terminal (dbus-send) allowing command line/shell scripting.
- Efficiency : D-Bus may be effectively implemented in low performance hardware and embedded systems.
- Openness : A a side effect, instead of DBPC, HMI applications might benefit by supporting D-Bus connectivity.


Honors Program
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I apply to the Honors Program?
Students are typically selected into the program as part of the admissions process. Selection is based on high school curriculum, rigor and GPA. The Office of Admissions will notify students of selection into the program. First-year students may be selected into the program over winter break based on their academic performance during their first semester.
I was accepted to Emmanuel College, but I'm not sure if I was accepted to the Honors Program. How can I find out?
You can contact the Office of Admissions at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
What are the benefits of the program?
The Honors Program offers you an exceptional educational experience. You will enjoy small, interactive classes with outstanding professors who are passionate about teaching talented students and value the close interactions they have with honors students. You will become a member of a community of highly-motivated students who wish to excel in reading and writing-intensive classes.
Honors classes fulfill general requirements and appear with the prefix HONOR on your transcript. Honors students have free access to engaging co-curricular events, such as theatre performances, the Boston Symphony and a trip to the United Nations in New York.
Other benefits include the opportunity to receive funding for travel, research and creative activities. You will also have the opportunity to work with professors on research projects and as instructional assistants. You will be able to take on leadership roles through peer mentoring and organizing co-curricular events.
Do honors students receive an additional scholarship?
Honors students do not receive an additional scholarship. The program offers a Research and Creative Activities Award for research and creative endeavors. Honors students compete for this award. Honors students have also been awarded prestigious scholarships and fellowships such as the Fulbright Fellowship.
Does the Honors Program have any special housing arrangements?
There are no special housing arrangements for honors students. Honors students become part of an active intellectual community by taking honors courses and participating in co-curricular events.
I am a transfer student. Can I apply to the Honors Program?
As a high-achieving student, you can apply by June 1 after your freshman year at Emmanuel with permission from your academic advisor and the Honors Program director.
I am a current student at Emmanuel. Can I take honors courses?
Yes, if you're a high-achieving student and there is space left in the honors class you're interested in. However, students currently in the program have priority access to honors courses. If you're a current student at Emmanuel and are interested in taking an honors class, please contact the program director, Dr. Katrin Križ at _EMAIL_ for further information.
Does tuition increase if I become part of the Honors Program?
No, tuition remains the same regardless of your participation in the program.
How many students are there in the program?
There are approximately 70 students in the program.
When do students typically start the program?
Students typically enter the program in their first or second semester at Emmanuel.
What are the program requirements?
To successfully complete the program, you are required to take five honors courses, one "Honors Experience" and achieve Distinction in the Field in your senior year. The Honors Experience can include a study abroad experience or the opportunity to work as a research assistant or as an instructional assistant with a professor. You are required to maintain a GPA of 3.3 to stay in the program.
Do I need to take any additional classes as an Honors student?
You do not need to take any additional classes, because all honors classes fulfill a General Academic Requirement. Your academic advisor and the Honors Program director will help you integrate your honors classes into your four-year academic plan.


Wood Working in Kerby, OR
What is Woodworking?
Woodworking is the known as the building or the creation of objects out of wood. You can create a lot of different objects from woodworking and these objects can be as big as gazebos or as small as wooden toys. No matter how big or small your personal project may be you will be very likely to accomplish that goal with woodworking. In addition, woodworking has many personal as well as emotional benefits! In this article I am going to briefly identify some of these benefits for you.
Woodworking as a Career:
A lot of people who love to work with their hands have turned that love into a career through woodworking. People who build things out of wood are generally known as carpenters. wood working in Kerby, OR. wood working in Kerby, OR. Carpenters can work on a variety of woodworking projects and job types. For instance, some carpenters own their carpentry business and these individuals have the luxury to set their work hours. This benefit allows carpenters the opportunity to spend more time with their families and have less job stress. Raising children is a really difficult task no matter what way you approach the task! For a carpenter who owns his or her own business, this task might not be as hard because that individual will have more time to be a part of his or her child's life. By playing a bigger role in the life of your child you will be having a greater impact on the type of character that child develops into, which is a huge concern for any loving parent. In addition to these benefits, carpentry can also have health benefits as well.
Physical Health Benefits of Woodworking:
Do It Yourself Woodworking Saves Money:
Zip Codes Near Kerby, OR
97531, 97491, 97501, 95567, 97540, 95543, 97531, 96039, 95531, 97525, 97524, 96050, 96085, 97526, 97406, 97534, 97535, 97442, 97503, 97464, 97520, 97543, 97444, 97497, 97410, 96086, 97523, 97533, 97502, 97538, 97544, 95538, 97530, 97537, 97415, 97532


6 Stages Every Gay Couple Should Reach In Their Relationship
Gay Dating
6 Stages Every Gay Couple Should Reach in Their Relationship
Brian Rzepczynski
Brian Rzepczynski Updated:
Discuss This! Discuss This!
Life is all about development, evolution and progression, and as we go through this maturation process, there are often typical stages we experience as we continue to grow.
For example, you will likely recall you went through certain stages and phases of identity development as you came out to yourself as a gay man and started to come to terms with your sexuality.
Here is an article about the well-known "Cass Homosexual Identity Development" model that details this process.
Well, relationships are the same way
In much the same way that as individuals we grow and develop, so do our relationships.
When you start dating someone and work toward a long-term partnership, there is a common developmental trajectory you will likely follow.
There are a variety of stage models that attempt to explain intimate relationship development, though the great majority are descriptive of heterosexual love.
While there are many similarities in the qualities and characteristics of relationships with our heterosexual counterparts, gay/lesbian relationships also have some unique differences and challenges that may not necessarily follow some of these other relationship theories.
Well, relationships are the same wayAlas, there is one such model that speaks to gay male pairings!
In 1984, David P. McWhirter and Andrew M. Mattison published "The Male Couple: How Relationships Develop."
The authors conducted a research study over the course of five years in which they interviewed 156 male couples in loving relationships lasting anywhere from one to 37 years.
Their intent was to discover how male couples function in everyday life in terms of domestics, finances, sexuality and relationship issues.
What actually emerged from the study was a groundbreaking discovery that regardless of the differences between men, their relationships pass through typical developmental stages in the same way individuals grow and develop.
McWhirter and Mattison share their research findings in this book and identify six separate developmental stages gay male couples go through that's essential for the growth and healthy maturation of their relationship.
"Each stage can become a building
block to subsequent phases."
The six stages are labeled as:
 1. "Blending" in year one
 2. "Nesting" in years two and three
 3. "Maintaining" in years four and five
 4. "Building" in years six through 10
 5. "Releasing" in years 11 through 20
 6. "Renewing" in years 20 and beyond
McWhirter and Mattison describe the various characteristics that are reminiscent of each of the stages, which also can become building blocks and bridges toward passage to subsequent phases and can identify other influences and possible crises or challenges that are common.
These oftentimes are inherent in the growing pains necessary for the development and health of the relationship and the partners within the system as well. Here is an article that details these stages.
Not every couple will mirror this model
Not every couple will mirror this model
Jesse Tyler Ferguson, of "Modern Family," with his husband, Justin Mikita.
However, this framework provides instrumental findings that not only dispel common myths and misconceptions that abound about gay relationships but also provides a valuable structure to help educate couples about the possible challenges they have, are currently or will eventually encounter.
This information could possibly help yield more positive outcomes for the maintenance of relationships through conflict that might ordinarily spell their demise due to increased awareness, preventative troubleshooting and skills-building to aid in more smooth transitions through such developmental challenges.
The stage model also provides positive normalization for gay couples and could be helpful to couples of other sexual orientations and relationship styles as well.
The anecdotal stories and case examples in the book also provide helpful supportive illustrations of points made and could be deemed inspirational and validating for couples. It's a highly educational read!
Another relationship model I like that speaks more toward heterosexual relationships, though it has some relevance and applicability to gay relationships, is the Knapp Relational Stages Model. Here is an article that describes the stages in this particular model.
How does this model resonate with you?
Want to play around with it and have some fun
This first link showcases the various stages of the model with snippets from popular movie scenes that depict all of the relationship phases.
This second link has you practice identifying the various stages as you watch snippets from the popular TV show "The Office" to add a little humor and enjoyment to this process!
What are your thoughts about relationship development stage models? What stage are you and your boyfriend/partner negotiating at this time? How can this help you navigate your relationship journey ahead?
Photo sources: nydailynews.com, chicagomag.com


text:
From The Foundry MODO SDK wiki
Forms are displayed in Form View viewports. These viewports exist in layouts, and are common in modo.
Forms can be edited in two ways:
- Through the Form Editor, a tree-based interface for defining and grouping forms and their associated commands.
- Through hand-editing of Config files, for more advanced users.
- Form Categories and Groups provide a straight-forward mechanism to add a form to the beginning or end of another form without modifying the parent, and a way to organize forms within the Form Editor.
- Form Developer Commands to simply exporting specific forms into your own config files and to aid in message table generation.
- Form Filtering


text:
- The act of taking a disc that is intended for another player. Most often this happens in a mob-op during a pass. As the disc travels across a jam to it's intended target another player steps in front and makes a play on the disc. Often the intended target player will not have time to react and will make the form of a catch, though the disc is no longer coming. Also, the person poaching will often cause a drop or break in flow because they had to move out of position to get the disc. Basic lane awareness can help reduce poaching. Note that if a player attempts a hoop but accidentally touches the disc, causing a drop, this is not considered poaching. Rather, a failed hoop or leg over is called Defense, or "nice D".
Example: Hey, you poached my lane. I had a gitis lined up.
- To accidentally bend a flying disc in half, creating the shape of a taco shell. This usually happens during a drop. The player attempts a leaping under the leg catch but misses. As the disc hits the ground the player's extended leg comes down on top of the disc and forcefully bends it in half. To taco a disc is especially disheartening because the disc will probably have a wobble from then on.
Example: Oh no, you just tacoed our competition disc!
Photo by Kristýna Landová
- A drop is anytime the disc unintentionally lands on the ground. That definition seems obvious but the drop has a deeper importance. Freestyle Frisbee is all about mastery of the flying disc. Players try to push themselves and the disc to the limits of what is physically possible, always looking for a new trick. There is a certain high that comes from seemingly defying gravity and doing the impossible through one's own will. A drop is a cruel reminder that the control we all seek might just be an illusion.
Example: That drop was caused by a sudden gust of gravity.
- A group of Freestyle Frisbee players playing together in a spontaneous manner. Players typically stand close together, usually in a circle or a line though there are no specific rules on this. Basically, they are playing an advanced game of catch, using the depth of their skill to string combinations of tricks together. Often times a single throw is passed between many players before it is caught. The term comes from Jazz where a group of musicians are playing music spontaneously. This is not the same as practice where players have an intended goal in mind. For example, a team may be preparing for a competition, going through choreography or repetitive routine rehearsal.
Ex. What time is the jam today?
- A term that describes the level of restriction for a given Frisbee trick. The disc must travel "through the window" for the trick to be completed. For example, an under the leg catch requires the disc to pass completely under the leg before it is caught. This is a relatively large window since; the leg does not restrict hand movement, hand movement does not restrict leg movement, there is ample space between the leg and the ground, and body timing is fairly simple. A flamingitosis, on the other hand, has a very small window since; body position restricts hand movement and timing must be precise for the disc to fall into the hand.
- Alternate term for a Hoop.
- A specific type of hooped pass where the hoop is created by assuming a bad attitude position.
Example: How did she get the disc through that tiny window?
Sam's third reglue attempt. It took 5 attempts before this nail stayed on.
Nail Hell (adjective)
Nail Hell describes the feeling when one's freestyle frisbee nails repeatedly pop off during the jam. There is disagreement in the community as to whether it takes two or three losses of the nail for one to officially be in Nail Hell. Either way, Nail Hell is especially miserable because the desire to jam is always strongest when others are jamming in plain view. Yet, if the nails will not stay on, one must sit down and reglue.
Example: I always end up in Nail Hell when the weather is cold like this.
See also: Boosh, Condo
Third World (adjective)
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Third World is the third spin, or end over end. Any spin that is not clock or counter may be considered third world.
Example: I am working on a Third World Scarecrow.
See also: Counter, Clock.
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Short for clockwise. When describing spin direction, it is customary to use a top down perspective of the disc. A disc that appears to be spinning clock from the top will appear to be spinning counter from the bottom, hence the top down perspective is used no matter the vantage point. When a disc is upside down, the top down perspective is still used. Thus when a disc is turned over, its spin direction reverses. For a disc that is tilted, use the side that is the most upward. For a disc that is perfectly perpendicular to the ground, use the top side of the disc.
Example: Throw me some clock.
See also: Counter, Third World.


Hot News >
The Proper Role of Science: Sir Peter Gluckman
posted Mar 6, 2017, 2:49 PM by SOS SaveOceanScience [ updated Mar 6, 2017, 2:50 PM ]
The Proper Role of Science: Sir Peter Gluckman
( REUTERS/Chaiwat Subprasom )
Listen to Full Episode 54:00
The Harper government muzzled scientists. Donald Trump's administration is now doing the same. But a better relationship between science and government is possible. Sir Peter Gluckman is the Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of New Zealand. This episode draws on a conversation he had with host Paul Kennedy and a talk he gave organized by Canadian Science Policy Centre, and hosted by the Institute for Science Society and Policy at the University of Ottawa. His point: science's proper role is to help decision-makers make scientifically-informed decisions.
Science is in trouble: it's under attack from the outside and elitist on the inside. So what should science be doing?
01:19 01:19
Science in a troubled age
"Is scientific advice of any value at all? If experts in a post-trust, post-truth world are marginalised as elites and can't solve our problems anyhow, do they have any value? In my opinion, scientific advice in this context is more important than ever...
Scientific uncertainties can be inappropriately exploited and injected into complex societal debates. We've seen many values debates obscured by inappropriate co-option of science to avoid the values debate. We've seen that in climate change, where there wasn't really a lot of debate over anthropogenic climate change for a long time. But there were awkward economic debates to be had. We're seeing it over the safety of genetically modified foods and so forth. And I think this issue of science being misused as a proxy for societal values-based debate is very bad. I think it short-changes democracy."
Science as elitist
"The scientific community is not beyond reproach. Science can get easily caught up in an elitist framing, particularly when we're arrogant. Because we must admit that science cannot solve every problem. Nor can we claim that it does. Nor can we claim that we know better than politicians how to solve the problems of the world.
We've seen many examples of scientists expressing considerable hubris and arrogance in trying to say they know what to do and ignoring the many other dimensions of addressing a problem. And of course, science is not the only input into policy-making."
Science vs common sense
"I think the issue [is] how you interpret the data. For example, you could pour a whole of the data into a computer and it might turn out something like: "where people eat more ice cream, there are more burglaries" -- to use a silly example. It doesn't mean that ice cream eating causes people to be naughty and steal things. What it's just telling you is there's a confounder, and the confounder is on hot days, people leave their windows open, and where windows are open, burglars are more likely to enter them.
You can't look at data without having an understanding of the system within which the data is looking. And particularly, just using that simple example, if you knew nothing about anything else you might naively think that eating ice cream caused people to become burglars.
But when you get into things like the relationship between poverty and crime, or environmental contamination and ill health, these issues become really important. And you have to have expert domain knowledge to interpret what the data might be saying to you, and to ask the right questions of the data."
Making science accessible
"I think if we go back to when I was a young scientist -- which was a few decades ago -- I think those scientists [who] appeared in the media were seen to be show ponies. It was disregarded. They lost respect from their colleagues. Now I think we understand that scientists who are good communicators are critical parts of the relationship between science and the rest of society. And that relationship is critical if science is to be well-used by society."
Scientists as knowledge brokers
"Scientists especially in the brokerage role need to recognize that in a democracy, policymakers have the right to ignore -- but hopefully not to deny -- the evidence, even if in my view it's unwise and ultimately counterproductive to do so. But the reasons they might ignore the evidence might involve many values-based considerations that scientific knowledge could inform but cannot resolve: political ideology, public opinion, fiscal consequences, diplomatic consequences, etc. The nature of democracy means that there are always multiple trade-offs at play in every decision a government makes, and different stakeholders have very different perspectives."


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A bioterrorist attack which could wipe out 30 million people is becoming increasingly likely because it is easier than ever to create and spread deadly pathogens, Bill Gates has warned. The Microsoft Founder, who was speaking ahead of speech at the Royal United Services Institute in London (RUSI), warned that an outbreak of a lethal respiratory virus like smallpox would be more dangerous than even a nuclear attack. Mr Gates, whose charitable foundation funds research into quickly spotting outbreaks, said it was more important than ever to help foreign countries monitor diseases to prevent a global tragedy.
"Bioterrorism is a much larger risk than a pandemic," he said. "All these advances in biology have made it far easier for a terrorist to recreate smallpox, which is a highly fatal pathogen, where there is essentially no immunity remaining at this point. "When you are thinking about things that could cause in excess of 10 million deaths, even something tragic like a nuclear weapons incident wouldn't get to that level. So the greatest risk is from a natural epidemic or an intentionally caused infection bioterrorism events. READ MORE


Dogs In National Parks – Why You Can't Take Them
This is probably a question you are asking yourself frequently, we know we were for a while there. All we wanted to do was take our four-legged buddies out on an adventure with us, without being slapped with a fine. Let's face it, most of us who are wanting to take our dogs out are responsible dog owners, right?
Unfortunately, that's not the case most of the time as we've discovered and that's not the only reason why pets aren't allowed in national parks.
Irresponsible Dog Owners:
Irresponsible dog owners are probably one of the major reasons we are no longer able to take our buddies out on walks to these magical places. Most of us are happy to clean up after our friends, keep them on a leash, pack them some food and water and ensure that they don't wander away or hurt the flora and fauna, while many other owners aren't so happy to do that.
Native Animals:
Australian animals haven't really had to worry much about predators and with recent species introduced to the environment, they now have a reason to worry. Cats and dogs are killing off the native animals, even causing them to flee their homes. The smell and sight of dogs are enough to cause these native animals stress, even in some cases abandoning their young. Although your dog may be super placid, it's enough to really to cause stress to these animals.
In addition to this, native animals can also easily catch diseases and viruses that dogs carry, so it's important to limit their exposure to them as much as possible.
National Parks often set out fox baits throughout the park to try and eliminate the fox population and other introduced species. That means if your pup eats some of these baits or ate an animal that has come in contact with them, it's likely to become very fatal for your pet. So for your dog's safety, this is a key reason why they are not permitted in the parks.
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Apart from obvious injuries like your dog falling from cliffs or getting lost and dehydrated, dogs in national parks are banned over the risk of injury from native animals too. Animals such as snakes can kill within minutes and in most cases, dogs try to protect their owners so they purposefully seek out these predators.
Kangaroos can also be dangerous to a dog when threatened, not only because of their sharp claws but also because if they are near water, they can try and drown your pet if it's lured to the water.
One of the final reasons why dogs aren't permitted in national parks is health risks to your pet. Shrubbery and amongst the flora are the ideal places for ticks to hide and can easily sneak into your pups fur. Paralysis ticks can be fatal to dogs so it's important to keep an eye out if you are taking your dog out in the bush. Dogs can also burn their paws walking over hot rocks and sand in summer and may slip on rocks in some locations you choose to visit.
What's the consequence of taking my dog in a National Park?
You can be fined for taking your pet into National Parks and the fee varies depending on the location, number of animals and if the area is protected or not. The park rangers are the ones who will issue you the fines and in only certain circumstances, are animals exempt from the rule. You can read more about the rules and consequences of taking your dogs into national parks on the NSW government website.
5 thoughts on "Dogs In National Parks – Why You Can't Take Them"
 1. Simon Carter says:
 I think it's far too strict.
 I have two dogs and I don't like that all the great national parks in Australia are off limits to me
 Why can't I have them on a leash at all times?
 My dogs are my family, if i see little kids running around destroying the park, killing animals, throwing rocks at birds, destroying living trees then why can't we also ban kids from national parks, yes ALL of them because of a very small minority? Wouldn't that be an outrage!
 So why do we do it for dogs when a very tiny minority are the ones acting up?
 2. Stefan says:
 I know exactly where you are coming from Simon. I have my little dog who goes everywhere I do but because of the powers that be will not allow dogs in the national parks but quads, horses and foreign mining companies are. I think many people are discouraged to go anywhere with their companions but feral children and wild all ages parties are ok and if good minerals are found they will bend and break the rules for mining. I live on rural acreage in Queensland with a state park behind me and there are people with guns, motorbikes chewing up the roads and the 4WD muppets destroying the area most of the local wildlife ends up in the local properties, all welcomed, and my little dog walks right through them and they barely bat an eye lid. Simply the powers that be will allow any one in with enough money and will torment the average person who lives with the land. In some ways there needs to be a referendum on the laws in national parks and they need to start looking at opening this amazing land to locals.
 3. M Graham says:
 We live within a Nationa Park on the Mid North Coast. Your dogs and visitors with dogs are a threat to our Native Marsupials. Dogs barking terrorise Native Animals forcing them to flee and throw their babies. People are now ignorant as to the threats to our Native Marsupials and need to be re educated.
 Dogs do not belong anywhere near National Parks. These laws and fines need to be increased to drive home the damage these selfish people cause to others by their ignorance.
 4. A says:
 M Graham… And diesel 4WD and humans don't cause this either? Yet both are allowed in National Parks. I've seen big adolescent parties in National Parks, children screaming whilst chasing a Goanna, and that's alright somehow, with no fines, yet responsible dog owners don't even have a channel to apply for 24/48/72 hour passes?
 You're seeing the worst in dogs/owners, and your thought process is damaging to the responsible ones. Before pushing responsible dog owners down a hole, how about you start with irresponsible people without dogs first.
 It's people like you that obstruct a channel for others to establish a system allowing responsible owners to potentially book in advance, pay a fee, establish breed/age/microchip number and sign a waiver about cleaning and being on a leash. Then, people like you would be able to argue for harsher punishments for those not obeying the rules, as there'd now be a system in place to follow that could benefit responsible dog owners.
 Be open my man. Don't have a narrow mind. -A
 5. Jamie says:
 You miss the point. There is no system in which someone can take a dog into a National Park, leash or no leash that does not have an impact. Comparing one act that is bad to another act that is bad doesn't make it a better act either. The fact is the scent of a dog has implications for the wildlife. Do you understand this? A dog may also carries diseases that would otherwise not be in these areas. Additionally a dog can go with you places said 4WDs cannot which is even worse because the last refuges in which these animals can seek safety is then disturbed. I am an avid dog lover unfortunately our national parks are not for them. If we lived somewhere like Canada where there are naturally predators then it's all good although then you run the risk of having a dog attacked by said predators. Enjoy what you can of what is made available such as state forest etc and if you have any respect for nature then keep dogs out of national parks
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How to use a system font for rendering text
Fonts, Manipulate PDF
This code sample shows how you can render text using a system font.
Rendering of text in PDFRasterizer.NET and PDFControls.NET
By default, PDFRasterizer.NET and PDFControls.NET render text as curves (paths) that are filled with a particular color. Any font information that is present in the PDF document gets interpreted and transformed into curves, and then rendered.
We do this, because this results in the most accurate representation of the text. Windows does not support all font types that are possible in a PDF document. So we cannot always tell.NET to render the fonts for us.
There are however cases that it makes sense to have text rendered as system fonts. For example to speed up print jobs as explained in the article named how to speed up print jobs.. This code sample will show you how to do this exactly.
Below we will just talk about PDFRasterizer.NET, but it applies to PDFControls.NET as well.
The UseOSFont sample
The following snippets comes from the UseOSFont sample that is included in the PDFRasterizer.NET distribution. This sample shows how you can use the ResolveFont event to map PDF fonts to system fonts. The first step is to assign a handler for this event before rendering.
1 renderSettings1 = new RenderSettings(); 2 renderSettings1.TextSettings.ResolveFont += new ResolveFontEventHandler(TextSettings1_ResolveFont);
The handler itself will be called whenever a PDF font needs to be rendered. It will pass information about this font in the event arguments. In addition it will pass information about the way that it is going to be rendered (in the FontRenderMode), and where the font definition has been obtained (in the FontLocation). The handler can inspect this information and change it in order to request a different way of rendering.
The code below will first check if the font information already originates from a system font. If not, it will set the RenderMode to RenderAsFont and set the SystemFontName. This will cause the rendering system to look up this font and avoid rendering it as curves.
1 void TextSettings1_ResolveFont(TextRenderSettings sender, ResolveFontEventArgs args) 2 { 3 if (args.FontLocation!= FontLocation.System) 4 { 5 args.FontRenderMode = FontRenderMode.RenderAsFont; 6 7 if (args.PdfFontName.EndsWith("Bold")) 8 { 9 args.Bold = true; 10 } 11 12 args.SystemFontName = "Arial"; 13 } 14 }
Please note that certain combinations are not supported currently. For system fonts the FontRenderMode cannot be set to RenderAsCurves. If an inappropriate combination is used, the ResolveFont event will be raised again, allowing the application to correct the requested render mode. For details please see the reference guide that is included in PDFRasterizer.NET.


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The salt effects on phase equilibrium and dynamical properties of pig vitreous body was studied by the macroscopic observation of the swelling behavior and dynamic light scattering under various conditions. It was found that the vitreous body collapses with maintaining the shape when the concentrations of salts (NaCl, CaCll2, and MgCl2) were changed. From the observations of the dynamics of light scattered by the pig vitreous body, intensity autocorrelation functions that revealed two diffusion coefficients, Dfast and Dslow were obtained. We developed the theory for describing the density fluctuation of the entities in the vitreous gel system with sodium hyaluronate filled in the meshes of the collagen fiber network. The dynamics of collagen and sodium hyaluronate explains two relaxation modes of the fluctuation. The diffusion coefficient of collagen obtained from Dfast and Dslow is very close to that in aqueous solution, which suggests the vitreous body is in the swollen state. Divergent behavior in the measured total scattered light intensities and diffusion coefficients upon varying the concentration of salt was observed. Namely, a slowing down of the dynamic modes accompanied by increased "static" scattered intensities was observed. This is indicative of the occurrence of a phase transition upon salt concentration.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Materials Chemistry


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|Back to Taking Notes Lesson Plan|
Use crayons or markers to teach note-taking skills.
note taking, notes, study skills, research, Earhart, theme
About the Lesson
This lesson employs a brief biography of Amelia Earhart as the starting point for note-taking exercises. The Earhart biography is only a suggested starting point for this lesson, however. You can substitute any piece of literature for the selection, or provide additional note-taking practice by repeating this lesson with a variety of content-rich, subject-related reading material.
Very often, students read for a specific purpose rather than general information. For example, if students are working on reports about the causes of the Civil War, they will likely skim many Civil War resources to find the sections of those resources about the specific topic. That means students will be "eliminating" a lot of information as they skim for details about the causes of the war.
In this activity, students skim a brief biography of Amelia Earhart -- or another reading selection of your choice -- to locate specific information related to the focus of their search.
If you use the brief biography of Amelia Earhart, provide each student with a copy of that bio page. Then you might
Whichever topic students tackle, they skim their copy of the biography for information related to the topic. They then use a crayon to underline -- or a highlighting marker to highlight -- information that supports the topic. The highlighted text provides a visual representation of the "notes" students might write if they were using library resources to research the topic.
When students complete their highlighting, have them use the most important highlighted information to write in their own words a concise paragraph on their assigned topic or theme.
After completing this activity, you might encourage students to go beyond the one-page biography and do more in-depth research using library or Internet resources. Provide each student with a different topic to research, for example:
AssessmentGive students a clean copy of a brief biography of Amelia Earhart and have them cross out all but the most important information related to the following topic:
Reasons Many People Think Amelia Earhart Is a HeroThe following might be among the phrases in the biography article that will be highlighted in marker or underlined in crayon:
Lesson Plan Source
Note: This lesson is loosely based on the Trash-N-Treasure technique. Teacher Barbara Jansen wrote Reading for Information: The Trash-N-Treasure Method of Teaching Note-Taking, an in-depth article about this unique note-taking strategy.
LANGUAGE ARTS: English
GRADES K - 12
NL-ENG.K-12.1 Reading for Perspective
NL-ENG.K-12.2 Reading for Understanding
NL-ENG.K-12.3 Evaluation Strategies
NL-ENG.K-12.4 Communication Skills
NL-ENG.K-12.5 Communication Strategies
NL-ENG.K-12.6 Applying Knowledge
NL-ENG.K-12.8 Developing Research Skills
NL-ENG.K-12.12 Applying Language Skills
Click here to return to this week's Note Taking lesson plan page.


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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
The Laksamana (Jawi: لقسامان) is a position within the armed forces, similar to the position of admiral in Malay sultanates and in present-day countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. The word Laksamana originated from Lakshmana, a figure in the Hindu epic of Ramayana.
The Laksamana in the Malacca Sultanate was in charge for the sea security of the Sultanate, and most importantly, the China-India trade route within the Straits of Malacca. That trade route was the lifeline of the Empire. He was in full command of the Malaccan fleet, outranked only by the Bendahara and the Sultan.
Malacca's most famous Laksamana is Hang Tuah.
In modern times, the word refers to a rank in the Indonesian Navy, Royal Brunei Navy, and in Malaysia by the Royal Malaysian Navy and Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (the Malaysian Coast Guard).
The common grades for "Laksamana" title are:
- Laksamana Pertama (lit. "First Admiral", a one-star rank, Rear Admiral or Commodore)
- Laksamana Muda (lit. "Young Admiral", "Rear Admiral", a two-star rank)
- Laksamana Madya (lit. "Middle Admiral", "Vice Admiral", a three-star rank)
- Laksamana ("Admiral", a four-star rank)
- Laksamana Armada (lit."Fleet Admiral", a five-star rank used by Royal Malaysian Navy)
A five-star rank has been established by Indonesian Navy, known as "Laksamana Besar" ("Grand Admiral"). Nobody has yet been awarded this rank and it is reserved for such a person with a great service and achievement to the Navy. The term has also be used by normal civilians in referring to a person commanding a number of ships.


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A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich examines questions of human relationships, self-image, racial identity, and personal commitment while telling the story of one boy's struggle against drug addiction. Filled with interesting, realistic characters, Childress's story deals honestly and believably with difficult questions.
From the first, the novel demands the reader's intelligent participation. Many characters present conflicting views of racial experiences, poverty, and drug use. The reader must evaluate each point of view, allowing for the personal bias of each. The...
(The entire page is 185 words.)
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Mothers Who Make
Mothers Who Make
Lizzy Humber Producer MWM
 Mothers Who Make is a growing national initiative aimed at supporting mothers who are artists - professional and/or passionate – writers, painters, actors, dancers, musicians, film-makers....every kind of maker is welcomed, and every kind of mother.
MWM was born in London in 2014 with Theatre Maker and Improbable Associate Director, Matilda Leyser. The initiative grew from Leyser's sense of there being experiences and challenges specific to being both a mother and an artist. She noticed many parallels between the two roles: both are concerned with creativity and play, both require stamina, patience, sensitivity, both keep her up at night. At the same time she was struck by the strength of the cultural assumption that the two were incompatible: she was told she must compromise on either her creative work or her mothering. She wanted to challenge this. She put out an invitation to mother-artists, across art forms, to join a peer support group to which they could also bring their children of any age. The response has been extraordinary.
MWM has rapidly spread across the country. There are currently regular peer-support groups meeting at 22 major arts-related venues in different regions, with more groups in the process of starting across the UK in 2019.
How does MWM work?
MWM meetings take place monthly in an arts-related venue. It is critical that the meeting is given the status of a participatory workshop, a rehearsal or class. A local mother-artist acts as a facilitator and participants are supported to exchange and work in a variety of ways. They explore emergent themes in their mothering and their making, points of connection between the two roles, points of dissonance, particular challenges, helpful resources. Examples of recent themes include: how to change and maintain your practice; the positive impact of motherhood on your work; housework – who does it?!
Every MWM meeting models a rare space in which participants are recognized and valued equally in their dual roles of mother and artist. The sessions are adult-centred but children are welcome to attend. Each MWM group shares a common ethos and practice but is able to grow and develop in response to the needs and interests of the regional artists that attend it. We want as many people as possible to be part of the unfolding MWM conversations. We do not seek to define who is a'mother' or an 'artist'. Our reach is across generations and artforms - we are thrilled by the plurality of voices that are part of this discussion.
United Kingdom
Organization Website
info, "Mothers Who Make," Artist Parent Index, accessed May 15, 2021,
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My Paternal Lineage - a Memory of Leatherhead.
My paternal grandparents lived and worked at Polesden Lacey from circa 1899 to 1906, under, first, Sir Clinton Dawkins and then later Mrs Greville.
Their first born was at a large house in Leatherhead; their second born was in the house of Polesden Lacey itself.
They left Surrey at that time and their other children, one of which was my father, were born in Shropshire.
Stories told on the hearth, abound re their time in Surrey, the lanes and places nearby -such as Ranmore Common. Another age, another world, but we keep it in our memories.
A memory shared by Edward Penning on Nov 5th, 2013. Send Edward Penning a message
 Comments & Feedback
Thu Apr 27th 2017, at 12:50 pm
mawigmore commented:
Hi Edward,
Does your family history of Polesden mention the rebuilding of the bridge over Connicut Lane? This would have been around 1903. I have access to the censuses of the time if you'd like me to look them up.
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This week's Places


How Long Do Ants Live: The Life Cycle of an Ant
Home / Blog / Ant Life Cycle – Exploring the Different Stages
Ant Life Cycle – Exploring the Different Stages
By: Rita Stadler
How long do ants live and what makes up the different stages of their life cycle? These are the kind of endless questions an inquisitive preschooler might ask after spotting some of these critters in the kitchen.
Being interrogated by a curious kid (or anybody else) while trying to deal with a black garden ant infestation is pretty darn stressful, so we've broken down the answers to all your burning questions, and we've even got a few tips to help get rid of them, too!
Life Cycle of an Ant
Of the at least 12,000 different species of ants in the world, just a few hundred are found in the United States. Less than half of those ant species are known to be pests to homeowners. All of that means there is a wide variety in ant life cycles depending on species and habitat. The following information provides a general summary of the types that homeowners are most likely to encounter.
An ant life cycle is made up of four stages and can take between 6-10 weeks to complete and reach adulthood:
 - Egg
 - Larvae
 - Pupae
 - Adult
Ants begin their lives as eggs. When an ant egg is fertilized it becomes a female. However, unfertilized eggs become male ants. Eggs are very small and oval-shaped. They are sticky, which makes it easier for them to be carried away if the nest is in danger
Ant larvae look like tiny little worms, with no eyes or legs. Molting, or shedding their skin, multiple times as they grow larger, larvae are like eating machines. Larvae eat constantly while growing rapidly, but they rely on adult worker ants to bring them food. Once the larva is big enough, it will form a cocoon around itself and go through metamorphoses, becoming a pupa.
The cocoon stage of development for an ant is known as the pupal state. Inside the cocoon, they continue to develop and start to darken in color. After completing the pupal stage, a fully formed adult will emerge.
Adult ants
Ants have a hard exoskeleton, six legs, and a body that is segmented into three regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains mouthparts that are used for eating and excavating, as well as two antennae which are sensory organs. Antennae are essential for their sense of smell and touch. Ants use their sense of smell to lead others to food sources, to recognize friends or enemies, and to establish territorial boundaries. Males and queens are the only ones that have wings, while workers are wingless. Their color depends on their species, but they are usually black, brown, or red.
How Long Do Ants Live?
Ant colonies are divided into three castes, or groups: queens, males, and workers. Their lifespan depends on the group they belong to. Queen ants can live for years, even decades while workers can live anywhere from a few months to a couple years. This depends on their species and if they are male or female.
Queen ants
Queen ants are the biggest of all the castes, and live longer than the other castes. Pharaoh ant queens may live for 2-3 years, but carpenter ant queens have been known to live for up to 20 years! Some types of ants have only one queen per colony, but other types have multiple queens in the same colony.
Queens are the only ones that can have babies or lay eggs. You will probably never see a pregnant ant because a queen only has one job (making more ants) and is protected by the colony. She spends her entire life laying eggs. If you ever do encounter a queen, it is probably during the nuptial flight. When weather conditions are just right, usually in the hot and humid conditions following rain, the nuptial flight occurs. Unmated queens and mature males take flight to mate. Males die immediately after mating, while queens seek out a new nesting site to start their own colonies. Aside from this mating act, most don't generally fly.
Worker ants
These ants vary in size depending on what their job is – some workers dig tunnels, others care for the eggs, some forage for food, and the largest ones defend the entire colony. Worker ant lifespans vary by species. Pharaoh ant workers may only live 9-10 weeks, but carpenter ant workers can live for years.
As you can see, these pests are a complex and fascinating group of organisms.
If you're having a problem with infestations around your home, find out how to naturally get rid of ants with humane pest control options.
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Cornflour oz sugars to gr converter for culinary teaching and diet.
cornflour conversion
Breadcrumbs: main Flours menucornflour menuOunces of sugars
Amount: 1 ounce of sugar (oz sugars) of cornflour mass
Equals: 15,432,358.35 grains (gr) in cornflour mass
cornflour from ounce of sugar to grain Conversion Results:
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Work out grains of cornflour per 1 ounce of sugar unit. The cornflour converter for chefs and bakers, culinary arts classes, students and for home use.
CONVERT : between other cornflour measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
The all flour types converter
Convert cornflour culinary measuring units between ounce of sugar (oz sugars) and grains (gr) of cornflour but in the other direction from grains into ounces of sugars.
Culinary arts school: cornflour conversion
Other applications of this cornflour converter are...
One ounce of sugar of cornflour converted to grain equals to 15,432,358.35 gr
How many grains of cornflour are in 1 ounce of sugar? The answer is: The change of 1 oz sugars ( ounce of sugar ) unit in a cornflour measure equals = into 15,432,358.35 gr ( grain ) as per the equivalent measure and for the same cornflour type.
Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking a measure of cornflour can be crucial. If there is an exact measure in oz sugars - ounces of sugars for cornflour, it's the rule in culinary career, that the ounce of sugar portion number gets converted into gr - grains of cornflour absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly.
Conversion for how many grains, gr, of cornflour are contained in a ounce of sugar, oz sugars? Or, how much in grains cornflour in 1 ounce of sugar? To link to this cornflour - ounce of sugar to grains on line culinary converter for the answer, simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: Culinary cornflour from ounce of sugar (oz sugars) into grains (gr) conversion.


tübinger-seedballs for diversity
HOW TO MAKE SEEDBALLS? Seedballs consist of mixing one measure of seeds for next season's crop with 3 measures of compost and 5 measures of red clay, and sometimes manure then formed into small balls. Much less seed is used than in conventional growing, resulting in fewer plants which are smaller but stronger with a higher yield. The technique is useful for seeding thin and compacted soils, and avoiding seed eaters. It is an ancient technique that was re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka, an advocate of natural farming.
Seedballs and seedbombing are perfect tools to put guerilla gardening into practice. Guerrilla gardening is political gardening, a form of direct action, primarily practiced by environmentalists. It is related to land rights, land reform, and permaculture. Activists squat an abandoned piece of land which they do not own to grow crops or plants. Guerrilla gardeners believe in re-considering land ownership in order to reclaim land from perceived neglect or misuse and assign a new purpose to it.
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Relief Valve Discharge Piping
Anyone out there can help me with this. In ASME B31.1 Appendix II there is a method for Relief Valve Discharge Piping Design. One of the equations is to determine the pressure at the vent exit P3. In certain cases P3 calculated by this equation can be less than atmospheric (14.7 Psia). From other sources I have come across, if this occurs in the pipework sizing then the exit pressure P3 must be set to atmospheric (14.7 Psia) and the process is to work backwards along the pipe to determine if the calculated pressure drop causes a problem. My problem is that ASME B31.1 does not warn the user that if the calculated value of P3 is less than atmospheric then P3 must be set to atmospheric.The example given is such that P3 is well above the atmospheric pressure hence no problem.
If I consider the other sources then by setting P3 to atmospheric, then calculate P2,V2 and check for blowback then you get a problem. On the other hand if you use the calculated value of P3 and calculate P2,V2 then blowback is not a problem. Please advise.
This kind of problem always exist if the capacity and orifice size are high and set pressure as well as back pressure of the safety valve are very low. Outlet size of the safety valve becomes large with the low back pressure. According to my experience, you can solve your problem in two ways:
1. Reduce pressure drop of the discharge pipe by shortening the length, eliminating miters or elbows and selecting discharge pipe diameter as large as possible ( however this does not work all the time due to blowback calculation ). Most of the cases we need to provide a silencer due to noise problem. Limiting pressure drop on the silencer might be helpfull.
2. Basicaly, this is a valve
selection problem. Increasing the back pressure ( for example from 10%
to 25% ) of the safety valve will solve the problem. Sometimes, getting
two smaller valves instead of single valve may be adequate. In both
cases, you need to consult your SV supplier.
I guess your calculation is on a spreadsheet. If you make a couple iterations by changing the variables ( diameter of the discharge duct,losses,the back pressure of the safety valve, capacity, valve outlet size)you can see the behaviour of the system. If you can see what makes your calculation ineffective than you can eliminate your problem easily.
I hope this helps. If you need further help, let me know the details about the system and the safety valve.


text:
State Assessed Property Appeals
In accordance with Article XIII, section 19 of the California Constitution, the Board of Equalization assesses certain public utility and other properties, specified below, and allocates the assessed values among the counties where the properties are physically located. Each county taxes the allocated value of state-assessed properties at the same rate as locally assessed properties.
State-assessed properties include:
- Pipelines, flumes, canals, ditches, and aqueducts lying within two or more counties and
- Property (except franchises) owned or used by regulated railway, telegraph, or telephone companies; railroad car companies operating on railways in the state; and companies transmitting or selling gas or electricity.


A model of a practical Ruthroff 1:4 balun
Clive Ruthroff described several baluns and ununs in his article 'Some Broad-Band Transformers' published in 1959.
One particular configuration, the 1:4 balun is of particular interest because it underlies many other configurations, and understanding it helps towards understanding the other configurations. Further, this balun or constructs of this balun are widely used, though often not identified as such in descriptions or circuits.
Ruthroff's own explanation, and it seems many of those who came after him deal with the balun by simplification to equivalent circuits at low and high frequencies. Whilst Ruthroff's article predicts insertion loss, it does so for an equivalent circuit that does not include any balun loss elements (eg conductor loss, magnetic core loss).
This article proposes a lossy transmission line model of a practical Ruthroff 1:4 balun that is effective for all frequencies within and immediately adjacent to the pass band. The model is of a two wire transmission line wound around a toroidal ferrite core, and includes:
Such a model can be used for exploring not only variations in design such as different core materials, wire thickness and spacing, number of turns, etc, but exploration of loads other than the nominally matched balanced load.
Equivalent circuit
Ruthroff's equivalent circuit
Fig 1: Ruthroff's equivalent circuit
Fig 1 is Ruthroff's equivalent circuit, Fig 5 from his paper. (The current designations are not used further in this article).
Proposed equivalent circuit
Fig 2 :
Fig 2 shows the proposed equivalent circuit. The transformers T1 and T2 are ideal transformers that are introduced for the purpose of separating the common mode and differential currents. The common mode current is routed through the common mode choke impedance Zc, and the differential current flows in the transmission line TL. The common mode current I3 is the result of components I3/2 which flow into both ends of the left hand winding of T1, and out of both ends of the right hand winding of T2. The differential mode current can be analysed by transmission line equations, and the common mode current can be analysed by lumped component circuit analysis.
Fig 3:
Fig 3 shows the circuit rearranged to eliminate the transformers.
Solution to equivalent circuit
Fig 4:
\[V_1=V_2 cosh(\theta) + I_2Z_0sinh(\theta) \tag{1}\]
\[I_2=\frac{V_1+V_2}{4Zc}+\frac{V_2}{Z_{l_1}} \tag{2}\]
Substituting (2) into (1)...
\[V_1=V_2 cosh(\theta)+\left (\frac{V_1+V_2}{4Z_c}+\frac{V_2}{Z_{l_1}} \right)Z_0 sinh(\theta) \]
Collecting like terms...
\[V_1 \left ( 1-\frac{Z_0}{4Z_c} sinh(\theta) \right )=V_2 \left( cosh(\theta)+ \left ( \frac1{4Z_c}+ \frac1{Z_{l_1}} \right ) Z_0 sinh(\theta) \right )\]
\[\frac{V_2}{V_1}=\frac{1-\frac{Z_0}{4Z_c} sinh(\theta) }{cosh(\theta)+ \left ( \frac1{4Z_c}+ \frac1{Z_{l_1}} \right ) Z_0 sinh(\theta)} \]
Fig 4 is a solution to the proposed equivalent circuit. The quantity θ is the product of γ, the transmission line complex propagation coefficient, and transmission line length. All other currents, voltages, and powers can be derived from the V2/V1 relationship. Note that quantities in Fig 4 may be complex values, and many are frequency dependent.
A worked example
The choke impedance depends on the ferrite core, and its ferrite permeability and loss are frequency dependent.
Fig 5:
Fig 5 shows the characteristics of Fair-rite #43 mix. The choke impedance cannot simply be modelled as a fixed idealised inductor. The model needs to calculate the equivalent series inductive reactance and loss resistance at each frequency of interest. Choke impedance Zc=j*2*π*f*n^2*Alilf*(µ'-jµ'') where Al is inductance for 1 turn at µrilf, and µilf is the initial permeability at low frequency.
Fig 6:
Fig 6 shows the impedance for a 12 turn choke wound on a Fair-rite _PHONE_ (or _PHONE_) #43 core (29mmx19mmx7.5mm). Quantity Z is the magnitude of R+jX.
Another challenge is that transmission line Zo and loss may be influenced by both skin and proximity effect. Skin effect causes the current to flow mainly on the surface of conductors, and proximity effect causes currents in opposite directions to tend to flow mainly on the adjacent surfaces of conductor that are very close together.
Fig 6a:
Fig 6a shows an estimate of Zo based on the log function, the acosh function and a curved derived from Fig 4.23 of Radio Antenna Engineering by Edmund LaPort, 1952. It would appear that LaPort's graph may be a correction to the log function that he gives in the book, and an estimate of the cosh curve. With that consideration, the acosh curve is used in the models.
A proximity resistance correction is calculated using an algorithm from the program line_zin.pas by Reg Edwards (G4FGQ).
Fig 8:
Fig 8 shows a plot of VSWR and loss modelled for a Ruthroff 1:4 balun made with 12 turns of transmission line wound on a Fair-rite _PHONE_ (or _PHONE_) #43 core (29mmx19mmx7.5mm). The transmission line comprises 0.5mm diameter copper conductors spaced 0.6mm centre to centre. Under matched conditions, losses are very low, 2% at worst. Estimating that the core can probably safely dissipate up to 5W, the balun is probably capable of continuous power rating of 250W.
Fig 9:
Fig 9 shows common mode impedance. Common mode impedance is very low, which means that this type of balun does little to impede common mode current, eg on an antenna feed line connected to the balanced port.
References / links
Conclusions are:
Version Date Description
1.01 12/12/2007 Initial.


text:
This instrument performs static gel strength tests on cement slurry samples.Contact Us
The MACS II instrument accepts a sample of cement slurry and applies a controlled set of temperature, agitation, and pressure parameters that simulate the down-hole conditions of a well. During testing, it monitors, controls, and records these parameters to form a data set. This data can then be analyzed to assist in predicting the performance of cement slurry in a well.
This system permits the true simulation of most significant flow process conditions encountered in industrial processing.
Order Part Number 101677665 – MACS II Multiple Analysis (Computer not included)


text:
Purchase this article with an account.
Michelle R. Greene, Aude Oliva; Better to run than to hide: The time course of naturalistic scene decisions. Journal of Vision 2005;5(8):70. doi: 10.1167/5.8.70.
Download citation file:
© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
The perceptual decisions we make during the course of the day engage automatic mechanisms of scene and place recognition: navigating through the environment, searching for an object, etc. However, studies of scene understanding have focused on scene classification; a task that may not reflect what we do in our daily lives. What is the perceptual efficiency of such decisions and to what degree do low-level image features correlate with these judgments? We have selected 3 dimensions that reflect common judgments made through environmental interactions: the degree to which things can be hidden (camouflaged) in a scene, how well one can navigate and the scene temperature. 500 outdoor images were chosen from a database of 5000 images to reflect membership along these dimensions. Images were ranked along each dimension. Subject agreement in ranks was good and around 100 images per dimension were found to be prototypical (low variance at dimension extremes). There was no correlation of image ranks between dimensions, suggesting that the features used or their complexity vary. The prototype images were run in a yes/no task for each dimension with variable presentation times between 20 and 80ms followed by a mask. We found a 15% performance advantage for temperature dimension over the other dimensions at 20ms that vanished by 60ms, suggesting that image features responsible for this task (e.g. color) are available earlier than properties related to the others. Detecting a navigational route had the steepest performance gain (28%) for increasing presentation times, indicating that the relevant features become massively available between 20 and 40ms. Correctly evaluating potentiality for camouflage requires more exposure time as it had a shallower gain over presentation times, indicating an even later availability of pertinent features. We show the extent to which low-level image features are correlated with the degree of temperature, navigation and temperature in a scene.
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text:
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Neuroszars are an artificially-created species using synthetic DNA. Their major trait is the ability to discharge lethal quantities of static electricity from the epidermis of these creatures, utilising the many neurones' impulses to generate the charge they require.
The prototype of these creatures was nothing more than a tissue culture as a proof of concept of the lethality of the charge produced. The 4cm2 sample of tissue was capable of generating 18 milliamps when stimulated. Which is usually far over a lethal charge across the heart for many species on Earth and other planets.
The first Neuroszar species produced was a quadrupedal species, a gloomy, dark grey in colour and had a rather heavy build. Two blue eyes, faintly glowing in a pink colour due to its charge generated. The height of the beast was roughly 5 foot to the shoulder and 11/12 foot from nose to tail,
The type 2 has always been larger in design, it typically reaches just over 6 foot in height and approximately 13 feet in length. the type 2 also sports heavy and highly resilient natural plating.


text:
Effect of District Meter Areas on Water Quality
ISBN: 1 84057 205 1
From the modelling work, case study and discussions with the industry, it is concluded that the net long term effect of creating DMAs does not appear to be detrimental to water quality on a day to day basis. The short term effect of creating DMAs depends on the extent with which the network has a potential to cause water quality problems, eg does it contain deposits and/ or corroding mains. Where these exist it is highly likely that work to install new valves and the set up of the DMA will cause short term discoloured water for some customers.
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The first update of 'Managing Leakage', the 1995 water industry report. Economics of leakage methodology, both short and long term is developed in detail. There are case studies on wholelife costing. Seven key areas of UKWI... More...Price: £50 Add to basket


text:
4 Invaluable IBM Modernization Services And Their Advantages
IBM modernization is a unique transformation process of converting the old legacy systems into something more flexible and agile, blessed with applications that are quite receptive of modern technologies. The transformed apps have better interfaces and improved functionality that attracts more users and helps in popularizing your business by being able to deliver tasks in time. And the means to allow such transformations are modernization tools and services by solution providing companies like Fresche ibm solutions. The modernization services they offer have tremendous benefits and the best 4 such services and their benefits are given below.
- Strategy And Planning Services
Strategy comes way before the implementation of tasks. Companies that focus on roadmapping solutions before rolling them out practically are susceptible to the lesser risk of losses due to project failure. The noteworthy benefits of strategizing first are given below.
- You get to develop a thorough knowledge of your business requirements
- You get to identify what technologies are in compliance with your target
- You can migrate only such technologies that the business is in a requirement of
- Risk analysis can be done before migrating technologies for IBM transformation
- Code And Database Modernizing Services
Databases contain all the information about the company – contacts, clients, shares, and, assets – which is why you should be extra careful while modernizing them. Since legacy languages do not permit integration with modern technologies, they are unable to write codes as good as that by modern ones like.NET and Java. And the benefits of these services by reliable solution providers are given below.
- Offers complete code transformation
- Permits conversion of green screens into UI's that can work on all platforms
- Permits integration of graphical user interface
- The database is redesigned without changing the code after transformation to reduce the maintenance cost
- Staffing Services
Staffing services include training of employees so that they can swiftly learn the details about all modern migrated technologies. The benefits of doing so are given below.
- Estimation of how many employees are required once the transformation takes place
- Saves money by educating employees on how to maximize the productivity of existing apps
- Analyzing Services
Data analysis is the only way to regularly get reports on how is the business fairing after code transformation. The best benefits of regular analysis are given below.
- Ability to decide how many projects can be run simultaneously
- Timely reporting if the projects are proceeding towards timely competition
- Calculating project failure risk
- Regulating finances so that the projects do not overstep the allowed budget


text:
Is there always an influence of shoal size on predator hunting success?
Article first published online: 19 APR 2005
Journal of Fish Biology
Volume 52, Issue 3, pages 494–501, March 1998
How to Cite
Krause, J., Ruxton, G. D. and Rubenstein, D. (1998), Is there always an influence of shoal size on predator hunting success?. Journal of Fish Biology, 52: 494–501. doi: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.1998.tb02012.x
- Issue published online: 19 APR 2005
- Article first published online: 19 APR 2005
- (Received 9 June 1997, Accepted 23 September 1997)
- shoaling behaviour;
- predation risk;
- attack distance;
- Ambloplites rupestris;
- Semotilus atromaculatus
Theoretical and empirical studies predict that there should be a decrease in hunting success of predators with increasing prey group size. Most of these studies investigated situations in which predator and prey were in full view of each other before, during and after an attack. In this study, single rock bass Ambloplites rupestris were given an opportunity to launch surprise attacks at shoals of creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus that ranged in size from two to 13 fish. There was no significant influence of either shoal size or attack distance on predator success rate and no significant relationship between attack distance and shoal size. Furthermore, it was found that the leading fish of a shoal was attacked significantly more often than fish in other shoal positions, indicating that predation risk was not shared equally among shoal members. Also, leading fish in larger shoals (eight to 13 fish) were not more likely to survive a predator attack than ones in small shoals (two to seven fish).The consequences of these results are discussed in the general context of antipredator benefits of grouping.


Entity Framework Dynamically adding Interfaces to model
When working with existing model that is quite big and is being regenerated quite often in cases where abstraction needed it might be costly to manually go around redecorating model with interfaces. In such cases one might want to add some dynamic behavior to model generation.
Following example will show how automatically add interfaces on classes that have specific column names:
In your model go to.tt file modify the EntityClassOpening method in following way, this will add IPolicyNumber interface on entities that have POLICY_NO column, and IUniqueId on UNIQUE_ID
public string EntityClassOpening(EntityType entity)
 var stringsToMatch = new Dictionary { { "POLICY_NO", "IPolicyNumber" }, { "UNIQUE_ID", "IUniqueId" } };
 return string.Format(
 "{0} {1}partial class {2}{3}{4}",
 _code.StringBefore(" : ", _typeMapper.GetTypeName(entity.BaseType)),
 stringsToMatch.Any(o => entity.Properties.Any(n => n.Name == o.Key))? " : " + string.Join(", ", stringsToMatch.Join(entity.Properties, l => l.Key, r => r.Name, (l,r) => l.Value)) : string.Empty);
This is one specific case but it shows a power of being able to modify.tt templates.


text:
Why Brain Matter Tuition?
1. Unlike other tuition centres, we limit our class size to not more than 5. This is so that our teachers can provide personalized attention to individual students as we believe this is why parents send their child for tuition.
2. Brain Matter students receive personalized guidance from their tutors for the subjects they need help in.
3. We also provide prompt feedback to parents to update them about the progress of their child.
Tuition Subjects at Brain Matter
Brain Matter offer a range of subject tuition classes to help you excel in your various subjects. Click on each subject to find out more about the tuition programme.
- Primary School Mathematics
- Lower Secondary School Mathematics
- 'O' Level Secondary School Elementary Mathematics
- 'O' Level Secondary School Additional Mathematics
- Junior College H1/ H2/ H3 Mathematics
- Mathematics for IP
- SL/HL Mathematics for IB
- Polytechnic Engineering Mathematics for NYP
- Primary School English
- Lower Secondary School English
- 'O' Level Secondary English
- Junior College General Paper
- Language Arts for IP/IB
- AEIS English Preparation for International Students
- Upper Primary School Science
- Lower Secondary School Science
- Upper Secondary School Pure/Combined Physics
- Upper Secondary School Pure/Combined Chemistry
- Upper Secondary School Pure/Combined Biology
- Junior College H1/ H2/ H3 Physics
- Secondary Three Social Studies
- Secondary Four/Five Social Studies


text:
In order to calculate the distance from two points in polar coordinates, we use the polar coordinates distance formula. In order to derive the polar coordinates distance formula, we use the law of cosines. We can also use the polar coordinates distance formula to help us come up with the polar equation for a circle centered at the origin.
I want to derive the distance formula in polar coordinates and to do this I'm going to need to recall the law of cosines. If you have a triangle, it's not necessarily a right triangle and you know three, two sides and the angle between them, you can find the third side using this formula, c squared equals a squared plus b squared minus 2ab cosine theta. And again a and b are the 2 known sides, theta's the angle between them.
Alright. Let's look at our picture here. I've graphed 2 points in polar coordinates. One is r1 theta 1, the other's r2 theta 2. I want to fi nd the distance between these points. Now in order to do this I need the length of these 2 sides and I need this angle. Now r2 theta 2 is r2 away from the origin, so that gives me this length as r2. And r1 theta 1 is r1 away from the origin. Theta 2 represents the angle that this point makes with the positive x axis and theta 1 is the angle this would make with the positive x axis. So this angle between them is going to be theta 2 minus theta 1.
So I have 2 sides and the angle between them and I'm ready to use the law of cosines to derive the distance formula. So the distance formula looks like this. d squared equals r1 squared plus r2 squared minus twice the product r1 and r2. 2 r1 r2 times the cosine of the angle between them which is theta 2 minus theta 1. That's it, that's the distance formula. Now obviously you'll take the square root over the result but it's basically in the form of the law of cosines and we'll use this to find the distance between 2 points in polar coordinates.


text:
Woodland Fox is the cunning shape-shifter creature of the woodlands. She peers through the tangled woods, long red tail curling through the bracken ferns, poised, sniffing the autumn air as the resourceful squirrel gathers nuts and the wise hunter owl watches over the mice hidden in the undergrowth. Intelligently negotiating the forces and challenges of the Wilde, the elusive fox is aware and adaptable, providing well for her cubs in her carefully hidden den. Both predator and prey, the skillful fox was known to symbolize the struggle of the ordinary common folk against the feudal barons. Wild, shape-shifter Fox is the wise and shrewd guide through the Mysteries – illuminated by the silver light of the feminine moon. Owl is the solitary wise bird of the night, whose keen sight penetrates the darkness as Squirrel collects the sacred nuts from the Oak Tree – doorway to the Mysteries. Woodpecker's sharp beak taps into the Tree of Life for sustenance as the timid yet resourceful Mice peep out from their burrow in Mother Earth, carrying her secrets from the Underworld. These are our companion guides as we find our path through the often dark, tangled woodlands of our psyche. Llwynog Coch – the beautiful and cunning Red Fox!
Original Design & Text by Jen Delyth ©2011
Featured Artwork Products: Fine Art Print Wall Hanging Bamboo Hoodie artPATCH Bag more...


John Franke jmfranke at cox.net
Sun Jul 1 10:29:41 PDT 2007
The area of a grid square is not uniform, it depends on your latitude. The
"height" of a square formed by latitude and longitude lines is simply the
difference in latitude, in degrees times 60 nautical miles. However the
length of a segment of a latitude line between to longitudes in nautical
miles is approximately the difference in longitudes times 60 times the
cosine of the latitude. Only at the equator, latitude equals zero degrees,
is length of a degree of latitude and a degree of longitude equal. The area
of grid squares decreases as you move north or south away from the equator.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Frank A Cahoy"
To:
Sent: Sunday, July 01, 2007 12:07 PM
Subject: [amsat-bb] Grid Square..Physical Size??
> Hello All,
> Can anyone reading this provide us with those actual numbers?
> Thank you in advance...
> 73 Frank, K0BLT
> _______________________________________________
More information about the AMSAT-BB mailing list


Beading Projects
Back to Tutorials
Stars and Swirls Necklace
You know I love a challenge, right? If I didn't we wouldn't have bought our 1970's original condition home.
When I saw these metal twist beads, I wondered what you would use them for. I pondered this for quite some time.
Finally, I decided that using them as a focal point in a necklace would be a great place to start and so was born the Stars and Swirls Necklace.
This is a really easy piece to make but it packs a real punch. It sits quite high on the neck but you could easily make it longer by adding more of the 3mm bicones and black ball beads at the end.
Here's what you'll need to make this necklace:
Watch the video or read the instructions below.
Step 1
Place the bead stopper on one end of the Tiger Tail.
Step 2
Lay five of the Metal Twist Beads out on your mat and ensure that they are all facing the same way.
Step 3
Thread the centre portion on using the layout diagram below. Repeat until you have strung on five of the Metal Twist Beads, ensuring you have a 3mm ball bead on each end.
Thread on one extra 8mm bicone on each end.
Step 4
Next thread a Metal Twist bead on each end. Twist the Tiger Tail around the Twist bead so that the Tiger Tail runs through the centre of the bead.
Step 5
Thread on 10 of the 3mm black balls and push them inside the Metal Twist bead.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 6
String on one 8mm bicone.
Then repeat 1x 3mm ball, 1x 6mm bicone three times.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 7
Add the 3mm bicone and 3mm balls alternatively until you have eight of each bead. Finish with a ball.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 8
Add the Clasp
Thread on the Carlotte Clamp, Crimp bead and one side of the Toggle Clasp. Then thread the Tiger Tail back down through the Crimp bead, the clamp and three beads.
Pull the Tiger Tail tight enough to bring the beads close but still allow the toggle clasp to move around.
Ensure the crimp bead is sitting inside the clamp. Using your chain nose pliers, squeeze the crimp until it is flat.
Using the chain nose pliers, carefully squeeze the clamp closed around the crimp bead. It should still be round so that it looks a bit like a bead.
Hook the loop of the clamp through the loop of the toggle clasp and squeeze closed. You may need to bend the loop to the right shape to get it through.
Trim off the excess Tiger Tail as close as you can to the beads.
Ensuring that there is no space between the beads, repeat for the other side of the necklace, adding the other piece of the toggle clasp. You should aim to have some movement allowance but no visible spaces between beads.
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