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: the caste title Gounder and the clan name, example Perungudi. Nowadays it is common for people not to use any of these titles. So a Konguvel, son of Shanmuganathan, of say Erode, would call himself Konguvel Shanmughanathan, instead of the traditional Erode Perungudi Konguvel Gounder. This practise is of very recent origin though. Wife or child takes the given name of the husband or father (Usha married Satish, and may therefore be called Usha Satish or simply S. Usha). In many communities, especially Christian, names are formed by the given name as the first name, the family name and house name as the middle name(s) and the father's/husband's given name as the last name. Thus, the last name changes with each generation. The house name would also change as generations move out of their consanguineal family homes with the changing ownership of property upon the death of the patriarch. The Dravidian movement in the beginning of 19th century was instrumental in knocking off the concept of surnames in Tamil Nadu. Since many companies in the industrially rich Tamil Nadu managed to filter candidates just by looking at their names, the movement went on to such an extent that surnames/castenames were simply refused at primary school levels. The movement went so active that even Streets, roads and galis where names with caste name was published, road-tar was applied on caste names. For instance in a Ranganatha Mudaliar street, the
Mudaliar name was struck off with tar, leaving the street as Ranganathan Street. Similar was the case with almost all castes, Now it's hard to find a Mudaliar, Nadar, Pillai,
Goundar, Iyer, Chettiar etc in any public display. Only on arranged marriages, people feel proud to publish their caste names. In cases where people arrange their own marriages (intercaste / inter religion), the caste name almost vanishes. Hence the famous "ETHIRAJA MUDALIAR College" in Chennai is simply "ETHIRAJ COLLEGE" or "Kamaraja nadar road" is simply "Kamaraj road". This is being welcome my politicians from UP, Bihar etc.
Jains generally use Jain, Shah, Firodia, Singhal or Gupta as their last names. Sikhs generally use the words Singh ("lion") and Kaur ("princess") as surnames added to the otherwise unisex first names of men and women, respectively. It is also common to use a different surname after Singh in which case Singh or Kaur are used as middle names (Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Surinder Kaur Badal). The tenth Guru of Sikhism ordered (Hukamnama) that any man who considered himself a Sikh must use Singh in his name and any woman who considered herself a Sikh must use Kaur in her name. Other middle names or honorifics that are sometimes used as surnames include Kumar, Dev, Lal, and Chand.
The modern day spellings of names originated when families translated their surnames to English, with no standardization across the country. Variations are regional, based on how the name was translated from the local language to English in the 18th, 19th or 20th centuries during British rule. Therefore, it is understood in the local traditions that Agrawal and Aggarwal represent the same name derived from Uttar Pradesh and Punjab respectively. Similarly, Tagore derives from Bengal while Thakur is from Hindi-speaking areas. The officially-recorded spellings tended to become the standard for that family. In the modern times, some states have attempted at standardization, particularly where the surnames were corrupted because of the early British insistence of shortening them for convenience. Thus Bandopadhyay became Banerji, Mukhopadhay became Mukherji, Chattopadhyay became Chatterji etc. This coupled with various other spelling variations created several surnames based on the original surnames. The West Bengal Government now insists on re-converting all the variations to their original form when the child is enrolled in school.
Javanese people are the majority in Indonesia, and most do not have any surname. There are many individuals who have only name, such as "Suharto" and "Sukarno". These are not only common with the Javanese but also with ethnic groups who do not have the tradition of surnames. If, however, they are Muslims, they might opt to follow Arabic naming customs.
Many surnames in Ireland of Gaelic origin derive from ancestors' names, nicknames, or descriptive names. In the first group can be placed surnames such as McMurrough and McCarthy, derived from patronymics, or O'Brien and O'Grady, derived from ancestral names.
Gaelic surnames derived from nicknames include Ó Dubhda (from Aedh ua Dubhda - Aedh, the dark one), O'Doherty (from dochartaigh, "destroyer" or "obtrusive"), Garvery (garbh, "rough" or "nasty"), Manton (mantach, "toothless"), Bane (bán, "white", as in "white hair"), Finn (fionn, "fair", as in "fair hair"), and Kennedy (cinnéide, "ugly head").
In contrast to England, very few Gaelic surnames are derived from placenames or venerated people/objects. Among those that are included in this small group, several can be shown to be derivations of Gaelic personal names or surnames. One notable exception is Ó Cuilleáin or O'Collins (from cuileann, "Holly") as in the Holly Tree, considered one of the most sacred objects of pre-Christian Celtic culture. Another is Walsh (Breatnach), meaning Welsh.
In areas where certain family names are extremely common, extra names are added that sometimes follow this archaic pattern. In Ireland, for example, where Murphy is an exceedingly common name, particular Murphy families or extended families are nicknamed, so that Denis Murphy's family were called The Weavers and Denis himself was called Denis "The Weaver" Murphy. (See also O'Hay.)
For much the same reason, nicknames (e.g. the Fada Burkes, "the long/tall Burkes"), father's names (e.g. John Morrissey Ned) or mother's maiden name (Kennedy becoming Kennedy-Lydon) can become colloquial or legal surnames. The Irish family of de Courcy Ireland became so-named to distinguish them from their cousins who moved to France in the 17th and 18th centuries.
In addition to all this, Irish speaking areas still follow the old tradition of naming themselves after their father, grandfather, great-grandfather and so on. Examples include Mike Bartly Pat Reilly ("Mike, son of Bartholomew, son of Pat Reilly"), John Michel John Oge Pat Breanach ("John, son of Michael, son of young John, son of Pat Breanach"), Tom Paddy-Joe Seoige ("Tom, son of Paddy-Joe Seoige"), and Mary Bartly Mike Walsh ("Mary, daughter of Bartly, son of Mike Walsh"). Sometimes, the female line of the family is used, depending on how well the parent is known in the area the person resides, e.g. Paddy Mary John ("Paddy, son of Mary, daughter of John"). A similar tradition continues even in English-speaking areas, especially in rural districts.
Some Irish surnames can be mistaken for non-Irish. Anglicization of many surnames has been so thorough that bona-fide Irish names such as Crockwell and Harrington appear to be English. Other Irish names can appear to be German (Bruder), Italian (Costello), or even Polish (Comiskey).
i, ian, deh, dust, fard, far, ju, iya, nia, nizhad (or nejad), oo, par, parast, pour, rad, vand, vard, yar, zadeh, zad, zand
Sometimes name of cities or towns are attached as the last word in the family name such as: Tehrani, Shirazi, Esfahani, Tabrizi, Zanjani, Angurani, Samani, Farahani
Some common Persian last names are: Afsar, Agassi, Alivandi, Alizadeh, Amanpour, Ansari, Anvari, Ariani, Arki, Ashtari, Azria, Bahari, Bahrami, Bakhtiari, Bateni, Bozorgi, Dashti, Davoodi,, Ebadi, Elmi, Emami,Esfahani, Fakoor, Farahani, Feiz, Firozi, Gharani, Gharibpour, Ghasemi, Golzari, Hosseini, Kalbasi, Karimi, Kashani, Kiani, Kiyanfar, Kiyanpour, Loghmani, Mehranzadeh,Milani, Mirzapour, Motallebzadeh, Najafi, Nakhudeh, Niyazfar, Omidifar, Ovisi, Ovasi, Rabiee, Rahimi, Rastinpour, Rezaei, Rouzrokh, Samani, Sarafpour, S


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How to guarantee the quality of insulating glass production
 - Author:fanyumaoyi
 - Source:chinamirrormanufacturer.com
 - Release on:2016-12-06
Insulating glass manufacturers to improve the quality of the insulating glass, in addition to the advanced equipment of insulating glass to control the process, efficient production, if we ignore the following safeguards to produce qualified insulated glass to get market recognition is out of the question. So in the process of production of hollow glass, 5 control measures strictly.
 (1) reduce production time
 Desiccant minimizing contact with the atmosphere of the time, reducing the adsorption loss and give the desiccant has a high adsorption capacity.
 (2) strictly controlled production environment temperature
 Main influence capacity and residual adsorption capacity of the production environment.
 (3) select the appropriate aluminium insulation
 The pore gas seams should be small, reducing the water absorption of zeolite during the operation.
 (4) select suitable desiccant
 To select the desiccant adsorption rate is relatively high and persistent.
 (5) water through the spread of polymers
 Rely mainly on select sealant of low permeability coefficients, determine a reasonable thickness of seal, reducing the temperature difference between inside and outside of the insulated glass (that is controlled in a certain temperature range temperature range of production and not so great).
 These measures through choice of materials, processing, control of all aspects of the environment, control of insulating glass, the quality will be greatly.
 ProfessionalInsulating glassThe production equipment, strict management, scientific process and quality control measures for the production of insulating glass, is a prerequisite for improving the quality of insulating glass.


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ZTE in partnership with Ansaldo STS has completed a communication-based train control (CBTC) over LTE test. Ansaldo STS, which specialises in the global signalling and integrated transport systems markets for both passengers (railway/mass transit) and freight, provided the CBTC signalling equipment, while ZTE provided the LTE equipment and devices required for the test.
The test result shows that ZTE's LTE technology met the requirement of CBTC. The test covered scenarios such as static condition, handover, failover and load with static and dynamic configuration.
The key performance indicators (for example, packet loss, latency, maximal number of users, system start-up and shutdown time) fully comply with the requirement of CBTC transmission, ZTE said.
Prior to the lab test, ZTE and Ansaldo STS had already verified CBTC over LTE in the Hangzhou Metro (pictured) using the automatic train operation (ATO) mode. This field verification confirmed that key performance indicators, such as packet loss and latency, fully met the requirement of CBTC.
LTE is being touted as a possible successor to the widely used GSM-R communication-based train control system used on European railways. However, with new GSM-R systems still being deployed, LTE is not expected to be widely used in Europe for at least a decade if not longer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The purpose of Washburn's report is to stimulate much needed rigorous research and lead to resolution of a many facetted problem that has long puzzled observers of Mima mounds and similar features. In doing so, Washburn lays out twelve critical characteristics of mounds and compares several of the existing hypothesis against this table in order to prove his thesis that all Mima-like mounds are not necessarily of the same origin. I used this resource extensively to understand and make specific reference to the Puget Mima Mound Prairie.
Washburn, A.L., Mima Mounds: An Evaluation of Proposed Origins with Special Reference to the Puget Lowlands. Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Report of Investigations 29, 1988.


71 Doctor Puns That Are Medically Hilarious
Doctor puns make you think creatively and also make you giggle.
If you are looking for puns for a card, to make someone smile or to impress your children with your humerus puns, we have collected 60 of the best doctor puns and some medical puns to make anyone chuckle.
For people with an interest in anatomy, biology, science or even aspiring medical professionals, these puns are a great choice. We have some adorable puns about food, animals, "why did they go to the doctor?" puns, one line doctor puns, hospital puns and name puns to provide a selection suitable for everyone.
Doctor puns are a great option for budding scientists and can introduce children to medical terms in a silly way. It can help show them some different aspects of science and make the world around them funnier. It can also help them understand that being ill isn't always scary. Some medical jokes can make life's slips and trips seem more manageable. These puns and jokes for kids with medical themes can make children smile even on those days when being ill is a bit rubbish.
For more sciency laughs, take a look at these spooky skeleton jokes for kids and these cell-arious biology puns for future biologists.
Doctor Puns About Food
Doctor puns are funny because they use wordplay to make us laugh.
Here are some cute doctor puns about food with plenty of medical humor for all ages. If you want some quirky puns that combine food and medical themes then these are for you.
1. Why did the banana go to the doctors? Because he wasn't peeling well!
2. Why did the cookie go to the doctor? Because they felt crummy.
3. What did the doctor say to the sick apple? We'll get to the core of this.
4. What do you give a sick lemon? Lemonaid.
5. What happened to the girl who ate food colouring? She dyed a little inside.
6. Who are the only people who don't like doctor puns? People with an irony deficiency.
Doctor Puns About Animals
These doctor puns about animals are delightfully relatable and fun. For people who love animals, nature and want some medical themed puns, this list is for you!
7. Why did the dalmatian go to the doctors? Because every time she looked in the mirror she saw spots.
8. Why did the doctors appointment with the centipede take so long? Because he sprained his ankles.
9. How do you give medical treatment to a sick pig? With oinkment.
10. Why did the bee keeper go to the doctor? Because they had hives.
11. A boy asked a doctor why he felt like a pony, the doctor said it's because you're a little hoarse.
12. How do you cure a sick bird? With tweetment.
13. What did the frog say when it found out it had a broken leg? "I'm unhoppy!"
14. What is the medical name for owning too many dogs? A roverdose.
15. What do you call a fish with a medical degree? A sturgeon.
16. Where does an owl get medical treatment from? Dr Who.
Why Did They Go To The Doctor Puns
If you need some funny doctor jokes, puns are a great option. These doctor puns are all about different objects, people and animals going to the doctors. There are a couple of classics in there; see if you can spot the dad jokes!
17. Why did the mattress go to the doctors? It had a spring fever.
18. Why did the rope go to the doctors? Because it had a knot in its stomach.
19. Why do shoes go to the doctors? To be heeled.
20. Why did the bucket go the doctor? He was looking a bit pail.
21. Why did the snowman go to the doctors? He felt a bit chilly.
22. Why did the pillow go to the doctors? They felt a bit stuffy.
23. Why did the window go to the doctor? It had a lot of pane.
24. Why did the book go to the doctor? Someone broke its spine.
25. Why did the clown go to the doctors? Because he was feeling funny.
One Line Doctor Puns
One line doctor jokes are great to surprise kids with at the right moment. Alternatively, they are good for a "get well soon" card to brighten someone's day. These doctor one liners are witty, word-play puns are guaranteed to make someone chuckle.
26. Someone once told me a pun about amnesia, but I've forgotten how it goes.
27. I told the doctor I didn't want brain surgery, but she changed my mind.
28. I played hide and seek in the hospital, but they kept finding me in the ICU.
29. A guy made so many rash decisions he decided to become a dermatologist.
30. The doctor knew she was destined to be an osteopath, she could feel it in her bones.
31. At night, you have to wait ages for an X-ray because there's only skeleton staff working.
32. The infectious diseases ward of the hospital has the best wifi because of all of the hotspots.
33. The best dermatologists start their careers from scratch.
34. I went to the library to get a medical book on abdominal conditions but someone had taken the appendix out.
35. I'm looking for a good medical programme to watch, but I don't want no Scrubs.
36. The medical examiners were told to reduce their spending, so they had to cut coroners.
37. A patient's medical record said they had blood type B, but it was a type O.
38. Medical students hate the test on kidney stones, it's the hardest test to pass.
Puns About The Hospital
Doctor jokes about the hospital can be relatable to doctors and aspiring doctors alike. These puns are some gems about hospitals, illnesses and procedures to make anyone giggle.
39. Who is the coolest person in the hospital? The Ultra Sound guy.
40. Who stands in for doctors when they need to go on leave? The hip replacement guy.
41. Why did the doctor laugh at the X-ray of an arm? Because he found the X -ray humerus.
42. Where is the best place in the hospital to read 'Auld Lang Syne' and other old poems? The Serious Burns Unit.
43. What do you call a medical operation to see inside an ocean? A biop-sea.
Doctor Name Puns
These puns about doctor names are great to make anyone giggle. A doctor joke about funny names can be hilarious for kids. These light-hearted doctor jokes have a sprinkle of realism that make the puns even more hilarious.
44. Have you met the new midwives, Doctor Ova Ree and Doctor D. Livery?
45. Have you met the new chiropractor, Doctor L. Bow?
46. The new doctor is a real people person, have you met the Dr Hugh Manatee?
47. The new doctor is very sweet, have you met Doctor Pepper?
48. The new doctor is such a happy person, have you met Doctor Phil Goode?
Eye Doctor Puns
Doctor jokes about eyes offer a wealth of material for hilarious one liners and question-and-answer puns. Here is a selection of our favorite puns about the optometrist, hopefully you'll see some puns you like.
49. A patient said to the doctor, "I keep dreaming my eyes change colour". The doctor says "It's just a pigment of your imagination".
50. Conjunctivitis.com, that's a site for sore eyes.
51. Why did the cell phone go see an eye doctor? Because it needed some new contacts.
52. Why do eye doctors live so long? They dilate.
More Doctor Puns
Some of these puns are real classics, jokes for doctors, jokes about doctors and jokes children will love, this are a fantastic list of puns to look through. These puns are a great choice for all occasions.
54. Why was the doctor angry? They lost all of their patients.
55. Where did the boat go to sleep? The doc.
56. What did one tonsil say to the other tonsil? Try to make yourself look nice, the doctor is taking us out!
57. What did the doctor say to the boy who ate a roll of camera film? Let's see if anything develops.
58. What did the doctor say to the pack of cards? I'll deal with you later.
59. Did you hear about the girl who lost her left side? She's all right now.
60. How do doctors help rockets? They give the rockets their booster shots.
61. Why do doctors walk past the pill cupboard quietly? So they don't wake the sleeping pills.
62. The doctor told a patient "you have acute appendicitis" the patient replied "is that better than an ugly one?"
63. What kind of medical condition causes wrinkled clothes? An iron deficiency.
64. Where do medical students go to study? The hippocampus.
65. What did the doctor say when a patient refused medical treatment? Suture self.
66. What is it called when you can't sleep but eat all night instead? Insomnomnomnia
67. A patient parked in a hospital car park. Someone came over and said "this is for badge holder's only". The patient said "but I have got a bad shoulder".
68. I've got a disease where I can't


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The VELOMATIC from Schaeffler is an automatic bicycle gearshift system that is suitable for a range of applications. It replaces the conventional manual gearshift system and allows gear hubs in bicycles, pedelecs, and e-bikes to shift gears automatically. The FAG-VELOMATIC automatic transmission is compatible with a wide variety of commonly-used hub gears. It comprises a gearshift actuator and a coupled communications module. The mechanical motion of the bicycle's gearshift system is carried out by the gearshift actuator via a Bowden cable.
The communication module has the function of an information gateway. This intelligent communication allows interaction with almost any conventional electric drive. Thanks to the compact dimensions of its components, it can be installed inside the frame of the bicycle.
The VELOMATIC continuously calculates the optimum gear for the rider based on the bicycle's speed and the incline of the terrain. The gearshift program can be individually adjusted by the rider using the VELODAPTIC bicycle app. The operating software that is installed records the input variables that are needed for regulating the gearshift actuator and derives from them the necessary controlled variables.
- Sensors for uphill and downhill travel
- The system can be integrated into any pedelec with a CAN bus, as it is not dependent on a specific manufacturer
- Automatically switches to the optimum starting gear when the rider comes to a stop based on the incline of the terrain
- Shifting errors are prevented
- Smooth gearshift with no perceptible transition
- Compact and lightweight design
- Extended range for e-bikes due to battery-saving operation
- Premature wear on the bicycle's chain and gearshift system is prevented
- Continuous calculation of the ideal gearshift point using special algorithms
- E-bikes and pedelecs


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A Variational Asymptotic Method Based Free Vibration Analysis of a Thin Pretwisted and Delaminated Anisotropic Strip
An asymptotically exact cross-sectional model coupled with geometrically nonlinear one-dimensional (1D) theory of modelling partial delamination in composite beams has been proposed and implemented using the finite element method. This analytical model is based on the dimensional reduction of laminated shell theory to non-linear 1D theory using the variational asymptotic method. Delamination was included in the model by following the sub laminate approach. The final results from this approach will include linear as well as non-linear stiffness terms that account for the delamination length and location in closed form. Ability of the model to capture the trapeze effect, in the healthy and delaminated strip, is demonstrated and the results have been compared with experimental observations. The stiffness terms obtained from the non-linear beam analysis were used in the dynamic analysis. As a first step, only linear stiffness quantities have been used within the 1D linear finite element methods (FEM) that has been adopted to investigate the modal behaviour of the strip. The utility of the model was demonstrated by determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a pre twisted and delaminated anisotropic and, where possible, compared to full 3D FEM in order to validate the present approach. The approach shows good agreement with experimental and analytical results.
KeywordsComposite beam Delamination Dynamic analysis Finite element method Variational asymptotic method
- 4.Hassan AG, Fahmy AM, Goda MI (2014) The effect of fiber orientation and laminate stacking sequences on the torsional natural frequencies of laminated composite beams. J Mech Des Vib 1(1):20–26Google Scholar


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How much correction do you expect to achieve
Usually we can correct the curve by 50% with the instrumentation that we use, but it depends on how stiff your particular curve is.
Texas Scottish Rite Hospital Orthopedic Group
An average amount of correction is usually between 50-80%, but the important thing to remember is that a degree of correction which safely achieves spinal alignment and trunk balance is sufficient, and attempts to achieve excess correction can be dangerous.
With the latest spinal instrumentation techniques, surgeons no longer have to accept minimal or modest scoliosis correction. From our most recent data, we are averaging 72% correction in idiopathic scoliosis and 78% correction for degenerative scoliosis using the new Multi-Planar Adjusting instrumentation. This compares to 48% curve correction we were achieving just 3 years ago using standard spinal instrumentation.
New York, NY
The amount of correction depends upon a number of factors including the degree of deformity, the levels of scoliosis and the stiffness of the spine. The type of scoliosis can also affect the degree of correction that can be safely obtained. In general, for idiopathic scoliosis an average amount of correction is around 50-75%. The primary goal of surgery is not a straight spine on an X-ray and excessive correction can lead to severe problems.
Glen Burnie, MD
The amount of curve correction possible depends on the flexibility of the scoliosis. Curves that are more flexible can be corrected to a greater degree than stiffer curves. A special series of x-rays, called bending films, are usually taken prior to surgery to determine the flexibility of the scoliosis. For adolescents, the bending films closely depict the correction possible through surgery. Too much correction risks stretching the spinal cord and causing injury. As a result, most surgeons limit correction to around 60 percent of the original curve. Achieving a balanced posture is a very important goal of scoliosis correction. Adults have stiffer curves that cannot be corrected to the same magnitude as younger more flexible ones. Important goals for adult scoliosis surgery are to achieve a balanced posture, decompress pinched nerves, and decrease pain.
The amount of correction is dependent on the flexibility of the curve and needs to be balanced with any residual curves that will be unfused. Each patient's amount of correction is different and in general we expect somewhere between 40% and 50% correction at a minimum.
University of Utah Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
The amount of correction one obtains is dependent upon how stiff a given curve is, and the age of the patient. Typically, curves get corrected approximately 70%, but there are exceptions. What we hope to accomplish with surgery is to correct the curve and maintain balance of the spine as you would look at it from both the front and side views. We accomplish this correction and balance by using instrumentation on the curve and fusion.
A correction anywhere from 50 to 80 percent can be achieved with a flexible curve.
Los Angeles, CA
In children, adolescents, and young adults, the spine maintains its flexibility and higher percentages of correction can be achieved. Newer instrumentation provides greater corrective forces than older techniques (e.g., HARRINGTON® rods) to straighten the spine. In these younger patients, corrections up to 80 percent are commonly achieved. With age, the spine becomes less flexible, making high percentage corrections more difficult to achieve.
New York, NY
Dr. Thomas G. Lowe
Woodridge Orthopaedics & Spine Center, P.C.
Correction of the deformity involves stiffening a segment of the spine but also means preserving as much of the flexibility of the spine as possible. Usually that means if there is more than one curve, correcting only the most severe of the curves surgically, and relying on the balancing system of the body to provide correction of the other less severe curves. The surgery now can be usually done without applying any kind of a brace after the surgery. Generally the curves can be corrected approximately 75% in adolescents. The goals and expectations are much less if surgery is done as an older adult. Therefore, if surgery is recommended, it is best done as an adolescent to maximize the expectations.
New York, NY
This depends on the severity and stiffness or rigidity of the curvature prior to surgery. Correction achieved in children and adolescents is generally much greater than that achieved in adults. The reason for this is that the adult spine becomes stiffer with age due to degeneration of the discs and the formation of bone spurs. Often, corrections of sixty to seventy percent or more can be achieved in children, particularly with anterior procedures. The correction achieved in adults generally approaches fifty percent.
St. Louis, MO
The amount of correction depends on multiple factors: patient age, curve size, location and flexibility, presence of other curves, other medical problems, previous surgery, etc. Judicious correction of the scoliosis is always indicated, as overcorrection of the spine can lead to temporary or permanent neurological injury, such as nerve root deficits or paralysis.
Curve correction is critical to the patient and surgeon alike. However, it is more important to balance and stabilize the spine safely. Correction must be considered along three dimensions: rib prominence, or rotation; shoulder level and sagittal – or side – alignment. Taking all of this into account, curve correction of 50-75% is typically expected.
The commentary above recounts the experiences of these physicians. Medtronic invited them to share their stories candidly. Keep in mind that results vary; not every patient's response is the same. Talk with your doctor to learn more about any products that are mentioned above.
It is important that you discuss the potential risks, complications and benefits of spinal surgery with your doctor prior to receiving treatment, and that you rely on your doctor's judgment. Only your doctor can determine whether you are a suitable candidate for this treatment.


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Ya'eqob, Zare'a (scholar)
Zare'a Ya'eqob (who is believed to have lived in the 17th century) was the author of a book of philosophy known as Hatata Zara Yaqob ("The Investigations of Zare'a Ya'eqob").
The religious policies of the reign of Emperor Susneyos [reigned 1607-32], who had accepted Catholicism, were a threat to Ethiopians of the Orthodox Church, among whom was Zare'a Ya'eqob. He was obliged to leave his city, Aksum, to live a secluded life in the mountains of Ambara, in Tegré province. His religious contemplation there led him to the point of doubting even the existence of God. Since no previous existing work in Ethiopia deals with religious problems in a rational way, the unique quality of his work raised doubts in the minds of the 20th-century Italian scholar C. Conti Rossini. Conti Rossini tried to prove that the name Zare'a Ya'eqob was only a pseudonym adopted by the Father Giusto da Urbino, an Italian monk and scholar who lived in Ethiopia in the 19th century, and whom he believed to be the real author of the Hatata. Although some of Conti Rossini's assumptions may be correct, it is nevertheless difficult to believe that such a vivid account of the religio-political situation of 17th century Ethiopia could have been written 200 years later.
C. Conti Rossini, "Lo Hatata Zare'a Ya'eqob e il Padre Giusto da Urbino" ("The Hatata Zare'a Ya'eqob and Father Ciusto da Urbino"), Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Vol. XXIX, Rome, 1920; I. Guidi, Storia della letteratura etiopica ("History of Ethiopian Literature"), Rome, 1932; E. Littmann, Geschichte der Athiopischen Literatur *("History of Ethiopian Literature"), Leipzig, 1907, Philosophi Abessini, sive vita et philosophia magistri Zare'a Ya'eqob eiusque discipuli Walda-Heywat philosophia ("Abyssinian Philosophers, or the Life and Philosophy of Master Zare'a Ya'eqob and the Philosophy of His Disciple Walda Heyewat"), Paris, 1904; E. Mittowoch, *Die amharische version der 'Soirées de Carthage' ("The Amharic Version of the 'Nights of Carthage'") Berlin, 1934.
This article was reprinted from The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography (in 20 Volumes). Volume One Ethiopia-Ghana. Ed. L. H. Ofosu-Appiah. New York: Reference Publications Inc., 1977. All rights reserved.


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A New Innovative Low Cost Manufacturing Process to Produce Titanium
All titanium is produced by the Kroll process, which is a batch process for the magnesium (Mg) reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Separate operations are required to produce the toxic and very corrosive TiCl4, which must be stored and transported. Magnesium also is produced separately in liquid form via the electrolysis of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), which requires storage and transport of liquid Mg as well as handling the chloride gas produced. The Kroll-produced titanium sponge is a 50-year-old mature process that is expensive, thus limiting the utilization of titanium in spite of its most desirable properties of light weight, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical properties. A wholly new process is proposed to produce titanium powder that utilizes the basic proven Kroll-type chemistry but is performed in situ, which eliminates the need for external sources of Mg and TiCl4. Because no separately produced Mg or TiCl4 is required, the environmental issues with producing Mg and TiCl4 are eliminated. The new one-step processing that does not require external feeds of Mg and TiCl4 offers the potential to produce titanium powder at one-half or less than the cost of a Kroll-produced sponge.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Materials and Electrochemical Research (MER Corporation)
7960 S. Kolb Road Tucson, AZ 85706
Number of Employees:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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How to Measure Watts on an Amplifier
How to measure watts on an amplifier
The term watt is a measuring unit. It was framed after a Scottish inventor named James Watt. With respect to a speaker or an amplifier, a watt is nothing but the measurement that helps in finding out the energy used by an amplifier or a speaker per second to convert them into sound.
One of the easiest ways to calculate watt is by using Ohm's law. It is one of the widely used electrical engineering formulae in the world today.
It is easy to measure watts of any electronic device if one has basic knowledge in this filed. The following are the simple steps to measure watts on an amplifier.
 - The first and foremost thing to do is to find out the amount of voltage used by the audio device while operating. This is not a very hard task because every electronic device comes with all the information about it in the package in which they are sold. If the information is not on the package, then it can be found in the user manual of the audio device. If the audio device is bought as a second-hand device and the information for the same is missing, it is easy to find about the same in PDF formats online. Note down the voltage of the device; this is crucial for the last step.
 - The second step is to find out the recommended amount of current or power that can pass through the wire of the audio device. This information will also be available in the above-mentioned documents. You need t0 note down the current of the audio device.
 - The last step is nothing but to calculate Ohm's law for power. The formula for the Ohm's law is P=V*I. In this equation P is power, V is voltage and I is current. The value of current and voltage that you have noted down in the first and second steps should be applied in the Ohm's law formula. The resulting answer is the wattage of a speaker or an amplifier.


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Compressed Manifold Modes for Mesh Processing
MetainformationenComputer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Symposium on Geometry Processing SGP), vol. 33, no. 5. 2014
This paper introduces compressed eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on 3D manifold surfaces. They constitute a novel functional basis, called the compressed manifold basis, where each function has local support. We derive an algorithm, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), to compute this basis on a given triangulated mesh. We show that compressed manifold modes identify key shape features, yielding an intuitive understanding of the basis for a human observer, where a shape can be processed as a collection of parts. We evaluate compressed manifold modes for potential applications in in shape matching and mesh abstraction. Our results show that this basis has distinct advantages over existing alternatives, indicating high potential for a wide range of use-cases in mesh processing.


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THE LOST PALM WEAVERS OF SONORA
Join the search in for the descendants of Opata palm weavers and explore the surviving tradition.
The Opatas were probably the largest aboriginal group in what is now Sonora, Mexico but by the 1950s anthropologists could not locate a single speaker of the native language. While the people may be extinct, the Opatas left behind numerous traditions. Join the search in Buena Vista, Sonora for the descendants of Opata palm weavers and explore the tradition of native palm weaving that has survived through the centuries. The women still weave in "hookies" - small underground cellars that provide the cool and humid climate needed to maintain the elasticity of the palms for weaving.


Hello there! Im currently making a 5 color print in illustrator and i got a few questions:
1) how bad is that my color layers are overlapping, like for example i got a yellow wall and above is layer with green and orange tree leaf, how will it turn out when screen printed?
2) how colours are counted, like if i have brown normal colour and brown with opacity 50% and multiply mode does it count as 1 colour and can they be on same layer?
3) i would like to have a detailed screen printing preparation guide with cmplicated design example.
Thank you whoever answers me )
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This also means that blowing out candles in space is four times easier than on Earth — a finding that more than justifies the Shuttle flights.
Here is the explanation from some smart people:
[A] candle can burn in zero gravity. However, the flame is quite a bit different. Fire behaves differently in space and microgravity than on Earth.
A microgravity flame forms a sphere surrounding the wick. Diffusion feeds the flame with oxygen and allows carbon dioxide to move away from the point of combustion, so the rate of burning is slowed. The flame of a candle burned in microgravity is an almost invisible blue color (video cameras on Mir could not detect the blue color). Experiments on Skylab and Mir indicate the temperature of the flame is too low for the yellow color seen on Earth.


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Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) have published a Roadmap for the Organics Sector. This document is a constructive road map with the overarching aim of ensuring that, as the sector continues to grow in the future, that it remains a trusted and welcomed option for waste treatment that delivers valuable products. This document is published in the context of recent questions regarding some current sector practices. The Roadmap provides clear objectives and actions for local authorities, organic processors, policy makers, and regulators to tackle challenges such as feedstock contamination for organic processors, recycling rates and feedstock supply, and environmental protection.
The challenges the Roadmap intends to address are:
- The absolute need for quality – quality inputs, quality operations and quality outputs.
- The need to reduce emissions of ammonia from the generation, spreading and use of digestates.
- The need to fully value the products the organic sector produce.
The process of managing the roadmap and the completion of its actions will be undertaken by WRAP, on behalf of Defra. WRAP will convene the actions owners, monitor and report progress, and ensure that the roadmap remains a live and relevant document and plan.
The REA have been involved in the drafting of some of the actions and will be leading on delivering some of them. Please contact us if you would like any further information.


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After you attach an Amazon EBS volume to your instance, it is exposed as a block device. You can format the volume with any file system and then mount it. After you make the Amazon EBS volume available for use, you can access it in the same ways that you access any other volume. Any data written to this file system is written to the Amazon EBS volume and is transparent to applications using the device.
Note that you can take snapshots of your Amazon EBS volume for backup purposes or to use as a baseline when you create another volume. For more information, see Amazon EBS Snapshots.
To make an Amazon EBS volume available for use on Linux
Connect to your instance using SSH. For more information, see Connect to Your Instance.
Depending on the block device driver of the kernel, the device might
be attached with a different name than what you specify. For example, if you specify
a device name of
/dev/sdh, your device might be renamed
/dev/hdh by the kernel; in
most cases, the trailing letter remains the same. In some versions of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux (and its variants, such as CentOS), even the trailing letter might
also change (where
/dev/sda could become
/dev/xvde). In these cases, each device name trailing letter
is incremented the same number of times. For example,
/dev/xvdg. Amazon Linux AMIs create a symbolic link from
the renamed device path to the name you specify, but other AMIs might behave
Use the lsblk command to view your available disk devices and their mount points (if applicable) to help you determine the correct device name to use.
lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT xvdf 202:80 0 100G 0 disk xvda1 202:1 0 8G 0 disk /
output of lsblk removes the
/dev/ prefix from
full device paths. In this example,
/dev/xvda1 is mounted as the
root device (note the
MOUNTPOINT is listed as
the root of the Linux file system hierarchy), and
attached, but it has not been mounted yet.
Determine whether you need to create a file system on the volume. New volumes are raw
block devices, and you need to create a file system on them before you can mount and use
them. Volumes that have been restored from snapshots likely have a file system on them
already; if you create a new file system on top of an existing file system, the
operation overwrites your data. Use the sudo file -s
device command to list special information,
such as file system type.
sudo file -s /dev/xvdf/dev/xvdf: data
If the output of the previous command shows simply
data for the device,
then there is no file system on the device and you need to create one. You can go on to
Step 4. If you run this command on a device that
contains a file system, then your output will be different.
sudo file -s /dev/xvda1/dev/xvda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=1701d228-e1bd-4094-a14c-8c64d6819362 (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files)
In the previous example, the device contains
Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem
data, so this volume does not need a file system created (you can skip Step 4 if your output shows file system data).
(Optional) Use the following command to create an ext4 file system on the volume.
Substitute the device name (such as
device_name. Depending on the requirements of your
application or the limitations of your operating system, you can choose a different
file system type, such as ext3 or XFS.
This step assumes that you're mounting an empty volume. If you're mounting a volume that already has data on it (for example, a volume that was restored from a snapshot), don't use mkfs before mounting the volume (skip to the next step instead). Otherwise, you'll format the volume and delete the existing data.
sudo mkfs -t ext4
Use the following command to create a mount point directory for the volume. The
mount point is where the volume is located in the file system tree and where you read
and write files to after you mount the volume. Substitute a location for
mount_point, such as
Use the following command to mount the volume at the location you just created.
(Optional) To mount this Amazon EBS volume on every system reboot, add an entry for the
device to the
Create a backup of your
/etc/fstab file that you can use if
you accidentally destroy or delete this file while you are editing
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig
/etc/fstab file using your favorite text editor,
such as nano or vim.
Add a new line to the end of the file for your volume using the following format.
last three fields on this line are the file system mount options, the dump frequency
of the file system, and the order of file system checks done at boot time. If you
don't know what these values should be, then use the values in the example below for
defaults,nofail 0 2). For more information on
/etc/fstab entries, see the fstab manual
page (by entering man fstab on the command line). For example, to
mount the ext4 file system on the device
/dev/xvdf at the mount
/data, add the following entry to
If you ever intend to boot your instance without this volume attached (for
example, so this volume could move back and forth between different instances),
you should add the
nofail mount option that allows the instance
to boot even if there are errors in mounting the volume. Debian derivatives, such
as Ubuntu, must also add the
nobootwait mount option.
/dev/xvdf /data ext4 defaults,nofail 0 2
After you've added the new entry to
/etc/fstab, you need to
check that your entry works. Run the sudo mount -a command to
mount all file systems in
sudo mount -a
If the previous command does not produce an error, then your
/etc/fstab file is OK and your file system will mount
automatically at the next boot. If the command does produce any errors, examine the
errors and try to correct your
Errors in the
/etc/fstab file can render a system
unbootable. Do not shut down a system that has errors in the
(Optional) If you are unsure how to correct
errors, you can always restore your backup
/etc/fstab file with
the following command.
sudo mv /etc/fstab.orig /etc/fstab


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Negotiating Natural Resource Agreements
Petersen Consulting has worked for both industry and First Nations to negotiate and create successful and sustainable working relationships. These negotiations are typically on mining, forestry and hydroelectric projects.
We have negotiated dozens of Impact Benefit Agreements, Exploration Accommodation Agreements and Long Term Forestry Agreements, collectively called Industry Agreements.
Our team does not just negotiate Industry Agreements. We assist in the formulation and implementation to ensure that all parties to the agreement obtain mutual benefit.
There is no cookie cutter approach to negotiating and authoring Industry Agreements. Each Industry Agreement will be as unique as the profile, priorities and objectives of each First Nation and resource company involved.
By having experience working for both First Nations and industry, we can successfully negotiate the differences.
As part of the journey of negotiating and implementing Industry Agreements, we can provide the following services:
- Workshops to explain the potential content of Industry Agreements and what issues are important. We will also provide real examples of various business contracting models that have been used in Industry Agreements such as competitive set aside, open book negotiations and competitive contracts.
- Revenue sharing options
- Template joint venture agreements


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1997 the Department of the Interior added the Grove Street
Cemetery to the National Register of Historic Places.
Three years later the Department
declared the cemetery a National Historic Landmark, the first
cemetery so designated in New England, because "this
site possesses national significance in commemorating the
history of the United States of America."
the cemetery "represents a mile-stone in the development
of a cemetery as a distinct institution.
Its monuments reflect the history of funerary
art in America while its entrance gate is recognized as one
of the leading examples of Egyptian Revival style in the
"The Dead Shall Be Raised"
Thomas Clarke Williams


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In the Library, your Personal folder is the root folder for all your saved content. Within the Personal folder, you can create subfolders to organize your content.
Then, for example, you could publish a subfolder, and know that all content in this subfolder is now available to your organization.
This topic will show you how to create subfolders in your Personal (root) folder, create new subfolders, organize your saved content by moving it into the subfolders, and publish a subfolder.
- In Sumo Logic, go to the Library. All of your saved content is in the Personal folder, and all of its content is displayed in the list on the right, including saved searches, Dashboards, and any installed Apps. Existing subfolders are listed under Personal, such as the Data Volume and Windows App, as shown.
- Create a subfolder by clicking the blue plus sign in the upper right-hand corner of the Library.
- In the Add Folder dialog, enter My Apps, and click Add.
- The new subfolder is added to the folder list.
- For this example, create another subfolder called Errors. It is added to the folder list under Personal.
Move Content into Subfolders
Now you can organize your saved content in the new subfolders.
- In the list on the right, select the Data Volume App. Click the double arrow to the right of the name, and from the menu, select Move.
- In the Move Item dialog, select the My Apps folder, and click Move.
- Do the same for any other Apps you have installed. They will be moved and then appear under the My Apps folder.
- Now move any searches or Dashboards that deal with errors into the new Errors subfolder. (You can tell what the list items are from their icons: a search uses a magnifying glass icon, a Dashboard uses a picture icon, and an App uses a folder icon.)
When your saved content is organized, you'll need to click the subfolder to view its contents in the list on the right.
Publish a Subfolder to Share Content
If for example, you wanted to publish the apps you have installed in order to share them with your organization, you could publish the new My Apps subfolder itself. This way, any app that you install in the future and add to this subfolder would be automatically published and shared with your team.
To publish a subfolder:
- In the Library, under Personal, select the My Apps subfolder.
- Click the double arrow to the right of the folder, and select Publish.
- In the Publish dialog, click Publish.
- The My Apps folder is added to the Org folder, in a subfolder labeled with your name. Now everyone in your organization can access your published content.
In the future, any Apps that you install in this published folder will be automatically published.
If you want to create a folder hierarchy, create the desired hierarchical subfolders and publish the topmost folder. All subfolders will be published with the parent folder.


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Classification and Explanatory Rules of Harmonic DataFaculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
AbstractClustering is an important technique in data mining and machine learning in which underlying and meaningful groups of data are discovered. One of the paramount issues in clustering process is to discover the natural groups in the data set. A method based on the minimum message length (MML) has been developed to determine the optimum number of clusters (or mixture model size) in a power quality data set from an actual harmonic monitoring system in a distribution system in Australia. Once the optimum number of clusters is determined, a supervised learning algorithm, C5.0, is used to uncover the fundamental defining factors that differentiate the various clusters from each other. This allows for explanatory rules of each cluster in the harmonic data to be defined. These rules can then be utilised to predict which cluster any new observed data may best be described.
Link to publisher version (URL)IEEE Xplore
Citation InformationAli Asheibi, David Stirling and Danny Soetanto. "Classification and Explanatory Rules of Harmonic Data" (2008)
Available at: _URL_


Nebraska allocation of lottery funds for education programs advanced
Lawmakers gave first-round approval March 24 to a bill that would allocate approximately $100 million in lottery funds to education-related programs over the next five years.
The state Department of Revenue estimates that $21.2 million in lottery funds will be directed to education programs in FY2021-22, $21.7 million in FY2022-23 and $22.1 million in FY2023-24.
Under one new program, the Educational Service Unit Coordinating Council would ensure that annual, evidence-based behavioral awareness and intervention training is available statewide and develop, implement and administer a statewide teacher support system beginning in school year 2021-22.
Beginning with the 2023-24 school year, school districts would ensure that teachers, administrators, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors receive the training.
LB529 also would direct funds to a new mental health training grant program administered by the state Department of Education.
The Nebraska Opportunity Grant Fund, which provides financial aid to low-income Nebraska residents enrolled at postsecondary educational institutions, would receive the largest allocation at 58 percent, down from the 62 percent allocation it received for fiscal years 2016-17 through 2020-21.
An Education Committee amendment, adopted 29-6, would add an element to the proposed behavioral awareness and intervention training. It would require at least 30 minutes of training dedicated to understanding the duties, rights and responsibilities outlined in the Student Discipline Act and case law addressing student behavior.
The amendment also would create a grant program for students who graduate from an accredited education program at a state youth rehabilitation and treatment center or from a public or private high school within one year of being discharged from a YRTC.
Those students could receive up to $5,000 per year to attend a Nebraska postsecondary educational institution if they meet certain requirements.
"This is a great opportunity to help these kids turn their life around, go to college at least part time and enter the workforce," Walz said.
Sen. Patty Pansing Brooks of Lincoln supported the committee amendment and the bill. If LB529 does not pass, she said, the Nebraska Opportunity Grant program will end in June, leaving Nebraska without a need-based financial aid program for students who attend state postsecondary institutions.
"It's critical, in my mind, to make college education more accessible and more affordable to Nebraska students in need," Pansing Brooks said.
Omaha Sen. John Cavanaugh also supported the bill. He said the proposed mental health training grant program could help reduce prison overcrowding by helping teachers identify the signs and symptoms of mental illness in students.
"Early intervention leads to better results, better long-term outcomes for people," Cavanaugh said. "[A] number of people who find themselves in the criminal justice system didn't get any access to mental health care until they got into the criminal justice system."
Sen. Dave Murman of Glenvil introduced an amendment containing many provisions of his LB673. The amendment would authorize teachers and other school personnel to use reasonable physical intervention to manage student behavior to protect themselves, the student or another person from physical injury.
Under Murman's proposal, teachers or other school personnel would not be subject to professional or administrative discipline for physical intervention or removal of a student from a class if they acted in a reasonable manner and in accordance with school policy.
It also would direct each school district to provide behavioral awareness and intervention training to administrators, teachers, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors beginning in school year 2021-22.
Murman said the amendment would provide funding to each school district and allow them to choose their own training program rather than rely on ESUs.
North Platte Sen. Mike Groene supported the amendment, saying it would protect teachers from being fired or suspended for defending themselves or others from a student who becomes violent.
Walz opposed Murman's amendment, saying ESUs could provide the training more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, Walz said, the teacher support system proposed in the committee amendment would provide teachers ongoing support after they receive training.
Murman later withdrew the amendment but said he would introduce a similar one during the second round of debate.
After adopting a technical amendment, senators voted 28-6 to advance LB529 to select file.


Colleges of Coimbra
The former colleges of the University of Coimbra, belonging to religious orders (regular colleges) or destined to accommodate students from outside the city (secular colleges), were all extinguished by decree in 1834. The buildings were subsequently sold, transformed and adapted to other functions - some even demolished, partially or totally.
The analysis on the university colleges developed by the students aim to reconstitute the buildings in their original state or at some stage of their functioning as colleges - using, for this, drawing as an instrument of analysis, testing and representation.
Graça CollegeCoimbra
Santa Rita CollegeCoimbra
São Jerónimo CollegeCoimbra


$key, $member ); =head3 sunion my _USER_ = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); my $elements = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); # ARRAY ref =head3 sunionstore my $ok = $r->sunionstore( $dstkey, $key1, $key2,... ); =head2 Commands operating on hashes Hashes in Redis cannot be nested as in perl, if you want to store a nested hash, you need to serialize the hash first. If you want to have a named hash, you can use Redis-hashes. You will find an example in the tests of this module t/01-basic.t =head3 hset Sets the value to a key in a hash. $r->hset('hashname', $key => $value); ## returns true on success =head3 hget Gets the value to a key in a hash. my $value = $r->hget('hashname', $key); =head3 hexists if($r->hexists('hashname', $key) { ## do something, the key exists } else { ## the key does not exist } =head3 hdel Deletes a key from a hash if($r->hdel('hashname', $key)) { ## key is deleted } else { ## oops } =head3 hincrby Adds an integer to a value. The integer is signed, so a negative integer decrements. my $key = 'testkey'; $r->hset('hashname', $key => 1); ## value -> 1 my $increment = 1; ## has to be an integer $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 2 $increment = 5; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 7 $increment = -1; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 6 =head3 hsetnx Adds a key to a hash unless it is not already set. my $key = 'testnx'; $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 1); ## returns true $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 2); ## returns false because key already exists =head3 hmset Adds multiple keys to a hash. $r->hmset('hashname', 'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2'); ## returns true on success =head3 hmget Returns multiple keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hmget('hashname', 'key1', 'key2'); =head3 hgetall Returns the whole hash. my %hash = $r->hgetall('hashname'); =head3 hkeys Returns the keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hkeys('hashname'); =head3 hvals Returns the values of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hvals('hashname'); =head3 hlen Returns the count of keys in a hash. my $keycount = $r->hlen('hashname'); =head2 Sorting =head3 sort $r->sort("key BY pattern LIMIT start end GET pattern ASC|DESC ALPHA'); =head2 Publish/Subscribe commands When one of L or L is used, the Redis object will enter I mode. When in I mode only commands in this section, plus L, will be accepted. If you plan on using PubSub and other Redis functions, you should use two Redis objects, one dedicated to PubSub and the other for regular commands. All Pub/Sub commands receive a callback as the last parameter. This callback receives three arguments: =over 4 =item * The published message. =item * The topic over which the message was sent. =item * The subscribed topic that matched the topic for the message. With L these last two are the same, always. But with L, this parameter tells you the pattern that matched. =back See the L for more information about the messages you will receive on your callbacks after each L, L, L and L. =head3 publish $r->publish($topic, $message); Publishes the C<< $message >> to the C<< $topic >>. =head3 subscribe $r->subscribe( _USER_, sub { my ($message, $topic, $subscribed_topic) = _USER_;... }, ); Subscribe one or more topics. Messages published into one of them will be received by Redis, and the specificed callback will be executed. =head3 unsubscribe $r->unsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics in C<_USER_>. =head3 psubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->psubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Subscribes a pattern of topics. All messages to topics that match the pattern will be delivered to the callback. =head3 punsubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->punsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics pattern matches in C<_USER_>. =head3 is_subscriber if ($r->is_subscriber) { say "We are in Pub/Sub mode!" } Returns true if we are in I mode. =head3 wait_for_messages my $keep_going = 1; ## Set to false somewhere to leave the loop my $timeout = 5; $r->wait_for_messages($timeout) while $keep_going; Blocks, waits for incoming messages and delivers them to the appropriate callbacks. Requires a single parameter, the number of seconds to wait for messages. Use 0 to wait for ever. If a positive non-zero value is used, it will return after that ammount of seconds without a single notification. Please note that the timeout is not a commitement to return control to the caller at most each C seconds, but more a idle timeout, were control will return to the caller if Redis is idle (as in no messages were received during the timeout period) for more than C seconds. The L call returns the number of messages processed during the run. =head2 Persistence control commands =head3 save $r->save; =head3 bgsave $r->bgsave; =head3 lastsave $r->lastsave; =head2 Scripting commands =head3 eval $r->eval($lua_script, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script server side. Note that this commands sends the Lua script every time you call it. See L and L for an alternative. =head3 evalsha $r->eval($lua_script_sha1, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script cached on the server side by its SHA1 digest. See L. =head3 script_load my ($sha1) = $r->script_load($lua_script); Cache Lua script, returns SHA1 digest that can be used with L. =head3 script_exists my ($exists1, $exists2,...) = $r->script_exists($scrip1_sha, $script2_sha,...); Given a list of SHA1 digests, returns a list of booleans, one for each SHA1, that report the existence of each script in the server cache. =head3 script_kill $r->script_kill; Kills the currently running script. =head3 script_flush $r->script_flush; Flush the Lua scripts cache. =head2 Remote server control commands =head3 info my $info_hash = $r->info; The C method is unique in that it decodes the server's response into a hashref, if possible. This decoding happens in both synchronous and pipelined modes. =head3 shutdown $r->shutdown; The C method does not support pipelined operation. =head3 slowlog my $nr_items = $r->slowlog("len"); my _USER_ = $r->slowlog("get", 10); The C command gives access to the server's slow log. =head2 Multiple databases handling commands =head3 select $r->select( $dbindex ); # 0 for new clients =head3 move $r->move( $key, $dbindex ); =head3 flushdb $r->flushdb; =head3 flushall $r->flushall; =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following persons contributed to this project (alphabetical order): =over 4 =item * Aaron Crane (pipelining and AUTOLOAD caching support) =item * Dirk Vleugels =item * Flavio Poletti =item * Jeremy Zawodny =item * sunnavy at bestpractical.com =item * Thiago Berlitz Rondon =item * Ulrich Habel =back =head1 AUTHORS =over 4 =item * Pedro Melo =item * Damien Krotkine =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is Copyright (c) 2013 by Pedro Melo, Damien Krotkine. This is free software, licensed under: The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)


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From Stamps of the World
To see only pages that require images (have placeholders with no image) visit : Transkei Image Requirements
The Transkei (meaning the area beyond [the river] Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei (Xhosa: iRiphabliki yeTranskei), was a Bantustan—an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity—and nominal parliamentary democracy in the southeastern region of South Africa. Its capital was Mthatha, usually given as 'Umtata' on maps and in English-language medium materials.
Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa's policy of apartheid and "separate development" in that it was the first of four territories to be declared independent. Throughout its existence, it remained an internationally unrecognised, diplomatically isolated, politically unstable de facto one-party state, and at one point even broke relations with South Africa, the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity. In 1994, it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the Eastern Cape province.
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.
Pages in category "Transkei"
The following 73 pages are in this category, out of 73 total.


TOR kinase activity is decreased by sugar depletion in liquid culture system
Published: 8 June 2021| Version 2 | DOI: 10.17632/h8px3kzd6g.2
In mammals and yeasts, the target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator in glucose signaling to promote cell proliferation and growth. However, in plant, the investigation of sugar (glucose) -TOR signaling has been hindered by the innate capacity of autotrophic plants to produce carbon-related nutrients via photosynthesis. Here, we established a protocol which provided a manipulated liquid culture system for efficient depletion of the endogenous carbon nutrients in Arabidopsis seedlings. Exogenously sugar (glucose) could then be supplied to investigate the role of sugar (glucose)-TOR signaling in cell division and growth.
Steps to reproduce
To investigate the effect of sugar starvation on endogenous TOR-kinase activity, we monitored TOR kinase activity based on the phosphorylation of T449 in the TOR-conserved substrate ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) by common Western blot method.


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While body language analysis isn't an exact science, looking at someone's gestures and movements can reveal a lot about them. BTS's Jungkook has a lot of body language habits that ARMYs find adorable—here's what some of them might possibly mean.
1. Tilting his head
Whenever Jungkook is contemplating or feeling unsure, he has a tendency to tilt his head to the side.
According to body language readings, when people tilt their heads, it means they're don't fully believe what they're saying. So, Jungkook tilting his head when he feels unsure about a statement or a challenge makes perfect sense.
2. Biting his nails
Like many people, Jungkook often bites his nails when he seems to be nervous or anxious.
Even people who aren't body language analysts know this as a common sign of nerves. You may even do it yourself.
3. Picking his face
Fans have also spotted Jungkook picking his face sometimes, usually when he's spacing out.
Body language analysis states that people most commonly touch their faces when they're nervous about answering questions or making factual statements. Perhaps when Jungkook seems like he's zoning out, he's actually just thinking of the right thing to say next.
4. Tucking hair behind his ears
Even when his hair isn't long, Jungkook likes to tuck it behind his ears.
According to body language analysts, when someone tucks their hair behind their ears, it often means they're nervous and feel the need to step things up.
5. Standing in the back
Ever noticed how maknae Jungkook tends to stand behind his hyungs during broadcasts?
Hiding behind elders is a common habit for children, too. As you may already know, it often means the person is feeling shy or lacking confidence.


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Employee Legal Awareness Day
Perhaps a somewhat informal day of recognition started by Paul Brennan, a lawyer in Australia; however, it does raise a rather serious issue in the sphere of disability management. It is arguable that there are likely many employees who do not know there legal rights in the workplace regarding occupational health and safety. And for most, the idea of sitting down with a Workers Compensation regulation or Employment Standards Act is unthinkable. But it is important for workers to know some of the fundamental health and safety information to help protect their own well-being. This does not negate the employer's responsibility to ensure a healthy workplace or ensure that their employees have access to important health and safety information; rather it helps to ensure people take responsibility for themselves. It also supports the idea of employers and employees working collaboratively to make sure workers are aware of their legal rights and responsibilities as this is only one aspect of workplace health and safety.
Disability management professionals can be instrumental in this process to provide information and help organizations develop preventative disability management policies, which employees can be encouraged to be familiar with. So, today's post is simply to acknowledge Employee Legal Awareness Day and encourage employees to take one small step in raising their legal awareness as it relates to their workplace or occupation.


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By Jim Chu, Chief Constable, Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
n February 2010, the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games were successfully staged in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the resort community of Whistler; and adjoining municipalities. Vancouver became the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Games, and an unprecedented number of athletes, officials, spectators, and celebrants participated in the event, which also was watched by record television audiences. When the Olympics concluded, many compliments were extended to the games' organizers, the volunteers, and, notably, the law enforcement agencies that kept the games safe. This article will highlight the key policing challenges and offer lessons learned on public order–policing practices that apply to any large-scale public event.
Security is always a paramount consideration during the Olympics, and the lead responsibility for the security of the Vancouver 2010 games was given to Canada's national police service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Early in the process, the RCMP realized that an operation of this scale and magnitude required strong partnerships with local police agencies of jurisdiction and, hence, created the Vancouver 2010 Integrated Security Unit (ISU), which primarily comprised police and military security planners. The overall security budget for the ISU was approximately $555 million.
|Officers work at the Vancouver Police Department's |
emergency operations center.
The policing story of the 2010 Winter Olympics can be broken down into three components:
- The protection of Olympic Games participants (athletes, officials, and spectators)
- The right to freely assemble and protest
- The management of large celebratory crowds
The ISU took responsibility for the security of the official competition venues and several noncompetition venues, including the athletes' villages, the main media center, and the Vancouver International Airport. In addition, the ISU was responsible for athlete transportation security and the protection of internationally protected persons. It is well known that past Olympic Games have attracted terrorists (for example, the 1972 hostage taking and killing of Israeli athletes in Munich, West Germany) and lone-wolf criminals (for example, the 1996 Atlanta park bombing). Numerous heads of state and other internationally protected persons attend. More than 6,000 police officers; 4,500 private security personnel; and 4,000 Canadian military resources were utilized to ensure these official Olympic sites were secure. To fortify venues such as the hockey stadium and ski hills, the ISU created airport-style screening checkpoints for staff and spectators and constructed fence lines with perimeter detection systems and closed-circuit television cameras. Outside the fence lines, security fell to the local police of jurisdiction with ISU resources for support and for national security incidents. The hosting jurisdictions received funding through the ISU to help cover the associated costs of policing the games.
This high level of readiness and security delivered by the ISU resulted in a great outcome of no terrorist or serious criminal acts occurring in any official Olympic site. Overall, venues were safe and secure, and the policing story of the 2010 Winter Olympics shifted from security of the official sites to policing protests and the large celebratory crowds. Within the city of Vancouver, both of these challenges were the responsibility of the Vancouver Police Department (VPD).
The city of Vancouver is considered one of the world's most liberal cities. It has a large concentration of illicit drug users (including users of crack cocaine and heroin) and is home to the first supervised drug-injection site in North America. During the lead-up to the games, activist groups in Vancouver made public accusations that Vancouver police would cleanse the city and suppress dissent by
- sweeping the streets clean of the mentally ill and poor people,
- kidnapping homeless people and shipping them out of town,
- kicking in doors of homes and businesses to take away signs that criticized the Olympics, and
- beating and arresting protesters.
The local branch of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association initiated a legal observer program for volunteers to receive special training in law; first aid (to help people beaten by the police); and use of video recorders to capture what the association claimed would be inevitable instances of excessive force by police. To counter these allegations, senior police officers from the VPD and the ISU went on public record and met with these groups to reiterate that the right to protest, which is guaranteed under Canadian law, would be upheld by the police and that no special measures to sweep the streets would occur. The activist groups remained relentless with their condemnations of the police, and the news media reported on these criticisms.
The Canadian Constitution guarantees rights such as freedom of assembly, thought, religion, and expression. Approximately three times a week and throughout the year, protests are held in Vancouver with causes ranging from local issues (for example, the environment and homelessness) to international issues (for example, oppression in Iran and antiglobalization). One of the larger Critical Mass rides for freedom to ride bicycles occurs in the city's downtown core. All of these events take place without serious incident, and, overall, the VPD has a strong track record of facilitating lawful protests.
|Police face protesters at the 2010 Winter Olympics |
The first test of the VPD approach to protests occurred two days before the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. Prime Minister Stephen Harper was in Vancouver and wanted to attend a Chinese New Year celebration in a Chinatown community center. Protesters who were in disagreement over his administration's opposition to the supervised injection site quickly marshalled 200 agitated protesters and blocked the entrance to the community center. They used chains and tape to lock the doors. The VPD police commander at the scene decided to allow the protest to continue, and after the protesters made their point with the news cameras, they withdrew and VPD officers removed the tape and chains from around the doors.
The next day had protest groups looking for key places along the Olympic Torch Relay to disrupt the procession. They laid down barbed wire and blockaded intersections. The torch was rerouted around these blockades and instead of the image of armed and helmeted police arresting protesters, the media reported on school children and war veterans who missed the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see the torch because of the "selfish" protesters.1
The next day, just prior to the opening ceremony, 1,500 chanting protesters wound their way through Vancouver streets and were shadowed by VPD bicycle patrol officers. While traffic disruptions were tolerated, a preplanned decision was made that the opening ceremony would not be interrupted. The proverbial "line in the sand" was drawn on the street outside a stadium that was filled with 60,000 spectators and athletes.
The protesters were stopped by 350 officers from the VPD and the ISU/RCMP. The VPD officers were specially trained officers from the Crowd Control Unit (CCU), who locked arms and would not let the crowd move closer to the stadium. They were backed by officers on horseback and arrest teams. The CCU commander deployed his officers in soft hats without face shields.
As the night went on, the composition of the protest groups became clearer. Some were idealistic people who wanted to peacefully express their personal beliefs. This included Native Indian elders, seniors against poverty, and environmentalists. The same crowd also contained approximately 100 anarchists and criminals who practiced a technique called Black Bloc. This tactic is used by anarchists who cover their faces and heads with black, ninja-style masks to make it difficult to identify them when they commit criminal acts.
As dusk descended, this large crowd surged several times, but the police line held steady. The criminal protesters became frustrated. They wanted police officers to wade into their ranks and start fights with them. They wanted the image of a police officer hitting a protester with a baton. They wanted to get tear gassed. They wanted the news media to record images of the police battling protesters, like what happened at the 1999 Seattle World Trade Organization (WTO) riots, the 1997 Vancouver Asia Pacific Economic Conference (APEC) confrontations, and the 2001 Quebec City Summit of the Americas riots. The anarchists spat into the faces of the frontline officers. They threw barricades and tried to incite the legitimate protesters to violence by shouting "The police are beating the elders!" and other lies.
One woman on the front line was 53-year-old Shena Meadowcroft, who was personally against the government spending on the Olympics. Her account in an e-mail to the Vancouver police chief provides the best description of the restraint shown by the integrated public-order officers.
I myself spent the better part of an hour or more face to face with several police officers. I will never forget how extraordinarily well I was treated by them. I wish that I could personally thank each and every one of the police officers who showed the utmost concern to my well-being that night. I was continually offered an opportunity to leave, and when I expressed my need to remain where I was, my needs were respected. Even while there was intense pushing and shoving on both sides, several of the officers kept asking me if I was OK.
Your officers were continuously insulted and spat upon, screamed at. At no time did I see any of them respond with anything but civility and politeness. What I can say is that no one deserves the continual berating and harassment, obscenities and personal attacks that these officers were subject to that night.
The opening ceremony protest was volatile and could have erupted into violence and mass arrests that would have overshadowed the event. Fortunately, the night ended peacefully. There was only one arrest; no protesters were injured, although two police officers had minor injuries. The news media reported on the exceptional restraint shown by the police, and the civil liberties "legal observers" had nothing to record.
|Officers approach protesters in the Heart Attack march |
in Vancouver's downtown.
The


We implemented the algorithm used to detect Tap-Wave-Rub's wave gesture following the instructions in [1]. Whenever the user wants to make a phone call, Tap-Wave-Rub asks her to perform a wave gesture, if the wave gesture is not detected within 10 seconds Tap-Wave-Rub does not allow her to make the phone call.
In our attack, SMASheD records a valid wave gesture and replays it. SMASheD was able to deceive Tap-Wave-Rub successfully.
 1. Haoyu Li, Di Ma, Nitesh Saxena, Babins Shrestha, and Yan Zhu. 2013. Tap-Wave-Rub: lightweight malware prevention for smartphones using intuitive human gestures. In Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Security and privacy in wireless and mobile networks (WiSec '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 25-30. DOI=10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_ _URL_


Read My Meter
Your PSNC Energy gas meter measures the amount of natural gas you use each month. Though they vary in size and shape, gas meters record usage by tracking the filling and emptying of the compartments inside the meter.
If you would like to track your usage over time, you can record your readings using our meter reading tracking table (PDF,14KB). But first, it will be helpful to understand how to read your meter. Doing so is easy. Just follow the steps below.
How to Read a Meter
The dials that record the amount of gas used are grouped together in a row of four or five on your gas meter. Each represents a single number in the reading. Here's how to read the meter dials on the meter at your home:
 1. Read the meter dials right to left, writing down the numbers in the same order (right to left).
 2. If the hand points between two numbers, use the lower number. When it points between 9 and 0, always read it as 9.
 3. When a dial pointer appears to be exactly on a number, look back at the dial to the right. If the pointer on that dial has not passed zero, the reading on the dial in question is the lower number.
Reading a Sample Meter
Sample meter
 - Dial A - The hand is in between the 9 and the 0, when the hand is in between two numbers, use the lower number. Dial A's number is 9. (this dial goes clockwise.)
 - Dial B - The hand is between the 2 and the 3, so this dial should be read as 2. (this dial goes counterclockwise.)
 - Dial C - The hand is between the 4 and the 5, so this dial should be read as 4. (this dial goes clockwise.)
 - Dial D - The hand is between the 5 and the 6, so this dial should be read as 5. (this dial goes counterclockwise.)
The correct reading for the sample meter is 5429. This means 5429 hundred cubic feet (CCF) of gas or 542,900 cubic feet.
Is Your Meter Accessible?
Even with Automated Meter Reading technology, PSNC Energy field representatives on occasion will need to manually read your gas meter. To provide the best service, make sure we can reach and read your meter.
 - Keep shrubs trimmed; don't block the meter.
 - Secure your animals if you know there is an appointment scheduled for PSNC Energy to visit your meter.
 - Unlock gates that allow meter access.
 - Never tamper with the meter or paint over the read dials
 - Do not chain or electrically ground anything to the meter.
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Maximum and Minimum Air Temperature Lapse Rates in the Andean region of Ecuador and Peru
To know the vertical distribution of air temperature is complex, and this is necessary for different applications. The main explanatory variable of air temperature is elevation above sea level, whose relationship with air temperature is measured by air temperature lapse rates (LRs). LRs can vary considerably spatiotemporally due to a wide spectrum of geographical, environmental, and other atmospheric factors. Our study presents the first comprehensive assessment of spatiotemporal changes of LRs over the Tropical Andes. Our study is focused on the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Andes, divided in two subregions by the parallel 9.5° (i.e., north and south). Maximum and minimum air temperatures were employed from 115 quality checked weather stations, for the period 1994–2011. Maximum (LRmax) and minimum (LRmin) air temperature lapse rates have been calculated for the whole study period. The effects of seasonality, humidity content and ENSO on the variability of LRs have been analyzed. Results show that LRs have large spatiotemporal variability, since references values of LRmax range from −3.57 (South, dry season) to −4.77 (North, wet season), and LRmin range from −3.78 (North, dry season) to −4.93°C km−1 (South, dry season), in function of season and subregion. Results indicate that the ENSO phases contribute significantly to the variability of southern subregion LRs. This study also presents that minimum air temperatures were more unpredictable than maximum air temperatures in terms of error and uncertainty, as a consequence of the larger spatial variability of nocturnal air temperatures, mainly influenced by local topography. In conclusion, this work goes deeper into the need to obtain precise LRs adapted to the study region, and shows that the use of standard LR values can cause significant failures in modeling air temperature in regions of complex terrain, such as the Andes.


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From Stargate Wiki
Climate change research
|Out of universe information|
The planet's Stargate is located in a valley close to a glacier. The atmosphere had succumb to a global warming effect. The Atlantis expedition set up the research outpost further up the valley closer to the glacier.
At some point in 2008 Dr. Nichols had set up a research outpost on this planet to study the effects of global warming. Some time later the glacier on the planet breached and flooded the valley the outpost was located. The research team was unable to make contact with Atlantis and so Woolsey sent Sheppard's team to discover why they had not made contact, exiting the gate underwater and having to seek refuge from the icy waters on top of the gate, while Col. Sheppard had to swim down and dial the Stargate. The team was forced to wait for the gate to deactivate before they could be retrieved by a Puddle Jumper but had to wait several hours for the flood waters to recede before they could return to Atlantis. (ATL: "The Shrine")


Table of Contents
Customizing chart-based insights
Applicable to Cosmos React and Theme Cosmos applications
Adjust the appearance and contents of chart-based insights to visualize only the specific information that is relevant to your business needs. For example, in a flight booking application, you can visualize data about recent reservations, and then filter the results by specific destinations to analyze the latest trends in business.
You can choose from a wide range of chart types to conveniently present your data.
Add the Explore Data page to your application. For more information, see Organizing the main menu for a portal.
You can add the Explore Data page only if your application uses a Cosmos React or Theme Cosmos in hybrid mode.
 1. In the navigation pane of your application, click Explore Data.
 2. In the Insights section, click the chart-based insight that you want to modify.
 3. On the right side of the insight, click Edit.
 4. In the customization screen of your insight, on the DATA tab, manage the content of your insight:
 Choices Actions
 Change visualization In the Chart type section, in the types list, select the chart that you want to view.
 Visualize specific data
 1. From the Fields section on the right side of the screen, drag numerical data into the Measures area.
 If you change the object type, the system discards all settings of the insight, such as filter conditions, chart type, and selected data.
 2. Create a chart by dragging further data into the Dimensions area.
 Drag the Loan amount and Customer data records into the Measures and Dimensions fields respectively to visualize the loans of specific borrowers.
 Change measures
 1. In the Fields section, in the Measures area, next to the record that you want to edit, click More, and then select a measure to include in the chart.
 For the Loan amount record, select Maximum to visualize records with the highest loan amount.
 For the Amount to insure record, select Count to visualize the number of items to insure per customer.
 Apply basic filters
 1. From the Fields section, drag the data by which you want to filter the chart into the Filters area.
 Drag the Last name record to filter results by specific surname.
 2. In the list of relational operators, select an operator for your filter.
 Select is equal to, and then enter Smith to visualize the loan data of customers whose surname is Smith.
 3. Click Submit.
 4. Optional:
 To apply more filters, drag more records into the Filters area.
 Apply advanced filters
 1. In the Filters section, click Add advanced filter, and then, in the dialog box with filters, click Advanced mode.
 2. In the Advanced condition field, enter the filter logic, and then click Submit.
 If you apply two filters, enter 1 OR 2 to filter data by either of the conditions.
 Sort data
 1. In the Sorting section, in the Sort by list, select the data by which you want to sort the chart.
 2. In the Sort order list, specify how you want to sort the data.
 Select Ascending to display values from lowest to highest.
 5. On the CHART tab of your insight, manage how the system displays supplementary information in the chart:
 Choices Actions
 Customize the range of axes
 1. Expand the Axis section.
 2. Manage the axes of the chart by selecting specific check boxes.
 Select Customize range, and then in the Minimum and Maximum fields, modify the scale of the chart.
 Toggle tooltips Expand the Tooltips section, and then select the Show tooltip check box to display supplementary information about the chart columns.
 Manage chart legend
 1. Expand the Legend section, and then select the Show legend check box.
 2. Customize the chart legend by providing specific details.
 In the Type list, select Check boxes to create a legend in the form of clickable check boxes.
 The system hides the columns that correspond to the check boxes that you clear.
 6. In the upper-right corner of the insight, click Save insight.
You can filter data of your insights to get the specific information that you require at the moment. The following visualization presents how to retrieve data about profits that each state generates by selling television sets that are shipped by regular air transport.
Applying filters in insights
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The crest is the official signature of The United Church of Canada, placed on legal documents, ordination and commissioning certificates, and licences to perform the sacraments. Designed by the Rev. Dr. Victor T. Mooney (a treasurer of the United Church), it was officially adopted in 1944 by the 11th General Council.
For our church members, this insignia is a spiritual and historic reminder. Its oval shape is derived from the outline of a fish, a symbol of identity by early Christians. The initials of the words "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour" spell the Greek word for fish.
The crest is designed in the form of a St. Andrew's Cross with an insignia in each of the four corners. The "X" at the centre, the first letter of the Greek word for Christ, is a traditional symbol for Christ. In the four corners of the crest are symbols, three of which are particularly associated with the three communions—Congregational, Methodist, and Presbyterian—that united to form The United Church of Canada in 1925.
- The open Bible represents the Congregational Churches with their emphasis upon God's truth that makes people free. From this communion we have a heritage of liberty in prophesying, love of spiritual freedom, awareness of the creative power of the Holy Spirit, and clear witness for civic justice.
- The dove is emblematic of the Holy Spirit (Mark 1:10) whose transforming power has been a distinctive mark of Methodism. Here our heritage is one of evangelical zeal, concern for human redemption, warmth of Christian fellowship, the testimony of spiritual experience, and the ministry of sacred song.
- The burning bush is the symbol of Presbyterianism. It refers to the bush that burned and was not consumed (Exodus 3:2), and symbolizes the indestructibility of the church. From Presbyterianism we have received a heritage of high regard for the dignity in worship, the education of all people, the authority of scripture, and the church as the Body of Christ.
- The symbols alpha and omega in the lower quarter are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. They symbolize the eternal living God, in the fullness of creation (Revelation 1:8).
The Latin words ut omnes unum sint that surround the symbols on the crest mean That all may be one and are taken from John 17:21. They are a reminder that we are both a "united" and "uniting" church.
In 1980, a French translation of The United Church of Canada—L'Église Unie du Canada—was authorized by General Council to be added to the crest.
In August of 2012, at the 41st General Council, The United Church of Canada acknowledged the presence and spirituality of Aboriginal peoples in the United Church by revising the church's crest. The crest changes include incorporating the four colours of the Aboriginal medicine wheel (yellow as a symbol of life and Asian people, black as a symbol of the south and dark-skinned people of the world, red as a symbol of the west and Aboriginal peoples, and white as the colour of the north and white-skinned people) and adding the Mohawk phrase "Akwe Nia'Tetewá:neren," which means "all my relations."