Categories: General
What does atu mean in English? If you want to learn atu in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Maori to English. We hope this will help you in learning languages.
Here is atu meaning in English:
additional Edit
away Edit
else Edit
extended Edit
more Edit
off Edit
other Edit
further Edit
furthest Edit
Look at these words in all languages: additional, away, else, extended, more, off, other, further, furthest
Check out other Maori translations to the English language:


text:
According to background information in the article, "there is growing concern worldwide about a possible increase in the risk of cancer among users of hair dyes." The authors add, "An association between hair dyes and cancer would be an important public health concern since about one-third of women in Europe and North America, along with 10 percent of men older than 40 years, use some type of hair dye. Permanent dyes, the most aggressive type, represent 70 percent of the market share even more in Asia."
Bahi Takkouche, M.D., Ph.D., from the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and colleagues analyzed data found in a medical literature search identifying 79 studies from 11 countries to examine the association between personal use of hair dyes and relative risk of cancer.
"Our results indicate that, globally, there is no effect of personal hair dye use on the risk of breast and bladder cancer," the authors report. "There is a borderline effect for hematopoietic cancers (for example, leukemia and multiple myeloma). However, the evidence of a causal effect is too weak to represent a major public health concern."
"Some aspects related to hematopoietic cancer and other cancers that have shown evidence of increased risk in one or two studies should be investigated further," the authors write in conclusion. "Efforts should be targeted toward the assessment of the risk of cancer in occupational settings where exposure to hair dyes is more prolonged and has a higher concentration and frequency than personal exposure."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


GLEP: 58 Title: Security of distribution of Gentoo software - Infrastructure to User distribution - MetaManifest Version: $Revision: 1.10 $ Last-Modified: $Date: 2010/04/07 21:34:24 $ Author: Robin Hugh Johnson, Status: Draft Type: Standards Track Content-Type: text/x-rst Requires: 44, 60 Created: October 2006 Updated: November 2007, June 2008, July 2008, October 2008, January 2010 Post-History: December 2009, January 2010 ======== Abstract ======== MetaManifest provides a means of verifiable distribution from Gentoo Infrastructure to a user system, while data is conveyed over completely untrusted networks and system, by extending the Manifest2 specification, and adding a top-level Manifest file, with support for other nested Manifests. ========== Motivation ========== As part of a comprehensive security plan, we need a way to prove that something originating from Gentoo as an organization (read Gentoo-owned hardware, run by infrastructure), has not been tampered with. This allows the usage of third-party rsync mirrors, without worrying that they have modified something critical (e.g. eclasses, which are still unsigned). Securing the untrusted distribution is one of the easier tasks in the security plan - in short, all that is required is having a hash of every item in the tree, and signing that hash to prove it came from Gentoo. Ironically we have a hashed and signed distribution (it's just not used by most users, due to it's drawbacks): Our tree snapshot tarballs have hashes and signatures. So now we want to add the same verification to our material that is distributed by rsync. We already provide hashes of subsets of the tree - our Manifests protect individual packages. However metadata, eclasses and profiles are not protected at this time. The directories of packages and distfiles are NOT covered by this, as they are not distributed by rsync. This portion of the tree-signing work provides only the following guarantee: A user can prove that the tree from the Gentoo infrastructure has not been tampered with since leaving the Gentoo infrastructure. No other guarantees, either implicit or explicit are made. Additionally, distributing a set of the most recent MetaManifests from a trusted source allows validation of trees that come from community mirrors, and allows detection of all cases of malicious mirrors (either by deliberate delay, replay [C08a, C08b] or alteration). ============= Specification ============= For lack of a better name, the following solution should be known as the MetaManifest. Those responsible for the name have already been sacked. MetaManifest basically contains hashes of every file in the tree, either directly or indirectly. The direct case applies to ANY file that does not appear in an existing Manifest file (e.g. eclasses, Manifest files themselves). The indirect case is covered by the CONTENTS of existing Manifest files. If the Manifest itself is correct, we know that by tracking the hash of the Manifest, we can be assured that the contents are protected. In the following, the MetaManifest file is a file named 'Manifest', located at the root of a repository. --------------------------------------------- Procedure for creating the MetaManifest file: --------------------------------------------- Summary: ======== The objective of creating the MetaManifest file(s) is to ensure that every single file in the tree occurs in at least one Manifest. Process: ======== 1. Start at the root of the Gentoo Portage tree (gentoo-x86, although this procedure applies to overlays as well). 2. Initialize two unordered sets: COVERED, ALL. 1. 'ALL' shall contain every file that exists in the present tree. 2. 'COVERED' shall contain EVERY file that is mentioned in an existing Manifest2. If a file is mentioned in a Manifest2, but does not exist, it must still be included. No files should be excluded. 3. Traverse the tree, depth-first. 1. At the top level only, ignore the following directories: distfiles, packages, local. 2. If a directory contains a Manifest file, extract all relevant local files from it (presently: AUX, MISC, EBUILD; but should follow the evolution of Manifest2 entry types per [GLEP60]), and place them into the COVERED set. 3. Recursively add every file in the directory to the ALL set, pursuant to the exclusion list as mentioned in [GLEP60]. 4. Produce a new set, UNCOVERED, as the set-difference (ALL)-(COVERED). This is every item that is not covered by another Manifest, or part of an exclusion list. 5. If an existing MetaManifest file is present, remove it. 6. For each file in UNCOVERED, assign a Manifest2 type, produce the hashes, and add with the filetype to the MetaManifest file. 7. For unique identification of the MetaManifest, a header line should be included, using the exact contents of the metadata/timestamp.x file, so that a MetaManifest may be tied back to a tree as distributed by the rsync mirror system. The string of'metadata/timestamp.x' should be included to identify this revision of MetaManifest generation. e.g.: "Timestamp: metadata/timestamp.x: _PHONE_ Thu Jul 10 20:41:01 2008 UTC" The package manager MUST not use the identifying string as a filename. 8. The MetaManifest must ultimately be GnuPG-signed. 1. For the initial implementation, the same key as used for snapshot tarball signing is sufficient. 2. For the future, the key used for fully automated signing by infra should not be on the same keyring as developer keys. See [GLEPxx3] for further notes. Notes: ====== The above does not conflict the proposal contained in [GLEP33], which restructure eclasses to include subdirectories and Manifest files, as the Manifest rules above still provide indirect verification for all files after the [GLEP33] restructuring if it comes to pass. Additional levels of Manifests are required, such as per-category, and in the eclasses, profiles and metadata directories. This ensures that a change to a singular file causes the smallest possible overall change in the Manifests as propagated. Creation of the additional levels of Manifests uses the same process as described above, simply starting at a different root point. MetaManifest generation will take place as part of the existing process by infrastructure that takes the contents of CVS and prepares it for distribution via rsync, which includes generating metadata. In-tree Manifest files are not validated at this point, as they are assumed to be correct. -------------------------------------------------------- Verification of one or more items from the MetaManifest: -------------------------------------------------------- There are two times that this may happen: firstly, immediately after the rsync has completed - this has the advantage that the kernel file cache is hot, and checking the entire tree can be accomplished quickly. Secondly, the MetaManifest should be checked during installation of a package. ---------------------------------------------------- Procedure for verifying an item in the MetaManifest: ---------------------------------------------------- In the following, I've used term 'M2-verify' to note following the hash verification procedures as defined by the Manifest2 format - which compromise checking the file length, and that the hashes match. Which filetypes may be ignored on missing is discussed in [GLEP60]. 1. Check the GnuPG signature on the MetaManifest against the keyring of automated Gentoo keys. See [GLEPxx3] for full details regarding verification of GnuPG signatures. 1. Abort if the signature check fails. 2. Check the Timestamp header. If it is significantly out of date compared to the local clock or a trusted source, halt or require manual intervention from the user. 3. For a verification of the tree following an rsync: 1. Build a set 'ALL' of every file covered by the rsync. (exclude distfiles/, packages/, local/) 2. M2-verify every entry in the MetaManifest, descending into inferior Manifests as needed. Place the relative path of every checked item into a set 'COVERED'. 3. Construct the set 'UNCOVERED' by set-difference between the ALL and COVERED sets. 4. For each file in the UNCOVERED set, assign a Manifest2 filetype. 5. If the filetype for any file in the UNCOVERED set requires a halt on error, abort and display a suitable error. 6. Completed verification 4. If checking at the installation of a package: 1. M2-verify the entry in MetaManifest for the Manifest 2. M2-verify all relevant metadata/ contents if metadata/ is being used in any way (optionally done before dependency checking). 3. M2-verifying the contents of the Manifest. 4. Perform M2-verification of all eclasses and profiles used (both directly and indirectly) by the ebuild. Notes: ====== 1. For initial implementations, it is acceptable to check EVERY item in the eclass and profiles directory, rather than tracking the exact files used by every eclass (see note #2). Later implementations should strive to only verify individual eclasses and profiles as needed. 2. Tracking of exact files is of specific significance to the libtool eclass, as it stores patches under eclass/ELT-patches, and as such that would not be picked up by any tracing of the inherit function. This may be alleviated by a later eclass and ebuild variable that explicitly declares what files from the tree are used by a package. ==================== Implementation Notes ====================


Research articles Open Access
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Immigrants to the European Union may have a higher susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus primo-infection than the indigenous population. There is no evidence as yet that this is caused by genetic or social factors. Therefore, susceptibility could be due to a lesser transmission of the virus in their ecosystems of origin. A multicentre observational study was performed from July 2004 to June 2006 in four primary healthcare centres in Catalonia, Spain, monitoring varicella incidences and comparing standardised incidence rates and standardised rate ratios among different populations classified according to their biogeographical origin (holarctic, Asian paleotropical, African paleotropical or neotropical). Overall, 516 varicella cases were recorded. The standardised incidence rates per 1,000 inhabitants per year were: holarctic: 2.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95-2.39); autochthonous 2.26 (95% CI: 2.03-2.49); immigrants 3.59 (95% CI: 2.92-4.26); neotropical 4.50 (95% CI: 3.28-5.71); non-holarctic 5.38 (95% CI: 4.27-6.14); Asian paleotropical 7.03 (95% CI: 4.77-9.28); and African paleotropical 7.05 (95% CI: 1.12-23.58). The difference to the autochthonous population was greatest in immigrants of neotropical origin (standardised rate ratio = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.61-2.64) or 4.5 excess cases per 1,000 inhabitants per year) and Asian paleotropical origin (standardised rate ratio = 3.24 (95% CI: 2.47-4.11) or 9.6 excess cases per 1,000 inhabitants per year). Biogeographical origin may therefore account for the vulnerability of certain immigrant populations to varicella, in particular those from Asian paleotropical (Indostan and Southest Asia) and neotropical (South America and the Caribbean) ecosystems. Vaccination of immigrants at high risk (fertile women, healthcare workers) could be recommendable.
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Rising Damp Treatment Guide
What is Rising Damp?
Rising Damp is caused by moisture rising from the ground into the walls of a building. Damp is able to rise up the walls because most construction materials contain tiny pores. These pores 'suck' water from the ground, causing moisture to rise up the wall in the same way that oil rises through the wick of a lamp.
Dryzone damp-proofing cream works by preventing moisture rising through these pores.
How high does it rise?
The height to which rising damp will rise up a wall depends on a number of factors including the size of the pores in the wall, the type of wallpaper or paint on the wall, and the degree of dampness in the ground. In most cases, rising damp is unlikely to rise above 1.5 metres. However, in extreme cases (e.g. where the wall has been covered with an impervious membrane) moisture can rise more than 2 metres up the wall.
How do I know if I have Rising Damp?
Dryzone is specifically designed for the treatment of rising damp, so it is important to be certain that this is the cause of dampness before treatment begins. Other types of dampness that affect buildings (e.g. condensation, lateral damp, penetrating damp) are treated in different ways.
Further information about diagnosing rising damp can be found in our free publication "Rising Damp and its Control" which can be downloaded free of charge from HERE.


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Instrumentation Fabrication Branch - Fabrication Group
The Fabrication group is responsible for the layout, fabrication, buildup, testing troubleshooting, repair, and modification of ground based and airborne electronics.
Technician wiring test box
Fabrication technicians have the ability to work independently or as part of a team. They are responsible for all stages of a project's planning and development and work directly with engineers and other customers to resolve anomalies and clarify project requirements.
Technician assembling instrumentation pallet
When a project is in the planning or development stages, the Fabrication lab can aid engineers by providing the following services:
- Fabrication of test boxes and instrumentation systems
- Recommending changes in design to facilitate fabrication and assembly
- "Ruggedization" of commercial grade hardware to NASA specifications
- Evaluation and selection of materials, electrical components and suppliers
- All phases of PCB manufacturing and production to include locally manufactured prototype single and double sided circuit boards as well as outsourcing of multi-layer analog, digital, and hybrid circuits
- PC board component population utilyzing programmed automated pick and place solder dispensing. No need for stencils.
- Engraving plaques, faceplates, and equipment labels
- Heater blankets and controls
- Assembly and repair of Control Position Transducers
Technician at engraving station
The Fabrication group has three designated inspectors and one QI inspector assigned to the lab. This allows inspection to be accomplished concurrently with fabrication, buildup, and testing.
Technician manufacturing printed circuit board

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Let's talk about vocation
As often happens, the most important things in life are difficult to define.
The concept of vocation lends itself to various interpretations and therefore can confuse. We can use the word vocation in different ways, at different levels. There are, for example, "vocational" schools; it is said that someone has "a lot of vocation" for some trade or profession; if a boy gets out of the seminary "he had no vocation". And we also talk about "marriage or religious vocation". What are we talking about?
The word vocation comes from Latin: Vocare, which means called. Feel a vocation is tantamount to saying that someone is calling me. Otherwise, it doesn't make sense.
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Latest Issue July 2021
CARPology Bait
How to make the 'Brick'
A tactic that has not been employed for a long time...
It's very easy to forget the past when you're always looking to the future for the next big (and new) thing. Many of the tips and tactics from yesteryear can provide a modern-day edge, simply because they have not been employed for so long. 'The Brick' is one very good example of that.
The process of forming The Brick is similar to that of making boilies, only on a different scale. Instead, a larger piece of boilie paste is formed into a brick-like shape and boiled, giving a variety of taste, texture and attraction levels throughout the cross-section and offering you a mass of presentation possibilities and applications. Here's how you make it…
What you need:
Base mix (we're using Urban Bait's Nutcracker)
Liquid attractors (Nutcracker in this case)
Mixing bowl
Cling film
1. Break three eggs into a mixing bowl and add your flavours/liquids.
2. The dry ingredients go in next.
3. Slowly build up what will be a pliable paste – mixing with a fork and then by hand. The finished paste shouldn't be too wet and sticky, but also not too dry and crumbly.
4. Form a couple of compact 'bricks' and wrap in cling film.
5. Boil vigorously for ten minutes.
6. Once boiled, remove the bricks from the water, remove the cling film and place on a towel to dry.
6. The finished brick(s) will regain colour and harden on the outside but retain a softer inner texture. Cut up into squares and soak.


Since: DataTables 1.10
Search for data in the table.
The ability to search a table for data is core to the concept of DataTables, as it allows data to be easily accessed by users. This method provides the ability to control the global search of a table through the API. The global search is performed across all searchable columns (see columns.searchable to disable searching for certain columns). If data is found matching in any column, then the whole row is matched and shown in the result set. Searching on individual columns can be performed using the columns().search() and column().search() methods.
DataTables has a built in search algorithm referred to as "smart" searching and is designed to make searching the table data, easy to use for the end user. A smart search in DataTables provides the following abilities:
 - Match words out of order. For example if you search for Allan Fife it would match a row containing the words Allan and Fife, regardless of the order or position that they appear in the table.
 - Partial word matching. As DataTables provides on-the-fly filtering with immediate feedback to the user, parts of words can be matched in the result set. For example All will match Allan.
 - Preserved text. DataTables 1.10 adds the ability to search for an exact phrase by enclosing the search text in double quotes. For example "Allan Fife" will match only text which contains the phrase Allan Fife. It will not match Allan is in Fife.
The smart search ability of DataTables is performed using a regular expression and can be enabled or disabled using the third parameter of this method. If you wish to use a custom regular expression, for example to perform whole word exact matching, you would need to enable the regular expression option (second parameter) and disable the smart search option (third parameter) to ensure that the two do not conflict. DataTables provides a utility method ($.fn.dataTable.util.escapeRegex()) to escape regular expression special characters, which can be useful if you mix user input with regular expressions.
Note that this search ability in DataTables is actually technically a filter since it is subtractive. However, we term is a search to avoid naming conflict with the filter helper method.
Please be aware that this method sets the search to apply to the table only - it does not actually perform the search. In order to have the search performed and the result shown, use the draw() method, which can be called simply as a chained method of the search() method's returned object - for example table.search( 'Fred' ).draw();. This is to provide the ability to queue multiple changes before performing a draw.
function search()
Get the currently applied global search. If there is more than one table in the API's context, the search term of the first table will be returned. Use table() if you require the search term of a different table in the API's context.
The currently applied global search. This may be an empty string if no search is applied.
function search( input [, regex[, smart[, caseInsen ]]] )
Set the global search to use on the table. Note this doesn't actually perform the search, but rather queues it up - use draw() to perform the search and display the result.
DataTables API instance
Search the table using a custom input:
// _TAG_ is a element
$('_TAG_').on( 'keyup', function () {
 table.search( this.value ).draw();
} );


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Is there a way to fetch the current reference count for an NSObject (i.e. NSString)?
As _USER_ S said, it's the
retainCount method. However, you're asking the wrong question, because:
Important: Typically there should be no reason to explicitly ask an object what its retain count is (see retainCount). The result is often misleading, as you may be unaware of what framework objects have retained an object in which you are interested. In debugging memory management issues, you should be concerned only with ensuring that your code adheres to the ownership rules.
So here's the real question: why do you need to know?


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The federal government has an active role in ensuring everyone's safety at swimming pools, both public and private. The EPA has put in place guidelines regarding swimming pool chemical usage and discharge. There are also building code requirements, both local and national, addressing swimming pool construction and safety. In the past few years Congress has enacted new government regulations stemming from the Americans With Disabilities Act and the Virginia Graeme Baker Act that also impact the swimming pool industry directly. A brief explanation of these laws, as well as links to more information on them is offered below.
ADA Accessibility Guidelines from the APSP (Associaton of Pool and Spa Professionals) Website.
The deadline for existing pool and spa compliance with sections 242 and 1009 of the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standard for Accessible Design was January 31, 2013. Pools built or renovated since March 15, 2012, are currently required to meet the ADA requirements. APSP urges facility operators and owners of pools and spas that fall under the requirements to work with an APSP member company to provide a barrier removal analysis, if they have not already done so. For additional information on the ADA requirements for pools and spas, visit the APSP website to access the DOJ's Technical Assistant Document, the ADA's 2010 Accessibility Standards, and the APSP FAQs. For more information directly from the Federal Government about the ADA as it relates to pools and spas, visit ADA.gov.
Other links you may find helpful are: ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities and Click Here to read the specific sections concerning pool lifts. Costs vary on the ADA approved lifts, but generally start at about $6000.00, including installation. If you have questions regarding this act or how it may affect your specific water facility, contact us and we will be happy to discuss it.
Main Drains / VGBA
Due to the Virginia Graeme Baker Act (VGBA) that Congress passed into federal law in December, 2007, main drain covers are still a hot topic. The intention of the law is to prevent accidental drowning and injury due to entrapment on the suction grates of all swimming pools, spas and fountains.
You can read more about the act on the U.S. Government page of the Consumer Product Safety Commission at this link:
What does this mean? If you are a commercial operation such as a hotel or health club, the local health department may close your facility down until you are in compliance with the law. Compliance may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as local laws may go beyond the minimal regulations established in VGBA. However, at the minimum, the main drain grates on your water facility probably need to be changed to the new approved grates.
If you are a home pool owner and your pool was built before 2008, your pool is probably not in compliance and you may run the risk of accidental entrapment in your pool. Please call us if you would like us to assess your pool for this risk.


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Microsoft Excel lets you create tables, spreadsheets and graphs that contain data of all types. One type of data that is commonly found in an Excel spreadsheet is calendar data, but it can be a pain to have to type dates over and over. One way to get around this issue is to insert a calendar drop-down menu into your cells so that you can pick the dates from the calendar rather than having to type them in. If you want to insert such a calendar into your spreadsheet, you can do so by enabling Developer Mode from the program's main menu.
Click the "Office" button and select the "Excel Options" option from the drop-down menu that appears.
Click the "Popular" tab in the "Options" menu and place a check mark next to the "Show Developer Tab in the Ribbon" option. Click "OK" to save the changes.
Click the "Developer" tab, followed by the "Insert" menu. Select the "More Controls" button in the drop-down menu that appears.
Highlight the "Microsoft Date and Time Picker Control" option, then click "OK."
Click on the upper left corner of the cell to which you want to add the calendar and drag your mouse pointer to the cell's bottom-right corner. This will draw a rectangle around the cell.
Release your mouse button to insert the calendar into the cell. Whenever you click on the cell, the calendar drop-down menu will appear.


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Tecumseh is a town on Lake St. Clair east of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In the municipal restructuring of 1999 the town of St. Clair Beach and the Township of Sandwich South were amalgamated into Tecumseh. Previously, in 1991, part of Sandwich East also merged into Tecumseh.
From its origins in the late 1700s as a small Franco-Ontarian settlement with only a church, a school, a post office, a hotel and a general store, it has evolved into a thriving town or 23,500 people at the 2011 census. Food processing is a major industry in Tecumseh.
The map of Essex County circa 1951 from Ontario Archives locates the individual townships, city, towns and villages of the county. (Click at the bottom of the page to see the map enlarged.)
A sketchmap from Ontario GenWeb provides a simple illustration of the location of the former townships.
This is a sketchmap from Wikipedia illustrating the new subdivisions of Essex County.
In 1792, Tecumseh, then known as Ryegate Postal Station, had only three families. In 1912. Ryegate Postal Station was renamed Tecumseh in honour of Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee Tribe who was killed at battle in the War of 1812. Tecumseh had a large Franco-Ontarian population, and when nearby Windsor started to grow into the area, there arose conflict between the Loyalists and the Canadiens.
The creation of Tecumseh Road in 1838 and the establishment of the Great Western Railway opened up the area for settlement. The town became an important railway depot and stopover for travellers. County residents took horse and buggy into Tecumseh and then transferred onto the train, journeying by rail the rest of the way into Windsor. Several popular hotels were started in Tecumseh to accommodate travellers. The Bedell Hotel, the Soulliere Inn, the Hebert and the Hotel Perreault were some of the places most frequented by travellers and locals alike.
The French were for the most part the original settlers of Tecumseh, the majority of them descendants of the Frenchmen who had established their seigneural land holdings along the banks of the Detroit River in 1700s.
As the Town of Windsor grew, Tecumseh began to experience new blood when the overflow of immigrants coming to the city began to settle in the peripheral regions as well. Indicative of the change was the mix-up created by the introduction of the tomato to the area of Tecumseh. Many of the English residents of the community refused to touch the suspicious red vegetable believing it to be a "Love Potion"concocted by the amorous Frenchmen. The first post office was located on the northeast corner of Tecumseh and Lesperance and was operated by a Mr. Christie. Some of the first businesses in Tecumseh included a lumber mill operated by J.B.Cada; a grocery store operated by Arthur Cecile; a cheese factory on Banwell Road operated by Joseph Breault; a bakery owned by John Dugell; three butcher shops; a canning factory and a brewery eventually closed under Carling Company. In 1921 it was felt that Tecumseh was not getting its fair share of improvements in proportion to the taxes paid to the municipality of Sandwich East. A group of people headed by Malcolm Clapp petitioned the legislature to separate from the township and incorporate as the Town of Tecumseh with a population of 978. Dr. Paul Poisson was appointed as the first mayor of the town.The real growth in Tecumseh occurred in 1931 with the establishment of the Green Giant Factory as Fine Foods of Canada. Green Giant (now Carriere) is still located in Tecumseh and continues to employ full and part time workers.
As the population grew, so did the demands for services. The Ontario Provincial Police started policing the Town in 1948 with 2 officers. In 1922 a fire chief was appointed although no fire department was in existence, the fires were fought by town volunteers.
In 1999, as part of a reorganization of Essex County, Tecumseh was merged with the Village of St. Clair Beach, and the Township of Sandwich South into the Town of Tecumseh. In 2003, the City of Windsor annexed approximately from the Town of Tecumseh. Now considered to be a bedroom community of Windsor, Tecumseh is often cited as an example of urban sprawl; new subdivisions have developed on some of Canada's most valuable agricultural land beginning in the late 1980s.
The primary source for basic documents (vital statistics, land records, wills) for people who lived in the Province of Ontario is the Archives of Ontario, 134 Ian Macdonald Blvd, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M7A 2C5.
Civil registration did not begin in the province until 1869. Before then there may be church records of baptisms and burials. For the most part these are still held by the denomination who recorded them. Copies of marriage records made pre-1869 had to be sent by individual clergymen to the registrar of the county in which the marriage took place. These marriage records are available through Ontario Archives, on micorfilm through LDS libraries, and on paid and unpaid websites, but because they were copied at the registrars' offices, they cannot be considered a primary source.
Vital Records after 1869
Birth, marriage and death registrations are not open to the public until a specific number of years after the event occurred. Births to 1914 are now available [October 2012]; dates for marriages and deaths are later. Birth and death registration was not universally carried out in the early years after its adoption. Deaths were more apt to be reported than births for several years. The more rural the area, the less likely it would be that these happenings were reported to the authorities.
Land Records and Wills
Information on how to access land records and wills is best sought on the Archives of Ontario website. An ancestor's land holding might be found on Canadian County Atlas Digital Project if he was in occupancy circa 1878.
Association for the Preservation of Ontario Land Registry Office Documents (APOLROD). A list of Land Registry Offices for all Counties of Ontario.
The original censuses are in the hands of Library and Archives Canada. All of the original census (_PHONE_) images are online with the exception of that for 1861. Not all of them are indexed. Later censuses are not yet available. Census divisions were redrawn as the population increased and more land was inhabited.
E-books and Books
Some websites with more local information on Essex County


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Adaptive advantages of maternal care and matriphagy in a foliage spider,Chiracanthium japonicum (Araneae: Coubionidae)
- Cite this article as:
- Toyama, M. J Ethol (1999) 17: 33. doi:10.1007/BF02769295
I examined the function of maternal care in a foliage spider,Chiracanthium japonicum. Females of this species make breeding nests with rolled-up grass leaves and provide themselves to spiderlings as food at the end of maternal care. By removing mothers from their offspring at 2 different times, the effects of maternal care on egg and spiderling survival rates were estimated separately. Mother attendance greatly improved survival and development of eggs as well as spiderlings. Detailed observations on the fate of immatures in breeding nests with and without their mothers showed lower hatching and spiderling emergence rates when mothers were removed. Furthermore, spiderlings that fed on their mother's body showed accelerated growth and quickly molted into the 3rd instar with the delay of dispersal. This suggests that matriphagy, or eating the mother, enables spiderlings of this species to disperse at a later instar. Therefore, I conclude that the maternal care of this spider consists of guarding offspring, supporting offspring development and feeding spiderlings.


This is the mail archive of the mailing list for the libstdc++ project.
Other format: [Raw text]
sso tradeoffs
I am for the first time today poking around the extension short string implementation. I wanted to explore some of the design tradeoffs that we currently have.
The class layout currently looks like:
Allocator - space optimized
union {
CharT buf[16],
This gives a 6 word size for string (CharT is char).
This is a respectable design, and according to Effective STL, very similar, if not a little better (imho) than implementation "D" from ESTL.
The short/long flag is a check to see if the CharT* references the internal buffer or not.
1. Very fast iterator creation (simply return the CharT*).
2. Very fast indexing (index off of the CharT*).
3. Decent internal buffer size before switching to long strings.
Disadvantages (compared to what I'll show below):
1. Significantly more complicated/slower swap (and thus move assign).
2. Slower move construction.
3. Slightly slower default ctor.
Ok, enough blowing smoke. Here's an alternative to consider:
union {
Allocator - space optimized
raw_memory is simply an array of size_type[n_words] where n_words is the number of words in the greater of long_rep or short_rep. Having this raw_memory view of the string can be handy when you know you just need to blow bytes from one location to another.
long_rep is a struct that looks like:
size_type short/long flag : 1
size_type capacity : number of bits in size_type - 1
size_type size
CharT* data
sizeof(long_rep) is 3 words. Except for the leading short/long flag, this is a pretty standard looking string. capacity is cut by half due to stealing a bit for the short/long flag.
short_rep is a struct that looks like:
union {
struct {
unsigned char short/long flag : 1
unsigned char size : number of bits in unsigned char - 1
CharT padding // unused
CharT buf[min_cap]
Ok, the short_rep is a little complex looking. In a nutshell its high order bit is the long/short flag (in the same spot as in the long_rep). Next comes 7 bits of size. In the short form, size is going to be small, and 7 bits is plenty (can represent size up to 127). The padding member only comes into play when sizeof(CharT) > 1. When CharT is a char, padding is the same size as (and shares storage with) the flag/size field. Finally there is the internal buffer.
And the big question is: how big should min_cap be?
The very minimum that min_cap can be is 1. Rationale: The default ctor must not allocate memory. And the default ctor must store the trailing '\0'.
Consider the effects of a very large min_cap, say 128. This is obviously too big. Why? It would take way too much time to pass this thing around by value. sizeof(string) is a very important number, and even more so with move semantics looming on the horizon.
An ideal move constructor will just blow bytes from source to target, and then zero out the source (set the source to a default ctor'd string). The cost of this operation will be proportional to sizeof (string).
An ideal move assignment will just swap bytes between source and target - same operation as swapping strings. Again the cost of this operation will be proportional to sizeof(string).
I anticipate that move construct, move assign, and swap will be performance critical operations for string in C++0X. Therefore one possible rationale for the ideal min_cap is one which makes sizeof (short_rep) == sizeof(long_rep). I.e. min_cap is set to maximize the internal buffer subject to the constraint that you only have sizeof (long_rep) bytes to work with.
On a 32 bit word / 8 bit char machine this gives the capacity of a short string 10 chars (min_cap is 11).
On a 64 bit word / 8 bit char machine the short string capacity jumps to 22 (min_cap is 23).
The capacity for the short string shrinks as sizeof(CharT) grows (from this rationale). Here is a summary, sizeof is in bytes:
32 bit machine:
sizeof(CharT) sizeof(basic_string) short_capacity min_cap
1 12 10 11
2 12 4 5
4 12 1 2
64 bit machine:
1 24 22 23
2 24 10 11
4 24 4 5
A first reaction is that these internal capacities are awfully small (I had the same reaction). But...
Moving is going to be at least twice as fast as a string with twice the sizeof. And moving is how future strings will get around as they are shuffled within vector, or within a std::algorithm, or returned by value from a function (if rvo is otherwise disabled).
Further benefits:
If the short/long flag is chosen to be 0 means short, then the string can be default constructed by just shoving zeroes into it. This is 4 non-branching inlined assembly statements (at most): load an immediate 0 into a register, then store that register to 3 memory locations (ok, so you might have to specialize on std::char_traits for that one - but it is worth it). This is a wicked small and fast default ctor:
li r0,0
stw r0,56(SP)
stw r0,60(SP)
stw r0,64(SP)
I'm not implying that it needs to be coded in assembly, it doesn't. This is what gets generated by using the "raw memory" interface.
1. Ok, the internal buffer is small. Long strings are obviously going to occur with greater frequency.
2. Indexing is slow. The index operator must check the short/long flag to find the data buffer.
3. Iterator creation is slow for the same reason that indexing is slow. However note that iterator creation is rare compared to iterator use. Once iterators are formed, and passed to an algorithm, there is no slow down (the iterator can be a simple pointer). So if clients are encouraged to iterate instead of index when possible, disadvantages 2 & 3 tend not to be significant.
One of the big differences between the two designs is the selfreferential nature of the CharT* pointer: pointing into itself in one design, and being a completely different pointer in the other. Each favors different things: one favors indexing and iterator creation, the other favors swap/move, and to a lesser extent default ctor.
 These are just my musings. I know a lot of good and hard work has been put into the current sso_string.h. And I'm confident that it will blow away the ref-counted design. But here are some further considerations...


Harry Potter Wiki
Antioch Peverell's enemy
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Antioch's enemy
Antioch Peverell's victim
Biographical information
Between 12 July, 1214 and 18 May, 1291
Physical information
Magical characteristics
"The first brother travelled on for a week or more, and reaching a distant village, he sought out a fellow wizard with whom he had a quarrel. Naturally, with the Elder Wand as his weapon, he could not fail to win the duel that followed. Leaving his enemy dead upon the floor, the oldest brother proceeded to an inn, where he boasted loudly of the powerful wand he had snatched from Death himself, and of how it made him invincible."
Beedle the Bard, The Tale of the Three Brothers.[src]
Antioch kills
Antioch kills this wizard in a duel.
This man (fl. 13th century) was a wizard with whom Antioch Peverell had a quarrel. When Antioch obtained his unbeatable wand, he killed this wizard in a duel and later went into an inn, where he boasted about his powerful wand. Peverell, while sleeping "wine-sodden", had his wand stolen and his throat slit by a thief.
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iBooks Author: section
A section is a part of a chapter. You can use sections to divide up your chapter. For example, a book about mammals could have a chapter called "Bears," which could contain sections such as "Polar Bears," "Grizzly Bears," and so on. You can also use sections for self-contained content within a chapter, such as lessons, activities, or case studies. Sections are numbered independently of chapters. If a chapter uses sections, you can include standalone pages before the first section, but not between or after sections.
Each template contains several chapter and section layouts that you can customize. There are also sections preformatted for copyright, dedication, and foreword information.


How to Create a File in Python
How to Create a File in Python
In this article, we show how to create a file in Python.
Basically, what is meant is Python can create a file from scratch using the open() function.
Say, if we use the open() function and, inside of it, specify a file that doesn't currently exist in the directory, Python will create the file.
So, say if we have the statement, openfile= open('file.txt', 'a') and the file, file.txt, doesn't exist in the current working directory, then Python will create that file.
So, in the code below, Python will create the file, file.txt.
So, first, we must import the os module.
After this, we create the chores.txt file with the open() function. We put it in 'a' mode for append. Once this line is executed, then the chores.txt file is created.
After this, we then write to the chores.txt file. We do this through the write() function. We take the choresfile variable and use the write() function on it to write to the file. Today, I did all those chores, so those are what came to my head.
After this, we close the file, or else the contents will not have been written to it.
And this is all that is required to create a file in Python.
In this example, we create a text file (.txt). However, this can really be any type of file, such as an HTML file, a PHP file, etc.
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The Robotic Workshop
The Robotic Workshop was a toy kit, much like Lego Mindstorms, that allowed users to build and program robots using a home computer.
Access Software announced The Robotic Workshop in the January 1987 issue of Ahoy! magazine. A review later appeared in the May 1988 issue of Compute! magazine. The kit included over 50 Capsela parts, including two motors, gears, wheels, and sensors. It also included an electronic control unit that plugged into the user port of a Commodore 64, an instruction manual with 50 tutorial projects, and special programming software on a floppy disk. It was later released for Apple, Atari, and IBM computers.
|This computing article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This toy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


Skip to definition.
Noun: ethical drug e-thi-kul drúg
 1. A drug that is available only with written instructions from a doctor or dentist to a pharmacist
 "he told the doctor that he had been taking his ethical drug regularly";
 - prescription drug, prescription, prescription medicine
Derived forms: ethical drugs
Type of: medicament, medication, medicinal drug, medicine
Encyclopedia: Ethical drug


Skip to definition.
Verb: invert in'vurt
 1. (music) make an inversion (in a musical composition)
 "here the theme is inverted"
 2. Turn around the position, order, relation, or condition of
 "when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb";
 - reverse
 3. Turn inside out or upside down
 - turn back, reverse
Derived forms: inverted, inverts, inverting
Type of: alter, change, modify, reorder
Encyclopedia: Invert


Last updated: 2020-02-24 16:23:24
 Overall Architecture
 This section describes the design and implementation of the TKE system. Its product architecture is as shown below:
 1. TKE is adapted and expanded based on Kubernetes, so it supports native Kubernetes capabilities.
 2. Tencent Cloud's Kubernetes plugins are available to help you quickly build Kubernetes clusters in Tencent Cloud.
 3. TKE provides cluster management, application management, CI/CD, and other advanced capabilities on the upper layer of Kubernetes.
 Module Description
 1. TKE Console and TencentCloud API: You can manipulate clusters and services using the console, kubectl, or APIs.
 2. Image service modules: You can upload and download images through the image service modules provided by Tencent Cloud.
 3. TKE modules: These are the core modules of TKE, and include clusters and services CRUD operations.


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Before we get to features, let's talk about installation. You can buy the best alarm in the world, but if it's not properly installed it will invariably let you down. Consumers should always look for a sign at their installing dealer that says MECP Certified. That means that installers working at that store are Mobile Electronics Certified Professionals.
Now that you've found an MECP certified installer, what features are you looking for? Let's first talk about security features, and then convenience features, because today's full-featured "car alarm" has both. For security, let's first talk about sensors. You need a good shock/impact sensor. Besides sounding the alarm if a thief opens a door or your trunk, you want the system to detect a sharp impact, which is the job of the shock sensor. You'll want a "dual stage" shock sensor, which discriminates between a light impact (which typically provokes chirps or a voice command to stand back) and a heavy impact, which triggers the full wrath of the siren. These are some additional sensors you might want to add to your system:
- An audio sensor, to detect breaking glass
- A "radar" or field disturbance sensor, especially if you have a convertible or a pickup truck
- A motion sensor, to detect jacking or towing and a closed loop sensor, to protect a trailer, boat or bicycles
One other feature you may want to look for is transmitter range. Many transmitters have range of 100 feet or less, but systems with superheterodyne receivers, like Directed's Super HF (SHF) systems, offer range of up to a full quarter mile!
Now let's talk about convenience, because the sky's the limit! Almost anything electrical in the car can be rigged to perform by remote control from the little transmitter on your keychain. Here are 3 of them:
- Remote Start. Starts your engine with the push of a button, to warm up the engine and interior in the winter, or to run your air conditioner in the summer.
- Remote Power Windows. A nice convenience feature. When the system arms, it automatically rolls your windows up. You can also roll them down or vent them by remote control.
- Trunk Pop. Open your trunk with the push of a button.


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When news happens, text SDE and your photos or videos to 80360. Or contact us by email and phone.
Southampton's historic dock gates saved from demolition
SOUTHAMPTON'S famous dock gates have been saved.
A Government preservation order has been placed on the imposing landmarks, just days before they could have been knocked down.
When plans by Associated British Ports (ABP), owners and operators of the city's docks, emerged last month to demolish the distinctive structures, there was a local outcry to save the long-standing landmark gates.
Following a recommendation by English Heritage to the Government, the entrances at Dock Gate 8 and Dock Gate 10 have now been safeguarded for future generations and are officially listed as Grade II buildings.
Heritage watchdog the City of Southampton Society was so concerned over the planned destruction it submitted an application straight away once details of the proposed scheme were made public.
Arthur Jeffery, the society's vice-chairman, said: "We are absolutely delighted at this news as the gates are an important part of the city's historic waterfront.
"These are art deco style gates and the society feared that they could have gone the same way as the former Ocean Terminal in the Eastern Docks back in 1982."
Southampton City Council also recommended the gates to be listed, describing them as "a rare and evocative survival of inter-war maritime port structures of clear special architectural and historical interest".
A Grade II listing means a structure is considered to be nationally important and imposes strict regulations and limitations on future work and repairs, which can be carried out on the structure.
Back in the 1950s when the docks were known as the "Gateway the World" because of the many ships departing to all corners of the globe, these were the two gates through which most people began their journeys.
During the Second World War the structures, especially Dock Gate 8, guarded the docksides, especially during the build-up to D-Day in June, 1944, when more than two million American soldiers left Southampton for the beaches of Normandy.
The same gate was the backdrop when hundreds of dispirited German prisoners of war trudged from the waterfront before being dispersed to various camps.
ABP had wanted permission to demolish the gates and was making preparations for the work to be done at the end of this month.
The port operator argued that the gates, which have stood since the development of the Western Docks in the 1930s, were obstacles standing in the way of progress and demolition would allow bigger loads to enter the port, ease traffic delays and provide extra security facilities.
An ABP spokesman said: "We understand that the Southampton Dock Gates have been listed as Grade II structures. "ABP is of course happy to respect the decision and will take the existing infrastructure into account when planning any future developments."


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PyX — Example: drawing/arrow.py
Adding an arrow when stroking a path
from pyx import * c = canvas.canvas() c.stroke(path.curve(0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3), [style.linewidth.THICK, style.linestyle.dashed, color.rgb.blue, deco.earrow([deco.stroked([color.rgb.red, style.linejoin.round]), deco.filled([color.rgb.green])], size=1)]) c.writeEPSfile("arrow") c.writePDFfile("arrow")
The example shows how to use an arrow decorator instance to add an arrow to a path when it is stroked. Instead of using a default arrow instance, we create a highly customized arrow head.
Apart from setting arrow specific features like the arrow size, a list of styles and decorators can be passed to the arrow. In this example, the arrow is stroked in red with round corners. In addition, the arrow is filled in green.
Note that style properties are inherited from the outer towards the inner decorators. In this example, the linewidth is also used when stroking the arrow head. We could for example also skip the color.rgb.green value in the
deco.filled decorator and the arrow would be filled in blue.
To continue removing the deco.filled features, it is equivalent to write
deco.filled. This is due to the fact that
deco.filled already is an instance, which can be modified by call. An empty list does not really modify it. But you could even skip
deco.filled completely and the arrow would still be filled with blue color. The reason is that the arrow is implemented in a way that it always merges the
filled decorator. This step in the evaluation of the attributes is transparent to other settings: if we would replace the
color.rgb.green, we would still get a filled green arrow. You could then remove the
deco.stroked inside of the arrow instance and the line would become green as well. Note that the order of the attributes is not important for this style delegation feature.
Since we have learned that the arrow decorators always fill the arrow head by default, the question is now whether and how such a feature can be removed. This is done by clear instances available as a
clear class attribute. Hence in case of
deco.filled, it is available as
deco.filled.clear. When you add this attribute to the earrow call, the arrowhead will not be filled anymore and you will notice that the blue line is not stroked inside the arrowhead.
You might also have noticed, that the dashed linestyle is not used when stroking the arrowhead. This is similar to the default
filled feature of the arrowhead: The arrowhead merges a
style.linestyle.normal to ensure a solid line. Instead of manually setting
style.linestyle.dashed in the arrowhead, you could use
style.linestyle.clear to restore the linestyle setting of the path.
The arrow head is a so-called ornament. Beside attaching stroke and fill styles during the process of converting a path into a decorated path, any number of ornaments can be added to the decorated path. When adding ornaments, parts of the path can also be marked as not-to-be-stroked. While this is taken into account in a final stroke operation, different decorators do not see this information such that decorators always commute.


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Research is not a new concept to the Idaho Transportation Department. It's been fundamental to highway maintenance and construction almost since Idaho's highways first received hard surfaces.
A Feb. 18 Transporter story incorrectly introduced Matt Moore's as the department's first full-time Research Manager. Indeed, his appointment significantly expands the role research will play in all facets of ITD operations (beyond highway maintenance and construction) and will enhance the exchange of current information.
But, as several ITD veterans pointed out this week, the department has supported a full-time research position in the past. Bob Smith and Stephen Loop provide historical perspective:
"Jim Hill was the full-time Research Engineer, originally in the Materials and Research Bureau under Lief Erickson," writes Smith.
"Following Lief's retirement, the Research Section was downgraded and absorbed into the Materials Section. The Materials and Research Bureau was eliminated in favor of an Operations Bureau under (at that time) Don Cox. Prior to the creation of the Research Section, Lief was the primary proponent of Transportation Research. Much of the research at that time was done in-house."
"Prior to the Research Manager position being combined with the Assistant Materials Engineer position, the Research Manager position was a full-time position," Loop adds. "There was also a separate Research Section at that time.
"Jim Hill was the Research Manager and became the Research/Assistant Materials Engineer when the positions were combined and the Research Section was abolished. When Jim Hill retired, Bob Smith replaced him in the combined position. The previous Research Section, while smaller than the Planning Section, was on an equal footing with the Planning Section within the Bureau of Management and Planning."
Moore apparently has a solid legacy to build upon in his new position. His charge remains, however, to elevate research to a new level and improve access to information across ITD's many disciplines.
The lesson provided by Smith and Loop affirms the important role long-time employees serve in keeping ITD's history alive.


How to use IMPRODUCT Function in Excel
The Excel IMPRODUCT function returns the product of one or more complex numbers. The complex number must be in the form x + yi or x + yj. Use the COMPLEX function to create a complex number from real and imaginary parts
Syntax:= IMPRODUCT(inumber1, [inumber2], …)
The IMPRODUCT function syntax has the following arguments:
 - Inumber1, [inumber2], … Inumber1 is required, subsequent inumbers are not. 1 to 255 complex numbers to multiply
Example: Let's look at some Excel IMPRODUCT function examples and explore how to use the IMPRODUCT function as a worksheet function in Microsoft Excel:
IMPRODUCT Function 1 - How to use IMPRODUCT Function in Excel
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A2,B2)
IMPRODUCT Function - How to use IMPRODUCT Function in Excel
Based on the Excel spreadsheet above, the following IMPRODUCT examples would return:
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A3,B3)
Result: 12-4i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A4,B4)
Result: 90+120i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A5,B5)
Result: -17-51i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A6,B6)
Result: -11+18i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A7,B7)
Result: -16-37i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A8,B8)
Result: 1+9i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A9,B9)
Result: 8+10i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A10,B10)
Result: 54-99i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A11,B11,C11)
Result: 411-378i
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A12,B12,C12)
Result: 75+125j
Syntax: =IMPRODUCT(A13,B13,C13)
Result: -4-58j
 1. The formula returns the _TAG_! error if the complex number doesn't have lower case i or (iota).
 2. The formula returns the _TAG_! Error if the complex number doesn't have correct complex number format.
 3. The product of two complex numbers is: IMPRODUCT Function in Excel - How to use IMPRODUCT Function in Excel
READ: How to use IMSEC Function in Excel
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During the Geostat meeting (_URL_ an excursion to the Rieselfelder area a meadow bird conservation area near Muenster was organized. It is one of these areas where human have accidentally shaped a landscape that turned out to conserve nature. A nice example of how unexpected rural areas developments shape the current European rural landscape.
|The major and regulation pond|
Rieselfelder used to be shaped by sewage farming. Beginning of the century, the waste water of Muenster were directed to Rieselfelder, where the waste water was used to fertilize the land. As the city of Muenster grew, more and more waste water was directed to the area and farming became impossible in the middle of the century. Only in the late seventies the city of Muenster put an waste water plant into operation. In the meantime, waste water continued flowing into the abandoned Rieselfelder area. The waste water laid there and create small ponds full of mud and prevented tree and shrubs to grow. The openness of the landscape and also the nutritious mud attracted many meadow birds who found there the peace for breeding and abundant food, in a time where these types of landscape disappeared from the European map.
|A smaller pond|
Today, after several attempt to transform the Rieselfelder area into an industrial zone, it finally became a nature conservation area under the European bird directive. It is formed of several ponds with rids where meadow bird find the safety and silence to breed. The recycled water from the waste water plant flows into the biggest pond, that also serves as a reservoir. During the summer, the water from the reservoir is used to fill the other small ponds making sure that the area stays wet enough. The decreasing level of water in the reservoir during this period results in a bigger muddy zones, which insures that the meadow bird find sufficient food during the breeding time.
|The regulation point of the major pond/reservoir|
The whole area has also been well planned for recreation and attracts the city dwellers who less than 10 km from the town center find a place to relax, without disturbing the breeding meadow birds. Also the biological field station offers children program so that every child regardless of her/his background can discover nature. The biological field station also maintains the area with some employees and many volunteers and collect data about meadow birds.
It is an interesting story showing that the lack of urban planning has created an environment that on other location has disappeared and has become today one of the crucial nodes in Europe for migrating birds : a multifunctional landscape worth a visit and some thoughts about the human nature interaction.
More info can be found under _URL_
|Our very engaged and passionate guide|


goals. A hook such as "Ragnar respects his mentor" can be restated as "Ragnar has a goal of honoring and emulating his mentor." Stakes are the chance to achieve or prevent harm to the thing one or more characters care about.
If you've been reading Run a Game, you already know I believe there are two types of stakes: Threats and Opportunities.
 - Threats happen when a conflict threatens to harm or frustrate the PCs' goals ("The villain is tarnishing Ragnar's mentor's reputation. What can he do to repair the damage and stop the villain?")
 - Opportunities happen when the PCs can take a risk to advance their goals ("Ragnar's mentor learned a powerful battle stance by visiting the monk atop the mountain. Can Ragnar replicate his mentor's great journey?")
What You Need to Know about Stakes
Setting stakes is a GM "core competency." Getting good at setting stakes makes your games better. This is because the clearer the stakes, the stronger the tension. Here's the formula for fun in RPGs, once again:
Story generates problems, problems set the stakes, the stakes create tension, excitement comes from daring action in tense situations, and fun comes from participating in exciting action.
Stakes apply at every level of your game. There are stakes for a single die roll to complete a task. There are stakes for a series of tasks to overcome a challenge. There are stakes for challenges to resolve a scene or encounter. There are stakes for resolving the component scenes to complete an adventure goal. There are stakes for completing adventure goals to achieve the campaign goal.
You should make the stakes clear for every die roll. That's right, describe the stakes for every single roll of the dice. This is what people mean when they refer to Vincent Baker's "say yes or roll the dice" credo. The only time a die roll matters is when failure matters. The only time failure matters is when something is at stake.
What stakes you use set the mood of your game. RPGs with lighter mood tend to focus on death and treasure stakes, with the former being rare and the latter being common. RPGs with darker mood tend to focus on mature, gritty stakes like innocent people being harmed, descent into madness and despair, and utter ruination. Compare dying in 5th edition D&D to finding your agent's Solace exsanguinated in Night's Black Agents. D&D death is a temporary annoyance, but the loss (and possible Turning) of a Solace is a moment of horror in Night's Black Agents.
Your players provide you with hooks to generate stakes from. Here's the thing... you can only generate stakes from what the players tell you they care about inside the game world. The players tend to tell you what they care about when they write a character background, or buy into your plot hooks. If there are no compelling hooks and the character backgrounds are thin on pathos, you're stuck threatening to kill the PCs all the time, and that's boring.
Stakes help you control the pace of the game. You adjust the pace of the game with three sliders:
- How often you introduce stakes (instead of exposition scenes)
- How often those stakes are threats instead of opportunities
- How high those stakes are - they should build to a climax
Stakes let you frame scenes around the real dramatic question of the conflict, rather than the shape of a dungeon room and stats of its inhabitants.
The more you use life-or-death stakes, the less meaning life-or-death stakes have!
Character death cannot serve as the stakes of every encounter. This is mainly because you really can't afford to.
Let's do the math. Say you're running a game for 4 hours a week for a year. That's 200 one-hour scenes. Let's say you want about two characters to die as major dramatic events during the campaign. And let's say you want dangerous life-or-death scenes to feel really scary - with about a 20% chance a character could die in that scene. We divide the number of expected character deaths by the number of hours played, then divide that by how scary we want our life-or-death scenes to be. That tells us we have to limit life-or-death scenes to 5% of all scenes in the campaign!
2 character deaths
÷ 200 hours
÷ 20% chance of character death
= 5% of scenes
Another way to look at that math is to reverse it to assess how lethal a game like D&D really is. As it turns out, it's not very lethal. Some even say D&D is too easy. Say 50% of scenes in your D&D campaign are going to use life or death stakes. That means, to get 2 character deaths over 200 hours of play, scenes have to have a mere 2% chance of character death. If you raise the threat level, you will have a geometric increase in character death. Going to 20% lethality means you'll have 20 character deaths, or about one every other session. Your players will rebel, unless this is an ensemble method survival horror game.
Character death should rarely be part of the stakes, except in D&D and Pathfinder, where (after a certain level) character death is just a temporary status effect (albeit a nasty one). You can make life-or-death stakes more fun by using house rules like the Death Omens rule from Reinhart at Chaos Engineering.
And again, if you're playing D&D or Pathfinder, even death stops being all that high stakes once the PCs can bring back the dead.
Consider this: Your 9th level Pathfinder rogue is dangling over a 200' drop onto jagged rocks, but so too is a 10,000gp ruby. You have one action. Do you save yourself or save the 10,000gp ruby that will surely be shattered and worthless if it falls on the rocks below?
Answer: The ruby, of course! It only costs 5,000 to bring you back from the dead, and 1,000gp (each) for the two Restoration spells to fix the negative levels you come back with. You can afford to come back to life and still have 3,000gp of profit compared to losing the ruby!
Obviously 99% of players would role-play their character, make the choice of self-preservation and avoiding horrible pain, and watch the ruby fall. But it's a perverse incentive. What if the situation were murkier? What if it was a room full of traps instead of a precipice? "Here, guys. Hold my Scroll of Raise Dead while I go into that room and try to get the ruby."
Even in a game that's all about fighting, you can go a long time without life or death stakes. Here's a big list of stakes in combat other than life or death. (Remember how much I love examples? That list is so good, I don't feel the need to give you examples. Just go read it!)
Insights from History
Our RPG hobby grew out of wargaming. In a traditional wargame, like Warhammer, players build armies and models, then battle to see who wins. The challenge is beating the other guy. In Gary Gygax's group, they started moving toward having several players play single heroes, with one player challenging the group with horrible monsters. The origin of our hobby had no stakes but death.
As the game evolved, the players decided that their heroes were adventurers seeking glory and treasure. The stakes grew from "life or death" to "treasure or no treasure." Players quickly became fond of their characters. Soon they started developing personalities, histories, and individual goals for them. Dave Arneson started to structure games around an ongoing storyline, with multiple plot threads, colorful antagonists, and a vibrant campaign world called Blackmoor. Soon, TSR published Greyhawk, and other campaign settings followed. The available stakes started to include "success or no success" at adventure goals, in addition to treasure and death.
As time went on, new RPGs were developed, and some emphasized the personal agendas and many games were written to "focus on story." Today, we have real "story games" where the players play with the story itself; but back in the 1990s, "focus on story" meant "stakes other than death and treasure." It was that innovative.
Compare Vampire: the Masquerade with Shadowrun with AD&D 2nd Edition. The three games came out at about the same time. AD&D 2nd Edition is still mostly "death or treasure." Shadowrun is a "death or nuyen" game, but it incorporates other character goals - enmity with various corporate and supernatural villains, allegiance with various social groups and political movements, advancing freedom and justice in a world gone terribly wrong, etc. Vampire: the Masquerade was quite the innovation, focusing first and foremost on characters' personal (usually political) agendas, with death-related stakes taking a back seat -- and almost no treasure-related stakes.
Today, even D&D has incorporated


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Environmental quality in urban forests in Campinas – São Paulo State/Brazil
Free (open access)
Volume 2 (2019), Issue 2
117 - 130
Regina Marcia Longo, Alessandra Leite Da Silva, Sueli Do Carmo Bettine, Antonio Carlos Demanboro, Adriano Bressane, Felipe Hashimoto Fengler & Admilson Irio Riberio
The process of ecosystem fragmentation causes three types of changes in the ecosystem: changes of abiotic, direct biotic and indirect biotic nature. Among these changes, some of them are the microclimatic alterations, edge effect, decrease of the gene flow and losses of biodiversity, among others. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of forest remnants in a highly urbanized area through environmental indicators and landscape metrics, such as total area, circularity index, shape of forest fragments, nuclear area, connectivity between them, use and occupation around and distance from the nearest neighbor. The indicators were evaluated according to the methodologies established in the literature and grouped into an index to determine the environmental quality of each forest remnant. The index consisted of the sum of the weighted values for each indicator, according to its classification. The results indicate that most forest remnants evaluated in the study area present medium environmental quality, which demonstrates the degree of edge effect to which they are submitted, and this emphasizes the need for appropriate management actions in these areas, in order to soften such external pressures and ensure long-term sustainability. In addition, it was also identified that the metrics related to the area are essentially important for the determination of the environmental quality of forest remnants.
environmental indicators, forest remnants


Why choose electric forklifts?
Forklifts are essential equipment in all kinds of industries and environments, found everywhere from factory floors to retail stores.
The most common type of forklift is a sit-down, counterbalanced model with an internal combustion (IC) engine fuelled by propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), diesel, or gasoline. However, a growing number of companies are turning to electric forklifts to manage costs, efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
Electric forklifts come in many types and sizes and can offer long-term advantages when you select the right model for your work environment.
Benefits of electric forklifts
Making the switch to an electric forklift offers many benefits when compared to a traditional IC engine forklift.
Lower maintenance costs
Electric forklifts have fewer moving parts requiring maintenance and repair, and forklifts with alternating-current (AC) motors are particularly low-maintenance. Unlike their lead-acid battery counterparts, forklifts with lithium batteries don't require the need to build and maintain a battery charging and changing room.
Environmental benefits
Electric forklifts produce almost no emissions, create no fluid waste requiring disposal, and their batteries are recyclable.
Lower fuel costs
Electric forklift batteries are rechargeable, so there's no need to keep purchasing and replenishing consumables like propane or diesel. Insurance premiums for electric forklifts can also be lower than for those powered with combustible liquid and gas fuels.
Less noise and vibration
The quiet, smooth motion of an electric forklift helps reduce operator fatigue.
More flexibility
Some types of electric forklifts are designed to maneuver in narrow aisles and tight spaces, while others are able to handle much smaller items than typical forklift models.
Understand the drawbacks
It's important to understand the drawbacks of electric forklifts before deciding to make the switch. These include higher upfront costs, and the necessity for adequate electrical service and charging infrastructure, among a few others.
However, experts recommend that buyers focus on the total cost of ownership when deciding between electric and IC models. We can help with that. Try our electric forklift cost calculator to see the potential savings for yourself.
Tell us about your project
Talk to your key account manager or regional energy manager about how
electric forklifts may affect your electrical service and your bill.
Not sure who to contact? Call our business helpdesk
Lower Mainland: _PHONE_
Elsewhere in B.C.: _PHONE_


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The classic free-speech axiom is that the cure for bad speech is more speech. This Article considers the possible social costs of speech, focusing on speech strategies that impede and degrade change, even if the speech itself is socially acceptable. This Article introduces the Clucking Theorem, which states that human nature unnecessarily inflates the costs of processes related to proposed legal changes. Clucking is a form of externality—it is an action that inflates the social costs associated with discourse over a new or revised norm. It also alters transitions, degrades the quality of reforms, impedes certain changes, and facilitates undesirable transitions. This Article's inquiry into the characteristics of clucking is supported by a qualitative study of debates and disputes over changes to backyard chicken laws in more than one hundred localities between 2007 and 2010. This study emphasizes that certain clucking characteristics are unrelated to the substance of the issue at stake, the size of the population, or the innovation in the proposed change. In synthesizing the study, this Article identifies five categories of individuals who engage in clucking: losers, winners, status quo enforcers, political opportunists, and human roosters. Finally, this Article stresses that civility norms and procedural rules are viable means to reduce the social costs of clucking.
A supplement to this article is available here.


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BJP5 Exercise 2.22: DollarFigure
Language/Type: Java classes for loops nested loops
Author: Marty Stepp (on 2019/09/19)
Write a Java program called DollarFigure that produces the following output. Use nested for loops to capture the structure of the figure.
Type your solution here:
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Log In
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text:
One frequently asked question is "How does Exchange back up my data?" People ask this question for a number of reasons.
- Concerned with how their data will be recovered if there is a failure in the environment
- They may be wondering how to recover their data if it gets deleted accidently
There are many things that can disrupt service availability:
- hardware failure
- natural disasters
- human error
To ensure that your data is always available, our Exchange infrastructure uses advanced technology to ensure that services continue with minimal interruption and data is up-to-date, even when unexpected events occur.
But what happens if users accidently (or purposefully) deletes data from their mailboxes?
Exchange provides a number of features that can help you restore that data:
- Deleted Item Recovery. Users can restore items that have been deleted from any email folder. Here's how the process works: When an item is deleted, it is kept in a user's Deleted Items folder. After an item has been removed from the Deleted Items folder, the item is kept in a Recoverable Items folder—where it can be restored by an administrator—for an additional 14 days before being permanently removed. (Please note that if an administrator has placed a user's mailbox on legal hold, purged items are retained indefinitely and the 14-day window does not apply.)
- Deleted Mailbox Recovery. When an Exchange mailbox is deleted, its contents are recoverable for 14 days.
- Single Item Recovery (Rolling Legal Hold). Sometimes an organization wants to preserve users' mailbox contents for archiving and eDiscovery purposes, but only for a specific amount of time. The Single Item Recovery feature is a great way to accomplish this. It uses the same mechanism that legal hold uses to permanently
preserve original copies of items that have been modified or deleted, but provides "rolling legal hold" capabilities that allow you to define a set period of time. Administrators can set the period by extending the Single Item Recovery retention period to any length of time by contacting the support.
NOTE: Not all plans support Single Item Recovery and some plans limit the length of the hold.


Random Thoughts – Randocity!
Is Tesla Innovative?
Posted in botch, business, technologies by commorancy on July 16, 2021
I've been confronted with this very question many times on Social Media, specifically Twitter. Many people who own Tesla vehicles vehemently insistent that Elon Musk and Tesla's products are innovative. But, is Tesla really innovative? In short, no. Let's explore why.
via Oxford Dictionary
As a first step, we need to define the word, innovation. As you can see from its definition from Oxford Dictionary, it is defined as 'a new method, idea, product, etc'.
The difficulty with this definition is that it doesn't go deep enough to explain what the word new actually means in this definition's context. This definition assumes the reader will understand the subtle, but important distinction of using the word 'new' in this definition.
Many people will, unfortunately, conclude that 'new' means 'brand new' as in a 'just manufactured' new model car. Simply because something is brand spankin' new doesn't make it innovative. However, a 'brand new' car model might contain some innovative elements, but the technology behind a car's functional design may not be innovative or new at all… contrary to Oxford's complicated use of the word 'new'. As an example, both random cars in general and specifically electric vehicles are not new. In fact, mass produced cars have been the norm since 1901 and electric cars have been prototyped since the 1830s. While those electric prototypes weren't truly cars in the mass produced sense, they were functional prototypes which showed that the electric vehicle technology is possible, functional and, most importantly, feasible.
You might then be thinking that Tesla was the first to create mass produced electric cars. Again, you'd be wrong. In fact, the first mass produced electric car was General Motor's EV1, produced in 1996. The EV1 appeared 12 years before the first electric vehicle rolled off the assembly line at Tesla… and Tesla's cars appeared 178 years after the first electric car prototype appeared. That's a long time… definitely not 'new'.
Electric vehicle technology was not at all new when Tesla decided to roll out its all electric vehicles. The only claim to fame that Tesla can profess is that they were able to sort-of Apple-ize their car in such a way that it warps the minds of buyers into believing it is 'the best thing since sliced bread'. Ultimately, that defines an excellent sales strategy… what Elon Musk is actually known for.
To Tesla's credit, they were the first viable luxury class vehicle to also claim the electric vehicle moniker. That claim doesn't necessarily make the vehicle innovative. It makes Tesla's sales and marketing team innovative in that they can make electric vehicle technology 'sexy' for the well-to-do crowd. Before Tesla, luxury car brands mostly avoided making electric vehicles. Even then, being able to successfully market and sell a product doesn't make that product innovative. It simply means you're good at selling things.
For example, Steve Jobs was the master at selling Apple products. To be fair, Steve Jobs didn't really have to do much in the way of hard sells. When Jobs was at the helm, many of Apple's early products were indeed innovative. If you need an example of innovation, Steve Jobs's products mostly epitomize it.
Tesla, on the other hand, absconded with several key things to produce its Tesla electric vehicles: 1) Luxury car designs (which already existed), 2) electric vehicles (which already existed) and 3) standard off-the-shelf battery technology (which already existed). None of these three ideas were new in 2008. That Tesla successfully married these things together isn't considered true innovation. It's considered incremental innovation. Taking already existing pieces and putting them together to make a successful 'new' product is common in many industries. This is incremental in that these things already existed and it was only a matter of time before someone put them together in a cohesive way. Is that innovation? No. Why? If Tesla hadn't done it, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac, Bentley or another luxury brand would have at some point. Though, Tesla's early claim to fame wasn't even luxury, it was sports cars. However, Tesla has dropped the sports car idea in lieu of being a luxury brand.
Product Innovation Types
I'll circle back around to the above, but let's take a break here to understand the two primary types of innovation.
The first type of innovation is breakthrough innovation. This rare type of innovation offers a concept the world has never seen and usually results in a paradigm shift. Example: The Wright Brother's first flight which brought about the paradigm shift into commercial aviation… a whole new industry emerged as a result.
The second type of innovation is incremental innovation. This much more common type of innovation takes existing ideas and marries them into a single new product. Example: The iPhone.
Some might consider both the iPad and the iPhone as breakthrough innovation. Instead, the first Apple computer would be considered breakthrough innovation and ultimately what, in part, lead to the iPhone and iPad. However and to be fair, both the iPad and iPhone products are technically incremental innovation. Prior to the iPad, there had been several tablet style computers (e.g., GRiD and even the Apple Newton) that, for whatever reason, never really took off. Handheld PDAs were actually a form of tablet. Cell phones were very popular long before the iPhone arrived. The iPhone, like the Tesla, successfully married three concepts: a computer, the cell phone and PDA into what became the smartphone.
However, even though incremental, both the iPhone and the iPad were responsible for a technological computing paradigm shift. The primary innovation seen in these devices was not from the marriage of existing technology, but from the speed, size, weight, high res screen and functionality that the devices offered… particularly when combined with the app store and a reasonable price tag. It's much more convenient and fast to grab a tablet to quickly search the web than sitting down at a desk and powering up a desktop computer. It is the internal functions and features and flexibility that set these devices well apart from their earlier computer brethren which offered slower computing experiences at higher prices.
Steve Jobs was a master at miniaturizing computers into much smaller versions with reasonable price tags and which included high end features. This strategy is what set Apple, then NeXT, then Apple again… apart from the rest of their competitors. That was with Steve Jobs at the helm. Since Job's passing, Apple is still attempting to ride Steve Jobs's coattails, but those coattails are getting raggedy at this point. If Apple doesn't come up with something truly breakthrough innovative in the next few years, they're likely to begin losing sales in larger and larger quantities. Even more than this, another upstart company in similar Tesla form will step in front of Apple and usurp the industry. A business cannot keep selling the same devices over and over and expect success to continue. Apple needs another paradigm shift device to keep its success streak going. I digress.
Tesla's Innovation
Circling back around to Tesla, we should now be able to better understand why what Tesla includes in its vehicles, while luxurious and technologically interesting, is nothing actually very new. It's new in the sense of being recently manufactured, yes, but the technology itself is old from an innovation sense. In other words, Tesla had no hand in that technology's development. An example, Tesla's choice to place a large touch screen panel in the middle of the dashboard, while interesting, is simply considered luxury as touch screen flat panels are not technologically new. What about the all electric car itself? It's not new either. Remember the 1830s? Remember the EV1? Not new.
What about the battery that powers the car? That battery technology is not new either. Technologically, it's simply a standard lithium-ion battery built large enough to support operating a motor vehicle. Tesla didn't design that technology either. Tesla might have had a hand in requesting the battery's size, weight and power requirements, but that's not innovation… that's manufacturing requirements. The lithium-ion battery technology was created and produced much, much earlier in the 1980s. In fact, Akira Yoshino holds the 1983 patent for what is effectively the lithium-ion battery technology still being produced today… yes, even what's being used in the Tesla.
You may be asking, "So what is innovative about the Tesla?" That's a good question. Not very much to be honest. The car body's design is at least proprietary, but functionally utilitarian just as most car bodies produced today are. The pop out door handles might be considered somewhat innovative, but these are born out of luxury, not out of necessity. They look cool, but don't really serve a truly functional purpose. In this sense, while the handles might be considered innovative, they're incremental and don't serve a true purpose other than for aesthetics. The same statement of aesthetics can be said of a lot of both the interior and exterior of the Tesla. Functionally, the Tesla vehicles are cars.
The Tesla cars are designed to give the owner a luxury driving experience both inside and out. The all electric drive train helps reinforce that luxury function due to its torque, performance and acceleration power. Even the charging stations were built out of sales necessity, not out of innovation. You can't exactly sell many electric vehicles if you can't charge them easily. The proliferation of the recharge stations was, as I just said, born of necessity. Yes, this infrastructure is important to all future electric vehicles. However, Tesla built them coast to coast to ensure that Tesla owners could at


1. Using 3/4-in. flat paintbrush, apply three coats of MagiKote to each ball, ensuring that you coat inside the indentations as well. Allow two-three hours dry time between each coat.
 2. Sand the entire surface to remove any rough edges.
 3. Using 3/4-in. flat paintbrush, paint entire ball Americana White Wash for the baseball and/or soccer ball, and Americana Cadmium Orange for the basketball. Paint a second coat when first has dried.
 4. Use a pencil to lightly draw the lines where the baseball stitches will go. Also draw on the soccer ball sections. After the painting step and the paint has dried, excess pencil marks can be easily erased.
 5. Use liner paintbrush to paint the lines of the basketball and the soccer ball using Americana Lamp (Ebony) Black. Using the same brush, paint the baseball stitches using Americana Berry Red.
 6. Use a flat paintbrush to fill in the black sections of the soccer ball.
 7. Erase any excess pencil marks.
 8. Use 3/4-in. flat paintbrush to add two coats of Starlight Topcoat.
 9. Cut a piece of sturdy string to 12-in. in length. Holding the two open ends together, tie ends in a knots, inserting the head end of a stick pin just before tightening. Insert pointed end of stick pin into the top of the ball. Before pushing the pin all the way in, add a dot of hot glue around the pin, then push the pin all the way in.
 NOTE: If you find that using a marker is easier for you than paint and a liner brush, you can substitute using this method.
Sports DIY Ornaments Craft c/o Country Woman's featured blogger Amanda of Crafts by Amanda.
To read more about Amanda and her blog, check out our blog and craft spotlight.


Laku Ritual Dalam Tradisi Pencak Siiat Untuk Keselamatan
Oleh :
Suryo Ediyono - 196601201993031001 - Fak. Ilmu Budaya
Suryo Edltonol
Pencak silat will be danger if ir is owned and mastered by person nor having good character.
Pencak silat school offers something promising for current modern sociery life such as health,
medication, self defense and inner power. Tradition in pencak silat culrure is one of active efforts of
Javanese people in looking for self identity. This research was inrended to look for essence ofpencal
silat, to describe ritual rradidon in pencak silar Persaudaraan setia Hati rerate and ro find our
meaning beyond hhu nnal of pencak silat uadidon in obtaining salvarion. This research used
historicd factual method through descripcion, hermeneutic interpretation, coherence a-nd synthesis.
The resulc is that pencak silat in essence conrain selfdefense, sport, art ard mental spiritual as uniry.
futua.l tradidon of pencal< silat in Persaudaraan Setia Hari Terate includes physica.l test, spirirual resr,
jago' mabar, betel vine and unbleached plain cloth. The ritual was conducted in Suro monrh as sacred
month, self cleaning and self introspecrion for Javanese people. salvation was obtuned rhrotgh hhu of
pencak silat including phpic, spirit, and soul rhar is understood through externaJ, internal ard
invisible environmenr. The three dimensions create common consciousness, sub consciousness, and
high consciousness. Finally, ritr.ral process ofpencak silat induces physical power as hanuragan, inter
powet u haaashitan and spirirual power as hwampuman,
Keyrvords: Iaha rixral, pencak silar rradition, salvation