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A jQuery plugin for easy creation of responsive lightbox-style
media galleries and carousels. Features:
- Groups together your media in a lightbox-style gallery or carousel.
- Autorotating carousels.
- Carousel pager support.
- CSS transitions.
- Basic UI included.
- Lazyloads images and video through lazysizes.js.
See below for basic setup and examples.
Download from GitHub, or install from npm or bower:
You will find everything you need in the folder
- Add slidebox.css to the header of your html.
- Load jQuery in your page, preferably in the footer to optimize load times.
- On the next line load slidebox-min.js or slidebox-lazy-min.js.
- Create a gallery by wrapping your images in an element
slide-box. See the examples below, and the source of this page.
Example 1: Image Grid with Zoom
You can nest images one element deep. The parent element needs to have a class of
slide. For instance:
background-size: cover to create image blocks equal in size. Look at the CSS included on this page in /demo/demo.css.
Example 2: Carousel
Create a carousel by adding the class
box-carousel to your container. Carousels have pager support built-in. If you want a pager, include it in HTML following the structure below.
As a starting point, the default
slidebox.css provides a responsive width of 50% as a starting point, with an image ratio of 4/3. You can override this in your own CSS. For instance, if you need the carousel to have a fixed width.
The carousel above has been set to 100% of its parent by defining these styles:
Make sure to load your CSS after the included stylesheet.
Example 2A: Automatic Looping
Create a carousel that loops by itself by setting two data attributes:
- Time between slide transitions in ms.
Example 3: Lazy Loading
slideBox.js can lazyload images through the lazysizes.js plugin.
To make this work:
- Load the lazy version of the plugin: slidebox-lazy-min.js.
- Add the CSS class
lazyloadto your slide element.
- Move your image source to a data attribute called
Created by Carst vd Molen


What Does 'Voicemail Transcription Not Available' Mean?
RevBlogResourcesWhat Does 'Voicemail Transcription Not Available' Mean?
iPhone's automatic transcription of voicemails is extremely convenient for people who need readable records of their messages. But this AI-based service doesn't always work well. The voicemail transcriptions can be inaccurate, incomplete, or missing altogether. It's not uncommon to find the error message "transcript not available" when you access your visual voicemail.
This can be because the phone is a older model, needs an iOS update, or is experiencing glitches. You can troubleshoot your voicemail transcription problems by resetting your network settings. But if your iPhone voicemail transcription still isn't working, then you may need to get outside help to create text records of your messages.
Why are Voicemail Transcriptions Useful?
Voicemail transcriptions are handy for both personal and professional use. Transcriptions can give you a visual reference for information given in voicemails, such as phone numbers, appointment times, instructions, and more.
Here are just a few examples of situations in which having voicemail transcripts can be useful:
 - A construction manager receives a message from the plumbing contractor they hired. The message gives an update on their work, plan changes, and when they think they will finish their installation.
 - A law office gets voicemails from clients who are sharing important information about their cases.
 - A journalist reached out to a company for a comment on local news. The company's owner responds via voicemail.
 - A customer reaches out to a mechanic shop for a quote. They leave their name, phone number, and details about their car's problem.
 - Your family member is in the hospital, and you are receiving voicemail updates about their condition and procedures that need to be done.
 - You are going through a divorce. Your lawyer advised you to document all interactions you have with your spouse.
These are just a few of the situations where having visual voicemails could be valuable. Once you have transcripts of your messages, you can more easily organize them and make hard copies. Instead of having to spend time re-listening to the voicemails, you can just get the information you need with a quick glance.
Use Rev Voice Recorder to Transcribe iPhone Voicemails
We offer easy iPhone voicemail transcription services if you need them. All it takes is downloading the Rev Voice Recorder app in the Apple App Store. (Also available for Android)
To install the app, simply open the Apple App Store on your phone. Type "Rev Voice Recorder" into the search bar. Select the app from the results and click the "Get" button to download.
You can use the Rev app to record and save any audio that you would like to order transcriptions for. However, for voicemails, you'll need to import the audio files into the app before you can request a transcription.
 1. Go to your voicemail list, then select the voicemail you want to transcribe.
 2. In the right hand corner of the message box, there will be a share icon with an arrow.
 3. Click the share icon, then scroll down to Rev Voice Recorder in the list of apps you can send the audio file to.
 4. Once you do this, the Rev app will open and show the voicemail in your list of recordings. From here, you can click "Transcribe" to order your transcription.
 5. You will have the option to add on extra services, such as adding timestamps and speaker names to your transcript. Confirm to move on to payment.
Get Your Voicemail Transcriptions Now
Our transcriptions are made by real people who are trained to capture what's said in audio recordings with 99% accuracy. When you use the app to order transcriptions of your voicemails, you'll receive the completed text within just 12 hours. At just $1.25 per minute, our service is one of the quickest and most affordable transcription solutions available.


text:
To Add Box Branches to Your Map:
The box branch style gives greater emphasis to your text and allows you to quickly add ideas to your mind map. Your box branches will be automatically organised to ensure your map is lain out in an even way. To find out how to style your branches when using the organic mind map style, please click here
1. There are 3 ways you can add branches to your map. Let's start from the Central Idea:
- Click or hover your mouse over the central idea and a green + icon will appear on either side of the central idea. Click on one of these + icons depending on which direction you want your branch to go in.
- Click on one of these arrows and drag-drop into a space on your map.
- Or you can use our handy shortcut. Use your keyboard arrow keys to move around the branches and hit Tab to create a new branch.
2. When your branch has appeared, type away and hit enter when done.
3. Click on the pencil icon to bring out the branch editor. You will see the text you have just typed into the branch under 'Title'.
Adding a Sibling Branch
1. When you hover over a branch, you will get the option to make a sibling branch. A sibling branch is where two branches share the same parent branch.
2. Click on the green arrow to add the sibling branch. A new branch will appear next to it off the same parent branch. Type in your branch text and hit Enter when done.
3. To edit the text, double click on the text to bring up the text editor. The text will be automatically highlighted to allow you to make changes to the style. The text must be highlighted before changes will take effect.
4. The text editor will allow you to change the style, size and color of the text.
5. To create a carriage return hold SHIFT and Enter on the keyboard. Click back on the canvas to close the menu.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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|An example of male laryngeal prominence.|
|Front view of neck.|
|Precursor||4th and 6th branchial arch|
The Adam's apple (technically known as the laryngeal prominence) is a feature of the human neck and refers to the lump or protrusion that is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx.
The structure of the laryngeal prominence forms a bump under the skin. It is larger in adult men, in whom it is usually clearly visible and palpable. In women, the bump is much less visible and is hardly perceived on the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage.
The meeting point of the two portions of the cartilage generally forms an acute angle (of about 90°) in men, while in women, an open arc (of about 120°).
There are two main theories as to the origin of the term' "Adam's apple". The "Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable" and the 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary points at an ancient belief that a piece of forbidden fruit was embedded in Adam's throat (the first man, according to Abrahamic religions). However, neither the Bible nor other Judeo-Christian writings mention it. The biblical story doesn't even describe what was the specific type of fruit that Adam ate.
Linguist Alexander Gode claimed that the Latin phrase to designate the laryngeal protuberance was very probably translated incorrectly from the beginning. The phrase in Latin was "pomum Adami" (literally: 'Adam's apple'). This, in turn, came from the Hebrew "tappuach ha adam" meaning "apple of man" or "apple of men" (general sense, not male specific). The confusion lies in the fact that in Hebrew language, the proper name "Adam" (אדם) literally means "man", and the late Hebrew word used to refer "bump" is very similar to the word used to refer "apple". Proponents of this version contend that the subsequent phrases in Latin and other Romance languages represent a mistranslation from the beginning.
The medical term "prominentia laryngea" was introduced by the Basle Nomina Anatomica in 1895.
Sexual characteristic
Its development is considered a secondary sexual characteristic of males, that appears as a result of hormonal activity. Its level of development varies from individual and the widening of that area in the larynx can occur very suddenly and quickly.
Anatomical function
The Adam's apple, in conjunction with the thyroid cartilage which forms it, helps to protect the walls and the frontal part of the larynx, including the vocal chords (which are located directly behind it).
Another function of the laryngeal protuberance is related to the deepening of the voice. During adolescence, the thyroid cartilage grows together with the larynx. Consequently, the laryngeal protrusion grows in size mainly in men. Together, a larger soundboard is made up in phonation apparatus, and, as a result, the man gets a deeper tone.
Cosmetic surgery to reduce the size of laryngeal prominence is called chondrolaryngoplasty (thyroid chondroplasty). It is done mainly for trans women who have aesthetic motives. The risky surgical procedure, which usually is very expensive, may change the voice of the person, and various cases show that artificial alteration of Adam's apple by surgery can cause permanent and irreversible damage, including severe problems in vocal cords or thyroid sheets, hypertrophic visible and unsightly scars, breathing difficulties, swallowing problems, problems of speech habilities, reduced frequencies while singing, and complications such as reactions to anesthesia, infections and other damage to surrounding areas such as the laryngeal nerve.
Additional Images
- "Laringe". Sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. "Adam's Apple"
- George Crabb (1823), "Universal technological dictionary", Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, "Pomum Ada'mi"
- William S. Haubrich (2003), "Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins", ACP Press, pág 5.
- "Adam's apple". Medicine.academic.ru. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- Robert B. Taylor (2008), "White Coat Tales: Medicine's Heroes, Heritage and Misadventures", Springer, pág 82.
- Axel Karenberg, Amor, Äskulap & Co: klassische Mythologie in der Sprache der modernen Medizin, Schattauer, Stuttgart 2006, S. 128-129.
- "Prominentia laryngea Medical Term Medical Dictionary". Medicine Online. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- P. J. Bentley (1980), "Endocrine Pharmacology: Physiological Basis and Therapeutic Applications", CUP Archive, pág 240
- "Pubertad, nuestras diferencias". Esmas.com. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- Wolfort FG, Dejerine ES, Ramos DJ, Parry RG (1990). "Chondrolaryngoplasty for appearance". Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 86 (3): 464–9; discussion 470. doi:10.1097/00006534-199009000-00012. PMID _PHONE_.
- "Cosmetic Surgery Southern California - Nip/Tuck - Under the Knife". Nipandtuc.com. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- "Laryngeal Prominence". Wn.com. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- laryngeal+prominence at eMedicine Dictionary
- lesson11 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Corporate Philosophy
Corporate PhilosophyJapanese English
Create healthy future with Earth
Catch copy
We open new medical frontiers with open technologies.
Origin of Corporate Name
The word "Cure" used in our corporate name "Cure Code Corp." means "healing". It is also a medical-related word and we define this word as a meaning of "helping someone, extending a helping hand to someone, offering someone a word" in more broad interpretation.
The word "Code" originates from "source code" of softwares. We adopted "Code" as a word encompassing everything associated with IT including information system, open source, data, network.
The word "Cure" is also a pun on the word "secure", and the word "Code" also means "cipher". We would like to be a true expert in the information security, which is indispensable for medical fields, and be a privacy conscious company.
Cure Code Corp. aims for building a society that gives everyone access to his or her own health data.
About Our Logo
logo mark
The logo of Cure Code Corp. was designed to represent the origin of the corporate name.
"Cure", meaning "healing", is expressed in the shape of a heart and the shape of a person offering a word. "Code", meaning "IT", is expressed in the combination of a heart, circle and triangle. And also the person's shape is used to resemble a keyhole to express "security".
Furthermore, the logo is designed to look like emitting the sound of "CC", our corporate name initials, to represent that a person is transmitting information from inside the heart to outside.
About Our Corporate Color
Our corporate color is orange.
Orange color represents energy, passion and freshness. We selected this color with the desire that our corporate members are energetic both physically and mentally with a constant passion to pursue something new.
The tone of this orange color provides a relatively easy-to-see contrast especially for visually impaired people.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ and let's consider the usual order relation given by $\leq$. My textbook includes an image representing this structure:
enter image description here
Given the definition of lattice, I don't understand how this isn't it. When I am looking for the supremum and the infimum for every pair it is obvious that $\forall (a,b)\in A$
$$\begin{aligned} \;a\leq6 \text{ and } b\leq6, 1\leq a \text{ and } 1\leq b\end{aligned}$$
so what is that I don't take into account?
share|improve this question
I think 2,3 don't have a join, and 4,5 don't have a meet? – sperners lemma Nov 13 '12 at 18:13
_USER_ I'm trying to figure out this thing myself... and it's kind of confusing. I don't know why they aren't joined! – haunted85 Nov 13 '12 at 18:15
Sperners observation is correct. Both $4$ and $5$ are upper bounds for $2$ and $3$. There is no least upper bound. Similarly there is no greatest lower bound for $4$ and $5$. – Jay Nov 13 '12 at 18:23
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The problem is that $2$ and $3$ have $2$ "smallest possible upperbounds" but they are not comparable so they don't have a join. Similarly, $4$ and $5$ don't have a meet.
Hope that helps,
share|improve this answer
add comment
Remember for example that $4\wedge 5$ will be the unique greatest lower bound for 4 and 5. Now 2 and 3 are both lower bounds, so $4\wedge 5 $ above those.. but how could that be possible? There isn't such a node...
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Your Answer


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Woody Plants of the Southeastern United States, A Field Botany Course on CD ver. 2.0 (WPSEUS) is a computer based visual training program that helps students become experts in plant identification. It is the best way to learn plant identification. It can be used as a stand-alone learning tool, or can provide a significant boost to any course that involves plant identification. It allows students to learn plant identification in a fraction of the time that is normally required. The program does this by adapting active learning techniques from the cognitive psychology literature. WPSEUS uses active learning to promote holistic visual processing, the visual processing mode used by experts. Active learning coupled with holistic visual processing has been shown to result in statistically significant improvement in test performance over more traditional study techniques. Active learning engages the brain areas associated with visual expertise, while passive learning does not.
This is the update to our award winning program Woody
Plants of the Southeastern United States: A Field Botany Course on CD.
You can watch short introductory videos of the product in use on YouTube
this version of the software entitles you to free downloads of tutorial
scripts that teach plant identification. When loaded (see File
Menus/Load Script), a script puts the program in automatic mode, leading
you through learning sessions designed by our experts.
The Mac version requires OS 10.5 or later.


Sponsored fundraisers: Link to literacy
Creating links with the curriculum means parents and teachers are sure to be supportive, while giving the children a fun challenge is a fantastic way to encourage pupils in their literacy skills.
Sponsored fundraisers are some of the simplest money-makers to organise, as there's no need to recruit volunteers, you're not dependent on getting parents and families to attend anything, and half of the work is done after you've handed out a sponsorship form!
When planning sponsored events, it's important to hold them at the right time - laying the groundwork for the fundraiser before a half-term break allows pupils time to complete the task over the holiday, whether it's learning words, putting in reading hours or creating anagrams. Try to hold it over a week-long holiday rather than anything lengthier, as this risks people forgetting about the challenge or losing motivation. Always set a specific date as a deadline by which pupils need to return their entries.
Sponsored spell
Ask teachers to prepare a spelling test appropriate for their class, which can then be sent home with a sponsorship form. Children can practice the words and seek sponsorship, e.g. 10p for every correct word. Teachers test the children when they return from the holidays, then send a note home to parents confirming how many words they spelt correctly so the children can collect their sponsorship money. Award prizes to the top fundraisers in each class, year or key stage.
Word in a word
Give every child a sponsorship form and asked them to find as many words as they can within your school name. Give prizes for the most words, the longest word, the most unusual word and the best anagram.
Ready, Steady... Read
Usborne runs sponsored literacy challenges which combine fundraising with promoting a love of reading. Ready, Steady...Read! for older children or Ready, Steady...Listen! for younger children are easy-to-administer initiatives which allow your school to fundraise for, and benefit from, books which everyone will enjoy. Children are sponsored to read as much as they can in a given time. An Independent Usborne Organiser will provide sponsorship forms, posters and letters to parents to ease input from the school side. Depending on the amount of money raised, you can get up to 60% of free books for your school. Schools can find and contact their nearest Organiser through the Usborne website.
Matchbox challenge
Purchase empty plain white matchboxes and send them out to parents in bookbags with letters and sponsor forms. Pupils must collect items in their matchbox and can win prizes for:
 - Most money raised
 - Most items in the box
 - Most unusual item
 - Best decoration of matchbox
Pupils must write a numbered list of the contents and submit their itemised list together with their matchbox and sponsor form. Ensure you ban anything inappropriate (no nail clippings or insects!) and ask that nothing of value is included. Pupils can only include one of each item, (i.e. a seed, paperclip, bead) so no filling the box up with sand!
It makes sense to encourage literacy engagement further through the prizes, so award books or book vouchers to lucky winners. To boost profits, can you get donations from local bookshops or ask a company to sponsor the prizes?
If you run a sponsored event through your PTA, your PTA could raise an additional 25p for every £1 donated by claiming Gift Aid. Find out how at _URL_.
More on events and activities


text:
A Discussion Note introducing the concepts of complexity and its relation to USAID programming. The paper outline five complexity-aware monitoring methods
CLA and Developmental Evaluations
Screencast: Complexity-Aware Monitoring Discussion Note
Focus group interviews (also often called focus group discussions) are a key tool for collecting data to support many USAID activities. This data collection technique is widely used in international development planning, monitoring, and evaluation. They are quick, versatile and typically inexpensive, so they can be used...
This presentation provides an overview of best practices in outcome mapping in order to further the use and development of outcome mapping and the outcome mapping learning community.
This guidance provides information on conducting an After Action Review (AAR), including goals, assumptions/requirements, how tos, lessons learned/best practice, and resources.
Written for non-profits, implementing partners can use this to support their monitoring, while USAID can use it for learning about their programs through monitoring CDCS/ CLA.
This document discusses the Asian Development Banks Enhancing Knowledge Management under Strategy 2020: Plan of Action for 2009–2011.
This document outlines the SDC's approach to evaluating knowlege management and institutional learning.


text:
Micronesia (from Greek: μικρός "mikros" small + Greek: νῆσος "nēsos" island) is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is distinct from Melanesia to the south, and Polynesia to the east. The Philippines lie to the west, and Indonesia to the southwest.
The term Micronesia was first proposed in 1831 by Jules Dumont d'Urville to denote an ethnic and geographical grouping of islands distinct from Polynesia and Melanesia.
Champagne Pool is a prominent geothermal feature within the Waiotapu geothermal area in the North Island of New Zealand. The terrestrial hot spring is located about 30 km (20 mi) southeast of Rotorua and about 50 km (30 mi) northeast of Taupo. The name Champagne Pool is derived from the abundant efflux of carbon dioxide (CO2), similar to a glass of bubbling champagne. The hot spring was formed 900 years ago by a hydrothermal eruption, which makes it in geological terms a relatively young system. Its crater is around 65 m (213 ft) in diameter with a maximum depth of approximately 62 m (203 ft) and is filled with an estimated volume of 50,000 m3 (1,800,000 cu ft) of geothermal fluid.


text: The American Chemistry Council (ACC) launched "Mylecule," a new application on the social networking website Facebook.com. The Mylecule allows users to create "molecular bonds" with select friends or groups of friends to establish the "common bonds" users share with their friends. The virtual three-dimensional molecular bonds allow each user the ability to interact with their Mylecule, and to connect directly to the profiles of their friends. The user or creator of Mylecule is the nucleus (otherwise known as the center) and each friend is represented by an "element" with his or her initials. The elements are joined together with bonds that show how many friends you have in common or how many common bonds you have. The complete Mylecule gets a unique formula and shape based on the first letter of each friend's name.


text:
Lunar Explorations Class
1/18/2013 (Updated 10:49:40 PM)Some future astronauts took a journey to the moon Friday night.
The Kopernik Observatory and Science Center held a lunar explorations class. Third and fourth graders learned all about the Earth's natural satellite.
Contrary to what Mick might think---the moon is not made of green cheese --in fact, some of the rock it's made of is a type of rock commonly found on the East Coast of the United States.
"The moon rocks from the Mountains of the moon is something called aorthosite and you can actually find that in the Adirondacks. Mounty Marcy area is made of the anorthosite so it's the same type of rock," says Roy Williams, Public Programming Coordinator.
On Saturday night, Kopernik will be at the Barrnes and Noble in Vestal with Cornell astronomer Greg Sloan who will explain "what is science?"
For more information visit their website Kopernik.org.
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When Will You Need This?
When there is both and Inbound and outbound inspection of tractor trailers, and to tie into other port simulation model objects.
Truck In and Out Gate model image
Model Object
The following model object can be found in the model objects directory: Flow Control \ Truck In and Out Gate.
Ease of Use: Moderate
Ease of Modification: Moderate
How to Use the Model Object
1. Open Your Model
Open your model or create a new blank model.
2. Insert the Model Object into Your Model
1. Locate the model object Truck In and Out Gate and select the insert button.
3. Connect to Your Model
1. Connect an arrival route or a percentage route from the part of your model where you would like the entities to enter the Stagging.
connect to Truck In and Out Gate
2. Connect exit routes from Inspection Station #, or Enter Facility to the rest of your model.
from Truck In and Out Gate to the rest of your model
3. Connect a percentage route from your model to Outbound Staging.
from yourmodel to Truck In and Out Gate
Change the time defined on exit route(s) from staging to Inspection Queue(s).
4. Define Values
1. Define the values for scenario parameters s_Security_Level, s_Mix, s_Station_Queue_Size, s_Level#_Type#, s_TEU, s_Destination based on the information provided under the heading Scenario Parameters below. The values for these Scenario Parameters must be provided before the simulation start.
define scenarios in Truck In and Out Gate
5. Completion
Attributes, Variables, Scenario Parameters and Scenarios Usage
1. a_Inspection_Time: Do not change. The inspection time each entity (Truck) will take.
2. a_Type: Do not change. Used to carry the descriptive values for Type1, Type2, & Type3.
3. a_Dir_Number: Do not change. Used to tell entities to which inspection lane they will go.
1. v_Sta_Open#: User input required. The number of inbound inspection stations that are at each hour of the day.
2. v_CntSt#: Do not change. WIP in Line #.
3. v_IQS: Do not change. Size of the queue in front of each inspection station. This is set by the scenario parameter s_Station_Queue_Size.
Scenario Parameters:
1. s_Security_Level: User input required. The level of security the Type1, Type2, or Type3 is working in.
2. s_Mix: User input required. Is used create a mix (distribution) of what type of entities (Type3, Type2s, Type1s, etc) arrive at the inspection queue. Type can be used for a variety of reasons. For example: Type1 could be a semi without intermodal container; Type 2 could be a semi with an intermodal and Type 3 could be a bulk load inspection time. The three different levels shown below would be a change in inspection time based on the level of security for all three type of loads.
3. s_Station_Queue_Size: User input required. How large the queue may allowed to be in front of the inspection station.
4. s_Level#_Type#: User input required. Time required by level # Type# to pass the inspection.
5. s_TEU: User input required. Twenty foot equivalent unit. Used to tell how many TEU are in each load.
6. s_Destination: User input required. A numeric destination code. Set up a conversion table in spreadsheet which provides the meaning for each numeric entry.


text:
When seeking a hearty winter warm-up in the Savo region of Finland, a good first step is finding the deeply brown dumplings known as myky. Because these dense patties get their rich color and flavor from animal blood, they were often made when animals were slaughtered or brought back from a hunt, and traditionally found their way into mykyrokka, or blood dumpling soup.
Also called tappaiskeitto, meaning "butchery soup," the hearty meal has a history as an all-village affair. People would gather to distribute the butchered meat from whole animals (typically cows or pigs), making some into sausage and using the scraps for soup. Today, families still gather to assemble mykyrokka, mixing offal and chunks of meat with potatoes and onions, and shaping barley flour and blood into the iconic dumplings. When the soup is done, it provides just the sort of rib-coating warmth a body needs during the dark days of Finnish winter.


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Home > Nanotechnology Columns > NanoGlobe > Indonesian Researchers Developing Bio-Nanocomposite from Cellulose Fibers
Indonesia, blessed with abundant natural resources, is on its way creating new materials that are natural and more environmentally friendly for eco-friendly applications including bio-automobile, organic electronics, and structural building materials. Utilizing cellulose nanofibers, researchers in Indonesia are developing bio-nanocomposite materials that are flexible, transparent, mechanically strong and thermally stable. This research is in collaboration with a Japanese university and automobile industry and targets at automobile body weight and construction materials application. Attempting to preserve nature, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) has been developed from old rubber tree whose strength is equivalent to second class lumber such as teakwood. Prof Dr Bambang Subiyanto, Director of Center for Innovation of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), gave us more insights about his on-going projects and center's activities.
February 7th, 2010
Indonesian Researchers Developing Bio-Nanocomposite from Cellulose Fibers
Impressed by nanotechnology related presentation delivered by Prof Dr Bambang Subiyanto, Director of Center for Innovation of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), in United Nation APCTT-ESCAP Consultative Workshop last December, NanoGlobe team recently interviewed Dr Subiyanto to learn more insights about Indonesia's R&D activities and especially about bio-nanocomposite materials development.
Under the Ministry of Science and Technology of Indonesia, there exist a few of research institutes and one of them is Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (the Indonesian Institute of Sciences) or commonly known as LIPI. Established in August 1967, LIPI currently encompasses 22 Research Centers including Research Center for Physics, Metallurgy, Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Biomaterial, as well as Center for Innovation. Center for Innovation was established in June 2001 with two main objectives:
- to conduct studies and to develop and support the cooperation activities undertaken by various LIPI's research centers and technical implementation units with external parties, especially with industry, which attempt to commercialize the results of LIPI's R&D
- to examine the possibility of intellectual property protection of LIPI's R&D results and implement a process to obtain such protection
Besides being the Center Director, Dr Subiyanto together with his team of researchers at LIPI dedicate much of their time researching and developing bio (nano) composite from natural fibers and the waste of agrobusiness (such as rice husks) especially for structural materials application. It is one of his interests and dreams to be able to construct earthquake friendly buildings with the materials his team is developing. His team has developed laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from old rubber tree for panel/partition and structural building materials. This LVL has been characterized to possess strength equivalent with second class lumber such as teakwood, miranti and keruing. A factory has been built to scale up the production of his LVL and they are currently searching for industry partnership to commercialize their research in construction materials application. Another material based on bamboo composite is also being developed to substitute nails and bolts for earthquake friendly building application.
Another interesting on-going project collaborated with Kyoto University is the development of cellulose nanofiber reinforced composite. It is believed to be as strong as steel, as thermally stable as glass and as flexible as plastics. Together with Kyoto University in Japan, the team has developed a transparent polymeric nanocomposite using a web-like bacterial cellulose nanofiber network as the mechanical reinforcing agent. Eventually, this material can be used for many applications including OLED and other electronic components, building materials, as well as automotive. The team has targeted to reduce the fuel consumption by 20% when cellulose nanofiber composite is used as reinforcement for the automobile body. This automobile application is also being developed together with prominent automotive manufacturer in Japan.
It is encouraging to know that developing countries such as Indonesia are actively pursuing nanotech R&D and application development in collaboration with developed countries such as Japan to accelerate the commercialization of nanotechnology. Japan offers advanced R&D capability and commercialization experience, while Indonesia provides natural and human resources. This partnership will accelerate Indonesia nanotechnology development and advancement of Indonesian R&D capabilities.
|Samples of the bio-composite|


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Location: Kamakhya Temple, Guwahati
Time of Celebration: Mid June
Highlights: Dedicated to Ma Kamakhya (Ma Kamrupa)
The fairs in Assam, as in any other part of India, are associated with religious ceremonies in the temples. The most popular among these is the Ambubachi Fair. Celebrated in the urban area of Guwahati, it is the most important fair of the state, which revolves around the Kamakhya temple. Situated on top of the Nilachal hills of western Guwahati, the temple is one of the most important Shakti shrines in the entire country. The residing Goddess of the temple is known as Ma Kamakhya or Ma Kamrupa.
Ambubachee Mela takes place during the month of Ahar (according to the Assamese calendar) i.e. around the middle of June, when Ma Kamakhya is worshipped in the form of a yoni (uterus)-like stone, over which a natural spring flows. The fair is, in fact, the worship of the female process of menstruation. It is believed that during these months, the creative and the fostering power of the 'menses' of Mother Earth becomes available to devotees at this site. The temple remains closed for 3 days, as the Goddess is considered impure during these days.
On the 4th day, the deity is bathed to regain purity and many rituals are performed. It is only after this that the doors of the temple are opened to the devotees. Mythology has it that after the death of His beloved Sati, Lord Shiva was in great distress and while flying through the skies, dropped her body parts on the earth. The area where her yoni settled is called as Kamakhya. At the time of fair, the blessings of the Goddess come in mainly two forms - the fluid part of her body (Angadhak) i.e. the water from the stream and the cloth covering her body (Angabastra) during the time of menstruation. Thousands of devotees and tourists line up every year to get a glimpse of the Goddess.


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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been found to survive longer in water and mucus, compared to other materials like soil and metal. If a persistently infected animal is present in your herd, mucus harboring the virus could transmit BVDV to other animals that share the same waterer.
"Cleaning water tanks is very important for many reasons including food safety, animal performance and general upkeep of facilities," says Dan Thomson, veterinary researcher at Kansas State University.
An article in the May-June 2012 issue of Bovine Veterinarian looks at BVDV survival in water tanks in a feedlot setting. However, the information and advice on disinfecting water tanks is applicable to dairy operations as well.
Source: Bovine Veterinarian, May-June 2012


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All > Technology > Search > SEO / Search Marketing
- Server Side Includes. Used (for example) to add dynamically generated content to a web page.
I-Search Digest - Cite This Source - This Definition
- Server Side Includes are a way to call portions of a page in from another page. SSI makes it easier to update websites. To use a server side include you have to follow one of the conditions: end file names in a.shtml or.shtm extension use PHP or some other language which makes it easy to include files via that programming language change your.htaccess file to make.html or.htm files be processed as though they were.shtml files. The code to create a server side include looks like this:
SEO Book - Cite This Source - This Definition
- Dedicated Server, DNS, HTTP, IP Address, server, Virtual Domain, virtual server


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Ada and Beatrice Beattie were the sisters of William Beattie, a musician, singer, actor and writer, and one of Lambert's closest friends in Sydney at the turn of the century. Beattie was best man at Lambert's wedding. He contributed to the Australian Magazine (1899) and wrote a tribute to Lambert in the Lambert memorial number of Art in Australia (Lambert 1930). Lambert drew this pencil portrait of Ada Beattie when she was lying in bed with the flu, while he discussed amateur theatricals with her.
Lambert's remarkable ability as a draughtsman was recognised early on. In 1897 the Sydney Daily Telegraph critic remarked of one of Lambert's pencil drawings that 'Few men in Australia …
can do more with a pencil than he' (Sayers 1989, p.126). In this drawing he used his pencil expressively to capture the cosy warmth of Ada Beattie's wrap, contrasting these energetic lines with the brief outlines with which he hinted at the pillows and bedlinen. Likewise, he drew her hair using a dark pencil and her facial features with more subtle, delicate gestures. In this way
he gave interest and variety to the image.
Lambert showed this drawing, together with pencil portrait sketches of Beatrice Beattie and William Beattie, in the New South Wales Society of Artists exhibition in 1898. It was then purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.


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In its most basic form, RIP software (raster image processing software) takes the information contained within an image and converts it into data the printer can utilize. The printer translates that information into ink dots to be printed. This is how printers understand design files so printed output is what the customer hoped for. This is the same process for any type of print application, whether a fine art print, vehicle or building wrap, banner, soft-signage, or textile print.
The same is true of ICC profiling. Whether a print buyer is looking for a logo, a banner, wallpaper or a wrap, they expect it to look sharp and match what their image file looks like, so the whole point of an ICC profile is to map color between the input (what's contained in the design file) and the output (the printed product).
The input profile defines what the color is supposed to print. The issue, however, is that liquid ink on every printer is different. 100% magenta on one printer, for example, is a different color than 100% magenta on another. Both printers show 100% magenta, but they're not the same color. Combined with the influx of new inks and media types available to print service providers (PSPs) from around the globe, matching color between input and output becomes increasingly more difficult.
This is where RIP software comes in as part of the ICC profile build. Color management controls within RIP software helps bring input and output together. In simple terms, it understands the recipe of what is being asked in the design file against what is available from the printer. These two recipes are essential to achieve the color the customer wants, and if any of these recipes are missing, it is impossible to compare what is desired with what can reproduce it, creating color output that is wrong.
Of course, there are other benefits to ICC profiling that aren't discussed here, such as recalibration for ink savings without compromising color saturation, increased print speeds from less ink being used, and the ability to reduce reworks because the color is accurate, but the core purpose of ICC profiling is to map what is expected with what can be produced to meet customer brand color needs.


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Stories of Islanders in the railways
Discover the stories of Torres Strait Islanders to lived, worked and grew up around the railway tracks of northern Australia.
After the collapse of Torres Strait marine industries in the 1960s, hundreds of young Islander men made their way to the mainland in search of work. Little did they know they would end up scattered across northern Australia laying the veins of the mining industry: railway tracks.
Approximately 10 per cent of the Torres Strait population left the islands to support their families from the mainland. Their contribution to the development of Australia is not often written about, and because of this, university lecturer and railway child Leah Lui-Chivizhe has started a project to research these stories and write a book.
Leah is a lecturer at the University of Sydney's Koori Centre, and her research partner is Shino Konishi, an indigenous research fellow at the Australian Centre for Indigenous History, Australian National University.
The pair began work on the project "Laying the Tracks" in 2007 after receiving a grant from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
Leah says the idea for the project came from looking at the reasons why people migrated in the first place. "One of the key reasons was for employment, and employment in the railways."
In the late 50s the islander population was about 7000 to 8000 people. After interviewing several men who migrated, Leah estimates that up to 700 men came to the mainland to work on the railways in the 60s and early 70s. "Because of the large numbers, the story of the railways is known by most families in the Torres Strait," Leah says.
Though there is a concentration of Islanders in Northern Queensland (including Cairns, Townsville and Mackay), there are still communities of Islanders on the Pilbara, in Perth, Central Australia, Darwin and even Sydney.
Through the project, Leah also wants to highlight the contribution that Islanders made through their work. "Their efforts in the Pilbara, or in relaying the track between Mount Isa and Townsville, and putting in new rail links in the mining areas around Moura and Gladstone."
During the interview process, Leah has heard some touching stories. "One woman told us how her husband worked on the line between Mount Isa and Townsville. When he would go off for work, and it might be for about a week, she was pretty well left on her own at this small railway site. All she had for company was her pet pig that she would walk down to a local creek and take him fishing."
Often whole families moved to the railway sites, so many kids grew up in these isolated areas far away from the Islands. "People know on the basis of where people are born whether they're railway children or not," Leah says.
In many cases, the conditions the men worked in were tough. "In parts of Western Australia they were working six days a week for 10 hours a day in searing heat, in the red bauxite dust, which is very foreign to where they've come from."
For Leah, this project is a personal discovery as well. Her father came to the mainland in the 60s, so Leah is a railway child, born in Hughenden. At the time, Hughenden became one of the key recruitment places. "There was one guy who said that by the time he ended up there all he could see was a sea of island faces, as men waited to be signed up to work on the relaying project which ran from 1960 to 1963."
Leah and Shino hope to have a manuscript by the end of 2009. "A lot of the men who worked in the late 50s have passed away and there is some pressure on us to do this as quickly as we can so the people of that generation will see their efforts in print," she says.
Leah also believes it's important for the children and grand children to know that their elders did contribute something to the development of Australia.
"From many quarters there's this sense that Islanders or Indigenous people in Australia did as little as possible in terms of contributing to building the country but there was a lot that people have done."
Leah and Shino are always looking for people who would like to share their stories, particularly from people who hail from the central and western Torres Strait. You can contact Leah at the University of Sydney and leave her a message on the toll free number: 1800 622 742, or leave us a comment by clicking on the yellow link below.
Search ABC Local
Latest stories from ABC North Qld. Including audio, photo, video, recipes and reviews across the region.


Cookbook:Irish Soda Bread
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Irish Soda Bread
Category Bread recipes
Servings 8
Time Prep 15 minutes
Bake 50-70 minutes
Difficulty Easy
Cookbook | Ingredients | Recipes | Irish cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Holiday | Bread
 2. Grease and flour a 9x5 inch loaf pan.
 5. Mix until just moistened. Too much mixing will make it tough.
 6. Stir in butter; pour into prepared pan.
 7. Bake for 65-70 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the bread comes out clean. The loaf should sound hollow if you tap the base.
 8. Cool on a wire rack.
 9. Wrap in tea-towel or foil several hours or overnight for best flavor.
Tips, Notes, and Variations[edit]
 - May serve toasted and buttered.
 - Soda bread rises as a result of acid being mixed with baking soda. The acid is commonly in the form of vinegar, lemon juice, or buttermilk. A tablespoon of lemon juice or vinegar in one cup of milk can be substituted for each cup of buttermilk.
 - For best results, bake it at 375°F (190°C), for about 50 minutes, on a preheated baking stone.
Conventional bread, containing live yeast, leavens (rises) as the micro-organisms make carbon dioxide gas as a by-product of their metabolism. Similarly, soda bread utilizes the reaction between baking soda and vinegar, or some other acid, to make the bread rise through the production of carbon dioxide. This recipe uses buttermilk, or optionally a combination of milk and vinegar, but other recipes use sour cream.


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Using the ArcToolbox window
In any ArcGIS Desktop application, you open the ArcToolbox window with the Show/Hide ArcToolbox Window button found on the standard toolbar or by clicking Geoprocessing > ArcToolbox.
Key features of the ArcToolbox window
You can customize the contents by adding and removing toolboxes
To add any toolbox to the ArcToolbox window, right-click the ArcToolbox entry and click Add Toolbox as illustrated below. Browse to the location containing the toolbox you want to add and select the toolbox.
To remove a toolbox, right-click the toolbox and click Remove. The toolbox will be removed from the window contents but will not be deleted from disk.
The contents of the ArcToolbox window are saved with your document
This is perhaps the most useful feature of the ArcToolbox window. You can customize the contents of the window to contain just those toolboxes you need for your current project. When you save your ArcMap, ArcGlobe, or ArcScene document, the contents of the ArcToolbox window are saved. The next time you open the document, the window will be the same as when you saved the document. See below for more information about saving and loading the contents.
ArcToolbox window displays the toolbox label, not its name
The Catalog window displays the toolbox name. The ArcToolbox window displays the toolbox label. This may take you by surprise if you add a toolbox whose name is different than its label.
The ArcToolbox window contains shortcuts to toolboxes
The toolboxes you see in the ArcToolbox window are references to a toolbox. They are analogous to shortcuts in Windows Explorer or layers within ArcMap. This means that if you remove a toolbox from the window, you're simply removing it from the list and not truly deleting it on disk. However, if you delete one of its tools, the tool is deleted from the toolbox on disk. In this way, toolboxes in the window behave like feature layers in ArcMap—if you remove a feature layer in the ArcMap table of contents, the dataset it refers to is not deleted. However, if you start editing the contents of the layer and delete a feature, the feature is deleted from the dataset on disk. It's the same way with toolboxes in the window—if you delete one of its members (a toolset or tool), it is permanently deleted from the toolbox.
The ArcToolbox shortcut menu
You can add any custom or system toolbox by browsing and selecting the toolbox.
If you want to create a new empty toolbox, click Add Toolbox and browse to the location where you want to create the toolbox. In the Add Toolbox window, click the new toolbox button, as illustrated below.
This opens the geoprocessing Environment Settings window.
Hide Locked Tools
When checked, only those tools for which you have a license will appear in the window. Only tool product level licenses (ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo) are examined—individual extension licenses are not examined.
Save Settings and Load Settings
Geoprocessing settings are the list of toolboxes found in the ArcToolbox window. You can save these settings for later loading.
Save Settings > To File will save the list of toolboxes and environment settings to an.xml file. You can load these settings by clicking Load Settings > From File and browsing to a saved.xml file.
You can also save settings as the default settings so that the next time you create a new document, the ArcToolbox window will read the default settings. To save your settings to the default settings, click Save Settings > To Default. You can also load the default settings using Load Settings > From Default.
Geoprocessing settings do not include a toolbox's toolsets and tools. Toolbox content is read when you start an application and open the ArcToolbox window.
The contents of the ArcToolbox window in ArcCatalog are the default settings. If you change the contents of the ArcToolbox window in ArcCatalog, the default settings will be overwritten when you exit ArcCatalog.
Toolbox contents in multiple applications
If you have only one application open on your computer, the contents of the Catalog and ArcToolbox windows are kept synchronized; if you remove a tool from a toolbox in the ArcToolbox widow, the Catalog window is immediately updated, showing that the tool was removed. Likewise, if you delete a tool from a toolbox in the catalog tree, the ArcToolbox window is immediately updated.
However, If you have multiple application sessions open, such as an ArcCatalog and an ArcMap session, the contents of a toolbox are not synchronized between the two application sessions. For example, if you delete a tool in one application session, it will still be present in the other application and can still be executed. This occurs because all applications, when they are started, read the contents of all toolboxes and store the contents in memory. As you delete, remove, or add tools, these changes are made in memory and are not written to disk until you exit the application session. This means that you can always use a tool that was present when the session began, even if another application removed it.
The general rule is that if you are altering toolbox content, alter it in one application, then exit and restart other applications to see the changes.


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A potion is a flask, bottle, or phial of liquid with magical properties, or occasionally some other liquid (such as acid or booze). Quaffing a potion bestows the full effects upon the quaffer. Some potions can be thrown at other creatures in order to affect them instead. Even if you miss, the vapors created (most potions are alcohol-based) sometimes affect those in the vincinity.
Certain potions can be dipped in other potions to create various effects and/or new potions. Dipping a potion into water will dilute it; a second dip will change it to water. Dipping a unicorn horn into a potion also changes it to water.
As of version 3.3.0, potion types include:
Po"tion (?), n. [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See Poison.]
A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid medicine.
© Webster 1913.
Po"tion (?), v. t.
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for each of your AWS accounts.
 - Amazon Cognito enables secure authentication to your web or mobile applications using both SAML 2.0 and web identity federation.
That brings me to the end of this introductory course covering AWS identity Federation. You should now have a greater understanding of what it is and some of the services that can be used to implement different kinds of federated Access.
If you have any feedback on this course, positive or negative, please send an e-mail to _EMAIL_, your feedback is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time and good luck with your continued learning of cloud computing. Thank you.
About the Author
Stuart Scott
AWS Content Director
Learning Paths
Learning Pathnavigation


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Have you noticed any of the following about your water treatment system?
- You're not getting the soft water you need
- Your run times are not acceptable
- Your water is intermittently hard
The bottom line is that your water softener system is working, but not as well as it should be. If this sounds like your situation, then maybe it's time for an Elution Study by Nancrede Engineering.
One of the most critical steps in the water softener regeneration process also happens to be one of the first places where problems occur. The Elution (ee-LOOT-shun) Step, or the point where calcium and magnesium ions are removed from the resin beds with a highly concentrated salt solution (NaCL), is one of the most critical steps in the regeneration process. If any one of the three physical process variables involved in the process (velocity, concentration and time) is awry, then proper regeneration will not take place. Accordingly, the ensuing regenerations will then result in reduced throughput, meaning lower efficiency in your operations.
There are two sampling points for an Elution Study:
- Brine tank
- Regenerant drain line going to the sewer
The Elution Study procedure involves measuring the concentration of brine in the brine tank using the Salometer. The brine tank should be 90% to 100% saturated (that is, 90 to 100 Salometer degrees) at room temperature. Samples are then drawn every two to three minutes and plotted on a graph. Once the data points are connected to make a curve, a horizontal line is drawn at 30 Salometer degrees.
Ideally, there should be 25-30 minutes where the curve is above the 30 degree Salometer reading. This is known as the 30/30 Rule where a solution of 30 Salometer degrees is in contact with the resin for 30 minutes.
Here are some of the graphs that may be experienced along with the associated issues in the water treatment system:
Factors that can adversely affect the elution curve include:
- Not enough brine drawdown.
- Channeling of the resin bed.
- Restricted brine line or eductor resulting in a slow brine draw.
- Restricted distribution system.
- Improper adjustment of brine rinse flowrate.
- Unsaturated brine in brine tank.
- Iron and/or dirt fouling of the zeolite bed.
- Insufficient zeolite bed depth (less than 24 inches, indicating loss of resin)
Conducting an Elution Study is an effective way to drill down, discover, investigate and solve water treatment issues. This process takes time and special tools, resources that most property engineers just do not possess. Nancrede Engineering has the experience, tools, skill and time to an Elution Study, identify any deficiencies AND fix those deficiencies with the best corrective steps to ensure maximum throughput for your operational demands. After all, our goal is to help you maximize your water softener ROI and reduce your costs. One simple Elution Study can ensure your water regeneration system is operating at maximum efficiency with optimal throughput.
To schedule an Elution Study, call us at 1-888-56-WATER (_PHONE_) or send us an e-mail at _EMAIL_.


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An infomercial is a form of television commercial, which generally includes a phone number or website. Most often used as a form of direct response television (DRTV), long-form infomercials are typically 28:30 or 58:30 minutes in length. Infomercials are also known as paid programming (or teleshopping in Europe). This phenomenon started in the United States, where infomercials were typically shown overnight (usually 2:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.), outside of peak prime time hours for commercial broadcasters. Some television stations chose to air infomercials as an alternative to the former practice of signing off. By 2009, most infomercial spending in the U.S. occurs during the early morning, daytime and evening hours. Stations in most countries around the world have instituted similar media structures. The infomercial industry is worth over $200 billion.
While the term "infomercial" was originally applied only to television advertising, it is now sometimes used to refer to any presentation (often on video) which presents a significant amount of information in an actual, or perceived, attempt to promote a point of view. When used this way, the term may be meant to carry an implication that the party making the communication is exaggerating truths or hiding important facts. Often, it is unclear whether the actual presentation fits this definition because the term is used in an attempt to discredit the presentation. Hence, political speeches or conventions may be derogatorily referred to as "infomercials" for a specific point of view.


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When it comes to wind energy, the Irish know their stuff
By Ed Forry, October 2, 2012
By Judy Enright
Special to the BIR
The Irish are a wind-loving lot – and why not when they are so often buffeted by the gales that swirl around the greenest island in the Atlantic? While some here complain that wind turbines block their vistas, the Irish have long embraced the concept of harnessing the wind's energy and all its resulting benefits and you can see turbines atop many hills in the country.
At last count, there were 31 on-shore wind energy projects operating in the Republic with the Airtricity Wind Farm, at Kingsmountain, Tubbercurry, Co. Sligo, producing the most energy – enough to power more than 15,000 homes, they claim.
But wind turbines are modern technology; before they came on the scene, windmill blades (or sails) captured the gusts and transmitted that energy down to the millstones to grind grain. So making use of the prevailing breeze is nothing new for Ireland.
Historians say the first windmills were built in Iran around 600 A.D. and that Ireland once boasted about 500 of them, primarily on the Eastern seaboard where water often ran short in the summer. The first record of an Irish windmill was noted in 1281, in Kilscanlon, Co. Wexford.
Windmills were somewhat more rare in the Midlands, although at one time there were eight in operation within a few miles of Roscommon Town.
There are a number of windmills in Ireland today, including several in Skerries, Co. Dublin; in Blennerville in Tralee, Co. Kerry; in Elphin in Co. Roscommon, and in Ballycopeland in Co. Down. Primarily, they are tourist attractions as better and faster methods for grinding grain have been discovered over the years.
Tralee, Co. Kerry, has long been a tourist mecca, thanks, in part, to the Blennerville Windmill that was built in 1800 by Sir Roland Blennerhasset. Visitors can take a guided tour of the beautifully restored five-story windmill and hear about the various stages of grain milling, and later stop by the excellent restaurant and craft shop on site.
Blennerville was the main port of emigration from Co. Kerry during Famine years and the visitor center at the windmill also has an extensive exhibit that includes models of the so-called "coffin ships." The windmill is open April through October from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily and is well worth a visit.
In addition to the windmill, there is now a 4.5-million Euro Tralee Bay Wetlands visitor park nearby that features many spots – including a viewing tower – from which you can quietly watch wildlife in the protected Tralee Bay Nature Reserve. The Park - in the planning stages for more than a decade - is said to be a leading example of "soft tourism," with multilingual wildlife boat rides through the habitats, light water sports, and walking and cycling trails. The park is expected to draw some 70,000 visitors a year.
Up the road in Co. Roscommon, is the Elphin Windmill that was restored and opened to the public in 1996, thanks to the efforts of a committee of dedicated and focused local residents.
Elphin is an interesting place and a hotbed of Irish history. The poet and playwright Oliver Goldsmith was born in Smithhill, Elphin, in 1728, and Percy French, a songwriter, poet and artist, was born in Clooneyquinn, Elphin, in 1854. And, they say that the famous 12th Century Cross of Cong was most probably made in Elphin, which was a noted center for fine metalwork from the time of St. Patrick, who founded an ecclesiastical site there in 433 A.D.
The Elphin Windmill is on a small road about half a mile northwest of the town and those planning to rebuild the windmill had only a derelict tower and a notation on an 1837 Ordnance Survey map to go by. The map said "ruins of windmill," which indicated that the structure had been derelict for a very long time. Planners suspect that the original windmill was probably built in the mid-1700s by the local landowner, Edward Synge, who was Bishop of Elphin from 1740 to his death in 1762. He farmed extensively and, historians think, built the windmill primarily to grind oats for porridge and oatcakes as well as animal feed.
Most windmills were eventually abandoned in favor of more reliable watermills and by the 1830s, most had ceased operation.
If you're near Elphin in your Irish travels, be sure to stop by the windmill and adjacent visitor center and see the work done by this group of committed residents to restore and share their history.
Spooky time is here again and that's great news for all resident ghosts and goblins.
- Dromoland Castle, just around the corner from Shannon Airport, is offering a Halloween value package from Oct. 30 to Nov. 2 that includes Scary Movie Nights for Little Wizards and Witches, pumpkin carving, castle ghosts, Haunting Horse and Cart Trips, a bonfire, Halloween games, and traditional dining fare. Children under 12, sharing with their parents (maximum two adults and two children), are included in the package at no additional cost. Also included is a full Irish breakfast daily and children's high tea. Contact Dromoland for more information. Dromoland is in Newmarket-on-Fergus, Co. Clare, _PHONE_, on the web at dromoland.ie or contact Preferred Hotels and Resorts at _PHONE_ (preferredhotels.com.)
- In Co. Roscommon, enjoy the Samhain Celtic Fire Festival from Oct. 26-31. Details at rathcrogan.ie
- There will be A Haunting in the People's Park Limerick on Oct. 29, created by Gothicise in collaboration with Limerick City Council. The concept follows the spectral theme of A Haunting; in this case, the haunting quality will come from the past of the Park itself. For more details: _URL_-haunting/
- Ballina, Co. Mayo, will host its third Samhain Abhainn festival from Oct. 27-31 to mark Halloween and the end of summer. The festival offers something for all from the very young to the not so young and includes art workshops, traditional activities, horrible history walking tours, an historical journey with the Jackie Clarke Museum, treasure hunts, murder mystery, and spooky strolls through Belleek Woods. The festival celebrates the unique Irish historical context of Halloween that was originally a pagan festival that started back in 100 A.D. when the Celts marked the season of Halloween or Samhain, an Irish word meaning the "end of Summer." See _URL_.html for more details.
- The always fun Westport House in Westport, Co. Mayo, offers a Halloween Fest from Oct. 27 to Nov. 4 with a Fireworks Extravaganza on Oct. 28. See westporthouse.ie for more.
- The 2012 Achill Sheep Show will take place on Oct. 14. For more information, visit achillsheepshow.com. And, if you're on Achill Island, be sure to take in the events in the Storytelling Festival with drama workshops and other activities from Oct. 27 to Nov. 4. Contact achilltourism.com or visitachill.com for details.
- When you are in Mayo, be sure to stop by the Mayo Peace Park in Castlebar that was designed to commemorate the men and women from Mayo who served and died on foreign battlefields in the major world wars and on UN peacekeeping missions during the last century. The park is opposite the Harlequin Hotel on Lannagh Road. For more, see mayomemorialpeacepark.org
Enjoy your trip to Ireland whenever you go and be sure to look online for more happenings and for deals on airfare and land travel. We're getting into the shoulder season when fares and other prices are generally cheaper.


Diverter valves often leak, it's common knowledge. Regardless of the amount of air that escapes a valve, if any air escapes it is correct to say there is a leak.
Common tests used to detect a diverter valve leak include smoke testing the intake tract (read more on this here), removing the valve and pressurising the ports (usually in conjunction with a bucket of water or some soap to find a leak), a vacuum pump on the top port or any combination of these.
When such tests are applied and indicate a leak coming from a GFB TMS valve however, what is often not understood is the scale of a leak, where it originates from, and whether or not it is detrimental to engine performance.
GFB TMS valve design criteria
GFB TMS valves are designed with maximum throttle response in mind first, followed by the ability to vent to atmosphere for noise (if desired) on cars that typically don't allow atmosphere venting.
The piston-type valve design used by GFB satisfies the broadest range of design requirements and applications, which is why it continues to be used. For example, the dual outlet Hybrid design pioneered by GFB back in 1999 is only possible with a piston-type valve – dual outlets and 50/50 venting simply cannot be done with a factory poppet type valve.
Sealing a piston in a bore is simple, right? Use an O-ring and no air will be able to leak past – this is how hydraulic and pneumatic pistons and rams work. GFB TMS valves however, do not use an O-ring on the piston as is sometimes found on other brands, for two important reasons:
1. Minimum sliding friction is a key requirement for both optimum performance and successful atmosphere-venting operation. Friction in the piston travel can cause undesirable side-effects such as poor throttle response, compressor surge, idling problems, stalling and backfiring.
For optimum throttle response, the piston must be able to move freely in reaction to very small changes in pressure (the forces involved can actually be very small). O-rings create significant friction, no matter how loosely compressed, and worse still, the amount of friction varies greatly depending on the amount of lubrication, temperature, and how long the O-ring has been stationary (they tend to take a "set" after a while of not moving, and require significantly more force to get moving again)
It is simply not possible for a piston-type valve to operate properly with even the smallest amount of friction added by an O-ring.
2. O-rings in sliding operation require frequent replacement and/or lubrication.
Instead of O-rings, GFB TMS valves have multiple design features that offer the best balance between lowest friction, longest service life and minimal leak. These features are:
GFB products are manufactured exclusively on CNC machines capable of holding tolerances to +/- 0.01mm. This is essential since the piston-to-bore clearance is critical to ensure good sealing and low friction.
Material choice:
The piston is made from brass, which offers good corrosion resistance and machining properties for tight tolerances, and relatively low friction as it is often used in bearings and bushings. The bore is anodised aluminium, which also offers good machining properties and therefore tight tolerances, whilst the anodising results in an extremely hard and smooth finished surface that resists wear
Piston ring:
In lieu of an O-ring, GFB's pistons use a low-friction Ertalyte™ piston ring, designed much like the rings used on high performance engine pistons to spring outwards against the bore to aid sealing.
Of course, like the pistons in an engine, a small amount of air under pressure will be able to "leak-down" from the top chamber between the piston and bore, and through the split in the piston ring, where it will exit through the valve's venting outlet/s. This is unavoidable if the piston is to remain able to move freely.
If further proof of our argument against the use of O-rings is required, consider that the cost of O-rings in bulk is minimal – usually cents per piece. GFB's piston design already features a groove into which the piston ring fits, so no design change would be required to swap to an O-ring. Yet we choose the best performance by design, even though the Ertalyte™ piston ring and tight tolerances cost more to produce that O-rings.
What about a diaphragm? Diaphragm-type valve designs (as most factory valves are) boast the ability to completely seal the upper chamber, but they do not satisfy our performance design criteria. This is a topic entirely unto itself, and will be covered elsewhere.


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Number Theory
The research interests of the number theory faculty at UMass Amherst include algebraic number theory (the study of the arithmetic of finite extensions of the rational numbers), analytic number theory (the study of prime numbers and their distribution), arithmetic algebraic geometry (the study of solutions of polynomial equations over the rational numbers and related fields), Galois representations (the study of matrix representations of Galois groups) and automorphic forms (the study of arithmetic via objects from geometry and representation theory).
The Five College Number Theory Seminar meets weekly at Amherst College. The seminar features talks from prominent number theorists from across the country as well as talks on seminar members on their current research.


Ask A Biologist Podcast. Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist. _URL_
Chicago Manual of Style
Dr. Biology. "Tiny Matter." Produced by Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist. Ask A Biologist Podcast. December 16, 2009. Podcast, MP3 audio. _URL_
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"Tiny Matter." Ask A Biologist Podcast from Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist, 16 December, 2009, askabiologist.asu.edu/podcasts/tiny-matter.
A white and black seagull with an orange and red beak
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Bell:Cleaning the elutriation chamber
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Revision as of 16:34, 30 November 2005 by Stpierre (Talk | contribs)
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Back to: JE-5.0 elutriation system
Step 1: Preparing and degassing the cleaning solution
 1. Dilute 20mL of Micro-90 Liquid laboratory cleaner (Internation Products Crop, into 1 L of tap water.
 - To prevent foaming, add the Micro-90 to the water (not the other way around). Gently mix.
 - Use tap water as deionized water diminishes the efficiency of cavitation
 2. Unplug the bath sonicator
 3. SLOWLY fill the tub of the bath sonicator to the operating level line. Filling the bath too fast will result in foaming.
 4. Re-plug the bath sonicator
 5. If the bath sonicator has a heater, turn the heater ON.
 6. Turn the timer to 5-10min and let the cleaner run to allow the solution to degass.
Step 2: Cleaning the elutriation chamber
 1. Unplug the bath sonicator
 2. Remove some the cleaning solution from the tub to give space of the elutriation chamber
 3. Place the elutriation chamber onto a tray fit to the bath sonicator. To prevent foaming and re-aeration of the liquid, SLOWLY put the tray into the sonication tub. Placing the chamber directly on the bottom of the bath sonicator can damage the transducers.
 4. The elutriation chamber should be placed into the apparatus so that the chamber internal surfaces and inlet tubes are completely covered by detergent. The chamber is on its side, inlet tube down.
 5. Make sure the cleaning solution fills the tub to the operating line.
 6. Turn the heater ON to speed up the cleaning process.
 7. Allow the cleaning process to proceed for 30-60minutes, depending on the amount and nature of the material to be removed from the chamber surfaces.
Step 3: Rinsing the chamber and the bath sonicator
 1. Unplug the Branson bath sonicator.
 2. Rinse the bath sonicator with clean water to remove traces of detergent
 3. Rinse the chamber and rinse it under rapidly flowing clean warm tap water to clear out residual detergent and debris. Direct the pressure into the lower chamber base so that water flushes outwards through the inlet tube.
 4. Rinse thoroughly in deionized water.
 5. Dry the chamber, either:
 1. By blowing laboratory air into the inlet tube and over the interior surfaces of the chamber. Make sure the laboratory air is clean and oil-free.
 2. Dry in ambient air in a clean, dust-free environment.
 6. If sterility is required, the chamber may be autoclaved, or flow-through sterilization may be performed when the chamber is reassembled onto the elutriation rotor.
 - Beckman JE5.0 Elutriation system manual,
 - Branson Model 1510 Ultrasonics cleaner manual,
 - Information on Micro-90 liquid laboratory cleaner from International Products Corp (the makers of Micro-90) at
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Aggression (poker)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In the game of poker, opens and raises are considered aggressive plays, while calls and checks are considered passive (though a check-raise would be considered a very aggressive play). It is said[by whom?] that "aggression has its own value", meaning that often aggressive plays can make money with weak hands because of bluff value. In general, opponents must respond to aggressive play by playing more loosely, which offers more opportunities to make mistakes.
While it is true that aggressive play is generally superior to passive play, using any play exclusively can lead to predictability. A player who is constantly aggressive and plays many inferior hands is called a "maniac", and skilled players will take advantage of him by calling him more often, using isolation plays, and by other means.
If a player is not aggressive with his weaker hands, the opponents can safely fold whenever the player does bet or raise. The appropriate amount of aggression can be computed using game theory, and depends on the game being played and the tendencies of the opponents.
Most theorists, like David Sklansky and Doyle Brunson, suggest aggression as an important tool. Aggressive play should not be confused with loose play. Loose players may play passively, resulting in a calling station, while tight players may play aggressively, referred to as a TAG. Aggression is called for in particular circumstances. Very strong starting hands should be played very aggressively most of the time. A very strong propositional hand – one that is more likely to win with a straight or a flush – is one of the hands that can be played for effect with an aggressive style. Such aggression is deceptive, as the low and unpaired ranks of the starting hand require much improvement to win. This is beneficial for two reasons:
 - When the hand improves, the preceding aggression has increased the size of the pot, meaning a larger win.
 - On future raises with more traditionally powerful hands, other players must consider that the aggressor's open or raise is indicative of a strong drawing hand as opposed to a high pair.
The second reasoning is what is known as "advertising" in poker. It can be very profitable for a player to convince the other players at the table that he is willing to gamble with less than premium cards. The result is larger pots when the aggressive player has tremendously strong hands.
See also[edit]


Yellow Mocis
Moths in the genus Mocis are generally medium-sized (about 26mm across), and yellowish with closely related spot patterns. There are five such moths in North America, all in the southeastern US, more or less. The range of the yellow mocis is roughly from the east coast of Texas, all along the Gulf coast, through to Florida and South Carolina.
They have interesting, attractively striped caterpillars in the same tones of beige, brown, black and white as the adults. The caterpillars feed on forage and pasture grasses as well as some human crops (making them notable pests, unfortunately). They move like inchworms, making their bodies into a loop and then extending again, hence the common name for the genus, grass loopers or striped grass loopers.
Full disclosure: on iNaturalist, I've been told this may, in fact, be a withered mocis (Mocis marcida) and not a yellow mocis (Mocis disseverans). And hey, I'm no expert. My guess on species is based on the Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Southeastern North America, and the comparison image on, as well as skimming through's photos of each species. My impression is still that this is M. disseverans. I'm not sure what difference it makes, as both moths are of the "single sentence on Wikipedia" variety, and pretty interchangeable except for nuances in pattern.
(This sort of base, uneducated, neanderthal opinion is why I'm probably never going to be a real entomologist. 🙂
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6 Headbutt Techniques for Striking Vital Targets
Headbutting is illegal in most sports competitions, but in a self-defense situation, when your hands are tied up or you are in a clinch, your head may be the only weapon you can use.
The head is a vulnerable target, yet a dangerous weapon in fight.
A headbutt causes visceral pain that can instantly unlock a grip, make inroads, knock out, or change the tide of a confrontation. It shocks the inside of the brain. It doesn't discriminate on size. It can incapacitate the body. Let's take a look at why it works, where to strike, and how to do it. This blog is adapted from 'Vital Point Strikes: The Art and Science of Vital Target Striking for Self-defense & Combat Sports.
Why Headbutt
As a weapon, the head is better used for thinking than for striking, however when you have no other options, a headbutt can be a lifesaving technique. The element of surprise is critical to headbutting. Generally, the headbutt is a technique that you can use once in a fight, so if you choose to use it, make it count.
How To Headbutt
From a natural stance, tuck your chin down, clench your teeth, and stiffen the neck muscles. Aim and snap your head toward the target. For more power, use your body weight. Keep your eyes on your opponent at all times. Because of the sensitive nature of the brain, which can be damaged by repeated impact, practicing headbutting is not recommended.
CAUTION: Begin to practice finding the spots on your face with your hands by gently pressing and monitor the effects carefully. Be aware that a vital point strike can render a person unconscious, paralyze some parts of the body and even cause death. Never practice full power or full pressure strikes on a partner and always use common sense when practicing.
Major Targets
1. Cheek Bone-Orifice (ST03, the yellow dot in the photo below right); 2. Nose (GV25, the white dot); 3. Eyebrow (EX-HN4, the blue dot); 4. Upper Middle Mandibular joint (ST07, the red dot); 5. Temple area (EX-HN5, the green dot); 6. Solar Plexus (CV15, not shown in the photo).
Abbreviation: ST=Stomach Meridian; GV=Governing Vessel Meridian; EX-HN=Extra Head & Neck Point; CV=Conception Meridian.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
The face is rich with glands, plexus of nerve bundles, and nerve branches that are directly connected with the central nervous system in the brain and the vagus nerves in the stomach.
 Scenario 1
Straight headbutt to the Cheek Bone-Orifice (ST03) not only shocks the nerves in the brain but also the sensory receptors in the stomach, causing nausea and disorientation.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
Straight headbutt to the Cheek Bone (ST03, the Great Bone-Orifice)
 Scenario 2
A headbutt to the nose (GV25) shocks the brain through the external nasal nerve, the branch of the trigeminal nerve, causing excruciating pain, and can seriously damage the assailant's nose and mouth.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
A headbutt to the nose (GV25) drastically intensifies the sensory signals to the brain via the nasal nerve, causing pain and confusion.
 Scenario 3
Rather than striking a concussive blow, use your head to push on the Eyebrow (EX-HN4) and force the opponent to move away from you. Or snap with the strong side of your forehead on the ridge at the top of the eye socket.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
Headbutt to the Eyebrow (EX-HN4) can cause cuts that will bleed profusely, obstructing the assailant's vision.
Scenario 4
The mandibular joint is a key facial structure for chewing and speaking. It also plays a critical role in counterbalancing the head and neck. Striking the upper inner mandibular joint (ST07) not only causes pain that spreads over the head and face (there is a huge membrane called the Parotid gland surrounded by three branches of facial nerves underneath) but also diminishes the sense of balance.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
Headbutt to the upper inner mandibular joint (ST07) causes pain and numbness and imbalance.
 Scenario 5
While pressing the middle of the forearm (LI11, Pool at the Bend) with your thumb and striking the groin with your left hammer fist, deliver a headbutt to the Temple area (GB4-8, the V-shaped area packed with vital targets) to shock the opponent into releasing his grip. (Abbreviation: LI=Large Intestine Meridian)
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
The temple area is rich with nerves (GB4-8). When you strike the opponent's groin with your hammer fist and bend your torso sharply forward, his head naturally drops forward. To avoid striking his nose on the back of your head, he will turn his head to the side, and you can strike his temple with the rear top corner of your head.
 Scenario 6
When there is a sudden totally unexpected change in the environment, we have a tendency to inhale. When the opponent grabs your wrist, relax your muscles initially, then suddenly rotate your wrists inward and open the gap. As he inhales, strike the solar plexus (CV15) with your head. A well placed headbutt can stop his breathing.
Junsado Vital Point Strikes by Sang H. Kim
A headbutt strike to the solar plexus (CV15) or the sternum (CV17) is a classic close-quarter martial skill.
 Bottom Line
The head is a vulnerable target and thus a headbutt is dangerous to use in fighting. However, due to the hardness of the skull, when applied correctly, a headbutt is a powerful technique that may stop an aggressive opponent in a desperate situation. The key is to close the distance and to use the hard part of the forehead to strike a soft target such as the nose or temple.


Definitions for hoboˈhoʊ boʊ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word hobo
Princeton's WordNet
 1. tramp, hobo, bum(noun)
 a disreputable vagrant
 1. hobo(Noun)
 A homeless, usually penniless person, in some way associated with a life along the rails.
 2. hobo(Noun)
 A migratory laborer
 3. hobo(Noun)
 A tramp, vagabond; hence bum
 4. hobo(Verb)
 To be a hobo, tramp, bum etc.
 Joe idly hoboed through half the country till he realized hoboing never gets you anywhere in life.
 5. Origin: a contraction of or English dialect hawbuck.
 1. Hobo
 A hobo is a migratory worker or homeless vagabond, especially one who is penniless. The term originated in the Western—probably Northwestern—United States during the last decade of the 19th century. Unlike "tramps", who work only when they are forced to, and "bums", who do not work at all, "hobos" are workers who wander.
Anagrams for hobo »
 1. boho, Boho
 2. Boho
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Images & Illustrations of hobo
Translations for hobo
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text:
Color Banding Rows In A Worksheet
This page describes how to create color banding of rows on a worksheet.
If you have a large number of rows in a worksheet, especially if those rows span many
columns, you may find it useful to color alternate rows or alternate groups of rows with
another color. This creates a visual style similar to an accounting ledger or good old-fashioned
computer green-bar paper. Excel has built-in styles for this, and of course you can do it
manually. However, if you sort the rows or you insert or delete rows, the color banding will
get out of whack.
The solution to this problem is to use Conditional Formatting from the Format menu
to apply a format to the cells. The formula used in the Conditional Formatting rule is based
solely on the row number, so the formatting it applies will remain intact as you sort the rows or insert or
The formatting techniques described here create color bands of a fixed number of rows, regardless of the
content of the cells on worksheet. To create color banding based on the content of the cells, see the
Content Banding With Conditional Formatting page. When banding is applied,
the cells will have alternate bands of color, as shown below:
The image on the left shows even banding, where the even number of row groups are colored. The image on the right shows
odd banding, where the odd numbers of row groups are colored.
First, select the rows that you want to format. Then, go to the Format menu and choose
Conditional Formatting. In this dialog, change Cell Value Is to Formula
Is. The formula to use depends on whether you want the color applied to the first and every other
group of rows, or you want no color on the first group of row and color applied to the second and
then every other group of rows. Each group of rows can contain 1 or more rows.
To apply the color on the first group and every other group, enter the following formula in the
formula bar in the Conditional Formatting dialog.
where Rw is the row number of the first cell in the rows that are to be
formatted, and N is the number of rows in each banded group. For example,
if the first row is 12 and you want each band to contain 3 rows, you would use the formula:
Click the Format button and select the color or pattern that should be applied to the
If you want the banding to appear only on rows that are not empty, you can use a formula like
In this formula, change the reference to $D5 to the
cell reference that is to be tested for data. You should fix the column
specifier with the $ character, but do not fix the
To apply the color starting in the second band of rows, use the following formula in the
Conditional Formatting dialog:
As before, Rw is the row number of the first row to be formatted and
N is the number of rows in each band. For example, if the first row is
12 and the bands contain 3 rows, use the following formula:
By using Conditional Formatting rather than directly styling a range, you can prevent the colors from
getting out of order when you sort the range or insert or delete rows.
If you want the color banding to be based on the content of the cells (alternating between formatted and
unformatted when content changes), see Content Based Banding
||This page last updated: 28-February-2009.


text:
How do I export eFile history from the Electronic Filing Status site with CCH Axcess™ Tax and CCH® ProSystem fx® Tax?
- Article Type:
- How To
- Last Modified:
- CCH Axcess Tax
- CCH ProSystem fx Tax
To export the history for a single return
- Search for the return using the Filter/Search boxes
- Click on the return ID of the return
- The Print button will open the Print dialogue box. From here, you can send it to your printer.
- The Export button will create an Excel spreadsheet. From here, you can click Save to save it to your computer.
- Select your filter or enter your search criteria and click Go or Search
- Scroll to the bottom of the page
- The Batch Print History will send the history to your printer.
- Click the Batch Print History. This will open a new tab.
- In the new tab, click Print. This will open the print dialogue box. From here, you can send it to your printer.
- The Batch Export History button will create an Excel spreadsheet of the history.
- Click the Batch Export History button
- Click Export. You can now click Save to save the spreadsheet to your computer.
- Please note: You can only print one page at a time when printing the history for a group.
- If you are unable to see the filter or search boxes, please ensure that the Internet Explorer window is maximized, and that the zoom option is set to 100%.
- What settings do I need to configure in Internet Options to work with CCH® ProSystem fx® and CCH Axcess™ applications?


text:
Walla Walla, Wash.
The imposing basalt cliffs that form the Columbia River Gorge. Photo courtesy Cave B Estate Winery.
-- Washington state claims for itself, "the perfect climate for wine," but Whitman College instructor Dr. Kevin Pogue will travel to Italy later this week to highlight Columbia Valley terroir's contribution to growing conditions, too.
Pogue presents a paper about the influence of basalt on the terroir
of the Columbia Valley AVA at the VIII International Terroir Congress in Soave, Italy, on June 14-18. His paper focuses on the effects this distinctive igneous rock (predominant in the Columbia Basin) has on vines, specifically with respect to soil temperature, cluster temperature, vine chemistry and other attributes.
Basalt is relatively rare in vineyards of the world, Pogue notes in the paper; viticultural areas with basalt soils include the Canary Islands, the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, south-central France, northern Italy and Oregon's Willamette Valley. The palisades above Napa Valley on Mt. St. Helena are columnar basalt.
Typically, basalt occurs where volcanic activity was or is common. In the case of the Columbia Valley and the Pacific Northwest, basalt erupted more than 5 million years ago and today is covered by loess deposited during the glacial inundations known as the Missoula floods, between 13,000 and 15,000 years ago.
Pogue's paper concludes that the chemical and thermal properties of basalt in the soils of the Columbia Valley have a significant influence on the AVA's terroir
"Vineyards within the Columbia Valley AVA covered by fractured basalt bedrock or basalt-rich alluvium have higher average ground surface and subsurface temperatures than their grass-covered counterparts," the paper's conclusion notes. "The extra heat is derived from infrared radiation from the sun-warmed dark-colored basalt, not from conduction from heated air."
The paper also notes that vineyards planted on basalt bedrock should show an elevated iron content, due to the availability of iron here versus in the loess. "I hope to get our area in the spotlight a little bit while I'm over there," Pogue told Wines & Vines
This year's conference currently has 147 registrants from 21 countries, but Pogue said it hasn't typically attracted a lot of attention in the U.S. Just three U.S. researchers attended the previous congress in Switzerland. This year, Dr. Greg Jones from Southern Oregon University is on its scientific committee.
of SeVein Vineyards
in the Walla Walla AVA, which lies entirely within the Columbia Valley, says Pogue's research provides a better understanding of local growing conditions. "We do get a flavor change," says McKibben, who opened his vineyards to Pogue for research.
But he adds that the influence of basalt is just one of several factors at play in his properties, which include the SeVein properties south of Walla Walla towards the Oregon line, and Les Collines, which sits at a higher elevation in the foothills of the Blue Mountains east of the city.
"You really have to taste it quite a bit in different regions to tell whether you're getting the results of older vines giving a little better flavor or the basalt, or the vineyard manager changing his approach a little bit," he says. "There's no question in my mind that the basalt does help, but I can't say that all of a sudden I can get this flavor of lead pencil in there."
The fruit off the vineyards pleases winemakers, however, as it offers extra depth to the wines. This is true of Les Collines, which sits just three feet above the basalt rock, whereas the gentle terrain at SeVein sits about 12 feet above the basalt.
McKibben expects Pogue's presentation to generate some interest in Washington state, where many wineries are showing a growing appreciation for regional differences. The number of AVAs in the state is increasing (two were approved last year alone), and seminars at industry meetings regularly showcase differences from wines made with grapes from different vineyards.
"Anything that draws attention (to our wines) so that people will try them is going to help us," McKibben says.
The Columbia Valley AVA includes 6,670 acres of vines, primarily at elevations below 400 meters (1,300 feet).


text:
What does "dogged" here mean? I have no idea
I tried looking up dogged in a dictionary, and found several meanings, but none of them seemed to make sense in the context of this article:
Having the meaner qualities of a dog; malicious; mean; contemptible; surly.
Having the pertinacity of a dog; silently obstinate; unyielding.


text:
To copy a file from a list of source paths in Column A to a corresponding list of destination paths in Column C, you would make a macro like this:
Dim i As Long, lastrow As Long
lastrow = Range("A" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row
For i = 1 To lastrow
FileCopy Range("A" & i), Range("C" & i)
It's important to note the destination paths in Column C must be the full path; not just the desired new folder location. It's also important to note this macro copies the files from the source path to the destionation path. It doesn't move them. The original files will still exist in the source path.
Once you have your macro built, you can assign it to a button by clicking Insert > Form Control Button on your Developer Tab. You can even assign the macro to a shape, if you prefer.
The macro in this answer uses the native VBA FileCopy function, but you can also use the FSO CopyFile method. FSO stands for FileSystemObject and it allows you to control a whole suite of file properties. I highly recommend you take a look at our tutorial on the VBA FileSystemObject if this is something you're interested in.


text:
- Lift up the coil overhead and examine the interior with a flashlight. Determine if it has a single mark per wrap or just a few marks and determine if the marks appear in a regular line on the inside of the coil. If you have random and frequent marks, this is a sign of marks caused by metal pickup. I will address this problem later.
- If you have marks that are more or less inline inside the coil, there should be a discernible cause for the marks on the block. If there are four equidistant marks than it is obvious that it is the slots that are causing the marks. If the edge of the slots are not rounded with an approximately 1/8" to 3/16" radius, rounding the edges might eliminate the problem. If the slots are rounded and there are still four equidistant marks than it is an over drafting situation which has only two solutions. Draw the wire in two passes or draw it on a larger block to diminish the effect of the overdraft.
- If you have one or two marks that are not in line with the slots than we have to look elsewhere. Draw a few wraps and carefully unwrap the coils to determine where and when the marks appear. If the marks do not appear keep drawing wraps until they do and try and find the source of the marks. Match up the marks as you unwrap the coils with any possible causes. Look for a raised edge on the face due to gripper or chain damage or a defective coating, a raised edge on a post, raised edge on a "come along hole" or gripper pocket, and possibly a sharp edge at the top of the block which should have been rounded with a belt sander same as the slots. If the marks are in the first wrap possibly the die box needs to be adjusted so the wire enters at the draw line and parallel to the floor (a level placed on the drawn wire can determine if an adjustment is necessary).
- In the case of metal pickup which is similar to welding splatter on the face of the block, the problem gets progressively worse. There can be a few different causes for metal pickup, but basically the drawn wire is being ripped apart and sticking to the face of the block. It then builds on itself, causing more wire to be ripped apart and adhere to the block. In order to solve this problem all pickup has to be removed from the block which is most efficiently done by grinding.
- Not enough lubricant. This usually occurs by trying to produce a plating quality wire by minimizing a dry soap as opposed to using grease.
- Taper needs to be adjusted because the wire is too tight.
- Splintery rod
- A sharp edge on the face of the block is shaving the wire, and then the wraps adhere to the block and start the metal pickup.