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Building a gallery of thumbnails of same size in PHP
Creating Thumbnails: Part Two
In this second part, the script of thumbnails will be upgraded so that the height and width are both defined for all thumbnails, while keeping the proportions of the original images.
Indeed the disadvantage of the thumbnail script in the first part was to resize the image to a height or width given the choice, but the other dimension remained variable which does not allow to build galleries.
To achieve this, we will resize the image to create an intermediary thumbnail which retains the proportions, and then crop it either vertically or horizontally, depending in the form of the initial image.
Calculating the size of the intermediate thumbnail
The intermediate thumbnail will be either the width or the height of the final thumbnail, depending if the width or the height is less than the other side.
Dimensions of the final thumbnail
In the demo, the dimensions are 150 in height and 140 in width. Any other values could be choosen.
$thumbh = 150; $thumbw = 140;
Choice of formula
Should we crop on the height or width?
If the intermediate thumbnail has a height of 150, its width must be greater than or equal that 140.
If its width is 140, its height must be greater than or equal to 150.
To anticipate it, we calculate the ratio of height to width, for the source image and the thumbnail.
$ratio = $h / $w; $nratio = $thumbh / $thumbw;
If ratio, the original proportion, is more than nratio, the proportion of the final thumbnail, it must be cropped on the height, and on the width in the other case.
And if we crop on the height, the image is scaled depending on the width.
Resizing on the width
In case ratio is higher than nratio, in other words, the original image is too high compared to the thumbnail to achieve, the intermediate thumbnail is created on the base of the desired width:
$x = intval($w * $nh / $h);
if ($x < $nw)
$nh = intval($h * $nw / $w);
$nw = $x;
A temporary width of x is defined using the formula: w * nh / h.
If x is less than the desired width, the image is scaled on the height by
the formula nh = h * nw / w.
Otherwise the height is retained and the temporary value x is given to the width nw of the thumbnail.
Resizing on the height
If the new ratio nratio is bigger than the original ratio, the image is wider than high, it must be reduced on the basis of height, and then cropped horizontally.
$x = intval($h * $nw / $w);
if ($x < $nh)
$nw = intval($w * $nh / $h);
$nh = $x;
The calculations are inverted.
Creating the intermediate image
The PHP functions of the first part are used again to resize the image:
$resimage = imagecreatefromjpeg($oldname); $newimage = imagecreatetruecolor($nw, $nh); imageCopyResampled($newimage, $resimage,0,0,0,0,$nw, $nh, $w, $h);
But furthermore, we must crop the image, thus creating an empty image on which a part of the intermediate thumbnail is copied.
$viewimage = imagecreatetruecolor($thumbw, $thumbh); imagecopy($viewimage, $newimage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $nw, $nh);
Now we have just to save the thumbnail.
In the demo, an array of images is scanned by the foreach structure. See the complete source code below.
Thumbnail gallery created with the script
Click to display the original image.
- See the complete PHP script of thumbnail gallery.
- Download the archive including the script and images.


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As banks continue to explore ways to manage the sensitivity around charging fees while minimizing the impact associated with charging those fees, it's important to focus on the following three areas:
The data from our 2012 U.S. Retail Banking Satisfaction Study shows that fee structure changes not only have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, but they also lead to an increase in problem incidence and intended attrition. The following are some best practices banks should consider when making changes to fee structures:
- When changes are necessary, focus on limiting the number of changes customers are forces to accept. For example, making two or three changes to fee structures per year may be more confusing and less satisfying than making multiple changes at one time.
- When fee changes are necessary, it is critical to communicate the changes well in advance so that customers are not caught by surprise.
- While communication of fees is mandatory, there are some other ways for financial institutions to help ensure customers are aware of changes—e.g., communicating changes more than once and preferably via multiple channels, such as mailed letter and online notification.
Source: J.D. Power and Associates 2012 U.S. Banking Satisfaction Study
The impact of communication on the fee experience goes far beyond simply providing advance notice of any changes to the fee structure. There are other best practices that banks can follow to provide their customers with more information regarding fees or information on other product pricing options available:
Account initiation: Starting with account initiation, it's vital that representatives perform a detailed needs assessment and identify the products that meets customers' needs. Performing a detailed needs assessment during account initiation provides a big lift in fee understanding (22 percentage point difference for "completely" identified needs), while also providing a significant lift in satisfaction.
Online account information: It goes without saying that providing customers with clear and concise access to account information and other pertinent information via the bank's website is crucial. Clarity of account information and Clarity of information provided on the website provide considerable lifts in Fees satisfaction, while also improving fee understanding by 16 percentage points.
Outbound communication: Proactively contacting customers three or four times per year regarding banking products and services enhances satisfaction and understanding of both fees and product offerings, without creating information overload. Study findings show that satisfaction and understanding both begin to decline when customers receive five or more proactive contacts per year. This also includes performing account reviews to ensure customers have the right products. Empowering branch tellers and call center representatives to proactively review customer accounts and make recommendations for alternative products and pricing options provides lifts in Fees satisfaction and understanding and significantly improves the bank's Brand Image rating for being Customer driven.
3. Value-Based Pricing
Despite the current level of price sensitivity related to service charges, such as maintenance fees and minimum balance requirements, there is still an opportunity for banks to generate revenue through maintenance fee charges by creating a clear value proposition aligned with the differing needs of their customer base. It's also important to review the options that banks currently provide their customers with respect to maintenance fee charges.
Many banks have installed a minimum balance requirement so that customers are able to avoid maintenance fee charges, but it has created various levels of dissatisfaction. At the same time, customers indicated that discounts for students, senior citizens, military personnel, or multiple products are not widely offered, which may be related to poor communication of the discounts by the institution and, thereby, low customer awareness. But most importantly, many banks do not clearly communicate the benefits customers will receive in exchange for the maintenance fees they pay, nor are banks providing different pricing options based on channel and product usage.
By understanding the key drivers of high fee/above-average satisfaction across segments, as depicted above, banks should consider the following strategies:
Explain the value proposition—When considering how to roll out a new monthly maintenance fee structure for customers in a particular segment, banks should emphasize the offerings most important to that specific segment. For example, in their explanations to customers in the Affluent segment, banks should promote their mobile banking applications/improvements; their ability to provide proactive advice on accounts; their focus on an efficient and courteous branch experience; and their product offerings, such as debit card with rewards and mortgage discounts.
Develop unique pricing options—By understanding channel preference and usage, banks may potentially create unique pricing strategies. For example, since data shows that customers in the Affluent/Emerging Affluent segment tend to have lower levels of branch usage and preference than do other customers, banks may potentially offer these customers a special rate for low branch usage, such as visiting a branch once every 4 months. From the perspective of customers, they are getting a special deal for something that relates directly to them, and from the bank's perspective, they tend to benefit by minimizing branch traffic and staffing needs.
The Bottom Line:
There are a few banks across the industry that are able to charge customers maintenance fees without jeopardizing satisfaction, including Frost National Bank, Woodforest Bank, Hancock Bank, and S&T Bank. Customers of these institutions are more likely to be charged maintenance fees, compared with industry average, yet Fees satisfaction remains significantly above average.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Proposal of Optimum Fishway System Based on Field Investigations
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fishways '90
The purpose of this paper is to see what an optimum fishway system is, mainly, with water utilization facilities. To liquidate the dilemma between development and preservation, it is necessary to proceed with the design and construction of fishways, on one hand, and to seek, on the other hand, to secure fishery resources preserve the species by determining how far and how fast river development should go. This is only possible by developing optimum fishway systems according to field demonstrative studies. This paper describes the modelling of maintainable optimum fishway systems, mainly from the technical approach, and shows their predictability.
This document is currently not available here.


Both, Boy Names, Girl Names baby nameSkylar
What does the name Skylar mean?
The different meanings of the name Skylar are:
 - English meaning: Eternal life and strength
 - Dutch meaning: A shelter
 - American meaning: The Sky; Guarded; scholar, learned one
The meaning of the name "Skylar" is different in several languages, countries and cultures and has more than one possibly same or different meanings available.
Additional information: The name Skylar is an English variation of the Dutch surname Schuyler. The origin of this name is Dutch ans is mainly used is US as a boy name, though it is not used in the Netherlands as a first name for boys.


text:
Definition of ancient lights in English:
plural noun[treated as singular] English Law
- On the other hand, the Court ought to be very careful not to allow an action for the protection of ancient lights to be used as a means of extorting money.
- Tom associates England with 'ancient lights', a phrase that for him resonates with the mythic and the mystic.
- The very settled approach in the United States is to reject such claims (England has a doctrine of ancient lights which was firmly rejected here).
mid 18th century: from lights meaning 'light from the sky'. In England the sign 'Ancient Lights' was often placed on a house, adjacent to a site where a high building might be erected.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


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I have a 500 x 400px square with a 100px grid inside it. Now I want to fill that square with smaller random sized square that snap to the grid. This means that the smaller squares can be either 100, 200, 300 or 400 pixels in size. Their size and position needs to be random, so the output will look different every time it runs.
This image shows the large square, its grid, and a possible output with the smaller squares that I'm trying to create.
Image Test
I'm generating this in Ruby / Sinatra with DIV's, but I guess the question is more general towards the actual algorithm to use.
Any suggestions on how to do this with the least amount of code?
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Given a square, there are a finite number of places to put it. If you're not worried about speed: generate random square size up to some max; get all possible places to put it; randomly choose one and put it. If there are no possible places, decrease the max size. – Timbits Sep 4 '11 at 3:57
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
This method would take a lot of code, but I think what I would do is using Donald Knuth's Dancing Links algorithm (DLX) (or some other algorithm) to find all possible arrangements of squares. You can compute the arrangements ahead of time, then you can quickly/randomly pick one later when you need them.
You can read his paper about the algorithm and its application to pentominoes (which is very similar to your problem) here:
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One simple recursive approach you could take that would produce a fairly good random distribution works like this: as a base case, any grid that is 100x100 must be filled with a 100x100 square. Otherwise, if the grid is n x n for some n that's small enough to hold a square, you may choose to tile it with a square of that size. Otherwise, pick some side of the rectangle that isn't of size 100, pick some random place that's a multiple of 100, then split it in half and recursively tile both halves.
The main advantage of this approach is that you never have to keep track of where you've put older rectangles to avoid hitting them. You always work with empty rectangles and keep recursively subdividing the problem in a way that ensures that the regions never overlap.
This may not always give good results, but it's very easy to code up (I'd assume maybe 15-25 lines of code total) and can easily be tweaked to change the output.
Hope this helps!
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text:
The report finds that the ODA's processes have been largely successful in ensuring their sustainability standards and sustainability issues in their design briefs are brought forward into Invitations To Tender (ITT) and contracts.
The report expresses some concerns in these areas:
- How the BREEAM standards have been incorporated into contracts
- That the ODA need to mitigate the risk that sustainability standards aren't achieved where specific standards are not specified in contracts
- That the ODA need a system to manage this through their supply chain
- ODA processes have largely been successful in ensuring sustainability standards and sustainability issues from design briefs are included into ITT and contracts
- Concerns about how BREEAM standards have been incorporated into contracts
- The ODA need to address the risk of sustainability standards not being achieved when specific standards haven't been specified in contracts
- The ODA need a system to monitor and manage their sustainability standards through their supply chain to ensure they are delivered
- The ODA has been successful in sending signals about their sustainability requirements to the marketplace, as companies have been ready to respond when procurement started
- This good practice should be taken up throughout the London 2012 programme
- CompeteFor is being used by the ODA
- As part of the longer term evolution of CompeteFor, it should be used to encourage environmental improvements in businesses registering with it
Back to publications
- That the achievement of a BREEAM excellent rating be specified in all permanent venue contracts.
- That the ODA ensures that the risk of not achieving its sustainability standards is mitigated where the contractual arrangements do not mandate specific targets, such as recycled content, or compliance with sitewide contracts or delivery of an equivalent level of sustainability that these enable.
- That the ODA has a system to manage procurement risk and delivery of the sustainability objectives and standards throughout their supply chain.
- That, as part of the longer term evolution of CompeteFor, it is utilised to encourage and promote additional environmental criteria to drive improvements in businesses registering with it.


text:
5-10 s CP per day so that after some days of breathwork they could increase their morning CPs up to 3 or more times. Modern Western Buteyko students often practice for about 40-60 min per day and their rate of progress is usually about 2-5 s morning CP per week. This slow CP increase rate makes the process of detoxification more gradual and the body cleanse unnoticeable.
2. Many Western people regularly use mineral supplements, especially Ca and Mg. An abundance of essential minerals and salts drastically reduces the severity and duration of body cleanse reactions as it is described in the Section Nutritional deficiencies and body cleansing reactions (part 3.2 of the Major Nutrients Guide).
3. Modern western students are exposed to much larger doses and varieties of chemicals in comparison with Soviet Buteyko students (the environment became more polluted). As a result, various allergic reactions are much more common in modern Western students.
4. Greatly increased prevalence of mild and light GI problems makes modern students more susceptible to developing serious GI problems according to the mechanism described above.
Dr. Buteyko on the body cleansing reactions (Part of his small manual "Method of volitional elimination of deep breathing", with details about duration, severity and physiological mechanisms of common body cleanses).
If you click the above Facebook like button and "like" this page, I will be nearly "forced" to asnwer your question. You can also tweet this page. Mention this in your comment, and you can ask even more. Thanks.
Back to: Learning Buteyko Breathing Exercises
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Export controls regulate the shipment or transfer, by whatever means, of controlled items, software, technology, or services out of U.S or within the US to non-US individuals. As this is a complex and complicated topic, it is recommended that researchers visit CUNY's Export Control for a detailed explanation of Export Control regulations how they affect research activities, international collaborations, and export-related transactions at CUNY. This website will provide links to key sections of the regulations, CUNY's procedures addressing the types of items that the government controls, and CUNY contacts for export control administration.
CUNY SPS Export Control Administrator:
Assistant Dean of Institutional Effectiveness and Planning


text:
ADL Education Programs
The People V. Leo Frank:
A teacher's guide to accompany the film by Ben Loeterman
"Almost a century after the fact, one of the most notorious criminal dramas in American history comes back to life as a documentary." —Atlanta Journal Constitution
The People v. Leo Frank, a 2009 film by Ben Loeterman Productions, vividly brings to life one of the most fascinating criminal cases in American history: the 1913 murder of a child laborer, Mary Phagan, and the trial and lynching of the Jewish factory supervisor accused of her murder, Leo Frank. Set against the backdrop of an American South struggling to shed its legacy of bigotry and xenophobia, The People v. Leo Frank is both a first-rate murder mystery and a compelling look at racial, religious, regional and class prejudices in the early years of the 20th century. View the movie trailer.
ADL is proud to present the Teacher's Guide to accompany The People v. Leo Frank. The guide provides instructional materials that help educators to explore the intersection of various forms of oppression and the complexity of bias incidents at the center of the Leo Frank case in four topic areas:
- Anti-Semitism and Religious Bigotry
- Racism and Race Relations
- Regional and Class Tensions
- The Power of the Press
Each topic area includes guided review of film clips with discussion questions, student readings, extension activities and research ideas, investigation of primary source materials, as well as correlation to national educational standards.
Students will emerge from their study of the Leo Frank case with an understanding of the ways in which anti-Semitism, racism and other social forces shaped life in the post-Reconstruction and Jim Crow South. More importantly, students will also increase their awareness about the dangers of stereotyping and bigotry in today's world, and the importance of speaking out against bias and prejudice of all kinds.
Read through some excerpts of the guide's discussion questions and watch the accompanying film clips. You can also download the entire Teacher's Guide using the form below.
For more information about The People v. Leo Frank or for a DVD version of the movie to accompany the Teacher's Guide, visit _URL_.
Download the Teacher's Guide For Free
Sign up and you will be able to download the Teacher's Guide
Please fill out the following personal information: (All fields with an * are required)


Revision as of 08:50, 1 August 2012 by hamishwillee (Talk | contribs)
How to simulate pointer events
From Nokia Developer Wiki
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Article Metadata
Code ExampleCompatibility
Platform(s): S60 5th Edition
S60 5th Edition
Keywords: CCoeControl, RWsSession
Created: chenziteng (28 Sep 2009)
Last edited: hamishwillee (01 Aug 2012)
The wiki article Simulating Pointer Events introduced a way to simulate pointer events within an application. However, sometimes a program may need to send pointer events to other applications. This article describes how to simulate pointer events by RWsSession::SimulateRawEvent(), and explains why it is impossible to send pointer event to a background application by RWsSession::SendEventToWindowGroup().
The RWsSession::SimulateRawEvent() can be used to simulate pointer events, i.e. send pointer events to the foreground application. Assume that the phone is in portrait mode, then the following code can simulate a touch operation on the "Options" CBA button area. If the foreground application has the "Options" CBA button then its options menu will be popped up.
TPoint p(60,600); // within the "Options" CBA button area
TRawEvent event;
event.Set(TRawEvent::EButton1Down, p.iX, p.iY);
iCoeEnv->WsSession().SimulateRawEvent(event); // SwEvent
event.Set(TRawEvent::EButton1Up, p.iX, p.iY);
Source Code
Full example:
How to use it on emulator:
 1. Build the application for winscw and then start the emulator
 2. Start the application and then press the "Multi-task" key (also called the Menu key),
How to use it on target:
 1. Sign the HelloWorld_gcce.sis with a certificate that can grant SwEvent capability
 2. Install the signed installation package on the phone and then start it.
 3. Press the "Multi-task" key
You can see the app sends itself to background and then the foreground application (the Main menu) pops up its options menu.
Many developers tried to send pointer events to a selected application by RWsSession::SendEventToWindowGroup(), but always the target application crashed with KERN-EXEC 3 panic.
To know why it is a Mission Impossible to send pointer events in this way, we shall first understand the convention between CONE and Window Server:
 1. When a window-owning control (CCoeControl) is constructed the address of the control is used as the handle of the window.
 2. When there is a pointer event the Window Server decides which window shall handle it, and then assigns the window handle to the event.iHandle, and then sends the event to the app that owns the window.
 3. When the app CONE received the event, it casts the event.iHandle to a CCoeControl pointer and then call pointer->HandlePointerEventL(event);
So if the code looks like this:
TWsEvent event;
event.SetHandle(0); // "what the handle is? Anyway clear it..."
TPointerEvent& pointerEvent = *(event.Pointer());
pointerEvent.iType = TPointerEvent::EButton1Down;
pointerEvent.iParentPosition = TPoint(0,0);
pointerEvent.iPosition = TPoint(10,10);
pointerEvent.iModifiers = 0;
ws.SendEventToWindowGroup(...); // // send the event to app1
When the app1 receives the event the bad thing will happen:
// CONE code
CCoeControl* ctrl = reinterpret_cast(event.Handle());
ctrl->HandlePointerEventL(*(event.Pointer())); // KERN-EXEC 3 because ctrl equals NULL
The Window Server is in charge of all the windows so it knows what the iHandle should be, but you don't know, so "Window Server's score:100. Yours:0!"
PS: RWindowGroup::Child() can return the client handle but we can not take it for granted that it is a CCoeControl pointer.
The CONE source code included in ER5 SDK (log-in required).
This page was last modified on 1 August 2012, at 08:50.
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This youth supplement to UNFPA's flagship State of the World Population Report addresses climate change through the perspectives and experiences of seven young people (from Brazil, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines and U.S.A.). It explores how environmental changes are affecting their lives, and what further climatic changes could mean for young people's lives, livelihoods, health, rights and development.
Young people all over the world are today standing up and calling for action on climate change. They are both angry with scenarios that in some cases seem inevitable and confident that their contributions will make a difference. The young people featured in this report tell stories that give us a glimpse of what impact climate change might have on young people from different backgrounds and cultures, giving a deeper understanding of how the lives of young people will change, as the projected impacts of climate change arrive.


SpongeBob SquarePants
Aliens (SpongeHenge)
on ESB
N. Unofficial Name
General information
Address: Pacific Ocean
Interests: Tourism
Physical appearance
Color: Purple
Eye Color: Green
Series information
First appearance: "SpongeHenge"
Latest appearance: "SpongeHenge"
List of characters
The Aliens appear at the end of "SpongeHenge," looking at the sculptures SpongeBob SquarePants made. They are purple and have an extra eye on their forehead.
 - They live in the 51st century which is 10 centuries later after the future in "SB-129."
 - There are two things that may happened that why are aliens instead of fish.
Angry Jack close-up
"We paid ten dollars for this?"
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I have a some thumbnail in azure blob storage and thumbnail-URL in azure table. I want to retrieve thumbnail URL. After that, when I click on this URL it will show the full image from azure blob. Anybody help me. What is the query that I should use?
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1 Answer 1
The URL-click part should be as straightforward as any other embedded img link, as long as your blob is publicly accessible.
I don't know what your entity looks like, but let's just pretend you have a table called ImageDetails, and you have an entity called ImageDetail with a property called ThumbnailURL. You could query the table with something like this (you'd probably want to subclass TableServiceContext - this is a simple example):
 var imageDetailQuery = CloudStorageAccount.DevelopmentStorageAccount
 var imageDetail = (from d in imageDetailQuery where... select d).FirstOrDefault();
At this point, assuming you have an ImageDetail object, you can just access:
And build up your tag, either inline or in code:
var imgTag = String.Format("", imageDetail.ThumbnailURL);
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Difference between revisions of "Form fields"
From Joomla! Documentation
(Created category for form field articles)
m (Added category)
Line 2: Line 2:
[[Category:Top Level]]
[[Category:Top Level]]
[[Category:JForm forms]]
Revision as of 12:57, 10 June 2011
== Introduction == Form fields are fields in a HTML . Joomla! 2.5 Joomla 2.5 and newer supply the JForm class to conveniently and flexibly create forms with a large amount of form fields. Each form field type is a subclass of JFormField.


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On a quest to find the tastiest watermelon for your Fourth of July cookout? There's an Israeli app for that.
After experiencing the bitter frustration of trying to choose a good watermelon – only to get it home and find it hollow and tasteless – three computer science students at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology decided to use technology to solve that age-old challenge. The result? A prototype that uses a smartphone, sensors and an algorithm to determine the quality of a watermelon in a matter of seconds – without ever opening the watermelon.
Through meetings with agricultural engineers and biologists around the world, Technion students Salah Abed Alehlim, Adam Garah and Ayman Sarha'an concluded there's a correlation between a watermelon's external and internal properties. It turns out that tone, color, stripe patterns, shape, and the size of the circle at the bottom of the watermelon all help determine what's inside.
The app takes a picture of the watermelon from three angles, and uses an algorithm to analyze its external properties. The app then gives each watermelon a taste rating between 1 ("atrocious") and 5 ("divine").
Does it work? According to the students, the app (which is not yet available to the public) scored 100 percent accuracy in experiments on 30 watermelons. They also say it can be applied to examine the quality of other types of fruit.


text:
Birmingham pen trade
 19th century
In Newhall Street, John Mitchell manufactured pens; he pioneered mass production of steel pens (prior to this, the quill pen was the most common form of writing instrument). Mitchells are credited as being the first manufacturers to use machines to cut pen nibs, greatly speeding up the process. John's brother William later set up his own pen-making business in St Paul's square.
Baker and Finnemore operated in James Street, near St Paul's Square; C. Brandauer & Co Ltd. (founded as Ash & Petit) traded at 70 Navigation Street; Joseph Gillott & Sons Ltd. made pen nibs in Bread Street (now Cornwall Street) for companies such as Perry & Co.; Hinks, Wells & Co. traded in Buckingham Street; George W. Hughes traded in St Paul's Square; Leonardt & Catwinkle (then D. Leonardt & Co.) traded in George and Charlotte Streets, and M. Myers & Son. were based at 8 Newhall Street.
By the 1850s, Birmingham existed as a world centre for steel pen and steel nib manufacture; more than half the steel-nib pens manufactured in the world were made in Birmingham. Thousands of skilled craftsmen and -women were employed in the industry. Many new manufacturing techniques were perfected in Birmingham, enabling the city's factories to mass-produce their pens cheaply and efficiently. These were sold worldwide to many who previously could not afford to write, thus encouraging the development of education and literacy.
 20th century
Richard Esterbrook manufactured quill pens in Cornwall. During the 19th century, Esterbrook saw a gap in the American market for steel-nib pens. He approached five craftsmen who worked for John Mitchell in Navigation Street, with a view to setting up business in Camden, New Jersey, USA. Esterbrook later went on to become one of the largest steel-pen manufacturers in the world. He returned to Birmingham for help when in 1928 the British Government placed restrictions on US imports. John Mitchell's factory was used to produce Esterbrook pens within the UK (Mitchells were then operating in Moland Street). In 1930 Esterbrook introduced a fountain pen in Britain which had a nib made of osmiridium, which eventually replaced large-scale production of steel-tipped pens.
During World War II, pen manufacture in the city was somewhat disturbed. Mitchell's factory on Moland Street was struck by an incendiary bomb; the premises were partially rebuilt during the war with government aid, on condition that a government stationery office and ammunition assay office could reside there. Esterbrook were still manufacturing pens in Birmingham until 1973.
During the first half of the 20th century Swan Pens opened a large gold pen-making factory in the city, taking advantage of the skilled gold workers of the jewellery quarter, and at the same time Osmiroid International had a large production plant in the city.
 See also
- D. Leonardt & Co.
- Dip pen
- Joseph Gillott's
- List of pen types, brands and companies
- Perry & Co.
- The Birmingham Pen Trade Heritage Association and Museum
- D. Leonardt & Co. /Manuscript Pen Co Ltd website
- Brause website


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I have a Lie algebra comprised of the generators $\{e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4\}$ for which the only non-zero commutators are
$$ [e_4,e_2]=-i e_3 $$ $$ [e_4,e_3]= i e_2 $$
(Excuse the physicist notation, for mathematicians the generators are actually ${ie_1,ie_2,ie_3,ie_4}$). Clearly, this is a solvable Lie Algebra ($[e_3,e_2]=0$).
My question is: Is there a simple way to refer to it without declaring its commutators? Like we can refer to $su(2)$ instead of writing out all of $su(2)$'s generators. I'd like to be able to do that for this algebra. If there's not a way to do this, I'd like to know that instead.
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What is the field? $\mathbb R$, $\mathbb C$ or any? I can't understand completely your notation. – emiliocba Jan 24 '12 at 19:32
Sorry, $\mathbb R$ is implied in physics, so that we get unitary evolution. However, $\mathbb C$ would be just the complexification of the analogous "real" algebra, no? – thequark Jan 25 '12 at 1:02
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Consider using the basis $$\{ f_1, f_2, f_3, f_4 \} = \{ e_1, i e_2 + e_3, e_2 + i e_3, e_4 \}$$ since all basis commutators are zero except for $$[f_4,f_2]=f_2 \quad [f_4,f_3]=-f_3$$
As emiliocba mentioned, the algebra is the direct product of a trivial one-dimensional algebra generated by $e_1=f_1$, and a three dimensional algebra generated by the other basis vectors.
According to wikipedia this three dimensional algebra is the Lie algebra of type Type VI0, the Lie algebra of the group of isometries of Minkowski space.
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Firt at all, your algebra $\mathfrak g$ can be written as $$ \mathfrak g=\mathfrak h\times \mathbb R, $$ where $\mathbb R$ is the generated space by $e_1$ and $\mathfrak h=\langle e_2,e_3,e_4\rangle$.
Now, $\mathfrak h$ is one of the infinite solvable Lie algebras of dimension three. Look at Exercice 2 of Chapter I of Knapp's book. I don't know if these algebras have a name.
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text:
When processing a pre-tax deduction for salary sacrifice purposes, if you have set the payment type to 'manual' or 'bank account', it means these payments aren't being reported to the ATO as RESC payments. To make it more difficult, these instances are only usually noticed at EOFY when the final STP event is being published.
NB: As at 4 November 2020 we made changes to the RESC deduction category in order to help users avoid incorrectly allocating RECS deductions to anything other than a super fund. This article provides detailed information about these changes.
If however, these payments were made before these changes, you are able to perform the below functions via pay events in order to fix them.
Correcting RESC values within a pay event
This action can be used for fixing incorrectly allocated payment methods against super salary sacrifice payments. Payments that have been set up to be paid to a 'bank account' or'manually' will not appear in the pay/update event as RESC. Once you have created your update/pay event the process to fix this is:
- Select the Actions > Correct RESC values option:
- Select the employee you need to make the correction for and either one of, or any, relevant deduction categories:
- Show deductions - will display a list of all the incorrectly allocated deductions for the current financial year:
- Once the relevant deduction/s have been selected, a 'Change the payment method of these deductions to this superfund' section will appear with a drop-down list of all the super funds that are listed for the employee. Once the required super fund has been selected click on the 'Change payment method' button:
- Click on 'Yes' to confirm the number of deductions and the super fund they will be allocated to. NOTE - this action cannot be undone!
- Once the confirmation modal is closed the pay event will update automatically:
To find out more about RESC contributions, see this article.
If you have any questions/comments let us know via _EMAIL_


text:
MTB TraIl nearby Serra de Collserola natural area, in España and Sarrià-Sant Gervasi population.
The largest locality in the area is Barcelona
, with a population of 1,621,537 persons, at a distance of 6.540 kilometers from the center of the map.
The nearest is Sarrià-Sant Gervasi
(140,000 persons), at a distance of
The following indicators give us an idea of the difficulty of the route:
- Trail length: 3.284 kilometers.
- Min height: 171 meters above sea level.
- Max height: 432 meters above sea level.
- Average height: 307 meters above sea level.
- Average slope uphill: 0.000 %.
- Average slope downhill: -8.298 %.
- Mathematical difficulty index: 0.000.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
For any positive integer $n$ the map $p:S^1\to S^1$, defined by $p(z)=z^n$ is a covering map.
I think it's easy, but as I'm a really beginner I'm struggling to prove it. By the way, what kind of operation is that $z^n$?
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Consider $S^1$ as $\{z\in \Bbb C:|z|=1\}$ – Dominik Dec 10 '12 at 20:50
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1 Answer
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I'm in a rush, but here's a hint:
EDIT: Now that I have more time, let me see if I can explain this better.
Let's begin by thinking of the circle as a paramaterized curve. In particular, let's consider parameterizing $S^1$ as $\gamma(t)=e^{2\pi it}$ for $t=[0,1]$. The curve $\gamma$ can be thought of as traversing the unit circle once, counterclockwise. While this parameterization will not really make any of our work any easier, it will at least make it clear that the statement is true.
Ok, so note then that if $f:z\mapsto z^n$ is the $n^{\text{th}}$ power map, then we can get a handle of what $f$ does to $S^1$ by seeing how the map $f\circ \gamma$ works--for ease of notation let's call $f\circ\gamma=h$. Now, just unraveling this, we see that, by definition, $h$ is a parameterization of $S^1$ given by $h:[0,1]\to S^1:t\mapsto e^{2\pi i n t}$. Now, the important thing to notice about $h$, is that while $\gamma$ traversed $S^1$ once, we've (in essence) "sped up" so that in our allotted time of $[0,1]$ we actually round the circle $n$ times. In particular, we see that we round the circle once in the interval $[0,\frac{1}{n}]$, again in the interval $[\frac{1}{n},\frac{2}{n}]$, and in general, once in the interval $[\frac{m}{n},\frac{m+1}{n}]$ with $m\in\{0,n-1\}$. Moreover, if we restrict to open subsets of each of these intervals, our map is a homeomorphism onto its image. Thus, we see that, at least intuitively, $h$ does cover $S^1$ "$n$-times".
Now, let's see what happens if we pick a point $p_0\in S^1$ and start looking at neighborhoods around it, and in particular, how about we consider $1\in S^1$. Now, while there are tons of neighborhoods, it makes sense to, if we are going to prove that $f$ is a covering map, restrict our attention to neighborhoods of $p_0=e^{\frac{\pi i}{3}}$ that "come" from $f$, or in our case $h$. In particular, we note that $p_0=h\left(\frac{1}{12n}\right)$. So, a good way to pick a neighborhood of $p_0$ would be to look at the image under $f$ of a neighborhood of $\frac{1}{12n}$--let's say we look at $\left(\frac{1}{13n},\frac{1}{11n}\right)$. Now, this is all valid since we know that on open subsets of each of our subintervals $[\frac{m}{n},\frac{m+1}{n}]$ the map $h$ is a homeomorphism so that $U=h\left(\frac{1}{13n},\frac{1}{11n}\right)$ really is a neighborhood of $p_0$
Now, that we have a very nice neighborhood of $p_0$, let's try to verify the conditions on $f$ that make it a covering map. Let's look at $f^{-1}(U)$. Well, let's actually being by looking at $h^{-1}(U)$, because this is easy to get a handle on. Namely, we know that $h$ just wraps around $S^1$ $n$-times and it will covering $U$ precisely during the time intervals in each interval $[\frac{m}{n},\frac{m+1}{n}]$ that "act like" $\left(\frac{1}{13n},\frac{1}{11n}\right)$. It is not hard to see that each of these subintervals are just going to be of the form $\left(\frac{1}{13n}+\frac{m}{n},\frac{1}{11n}+\frac{m}{n}\right)$ for $m\in\{0,\cdots,n-1\}$. So, now that we have a handle on what $h^{-1}(U)$ looks like, we can easily deal with $f^{-1}(U)$ by just "pushing forward" by $\gamma$. Namely, $f^{-1}(U)$ will just be the union of the sets $\gamma\left(\frac{1}{13n}+\frac{m}{n},\frac{1}{11n}+\frac{m}{n}\right)$ for each $m\in\{0,\cdots,n-1\}$ (where on the circle are these regions?). Moreover, it's clear that each of these intervals are disjoint, because $\gamma$ acts (except for the endpoints, which we aren't worrying about) injectively. Thus, we see that $f^{-1}(U)$ is a disjoint union of $n$ open subsets $\gamma\left(\frac{1}{13n}+\frac{m}{n},\frac{1}{11n}+\frac{m}{n}\right)$ of $S^1$. Moreover, since the action of $f$ on each of these subsets is just $h$ on the intervals $\left(\frac{1}{13n}+\frac{m}{n},\frac{1}{11n}+\frac{m}{n}\right)$ we know that $f$ restricted to each of these maps is a homeomorphism. Thus, we see that the covering map condition is at least at the point $p_0$.
Now, I went into way too much detail, and I'm sure you got the point half-way through, but I hope that was able to help, and I hope you can generalize this to prove that $f$ is a covering map!
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Thank you for your answer! – user42912 Dec 17 '12 at 5:45
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text:
Development Of A Location-factor-matrix For Sustainable Business Locations
Free (open access)
407 - 415
M. Pajones, T. Steiner, N. Hackner-Jaklin
Modern company strategies show that the issue of sustainability, for example in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, became a significant aspect. However, related to the process of location planning, companies do not take sustainability into consideration. In consolidation of strategies in business economics, key objectives in spatial development and traffic planning, a sustainable business location should be generated. As no definition of the term "sustainable business area" exists so far, an inevitable step for further development is to create one, which is presented in this paper. Another aim is to identify essential location factors, which have an impact on the economic-, ecologicaland social sustainability of business locations. A qualitative analysis of interdependencies demonstrates the substantial connections between these factors. In the course of an organized workshop, experts in freight logistics, spatial planning, traffic planning and sustainability discussed the essential location factors and their impact on sustainability. The output was a so called location-factor-matrix for business locations. In a next step, the interdependencies among the defined location factors and their roles in the system have been indicated with the help of the impact matrix by Vester. Another substantial step further along the line will be the development of sustainability criteria or indices, which allow a classification of the business location. These findings will be an essential input for a location-factors-based evaluation and planning system.
sustainability, location factors, sustainable business location, sustainable development, sustainability dimensions, impact matrix


text:
The Central Bank has published an FAQ document on the bank and investment firm resolution fund levy dealing with the following issues:
- What is the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD)?
- How has the BRRD been implemented in Ireland?
- What is the Single Resolution Mechanism?
- What is the Bank and Investment Firm Resolution Fund?
- Is this the first time that institutions are contributing to a fund?
- Why are banks and investment firms being levied now? and
- Why is this additional levy needed?


The Fresh Loaf
News & Information for Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts
How to calculate the percentage of protein in #50 of grain?
 - Pin It
curvesarein's picture
I have seen organic companies that say 14% protein content, others 12%, but how do you figure that? I currently found an organic wheat with no pesticide use or genetically altered, but it says 6 grams of protein for 1/4 cup.
mrfrost's picture
Different types of wheat have different protein levels, usually. Hard red spring wheat is usually said to have the highest protein. There are several types of wheat, red, white, hard, soft, spring, winter; all with varying protein levels.
So you have to know the wheat. Take flourgirl, for instance. She grows her own wheat, so she knows her hard red spring wheat(for example) should have a certain protein level. Even so, the accurate, precise levels have to be determined by taking samples of each crop, and having it scientifically tested.
Hope this is what you are asking. If you are speaking of reading a product nutrition label to determine a precise protein %, you usually can't.
BakerBen's picture
You know one of the two things to calculate Protein % - there are 6 grams of protein in 1/4 cup of this organic flour. If you knew the exact weight of a 1/4 cup of this flour in grams then you could calculate the Protein % for this particular flour. It would be
Protein % = (6g * 100) / (number of grams in 1/4 cup flour)
for example, if a cup of this flour weighed 120 grams then 1/4 cup = 30 g and the formula would yield
Protein % = (6g * 100) / 30g
 = 600g / 30g
 = 20 %
This is the math for this one EXAMPLE.
We know the flour most likely does not have a Protein % = 20 %, so what do you really need to know:
- again what does 1/4 cup of this flour weigh in grams, and
- what is the EXACT - or at least a much more precise - number of grams of protein in 1/4 cup of this flour (e.g. protein in grams to 4 decimal places).
hope this helps.
Chuck's picture
What you really care about is the gluten content. It's quite often true that nearly all the protein in wheat is the two components of gluten ...but not exactly and not always. My personal suggestion is to always ask about "gluten", but be willing to accept "protein" numbers instead if that's all you can get.
The federally mandated "nutrition label" usually will not work, because it's "serving size" is too small so the gluten differences you care about get lost in the roundoff errors. The law apparently wasn't really intended for flour, and isn't very useful to home bakers; it's nice that you can always find that "nutrition label", but in fact it isn't worth very much to you.
Hopefully the miller knows the gluten content (to the nearest tenth of a percent) and will tell you when asked. Otherwise your options are to i) ask other customers (less likely with a local miller) or ii) have a lab analyse it (expensive) or iii) ask the miller for the results of their lab analysis (but they'll probably just tell you to shove it if you're not a large quantity customer like a bakery) or iv) figure out some way to measure the gluten yourself at home (messy, troublesome, and not very accurate).
An alternative is to just buy it anyway, and take it home and see how long it takes for a dough to feel like a rubber ball - you'll figure it out pretty quickly.
Beware that you want a particular value, not just "more is better". It's fairly easy to get too much gluten, which makes great bagels and pizza dough but will probably result in bread that's too "chewy".
Chuck's picture
it says 6 grams of protein for 1/4 cup
This sounds to me like the equivalent of a "nutrition label", so inexact as to be pretty much useless. A "cup" can be anywhere from 105 to 150 grams. And the amount of "protein" can be anywhere from 5.5 to 6.5, all of which will be legitimately rounded off to 6.
Depending on which values I choose, protein content could be anywhere from 14% to 21%. That's a huge difference when only about 1% separates the typically available King Arthur "All Purpose" and "Bread" flour lines.
In any case (unless a very significant portion of this "protein" is not gluten), this flour seems to me to have much too high a gluten content to make decent bread by itself. It would need to be mixed with some other flour with a much lower gluten content. What does the miller advise? What do other customers do?
curvesarein's picture
curvesarein has organic wheat kernal,- hard red wheat with 1/4 cup (46 grams) with 6 grams peotein, Hubby says you take the 6 grams and divide by 46 which gives you 13%. Does this make sense?
INGREDIENTS: Organic Hard Red Wheat Berries.
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size: 1/4 cup (46 g)
Servings per Container: About 493 (50 lb. size)
Servings per Container: About 246 (25 lb. size)
Servings per Container: About 49 (5 lb. size)
Nutrient Amount %DV
Calories 150
Calories from Fat 5
Total Fat 0.5 g 1%
Trans Fat -- g
Sodium 0 mg 0%
Total Carbohydrate 33 g 11%
Dietary Fiber 6 g 24%
Protein 6 g
Iron 10%
Chuck's picture
take the 6 grams and divide by 6 which gives you 13%. Does this make sense?
Sorta. It's misstated. And I still disagree.
It should be 46 divided by 6 (not 6 divided by 6).
And I still think the serving size is small enough to allow the "rounding error" to make this number not all that useful. Since the reported "6 grams" could really have been anything from "5.5 grams" to "6.5 grams" before rounding, even with your more exact definition of what "1/4 cup" is (i.e. 46 grams), my calculations give a protein content range of 11.9% - 14.1% ...and that's a fairly big difference.
 I'm talking wheat kernal, not flour,
 I may be courting a "stoopid award" here, but: I personally suspect it may not make much difference. If the kernels have that much protein, and you have to grind them into flour to make bread, then the flour is likely to have about that much protein too.
 (Of course if you have some way to closely control the grind and produce either "white flour" or "whole wheat flour", the resulting gluten content may be significantly different from the kernels you started with.)
 curvesarein's picture
 Weigh 1/4 cup of the wheat.
 Divide 6g by the weight in grams of 1/4 cup of wheat and multiply by 100.
 The result will be the percentage of protein in the wheat.
 Chuck's picture
 Here the math is correct, but failing to allow for "rounding error" puts it in the context of misleading at best.
 (In my experience, Yahoo Answers is quite often off the reservation:-)
 curvesarein's picture
 I guess I will play ignorant like I did in the 80's when I bought wheat from the mormons. I asked no questions and just bought and baked. So the real criteria is if when I grind it and make bread what the bread come out like! :) I always hated math and failed algebra. That was a typo, I corrected a few minutes later on the 46 grams.
 flourgirl51's picture
 When farmers sell their grain to the mill they have the option for it to be tested for protein levels. The higher the protein level, the more that they get for their grain if they choose to get it tested. After the wheat is sold to the mills, many times the low protein and high protein wheats are blended together to make a medium level flour as it is not easy to get a high protein crop and low protein wheat is more prevalent.
 We grow our own certified organic wheat and have the protein tested in each load of wheat that we grow. There are many variables in obtaining high protein wheat such as the variety of wheat grown, growing conditions and the amount of nitrogen in the soil as that is key to getting a good crop of high protein wheat.
 We are also a certified seed dealer and our wheat is tested by State labs for various things including protein levels and we have been fortunate to have good protein levels so far.
 There are other variables as to how your bread will turn out. Every baker treats the handling of the dough differently. People that don't measure the temp. of their liquids when using yeast can easily kill the yeast if the liquids are too warm. If the salt comes in direct contact with the yeast that can also


level of awareness meaning, level of awareness definition | English Cobuild dictionary
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 ( levels plural & 3rd person present) ( levelling present participle) ( levelled past tense & past participle )
in AM, use leveling, leveled
1 n-count A level is a point on a scale, for example a scale of amount, quality, or difficulty.
with supp
If you don't know your cholesterol level, it's a good idea to have it checked..., We do have the lowest level of inflation for some years..., The exercises are marked according to their level of difficulty.
2 n-sing The level of a river, lake, or ocean or the level of liquid in a container is the height of its surface.
the N
The water level of the Mississippi River is already 6.5 feet below normal..., The gauge relies upon a sensor in the tank to relay the fuel level.
 sea level
3 adj In cookery, a level spoonful of a substance such as flour or sugar is an amount that fills the spoon exactly, without going above the top edge.
ADJ n (Antonym: heaped) Stir in 1 level teaspoon of yeast.
4 n-sing If something is at a particular level, it is at that height.
usu supp N
Liz sank down until the water came up to her chin and the bubbles were at eye level.
5 adj If one thing is levelwith another thing, it is at the same height as it.
v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
He leaned over the counter so his face was almost level with the boy's..., Amy knelt down so that their eyes were level.
6 adj When something is level, it is completely flat with no part higher than any other.
The floor was level, but the ceiling sloped toward his head.,...a plateau of fairly level ground.
7 adv If you draw level with someone or something, you get closer to them until you are by their side.
 (mainly BRIT) ADV after v
Just before we drew level with the gates, he slipped out of the jeep and disappeared into the crowd...
 Level is also an adjective., adj v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
He waited until they were level with the door before he turned around sharply and punched Graham.
8 verb If someone or something such as a violent storm levels a building or area of land, they destroy it completely or make it completely flat.
The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It leveled sugar plantations and destroyed homes. V n
9 verb If an accusation or criticism islevelledat someone, they are accused of doing wrong or they are criticized for something they have done.
Allegations of corruption were levelled at him and his family... be V-ed at/against n
He leveled bitter criticism against the US. V n at/against n, Also V n
10 verb If you level an object at someone or something, you lift it and point it in their direction.
He said thousands of Koreans still levelled guns at one another along the demilitarised zone between them. V n at n, Also V n
11 verb If you levelwith someone, you tell them the truth and do not keep anything secret.
INFORMAL I'll level with you. I'm no great detective. I've no training or anything... V with n
 A level
13 If you say that you will do your level best to do something, you are emphasizing that you will try as hard as you can to do it, even if the situation makes it very difficult.
do one's level best phrase V inflects, usu PHR to-inf (emphasis) The President told American troops that he would do his level best to bring them home soon.
 a level playing field
 playing field level off , level out
1 phrasal verb If a changing number or amount levels off or levels out, it stops increasing or decreasing at such a fast speed.
The figures show evidence that murders in the nation's capital are beginning to level off... V P
Inflation is finally levelling out at around 11% a month. V P prep
2 phrasal verb If an aircraft levels off or levels out, it travels horizontally after having been travelling in an upwards or downwards direction.
The aircraft levelled out at about 30,000 feet. V P level out
 level off
A level ( A levels plural ) A levels are British educational qualifications which schoolchildren take when they are seventeen or eighteen years old. People usually need A levels if they want to go to university in Britain. n-var
He left school with four A levels...
1 adj Entry-level is used to describe basic low-cost versions of products such as cars or computers that are suitable for people who have no previous experience or knowledge of them. (BUSINESS) usu ADJ n
Several companies are offering new, entry-level models in hopes of attracting more buyers.
2 adj Entry-level jobs are suitable for people who do not have previous experience or qualifications in a particular area of work. (BUSINESS) usu ADJ n
Many entry-level jobs were filled by school leavers.
ground level
If something is atground level, it is at the same level as the ground, as opposed to being higher up or below the surface. n-uncount oft prep N
The hotel is set on three floors. There's a bar and cafe at ground level..., The remaining block of woodland is cut down to ground level.
level crossing ( level crossings plural ) A level crossing is a place where a railway line crosses a road.
 (BRIT) n-count
in AM, use grade crossing, railroad crossing
If you describe a person as level-headed, you mean that they are calm and sensible even in difficult situations. adj (=sensible)
Simon is level-headed and practical..., His level-headed approach suggests he will do what is necessary.
level pegging , level-pegging
If two opponents in a competition or contest are level pegging, they are equal with each other.
 (BRIT) adj v-link ADJ, oft ADJ with n
An opinion poll published in May showed Mrs Yardley was level-pegging with Mr Simpson.
multi-level marketing
Multi-level marketing is a marketing technique which involves people buying a product, then earning a commission by selling it to their friends. The abbreviation MLM is also used. n-uncount
...multi-level marketing schemes.
sea level , sea-level
Sea level is the average level of the sea with respect to the land. The height of mountains or other areas is calculated in relation to sea level. n-uncount
The stadium was 2275 metres above sea level...
spirit level ( spirit levels plural ), spirit-level A spirit level is a device for testing to see if a surface is level. It consists of a plastic, wood, or metal frame containing a glass tube of liquid with an air bubble in it. n-count
A split-level house or room has part of the ground floor at a different level from another part, usually because the house has been built on ground that slopes. adj usu ADJ n
A top-level discussion or activity is one that involves the people with the greatest amount of power and authority in an organization or country. adj ADJ n
...a top-level meeting of American generals at the Pentagon.
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Collaborative Dictionary English Cobuild
c'est signe de pluie quand les nivelles boivent
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1. a landing pier.
 4. dry dock.
 6. an airplane hangar or repair shed.
 7. Also called scene dock. a place in a theater near the stage or beneath the floor of the stage for the storage of scenery.
verb (used with object)
 2. to place in dry dock, as for repairs, cleaning, or painting.
 3. to join (a space vehicle) with another or with a space station in outer space.
verb (used without object)
 1. to come or go into a dock or dry dock.
 2. (of two space vehicles) to join together in outer space.
 1. the solid or fleshy part of an animal's tail, as distinguished from the hair.
verb (used with object)
 1. to cut off the end of; cut short: to dock a tail.
 2. to cut short the tail of: to dock a horse.
 3. to deduct from the wages of, usually as a punishment: The boss docked him a day's pay.
 4. to deduct from (wages): The boss docked his paycheck $20.
 1. a wharf or pier
 4. short for dry dock
 5. short for scene dock
 6. mainly US and Canadian a platform from which lorries, goods trains, etc, are loaded and unloaded
 2. the part of an animal's tail left after the major part of it has been cut off
verb (tr)
 1. to remove (the tail or part of the tail) of (an animal) by cutting through the boneto dock a tail; to dock a horse
 2. to deduct (an amount) from (a person's wages, pension, etc)they docked a third of his wages
 1. an enclosed space in a court of law where the accused sits or stands during his trial
 2. any of several similar or related plants
"ship's berth," late 15c., from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German docke, perhaps ultimately (via Late Latin *ductia "aqueduct") from Latin ducere "to lead" (see duke (n.)); or possibly from a Scandinavian word for "low ground" (cf. Norwegian dokk "hollow, low ground"). Original sense perhaps "furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank." As a verb from 1510s. Related: Docked; docking.
"where accused stands in court," 1580s, originally rogue's slang, from Flemish dok "pen or cage for animals," origin unknown.
"cut an animal's tail," late 14c., from dok (n.) "fleshy part of an animal's tail" (mid-14c.), related to Old English -docca "muscle," from Proto-Germanic *dokko "something round, bundle" (cf. Old Norse dokka "bundle, girl," Danish dukke "doll," German Docke "small column, bundle, doll, smart girl"). Meaning "to reduce (someone's) pay for some infraction" is first recorded 1822. Related: Docked; docking.
name for various tall, coarse weeds, Old English docce, from Proto-Germanic *dokkon (cf. Middle Dutch docke-, German Docken-, Old Danish dokka), akin to Middle High German tocke "bundle, tuft," and ultimately to the noun source of dock (v.).
see in the dock.
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text:
ABCs of Mathematics
This alphabetical installment of the Baby University series is the perfect introduction for even the youngest mathematicians!
A is for Addition
B is for Base
C is for Chord
From addition to zero, The ABCs of Mathematics is a colorfully simple introduction for babies―and grownups―to a new math concept for every letter of the alphabet. Written by an expert, each page in this mathematical primer features multiple levels of text so the book grows along with your little mathematician.


text:
Interaction élastique dislocation – joints interphases dans des matériaux de structure cubique à faces centrees
MetadataAfficher la notice complète
The majority of materials mechanical properties are due to the crystalline defects interactions, in particular the interaction between dislocations and interfaces. The interaction energy between a dislocation and an interphase boundary is calculated on the basis of the anisotropic linear elasticity. Dislocations in elastic interaction with the interphase boundary are submited to a force called the image force, Fi,which is derived from the elastic interaction energy. The image force by its sign and intensity can predict the dislocation behavior. The elastic interaction energies are calculated for biphase bicrystals CFC materials, Pb, Al, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni, between matrix dislocations having Burgers vector b = a/2, and interphase boundaries (R, ), with R = and is in the range [0 °, 90 °] varying by steps of 10 °. Dislocations are located in the crystal 1 at a distance d from the boundary plane, they are parallel to the boundary plane. The main results are: - For each bicrystals family, the intensity of the image force Fi increases with shear moduli difference. It may be null for some dislocations, in bicrystals having elastic and crystallographic parameters very close. - The dislocation motion under image force effect depends on the value of if: > 1, all dislocations in the softest crystal are repelled far from the interface. <-1, all dislocations in the harder cristal, are attracted to the interface. -1 <1, the located dislocation in the crystal 1 can be attracted, repulsed or don't suffers no image force. The number and the character of dislocations with, Fi = 0, is related to the two crystals nature and disorientation. - The image force Fi is constant for a screw dislocation parallel to the rotation axis. - The isoenergy cards have different symmetries according to the bicristal disorientation. - For each bicrystal family, image force distance effectiveness is related to absolute value of shear moduli difference. - The position of the dislocation and the image forces sense Fi-Sh1 et Fi-Sh2 favoured recombination of partial dislocations or dissociation of the perfect screw dislocation.
- Doctorat (Physique)


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The Giant Huntsman
Winning the title of largest spider by its legs, the Giant Huntsman is twelve inches (30 cm) in diameter, the size of a dinner plate, and was discovered in Laos in 2001. This arachnid does not build a web. Stealthy and quick, it prefers to hunt for its prey and has been seen eating insects and small rodents. Like many cave-dwelling spiders, the Giant Huntsman has a pale body, although its long legs are banded possibly due to its preference for living near the entrance of the caves it inhabits. While its venom is not life-threatening to humans, its bite can cause painful swelling, nausea, vomiting and headaches.
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Photovoltaic solar power generation is proven to be effective and sustainable but is currently hampered by relatively high costs and low conversion efficiency. This paper addresses both issues by presenting a low-cost and efficient temperature distribution analysis for identifying PV module mismatch faults by thermography. Mismatch faults reduce the power output and cause potential damage to PV cells. This paper firstly defines three fault categories in terms of fault levels, which lead to different terminal characteristics of the PV modules. The investigation of three faults is also conducted analytically and experimentally and maintenance suggestions are also provided for different fault types. The proposed methodology is developed to combine the electrical and thermal characteristics of PV cells subjected to different fault mechanisms through simulation and experimental tests. Furthermore, the fault diagnosis method can be incorporated into the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes to shift the operating point of the PV string. The developed technology has improved over the existing ones in locating the faulty cell by a thermal camera, providing a remedial measure and maximizing the power output under faulty conditions.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability|
|Early online date||15 Aug 2014|
|Publication status||Published - 2 Dec 2014|
- fault diagnosis
- photovoltaic power systems


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What should the loader do?
Okay. Here's the easy part. Get out a pen and paper and write down the things that you would like your loader to do and be. Go on. I'll wait.
Done that? Good. Now sort them in order of importance. This is so that you get the most pressing things designed, coded and tested first, leaving the cute bits for a later revision.
Here's my list:
- Be small.
So that we don't wait forever for the preloader to load, requiring its own loader. (Which would then require another preloader for that, and... aargh where are my pills?)
- Display a progress bar to let the user know how the download is going.
This is why we are here. Since Flash MX is a visual tool, let's use it. A progress bar gives the quickest indication of the status of a command.
- Give them details (downloaded amount and the total bytes).
This is good for your more advanced surfers. It lets them guesstimate progress for themselves. As a bonus, newbies can also learn how long things take.
- Provide a loading animation.
Loading animations are especially good for long tasks like loading large files because they let the user know that something is happening and their computer hasn't crashed.
- Be easy to reuse in several SFW files.
We don't want all our good efforts to be wasted, do we?
- Stops the file from playing until the content is loaded.
Let's try to make the loader do all the work for us.
- Be quick to add to a file.
Because I'm busy.
- Be simple to add to a file.
Because I forget stuff.
- Not have to be downloaded every time.
So that we don't clog our bandwidth with loaders!
- Detects if a file has already been loaded.
Giving us a chance to take action if this is the case.
- Gives an estimated time to completion.
Another method of giving the progress. Use it depending on the target audience. In my humble opinion this is not as reliable as bytes downloaded, progress bars or percent downloaded because it may be affected by other bandwidth hogs that may be on the machine. If your loader estimates that the file will be down in 2 minutes, but actually takes 4 minutes because email starts downloading as well, then the user's expectations of 2 minutes aren't met. They get grumpy and start looking for other faults.
- Waits for a certain percentage to load before playing.
This lets us download an appropriate amount of content before playing the file, giving us a capacity to stream our content (playing the file before all of it is loaded one of the best features of Flash MX).
- Plays a quick animation even if the file has already been loaded.
This will give a consistent feel to loading content. Why do some things have loaders while others don't? Users have expectations of interacting with software. If users see a loader the first time, then they should see it every time. (Just make it quick so that it doesn't irritate them.)
- Be easy to change the loading animation.
So that we can change the feel of a loader for a new situation, client, or project. If it is hard, we will probably try to not do it.
The requirements for a particular loader that you build will have differing priorities depending on client, anticipated user groups, style, and budget. But this list should give you a feel for what we are going to do.
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|Tim is a co-director of the Glasson Murray Group, providing quality graphic design, illustration, 3D visualisation, interactive environments, virtual reality, multimedia and website services.|
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Definition of across preposition from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1from one side to the other side of something He walked across the field. I drew a line across the page. A grin spread across her face. Where's the nearest bridge across the river?
 2. 2on the other side of something There's a bank right across the street.
 3. 3 on or over a part of the body He hit him across the face. It's too tight across the back.
 4. 4in every part of a place, group of people, etc. synonym throughout Her family is scattered across the country. This view is common across all sections of the community.
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: across


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Now that you are ordered to have an ignition interlock system installed in your car, you have the option of selecting the ignition interlock device you wish from the providers in your area. Although this is initially an added burden to you, the good news is that the impact to your time and schedule will be minimal. You can also rest assured of the reliability of the ignition interlock device you choose. Ignition interlock technology and the systems that bring the technology to us have very little trouble. In fact, this article focuses on the common issues that come up when using the ignition interlock device that require user awareness and understanding.
Today's ignition interlock systems include devices that are designed to give you the most benefits and the least problems. For example, the device itself has a very small footprint and the breath sampling part of the ignition interlock system is conveniently placed within the comfort of your driving area.
Understand that you might have been told half-truths and misinformation from others around you that perhaps used an ignition interlock system many years ago. Rest assured that we have the most up-to-date factual information to set you straight about today's ignition interlock systems and devices.
Let's talk a look at some commonly perceived troubleshooting issues that are really user issues. Reviewing this information will put you ahead of the curve to knowing what to expect and what not to do to keep your ignition interlock device running flawlessly.
Many of us consume foods that contain alcohol, even if in small doses. Some of the foods we eat contain sugar that is converted to alcohol quickly when ingested. Surely you can cause the ignition interlock system to send a fail signal to the ignition interlock device. Therefore, when it comes to the following foods, use the best practices tip below to avoid false positives that cause you to fail a breath test:
- Dentyne or other spicy gums
- Cinnamon rolls or donuts
Best practices: 1. Avoid these 2. Rinse mouth with water 3. Wait 3 to 5 minutes before attempting an engine start or rolling retest
High concentrations of alcohol also exist in conventional mouthwash or mouth spray. Without taking any precautions, you will fail a breath test. As a reminder to the instruction you have or will likely receive upon signing on to ignition interlock program, remember to rinse your mouth with water prior to taking a breath test to minimize your chance of failing the test. Additional best practices are:
- Switch to low or non-alcoholic oral hygiene rinse liquids and sprays 2. Wait 15 minutes after mouth washing to allow the alcohol content to subside
Another form of ignition interlock device troubleshooting can arise when your breathing pattern is different from what the ignition interlock system and device expect. A different breathing pattern will cause a failed breath test. To avoid this use the following best practices.
1. Avoid attempts to start your car immediately after exercising
2. Remember to breath normally in the way you were instructed and 'trained' the ignition interlock device to recognize your exhale pattern
3. Respond to any voice tones in the way you were instructed by your system technician at installation of your ignition interlock device
4. Remember to exhale to the breath sampler component face on and not from any angle.
Your use of the ignition interlock device includes required monthly appointments to visit your service provider for data extraction and calibration. These visits are paramount to further reduce any troubleshooting potential with the ignition interlock system or device. Should you feel you have followed all of the best practices while still receiving breath test failures, contact your ignition interlock device service provider. Sometimes, you may have to make an appointment outside of regularly scheduled visits to take a look at the ignition interlock system and device to definitively rule out any trouble.


Why is Brazil a useful model in demographics?
Brazil's transition from the demographic transition model's stage 3 to stage 4 was fast paced and lacked government intervention.
By Pete Bailey
This post was originally published on the PopEd blog, see the original post here>>
Over the past fifty years, Brazil has seen fertility rates drop from an average of six children/woman to less than two according to data from the World Bank. This is a more rapid decrease in total fertility rate than any other country in Latin America during that time. Brazil is currently in stage 4 of the demographic transition model (DTM) along with Argentina, the United States and much of Europe, however the country stands out due to the fast pace and lack of government intervention during its transition.
In this post we'll explore how high rates of urbanization, higher education levels for women, and access to affordable contraception have decreased Brazil's fertility rate and pushed it from the DTM's stage 3 into DTM stage 4.
Economic Factors
Brazil's economy began to take off in the late 20th century. The abundance of natural resources, mostly comprising of mineral deposits, led to increased industrialization over the past fifty years. Brazil is now the second largest economy in the Americas behind the United States, largely due to its industry sector. As Brazil's economy moved from agriculture to industry, internal migration to urban areas increased rapidly. Brazil's urbanization rose at an astounding rate of 4.5% annually between 1940 and 1970. Most of the migration to urban areas derived from the rural poor seeking employment and better pay outside of agrarian lifestyles. Brazil is now home to two of the largest megacities in the world – Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo with populations of 13.3 million and 21.7 million respectively.
As people moved into Brazil's cities, the cost of living soared. This larger urban population resulted in an increased demand for land and housing. As such, Brazilians in urban areas paid much higher costs for the same amount of square footage of that in rural areas. Couple the increased cost of housing with higher price tags on most other day-to-day necessities when purchased in cities, and many families decided to have fewer children. These individual decisions, when multiplied across the region, resulted in a lower population over time – a pattern often seen during urbanization.
Sao Paulo Brazil at night
Sao Paulo by LWYang, CC BY 2.0
Women's Education and Employment
Brazil saw a dramatic shift in the role women play in society during the latter part of the 20th century. As societal norms changed, more women had access to higher education. This, combined with the burgeoning economy, led to an increase of women entering the workforce. Today, Brazilian women have a higher literacy rate (92.3%) than men (91.7%) and over 54% of the workforce is female. Women's access to education is one of the largest factors in lowering the fertility rate. Brazil is an important model in women's education, showing that improved access to schooling leads to more employment opportunities, a higher standard of living, and a natural reduction in overall population.
Social Factors
Brazilian telenovela Malhação promotional poster
Malhação poster (imdb.com)
Despite the strong Catholic influence in Brazil that might suggest otherwise, 79.4% of sexually active women use some form of modern contraception. Birth control pills, condoms, and other contraceptives are widely available and allow women more autonomy in their family planning decisions – they can better control the number of children they have and when they have them.
Another notable social factor that has led to a lower fertility rate is the influence of soap operas. Brazil's popular telenovelas often feature wealthy women living lives of luxury in large cities with small families. These types of characters demonstrate Brazil's cultural transformation over the past few decades, and promote this attractive lifestyle to millions of families across the country. According to a report prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank, fertility rates fell more quickly in areas receiving the TV Globo signal, resulting in 0.6% fewer children than areas that did not receive a signal.
Lack of Government Intervention
Brazil is not the only country that follows the traditional progression through the DTM, but it is a unique model because of how quickly, and naturally, the demographics shifted. The decrease in fertility rate is not a result of government intervention, but an effect of higher education levels for women, increased rates of urbanization, and access to affordable contraception.
The author – Pete Bailey – is the Professional Development Coordinator of Population Education, the education program focused on human population growth.
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One thought on "Why is Brazil a useful model in demographics?
 1. I study demographic processes and trends in different countries of the world. Thank you, your article is very professional and interesting. Great job!
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Setting the Title of the Command Prompt Window
I was wondering how you change the title of the Command Prompt window. A little searching found that Scott Hanselman had answered this question here. All you have to do is type:
and press Enter to change the title of your Command Prompt window. It should look like the following:
Command Prompt
Note that if you are running Console2 to host your command prompt window, it works just fine.
Finally, if you want to do the same thing in PowerShell, just execute the following command:
Note that you have to have the quotes around the text to which the title should be set; they may be single or double quotes.
PowerShell Prompt
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Amorphous Pr 0.7Ca 0.3MnO3 (APCMO) films grown on a Pt electrode under an oxygen pressure(OP) of 5 mTorr showed a dense microstructure with a smooth surface but bipolar switching behavior was not observed in this film. Porosity and surface roughness increased with increasing OP and a typical bipolar switching behavior was observed in the APCMO films grown under 100 and 200 mTorr OP. The resistance of these APCMO films decreased with increasing device area in both lowand high-resistance states. Space-charge-limited current and Schottky emission were used to explain the leakage current mechanism of the Ti/APCMO/Pt device in lowand high-resistance states, respectively.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials


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Nazis Tried To Train Dogs To Read, Write, And Speak, New Jan Bondeson Book Says
First Posted: 05/25/2011 5:31 pm Updated: 04/17/2012 11:32 am
Hitler may be on the short list of despicable dictators most undeserving of a dog's unconditional love, but that didn't stop him from trying to talk them.
According to a new book titled "Amazing Dogs: A Cabinet of Canine Curiosities," Nazi specialists attempted -- apparently with some success -- to train a fleet of "intelligent" dogs to read, write and speak.
"The Nazis were sentimental enthusiasts who were really fond of animals and liked the idea that dogs were intelligent and could communicate with people," Bondeson told AOL Weird news.
According to Bondeson, Hitler and the Germans seem to have had hopes that the superior dogs would eventually communicate with their SS masters and act as the ultimate guard dogs.
Considering their record on human rights, the Nazi's actually had notoriously strong feelings about animal rights.
Hitler was widely recognized as a dog lover and owned two German Shepherds, named Blondi and Bella. The dictator famously killed Blondi before taking his own life in 1945.
Bondeson says that some Nazis even wrote letters to local authorities about the pets that were being left behind when the military began forcing Jews into concentration camps.
"When the Jews were deported from certain German cities, nobody bothered about them, they said 'good riddance,'" Bondeson explains. "But as for their pets, people thought, 'Well, they can't bring those with them to the concentration camps, surely we must do something.'"
"It's a completely forgotten aspect: A good Nazi was a friend to animals."


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Norwich OA are working with primary and secondary schools in Norwich to support pupils and their parents to engage with remote learning at home.
A Remote Learning Coach aims to work with pupils and parents identified by their school who aren't used to using IT at home and would benefit from support.
The role aims to:
- Support pupils and their parents to engage confidently with remote learning at home.
- Act as Coach to encourage progress, participation and engagement with home learning for identified students during periods of remote learning.
- Encourage, support and upskill pupils and their family to use IT effectively at home to access support, advice and opportunities.
Information for schools
Funding for a Remote Learning Coach is offered to NOA primary and secondary schools with the highest levels of disadvantaged students. Based on the most recent LA data, eligible schools invited to participate are:
- City Academy Norwich
- Sewell Park Academy
- The Hewett Academy
- Open Academy
- Norwich Primary Academy
- Valley Primary Academy
- West Earlham Junior School & West Earlham Infant & Nursery School
- Bluebell Primary School
- Edith Cavell Academy & Nursery
- Henderson Green Primary Academy
- Wensum Junior Academy
- Nelson Infant School
- Mile Cross Primary School
- Tuckswood Academy & Nursery
- Lionwood Junior School
- St Michael's Junior School
- Catton Grove Primary School
- George White Junior School
- Clover Hill Infant & Nursery School
- Lakenham Primary School
- Short Stay School for Norfolk
- The Wherry School
- The Clare School
- Parkside School
- Eaton Hall Special Academy
- Harford Manor School
Next steps for interested schools …
Norwich OA have collected expressions of interest from individuals with relevant experience who are available to work immediately. Schools will need to employ the Coach directly and NOA will cover costs.
Contact Claire Sparrow via email to request participation in the project and access details about the potential Coaches: _EMAIL_
Information for Remote Learning Coaches


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What is Twice a Stranger?
'Twice a Stranger' is a cross media project about the greatest forced migrations of the 20th century, when millions of people were uprooted and moved to new homelands.
Based on oral video testimonies, rare film archives and photos this project brings visitors face-to-face with the survivors of these traumatic events. From the Greek-Turkish exchange in 1922-24, 'Twice a Stranger' travels to the German-Polish forced migration at the end of WW II, to the Partition of India, and to the Cyprus crisis' in the 1960's and 70's.
'Twice a Stranger' is distributed online and via a multi-media exhibition, hosted at the Benaki Museum in Athens, the Leventis Municipal Museum in Nicosia and the Istanbul Bilgi University.
The project is accompanied by educational programmes, storytelling sessions, documentary screenings, a children's book, culinary nights, music events, community and outreach events.
See our CALENDAR for a detailed list of scheduled events.
"Twice a Stranger" is funded with the support of the European Commission (Culture Programme). It is created by Anemon, co-organised by the University of Oxford (Refugee Studies Centre), the Benaki Museum, the Leventis Municipal Museum, the Istanbul Bilgi University and Tolle Idee!, in partnership with ERT, the A.G.Leventis Foundation, the Goethe-Institut, the British Council, the Megaron Athens Concert Hall, the Greek Council for Refugees and the Centre for Asia Minor Studies.


Yemen: Homeless families in Taiz
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Many of the displaced people in the city of Taiz western Yemen, are recently homeless in bitter situations, as a result of the destruction of their homes by the ongoing civil war in Yemen in the absence of appeals to claim securing housing for them.
During the recent times a lot of displaced families started to take the streets of Taiz western Yemen as homes for them after the destruction of their homes due to the ongoing civil war in the country.
In this corner of Jamal street in Taiz governorate, western Yemen, Um Riham lives with her two daughters on cartons, so the street tells a story of the homelessness in Taiz by asking people about their daily bread, and their two daughters.
Many of the displaced heade to build a cattege of cartons and cloth to shield them from the summer's heat and the winter's cold, hoping to stabilize their lives.
It is worth to mention that the civil war in Yemen has caused the displacement of hundreds of families as a result of the destruction of homes and buildings.
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PedobarographyAt CuraFoot Clinic our experts measure foot pressure and how it is distributed across the bottom of the foot. This allows us to identify appropriate solutions for foot dysfunction.
Devices fall into two main categories: (i) floor-based, and (ii) in-shoe. The underlying technology is diverse, ranging from piezoelectric sensor arrays to light refraction, but the ultimate form of the data generated by all modern technologies is either a 2D image or a 2D image time series of the pressures acting under the plantar surface of the foot.
Pedobarography is also used in a variety of other clinical situations including: diabetic foot, post-surgery biomechanical assessment and orthotics design. In addition to clinical applications, Pedobarography continues to be used in the laboratory to understand the mechanisms governing human gait and posture.


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(AP) -- Archaeologists digging on Jerusalem's Mount of Olives have discovered a nearly 3,000-year-old jar handle bearing ancient Hebrew script, a find significantly older than most inscribed artifacts unearthed in the ancient city, an archaeologist said. The Iron Age handle is inscribed with the Hebrew name Menachem, which was the name of an Israelite king and is still common among Jews.
The inscription also includes a partly intact letter, the Hebrew character "lamed," meaning "to." That suggests the jar was a gift to someone named Menachem, said Ron Beeri, who directed the excavation for the Israel Antiquities Authority. There is no indication the inscription refers to the king himself.
The name and similar variants have been found on Egyptian pottery dating back 3,500 years, and the Bible lists Menachem Ben Gadi as an ancient king of Israel. But this is the first time an artifact bearing the name has been unearthed in Jerusalem, Beeri said.
"It's important because it shows that they actually used the name Menachem during that period," Beeri said. "It's not just from the Bible, but it's also in the archaeological record."
Based on the style of the inscription, he dated the handle to around 900 B.C., the time of the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem as recounted in the Bible.
The vessel the handle was attached to did not survive, so it is impossible to tell what it was used for, Beeri said. Similar vessels were known to have held products like oil or wheat.
Construction workers uncovered the archaeological site while digging the foundation for a girl's school being built in the area, Beeri said.
Excavators also uncovered storage vessels and implements from two earlier nomadic settlements, both dating to around 2,000 B.C., he said, as well as artifacts dating from the time of the Roman Empire around 2,000 years ago.
Archaeologists have completed their dig, and construction workers building the school are back on the job, Beeri said.
The Mount of Olives is just outside Jerusalem's Old City. The hill is important to Jews because of its proximity to the destroyed Temple and to Christians, who believe it is the site where Jesus ascended to heaven.
©2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Explore further: Submerged structure stumps Israeli archaeologists


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The developmental trajectories of behavioral control and resiliency from early childhood to adolescence and their effects on early onset of substance use were examined. Behavioral control is the tendency to express or contain one's impulses and behaviors. Resiliency is the ability to adapt flexibly one's characteristic level of control in response to the environment. Study participants were 514 children of alcoholics and matched controls from a longitudinal community sample (Time 1 age in years: M = 4.32, SD = 0.89). Children with slower rates of increase in behavioral control were more likely to use alcohol and other drugs in adolescence. Children with higher initial levels of resiliency were less likely to begin using alcohol.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Developmental and Educational Psychology


Swastika and other symbols found drawn in snow on truck and in an alley in South Milwaukee
Erik S. Hanley
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Police car
SOUTH MILWAUKEE - A Nazi swastika was found drawn in the snow on the back window of a truck and in an alley just east of the victim's driveway, Dec. 9.
According to the South Milwaukee Police log, the truck owner called the police to report the symbol, along with other unintelligible symbols, drawn into the snow in the alley in the 400 block of Marshall Avenue.
Footprints were melting in the snow as police attempted to follow where the creator of the symbols went — east toward 4th Avenue was the best assessment according to the log. Police checked nearby streets, but didn't find any other footprints matching the ones near the symbols.
The report stated it's unknown what the true intent was for the creation of the symbols. However, the responding officer didn't believe the creator was attempting to intimidate or scare anyone. It states if that was the case the symbols would have likely been drawn in a more permanent medium — such as scratched into paint or painted on something.
Additionally, the report cites local schools recently went over World War II history the past week due to the anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The report states it's possible a student found the symbols "intriguing" and not knowing the full meaning, drew them in the snow.
The symbols have since melted away.


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Peter Jonsson, Christer Bäckström
One of the most widespread approaches to reactive planning is Schoppers' universal plans. We propose a stricter definition of universal plans which guarantees a weak notion of soundness not present in the original definition. Furthermore, we isolate three different types of completeness which capture different behaviours exhibited by universal plans. We show that universal plans which run in polynomial time and are of polynomial size cannot satisfy even the weakest type of completeness unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. However, by relaxing either the polynomial time or the polynomial space requirement, the construction of universal plans satisfying the strongest type of completeness becomes trivial.


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DEBORAH GOUGH writes in the Age:
SCORES of starving and pain-ridden kangaroos have been culled after developing tooth and bone deformities from breathing and ingesting fluoride emissions. Many more are believed to be suffering from growths that will kill them.
The affected kangaroos are living near the Alcoa aluminium smelter in Portland, in the state's south-west, and the Austral Bricks factory at Craigieburn.
Autopsies performed at Melbourne University on 49 kangaroos culled at Alcoa on a single day last year found all but one were suffering from flurosis, which leads to excessive bone growths, or lesions, on joints in the paws, ankles and calves.
It can also cause tooth and jaw deformities that hinder eating and foraging. The Sunday Age has been told more than 200 ill kangaroos living near both affected sites have been culled in recent years, but this figure could not be confirmed.
Read More in the Age


Last name origins & meanings:
 2. German: habitational name from Loy in Oldenburg.
 3. Dutch: variant of Lowy.
 4. Italian (Sardinian): from the personal name Loi, a short form of Balloi, a pet form of Salvatóre.
 5. Spanish and Italian: possibly from a reduced form of the personal name Eloy (see 1 above), of which the Italian form is Eligio.
 6. French (Picardy): nickname for someone who was quick to have recourse to the law: a frequent or vexatious litigant, or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a lawyer.
This name appears in the following lists: Silver Screen
Comments for Loy
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Find out what is happening in each day of your pregnancy!
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By Diana O. Perkins, Clark D. Jeffries, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Scott W. Woods, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Tyrone D. Cannon, Robert Heinssen, Daniel H. Mathalon, Larry J. Seidman, Ming T. Tsuang, Elaine F. Walker, and Thomas H. McGlashan | Schizophrenia Research | October 2, 2015
Improving predictive accuracy is of paramount importance for early detection and prevention of psychosis. We sought a symptom severity classifier that would improve psychosis risk prediction.
Subjects were from two cohorts of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. All subjects met Criteria of Psychosis-Risk States. In Cohort-1 (n = 296) we developed a classifier that included those items of the Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms that best distinguished subjects who converted to psychosis from nonconverters, with performance initially validated by randomization tests in Cohort-1. Cohort-2 (n = 592) served as an independent test set.
We derived 2-Item and 4-Item subscales. Both included unusual thought content and suspiciousness; the latter added reduced ideational richness and difficulties with focus/concentration. The Concordance Index (C-Index), a measure of discrimination, was similar for each subscale across cohorts (4-Item subscale Cohort-2: 0.71, 95% CI = [0.64, 0.77], Cohort-1: 0.74, 95% CI = [0.69, 0.80]; 2-Item subscale Cohort-2: 0.68, 95% CI = [0.3, 0.76], Cohort-1: 0.72, 95% CI = [0.66–0.79]). The 4-Item performed better than the 2-Item subscale in 742/1000 random selections of 80% subsets of Cohort-2 subjects (p-value = 1.3E−55). Subscale calibration between cohorts was proportional (higher scores/lower survival), but absolute conversion risk predicted from Cohort-1 was higher than that observed in Cohort-2, reflecting the cohorts' differences in 2-year conversion rates (Cohort-2: 0.16, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.19]; Cohort-1: 0.30, 95% CI = [0.24, 0.36]).
Severity of unusual thought content, suspiciousness, reduced ideational richness, and difficulty with focus/concentration informed psychosis risk prediction. Scales based on these symptoms may have utility in research and, assuming further validation, eventual clinical applications.