text:
Imagine inhaling all the dust and debris from your horse arena as you and your horse work hard in the horse arena. On average, a resting horse inhales 150 liters of air per minute. Add in strenuous exercise and your horse could realistically suck in 10 times that volume of arena dust. If your horse is older or has a history of respiratory infections or heaves, he could be even more susceptible to airway problems when breathing in airborne arena dust and dirt.
Arena dust is bad. But, maybe you feel a little helpless to control the micro-climate that is your own personal arena dust storm. How exactly can you keep all that arena dust and dirt from rising? Here are some ideas to help you control arena dust, from economical strategies to more expensive ones:
Dust to Dust
It's possible your arena is actually a flat spot in your pasture, or that your arena footing is made up of the existing soil or sod. Not a bad place to start in terms of dust control. If you have plans for adding footing, either all at once or over time, you're a step ahead in terms of choosing a low-dust footing, rather than dealing with a dusty footing already in place. If you're dealing with existing dusty footing, you have choices to help that situation, too.
Before you can start to control dust, you have to understand where it comes from. Basically, dust is made up of small particles that float or fly through the air, because they aren't heavy enough to stay grounded.
Sand is a traditional footing in many regions, especially since it's usually a naturally abundant product. However, depending on where you live, the word "sand" can mean different things. For example, sand derived from the beach is very different in texture and content than glacial sand. What's contained in that sand also plays a role in how much dust a footing will produce.
Wayne Gregory, general manager of Footing Unlimited in Chicago, points to four causes of dust:
1. Footing containing lightweight particles, such as unwashed sand that contains bits of clay, silt or broken-down organic (naturally occurring) materials. "Imagine the particles of sand are the size of a basketball," says Gregory. "In comparison, particles of clay are the size of a pinhead." So, the small bits float into the air, causing dust.
2. Sand pulverized by use. Over time, the weight and concussion of the horse's hooves on the sand will break individual grains into smaller particles, which then become dust. 3. The arena base, usually made of clay or stone dust, begins to rise through the footing, becoming dust.
4. Manure, a fragile organic material left in the arena, gets broken down into small particles that easily go airborne. To protect you and your horse, keep a manure fork and wheelbarrow close by, and scoop any poop left in the arena after your ride. Then roll it off to your compost bin.
Based on what makes up dust, the basic way we control it is by adding weight to small particles, which then keeps them from floating into the air.


text:
Burnout - Prevention and Recovery
Physiotherapy, movement, massage, intuitive eating
For employees that are experiencing burnout or pre-burnout symptoms, we provide personalised support through body work to increase resilience. To ensure success, these interventions last a minimum of three months.
First, we conduct a thorough intake assessment, which includes:
- Pain, injury and other stress-related physical complaints
- Movement and training assessment
- Self-care and resilience assessment, including nutrition and relaxation.
Personal Treatment Plan
- Physiotherapy treatments to address stress-related pain and tension.
- Personalised training and movement therapy to increase physical and mental resilience.
- A combination of massage and/or acupuncture to decrease stress and promote relaxation.
- Intuitive eating and gentle nutrition sessions to build an approach to food that supports physical and mental health.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Language of Color
Sun, Aug 1, 2010 ~ Wed, Jul 31, 2013Times:
Open Daily, 9:00am - 5:00pm, Extended hours 4th Wednesdays Summer 2011Description:
Whether it's the brilliant blue wings of a butterfly, the scarlet feathers of a tanager, or the stripes of a zebra, animals display color in vastly different ways and for different reasons. Combining dramatic specimens with video presentations, computer interactives, hands-on activities, and a stunning display of live dart frogs, The Language of Color will help visitors understand the nature of color and pattern, how different animals "see" it, and how animal color and its perception have co-evolved to produce the complex and diverse palette of colors we see in the world today. The exhibit features a wide array of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, and insect specimens that illustrate colors used to camouflage, startle predators, mimic other animals, attract a mate, or intimidate a rival.
Harvard Museum of Natural History
26 Oxford St.
7-8 Min Walk From Harvard Square
Cambridge, MA 02138Event Website
Contact Phone: _PHONE_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Tool Care Tips
Handle Replacement. Remember, you can replace the handles on most tools.Think about repair before replacement.
Label Your Tools. Think about marking your tools with your name, especially if you loan tools, or work in a common area. Use a bright color so you'll see them lying in the grass when you quit for the day!
Hats and Gloves too! Don't forget the most important "tools" you bring with yourself;; remember to use a good hat, some sunscreen, sturdy shoes, and a pair of gloves!
Clean and Sharpen your Tools
Clean your tools after using them; shovels, forks, hoes, pruners, saws, everything. Doing it manually (with gloves) usually works, but you can use a bristle brush, a garden hose, a putty knife; whatever works.
View our video on How to Clean and Sharpen Pruning Tools.
Metal Cleaning Tips:
- Don't store your tools when they're wet! Always let them dry. Use the sun, a towel or rag.
- For rusted metal: remove the rust with a wire brush before coating with oil. If the rust is heavy, soaking it in white vinegar can help as a start, use steel wool, the finer the grade the better.
- Remember that fertilizer or other chemicals are especially corrosive, making it more important to clean.
- Cover steel surfaces with a light coat of oil before putting tools away. An ideal way to do this is to use a rag soaked with motor oil. A tip: fill a five gallon bucket with sand, pour in some used motor oil, and then dip your tools in it after using them. The sand will wipe off small particles of dirt, and the tool will get a coating of oil at the same time.
Handle Cleaning Tips:
For wood handles, clean them, then check for splinters or cracks. Splinters can be sanded down, cracks call for a replacement handle. Occasionally coat the handle with linseed oil, applying several coats until the wood no longer absorbs the oil. You'll be left with a shiny surface more resistant to dents.
For fiberglass or plastic: clean them with a rag and check for damage.
Hand Tool Cleaning:
Trickier because of the moving parts, remove all dirt and moisture. A tip: use a bathroom foaming cleanser and wipe with a rag, then use household oil or a greaseless lubricant for the pivot point. While not as good, WD-40 is all right if that's all you have, but it leaves a sticky residue that attracts dirt.
Keep your tool blades sharp to reduce stress on the tool—and you! Remember, a badly sharpened tool will work better than a dull one.
- If you aren't comfortable doing your own sharpening, if your tools are very dull, or nicked, or if the tool is very expensive... it may be better to have a professional do it.
- Pruners may need to be disassembled first. Use any commercial tool to sharpen blades: carbide, stone, or ceramic. A pocket sharpener is easiest for small tools, a bench stone or grinder may be useful for larger ones.
- Only sharpen the beveled edge, maintain the original bevel angle as much as possible. Don't thin the blade so much that you risk bending the blade when you cut.
- A tip: use a marker to color the bevel and then sharpen until all the color is evenly removed.
- It isn't necessary to keep the blade of a shovel sharp, just remove any metal that folds back on itself. Using a flat edged file will work most of the time, or a coarse sharpening stone. It's handy to have a vise to hold the tool as you file.
Sterilizing Tools During Pruning
- How disinfectants compare in preventing transmission of fire blight, California Agriculture 45(4):21-23. Published July 01, 1991
- Sterilized Pruning Tools: Nuisance or Necessity? Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott, WSU Puyallup Research and Extension Center


text:
Live Longer, Work Longer | Purchase the report
Statistics on average effective age and official age of retirement in OECD countries
One indicator of retirement behaviour that abstracts from more general factors
affecting the level of participation rates is the average effective age at which older workers withdraw from the labour force – for the sake of brevity, this will be referred to as the effective age of retirement. In most countries, the effective age of retirement is well below the official age for receiving a full old-age pension. Japan and Korea are notable exceptions where the effective age of retirement is close to 70 for men despite an official retirement age of 60. In other countries, men on average are still in the workforce at age 65 in Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Portugal and Switzerland, but have left work by their 60th birthday in Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Luxembourg and the Slovak Republic. Women, in general, retire around one to two years earlier than men.
In almost all OECD countries, the effective retirement age has declined substantially since 1970. But the trend decline has been interrupted recently. Over the past decade, most countries have either experienced a flattening out of the trend or a small upturn. But apart from Japan and Korea, the effective retirement age remains well below the levels of the 1960s and 1970s. These changes over time in the effective retirement age have mostly occurred in parallel fashion for both men and women, despite the trend increase in female participation rates.
Ageing and Employment Policies Project
Pensions at a Glance 2009: Retirement-Income Systems in OECD Countries


text: The first place to visit along this tour of western Virginia and West Virginia is the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Museum. The famous writer was the first woman to win both the Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes in literature. See Droop Mountain Battlefield, the site of the largest Civil War battle (November, 1963). Next, travel to the Monongahela National Forest and visit Cranberry Glades, a botanical area home to plants that typically grow only in the Canadian tundra. Continue north to Charleston and tour the state capitol building. The capitol boasts a 300-foot-high dome and is made of steel and smooth limestone. The building was designed by the architect of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Supreme Court buildings, Cass Gilbert.


text:
While ginseng can legally be harvested from the national forests, there are several restrictions. The roots can only be dug at certain times of year, there's a limit on how many you can take, and only larger roots can be taken. Ginseng diggers must also have a permit.
So far this year, Forest Service officials caught and arrested nine people for illegally possessing ginseng. The average ginseng poacher was caught with 25 roots and ultimately spent about two weeks in jail. This year, the forest has seen a sharp increase in violations issued to plant poachers over previous years.
Conservationists, botanists and others are concerned about the decline of ginseng populations, and poaching may eventually cause harvests to be restricted.
Ginseng root has been favored as a tonic with exports to East Asia for the past two-and-a-half centuries. In North Carolina, the plant primarily occurs in the mountains. The Forest Service continues to monitor the harvest in the national forests in North Carolina to ensure the future viability of the plant.
Removing any plant or its parts from national forest land without a permit or outside of the legal harvest season is considered theft. Every national forest plant is public property, which means plant thieves are robbing all citizens of a resource that is collectively owned. Penalties for plant poaching may include a fine up to $5,000 or six-month sentence in federal prison, or both.
"Unfortunately, not everyone respects the rules, and there are times when we need to take action. In recent years, the punishment for ginseng poaching has included up to 30 days in jail for a first-time, misdemeanor offense in some Western North Carolina cases," said Bail. "Poachers need to understand that the federal courts are taking plant theft, as well as wildlife poaching, very seriously and that the penalties for such acts may be harsh."
Visitors to the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests must obtain a permit to collect ginseng during the designated harvest season, which runs Sept. 1 through 30. Ginseng permits cost $40 per wet pound. An individual may purchase up to three wet pounds annually although harvest is prohibited in Wilderness and Natural Areas.


: Chlorinated wastewater and industrial effluents normally contain only combined chlorine.
What is total Chlorine and how is it measured?
Total Chlorine is free Chlorine plus combined Chlorine. It can be measured by DPD4.
I am using a CLE Chlorine sensor in my system. My solution contains a surfactant and my chlorine reading drifts slowly downward.
The surfactant may clog the sensor membrane. This electrode was designed for swimming pools and water of similar quality.
Can I use the CLE Chlorine sensor in Deionized water?
No, the electrolyte will be diluted by diffusion and because the sensor is Amperometric, it needs some conductivity to function.
Can I use the CLE sensor in water with a high turbidity level?
No, the recommended range of the sensor is 100 to 300 mg of hardness. Reduce the turbidity by filtering and then run the test samples. The sensor membrane can be clogged by a highly turbid sample.


Testing methods to enhance longevity awareness
March 2021
Retirees need to have some idea of how long they will survive to make informed decisions about drawing down retirement savings, claiming Social Security and pension benefits, and purchasing annuities. This is not a trivial task for many people due to low financial literacy, cognitive shortcomings, and behavioral biases. This paper seeks to understand how individuals estimate and then use subjective survival probabilities when making long-term financial decisions.
Key Insights
Providing longevity-risk information impacts people's subjective survival probabilities, while simply describing average life expectancy does not.
Providing information on life expectancy or longevity significantly affects people's annuitization decisions.
Merely prompting people to think about financial decisions changes their perceptions of subjective survival probabilities.
To evaluate ways to enhance awareness of longevity risk while controlling for all other related variables, the authors developed, fielded, and analyzed a nationally representative online survey of Americans using the Prolific "crowd-working" platform.


text:
When Devil's Throat (see current photos below) was first explored in 1923, the modern paved Chain of Craters Road did not exist. Instead of an easy five-minute walk from the road to the pit crater that exists today, early explorers had to walk 5 km through a "jungle of ferns and trees" along a narrow, winding trail from the summit caldera to the crater. In 1923 the opening of Devil's Throat was only 10 m across, and the floor was hardly visible. The first descent into the crater was undertaken by an exploration party led by C. W. Scribner. On 25 June, 11 people and "a balky mule and a dependable horse" departed Kilauea's summit to explore the crater. Scribner's account of the trip is summarized in a pamphlet written in 1932 by Park Naturalist John Doerr.
"Arriving at the Devil's Throat at noon we began cutting 'Ohi'a trees
which were used in building a shear legs or A-frame. This frame with a block
attached to the top was leaned out over the pit and fastened in position by guy
ropes attached to nearby trees and boulders. We made a boatswain's chair to
which a single block was attached, passing our long line from the shear legs
through the block on the chair. The end of the rope was then fastened to a clump
of 'Ohi'a trees situated directly opposite the A-frame. A quantity of burlap
sacking was used to prevent chafing of the rope where it went over the edge of
"In order to test the strength of our equipment several bags of sand were lowered into the pit. Hauling up the sand bags was accomplished by taking a turn of the rope around the pommel of the saddle on the horse. Hauling up the bags was a simple matter; however, during this process the horse stumbled. We decided to dispense with his services when pulling up a person for fear that he might stumble again or balk. While making preparations several people expressed opinions concerning probably gases at the bottom of the pit. To test the air a lighted lantern was lowered to the bottom. Leaning over the pit we watched the lantern burn for twenty minutes during which time there was no indication of foul air."
"Everything was ready for Sinclair's descent into the Devil's Throat. He got into the boatswain's chair at the edge of the pit. We let him done the sag in the line across the pit by means of a light rope until he hung in the middle of the opening. We let him down slowly. The spread of the double line was sufficient to prevent any spinning."
"After what seemed to be a much longer time than it actually was, we felt a slack in the rope; those of us on the end of the rope knew he was safely on the bottom. We learned later that Sinclair was standing on the top of a cone-shaped pile of rocks thirty-five to forty feet high. Owing to the large size of the boulders it took Sinclair nearly twenty minutes to get from one side of the pit to the other. We were obliged to direct him from right to left to keep him on a straight line as it was difficult climbing over the large boulders."
"At the end of an hour Sinclair was ready to ascend. Those of us on the pulling end of the rope soon realized that our troubles were just beginning. There were hardly enough of us for the long haul. With everyone pulling we managed to raise Sinclair to a pint near the top when he heard someone say, 'I can't pull much longer'. We finally passed him a line with which he was pulled safely out of the Devil's Throat. By the time we had picked up our gear it was dark and we were ready for a good meal at the hotel."
Sinclair was the first to observe the crater's conical shape, which in these days had a floor six times larger than the opening. He discovered a number of small lava tubes intersecting the crater walls. Both Sinclair and Scribner seem to have enjoyed their adventureScribner ends his account with the following offer to Park employees: "If there are any more craters or pits you wish explored just call on Bill Sinclair and myself and we shall be glad to do so at the earliest opportunity."
|Aerial (left) and ground (right) views of Devil's Throat pit crater on the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano. The crater is about 40 m in diameter. Chain of Craters Road is visible in lower left corner of the aerial photograph.|
C. W. Scribner and J. E. Doerr, Jr., "Exploring the Devil's Throat", Hawai'i National Park Nature Notes, vol. II, no. 3.


text:
If you have always liked the idea of having a pigeon that flies out and returns back each night then continue reading. We have created a short guide on how you can get pigeons to return with some useful tips on what to do.
- - You must first make sure you have the correct type of pigeon. You will need a homing or racing pigeon. Others that are just for show will not fly back from long distances. If unsure then ask a pigeon breeder or vet who know their information and how to differentiate between pigeons.
- - Build a loft that a pigeon can enter. There needs to be adequate space and room so that the pigeon can enter. You must make sure there is a large opening which they can detect and fly into. This should however be not so large that predators can enter. The birds should be locked away for their own safety.
- - Try and make a pigeon's habitat is as pleasant as possible so that the bird wants to return. If a pigeon is unhappy in it's environment then maybe when it leaves it will not return. Like your home, you want to find food, shelter and safety. This is why you return home each night. A pigeon follows the same procedure.
- - For the first 4 weeks you should keep them in the enclosed space without letting it out. Feed it properly with healthy and nutritious food at least twice a day.
- - After a while your pigeon should recognise that their home really is their home. Let it out of the loft and let it explore the surrounding neighbourhoods. After a while they should return home.
- - After 2 weeks of exploring at home, now you can go further. You should try a variety of locations such as north, east, south and west so they can set their bearings correctly. Also stagger the distance. First should be 1 mile then 2 miles then 5 and 10. Of course go within your birds limits. Homing pigeons are said to do well for up to 50 miles.
- - Try not to let your pigeons fly to early or it may say goodbye for ever.
- - Training older pigeons is not advised. They may have been trained before by another owner to return to a different loft and no matter what, they will always try to return there.
- - When releasing them try clear, sunny days to start with. If cloudy or windy it could harm the chances of the pigeons return.


Manage Python 3 packages (preview) in Azure Automation
Azure Automation allows you to run Python 3 runbooks (preview) on Azure Sandbox environment and on Linux Hybrid Runbook Workers. To help in simplification of runbooks, you can use Python packages to import the modules that you need. To import a single package, see Import a package. To import a package with multiple packages, see Import a package with dependencies. This article describes how to manage and use Python 3 packages (preview) in Azure Automation.
Packages as source files
Azure Automation supports only a Python package that only contains Python code and doesn't include other language extensions or code in other languages. However, the Azure Sandbox environment might not have the required compilers for C/C++ binaries, so it's recommended to use wheel files instead. The Python Package Index (PyPI) is a repository of software for the Python programming language. When selecting a Python 3 package to import into your Automation account from PyPI, note the following filename parts:
Filename part Description
cp38 Automation supports Python 3.8.x for Cloud Jobs.
amd64 Azure sandbox processes are Windows 64-bit architecture.
For example, if you wanted to import pandas, you could select a wheel file with a name similar as pandas-1.2.3-cp38-win_amd64.whl.
Some Python packages available on PyPI don't provide a wheel file. In this case, download the source (.zip or.tar.gz file) and generate the wheel file using pip. For example, perform the following steps using a 64-bit machine with Python 3.8.x and wheel package installed:
 1. Download the source file pandas-1.2.4.tar.gz.
 2. Run pip to get the wheel file with the following command: pip wheel --no-deps pandas-1.2.4.tar.gz.
Import a package
In your Automation account, select Python packages under Shared Resources. Then select + Add a Python package.
Screenshot of the Python 3 packages page shows Python 3 packages in the left menu and Add a Python 2 package highlighted.
On the Add Python Package page, select Python 3 for the Version, and select a local package to upload. The package can be a.whl or.tar.gz file. When the package is selected, select OK to upload it.
Screenshot shows the Add Python 3 Package page with an uploaded tar.gz file selected.
Once a package has been imported, it's listed on the Python packages page in your Automation account, under the Python 3 packages (preview) tab. If you need to remove a package, select the package and select Delete.
Screenshot shows the Python 3 packages page after a package has been imported.
Import a package with dependencies
You can import a Python 3 package and its dependencies by importing the following Python script into a Python 3 runbook, and then running it.
Importing the script into a runbook
For information on importing the runbook, see Import a runbook from the Azure portal. Copy the file from GitHub to storage that the portal can access before you run the import.
The Import a runbook page defaults the runbook name to match the name of the script. If you have access to the field, you can change the name. Runbook type may default to Python 2. If it does, make sure to change it to Python 3.
Screenshot shows the Python 3 runbook import page.
Executing the runbook to import the package and dependencies
After creating and publishing the runbook, run it to import the package. See Start a runbook in Azure Automation for details on executing the runbook.
The script ( requires the following parameters.
Parameter Description
subscription_id Subscription ID of the Automation account
resource_group Name of the resource group that the Automation account is defined in
automation_account Automation account name
module_name Name of the module to import from
For more information on using parameters with runbooks, see Work with runbook parameters.
Use a package in a runbook
With the package imported, you can use it in a runbook. Add the following code to list all the resource groups in an Azure subscription.
import os
import azure.mgmt.resource
import automationassets
def get_automation_runas_credential(runas_connection):
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 import binascii
 from msrestazure import azure_active_directory
 import adal
 # Get the Azure Automation RunAs service principal certificate
 cert = automationassets.get_automation_certificate("AzureRunAsCertificate")
 pks12_cert = crypto.load_pkcs12(cert)
 pem_pkey = crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM,pks12_cert.get_privatekey())
 # Get run as connection information for the Azure Automation service principal
 application_id = runas_connection["ApplicationId"]
 thumbprint = runas_connection["CertificateThumbprint"]
 tenant_id = runas_connection["TenantId"]
 # Authenticate with service principal certificate
 resource =""
 authority_url = (""+tenant_id)
 context = adal.AuthenticationContext(authority_url)
 return azure_active_directory.AdalAuthentication(
 lambda: context.acquire_token_with_client_certificate(
# Authenticate to Azure using the Azure Automation RunAs service principal
runas_connection = automationassets.get_automation_connection("AzureRunAsConnection")
azure_credential = get_automation_runas_credential(runas_connection)
# Intialize the resource management client with the RunAs credential and subscription
resource_client = azure.mgmt.resource.ResourceManagementClient(
# Get list of resource groups and print them out
groups = resource_client.resource_groups.list()
for group in groups:
The Python automationassets package is not available on, so it's not available for import onto a Windows machine.
Next steps
To prepare a Python runbook, see Create a Python runbook.


text:
Wal-Mart Stores aim to reduce plastic
Effort could eliminate plastic waste
equivalent to 9 billion plastic bags
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. committed to
reduce its global plastic shopping
bag waste by an average of 33 percent
per store by 2013. This is expected
to eliminate more than 135 million
pounds of plastic waste globally.
To help reach this goal, Wal-Mart
will reduce the number of bags given
out by its stores, encourage the
use of reusable bags and give customers
the ability to continue recycling
plastic shopping bags.
Wal-Mart's comprehensive bag reduction
strategy is being developed in partnership
with Environmental Defense Fund (EDF).
It is estimated that roughly 60 to
80 percent of all marine debris is
plastic. Reducing plastic shopping
bag waste could also help reduce
government expenditures. For example,
the state of California spends approximately
$25 million per year to discard plastic
bags into landfills.
As part of the goal to reduce plastic
bag waste, Wal-Mart stores in Mexico
and the United States are introducing
new, more affordable reusable bags.
In early September, Wal-Mart de Mexico
introduced reusable bags at one-third
the cost of its current bags. In
the United States, Wal-Mart began
offering reusable bags in October
for $.50 each.
Wal-Mart's commitment to reduce plastic
bag waste globally by 33 percent
includes a 25 percent reduction from
United States stores and a 50 percent
reduction from international operations.


the following code.
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
SipFactory factory =
 (SipFactory) context.getAttribute("javax.servlet.sip.SipFactory"); Proxy
Proxy is a utility used by a SIP servlet to proxy a request. In SIP, proxying has its own sequences including forking. You can specify the following settings in proxying with Proxy:
 - Recursive routing (recurse)—When the destination of proxying returns a 3xx response, the request is proxied to the specified target.
 - Record-Route setting—Sets a Record-Route header in the specified request.
 - Parallel/Sequential (parallel)—Determines whether forking is executed in parallel or sequentially.
 - stateful—Determines whether proxying is transaction stateful. This parameter is not relevant because stateless proxy mode is deprecated in JSR289.
 - Supervising mode—In the event of the state change of proxying (response receipts), an application reports this.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I hope the title of this question isn't too confusing.
What I want to do is send myself an e-mail when a specified command has finished running in the shell. For this purpose, I wrote a simple script that takes an argument and sends me an e-mail with the argument as the messages text. The idea is to be able to execute a command that I know will take a long time in the following manner:
./commandThatTakesALongTime;./emailingScript
The obvious answer here is to just write the name of the command again, and pass it in as a string but often I'll have commands with lots of arguments, and so I'd prefer it to automatically grab what was executed.
I've tried using various combinations of!!:p, but that doesn't appear to be working. Any tips?
ETA: I'm looking for something that I can pass as which will basically just print "./commandThatTakesALongTime"--does such a thing exist? The reason I'm doing it this way is because I need my environment to be preserved as it is after the command is executed.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Write a script like this:
if "$@" ; then
 echo "$@" | mail -s 'command complete' _EMAIL_
 echo "Command failed!"
Save this as exec_and_mail and make it executable.
You run it as exec_and_mail some_command -with arguments --passed --to it.
share|improve this answer
Question, which should've been stated in the original problem definition--will this preserve my environment? Some of the programs that I have that are longer-running are changing environment variables and those need to be preserved. Thanks. – smintitule May 19 at 19:16
You cannot pass environment variables from a child process to the parent. The child inherits the parent environment and can modify it, but it's not going to affect the parent environment in any way. There are workaround to this and they amount to passing a script to the parent which sets the environment variables. – Sigi May 19 at 19:17
In other words: nothing that a command does to its environment will affect the environment of the process (or shell) that executed the command. So your environment will not be modified. – Sigi May 19 at 19:20
Which I think brings me back to where I started--sequentially executing two commands and just breaking them up with the semicolon. The issue is just what do I send to my script as an argument? – smintitule May 19 at 19:21
There's no way for a script to get information from the rest of the command line. That's why this script takes the command line as an argument, and it executes the command for you. It will inherit your environment variables. – Barmar May 19 at 19:34
Your Answer


I have Send as permission on a mailbox. When I log on to my mailbox and send an item as the other user, why does the item appear in my Sent Items folder, not the other user's folder?
This behavior is a feature, not a bug. When you send an item, you're the person who's sending it, even if you're doing so on behalf of another user. This behavior is analogous to the way real-world systems work: If I send a fax from my fax machine, the recipient sees my fax number, even if the cover sheet says that the fax is from the president of the United States.


If you want your finish to enrich the colors of that bland mahogany, try this recipe. To understand how to finish mahogany, one must know its history. In this article, professional finisher Jeff Jewitt explains why mahogany stock used to look so much better than it does now, and then offers tips on how to improve the appearance of today's wood. Start by filling wormholes, sand it, lay on some water-soluble dye, seal with tinted oil, and then build up the finish with thin coats. Jewitt also includes handy finishing tips, such as using Scotch Brite pads for sanding.
From Fine Woodworking #164


text:
Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on (2011)
Aug. 22, 2011 to Aug. 27, 2011
During events that involve large crowds (e.g., demonstrations or sports events), large-scale aggressive outbursts are not uncommon. Since these outbursts are usually triggered by relatively small stimuli, and the amount of people involved may grow very quickly, their emergence is often highly unpredictable and difficult to control. The number of different factors that play a role in the development of crowds is large, which makes it difficult to gain a concrete insight in how the collective aggressive behaviour of a given crowd (with known parameters) will develop. This paper is a position paper and is to be considered as a first step in the development of an ambient system to analyse and control the emergence of aggressive behaviour in crowds under different circumstances. The main purpose is to use the system to provide support for police officers and (formal) guardians in both detecting, decreasing and avoiding (the number of) riots.
ambient intelligence, crowd simulation, aggression
Charlotte Gerritsen, "Using Ambient Intelligence to Control Aggression in Crowds", Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on, vol. 03, no., pp. 53-56, 2011, doi:10.1109/WI-IAT.2011.25


text:
Use the remaining Fluff to top the pie with toasted Coconut once the pis has set up. I was wondering if someone with whom this succeeded could tell me what the fat content was of their coconut milk. Archived from the original on 30 July Since I discovered using coconut milk as a dairy alternative, I always keep at least two cans in my cabinent. There are many misconceptions about what panic attacks look and feel like. My birthday is coming up in September.
How to Make Coconut Whipped Cream
Woman Smiling and Holding a Supplement I managed to find several research studies on Garcinia Cambogia, in both animals and humans. According to some studies in rats, it can inhibit a fat producing enzyme called Citrate Lyase, making it more difficult for the body to produce fat out of carbohydrates (1). Other rat studies show increased levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This could theoretically lead to reduced appetite and cravings (2).
There are actually a whole bunch of studies in rats showing that Garcinia Cambogia consistently leads to significant weight loss (3, 4, 5, 6).


text:
The X Games (ESPN competition)
Xare (a sport played with a racket)
The X Games is an extreme sporting event that includes dirt bike riding and Snowboarding. BMX and Rally are also featured.
Well, Cross Country is sometimes abbreviated as "X" Country, the X standing for cross.
quoits [there is actually a Victorian Association with teams and ladders]
X-treme skate boarding
There are several sports starting with letter X, but they aren't very popular or widely-known. For example, Xingyiquan - type of Chinese martial arts; Xare - a racket sport and Xiangqi - a Chinese table game, similar to Chess.
* If playing the xylophone is a sport, then the sport would be called xlylophony. and a player would be called a xylophoner. * Lacrosse begins with the cross (x) * + all sports that are exciting ( x citing) How about this:
The X Games is an annual event with a focus on extreme action sports. The Winter X Games are held in January or February and the Summer X Games are usually held in August. Participants compete to win bronze, silver and gold medals, and prize money.
For more information, try this site:
Why do you care what sports start with the letter x???
One sport is called X GAMES.
Get ur answer somewhere else cause i got nothin type in,"fruit that starts with d"
From the Bounty books crossword dictionary Under the Games,sports and pastimes section xyst xystos.
Xingyiquan - type of Chinese martial arts;
it took me a while to find this
there is an argentinian sport named XARE.
The most famous sports word that begins with x is the X-Games. They are games where people skate and bike across complex courses and do lots of tricks. It is extremely interesting to watch.
Xingyiquan is a martial art.
well it endsx with x s*x
I don't think so...
x games and the xhare
No river in Texas starts with the letter X.
There are no English words that begin with the letter x that mean adventurous.
If you mean what adjective means 'dog-like' then 'canine' is the word.
Xavier University Musketeers
There are no Olympic sports that begin with the letter x.
There are no countries in Africa that begin with the letter X.
Equestrian is a sport that involves horseback riding. To the best of my knowledge there are no sports that begin with the letter x.
what are some places in Mexico that begin with the letter X
Plants that begin with the letter X:XanthocerasXanthorrhoeaXeranthemumXerophytexylemXylosma.xylem
There are no US states that begin with X. == ==
Xeranthemum and Xanthoceras are flowers. They begin with the letter X.
there is no feelings that start with an x
· x-rated · xenophobic


text:
How well is your mainframe outsourcer managing capacity and performance?
Part 5: CPU based pricing models
This is the fifth in a series of blogs about how to follow up on your mainframe outsourcer. Previously I've discuss why it is important to follow up on your outsourcer, understanding MIPS and MSU, and the pitfalls of MIPS. In the last blog I discussed the outsourcer's cost structure. In this article I will dig further into the commercial aspects of CPU capacity. Specifically, we will look at how the monthly invoice for the customer is calculated from the technical measurements.
CPU based pricing from an outsourcer can be usage-based, capacity-based, or a combination of the two.
Usage based pricing
As discussed in the previous blog, IBM software is generally billed based on CPU usage, so it is natural for the outsourcer to ensure some level of back-to-back agreement with its customers by also charging based on CPU usage. Some variations on this theme that we have seen are:
– Monthly peak rolling four-hour average
– Absolute monthly peak
– Peak during working hours during the month
– Monthly percentile peak (e.g. 95th percentile where the highest 5% of the peaks are ignored)
– Total or average usage during the month (e.g. average MIPS or total CPU seconds)
– Bands (penalties for using too much or too little)
The units are generally MIPS or MSU. Note that while the outsourcer may be paying IBM for their peak usage and charging you for your peak usage, those peaks may be at different times.
The advantage of capacity-based pricing is predictability. You pay a fixed monthly fee for a fixed capacity, no matter how much you use. There are typically well-defined mechanisms in the agreement for adjusting that capacity on an ongoing basis. Example of this theme include:
– Reserved capacity, sometimes referred to as guaranteed capacity, based on the LPARS 'weight'
– Maximum capacity based on the LPARs configuration, e.g. number of logical CPU's
– Maximum capacity based on hard or soft capping
These elements can be combined in many ways. Here are some examples:
– CP capacity billed based on peak, but zIIP and IFL capacity billed based on number of logical CPU's
– CP and zIIP capacity based on the combined CP + zIIP peak – or based on the peaks for CP and the peaks for zIIP determined independently
– Peaks based on combining the usage of all LPARS or based on each LPAR independently
– Some software products billed based on usage and other software products based on capacity
We recommend the following best practices when deciding on a billing model:
- Work towards alignment of interests with your outsourcer. Think win-win by looking for ways you both can save money.
- Avoid complexity that doesn't add value.
- Ensure transparency through access to data and reporting.
- Understand your current and projected usage patterns when considering alternate billing models.
- Get independent advice from subject matter experts when evaluating your current situation or considering alternatives.
- Understand the relationship between cost and quality of service.
The relationship between cost and quality of service will be covered in more detail in another blog.
by Steven Thomas, Chief Technology Officer, SMT Data


text:
for National Geographic News
The U.S. Department of Interior has designated Nebraska's Ashfall Fossil Beds as a national natural landmark, the first such landmark to be designated in almost two decades.
The site, near the town of Neligh (see Nebraska map), is home to hundreds of skeletons of extinct rhinos, camels, three-toed horses, and other vertebrates that were killed and buried by ash from a huge volcanic eruption some 12 million years ago.
It is the only place on Earth where large numbers of fossil mammals have been found as whole, three-dimensionally preserved skeletons.
"Ashfall has tremendous value for science and education and great inspirational value," said Margi Brooks, the National Natural Landmark (NNL) Program manager, who is based in Tucson, Arizona.
"It clearly qualifies as a natural landmark."
The Ashfall Fossil Beds were uncovered in the early 1970s by Mike Voorhies, the current curator of paleontology at the University of Nebraska State Museum in Lincoln.
In 1971 he found a skull of a rhino calf protruding from an eroding ravine. The skull turned out to be part of a complete skeleton embedded in volcanic ash.
Voorhies led excavations of the site in 1978 and 1979, supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. (National Geographic News is part of the National Geographic Society.)
About 12 million years ago, a volcano in modern-day Idaho spread a blanket of ash over large parts of what is now the midwestern United States. A layer of this powdered glass one or two feet (oneto two-thirds of a meter) thick covered the grasslands of northeastern Nebraska.
Most of the animals living in the area survived the actual ashfall, but as they continued to graze on the ash-covered grasses, their lungs began to fill with the deadly particles.
(See related news photo: "Peru Volcano Spews Deadly Ash")
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


What Is The Opposite Of Regenerate?
What is the opposite word of replenish?
Antonyms: waste, empty, exhaust, reduce, drain, impoverish..
What is another word for regenerate?
In this page you can discover 27 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for regenerate, like: exhilarate, restore, revive, reform, reborn, renew, invigorate, recreate, redeem, refresh and renovate.
What is an antonym for recover?
recover. Antonyms: lose, forfeit, miss, sacrifice, deteriorate, impair, decay, decline, relapse. Synonyms: regain, repossess, resume, retrieve, recruit, heal, cure, revive, restore, reanimate, save.
What's a word for feeling empty?
What does relinquish mean?
verb (used with object) to renounce or surrender (a possession, right, etc.): to relinquish the throne. to give up; put aside or desist from: to relinquish a plan. to let go; release: to relinquish one's hold.
What is replenish hair?
what it does… Replenish Hair. hair that goes through a lot on a day-to-day basis. Replenishes nutrient-depleted strands, reverses damage, and protects your hair from environmental stressors with a blend of natural, hair-healthy ingredients. Nourish Roots.
What does replenished mean?
to make full or complete again, as by supplying what is lacking, used up, etc.: to replenish one's stock of food. to supply (a fire, stove, etc.) with fresh fuel. to fill again or anew.
What is a replenishment amount?
Your replenishment amount is your average monthly toll usage.
What can I say instead of sad?
How do you fill the emptiness?
Here are 4 ways to fill the emptiness in your life:Dig deep down within yourself to understand your feelings. We can't solve the problem if we don't first understand it. … Allow yourself some sort of outlet for your emotions. … Commit to loving yourself, no matter what. … Get involved in activities that make you happy.
What do you call a person who has no emotions?
Specialty. Psychiatry. Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions experienced by one's self or others. The core characteristic of alexithymia is marked dysfunction in emotional awareness, social attachment, and interpersonal relation.


April brought her ducklings to visit the nursery, they made lots of noise.
 There were 2 brown ducklings and 2 yellow ones, some of the children wanted to hold them so we had a towel on our laps incase they decided to poo. Their feathers were really soft, they had webbed feet and small wings.
We had to be very calm around them so that we didn't frighten them.
The babies were very interested in the small fluffy ducks that made lots of noise.
Some of the little ones have soft ducks that they sleep with so it was interesting for them to see a real one.
The ducks will grow up and lay lots of eggs which could be new baby ducklings or eggs to eat.
To see ducklings hatching click here


text:
It is known that thiol-containing compounds form monolayer membranes on a gold surface via chemisorption from organic solvents in terms of a strong connection ability between thiol and the metal. Here we prepared different kinds of thiol-containing lipids and fabricated monolayer membranes on the gold disk electrode whose surface structures were similar to biological membranes. Responses of this lipid-coated electrode to odor substances were examined by an electrochemical method of a cyclic voltammetry. Blocking ability for the redox reaction of Fe(CN)63− was found to change upon adsorption of odor substances into monolayer membranes. The order of threshold values to detect the odorants was β-iononeβ-citralβchloroform≦n-amyl acetate; this order was the same as that in the human olfactory sense. The present study indicates that the monolayer membrane of thiol-containing lipids can be useful as a transducer of an odor sensor.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


The Java EE 5 Tutorial
Persistence Units
A persistence unit defines a set of all entity classes that are managed by EntityManager instances in an application. This set of entity classes represents the data contained within a single data store.
Persistence units are defined by the persistence.xml configuration file. The JAR file or directory whose META-INF directory contains persistence.xml is called the root of the persistence unit. The scope of the persistence unit is determined by the persistence unit's root.
Each persistence unit must be identified with a name that is unique to the persistence unit's scope.
Persistent units can be packaged as part of a WAR or EJB JAR file, or can be packaged as a JAR file that can then be included in an WAR or EAR file.
If you package the persistent unit as a set of classes in an EJB JAR file, persistence.xml should be put in the EJB JAR's META-INF directory.
If you package the persistence unit as a set of classes in a WAR file, persistence.xml should be located in the WAR file's WEB-INF/classes/META-INF directory.
If you package the persistence unit in a JAR file that will be included in a WAR or EAR file, the JAR file should be located:
The persistence.xml File
persistence.xml defines one or more persistence units. The following is an example persistence.xml file.

 This unit manages orders and customers.
 It does not rely on any vendor-specific features and can
 therefore be deployed to any persistence provider.
This file defines a persistence unit named OrderManagement, which uses a JTA-aware data source jdbc/MyOrderDB. The jar-file and class elements specify managed persistence classes: entity classes, embeddable classes, and mapped superclasses. The jar-file element specifies JAR files that are visible to the packaged persistence unit that contain managed persistence classes, while the class element explicitly names managed persistence classes.
The jta-data-source (for JTA-aware data sources) and non-jta-data-source (non-JTA-aware data sources) elements specify the global JNDI name of the data source to be used by the container.


text:
Earth science community wants more Earth Explorers
Following the Call for Ideas for the next Earth Explorer Core missions, a total of 24 proposals had been submitted by the deadline in August. This clearly shows that there is massive interest from the scientific community in ESA's Living Planet Programme and that Earth Explorers are providing the community with a host of new tools to forward their scientific agenda.
Earth Explorer missions are designed to address critical and specific issues that have been raised by the science community whilst demonstrating breakthrough technology in observing techniques. The science community is involved right from the beginning in the definition of new missions, which leads to the efficient development of a mission and provides the exact data required by the user.
Currently, there are six approved Earth Explorer missions under development: CryoSat, GOCE, SMOS, ADM-Aeolus, Swarm and EarthCARE. CryoSat will be the first of these missions to launched, with lift-off scheduled for 8 October this year. With close to one launch per year these satellites will provide the science community with new and unique observations that will enable significant scientific progress in a number of areas. This is in addition to the broad observational capabilities already offered by the ERS satellites and Envisat over the last 15 years.
For the current Call the Agency's Earth Science Advisory Committee elaborated scientific priorities in order to take full account of what has already been achieved and what the current Earth science agenda considers to be central issues needed to be addressed, leading to the following set of priorities:
- The global water cycle
- The global carbon cycle
- Atmospheric chemistry and climate
- The human element as a cross-cutting issue
The proposals submitted reflect these priorities, although there are also proposals that cover broader issues. Some proposals tackle more than one area, whilst the Earth system approach is clear in the way the scientific issues are addressed.
The evaluation process is being set up, and during the first half of 2006 the Agency's Programme Board for Earth Observation will decide which of the missions will be selected to undergo feasibility study. Final selection of missions to be implemented is planned for 2008, with launch during the first half of next decade. During the Ministerial Conference in December this year, ESA's Member States and Canada will decide on the level of funding that will be available to respond to the Earth science community's strong interest in the Earth Explorer missions.


Master in Integrative Clinical Psychology
The goal of Integrative Psychotherapy is to facilitate wholeness so that the quality of the person's being and action in the intrapsychic, interpersonal, and sociopolitical space is maximized, taking into account the personal boundaries of each individual and the external forces of the environment in which Lives.
The Master in Integrative Clinical Psychology with Christian emphasis is a course that applies disciplines of the mind and spirit so that the most important principles, whether human or divine, are applied in a clinical and spiritual view.
This course uses an innovative methodology that encourages the development of the therapist's individual capacities so that he can apply his talent in his professional field.
The Master's aims are:
1. Provide conditions for the development of the research within the characteristics of the Program, in order to meet the demand of the Region by qualified professionals;
2. To prepare professionals of Integrative Psychology and related areas for the production of scientific knowledge in their areas of professional activity;
3. To prepare teachers, researchers and professionals interested in the phenomenon Psychological and religious in contemporary society.
There are 72 study and research credits
 Click on the PDF file to access the courses
Criteria for applying:
1.To have Bachelor's degree
2.Fill in the proposed Charter
3. Send Updated Curriculum
4. Choose the Search Line
5. Produce the Pre Project
Duration: 2 years
72 Credits
Conclusion Documents:
1. Certificate
2. Comprehensive Report
2. Notary Public
3. Apostille
4. List of Disciplines (Ementario)
To apply, please send an email to:
_PHONE_
_PHONE_ - USA
+381 61 _PHONE_ - SRB
4300 Biscayne Blvd, Suite 203
Miami, Florida 33137
3419 NW Evangeline Thruway. Ste A-1. Carencro, LA 70520 (Enterprise Business Center) 70507
registered site
© copyright 2012-04-28 01:10:56 UTC
All Rights Reserved
Bul. Nikola Tesla 32/10
11.000 Beograd-Zemun
Republic of Serbia
fraud contact the Board of
the University or with the FBI
Stock Photos from the site: Pixabay (Authorized Use)


text:
Definition of Anglocentric in English:
Centred on or considered in terms of England or Britain: an Anglocentric, white view of Australian history
More example sentences
- He's critical of the Anglocentric view which defines Caribbean literature as Walcott, Naipaul and not much else.
- Few things are so hypocritical than the cry of 'racism' when an outsider correctly skewers both England's arrogant, underachieving football team and the grossly Anglocentric British media.
- His Scottish kingship was not in any way a trial run for kingship of England; modern scholars of Anglocentric persuasion may make the mistake of thinking that it was, but his English subjects never made that mistake.
Definition of Anglocentric in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Most popular in the US
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text:
Section 1: C Programming Lab
Question 1: Write an interactive program in C language to manage the Clinic Information with menu options like Patient's details, Doctor's details, Doctor's and Patient's visits, Laboratory details, Bills, Payments etc. using the file handling concepts. The application should be designed user-friendly.
Note: You must execute the program and submit the program logic, sample input and output along with the necessary documentation for this question. Assumptions can be made wherever necessary.
Section 2: Assembly Language Programming Lab
(a) Write a program in assembly language to sort an array of signed integers and search for the presence of an item in the sorted array using linear search
(b) Develop and execute an assembly language program to find the HCF of two unsigned 16-bit numbers.
(c ) Write a program in assembly language for finding the largest number in an array of 10 elements.
(d) Given a string of characters terminated by 00H, write a assembly language program to determine if it is a palindrome. If 'Yes' output the message " The given string is a palindrome. If 'No' output the message "No, it is not a palindrome"


text:
Part of twisted.internet.protocol View Source View In Hierarchy
Implements interfaces: twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer
|Method||write||The producer will write data by calling this method.|
|Method||registerProducer||Register to receive data from a producer.|
|Method||unregisterProducer||Stop consuming data from a producer, without disconnecting.|
Inherited from Adapter:
|Method||__init__||Set my 'original' attribute to be the object I am adapting.|
|Method||__conform__||I forward __conform__ to self.original if it has it, otherwise I simply return None.|
|Method||isuper||Forward isuper to self.original|
Register to receive data from a producer.
This sets self to be a consumer for a producer. When this object runs out of data (as when a send(2) call on a socket succeeds in moving the last data from a userspace buffer into a kernelspace buffer), it will ask the producer to resumeProducing().
resumeProducing will be called once each time data
pauseProducingwill be called whenever the write buffer fills up and
resumeProducingwill only be called when it empties.
|Parameters||producer|| (type: |


activate event.
Workbook_SheetSelectionChange The workbook implementation of the
 Worksheet_SelectionChange event.
 û A Cancel parameter is provided Mith this event.
Chart events
Event name Description
Chart_Activate Occurs when the chart sheet is activated.
Chart_BeforeDoubleClick Occurs when the user double-clicks on the chart sheet. û
Chart_BeforeRightClick Occurs when the user right-clicks on the chart sheet. û
Chart_Calculate Occurs when the chart is calculated or an element of the
 chart is changed.
Chart_Deactivate Occurs when the chart sheet is deactivated.
Chart_MouseDown Occurs when the user presses a mouse button while over
 the chart.
Chart_MouseMove Occurs when the user moves the mouse over the chart.
Chart_MouseUp Occurs when the user releases the mouse button.
Chart_Resize Occurs when the chart is resized.
Chart_Select Occurs when the user selects the chart.
Chart_SeriesChange Occurs when the value of a data point is changed.
 û A Cancel parameter is provided Mith this event.
Application events
 Event name Description
 App_NewWorkbook Occurs when a new workbook is added.
 App_SheetActivate The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_Activate event.
 App_SheetBeforeDoubleClick The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_BeforeDoubleClick event. û
 App_SheetBeforeRightClick The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_BeforeRightClick event. û
 App_SheetCalculate The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_Calculate event.
 App_SheetChange The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_Change event.
 App_SheetDeactivate The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_Deactivate event.
 App_SheetSelectionChange The Application implementation of the
 Worksheet_SelectionChange event.
 App_WindowActivate The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_WindowActivate event.
 App_WindowDeactivate The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_WindowDeactivate event.
 App_WindowResize The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_WindowResize event.
 App_WorkbookActivate The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_Activate event.
 App_WorkbookBeforeClose The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_BeforeClose event. û
 App_WorkbookBeforePrint The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_BeforePrint event. û
 App_WorkbookBeforeSave The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_BeforeSave event. û
 App_WorkbookDeactivate The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_Deactivate event.
 App_WorkbookNewSheet The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_NewSheet event.
 App_WorkbookOpen The Application implementation of the
 Workbook_Open event.
 û A Cancel parameter is provided Mith this event.
Further reading
 Deitel, H.M., Deitel, P.J, Nieto, T.R. (1999), Visual Basic  6 How to
 Program, Prentice Hall.
 Graham, Ian (1992), Object-oriented methods, Addison Wesley.
 Green, J. (1999), Excel 2000 VBA Programmers Reference, Wrox Press.
 Lomax, P. (1998), VB & VBA in a Nutshell, OReilly.
 Pressman. R. S. (1994), Software Engineering  A Practitioners Approach,
 Mc Graw-Hill.
 Roman, S. (1999), Writing Excel Macros, OReilly.
 Zak, D. (2000), Visual Basic for Applications, Thomson Learning.
Useful VBA websites
Symbols C
8086 chip 8 Calculations 61
 Case Else 124
 Chart events 217
Add Watch 154 Click() event 196
And 122 Comments 47
Apple II microcomputer 7 Comparison operators 114
Apple Macintosh 8 Compiler 14
Application events 218 Computers, brief history 4
Application object methods 88 Constants 104
Application software 9 CP/M 10
Arrays 107
 dynamic 108 D
 index 107 Data entry forms 193
Artificial intelligence languages 16 Data types 93
Assembler languages 14 comparison of 116
ASCII codes 214 user-defined 105
Assistant object, properties 208 Debug toolbar 154
Auto_Close 57 Debug.Print 160
Auto_Open 57 Debugging 148
 DEC PDP minicomputers 6
 Dim 108
Balloon Help 203 DisplayAlerts 88
Balloon object 204 Do... Loop 139
 properties 208 Do Loop While 140
Basic 18 Do Until Loop 139
BBC Micro 7 Do While Loop 139
BITs 14 Do Loop Until 140
Black box testing 151 DOS 10
ByRef 182
ByVal 182 E
 Editor window 46
End user, designing for 209 I
ENIAC computer 4
 IBM 701 EPDM 5
Event procedures 199
 IBM PC 8
Events 70, 215
 If statements 116
Excel, origins 19
 If ElseIf 120
Excel charts, macros for 36
 If Then 116
Excel objects 75
 If Then Else 118
Exit For 137
 Immediate window 160
Explicit declarations 97
 Initialize() procedure 195
F InputBox 52
For Each... Next 80, 130 InputBox method, in Application object 88
For... Next 132 Integrated development environment (IDE) 15
Forms 188 Intel 8
 designing 194 Interpreter 14
 event handlers 195 K
 Toolbox 189
 Keyboard shortcuts 29
Functions 172
 calling 175 L
 defining 174 Leo 5
 using parameters 179 Line break, debugging 149
G Line breaks, in MsgBox 56
 Linux 9
GUI (graphic user interface) 11
 Logical errors 150
H Logical operators 122
Hardware 3 Loop structures, which to use 144
Harvard Mark 1 5 Loop termination 143
Help 63 Low-level languages 13
 context-sensitive 203 M
High-level languages 13
 and buttons 33
 assigning to a toolbar 34 P
 cell references 31
 defined 24
 and arguments 174
 recording 27
 passing 182
 testing 151
 Procedures, defined 49
 tips for running 59
 Programming errors 148
Maintenance 166
 Programming languages 13
Methods 69
 Project Explorer 45
Modules 48
 Properties pane 46
 creating 65
 Pseudocode 50
Moores Law 4
MsgBox 53 R
 buttons 54 Range object 84
N Run-time errors 149
Named ranges 84 S
Not 122 ScreenUpdating 88
O Security levels 40
 Select case 123
Object Browser 77
 Set keyword 100
Object collections 71
 Step Into 157
Object-oriented programming (OOP) 16, 68
 Step Out 158
Objects, referencing 70
 Step Over 157
Offset method 87
 String comparisons 115
On Error GoTo 161
 Structured English 50
OnEntry 57
 Subs 170
OnSheetActivate 57
 Syntax errors 148
Operating system 9
Operators 114 T
 summary 127 Testing 151
Option explicit 97 Third-generation languages (3GL) 14
Or 122 Toggle Breakpoint 156
Trapping errors 161 VBA modules 57
Type 105 Visual Basic
 origins 18
 toolbar 39
User-defined data types 105 Visual Basic for Applications 20
V Visual programming 15
Validating data 80 W
Variables 92 Watch window 154
 assigning values 99 What-if questions 26
 declaration 96 Windows 11
 names 95 With...End With 76
 types 93 Workbook events 216
VBA Editor 46 Worksheet events 215
VBA environment 45
Shared By:


Bugs and Limitations
Directory timestamps aren't preserved
Rclone doesn't currently preserve the timestamps of directories. This is because rclone only really considers objects when syncing.
Rclone struggles with millions of files in a directory/bucket
Currently rclone loads each directory/bucket entirely into memory before using it. Since each rclone object takes 0.5k-1k of memory this can take a very long time and use a large amount of memory.
Millions of files in a directory tends to occur on bucket-based remotes (e.g. S3 buckets) since those remotes do not segregate subdirectories within the bucket.
Bucket based remotes and folders
Bucket based remotes (e.g. S3/GCS/Swift/B2) do not have a concept of directories. Rclone therefore cannot create directories in them which means that empty directories on a bucket based remote will tend to disappear.
Some software creates empty keys ending in / as directory markers. Rclone doesn't do this as it potentially creates more objects and costs more. This ability may be added in the future (probably via a flag/option).
Bugs are stored in rclone's GitHub project:


How to Get Rid Of Your Thigh Fat
How to Get Rid Of Your Thigh Fat
A recent study concludes that breaking down body fat especially those found in the thighs is a difficult task. This is because the human body concentrates on producing energy from other food sources before targeting the fats. This results to the accumulation of fats in the human body. Moreover, women, compared to men, store more fats and a bulk of this goes to lower body parts like the waist, thighs, hips and butt.
Excess placement of fats on the thighs can form cellulites. Bulges in the thighs are the leading cause of rheumatism in the knees, leg swelling, and fatigue from walking only a few meters. Fatty thighs are bothersome which is why you might want to lose them through the following suggestions:
 1. Thigh fat can be lost by minimizing frozen food intake, and avoiding junk foods such as potato chips, fries, and pizzas. These foods are rich in salt, which retains fats in the thigh area. These types of foods also pile up the pounds in your body.
 2. Eliminating thigh fat can also be done by eating iron-rich foods. This is the reason why vegetarians find it hard to lose fat. Broccoli, spinach, cabbage and tomatoes as well as fruits like fig, guava, berries, and apricot should be included in your diet because they are high in iron.
 3. Most importantly, people who want to lose thigh fat should ease up on drinking alcohol. Consuming large amounts of alcoholic drinks, how seldom it may be (like once a week), forces the liver to work harder and dump extra toxins in our bloodstream. The fats from the alcoholic beverage are then deposited in the thighs. Remember to drink warm water regularly as well to flush out toxins and remove thigh fats.
Cleanse Away Extra Pounds with ColoThin!
How to Get Rid Of Your Thigh Fat by
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This phrase results in a significant extension of the scope of 18 U.S.C. § 641 in that it applies to property in which the United States holds neither title nor a custodial interest. See United States v. Anderson, 45 F. Supp. 943, 949 (S.D.Cal. 1942). This extension of jurisdiction is rarely used because in most cases a theft from a government contractor will be a matter of concern primarily to local law enforcement officials. However, situations arise in which the federal interest will predominate and for which prosecution under 18 U.S.C. § 641 should be considered; for example, the theft of property being used in a high priority federal program, the theft of property from an ordinary contractor but on such a large scale that completion of the contract is impaired, or the theft of military weapons, explosives or ammunition.
[cited in JM 9-66.200]


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Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for making presentations and art. When you need to make a timeline, Microsoft Word 2007 has options for making the perfect design. You can make a timeline in Microsoft Word 2007 using SmartArt or your own drawing.
Make a timeline using SmartArt, as follows:
- Select Insert from the top menu. Choose SmartArt from inside the Illustrations box.
- Click Process in the SmartArt Graphics Gallery.
- Double-click the type of illustration you want for your timeline.
- Select Text and enter your first event.
- Click the SmartArt graphic you just made and choose Add Shape from the Create Graphic Group in the Design section of the SmartArt toolbar, to add another event. You can move an event by selecting it and dragging it to its new position. You can delete an event by selecting it and pressing the delete key. [Microsoft]
- Click Change Layout, to switch your timeline's style without starting over.
- Click on WordArt to create a header for your timeline. You can change your header by right clicking on it and selecting Format WordArt. [Microsoft]
- Save your timeline when you're happy with the way it looks.
Make a timeline with your own drawing, as follows:
- Select Insert from the top menu.
- Choose Shapes from inside the Illustrations box and click the rectangle.
- Draw a rectangle across the page by clicking and dragging your mouse.
- Right click on the rectangle and choose Format AutoShape from the popup menu.
- Add color and effect to your timeline, and change the color and style of the outline by clicking the Colors and Lines tab.
- Select Insert. Select Shapes and choose a straight line.
- Draw a line going up or down from your rectangle for each event on your timeline.
- Select Insert. Select Text Box from the Text group and choose a text box. [Computer tips]
- Create a text box for each event you've marked off. You can adjust the way the text boxes look by right clicking on the boxes and selecting Format Text Box.
- Select Insert. Select WordArt from the text group.
- Create a header for your timeline using WordArt. You can change your header by right clicking on it and selecting Format WordArt. [Microsoft]


Nvidia A100
What is NVIDIA A100?
The NVIDIA A100 is a data-center-grade graphical processing unit (GPU), part of larger NVIDIA solution that allows organizations to build large-scale machine learning infrastructure. It is a dual slot 10.5-inch PCI Express Gen4 card, based on the Ampere GA100 GPU. A100 is the world's fastest deep learning GPU designed and optimized for deep learning workloads.
The A100 comes with either 40GB or 80GB of memory, and has two major editions—one based on NVIDIA's high performance NVLink network infrastructure, and one based on traditional PCIe.
Its main features include:
 - 3rd generation Tensor Core—new format TF32, 2.5x FP64 for HPC workloads, 20x INT8 for AI inference, and support for BF16 data format.
 - HBM2e GPU memory—doubles memory capacity compared to the previous generation, with memory bandwidth of over 2TB per second.
 - MIG Technology—each instance offers up to 7 isolated Multi Instance GPUs (MIG), each with 10 GB of RAM.
 - Special support for sparse models—for sparse matrix calculations (tensors with many zeros), provides a 2x compared to the previous generation.
 - 3rd Generation NVLink and NVSwitch—upgraded network interconnect enabling GPU-to-GPU bandwidth of 600 GB/s.
In this article, you will learn:
NVIDIA A100 System Specifications
There are two versions of the A100 GPU:
 - NVIDIA A100 for NVLink—based on optimized NVIDIA networking infrastructure for highest performance—4/8 SXM on NVIDIA HGX™ A100.
 - NVIDIA A100 for PCIe—based on traditional PCIe slots, letting you deploy the GPU on a larger variety of servers.
Both versions provide the following performance capabilities:
 - Peak performance for FP64—9.7 TF, 19.5 TF for Tensor Cores
 - Peak performance for FP32—19.5 TF
 - Peak performance for FP16, BFLOAT16—312 TF for Tensor Cores*
 - Peak performance for Tensor Float 32—156 TF*
 - Peak performance for INT8—624 TOPS on Tensor Cores*
 - Peak Performance for INT4—1,248 TOPS on Tensor Cores*
(*) A100 supports double performance for workloads with sparsity.
Memory and GPU specifications are different for each version:
 - NVLink version—40 or 80 GB GPU memory, 1,555 or 2,039 GB/s memory bandwidth, up to 7 MIGs with 5 GB each (for A100 with 40 GB memory) or 10 GB each (for A100 with 80 GB memory), max power 400 W.
 - PCIe version—40 GB GPU memory, 1,555 GB/s memory bandwidth, up to 7 MIGs with 5 GB each, max power 250 W.
Related content – read our detailed guides about:
NVIDIA A100 Key Features
Third-generation NVIDIA NVLink
NVIDIA's third-generation high-speed NVLink interconnect improves GPU scalability, performance, and reliability. It is included in A100 GPUs and NVIDIA's latest NVSwitch. Thanks to additional links per GPU and NVSwitch, NVLink now offers wider GPU-GPU communication bandwidth and enhanced error detection, with recovery capabilities.
The latest NVLink boasts a 50 Gbit/sec data rate per signal pair, which is double the bandwidth provided by V100. Comparatively, a V100 NVLink provides a bandwidth of only 25 GB/sec, with half the amount of signal pairs used by V100. The number of links has doubled—12 compared to V100's 6—providing a total bandwidth of 600 GB/sec, compared to 300 in the V100.
Support for NVIDIA Magnum IO and Mellanox Interconnect Solutions
NVIDIA's A100 Tensor Core GPU is compatible with the company's Magnum IO and Mellanox InfiniBand and Ethernet interconnect solutions for accelerating multi-node connectivity.
The API for Magnum IO brings together file systems and storage, computing, and networking, maximizing the performance of multi-node acceleration systems. It can accelerate I/O for a wide spectrum of workloads, including AI, analytics and graphics processing, by interfacing with CUDA-X.
Asynchronous Copy
A100 boasts an innovative asynchronous copy instruction. This is performed in the background, allowing shared memory (SM) to meanwhile perform other computations.
The A100 makes it possible to load data into SM straight from global memory, without requiring an intermediate register file (RF). Async-copy reduces power consumption, uses memory bandwidth more efficiently and reduces register bandwidth.
Asynchronous Barrier
Barriers are important to manage competing and overlapping tasks in a multi-threaded environment. The A100 GPU provides special hardware acceleration for barriers, and C++-conformant barrier objects, accessible from CUDA 11. This makes it possible to:
 - Split arrive and wait operations for asynchronous barriers
 - Implement producer-consumer patterns directly in CUDA
 - Synchronize CUDA threads at any level of granularity (beyond warp/block)
Task Graph Acceleration
Thanks to A100's new features, new paths between task graph grids can now be implemented much faster.
You can employ a more efficient model for GPU work submission using CUDA task graphs, which provide define-once, run-repeatedly execution flows. These include a series of dependency-connected operations, including kernel launches or memory copies.
Predefined task graphs enable launching numerous kernels as one operation. This improves application performance and efficiency.
What is a Tensor Core?
Tensors are mathematical objects that describe the relationship between other mathematical objects. They are usually represented as a numeric array with multiple dimensions.
When processing graphics large amounts of data must be moved and processed in vector form. Because GPUs have strong parallel processing capabilities, they are well suited for tensor processing. Today all GPUs support General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM), which is the typical mathematical operation performed on tensors.
The NVIDIA Ampere architecture provides improved performance for GEMM, including:
 - Improving performance from 64 to 256 GEMMs per cycle
 - Support for new data formats
 - Fast processing for sparse tensors (tensors with a large number of zero values)
Programmers have easy access to Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing or Ampere chips. In order to use Tensor Cores:
 - Add a flag to the code to indicate tensor cores should be used (see some examples in the CUDA 9 documentation)
 - Ensure you are using a supported data format
 - Ensure the size of the matrix is a multiple of 8
What are Multi Instance GPUs (MIG)?
Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) is a technique for splitting one A100 GPU into multiple GPU instances—currently up to 7 instances are supported. Each virtual GPU instance runs with separate memory, caching, and multiprocessors. According to NVIDIA, in many scenarios, MIG can improve GPU server utilization by up to 7X.
An A100 GPU running in MIG mode can run up to seven different AI or HPC workloads in parallel. This is especially useful for AI inference jobs that don't require all the power offered by modern GPUs.
For example, you can create:
 - 2 MIG instances with 20 GB of memory each
 - 3 MIG instances with 10 GB each
 - 7 MIG instances with 5 GB each
MIG isolates GPU instances from each other, ensuring that faults in one instance don't affect the others. Each instance offers guaranteed quality of service (QoS) to ensure you get the expected latency and throughput from your workload.
Using MIG for Training and Inference
At the training stage, MIG allows up to seven operators to access a dedicated GPU simultaneously, so multiple deep learning models can be tuned in parallel. As long as each job does not require the full computing capacity of the A100 GPU, this provides excellent performance for each operator.
At the inference stage, MIG lets you process up to seven inference jobs at a time on a single GPU. This is very useful for inference workloads based on small, low-latency models, which do not require full GPU capabilities.
Flexible Deployment
Users can use MIG for AI and HPC without changing their existing CUDA programming model. MIG runs on existing Linux operating systems as well as Kubernetes.
NVIDIA A100 provides MIG as part of its software—this includes GPU drivers, the CUDA 11 framework, an updated NVIDIA container runtime, and new Kubernetes resource types available through device plugins.
NVIDIA Virtual Compute Server (vCS) can be used with MIG to manage hypervisors like Red Hat Virtualization and VMware vSphere. This enables functionality such as live migration and multi-tenancy.
What is NVIDIA DGX A100?
The DGX A100 is an AI infrastructure server providing 5 petaFLOPS of computing power in one system. It enables operating AI workloads, from development to deployment, at large scale on a unified platform.
DGX A100 systems can be connected into large clusters with up to thousands of units. You can scale by adding more DGX units, and splitting each A100 GPU into seven independent GPUs using MIG. DGX A100 provides eight NVIDIA A100 GPUs, and because each can be split into seven, this provides up to 56 independent GPUs in a single DGX, each with its own direct high bandwidth connection, memory, cache and compute.
NVIDIA also provides the NGC Private Registry, with containers optimized for GPU infrastructure, that let you run deep learning, machine


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Start by taking a look at and downloading our online Installation Manual: installation manual for residential garage doors.
Here are some common situations you might encounter:
- The door is very heavy and only goes halfway up The torsion spring(s) were installed backwards. Reverse the position of the tube and spring(s). Review Step 5 in the manual.
- The door opens very fast but is difficult to lower. The spring(s) are wound too tight. Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door closes quickly but is heavy to raise. The spring(s) are not wound tight enough. Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door works well, but goes back up when it's 2 to 3 inches from the threshold of the door. The spring(s) are a little too tight Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door doesn't close squarely on the floor. The floor isn't level compared to the vertical tracks. If it is a problem with the floor, the threshold must be corrected to be level.
- The door is difficult to open at the beginning of its cycle. The exterior frame weatherstripping is too tight. Loosen it and move it a bit away from the door (the base of the weatherstripping should be about ½" from the door).
- The door is difficult to open at the end of its cycle. The horizontal tracks are not perpendicular to the axis of the door. To check, use a tape measure and Figure 17 in the manual.
- The top section doesn't close completely. Adjust the position of the upper support (see Figure 16 in the manual).
If you encounter any other problems, please contact us.


How can we help you?
Why do tumble dryers occasionally turn after the cycle has finished?
After the cycle has finished, some dryers may make the drum move occasionally until you open the door. This technique is to stop creases forming in the clothes – it may move sporadically until you are ready to collect your dry laundry.
Did we answer your question?
Thank you for your feedback


August 28, 2013
Exceptional Exception Handling
The best way to write a reliable crash reporter on Mac OS X is to make it handle EXC_CRASH, but this will only work if you can handle the crash in another process. You can't catch EXC_CRASH in-process. This question arises from time to time, and I saw it most recently in Apple radar _PHONE_.
The short story is that your process is already dead by the time EXC_CRASH is raised. The long story is interesting, though.
Hardware Traps to Mach Exceptions
EXC_CRASH isn't like the other exception types in that it doesn't originate as a hardware trap (or fault, interrupt, or exception, depending on terminology). Take EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION, for example. On x86 (ARM is similar but the iOS kernel source isn't public), that's the Mach exception that corresponds to the _TAG_ hardware exception, among others. You can see the genesis of EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION in the kernel source at 10.8.4 xnu-2050.24.15/osfmk/i386/trap.c user_trap. ( T_INVALID_OPCODE is the constant for _TAG_.) When your code triggers _TAG_ (perhaps via a ud2 mnemonic, which clang will generate for you if you call __builtin_trap()—on ARM, it gives you a trap mnemonic), it gets turned into an EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION Mach exception, which will be delivered to the Mach exception handler registered for the thread, task, or host. The handlers are attempted in that order, and the first one that's got a handler registered for the exception type gets to handle the exception. You can see this delivery mechanism in xnu-2050.24.15/osfmk/kern/exception.c exception_triage. The handler can be anything: in-process, out-of-process, or nonexistent.
Mach Exceptions to POSIX Signals
For the normal hardware crash types (everything in from EXC_BAD_ACCESS through EXC_MACH_SYSCALL), there's a host-level exception handler present, installed by the kernel, and whose handler runs in the kernel. The exception port is called ux_exception_port in the kernel, and it's set up by xnu-2050.24.15/bsd/kern/bsd_init.c bsdinit_task. Note that it uses EXC_MASK_ALL, which does not include EXC_CRASH. The actual handler code is xnu-2050.24.15/bsd/uxkern/ux_exception.c catch_mach_exception_raise (this is probably where things will start to sound familiar if you've written your own Mach exception handler before) which, in conjunction with ux_exception and the processor-specific machine_exception, is responsible for mapping the Mach exception to a POSIX signal and sending that to the victim process. The EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION example will be turned into SIGILL, for example. EXC_BAD_ACCESS, which could have started as _TAG_ (T_GENERAL_PROTECTION) or _TAG_ (T_PAGE_FAULT), maps to SIGSEGV or SIGBUS, depending on the circumstances that caused the trap. Concisely, for Mach exceptions that aren't EXC_CRASH, unless you've got your own exception handler registered at the thread or task level, the in-kernel host-level exception handler will send your process a signal.
Lots of people writing Mach exception handlers set them up at the task level, and they use EXC_MASK_ALL or specific EXC_MASK values to pick the exception types they want to handle. This works if your exception handler is out-of-process, and if in-process, it works as well as an in-process handler can work (with the obvious caveat regarding exceptions on the exception handler thread). You're not going to get a POSIX signal, but that's probably fine, because if you're handling exceptions through the Mach interface, you're probably not trying to catch signals anyway.
Software-Based Termination
If you're messing with EXC_CRASH, you probably know that a major drawback of this scheme is that it can only respond to crashes that originated as genuine hardware traps. abort() and all of the things that wind up calling abort() are not, they're generated entirely in software. This is important for a crash reporter because lots of interesting crashes arise through this mechanism, such as assertion failures and runtime (C++ and Objective-C) exceptions. abort() is implemented in Libc-825.26/stdlib/FreeBSD/abort.c abort, and it raises SIGABRT all on its own, without ever triggering a hardware trap. That means that your program can catch these crashes in-process via the POSIX signal interface, but because it was never a Mach exception to begin with, there's no opportunity to catch one.
This is where EXC_CRASH comes in. EXC_CRASH is a new (as of Mac OS X 10.5) exception type that's only generated in one place: when a process is dying an abnormal death. In xnu-2050.24.15/bsd/kern/kern_exit.c proc_prepareexit, the logic says that if the process is exiting due to a signal that's considered a crash (one that might generate a " core" file, identified by the presence of SA_CORE in xnu-2050.24.15/bsd/sys/signalvar.h sigprop), an EXC_CRASH Mach exception will be raised for the task. Along with several other signals, the SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, and SIGABRT examples above are all core-generating, so they qualify for this treatment. By the time a process is exiting due to an unhandled signal, it's a goner. It's not going to be scheduled any more. That includes any Mach exception handler that was running on a thread in the process. This is why you can't catch EXC_CRASH exceptions in the process itself: by the time an EXC_CRASH is generated, your process is no longer running. Indeed, in the bug report, you can see the abort() as an "upstream" caller of in-kernel process teardown code, passing through proc_prepareexit, exception_triage, and ultimately getting blocked waiting for a response to mach_exception_raise that will never come.
I recommend EXC_CRASH as the best way to handle crashes, but it absolutely requires an out-of-process handler, which is a more robust architecture for other reasons anyway. If your handler needs to be in-process for whatever reason (including being on a platform where you're not supposed to be able to run more than one process), EXC_CRASH won't work, but nothing's stopping you from writing signal handlers, or from writing a Mach exception handler for all of the hardware-based exceptions and adding a SIGABRT handler to cover software-based crashes.
Leading by Example: Apple's Crash Reporter
Apple's Crash Reporter (or CrashReporter, or ReportCrash, after the name of its executable) is kind of fibbing when it tells you that the reason for your crash was " EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)". Everything that it catches was caught via EXC_CRASH. When it catches an EXC_CRASH that originated as a hardware exception, it recovers the original Mach exception type from the exception codes passed to it, stashed away by proc_prepareexit, and it shows you that instead of EXC_CRASH. This is where most people's first encounter with EXC_CRASH comes from, and based on preexisting experience with the Mach exception handling interface, it can be misleading.
ReportCrash is set as the default exception server for EXC_CRASH by launchd. launchd-442.26.2/src/core.c job_set_exception_port sets an internal variable, the_exception_server, the first time it sees a job that contains a Mach service definition that contains an ExceptionServer key with a boolean value (regardless of the actual value), or any time any Mach service definition has a value attribute that's a dictionary regardless of the key. (This behavior seems odd to me too.) For a user launchd, the launch agent at /System/Library/LaunchAgents/ provides the_exception_server in the form of a service named Subsequently, when launching any process (and user launchd is responsible for launching all processes in a user's graphical login session), launchd-442.26.2/src/core.c job_setup_exception_port will default to the_exception_server as the task-level EXC_CRASH handler if no other exception port was specified. For the system launchd (which runs as the init process), the launch daemon at /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ provides the_exception_server in the form of a service named, and once it's detected, job_setup_exception_port immediately sets it as the host-level EXC_CRASH handler. Because task-level exception ports are inherited from parent processes by their children, this allows ReportCrash to run as the logged-in user for a crash in any process that descends from a user's session, unless overridden by setting a different task-level EXC_CRASH handler. System-level coverage is provided by a ReportCrash instance that runs as root for any other process on the system descended from the root launchd ( init).
To handle user processes not descended from a user's launchd, processes associated with a specific user can set the user's handler themselves. login does this to provide user-level coverage of terminal logins via SSH, for example. Finally, to avoid the deadlock problem that would otherwise arise, crashes in the user-level process itself are addressed by a distinct user-level instance of ReportCrash operating under the service name.
In the pre-10.5, pre-EXC_CRASH days,


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BY: SUN STAFF
Brahma Sarovar Temple
Dec 10, CANADA (SUN) Brahma Sarovar is one of the holiest water tanks in all of Kurukshetra. Located in the in Thanesar area, this is the place where Lord Brahma conceived the earth planet. It is also said that Lord Brahma created the entire universe from the land of Kurukshetra, after performing a large yajna. Thus, Brahma Sarovar is considered to be the cradle of civilisation. The Sarovar itself is understood to represent the naval of Lord Brahma.
The Sarovar itself is 3,600 x 1,500 feet in size. Taking bath here in the sacred waters will result in the same pious credits as performing 'Ashvamedha Yajna'. Pilgrims flock here in especially large numbers to bathe on days of solar eclipse. Krsna, Balarama, and Subhadra came here to bathe during a solar eclipse, and the Kauravas and Pandavas also came here to take holy bath.
Brahma Sarovar is also the dhama of Lord Mahadev. There is a small lotus-shaped temple built within the lake, which is linked to outer sides by a small bridge. Sarveshwar Mahadev temple faces the entrance to the Sarovar. In the middle of the tank are various islands housing other temples and important shrines. Arched enclosures along the way provide shade and protection for pilgrims, and for the sadhus who congregate here to perform austerities and meditate.
During several weeks in the summer, some 500,000 people per day come to Brahma Sarovar. During winter, migratory birds from far off places also visit this holy tank. In late November, early December, deepa daan (floating lamps on the water) and aarti ceremonies are conducted here on Gita Jayanti, with great devotional fervor.
Entrance to Brahma Sarovar Lake
During the Kurukshetra Festival, for an entire week saintly persons come here to engage in Bhagwat Katha. The devotees come to Kurukshetra (Dharmakshetra) and recite Bhagavad-gita from early morning until the next morning, perform arati to Bhagavad-gita and to Krishna and Arjuna upon the chariot, offer lamps 'deep daan' at Brahma Sarovar, offer sloka recitals, shobha yatras and seminars on the significance of Bhagavad-gita today.
In the 11th century memoirs of Al Beruni, called Kitab-ul-Hind, the author mentioned the Brahma Sarovar tank. Having fallen into disrepair over the years, the tank is said to have been excavated by King Kuru, sometime before the battle of Kurukshetra. In more recent years, the Brahma Sarovar has been renovated, and now offers modern facilities to pilgrims.
Panorama view of Brahma Sarovar
[ Click to enlarge the image in new window]


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Sallen Key Circuit for High Pass Chebyshev
The applet on this page uses 2nd and 3rd order Sallen Key circuits to construct HP Chebyshev Filters with orders 2 to 9.
Even order filters 2, 4, 6, 8 can be constructed from 1, 2,
3, 4 second order sections. Odd order filters 5, 7, 9 can
be constructed from 1 third order and 1, 2, 3 second
The applet calculates normalized and denormalized components
and illustrates the magnitude and phase error introduced when any of the components are out by ± 20%.
The Circuits used are shown above.
Normalized circuit components are calculated by first calculating
LP normalized values then replacing each resistor with resistance R
ohms with a capacitor
= 1/R Farads and each capacitor of C Farads with a resistor of
In the applet below, the filter shown is determined by Fn which is
set by scrollbar (0). Fn = 1 to 8 shows filters with orders 2 to 9.
The normalized component values are shown by the green text on the applet.
The denormalized component values are calculated from the normalized
values, the 3dB frequency set by scrollbars(38, 39 and 40) and
the impedance scaling factor set by scrollbars(41 and 42).
Denormalized component values are shown by the yellow text on the
Scrollbars 11 to 30 are used to show the effect that inaccuracies
in the component values can have on the circuit transfer function.
The green text at the top show which component are affected by
which scrollbar. eg R1 is changed by scrollbar (11) and C1 by
scrollbar(21). The % change from the correct value is shown for each component.
Scrollbars (45 to 48) are used to change the gain of the
error and T/F phase and magnitude.
The Image below shows a 8th order 0.5dB Ripple filter (Fn = 7) implemented
with 3 sections and 3 opamps(8 resistors and
8 capacitors). Normalized
components are shown in green at the top and denormalized
components are shown in yellow at the bottom. In this case,
the 3dB frequency is 100Hz and the Impedance scaling factor
Pink and Cyan plots show the magnitude and phase error
introduced when the capacitor C1 in section 1 is 20%
larger than its correct value. 20% change is shown in the
normalized components at the top but does not affect the
denormalized components at the bottom.
Numerical values of the errors can be seen at the bottom by using scrollbar 43 to move the white line.
Return to main page
Return to page index
COPYRIGHT © 2010 Cuthbert Nyack.


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Core Self-Evaluations and the Hierarchical Model of Approach/Avoidance Motivation
MetadataShow full item record
In the current dissertation I examined the relation between a new personality trait, core self-evaluations (CSE), and job performance, using the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation as a theoretical framework. The hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation proposes that the effects of distal personality traits on performance outcomes are mediated through mid-range approach and avoidance motivational mechanisms. However, some controversy exists surrounding whether CSE is best conceptualized as an antecedent of approach or avoidance motivation. As such, prior to examining the CSE-performance relation, I examined whether CSE is best conceptualized as an indicator of approach or avoidance temperament. In Study 1, using confirmatory factor analysis, I demonstrated that mean CSE scores loaded more strongly on a latent avoidance temperament factor than on a latent approach temperament factor. Study 2 provided further evidence for the avoidance nature of CSE by examining the relation between CSE and a motivational construct: achievement goal orientations. In particular, using structural equation modeling, CSE was negatively related to performance-approach, performance-avoid, and mastery-avoid achievement goal orientations, and unrelated to a mastery-approach goal orientation. Such a pattern of results is consistent with the relation between achievement goal orientations and other indicators of avoidance temperament. Having demonstrated that CSE is best conceptualized as an indicator of avoidance temperament, in Study 3 I used the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation as a framework for examining the relation between CSE and job performance. The results indicated that the effect of CSE on job performance was mediated through avoidance, but not approach, goals. The results of the three studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the conceptualization of CSE. As well, the application of the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation framework to organizational behavior is discussed.
Cite this work
Douglas Lance Ferris (2008). Core Self-Evaluations and the Hierarchical Model of Approach/Avoidance Motivation. UWSpace. _URL_


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When one substance is dissolved into another, a solution is formed. This is opposed to the situation when the compounds are insoluble and one of them precipitate like sand in water. In solution, all of the ingredients are uniformly distributed. No residue is left in the bottom. The mixing is referred to as miscibility, whereas the ability to dissolve one compound into another is known as solubility. However, in addition to mixing, both substances in the solution interact with each other. When something is dissolved, molecules of the solvent arrange themselves around molecules of the solute.
So, the answer to your question, "a substance that dissolves into another substance is what?", it is a solute. The substance that it dissolves into is the solvent. Together they make a solution.