Pivot Filtering with Cell Selection and VBA
This post looks at applying data filters in Excel workbooks with sheet 'click' functionality for filtering. The purpose of this is to provide a rich user experience for reporting within Excel. With these types of reports, you present some data in a pivot which is used to as a source filter for other parts of your report (or worksheet). Consider the situation below; when you click on one of the country names in the pivot, the chart is automatically updated to filter for that country. Clicking on any other area of the pivot removes any chart filter.
Why would you do this?
Monthly reporting workbooks are often treated as report packs and designed in lieu of an enterprise reporting system. Even where such an enterprise reporting system are in-place, the reporting environments are usually not flexible enough to provide the business what they need for monthly reporting and so the workbooks are bundled together in Excel. These workbooks can be extended to have highly interactive functionality that mimics high-end reporting tools.
While you could achieve these results with a slicer, the automation of the action may provide a nicer experience for the user because it removes the slicer clutter from the page and allows a direct association with the data being investigated.
How to Do IT
Achieving this functionality is conceptually pretty simple (and soon programmatically simple too J), all we need to do is;
 1. Listen for changes in the cell position on a worksheet.
 2. When a change is detected, we check that the change was to our source pivot
 3. Determine the filter value (ie what value was clicked in the pivot) … and
 4. Apply that value to the slicer for the chart.
These items are now discussed individually.
Work Book Setup
In this example, I am using an Adventure Works connection with a pivot table and pivot chart. The pivot table (the one you click a cell on) is called 'country_sales'. This uses the customer.country hierarchy from adventure works. The pivot chart has a slicer linked to it (and the name of the slicer is 'Slicer_Counrty'). Note that the same hierarchy must be used for both the slicer and pivot table.
Listening for changes in the worksheet
Each worksheet has its own code module with defined events. An event is a subroutine that is 'inbuilt' into Excel and fired when something happens in Excel (for example, when the user changes the active cell). You can see the worksheets module by double clicking the sheet in the project explorer or with a right-click and 'View Code' and see the events by selecting them from the dropdown (as shown below).
When you do this (and choose the event SelectionChange), you'll see the following subroutine added to your module
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
End Sub
Now, that this has been added, this procedure will fire every time you change selection cells on Sheet1. It also may be worthwhile to note that the Target parameter refers to the range of cells that's selected (as part of the selection). Because you can select more than 1 cell, we want to check for single cell selection so we simply exit the sub if there is more than on cell in the range.
If (Target.Cells.Count <> 1) Then Exit Sub
Detecting the Source Pivot and the Active Cell Value
There are some pretty handy functions to determine if the active cell relates to a pivot table, and if it does, that the member name is and what its value is. These relate to the activecell and are the properties
Thus, in order to determine what the name of a pivot table for the active cell we would simply write;
Dim source_pivot_name As String
source_pivot_name = ActiveCell.PivotTable.Name
The name (MDX value) of a column could be determined by ActiveCell.PivotItem.Name
and the (MDX) name of the attribute
determined by ActiveCell.PivotField.Name
For example, if I click on the France 'country columns' in my pivot table, I would get the following values.
ActiveCell.PivotTable.Name "country_sales"
ActiveCell.PivotField.Name "[Customer].[Country].[Country]"
ActiveCell.PivotItem.Name "[Customer].[Country].&[France]"
Note that the pivot values references are to the object model (ie the Pivot object). If the cell your referring to (the activecell) is not part of a pivot table, you'll get an error. This is pretty easy to catch with some error trapping (see final code).
Assuming that the user clicked on a cell in the pivot (I will leave the checks for the final code) we have all the values that we need and can then set the slicer.
Applying the filter to the Slicer
I have discussed applying how to apply slicer value in VBA in this post. For brevity, I'll just include the essential items. We simply make a reference to the slicer (SlicerCache) and set its value.
Dim sC As SlicerCache
Set sC = ActiveWorkbook.SlicerCaches("Slicer_Country")
sC.VisibleSlicerItemsList = Array(ActiveCell.PivotItem.Name)
If I want to remove the slicers current filter (when no 'country is needed), I can do that with this code;
Complete Code
The following code demonstrates the complete solution. I have included updating the 'title' of the chart and error traps to determine if a 'non country' part of the pivot was chosen.
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
 If (Target.Cells.Count <> 1) Then Exit Sub
 Dim source_pivot_name As String
 source_pivot_name = ""
 Dim source_field As String
 source_field = ""
 Dim source_attribute As String
 source_attribute = ""
 Dim sC As SlicerCache
 Set sC = ActiveWorkbook.SlicerCaches("Slicer_Country")
 On Error GoTo continue
 'try and get the active cells pivot table name
source_pivot_name = ActiveCell.PivotTable.Name
'we can only apply a filter if we are on our 'selection pivot'
If source_pivot_name = "country_sales" Then
 'note the name must go first so we can check for a 'Row Labels' Position
On Error GoTo continue2
source_attribute = ActiveCell.PivotField.Name
On Error GoTo continue3
source_field = ActiveCell.PivotItem.Name
'check we have the correct source
If (Len(source_attribute) > 10 And Left(source_attribute, 10) = "[Measures]") Or _
(source_field = "" And source_attribute = "[Customer].[Country].[Country]") Then
'set to all
Sheet1.Cells(11, 4) = "Category Sales for All Areas"
sC.VisibleSlicerItemsList = Array(source_field)
Sheet1.Cells(11, 4) = "Category Sales for " & ActiveCell.Value
End If
 End If
End Sub
Adding some interactive functionality to a pivot is a pretty simple exercise which relates to the identification of a cell value and, in turn setting a slicer. This improves the end user experience for excel reporting books.
Viva Excel and black IT J. A little cheeky!
A Different Approach to Self-Service?
Managing Connections In Power Pivot
Demonstrations that show importing data into Power Pivot do this from database icon in the home window (as identified below). However, once data is in your model and you wish to add new tables it is wiser to reuse the existing connection rather than create a new connection for each import. Each time that table(s) are added by this dialogue, a new connection is created within the model with multiple connections possible referring to the same source. For model simplicity, it is better to have a single connection referring to a single data source.
Standards for Import
The standard method importing data into Power Pivot is to use the import from database icon as shown in the diagram below (when a database is being used). This utility has features that allow you to detect relationships between tables and may suffice from two models. That is, when there are no existing tables and the model.
What this utility does is create a new connection to the data source each time the Wizard is invoked. Consider for example, an existing model that has the product table from Adventure Works imported. The initial import did not include the ProductCategory and ProductSubCateogory table. Naturally, we would want to include this in the model.
If we use this Wizard to reimport the tables, a new connection is set up. This connection is associated with the two new tables. We can see this by selecting the "Existing Connections" icon in the design.
Note that there are two connections in the model (as below) which was caused by the "re-import"of data once the initial population of the model had occurred.
Altering an Existing Connection
We can add data to the existing model and reuse an existing connection at the same time. If we wish to do this you simply reopen the existing connections properties and append tables (or add a query). Click the 'Open' button from the dialogue and select either the 'Select from a list of tables…' or 'Write a query that will….'.
This will append any new tables to the model utilising existing connection.
Perhaps the main reason for reusing the connection is that it keeps the model succinct and manageable. Once a table has been imported through a connection the connection properties for that table cannot be changed without first deleting all the tables using the connection.


How to freeze cookies
How to freeze cookies
For all the cookie lovers out there who want to enjoy a batch of cookies over a longer period of time this information is vital. Which cookies can be frozen and to what details should you pay extra attention. This is vital to the preservation of the smell, taste and structure of the cookie. Today we will enlighten you on the topic of freezing cookies!
What kinds of cookies can be frozen?
The freezer can be your best friend, but also your worst if you decide to freeze the wrong kind of cookie. So, what are the wrong kind of cookies? What are their characteristics, types of ingredients, etc?
The first thing you have got to realize is the following; cookies that are decorated, with frosting, chocolate or (powdered) sugar, cannot be frozen. They are an absolute no-no. The same goes for some delicate cookies, for instance peppermint meringues or chocolate almond pizzelles.
Cookies that are not delicate or do not have any decoration yet can be frozen pretty much always! Some types of cookie do use some of their character in the freezer, but that's not an issue. This can be corrected really easily, just revitalize them with a short stint in the oven.
Freezing cookie doughs?
If you are considering freezing your cookie dough there are also a number of things to keep in mind. But no worries, most cookie doughs can be frozen really easily. The only doughs that cannot be frozen are the ones with a thin batter. They tend to lose quality in the freezer. Preserving thin batter doughs in the freezer can still be done though, just bake them first and freeze the cookies. This way you can freeze these cookies as well!
To sum things up, freezing batters is usually fine. Thin batters doughs cannot be frozen, just bake them first and freeze the cookies.
How to freeze your dough?
Cookie doughs can be frozen in a variety of ways, depending on the type of dough.
Drop Cookies dough can be frozen in one big lump or into smaller balls, we do recommend to freeze the drop cookie dough in smaller balls, this makes baking them off later much more easy.
Icebox cookie dough has to be frozen differently. It should be rolled into a log, wrapped in plastic or in wax paper and also sealed in a (zipped) bag.
How to freeze cookies
The freezing of cookies is not that hard. But still, to make sure they keep their shape, structure, taste and smell you need to follow a couple rules.
You have baked your cookie and you want to freeze them, here are the steps you follow to optimally preserve the cookie:
1. Let the cookies cool off
2. Place the cookie on a completely flat surface, like a sheet pan. Don't stack them on top of each other. Place the sheet pan in your freezer and let the cookies freeze. This step is all about maintaining the shape of the cookie. They are not frozen yet and might bend slightly. This is why they should not be stacked and should be placed on a flat surface.
3. The cookies are now still in shape and frozen, this means they can now be stored in the freezer in a different way. You can preserve the cookies in a flat-bottomed and airtight container, but do separate the layers of cookies with either parchment paper or waxed paper.
Using frozen cookies
Of course nobody likes to eat a cold and rock hard cookie. That is why you should, after taking the cookies out of the freezer, let them first come to room temperature. And do not be fooled by the outside of the cookie, it might feel as if the cookie is warm enough, but the inside might still be frozen solid. Also, thin cookies adapt to the temperature around them much, much faster than thicker cookies.
Once your cookies have warmed up and are de-frozen you can do as you like, decorate or serve them!
Tip: If your cookie has lost some of it's taste or structure after being frozen, you can refresh the cookies in the oven. 160 ºC for 5 to 10 minutes should do the trick!
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The piovdc library for writing Vapor Data Collection (VDC) 2 data files _URL_
The piovdc library is used to write VDC2 data files in a parallel manner using PIO. After the prerequisite library functions are used, a call to pio_writedarray is made, writing the passed data to an on disk VDC2 collection.
VDF meta-file must be generated, using either rawtovdf or vdfcreate if advanced features (wavelet type, compression ratios, or boundary type) are needed VDF file requires VDC version to be 2, and requires the Waveletname, WaveletBoundaryMode, CompressionRations, and NumTransforms to be set.
After a successful write, VDC2 data will be in a directory located in the same directory as the vdf file, using the vdf name, appended with _data (ex. ghost.vdf generates VDC2 data in the dir ghost_data in the vdf dir) If no compression is enabled, a single, uncompressed file will be generated using PIO instead of a VDC

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
NRG says the system differs from Scada systems, which use sensors to detect component faults but often require trained maintenance staff to understand the data. TurbinePhD instead uses digital signal-processing techniques to detect component wear before a fault develops. Sensors with embedded processors use algorithms to diagnose problems and then transmit data to a secure website.
"Our system borrows technology from the aerospace industry to diagnose early-stage wear - months in advance of a fault - and then to accurately estimate the remaining useful life of each component," said Eric Bechhoefer, chief engineer at NRG Systems. "We also eliminate the need for a diagnostic engineer by integrating data into a single, readily understandable health indicator for each component. The data can be read and acted upon by anyone."
NRG says the system integrates multiple condition indicators into this single health indicator, eliminating the need for the engineering interpretation required by traditional systems. These indicators are accessible online, along with all of the data supporting the diagnosis. The product, which is currently in beta testing, is set to be launched in the summer.
The news came as NRG chief executive Jan Blittersdorf was recognised by the US White House as one of 10 Champions of Change for renewable energy.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Medical Term:
Pronunciation: klōr-ō′sis
Definition: Rarely used term for a form of chronic hypochromic microcytic (iron deficiency) anemia, characterized by a great reduction in hemoglobin out of proportion to the decreased number of red blood cells; observed chiefly in females from puberty to the third decade and usually associated with diets deficient in iron and protein.
Synonym(s): asiderotic anemia, chloremia1, chloroanemia, chlorotic anemia, green sickness
[chloro- + G. -osis, condition]


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Simplified Internal arc - Structural simulation
Paper i proceeding, 2011
The impact of pressure rise due to an internal arc (IA) event on the structure of a switchgear cubicle is of great importance for a safe design. Switchgear panels are designed for withstanding an internal arc incident as per the testing conditions defined by IEC 62271-200 standard. This paper reports on a calculation procedure employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural finite element method (S-FEM). The approach is targeting a reduced numerical complexity, straight forward modelling, and stressing as little assumptions as possible. In the proposed method, time varying electric power is used as input along with other parameters for solving mass, momentum and energy equations by CFD. The peak pressure and rise time delivered by transient CFD simulation is needed to perform structural simulation. The structural calculation is performed using dynamic load factor.


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{{Infobox UK Legislation
{{Infobox UK Legislation
|short_title=Sexual Offences Act 1985
|short_title=Sexual Offences Act 1985
Latest revision as of 23:47, 24 December 2010
Sexual Offences Act 1985
United Kingdom Parliament
Long title: An Act to make, as respects England and Wales, provision for penalising in certain circumstances the soliciting of women for sexual purposes by men, and to increase the penalties under the Sexual Offences Act 1956 for certain offences against women.
Statute book chapter: 1956 c. 44
Territorial extent: England and Wales
Royal Assent: 16 July 1985
Commencement: 16 September 1985
Status: Current legislation
Text of statute as originally enacted
The Sexual Offences Act 1985 (c.44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created two offences concerning prostitution, and increased the maximum sentence for attempted rape from 7 years to life imprisonment.
The new offences were kerb crawling and persistently soliciting women for the purposes of prostitution. In 1991 the Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Sir Allan Green KCB QC, was arrested for an offence under this Act and had to resign.[1]
The kerb crawling and soliciting offences, and related provisions, are still in force, but the other provisions of the Act were repealed by the Sexual Offences Act 2003.[2]
References and external link
 1. BBC News website
 2. Sexual Offences Act 2003, Schedule 7
See also


"bosh" Definition
 1. nonsense, stupidity.—_Gipsy_ and _Persian_. Also pure _Turkish_, BOSH LAKERDI, empty talk. The term was used in this country as early as 1760, and may be found in the _Student_, vol. ii. p. 217. It has been suggested, with what reason the reader must judge for himself, that this colloquial expression is from the _German_ BOSH, or BOSSCH, answering to our word "swipes."
 2. a fiddle. This is a _Gipsy_ term, and so the exclamations "Bosh!" and "Fiddle-de-dee!" may have some remote connexion.
More About bosh
Position in the dictionary: 299 of 4022 slang words.
Next words in the dictionary: bosh-faker, bosky, bosman, boss-eyed, bostruchyzer, botany bay, bother, botheration!, bottle-holder, bottom
Previous words in the dictionary: bos-ken, bore, boozy, boozing-ken, booze, boon-companion, boom-passenger, boom, books, bookmaker's pocket
The Slang Dictionary's Entry for bosh
Read The Slang Dictionary's historical definition of the slang word "bosh" on this page. Also learn other useful information about "bosh", including the position in the dictionary and the next and previous terms to be discovered.


to have existential import with respect to that term. In particular, a universal statement of the form All A is B has existential import with respect to A if All A is B is false when there are no As.
The following problems arise[original research?]:
(a) In natural language and normal use, which statements of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B and Some A is not B have existential import and with respect to which terms?
(b) In the four forms of categorical statements used in syllogism, which statements of the form AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have existential import and with respect to which terms?
(c) What existential imports must the forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have for the square of opposition be valid?
(d) What existential imports must the forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have to preserve the validity of the traditionally valid forms of syllogisms?
(e) Are the existential imports required to satisfy (d) above such that the normal uses in natural languages of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B and Some A is not B are intuitively and fairly reflected by the categorical statements of forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB?
For example, if it is accepted that AiB is false if there are no As and AaB entails AiB, then AiB has existential import with respect to A, and so does AaB. Further, if it is accepted that AiB entails BiA, then AiB and AaB have existential import with respect to B as well. Similarly, if AoB is false if there are no As, and AeB entails AoB, and AeB entails BeA (which in turn entails BoA) then both AeB and AoB have existential import with respect to both A and B. It follows immediately that all universal categorical statements have existential import with respect to both terms. If AaB and AeB is a fair representation of the use of statements in normal natural language of All A is B and No A is B respectively, then the following example consequences arise:
"All flying horses are mythological" is false if there are no flying horses.
If "No men are fire-eating rabbits" is true, then "There are fire-eating rabbits" is true.
and so on.
If it is ruled that no universal statement has existential import then the square of opposition fails in several respects (e.g. AaB does not entail AiB) and a number of syllogisms are no longer valid (e.g. BaC,AaB->AiC).
These problems and paradoxes arise in both natural language statements and statements in syllogism form because of ambiguity, in particular ambiguity with respect to All.[citation needed] If "Fred claims all his books were Pulitzer Prize winners", is Fred claiming that he wrote any books? If not, then is what he claims true? Suppose Jane says none of her friends are poor; is that true if she has no friends?
The first-order predicate calculus avoids such ambiguity by using formulae that carry no existential import with respect to universal statements. Existential claims must be explicitly stated. Thus, natural language statements—of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B, and Some A is not B—can be represented in first order predicate calculus in which any existential import with respect to terms A and/or B is either explicit or not made at all. Consequently, the four forms AaB, AeB, AiB, and AoB can be represented in first order predicate in every combination of existential import—so it can establish which construal, if any, preserves the square of opposition and the validly of the traditionally valid syllogism. Strawson claims such a construal is possible, but the results are such that, in his view, the answer to question (e) above is no.
Syllogism in the history of logic[edit]
Main article: History of Logic
The Aristotelian syllogism dominated Western philosophical thought for many centuries. In the 17th century, Sir Francis Bacon rejected the idea of syllogism as being the best way to draw conclusions in nature.[10] Instead, Bacon proposed a more inductive approach to the observation of nature, which involves experimentation and leads to discovering and building on axioms to create a more general conclusion.[10]
In the 19th Century, modifications to syllogism were incorporated to deal with disjunctive ("A or B") and conditional ("if A then B") statements. Kant famously claimed, in Logic (1800), that logic was the one completed science, and that Aristotelian logic more or less included everything about logic there was to know. (This work is not necessarily representative of Kant's mature philosophy, which is often regarded as an innovation to logic itself.) Though there were alternative systems of logic such as Avicennian logic or Indian logic elsewhere,[citation needed] Kant's opinion stood unchallenged in the West until 1879 when Frege published his Begriffsschrift (Concept Script). This introduced a calculus, a method of representing categorical statements — and statements that are not provided for in syllogism as well — by the use of quantifiers and variables.
This led to the rapid development of sentential logic and first-order predicate logic, subsuming syllogistic reasoning, which was, therefore, after 2000 years, suddenly considered obsolete by many.[original research?] The Aristotelian system is explicated in modern fora of academia primarily in introductory material and historical study.
One notable exception to this modern relegation is the continued application of Aristotelian logic by officials of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota, which still requires that arguments crafted by Advocates be presented in syllogistic format.
Boole's acceptance of Aristotle[edit]
George Boole's unwavering acceptance of Aristotle's logic is emphasized by the historian of logic John Corcoran in an accessible introduction to Laws of Thought.[11] Corcoran also wrote a point-by-point comparison of Prior Analytics and Laws of Thought.[12] According to Corcoran, Boole fully accepted and endorsed Aristotle's logic. Boole's goals were "to go under, over, and beyond" Aristotle's logic by 1) providing it with mathematical foundations involving equations, 2) extending the class of problems it could treat—solving equations was added to assessing validity, and 3) expanding the range of applications it could handle—e.g. from propositions having only two terms to those having arbitrarily many.
More specifically, Boole agreed with what Aristotle said; Boole's 'disagreements', if they might be called that, concern what Aristotle did not say. First, in the realm of foundations, Boole reduced Aristotle's four propositional forms to one form, the form of equations—by itself a revolutionary idea. Second, in the realm of logic's problems, Boole's addition of equation solving to logic—another revolutionary idea—involved Boole's doctrine that Aristotle's rules of inference (the "perfect syllogisms") must be supplemented by rules for equation solving. Third, in the realm of applications, Boole's system could handle multi-term propositions and arguments whereas Aristotle could handle only two-termed subject-predicate propositions and arguments. For example, Aristotle's system could not deduce "No quadrangle that is a square is a rectangle that is a rhombus" from "No square that is a quadrangle is a rhombus that is a rectangle" or from "No rhombus that is a rectangle is a square that is a quadrangle".
Syllogistic fallacies[edit]
People often make mistakes when reasoning syllogistically.[13]
For instance, from the premises some A are B, some B are C, people tend to come to a definitive conclusion that therefore some A are C.[14][15] However, this does not follow according to the rules of classical logic. For instance, while some cats (A) are black things (B), and some black things (B) are televisions (C), it does not follow from the parameters that some cats (A) are televisions (C). This is because in the structure of the syllogism invoked (i.e. III-1) the middle term is not distributed in either the major premise or in the minor premise a pattern called the "fallacy of the undistributed middle".
Determining the validity of a syllogism involves determining the distribution of each term in each statement, meaning whether all members of that term are accounted for.
In simple syllogistic patterns, the fallacies of invalid patterns are:
 - Undistributed middle: Neither of the premises accounts for all members of the middle term, which consequently fails to link the major and minor term.
 - Illicit treatment of the major term: The conclusion implicates all members of the major term (P — meaning the proposition is negative); however, the major premise does not account for them all (i.e., P is either an affirmative predicate or a particular subject there).
 - Illicit treatment of the minor term: Same as above, but for the minor term (S — meaning the proposition is universal) and minor premise (where S is either a particular subject or an affirmative predicate).
 - Exclusive premises: Both premises are negative, meaning no link is established between the major and minor terms.
 - Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise: If either


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AISB opportunities Bulletin Item
PhD Studentship: Semantic Distance Learning For Face/Person Recognition
PhD Studentship: Semantic Distance Learning For Face/Person Recognition The Computer Vision group of the University of Caen (France) and the LEAR group at INRIA Grenoble, Rhone-Alpes (France) are looking for a PhD student. The candidate will be jointly supervised and will spend time in both institutions (_URL_ ; _URL_ Topic: Face and person recognition is one of the important problems in computer vision and is required for a large number of applications. However, despite the effort of the community, face/person recognition is still a challenging problem: the same person can look very differently according to his posture or clothing, while the difference between two different persons can be small. The goal of this project is to develop algorithms for quickly browsing huge collections of faces/persons. The key issue is to learn distance functions from the training data, which embed semantic information. This semantic information allows to select face/person features (clothing, hair color, etc.) to explore the face database. This research will build on the paper "Randomized Clustering Forests for Image Classification", by F Moosmann, E Nowak and F Jurie, PAMI 2008. Start date: As soon as possible. Location: The student will be located at the Computer Vision group at the University of Caen, but will spend approximately a quarter of his time at the INRIA Grenoble research center. Contacts: Prof. Frederic Jurie, _EMAIL_ Res. Dir. Cordelia Schmid, _EMAIL_ Profile: * Masters degree (preferably in Computer Science or Applied Mathematics; Electrical Engineering will also be considered) * Solid programming skills; the project involves programming in Matlab and C++ * Solid mathematics knowledge (especially linear algebra and statistics) * Creative and highly motivated * Fluent in English, both written and spoken * Prior knowledge in the areas of computer vision, machine learning or data mining is a plus (ideally a Master thesis in a related field) Please send applications via email, including: * a complete CV * graduation marks as well as rank * topic of your Master thesis * the name and email address of three references (including your Master thesis supervisor) * if you already have research experience, please include a publication list and references Applications should be sent to Frederic Jurie (_EMAIL_) and Cordelia Schmid (_EMAIL_). Applicants can be asked to do a short assignment in order to demonstrate their research abilities.


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An improved computer modeling program was used to calculate the saturation indexes of 50 waters from the Beaver basin in west-central Utah with respect to uraninite and coffinite. The mineral-solution study showed that the chemical environment of parts of the Beaver basin is favorable for the occurrence of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The ground waters from several areas are supersaturated with respect to uraninite and coffinite. Two areas, in particular, an area west of the town of Beaver and an area near the settlement of Manderfield, have been identified as most favorable for exploration. The methods described in this study can be utilized to evaluate waters from wells and exploration drill holes as indicators of proximity to possible sandstone-type uranium deposits in other alluvial basins in the western United States.
Miller, W. R.; McHugh, J. B.; and U.S. Geological Survey, "Application of Mineral-Solution Equilibria to the Search for Sanstone-Type Uranium Deposits in the Beaver Basin, Utah" (1981). All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository). Paper 559.


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There have been many ideas about what the word "Spam" means. The Hormel Foods Corporation once said that it means "Shoulder of Pork and Ham"[source?], but in some dictionaries "Spam" means "spiced ham". Members of staff at the SPAM museum say it stands for Specially Produced American Meat. In 2019, Spam began making advertisements containing the definition "Sizzle Pork And Mmmm".
Spam was used a lot in World War II, as there wasn't proper meat. Because of that, spam was used as a rationed item.
Jokes about Spam[change | change source]
- The British comedy group Monty Python created a short play about Spam in 1970. In it, a lady who does not like Spam is talking to a waitress in a restaurant when a bunch of Vikings cut their conversation by singing the word "Spam" over and over again. The lady does not like what is happening and eventually the word "Spam" became widely used to mean unwanted email messages.
- There is also a song called Spam. It was sung by Weird Al Yankovic and first recorded in 1988.


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Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for yellow birch in the NortheastAuthor(s): Frederick E. Hampf
Source: Forest Research Note NE-45. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Publication Series: Forest Research Note
Station: Northeastern Research Station
PDF: View PDF (255.6 KB)
DescriptionThis is the fourth report on a series of studies to show the relationship of stump diameter to diameter breast high (d.b.h.) for commercially important tree species in the Northeast. This report is for yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis).
- Check the Northern Research Station web site to request a printed copy of this publication.
- Our on-line publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat.
- During the capture process some typographical errors may occur.
- Please contact Sharon Hobrla, _EMAIL_ if you notice any errors which make this publication unusable.
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
CitationHampf, Frederick E. 1955. Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for yellow birch in the Northeast. Forest Research Note NE-45. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
- Silvical characteristics of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
- Rooting greenwood cuttings of yellow birch
- Development of yellow birch nursery stock not affected by transplanting
XML: View XML


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The first step in effective review is to build awareness, and the key to this step is to grasp the big and let go of the small. With so many things happening, it is impossible for everything to be important. These important processes need to be restored to form cognition.
The second step of effective review is correct attribution. Correct understanding and absolutely correct attribution does not exist. We are pursuing attributions with a higher recurrence rate. An attribution that is repeated 100 times can get 90 times. It is more correct than an attribution that can only get the expected result 40 times repeated 100 times.
The third step of an effective review is the second decision. The second decision is what you would do if you were asked to do it all over again. The second decision is a major watershed, which is the core that leads people to experience similar things, but the final achievements are very different.
When successful, people are often willing to attribute success to themselves, when failure, people are often willing to attribute failure to others and objective conditions. Real masters often think that when they succeed, they think that it is mainly due to external factors such as the right time and place, but when they fail, they often find reasons from themselves.
有效复盘 有效复盘的第一步是构建认知，这一步的要诀是抓大放小。 发生了那么多事情，不可能每一件都重要，需要把这些重要的过程还原出来，形成认知。 有效复盘的第二步是正确归因，正确理解，绝对正确的归因是不存在的，我们追求的是更高复现率的归因，一个重复100次的能获得90次的归因要比一个重复100次只能得到40次预期结果的归因更正确。 效复盘的第三步是二次决策，二次决策就是如果让你重新来一遍你会怎么做. 二次决策就是一个重大分水岭，是导致人们经历了类似的事情，最终成就却千差万别的核心环节。 当成功时，人们往往愿意把成功归因在自己身上，当失败时，人们往往愿意吧失败归因在他人和客观条件上。 真正的高手往往成功时认为主要是天时地利任何等外部因素，反而他们在失败的时候，多从自己身上找原因。


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Ziv, Guy. Why Hawks Become Doves: Shimon Peres and Foreign Policy Change in Israel. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2014.
Why do hawkish leaders change course to pursue dovish policies? In Why Hawks Become Doves, Guy Ziv argues that conventional international relations theory is inadequate for explaining these momentous foreign policy shifts, because it underestimates the importance of leaders and their personalities. Applying insights from cognitive psychology, Ziv argues that decision-makers' cognitive structure—specifically, their levels of cognitive openness and complexity—is a critical causal variable in determining their propensity to revise their beliefs and pursue new policies. To illustrate his point, he examines Israeli statesman Shimon Peres. Beginning his political career as a tough-minded security hawk, Peres emerged as one of the Middle East's foremost champions of Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Drawing on a vast range of sources, including interviews with Peres and dozens of other political elites, archival research, biographies, and memoirs, Ziv finds that Peres's highly open and complex cognitive structure facilitated a quicker and more profound dovish shift on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict than his less cognitively open and complex rivals.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: An Individual Level Explanation of Foreign Policy Change
2. Assessing Cognitive Structure: A Comparison of Four Israeli Prime Ministers
3. Peres: The Hawkish Years (1953–1977)
4. Peres's Dovish Turn, Phase I (1977–1987)
5. Pere's Dovish Turn, Phase II (1987–1997)


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Family names that have graves marked by tombstones in Hamilton Cemetery are Brittain, Hamilton, Hancock, Helton, Long, and Withers. The oldest tombstone belongs to Elizabeth Hancock, wife of G. Hancock, who died 3 May 1860. The newest stones are those of Charles Edgar Long and James E. Long, both sons of William Columbus and Mary N. Long. The twin brothers both passed away October 9th, 1905, at the age of 9 years. They are buried near their mother, Mary, who preceded them in death in 1897 when they were less than a year old. J.H.O. Hamilton, a Veteran of both the Civil War and the Mexican War was buried here in 1879.
Township 37-Range 11-Section 27


image description
The tuff caves and the gardens
The tuff caves and "the pirriatura" (the stone cutters)
For the past ten years in the centre of Favignana, an extraordinary stone, improperly called tuff, had been extracted from the cave. It is calcarenite, a porous white concentrated calcium stone, used in particular for building constructions. This stone as well as the production of "cantuna", tuff bricks shaped as parallelepiped, had represented a most ancient activity of the Island. This activity was so intensive that the morphologic aspect of the Island had been modified. It took the shape of an incredible monument, a sort of artistic sculpture that was seen more like a real cathedral than a cave. Also this area had been molded by stone cutters, called pirriatori, who gave life and shape to the tuff stone.
This craftsmanship was hard manual work done with simple artisan tools, but in 1949 the first electric machine began to cut tuff stone. This activity was and still is passed down from generation to generation. With the passing of time the cave of Favignana started to feel the crisis due to the changes in the tuff market. The particular location of this cave made it difficult and expensive to extract the tuff so Favignana became less competitive. Consequently, as time went by lots of the caves ceased their activity.
The Ipogei Gardens
The tuff caves not in use anymore were transformed by the islanders into fruit, vegetables and flowers gardens. Thanks to the tall tuff walls which protect plants from the wind, and the pure light of the sun, the islanders have been able to create ideal habitats for the natural green houses, which allow a hot climate in winter and fresh climate in summer. These caves, called "Giardini Ipogei", can be seen along the roads, in which thriving plants and trees like fig, almond, pear, orange and prickly pear grow, with colour and perfumes characterizing this generous land.
The tuff artists
We could say the creator of this form of craftsmanship was surely Rosario Santamaria, known as "U Zu Sarino". He was very acquainted with the tuff stone. His art gallery was in the port of Favignana where the islanders and tourists stopped to watch him while he sculptured head portraits from tuff stone. He died in 1992 but he has left his art in heritage to the local artist.


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- a storm or strong wind from the southwest
- a sailor's waterproof coat or hat of oilskin, canvas, etc.: the hat has a brim that broadens in the back to protect the neck
- A storm or gale blowing from the southwest.
- A waterproof hat of material such as plastic, oilskin, or canvas, with a broad brim behind to protect the neck.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Birching is corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically given on the delinquent's buttocks or back. It was the most common school, home and judicial punishment in Europe up to the 19th century when caning gained increasing popularity.
A birch rod is a bundle of leafless birch twigs bound together, much like a bunch of flowers, to form an implement for whipping.
Today birching is no longer used for judicial punishment, and has also almost completely died out as a corporal punishment for children. In Britain birching as a judicial punishment for young offenders was abolished in 1947, but the Isle of Man (a small island between Britain and Ireland with its own legal system) caused a good deal of controversy by continuing to birch young offenders into the 1970s.
It remains as a nostalgic sadomasochistic practice, mainly in Northern and Eastern Europe.
In Finland and Russia there is also a tradition to strike one's body with soaked birch twigs in the sauna to increase blood circulation. These birch rods, however, don't have their leaves removed and thus there is no pain involved.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Tutorial on how to read and interpret pie charts.
The pie chart below shows the percentages of blood types for a group of 200 people.
a) How many people, in this group, have blood type AB?
b) How many people, in this group, do not have blood type O?
c) How many people, in this group, have blood types A or B?
Solution to Example 1:
a) 19% * 200 = 19 * 200 / 100 = 38 people
b) (100% - 40%) * 200 = 60 * 200 / 100 = 120 people
c) (16% + 25%) * 200 = 41 * 200 / 100 = 82
The pie chart below shows the percentages of types of transportation used by 800 students to come to school.
a) How many students, in the school, come to school by bicycle?
b) How many students do not walk to school?
c) How many students come to school by bus or in a car?
Solution to Example 2:
a) 45% * 800 = 360 students
b) (100% - 15%) * 800 = 680 students
c) (30% + 10%) * 800 = 320 students
The pie chart below shows the percentages of the world population in each continent. The present world population is about 7 billion.
a) How many people live in Africa?
b) How many people do not live in Asia than?
c) How many more people live in North America than in South America?
Solution to Example 3:
a) 15% * 7 = 1.05 billion
b) 7 - 60.4% * 7 = 2.772 billion
c) (7.3% - 6%) * 7 = 91 million
The total area of Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australia is 134 million square kilometers. The pie chart below shows the percentages of each continent.
a) What is the area of Asia?
b) What is the area Europe?
c) How much bigger is Africa than Europe?
Solution to Example 4:
a) 33.2% * 134 = 44.5 million square kilometers
b) 7.5% * 134 = 10.5 million square kilometers
c) (22.3% - 7.5%) * 134 = 19.8 million square kilometers
More references on elementary statistics and probabilities.


Raymond Anthony Holman
Ray Holman was born 22 April 1944, Woodbrook, Trinidad. He began playing steel drums at 13, with the Invaders. A few years later at the age of 16 he began to arrange with Invaders Steel Orchestra and then went on to write his first piece of music "Ray's Saga" at age 17.
In 1964 at the age of 20, he became the youngest person ever to win the solo division of the "ping pong" competition (Liam Teague broke this record in 1992 aged 18).
His reputation as an arranger grew as he led several bands to Panorama victory. This success was partly due to his relentless search to redefine pans musical development.
In 1969 he introduced strumming cellos and guitars to create a new type of rhythm. More solo passages were included in Panorama arrangements and elements of jazz were used to give the music more lyrical lines.
He has been instrumental in influencing arrangers to compose and arrange their own music for the national Panorama competition. It is ironic that Lennox Sharpe, a former member of Starlift, was the first person to win Panorama with his own composition.
As well as being a great steelpan innovator, Ray is a graduate from the University of the West Indies and a teacher of Spanish and History.
In 1988 he was awarded the Hummingbird Silver Medal of Merit by the government of Trinidad and Tobago for his contributions to the culture of the nation. He was also a member of these bands: Starlift, Destination Tokyo, Pandemonium, Exodus, the Hummingbirds, and Phase II Pan Groove.
In 2013, the final year of Panorama in its present format, he took Junior Sammy Group Skiffle to fifth place.


Personalize the display name for dual phone numbers
If your SIM card supports more than one phone number, you can personalize the display name for your phone numbers to help with switching between lines.
 2. Click Device > Advanced System Settings > SIM Card.
 3. Highlight a phone number.
 5. In the Friendly Name field, type a display name for the phone number.
 6. Press the Enter key on the keyboard.


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Brazen (Bronze) Bells
These are the first scary bells we run into in the poem. They are loud fire alarm bells, whose call shatters the calm of the night, filling it with noise and fear and danger. Again, the kind of metal Poe chooses here is important. Instead of being precious and delicate like gold and silver, brass is a hard, tough, everyday kind of metal. We're already a long way from golden harmony.
- Line 38: We mostly just want you to check out the alliteration here. This line repeats the "t" sound over and over again. "The Bells" is packed with examples of this kind of repetition of words and sounds. In this case, we think it gives a feeling of nervous tension to the line. All those hard, stuttery "t" sounds in a row give us a sense of how agitated and chaotic the world is in this moment.
- Line 40: This is another moment when the bells almost seem like people. Instead of just being inanimate objects, sounding an alarm, the bells themselves are filled with fear. They are so scared they are screaming. This technique is called personification.
The last set of bells is made of grim, heavy iron. Can't you just imagine the thudding sound they make when they ring? Poe uses the symbolism of iron to emphasize how lifeless and heavy and cold the world is in this last section. These bells seem to be the kind that toll when someone has died. In other words, we've fallen a long way from those happy little jingling silver bells.
- Line 75: Here the speaker underlines the "melancholy meaning" of the sound of the iron bells. That meaning is associated with death and sadness and pain and fear. It's a good example of alliteration, too. Notice how sad and down-at-the-mouth those words sound: "melancholy meaning" – just hearing them bums us out.


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National Transportation Safety Board
Office of Public Affairs
Washington, DC - The National Transportation Safety Board determined today that the probable cause of the 2007 pipeline rupture near Carmichael, Mississippi was the failure of a weld that caused the pipe to fracture along the longitudinal seam weld, a portion of the upstream girth weld, and portions of the adjacent pipe joints.
On November 1, 2007, a 12-inch diameter pipeline segment operated by Dixie Pipeline Company was transporting liquid propane at about 1,405 pounds per square inch gauge, when it ruptured, releasing about 431,000 gallons of propane, in a rural area near Carmichael, Mississippi. As a result, the propane began to vaporize and form a cloud that expanded over nearby homes. Local emergency responders received calls informing them of the smell of gas and the sighting of white gas. Approximately seven-and-a-half minutes after the rupture, the vapors ignited, creating a fireball. There were two fatalities and several minor injuries.
The accident pipe was manufactured in 1961 using the lowfrequency electric resistance welding (ERW) process for longitudinal seam welds. The majority of ruptures in ERW pipe involve the longitudinal seams. At the time of the accident, no confirmed in-service pipeline ruptures in girth welds had been reported for the entire pipeline since it was installed. Additionally, segments of the accident pipe had been inspected multiple times since 1998, using in-line inspection tools.
As a result of the investigation, the Safety Board issued recommendations to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the Clarke County Board of Supervisors, the American Petroleum Institute, and Dixie Pipeline Company on testing of pipeline, public awareness, and training and drills for 911 personnel.
A summary of the findings of the Board's report is available on the NTSB's website.
NTSB Media Contact:
Terry N. Williams
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent federal agency charged with determining the probable cause
of transportation accidents, promoting transportation safety, and assisting victims of transportation accidents and their families.


The meaning of unsigned
The above quote is from
Could you, especially the meaning of the word unsigned here, rephrase it?
-1 : signed integer
+1 : signed integer
1 : unsigned integer
Thank you.
Basically an unsigned integer can never be negative, so the first bit of the number that is normally reserved to indicate if the number is negative or not can now be used for the number itself, meaning you will be able to represent larger numbers than with signed integers.
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From memory the big difference is the range for small integers:
 1. Signed is -127 to +127
 2. Unsigned 0 to 255
I was just going to say that!
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What you're describing is for TINYINT. It works for all kinds of integers though, as can be seen in da manual.
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Does Isaiah 33:23 Address Israel or Israel's
Bibliotheca Sacra 152 (July-September 1995): 273-78
Harold R. Holmyard III
The prophet Isaiah pronounced five woes beginning in Isaiah 28:1 and concluding in 33:24. The first four woes address Israel, but concerning the fifth woe (33:1-24), commentators disagree as to the addressee in verse 23, which reads, 'Your tackle hangs slack; it cannot hold the base of its mast firmly, nor spread out the sail. Then the prey of an abundant spoil will be divided; the lame will take the plunder.'
Does the ship in verse 23 refer to Israel or Israel's enemy? More than a century ago Delitzsch noted that most commentators believed the floundering ship in this verse represents Israel's enemy. He argued, however, for Drechsler's position that the ship is Israel. More recently Wolf, citing Young, claimed that 'interpreters generally have not identified this ship as the enemy vessel of verse 21 but as Zion.' Oswalt observes that 'most modern commentators consider verse 23a to be intrusive, having come from some oracle like that against Tyre in chapter 34.' Wildberger held that verse 23 broke the connection between verses 22 and 24 'in an intolerable way.' This article seeks to examine the context to defend the older interpretation that the ship depicts Israel's enemy.
The Ship Need Not Be Jerusalem
Drechsler may have viewed the ship in Isaiah 33:23 as Zion because he regarded the water and ships of verse 21 as only metaphors. The enemy was like a powerful yet failing ship. By contrast, an unfit yet successful ship in verse 23 could seem to be Jerusalem. Since Jerusalem is indicated by a feminine singular suffix in 33:24 (the one dwelling 'in her,' HB*), does the feminine singular suffix in verse 23 (y]l*b*j&, 'your ropes') also refer to Jerusalem? This conclusion might seem obvious, expect for the fact that verse 23 is an apostrophe, personifying the ship which it rhetorically addresses. For centuries it has been customary to name and speak of ships in the feminine gender. Most of the biblical Hebrew words for nautical vessels are feminine, including the most general and common word for ship (hY'n]a^). Similarly in Ezekiel 27 the address to Tyre, personified as a ship, uses the feminine gender and singular number. Some argue that the adverb 'then' (za*) in verse 23, implies a contrast between the city's weakened condition (v. 23a) and her glorious future (v. 23b). It is more likely, however, that za* is emphasizing a particular feature of the description. This adverb often indicates consequential action within a given time period. Thus the expectation in Isaiah 33:23 is that the clause initiated by za* will immediately follow the previous clause temporally. If there were a shift between the present and the future, a temporal adverb like hT*u^ ('now') would be appropriate for the first clause. Such a modifier would also signal transition from the future in verse 22 to the present in verse 23a. Since the setting of chapter 33, starting in verse 3, is futuristic, a reversion to the present in verse 23a would break the mood. Also Isaiah dramatically developed Israel's transition from dishonor (vv. 7-9) to victory. God's defeat of the enemy (vv. 10-12) will also purge Israel of its wicked (vv. 13-16). Israel's king will rule in glory (v. 17) with all trace of foreign subjugation of Israel having vanished (vv. 18-19). Verse 20 compares future Israel to a tent for the purpose of noting the immovable security of the nation, free from further threat of deportation or destruction. The picture of Jerusalem as a place of broad rivers and streams (v. 21) accords with eschatological prophecy elsewhere (Ezek. 47:1-12; Joel 3:18; Zech. 14:8), which speaks of such waters being produced by changes in the earth's surface around Jerusalem (Zech. 14:4-11). The transition from dishonor to victory extends over 16 verses (Isa. 33:7-22), with no need for introduction of a drifting Israelite 'ship of state' in verse 23 to highlight it. If there is a change of subject from future Israel in verses 21-22 to present Israel in verse 23, the text ill prepares the reader for this change, since the ship in verse 21 is clearly not Israel but an enemy attacking eschatological Israel. If Isaiah used poetic license to make such a transition, then he used a seafaring image for a nation that generally consisted of landlubbers. A disabled ship as a national symbol would suit Tyre or Egypt better than Israel. Where would a victorious ship depicting Israel be sailing away to take spoil (v. 23b), since the spoil taken in verse 4 is that of defeated nations that had attacked Israel? The woes in Isaiah 28-33 addressed a besieged nation which God rescued in order to give it a peaceful future. Also the terms used of the people in 33:24 do not comport with metaphorical Israelite sailors on a victorious ship in verse 23b. Any symbol an author employs requires sufficient development for the referent to be determinable. Ridderbos rightly objects to an Israelite shipwreck in verse 23a because the second half of the verse shows Jerusalemites dividing spoil. There is no picture of a victorious ship unless verse 23b provides it; but verse 23b would man the ship of verse 23a with the lame, who would be unlikely sailors in the rigging. It is better to see verse 23b as directly linked with verse 24, which speaks of Jerusalem as a city with inhabitants dwelling in it (cf. 'city,' 'Zion,' 'Jerusalem' in v. 20). Thus verse 23 provides no image of a victorious ship.
An Enemy Ship Is Wholly Suitable
Verses 22-23 correspond to the two parts of verse 21. The first half of verse 21 promises Yahweh's presence as the Mighty One in Jerusalem surrounded by great waters. The second half of verse 21 assures that the Israelites need not be concerned about a maritime invasion. Verse 22, returning to Yahweh, explains that as a great military leader He will save them. Verse 23 then displays His saving action in the midst of the enemy's naval collapse.
Oswalt says there is no indicator that the second person, which addresses Israel in verses 13-20, can shift to the enemy in verse 23. However, the subject of enemy ships in verse 21 can continue through verse 23. Isaiah prepared his reader to hear the foe addressed in the second-person singular in verse 23 by switching to the first-person plural ('our') for Israelites beginning with verse 20 ('our' and 'us' are used six times in verses 20-22). Moreover, the Zion resident receives a second person address (vv. 6, 17-20), not Zion itself as the case would be in verse 23. This earlier address is masculine, while in verse 23 it is feminine. Furthermore the enemy also receives a second person address (masculine singular in v. 1; masculine plural in vv. 4, 11). Finally references to Jerusalem in chapter 33 are in the third person apart from verse 23. Literary apostrophes are often emotional; the device of personification permits the venting of feelings on an impersonal object. Isaiah 33:23 expresses the prophet's satisfaction at the crippling of the enemy's power. It is wonderful to hear that no enemy ship will reach Jerusalem because Yahweh is a warrior King. But how much more vivid it is to see that the once mighty (ryD]a^, v. 21b) enemy will be helpless before even the lame in Jerusalem (v. 23b). Mention of the lame taking spoil is reminiscent of David's capture of Jerusalem from the Jebusites. Because of their confidence that David could not invade their city (2 Sam. 5:6), the Jebusites boasted that even the blind and lame could keep David out. David used this word against the Jebusites when he attacked them, and it became an Israelite proverb (2 Sam. 5:8). Isaiah 33:23 proudly announces a fulfillment of the original word, as the lame in Jerusalem prevail against the shipborne invaders. Verse 23 is the fourth and final second person address to the enemy in this woe oracle directed at him (vv. 1, 4, 11-12). Between the addresses to the enemy are messages to Israel in the first and second person (vv. 2-3, 5-6, 13-22). While verses 13-22 are a series of short messages (vv. 13-16, 17-19, 20-22), they are all for Israel. Verse 23 reflects back to verse 1, which states that the enemy will 'suffer destruction' (dV^WT) when it has ceased 'destroying' (dd}ov¿). In Isaiah 21:2 this word dd^v* is used


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Brew your favorite tea in your Capresso Coffee à la Carte, but don't throw away your used tea bags. Used tealeaves are good for growing roses and ferns, and can be used to help lower the soil's pH.
Tealeaves contain tannic acid, which helps rose bushes fight fungus, and it is also good for their growth.
Types of Tea:
Black tea or Green tea can be used because they both contain tannic acid (tannins).
Tealeaves, in bags or loose, can be placed on the soil after pruning. They can also be placed in the mulch before the plants begin growing.


text:
of Reclamation.
Plan Your Visit
Tieton Dam is on the Tieton River, 40 miles west of Yakima, WA. From Yakima, follow U.S. 12, which goes through Tieton Canyon. The highway passes directly by the dam, which is visible to the left, and then parallels Rimrock Lake.
For more information on the dam, click here for the Bureau of Reclamation's Tieton Dam website. The Tieton Dam is documented in the National Park Service's Historic American Engineering Record. For recreational opportunities at Rimrock Lake, click here: Recreation.gov: Rimrock Lake or visit the Washington State website.
The American Hop Museum in Toppenish, 20 miles south of Yakima, is an excellent place to learn about hops. The museum, at 22 South B St., chronicles the history of the American hop industry from its earliest days in the New England colonies to its rapid expansion in California and the Pacific Northwest. The museum is open from May 1-September 30. Hours are 10:00am to 4:00pm Wednesday-Saturday and 11:00am to 4:00pm Sunday. Admission is $3 for adults, $2 for students, and free for children under 5.


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Shri Amar Muni
The Difference Between Tirthankar and
Depending on mental alertness or dynamism of the practicer there are
numerous levels of practicers, viz. Jinakalpi (solitary), Abhigrahdhari
(who gives emphasis on specific resolution), Pramatta (partially alert),
Apramatta (absolutely alert), Saragi (partially detached), Vitragi
(absolutely detached), etc. The first step in this progression is Sadhu
(ascetic) and the last is Vitrag, Tirthankar and Kewal Jnani (omniscient).
Although there is no difference in the level of knowledge of a Tirthankar
and an omniscient, the status of Tirthankar has its own importance. It has
its own attributes and recognition. The difference between these two
states of highest purity are as follows -
1. In a Tirthankar there is precipitation of the Tirthankar-nam-karma.
This is absent in case of common omniscient.
2. For two earlier births a Tirthankar necessarily acquires
right-perception. It is not a rule for a common omniscient.
3. A Tirthankar while in the womb has Avadhi Jnan (all knowledge of
the physical world). It is not a rule for a common omniscient.
4. The mother of a Tirthankar has fourteen great dreams at the time
of conception. It is not so in the case of a common omniscient.
5. A Tirthankar is always a male, the case of Mallinath being an
unique exception. For a common omniscient this rule does not apply.
6. A Tirthankar is not breast-fed; whereas a common omniscient (Kewali)
7. A Tirthankar gives charity for one year immediately before Diksha,
as a rule. A Kewali does not necessarily.
8. A Tirthankar does not give discourse before attaining omniscience,
he may, however, answer a question. A Kewali does give discourses even
as a common ascetic.
9. In a Tirthankar�s life there are five auspicious events. It is not
so in case of a Kewali.
10. A Tirthankar acquires Manahparyav Jnan immediately after his
Diksha. A Kewali does not.
11. A Tirthankar is self-enlightened. A Kewali is not necessarily.
12. Before his Diksha a Tirthankar is formally asked for that by the
gods. For Kewali no god arrives.
13. A Tirthankar establishes the four pronged religious organization
or ford; not a Kewali.
14. A Tirthankar has a religious order; not a Kewali.
15. The principal disciples of a Tirthankar are Ganadhars. A Kewali�s
disciples are not.
16. A Tirthankar has eight auspicious attributes; not a Kewali.
17. A Tirthankar has thirty four unique attributes; not a Kewali.
18. A Tirthankar�s speech has thirty five unique attributes; not a
19. A Tirthankar in his progression to purity does not touch the I,
II, III, V and XI Gunasthans (the specific stages on the path of
purity); whereas a Kewali may touch all gunasthans except the XI.
20. A Tirthankar does not have Kewali-Samudghat (a special process of
spsiritophysical transformation); a Kewali has.
21. A Tirthankar is born in the Kshatriya caste. A Kewali may be from
any and all castes.
22. A Tirthankar has Sam-chaturasra Samsthn (one of the six types of
anatomical structures). A Kewali may have nay of the six.
23. The minimum and maximum age of a Tirthankar is 72 years and 8.4
million Purvas respectively. In case of a Kewali it is 9 years and 10
24. The height of a Tirthanakar may be between 7 Haath (about 7 feet)
and 500 Dhanush (about 2000 feet). A Kewali is between 2 Haath and 20
25. A Tirthankar may exist only in fifteen specific Karma-bhumi�s
(the worlds of action). A Kewali exists generally in the fourth part,
however, one born in the fourth part may attain the status during the
fifth part also.
26. A Tirthankar is always self initiated. A Kewali may also be
initiated by others.
27. A Tirthankar exists only in the third and fourth part, however,
one born in the fourth part may attain the status during the fifth part
28. Two Tirthankars never happen to meet each other; whereas Kewalis
29. The minimum number of Tirthankars existing at one time is twenty
and maximum is 170. For Kewali�s these numbers are 20 million and 90
30. The Ganadhars create the twelve canons based on Tirthankar�s
preaching. This is not so in case of a Kewali.
31. A Tirthankar does not face any afflictions after he becomes an
omniscient. A Kewali may have to face.
32. A Samavasaran (divine pavilion) is created for a Tirthankar; not
for a Kewali.
33. The first discourse of a Tirthankar is never a failure; it is not
necessarily so in case of a Kewali.
34. The soul of a Tirthankar always descends from the dimension of
gods or ascends from hell. The soul of a Kewali may come from any of the
35. In case of a Tirthankar the Vedaniya Karma (the Karma of
sufference) is of good-bad quality and the remaining non-vitiating
Karmas are of exclusively good quality. In case of a Kewali only the
Ayushya Karma (age determining) is of exclusively good quality, the
remaining three being good-bad.
36. Only worthy souls arrive in the assembly of a Tirthankar; whereas
in a Kewali�s assembly even unworthies may come.
37. There is only one Tirthankar in one specific area. Kewali�s may


12 Tips for Making Sifteo Games
posted by scott, 08 Jan 2013
Sifteo cubes give developers an exciting opportunity to design new types of games. Forget traditional screens and controllers. Sifteo cubes are small magic blocks, each of which has a screen. You play by manipulating the cubes themselves, as you would play with board game pieces or building blocks.
Like the Nintendo Wii and iOS devices, Sifteo Cubes are intuitive and easy to use, which means people of all ages are attracted to playing with them.
Because Sifteo Cubes are so different from other gaming platforms, it can be challenging to design games for them. Just as Nintendo Wii made us think about moving our arms, and iOS devices made us think about swiping and pinching, so Sifteo Cubes have their own idiosyncratic language of gestural controls. And because Sifteo Cubes are not one device but several, you must think about games with multiple movable screens. You have no choice but to innovate.
To give you a head start designing games for Cubes, here are twelve guidelines that we use here at Sifteo for generating and evaluating game ideas. Keep these in mind as you develop your game.
First, here are the essential requirements that we look for in every Sifteo game.
1. Sifteonic
Your game should fit the unique capabilities of Sifteo Cubes like a glove, creating a magical experience that would be hard to reproduce on another platform. We call this quality "Sifteonic." For instance, players find it magical when characters walk from one cube to another in Sandwich Kingdom, or when putting cubes together causes colored dots to explode in Chroma Splash.
To make sure your game is Sifteonic: use large, simple graphics (we only support simple 2d graphics) keep text short have cubes interact with each other use cube gestures like neighbor, tilt, and press as the way you play the game Sifteo technology supports only a small amount of tile-based 2-dimensional art, plus up to 8 sprites per cube, so avoid 3d graphics and large amounts of art
Here's a video that highlights the unique things that Cubes can do.
Here's a rundown of all the features that together make a game Sifteonic.
Physical: Slide, stack. Use the cubes for their size, weight, and physical properties.
Multiple screens: We have multiple screens, so each cube can be a single object.
Neighboring: Actions triggered when two cubes are neighbored.
Configuration: The configuration of all the neighbored cubes matters.
Rotatable: Cubes are directionless — any of the four sides can be up.
Gesture: Cubes have accelerometers that can detect orientation and gesture.
Touch: Detect pressing the screen as one big button.
Networked: Communication between cubes allows coordinated visual displays.
2. Intelligent Play
Your game should make players feel smart. Parents should feel good about their kids playing it. Sifteo game are NOT educational software, but they should clearly exercise such cognitive skills as pattern recognition, strategic planning, problem solving and creativity.
At one end of the intelligent play spectrum, the action game Bleep requires only simple recognition of colors and patterns. At the other end of the spectrum, the puzzle games Chroma Splash and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles require deep problem solving skills.
3. Multi-cube
Sifteo Cubes sets come with a minimum of 3 cubes, so all Sifteo games must be playable with 3 cubes. At the same time every set can handle up to 12 cubes, so all Sifteo games should get even better with more cubes (yes, we want people to buy more cubes). Most games we have published are playable with up to 6 cubes; some work with as many as 8 or 12 cubes.
Sandwich Kingdom works naturally with many cubes
Sometimes crafting a game for different numbers of cubes is easy; sometimes it takes considerable extra work. For instance: - In Chroma Splash, the randomly generated Survival Mode expands naturally to any number of cubes, and the game is easier to play with more cubes. - In Chroma Splash's Puzzle mode, puzzles are carefully crafted for specific numbers of cubes; 40 puzzles are crafted for 3 cubes, 15 for 4 cubes, 15 for 5 cubes, and 10 for 6 cubes. - In Sandwich Kingdom cubes act as windows into a larger world — the game works naturally with any number of cubes, and tends to get easier with more cubes.
Prototyping a game with Post-Its
4. Fun
Of course your game must be fun to play. Two suggestions: tap into your passions for what is fun, and test your game early and often (square Post-Its are great for paper prototypes) on other players to make sure other people find it fun too. Since Sifteo Cubes are halfway between traditional video games and physical toys, we often look to board games, books and toys for inspiration.
5. Rated E for Everyone
Sifteo only publishes games rated E for Everyone. Like Pixar movies, our games must appeal widely to all ages, including kids as young as 7. But that does not mean our games should be childish or unsophisticated. Aim instead to create universal games that appeal to the pure intelligence in all of us. As Walt Disney said: "You're dead if you aim only for kids. Adults are only kids grown up, anyway."
Some games work naturally for all ages, while others require special modes aimed at different age ranges. For instance, the abstract puzzle game Chroma Splash works naturally for all ages. The math game Code Cracker includes different difficulty levels aimed at different ages — Beginner features just plus and minus, Intermediate also includes multiplication, and Expert also includes division and fractions. Word Caravan cleverly skirts the issue of different versions for different ages by including a hint mechanism that allows young readers to make words even if they can't spell.
Desirable Characteristics
Next, here are characteristics that are desirable in all games, and how they play out on Sifteo Cubes.
6. Easy to learn
With small screens and little room for spoken audio, Sifteo games must be easy to learn. I recommend you integrate instruction into gameplay, so the players learn by playing, not by reading pages of instruction. Simple games like Bleep explained the rules during the course of gameplay. More complex games like Cube Buddies and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Ninja Slide unfold the rules gradually over the course of many chapters.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Ninja Slide begins with a series of lessons in the Dojo
7. Replayable
The flip side of "easy to learn" is "hard to master". There are three ways to make the player want to play again.
 1. Games with authored levels (like Cube Buddies) challenge players to conquer a series of increasingly difficult puzzles.
 2. Games with randomly generated content challenge players to achieve higher and higher scores.
 3. Finally, multiplayer games invite players to keep coming back because the human element makes each play session a unique experience.
Chapters in Cube Buddies get increasingly difficult.
8. Marketable
For a game to be successful, people must hear about it. Can you pitch your game in 10 words or less? Can you give your game a name that draws people in? What character, action or thematic element will give your game a memorable identity? The most powerful form of marketing is word of mouth; what will players of your game tell their friends about your game?
Optional Characteristsics
Finally, here are some optional characteristics for you to consider including in your game.
9. Original
A Sifteo game does not have to be original to be successful, but since we are just starting to explore the range of games possible with Sifteo Cubes, we certainly value games that strike out in new directions.
Johann Sebastian Joust, by Die Gute Fabrik, for Sony Move
For instance, our initial suite of launch games focused on thoughtful single-player puzzle games where the cubes lie flat on the table. So we're now exploring fast-action multi-player games where the cubes sometimes leave the table, working with such developers as Die Gute Fabrik, makers of the wildly innovative game Johann Sebastian Joust. Other types of games we'd like to explore include games for girls, early learning preschool games, open-ended constructive games, and games that tell stories.
10. Multiplayer
Some of our games are single-player, some are multiplayer, some are both. Generally we prefer multiplayer. Our launch games are single-player, though they easily accommodate extra players who want to join in cooperative play. Many of our games in development are specifically designed for 2 to 4 players. Multiplayer games can be deliberate turn-taking games like the forthcoming battle game from Richard Garfield, or fast-paced free-for-alls, like Bleep, where everyone plays simultaneously.
Miami Heist uses uses Cubes as game board pieces
Besides thinking about other players, think about using other objects in the environment as part of the game. For instance, the student-produced game Miami Heist used Sifteo Cubes as playing pieces on a game board that looked like city blocks. You can also make games that dangle the blocks on strings, or slide them down ramps.
11. Episodic
To extend the lifetime of our games, we are creating small episodic sequels, where each new episode sells for just a few dollars. For instance, the first follow-up episode of our launch game Sandwich Kingdom is called


Gender stereotypes hold back investors
Study finds male investors just can't seem to come to grips with women executives
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All things being equal, women entrepreneurs would have the same access to capital as their male counterparts.
Dan Marsula, Post-Gazette
Click photo for larger image.
But all things aren't equal, as was illustrated in a recent experiment by Lyda Bigelow and Judi McLean Parks, professors at Washington University in St. Louis' Olin School of Business.
Ms. Bigelow and Ms. Parks asked themselves the following hypothetical question: how would potential investors react if they received one of two prospectuses? The offerings were identical in every respect but one: the sex of the person running the company. Although they had identical resumes, one CEO was a man and the other was a woman.
What a difference one minor detail made.
Male investors were prepared to invest three times more money in the male-run company as they were in the female-run firm, which they viewed as a riskier proposition. When asked what the CEO should be paid, they determined the woman should be paid only 86 percent of the male CEO's compensation.
Female investors, on the other hand, didn't find the sex of the CEO to be an important determinant in their investment decision.
"The persistence of outdated stereotypes and prejudices continues to make the playing field uneven for women in business," says Ms. Parks, whose specialty is organizational behavior.
Adds Ms. Bigelow: "The bottom line is that it's gender stereotypes that are driving the results."
Their findings confirm what many women entrepreneurs have suspected for some time.
"It does give some validation to what women entrepreneurs will talk about anecdotally," says Ms. Parks. "This study points out there may be unnecessary hurdles to capital for women."
Their experiment was inspired by the work of then Cornell University professor Theresa M. Welbourne, who examined the three-year performance of nearly 500 companies that went public in 1993. Ms. Welbourne, who subsequently taught at the University of Michigan, found that the IPOs of companies that had women in the top management team were more successful than those with male-only management.
Given the success of the firms in Ms. Welbourne's study, Ms. Bigelow and Ms. Parks wanted to see whether potential investors would recognize what women bring to the table in an IPO. Here's how their study was conducted.
The professors crafted two offering statements. The prospectuses were based on one used by a company that had a modestly successful IPO several years earlier. The mock circular contained a profit and loss statement, a balance sheet, the company's business plan, and information on the management team. Only the names of the CEOs -- Robert and Roberta -- and their pictures were different.
The prospectuses were given to about 300 second-year MBA students, not exactly high-rolling Wall Streeters, but more well informed than the average retail investor. They were between 24 and 40 years old with a mean age of about 28. Each student received either the male or female version of the document and, after examining it, was asked a series of questions to determine how they felt about investing in that company.
Ms. Parks says male students believed the male-run company would have a more cohesive top management team, would be less risky and was more appealing to the market.
"All those strategic type variables ended up being biased in favor of the male-run company," she says. "I wasn't expecting to see these enormously biased results."
Moreover, although each of the fictional CEOs was in their mid-50s -- in other words, well beyond the usual age for having small children to raise -- male investors were more worried about the female CEO leaving the company for family reasons.
"Female CEOs were perceived to be three times more likely to leave for family reasons," Ms. Parks says. "When males reviewed the materials, there was a whopping statistical effect. They vastly preferred the one run by the guy."
There was no strong gender-based differences of opinion when female students read the same documents.
"Females believe females can run companies," Ms. Bigelow says.
Trouble is, women have a hard time convincing male investors of the same thing. Ms. Parks says the implications of the experiment are troubling, given the number of people women-owed companies employ.
"This disadvantage, grounded in antiquated stereotypes, not only has an impact on the women themselves, but also affects their potential economic contributions to their communities and employees," she says. "Have you come a long way baby? Well, maybe not as far as you thought."
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Dilemma of Irrational Antibiotic and Corticosteroid Prescription in Iran: How Much It Can Affect the Medicine Expenditures?
N Dopeykar, Parisa Mehdizadeh, Nooredin Dopeykar, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri, Hediyeh Zekri, Mahmoud Salesi
2017 Acta Med Iran unpublished
In recent years the high cost of medicines and the lack of it were one of the major problems in developing countries that despite numerous efforts to solve the root causes of this problem, the issue remains, unfortunately. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of antibiotics and corticosteroids prescription on the medicines expenditures. This was descriptive-analytical study that conducted to assess the function of medical expenditures through prescription letters and analysis the
more »... and analysis the factors affecting medicine expenditures. We used the data of 91,994,667 selected prescription letters that were collected by the Ministry of the Health and Medical Education (MOHME) throughout the country in the year 2011 which was analyzed through a logarithmic regression model and OLS estimator. The average number of prescription items in each prescription letter were varied from 2.7 to 3.6, and the average price of each letter was varied from 30223 to 69986 Rials. Between 39 to 61 percent of prescription letters containing antibiotic items and between 15 and 35% of them contain corticosteroids. Also, the impact of antibiotic and corticosteroid prescriptions on the average expenditure of prescription letters were-1.4 and 0.032 respectively. Excessive and irrational prescribing had the greatest impact on medicine expenditures. On the other hand, the expenditure of prescription letters had the negative elasticity to antibiotics prescription and relatively inelastic for corticosteroids. So, raising the price of medications to reduce the use of them could not play a successful role in a control policy.


One can never truly teach unless they continuously learn, and this has been proven so true in the context of the ongoing pandemic.
These past few months have been hard and every teacher of Spring Dale Institution had to make a transition from regular classes to remote learning. Setting up new lesson plans, devising and recording videos, preparing materials, and finding new ways to connect with the students has been challenging and yet the most learning experience for each one of us, and all of this while juggling the effects of these crucial times on our personal lives as well.
Teaching Staff of Gomti Nagar Branch
Teaching Staff of Kanpur Road Branch
Teaching Staff of Indira Nagar Branch
The Management, appreciates the effort of every teacher for making things possible amid all the hardships. Together we shall continue to work hard and support each other to sustain these times as we pave the road to future.


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Autumn Fruits and Seeds
In autumn many trees have lots of fruits and seeds. Farmers are busy picking fruits like apples and pears to send to the shops.
Other trees have seeds like conkers and acorns. We often have fun playing with sycamore helicopter seeds which spin round as they fall to the ground. Pine cones have lots of seeds inside.
As the weather gets colder squirrels collect the acorns and nuts which they hide to eat in winter. They need to remember where they are hidden.


Peter Grimes
opera by Benjamin Britten
Peter Grimes is an opera by Benjamin Britten. It was first performed in 1945. It is generally thought to be the most important British opera of the 20th century. It is about a community in a small fishing village in the east of England in the 1820s. Peter Grimes is a fisherman who feels that the people do not want to have anything to do with him. He wants to make lots of money so that he can marry and get people's respect. In his obsession with catching as much fish as possible he is cruel to the boys who help him (his apprentices), and they die. At the end of the opera Grimes drowns himself.
Britten wrote the main part (Peter Grimes) for his life partner Peter Pears to sing.
There are three acts, and the opera starts with a prologue and ends with an epilogue. Some of the scenes are joined by continuous music, and some of this is often played separately in concerts. This music is known as the Four Sea Interludes.
History of its compositionEdit
When World War II started Britten and Pears went to America to avoid the war. In 1941 Britten started to feel homesick because he read an article by E.M.Forster about George Crabbe, a poet who had lived in the same part of England that Britten came from. Britten started to realize that, in order to compose well, he had to go back to his own country. Britten and Pears returned to England in 1942.
The conductor Sergei Koussevitzky asked Britten to write an opera based on a poem by George Crabbe. The poem, called "The Borough", was about the story of Peter Grimes. The village in the poem was fictitious, but it was very much like Aldeburgh where Britten later made his home. Britten asked Montagu Slater to write the libretto based on the story of Crabbe's poem.
The opera was first performed at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London on 7 June 1945 by the company which later became English National Opera. The conductor was Reginald Goodall. Pears sang the title role.
The first American performance was in 1946 at Tanglewood conducted by Koussevitzky's pupil, Leonard Bernstein. Britten dedicated it to Koussevitsky's wife.
Role Voice type Premiere Cast, June 7, 1945
(Conductor: Reginald Goodall)
Peter Grimes, a fisherman tenor Peter Pears
Ellen Orford, a widow, Borough schoolmistress soprano Joan Cross
Auntie, landlady of The Boar contralto Edith Coates
Niece 1 soprano Blanche Turner
Niece 2 soprano Minnia Bower
Balstrode, retired merchant skipper baritone Roderick Jones
Mrs. (Nabob) Sedley, a rentier widow mezzo-soprano Valetta Iacopi
Swallow, a lawyer bass Owen Brannigan
Ned Keene, apothecary and quack baritone Edmund Donlevy
Bob Boles, fisherman and Methodist tenor Morgan Jones
Rev. Horace Adams, the rector tenor Tom Culbert
Hobson, the carrier bass Frank Vaughan
John, Grimes' apprentice silent role Leonard Thompson
The first young boy who was an apprentice to Peter Grimes has already been killed. He was at sea for three days without water to drink. An inquest is being held to decide whether Grimes is guilty of the boy's death. The people all seem to think he is guilty. The judge decides that the boy's death was an accident. However, he says to Grimes that he should not get another apprentice. Grimes is very angry at being told this. Ellen Orford, a school teacher, comforts him. In their beautiful duet Ellen and Peter sing at first in different keys, but finally sing together in the same key.
Act 1Edit
The scenery shows the Moot Hall, the Boar Inn (the village pub) and the church. People are saying "Good morning" to one another, especially the Slave Master who says it many times. The fishermen start work mending their nets. Keene tells Grimes that he has found another apprentice for him. He is a poor boy who lives in the workhouse. Nobody wants Grimes to have another apprentice. Hobson, the cart man, refuses to fetch him. But Ellen supports Peter. She sings to the crowd: "Let her among you without fault cast the first stone" (meaning: "You all have faults so do not criticize"). Hobson goes off to get the boy. A terrible storm is coming.
The scene now changes to The Boar Inn. It is very noisy inside. Bob Boles gets drunk and wants to make love to the landlady's nieces. The storm is still raging outside. Grimes comes in. People are shocked, but Grimes does not notice. He sings and song about human fate: "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades". The tune is in the orchestra in canon while Grimes sings very simple lines of music. People are embarrassed, so they start to sing a round: "Old Joe has gone fishing". It has three tunes and has seven counts in a bar. The boy is brought in and Grimes takes him off in spite of the storm.
Act 2Edit
The opening of the next act is peaceful. It is Sunday morning. People are in church, and now again we hear the singing coming from the church. Ellen talks to the boy. She is horrified to see he has a bruise on his neck. Grimes says it was an accident. He gets annoyed that Ellen is worried about the boy and runs off with him. The people of the village have noticed and march up to Grimes's hut. The scene ends with a peaceful contrast: a duet sung by the two nieces.
The orchestra play a beautiful passacaglia which links to the next scene. Grimes is accusing the boy of "telling stories". Then he starts to feels guilty about the first boy's death. He hears the villagers coming and tells the boy they have to go fishing. He pushes him out onto the rocks and the boy falls to his death. When the villagers arrive at the hut they find it empty.
Act 3Edit
Act 3 opens with music describing moonlight at night. People are dancing in the Moot Hall. People are very merry. Mrs. Sedley tries to tell people that Grimes is a murderer, but they do not listen. People then start to leave, saying "Goodnight" to one another (especially the Rector). Balstrode is walking with Ellen. He tells her that Grimes's boat is in, but Grimes cannot be found. A boy's jersey has been washed up on the shore. Ellen sings an aria "Embroidery in childhood was a luxury of idleness". It is a moment of stillness in the drama.
A short interlude based on one chord leads to the next scene in which people are looking for Grimes. Grimes drags himself onto the shore. He seems to have gone mad. We hear a foghorn (played by an off-stage tuba) as he sings. Balstrode tells Grimes that he should go out to sea in his boat and sink it.
The opera ends with an epilogue in which the scene is the same as the beginning of the opera. Someone says that a boat has been seen sinking out to sea, but no one is interested. The people have forgotten Grimes, and continue their lives without him.
 - 1958: Peter Pears (Peter Grimes), Claire Watson (Ellen Orford), James Pease (Balstrode), Jean Watson (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Benjamin Britten - (Decca)
 - 1978: Jon Vickers (Peter Grimes), Heather Harper (Ellen Orford), Jonathan Summers (Balstrode), Elizabeth Bainbridge (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Colin Davis - (Philips)
 - 1992: Anthony Rolfe Johnson (Peter Grimes), Felicity Lott (Ellen Orford), Thomas Allen (Balstrode), Patricia Payne (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Bernard Haitink - (EMI Classics)
 - The New Kobbe's Opera Book, ed. Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie; London 2000; ISBN 0 09 _PHONE_


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Is stunt driving a crime?
Fast and the Furious is a popular movie franchise that often features stunt driving. Though it may look cool on the screen, if a person were to do that in Canada they would likely find themselves either behind bars, or paying a hefty fine and losing demerit points.
What is stunt driving?
Stunt driving is defined by provincial law. For example, in Ontario stunt driving is defined as "driving a motor vehicle in a highway or race or contest, while performing a stunt or on a bet or wager."
Prince Edward Island has Racing and Stunt Driving Regulations in their Highway Traffic Act and a "stunt" while driving is described as:
 - While driving a vehicle one or more of its tires is lifted off the surface of the highway or road;
 - Driving in a way that some or all of the car's tires lose traction while turning, also known as drifting;
 - Causing the vehicle to spin or circle, also known as pulling donuts;
 - Driving a vehicle side by side with one or more vehicles where one of the vehicles is in the lane for oncoming traffic for a period of time longer than is needed to pass, also known as drag racing;
 - Driving a vehicle with someone in the trunk;
 - Driving a vehicle from a position other than the driver's seat;
 - Having a person or object to occupy the front seat in such a way that it prevents the driver from being able to control the vehicle;
 - Having a person ride in the vehicle in a way that interferes with the driver's control of the vehicle; or
 - Allowing a person or object to stick out of the vehicle through a window, moon roof, sun roof or other opening in the vehicle.
What is the law on stunt driving?
Stunt driving is forbidden in Canada. Though there is no individual charge for stunt driving under the Criminal Code of Canada, a person can be charged with dangerous driving.
Dangerous driving carries high penalties. If a person is convicted of a summary offence for dangerous driving they are liable to a fine and up to six month in prison, or both. However, if they are convicted of an indictable offence then they may face up to five years in prison. If the stunt driving caused injuries or even death, it's highly likely more charges will be added.
Many provincial highway traffic acts also forbid stunt driving.
For example, not only does the Ontario Highway Traffic Act forbid stunt driving but the person who is charged and is found to have violated that section of the act could face a fine of between $2,000 to up to $10,000, a license suspension for up to two years on a first conviction and up to 10 years for further convictions.
A person can face both federal criminal charges for stunt driving as well as provincial charges.
If you have been charged with stunt driving you should consult a criminal lawyer.
Read more:
Criminal Code of Canada Dangerous Driving


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DOE invests in electric cars
The US Department of Energy (DOE) is making a big investment in electric cars nationwide. The investment is part of DOE's Clean Cities initiative which is supporting the growth of energy efficient and renewable energy measures in America's cities. Awards were given to 16 electric vehicle projects in 24 states and Washington DC.
The projects that were awarded funds are focused on accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and providing job training to individuals and college students to design and build EVs.
Through the awards, $8.5 million will go to providing additional electric vehicle charging stations and fostering public-private partnerships to deploy EVs throughout the nation. The funding recipients range from communities with extensive EV planning experience to those that are eager to begin, but have not previously had the resources to do so. Most projects awarded in this round of funding are one-year start up projects focused on creating the ideal conditions for EV deployments such as revised permitting, charging station construction and training municipal personnel.
"By developing the next generation of automotive engineers and preparing communities for plug-in electric vehicles, these projects will help reduce our nation's dependence on oil imports, create jobs, and help America capture the growing global market for advanced vehicles," said Department of Energy Secretary Chu.
Individuals interested in learning about where they can purchase or charge electric vehicles in their state can visit the map on the DOE website which highlights all of the clean cities funding sites so far. The effort from DOE supports other electric vehicle initiatives already moving forward in several states. So far, these initiatives been supported in larger cities – the DOE funds will help foster growth in smaller cities, adding continuity to the budding national EV infrastructure.


The International Society for Subterranean Biology (ISSB - SIBIOS) will provide five travel grants worth 500 euros each for attendance at the 25th ICSB. The money is intended to fund student attendance, although other young participants without other sources of funding may be considered.
The criteria for selection are:
 1. Applicants should be currently registered graduate students, recently graduated MSc or PhD students.
 2. Applications should send a letter of application to the organizers of the 25th ICSB (
 3. The application should include:
 1. An explanation of the significance of the applicant's poster or oral talk to the field of subterranean biology
 2. The title and abstract of the applicant's poster or oral talk, in any format, or the format found at
 3. A Curriculum Vitae.
The applications will be reviewed using the following criteria :
 1. Scientific quality of the poster or oral talk as shown by the abstract and the explanation of its significance
 2. Funding situation of the applicant's university or home institution
 3. Balanced geographic representation, with some preference given to more remote applicants.
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Apollonius's Ellipse and Evolute Revisited - The Geometry
Frederick Hartmann and Robert Jantzen
For a given ellipse
and an arbitrary point O(x0,y0) in the plane, depicted in Figure 1, the equation of the normal line through this point from the "foot" P(x,y) of that normal line is easily found.
FIGURE 1: The normal line segment from the given point O and the point P together with the tangent line segment from P to a point on the major axis, a configuration whose geometry led Apollonius to the hyperbola whose intersection with the ellipse determines its normal lines.
By implicit differentiation, the slope of the tangent line is dy/dx = -(b2 x)/(a2 y), whose negative reciprocal is the slope of the normal line
y0 - y = (a2 y)/(b2 x) (x0-x) .
Clearing fractions leads to the equation of the hyperbola of Apollonius
xy(a2-b2) -x0 a2 y +y0 b2 x = 0 .
Thus the "feet" of the normals are the intersections of the ellipse with a rectangular hyperbola which passes through both the origin and the point O(x0,y0) and whose axes are rotated by an angle p/4 with respect to the coordinate axes. The problem of counting the normals is reduced to finding the number of such intersections as O(x0,y0) moves around in the plane. Figure 2 illustrates the situation where O is sufficiently close to the center of the ellipse and in particular inside the evolute, which is shown in the figure and explained in the next section.
FIGURE 2: For a point just slightly off center, the four feet of the normals to the ellipse shift slightly from the center point configuration, where the hyperbola of Apollonius degenerates to its vertical and horizontal asymptotes along the axes of the ellipse.
For simplicity we assume a > b throughout our discussion so that the major axis is the x-axis. Note that the focal distance of the foci from the origin along the x-axis is then c=(a2-b2)1/2.
Frederick Hartmann and Robert Jantzen, "Apollonius's Ellipse and Evolute Revisited - The Geometry," Loci (August 2010)