Anime addicts' guide - What does Otaku mean?
Have you heard of the expression otaku? Do you know its true meaning? How did this term come about? In this article we will do a deep analysis on the word otaku and the people who earned this nickname both in the West and in Japan. We will also see the influence of the community otaku in Japan and the West.
The word otaku [オタク] is a Japanese term used to refer to people who are addicted to something. Over time this word began to be used frequently to refer to fans of anime, manga, novels and games. Prepare to immerse yourself in the true meaning of otaku, to help we leave a summary below:
The meaning of the word Otaku
Originally the word otaku (お宅) was a respectful treatment (sonkeigo) used in the second person, to refer to your home, house, person or family. This word has also been used to refer to husband and organizations.
 - Example: I'll call you at home tomorrow (Ashita otaku ni ukagaimasu [明日お宅に伺います]);
The ideogram of the original word is taku [宅] which literally means home. Over time this word began to be used in a negative way to refer to people who live at home watching anime, playing games, surfing the internet, etc.
otaku One of the main Japanese alternatives is the words Geek and Nerd, but more derogatory. In the dictionary, he is described as a person who has a deep interest in certain hobbies, but lacks knowledge and sociability in other fields.
Otaku can also be used as a suffix for people who like a particular hobby for example tetsudou-otaku [鉄道オタク] which means something like a train addict or mekaotaku [メカオタク] which means addicted to Meka.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
The Origin of the Word Otaku
In the 1980s Akio Nakamori and other prominent authors started using the honorific otaku to refer to criminals and serial killers, anime addicts, hentais and things like that. And since the Japanese are superstitious, they stopped using that word on a daily basis, thus becoming a bad word.
Over time this word started to be used to refer to people with obsessions for something. Not only anime and manga, but anything, cars, football, games, computers, etc.
Suppose someone likes football, they have team t-shirts, they idolize the team, they are present in every game, they put football as the first place in life. It can be called otaku.
In Japan it is possible to find thousands of people addicted to anime and games, which are considered otaku, and they take this lifestyle seriously, making cosplays, spending money on products, living a normal and fun life, doing what they like.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
Why are Otakus excluded from society?
In 1989, the murder of a young woman in the Saitama region was sensationalized, as the criminal was a video collector, every case was enlarged, distorted and publicized in the media, putting the name otaku as a dangerous person who commits crimes.
The negative campaign was done in style. Even today, people play otaku because of the media's influence in that incident. Of course, this is not the only reason that otaku are despised in both Japan and the West.
The media blames the otaku for the fall of Japan birth. Japanese TV often claims that otaku do not want real relationships, and are quite antisocial and hikikomori.
Another criticism against otakus is the huge consumption of erotic content in comics, games and animations, where you can find tentacles, lolis, etc. Yes, I have found several articles on Brazilian websites that talk about this subject. Japan is one of the countries that most consumes material of this type, and more than half are animations.
Westerners also often blame anime and games for a variety of problems in Japan and the western Otaku community. Few realize that the problem is not in animations and games but in addiction.
A person can be addicted to anything like movies, series and books. Otaku itself is used to refer to any type of person addicted to something like cars, toys, trains, computers, etc.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
Why is this thought wrong?
The problem is that not all Otaku are antisocial, they tend to be related, live a normal life, work and have other dreams. The fact that a person is addicted to something was not necessarily to be bad.
In Brazil many are addicted to something, some live in the gym, others live drinking, many choose different priorities in their life and have fun with what they like. The fact that a person likes something does not determine his behavior.
Japanese are shy and antisocial by nature, the country's culture puts a lot of pressure on society to follow strict rules. Many end up becoming not just otakus but hikikomori NEETs who are isolated young people who live trapped indoors.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
Otaku in the West
In the West, the word does not have the same connotation as Japan. Here it is usually used only to identify people who like anime. Otaku in Brazil also use the expression otome to refer to women who are anime fans, but it is worth remembering that otaku is not a masculine word, but unisex.
The amount of otakus outside of Japan is increasing a lot. The western population is neither prepared nor used to these types of people who call themselves otaku, they do not understand why they dress up and like this type of animation. Something understandable, since even today comic fans are branded as nerds, and criticized for dressing up.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
The otaku are criticized in the West for the prejudice of thinking that animations are children's or children's. They do not know the depth of a story written by Japanese and do not realize that animation is just an art style like manga.
Others think that anime are crazy, full of powers, macumba, bitching, clichés, etc. They forget that there are genres and that anime are created on top of Japanese culture, made for Japanese people who think and lead a different lifestyle from Westerners. Western Otaku also admire and enjoy Japanese culture.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
What does being an Otaku involve?
For a person to become an Otaku, just addict something and put it as a priority in your life. It is clear that in both the West and Japan the term Otaku started to be used for people who have similar tastes. Otaku 99% will probably like at least 5 things from the list below:
 - Anime - Japanese animations;
 - Sleeves - Japanese Comics;
 - Light Novels - Romance books;
 - Visual Novels - Relationship games, romance and conversations;
 - RPGs - Role-playing games;
 - Cosplay - Character fantasy;
 - Japanese music - Mainly from animes;
 - OST - anime background music;
 - Action Figures - Action figures of the characters;
 - Games - All types of games in general;
 - Japan - Otaku foreigners appreciate Japanese culture;
 - Series - Otaku also watches series;
 - Computers - Most live on computers;
 - Maid Café - Maids coffee;
 - Cosplay Coffee - Themed cafes;
 - Cats - It is rare that someone does not like cats, some even dress up;
 - Moe - Cute stuff, cute anime and characters;
 - Cute things - Cuddly toys, caps, character toys;
 - Weapons and accessories - shuriken, Katana and etc;
 - Eroge - erotic games and visual novels;
 - Hentai / Yaoi / Yuri (erotic animations);
 - Doramas - Japanese dramas / series / novels;
 - Dakimakura - Printed body pillows;
 - Itasha - Cars with prints;
 - Cards - Collect anime cards;
 - Nico Nico - YouTube of otaku;
 - Akihabara - The otaku center in Japan;
 - Waifu - Most Otakus have a waifu;
This list even shows some things that are considered questionable. The point we want to make is that, watching anime doesn't make you an otaku. There are crazy otakus, and they have problems, but it is a subject that must be understood and respected.
Otaku - what is it? What true meaning?
Knowing the otaku life
I recommend some animations and sleeves, which depict the life of a otaku or something related, I'll leave a list here:
 - Pray no Imōto ga Konna ni Kawaii Wake ga Nai
 - Shirobako
 - Renai Shimasen ka? (Mango)
 - Genshiken
 - Seitokai no Ichizon
 - Steins; Gate
 - Danna ga Nani wo Itteiru ka Wakaranai Ken
 - Suzumiya Haruhi no Yuutsu
Watching the anime or manga mentioned above, you can understand a little more about the life of an otaku, and how it can be interesting. Of course there are crazy and hobby-obsessed people like in the video below. Be careful not to become one of those.
What do I think


text:
A Langmuir multi-probe system for the characterization of atmospheric pressure arc plasmas
The 'high-pressure' atmospheric (TIG) arc plasma is studied by means of a multi-Langmuir probe system. In order to determine the appropriate regime of operation, definitions of the plasma parameters for the description of the argon arc are considered and evaluations are presented. A description of the probe basic techniques is followed by an in-depth discussion of the different regimes of probe operation. The emphasis is put on atmospheric and flowing (arc) regimes. Probe sheath theories are compared and "Nonidealities" like cooling due to plasma-probe motion and probe emission mechanisms are then described. The extensive literature review reveals that the existing probe theories are inappropriate for a use in the TIG arc, because of 'high' pressure (atmospheric), broad range of ionization across the arc, flowing conditions, and ultimately, to the uncertainty about onset of Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium. The Langmuir probe system is built to operate in floating and biased conditions. The present work represents the first extensive investigation of electrostatic probes in arcs where the experimental difficulties and the primary observed quantities are presented in great detail. Analysis methodologies are introduced and experimental results are presented towards a unified picture of the resulting arc structure by comparison with data from emission spectroscopy. Results from different measurements are presented and comparison is made with data on TIG arcs present in literature. Probe obtained temperatures are lower than the values obtained from emission spectroscopy and this 'cooling' is attributed to electron-ion recombination. However, it is believed that probes can access temperatures regions not attainable by emission spectroscopy. Only axial electric potential and electric field are obtained because of the equipotential-probe requirement. Estimations of the sheath voltage and extension are obtained and a qualitative picture of the ion and electron current densities within the arc is given.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Potential energy diagrams for ground and excited states have been calculated approximately for trans stilbene and several geometrical configurations, including a planar cis form, generated by twisting about the central double bond. The calculations show that on twisting the lowest triplet $^3$B becomes the most stable state, and that the $\pi$-electron distribution of this state in the perpendicular model is equivalent to separation into two benzyl systems. The lowest singlet $^1$A that corresponds to the ground state in cis and trans stilbene does not separate in this way. Quantitative agreement is obtained with observed thermal and spectroscopic evidence. The potential energy diagrams provide a satisfactory interpretation of the qualitative features of the ultraviolet and fluorescent spectra, the absence of phosphorescence, and the mechanisms of the thermal, the photochemical and the photosensitized isomerization reactions.


Quick Answer: What Are 60 Year Olds Called?
How often do 70 year olds make love?
Sexual frequency did decrease with age for women, although almost a quarter of partnered women over age 70 had sex more than 4 times a week, according to the survey.
Even if men and women do have sex more frequently, it doesn't mean they are happier..
What age is middle age for a woman?
This time period in the life of a person can be referred to as middle age. This time span has been defined as the time between ages 45 and 60. Many changes may occur between young adulthood and this stage.
Can I retire and collect Social Security at 55?
You can start receiving your Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62. However, you are entitled to full benefits when you reach your full retirement age. If you delay taking your benefits from your full retirement age up to age 70, your benefit amount will increase.
What do you call a person in their 60's?
Sexagenarian: Someone in his or her sixties. Septuagenarian: Someone in his or her seventies. Octogenarian: Someone in his or her eighties. Nonagenarian: Someone in his or her nineties.
What are 70 year olds called?
A septuagenarian is someone in their 70s (70 to 79 years old), or someone who is 70 years old.
Is 55 considered elderly?
Note that by these definitions, "old" in the 1920s — 55 — is now considered "middle aged" today, and "very old" in the 1920s — 65 — is now considered merely "old" today. … By these measures, women today transition out of middle age around 65, a number that has increased from the late 40s in the 1920s.
What do you call a 60 year old woman?
Noun. sexagenarian (plural sexagenarians) A person who is 60 years old or between the ages of 60 and 69.
What can you do at 60 years old?
Be HealthierRide horseback.Learn a new recipe.Take a Zumba or dance class.Try going vegetarian.Learn yoga.Take a self-defense course.Learn to meditate.Grow your own fruits and veggies.
What is the age range for the elderly?
Although there are different ways to classify this population, some studies have classified elderly adults between the ages of 65 and 74 years as youngest-old, those between ages 75 and 84 years as middle-old, and those aged over 85 years as oldest-old [5].
What are old people called?
Senior citizen Synonyms include old age pensioner or pensioner in British English, and retiree and senior in American English. Some dictionaries describe widespread use of "senior citizen" for people over the age of 65.
What are 50 year olds called?
A person between 50 and 59 is called a quinquagenarian. A person between 60 and 69 is called a sexagenarian. A person between 70 and 79 is called a septuagenarian. A person between 80 and 89 is called an octogenarian.
Is 60 years old considered elderly?
The term "senior citizen" typically refers to someone who is retired and above the age of 60 or 65.
What age is over the hill?
Some sites proclaim that, as soon you turn 40, you're over the hill. Apparently, forty is the average mid-point in life. Before that, you were a high-achieving young person. But after your 40th birthday, you are on the slow, irreversible decline to boring, musty old-age.
What should I expect at 60 years old?
Your skin turns drier and itchier and may look like crepe paper or tissue. Wrinkles, age spots, creases, and bruises become more noticeable. Your sweat glands also get less active. That means you might not sweat as much, but wounds on your skin may take longer to heal.
How do you age gracefully in your 60s?
Tips for aging gracefullyBe kind to your skin. Your skin is your body's largest organ. … Exercise. … Mind your diet. … Mental health matters. … Stay physically active. … Lower your stress. … Quit smoking and decrease alcohol consumption. … Get enough sleep.More items…•
What is the politically correct term for senior citizens?
Pensioners is just okay. And elders is a term embraced by those that see it as a sign of respect. Over-55, over-65, and of course, the ever-popular baby boomers (for the younger old people) are phrases that are widely accepted. Unless you're referring to a frail 99-year-old, please, oh please, do not use elderly!
At what age are you considered over the hill 40 or 50?
To consider that age 50, you are old and past your prime is a matter of judgement. To someone else age 40 or may be age 60 may be considered as being over the hill.
Is 50 a old age?
The World Health Organisation believes that most developed world countries characterise old age starting at 60 years and above. However, this definition isn't adaptable to a place like Africa, where the more traditional definition of an elder, or elderly person, starts between 50 to 65 years of age.


text:
Visualizing the Invisible
Students will study black holes through visual representations available on the Web. After viewing many animations and simulations of black holes, students will investigate several means for creating their own visualizations. Ultimately, students will create animated GIFs from their own illustrations.
How the Internet is used in this lesson:
Students follow bookmarked links to view animations.
Students learn how to create animated GIFs.
Students use the Internet for research.
Science, Language Arts
Students will be able to:
Understand the basic concepts of black holes and the story of their discovery.
Understand the use of visualization in cosmology.
Apply creative and individual visualizations to illustrate black holes.
This lesson was developed by Master Teacher Al Doyle, and was funded by the Louis Calder Foundation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The seven-year-old bloggers
Children as young as seven in one British school are using weblogs as part of their normal routine, and are doing better than non-webloggers as a result, their teacher says.
Weblogs, easy-to-use personal journals published on the internet, get children more interested in school work they might otherwise have disliked, says junior school teacher John Mills. —Giles TurnbullThe seven-year-old bloggers (BBC)


text:
Backseat Scavenger Hunt
summaryIf you prepare a backseat scavenger hunt for a long car ride, your children may be too busy looking out the window to notice how long you've been on the road.
- The RIF Guide to Encouraging Young Readers
- Alphabet Learning, Games, Vocabulary Building
MATERIALS: Paper and pencil
Before you head out, make up a long list of various things your children are likely to see from the car (or bus or train) window. For example: a license plate beginning with the letter C, an old tire, a tow truck, an overpass, a city that is named after a woman, a McDonalds restaurant, a silo, and so on. Give the children the long list to work on together or divide up the list so that each child is looking for different items. Or let them make up lists for each other. For children who can't yet read, make a picture list by cutting out magazine pictures of signs and other common roadside attractions, like cows and pay telephones. Glue the cutouts on a piece of paper. The children cross items of their lists or circle the pictured objects as they find them. If they wish, they can call out when they see something so the other players can corroborate. Let the winner of the backseat scavenger hunt be the first one out of the car when you stop to stretch your legs, or the one who gets to ride in the front seat for a while.


They don't seem to live a nomadic lifestyle, so why were they called "Air Nomads" when they lived in permanent homes by the air temples?
 - Mayhaps the air temples and support structures moved about, making them nomadic, especially in comparison with the other nations. – Möoz Jul 2 '16 at 0:35
Classically the Air Nomads did not live permanently in their temples. Their temples were for training and other important air-bending rituals. They were indeed nomads who eschewed any form of materialism and wandered from temple to temple around the world.
enter image description here
While the Air Nomads were not active during the The Last Airbender Saga, we see their traditions reawakened in Korra, where the Air Nomads traveled the world seeking newly awakened Air Nomads and fostering good will in the land.
However, being nomadic does not preclude them having stable locations which could last quite a while particularly during extreme seasonal periods such as winters or long rainy seasons.
They may have also lived around the temples in semi-stable communities in order to prepare food and resources for the temple during periods of greater occupancy, a willing labor-force that may have even rotated out periodically.
enter image description here
Since the temples were used for training and important air bending rituals, they served a central part of the culture, storing information and sustaining older airbenders who were no longer easily able to wander.
The definition of nomad does not preclude stable locations:
It may well be that the nomads regularly rotate between the two temples (each gender has two, that is, there are four in total), and, in addition, an overall tradition of wandering the world... some visiting of other temples is part of the Nomad life and training (a particular temple is listed as the site where Air Nomads choose their skybison, which suggests that it's a place visited by many of them at some point, even despite the gender restriction for "living" there) and presumably there are other sites with connections to the air and the spirit world that air nomads might like to see.
While there may well be individuals who live in one place or another constantly, as a society, nomadism may be still considered a dominant trait of their order (unlike the other nations, all airbenders were essentially a single organization, and all members of the society were airbenders, at least up until the genocide).
There is even some (circumstantial) evidence for temples being unoccupied because of migration in the show itself, as revealed by the trivia section of the Western Air Temple's entry in the Avatar Wiki:
It may well be that the genocide happened while the majority of the Air Nomad women were living at the Eastern temple for some reason or another, and that's why there are no bodies (perhaps a siege was set up so that stragglers were targeted as they left).
In Legend of Korra, of course, there was only one family descended from actual Air Nomads, and they had a permanent home in Republic City (at least, until later developments, but we never got to see how that developed). But they mostly called themselves Air Acolytes rather than Air Nomads.
Your Answer


now somewhat obsolete) parameter ''n'' is not given, a pade continuation is used. Otherwise, ''n'' specifies the number of poles used in the fit function for the analytic continuation of the self-energy. The fitting procedure can be influenced further by adding single characters to ''n''; character "''c''": employ additional constraints (i.e., integrability of the self-energy and continuity of its derivative at {\omega=0}), "''+''": add a constant to the fit function as a parameter, "''*''": allow poles above the real frequency axis. (Default Pade)
''CONTOUR D d'': Specifies contour integration for the evaluation of the self-energy. The first argument ''D'', if it is a number, defines the interval for the numerical derivative :math:'{d/d\epsilon \Sigma(\epsilon) = [\Sigma(\epsilon+D)-\Sigma(\epsilon-D)]/(2D)}' where :math:'{\epsilon}' is the corresponding KS energy. It can also be defined as a range, e.g. ''{-0.5..0.5,0.01}'' or ''[{-0.5..0.5,0.01}]'', which defines an equidistant mesh (relative to the Kohn-Sham energy or in absolute energies, the latter is the only viable definition for a ''GW FULL'' calculation) on which the self-energy is evaluated and which is used to solve the nonlinear quasiparticle equation (neglecting off-diagonal elements). The second argument ''d'' defines the step size of an equidistant mesh for the screened interaction. If ''d'' is omitted, a Pade continuation is used for the screened interaction (Keywords ''CONTINUE'' and ''CONTOUR'' are mutually exclusive.) (Default none)
''FREQINT SPLINE/PADE'': Algorithm for frequency integration in :math:'{\int G(\omega+\omega')W(\omega')d\omega'}': the screened interaction is interpolated with a splines or with a Pade approximation. (Default SPLINE)
''LFRAC l'': l cutoff for the treatment of the anisotropy at the point :math:'{k=0}'. For isotropic systems ''l=1'' is enough. (Default 1)
''MESH n x'': Defines the imaginary frequency mesh where ''n'' is the number of points and ''x'' the frequency of the last point. Instead, one can also specify a file that contains the frequency mesh as a list with ''MESH filename''. (Default 10 10.0)
''NOZERO'': Neglect zero order terms in the self-energy coming from combinations of divergent terms math:'{1/k}' and math:'{1/k^2}' in the (bare or screened) interaction with linear and quadratic terms of the other quantities. This is necessary to converge the k-point sampling for materials with small band gaps. (Default false)
''RPAENE'': Calculate RPA correlation energy "on the fly". (Default false)
''VXC READ/CALC'': Specifies whether the vxc matrix elements are calculated or read from the file ''vxcfull''. (Default READ)
.. note:: ''IMAGTIME'': Since version 02.00 the correlation self-energy is evaluated by a direct frequency convolution of {G} and {W} rather than a multiplication in imaginary time. With the keyword ''IMAGTIME'' the latter (older) algorithm can still be used. (In some cases the old algorithm is considerably faster.) (Default false) :)
Section ''WANNIER''
''FROZEN e'': Use frozen energy window. Lower bound is defined automatically, upper bound can be defined with the optional parameter ''e''. If ''e'' is not given, Spex guesses a reasonable value. (Default false)
''MAXIMIZE'': Use maximally localized Wannier functions instead of the first-guess ones. (Default false)
''ORBITALS (..) (..)..'': Defines the orbitals for the first guess. Round brackets ''()'' for atoms, square brackets ''[]'' for atom types. In the brackets, one can use ;-separated lists of s,p,d,f,px,py,pz,dxy,dyz,dxz,dz2,dx2y2,t2g,eg,fz3,fxz2,fyz2,fzxy,fxyz,fxxy,fyxy,sp,sp2,sp3,sp3d,sp3d2. Euler angles can be specified with, e.g., ''sp,120,0,0''. (Default none)
''RSITE latvec'': Calculate off-site Hubbard interaction parameters (in addition to the on-site ones) with ''latvec'' being a lattice vector, e.g., ''(0,0,1)'' or several lattice vectors, e.g., ''(0,0,1) (0,0,3)'' or ''(0,0,1)-(0,0,3)'' or ''(0,1..2,1..3)''. The latter two define a list of lattice vectors: (0,0,1), (0,0,2), (0,0,3) and (0,1,1), (0,2,1), (0,1,2), (0,2,2), (0,1,3), (0,2,3), respectively. (Default none)
(''UREAD''): Wannier U matrix elements are read from the Fleur output file. (Default false)
(''WSCALE s''): Scaling factor ''s'' for the screened Coulomb interaction for spin-wave calculations. ''s'' can be a range...... to be completed! (Default none)
.. _specifics:
Spex and Fleur
In the Fleur [[input]] file there is a flag for writing out the necessary data for a Spex calculation. It is called ''gw'' and is appended to line 23 of the Fleur ''inp'' file.
''n'' can take four values:
* ''gw=0'': No output files are generated (default; the same as omitting ''gw'' and ''numbands'' altogether).
* ''gw=1'': Some basic parameters are written to several files. Otherwise Fleur runs as usual.
* ''gw=2'': All output files necessary for Spex are created and Fleur stops after one iteration (without updating the potential). In this case you should also set ''pot8=T'' and the maximal number of bands ''N''. The latter overrides the default ''neigd'' value in [[fl7para]].
* ''gw=3'': Self-consistent cycle for QSGW. Same as ''gw=1'' but adds {$ \Sigma^{\mathrm{QSGW}}_{\mathrm{xc}}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}')-v_{\mathrm{xc}}(\mathbf{r}) $} to the Hamiltonian in each iteration.
The output files are
* ''gwa'': Basic parameters including the atomic numbers and positions in the unit cell, lattice parameters and basis vectors, FLAPW l cutoff, and local-orbital parameters,
* ''LATTC'': FLAPW G cutoff,
* ''radfun'': radial basis functions,
* ''ecore'': core-electron functions,
* ''eig'': k points, wave-function coeffients (interstitial), energies,
* ''abcoeff'': wave-function coefficients (muffin tins),
* ''vxc'': expectation values of the xc potential (diagonal elements),
* ''vxcfull'': matrix of the xc potential,
* ''qsgw'': matrix of the QSGW self-energy (only for QSGW calculations).
Furthermore Spex needs the Fleur files [[fl7para]] and ''sym.out''.
Some comments about the DFT calculation
Accurate description of conduction states
As in a ''GW'' calculation the conduction states enter both the Green function and the screened interaction, they should be accurately described already in the KS system which is our starting point for the perturbation treatment. The LAPW basis, however, only guarantees well described occupied states. In order to obtain well-converged ''GW'' results, one must make the basis set more flexible, especially in the MT regions, by introducing local orbitals either at high energy parameters or as higher-order energy derivatives [see C. Friedrich et al., Phys. Rev. B 74, 045104 (2006)].
Role of semicore states
High-lying semicore states can appear as badly described "ghost bands" in the valence band region leading to a wrong DFT ground state. A possible solution is to use local orbitals and extend the energy window, such that the semicore states are treated as valence states. On the other hand if the ghost bands are above the Fermi energy, they usually pose no problem in a DFT calculation. In a ''GW'' calculation, however, the conduction states are also relevant, and one must make sure that there are no ghost bands at all in the energy spectrum. Therefore, it might be necessary to treat more (and deeper) semicore states as valence states than are needed in the DFT calculation.
As an indication for such a case the overlap of core states with basis and wave functions calculated in the routine "checkinput" should be checked. As an example, here is the output for Strontium Titanate with


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In her role as a practising Forensic Psychologist, Angela has worked with Prisons, Police Authorities and Secure Hospitals to treat mentally disordered offenders. She is a recognised lecturer on Corporate Psychopaths and Resilience at work, and consults with some of the largest and most prestigious organisations in the UK, from the Royal Bank of Scotland and the Royal Navy to Chelsea Football Club, Toyota, and SONY.
Angela is a Forensic Psychologist.
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text:
Cold Extrusion (Metal)
The proper steel selection for the application depends primarily on the work materials type, strength, thickness and workpiece geometry. The most critical failure mechanisms are adhesive wear, galling, cracking, abrasive wear and plastic deformation. In cold extrusion a punch applies a pressure to a slug of metal and causes it to flow in a controlled manner in the required direction.
Failure mechanisms in cold work tooling
Due to cyclic mechanical loading and sliding contact between work material and tool surface, the active surfaces of the tool are successively damaged. The destruction of the tool will sooner or later lead to quality problems on the formed parts (out of tolerance or bad surface qualities). The tool has then to be exchanged (total failure), reground or refurbished in some way.
This maintenance procedure means production standstill and accordingly loss of productivity. It is therefore very important that the tools can resist the different types of tool failure mechanisms in order to achieve high productivity and economical production. The selection of the right tool steel is thus directly linked to the resistance of the actual tool failure mechanism for the application.


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Hello I want to Compare two webpages using python script. how can i achieve it? thanks in advance!
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what do you want to compare? Do you just want to know whether they are exactly the same? Or whether they look the same? – Sören Mar 8 '11 at 16:50
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2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
First, you want to retrieve both webpages. You can use wget, urlretrieve, etc.:
wget Vs urlretrieve of python
Second, you want to "compare" the pages. You can use a "diff" tool as Chinmay noted. You can also do a keyword analysis of the two pages:
 1. Parse all keywords from page. e.g. How do I extract keywords used in text?
 2. Optionally take the "stem" of the words with something like:
 3. Use some math to compare the two pages' keywords, e.g. term frequency–inverse document frequency: _URL_ with some of the python tools out there like these: _URL_
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Thanks for the detailed comment!! this helped a lot!! – Arackna Mar 8 '11 at 17:14
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What do you mean by compare? If you just want to find the differences between two files, try difflib, which is part of the standard Python library.
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Raising Winter Chicks Part 2
In the last post on raising winter chicks, we talked about the benefits of starting chicks in the winter This post will touch on a few of the concerns people sometimes have about winter chicks: heating requirements, when you can move the chicks out of the brooder, and shipping chicks during cold, winter weather
The Cons of Raising Chicks in the Winter
 1. Where will you keep your chicks?
You will need to consider that baby chicks need a lot of heat, with temperatures around 90F for the first week, and slowly decreasing as


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Melbourne: If reading and re-reading text was still not enough for you to remember it during exams, researchers have devised a new font to help make the process bit more reliable.
Researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) have developed a new font which tricks the human brain into using deeper cognitive processing to remember the text written in it.
As Cnet reports, the font, ironically called Sans Forgetica, is a sans serif style typeface which slants to the left, an usual design principle in typography, and has holes in it.
The unusual features are exactly what make the font use cognitive psychology and make one better remember the text written in it. The psychological learning principle is known as 'desirable difficulty' making the obstruction (holes) work towards better memory retention.


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|Dutch Oven Cooking, Recipes and More|
Soldiers cooked their own food in pots, kettles, Dutch ovens, grills, and broilers. Families often accompanied their men into the field. Women assisted with cooking, sewing, washing clothes, and tending the sick. Children carried firewood or water.
Both British and American officers brought their own home necessities, such as tea strainers, that they used to ease the hardships of battle. Each man supplied his own utensils. These included a spoon, cup, fork, knife, and wood or metal plate. Strong spirits were usually provided.
Now it appears dutch ovens cooking has made a comeback.
Learn more at our dutch oven resource below.


Testing the Accuracy of Soil Tests for Organic Growers
Soil Sample
So long as the soil sample is taken in a way to accurately represent the soil in each field, the soil test will provide the proper information needed to show what needs to be done. Photo by Neal Kinsey, Kinsey Ag Service.
Purpose of Soil Tests
Is it actually possible phat a soil analysis can be accurate enough to provide specific answers to soil fertility needs?
What is the purpose of a soil test? Some feel a soil test should only be considered in order to point the farmer or his agronomist in a general direction. Others use it as a crutch to justify applying fertilizer to grow a certain yield whether it is really needed or not. Still others use a soil analysis to assess the nutrient content and requirements for feeding the soil in order to provide the needs of the living organisms present there and the crop that will be grown. Organic growers should advocate and practice the third point in this set of principles.
But is it actually possible that a soil analysis can be accurate enough to provide specific answers to soil fertility needs? Many claim it is not. And what makes this even harder to determine is the fact that there are numerous ways to test and report nutrient values on a soil test. What evidence is there that real numbers can have real meaning when using a properly conducted soil analysis?
One very common assumption causes great errors in the conclusions some draw when considering the accuracy and value of soil tests. That assumption is that the numbers provided on soil tests from different soil laboratories all mean the same thing. First some laboratories choose to express all or parts of their measured nutrient levels as ppm (parts per million), while others use pounds per acre. Outside the United States it is common for labs to use kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) and milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg, which is actually the same as parts per million), instead of pounds and ppm. That is the easy part to grasp and understand in terms of soil test differences.
Soils that test high in magnesium still grow crops that are deficient in magnesium. Photo by Neal Kinsey, Kinsey Ag Service.
Understanding Soil Tests
What seems so much harder for many to comprehend is that the number on one soil test does not necessarily mean the same thing as that same number on another soil test. Those who believe they always do are all too often making some very serious mistakes.
For example, farmers and growers who request soil tests from our company are advised that calcium should occupy 60-70 percent of the soil's cation exchange capacity. There are other labs who use the same guidelines, but still others who advise 65-75 percent for calcium (Ca) saturation on their soil analysis. The target we shoot for on medium to heavy soils is ideally 68 percent. But that same soil sent to three other labs will not measure 68 percent. One will report it as 64 percent. Another reports it as 74 percent. And still another shows 80 percent. Yet all four labs are considered as within the tolerance range for measuring and reporting calcium levels on that soil.
The lesson here is to learn and follow directions from the laboratory you are using based on their numbers, not a test from some other lab whose numbers could vary considerably and thus lead to wrong conclusions. Sometimes only Ca, Mg (magnesium) and K (potassium) are given as 100 percent of the total soil nutrient saturation from a soil testing lab, while on tests received from some other labs, sodium and other bases also contribute to that 100 percent total. Consequently, a farmer could have a field day and tell everyone he had to reach 80 percent calcium in his fields before attaining his top yields. If the intent is then to take a soil to 80 percent as that farmer found to be beneficial, be sure to send it to the same lab for analysis before deciding to spend what it takes to achieve that percentage. If a soil test from a different lab shows 68 percent calcium saturation when the lab that farmer uses shows it as 80 percent, then it can be a costly mistake to buy and apply the calcium required to reach 80 percent on the test that is showing 68 percent.
Potassium is another example of how number differences on test reports can be misleading. To be most effective for growing crops on the test we use, potassium should be a minimum of 2 percent and a maximum of 7.5 percent to avoid problems caused by having too little or too much. For example, from the test we use, farmers are advised not to drive potassium above 7.5 percent because that will tie up boron availability and above this level also increases weed pressure in the field. Farmers and growers can see this happening to their crops and in their fields. Yet when the same soil is tested by another very reputable soil laboratory, they report that soil as having 8.5 percent potassium. For those who think 7.5 percent on one test means the same on tests from other labs, this now becomes a bone of contention, bringing claims that soil test numbers are just not reliable. If farmers using the test that recognizes the same results at 8.5 percent as the other test at 7.5 percent, then the numbers on the tests are certainly reliable, it is just the ability of the user to interpret those results that must be learned.
But such differences as described in the paragraph above can cause complications when striving to educate farmers and growers about the value of using soil tests. Another problem with high potassium is that when combined with the sodium percentage, and both added together total 10 percent or higher, this will cause manganese uptake to be blocked from the plant, even on soils that show to have excellent manganese levels. But this is not true on the soils that show potassium as 8.5 percent, because then the soils have to be at least 11.00 percent before that happens, and that is assuming that sodium would be reported at the same level on both tests which likely will not be true either. If the farmer wants to use a different test, he will have to work to find the right percentages or find someone he can trust to do it for him.
On any part of the field where magnesium availability drops below 10 percent, the tops on carrots will die prematurely. Photo by Neal Kinsey, Kinsey Ag Service.
Magnesium seems perhaps the best example of all to use for testing the accuracy of a soil test and to demonstrate how exact a soil test can be when used to determine a soil's true fertility. A seldom recognized, rarely acknowledged and extremely costly condition in agriculture is how excessive magnesium in the soil results in a magnesium deficiency in food and feed crops—even those that are organically grown. This is well demonstrated based on the soil testing methods used by Dr. William Albrecht all the way back in the early to middle parts of the last century.
In addition, Dr. Albrecht taught that soils should contain at least 10 percent magnesium to assure that plants could take up an adequate amount from the soil. He maintained that any soil with less than 10 percent magnesium would only grow magnesium deficient plants. This holds true on any soil tests that matches the ability of the test he used to determine magnesium content in the soil. But again, there are soil labs whose methods for determining magnesium are different and when compared to the test Dr. Albrecht used, these soil tests show 8 percent magnesium when the one he used showed 10 percent. So again, due to differences in measurements, there are those who still maintain that magnesium testing is not that useful.
But there is a way to show just how exact that 10 percent figure actually is, when determined the same way Dr. Albrecht did it and then applied to needed magnesium levels for carrot production. This has been shown time after time, and year after year, since the time he taught how to measure and interpret the content of magnesium in the soil. In carrots grown from the East Coast to the West Coast and all in between, in both the US and Canada, this can be counted on to happen for those growing carrots. On any part of the field where magnesium availability drops below 10 percent, the tops on carrots will die pre-maturely in the field if the test being used reflects exactly what the test Dr. Albrecht used does. If a test gives another answer, then when sampled and analyzed based on the same procedures used by Dr. Albrecht, the soil has less than 10 percent magnesium.
Accuracy of Soil Tests
Some still claim a soil test is only to point the farmer in the right direction, but cannot be used for specific measurements. If so, they are using the wrong soil test or else have not been properly taught about how to understand and interpret one that actually works.
Just remember one thing, the advice from a soil test is only as accurate as the sample that is taken and sent for analysis. So long as the soil sample is taken in a way to accurately represent the soil in each field, the soil test will provide the proper information needed to show what needs to be done. When properly taken and interpreted, the soil test is just like a reliable road map. An accurate soil test shows the path needed to reach the point in terms of soil fertility where the farmer or grower needs to be.
You can only properly manage the things you can properly measure. Be sure the soil tests you use are telling you what you need to know to achieve both excellent yields and excellent quality.
Neal Kinsey is owner and President of Kinsey Agricultural Services, a consulting firm that specializes in restoring and maintaining balanced soil fertility for attaining excellent yields while growing highly nutritious food and feed crops on the land. Please call _PHONE_ or see _URL_ for more information.


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The World in 2050
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The World in 2050
Futurism is an Italian fine arts movement that was founded in 1909. Poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti began the movement to celebrate modern technology and to free Italian art from the psychology of the past. Futurism influenced the 20th century's art and design, which opened doors for the movements related to sculpture, theater, architecture, fashion, and music. Futurist principles value the science of computer programming; they believe that computers will make a significant difference in the world many years from now. With technology improving and reaching immense heights there is a great wonder about the world in 2050. What is known is there will be a world completely different in technology and arts, than we are familiar with today.
One very famous futurist is Dr. James Canton. He has been predicting the key trends that have shaped our world for the past 30 years. Dr. Canton is also a CEO and Chairman of the Institute for Global Futures, an entity that advises the government on future trends. He participates in advising the Global Fortune 100 on the trends in innovation, financial services, health care, population, life sciences, energy, security, workforce, climate changes, and globalization. He uses his abilities to answer questions on Global Warming, availability of gas, and the decrease in water. Futurists are authors, consultants, organizational leaders, and others who engage in interdisciplinary and systems thinking to advise private and public organizations on such matters as diverse global trends, plausible scenarios, emerging market opportunities, and risk management.
Media will transform as the years progress and by 2050, the world will be exploding with new technology. This transformation will enhance media making it faster and broader. It will be more efficient and more reliable. Electronics will be easier to access, giving people a chance to enjoy finding what they need quicker. Telephones will be voice activated or one touch dial. Cell phones could be made smaller like a chip. People could place the small chip in their ear and talk whenever they pleased. Only the person wearing the chip can hear the phone ring and with one touch of the finger to the ear the call will be ended or rejected.
Home telephones will be intergraded with cell phones, making people able to receive important calls wherever they are. Creditors or salesmen can no longer call annoying customers to buy their products. People can also have a conversation with as many people as desired and still be able to click over. The home phone can be connected to the television so that callers can have a face to face conversation.
Television will still be greatly appreciated, but the internet will soon be taking over. Television usage will take place everywhere, planes, bathrooms, classrooms, home, etc. It will use virtual reality to make scenes more realistic and exciting. Television's advantages will consist of pause, rewind, fast-forward, internet, telephone, virtual reality, face to face conversation, and education. Television will aid the community and eliminate other electronics.
When the World Wide Web began in 1990, few suspected how successful it would become. The future of the internet is difficult to predict but its rapid acceleration of growth is expected only to increase. High-speed networks will make it possible for professionals to work in ways never before possible. IPods, iPhones, Xboxes, and TiVo's represent the first wave of Internet-centered products that can't be easily modified by anyone except their vendors or selected partners. These "tethered appliances" have already been used in remarkable but little-known ways: car GPS systems have been reconfigured at the demand of law enforcement to eavesdrop on the occupants at all times, and digital video recorders have been ordered to self-destruct thanks to a lawsuit against the manufacturer thousands of miles away. New Web 2.0 platforms like Google and Facebook are fairly secure but their applications can be similarly monitored and eliminated from a central source. The internet as we know is already accessible almost instantaneously and available on the go and in the palm of our hands.
The fear that newspapers will soon be obsolete is a common feeling in today's society. On the one hand, newspapers are expected to supply their content free on the Web. On the other hand, their most profitable advertising--classifieds--is being lost to sites like Craigslist. And display advertising is close behind. Meanwhile, there is the blog terror: people are getting their understanding of the world from random lunatics riffing in their underwear, rather than professional journalists with standards and passports. It has been said that newspaper circulation in America is the same now as it was in the early 1970's when the nation's population was drastically smaller.
Analysts have predicted that the trend of more advanced media and technology will cause the human race to become lazy and obese. With all our wants and needs being at the click of a button there will be no big need for us to move around and be as active as needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle. We can look forward with confidence to a considerable degree of freedom from infectious diseases at a time not too far in the future. Currently our president is working on a method to
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Trees' and insects' growth and development are dependent on environmental factors like temperature (heat), light and humidity. Because insects are cold-blooded, temperature has the greatest effect on insect development rates.Development rate increases as temperature increases up to a point. In the temperature range from 10 to 30 degrees, development rate changes almost linearly with increasing temperature. At very low temperature there is no development, and at very high temperature development is stunted.
Since temperature influences tree growth in a similar manner to insects, development of the various growth stages in the tree is dependent on temperature. Each stage of tree development requires a certain amount of heat units before growth to the next stage will occur. This measure of accumulated heat over time is known as physiological time. For instance, remember the cool, rainy late-winter/early-spring weather we recently had? This year's cherry blossom's in DC went from 2/28/2011 (green color in buds) to 3/29/2011 (peak bloom).Last year's cherry blossoms only went from 3/14/2010 (green color in buds) to 3/31/2010 (peak bloom) because it was warmer earlier – so developmental growth speeded up – and left us with less time to enjoy the blooms.
For many years, growers have observed the arrival or development of a partlcular insect pest with flower bud or leaf development and have timed the applications of sprays in the spring. This is an indirect use of physiological time. Using these natural timers are most useful early in the growing season when tree growth stages are readily observable. However, making accurate predictions on insect life stages throughout the growing season are needed. This is done by measuring degree-days of the insects in question.
What are degree days? Entomologists have determined lower threshold temperatures and degree-day totals for the life stages of many insects by studying their development in the field and the laboratory. The lower developmental threshold for a species is the temperature below which development stops. The upper developmental threshold is the temperature at which the rate of growth or development begins to decrease. Phenology models are then developed and used to predict various events or lifestages of an insect. This is useful for tree and shrub care companies because it gives a general timetable for when to treat insect pests during the correct stages to be effective.
Mother Nature is full of surprises! If you find your insect pest populations are out of control this season and damaging your trees and shrubs, contact Wood Acres Tree Specialists for a consultation. It takes years to grow a beautiful tree or shrub specimen – don't let it be disfigured or destroyed in one season.


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Error when Instantiating Phase in Unit
I'm trying to add a phase to a batch unit. The phase was copied from an existing phase which has already been instantiated and downloaded without any issues. I changed the name of the new phase and the short name. However when I try to instantiate the phase in the Unit I get the following error:
"Only formal instance objects are allowed as children".
I have checked the phase for errors and consistency without any issues being highlighted.
Any help would be much appreciated.
System 800xA SV5.1 FP4 RevD
Voted best answer
As a general principle, if the phase you "copied" is the same as the original, then you really should be using the original, not a copy. If the phases are very similar, then it may be worth writing the phase in such a way it can be used in both units.
Anyway, I assume you've modified the code. It sounds like something odd happened when you originally copied the phase. The "formal instance" implies an issue with the way your phase has been created in the object type structure. ( formal instance definitions are used by the 800xA system to describe how library objects should be instatiated in other structures) Did you paste the copy into the same library or a new library? Where is the unit that are you trying to instantiate the phase into - Object Type structure or Control structure? (The short name is related to how OPC paths are set up by the batch server and should not be related to instantiating the phase )
Can you post some screen shots of your object type structure and control structure as well as the exact message you are getting?


Does honey have an expiration date? Can it go bad?
Honey is a natural food that can lasts a long time and doesn't go bad or get spoiled. As a Smithsonian Magazine article The Science Behind Honey's Eternal Shelf Life states "a slew of factors—its acidity, its lack of water and the presence of hydrogen peroxide—work in perfect harmony, allowing the sticky treat to last forever".
However, honey will not "last forever" if it's not properly kept.
So what should one do to ensure the bottle of honey doesn't get spoiled? Here are three simple actions:
 - Store the honey in a cool and dry environment (it's unnecessary to put it in the refrigerator),
 - Do not expose the honey to direct sunlight or heat, and
 - Ensure the bottle is properly sealed as the honey will draw moisture (and too much moisture will cause fermentation).
Lastly, to benefit from honey's nutritional value always buy quality natural honey that has no added additives, is unadulterated and has not undergone processes such as UV-treatment and heating.
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|We can think of a cyclic word as a word written in a circle. To represent a cyclic word, we choose an arbitrary starting position and read the characters in clockwise order. So, "picture" and "turepic" are representations for the same cyclic word.|
You are given a String words, each element of which is a representation of a cyclic word. Return the number of different cyclic words that are represented.
|-||words will contain between 1 and 50 elements, inclusive.|
|-||Each element of words will contain between 1 and 50 lowercase letters ('a'-'z'), inclusive.|


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The Land Before Time (1988)
overview : An orphaned brontosaurus named Littlefoot sets off in search of the legendary Great Valley. A land of lush vegetation where the dinosaurs can thrive and live in peace. Along the way he meets four other young dinosaurs, each one a different species, and they encounter several obstacles as they learn to work together in order to survive.
Genres : Animation, Adventure, Family
Tags : loss of loved one, vulkan, tyrannosaurus rex, earthquake, primitive time, dinosaur


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National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
It is possible that the main title of the report Wandering Spleen is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
- Displaced Spleen
- Drifting Spleen
- Floating Spleen
- Splenic Ptosis
- Systopic Spleen
- Pelvic Spleen
Congenital wandering spleen is a very rare, randomly distributed birth defect characterized by the absence or weakness of one or more of the ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal position in the upper left abdomen. The disorder is not genetic in origin. Instead of ligaments, the spleen is attached by a stalk-like tissue supplied with blood vessels (vascular pedicle). If the pedicle is twisted in the course of the movement of the spleen, the blood supply may be interrupted or blocked (ischemia) to the point of severe damage to the blood vessels (infarction). Because there is little or nothing to hold it in place the spleen "wanders" in the lower abdomen or pelvis where it may be mistaken for an unidentified abdominal mass.
The spleen is a small organ located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. The spleen removes or filters out unnecessary or foreign material, breaks down and eliminates worn out blood cells, and produces white blood cells, which aid the body in fighting infection. Symptoms of wandering spleen are typically those associated with an abnormally large size of the spleen (splenomegaly) or the unusual position of the spleen in the abdomen. Enlargement is most often the result of twisting (torsion) of the splenic arteries and veins or, in some cases, the formation of a blood clot (infarct) in the spleen.
"Acquired" wandering spleen may occur during adulthood due to injuries or other underlying conditions that may weaken the ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal position (e.g., connective tissue disease or pregnancy).
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
P.O. Box 30105
Bethesda, MD 20892-0105
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
PO Box 8126
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126
For a Complete Report
This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to MyD-H, the Dartmouth-Hitchcock patient portal. You must be a registered MyD-H user for the Lebanon, Manchester, or Nashua locations to access this site.
The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians.
It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder.
For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone _PHONE_; web site _URL_ or email _EMAIL_
Last Updated: 2/11/2008
Copyright 1994, 2003, 2008 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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The aim of this study was to determine whether impaired quality of life (QOL) persisted among patients who experienced resolved chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Eligible participants were patients who were relapse-free for 3 years after allo-HCT who were age ≥16 years at the time of transplantation and age ≥20 years without relapse at the time of the survey. The Medical Outcomes Study's 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT), and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to assess QOL. Physicians evaluated the current status of chronic GVHD at survey using National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, and pretransplantation characteristics and history of GVHD were extracted from the national transplant registry database. Patients without currently active GVHD but with a history of chronic GVHD were categorized as having "resolved GVHD." Of 1250 patients informed of the study, 1216 provided consent and 1130 were included in the final analysis. A total of 745 patients (66%) had currently active chronic GVHD, 149 (13%) had resolved chronic GVHD, and 236 (21%) never had chronic GVHD after allo-HCT. Multivariable analyses showed that compared with patients with resolved or no chronic GVHD, those with active chronic GVHD reported significantly poorer QOL. The QOL scores were similar in patients with resolved chronic GVHD and those without chronic GVHD. Greater between-group differences were observed in SF-36 Physical component and VAS scores in patients age ≥50 years, but the differences were not statistically significant. Our data indicate that only currently active chronic GVHD has a significant impact on physical, mental, and social QOL in allo-HCT survivors, whereas previous chronic GVHD does not impair QOL if it has been resolved.
- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease
- Long-term follow-up
- Quality of life
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Backwards compatibility
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In APL design, backwards compatibility is the practice of ensuring that older codebases or systems are able to work with new APL dialects, versions, or libraries. Since its early development, APL—and in particular widely used commercial dialects—has had a strong emphasis on backwards compatibility. However, there have also been several significant languages that retain core APL ideas while breaking compatibility, including Iverson's own J. Ideas from these languages are sometimes incorporated back into mainstream, backwards-compatible APLs.
APL dialects that emphasize backward compatibility typically apply greater caution when designing features in order to preserve the possibility for extension in the future, and may even consider forward compatibility—the ability for an older system to work, or fail safely, with newer features—when designing. Features designed with less care in the past may cause language inconsistencies in the future indefinitely. For example, Membership's behavior on high-rank arrays is incompatible with and less useful than other high-rank set functions, but extending it in the new way would break too much existing code for commercial APLs to consider it.
Different features in an APL implementation are usually subject to different levels of backwards compatibility constraint. The results of primitives, and the meaning of syntax, are always considered the most important to maintain, while system functions are often handled more loosely and I-beams or user commands may have very low backwards compatibility requirements.
The specific error messages produced by any given error is considered less important keep constant. The standards indeed leave it up to the implementations too decide the order in which various aspects of code validity is checked. For example 'ABC'×1 2 3 4 could be a LENGTH ERROR (3 vs. 4 elements) or a DOMAIN ERROR (attempting to multiply characters). Implementations are known to change the precedence of such errors.
Errors can disappear altogether when the domains of primitives are extended, or additional syntax is added. For example, it is common practice to insert a deliberate error into a function, in order to force execution to halt, and the tracing interface to appear. The traditional way to do so was to insert a line with one a function on it. The FinnAPL idiom library includes
738. Syntax error to stop execution
but this will simply print * in dialects that allow primitive functions to be named. Another common phrase was *** as this is easy to search for while being exceedingly unlikely to appear in code. However, with the adoption of trains, this too became valid, and is likely to print verbatim rather than stop execution. APLcart includes... for the same purpose, relying on the continued prohibition against immediately adjacent dyadic operators other than for outer product (∘.g).
APL dialects that historically have strongly emphasized backwards compatibility include:
In the 1970s and early 1980s it was common to create new APL implementations to run on new hardware. These implementations almost always shared the primitive set of APL.SV or another IBM APL, but often developed new system functions or other peripheral functionality to better match the host system.
Even the languages listed above may make changes to existing behavior. APL2 broke from APL\360 by promoting bracket indexing to higher precedence than stranding, a decision that wasn't taken up by its contemporary Dyalog APL, but was shared by some later dialects including APLX and GNU APL. More recently, Dyalog APL 13.0 broke compatibility for the Power function while introducing complex numbers, which were controversial feature for that and other reasons. Some dialects include a compatibility setting as a system variable.
Notable APL dialects or offshoots that discard backwards compatibility with APL in significant ways include:
Of these, J has built a large enough user base to develop its own backwards compatibility concerns, even though early J design was fairly loose with respect to backwards compatibility. Beginning with version 8.07 in 2018 it has removed various features that are considered less important.
Newer and less commercial APLs such as APL\iv, April, or ngn/apl tend to be less focused on backwards compatibility than historical ones. These dialects tend to take most design choices from a well-known APL such as Dyalog APL or GNU APL, but make small breaks for experimentation or address particular issues. They typically do not support features that were historically important but are now rarely used, such as shared variables or Branch, and may discard features that are still in use but have an adequate replacement, for example removing tradfns in favor of dfns.
External links
APL development [edit]
Interface SessionTyping glyphs (on Linux) ∙ FontsText editors
Publications IntroductionsLearning resourcesSimple examplesAdvanced examplesMnemonicsStandardsA Dictionary of APLCase studiesDocumentation suitesBooksPapersVideosPeriodicalsGerman terminologyNeural networks
Sharing code Backwards compatibilityAPLcartAPLTreeAPL-CationDfns workspaceTatin
Vendors APL2000DyalogGNU APL community ∙ IBMIPSASTSC


Starting Point-Teaching Entry Level Geoscience > Gallery Walks > Examples of Gallery Walk Questions > Gallery Walk Questions on Air Pressure and Wind
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Gallery Walk Questions on Air Pressure and Wind
created by Mark Francek, Central Michigan University
The following are potential questions that could be used in a gallery walk activity about Air Pressure and Wind. The questions are organized according to the cognitive level at which students are engaged, using Bloom's Taxonomy.
Name the earth's semi-permanent pressure zones.
1. The top of the page represents north. Draw a SW wind. Draw a NE flowing river.
2. Explain how these different local winds originate: land-sea breezes, mountain-valley breezes, katabatic winds, and the regional monsoons.
It's your wedding day and you want blue sky for the pictures. Draw pressure cells on the map that would likely produce a) fair skies, south wind b) clearing skies, northwest wind c) warm, rainy, winds from the south.
1. Discuss how surface air pressure would be impacted by air density and temperature.
2. Create a scenario that would modify the following at the global and local scales.
a) incoming solar radiation
b) gravity
c) pressure gradient force
d) Coriolis force
e) friction force
1. Write a wind forecast for a location near the equator assuming the earth ceased to rotate and your location is on the side of the earth facing the sun.
2. How is unequal heating of the earth responsible for our predominant wind pattern here in Michigan?
Rank the critical energy and matter transformations necessary to create a west wind.
Learn more about creating questions for Gallery Walk using Bloom's Taxonomy
« Gallery Walk Questions on Weathering and Mass Wasting Gallery Walk Questions on Atmosphere Composition »


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server 150 does not detect a match, the server will continue to monitor the ID lists at step 320.
Location information (Tower ID and Device ID) is sent to the awareness server 150 at a predetermined time interval if the wireless device is locked onto one tower. If the device is not locked onto a tower, location information is sent immediately to the awareness server 150. An example of this includes the scenario where a wireless device switches to another tower.
In addition to broadcasting the Tower ID that the wireless device is currently connected to, the wireless device also sends a list of all neighbouring Tower IDs. This Tower ID list includes network towers from the device's own network carrier, as well as other neighbouring carriers using the same network technology (e.g., CDMA, GSM, etc). For example, a device broadcasts location information to the awareness server. It sends its Device ID, Tower ID AA from GSM network carrier X that it is currently communicating on, and neighbouring Tower IDs AB, AC and AD that are in proximity. Tower ID AB is on the same network carrier X, but Tower IDs AC and AD are on GSM network carrier Y. This device connects only to network towers AB and AC from its own carrier; it can hear network towers AC and AD from a neighbouring network, but the device cannot connect to these towers.
One reason for reporting neighbouring Tower IDs (network towers) is to assist in monitoring of the Buddy list. The monitoring object 320 includes intelligent logic to resolve contacts that are in proximity on different network towers of the same network or on different networks. For example, if there are two contacts in San Francisco, one on a GPRS network and the other on a CDMA network and both users have the client application on their devices, the awareness server 150 will resolve a proximity match and send an awareness notification to both devices.
The wireless proximity logic does not require additional hardware such as Global Positioning System (GPS) peripheral to report location updates. The mapping of wireless proximity is conducted using a comparison of the list of wireless network towers. The awareness server 150 monitors a Buddy list, a Device list and a Tower list. If there is a match between buddies (contacts) on a user's Buddy list, with a specific device and tower, the awareness server will send out a notification to alert both contacts of their proximity.
A matching algorithm 440 performs a comparison of devices and network towers. If there is a match between multiple devices on the same network tower, the alerter object 450 is triggered to send out an awareness notification 340 to the wireless device. If there is no match, the matching algorithm will return to the monitor object 430 to continually monitor incoming requests from the Server Listener object 410. User preference is taken into consideration when alerts are sent out. For example, an awareness notification 340 is not sent out to individuals on the Buddy-list that are deemed blocked, or in an ignore or "Do Not Disturb" mode, even if there is a proximity match.
In certain embodiments of the awareness server 150, the matching algorithm 440 may include a time-based logic, capable of performing a fuzzy logic match, based on a configurable level of granularity. The fuzzy logic match is used to determine proximity of contacts in a Buddy list. For example, a user's contact in his Buddy list is 60 minutes away communicating on Tower A, and the user can hear Tower A. The fuzzy logic of the matching algorithm 440 generates a "proximity hit" of within an hour for that buddy and reports this detail to the user.
Once data is received on the receiver 510, it is sent to the client listener object 520 for processing. Based on the type of data received, the client listener object 520 will trigger the alerter object 530 to generate an audible or visual alert if the incoming data is an awareness notification 340 or pass the data onto the Updater object 550 if the incoming data is a Tower ID. The Updater object 550 will package the Tower ID info and combine it with the Device ID, the device unique identifier, and submit this info to the Transmitter object 560. The Transmitter object controls the RF Transmitter hardware on the device to send the update data back to the Awareness Server 150 as a status update. In addition to receiving information from the client listener object 520, the updater object 550 receives periodic requests to update the device status from the timer object 560.
This design has a number of strengths which include the following:
The client application and awareness server 150 may include additional features. One feature is to incorporate filters to determine user preference. Filters may be used to turn on/off notification, to accept/block users asking for presence tracking, and to place the user in different modes such as "Do Not Disturb", "Available", "In a Meeting" and "Offline" mode.
An additional feature may be to extend the awareness server to incorporate connectivity with instant messaging systems, for example, ICQ, AIM, MSN, Yahoo, and enable proximity awareness with contacts in these systems. A further feature may be to incorporate the functionality of the components of the awareness server 150 into the client application, thereby allowing communication between multiple users without the requirement of a server component.
The above-described embodiments of the present application are intended to be examples only. Those of skill in the art may effect alterations, modifications and variations to the particular embodiments without departing from the scope of the application.


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Employment equity laws ensure workplace fairness
Explore This Story
At long last a measure of employment equity is coming to the Peel District School Board (PDSB) with its recently announced "Journey Ahead Action Plan." This plan, which the PDSB states will "transform" its work sets out findings, timelines and tasks for "Equitable Hiring and Promotion" flows from a settlement of a human rights complaint by a teacher, Ranjit Khatkur who had alleged before the Hearings Tribunal of Ontario that the PDSB's hiring and promotion practices were resulting in the systemic exclusion of applicants of racially and culturally diverse backgrounds. The 15-page Action Plan includes such measures as conducting a demographic survey of the school board workforce, removing artificial barriers to hiring, and training principals on how to conduct bias-free job interviews.
Sadly, PDSB is not the only workplace that is plagued with discrimination. Most employers, like the PDSB, don't voluntarily change their practices. It often takes legal proceeding to compel them into action.
Just think where Khatkur and other worthy job applicants might be at this point had Ontario not repealed its 1993 Employment Equity Act.
Employment equity laws and policies focus on redressing inequalities by requiring employers to plan to end discriminatory practices facing women, racialized and aboriginal peoples, people living with disabilities and others who are similarly disadvantaged.
Supreme Court of Canada Justice Rosalie Abella's 1984 royal commission report documented how these disadvantaged groups populate the bottom rungs of the labour market — facing systemic discriminatory barriers in getting and keeping good jobs and earning fair pay. Justice Abella found that "systemic discrimination," while often not intentional, was embedded in the labour market and employers' systems of hiring, promotion, conditions of work and pay. She called for employment equity laws and policies since insufficient progress was being made with voluntary measures or under a complaint-based human rights laws.
The 2004 Federal Pay Equity Task Force Report relying on Statistics Canada data again documented the pay disparities faced by these groups and called for strengthened pay equity laws to address them. The federal government rejected this report. While some progress has been made since 1986, a recently released Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives report, "A Living Wage as a Human Right," documents how discrimination continues to affect the ability of many workers to earn a living wage. This persistent state of inequality continues while the income of the average CEO has grown to 189 times the income of the average Canadian.
Despite this evidence of widespread inequalities, Conservative governments have strongly opposed employment equity laws. In 1995, the Ontario Conservative government repealed Ontario's then Employment Equity Act, 1993 based on false allegations that the law created reverse discrimination and arbitrary quotas. Nothing could have been further from the truth — the law just required employers to make sure that all qualified candidates were considered on an equal footing.
The Federal Employment Equity Act and Federal Contractors Program were established in 1986 as a way for Canada to move forward to meet its international and domestic human rights obligations. Under the act and the program, there is a mandatory obligation for employers to first identify the barriers in their workplaces which are faced by these disadvantaged groups and then, working with a union if any to take steps to plan for the elimination of those barriers and enact positive measures, goals and targets which will lead to a more representative and inclusive workforce.
Yet last June, without notice or public consultation, Canadians woke up to discover that one of their important protections, the mandatory obligations of federal contractors to plan and work toward discrimination-free workplaces had been eliminated by a legislative amendment buried deep in the Federal omnibus budget bill.
Until June 2012, federal contractors had to commit to comply with the Employment Equity Act in order to obtain government contracts. More than 1,000 employers are currently covered by the program, involving 1.2 million employees. Now, the law leaves it to the minster's discretion to decide what rules federal contractors should follow.
Why is it important for rules to be mandatory? Because history has shown that employers need government rules to ensure that they act fairly. Employers are very familiar with developing plans which identify a problem and set targets and timetables for resolving that problem or developing a new product. Employment equity laws just require businesses to use that same model for maintaining discrimination-free workplace.
Effective human rights enforcement is one of the best investments a country can make. With disadvantaged groups struggling in this volatile economy and Canada needing to take advantage of the skills and qualifications of all its workers, this is not the time to scrimp on human rights enforcement. A labour market that allows vulnerable workers to be channelled into low-paid, undervalued work when the economy needs their skills will not be able to compete successfully in the global economy.
Planning to achieve and maintain employment equity will attract and retain the most talented workers, increase productivity, stimulate the economy and increase competitiveness while giving everyone equal opportunities to work. We need to strengthen the Federal Employment Equity Act and we hope the new premier-designate will bring similar legislation back to Ontario.
Mary Cornish is chair of the Equal Pay Coalition; Avvy Yao-Yao Go is director of the Metro Toronto Chinese & Southeast Asian Legal Clinic; John Rae is former president of the Alliance for Equality of Blind Canadians.
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Definitions of quote:
- noun: a passage or expression that is quoted or cited
- noun: a punctuation mark used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else
- verb: put quote marks around
- verb: repeat a passage from
Example: "He quoted the Bible to her"
- verb: refer to for illustration or proof
Example: "He said he could quote several instances of this behavior"
- verb: name the price of
Example: "Quote prices for cars"
Search for quote at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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Japan Summons (日本国召喚, Nihonkoku Shoukan) is a Japanese light novel series written by Minorou and illustrated by Toi8.
Plot[edit | edit source]
In the Great Orient, lies the continent called Rodenius.
One day, an unidentified flying object arrived at Qua-Toyne Principality's airspace. The unidentified flying object defied the Principality's common sense. But that unidentified flying object was just a harbinger of something even more shocking.
Far to the eastern sea, a group of islands suddenly appeared. The country of the islands called itself: Japan. According to them, their nation had been transported to another world.
Now finding themselves separated from their old world and must survive in the new one, how will Japan interact with the native countries of this world? Will they greet her as a friend or as an enemy?
This is a story of the country called Japan as it was engulfed in the chaotic storm of the world.
Media[edit | edit source]
Web Novels[edit | edit source]
Light Novels[edit | edit source]
Manga[edit | edit source]
Trivia[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]


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Harvest, Postharvest Handling, Storage and Transport
Contamination that occurs at or after
harvest is of special concern because there is less time for natural processes
to reduce contamination to a safe level before someone eats the produce.
A final "food safety field check" before
harvest identifies situations that suggest a field might be contaminated and
shouldn't be harvested. After harvest, producers must focus on checking the
cleanliness of every surface, implement, container, and spray that touches the
produce, as well as any vehicle or building used to transport, pack, process,
or store the produce.
Practices that maintain postharvest
quality (such as grading out damaged or decayed product and cooling produce to
appropriate temperature) are also recommended to reduce the risk of foodborne
illnesses. There are a number practices to minimize risk during harvest,
postharvest handling, storage, and transport. Growers should:
- Practice good general
- Clean equipment
- Ensure water quality
- Separate hazardous materials
- Control temperature and
The resources below provide detailed
looks at harvest and postharvest concerns. Use the
information to learn about
the risks, assess an operation, and identify changes that will reduce risk.


The Republic of the union of myanmar
Ministry Of Electricity And Energy
Breaking News :
Electricity Supply Department
Duties and Responsibilities of Distribution Department
Distribution Department shall:
 1. Perform the tasks systematically related to negotiation to get sufficient electrical power supply with transmission system operator in order to distribute the qualified/efficient electrical power continuously and to monitor the substations and distribution lines within the electrical system/network;
 2. Perform the task related to testing the existing substations, overhead lines and transformers, regular monitoring, maintenance and extension as necessary/required;
 3. Perform the task related to the reduction of the electrical losses;
 4. Perform the task related to acquiring the electrical power from alternated power supply under the exceptional condition;
 5. Perform the task systematically related to establishing the monitoring system/load control center by using the advanced information technology;
 6. Develop the systematic plan in advance to make sure to recover the electrical power if there are unexpected circumstances of electrical power break down.


text:
(written from a Production point of view)
Jon Michael Picard was a French Human that lived during the 16th century. He was a descendant of Françoise de Picard and Madame de La Barre, and a far ancestor of the La Barre and Picard family, and Captain Jean-Luc Picard.
The article containing this information was included in the Picard family album during the filming of Star Trek Generations. However, the information is non-canon as the article was never seen on-screen.


text: This article focuses on consumers' unconscious counter-reactions to incidentally received advertising appeals. Recipients can be influenced automatically by incidental ad exposure due to evaluative conditioning processes, mere-exposure effects, or priming events. However, it is assumed that such processes, especially priming events, can also lead to automatic counter-reactions. To test this assumption experimentally, the type of ad exposure was systematically varied between focused, incidental, and control. Among other variables participants' response latencies to consumption-critical word pairs in comparison to neutral pairs were measured to assess the ability to counter-react received advertising information. Response latencies were considerably lower in the focused and incidental test conditions than they were in the control group. Since participants in the incidental group were only able to analyze the ads preattentively, results indicate an automatic activation of consumption-critical motives or cognitions—critical associations were more available here. Thus, results provisionally support the underlying hypothesis.


text: In this paper we give a general theorem which can be used to multiply the length of amicable sequences keeping the amicability property and the type of the sequences. As a consequence we have that if there exist two, four or eight amicable sequences of length m and type (al, a2), (al, a2, a3, a4) or (al, a2, …, as) then there exist amicable sequences of length ℓ ≡ 0 (mod m) and of the same type. We also present a theorem that produces a set of 2v amicable sequences from a set of v (not necessary amicable) sequences and a construction method for amicable sequences of type (al, al, a2, a2,..., av, av) from v pairs of disjoint (0, ±1) amicable sequences. Using these results we can obtain many infinite classes of Kharaghani type orthogonal designs. Actually, if there exists an Kharaghani type orthogonal design of order n and of type (al, a2, …, av), which is constructed from sequences, then there exists an infinite family of Kharaghani type orthogonal designs of the same type which is constructed from appropriate sequences.


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Science: Balls and Ramps
These resources explore basic concepts of science related to balls and ramps. Learn about the characteristics and properties of balls and ramps, relationship between the physical properties of balls and their motion, and some of the factors that affect the way balls behave. Includes lesson plans, experiments, and simulations. There are also links to eThemes Resources on force and motion, and gravity.
TEACHEngineering: How High Can a Super Ball Bounce?
Students learn about elasticity for super balls; includes: prerequisite knowledge, learning objectives, materials list, introduction, vocabulary, procedures, safety issues, troubleshooting tips, investigating questions, assessment, activity extensions,and activity scaling advice.
PBS Kids: Balls and Ramp
This lesson introduces students to the concept of gravity; includes materials needed and activity instructions.
NOTE: This site includes a discussion board (message board, forum, etc).
In this experiment, students learn about factors such as temperature and construction that affect the height of a ball bouncing.
Basketball: A Physicist Party Trick
Through these activities, students learn the relationship between energy of a basketball and how high it bounces.
BBC: Force and Movement
Play an interactive game and observe the relationship between force, size of a car, and steepness of a ramp. NOTE: The "Talk" link leads to a discussion forum.
BBC: Forces in Action
Observe how far the truck travels with changing the gradient. Note: The "Talk" link is a link to discussion forum.
Ramps 1: Let it Roll
In this lesson, students will explore and measure the rate of spherical objects rolling down a ramp.
This experiment aims to help students understand things that affect the distance and speed of objects rolling from ramps.
eThemes Resource: Physics: Force and Motion
These sites cover the basic concepts of physics. Learn about force, motion, and friction using interactive simulations where you can manipulate the variables. Includes links to an eThemes on Simple Machines, Magnets, and Gravity.
eThemes Resource: Physics: Gravity
These sites explain how the earth's gravity works. Includes photographs, simulations, videos, hands-on activities, and online quizzes. Included are eThemes resources on mass versus weight and force.