text: Advances in computing has undoubtfully been one of the main catalysts in the formation of the discipline always known as Statistics. A fundamental question addressed here is whether computing facilities, such as parallel or high performance computing, could assist in the development of methodologies that render stronger results, based on some predetermined optimality criterion. The candidate at the hand of which this enquiry is made, is the arc length of some statistical function. Estimation, goodness-of-fit, linear regression and non-linear regression, which may all be considered as central themes in Statistics, are revisited, and redefined in terms of this new measure. The results resulting from these arc length methodologies are obtained from simulation, as well as from real case studies, and contrasted to that obtained using their classical counterparts. Mathematical premises for the proposed methods are provided, together with the documentation accompanying the companion R package, along with the data utilised for the applications.


text:
that correlate with short survival times for patients with glioblastoma.
Several university-operated visualization tools can address this question. Oncoprints at MSKCC cBio Portal show survival curves associated with genomic alterations in the Survival tab. Alternatively, the University of California Santa Cruz Cancer Genomics Browser lets you probe associations between an array of clinical parameters and genomic data for many data sets. Click on Cancer Genomics Browser at the top of the menu on the left to be directed to the list of data sets. After choosing a data set, click on the Heatmap box in the tab that appears on the right to view genomic and clinical heat maps. You can explore associations between a clinical feature and genomic changes by clicking the Features button above the clinical heat map. This opens a window in which you can create two patient groups based on various differences, say, in age at diagnosis. Select Student's T-test from the Statistic drop-down menu and hit Generate Statistics to view all the statistically significant genomic differences between the groups: red bars and green bars indicate that genomic variation is more likely in group 1 or group 2, respectively. You can zoom in to get genomic data from individual samples, which are arranged vertically above the corresponding chromosomal position, says Jing Zhu, who manages the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser. She encourages researchers who want more information about these clinical parameters to contact her team at _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Hello everybody, Maurizio here.
We got a few requests for a how-to on this situation: sometimes, after you replace your hard drive (and therefore copy the files from the old to the new drive), even if you pay attention to preserve the original file paths on the new drive, you see that the files (or the folders) start having this "disconnected" icon:
and if you try to open the files (or the folders), you are asked to insert the old drive, which does not exist anymore:
Why does this happen? Why does Tabbles not know that the files are now on the new drive? And what to do about it? This blog post answers these questions.
First, why does Tabbles not know about it? Well, to be fair, if you had moved your files with Tabbles or with Explorer, everything would be fine, meaning that Tabbles would have detected the move operation, and would have updated its internal paths and disk informations, so it would know that your files are now on the new drive. But since you copied the files to the new drive (or moved them while Tabbles was not installed), Tabbles does not detect the move operation. So it cannot find the files; the disk looks detached to Tabbles.
What is the solution? Unfortunately, for now, there is no point-and-click way to tell Tabbles that a disk has been replaced with another. The solution is to use Sql Server Management Studio to manually run a script. Here are the detailed instructions:
First, (if you are using Tabbles LAN) backup your tabbles.mdf database file, in case you make mistakes and need to restore it later. The location of this file will be something like:
C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL11.SQL2012/MSSQL/DATA/tabbles.mdf
(the actual path depends on where you chose to install Sql Server).
Now we are ready to start.
First, you should take note of the new disk serial number, and the new disk size, as follows:
In Tabbles, locate the new drive in the side panel; right-click on the new drive, and choose:
folder menu > advanced > see which disk contains this file
Then a dialog will open, like this:
Take note of the disk serial number and disk size. These info are about the new drive (or, more precisely, partition).
Now we need to find the serial number and size of the old disk drive (partition). To do this, locate a file with the "disconnected" icon (by opening a tabble that contains it). Then right click the file itself, and choose "advanced -> see which disk contains this file":
And take note of serial number and size.
Now you know four values which we will call: OLDSERIAL, NEWSERIAL, OLDSIZE, NEWSIZE.
Now, intuitively speaking, we need to tell Tabbles the following: "Any file on a drive with serial number OLDSERIAL and size OLDSIZE must be changed to have NEWSERIAL and NEWSIZE".
If you are using Tabbles Cloud, write us at _EMAIL_, tell us the four values, and we'll do the change.
If, on the other hand, you are using Tabbles LAN, do the following:
open Microsoft Sql Server Management Studio:
In this login dialog, enter administrator credentials (the same credentials that you used to create the tabbles database in the first place). For that, it will most likely be sufficient to choose "Windows authentication", if you configured Sql Server so that your Windows user has super-user privileges. Else, you will need to choose sql authentication:
And you will need to write login and password of the super-user, which you defined when you installed sql server.
After login, you need to start a new query with this button:
And enter the following script:
use tabbles;
update [file]
where diskId = '§OLDSERIAL§OLDSIZE';
Of course, replace NEWSERIAL etc. with the actual values. So the actual query will look like this:
use tabbles;
update [file]
set diskId = '§0CED08AF§278768590848'
where diskId = '§AC4D085§451577638912';
then press the execute button:
And the change will be applied. Now you should no longer see the "disconnected" icon in Tabbles, and be able to open the files once again.
I hope this helps. Should you have questions following this tutorial, please feel free to comment here, or in the forum.
There are quite a few how-tos like this that we want to write. See you to the next episode!


Shortlisted in Campuses and Corporate Gardens in 2021:
Lupin Research Park
Pune, India, the locale of Lupin Research Park, is known for its drastic dry climate and heavy monsoon, causing the land to be semi-arid, where little rain occurs in one season and overly compensates in another. This variation in precipitation consequently leads to hostile conditions for the ecosystem to thrive.
Based on India local farmer's wisdom, we learn how this technique of employing step grading can help slow down and retain water while preventing soil erosion on the existing sloped terrains, at the end, allowing efficient agriculture practice under challenging climate. As a result, this same idea of stepping and undulating surface is applied to the landscape design and water management preparation, making the overall project survive and thrive sustainably under extreme conditions. Along with thoughtful programming, Lupin Research Park offers an ecological friendly environment and microclimate, inviting its employees to gather outside amidst greenery all-day long.
Step Mountain
Lupin's main entrance is introduced as a main pathway starting from one side of the grand steps, cut across and ramped up to form a mountain shape which negotiates a drastic level difference between the road and the building's 1st floor. It helps reduce run-off and soil erosion, offers lounging spaces on those steps while committing 1:12 ramp for people with disabilities. Local tree groves and contrasting shrubs are grown through parts of steps to soften hardscape elements. Moreover, by planting a mono-species terrace of local Silver Oaks give a nice clean visual while staying true to the subtropical forest condition.
Rain Garden Corridor
In order to sustain the dense greenery with less watering, this edging zone of Lupin is made lower to receive run-off water from the whole site, including the roof drainage. PVC-based perforated tanks are constructed along the path to collect water during wet season, and slowly release the excessive to adjacent dried-up underground soil via osmosis reaction on dry season. This becomes a rain garden that naturally dampened all year round as a result of sustainable water management, which helps mitigate unusual precipitation as well. Dense layers of trees varied in sizes and species are also planted along the site boundary, composing a forest-like backdrop and harnessing biodiversity for the campus. Employees can then come out through meandering walking paths, gather privately in timber cabanas and enjoy their times amidst lush and serene nature too.
Lupin Terrace
A large green lawn is created in front of the establishment, where the grand meeting room, a provision for Lupin's major events, is located. Between the grand meeting room and the lawn, there're a reflective pond, flowering meadow and amphitheater terrace, together forming a nice cooling space, sometimes used for training sessions. Soft violet flowers from Jacaranda trees around the area produce large panicles and play a pleasant color contrast to the luscious greenery.
Lupin Terrace also offers a subtle transition from the building to the site entrance as the amphitheater terrace is proposed, connecting different ground levels, yet forming a functional space, while the green lawn is terminated with a series of unique staggering retaining walls. Here, they also function as front feature walls seen from the outside public roadway. Once the sun sets, the lighting illuminates the wall and provides safety usage as well as denoting the place where wholesome combination of forms and functions, blending inside and outside can be experienced.
Farm Terrace
At the back of the building beside the canteen is the Farm Terrace, comprising long communal tables topped with trees and edible garden, inviting people to gather outside amidst crafted agricultural patterns. This emphasizes the blurring between interior and exterior, while fostering interaction between employees, nature and their workplace.
Forest Court
Surrounded by the building on 3 sides, the courtyard is an ideal all-day seating area as it is well protected from harsh sunlight and wind. Pocket seats are distributed among groups of trees surrounded by an immense reflective pond. As there are interactive fountains and water features operated, this then becomes an arrival point that enhances microclimate and provides soothing ambience. At the same time, the adjustable interactive water jet also gives flexibility usage according to any chosen mood, date and time or functions, supporting variety in pace of everyday lives of Lupin's researchers.
Roof Garden
Without restraining greenery only at ground level, the roof garden on the 2nd floor is created. As during the day, employees may not wish to step down to access the main landscape, they can take a quick break here instead and see the overall view of Farm Terrace from above.
Design Director: Prapan Napawongdee
Landscape Architect: Katavet Sittikit, Pat Wongkittipat, Krittaya Ngamkamollert
Horticulturist: Tanee Sawasdee
Photographer: Wison Tungthunya
Project location: Pune, India
Design year: 2015-2016
Year Built: 2017
friends, sponsors, media partners


text:
Algebra Seminar talk
Antoine Mottet (Univerzita Karlova)
Cores of structures with a Ramsey expansion
A core is a relational structure whose endomorphisms behave locally as automorphisms. Cores are objects that appear naturally in the study of constraint satisfaction problems, and in this context it is an important question to determine which classes of structures can be reduced to the study of the cores inside them. The class of finite structures is a trivial such example, and the class of countably categorical structures is another (Bodirsky, 2003). In this talk, I will show that the same holds for structures admitting a countably categorical Ramsey expansion. This is joint work with Michael Pinsker.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


DOM Range Deletions
Date: Mon, 14 Jun 2010 15:31:48 +0100
Message-ID: <_EMAIL_-a-geek.net>
I've been trying to implement DOM Range but can't work out how ranges
are supposed to work under mutation.
In the following examples I use *this* to indicate a range being deleted
and slashes to indicate another range.
Section 2.6 - Deleting Content with a Range gives the example of
Section 2.12.2 - Deletions says:
"If a boundary-point of the original Range is within the content being
deleted, then after the deletion it will be at the same position as the
resulting boundary-point of the (now collapsed) Range used to delete the
We then have the example of:
ABCD efgh T*he Range* ijkl
 / \
Goes to
ABCD ange ijkl
 / \
The two examples seem to operate on documents with the same structure,
and therefore the range being deleted should collapse to the same place
(just before the BAR or EM tag). Why does the start point of the range
end up inside the "ange" text node rather than in the P with offset 1
(i.e. after "ABCD ")?
Andrew Oakley
Received on Monday, 14 June 2010 14:30:16 GMT


US Department of Energy
Date of this Version
AIP Conf. Proc. #811, pp. 54-59 (2006)
High resolution photoelectron spectra of xenon clusters of about 100 atoms, measured with photon energies of 20 to 60 eV are reported. Peaks due to the clusters are observed at lower binding energies than the corresponding atomic lines and exhibit different behaviors. The peak associated with the Xe 5p1/2 state at higher binding energy is relatively unchanged with photon energy whereas the Xe 5p3/2 peak changes its shape with increasing photon energy. The change is attributed to differences in the escape depth of the electrons at different kinetic energies and the bulk and surface components of the cluster.


Armchair + Wardrobe
Armchair + Wardrobe
revisited - adapted and manufactured by me and _USER_
In 1974, the Italian designer Enzo Mari published 19 furniture designs that one could make by oneself in his book 'Autoprogettazione?', thereby creating a milestone in the history of design.
As an alternative to Formalism and intended as a democratisation of design, with the 'Autoprogettazione' programme Enzo Mari created a provocative counter-proposal to the capitalist paradigm of mass consumption.
It is not easy to translate into English the Italian word Autoprogettazione. Literally it means auto = self and progettazione = design. But the term 'self-design' is misleading since the word 'design' to the general public now signifies a series of superficially decorative objects.
By the word autoprogettazione Mari means an exercise to be carried out individually to improve one's personal understanding of the sincerity behind the project. Build furniture yourself, as you need it. That was the idea.
Content by
Pictures: Elena Veronese - Simone Serlenga


Arduino WSPR
This page details my experimental AD9851 WSPR transmitter. Visit the WSPR page for my standard WSPR tests. These pages are also related to this, and may be of an interest to you: Arduino AD9851 Arduino RTTY Arduino QRSS 1W PA for 10MHz
This page assumes that you already have an Arduino board and AD9851 DDS chip in some form, for example the DDS-60 board by AmQRP. See the Arduino AD9851 board for my solution.
Source Code for AD9851 Simple WSPR Transmitter You'll need to generate your own data, as detailed in the text.
Theory of the WSPR Protocol
This section is the theory of how WSPR works. You do not need to understand any of this in order to make a WSPR transmitter. I worked through it because I was interested in the theory and maths. But I guess most people are not! 🙂
The first thing I did was see what frequencies were needed to be transmitted. This can be done with the WSPR program from the command line. Read the manual, WSPR Instructions found here. Most importantly the section entitled GENERATING A LIST OF TX TONE FREQUENCIES. This section describes making custom hardware or MCU solutions to transmit WSPR – exactly what I was trying to do! Wikipedia also has an interesting section, WSPR Protocol Specification, which contains some information.
WSPR has a fixed standard message of the station's callsign, 4-digit QRA locator and signal power in dBm. My example would be "M1GEO JO01 20" where M1GEO is my callsign, JO01 is the first 4 digits of my QRA locator and 20dBm (is roughly 100 mW). In total, 50 bits are used (28 for the callsign, 15 for the locator, and 7 for the power).
Using a high convolution code of length 32 and rate 0.5 as parameters for the forward error correction (messages are encoded in a redundant way, so the loss of information, here bits, has a greatly reduced impact on the quality of the message received) allows for a very redundant code.
If we expand this out, we can work out the number of binary symbols required to send this data. This convolutional encoding is explained mathematically here. Binary channel theory is explained here too. You don't need to understand these, just to know it happens is enough. This is the theory of why it works, how averaging the noise, redundant encoding (FEC) and other measures will help our cause. Here, just believe me, this is how it works out – our original 50 bits become the following number of symbols:
N_{sym} = 2(B + = 2(50 + [32-1) = 2(81) = 162 \; bits
The protocol specification states:
Each tone should last for 8192/12000 = 0.682666667 seconds, and transitions between
tones should be done in a phase-continuous manner.
This is a pre-chosen value, 8192/12000, (simplifies to 256/375) which was chosen because it works out nicely. Transmissions are a reasonable length of time, a computer sound-card can work with this value well.
Inverting this tone length, we get the tone separation:
F_{sep} = \frac{1}{T_{tone}} = \frac{1}{\frac{256}{375}} = \frac{375}{256} \approx 1.46 \; Hz.
as specified in the protocol. Next we know that we're using MFSK-4 (4 frequencies) with a separation of 1.4648 Hz, such that we can send our pseudo-random synchronisation vector. We work out the total occupied bandwidth,
BW_{tot} = T \times F_{sep} = 4 \times \frac{375}{256} = \frac{375}{64} \approx 6 \; Hz
The 162-bit seudo-random synchronisation vector (PRSV) serves to help the receiver to synchronise. It affords the receiving station some data that it knows to expect. It is able to find this pattern mixed in with your message (callsign, locator, power) and has therefore found your signal too. The 4 tones, mentioned above in our bandwidth calculation can be used to represent 1-bit of the PRSV and one bit of the message (00, 01, 10, 11). One of these four tones is called a channel symbol, and conveys one sync vector bit (LSB) and one data message bit (MSB). We send two bits at a time, hence 4 tones.
From here, we can work out the transmission time,
N_{sym} \times T_{tone} = 162 \times \frac{256}{375} = \frac{13824}{125} \approx 110.6 \; s
The protocol also specifies that transmission timeslots start one second into the even UTC minute.
Using The WSPR Binary to Generate Tone Data
For a starting position, I decided to use the WSPR binary application to generate the tone data. I am only really interested in the tone numbers (second column). In case you skipped the theory section, the protocol specification is set out here: and describes the many options to do with the WSPR binary command line. Here I just get the computer to generate my callsign, locator and power, 100 mW (M1GEO JO01 20). Note you need to use the WSPR.exe program or the wspr0 binary under Linux. Using the script just starts the WSPR GUI.
Old Versions:
./wspr0 Tx 0 0.0015 0 M1GEO JO01 20 11 New Versions: ./wspr0 -t -X -c M1GEO -g JO01 -dBm 20
WSPR generator
The power here shows 17 dBm. It was changed later to 20 dBm
The output data, tells you the bit number, and they're to be transmitted in this sequence. The next column tells you the tone number, 0-3, and the final column shows the frequency for the offsets you have entered in the two values after the Tx argument.
If you're running a Linux or Unix based system, running the command below will create you a list of tone numbers, separated by commas. If you're running Windows, I'm sure there are ways to do this (one of which is doing it yourself). I can't offer you any advice. Sorry.
./wspr0 -t -X -c M1GEO -g JO01 -dBm 20 | awk '{print2}' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/,/g'
This data can then be input into your Arduino Code as a data array.
Simple WSPR Transmitter
You can use this data to transmit WSPR very simply. Putting this data into an array allows for easy recall in a sequenced manner. Here, I add the data into an array as you would expect to find in a C program. This is for Arduino v1, but is very universal. You can see how creating the comma separated list in the step above helped a lot!
byte WSPR_DATA[] = {3,3,0,2,2,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,1,1,0,2,2,3,0,2,1,2,3,1,3,1,2,0,
The line breaks are for looks only. You could just as easily leave all the data on one single line. Make sure the end of each line ends with a comma, as this signifies that the data continues.
A simple way to read this data out of the array is to create a for-loop:
void wsprTX() {
int i = 0;
for (i=0;i<162;i++) {
wsprTXtone( WSPR_DATA[i] );
Here you can see that the loop goes from the 0th element to 161st element sequentially incrementing the variable 'i'. I in turn feeds into our array, picking the next element from WSPR_DATAeach time it is updated. This value is passed by compound statement (the value WSPR_DATA[# returns is input directly as the argument) to the function wsprTXtone(t) which translates this tone number into an actual frequency.
void wsprTXtone(int t) {
if ((t >= 0) && (t <= 3) ) {
frequency((WSPR_TXF + (t * 1.4648)));
When the wsprTX(void) function calls wsprTXtone(t) it is passed a number, as discussed representing the tone required. The first thing we do is to check the tone is valid (0 <= t <= 3). If it is, we can simply calculate the required tone offset by multiplying the passed parameter, t, with the tone offset, 1.4648 Hz. This value is added to WSPR_TXF in this example which is the absolute offset, defined elsewhere as 10,140,200 Hz. The frequency() function, as you might expect, sets the frequency of the DDS.
The last issue to tackle is the timing. As


text:
Cinacalcet for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23)-Mediated Hypophosphatemia (Hypophosphatemic Rickets)
- Hypophosphatemia is a condition where a person has low levels of phosphorus in the blood. Low blood phosphorus can cause muscle and bone weakness (such as rickets) and teeth problems. One cause of the condition is having too much fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 is a hormone that causes the kidney to get rid of phosphorus in the urine. It can also prevent the body from making vitamin D, which helps the body absorb phosphorus in food.
- Many people with low blood phosphorus take high doses of phosphorus and calcium medications. However, one side effect of these drugs is increased blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The drug cinacalcet can help lower PTH levels, which may decrease the amount of phosphorus lost in the urine and increase the phosphorus levels in the blood. Researchers want to see if cinacalcet can help blood phosphorus and decrease the amount of phosphorus supplements that people need to take.
- To see if cinacalcet can be a safe and effective treatment for people with low phosphorus conditions due to high FGF23.
- Individuals between 18 and 70 years of age who have different forms of hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor-induced hypophosphatemia
- Participants will have up to 25 study visits over about 28 weeks.
- Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. Blood and urine samples will be collected.
- Up to three more lab visits for blood and urine tests will be required before treatment. Imaging studies of the bones, spine, and kidneys will be performed.
- Participants will have a 3-night hospital stay to start treatment. They will take cinacalcet once a day. Treatment will be monitored with frequent blood tests and imaging studies.
- Participants will continue to take cinacalcet once a day for 3 weeks. They will have regular study visits to monitor the treatment.
- There will be up to two other overnight hospital stays (1 to 3 nights) to adjust cinacalcet doses. The dose will increase until the maximum dose is reached, or side effects develop.
- After the end of the cinacalcet study, participants will have several more followup visits to monitor the effects of treatment.
|Study Design:||Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:||Open-label Dose-titration Study of the Tolerability and Efficacy of Cinacalcet to Treat Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23)-Mediated Hypophosphatemia|
- Evaluate the tolerability of cinacalcet in individuals with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia [ Time Frame: 4 years ]
|Study Start Date:||November 2012|
|Estimated Study Completion Date:||December 2016|
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:||October 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)|
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01748812
|Contact: Diala M El-Maouche, M.D.||(301) _EMAIL_|
|Contact: Rachel I Gafni, M.D.||(301) _EMAIL_|
|United States, Maryland|
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike||Recruiting|
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892|
|Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) _PHONE_ ext TTY8664111010 _EMAIL_|
|Principal Investigator:||Rachel I Gafni, M.D.||National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)|


text:
The CRCT is designed to measure how well students acquire the skills and knowledge described in the Georgia Performance Standards (GPS) and the Quality Core Curriculum (QCC). The assessments yield information on academic achievement at the student, class, school, system, and state levels. This information is used to diagnose individual student strengths and weaknesses as related to the instruction of the GPS/QCC, and to gauge the quality of education throughout Georgia. Students in grades one through eight take the CRCT in the content areas of reading, English/language arts, and mathematics. Students in grades three through eight are also assessed in science and social studies.
Dr. Carl Skinner
Director of Testing, Research, and Evaluation
_PHONE_
NCSS CRCT Scores
Georgia Department of Education CRCT Information


Chelsea Coon: Contact
1 min. excerpt of 9 min. 26 sec. performance. Chelsea Coon, contact (2021), Performance for video. Digital. Black and white. Sound. Courtesy of the artist. Filmed in the artist's home studio during Covid-19 quarantine.
The following prompt (in bold) was input into OpenAI's GPT-3 Beta Playground using the Davinci model. The text in italics was the output for the prompt completed by GPT-3.
 Instructions for a noise music performance for one person using contact microphones:
1. Find a location where you can make a lot of noise.
2. Make a lot of noise.
3. Make more noise.
4. Make more noise.
5. Make more noise.
6. Make more noise.
7. Make more noise.
Production date: February 14-20, 2021. Filmed: February 21, 2021. Performed by Chelsea Coon.
Initial Response / Development Notes:
A performance produced in my apartment under snap-lockdown restrictions in Melbourne, Australia. I chose to make my own decision for use of a similar, but distinctly different, Stadium "dynamic microphone."
As I understood it, the GPT-3 instructions called for 6 phases of incrementally making more and more noise. I chose to develop a performance around the idea of 6 videos that would be stitched together. To make *more noise* over time, I decided that the volume of a chosen audio track would increase on the same computer desktop that I was recording the performance on. This sonically would layer in the video with the noises I made with my materials—significantly which were projectiling confetti and bursting balloons.
"contact" was filmed in my bed where I divided 12 party poppers and silver foil balloon letters into two separate piles. I oriented my body in the middle of these piles, with a microphone in front of my knees. I utilized "Arguing Robot Bass," a Loop Packs sample from the application "Garage Band" as the performance track. The volume was incrementally increased across the 6 successive videos that comprise this work.
My actions consisted of repetitious cycles in which I broke the poppers to expel confetti streamers across the bed, then I held and ripped open the letter balloons with my teeth. At the end of each phase, in the microphone I mouthed the word "boom." These actions were repeated in 6 phases over the duration of the work.
Please follow and like us:
Posted in Embodying the Algorithm, Performances


text:
You can achieve the behavior you are looking for by creating several sections in your document - title page, table of contents, etc. Then you can make sure the sections you want paged have theirs FirstPageNumber
For example, you can create two sections - put the intro information in the first one and the content in the second section. Then you should set the mentioned property as follows:
secondSection.FirstPageNumber = 1;
Now when you insert a page field in the second section, it will start from 1.
I hope this information is helpful! Please, do not hesitate to get back to us if you need further assistance.
All the best,


text:
Because reduced uranium species have a much smaller solubility than oxidized uranium species and because of the strong association of organic matter (a powerful reductant) with many uranium ores, reduction has long been considered to be the precipitation mechanism for many types of uranium deposits. Organic matter may also be involved in the alterations in and around tabular uranium deposits, including dolomite precipitation, formation of silicified layers, iron-titanium oxide destruction, dissolution of quartz grains, and precipitation of clay minerals. The diagenetic processes that produced these alterations also consumed organic matter. Consequently, those tabular deposits that underwent the more advanced stages of diagenesis, including methanogenesis and organic acid generation, display the greatest range of alterations and contain the smallest amount of organic matter. Because of certain similarities between tabular uranium deposits and Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, some of the same processes might have been involved in the genesis of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits. Hydrologic studies place important constraints on genetic models of various types of uranium deposits. In roll-front deposits, oxidized waters carried uranium to reductants (organic matter and pyrite derived from sulfate reduction by organic matter). After these reductants were oxidized at any point in the host sandstone, uranium minerals were reoxidized and transported further down the flow path to react with additional reductants. In this manner, the uranium ore migrated through the sandstone at a rate slower than the mineralizing ground water. In the case of tabular uranium deposits, the recharge of surface water into the ground water during flooding of lakes carried soluble humic material to the water table or to an interface where humate precipitated in tabular layers. These humate layers then established the chemical conditions for mineralization and related alterations. In the case of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, free thermal convection in the thick sandstones overlying the basement rocks carried uranium to concentrations of organic matter in the basement rocks.
Additional Publication Details
The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks


text:
Some frog species, such as Kassina maculata (red-legged running frog), use an asynchronous walking/running gait as their primary locomotor mode. Prior comparative anatomy work has suggested that lateral rotation of the pelvis improves walking performance by increasing hindlimb stride length; however, this hypothesis has never been tested. Using non-invasive methods, experimental high-speed video data collected from eight animals were used to create two three-dimensional kinematic models. These models, each fixed to alternative local anatomical reference frames, were used to investigate the hypothesis that lateral rotation of the mobile ilio-sacral joint in the anuran pelvis plays a propulsive role in walking locomotion by increasing hindlimb stride length. All frogs used a walking gait (duty factor greater than 0.5) despite travelling over a range of speeds (0.04–0.23 m s−1). The hindlimb joint motions throughout a single stride were temporally synchronized with lateral rotation of the pelvis. The pelvis itself, on average, underwent an angular excursion of 12.71° (±4.39°) with respect to the body midline during lateral rotation. However, comparison between our two kinematic models demonstrated that lateral rotation of the pelvis only increases the cranio-caudal excursion of the hindlimb modestly. Thus, we propose that pelvic lateral rotation is not a stride length augmenting mechanism in K. maculata.
|Date made available||1 Jan 2019|


filmora go
Easy-to-Use Video Editing App
Download on the App Store
Get it on Google Play
Wondershare Filmora
The best game recorder for you to capture and edit popular gameplay.
 - 15-120 FPS to choose from
 - Stable game recording experience
 - GPU acceleration is available
How to Change Text Style in Discord
author avatar
Apr 07, 2021• Proven solutions
Discord is a brand name that many people have heard about, and this instant messaging and content distribution service is rapidly gaining popularity among many groups of users. A unique feature of this platform is that it facilitates community-based communication, where users who share certain interests can form their own private chats that are known as servers.
While its user interface is quite simple, Discord allows users to deploy a variety of advanced communication tools, from textual content to audio and video streams. It's natural that users want to express their thoughts creatively, so there is a lot of genuine interest in learning how to change the visual look of the messages through the use of basic text formatting. In this article, we will discuss how to change text style in Discord and provide detailed instructions for activating various options, such as using bold or italic letters or underlining a part of the text.
Let's start with the software module that makes it all possible.
Part 1: How Does Discord Text Engine Work?
Beneath the surface, Discord runs on a powerful engine called Markdown, which regulates how text is displayed on the pages visible to users. It's an application of markup language that completely depends on textual symbols as commands, making it quite simple for users who are not skilled at advanced programming to alter the look of the text.
Basically, Markdown allows you to enter a few symbols and it will interpret them as commands for changing the text style, for example bolding or underlying certain word or sentence. For highlighting blocks of text, there is a specific library named Highlight.js that allows simple text marking for stylistic emphasis.
This approach is very practical and easy to learn, so long-time users of Discord are able to change text style as they type without thinking too much about it. Really, it's all about following a couple of simple rules and knowing the most important combinations of characters (tags).
Part 2: How to Change Text Style in Discord with Markdown?
As we mentioned previously, Markdown is completely text-based and has a very simple syntax. All you need to do to apply special formatting to your text is to enter a few special characters at the right places, and the appropriate effect (bold, italic…) will appear in the chat. Keep in mind that you can easily combine the formatting styles by using multiple commands at the same time.
Here is an overview of the most important options for changing text style in Discord, and you can preview the text style in real time before sending to friends:
Change Text Style in Discord - Basic
How to Bold Text in Discord?
A simple way to use bold text style is to add two asterisks (**) at the beginning and the end of the text that you want to have this effect.
How to Italicize in Discord?
Italicized style of text will be displayed in the chat if you put one asterisk character (*) before and one more after the selected text.
How to Write Strikethrough and Make Discord Cross Out Text?
In order to get a strikethrough effect on your text, you will have to type two tilde characters (~~) on either side of the section of text that you want to change, and then you will create an appearance of a crossed-out portion of text.
How to Make Discord Underline Text?
Underline effect is also available on Discord and equally simple to activate. Just type two underscore dashes (__)at the start and the ending of the text selection to apply it.
How to Combine Text Formatting Options in Discord?
Once you mastered the basic effects and know the commands without thinking, it's time to consider more complex text transformations that combine more than one effect. In principle, Markdown lets you do this just as easily, for as long as you know all the right combinations of characters that produce the desired effect. Here are the detailed instructions for some of the most frequently utilized combos:
Underlined and Italicized text
For this elegant combination, use two underscore dashes (__) followed by one asterisk (*) before and after the selected text.
Discord Underlined and Italicized text
Underlined and Bolded text
Put two underscore dashes (__) and add two asterisk characters (**) to both sides of the selection to get those two effects together.
Discord Underlined and Bolded text
Underlined, Italicized, and Bolded text
This combination is achieved by placing two underscore marks (__) and three straight asterisks (***) at the beginning as well as the end of the text.
Discord Underlined & Italicized Bolded text
Bolded, Italicized, underlined, and crossed out text
You can combine all four style changes as well – just use two tildes (~~), two underscores (__) and three asterisks (***) on either side of your text.
Discord Underlined & Italicized Bolded crossed out text
Part 3: How to Use Code Block for Discord Text Formatting?
In addition to simple font transformations, Discord allows users to engage in advanced text formatting with incredible ease. One way to do it is to deploy code blocks, which can be activated with the backtick character ( ' ) placed on the beginning and the end of a text section. This command will highlight the chosen part of the text while preserving blank space around it for extra emphasis of your message. However, if you use three consecutive ( ' ) signs before a block of text and separate the text into several lines by pressing enter, the result will be a series of highlighted lines that form a single code block. This option is simple enough that even beginners with no programming abilities can easily learn how to use it, and it has some practical applications that savvy Discord users are very fond of.
Part 4: How to Change the Text Color in Discord Message?
It's not possible to alter the default text color from the native user interface in Discord. However, there is a simple solution to this problem that involves the scrip mentioned earlier in the article. This Javascript-based library can transform the normal text into a code block consisting of three lines, where the middle line would be your selection of text in an alternative color. This is a neat workaround that's very simple to activate using the same kind of text-based commands described above.
To execute this smart trick, you should create a simple, three-line block. In the top line, you need to put three backtick characters ("') along with a code phrase corresponding to the text color you would like to use. In the second line, you should type your entire text normally, while the bottom line should include three more backticks. You can create new lines by pressing the Shift and Enter keys at the same time.
Here is a detailed video tutorial for creating customized text in a range of different colors with all the relevant code phrases.
FAQs About Discord Text Formatting
 1. What is the default Discord font?
Discord uses the same basic font all over the entire platform, including all chats between users and in your profile info. This is Uni sans font, which is quite simple and belongs to the sans serif family of fonts that are known for good readability on almost any background.
 1. How do you get different fonts on Discord?
It's not possible to change the font directly from the Discord app, but this limitation can be circumvented if you find a good Discord font generator on the internet. Those are very easy to use, so you can simply type your text in a chosen font and copy it back into Discord already formatted.
 1. How to make a hidden text in Discord?
The creation of a hidden text message that requires direct user action to reveal is possible in Discord and requires a so-called spoiler tag. If you precede your message with the text /spoiler or type two slash bars ( //) at either side, it will be hidden from other users except for those who decide to view it and indicate their desire by clicking or tapping on it. Messages of this kind appear highlighted with gray background in the message stream on a Discord chat.
author avatar
Richard Bennett


_USER_{NBERw4332, title = "Demographic Factors and Real House Prices", author = "Richard K. Green and Patric H. Hendershott", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "4332", year = "1993", month = "April", doi = {10.3386/w4332}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Real house prices are directly determined by the willingness of households to pay for (and willingness of builders to supply) a constant-quality house. Changes in the quantity of housing demanded will affect real prices only to the extent that the long-run housing supply schedule is positively sloped. In this paper we use 1980 census data to measure the impact of the age structure and real income per household on the willingness of households to pay for a constant quality house. Extrapolating these variables forward to 2010, we conclude that evolving demographic forces are likely to raise real house prices. not lower them.}, }


Chemical Analysis
In ceramics, raw material chemistry is expressed a chemical analyses. This is in contrast to fired glaze chemistries which are expressed as oxide formulas.
Conceptually we consider ceramic fired glazes as being composed of 'oxides'. Materials supply those oxides to the melt. Ten major oxides are supplied from common ceramic materials, these likely make up 99% of all base glazes. Chemical analyses (or percentage analysis) are typically used to express the oxide content of materials. A chemical analysis is expressed in percent, each number represents the proportion-by-weight of the oxide in the raw powdered material. An oxide formula, by contrast, compares oxide amounts by numbers of molecules. Formulas are used to express the chemistry of fired glazes.
We can view materials as simply suppliers of the oxides needed to get the desired fired result. Well, actually, it is not quite so simple. While frits have a wide range of chemistries and melt nicely to yield their oxides to the melt, it is not the same story with many raw materials. Wollastonite, for example, is not quite as ready to dissolve in the melt as calcium carbonate. Some materials melt poorly by themselves but are active in the presence of others. Some materials are extremely refractory and very difficult to dissolve into the melt (e.g. calcined alumina). Knowledge of material-specific melting is valuable to rationalize how to apply chemistry, especially when recipes being compared draw on different sets of materials to source the chemistry.
As appropriate, an analysis will often show LOI (loss on ignition) as one of the items, this represents the volatile portion of the material that is lost during firing. Sometimes the volatiles are specified (e.g. H2O, CO, CO2, SO2).
An analysis can be converted to a formula by dividing each oxide amount by the molecular weight of that oxide. The formula can optionally be unified after that.
An "analysis" compares oxides by the weights of their molecules (not the numbers of molecules as does a formula or mole% formula). Thus an analysis comparison of the oxides in a material can look quite different from a mole% comparison, this is because oxide molecule weights differ greatly. The analysis format is best suited to showing how much of each individual oxide is in a mix. For example, feldspars are used as a source of flux, although they also provide SiO2 and Al2O3. A percentage analysis enables a buyer to compare how much flux each brand has.
As noted, material analyses include organics, water, and additives which are burned away during firing. For example, if a material loses 10% by weight on firing, we can just say the LOI (Loss on Ignition) is 10%. Or we could say it loses 5% H2O and 5% SO2 (10% LOI can only be expressed in a formula by increasing its formula weight, but this is not obvious to the reader unless they know what the formula weight would be if there was no LOI). As noted, the formula is ideal to express the mix of oxides in a fired ceramic where there is no LOI. But the analysis has become a standard used to express the make-up of raw clay materials on manufacturer's data sheets. If you wanted to express the makeup of a premixed raw glaze powder, it would be appropriate to do so as an analysis also (unless it had no LOI).
Here is how we would convert a unity formula into an analysis (each amount is being divided by the formula weight of that oxide, then by the total):
Oxides Formula Weights Percent
K2O 0.27 x 94.2 = 25.43 / 353.78 = 7.19%
CaO 0.59 x 56.1 = 33.10 / 353.78 = 9.36%
MgO 0.09 x 40.3 = 3.63 / 353.78 = 1.03%
ZnO 0.05 x 81.4 = 4.07 / 353.78 = 1.15%
Al2O3 0.41 x 101.8 = 41.74 / 353.78 = 11.80%
SiO2 4.09 x 60.1 = 245.81 / 353.78 = 69.48%
Formula Weight 353.78
Related Information
Sedimentary clays are a whos-who of the periodic table
These are the results of a detailed elemental composition analysis of a sedimentary clay. The first column of numbers is ppm (parts per million), divide them by 10,000 to get percent. The Fe here, for example, is 50,868 or 5.1%. The second column is +/- error. Notice that this test does not detect boron or lithium, they require a different method. By contrast, the chemical analysis shown on the data sheet of a typical ceramic material shows only the principle ceramic oxides (less than a dozen), but all of these trace elements will still be present.
How and where to have a glaze tested to learn its chemical analysis
Here are some of the papers I had to deal with to have a mystery colourless transparent glaze analyzed (so I can calculate a mix of my own materials to produce this chemistry). Since no one test will find all the 13 common oxides that may be present in low temperature colorless glazes I had to order three different ones (I also asked for bismuth). It ended up costing about $130. I found this lab was the best one to deal with (because ceramic materials are outside their experience, others worried about ruining their platinum crucibles). A couple of things to remember: Emphasize that you want the results in oxide format (not elemental). To avoid sample preparation costs, dry out some of the glaze slurry and crush in into a homogenous powder sample using a mortar and pestle (they only need a few grams, I did 20).
Whole rock analysis shows some as percent, some as PPM
The ppm items are not oxides, they are elements. Ba for example, is shown as 4276 ppm. We do not know the form. It could be barium sulphate, barium carbonate, barium nitrate, barium chloride. But altogether they supply this amount of Ba. The same is true of chrome, strontium, nickel and vanadium.
A limit or target glaze formula. What does this mean?
Recipes show us the materials in a glaze but formulas list oxide molecules and their comparative quantities. Oxides construct the fired glass. The kiln de-constructs ceramic materials to get the oxides, discards the carbon, sulfur, etc. and builds the glass from the rest. You can view glazes as recipes-of-materials or as formulas-of-oxides. Why use formulas? Because there is a direct relationship between the properties a fired glaze has (e.g. melting range, gloss, thermal expansion, hardness, durability, color response, etc) and the oxides it contains (links between firing and recipe are much less direct). There are 8-10 oxides to know about (vs. hundreds of materials). From the formula viewpoint materials are sources-of-oxides. While there are other factors besides pure chemistry that determine how a glaze fires, none is as important. Insight-live automatically shows you the formulas of your recipes and enables comparing them side-by-side. Click the "Target Formula" link (on this post at digitalfire.com) to see what each oxide does.
A Limitation of the Seger Unity Formula
Mineral sources of oxides impose their own melting patterns and when one is substituted for another to supply an oxide a different system with its own relative chemistry is entered. An extreme example of this would be to source Al2O3 to a glaze using calcined alumina instead of kaolin. Although the formula may be exactly the same, the fired result would be completely different because very little of the alumina would dissolve into the glaze melt. At the opposite extreme, a different frit could be used to supply a set of oxides (while maintaining the overall chemistry of the glaze) and the fired result would be much more chemically predictable. Why? Because the readily and release their oxides the the melt.
When both mineralogy and chemistry are shown on a data sheet
Desktop INSIGHT showing formula and analysis side-by-side
Desktop Insight was the first to enable users to compare two recipes and their formulas side-by-side and interactively update when recipe changes were made. It also enabled users to show formulas and analyses side-by-side.
Example of a whole rock chemical analysis lab report
Powdered samples were sent to the lab. The numbers shown on this report are in percentage-by-weight. That means, for example, that 15.21% of the weight of the dry powder of Alberta Slip is Al2O3. Insight-live knows material chemistries in this way (whereas desktop Insight needs them as formulas). Some non-oxide elements are quantified as parts-per-million (these amounts are not normally high enough to take into account for traditional ceramic purposes). The LOI column shows how much mechanically and chemically bound water are gassed off during firing of the sample. The total is not exactly 100 because of inherent error in the method and compounds not included in the report.
URLs _URL_


text:
Dr. Alan Wentz, Ducks Unlimited senior group manager for conservation and communications, issued the following statement regarding the news that two U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service waterfowl biologists, Vernon (Ray) Bentley and David (Dave) Pitkin, were killed when their survey aircraft crashed in western Oregon on Sunday, Jan. 17:
"Ducks Unlimited and the rest of the waterfowl community have lost two great friends of conservation in Ray Bentley and Dave Pitkin. Ray and Dave were lost while contributing to the critical body of science that guides the best and most successful wildlife management model in the world. Aerial waterfowl surveys play a significant role in determining annual waterfowl regulations, and Ray and Dave's work was an important contribution to this overall effort.
"Our thoughts and prayers go out to the families of Ray and Dave, and to the rest of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in this time of sorrow."
Ducks Unlimited is the world's largest non-profit organization dedicated to conserving North America's continually disappearing waterfowl habitats. Established in 1937, Ducks Unlimited has conserved nearly 13 million acres thanks to contributions from more than a million supporters across the continent. Guided by science and dedicated to program efficiency, DU works toward the vision of wetlands sufficient to fill the skies with waterfowl today, tomorrow and forever.


text:
32-bit Microcontroller Chip – Next-Generation, Eco-Inspired
The purpose of this project is to announce:
- a "new 32-bit microcontroller chip named DREAM-1" aimed at Wearables and the Internet-of-Things; and,
- Kickstarter campaign to perfect DREAM-1's micro-architecture and chip design.
- DREAM-1 is a Next-Generation, Eco-Inspired 32-bit microcontroller chip for Wearables and the Internet-of-Things;
- No limitations – powered by Eco-Logic technology: minimal energy, maximum speed, event-driven, instantaneously responsive and energy-performance adaptive;
- Fully compatible – DREAM-1 apps can be developed with existing software flows, programming languages and configured wirelessly over Bluetooth;
- Exclusive – limited sampling batch only available on Kickstarter to perfect its design.
What is DREM-1?
It represents the first practical step towards a new breed of 32-bit microcontroller, which is:
- Specifically designed – for the next-generation of physical computing: Wearables and the Internet-of-Things;
- Targeted – for to low-to-medium function embedded end-products;
- Driven -by a Eco-Inspired micro-architecture, design and technology.
- Purposely – mimics the high-level behavior of Eco and Bio life processes;
- Delivers – maximum speed, and is performance-energy adaptive by running as fast as operating conditions and the silicon allow, or as software-defined;
- Is Event-driven – rather than system clocked and runs only when needed on-demand;
- Is instantaneously responsive; and,
- Consumes minimal energy.
Using it – It comes as a stand-alone electronic circuit board module or with an extra development board, supported by a full software stack and peripheral modules (PMODs) to implement arbitrary designs i.e., circuit break-out boards.
Configuring and programming – A variety of programming languages can be used to program it (Java, Python and Ruby) via supplied libraries or natively using C. This allows you to easily blink LEDs, read/write analog values, make motors and servos move, play sounds, write data to SD cards, communicate wirelessly, etc.
DREAM-1 is a consequence of the frustrations we had with 1) existing 32-bit microcontroller chips; and 2) implementing low-to-medium one function embedded Healthcare apps for Wearables and the Internet-of-Things.
Specifically, these Healthcare apps required 1) sophisticated security algorithms and protocols (e.g., public-key); 2) long lithium battery-life operation and small batteries; 3) complex data analysis (often real-time); 4) low peak energy and spikes (i.e, a flat EMI spectrum); and, 5) small overall product form-factor, which was inhibited by the required lithium battery size.
Based on these experiences we observed that, or there was a:
- Lack of differentiation – between 32-bit microcontrollers for low-to-medium one function embedded applications;
- Data-security needs – are often not being met by existing 32-bit microcontroller chips and vitally important going forward;
- System clock speeds – dictate performance and energy consumption, and these limiting clock speeds effectively throttle performance;
- Lack of performance – while a microcontroller chip's silicon can typically deliver more (up to 10x sometimes);
- Poor battery life – in part, happens as energy is consumed unnecessarily due to existing microcontroller micro-architecture design and system clocking. That is, energy is not minimal or featuring low peaks;
- Complicated energy modes – are required to manage the microcontrollers energy consumption;
- Slow response times – are frequently caused by Milli-second "wake-up response times" from so-called low energy or sleep modes. This is usually due to the system clock source stabilizing; and
- Extra PCB components – are often used due to lack of performance which guzzle energy (e.g., motor-control), but could be easily software-emulated. Thus prolonging battery-life, allowing form-factor and bill-of-material cost reduction.
In addition, we knew we had the technical know-how from silicon-to-software to develop a radically different 32-bit microcontroller alternative.
For More Detail : 32-bit Microcontroller Chip – Next-Generation, Eco-Inspired
JLCPCB – Prototype 10 PCBs for $2 + 2 days Lead Time
China's Largest PCB Prototype Enterprise, 300,000+ Customers & 10,000+ Online Orders Per Day
Inside a huge PCB factory: _URL_


Scrum for Trello
Scrum for Trello adds functionality to the awesome for use in Scrum projects.
Add estimates or record time-spent directly on Trello cards. Shows sums at the top of each list and the top right corner of each board.
This is a free and open source extension in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
To use, simply open a Trello card click the title of the card to edit it. There are buttons with Fibonacci numbers (1, 2, 3, 5, 8,...etc.) to let you quickly add an estimate. You can also type in the estimate or the time-spent. To type an estimate, just surround it in parentheses like this: (4) to type the amount of time-spent, put that in square brackets like this: [2]. Those numbers can appear anywhere in the title, but a common convention is to put the estimate at the beginning of the card and the time-spent at the end, like this: "(8) Create Firefox Extension [4.5]". Decimal numbers are accepted for both values.
Integration with Burndown for Trello
The 'Burndown for Trello' extension adds burndown charts to Trello boards. Since it uses estimates and time-spent, Burndown For Trello has integrated with Scrum for Trello. If you have a Pro account on Burndown for Trello, it will use the estimates and time-spent that you enter in Scrum for Trello, so you never have to re-enter them.


text:
Definition: A conceptual method of open addressing for a hash table. A collision is resolved by putting the item in the next empty place given by a probe sequence which is independent of sequences for all other key.
See also collision resolution scheme, clustering free, double hashing, quadratic probing, linear probing, perfect hashing, simple uniform hashing.
Note: Since the probe sequences are independent, this is free of clustering. This is conceptual because real probe sequences are unlikely to be completely independent.
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul E. Black.
Entry modified 17 December 2004.
HTML page formatted Fri Mar 25 16:20:35 2011.
Cite this as:
Paul E. Black, "uniform hashing", in Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [online], Paul E. Black, ed., U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 17 December 2004. (accessed TODAY) Available from: _URL_


text:
All About Co-operatives
With roots in England in the mid-1800s, co-operatives evolved as an economic and business model tailored to meet the specific needs of a refined group of people. Near the end of the 19th century, the concept took root in Quebec, which today is home to more co-ops than anywhere else on the continent. In Western Canada, the co-operative movement centred around the growth of the grain pools in each of the Prairie provinces as a means to help farmers source affordable inputs, and increase their marketing power on international markets.
Despite the fact that more than 1.4 million Ontarians are members of at least one co-operative, the general public, as well as academics, business leaders and Government officials are by-and-large unaware of co-ops and their power as a positive economic and societal force.
Support co-operatives with your wallet: Buy Gay Lea or Organic Meadow dairy products, ride in a Co-op Cab or shop at Mountain Equipment Co-op. Thirsty: Try Welch's, Sunkist or Ocean Spray. Visit a credit union.
- Download the 'What is a Co-operative' FactSheet from the "Related Documents" section, at the top right of this page.
- Read a report submitted by On Co-op to Ontario's Ministry of Economic Development and Trade about the contributions made by co-ops and the challenges faced by our sector.
The pages in the All About Co-operatives area of On Co-op's website are a place to learn more about co-operatives—where they came from, how they work and how they help their communities. Explore this page and those listed in the links to the right to find out what makes the co-op model a better way to do business. Be sure to check out the FactSheets On Co-op has developed. The series has more than 20 FactSheets and includes 'What is a Co-op', The FactSheet series also explores the differences between a co-op and - a non-profit, a charity and a traditional business enterprise; the best practices group discusses hiring a co-op consultant or auditor; and the sector specific group explores many of the co-op sectors. Search for all of the FactSheets through the Co-op Resources menu, or click on the "For More Information" link at the bottom of this page.
Co-operative Enterprises Build A Stronger Community
Co-ops are a way for communities to exercise control over the economic, social and cultural activities that affect the lives of community members. Establishing co-operatives and credit unions in our communities (or for a community of people) is a powerful and democratic way to put economic power in the hands of those who need and use the services.
Rooted in the community by member participation and commitment, co-operatives are community economic development in practise. Co-operative and credit unions are directed locally and invested-in locally. Because the surplus of co-op enterprises belong to their members, profits and investment dollars stay within the community.
But it's not just about profit. At the core of every co-op's history is an unmet need—for financial services, employment, a specific product or service, affordable housing, a marketing service or more participation in community development. Through co-operation, communities are able to come together and meet that need for themselves.
Co-operatives Contribute to Sustainability
Co-ops have multiple bottom lines that include social as well as financial objectives. In many communities, co-operatives have stayed to serve their members long after other businesses have fled to more profitable locales. For example, there are numerous communities in Ontario where credit unions are the only source of financial services. As a result, co-operatives tend to be more stable than other forms of business, and contribute to a more sustainable community life.
Co-operatives contribute to environmental sustainability as well. Rather than a single financial bottom line, or even a double financial and social bottom line, some co-ops strive to maintain a triple bottom line: financial, social, and environmental. Co-ops try to do business in a way that will keep local communities, as well as the wider community of the earth that sustains them, healthy. Thus co-operatives are at the forefront of the current boom in green energy, establishing environmentally-friendly power sources like the wind turbine in Exhibition Place in Toronto.


text:
5 Ways to Monetize Free Apps
The majority of the apps we have on our mobile phone are free. However, most of the companies that make those apps have profits through them. How do they do that? Are there any strategies which you can use in your own mobile app? We will give you some tips on how to do it.
Before starting to make real money, you have to know a few things about your app:
- Who are you dealing with – it's essential to know your target: age, interests and preferences. Try to get as much information as you can.
- Who is your competition – study your competitors and find out what they're doing to get clients. What type of strategies they're using.
After having your head straight, it is time to transform something free into something profitable. We will give you some strategies on how to achieve it.
1. In-app purchases
We all know the feeling of playing a game, getting really close to the next level, but suddenly, out of nowhere, our character on the game dies. A few seconds later, it comes out a pop up window offering you a life if you pay some extra money – to this, we call in-app purchases.
We can divide in-app purchases into 3 categories:
- Consumable: features or products that the user only have access once, such as virtual coins or health points. You can find this type on in-app purchase in games, such as Candy Crush.
- Non-consumable: additional features that you only have access if you paid extra money or upgrade into a premium version, for example, ads blocking.
- Subscriptions: unlock some content or functions for a specific period of time through a subscription. NBA season or Netflix are some of the apps that use this approach.
Another common way to make profit from your app is the use of advertisements. The most formats used are banners, native and interstitial ads:
- Banners normally appear at the top or at the bottom of a screen; they are considered less obtrusive since the users are able to keep using the app.
- Native ads don't really look like ads. They are closely integrated into the mobile app, making them quite subtel.
- Interstitial ads take a whole screen and typically appear when users launch or close an application, as a form of pop-up.
3. Affiliate Income and Referral Marketing
Based on the number of clicks or installs, companies can promote or sell affiliate's services or products. This process involves promoting a third-party product or service as a way to improve revenue opportunities.
There are different types of referral marketing publishers. Check them below:
- Cost per click (CPC): you get paid for each click on the ads displayed in your app.
- Cost per view (CPV): the payout you get increases according to the number of the ad views. They are more common on video ads.
- Cost per install (CPI): you get paid whenever a user installs an advertised application.
Freemium apps allow you to test the app before you buy it. Basically, this requires the creation of two apps: the first one, only with the basic features so the user can test it; the second one is the paid version, which the user has full access to the app.
Basically, the user downloads the free app version and if the content is worth paying, gets full access to all functionalities.
Subscriptions are another option in how to monetize your app. In this case, you can choose to offer free content for a limited amount of time and then charge users for a subscription fee. For example, the users are allowed to use the app during a month (free trial period) and afterwards pay for it.
To create a free app and to get profits from it you'll require some aggressive marketing and creative advertising techniques.
You can find a lot of options on the market that let you test prototypes and explore the results using one or another option – take advantage of that to see what's the best for your case. Once you have tested your options, you can move forward and build the right app for you.
Curious to learn more about this topic? Check Pokemon Go video below to understand its success. Although the app is free, the company earned 14 million dollars in revenue in less than a week. See how they did that!


text:
3B Scientific® SEK Solar Energy
Physics Educational Materials
Alternative Energy Learning Activities
How Much Power can you get From the Sun?
- Includes Instruction For 16 Experiments
- Compact Storage Case
Large equipment set for carrying out 16 fundamental experiments on solar energy. The basic parameters and properties of solar modules and the aspects which affect their energy efficiency can all be demonstrated by experiment. Contained in a rugged metal case including foam inlay with recesses in the shape of the apparatus. The system allows you to assemble experiments easily and in a compact set-up on or in the lid of the kit's carry case. Includes CD with experiment instructions.


text:
Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space
AbstractGDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities or subnational regions. We propose a readily available proxy: satellite data on lights at night. We develop a statistical framework that uses lights growth to augment existing income growth measures, under the assumption that measurement error in using observed light as an indicator of income is uncorrelated with measurement error in national income accounts. For countries with good national income accounts data, information on growth of lights is of marginal value in estimating the true growth rate of income, while for countries with the worst national income accounts, the optimal estimate of true income growth is a composite with roughly equal weights. Among poor-data countries, our new estimate of average annual growth differs by as much as 3 percentage points from official data. Lights data also allow for measurement of income growth in suband supranational regions. As an application, we examine growth in Sub Saharan African regions over the last 17 years. We find that real incomes in non-coastal areas have grown faster by 1/3 of an annual percentage point than coastal areas; non-malarial areas have grown faster than malarial ones by 1/3 to 2/3 annual percent points; and primate city regions have grown no faster than hinterland areas. Such applications point toward a research program in which "empirical growth" need no longer be synonymous with "national income accounts."
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 15199.
Date of creation: Jul 2009
Date of revision:
Contact details of provider:
Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Web page: _URL_
More information through EDIRC
Other versions of this item:
- E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
- O47 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
- Q1 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture
- R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-AGR-2009-08-02 (Agricultural Economics)
- NEP-ALL-2009-08-02 (All new papers)
- NEP-EFF-2009-08-02 (Efficiency & Productivity)
- NEP-GEO-2009-08-02 (Economic Geography)
- NEP-URE-2009-08-02 (Urban & Real Estate Economics)
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Daniel da Mata & U. Deichmann & J. Vernon Henderson & Somik V. Lall & H.G. Wang, 2005.
"Determinants of City Growth in Brazil,"
NBER Working Papers
11585, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Daniel da Mata & Uwe Deichmann & J. Vernon Henderson & Somik V. Lall & Hyoung G. Wang, 2005. "Determinants of City Growth in Brazil," Discussion Papers 1112, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
- Da Mata, Daniel & Deichmann, Uwe & Henderson, J. Vernon & Lall, Somik V. & Wang, Hyoung Gun, 2005. "Determinants of city growth in Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3723, The World Bank.
- International Monetary Fund, 2006. "Jamaica: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 06/157, International Monetary Fund.
- repec:bla:restud:v:73:y:2006:i:3:p:549-576 is not listed on IDEAS
- John W. Dawson & Joseph P. Dejuan & John J. Seater & E. Frank Stephenson, 2001. "Economic information versus quality variation in cross-country data," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 34(4), pages _PHONE_, November.
- Sutton, Paul C. & Costanza, Robert, 2002. "Global estimates of market and non-market values derived from nighttime satellite imagery, land cover, and ecosystem service valuation," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 509-527, June.
- Alan B. Krueger & Mikael Lindahl, 2000.
"Education for Growth: Why and For Whom?,"
NBER Working Papers
7591, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Chun-Chung Au & J. Vernon Henderson, 2006. "Are Chinese Cities Too Small?," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 73(3), pages 549-576.
- Richard Tiffin & Xavier Irz, 2006. "Is agriculture the engine of growth?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 35(1), pages 79-89, 07.
- Sharon L. Maccini & Dean Yang, 2008.
"Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall,"
NBER Working Papers
14031, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Sharon Maccini & Dean Yang, 2009. "Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(3), pages 1006-26, June.
- Krugman, Paul, 1991.
"Increasing Returns and Economic Geography,"
Journal of Political Economy,
University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 483-99, June.
- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2008.
"Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts,"
NBER Working Papers
14499, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2010. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-Based National Accounts," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 2(4), pages 1-35, October.
- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2008. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts," Working Papers 1120, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2009. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts," Working Papers 1186, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
- Kogel, Tomas & Prskawetz, Alexia, 2001.
" Agricultural Productivity Growth and Escape from the Malthusian Trap,"
Journal of Economic Growth,
Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 337-57, December.
- Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia & Kögel, Tomas, 2000. "Agricultural Productivity Growth and Escape from the Malthusian Trap," CEPR Discussion Papers 2485, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Tomas Kögel & Alexia Prskawetz, 2000. "Agricultural productivity growth and escape from the Malthusian trap," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2000-002, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
- Martin Browning & Thomas Crossley, 2009.
"Are Two Cheap, Noisy Measures Better Than One Expensive, Accurate One?,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 99-103, May.
- Martin Browning & Thomas Crossley, 2009. "Are two cheap, noisy measures better than one expensive, accurate one?," IFS Working Papers W09/01, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
- Nuxoll, Daniel A, 1994. "Differences in Relative Prices and International Differences in Growth Rates," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(5), pages 1423-36, December.
- Edward L. Glaeser & Albert Saiz, 2003.
"The Rise of the Skilled City,"
Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers
2025, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
- Doll, Christopher N.H. & Muller, Jan-Peter & Morley, Jeremy G., 2006. "Mapping regional economic activity from night-time light satellite imagery," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 75-92, April.
- Hansen, Christian B., 2007. "Generalized least squares inference in


text:
Question: Hogmanay - What is Hogmanay - Hogmanay Recipes
So, what is the celebration of Hogmanay?
Answer: Hogmanay is the Scottish celebration of New Years Eve and can last for days. No-one celebrates the eve quite like the Scots. It is believed the Scots inherited the celebration of Hogmanay from the Vikings and their celebration of the shortest day but many believe that as Christmas was virtually banned and not celebrated in Scotland from the end of the 17th century until the 1950's, New Years Eve was a good excuse for some revelry and the excuse to drink whisky and eat good food. Hogmanay involves parties and festivals across Scotland with the largest and most famous public party in Edinburgh.


text:
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges: Ecclesiastes
This volume starts with the background and definition of the title of the Old Testament book, Ecclesiastes. From there, notes on the authorship and date of this biblical literature, outlines, and analysis make up an extensive introduction. Plumptre makes his way through Ecclesiastes verse-by-verse, ending with a trio of appendixes discussing Shakespeare, Koheleth, and Tennyson, and their relationships to the Old Testament.
- Verse-by-verse exegesis
- Contains helpful notes, indexes, and appendixes
Praise for the Print Edition
There are no better books in exposition of the different parts of Scripture than those contained in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. The series has long since established its claim to an honorable place in the front rank of first-rate commentaries; and the teacher or preacher who masters its volumes will be, like Apollos, mighty in the Scriptures.
—Church Sunday School Magazine
- Title: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges: Ecclesiastes
- Author: E. H. Plumptre
- Publisher: Cambridge University Press
- Publication Date: 1888
- Pages: 294
About E. H. Plumptre
E. H. Plumptre was the Dean of Wells, as well as a theologian, biblical scholar, and author.


text:
Journal article 885 views 101 downloads
The influence of waves on morphodynamic impacts of energy extraction at a tidal stream turbine site in the Pentland Firth
Renewable Energy, Volume: 125, Pages: 630 - 647
Swansea University Authors: Iain Fairley, Harshinie Karunarathna, Ian Masters
PDF | Version of Record
Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY).Download (11.45MB)
DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.035
Extraction of energy from tidal streams has the potential to impact on the morphodynamics of areas such as sub-tidal sandbanks via alteration of hydrodynamics. Marine sediment transport is forced by both wave and tidal currents. Past work on tidal stream turbine impacts has largely ignored the contr...
|Published in:||Renewable Energy|
Check full text
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Extraction of energy from tidal streams has the potential to impact on the morphodynamics of areas such as sub-tidal sandbanks via alteration of hydrodynamics. Marine sediment transport is forced by both wave and tidal currents. Past work on tidal stream turbine impacts has largely ignored the contribution of waves. Here, a fully coupled hydrodynamic, spectral wave and sediment transport model is used to assess the importance of including waves in simulations of turbine impact on seabed morphodynamics. Assessment of this is important due to the additional expense of including waves in simulations. Focus is given to a sandbank in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth. It is found that inclusion of wave action alters hydrodynamics, although extent of alteration is dependant of wave direction. Magnitude of sediment transport is increased when waves are included in the simulations and this has implications for morphological and volumetric changes. Volumetric changes are substantially increased when wave action is included: the impact of including waves is greater than the impact of including tidal stream turbines. Therefore it is recommended that at tidal turbine array sites exposed to large swell or wind-seas, waves should be considered for inclusion in simulations of physical impact.
Tidal stream turbines; Environmental impact assessment; Waves; Morphodynamics; Numerical modelling; Pentland Firth
Faculty of Science and Engineering


text:
VOR stands for VHF Omnidirectional Range. It is a navigation beacon intended for civil use and provides a user with a radial to/from the station. It works on frequencies between 108.00 and 117.95 MHz.
VOR/DME station PEK (Beijing):
source: Wikimedia, author: Yaoleilei
TACAN stands for TACtical Air Navigation, a military system that is similar to VOR but with higher accuracy. It works on frequencies between 960 and 1215 MHz.
Part of the TACAN is DME (Distance Measurement Equipment), which works in the same frequency band. The DME used in TACAN is the same that can be used by civil aircraft. Due to the higher frequency the system is more accurate and the antenna is much smaller and therefor easier to deploy (e.g. on a ship, on a battlefield).
(source: wikimedia, US Air Force, Camera Operator: SENIOR AIRMAN JONNA N. WILSON)
A VORTAC combines the VOR and TACAN in one location. Civil users will use the VOR signals which have the same performance as ordinary VOR signals. In addition they use the DME from the TACAN. Effectively a VORTAC is like a VOR/DME.
Military users only use the TACAN, for them a VORTAC is the same as a TACAN.
source:Wikimedia, author: Hans-Peter Scholz Ulenspiegel


text:
- AWB (Air Waybill) – equivalent to the term 'Air Consignment Note', means the document entitled 'Air Waybill/Air Consignment Note' made out by or on behalf of the shipper which evidences the contract between the shipper and airline for carriage of cargo over the routes of the airline
- Agent – an agent appointed by an airline to solicit and process international air freight for shipment.
- Bank Shipment – the shipment where the consignee is identified as a bank and the real consignee is mentioned under "notify party"; the carrier cannot release the cargo to real consignee until a written approval is received from the bank
- Bonded Area – secured facility supervised by customs authorities, where dutiable landed imports are stored pending their re-export, or release on assessment and payment of import duties, taxes and other charges
- Booking – customer's concluded arrangement with an air cargo agent representing a completed sale.
- Break Bulk Agent – the air cargo agent that deconsolidate a consolidated shipment into individual shipments
- Cargo / Freight – which is equivalent to the terms 'Goods', means anything carried or to becarried in an aircraft, other than mail or baggage
- Carriage - equivalent to the term 'Transportation', means the carriage of cargo by air or any other means of transport including road, gratuitously or for reward. "International Carriage Other Than That Defined By The Convention" means any carriage which is not international carriage as defined either by the Warsaw Convention, by the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague, 1955, or by the Montreal Convention but in which, according to the agreement made by the parties, the place of departure and the place of landing are situated in more than one country.
- Cargo Ground Handling Agent – appointed agent that handles the cargo in the name of the airline
- Chargeable Weight – the chargeable weight is the highest weight calculated between the actual weight and the volumetric weight. (Lxlxh [cm] / 6000).
- Commodity – consignment's content (e.g. computer parts).
- Shipper – equivalent to the term 'Consignor', means the person whose name appears on the Air Waybill as the party contracting with airline for carriage of cargo.
- Consignee – the person whose name appears on the Air Waybill as party to whom the consignment is to be delivered by the airline.
- Consolidation – combining several smaller shipments into a large shipment to avail of better freight rates. Each individual shipment is carried under a House Air Waybill (HAWB) issued by a cargo agent
- Consolidator – the air cargo agent that consolidates individual air shipments
- Customs Broker – person who is licensed by the local customs and acts as a professional-agent for an importer or exporter, prepares and submits all documents for clearing goods through customs
- Customs Formalities – customs procedures carried out by the customs broker for the importer / exporter of the goods
- Damage – harm or injury of the cargo resulting in impairment or loss of function, usefulness, or value
- Damage Report – a form filled by the handling agent when the cargo is damaged
- Dangerous Goods / Special Cargo – articles or materials capable of posing significant risk to people, health, property, or environment when transported in quantity.
- Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) – reglementari ce cuprind o lista a tuturor bunurilor periculoase si care impun conditii detaliate in ceea ce priveste ambalarea si manipularea acestor bunuri.
- Delivery Receipt - a document that is typically signed by the receiver of a shipment to indicate that they have in fact received the item being shipped and have taken possession of it.
- Origin – the origin point of the carriage mentioned in the Air Waybill
- Destination – the ending point of the carriage mentioned in the Air Waybill
- Dimensions (DIMS) – the length, width and height measured in centimeters and used for calculating the freight charges and general information
- Flight Number – the flight identification number.
- Freight Forwarder – a company specialized in arranging storage and shipping of merchandise on behalf of its shippers, which usually provides a full range of services including: tracking inland transportation, preparation of shipping and export documents, warehousing, booking cargo space, negotiating freight charges, freight consolidation, cargo insurance, and filing of insurance claims.
- Freighter – an aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of cargo.
- General Cargo – cargo that is not classified as a special cargo (like dangerous goods, valuable, fresh, postal consignments etc)
- Gross Weight – the gross weight of the goods, including all the packing materials
- Handling – the action of handling the cargo
- House Air Waybill (HAWB) – an Air Waybill issued by a consolidator which contains instructions addressed to a breakbulk agent. It is always accompanied by a Master Waybill (MAWB)
- Master Air Waybill (MAWB) – AWB issued by a cargo agent to a breakbulk agent for consolidated cargo.
- IATA – abbreviation for International Air Transport Association, organization that issues rules and regulation to be followed in air freight.
- Letter of Credit (L/C) – a written commitment to pay, by a buyer's or importer's bank (called the issuing bank) to the seller's or exporter's bank (called the accepting bank, negotiating bank, or paying bank). A letter of credit guarantees payment of a specified sum in a specified currency, provided the seller meets precisely-defined conditions and submits the prescribed documents within a fixed timeframe.
- Live Animal Regulations (LAR) – the IATA Live Animals Regulations (LAR) is the essential standard to ship animals in a safe, and cost-effective manner.
- Cargo Manifest – a document that lists the goods carried in a means of transport or in a transport-unit (aircraft)
- Part (Partial) Shipment – a shipment of only some of the goods that were ordered; part delivery.
- Rate – the amount per unit established by the air cargo agent for the purpose of computing freight charges
- Rerouting – a new route choosed by the airline to carry the goods, other than the one specified in the Air Waybill (AWB)
- Road Feeder Service (RFS) – a truck that operates on regular routes or outside the regular routes of an aircraft
- Routing – all the airports that are mentioned in the Air Waybill, from the origin airport to destination airport
- Surcharges – additional fees related to air freight.
- Unit Load Device (ULD) – pallet or container used for bulk air cargo.
- Tare weight – the weight of ULD.
- UN numbers – UN numbers or UN IDs are four-digit numbers that identify dangerous goods, hazardous substances and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, toxic substances, etc.) in the framework of international transport, assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
- Valuable cargo (VAL) – a consignment which contains one or more of the
- Any article having a declared value for carriage of US $1,000.00(or its equivalent)
or more, per gross Kilogram;
- (1) Gold bullion (including refined and unrefined gold in ingot form), dore bullion,
(2) Gold only in the form of grain, sheet, foil, powder, sponge, wire, rod, tube, circles, moldings and castings;
- (1) Platinum, platinum metals (palladium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium and rhodium);
(2) Platinum alloys in the form of grain, sponge, bar, ingot, sheet, rod, wire, gauze,
tube and strip; Provided that those radioactive isotopes of the above metals and alloys are dangerous goods.
- Legal banknotes, traveler's cheques, securities, shares, share coupons, postage stamp and revenue stamps (excluding mint stamps from the United Kingdom) and ready for use bank cards and/or credit cards;
- (1) Diamonds (including diamonds for industrial use), rubies, emeralds, sapphires,
opals and real pearls (including cultured pearls);
(2) Jewelry consisting of any of the articles under (1) above;
- Jewelry and watches made of platinum and/or gold and/or silver; and
- Articles made of platinum and/or gold, other than platinum and/or gold plated.
- Volume – the volume of the cargo, measured in cubic meters
- Weight Charge – the air freight charges based on the cargo's actual weight.


text:
Is a feminist experiment in imagining and imagining the earth and its weather systems using DIY tools. Co-led by designer Sophie Dyer and geographer Sasha Engelmann, the collective produces artworks, workshops, and educational resources based on received weather satellite transmissions.
Out of these activities a transient network of participants has grown around the project, currently numbering more than 100 DIY Satellite Ground Station operators around the world, from Buenos Aires to Berlin. In the tradition of intersectional feminism, Open-weather investigates the politics of location and interlocking forms of oppression that shape our capacities to observe, negotiate, and respond to the climate crisis. In doing so, the collective challenges dominant representations of the Earth and environment while adding complexity to ideas around the weather beyond meteorology.


Waterfowl Historical
Waterfowl Historical (HM1XZS)
Location: Columbia, SD 57433 Brown County
Buy South Dakota State flags at Flagstore.com!
Country: United States of America
Buy United States of America flags at Flagstore.com!
N 45° 43.577', W 98° 18.361'
 - 0 check ins
 - 0 favorites
Perhaps our best known group of birds, waterfowl species such as ducks, geese and swans have webbed feet and water repellent feathers that allow them to float and swim easily. Often striking in plumage, waterfowl are found in a variety of watery habitats from the arctic to the tropics. Dabbling ducks tip tail-up in the water to feed and can spring directly into flight. Diving ducks dive deep in search of food and must run across the water surface to take flight.
Wetlands are Valuable
Far from being scary or worthless places, wetlands are wonderful.
We know now that wetlands are a vital link in the natural system that supplies the water which sustains all life.
Wetlands are Important in Many Ways.
Wetlands lessen the destructive effects of storms and floods.
Wetlands cleanse water of pollutants.
Wetlands recharge groundwater supplies.
Wetlands provide homes for many kinds of wildlife.
Wetlands are beautiful laces for people to enjoy being outdoors.
Going, Going, Gone?
Every year, we lose another two percent of the remaining wetlands in the United States - an astonishing 290,000 acres - to agriculture, development, mining, and other purposes.
Marker ConditionNo reports yet
Date Added Friday, April 21st, 2017 at 9:02am PDT -07:00
Locationbig map
UTM (WGS84 Datum)14T E 554001 N _PHONE_
Decimal Degrees45.72628333, -98.30601667
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 45° 43.577', W 98° 18.361'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds45° 43' 34.62" N, 98° 18' 21.66" W
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Area Code(s)605
Closest Postal AddressAt or near 39629-39656 Sand Lake Dr, Columbia SD 57433, US
Check Ins check in | all
Comments 0 comments
Maintenance Issues
 1. Is this marker part of a series?
 2. What historical period does the marker represent?
 3. What historical place does the marker represent?
 4. What type of marker is it?
 5. What class is the marker?
 6. What style is the marker?
 7. Does the marker have a number?
 8. What year was the marker erected?
 9. Who or what organization placed the marker?
 10. This marker needs at least one picture.
 11. Can this marker be seen from the road?
 12. Is the marker in the median?