text:
Dilworth Theater, Charlotte, N.C. 1939
Henderson County Public Library, Henderson, N.C.
The Dilworth Theater in Charlotte, N.C., was built for North Carolina Theatres, Inc., the company used by the Charlotte-based Wilby-Kincey theater chain for its North Carolina operations. The Dilworth was one of four Wilby-Kincey theaters operating in Charlotte. Located in the Piedmont region of the state, Charlotte had surpassed Wilmington as the state's largest city in 1910, and by 1940 had a population of more than 100,000, approximately thirty percent of which was African American. Charlotte was also the county seat of Mecklenburg County, the most populous county in North Carolina, with more than 150,000 residents. The Dilworth was located at 1609 South Boulevard in the neighborhood of the same name in South Charlotte.
In his book on Stillwell's drawings, Buildings as History: The Architecture of Erle Stillwell (Mitchell 2006, p. 132), William Mitchell describes the Dilworth as an exercise in "economical theater design".
Construction was concrete block, covered with stucco at the street front. The roof framing was steel bowstring trusses, clearly expressed in the front elevation. The Art-Deco design of the front was achieved solely by grooves in the stucco, forming pilasters on each side of the ticket lobby, a pattern of squares above, and two horizontal bands extending outward.
Plans for the Dilworth illustrate Stillwell's use of steel roof trusses, a construction technique common to movie theaters by the late 1930s. Such trusses enabled architects to design auditoriums capable of seating thousands of people and still provide unobstructed views of the screen from all parts of the house. Charlotte Herzog notes that in 1919, Thomas Lamb, architect of the Capitol Theater in New York City, employed a 170-foot steel truss, at that time the longest ever used in a building. (Herzog 1980, p. 85)
The Dilworth was the first North Carolina theater Stillwell had designed to be located outside of downtown and the first intended to be used as a secondrun houseshowing Hollywood films some months after their initial release in downtown theaters at cut-rate prices.
Front ElevationCharlotte Dilworth Theater, Courtesy of Henderson County Public Library, Henderson, N.C.
Dilworth was one of Charlotte's first "street-car" suburbs, planned in the 1890s and built out over the next four decades. The Dilworth Theater was approximately 1.5 miles from the center of downtown Charlotte.
The Dilworth had no mezzanine or balcony and little in the way of lobby or lounge amenities. Patrons bought their tickets from the box office in a recessed exterior lobby and entered the lobby, off of which were located toilets and a small cosmetic room for women. The shallow lobby led directly into the 600-seat auditorium. The screen was set into a small stage, but the Dilworth had no provisions for anything but the simplest forms of live entertainment (no fly loft or dressing rooms). The absence of a balcony suggests that the Dilworth was not designed to accommodate African Americans. Newspaper articles accompanying the opening of the theater make no mention of segregated spaces, and no "colored" admission prices are given in ads for the theater.
The Dilworth opened on Saturday, July 15, 1939. As had become customary, a dedication ceremony was held, attended by the mayor and open to the public. Much was made in newspaper coverage of the Dilworth Theater's contribution to the neighborhood, with local merchants taking out congratulatory ads and reminding readers of their convenient location in Dilworth. ("New Dilworth Theatre Opens, Filling Need for Large Section," Charlotte News, July 16, 1939, p. 10-A.)
The theater was destroyed in a fire in 1984.


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Any responsible pet owner knows that owning pets, especially dogs, is a big responsibility. However, in Costa Rica there is a big dog dilemma.
With thousands of puppy mills, so-called breeders, and pet shops throughout the island nation, dogs are everywhere, yet sadly, an estimated one million dogs are released to the streets each year by owners no longer able to or perhaps no longer want to care for them.
Just as in many other countries, dogs in Costa Rica are used as status symbols, given as gifts to children and loved ones, and brought in as companions. However, when the novelty wears off and the dogs grow, often without proper training or space to live, they can become more work than their owners think they are worth, and the dogs are thrown out into the street.
Dogs once welcomed into homes are just as quickly left to fend for themselves on the streets and even given a new name, "callejeros" or "street dogs".
Animals rescue workers have long urged residents to carefully consider bringing a pet into their home, and to never buy from pet stores, as many of the dogs come from puppy mills that continue to mistreat and over breed dogs, that as many now see just wind up on the streets.
During a recent National Geographic Channel documentary, "Dog Whisperer" Cesar Milan traveled to with Last Chance for Animals (LCA) to take a look inside puppy mills. Lat year, the Cesar Milan Foundation and LCA teamed up to create a PSA in Costa Rica tilted, "Adopt, Don't Shop."
See the Spanish-language PSA here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Definition of Anterior tongue
Anterior tongue: The front two-thirds of the tongue. In contrast to the base of the tongue, which is the back third. The distinction between the anterior and base of the tongue reflects the fact that they are of different embryological origin. The distinction also matters as regards cancer. See: Tongue cancer.
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
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These functions can be used to interrogate the status of an existing database connection object.
Tip: libpq application programmers should be careful to maintain the PGconn abstraction. Use the accessor functions described below to get at the contents of PGconn. Reference to internal PGconn fields using libpq-int.h is not recommended because they are subject to change in the future.
The following functions return parameter values established at connection. These values are fixed for the life of the PGconn object.
Returns the database name of the connection.
char *PQdb(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the user name of the connection.
char *PQuser(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the password of the connection.
char *PQpass(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the server host name of the connection.
char *PQhost(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the port of the connection.
char *PQport(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the debug TTY of the connection. (This is obsolete, since the server no longer pays attention to the TTY setting, but the function remains for backward compatibility.)
char *PQtty(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the command-line options passed in the connection request.
char *PQoptions(const PGconn *conn);
The following functions return status data that can change as operations are executed on the PGconn object.
Returns the status of the connection.
ConnStatusType PQstatus(const PGconn *conn);
The status can be one of a number of values. However,
only two of these are seen outside of an asynchronous
connection procedure: CONNECTION_OK and CONNECTION_BAD. A good connection to the
database has the status CONNECTION_OK. A failed connection attempt
is signaled by status CONNECTION_BAD. Ordinarily, an OK status
will remain so until
PQfinish, but a communications failure
might result in the status changing to CONNECTION_BAD prematurely. In that case the
application could try to recover by calling
See the entry for
PQconnectPoll with regards to other
status codes that might be returned.
Returns the current in-transaction status of the server.
PGTransactionStatusType PQtransactionStatus(const PGconn *conn);
The status can be PQTRANS_IDLE (currently idle), PQTRANS_ACTIVE (a command is in progress), PQTRANS_INTRANS (idle, in a valid transaction block), or PQTRANS_INERROR (idle, in a failed transaction block). PQTRANS_UNKNOWN is reported if the connection is bad. PQTRANS_ACTIVE is reported only when a query has been sent to the server and not yet completed.
Looks up a current parameter setting of the server.
const char *PQparameterStatus(const PGconn *conn, const char *paramName);
Certain parameter values are reported by the server
automatically at connection startup or whenever their
PQparameterStatus can be used to
interrogate these settings. It returns the current value of
a parameter if known, or NULL if
the parameter is not known.
Parameters reported as of the current release include server_version, server_encoding, client_encoding, application_name, is_superuser, session_authorization, DateStyle, IntervalStyle, TimeZone, integer_datetimes, and standard_conforming_strings. (server_encoding, TimeZone, and integer_datetimes were not reported by releases before 8.0; standard_conforming_strings was not reported by releases before 8.1; IntervalStyle was not reported by releases before 8.4; application_name was not reported by releases before 9.0.) Note that server_version, server_encoding and integer_datetimes cannot change after startup.
Pre-3.0-protocol servers do not report parameter
settings, but libpq
includes logic to obtain values for server_version and client_encoding anyway. Applications are
encouraged to use
PQparameterStatus rather than ad hoc code to determine these values.
(Beware however that on a pre-3.0 connection, changing
client_encoding via SET after connection startup will not be
PQparameterStatus.) For server_version, see also
PQserverVersion, which returns the
information in a numeric form that is much easier to
If no value for standard_conforming_strings is reported, applications can assume it is off, that is, backslashes are treated as escapes in string literals. Also, the presence of this parameter can be taken as an indication that the escape string syntax (E'...') is accepted.
Although the returned pointer is declared const, it in fact points to mutable storage associated with the PGconn structure. It is unwise to assume the pointer will remain valid across queries.
Interrogates the frontend/backend protocol being used.
int PQprotocolVersion(const PGconn *conn);
Applications might wish to use this function to determine whether certain features are supported. Currently, the possible values are 2 (2.0 protocol), 3 (3.0 protocol), or zero (connection bad). The protocol version will not change after connection startup is complete, but it could theoretically change during a connection reset. The 3.0 protocol will normally be used when communicating with PostgreSQL 7.4 or later servers; pre-7.4 servers support only protocol 2.0. (Protocol 1.0 is obsolete and not supported by libpq.)
Returns an integer representing the backend version.
int PQserverVersion(const PGconn *conn);
Applications might use this function to determine the version of the database server they are connected to. The number is formed by converting the major, minor, and revision numbers into two-decimal-digit numbers and appending them together. For example, version 8.1.5 will be returned as 80105, and version 8.2 will be returned as 80200 (leading zeroes are not shown). Zero is returned if the connection is bad.
Returns the error message most recently generated by an operation on the connection.
char *PQerrorMessage(const PGconn *conn);
Nearly all libpq
functions will set a message for
PQerrorMessage if they fail. Note that by
libpq convention, a
result can consist of multiple lines, and will include a
trailing newline. The caller should not free the result
directly. It will be freed when the associated PGconn handle is passed to
PQfinish. The result string should not be
expected to remain the same across operations on the
Obtains the file descriptor number of the connection socket to the server. A valid descriptor will be greater than or equal to 0; a result of -1 indicates that no server connection is currently open. (This will not change during normal operation, but could change during connection setup or reset.)
int PQsocket(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the process ID (PID) of the backend process handling this connection.
int PQbackendPID(const PGconn *conn);
The backend PID is useful for debugging purposes and for comparison to NOTIFY messages (which include the PID of the notifying backend process). Note that the PID belongs to a process executing on the database server host, not the local host!
Returns true (1) if the connection authentication method required a password, but none was available. Returns false (0) if not.
int PQconnectionNeedsPassword(const PGconn *conn);
This function can be applied after a failed connection attempt to decide whether to prompt the user for a password.
Returns true (1) if the connection authentication method used a password. Returns false (0) if not.
int PQconnectionUsedPassword(const PGconn *conn);
This function can be applied after either a failed or successful connection attempt to detect whether the server demanded a password.
Returns the SSL structure used in the connection, or null if SSL is not in use.
SSL *PQgetssl(const PGconn *conn);
This structure can be used to verify encryption levels, check server certificates, and more. Refer to the OpenSSL documentation for information about this structure.
You must define USE_SSL in order to get the correct prototype for this function. Doing so will also automatically include ssl.h from OpenSSL.


text:
In this Skeptics answer, a user provided a rough translation of a Chinese law article — from this source — about vehicles and pedestrians using Google Translate. So I thought, why don't we provide a good translation?
The Chinese article is:
And Google says:
Article 47 of the motor vehicle when passing a crosswalk, shall slow down traffic; when a pedestrian is crossing a crosswalk, shall stop to give.
Not the best translation, certainly. What would be a more appropriate translation?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- What kind of slaves did the Romans have?
- How did the Roman slaves live?
- How many slaves did Britain have?
- Were there any black Roman soldiers?
- How many slaves did the Romans take from Britain?
- Did Roman slaves get education?
- Was there slavery in Canada?
- What is the history of slavery in the world?
- Could Freedmen vote in ancient Rome?
- What race are Romans?
- When did Roman slavery stop?
- Who built the roads in ancient Rome?
- Where did Roman slaves sleep?
- What did Roman slaves eat for breakfast?
- What did the slaves eat?
- Could Roman soldiers get married?
- What percent of the Roman Empire were slaves?
- How did Roman Empire fall?
What kind of slaves did the Romans have?
Most slaves during the Roman Empire were foreigners and, unlike in modern times, Roman slavery was not based on race.
Slaves in Rome might include prisoners of war, sailors captured and sold by pirates, or slaves bought outside Roman territory..
How did the Roman slaves live?
The ancient Roman slaves who had the hardest lives were those who were put to work in the mines. They had to spend long hours underground in hot, cramped conditions. The mines were also unsafe and often slaves were killed in accidents.
How many slaves did Britain have?
Britain was the most dominant between 1640 and 1807 when the British slave trade was abolished. It is estimated that Britain transported 3.1 million Africans (of whom 2.7 million arrived) to the British colonies in the Caribbean, North and South America and to other countries.
Were there any black Roman soldiers?
Many years ago, there was an African Roman Emperor, Septimius Severus, who ruled large parts of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. When he came to Hadrian's Wall in 208AD, there were black soldiers already stationed there, they had travelled right across the Empire.
How many slaves did the Romans take from Britain?
A wealthy Roman might have between 400 and 500 slaves. What was life like for a slave? Life was very hard for many slaves. In Roman law they were seen as property of their master.
Did Roman slaves get education?
The large number of educated slaves in Roman society received their training in ways varying from self-education to instruction in formally organized schools within the larger households, which were called paedagogia.
Was there slavery in Canada?
The historian Marcel Trudel catalogued the existence of about 4,200 slaves in Canada between 1671 and 1834, the year slavery was abolished in the British Empire. About two-thirds of these were Native and one-third were Blacks. The use of slaves varied a great deal throughout the course of this period.
What is the history of slavery in the world?
Slavery occurred in civilizations as old as Sumer, as well as in almost every other ancient civilization, including ancient Egypt, ancient China, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, ancient Greece, ancient India, the Roman Empire, the Arab Islamic Caliphate and Sultanate, Nubia and the pre-Columbian …
Could Freedmen vote in ancient Rome?
Ancient Rome After manumission, a slave who had belonged to a Roman citizen enjoyed not only passive freedom from ownership, but active political freedom (libertas), including the right to vote. … Any future children of a freedman would be born free, with full rights of citizenship.
What race are Romans?
The Romans (Latin: Rōmānī, Classical Greek: Rhōmaîoi) were a cultural group, variously referred to as an ethnicity or a nationality, that in classical antiquity, from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD, came to rule large parts of Europe, the Near East and North Africa through conquests made during the Roman …
When did Roman slavery stop?
role in Roman society. While slavery never completely disappeared from ancient Roman society, its position in the Roman economy shifted at the beginning of the period called Late Antiquity (14 CE–500 CE). At this time, the slave system of the Roman world adjusted to a new category of labor.
Who built the roads in ancient Rome?
censor Appius Claudius CaecusThe first of the great Roman roads, the Via Appia (Appian Way), begun by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus in 312 bce, originally ran southeast from Rome 162 miles (261 km) to Tarentum (now Taranto) and was later extended to the Adriatic coast at Brundisium (now Brindisi).
Where did Roman slaves sleep?
Kitchen slaves probably slept where they worked, as did stable slaves. Porters would have bedded down in the small cubicles they used to guard the household entrance. Personal servant would have slept in the rooms of their master's or across their thresholds.
What did Roman slaves eat for breakfast?
Typically, the Romans ate three meals a day. The Romans ate a breakfast of bread or a wheat pancake eaten with dates and honey. At midday they ate a light meal of fish, cold meat, bread and vegetables. Often the meal consisted of the leftovers of the previous day's cena.
What did the slaves eat?
Maize, rice, peanuts, yams and dried beans were found as important staples of slaves on some plantations in West Africa before and after European contact. Keeping the traditional "stew" cooking could have been a form of subtle resistance to the owner's control.
Could Roman soldiers get married?
Roman soldiers were not allowed to get married. That changed depending on rank, but the rank and file were not legally allowed to get married – so there weren't any wives at home that had to get that painful letter (for the standard legionaries).
What percent of the Roman Empire were slaves?
20% and 30%A fairly large percentage of the people living in Rome and Italy were slaves. Historians aren't sure of an exact percentage but somewhere between 20% and 30% of the people were slaves. During the early parts of the Roman Empire, as many as one third of the people in Rome were slaves.
How did Roman Empire fall?
1. Invasions by Barbarian tribes. The most straightforward theory for Western Rome's collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s "barbarian" groups like the Goths had encroached beyond the Empire's borders.


text:
The complexity science research is the research of the ontological structures and the taxonomies of adaptive systems.
The Unicist Standard for complexity research was developed based on the characteristics of adaptive systems considered in their complexity, some of their characteristics are:
1) Open boundaries
2) Biunivocity of its components
3) The existence of conjunctions without disjunctions
4) The inexistence of observers
It differs from systemic research because it needs to be part of a real, non-simulated, functioning adaptive system. It does not allow making artificial experimentation.
Applicative research ends with the definition of the Unicist Standard.
Request more information: _EMAIL_
Expert System Manager
NOTE: The Unicist Research Institute is the major research organization in the world in its specialty based on more than 3,000 researches in complexity science applied to individual, institutional and social evolution. The applicative researches are based on the discovery of the Ontogenetic Intelligence of Nature and the consequent Unicist Theory of Evolution.
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L.A. Scene / The City Then and Now
February 07, 1994|CECILIA RASMUSSEN
First came the flood, then came the fire.
The warning was sounded at 11:15 a.m.--by a man named Revere, the caretaker of the massive Baldwin Hills Dam.
It was Dec. 14, 1963, and people were still talking about President John F. Kennedy's assassination three weeks before. Residents were preparing for the holidays, and Revere G. Wells was on his rounds when he heard water gurgling through a leak somewhere in the Baldwin Hills Reservoir, which supplied water for 100,000 to 500,000 residents from mid-Los Angeles to the airport.
He searched, discovering a crack in the 12-year-old dam about the width of a pencil.
Within three hours, as residents were frantically evacuated from the water's likely path, the crack had become a 75-foot-wide hole, unleashing 292 million gallons of water that gushed from the base of the dam at Cloverdale Avenue, and slammed into homes in its path. Most residents were alerted to the evacuation by the police or through news broadcasts.
The water roared onward, moving down steep hills in a fan-shaped path of destruction, to Rodeo Road between La Cienega Boulevard and La Brea Avenue.
When the flood stopped 77 minutes later, five people had drowned, 8,000 people had been driven from their homes, 65 houses had been destroyed, more than 210 other apartments and houses had been seriously damaged and $12 million in damage had been racked up.
The hillside community had first become a household word in 1932, when it was the site of the Olympic Games' first-ever Olympic Village. But the dam tragedy, and another disaster in 1985, left the public with a different memory of the place.
On July 2, 1985, only blocks from the dam disaster, tragedy struck Baldwin Hills again. Flames roared up the hillside from road flares an arsonist had laid on a weed-filled hillside near La Brea Avenue just north of Stocker Street.
The blaze ripped through seven streets of the Baldwin Hills community, consuming 48 homes, damaging 18 others, causing $16 million in damage and leaving three people dead, including the mother of a firefighter who lived there.
The name of both the area and the dam that served it date to the 19th Century, to a man named Elias Jackson (Lucky) Baldwin, a colorful entrepreneur who lived with an opulent disregard for Victorian conventions, and was said to have survived two murder attempts by jilted lovers.
Before Baldwin bought the property, it had been part of the 4,000-acre Rancho La Cienega, owned by Vicente Sanchez, the \o7 alcalde, \f7 or mayor, of Los Angeles in 1830.
When Sanchez died, the property was taken over by an heir, Tomas A. Sanchez, the sheriff of Los Angeles County for nearly 10 years. Sanchez sold the ranch and it eventually was purchased by Baldwin--who died in 1909, thinking that the ranch was a white elephant.
He couldn't have been more wrong.
In 1932, Olympic planners found the empty land an ideal site on which to build the Olympic Village, home base for 2,000 visiting athletes. Not only was it less than four miles from the Coliseum, but its hillside location made it 10 degrees cooler than the city below.
Five miles of streets were wrapped around the hills, and alongside them 500 trim, pink-and-white prefabricated cottages were erected. The Olympic village innovation grew partly out of Depression-era concerns that some nations would be forced to pass up the Olympics because they could not afford to house their athletes during the games.
After the games, the cottages were knocked down. The Baldwin estate was eventually subdivided and developed with costly houses that by the late 1940s were making Baldwin Hills a well-to-do enclave.
Today, the area bears little evidence of the torrents that once swept it, or of the fire that ravaged it years after.
No cause was ever found for the reservoir rupture. But like the fire, it created a lasting legal legacy:
The city claimed that oil drilling had weakened the dam's substructure over several years. Oil company engineers blamed the deluge on a shift of the Newport-Inglewood Fault.
The city and oil companies finally settled with the property owners out of court for $13 million in 1970. Most of the houses were rebuilt and roads repaired. But the reservoir was left empty.
In the 1985 fire, investigators found the remains of several road flares that an arsonist used to ignite the 10-acre firestorm on a weed-filled hill then owned by Pepperdine University. A $35,000 reward was offered by the city and state for information leading to a conviction, but the crime remains unsolved.
In court, homeowners and Pepperdine blamed each other for negligence in not keeping the land cleared of brush. Some of the 90 lawsuits were finally combined and resolved, and others were dismissed.
Today, what was once the 19-acre reservoir has been partially filled in with earth, grass and trees to extend the 300-acre park named after the area's retired county supervisor, Kenneth Hahn.
Los Angeles Times Articles


Editor's Picks
Meet AV1: A Robot that Helps Sick Kids Remain Present in the Classroom
By Cait Etherington
March 24, 2018
There have been many recent reports about the role telepresence robots are about to play in our lives, but one Norwegian-based startup is already using them to transform people's lives on a profound level. No Isolation recently launched the AV1, which the company describes as "the world's first telepresence robot specifically developed for children and young adults with long-term illness."
Karen Dolva and colleagues, Marius Aabel and Matias Doyle, met in 2012 at Norway's largest launch pad for tech startups. From the start, they imagined coming up with a tech solution to a pervasive problem: social isolation. As they brainstormed their idea, they realized the far-reaching impacts of social isolation and loneliness. In 2015, they launched No Isolation. In the company's own words, No Isolation "tackles loneliness and involuntary social isolation by developing communication tools that can help those affected."
eLearning Inside News recently caught up with CEO Karen Dolva to learn more about No Isolation, the AV1, and the company's mandate to tackle social isolation with tech solutions.
How and Why the AV1 Came to Life
Cait Etherington: What initially led No Isolation to develop AV1? How did you realize there was a need for a telepresence robot in classrooms?
Karen Dolva: Both AV1 and No Isolation came as the result of meeting Anne Fi Troye, a mother who lost her teenage daughter, Cornelia, to cancer in 2005. Reflecting on her loss, Anna Fi noted that in the years following her diagnosis, the level of solitude Cornelia felt was "much worse than the diagnosis, the pain and the treatment." Anna Fi was already trying to find ways to reduce the loneliness of other children in Cornelia's situation when we met, and I knew I needed to help.
I, with my co-founders at No Isolation, immediately began researching the solutions that already existed and was shocked to learn that there was very little technology in place to help those suffering from long-term illness stay connected to the outside world. From speaking with various charities and organizations we knew that we wanted to build a tool that would allow children to participate both in their studies and in their social lives, so that they'd not fall behind in any area.
We actually didn't know we'd be making a telepresence robot when we started – it was only through testing ideas with different children that AV1 began to form.
CE: Why is AV1 a better option than simply a remote monitor? After all, couldn't students just use Facetime or Skype to be present at a distance? Why is this a more effective option?
KD: The main difference is security and control – with AV1 the child chooses when they log on and where they look, and it is safe and secure in a classroom situation because no data is stored – everything is transferred in real-time.
Also, the difference between AV1 and something like FaceTime or Skype is that AV1 has a one-way camera. During our prototype testing, we found that children preferred this, as they didn't need to worry about how they looked to their classmates, especially if they were feeling particularly poorly on any given day.
Additionally, No Isolation's AV1 is a physical robot that can mimic certain human gestures. For example, the user can use the robot to physically turn and look at whoever is speaking and can use their controller to nod, shake their head and move around on a 360-degree axis. We also added a 'whisper mode', where the user can speak quietly via their AV1 in class, rather than projecting their voice to the whole room. This creates a much more compelling and physical presence.
Most importantly though, AV1 is designed to be picked up and moved around. Our users can go out to the playground or the canteen at break time and won't miss out on socializing with their friends. AV1's also go on field trips and on family outings. We know of AVs that have been to the zoo, have been kayaking and that have been to concerts and theatre shows. By creating an avatar that is physically present, it is easier for the child to feel as though they are actually there, and for their classmates to involve them.
Reactions to the AV1
CE: How do children who are present in the classroom respond to No Isolation's AV1? Do they think it's weird to have their classmate mediated by a robot, or does the presence of the robot, in fact, add to the classroom dynamic?
KD: Interestingly, we find that the younger the kids, the more quickly they adapt to the technology! After a few minutes, they forget that there is a robot in class, and view it simply as their friend. It is the adults that take a little longer to get used to the idea.
Speaking with our users in the UK, we've heard that their classmates have all been very excited when an AV1 has been introduced into the classroom, and have asked lots of questions about how and why the technology is helping their friend. In fact, we've even heard that one child actually told a mother of a user that he wished his other friend who was currently off school with a long-term illness had access to an AV1, which is incredibly heartwarming.
No Isolation's Success Stories
CE: Can you share a success story?
KD: One of our users is a 12-year-old boy called Elliot, who is recovering from surgery to remove a brain tumor. As a result of his treatment, surgery and recovery, Elliot has been forced to miss a lot of school. He's also been incredibly self-conscious about his appearance, as a result of his illness, so has been reluctant to see his friends.
His teachers at Preston School, Somerset, were incredibly keen to help him get back up to speed, and so raised funds to purchase an AV1 for him to use. Now that Elliot has access to an AV1, he is able to attend class remotely – meaning that he is catch up on his studies and slowly begin to re-integrate himself back into school life on his terms.
CE: How much will it cost for schools or families to adopt an AV1? Do you have plans to make access to AV1 accessible, even to families who may be struggling financially?
KD: AV1 is available to rent in the UK, with prices for parents beginning at £280/month (including insurance and support) for users who expect to be away for less than six months, extending to £1800/year (including insurance and support) for those who have to be away for more than six months.
Organisations in the public sector, such as schools, can purchase AV1 through Atea – Northern Europe's market leader in IT infrastructure. Each avatar is sold at £2200 with a £90 extra monthly fee for 4G, support, and insurance. This monthly fee enables the school to contact No Isolation for tech assistance or a change of user, should the school wish to recycle the avatar once the pupil has returned to school.
We understand that loneliness and isolation affect thousands of people of varying financial circumstances, which is why an AV1 can be donated to a user or a school by a company, organization or foundation.
No Isolation's New Project Aims to Transform Seniors' Lives
CE: What's next for No Isolation? Do you have other projects in development at the moment or plans to expand AV1's presence in other contexts?
KD: Our next product, KOMP, is aimed at solving the loneliness epidemic among seniors. We have conducted extensive research into this topic and found that many seniors wished they could talk to their family more, while the family members felt guilty for not talking to their elderly relatives enough. We also learnt that while many families would give their elderly relatives devices like tablets and computers, many seniors found the systems too complex and not adapted for reduced hearing, touch and eyesight. We wanted to create something that would address all of these issues and reduce loneliness in seniors.
KOMP allows seniors to passively receive images, messages and video calls. It has one button, a large screen, and quality loudspeakers. The button allows for the device to be turned on and off, as well as controlling the volume. There is no touchscreen, and there are no pop-up messages, log-in details, emails or passwords.
The content in KOMP is managed from the connected app. Family and friends send messages, images and start video conversations. When video calling, the KOMP screen lights up and automatically starts counting down from 10. If the user wants to receive the call they just let it count down and it automatically starts, while if they want to reject the call they turn their KOMP off. If it is turned off already, the KOMP will call as a normal phone and the senior needs to turn it on to receive the call.
Having proven its success in Norway, with more than 200 seniors using KOMP, No Isolation's product will be coming to the UK very soon, and is available for pre-order now.


Sculptor Lisa Roet's work has been an evolutionary process in itself. She maintains the school of thought "of the purity of making art". Her fascination with primates spans her entire artistic career where she combines both science and art. She has worked extensively throughout the world in zoos studying monkeys, gibbons, apes and gorillas. Where she considers "what makes "us" primates ", the methods of communication used and our many other similarities. Themes have a common thread and range from "heart and love' "beauty and the beast" "creation vs evolution and "heartbeats". Her body of work includes bronze, stained glass, video, photography, printmaking and recently a new media called "musion" a cutting edge digital type film. Parts of the primates bodies have featured in all media especially the finger, a death mask and primate hands where the palm and finger placement are of real interest to her. Lisa also has a collection of gorilla suits which also feature in her work where she reflects upon the fashion industry. Lisa Roet seems to never tire of her subject matter and is constantly re-invigorating her ideas about nature and our relationship between primates and humans, love and the heart. Her continued versatility and enthusiasm to embrace all materials and explore their possibilities is inspiring.
Roet image 1maxresdefault


Conveyancing and the Advantages of Seeking Professional Help
By law, conveyancing is the act of transferring the contract deeds of one property, such as a house or office space, from one owner to another. Certainly, each person has once in their life experienced selling or buying a property that is why ample knowledge in this field is highly advised. Although the mere act of conveyancing can be done by anybody, more and more people are hiring the services of professionals.
In this article, we will discuss the advantages of seeking the help of a professional conveyancer on this legal matter.
 1. They are knowledgeable
How extensive is your knowledge in assets law, bidding, contract exchange, and real estate matters? If your answer is not much, it is really a good idea to get help for your conveyancing needs from more knowledgeable people. Conveyancers hold a license issued by the Council of Licensed Conveyancers and have spent a lot of time studying all there is in the industry. They can answer your questions better than any research you will get from the Internet. Besides, their knowledge is what you have paid their conveyancing fees for.
 1. They hold a great amount of practical experience
They will know exactly how to manage your case as they have already dealt with similar situations before. They know the right people to talk to. They know which official to speak with at the Local Authority to find out if there are factors that may affect the value of the property, for example. Your conveyancer will guide you in every step of the way and will give valuable advice on the process. Because of their substantial experience, no problem is too big for them as they can find a way out of that difficulty.
 1. They are your legal representatives
This is one of the great things about hiring a conveyancer. They will be the ones to process the transaction on your behalf so all you have to focus on is moving to your new house if you are the buyer, or receiving the money from the purchase as the seller. You will not have to carry the burden of sitting in seemingly endless meetings, bidding, or dealing with paper works. Because of these professionals, clients find conveyancing not as stressful and time-consuming.
These are just some of the benefits you can take advantage of when you employ the services of a conveyancer. However, it is very important to do a background check on the conveyancer you are eyeing to know if he is suitable for the job. There are a lot of conveyancer solicitors around, they come in varying credentials, conveyancing fees, and areas of experience. Never entrust your property and your money without doing the mandatory research.
Conveyancing is a crucial part in any property transaction. Finding the right professional is essential for a smooth property deed transfer. Good luck on your search!
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Delocalized Electrons?
Electron delocalization is when an electron is shared by more than two atoms. This phenomenon puzzled chemists until it was learned that electrons could be shared in this way, but delocalized electrons have turned out to be very important in organic chemistry and affect the reactions a compound can undergo.
Q&A Related to "Delocalized Electrons?"
What is meant by localized and delocalized electrons?
Delocalized elections are electrons in a molecule, ion, or solid metal that are not
Localized electrons are electrons that are located within the electron cloud of a particular atom. Delocalized electrons are electrons not associated with any particular atom, and
Delocalised electrons are spread across more than one atom. Usually electrons in materials are bound to one atom, and atoms are held together by the interactions of the charges on
Explore this Topic
Great question. It delves into molecular orbital theory. There are 4 electrons delocalized in the pi system. Two occupy a molecular orbital containing node in...
The word delocalization refers to the process of delocalising or the act of being delocalised. In chemistry declocalisation refers to the bonding electrons that...
The attraction of valence electrons for metal ions is called the metallic bond. The metallic bond is the result of delocalization of electrons and electron deficiency...


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Lesson 2: Project planning
The planning phase happens immediately before commencing your data collection. During this phase, you should revise your work plan with the most recent information and expand it to include more details. For example, under the main task of "collect primary data" you might want to add activities and dates to include:
- Design sample selection according to inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Recruit participants
- Staff and train filed assistants / translators
- Translate research protocols into local language
Often for each major activity in the high level plan you created during the initiation phase, there are a series of sub-tasks that may need to be completed in support of the main activity. Be sure to think about the supporting tasks needed to complete all high level activities. Consult your thesis supervisor for assistance.
During this phase, you should also review your budget and revise with any new information. Often the initial budget reflects an informed estimate and actual figures for labour and research materials will differ from this early version as details emerge when your data collection period approaches. If traveling out of your county of study to collect data, be sure to check that exchange rates haven't changed significantly since you first created a budget for your thesis research.
Learn how to make a data management plan in the following


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The cape, known by geologists as the Yehliu Promontory, forms part of the Daliao Miocene Formation. It stretches approximately 1,700 metres into the ocean and was formed as geological forces pushed the Datun Mountains out of the sea.
A distinctive feature of the cape is the hoodoo stones that dot its surface. These shapes can be viewed at the Yehliu Geopark operated by the North Coast and Guanyinshan National Scenic Area administration. A number of rock formations have been given imaginative names based on their shapes. The best known is the "Queen's Head" (女王頭), an iconic image in Taiwan and an unofficial emblem for the town of Wanli. Other formations include the "Fairy Shoe", the "Beehive", the "Ginger Rocks", and the "Sea Candles".
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yehliu.|
|This article about a location in Taiwan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Analysis of Diffraction Corrections for Rectangular Ultrasonic Radiators in a Rigid Screen,
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
Pagination or Media Count:
The paper presents the results of the calculation of diffraction corrections for radiating and receiving transducers of the square shape. Graphs and tables of the average pressure on the receiving transducer as a function of the generalized distance are given.
- Electrical and Electronic Equipment


William McKinley, Optimal Reneging, and the Spanish-American War
34 Pages Posted: 7 Mar 2017 Last revised: 24 May 2019
Date Written: March 6, 2017
President William McKinley's decision to go to war with Spain is not well understood. Since McKinley kept very few written records, little is known about his actual thought process. As a result, historians have struggled with the apparent contradiction between McKinley's initial commitment to peace and subsequent decision to go to war and tend to focus on identifying outside forces that can explain the reversal. In this paper, I develop a model of optimal reneging. Contrary to conventional narratives among historians that McKinley's decision to go to war was a contradiction of his earlier position, my model suggests that McKinley's decision can be understood as an optimal timing problem. I start with the premise that a country would prefer to enter conflict only when its military capability is sufficient to make a victory likely. Thus, a country will commit to peace until its military capability reaches some threshold. Once military capability reaches this threshold, it is optimal to renege on a commitment to peace. I conduct simulations of the model to determine the likelihood that McKinley would renege during his first term. I find that if the ex ante estimate of the benefits of war were 2 - 2.6 times the ex ante estimate of cost, then the probability of reneging after one year is approximately 1% - 18%. If the perceived benefits were 2.7 times the ex ante estimate of cost (or greater), entry during McKinley's first term is certain.
Keywords: War, Political Economy, William McKinley, Spanish-American War
JEL Classification: H56, N41
Suggested Citation
Hendrickson, Joshua R., William McKinley, Optimal Reneging, and the Spanish-American War (March 6, 2017). Available at SSRN: _URL_ or _URL_
Joshua R. Hendrickson (Contact Author)
University of Mississippi ( email )
Oxford, MS 38677
United States
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Damage Detection and System Identification using a Wavelet Energy Based Approach Joo Duk Jin author Columbia University. Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Betti Raimondo thesis advisor Columbia University. Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Columbia University. Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics originator text Dissertations 2012 English Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is central to the goal of maintaining civil engineering structures safely and efficiently, and thereby securing people's lives and property. Furthermore, it plays an essential role in infrastructure design at a fraction of the capital cost of construction. In this thesis, we seek to address two of the central concerns of the SHM: parametric system identification and damage detection. The first proposed method seeks to identify the physical parameters of an analytical model. First, the connection coefficients for the scaling function were developed for deriving the responses of the velocity and displacement from the acceleration responses. Next, defining the dominant sets based on the relative energies of the Wavelet Components of the acceleration responses, the equations of motion of the system in the time domain were converted to a reduced representation of the equations of motion in terms of the DWT and of the DWPT. Finally, the least square error minimization was conducted over the dominant sets to estimate the best estimation of the physical parameters. The second proposed method seeks to detect damage in a structure. Motivated by the fact that the Empirical Mode Decomposition is seen to have different features from the Discrete Wavelet Transform when one investigates nonstationary signals, we have combined the Empirical Mode Decomposition with the Discrete Wavelet Transform to enhance the performance of the proposed method for identifying damage in the structure. Ph.D., Columbia University. Civil engineering _URL_ NNC NNC 2012-09-12 15:17:00 -0400 2012-09-12 15:32:56 -0400 8709 eng


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Metastability in electronics is the ability of a digital electronics system to persist for an unbounded time in an unstable equilibrium or metastable state.In digital logic circuits, a digital signal is required to be within certain voltage or current limits to represent a '0' or '1' logic level for correct circuit operation; if the signal is within a forbidden intermediate range it may cause faulty behavior in logic gates the signal is applied to. In metastable states, the circuit may be unable to settle into a stable '0' or '1' logic level within the time required for proper circuit operation. As a result, the circuit can act in unpredictable ways, and may lead to a system failure, sometimes referred to as a "glitch". Metastability is an instance of the Buridan's ass paradox.
Metastable states are inherent features of asynchronous digital systems, and of systems with more than one independent clock domain. In self-timed asynchronous systems, arbiters are designed to allow the system to proceed only after the metastability has resolved, so the metastability is a normal condition, not an error condition.In synchronous systems with asynchronous inputs, synchronizers are designed to make the probability of a synchronization failure acceptably small. Metastable states are avoidable in fully synchronous systems when the input setup and hold time requirements on flip-flops are satisfied.
A simple example of metastability can be found in an SR NOR latch, when both Set and Reset inputs are true (R=1 and S=1) and then both transition to false (R=0 and S=0) at about the same time. Both outputs Q and Q are initially held at 0 by the simultaneous Set and Reset inputs. After both Set and Reset inputs change to false, the flip-flop will (eventually) end up in one of two stable states, one of Q and Q true and the other false. The final state will depend on which of R or S returns to zero first, chronologically, but if both transition at about the same time, the resulting metastability, with intermediate or oscillatory output levels, can take arbitrarily long to resolve to a stable state.
In electronics, an arbiter is a circuit designed to determine which of several signals arrive first. Arbiters are used in asynchronous circuits to order computational activities for shared resources to prevent concurrent incorrect operations. Arbiters are used on the inputs of fully synchronous systems, and also between clock domains, as synchronizers for input signals. Although they can minimize the occurrence of metastability to very low probabilities, all arbiters nevertheless have metastable states, which are unavoidable at the boundaries of regions of the input state space resulting in different outputs.
Synchronous circuit design techniques make digital circuits that are resistant to the failure modes that can be caused by metastability. A clock domain is defined as a group of flip-flops with a common clock. Such architectures can form a circuit guaranteed free of metastability (below a certain maximum clock frequency, above which first metastability, then outright failure occur), assuming a low-skew common clock. However, even then, if the system has a dependence on any continuous inputs then these are likely to be vulnerable to metastable states.
When synchronous design techniques are used, protection against metastable events causing systems failures need only be provided when transferring data between different clock domains or from an unclocked region into the synchronous system. This protection can often take the form of a series of delay flip-flops which delay the data stream long enough for metastability failures to occur at a negligible rate.
Although metastability is well understood and architectural techniques to control it are known, it persists as a failure mode in equipment.
Serious computer and digital hardware bugs caused by metastability have a fascinating social history. Many engineers have refused to believe that a bistable device can enter into a state that is neither true nor false and has a positive probability that it will remain indefinite for any given period of time, albeit with exponentially decreasing probability over time.However, metastability is an inevitable result of any attempt to map a continuous domain to a discrete one. At the boundaries in the continuous domain between regions which map to different discrete outputs, points arbitrarily close together in the continuous domain map to different outputs, making a decision as to which output to select a difficult and potentially lengthy process. If the inputs to an arbiter or flip-flop arrive almost simultaneously, the circuit most likely will traverse a point of metastability. Metastability remains poorly understood in some circles, and various engineers have proposed their own circuits said to solve or filter out the metastability; typically these circuits simply shift the occurrence of metastability from one place to another. Chips using multiple clock sources are often tested with tester clocks that have fixed phase relationships, not the independent clocks drifting past each other that will be experienced during operation. This usually explicitly prevents the metastable failure mode that will occur in the field from being seen or reported. Proper testing for metastability often employs clocks of slightly different frequencies and ensuring correct circuit operation.
In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock. The most common type is a sequential digital logic circuit with an input line called the clock and multiple output lines. The values on the output lines represent a number in the binary or BCD number system. Each pulse applied to the clock input increments or decrements the number in the counter.
Digital electronics, digital technology or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that operate on digital signals. In contrast, analog circuits manipulate analog signals whose performance is more subject to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation and noise. Digital techniques are helpful because it is much easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.
In digital circuit theory, sequential logic is a type of logic circuit whose output depends not only on the present value of its input signals but on the sequence of past inputs, the input history as well. This is in contrast to combinational logic, whose output is a function of only the present input. That is, sequential logic has state (memory) while combinational logic does not.
In electronics and especially synchronous digital circuits, a clock signal is a particular type of signal that oscillates between a high and a low state and is used like a metronome to coordinate actions of digital circuits.
In digital circuits, a runt pulse is a narrow pulse that, due to non-zero rise and fall times of the signal, does not reach a valid high or low level. A runt pulse may occur when switching between asynchronous clocks; or as the result of a race condition in which a signal takes two separate paths through a circuit, which may have different delays, and is then recombined to form a glitch; or when the output of a flip-flop becomes metastable.
Buridan's ass is an illustration of a paradox in philosophy in the conception of free will. It refers to a hypothetical situation wherein a donkey that is equally hungry and thirsty is placed precisely midway between a stack of hay and a pail of water. Since the paradox assumes the ass will always go to whichever is closer, it dies of both hunger and thirst since it cannot make any rational decision between the hay and water. A common variant of the paradox substitutes two identical piles of hay for the hay and water; the ass, unable to choose between the two, dies of hunger.
Source-Synchronous clocking refers to a technique used for timing symbols on a digital interface. Specifically, it refers to the technique of having the transmitting device send a clock signal along with the data signals. The timing of the unidirectional data signals is referenced to the clock sourced by the same device that generates those signals, and not to a global clock. Compared to other digital clocking topologies like system-synchronous clocks, where a global clock source is fed to all devices in the system, a source-synchronous clock topology can attain far higher speeds.
The term synchronizer may refer to:
A synchronous circuit is a digital circuit in which the changes in the state of memory elements are synchronized by a clock signal. In a sequential digital logic circuit, data is stored in memory devices called flip-flops or latches. The output of a flip-flop is constant until a pulse is applied to its "clock" input, upon which the input of the flip-flop is latched into its output. In a synchronous logic circuit, an electronic oscillator called the clock generates a string of pulses, the "clock signal". This clock signal is applied to every storage element, so in an ideal synchronous circuit, every change in the logical levels of its storage components is simultaneous. Ideally, the input to each storage element has reached its final value before the next clock occurs, so the behaviour of the whole circuit can be predicted exactly. Practically, some delay is required for each logical operation, resulting in a maximum speed at which each synchronous system can run.
An asynchronous circuit, or self-timed circuit, is a sequential digital logic circuit which is not governed by a clock circuit or global clock signal. Instead it often uses signals that indicate completion of instructions and operations, specified by simple data transfer protocols. This type of circuit is contrasted with synchronous circuits, in which changes to the signal values in the circuit are triggered by repetitive pulses called a clock signal. Most digital devices today use synchronous circuits. However asynchronous circuits have the potential to be faster, and may also have advantages in lower power consumption, lower electromagnetic interference, and better modularity in large systems. Asynchronous circuits are an active area of research in digital logic design.
The Muller C-element is a small digital block widely used in design of asynchronous circuits and systems. It has been specified formally in 1955 by David E. Muller and first used in ILLIAC II computer


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When implementing a system that requires performance, we sometimes use NIFs, a mechanism for calling higher-performance C code from Elixir. NIFs perform better than Port, another mechanism to call C. However, they have the disadvantage that if they crash, the entire Erlang VM will be abnormally terminated, even under Supervisor's control. This defect is a significant obstacle when building fault-tolerant systems.
This talk shows three points to describe robust NIFs:
- Appropriately set a conditional branch where each function call may return an uncertain value.
- Perform error handling according to general conventions.
- Make assertions that specify implicit preconditions and raise exceptions for Supervisor to handle. This talk also shows how to improve performance even with such robustness and fault tolerance and build NIFs for various platforms.
- Present that NIFs are mechanisms for calling higher-performance C code from Elixir.
- Also, present that though Supervisor realizes fault tolerance, ordinal NIFs hinder it.
- Provide three tips on enabling Supervisor to achieve fault tolerance even with NIFs.
- Anyone who has interested in how to describe NIFs with fault-tolerance.


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This chapter explains how to visualize tracks, how to retrieve reference data and finally how to perform generic comparisons between tracks.
The genome browser is the graphical interface where tracks can be presented alone or together with other tracks. Tracks are the fundamental building blocks for data analysis in the Biomedical Genomics Workbench and provide a unified framework for the visualization, comparison and analysis of genome-scale studies.
In tracks, all information is tied to genomic positions. A central coordinate-system is provided by a reference genome, which allows different types of data or results for different samples to be seen and analyzed together.
Different types of data are represented in different types of tracks, and each type of track has its own particular editors. An example of a paired-end mapping read-track displaying reads and coverage is shown in figure 19.1.


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The name Annette is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Annette is: Grace.
The name Annette is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Annette is: Grace.
The name Annette is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Annette is: Aintroduced to Britain in the 13th century, made popular in the 14th century by the cult of St Anne. The form of the name varies with fashion:.
The name Annette is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Annette is: meaning Little Ann. Variant of Hebrew 'Hannah' meaning 'Favor. Grace. '.
People with this name have a deep inner desire to inspire others in a higher cause, and to share their own strongly held views on spiritual matters.Expression Number: 7
People with this name are excellent at analyzing, understanding, and learning. They tend to be mystics, philosophers, scholars, and teachers. Because they live so much in the mind, they tend to be quiet and introspective, and are usually introverts. When presented with issues, they will see the larger picture. Their solitary thoughtfulness and analysis of people and world events may make them seem aloof, and sometimes even melancholy.
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Current conditions of each piece of equipment can be checked by using predictive maintenance and periodical measurements of monitored quantities at MVE and as a result, we can prevent any possible accidents from happening. One of these measurement methods is vibrodiagnostics which is used for measuring vibrations of important rotating equipment in use and in operation.
According to measuring standards, vibrodiagnostics can be measured in two ways:
Continuous measurements – characterize the current conditions of vibrations of each equipment during its operation in order to diagnose trouble free conditions of rotating parts. In practice, it is common e.g. some dirt (waste) collected on turbine blades creates higher vibration levels via unbalanced loads. To avoid shortening lifespan of these equipment exposed to load, we do analyze the increase in vibrations levels and take actions accordingly.
Predictive – periodical measurements – regularly performed at least once a year in order to determine detailed conditions of individual components. The gearbox is the most monitored rotating component at our power stations (MVE Hričov and MVE Kočkovce). The picture you see here shows CTA diagnostics – the assessment of the gear teeth meshing. Historical data of this measurement are used for evaluating wear state levels and each component lifetime can be thus predicted.
Thanks to these periodical measurements of vibrations, we can diagnose not only the conditions of bearings and gearboxes, but, in particular, of all rotating parts, and thus we prevent them from shortening lifespan.


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Level Curves of a Hamiltonian System
 1. Apr 16, 2008 #1
 Various problems in my textbook ask me to sketch the level curves for a Hamiltonian system, but they don't suggest how to go about it. I know that I need to determine the eigenvalues for each equilibrium point in the given system, and these values hint at the behavior of solutions near each respective equilibrium point. Do I need to sketch a direction field to help me see how the curves behave? What else might I be missing?
 Also, do the Hamiltonian level curves only suggest what the solutions to non-linear systems look like, or can it somehow lead explicit solutions?
 Any help is appreciated.
 2. jcsd
Can you offer guidance or do you also need help?
Similar Discussions: Level Curves of a Hamiltonian System
 1. Bézier Curves (Replies: 0)


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TRONDHEIM, Norway, Oct. 3, 2012 — An international collaboration of space agencies aims to improve cameras for future missions by adding a third dimension.
The European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA need improved and less resource-intensive systems than the conventional 2-D cameras currently deployed on spacecrafts and space rovers. Those now in use resemble the digital cameras in mobile devices but are significantly better quality.
Now, scientists at Thales Alenia Space of Belgium, Danish space sensor manufacturer Terma, and SINTEF, the largest independent research organization in Scandinavia, are conducting a study on behalf of ESA to identify better imaging options for current and future space missions.
The comet chaser Rosetta meets asteroid. Courtesy of ESA.
Cameras are used everywhere in space: for docking space stations, for navigating on foreign planets, and for landing spacecraft safely. In all of these scenarios, 3-D data is required for operations, but the cameras available are incapable of providing this information when used alone. Instead, 3-D images are created by mounting several cameras together in stereo configurations, and by using complex computations to measure the third dimension. These calculations are unreliable and power-hungry, making them unattractive for space use.
Thales Alenia Space has mapped the requirements for a 3-D camera system in space; based on that, SINTEF has evaluated a variety of time-of-flight technologies to determine their relative strengths and weaknesses in such a setting. Terma will build a breadboard prototype, which will be tested and evaluated by ESA and all three companies.
The technology may also be useful in industrial settings. The real-time 3-D measurements enabled by time-of-flight technology have the potential to open new applications in industrial automation, inspection and navigation, and its relatively low cost could enable widespread adoption.
For more information, visit: _URL_


Sentence for discourage | Use discourage in a sentence
Discourage sentence examples. ESL students, professors, & those learning a new language might especially enjoy this webpage. The lines of text below use discourage in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for discourage.
 - Doria to interdict, or at least discourage, his visits, for the appearance of the man was that of an embodied sigh and groan. (10)
 - It is surely my duty to discourage such romantic nonsense. (4)
 - It would not discourage me. (9)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for discourage. Perhaps also see a sentence for drugs and ways to use digression in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use discourage in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.
People looking for: "discourage in sentence", "sentence of discourage", "use discourage in a sentence", visited this page.


Wildfires - an approach based on-field inspections
Published: 19-04-2021| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/zc9h6tr55d.1
Pablo Silva,
This data consists of a sample of the potential wildfire facilitators that could explain the size of the burnt area at the Historical Site and Cultural Heritage Kalunga. For each burnt area was measured the distance to these facilitators under the premise that it could increase the human access routes and create favorable regions to ignite forest fires. Dependent variable: size of the burnt area. Independent variables: fences, houses, roads, rivers, and rural buildings.
Steps to reproduce
1º Open the R programming code to perform the analyses (R-code.R) 2º Load R packages 3º Load the data file named "dado" on line 16 (data.txt) To obtain the results of the analysis, simply reproduce the rest of the code.


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Errors and any other interruptions are one of the major sources of frustration to viewers. The correlation between technical streaming issues and viewers abandoning playback has been well studied. In essence, there is a real cost to every error that a viewer experiences on your platform. The below models for AVOD and SVOD let you calculate how costly an error is.
In a research paper Krishnan and Sitaraman calculated that "a viewer who experienced failure is 2.32% less likely to revisit the same site within a week". Based on this research we created the following calculator:
Calculate the percentage the customer lifetime value increases by decreasing a particular technical error


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Math::PlanePath::ChanTree -- tree of rationals
use Math::PlanePath::ChanTree; my $path = Math::PlanePath::ChanTree->new (k => 3, reduced => 0); my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
This path enumerates rationals X/Y in a tree as per
Song Heng Chan, "Analogs of the Stern Sequence", Integers 2011, _URL_
The default k=3 visits X,Y with one odd, one even, and perhaps a common factor 3^m.
14 | 728 20 12 13 | 53 11 77 27 12 | 242 14 18 11 | 10 | 80 9 | 17 23 9 15 8 | 26 78 7 | 6 | 8 24 28 5 | 5 3 19 4 | 2 6 10 22 3 | 2 | 0 4 16 52 1 | 1 7 25 79 241 727 Y=0 | +-------------------------------------------------------- X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
There are 2 tree roots (so technically it's a "forest") and each node has 3 children. The points are numbered by rows starting from N=0. This numbering corresponds to powers in a polynomial product generating function.
N=0 to 1 1/2 2/1 / | \ / | \ N=2 to 7 1/4 4/5 5/2 2/5 5/4 4/1 / | \............ / | \ N=8 to 25 1/6 6/9 9/4...... 5/9 9/6 6/1 N=26...
The children of each node are
X/Y ------------/ | \----------- | | | X/(2X+Y) (2X+Y)/(X+2Y) (X+2Y)/Y
Which as X,Y coordinates means vertical, 45-degree diagonal, and horizontal.
X,Y+2X X+(X+Y),Y+(X+Y) | / | / | / | / X,Y------- X+2Y,Y
The slowest growth is on the far left of the tree 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, etc advancing by just 2 at each level. Similarly on the far right 2/1, 4/1, 6/1, etc. This means that to cover such an X or Y requires a power-of-3, N=3^(max(X,Y)/2).
Chan shows that these top nodes and children visit all rationals X/Y with X,Y one odd, one even. But the X,Y are not in least terms, they may have a power-of-3 common factor GCD(X,Y)=3^m for some m.
The GCD is unchanged in the first and third children. The middle child GCD might gain an extra factor 3. This means the power is at most the number of middle legs taken, which is the count of ternary 1-digits of its position across the row.
GCD(X,Y) = 3^m m <= count ternary 1-digits of N+1, excluding high digit
As per "N Start" below, N+1 in ternary has high digit 1 or 2 which indicates the tree root. Ignoring that high digit gives an offset into the row of that tree and the digits are 0,1,2 for left,middle,right.
For example the first GCD is at N=9 with X=6,Y=9 common factor GCD=3. N+1=10="101" ternary, which without the high digit is "01" which has a single "1" so GCD <= 3^1. The mirror image of this point is X=9,Y=6 at N=24 and there N+1=24+1=25="221" ternary which without the high digit is "21" with a single 1-digit likewise.
For various points the power m is equal to the count of 1-digits.
k => $integer parameter controls the number of children and top nodes. There are k-1 top nodes and each node has k children. The top nodes are
k odd, k-1 many tops, with h=ceil(k/2) 1/2 2/3 3/4... (h-1)/h h/(h-1)... 4/3 3/2 2/1 k even, k-1 many tops, with h=k/2 1/2 2/3 3/4... (h-1)/h h/h h/(h-1)... 4/3 3/2 2/1
Notice the list for k odd or k even is the same except that for k even there's an extra middle term h/h. The first few tops are as follows. The list in each row is spread to show how successive bigger h adds terms in the middle.
k X/Y top nodes --- --------------------------------- k=2 1/1 k=3 1/2 2/1 k=4 1/2 2/2 2/1 k=5 1/2 2/3 3/2 2/1 k=6 1/2 2/3 3/3 3/2 2/1 k=7 1/2 2/3 3/4 4/3 3/2 2/1 k=8 1/2 2/3 3/4 4/4 4/3 3/2 2/1
As X,Y coordinates these tops are a run up along X=Y-1 and back down along X=Y+1, with a middle X=Y point if k even. For example,
7 | 5 k=13 top nodes N=0 to N=11 6 | 4 6 total 12 top nodes 5 | 3 7 4 | 2 8 3 | 1 9 2 | 0 10 1 | 11 Y=0 | +------------------------------ X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 k=14 top nodes N=0 to N=12 7 | 5 6 total 13 top nodes 6 | 4 7 5 | 3 8 N=6 is the 7/7 middle term 4 | 2 9 3 | 1 10 2 | 0 11 1 | 12 Y=0 | +------------------------------ X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Each node has k children. The formulas for the children can be seen from sample cases k=5 and k=6. A node X/Y descends to
k=5 k=6 1X+0Y / 2X+1Y 1X+0Y / 2X+1Y 2X+1Y / 3X+2Y 2X+1Y / 3X+2Y 3X+2Y / 2X+3Y 3X+2Y / 3X+3Y 2X+3Y / 1X+2Y 3X+3Y / 2X+3Y 1X+2Y / 0X+1Y 2X+3Y / 1X+2Y 1X+2Y / 0X+1Y
The coefficients of X and Y run up to h=ceil(k/2) starting from either 0, 1 or 2 and ending 2, 1 or 0. When k is even there's two h coeffs in the middle. When k is odd there's just one. The resulting tree for example with k=4 is
k=4 1/2 2/2 2/1 / \ / \ / \ 1/4 4/6 6/5 5/2 2/6 6/8 8/6 6/2 2/5 5/6 6/4 4/1
Chan shows that this combination of top nodes and children visits
if k odd: rationals X/Y with X,Y one odd, one even possible GCD(X,Y)=k^m for some integer m if k even: all rationals X/Y possible GCD(X,Y) a divisor of (k/2)^m
When k odd GCD(X,Y) is a power of k, so for example as described above k=3 gives GCD=3^m. When k even GCD(X,Y) is a divisor of (k/2)^m but not necessarily a full such power. For example with k=12 the first such non-power GCD is at N=17 where X=16,Y=18 has GCD(16,18)=2 which is only a divisor of k/2=6,


Registration Info
General Information on European Masters Programme in Advanced Textile Engineering
 1. Registering at one of the participating universities
 Students eligible for this Masters programme have to fulfil the entry requirements of the universities participating in the European Masters Programme in Advanced Textile Engineering.
 Students have to pay the registration fee at the university where they register.
 2. Students having a higher education degree (BSc, BEng, etc.) in textiles or related areas (mechanics, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, general process engineering, materials engineering, etc.) can subscribe.
 Decision of acceptance will be discussed by the E-TEAM members but is primarily depending on the participating university (universities) in the country where the student was last studying in a course relevant to the requirements of E-TEAM. It is at that (these) participating university (universities) that the student has to enroll.
 Non-EU students should enroll at one of the participating universities.
 3. Requirements for progression through the programme
 Attending all courses and participating in all exams is compulsory.
 4. Topics for thesis
 Topics for the thesis will be chosen by the students during the 3rd semester. The location of the project will be at the university of the supervisor for the topic chosen by the students.
 Topics will be based on proposals of the lecturers involved in the programme.
 5. Evaluation of thesis
 There will be three professors for the evaluation of the thesis, the supervisor and two other qualified lecturers from different universities participating in the course.
 6. Graduating
 Students having passed the 3rd semester and the thesis will receive a degree or diploma of the university where they have registered in accordance with local legislation.
 Students also receive an E-TEAM certificate issued by AUTEX (Association of Universities for Textiles). This certificate is signed by the heads of the textile departments/institutes of the host universities and by the programme coordinator.


text:
Step 1 - Wrap teflon strip (PTFE) around thread
Hexagon Hotends tend to be leaky, when they are hot, if you don't take some precautions. So filament will drop outside from top of the thermal block. This happens due to different extension coefficients of the thermal block and the stainless steel thread.
Step 2 - Fit thermal block and filament tube together
Screw the filament tube into the thermal block.
Step 3 - Carefully tighten the connection
Tighten the connection between the filament tube and the thermal block. Be carefully not to overstress the thread!
Step 4 - Assemble heating cardridge
Assemble the heating cardridge into the designated hole of the thermal block and secure with set screw. It's a good idea to add some heat-conductive paste to the cartridge befor inserting into the hole. This will improve thermal flow.
Step 5 - Prepare NTC assembly
Add some heat-conductive paste into the hole for the NTC. This will insure a good thermal coupling between the thermal block and the NTC. You might alternativly glue the NTC into the hole, but you must use glue, which is able to withstand around 300°C (572°F).
Step 6 - Assemble NTC
Insert the NTC glas body into the designated hole.
Step 7 - Retighten connection on heated hotend
Connect the hotend to your printer controller and heat up the hotend to around 260°C (500°F). Then tighten the connection between the filament tube and the thermal block again with care.
Over then shown on the picture you should do this without the silicone rubber protection. The rubber protection is very sensitive and will get cracks when you hold it with a gripper.
Step 8 - Assemble the silicone rubber:
Pull the silicone rubber over the thermal block.
Step 9 - Secure electrical wires
To avoid unintendtional dissconnects of the wires, especially of the NTC, secure the wiring with a wire or something equal.
If NTC looses contact the thermal block, the printer controller will heat up the temperatur until the thermal block will meld!
This will cause extreamly high danger of open fire!
Step 10 - Assemble the hotend with the holding plate
Fit the hotend into the holding plate of the colt end of the extruder.
Step 11 - Align coldend with hotend
Align the filament conductions between cold and hot end by adding a piece of filament through both. Then connect the holting plate to the filament gear.
Step 12 - Fit extruder to the printer
The last step will be to fit the assembled extruder to your printer and connect all wires.


Our Sun, Our Earth and Our Hanuman! The mystery?
Namaskar! This is Muthu Kumaar Narayanan from just_ambi_things making my very first blog for Daddyoda. just_ambi_things is my artist account in Instagram and Twitter in which I write poems and puns (Thamizh and English) and also have a plan to do something with my mic in future 😉
As a reader, I've encountered a variety of books and blogs. My favorite categories have always been personal finance & investment, yoga & spirituality, Sanatan Dharma (Hinduism) & the science behind it, etc. It's my pleasure to decode Sanskrit shlokas and find meaning for them. Our ancestors were too brilliant and no words could serve their intelligence.
Today, I am writing about the distance between the Earth and the Sun. What's interesting about it? We can Google it right? Wait dude! You are having modern technologies today to find it. But, is it not interesting if I say that our ancestors predicted it way back? Stay tuned!
One such amusing discovery is attributed to Hanuman Chalisa in which the distance between the Earth and the Sun was mentioned. Basically, Hanuman Chalisa consists of 40 verses praising Lord Hanuman written by Goswami Tulsidas, a Saint and a Poet. Thus the name "Chalisa" as Chalis means 40 in Hindi. It was written during the 15th century AD, if I am not wrong.
Here's the 18th verse of Hanuman Chalisa:
Yuga Sahasra Yojana Para Bhaanuu |
Liilyo Taahi Madhura Phala Jaanuu ||
It means "You flew towards the sun who is thousands of years of Yojanas away, thinking of him as a sweet fruit".
Look at the first line carefully. Let's get the meaning for it.
Yuga means year;
Sahasra is thousand;
Yojana is distance of about 8 miles approximately;
Para refers to the word "away"; The Sun is referred to as Bhaanuu.
If you want to learn the meaning of the second line, here are the keywords:
All the measurements are in the first line. As I've mentioned earlier, yuga means a year. But it is not to be construed as one year. In Hinduism, we have read about years for humans and Gods. Say, one year for God amounts to "x" number of years for humans. It's a big topic, so I'm keeping it away as of now. One yuga amounts to 12000 years here. Sahasra refers to 1000 or 1000 times. As said, yojana is a distance of 8 miles approximately.
Here's the computation:
When you multiply all these 3 numbers, that is 12000*1000*8, you get 96 million miles. When you convert that to Kilometers, you get 153.6 Million KMs (1 mile = 1.6 KM approx).
The Google result shows 152 million KMs approx! Isn't that amazing? It is a too-close call even without any modern technologies!
But wait! Though it's understood as a minor error, there may be 3 reasons attached to it as follows:
1. Conversion difference between miles and KMs.
2. There's no standard or fixed measure for Yojana. Though it's understood as 8 miles, it's also referred to distance of 8 to 15 kilometers. There are also references citing different metrics. Once again, there are some conversion issues.
3. This is purely out of my thoughts and I don't have any idea about it. But it can also be the reason. I think there will be some planetary movements as far as the arrangement factors are concerned. So, there can be a little displacement of the Earth and Sun today in comparison to the period during which Hanuman Chalisa or the original reference (if so) was written.
Well, I guess you are happy with what I've written. Hope I've kindled a sense of inquisitiveness in your minds about the ancient science of Bharat. This is Muthu Kumaar Narayanan signing off! Happy reading!
Pics: Karan Acharya (_URL_
About the Guest:
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References: wikipedia.org and aumamen.com
Disclaimer: I am no expert in Sanskrit. This post is made out of my research and curiosity. Please do your own research.


Strain identifier
BacDive ID: 19
Type strain: Yes
Species: Acetobacter oeni
Strain Designation: B13
Variant: Isotype of BacDive ID 132838
Culture col. no.: DSM 23926, CECT 5830, LMG 21952
Strain history: <- CECT <- E. Velázquez <- L. R. Silva, Depart. Microbiol. y Gen., Univ. Salamanca, Spain
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Acetobacter oeni B13 is an obligate aerobe, mesophilic, gram-negative bacterium that forms circular colonies and was isolated from spoiled red wine.
 1. colony-forming
 2. gram-negative
 3. motile
 4. rod-shaped
 5. mesophilic
 6. obligate aerobe
 7. 16S sequence
 8. Bacteria
 9. genome sequence
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text:
Why is standardisation important?
- A lack of standardisation impedes the development of the market. Using multiple standards means devices cannot communicate. Standardisation is important for the industry to be truly efficient and integrated.
- However it is important that the standard is allowed to develop over time. Technology in this sector is moving on and any standard needs to be flexible enough to move with technological changes.
- This community is dedicated to promoting a progressive standard. As technology develops, the WAVE2M standard will be allowed to develop and improve.


_USER_ {Tinbergen4358, author = {Tinbergen, Jan and Wilts, Bodo D. and Stavenga, Doekele G.}, title = {Spectral tuning of Amazon parrot feather coloration by psittacofulvin pigments and spongy structures}, volume = {216}, number = {23}, pages = {4358--4364}, year = {2013}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.091561}, publisher = {The Company of Biologists Ltd}, abstract = {The feathers of Amazon parrots are brightly coloured. They contain a unique class of pigments, the psittacofulvins, deposited in both barbs and barbules, causing yellow or red coloured feathers. In specific feather areas, spongy nanostructured barb cells exist, reflecting either in the blue or blue-green wavelength range. The blue-green spongy structures are partly enveloped by a blue-absorbing, yellow-colouring pigment acting as a spectral filter, thus yielding a green coloured barb. Applying reflection and transmission spectroscopy, we characterized the Amazons{\textquoteright} pigments and spongy structures, and investigated how they contribute to the feather coloration. The reflectance spectra of Amazon feathers are presumably tuned to the sensitivity spectra of the visual photoreceptors.}, issn = {0022-0949}, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology} }


text:
- Archaic form of amalgam.
- They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent republics.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
- third-person singular present indicative of amalgamare
- second-person singular imperative of amalgamare
- IPA: /a̠ma̠lˈga̠ma̠/
amalgama f (plural amalgamas)
- amalgam (all senses)
amalgama (infinitive amalgamar)
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of amalgamar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of amalgamar.
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of amalgamar.


air barriers in chases must be contained by sheathing to prevent them from heating up and falling against the chimney.
A number of things affect how strong cold backdrafting can be, and how big a problem it is, such as:
 - How cold is your climate? The colder the climate [or weather], the stronger the backdraft. Houses in Canada and northern tier US states suffer powerful backdrafts. People in southern states don't [but, of course, they have other problems]
 - How tall is your house and chimney? Taller houses and chimneys backdraft more aggressively. This is why basement stove backdrafts seem stronger than main floor stove backdrafts
 - Where are the leaks in your house? The higher the leaks, the stronger the backdraft. If you have a leaky attic hatch, lots of high level recessed light fixtures, forced air heating ductwork in the attic, or you like to sleep with the second floor bedroom window open, you'll have stronger backdrafts.
The really bad thing about outside chimneys is that the remedial measures are either ineffective or unappealing or expensive or all three, which is why we tend to be strident about not installing chimneys outside in the first place.
Consider the following comments in the context of the three points made above.
Insulating the chase might help some, but a large component of heat loss from typical chases is from leakage, so sealing it [including top and bottom] is at least as important as insulation. The only way to really fix an outside chimney is to trick it into thinking it is inside. That would mean a chase that is the same temperature inside as the house is so the chimney stays warm enough to compete with house stack effect. With a really well sealed and insulated chase, you could vent it into the house, with a couple of passive vents at top and bottom of each storey, so that a convection current would keep the inside of the chase nearly as warm as the house. That strategy is the only one sure to work, and then only if it is done well
On the other hand, if your climate is reasonably mild and your house is reasonably short and if its leaks are relatively low and you keep fires burning most of the winter and you burn the wood bright, hot and clean, you might never have a problem with cold backdrafting.
When it's windy, we have a smoky house
We installed a new woodstove with an existing chimney when we moved into our house three years ago. Last spring and this winter, we have been having problems with smoke coming into the house through the stovepipe joint where it enters the ceiling. When it first happened last spring, we thought it was possibly because of a pressure inversion. This winter, however, we seem to have a smoky house any time there is a wind. Our chimney is straight, inside in a one story addition to a one and one half story house. We clean the chimney frequently (approximately 5 or 6 times/winter). Do you have any diagnosis for the problem, where we can get help, and how we can fix it? We didn't have this problem the first winter we were here.
Thanks, Ed
Hi Ed,
Problems of this kind are so complex that I could spend a long time writing to you about possible contributing factors. I can't do that. But here are a few ideas.
1. A chimney installed in a single storey section of a two storey house has to compete as a stack with the house, especially when no fire burns or when chimney temperatures are low like when the fire smolders. This may not be the main cause, but it weakens the chimneys ability to flow air and gas up under all conditions.
2. You need to pay attention to which wind direction leads to the problem. If spillage happens when wind blows from the single storey side, you need to look for leaks on the downwind side of the house on the two storey side, especially high level leaks like open second floor bedroom windows or a leaky attic hatch. This situation can depressurize the house and suck flue gases down the chimney into the room.
3. Smoldering fires are a key cause of this type of failure. Make sure that you burn small, hot fires and don't let the fire smolder. The wood should be flaming until it is reduced to charcoal.
4. If there is no cap on the chimney, get one; open chimneys are extremely vulnerable to adverse winds. Raising the chimney might help to get the top of it up out of a zone of positive pressure caused by a wind effect.
Ideally you could contract with someone who can come to your house and diagnose this, but such people are hard to find. Check first with local chimney sweeps or long-time stove and fireplace retailers.
Stainless steel liner in a masonry fireplace chimney
What options are available for fireplace flue repair? We are working on a project where there are two existing fireplaces, roughly 75-80 years old. The owner would like the fireplaces restored. Can stainless steel liners be used on wood burning fireplaces? Jim
Hi Jim
Yes they can, but it is not an elegant solution because the connection above the throat and damper are difficult to do and rarely done well. Since we at woodheat.org think wood should not be wasted just to watch it burn, but should provide an energy benefit by delivering heat to the room, we would recommend the installation of a fireplace insert with a full stainless liner to the top of the chimney. In this case the liner is sized to the insert, not to the fireplace, and the connections can be secure and permanent. An additional benefit of an insert is that it would improve resistance to smoke spillage into the room and reduce outdoor air pollution from the fireplace. This is the only environmentally responsible solution, in our opinion.
If your client insists on retaining the conventional fireplace for historical or nostalgic reasons, a far better solution than stainless steel is a solid-set poured-in-place lining system. This insulating cementatious material greatly improves the structural integrity of the chimney and improves performance by insulating it.
You need to find a supplier of SolidFlue, Arens, Golden Flue, Supaflue and there may be a couple of others that I can't think of at the moment. Chimneys sweeps can usually tell you if there is a local supplier.
A fireplace cannot share a chimney
I bought an old house in Philadelphia. The heating system is gas, hot air. There are two chimneys. One vents the heating system and air conditioning; that one is in the living room. The other vents the hot water heater. I would like to add a fireplace in the living room. I would prefer wood. It would need to be very small, as the living room is 14 X 16.
Is there some way to utilize the chimney that vents the heating system? If not, how expensive would it be to install a new chimney for a wood burning fireplace (ball park figure is OK). The house is two stories and very small.
Am I better off with a direct vent gas fireplace? Any advice would be greatly appreciated!!! Susan
Susan wrote,
"Is there some way to utilize the chimney that vents the heating system?"
No, you can't use a chimney for both a fireplace and heating system.
There are many factory-built fireplaces on the market of all shapes and sizes. They don't need a foundation, can be put almost anywhere and routing a chimney up through the house is done all the time without problems. You need to visit a few fireplace retailers, see what they have and what they have to say.
"Am I better off with a direct vent gas fireplace?"
We are not the right people to ask about gas fireplaces. Since most everyone else will advise you to go gas, including most fireplace retailers, I will suggest that if you want a real fire, the only option is wood.


Home » Opinion » Kevin and Marilyn Ryan » Why do they hate us so?
Why do they hate us so?
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Granted, committed Catholics are uncomfortable with much of the drift in contemporary American culture. We're uncomfortable with the rampant consumerism of American society. We're nervous with the current climate in scientific research, the if-it's-doable-let's-do-it mentality that is fueling the stem-cell research derby and the push to create new life forms. We're worried, too, about the effects of the country's highly sexualized media culture on our kids. But so, too, are our Protestant and Jewish neighbors.
But why is anti-Catholicism so evident in America today? What explains the government's recent slap in the face to our Church, telling leaders of Catholic hospitals, colleges and foundations that they must provide contraceptive services to all employees as part of their health plans? Are the politicians who made this ruling convinced that Catholics are held in so little regard that there will be little blow-back from us and possibly quiet satisfaction among non-Catholics?
America is an open society that celebrates diversity and multiculturalism. We have made a veritable state religion of tolerance. Why is it, then, that so many non-Catholics have so little tolerance for us? What is it about Catholics that gets under their skin so?
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text:
In the Republic of Estonia, the Ministry of Defence and the Minister of Defence as its head are responsible for organising national defence.
In general, the functions of the Ministry include making proposals for planning national defence politics, implementing the planned activities, and the organisation of national defence, which comprises the following:
- to determine the overall guidelines for national defence
- to organise international co-operation in the sphere of national defence
- to arrange the preparation and implementation of mobilisation
- to implement the subsequent record management and training of reservists
- to arrange and finance the activities of the Defence Forces and the Defence League
- to develop the defence industry
- to supervise the activities of the Defence Forces and the Defence League
- to draft subsequent legislation
Structure-wise, the Ministry of Defence is divided into areas of responsibility of three Deputy Undersecretaries.
Figuratively speaking, it can be said that the departments, subordinate to the Deputy Undersecretary for Defence Policy, are developing the vision of the future of Estonian national defence; the area of responsibility of the Deputy Undersecretary for Defence Planning will 'translate' the vision into the language of capabilities and budget. The departments that are subordinate to the Deputy Undersecretary for Legal and Administrative Affairs will support all the processes, which take place within the Ministry. The Ministry shall co-ordinate its activities with the Defence Forces and other divisions and the sub-office concerned at the decision-making stage.
The Ministry's area of responsibility includes:
- the Defence Forces
- the Centre for Defence Investments
- the Defence Resources Agency, which organises recruitment and conscription issues
- the Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service
- the educational institutions of the Defence Forces; the Estonian War Museum - General Laidoner Museum, which showcases military history
- Seli Health Centre, which provides rehabilitation services to military personnel.
The authority of the Minister includes supervision over all the divisions and offices for the purposes of lawfulness and expedience.