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Kokedamas (Small $20, Medium $25, Large $35)
Kokedamas are made in Melbourne by Ana Soares. A kokedama is a ball of soil, covered with moss on which an ornamental plant grows. Our Plants came from our local Nursery _USER_:
Our Kokedamas have :
1. Ornamental Plant
2. Bonsail Soil
3. Peat Moss
4. Sphagnum Moss
5. Indoors Plant food by _USER_
6.Neem Oil in the foliage.
Watering Procedure: Soaking. Depending on the size of your kokedama, fill a bowl, bucket or sink with room temperature water. Place your kokedama in the water, plant side up. Push the moss ball down so that it is fully submerged and begins to absorb water. Allow to soak for 10-25 minutes, or until fully saturated with water. Remove the kokedama from the water, and gently squeeze the moss ball to allow excess water to drain. Allow the kokedama to drip dry in a colander before replacing it to its given home.FeedingDuring spring and summer, fertilize your kokedama monthly with a liquid indoor plant fertilizer at 1/2 the recommended concentration. Simply mix the fertilizer into the water and soak as usual. Leaf BrowningKokedamas are susceptible to overand under-watering just like any other potted plant. Leave browning and crisping around edges tends to indicate under-watering. A brown "mushiness" of the leaves or stems, black stems at the base, and leaf-yellowing tends to indicate over-watering. Remember; all plants require less water during dormancy (in fall in winter,) and more during periods of active growth (in spring and summer).


text: The overarching aim of this study was to examine and explore the barriers to resettlement for foreign national women living in the community in the UK, and to shed light on the complex ways in which non-citizen immigration status shapes the lived reality of resettlement for this group. In recent years, there has been an increased focus by the UK government on the deportation of 'foreign national criminals' on completion of their sentence, an emphasis that has geared foreign national women's pathways through the CJS strongly towards the possibility of deportation, over rehabilitation and resettlement. Yet, many foreign national women are released into the community post sentence – indeed, 260 women in 2017 (Ministry of Justice 2019), in addition to women serving community sentences. By interviewing women in open, semi-structured conversations, my aim was to identify and gain much needed insight into the challenges they face, giving space for women to voice the struggles – often painfully sustained and unyielding – that shape their daily lives in the community and render rehabilitative goals impossible. By interviewing practitioners, I aimed to identify the barriers they come up against in providing support and to ask how these could be addressed. Ultimately, the research makes recommendations for urgently needed improvements to current provision for this group.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Some of the most consequential COVID-19-related decisions for public education were those that modified how much in-person learning students received during the 2020-2021 school year. As part of an IES-funded research project in collaboration with the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) on COVID's impact on public education in Virginia, researchers at the University of Virginia (UVA) collected data to determine how much in-person learning students in each grade in each division (what Virginia calls its school districts) were offered over the year. In this guest blog, Erica Sachs, an IES predoctoral fellow at UVA, shares brief insights into this work.
COVID-19 has caused uncertainty and disruptions in public education for nearly three years. The purpose of the IES-funded study is to describe how Virginia's response to COVID-19 may have influenced access to instructional opportunities and equity in student outcomes over multiple time periods. This project is a key source of information for the VDOE and Virginia schools' recovery efforts. An important first step of this work was to uncover how the decisions divisions made impacted student experiences during the 2020-21 school year. This blog focuses on the processes that were undertaken to identify how much in-person learning students could access.
During 2020-21, students were offered school in three learning modalities: fully remote (no in-person learning), fully in-person (only in-person learning), and hybrid (all students could access some in-person learning). Hybrid learning often occurred when schools split a grade into groups and assigned attendance days to each group. For the purposes of the project, we used the term "attendance rotations" to identify whether and which student group(s) could access in-person school on each day of the week. Each attendance rotation is associated with a learning modality.
Most divisions posted information about learning modality and attendance rotations on their official websites, social media, or board meeting documents. In June and July of 2021, our team painstakingly scoured these sites and collected detailed data on the learning modality and attendance rotations of every grade in every division on every day of the school year. We used these data to create a division-by-grade-by-day dataset.
A More Precise Measure of In-Person Learning
An initial examination of the dataset revealed that the commonly used approach of characterizing student experiences by time in each modality masked potentially important variations in the amount of in-person learning accessible in the hybrid modality. For instance, a division could offer one or four days of in-person learning per week, and both would be considered hybrid. To supplement the modality approach, we created a more precise measure of in-person learning using the existing data on attendance rotations. The new variable counts all in-person learning opportunities across the hybrid and fully in-person modalities, and, therefore, captures the variation obscured in the modality-only approach. To illustrate, when looking only at the time in each modality, just 6.7% of the average student's school year was in the fully in-person modality. However, using the attendance rotations data revealed that the average student had access to in-person learning for one-third of their school year.
One of the biggest lessons I learned working on this project was that we drastically underestimated the scope of the data collection and data management undertaking. I hope that sharing some of the lessons I learned will help others doing similar work.
- Clearly define terminology and keep records of all decisions with examples in a shared file. It will help prevent confusion and resolve disagreements within the team or with partners. Research on COVID-19 in education was relatively new when we started this work. We encountered two terminology-related issues. First, sources used the same term for different concepts, and second, sources used different terms for the same concept. For instance, the VDOE's definition of the "in-person modality" required four or more days of access to in-person learning weekly, but our team classified four days of access as hybrid because we define "fully in-person modality" as five days of access to in-person learning weekly. Without agreed-upon definitions, people could categorize the same school week under different modalities. Repeated confusion in discussions necessitated a long meeting to hash out definitions, examples, and non-examples of each term and compile them in an organized file.
- Retroactively collecting data from documents can be difficult if divisions have removed information from their web pages. We found several sources especially helpful in our data collection, including the Wayback Machine, a digital archive of the internet, to access archived division web pages, school board records, including the agenda, meeting minutes, or presentation materials, and announcements or letters to families via divisions' Facebook or Twitter accounts.
- To precisely estimate in-person learning across the year, collect data at the division-by-grade-by-day level. Divisions sometimes changed attendance rotations midweek, and the timing of these changes often differed across grades. Consequently, we found that collecting data at the day level was critical to capture all rotation changes and accurately estimate the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
The research brief summarizing our findings can be downloaded from the EdPolicyWorks website. Our team is currently using the in-person learning data as a key measure of division operations during the reopening year to explore how division operations may have varied depending on division characteristics, such as access to high-speed broadband. Additionally, we will leverage the in-person learning metric to examine COVID's impact on student and teacher outcomes and assess whether trends differed by the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
Erica N. Sachs is an MPP/PhD Student, IES Pre-doctoral Fellow, & Graduate Research Assistant at UVA's EdPolicyWorks.
This blog was produced by Helyn Kim (_EMAIL_), Program Officer, NCER.


Home Site Map 4 Steps Clouded mind Yoga meditation Lifestyle
Seven Skills to Cultivate
for Yoga Meditation
by Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
You learn a technique so that
you can gain an underlying skill.
Contents of this web page:
Techniques versus skills
Seven skills to cultivate are how to
1. Relax the body
2. Sit in a comfortable, straight, steady posture
3. Make your breathing process serene
4. Witness objects traveling in the train of mind
5. Inspect the quality of thoughts
6. Promote the thoughts that are helpful
7. Not allow yourself to be disturbed in any situation
Letting the skills work together
Techniques versus skills:
There are many Yoga techniques that can be learned. In pursuing those techniques, one can be left with a bewildering sense of uncertainty about "why" all of the methods are being learned, aside from a general idea that the methods are for "Self-Realization" or "Enlightenment".
Difference between techniques and skills: To put it simply, there is a vast difference between a skill and the methods or techniques that were used to attain that skillThink of the way an infant does many actions in those early months and years. The child may be playing with this or that toy, or exploring the new environment of this new world. Yet, all of the play and exploring leads to development of a few underlying skills, such as the motor skills of being able to hold an object in the hand, or to move the legs so as to go from here to there.
Techniques are tools to gain skills: In Yoga science, all of the techniques are used to develop certain skills by which one can meditate at a depth that will reveal the Center of Consciousness, the Self within. It is not so much a matter of the techniques themselves being important, but rather the techniques are tools to cultivate the underlying skill.
What we want is the skill
not merely the techniques.
Learn the skill, not just techniques: Below are seven skills to cultivate for Meditation. It is the skill we want to learn, not merely techniques (though, again, the techniques are quite useful). For example, we want to gain the ability to directly relax the body, smoothen the breath, and quiet the mind in a moment, with no technique needed to do it.
Apply that skill in the moment: Having the methods, but without the skill mastery is not the goal. We want to have the direct ability to apply the skill in a moment. However, to gain mastery in the skill, we may need to learn the techniques and gradually advance to the point of directly applying our learned skill.
Many techniques, but only a few skills: By remembering that the goal is to attain those few skills, the underlying simplicity of Yoga is seen amidst the seeming complexity of all the techniques.
1. How to relax the body:
Relaxing: This may include relaxation exercises in the corpse posture, such as tense and release, complete relaxation, 61-points, or yoga nidra (yogic sleep). It may involve a range of Hatha Yoga postures learned over some time.
See also the methods:
Relaxation before Meditation
We want the skill of being able to
directly, immediately relax the body.
Repetition is the key: By repeating the relaxation exercises over and over, the nature of relaxation itself is gradually known, experientially. You may practice the exercises in a class, with a recorded voice, or on your own, systematically going through the various points of inner attention.
The root skill is how to relax: However, the root skill to be learned is how to relax the body, directly, immediately, at your own will and desire, whenever you want. Gradually, it becomes easier and easier to do this, with or without specific methods. Because of the practice of the methods, one develops a heightened level of awareness and an increasing ability to simply "relax the body" with no technique whatsoever.
Apply that skill whenever you choose: However, the skill to relax at choice, may have come from repeated practice of specific methods of relaxation.
2. How to sit in a comfortable, steady, straight posture:
Sitting posture: Several different meditation postures are offered in Yoga, including the Accomplished pose (Siddhasana), the Auspicious pose (Swastikasana), the Easy pose (Sukhasana), and the Friendship pose (Maitriasana). One may spend years developing and refining their meditation sitting posture. There may be many adjustments of cushions, spine, legs, feet, arms. The flexibility of the body, and elimination of soreness or pain is enhanced by Hatha Yoga postures.
See also Yoga Sutras 2.46-2.48 on sitting posture
The goal is the skill of sitting
comfortably, steady, and straight.
The root skill is how to sit: However, the goal of all of these postures, methods, and adjustments is the skill of sitting comfortably, steady, and straight.
Choosing what is right for you: While it is true that the sitting posture may develop over a long period of time, it is also easy to have a comfortable, steady, and straight posture almost immediately. To do so means working with a posture that is right for you, regardless of your stage of development. The easiest to start with is the Friendship pose (Maitriasana) which is sitting straight in a chair (though even this requires some training to do well).
Go directly to a comfortable posture: Gradually, a skill itself is developed, whereby the aspirant is able to just sit down and be comfortable and steady, and have the head, neck, and trunk aligned. While one may continue to do the preparatory practices, the skill is to go directly to a proper sitting posture.
3. How to make your breathing process serene:
Breath training: Breath training starts with awareness, and ends with awareness. In the beginning, one learns to observe the quality of breath, whether there are jerks, pauses, fast breathing, or shallow breathing.
See also the methods:
Breathing Practices and Pranayama
The skill is of making your breath
smooth, slow, and serene, with no pauses.
Then the breath is regulated so that the jerks and pauses are eliminated, the breath is slowed, and becomes deep. Many breathing practices may be learned, including diaphragmatic breathing, two-to-one breathing, alternate nostril breathing, and a variety of vigorous breathing practices.
See also Yoga Sutras 2.49-2.53 on breath and pranayama
The root skill is how to breathe: There are many breathing practices, and variations within those practices. They are designed to balance, energize, or calm the breath and underlying energy system. However, they are all directed towards having the skill to make the breath smooth, slow, and serene, in a particular way that allows your balanced energy to bring you deeper into meditation.
The skill of serene breath, in a moment: Eventually one develops the direct skill of making the breathing process serene, in a moment. After all of the techniques, the practice comes back to simple awareness that becomes so subtle that attention goes beyond the gross breath, to the subtle energy, and on to the mind. The ability to attend to breath in this way is a skill, not a method.
4. How to witness objects traveling in the train of mind:
Witness everything: Often students of meditation mistakenly trying to eliminate thought patterns from the mind, rather than learning to be a neutral witness of the objects of the mind field. This mistake usually comes from misunderstanding the process of quieting the mind.
See also the article:
The root skill is how to witness and let go: To quiet the mind does not mean suppression or repression of thoughts and emotions. Rather, it has to do with the skill of letting go, of allowing the thought patterns to flow without interruption, remaining focused not on the objects in the flow of the river of mind, but on the stream itself.
Letting go of the stream of thoughts
in the mind is a skill unto itself.
Develop one, single new habit: This is like a process of developing a new habit. The new habit is the habit of letting go of thought patterns when they arise. By developing one, single new skill that becomes a habit, that of simply letting the thought pass by when it arises, we become a witness to the whole stream of mental process. We can train ourselves in this new habit, though it takes effort.
It is normally the habit of the mind to attach itself to the thought patterns when they arise. The greater the coloring of the thought pattern, with attachment or aversion, the more quickly and tightly the mind clings to that thought pattern once it awakens. These in turn lead to our actions and speech.
That drive towards action and speech is the stirring of the aspect of mind called Manas, which is wanting to drive the cycle of actions and sensory input (karmendriyas and jnanendriyas) in the external world. In other words, that old habit of attaching to rising thought patterns normally stirs us to move from our meditation, or leaves us in a fight with the mind.
See also the articles on:
Manas and the four functions of mind
Indriyas (senses), karmendriyas and jnanendriyas
Two stages to this new habit of witnessing: This skill of habit change, letting go, and witnessing is cultivated in two stages:
 - An individual thought: First, the skill of letting go of individual thoughts, one at a time. We can do this moment by moment


4 Faculty Meeting Agenda Templates
A faculty meeting agenda template is the key to creating a well-planned and helpful agenda for any faculty meeting. Some consider an agenda a road map, a blueprint, or even an unseen guide on the path to harmonious and productive meeting. More than just a list of items on a page, an agenda minimizes wasted time, keeps the purpose of a meeting in sight, and can even prod groups into action.
Planning agendas
Any meeting chair would be unwise to plan an agenda in isolation. When key members of a meeting agree on a meeting agenda in advance, they will each work towards the goals stated on that agenda. Reaching alignment with key faculty members in advance also allows the meeting chair a chance to identify potential roadblocks or issues, and then plan to address them. This process can be as formal as asking several members of the committee to form a subcommittee to create the agenda, or it can be as casual as an email soliciting topics or items for discussion. Regardless, encouraging input from other faculty members is sure to lead to more productive meetings.
Faculty meeting agenda template #1
Date and time of meeting
Location of meeting
1. Call to order
2. Corrections or approval of previous meeting minutes
3. Unfinished Business
4. New Business
5. Committee Reports
6. Chair Reports
7. Adjournment
This meeting agenda offers a simple structure, beginning with the location, date and time of the meeting. This is followed by the call to order, which begins the meeting. The second item on the list allows meeting attendees to correct any minutes from the previous meeting. Items three and four are for old and new business, then the agenda moves on to committee reports, chair reports and finally, adjournment. Note that this meeting agenda lacks specific discussion items, time guidelines for each item, and any approval of the agenda or time to add items to the next agenda. This meeting agenda also lacks action verbiage, which can help move a meeting along.
Faculty meeting agenda template #2
Item Desired Outcome Priority Time Responsible Party How
Project Updates Share info high 50 min Jack Discussion
Department Meeting Prep Agree on agenda items high 20 minutes Juanita Feedback on proposal
This meeting agenda takes a different tack, dispensing with many of the formalities of a traditional agenda and assigning priorities for items, pointing to desired outcomes, naming parties responsible for each item, and even naming a method for accomplishing the stated goal. Specific action items can only help achieve meeting goals, but a meeting chair should remain flexible when using such a detailed agenda.
Faculty meeting agenda template #3
Department, Unit, Committee Name
Aims: [Identify the overall aims for the meeting.]
Read Ahead of Time:
Bring to Meeting:
Time Topic Discussion Leader
8:30 AM Determine new parking policy John Johnson
This agenda template combines some of the first and some of the second agenda templates. It includes the traditional elements like date, location and attendees. It also includes a section to review in advance, a place to ask attendees to bring items to the meeting, and a list of discussion items with responsible parties for each item. The key to using this agenda is the inclusion of action words, framing the expectations of attendees. This can be a very effective agenda template when planned correctly.
Faculty meeting agenda template #4
Purpose: Placeholder for specific items
Required Attendees:
Optional Attendees:
Required Materials:
Advance Preparation:
Agenda Items:
Base teams meeting (5 minutes)
Staff-building activity
Small-group discussion of the following questions: (20 minutes)
Large-group sharing of small-group responses: (15 minutes)
Base teams meeting (5 minutes)
Review of next steps and responsibilities
Team Celebration
This last agenda is quite different, relying on base teams, small-group discussion, and large-group sharing of small-group responses to reach consensus and address faculty meeting items. A format like this, while very different from the norm, can encourage participation from even the most reticent of members, ensuring everyone's voice is heard.
Each of these agenda templates is unique, but they all share one goal. The agenda template should serve as a framework for your meeting agenda. That meeting agenda should guide the meeting, moving faculty members to accomplish the tasks set forth. Whether it's considered a guide, a map, or a tool, the agenda ensures every faculty meeting marches towards progress.
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This online toolkit is for courageous, reflective leaders who will guide K-12 and higher education communities. Here you will find advice on how to create learning environments that help teachers, staff and students reach their goals. You will also find articles and resources on the theories and practices that help thoughtful and committed leaders guide learning communities.
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A wedding bouquet is a cherished accessory that holds deep significance for a bride on her special day. The choice of flowers and their symbolism can convey the bride's emotions, personality, and the essence of the wedding celebration. Among the various options, a white tulips wedding bouquet stands out for its timeless elegance and purity. White tulips, with their graceful blooms and symbolic meanings, create a stunning and sophisticated bouquet that exudes romance and charm.
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A bridal bouquet is not just a beautiful accessory but a symbol of love, beauty, and new beginnings. As a central element of a bride's ensemble, the bridal bouquet holds immense significance and adds a touch of grace to the overall wedding ambiance. The choice of flowers, colors, and arrangement style can reflect the bride's personality, complement the wedding theme, and create a lasting impression on guests. In this article, we explore the art of bridal bouquets, their diverse styles, and the emotions they evoke, making them an essential part of a bride's special day.
The white tulip, with its pure and serene beauty, is a timeless symbol of elegance and grace. A bouquet of white tulips exudes a sense of purity and tranquility, captivating hearts and minds with its understated charm. This article celebrates the enchanting allure of the white tulips bouquet, exploring its significance, cultural symbolism, and the emotional resonance it evokes.
Rom Flower, also known as the Gypsy Rose or the Romani Rose, holds a special place in the hearts of many cultures across the globe. With its captivating beauty and rich symbolism, the Rom Flower has become an emblem of hope, resilience, and cultural heritage. This delves into the significance of the Rom Flower, its cultural importance, and the cherished place it holds in the hearts of people around the world.
Rom Flower, also known as the Romance Flower, is a beautiful blossom that carries deep symbolic meaning and is often associated with love, beauty, and romance. With its captivating fragrance, delicate petals, and vibrant colors, the Rom Flower has captured the hearts of many and has become a popular choice for various occasions. In this article, we will explore the significance of the Rom Flower and its enchanting qualities that make it a perfect choice for expressing love and romance.
One of the most cherished and beautiful elements of a wedding is the bridal flower bouquet. The bouquet serves as a symbol of love, beauty, and celebration on this special day. Choosing the perfect bridal flower bouquet requires careful consideration of various factors, including the wedding theme, color palette, personal style, and the overall ambiance of the event. In this article, we will explore the significance of the bridal flower bouquet and provide insights into selecting the best bouquet that will add a touch of elegance and romance to your wedding day.
When it comes to wedding flowers, the white tulip stands as a symbol of purity, grace, and timeless beauty. White tulip wedding bouquets have captivated brides around the world with their classic appeal and versatility. In this article, we will explore the charm and significance of white tulip wedding bouquets, their various styles and arrangements, and why they continue to be a popular choice for couples on their special day.
Bridal flowers hold a special place in wedding ceremonies, symbolizing love, beauty, and new beginnings. From the stunning bridal bouquet to the elegant floral arrangements adorning the venue, flowers play a vital role in enhancing the ambiance and creating memorable experiences. In this article, we will delve into the significance of bridal flowers and explore different ways they can elevate your wedding day.
When it comes to wedding flowers, the white tulip holds a special place in the hearts of many brides-to-be. With its timeless elegance and delicate charm, a white tulip bouquet effortlessly captures the essence of love, purity, and new beginnings. In this article, we will explore the ethereal beauty of a white tulip bouquet and discover why it is an exquisite choice for wedding celebrations.
A bridal flower bouquet is an iconic accessory that adds elegance, charm, and a touch of nature to a bride's ensemble on her special day. Choosing the perfect bridal flower bouquet requires careful consideration of the bride's style, wedding theme, and personal preferences. In this article, we will explore the enchanting world of bridal flower bouquets and highlight some of the best options available to make the bride's wedding day truly memorable.


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Airborne Network Optimization with Dynamic Network Update
AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
Pagination or Media Count:
Modern networks employ congestion and routing management algorithms that can perform routing when network routes become congested. However, these algorithms may not be suitable for modern military Mobile Ad-hoc Networks MANETs, more specifically, airborne networks, where topologies are highly dynamic and strict Quality of Service QoS requirements are required for mission success. These highly dynamic networks require higher level network controllers that can adapt quickly to network changes with limited interruptions and require small amounts of network bandwidth to perform routing. This thesis advocates the use of Kalman filters to predict network congestion in airborne networks. Intelligent agents can make use of Kalman filter predictions to make informed decisions to manage communication in airborne networks. The network controller designed and implement in this thesis will take in the current and predicted queue size values to make intelligent network optimization decisions. These decisions will enhance the overall network throughput by reducing the number of dropped packets when compared with current static network and MANET protocols.
- Radio Communications


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Restatement of the research objective
The research focuses on drawing a comparative analysis between Australian and the international students' drinking habits. Overall, the data shows that overseas and Australian student's consumption of alcohol is quite different. As this research shows, on average both international male and female students consume alcohol at least once a month. On the other hand, the Australian students drink alcohol mainly two days a week. In addition, beer is the conceivably the most common drink among the international students while brand choice is evidently differentiated among the Australian students. The majority of Australian female students consume bottled wine while their colleague males predominantly drink beer irrespective of their alcoholic strengths.
From the data obtained in this study, the first finding is that that alcohol is definitely the highest indulgence drug among both Australian and the international students. Beers and spirits account for the highest proportion of alcohol used by the international students while higher incidences of bottled spirit use and beer drinking is reported among Australian female and male students respectively. Most male international students drink at least twice a week while international female students only drink occasionally. Conversely, a greater proportion of the Australian students drink mainly two days a week. One probable reason for higher incidences of alcohol use among male than female students is the contemporary youth mentality that associates drug use with masculinity. Moreover, the society assigns females the role of caregivers hence they embrace sobriety early enough in their life.
The second finding of this research is that taste of drink highly influences the brand relished by the international students than it is the case with Australian students. While both the male and female the international students exhibit an almost equal liking for beer, the Australian male students are common drinkers of wine while females relish bottled wine. Therefore, it.means that beer has the most favorable taste than all the other drinks that the international students choose from. On the other hand, there is a marked difference between the drinking of alcohol among international and the Australian students. The probability that psychological attunement of the females towards details such as taste and brands is higher than that of the males. Therefore, males would only consider a few factors before settling on a brand of choice as opposed to the females.
While disposable income among the Australian students is the most important determinant of their respective drinking habits, taste is the most significant determinant of the brand choices among the international students. Due to the differential prices of various types of wine, its use among the Australian students is the most segmented with lower income students less predisposed to drinking cask wine than the medium to high income ones. Price only has an overreaching influence on the brand choices of the international female students. The most plausible reason for the influence of pricing in the Australian students' choice of alcohol brand is their limited income. However, overseas students mainly come from affluent backgrounds thus are able tis sustain their alcoholic lifestyles devoid of price limitations.
This research determines that a larger proportion of female international student drinkers consume alcohol at least once a week, at least once a month and less than once a month as compared with their male counterparts whose drinking habit is not dependent on time factors. The international male students drink alcohol at least twice a week is higher than female. These findings indicate the high levels of caution that female international students employ to prevent binge drinking or becoming alcohol addicts. Drinking of beer among the Australian male drinkers is differentiated into cohorts with decipherable differences in brand choices between baby boomers, generation X and generation Y. While age is not a determinant in the international student's brand choices, it is significant among Australian drinkers with baby boomers males drinking more spirits that beer. Among the international male and female students, beer is universally extensively drunk than any other brand irrespective if the drinker's age. The choice to drink only occasionally reflects the resilience of both the international and Australian female students to the effects of group pressure compared to their male counterparts. In addition, the higher rates of drinking among both overseas and Australian male students can be attributed to the fact that males are more susceptible to group influence, especially with respect to drug use than the females are.
Limitations and recommendation of the study
The research does not provide personalized information that influence differential alcohol use among the international male and female students respectively as it does for the Australian. Factors such as societal expectations and resistance to peer pressure among female students would be rather compelling assertions of the research. Therefore, future research should focus on the social factors that influence the differentiated drinking trends between Australian and overseas students.


Extractables and Leachables
Single-use technology has grown in both complexity of design and criticality of application in the past twenty years, offering increased flexibility while significantly reducing the risk of contamination in manufacturing equipment. The implementation of single-use technology into a process requires a well-defined plan that minimizes surprises during the later stages of implementation.
With the integration of single-use systems (SUS)* into downstream processing and thus closer to the final drug product, considerations of extractables and leachables (E&L) have become a critical issue within the industry. Lack of standardization,...


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Jon Kneeling Original Painting Portrait Made With Ink And AcrylicHarry Simmonds
Jon Kneeling Original Painting Portrait by Harry Simmonds
A beautiful painting that really shows artist Harry Simmonds expressing himself and using his preferred methods to create a more abstract art style of painting. It is one of the artists more famous monochrome paintings partly because of the freedom it allows the viewer to interpret the subject and painting themselves.
It is affordable large abstract art that gives little away holding on to a feeling of mystery for the viewer to enjoy, among monochrome abstract paintings it really stands out with the figure of Jon so present and dominant in the image. It is a large monochrome abstract painting that hints of grey around the figure itself. 'Jon Kneeling' has large dimensions which can make it a striking centrepiece as wall art to hang on your wall. The inner feelings of subject Jon are relatively obscured by the brushwork, the hidden facial expressions in this monochrome portrait painting leave the character of Jon a mystery while being recognisable as a male figure kneeling down.
Paintings in this series were executed quickly while working with a model, often a friend of the artist. As a pose is struck, a quick sketch is drawn of it to aid the final selection process.
When a particular pose resonates with artist Harry Simmonds he will ask the model to recreate it for a longer period. Harry Simmonds acknowledges the influence of figurative artist Euan Uglow who liked to create geometrical shapes using his model's bodies and the negative space that surrounded them.
Dimensions: : 84 x 59 cm
Material : Ink and Acrylic on Paper
Frame type : Glazed box frame
Lead Time: 1 - 7 days


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Narrated By: Michael Morpurgo,
Duration: 6 hours and 48 minutes
What to expect
Written by Hugh Cunningham and presented by award-winning children's author Michael Morpurgo, this genuinely ground-breaking history of British childhood teaches us about the key elements that have shaped children's lives. The Invention of Childhood explores how gender, geography and ethnicity has impacted the development of children throughout the ages. Beginning from the year 1000, Cunningham studies the many important events in history for our children, ranging from Britain's earliest child-care guru in the Middle Ages to the first ever Foundling Hospital in the 18th Century. This hugely enjoyable piece of teaching that delves into the idea of how childhood has been constantly reinvented through the centuries, and why the role of children in society continues to obsess us today.
Fascinating and thought-provoking, it will appeal to parents, grandparents and anyone who has ever been a child themselves.
Films, cinema, Television, Radio, European history
Listen to a sample


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Utah environmental legal requirements are generally found in three places:
Statutes are laws passed by the Utah Legislature and, usually, signed by the Governor. Utah statutes usually provide general guidance about control of pollutants and about how DEQ should implement a program. The activities of each division are governed by at least one statute. The work of the Division of Water Quality, for example, is governed by the Utah Water Quality Act, Utah Code Annotated Sec. 19-5-101 through 124. References to sections of Utah statutes will look like one of the following:
- Utah Code Annotated Sec. 19-2-114
- Utah Air Conservation Act Sec. 19-2-114
- Utah Air Conservation Act, Sec. 114
Utah environmental statutes may be found on the Utah State Legislature's Website.
Rules are laws created by agencies, using authority given to them by statutes. Rules are usually more specific than statutes. References to sections of Utah rules will look like one of the following:
- Utah Admin. Code R315-8-6
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Rules, R315-8-6
Utah environmental rules may be found on the Division of Administrative Rules Website.
To make rules, an agency must have authority under its governing statute and must follow the procedures in the Utah Rulemaking Act, found on the Utah State Legislature's Website.
Licenses and Permits
Licenses and permits contain requirements that bind licensees and permittees. These documents may sometimes be found online; any license or permit is also available for review at DEQ. If you'd like to review a license or permit, it is very helpful to call the agency before coming in.


Overview | Related MBeans | Attributes | Operations
These parameters control what should happen to messages when failures occur. They allow the adminstrator to control error destinations, logging and other actions that might be taken when a message can not be delivered or when other failures are detected
 - Deployer
Access Points You can access this MBean from the following MBean attributes:
Related MBeans
This section describes attributes that provide access to other MBeans. For more information about the MBean hierarchy, refer to WebLogic Server MBean Data Model.
 The name of the target error destination for messages that have expired or reached their redelivery limit. If no error destination is configured, then such messages are simply dropped. If a message has expired or reached its redelivery limit, and the Expiration Policy is set to Redirect, then the message is moved to the specified Error Destination.
 For standalone destinations, an error destination must be another standalone destination that is targeted to the same JMS server as the destinations for which the error destination is defined. For uniform distributed destinations (UDDs), the error destination must be a another UDD that shares the same subdeployment (i.e., targets) as the current UDD.
 This attribute is dynamically configurable, but only incoming messages are impacted; stored messages are not impacted.
 Privileges Read/Write
 Relationship type: Reference.
 This section describes the following attributes:
 The policy that defines what information about the message is logged when the Expiration Policy is set to Log. The valid logging policy values are:
 When specifying multiple values, enter them as a comma-separated list. The %header% and %properies% values are not case sensitive. For example, you could use "%header%,%properties%" for all the JMS header fields and user properties. However, the enumeration of individual JMS header fields and user-defined properties are case sensitive. To enumerate only individual JMS header fields you could use "%header, name, address, city, state, zip".
 Note: The JMSMessageID field is always logged and cannot be turned off. Therefore, if the Expiration Logging Policy is not defined (i.e., null) or is defined as an empty string, then the output to the log file contains only the JMSMessageID of the message.
 Deprecated. Replaced by MessageLoggingParamsBean
 Privileges Read/Write
 The message Expiration Policy to use when an expired message is encountered on a destination. The valid expiration policies are:
 None - Same as the Discard policy; expired messages are simply removed from the destination.
 Discard - Removes expired messages from the messaging system. The removal is not logged and the message is not redirected to another location. If no value is defined for a given destination (i.e., None), then expired messages are discarded.
 Log - Removes expired messages from the system and writes an entry to the server log file indicating that the messages have been removed from the system. The actual information that is logged is defined by the Expiration Logging Policy.
 Redirect - Moves expired messages from their current location to the Error Destination defined for the destination. The message retains its body, and all of its properties. The message also retains all of its header fields, but with the following exceptions:
 It is illegal to use the Redirect policy when there is no valid error destination defined for the destination. Similarly, it is illegal to remove the error destination for a destination that is using the Redirect policy.
 The Maximum Message quota is only enforced for sending new messages. It is ignored when moving messages because of the Redirect policy.
 Privileges Read/Write
 Default ValueDiscard
 Legal Values
 - Discard
 - Log
 - Redirect
 The number of redelivery tries a message can have before it is moved to the error destination. This setting overrides any redelivery limit set by the message sender. If the redelivery limit is configured, but no error destination is configured, then persistent and non-persistent messages are simply dropped (deleted) when they reach their redelivery limit.
 The default value (-1) specifies that the destination will not override the message sender's redelivery limit setting.
 Note: The number of times a message has been redelivered is not persisted. This means that after a restart, the number of delivery attempts on each message is reset to zero.
 This attribute is dynamically configurable, but only incoming messages are impacted; previously sent messages continue to use their original redelivery limit.
 Privileges Read/Write
 Default Value-1
 Minimum value-1
 Maximum value2147483647
 This section describes the following operations:
 This is used to find the sub-deployment-name for this destination.
 Operation Name"findSubDeploymentName"
 This is used to find the template bean for this destination
 Operation Name"getTemplateBean"
 Operation Name"isSet"
 ParametersObject [] { propertyName }
 - propertyName is an object of type java.lang.String that specifies:
 property to check
 SignatureString [] { "java.lang.String" }
 Returns boolean
 - java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
 IllegalArgumentException if propertyName is not a recognized property
 Restore the given property to its default value.
 Operation Name"unSet"
 ParametersObject [] { propertyName }
 - propertyName is an object of type java.lang.String that specifies:
 property to restore
 SignatureString [] { "java.lang.String" }
 Returns void
 - java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
 UnsupportedOperationException if called on a runtime implementation.


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|Australian 57th Battalion|
|Part of||15th Brigade|
|Nickname||The Merri Regiment|
|Colours||Black beside Red|
|Engagements||World War I|
|Unit Colour Patch|
The 57th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. It was originally raised as a unit of the First Australian Imperial Force in Egypt on 18 February 1916 for service in World War I through the joining of half of the members of the 5th Battalion with fresh recruits raised in Australia from north-east Victoria. Together with the 58th, 59th and 60th Battalions, the 57th formed part of the 15th Brigade, which was assigned to the 5th Australian Division. The battalion was sent to France, arriving there in June 1916, and experienced its first taste of fighting on the Western Front in July when it was involved in the Battle of Fromelles. After that it spent the next two and a half years in the trenches in France and Belgium, seeing action in many of the major battles fought by the Australians during this time. After the war the battalion was disbanded in 1919, however, it was raised again as part of the Militia in 1921. Headquartered at Preston, it drew its personnel from the 2nd Battalion, 57th Infantry Regiment.
In 1927 territorial titles were introduced and the 57th Battalion adopted the title of "The Merri Regiment". At this time it also adopted the motto of "Strike Hard". Due to the lack of numbers following the Great Depression the battalion was amalgamated with the 60th Battalion in 1930, to become the 57th/60th Battalion (Merri/Heidelberg Regiment). They would remain linked for the next sixteen years, seeing action in World War II in the South-west Pacific in 1943–45. They were finally disbanded on 30 March 1946.
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What is a death spell
What is a death? And why is it so powerful? A death spell is a type of voodoo spell that summons the power of one's will. Death are powerful because they tap into the power of one's will. Death spells can be used for a variety of purposes. It's even possible to be a layman with some skill and still learn some voodoo. Click Here To WhatsApp Now / Contact me for help.
You've probably heard or read about spells that kill things, but have you heard about spells that bring people back from the dead?
When you drink the blood of a freshly killed victim to gain power and positive effects, it is possible to bring people back from the dead. This is also known as "revivify" magic.
In most cases, that's considered to be a type of suicide spell. However, there are different tactics you can use to resurrect the dead. One is to find a grave with a powerful positive energy. Obtaining this particular grave gives you the power to revive the dead.
"Revivify" magic is not the only type of death spell. Some are arguably more powerful.
Take the classifications of "heal wounds" or "speed up recovery time." These are also considered to be death spells.
More Details Of What Is A Death Spell About
What is a death spellSometimes, you can discover herbs that grant you the same effect as "heal wounds."
"Toxic gas" is a type of death spell. There is a voodoo ritual to cast it on enemies. But when it comes to voodoo healing, it can be a very harsh process.
Some people who self-immolate due to a grievance will rise from the dead. It's a very regrettable tragedy, but it's not considered a "death spell."
A "revivify" spell places a peerless curse on the enemy. Any hostile action performed against the enemy afterward will ensure the recipient will go back to life.
These "death spells" usually be used to kill people. If you want to revivify somebody, found someone who loves you and has no current animus toward you.
 How to cast a death spell and what you should know before doing so
Casting a death spell is not something to be taken lightly. It should only be done if you feel truly threatened and there is no other way to protect yourself. If you decide to cast a death spell, be honest about your intentions and take responsibility for your actions.A proper death spell can take three forms:
1. Executing purpose-driven life changes: When the goal is to steer a person or their life in a certain direction, a good reason can be unnecessary to stand in that person's way. I hope to be able to discourage some of the suicidal tendencies I displayed in my younger days. Probably I could have been saved if I could have accepted my negative events as unforeseeable. That way I would have had more control in addressing them and wouldn't have had to live with my unconscious reactions.
Killing something undesirable or naive to change its nature or character
This is one of the most effective death spells and can be used to change certain aspects of your life, such as a personality or your occupation. Secundus of Saturn is a horoscope reading service that can interpret your future regarding these matters. His readings are confidential and they won't negatively affect your career, health, relationships or financial status.
Sending a predetermined message
If you want to send a message regarding your values, growth or destiny then doing so in this way is an excellent way to lay out your intentions. It's a magical and silent way which will not provoke any response from the one you're sending the message to. This is an alternative to more public methods such as public bombings and protests.
To properly interpret a death spell, begin by listening to how you feel and what you're prepared to sacrifice. Begin by consciously discussing with yourself what you want to change in your life and accept that most likely you won't manage to change everything in your life at once.
The first death spell cast by a human (and how to cast it)
The first death spell cast by a human is believed to have been cast by the ancient sorcerer Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah. Ziusudra, who is a divine figure in the Sumerian creation myth, Utnapishtim, the sole survivor of the Great Flood.Most people believe his tragic death was directly tied to his attempt to escape the flood by crossing the mighty River Ofern.
Ways to Survive the Ultimate Test
There are current death spells in both professional and internet valued businesses where you've heard about them but you shouldn't actually be using them and you're wondering why.
Deep Cleaning
One of the most common business tools ever devised is the practice of deep cleaning: A business hires a professional cleaning service to leave the physical premises squeaky clean. And, traditional cleaners tend to charge far more than the folks at Home Depot who are simply doing some DIY on your furniture.
So common that it's a lot easier to force your employees to do it yourself. Then, when the end of the road arrives, everything is just one giant mess.
The example given by Cialdini is to
Create a cleaning manifesto that describes the likely mess created by your employees.
Let employees handle items that require cleaning.
Embed cleaning instructions in your prospect's intangible assets.
Direct employees to place items cleanly in designated locations while they clean.
Given the necessity of the project, you might want to try using a cleaning checklist rather than just crowdsourcing it.
4. The second death spell, its history, how effective it is and what you should know before casting it
The second death spell is a spell that can be cast on a person who has done you wrong in some way. This spell can be cast if you feel angry and resentful. If you have ever felt like you just want to get revenge on someone, then this is the spell for you, but there are things you should know before casting it.
First, a death spell is a very harsh spell. You don't want to waste this spell by randomly targeting someone. If you believe you have been wronged in some way then you should settle before using this spell. You also shouldn't use this spell as an immediate solution.
The other thing you should know about a death spell is that you cannot reverse its effects. If you give someone a second chance and they make the same mistakes that you did then that spell won't have any more effect on them. That might not sound like a big deal, but some people take this rule a little too far. The consequences can be deep and long-lasting. As a result, it is typically not advised to cast a death spell unless the whole world is against you.
Sometimes, someone close to you will betray you. On one occasion, a sibling betrayed the only other family member they had left. If you have a lot of resentment against your siblings, this is a perfect time to use a death spell on them.
Some people are obsessed with money. You cannot make them have more money than you have. On the contrary, you can only make them have less money than you.
How much money you have is an extremely personal and important factor for you.
Most people try to figure how much money they need for the year ahead. However, some people take this to an extreme. They focus on having more money than they know what to do with. These people spend their days on increasing their personal wealth to the absolute limit. This makes no sense at all, and it is a sign of excessive wealth.
5. The third death spell and how to cast it correctly
The third death spell and how to cast it correctly. The death spell is actually an ancient magic technique that will bring you great wealth. This spell is used to attract the person you desire and make them fall in love with you. It is not a spell that will force someone to love you.
1. "Erase" a person's positive attributes.
If you wish to make someone dull and boring, it is easy to erase their positive attributes: imagine them with dark, sunken eyes, their hair greasy and sticking to their head, their jaw hanging slack, their skin pale. Irritating, right?
You do not need to concentrate long to have an impact on the person you wish to offend. Darkness and dirtiness can move quickly in your surroundings if you hold your peace for a few seconds.
2. Mark the target with a negative word.
You can say a positive word instead (Let's say, "happy", but I know you want to erase it as well) and the negative word will always bubble up. This is a deadly spell for its quickness.
3. Starve him emotionally.
The more you hate him (that he is) the harder it is for him to love you with all his heart. The one who plans his love attack carefully has one goal in mind: he won't be able to love you the way he wants to. "Your love is poison." — Gibbon
You will prevent him from blooming with love for you by depriving him of it emotionally. This can be done through an incessant stream of remarks (Words of abuse) or colder words. You can also hurt his self-esteem by stating plainly that he can't have you.
4. Neglect his physical and mental development.
Due to the prevailing thoughts you have about him, you're bound to thwart his physical and mental development. He's expected to have all the qualities you find essential in a husband or a son. But if you don't agree with these…well, why are you wasting your time with him? He's just wasting your time.


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 - Use the Restore discs included with the computer.
 - Reformat the computer's hard drive and reinstall the original software.
Include in your shipment any documentation provided with the computer itself and any software installed on the computer.
You must comply with the terms of any software licenses or other agreements governing any software on the computer. This includes any restrictions on transferring software or retaining copies of any software.
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Here's a surprising advantage to being hungry
In this Oct. 16, 2014 photo, a man plays at a video lottery terminal at Tioga Downs in Nichols, NY.
In this Oct. 16, 2014 photo, a man plays at a video lottery terminal at Tioga Downs in Nichols, NY. (AP Photo/Mike Groll)
You know not to go grocery shopping on an empty stomach. But making complex decisions while your stomach's rumbling? Go for it, Utrecht University researchers say, claiming that hungry people might delay gratification and make better long-term choices, Pacific Standard reports.
A study published in PLOS One conducted three separate experiments in which some of the subjects had eaten breakfast before heading to the lab, while others hadn't dined since the night before.
In the first experiment, based on the Iowa Gambling Task, participants picked cards from four decks, with each card having a certain monetary value; cards in decks A and B had higher individual values than those in decks C and D, but decks A and B also had higher "penalty" cards that forced subjects to give money back.
Interestingly, hungry subjects seemed better able to pick up on the pattern of long-term rewards over short-term gains. In two other experiments (one asked questions like "Would you prefer 27 Euros today, or 50 Euros in 21 days?"), hungry subjects "were better able to resist [hypothetical] choices that brought immediate rewards but were ultimately disadvantageous" than their well-fed counterparts. Researchers admit that more research is needed to see if other emotions come into play during the decision-making process, but they write in the report, "Hunger and appetite... do not necessarily make people more impulsive, but rather make them rely more on gut feeling, which benefits complex decisions with uncertain outcomes. Alternatively, it may be that hot states do increase impulsivity, but that impulsivity is not necessarily bad." (This boy is never hungry or thirsty.)
This article originally appeared on Newser: Why You Should Gamble Before You Chow Down
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The Arts Research Monitor, created by Hill Strategies Research in 2002, provides synopses of qualitative and quantitative research findings in the arts and culture. The Monitor should be useful to artists, arts managers, funders, policy makers, researchers and others with an interest in learning more about the arts and culture. The Arts Research Monitor is funded by the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council.
Based on in-depth interviews with marketing managers from four Australian performing arts organizations, this article proposes four key indicators of the quality of audience experience in the performing arts: knowledge transfer or learning, risk management, authenticity, and collective engagement.
This English report attempts to provide a conceptualization of the quality of arts experiences that is flexible (i.e., relevant to various contexts, art forms, and levels of audience familiarity with the arts) and "meaningful in the context of Arts Council England's role and philosophy". The authors argue that, alongside an emphasis on accountability, a structure for learning could be an important component of an arts council's activities. In addition to quality of experience, a learning evaluation system could include value for money, organizational strength and resilience, as well as artist development.
This English review of "academically-robust research and influential policy papers from the past twenty years" examines two streams of research about the value and impact of cultural experiences: "1) how individuals benefit from attending and participating in cultural programmes and activities; and 2) the creative capacities of arts and cultural organisations to bring forth impactful programmes". The report concludes that "while individual experiences are the building blocks of the value system, the literature agrees that cumulative impacts – the effects of a lifetime of involvement in arts and culture – are the fuel for larger societal outcomes".
This report examines performing arts attendance in Quebec over a ten-year period (2004-2013), including performances of theatre, dance, music, comedy, circus, and magic. In 2013, the most recent year of the study, there were 17,100 performances with an admission fee in Quebec, attracting 6.7 million spectators and generating $229 million in box office revenues. Over the long term, performing arts attendance in Quebec has not grown.
This English literature review was intended as a summary of "the strength of the evidence base between 2010–13 about the economic, social, health and wellbeing, education, lifelong learning and environmental impacts and outcomes of arts and culture in England". Based on the 90 reports examined, the literature review found that the "arts and culture play an important role in promoting social and economic goals through local regeneration, attracting tourists, the development of talent and innovation, improving health and wellbeing, and delivering essential services".


"We have brought together a multidisciplinary consortium of specialist Research and SME partners representing 5 individual countries including partners from Norway, UK, Italy, Spain and Ireland"
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This three year project involves eight participants, of which five are SMEs. The SME participants include three food producers of convenience and RTE products (Matbørsen, Kohinoor and Forno Ramgnolo); one research-providing SME (IRIS), and one research management SME (Halbert Research).
The research partners from Norway, UK, Italy and Spain, have considerable expertise in food microbiology (food pathogenic and spoilage bacteria), food chemistry, food process technology, including preservation technology, information technology and modelling, laboratory analytical methods, cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment.


Before you choose to take "one for the road" literally, you might want to research the open container law in Texas. As much money as the state spends on anti-DWI initiatives and ad campaigns, they don't exactly use as many resources to inform people how the open container law in Texas works.
The result? Many Texans find themselves breaking laws by mistake or because they've fallen prey to common drunk driving myths. And of course, what you don't know could land you with expensive criminal charges and create barriers to obtaining an education, work, and more.
There are more dimensions to open container laws in Texas than you might think. Get the full story on our open container law in Texas and learn the facts every Texan driver should know before they go out this weekend.
Texas open container law history and definition
Changes around open containers, DWI and expungement make it difficult to keep current on every nuance of the laws. The open container law as we know it today was passed in 2001 and was a significant part of our state becoming more strict on drinking and driving.
According to the Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle statute (Texas Penal Code, Title 10), an individual has committed an offense if they "knowingly possess an open container in a passenger area of a motor vehicle that is located on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being operated or is stopped or parked" (§ 49.031(b)).
That's right, you don't even have to be driving to get charged with having an open container in your vehicle. So long as you are on a public highway — "The entire width between and immediately adjacent to the boundary lines of any public road, street, highway, interstate, or other publicly maintained way…" — being found with an open container in your car can spell big trouble.
You can be charged separately for each open container found in your vehicle.
Understanding what counts as an open container in Texas
To understand Texas open container laws, it's important to know what an "open container" actually is. According to the law (§ 49.031(a)(1)) an "open container" means a bottle, can, or other receptacle that contains any amount of alcoholic beverage and that is open, that has been opened, that has a broken seal, or the contents of which are partially removed. For example, a half-consumed bottle of vodka or an open can of beer both count as an open container of alcohol. A fully-sealed bottle of any type of booze, on the other hand, would not.
In order for an open container of alcohol to turn into a crime, it must meet several other conditions. It must be in the "passenger area of the motor vehicle," i.e. where people can sit in the car. In other words, the open container must be visible and reasonably in-reach from the driver's seat (in the cupholder, in the passenger seat, rolling around in the back seat, etc.). An open container is not technically in the "passenger area" if it is:
 1. In the glove compartment or another locked storage area within the vehicle
 2. In the trunk of your vehicle
 3. In the area behind your upright seat (if your vehicle doesn't have a trunk)
As you may have noted, you do not actually have to be drinking from an open container to be charged with an open container violation. Just having an open alcohol container in your vehicle is enough for you to receive a charge.
Can passengers drink alcohol in a car in Texas?
The laws and consequences of the open container law in Texas for passengers are the same as those for drivers? If your friend is giving you a hard time about bringing a roadie along as a rider, he isn't doing it just to be mean. That open container is technically in the "passenger area" mentioned above. Both passenger(s) and the driver of the vehicle can be charged with possession of an open container, even if they are 100% sober.
Exceptions to the open container law in Texas
The Texas open container law does make some exceptions for a few reasonable situations. For example, if you are a passenger in a taxi, bus, train, or limo, you may be able to claim an exception against Texas open container law.
Also, if you have a recreational vehicle (RV), self-contained trailer or motorhome, you may meet the other Texas open container law exception. Open containers in the living quarters of these vehicles are generally not considered a violation of the law. Do keep in mind that every situation is different and could change drastically if you are committing other crimes in the process.
Thiessen Law Firm's Mark Thiessen explains how the open container law in Texas applies to cars-for-hire (Uber, Lyft, etc.) in this quick video:
Open container law in Texas: Fines, jail time, and other consequences.
You should also know that if you're actually caught in the act of drinking and driving, the open container charge may be the least of your worries. Being caught drinking while driving can lead to other, more serious charges, possibly including DWI.
How bad is an open container ticket?
In the state of Texas, possession of an open container is a Class C Misdemeanor—in other words, it's a traffic ticket. As long as your blood alcohol concentration is below.08 and you aren't committing any other crimes in the process, you/your buddies will be issued a ticket and a fine.
But remember: While a Class C Misdemeanor may not seem so bad, misdemeanors hold costs beyond fines. A misdemeanor from the Texas open container law could affect college admissions and financial aid for students, employment, your ability to secure professional licensure, insurance costs, and more.
How much is an open container ticket in Texas?
The open container fine in Texas is no more than $500. However, you can receive a fine for each open container found in your vehicle, so if you have a stash of half-empty bottles rolling around in your front seat, then you may receive multiple $500 fines.
Open container law in Texas and jail time
If you receive an open container ticket by itself, you will not be required to spend time in jail. However, if you are on parole or probation, an open container violation could be more severe.
Is an open container violation the same as a DWI?
No. However, if coupled with related charges (such as a DWI), open container charges can become "enhanced" to a Class B Misdemeanor, which carries up to a $2,000 fine and 6–180 days in jail. Additionally, open container charges can become much more severe if you are found in DWI probation violation or if you have suffered a DWI license suspension in Texas from a previous DWI.
Defenses against Texas open container laws
Aside from the open container law exceptions, a range of defenses exist for the open container law in Texas. If you were subject to an illegal traffic stop by police or an unlawful search, you may be able to successfully defend charges with a skilled attorney.
Charged unfairly? Contact the Thiessen Law Firm today.
Open container laws in Texas should not be taken lightly. Even a seemingly simple charge for an open container can be made unjustly or used as illegitimate evidence for a bogus DWI charge. If you or a loved one has been charged with having an open container and/or DWI in Texas, don't entrust your case to second-rate defense. Instead, hire Houston DWI lawyer Mark Thiessen and his team at the Thiessen Law Firm.
As a Super Lawyer and a Lawyer-Scientist, Mark has what it takes to beat both blood and breath results in court and has even won cases for charges as severe as intoxication manslaughter. If your freedom is on the line, don't wait another moment—contact Thiessen Law Firm today to schedule your free consultation.
Other Helpful Resources by Thiessen Law Firm:
Mark Thiessen
Mark Thiessen is an aggressive trial lawyer best known for his devotion to justice for his clients and high rank as a DWI Super Lawyer in Texas.


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Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2008
This paper reports the formation of Ge nanoclusters in a multi-layer structure consisting of alternating thin films of Ge-doped silica glass and SiGe, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and post annealed at 1100 °C in N2 atmosphere. We studied the annealed samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. As-deposited and annealed samples were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). TEM investigation shows that Ge nanoclusters were formed in the as-deposited SiGe layer and the SiGe layer was transformed into a silicon dioxide layer embedded with Ge nanoclusters after annealing. These nanoclusters are crystalline and varied in size. There were no clusters in the Ge-doped glass layer. Raman spectra verified the existence of crystalline Ge clusters. The positional shift of the Ge vibrational peak with the change of the focus depth indicates that the distribution of the stress applied to the Ge clusters varies with depth. SIMS measurements show clearly the dramatic O increase in the as-deposited SiGe layer after annealing. The creation of Ge nanoclusters by the combination of PECVD and annealing makes possible the application in complicated waveguide components.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: 3|


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Ala kachuu (Kyrgyz ала качуу) is a form of bride kidnapping still practised in Kyrgyzstan. The term can apply to a variety of actions, ranging from a consensual elopement to a non-consensual kidnapping, and to what extent it actually happens is controversial. Some sources suggest that currently at least a third of Kyrgyzstan's brides are taken against their will.
Kyz ala kachuu (кыз ала качуу) means "to take a young woman and run away". The typical non-consensual variety involves the young man abducting a woman either by force or by guile, often accompanied by friends or male relatives. They take her to his family home, where she is kept in a room until the man's female relatives convince her to put on the scarf of a married woman as a sign of acceptance. Sometimes, if the woman resists the persuasion and maintains her wish to return home, her relatives try to convince her to agree to the marriage.
The practice was allegedly suppressed during the Soviet period, but, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, ala kachuu began to resurface. There are conflicting reports on whether it continues in the original way or not. Some sources state that the practice was originally a form of elopement, not a bride theft. Sometimes the kidnapping may be just a wedding formality, where the woman comes along willingly. Some people even consider it an honour to be kidnapped because it demonstrates that the woman is worthy of being a wife.
The history of bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan is under dispute. Russian and later USSR colonizing powers made the ancient practice of the nomads illegal, and so with the fall of the Soviet Union and the subsequent independence of the Central Asian nations, many have revived old customs as a way of asserting cultural identity. Rejecting a kidnapping is often culturally unacceptable for women, and perceived as a rejection of the Kyrgyz cultural identity. The practice is also associated with asserting masculinity. Recent studies challenge the claims that bride kidnapping used to be prevalent. According to Kyrgyz historians, and Fulbright scholar Russell Kleinbach, whereas kidnappings were rare until Soviet times, the bride kidnapping tradition has dramatically increased in the 20th century. The rise in bride kidnappings may be connected with difficulty in paying the required bride price (kalym).
According to the United States Embassy, two American women were bride-kidnapped in rural Kyrgyzstan in 2007.
According to a 1992 study, the bride-money for Dungan brides fluctuated between 240 and 400 rubles. Poor Dungans find Kirghiz brides, or marry Tatar or Sart women. Dungans also secretly abduct Kirghiz girls as brides.
Despite its illegality, in many primarily rural areas, bride kidnapping, known as ala kachuu (to take and flee), is an accepted and common way of taking a wife. Studies by researcher Russell Kleinbach have found that approximately half of all Kyrgyz marriages include bride kidnapping; of those kidnappings, two thirds are non-consensual.
The matter is somewhat confused by the local use of the term "bride kidnap" to reflect practices along a continuum, from forcible abduction and rape (and then, almost unavoidably, marriage), to something akin to an elopement arranged between the two young people, to which both sets of parents have to consent after the fact.
Although the practice is illegal in Kyrgyzstan, bride kidnappers are rarely prosecuted. This reluctance to enforce the code is in part caused by the pluralistic legal system in Kyrgyszstan where many villages are de facto ruled by councils of elders and aqsaqal courts following customary law, away from the eyes of the state legal system. Aqsaqal courts, tasked with adjudicating family law, property and torts, often fail to take bride kidnapping seriously. In many cases, aqsaqal members are invited to the kidnapped bride's wedding and encourages the family of the bride to accept the marriage.
In one model of bride kidnapping present in Kyrgyzstan, the young man decides he wishes to marry and asks his parents to pick him out a suitable bride, or is told by his parents that it is time he settled down and that they have found someone of the right background and attributes. (In this sense, it may be similar to an arranged marriage, although the arranging is all on one side.) The prospective groom and his male relatives or friends or both abduct the girl (in the old nomadic days, on horseback; now often by car) and take her to the family home. Once there, the man's relatives may attempt to convince the woman to accept the marriage, and to place a white wedding scarf (jooluk) on her head to symbolize her agreement. They may do this by pointing out the advantages of the union, such as the wealth of their smallholding, to show her what she would gain by joining their family. Families may use force or threaten to curse the woman if she leaves, an effective threat in a superstitious country. Some families will keep the girl hostage for several days to break her will. Others will let her go if she remains defiant; she may, for example, refuse to sit down or to eat, as a sign that she is refusing the proffered hospitality. During this period, the groom typically does not see the bride until she has agreed to marry or at least has agreed to stay. The kidnapped woman's family may also become involved, either urging the woman to stay (particularly if the marriage is believed socially acceptable or advantageous for the prospective bride and her family), or opposing the marriage on various grounds and helping to liberate the woman.
In other models of bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan and other areas of Central Asia, the woman may be a complete stranger to the man prior to the abduction. Sometimes the groom and his family, rather than selecting a particular young woman to kidnap, decide on a household; that way they can still kidnap one of the sisters if the woman they desire is not home. As in other societies, often the men who resort to bride kidnapping are socially undesirable for a variety of reasons; they may be more likely to be violent, have a criminal history, or to be substance abusers.
The bride kidnapping process sometimes includes rape. Even when sex does not take place, once a woman has been kept overnight, even for a single night, her virginity is put in doubt. With her honor disgraced, she will have very few other options for marriage. Thus, after one night of capture, the woman is culturally compelled to marry the man. Such immense social stigma is attached to a refusal to marry after a kidnap that the kidnapped woman usually feels that she has no choice but to agree, and some of those who refuse even commit suicide after the kidnapping.
See also
- Raptus, for a comparison of how the Catholic Church handled bride capture
- Smith, Craig S. (April 30, 2005). "Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite". The New York Times.
- Human Rights Watch, Reconciled to Violence: State Failure to Stop Domestic Abuse and Abduction of Women in Kyrgyzstan, pp. 87-88, _URL_ Handrahan, pp. 212-213.
- Hanrahan, p. 222.
- International Human Rights Law and Bride Kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan, _URL_ Handrahan, p. 222.
- Russ Kleinbach & Lilly Salimjanova, Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asian Survey, (June 2007) 26:2, 217 - 233, at 230, available at _URL_
- Aijan Rakhimdinova, Kyrgyz Bride Price Controversy, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, Dec. 22, 2005, _URL_
- Warden Message, United States Embassy, Kyrgyzstan, _URL_
- Asian Folklore Institute, Society for Asian Folklore, Nanzan Daigaku. Jinruigaku Kenkyūjo, Nanzan Shūkyō Bunka Kenkyūjo (1992). Asian folklore studies, Volume 51. Nanzan University Institute of Anthropology. p. 256. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- Bride kidnapping is criminalized in Article 155 of the Criminal code. See Russ Kleinbach & Lilly Salimjanova, Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asian Survey, (June 2007) 26:2, 217 - 233, available at _URL_
- United States State Department, Kyrgyz Republic: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2007, March 11, 2008, _URL_
- Kleinbach & Salimjanova, Kyz ala kachuu and ad


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The network interface to a LON device is always defined as a set of datapoints. A LON device can define any set of datapoints, but a LON device can provide more information about its datapoints by organizing the datapoints into blocks where the definition of a block is specified by a profile. Hundreds of standard profiles are defined, and you can define your own profile if a standard profile is not suitable. To view standard profiles and define your own profiles, download and install the IzoT Resource Editor.
Based on earlier instruction, you should have the folder smartserver-iot, which is a clone of the
izot/smartserver-iot public Github repository (see this page Setting Up Your Development Environment). In this folder, find the file
./apps/Example Support Files/ApolloDev.zip.
After you have installed the IzoT Resource Editor, extract the contents of the ApolloDev.zip file to this folder
c:\Users\Public\Documents\LonWorks\types\Echelon\ApolloDev. There are four files in the ApolloDev archive that define user types, configuration properties, and functional profiles used for exercises is this documentation. These resources build on the standard LonMark types.
The SmartServer uses the program ID to select the correct definitions for a resource. For this example, the manufacture ID is the ID for Dialog.
Adding and Existing Resource File Set to the Resource Catalog
- Launch the IzoT Resource Editor. You will see a tree view of resources that are installed on your computer. If you followed the instructions in the first paragraph above, you should have the files of the ApolloDev resources on your computer, but you still need to add them to the resource catalog.
- Select Ldrf.Cat at the root of the tree and right click to select Add Folder.
- Navigate to the folder where you unzipped the ApolloDev resources.
- The result of this action adds the resources for this example to the resource catalog. Notice how the resources are scoped to the Manufacturer Dialog, and are more finely scoped at level 4 category for generic controllers. IAP has well defined rules for selecting different parts of the 16 hex byte-encoded fields of the resource file program ID. In this example, the resource file scope 4 program ID mask is 90 00 01 06 00 00 00 00. When a LON device XIF file is created with the first 5 hex bytes encoded to match 90 00 01 06 00, the interface can call out user defined resources in this resource file. If you right-click and select Properties, you can see the details of the program ID assigned to this resource file set as shown here.
- The power of IAP resource definitions comes from the definition of standard types to allow devices created from different manufactures to directly share data without ambiguity related to units and resolution. As a rule, standard types use SI units on the wire. For example, in building automation comfort control applications, there are a number of standard types: device temperature (SNVT_temp_p), pressure, (SNVT_press_p), flow (SNVT_flow), and HVAC equipment specialized complex types like SNVT_hvac_status, which include multiple related values in a single data unit. As of this writing, there are 225 standard types already defined by IAP. You can view the standard types in the IzoT Resource Editor.
- Standard Network Variable Types (SNVTs) are bricks in in the foundation of interoperability. SNVT types are used to define Standard Configuration Properties (SCPTs), which have more precise meaning. For instance, a discharge air controller may be configured to have more than one set point for duct static pressure, and the individual SCPTs provide clarity. SNVTs and SCPTs are collected together under interoperable units of functionality called standard profiles. A standard profile describes required and optional network variable inputs, outputs, and SCPTs used to configure operation of the profile. IAP has defined over 156 standard profiles as of this writing. If your goal is to create a VAV controller to interoperate with other devices, you would start development by considering the SFPTsccVAV profile.
- For this example, we have created a user profile in the ApolloDev resource file set called UFPTDspSPcontroller as shown in the following screenshot. You can review the details using the IzoT Resource Editor.
In this section you have installed the IzoT Resource Editor, and added an existing resource files set (ApolloDev.zip) to the LonMark Device Resource catalog. At this point, a device XIF file that references these resources can be installed and managed with tools based on IzoT Net Server such as IzoT CT. The IzoT Net Server software includes libraries that are Windows specific to handle parsing the type information. In the next section we will see how to use the IzoT Resource Editor to modify resources and to generate reports that make these resources available for other operating platforms, specifically the SmartServer IoT.
Go to Editing Resources.


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The energy systems based on renewable resources face several acceptance difficulties mainly due to high initial costs and to low final incomes. A way to improve the effectiveness of these systems is the use of more than a source of energy, mainly when the employed sources present some type of complementarity. An interesting combination is obtained with the use of hydro and solar energy resources, that it allows to take advantage of the complementarity among two sources and it allows to investigate the storage of energy in water reservoirs and in batteries. The configurations with a bus in cc would assist demands of until 1 kW to 2 kW, while configurations involving a bus in ca evidently would reach larger powers. This article discusses PV hydro hybrid systems, characterizing some configurations, discussing operation strategies, commenting on the effects of the complementarity in time among the energy sources and evaluating that complementarity in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil, besides presenting preliminary estimates of costs.
Latin America Transactions, IEEE (Revista IEEE America Latina) (Volume:6, Issue: 7 )
Date of Publication: Dec. 2008


Using Python scripting in Collabora Online
This document describes the Python scripting feature to manipulate documents being edited in Collabora Online.
Python scripting allows for document manipulation while being edited in Collabora Online. The use-case assumes a web page has a Collabora Online document instance open in an iframe and that the functionality that wants to access the Python scripting is on the parts of the web page outside that iframe.
The core LibreOffice has support for Python scripting already. Enhancements are made so that a Python script (or other code in the LibreOffice core) can return structured values to the JavaScript code in the browser, for instance lists, and not just simple strings or integers.
On the Online side, notifications from returning Python scripts are forwarded to the JavaScript code running in the browser.
Python script files
The Python script files containing functions to be called should be located in the LibreOffice installation, in the folder share/Scripts/python. (In the LibreOffice sources, they are in scripting/examples/python.) Currently, this folder contains,,,, and and files that are used by the demo web page framed.html
(see below), and a few others. Customer-specific Python files should be place d in the same location. After editing script files, the Collabora Online instance must be restarted.
These server-side scripts are read-only during run-time and cannot be modified via Online. Furthermore, the execution of Python scripting is limited to the Python script files in the aforementioned directory, which are prepared in advance. Arbitrary Python code execution is not possible, nor is the execution of dynamically code generated code. These are to guarantee strong security constraints.
Additional security is provided by not enabling the Python script provider by default. You need to explicitly install the collaboraofficebasis6.x-python-script-provider and collaboraofficebasis6.x-pyuno packages (replace x with the respective version number) to enable Python scripts.
In the Online sources there is a web page loleaflet/dist/framed.html and loleaflet/dist/framed.doc.html that are examples of web pages that run an unmodified Collabora Online instance inside an HTML iframe, and then from the HTML code outside the iframe calls Python scripts in the underlying LibreOffice instance to manipulate data in the document open in the Collabora Online instance. Various parameters can be passed to the Python scripts, and return values handled.
Both framed.html and framed.doc.html is just for demonstration purposes and very bare-bones visually.
Forms and JavaScript in framed.html and framed.doc.html
framed.html and framed.doc.html contain a set of small HTML forms and corresponding JavaScript functions that are invoked when a form is submitted. When a form is submitted, in this demonstration case, a corresponding JavaScript function is called. Of course in a real-life use case this could be constructed differently. The JavaScript function fetches the input fields and passes them to the JavaScript functionality of the Collabora Online running inside the iframe using the postMessage() standard JavaScript function.
The parameter to postMessage is a stringified JSON object. The interesting fields in that are: MessageId, which should be CallPythonScript, ScriptFile, which should be the file name of the Python source file containing the Python function to be called, Function which should be the name of the Python function to be called, and Values which should be a JSON object containing the (named) parameters to that Python function.
The JavaScript function receiveMessage() is set up to handle postMessage() events posted to the HTML page from the iframe, and handle especially those corresponding to return values from called Python functions. Those are distinguished by having a MessageId of CallPythonScript-Result.
Once receiveMessage() knows it is handling a return value from a Python script, it checks the commandName field which contains the LibreOffice URL of the called Python function. In the demonstration framed.html it is receiveMessage that then directly does what is necessary depending on the function called. In a more real-life use case, this could be done in some more generic and complex manner of course.
Sample Scripts
These scripts are provided as samples and as starting points for experimentation and further development. Users are encouraged to make copies of them and modify as necessary. Note that they may get overwritten when upgrading the Online packages, so making separate copies is highly recommended to avoid losing any changes.
The first form sets the colour of a cell in the (Calc) document open in the Collabora Online instance. The (zero-based) x and y coordinates of the cell, and the colour (in HTML format, like _TAG_ for a very light green) are input fields of the form. In this case the Python file is called, the function is called SetCellColor, and the parameters are the x and y coordinates and the colour.
The second form has no input fields and causes the function GetNamedRanges() in the Python file to be called. That function takes no parameter but returns a value that is a list of named ranges in the document. The receiveMessage() function inserts these into a textarea element.
The third form is used to add a named range to the document. The input fields are as expected, the name and the range. The called Python function is AddNamedRange, also in The JavaScript to call this is somewhat complicated because of different syntax used in the input fields and parameters passed to that Python function. One could as well put the parameter mangling into Python code, of course.
Finally, and simplest sample, is a form to delete a named range.
This script demonstrates inserting a custom text into a Writer document, replacing any selection (if exists), otherwise inserting at the cursor's position.


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The Microniser is a classical spiral jet micronising mill utilising compressed gas to produce superfine materials by autogenous comminution.
Compressed air is most commonly used but steam is favoured for some applications and inert gases may offer advantages for particularly sensitive materials or materials with explosion risks.
The feed material is inspirated by a small proportion of the compressed gas through a venturi into the grinding chamber where numerous angled nozzles accelerate the material into particle-particle impact. There are no moving parts in the mill and no mechanical forces are applied to the grinding process.
The centrifugal movement of particles in the chamber provides effective classification to control product particle size. Products will typically be less than 10 microns. The mill is usually manufactured in stainless steel and can be supplied with various abrasion resistant linings. For pharmaceutical purposes it can be supplied within a full isolation system.
The particular advantages of this type of mill are:
- it produces a uniform particle size and shape;
- it is very easy to clean and can be used for campaign grinding;
- it can be used for hygienic or sterile applications;
- it will process heat sensitive materials;
- materials can be blended during the grinding process;
- materials can be coated with surfactants during the process.
Brochure and Publication Downloads
(Free air, 7 bar)
(Superheated, 14 bar 400°C)