Posted in Blog, Commercial Litigation, Employment Law by
By Joseph G. Ballstaedt
[email protected]
Owning a business is a rewarding and challenging experience. Perhaps one of the most challenging responsibilities for business owners is hiring quality employees and—when necessary—knowing when and how to fire employees. This article briefly discusses 7 tips that will help you avoid legal and other issues when you let an employee go.
 1. Clearly Define Work Expectations at the Outset
If you decide that terminating an employee is necessary, the fired employee should not be surprised—or should at least know that being fired based on established expectations was a real possibility. To establish proper work and performance standards, clear training at the outset is important, and progressive disciplinary measures are also crucial. All employers, big and small, should keep detailed records of the training and disciplinary process to avoid claims of improper conduct, as discussed in more depth below.
 1. Fire for a Legal Reason
Employees in Utah can fire at-will employees for almost any reason, such as arriving 5 minutes late to work, performing tasks poorly, or acting abrasively to other employees. An employer generally doesn't even need a basis at all to fire an at-will employee. Any reason is fine—so long as it isn't an illegal reason.
One illegal reason is firing based on a protected class. Protected classes in Utah include race, color, sex, national origin, and gender identity—qualities or traits that all people have—as well as other traits such as religious affiliation, being pregnant, being over the age of 40, or having a disability. Federal laws are similar. Avoid any appearance of firing an employee for a reason associated with a protected class.
There are other prohibited reasons for firing an employee, such as firing in retaliation against an employee who reports an employer's violation of law or firing an employee who takes time off under the Family and Medical Leave Act. And perhaps it goes without saying that an employer cannot fire an employee for refusing to engage in an illegal act.
 1. Be Consistent with Discipline and Firing
Be consistent on how you handle employee issues, whether large or small. For example, if you allow one person to arrive late without any consequence but then you fire or discipline another for being late, this may create a potential discrimination claim. Every person in Utah fits into a protected class (explained above). The mere fact of being male, female, or asserting no sexual orientation makes you a member of a protected class. So, each person has some trait or quality that an employer cannot use as motivation for any adverse action, like discipline, demotion, or discharge.
Even if an adverse action is not based on a protected class, it may give an appearance of discrimination. For instance, if all males regularly arrive 20 minutes late without consequence, but all females are punished for the same behavior, the employer has created an appearance of violating laws against discrimination. Even if the employer wasn't motivated by gender, it has acted dangerously under the law.
 1. Fire Based on Facts and for Business Reasons
Although you can generally fire at-will employees for any reason (so long as it isn't an illegal reason, as discussed above), you should avoid firing based on hunches, emotions, or other subjective motivations. It is best to fire based on facts and for business reasons. If there is no clear, explainable basis for firing, suspicions and emotions can create allegations and issues that employers want to avoid. The more emotional the firing events are, the more likely the reason for firing is questioned and scrutinized legally.
It is generally best to explain these reasons to the employee in a short, professional, in-person meeting, as discussed later.
 1. Pay the Employee Everything Owed
When you fire an employee, it is usually wise to pay the employee every cent that he or she has earned—or arguably earned. If timecards aren't clear for whatever reason, err on the side of overcompensating. If you are tempted to deduct wages for damages the employee caused to company property, think twice. If the employee fails to return employee property, you probably don't want to deduct the costs from the final paycheck.
Employees are generally entitled to their pay, and after being fired, an employee is more inclined to retaliate against an employer who hasn't paid everything. For instance, such a disgruntled employee is more likely to file a lawsuit or initiate an investigation by the Utah Labor Commission. Dealing with a lawsuit or investigation, even if you prevail, likely isn't worth the headache and associated costs.
 1. Document the Actual Firing Process in Writing
When you fire an employee, you should carefully document in writing the firing process, in addition to documenting prior disciplinary action and issues that occurred leading up to the actual firing. The reasons the employee is fired should be well documented in company records. Such a written record will help protect you from claims that the termination was based on an improper, illegal reason—a reason you did not state or intend and a reason that did not exist (such as reasons based on gender, age, disability, etc.).
If you have a contemporaneous record that explains the reason for the firing, it will be good evidence later—perhaps months down the road—to counter an employee's claims that you fired him or her for an illegal reason. Your statements after the claim is brought will not carry as much weight as statements and records you created at the time of the firing. Good records help combat "he said she said" situations.
 1. Implement a Plan for the Firing Process—And Follow It
Implement a plan setting forth procedures for all employees you fire. The experience of being let go will be very memorable for each employee. You'll want it to go as smoothly as possible. Most employees respect—or at least deserve—an in-person conversation explaining in brief and professional terms the reason for the firing. Emails, texts, or telephone conversations are not favored. Keep the conversation short, and be very clear that the firing is final. Rip the Band-Aid off.
Set up procedures that allow you to recover all company property from the employee. Don't allow the employee to keep company documents, equipment, etc.
Also, implement procedures that make the firing less visible to the rest of the company, which helps make the process less public and emotional. It may be respectful to allow the employee to immediately leave work, with the ability to gather his or her belongings on a later date. Or you can offer to send the employee's belongings to his or her house.
It may be wise to ask the employee to immediately leave work, without further mingling with the other company employees or spending the day working (or crying) at his or her desk. After being fired, an employee likely won't contribute to the work environment and may do or say something harmful. For this reason, it is probably wise not to allow the employee continued access to the company property and information after being fired.
It is often appropriate to have another person present when an employee is fired. This additional witness can help combat false claims of how the firing process occurred and what was said or done.
Help with Employment Issues
If you have issues with an employee, are considering firing an employee, or have general employment law questions, give me a call. I am happy to help. I offer a free consultation. My direct dial is _PHONE_, and you can e-mail me at [email protected].
Joseph G. Ballstaedt
[email protected]
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Still we are proud contributed 85 great entries.


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Furth Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Furth Name Meaning
German (also Fürth): topographic name for someone living at a ford, Middle High German vurt 'ford', 'path', or a habitational name from any of several places called Fürth, for example near Nuremberg. Jewish (western Ashkenazic): habitational name of the same origin as 1. Possibly also a variant spelling of Firth.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Forth, Firth, North, Warth, Burt, Horth, Worth, Borth, Garth, Kurth

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Suppose we must design a weighted voting scheme to be used by n voters to choose between two candidates. We want the i-th voter to have a certain prescribed amount of "influence" over the final outcome of the vote -- for example, the voters may correspond to states with different populations, or shareholders who hold different numbers of shares in a company. How can we design a weighted voting scheme that gives each voter the prescribed amount of influence?
Of course, in order to even hope to answer such a question we need a well-defined notion of the influence of a voter in a weighted voting scheme. Many such measures of influence have been studied in the voting theory literature; such measures are sometimes called "power indices". In this talk we'll consider two of the most popular power indices: the "Banzhaf indices" (corresponding to the standard notion of influence in analysis of Boolean functions) and the "Shapley-Shubik indices". These are two quite different natural ways of of quantifying how much power each voter has over the outcome in a given weighted voting scheme.
As our main results, we'll describe algorithms that solve the inverse problem of designing a weighted voting scheme for each of these power indices. Specifically,
(1) Given a vector of desired Banzhaf indices for the n voters, our first algorithm efficiently constructs a weighted voting scheme which has Banzhaf indices very close to the target indices (if any such weighted voting scheme exists). Our result gives an almost doubly exponential (in terms of the closeness parameter) running time improvement over the only previous provably correct solution.
(2) Given a vector of desired Shapley-Shubik indices, our second algorithm efficiently constructs a weighted voting scheme which has Shapley-Shubik indices very close to the target indices (if any such weighted voting scheme exists). This is the first algorithm for this problem with a poly(n) as opposed to exp(n) runtime.
A common algorithmic ingredient underlies these two results, but the structural results used to prove correctness are very different for the two indices. Our results for Banzhaf indices are based on structural properties of linear threshold functions and geometric and linear-algebraic arguments about how hyperplanes interact with the Boolean hypercube. Our results for Shapley-Shubik indices are based on anticoncentration bounds for sums of non-independent random variables.
No background in voting theory is required for the talk.
Based on joint works with Anindya De, Ilias Diakonikolas and Vitaly Feldman.


Vine Wreath Tutorial – Just in Time For The Holidays
Want an easy but really pretty wreath for your Thanksgiving Dinner? Just a few supplies and you are ready to start:
Vine clippings at least 24" in length; Floral water tube; Lightweight paddle wire or floral tape; Floral scissors; Ribbon
Step 1. Gather the ends of your vines and place stems in water tube filled with water.
Step 2. Bend your vine around itself to create a circular shape
Step 3: Wire or tape together the two ends of the circle you have created, covering your water tube in the process.
Step 4. Use ribbon to cover any exposed tape or wire.
Be sure to make the ribbon long enough to wrap, make a bow and have long ends to drape when you hang it.
Step 4. Hang and enjoy!
Photography Shannon Elizabeth| Floral Design Soil and Stem | Ribbon Frou Frou Chic


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Event ID 10004 — Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Extensibility
Updated: January 7, 2009
Applies To: Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows can detect and report if the WLAN Extensibility module fails to start or stops unexpectedly.
The WLAN Extensibility module provides independent hardware vendors (IHVs) with more flexibility to support advanced features of IEEE 802.11 networks, and extend the built-in wireless client for additional wireless services and custom capabilities. For example, IHVs and independent software vendors (ISVs) can use WLAN Extensibility to provide customized configuration dialog boxes and wizards to display custom ISV or IHV wireless features and capabilities that are not provided by default in Windows.
|Product:||Windows Operating System|
|Message:||WLAN Extensibility Module has timed out.
Module Path: %1
WLAN Extensibility Module time out
There are three actions that you can take to resolve this error:
- Disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection.
- Restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc).
- Contact the independent hardware vendor (IHV) provider for your hardware.
To perform these procedures, you must be logged on by using a local computer Administrator account, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If you are not logged on by using an account that belongs to the Administrators group, you must be able to supply administrator credentials, in order to run the command prompt as administrator.
Disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection
To disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection:
- Click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet, click Network and Sharing Center, and in Tasks, click Manage network connections.
- Right-click the Wireless Network Connection that you want to manage, and in the drop-down menu, click Disable.
- After the Wireless Network Connection is disabled, right-click the connection, and then click Enable.
If the error persists, follow the steps in the next procedure to restart the WLAN AutoConfig service.
Restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc)
To restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc):
- Click Start, right-click Computer, and then click Manage.
- In Computer Management (Local), click Services and Applications, and then click Services.
- In the details pane, under Name, navigate to WLAN AutoConfig.
- Right-click WLAN AutoConfig, click Properties, and on the General tab, in Startup type, select Automatic, and then click Start.
- Click OK.
Contact the IHV provider for your hardware
- Contact your computer manufacturer, or the manufacturer of your wireless network adapter for the most recent adapter drivers.
There are two methods to verify wireless extensibility settings are applied:
- Verify wireless independent hardware vendor (IHV) extensibility settings are applied by using the netsh wlan command
- Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings by using the profile properties
Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings are applied by using the netsh wlan command:
- Click Start, and in Start Search, type cmd, and then press ENTER.
- At the command prompt, type netsh wlan show interfaceInterfaceName (where InterfaceName is the name of the wireless connection listed in Network Connections), and then press ENTER.
- If IHV extensibility settings are applied, then the command will render a message indicating IHV extensibility settings applied on the connection.
Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings by using the profile properties
- Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Network and Sharing Center.
- In Tasks, click Manage wireless networks.
- Double-click the wireless profile, to open the wireless connection profile properties dialog box.
- If IHV service is installed, an IHV check box is displayed on the Connection tab.


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Comparative intelligence reports provide the following:
Comparative Facets of Coverage
Share of Voice: The share of voice reflects the number of articles with mentions of the company/subject/entity/person. It is presented in percentage form, relative to other competing mentions.
Coverage Size: The coverage size reflects the physical size of clippings. E.g. newspaper clippings are measured in column centimeters (Cc) whereas magazine clippings are measured in pages. This is to reflect how placing an advertisement is calculated.
Impressions: The impressions reflect the exposure a mention potentially achieved. The figure is based on the circulation of publications and the number of clippings tracked.
AVE: The Advertising Value Equivalent is the ratecard average price of placing an advertisement of equivalent size on the said medium.
Language: The breakdown of coverage by language.
Genre: The breakdown of coverage by publication genre (e.g. Business, Lifestyle..)
Media Type: The breakdown of coverage by media type (newspaper, magazine, online, etc.)
Article Type: The breakdown of coverage by article type (e.g. press release, feature, review, etc.)
An evaluation of all the relevant metrics is conducted in order to present recommendations.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Although it may difficult to cite all the sects, what are some major Christian sects that promote "faith healing"?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Christian Science:
The Christian Science Journal records the healings and spiritual insights of those who faithfully practice Christian Science. Individuals share how an ever-developing understanding of God has healed, enlightened, and blessed them, expanding their spirituality and ability to heal others. Below are a few sample articles.
The Journal also includes a worldwide directory of Christian Science practitioners, teachers, and Christian Science nurses available to anyone interested in spiritual healing, as well as a listing of all Christian Science churches and societies throughout the world. The directory is here as well as in the right column of this page.
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The concept of "faith healing" is pretty broad and you would need to supply your own definition if you want a very specific answer. Lacking that, here is the general lay of the land.
Most Christian traditions actually believe (have faith) that God can and even does heal people. However I doubt this is what you are referring to. Where most denominations back off is when it comes to the recipient being able to demand (in faith?) to be healed and the result is seen as reflecting on the amount of faith rather than strictly God's sovereign will to say yes or no.
Of the latter kind of faith healing, it is most prevalent among Pentecostal and extreme Charismatic groups. It is given varying degrees of importance from a sometimes mentioned subject to a key item used as primary evidence of belief and even for evangelism.
A few less common groups with less direct ties to Christianity such as the Christian Scientist movement also promote this, although their implementation often varies from the kind of thing you see trumpeted on questionable TV channels.
It does sometimes pop up in other circles, even Catholic ones, but is generally not well received by other traditions. Again, other traditions may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the kind of belief and practice that probably comes to mind from watching TV evangelists is mostly the domain of Pentecostal movements.
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Thanks for the clarification. It sounds like you're expressing a bias however. "They may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the idea that's probably in your head from TV evangelists" Shouldn't we assume that the "idea" is real for the followers and not from TV evangelists? – rpeg Sep 26 '12 at 17:25
There is no question when it comes to the issue, I am biased. However that's not how I meant that -- what I was suggesting was a caricature at the far end of a spectrum, but I also know that what most people from non Christian backgrounds including yourself imagine this belief to be is likely to be more like that caricature than anything else and the place you'll find anything resembling that is in Pentecostalism. – Caleb Sep 26 '12 at 18:27
Your Answer


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Reloads of QlikView Documents are failing with the following error:Invalid custom connector QvSAPConnector.dll
Used QVConnect: D:\PROGRA~1\QlikView\QvConnect64.EXE
CUSTOMCONNECT TO "Provider=QvSAPConnector;ASHOST=test.host.com;SYSNR=32;CLIENT=700;Log=1;KeepCasing=1;NullDate=1;XUserId=ENCRYPTEDUSERID;XPassword=ENCRYPTEDPASSWORD;"Note: The error above can be seen in also when using other Qlik Connectors (e.g. GeoAnalytics), and the solution follows the same reasoning discussed below. The.dll part of the error and customconnect string would reflect the specific connector related to the error.
The SAP Connector DLLs do not show in the Edit Script window in QlikView although they are definitely installed.Environment:
- Qlik Connectors all versions
QVconnect64.exe performs a search for the Qlik SAP DLL files when you launch QlikView. If for some reason it cannot locate or load the DLLs, they do not appear in QlikView.
By running Process monitor and filtering only processes with the name QV.exe and QVconnect64.exe you can see where the process is looking for the DLLs and whether it successfully finds them:Process Monitor Filter settings
In this example you can see a SAP DLL has been located in the QvBexConnector folder:
In this example you can see that the DLL has not been located and will therefore not appear in QlikView:


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World Academic Union
In this paper, the authors present a new STAKCERT KDD processes for worm detection. The enhancement introduced in the data-preprocessing resulted in the formation of a new STAKCERT model for worm detection. In this paper, they explained in detail how all the processes involved in the STAKCERT KDD processes are applied within the STAKCERT model for worm detection. Based on the experiment conducted, the STAKCERT model yielded a 98.13% accuracy rate for worm detection by integrating the STAKCERT KDD processes.


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Original projections estimated the Fernald cleanup would take 30 years and cost $12 billion. When shut down, the Fernald processing facility had over 250 radioactively contaminated structures residing on over 2.5 million cubic yards of heavily contaminated soil, with an excess of 1,500 tons of nuclear material held up in aging process lines and vessels.
Fluor provided project management, engineering, procurement, and construction services to retrieve, package, and remove this waste. Fluor also decontaminated and demolished the buildings, constructing new facilities to process the waste.
To meet the accelerated clean-up schedule at Fernald, Fluor developed a 13-part project management strategy to work safely through cost efficiencies utilizing available funding. Implementation of this strategy required a dramatic culture change at Fernald, from a government mindset to an entrepreneurial / commercial model. Site safety dramatically improved and several creative and cost-saving solutions were implemented using innovative approaches. For example, Fluor constructed a 75-acre onsite disposal facility to contain 2.9 million cubic yards of contaminated soil and debris.


The English Method: UK taught modern torture to Brazil's dictators
The UK was apparently seen as having effective practices as it had faced a serious insurgency in Malaya up until 1960 and had latterly honed its techniques in Northern Ireland.
The method, using sensory deprivation coupled with high stress, has come to be known as the "Five Techniques". These were:
* standing against a wall for hours
* hooding
* subjection to noise
* sleep deprivation
* very little food and drink.
Many argue the techniques amounted to torture and they were officially banned by Prime Minister Edward Heath in 1972, after a furore over their use on IRA prisoners.
But in Brazil, these psychological interrogation methods fulfilled the military's need. The regime's dismal human rights record was beginning to attract adverse publicity around the world and the old physical forms of torture were killing too many victims. A method that would leave no marks and was still effective to extract information from prisoners was exactly what the generals wanted. They could combine these techniques with knowledge gleaned elsewhere.
Apparently, not only did army officers go on courses in the UK, but British agents went to Brazil to teach. A former policeman, Claudio Guerra, says they gave courses inside Rio's military police headquarters in how to follow people, how to tap phones and how to use the new isolation cell. He saw these agents when he came to collect the bodies of those who had been tortured to death by interrogators using the old system of physical pressure.
How the UK taught Brazil's dictators interrogation techniques [Emily Buchanan/BBC]


What Makes a Supercar?
What Makes a Supercar?
By Ryan Hooper
Asking what makes a car super is like asking, what makes a woman beautiful - everyone has its own opinion.
A term supercar was coined to describe extremely expensive, extremely beautiful and extremely fast cars. But the proper use of this term is often subjective and disputed, especially among enthusiasts. There is no clear definition of what characteristics a car must have to be a supercar. What constitutes a supercar is often a matter of opinion. Also, the use of the term is heavily dependent on the era - a car that is considered to be a supercar at one time may lose its superiority in the future.
It is also important to know that the term refers to factory-built, usually unmodified, street-legal cars. Heavily modified and potentially street - illegal vehicles do not fall into the supercar category. Supercars are not muscle cars or tuned up sports cars. And there is no such thing as a cut price supercar.
A supercar is a car that combines speed, handling, unique design and represents the pinnacle of the automaker's art. It is the car equivalent of a supermodel or a race horse. There are, off course, some basic criteria for measuring whether a car should be considered a supercar or not. Things to consider: design, acceleration, top speed, handling, power-to-weight ratio, style, rarity, price - all of these has to be super in a supercar.
Want an example? Here is a prime example - The Bugatti Veyron.
The Bugatti Veyron is currently (2007) the most expensive (around $1.5 million) and fastest fully street legal car in the world. The Guinness Book of World Records included Bugatti Veyron under the heading - Fastest Production Car. With 1001 horsepower this supercar champion features all the most recent automotive advancements and is able to achieve a top speed of 253 mph (407km/h). This is faster than any production car ever made, it's actually faster than Formula 1 cars. Supercars are not just fast, they are blazingly fast.
Other supercars include: Koenigsegg CCX, Pagani Zonda, McLaren F1, Saleen S7 Twin Turbo, Enzo Ferrari, Lamborghini Murcielago and so on.
On the fun side, if you ever doubt whether a car is a supercar or not, consider this:
A car might be a supercar if:
 - you have a wallpaper or a poster of it
 - it's worth more than your house
 - you drool when you see one
 - it can break the speed limit in 1st gear
 - you will probably never own one,
 - but if you do, you would never give the keys to the valet.
In conclusion, a supercar is a car that changes your idea of what a car is and what a car can do.
Ryan Hooper is a car lover and a big admirer of the first true American supercar: Saleen S7 [_URL_]
Article Source: _URL_


Hinduism, the most ancient of all religions continue to illuminate humankind to this day, says CIF
_TAG_; _TAG_; _TAG_; _TAG_
Toronto/Canadian-Media: As the Hindu Heritage Month in Ontario is nearing its conclusion, it is a good time to ponder, explain and understand ideas and concepts behind Hinduism, the most ancient of all religions that continue to illuminate humankind to this day, Canada India Foundation said.
As a part of Ontario's Hindu Heritage Month celebrations, a major virtual event would be held on Nov.29, 9.30 by Canada India Foundation in collaboration with several IndoCanadian organizations.
Hindu Philosophy and its Relevance
The keynote address would be delivered online by Yog Rishi Baba Ramdev, one of the world's most popular Yoga Gurus, a great orator with an estimated following of 800 million, to celebrate Hindu Heritage in Ontario. Besides, there will be more dignitaries joining the virtual event with greetings to the community.
The event would highlight the salient features of the millennia-long rich Hindu Heritage, said CIF to provide an opportunity to educate and enlighten the rest of Canada on the basic principles that guide Sanatan Dharma, or the Eternal Tradition, a concept that predates all religious texts.
CIF continued to say that primary Hindu texts the Vedas, Upanishads, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharat passed down the centuries first through a robust oral tradition and later through written down texts, which contain hymns, incantations, philosophies, rituals, poems, and stories from which nearly a billion Hindus draw their inspiration.
The combined wisdom inherent in those words, said CIF resulted in creating an inclusive, forward-thinking, and innovative culture encompassing the great discoveries in sciences, logic, economics, politics, and every sphere of human activity to influence the world.
As the Covid19 pandemic has put the whole world in a crisis, it becomes important to consider the wisdom inherent in the Vedic sciences, like that of yoga and Ayurveda. Recent evidence establishes the practices and medicines recommended thousands of years ago for good health and wellness may still be valid in the time of Covid19.
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one big family), first found in the Vedic literature, and the only such universal humanistic concept should be considered a crucial guiding principle of Hinduism, said CIF.
Thinkers, scholars, and seekers have made a beeline to the shores of India in search of truth for millennia. Many world figures have been fascinated by the myriad aspects of the Hindu way of life, said CIF and the depth and originality of Hindu thoughts and traditions have been praised its core values in their writings by great men and women
The event is being held with enthusiastic participation and supported by various diaspora organizations.
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objects (regardless of which program they use).
The p_unlit shader is never actually used in the scene graph; we just use the scene graph as a convenient way to load the shader. Similarly, the m_sphere mesh is not used in a scene graph node. We pull references to both of these out of the graph and use them ourselves where needed. We extract some uniform locations from the unlit shader, so that we can draw unlit objects with colors.
The code as written here is designed to be exception safe. Most of the functions that find nodes by name will throw if the name is not found. What this exception safety means is that it is easy to make the scene reloadable. It only replaces the old values in the global variables after executing all of the code that could throw an exception. This way, the entire scene, along with all meshes, textures, and shaders, can be reloaded by pressing Enter. If something goes wrong, the new scene will not be loaded and an error message is displayed.
Two of the objects in the scene rotate. This is easily handled using our list of objects. In the display method, we access certain nodes and change their transforms them:
 360.0f * g_timer.GetAlpha(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)));
g_nodes[3].NodeSetOrient(g_spinBarOrient * glm::rotate(glm::fquat(),
 360.0f * g_timer.GetAlpha(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)));
We simply set the orientation based on a timer. For the second one, we previously stored the object's orientation after loading it, and use that as the reference. This allows us to rotate about its local Z axis.
Multiple Scenes
The split-screen trick used here is actually quite simple to pull off. It's also one of the advantages of the scene graph: the ability to easily re-render the same scene multiple times.
The first thing that must change is that the projection matrix cannot be set in the old reshape function. That function now only sets the new width and height of the screen into global variables. This is important because we will be using two projection matrices.
The projection matrix used for the left scene is set up like this:
Example 17.4. Left Projection Matrix
glm::ivec2 displaySize(g_displayWidth / 2, g_displayHeight);
 glutil::MatrixStack persMatrix;
 persMatrix.Perspective(60.0f, (displaySize.x / (float)displaySize.y), g_fzNear, g_fzFar);
 ProjectionBlock projData;
 projData.cameraToClipMatrix = persMatrix.Top();
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, g_projectionUniformBuffer);
 glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, sizeof(ProjectionBlock), &projData, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)displaySize.x, (GLsizei)displaySize.y);
Notice that displaySize uses only half of the width. And this half width is passed into the glViewport call. It is also used to generate the aspect ratio for the perspective projection matrix. It is the glViewport function that causes our window to be split into two halves.
What is more interesting is the right projection matrix computation:
Example 17.5. Right Projection Matrix
 glutil::MatrixStack persMatrix;
 ProjectionBlock projData;
 projData.cameraToClipMatrix = persMatrix.Top();
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, g_projectionUniformBuffer);
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
glViewport(displaySize.x + (g_displayWidth % 2), 0,
 (GLsizei)displaySize.x, (GLsizei)displaySize.y);
Notice that we first take the camera matrix from the perspective view and apply it to the matrix stack before the perspective projection itself. Remember that transforms applied to the stack happen in reverse order. This means that vertices are projected into 4D homogeneous clip-space coordinates, then are transformed by a matrix. Only the rotation portion of the right camera matrix is used. The translation is removed by the conversion to a mat3 (which takes only the top-left 3x3 part of the matrix, which if you recall contains the rotation), then turns it back into a mat4.
Notice also that the viewport's X location is biased based on whether the display's width is odd or not (g_displayWidth % 2 is 0 if it is even, 1 if it is odd). This means that if the width is stretched to an odd number, there will be a one pixel gap between the two views of the scene.
Intermediate Projection
One question may occur to you: how is it possible for our right camera to provide a rotation in NDC space, if it is being applied to the end of the projection matrix? After all, the projection matrix goes from camera space to clip-space. The clip-space to NDC space transform is done by OpenGL after our vertex shader has done this matrix multiply. Do we not need the shader to divide the clip-space values by W, then do the rotation?
Obviously not, since this code works. But just because code happens to work doesn't mean that it should. So let's see if we can prove that it does. To do this, we must prove this:
This might look like a simple proof by inspection due to the associative nature of these, but it is not. The reason is quite simple: w and w' may not be the same. The value of w is the fourth component of v; w' is the fourth component of what results from T*v. If T changes w, then the equation is not true. But at the same time, if T doesn't change w, if w == w', then the equation is true.
Well, that makes things quite simple. We simply need to ensure that our T does not alter w. Matrix multiplication tells us that w' is the dot product of V and the bottom row of T.
Therefore, if the bottom row of T is (0, 0, 0, 1), then w == w'. And therefore, we can use T before the division. Fortunately, the only matrix we have that has a different bottom row is the projection matrix, and T is the rotation matrix we apply after projection.
So this works, as long as we use the right matrices. We can rotate, translate, and scale post-projective clip-space exactly as we would post-projective NDC space. Which is good, because we get to preserve the w component for perspective-correct interpolation.
The take-home lesson here is very simple: projections are not that special as far as transforms are concerned. Post-projective space is mostly just another space. It may be a 4-dimensional homogeneous coordinate system, and that may be an odd thing to fully understand. But that does not mean that you can't apply a regular matrix to objects in this space.


How Well Do You Actually Know the Fizz?
One of the original hangover cures, the fizz has gone through countless iterations since its first recorded mention in the 1860s. Here, get to know the fizz in five classic recipes and their modern interpretations.
Before the Bloody Mary became the universal morning-after prescription, the fizz, a sour made tall by the addition of soda water and the optional egg white, was for half a century the perfect hair-of-the-dog remedy.
First recorded in print in 1867 by Jerry Thomas as simply lemon, sweetener, spirit and seltzer, this corpse reviver began its ascendancy towards cocktail celebrity alongside the daisy and the Collins, bearing a strikingly close resemblance to the latter and differing only in preparation (shaken versus built in the glass) and manner of consumption (hurriedly versus steadily).
By 1890 the fizz had attracted a dedicated following, most notably by the self-proclaimed "champion gin fizz drinker in America," Professor Denton of Brooklyn, New York, known for his preternatural capacity to consume 40 fizzes in any given day. According to David Wondrich's Imbibe!, so voracious was his appetite for fizzes that Denton once even tried to consume the glass, only to subsequently—and unsurprisingly—die from internal hemorrhaging.
Though other notable fizzes emerged in the 19th century (among them, the Silver Fizz and the Morning Glory Fizz, both of which see the addition of egg white), the Ramos Gin Fizz remains the most famous iteration. Invented in 1888 by Henry Charles Ramos of New Orleans' Imperial Cabinet saloon, the citrus—in this case, a double dose of lemon and lime—is supplemented with two frothy thickeners: both cream and egg white. Requiring a significant amount of emulsifying, the namesake fizz famously called for a line of shakermen, men ready to pass the shaker along, each shaking for part of the full 12 minutes required to properly make the drink. (Nowadays, that overt inefficiency has led some bartenders to hack the process with bubble tea machines and hand held blenders.)
As a category, this "long drink par excellence," as one San Francisco bartender described it, had, within the first few decades of its existence, won widespread appeal, spurring countless variations based on nearly every available spirit. Ultimately, it became so ubiquitous that in 1941, Crosby Gaige, author of his eponymous cocktail guide and ladies companion declared that the fizz and its long-drink ilk had, "like great danes and greyhounds... finally become family pets." Here, three classic fizzes stand alongside their modern counterparts:
Original: Gin Fizz
Modern: Corenwyn Clipper
With gin, simple syrup and citrus at its base, the classic Gin Fizz has an assertive kick from spirit and is notably served in a highball—without ice. In a play on the original, Eben Freeman shakes together malty genever, lemon and crème de mûre before straining it all into a couple, and topping not with soda water, but with sparkling wine.
Original: Ramos Gin Fizz
Modern: Brandy LiftDanger Zone
The milkshake of fizz drinks, the Ramos Gin Fizz is also the most time-consuming; thanks to the addition of both egg white and cream, it famously required a full 12 minutes of shaking to achieve the desired consistency. A modern version, the Brandy Lift, forgoes the egg but keeps the cream and spirits (brandy and Bénédictine), for a drink that, when shaken with orgeat and topped with soda water, straddles the line between a fizz and a milk punch. The similarly textured Danger Zone meanwhile gets its creamy texture from the addition of a whole egg.
Original: Gin Fizz TropicalMorning Glory FizzSeapea Fizz
Modern: High Line Fizz, Mid-Morning Fizz, Sloe Gin FizzLefty's Fizz
The most iconic template for today's fizz is notable for its inclusion of both soda water and egg white—and not cream. And while some are gin-based (like the Gin Fizz Tropical, not to mention its modern iterations, the High Line Fizz, the Mid-Morning Fizz and the Sloe Gin Fizz, which see the additions of dry Curaçao, green Chartreuse and Sloe Gin, respectively), the template for the classic fizz has been known to include a wide variety of spirits; the Morning Glory Fizz, invented in the late 1800s, is Scotch-based, while the Seapea Fizz, which dates to 1934, calls on absinthe. In a truly modern variation, the Lefty's Fizz from San Francisco's ABV opts for mezcal and grapefruit shrub for a smoky, sour play on the original.


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By Lillian Pearl Bridges
The foundational principle of Chinese Medicine is the concept of "Jing", which is often described as our constitutional makeup. Jing includes all physical inheritance along with the talents and abilities and potential that has been passed down from ancestors. It can also be described as the unique and personal mixture of strengths or predispositions for deficiencies in physical, emotional and mental abilities combined with an equally unusual assortment of personality traits. Each person is born with an intrinsic amount of Jing, or inherited constitution. Jing is like the battery that each person is given to live from for the rest of his or her life. People's batteries may be different sizes, but they all start out fully charged. Likewise, some people are born with very strong constitutions and others start out with more delicacy. However, what is most important is how well you guard this vital energy no matter how much energy you start out with.
Therefore, protecting and safeguarding Jing is one of the most important teachings of Chinese Medicine. Overuse of Jing leads to injuries and illnesses and preserving Jing, which enhances health and encourages longevity. So the first thing to find out is how much intrinsic Jing you have and then look for clues about how you are managing it and Chinese Face Reading has just the clues to help you find out.
The best way to measure Jing is from the cartilage of the upper ear. If you grasp it firmly between your fingers and then pull it a bit back and forth, you can get an idea of how stiff and strong it is. Ideally, the ear cartilage should be fairly stiff, but with a slight ability to bend. This means that there is a good amount of inherent Jing. Softer, thinner and more flexible ears have less strength, but are still considered healthy. The difference is that people with very strong Jing get sick less often, if they get sick at all and have the ability to live longer than people with ears that are flimsier. However, this is only if they take care of their Jing. Medium ears still give a fairly strong constitution, but the person who possesses these ears gets sick easier and more often. This is not to say that they will die younger, for if they manage their Jing well, they may in fact live longer than someone who has very strong ears. This is because Jing Management is the most important aspect of longevity.
Many times, people who have strong constitutions don't pay attention to the warning signs and allow minor problems to become big problems. People who have been sick more often in their lives usually know not only how to take care of themselves when they become sick, they often know how to defuse an illness by taking good care of themselves when they feel the initial symptoms. This is preventative medicine and a crucial aspect of good health. So, it is actually much less important how much Jing you started out with than how well you take care of it.
However, everyone has to use Jing over a lifetime. The key is to not overuse it too fast or illnesses or injuries occur at too young of an age. I call this "Jing Blowout." Jing is supposed to be used gradually and whenever it is overused, it is necessary to make Qi to buffer the use of Jing. And, ancient Chinese Medicine has only two ways to make Jing and other ways to preserve it.
The first way to make Qi to preserve Jing is by eating food. Good food transforms into energy, but not just any food will do. The ancient Chinese believed that a line on the bridge of the nose between the eyes indicated the need to eat appropriately for your body's needs. I was taught by my Chinese Grandmother that food had to excite the palate and energetically expand with a kind of joy when you eat it because it tastes so good and feels so satisfying. It could really be any kind of food, but your body had to want it at that time and you had to provide it. She believed that you didn't need to eat a lot of it and that it didn't make you gain weight because it was so right for you. It is also very different from the kind of craving that you have based on emotional needs, where you can't eat enough and then feel somewhat sick afterwards. Instead this kind of eating is satiating and enjoyable. It also makes more energy to live on so that you don't have to use up more Jing.
The second way to make Qi is to by breathing. A marking across the philtrum between the nose and the mouth is a sign that this kind of Qi needs to be made. This is not just regular breathing, breath only transforms when you get to the place called the "time between breaths" where you don't need to breathe in so deeply for a short while and inspires creativity and spirituality. Only then does breath transform into Qi. Now there are many ways of breathing deeply and all are good, but I was taught a very simple method that involved breathing out longer than you breathed in to detoxify the body and fully oxygenate the blood. Singing was a very natural example of this better kind of breathing. And, when you breathe this way for only a little while, it gets you back into the present numinous moment where anything is possible and the upwelling of creativity emerges. This is such a necessary place to live for all creative people.
Finally, in order to preserve the most Jing and QI, it is necessary to live a more regular life with adequate rest and sleep. This is much more important than most people realize and the entire beginning of the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Chinese Medicine is devoted to this topic. The kidneys, which are associated with Jing need to be laying down to rest and the brain and the emotions need to be quiet. If enough rest and sleep is not achieved, then it is important to meditate and take breaks from acitivity.
Although these ancient tips for health and longevity are easy to understand, they are much harder to put into practice. If you try to live this way, I guarantee that you will feel more energetic and hopefully live longer too.
Remember to always consult a licensed healthcare practitioner before embarking on any treatment, it's your health and it's IMPORTANT. _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Frederick Starr: Anthropologist Lost from the History Books
You probably haven't heard of Frederick Starr. Like his contemporary Franz Boas, Starr was an anthropologist coming to fame while the discipline of anthropology was still being formed. Throughout his career, Starr studied people and cultures on three different continents, and still found time to make a name for himself as a lecturer at the University of Chicago. But unlike Boas—who is considered the father of American Anthropology—you won't find Starr's name in many textbooks. The tale of how Frederick Starr was nearly forgotten is one full of controversy and ideology.
Starr's Early Life and Career
Frederick Starr was born in 1858 in Auburn, New York, to the Reverend Frederick Starr Jr. and Helen Mills Starr. As a child, Starr was a strong student and an avid collector of fossils and minerals. He explored that interest further at the University of Rochester, where he studied geology; two years later, he transferred to Lafayette College in Pennsylvania and graduated in 1882. He received a doctorate in geology from Lafayette College in 1885.
In the late 1800s, anthropology was still a new and growing discipline, so Starr didn't study it formally. It wasn't until after his schooling, while teaching at Coe College, that Starr discovered his interest in the subject. He conducted both ethnographic and archaeological fieldwork among the local Sauk and Fox Indian tribes and reputedly taught the first anthropology course in Iowa while at Coe. It's not clear who or what specifically spurred Starr's interest in anthropology, but he pursued it avidly, leaving his studies of geology behind. Following his work at Coe College, Starr held several short-term positions, including working with the ethnological collection at the American Museum of Natural History, before finally accepting a long-term faculty position at the University of Chicago in 1892.
During his time at the University of Chicago, Starr became a very influential public speaker, frequently giving lectures on anthropological subjects that were open to the public through the University's extension program. After attending an extension course about prehistoric and primitive art, W.R. French, the director of the Art Institute of Chicago at the time, wrote that Starr's lectures were "both authoritative and agreeable," and that "Professor Starr has eminently the art of making scientific truth interesting to intelligent but unprofessional academics."
An Anthropologist is Born
According to Donald McVicker, author of Frederick Starr: Popularizer of Anthropology, Public Intellectual, and Genuine Eccentric, Starr engaged in an incredibly varied anthropological career at the turn of the 20th century. He conducted notable research in Mexico, among many Native American tribes in the United States, with the Ainu people of Japan, and in several regions of Africa.
The World's Fairs that took place in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries seemed to provide Starr with the perfect opportunities to put his work on display. Much to his dismay, however, Starr was not allowed an influential position at the famous World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He was excluded by better known anthropologists like Boas and Frederic Ward Putnam, director of Harvard's Peabody Museum. Starr was commissioned to collect data about and artifacts from the Eastern Cherokee people in North Carolina for Putnam and Boas, but contributed little else to this fair.
At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904, however, Starr's work made a much bigger splash. The anthropologist brought nine Ainu people and a translator back with him from Japan to be part of an exhibit at the fair. These Ainu, members of a Japanese indigenous group from Hokkaido in the northern part of the country, were to be displayed as part of a literal representation of the evolutionary stages of humanity towards civilization; along with several other indigenous groups assembled by other anthropologists, they were on display as "barbarous and semi-barbarous peoples." While this is unquestionably offensive to today's sensibilities, the visitor response to the exhibit at the time was overwhelmingly positive, as most people had never before heard of the Ainu and were intrigued by their appearance and practices. In a 1993 article about the Ainu exhibit, anthropologist James W. Vanstone reports the reactions from writers and visitors to the exhibit:
One enthusiastic writer referred to the Ainu as "mysterious little Japanese primitives" and noted that visitors were impressed by their cleanliness and polite manners, but somewhat disappointed that they were no "man-eaters, dog-eaters or wild men."
In addition to contributing to these World's Fairs, Starr produced several publications in conjunction with his fieldwork. These publications included many scholarly and other articles, as well as books like The Truth about the Congo, about his studies in that region; Indians of Southern Mexico: An Ethnographic Album; and In Indian Mexico: A Narrative of Travel and Labor, about the performance and findings of his extensive work with Indian tribes in Mexico.
Starr's Methods and Misconduct in Mexico
His appearance in St. Louis with the Ainu may have been Starr's most publicly recognized work, but if he is remembered at all today, it's for his fieldwork in Mexico. Starr recalls his purpose there in In Indian Mexico:
The work I planned to do among these indian towns was threefold: 1. The measurement of one hundred men and twenty-five women in each population, fourteen measurements being taken upon each subject; 2. The making of pictures,—portraits, dress, occupations, customs, buildings, and landscapes; 3. The making of plaster busts of five individuals in each tribe.
The primary goals in making such recordings were to observe the differences between various Mexican tribes and to establish the placement of such people, and their race and culture, on the same scale that he had placed the Ainu, from barbarous to civilized. It was assumed at the time that there were physical characteristics, such as cranial shape and size, that could mark such distinctions between races (a theory that has long since been disproved).
In his book, Starr refers to the Mexican people he is studying as "ignorant, timid, and suspicious." He also makes regular references to them being too drunk to allow their measurements to be taken. All of these characteristics assigned to these Mexican Indians by Starr explained, in his point of view, the difficulty he often had in securing subjects for measurement, and justified the forceful methods he felt compelled to use. Starr took advantage of the fact that prisoners could not refuse his requests to measure them, and regularly photographed and measured imprisoned subjects for his work. What's more, if there were individuals he wished to measure who did not acquiesce, he would threaten them with arrest and jail time so that they could no longer refuse. The authorities did not object to these methods, instead providing support for Starr by collecting subjects and keeping order. Starr even recounts a specific incident where policemen stopped a bullfight in progress in order to obtain a young man taking part in the fight for Starr's research.
Starr Fading from View
Over time, Starr's brutish, unethical methods and offensive ideas became questionable in the eyes of the anthropological community. The theories of his contemporary Boas, however, began to amass a great deal of support from other anthropologists and academics.
Boas, born and educated in Germany, moved to the United States in 1887 and proceeded to make substantial contributions to the methodology of American anthropology. By incorporating the methods of natural science into the discipline of anthropology, Boas emphasized the importance of conducting research before developing theories, as well as approaching studies in the most ethical and unbiased ways possible. What's more, he developed the modern interpretation of culture, viewing it as learned behavior and a product of a people's history, rather than a hierarchical measurement of civilization that would place the western world on top.
While most anthropologists, inspired by Boas, began to recognize the people they studied as part of the larger, equal human race, Starr continued to regard them as primitive and inferior, demonstrated by his attitude towards his subjects in Mexico. Soon, Starr's methods of fieldwork were widely considered unethical and his ideas about culture outdated.
Starr's charisma and ability as a speaker managed to keep him relevant in public education spheres toward the end of his career. In this capacity, Starr overshadowed Boas, who preferred not to address the general themes of anthropology necessary in public lecturing and was nervous about his skill in speaking English, which was not his first language. The academic discipline of anthropology, though, became dominated by Boas' methods and, over the years, Frederick Starr and his methods were phased out. Today, his work is rarely read, or even mentioned, in discussions or classes on anthropological history.
After 31 years at the University of Chicago, Starr retired from his post in 1923. True to form, he continued to travel the globe and engage in public speaking events until his death; he died unexpectedly of pneumonia while in Japan in 1933.


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The literacy levels of construction workers are low relative to other industries, and yet prescriptions about how to work safely are often buried inside long and complicated documents.
Our research suggests workers may not even read these documents before they commence work. Also, no matter how complex they are, documents cannot cover all eventualities. There's a gap between the way work is described in formal health and safety documents and the way it is practised on site.
Visual methods, including video, can overcome some of these difficulties. For a long time videos have been used to communicate health and safety information to workers. But safety training videos are often produced by technical experts or media companies and shown to workers in stand-alone presentations. In such uses, workers are passive audiences to generic video materials.
Construction companies are legally required to consult workers on health and safety issues, but this is often done in a very formal top-down way, rendering it meaningless.
This is a missed opportunity because construction workers possess a wealth of knowledge based on their practical experience, often gained over many years. Research conducted at RMIT University (undertaken in partnership with Melbourne-based firm CodeSafe Solutions) examined the potential for digital and mobile technologies to be used to access, capture and share workers' health and safety knowledge.
In the research, construction workers were involved in making films about their everyday work practices. Unlike documentary, in which subjects have little or no say in how they are portrayed, participatory video engages people in making films about their everyday experiences.
Construction workers received basic media training before making digital videos about their work practices. The video making enabled workers and managers to understand and reflect on the way work is routinely done and, in doing so, identify constraints and enablers of safe and healthy ways of working. Only when watching the video footage did managers and workers identify problems inherent in standard operating procedures that were either poorly understood or impractical due to physical features of the work environment.
Gaps were identified between the way work was documented and the way that it is routinely practised. Understanding these gaps meant they could be discussed and collaboratively resolved. In several instances work equipment, processes or procedures were redesigned to improve safety. In some instances tasks that had been undertaken the same way for many years were redesigned to make them safer. Both workers and managers described how watching the video footage gave them a different perspective and enabled them to view and understand work in new ways. In one example an access platform erection process was redesigned after workers were seen working adjacent to an unprotected edge.
The collaborative redesigning of a long established work task reveals how workers' tacit knowledge – which is not easily captured or written down - was made explicit and usable through the participatory video activities.
Once made, the digital videos are disseminated at participating worksites using quick response codes, accessible via smartphones. Some workers share these videos with workers outside their organisations, while others show them to builders and principal contractors to explain why they need to work in certain ways to remain safe.
The workers described video as being a powerful way to share "know how" as opposed to "know what."
Digital and mobile technologies are now an integral part of everyday life. Using a smartphone to capture and share knowledge, experiences and ideas in video format is not only possible, but now second nature to many. The research shows it can also improve construction workers' health and safety.


Last but not least
June 6, 2021
 by Paul McGowan
Following the past few day's posts about amplifier efficiency, Class AB biasing, and Class A biasing, let's wrap our little mini-series up with another topology most of us have not heard of, adaptive biasing.
The promise of adaptive biasing is a best of both worlds scenario: the efficiency of a Class AB circuit with the performance of a Class A amp. Sounds too good to be true, right?
The first time I ever heard about an adaptive biasing scheme was way back in the dark ages, the late 1970s. My very dear friend and one of the all-time good guys of audio, Nelson Pass, then of Threshold Corporation, had introduced the idea of what we called a sliding bias scheme, part of what later became known as the Stasis Circuit used in Nakamichi, Threshold and if memory serves correctly, even the Mark Levinson No. 33.
The core of this circuitry is covered in Nelson's patent from 1975 titled Active bias circuit for operating push-pull amplifiers in class A mode.
Simply put, Nelson's design raises the level of Class A bias in cadence with the rising input signal.
Recall in our discussion of Class AB design that a small amount of always-on power keeps small signals always on. In other words, we apply Class A (always-on) bias to the first 10% of the amplifiers output signal level, then switch over to the more efficient Class B for higher signals. Compare that to Class A operation which is always-on for any level of signal—always generating a shit-ton worth of heat (recall Class A amps are at their coolest when at full signal out).
What Nelson cleverly suggested was this. Take what we do in an AB amp where the first 10% of the signal is Class A and actively monitor the signal level. When any given input signal starts to exceed our 10% Class A bias, raise the limit from 10% to, say, 20% (or whatever is greater than the signal level), and continue on the path all the way up to 100%. Then back down again tracking the signal. The heat-producing bias is only enough to accommodate the signal, then goes away when it's not needed.
Thus, we get the benefits of both worlds. Efficient, and sweet-sounding.
Why doesn't every amp use this even today? (Nelson's patents ran their course years ago). Well, as with any design there are problems as well as advantages and this post is long enough already. Ain't nuthin' perfect. (We used this for several models of amps though their model numbers and dates escape me).
In any case, a juicy piece of history I'd thought I would share.
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21 comments on "Last but not least"
 1. Having read the posts the last few days, all this talk about heat is a bit like talking about cars in terms of their exhaust fumes. Both are the waste product of their inefficiency.
 "Why doesn't every amp use this even today?" The main reason may be because 20+ years ago manufacturers were designing better class A/B amplifiers so other than for a few audiophiles, they became redundant.
 Class A/B is still inefficent compared to class D. You can discuss fuel efficiency as much as you like, but a Tesla has no fumes as all, and is worth more than most of the rest of the US auto industry put together. Class D audio and electric vehicles are taking over their industries because of their efficiency, but it doesn't mean you have to like them.
 1. "Tesla is worth more than most of the rest of the US auto industry put together."
 You are referring to its market capitalization, which only reflects the inflated stock value, not the intrinsic value of its operation. Tesla is still a small company in terms of its revenues; and while the company is profitable, those profits do not yet derive from sales.
 1. It's valuation reflects the fact that it has a massive lead on the huge US auto market, but more importantly the best battery technology and production on the planet. No one comes close to the range of the Tesla. Richtea correctly points out issues with the UK infrastructure, and a bigger problem is making the vehicles as demand is far greater than supply. I see these as teething problems that will get sorted, and have improved a lot in the 2 years we've had an electric car, just as the battery life was a major issue with mobile phones and now is almost a non-issue.
 I said in my earlier post a few days ago that I saw heat a fundamental issue in home audio, solve that with Class D or ultra-efficient Class A/B and you open up a world of possibilities for consumer-friendly design without compromising sound quality. That revolution started at least 15 years ago.
 2. Steven, I realize you are not a scientist so maybe you should leave the science to those of us who are. Just because something emits an exhaust does not mean that it is inefficient. The condensing boiler that makes the hot water to heat my house and make domestic hot water for bathing wand washing burns natural gas and is 95% efficient. There is so little heat energy left in its exhaust that the exhaust is vented through PVC pipe that I can touch without any fear of burning my hand. Both electric and gas car are inefficient because the are both mechanical contrivances that are load with frictional losses.
 1. I calculated that my 42kW Nissan Leaf, based on 132,000 Btu from a gallon of petrol, does the equivalent of about 140 miles per gallon. I don't know any petrol cars that do that. Like A/B amplifiers, petrol cars consume fuel when sitting in traffic going nowhere, our old car idled at 800 revs, whereas electric cars consume nothing (if you have the aircon off).
 The Plinius SA-103 has been in production for many years and you can select Class A or A/B bias. Stats: Power/Current consumption: 485W/2.1A, class-A Idle. 92W/0.4A class-A/B Idle/Standby. People run these bridged at 400w Class A per channel. I remember reading a review saying they are so good in A/B that the Class A option is pretty pointless, especially given the heat they produce. A friend had one and they are just a huge massive lump.
 1. My Volkswagen Golf did that and I bought it in 2010. It did not always work. What they didn't tell me was that I was killing people with NOX. The Nissan has an eDrive thing. You drive on one pedal only and it brakes automatically. Apparently it's because it can brake more efficiently. My wife just loves it, especially the Bose stereo. There are massive tax breaks for going electric, we get next to no tax breaks for anything else. Maybe there should be tax breaks for buying a Class D amplifier.
 1. Steven,
 I haven't owned, or regularly driven, a motor vehicle for just over 10 years now, therefore I have decreased my carbon footprint greatly.
 Also, pleased do not be disparaging of "huge massive lumps" 193cm & 123kgs I consider myself a huge massive lump.
 2. Good points in Steven's post. I always thought hi-fi was about a journey to the best sound quality but now it seems we are being driven to be green. I've nothing against being green, it's a very worthy cause, but implementation needs to be planned and structured. I read the other day that new technologies can be accepted at a much faster rate than we might expect. Electric vehicles are rapidly gaining ground! Unfortunately here in the U.K. we don't at present have the charging infrastructure to support this which will give rise to a lot of problems. I expect the situation is similar in other countries. Imagine you plan a touring holiday. You can't charge at home so you have to plan a 'charging' route. Charging isn't as quick as filling with petrol. When you arrive at the charger it's already in use or it's out of service due to malfunction or vandalism. The connector might not fit your vehicle, they're not all the same. Think RCA to XLR, perhaps you'll need a crossover cable, hope the pins are wired correctly. Everything's good but they won't accept your payment method. There'll be other problems I haven't thought of, there always are. I appreciate this is a rather 'glass half empty' post but in the rush to be green and efficient I think we risk tripping ourselves up.
 What has this got to do with hi-fi, not a lot, but it might fuel the urge to stay home and listen to some more music. Going green, what about this idea. Why not power your hi-fi from solar panels, all that mains borne noise and DC issues gone in an instant.
 1. Solar chargers and Ap-Fi (as opposed to Hi-Fi) need a lot of electrical isolation. MPPT chargers are noisy brutes... So you'd still need to implement power conditioning to eliminate the (un)harmonic noise on the supply.
 3. My Denon POA-4400 monoblocs, from 1993, were 30watts cont.
 'A' class & 160watts cont. 'A/B' class (20Hz-20kHz)
 Fantastic little'straight wires with gain' they were.
 4. I believe the


ARTICLE: Impact is an ideologically and strategically driven aim for entrepreunial journalists
Picture: DKD_8062 by Deven Dadbhawala, license CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Studying entrepreunial journalists, constructive journalism and the concept of impact shows the complexity of conceptualising journalism. Andrea Wagemans, Tamara Witschge and Frank Harbers, all of the University of Groningen, analysed data from interviews with 129 entrepreneurial journalists on four continents. The interviews were conducted in 2014–2017.
The researchers wanted to find out how entrepreneurial journalists position themselves in relation to other journalists and society by exploring their understanding of journalism's impact in society.
Based on the interviews, entrepreunial journalists see it as their mission to seek innovation, both technological and ideological. A recurrent theme in the interviews was the wish to create useful and impactful journalism for their audiences and the society.
Impact was defined in varying ways, including individual, community, and societal levels.
The entrepreneurs navigate between traditional and alternative journalistic values seemingly effortlessly, challening some binary distinctions found in earlier research. Their practices are not only ideologically driven, but are also influenced by strategic considerations, the authors state. This involves targeting specific audiences.
The researchers end with the observation that notions such as constructive journalism are not neutral or unambigous. The concepts people refer to are informative about how they look at the world around them. This also means that the definitions of journalism given by the entrepreneurs do not provide definite answers to the debate on what journalism is or what it should be.
The article "Impact as driving force of journalistic and social change" was published in Journalism and is freely available on the publisher's website (open access).
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This is the.mov video version of the song "WRITING IS COOL!"
Educational Content: Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence; punctuation at the end of a sentence; spaces between words; pictures and words matching; make your story interesting; beginning, middle, and end; writing tools (pencil, paper, eraser, spacer)
A great WRITING song from Harry Kindergarten Music!
Preview this video on YouTube (actual video preview is in the middle of the linked HK Exclusive commercial):
If you wish to have your class perform this song for a live audience (graduation, assembly, etc.), please inquire at _EMAIL_, as there is a small performance fee.


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Does weed cause acne? Marijuana has become an increasingly popular topic in recent years, with more and more states legalizing its use for both medicinal and recreational purposes.
With this increased popularity comes an increased curiosity about the potential effects of marijuana on the body. One question that often arises is whether smoking weed causes acne.
Acne is a skin condition that affects millions of people around the world, and any potential connection between marijuana and acne is certainly worth exploring.
In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the relationship between smoking weed and acne, analyzing the available scientific research and discussing other potential contributing factors to this common skin condition.
Does Smoking Weed Cause Acne?
As the popularity of marijuana continues to increase, so does the curiosity surrounding its effects on the body.
One question that often comes up is whether smoking weed causes acne.
This is a topic that has been debated for years, with some people claiming that there is a clear link between smoking weed and acne, while others deny any connection.
So, what does the science say?
Before we delve into the relationship between marijuana and acne, it is important to understand what acne is and how it forms.
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
This blockage can cause pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads to form on the skin.
Acne is most common during adolescence, but it can also affect adults.
The Role of Hormones
Hormones play a significant role in the development of acne.
During puberty, the body experiences hormonal changes that can lead to an increase in oil production.
This increase in oil production can clog the hair follicles, leading to the formation of pimples.
Hormones can also play a role in adult acne, which is often seen in women during their menstrual cycle or pregnancy.
The Link Between Marijuana and Acne
Now, let's talk about the link between marijuana and acne.
Some studies have suggested that smoking weed can increase the production of certain hormones, including testosterone.
As we mentioned earlier, an increase in hormones can lead to an increase in oil production, which can clog hair follicles and cause acne.
However, other studies have found no significant link between smoking weed and acne.
The Role of CBD
One component of marijuana that has been touted for its potential benefits for the skin is CBD.
CBD is a non-psychoactive compound found in marijuana that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Inflammation is a key factor in the development of acne, so it is possible that CBD could help to reduce acne symptoms.
However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of CBD for acne.
Other Factors to Consider
When it comes to the relationship between marijuana and acne, there are other factors to consider.
For example, smoking weed can cause dehydration, which can lead to dry skin.
Dry skin can make acne worse, so it is important to stay hydrated if you are a regular smoker. Additionally, smoking anything can cause skin damage, which can make acne more difficult to treat.
One well-known side effect of smoking weed is increased appetite, also known as "the munchies."
While this may not seem related to acne at first, it is important to note that a diet high in processed and sugary foods can contribute to the development of acne.
If you are a regular smoker and find that you are eating more unhealthy foods than usual, this could be a contributing factor to your acne.
Smoking anything can have negative effects on the skin, including damage to collagen and elastin.
These are two proteins that keep skin looking firm and youthful.
When they are damaged, the skin can appear dull, saggy, and wrinkled. Smoking can also cause dehydration, which can lead to dry skin.
Dry skin can make acne worse, so it is important to stay hydrated if you are a regular smoker.
Other Side Effects of Smoking Weed
In addition to its potential effects on acne, smoking weed can have other side effects on the body.
These include impaired memory, decreased coordination, and increased heart rate.
It can also have negative effects on mental health, particularly for those who are prone to anxiety or depression.
It is important to weigh the potential risks and benefits before deciding to use marijuana.
Other Causes of Acne
While smoking weed may contribute to the development of acne for some people, it is important to remember that there are many other factors that can contribute to the condition.
These include genetics, skincare habits, and diet. Stress can also play a role in the development of acne, so it is important to practice stress-reducing activities like exercise and meditation.
Acne Treatment and Remedies
If you are struggling with acne, there are many treatment options available.
These include topical creams, oral medications, and skincare routines that target acne-prone skin.
It is important to talk to a dermatologist to determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs.
In addition to medical treatments, there are also natural remedies that may help to reduce acne symptoms, such as tea tree oil and aloe vera.
|Statement||True or False?|
|Weed causes acne||False|
|Smoking weed can increase oil production in the skin||True|
|THC in weed can lead to increased inflammation in the body||True|
|Weed smoking can cause skin irritation and dryness||True|
|Smoking weed can worsen existing acne||True|
|There is a lack of conclusive scientific evidence linking weed use and acne||True|
FAQ'S Does smoking weed cause acne?
Does weed cause hormonal imbalance?
Marijuana use can affect hormone levels in the body, which can potentially lead to a hormonal imbalance. THC, the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, can impact the production of certain hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol.
Does weed make you gain weight?
Marijuana use can cause an increase in appetite, commonly known as the "munchies," which can lead to overeating and potential weight gain. However, not all users will experience weight gain, and the effects of marijuana on weight can vary depending on individual factors.
Does smoking weed cause cavities?
Smoking weed can cause dry mouth, which can increase the risk of developing cavities. Dry mouth can reduce saliva production, which helps to wash away harmful bacteria that can cause cavities. It is important to practice good oral hygiene if you are a regular smoker.
Does smoking weed cause acne?
While the relationship between smoking weed and acne is not entirely clear, some research suggests that marijuana use may contribute to the development of acne. Hormone changes, smoking, diet, and skincare habits can all play a role in the development of the condition.
How does smoking affect your eyes?
Smoking weed can cause redness, dryness, and irritation in the eyes. THC can lower blood pressure, which can lead to dilated blood vessels in the eyes and a decrease in tear production. This can cause dry eyes and potentially lead to eye infections and other issues.
What can smoking do to your skin?
Smoking, including marijuana use, can have negative effects on the skin, including premature aging, wrinkles, and damage to collagen and elastin. Smoking can also contribute to the development of acne and other skin conditions. It is important to practice good skincare habits and quit smoking to improve skin health.


Frosted Glass VS Scotch Tape
matte reflection
matte refraction
low refraction
Lighting 101 Posts
Lighting 101: HID Lamps
Take a look at this image:
Lighting 101: Luminance VS Illuminance
Do you know the difference between "luminance" and "Illuminance?"
When talking with students, or people who just love light but don't know much about it, there are a few terms that are used sometimes incorrectly – "That table has a high illuminance value," or "you can measure the luminance coming from that light source." Not quite right. Do you know how to use these integral lighting terms?
It's easiest to remember if you think of it in terms of what is exactly happening when a beam of light strikes a surface. Let's look at this small image:
In this example, we are looking at one beam of light hitting a surface. The beam of light is red, and the surface, obviously is green. The red arrow represents the incident light, or the beam(s) of light striking the surface. Another time I'll write about the Law of Reflection and what it means, but also look at this diagram of what happens when a beam of light is reflected:
Figuring out the difference between luminance and IL-luminance is as simple as remembering what has happened to the beam of light; the incident of light hitting a surface – a beam of light that is travelling towards a surface – is what is measured when talking about illuminance. Illuminance is measured as the amount of light striking a surface. The incident light. If we had a light meter and wanted to measure the amount of light that was striking the surface we were measuring, we would hold the little white bubble towards the device shooting the light. These meters are also called "incident meters" for a reason.
On the other side of this, luminance, is what we measure off of the surface that has light hitting it. Luminance is the measurement of the product of the incident light and the surface – anything that is reflected. Luminance is also considered the human perception of brightness, or how bright we perceive the light that is reflected off of the surface.
Make sense? Think of it like this – IL-Luminance, IL, I = Incident Light. Illuminance is measuring the incident light. Luminance is what's leaving the surface – L = leaving. Illuminance is measuring incident, luminance is measuring what's leaving.
I hope that helps!


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A bald barber is not today nonsense.
Being in a large city you can meet a bald barber.
You know that Bald – means the absence of hair. Sometimes Bald is the name of the place or animal associated with the meaning of the word bald. For example, the bald barber also has a connection with the word Bald.
Even among celebrities, one can meet a bald barber.
Bald what is it?
Modern medicine believes that Bald is due to several reasons. First, predisposition. Secondly, the lack of hormones.
If they start to get bald, they resort to various tricks: they transplant hair, drink hormones and wear wigs. Also, probably, a bald barber may stop being bald if he wants to do it. But these are just our assumptions.


Paraphernalia Crimes
September 12, 2012
In Texas, possession of drug paraphernalia is a separate criminal charge under the law.
What is defined as illegal drug paraphernalia?
Any item that can be used as a drug processing, packaging, or consumption mechanism can be defined as paraphernalia under 481.002 (17) of the Texas Controlled Substances Act. Even common household items such as scales, spoons, bowls, envelopes or bags can land you an illegal possession of paraphernalia charge. The most common paraphernalia charges result from pipes, and bongs.
What is the Penalty for Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Texas? Simple possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class C Misdemeanor, which carries a penalty of fines up to $500. Distribution or possession with intent to distribute or sell drug paraphernalia is a Class A misdemeanor, which can result in up to a year in jail. Second offense penalties will result in mandatory jail time, or if you sell to someone under 18 years old.


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Effect of irregular wave-induced pore pressure on seabed scour development around a verticle slender pile
This Masters' thesis reports on a large scale investigation of scour development around a slender pile under irregular JONSWAP spectrum wave loading to better understand the processes behind scour development and to determine if bed pore pressure response influences scour development. ^ A thorough background review of relevant scour-related topics is first presented. The scour dimensions and the pore pressure response in the sediment are functions of the wave climate, the average sediment grain size diameter, the relative density of the sediment and the internal friction angle. To the knowledge of the author, there are currently no directly applicable computational or empirical models for the specific case of sediment pore pressure response under irregular wave loading. ^ Physical properties of the fine sand used in the sediment bed were determined through a series of laboratory tests. There was some agreement between measured pore pressure response and an analytical model generated by Ulker et al. (2009). The model was used to estimate sediment saturation and to visualize the affects of different parameters in pore pressure response. ^ Water surface elevation, pore pressure response, depth of scour, pile vibrations, and bed velocities were compared near the pile and in the far field using the time series, frequency response spectra, and time series of specific frequency components. It was determined that observed pore pressure trends were not influencing scour development but were rather a result of the scour development and the water surface elevation. In particular, the pore pressure transducers exhibited larger fluctuations in pore pressure (both negative and positive) than for individual wave events alone. These pore pressures are thought to result from long period waves. As the scour near the pile deepened, the overburden of the transducers was decreased and the damping of the pressure response with depth was likewise reduced. There appeared to be no influence of the measured pore pressure on scour development. ^ Scour development was observed to be directly related to bed velocities resulting from individual passing waves. Long term trends in scour were observed to be related to ranges of bed velocities. Scour depth generally increased during time ranges of low bed velocities, stayed the same during medium velocities, and decreased during large bed velocities. This observed relationship appears to be counter-intuitive but can be explained by the increased live bed scour surrounding the pile during larger bed velocities. More live bed scour would create more suspended sediment in the water column so that between waves new sand, which originated from the surrounding bed, would be deposited in the scour hole. The entire flow regime is highly turbulent and as such there is not a direct relationship of increasing bed velocity resulting in increased rates of scour. Instead, the high turbulence during wave energy spectrum 4 causes large variably in that relationship due to the complex flow patterns and strong vortices which evolve. The time ranges of high bed velocities affecting scour are not a direct function of the water surface elevation due to the high turbulence around the pile and as such the bed velocities were looked at separately from the water surface elevation for trends in scour development. ^ These results show that, even in the very large wave flumes, the depth of the sediment is a significant limiting factor in understanding the pore pressure response for in-situ conditions. The pore pressure response was not observed to have influenced the development of scour for the tests conducted. As such, the scale effects of a finite sediment bed depth and pore pressure response will probably not affect the investigation of time rate of scour or depth of scour developed. The scale effects of a finite seabed depth in model testing should be investigated further in future model tests where the possibility exists for residual pore pressures. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) ^
Engineering, Marine and Ocean
Kevyn A Bollinger,
"Effect of irregular wave-induced pore pressure on seabed scour development around a verticle slender pile"
Dissertations and Master's Theses (Campus Access).


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Change lives. Change organizations. Change the world.
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Most observers agree that human consumption is on a crash course with the environment. Although recycling programs have been implemented in many cities around the world, people do not participate as often as they could. In this university podcast, Canadian scholar Kate White shares research examining the effectiveness of messages that highlight the negative consequences of not recycling (loss frames) versus those that emphasize the positive consequences of recycling (gain frames) in influencing people's behavior. The report finds that the effectiveness of one type of messaging over another depends on whether interventions activate concrete thinking, which focuses on behaviors (such as how one might go about recycling), or abstract thinking (such as why one might go about recycling). White spoke at The Science of Getting People to Do Good briefing held at Stanford University.
Kate White is associate professor of marketing at the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Her current teaching interests include principles of marketing, undergraduate buyer behavior, and MBA buyer behavior. White previously held teaching positions at both Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia. She completed her PhD at the University of British Columbia, her MA at the University of Waterloo, and her BA at Simon Fraser University.


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|Yorba Linda History|
|Home | Donations | Digital Collections | Map of Yorba Linda Historical Sites | Reproduction Policy | Timeline | Links to local historical societies | Yorba Linda Star index|
History of the Yorba Linda Public Library
Yorba Linda's first librarian, Gertrude Welch, celebrating Christmas with her uncle in 1910. The ostrich's name was "President Taft," and was the main attraction at a South Pasadena ostrich farm.
In April of 1913, Gertrude Welch thought that the people of Yorba Linda should have their own library. A citizen's group held a meeting and made plans to start a library. The Yorba Linda School District gave permission to put the library in a 300-square foot room in the grammar school on School Street.
The library was located in the Yorba Linda School on School street until 1916.
Volunteers installed bookshelves and helped to redecorate the room. Gertrude Welch herself donated sixty-three books to the new library, and the Yorba Linda Women's Club donated books and held "teas" to raise money.
The library opened on May 2, 1913. Books could be checked out for one week, and a fine of two cents a day was charged for overdue items. Only two books could be checked out at a time, one fiction and one nonfiction. The library was open on Tuesdays and Fridays from 3:00 PM to sunset.
The report for May of 1913, the first month the library was open was as follows:
On March 3, 1914, the Yorba Linda Library District, the first library district in California, was established and a board of trustees appointed by the Orange County Board of Supervisors. This allowed the library to raise tax money to purchase materials and provide better service.
The room in the schoolhouse continued to serve as the library for over three years. In December of 1916, a lot was purchased at the southeast corner of Valencia Street and Lemon Drive. A building was erected and the library relocated there in the late summer of 1917. Amanda Longnecker, Yorba Linda's first schoolteacher, was the librarian.
In the early 1920's, the library purchased and moved into a building that formerly housed a post office and general store on Olinda Street. The library remained there until 1960.
By 1958, the collection had grown to 13, 500 books and the library needed to expand. Unfortunately, the library building, which was constructed in 1916, could not be altered according to the county building code. The library district asked for a bond issue in order to build a new 6,000-square foot library. A library bond issue for $80,000 was passed on July 8, 1959 by a vote of 280 to 39.
Groundbreaker for the new library took place on Saturday, March 7, 1959. Hurless Barton, honorary mayor of Yorba Linda, presided over the event. The Dedication was held on February 7, 1960.
The library in the mid 1960's.
By 1970, there were about 55,000 books in the library, and the building was unable to accommodate the growing collection. A bond issue of $585,000 was passed and the library was enlarged with a three-level addition, which added 17,425-square feet. Dedication for the library addition was held on June 26, 1971.
In July of 1985, the Yorba Linda District Library was dissolved, and the library became a department of the city of Yorba Linda and was renamed the Yorba Linda Public Library.
Between 1990 and 1992, the library was again remodeled. The building was enlarged to 28, 530-square feet. Total cost for the project was $3,700,000 and was financed with existing revenue from the library and general and redevelopment agency funds. Mayor Irwin Fried officiated at the dedication ceremony on September 12, 1992. Assemblyman Mickey Conroy, Assemblyman Ross Johnson, State Senator John Lewis, and Orange County Supervisor Gaddi Vasquez also attended the ceremony.
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Paul Evans > Sentinel > Sentinel
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Module Version: 0.05 Source
Sentinel - create lightweight SCALARs with get/set callbacks
 package Some::Class;
 use Sentinel;
 sub foo :lvalue
 my $self = shift;
 sub bar :lvalue
 my $self = shift;
 sentinel value => $self->get_bar,
 set => sub { $self->set_bar( $_[0] ) };
 sub splot :lvalue
 sentinel obj => shift, get => \&get_splot, set => \&set_splot;
 sub wibble :lvalue
 sentinel obj => shift, get => "get_wibble", set => "set_wibble";
This module provides a single lvalue function, sentinel, which yields a scalar that invoke callbacks to get or set its value. Primarily this is useful to create lvalue object accessors or other functions, to invoke actual code when a new value is set, rather than simply updating a scalar variable.
$scalar = sentinel %args
Returns (as an lvalue) a scalar with magic attached to it. This magic is used to get the value of the scalar, or to inform of a new value being set, by invoking callback functions supplied to the sentinel. Takes the following named arguments:
get => CODE
A CODE reference or obj method name to invoke when the value of the scalar is read, to obtain its value. The value returned from this code will appear as the value of the scalar.
set => CODE
A CODE reference or obj method name to invoke when a new value for the scalar is written. The code will be passed the new value as its only argument.
value => SCALAR
If no get callback is provided, this value is given as the initial value of the scalar. If the scalar manages to survive longer than a single assignment, its value on read will retain the last value set to it.
obj => SCALAR
Optional value to pass as the first argument into the get and set callbacks. If this value is provided, then the get and set callbacks may be given as direct sub references to object methods, or simply method names, rather than closures that capture the referent object. This avoids the runtime overhead of creating lots of small one-use closures around the object.
A useful behaviour of this module is generation of mutation accessor methods that automatically wrap get_/set_ accessor/mutator pairs:
 foreach (qw( name address age height )) {
 my $name = $_;
 no strict'refs';
 *$name = sub :lvalue {
 sentinel obj => shift, get => "get_$name", set => "set_$name";
This is especially useful for methods whose values are simple strings or numbers, because they allow Perl's rich set of mutation operators to be applied to the object's values.
 $obj->name =~ s/-/_/g;
 substr( $obj->address, 100 ) = "";
 $obj->height /= 100;
If an XS compiler is available at build time, this module is implemented using XS. If not, it falls back on an implementation using a tied scalar. A pureperl installation can also be requested at build time by passing the --pp argument to Build.PL:
 $ perl Build.PL --pp
 $./Build
With thanks to leont, Zefram, and others from for assisting with trickier bits of XS logic. Thanks to mst for suggesting a pureperl implementation for XS-challenged systems.
Paul Evans <>
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to t_station by the
foreign keys trip_code and station_no.
Several types of plankton stations involve multiple units of gear,
each with their own mesh size and wire winches. In such cases,
details of these gears are recorded in the table t_gear_unit (Table
7), and are linked to t_station by the foreign keys trip_code and
station_no. The default for a single gear unit is for all data to be
recorded in t_station.
Samples of fish eggs are taken from each tow and are staged under
a microscope (by the number of cell divisions that have taken place).
The table t_eggs (Table 8) records the counts of the number of eggs
for each stage as collected for each sample from each catch.
Samples of the total catch from the plankton tow are also sampled
to determine the relative abundance of species. These abundance data
are recorded in the table t_abund (Table 9). This includes abundance
of fish, salps, zooplankton and microzooplankton.


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CEE Headquarters: Effectively managing a fragmented growth region
CEE has become a major growth region with high relevance across sectors – especially for Western European companies. However, the high complexity of the region makes management difficult. Due to its fragmentation, CEE requires different management approaches than Western Europe.
The objectives of this study are to understand current trends in CEE management, to show successful approaches across sectors, to define different models of management, and to make clear recommendations for structuring the region.
In this study you find answers to the following guiding questions:
- (How) does the economic development of CEE impact the regional approaches for management in the region?
- How/from where should the region be managed/consolidated?
- What is the best organizational structure at country level per industry?
- What relevance do shared service centers play in CEE?