1. The speed in meters per second the attached GameObject will move in on the X, Y and Z axes.
 2. The space the movement will take place in, either World or Self. The World space transforms a GameObject in Unity's world space, ignoring the rotation of the GameObject, while Self considers the rotation of the GameObject in its calculations.
Now, add the following to Update:
transform.Translate(movementSpeed * Time.deltaTime, space);
This is what actually moves the GameObject by using a translation, that's a geometric term that means to transform a point by a distance in a given direction. Basically, it means to move GameObjects in the context of Unity.
The Translate method takes two parameters: The first is the direction and speed, while the second is the space in which the movement happens. The movement is multiplied by Time.deltaTime to perform a smooth movement over an amount of time.
Save this script and return to the editor. Add a Move component to Hay Bale, set its Movement Speed to (X:0, Y:0, Z:20) and leave Space set to World.
Now, play the scene and you'll see the hay bale flying towards the bridges and off the screen, great!
Drag Hay Bale into the RW/Prefabs folder to make it into a prefab and delete the original from the Hierarchy. You'll now be able to reference this prefab to create more whenever you want.
To make the hay machine shoot out the bales, you'll need to do some scripting. Open the HayMachine script and add the following variable declarations right above Start:
public GameObject hayBalePrefab; // 1
public Transform haySpawnpoint; // 2
public float shootInterval; // 3
private float shootTimer; // 4
Here's a brief explanation of the variables:
 1. Reference to the Hay Bale prefab.
 2. The point from which the hay will to be shot.
 3. The smallest amount of time between shots. This prevents the player from being able to spam the shoot button and fill the screen with bales of hay.
 4. A timer that decreases steadily to keep track whether the machine can shoot or not.
Now, add the ShootHay method below UpdateMovement:
private void ShootHay()
 Instantiate(hayBalePrefab, haySpawnpoint.position, Quaternion.identity);
The Instantiate method creates an instance of a given prefab or GameObject and places it in the scene. It takes three parameters: a prefab or GameObject, a position and a rotation. In this case, the reference to the Hay Bale prefab is used to create an instance with its initial position set to the same as the haySpawnpoint Transform. Quaternion.identity is used for the rotation, this is the default rotation value and is similar to Vector3.Zero as it sets the rotation to (X:0, Y:0, Z:0).
To call the code above, you'll need some code to poll for input. Add the following method just above ShootHay:
private void UpdateShooting()
 shootTimer -= Time.deltaTime; // 1
 if (shootTimer <= 0 && Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space)) // 2
 shootTimer = shootInterval; // 3
 ShootHay(); // 4
Here's what this block of code does:
 1. Subtract the time between the previous frame and the current one from shootTimer, this will decrease its value by 1 every second.
 2. If the value of shootTimer is equal to or less than 0 and the space bar is pressed in...
 3. Reset the shoot timer.
 4. Shoot a bale of hay!
Lastly, add this line to Update, right below UpdateMovement();:
This calls the method above every frame.
Now, save this script and return to the editor. Select Hay Machine in the Hierarchy, unfold it by clicking the arrow to its left and take a look at the Inspector.
The new public variables you just added have become fields that can be assigned. Drag Hay Bale from RW\Prefabs onto the Hay Bale Prefab slot, drag Hay Machine's child Hay Spawnpoint onto the Hay Spawnpoint slot and set Shoot Interval to 0.8.
Now, save the scene and click the play button. Move the hay machine around with the arrow keys and shoot some hay using the space bar!
Everything should be working like the GIF above.
You may have noticed the bales never get destroyed and keep flying off endlessly into nothingness.
To fix this, you'll make smart use of triggers, tags and a line or two of code.
Tags and Reacting to Physics
To identify types of GameObjects, you can use tags. Tags are reference words like "Player" or "Collectible" you can assign to GameObjects to easily find them and differentiate them from other GameObjects. You can use any word or short sentence as a tag.
Creating a new tag is pretty easy, select Edit ► Project Settings... in the top menu and open the Tags and Layers tab in the Project Settings window. Now expand the Tags list and you'll notice the project already comes with two tags pre-loaded: DestroyHay and DropSheep.
Click the + button below the Tags list, name the new tag Hay and click the Save button to add this new tag to the list.
With the Hay tag added, close the Project Settings window and select Hay Bale in the RW\Prefabs folder. Open the Tag dropdown right below the name field and select Hay.
Now the difference between the bales of hay and other GameObjects is clear, you can add an area that destroys the hay when it comes into contact with it. Add a new empty GameObject to the Hierarchy and name it Triggers. Reset its Transform and add an empty GameObject as its child. Name this child Hay Destroyer.
Select Hay Destroyer, set its position to (X:0, Y:4, Z:68) and add a Box Collider to it. Check the Is Trigger checkbox on the Box Collider and set its Size to (X:60, Y:8, Z:12). Next, change the tag of Hay Destroyer to DestroyHay. You should now see a huge box-shaped collider appear in the Scene view, right outside of the camera's view.
Now, in order for this trigger to destroy any hay, you'll need to write yet another utility script. Create a new C# script inside RW\Scripts, name it DestroyOnTrigger and open it in a code editor. Remove the Start and Update methods completely and add this variable declaration in their place:
public string tagFilter;
This string will allow you to enter the name of any tag that will destroy this GameObject.
Now, add this method below the variable you just added:
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) // 1
 if (other.CompareTag(tagFilter)) // 2
 Destroy(gameObject); // 3
Here's what's going on:
 1. OnTriggerEnter is a MonoBehaviour function, it's one of the special methods the Unity engine calls in specific circumstances. In this case, OnTriggerEnter gets called when a GameObject with a Rigidbody and a Collider enters the trigger area of a GameObject.
 2. Check if the GameObject that enters the trigger has the tag defined in tagFilter.
 3. Destroy the GameObject this script is attached to.
Save this script and return to the editor. Time to test it out!
Select Hay Bale in RW\Prefabs, add a Destroy On Trigger component and change Tag Filter to DestroyHay.
Now press the play button and try shooting some hay again. You'll notice any hay that hits the Hay Destroyer instantly gets obliterated.
Now that you have full control over the hay machine and its projectiles, it's time to introduce some fluffy friends.
Sheep Scripting
In the game you're creating, a bunch of sheep are panicking and running towards you, stopping at nothing. Unfortunately for them, that includes the ledge just behind the machine, yikes!
To start off, create a new empty GameObject in the Hierarchy and name it Sheep. Reset its Transform, set its Y rotation to 180 and add both a Box Collider and a Rigidbody. Check the Is Trigger checkbox of the Box Collider and change its Center and Size to (X:0, Y:1.4, Z:-0.3) and (X:2.5, Y:2, Z:4), respectively. Finally, check the Is Kinematic checkbox on the Rigidbody.
The Sheep should now look like this in the Inspector:
Now, drag the Sheep model from RW\Models onto Sheep to give it some visuals. Name the GameObject you just added Sheep Model, reset its Transform and set its X rotation to -90 so its head comes out of the ground.
Much better!
This sheep is now ready to be scripted!
Note: Up until now, you have created generic scripts that can be reused for any GameObject, or even other projects. The script you're about to write is a lot more specific because its interactions are quite unique and will get more complicated over time as you add more features to the game.
Create a new C# script named Sheep in RW\Scripts and open it in a code editor.
To get started, the sheep simply needs to run forward and disappear when it gets hit by a hay bale. Add the following variable declarations right above Start:
public float runSpeed; // 1
public float gotHayDestroyDelay; // 2
private bool hitByHay; // 3
Here's what these are for:
 1. The speed in meter per second that the sheep will run.
 2. The delay in seconds before the sheep gets destroyed after it got hit by hay.
 3. A Boolean that gets set


Assume we are dealing with a programming language that has support for linear types (terms of linear type can be used at most once, so to say). This allows for treating some computational effects (such as mutation, even changing the type of the operand) in a way that is problematic for languages, the type systems of which operate only on "eternal truths".
Many data structures can be characterized with inductive types (lists and trees are canonical examples). If we add linear inductive types to the mix, we can also handle mutable data structures.
However, it is not clear to me how to represent data structures that exhibit sharing and cyclic references in a programming language with linear types (examples of such data structures are DAGs and other graphs, represented by adjacency lists or something else, cyclic lists). Can we do that? If it isn't possible, in which way should we extend the language so as to accommodate such data structures?
The most involved example I've found so far is a doubly-linked list. Are there other examples?
Linearity is not a sufficient constraint to pin down a unique stateful representation, and so the answer to your question depends on how you interpret linear logic in terms of state. This will typically be reflected in how you must interpret the $!A$ modality.
If your intended semantics of references says that all pointers are unique values (i.e., there is at most a single reference to an object) then dags and graph structures are not expressible, for the sort of tautological reason that a dag may contain multiple references to the same object. In this case, $!A$ must be a computation which creates a new value of type $A$, since you want maps $\delta_A :!A \multimap!A \otimes!A$ and $\epsilon_A :!A \multimap A$.
However, suppose that you want $!A$ to represent sharing. Then, objects can be garbage-collected with reference counting, with the maps $\delta_A :!A \multimap!A \otimes!A$ and $\epsilon_A :!A \multimap A$ can be realized as operations which just bump reference counts. In this case, you can't use linearity to assume that it's always safe to mutate values, since there's sharing. But you can ensure that all memory allocation is explicit in your program, and that there are no cycles in the heap.
Most practical implementations of linear types use neither of these two interpretations. Instead, references are viewed as freely duplicable entities, and what we track linearly are in fact capabilities. Capabilities are not runtime values; they are purely conceptual entities which are intended to represent the permission to access a reference. The idea is that you program in a permission-passing style, and so even if there are many references to the same object, a read or modification of a piece of state can only occur if you also have the capability to access it. And since the capability is linear, you know that only you can change it.
$$ \array{ \mathsf{new} & : & \forall \alpha. \;\alpha \multimap \exists c : \iota. \mathsf{cap}(c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c) \\ \mathsf{get} & : & \forall \alpha, c:\iota. \;\mathsf{cap}(c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c) \multimap \alpha \otimes \mathsf{cap}(c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c) \\ \mathsf{set} & : & \forall \alpha, c:\iota. \;\mathsf{cap}(c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c) \otimes \alpha \multimap \mathsf{cap}(c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c) \\ \mathsf{copy} & : & \forall \alpha, c:\iota.\; \mathsf{ref}(\alpha,c) \multimap \mathsf{ref}(\alpha,c) \otimes \mathsf{ref}(\alpha,c) } $$
In the API sketched above, $c$ ranges over $\iota$, some domain of compile-time indices, and $\alpha$ ranges over types. We have a type $\mathsf{cap}(c)$ which is a capability indexed by $c$, and a type $\mathsf{ref}(\alpha, c)$, which is a type of references to $\alpha$ accessed by a capability $c$. Calling $\mathsf{get}$ and $\mathsf{set}$ on a reference requires the capability $c$, and calling $\mathsf{new}$ creates a new reference and a new capability sharing a common index. However, $\mathsf{copy}$-ing a reference does not require access to any capability, so anyone can copy a reference as long as they don't look inside it.
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for a thought-provoking answer. I'm interested though, is there a (technical) distinction between aliasing and sharing? Are there any systems that can gradually go from linear (at most one reference) to shared by at most n references to shared in an unrestricted manner? $\endgroup$ – user3722 Feb 10 '11 at 15:20
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ 1. Aliasing and sharing are synonyms. 2. Yes, capability-style interpretations, augmented with Boyland's fractional permissions permit this. See also Pottier's recent work on capability calculi for theory, and Aldrich and Bierhof's work on Plural for implementation. $\endgroup$ – Neel Krishnaswami Feb 10 '11 at 19:22
Your Answer


text:
Adrian Hazzard was a member of the 2010 cohort, and his thesis defined a framework for the composition of dynamic musical listening experiences that respond to spatial exploration.
Whilst this work focused on locative, real-world, walking experiences there are also rich opportunities to transfer these guidelines to other 'virtual' media experiences that also engage with 'space' and 'music', namely computer games and virtual reality, with the latter currently receiving significant industry and academic investment.
To date, the application of these guidelines has yet to be adopted beyond the author, so therefore this research impact project therefore intends to both propagate the guidelines and provide opportunities for their adoption and scrutiny by a range of practitioners.
Adrian will therefore use this impact grant to:
- Develop a set of targeted workshops or negotiated activities with recruited practitioners to scrutinise, develop and further extend the existing guidelines, which include the exploration of symbolic representation (notation) of dynamic musical experiences. These will take place between October and December 2017.
- Facilitate opportunities to apply the guidelines within new public experiences from 3-4 commissioned practitioners. An emerging collaboration is to stage an annual computer game and film music festival across multiple sites in Nottingham, and to deliver a range of exploratory public experiences including the University of Nottingham, the National Videogame Arcade and the Nottingham Royal Centre, during early Spring 2018.
- Chart and disseminate the activities on a publicly accessible online portal that contains both resources and guidance for composers, alongside a record of the experiences that utilise them (to be completed in March 2017).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Locus of Control refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them. Individuals with a high internal locus of control believe that events result primarily from their own behaviour and actions. Those with a high external locus of control believe that powerful others, fate, or chance primarily determine events. Those with a high internal locus of control have better control of their behaviour and tend to exhibition more political behaviours than externals and are more likely to attempt to influence other people; they are more likely to assume that their efforts will be successful. They are more active in seeking information and knowledge concerning their situation than do externals. The propensity to engage in political behaviour is stronger for individuals who have a high internal locus of control than for those who have a high external locus of control.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


To answer the question, Year 2 designed and made their own parachute in their group of 4. They had to make sure it was going to be a fair test – which means only one thing can be changed – everything else must stay the same. In this case, we changed the size of the parachutes.
Once our parachutes were made, we tested them from the Year 6 balcony. We found out that larger parachutes fall to the ground slower than smaller parachutes!
Take a look at one group below!
Watch the YouTube video below to learn more about parachutes and how they work.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
What did you enjoy about the parachute experiment?
What did you learn from the experiment?
About Miss Ashley Azzopardi
10 Responses to Parachutes!
 1. R.K says:
 dear year two
 i really liked how the little parachute went fast and i like how the big parachute went slow.
 2. D.I says:
 Dear Year Two,
 I learnt that the big parachute came down second because it has a bigger area.
 If the parachute has a larger area, more air puses up the bigger area of the parachute and keeps it in the air for a longer time. Both the small and the big parachute slowed down the pulling force of gravity, but the bigger one slowed it down for a longer time.
 Kind Regards,
 - Dear D.I,
 You are right! The bigger parachute came down slower than the smaller parachute because more air was pushing up on the larger area and gravity pulled both of the parachutes down.
 Kind regards,
 Miss Azzopardi
 3. S.L says:
 Dear year two,
 I have learnt that the large parachute is the slowest parachute of the force.
 Also I have learnt that the smallest parachute went the fastest.
 Kind regards
 4. N.S says:
 Dear year two,
 I have learnt that the large parachute is the slowest because there's more air.
 It was very fun!
 Kind regards
 5. S.L says:
 Dear year two,
 It was fun when we dropped those parachutes!Did you know I was extreme dizzy!
 6. D.K says:
 Dear year two,
 It was fun drooping the parachutes!!
 Kind regards D.K
 7. D.K says:
 Dear year two,
 Lernt that the bigger parachutes went down slower when we dropped them
 Kind regards D.K
 8. A.B says:
 Dear Year Two,
 I enjoyed making the parachute. I loved dropping the parachuts from the year 6 railing.It was a really fun day! I learnt how parachuts fly.I also learnt that the larger parachute was slower because it had more air.
 Kind Reguardes
 9. Raphael says:
 Dear year two fantastic experimenting with a little parachute and a big one. Hope everyone does more experimenting in the future.
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text:
Empowering men to become successful people of significance, integrity, and character
Eliakim Thorpe; Author, Speaker, Thought-Leader, Entrepreneur, Business Consultant, and Life Architect again joins Enterprise Radio. He is promoting the message of empowering men to become successful people of significance, integrity, and character.
- What prompted you to write the book "Transforming a Life of Struggle into One of F.O.R.T.U.N.E."?
- Why did you write this book specifically geared towards men?
- Throughout the message of book, you transparently talk about your struggles and how you were able to discover 7 characteristics (F.O.R.T.U.N.E.) that helped shape who you are today. What are these 7 characteristics you discovered that you live by? & Why do you believe these are important attributes to have?
- In the book, you highlight the importance of men being great and significant versus just pursuing success. Why do you believe men should strive to be great and significant?
- What is your hope or vision for people who read this book?
Do you want to know specific formulas to turn struggle into success? Are you an individual who has been successful but feels there is something greater you must accomplish? In my new book, Transforming a Life of Struggle into One of F.O.R.T.U.N.E., I reveal my insights into becoming a man of significance.
A recent press release states: "Eliakim Thorpe's message empowers and enlightens men from all walks of life, especially at-risk youth who are struggling to find their purpose, develop character, and enhance their lives spiritually. Mr. Thorpe is an author, speaker, thought leader, entrepreneur, business consultant, and life architect."
In addition, Eliakim is President and Co-Founder of "Let's Talk About It," an organization which serves neglected and abused youth, and is a Foundation Director of "Someday Challenge," whose objective is to create a better world through passionate living and heartfelt giving.


text:
How did the inflation targeting policy of Norges Bank impact the 2008 financial crisis?
MetadataShow full item record
- Master Thesis
The present thesis analyzes the impact of the Norwegian inflation targeting regime on the 2008 financial crisis. A series of macroeconomic indicators are used to evaluate the usefulness of inflation as a proxy for economic activity. I find that a combination of rapidly increasing prices in housing and stock markets, combined with increasing export prices and declining import prices have led to an exceptionally large gap between pressure in the economy and the inflation rate. Consequently, the central bank ought to have pursued a tighter monetary policy, to limit vulnerability to new shocks.


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Let $A = \{1,\ldots,n\}^2$, for some $n \in \mathbb{N}$. We define a partial order on $A$ by $(a,b) \leq (c,d)$ when $a \leq c$ and $b \leq d$. What is the number of ascending non-degenerate (all points are different) chains of length $k$, for relevant $k$.
Help please...
This is not a homework assignment, but just a question of interest.
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 1 down vote accepted
This is equivalent to the number of paths from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$ allowing -anylattice steps that move closer to $(n,n)$ (this takes into account'repeated points in the chain). Another way of saying this is integer compositions of $(n,n)$ (adding any sequence of pairs from $(i,j)$, where $i,j$ can run independently from 0 to $n$, but at least one is greater than 0).
The recurrence for $F(n,m,k)$ is $$ F(m,n,k) = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \sum_{j=0}^{m-1} F(i,j,k-1) + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} F(i,m,k-1)+ \sum_{j=0}^{m-1} F(n,j,k-1) $$ which converts to
$$ \begin{eqnarray} F(0,0,0) &=& 1\\ F(n,m,0) &=& 0\\ F(n,m,k) &=& F(n,m-1,k) + F(n-1,m,k) - F(n-1, m-1,k) +\\ && F(n,m-1,k-1) + F(n-1,m,k-1) - F(n-1, m-1,k-1) \end{eqnarray} $$
The following table is for $\sum_{k\ge0} F(n,m,k)$:
1 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
1 3 8 20 48 112 _PHONE_
2 8 26 76 _PHONE_ 3392
4 20 76 _PHONE_ 6080
8 48 _PHONE_ 8016
16 _PHONE_ 8016
32 _PHONE_ 6080
64 _PHONE_
_PHONE_
with main diagonal: $$ 1, 3, 26, 252, 2568, 26928, 287648, _PHONE_,... $$
the number of paths to $(n,n)$ of any length (1 to 2n), which is OEIS sequence A02141, closely related to the central Delannoy numbers({OEIS A001850](_URL_
The original question, for the table $F(n,n,k)$ for those paths of length $k$, this is given by OEIS A059576.
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Thank you very much! I've lost hope for this question already :) – shamovic Jul 12 '11 at 21:56
Let F(m,n,k) be the number of ascending chains of length k in $\{1,...,m\} \times \{1,...n\}$. Note that since the partial order satisfies $(a,b) \le (a,b)$, an ascending chain should be allowed to include points repeated arbitrarily many times. By first-step analysis, $F(m,n,k) = \sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{j=1}^n F(i,j,k-1)$, with $F(m,n,0) = 1$. I get $F(m,n,k) = {m+k-1 \choose k} {n+k-1 \choose k}$.
Or did you want to disallow repeated points in the chain? That would make things more complicated.
share|improve this answer
I think repeated points are disallowed. Though I haven't mentioned it specifically. I'll edit the question. Thanks however Robert, it is a good point we didn't think of. – shamovic Mar 22 '11 at 19:43
At the peril of answering someone else's homework problem...
Think of a chain as a sequence of moves of length 1 in either the first or second of the pair. A move of 1 in the first we designate by 0, in the second by 1. an ascending chain of length $k$ is then any such binary sequence of length $k$. Since there are no restrictions on these binary strings, there is a one-to-one correspondence between chains of length $k$ and binary sequences of length $k$, or $2^k$.
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Does this work? I'm not entirely convinced, what you've described is the number of paths of length $k$ in $2$-tree. Unless ascending chain has a stricter definition than I'm aware of, I don't see why (1,1)->(1,n) is invalid. – JSchlather Mar 21 '11 at 21:26
Thanks for the answer, but as Jacob said, the elements in the chains need not be adjacent... My first thought as well :) – shamovic Mar 22 '11 at 14:08
_USER_: OK. Well then, I answered -somequestion :) – Mitch Mar 22 '11 at 17:00
I put a little bit of thought into this and came up with some not very helpful formulas, but maybe you'd like to see them. Let $A,n,\leq$ be as defined in your question. Suppose that $F(n,k,a,b)$ is the number of ascending chains in $A$ starting at $(a,b)$ and $F(n,k)$ is the number of ascending chains in $A$ of length $k$. Then we may define $F$ recursively, let $C:=\{(c,d) \in A: (a,b)\leq (c,d) \} $ $$F(n,k,a,b)=\sum_{(c,d) \in C} F(n,k-1,c,d).$$
Clearly $F(n,0,a,b)=1$ and we may also deduce without too much work that $F(n,1,a,b)=(n-a+1)(n-b+1)-1$, that is we have (n-a+1) numbers greater than or equal to a in our set and likewise for b, but we can't use (a,b) so we have to subtract 1. Using that formula I can calculate $F(n,1)$ but the result isn't very pretty. Also note that for $k>2n-2, F(n,k)=0$, since the longest a chain can be is $2n-2$.
It's plausible that I'm looking at the problem the wrong way, but I couldn't get anywhere past the $k=1$ case calculating directly and I don't find the recurrence that much more useful. And while I can relate $F(n,k,a,b)$ to $F(n,k-1),c,d)$ in a reasonable manner, I don't see any "neat" way to relate $F(n,k)$ and $F(n,k-1)$ without invoking the previous relation.
share|improve this answer
Thanks Jacob, We've reached the same breaking point before I've posted the question here. It seems that recursion can't be resolved easily. Maybe our thought that the solution should be rather trivial is wrong :) – shamovic Mar 22 '11 at 19:41
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Wednesday, January 11, 2012
'Children's Chorus'
A prompt from We Write Poems: Congregate.
'Children's Chorus'
They are a part of something really grand -
They know this much as they fill up the stage,
The little ones are just six years of age,
It might be hard for them to understand,
Or maybe not. In simple black and white
They stand like one. Aware of their cause,
They hold their breath, before takeoff they pause,
All eyes on her… And then her hands take flight -
And music starts.
Live for the Love of it,
The Happy Amateur
 1. I understand that feeling very well. Choirs are great for togetherness.
 2. My daughter joined a choir not long ago, and it's been a wonderful experience. I'm so happy for her. Thank you for the comment, Viv.
 3. Singing in a choir is a special feeling, and you have described it well, Happy.
 4. Thank you, Pamela, I haven't sung in a choir :-( but my daughter, a chorister, approved of my poem :-)
 5. Choirs are very nurturing experiences for kids usually and you've captured that with your poem... nicely done


text:
- Statistical RNA Secondary Structure Sampling Based on a Length-Dependent SCFG Model (2012)
- One of the fundamental problems in computational structural biology is the prediction of RNA secondary structures from a single sequence. To solve this problem, mainly two different approaches have been used over the past decades: the free energy minimization (MFE) approach which is still considered the most popular and successful method and the competing stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) approach. While the accuracy of the MFE based algorithms is limited by the quality of underlying thermodynamic models, the SCFG method abstracts from free energies and instead tries to learn about the structural behavior of the molecules by training the grammars on known real RNA structures, making it highly dependent on the availability of a rich high quality training set. However, due to the respective problems associated with both methods, new statistics based approaches towards RNA structure prediction have become increasingly appreciated. For instance, over the last years, several statistical sampling methods and clustering techniques have been invented that are based on the computation of partition functions (PFs) and base pair probabilities according to thermodynamic models. A corresponding SCFG based statistical sampling algorithm for RNA secondary structures has been studied just recently. Notably, this probabilistic method is capable of producing accurate (prediction) results, where its worst-case time and space requirements are equal to those of common RNA folding algorithms for single sequences. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive study on how enriching the underlying SCFG by additional information on the lengths of generated substructures (i.e. by incorporating length-dependencies into the SCFG based sampling algorithm, which is actually possible without significant losses in performance) affects the reliability of the induced RNA model and the accuracy of sampled secondary structures. As we will see, significant differences with respect to the overall quality of generated sample sets and the resulting predictive accuracy are typically implied. In principle, when considering the more specialized length-dependent SCFG model as basis for statistical sampling, a higher accuracy of predicted foldings can be reached at the price of a lower diversity of generated candidate structures (compared to the more general traditional SCFG variant or sampling based on PFs that rely on free energies).


text:
250 years ago the city contained only "Altstadt" and the "Neustadt" of nowadays. From 1821 to 1848 the population of Bremen increased from 54,000 to 78,000 and more and more inhabitants settled at the outskirts. Since the building of the train station (1847), the expanding of the harbours in the northwest of the city (1888) and the industrialisation after the fall of the custom barriers the city area and the population increased extremly. Until 1905 261,000 people lived in Bremen. Unlike other cities Bremen did not build tenement houses but developed the typical "Bremer Haus". 1939 had 450,000 inhabitans. It was not until the bombs destroyed the old houses in the World War 2 that architects started to build apartment houses and skyscrapers (Osterholz-Tenever).
Additional information concerning Bremen:


text:
1 Answer | Add Yours
In other questions that you have asked, you have been mainly concerned with fashion. Therefore, I will answer this question with respect to fashion.
The main reason why the information contained in the artwork of this time is reliable is because it is contemporary. When people paint pictures that depict their own time, they are much more likely to get the clothing styles right than they would be if they painted pictures that were set 50 or 100 years previous. To the extent that the artwork is set in contemporary times, it is a reliable source for what people wore.
However, there are at least two main reasons why the artwork may not be completely reliable. First, it was not painted mainly as a way to document fashion. Instead, it was painted in part for aesthetic reasons. This means that paintings might show people wearing things that the painter likes rather than things they actually wore. Second, the artwork was typically painted for rich patrons of the arts. This meant that it portrayed mainly upper class people. Therefore, it might not be reliable as a depiction of what regular people wore on a daily basis.
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text:
Rocket 4D Very Large Volume EvaporatorSource: Genevac Inc.
The Rocket Evaporator uses patented vacuum technology to evaporate solutions to dryness, or a concentrate, rapidly and safely.
The Rocket Evaporator uses patented vacuum technology to evaporate solutions to dryness, or a concentrate, rapidly and safely. Two models are offered: the Rocket itself, which evaporates samples in flasks, tubes, or a variety of innovative Genevac sample holders; and the Rocket 4D, designed to evaporate large sample volumes, with auto feed if required. The split cutaway illustration, showing part of the Rocket 4D on the left and the Rocket on the right, highlights their distinct and common features.
Using a single, common, oil-free vacuum pump, the Rocket creates two vacuum environments: a low vacuum causes the solvents in the sample to boil at a low temperature, often below 0°C; a second vacuum environment boils deionized water to make low temperature, low pressure steam. The temperature of the steam heating the vessel or flasks in the Rocket is controlled in this way; while the temperature of the aluminum outer chamber is also carefully controlled at the user's set temperature.
Features of the Rocket 4D:
- Removable 316 stainless steel vessel – holds up to 5 liters of sample (batch mode), or can be used to evaporate larger samples with auto feed.
- Auto feed coupling enables large volumes of solvent to be fed into the evaporation vessel under control of the evaporator, to ensure safe, rapid evaporation or concentration.
- Autofeed option with sample feed via center of inner lid.
- Auto-draining frost-free solvent condenser collects all solvents as liquids. Plastic coated glass for safety and visibility.
- Easy to use controls. Select the method for the solvents to be evaporated set the maximum safe temperature and start.
- USB upload of new methods and software and download of recorded data.
- Built in second condenser for most volatile solvents.
- Waste solvent drains.
- High power heaters with temperature control for outer chamber.
- Outer chamber


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Reading Photographs: Snow Day
How carefully do you look at photos? Often, photographs and other visual primary sources come with captions that say when they were created and what they portray. But what if a picture isn't captioned? How can you figure out its date?
Examine the photo below carefully. (To see a larger version of the photo, click "Snow Day Photo" in the box on the left.) Then answer these questions about what you see.


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A Pygmy Skulltula is an enemy encountered exclusively in Twilight Princess. They are just like regular Skulltulas, except they are smaller and hang from thinner webs. Additionally, this version of the Skulltula only appears within the Forest Temple.
Link first encounters a Pygmy Skulltula inside the Forest Temple, where it drops from the ceiling when he attempts to jump over a small gap. With it there, Link cannot cross the gap. Instead, he can kill it by edging forward, and once the spider drops, he can detach it from its web by using either the Slingshot or Sword. Once detached from its web, the Skulltula drops into the water and is killed.


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Learn About Thinking Activities
Thinking activities are used to tap learners' prior knowledge by giving them an opportunity to create lists, make predictions, and use analogies. By using these activities, learners are put in control of their learning and allowed to make personal connections to new content.
Making organized lists that rank items in an order that makes sense to the learner is one way to help learners organize what they know as way of tapping prior knowledge. The Visual Ranking Tool*:
- Is an online thinking tool for ordering and prioritizing items in a list
- Helps learners analyze and evaluate criteria for their decisions
- Compares reasoning visually to promote collaboration and discussion
With the use of this tool, learners can use prior knowledge at the beginning of a project or lesson to rank items and then see how their new knowledge expands their viewpoint over the course of learning.
Example Visual Ranking List:
Working in pairs, learners are given a list of animals and asked which one most resembles a human. They use Visual Ranking to put the animals into order, ranking them on their human-like qualities.
This Visual Ranking list comes from the Project Idea: Classify Animals*.
To Page 2 of 2 | Next >
< Return to Tapping Prior Knowledge


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Help kids practice their counting skills with this printable counting to eight (8) worksheet that has a fun birds theme. This worksheet will be a great addition to any numbers or counting lesson plan as well as any birds themed lesson plan. On this worksheet, kids are asked to count the number of cardinals and circle the correct number (eight) at the bottom of the page.
View and Print Your Birds Themed Counting Worksheet
All worksheets on this site were done personally by our family. Please do not reproduce any of our content on your own site without direct permission. We welcome you to link directly to any pages on our site without specific permission. We also welcome any feedback, ideas or anything you want to share with us - just email us at _EMAIL_.


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From Zappa Wiki Jawaka
Like the catalog number, the ISRC and the EAN code, the matrix number is an additional information which can help to identify a sound recording. It consists of engraved (and/or printed) characters located around the label of a vinyl record. By extension, the terms "matrix numbers" may also refer to the complete sequence of codes visible around the inner circle of a CD. These characters and codes are used by the factories in the stages of records pressing.
It is important to notice that:
- several records manufactured in the same series usually have exactly the same matrix numbers, this is not a unique identifier for each individual item
- records containing different sound masters might have same matrix number, so this might not be a unique and infallible way to distinguish different versions
- reversely, records having exactly the same content can have different matrix numbers
Definition from the Elektra Master Discography FAQ by Andy Finney, August 2006:
- "When a vinyl disc was made, the first stage (after recording the music of course) was to cut an [sic] master disc, usually on an oversized disc made of aluminium coated in acetate or lacquer. A heated stylus (sometimes cooled by helium) would literally cut the groove of the disc into the lacquer and this master would be coated, electroplated (usually more than once) and finally stamped in a steam-heated press to produce the vinyl disc. In order to identify the acetate disc used to make a particular disc the cutting engineer would inscribe or stamp a reference number into the surface of the cut disc, between the end of the music and the space for the label. This is where the run-out-groove or scroll would be. Often this so-called Matrix Number would just be the disc catalogue number with A or B or 1 or 2 after it to show which side. Sometimes obliterated matrix numbers on discs can show changed release schedules.
Some companies (such as EMI on discs such as the 1960s Beatles albums) decoupled matrix numbers from catalogue numbers although there would almost always be a listing of the matrix number on the disc label. Even in these cases the matrix for the 'A' side would be lower than that for the 'B' side. In this way you can often identify discs where the A and B sides have been 'flipped'. Other information would sometimes be added to denote the pressing plant (many Elektra discs have this since individual LPs were pressed in more than one plant across the US) or give a sequence number to the cut or stamper. In the 1970s it became the fashion for disc cutting engineers to'sign' their matrixes. (An example being Porky's Prime Cut') Sometimes cryptic remarks would be inscribed, and on one notorious occasion an Elvis Costello album had a message in the run-out asking people to phone the record company press officer and claim a prize! (But I digress.)
Elektra albums usually had matrix number consisting of the catalogue number and the side, but the 10-inch discs had JH numbers."
For instance, the matrix numbers engraved on Baby Snakes BPR 1115 side 1 are P. BPR-1115-AS-RC1 (1) Dinkum
The following paragraphs are illustrated with Francesco Zappa RCD 10546 which matrix numbers are IFPI 2U3Q WEA mfg. OLYPHANT ifpi L901 W6063 A4 P2 310546-2 01 M1S1
The SID Code is an anti-piracy standard defined by the IFPI and Philips in order to track the source of optical discs mastering and replication. The use of SID Codes started in 1994 and grew until nowadays it has become almost systematic.
Since not all plants have both mastering and replication facilities, two identification codes have been implemented:
- the Mastering SID Code that identifies the plant that manufactured the master
- the Mould SID Code that identifies the plant where the disc was replicated
Mastering SID Code
Sometimes also refered to as LBR Code (Laser Beam Recorder Code), it indicates the plant and LBR that manufactured the master or stamper used for the disc production.
It consists of the letters "IFPI" followed by a four or five alphanumeric digit code commencing with the letter "L".
Example: the Mastering SID Code printed on Francesco Zappa RCD 10546 is IFPI L901
The Mastering SID Code must:
- Be positioned between 18.0 mm from the centre of the disc and the start of the "lead-in" (which is at a radius of 22.9 mm from the centre).
- Be a minimum of 0.5 mm high.
- Be legible without magnification.
- Be located in the metallised region of the disc.
- Read from left to right when viewed from the read-out, or play side of the disc. However many records seem not to follow this recommendation.
- Be installed in either the firmware of the LBR (i.e. the software that forms an intrinsic part of the machinery and is not readily accessible by the operator of the facility) or embedded in the system controller (i.e. the signal processing system that controls the operation of the LBR) in such a way that the operator of the system is not able to alter or remove/disable the code.
It is recommended that the space allocated exclusively for the code (determined by the user and LBR supplier) shall consist of an arc of 30º for the Mastering SID Code. It is mandatory that it is clearly separate from other features.
Mould SID Code
The Mould SID Code indicates the plant where the disc was replicated and a serial number which can be set freely by the plant.
It consists of the letters "IFPI" followed by a four or five alphanumeric digit code. The first two digits (in the case of a four digit SID Code) or the first three digits (in the case of a five digit SID Code) are assigned to the operator of the manufacturing or mastering plant by Philips Intellectual Property & Standards. The last two digits of this code are allocated by the plant to give each mould on the site, including spare moulds, a unique code.
Example: the Mould SID Code printed on Francesco Zappa RCD 10546 is IFPI 2U3Q
- The implementation guide implicitely recommends not to use "I", "O", "S" and "Q". However many records seem not to follow this recommendation.
- The Mould SID Code must be positioned within the zone that has a maximum radius of 22.5 mm.
- If Burst Cutting Area - Code is used, then the position of the Mould SID Code will be adjusted to compensate.
- The Mould SID Code must not be imprinted in the clamping area.
- The Mould SID Code must not be placed in an area that obscures the Mastering SID Code or any other user defined characters.
- The Mould SID Code must be imprinted on all substrates whether containing valid programme content or not, including blank discs, and even if not metallised. Overprinting of the Mould Code for decorative purposes is permissible.
Code 39 (barcode) is used to encode uppercase alphanumeric characters (A through Z and 0 and 9) and a few other characters such as the dollar or minus signs. This barcode is called Code 39 because there are 9 light and dark bars in each character code, and 3 of these bars are wide (39 means 3 "wide" of 9 "bars").
Example: the barcode printed on Francesco Zappa RCD 10546 is
The DVD SID Code follows the same rules as the CD plus addionnal requirements:
- The Mastering SID Code must be placed within the zone that has a maximum radius of 22.5 mm.
- If Burst Cutting Area - Code is used, then the position of the Mastering Code should be adjusted to compensate.
- No minimum radius is specified, but due regard should be paid to the following points:
- The Mastering SID Code must be located in a metallised region of the disc.
- The Mastering SID Code must not be obscured by the stack ring.
- It is recommended that the space allocated exclusively for the code (determined by the user and LBR supplier) shall consist of an arc of 30º for the current code. It is mandatory that it is clearly separate from other features.
- A further arc of 30º shall be reserved for future use.
Single layer, single side disc
If the dummy side of the disc is made from a scrap program disc, it shall bear the SID Code, even if not metallised.
Dual layer, single side disc
The Mastering SID Code must be recorded for both layers (Layer 1 and Layer 0 in DVD format discs). At least one of the Mastering SID Codes (for either Layer 1 or Layer 0) must be clearly visible.
Single layer, double side disc
The Mastering SID Codes must be recorded on both sides of the disc. It is desirable that both Mastering SID Codes are clearly visible, but it is acceptable if the code is obscured due to restrictions of the printed area.
- Article about the history of matrix numbers before the rock era: Matrix Numbers in Recordings of Gilbert & Sullivan.
- Wikipedia Matrix Numbers article
- RIAA ISRC FAQ
- IFPI Codes


text: - Typical recommender systems adopt a static view of the recommendation process and treat it as a prediction problem. We argue that it is more appropriate to view the problem of generating recommendations as a sequential optimization problem and, consequently, that Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide a more appropriate model for recommender systems. MDPs introduce two benefits: they take into account the long-term effects of each recommendation and the expected value of each recommendation. To succeed in practice, an MDP-based recommender system must employ a strong initial model, must be solvable quickly, and should not consume too much memory. In this paper, we describe our particular MDP model, its initialization using a predictive model, the solution and update algorithm, and its actual performance on a commercial site. We also describe the particular predictive model we used which outperforms previous models. Our system is one of a small number of commercially deployed recommender systems. As far as we know, it is the first to report experimental analysis conducted on a real commercial site. These results validate the commercial value of recommender systems, and in particular, of our MDP-based approach.


Protected horticulture in Africa is concentrated in Northern Africa (e.g., Morocco, Algeria, Egypt), Eastern Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda), South Africa, and Western Africa (Ghana). The greenhouse sector in Northern Africa mainly produces (fruit) vegetables for the European market. Export flowers form the majority of greenhouse production in Eastern Africa.
Greenhouses in South Africa produce both flowers and (fruit) vegetables, and greenhouses in Ghana mainly produce tomatoes and some other vegetables for the local market. Africa is a very large continent has a wide diversity of climates which requires different approaches throughout the continent.
The business unit Greenhouse Horticulture is involved in many initiatives through capacity building, research and advise on the development of greenhouses, cultivation systems, sustainable cultivation methods and quality control and certification.


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Method statement for construction
Method statements are widely used in construction as a means of controlling specific health and safety risks that have been identified (perhaps following the preparation of a risk assessment) such as; lifting operations, demolition or dismantling, working at height (such as work on roofs), installing equipment, and the use of plant.
A method statement helps manage the work and ensures that the necessary precautions have been communicated to those involved.
The process of preparing a written method statement provides evidence that:
- Significant health and safety risks have been identified.
- Co-operation of workers has been ensured.
- Safe, co-ordinated systems of work have been put in place.
- Workers have been involved in the process.
Like risk assessments, method statements are not a requirement of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, however they are identified by the Health and Safety Executive as one way of satisfying the requirements of the regulations and as an effective means of assessing risks, managing risks, collecting workers' views and briefing workers. The fact that method statements are not a requirement of the CDM Regulations is evidence of the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) intention that implementation of the requirements of the CDM Regulations should not be a paper exercise, where the filling out of a standard template is sufficient, but that it should be an integral and fundamental part of the construction process.
At the outset of a project the format in which the method statements are reviewed and used should be set out, this is best done within the Project Execution Plan (or PEP), ensuring not only that the method statement is produced by a competent person, but that it is peer-reviewed as part of the QA system prior to it's use.
Where they are prepared, method statements need be no longer than is necessary for them to be effective. They are for the benefit of those carrying out the work and so should be clear, should not be overcomplicated and should be illustrated where necessary.
Method statements should be written by a competent person who is familiar with the process being described and may need to be agreed between the client, principal contractor and contractor. The HSE suggests that those preparing method statements should consider:
- Is there a safer way of doing this task?
- Will workers actually implement the controls as planned?
- Do these controls make the job difficult or inconvenient?
- Are there small changes that will improve the intended method?
- How will these controls work in adverse conditions, e.g. weather?
- Will workers require additional briefing or instructions?
The contents of a method statement will vary with the work process being described however, they may contain:
- Details of the organisation in control of the activity.
- Details of the individual responsible for the activity.
- A description of the activity.
- A description of how the work will be managed.
- The location of the activity, its boundaries, means of access and how it is segregated from other activities.
- Plant and equipment required.
- The procedure for changing the proposed method of work if necessary.
- A step by step description of the activities to be undertaken.
- Precautions necessary to protect workers, and other people that could be affected, including personal protective equipment and ventilation requirements.
- Training procedures.
- The need for specially-trained operators for certain activities.
- Emergency procedures, including the location of emergency equipment.
- The handling and storage of materials and pollution prevention procedures.
- Temporary works designs.
- The method for safeguarding existing structures.
Together, risk assessments and method statements are sometimes described as 'RAMS'. RAMS may be required by third parties to demonstrate that health and safety has been properly considered and that the requirements of the CDM regulations have been satisfied. For example, a contractor may require submission of RAMS form sub-contractors, a landlord may require submission of RAMS from tenants proposing to carry out works to a property, or a client may require submission of RAMS from contractors operating on their premises.
 Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
- Deleterious materials.
- Health and safety.
- Permit to work.
- Principal contractor.
- Project execution plan.
- Project risk.
- Reporting accidents and injuries on construction sites.
- Risk assessment.
- Risk assessments and method statements.
- Risk management.
- Temporary works.
 External references
Read about one of the world's most iconic buildings that after over a century continues to inspire affection.
Lendlease to pioneer 'WELL' certification and provide 'WELL ready' workplaces for tenants.
George Osborne's Spending Review confirms new apprenticeship levy that could threaten the viability of the Construction Industry Training Board.
Rebekah Paczec from Snapdragon Consulting gives us her unique take on the spending review and what it means for the construction industry.
HSE publish Occupational health risk management in construction. A guide to the key issues of occupational health provision.
7 uses of lighting to improve health and wellbeing by BRE Buzz.
Free to download, at-a-glance guide published by BRSIA.
NASC publishes revised safety and technical guidance.
BRE announce their acquisition of CEEQUAL to develop a single sustainability rating scheme for civil engineering and infrastructure projects.
BSRIA's Henry Lawson assesses the implications of grid outages for homeowners and business.
For more news, go to the home page.


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Here is my take on the difference.
For a short answer, "sticking" means staying in contact with the opponent so that he cannot separate to execute an effective technique. "Adhering" means making the opponent stay in contact with you so that you can uproot him and make him stay in contact with your technique.
For a long answer, consider Sunzi's (Sun-Tzu's) Art of War
, especially Chapter 5, Lines 21-23 and Chapter 6, Lines 7, 17, 22-24, 26-34. As we have discussed before on this forum, understand that the title of Chapter 5 (translated on my hyperlink as "energy") is usually translated in Tai Chi contexts as "posture" (e.g., the 13 Postures) or as "tendency" (e.g., going along with the opponent's "tendency) and the title of Chapter 6 is usually translated as "Empty and Full" or "Substantial and Insubstantial."
Also consider the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)
, expecially chapter 78.
The strategy of Taijiquan is to use the soft to overcome the hard--or perhaps more clearly translated--to use the yielding to overcome the unyielding. If, however, Taijiquan truly used only yielding, this would be a violation of the philosophical doctrine of Taiji, which says that yin and yang can never separate. In Taijiquan, using the yielding as a strategy must therefore have its own yin and yang.
In my current view, the yin part of Tai Chi "yielding" is what we generally call "following" and the yang part is what we generally call "sticking." With these two in harmony, you can both frustrate and control the opponent through his own actions (or inaction).
"Yielding" also has its yin and yang. I would think that the yin of "yielding" is what is called "following" ("sui2") as a term of art, and the yang part is what is called "connecting" ("lian2"). To properly "yield," you have not only to avoid resisting the opponent, you must also avoid losing contact so that there is something to yield to.
"Sticking" also has its yin and yang. What is properly called "sticking" ("nian2") is the yin part. This involves putting some of yourself into every move of the opponent, so that you can always add the 10 percent in the wrong place that frustrates his purposes. What is called "adhering" is arguably the Yang part. Where the opponent seeks pressure, you gladly offer it, but perhaps 10 percent less then what he needs. This way, the opponent always tries for more, and you can make him follow you to his disadvantage.
If you stick to the opponent and make the opponent stick to you, you always have leverage to affect his empty and full. You have him coming and going.
The typical fault in trying to "follow" is that you do too much and get "ahead" of your opponent. You do not let him go where he is trying to go, and you resist. In resisting, you deny yourself the energy you need to use against him and provide a handle he can instead use against you.
The typical fault in trying to stay "connected" is that you do too little and you lose your way. If you have lost track of your opponent's tendency, how can you continue to follow? How can you use the interplay of yin and yang, empty and full if there is a link missing from the chain of cause and effect?
The typical fault in trying to "adhere" is that you do too much and go against your opponent's motion. Your opponent will not try to go where the opposition appears too fierce. You must give pressure where the opponent wants (or perhaps needs) pressure in order to encourage the opponent to move. Too much pressure, and you signal the opponent to stop or to choose another path.
The typical fault in trying to "stick" is to do too little and not fill up the "empty space" between you and the opponent. Your "flatness" opens up gaps between the opponent that allows him freedom of action.
I believe that Yang Chengfu said that distinguishing empty and full is the number one rule in Taijiquan. If you ponder the strategic, tactical, and physical ramifications of this, you can get some ideas for how you might want to train push hands.


Latest Nigeria News - Latest Naija Gists
8 unexpected side effect of Kiwi fruit
8 unexpected side effect of Kiwi fruit
8 unexpected side effect of Kiwi fruit
Kiwi is a widely popular fruit that has a high reserve of vitamin C. It is just like an orange with green bright flesh. It is speckled with small black seeds that add a tropical flair to all fruit salads.
This fruit is generally 3 inches long and weighs around 4 ounces. The green flesh has a creamy consistency and invigorating taste that reminds one of melons, strawberries and bananas.
Yes, it is known for its unique sweet flavor and the number of benefits. People across the world love this fruit. But there are kiwi fruit side effects that may pop up if eaten in large quantities.
1. Allergic reactions
One might develop allergic reactions due to the consumption of kiwi fruit. It is important to be cautious while eating it. Many individuals, who consumed kiwi fruit in large quantities have reported cross-sensitization and different types of allergies.
2. Rashes and swelling
According to studies, it has been found that overeating of kiwi can lead to swelling. Anaphylaxis can also occur in people eating too much of kiwi. Rash, asthma and hives are also common. It can also lead to local mouth irritation.
3. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS)
Many people have reported OAS due to the overeating of kiwi. The OAS includes swelling of mouth, lips and tongue. It also leads to tingling and itching sensations in the mouth.
4. Dermatitis
Individuals consuming high quantities of kiwi on a daily basis may develop skin disorder, such as dermatitis.
5. Pancreatitis problem
Overeating of kiwi can lead to acute pancreatitis. This tasty fruit comes enriched with potassium, serotonin and Vitamin C and E. High doses of these components can alter the triglyceride level in the blood, which may harm the pancreas in the long run.
6. Diarrhea and collapsing
One of the kiwi fruit side effects also includes vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. It may also lead to fainting and difficulty in swallowing.
7. Latex allergy
As per studies, it has been found that most people with latex allergy are also prone to developing kiwi allergy. If you have allergic reactions to latex, then you should avoid consumption of kiwi and products with kiwi.
8. Breast feeding and pregnancy
If you are a nursing mother or pregnant, then consult your doctor regarding the dosage of kiwi. Over eating this fruit during pregnancy can affect your health negatively.
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_USER_ {13591, title = {Logo Retrieval in Document Images}, booktitle = {Document Analysis Systems}, year = {2012}, month = {2012///}, abstract = {This paper presents a scalable algorithm for segmentation free logo retrieval in document images. The contributions of this paper include the use of the SURF feature for logo retrieval, a novel indexing algorithm for efficient retrieval of SURF features and a method to filter results using the orientation of local features and geometric constraints. Results demonstrate that logo retrieval can be performed with high accurately and efficiently scaled to a large datasets.}, author = {Jain,Rajiv and David Doermann} }


text:
You can help foster resilience to piracy
We can help seafarers be more resilient to pirate attacks. This is the view of Dr. Michael Stuart Garfinkle of SCI who has published the first clinical study of piracy's effect on seafarers.
Better coordination to enhance resilience, identifying resources available to seafarers and improved access to those resources would go a long way to reduce seafarers' suffering from the long-term effects of trauma, he said. In an article published by the Seamen' s Church Institute of New York and New Jersey, Garfinkle writes:
Maritime piracy represents the single greatest risk to the seafaring community—not because of its prevalence, but because of the potential magnitude of traumatic experience. Resilience describes how we get through the stressors of everyday life, how we survive tragedy and how we recover from traumatic experience. If we think of traumatic experiences as those that interrupt our ability to think, disturb our feelings and make us feel overwhelmed, resilience is the counterforce that minimizes the impact of trauma. Extensive trauma, both in terms of length and intensity, especially tests resilience. Where there are direct threats to life, outcomes tend to be worse.
As a process, resilience is possible at the individual and community level. An individual can be supported in coping, in using available help from loved ones and professionals and in returning to purpose in life. Many seafarers come from supportive families and communities, and the literature on resilience and surviving traumatic experience suggests that acceptance by peers improves outcomes.
You can help foster resilience by accepting a person's temporary weakness due to difficult experience.
- Accept that their suffering is normal.
- See expressions of pain as opportunities to render help.


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Work Out With Your Dog - How Animal Agility Training Can Burn Calories For You
The University of Massachusetts studied human oxygen consumption during canine agility training. John Ales
Vigorous Exercise for Dog and Human
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Department of Kinesiology have studied the impact on humans during canine agility training, and their findings were recently highlighted on Zoom Room Dog Agility Training Center's website.
The researchers looked at oxygen consumption (using a face mask and battery-operated, portable metabolic system that measures breath-by-breath gas exchange) as well as heart rate (detected and recorded using a Polar heart rate monitor). The data collected was translated into Metabolic Equivalents, or METs, a way of comparing how much energy a person expends at rest versus during a given activity.


HttpPostedFileBase Class
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Expand the table of content
HttpPostedFileBase Class
Serves as the base class for classes that provide access to individual files that have been uploaded by a client.
Namespace: System.Web
Assembly: System.Web.Abstractions (in System.Web.Abstractions.dll)
[AspNetHostingPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Level = AspNetHostingPermissionLevel.Minimal)]
[AspNetHostingPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.InheritanceDemand, Level = AspNetHostingPermissionLevel.Minimal)]
public abstract class HttpPostedFileBase
The HttpPostedFileBase class is an abstract class that contains the same members as the HttpPostedFile class. The HttpPostedFileBase class lets you create derived classes that are like the HttpPostedFile class, but that you can customize and that work outside the ASP.NET pipeline. When you perform unit testing, you typically use a derived class to implement members that have customized behavior that fulfills the scenario you are testing.
The HttpPostedFileWrapper class derives from the HttpPostedFileBase class. The HttpPostedFileWrapper class serves as a wrapper for the HttpPostedFile class. At run time, you typically use an instance of the HttpPostedFileWrapper class to call members of the HttpPostedFile object.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.5 SP1
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


text:
A new industry analysis by Fact.MR, a market research and competitive intelligence provider, says that the global structural heart devices market is valued at US$ 12.17 billion in 2023 and is predicted to reach US$ 36.06 billion by the end of 2033.
Structural heart disease is a broad term describing a type of percutaneous therapy used to treat patients with congenital and inherited heart conditions that involve functional and structural abnormalities in the heart valves, proximal great arteries, and heart chambers. Due to wear and tear from infections, these diseases may manifest later in life but may also be present from birth.
Primary factors boosting the sales of structural heart devices are the rising prevalence of structural heart diseases, the surge in enlarged indication approval for numerous transcatheter structural heart products, and the rise in the senior population affected by various degenerative valvular heart diseases. Growing preference for minimally-invasive structural heart therapeutic products among patients who place a premium on value and the increase in research and development spending for the creation of cutting-edge, innovative products all contribute to the market growth for structural heart devices.
On the other hand, it is expected that constraints such as low accessibility and low affordability of cardiac procedures in emerging nations may somewhat impede the demand for structural heart devices in poor and developing economies.
The global market is dominated by North America due to the high rate of minimally-invasive procedures and rising endovascular procedure rates. Asia Pacific is anticipated to experience a high CAGR over the projected period due to advancements in screening programmes, rising heart disease awareness among the populace, and improved access to healthcare systems.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on structural heart devices market
The structural heart devices market outlook has been seriously affected by the global outbreak of COVID-19 as it led to a temporary delay in the surgical procedures that were not an emergency. This was majorly due to the high risk of infection in the healthcare settings that could possibly affect patients with heart-related disorders. However, with the increasing adoption of safety measures across hospitals coupled with the growing necessity for surgical procedures, the structural heart devices market is expected to grow steadily over the subsequent years.
Key Takeaways from Market Study
- Global demand for structural heart devices is expected to increase at a CAGR of 11% from 2023-2033.
- China's market is predicted to expand at a CAGR of 10% during the projected period.
- Sales of heart valve devices are expected to rise at a CAGR of 11.5% during the forecast period.
- Demand for surgical heart valves is predicted to expand at a CAGR of 11% during the next 10 years.
"Highest demand for structural heart devices to be exhibited by hospitals as compared to other types of medical centers," says a Fact.MR analyst.
The structural heart devices market is highly competitive and consists of significant market players, including Abbott Laboratories, Boston Scientific Corporation, Braile Biomedica, CryoLife, Inc., Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, and others.
- Medtronic introduced the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) system Evolut PRO+ in the United States in September 2019.
- The MITRIS RESILIA valve was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2022 for Edwards Lifesciences. It is a tissue valve replacement made especially for the mitral location of the heart.
More Valuable Insights on Offer
Fact.MR, in its new offering, presents an unbiased analysis of the global structural heart devices market, presenting historical demand data (2018-2022) and forecast statistics for the period of 2023-2033.
The study divulges essential insights on the market on the basis of product (heart valve devices, surgical heart valves, transcatheter heart valves, occluders & delivery systems), procedure (replacement procedures, repair procedures), age group (pediatrics, adults, geriatrics), indication (atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), aortic valve stenosis), and end user (hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, cardiac centers), across five major regions of the world (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and MEA).


Newton's Dark Secrets
Student Handout
Secret Symbols
Sir Isaac Newton is well known for his mathematical and scientific achievements, yet few people know about his work as an alchemist. Some people believe that Newton pursued alchemy with the hopes that it might help him better understand great truths about nature and the universe. Many alchemists described their work in symbols and metaphors. In this activity, you will use a glossary of alchemical symbols to interpret a passage from a famous alchemical text called The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine.
 1. Read the text passage on this page. Use a pencil or highlighting pen to mark any words or phrases you think might be clues to the text's meaning.
 2. As a team, use the description of common symbolism for alchemical substances, principles, and elements on the "Keys to the Stone" handout to decipher the text. Note that some symbols and images have more than one meaning.
 3. Together, write your interpretation of the text on a separate piece of paper, and then share your work with the class. When interpreting the text, refer to the line number in which the word or phrase appears.
The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine
The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine is a famous alchemical text that appears to have first been published in Germany around 1599. The text was later translated into Latin, Greek, and English. The author, "Basilius Valentinus," claimed to be a Benedictine monk. The author's true identity is unknown. The text itself contains 12 coded passages, or keys, that describe the process of creating the Philosopher's Stone, a mythical substance believed to cure disease, confer immortality, and turn ordinary metals into gold. The following is a part of the first step, which involves preparing the materials to be used in the creation of the stone.
1 If you would operate by means of our bodies, take
2 a fierce grey wolf, which, though on account of its
3 name it be subject to the sway of warlike Mars, is
4 by birth the offspring of ancient Saturn, and is found
5 in the valleys and mountains of the world, where he
6 roams about savage with hunger. Cast to him the
7 body of the King, and when he has devoured it, burn
8 him entirely to ashes in a great fire. By this process
9 the King will be liberated; and when it has been
10 performed thrice the Lion has overcome the wolf,
11 and will find nothing more to devour in him. Thus
12 our Body has been rendered fit for the first stage
13 of our work.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
 1. Compare your team's interpretation of the text to others in the class. Did different teams come up with the same answer? Why or why not? Discuss and defend your choices.
 2. Newton used his own symbols and phrases to describe the steps he took when performing alchemical experiments. Explain why he might have done this.


What Is Cloudflare Railgun™? Improve WordPress Speed 100%
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What Is Cloudflare Railgun™? Improve WordPress Speed 100%
What Is A Cloudflare Railgun™?
1. What is Railgun?
Railgun is a WAN optimization technology. CloudFlare's Railgun technology greatly speeds up the delivery of non-cached pages. Although CloudFlare automatically caches 65% of the resources required to make up a page, 35% can't be cached mainly because the resources are dynamically generated or marked as 'do not cache'. That 35% is often the initial HTML of the page that must be downloaded first. CloudFlare Railgun speeds this remaining 35%.
2. What are the benefits of Railgun?
Sites running Railgun show a 143% improvement in HTML load times and a 90% decrease in Time To First Byte (TTFB) responses.
3. How does Railgun work?
Railgun opens a secure, tunneled connection between the CloudFlare network and your host's origin server where the connection only sends differences from the last request. This is similar to how video encoding works.
The markup of websites does not change that frequently from one request to the next. Instead of relocating the entire request between CloudFlare and the origin server, Railgun will transfer only the alterations in markup from one request to the next. This cuts down on bandwidth, transfer time, and overall page load times. Railgun caches these differences in memory to make page processing as prompt as possible.
4. What kind of sites can use Railgun?
Any website can benefit from the effectiveness improvements Railgun offers, especially dynamic sites.
5. What much does Railgun cost?
If you purchase Railgun directly through CloudFlare, it costs $200/month. On the other hand, I provide it for Free with any package ordered.
6. How do I enable Railgun on my site?
Login to cPanel
Navigate to Cloudflare
Create An Account
Click Provision Account With CNAME Setup
Enable Railgun
Allow 24 Hours For SSL To Propogate
Remember, if you're using SSL on your website, it will have to be regenerated by Cloudflare. This process takes up to 24 hours and may create errors on your secure pages.
Personally, I recommend enabling this during the weekend/off peak hours to avoid any interruption in traffic.
7. What if I'm having issues enabling Railgun?
If you experience issues when enabling Railgun, just Contact me
8. I'm not a CloudFlare customer, can I still use Railgun?
No. You need to be a CloudFlare client in order to use Railgun.
9. I'm seeing an error on my site and I think Railgun is causing it, what should I do?
If you are using Railgun via cPanel, you can turn it off straight from your control panel. Otherwise, log into your CloudFlare account, go to Performance Settings and turn Railgun off from there.
10. Remind me, what is CloudFlare?
CloudFlare provides performance, security and availability to web properties. CloudFlare runs a globally distributed network where they automatically cache static content, filter malicious traffic and help offload big spikes in traffic. On average, a site loads twice as fast, uses 65% fewer server resources and has an additional layer of security.
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Salad Rap – Part 1
Students create a rap song/chant and dance promoting the components of their favorite salad, and use chant as a device to remember that plants do not eat and only plants produce food.
- Learn a rap song as a device to remember that plants do not eat, they produce food.
- Identify rhyming words to complete rap template.
- Identify sensory words by experiencing the garden and use those words to complete a rap.
- Share rap songs with other students.
Introduction: 15 minutes
Activity One: 1 hour
Activity Two: 1 hour


Blackjack TU160
Bomber Tupolev TU160 started at 9:00 from the airport and flew at average speed of 1850 km/h toward the airfield B distant 3500 km. After evaluating the danger from the airport B started at 9:45 B towards A fighter MIG 29 at an average speed 2300 km/h. At what time and at what distance from the airport A this two aircrafts meet?
t = 10:16 h Wrong answer
s = 2329.2169 km
Step-by-step explanation:
3500 = 1850(t-9) + 2300(t-(9+45/60))
3500 = 1850•(t-9) + 2300•(t-(9+45/60))
s-1850t = -16650
249000t = _PHONE_
s = 2329.216867
t = 1703/166 ≈ 10.259036
Our linear equations calculator calculates it.
Tips to related online calculators
Do you want to convert velocity (speed) units?
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Related math problems and questions:
 - Motion
 - Two cities
 - Truck
 - Against each other
 - Two cities
 - Two cars
 - Motion 2
 motion2 At 10 o'clock started from place A car speed at 90 km/h. 20 minutes after started from the place B at speed 60 km/h another car. Distance places A and B is 120 kilometers. What time and where they meet?
 - Two planes
 - Aircrafts
 boeings Above the town hall tower flew the plane with constant speed 510 km/h and 15 minutes later the second plane at speed of 703 km/h. How long and how far from the town hall will be aircrafts caught up?
 - Train from Brno
 - Two aircraft
 - Train from Prague
 train_cd_1 The first train from Prague started at 8:00 hour at 40 kilometers per hour. Train from Ostrava started at 9:20 at 80 km per hour. How many hours and how far from cities with trains meet if the distance of cities is 400 km.
 - Pedestrian and the cyclist
 - Two airports
 - Two trains meet
 train From A started at 7:15 express train at speed 85 km/h to B. From B started passenger train at 8:30 in the direction to A and at speed 55 km/h. The distance A and B are 386 1/4 km. At what time and at what distance from B the two trains meet?
 - Two friends
 - Cars 2
 car_2 Opava is 360 km distance from Prešov. At 8:00 hour, two cars started against each other from this cities at average speeds 88 km/h and 121 km/h. What hour will it meet and what distance it's travel if the car started from Prešov is faster?


Denotation vs. Connotation
actual cautery
actual cautery in Medicine
actual cautery ac·tu·al cautery (āk'chōō-əl)
An agent or process, such as electrocautery or a hot iron, that cauterizes tissue using heat and not a chemical means.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
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Outcome benchmarks
Outcome benchmarks, such as the local surveys now undertaken to measure answers to questions such as how well people get on with each other in a neighbourhood, or whether people feel a sense of influence over decisions. These generally provide a much more objective measure of social dynamics than the indicators chosen by individual organisations to prove their impact.


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If you think the dating world is tough for a human, consider for a moment the Nopoli rock-climbing goby of Hawaii, which scales waterfalls up to 100 feet high in order to breed. To put this feat in perspective, itâ€™s the equivalent of a man of average height scaling the 29,029 feet of Mount Everest!
The process leading to this incredible feat is, quite literally, jaw-dropping: the tiny one-inch goby propels itself up the waterfall rocks with two suckers â€" one, common to all gobies, on the belly, and a second, particular to one goby genus, that develops when the mouth migrates from the tip of its head to its chin over the course of 36 to 48 hours, before it embarks on its journey. The fish uses these dual suckers alternately to inch up the rocky substrate of waterfalls to the waters above where the goby mates and deposits eggs in streams. Upon hatching, these juvenile gobies are swept into the ocean where they develop for several months before they return to freshwater streams and pools upstream where they may live for several years. To mate, the gobies of this new generation must repeat the waterfall-climbing process themselves.


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Texas Governor Greg Abbott and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton released the "Guidance for Houses of Worship During the COVID-19 Crisis" on Wednesday to clarify what Abbott meant when he claimed churches were essential in his latest round of executive orders.
In the clarification, Abbott and Paxton called on government officials and faith communities to work together to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and highlighted several guidelines for local officials to follow.
- The government must give special consideration to houses of worship when issuing orders related to COVID-19 crisis. Citing the First Amendment and the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act, they argue local officials must tread carefully when restricting certain services offered by the faith community.
- Houses of worship provide "essential services." Those services include religious gatherings in churches, congregations, and houses of worship. Those institutions like Prestonwood can provide essential services under certain conditions highlighted in Abbott's latest round of executive orders.
- Houses of worship must, whenever possible, conduct their activities from home or through remote audio or video services. Abbott and Paxton point out that large groups of people gathering at a megachurch just isn't going to cut during this public health crisis. So religious leaders must follow certain mitigation strategies to conduct those services, which means employing technology such as remote audio, video, or teleconference activities whenever possible.
- If a house of worship cannot conduct its activities remotely, then the White House and CDC guidelines still control in order to stop the spread of Coronavirus. Which means, they must follow these guidelines:
- Instruct sick employees, volunteers, and guests to stay home;
- Practice social distancing by maintaining appropriate distance between people;
- Maintain good hygiene by washing your hands frequently, using hand sanitizer, using your elbow to cover coughs, and not touching your face;
- Clean and disinfect work areas frequently.
- Some houses of worship must avoid large gatherings. Despite item 4's requirements, Abbott and Paxton recommends megachurches work with municipalities "to evaluate the rate of local community spread and determine the appropriate level of mitigation strategies to implement. "For example, more detailed guidance from the CDC currently recommends that if a community is experiencing substantial community spread of COVID-19, then the houses of worship in that community should cancel all in-person gatherings of any size. But if a community is experiencing moderate to substantial spread, then the CDC recommends a reduction of activities in coordination with local health officials, possible smaller gatherings incorporating social-distancing measures, cancelation of activities with 10 or more people when high-risk populations attend in person and use of creative means to deliver other faith-based services."
Abbott and Paxton end their guidance by pointing out that these restrictions do not violate the religious liberty of houses of worship. They argue that under the extraordinary circumstances in which we temporarily live, the government has a compelling interest for restricting their activities and services: to stop the spread of COVID-19.
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"All Texans must work together to stop the spread of COVID-19, and houses of worship face a particular challenge as we work to combat this pandemic," Paxton said in the press release. "This guidance provides clear direction for houses of worship to protect the health and safety of Texans as they continue to hold religious services, exercise their religious liberty, and serve their faith communities."


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Researchers can now access new information about how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the lives of almost 28,000 cohort study participants during the third national lockdown in February and March.
This newly released data comes from Wave 3 of the COVID-19 Survey in Five National Longitudinal Studies. Together with the information gathered during the first two waves of survey data collection, researchers now have access to data about the experiences of more than 34,000 individuals during the coronavirus crisis.
This new Wave 3 information will help researchers understand how people's lives have changed since the earlier two surveys, which took place in May 2020 (Wave 1) and then during September and October (Wave 2). The data collected from participants, aged between 19 and 74 at the time of Wave 1, provides important insights into the economic, health and social consequences of the coronavirus outbreak.
The latest survey closely mirrored the topics covered in Waves 1 and 2. However, new questions were included to reflect the evolving crisis, on subjects such as the vaccination programme and long COVID. In addition, as in Wave 1, participants were asked to share, in their own words, how the pandemic had affected them and their loved ones, providing an opportunity for qualitative research.
Around 5,000 new participants completed the survey in Wave 3, in addition to the 23,000 participants who also took part in one or both of the previous two waves.
The survey was sent to participants in all four national longitudinal cohort studies run by the UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) as well as participants in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, run by the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (LHA), also based at UCL. The five studies included are:
These studies have been following large, representative cohorts since birth, gathering information about different aspects of participants' lives, at different stages of their lives. Researchers will be able to analyse these new Wave 3 COVID-19 survey data in conjunction with data from Waves 1 and 2 of the survey, as well as the longitudinal data collected over the lifetime of each study.
Professor Alissa Goodman said: "Since first contacting our study participants in May 2020, more than 34,000 people from across four generations have shared their insights into how the coronavirus outbreak has affected their livelihoods, their families and relationships and their physical and mental health.
"With each new wave of the survey, we've seen the numbers of respondents increase, helping us to build a more representative, accurate picture of how the COVID-19 crisis has impacted the whole of society. Using the information we've gathered from these three waves with other study data, collected across more than 70 years, researchers will be able to examine how prior life experiences shape resilience or vulnerability to the effects of the pandemic both in the short term, and much further into the future."
Find out more about the data
For more information about the design and content of the survey, the response, data collected and weights, see the CLS website COVID-19 survey page. The questionnaire and user guide are both available to download.
A CLS webinar on Thursday 17 June will give researchers an overview of the three waves of the survey, focusing on content, how to deal with non-response and research findings. For more details and to register, see the CLS website.
Access the data
The online survey data from Waves 1, 2 and 3 from the four CLS studies taking part, namely the MCS, Next Steps, BCS70 and NCDS, have been de-identified and are available for researchers to download under End User Licence from the UK Data Service:
To download the data (SN: 8658), visit the UK Data Service website.
The data are also available from each of the main pages for the four studies on the UK Data Service website:
Weights have been provided with this COVID-19 dataset to take account of non-response to the survey, in order to help researchers produce representative results.
See the user guide to the data for more information.
Wave 1 and Wave 2 data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development is available from the UK Data Service under Special Licence Access. Wave 3 data will be available from the UK Data Service shortly, and in the interim researchers can submit an application to the study to access the Wave 3 data.


1500+ Health Tips
Simple Way On How To Prevent Bed Wetting
July 5, 2016 12:27 AM
Bed wetting often occurs due to malnutrition and extreme weakness in the body of children.
Generally dry fruits contain a lot of nutrients which are essential for strengthening the bones and tissues of the child. These are very delicious and appealing to the children so they tend to indulge in overeating. This should be avoided as dry fruits are very heavy for the stomach to digest.
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I am Tele communication engineer
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- slide 1 of 1
Types of Base Bodies of Manipulators
As the number of members and the degrees of freedom of the joints connecting those increases the robotic arm can work in more complex space and orientation.
Planer: The planer base body of a manipulator can be seen as one linear manipulator attached to another linear manipulator with axes of the two manipulators being perpendicular to each other in the same plane. Thus the end of the manipulator can move along two mutually perpendicular axes and can cover all the points in the plane defined by the range of motion along the two axes. The motion of the planer base body can be defined by two variables and motion can be achieved by two linear actuators. Such manipulator has two degrees of freedom.
Examples of tasks planer manipulators can do; curve tracing or printing on sheets, metal sheet cutting for specified design, welding on a planer metal piece or drilling at different spots in a plane.
Cartesian: Such robot body allows the manipulator to move along the three Cartesian axes only, which are the three mutually orthogonal axes. The working space of such robots will be a cuboid whose dimensions are defined by the range of motion of the manipulator along each axis. Cartesian robot base consists of three prismatic joints arranged perpendicular to each other. It requires three variables to define its position, has equal number of actuators and has the same number of degrees of freedom.
One such example can be the hoisting robot used in a workshop, shipping yard or construction site which moves on rails and the hoisting hook can be moved up and down through the cables.
The types of robot base bodies discussed so far only comprise of prismatic joints and the motion along any of the axes is only linear, there is no rotary motion. Though the end effectors of a Cartesian manipulator can reach every point defined in the space but still it is not used for every purpose. It will be slow for moving between different points in the space and cannot effectively orient its end effectors properly for certain jobs. Thus revolute and cylindrical joints are included in the base body to obtain more efficient structure of manipulators.
In the next article the manipulator bases with revolute and cylindrical joints along with prismatic joints will be introduced.
Robotics: Structure of Industrial Robots or Manipulators: Types of Base Bodies – II
Robots are not just machines, they are many steps ahead a typical machine. Robots like machines can perform different tough jobs easily but the advancement is that they can do it by their own. Once programmed robots can perform required tasks repeatedly in exactly the same way.


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Spotify Kids is an easy and fun way for children to explore the world of sound, on their own or with their family.
With Spotify Kids, it's easy to decide what your child hears. You can switch anytime between tracks and playlists chosen for younger kids or for older kids.
All content in Spotify Kids has been handpicked by our editors to be family friendly and fun for kids to explore.
Subscribe to Premium Family.*
Download the Spotify Kids app to your child's device.
Set up a Kids account, and your child can start listening.


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Researchers have discovered that dolphins might be able to learn a new language! Four captive bottlenose dolphins in Port-Saint-Pere, France have repeatedly heard recorded whale sounds during their various performances at the aquatic park. When researchers recorded the dolphins talking in their sleep, they found that the animals actually made whale-like noises as opposed to dolphin sounds. It was suggested that the dolphins might actually be practicing their performances during their sleep and might have the ability to learn a new language if studies can confirm that the sounds are in fact whale language.
To find out more and hear the dolphins sleep talking, visit Science Now.


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June 10, 2010 A comparison of hockey leagues in Canada for 11-12 year old players finds that compared with leagues that do not allow body checking, those that do have an associated 3-fold increased risk of game-related injuries, including severe injuries and severe concussions, according to a study in the June 9 issue of JAMA.
"Ice hockey is a popular North American winter sport, with more than 550,000 registered youth players in Hockey Canada and more than 340,000 registered players in the USA Hockey Association in 2008-2009. Despite the advantages of sport participation, there is increasing concern regarding the frequency of ice hockey injuries in youth," the authors write. They add that recent attention has been focused on the increased frequency of concussive head injuries in youth hockey. It is the most common type of specific injury, accounting for more than 15 percent of all injuries in 9- to 16-year-old players, according to background information in the article.
Internationally, there are different regulations regarding the age at which body checking is introduced in ice hockey. In the United States, body checking is introduced in all leagues for the age group 11-12 years, but leagues not permitting body checking exist through all ages, up to the leagues for 15-16 year-olds. In Canada, the youngest age group in which body checking is permitted is Pee Wee (ages 11-12 years). In the province of Quebec, however, Bantam (ages 13-14 years) is the youngest age group in which body checking is permitted.
Carolyn A. Emery, Ph.D., B.Sc.P.T., of the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and colleagues examined whether the risk of concussion and injury differed for youth ice hockey players in a league that permits body checking vs. a league that does not. The study was conducted in Alberta and Quebec during the 2007-2008 Pee Wee ice hockey season and included players (n = 2,154) from teams in the top 60 percent of divisions of play. Among the outcomes measured was the rate for gameand practice-related injuries and concussions.
Seventy-four Pee Wee teams from Alberta (n = 1,108 players) and 76 Pee Wee teams from Quebec (n = 1,046 players) completed the study. There were a total of 241 injuries (78 concussions) reported in Alberta and 91 injuries (23 concussions) reported in Quebec. For game-related injuries, the Alberta vs. Quebec incidence rate ratio (comparison of the risk of injury in the two leagues) was 3.26 (n = 209 and n = 70 for Alberta and Quebec, respectively]) for all injuries; 3.88 (n = 73 and n = 20) for concussion; 3.30 (n = 51 and n = 16) for severe injury (time loss, greater than 7 days); and 3.61 (n = 14 and n = 4) for severe concussion (time loss, greater than 10 days).
"The estimated absolute risk reduction (injuries per 1,000 player-hours) that would be achieved if body checking were not permitted in Alberta was 2.84 for all game-related injuries, 0.72 for severe injuries, 1.08 for concussion, and 0.20 for severe concussion. There was no difference between provinces for practice-related injuries," the authors write.
"Among 11- to 12-year-old ice hockey players, playing in a league in which body checking is permitted compared with a league in which body checking is not permitted was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of all game-related injuries, concussion, severe injury, and severe concussion. These findings may have important implications for policy decisions related to body checking in youth ice hockey. The public health implications associated with injury in Pee Wee hockey in which body checking is permitted are significant."
"Future research should compare the injury and concussion risk in the next age group of play (Bantam, ages 13-14 years), in which players in one cohort will have 2 years of body checking experience prior to Bantam participation. This research can inform the development and rigorous evaluation of prevention strategies to reduce the risk of injury in this population of youth ice hockey participants," the authors conclude.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- C. A. Emery, J. Kang, I. Shrier, C. Goulet, B. E. Hagel, B. W. Benson, A. Nettel-Aguirre, J. R. McAllister, G. M. Hamilton, W. H. Meeuwisse. Risk of Injury Associated With Body Checking Among Youth Ice Hockey Players. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010; 303 (22): 2265 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.755
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Building a syntax tree from a chart BuildTree(Chart,Words[0.. K]) { N := make a node for the root of the tree; ExpandTree("S",Chart,Words,N,0,K) } ExpandTree(Symbol,Chart,Words,N,START,END) { label node N with Symbol; if (Symbol is a part of speech) then { make a leaf node labelled WORDS[END]; make an arc from N to the leaf node; ] else { find an edge E in Chart of the form [START, END, Symbol -> Sym[1], Sym[2]... Sym[p] *]; for (j := p downto 1) do { find two edges E1 and E2 in Chart such that (E1 == [SS1, END, Sym[j] -> String]) and (E2 == [START,SS1, Symbol -> Sym[1]... Sym[j-1] * Sym[j]... Sym[p]); /* That is, E was formed by applying the extender to E2, E1 */ make a new leftmost child NC of N; /* Note that the tree is built from right to left */ ExpandTree(Sym[j],Chart,Words,NC,SS1,END); END := SS1; } /* end for loop */ } } To find all the parse trees, you have to consider all the options at the two statements "find an edge" and "find two edges" above.