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Armenian Dram Sign
After proclamation of independence Armenia put into circulation own national currency – Armenian Dram (Armenian: Դրամ; code: AMD), the usage of which revealed the necessity for a monetary sign. As the result of common business practice and the unique pattern of Armenian letters the shape of the sign and its variations appeared in the business scratches. Since that time and until the official endorsement of the sign a number of artists and businessmen developed and offered various shapes for it. Now Armenian dram sign (symbol) is present in the Armenian standard for the national characters and symbols and in the Armenian computer fonts.
Heritage of Mashtots
There is a strong belief that the shape of Dram Sign (symbol) is a direct projection of the Armenian alphabet – the brilliant work of Mesrop Mashtots. It is not hard to notice the clean-cut geometry of Armenian letters, so did the author of the Sign when studied the alphabet. Later he became a proponent for the hypothesis, which states that the prototype of the Armenian alphabet is a variety of combinations of resembling curves and horizontal elements. Subsequently these horizontal elements played a key role in the Sign development.
Date of creation
Apparently, the sign was emerged on 7 September 1995. This date refers to the specific page in the preserved scratches for cash flow of a start-up company. Since that date the sign together with the dollar sign is constantly present in cash flow records (euro was not in circulation yet), and no evidences for earlier dates are tendered by anybody yet.
The objective of the sign is to symbolize the Armenian national currency and come in handy wherever a graphical symbol for the currency would be in demand, for instance in: financial documents, price-lists and tags, currency exchange displays, computer fonts, correspondence, etc.
At the time of the sign's development were outlined the definite fundamental criteria for it, namely the sign has:
- to denote the Armenian National Currency by graphical means;
- to recall the outlines of Armenian letters;
- to include the elements typical for the foreign monetary symbols;
- to be easily reproduced with a few strokes;
- to be enough plain for its identification and memorizing.
Present to Republic
The exceptional chance to present the sign to Republic of Armenia became real in connection with celebration of the 1700th Anniversary of Christianity Proclamation in Armenia as state religion in 2001. The sign's proposal has been presented to the President of the Republic of Armenia, at that date Mr. R. Kocharyan. Together with this gift a special letter with congratulation on the Anniversary has been sent to the Catholicos of all Armenians Garegin II.
The Council of the Central Bank of Armenia handling the proposal announced the contest, entertained the offer among the other proposals and approved it together with the similar one. CBA Panel Ordinance declared to "accept the designs of Dram Symbol presented by K. Komendaryan and R. Arutchyan". Then the Symbol has been passed to the state organizations for the official processing and standardization.
To the right are the designs for Dram Sign submitted to CBA contest by an artist R. Arutchyan and an architect V. Phenesyan respectively. The proposal by R. Arutchyan cognates with Euro sign shape and the proposal by V. Phenesyan is based on the first letter of Armenian word Փող (money, pronounced as "phokh").
Placement on Dram bill
Since year 2003 the original shape of the Sign is present on the reverse side of 10,000 Armenian Dram bill. The bill's other issuances took place in 2006 and 2008. In 2011 the sign has been placed on the 1000 dram bill.
Placement on Dram coin
Since year 2008 the original shape of the Sign is present on the reverse side of 5,000 Armenian Dram commemorative coin.
The graphics of the symbol is based on the shape of the first letter of Armenian word "դրամ" (money, pronounced as "dram"). The transformation of the letter toward the monetary symbol is done in accordance with the graphics of the range of foreign monetary signs. As a result, the sign combines its Armenian origin with the two strokes present in the majority of other monetary symbols. The meaning of those two strokes is being revealed by the author's in his lectures.
Copyright and national attributes
To ensure protection of authorship the author has sent requests to Armenian National Standards Institute in 1997 and Copyright Bureau of Library of US Congress in 2001. However, the Article 6 of Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights adopted by the National Assembly of Armenia on 8 December 1999 and revised on 15 June 2006, assert that state emblems and signs are not considered as objects for copyright. Hence, the dram symbol may be referred to national attributes, the mandatory items of which are flag, national seal, anthem and money.
There are the international and republican standards pertinent to money and its symbols:
- ISO 4217, Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds – defines the format of three-letter abbreviation for world monetary instruments. To Armenian dram in it was assigned code AMD.
- Arm.Stand. 34._PHONE_, Character Sets and Keyboards – defines Armenian characters encoding and keyboard layouts. The code for the Sign is 91 and shorthand is 'armdram'.
- Unicode 6.1 and ISO/IEC 10646, Joint standardization for coding multilingual text.
In 2007 Armenian National Institute for Standardization, Measurements and Metrology made an amendment to the Сharacter Sets and Keyboards table and enacted to replace the collocation "Dram sign" by the graphics of the symbol.
On 15 June 2011, the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) accepted the dram sign for inclusion in the future versions of the Unicode Standard and assigned a code for the sign - U+058F (֏). In 2012 the sign was finally adopted in the Armenian block of ISO and Unicode international standards.
Variations of design
Upon creation of Sign's original shape a number of designs for it were developed to conform to the most popular font styles and their derivatives (italic, bold). In 2001 the designs together with the original shape were gifted to the Republic as templates for the national font sets. Below are presented three main templates, however, now there is a variety of the sigh shapes in the Armenian computer fonts.
In 2008 under the auspices of Ministry of Culture of Armenia and Microsoft-Armenia in National Book Chamber of Armenia took place "Granshan 2008" competition for the complete set of Armenian letters and characters, for which were developed styles for the Sign among the other characters and symbols.
The Sign's official presentations have been conducted by the author at the Central Bank of Armenia and at the First historical Congress of Armenian Technologies ArmTech 2007 in San-Francisco, north to Silicon Valley. Also, in order to promulgate it the author arranged lectures at American Corners of Yerevan and Gyumri, and Armenian State University of Economics in Yerevan and Yeghegnadzor, CRRC office, Dilijan college and Armenian National Lyceem after Anania Shirakatsy. Besides, he created this and other similar articles and conducted a presentation at the Public Library after A.Isahakyan, Yerevan.
In connection with celebration of the 15th Anniversary of Armenian Dram in November 2008 the Central Bank of Armenia issued a commemorative coin with the Sign on the reverse side just against Noah's Arch on the National Coat of Arms on obverse. The same year the Sign was widely populated in a number of local periodicals
In 2011 Dram sign appeared on the renewed official site of CBA and in the design of its new Visitors Center.
- ↑ Mouraviev, Serge (Сергей Муравьев). The Mystery of Mesrop Mashtots,"Literaturnaya Armenia" #2, Yerevan, 1985
- ↑ Armenian Dram Sign Establishing Act, The Council of Central Bank of Armenia, Act #25 October 9, 2001
- ↑ _URL_
- ↑ Komendaryan, Ken (Karen), The History of Dram, Dollar, Euro Monetary Symbols, lectures
- ↑ The interview with Karen Komendaryan, The newspaper of Union of Banks of Armenia #4, November, 2008
- ↑ Komendaryan, Ken (Karen) Graphical Symbol for Armenian Dram, "Bazis", First Armenian Economics Magazine #8-9, October-November, Yerevan 2008
- ↑ Arzumanyan, Karen Symbol for Armenian Money, Delovoy Express", Armenian Business Newspaper, #43, 21-28 November Yerevan 2008
- ↑ Zakharyan, Violetta, Valjuntarizm, "Yerevan" Magazine, #12, December Ethnopress Armenia-Russia-USA 2008
- ↑ A Monument to Currency, "Yerevan" Magazine, #12, December 2008
- ↑ Aloyan, Anna, "Economics" Economic, public, cultural analytic magazine #3 (9), Winter 2008-2009
- ↑ Graphical Sign for Armenian Dram, "Tntesaget" official newspaper of Armenian State University of Economics, #9 (641), November 2008
- ↑ '"Tntesaget" official newspaper of Armenian State University of Economics, #4 (645), April


Psychotronic NFB: THE SNIFFING BEAR (1992)
Drugs, drugs, drugs–which are good, which are bad? The NFB has been exploring that very subject since World War II. The Board first tackled the illegal narcotics trade in the 1948 film DRUG ADDICT (and a condensed, re-edited version, PAY OFF IN PAIN), a cautionary tale about a heroin addict. As LSD and marijuana gained prominence in the 1960s and 70s, the NFB continued to plumb this social issue with films including ALMOST EVERYONE DOES, BEYOND KICKS and DARKNESS DARKNESS. But no doubt their oddest contribution to the anti-drug film canon is THE SNIFFING BEAR, a seven-minute animated short from 1992 about the dangers of gasoline huffing.
Sniffing toxic chemicals to get high is a serious problem in many northern communities in Canada, but it is rarely addressed by the media. Not only do users face danger from the damaging effects of the chemicals, but also from the flammability of certain substances where proper precautions are not taken. As most gas huffers get started as young teenagers, it's important to reach young children with a message about why this particular illicit activity can be deadly. That makes THE SNIFFING BEAR fairly unique among the NFB's work–meant for pre-teens, it's the only animated anti-drug film in the NFB's collection.
Even young children might find the way the story unfolds a little odd, though. In trying to create a kid-friendly anti-drug short, there's quite a bit of oversimplification happening in this aimless narrative. Basically, the bear finds a plastic gasoline can just sitting there in a smashed igloo, and almost immediately gets his snout right in there. The other animals in the Arctic setting try to knock the can free, apparently trying to warn the bear. It's an allegory, of course, but not a particularly strong one, as it doesn't really illustrate why the sniffing bear should sniff out a different kind of recreation.
And then there's the problem of the way the bear's fume-addled nightmare is depicted. These kinds of films always run the risk of making a hallucinogenic drug reaction look more fun than fearful, and I'm not sure this one is terribly convincing–the possibilities of freaky mask dreams and frequent naps really isn't so bad. It's the other animals that come off like the real downers, at least at first, trying to keep away his precious gas can. Still, as the bear walks away at the end, the anti-drug message is clear. Or at least as clear as an allegorical tale about gas huffing starring a polar bear can be.
Not all similar NFB films contain an anti-drug message. More recently, the NFB has explored the societal effects on the war on drugs itself in films like DAMAGE DONE: THE DRUG WAR ODYSSEY, FIX: THE STORY OF AN ADDICTED CITY and SOCIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE. Stoned bears aside, it's this progressive attitude, having evolved over more than 60 years, that makes the NFB such a unique Canadian entity–could you imagine the U.S. government stamping it's name on a film that advocated legalizing narcotics? Me neither.
Bizarrest moment: The bear rips up the heavy plastic gasoline canister in a fit of rage. Is that even possible? Those things are built to last!
Lesson learned: Don't do drugs. Especially if you are a two-dimensional polar bear.
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Definition of Calesas
1. calesa [n] - See also: calesa
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Calesas Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Calesas
Literary usage of Calesas
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Glimpses of Spain; Or, Notes of an Unfinished Tour in 1847 by Severn Teackle Wallis (1849)
"... Parson—English and Continental Manners—Spanish Cookery—Rides about the Hills—The Retiro— Villa of the Prussian Consul—calesas and Bombes—Torre Molino...."
2. Letters, Descriptive of Public Monuments, Scenery, and Manners in France and by Mrs Caroline Elizabeth Wilde Cushing, Caroline Elizabeth Cushing (1832)
"... it is, I imagine, to be attributed much less to the necessity of the case, than to settled, constitutional indolence. LETTER XVII. calesas...."
3. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1849)
"And even if granted, it usually, as in the case of the calesas above cited, is either too weak to be useful, or lags behind, or fairly turns tail...."
4. Three Years in the Pacific: Including Notices of Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru by William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger (1834)
"When we reached the Pantheon, which is about a mile from the city, the concourse became a dense crowd, and the road was blocked up with calesas...."
5. Scenes and Adventures in Spain: From 1835 to 1840 by Poco Mas (1845)
"calesas, or headed single-horse chaises, but of very primitive form,... calesas are rarely put in requisition by any but the holidaymaking folks of the..."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Potential Consequences of a Los Angeles Felony Hit and Run
California Vehicle Code §20001 outlines the range of potential consequences for a person who has been convicted of a felony hit and run. The legislative provides a range, and it is up to the Prosecutor and the Judge to determine an appropriate sentence for each individual. In doing so, the Prosecutor will consider the person's criminal history and the specific facts of the case.
A hit and run will be charged as a felony when there is injury to a person. The extent of that injury will be a powerful factor in the Judge's final sentence. The more severe the injury, the higher penalty the sentence will entail. Accordingly, the less severe the injury, the lesser the sentence.
A person who has been charged with felony hit and run for the first time faces up to a year in county jail and a fine ranging from $1000 to $10,000.
The statute recognizes more serious bodily injury that results in death or permanent damage. Drivers who are convicted in a case of hit and run where the person injured suffered death or permanent damage will face 90 days to a year in County Jail, 2 to 4 years in State prison, and/or a fine ranging from $1,000 to $10,000.
Let's consider two different situations. In Scenario A, Dan is driving home and is exhausted. He falls asleep at the wheel momentarily and hits Victor who is out taking a stroll. Victor's is struck at high impact and becomes paralyzed from the neck down. Dan realizing he has hit someone, wakes up and takes off without offering help or leaving information.
In scenario B, Dan is driving home and very tired. He falls asleep at the wheel momentarily and ends up hitting Victor. However, Dan is going slowly as he has taken his foot off the gas pedal and is rolling down the street. When he strikes Victor, Victor only suffers a sprain in his leg and some bruising. Dan aware that he has hit someone gives Victor his contact information but fails to ask Victor if he needs a ride to the hospital.
In scenario A, Dan is likely to be given a higher jail sentence closer to 4 years in State prison and will be likely paying a fine as well. The injury caused to Victor is severe and will result in a lifetime of consequences. In comparison, scenario B, not only was there minimal injury to Victor, but Dan left his contact information. Although he failed to offer medical attention, it seemed that it might not have been necessary. The Court will give Dan in scenario B a lower sentence, possible with minimal to no jail time. With the right powerful argument from an experienced Los Angeles Hit and Run attorney, the court may even dismiss the case and reduce it due to the fact that Dan did adequately leave his contact information.
Contact Information


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Showing all 12 results
Dressing Up Trolleys
Dressing up trolleys are essential in an early years setting. They are perfect for hanging role play clothes or even art aprons and coveralls. Without one children are likely to throw their discarded clothes on the floor. And that does not promote good and tidy housekeeping habits in children.
Children throw themselves into dressing up because it is fun and engaging. Learning to dress up and engage in role play is something they can do on their own or with a friend. Communicating with each other is key and getting encouragement from peers is also inspiring.
It is important children are allowed to express themselves through role play because it encourages creativity and imagination. Are they going to be a princess? Or are they going to be a knight in shining armour? Perhaps they may be a ballerina or a football player? Whilst it is important children have an outlet for their creativity, likewise they need somewhere that clearly defines the imaginative area.
And don't forget the humble Dressing Up Trolley offers more than a place to hang clothes and aprons. For example, many designs come with useful storage and trays. Always handy in a busy early years environment. And the wire mobile cloakroom storage trolley remains a firm favourite with its storage tray and coat hooks.
So dressing up trolleys definitely keep clothes neat and tidy. Yet they denote the area for role play and imaginative play as well.
A reminder of the key benefits:
- inspire creativity and imagination
- provide useful hanging and storage space
- allow dressing up clothes to be kept neat and tidy
- define a specific area within the classroom


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Cloak of deceit.
Dear Word Detective: I was just reading an old column of yours on the phrase "made it up out of whole cloth" to mean "lying" and wondered, given the textile reference, if there is any connection between "fabrication" and "fabric." — Tim Maguire.
That sounds like the foundation of a bad pun, but it's actually a good question. Of course, that presumes that there is such a thing as a "good" pun, an assertion I would contest. For some reason, probably born of a childhood trauma now buried in a cobwebbed corner of my psyche, I loathe puns. Feh.
Don't mind me; I'm in a bad mood because I have to type this with an index finger badly bitten by an ungrateful cat. Long story. Where were we? Yes, there is a family connection between "fabric" and "fabrication," but the connection between "fabric" in the "cloth" sense and "fabrication" in the "lie" sense is very indirect, akin to that between two second cousins who only met once, as children.
But before we proceed, we'd better take a moment to explain "to make something up out of whole cloth," meaning to invent a story that contains not even a smidgen of truth. "Whole cloth" has been used since the 15th century to mean a large piece of cloth in its original state, not yet cut up for sewing. As a metaphor in use since the 19th century for a story completely invented out of thin air, "from whole cloth" carries the same sense of "starting from the absolute beginning" as is found in the phrase "starting from scratch," which originally referred to a scratch or line drawn on the ground as the starting line for a race.
In the case of "fabric" and "fabrication," the connection is a common root, the Latin noun "faber," meaning a craftsman such as a carpenter or blacksmith. The derivative "fabrica" meant "workshop" or "product," and the verb "fabricare" meant "to make or build."
That verb "fabricare" eventually gave us the English word "fabricate," which appeared in the late 16th century with the meaning of "to make, construct or manufacture" anything that requires skill, but by the early 20th century "fabricate" had taken on the specific meaning of "to semi-finished materials into a finished product," as one might "fabricate" bumpers from rolled steel. (Whatever happened to steel bumpers, anyway?) Meanwhile, back in the 18th century, that "make or construct" sense had led to the use of "fabricate" to mean "constructing" a story that was utterly untrue, which gave us "fabrication" meaning just such a lie.
The original meaning of "fabric," when it first appeared in English in the late 15th century (derived via the French "fabrique" from the Latin "fabrica") was, literally, "building" ("A vaulted fabric without wood or iron-work, three stories high," 1756). "Fabric" went on to mean pretty much anything that could be built or manufactured, but settled down in the mid-18th century to being used in our modern sense to mean "textile, cloth." Interestingly, so complete has this narrowing process been that even figurative references to "the fabric of the universe," etc., are usually based on this "textile" sense of "fabric" ("Faith in the Unseen and reverence for the Divine … are inwoven in the very fabric of our nature," 1877).
So there is a connection between "fabric" and "fabrication," but it has nothing to do with "whole cloth" and making stuff up. Honest.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Repopulating units
I.A.1. Introduction
When we inject distinguishable cell mixtures into recipients and measure the percentage of differentiated cells produced by each type, differences in the raw percentage greatly underestimate the actual difference in numbers of stem cells. Figure I.1 below provides an example where all stem cells produce equal amounts of differentiated cells. Two, four, or eight stem cells (white circles) from donors 1, 2, or n, respectively, are mixed with a standard dose of 4 genetically marked competitor stem cells (black circles) and grafted into irradiated recipients. Recipients of 2 donor stem cells have 2/6 (33%) of differentiated cells from the donor type. Recipients of 4 donor stem cells have 4/8 (50%) donor type, and recipients of 8 donor stem cells have 8/12 (66%). Note that a doubling in number of donor stem cells, from 2 to 4, increases differentiated cells only 17%. A 4-fold (400%) increase in donor stem cells, from 2 to 8, increases differentiated cells only 33%.
Figure I.1. Changes in percentages of differentiated cells underestimate degrees of changes in stem cells.
To accurately reflect the actual differences in functional activities relative to the function of the standard competitor, we have developed the concept of the repopulating unit (RU), where the number of donor RUs = the number of competitor RUs x (%Donor / 100 – %Donor). (Details are provided in Figure I.3, below.)
I.A.2. Terminology
Table I.1 provides definitions of terms used throughout the discussion on our assays.
Table I.1. Terms and definitions related to our HSC assays.
I.A.3. Competitive repopulation assays
We measure HSCs using functional assays after bone marrow transplants. We inject a mixture of donor and competitor marrow, in which the original donor cells are distinguished from other cell types, such as the competitor and recipient, by genetic markers, such as ubiquitously expressed GPI isozyme differences. In the recipient, the HSCs produce erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and monocytes/macrophages as well as lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). Figure I.2 is an overview of the HSC functional assay.
Figure I.2. The long-term competitive repopulation assay measures the ability to produce differentiated cells relative to the standard competitor.
Because partially differentiated, yet multi-lineage, precursor cells continue to produce mature cells for up to 3 months, we compare percentages of differentiated cells descended from donor and competitor precursors 4–6 months after the transplantation. By this time, essentially all mature cells are descendants of the primitive HSCs (Jordan and Lemischka, 1990; Harrison and Zhong, 1992; Morrison and Weissman, 1994; Spangrude et al., 1995; Zhong et al., 1996). Although functional assays could be run on platelets, granulocytes or other myeloid cells, we usually use erythrocytes and lymphocytes.
I.A.4. Repopulating unit (RU) values
RU values measure donor HSC function relative to standard competitor HSCs. Figure I.3 illustrates how RU values are calculated.
Figure I.3. RU values are calculated from % donor-type cells in the recipients in competitive repopulation.
Fetal and adult (or adult and old) donors are used with the same genetically distinguishable competitor pool for each strain in each experiment, so that RU values are based on the same standard. HSC and HSC-EXP functions from each donor are evaluated using RU and RU expansion, respectively. To determine RU values, each of 4 lethally irradiated recipients receive a mixture of 1 million donor cells plus 1 million cells from the pool of standard genetically distinguishable competitor marrow. RU values are calculated from percentages of donor-type erythrocytes and lymphocytes in the recipients, where the relative repopulating abilities of 100,000 competitor marrow cells is defined as one RU. RU values at 4 weeks reflect short-lived precursors; RU values after 4–6 months reflect long-lived HSCs. In our studies, HSCs are quantified after 4 months. HSC-EXPs are quantified the same way, except the cells come from carriers rather than from the original donors.
I.A.5. Repopulating unit-expanded (RU-EXP) values
To determine RU expanded (RU-EXP) values, each of 2–3 lethally irradiated carriers receives 1 million donor marrow cells. After 4 months, BMCs are collected from healthy carriers and pooled for each donor. If desired, numbers of HSCs can be measured by antibody or dye exclusion markers in a portion of the marrow. Donor RU expansion in the carrier, i.e., total RUs per carrier per million donor cells, is quantified by RU-EXP values, as illustrated in Figure I.4.
Figure I.4. How HSC-EXP functions are estimated from RU-EXP values.
Long-term RU values are tested 4 months after transplantation of the mixture of 10 million carrier cells and one million standard competitor cells into each recipient. High doses of carrier marrow are needed, because after serial transplantation, BMCs repopulate far less effectively than cells transplanted directly from a donor (Harrison et al., 1990;Chen et al, 2000a; Yuan et al, 2005).
I.A.6. Advantages of RU and RU-EXP assays vs. other HSC assays
In vitro tests of HSCs may fail to predict actual long-term repopulating abilities and, especially, generation of HSCs. In contrast, HSC-EXPs, meaured as expansion of repopulating abilities in serial carriers, directly test long-term functional phenotypes. For example, "Long Term Colony-Initiating Cell" (LTC-IC) populations contain precursors capable of long-term repopulation in vivo (Cho and Müller-Sieburg, 2000), but LTC-IC precursor frequencies in vitro for C57BL/6J (B6) mice are consistently 5- to 10-fold less than for BALB/cByJ (BALB) or DBA/2J (D2) mice (Müller-Sieburg and Riblet, 1996;Chen et al., 2000b), as are cobblestone area-forming frequencies (de Haan et al., 2000). However, numbers of long-term functional HSCs are about 1 per 100,000 bone marrow cells (BMCs) in both BALB and B6 mice (Zhong et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1999). Most importantly, after serial transplantation of equal numbers of BMCs, those from young adult B6 donors produced RU-EXP values in carriers 2- to 3-fold greater than did BMCs from BALB or D2 donors (Chen et al., 2000a; Yuan et al., 2005). Thus, the strain pattern for RU expansion is the opposite of that for LTC-ICs. Because assays in vitro can give results opposite from long-term measures of repopulation in vivo, it is important to assay function in vivo, even when most work is in vitro, to be sure that the tissue culture results are relevant to results in the mice.


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Dáil Éireann - Volume 473 - 23 January, 1997
Written Answers. - Students with Disabilities.
Dr. Woods Dr. Woods
 33. Dr. Woods asked the Minister for Education if she will introduce a charter of rights for students with disabilities to ensure that every student with a disability has the right to an education and to essential support services; and if she will make a statement on the matter. [24649/96]
Minister for Education (Ms Bhreathnach) Niamh Bhreathnach
Minister for Education (Ms Bhreathnach): I do not propose to introduce a formal charter of rights for students with disabilities. I am satisfied that the proposals outlined in the White Paper on Education, "Charting our Education Future" and ecompassed in the Education Bill, 1997, will give all students with a disability a right of access to suitable education and support services.
A fundamental principle reflected in the White Paper and the Education Bill is that all students, regardless of their personal circumstances, have a right of access to and participation in the education system, according to their potential and ability.
The objective is to ensure to the maximum possible extent that all children with disabilities will have access to suitably resourced education services in their own areas and within the ordinary school system.
I am satisfied that the measures outlined in the White Paper and in the Education Bill provide adequate assurance to people with disabilities that their rights to an education service are being fully respected and provided for.
Dáil Éireann 473 Written Answers. Students with Disabilities.


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In the Karlsruhe physics course one defines the term "substance-like" quantity:
Let my cite the definition from a paper by Falk, Herrmann and Schmid:
"There is a class of physical quantities whose characteristics are especially easy to visualize: those extensive physical quantities to which a density can be assigned. These include electric charge, mass, amount of substance (number of particles), and others. Because of the fundamental role these quantities play throughout science and because such quantities can be distributed in and flow through space, we give them a designation of their own: substance-like."
Are there examples of extensive quantities, which are not substance-like? I think volume is one example, since it seems to make no sense to assign a density to it, are there others?
Now the authors write that a quantity can only be conserved if it is substance-like, let my cite this from an other publication:
F. Herrmann, writes: "It is important to make clear that the question of conservation or non-conservation only makes sense with substance-like quantities. Only in the context of substance-like quantities does it make sense to ask the question of whether they are conserved or not. The question makes no sense in the case of non-substance-like quantities such as field strength or temperature."
So my second question is: Why has a conserved quantity to be substance like? It would be great if one could give me a detailed explanation (or a counterexample if he thinks the statement is wrong).
Are there resources where the ideas cited above are introduced with some higher degree of detail and rigour?


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Until 1856, when the National School was built, education in Ivybridge was provided by a number of private schools.
Between 1870 and 1902 school boards were established in England and Wales. These public bodies had the authority to establish and administer elementary schools under the Elementary Act 1870. They were able to raise funds from a rate, build and run non-denominational schools where inadequacy prevailed, pay the fees of the poorest children, and if deemed necessary, create a by-law to make attendance compulsory between the ages of 5 and 13, before the Elementary Education Act 1880 included this. School boards were eventually replaced by local education authorities at the turn of the century.


Honda CR-V P2197: 02 Sensor B2S1 – Signal Stuck Lean
P2197 is a general DTC code that indicates that the signal coming from your Honda CR-V's first O2 sensor on the bank two side of the engine is stuck giving off a lean signal. The voltage reading from a normal oxygen sensor should look something like a heartbeat, whereas with P2197 the voltage looks like a low voltage flatline).
P2197 Honda CR-V
P2197 is not a manufacturer specific code, which means it has the same basic meaning for any vehicle. It is most typically caused by a bad O2 sensor, but there can A LOT of issues that can cause this code. You will need to know how to find bank 2, which you can do by clicking here.
Honda CR-V P2197 Symptoms
CR-V P2197 Check Engine Light On
The symptoms associated with P2197 can be varied. Often, the check engine light will be the only symptom.
 - Check engine light
 - Rough running engine
 - Misfire
 - Hard/Rough start
 - Difficulty idling
P2197 Common Causes
P2197 Causes Honda CR-V
 - Oxygen Sensor– The B2S1 oxygen sensor could be bad, or the wiring going to/from it could have issues. The wiring that goes to all of the O2 sensors is some of the most error prone on any vehicle, including the Honda CR-V. It gets more exposure to the elements and heat, which can lead to an open/short situation.
 - Bad Sensor– The PCM relies on the MAF, ECT, A/F sensors to help it adjust the air/fuel ratio. When they go bad, it may force the air/fuel mixture to lean out, which in turn can throw P2197.
 - Vacuum Leak– A vacuum leak allows UNMETERED air to enter into the combustion chamber, changing the air/fuel mixture.
 - Fuel System– A bad fuel injector or the wrong fuel pressure can cause P2197.
 - Exhaust Leak– An exhaust leak allows the exhaust to exit somewhere other than the tailpipes. If there is too much exhaust that is allowed to leave, it'll show up as a lean condition.
P2197 Diagnosis: Honda CR-V
P2197 Diagnosis
Here are some diagnostic steps that you can use to diagnose this code from home.
Capture the Short/Long Term Fuel Trim Values
If you happen to have access to a scan tool, you can use it to capture the short and long term fuel trim values. You'll need to make sure that the engine is warmed up before you do this.
Doing this will help you determine if the O2 sensor is operating within spec without having to do any looking under the hood.
While this isn't a skill most DIY mechanics have, the concept is simple, and you can learn enough to use fuel trim to your advantage by watching this 11 minute video (it's worth it).
Swap Test
Since your CR-V has a V6, V8, or V10 engine, there are two banks (one for each head), which means you can do the swap test to determine if the bank 2 sensor 1 oxygen sensor is bad. You just swap the bank 1 and bank 2 oxygens sensors. Here's what you do:
 1. Clear the codes with your scanner.
 3. Run the engine until the check engine light comes back on.
 4. If the code changes to P2195 (which indicates the O2 sensor on Bank 1 is stuck lean), that is enough proof that you need a new O2 sensor.
 5. If the code remains P2197, you'll need to continue pursuing your diagnosis, knowing that both O2 sensors are working fine.
Check the O2 Sensor Harness
You can use a multimeter to check for any short or open circuits at the wiring harness. A quick visual inspection can often tell you if there is something wrong, but not in the way the use of a multimeter will.
Vacuum Leaks
Often a worn or brittle vacuum line will allow unmetered air into the engine. When this happens, it creates a lean condition.
You can test for a vacuum leak around the vacuum lines and the intake manifold. A common method is to spray carb cleaner around the intake/vacuum lines. When the spot is found the engine will rev higher with no throttle input.
Obviously, carb cleaner is super flammable. So be CAREFUL. Make sure you have a form of fire suppression available to you.
Fuel Issues
Since you your CR-V has an engine with 2 banks (not an inline engine) and you're getting P2197 without getting P2195, it could mean that an injector has gone bad. If there was a fuel pressure issue, you'd likely get P2195.
Further Testing
If you've looked over all of the items listed above, and you still haven't diagnosed P2197 in your vehicle, don't give up.
 - Take a look at the MAF and IAT sensors. They could be telling the engine the wrong amount of air is entering the combustion chamber.
 - Check to see if there are any TSB's for your engine and model year.
P2197 CR-V Conclusion: Usually the O2 Sensor
P2197 can be caused by a lot of issues, you'll more than likely be replacing an oxygen sensor though. Good luck diagnosing your vehicle!
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text:
Neal Spencer, British Museum
In the next few days, our sixth excavation season begins.
Amara West was the pharaonic capital of conquered Upper Nubia in the late second millennium BC. Thus far, we have gained important insights into how houses were modified over time to suit individual needs, religious practises in the home, but also the impact of a changing landscape.
Analyses undertaken by a range of specialists, both inside the British Museum and at universities involved in the project, are casting light on plant exploitation practises, technologies for producing ceramics, the presence of luxurious imports from afar, and the complex array of funerary traditions evident in the cemeteries, including pyramid tombs and funerary masks, but also Nubian tumulus graves.
Highlights from Amara West will continue to be featured on this blog, as in previous years, but for more regular updates as the season progresses – the discovery of buildings, objects, burials that shed light on life in a pharaonic town in occupied Nubia – follow our dedicated project blog: blog.amarawest.britishmuseum.org.
So far, you can read a preview of upcoming excavations in the ancient town, including excavation of a villa outside the town wall, and of the last house remaining in neighbourhood E13.3. And, across a now-dry Nile channel, Michaela Binder describes the excavations she will be leading in cemetery C, a burial ground providing fascinating insights into the mixture of Egyptian and Nubian funerary cultures in the early first millennium BC.
Follow _USER_ on Twitter for further updates from the excavations.
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text:
We study the effects of structural inhomogeneity on the quasi-static growth of strike-slip faults. A layered medium is considered, made up of an upper layer bounded by a free surface and welded to a lower half-space with different elastic property. Mode III crack is employed as a mathematical model of strike-slip fault, which is nucleated in the lower half-space and then propagates towards the interface. We adopt FEM-β, newly proposed analysis method for failure, to simulate the quasi-statistic crack growth governed by the stress distribution in layered media. Our results show that along planar traces across interfaces a compliant upper layer has significant effects on promoting/ suppressing crack growth before/after its extension into the layer and vice versa for a rigid one. This proposes a possibility that surface breaks due to strike-slip faulting could be arrested by deposit layers at the topmost part of the Earth's crust.
- Dynamics and mechanics of faulting
- Earthquake dynamics
- Fracture and faults
- Mechanics, theory and modelling
- Numerical solutions
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geochemistry and Petrology


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Flowability of powders in Kjemi
Powders are widely used in a range of applications within the pharmaceutical, chemical, metallurgical and food industries. They are three-phase systems containing complex and variable solid particles, as well as an unquantified amount of air and a degree of moisture. As a result, powder behaviour is an intricate interaction of all three phases and is influenced by a vast array of parameters. This makes both measurement and processing demanding.
Although there are many powder testing techniques available, the article suggests that in order to deliver true value, methods must be reliable, reproducible and relevant. Techniques that meet these essential criteria can guide formulation specialists and process engineers through the challenges of working with powders. In order to obtain an in-depth understanding of how a powder will behave in different situations a multivariate approach is in most cases a necessity.
To read the article in Norwegian, please visit Kjemii, or contact us for more information.


text:
(The). The six points of the People's Charter,
formulated in 1848, are: Manhood Suffrage (now practically
Vote by Ballot (established).
Abolition of Property.
Qualification for Members of Parliament (the Qualification Test is
abolished). Equal Electoral Districts.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
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text:
Income-Averaging Annuity for Artists
If you are a person authorized to offer an eligible income-averaging annuity and you pay an amount under such an annuity to a recognized artist, you must withhold income tax equal to 25.75% on the amounts paid and remit the amount to us within 30 days.
If you fail to withhold an amount, or if you withhold less than 25.75% (for example, if you withhold 20% instead of 25.75%), you must pay us the difference yourself. However, you may recover the amount from the beneficiary.
Any amount you pay during the year from an income-averaging annuity must be entered on the artist's RL-2 slip (see courtesy translation RL-2-T) that you file.
Eligible income-averaging annuity
An eligible income-averaging annuity is an income-averaging annuity established by agreement that meets the following requirements:
- The annuity is acquired through a single payment.
- The amounts provided for under the income-averaging annuity are paid in equal annual or more frequent periodic payments of sufficient amounts to ensure full payment of the annuity over no more than seven years from the date of the first payment.
- The first annuity payment is made no later than 10 months after the date of the single payment made to acquire the annuity.
- The artist is entitled to request full or partial commutation of the annuity at any time.
- The annuity can be paid only to the artist or, if that individual dies, to his or her succession or designated beneficiary, as the case may be.
- The artist's interest in the contract cannot be disposed of other than by the surrender or cancellation of the annuity by the authorized person, except in the case of the artist's death.
- The artist's interest in the contract cannot be pledged or transferred as security in any manner whatsoever.
- The contract complies with the standard contract previously approved by us.


Figure 2.
Change of the proportion of the epigenetic variance over the total genetic variance (Re2) as a function of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HED) coefficients formed between the original allele and epiallele in a natural population after DNA methylation. The total and epigenetic genetic variances are calculated by assuming population genetic parameters (p, q, u, D1e, D2e, D12) ≡ (0.4, 0.6, u, D1e, D2e, 0) (allowing u, D1e, and D2e to change) and quantitative genetic parameters (a1, ae, d1e, d2e, d12) ≡ (0.4, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05).
Wang et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2012 13:274 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-274
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TEDx Indianapolis
The inaugural TEDx Indianapolis event features a variety of national and local thinkers giving scintillating talks related to the theme Design Learning: What does learning look like in the future? What frameworks can design thinking offer for solving our greatest challenges? How do we trigger and harness the energy from the collision of disciplines? If the mind is a muscle, how does technology shape it? How do we prepare 21st century citizens to design game-changing solutions and forge unlikely innovations?
Presented by the International School of Indiana, Big Car, and the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
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Indianapolis Museum of Art 4000 Michigan Rd., Indianapolis, IN


text: Helena National Forest is located in west central Montana and surrounds the capital city of Helena. The forest contains 976,000 acres and is one of 10 national forests in the state. The Forest has a wide diversity of land types, ranging from sagebrush-type low elevation rang elands to peaks rising over 9,400 feet. The Forest is roughly divided into two portions. The westerly portion, with the Continental Divide forming the backbone, extends from the south edge of the Bob Marshall Wilderness to just east of the town of Deer Lodge. The easterly portion, lying in the Big Belt mountain range, extends from the south edge of the State of Montana Beartooth Game Range, and runs to just east of Townsend. This Forest contains the Gates of the Mountain Wilderness Area and a portion of the Scapegoat Wilderness Area.Big-game species found in the area include bear, elk, moose, big horn sheep, mule and whitetail deer and Rocky Mountain goat. Along the trails, naturalists and photographers can see a variety of songbirds, hawks, eagles and owls. In shaded groves, along quiet pools and out on the windswept range, gophers, chipmunks, beaver, porcupine, woodchucks, rabbits, squirrels and other animals can be watched and photographed.


text:
Rye bread consumption in early life and reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer
Cancer Causes and Control, 05/04/2012
Torfadottir JE et al. – The results suggest that rye bread consumption in adolescence may be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly advanced disease.Methods
- From 2002 to 2006, 2,268 men, aged 67–96years, reported their dietary habits in the AGES-Reykjavik cohort study.
- Dietary habits were assessed for early life, midlife, and current life using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
- Through linkage to cancer and mortality registers, the authors retrieved information on PCa diagnosis and mortality through 2009.
- They used regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for PCa according to whole-grain consumption, adjusted for possible confounding factors including fish, fish liver oil, meat, and milk intake.
- Of the 2,268 men, 347 had or were diagnosed with PCa during follow-up, 63 with advanced disease (stage 3+ or died of PCa).
- Daily rye bread consumption in adolescence (vs. less than daily) was associated with a decreased risk of PCa diagnosis (OR=0.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.98) and of advanced PCa (OR=0.47, 95 % CI: 0.27–0.84).
- High intake of oatmeal in adolescence (≥5 vs. ≥4 times/week) was not significantly associated with risk of PCa diagnosis (OR=0.99, 95 % CI: 0.77–1.27) nor advanced PCa (OR=0.67, 95 % CI: 0.37–1.20).
- Midlife and late life consumption of rye bread, oatmeal, or whole-wheat bread was not associated with PCa risk.


text:
We are pleased to announce the new major releases of PLAXIS 2D, PLAXIS 3D, and PLAXIS Monopile Designer CONNECT Edition Version 22.00 as well the update pack PLAXIS LE CONNECT Edtion V21.04. The section below will highlight the notable changes and advantages that these releases will bring to our users.
PLAXIS V22 brings a major overhaul to the data structure of the material database and a more flexible and more robust way of handling project units. Due to these major changes, PLAXIS V22 will be installed alongside PLAXIS V21, instead of overwriting it. We have also taken precautions to prevent overwriting old projects: when opening, for example, V21 projects with PLAXIS V22, projects will automatically be saved as a converted copy with the _converted suffix. After the conversion, remeshing and recalculation are required. In this case, the original V21 project will remain unchanged. For V21 projects that only have their geometry and/or some material sets defined and are not calculated or meshed, these projects will be opened by V22 without converting to a saved copy. This means that in this case, once you save the project with V22, the original V21 project data is overwritten and saved with the new material database structure. It can then no longer be opened in V21.
For projects that include design approaches, during the conversion process from V21 to V22, all the defined design approaches and the material factors, as well as assignment of design approaches in the staged construction are converted, however the assignment of the material factor labels to the material models parameters are not carried over and therefore the user will need to re-assign these material factor labels.
Note that these converted projects are stored in the file format for PLAXIS V22, this means that earlier versions of PLAXIS will not be able to open the converted project files. To continue using V21, users can just open the original V21 project.
The major overhaul of the data structure of the material database brings the user better command line support, a side-panel warning and error system, and richer editing experience. When editing or inputting any of the material model parameters in the GUI, the PLAXIS software will now issue individual commands. This gives users traceability and leads to more easily understanding the command structure and objects names when considering automation using e.g. Python scripting.
In previous releases, PLAXIS would always warn or give errors about incorrect parameter ranges, or ratios between parameters when closing a material dataset and prevented exiting the dataset window until all errors were resolved. These warnings and errors are now part of the new side-panel warning and error system. By default, the warnings are collapsed and may be ignored by more advanced users. When expanding the side-panel warnings by clicking the "Show full feedback" link, it will show all the errors, warnings, and hints for the material dataset. Errors will gradually disappear as the user fills in the parameters, and these errors will only remain if there are true issues with the user's input.
This new side panel warning system also enables users to close a material set even if it has errors. The local and global material databases will give a visual clue that a material set is invalid. Of course, the pre-calculation checks done by PLAXIS will still prevent the user to calculate with invalid material sets.
For more information on some of these changes, see:
Creep is a common feature that occurs in rocks, for example, rock salt. Creep becomes an important factor in deformation and stress redistribution when considering the timescale of deep underground structures, like gas caverns or radioactive waste disposal sites that are designed to last hundreds of years. The pre-existing N2PC model based on Norton's model for steady-state creep was introduced in 2018 and offered users capabilities to reproduce the basic features of creep in primarily rock salt, like temperature (2D only) and stress-dependent creep rates, 2 creep regimes, etc. This original model did not have a plastic failure mechanism, so based on user feedback we included such a failure mechanism to extend the model capabilities and uses. With the N2PC-MCT model released in the CONNECT Edition V22, we extend the original model with a Mohr-Coulomb and Tension cut-off failure surface (hence MCT). This extension allows the model to now not only perform accurate deformation analysis but also failure analysis, considering the time-dependent behavior of rocks at time scales spanning ten to hundreds of years.
For more info and background, see UDSM: N2PC-Salt and N2PC-MCT.
Rock is not a homogeneous material: the presence of faults, fractures, joints, and weakness planes influence the mechanical behaviour, often more than the properties of the rock material itself. In PLAXIS, constitutive models such as Jointed Rock and Hoek-Brown capture the behavior of small, smeared discontinuities, while the larger explicit discontinuities have traditionally been modelled through Interface elements. The new Discontinuity elements, introduced for PLAXIS 2D in Version 22, enable a simpler modelling workflow. Discontinuity elements simulate the localized effects of discontinuities in rock, including opening/closing and sliding. Discontinuities decouple the nodes in the mesh, enabling the relative displacement between the two faces of the opening, which are linked by a set of independent springs for which normal (kn) and shear (ks) stiffnesses can be specified. The mechanical properties of Discontinuities are defined through their own material sets, instead of depending on the surrounding material, which makes them easier to use and to port from project to project.
Read here on the comparison of the Jointed Rock model and these new Discontinuity elements: Modelling Rock mass using discrete discontinuities vs Jointed Rock
In today's complex and multidisciplinary infrastructure projects there is a growing need to shorten the iterative process between geotechnical and structural analysis teams and re-use readily available model data, rather than rely on the exchange of some linear and uncoupled spring values between these teams.
With Soil-structure interaction analysis using super-elements, PLAXIS can smoothly connect the numerous structural analysis load cases with the geotechnical analysis model at the soil-structure interface.
The initial structural analysis package that PLAXIS can interoperate with in this way is RAM Elements. From the RAM Elements analysis, special files can be generated from the run load cases, which are subsequently imported by the user into PLAXIS 3D as super elements. Once the super elements are imported the user can select these in the Model Explorer and create "structural models" out of them. Users will need to ensure the geotechnical model contains the structure's imprint (i.e. the structure's outer confines) to create the correct interface (size and location) between the soil and the structure, so that the super element is applied correctly. A created "structural model" is then activated by the user in a phase in the staged construction mode, to include the structure's contribution at the soil-structure interface in the calculation. Once the calculation is finished, each phase with an active "structural model" will generate a results file with more accurate or realistic reaction forces and displacements at the soil-structure interface, based on the soil's true non-linear response. The files and values therein can be used in RAM Elements as input for subsequent structural analysis.
The switch to full parametric geometry back in PLAXIS 3D 2016, allowed users to deal with progressively more complex geometry and a more optimized, accurate mesh representation of the model geometry. The switch also meant that the CAD import in PLAXIS 3D no longer supported triangulated surfaces or triangulated volumes for the *.DXF, *.STP and *. STEP formats. Triangulated topographic surfaces had to be converted into NURBS-surfaces by the user, usually with an intermediate step in CAD software, before importing them into PLAXIS 3D. Such a surface would lose its details depending on the degree of smoothing applied by users during conversion to a NURBS-surface. For sub-surface topography the smoothing might be acceptable and could even improve the analysis by smoothing out unnecessary details. For other cases, for example surfaces that have steep inclines like open pit mine geometries, this might not be desirable.
In Version 22, PLAXIS 3D directly deals with triangulated surface and sub-surface topography again, through the introduction of *.OBJ and *.STL import. The intermediate conversion step is eliminated which makes it easier for users to import triangulated surfaces coming from applications like MicroStation, PLAXIS Designer, or Leapfrog, while at the same time retaining the original details of the surface.
Once triangulated surfaces have been imported, they mesh in the same way as every other surface in PLAXIS considering manual or automatic refining and coarsening, while retaining the surface's original shape. Note that this functionality is currently available as a Technology Preview and cannot be guaranteed to work in all cases. One known limitation for this functionality is that geometry with very steep inclines over larger heights, will see some of those inclines to be smoothed out, like we could see with an open-pit mine geometry. In future versions of PLAXIS 3D, the robustness of this new functionality will be improved (including honoring steep inclines in the geometry), also considering feedback from users trying this functionality.
In addition to offering triangulated surface import, users will now also get more informative messages when trying to import files into PLAXIS, hinting at probable causes and solutions for these errors. Warnings could be partially failed import, difference in units between the importable and the project, geometry


This requires reusable techniques for the detection of changes between different process models and the computation of dependencies and conflicts between changes. In this paper, we propose a framework for the construction of process model change management solutions that provides generic techniques for the detection of differences and the computation of dependencies and conflicts between changes. The framework contains an abstract representation for process models that serves as a common denominator for different process models. In addition, we show how the framework is instantiated exemplarily for BPMN.}, author = {Gerth, Christian and Küster, Jochen and Engels, Gregor}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 12th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS'09). Denver (CO, USA)}, pages = {152--166}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Language-Independent Change Management of Process Models}}, doi = {_URL_ volume = {5795 }, year = {2009}, } _USER_{8011, abstract = {Enterprises are transforming into enterprises which follow from a business as well as from an IT perspective a service-oriented paradigm. This change towards service-oriented enterprise and IT architectures has to be reflected in the methodologies of developing whole application landscapes as well as individual applications. Quasar (Quality Software Architecture) has been developed as the standard architecture and development method of Capgemini sd&m for individual applications. For the development of service-oriented enterprise application landscapes, Quasar Enterprise has been designed. Both Quasar and Quasar Enterprise are integrated with each other within a holistic software engineering method to seamlessly cover the full development lifecycle of service-oriented application landscapes, from business modeling and service design to actual software development. In this paper, we illustrate how a company-wide ontology of development artifacts serves as the key feature for integrating both methods.}, author = {Baumann, Andrea and Engels, Gregor and Hofmann, Alexander and Sauer, Stefan and Willkomm, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First NAF Academy Working Conference on Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation (PRET 2009), Amsterdam (The Netherlands)}, pages = {1--17}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{A Holistic Software Engineering Method for Service-Oriented Application Landscape Development}}, doi = {_URL_ volume = {28}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{8016, author = {Güldali, Baris and Mlynarski, Michael and Wübbeke, Andreas and Engels, Gregor}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Euromicro SEAA Conference 2009, Special Session on "Model Driven Engineering"}, pages = {121--124}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {{Model-Based System Testing Using Visual Contracts}}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{9735, abstract = {Die Entwicklung piezoelektrischer Tr{\"a}gheitsmotoren basiert derzeit auf Erfahrungswissen und Prototypenbau. Es existiert kein allgemeines Modell und keine Methodik f{\"u}r die systematische Entwicklung dieser Motoren. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Entwicklung einer solchen Methodik und den von uns aufgebauten Versuchsmotor vor. Der Motor ist modular aufgebaut; er besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer piezoelektrischen Antriebseinheit, einem Antriebsstab und dem zu bewegenden Schlitten. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe bei der modellbasierten Entwicklung von Tr{\"a}gheitsmotoren ist die hinreichende Beschreibung des dynamischen Verhaltens der Antriebseinheit. Um ein geeignetes Modell zu finden, bzw. um nachzuweisen, dass einfache parametrische Modelle gen{\"u}gen, wird die Antriebseinheit des Motors detailliert untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass der derzeitige Aufbau eine Reihe von Nachteilen aufweist, die durch eine teilweise Neukonstruktion der Antriebseinheit beseitigt oder zumindest entsch{\"a}rft werden k{\"o}nnen.}, author = {Hunstig, Matthias and Hemsel, Tobias}, booktitle = {6. Paderborner Workshop Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme}, editor = {Gausemeier, Jürgen and Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm and Trächtler, Ansgar}, issn = {_PHONE_}, keyword = {Piezoelektrischer Tr{\}, pages = {85--96}, publisher = {Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn}, title = {{Modellbasierte Entwicklung piezoelektrischer Trägheitsmotoren}}, volume = {250}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{9742, abstract = {New mechatronic systems, called self-optimizing systems, are able to adapt their behavior according to environmental, user and system specific influences. Self-optimizing systems are complex and due to their non-deterministic behavior comprise hidden risks, which cannot be foreseen in the design phase of the system. Therefore, this paper presents modifications of the current condition monitoring policy, to be able to cope with this new kind of systems. Beside avoiding critical situations evoked by self-optimization, the proposed concept uses self-optimization to increase the dependability of the system. In this case, the concept is applied to the active guidance module of an innovative rail-bound vehicle.}, author = {Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph and Sextro, Walter}, booktitle = {Future Computing, Service Computation, Cognitive, Adaptive, Content, Patterns, 2009. COMPUTATIONWORLD '09. Computation World:}, keyword = {condition monitoring, mechatronic systems, rail bound vehicle, rail guidance module, self-optimization, self-optimizing function modules, condition monitoring, mechatronics, railway rolling stock, self-adjusting systems}, pages = {15 --20}, title = {{Towards the Integration of Condition Monitoring in Self-Optimizing Function Modules}}, doi = {10.1109/ComputationWorld.2009.47}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{16524, author = {Blesken, Matthias and Ruckert, Ulrich and Steenken, Dominik and Witting, Katrin and Dellnitz, Michael}, booktitle = {2009 NORCHIP}, isbn = {9781424443109}, title = {{Multiobjective optimization for transistor sizing of CMOS logic standard cells using set-oriented numerical techniques}}, doi = {10.1109/norchp.2009._PHONE_}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{17887, author = {Peckhaus, Volker}, booktitle = {Rainer Piepmeier, „Wenn wir aber nicht hören wollen". Eine Aporie der Praktischen Philosophie – Abschiedsvorlesung}, pages = {3--7}, title = {{Zur Verabschiedung von Rainer Piepmeier am 15. Juli 2008}}, volume = {114}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{17262, abstract = {A difficulty in robot action learning is that robots do not know where to attend when observing action demonstration. Inspired by human parent-infant interaction, we suggest that parental action demonstration to infants, called motionese, can scaffold robot learning as well as infants. Since infants knowledge about the context is limited, which is comparable to robots, parents are supposed to properly guide their attention by emphasizing the important aspects of the action. Our analysis employing a bottom-up attention model revealed that motionese has the effects of highlighting the initial and final states of the action, indicating significant state changes in it, and underlining the properties of objects used in the action. Suppression and addition of parents body movement and their frequent social signals to infants produced these effects. Our findings are discussed toward designing robots that can take advantage of parental teaching.}, author = {Nagai, Yukie and Rohlfing, Katharina}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development}, number = {1}, pages = {44--54}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, title = {{Computational Analysis of Motionese Toward Scaffolding Robot Action Learning}}, doi = {10.1109/TAMD.2009._PHONE_}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{17267, author = {Lohse, Manja and Hanheide, Marc and Rohlfing, Katharina and Sagerer, Gerhard}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction - HRI '09}, keyword = {SINA, human robot interaction, biron}, pages = {93--100}, title = {{Systemic interaction analysis (SInA) in HRI}}, doi = {10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_}, year = {2009}, } _USER_{3693, abstract = {Erbschaftsteuer | Inheritance tax | Steuerreform | Tax


'It's really scary to be in a psych ward'
Chris Curran's teenage sister was put on a waiting list for months to see a psychologist about her depression.
"She couldn't get in to see a psychologist, there was so much waiting,'' he recalls.
"Then when she finally got an appointment the psychologist was sick.''
A week after that missed meeting, Jane Curran tragically died of suicide.
She had just finished Year 12, and was barely 17 years old.
Four years later, her big brother is campaigning for improvements to a mental health system that sees too many lives lost to suicide.
News Corp Australia this week launched Mental Health 360, bringing together mental health experts and those touched by it first-hand.
Panel experts include former Australian of the Year Professor Patrick McGorry, Sydney University's Professor Ian Hickie, child psychiatrist Professor Jon Jureidini, Chris Turton who lost his son Dan to suicide, Kids Helpline CEO Tracy Adams and country music star and Rural Advisory Mental Health Program ambassador Melinda Schneider.
Together with senior journalists Sue Dunlevy, Ben Pike, Natasha Bita and Kathy McCabe, Mental Health 360 dissect what is arguably the biggest issue impacting Australians.
We spoke to four young Australians, who volunteer as advisers to Kids Helpline, about the causes of mental health problems, and the best ways to help.
George Thurston, 21, Chris Curran, 25, Tianna Stevens, 21, and Fern Garvey, 22, have all struggled with mental illness. Picture: Tara Croser
Chris worries that suicide is still a "taboo topic'', and advises parents, teachers and friends to stay calm and communicative when children try to talk about their troubles.
"We need to try to change the way we react … there is still a stigma, and we need to turn it from an awkward conversation to a warm, open conversation,'' he says.
"When young people try to reach out for help you need to listen, be open, let them speak, acknowledge and thank them for providing that information.''
George Thurston, 21, has known boys who deliberately injured themselves to get a break from competitive sport.
"In sports clubs they sometimes bully the players to make them tougher and work harder, and that also applies a lot of pressure,'' he says.
"Boys injure themselves on purpose because they get wrapped up in sport and the only way to stop is to break an arm so they can take a month off.
"I spent my life playing sport but there is nothing in any sporting club about mental health.
"Even at school there was no clear pathway to go - a lot of people stop after one or two steps and don't reach out for the help they need in time.''
George warns that teenage boys and young men can find it hard to talk about their feelings.
"All they're told is, 'Build a bridge and get over it', or 'Drink a bucket of cement and harden up' so that is ingrained in young men,'' he says.
"If you're told that by people you trust, immediately you think what you're doing is wrong and you stop looking for help.
"It should be normalised to go and get help.''
Fern Garvey, 22, who was left with a disability after a car accident four years ago, is gender diverse and has been diagnosed with a personality disorder.
Psychiatric visits cost $340 a session, and although Medicare covers some of the cost, Fern fears that many young Australians can't afford the gap fee.
"There are long waiting lists, and so many people I know can't afford therapy and then struggle and get to the point of suicide,'' Fern says.
"You can't go see a psychiatrist without having a lot of money.
"A lot of people I know are poor at uni and they can't afford it, and they're the ones who need help.
"The people who need the services aren't getting them.''
Fern said that young people with mental health issues need early treatment.
"You shouldn't have to end up in hospital to be taken seriously,'' Fern says.
"We need to make it safer and easier for people to talk.''
Tianna Stevens, 21, was severely bullied from the time she started school, and attempted suicide at 15.
"I was getting pushed around, getting my head bashed into bubblers, but my parents didn't believe me - they said everyone gets bullied,'' she recalls.
"I'd come home and cry myself to sleep every night.
"It took 10 years of school for people to take it seriously - it was when I ended up in hospital after I tried to take my life that they took it seriously.''
Tianna's mother then studied a Diploma of Counselling to help her daughter through her crisis.
Kids Helpline Chief Executive Tracy Adams.
Kids Helpline Chief Executive Tracy Adams.
Tianna wants governments to set up special psychiatric wards for teenagers and young adults, as it is "scary'' for teens to be turned away from paediatric wards and sent to adult mental health units.
"It's really scary to be in a psychiatric ward, it's the most terrible, traumatic, lonely experience you could have,'' she says.
Now studying a Bachelor of Arts, Tianna is on the Dean's list for academic excellence at the University of Queensland, yet struggles with the isolation of learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"When you have anxiety you do catastrophise,'' she explains.
"You start to doubt your entire future, worry about university, employment, money, Centrelink, the future, the idea that you're not valued in society, are you going to be homeless?
"You bully yourself, you doubt everything.''
Tianna says parents tend to "blame themselves'' for a child's mental health issues, but need to keep encouraging their kids.
"Parents try to 'fix it', but just tell me you love me and will be there for me,'' she says.
"Don't stop believing your kid can still be happy and live a normal life and achieve things.
"The moment a parent or teacher stops believing in you, you stop believing in yourself.
"We just need one person to say, 'I have faith in you'.''
If you need help, see your GP or contact Kids Helpline by phone or online
1800 55 1800
For advice on anxiety and depression
In an emergency call 000
Originally published as 'It's really scary to be in a psych ward'


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I am setting an alarm using an AlarmManager.
The AlarmManager is set with the date that i parse.
I have a getter and setter class that i use to pull the release dates and the name of the items when the list is populated.
How could i go about setting the title of the item when the alarm goes off as a notification?
EDIT: I would like to set a title with the alarm date. I dont know if this is possible.
What i am trying to do is launch a notification with the alarm manager. But i dont know how would identify which item is is.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
What you want to display in the title of the notification just pass that string to the "Ticker" variable in the following code..
Notification notification = new Notification(icon, Ticker, when);
or follow this example
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how would I go about setting a click listener with an intent that launches an activity and passes a url string? – yoshi24 Aug 26 '11 at 13:32
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text:
Sumarinis procesas: romėniškosios kilmės paieškos, taikymo problemos bei teisinio reglamentavimo galimybės.
The Code of Civil procedure of Republic of Lithuania establishes a variety of procedural forms. The main forms of summary proceedings are court order and documentary proceedings that are dedicated to reach a higher degree of concentration and economy. One of the main aims of the article is to present the origins of summary proceedings that can be find in roman civil procedure. According to that, the essence of the rescriptorial litigation is revealed. It is stated in the article that the forms of litigation mentioned above essentially fulfilled their destination but there are some problems the courts collide while applying the norms of the Code of Civil procedure regulating the handing of procedural documents passed in the summary civil procedure and as well there exist serious disadvantages while regulating the coming into power of preliminary decision. The author argues the position of the Supreme Court that was developed according to the situation when the copy of a preliminary decision cannot be handed to the defendant because his location is unknown. It is suggested that according to the principle of disposition of parties, the claim should be left not considered meanwhile the right of the decision to apply or not following the ordinary dispute litigation should be given exceptionally to the plaintiff. The author assumes the order of coming into power of preliminary procedure as one of the principle drawbacks in the legal regulation of defined summary trials. In this case establishing the same order of coming into power as for the court order the essential difference between two forms of defined summary trial has not been taken into mind. The author refers to the examples established in the mid–war Code of Civil procedure and in the Code of Civil procedure of the Republic of Latvia and emphasizes that the preliminary decision is passed on the basis of proof that was presented by the plaintiff, the court evaluates the presented literal proof and thus the possibility to pass an unfair decision is much lesser than in the case of court order. According to that it is suggested to amend the Code of Civil procedure stating that the coming into power of preliminary procedure has nothing in common with the contradictions presented by the defendant and establish the right of the defendant to appeal the preliminary decision following the general rules of appeal.
- Articles / Straipsniai


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Let us fix a torus $\Sigma=S^1 \times S^1$. We consider a cylinder $\Sigma \times I$ and a data $(\Sigma\times I, \Sigma\times 0, \Sigma\times 1, f_{0},f_{1})$. Here $f_{i}$, called parametrization, is a homeomorphism from $\Sigma$ to $\Sigma \times i$, for $i=0, 1$. Two such data are equivalent if there is a homeomorphism $\Sigma \times I$ to itself such that on the boundary it commutes with parametrizations.
Let us consider the composition
$H_1(\Sigma; \mathbb{Z}) \to H_1(\Sigma \times 0; \mathbb{Z}) \to H_1(\Sigma \times 1; \mathbb{Z}) \to H_1(\Sigma; \mathbb{Z})$.
Here the first and the third ismorphism are induced by the parametrizations $f_{i}$, $i=0, 1$ respectively and the second isomorphism (let's say $h$) is obtained by pushing loops in the bottom base of $\Sigma \times I$ to the top base using the cylindrical structure on $\Sigma \times I$.
Note that $h$ might not be the identity and might differ by each data.
The composition $f_{1}^{-1}hf_{0}$ of these gives an element of a mapping class group $M(\Sigma)$ of $\Sigma$.
Question: If two data induce the same element in $M(\Sigma)$, are these two data equivalent? Can you give a concrete homeomorphism $\Sigma \times I$ to itself that gives an equivalence?
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I don't understand. Why do you introduce the action on homology? The mapping class group is not defined using homology. – Bruno Martelli Feb 16 '12 at 14:14
I am concern with the case when $\Sigma$ is a torus $S^1 \times S^1$. I edited the statement to this case. Thanks. – knot Feb 16 '12 at 16:28
1 Answer 1
It appears that you are asking if concordance of homeomorphisms of tori is equivalent to their isotopy. (Your notion of "equivalent data" simply means "concordant homeomorphisms", your definition of the mapping class group for the tori is equivalent to the standard one since your surface has genus 1.) The answer is yes. If $\Sigma$ is the torus then two homeomorphisms of $\Sigma$ are isotopic iff they induce the same map of $H_1(\Sigma)$. (False in the higher genus case.) What you observed for tori (using homology), is that concordance of $f_1, f_2$ implies that they induce the same map of $H_1(\Sigma)$ which, in turn, implies that $f_1, f_2$ are isotopic. The converse (which, I think, is your question) is obvious: If $f_t$ is an isotopy of $f_1$ to $f_2$ then the map $F: \Sigma\times I\to \Sigma\times I$ given by
is the required concordance. Actually, the same conclusion Concordance $\iff$ isotopy holds for higher genus surfaces as well. The nontrivial direction is Concordance $\Rightarrow$ isotopy. The reason it holds is a theorem by Waldhausen (although, in the special case when $M=\Sigma \times I$, the result is due to Stallings, I think):
Theorem. Suppose that $M$ is a Haken manifold, $f_1, f_2: M\to M$ are homeomorphisms which agree on the boundary. Then $f_1$ is isotopic to $f_2$ (rel. boundary) iff $f_1, f_2$ induce the same map of the fundamental group.
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text:
This presentation overviews the different meanings of caching and highlights the techniques and tricks available to improve the performance of the Symfony2 web application. It also covers the importance of keeping an eye on what's happening within the wider system.
The presentation begins with a description of the caching mechanisms that are currently included within the Symfony2.2 standard edition – such as the app/cache folder, the cache of doctrine and twig, proposed solutions for the HTTP caching, file system, query, assets(ic)s, php, and sessions. The first part of the presentation concludes with a section on 'tricks' and the best practices used to optimise web applications.
The second part of the presentation focuses on data analysis, how to track and measure applications and why the use of software metrics that push information are essential.
Delegates will be shown practical examples of how Terravision uses Statsd, Sentry versus Graylog for the error behavior analysis of users, applications, operating systems and web servers.
The final part of the presentation concludes with methodologies of advanced scalability, events, messages and queues.


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What is a Stage-Gate Process?
Stage-gate process refers to a specific technique in project management where the process is divided into distinct stages, or phases, demarcated by decision points known as gates. At each gate, current results and information, like the specific case, risk analysis, and resource availability, determine the next decision.
Most commonly, there are five phases in stage-gate processes: scoping the breadth of work based on the initial brainstorming session; formulating a business case; developing the structure and fleshing it out; testing and either validating or correcting errors; and launching the product or service. Typically, the gates that separate each stage consist of addressing major themes: quality of execution, business rationale, and action plan. When addressing these concepts, there are five possible answers: go, conditional go, kill, hold, and recycle.
Because some industries carry a higher level of risk and failure than others during the innovation process (e.g. pharmaceuticals, technology, etc.), incorporating regularly-scheduled safeguards helps mitigate risk and failure before allowing them to grow too much. One of the earliest and most famous stage-gate process examples can be traced back to NASA in the 1960s during the Apollo and Gemini projects; since then, many organizations have adopted it into their own workflows.
Other Names for Stage-Gate Process:
- Phase gate process
- Phase review process
- Front-end loading
- Big design up front
- Waterfall process
Why is Stage-Gate Process Important?
The stage-gate process is important for several reasons: it helps those involved work on the right task at the right time; it minimizes loss of resources; mitigates risk; keeps the original scope from growing out of control; offers flexibility in adjusting details and direction; improves cross-team collaboration; and highlights errors at the earliest possible point.
When it comes to innovation, often, the endpoint can't be learned until well into the process because of competing players and data, which is why a structured process is vital for maximizing success. Businesses value predictability because it helps make budget planning and resource allocation clear and easy to understand. Plus using the stage-gate process reduces risk and increases the chances of success.
If knowledge is power, then the stage-gate process epitomizes that concept, especially when it comes to innovation. Having enough – and the right kind of – information is a key tool in managing risk and ensuring project success.


Chegg Textbook Solutions for Pathways to Astronomy 3rd Edition: Chapter 64
Chapter: Problem:
An interferometer measured the change in radius of one Cepheid as about 10% during its 10-day period. The star was measured to have an average radius of 40 million km. How fast was the surface of the star moving outward, on average, if it took 5 days to expand by 10%?
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 (About 9.3 km/s). A 10 percent increase in a 40 million kilometer radius is 4 million kilometers. So the surface of the star moved outward 4 million km in 5 days. There are 432000 seconds in 5 days, so the speed was 4 × 106 km/432000s = 9.3 km/sec.
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text:
Jefferson Patterson may have been a "gentleman farmer," but he was also very concerned with the management of the abundant natural resources of Point Farm. It's a practice that didn't begin with him; the Native Americans who inhabited this property certainly had strong ties to the many ecosystems that supported their communities. It also didn't end with him. Today, JPPM strives to practice good stewardship and to educate others about how to do so as well.
JPPM has been, and continues to be, involved with several environmental research projects both on the landscape and in the surrounding waterways. Check out the links below to see some of the data that has been collected here throughout the years.
Encroachment of Sills onto State-Owned Bottom: Design Guidelines for Chesapeake Bay – Virginia Institute of Marine Science and College of William & Mary.
Tracking Restoration Efforts in Maryland's Tributaries – Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
Calvert County Groundwater-Level Monitoring Network – U.S. Geological Survey.
Maryland's Stormwater Management Program – Maryland Department of the Environment.
Saving Testudo: A Terrapin Conservation Project – University of Maryland.
Farm Pond Restoration – Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum
Best Farming Practices


text:
The Process of Feeling
Antonio Damasio Keynotes - In his presentations, Antonio Damasio draws extensively on his distinguished career as a leading...
Analyzing the importance of neurology in emotion, he reveals that feeling an emotion is a process that is distinct from having that emotion in the first place. He defines an emotion as consisting of "a very well orchestrated set of alterations in the body." He argues that feelings have the set purpose of making life more survivable. The brain processes emotions in order to take advantage of opportunities or to recognize and avoid danger.
Offering a more evolutionary explanation of the way humans experience emotions, Antonio Damasio and his speech lead us to question the real reasons behind a frown or smile.


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What is Motion Sensors?
Motion Sensors are used to detect movement by way of digital, mechanical or electronic instrumentation and controls. A physical or electronic sensor detects motion either by way of acoustical or optical changes across a field of view. The sensor transmits the information directly to hardware or software to cause further action to take place. An array of movements can be measured and displayed via motion sensors technology. Additionally, the sensing of movement can also be used for triggering responses for a variety of purposes.
What are the benefits of Motion Sensor?
Motion Sensor technology is beneficial for both consumer use and industrial use. In consumer use, motion sensing is commonly used for dispensers (such as paper towels, soap, and sink water). Security, and resulting peace of mind and safety, can be greatly assisted by the use of sensors motion technology. When applied to lighting applications, the concept can also be an energy saver, by preventing unoccupied spaces from being illuminated.
What are the applications for Motion Sensor?
Many applications exist for motion sensor technology, which is also widely known as "motion detection." It is considered a vital component in security systems, for both residential and commercial applications. Bathroom fixtures utilize sensors motion technology as an alternative to faucet knobs. Soap dispensers featuring the concept allow sanitary hands-free use as well. Modern hand dryers in many public restrooms feature sensors motion technology as well.
There are several types of motion sensor detectors: passive infrared sensors, ultrasonic, microwave, and thermographic.


Quick Answer: Do Daisies Symbolize New Beginnings?
What does Daisy mean in Hebrew?
Meaning of the name – Daisy, Daizy Able to do several things at once, adaptive, charismatic and acceptable in society..
What symbolizes new life?
Which flower symbolizes healing?
RoseRose. It's not just beautiful on the outside, but also is a healer.
What color symbolizes healing?
What color roses mean new beginnings?
White rosesWhite roses are sometimes referred to as bridal roses because of their association with young love and eternal loyalty. White roses can also symbolize a new beginning and everlasting love.
Do white daisies have a meaning?
White daisy flower is a symbol of purity and innocence. This flower also represents spirituality and therefore is a perfect gift for everyone who is looking for a perfect gift for newborn or parents of a newborn.
What do daisies symbolize?
Daisies symbolize innocence and purity. This stems from an old Celtic legend. According to the legend, whenever an infant died, God sprinkled daisies over the earth to cheer the parents up. In Norse mythology, the daisy is Freya's sacred flower.
Do daisies symbolize death?
Celtic mythology The ancient Celts had an interesting answer to the question of "what does a daisy flower represent?" Quite a bittersweet symbolism in fact, as they believed that when a child died (especially in childbirth) that the gods would sprinkle their grave with daisies to cheer up the grieving parents.
What plant signifies new beginnings?
What flower symbolizes prosperity?
Peony. Peonies are often used in bridal bouquets because they represent prosperity, along with a happy life and marriage. They can also be used to express shame or indignation, and are a symbol of bashfulness.
What does Daisy mean in the Bible?
Daisy is a feminine given name. The flower name comes from the Old English word dægeseage, meaning "day's eye". … Authors Linda Rosenkrantz and Pamela Redmond Satran wrote in their 2007 book Baby Name Bible that Daisy has a "fresh, wholesome, and energetic" image.
What do yellow daisies represent?
* Yellow. This color is a symbol of friendship and happiness. Yellow daisies can be offered to anyone who is a good friend to you, or you can place them in your home to bring positive energy. * Pink daisies mean gentleness, love, and romance.
What color is new royalty?
Which flower symbolizes new beginnings?
DaisiesDaisies symbolize new beginnings and innocence.
What is the flower of rebirth?
Daffodil. The daffodil, also known as narcissus, may be named after the arrogant Greek god Narcissus, but it has nothing to do with narcissism. In fact, it represents rebirth and new beginnings.
What color means strength?
RedRed is the color used universally to signify danger, courage, strength, and power.
Does the lotus flower meaning new beginnings?
No wonder the lotus has come to symbolize purity, new beginnings, hope, endurance and long-lasting beauty. It stands for a pure body, clean speech and clear thinking.
What do Daisy tattoos symbolize?
Daisy tattoos symbolize loyalty, love, patience, and purity. Daisy is a form of flower purely for the female kind and is one of the most versatile tattoos you can wear on your body.
What is the symbol for rebirth?
Butterfly ButterfliesButterfly. Butterflies are a symbol of rebirth, transformation, and renewal.
What color signifies new beginnings?
GreenGreen (Secondary Color) Green is a very down-to-earth color. It can represent new beginnings and growth.
What does you're a daisy mean?
"You're a daisy if you do" and "You're no daisy. No daisy at all." are two Doc Holliday lines that people love to quote from the film, Tombstone. "Daisy" means to be the best or most marvelous. It is kind of similar to saying that something is the cream of the crop.
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text:
Entry: Martian Hybrid Power Plant VR Experience(Real-time executable)
Overview for Martian Hybrid Power Plant VR Experience(Real-time executable)
Watch here -
In future,the red dot on sky will be a habitat for humankind. It will be a great feat for science when the first step of human imprint will lay on the dusty red sand of Mars. Major development in science have made us believe that, the day is not far when the first human borne spaceship will leave earth to Mars laying step stone for the beginning of intergalactic transportation in human history.
On Mars human's first need will be energy. The planet will be only habitable if need of energy can be replenished. From the knowledge about the environment of planet till now, we can assume that the first source of energy will be solar power. But as it is farther than earth from sun, the maximum solar irradiance on Mars is about 590 W/m2 compared to about 1000 W/m2 at the Earth's surface.But still we can harvest energy,but at the half rate as of on Earth.
Density of Mars atmosphere is 1% of the Earth's atmosphere and pressure is very low,around 0.6% of Earth's. So we can not harvest much wind energy at normal condition on Mars. So on normal condition solar will be the only source of energy.
But a period of time as long as 4 to 6 month in earth year within one Martian year(687 days) when solar energy will be obsolete. It is the period when dust storm occurs, and it happens planet wide for around 6 months. These dust storms restricts sunlight to reach on Mars surface,thus solar energy system will stay hibernated.
As on Mars energy will be one of our important requirements for survival, I here present a hybrid power plant, which can provide Martian continuous supply of power. Everything on Mars made by human will require electricity, consistent supply is important. This powerplant can produce power under sun as well as from storm, thus there will be no power outage ever on Mars.
Models are designed usingCinema4d, Autodesk Inventor
Scene created inUnreal Engine 4


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The construction sector in developing countries has propelled economic growth in the most recent period, yet analysis of growth performance has failed to take this into account. This article is a comparative analysis of the relationship between the construction sector and aggregate output for a panel of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using a panel generalized methods of moments (GMM). After accounting for the effects of institutional set up, cross sectional heterogeneity and non-linearity, our results revealed that the construction sector affects growth positively and most importantly, developing the right institutions could further enhance this impact. The intrinsically non-linear relationship between construction and output growth is very mute in our sample, suggesting that, SSA countries have not yet reached the stage of development where construction growth becomes trivial. We further show that East Africa experienced a robust impact of construction on economic growth compared to West and Southern Africa.
Construction, institutions and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Working paper 622
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Rasmussen, Mary Lou and Harwood, Valerie, 2003, Performativity, Youth and Injurious Speech, Teaching Education, 14(1), 25-36.
Young people may become disengaged from schooling in the middle years for a multitude of reasons. We consider the story of one young woman from the state of New South Wales, in Australia, who left school early, and consider some of the factors that contributed to her decision to remove herself from compulsory education. This young woman encountered injurious speech relating to her race, gender, sexuality, size and ability. In undertaking this analysis, we draw on Foucaultian theorizing of the subject and on the related Butlerian notion of performativity. Performative acts that occur within and around schools have the power to injure, to alienate and to potentially exclude students from access to schooling. This article details how performative acts may operate as mechanisms of exclusion, obfuscating the social conventions and institutional structures that invest them with power. Our analysis of how performative acts function in school settings concludes with some suggestions of how teachers and students might think differently about the production of their own and others' existence.


text:
How to Move a Refrigerator
Everyone loves a big, glorious refrigerator - until they have to move it. That's why Frank from Public Storage is here to show you how to move a refrigerator and how to get it prepped for storage is just five easy steps.
Step 1 - Unplug the Fridge
The first step isn't exactly rocket science. If you're moving a fridge you're going to need to unplug it. Make sure you unplug your fridge a few hours before you plan to move it to allow time for it to defrost.
Step 2 - Clean the Interior
Time to clear everything out - yes, that means throwing away those 6 month old Brussels sprouts. Be sure to really give your refrigerator and freezer a good scrub down, otherwise, things can get pretty smelly later. Be careful what you clean with - food absorbs odors, so steer clear from soaps and chemical solutions. Also, secure all of the shelves and drawers or remove them completely so nothing moves or breaks in transit.
Step 3 - Prop Open the Door
The worst thing that can happen is that you retrieve your fridge from storage and discover that mold has grown all on the inside. Fortunately, you can prevent this with one easy trick. Simply roll up a ball of tape and place it inside the door to prop it open, so air can travel inside and keep it dry, preventing the growth of mold.
Step 4 - Secure Door in Place
Once you have your tape ball propped in the door (goodbye mildew!), wrap the entire fridge with tape, rope or stretch wrap to ensure that the door doesn't open while you're moving it.
Step 5 - Move the Fridge Using a Dolly
Now comes the part where you actually move the refrigerator. For short distances without stairs, you can use a wooden rolling dolly (although an appliance dolly may make your life easier - but hey, it's your life). If stairs are part of your journey, we recommend using an appliance dolly. There's nothing more heartbreaking (or backbreaking) than a fallen refrigerator. If you don't have a dolly, you can often rent one from your local home improvement retailer.
Okay, you're ready to get your move on. But before you do, enjoy those ice cream bars you found in the back of the freezer and have to eat now -- you got this. Want a little cheat sheet for when you're actually moving the fridge? Download our Tip Sheet PDF and keep it in your back pocket during the big move.


AS3Unit is a unit testing framework. It was designed to make the testing process easier and straightforward, differently from other frameworks that require a significant amount of setting up and reconfiguring.
In order to use the framework, all tests must be placed in a convenient folder structure. Every class in folder will be run as test cases, but only methods starting with 'test' will be run. The available assert methods are like those in any other unit testing framework. ex: assert, assertFalse, assertEquals, assertSame, assertNotEquals, assertNotSame. There are fail helper methods as well: setUp, tearDown, setUpClass, tearDownClass.
import com.hoten.as3unit.TestCase;
public class TestAsserts extends TestCase {
 public function testCanary():void {
 public function thisIsNotATest():void {
 fail("Expected only methods starting with 'test' to run!");
 public function testAssertEqualsOneAndOnePasses():void {
 assertEquals(1, 1);
Testing. URL.