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Farmers Market Use and Perceived Barriers to Farmers Market Access Among SNAP Recipients in Washington State
MetadataShow full item record
Background: Activities are underway in Washington State to increase access to farmers markets for SNAP and SNAP-eligible participants. A variety of stakeholders are involved in implementing activities to make farmers markets more accessible. These include addressing the economic, environmental, and social barriers. However, these activities are not necessarily in-line with the actual barriers, as stated by low-income shoppers, to shopping at farmers markets. The purpose of this study is to identify the commonly stated barriers among both SNAP participants and SNAP-Ed Stakeholders in Washington State to using farmers markets, and to examine whether the challenges perceived by SNAP-Ed Stakeholders align with the stated barriers of SNAP participants. Methods: This study used data that was obtained from a mixed-methods evaluation, conducted by the University of Washington Center for Public Health Nutrition (CPHN) from January 2016 to January 2017, of all SNAP-Ed affiliated farmers market access work in Washington State. Sources of data for this study included a statewide SNAP participant telephone survey and two time points of SNAP-Ed Stakeholder interviews. CPHN developed a multi-staged, clustered, random sample of SNAP participants for the SNAP Participant Survey, stratified by exposure to farmers market access activities, rurality, and primary language. This survey was conducted over the telephone and all survey responses were entered into a secure database. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the relation between the stated barriers to farmers market access and SNAP-Ed exposure, key sociodemographic characteristics, distance from farmers markets, and frequency of farmers market use. Two-sample t-tests and Pearson's chi square tests were performed to analyze if the stated barriers varied significantly by any of the independent variables. The semi-structured SNAP-Ed Stakeholder interviews were transcribed and coded in Atlas.ti data analysis software, then analyzed for key themes that emerged related to significant challenges or barriers to improving farmers market access for low-income shoppers. Results from each data source were then compared to assess if farmers market access barriers as perceived by SNAP-Ed Stakeholders were in alignment with the barriers stated by SNAP participants. Results: Among SNAP participants, barriers related to lack of convenience were most often stated as the number one barrier to shopping at farmers markets. Other stated barriers included lack of affordability, lack of awareness, and lack of comfort. These varied by socioeconomic status and distance from the nearest farmers market. SNAP-Ed Stakeholders stated similar barriers, including the SNAP/EBT process, the perception of higher prices, and lack of awareness, transportation, comfort, and convenience. However, there was some discordance between the two groups in the emphasis placed on these factors as barriers to farmers market access.
- Nutritional sciences


I need a form control for a Comments field and am not sure how things work.
How do I create a Text Area that is a certain width and height where...
- The text wraps inside the Text Area but no carriage returns are added to the text when it is INSERTED in MySQL.
- If the text is greater than the size of the Text Area, then a Vertical Scroll Bar will appear


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Log In to Anagrammer
Scrabble word: JOINTING
In which Scrabble dictionary does JOINTING exist?
Definitions of JOINTING in dictionaries:
- verb - fit as if by joints
- verb - provide with a joint
- verb - fasten with a joint
- verb - separate (meat) at the joint
- v - to fit together by means of a junction
There are 8 letters in JOINTING: G I I J N N O T
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word JOINTING plus a wildcard: JOINTING?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word JOINTING
8 letter words
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for JOINTING
- Study how to plane edges that meet and make a strong edge joint
- That filling is also used to connect hard floor from living room to my...
- jointing tray
- The world lies east how ample the marsh and the sea and the sky
-... jointing Kits - Products - Low Voltage - Resin Filled Cable jointing
-... jointing asbestos gasket Compolite
- Columnar jointing Volcano World
- Nonequilibrium scale selection mechanism for columnar jointing
- The tooling and profile of a mortar joint has significant effect on...
- Cooper Power Systems dtjointingsolutions.com.au

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
While it's known that a mother's diet can affect her unborn child's development in utero, a new study found that her eating habits around the time of conception can also alter her child's lifelong risk of cancer.
A new study published in the journal Genome concluded that a gene affecting a person's risk of cancer can be permanently altered in utero depending on a mother's diet. While a child's genes are directly inherited from his parents, how the genes are expressed is controlled through modifications to the DNA, which occur during embryonic and fetal development, according to the report.
Modifications can occur when gene regions are tagged with chemical compounds called methyl groups that silence genes. The compounds require specific nutrients, which means that a mother's eating habits before and during pregnancy can permanently affect the "setting" of these tags, the report said.
Researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine, the Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor and Texas Children's Hospital, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in London, the MRC Unit and The Gambia, split into two groups and targeted specific regions of the genome called metastable epiallels that are particularly sensitive to these effects.
The research groups both found that the tumor suppressor gene VTRNA2-1— which helps prevent cells from becoming cancerous— was the most sensitive to the environment created by the mother around the time of conception.
"There are around 20,000 genes in the human genome," study leader Dr. Robert Waterland, an associate professor of pediatrics and nutrition at Baylor said, according to the report. "So for our two groups, taking different approaches, to identify this same gene as the top epiallele was like both of us digging into different sides of a gigantic haystack containing 20,000 needles… and finding the exact same needle."
Typically, aside from genes on sex chromosomes, mammals inherit two copies of all genes which function equally. Researchers found that VTRNA2-1 belongs to a special class of genes that are expressed from only the maternal or paternal copy. These genes are labeled imprinted genes because they are imprinted with epigenetic marks inherited from either the sperm or egg, the report said. What further sets VTRNA2-1 apart is that it is the first example of an imprinted metastable epiallele.
"Our results show that the methylation marks that regulate VTRNA2-1 imprinting are lost in some people, and that this 'loss of imprinting' is determined by maternal nutrition around the time of conception," Andrew Prentice, professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and head of the MRC International Nutrition Group said, according to the report. "These are large changes in gene methylation that affect a substantial subset of individuals."
Three previous studies showed that an increase in these methylation marks is a risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia, lung and esophageal cancer. However, a decrease in these marks— VTRNA2-1 loss of imprinting— led to individuals with a double-dose of the anti-cancer gene, according to the report.
"The potential implications are enormous," Prentice told The Guardian. "In this particular example, the gene involved is really crucial – it lies at the center of the immune system so it affects our susceptibility to viral infection. At the very beginning of fetal growth, the way it is labeled is going to affect the baby's health for the rest of its life," he said.
"If a mother's diet is poor then it causes a whole lot of damage to the genome which has a shotgun effect, so a baby might have possible adverse outcomes," Prentice told the news site. "This general phenomenon might explain preterm births, problems in pregnancy, brain defects, or why some babies are born too small."
"We could potentially clean up a lot of adverse pregnancy outcomes by getting the diet right," he told The Guardian.
Researchers also showed the loss of VTRNA2-1 affects all cells of the body, and that the loss of imprinting is stable from childhood to adulthood. Researchers say more studies are under way to test whether methylation at VTRNA2-1 can be used as a screening test to predict risk of cancer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Social View Kenya, is a center of national contact points helping companies and research organizations in Africa, with European and African Union research programmes.
SVK's research supports the AU-EU's aim of addressing, mitigating, monitoring and adapting to the effects of climate change. This includes assessing and monitoring the impact of climate change, evaluating the increased risk of climate change. The research also addresses green transition and energy access and a roadmap to digital transformation.
- Our experts can offer you professional services on proposal writing and evaluation, AU-EU project management, and dissemination.
- Our wide network of thousand partners from EU countries and 4 continents includes organizations, universities, SMEs, startups, research centers, DIHs.
- We identify innovation as the mechanism that drives the scientific and entrepreneurial world forward.
- Our research lab is based on our experience and expertise and hosts a pool of ideas that can grow to AU-EU Project proposals.
- We focus on innovative learning, education material and training courses that scale-up digital skills and strengthen entrepreneurial mindset.
- We develop a great number of innovative tools, apps, entrepreneurial products, lifelong learning platforms to support any growth process.


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Images show never-before-seen fault lines – plus cows, trees
COLUMBUS, Ohio – Researchers have completed the most meticulous survey ever made of the San Andreas Fault, and they've found detailed features that nobody could have seen before.
Michael Bevis, Ohio Eminent Scholar in geodynamics and professor of civil and environmental engineering and geodetic science at Ohio State University, unveiled the first images from the ambitious new survey Wednesday at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco.
His team will spend the next year processing the rest of the survey data, which they gathered using ultra-high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) technology and a radar-like system called lidar.
Short for "light detection and ranging," lidar measures the time it takes for light to reflect off the surface of an object. The combined GPS and lidar technologies enabled the researchers to map the surface of the San Andreas Fault with 5-centimeter (1.97 inches) vertical resolution.
The researchers dubbed their survey the "B4" Project, because the data will form the "before" images that scientists will compare to "after" images of the next big San Andreas earthquake when it inevitably happens.
Scientists know more or less what happens away from a fault line during an earthquake, Bevis said. But what happens near or in the fault, or how an earthquake starts – these things are not well known, and are frequently debated among scientists.
"By having this high resolution image of before and after a quake, we should be able to resolve some of these debates," Bevis said.
They loaded their equipment on board a twin-engine Cessna airplane, and covered nearly 1,000 kilometers (621.37 miles) of the fault in two months of flights, during May and August of 2005.
Bevis recalled that the flights required near-heroic effort from the team pilots. "We had to fly low and closely manage the orientation of the aircraft at all times so we knew exactly where the laser on the lidar instrument was pointing," he said.
A less-controlled airborne photographic survey would have been easier, but also much more time consuming. "To do this kind of survey the traditional way would take years – just to process the photographs. We'll have preliminary results in a month, and refined results in six months," Bevis said.
The San Andreas fault splits in the south, with one of the two offshoots becoming the San Jacinto Fault. The B4 Survey covered both, tracing the main fault lines and countless smaller lines branching from them.
Looking at one of the images, Bevis easily picked out the SUV belonging to team members who drove along the fault ahead of the plane. Even the tripod holding one of their portable GPS stations was visible. He identified other dots on the image as cows and small trees.
How could he tell which ones were cows? "When we looked back later, some of them had moved," he said.
The team will post its maps on the Web. "As we do each day's processing, we'll make it available to the whole scientific community," Bevis said. "People are going to find all kinds of faults and other features that they never knew about before.
"Often a fault line is fairly subtle," he continued. "There are some spots where, if you were actually standing on the ground, and you weren't a geologist who knows the area really well, you probably couldn't even see it. But in these images you can."
Scientists anticipate that a "Big One" – an earthquake of magnitude 8 or more on the Richter scale – will eventually strike California via the San Andreas. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake was blamed on the fault, and scientists believe it would have registered near magnitude 8, had the scale existed then. But when another Big One will strike is an open question.
As detailed as the new survey is, Bevis said it can't be used to predict the future.
"The point of the B4 Project is to learn more about earthquakes in general," he said. "People think we may one day find a way to predict earthquakes, but I think it may be impossible. Not all processes are predictable."
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
If a woman is sufficiently ambitious, determined and gifted -- there is practically nothing she can't do.
-- Helen Lawrenson


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The patadyong is a pre-Spanish clothing item or loose skirt worn by Filipino women particularly in the lowland regions of the Visayas. In terms of function, it is similar to the "sarong" or "malong" used in Mindanao in southern Philippinesa nd Indonesia. But instead of the batik patterns, the patadyong has a checkered, colorful design or patterns.
Like the malong, the patadyong has a variety of uses. Primarily, women used it as a tucked-in skirt topped by a kimona (thin cotton blouse). Women in the countryside or rural areas wear or used the patadyong as a sort of kerchief, shawl or even to shade or cover themselves from prying eyes. In bygone days when washing or bathing in rivers were commonplace, women hold a piece or one end of the patadyong with their teeth or free hand, while soaping and cleaning their body with another hand. It may looked clumsy but it works by providing a bit of privacy.
Today wearing patadyong is often limited or seen in folkloric performances and dances, and is considered as more of a costume than everyday wear like it used to be.
Long live Philippine clothing traditions!


(2,2) (1,3) (2,3)}
Simplicial complexes
In order to define an abstract simplicial complex, one must first enumerate all the vertices, i.e., assign an integer number to each vertex (see the example to the right). Then each simplex is defined as an unordered set of vertices and is encoded in the text file by braces (or brackets, or parentheses) which embrace the list of vertices' numbers separated by spaces or commas. The order of vertices is not important, they are sorted by the software.
For example, the simplicial complex illustrated in the picture might be defined as follows:
In this example the entire simplicial complex is not listed, but the missing simplices can be deduced automatically as faces of the simplices listed. This is one of the features of the program homsimpl.
Chain complexes
A finitely generated free chain complex can be defined by specifying the number of generators at each level (0 through n), as well as a formula for the boundary of each generator as a combination of the other generators.
In a text file, the definition of a chain complex must begin with the phrase "chain complex". Then the maximal nontrivial level must be indicated with the phrase "max dimension" followed by the appropriate integer number. The generators at each level must be labeled with words containing none of the white characters: space, tabulator, end-of-line, not beginning with any of the characters +, -, =, #, *, :, ; (or---better yet---not containing them), and different from the words "boundary", "dimension" and "image". The definition of the boundary operators begin with the declaration of the level of their domain given by the word "dimension" followed by an integer number indicating that level. If necessary, the level number can be followed by number of generators at this level. If not, the number of generators is assumed to be the number of generators that appear in the definitions of the boundary operators. The boundary of each generator is defined in a line beginning with the word "boundary" (one can use the symbol '#' as an abbreviation for this) followed by the label of the generator and the formula for its boundary which can be constructed with the use of the symbols '+', '-', '*' (the latter stands for multiplication) and integer numbers (but without parentheses!). We would like to remark that labels can be repeated at different levels; in particular, the generator labeled 'X' at level 2 will not be mistaken for the generator labeled 'X' at level 1 if it exists. Moreover, the labels can just be positive integer numbers---there is no risk of being mistaken for coefficients. Note that it is necessary to separate all the words in the text file with spaces; in particular, a space between '#' and generator name is necessary, and the text "A+B-C" will be treated as a single generator label, in contrast to "A + B - C" which one might have probably intended.
If time and memory concerns are important, one can define the chain complex in the so-called digital way (and invoke homchain with the argument -d). In this definition, it is important that the boundaries are defined in the ascending order, and the number of generators is always given explicitely (including dimension 0). At each level, the labels of the generators are assumed to be integer numbers beginning with 1.
For example, consider the chain complex of the simplicial complex discussed earlier. In the picture to the right, all the simplices have been labeled and an arbitrarily chosen orientation of the 1- and 2-dimensional simplices has been indicated with arrows. The actual text definition of this chain complex might be as follows. (Note that all the characters '=' and ':' which appear in the examples below are optional.)
 chain complex
 max dimension = 2
 dimension 0: 6
 dimension 1
 boundary a = 1 - 3
 boundary b = 1 - 2
 boundary c = 2 - 3
 boundary d = 4 - 2
 boundary e = 4 - 3
 boundary f = 4 - 5
 dimension 2
 boundary A = -a + b + c
Note that we must define explicitely the number of generators at level 0, because in this way we can include the generator labeled "6" since it does not appear in any boundary formula (another way would be to define its boundary as a zero.)
In order to show how flexible the labels of generators can be, we show another text definition of the above chain complex, but this time we use the simplices as labels. We list all the 0-dimensional simplices without boundaries, although it would be enough only to list the last simplex, because all the others appear in the formulas for boundaries of 1-dimensional simplices. Note that, unlike in the definition of a simplicial complex, the order of vertices is important here, because the names of the generators are treated as text strings, so "{4,5}" is now different from "{5,4}".
 chain complex
 max dimension = 2
 dimension 0
 # {1}
 # {2}
 # {3}
 # {4}
 # {5}
 # {6}
 dimension 1
 # {1,3} = {1} - {3}
 # {1,2} = {1} - {2}
 # {2,3} = {2} - {3}
 # {2,4} = {4} - {2}
 # {3,4} = {4} - {3}
 # {4,5} = {4} - {5}
 dimension 2
 # {1,2,3} = -{1,3} + {1,2} + {2,3}
Chain maps
Once two chain complexes are defined, a chain map between them is defined in a similar manner. The text file begins with the phrase "chain map", and then the images of generators at each level are defined in a similar way to the boundary operators, but instead of the word "boundary" one is supposed to use the word "image" (the symbol '#' can also be used for short).
For example, if the chain complex of the boundary of a triangle in the plane is defined as illustrated in picture to the right:
 chain complex
 max dimension = 1
 dimension 1
 boundary a = C - B
 boundary b = A - C
 boundary c = B - A
then a chain map that corresponds to the double winding of this figure around itself may look as follows (compare the picture to the right):
 chain map
 dimension 1
 image a = a + b
 image b = c + a
 image c = b + c
 dimension 0
 image A = C
 image B = B
 image C = A


Jeera Benefits-The Benefits and Side Effects of Jeera
By | August 24, 2020
Jeera Benefits-The Benefits and Side Effects of Jeera
cumin is a thousand year old spice that leaves an unintentional, unique taste in your mouth. A sprinkle or two adds the appropriate flavor of a kick and a punch to any meal, leaving a unique combination of fragrant tang and pungent heat inside.
Cumin has an amazingly rejuvenating rusty taste that goes through your body. In mainstream science, cumin is known as thymol compound, a chemical that stimulates the pancreas to produce pancreas and bile. This property improves the overall digestion of carbs and fats in the body.
To represent it at the top, a breed of cumin contains cuminhalide. This chemical boosts the digestive enzymes in your body when it is soft and triggers your saliva induction. Soft cumin prepares your body and soul for satisfying delicious food.
Benefits of jeera:
 - Good for stomach: Cumin water helps to get rid of acidity and bloating and relieves indigestion. It acts as an analgesic and is especially beneficial in curing abdominal pain and abdominal pain. "Cumin water usually stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes and speeds up the digestive process, thus helping you to fight intestinal problems.
 - Improves digestion during pregnancy:Cumin water improves digestion during pregnancy, as it acts as a stimulant for the enzymes needed to digest sugars and fats," says Dr. Sud. Cumin seeds are the magic spice that is said to relieve the bride's mother from many problems related to pregnancy.
 - Cumin water is anti-inflammatory:The thymoquinone contained in cumin is protective of the liver. This single chemical is so powerful that its researchers rushed to market the reduced digestion to successfully extract the compound and to improve digestion through capsules.Cumin water contains compounds in a safe, simple, easy way that is all natural and has no mysterious or unknown side effects.
 - Increases immunity: Cumin is a great source of iron and dietary fiber. It is important to drink cumin water to maintain the normal functioning of your immune system. It fights disease and reduces your chances of getting sick.
 - Cumin water for weight loss:Obesity is a serious condition worldwide that causes a chain reaction to health problems and harms their mental health with this condition. Increased vascular fat, high body mass index and insulin resistance are some of the major causes of fatal metabolic disorders.
 - Diabetes Treatment: "Cumin water is good for diabetics. You can drink it on an empty stomach to reduce blood sugar levels. Cumin seeds stimulate insulin production in the body, which helps maintain blood sugar levels.
 - Controls blood pressure: Cumin water is high in potassium. Potassium is a key mineral that the body depends on to function properly. It helps control blood pressure by adjusting to the negative effects of salt. Cumin water is high in potassium.
 - Cumin water reduces heartburn:GERD is a frequent complaint of pregnant women, as increased abdominal pressure leads to acid reflux and indigestion during childbirth. The carminative, or gas-relieving properties of cumin water provide deadly relief in a simple, quick way that can be frustrating in an otherwise difficult pregnancy.
 - Increases energy: Cumin seeds are a natural energy booster. These are power-packed with a variety of nutrients, which help keep the body strong throughout the day. If you have a sluggish metabolic rate, drink cumin water. It improves your energy levels and makes you feel better.
 - Good for the skin: Cumin water rejuvenates your skin and gives you the healthy glow you have always wanted. It contains plenty of potassium, calcium, selenium, copper and manganese which help to rejuvenate your skin. Use the Face Pack of Yellow Face Jack to get the glow you always wanted. Your cumin water is vital to keep your skin soft, supple and smooth.
(Also read: Giloy ka fayda-Top 10 benefits of giloy)
Jeera side effects
 - Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, there is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking cumin. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
 - Bleeding disorder:Cumin can cause blood clots. According to the theory, cumin can make bleeding problems worse.
 - Diabetes: Cumin can lower blood sugar levels in some people. Look for signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and monitor your blood sugar carefully if you have diabetes and use cumin.
 - Surgery: Cumin can lower blood sugar levels. Some experts fear it could interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery. Stop using cumin at least 2 weeks before scheduled surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What are the side effects of cumin water?
People with diabetes and bleeding disorders should be careful about the amount of cumin they are consuming. Excessive consumption of cumin water lowers blood sugar levels and also affects the clotting process.
Q. Can we drink cumin water at night?
Yes, cumin water can be taken at any time of the day.
Q. How does cumin help in weight loss?
Cumin plays a role in digestion and keeps your intestines clean. Better digestion improves metabolism and plays a key role in weight loss.
Q. Will cumin water reduce belly fat?
Cumin water will not help to reduce belly fat in particular. However by improving metabolism it helps in reducing overall fat combined with other factors.


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The projected cost of a new high school is $20,066,340 of which $5,216,340 will be covered by annual grants. Using data from the last census the planning committee estimated the cost per town resident. However new census data reveals that the population has increased by 2200 people reducing the cost of each resident by $75.
What is the current population of the town?
1 Answer | Add Yours
If $5,216,340 will be covered by annual grants, this leaves $20,066,340 - $5,216,340 = $14,850,000 left to be covered by the residents of the town.
Let x = original population
Let 'y_n' = new cost per person
Let' y_o' = old cost per person
'y_n = 14,850,000/(x+2,200)'
'y_o = 14,850,000/x'
'14,850,000/x - 14,850,000/(x+2,200) = 75'
'14,850,000(x+2200) -14,850,000x = 75x(x+2,200)'
'14,850,000x+32,670,000,000 -14,850,000x = 75x^2 +165,000x'
Use the quadratic formula:
a=1; b=2,200; c=435,600,000
Since the population could not have been negative we know that:
'x=(-2,200+41,800)/2 = 19,800'
Therefore, the current population of the town is 19,800+2,200 = 22,000.
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An analysis of the commuting and housing expenses of the working poor finds that compared with other workers:
- The working poor spend a much higher portion of their income on commuting. The cost burden of commuting for the working poor is 6.1 percent compared with 3.8 percent for other workers. The working poor who drive to work spend the most: 8.4 percent.
- The combined costs of commuting and housing make up a larger portion of the household budgets of the working poor than other households. For working-poor homeowners, nearly 25 percent of their household income is consumed by housing and commuting expenses compared with just 15.3 percent for other households. For those who rent, the disparities between the working poor (32.4 percent) and other households (19.7 percent) are even greater.
- The cost burden of commuting for the working poor is greater than the national median in eight of the 12 largest metropolitan areas. Six of these—Boston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.—also have a higher cost burden of housing than the national median for the working poor.
Transportation is necessary to nearly every aspect of daily life. It enhances both physical and economic mobility and is a key factor in workers' ability to find and retain employment. This survey offers a better understanding of transportation and its costs by focusing on one of its components, commuting.


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When you create the deeplink any name can be used.
The deeplink will be triggered when the url is provided, as you are invoking the requesthandler via the url. With a deeplink the requesthandler is /link everything behind the link part are parameters (name of the deeplink config and input parameters). The handler is created in the after startup microflow, so make sure that the after startup microflow runs the deeplink register handler microflow.
Then in a deeplink you provide a microflow that needs to be executed when accessing your specific deeplink. The microflow allows for using the parameters after the name of the configuration in the url. So in a url /link//


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What Is Emergency Management?
Emergency Management is a coordinated response to an unusual emergency situation. A response that calls for maximum use of community resources, with far greater need for coordination between response agencies than usually exists.
The Emergency Management Office and the position of Emergency Management Coordinator is a Tribal office that is supported by Tribal funds and is partially reimbursed by federal and state grants. The office receives functional guidance from the regional Director of the Wisconsin Division of Emergency Management.
Emergency Management is a vital link in a network of services, which makes it possible for natural disasters and large-scale emergencies to be mitigated and dealt with effectively. The job of this department is to assist in all natural and man made disasters and in situations when a Tribal Entity has exhausted its immediately available local and mutual aid resources, when there is a potential for long range or immediate danger to life or property.
Providing assistance to St. Croix Tribal residents in the following disaster situations:
- Highway Accidents
- Rail Accidents
- Chemical Spills
- High Damaging Winds
- Forest Fires
Disasters Can Happen Anytime, Anywhere... Disaster Preparedness Begins with You!!!
If a disaster would strike our Tribal Communities, it could be days before help arrives and basic services are restored. Would you and your family be ready if that happened? Unfortunately, most households aren't prepared even for routine water main breaks and weather-related power outages that leave us without utilities for two or three days. The St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management Coordinator along with the emergency response community strongly urges every household to prepare to get along for 72 hours following an emergency with no assistance. This website provides information to the St. Croix Tribal Communities to better prepare themselves for disasters.
Be Informed about Natural Disasters
What is Emergency Management?
Emergency Management has grown out of the "old" Civil Defense days of the 1950's. Changes to federal and state laws have brought new concepts and responsibilities to the office including consideration and planning for all hazards.
In the late 1980's the implementation of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act created a repository for documenting the storage of hazardous materials in the community. In conjunction with these laws the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) was formed to help identify priorities and provide oversight to local emergency planning. Most recently Homeland Security issues have become an additional focus for planning activities and resource development.
St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management utilizes planning, training and coordination to continually develop mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery capabilities of the County's cities, towns, tribes and villages. These four phases of emergency management are intended to identify and coordinate available resources to deal with emergencies effectively, thereby saving lives, avoiding injury and minimizing economic loss.
Mitigation activities are those which actually eliminate or reduce the chance of occurrence or the effects of a disaster.
Examples Of Mitigation Strategies:
- Floodplain Management Ordinances
- Building Inspection, Fire Inspection
- Prevention and Preparedness programs
- Detention basins and Storm water management plans
- Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis
Response means the coordinated actions taken during or immediately following a natural or technological disaster, when essential utilities and supply sources are disrupted, major damage has occurred to public and private property, and injuries or deaths may have been inflicted.
All emergencies must be managed during the response phase by using an Incident Command structure that efficiently procures and employs all the resources needed to effectively manage the situation. Each emergency is different and requires a comprehensive assessment of resources available and the flexibility to mobilize them quickly.
Examples Of Response Capabilities:
- Fire Suppression
- Scene Security
- Damage Assessment
- Search and Rescue
- Debris Clearance
Preparedness means planning for emergency operations, identifying available resources which can be tapped during a disaster, ensuring training, and practicing plans through exercises.
Examples Of Preparedness Techniques:
- Public Education
- Training and drills
- Plan development and revision
- Resource inventory
- Inter-jurisdictional communication
Recovery means the restoration of all systems to normal or near-normal condition. Long-term recovery from a disaster may go on for years until the entire disaster area is completely redeveloped, either as it was in the past or for an entirely new purpose which is less vulnerable to disaster.
Examples Of Recovery Tactics:
- Developing recovery plans
- Restoration of utilities, roads, and government services
- Damage Assessment
- Action plans
What is Sheltering-in-Place?
"Shelter-in-place" means to take immediate shelter where you are—at home, work, school or in between—usually for just a few hours. Local authorities may instruct you to "shelter-in-place" if biological, chemical or radiological contaminants are released into the environment or if there is a large scale infectious disease outbreak. Click here for more information on Sheltering in Place.
What is Evacuation?
During an emergency or disaster, individuals may be asked to temporarily leave their home or business during a natural or man-made disaster that possesses the potential to cause harm or even death to a given geographical population. Evacuations are usually temporarily, lasting sometimes a few hours to a few days.
Where can I get information about disasters and emergencies?
During an emergency or disaster, individuals will be updated on the situation of the incident including any instructions that individuals should take, such as to shelter-in-place or evacuate, through a variety of means.
Television: Although, television is a great resource for receiving information, the Tribe relies heavily on the Twin Cities market hence information may not be as readily available as you'd like for Polk County area.
Newspaper: The Twin Cities area does have daily newspapers and will likely provide daily information on the incident.
Radio: Radio will likely be the best source of receiving information on a local incident. The following are local radio stations:
Visit the What's New section of our web site for updated information about emergency planning tips and events.
||St. Croix Chippewa Tribal Environmental Service
24663 Angeline Ave.
Webster, WI 54893
||_PHONE_
|Emergency Contact Number


text:
|Inquisitiveness In·quis"i·tive·ness noun The quality or state of being inquisitive; the disposition to seek explanation and information; curiosity to learn what is unknown; esp., uncontrolled and impertinent curiosity.
Mr. Boswell, whose inquisitiveness is seconded by great activity, scrambled in at a high window. Johnson.
Curiosity in children nature has provided, to remove that ignorance they were born with; which, without this busy inquisitiveness, will make them dull. Locke.
Inquisitor In·quis"i·tor noun [ Latin : confer French inquisiteur. See Inquire.] 1. An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions. [ R.] " Inquisitors are tatlers." Feltham. 2. (Law) One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as coroners, sheriffs, etc. Mozley & W. 3. (R.C.Ch.) A member of the Court of Inquisition.
Inquisitorial In·quis'i·to"ri·al adjective
[ Confer French inquisitorial
.] 1. Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry; searching; as, inquisitorial power.
"Illiberal and inquisitorial
abuse." F. Blackburne.
He conferred on it a kind of inquisitorial and censorious power even over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of conscience. Hume. 2. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its practices.
robes." C. Buchanan.
Inquisitorially In·quis'i·to"ri·al·ly adverb In an inquisitorial manner.
Inquisitorious In·quis'i·to"ri·ous adjective Making strict inquiry; inquisitorial. [ Obsolete] Milton.
Inquisiturient In·quis'i·tu"ri·ent adjective Inquisitorial. [ Obsolete] "Our inquisiturient bishops." Milton.
Inracinate In·rac"i·nate transitive verb [ Prefix inin + French racine root: confer French enraciner.] To enroot or implant.
Inrail In·rail" transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Inrailed ; present participle & verbal noun Inrailing.] To rail in; to inclose or surround, as with rails. Hooker.
Inregister In·reg"is·ter transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Inregistered ; present participle & verbal noun Inregistering.] [ Prefix inin + register : confer French enregistrer. Confer Enregister.] To register; to enter, as in a register. [ R.] Walsh.
Inro In"ro noun [ Jap. inrō ; in seal + rō box.] A small closed receptacle or set of receptacles of hard material, as lacquered wood, iron, bronze, or ivory, used by the Japanese to hold medicines, perfumes, and the like, and carried in the girdle. It is usually secured by a silk cord by which the wearer may grasp it, which cord passes through an ornamental button or knob called a netsuke.
(ĭn"rōd') noun The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment.
The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads of the enemy. Clarendon.
With perpetual inroads to alarm, Milton. Syn.
Though inaccessible, his fatal throne.
-- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion
(ĭn*rōd") transitive verb
[ imperfect & past participle Inroaded
; present participle & verbal noun Inroading
.] To make an inroad into; to invade.
The Saracens... conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine. Fuller.
Inroll In·roll" transitive verb See Enroll.
Inrunning In"run'ning noun The act or the place of entrance; an inlet. Tennyson.
Inrush In"rush' noun A rush inwards; as, the inrush of the tide. G. Eliot.
Inrush In·rush" intransitive verb To rush in. [ Obsolete] Holland.
Insabbatati In·sab'ba·ta"ti noun plural [ Late Latin Insabatati. See 1st In-, and Sabot.] The Waldenses; -- so called from their peculiarly cut or marked sabots, or shoes.
Insafety In·safe"ty noun Insecurity; danger. [ Obsolete]
Insalivation In·sal'i·va"tion noun (Physiol.) The mixing of the food with the saliva and other secretions of the mouth in eating.
Insalubrious In'sa·lu"bri·ous adjective [ Prefix innot + salubrious : confer Latin insalubris, French insalubre.] Not salubrious or healthful; unwholesome; as, an insalubrious air or climate.
Insalubrity In'sa·lu"bri·ty noun [ Confer French insalubrite.] Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; as, the insalubrity of air, water, or climate. Boyle.
Insalutary In·sal"u·ta·ry adjective [ Latin insaluteris : confer French insalutaire. See Innot, and Salutary.] 1. Not salutary or wholesome; unfavorable to health. 2. Not tending to safety; productive of evil.
Insanability In·san'a·bil"i·ty noun The state of being insanable or incurable; insanableness.
Insanable In·san"a·ble adjective [ Latin insanabilis ; confer Old French insanable. See Innot, and Sanable.] Not capable of being healed; incurable; irremediable.
Insanableness In·san"a·ble·ness noun The state of being insanable; insanability; incurableness.
Insanably In·san"a·bly adverb In an incurable manner.
Insane In·sane" adjective
[ Latin insanus
. See Innot, and Sane
.] 1. Exhibiting unsoundness or disorder of mind; not sane; mad; deranged in mind; delirious; distracted. See Insanity, 2. 2. Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons; as, an insane hospital. 3. Causing insanity or madness.
Or have we eaten on the insane root Shak. 4. Characterized by insanity or the utmost folly; chimerical; unpractical; as, an insane plan, attempt, etc.
That takes the reason prisoner?
I know not which was the insane measure. Southey.
Insanely In·sane"ly adverb Without reason; madly; foolishly.
Insaneness In·sane"ness noun Insanity; madness.
Insaniate In·sa"ni·ate transitive verb To render unsound; to make mad. [ Obsolete] Feltham.
Insanie In·sa"nie noun Insanity. [ Obsolete] Shak.
Insanitary In·san"i·ta·ry adjective Not sanitary; unhealthy; as, insanitary conditions of drainage.
Insanitation In·san'i·ta"tion noun Lack of sanitation; careless or dangerous hygienic conditions.
Insanity In·san"i·ty noun
[ Latin insanitas
unsoundness; confer insania
insanity, French insanite
.] 1. The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind; madness; lunacy.
All power of fancy over reason is a degree of insanity. Johnson.
Without grace Cowper. 2. (Law) Such a mental condition, as, either from the existence of delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong, with regard to any matter under action, does away with individual responsibility. Syn. -- Insanity
The heart's insanity admits no cure.
is the generic term for all such diseases; lunacy
has now an equal extent of meaning, though once used to denote periodical insanity; madness
has the same extent, though originally referring to the rage created by the disease; derangement
, are popular terms for insanity; delirium
, and frenzy
denote excited states of the disease; dementia
denotes the loss of mental power by this means; monomania
is insanity upon a single subject.
Insapory In·sa"po·ry adjective [ Prefix innot + sapor.] Tasteless; unsavory. [ R.] Sir T. Herbert.
Insatiability In·sa'tia·bil"i·ty noun
, [ Latin insatiabilitas
; confer French insatiabilite
.] The state or quality of being insatiable; insatiableness.
Eagerness for increase of possession deluges the soul, and we sink into the gulfs of insatiability. Rambler.
Insatiable In·sa"tia·ble adjective
[ French insatiable
, Latin ionsatiabilis
. See Innot, and Satiable
.] Not satiable


Antonyms of TOTTERING
Examples of usage:
 1. The chief officer of the palace, Fray Antonio de Villacastin, seeing Ulrich slip from his horse, hastened to receive the tottering soldier's tidings, and led him to the church. "The Complete Historical Romances of Georg Ebers" by Georg Ebers
 2. If this should get worse, food and especially drink sometimes return by the nose, and next there may be a slight squint, and the sight may become weakened, and an uncertain tottering gait; and sometimes for a week or two the child may be unable even to stand. "The Mother's Manual of Children's Diseases" by Charles West, M.D.
Alphabet Filter:


text:
As promised yesterday, here's some another Windows 8 Education app developed in Australia.
Link Lesson Coder, is from Lucas Moffitt, who's a developer in Newcastle (the Australian version, not the English one). It's an app designed to allow teachers (or other lesson observers) to reflect up classroom practice, and then analyse those reflections later. As a teacher or lesson observer, you scale and make some notes to review your lessons, and then later download these to Excel to see how you're progressing, and where you may want to spend more time in your planning. This is a noteworthy app for a couple of extra reasons:
And Lucas's Twitter stream tells me there's more teaching and learning apps coming from him soon, especially after this tweet on Christmas Eve "..the Australian Curriculum offers json formats of the new syllabus files. I'm going to build a million apps"
Read the full list of recommended Windows 8 apps for education


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Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Cancer Imaging
The Institute of Medicine defines comparative effectiveness research as "…the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care." CER provides a means for acquiring evidence and implementing procedures for evaluating and managing the impact of new imaging technologies on clinical and public health practices.
The Center for CER in Cancer Imaging combines the resources of:
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, an established center of expertise in CER through The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Norris Cotton Cancer Center
- American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) and its Statistical Center at Brown University, which conducts clinical studies of advanced imaging technologies for cancer detection, staging, and treatment
- Tufts Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), which has expertise in systematic review for diagnostic technologies
- National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR)
The Center for CER in Cancer Imaging advances research and new approaches for studying the impact of advanced imaging in cancer on health and health care utilization, with attention to the consequences of significant incidental diagnostic findings on patient care.
Current projects are based on the National Lung Screening Trial, a major NCI-sponsored study, and the National Oncologic PET Registry, sponsored by the American College of Radiology and the Academy of Molecular Imaging.


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$X_1$ and $X_2$ are independent random variables. $X_1$ and $Y = X_1 + X_2$ have $\chi^2$ distributions with $r_1$ and $r$ degrees of freedom and $r_1 < r$.
How would I show that $X_2$ has a $\chi^2$ distribution with $r - r_1$ degrees of freedom?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Since $X_1$ and $X_2$ are independent, the characteristic function of $Y$ is the product of the characteristic functions of $X_1$ and $X_2$, the characteristic function of a $\chi^2$ distribution with $r$ degrees of freedom is $(1-2ik)^{-r/2}$ ($k$ is theFourier variable). Thus the characteristic function of $X_2$ is $(1-2ik)^{-(r-r_1)/2}$
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Some fruits such as pumpkins can grow to be 100 lbs. Under different conditions, the same variety of pumpkin can produce a 15 lb. fruit. Both plants are healthy, and look the same except for their size difference. If I took two red apple trees and planted them in extreme opposite conditions, the fruit size would be nearly the same. The fruit quantity would be lowered in the tree grown under poor conditions. Why do fruits have such a variable range of acceptable sizes?
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Very interesting question, but this can be likened to asking "why are there more than one different animal species?". I hope someone can come up with a nice and specific answer, other than "evolution". – CHM Apr 3 '12 at 2:35
_USER_ maybe a good answer could address "R vs K selected species" – David Apr 3 '12 at 5:54
Some kinds of apples also have wide range of fruit size. The tree in my grandparents garden have fruits varying from 3 to 12 cm in diameter (when they are ripe). – Marta Cz-C Apr 3 '12 at 18:46
This is also essentially two questions in one. We could be asking "What can explain the size difference in pumpkins", and "Why are all apples of similar size". – LanceLafontaine Apr 6 '12 at 16:16
It's fine as one question. Each aspect of jmusser poses here informs the other. It's all related. – Larry_Parnell Apr 6 '12 at 17:25
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Pumpkins, squashes in general, grow on vines, while apples grow on trees. Vines are fast growing and trees are not. Zucchini can be quite large; cucumbers, too. Pears, plums, peaches and other tree fruits do have a reduced variation in fruit size. While I do not know the answer to your question, my background in plant biology tells me that this is an important part of the reason. For example, a watermelon or pumpkin rests on the earth, but a tree fruit hangs. If that fruit is too heavy it falls from the ground before it is ripe - before the seeds are fully differentiated that is. So, while "evolution" might be an answer, it is important to discuss what aspects are at play.
I think it has to do with vine vs tree, and how the fruit is attached and hangs/lays.
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If you grow a melon on a trellis, it will grow and fall off under its own weight. – J. Musser Apr 4 '12 at 13:30
grapes grow on vines, but they are closer to apples in acceptable fruit sizes. – J. Musser Apr 18 '12 at 1:16
but grape bunches come in a wide variety of sizes. – futurebird Jun 21 '13 at 17:26
Does that mean if some external support is provided to say an apple, will it grow to a bigger size? Has there any such experiment done? – san1646 Oct 2 '14 at 21:25
Bigger pumpkins have more seeds than smaller pumpkins. When they get ideal nutrition the plant tries to make as many seeds as it can to take advantage of the windfall. Many of these vines with big fruit potential grow in compost and rotting material. So they are more opportunistic a pumpkin seed "in the wild" could land in a barren area or in a heap of rotting material-- if it hits the jackpot it meeds to quickly use those nutrients to make more seeds.
PLants with more consistent fruit sizes don't respond as well to "jack pot" levels of rotting material-- they like more consistent nourishment. I think this is another difference.
Also one large pumpkin is a more efficient way to enclose seeds than lots of little pumpkins.
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I suspect the answer to this, is that in looking at agricultural fruits you are looking at plants that have been the subject of artificial selection, and the tree vs vine thing is a practical limit, but not the driving factor... for instance a jack fruit grows on tree and is watermelon sized...
I think if you look at something like a pumpkin, you will likely see that pumpkins have 3 traits:
 1. Indeterminate growth... they will produce as many fruit as the season will let them.
 2. Individual fruit will try to complete growth and ripen before winter
 3. Vines with fewer fruit can devote more resources per fruit, and therefor larger fruit.
Even in apples; if all of the blooms go to fruit the apples will be smaller (commercially apples are thinned to make market acceptable sized fruit): _URL_
So I think the real issue is less tree vs vine, and more about growth patterns... it may be possible to have a watermelon sized apple, but the tree will have to be sturdy enough to support the fruit: so it isn't a non-issue, but support is a limiting factor.
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Well... If I support an apple, it will still mature at the same size. – J. Musser Jul 23 '14 at 2:00
that is a non sequitur... if an apple were to grow very much larger it would require more support. – Grady Player Jul 23 '14 at 3:52
Yes, but is that the only restriction on size variability within a species? – J. Musser Jul 23 '14 at 3:53
No it is only a limiting factor... apples are highly variable, there is a good segment on them on "The Botany of Desire" (TV show, probably book)... I think you can sort of generalize it as a distance = Rate * Time problem (it really isn't linear, I assume)... Rate is made up of how the plant responds to the level of growth hormones that it produces with the amount of nutrients it can provide, and the time is the time that it is in the part of the growth cycle that it is actually growing. – Grady Player Jul 23 '14 at 14:21
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Suppose $A$ and $B$ are two algebras of the same signature, both having maximum condition on sub-algebras. Is it true that $A\times B$ has the same property?
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What is maximum condition? – The Masked Avenger Feb 19 at 22:38
Take ${\mathbb Z}$ with two unary operations $i:z\mapsto z+1$ and $d:z\mapsto z-1$. Such an algebra has only two subalgebras $\varnothing$ and ${\mathbb Z}$. Whereas in ${\mathbb Z}\times{\mathbb Z}$, a subalgebra is any subset closed with respect to the action of the group $({\mathbb Z},+)$ given by $z\cdot(z_1,z_2):=(z+z_1,z+z_2)$. Any orbit is given by the number $z_1-z_2$. Therefore, a subalgebra is nothing but a collection of integer numbers. Consequently, the maximality condition does not hold. – Sasha Anan'in Feb 19 at 22:57
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Here is a semigroup example.
Take the semigroup $\mathbb Z_+$ of positive integers. Each of its subsemigroups is finitely generated so it has the maximum condition on subsemigroups. But $\mathbb Z_+\times \mathbb Z_+$ is not finitely generated so it does not have the maximum condition.
Indeed, any element of the form $(m,1)$ with $m>0$ is not a sum of two elements of $\mathbb Z_+\times \mathbb Z_+$. Thus these elements must belong to any generating set.
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Thank you, it seems that determining the type of algebras having this property must be hard. – M. Shahryari Feb 20 at 3:06
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The United States Geological Survey and United States Forest Service have periodically measured chemical and physical water quality conditions at locations throughout the Eleven Point Watershed since 1968 (Table Wq01)(USGS 1969; Aley 1971; Tryon 1978; and USGS 1995). Many different aspects of water quality have been measured, and data on one or more of the items listed in Table Wq02 are available at each station.
Long term and current water quality data exist for the Eleven Point River near Bardley (Station 07071500) and at Greer Spring (Station 07071000). Water samples taken throughout the period of record indicate water discharged from Greer Spring maintains a water temperature of 55 to 57 degrees Fahrenheit (deg. F.) dissolved oxygen between 3.9 and 11.2 mg/l. The water is hard (108 to 209mg/l CaCO3), low in total phosphorus (0.020 to 0.030 mg/l), with periodically high fecal coliform (1 to 173 cols./100ml) and fecal streptococci (29 to 94 cols./100ml) levels, coinciding with periods of high precipitation (USGS 1996).
Water quality readings taken on the Eleven Point River near Bardley suggest the river has hard water (60 to 210 mg/l CaCO3), that is low in total phosphorus (0.008 to 0.15 mg/l), and has periodically high fecal coliform (2 to 2300 cols./100ml) and fecal streptococci (6 to 1300 cols./100ml) once again, the elevated values coincide with periods of high precipitation. Water temperatures at this station have ranged from 43 to 73 deg. F. and dissolved oxygen readings have ranged between 6.0 and 13.2 mg/l (USGS 1996).
Two years, 1971 and 1993, were arbitrarily selected to compare water quality values between the 1970's and 1990's at Bardley (Table Wq03). Most water quality parameters were similar except total phosphorus, manganese, and iron. Phosphorus, manganese, and iron values were all higher during 1971. Fecal coliform levels appear to be much lower in 1971. However, high fecal coliform levels have occurred throughout the entire period of record, and have often exceeded state standards for drinking water (0 cols./100ml) and whole-body-contact recreation (200 cols./100ml) (USGS 1972; USGS 1994; and MDNR 1994A). State water quality standards for fecal streptococci have not been established.
From 1990 to 1993 the USGS in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) performed an extensive evaluation of ground and surface water quality, ground water levels, and ground water flow in and adjacent to the lead prospecting area. Prior to this study, insufficient information existed to adequately analyze the potential effects of lead mining in the area. Water quality was evaluated at 6 stream sites, 7 springs, and 29 wells. Various water quality parameters were evaluated once a year between 1990 and 1993 (Table Wq04)(Kleeschulte and Sutley 1995). The data from this study is on file at the MDC Ozark Fisheries Regional Office, West Plains. All water quality parameters were within normal levels. Figure Ge04 displays historical records of some successful groundwater dye tracings in the Eleven Point Watershed. This study showed positive dye traces inconsistent with previous dye traces, giving testimony to the dynamics of groundwater movement (Legler, personal communication). A multi-agency database of dye tracings is available through the MDNR, Division of Geology and Land Survey.
Duchrow (1977) conducted the most comprehensive macroinvertebrate study within the watershed. He collected a total of 129 taxa of aquatic invertebrates from the Eleven Point River and its tributaries during a water quality/aquatic invertebrate study in 1974. Water quality was evaluated by comparing calculated species diversity index values to established standards for Missouri streams (Tables Wq05, Wq06, and Figure Bc04). Many pollution sensitive invertebrates were collected. Water quality parameter values met established criteria for unpolluted Missouri streams. According to Duchrow, intensive recreational use has not degraded the water quality of the Eleven Point River. However, he also noted that the conversion of forest land to pasture land and the introduction of treated sewage effluent represent major, potential threats to the water quality of the Eleven Point River Watershed, adding that these activities had apparently contributed additional nutrients to the Eleven Point River as witnessed by excessive algal growth. Duchrow (1977) stated, "to date, the increased productivity has not caused serious problems; however, if the nutrient introduction is allowed to increase, future water quality degradation could occur."
Since 1974, benthic macroinvertebrates have been spot sampled periodically. Seasonal records do not exist for any of the post 1974 collections, which precludes using this data to compare with the 1974 study performed by Duchrow.
Data obtained from the United States Geological Survey National Water Use Database (1999) indicate that total water withdrawn within the Eleven Point Watershed in 1995 was 4.08 million gallons per day (mgd) (Table Wq07)(USGS 1999). Nearly all of the water withdrawn in the watershed was from the groundwater system. Groundwater withdrawn within the watershed was 3.21 million gallons per day (mgd) while surface water withdrawn was 0.87 mgd. All surface water withdrawn was for livestock or irrigation use.
Domestic water use was the most prevalent use within the Eleven Point Watershed (USGS 1999). Domestic deliveries from public water supplies in 1995 equaled 0.56 million gallons per day (mgd). Self-supplied water withdrawn in 1995 for domestic use equaled 0.52 mgd. Livestock use was a close second at 1 mgd (Table Wq07).
The amount of water withdrawn in the watershed is likely to continue to rise in the upper portion of the watershed with a projected increase in the population of Howell County. Projections of population increase of Missouri counties have been calculated by the Missouri Office of Administration (MOA), Division of Budget and Planning for three different projection scenarios in a report entitled "Projections of the Population of Missouri Counties By Age, Gender, and Race: 1990 to 2020" (MOA 1994). The combined population for Howell and Oregon Counties is expected to increase 6% to 27% by the year 2020.
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) maintains records of "major" users of surface and ground water (those facilities capable of withdrawing 100,000 gallons/day) throughout the state. Recent records (1993) indicate that although there are no major surface water users, four major ground water users exist within the Eleven Point Watershed. The major ground water users include the cities of Willow Springs, Alton, and Birch Tree, as well as Oregon County Public Water Supply District #2 (PWSD #2). Annual water withdrawals (million gallons/year) for Willow Springs, Alton, Birch Tree, and PWSD #2 are 161.0, 60.4, 36.7, and 2.1 respectively (MDNR 1993).
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has designated 20 miles of the Eleven Point River from Greer Spring (Section 17, 23N, 2W) to Highway 160 (Section 36, 25N, 4W) in Oregon County as a Cold-Water Sport Fishery (Figure Hc03). The Eleven Point River from its headwaters near Willow Springs to Highway 142 has also been designated as an outstanding National Water Resource. Section 23, 25N, 6W (Thomasville) to the state line is designated by the MDNR for whole body contact recreation as well as boating and canoeing (MDNR 1994A). Within the National Scenic River boundary, United States Forest Service has established regulations prohibiting the use of air boats and outboard motors larger than 25 HP at the propeller shaft.
The Eleven Point River is not designated for use as a drinking water supply. The streams of this watershed have no public surface water withdrawals. Additionally, there are no dam or hydropower influences at this time. Additional use designations for the Eleven Point River and its tributaries are included in Table Wq08.
Section 303d of the federal Clean Water Law requires that states identify those waters for which current pollution control measures are inadequate. This is accomplished by comparing data from those waters with water quality criteria established for designated beneficial uses of those waters (MDNR 1999b). Those waters are then included in the 303(d) list. The state must then conduct Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) studies on those waters in order to determine what pollution control measures are required and then insure those measures are implemented (MDNR 1999a). The Final 1998 303(d) list for Missouri includes 0.4 miles of the Eleven Point River and 0.1 miles of Piney Creek (MDNR 1999c). The pollutant at both sites is chlorine associated with the Willow Springs and Alton waste water treatment plants. The Clean Water Act requires that the list be updated every 2 years thus the


text:
In February of this year, farmers G.S. Shropshire & Sons found a massive trunk of black bog oak thousands of years old in their field at Downham Market, Cambridgeshire, east England. The marshy Fenland area is known as a treasure trove of ancient timber which fell when sea levels rose starting around 7000 years ago. The fallen timbers were preserved in the silty water that would become peat. This trunk is 44 feet long and weighs five tons...Instead of processing this log into parquet-sized pieces, such as those for the table in the insert above, the finders decided that this one deserved special treatment:
The finders alerted cabinet makers Adamson and Low, specialists in bog oak processing who purchase hundreds of logs a year from fenland farmers who turn them up while working their fields. Hamish Low recognized that the size and condition of this trunk made it exceptional, that as a remnant of the giant trees that once bristled in England's forests this specimen should be saved for the nation instead of being made into small furniture pieces.
He could go ahead and plank the trunk, but instead of dividing the planks into more easily dried boards, they would be kept in their 44-foot lengths. Once dried the planks would shrink, but they'd still be massive and could be used to make a giant table. That huge tabletop could then be exhibited as an example of and tribute to the arboreal giants that once dominated the English landscape. There isn't a single piece of bog oak as such on public display in the UK. Here was the perfect opportunity to rectify that oversight...That required specially-made equipment, extra funding, and the skills and muscles of 40 volunteers. Some of the details are discussed in The History Blog. The table was projected to be completed and publicly displayed in the summer of 2013.


text:
Dick Eastman's Genealogy Newsletter had a post this week about the courses being offered for free through the LDS Church's FamilySearch.org website. I decided to see if they had anything available to assist Portuguese researchers.
I found they have three courses under Reading Handwritten Records Series:
This lesson covers the basics on the way the Portuguese write letters. I thought the examples of each letter were very good. This lesson runs 20 minutes. There is also a PDF file with letter examples.
This lesson covers months, days, years, and common words found in Portuguese records. There are also question and answer sections so you can test your knowledge. This lesson runs 25 minutes. There are three handouts in PDF format for dates, keywords, and abbreviations.
This lesson covers the actual records one might encounter in Portuguese research. It walks you through examples of real records. It even shows you the actual text of documents line by line. This lesson runs 25 minutes.
I haven't gone through these lessons in their entirety. But, from what I saw they are presented very well. The audio compliments the text.
If you are starting with Portuguese records, or find yourself having difficulty understand the old handwriting, give this course a try.


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Prove that a $3\times3$
is positive definite if and only if $a > 0$, $ad - b^2 > 0 $, $\det K > 0$. Also prove that an $n\times n$ matrix $K > 0$ is positive definite if and only if all the upper left square $k \times k$ subdeterminants are positive for $k = 1, \ldots, n$.
For the first part I know that in order it to be a positive definite then the quadratic function $q(x)$ can be transformed by completing the squares but I don't know how to prove $a > 0$, $ad - b^2 > 0 $, $\det K > 0$. For the second part I have no idea how to do.
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Second part implies the first – Berci Oct 8 '12 at 21:53
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
HINT Note that if $A = \begin{pmatrix}A_{11} & A_{12}\\ A_{21} & A_{22} \end{pmatrix}$, where $A_{ij} \in \mathbb{R}^{n_i \times n_j}$ is positive definite, then choosing $x = \begin{pmatrix}x_1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$, where $x_1 \in \mathbb{R}^{n_1 \times 1}$, we get $$x^TAx = x_1^T A_{11} x_1$$Hence, if $A$ is positive definite so is $A_{11}$ or for that matter any submatrix along the diagonal.
Hence, all you need to prove is that the determinant of a positive definite matrix is positive.
To prove the above fact, first prove that the eigenvalues of a positive definite matrix are positive (Why? Look at the definition of eigenvalue). Then prove that the determinant of a matrix is nothing but the product of all its eigenvalues (Why?).
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Thank you marvis!! But we havent learned eigenvalues yet? What can I replace eigenvalues with to prove your hint? – diimension Oct 8 '12 at 22:06
_USER_: Since $A$ is symmetric positive definite, you can find $B$ such that $A = B \,^t B$. So you get $\det(A) = \det(B) \det(^t B) = (\det(B))^2 \ge 0$. – Joel Cohen Oct 8 '12 at 22:15
Beautiful thank you very much!! – diimension Oct 8 '12 at 22:18
_USER_ how will I be able to do the first part?Do I take the quadratic function into account here? – diimension Oct 8 '12 at 22:20
_USER_ : The existence of $B$ is equivalent to saying the quadratic function can be written as a sum of squares : If $q(x) = (b_{1,1} x_1 + \ldots + b_{1,n} x_n)^2 + (b_{2,1} x_1 + \ldots + b_{2,n} x_n)^2 + \ldots + (b_{n,1} x_1 + \ldots + b_{n,n} x_n)^2$, then $A = \,^t B B$ with $B = (b_{i,j})$. – Joel Cohen Oct 8 '12 at 22:28
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text:
I am writing a report that allows my employer to rank employees by productivity and fault rate. Employee ranks are based on productivity (value of 25%), supervisor input(value of 25%) and fault rate(50%). Catching a fault awards you a single point, causing a minor fault takes a point away, causing a major fault takes three points away. Using this number and the amount of hours tracked I want to get a "faults per hour" that is a positive number and use this to sum with the rest of the score in order to get a value with around 100 being the max that I can use to rank employees.
How do I properly calculate the fault rate per hour? The method I am considering is adding the score to a hundred and then weighting it according to time spent at the station, the issue that I'm having is I compare the final score to the average score at the station, how can I keep the average score of that station reasonable for comparison if I'm adding the results to 100?
So I guess I'm doing this
(x-3y - z + 100 / a) * b [x] is the amount of faults they have caught. [y] is the amount of major faults they have created. [z] is the number of minor faults they have created. 100 is to get a positive number. [a] is number hours spent at station. [b] is the number hours spent on this station compared to total time
I'm dividing it by [a] because I need an hourly rate.
Since the period that I'm using as the baseline is 6 weeks and the period that I'm using to compare it is 6 weeks maybe I could just sum it all together and add the number to (100* 4) because it's 4 times the period size? These numbers don't have to be absolutely perfect because they will never be equal. Just looking to compare a 6week sample of a person's performance to a 6month sample of the entire average.


text:
- Effects of nuclear orientation on fusion and fission in the reaction using 238U target nucleus (2010)
- Fission fragment mass distributions in the reaction of 30Si+238U were measured around the Coulomb barrier. At the above-barrier energies, the mass distribution showed a Gaussian shape. At the subbarrier energies, triple-humped distribution was observed, which consists of symmetric fission and asymmetric fission peaked at AL/AH ~ 90/178. The asymmetric fission should be attributed to quasifission from the results of the measured evaporation residue (ER) cross-sections for 30Si+238U. The cross-section for 263Sg at the abovebarrier energy agree with the statistical model calculation which assumes that the measured fission cross-section originates from fusion-fission, whereas the one for 264 Sg measured at the sub-barrier energy is smaller than the calculation, which suggests the presence of quasifission.


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####How to create 1. Get inspired by the sample story 2. Customize it, or start from scratch 3. Drop in sound effects, fun expressions, and pauses 4. Create interactive "blanks" to fill in while you listen 5. Pick a name for your skill 6. Give your child access to this skill in Amazon Kids. Go to Amazon Parent Dashboard, tap on the settings icon next to your child's name, select Add Content, go to the Alexa Skills tab, and then toggle your Blueprint skill on ####How to use Gather your audience. When you play the story, Alexa asks listeners to fill in the blanks and then reads the story.


text:
Mulch has sometimes been known to smoke and heat up, and in some cases, it can even ignite spontaneously. The main issue is that some types of mulch are highly flammable, and the fire they produce can extend to nearby buildings and forests, which can lead to an extensive fire that would threaten human and animal life alike.
Of course, mulch doesn't usually produce fire on its own. Typically, smoking materials such as cigarette buts can make their way to the mulch, and cause it to smoke or even ignite. Also, if the mulch is pushed deeper into the ground, the heat and pressure can build up, leading to it producing an open flame.
To prevent mulch from bursting into an open flame in a dry area, you can take a few precautions:
- Dispose of all your smoking materials responsibly, and avoid smoking in the area where your mulch is located.
- Regularly water your garden to make sure that the mulch is constantly moist – even when there's a drought or the weather is uncommonly warm and dry.
- Use less flammable mulch, such as pine bark nuggets or shredded hardwood.
- Add a rock bed barrier between your garden and any nearby buildings, including your home.
For any questions you have contact _URL_


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I know that an infinite set can be partitioned into 2 infinite subsets.
Can one partition an infinite set into finitely many infinite subsets?
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Are you asking that given an infinite set, can that set be partitioned into $n$ infinite sets for all $n$? – ferson2020 Jan 30 '13 at 16:26
In fact, you can also partition it into infinitely many infinite sets. For example, with the set $\mathbb N$, you can let $A_n=\{k\in\mathbb N\mid k=2^nm\text{ with }m\text{ odd}\}$ for $n=0,1,2,\ldots$ – Hagen von Eitzen Jan 30 '13 at 16:30
Let $n$ be given. Partition the integers into those that are multiples of $n$, those that leave a remainder of 1 when divided by $n$, those that leave a remainder of 2 when divided by $n$,... and those that leave a remainder of $n-1$ when divided by $n$. – MJD Jan 30 '13 at 17:20
2 Answers 2
Well, if you can do it with 2, you can keep partitioning one of them.
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Ok, thanks Andreas. – student Jan 30 '13 at 16:26
Of course. We do it by induction.
Theorem: If $A$ is an infinite set and $n>0$ is a natural number then we can write $A$ as a disjoint union of $n$ infinite sets.
Proof. For $n=1$ this is obvious, so we actually start with $n=2$.
For $n=2$ we can do it because every infinite set can be split into two infinite sets.
Suppose that we can split $A$ into $n$ parts, $A_1,\ldots, A_n$. Each is infinite, split $A_n$ into $B$ and $C$, and so the partition $A_1,\ldots,A_{n-1},B,C$ is a partition of $A$ into $n+1$ parts. $\square$
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matrix, MATLAB Programming
if i have a 3x2 double.. how can i run a for loop for this matrix so tht it can subtracted values of he adjacent neighbors?
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Before you go shopping for a freezer, decide whether a chest freezer or an upright freezer would better meet your needs. Then choose a model based on size, capacity, and energy efficiency.
Placing your model
If you plan to keep the freezer in a living area, consider how noisy it is. Most manufacturers say that their freezers can operate in a room where the temperature is from 32 degree to 110 degrees Fahrenheit, though they also indicate that spaces colder than 32 degrees F will not affect freezer operation. If you plan to house the freezer in an unheated area, such as a garage, adhere to the manufacturer's specified operating range.
Sizing your model
Freezers, whether chest or upright, come in four basic sizes: compact (5 cubic feet), small (6 to 9 cubic feet), medium (12 to 18 cubic feet), and large (more than 18 cubic feet). Your choice should depend on available space and family needs.
Weigh blackout performance
Most manufacturers say that their freezers can keep food adequately frozen for 24 hours with the power off, as long as the freezer remains unopened. But our tests simulating a prolonged power failure revealed significant differences. Some uprights allowed a relatively large increase in temperature after only nine hours.
Keeping food from spoiling
Most of the chests and self-defrosting uprights we tested delivered impressive temperature performance, maintaining 0 degrees F quite evenly throughout their interior. But all of the manual-defrost upright models had trouble keeping their door shelves as cool as the rest of the interior.
Any frozen food that has reached temperatures above 40 degrees for more than two hours should be discarded. For guidelines on frozen-food safety, read the freezing and food safety guidelines from the Department of Agriculture and our advice on freezing foods.
Don't expect your new freezer to be quite as energy efficient as its yellow EnergyGuide label implies. On average, our latest tested models used 17 percent more energy. That's because our tests are tougher-and, we believe, more like real-world conditions-than those specified by the U.S. Department of Energy. We fill the freezers to capacity, whereas they're only 75 percent full in the DOE test. And we test for energy use with the center of the freezer actually at 0 degrees, the optimum temperature for storing frozen food, while manufacturers are allowed to extrapolate energy use at 0 degrees from test results above and below zero. Except for Energy Star products, the information on the labels relies on manufacturers' test data.
Copyright © 2006-2012 Consumers Union of U.S., Inc. No reproduction, in whole or in part, without written permission.


- 3 frozen puff pastry sheets
 - 1 egg yolk
 - 2 tablespoons milk
 - 6 eggs
 - ½ bunch chives
 - Rice or peas for weighing down the pastry
Puff pastry bunnies with scrambled eggs
 1. Cut circles in the puff pastry using a 9 cm biscuit cutter and then press into the muffin moulds. Prick the bottoms with a fork.
 2. Cut the baking paper to size, place onto each puff pastry cup and weigh down with rice or peas. Brush the rims of the puff pastry with the egg yolk.
 3. Bake the weighed-down puff pastry cups blind at 180 °C for about 10-15 minutes.
 4. Cut 12 bunny ears out of the rest of the puff pastry using leaf-like biscuit cutters and brush with egg yolk. Place the ears onto a baking tray lined with baking paper and bake until golden brown.
 5. Whisk the 6 eggs with 2 tablespoons of milk, salt and pepper. Add the egg mixture to a frying pan and quickly thicken over a medium heat. Then slowly stir with a spatula until everything has thickened.
 6. Remove the rice and baking paper from the muffin moulds, fill with the scrambled eggs, place the bunny ears onto the scrambled eggs and sprinkle with the chives.


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OLICO Youth continues to explore the effectiveness of computer-based mathematics solutions with a group of South African township-school youth. This year, sixty-five learners from Diepsloot between grades 7-10 are participating on the programme. Between Feb and Sept 2014, OLICO learners attempted over 76,609 maths questions and achieved an average 35% increase in basic number sense as well as an average 47% increase on foundational curriculum content. The focus now shifts to improving the speed at which learners progress through these lessons and improving the retention of newly-acquired knowledge. OLICO is committed to finding a genuine solution that is effective, sustainable and replicable.
Introduction OLICO Youth is a community-based academic support programme for township school youth with a focus on senior phase mathematics. The aim of OLICO Youth is to provide learners with a pathway into high school mathematics by bridging the gaps in foundational understanding, thereby serving as a conduit into algebra and geometry. There are currently sixty-five Diepsloot learners between grades 7-10 enrolled on the OLICO Youth programme. Learners attend 2 computer-based after-school sessions twice a week as they progress through the OLICO curriculum at their own pace. To remain on the programme, learners must attend at least 75% of their sessions and complete their homework assignments. Learners also attend on Saturday mornings for non-academic input.
At each mid-week session, learners follow OLICO's 5-Step Process:
- Arrive on time for scheduled session
- Check in and show completed homework
- Log onto computer with unique username
- Follow OLICO's 5 P's
- Check out and receive new homework
Learners work at their own pace once they log onto the OLICO learning management system. The personalised learning environment allows learners who score 80% or more in the short pre-lesson quizzes to skip these sections. Learners who achieve less than 80% however follow OLICO's 5 P's which is made up of the following:
- Presentation (video)
- Practice exercises
- Pause and review
The most pressing need for the majority of learners joining OLICO Youth is to substantially improve their general number sense skills and mathematical fluency. There are major challenges across South Africa in the shift from foundation phase mathematics (grades 1-3) to intermediate phase mathematics (grades 4-6) with most learners enrolling at OLICO Youth needing to catch up 2-4 years worth of content. Given this context, OLICO focuses on building foundational skills as a gateway to deeper curriculum level understanding. Key lessons to date:
- Learners are highly enthusiastic about technology. There is little doubt that the computer-based approach leads to an increase in practice attempts, time-on-task, positive attitude towards maths and commitment to progressing through the lessons. The sheer volume of questions attempted by OLICO learners this year is impressive. In total, over 76,609 maths questions have been attempted this year alone… and counting.
- OLICO learners achieved substantial improvements in their basic number sense abilities. Since February this year, 83% of the learners completed the number sense curriculum with learners improving by an average of 35%. The number sense curriculum includes timed exercises focusing on improving mental arithmetic with questions on: single/double-digit addition/subtraction; number bonds; finding differences; friendly numbers; multiplication and division tables.
- OLICO learners also demonstrated substantial improvements on the foundational curriculum. Mastery for foundation-level topics is set at 80% since the lessons are fundamental requirements for future mathematics understanding. Learners are permitted to progress to subsequent lessons only once they have achieved this level of mastery. As a result, the speed at which learners progress through these lessons is an important additional indicator of effective learning. Given the amount of content learners need to cover, there is a need to increase the speed at which learners are progressing but, this concern aside, the results are impressive:
On average, learners improved on their pre-assessment results by a whopping 47%:
- Equally pleasing is the progress of the OLICO learners who were part of the original pilot phase in 2012. These learners joined while in Grade 8. They are now in Grade 10 and have consistently improved their curriculum-level results. The grade 10 learners have displayed impressive levels of commitment, dedication and a positive attitude towards mathematics which is beginning to show in their results over time:
- In addition to the clear benefits of an increase in the amount of question-attempts and time-on-task, technology also offers instant feedback to the learner which is particularly important for effective learning. Learners can thereby shape their personal learning experiences by responding appropriately to the cues provided by the computer.
- Finally, the numerous advantages of technology do not replace the need for a skilled facilitator alongside a context-appropriate programme. At the very least, the facilitator must have a well-developed number sense in order to intervene when learners get stuck. Technology enables a good facilitator to interact and assess learner needs (with real-time feedback) on a highly individualised and targeted basis.
5 core focus areas going forward:
- Over the forthcoming 6-9 months, the OLICO team is focused on finding ways to increase the speed at which learners progress through the OLICO lessons and thereby increase curriculum coverage.
- The OLICO team is also placing a greater emphasis on regular checkpoint interventions to ensure and better assess knowledge retention.
- Since English literacy remains a barrier for many of the OLICO learners, a literacy strategy is to be incorporated as core to the programme from 2015.
- A new custom-designed database is being built to simplify the OLICO processes and reduce administrative complexity.
- OLICO will continue to develop and publish open-source mathematics materials on our resources page and build a programme around Siyavula's Everything Maths for our Grade 10 and 11 learners in 2015.
Conclusion: A significant amount of progress has been achieved over the past year, both in terms of learner progression through the OLICO maths curriculum and in the development of context-appropriate open-source content. There are strong positive indications that OLICO Youth is addressing a number of the deep-rooted foundational challenges facing SA's learners. The key remaining challenge over the next 6-9 months is for OLICO to achieve progress on the "5 core focus areas" (as identified above). Success in this regard will determine whether the OLICO solution is indeed ready and effective enough to begin replicating in new environments.
Some programme background and history: Initially, the OLICO Youth project began by experimenting with freely-available online mathematics videos and exercises from Khan Academy. However, there are a number of challenges to using the Khan Academy platform for OLICO's specific purposes and a decision was made to build OLICO's own customised learning management system (LMS). The OLICO LMS thus pools together a variety of relevant open-source materials and the OLICO team has been developing additional content when context-appropriate resources do not already exist (published as creative commons). For the older grades, it also serves as a gateway into the Siyavula's Everything Maths. The broader mathematics context: Although it is a very small sample, the profiles of the OLICO Youth learners reflect many of the broader South African mathematics challenges:
- The nation-wide results of the Annual National Assessments (ANAs) provide clear indications that the majority of learners require significant remedial and foundational support in mathematics. The complexities of curriculum-level content increases greatly because learners are often still grappling with basic maths fundamentals. See also: SAHRC and UNICEF (2014) Poverty traps and social exclusion among children in South Africa. Pretoria: SAHRC.
- The shift from foundation phase mathematics (grades 1-3) to intermediate phase (grades 4-6) appears to be particularly problematic. The transition has a deep impact on mathematics understanding as it involves a shift from additive reasoning to proportional reasoning; from concrete representations of numbers and concepts to more abstract representations; and from mother tongue instruction to English. For more on the difficulties in the shift to proportional/multiplicative reasoning, see: Hiebert, J. And Behr, M. (eds) (1988) Number Concepts and Operations in the Middle Grades, Vol 2. Research Agenda for Mathematics Education. NCTM; and Harel, G. And Confrey, J. (1994) The development of multiplicative reasoning in the learning of mathematics, SUNY press, Albany.


text:
- Creative Cloud User Guide
- Introduction to Creative Cloud
- Download, install, set up, and update
- Manage your account
- Creative services
- Collaboration and storage services
- What are cloud documents
- Cloud documents | Common questions
- Create or convert files to cloud documents
- Set up cloud documents to use offline
- Revert to an earlier version of a cloud document
- Share your work for commenting
- Why can't I see my cloud documents offline?
- Creative Cloud Libraries
- Collaborate on Creative Cloud Libraries and folders
- Collaboration FAQ
- Sync your files using cloud storage
- Find how much cloud storage you have
- Set sync options
- Creative Cloud mobile apps
- Enterprise and teams
Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign feature the Start workspace that lets you quickly access your recent files and files stored in Creative Cloud. Within this workspace, you may also have access to various resources tailored for your requirements. You can also search for Adobe Stock assets from within this workspace. In Photoshop, you can even work with your Lightroom photos in the Start workspace.
You will see the new Start workspace in one of the following scenarios:
- When you launch the application
- When there is no document open
Modes in the Start workspace
There are two modes in the Start workspace: Work and Learn.
A set of tabs in the Work mode provides you quick access to the recent files and more:
- Recent: Displays the list of documents you have recently worked on. Select a document to continue working on it. You can view the documents as a list or as thumbnails.
- Creative Cloud Files: Displays the list of files stored in Creative Cloud.
- Mobile Creations (Illustrator): Displays the list of projects that you have created using Adobe Comp
- Lr Photos (Photoshop): Lets you work with your Lightroom photos in Photoshop.
Find Stock assets
You can search from millions of high-quality, royalty-free images, illustrations, and vector graphics in the Adobe Stock search bar located at the lower panel in the Work mode. For more information, see Using Adobe Stock.
The Learn mode of the Start workspace provides access to various resources available to you.
- Learn: Watch and learn about various features, workflows, and more.
- Libraries: Access libraries with free assets and sync them to your Creative Cloud Libraries.
- Mobile: Know more about various mobile applications and download them.
- What's New: Learn about the new features in the application.
Create or open a document in the Start workspace
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Hide the Start workspace
You can hide the Start workspace so that it does not appear when you launch the app.
- Open the application preferences. For example, do the following to open InDesign preferences:
- (Windows) Choose Edit > Preferences > General.
- (Mac OS) Choose InDesign > Preferences > General.
- Clear the Show "Start" Workspace When No Documents Are Open check box.


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Now, odours can be rated on scale of pleasantness!Published On: Mon, Oct 3rd, 2011 | Neurobiology | By BioNews
A new research has claimed that odours can be rated on a scale of pleasantness, which turns out to be an organizing principle for the way humans experience smell.
According to the research conducted at the Weizmenn Institute of Science, researchers could tell by measuring the nerve responses whether a subject found a smell pleasant or unpleasant.
In the experiment headed by Prof. Noam Sobel, the researchers inserted electrodes into the nasal passages of volunteers and measured the nerves' responses to different smells in various sites with each measurement capturing the response of thousands of smell receptors.
They found that the strength of the nerve signal varied from place to place on the membrane and it appeared that the receptors are not evenly distributed, but rather are grouped into distinct sites, each engaging most strongly with a particular type of scent.
Further investigation showed that the intensity of a reaction was linked to the odour's place on the pleasantness scale as the site where the nerves reacted strongly to a certain agreeable scent also showed strong reactions to other pleasing smells and vice versa.
"We uncovered a clear correlation between the pattern of nerve reaction to various smells and the pleasantness of those smells. As in sight and hearing, the receptors for our sense of smell are spatially organized in a way that reflects the nature of the sensory experience," Prof. Sobel said.
The implication of the study is that a pleasantness scale is, indeed, an organizing principle for our smell organ.
The study has been published in Nature Neuroscience.


text:
Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Failure Modes/Fatigue/Crack Initiation/The Wöhler Curve
The Wöhler curve, also referred to as the S-N curve, describes the function or. It is based on empirical results and often represents the median of the data scatter.
A significant interval of the curve can be approximated by the Basquin relation
Where is a constant specific to the test case.
The Basquin relation is often presented in the form
- is the so called detail category number.
Detail Category Number
The fatigue detail number defines the Basquin relation and specifies a Wöhler curve. The property is often denoted FAT, C, or in mathematical expressions:.
If there are more than one FAT tied to a geometry-type, they refer to different specifics such as weld quality, loading direction etc. Moreover, the FAT normally corresponds to a fatigue life of cycles.


Content Tagged With: "polycarbonate uv coating"
Polycarbonate Additives
Advanced Polymer Solutions has fine-tuned a unique process of chemical grafting which allows manufacturers to permanently add or improve the performance of polycarbonate while retaining its existing characteristics. This process involves substrate activation and the attachment and polymerization of monomers that contribute the desired properties onto the backbone of the substrate using safe, effective organic chemicals. […]
Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can chemical grafting impart desirable properties of an expensive plastic onto a less expensive plastic? A: Yes, the less expensive would then have the properties of a more expensive plastic resulting in tremendous cost savings. Q: Can chemical grafting work on any substrate? A: No, although we have a vast array […]


Small Business Owners Still Fumbling Online
According to research by SMB Digital Scape, the majority of small business owners are still fumbling when it comes to their online presence, and we're not just talking about maintaining social media accounts. Many small business websites are missing the basics. It seems that though many businesses have an online presence, they still aren't investing enough time, money, nor attention to optimizing it, and this is likely costing them a lot of business.
Here is a rundown of the most telling omissions:
 - 78% of small business websites do not provide an email address on their homepage. Even if the business technically has a contact email account, visitors to the site have to search to find it.
 - 90% do not provide either a map or directions on their homepage. Interested customers either have to search for the information elsewhere on the site, or they have to make the effort to access a third party service, such as Google Maps, where they can be exposed to local competing businesses.
 - 94.5% of websites provide no means of conducting a transaction online. There is no way to make and pay for an order. This can turn away people who would otherwise do business online.
 - 76% of websites do not have a privacy policy. Visitors to these sites have no way of knowing what data is being collected from them and how that data is being used.
 - 98% of small commercial websites have no spam protection. There are no captcha fields included in the site's web forms.
 - 92% of websites do not have a blog. This means there is very little new content being uploaded on to the site. This can affect how the site gets ranked in the search engines.
 - 98% of websites are not optimized for the mobile web. This fact alone can be cutting off many potential customers. According to a recent study by the Pew Research Center, 35% of American adults own a smartphone and 44% of them use their phones to serf the web.
 - 74% have no location in their meta-title. Putting location data into a website's meta-title improves website visibility among potential customers looking for locally based businesses.