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Thin stone veneer
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The first stone material used for construction was commonly thick slabs and blocks. A veneer was used to describe building stone and the term is traced to the 1890s. The first veneer stone was hand-cut and measures nearly four inches thick and could be used to construct tall buildings. Reliance Building in Chicago used stone veneer between two to four inches thick for the first two floors on the exterior portion. Thinner slabs were found in the early twentieth century for storefronts and building interiors. By the 1930s, stone veneer was being applied to large curtain walls and later became a popular technique for cladding entire building exteriors. The Rule-Page Building in Iowa and the Federal Reserve Bank in Michigan were some of the first buildings to use stone veneer to clad the entire building. Later, in the 1960s, the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., became one of the first buildings to receive thin stone veneer cladding. Marble veneer clads the entire building at roughly one inch of thickness. Because of advancements in knowledge about thin stone veneer, architectural preferences resulted in a dramatic increase in use.
 Manufacturing Process
Before the 1900s, building stones were retrieved from quarries and were hand-finished into thick slabs or blocks. After the 20th century began, machines were introduced that could use multibladed frame saws that could simultaneously cut the blocks into smaller slabs. Water wheels were used to cool the blades and take away the resultant abrasive sludge. Eventually, water pumps and machines were refined to regulate the quantity of abrasive used. In 1932, the National Building Granite Quarries Association described the gang saw process as being almost entirely by machine. It used three to seven reciprocating steel blades running parallel to one another in the frame and could cut down through the stone to make uniform pieces. Several finishes were available at this time including: rock faced, sandblasted, peen hammered, rubbed, honed, and polished. The honed finished could be achieved using a fine grained grinding wheel while a polished finish required a heavy felt-coated wheel and jeweler's rouge. Thin stone veneer was typically used for interiors, store fronts, and façades of buildings at the street level. Later, diamond-studded cables to slab blocks were introduced as well as a frame saw with metal abrasives, which could cut stone to 1/8 inch thick for composite panel use.
 Uses and Installation
Veneer panels were usually laid up on mortar beds and the joints were finished in the same style of traditional masonry construction with mortar. Interior panels were attached to backup material of brick or block using wire anchors that were set in holes drilled into the panels and discrete mortar spots. Lateral anchors for exterior panels were made of galvanized and asphalt-coated steel rods that were bent and set into holes. The rods went into the stone roughly ¾ of an inch for stone that were two inches thick and 1 ¼ for panels four inches thick. Plaster of pairs could be used to quickly set spacers behind the panels. It was typical to use four anchors per panel, two to each side (either left to right or top to bottom). The Cold Spring and North Star Granite Company was one of the first companies to market the 1 inch thick granite veneer (1940), followed by the Aberene Stone Company who could manufacture granite veneers at 7/8 inch. A shelf angle was strongly recommended between each sheet to help carry the weight of the panels. Filling the joints with mortar was still the ideal way to finish the wall. Lateral anchors for thin stone were typically brass or steel rods that were set into holes filled with cement mortar. If the stone was more than 2 inches thick, it would traditionally be accompanied by steel straps. During the 1940s, the use of straps became the more popular form of lateral support for thin stone veneer. In recladding, the anchor was twisted 90 degrees and mortared or plastered into a slot in the backup masonry. New construction usually required the straps being mechanically fastened into the back material because they could be bent out of the way during the setting of the veneer and then bent into a slot for easy installation. In the 1950s, stone was usually produced in four different thickness; 7/8, 1 ¼, 1 ½, and 2 inches, though 1 ½ was suggested for veneer. 7/8 was thought to be more expensive to produce. Industry standards states tolerances being plus or minus ¼ inch and spacing between the panels at ¼ inch. Expansion joints were recommended to be placed every 30 feet vertically or every second floor horizontally. Creating a cavity (roughly 1 inch behind panels) filled with mortar and coating the back of the panel with damp proofing was also suggested. The popularity of the curtain wall and the improved manufacturing efficiencies promoted the use of thin stone veneer in the 1950s. Elastomeric sealants soon took the place of mortar in the horizontal joints. Aluminum, plastic or lead shims were placed in horizontal joints to transfer panel weights. Soon, manufacturers began suggesting that more lateral anchors be used. Different lateral anchors types emerged, including stainless steel straps, brass dowel and wires, and disks. The split-tail anchor gave anchors the ability to address gravity and lateral supports. In the later 1950s, stone was being used in composite building panels. Precast concrete panels faced with a thin stone veneer became the most popular. Hairpin wire anchors or dower anchors were preset into the back of the stone panel before casting. The thin stone veneer component was then formed by placing the concrete against the backside of the stone panel with the panel set face down in a form. A bond breaker sheet between the concrete and stone was not incorporated before casting the concrete. The technique of separating materials was more commonly use in the 1960s. Thin stone veneer became more standardized in the 1960s.
Conservation of thin stone veneer if the cause of distress or deterioration is understood and the basic diagnostic and assessment techniques are well employed. Conservation techniques are wide ranging and thorough understanding of the techniques available will help in developing correct repair methods.
Connections and support are the most common causes of distress seen in stone cladding. The major types of distress observed with the typical anchoring systems include cracks around the anchors location, spalls at anchor locations, spalls at shelf angles supports, and cracks at panel corners. Rust staining is also common with these types of anchor systems. A variety of factors can cause these types of distress, including improperly designed anchors. Distress caused by improperly designed anchors can lead to cracking in adjacent stone of displacement of panels. Missing anchors can cause distress in the stone. Also, water penetration through the cladding can corrode the metal anchors and shims. Improper attachment of anchors, improper anchor positioning, and missing separators between concrete backup and panels are just a few other problems that can affect the structural integrity of the thin stone veneer structure. While most problems associated with stone veneer can be associated with improper installation, cyclical heating and cooling, water-penetration, freezing and thawing, and acid rain can also deteriorate building stone. Marble loses more strength than granite. The strength loss is related to the panel's thickness, the thinnest panel is expected to be the most affected by strength loss. Stone curtain walls rely on the strength of the stone panel material; if it is not strong enough, it may present with cracking or bowing between supports. Marbles are not volume stable as the experience permanent volume growth as a result of heating and cooling. The marbles strength is decreased and can lead to warping or bowing as the opposite side of the panel experiences differential thermal expansion. Visible characteristics of stones have been linked to strength loss. Bowing, warping, sugaring of the surface, and exfoliation are just some surface appearances that imply strength loss. Composition of the stone is not limited to different varieties. Stones can experience different compositions in a single piece. All stones have a natural bedding orientation and their strength and durability can be affected. Distress in stone cladding components can also be related to buildings and wall movements or differential movement not accommodated by the cladding design. If insufficiently sized joints are used to accommodate building movement, panels can come in contact with another during thermal expansion which can result in cracking or spalling near the edges and corners. Staining is not usually a structural issue and can be related to preferential weathering of the stone's mineral components, corrosion of ferrous components, or water runoff from surrounding minerals. Staining may also be caused by excessive water leakage through joints or cladding units and may indicate corrosion of embedded material. This can be a cause for concern because the structure may be suffering.
 Conservation Techniques
Reviewing original construction documents and design calculations will assists in understanding the overall construction. Removing portions of the veneer for inspection or laboratory testing may be the only way to fully understand the construction of the veneer. Less intrusive ways should be attempted first because they might eliminate need for invasive procedures. Tapping or sounding with a hammer, metal detection tools, or field microscope are some of the less evasive ways to investigate the structural integrity of thin stone veneers. Conservation of the material usually involves the documentation the number of specific condition related to the veneer's attachment to the building. It is important to determine if it is the anchors promoting distress, if there are enough anchors,


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loop: A trace-based emulator for Vehicular ad hoc networks
loop: A trace-based emulator for Vehicular ad hoc networks, Proc INSTICC 8th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications SIMULTECH 2018, Porto, Portugal, Vol., pp. -, July, 2018.
Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006854503910402
In this paper we present loop (loop over orderly phases), a trace-based emulator for Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). This is an alternative and novel method to evaluate improvements on VANET protocols, which relies and takes advantage of real data samples collected from an existing network. Those samples are vehicles' geographical locations and radio reception events, which represent mobility and communication patterns of the VANET. From those samples, loop creates a synthetic environment to simulate and evaluate communication protocols on the target VANET. loop also includes an interactive mode to manage the emulation process and a visualization mode that shows different time and geographical-dependent aspects. The development of loop was motivated by the need of an non-intrusive methodology to intensively analyse and deterministically compare the impact of several strategies for communication protocols and all their possible variations in a realistic scenario, both in terms of mobility and radio communication opportunities. Namely, we created loop to evaluate the impact of adding security features to the routing control plane of an VANET. Since the VANET includes hundreds of vehicles, the computational performance is critical to speed-up evaluations. With loop we were able to perform complex, multi-variable performance evaluations of 24 hour periods in durations ranging from 6 up to 30 minutes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Ad Hoc
Ad Hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally "for this".
Common examples are ad hoc committees, and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task. In other fields, the term could refer, for example, to a military unit created under special circumstances, a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol (e.g. Ad Hoc network), a temporary banding together of geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation.
Ad Hoc can also be an adjective describing the temporary, provisional, or improvised methods to deal with a particular problem, the tendency of which has given rise to the noun Adhocism.[1] It also could mean shifting contexts to create new meanings or inadequate planning.
More Information#
 - [#1] - Ad_hoc - based on information obtained 2018-09-13-


Take the 2-minute tour ×
For a given observer (lon, lat, time) on Earth and a given Galactic coordinate (GLON, GLAT), how can I compute the corresponding (alt, az) point in the sky with PyEphem?
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Given the way that PyEphem currently works, there are two steps to answering your question. First, you have to convert a pair of galactic coordinates into an equatorial RA/dec pair of coordinates instead.
import ephem
# Convert a Galactic coordinate to RA and dec
galactic_center = ephem.Galactic(0, 0)
eq = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center)
print 'RA:', eq.ra, 'dec:', eq.dec
→ RA: 17:45:37.20 dec: -28:56:10.2
Those coordinates are pretty close to the ones that the Wikipedia gives for the galactic center.
Now that we have a normal RA/dec coordinate, we just need to figure out where it is in the sky right now. Since PyEphem is built atop a library that knows only about celestial "bodies" like stars and planets, we simply need to create a fake "star" at that location and ask its azimuth and altitude.
# So where is that RA and dec above Boston?
# Pretend that a star or other fixed body is there.
body = ephem.FixedBody()
body._ra = eq.ra
body._dec = eq.dec
body._epoch = eq.epoch
obs = ephem.city('Boston')
obs.date = '2012/6/24 02:00' # 10pm EDT
print 'Az:', body.az, 'Alt:', body.alt
→ Az: 149:07:25.6 Alt: 11:48:43.0
And we can check that this answer is reasonable by looking at a sky chart for Boston late that evening: Sagittarius — the location of the Galactic Center — is just rising over the southeastern rim of the sky, which makes perfect sense of a southeast azimuth like 149°, and for an as-yet low altitude like 11°.
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The (RA,DEC) coordinate from PyEphem matches exactly the one I find with the HEASARC coordinate converter, maybe the Wikipedia/Galactic_Center position is for the black hole and not for (GLON,GLAT) = (0,0). – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:47
You could change eq = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center) to equatorial = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center), then the code will run directly when pasted in a python shell. – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:51
This solution is very nice and simply. The only weird thing is that you assign private attributes of body instead of setting the values in the constructor. – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:57
I saw here that it is possible to give coordinates "in the usual python way" to the constructor like this body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=123.123, dec=45.45), but for some reason neiter body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=eq.ra, dec=eq.dec) nor body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=eq.ra.real, dec=eq.dec.real) works for me, in both cases I get body._ra == 0. Why is that? – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 13:07
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Radon In Air
The CLS-100 is a 6 cm. high by 2.5 cm. diameter high-density polyethylene liquid scintillation vial, able to fit a standard LS rack. The 22-ml capacity vial is designed to hold a small canister near the opening above the scintillating fluid. The canister, made of high-density polyethylene, contains a patented pharmaceutical-grade charcoal-silica adsorption material.
This patented device configuration produces minimum attenuation of the scintillation signal. Perforated end caps allow air to circulate through the mixture and retain any charcoal dust. A polyethylene cap, capable of sealing tightly, prevents the loss of Radon gas from the vial.
For sample collection the CLS-100 liquid scintillation vial is exposed to an indoor atmosphere under controlled conditions for 46-96 hours. After exposure, the vial is returned to the laboratory for analysis. Scintillation cocktail is added and the Radon allowed an elution period of several hours. The vial is then placed in a shielded chamber for counting.
Alpha particles emitted by the breakdown products of Radon create scintillations, or flashes of light, in the cocktail. A photo-multiplier tube detects these scintillation's, the signal is electronically enhanced and the effect of the alpha particles are counted. Background counts are subtracted and the net counts are entered into a formula with other relevant data yielding quantitative results stated in picoCuries per Liter (pCi/L).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
If you have changed your Google account password, your Google apps like Gmail and Calendar will no longer be able to sync with your account. Follow these steps to change the Google password on your Android device.
- Open "Settings".
- Select "Accounts".
- Select "Google".
- Tap the "Menu" icon located at the upper-right corner of the screen.
- Choose "Sync now".
- You should receive a notification that says "Account Action Required". Swipe down the notification bar, then select that notification.
You will now be walked through entering your new password.
This tutorial applies to Android OS Lollipop.


ahandrewh teaches IAT-334interface design
Reading reflection #5 (due June 22)
Remember you only need to complete five reflections over the term. There are ten available.
The "Who Are the Users? (Chapter 2)" (Sharon, 2016) reading is very long: It is approximately 9400 words, or about 47 minutes of reading. In the table of contents please highlight the headings for the sections you think are most important for you to read. Select at least three sections and read those sections.
Once done highlighting, please:
 1. Explain why you selected the highlighted sections for reading.
 2. Explain what you took away from the sections you read.
Your responses can be submitted anytime before the lecture on June 22 to the reading reflection on Canvas.
This reading reflection is worth 4% (4 points) of your final grade.


D. Yergin 1991 Free Press New York
The Prize, winner of the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction, is a comprehensive history of one of the commodities that powers the world--oil. Founded in the 19th century, the oil industry began producing kerosene for lamps and progressed to gasoline. Huge personal fortunes arose from it, and whole nations sprung out of the power politics of the oil wells. Yergin's fascinating account sweeps from early robber barons like John D. Rockefeller, to the oil crisis of the 1970s, through to the Gulf War.
This resource is referenced here:


Exhibition - Wearing What Cannot Be Spoken
Sunday, Jun 7, 2020
This online exhibition features the research of Rose Ong'oa (pictured below), an Arkansas State University Heritage Studies PhD student. It was originally mounted at Arkansas State University Museum in honor of Black History Month (February 2008).
This exhibition highlights the struggle of Swahili women, of slave descent, to cope with the challenges that have faced them since the abolition of slavery in East Africa in the late 19th century to the present. The lifestyle of the Swahili set them apart as a distinct African ethnic group as early as the 12th century; they lived in stone houses as opposed to the mud houses of other African peoples, they professed Islam, and owned slaves.
Due to Swahili's long-standing social and political position, the British colonial government, in post abolition East Africa, favored members of the Swahili society, reserving certain types of rights only to members of this society. To access such rights, ex-slave women claimed Swahili identity, which entailed the command of Kiswahili language, and adherence to Islamic tenets. They created physical manifestations of their Swahili identity in their kanga clothing and managed to assert the legitimacy of the identity. In contemporary Swahili society, women continue to use kanga to challenge social, religious, and political ideals within their society.
This exhibition presents kanga--a type of cloth worn by women of Zanzibar in East Africa to assert their claim to Swahili identity and express socially taboo opinions in an acceptable manner.
Kanga was originally a plain white cloth imported from the United States in the 19th century. Worn by slaves in the US, it initially served the same purpose on the East African coast.
After the abolition of East African slavery in 1897, women sought to distance themselves from their slave past and align themselves with the freeborn Swahili. Boldly asserting a right to participate in Swahili society, they adopted the Moslem faith, learned Kiswahili (the language of the Swahili people), and began hand-painting their clothing with designs and proverbs long favored by free Swahili women.


text:
Definition: Ray or bundle of rays or point which lie or lies close to the optical axis. * How near may be determined by how accurately Gaussian optics describe the rays' behaviour: if they do, the rays are paraxial, within the permitted errors. * It may also be taken that the aperture is extremely small. * Also called first-order optics or Gaussian optics.
Previous Term: parallel scanning Next Term: parfocal


How to Write an Anniversary Announcement?
To write an anniversary announcement, be sure to include the couple's names. Also state the date of their marriage and how many years they have been married. Include the details of any celebration that is occurring.
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1 Write a list of wedding announcement recipients. Recipients should not have been invited to the wedding. Many couples send announcements to professional colleagues, especially when
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There are many sample anniversary announcements that one can see over the internet. Some examples would include having a simple poem or several lines mentioning...
1. Grab a pencil and pad to write down a rough draft of the announcement. Write the name of the husband and wife that plan to have the anniversary celebration....


Home » 7th Season: 2019-2020 » 2019-2020 v.10 » Growing Pains: Coming of Age in The Catcher in the Rye
Growing Pains: Coming of Age in The Catcher in the Rye
By Amanda Wang, IV Form
Growing Pains: Coming of Age in The Catcher in the Rye
Growth is a beautiful pain. In American classic, The Catcher in the Rye, J. D. Salinger vividly depicts a teenage protagonist who is overwhelmed by the rapid changes around him and his impending adulthood. Holden lives in a metropolis but does not belong to it. All he wants is to "catch [children] if they start to go over the cliff [of sophistication]" (Salinger 191). But in reality, he is the child who runs astray. When he is on the verge of falling, Mr. Antolini lends him a helping hand and provides him a satisfactory answer to his dilemma. At last, Holden accepts his philosophy and procures a new understanding of his situation, surroundings, and society.
Mr. Antolini wakes Holden up from his dream of escaping the city. Mr. Antolini speaks bluntly that Holden is "riding for some kind of a terrible, terrible fall" (Salinger 206). Since Holden wastes all his time deceiving others and himself and trying to delay his inevitable adulthood, Mr. Antolini has to ruthlessly tear off his mask and force him to face reality. Yet he takes an atypical approach to help Holden. While old Spencer reinforces that "life is a game that one plays according to its rules" (Salinger 11), Mr. Antolini advises Holden to know his "true measurement and dress [his] mind accordingly" (Salinger 210). Contrary to other adults in the book, Mr. Antolini sees hope in Holden. His firm belief inspires Holden to become the captain of his life instead of drifting along the mainstream or dropping anchor in place. Holden's struggles now motivate him to continue his ordinary life instead of alienating him from it. Then Mr. Antolini asks Holden to think twice about attending school, describing education as history and poetry. Holden takes his proposal into consideration because he feels cared for and understood by him. Moreover, Mr. Antolini consoles Holden by stating that he is "not the first person who [is] ever confused and frightened and even sickened by human behavior" (Salinger 208). His words narrow the feeling of disparity between the depressed and lonesome Holden and other youths. Mr. Antolini gives Holden a carrot after the stick, bringing him back to the real world and arousing his passion for life.
Following that exchange, Holden acknowledges his false assumptions about others and moves forward in his life's journey. After Holden spends a night at the rail terminal, he reflects on his actions. He wonders if maybe he is "wrong about thinking [Mr. Antolini] is making a flitty pass on" him (Salinger 214). This is a qualitative leap for Holden because he used to comment on everything. For the first time, he evaluates himself and questions his judgmental mode of life. He even starts "wondering maybe he should [get his] bags and [go] back to [Mr. Antolini's] house, the way he [says] he would" (Salinger 214). This forms a stark contrast to his reaction to old Spencer. Holden feels sorry for leaving him but quickly shifts his attention to something else. This time, he chooses to confront the case instead of fleeing from it. He considers taking responsibilities and actions to remedy his mistakes, which marks his march to maturity. Before, Holden is not only hesitant but horrible at expressing himself and interacting with other people. He never amasses enough courage to call up his childhood friend, and he "sort of gives [his sister] a kiss" (Salinger 179). Holden thinks isolating himself can prevent changes, but it only causes more misconceptions and anxiety. After his incident with Mr. Antolini, Holden lets down his guard and starts to grasp different kinds of love. He brings his true self to light and learns how to love and to be loved. In this way, he receives more goodwill from others.
Holden's conversation with Mr. Antolini changes his perspective on the adult world. Previously, Holden denies all good sides of adulthood. He perceives adults "never notice anything" (Salinger 12) and "never believe [him]" (Salinger 42). Above all, he thinks the world is full of phonies. While Holden detests his surroundings, Mr. Antolini encourages him to embrace it and explore it more, to not "give it up before [he starts looking for what his own environment could supply him with]" (Salinger 207). He attempts to dispel Holden's prejudice against the world. Subsequently, Holden begins to recognize his superficial and limited view. He learns more about the intriguing, empathetic, and infinitely possible side of the world. From Mr. Antolini, he discovers a reason worth living for. From himself, Holden also learns the importance of compromises. He keeps the paper Mr. Antolini gives him, which reads: "The mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one" (Salinger 207-208). Holden accepts the recommendation because it reminds him of James Castle, who sacrifices his life for his stubbornness and an unworthy cause. James Castle resembles Holden to a subtle but substantial extent, and Mr. Antolini is "the only guy that [even goes] near" James Castle when he is dead (Salinger 215). This leads Holden to respect, admire, and trust Mr. Antolini fully.
Holden's illusion of running away reveals his intense nostalgia for childhood and deep attachment to simple and easily attainable happiness. As Holden wrestles with his impossible desire of becoming a catcher in the rye to preserve his past and reject his future, Mr. Antolini teaches him how to apply dreams to reality. He guides Holden to concede some parts of his longing to avoid repeating the same tragedy as James Castle. Mr. Antolini's instructions make Holden more fitted for social expectations but help him to retain his wish to protect the true, the good, and the beautiful. After all, Holden realizes that growing up is not a complete disaster. The Catcher in the Rye is a true portrayal of adolescence and an introspection on life attitude. As Nietzsche says, "he who has a why to live can bear almost any how," but at the same time, he says, "we should consider every day lost on which we have not danced at least once" (Nietzsche) Salinger suggests the readers celebrate and fulfill their lives with meanings. Holden possesses the soberest understanding of hypocrisy and the deepest obsession with innocence. His three days in the city are the curtain call of his childhood. In this book, Holden grows and learns how to get along with society, but the reality is not always so optimistic. Over the past decade, the youth suicide rate has increased by 56% (Abbott). Similar to Holden, these teenagers pretend to be okay when the flourishing world frustrates them. Present-day adults not only frequently fail to understand them, but also blame and label them as "troublesome millennials," which results in their deserted spiritual world. Through Mr. Antolini, Salinger implies both the possibility and necessity of building a tender relationship with a trustful adult. This person directs the new generation to the right path. Nonetheless, social adaptation means neither growth nor surrender, but camouflage in the crowd. These teenagers eventually have to choose for themselves between a catcher in the rye or an elite in the suit.
Amanda Wang is a IV form boarding student from Needham, Massachusetts. Her favorite subjects are science and history. She enjoys hanging out with her friends, traveling, and coxing as a member of the crew team.
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Acta Biotechnol. volume 19, issue 2, P147-_PHONE_ DOI: 10.1002/abio.370190207 View full text
K. Czaczyk, A. Olejnik, K. Trojanowska
Abstract: In the first part of the experiments, the mechanical properties of 1%, 2% and 3% carrageenan and 1%. 2% and 3% carrageenadlocust bean gum (LBG) gels stored in various concentrations of propionic and acetic acids and their mixtures were examined:The stability of these materials was measured by uniaxial compression between two parallel plates using the Instron Universal Testing Machine. A mathematical model explaining the dependence of the destroying force on the storage time was chosen for data analysis. Using…
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text: Emerging Industrial Internet of Things applications, such as smart factories, require reliable communication and robustness against interference from colocated wireless systems. To address these challenges, frequency-hopping spread spectrum has been used by different protocols, including IEEE802.15.4-2015 TSCH. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum can be improved with the aid of blacklists to avoid bad frequencies. The quality of channels in most environments shows significant spatial-temporal variation, which limits the effectiveness of simple blacklisting schemes. In this article, we propose an enhanced blacklisting solution to improve the TSCH protocol. The proposed algorithms work in a distributed fashion, where each pair of receiver/transmitter nodes negotiates a local blacklist, based on the estimation of packet delivery ratio. We model the channel quality estimation as a multiarmed bandit problem and show that it is possible to create blacklists that provide results close to optimal without any separate learning phase. The proposed algorithms are implemented in OpenWSN and evaluated through simulations in 2 different scenarios with about 40 motes and experiments using an indoor testbed with 40 TelosB motes.


Home / Media Centre / News / 2019 / 360 Degrees of NATO Maritime Activities
360 Degrees of NATO Maritime Activities
NORTHWOOD, United Kingdom - NATO Maritime Command Headquarters and all of the Standing Naval Forces are participating in various exercises, operations and activities across Europe this week, demonstrating NATO's defence in 360 degrees. The story below outlines some of the ways in which NATO is providing 360 degree security on the maritime frontier.
Starting in the United Kingdom, NATO Maritime Command Headquarters is conducting exercise Dynamic Bonus, an internal exercise designed to test the Headquarter's evolving battle rhythm. Moving of the coast of Scotland in the North Atlantic, Standing NATO Maritime Group One (SNMG1) ship ESPS Almirante Juan de Borbón is participating in US-led ballistic missile defence exercise Formidable Shield. The exercise includes ships from the Netherlands, Denmark, United States, Canada, France, Spain, Italy, Norway and United Kingdom. Moving north and inland, the remainder of the group, with ships from the United States, Germany, Poland, Turkey and the United Kingdom, is patrolling the Baltic Sea and working with NATO Baltic Air Policing units during the week.
Continuing in the Baltic Sea, Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group One (SNMCMG1) with ships from Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Norway and the United Kingdom is participating in Lithuanian-led operation Open Spirit. Open Spirit is a historical ordnance disposal operation that clears mines from the Baltic Sea Floor and also serves to train mine hunting ships on live ordnance. In addition to SNMCMG1, the operation also includes ships from France, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal. The international operation is aimed at clearing the Baltic seafloor of naval mines remaining from World War I and World War II in order to minimise the threat to maritime navigation, fishery, and other economic activities in the Baltic Sea.
Heading south to the western Mediterranean Sea, Spain is hosting Spanish Mine Exercise (MINEX) off the coast of Mallorca. Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group Two (SNMCMG2) is participating with ships from Germany, Spain and Turkey, joining ships from Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Portugal, United States, Belgium and Germany to practice mine hunting and neutralization in the Mediterranean.
Further east in the central Mediterranean, Standing NATO Maritime Group Two (SNMG2), with ships from the Netherlands, Canada and the United Kingdom is participating in Italian exercise Mare Aperto off the coast of Italy, honing maritime warfare skills from anti-submarine warfare to air defence. Beyond SNMG2, ships from France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the United States are participating. Finally, a portion of SNMG2 is operating a bit further east in the Aegean Sea with ships from Germany, Albania, Greece and Turkey supporting Greek and Turkish border authorities as well as the European Union's border force Frontex to cut the lines of human trafficking and smuggling.
NATO Maritime is active across the maritime frontiers of the European Theatre and is focused on delivering 360 degrees of maritime focused awareness and connectivity.
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Semicircular potential well
Semicircular potential well
In quantum mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The particle follows the path of a semicircle from 0 to pi where it cannot escape, because the potential from pi to 2 pi is infinite. Instead there is total reflection, meaning the particle bounces back and forth between 0 to pi. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted to a semicircle (technically, whose configuration space is the circle S^1) is
-frac{hbar^2}{2m}nabla^2 psi = Epsi quad (1)
Wave function
Using cylindrical coordinates on the 1 dimensional semicircle, the wave function depends only on the angular coordinate, and so
nabla^2 = frac{1}{s^2} frac{partial^2}{partial phi^2} quad (2)
Substituting the Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates, the wave function is therefore expressed as
-frac{hbar^2}{2m s^2} frac{d^2psi}{dphi^2} = Epsi quad (3)
The moment of inertia for a semicircle, best expressed in cylindrical coordinates, is I stackrel{mathrm{def}}{=} iiint_V r^2,rho(r,phi,z),r dr,dphi,dz!. Solving the integral, one finds that the moment of inertia of a semicircle is I=m s^2, exactly the same for a hoop of the same radius. The wave function can now be expressed as -frac{hbar^2}{2I} psi = Epsi, which is easily solvable.
Since the particle cannot escape the region from 0 to pi, the general solution to this differential equation is
psi (phi) = A cos(m phi) + B sin (m phi) quad (4)
Defining m=sqrt {frac{2 I E}{hbar^2}}, we can calculate the energy as E= frac{m^2 hbar ^2}{2I}. We then apply the boundary conditions, where psi and frac{dpsi}{dphi} are continuous and the wave function is normalizable:
int_{0}^{pi} left| psi (phi ) right|^2, dphi = 1 quad (5).
Like the infinite square well, the first boundary condition demands that the wave function equals 0 at both phi = 0 and phi = pi. Basically
psi (0) = psi (pi) = 0 quad (6).
Since the wave function psi(0) = 0, the coefficient A must equal 0 because cos (0) = 1. The wave function also equals 0 at phi= pi so we must apply this boundary condition. Discarding the trivial solution where B=0, the wave function psi (pi) = 0 = B sin (m pi) only when m is an integer since sin (n pi) = 0. This boundary condition quantizes the energy where the energy equals E= frac{m^2 hbar ^2}{2I} where m is any integer. The condition m=0 is ruled out because psi = 0 everywhere, meaning that the particle is not in the potential at all. Negative integers are also ruled out.
We then normalize the wave function, yielding a result where B= sqrt{frac{2}{pi}}. The normalized wave function is
psi (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} sin (m phi) quad (7).
The ground state energy of the system is E= frac{hbar ^2}{2I}. Like the particle in a box, there exists nodes in the excited states of the system where both psi (phi) and psi (phi) ^2 are both 0, which means that the probability of finding the particle at these nodes are 0.
Since the wave function is only dependent on the azimuthal angle phi, the measurable quantities of the system are the angular position and angular momentum, expressed with the operators phi and L_z respectively.
Using cylindrical coordinates, the operators phi and L_z are expressed as phi and -i hbar frac{d}{dphi} respectively, where these observables play a role similar to position and momentum for the particle in a box. The commutation and uncertainty relations for angular position and angular momentum are given as follows:
[phi, L_z] = i hbar psi(phi) quad (8)
(Delta phi) (Delta L_z) geq frac{hbar}{2} where Delta_{psi} phi = sqrt{langle {phi}^2rangle_psi - langle {phi}rangle_psi ^2} and Delta_{psi} L_z = sqrt{langle {L_z}^2rangle_psi - langle {L_z}rangle_psi ^2} quad (9)
Boundary conditions
As with all quantum mechanics problems, if the boundary conditions are changed so does the wave function. If a particle is confined to the motion of an entire ring ranging from 0 to 2 pi, the particle is subject only to a periodic boundary condition (see particle in a ring). If a particle is confined to the motion of frac{- pi}{2} to frac{pi}{2}, the issue of even and odd parity becomes important.
The wave equation for such a potential is given as:
psi_o (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} cos (m phi) quad (10)
psi_e (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} sin (m phi) quad (11)
where psi_o (phi) and psi_e (phi) are for odd and even m respectively.
Similarly, if the semicircular potential well is a finite well, the solution will resemble that of the finite potential well where the angular operators phi and L_z replace the linear operators x and p.
See also
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Turn screen updating on or off.
 Application.Echo(EchoOn, StatusBarText)
 EchoOn Use True (default) to repaint the screen and False to turn it off.
 Text to display in the status bar when repainting is turned on or off.
Complex Visual Basic code will run faster if you turn off screen repainting until the procedure has finished running. Echo Off can also be used to hide changes that the user should not see.
The Echo method does not suppress the display of modal dialog boxes, such as error messages, or pop-up forms, such as property sheets.
When screen repainting is off, the screen won't show any changes, even if the user presses CTRL+BREAK or Visual Basic encounters a breakpoint. If you try to step through the code, you won't be able to see progress through the code or any other visual cues, however, the code will continue to execute.
For debugging purposes, you can create a macro that turns repainting on and then assign the macro to a key combination.
' Open the Patients form minimized.
Application.Echo False
DoCmd.Hourglass True
DoCmd.OpenForm "frmPatients", acNormal
Application.Echo True
DoCmd.Hourglass False
Hourglass - Display the hourglass icon
SetWarnings - Turn system messages on or off.
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text:
Map of flight path and driving directions from Asheville to Greenville.
Shortest flight path between Asheville Regional Airport (AVL) and Mid Delta Regional Airport (GLH).
How far is Greenville from Asheville?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Asheville and Greenville. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 500.352 miles
- 805.238 kilometers
- 434.794 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 499.423 miles
- 803.743 kilometers
- 433.986 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Asheville and Greenville is 1 hour. Greenville is 1 hour behind Asheville.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 99 kg (218 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Asheville (AVL) → Greenville (GLH).


Nokia Drive 3.1 - Where does My Commute in Nokia Drive retrieve the traffic info from?
The traffic info for My Commute is collected from various sources:
 - Incident reports: Incidents range from jams on highways to planned construction works. These reports come often from local authorities such as the police or a local traffic management central. In many areas we have partnerships with the local authorities who will send the information to us.
 - Highway sensors: Many metropolitan areas have statically installed traffic flow sensors that measure the current average speeds on highways and major roads.
 - Crowd-sourcing: While the incident reports are very punctual and the installed sensors usually focused on major highways, we are also using the wisdom of the crowd to understand the traffic situation over the whole city. These are for example Nokia smartphones running Nokia Drive. People who are consuming traffic information can also improve the service by providing anonymous information about their current travel speed.
 - Historic information: The above information is archived and assumptions are made about the current speed on a street based on the historic information if there's not enough information from sensors or probes. Many streets in a city have a very regular pattern, e.g. the same traffic jam every morning but fast during night times.
 - Modelling: In many cases the traffic situation on the whole street network can be deducted from partial information. E.g. from a heavy jam on a highway one can often deduct the situation on the slip road entering the highway as well as the streets just before that.


Daily Lessons for Teaching The Kalahari Typing School for Men
Alexander McCall Smith
Buy The Kalahari Typing School for Men Lesson Plans
Daily Lessons
Objective: Chapter 1, How to Find a Man, and Chapter 2, Learn to Drive with Jesus The setting of the story is the city of Port Gaborone in Botswana. The objective of this lesson is to explore the local color of Botswana and its impact on the story.
1) Class Discussion: Lead the class in a discussion about local color. Begin with a definition and ask the class to validate their understanding by offering examples from the novel. How is regionalism exhibited in language? Interpersonal dynamics? Clothing? What other elements can the students define that make this story one from Botswana during this particular time period?
2) Group Discussion: Divide the class into small groups and have them discuss the author's authenticity with the novel. Could this story take place anywhere else but Gaborone in the early 21st century? Why or why not? What is it about the elements of this...
(read more Daily Lessons)
This section contains 8,298 words
(approx. 28 pages at 300 words per page)
Buy The Kalahari Typing School for Men Lesson Plans


Crystal Gustafson
Crystal Gustafson
April 29, 2019 - 3 min read
7 Ways to Provide Excellent Patient Care to an Anxious Patient
The one thing that most people can agree on about a hospital is that virtually nobody really wants to be there; patients would rather be at home and healthy.
This leads to stress, anxiety, pain, and fear in the hospital setting and unfortunately are all common emotions experienced not only by patients and families, but healthcare workers as well.
Below are seven tips that I've found work well with dealing with particularly anxious patients and family members both as a travel nurse and a charge nurse.
1. Let your patient be heard
When dealing with anxious patients, the most important skill to learn is to listen. Most patients just want to know that you are listening to their concerns. People come into their room all day long talking at them and rarely ask them how they're feeling. Take two minutes, preferably at the beginning of your shift, to sit down and talk with your patient. Ask open-ended questions like "how are you feeling?" or "is there anything that I can do to make you feel more comfortable?"
2. Explain the what and the why
The majority of patients with anxiety are not frequent fliers — they don't know the hospital routine like some of your other patients. Most people's fear of the hospital comes from being in an unfamiliar environment and not knowing what to expect. To help minimize anxiety, let your patient know everything that you are doing and why you are doing it.
Also, before you enter the patient's room, make sure you're prepared. Bring with you any new medication hand-outs and be able to explain the rationale behind administering all of them. Prepare your patients on what to expect with any procedures that will occur that day or the next. If you can't answer all of their questions, then find someone for them who can.
3. Don't tell your patient to relax — show them how
Do not tell someone who is anxious to relax. IT DOESN'T WORK. Instead, ask them what you can do to help them relax.
Some patients will be able to tell you what they need. If they cannot tell you, then help them with some relaxation techniques. Give specific directions like "breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth." Take some vital signs to make sure the patient isn't anxious for a medical reason. Dim the lights. Ask family members to step out for a moment to let the patient rest. Also, consider offering the services of the chaplain, a cup of tea, or a warm blanket.
4. Do hourly rounding
Let the patient and/or family members know that you will be checking in with them or "rounding" on them every hour to make sure everything is okay. Explain the plan of care including medication schedule, repositioning, or procedural preparations for the day/night. Introduce the on-coming nurse during report and reassure the patient that they'll be in good hands.
5. Use humor
Make efforts to lighten the mood and be personable. Ask patients about their lives — how many kids/grandkids do they have, where are they from, how they met their spouse, etc. This helps do two things: one, it gives patients something to focus on besides their current situation and anxiety, and two, it'll make them more comfortable with you, which also lessens stress.
6. Prepare yourself for stressful situations
If in report you get a particularly anxious patient or family member, then prepare yourself to "practice your patience." Use this as an opportunity to train yourself to remain calm in stressful situations.
Also, know how negative emotional responses like anxiety or fear are activated in your body. Maybe it's a knot in your stomach, a fast heart rate, or tense muscles. Recognize these feelings and take a few deep breaths before heading into your next task.
7. Be empathetic
Be aware of your own biases or assumptions. We all have conscious and unconscious beliefs about how people should or should not behave in certain situations. But, the truth is that unless you've actually been in that situation yourself, you shouldn't judge how someone else should feel or act. Do your best to put yourself in their shoes.
Patients have every right to be anxious — being in the hospital is scary. But, learning how to manage stress in yourself and others is a unique skill that you'll carry with you throughout your life, not just on shift.
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High Paying Positions Still Available.
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text:
Working paper 108
Two parallel tracks of research on economic transformation in developing countries have operated at a distance from each other over the last two decades. A global track – global value chains/global production networks (GVC/GPNs) – has focused on the increasing interconnectedness of global trading networks and has overlooked the role of the state and the explanatory power of domestic political economy. Meanwhile, a domestic track – including literature on developmental states, industrial policy and political settlements – has tended to take a methodologically nationalist perspective to examine economic transformation in developing countries, with limited reflections on external economic and political pressures. This paper contributes to an emerging stream of literature that examines how the domestic and global scales influence how developing country governments and firms tackle the challenge of economic upgrading. By combining insights from the political settlements and GVC/GPNs literature, this paper examines the Rwandan government's attempt at upgrading its coffee production to enter specialty coffee markets. It shows how the existing GVC/GPNs literature makes an important contribution to describing how multipolar governance influences the pathways for economic upgrading in Rwanda's coffee sector, but that even where access is granted, benefits are captive to the demands of international buyers, and gains for some have not translated across the sector. Insights from the political settlements literature showcase how domestic politics influences who benefits from insertion to GVC/GPNs and how the unequal provision of opportunities affects political stability.


As rail operators, we receive daily inquiries about diverse aspects of shipping cargo via rail. While we have answered all the questions we get from existing and potential clients directly, we've noticed a pattern of reoccurring questions that keep popping up. To clear the air about some of the most popular queries when it comes to rail transport, we've compiled a list with the 5 most frequently asked questions regarding rail freight, in an effort to offer comprehensive answers. Check them out in the article below:
1. What is the maximum amount than can be transported via rail freight forwarding?
One of the greatest assets of rail transport is the capacity to being able to transport huge quantities of cargo simultaneously. With a single wagon one can transport up to 20-22 tons worth of bulk merchandise. A single load can weight up to 1600 net tons, which means that one locomotive can be connected to around 40-42 wagons. Rail freight is an excellent transportation option for anyone looking to transport bulk cargo on land, especially on long distances.
2. What types of goods can be transported via rail?
When it comes to the type of goods that can be transported, rail is quite a versatile option, as it enables you to ship a wide range of products. You can virtually ship anything with the help of trains, from finished vehicles and textile products to steel pallets, mining minerals and grains. Heavy, odd-sized products, oversized cargo and products for which certain temperatures need to be maintained can also be transported through rail. Shipping hazardous goods is also a possibility with the help of rail, which offers the possibility of using specialized containers and wagons to transport materials such as explosives, non-flammable gas, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, poison, corrosive and radioactive materials.
3. How long does it take to solve disruptions?
As soon as there's a slight possibility of a disruption happening, the clock starts ticking. It is of paramount importance to us as rail operators to resolve any issues encountered as soon as humanly possible. Our client's satisfaction and their trust in us hangs in the balance, so our priority is to make the problems go away with lightning speed. We have a set of protocols in place which help us deal with disruptions in an efficient and timely manner, minimizing the effect of the disturbances encountered during the journey.
4. Why is there no set timetable for rail freight shipping?
The rail freight network operates 24/7 and features varying timetables, which depend on many factors. These factors may include weather conditions, client requirements, port operations, rail operators and other aspects. The most important thing when it comes to rail freight forwarding is not the set timetable, but the estimated and promised time of arrival, which is crucial to both rail operators and customers. Thus, timetables are secondary, are not regular, can very greatly and because of this, freight timetables are not made public.
5. How can I resolve door-to-door shipping?
This is one of the most frequent questions we receive, as many don't necessarily perceive how it is possible to ship bulk commodities to the destination warehouse. The answer lies in intermodal rail transport, a combination of road and rail shipping, which can help ensure door-to-door shipping. Our partner network enables us to make arrangements and to supply long-distance shipping via rail, which is then complimented by transporting the cargo from the station to the warehouse via trucks.
Do you still have questions? At MMV Rail Romania we are eager to set the record straight on any and all confusions you might have regarding rail freight forwarding. Send us a detailed list of your specific requirements and one of our team members will get back to you shortly with a personalized quote and answers tailored to your exact query.


Polymorphic Associations Library
This module (isis-module-poly) provides a set of helpers to support the definition of polymorphic associations; that is: relationships from one persistent entity to another by means of a (Java) interface.
Note that an library has has been superceded by a design pattern that does not require any supporting classes. Rather than emit events on the event bus, the design pattern suggests defining an SPI interface to be implemented.
Modules that use the SPI pattern (as opposed to this module) include Alias subdomain and Classification subdomain.
Persistable polymorphic associations are important because they allow decoupling between classes using the dependency inversion principle; module dependencies can therefore by kept acyclic. This is key to long-term maintainability of the codebase (avoiding the big ball of mud anti-pattern).
While JDO/DataNucleus has several built-in strategies to support polymorphic associations, none allow both a persisted reference to be arbitrarily extensible as well as supporting foreign keys (for RDBMS-enforced referential integrity). The purpose of this module is therefore to provide helper classes that use a different approach, namely the "table of two halves" pattern.
Table of Two Halves Pattern
The "table of two halves" pattern models the relationship tuple itself as a class hierarchy. The supertype table holds a generic polymorphic reference to the target object (leveraging Apache Isis' Bookmark Service) while the subtype table holds a foreign key is held within the subtype.
It is quite possible to implement the "table of two halves" pattern without using the helpers provided by this module; indeed arguably there's more value in the demo application that accompanies this module (discussed below) than in the helpers themselves. Still, the helpers do provide useful structure to help implement the pattern.
Demo Application
This module has a comprehensive demo fixtures that demonstrates four different polymorphic associations:
 - 1-to-1 and n-to-1: a CommunicationChannel may be owned by a CommunicationChannelOwner.
 - 1-to-n: a Case may contain multiple 'CaseContent's
 - 1-to-1: a Case may have a primary CaseContent.
The CommunicationChannel and Case are regular entities, while CommunicationChannelOwner and CaseContent are (Java) interfaces.
The demo app also has two entities, FixedAsset and Party, that both implement each of these interfaces. Each FixedAsset may "own" a single CommunicationChannel, while a Party may "own" multiple CommunicationChannel's. Meanwhile both 'FixedAsset and Party can be added as the "contents" of multiple 'Case's, and either can be used as a 'Case's "primary content".
Communication Channel
The following UML diagram shows the "logical" polymorphic association between CommunicationChannel and its owning CommunicationChannelOwner:
comm channel uml
This is realized using the following entities:
comm channel link uml
Here the CommunicationChannelOwnerLink is a persistent entity that has subtypes for each of the implementations of the CommunicationChannelOwner interface, namely CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty. This inheritance hierarchy can be persisted using any of the [standard strategies](_URL_ supported by JDO/DataNucleus.
In the demo application the NEW_TABLE strategy is used, giving rise to these tables:
comm channel rdbms
Case Contents
The following UML diagram shows the (two) "logical" polymorphic assocations between Case and its 'CaseContent's:
case content uml
Note how Case actually has two polymorphic associations: a 1:n to its "contents", and a 1:1 to its "primary content".
This is realized using the following entities:
case content link uml
Here the CaseContentLink is a persistent entity that (as for communication channels) has subtypes for each of the implementations of the CaseContent interface. But because Case actually has two associations to CaseContent, there is also a further CasePrimaryContentLink persistent entity, again with subtypes.
In the demo application the NEW_TABLE strategy is used for both, giving rise to these tables for the "case content" association:
case content contents rdbms
and also to these for the "primary content" association:
case content primary rdbms
The module's functionality can be explored by running the quickstart with example usage using the org.incode.domainapp.example.app.modules.ExampleDomLibPolyAppManifest.
The home page when the app is run shows 3 parties, 3 fixed assets which between them have 9 communication channels. There are also 3 cases and the parties and fixed assets are variously contained within:
020 dashboard
If we navigate to the Party entity, we can see that it shows a collection of 'CommunicationChannel's that the party owns, and also a collection of the 'Case's within which the party is contained:
030 party
The FixedAsset entity is similar in that it also has a collection of Case's. However, in our demo app we have a business rule that the fixed asset can own only a single 'CommunicationChannel.
040 fixed asset
On the Party entity we can add (and remove) 'CommunicationChannel's:
050 party add comm channel
In this demo app, because communication channels are not shared by entities, this will actually create and persist the corresponding CommunicationChannel.
We can also add (or remove) from 'Case's:
060 party add to case
Here the rule is slightly different: the Case already exists and so the party is merely associated with an existing case.
From the Case entity's perspective, we can see its contents and also its primary content:
070 case
As might be expected, we have an action to set (or clear) the primary content:
080 case set primary contents
The key design idea is to leverage Isis' event bus service to determine which concrete subtype should be created and persisted to hold the association.
 - when the association needs to be created, an event is posted to the event bus
 - the subscriber updates the event with the details of the subtype to be persisted
 - if no subscriber updates the event, then the association cannot be created and an exception is thrown.
The helper classes provided by this module factor out some of the boilerplate relating to this design, however there is (necessarily) quite a lot of domain-specific code. What's important is understanding the design and how to replicate it.
The recipe for the pattern is:
Table 1. Recipe
# Step Example
Create an interface for the target of the association
 - CommunicationChannelOwner
 - CaseContent
Create a persistent entity corresponding to the association
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLink
 for the CommunicationChannel/"owner" association
 - CaseContentLink
 for Case/"contents" association
 - CasePrimaryContentLink
 for Case/"primary content" association
Create an "instantiate event". We suggest using a nested static class of the link entity:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLink.InstantiateEvent
 - CaseContentLink.InstantiateEvent
 - CasePrimaryContentLink.InstantiateEvent
Create a corresponding repository service for that link persistent entity:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinks
 - CaseContentLinks
 - CasePrimaryContentLinks
Create a subtype for each implementation of the target interface:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty
 - CaseContentLinkForFixedAsset and CaseContentLinkForParty
 - CasePrimaryContentLinkForFixedAsset and CasePrimaryContentLinkForParty
Create a subscriber to the event for each implementation of the target interface. We suggest using a nested static class of the subtype.
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
 - CaseContentLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CaseContentLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
 - CasePrimaryContentLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CasePrimaryContentLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
API and Usage
The module itself consist of the following classes:
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink - an abstract class from which to derive the *Link entity
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink.InstantiateEvent - a superclass for the "instantiate event"
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink.Factory - a utility class that broadcasts the event and persists the link using the requested subtype
Let's look at each in more detail, relating back to the "communication channel owner" association in the demo app.
A link is in essence a tuple between two entities. One of these links is direct "subject"; the other is the polymorphic reference. The PolymorphicAssociationLink class is intended to be used base class for all *Link entities (step 2 in the pattern recipe), and defines this structure:
public abstract class PolymorphicAssociationLink<
 S, P, L extends PolymorphicAssociationLink>
 implements Comparable {
 protected PolymorphicAssociationLink(final String titlePattern) {... }
 public abstract S getSubject();
 public abstract void setSubject(S subject);
 public abstract String getPolymorphicObjectType();
 public abstract void setPolymorphicObjectType(final String polymorphicObjectType);
 public abstract String getPolymorphicIdentifier();
 public abstract void setPolymorphicIdentifier(final String polymorphicIdentifier);
 public P getPolymorphicReference() {... }
 public void setPolymorphicReference(final P polymorphicReference) {... }
 public int compareTo(final PolymorphicAssociationLink other) {... }
The subclass is required to implement the subject, polymorphicObjectType and the polymorphicIdentifier properties; these should delegate to the "concrete" properties.
For example,


text:
This set of Building Construction Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on "Door Frames – 1".
1. The size of a door frame is determined after allowing a margin of __________ all-round.
a) 1 mm
b) 3 mm
c) 5 mm
d) 7 mm
Explanation: A door frame consists of horizontal and vertical members forming an enclosure. The size of a door frame is determined after allowing a margin of 5 mm to both the sides and the top of the door opening. This is one of the recommendations laid down by the Indian Standard.
2. Which of the following frames are used only for those residential buildings where more funds are available?
a) Timber frames
b) Aluminium frames
c) Steel frames
d) Stone frames
Explanation: Aluminium frames are used only for those residential buildings where more funds are available because of their large costs. Timber frames can be easily attacked by termites. Stone frames are used in villages where the stone of good quality in required size is available.
3. The cross-sectional area of the head and the post of a door frame is generally kept the same.
Explanation: The cross-sectional area of the head and the post of a door frame is generally kept the same. The top horizontal member of the door frame is known as the head while the vertical members are known as posts.
4. Which of the following statements about concrete frames is false?
a) They are replacing timber frames in urban areas
b) They cost less than timber frames
c) They cost more than timber frames
d) They are cheaper than iron frames
Explanation: Concrete frames are nowadays replacing timber frames in urban areas due to large costs of timber frames. Also, timber frames decay very readily. Concrete frames are cheaper than timber frames as well as than iron frames.
5. The thickness of a timber frame may vary between _______
a) 20-35 mm
b) 60-75 mm
c) 20-35 cm
d) 60-75 cm
Explanation: Depending upon the size of the door opening and the type of timber used, the thickness of a timber frame may vary between 60-75 mm. The same thickness is used for the horizontal and vertical members of the door frame.
6. The width of a timber door frame is _______ if the shutter is provided only to one side of the door.
a) 10 mm
b) 50 mm
c) 100 mm
d) 200 mm
Explanation: The width of a timber door frame is 100 mm if the shutter is provided only to one side of the door. This is the general case of a timber frame. However, if the shutter is provided to both the sides of the frame, then the width is taken 125-140 mm.
7. The width of rebating of the timber frame at its outer edge varies between ________
a) 12.5-15 mm
b) 2.5-13 mm
c) 8.1-9.2 mm
d) 18.5-20.5 mm
Explanation: The width of rebating of the timber frame at its outer edge varies between 12.5-15 mm. In this case, the depth is equal to the thickness of the shutter. However, the depth of rebating of the timber frame at its inner edge is equal to 10 mm.
8. Which of the following is not a type of joint between the head and the post of the timber frame?
a) Closed mortised and tenoned joint
b) Open and pin joint
c) Pin and tenoned joint
d) Dovetailed joint
Explanation: The various types of joints between the head and the post of the timber frame are – closed mortised and tenoned joint, pin and tenoned joint, and dovetailed joint. However, Indian Standard recommends a dovetail joint out of these three types.
9. Which of the following is an anti-termite solution?
Explanation: Aldrex is an anti-termite solution. It is added to coal tar which is then rubbed on all the parts of the timber frame which are in contact with the masonry. This prevents the timber from the attack of termites. Acetone is a volatile solution and hence is soaked by the wood which makes it ineffective against the attack of termites.
Explanation: The above figure represents a door frame. In this figure, A represents the head, B represents post, C represents rebate and D represents holdfast. The post is the vertical member of a door frame. It is also known as the jamb.
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text:
Maurice and Jane O'Keeffe of Irish Life and Lore are pleased to announce the publication of the third and final part of the '_PHONE_: A Century of Change' oral history collection.
This significant and wide-ranging oral history project, comprising 287 recordings and conducted over three years, commemorates the centenary of the of the formation of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann).
The interviewees include leaders in business and finance, in the arts and culture arenas, in media, agriculture, education, politics, engineering and architecture, health, the defence forces, and sport. These men and women, or their immediate family members, have all made a significant contribution to life in Ireland since the foundation of the state.
Hard Copy Illustrated Catalogue
The 135 page illustrated catalogue, detailing all of the recordings in parts 1, 2 and 3 the _PHONE_: A Century of Change can now be purchased for €60.
The catalogue is organised thematically and gives details of the 287 individual recordings as follows:
– Name, date of birth and image of the person recorded
– Date, Location and Length of the recording
– Key Words indicating content of the recording.


text:
Phineas Parkhurst Quimby
WHENCE IS IT - OF MATTER OR WISDOM?
ERRORS & MISERY RESULTING FROM THE
MISAPPLICATION OF THE WORDNovember 1861
What is strength?
This question sounds as though it might be easily answered, but on consideration, it is not so easy.
Words are so misused that it it impossible to get at the original meaning of the person who applied the word - or at the feeling (or state of mind) when the word was first introduced.
If you choose to apply the word "strength" to machinery - then I have no fault to find with the definition. But if it means will, then it is wrongly applied - for will is independent of the thing you call strong.
If you say, "That is a strong lever" - then it does not include the force that is applied to it.
If the person who first used the word applied it to his wisdom as a powerful intellect - then it will only apply where there is some intellect - the quality of which is not taken into account.
This confusion of meaning makes a great deal of trouble, for we put intelligence into everything that has resistance - instead of in the intelligence having the strength.
As far as man is concerned the word "strength" has no meaning at all - unless you call it "will."
A man's legs are a combined lever - and if you mean that they have strength - you might as well say that a lever has strength; for one is as much alive as the other - and neither, of itself, can do anything.
The word "strength" does not convey the author's feelings when he made the expression. He either meant to apply it to wisdom - or to matter.
If the author meant to give a name to the phenomenon called "will" - then it makes a vast difference in reasoning about strength.
For instance, a person is "weak," as it is called, in the back or limbs. Now the medical faculty goes to work to rub on all kinds of strengthening medicines - just as though there were intelligence in the medicine, and it imparted strength to the weak part.
The absurd idea is carried out all through our lives - and it deprives man of the true wisdom that might make him happy and intelligent.
My theory gives the lie to all the above, for I have seen that the word "strength" is a mere word with no more meaning than to lead man astray - and the whole medical science is based on this word "strength."
This or that thing is said to"give a person strength." In the case of a fever, the whole invention of the medical faculty is brought to play to discover some medicine that will "give strength."
The chemist is employed to discover the chemical properties such-and-such things contain - and numberless articles are said to contain "strengthening virtue."
The food is strengthening, the air is strengthening, and you can find no end to the strengthening things given to the sick - and all the while they are growing weaker. This false idea should be corrected.
Everyone knows that animals have more strength than the human species - and it cannot be their food. For a man fed on grass would die, according to our belief, while the animal will live - and he will live on the same food as man and still grow no stronger.
Man puts the construction on the word to suit himself.
It is used to work some piece of machinery - a carriage for instance - as though it had intelligence.
If the word applied to man's will is called "strength" - the thing that it is applied to should not be called "strong."
You may ask what this has to do with the curing of disease.
I will tell you - for it is the very thing to correct.
Apply the word "strength" to man - not to matter; for wisdom has life - and the matter has none.
There is such a term as "resistance" - and this is the opposite to strength.
For instance, you wish to raise a stone. That wisdom that wants to raise a stone is one thing - and the stone is another.
So if wisdom chooses to apply its strength through the arms, its motive (or will) is applied - just according to the amount of resistance.
If a horse is attached to a dead weight, it applies its will (or strength) - just according to its wisdom. And if it fails - it makes another effort to overcome the resistance. And as it gets deceived - it loses its power (or strength).
Strength is intelligence. It embraces all man's wisdom. And if his wisdom is of this world - his strength is in his muscles; but if his wisdom is of God (or Science) - his strength is in himself. And to be wise is to be strong.
I will illustrate my idea of strength as I apply it to the sick.
When I use the word - I couple it with skill. These two are governed, either by the brutal wisdom - or the scientific wisdom.
I will state a case of my own experience. I treated a man who had lost the use of his lower limbs. He could not move them when he was sitting in his chair. The doctors called it a "spine affection."
When he attempted to rise, he had not strength in his spine to keep his body erect. He would give out at the pit of the stomach - and this took all the power from his legs.
This was the doctors' theory, and the man believed it - and applied his will (or strength) according to this wisdom. His hope was cut off. He believed the spine was diseased - and so did all his friends and physicians.
According to my theory, his body was like the weight to be moved. His will (or strength) was applied to his body - just as it would be to a lever that you believed would break, if you applied too much power to it.
His reason directed the power, and being deceived - he could do nothing. To cure him (or make his legs strong and his spine well) was to first convince him that there never was any strength in the idea body - and that strength came from some other source.
Everyone knows that the will, being put into action - an effect is produced called "strength."
For instance, a person by the power of his will can hold another. This is called "strength."
What is the grasp?
Strength? Or is it the will applied to the hand?
No one supposes that the hand would catch hold and grasp, unless it was directed by another power. This "other power" is the will, governed by the wisdom - and the effect is called "strength."
"Strength" is the name of the phenomenon. It is an act, so will without an act (or motive) is no will (or strength) - and availeth nothing.
So to sit till his legs grew strong would be as absurd as to make a steam engine and, after it was ready to work - sit and wait till the wood made its own fire, its steam, and let its steam on to the piston head.
For a man that has lost his strength to sit still and wait for it to come is just as absurd as to prepare a clay bin and then wait for it to make itself into a vessel!
Such an idea of strength is so absurd that it takes away a man's reasoning faculties.
Let man know that his weakness is the want of right direction to his ambition - then his strength is in putting his will into action. Both are the result of his wisdom.
Destroy a man's prospects and happiness - and you destroy his strength. So as you rouse his ambition and will - his strength comes.
The course taken by the medical faculty, in their mode of reasoning, destroys man's natural powers - and makes him a mere tool in the hands of a "quack."
Every man who reasons that strength can be made by food, air, or rubbing, or any liniment - is a fool - although he may be honest.
I have tried the experiment - and know.
I do not guess at it when I say that there is not one particle of virtue in any sort of medicine that people take to give them strength.
Neither is there any strength in one kind of food more than another, but it may be all summed up in this: the gratification of man's desires embraces all there is of him - and these vary according to circumstances.
All men have a desire for happiness, and this desire creates an appetite - and the desire wants to be gratified. This brings up this feeling called "will" - and then it is forced on by wisdom to accomplish a desire.
The wants of the animal are limited. Therefore it is lively and happy - for it acts according to its will.
It is often said that the beasts are sick.
Granted - but man takes their freedom from them, as well as from the human species. Let both be wild - and you see a bold race.
Look at the uncultivated savage, and you will not see him creeping around - as though he had done some mean, dirty act - like the civilized man.
Of all mean-looking things, a human being that is completely under the medical faculty is the lowest. He is as much a slave as the Negro at the South - and in fact more so.
Look at a sick female suffering from some opinion that the doctors have made her believe. In her mind she is completely under the doctor. She is not allowed to eat or drink or even walk or think - except as the family physician gives direction.
The sick have given their souls to the priests - and their bodies to the physicians. They then tell about the "good doctor" - how much he has done for them - showing that he has deprived them of all noble, manly feelings... left them


text:
It's Only Natural: Evaluating Natural Language Dialogs
Your decision on whether to use a natural dialog approach instead of a directed dialog in an IVR application will directly affect the cost, effort and maintenance of the system. This article will give you a process that you can use to make the right decision.
Natural Dialogs versus Directed Dialogs
A natural dialog is one in which the prompts, grammars and dialog flow are modeled and designed to more closely simulate a real conversation between two people. Natural dialogs allow the human to participate in controlling the dialog flow. Directed dialogs on the other hand use a pre-defined set of steps and usually occur in a sequential, linear fashion.
Directed dialogs are modeled in a dialog-flow fashion, similar to a call-flow for touch tone IVRs. Natural dialogs, on the other hand, typically utilize a finite state model where dialogs are executed based on the state of one or more variables.
There isn't a clear dividing line between directed dialogs and natural dialogs however; nor is there an agreed upon approach as to how they should be developed. Directed dialogs may certainly use a mixed initiative dialog as a shortcut mechanism for power users; and natural dialogs will certainly use directed dialogs.
Developers usually differentiate between directed and natural dialogs in terms of whether or not the dialog is mixed initiative. A mixed initiative dialog allows callers to fill multiple form field slots in a single utterance. For example, the utterance, "nineteen ninety ford escort" might fill the year, make and model fields with a single utterance, as opposed to three separate prompts. This illustrates one potential description of a natural dialog versus a directed dialog; not necessarily because it's mixed initiative, but because it is probably more natural to speak all three pieces of information during a phone conversation if you were describing the type of car you were selling (for example).
What is important to understand is that while researchers have tested various natural dialog approaches, there is no "right way" or set of guidelines that will help you create natural dialogs. I think this may have something to do with the fact that scientists don't understand the natural human speech machine in enough detail to effectively model it on a computer. So, remember, the definition of a natural dialog is a bit ambiguous and certainly open to interpretation. In fact, in some cases, a directed dialog may in fact be more natural than a mixed initiative dialog.
Evaluate the Existing Environment
There are three common environments that I see which affect design decisions:
The company has an existing touch-tone IVR that they want to upgrade to speech to reduce call times or reduce the number of callers that bail out of the IVR to a live rep. In this situation, introducing a new approach to callers that use the system regularly may actually cause more harm than good, because while the number of new callers pressing zero may be reduced, more experienced callers may become frustrated with the new interface and end up bailing out. If the percentage of repeat callers is high, and the ratio of repeat callers to new callers is high, then the end result could actually be more callers bailing out than before. Great care must be taken in transitioning to a new system. A recommended approach would be to gradually introduce speech into the application in a way that allows callers to slowly become acclimated to the new interface. Of course, the speech interface must be as good or better than the existing touch-tone system. For example, if the speech system is nothing more than a voice activated menu, callers may become frustrated with the new interface when they experience recognition errors, (which rarely occur with a touch-tone system). When upgrading a touch-tone system, a natural language system may be too radical a change for users and could result in more bail-outs.
The speech IVR system is going to automate what a real person
does on the phone now.
In this case it will be important to analyze the existing call flow. Unless the calls are entirely scripted, most human dialogs tend to be composed of a series of open-ended dialogs that each have a goal or milestone, which may also depend on the results of a previous dialog. When analyzing the calls, you want to be listening for these dialog milestones. You can usually spot a dialog milestone by listening for a dialog transition. A dialog transition occurs when one participant changes the topic or focus of the conversation. For example, "Ok, now I need to get your credit card information". When a transition occurs, it usually signals the end of a previous dialog. Dialogs will normally have data points in which one participant communicates a piece of information that translates into a form field value. This sounds easy enough because you can translate this into VoiceXML dialogs. The difficulty is that human speech is usually much more complicated. The caller may change their mind midstream about a previous data point during a subsequent dialog after the transition has already occured. For example, "Actually, I need two widgets instead of one, and I want to pay with a Visa card, but only if you can ship it overnight, otherwise I'd like to pay COD with something like UPS". This instruction is easy enough to process for a human, but incredibly complex for a computer. Another caller might flip back and forth between logical dialogs in a conversation.
There are two things to consider when evaluating how to automate an existing human dialog interface. First, will it be feasible to break down the human dialog interaction into discrete directed dialog components so that callers will be able to communicate the same information to the computer instead of a person in about the same amount of time? When analyzing the conversation, it may seem at first that this would be impossible, but as you listen to many dialogs, you will be able to identify common dialogs that can be broken down into discrete dialog components.
Second, will a directed dialog be usable from the caller's perspective? Will the directed dialog be so different than the human dialog that callers will become very confused and simply not use the system? Maybe not. If the human agent asks the same series of questions for every call, then a directed dialog would actually be more natural than trying to consolidate the conversation in a more mixed initiative dialog.
On the other hand, if the entire conversation is dynamic and unscripted, it may actually be impossible to create a directed dialog. It is in these cases, creating a series of open-ended mixed initiative dialog may make the most sense.
The IVR is a new application that will stand on its own or extend a Web application.
This is potentially the most difficult environment to work in, because you have to make a lot of assumptions about how the speech dialog "should" occur whereas in the previous two scenarios, we have existing calls that can be analyzed. Additionally, when integrating an IVR system with an existing Web application, some people have a tendency to think of the IVR in terms of it being a telephone mirror of the Web application, when in the fact the interfaces may necessarily be very different. The one advantage of integrating a speech IVR with an existing Web application is that somebody has already gone through the pain of breaking down the business logic into a programmatic structure. There is also the benefit of not having an existing call flow to analyze; there isn't a legacy of expectations that have to be considered in deciding whether or not to use a natural mixed initiative dialog. If it turns out that an open-ended dialog will be the most natural and efficient way to program the application, we are free to do that (except for resource and time constraints of course).


text:
How to see/ understand the difference between male and female fruit trees?
How to see/understand the difference between male and female fruit trees? Is there a list of trees that need both to pollinate? How do I see the difference in real life? I am looking forward to hearing from you,
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Not all fruit tree have male and female. Most have perfect flowers, which means the male and female parts are contained in one flower.
On the fruit plants that have male and female, typically you can find the immature fruit either inside the flower or right below the flower on the female. It will look like a tiny, green version of the mature fruit, typically.


MacArtney's MBES Hydrographic System for Island of Corsica
MacArtney France has delivered a portable multi-beam echosounder hydrographic system, designed for small vessels, to the French government organisation, Collectivité de Corse, in Corsica.
The Collectivité de Corse, a government organisation, represents the interests of the community of Corsica – a Mediterranean island off the south coast of France.
With 1000 km of coastline, the island attracts many tourists and cruise ships creating the need for an MBES hydrographic system.
The purpose of the MBES hydrographic system is to ensure visiting vessels can securely navigate the harbours of the island, monitor the seabed to control the quality of dredging, identify obstructions on the sea floor and verify underwater installations.
MacArtney France worked with Kongsberg, Valeport and SBG Systems on this project to fulfill the project specific needs and supply an adaptable MBES hydrographic system that meets the standards set down by the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO).
This new bathymetric system from MacArtney France will reduce survey time, increase accuracy, expand survey area reach and ensure a comprehensive hydrographic survey system.
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Frost wolf
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Frost wolf
Frost wolves are a species of wolves found on both Azeroth[1] and Outland.[2]
Warlords of DraenorEdit
Only the hardiest can survive the unforgiving climate of Frostfire Ridge. Numbering among the natives are the sturdy frostwolves. The Frostwolf orc clan has taken these beasts as their symbol and namesake, and the orcs and their wolf companions fight and hunt together as an extended pack family.
Explorers in Frostfire Ridge should be wary of the frostwolf's undomesticated cousin, the dangerous garn. These enormous beasts, twice the mass of an Azerothian bear, are identified by their massive jaws and jet-black fur. Even the Frostwolf orcs fear the unruly and wild garn.
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