What is a financial guarantee contract?
A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment that is due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.
Accounting for financial guarantee contracts
If an issuer of financial guarantee contracts has previously asserted explicitly that it regards such contracts as insurance contracts and has used accounting that is applicable to insurance contracts, the issuer may elect to apply either Ind AS 109 or Ind AS 104 to such financial guarantee contracts. The entity may make that election on a contract by contract basis. How-ever, the election for each contract is not revocable.
Financial guarantee contracts after initial recognition is measured at the higher of:
 1. Impairment loss allowance determined as per requirements of Ind AS 109 and
 2. The amount initially recognised less cumulative amount of income recognised as per Ind AS 18.
Date of initial recognition
For financial guarantee contracts, the date the entity becomes a party to the irrevocable com-mitment is considered to be the date of initial recognition for the purpose of applying the im-pairment requirements.
Legal form
A financial guarantee contract may have different legal forms viz., guarantee, letter of credit, a credit default contract or an insurance contract. The accounting treatment for such financial guarantee contract is not dependent on its legal form.
Contracts that are not financial guarantee contracts
Some credit-related guarantees do not, as a precondition for payment, require that the holder is exposed to, and has incurred a loss on, the failure of the debtor to make payments on the guaranteed asset when due. An example of such a guarantee is one that requires payments in response to changes in a specified credit rating or credit index. Such guarantees are not financial guarantee contracts as defined in this Standard, and are not insurance contracts as defined in Ind AS 104. Such guarantees are derivatives and the issuer should apply Ind AS 109 for such contracts.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued in connection with the sale of goods, the issuer should apply Ind AS 18 in determining when it recognises the revenue from the guarantee and from the sale of goods.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued to an unrelated party in a standalone arm's length transaction, its fair value at the inception is likely to be equal to the premium received.
Timing of recognising life time expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, an entity should consider the changes in the risk that the specified debtor will default on the contract. The significance of a change in the credit risk since initial recognition depends on the risk of a default occurring as at initial recognition. Thus, a given change, in absolute terms, in the risk of a default occurring will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial risk of a default occurring compared to a financial instrument with a higher initial risk of a default occurring.
The risk of a default occurring on financial instruments that have comparable credit risk is higher the longer the expected life of the instrument; for example, the risk of a default occurring on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of 10 years is higher than that on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of five years.
For a financial guarantee contract, the entity is required to make payments only in the event of a default by the debtor in accordance with the terms of the instrument that is guaranteed. Accordingly, cash shortfalls are the expected payments to reimburse the holder for a credit loss that it incurs less any amounts that the entity expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or any other party. If the asset is fully guaranteed, the estimation of cash shortfalls for a financial guarantee contract would be consistent with the estimations of cash shortfalls for the asset subject to the guarantee.
Period over which to estimate expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, this is the maximum contractual period over which an entity has a present contractual obligation to extend credit.
Time value of money
Expected credit losses on financial guarantee contracts for which the effective interest rate cannot be determined shall be discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks that are specific to the cash flows but only if, and to the extent that, the risks are taken into account by adjusting the discount rate instead of adjusting the cash shortfalls being discounted.
Impairment on transition to Ind AS
On transition, an entity should seek to approximate the credit risk on initial recognition by considering all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. An entity is not required to undertake an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition, whether there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. If an entity is unable to make this determination without undue cost or effort an entity shall recognise a loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses at each reporting date until that financial instrument is derecognised.
In order to determine the loss allowance on financial guarantee contracts to which the entity became a party to the contract prior to the date of initial application, both on transition and until the derecognition of those items an entity shall consider information that is relevant in determining or approximating the credit risk at initial recognition. In order to determine or approximate the initial credit risk, an entity may consider internal and external information, including portfolio information.
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I can't seem to find a good explanation of what the differences are between the words location and locality. Are they interchangeable, or are there certain contexts in which one or the other must be used?
share|improve this question
closed as general reference by FumbleFingers, Gnawme, kiamlaluno, Hugo, jwpat7 Feb 16 '12 at 6:00
I'd have thought any dictionary would make this clear. The location of something means exactly where it is, whereas the locality means the general region around where it is. – FumbleFingers Feb 11 '12 at 19:47
I think that e.g. in the sense of computer science terms like "locality of reference", locality also has a meaning like "property of remaining localized", i.e. unmoving. – Karl Knechtel Feb 11 '12 at 21:31
_USER_ Actually, "locality" and "localized" in that context don't mean "unmoving" but "within a specific region". For example, "locality of reference" means many references in a small region. – David Schwartz Feb 12 '12 at 8:57
3 Answers 3
It's all about knowing that location refers to a specific position on the map (the degree of certainty of the location can vary enormously depending on the context, from a specific coordinate in the map (What's your location? 38° 41' 7.8351", longitude: -96° 30' 14.0625")) to an entire continent What's your location? Europe) while locality will almost always refer to a specific town, village or area.
In general terms location is to position as locality is to village/town/area.
They are usually not interchangeable but since location is more general than locality, locality could be replaced by location in the right context.
Besides, since localities refer to predefined areas, they usually have names.
What is your (current) location?
My (current) location is latitude: 38° 41' 7.8351", longitude: -96° 30' 14.0625".
There is no need to be so specific, you could also say:
I'm near the river.
I'm almost there.
Regarding locality:
On what village/locality are you in?
I'm in Springfield.
If it was common for the operator to travel from village to village in a short period of time, village/locality would turn redundant and location could also be used.
What's your location?
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Location indicates the exact location, a position of something and locality indicates a small area of a country, city etc.
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Location is a place - a particular place, especially in relation to other areas - where something exists or happens.
His apartment is in a really good location
A locality denotes the fact or condition of having a location in space or time.
... weather reports from several different localities
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text:
How the UN is using Google technology to increase awareness of refugee camps
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has teamed up with Google to give anyone with Web access a chance to see what life and conditions are like in a refugee camp. The initial iteration centers on Chad, Iraq, Colombia and Darfur.
Web surfers can explore camps through the visual, textual, audio and video information that's layered on top of the bigger picture. Pop-up windows throughout the images of the camps tell you what's going on, and what's needed. You can also move in close enough to examine the infrastructure, including schools and other facilities.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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When I do the following.. anything done to Person b modifies Person a (I thought doing this would clone Person b from Person a). I also have NO idea if changing Person a will change Person b after the linking. Due to my code right now, I can only see this in 1 direction.
Person a = new Person() { head = "big", feet = "small" };
Person b = a;
b.head = "small"; //now a.head = "small" too
Now if I do this instead.. Person a becomes completely separate.
Person b = new Person() { head = a.head, feet = a.feet };
Now this fine and kinda makes sense when comparing this behaviour to other things in C#. BUT, this could get very annoying with large objects.
Is there a way to shortcut this at all?
Such as:
Person b = a.Values;
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Can you give an example of what you're trying to accomplish with this? This isn't the sort of thing that's needed frequently. Maybe there's another way to accomplish your task. – John Saunders Mar 19 '11 at 1:17
It is called "deep copy", search for this. Your example is a very good one for why you rarely actually do this. The odds that one person would have the exact same traits as another one are quite rare. – Hans Passant Mar 19 '11 at 1:18
Note that the word "linking" is not used for what you're doing there. This is an assignment. The question header implies that the question has something to do with the linker. – steinar Mar 19 '11 at 1:22
Sorry about the terminology, I don't know how to properly define everything yet. I'm basically storing a bunch of settings in a object. Then another object takes those settings and builds itself from them. Unfortunately (for me right now), building the second object changes the first object because of this behavior. Maybe I shouldn't be storing my settings in an object, but I don't know how else to do it because of how complex it is. – PiZzL3 Mar 19 '11 at 1:30
This isn't a link at all. They're the same object. You've got two references to the same object. – John Saunders Mar 19 '11 at 1:30
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5 Answers
up vote 9 down vote accepted
Is there a way to shortcut this at all?
No, not really. You'll need to make a new instance in order to avoid the original from affecting the "copy". There are a couple of options for this:
 1. If your type is a struct, not a class, it will be copied by value (instead of just copying the reference to the instance). This will give it the semantics you're describing, but has many other side effects that tend to be less than desirable, and is not recommended for any mutable type (which this obviously is, or this wouldn't be an issue!)
 2. Implement a "cloning" mechanism on your types. This can be ICloneable or even just a constructor that takes an instance and copies values from it.
 3. Use reflection, MemberwiseClone, or similar to copy all values across, so you don't have to write the code to do this. This has potential problems, especially if you have fields containing non-simple types.
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Thanks, that sums it up nicely. I think I'll have to figure out a different way to store my data or make a special constructor. – PiZzL3 Mar 19 '11 at 2:11
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What you are looking is for a Cloning. You will need to Implement IClonable and then do the Cloning.
class Person() : ICloneable
 public string head;
 public string feet;
 _TAG_ ICloneable Members
 public object Clone()
 return this.MemberwiseClone();
Then You can simply call the Clone method to do a ShallowCopy (In this particular Case also a DeepCopy)
Person b = (Person) a.Clone();
You can use the MemberwiseClone method of the Object class to do the cloning.
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Do not use IClonable: blogs.msdn.com/b/brada/archive/2003/04/09/49935.aspx – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 1:26
_USER_ Levy: I know the difference arise between Shallow Copy and Deep Copy, when you have Reference type of members in the class. – Shekhar_Pro Mar 19 '11 at 1:32
add comment
a and b are just two references to the same Person object. They both essentially hold the address of the Person.
There is a ICloneable interface, though relatively few classes support it. With this, you would write:
Person b = a.Clone();
Then, b would be an entirely separate Person.
You could also implement a copy constructor:
public Person(Person src)
 //...
There is no built-in way to copy all the fields. You can do it through reflection, but there would be a performance penalty.
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_USER_, 1. The difference between deep copy and shallow copy is irrelevant here, because the class only has two fields, both with immutable types. 2. I didn't recommend ICloneable. I listed it as an option. 3. That is not an official guideline, just a discussion of a plan to add it to the official guidelines (I don't know if it made it). – Matthew Flaschen Mar 19 '11 at 1:37
it did make it to the official guidelines – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 2:07
_USER_, can you post the official link, so I can see the details? – Matthew Flaschen Mar 19 '11 at 2:47
section 8.5 of the book (second edition) _URL_-Design-Guidelines-Conventions-Libraries/dp/… – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 3:32
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You could do it like this:
var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
var b = jss.Deserialize(jss.Serialize(a));
For deep cloning you may want to take a look at this answer: _URL_
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This happens because "Person" is a class, so it is passed by reference. In the statement "b = a" you are just copying a reference to the one and only "Person" instance that you created with the keyword new.
The easiest way to have the behavior that you are looking for is to use a "value type".
Just change the Person declaration from
class Person
struct Person
share|improve this answer
This just makes it harder to have a class. 'Cannot have instance initalizers in structs' – Bonzo Oct 6 '12 at 18:34
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Your Answer


=over =item grep BLOCK LIST X =item grep EXPR,LIST This is similar in spirit to, but not the same as, grep(1) and its relatives. In particular, it is not limited to using regular expressions. Evaluates the BLOCK or EXPR for each element of LIST (locally setting C<$_> to each element) and returns the list value consisting of those elements for which the expression evaluated to true. In scalar context, returns the number of times the expression was true. _USER_ = grep(!/^#/, _USER_); # weed out comments or equivalently, _USER_ = grep {!/^#/} _USER_; # weed out comments Note that C<$_> is an alias to the list value, so it can be used to modify the elements of the LIST. While this is useful and supported, it can cause bizarre results if the elements of LIST are not variables. Similarly, grep returns aliases into the original list, much as a for loop's index variable aliases the list elements. That is, modifying an element of a list returned by grep (for example, in a C, C or another C) actually modifies the element in the original list. This is usually something to be avoided when writing clear code. If C<$_> is lexical in the scope where the C appears (because it has been declared with C) then, in addition to being locally aliased to the list elements, C<$_> keeps being lexical inside the block; i.e., it can't be seen from the outside, avoiding any potential side-effects. See also L for a list composed of the results of the BLOCK or EXPR. =back


Supreme Court of Western Australia
The People in the Court
People in a Civil and Criminal Courtroom
The judge ensures proceedings are conducted according to the law. The judge is referred to as The Honourable Justice 'Smith' and is addressed as "Your Honour". The judge wears a black gown for both criminal and civil hearings. Judges in WA do not wear wigs.
The associate is a member of the judge's personal staff, and helps in the administration of the court including preparing documents, recording decisions and issuing orders.
Also a member of the judge's staff who calls witnesses and helps to keep order in the court.
A solicitor or barrister employed by the accused or defendant to defend the matter.
A solicitor or barrister who conducts proceedings on behalf of the State of Western Australia or the Commonwealth of Australia (for criminal proceedings), and on behalf of the plaintiff (for civil proceedings).
The person charged with committing an offence. This person will only be present for a criminal trial.
People called to give evidence on behalf of the prosecution / plaintiff or the defence.
A group of 12 people selected randomly to decide on the innocence or guilt of an accused person in a criminal trial. It is rare to have a jury in a civil trial.
Courtrooms are open to the public and members of the public are encouraged to attend trials to see for themselves how our courts operate.
Last updated: 8-Jul-2019
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Saturday, 18 February 2012
The Waiting Period: Graduate Admissions Survival
If you have a philosopher who happens to have applied to graduate schools this year, you are likely in thick of waiting. This waiting period is almost always intensely stressful for both you and your philosopher.
Depression during this waiting period can be exasperated by your philosopher, especially if they persist in checking their email frequently or if they insist on monitoring acceptances/rejections on online forums (such as gradcafe). This is especially dangerous for philosophers who are also working on MA theses (it's the worst kind of distraction from work).
So how can you help alleviate the depressive effects of the application waiting period?
1. Make an alternate plan.
This may seem rather dreadful, but it will help both you and your philosopher if you develop a backup plan (what to do if your philosopher doesn't get in anywhere). If your philosopher knows that they have alternate options—even if these aren't ideal—then it might ease their mind a bit. For sure, having a backup plan can also do wonders for your mental health.
2. Reassure. Reassure. Reassure.
You will find yourself having to do lots of reassuring during this period. Prepare to be patient with your philosopher every time they descend into the slough of despond. Reassure your philosopher that they are really intelligent, they haven't heard from every school yet, just because someone has been accepted on gradcafe doesn't mean that all decisions are final, just because they didn't get in this year doesn't mean that they can never try again, etc. Just because they didn't get into one of their lower-tier schools, doesn't mean that they won't get into an upper-tier school. Remind them. Here are two stories that might help your philosopher:
Story 1: A philosopher thought they had received rejections from every school to which they applied, as they had seen people post on gradcafe about each of their schools. Well guess what? An oversight had led to an acceptance letter—from their first school choice—either not being sent or being lost in the mail.
Story 2: An extremely intelligent philosopher received rejections from every place they applied one year. Instead of giving up, this philosopher applied to exactly the same places the next year and got in to several of them.
3. Bake treats.
This speaks for itself.
4. Distract your philosopher.
This is a good time to ply your philosopher with distractions. Help them train for a marathon; make a goal to watch all of the AFI top 100 movies; encourage them to prepare a paper for publication; refinish some furniture. Distractions are really necessary to keep your philosopher from being despondent sometimes.
When all else fails, direct them to Ph.D. comics.
~The Philosiologist
 1. I work in graduate admissions and I can absolutely verify that some excellent applicants are unlucky one year, reapply the next year, then sail through. For PhDs it can sometimes be the case that there a particular area of research is very oversubscribed one year - often due to considerations of the funding the department has in place, which students it has already admitted, and which staff are able to take on new students - and eases up the next. That said, to next years' applicants, it IS important to apply to a range of different places and to apply early!
 I should also emphasise your point that, in my institution at least, admissions decisions are sent out over a rather long period (weeks to months) and that just because some have already received offers, there's no reason you won't. Sometimes notifications are done in alphabetical batches, sometimes in order of assessment, sometimes randomly.
 2. Thanks for the reassurance! See, philosophers? :-)
 3. I hope you will post new update soon.


Of the staggers
An eighteenth century view of staggers in horses
source: Henry Bracken
starts p88, 12 pages long
Diseases affecting a horse's head are called staggers, and are similar to apoplexy and vertigo in humans. Bleeding should be the first resort for such brain diseases, which are caused by overfullness. Horses that stand for a long time and are not given exercise are especially prone to staggers. Brain fever and staggers may have similar symptoms, but the cure is the same. The amount of blood taken from the horse is more important than whether or not blood is let from the affected side. Some four or five quarts of bleeding is the most effective measure, if the horse has the strength for this.
There are special balls for staggers, but they can become a more expensive treatment than the price of the horse. However, cinnabar balls, which include quicksilver, can be given to a good horse. A glyster of senna and common salt is also a useful remedy, with a powder can be made with Afara Bacca herb, which can be blown into the horse's nostrils to ease the head through a watery discharge. There are a number of other recipes for curing staggers, but they tend to be based on superstition rather than an evaluation of why they might be useful, based on medicine, with help from chemistry, natural philosophy, mechanics and mathematics.
There are reports of remedies for staggers, such as putting cloves, rice, ginger, garlic and other objects into horses' ears, and this practice has driven some horses mad. Putting quicksilver in horses' ears is also a common remedy among farriers. German farriers are reported to whisper into horses' ears and turn them round three times. However three is no more magic a number than four, and English methods are more effective.


have done other things between the first INSERT query and the second without altering what was inserted into the customerid column of the new record in the orders table.
The value returned by LAST_INSERT_ID() is exclusive to each connection, and it's not affected by inserts performed by other connections, even on the same tables. In other words, concurrency is never an issue when using this function.
User Variables
It's a common programming practice to store values returned from queries in the application space for reuse. However, this can often be done within MySQL itself by means of user variables. A user variable (identified by a leading @ sign) can contain any scalar value and lasts for the lifetime of the current connection. It can be named using any combination of alphanumeric characters and may include the $ (dollar sign), _ (underscore), and. (period) characters.
You have two options for setting the value of a user variable:
 - The SET statement, which simply takes the form SET _USER_ = value;. value can be any legal MySQL expression that evaluates to a scalar value.
 - Within queries, you can use _USER_:=value. In this case, the expression used for value can also include one or more column names.
Once the value of a user variable is set, you can use it in any expression. Here is an example that works in MySQL 4.1.1 and newer:
A user variable may hold any scalar type, including integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and dates. You can set a user variable's value using an expression containing other user variables, as well as values derived from other functions.
 Never try to set a user variable and then use its value in a GROUP BY, ORDER BY, or HAVING clause in the same statement. The results of such a query are unpredictable.
Notice that you're not limited (as is sometimes imagined) to setting user variables in SELECT queries, as you can see in the next example.
Unfortunately, in web applications, you cannot preserve values between pages by means of MySQL user variables, because each new page load creates its own connection. Even if you use persistent connections, you're almost certain to get the value for a user variable of the same name that was set using a different connection (or a null value in the case where a new connection was established). MySQL won't let you choose a connection identifier, nor can you create or set arbitrary global variables. Even so, user variables can still be useful for multiple queries within the same page and, as you'll see in the example in the next section, for aliasing columns and intermediate results within queries where you can't use real aliases.
{mospagebreak title=Branching: Making Choices in Queries}
Branching is obviously an area with a wealth of potential when it comes to replacing programming logic with SQL logic. So, in this section, we present some useful MySQL branching methods with this goal in mind.
No programming or scripting language would be very useful if it didn't provide a way to execute different instructions depending on the outcome of a test condition, such as whether one value is greater than another. MySQL is similar in this regard. It has four flow-control operators that you can use to choose between values based on how one or more conditions are evaluated: IF(), IFNULL(), NULLIF(), and CASE.
True/False Branching with IF()
The IF() operator has the following syntax:
IF(test_expression, true_result, false_result)
The IF() operator takes three expressions as arguments. If test_expression evaluates as true (or 1), than it returns true_result; otherwise, false_result is returned. Here is a fairly simple example:
Let's look at a slightly more complex scenario. Suppose as part of an e-commerce web site, we have a products table defined in part like this:
CREATE TABLE products (
product_price DECIMAL(6, 2),
 product_weight DECIMAL(5, 2)
As part of the checkout process, we need to determine shipping according to the following conditions: if the price of a product is greater than $100 or if the weight of the product is less than 500 grams (0.5 kg), then no charges for shipping are added; otherwise, we add a shipping charge of $4.50 per kilo for any weight in excess of 500 grams.
SELECT _USER_:=product_price AS p, _USER_:=product_weight AS w,
_USER_:=IF(_USER_ > 100.00 OR _USER_ > 0.5, 0, _USER_ * 4.50) AS s, FORMAT(_USER_ + _USER_, 2) AS t
FROM products
WHERE product_id=productid;
When we test this with a bit of sample data, here's the result:
We employed some user variables to get around the problems that arise when trying to use column aliases to define other columns in the same query.
Null-based Branching with IFNULL()
The IFNULL() operator has the following syntax:
IFNULL(expression1, expression2)
The way the IFNULL() function works may seem a bit counterintuitive: I f expression1 is not NULL, then it is returned; otherwise, expression2 is returned. You could express the same logic using IF() and NOT IS NULL:
IF(NOT IS NULL expression1, expression1, expression2 )
For example, consider an orders table for which a partial definition might be like this:
 acctid INT NOT NULL,
 orderdate DATE NOT NULL
 shipdate DATE NULL
To produce a list of recent orders (say within the past 30 days) showing which ones have been and haven't yet been shipped, we could use something like this:
SELECT orderid, acctid, IFNULL(shipdate, 'PENDING') AS Shipped
FROM orders
Expression Relation-based Branching with NULLIF()
The NULLIF() operator has the following syntax:
NULLIF(expression1, expression2)
This function tests the relation expression1 = expression2 and if the result is true (1), then the function returns NULL; otherwise, it returns expression2. This could also be written as the following:
IF(expression1 = expression2, NULL, expression2)
or, as you'll see shortly, like this:
CASE WHEN expression1 = expression2 THEN NULL ELSE expression2 END
The NULLIF() function may not prove to be as efficient a method as some others in many circumstances. This is because if expression1 and expression2 are equal, then expression2 will actually be evaluated twice.
CASE-based Branching
The CASE structure can be used to test an expression against one or more other expressions in a series and to return one of any number of different values based on the outcome. It works in a manner similar to that of the if … then … else … construct found in most programming and scripting languages.
There are two different versions of CASE.
Multiple Conditions with CASE
One version of CASE is as follows:
CASE WHEN condition THEN result
[ELSE else_result | WHEN condition2 THEN result2
[ELSE else_result2 | WHEN…] ]
In the simplest instance, the condition is tested, and if true, then the result following the THEN keyword is returned. If condition is not true, then NULL is returned. You can override the latter behavior by including an ELSE clause; in this case, if condition is false, then the else_result expression value is returned instead of NULL. For example, we could rewrite the example we used for IFNULL() like this:
SELECT orderid, acctid,
 WHEN shipdate IS NULL
 ELSE shipdate
END AS Shipped
FROM orders
This is a bit more verbose than the IFNULL() version, but it's also easier to read, particularly with the line breaks and indentation we've added here.
We could make the example a bit more selective by introducing additional WHEN … THEN … clauses. Using something like the following, we can return "ORDER PENDING" if no shipping date has yet been set, "ORDER SHIPPED ON … " plus the shipping date if the shipping date is in the past, "FUTURE" if the shipping date is in the future, and "SHIP TODAY" if the shipping date matches today's date:
SELECT orderid, acctid, _USER_ := shipdate,
END AS Shipped
FROM orders
You'll notice that the result set includes an extra column for the shipping date; very shortly (in the "Our Demonstration Revisited" section), we'll show you how to get rid of this if you don't need it.
A given CASE structure may contain any number of WHEN… THEN… clauses and a maximum of one ELSE clause.
Comparisons with CASE
The other form of CASE is as follows:
CASE expression WHEN value THEN result [ELSE else_result | WHEN value2 THEN result2
[ELSE else_result2 | WHEN…] ]
This compares an expression to a value, both of which can be any valid MySQL expressions, and returns result if the two are equal. Otherwise, either NULL or an else_result is returned, depending on whether or not an ELSE clause follows.
Here is an example:
CASE order_date
 WHEN last_pmt_date
 THEN 'YES'
 ELSE 'NO'
 END AS pmt_status
FROM orders;
The CASE block will evaluate to 'YES' if the order_date and last_pmt_date columns for a given record hold the same value, and 'NO' if they don't.
The syntax for CASE varies somewhat from what we've shown in this chapter when it's used inside stored procedures in MySQL 5.0 and later. See Chapter 8 for more information.
What About Loops?
Given what we've just seen in the way of decision-making capabilities, you might expect that there would be some sort of


text:
UK researchers develop ultrasonic needle
A University of Glasgow-led project, which is developing this new type of surgical needle, is one of 15 engineering projects to share in 12.2 million pounds of funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
Margaret Lucas, Professor of Ultrasonics at the University's School of Engineering, and her partner researchers at the Universities of Dundee and Edinburgh have received 982,000 pounds to support three years of work to develop a needle which vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies.
Previous ultrasonic cutting technology developed by Prof Lucas and her team is capable of removing the shell of an egg without damaging the membrane below.
The technology would allow doctors to penetrate bone with needles with much less force than is currently required, improving the effectiveness of biopsies and allowing a more effective delivery of drugs to parts of the body obscured by bone.
Ultrasonic needles could also make it easier for doctors to penetrate areas of hard tissue without affecting the surrounding soft tissue.
Previous research carried out by Professor Lucas has led to the development of ultrasonic cutting tools precise enough to remove sections from the shell of an egg without breaking the membrane underneath.
Professor Lucas said: "We've been working for several years to explore the applications of ultrasonic vibrations to allow surgeons to cut through bone more quickly and easily, and we're excited about the potential of applying
Be the first to comment.


text:
Landscape Epidemiology of Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden
Figure 2. A) Spatial distribution of 56 places of tularemia transmission in Ljusdal, Sweden, 1995–2005, overlaid on a map with color-coded demographic data based on residential addresses. B) Disease cluster in an area of 25 km2 along the Ljusnan River in Ljusdal. Reported places of disease transmission and corresponding bacterial genotypes are shown. The 33 Francisella tularensis isolates belong to genetic group 1e and are of genotype ID 15 (red) or genotype ID 16 (black). Place of disease transmission was reported to be certain (circle), probable (square), or possible (diamond); patient residency was used when transmission data was unavailable (triangle).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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At the behest of Gerhard Paseman I'll describe the problem that I alluded to in name for a partial order.
Let $M = M(\infty)$ denote the set of all finite subsets of the positive integers $\mathbb{N}$. As I mentioned in my other question, $M$ has a partial order defined as follows: If $S \in M$ and $i \ge 1$ is an integer, denote by $S_i$ the $i$-th largest element of $S$. We say that $S \ge_R T$ if $|S| \ge |T|$ and $S_i \ge T_i$ for $i = 1, \dots, |T|$. For any finite subset $A \subset M$ define the polynomial $$ f_A(t) := \sum_{S \in A} \sum_{T \in A} t^{|S \Delta T|},$$
where $S \Delta T$ denotes the symmetric difference. If $ p \in (0,1)$ say that a finite subset $A \subset M$ is optimal at $p$ if $f_A(p) \ge f_B(p)$ for all subsets $B \subset M$ with $|B| = |A|$. Say that $A$ is optimal, if there is some $p \in (0,1)$ for which $A$ is optimal at $p$. Say that $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ if there is a permutation $\pi \in S_{\infty}$ (permutations of $\mathbb{N}$ which only move a finite set of elements) and a subset $T \in M$ such that $B = \{ \pi(S) \Delta T : S \in A \}$. It's easy to see that if $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ then $f_A(t) = f_B(t)$.
Another way of thinking of $M$ is to consider it to be infinite sequences of 0's and 1's with only a finite number of 1's (i.e. infinite bit-strings). Then cardinality becomes Hamming weight and symmetric difference becomes exclusive or. Isomorphic sets of bit-strings would be obtained from one another by permuting coordinates (every bit string in the set gets permuted in the same way), and then xoring everything with a common bit-string.
In (Gordon, Miller, Ostapenko) we proved that if $A$ is optimal then it is isomorphic to an order ideal for the order $\le_R$. For a fixed value $N$ for $|A|$ we were then able to make a search for all order ideals of size $N$, and then determine the optimal ones (for some $p$) among those. We were able to do this by looking at the subposet of $M$ of elements $S \in M$ such that $|\{ T : T \le_R S \}| \le N$. In particular we were interested in optimal sets whose cardinality is a power of 2. The search for cardinality 64 took about 1/2 hour. Unless we have a new idea the search for $N=128$ is out of the question. For $N=64$ there are _PHONE_ order ideals of cardinality 64, but less than 100 of them are optimal. Thus I was hoping that if there are theorems around about the structure of the order ideals of $M(\infty)$ that that might help us to make a more efficient search. In the previous question, Richard Stanley pointed out that the partial order that I was using had been studied before in one of his papers.
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Thank you for showing this problem. I assume in the definition of A isomorphic to B you want B= instead of A=. Also, I apologize for an earlier error. The partial order I and Libor Polak used involved multisets, not sets, of the positive integers. I shall contemplate upon this problem. Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:03
Also, it is easy for me to get confused. A in M suggests that A is a set of numbers. A finite set A from M is a finite subset of M. By a finite set A in M I am guessing you mean the latter, but I would expect A subset M instead of what you have, which is A in M. Can I consider it a typo, and mentally substitue the subset symbol for the member of symbol in those places to get your meaning? Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:11
_USER_: I fixed the typos (I think that I got all of them). One other thing: you can also define a different partial order on subsets of M: Say that $A \ge_D B$ if $f_A(t) \ge f_B(t)$ for all $t \in (0,1)$ (the $D$ is for dominates). It's necessary (but not sufficient) for $A$ to be maximal in this partial order (at least restricted to sets of cardinality $|A|$) in order for it to be optimal. I found empirically that almost all of the maximal sets for $N=64$ were optimal. – Victor Miller Aug 11 '11 at 22:36
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We all have a family. Even if not all of us are married or have children, many of us have siblings who do have children. We can create relationships with our nieces and nephews to become close to them, and to help our brothers and sisters with family difficulties. The Family: A Proclamation to the World states that, "Extended families should lend support when needed." Through the unique relationship that exists between aunts and uncles and nieces and nephews, there are many things that you can do to be a positive influence in your niece or nephew's life.
Why are the aunt and uncle relationships so unique?
For the most part, people can't choose whether or not to have a relationship with their parents. They grow up in the same house, they see each other and talk together daily, and they have an ongoing, hopefully positive relationship. Aunts and uncles have more freedom than parents in choosing to develop a relationship with a niece or nephew, and both must be interested in forming that bond. Aunts and uncles desiring to be close to their nieces and nephews can choose ways to interact with them that will strengthen their relationship (Langer & Ribarich, 2007). This suggests that you can create the kind of relationship that you want to have with your niece or nephew; there is no one pattern that you must follow. Another factor that distinguishes this relationship from other family ties is that it is less structured; there are many different roles that aunts and uncles can have, and to a certain extent they can choose which roles to cultivate.
A variety of roles
Role model. One of the most important roles for aunts and uncles is to be a role model. A role model is someone that influences our behavior just by us observing how they act. Aunts and uncles can influence their nieces and nephews just by what they do, without saying a word. Aunts can also show their nieces an example of what they may want to be. They can give examples of the roles of a career woman, a wife, a mom, and a productive citizen of society. If an aunt leads a different lifestyle than the child's mom, it can give the niece an alternate example of what she wants to do with her life (Ellingson & Sotirin, 2006).
One way that uncles can be a good role model is to show good examples of a masculine role (Milardo, 2010). They can teach their nephews that it is important to be kind to women and to help others. This can be particularly helpful if these children do not have a positive male figure in their home. It will benefit them to have a trusted adult to guide them rather than looking to their friends and the media.
Friend. As aunts and uncles do not have the responsibility of parenting, they can also be more of a friend with their nieces and nephews. An important quality that many nieces and nephews name in their parents' siblings is their ability to have fun. This friendship allows the aunts and nieces (or uncles and nephews) to be involved in common activities they enjoy, such as sports or shopping (Ellingson & Sotirin, 2006). Aunts can help foster enthusiasm in their favorite activities by sharing these interests with their nieces, which will help them to bond over those common interests. One important distinction between acting more like a parent and acting more like a friend is often reciprocity. Friends are more likely to give back to their friends with emotional support, advice, or suggestions. Milardo found that if you have this kind of relationship with your niece or nephew, they may be supporting you as you support them (2010).
Supplemental parents. One role that aunts and uncles often have that is very important is to act as supplemental parents. Aunts and uncles can be complementary to their siblings by providing additional support, to fill the needs that the parents are unable to take care of themselves. This can include providing another supportive adult that kids can go to, to do their hair before a school dance, or by helping to drive them to all the places they need to go. Uncles and aunts can also reinforce the ideas that parents are trying to teach, such as the importance of education or being kind to your siblings. Aunts and moms can collaborate on good parenting ideas for the child, and discuss parenting methods (Milardo, 2010). Through the aunt's unique relationship with her niece, she may have additional ideas for parenting to add to the mom's ideas.
Buffers between parents and children. Aunts and uncles can also act as intergenerational buffers. This means that they can help mediate the relationship between parent and child. Instead of siding with one or the other, uncles and aunts can help each family member to try and see the other's side of the argument (Milardo, 2010). Of course, you do not want to be constantly in the middle of their fights, but you can help soothe tensions that may exist between them.
There are also many other roles that you can take on; being a good listener, giving advice, providing unconditional support, or telling your nieces and nephews of their family history (Ellingson & Sotirin, 2006; Milardo, 2010). It's easy to get overwhelmed and to think that there's no way you can do all of these roles. The nice thing about being an aunt or uncle is that none of these roles are required; you can determine what you want to do. If you don't want to get in the middle of parents and children fighting, don't. If you want to play tennis with your niece, do! You can choose what roles and activities you have time for and are willing to do. Only you can determine what will be good for your relationship.
How to achieve a positive relationship with your nieces and nephews
Invest in the relationship. If you want to be close to your nieces and nephews, you need to take the first step and initiate contact. Children may feel too intimidated to talk to an adult, so you may need to make the first move if you want to become close to them (Milardo, 2010). Pashos and McBurney found that by proactively initiating a relationship with your niece or nephew, you are more likely to become close than if you wait for them to talk to you (2008). If you do choose to initiate a relationship, be committed to it. This will be a long relationship; you will always be their aunt or uncle (Milardo, 2010).
Keep in touch. According to the research by Milardo, social distance is more important than physical distance in relationships (2010). This means that living close to relatives does not guarantee closeness, and living far apart doesn't have to equal distance. Telephone calls, e-mail, webcams, and social networking sites can all be helpful in keeping touch with kin (Georgas et. al, 2001; Milardo, 2010). Some nieces and nephews may create blogs, or websites where they detail what is going on in their life|some families may find these helpful in keeping up-to-date on their family member's activities.
Provide emotional support. There are many ways to show emotional support. Many kids just need encouragement; you can encourage them to try out for the school play or the soccer team if they are nervous, or to try new things, or to be more positive (Ellingson & Sotirin, 2006). Milardo states in his research that you can also give advice through encouragement (2010). Knowing someone wants them to do well can motivate them. Continuity is an important part of this|being there when they need you is important (2010). It is more important that they know that they can depend on you if something happens, even if they don't actually need your support (Langer & Ribarich, 2007). Try to be understanding to what they are going through|you were a child once too (Milardo, 2010).
Enjoy common interests. When you find something in common that you both like, enjoy it together. If you both like rollerblading, take them to a rink and skate together. If they like movies, take them to the theater, just the two of you. When you enjoy spending time together, you are more likely to want to spend time together in the future. Your nieces and nephews should think of time with you as being fun, so try to think of fun things to do with them when they are around (2010). However, be careful not to interfere in their relationships with their parents. You don't want to replace the relationships of your nieces and nephews with their parents; you want to have your own unique relationship with them.
Strengthen family relationships. By keeping the extended family strong as a whole, you can become closer to your nieces and nephews. Family members become close if other family members are close. For instance, you will probably be closer to your nieces if you are closer to your sister, their mother. Your relationships with your siblings will have a big influence on your relationships with their children (2010). Parents can encourage their siblings and children to become close, if they want their sibling and child to have a good relationship. Aunts can support moms by reinforcing the teachings of the parents (2010). Don't encourage your nieces and nephews to disobey their parents; you want to teach them to respect their parents. If you don't respect your siblings, your nieces and nephews will learn not to respect them either


text: The objective of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Rapid Overt Reconnaissance (ROR) program and the Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project's LAMBS effort is to determine if electro-optical spectral discriminants exist that are useful for the detection of land mines in littoral regions. Statistically significant buried mine overburden and background signature data were collected over a wide spectral range (0.35 to 14??m) to identify robust spectral features that might serve as discriminants for new airborne sensor concepts. LAMBS has expanded previously collected databases to littoral areas - primarily dry and wet sandy soils - where tidal, surf, and wind conditions can severely modify spectral signatures. At AeroSense 2003, we reported completion of three buried mine collections at an inland bay, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico beach sites.1 We now report LAMBS spectral database analyses results using metrics which characterize the detection performance of general types of spectral detection algorithms. These metrics include mean contrast, spectral signal-to-clutter, covariance, information content, and spectral matched filter analyses. Detection performance of the buried land mines was analyzed with regard to burial age, background type, and environmental conditions. These analyses considered features observed due to particle size differences, surface roughness, surface moisture, and compositional differences.


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© 2006 – Routledge
Using our favourite Springfield family as a case study, Watching with The Simpsons examines the textual and social role of parody in offering critical commentary on other television programs and genres.
Jonathan Gray brings together textual theory, discussions of television and the public sphere, and ideas of parody and comedy. Including primary audience research, it focuses on how The Simpsons has been able to talk back to three of television's key genres - the sitcom, adverts and the news - and on how it holds the potential to short-circuit these genre's meanings, power, and effects by provoking reinterpretations and offering more media literate recontextualizations.
Examining television and media studies theory, the text of The Simpsons, and the show's audience, Gray attempts to fully situate the show's parody and humour within the lived realities of its audiences. In doing so, he further explores the possibilities for popular entertainment television to discuss issues of political and social importance.
A must read for any student of media studies.
'essential reading for fan and academic alike.' - The Velvet Light Trap
Part 1: Reading Through Intertextuality 1. Intertextuality and the Study of Texts Part 2: Watching with the Simpsons 2. Domesticom Parody, Genre, and Critical Intertextuality 3. Ad Parody and The Logic of Television 4. News Parody and the Public Sphere Part 3: Talking with the Simpsons 5. Parody and/as Interpretive Community 6 'The Simpsons Attitude' Conclusion


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Maybe you realized those apple trees you planted a few years ago can actually produce quite a bit of fruit. Or, maybe your neighbor has a tree. Maybe you joined a social media group and have listened to enough people talking about pressing apples that you want to have a go at it yourself. If you make hard cider long enough, you will eventually get pulled into pressing your own fruit. However, the biggest challenge can be figuring out how to actually turn those beautiful or even rather gnarly looking apples into as much juice as possible. How should you press apples to make hard cider?
If you read my articles, you will realize that I like making hard cider. You probably also realize that I enjoy homemade pizza. Lastly, you will know that I answer a lot of questions about hard cider with the same answer: it depends. This is because there really are no right or wrong ways to making hard cider. As I often note in my book, making cider is both art and science. Science doesn't define a right or wrong way of doing something. It only helps explain what you can expect when you take certain actions. You need art to make good cider and like all good artist, it take practice as well as experimentation. I say this because even something that sounds as simple as pressing apples into juice, isn't really that simple. It impacts your cider. There is no right or wrong way to do it. There are only various means to the end, and each means will have pros and cons.
Many people think of apple cider being pressed using some old wooden crank press like the one referenced in John Worlidge's Treatsie of Cider from 1675. The grand thing is that there are still many of these old presses and some modern interpretations of this style actively being used. However, that isn't the only means to press apples into juice to make cider. My main goal of this post is to help you assess what might be best for you and your current situation. It's also to let you know, there isn't really a right or wrong way so do what works for you. My goal is simply to help you understand what you might expect from each type so you can pick the option that's best for you.
Like hard cider styles, it impossible to categorize every type of cider press. However, you can put them into several general categories.
Traditional Grind & Press
The traditional method for juicing apples is the grind, scratter, scatter, or mill them and then press the pomace. Apples are relatively hard fruit with some being harder than others. To press them into juice you need to first break them down into smaller pieces. This is the traditional method and it is still the most common even for home hard cider makers. You can purchase scratters that are manual or electric but you can make your own. You can even just use a piece of wood in a bucket and pound apples into pulp. This pulp is then normally placed in sacks, bags, or some type of material that strains the solids from the juice during pressing. The press could be a small counter top model or a massive wooden structure. They can be basket style or pan style where the sacks of pomace, often called cheeses, are stack. The pressure can come from water (hydro press), hydraulic jacks, or manual screws. The yield, as defined by volume per weight of fruit, can vary greatly but is often defined by how much pressure you can apply and how the cheeses are arranged to enable the flow of juice.
- The yield can vary greatly but some presses, like bladder or hydro presses can be extremely efficient yielding one gallon per 13 pounds of apples (0.64 liter/kg) while others may require as much as 20 pounds per gallon (0.42 liters/kg).
- The use of pressing cloths provide a natural filter for suspended solids and can help provide a clearer juice.
- It permits the maceration of the pomace before pressing, which can breakdown pectin and provide tannin and color transfer from the peels and seeds. However, it is a two step process.
- It can require a lot of room and storage space for the scratter and press. Large wooden presses can have their own barn.
A more modern method is a direct press where you don't grind or scratter the apple. Instead the entire whole apple is pressed. Again, you can find commercial and countertop versions. The common commercial option in this category would be a belt press, which can also be used with milled fruit. Whole apples can be fed through rollers using a belt and crushed. The home cider maker's version of this would be the juicer. But, not all juicers are the same. You can find centrifugal juicers and masticating juicers. Centrifugal juicers grind the fruit into pieces and using high speed rotation, push the juice through a fine mesh screen. Masticating juicers use a slow rotating auger to crush whole fruits and push the juice through a screen. The nature of the centrifugal juicers means that you introduce a large amount of oxygen into the juice, which will often make it brown/amber. Note, this can help make this cider clear/silver (see Making Cider Silver). Masticating juicers will be more similar to belt presses and ultimately traditional presses with regards to oxidation. However, the will all need to be strained as they will have more solids in the juice.
- The yield can also vary depending on press type. However, the belt and masticating juicers will tend to produce higher yields. Centrifugal juicers will usually have a wetter pomace that you could press and remove juice. I average around 15 pounds per gallon of juice from my masticating juicer (0.56 liters/kg).
- You need an effective strainer to remove solids. I have used fine mesh stainless kitchen strainers with a rubber spatula but recently switched to a 0.75 micron brew/nut bag.
- You can't use maceration as a process step so pectic enzyme application happen only in the juice. If you want peel maceration, you can peel some apples before pressing and reserve the peels for use in fermentation.
- Most juicers don't like really soft fruit. You can end up with mushy applesauce versus juice if you juice really soft fruit. You often have to mix hard and soften together but your yield will suffer.
- Juicers are excellent for small batch single variety fermentations. You can juice 15-20 pounds of a single fruit type for a one-gallon batch and then move directly into the next variety.
- Juicers are compact and don't take up a lot of room. Also, you can use them for other applications like pressing other fruit adjuncts.
There are other methods used to extract juice from apples and pears. Some of these are related to how the fruit is broken down before pressing while others are related to how the juice is extracted.
Alternatives to Scrattering and Milling:
- Freezing: Freezing whole apples bursts the cells of the fruit eliminating the need to scratter or mill the apple into a pomace.
- Blender: You can use a blender to scratter your apples into a pomace but you need to take care that you don't over blend it and create a mush.
Alternatives to Pressing:
- Hand Press: Many first time makers will simply wrap the pomace with cheese cloth or a brew/nut bag and squeeze.
- Fruit Fermenting: Ever heard the term bletting? That is what happens when whole fruits naturally start to ferment or rot. It is used for pears and you could potentially do the same with apples. An alternative is when apples are chopped up, some water is added, and the fermentation is started using the entire fruit. You usually still need to press this pomace.
- Spin Dryer: I read a post online a while back about someone putting milled fruit in a pillow case and using a spin dryer to centrifuge the juice out of the pomace. It works and is another great example of an innovative alternative method.
I am sure I have missed other unusual and interesting methods of converting apples into juice for making hard cider. Some of these methods can create great yields. Others can significantly reduce the yield but may be your only option given your situation. Freezing apples and then thawing them can provide exceptional yields. The challenge can be on whether you have the ability to freeze a large quantity. If you live in Arizona, you would have to use a freezer. The other extreme is squeezing apples through cheese cloth that were diced using a food processor. This will work but expect a low yield. Most of these methods will also benefit from some type of strainer or filter to remove solids.
Ultimately, you need to consider the amount of apples you plan to process, how much room you have for storage, and how much money you can afford to spend. The juicer you already have or the freezer and stainless steel kitchen strainer might work great if you just want to process enough fruit for a gallon (3.8 liters) batch, which will normally be between 15-20 pounds of fruit. If you are doing multiple batches of 5 gallons (20 liters), a dedicated masticating juicer or large basket press might be in order. Once you start processing enough to make hundreds of gallons or liters, the post scratter method might become less attractive and a powerful mill and hydropress are probably better options. However, the main point to remember is that there is no wrong or right ways to get juice from your apples so don't let that keep you from trying to make some of your own cider.
Photo Credits: Special thanks to members of the Amateur Cider Making and Cider Apples & Cider Making groups


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Exhausted magnets recoveryHydrometallurgical processLiquid-solid dischargeNeodymium
The present invention concerns a hydrometallurgical process whose main purpose is the recovery of the materials that make up the exhausted permanent magnets; in particular the elements belonging to the group of rare earths such as Neodymium and Praseodymium and metals such as, among others, Iron and Nickel from Neodymium magnets.
Technical features
As the technique progresses, many commercial products, such as Hard Disk drives and audio products (microphones, loudspeakers, etc.), which contain magnets are replaced by new generations of products, posing a problem of disposing of Magnetic components. To date, the exhausted permanent magnets are mostly destined for landfill disposal. However, the need to reduce environmental contamination and conserve primary resources, has given rise to various mechanical, pyro and hydrometallurgical recovery technologies. As demonstrated by scientific literature, hydrometallurgical procedures are preferable to pyrometallurgical ones. The main disadvantage of hydrometallurgical processes, however, is the production of large quantities of solid and liquid waste that have a negative impact on the environment and human health if not properly disposed of. In this context, a team of researchers from the University of L'Aquila has developed an innovative process that allows the recovery of the above mentioned elements, not requiring significant quantities of costly chemical agents, nor hazardous wastes, in solid form and/or liquid, thus giving rise to an ecological and economic process.
Possible Applications
Recovery and recycling of industrial waste from:
 - Electrical and electronic industry;
 - Chemical and ceramic industry (Nd based catalysts);
 - Automotive industry (permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries).
 - Process more economical and environmentally sustainable than the ones currently in use;
 - High recovery rate (over 95%) of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Nickel and Iron compared to the quantities present in the source material;
 - Easy industrialisation.


Post-COVID Background Checks in Child Care Facilities
As a background check service provider, your responsibility is not just about offering data to organizations. It's about enabling them to reduce risks such as high insurance premiums, absenteeism, employee turnover, theft, accidents, and decreased productivity with the aim of protecting the company, its employees, and customers.
This is why it is crucial that your wholesale employment screening data provider takes note of emerging risks and collects the relevant data. At present, COVID-19 highlights the need to have an exemplary wholesale employee screening solutions partner with COVID-regulated data for child care.
As companies continue to resume operations and recalling staff, parents will need a safe environment to leave their children. Though there are child care facilities, they have been forced to operate below capacity due to social distancing regulations, resulting in limited options. This is especially so in urban areas where space was limited in the first place.
Also, amidst this pandemic, it's not just about finding a child care center for children but finding one where the necessary preventive and precautionary measures for COVID are implemented. This calls for child care facilities with responsible and reliable staff. As a result, there is a greater need to access reliable wholesale employment screening data to meet your clients' needs.
Why Demand for Child Care Facility Employment Screening Is Going Up
Based on present circumstances, it is highly likely that children will remain home beyond summer. In this case, the usual capacity within child care facilities will be unable to satisfy the demand. This has been highlighted in different states that had to pass special child care regulations for the COVID period.
One such regulation is the reservation of child care facilities for essential service providers. This includes law enforcement personnel and medical staff. As organizations recall staff back to work, they're being forced to address the challenges they face with childcare.
At first, employees reported to work in shifts to ensure that they can take care of their children. However, with this not being a desirable operation mode, companies are now creating in-facility child care centers for their staff.
To ensure the children's safety and resolve any concerns their employees may have, your wholesale employment screening partner should provide you with the relevant data.
Federal Law
Other than ensuring children's safety, new child care centers need to conduct background checks on employees in order to be compliant with the law. Under federal law, all state and federal criminal background checks must be implemented on child care providers by the state.
During screening, child care personnel are subjected to fingerprint checks on the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. This is to ensure that staff do not have a criminal history and are not a danger to children's health and safety.
Information on final dispositions for arrests on a person's rap sheet is not included in the FBI database. Therefore, your wholesale employment screening partner should provide you with data for local misdemeanors and felonies as you run checks on prospective hires for child care centers. Other areas to assist child care facilities as a background screening company is checking whether potential employees have a history of child neglect, abuse, or sexual offenses.
Screening is not limited to staff alone but should also include all adults who may have unsupervised access to children, including part-time employees, guests, and volunteers.
Why a Reliable Wholesale Employment Screening Partner Is Especially Important During the Covid-19 Pandemic
As new child care centers begin operations, employees are not only required to be conversant with child care but also COVID regulations. They need to ensure all children are screened upon entry, social distancing is observed, masks are worn, and proper sanitation practices maintained. This requires highly competent and responsible employees.
Are you in need of a dependable wholesale employment screening data provider? File Finders is a wholesale employment screening service provider committed to conducting thorough public record research to ensure clients have access to all the data available. Contact us today for thorough wholesale employment screening solutions.


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The n+ and n- are the positive and negative element nodes, respectively. The expr is an expression yielding the inductance in henries. This is the partial derivative of flux with respect to branch current, possibly as a function of other circuit variables. The keyword can alse be given as ''inductance'', or may be omitted since this is the default parameter. Note that the expression can depend on the branch current, in which case the device is nonlinear.
The second form allows specification of a polynomial inductance, which will take the form
Inductance = c0 + c1. i + c2. i2...where i is the current flowing through the device from the positive to the negative element nodes. There is no built-in limit to the number of terms.
The optional initial condition is the initial (time-zero) value of inductor current (in amps) that flows from n+, through the inductor, to n-. The initial conditions (if any) apply only when the uic option is specified in transient analysis.


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In some motion planning problems, you might not want just any valid path between your start and goal states. You might be interested in the shortest path, or perhaps the path that steers the farthest away from obstacles. In these cases you're looking for an optimal path: a path which satisfies your constraints (connects start and goal states without collisions) and also optimizes some path quality metric. Path length and path clearance are two examples of path quality metrics. Motion planners which attempt to optimize path quality metrics are known as optimizing planners.
In order to perform optimal planning, you need two things:
- A path quality metric, or optimization objective.
- An optimizing motion planner
You can specify a path quality metric using the
ompl::base::OptimizationObjective class. As for the optimizing planner, OMPL currently provides several planners that guarantee asymptotic optimality of returned solutions (see the list of available planners). You can find out more about asymptotic optimality in motion planning by checking out this paper by Karaman and Frazzoli.
CForest parallelization framework
OMPL includes support for the CForest parallelization framework, boosting the convergence of optimal planners. Learn more about CForest.
OMPL comes with several predefined optimization objectives:
- path length
- minimum path clearance
- general state cost integral
- mechanical work
Each of these optimization objectives defines a notion of the cost of a path. In OMPL we define cost as a value accrued over a motion in the robot's configuration space. In geometric planning, a motion is fully defined by a start state and an end state. By default, these objectives attempt to minimize the path cost, but this behavior can be customized. We also assume that the cost of an entire path can be broken down into an accumulation of the costs of the smaller motions that make up the path; the method of accumulation (e.g. summation, multiplication, etc.) can be customized.
OMPL also provides users with the ability to combine objectives for multi-objective optimal planning problems by using the
To maximize computational efficiency, OMPL assumes that the cost of a path can be represented with one
double value. In many problems one value will suffice to fully define the optimization objective, even if we're working with a multi-objective problem. In these cases, the cost of a path can be represented as a weighted sum of the costs of the path under each of the individual objectives which make up the multi-objective.
However, there are problems that cannot be exactly represented with this assumption. For instance, OMPL cannot represent a multi-objective which combines the following two objectives:
- minimizing path length
- maximizing minimum clearance
The reason why these two objectives cannot be combined is because we need more than one value to perform the accumulation of the path cost. We need one value to hold the accumulation of length along the path, and another value to hold the the minimum clearance value encountered so far in the path. Therefore, the multi-objective problems that cannot be represented in OMPL are those where the individual objectives do not share a cost accumulation function. We note that the above objective can be approximated by combining a path length objective with a state cost integral objective where state cost is a function of clearance.
Want to learn more?
Check out these tutorials:
and the optimal planning demo.


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The time it takes a part to make it from the beginning of the manufacturing process to the end is called the cycle time. That time is proportional to the amount of WIP (work in process) in the system. A simple example to illustrate how WIP effects cycle time is to consider the self serve carwash. In this example the carwash is a simple station where the car drives in and sprayers and brushes automatically move back and forth cleaning the car. After 5 minutes the car drives out clean and dry. The next car in line drives in as the car is moving out.
On a busy day it is not uncommon to see a line of cars waiting. When pulling up to a carwash with 5 cars in line, you know that even though the carwash takes 5 minutes, you have to wait for all the cars in front of you get clean before you get it. In this case your cycle time is the 25 minutes for the 5 cars ahead and then the 5 minutes it takes your car to clean. So the cycle time is 30 minutes. If there was only one car in front of you then the cycle time would be 10 minutes if there were 10 it would be much longer. The same is true in a manufacturing operation, the more parts in the queue, the longer the cycle time. For manufacturing systems that have many operations, even a small amount of product at each station can add up to a large overall cycle time.
Kanban is a method that keeps the in process inventory to a low level. It effectively prevents too much material being introduced into the system. This keeps the cycle time lower and helps manufacturing be more responsive as well as the company attaining better cash flows.
Packnet is not a manufacturing systems expert; we simply build good Kanban carts that help manufacturers control their inventory.


text: Return flow to groundwater is the quantity of water applied at or near the land surface which infiltrates back (returns) to the groundwater system. Common uses that lead to return flow are irrigation of agricultural fields, golf courses or lawns, domestic wastewater disposal through septic systems, and artificial recharge. Quantifying the amount of this applied water that percolates to the water table is necessary in many water-short western states to prove beneficial use, evaluate return flow credits, demonstrate the portion of a water right which can be transferred to another party, and for water banking computations in aquifer storage and recovery projects. Return flow analysis is also relevant to municipal water reuse projects, where the impacts to groundwater quality from landscape and golf course irrigation or artificial recharge with treated wastewater are a potential concern. The purpose of this paper is to describe return flow processes and methods available to quantify return flow to groundwater. The first part of the paper sets the statutory and regulatory contexts for return flow analyses. The second part of the paper deals with a review of the available methods to quantify return flow to groundwater. Although a very common method is the water balance approach applied at the point of use, with the corresponding assumption that the residual water component becomes deep percolation (return flow), we emphasize the less commonly used approaches that rely on data and computations in the vadose zone and in the aquifer.


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Public Transport Accessibility Index
Development of Transit Score measure for CANUE - Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium.
The Public Transport Accessibility Index (PTAI) was calculated based on the method described by Saghapour, 2016[1] to measure the access level to public transport for each census tract in different metropolitan areas of Canada. This approach consists of two main procedures. The first of them relates to the distances from points of interest and their closest stops/stations. The second one includes walking catchments and CTs population densities proportions calculations. The PTAI was calculated for each census tract. In addition, the access level was calculated for each DA. In this case, the proportions between population densities in different geographic levels were not considered. A flow chart is attached to visualize the algorithm.
Input Data
The input data for calculating the PTAI are as follows:
1. Geographic data at Census Tract (CT) level
This is a shapefile contains geographic features at CT level in cencus year 2016. CT are small, relatively stable geographic areas that have a population of less than 10, 000. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
2. Geographic data at Dissemination Area (DA) level
This is a shapefile contains geographic features at DA level in cencus year 2016. DA are small, relatively stable geographic unit composed of one or more adjacent dissemination blocks with an average population of 400 to 700 persons. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
3. Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF)
The PCCF provides a correspondence between the Canada postal code and geographic areas.
4. Road network data
This is transportation feature of topographic data at the scale of 1:50 000, in 2017.
5. General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data
A series of text files collected in a ZIP file. Each file models a particular aspect of transit information: stops, routes, trips and other schedule data.
6. Population data
This is an excel table contains population information in census year 2016. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
Preprocessing Steps
The preprocessing steps are as follows:
1. Divide the CT and DA data into provinces/territories and project them to North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic
Because the size of the dataset for whole Canada is large, it's easier to work with data at province/territory level. Projecting to the equal area coordinate system is because this coordinate system preserves areas and we will calculate area in the following steps.
2. Create population data table for each province/territory
3. Table joint between DA data and population data, calculate and add population density, population as new fields in DA attribute table
4. Create a summary table to calculate the population in each CT
5. Table join between CT and the summary table from step 4
6. Calculate the population density for CT, add population density, population as new fields in CT attribute table
7. Project DA and CT data to North_America_Equidistant_Conic
Later we will calculate distance, projecting to this coordinate system will get a more accurate result of distance.
8. Create CT and DA for cities using "select by attribute"
9. Create PCCF point feature and clip by the CT boundary
10. Create roads network for cities
 - Project the input data to North_America_Equidistant_Conic coordinate system
 - Clip the roads segment data using CT for cities boundaries, get roads line feature for cities
 - In Catalog, right click the roads line feature, click "New Network Dataset", and notice that the network dataset can be only created based on shapefile.
11. Download GTFS data for each city
This step can be done either by the script or manually, but it's important to check the format and the name of the files.
Steps (Demonstrated by the flow chart)
1. Estimation of the Service Frequency (SF) at each public transport access point from the timetables of each mode during the morning peak hours from 7 am to 9 am.
2. Walking Time (WT) calculations from the POI to the closest Service Access Point (SAP).
3. Calculating Total Access Time (TAT) that combines the WT and the Average Waiting Time (AWT).
4. Calculating Equivalent Doorstep Frequency (EF) for each point by dividing 30 (minutes) by TAT.
5. Estimation of the Weighted Equivalent Frequency (WEF) as a sum of all EDFs with a weighting factor in favour of the most dominant mode.
6. Calculation of the ratios between population densities in walk catchments areas and CT.
7. Calculate the PTAI
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text:
This article presents a detailed guide to remove unused old kernel images from the Debian system.
Remove Unused Old Kernel Images on Debian
To remove the unused old kernel images on Debian, follow the below-mentioned steps:
Step 1: Checking the Currently Used Kernel
To remove the old kernel, you must be logged into the new kernel, and to verify that, display the kernel you are using by running any the following command:
Step 2: Listing all Installed Kernels
Now to list all the installed kernels, run the below-mentioned command:
In the output, you will get the list of all the kernels, as shown in the image below:
Note: You might find some very old kernel-images in the list, as my system is updated so I only have new 5.10 version kernel images.
Step 3: Removing Unused Kernel Images
Once you have gotten the list of all installed kernel images, now you can remove all the kernel images that you think you don't need any longer, and for that use the below-written command:
Step 4: Auto Removing
In latest Linux systems, usually the unused packages are marked for un-installation, so to automatically clean the Debian system it's better to remove the unused kernel images by running the below-written command:
After following all of the above-mentioned steps, your Debian system will have more space on the disk and all the unused packages and kernel images will get removed from the system. You can reboot the system for a fresh start if you want but that is not mandatory.
To remove the old unused kernel images on Debian, firstly list all the installed kernels after which you can remove the old kernel images that are no longer required by running the "apt-get purge remove" command along with the name of the kernel image. Finally, run the auto-remove command to clean the system from unused packages and to free up the space on the system's disk.


text:
.
|Brugada algorithm; Figure 1 from Reference 5.|
You can link to the PV Card from ALiEM for the Brugada criteria here.
ii. R-wave to peak time at DII: This algorithm (also from Brugada) was published in 2010 as an attempt to develop simpler criteria utilizing only one lead. It was developed using an EP study as a gold standard. The basic premise is that if the R wave to peak time (duration from the onset of QRS depolarization onset until the first change of polarity) is > 50 ms in lead II, the diagnosis is Vtach. The authors reported a sensitivity and specificity for Vtach of 0.93 and 0.99, respectively.
|RWPT in lead II measurement. Figures 5 & 6 from Reference 6.|
One thing that you can see from their example (above) is that measuring RWPT really is not that straightforward. And practically speaking, a sensitivity of 93% really is not good enough. You can read more about this method at ALiEM here.
iii. Vereckei's algorithm for lead aVR, published in 2008, uses lead aVR to differentiate from Vtach vs. SVT with aberrancy:
The last step of this algorithm, Step 4, requires a calculated comparison of the distance traveled during the initial and concluding impulses of the QRS complex:
In the initial study, they reported a 96.5% sensitivity for the diagnosis of Ventricular tachycardia.


Image Gallery was deprecated in Tiki 4. We recommend using the File Gallery instead.
Image Look and Feel
Note: Prior to Tiki 4, the Look & Feel was called Site Identity.
How do I change the theme (skin)?
Use the Admin: Look & Feel page to select a default theme (set of templates and CSS style sheet) for your Tiki. Any CSS file in your../styles directory can be selected.
In addition to the themes included with the Tiki installation, you create your own custom themes.
For more information, see _URL_.
How do I change text size or colors of the theme?
To make global changes, edit the theme's CSS file
To make specific changes, use the appropriate wiki syntax to change text attributes.
Image Users and Groups
How can I "reset" the Admin login?
If you lose your admin password, you can reset it directly from the database.
Execute the following SQL statement on your database:
UPDATE 'users_users' SET 'password'='MYNEWPASS', 'hash'= md5('adminMYNEWPASS') WHERE 'login'='admin';
 - MYNEWPASS is a new password.
TIP: Always use a secure password.
How can I "restore" the Admin account?
If you accidentally deleted the admin account, you can restore it directly from the database.
Execute the following SQL statement on your database:
 - MYNEWPASS is a new password.
TIP: Always use a secure password.
Can I change the "admin" username to something else?
Tiki requires the username admin for your administrator account. You can add a new user (with any name) and grant this use all admin permissions, but you can't rename or remove admin. Be sure to give the admin a strong password. It is best to only have one user (admin) with god level permissions.
See admin or Permissions for details.
Image RSS Feeds
What types of RSS feeds does Tiki support?
Tiki can create an RSS feed for a specific Tiki feature (such as wiki, blog, and so on) that visitors can subscribe to. Tiki can syndicate a valid RSS feed from another website
How can I create an RSS feed for a Tiki feature?
Use the RSS Config page to configure your Tiki's RSS feeds, including a number of items to include, name, title, and so on. Your Tiki will now include an RSS link the bottom bar (if it is enabled) allowing users to subscribe to the RSS feed.
How can I syndicate an RSS feed from another site into my Tiki?
RSS feeds from other sites can be included in Tiki modules or wiki pages.
 1. Use the RSS Modules to create a new RSS module.
 2. Add the RSS module to a wiki area or module by using:
 {rss id=xx}
 Where xx is the ID that was assigned when you created the RSS module.
Image Security
I think I found a security vulnerability in Tiki. How should I report it?
Thank you! To allow us time to patch the system, please:
 1. Report the vulnerability by using the bug tracking system.
 - Use the security category.
 - DO NOT detail the vulnerability (so it cannot be exploited).
 2. Use _URL_ and security at tikiwiki.org to contact the Tiki Security team and detail the issue.
How do I keep my Tiki safe and secure?
 1. Keep your Tiki up to date. Security patches are included with each update.
 2. Use the Enter Tiki and Lock Installer option on the final page of the Tiki Installer to remove or rename your tiki-install.php file.
 3. Verify your directory permissions. Remember, 7-7-7 allows complete read/write/execution rights!
What is CSRF and how can I protect my Tiki?
Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) -— sometimes called "sea surfing" -— is a method of attacking a PHP-powered site.
To protect your Tiki, enable the Protect against CSRF option on the Admin: Security page.
Created by: Last Modification: Friday 20 September, 2019 15:54:58 GMT-0000 by drsassafras
List Slides


text:
What are goldsmiths renowned for? Give an example from the poem to justify your answer. Who are the patrons of the goldsmith? What does he make for them?
1. Gold ornaments like anklet, wristlet and rings.
2. Golden delicate and light-weight bells for pigeon's feet
3. Gold waist chains called girdles for dancers
4. gold sword covers known as sheaths for kings
- The goldsmiths are renowned for making jewelleries for personal adornment.
- They are making wristlet, anklet and ring for an example.
- The rich people, dancers and the king are the patrons as noted in the poem.
- Goldsmiths are making jewelleries for personal adornment and chain for the feet of blue pigeons. All these are for rich people like nobles and kings. They are also making golden girdles for the dancers and golden sheaths for keeping the king's swords.


text:
List of aviation terms
Wikimedia glossary list article
(Redirected from Landing)
The following is a list of terms commonly used in Aviation.
- Air cargo - Cargo that is moved using airplanes. Many companies that move cargo, such as FedEx and the US Postal Service, have their own airplanes for moving air cargo. Most large airports have entire sections of the airport and warehouses for dealing with air cargo.
- Airport - a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land.
- Arrival area (Arrivals) - The area of the terminal used for airplanes coming to the airport.
- Baggage - luggage and other items brought on the airplane by passengers. One piece of small baggage can often be brought on the airplane by the passenger. Large baggage (or if the is many small pieces) are kept in a special part of the airplane.
- Baggage area - The area of the airport terminal used for dealing with Baggage. These often have one or more large moving belt(s). The passengers wait at the belt for their baggage to move to them.
- Concessions - Businesses often inside the airport terminal. These usually sell food, beverages or retail goods such as book, magazines or souvenirs to passengers.
- Concourse - An open space for people to move around in an airport terminal.
- Departure area (Departures) - The area of the terminal for airplanes leaving the airport.
- Destination - The place an aircraft is going to. An aircraft may have more than one destination. This is because it takes people to many places along its travel. For example, an aircraft leaving Atlanta, may stop at Memphis, Dallas, and Boulder before finally stopping in San Diego. San Diego is its final destination on this travel, but the other cities are also destinations.
- Flight - The noun form of Fly. This is the term for what a person takes when they fly. She took a flight to Atlanta. It can also be used in the name of the trip - She took Flight 213 to Atlanta. If an airport had 500 flights that day, it means airplanes came to and left the airport 500 times that day.
- Domestic flight - A flight that starts and ends in the same country. This is usually between two cities in the same country. For example, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Los Angeles, California.
- International flight - A flight that starts in one county and ends in an other country. For example, from Moscow, Russia to Sydney, Australia.
- Gates - The areas on the concourse where passengers get on to the airplane
- Hangar - a large building which can store airplanes.
- Hub - The central location an airline uses for its operations. Most airlines keep their headquarters and maintenance facilities as at a single airport. Most flights from that airline go through this airport.
- Landing - The act of an airplane returning to the ground.
- Runway - The part of the airport where planes take off or land.
- Take-off - The act of an airplane leaving the ground.
- Terminal - The main building of an airport used by passengers and cargo.
- Tower - The tower in an airport is a building used for air traffic control.
- Aircraft - vehicle used for flying.
- Attack aircraft - A type of military aircraft used mainly to attack targets on the ground.
- Biplane - an aircraft with two sets of wings mounted one above the other.
- Fighter aircraft - A type of military airplane used mainly to fight with other airplanes.
- Fixed-wing aircraft - The type of aircraft commonly thought of by most people. It has wings that do not move. The wings on some fixed wing aircraft can move a small distance but are generally fixed in one position. For example, the wings on an F-14 can be rotated from a forward position (for better control at slow speed and for take off and landing) to a rear position (for better control at high speed). Most airplanes are fixed wing.
- Jet aircraft - Aircraft that use jet engines to make them move.
- Propeller powered aircraft - Aircraft that use propellers to make them move.
- Rotary wing aircraft - Aircraft such as Helicopters.
- Training aircraft - A type of military aircraft used mainly to train pilots.
- Triplane - An aircraft with three sets of wings. German World War I pilot Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron) is well known for flying a triplane.
- Water bomber - A type of aircraft used to fight the fire.


Determining if objects are permanently unavailable
You can determine if objects are permanently unavailable by making a request using the TSM administrative console.
Before you begin
About this task
This example is provided for your information only; this procedure cannot help you identify all failure conditions that may result in unavailable objects or tape volumes. For information about TSM administration, see TSM Server documentation.
 1. Log in to an Admin Node:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@Admin_Node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Identify the object or objects that could not be retrieved by the Archive Node:
 1. Go to the directory containing the audit log files: cd /var/local/audit/export
 The active audit log file is named audit.log. Once a day, the active audit.log file is saved, and a new audit.log file is started. The name of the saved file indicates when it was saved, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt. After a day, the saved file is compressed and renamed, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt.gz, which preserves the original date.
 2. Search the relevant audit log file for messages indicating that a retrieval failure occurred. For example, enter: grep ARCE audit.log | less -n
 When a retrieval fails, the ARCE audit message (Archive Object Retrieve End) displays ARUN (archive middleware unavailable) or GERR (general error) in the result field. The following example line from the audit log shows that the ARCE message terminated with the result ARUN for CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 See the instructions for understanding audit messages.
 3. Record the CBID of each object with a request failure.
 You might also want to record the following additional information used by the TSM to identify objects saved by the Archive Node:
 - File Space Name: Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Overview.
 The file space name is the Archive Node's node ID.
 - High Level Name: Equivalent to the volume ID assigned to the object by the Archive Node. The volume ID takes the form of a date (20091127), and is recorded as the VLID of the object in archive audit messages.
 - Low Level Name: Equivalent to the CBID assigned to an object by the StorageGRID system.
 4. Log out of the command shell: exit
 3. Check the TSM server to see if the objects identified in step 2 are permanently unavailable:
 1. Log in to the administrative console of the TSM server: dsmadmc
 Use the administrative user name and password that are configured for the ARC service. Enter the user name and password in the Grid Manager. (Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Configuration.)
 2. Determine if the object is permanently unavailable.
 For example, you might search the TSM activity log for a data integrity error for that object. The following example shows a search of the activity log for the past day for an object with CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 > query actlog begindate=-1 search=276C14E94082CC69
 12/21/2008 05:39:15 ANR0548W Retrieve or restore
 failed for session _PHONE_ for node DEV-ARC-20 (Bycast ARC)
 processing file space /_PHONE_ 4 for file /20081002/
 498D8A1F681F05B3 stored as Archive - data
 integrity error detected. (SESSION: _PHONE_)
 Note that depending on the nature of the error, the CBID might not be recorded in the TSM activity log. You might need to search the log for other TSM errors around the time of the request failure.
 3. If an entire tape is permanently unavailable, identify the CBIDs for all objects stored on that volume: query content TSM_Volume_Name
 where TSM_Volume_Name is the TSM name for the unavailable tape. The following is an example of the output for this command:
 > query content TSM-Volume-Name
 Node Name Type Filespace FSID Client's Name for File Name
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ F1D7FBC2B4B0779E
 The Client's Name for File Name" is the Archive Node volume ID (TSM "high level name") followed by the object's CBID (TSM "low level name). That is: /Archive Node volume ID /CBID or, in the first line of this example: /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 Recall also that the Filespace is the node ID of the Archive Node.
 You will need the CBID of each object stored on the volume and the node ID of the Archive Node to cancel the retrieval request in the next step.
 4. For each object that is permanently unavailable, cancel the retrieval request and inform the StorageGRID system that the object copy was lost:
 Attention: Use the ADE Console with caution. If the console is used improperly, it is possible to interrupt system operations and corrupt data. Enter commands carefully, and only use the commands documented in this procedure.
 1. If you are not already logged in to the Archive Node, log in as follows:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@grid_node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 4. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Access the ADE console of the ARC service: telnet localhost 1409
 3. Cancel the request for the object: /proc/BRTR/cancel -c CBID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM.
 If the only copies of the object are on tape, the "bulk retrieval" request is canceled with a message "1 requests canceled". If copies of the object exist elsewhere in the system, the object retrieval is processed by a different module so the response to the message is "0 requests canceled".
 4. Notify the StorageGRID system that an object copy has been lost and an additional copy must be made of the indicated object: /proc/CMSI/Object_Lost CBID node_ID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM server.
 For Archive Nodes, you cannot use a range of CBIDs.
 node_ID is the node ID of the Archive Node where the retrieval failed.
 In most cases, the StorageGRID system immediately begins to make additional copies of object data to ensure that the system's ILM policy is followed. In a StorageGRID system configured to use an ILM rule with only one active content placement instruction, copies of an object are not made. If an object is lost, it cannot be recovered. In this case, running the Object_Lost command purges the lost object's metadata from the StorageGRID system.
 When the Object_Lost command completes successfully, it returns the message CLOC_LOST_ANS returned result 'SUCS'.
 5. Exit the ADE Console: exit
 6. Log out of the Archive Node: exit
 5. Reset the value of Request Failures in the StorageGRID system:
 1. Go to Archive Node > ARC > Retrieve > Configuration, and select Reset Request Failure Count.
 2. Click Apply Changes.


Human Resources
A promotion is the advancement of a staff employee into a position that has significantly more responsibility, requires more advanced skills, and has greater decision-making authority. Generally, a promotion occurs on the date that the employee assumes the new role.
There is no amount that is standard for a salary increase in conjunction with a promotion. The amount of a promotion increase depends on the employee's current salary, as well as the salary of the new position. In rare cases, if an employee is already well-compensated, there may be no promotion increase to salary.
Salary increases that are not due to promotion, merit, or across-the-board rarely occur.