text:
Ducks are from the family Anatidae that has been on Earth before the pre-historic period. These aquatic birds are generally found near ponds, lakes, rivers, and seas. Also, ducks' vision is different from humans'. So, are ducks colorblind, or can they see more colors than us?
The answer is: Ducks are not colorblind. They can see colors more vibrantly than humans. They are tetrachromatic and can perceive reds, greens, yellows, blues, and ultraviolet much better than us. Also, ducks can distinguish thousands of color shades that are even invisible to a human eye.
They have excellent vision allows them to notice two to three times farther than humans. Like every bird, ducks are also primarily dependent on their vision.
Therefore, in this post, we will discuss more on Ducks' Vision and how do they see the world. So, without any further delay. Let's begin.
Are Ducks colorblind? Duck Vision
Ducks can see and recognize more colors than humans. They are tetrachromatic; it means the cones in their eyes can perceive ultraviolet, blue, green, and red colors from wavelength 300 nm to 700 nm. On the other hand, humans are trichromatic, meaning our cones are sensitive only to blue, green, and red colors from 380 nm to 750 nm.
Ducks can perceive a more comprehensive range of electromagnetic spectrum as compared to humans' visible spectrum. Additionally, their eyesight is more sensitive towards red, green, yellow, and blue colors.
It represents that they can see dazzling shades of these colors. Below we have inserted an image showing the absorption of the different colors in ducks' eyes.
The image demonstrates that ducks absorb blue, green, and red colors best at 445, 508, and 565 nm, whereas the human eye perceives colors best at 424, 530, and 560 nm. In this way, you can imagine how differently ducks can see the exact color compared to us.
Additional knowledgeThere are more than 167 species of ducks.
Do Ducks have good eyesight?
Ducks have excellent eyesight during the day. Their eyes are more sensitive to light and have more cones than rods, permitting them to perceive millions of color variations.
Ducks have a different eye mechanism where many powerful muscles control the curvature of their corneas and lenses. It enables them to see at a greater distance clearly. According to Ducks Unlimited, ducks can see three times farther than humans.
Not only this, the eyes of ducks comprise various sensitive cones that grant them superiority in color sensing capability over human vision. They carry on various day-to-day activities through their sharp vision like finding food, searching for mates, etc.
In a nutshell, ducks and geese can sense the environment twelve times better than humans during daylight.
However, ducks cannot see clearly at night because they have very few rods in their eyes compared to nocturnal birds. Still, they perceive the environment much better than humans in the dark.
Apart from their vision, they have other sensing abilities like beak sensitivity that allows them to navigate in low-light situations. Later in this post, we have discussed ducks' vision at night in detail.
Can Ducks see color? (What colors do ducks see)
Ducks have a vast number of cones in their eyes through which they can see thousands of color shades, including ultraviolet light. Their eyes sense ultraviolet, blue, green, yellow, and red colors vibrantly during daytime.
Ducks' vision is more titled towards blue-violet and green colors, whereas human vision is more focused on red-orange colors. Also, they have the ability to filter out specific colors to attain greater sensitivity selectively. As compared to humans, they see colors differently.
For Example, Ducks see red, green, and blue colors with more brightness in contrasting shades. Also, they cannot see black color; they can sense and detect it as a dark gray shade. In addition, they witness orange color in an obscure shape not as bright as we do.
However, in the dark, they don't have the ability to detect any color except ultraviolet rays.
Additional knowledgeDucks like the green color the most.
Can Ducks see in the dark? Duck Night Vision
Duck cannot visually discern in the dark but can sense their environment through various abilities. They don't have a special thin membrane in their eyes called tapetum lucidum that assists them in seeing in the dark. Therefore, they use beak sensitivity to search for their food at night.
Ducks' beak is covered with susceptible skin through which they can feel things, similar to our hands. In this way, they don't need their eyes to sense their food.
Ducks are generally diurnal but can change to nocturnal depending on geographical and weather conditions. Also, it can be seen that ducks usually migrate at night from one place to another, where their senses mainly guide them.
Most of the time, ducks love to sleep and take during the night. The nighttime is the ideal time for them to slow their senses and relax. But it doesn't mean that at night they are easy to catch.
Even in sleep, they are in the firm of intermittent alertness, and like other birds, they rest one side of their brain at one time. In this way, they can sense any predatory and react quickly.
How do Ducks see humans?
Ducks see humans the same as we see but with more color shades. They are tetrachromats and discern us with colors along with ultraviolet light. It means their vision comprises more blue-violet hues rather than red-orange like ours.
Ducks can also recognize their owners through their vision and beak. It is witnessed that they show too much affection to their caretakers in the form of a cuddle or pet.
In contrast, they also express their anger to other people. In brief, ducks can see and distinguish humans from other living beings.
However, the only catch is detailing. Their vision has slightly less detailing and sharpness as compared to humans. We see the world with more sharpness and clarity; however, among birds, only eagles have more sharp eyes than us.
Must ReadCan Eagles see in the Dark? Eagle Vision
How do Ducks see the world?
Ducks see the world predominately in blue-violet and green colors. They are monocular and have a wide range of vision that empowers them to perceive a vast area at one time.
Their eyes focus on area rather than depth and focus. Humans have binocular vision. It means our eyesight has depth, and we can focus on a particular entity simultaneously. In conclusion, ducks are not colorblind. They perceive colors better than us and see the world in different shades.
Duck Vision vs Human Vision
|Have tetrachromatic vision
|Have trichromatic vision
|Can see ultraviolet rays
|Cannot see ultraviolet rays
|Cannot see clearly in the dark
|Cannot see clearly in the dark
Here, we have discussed "Are Ducks colorblind," along with other relevant queries on their eyesight. We will be back with another post. Till then, stay tuned with us and read the articles below.
About Ducks by Ducks Unlimited
Meet Abhidept (nickname Monty), the visionary founder of How It See, being an engineering student, he's fueled by an insatiable curiosity about the world around him. He is captivated by an eclectic correlation between animal groups, science, and nature, and this fascination drives his quest for understanding.
After completing his degree, he's set on a mission to delve deep into the realm of nature, accumulating knowledge to share with you through his writing. In the meantime, he loves to watch anime and read anime.


text:
The Japanese flag (Hinomaru) Japanese t-shirts and gifts.
The Japanese flag is called Hinomaru, which
means circle of the sun. In English it is sometimes called the Rising
Sun. This flag has been used for over a thousand years
in Japanese history. It was officially adopted as the flag
of Imperial Japan on January 27, 1870.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: An emphasis of current proteomic research is the validation of plasma protein biomarkers. The process of blood collection itself is critical to the accuracy and reproducibility of quantitative biomarker assays. We have developed selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays to analyse thirteen abundant plasma proteins and evaluated the impact of three different blood collection tubes on the levels of these proteins. We also assessed the implications of the time taken to analyse plasma samples by evaluating the recovery of these proteins. We showed that SRM detects minor differences in the levels of some proteins which can be attributed to collection tube type. The average recovery for 12 of 18 assays was higher for proteins that were collected in tubes containing protease inhibitors compared to conventional collection tubes. For five of the assays, the differential recovery was statistically significant. Delaying MS analysis of a freeze-thawed sample for 1 hour showed greatly reduced recovery of these analytes; however differences attributed to tube type were only evident at the baseline timepoint. Finally, we assessed the natural variation of circulating levels of these proteins in a cohort of seven healthy individuals. This study provides useful information for researchers contemplating blood collection for undertaking protein biomarker studies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Running mypy and managing imports¶
The Getting started page should have already introduced you to the basics of how to run mypy – pass in the files and directories you want to type check via the command line:
$ mypy foo.py bar.py some_directory
This page discusses in more detail how exactly to specify what files you want mypy to type check, how mypy discovers imported modules, and recommendations on how to handle any issues you may encounter along the way.
If you are interested in learning about how to configure the actual way mypy type checks your code, see our The mypy command line guide.
Specifying code to be checked¶
Mypy lets you specify what files it should type check in several different ways.
First, you can pass in paths to Python files and directories you want to type check. For example:
$ mypy file_1.py foo/file_2.py file_3.pyi some/directory
The above command tells mypy it should type check all of the provided files together. In addition, mypy will recursively type check the entire contents of any provided directories.
For more details about how exactly this is done, see Mapping file paths to modules.
Second, you can use the
-mflag (long form:
--module) to specify a module name to be type checked. The name of a module is identical to the name you would use to import that module within a Python program. For example, running:
$ mypy -m html.parser
…will type check the module
html.parser(this happens to be a library stub).
Mypy will use an algorithm very similar to the one Python uses to find where modules and imports are located on the file system. For more details, see How imports are found.
Third, you can use the
--package) flag to specify a package to be (recursively) type checked. This flag is almost identical to the
-mflag except that if you give it a package name, mypy will recursively type check all submodules and subpackages of that package. For example, running:
$ mypy -p html
…will type check the entire
htmlpackage (of library stubs). In contrast, if we had used the
-mflag, mypy would have type checked just
__init__.pyfile and anything imported from there.
Note that we can specify multiple packages and modules on the command line. For example:
$ mypy --package p.a --package p.b --module c
$ mypy -c 'x = [1, 2]; print(x())'
…will type check the above string as a mini-program (and in this case, will report that
List[int]is not callable).
Reading a list of files from a file¶
Finally, any command-line argument starting with
@ reads additional
command-line arguments from the file following the
This is primarily useful if you have a file containing a list of files
that you want to be type-checked: instead of using shell syntax like:
$ mypy $(cat file_of_files.txt)
you can use this instead:
$ mypy _USER_.txt
This file can technically also contain any command line flag, not just file paths. However, if you want to configure many different flags, the recommended approach is to use a configuration file instead.
How mypy handles imports¶
When mypy encounters an
import statement, it will first
attempt to locate that module
or type stubs for that module in the file system. Mypy will then
type check the imported module. There are three different outcomes
of this process:
- Mypy is unable to follow the import: the module either does not exist, or is a third party library that does not use type hints.
- Mypy is able to follow and type check the import, but you did not want mypy to type check that module at all.
- Mypy is able to successfully both follow and type check the module, and you want mypy to type check that module.
The third outcome is what mypy will do in the ideal case. The following sections will discuss what to do in the other two cases.
When you import a module, mypy may report that it is unable to follow the import.
This can cause a lot of errors that look like the following:
main.py:1: error: No library stub file for standard library module 'antigravity' main.py:2: error: No library stub file for module 'flask' main.py:3: error: Cannot find implementation or library stub for module named 'this_module_does_not_exist'
There are several different things you can try doing, depending on the exact nature of the module.
If the module is a part of your own codebase, try:
Making sure your import does not contain a typo.
Reading the How imports are found section below to make sure you understand how exactly mypy searches for and finds modules and modify how you're invoking mypy accordingly.
Adding the directory containing that module to either the
MYPYPATHenvironment variable or the
mypy_pathconfig file option.
Note: if the module you are trying to import is actually a submodule of some package, you should add the directory containing the entire package to
MYPYPATH. For example, suppose you are trying to add the module
foo.bar.baz, which is located at
~/foo-project/src/foo/bar/baz.py. In this case, you should add
If the module is a third party library, you must make sure that there are type hints available for that library. Mypy by default will not attempt to infer the types of any 3rd party libraries you may have installed unless they either have declared themselves to be PEP 561 compliant stub package or have registered themselves on typeshed, the repository of types for the standard library and some 3rd party libraries.
If you are getting an import-related error, this means the library you are trying to use has done neither of these things. In that case, you can try:
Searching to see if there is a PEP 561 compliant stub package. corresponding to your third party library. Stub packages let you install type hints independently from the library itself.
Writing your own stub files containing type hints for the library. You can point mypy at your type hints either by passing them in via the command line, by adding the location to the
MYPYPATHenvironment variable, or by using the
mypy_pathconfig file option.
Note that if you decide to write your own stub files, they don't need to be complete! A good strategy is to add stubs for just the parts of the library you need and iterate on them over time.
If you want to share your work, you can try contributing your stubs back to the library – see our documentation on creating PEP 561 compliant packages.
If the module is a third party library, but you cannot find any existing type hints nor have time to write your own, you can silence the errors:
To silence a single missing import error, add a
# type: ignoreat the end of the line containing the import.
To silence all missing import imports errors from a single library, add a section to your mypy config file for that library setting
ignore_missing_importsto True. For example, suppose your codebase makes heavy use of an (untyped) library named
foobar. You can silence all import errors associated with that library and that library alone by adding the following section to your config file:
[mypy-foobar] ignore_missing_imports = True
Note: this option is equivalent to adding a
# type: ignoreto every import of
foobarin your codebase. For more information, see the documentation about configuring import discovery in config files.
To silence all missing import errors for all libraries in your codebase, invoke mypy with the
--ignore-missing-importscommand line flag or set the
ignore_missing_importsconfig file option to True in the global section of your mypy config file:
[mypy] ignore_missing_imports = True
We recommend using this approach only as a last resort: it's equivalent to adding a
# type: ignoreto all unresolved imports in your codebase.
If the module is a part of the standard library, try:
Updating mypy and re-running it. It's possible type hints for that corner of the standard library were added in a later version of mypy.
Filing a bug report on typeshed, the repository of type hints for the standard library that comes bundled with mypy. You can expedite this process by also submitting a pull request fixing the bug.
Changes to typeshed will come bundled with mypy the next time it's released. In the meantime, you can add a
# type: ignoreto silence any relevant errors. After upgrading, we recommend running mypy using the
--warn-unused-ignoresflag to help you find any
# type: ignoreannotations you no longer need.
Mypy is designed to doggedly follow all imports, even if the imported module is not a file you explicitly wanted mypy to check.
For example, suppose we have two modules
the former has type hints and the latter does not. We run
mypy -m mycode.foo and mypy discovers that
How do we want mypy to type check
mycode.bar? We can configure the
desired behavior by using the
--follow-imports flag. This flag
accepts one of four string values:
normal(the default) follows all imports normally and type checks all top level code (as well as the bodies of all functions and methods with at least one type annotation in the signature).
silentbehaves in the same way as
normalbut will additionally suppress any error messages.
skipwill not follow imports and instead


51st Shadow Division
51st shadow div.png
51st Shadow Division
Unit Profile (as of 3078)
Nickname Azrael's Terran Guard
Parent Formation Shadow Divisions
Formed Late 3060s
Disbanded 3078
Unit Description[edit]
The Fifty-first Shadow Division was an elite Word of Blake military formation that didn't appear until after the Jihad broke out. The unit was staffed by a mysterious group of cybernetically augmented warriors known as the Manei Domini, who were solely answerable to Precentor Apollyon. The unit was one of the first Shadow Divisions to see combat.
Case White[edit]
The unit was among the last of the Shadow Divisions to have been formed for the Manei Domini; it first saw combat in March 3068 on Terra. The Division was rushed into action ahead of schedule to deal with the coming Case White invasion. They ravaged the few Com Guard units that survived their landings in Northern Europe. In particular, they faced the 166th Division.[1] These conflicts required the support of TerraSec to slow down the invading ComGuard forces while the Fifty-first moved into position.[2]
Since the ComStar landings, the unit had remained garrisoned on Terra. It dispatched Level II formations to local inhabited settlements of the Terran star system. These included Titan, Io, Mars, Luna and Venus. [3]
The Fifty-first was destroyed in 3078 on Terra.[4]
Rank Name Command
Commanding Officers of 51st Shadow Division
Precentor Azrael 3068
The unit specialized in operations in its home Terran system.
 - Unknown*
Game Rules[edit]
The unit posses the common Shadow Divisions Force Specific abilities when using advanced rules in a scenario. When unit is being used on a planet or base within Terran star system, it presence negates all of the opposing special abilities. It also can use Forcing the Initiative and Overrun Combat abilities in a scenario. If the unit is deployed in combat scenario outside of the Terran solar system, it loses its ability to negate an opposing forces special abilities. [5]
 1. By the Sword
 2. Omega (Short Story)
 3. Jihad Secrets: The Blake Documents, p. 107 - "The 51st Shadow Division's unit brief".
 4. Jihad: Final Reckoning, p. 125, "Shadow Divisions Status"
 5. Jihad Secrets: The Blake Documents, p. 143 "Rules" Annex - Special Rules for the 51st Shadow Division.


Trace flags
Learn what trace flags can do from within SQL Server in this excerpt from "SQL Server 2000 for experienced DBAs" by Brian Knight.
The following excerpt, courtesy of McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, is from Chapter 5 of the book "SQL Server 2000 for...
Trace Flags
Trace flags are valuable DBA tools that allow you to enable or disable a database function temporarily. Once you turn on a trace flag, it remains on until you either manually turn it off or restart SQL Server. Some trace flags, like deadlock detection, should begin on startup.
Most trace flags are undocumented in SQL Server 2000, because they can slow down your system or allow you to make foolish decisions. In this section, I'll cover flags I've found to be useful, some of which are undocumented.
Setting Trace Flags
Turning on trace flags and setting them can be a little tricky, especially at a user level. You can turn on trace flags any one of four ways:
 - In Query Analyzer: You can use DBCC TRACEON at a connection or server level.
 - In Enterprise Manager: Right-click on the server name and click Properties. Under the General Tab, click Startup parameters. Type -Txxxx, where xxxx represents the trace flag number.
 - In the Services applet: Double-click on the MSSQLServer service and type Txxxx (where xxxx represents the trace flag number) in the Startup Parameters option in the General tab.
 - From a command prompt: You can stop the SQL Server service and then run it interactively from the command prompt by using the following command (may vary based on where you've installed SQL Server): C:Program Files Microsoft SQL ServerMSSQLbinnsqlservr Txxxx (where xxxx represents the trace flag).
 Only users in the sysadmin fixed server role can turn on trace flags.
 I prefer to generally stick with the first two options of setting trace flags. It's especially easy to turn on a trace flag using the DBCC TRACEON command. For example, if you want to enable trace flag 1807, use the following syntax:
 DBCC TRACEON(1807)
 Use the DBCC TRACEOFF command to disable traces.
 For either command, target multiple traces by separating each trace with a comma:
 DBCC TRACEOFF(1807, 3604)
 In the previous examples, this will only set the trace for the current connection (there are exceptions to this rule that I'll discuss in a moment). If you'd like to set the trace using the DBCC TRACEON command at a server level, you can use the -1 switch as shown here:
 DBCC TRACEON (8602, -1)
 Checking for Running Traces
 When you enable traces, it's a good idea to see if other traces are currently running on your system. If you're looking for a specific trace, use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command followed by the list of trace flags you want to check on. For example, the following syntax checks for trace flags 3604 and 1807:
 DBCC TRACESTATUS(3604, 1807)
 The resulting output displays in two columns: the trace flag is in one column, and the status (0 for off and 1 for on) is in the other column. It's not uncommon to be totally unaware of which traces are active. To enumerate a complete list of traces that are on, use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command followed by the (-1) parameter:
 Starting Traces Automatically
 You can start traces automatically when starting SQL Server by using the -T switch. Set the trace flags you want to execute at startup in the Startup Parameters dialog box (see Figure 5-9), which you reach by selecting Startup Parameters in the General tab of the Server Properties dialog box.
 Figure 5-9Adding trace flags to execute at startup
 In the Trenches
 I alluded to a few moments ago an interesting quirk with SQL Server. The quirk appears when you want to set a trace flag at an individual connection level. When this is set, SQL Server will apply the trace flag against anyone who has turned on an individual connection trace flag. For example, let's say you turned on trace flag 8602 for an individual connection:
 DBCC TRACEON (8602)
 Another user then turns on trace flag 8755 for his individual user connection: DBCC TRACEON (8755)
 You can then see the status of the trace flags and see that both are indeed turned on for each of the users. DBCC TRACESTATUS (-1) will result in: TraceFlag Status
 8602 1
 8755 1
 Apply Traces Among All Connections (-1)
 Normally, a trace that is set in Query Analyzer only applies at the client level. If you use the undocumented trace flag of -1, the system applies any traces you've set across all active and new connections. This trace is not reported when you use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command.
 Deadlock Information (1204)
 Detailed Deadlock Information (1205) This trace flag sends detailed information about the deadlock to the error log.
 Disable Parallel Checking (2528)
 Network Database Files (1807)
 SQL Server will not allow you to create a database or log file on a networked drive by default. If you attempt to do this, you receive error 5105, which states "Device Activation Error." The 1807 trace flag provides a workaround for this restriction, and you can create database files on a mapped drive or UNC path. However, just because you can do something doesn't mean you should. This trace is undocumented for a good reason. It is an incredibly bad idea to place a database file on a network drive. The support for this feature was added to help vendors like Network Appliance ( Storing data on a network drive opens another potential can of worms, because you must monitor and provide redundancy for that drive. If network connectivity is interrupted, your database goes down.
 Send Trace Output to Client (3604)
 Send Trace Output to Error Log (3605)
 Skip Automatic Recovery (3607)
 Skip Automatic Recovery Except Master (3608)
 Log Record for Connections (4013)
 Login: sa saSQL Query Analyzer(local)ODBCmaster, server
 Login: sa XANADUsaSQL Query Analyzer(local)ODBCmaster,
 Skip Startup Stored Procedures (4022)
 Ignore All Index Hints (8602)
 Disable Locking Hints (8755)
 Disable All Other Hints (8722)
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 - This was first published in July 2005
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Windows 10 users often want to know how can they turn on Bluetooth on their PC. Bluetooth helps you to share the files and folders from one device to another. Unlike other versions of Windows, it is a bit tricky to activate Bluetooth on Windows 10 version. Though it seems to be a complicated issue, there is a very simple way to fix this. If you invest some time in this article, then you can get a clear idea on how to turn on bluetooth on Windows 10.
Quick Ways To Turn On Bluetooth On Windows 10
You can easily turn on Bluetooth on your Windows 10 PC by these three steps:
- Hold down the Windows logo key and press 'I" on the keyboard.
- When the Settings window opens, click on 'Devices' and locate Bluetooth.
- Then check whether the toggle for Bluetooth is turned on or not. If not, then turn it on.
- If you cannot find the toggle for Bluetooth, then there might an issue with the Bluetooth on your PC.
- What To Do If You Can't Turn On Bluetooth On Windows 10?
In case if you can't turn on Bluetooth by following the above steps, then work your way down the methods mentioned below.
Method 1: Update The Bluetooth Driver
If you haven't updated the Bluetooth driver to its latest version, then this feature may not work on your PC. So follow the steps given below:
- Right-click on the Start icon on your Windows 10 PC and select Device Manager.
- Navigate to the Bluetooth section and locate 'Bluetooth Generic Adapter' under Network Adapters.
- You may also find the 'Bluetooth Generic Adapter' under Other devices if it is not available under Network Adapters.
- If you find one or more Bluetooth adapters, then your computer supports Bluetooth. If you can't find a single Bluetooth adapter, then it seems that your Windows 10 PC does not support Bluetooth.
- Now visit the manufacturer's website to look for the latest Bluetooth driver.
If the latest driver is available, then click on the 'Install' button to install the driver automatically on your PC.
- You can save your time by downloading a tool from a reliable website. It will scan your PC for driver issues and fix them within a few minutes.
- After downloading the tool, tap the 'Update' button next to 'Bluetooth Driver' to download the correct Bluetooth driver for your PC.
- Then you will need to install the downloaded driver manually on your PC.
- If you do not want to download the third-party tool, then tap the 'update' button next to 'Bluetooth driver' and choose 'Search automatically for the driver.'
- Windows starts searching automatically for an updated and compatible driver. It then downloads and installs it on your PC.
- After installing the updated driver, open the Settings app and check whether you can turn on the Bluetooth or not. If not, then proceed to the next method.
Method 2: Re-enable The Bluetooth Driver Software
- Right-click on the Start button and access Device Manager.
- Click on the 'View' tab and select 'Show hidden devices' from the drop-down menu.
- Navigate to the Bluetooth section, right-click on the 'Bluetooth Device' and choose 'Disable Device' option.
- Click 'Yes' on the confirmation window to disable the Bluetooth Driver software.
- Go back to the Bluetooth device, right-click on it and select 'Enable' to activate it again.
- Launch the Settings app on your PC to ensure that you are able to turn on the Bluetooth without any difficulty.
Method 3: Check The Bluetooth Support Service
- Hold down the Windows logo key and 'R' on the keyboard to start the 'Run' application.
- Then type 'services.msc' in the 'Run' dialog box and press 'Enter' or click 'OK.'
- Locate 'Bluetooth Support Service,' right-click on it and select 'Start.' Select 'Restart' if the 'Start' option is greyed out for some reason.
- Right-click on 'Bluetooth Support Service' and choose 'Properties.'
- Find out the 'Startup type,' set its value to 'Automatic' and hit the 'Apply' button.
- Use the process as we have discussed above to open the Settings app.
- Move on to the 'Device' section, select 'Bluetooth,' and turn on its toggle switch.
- Now check whether your PC is showing the device you want to connect to it.
- After that, select the device and click on the 'Pair' option.
If the device you would like to connect does not appear in the Bluetooth section, then perform these steps:
- Open Settings window and go to the 'Bluetooth and other Devices' section.
- Click on the '+' sign next to 'Add Bluetooth or other devices' and you will get a new window.
- Specify the type of device you want to add from the list of available devices on the 'Add a device' window.
- Now go back to the 'Device' section, turn on the bluetooth and ensure that it is displaying your device.
Method 4: Open Bluetooth From The Action Center
- Tap the Action Centre icon in the taskbar on your Windows PC and open this app.
- If Action Center does not appear in the taskbar, then press Windows key and 'A' simultaneously.
- Now navigate to the 'Quick Action' area and hit the 'Connect' button.
- Windows will display a list of all the enabled devices from where you have to select the specified device you want to connect through Bluetooth.
- Go to 'Bluetooth and other devices' section and check whether the device has been connected successfully or not.
- Slide the toggle switch to turn on Bluetooth and click on 'More Bluetooth Options' button.
- Now Bluetooth will work correctly and let you share your files and folders.
Hope your queries regarding Windows 10 how to turn bluetooth on is solved by following any of the four ways mentioned in this article.


PPL Tutor Help Center
The CAA e-Exams
Written by Karl Bunyan
Updated 4 months ago
All PPL Ground School exams in the UK are now taken through the CAA's e-Exam System. This differs from the old system in that there is now a much larger question bank, and questions are randomised (rather than being one of three non-changing papers). The syllabus, however, is the same.
At PPL Tutor we've always believed that the best way to prepare for the exams was also the best way to prepare for flying i.e. learn the material rather than just the answers. Although we realise that being able to practice the exact exams before you sit them "for real" is a real benefit, the larger question bank means that 1) there are many more questions a student would have to attempt to memorise, if that was how they wanted to pass and 2) it's much harder for any exam application to mirror that database.
Given that, we are taking the approach of expanding both our question banks and our revision content so we can help you to learn the subject, not just the questions.
Plus, of course, we provide all Air Law content for free. As this is generally the first exam to be taken then, as before, the best approach is to study and practice for this exam with PPL Tutor and if you think the application has helped you to pass then you can consider paying for the other subjects.
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Problems When Linking Objective-C and C++ Code
February 20, 2014
This article explains problems that occur interoperating between C, Objective-C, C++, and Objective-C++ code. All the samples below were tested on XCode 4.6.2 on the Apple LLVM 4.2 (Clang) and LLVM GCC 4.2 compilers, and also on the latest XCode 5. XCode 5.0 does not contain the GCC compiler anymore, so those examples were checked with Apple LLVM 5.0 (based on Clang).
Calling a C++ Function from Objective-C Code
Suppose you have a C++ function, which you need to call from Objective-C code. Here are the header file and the body code:
int DoSomethingCppFunction(int param);
int DoSomethingCppFunction(int param)
 cout << "param = " << param << endl;
 return param;
If you try to call this function from the Objective-C code, you'll get a linker error that says that the symbol is not found.
Solution: This error occurs because of the C++ name mangling. To turn it off, you need to add a specifier extern "C" to the declaration of the C++ function:
_TAG_ __cplusplus
extern "C" {
int DoSomethingCppFunction(int param);
_TAG_ __cplusplus
Calling an Inline C Function from Objective-C Code
Let's say you have this code in the file main.m:
_TAG_
inline void foo()
 printf("Hello, World\n");
 // insert code here...
 NSLog(@"Hello, World!");
 return 0;
Compiling this, you will get a linker error stating that the method foo is not found.
Solution: Inlined C functions are a new feature of C99/GNU99, which is turned on in the XCode project settings by default. If all of the declarations of an inline function in a module do not have a storage class specifier, then the module will not produce a callable copy of the function. This creates linker errors.
One way to fix it is to add a static modifier for the function foo. Another way is to change the C dialect to GNU89 in the settings.
Oddities While Linking an Objective-C Project for Mac OS X and a C++ Static Library
Suppose you have a static C++ library that contains the class:
 int addTwoNums(int a, int b);
File Test.cpp:
int Test::addTwoNums(int a, int b)
 return (a + b);
And you use this library in a simple console Objective-C application. If your compiler is the default Apple LLVM compiler, the result depends on which settings you use for the standard C++ library. Different combinations for using the application, library, and C++ runtime are shown below.
Case 1
app - libc++
library - libc++
Result: No linker errors.
Case 2
app - libstdc++
library - libc++
Result: No linker errors.
Case 3
app - libc++
library - libstdc++
Result: Linker errors
«Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std :: ios_base :: Init :: Init ()", referenced from:
___cxx_global_var_init in lib01SampleCppLibrary.a (Test.o)
"std :: ios_base :: Init :: ~ Init ()", referenced from:
___cxx_global_var_init in lib01SampleCppLibrary.a (Test.o)
ld: symbol (s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1
(use-v to see invocation) »
Case 4
app - libstdc++
library - libstdc++
Result: No linker errors.
Solution: Library libstdc++ is a part of GCC. It's old, and Apple has not supported GCC on Mac OS X for a long time. Although you can update it from the ports, you'll be better served by using libc++, which is newer and is supported by Apple.
Future posts will look at a few more kinds of interoperability errors between C/C++ and Objective-C.
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text:
It's grief that unites their devastated families, and an unwavering pursuit of change.
They want real punishment for the companies who've let them down in the most terrible way.
Statement from Schwing Australia
The death of Mr Catanzariti was a tragic loss of life.
Schwing Australia assisted with all inquiries and provided expert metallurgical evidence demonstrating that the failure of the bolts was attributable to the manufacturing process, which occurred outside Australia.
Schwing Australia made representations to the ACT Coroner, which were ultimately accepted, as to improvements that can be made to Australian Safety Standards to safeguard against a tragic accident like this occurring again. Those safeguards include ensuring bolts used in the context of securing booms are safe and ensuring the cycle of replacement of these bolts is appropriate.
Schwing Australia again extends its deepest condolences to the Catanzariti family.
Statement from Victorian Government spokesperson
Every life lost at a Victorian workplace is one too many. These laws will make our workplaces safer, hold employers to account, and most importantly give heartbroken families the justice they deserve.


C#!= Operator Tutorial - AmieDD
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C#!= Operator Tutorial
This C#!= Operator Tutorial _URL_ AmieDD - code, cosplay and games
About C#!= Operators
!= Not equal.Predefined value types, the inequality operator (!=) returns true if the values are different, false. If the reference types isn't a string,!= returns true if its two operands points to different objects. String type,!= compares the values of the strings.


text:
Milksha UK & NNECA Partnership
In 2022, Milksha UK have teamed up with NNECA, a charity that aims to protect children from abuse, through their prevent-ED campaign. As part of the campaign, Milksha have committed to raise money through regular sponsorship and activity events.
Milksha and NNECA aim to educate and empower over 50,000 children in the UK and across the world, and are both passionate and committed to keeping children safe and happy.
NNECA believe child sexual abuse is preventable through better education and awareness. We currently operate in the UK, Europe, US and Asia, and share our awareness material in over 50 countries across multiple languages.
NNECA believes schools must adopt a 'whole-school' approach to child sexual abuse, meaning every teacher, every staff member, every child and every parent are empowered and equipped with the relevant age-appropriate prevention training to identify the signs of abuse, and possess the knowledge for next steps.
We learnt the most effective prevention strategies revolved around early-stage education. Using this approach, we truly believe that 90% of child sexual abuse and exploitation is preventable through education and awareness.
Our PreventEd Legislation
Legislation to introduce mandatory accredited training for all teachers and school staff in child sexual abuse prevention. Schools need to adopt a "whole school" approach to tackling and preventing systematic abuse. This legislation looks for every staff member to understand, identify, and manage the reporting phase.
Should we succeed in our mission to push the government into changing legislation, the PreventEd training course will be delivered through online and mobile E-Learning applications providing the necessary flexibility for teachers. E-Learning allows continuous reinforcement of content and skills, and will allow all primary schools to be trained within months, unlike school-based workshop training. We advocate that the Department for Education certifies best practice guidelines and quality assurance.


text:
- stannous •
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Made of, containing, or otherwise pertaining to tin.
Notes: The active ingredient in fluoride toothpaste is stannous fluoride (SnF2), an antimicrobial chemical that bonds with the enamel to deter the effects of the acid and plaque buildup that eat away at the enamel. The acids and plaque are produced by microorganisms enjoying the carbohydrates and sugars in our mouths (another reason for reducing sugar and carbs). Of course, don't overdo it: you don't want stannous teeth like those of Jaws in the James Bond movies Moonraker and The Spy who Loved me.
In Play: The term stannous fluoride sounds so scientific that it is easy to overlook the fact that it refers to a common household metal. This word would have come in handy earlier in the century when wags called Henry Ford's Model T a Tin Lizzy. Owners could have retorted, "'Tis a Stannous Elizabeth that I own." It says the same thing but in classier terms. Wouldn't you rather eat food from a stannous container than a tin can? Are you musical or do you have a stannous ear. OK, OK, I'll stop.
Word History: Today's Good Word comes to us from Late Latin stannum "tin," originally an alloy of silver and lead. This word came from an earlier form, stagnum, whence Italian stagno, Spanish estaño, Portuguese estanho, Old French estain and Modern French étain. The Romance languages do not like words beginning with [s] + a consonant and resolve the problem by adding an initial [e]. Attaching the [e] still didn't satisfy the French, so they eliminated the [s] after appending the [e], hence étain. They do it all the time: état "state" and école "school". Stagnum may be of Celtic origin but that remains unclear.
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


How To Paint Wrought Iron Fence and Railings?
How To Paint Wrought Iron Fence
Admit it! You attempted to paint a wrought iron fence/railing, and you felt like this is the most challenging task you ever had to face.
And I know it is a difficult activity, which is why I've created the following step-by-step guide to help you paint a wrought iron fence with little to no hassle.
How to Paint a Wrought Iron Fence?
Follow these simple yet best ways to paint wrought iron railings and I am sure you will have your cast iron fence and railings painted within no time.
Step 1. Get the surface ready
As it is the case with almost anything, you need to start by preparing the wrought iron surface.
This means that you need to make sure there is no rust on your iron fence.
Our advice is to wear protective gear, including gloves and a mask, as the particles of rust can pose a health risk when removed from the railing fence.
Step 2. Remove the rust
So, you need to remove the rust, and you should start this process only after you put on the protective gear.
To remove the rust, you can use a steel brush or high grit sandpaper.
Keep in mind that it might take some time before you manage to clear the entire surface, as rust tends to be hard to remove.
Step 3. Clean the fence
Now that you removed rust, you need to clean the fence to make sure there is no debris left.
You can wash the fence with mineral spirits, as those will remove anything that might stick to your iron fence.
Step 4. Rinse with water
And, of course, after spraying mineral spirits and cleaning the face, it is best to rinse the fence with water.
Make sure you remove the substance entirely, as it can have a direct impact on how the paint adheres to your iron fence railing.
Step 5. Apply a primer
After the fence dries, you can start applying a primer.
Make sure you use only specially created priming material for metals like wrought iron, as it can make a lot of difference for your paint.
It can increase the lifespan of the paint as an excellent primer allows the paint to adhere adequately.
And, of course, will enable the primer to dry for at least 24 hours.
Step 6. Apply paint for metal surfaces
Follow the primer with a specially designed paint blend.
Make sure you use the specific paint that is designed for metal surfaces, as not all varnishes are the same.
For the application, it's recommended that you use a high-quality paint-brush and apply the paint in long even strokes very slowly.
Since you will be painting the thin metal railings, using a roller or a paint sprayer isn't a good option.
If used it can create lots of oversprays and hence wasted paint material.
Step 7. Follow up with several coats of paint
After the initial coat of paint, you can follow up with several layers. This will ensure you will achieve a smooth and pleasant finish.
But at the same time, it can boost the lifespan of your paint job.
Applying several paint layers to your wrought iron railing and fence can increase its ability to withstand wear and tear in time.
And as a result, you won't need to repaint it too often.
So, following these seven steps is the best way for you to paint a wrought iron fence. And we can tell you that it is rather simple.
All you have to do is be attentive to small details and make sure you apply the right paint to your fence.
What is the Best Paint for Wrought Iron Fence and Railings?
For me, Rust-Oleum Protective Enamel Paint that comes in the black satin finish has worked fabulously in most cases.
It offers excellent coverage and dries to the touch in about 2-4 hours.
Moreover, with its excellent rust prevention abilities, it can help keep the wrought iron fence just like new for very long.
For metal fencing, personally, I prefer using satin rather than flat paint because it helps in keeping some natural shine of the metal intact.
But remember, like oil and water, paint and metal do not tend to mix.
In other words, paint does not stick to metal the same way that it sticks to wood.
That is why professional painters will use a substance that is not paint – if they need to cover the surface of the metal.
Before we come to those best paints or substances that can be used for painting wrought iron railings, let us try to understand why metal resists paint in the first place?
The reason why paint tends to slide off most metal is pretty simple. The surface of metal consists of a crystalline structure.
This structure is what gives the metal its strength and why it is used for creating so many things such as skyscrapers.
It's also why metal is better than wood for use outdoors as it resists penetration by water.
However, this same crystalline structure that makes metal so strong also does not give the paint the irregularities its needs to stick to the surface.
Paint sticks because, at a microscopic level, many materials such as wood for example have imperfections that allow the paint to take hold.
The rough surface, pits, and the like give the paint something to hold on to when it dries.
Metal has few such imperfections, so the paint tends to slide off fairly easily.
What imperfections metal does have tends to keep paint from sticking as well.
This is because the surface consists of small pits or dents along with long crevasses that provide little grab for the paint.
But will allow water and oils to become trapped underneath which over time will disrupt the paint on the surface.
However, while most metal may resist paint, it does not resist oxidation which leads to it rusting fairly quickly unless protected.
So, What Paint to Use and How to Prevent Wrought Iron Fence from Rusting?
Before you go and pick the best type of paint for wrought iron fences and railings, be sure that you choose the right primer.
Priming your cast iron fence using a correct base coat (a rust-inhibiting primer base) is very important since this will decide how hard the top finish coat will adhere when you paint the railings.
For most of the bare wrought iron surfaces, acid-based metal-etching primer provides the lasting base that can help you provide a better-painted finish.
Make sure that you do not choose latex or acrylic primers as they will not bond very well to the wrought iron surface due to their smooth and nonporous qualities.
Now when you have picked the right primer, it's time to choose the best paint for the surface.
The two types of paints that are well-suited for outdoor wrought iron fencing are:
1- Enamel
Being highly durable, exterior-grade enamel is best for exterior conditions.
Painting your wrought iron railings with enamel will help them keep off rust, corrosion, and various other environmental conditions.
Plus, an exterior-grade enamel paint will provide an attractive finish to your railings as well.
2- Acrylic Based Latex Paint
Unlike ordinary latex paint that does not suit the exterior metal surfaces, acrylic latex paint provides better protection to the iron fencing because of its ability to expand and contract at high and low temperatures.
While paints might be an excellent rust-proofing material as it resists moisture, it does not stick to the bare wrought iron surface very well.
However, there are two other types of coatings that can help metal resist the oxidation process and stay sound.
You should definitely consider these options as well if you want to keep your railings in good condition for a long.
3- Pre-Galvanizing
In this method, a thin coating of zinc is applied to the surface.
It is the most effective coating that can be applied to metal which keeps it from oxidizing or rusting.
You can paint on a metal or wrought iron gate that is covered in zinc, but there are certain types of latex or oil-based paints that will not last very long.
This is because the zinc will react to the paint which causes a process known as saponification.
In other words, it creates a soapy substance that will have the paint slide off the surface in a short time.
4- Mill or Grease
This is a layer of grease that is placed on the surface of the steel.
This is used to prevent the metal from rusting when it is transported or stored before use.
The grease is well-suited to the task because it remains on top of the surface and does not seep inside.
Plus, one the temperature changes the grease can easily be removed from the metal surface.
You can heat treat or simply burn away the grease from the metal without damaging the surface when the protection is no longer needed.
However, depending on the size of the metal, it may be difficult to find a facility that can heat treat such large pieces.
That is why the pre-galvanizing process is more popular.
However, for small pieces that can easily be heat-treated in some manner, the mill coating tends to be better because it is easy to remove and is cheaper compared to pre-galvanization.
Welders for example can simply burn away the grease as they are doing their work.
Conversely, trying to burn off the layer of zinc may cause fumes that are a threat to those nearby.
In either case, the protection provided by the mill and pre-galvanization is now gone once the layer has been removed.
For welding, there may be other issues that need to be addressed.
How to Keep the Welds of Iron Railing from Rusting and Corroding?
For metal that has been welded, the use of grease or zinc as a coating does not tend to work very well


Astrophysics Source Code Library
Making codes discoverable since 1999
Searching for codes credited to 'Bressert, Eli'
[ascl:1208.017] APLpy: Astronomical Plotting Library in Python
APLpy (the Astronomical Plotting Library in Python) is a Python module for producing publication-quality plots of astronomical imaging data in FITS format. The module uses Matplotlib, a powerful and interactive plotting package. It is capable of creating output files in several graphical formats, including EPS, PDF, PS, PNG, and SVG. Plots can be made interactively or by using scripts, and can generate co-aligned FITS cubes to make three-color RGB images. It also offers different overlay capabilities, including contour sets, markers with customizable symbols, and coordinate grids, and a range of other useful features.


Monthly Archives: August 2019
What is fulgurite?
Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity that is five times hotter than the surface of the sun. When lightning strikes the ground, it is hot enough to fuse silica sand and clay together into fulgurites: shafts of glass produced … Continue reading
Category: Phenomena
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Do storms impact Arctic sea ice?
Category: Meteorology, Seasons
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What is warm rain?
Category: Meteorology, Tropical
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Why are there so few hurricanes every year?
We are about five weeks away from the climatological peak of the hurricane season, which stretches from early June to November.
During that period, even in a particularly active year, not many hurricanes actually develop. Forming over tropical oceans ensures that warm sea-surface temperature (SST) provides a mature hurricane with a means to warm and moisten the air that flows toward the important eye-wall convection. Thus, it is not surprising that hurricanes struggle to develop if the SST is not 79.7 degrees or warmer. Continue reading
Category: Severe Weather, Tropical
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text:
A new hybrid power plant to be built in Turkey will combine a traditional gas-fired steam turbine with solar thermal power and wind power, according to GE. It's a step toward integrating renewable sources into the traditional power grid, using steam and mirrors.
The solar component is a field of sun-tracking mirrors that will focus sunlight on a tower to produce steam, which will be fed into the steam turbine to increase the plant's output. A small wind farm connected to the plant will provide another 22 megawatts of power.The plant will produce 522 megawatts in total, with 450 of that coming from the natural gas plant, so its renewable portfolio is not exactly robust. But the real gain may be in the ease with which wind and solar are being added to the power grid. Instead of localized solar arrays, or distant behemoth wind farms, the renewable sources are being added to a traditional-style power plant. The varying systems can share a control center as well as connections to the grid, which can make them cheaper and easier to integrate. GE says it can cut the cost of a solar thermal system in half, according to Technology Review.
The natural gas component also smooths out the variability problems inherent in wind energy. When it's not blowing, natural gas will generate steam to spin the turbines.


Promising prospects for cooperation between DBDH and Castilla y León
Date: 12/11/2013
The memorandum of understanding between Castilla y León and DBDH, initiating the a partnership with the Spanish Bioenergy Association and regional politicians in the region of Castilla y León in Northern Spain seems very promising. The objective of the MOU is to promote renewable energy and make district heating more efficient in the region.
Through the cooperation DBDH intent to create a meeting platform for Danish and Spanish district heating companies and strengthen trading relationships between the two countries. The objective is to help establish Danish companies in the region thus enhancing the use of renewable energy in district heating plants.
Ever since 2006, the numbers of district heating plants in Spain have more than tripled. In the regions of the more cold areas of Spain, there is a rising need for Danish knowledge and technology in terms of heating. The Danish technology will make energy from heating plants more efficient. In addition, it will help to make use of the regions vast resources of forest and agriculture.
There have been a substantial amount of articles in the Spanish in the last days:
Castilla y León y Dinamarca se unen para promover redes de calefacción de biomasaí-en-castilla-y-león
Castilla y León y Dinamarca firman un acuerdo para compartir tecnología en sistemas de biomasa


text:
Amish children are 2 times more physically active than non-Amish children
Old Order Amish children are much more physically active and three times less likely to be overweight than non-Amish children, which may provide them with some long-term protection against developing Type 2 diabetes, University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers report in the journal Diabetes Care.
The researchers found that Amish children in Lancaster County, Pa., spent an additional 34 minutes a day in light physical activity, plus another 53 additional minutes a day in moderate to vigorous activity compared to non-Amish white children living nearby on Maryland's rural Eastern Shore. The amount of moderate to vigorous activity, which is important to cardiovascular health, was twice that of the non-Amish children. The level of physical activity was inversely correlated to their BMI, or body mass index, which is a measurement of body fat based on a person's height and weight.
"We know from our earlier research that Amish adults are just as overweight as non-Amish Americans of European origin, but they have half the incidence of Type 2 diabetes," says Soren Snitker, M.D., Ph.D., the study's senior author and an associate professor of medicine and pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "This study suggests that the Amish gain their excess weight relatively late in life, which may decrease their long-term risk of developing the disease." The number of years someone is obese is a risk factor for diabetes, irrespective of the person's age and current BMI.
Higher levels of physical activity and lower BMI are both protective against diabetes, Dr. Snitker says. Obesity is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
Dr. Snitker says that while it is unrealistic to imagine that the general public will adopt the Amish lifestyle in its entirety, the study results underscore the need for parents to encourage their children to be more physically active. "We may be able to learn something from the attitudes of the Amish," he says. "Whether children are physically active or not depends a lot on choices their parents make. Do they facilitate physically demanding activities for their children or do they allow them to spend long hours playing electronic games or watching television?"
E. Albert Reece, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., vice president for medical affairs at the University of Maryland and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and dean of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, says, "As America's children become increasingly overweight, they become more vulnerable to diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. The incidence of diabetes among our young people is rising at an alarming rate. This study by Dr. Snitker and his colleagues offers clear evidence of the benefits of exercise and maintaining a healthy body weight as reflected in the body mass index calculation."
The Old Order Amish in Lancaster County, Pa., trace their ancestry back 14 generations to a small group of Anabaptist Christians who came to Pennsylvania from Europe in the mid-1700s. They don't drive cars or have electricity in their homes and eschew many of the trappings of modern life.
The researchers compared data from 270 Old Order Amish children, ages 8 to 19, from Lancaster County and 229 children from Maryland's Eastern Shore. They measured the children's physical activity by having them wear a device to track their body movement, which allowed them to calculate how much energy they burned as a result of their activity.
Typical Amish children's activities include walking to school, playing with their friends, and performing chores.
"The Amish lifestyle affects the whole family, involving Old Order Amish (OOA) children in household or farming chores from an early age," the researchers note. "OOA children also seem to spend a substantial amount of time in outdoor play with their siblings and neighbors, facilitated by the large size of the OOA Amish nuclear family. OOA children do not use computers or electronic games, nor do they watch television. OOA children attend one-room school houses and almost always go outside for recess. Even the youngest OOA students use active transportation to get to school, generally walking in a group."
By comparison, non-Amish children "almost universally" travel to school and other destinations by bus or car, the researchers say.
Journal reference: Diabetes Care
Provided by University of Maryland
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(23) Anaktoron
by Anandi Salinas
6 years ago
Orthostate Structure
First half of the 4th century B.C.
Andesite fieldstone and tufa
Central Sanctuary
ca. 30.5 m x ca. 12 m
Early 3rd century B.C.
Andesite fieldstone
Central Sanctuary
ca. 31 m long
Early Imperial Period, early 1st century A.D.
Limestone, sandstone, stucco
Central Sanctuary
ca. 27 m x ca. 11.58 m
Three large, rectangular structures successively occupied the same general region at the northern end of the Central Sanctuary: the Orthostate Structure, the Proto-Anaktoron, and the Anaktoron. All three buildings are comparable in size and shape, and therefore likely served a similar purpose. The foundations of the earliest of these buildings, the Orthostate Structure, stretch from the southernmost part of the Anaktoron beneath the Rotunda of Arsinoe, breaking off south of the latter's foundations. The structure is oriented north-south. Two cross walls divide the space into a large, square central section (10 m x 12 m) and two small sections (10 m x.75 m each), one on the north end and one on the south end. The cross walls, which survive only in the lowest courses, are composed of tufa ashlars arranged as orthostates forming each face of the wall, bound by headers at regular intervals and capped by a string course. Only the groundplan of the structure is clear. It cannot be determined whether the divisions created walled rooms, nor can it be determined whether the structure was a roofed building or an open precinct. Along the eastern side of the structure is a low terrace formed by of boulder retaining wall. It could be earlier than the main structure and most likely functioned as a viewing area for those who attended the ceremonies. In the southern section of the Orthostate Structure, excavators discovered the remains of a sacrificial pit.
Anaktoron for web
To the north of the Orthostate Structure, but not as well preserved, lies the building called the Proto-Anaktoron. It too was a large, rectangular structure, approximately 31 m long. The eastern foundation of this structure is so eroded that it is impossible to estimate its width. It is hypothesized that the Proto-Anaktoron corresponds with the construction of the Rotunda, replacing the Orthostate Structure when it was covered by the construction of the Rotunda.
Anaktoron 003 map
It is likely that the same earthquake that caused widespread damage throughout the Sanctuary in the early Imperial period also destroyed the Proto-Anaktoron. The Anaktoron was then built in its wake. The Anaktoron faced west and could only be approached from the south. It was set deeply into the hillside in such a way that when approached in antiquity, the lower parts of its eastern and southern walls were not visible. Three doorways pierce the western wall. The walls were constructed with polygonally shaped limestone blocks, held together by mortar and supported by stone piers along the interior long walls. The walls and piers provide evidence that a timber roof enclosed the space and that the interior was covered by white stucco. The floor was higher in the northern section of the building and formed an inner sanctuary into which, Lehmann hypothesizes, pilgrims were only allowed to enter after initiation. The evidence for this assertion is a marble stele found in the vicinity, bearing an inscription that prohibited the entry of the uninitiated. Benches lined the eastern and northern walls of the main chamber.
JRM_20_ortho_structure map
The fact that three buildings of very similar design were successively built in the same area indicates the significance of this location and structure to the initiation rituals of the Samothracian mysteries. K. Lehmann identified the latest of these structures with the first level of initiation, myesis. However, in light of the discovery of the Hall of Choral Dancers, this function has been called into question.
Selected Bibliography:
Clinton, K. 2003. "Stages of initiation in the Eleusinian and Samothracian Mysteries,"
M. Cosmopoulos, ed. Greek Mysteries: The Archaeology and Ritual of Ancient Greek
Secret Cults.
New York, pp. 50-78.
rev. J.R. McCredie. Thessaloniki, pp. 56-72.
McCredie, J. R. 1979. "Samothrace: Supplementary Investigations, _PHONE_," Hesperia
48, pp. 27-35.


AI detects depression though voice
Researchers have improved an AI that detects depression from your voice. By analyzing the sound of people's voices, this AI can now detect whether they are depressed more accurately, say scientists at the University of Alberta.
AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. AI refers to software technologies that make intelligent devices like robots or computers think like humans. They also make them behave like humans. AI contrasts with NI or natural intelligence.
AI detects depression image 839893838389938938
Mashrura Tasnim and Eleni Stroulia presented their study and findings at the Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence (citation below).
Stroulia is a Professor of Computing Science at Alberta's Faculty of Science. Tasnim is a Graduate Student in Computing Science at Alberta.
Using machine learning to recognize depression
The researchers used two standard benchmark sets of audio recordings to develop a method that combined many machine-learning algorithms. The recordings were between 5 and 50 minutes long. The algorithms detected depression from acoustic cues more accurately.
Tasnim and Stroulia built on previous studies which found that the timbre of peoples voices contained data about their mood.
The researchers aim to develop helpful applications from the technology they have developed.
Prof. Stroulia explains:
"A realistic scenario is to have people use an app that will collect voice samples as they speak naturally. The app, running on the user's phone, will recognize and track indicators of mood, such as depression, over time."
"Much like you have a step counter on your phone, you could have a depression indicator based on your voice as you use the phone."
Depression in Canada
Approximately sixteen percent of women and eleven percent of men in Canada will have depressive symptoms during the course of their lives. Many Canadians aged twelve to nineteen, i.e., 3.2 million people, are also at risk of developing depression.
The authors believe that their tool could help individuals reflect on their own moods or mental state over time. It could also be used by health care professionals and providers.
Stroulia noted:
"This work, developing more accurate detection in standard benchmark data sets, is the first step."
Tasnim M., Stroulia E. (2019) Detecting Depression from Voice." In: Meurs MJ., Rudzicz F. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Canadian AI 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11489. Springer, Cham. DOI:
What is Artificial Intelligence?


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Let $N$ be a normal $p$-subgroup of finite centerless group $G$ such that $G/N\cong A_{5}$. Is it possible $G/N\cong \leq $Aut$(Z(N))$?
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Background, origin of problem, ideas, insights, self work...? – DonAntonio Oct 22 '12 at 17:37
Is this really the question you want? Every finite group is a subgroup of Aut(Z(N)) for some p-group N. – Jack Schmidt Oct 22 '12 at 17:42
What does $\cong\le$ mean? – Derek Holt Oct 22 '12 at 18:00
_USER_ "isomorphic to a subgroup" perhaps? – Alexander Gruber Oct 22 '12 at 21:37
_USER_: Isomorphic to a subgroup. This question related to my former question. – Ros Oct 23 '12 at 2:54
1 Answer 1
Let $p$ be a prime number and $Q$ be a finite group with no normal $p$-subgroups.
Define $N$ to be the direct sum of the simple $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}[Q]$-modules other than the trivial module. Then $Q$ acts faithfully on $N$, and no nonzero element of $N$ is centralized by all elements of $Q$. Notice $Z(N)=N$. Let $G$ be the semi-direct product of $Q$ acting on $N$.
Then $G$ is a finite centerless group with $G/N \cong Q$, and the map $gN \mapsto ( n \mapsto g^{-1} n g)$ is an injective homomorphism from $G/N$ into $\operatorname{Aut}(Z(N))$.
If $Q$ has normal $p$-subgroups, then $G$ is no-longer centerless, and we may need to choose a more complicated $N$ (still abelian, but possibly including the trivial module, and possibly not semi-simple) in order to embed $G/N$ in $\operatorname{Aut}(Z(N))$.
Of course for $A_5$ we need not worry about normal $p$-subgroups, and we can be pretty explicit about $N$. However, I don't understand what could motivate you to ask this question and suspect you meant to ask something else.
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BACKGROUND. Lack of investigatory and diagnostic tools has been a major contributing factor to the failure to mechanistically understand lymphedema and other lymphatic disorders in order to develop effective drug and surgical therapies. One difficulty has been understanding the true changes in lymph vessel pathology from standard 2D tissue sections. METHODS. VIPAR (volume information-based histopathological analysis by 3D reconstruction and data extraction), a light-sheet microscopy–based approach for the analysis of tissue biopsies, is based on digital reconstruction and visualization of microscopic image stacks. VIPAR allows semiautomated segmentation of the vasculature and subsequent nonbiased extraction of characteristic vessel shape and connectivity parameters. We applied VIPAR to analyze biopsies from healthy lymphedematous and lymphangiomatous skin. RESULTS. Digital 3D reconstruction provided a directly visually interpretable, comprehensive representation of the lymphatic and blood vessels in the analyzed tissue volumes. The most conspicuous features were disrupted lymphatic vessels in lymphedematous skin and a hyperplasia (4.36-fold lymphatic vessel volume increase) in the lymphangiomatous skin. Both abnormalities were detected by the connectivity analysis based on extracted vessel shape and structure data. The quantitative evaluation of extracted data revealed a significant reduction of lymphatic segment length (51.3% and 54.2%) and straightness (89.2% and 83.7%) for lymphedematous and lymphangiomatous skin, respectively. Blood vessel length was significantly increased in the lymphangiomatous sample (239.3%). CONCLUSION. VIPAR is a volume-based tissue reconstruction data extraction and analysis approach that successfully distinguished healthy from lymphedematous and lymphangiomatous skin. Its application is not limited to the vascular systems or skin. FUNDING. Max Planck Society, DFG (SFB 656), and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003.
René Hägerling, Dominik Drees, Aaron Scherzinger, Cathrin Dierkes, Silvia Martin-Almedina, Stefan Butz, Kristiana Gordon, Michael Schäfers, Klaus Hinrichs, Pia Ostergaard, Dietmar Vestweber, Tobias Goerge, Sahar Mansour, Xiaoyi Jiang, Peter S. Mortimer, Friedemann Kiefer
Spatial arrangement of blood and lymphatic vessels in the human dermis visualized by light-sheet–based microscopy.


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Alternative Title: "Meng ch'i pi t'an"
Learn about this topic in these articles:
discussed in biography
Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official whose famous work Mengxi bitan ("Brush Talks from Dream Brook" [Dream Brook was the name of his estate in Jingkou]) contains the first reference to the magnetic compass, the first description of movable type, and a fairly accurate explanation of the origin of fossils. The Mengxi...


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The making of a myth
The Spectator, 19 January 2013
When John Kelly was transported from Tipperary to Tasmania in 1841, for stealing pigs, he couldn't have imagined that 170 years later there'd be an exhibition of paintings of one of his offspring at Dublin's plush Museum of Modern Art (until 27 January). Yet here he is, Ned, the 19th-century Oz-born bushranger and cop-killer, as imagined by the Australian painter Sidney Nolan (1917–1992).
Painted in the 1940s, Nolan's Ned Kelly series deploys a childlike style to capture the criminal Kelly Gang's 1880 shoot-out with police.
In each painting Kelly wears his mysterious mask and hovers over the bloody action, more motif than man, as if observing his own canonisation into Oz legend. (Cont'd below.)
The exhibition reminds one how much the Kelly story is a creation of art rather than reality. Artists have long been drawn to the romance of the Kelly story. Peter Carey won the Booker Prize for his True History of the Kelly Gang. Mick Jagger and Heath Ledger have played Kelly in swashbuckling movies.
With that featureless mask, Ned has become a blank slate on to which creatives and philosophers project their ideals. Whether Aussie Robin Hood or anti-colonial rebel, his legend says more about us and our needs than about him and his deeds.
Indeed, Nolan, with his knowingly naive paintings of a helmeted hero of the Oz outback, is father to Ned the legend as much as John was to Ned the man. As Andrew Sayers of the National Museum of Australia says, 'Nolan's Kelly has become Ned Kelly.'
Read more of my articles for the Spectator and other publications here.


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While rebuilding index have used option 'SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON' in order to avoid unnecessary growing your user database files.
What does it exactly means?
Is complete process done on TempDB and does not grow mdf/ldf file size?
For example before reindex (database is in simple recovery mode), the largest index size in the database is 25GB
 -.mdf size (100GB allocated and used --> no freespace)
 -.ldf size (20GB)
 - TempDB has 200GB freespace
What will be the approximate size for.mdf &.ldf files. Are they grow or not?
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up vote 6 down vote accepted
This option only controls where intermediate sort space (not the index itself) is allocated from. See here for a more in-depth description of how tempdb is used when indexes are created.
You still need enough free space in the data file(s) to accomodate a second copy of the index, because SQL Server must lay down the new index before dropping the old one (it doesn't overwrite in-place).
The amount of space needed in the log file depends on the recovery model of the database. Check out this blog post for a comparison between FULL and BULK_LOGGED recovery models (SIMPLE would be the same as BULK_LOGGED -- in other words, minimally logged).
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When you rebuild an index the database engine creates what is called an "intermediate sort result." These intermediate results are like chunks that are combined to become your index and creating these chunks requires space. If it can the database engine will actually sort the index in memory; but if not it will store the intermediate results in the destination file group.
Using the SORT_IN_TEMPDB option asks SQL Server to store these intermediate results in TempDb instead of rebuilding them in the source database. When the TempDb resides on a different disk to the source database this can help the performance of the rebuild task and can reduce the performance impact on your database.
A requirement of rebuilding indexes is that you must have sufficient space (wherever you decide to build the index) to hold the largest index in your database: this in your example is 25GB. Which, if you use TempDb you should quite easily have.
As to whether your source database will grow, well I wouldn't rule it out but it won't grow anywhere near to what it would if you rebuilt the indexes within it. If you are concerned about this fact then take a copy of the database and put it in a test environment and try it out - it is the only way to really know for sure.
I hope this helps you.
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Evaluation of National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System in Nigeria, Jan-Dec 2014
National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) was established in Nigeria in 2006 to monitor influenza occurrence in humans in Nigeria and provide a foundation for detecting outbreaks of novel strains of influenza. The evaluation was conducted to assess the performance of the surveillance system from January to December 2014 and identify factors affecting the performance. The system was determined to be useful, flexible, acceptable, and simple. However, timeliness and stability need to be strengthened.


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Suppose you have to specify the moment in time when a given event occurred, a "zero time". The record must be accurate to the minute, and be obtainable even after thousands of years. All the measures of time we currently have are relative to a well defined zero, but the zero is not easy to backtrack exactly.
One possibility would be to take a sample of Carbon with a well defined, very accurate amount of 14C, and say: the event occurred when the 14C was x%. At any time, measuring the rate of decay, you would know when the event occurred. This however, requires a physical entity to measure, which may be lost.
Another way would be to give the time lapsed after a well defined series of solar eclipses. In order to define precisely the context, you would say a list of (say) five consecutive eclipses and the places on Earth where they were total, and then a time gap from the last of the set. At any time in the future, you can backtrack the specified conditions into a celestial mechanics program and find when the event occurred.
Is there a standardized or well recognized method to do so?


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New Work: Clock for an Architect
Privately commissioned to create a gift for an architect, Daniel Weil created a one-of-a-kind clock that is both simple and complex. Reducing objects to their component parts has long fascinated Weil. The Radio in a Bag he created for his degree show at the Royal College of Art three decades ago is an icon of 20th century industrial design. This clock is the latest demonstration of his interest in investigating not just how objects look, but how they work.
Constructed in ash and nickel-plated brass and silver, the clock is built of five separate elements. The numbers, both hours and minutes, are inscribed on the face and interior of a 9 3/4-inches diameter ring. The mechanism for setting the time connects with the central mechanism with visible rubber belts. A single AA battery provides power to the clock through visible power strips that are recessed in the assembly's base. (Note the different screws that support the battery stand, keyed to the positive and negative poles of the power source.) And, befitting the object's recipient, the housing for the central mechanism takes the form of, literally, a house.
"Objects like clocks are both prosaic and profound," says Weil. "Prosiac because of their ubiquity in everyday life, profound because of the mysterious nature of time itself. Time can be reduced to hours, minutes and seconds, just as a clock can be reduced to its component parts. This doesn't explain time, but in a way simply exposes its mysterious essence."


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PhosLube – Base Oils Aromatic Carbon Analysis
Aromatic carbon analysis within a lubricant mineral base oil is very important because content ranges can directly effect outcomes of other tests such as viscosity and boiling points. This analysis is typically performed via infrared spectroscopy, which focuses primarily on the electromagnetic spectrum (wavelengths and frequencies). This is a form of absorption spectroscopy, which measures absorption of radiation via frequency/wavelengths during interaction with the sample being analyzed. These tests are typically performed to determine particles amounts within a sample. PhosLube offers a number of tests for base oils, but aromatic carbon analysis may be the most common.


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The Carnegie brings the arts to Northern Kentucky schools
Help The Carnegie provide more arts workshops and residencies directly to local classrooms.
Each in-school program is designed to allow students the opportunity to create, perform and respond. They focus on combining the elements of dance, drama or visual arts with non-arts curriculum in order to strengthen creativity, problem solving, perseverance, communication and pride.
Teachers can select the programs for their students.
"I love how the instructors were so positive with the kids!" said a teacher who recently participated in the program. "They brought excitement into the classroom while they taught science curriculum, teamwork and performance. Love, love the program!"
Goals of the programs:
- Create an atmosphere where students can take creative risks and practice decision making.
- Reinforce positive behavior by developing an atmosphere of teamwork, respect and pride.
- Reinforce core curriculum with engaging, hands-on experiences.
- Positively impact students standardized test scores in the covered areas.
- Enhance the desire to learn and make an impact on the community.
- Document the program with photos and/or video.
How can you help?
Provide arts programming for $100 per contact hour to Northern Kentucky students.


Stoltenberg to head UN climate group
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Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg was named over the weekend to take over as chairman of the United Nations' High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing. He succeeds former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who recently resigned.
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg has a new, prestigious job with the UN. PHOTO: UN/Paulo Filgueiras
It's a prestigious job for Stoltenberg and Norway, and a challenging one, as he and fellow group members seek ways of financing measures to cut emissions and otherwise try to reverse climate change.
Norway, under Stoltenberg's left-center government, has pledged billions to preserve the world's rain forests, which Stoltenberg sees as the "cheapest" means of reducing harmful emissions. He also has played a leading role in climate change negotiations around the world.
He was appointed to the UN group just this past spring by the UN's secretary general, to mobilize the financing promised for efforts against climate change during the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen last December. Developed countries are charged with raising USD 30 billion by 2012 and USD 100 billion annually from 2020 to fund measures aimed at limiting global warming to an increase of 2 degrees Celsius.
Members of the group include the prime minister of Ethiopia, the president of Guyana, government ministers from around the world including the finance ministers for Mexico and Singapore, and financiers including the vice chairman of Deutsche Bank, the president of the African Development Bank and the director of the US National Economic Council.
Views and News staff


Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria introduces you to the most exciting archaeological finds and excavations in Bulgaria. Archaeology in Bulgaria encompasses the history of ancient Greece and Rome, the Thracians and the Varna culture dating back 8000 years.
archaeological tour bulgaria plovdiv
Visit ancient Philipopolis
The archaeological tour is a journey of discovery through layers of history that are still be unravelled. All the Mediterranean civilisations have left their mark on the lands now called Bulgaria: Romans, Greeks, Thracians and a much more ancient civilisation dating back over 8000 years, called the Varna culture that predates Sumer.
The tour can be lead by a classics or archaeological professor and supported by a local historical tour guide. It is usually 8 days but can be extended to 12 days. It is available from April to October.
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria is tailored to your personal preferences. On the basis of our experience of organising archaeological tours in Bulgaria we would recommend visiting:
 1. Sofia the ancient Roman Serdika where new excavations of the Roman garrison have been beautifully and controversially restored.
 2. Plovdiv known in ancient times as Philippopolis is at the cross-roads of the Via Diagonalis that connects East to West, Asia to Europe and just north of the Via Egnatia.
 3. Kazanluk is famous for the beautiful UNESCO World Heritage Thracian tomb with stunning frescoes of a couple.
 4. Perperikon is a huge and unexplained ritual site in the enchanted Rhodope mountains of Orpheus.
 5. Villa Armira is one of the best example of a Roman villa outside Italy with stunning mosaics.
 6. Sozopol on the Black sea coast was known as Apollonia Magna, an ancient Greek settlement that traded goods with the Thracians inland.
 7. Nesebar known as Mesemvria was a rival Greek colony and is now a beautiful UNESCO World Heritage site.
 8. Pomorie is mysterious piece of Thracian architecture shaped like the Tree of Life.
 9. Varna formerly Odessos is home to the remains of the Varna culture.
 10. Kabile is a recently excavated Roman settlement.
 11. Stara Zagora was known as Augusta Traiana in Roman and Beroe previously. It has many layers of history and its Roman amphitheatre has been restored.
 12. Nicopolis ad Istrum: A huge late Roman town in the Danube plain that is still being excavated.
During your journey you will hear of stories of Dionysus, Heros the Thracian horseman and Orpheus and the legends of nymphs and maenads.
archaeological tour bulgaria plovdiv
The Roman stadium in Plovdiv
Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria information
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria can be adapted to your personal preferences, time and budget.
Location: Bulgaria: Sofia, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Nesebar, Varna.
Time: 8 days
Itinerary: Arrival and departure in Sofia
Accommodation: 3 and 4 star hotels
Food: Full-board breakfasts, lunches and dinners included.
Price: around EUR 800 per person with discounts for children
Season: From April to October
Excluded: drinks, travel insurance,
More information and photos of the Archaeologicical Tour of Bulgaria.
As a tailor-made tour we offer options to tailor the journey to your personal interests. The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria can be adapted and extended to include:
 - Ruse and the Sveshtari Thracian tomb
 - Vratsa and the Rogazen treasure
 - Edirne the historical Ottoman city in Western Turkey
 - Thessaloniki in Northern Greece
 - Narrow-gauge train ride and a train ride with an old fashioned locomotive
 - We can combine it with the Classical Tour of Thrace that encompasses Northern Greece and Western Turkey
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Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria
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