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The Leominster canal ran just over 18 miles from Mamble to Leominster through 16 locks and a number of tunnels, some of which suffered engineering problems even before the canal opened.
Originally the canal was part of a much more ambitious plan to run 46 miles from Stourport to Kington.
Following the opening of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal in 1772, which linked the industrial Midlands to the River Severn at Stourport, the engineer Robert Whitworth proposed a canal to link Stourport to Hereford, passing through Pensax and Leominster in 1777.
Meetings were held at Leominster and Tenbury in 1789, at which it was decided to survey possible routes from Leominster to Stourport. Thomas Dadford Jr carried out the survey, and presented a plan to a meeting in December 1789 for a 31-mile (50 km) canal, costing £83,000, with estimated receipts of £4,300 per year. Three tunnels would be required, at Putnal Field, Southnet and Pensax.
Despite the low returns, a meeting in January 1790 decided to proceed with Dadford's Canal. A further meeting was held in Kington in April, and there were calls to build a connecting canal to the town. The two schemes became one, and the total length of the canal would be 46 miles (74 km). From Kington, locks would raise the level of the canal by 48 feet (15 m), and then it would fall by 496 feet (151 m) to reach the River Severn.
The lack of major towns or industries did not seem to worry the proposers, and an Act of Parliament was obtained on 13 May 1791, which allowed the Proprietors to raise £150,000, with another £40,000 if necessary. Dadford was appointed as Engineer, a position which he held until 1795, although he only devoted one-quarter of his time to the Leominster Canal, as he performed the same role for the Monmouthshire Canal and was contracted to them for the remaining three-quarters of his time.
Work began soon afterward his appointment, and by October 1794, the section from Woofferton near Tenbury to Marlbrook near Mamble was open for traffic.
The following year saw most of the section from Leominster to Woofferton completed, while beyond Marlbrook the 1,254-yard (1,147 m) Southnet tunnel was finished and work started on an aqueduct over the River Lugg at Kingsland. Around £90,000 had been spent to reach this stage.
There were problems with the Southnet tunnel, part of which collapsed in 1795. The Proprietors sought the advice of John Rennie, who criticised Dadford's work. He estimated that £20,000 would be required to rectify the existing works from Southnet to Leominster, and that another £135,937 would be needed to complete the project.
Undaunted, the Proprietors applied for a second Act of Parliament, which they obtained on 26 April 1796, authorising them to raise or borrow a further £180,000. The 330-yard (300 m) tunnel at Putnall Fields, which had proved very difficult to construct, was completed in July 1796, completing the route to Leominster, and creating a working canal which was 18.5 miles (29.8 km) long.
On 1 June 1797, a ceremonial cut was made on the banks of the River Severn, where the canal was eventually planned to join it, but only £62,582 had been raised under the terms of the second Act, and with some £25,000 owing, all work ceased.
In 1803, the Proprietors sought the advice of John Hodgkinson, as to how the canal could be completed. As a railway engineer, Hodgkinson recommended that railways should be built at either end of the existing section of canal, to connect to Kingston and Stourport. Although another Act of Parliament was obtained, no construction work took place.
Nine years later, they again approached Hodgkinson, and this time he suggested that they should abandon the authorised route to Stourport and extend the canal on a new alignment to the River Severn at Worcester. Nothing came of this plan, either.
In January 1794 the canal opened from Marlbrook to Woofferton and seven boatloads of coal were transported from the Mamble collieries on the first day.
Engineering difficulties delayed the opening of Putnall Tunnel (south of Woofferton) until 1796.
By the end of that year an 18.5 miles (29.8 km) stretch of the canal was open between Marlbrook and Leominster and on the first day 14 boatloads of coal arrived in Leominster. Coal from the Mamble collieries was brought down the hill on tramways to Southnet wharf, where it was loaded onto barges and transported to Leominster.
For the next 60 years the canal carried coal to Leominster, enabling the Mamble collieries to prosper. However the traffic from Mamble Colliery was not sufficient to run the canal at a profit, so the owners were constantly seeking to extend it eastwards to meet the River Severn, although this never materialised.
The canal never paid a dividend. What little money was collected was mostly paid for tolls on the transport of coal.
In 1858, after sustained pressure by the Canal Company, the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway paid £12,000 for the canal, which valued each £100 share at £16, and drained it soon after to sell the land.
Part of the route was subsequently used for the railway that connected Woofferton to Bewdley via Tenbury Wells station, which was actually in Burford, not Tenbury Wells.
Although the canal has been closed for over 150 years, there are some remains left, including an aqueduct over the River Rea, and parts of a 3-arched aqueduct over the River Teme. The centre arch of the latter was destroyed as part of an explosives exercise during the Second World War.


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Can Flood Geology Explain Thick Chalk Beds?
by Andrew A. Snelling, Ph.D.
Published in: Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, volume 8, number 1, pp. 11-15.
© 1994 Creation Science Foundation Published with permission. All rights reserved.
Most people would have heard of, or seen (whether in person or in photographs), the famous White Cliffs of Dover in southern England. The same beds of chalk are also found along the coast of France on the other side of the English Channel. The chalk beds extend inland across England and northern France, being found as far north and west as the Antrim Coast and adjoining areas of Northern Ireland. Extensive chalk beds are also found in North America, through Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee (the Selma Chalk), in Nebraska and adjoining states (the Niobrara Chalk), and in Kansas (the Fort Hayes Chalk) (Pettijohn, 1957).
Chalk Beds, Flood Geology, Hardgrounds
For Full Text
Please see the Download PDF link above for the entire article.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Moving On Up: Lifelike Spontaneous Motion Seen In Lab Created GelBrandeis University researchers have created an organic gel that, despite being lifeless, seems to move of its own volition. While the movements are too small to be seen with the naked eye, when viewed under a microscope, microtubules in the gel flow of their own accord, moving like living cells viewed on a slide. You can take a look at the surprisingly soothing motion of this groundbreaking goo after the break.Read on...
Study: Emperor Penguins Do The Wave
Taking turns seems like an easy enough concept (though lets be honest, it's not.) But for the thousands of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) that call Antarctica's vast ice sheets home, taking turns to stay warm is a highly complex affair.
A team of researchers, led in part by scientists from the Department of Physics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany, set up a time lapse camera to track the movements of a pack of penguins near the Neumayer Antarctic Research Station. When sped up, the video showed subtle movements that hadn't been noticed through observation of the pack with the naked eye. The penguins, in their own way, do a version of the wave with coordinated movements that radiate through the group.Read on...


How To Photograph Cigarette Smoke (Step By Step)
Although we really shouldn't condone smoking due to its health implications, as artists, we have to admit that there is something really beautiful about the smoke itself. From the patterns it creates to how smoke dances in the light, there is a lot of opportunity for stunning images at the butt of a cigarette. Here is our step-by-step guide on how to take advantage of this phenomena!
Step 1: Choose the Right Lens
Everything comes down to how the final image looks! Although the camera plays a much more minor role in this specific type of photography, the lens plays a tremendous one. The optics you are using will affect perspective, field of view, and the depth of field.
First thing's first, determine how close or far away from the smoke you will be. For the most part, photographers choose standard lenses or telephoto lenses for this type of work, rather than wide angle lenses.
Wide angle lenses have a wide field of view, not really useful for something like cigarette smoke which can be fairly small!
Standard lenses range from 35mm all the way to 70mm and are amongst the easiest lenses to use because they feature no distortion (the glass is flat). Standard lenses are the closest to the human eye and what you see, which makes these millimeters popular choices for easier photography compositions. These lenses are also commonly seen with wide apertures, which is great for smoke photography because you can just focus on the smoke and blur the rest of the background away.
You may not initially consider telephoto lenses for smoke photography, but they can actually work out really great! Telephoto lenses are long lenses that can remind you a bit of a telescope. These lenses can zoom you very close to your subject! They range in millimeters from 70mm all the way to 300mm. Although commonly used by sport and animal photographers, there is something magical that happens when you use a telephoto lens for non-sporting subjects: the zoom range actually creates an optical compression when used, which creates more flattering proportions and perspective on whatever subject you capture! Plus the bonus of not needing to be near the smoke.
So needless to say, step one is determining the lens you want to use.
Step 2: Find a Good Light Source
Next, you need to find a good light source. Even when looking at smoke with the naked eye, you may have noticed that it tends to disappear in direct light and really shows its shape prominently in backlighting. As such, you need to apply these principles to your smoke photography.
Look for a light source that positions behind your subject rather than in front. As well, it's a good idea to have the light source be behind but from below so it doesn't overtake the smoke and cause it to be lost as well!
You can do this with natural, ambient light that is available at your shooting location or with an artificial light. Video lights that are continuous and don't flash work very nicely.
Step 3: Adjust Camera Settings
Now, the trickier part… camera settings. Camera settings are very dependent upon your location, the type of lighting, and the type of look you're wanting to capture. Set the camera to M (Manual) mode and focus on the exposure equation:
The ISO controls how the sensor responds to the light that hits it, whether it's sensitive to the light (because there is less of it) or not very sensitive to the light (because there is more of it).
The shutter speed is how fast your camera takes the photograph.
The aperture controls how much light does (or doesn't) hit your sensor.
For cigarette smoke photography, you'll likely want to freeze the smoke so you can capture it dancing in the air, so the priority will be your shutter speed first. The higher the shutter speed number, the more frozen the action will be (but the photograph will be darker). The lower the shutter speed number, the more motion blur your photograph will have (but the photograph will be lighter). For smoke, a minimum shutter speed of 1/300 can suffice.
Next, you'll probably want to make sure that the smoke is nicely isolated from the background and foreground. The lower the aperture number, the more light the camera lets in. The higher the aperture number, the less light the camera lets in. The lower the aperture number, the shallower the depth of field. The larger the aperture number, the deeper the depth of field. An F/2.8 is pretty excellent. Now, to go back to lens choice, the widest aperture is determined by the lensnot the camera. If you have an F/4 lens, for example, it cannot widen to F/2.8.
Then, you'll need to find an ISO that balances out the shutter speed and aperture setting. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive the camera is to light (but the less noise the photograph has). The higher the ISO number, the more sensitive the camera is to light (but the more noise the photograph has). Noise are the obnoxious little specks you see in photographs.
As well as this, cameras can sometimes have a hard time focusing on cigarette smoke because it can be so pale and fleeting. To help with focus, set your camera to the proper autofocus mode. By default, your camera is set to One-Shot right out of the box. One-Shot achieves automatic focus on your subject for only one image, not applicable for moving smoke. As such, switch the camera over to Continuous Focus. For this, the camera's focus keeps refocusing on the subject as it moves.
Then, utilize your Autofocus Points. These points tell you (and the camera) where to focus. Each point refers to an area the camera is able to focus on. By switching to a mode such as AF Selection, you can tell the camera exactly what points you need it to use to focus on your subject!
Step 4: Compose the Shot
Composition is everything! Composition is the arrangement of everything in a shotfrom the subject, to the background, and even the foreground.
For smoke, because it is something that moves, the primary compositional rule you'll want to focus on is the sense of implied movement. Implied sense of movement means the direction that you think the movement will go in a still image. How this factors into composition is that you always want to leave more negative space in the direction of implied movement. This keeps your photograph from feeling claustrophobic or too abruptly cropped.
So if the smoke is blowing to the left, you want more negative space to the left of the frame, to give the smoke some room to go!
Step 5: Direct Your Subject and Click!
You don't want to run out of smoke before you're ready to take the shot! Direct your subject to light the cigarette and start puffing after you've done the aforementioned four steps. Then aim your camera, get the focus, and take the shot!
In closing, these five simple steps should aid you in capturing some dramatic and fun smoke shots.
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Nov 19, 2012
Definite Atonement XV
Christ Died For All
The fact that the KJV says that Christ died "for every man" is no proof that "every man" means all men without exception.
John Owen wrote:
Owen clearly shows that the term "every man" does not always mean every man without exception, citing Col. 1: 28 as an example. I do not know of any advocate of general atonement who will insist that "every man" in Col. 1: 28 literally means every man without exception; And, if they admit that "every man" does not always mean every man without exception in certain passages, then how can they insist that "every man" means such in Hebrews 2: 9? All they can say is that the context determines whether "every man" means every person in the world. But, what is there in the context of Hebrews 2: 9 that forces us to interpret "every man" to mean every person without exception?
It would give weight to the general atonement view if "anthropos" (man) were actually used in the original Greek, as the KJV seems to imply. But, its absence takes away support from such a view. Christ tasted death "for each." But, each of what class? From the class of men in general? Does the context support that supposition? It seems to me that there is greater weight for supposing that the group alluded to is the elect and not mankind. Paul says that the purpose of Christ becoming incarnate was in order to "bring many sons unto glory," those who compose the "church" or "brethren" of Christ. Again, it would be absurd to think that Christ tasted death for Cain, Pharoah, Baalim, and Esau.
When Paul said that he preached to "every man," he did not mean that he did this to every person of the human race, but that he preached the Gospel to all men he met, without any restriction. Thus, as the advocates for special atonement aver, "every man" and "all men" are terms that often mean "all without distinction" and not "all without exception."
Died Once For All
"For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit." (I Peter 3: 18 NASB)
"For the death that He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God." (Rom. 6: 10 NASB)
These are a few of the verses that speak of Christ dying once for all. Some cite them as if they mean that Christ died once for all men, but the meaning is not "once for all" people, but "once for all" time.
Died For All The Dead?
"Then all were dead" is not the best translation but rather "then all died." It is aorist tense. Other translations have improved upon the KJV and have translated it correctly as "all died." However, some still cite the verse as the KJV has it and argue that Paul is affirming that Christ died for everyone who is spiritually dead. But, the text is saying that the "all" for whom Christ died also died when Christ died, and were also raised when Christ was raised, a truth stated in other new testament passages. All for whom Christ died not only died, but also rose with Christ and are therefore viewed as alive.
What is this death that all for whom Christ died experienced vicariously? It is death to sin. All men are dead in sin but not all men are dead to sin and alive to righteousness.
It seems clear that the context of the above words show that the "all" Paul has in mind are the all for whom Christ died, which are those who are actually saved in conversion. Paul concludes this chapter by saying "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (vs. 21) Clearly the "us" denotes believers. They are the "all" for whom Christ died. They died to sin when Christ died to sin.
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Zel'dovich proposed Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) for structure formation in the Universe. After this, higher-order perturbative equations have been derived. Recently fourth-order LPT (4LPT) have been derived by two group. We have shown fifth-order LPT (5LPT) In this conference, we notice fourthand more higher-order perturbative equations. In fourth-order perturbation, because of the difference in handling of spatial derivative, there are two groups of equations. Then we consider the initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations. Crocce, Pueblas, and Scoccimarro (2007) noticed that second-order perturbation theory (2LPT) is required for accuracy of several percents. We verify the effect of 3LPT initial condition for the simulations. Finally we discuss the way of further improving approach and future applications of LPTs.
|Number of pages||2|
|Journal||Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union|
|Publication status||Published - 2014|
- large-scale structure of universe
- methods: analytical
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Some Frost/Freeze Knowledge
By Stephen Gode on September 25, 2012, 11:29am
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories.
In the map above, the 10% probability of 32°F or less on an earlier date for most of interior Connecticut is highlighted for September 15th to October 1st. The extreme northeast and northwest portions of Connecticut is highlighted for September 1st to September 15th. The shore is highlighted for October 1st to October 15th except for the majority of southern Fairfield County (October 15th to November 1st).
General NWS terms:
Indicates the potential for significant weather events up to 7 days in advance with a forecaster confidence around 30%.
Indicates that conditions are favorable for the particular weather event in and near the Watch area, and which may pose a risk to life and property. Watches are issued up to 48 hours in advance with forecaster confidence around 50%.
Indicates that a particular weather event is imminent or occurring. Advisories are issued if the weather event will lead to nuisance conditions, while Warnings are issued for significant weather events which will pose a risk to life and property. Warnings and Advisories are issued up to 48 hours in advance with forecaster confidence of at least 80%.
Note: Watches and Warnings issued for Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Flash Flooding have much shorter lead times, on the order of hours for Watches or even minutes for Warnings.
From the NWS frost and freeze terms are:
Freeze - A condition occurring over a large area when the surface air temperature remains below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for an extended period of time possibly leading to the damage of certain crops.
Freeze Warning - Issued during the growing season when surface temperatures are expected to drop below freezing over a large area for an extended period of time, regardless if frost develops or not. They are usually issued to highlight the first few freezes of the fall, or unusually late freezes in the spring.
A "hard freeze" is used to imply temperatures that are sufficiently cold, for a long enough period, to seriously damage or kill seasonal vegetation. For example, the Mobile AL forecast office lists criteria for its hard freeze warning as temperatures 26 degrees or lower for at least 5 hours. The purpose of this warning to alert people to the potential for frozen pipes, radiators, livestock and so on, not just damage to sensitive plants.
Frost - A covering of ice on exposed surfaces when the air temperature falls below the frost point.
Frost point - temperature, below 0° C (32° F), at which moisture in the air will condense as a layer of frost on any exposed surface. The frost point is analogous to the dew point, the temperature at which the water condenses in liquid form; both the frost point and the dew point depend upon the relative humidity of the air.
Frost Advisory - Issued during the growing season when widespread frost formation is expected over an extensive area. Surface temperatures are usually 33°F to 36°F Fahrenheit.


How to contribute
The EnMAP-Box is a freely available, platform-independent software designed to process hyperspectral remote sensing data, and particularly developed to handle data from the EnMAP sensor.
The EnMAP-Box source code is hosted in a public git repository at
Approved QGIS plugin versions ("production releases") are available in the QGIS Plugin Repository
The development of the EnMAP-Box is funded within the EnMAP scientific preparation program under the DLR Space Administration (mission lead) and GFZ Potsdam (scientific lead) with resources from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
Everyone is welcome to contribute to the EnMAP-Box
Submit a bug report or feature request
In case you experience issues with the EnMAP-Box, do not hesitate to submit a ticket to our Issue Tracker. You are also welcome to post feature requests or pull requests.
 - Verify that your issue is not being currently addressed by other issues or pull requests.
 - If you are submitting a bug report, please:
 - Report a short description how to reproduce it
 - If necessary, provide a link to the data that causes the bug
 - If not feasible to include a reproducible snippet, please be specific about what part of the EnMAP-Box (functions, widget) are involved and the shape of the data
 - Include your operating system type and version number of QGIS, Qt and the EnMAP-Box.
 - Please ensure that code snippets and error messages are formatted in appropriate code blocks.
 You can use this Markdown syntax to style your issues.
Provide source code
If your are not an EnMAP-Box core developer, the preferred way to contribute your code code is to use pull requests.
 1. Fork the EnMAP-Box repository
 2. Clone your fork
 3. Modify the source code
 4. Commit your modifications
 5. Push your modification to your fork and
 6. Create a pull request
1. Create a fork on Bitbucket
Forking the EnMAP-box repository allows you to modify the EnMAP-Box code as you like and backup your contributions in a separated Bitbucket repository. To create a fork,
 1. log in to and visit
 2. Click '+' and Fork this repository
 3. Select a name and workspace for your EnMAP-Box fork, hereafter called enmap-box-fork
Create an EnMAP-Box fork in
Please read for details how you can create your own fork of the EnMAP-Box repository.
Please note that forking in does not copy git lfs tracked files:
2. Clone the forked EnMAP-Box repository
Clone enmap-box-fork to your local disk:
git clone -n
You might see some git lfs errors. Ignore them.
Go into the repository folder and force to checkout the develop branch.
cd enmap-box-fork git checkout develop -f
You can ignore smuge errors. Add the EnMAP-Box repository as upstream repository:
git remote add upstream
Now fetch git lfs files from the upstream directory:
git lfs fetch upstream
From now on, you can synchronize your fork with the EnMAP-Box repository by:
$git fetch upstream develop
$git merge upstream/develop
to get the latest updates from the develop branch. Call:
$git push
to upload them to the remote
Now install python requirements and run the initial setup for the EnMAP-Box repository, as described in Installation
3. Modify the local repository
As you like, you can continue modifying the EnMAP-Box code in the develop branch or create a new one 'my_modifications':
$ git checkout -b my_modifications
4. Commit your changes
Save your changes by committing them to your local repository:
$ git add modified_files
$ git commit -a -m 'added x, modified y and fixed z' -s
Please use signed commits to label your individual contribution visible. Even better, use GnuPG-signed commits (-S).
5. Push changes back to your fork
A push will upload your changes to
$ git push
6. Create a pull request
Open the Bitbucket webpage of your fork and create a pull request. The pull request will inform us on the changed you made.
Before you create a pull request, please check the following:
 - make sure that every source code file provides a licence notice
 - make sure your code passes the tests and provide tests if your like to provide new functionality, like EnMAP-Box Applications
 - make sure your code is commented and documented
 - make sure your name is listed in the
 - update your feature branch to the current EnMAP-Box develop branch:
 git fetch upstream develop
 git merge upstream/develop
 - rebase your changes and push them to your forked repository:
 git push -f
 - describe your pull request with a helpful title, e.g using the following labels:
 - [feature] a new feature
 - [fix] a fix for a known issue. If possible, please refer to existing issue numbers like in #123 #124.
The EnMAP-Box documentation is based on Sphinx-build reStructured text and hosted at. The *.rst files are located in the repositories doc/source folder.
To build and text the documentation on your local system, navigate into the doc folder and run the make file:
$ cd doc
$ make html
This will start Sphinx and create the HTML documentation into folder doc/build. Open doc/build/html/index.html to visualize it in your web browser.
The software produced for the EnMAP-Box is licensed according to the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License (SPDX short identifier: GPL-3.0), or (if desired) any later version. See either or for further details of the license.
A copy of this license is part of the EnMAP-Box repository (LICENSE.txt) and delivered with each release of an EnMAP-Box plugin.
The EnMAP-Box documentation is published under the terms of the Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0) License. See for further details of the license.
Each source code contribution to the central repository should include a reference to the GPL-3 license terms at the beginning of the file:
 -
 begin :
 copyright : (C)
 email :
 (at your option) any later version.
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 GNU General Public License for more details.
 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with this software. If not, see <>.
An example from the source code can be found here: enmapbox/
Images and other multimedia content from the EnMAP-Box documentation, i.e files within the EnMAP-Box repositories doc/source folder, are published under the terms of the CC0 license.
The purpose of CLAs are to clearly define the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed to the EnMap-Box and thereby allow us to defend the project should there be a legal dispute regarding the software at some future time.
Individual Contributor License Agreement (ICLA)
The EnMap-Box Consortium desires that all maintainers and contributors of ideas, code, or documentation to the EnMAP-Box project complete, sign, and submit an ICLA.
A signed ICLA is required to be on file before an individual is given commit rights to the EnMap-Box repository. The ICLA form for filling and signing is available here.
The ICLA is not tied to any employer, so it is recommended to use one's personal information, e.g. for email address in the contact details, rather than an email address provided by an employer.
Corporate Contributor License Agreement (CCLA)
For a corporation that has assigned employees to work on the EnMap-Box, a CCLA is available for contributing intellectual property via the corporation, that may have been assigned as part of an employment agreement.
Note that a CCLA does not remove the need for every developer to sign their own ICLA as an individual, which covers both contributions which are owned and those that are not owned by the corporation signing the CCLA.
The CCLA legally binds the corporation, so it must be signed by a person with authority to enter into legal contracts on behalf of the corporation. The CCLA form for filling and signing is available here.
Submitting License Agreements
Documents may be submitted by email and signed by hand or by electronic signature. The files should be named icla.pdf and icla.pdf.asc for individual agreements; ccla.pdf and ccla.pdf.asc for corporate agreements. Zip files, other archives, or links to files are not accepted. The files must be attached to the mail.
When submitting by email, please fill the form with a pdf viewer, then print, sign, scan all pages into a single pdf file, and attach the pdf file to an email to If possible, send the attachment from the email address in the document. Please send only one document per email.
If you prefer to sign electronically, please fill the form, save it locally (e.g. icla.pdf), and sign the file by preparing a detached PGP signature. For example, gpg –armor –detach-sign icla.pdf
The above will create a file icla.pdf.asc. Send both the file (icla.pdf) and signature (icla.pdf.asc) as attachments in the same email


text:
October 22, 2012
Game Design Club:
Like movie making, game design involves a lot of complicated processes, from programming the environment and character abilities to inventing the levels and point systems. These parts of game design and more will be covered in this 11 week course, using the game design software GameMaker. Your child will have the chance to work in a small group setting to discover more about the fascinating world of gaming.
Time: Mondays, September 24th – December 17th, 2012
Kids Session from 3: 15 pm – 4:45 pm, Teens Session from 5 – 6:30pm
$500 PROMO PRICE! Just $330 for 11 week session. Payments made in installments of $110 every four weeks.
Kids Register Here! Ages 8-12
Teens Register Here! Ages 13-17
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, but is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.
In this class, you will learn how to cut your designs onto one sheet of MDF (medium density fiberboard).
Time: October 22nd, 6:30-8:30pm


text:
Sustainability in Design
Challenges and Opportunities for Design Research, Education and Practice in the XXI Century.
LeNS Conference, Bangalore, 29th September to 1st October 2010
The Sustainability in Design: Now! Conference is a platform for sharing the latest knowledge and experiences in product, service and system design, to promote sustainable systems thinking in design education, research and practice communities. The conference approach is to look at various stakeholders in this arena - designers, design educators and design researchers - as a unique learning community. The objective is the creation of a new ethos, within such a community, enabling all possible synergies and fruitful processes of knowledge and know-how osmosis and cross-fertilisation.
This conference is promoted and organized as the conclusive event of the LeNS project, funded by EU under the Asia-Link program, that aims at the development and diffusion of design for sustainability in design institutions.
The scope of the conference is to make a significant contribution to catalyzing the learning and dissemination process of an emergent design knowledge-base, theory and practice, on design for sustainability, within the design community; a contribution to take up the challenge of Sustainability in Design, NOW!
The conference approach is to look at various stakeholders in this arena - designers, design educators and design researchers - as a unique and multipolar learning community. This is a design community adopting a new ethos, promoting all possible synergies and processes of learning-by-sharing, enabling effective knowledge base and know-how sharing, osmosis and cross-fertilization in an open and copy left ethos.
In this context, the conference aims at offering an understanding of the worldwide challenges and the opportunities so that designer-participants can be more active and effective in the transition towards a sustainable society. The conference aims to be both visionary and pragmatic, and to stimulate new ways of thinking.
Furthermore, the conference will give the opportunities for the design-learning community to update the agenda for design for sustainability in the XXI century.
A Bangalore 2010 Declaration on Sustainability in Design will be discussed, agreed upon and signed.
Participants are invited to submit papers in the areas related to the conference sub-themes outlined below. The conference is structured around three main themes that include:
1. Design Research for Sustainability (DRfS)
2. Design Education for Sustainability (DEfS)
3. Design Practice for Sustainability (DPfS)
Note : To submit your paper please go to the "Registration - Author" link on the left navigation menu to register and follow the instructions sent to your email id immediately after registration.
1. The Design Research for Sustainability (DRfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* New frontiers of Design Research for Sustainability worldwide
* Applied research and consultancies on Design for Sustainability
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between design researchers and/or design research institutions.
2. The Design Education for Sustainability (DEfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* Strategies, projects and experiences in consolidated DfS education activities
* Strategies, projects and experiences in experimental DfS education activities
* Strategies, projects and experiences in continuing education
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between design teachers and/or Design Education Institutions.
3. The Design Practice for Sustainability (DPfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* Best practices of product, service and system design for sustainability
* Best practices of methods and tools used by designers, companies and other organizations
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between designers associations and designers.
Deadline for Abstracts : 31 March 2010
Notification Of Acceptance : 01 May 2010
Full Paper Submission : 30 June 2010
Notification Of Paper To Be Presented : 31 July 2010
The LeNS Project
The LenS, Learning Network on Sustainability, is an Asian-European multi-polar network for curricula development on design for sustainability focused on Product-Service System innovations. It is a 3 years project (Dec/2007 - Dec/2010) funded by the European Commission (Asia Link Programme, EuropAid), involving 7 design schools in Europe and Asia. The project scope is to promote a new generation of Asian and European designers capable of designing for sustainability Product-Service System innovation, through a new generation of design educators. The main output is the so called Open Learning E-Package (OLEP) on DfS. It is a web platform allowing interested teachers to download open source and copyleft learning resources (slideshows, texts, audio-videos, etc.) that could be modified/remixed and reused, i.e. adapted according to each teacher's specific didactic needs, institutional requirements and local context peculiarities. The same lens web platform is downloadable as open source and copyleft. It is thus a "regenerative" platform; namely any educational institution, teacher, sustainability-focused network, can generate a new LeNS-based web-platform; any new generated web platform upload learning resources independently, and all LeNS-based web-platforms are interlinked. A LeNS Africa has been launched the 7th of September 2009, in Cape Town, South Africa; and LeNS South America has been launched the 6th of November 2009, Sao Paolo, Brasil.


text:
Summary: Communication in automation, including networking
Nicholas Kottenstette and Panos J. Antsaklis1
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
Abstract -- An introduction to the fundamental issues and limitations of communication and networking in automation is given. Digital communication fundamentals are
reviewed and networked control systems together with teleoperation are discussed.
Issues in both wired and wireless networks are presented.
1.1 Why communication is necessary in automated systems
Automated systems use local control systems that utilize sensor information in feedback loops, process this information and send it as control commands to actuators
to be implemented. Such closed loop feedback control is necessary, because of the
uncertainties in the knowledge of the process and in the environmental conditions.
Feedback control systems rely heavily on the ability to receive sensor information
and send commands using wired or wireless communications.
In automated systems there is control supervision, and also health and safety


text:
Project Will Bring Reclaimed Water to Clearwater Residents
A project funded by the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the City of Clearwater will bring reclaimed water to residents who live in the Skycrest area of Clearwater.
The project includes the design and construction of a high-service pump station, more than 63,500 linear feet of reclaimed water transmission lines, distribution piping, and a five-million-gallon storage tank.
The project will interconnect reclaimed water supplies from the city's three waste water treatment plants, which will provide the ability to move reclaimed water to areas of high demand, and provide for the pumping and storage necessary to service additional customers in central Clearwater.
This project is expected to provide approximately 410,000 gallons per day (gpd) of reclaimed water to nearly 500 residential and commercial reclaimed water customers in central Clearwater. The project will offset 250,000 gpd of groundwater.
This cooperatively funded effort between the District's Pinellas-Anclote River Basin Board and Clearwater is estimated to cost $10.8 million. The District will contribute 50 percent of the costs.
Construction is scheduled to begin in May 2008 and is expected to be complete by December 2010.
Reclaimed water is wastewater that has received at least secondary treatment and is used for a beneficial purpose, such as irrigation. By offsetting demand for ground water and surface water, this alternative, non-traditional water source reduces stress on environmental systems, provides economic benefits by delaying costly water system expansions, and eliminates the need to discharge wastewater effluent to surface waters.
Return to Current Edition


text:
16-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today:
Friday, April 14, 1911: I spent most of my time indoors today for the weather was decidedly dreary and ugly. Had a time hiding pop corn this afternoon from Jimmie and Mother.
Her middle-aged granddaughter's comments 100 years later:
A hundred years ago on this date it would have been Good Friday. I wonder if the family was making any preparations for Easter. The April 1, 1911 issue of Ladies Home Journal provided suggestions for dyeing Easter eggs:
Easter Egg Dye
A harmless dye for Easter eggs is made by boiling the eggs with onion skins. Put the eggs on to boil in cold water, with enough onion skins to cover them. Boil till the eggs are hard. They will come out in pretty shades of brown and red. Polish them with a soft flannel cloth. Two cupfuls of onion skins will color eight or ten eggs.
I used white eggs and the outer skins from yellow onions to test these directions. The eggs were easy to color–and the dyed eggs are a pretty reddish-brown. I'm amazed how the skins of yellow onions produce a dye that is so red.


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Changing the Cube Date Format
The projects that are available for download from the CubeStore have a default date format set in the cubes of "MM/DD/YY". This can be easily changed in the project to accommodate various regional preferences.
To alter the default date format, change the Date table in the staging database. The table will have a clock icon next to it and it is possible that this table is in the data warehouse depending on the version of the project that was downloaded from the CubeStore.
 1. Expand the Date table found in the staging database in the Jet Data Manager and identify the DisplayDate field.
 2. Right-click on the "Custom value" and select Edit Custom Transformation. The Custom Transformation window will appear.
 The number value "1" is part of the SQL "CONVERT" function and represents the "MM/DD/YY" format. The "1" should be replaced with the appropriate number that represents the desired format. A list of formats can be viewed under the Remarks section at the following link: Cast and Convert. In this example we will use the British/French standard which is represented by the number "3".
 3. Click Ok and then deploy and execute the Date table in the data warehouse.
 4. Click on the Cubes tab in the Jet Data Manager and deploy and execute the OLAP Servers node at the top of the Cubes tab.
 The default date format was originally set to "MM/DD/YY" which would display as the following in Excel:
 5. Once the change has been implemented, deployed and executed in the Date table in the staging database, data warehouse and cubes, viewers will see dates with the designated date format in Excel. In this example: "DD/MM/YY".
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The Stich plate is a simple, mechanical device used in rock climbing and associated sports, (e.g. mountaineering). It is a friction device used to control the release of rope whilst belaying.
Stich plates are typically made of aluminium/aluminum as this is a strong, yet lightweight, metal. They are a shaped like a disc and are a few mm thick. They can be found in single-, and double-slotted versions, (double-slotted versions have two, parallel slots to accomodate climbers using twin ropes).
A Stich plate is used in conjunction with a karabiner to create a path of variable friction for the climbing rope. A loop of rope is passed through the slot in the plate and clipped into the karabiner, (normally attached to a climber's harness). The friction created by this combination is controlled by the 'angle of attack' of the rope releative to the front face of the Stich plate: rope entering perpendicular to the slot experiences a relatively small amount of friction. Resistance increases as the angle between the rope and the front of the plate is reduced from a right-angle. Rope angle in this context refers to the 'dead' side of the rope in the Stich plate, (i.e. the end of the rope NOT attached to the other climber - known as the 'live side').
Some Stich plates have a helical spring attached to the back face of the plate. In 'normal' conditions, the spring helps keep the Stich plate spaced from the karabiner allowing easy passage for the rope. The spring is compressed when the rope becomes 'loaded' and the plate 'locks' the rope.
Using the Stich plate, it is possible for the belayer to actually 'lock' the rope in the device, (useful in the case of a fall). Obviously, the usefulness of the Stich plate is somewhat dimished if the climber on the other end of the rope weighs twice as much as you and you aren't safely anchored the nearest tree or boulder.
Safety Note: This description is for illustrative purposes only and is not a substitute for correct training!
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text:
How do I get a free teacher account?
All verified teachers, including school, tertiary and pre-service teachers can get free accounts with access to all our resources for evaluation and professional development.
This grants access to:
- teacher notes and solutions to problems
- free access to all courses and competitions
- any professional development resources we publish.
If you are not currently teaching at a school
If you are currently teaching at a school
Follow these steps to become a verified teacher on Grok.
For more details on what becoming a verified teacher means, see What is teacher verification?


text:
Background: Students may become less adept at developing strong patientphysician relationships during medical school. We evaluated whether students choosing careers in surgery show a similar negative trend. Methods: Scores from 2 validated measurements of medical personality were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The Patient Provider Orientation Scale (PPOS) assesses whether students are more patient-centered or paternalistic, and the Physician Reaction to Uncertainty Scale (PRUS) measures willingness to disclose uncertainty. Results: From 1998 to 2005, 236 students completed the PPOS and PRUS in the first and third year of medical school. Surgical students remained patient-centered in their first and third year of medical school (mean PPOS, 4.5 vs 4.54, respectively; P <.348). In addition, they became more willing to disclose uncertainty (mean PRUS improved from 25.5 to 23.8; P <.002). Conclusions: Students choosing careers in surgery maintain or improve upon personality traits that are important for developing strong patientphysician relationships. All rights reserved.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


Witnesses provide expert nuclear overview
Posted 29 October 2016
The nuclear Citizens' Jury has today heard from 32 expert witnesses on four key topics – trust, safety, economics and consent – as they discuss the state's potential future involvement in the nuclear fuel cycle.
The jury took part in panel discussions during the day, having the opportunity to listen to witnesses and then engage in question and answer sessions.
Evidence was heard from stakeholders representing a broad range of interests and sectors, including the Australian Conservation Foundation, Australia Institute, Friends of the Earth, Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office (ASNO), World Nuclear Association, Australia Youth Climate Coalition and French national radioactive waste management agency ANDRA.
The discussions during the day highlighted the key issues being considered by the jury, including liability, the economic modelling assumptions, how consent is measured and concerns about transporting radioactive waste through regional South Australia.
The afternoon session was dedicated to hearing indigenous community perspectives, with around 20 Aboriginal people - many travelling to Adelaide from rural SA - attending to share their experiences with the jury.
The group heard from Aboriginal representatives, including Karina Lester, Vivienne McKenzie, Vince Coulthard and Enice Marsh who discussed the effects of the Maralinga testing in 1950s and past campaigns to protect Aboriginal land from radioactive material. They spoke of their cultural concerns about the safety, health impacts and damage to traditional lands from past nuclear activities, as well as their worries about any potential future storage and disposal plans.
The jury is spending a total of six days answering the question: 'Under what circumstances, if any, could South Australia pursue the opportunity to store and dispose of nuclear waste from other countries?'
Around 350 jurors, representing a broad cross section of the South Australian population, are considering all the facts and feedback from the three-month community consultation program, and deciding on their own perspectives, on the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission Report.
The jury sat today, and will reconvene tomorrow to start gathering together their insights. They reconvene next weekend to finalise a report, which will be presented to the Premier Jay Weatherill on Sunday, November 6.


text:
Bird hunters have always cross-bred dogs with the hopes of creating better four-legged companions. The Braque Français is a perfect example of this process. In Craig Koshyk's superb book Pointing Dogs: Volume One, The Continentals, he explains how hunters modified this breed and developed two types of pointing dogs with a shared ancestry and the same first name.
Back in the early days of bird dogs, the Navarre region of Franch/Spain was ground zero for some of the earliest Braque Français pointers. These dogs were big bodied and short haired, with large ears, loose skin, and a hound-like look overall. They hunted close, at a trot, and were known for their all-day stamina in the field.
Of course some people thought these dogs could be improved. These hunters developed a smaller, quicker line of Braque Français, with a wider range and more athleticism. Soon fanciers had a dilemma: which dogs were the true Braque Français?
To solve the problem, the Braque Français club established two sub categories: the Braque Français Gascony and the Braque Français Pyrenean. You can read more about these dogs here on Craig's blog.


text:
Front Page Authors (by Period) 17th Century Natural Rights Theorists
School of Thought: 17th Century Natural Rights Theorists
The 17th century was an important period in the development of natural law theories. The crises and revolutions of the mid-century prompted many thinkers to see civil and economic relations as being based on natural law and natural rights, independent of the monarch or the church. These thinkers laid the foundation for the further secularization of natural law theories in the Enlightenment of the 18th century and the revolutions which came out of that, namely the American and French Revolutions.
|Hugo Grotius (_PHONE_)
||John Locke (_PHONE_)
||Sir Edward Coke (_PHONE_)
For more information see:
- Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights (Grand Rapids, Michigan:
William B. Eerdmans, 2001).
- Stephen Buckle, Natural Law and the Theory of Property:
Grotius to Hume (Oxford: Claredon Press, 1991).
- Roscoe Pound, The Ideal Element in Law (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2002).
- Heinrich A. Rommen, The Natural Law: A Study in Legal
and Social History and Philosophy, trans. Thomas R. Hanley. Introduction and Bibliography by Russell Hittinger
(Indianapolis: Liberty Fund 1998).
9 People in this Group:


text:
Yick Wo Re-Revisited: Nonblack Nonwhites and Fourteenth Amendment History
Thomas Wuil Joo
University of California - Davis Law School
September 3, 2008
University of Illinois Law Review, Fall 2008
UC Davis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 171
The 1886 Supreme Court case Yick Wo v. Hopkins is often viewed as a precursor of the racial civil rights era represented by Brown v. Board of Education. In fact, the case was primarily about economic rights. In a new article, Unexplainable on Grounds of Race: Doubts About Yick Wo,* forthcoming in the Illinois Law Review, Professor Gabriel Chin argues that Yick Wo "is not a race case at all." I argue that it is a "race case" because the Court's use of the Fourteenth Amendment to vindicate economic rights necessarily entangled economic rights with race - in an ultimately pernicious way. While issues of "race" in American law tend to focus on nonwhiteness, the "race" of the Chinese plaintiffs in Yick Wo was legally significant in its nonblackness. The Reconstruction Court had previously refused to apply the Amendment to whites or to economic rights in The Slaughter-House Cases. But Yick Wo both revived the literal meaning of the Amendment's phrase "all persons" and applied it to economic rights. It thus ushered in a two-pronged civil rights counter-revolution symbolized by Lochner v. New York's protection of economic "substantive due process" for white persons and corporations and Plessy v. Ferguson's denial of civil rights protection to blacks. The counter-revolution also turned against the nonblack nonwhites who had helped create it, allowing the exclusion of Asians from immigration and naturalization, state laws prohibiting Asians from owning land, and the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 22
Keywords: Fourteenth Amendment, legal history, substantive due process, civil rights, raceAccepted Paper Series
Date posted: September 5, 2008 ; Last revised: April 20, 2009
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This page was processed by apollo2 in 0.360 seconds


text:
Subjecting people to biological experiments without consent, when perpetrated in an armed conflict, is a war crime punishable by the International Criminal Court. A prosecution for biological experiments must show the following elements:
- One or more persons were subjected to a particular biological experiment,
- the experiment seriously endangered the physical or mental health or integrity of the victims,
- the intent of the experiment was not medically justified nor in the interest of the victim,
- the victims were protected under the Geneva Conventions of 1949,
- the conduct was associated with an international armed conflict.


text:
Remote access to e-resources
You can access our electronic resources (e-books, journals, etc.) even when you are not at CERN. See how to use and configure remote access to our e-resources:
>With the EzProxy URL
In order to access online resources (= articles, e-books, databases) made available by the Library from outside CERN:
- URLs must be prefixed by: _URL_
- When you access the resources via the EzProxy, you need to login with your CERN credentials.
As an example, to access this article: _URL_ /pii/S0168900217310045 you need to modify the url as follows: _URL_ /pii/S0168900217310045
NFrom the CERN Library Catalogue and SIS website
URLs of resources listed in the CERN Library Catalogue or on this website are correctly formatted with the EzProxy prefix:
- Create a new bookmark:
- with the name: CERN Library proxy
- Go to the article or the e-book you need to access from any Google search or any other web site.
- Click on the 'CERN Library proxy' bookmark you created.
- You will be prompted to enter your CERN credentials. This will reload the page, and you will be able to access the resource.
If you use the Zotero extension on Firefox, no configuration is necessary. The first time you type in the EzProxy version of the URL, Zotero will remember to use it each time you visit the website. However, you will need to type it in for each new resource you access.
These extensions enable you to convert any resource link to the EzProxy URL:
_Google Scholar CASA
CASA (Campus Activated Subscriber Access) is an authentication enhancement that improves the authentication for off-campus users of Google Scholar.
This works for subscribed content (e-journals and e-books) from main publishers such as AIP, APS, Elsevier (as from July 2020), IEEE, IOP, SpringerNature, Wiley, and many others.
How to use CASA?
- From a CERN IP, visit Google Scholar and find an article. If CERN has access to this article, it will show the link to the full content on the publisher's website. Google Scholar records the affiliation between your device (laptop, mobile phone, desktop, etc.) and your institution.
- The next time you use the same device to visit Google Scholar from off-campus, Google Scholar will remember the affiliation from the first visit and access the publisher's website as if you were on a CERN IP.
- The off-campus access is valid for a period that varies from 30 to 120 days depending on the publisher, and can be later renewed by simply visiting Google Scholar from a CERN IP.
F Extended access (for some publishers)
Some publishers offer extended access to their content: you have continued access for up to 48 hours after leaving the institution's IP address range(s) as long as:
- You work from the same device and browser.
- Cookies are enabled.
- In this context, there is no need to use EzProxy.
- For the time being, only Elsevier (ScienceDirect) offers this possibility.
] Good to know
- This service works for CERN computer accounts only.
- The access will only work if the CERN Library has a subscription to the resource. Please check the availability in the CERN Library Catalogue or in our online resources.
- Please note that URLs prefixed with EzProxy work whether you are located at CERN or accessing remotely.
- No authentification is needed for open access resources.
- There is a small list of publishers for which the EzProxy doesn't work: Grand Robert, SIF journals. If you need to access this online content remotely, please use the Windows Terminal Services or open a browser on LXPLUS.


text:
One of the essential steps in choosing a suitable industrial air dryer is to test wet materials on the drying equipment. This ensures that the final product is dry and of the quality you want. However, before the testing starts, here are six things to consider when choosing the drying system.
Size And Density
The drying machine's size and capacity depend on the size and weight of the things that need to be dried. For example, drying more minor things is different from drying bigger things. As important as size is, the density of the material is also essential. How the material moves through the dryer is based on how dense it is. Denser materials need different machines than less dense ones.
When choosing industrial air dryers, you should also consider how wet clothes are handled. Sticky or sloppy things are often forced into the dryer so they are not stuck in the line. If the company works with sticky materials, the engineer could choose drying machines with non-stick surfaces or paddles to keep the materials moving.
The roughness and fragility of the material are also things to think about. If the company wants to dry fragile things, it should not use drying equipment that moves things around roughly. Instead, it could use a machine that moves things more gently. On the other hand, if the dried materials are rough, the company could choose drying machines that can handle rough materials to avoid problems with maintenance or damage.
Reaction To Heat
Some things change when they get hot, and when they get to a specific temperature, they might do something. If the machine is drying a chemical solution, it could cause a chemical reaction.
In addition, if some materials are left near specific heat sources for a long time, they could melt or catch fire. Therefore, the dryer could go slower or be more considerable to help bring down the temperature. If the company works with things that are likely to melt, it could choose a dryer with a high temperature and a short time on the job to avoid a possible reaction to the product.
Efficiency And Cost
Cost is an essential part of every big purchase. When buying the machine, the company will consider the cost and the cost of running it. However, the upfront cost should not be the only thing you look at when deciding if a dryer is a good deal or not. Some machines may cost less upfront, but if they do not work well, they will cost more in the long run. And it's essential to think about what kind of fuel the machine runs on.
Lastly, the size of the industrial air dryers should match the amount of work that will be done. It is essential to consider whether the dryer will run all the time or in batches. If the company has big jobs that need a lot of output, using a dryer that is too small will cause it to get clogged, and the operation could stop because the machine will be too busy. On top of that, the dryer could burn out sooner than expected. On the other hand, energy will be wasted if a too-big dryer is chosen. It could also burn the food or make it dry out too much.


Provided by: hercules_3.07-2_i386 bug
 cckd - Hercules Compressed CKD DASD image file
 Hercules DASD image file that emulates IBM mainframe DASD devices on a
 (usually) non-mainframe platform. Specified in the Hercules
 configuration file (default name hercules.cnf) to describe the DASD
 devices Hercules is to emulate. Also specified as input and/or output
 file to several Hercules utilities. Hercules compressed DASD devices
 are frequently referred to as CCKD. Hercules uncompressed DASD devices
 are frequently referred to as CKD. Hercules CKD DASD image files are
 largely compatible with P/390 AWS DASD files.
 The following provides a technical overview of CCKD internal
 structures. Except as indicated below, data in the following
 structures is stored in the byte order indicated by the CDEVHDR.options
 CCKD_BIGENDIAN bit (the 0x02 bit). This bit is 1 when data is bigendian byte order, 0 when data is little-endian byte order.
 occupies the first 512 bytes of a CKD or CCKD DASD file. The DEVHDR
 contains the device type and the number of heads per cylinder. Its
 contents are the same whether the DASD image is compressed (CCKD) or
 not (CKD). Described by the CKDDASD_DEVHDR struct; 512 bytes in size.
 immediately follows the DEVHDR, and contains fields describing the
 number of L1ENTs in the L1TAB, the number of L2ENTs in each L2TAB, and
 anchors the free space chain. Described by the CCKDDASD_DEVHDR struct;
 512 bytes in size.
 immediately follows the CDEVHDR, and consists of L1ENT entries, each of
 which points to an L2TAB. Each L1ENT is an U32 (4 bytes) offset into
 the CCKD DASD file. The CDEVHDR numl1tab field describes how many
 L1ENTs are in the L1TAB. L1ENTs are described by the CCKD_L1ENT
 typedef; the L1TAB is of variable size. Conceptually each L1ENT
 describes cdevhdr.numl2tab tracks.
 is pointed to by an L1ENT, and is composed of L2ENT entries, the number
 of which is described by the CDEVHDR numl2tab field; currently 256
 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. L2ENTs contain the offset to the TRKHDR, and the
 combined length of the TRKHDR and (optionally) compressed track data.
 The CDEVHDR numl2tab field describes how many L2ENTs are in each L2TAB.
 Currently, there are 256 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. Described by the
 CCKD_L2ENT struct; (256 * 8) bytes in size. Conceptually each L2ENT
 describes one track.
 describes free space in the CCKD DASD image, anchored by the CDEVHDR
 free field. Consists of a 4 byte offset to the next free space (or
 zero for end of free space chain), and a 4 byte length of the free
 space (which length includes the 8 bytes occupied by the FREEBLK
 itself), followed by zero or more bytes of residual data. Described by
 the first 8 bytes of the CCKD_FREEBLK struct; 8 bytes in size.
 Occurs once at the beginning of each track. contains flag (one byte),
 CC (two bytes), and HH (two bytes) of the track. When the flag byte =
 0x00, TRKHDR is the same as the Home Address on real DASD. Flag bits
 are described in hercules.h, and are of the format nlllllcc where n=1
 for new track header format, lllll is used for track recovery purposes,
 and cc describes the track compression algorithm. The compression
 algorithms are: B'00' = uncompressed, B'01' = zlib, B'10' = bzip2,
 B'11' is currently invalid. Data in TRKHDR is stored in big-endian
 byte order. Described by the CKDDASD_TRKHDR struct; 5 bytes in size.
 COUNT field
 8 bytes, containing CC (two bytes), HH (two bytes), R (one byte), KL
 (one byte), and DL (two bytes). CC is the (relative zero) cylinder
 number. HH is the (relative zero) head number. R is the (relative
 zero) record number on the track. KL is the key length; if zero no key
 is present. DL is the length of the data record. Data in the COUNT
 field is stored in big-endian byte order. Described by the
 CKDDASD_RECHDR struct; 8 bytes in size.
 KEY field
 if present, KL bytes of record key; immediately follows the COUNT
 field. Byte order is not a factor for the KEY field; to the extent it
 is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size varies.
 DATA field.
 if present, DL bytes of record data; immediately follows the KEY field
 for keyed record, else immediately follows the COUNT field for unkeyed
 records. Byte order is not a factor for the DATA field; to the extent
 it is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size
 Count, Key, Data - contents of an track. Also refers to the Hercules
 uncompressed DASD image file.
 Compressed Count, Key, Data - compressed contents of a track. Also
 refers to the Hercules compressed DASD image file.
 Direct Access Storage Device - term the IBM mainframe world uses to
 refer to hard drives.
 End Of Track - indicated by 8X'FF' in the COUNT field.
SEE ALSO the Hercules emulator homepage. which describes
 the Hercules CCKD DASD facility. which describes
 the Hercules configuration file.
 2003-02-07 originally written by James M. Morrison
 2003-02-03 cckd(4)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I wonder if the following is possible:
I have a dll that I have referenced in my web site. This dll makes a remote socket connection. The socket connection is waiting in the background and the dll reports back data through events after the socket has received some data.
The connection is opened during load of page.
Now, I would, for example, like to update a label on the page when new data has arrived.
I am not sure how this would work. I assume that I could set some kind of timer on page that updates a control but it does not seem "optimal" as I already call code behind through my events. "Optimally" the UpdatePanel or whatever updates the interface would wait for events and "update" when events has occurred and not based on time.
My question is - is this possible?
share|improve this question
It's easier to load the page on the client then initiate the call to the server via AJAX, letting the page method wait (the page has loaded but you could display a little "loading" symbol somewhere) and then, when it receives the response from the server, update. This is a good use case for Page Methods - see ajax.asp.net/docs/tutorials/…. Once your original page has been delivered, you shouldn't really have anything in it to keep it alive on the web form/code behind side - it should be request-response based. – dash Feb 24 '12 at 13:03
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can use techniques called "long pulling" or "web sockets".
There are libraries, like SignalR that can help you.
They generally use web sockets when client's browser supports and long pulling when not.
Using these libraries you can "push" commands/data from server to client's browser, just as you want.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Server cannot push the client, this is the rule how web works. There are two possible ways to complete your task.
 1. Put timer on the page and make requests on server too see, if something changed
 2. Open long pulling connection between client and server, like facebook does. That listens
 to the events and gets data from the server. It can be, for example xmpp or any other.
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You should think about turning this around; rather than initiate the call from the code behind asynchronously and then update the client, you should deliver your original page to the client.
Once the page has been loaded client side, you can make an AJAX call to the server to retrieve the data you want - and display a little "I'm loading" symbol while this happens.
Page Methods are ideal for this.
The classic ASP.Net web page is supposed to last for the duration of the users request. When a postback happens, it effectively rebuilds the state of the call from the user's viewstate, session and any other state you've maintained. It never cares if the user goes away, for example (although it might feel a bit lonely).
Having it hang around for longer is problematic in a number of ways, however, you can implement client callbacks. However, although the server initiates this, the client manages the lifecycle, so it's analogous to page methods.
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Let define the $(3,2)_s$ SAT problem : Given $F_3$, a satisfiable 3-CNF formula, and $F_2$, a 2-CNF formula ($F_3$ and $F_2$ are defined on the same variables). Is $F_3 \wedge F_2$ satisfiable?
What is the complexity of this problem? (Has it been studied before?)
This problem is NP-complete.
Let $\varphi$ be an arbitrary CNF formula (an instance of SAT). Consider $\varphi \lor y$, where $y$ is a fresh variable; obviously, this formula is satisfiable (you can simply set $y$ to true). Now convert $\varphi \lor y$ to 3-CNF, using any standard method, and let $\psi$ denote the result. Note that $\psi$ is a satisfiable 3-CNF formula, so we can let $F_3 = \psi$. Now, let $F_2 = \neg y$. Notice that $F_3 \land F_2$ is satisfiable if and only if $\varphi$ is. Therefore, the $(3,2)_s$ SAT problem is at least as hard as SAT. Also, it is clearly no harder than SAT. Therefore, it is exactly as difficult as SAT.
 - $\begingroup$ Tks _USER_.W, quite convincing. $\endgroup$ – Xavier Labouze Jul 15 '13 at 18:15
 - $\begingroup$ You should just reduce from 3SAT instead of from SAT. $\endgroup$ – Tyson Williams Jul 15 '13 at 20:35
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ _USER_, yup, sure, we could do that too. Is there any sense in which reducing from 3SAT would be better? It doesn't seem to make any significant difference either way, as far as I can see. Reducing from 3SAT doesn't seem to make the reduction any simpler. Even if $\varphi$ is a 3-CNF formula, $\varphi \lor y$ won't be, so you still need to convert to 3-CNF either way. $\endgroup$ – D.W. Jul 16 '13 at 0:30
 - $\begingroup$ Ah, yes. Good point. $\endgroup$ – Tyson Williams Jul 18 '13 at 18:46
Here is a paper by Porshen and Speckenmayer : Satisfiability of mixed Horn formulas which shows that even when $F_3$ is Horn, the problem of deciding the satisfiability of $F_3 \wedge F_2$ is NP-complete.
Your Answer


text:
Medical Definition of Deformity, cauliflower-ear
Deformity, cauliflower-ear: Destruction of the underlying cartilage framework of the outer ear (pinnae), usually caused by either infection or trauma, resulting in a thickening of the ear. Classically, blood collects (hematoma) between the ear cartilage and the skin. There is a marked thickening of the entire ear which may be so extensive that the shape of the ear becomes unrecognizable. The ear is said to look like a piece of cauliflower. It is typically seen in wrestlers and boxers who have had repeated trauma to the ear.
When trauma causes a blood clot under the skin of the ear, the clot disrupts the connection of the skin to the ear cartilage. The cartilage has no other blood supply except the overlying skin so, if the skin is separated from the cartilage, the cartilage is deprived of nutrients and dies and the ear cartilage shrivels up to form the classic cauliflower ear.
The treatment of the hematoma (the blood clot) is to drain it through an incision in the ear and apply a compressive dressing to sandwich the two sides of the skin against the cartilage.
When treated promptly and aggressively, the development of cauliflower ear deformity is unlikely. Delay in diagnosis and treatment leads to more difficulty in managing this problem and may leave greater ear deformity.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/9/2016
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z
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text:
Aquatic silk proteins in Chironomus: A review
Chironomid midge silk protein
Silk proteins secreted by salivary glands in the dipteran insect, Chironomus play a significant role as proteinaceous adhesives for construction of underwater housing nests by larvae. To date, only three Chironomus species, C. tentans Fabricius, C. pallidivittatus Malloch and C. riparius Meigen have been explored for characterization of their aquatic silk protein. Genes coding for silk proteins are located on specific chromosomal 'puffs' called Balbiani rings as well as non-Balbiani ring regions. Expression of these genes is closely regulated by developmental and hormonal alterations and environmental factors. Furthermore, pilot studies have postulated that silk proteins probably occur in diverse size classes grouped into large (~1000 kDa), intermediate (100-200 kDa) and small (≤100 kDa). Barring few preliminary reports that date back to the 1990s, the physical and bioproperties of silk from chironomid midges remain largely unknown, leading to paucity of updated information. This review was therefore aimed to compile existing literature database and to highlight the wide possibilities for commercialization of midge larval silk as a novel biopolymer.
PlumX Metrics provide insights into the ways people interact with individual pieces of research output (articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, and many more) in the online environment. Examples include, when research is mentioned in the news or is tweeted about. Collectively known as PlumX Metrics, these metrics are divided into five categories to help make sense of the huge amounts of data involved and to enable analysis by comparing like with like.
Copyright (c) 2018 Leena J. Thorat, Bimalendu B. Nath
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


text:
KAS files can be edited usü5 How do I edit my.kas files? How do I edit my.kas files?marekf¨lang=en&display=faq&faqnr=47&catnr=8&prog=1&onlynewfaq=0" TARGET="_self">ELLO - EvilLyrics Lyrics Organizer
If you want to edit your.kas files, you just need to click in a song that you already created/downloaded the timestamps. When you select it, the lyrics will be displayed in the textbox and a new pane for the karaoke editor will appear.
In it, you can edit both the time and the text marks for every line of the lyrics. You can also add and delete stamps. When adding, it will be added after the last selected stamp. When deleting, the last selected stamp will be deleted.
Editing the time stamps
Every second, EvilLyrics can have 5 different timestamps. The first one goes exactly in that second. The second one goes after 200 mileseconds, the third one after 400, etc. In the Karaoke Editor, you can edit the values for the minutes, seconds and mileseconds too. The format is Minutes:Seconds.Milesec. So, if you have an stamp like 03:27.4, it mean it will be played 400 mileseconds after 3 minutes and 27 seconds
Editing the text stamps
The text in the right represents the first two leters in the line. Generally, if your karaoke is not working properly, it has much more to do with the text than with the time. So, what you need is to check if these two letters are the same first two letters for its corresponding time. Note that numbers and the apostrophe aren't allowed, so if you have a line like this: "I'm here for you", the letters that you should type are "Im".
Note that it is case sensitive. This means that there is difference between "Hi" and "HI".
When you did all the changes you wanted, just press the Save button.


See also: cardinal-number
cardinal number (plural cardinal numbers)
 1. A number used to denote quantity; a counting number.
 The smallest cardinal numbers are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
 The cardinal number "three" can be represented as "3" or "three".
 2. (mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.
 - 1920, Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, page 83
 This cardinal number is the smallest of the infinite cardinal numbers; it is the one to which Cantor has appropriated the Hebrew Aleph with the suffix 0, to distinguish it from larger infinite cardinals. Thus the name of the smallest of infinite cardinals is ℵ0.
 3. (grammar) A word that expresses a countable quantity; a cardinal numeral.
 "Three" is a cardinal number, while "third" is an ordinal number.
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit


text:
Superdirective Beamforming Based on the Krylov Matrix
Broadband beamforming applied to superdirective arrays is known to be highly sensitive to transducers characteristics errors. Recently, an effective method to synthesize a robust, broadband, data-independent, filter-and-sum beamformer, which considers the probability distributions of errors, has been proposed. It considers an array with arbitrary lay-out and provides a spatial directivity pattern close to the desired one. Unfortunately, the evaluation of the cost function requires a computational load and an amount of memory that increases very quickly with the transducers and the filter coefficients. As the synthesis process requires an iterative minimization, it may become unacceptably long. In this paper, an alternative procedure for evaluating the same cost function is presented, drastically reducing such problems and without introducing any approximation. The only additional constraint is on the antenna which must be an equally-spaced linear array. This procedure makes it much easier to apply the above-mentioned synthesis method to a wide panorama of practical situations.


the Document
Open the Document.swift file. Change the read function to the following:
override func read(from data: Data, ofType typeName: String) throws {
 if let fileContents = String(data: data,encoding:.utf8) {
 markdown = fileContents
The code takes the Data object from the saved document and converts it to a Swift string. If there is saved text, set the document's contents to the saved text.
Fill the Text View When Opening a Document
The last step is to fill the text view with the document's contents when you open a document. Override the viewDidAppear function in the text view controller and set the text view's contents to the document's contents.
override func viewDidAppear() {
 if let document = getDocument() {
 textView.string = document.markdown
 updateLivePreview(text: textView.string)
While you're setting the text view contents you should also update the web view so it shows the HTML preview. That's why there's a call to updateLivePreview. If you didn't have the call, the preview would be blank until you typed in the text view.
Now when you run the project you should have a basic Markdown editor. You can create documents, preview the HTML contents, save documents, and open documents.


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John Bowler, Seth Hunter, Roy Shilkrot
This is a set of methods for segmenting a RGB+depth image, such as from a Kinect: that is, separating the foreground (people standing in front of Kinect) from the background (the objects and walls of the room behind them). The simplest way to achieve this is by thresholding the depth image. The Kinect depth sensor is fairly noisy, however, so these methods use image processing techniques on the RGB image to refine the segmentation and get more precise and accurate contours.
This release includes source files and an example (an Xcode project - only tried on OSX).
The extension itself depends on:
Additional dependencies for the example project (including sub-dependencies):
*If you get a compiler error in two files in the ofxControlPanel source about a "bLoaded" variable not being public, find/replace it in the.cpp files with "isLoaded()".
Declare an ofxKinectSegmentation object in your header and init() it. There are three methods for processing images, each taking as input an RGB image, a depth image, and a pointer to the result in whatever form you desire:
void getGrayscaleMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Loads *output with a grayscale image that, if applied to an image as an alpha channel, would segment the image.
void getBitMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Like getGrayscaleMask() but binary, without the extra blur around the edges.
void getRGB(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvColorImage *output);
 Loads *output with a color image where the "background" of the original image is black.
void getRGBA(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofImage *output);
 Loads *output with a 4-channel ofImage where the alpha channel masks out the background.
[Parameters in brackets] are sliders that can be played with in the example project and are also public variables of the ofxKinectSegmentation object that can be adjusted to taste.
Step 1) Acquire contours from the depth image (using ofxCvContourFinder), with choices of [min contour area], [max contour area], and [max num contours] that prevent holes or other artifacts of IR sensor noise from being detected as meaningful objects.
First pass: RGB edge detection
Step 2) Partition the image into a "known foreground" (set of FG pixels far enough away from the foreground), a "known background", and a stripe-like "unknown area" between them. The width of the unknown area is [1st-pass search breadth].
Step 3) Construct square "boxes" around every contour point, with size [1st-pass ROI box size] and spaced at around [ROI box sparsity] pixels apart, to be iterated through and used as ROI's.
Step 4) Run the RGB through an edge-detection algorithm, generating an edge image (where the value of each pixel is how fast it is changing color in the RGB image). Mask out everything except the edges in the unknown area stripe.
Step 5) Construct a new contour, iterating through boxes and getting one new contour point from each box by finding the centroid of the edge image in each box ROI. This is analogous to a single iteration of meanshift. Theoretically, this creates a new contour that hugs the edge detected on the RGB image tighter.
Second pass: Color matching
Step 6) Repeat steps 2 and 3 with the new contour, using the [2nd-pass search breadth] and [2nd-pass ROI box size] parameters.
Step 7) In each box ROI, consider the colors of the known FG and known BG pixels in that region and make a determination on each unknown pixel based on its color and the statistical likelihood of it being either FG or BG.
Step 8) Erode and blur the final mask according to [final alpha erosion] and [final alpha blur].
Note on step 7 - This determination is implemented in the simplest possible way: considering a single color channel, finding the average values in the known FG and BG regions within this ROI, and thresholding the unknown area at (FG_avg + BG_avg)/2. A more sophisticated and probably better-looking method would consider the whole 3D space, model the pixel colors in the FG and BG as Gaussian distributions based on their means and covariance matrices, and check each unknown pixel independently for its statistical distance from each distribution. (Edge detection, similarly, considers only a single color channel.)
June 29, 2012
An openFrameworks extension for image segmentation using the RGB+depth ability of a Kinect
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text: David Lehman is an Associate Professor of Commerce and Verizon Professor of Commerce at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. He studies basic questions related to organizational theory. One stream of his research focuses on organizational learning from performance feedback, with an emphasis on understanding the roles of risk taking, routines, rules, and time in organizational decision making. The other stream focuses on organizational identity, with an emphasis on understanding how audiences perceive and value authenticity in organizational products and services. He has conducted his research in a variety of domains, including professional sports, food and dining, and healthcare.


text:
How to draw Po from Kung Fu Panda. Learn to draw cartoon, Kung Fu Panda Po. From step by step drawing and video tutorial. Learn how to draw Manga, Anime, and comics. Drawing and sketching anime technique for manga, cartoon and comics. Draw and Sketch Cartoon character, Kung Fu Panda in action pose. Learn from Step by step and video tutorial. The process shows drawing and sketching video series of comic book characters that will help you gain knowledge of its cartoon anatomy and dynamics in the positioning of the figure and the details.
Po Ping or Po is the main protagonist of the Kung Fu Panda series. He is the adoptive son of Mr. Ping and one of Master Shifu's students at the Jade Palace. Po is also the prophesied Dragon Warrior, as well as the warrior of black and white. Po's dreams become reality when he joins the world of Kung Fu and studies alongside his idols, the legendary Furious Five (Tigress, Crane, Mantis, Viper and Monkey) under the leadership of their guru, Master Sifu.
Here is a drawing of Po from Kung Fu Panda.
Watch the drawing video tutorial how to draw Po from Kung Fu Panda
Here is an easy geometry break down of the character to understand the drawing.
Below are step by step drawing Po to go along with the video lesson with detail instruction.


text:
How far is Nanchong from Xining?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Xining and Nanchong. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 460.321 miles
- 740.814 kilometers
- 400.008 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 460.937 miles
- 741.806 kilometers
- 400.543 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Estimated flight time from Xining Caojiabao International Airport (XNN) to Nanchong Gaoping Airport (NAO) is 1 hour 22 minutes.
Time difference and current local times
There is no time difference between Xining and Nanchong.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 87 kg (192 pounds).
Xining to Nanchong flight map.
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Xining (XNN) → Nanchong (NAO).


text:
The Study of Formulations as a Key to an Interactional Semantics
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Deppermann, A. Hum Stud (2011) 34: 115. doi:10.1007/s10746-_PHONE_-8
- 224 Downloads
As an Introduction to the Special Issue on "Formulation, generalization, and abstraction in interaction," this paper discusses key problems of a conversation analytic (CA) approach to semantics in interaction. Prior research in CA and Interactional Linguistics has only rarely dealt with issues of linguistic meaning in interaction. It is argued that this is a consequence of limitations of sequential analysis to capture meaning in interaction. While sequential analysis remains the encompassing methodological framework, it is suggested that it needs to be complemented by analyzing semantic relationships between choices of formulation in the interaction, ethnography, and structural techniques of comparing selected options with possible alternatives. The paper describes the methodological approach taken to interactional semantics by the papers in the Special Issue, which analyse practices of generalization and abstraction in interaction as they are accomplished by formulations of prior versions of reference and description.


text:
Priority Information Used for the Processing of Japanese Sentences: Thematic Roles, Case Particles or Grammatical Functions?
Japanese sentence processing
The present study investigated scrambling effects on the processing of Japanese sentences and priority information used among thematic roles, case particles and grammatical functions. Reaction times for correct sentence decisions were significantly prolonged for scrambled active sentences with transitive verbs in the first experiment and with ditransitive verbs in the second experiment. Errors were made with scrambled sentences more than canonical sentences in both experiments, which suggested that scrambling effects were apparent in active sentences. Passive sentences in the third experiment indicated that canonical order defined based on case particles, not thematic roles, was more quickly and accurately identified than scrambled order. Potential sentences in the fourth experiment and causative sentences in the fifth experiment indicated that the processing of scrambled sentences based on grammatical functions, but not on case particles, required longer reaction times and resulted in higher error rates than canonical sentences. Consequently, scrambling effects in the present study indicated that neither thematic roles nor case particles can provide fully-satisfactory information for canonical phrase order, and that only grammatical functions offer satisfactory information in all types of sentences.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
Copyright (c) 2005 Springer "The original publication is available at _URL_"


Farmers losing crops to weather changes
Produce could be more expensive
 UPDATED 7:37 AM MST Jan 18, 2013
The extreme back and forth weather is killing crops and now, farmers are saying produce could be more expensive at the grocery store.
Months ago, the nation was in a severe drought and lacking water. Now the metro area is experiencing a cold snap. The harsh weather was too much of a toll on agriculture and therefore a lot of that agriculture didn't make it.
Wesely James, the general manager at Skarsgard Farms, told Action 7 News they've seen about $5,000 in damage over the last few months. While two acres of their 15 acre farm is in greenhouses and under plastic, the farm has still lost lettuce, kale and chard. James said because it has been so cold in the morning, a lot of the plants have gotten frost. In the afternoon, the sun beats down on the greenhouses, and the plants get really warm. Typically, the sun is good for the plants, but not when they have frost on them.
In addition, the plants lack water at times. When temperatures reach below freezing, the farm's irrigation pipes freeze and it takes a while to thaw out meaning throughout the day, water can't run.
"It's always a tricky time of year," he said.
James said they will likely keep their prices similar to what they were last year. He stresses buying local for that reason. Yet, produce coming from other areas will likely be a bit more in price compared to 2012.
Right now, the farm is harvesting carrots, beets, radishes and they have lavender planted as well. James said these plants can withstand the cold temperatures and extreme weather because the edible parts are beneath the ground.
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Fraction multiplication as scaling
Scaling or resizing means comparing the size of the product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the multiplication. Scaling a number by a fraction less than 1 will be lesser then the original number. Scaling a number by a fraction greater than 1 will be greater than the original number. Multiplication is denoted by a cross sign '×'. Fractions are numbers that can be expressed in the p/q form. Here p the numerator and q is the denominator of the fraction.
Example 1: Smith's family ate three fourths of all the cookies in 4 cookie boxes. Write the equation of the quantity they ate and is it lesser than or greater than 4?
Solution: Number of cookie boxes = 4.
The fraction of cookies eaten from all the boxes = 3/4.
The amount to cookies eaten = 4 x 3/4. (This is the equation)
Now checking for the multiplication as scaling.
We have 4 x 3/4 < 4 (Because the fraction 3/4 < 1)
Hence the amount eaten by the Smith's family is less than 4 boxes.
Question: Multiple choice question (Pick the correct option.)
Without multiplying the numbers which one will have the product greater than 2?
a) 2 x 5/4 b) 2 x 1/4 c) 2 x 4/4 d) None of these.
Correct answer: option a.
Explanation: The fraction 5/4 >1. Multiplying a number to a fraction greater than 1 will be greater than the given number.
Hence 2 x 5/4 > 2.
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text:
Yann Leguay (BE)
location: different locations
Rock engravings are among the oldest traces of human culture. To store information in a lasting way always was an urge of civilisation. By the time of their creation the engraved patterns, symbols and figures had some meaning and function, today this can be often only guessed or decoded with the knowledge of the historical context. 'Hardware' is a series of hand-sculpted stones, different sizes of rocks with technological objects and symbols engraved. For Tuned City this series will be extended by local stones, collected during walks around Mavromati and engraved with several symbols of sound media and their players of the younger history. 'Hardware' produces an archaeological contradiction, confronting notions of time, technology and memory.


text:
What do you need:
*sweater made of wool or fleece
What to do:
Charge the spoon by rubbing it on the sweater. Turn on the faucet with a gentle thin stream of water. Hold the spoon to the stream of water and watch it bend!
How does it work:
The electric charge attracts the uncharged water particles. Water Conducts electricity and draws the charge from the spoon. Tiny water particles in the air also take up electricity.
NOTE: I had to dry the sweater in the dryer for a few minutes to properly charge it before hand. Enjoy!


text:
The policeman stopped the car driver for regular control, the speed limit on the highway section was 120km / h, he legitimized the driver and asked him a few routine questions:
POLICEMAN: How long were you driving today?
DRIVER: I left Zagreb at 5.45 a.m. this morning.
POLICEMAN: Now it's exactly 10 a.m. From Zagreb you have crossed 510 km. It's very tedious.
DRIVER: No, not at all, because I like fast driving. After two hours of driving I made 20 minutes break, besides that I was stuck in traffic jam for another 20 minutes, and the rest of the ride went well.
POLICEMAN: (He paused and seemed to think), when he reached the conclusion, he told the driver: 'I think your driving this time will cost you a lot'.
The task: Understand the words of the Policeman!
Explanation: The time the driver came from Zagreb to the stop where the stop was:
10h – 5h and 45 min = 4h and 15min. What turned into hours is 4.25 h.
From that time on, he stood for 40 minutes (resting), which, when he had spoken in the hours:
40 min = (40: 60) h = 0.66 h.
From the data it can be seen that the driver was actively driving:
4.25 h – 0, 66 h = 3.6 h;
The length of the road that has so far switched is 510 km, the average speed with which the driver is driving can be calculated from the ratio:
Conclusion: The speed which is allowed to travel is 120km / h, so it is clear that the driver has exceeded the permitted speed. It is clear that the Policeman wanted to punish a driver for failure to comply with traffic regulations. Only what is not clear is that the Policeman so quickly came to the conclusion that the driver made a violation?


text:
Campbelltown, now a suburb/district captured as part of greater Sydney, is 50 kms southwest of the city centre. The Tharawal Aboriginal people lived here for 40 000 people. In On 1 December 1820 Campbelltown was named and founded by Governor Lachlan Macquarie. His wife, Elizabeth's family name was Campbell.
In the decades following World War II Campbelltown gradually change from a town, surrounded by rural land to a suburb of Sydney, with the development of new suburbs along the rail line towards Campbelltown.
This sculpture in Mawson park is of Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie. It was unveiled on 5 August 2006. The sculptor is renowned artist Tom Bass.
Bass's statue depicts Elizabeth Macquarie with a sunbonnet, apron and watering can, and surrounded by a bed of irises. Bass gained inspiration for the statue from local historical reports, which said Mrs Macquarie was known to have given bunches of irises to local settlers when accompanying her husband on his official visits. I'm glad I was there today in Iris blooming season!
The Anglican church in the background, St Peters, dates from 1823.


text:
To establish a new relation (which is the foreign key in terms of database management):
- press the Create relation button on the New object toolbar;
- click the entity where the referential constraint should be created;
- click the referred entity;
- specify new foreign key properties using Foreign key Editor.
Hint: To create a relation, you can also use the corresponding item of the context menu.
Once the relation is created, it is displayed as a line between two entities in the diagram area. The style the line is drawn is determined by the diagram notation.


text:
Category Archives: science
UCLA microbiologists have found a unique way to compose music – by mapping tones and rhythm to genetic sequences.
This Science Daily article explains:
In the music, individual amino acids are expressed as chords, and similar amino acids are paired. For example, the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine are both assigned a G major chord, but they can be distinguished because the notes in the chord are arranged differently. The music has a 20-note range spanning over two octaves, but with just 13 base notes.
The end result is an aural representation of the genetic sequence, which can be used as a teaching tool in molecular biology. The music is converted into MIDI files so that anyone can listen online. You can even submit any genetic sequences you may have lying around the house and have them instantly converted into music.