The question is $x = \arctan\frac 23 + \arctan\frac 12$. What is $\tan(x)$?
I'm having trouble figuring out how to calculate the arctan values without a calculator, or do I not even need to find these values to calculate what $\tan(x)$ is? Any help is greatly appreciated (I would show some sort of work, but I am actually completely stuck).
I know that the range of arctan is restricted to $(–90^\circ, 90^\circ)$ or $(-\pi/2, \pi/2)$, but i'm not sure how this helps.
Below is a solution based on right triangles.
enter image description here
Note that $y=\arctan\frac{2}{3}$, and $z=\arctan\frac{1}{2}$. It follows that $x = y + z$.
The question is then: Calculate $\frac{b}{a}$.
Since $a^2 + c^2 = 4$ and $\frac{a}{c} = \frac{2}{3}$, it follows that $a^{2} = \frac{16}{13}$.
Since $a^2 + b^2 = 5$, it follows that $b^2 = \frac{49}{13}$.
Thus, $\frac{b}{a} = \frac{7}{4}$.
The take-away should be that sometimes going to a more basic line of thought can get you unstuck on a problem. Also, this gives some insight on how you can derive the tangent of sums formula.
Use the formula $\tan(a+b)=\frac{\tan(a)+\tan(b)}{1-\tan(a)\tan(b)}$
Let $A=\arctan\frac 23,B=\arctan\frac 12$.
Then, $$\tan x=\tan(A+B)=\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A\tan B}=\frac{\frac 23+\frac 12}{1-\frac 23\cdot \frac 12}.$$
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|Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute||Home|
Because students are naturally inclined to read and write about topics that concern themselves and their experiences in the world, autobiography is an appealing genre to students. In reading autobiographical novels and essays, students can find realistic role models. In writing autobiographical essays, students can find a rhetorical method for self-reflection. In this sense, a unit on autobiography can prove to be a valuable teaching tool for students of all ages and ability levels. Esmeralda Santiago's novel When I Was Puerto Rican is an autobiography that traces Santiago's memoirs through her childhood in Puerto Rico and her transition from Puerto Rico to New York City. Her second memoir, Almost a Woman continues the spirited documentation of her adjustments and experiences as she grows up in New York City and attends the High School for Performing Arts. Santiago presents her work as an exploration of her search for identity and as a model for young people in their own search.
This curriculum unit is designed for an Advanced Placement (AP) English course for high school juniors, however it is easily adaptable to other secondary levels. The AP course is structured as an analysis of writing and rhetoric with an intense focus on preparation for the national Advanced Placement exam in language and composition, which students take in May. The main objectives of the unit are as follows. (1) Students will be able to identify and analyze and author's use of point of view. (2) Students will be able to identify and analyze the author's use of literary devices. (3) Students will be able to respond to the novel in terms of narrative style and technique as well as in relation to the novel's plot and themes.
(Recommended for English and AP English, grades 9-12.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How do you install a gable vent?
A vinyl gable vent is designed to ventilate stale air from the attic during the summer and prevent rain and snow from dripping through. Gable vents reduce heating and cooling costs.
Before installing the gable vent, remove any insulation that may be in the way with a utility knife.
Next, install the vent frame. Use boards to build a 2-by-4 square frame. Place the frame between the studs and the gable ends, and secure it with screws or nails. Factor in a 1 1/8 inch gap around the entire frame. When you are finished constructing the frame, drill 3/8-inch holes into the vent corners. These holes connect to the exterior of the house.
Mark the position of all of the holes with a pencil or piece of chalk on the roof, and connect the marks. This outline represents the vent opening. Saw along this line to cut out the opening.
Once the vent opening has been cut, see how the vent fits. If the vent fits straight, draw an outline for a flange. Use a circular saw to cut through the siding. Place the vent in the opening, and place the flange against the sheathing.
Finally, install flashing material around the vent opening. Flashing helps prevent water from seeping into the attic. Once the flashing is installed, lower the vent into place. Secure the vent with screws.
 1. doityourself.com
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Gold-plating is a term relating to European Union law, used particularly in the UK.
Gold-plating refers to the practise of national bodies exceeding the terms of European Community directives when implementing them into national law. In the United Kingdom business lobbyists argue that the government and its agencies often tag additional measures on to the back of European Directives which place UK business at a competitive disadvantage in relation to other EU states where directives are implemented more literally.
In Italy, gold-plating has often been used a device to pass through controversial measures and ensuring a lower degree of parliamentary scrutiny, particularly in periods of weak governments.
EU governments committed themselves to a deregulation agenda at the Lisbon Summit in 2000, and as a consequence the European Commission has supported more maximum harmonisation measures in recent years, which effectively prohibit gold-plating.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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MAY 16, 2012
Animals with Scales and Tails focus of unique kids' camp
Phoenix Herpetological Society offers serious learning and fun with reptile encounters
SCOTTSDALE – Phoenix Herpetological Society (PHS) is offering a week-long adventure for youth ages 9 to 14 with a strong interest in wildlife, particularly reptiles, this summer.
Campers will explore the fascinating world of reptiles and efforts to conserve Arizona's deserts, while working alongside herpetology experts. PHS' Reptile Encounters Summer Camp offers four Junior Camp sessions and five Advanced Camp sessions tailored to two age groups:
Junior (ages 9 to 11) – Weeks of May 28, June 11, June 25 and July 16
Advanced (ages 12 to 14) – Weeks of June 4, June 18, July 9, July 23 and July 30
Times: Sessions are Monday - Friday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Where: Phoenix Herpetological Society sanctuary - North Scottsdale (near Loop 101 and Scottsdale Road)
Cost: $275 per person, per session
Program fees include a camp T-shirt, water bottle, class and lab supplies, and healthy morning and afternoon snacks. Campers must supply their own lunches and drinks.
The PHS Reptile Encounters Summer Camp combines unique classroom and field sessions, including hands-on activities teaching the importance of co-existence with all animals, and respect and responsibility for often misunderstood reptiles. Through up-close encounters with a variety of animals (more than 1,400 onsite), campers discover the impact reptiles have in our desert as well as our planet – such as why we need them, and what our world would be like without them.
"Since PHS is a working sanctuary and rehabilitation facility, incoming animals that have been surrendered, rescued, relocated or need emergency treatment become teaching opportunities," says Wendy Cassidy of PHS. "Experiencing first-hand the conditions that some of these animals arrive in makes a big impact on campers. Observing the importance of quick assessment and treatment of an injured animal or the compassion we show toward a reptile owner forced to surrender his long-time pet are real-life situations that occur at the sanctuary."
Campers receive a Field Journal on the first day and learn to record data and observations like a real field biologist. Typical weekly activities include: daily animal care and maintenance, food preparation and feeding, observing veterinary procedures and techniques (including dissection), collecting and comparing research data, live animal programs and desert exploration.
Guest speakers from Arizona Game and Fish Department and other wildlife rescue organizations in the state will visit and share their experiences and knowledge as wildlife educators.
Space is limited and age requirements are firm, in order to make the most of each camper's experience.
For more information and to register online, go to _URL_, and click on the Reptile Encounters link on the home page.


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Climate and Severe Weather
This section explores a variety of topics relating to climate, with a focus on the relationship between water, weather and climate in Alberta. Climate conditions, including changing climate conditions because of global climate change, influence:
- water on the landscape,
- our water use needs, and
- water related hazards and severe weather events like drought and floods.
Learn more about…
Climate and water words worth knowing
Our changing climate and its effect on our shared water resources is an increasingly popular topic of discussion in government, academia, businesses and households. Conversations about climate can be heavily science based, and may frequently be accompanied by an array of terms that are critical to understanding climate issues and their solutions.
The history of climate in Alberta and effects of climate change on Alberta's watersheds
The main story for Alberta is that variability is a permanent feature of climate, however climate change is likely to increase the range of weather conditions we experience. This means the province can expect to see more drastic swings between warm and cold, wet and dry, and calm and wild weather. It also means we can expect to see temperatures, precipitation and weather conditions that have been extremely rare historically, or not been seen at all in Alberta.
Read more about climate change and Alberta's water.
Green versus Grey Infrastructure
Both green infrastructure and grey infrastructure can play an important role in water management in Alberta. However it is important to understand the differences and challenges these alternatives bring from economic, environmental, and social perspectives.
Learn more about green versus grey infrastructure.
Extreme weather: insurance and government's financial response
When recovering from extreme weather events, you may not always know where to turn. Sometimes there can seem to be an overwhelming number of resources to consult, while in other cases there can appear to be very few.
Learn more about recovering from extreme weather.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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EULESS, TEXAS. Euless is at the intersection of State highways 10 and 183, on the southwest side of the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, north of the West Fork of the Trinity River in Tarrant County. Bird's Fort was established at a site just south of the present city limits in 1841. The community began by 1845, when a small party of pioneers led by Isham Crowley reached the confluence of Big Bear and Little Bear creeks. There on the eastern edge of the site of present Euless, on the current airport grounds, a post office was founded in 1857, named Estill's Station, and a school, a church, a store, and a cotton gin were established. The post office closed in 1868. It reopened, 1881–1904, under the name Estelle. Most of the community gradually dissipated and moved to present Euless and Irving. A mile or more to the southwest, around 1876, a community hall-church-school building was erected. In 1881 Elisha Adam and Julia Euless from Tennessee built a home and cotton gin nearby, and the community began to thrive. Local farmers decided to honor the young man whose presence seemed to coincide with better times, and the community was named for him. The Euless post office opened in 1886 and closed in 1910. Euless farmers usually journeyed to Dallas to buy supplies and sell produce and cotton. In 1903 the Rock Island Railroad built a depot two miles south of Euless at Candon, whose name changed to Tarrant by 1905. Tarrant had a post office, 1905–23, and in the 1910s Tarrant may have had 100 people and Euless twenty-five. The Rock Island soon discontinued regular service, and the depot closed in the 1930s. By then Euless may have attained a population of 100, while Tarrant's was perhaps twenty-five. Tarrant gradually merged with Euless. From the early twentieth century to the mid-1930s Euless community life revolved around the general store run by the Fuller family, the Baptist and Methodist churches, and the Euless School, erected in 1913. The Tennessee Dairies receiving plant in Euless and the Fort Worth Sand and Gravel Company just south of town in the Trinity bottoms opened operations in the 1920s, aiding a number of local farm families in supplementing meager farm incomes. The brewing and sale of illegal whiskey during prohibition, 1919–33, was another economic stimulus in the area. Electricity arrived in 1929, and the school achieved high school status in 1934. After the stimulus of World War II there were perhaps 300 people in Euless and Tarrant by the end of the 1940s. The Euless post office reopened in 1949. A crisis moved the community to the edge of violence. In 1949 black parents in Mosier Valley refused to obey new orders from the Euless school superintendent, which called for the busing of their children outside their district to Fort Worth. There were closer schools in Euless, but they had always been for whites only. The Mosier Valley elementary school was a tattered branch of the Euless district. A district judge ruled that Texas law provided that students had a right to be educated in their own districts and that a district's schools were supposed to be funded impartially. Texas at the time had some 1,100 districts that bused blacks to other districts, and it appeared for some months as though segregation in Texas might stand or fall on the Euless case. Blacks entered the Euless school on September 4, 1950, in an attempt at enrollment, and the building was soon surrounded by a hostile crowd of some 150 whites. The school superintendent informed his black audience in the auditorium that he had to enforce the state's segregation laws. Blacks returned to the Mosier Valley school, which was quickly refurbished by white authorities. The village incorporated in 1951, disincorporated in 1952 over water and sewer taxes, and reincorporated in 1953. The Euless school district merged with Hurst in 1955 and was joined by Bedford in 1958. The HEB district desegregated in 1968. Growth was enhanced in the early 1950s by the paving of old State Highway 183 and Farm Road 157 and the construction of Amon Carter (Air) Field on the eastern edge of Euless, which opened in 1953. The Euless Chamber of Commerce was established in 1952 and merged with that of Hurst in 1955. The Menasco Manufacturing Company, which made airplane parts, was an important local manufacturer. American Airlines began moving its installations to Euless in 1957. The population surged to over 4,200 in 1960. In 1967 Euless voted 211 to 133 to merge with smaller Bedford, but an overwhelming majority in Bedford opposed it. Hurst, Euless, and Bedford all approved the establishment of a joint hospital district in 1969. Euless's population climbed to 19,300 in 1970, but the completion of Airport Freeway and the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport drove land prices out of reach for most of the decade. The population increased only to 24,000 in 1980. The town is heavily committed to arboreal beautification, reflected dramatically in its annual Arbor Daze fair launched in 1989. The DFW Airport's announcement to expand a new west side runway in 1988 triggered an acrimonious conflict with Euless and a prolonged legal tussle. The town could lose $100,000,000 worth of property. Euless had a population of over 38,000 in 1990.
Clippings File, Euless Public Library. Historic Resources Survey: Selected Tarrant County Communities (Fort Worth: Historic Preservation Council for Tarrant County, 1990). Janet L. Schmelzer, Where the West Begins: Fort Worth and Tarrant County (Northridge, California: Windsor, 1985).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.George N. Green, "EULESS, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed April 18, 2015. Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


The Call of the Wild Summary
Summary (Critical Survey of Literature for Students)
The Call of the Wild
The Call of the Wild Summary (Masterpieces of American Literature)
The Call of the Wild was London's first success, and it represented an imaginative recasting of strands of thought from Darwinism and literary naturalism. The general concept of the book is a clever play on themes generated by attacks on the theory of evolution. Religious writers ridiculed the evolutionists' idea that humans were the descendants of prehistoric apes and poured scorn on the concept that a being with a godlike soul shared traits with other members of the animal kingdom. Thinkers of this ilk lambasted writers such as Frank Norris, who in McTeague showed animal traits appearing in his characters when they were under stress.
London found a creative way to sidestep such objections, while maintaining central evolutionary tenets. Rather than showing a person descending to animalistic behavior, he describes a dog making such a descent. Certainly a dog is already an animal, but in The Call of the Wild, through a series of misadventures, a pampered domestic dog is transformed into an Arctic wolf.
A central motor of this transformation is the influence of the environment. The dog protagonist, Buck, has adapted to life as a doted-on member of the family, but his life is imperiled by the Alaskan gold rush. Sled dogs are at a premium, and dognappers are scouring the country for hardy brutes. Buck is stolen and sold north to a government courier, Perrault, and learns to adapt to the hard life of pulling a dogsled through the snowy wastes.
Buck's adaptation is eased by the revival of ancestral traits. As London notes, "not only did he learn by experience, but instincts long dead became alive.... [h]e remembered back to... the time the wild-dogs ranged in packs through the primeval forest." Such a note was often struck in Darwinian novels that described human behavior. In the already noted McTeague, the hero's wife, Trina, becomes increasingly miserly as characteristics of her German peasant forebears come to life. More startlingly, the hero, McTeague, when pursued by the police, resurrects lost animal behaviors, such as wonderfully keen hearing. The ethnic note is also sounded. Where writers describing humans noted the part that racial qualities played in the individual personality, London sees the same type of qualities accounting for Buck's growing superiority over the other dogs in the team: "His cunning was wolf cunning... his intelligence, shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence."
The novel is more than a vigorous endorsement of such biological themes; it is also a Bildungsroman, that is, a novel concerned with the education of the protagonist to the ways of the world. Bought by Perrault, Buck's main teachers are the seasoned sled dogs. He learns from them, for example, that he must not only "wolf" down his food ration to avoid having it stolen by other canines but must try to rob others' portions to increase his prestige. Buck caps this stage of his education by killing the top dog and assuming his post.
These examples may suggest that a dog's life is all violence and competition, but, in fact, primitivism has two faces. London's unusual subject allows him to see virtues in a return to an aboriginal state that could not be found if humans were his subjects. To continue using Norris's novel as a counterpoint, when McTeague becomes as wily as a hunted animal, there is little but degradation in his reversion to earlier animal patterns. When Buck recalls his ancestors' activities, however, there is the feeling that he is returning to a truer world. Life is hard there but authentic. The pampered house dog could never experience the joy of the hunt. Buck is "ranging at the head of the pack... [in] an ecstasy that marks the summit of life."
The shift in perspective allows London to stand the typical ending of the Darwinian novel on its head. In Zola's Le Bête humaine (1890; The Human Beast, 1891), for example, the complete emergence of the protagonist's hereditary tendency to alcoholism leads to villainous actions. In London's novel, in sharp contrast, when Buck is at his most savage he is also most completely fulfilling his potential—utilizing his brain, muscles, and heart to the utmost.
After running a gamut of human masters, Buck is obtained by the kindly John Thornton, who allows him to wander in the woods, where he learns to hunt. One day Buck returns from an expedition to find Thornton killed by Indians; his last ties to humanity have been cut, so he gives in to the call of the wild. He ends the novel at the head of a wolf pack, a legend to the Indians.
Such an upbeat ending was out of keeping with the general tenor of fiction that dealt with such themes, but it was appropriate for a work that had shifted the terrain of such writing from human to canine society. The optimistic but logically consistent presentation of how the law of the jungle could turn the protagonist from a civilized pet into a legend of the wilderness won readers who could not stomach the representation of similar themes in a human milieu.
The Call of the Wild Overview
A gripping, fast-paced tale of adventure, The Call of the Wild focuses on Buck, a pampered sheepdog stolen from a California ranch and...
(The entire section is 133 words.)
The Call of the Wild Summary
Chapter 1: Into the Primitive
Buck is a dog living with Judge Miller at a sprawling ranch in Santa Clara Valley, California. He...
(The entire section is 1109 words.)


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Important species are increasingly becoming endangered on private lands largely left unregulated by federal and state laws. The gopher tortoise is one such species. The tortoise is a keystone species, meaning that upon its existence numerous other species exist. Despite its importance, tortoise populations have declined by 80% - partly due to development pressures, but primarily due to forest management practices which have reduced the longleaf pine ecosystem upon which it depends. This article focus on legal and policy issues associated with both development and forest management. Because private forest management practices are the primary cause of tortoise decline, the article concludes by suggesting management practices which can benefit both private landowners and the tortoise. Blake Hudson, J.D. candidate, Duke Law '07.
Blake Hudson, Promoting and Establishing the Recovery of Endangered Species on Private Lands: A Case Study of the Gopher Tortoise (Duke Law, Student Paper Series) (2007)


Robotics Research Lab
USC Computer Science
USC Engineering
/ Research / Projects / Volume-Based Human Motion Capture
Motivation Model-Based Approach Model-Free Approach Examples
Movies Publications Contact
Collecting motion data is an important tool in controlling robots. Traditional approaches of motion capture usually use labels for passive markers. They suffers from several problems such as occlusions or cumbersome equipments. In the past few years, methods of markerless, unconstrained posture estimation using only cameras has received much attention from computer vision researchers. One of these methods is volume-based approach. Instead of deriving kinematic models directly from 2D images, this method first builds an intermediate 3D volume feature of the capture subject. Then fit a 3D body model is to the volume data. Here we proposed an approach for model-free, markerless, volume-based motion capture of humans. It is centered on generating underlying nonlinear axes (or a skeleton curve) from a volume of a human subject captured from multiple calibrated cameras.
Model-Based Approach
We set up cameras around the area where the observed person acted. Then extract volume data using voxel carving. The focus of our approach is to estimate the skeletal curves of the volume data, from which the kinematic posture can be estimated. The main assumption of our approach is that volume data is generated from a human body model consists of rigid body parts with linear central axes (such as a cylinder) connected by revolute joints. And the degrees of freedom provided by the revolute joints introduce nonlinearity into the volume data. By eliminating the nonlinearity in the data, the body model can be placed into a pose-invariant posture, such as a "Da Vinci" posture. Thus the skeleton curves can be easily found.
 1. Collect volume data from multiple cameras placed around the observed area, using voxel carving.
 2. Apply Isomap to the volume data of each time frame, And get the "da Vinci" posture in the domensionally reduced feature space.
 3. Place concentric spherical shells on the "da Vinci" posture to estimate skeletal points.
 4. Connect adjacent skeletal point to form skeletal curves. Then project those points back to original data space.
Volume data of human body Isomap embedding Spherical shells
Volume data of human body The "da Vinci" posture after applying Isomap Spherical shells placed at the "da Vinci" porsure
Tree structure Tree structure & skeletal curves
Skeletal curves derived from da Vinci posture Skeletal curves
After the skeletal curves and points are estimated. The segmentation ov different body parts are relatively easy.
 1. Bound the head voxels with a sphere model.
 2. Bound the torso with rigid cylinder model.
 3. Segment the four limbs to match two-link articulations models.
 4. Derive the joint angles from the segmentation.
Head segmentation Segment the torso
Head Segmentation Torso segmentation
Arm segmentation Segmentation result BVH output
Arm segmentation Segmentation result Estimated joint angles
Model-Free Approach
The model-free approach assumes arbitrary kinematic topology with rigid linear links. It derive appropriate kinematic model and capture its motion.
Given the volume data, this approach goes
 1. Model and pose estimation step: For each frame in the sequence, estimate a kinematic model and pose specific to the frame volume.
 - Classify skeleton curve root and branching nodes as certain joints
 - Segment skeleton curve branch to find other joints, using skewness of the voxel data long the curves. Those segmented joint points are recorded on the branch.
 2. Model refinement step: Produce a normalized kinematic model for the sequence
 - Align the specific kinematic models across all frames. Taking human data as example, match the left leg of the previous frame to the left leg of the next frame.
 - Collapse models on each other. Again using human data as example, collapse the points representing knees of the left leg in all of the frames to form a sequence of 1-D data.
 - Given the clusters of joint points of each limb, use density estimation algorithms to estimate normalized common joint locations across models.
 3. Motion refinement step: Estimate motion of normalized kinematic model with respect to the volume sequence
 - Re-apply refined model to each skeleton curve in the sequence.
 - For each data frame, for each branch in the curve, mark estimated joints locations on the curve.
 - Derive joint angles of each joints, and thus the posture of the curves.
Jumping jack:
Jumping jack image Jumping jack volume Jumping jack da Vinci Jumping jack BVH
Waving image Waving volume data Waving da Vinci Wave BVH
Walking image Walking volume data Walking da Vinci Walking BVH
"Towards Model-free Markerless Motion Capture", Chi-Wei Chu, Odest Chadwicke Jenkins, Maja J Mataric'. [pdf]
"Markerless Kinematic Model and Motion Capture from Volume Sequences", Chi-Wei Chu, Odest Chadwicke Jenkins, Maja J Mataric'. To appear in IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2003 (CVPR 2003) [pdf]
Chi-Wei Chu
Odest Chadwicke Jenkins
Maja J Mataric'


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Researchers in Kerala to use modern techniques for DNA analysis
Alison is not aware of her white cousin housed in a rescue centre at Puducherry. She, however, is on chattering terms with the grey striped version of her species scurrying about in a cage near hers in the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, here.
Ever since she was captured from the outskirts of the city in 2008, the black squirrel, named after a United Kingdom-based scientist who helped identify the animal, has been the subject of intense scientific curiosity.
Following up on preliminary investigations that have confirmed the black and white animals to be variants of the Indian striped palm squirrel, researchers here have launched a mission to decipher the genetic causes of the colour change.
The multi-institutional project will use modern techniques for DNA analysis.
Efforts are focussed on identifying the chromosome responsible for the genetic mutation in the grey squirrel, and the resultant colour change.
"Apparently, one of the genes in the animal acted as a switch to activate the change in pigmentation," explains Oommen V. Oommen, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Emeritus Scientist, who heads the project.
While the research team has black and grey squirrels in its possession, the scientists have collected blood and hair samples of the white variant from Puducherry where the animal is kept in a rescue centre operated by the Forest Department.
Unlike the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada where the black squirrel has attained sizeable populations, there have been no reports of the mutant versions being sighted anywhere else in India.
"We had earlier carried out gene sequencing to establish that the black squirrel is a variant of Funambulus palmarum [Indian three-striped palm squirrel]. That work will have to be repeated to ascertain the mutation responsible for melanisation [black pigmentation]," says Dr. Oommen.
"Our attempt is to understand the basic science behind the colour change, what it is that throws the switch. The project could have far reaching implications for mankind. It would perhaps obviate the need to use bleaching creams for a fair skin or have a sunbath for a tan."
The sequencing programmes are expected to generate meaningful data in the next two months.
The team includes Dr. Sanal George, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Dr. Dileep Kumar, Anaswara Krishnan and Dr. Achuth Sankar S. Nair; Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; K. Ramachandran and A.S. Vijayasree, Department Of Zoology, University of Kerala; Dr. Divya, Central University, Kasaragode; Dr. Helen Mcrobie, East Anglia University, Cambridge; Dr. M.A. Akbarsha, Bharatidasan University; Dr. Anil Kumar, Deputy Conservator Of Forests, Puducherry; and Dr. Jacob Alexander, Veterinary surgeon, Thiruvananthapuram Zoo.
This is not the first time Dr. Oommen and his team have been on the trail of animals exhibiting abnormal colour characteristics. The scientists have already lined up their next project, to carry out gene sequencing of a hen that changes colour.
Belonging to a small-time farmer near here, the bird has acquired a celebrity status for its ability to change from black to white and back without shedding feathers. "Unlike the squirrel, the switch seems to be active throughout the life of the bird," says Dr. Oommen.


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It depends almost entirely on how much data is being displayed in the document. Geospatial datasets can vary over several orders of magnitude ranging from bytes to terabytes, and so too do GeoPDF and all PDF documents. Here are some general rules:
- If no feature attributes are placed in the GeoPDF document, the PDF representation (e.g., the PDF file) is generally smaller than the data used to create it.
- If all the feature attributes are included in the PDF file, it's often larger, sometimes substantially so, than the data used to create it, although using GeoPackage feature attributes with TerraGo Publisher for ArcGIS can mitigate this substantially.
- One case where GeoPDF documents are almost always larger than their non-TerraGo analogs is when the TerraGo Publisher for ArcGIS capability to include layers with scale-dependent visibility is used. In this case, Publisher will add layers that wouldn't be added otherwise, meaning that more information was packed into the resultant document at the cost of the space to store it.


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Dr. Molefi Kete Asante, Professor and Chair of the Department of Africology and African American Studies at Temple University in Philadelphia,
We Are on YOUTUBE
Post African Futures Episodes
What is futurelab/africa?
It is a podcast series hopes to breed curiosity by inviting the you to use your imagination and think creatively with reckless abandon. The show is a call to explore African modes of science and technology outside of lab spaces and innovation labs. We seek to find what does technology, science, nature, the environment and the nature of experimentation really mean in the context of African people's lived realities.


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There are more than 30 different ways to lace up shoes. Try teaching your children how to lace shoes in this fancy spiderweb style.
What you need:
- 1 pair of lace up shoes with at least four pairs of eyelet holes
Watch the how-to video to find out how to lace shoes in the spiderweb style.
- This decorative method is worn on military boots and looks great on long boots.
- Start on the second eyelet holes from the bottom. Go straight through from one side to the other.
- Now take the end of the shoelace straight down and into the bottom eyelet hole on each side.
- Now cross over and go diagonally up to the next vacant set of eyelets on the opposite side.
- Now go down and hook through the lace directly below, take the shoelace diagonally up to the next vacant eyelet.
- Do the same on the other side.
- Keep going that way, hooking down through the lace below on the outside, then diagonally up and through from the inside of the shoe, until you have laced your shoes to the top.
- See the intricate spiderwebbing you have formed? Cool!


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It Takes Guts: Peak Performance in Pigs Starts with Gut Health
It Takes Guts: Peak Performance in Pigs Starts with Gut Health
It Takes Guts
If there's one thing we know about pigs, it's their love for food. A lot of food. We even use the terms such as "eat like a pig" or "pigging out." Since swine are always on the lookout for their next meal, make sure the feed you're putting in front of them will have a positive impact on their health and life-stage needs.
Today, pork producers face many challenges, with gut health being at the top of their list. Research has shown a more efficient immune system and a healthier gut can lead to increased production, performance, feed efficiency, and overall wellness. Understanding the important role gut health playst can result in happier, healthier hogs.
How to Observe a Healthy Gut
Overcoming today's stress challenges in swine requires a healthy, stable gut environment under all conditions, during every phase of production. Healthy populations of beneficial gut bacteria help pigs resist stress and perform better. So, how can you tell if a pig's gut is healthy? Observation is key. Here is what to look for:
 - Are pigs alert, energized, and moving around?
 - Are pigs eating? Is there a loss of appetite?
 - Are pigs displaying normal behavior?
Indicators of poor gut health also include:
 - Diarrhea
 - Poor body condition
 - Weight loss
If you notice any of these symptoms in your swine, chances are something is off. Be sure to constantly keep a close watch for pigs with these problems.
Promoting Gut Health in Piglets
Piglets nursingEstablishing gut health in piglets plays an important role throughout their entire life cycle, and it all starts in the pen. Make sure piglets are getting enough colostrum and milk in the early stages as this is critical for overall health and development of their gut. In pig production, weaning is an extremely stressful time. An abrupt separation of a piglet from its mom can contribute to nutritional and environmental stressors. This can then cause immune dysfunctions, leading to decreased piglet health, growth, and performance. The transition from sow's milk to dry feed can also cause a microbial shift and affect their gut health.
During this period, the immune system of piglets will be immature and more susceptible to pathogens. In order to maintain a healthy gut in piglets, consider incorporating an immune support product that promotes the activity of beneficial bacteria in the young pig's gastrointestinal tract. Improved gastrointestinal health translates to better-performing pigs that are more capable of reaching their genetic potential. In the end, this can lead to overall health, feed intake, and weight gain.
Promoting Gut Health in Sows
When it comes to sows, demand for increased liter size continues to grow. Because of this, sows constantly deal with the stress that comes with farrowing and successfully raising pigs. Other sources of stress include environment and disease. Although we try to minimize challenges, animals can still be affected, compromising health and performance. To combat these challenges, you should incorporate an immune support product for pigs that supports robust digestive health by balancing the immune system and gut microbiota. Supporting a sow's immune system ultimately leads to improved litter weaning weight, number of pigs weaned, and sow health and wellness. Sow health and management are the foundation of a pig farm. Make sure the breeding cycle is planned and prioritized. In the long run, you can avoid health problems that show up along the way.
Like humans, pigs' nutritional requirements change throughout their lifetime. With these changes also come challenges. Incorporating an immune support product, such as SynGenX® / Dia-V Nursery (depending on your region) that can meet these life stage needs by maintaining immune strength for optimal health, wellness, and performance in sows, piglets, and grower/finisher pigs. Positive gut health can have long-lasting effects on animal performance, herd health, and producer returns. By continuously changing feed to reflect their requirements, it can result in happier, healthier hogs.


text: Criterion of the synchronization (CS) of cells division for S. typhi population is proposed. The criterion is based on the assumption of the normal distribution of cells with different generation time in the population after stressor (shock) action. CS is equal to the ratio of the dispersion of the generation time of cells in the population to the average generation time of the whole population and determined from the parameters of the mathematical model. The quantitative values of the parameters of the mathematical model were obtained by the minimization of error between the calculation and experimental data. CS was used for the evaluation and choice of the optimum stressor action in the synchronization of the division of S. typhi.


text:
Side Effects of Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
Runny or stuffy nose, other nasal symptoms, and back pain are the most common side effects of calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Rare side effects (occurring in less than 1 percent of people) include flushing, cough, and gas. Certain calcitonin salmon nasal spray side effects are potentially serious and may require prompt medical attention, including frequent nosebleeds, depression, and severe nasal irritation.
As with any medicine, side effects are possible with calcitonin salmon nasal spray (Fortical® nasal spray, Miacalcin® nasal spray); however, not everyone who takes the medication will experience side effects. In fact, most people tolerate it quite well. If side effects do occur, in most cases, they are minor and either require no treatment or can easily be treated by you or your healthcare provider.
(This article covers many, but not all, of the possible side effects with calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Your healthcare provider can discuss a more complete list of calcitonin salmon nasal spray side effects with you.)
Some side effects with calcitonin salmon nasal spray, while occurring infrequently, are potentially serious and should be reported immediately to your healthcare provider. These include but are not limited to:
- Severe or frequent nosebleeds
- Severe nasal irritation
- Signs of an allergic reaction, including unexplained rash, hives, itching, unexplained swelling, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.


text:
Submitted to: Biological Systems Simulation Group Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/14/2008
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: The ability to simulate the effects of nitrogen on leaf growth and canopy development is important for potato simulation models that can be used to manage nitrogen applications. Most models simulate the effects of nitrogen on canopy growth at the whole plant level, i.e., the plant is viewed as a "big leaf". Recently, more mechanistic, leaf level models of photosynthesis have been developed to better estimate carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration rates as a function of environmental and basic physiological variables. In order to scale the simulations to the whole plant level, information on the growth of individual leaves is necessary. The relationship between carbon assimilation and N uptake is further complicated by atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the effects on carbon assimilation rate, carbon partitioning and N content in the plant. The objective of this study was to quantify leaf expansion rates in potato as a function of nitrogen application rate and CO2 level. Data on leaf growth rates were obtained from an experiment with potato carried out in pots in outdoor daylit growth chambers. Six N levels (2 to 14 mM N) and two CO2 levels (ambient and twice ambient) were applied with irrigation. A day/night temperature regime of 23/18 oC was maintained. Length and width were measured two times a week on selected mainstem and apical leaves. A Gompertz type equation was used to smooth the leaf area data. Leaf growth rates were calculated from the change in area over time and relative leaf age (Fleisher and Timlin, 2006). An empirical function was determined from the data to calculate the effect of N level on maximum leaf expansion rate The conclusions from this study are 1) the rate of expansion of a leaf and its final area are functions of nitrogen availability but the growth duration is not, and 2) carbon limitations also affect leaf expansion rates, especially for higher order leaves in potato. A function for leaf expansion rate that accounts for leaf age effects on growth rate with temperature and nitrogen adjustments appears to be a promising method to simulate leaf expansion in potato.


text:
|Veterinary Students get a Rare Chance to Study Green Iguanas|
STILLWATER, Okla.—Thanks to a Florida zoo, veterinary students at Oklahoma State University's Center for Veterinary Health Sciences were able to see a special dissection of the Green Iguana recently. Drs. Jim Lish and Lara Maxwell presented the class for 15 veterinary students interested in zoo and exotic medicine.
The animals were supplied by a veterinarian at the Metrozoo in Miami, Florida. The zoo was becoming overpopulated with Green Iguanas and had to thin the population. A notice was sent to veterinary schools across the country that the animals would be available for dissection.
Dr. Maxwell is an expert on Green Iguana medicine and has co-authored a book on the subject. She discussed gross anatomy of the Green Iguana, surgical approaches, common clinical procedures, neutering and many more important topics. The largest specimen was 5.5 feet in length.
"Green Iguanas are a common exotic pet sold in many pet shops nationwide," explains Dr. Lish. "This was a rare opportunity for our veterinary students to learn about these animals."
Both Drs. Lish and Maxwell are assistant professors in the Department of Physiological Sciences at the OSU Center for Veterinary Health Sciences.


text: In 1929, at a time when demand for luxury objects had dwindled because of the international economic crisis, the Manufacture's watchmakers set themselves the challenge of creating the world's smallest watch movement. They miniaturised the Duoplan calibre to the limit. The Calibre 101 weighed barely one gram and had 74 parts. Crafted in extremely small quantities, but in continuous production, its record is still unmatched to date. For her coronation in 1953, Queen Elizabeth II of England wore a watch that used this superlative mechanism.


text:
Tydol 100mg is a pain medication that has gained popularity in recent years due to its effectiveness in managing moderate to severe pain, including chronic pain and neuropathic pain. So let's learn all about this medication in post.
What is Tydol 100mg?
Tydol 100mg is a pain medication that contains the active ingredient tapentadol. It is classified as an opioid and is used to manage moderate to severe pain, including chronic pain conditions and neuropathic pain.
Tydol 100mg works by binding to certain receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce pain signals.
It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations and is typically prescribed by a healthcare provider.
What is Active ingredient?
An active ingredient is a component of a medication that produces a therapeutic effect in the body.
It is the chemical or biological substance that is responsible for the medication's intended purpose.
In the case of Tydol 100mg, the active ingredient is tapentadol, which binds to certain receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce pain signals.
How Does Tydol Work in our Body?
It works by binding to certain receptors in the brain and spinal cord called mu-opioid receptors.
- By binding to these receptors, tapentadol reduces the transmission of pain signals throughout the body, resulting in pain relief.
- In addition, tapentadol also works on norepinephrine reuptake, a neurotransmitter that is involved in pain signalling.
- By inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake, tapentadol enhances the body's natural pain-relieving mechanisms.
- This dual mechanism of action makes Tydol 100mg effective in managing various types of pain, including neuropathic pain.
What are the Uses of Tydol 100mg?
Tydol 100mg is a pain medication that is used to manage moderate to severe pain, including chronic pain and neuropathic pain.
It is typically prescribed for conditions such as back pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, and other chronic pain conditions that have not responded to other treatments. Tydol 100mg may also be used to manage acute pain, such as postoperative pain or pain associated with injuries.
What are the General dosage guidelines?
The general dosage guidelines for Tydol 100mg may vary depending on the individual patient's medical history, the severity of their pain, and other factors.
It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by the prescribing healthcare provider.
The usual starting dose of Tydol 100mg for adults is 50mg to 100mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain.
The maximum daily dose of Tydol 100mg is 600mg. For elderly patients or patients with liver or kidney problems, the starting dose may be lower.
What are the possible Side Effects?
Like all medications, Tydol 100mg may cause side effects in some patients. The most common side effects of Tydol 100mg include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness and drowsiness
- Dry mouth
In some cases, Tydol 100mg may also cause more serious side effects, such as:
- Respiratory depression (slow and shallow breathing)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
What are Precautions and Warnings?
There are several precautions and warnings associated with the use of Tydol 100mg. Some of these include:
- Tydol 100mg should be used with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse or addiction, as the medication can be habit-forming and lead to addiction.
- Tydol 100mg should not be taken with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, as this can increase the risk of respiratory depression and other serious side effects.
- Tydol 100mg should not be used during pregnancy, as it may cause harm to the developing fetus.
- Tydol 100mg should not be used in nursing mothers, as it can be excreted in breast milk and cause harm to the infant.
- It is important to discuss any medical conditions or medications you are taking with your healthcare provider before taking Tydol 100mg to determine if it is safe for you to use.
What are the Storage Instructions for this?
- Tydol 100mg should be stored at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C), in a dry place away from light and moisture.
- Keep it out of the reach of youngsters and dogs. It is important to check the expiration date before taking Tydol 100mg, as expired medication may not be effective or safe to use.
- If you have any unused or expired Tydol 100mg, you should dispose of it properly according to local regulations.
- Do not flush medication down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so by a healthcare provider or a pharmacist.
1.) Can Tydol 100mg be addictive?
Yes, Tydol 100mg is a Schedule II controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and addiction. Patients should only take the medication under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
2.) How is Tydol 100mg different from other pain medications?
Tydol 100mg is a relatively new pain medication that is classified as an opioid. It is similar in structure to other opioids like oxycodone and hydrocodone, but it also has some unique properties that make it effective for managing certain types of pain, particularly neuropathic pain.
3.) Can Tydol 100mg be taken with other medications?
It is important to check with a healthcare provider before taking Tydol 100mg with other medications, as it may interact with certain drugs. Specifically, Tydol 100mg should not be taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or other medications that affect serotonin levels.
4.) How long does it take for Tydol 100mg to start working?
The immediate-release formulation of Tydol 100mg typically starts working within 30 minutes to an hour after taking the medication. The extended-release formulation takes longer to take effect, typically within 2-3 hours.
5.) Can Tydol 100mg be taken during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
It is not recommended to take Tydol 100mg during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, as it may harm the developing fetus or newborn. Patients should consult with their healthcare provider before taking the medication if they are pregnant or breastfeeding.
6.) What should I do if I miss a dose of Tydol 100mg?
If a dose of Tydol 100mg is missed, patients should take the missed dose as soon as possible, unless it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose. In this case, patients should skip the missed dose and resume their regular dosing schedule. It is crucial not to increase the dosage to compensate for a missed one.
7.) What are the alternatives to Tydol?
- Aspadol 100mg
- Etadol 100 mg
- Tapaday 100mg
- Tapal 100mg
- Tapidol 100mg
- Tapfree 100mg
- Aspadol 150 mg


Sophia the First Robot Citizen is Coming to Malta
Among the usual suspects of speakers and advocates at the Malta Blockchain Summit, there is a curious addition to the speaker list: Sophia the Robot. Sophia is a social humanoid robot, that was the first artificially intelligent robot to be awarded full citizenship in Saudi Arabia.
Speakers at the Malta Blockchain Summit
Her artificial intelligence allows her to respond to simple questions, and can recognize and mimic human facial expressions. She is also capable of maintaining eye contact during a conversation, and recognizing people. Sophia is by no means sentient, or "Alive" as her creators claim, but she is certainly an impressive engineering feat.
Human rights for Robots
sophia-robotHer existence and continued development does raise the important question of the potential of Artificial intelligence. To be clear, some experts are very skeptical of how intelligent Sophia really is.
But then we have other advancements such as Google Duplex, that could call businesses to make reservations for you. Artificial intelligence is already, arguably, capable of fooling humans into thinking they are interacting with a living, thinking being.
Humanoid robots currently fall into the uncanny valley. They may look and sound like humans, but something about them always seems off. You can still tell you're speaking with a robot. However, in the future with further advancements in artificial intelligence, and robotics who's to say they won't become more and more convincing? At what point can we start arguing whether something alive, or truly intelligent?
These are questions that we will be facing in the very near future. Will Malta be as embracing of robots and artificial intelligence, as it was with blockchain?
Are you excited to see Sophia in Malta? Let us know in the comment section below.


Doc Menu
Best Practices for Three-Node Hybrid Deployment
For a TiDB cluster, if you have no requirements on high performance but need to control the cost, you can deploy the TiDB, TiKV, and PD components on three machines in a hybrid way.
This document offers an example of three-node hybrid deployment and a TPC-C test against the deployed cluster. Based on this example, this document offers best practices for the deployment scenario and its parameter adjustment.
Prerequisites for deployment and the test method
In this example, three physical machines are used for deployment, each with 16 CPU cores and 32 GB of memory. On each machine (node), one TiDB instance, one TiKV instance, and one PD instance are deployed in a hybrid way.
Because PD and TiKV both store information on the disk, the read and write latency of disk directly affects the latency of the PD and TiKV services. To avoid the situation that PD and TiKV compete for disk resources and affect each other, it is recommended to use different disks for PD and TiKV.
In this example, the TPC-C 5000 Warehouse data is used in TiUP bench and the test lasts 12 hours with the terminals parameter set to 128 (concurrency). Close attention is paid to metrics related to performance stability of the cluster.
The image below shows the QPS monitor of the cluster within 12 hours with the default parameter configuration. From the image, you can see an obvious performance jitter.
QPS with default config
After the parameter adjustment, the performance is improved.
QPS with modified config
Parameter adjustment
Performance jitter occurs in the image above, because the default thread pool configuration and the resource allocation to background tasks are for machines with sufficient resources. In the hybrid deployment scenario, the resources are shared among multiple components, so you need to limit the resource consumption via configuration parameters.
The final cluster configuration for this test is as follows:
 readpool.unified.max-thread-count: 6
 server.grpc-concurrency: 2
 storage.scheduler-worker-pool-size: 2
 gc.max-write-bytes-per-sec: 300K
 rocksdb.max-background-jobs: 3
 rocksdb.max-sub-compactions: 1
 rocksdb.rate-bytes-per-sec: "200M"
 performance.committer-concurrency: 4
 performance.max-procs: 8
The following sections introduce the meanings and the adjustment methods of these parameters.
Configuration of TiKV thread pool size
This section offers best practices for adjusting parameters that relate to the resource allocation of thread pools for foreground applications. Reducing these thread pool sizes will compromise performance, but in the hybrid deployment scenario with limited resources, the cluster itself is hard to achieve high performance. In this scenario, the overall stability of the cluster is preferred over performance.
If you conduct an actual load test, you can first use the default configuration and observe the actual resource usage of each thread pool. Then you can adjust the corresponding configuration items and reduce the sizes of the thread pools that have lower usage.
The default value of this parameter is 80% of the number of machine threads. In a hybrid deployment scenario, you need to manually calculate and specify this value. You can first set it to 80% of the expected number of CPU threads used by TiKV.
This parameter defaults to 4. Because in the existing deployment plan, the CPU resources are limited and the actual requests are few. You can observe the monitoring panel, lower the value of this parameter, and keep the usage rate below 80%.
In this test, the value of this parameter is set to 2. Observe the gRPC poll CPU panel and you can see that the usage rate is just around 80%.
When TiKV detects that the CPU core number of the machine is greater than or equal to 16, this parameter value defaults to 8. When the CPU core number is smaller than 16, the parameter value defaults to 4. This parameter is used when TiKV converts complex transaction requests to simple key-value reads or writes, but the scheduler thread pool does not performs any writes.
Ideally, the usage rate of the scheduler thread pool is kept between 50% and 75%. Similar to the gRPC thread pool, the storage.scheduler-worker-pool-size parameter defaults to a larger value during the hybrid deployment, which makes resource usage insufficient. In this test, the value of this parameter is set to 2, which is in line with the best practices, a conclusion drawn by observing the corresponding metrics in the Scheduler worker CPU panel.
Scheduler Worker CPU
Resource configuration for TiKV background tasks
In addition to foreground tasks, TiKV regularly sorts data and cleans outdated data in background tasks. The default configuration allocates sufficient resources to these tasks for the scenario of high-traffic writes.
However, in the hybrid deployment scenario, this default configuration is not in line with the best practices. You need to limit the resource usage of background tasks by adjusting the following parameters.
rocksdb.max-background-jobs and rocksdb.max-sub-compactions
The RocksDB thread pool is used to perform compaction and flush jobs. The default value of rocksdb.max-background-jobs is 8, which obviously exceeds the resource that is in need. Therefore, the value should be adjusted to limit the resource usage.
rocksdb.max-sub-compactions indicates the number of concurrent sub-tasks allowed for a single compaction job, which defaults to 3. You can lower this value when the write traffic is not high.
In the test, the rocksdb.max-background-jobs value is set to 3 and the rocksdb.max-sub-compactions value is set to 1. No write stall occurs during the 12-hour test with the TPC-C load. When optimizing the two parameter values according to the actual load, you can lower the values gradually based on monitoring metrics:
 - If write stall occurs, increase the value of rocksdb.max-background-jobs.
 - If the write stall persists, set the value of rocksdb.max-sub-compactions to 2 or 3.
This parameter is used to limit the disk traffic for the background compaction jobs. The default configuration has no limit for this parameter. To avoid the situation that compaction jobs occupy the resources of foreground services, you can adjust this parameter value according to the sequential read and write speed of the disk, which reserves enough disk bandwidth for foreground services.
The method of optimizing the RocksDB thread pool is similar to that of optimizing the compaction thread pool. You can determine whether the value you have adjusted is suitable according to whether write stall occurs.
Because TiDB uses the multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) model, TiKV periodically cleans old version data in the background. When the available resources are limited, this operation causes periodical performance jitter. You can use the gc.max_write_bytes_per_sec parameter to limit the resource usage of such an operation.
GC Impact
In addition to setting this parameter value in the configuration file, you can also dynamically adjust this value in tikv-ctl.
tiup ctl tikv --host=${ip:port} modify-tikv-config -n gc.max_write_bytes_per_sec -v ${limit}
In application scenarios with frequent updates, limiting GC traffic might cause the MVCC versions to pile up and affect read performance. Currently, to achieve a balance between performance jitter and performance decrease, you might need to try multiple times to adjust the value of this parameter.
TiDB parameter adjustment
Generally, you can adjust the TiDB parameters of execution operators using system variables such as tidb_hash_join_concurrency and tidb_index_lookup_join_concurrency.
In this test, these parameters are not adjusted. In the load test of your actual application, if the execution operators consume an excessive amount of CPU resources, you can limit the resource usage of specific operators according to your application scenario. For more details, see TiDB system variables.
This parameter is used to control how many CPU cores an entire Go process can use. By default, the value is equal to the number of CPU cores of the current machine or cgroups.
When Go is running, a proportion of threads is used for background tasks such as GC. If you do not limit the value of the performance.max-procs parameter, these background tasks will consume too much CPU.


text:
Sea of Rhûn
(Difference between revisions)
inland sea in the land of [[Rhûn]] into which the [[ Celduin]] emptied its waters. Its northeastern shores were densely forested, and to the southwest lay a mountainous region. The mysterious land of [[ Dorwinion]] was said to lie on its northwestern coasts. |+|
The sea in the of [[
Rhûn]] into the [] and to the.
The of [] to.
Revision as of 06:36, 28 October 2005
The Sea of Rhûn, or the Eastern Sea, is a large saltwater lake or sea in the east of Middle-earth.
The Sea of Rhûn, according to Tolkien's maps, covers roughly 400 square miles (1,000 km²). The Celduin (River Running) flows from the northwest into a northwestern arm of the sea, while several unnamed rivers flow from the northeastern shore. West of the Sea of Rhûn is the land of Dorwinion and roughly 200 miles (300 km) to the South is the eastern end of the Ered Lithui.
Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated that the Sea of Rhûn might "...be identified with the Sea of Helkar, vastly shrunken" (The War of the Jewels, pg. 174). Karen Wynn Fonstad adopted this assumption in The Atlas of Middle-earth. In The Peoples of Middle-earth there are references to the Sea of Rhûn existing in the First Age, but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helkar or not.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: että, Etta, and -etta
From the digit ett (one)
etta c
 1. one; the digit or figure "1".
 2. first-grader; person who attends the first year of school
 3. a class of first-graders
 De barnen går i ettan.
 Those children are in first grade.
 5. (uncountable, mainly used in the definite) first gear
 6. a apartment with one room (and possibly a kitchen)
 7. winner of a competition; the person or team who ended up in the first position
 8. one; neutral element in multiplication
See also[edit]


text:
_URL_ &-nz=&-tp=
This traditional Karakachan breed of sheep was once plentiful in Bulgaria. In the early 20th Century there were 500,000 and by the late 1950s, when farms were nationalized, the number had shrunk to 160,000. Today there are only about 400.
The sheep are small, about 57 cm (1.87 feet) at the withers, with short and thin tails. The wool is coarse and long - up to 40 cm (15,4 inches) and the color changes with age, becoming lighter. When young the animal is black, then brown, and ends up with almost grey fur. Sider and Atila Sedefchev from SEMPERVIVA - the Bulgarian nature protection organization that specializes in the conservation of endangered local breeds - started the project to save the Karakachan breed dog in 1992. It is one of the oldest European breeds in Europe and was used to guard livestock - mainly sheep - and protect them from wolves and bears in the high mountains. While searching for these dogs, the sheep were discovered, as well as a traditional breed of Karakachan horses. These workhorses are used to carry baggage, traveling the dangerously narrow and high rocky paths. The Karakachans, Balkan nomadic people who were livestock breeders, are thought to be descendants of the ancient Thracian livestock breeding communities located in the high mountains of Bulgaria.
Each sheep produces about 50-60 liters of milk per season. The milk is very rich (fat content of 6.5 to 8%) and high quality. About 20 kilos of white cheese, called Sirene, are made each day, 400 kilos each year. Yogurt, which originated in Bulgaria, is also made each day. The sheep are milked twice a day. The milk is immediately filtered through a cloth and rennet added (lamb or kid). A lid is placed on the container for about two-and-a-half hours as the curd forms. It is cut with a knife then left for another half hour. The young cheese is placed in a special fabric and then in a small cloth-lined wooden crate made from the wood of a Balkan endemic tree called Macedonian Pine. The cheese is covered with the fabric, the lid put on the crate, and something heavy, usually stones, is placed on top. The cheese is then left to dry for four-to-eight hours, depending on the weather.
When dry the cheese is firm to the touch. It is then cut into tile-size pieces (about 12 cm), salted with large-grained sea salt, stacked one on top of the other in large tin or plastic barrels and closed with a lid. The brine forms and the next days the barrel is opened and topped off with the whey mixed with salt. To make the traditional Bulgarian Yogurt - called Kiselo mleko - fresh milk is boiled, left to cool down to body temperature and then the original Lactobacillus bulgaricus is used.


Does white wine have sulfites?
by | Recent Studies
Riesling label contains sulfites
Even white wine has sulfites
Unless the wine was treated with hydrogen peroxide (and thus ruined), the quick answer is yes.
All wines have sulfite in them. In fact, white wine usually has more sulfites than red wine. Sulfites are created naturally during the fermentation process. After a wine has fermented it usually contains somewhere between 2 and 10 parts per million (ppm).
White wines are typically sweeter than red wines. To stop the wine from fermenting the residual sugars, potassium metabisulfite is added to the wine to halt the fermentation. This is why white wines typically have more sulfites than red wines
Most wines have additional sulfite added to protect the wine. It doesn't matter which country the wine is from, almost all wines have sulfites around 80 ppm. Only the United States and Australia are required to note that sulfites were added.
Here's a bottle of Asti, and yes it contains sulfites
Wine is a food product, and without sulfites wine would not last long. Organic wines without sulfite added have this problem, and do not last long on the shelves. Sulfites act as a preservative to protect the wine from molds, oxidation, and spoiling.
There is no scientific link between sulfites and headaches, although many blame sulfites to cause red wine headaches (RWH).
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text:
of Heaven -- an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing
Beijing, 116° 26' E, 39° 50' N
|Inscribed :1998 Criteria: C (i) (ii) (iii)
Justification for Inscription:
Criterion i: The Temple of Heaven is a masterpiece of architecture
and landscape design which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony
of great importance for the evolution of one of the world's great civilizations.
Criterion ii: The symbolic layout and design of the Temple of
Heaven had a profound influence on architecture and planning in the Far
East over many centuries.
Criterion iii: For more than two thousand years China was ruled
by a series of feudal dynasties, the legitimacy of which is symbolized
by the design and layout of the Temple of Heaven.
of the 22nd Session of the Committee
The Temple of Heaven, founded in the first half of the 15th century,
is a dignified complex of fine cult buildings set in gardens and surrounded
by historic pine woods. In its overall layout and in that of its individual
buildings, it symbolizes the relationship between earth and heaven which
stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony, and also the special role played
by the emperors within that relationship.
with Partner Institutions:
of Heaven (Beijing Xinglihang Science & Technology, Inc.)
WHC Web: _URL_


text:
Fuzzy sets on 2D spaces for fineness representation
MetadatosAfficher la notice complète
Fuzzy setsFeature extractionImage analysisTexture modeling Human perception
The analysis of the perceptual properties of texture plays a fundamental role in tasks like semantic description of images, content-based image retrieval using linguistic queries, or expert systems design based on low level visual features. In this paper, we propose a methodology to model texture properties by means of fuzzy sets defined on bidimensional spaces. In particular, we have focused our study on the fineness property that is considered as the most important feature for human visual interpretation. In our approach, pairwise combinations of fineness measures are used as a reference set, which allows to improve the ability to capture the presence of this property. To obtain the membership functions, we propose to learn the relationship between the computational values given by the measures and the human perception of fineness. The performance of each fuzzy set is analyzed and tested with the human assessments, allowing us to evaluate the goodness of each model and to identify the most suitable combination of measures for representing the fineness presence.


1. Business
 2. Estimates
6 Budget Planning Steps to Professional Project Estimates
Freelancers are often faced with the question of how much to charge for a project. When the project is similar to others you have done, then you have a good idea of the number of hours it will take you, and the costs you will face. But what about when you are pitching for a project that is a bit different from your normal work?
As a freelancer, it is essential to get your estimates right. Too high, and you might not get the project; too low, and you won't make a profit. With a professional estimate, you will be able to show your client how you have arrived at your cost, which will help them see that your price is fair.
This step-by-step guide will help you think through all the considerations involved in making a professional freelance project estimate, as well as how to set it out clearly so that potential clients can understand your breakdown.
How to Estimate a Budget for Your Client Projects
In this tutorial, we look at two approaches to professional freelance project estimates: the top-down approach, and the bottom-up.
 1. The top-down approach is for when a client comes to you and says, can you do this project for $X? You have to decide whether to take the project, but first you need to work out all the costs involved to understand what (if any!) profit there would be in it for you.
 2. The bottom-up approach is for when a client asks how much you charge for a project, so you have to put all the elements together to work out your project rate.
First Approach: The Top-Down Estimate
For this tutorial, we are going to use the example of creating a finished version of a white paper, including layout and graphics. As a freelancer, you may only do one part (in this case, writing) so when the client comes to you and says, "We have a budget of $6,000 for this 10-page white paper, are you able to supply the finished product for that?" you need to be able to work out an accurate budget estimate to understand if you are able to take it on.
Step 1: Direct Costs
1. Direct Labor Costs
Direct labor costs cover the costs of hiring other freelancers… but don't forget to include your costs too! You will need to research the rates and time involved in hiring other freelancers so that you can estimate this accurately.
2. Materials
Do you need to physically print any of the white papers? If so, the cost of materials may include paper and ink for printing. Also think about software or hardware costs if you have to update your existing computing equipment.
3. Travel
Do you need to travel to meetings with the client, or pay for the travel of your sub-contractors? Do you have a mileage rate? You need to estimate your travel costs at the start and be clear who is paying for them.
Step 2: Indirect Costs
Many people estimating projects forget to include the indirect costs – and then find themselves out of pocket by the end of the project. Indirect costs include overheads, such as office space rent, furniture, and equipment costs. These can often be difficult to estimate precisely, but you should be aware of them and factor them into your budget.
1. Office Costs
If the project takes a number of weeks, it is worth considering the ongoing costs of office rental, especially if this is not already included in your hourly rate. There may also be internet, electricity, water and heating costs to take into consideration.
2. Equipment
Equipment costs may include the computer and printer you are using. You can think of this more as 'wear and tear' because you are not buying them solely for this project.
3. Administrative Costs
You may have a contract with an administrative assistant. Although they are not a direct part of the project, they are still part of your overhead costs. If you are hiring an admin assistant specifically for this project, you should add them to the 'direct labor' costs.
Step 3: Estimating the Indirect Costs
Once you have an idea how long a project is going to take (see my previous post on creating a project plan), you can calculate the approximate total for the indirect costs. If it will only be a matter of days, you may choose to disregard these costs, but if the project takes weeks or months, you may well want to add them up to ensure your profit margin will not be eaten up by these ongoing costs.
If you know your weekly or monthly bills, you can estimate the costs for the duration of your project. For example, if your project will take 6 weeks and your internet bill is $50 per month, then the cost will be approximately $75 over the project. For other costs, you could look back at what you spent over the last year as a whole and divide it by 52 to give an average weekly cost for expenses such as equipment.
Of course, you may have already calculated your hourly rate to include these expenses, but if not, it might be worth re-visiting your hourly rate to be sure that you take these ongoing costs into consideration.
This table assumes you will be working on this project exclusively for 6 weeks. If not, you could estimate the total number of days you will be working on the project, and calculate the costs based on this total.
Step 4: Questions to Ask the Client
Once you have a detailed breakdown of the costs involved in the project, go back to the client and clarify what the project does and does not cover. Travel expenses, office costs (will you work from their offices or your own?) may have to be discussed at this point. The important thing is that you are discussing these now, rather than after you have your quote agreed on.
Make sure to double-check the exact specifications of the brief, for example whether you are providing hard copies of the white paper or simply the PDF.
The schedule may have an impact on your costs: if the deadline is tight, sub-contracting other freelancers may become more expensive, so you may want to ask about the timescales involved before you agree to anything.
You may also want to ask whether the client would like a breakdown of the costs involved. This is more unlikely if they have come to you with a budget and asked whether you can meet it.
Step 5: Agreeing to the Brief
Once you have determined all your direct and indirect costs, you will have arrived at an overall figure.
The original question asked by the client was, "We have a budget of $6,000 for this 10-page white paper, are you able to supply the finished product for that?"
The total cost estimate for the project is: $5,822, which includes your hourly rate. Any spare money in the budget on top of that can be extra profit.
So the answer is "Yes, I can!"
Step 6: What if Your Estimate is Too High?
Our estimate came out as very close to the proposed budget, but what if it was too high?
You have a few options here:
 - Go back to each of your sub-contractors and explain the situation. They may agree to do it for less if it is a substantial project.
 - Take a hit on your own hourly rate because of the prestige this project will bring to your portfolio: once you can say you have experience of writing white papers as a service you may be able to increase your rates for next time.
 - Offer your sub-contractors something in return for a lower fee. Could you give them any free advertising, such as including a link to their company on your website? Or else trade several hours of your time?
 - Are there any other costs you can cut, such as using video conferencing instead of travel?
Second Approach: The Bottom-Up Estimate
This approach is broadly similar to what we have already covered, except instead of giving us a budget and asking whether we can work within that, a client may come to us and ask, "What would you quote for this work?"
In this case, it is more important to show exactly how we have arrived at this figure. If we came back to the client and said that we would charge $5,800 for producing a white paper, they may think this sounded very high. Once we had presented them with a breakdown of all the costs, however, this may seem more reasonable.
1. Hourly Rates Versus Overall Charges
Many freelancers prefer to give an overall fee for a job such as writing a 10-page white paper. This is because an hourly rate can sound high to a client, who doesn't realize the costs of freelancing (your rate may already reflect all your indirect costs, as well as pension payments and healthcare). Giving an overall figure for freelancers can sound more persuasive.
Notice that we have simply taken out the hourly rates in this version.
2. Simplifying Your Estimate
Although you may need to go into a high level of detail for yourself to ensure that you account for all your costs, your client will not need to see this level of breakdown. What your client wants is an easy-to-read account of where their money is going: they need to see they are getting value for money.
If you have your indirect costs built into your hourly rate, then you could remove the Indirect costs section to give a concise estimate to the client.
Another option is to give the total for indirect costs (without a breakdown) and name it Administration, which will greatly simplify this estimate.
Final Client version
Professional Appearance
Presenting a well-researched project estimate can go a long way towards securing you the job. Even if yours isn't the lowest quote, your potential


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How do I choose an Aikido school?
A couple of things that are important parts to look at in the process of choosing an Aikido school:
 - The environment where you will learn and train
 - The people that will be your partners
 - The instructor
 - The logistics of the school
The Environment
Be sure that you feel "ok" in the place.
If you are not allowed to watch any classes, you may not want to invest your time and money. Without seeing a class you will not be able to get a good feel for the school.
Ask questions - don't worry about looking stupid or asking the "wrong" question. The are going to be teaching and training you - you want to get any concerns or considerations you have out before you commit to anything.
If you feel bullied or threatened in any manner, look somewhere else.
The People
Go, watch some classes (without participating), then ask to participate – see of the behaviour of the students changes by the fact that there is a new person in their class.
What follows are just guidelines, which can be modified according to your needs and experience.
How good are the students?
This is more of a measure of the quality of the students as students than their skill at martial arts. See if you can picture yourself with these people. Are they attentive, respectful, interested in being there? Those are all good signs…
Is there a mix of upper and lower ranks?
This is not always obvious in the various Aikido styles without belt rankings, etc. It is generally a good sign if advanced, intermediate and beginning students are practicing together. Check the approach the higher ranked students take to you – their help will probably be very important in your advancement in Aikido.
Some schools have classes separated by rank though. Ask.
Is there a mix in the type of people in the class?
Although this doesn't necessarily mean anything if it is not present, it is a good sign if there is a mixture of males and females, older and younger people in the class. It is typical for the efficiency of Aikido that it can teach a variety of people together.
Do they move the way you would like to?
This will give you some sense of what you can achieve. Look to the senior students and see if they move the way you want to move.
Do they help one another?
In a small class this may not apply, but in larger classes it is a good sign if the senior students support and assist the junior students. This kind of personal attention will aid you greatly in your training.
Do the senior students seem fit and relaxed?
This will give you a sense of the atmosphere of the dojo. If the senior students are uptight, nervous, unfit, out of shape, or unhappy, it may be a sign to move on. However, do not be put off by a single occurrence, i.e. because of THAT day the senior student was in a poor mood. It should at least prompt you to look carefully though…
How common are injuries?
As Aikido as well as other martial arts involves physical activity and contact, injuries will occasionally occur. However, if injuries are common and/or serious, there is likely a problem in how training is supervised, and you will probably want to look elsewhere. It will be difficult to tell what the frequency/severity of injuries in the class is in one or two visits. Ask the instructor.
The Instructor
You will need some basic trust in the individual, as a beginning.
The instructor is the person who is going to be guiding your development as an Aikidoka. You need to feel comfortable with him or her, and feel secure in receiving instruction from them. If you have some unease or personality conflict with the instructor(s) you might want to look elsewhere.
Do the students get personalized attention?
This will be a good judge of how valuable yor time will be. If there is a good amount of instructor to student attention there will be more value for you.
Does the instructor differentiate between forms and functions?
Another good indication is to find out if the instructor(s) differentiates between form and function. In other words do they do it "because it looks good" or "because it works". Anyhow, you should clarify the objectives of the specific Aikido school.
Are adjustments made for students of differing body types and limitations?
Another good sign is if the instructor adjusts the training of his or her student's physical realities: telling a slow person to work contact, a fast person to work ranges, a heavy person to work leverage, a light person to work speed, or, conversely, concentrating on their weak areas to compensate.
The Logistics
This is an important element to be clear about. You don't want to commit to a school if you can't afford it. It is impossible to address what a reasonable price would be here, because the benefits offered, the local economy, the quality of instruction, and the amount of instructor time are all variables in the equation.
Find out if there are extra charges for going up in rank, find out if there are organizational dues, party contributions, mat fees, etc.
But do not be upset when an Aikido instructor charges money – they need to eat and have a place to stay. In our culture money is the way that happens. We do not feed and house wise old men. Now, some instructors teach for free or nearly for free after their primary job. However, ther costs of a school, equipment, and insurance are frighteningly high. The best way to determine if a school is being reasonable is to compare what they offer for the price compared to what other local schools offer for their prices.
If you are intending to spend a lot of time at the school you want it to be accessible, and convenient enough for you to get there after work, on weekends, etc.
Another thing you want to be clear on is when you can go to the school and when classes are.
Commitments and Promises
This is an important thing to know about any school you will be joining. Be very clear on what they will expect of you and what you expect of them. Some teachers want to teach only people who are willing to commit to them and their style, some are willing to introduce you to their style and let you dabble, some will teach you as long you show up. None of them are intrinsically better or worse, but you want to know where they are coming from so you and they are not surprised.
Find out if you are required to attend classes, find out about being late, find out what the policy is on school rules of behaviour and etiquette. Find out how you are supposed to interact with the teacher and other students. There are many styles for all these things so make sure you find out. The easiest way is to ask these questions.


text:
In Access, the Max function returns the maximum of a set of values in a select query.
The syntax for the Max function is:
Max ( expression )
The expression argument represents a string expression identifying the field that contains the data you want to evaluate or an expression that performs a calculation using the data in that field. Operands in expression can include the name of a table field, a constant, or a function (not one of the other SQL aggregate functions). You can use Max to determine the largest values in a field based on the specified aggregation, or grouping.
In Access, you can use the Max function in the query design grid, in an SQL statement in SQL view of the Query window, or in an SQL statement within Visual Basic code. It is used in conjunction with the Group By clause.
Select SellerID, Max(Price) as MaxPrice From Antiques Group by SellerID


What happends if urine or alchol get into your eyes?
i want pink eye what wi;; hapend if urine or alchohol gets in to my eyes
Pink eye is when you have feces particles in your eye.
So. do that? ROFL.
umm if you put alcohol in yer eye you'll dance blind. spray perfume in yer eyes, it'll make em look like youu own pink eye xD
It would probably sting badly. Alcohol does when you catch it on your skin (I think) and urine has uric acid.
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text:
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Poets often write about ideas through exploring emotions. In light of this comment, examine ways in which poets develop their ideas through feelings and emotions. You should write about a least two poems including the darkling thrush or gods grandeur, or
The first 200 words of this essay...
Poets often write about ideas through exploring emotions. In light of this comment, examine ways in which poets develop their ideas through feelings and emotions. You should write about a least two poems including the darkling thrush or gods grandeur, or both.
To explore this comment, I am going to analyse two poems, 'The Darkling Thrush', by Thomas Hardy, and 'God's Grandeur', by Gerard Manley Hopkins.
In 'The Darkling Thrush', Hardy gives a very negative image. He uses phrases such as 'when frost was spectre-grey', and'The Century's corpse outleant', which give the reader the image of death. In this poem Hardy is talking about the death of the 19th century as it moves into the 20th Century. The poem itself was written on the 31st December 1899, the turn of the Century.
Hardy shows the narrator as having sad, grievous emotions throughout the poem. This is contrasted with the emotions of the thrush, which is portrayed to be celebrating, and happy. The narrator appears to have given up on life, which is shown through the comment 'And every spirit on earth seemed fervourless as I'. On the other hand, the thrush which is shown
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""Sabreena, England. A Level Student. Biology and Chemistry.
""Jackie Shanahan. Maths. A Level Student.


text:
Aerial images of marsh plant communities reveal information that is not possible to obtain from ground level. High resolution aerial photographs display fine details of vegetation composition and distribution. Since 2006, The Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute has employed balloon photography to capture images of marsh and landfill surfaces. These images are a key resource for MERI scientists working to improve the Hackensack River marshland ecosystem.
High resolution images are captured using consumer grade cameras at altitudes between 150 to 300 feet. The current camera being flown is a 14.3 megapixel Canon G1X. The state of the art camera rig attaches the camera to an inflated 3 meter balloon. The balloon is tethered to a reel operated from the ground. This setup is cost efficient, easily deployable, and is highly mobile.
The high resolution images are assembled into a mosaic of the surveyed area which can encompass many acres. Individual images are stitched together using Adobe Photoshop. The mosaic is then geo-referenced using known geographic feature locations within the site. These mosaics are used to ground truth high-resolution hyperspectral image classifications. They are also used to identify training sites from satellite images and to develop spectral libraries for vegetation classification. Current applications of balloon photography include:
- Monitoring of plant establishment in closed landfill sites
- Mapping invasive species distribution
- Mapping endangered plant populations thought the district


text:
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. -- The National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown is backing a project to help Virginia Tech researchers and Consol Energy study the prospect of storing carbon dioxide in thinner, less-valuable coal seams.
Pennsylvania-based Consol will try to sequester as much as 20,000 tons of the greenhouse gas that is believed to contribute to global warming.
Vice president of research Steve Winberg said Consol is donating three coalbed methane wells near Buchanan, Va., for the pilot project. The State Journal said the yearlong experiment is set to begin this fall.
Michael Karmis, of Virginia Tech's Center for Coal and Energy Research, said teams will test the ability to inject CO2 and whether it can help recover coalbed methane.
They expect the CO2 to be absorbed and say it might stimulate methane release.


Let's say you were building a marketplace and you wanted to take some type of commission for allowing a user to sell a thing on your marketplace....how exactly does that work? Is there some type of template you can use that allows a person to pay you a commission, but then receive the payment for the sale of their item?
I don't know of any template, but this can be done relatively easily with solidity. Consider the dummy code below:
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
/*your code here*/
// private function because it simply calculates commission and pays out accordingly.
// Inputs & other validation likely will come from somewhere else in the contract.
function takeCommission(address seller, address platform, uint256 amountPaid, uint256 commissionPercentage) private {
 // ensures the minimum amountPaid is at least 100 wei and is accurately divisible
 require(amountPaid % 100 == 0);
 // divide by 100 because commission percentage is expressed as a uint
 uint256 platformFee = (amountPaid * commissionPercentage) / 100;
 amountPaid -= platformFee;
Just knowing the commission percentage and what was paid lets you calculate it within a function, then you can call the.transfer() function twice with the respective values.
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