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High temperatures and pressures are commonly reached within gearboxes operating in industrial machinery. Many heavily-loaded gearboxes require extreme pressure (EP) gear lubricants in order to help extend both lubricant and machine life. Synthetic (EP) Gear Lubes are designed to withstand the most severe pressure situations and temperatures. Synthetic base fluids are the ideal base stocks to prevent wear and protect gearbox components - when combined with the EP additive and other additives, these lubricants are extremely resilient and long-lasting.
ISO VG 150 oil has a midpoint kinematic viscosity of 150 mm2/s, also referred to as centistokes (cSt). The midpoint is derived by taking the average of both the minimum and maximum kinematic viscosities. In the case of ISO VG 150 oil, those numbers are 135 cSt and 165 cSt, respectively. AGMA 4 lubricants have a minimum viscosity of 135 mPa.s and a maximum viscosity of 165 mPa.s. These numbers refer to the standard testing mechanisms used to determine how much resistance to flow (i.e. viscosity) these oils demonstrate.
Products Shop by AGMA 4 EP, ISO VG 150 Synthetic (EP) Gear Lube category below.


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Steel plate rolling is often done to create full cylinders or cylinder segments. These parts often have bevels to facilitate the welding of the curved steel sections. The bevels can be required on either the longitudinal seam of a cylinder or on the circumferential seam between two cylinders or end plates. Cylinder segments can also be beveled on all sides. There are several types of bevels. In general an edge that is beveled is not perpendicular to the face of the steel plate. It is often at 45 degrees to the face. The image below shows two bevels. The second is sometimes called a chamfer but the two terms are often used interchangeably.
At times plates are welded together without any bevel but with only a tight fit or a slight gap between the plates.
Plates can be singly or doubly beveled to perform a V-groove weld.
When only one edge of the steel plate is beveled and the other edge is left square, then a bevel groove weld can be performed.
There are other methods of beveling and welding but these are the most common. Clear and complete communication between the customer seeking the plate rolling, beveling, and welding services and the supplier will guarantee that the parts will meet the required specifications.
- Steel Plate Rolling to Enclose a Spent Nuclear Reactor
- Steel Plate Rolling: Pre-Bending of Heavy Plate with a Three-Roll, Plate Rolling Machine
- Steel Plate Rolling: on a Plate Roll or a Press Brake?
- Steel Plate Rolling: Forming and Shipping Long Plate
- Steel Plate Rolling with Multi-Radius Bending? O... OK.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Zarate: Undergraduate Research a Path to Success
Inside USD -- Sonia Zarate is right where she wants to be — and that's to the benefit of every student at the University of San Diego. As the new director of USD's Office of Undergraduate Research, Zarate wants to help students make the most of their education and set them on a personal path toward success.
"Academic excellence is achieved when we provide students both theory and experiential experiences," she says, "Students learn better when they hear it, see it and do it; research is the do. Additionally, when students are taught the process of generating new knowledge, they become vested and engaged in their own learning process.
"Universities should strive to include research activities into the programming for all undergraduate students," Zarate continues. "It becomes even more so important for students to engage in research activities as undergraduates, because this is the time that they are deciding what to do. By participating in research now, students can make an informed decision about whether or not to include research in their academic and professional careers." (Full Article)
Office Of Undergraduate Research

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Highest concentration of Eocene whales
- Wadi Al-Hitan
- 20015 hectare(s)
Wadi Al-Hitan (Valley of the Whales), is a protected area of some 20,015 ha in the Western Desert of Egypt. Fossil whales were first discovered here in 1905 and, since then, some 379 have been discovered, dating from the Eocene period, 56 to 34 million years ago. These whales cover an evolutionary period of 4 million years, from when the valley was beneath the Tethys Sea. Many of these fossils reveal that, during this period, ancient whales were in the process of losing their hind limbs, and making the final transition from land-based to purely sea-based creatures.


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"Effervescence" What does that mean?
Have you ever tried shaking a soda bottle hard? If you have, you've probably noticed the bubbles the soda seems to be giving off. This is called Effervescence (pronounced Ef-er-ves-ens), and it happens whenever gas from soda is released. Do you know what else soda is called as? Hint: Carbon ate the water.


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Food System Assessments and Food Policy
As communities around the country begin to observe and acknowledge the far reaching impacts of our current food system, interest in connecting the dots by way of comprehensive local food system assessments has increased. Through food system assessments, communities can examine the connections between production, distribution, consumption and waste disposal and measure their impacts on the environment, human health and livelihoods through a set of indicators over time. Understanding the trends and relationships between elements within the food system ultimately assists community members and policy makers in pinpointing areas of concern and working for appropriate and equitable reforms.
SAREP has conducted several food system assessments with the goal of examining the overall viability of a county's food system and in so doing, identifying key steps necessary to strengthen the foundation for a thriving local food system.
County-level food system assessments


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Several scientific studies show that respiratory problems of urban citizens have a high correlation with the presence or absence of certain species of lichens in the cities. The last Global Burden of Desease (GDB) shows that at least 15,000 deaths a year are attributable to air pollution.
During the workshop we will:
- Show how to identify the most common lichen species in the city of Barcelona.
- Explain the relationship between the presence of each species and the air pollution level.
- Show how to use a citizen science platform to monitor the presence and abundance of lichen species in your city.
- Conduct a field trip to practice with the platform Natusfera before planning your future activities with students.
The event takes place at Centre Cultural Casa Orlandai, Barcelona.
Natusfera is a citizen science platform created to record, organise and share naturalistic observations. Natusfera want to foster participation of nature enthusiasts, knowledge of the natural world and its exploration.
The workshop is organised and facilitated by CREAF (Ecological and Forestry Application Research Centre), an ECSA member based in Barcelona (Spain).
"Training the trainers" workshops aim to build capacity in biodiversity monitoring to facilitate youth participation in citizen science activities.


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Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT)Homepage
What are the key issues related to the role of the affective domain in teaching geoscience that you would like to engage at the workshop?
Role of affective domain in learning content; Interplay of students' perceptions and emotions about evolutionary theory (tension between scientific theory and general beliefs that scientific theories are "just" another belief system parallel to religious beliefs)
What expertise or experience (in study of the affective domain or teaching of geoscience) will you bring to the workshop? How would you like to contribute to the workshop?
Doing research focusing on the relationship between motivation, affect (interest, attitudes, self-concept, self-efficacy) and conceptual understanding of high school science. Teaching in the preservice program (middle school and high school) with an emphasis on theory-based program integrating e.g., Nature of Science, equity, and affective dimension of learning scientific concepts.
Essay: A dialectical relationship between students' motives and interest and teaching approaches
The following case study focuses on how students' perceptions about a science course are reflected in their motivation and interest in learning and how this relates to the teacher's teaching approaches. The case study is part of a research project investigating how students' motivation and affects (interest and attitudes toward science) influences their learning of science concepts in a one-year grade 11 Science General course. The study was conducted at an independent university preparatory all boys' school, which has a strong academic reputation. The grade 11 Science General course was being offered at the school for the first time. It was intended to meet the students' need for a senior science credit while providing an alternative to the typical university preparation courses in physics, chemistry, and biology. It is not accepted as a prerequisite for studying science at university. It was also profiled as an environmental science course with an implicit and probably unintended emphasis on its lower status in contrast to the discipline-oriented science courses. Thus, the course was only chosen by students not planning to pursue a career in science.
The course used a curriculum that I developed in cooperation with the teacher. Based on the Ontario Science Curriculum it emphasized the role of science and technology in daily life and in relation to social and environmental issues. The course units included topics such as nutrition, waste management, space and micro-gravity, and technologies in everyday life. Using student-centered teaching strategies the topics were taught focusing on ethical, environmental, and economic issues that involve various societal viewpoints. I collected data using a mixed-methods approach: weekly classroom observation, individual student and teacher interviews and questionnaires administered three times throughout the school year. For this case study, I focus on students' and teacher interviews.
The analysis of the series of students' interviews reveal five major perceptions of the course, which did not change throughout the school year: "Dead-end", "just a credit", "for non-science people", "not a real science course", and "everyday knowledge accumulation". The boys used these perceptions as a justification for why they put only a minimum of effort into it; it does not count as a prerequisite for any of the subjects that they want to study at university; it "only" gets them there. This pragmatic approach is also linked to students' perception of not being able to do the real science. They stressed that if they were capable of doing science, then they would not have enrolled in this "not a real science course" or "course for non-science people"; instead they would have enrolled in any of the discipline-oriented courses. These various themes emphasize how deeply the boys internalized the school's mission of high academic standards valuing only discipline-oriented university-preparation courses positively and viewing them as the standard of imparting academic knowledge. Yet, students' perception also reflects two socioculturally determined public views: First, of science as a subject for only smart people (Bell & Lederman, 2003) and second, that an understanding of environmental or socio-scientific issues (Sadler & Zeidler, 2005) such as global climate change, land-use decisions, cloning or stem cell research as not being real science. However, it was these topics that resulted in a situational change of their interest and motivated them to develop an understanding about topics that had relevance for their future lives. This situational change did not, however, result in a change of the boys' general motivation and interest. Instead, their perception of these topics as easy and everyday, their internalized socioculturally determined view of science, and their internalized school mission were more powerful messages and were incorporated into the students' motivational structure.
The teacher, Amanda, was aware of the boys' dominant perceptions of the course. However, through highlighting the importance of the connections of science to everyday life she was able to challenge their negative feelings towards science sporadically. It was these connections that triggered situational change in students' motivation and interest and at the same time, kept up Amanda's on-going effort and motivation to find interesting activities and topics alive throughout the school year, although by the end her frustration with the course was clearly evident.
These results hint towards a dialectical interdependence of students' individual motives and interests and teacher's teaching approaches. They also suggest the importance of integrating more STS topics in our science curricula or, more radically, teaching scientific concepts through their immersion in STS topics.
Bell, R.l., & Lederman, N.G. (2003). Understanding the nature of science and decision making on science and technology based issues. Science Education, 87, 352-377.
Sadler, T.D., & Zeidler, D.L. (2005). Patterns of informal reasoning in the context of socioscientific decision making. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42 (1), 112-138.


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Pigeonhole principle
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Pigeons in holes. Here there are n = 10 pigeons in m = 9 holes. Since 10 is greater than 9, the pigeonhole principle says that at least one hole has more than one pigeon. (The top left hole has 2 pigeons.)
In mathematics, the pigeonhole principle states that if items are put into containers, with, then at least one container must contain more than one item.[1] For example, if one has three gloves (and none is ambidextrous/reversible), then there must be at least two right-handed gloves, or at least two left-handed gloves, because there are three objects, but only two categories of handedness to put them into. This seemingly obvious statement, a type of counting argument, can be used to demonstrate possibly unexpected results. For example, given that the population of London is greater than the maximum number of hairs that can be present on a human's head, then the pigeonhole principle requires that there must be at least two people in London who have the same number of hairs on their heads.
Although the pigeonhole principle appears as early as 1624 in a book attributed to Jean Leurechon,[2] it is commonly called Dirichlet's box principle or Dirichlet's drawer principle after an 1834 treatment of the principle by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet under the name Schubfachprinzip ("drawer principle" or "shelf principle").[3]
The principle has several generalizations and can be stated in various ways. In a more quantified version: for natural numbers and, if objects are distributed among sets, then the pigeonhole principle asserts that at least one of the sets will contain at least objects.[4] For arbitrary and this generalizes to where and denote the floor and ceiling functions, respectively.
Pigeon-hole messageboxes at Stanford University
Dirichlet published his works in both French and German, using either the German Schubfach or the French tiroir. The strict original meaning of these terms corresponds to the English drawer, that is, an open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it. (Dirichlet wrote about distributing pearls among drawers.) These terms were morphed to the word pigeonhole in the sense of a small open space in a desk, cabinet, or wall for keeping letters or papers, metaphorically rooted in structures that house pigeons.
Because furniture with pigeonholes is commonly used for storing or sorting things into many categories (such as letters in a post office or room keys in a hotel), the translation pigeonhole may be a better rendering of Dirichlet's original drawer metaphor. That understanding of the term pigeonhole, referring to some furniture features, is fading—especially among those who do not speak English natively but as a lingua franca in the scientific world—in favour of the more pictorial interpretation, literally involving pigeons and holes. The suggestive (though not misleading) interpretation of "pigeonhole" as "dovecote" has lately found its way back to a German back-translation of the "pigeonhole principle" as the "Taubenschlagprinzip".[5]
Besides the original terms "Schubfachprinzip" in German[6] and "Principe des tiroirs" in French,[7] other literal translations are still in use in Bulgarian ("принцип на чекмеджетата"), Chinese ("抽屉原理"), Danish ("Skuffeprincippet"), Dutch ("ladenprincipe "), Hungarian ("skatulyaelv"), Italian ("principio dei cassetti"), Japanese ("引き出し論法"), Persian ("اصل لانه کبوتری"), Polish ("zasada szufladkowa"), Swedish ("Lådprincipen"), Turkish ("çekmece ilkesi"), and Vietnamese ("nguyên lý hộp").
Assume a drawer contains a mixture of black socks and blue socks, each of which can be worn on either foot, and that you are pulling a number of socks from the drawer without looking. What is the minimum number of pulled socks required to guarantee a pair of the same color? Using the pigeonhole principle, to have at least one pair of the same color (m = 2 holes, one per color) using one pigeonhole per color, you need to pull only three socks from the drawer (n = 3 items). Either you have three of one color, or you have two of one color and one of the other.
If there are n people who can shake hands with one another (where n > 1), the pigeonhole principle shows that there is always a pair of people who will shake hands with the same number of people. In this application of the principle, the 'hole' to which a person is assigned is the number of hands shaken by that person. Since each person shakes hands with some number of people from 0 to n − 1, there are n possible holes. On the other hand, either the '0' hole or the 'n − 1' hole or both must be empty, for it is impossible (if n > 1) for some person to shake hands with everybody else while some person shakes hands with nobody. This leaves n people to be placed into at most n − 1 non-empty holes, so that the principle applies.
This hand-shaking example is equivalent to the statement that in any graph with more than one vertex, there is at least one pair of vertices that share the same degree.[8] This can be seen by associating each person with a vertex and each edge with a handshake.
One can demonstrate there must be at least two people in London with the same number of hairs on their heads as follows.[9][10] Since a typical human head has an average of around 150,000 hairs, it is reasonable to assume (as an upper bound) that no one has more than 1,000,000 hairs on their head (m = 1 million holes). There are more than 1,000,000 people in London (n is bigger than 1 million items). Assigning a pigeonhole to each number of hairs on a person's head, and assigning people to pigeonholes according to the number of hairs on their head, there must be at least two people assigned to the same pigeonhole by the 1,000,001st assignment (because they have the same number of hairs on their heads) (or, n > m). Assuming London has 8.9 million people,[11] one can even state that at least nine Londoners have the same number of hairs, as having eight Londoners in each of the 1 million pigeonholes accounts for only 8 million people.
For the average case (m = 150,000) with the constraint: fewest overlaps, there will be at most one person assigned to every pigeonhole and the 150,001st person assigned to the same pigeonhole as someone else. In the absence of this constraint, there may be empty pigeonholes because the "collision" happens before the 150,001st person. The principle just proves the existence of an overlap; it says nothing of the number of overlaps (which falls under the subject of probability distribution).
There is a passing, satirical, allusion in English to this version of the principle in A History of the Athenian Society, prefixed to "A Supplement to the Athenian Oracle: Being a Collection of the Remaining Questions and Answers in the Old Athenian Mercuries", (Printed for Andrew Bell, London, 1710).[12] It seems that the question whether there were any two persons in the World that have an equal number of hairs on their head? had been raised in The Athenian Mercury before 1704.[13][14]
Perhaps the first written reference to the pigeonhole principle appears in 1622 in a short sentence of the Latin work Selectæ Propositiones, by the French Jesuit Jean Leurechon,[2] where he wrote "It is necessary that two men have the same number of hairs, écus, or other things, as each other."[15] The full principle was spelled out two years later, with additional examples, in another book that has often been attributed to Leurechon, but may have been written by one of his students.[2]
The birthday problem[edit]
The birthday problem asks, for a set of n randomly chosen people, what is the probability that some pair of them will have the same birthday? The problem itself is mainly concerned with counterintuitive probabilities; however, we can also tell by the pigeonhole principle that, if there are 367 people in the room, there is at least one pair of people who share the same birthday with 100% probability, as there are only 366 possible birthdays to choose from (including February 29, if present).
Team tournament[edit]
Imagine seven people who want to play in a tournament of teams (n = 7 items), with a limitation of only four teams (m = 4 holes) to choose from. The pigeonhole principle tells us that they cannot all play for different teams; there must be at least one team featuring at least two of the seven players:
Subset sum[edit]
Uses and applications[edit]
The principle can be used to prove that any lossless compression algorithm, provided it makes some inputs smaller (as the name compression suggests), will also make some other inputs larger. Otherwise, the set of all input sequences up to a given length L could be mapped to the (much)


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Ball Ground is a growing community located just north of Canton.
Two and a half miles to the east of the town, near the confluence of Long-Swamp Creek and the Etowah River, is the traditional site of 'Taliwa', the most decisive battle of the war between Cherokee and Creek Indians in the 1700's. Cherokee history tells that the conflict over territory was determined by a stickball game here.
Before the railroad came through in 1882, the community was almost purely agricultural, consisting of two country stores and a few dwellings. After the railroad, the town grew as a result of the marble-working industry.


Carbon/Glass and Rule of Mixtures
Maybe once a week I hear a suggestion that someone wants to slightly punch up a glass laminate with a bit of carbon. Or even a bit of Kevlar. I have even seen laminates on a roll with a small bit of carbon mixed in with the largely glass roll. It is seen like a vitamin I guess.
Bad news, it doesn't work that way. The problem is the difference between each material's stretch to failure percentage. E-glass is around 6%. Carbon is typically around1%. So, for example, if you had half of each in a laminate, when the carbon started to fail, the e-glass would be only contributing some 17% of its possible strength. Another way I have heard to visualize this is to imagine two boards several feet apart. A steel wire, and a rubber band connect them to each other. Imagine that each will fail at 100 lbs pull. The rubber band is doing nothing yet, as the steel fails and breaks.
E-glass can be laminated with carbon, if they are not both oriented in the zero degree axis for example. The carbon could be on the 0 degree and e-glass could be on the off axis. The off axis will contribute almost nothing to the strength, but will help keep the zeros in column and add some shock absorbing ability to the laminate.
3 thoughts on "Carbon/Glass and Rule of Mixtures"
 1. Is it also safe to assume that it's best to use carbon fiber in conjunction with woods (& other materials) which have the same/similar moduli of stiffness? Unless, of course, the wood will be totally encapsulated with carbon, & only be functioning as a core, not as a structural componnent of the part in question?
 1. Yes plywood works very well with carbon. Both have similar stretch to failure. Is called a live core as it also helps with the loads. I have a paper on that I will publish soon. Based on lecture I gave to SCCC Boatbuilding School.
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Free Online Dictionary
|Babylon English English dictionary||Download this dictionary|
organic acid found in animal and vegetable oils (Chemistry)
organic carbon compound occurring naturally in animal and vegetable fats and oils
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "Fatty Acid", to help you become a better English speaker.
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids. When they are not attached to other molecules, they are known as "free" fatty acids. Fatty acids are important sources of fuel because, when metabolized, they yield large quantities of ATP. Many cell types can use either glucose or fatty acids for this purpose. In particular, heart and skeletal muscle prefer fatty acids. The brain cannot use fatty acids as a source of fuel; it relies on glucose or ketone bodies.
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|WordNet 2.0 Dictionary||Download this dictionary|
1. any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis; fatty acids are simple molecules built around a series of carbon atoms linked together in a chain of 12 to 22 carbon atoms
(hypernym) carboxylic acid
(hyponym) saturated fatty acid
|Babylon English-Czech||Download this dictionary|
n. mastná kyselina
|NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms||Download this dictionary|
A major component of fats that is used by the body for energy and tissue development.
A Service of the National Cancer Institute.
| Fatty Acid in French | Fatty Acid in Italian | Fatty Acid in Spanish | Fatty Acid in Dutch | Fatty Acid in Portuguese | Fatty Acid in German | Fatty Acid in Russian | Fatty Acid in Japanese | Fatty Acid in Greek | Fatty Acid in Korean | Fatty Acid in Turkish | Fatty Acid in Hebrew | Fatty Acid in Arabic | Fatty Acid in Thai | Fatty Acid in Polish | Fatty Acid in Hungarian | Fatty Acid in Czech | Fatty Acid in Latvian | Fatty Acid in Danish | Fatty Acid in Finnish | Fatty Acid in Romanian | Fatty Acid in Swedish | Fatty Acid in Farsi | Fatty Acid in Indonesian
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whaleWow, it turns out that the SeaWorld whale which just killed a trainer has killed before.
Here's the WIkipedia entry for Tilikum:
Tillikum was first sent to live at Sealand of the Pacific near Victoria, British Columbia. There, he lived with two older females named Haida II and Nootka IV. While living in British Columbia, Tilikum sired his first calf when he was about eight or nine years old. His first son, Kyuquot, was born to Haida II on December 24, 1991. Just a few months prior to the birth of Kyuquot, Tilikum was involved in an incident which resulted in the death of a trainer. Twenty-year-old Keltie Byrne, who worked at the park, slipped and fell into the tank with the whales. Tillikum, a pregnant Haida II, and Nootka IV grabbed her in their mouths and tossed her to each other, presumably playing. Keltie drowned. The orcas had never had humans in the water with them before. Haida II and Nootka IV were overprotective of the newborn calf and aggressive towards Tillikum, who was forced into the small medical pool. Because of his huge size, Seaworld requested an emergency transfer to their facility. Tilikum was moved to SeaWorld Orlando, Florida in January 9, 1992; he has been there ever since. Sealand of the Pacific closed soon thereafter.
Since his arrival at SeaWorld, Tilikum has sired many calves with many different females. His first calf, born in Orlando, was to Katina. Katina gave birth to Taku on September 9, 1993. Tillikum's other calves are: Nyar (born 1993, died 1996), Unna (1996), Sumar (1998), Tuar (1999), Tekoa (2000), Nakai (2001), Kohana (2002), Ikaika (2002), Skyla (2004), and Malia (2007). In 1999, Tillikum began training for artificial insemination (AI). In early 2000, Kasatka who resides at SeaWorld San Diego was artificially inseminated using his sperm. She gave birth to Tillikum's son, Nakai, on September 1, 2001. On May 3, 2002, another female in San Diego, named Takara, bore Tilikum's calf through AI.
Tilikum was at the scene of another death on July 6, 1999, though evidence suggests the Orca was not at fault. A park guest, 27-year-old Daniel Dukes, was found floating naked in Tilikum's pool, apparently killed by a combination of hypothermia and drowning. Dukes had visited SeaWorld the previous day, stayed after the park closed, and evaded security to enter the Orca tank.
Tilikum never takes part in water work with trainers, not necessarily due to aggression (he is in fact very docile), but because he doesn't necessarily realize his own strength. Tilikum is the feature of the show "Believe" where the audience and trainers chant "Shamu" as Tillikum soaks the audience.[34] On February 24th, 2010 Tilikum was involved in a fatal accident with a female trainer. Witnesses report that during a show the whale grabbed a trainer by the waist and started thrashing her around. The attack was so violent the trainer's shoes were thrown off. The incident is currently under investigation. [35]


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This study investigates the way in which Maori values areincorporated into environmental decision-making. Recently,the implementation of large resource developments havedrawn protest from Maori communities
focussed attentionon these values.
study examines the nature of thesevalues, associated with the way the Maori people use andperceive the environment,and determines that these are stillstrongly held today.
then establishes that
indigenousminority culture Maori values should
specifically considered.From this basis, environmental decision-making procedures
findings reveal that many procedures
notsufficiently account for Maori values. Two options areformulated
improve the existing situation.
present procedures. The second optioninvestigates implementing reforms to encourage earlierparticipation


BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Wednesday, 5 December 2007, 00:00 GMT
How elephants keep tabs on family
By Helen Briggs
Science reporter, BBC News
Image: Richard Byrne
Elephants can identify individuals from the scent of urine
Elephants keep track on up to 30 absent relatives by sniffing out their scent and building up a mental map of where they are, research suggests.
Herd members use their good memory and keen sense of smell to stay in touch as they travel in large groups, according to a study of wild elephants in Kenya.
The University of St Andrews studied 36 family groups of elephants living in Amboseli National Park.
The research is published in the Royal Society journal, Biology Letters.
Memory update
Wild elephants form matriarchal family groups which travel, forage for food, and socialise together. Individuals need to keep track of each other, as family members split up into smaller groups or overtake companions as they wander the home range.
It may be that where elephants really excel in memory is not remembering things for very long periods but in everyday working memory
Dr Richard Byrne, St Andrews University
Psychologists from the University of St Andrews collected samples of female elephant urine from the ground and presented it to relatives to trick them into believing that the elephant had recently passed by.
Elephants showed surprise when they encountered the scent of an individual who was actually walking behind them so could not possibly have been there.
"We reckoned that only if each elephant was continually updating its memory of where everyone was, and was able to identify specific individuals from their urine, would they show any different reaction to this case," said co-researcher Dr Lucy Bates.
The elephants also reacted when the urine was from a family member who was far away, and not supposed to be in the area.
Human parallels
Dr Byrne said it is hard enough for humans to keep tabs on each other, let alone elephants, which have poor day vision.
Image: Richard Byrne
Dr Bates collects samples for the experiments
"If you think of a comparable human situation - perhaps a mum in the supermarket with three kids and a husband who'd rather be looking in the DIY section - keeping track of four or five people is really quite a strain," he told BBC News.
"But our elephants are doing it in parties of 20 to 30 family members."
But Dr Byrne said that elephants have two advantages over humans - their excellent sense of smell and, if their popular reputation is anything to go by, a good memory.
"It may be that where elephants really excel in memory is not remembering things for very long periods but in everyday working memory - where it is important to update and delete things rather than remember things forever," he added.
The research was carried out with members of the Amboseli Trust for Elephants.
Why elephants don't forget
19 Apr 01 | Science/Nature
Elephants sense 'danger' clothes
18 Oct 07 | Edinburgh, East and Fife
Bees to make elephants 'buzz off'
08 Oct 07 | Science/Nature
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Concept: California-based company Synkrato has launched a cloud logistics platform at MODEX 2022 to bridge the gap between physical and digital logistics work. It integrates the metaverse, AR, AI, mobility, and IoT in one holistic platform to help supply-chain professionals manage logistics.
Nature of Disruption: Digital twin, mobile app builder, adaptive slotting, IoT, and digital labeling are the five fundamental components of Synkrato. The AR-driven warehouse can be used to build digital twins, VR versions of real-world facilities. Users can utilize a digital twin to create a 3D digital twin of their facility using inventory and operational data, and then apply adaptive slotting to optimize warehouse space and resource allocation. The platform's no-code mobile app builder enables businesses of any size to easily create iOS and Android apps. Companies using ERP (enterprise resource planning) can create a mobile form, fill it out, and send it to their ERP system, and also firms without ERP systems can access Synkrato's inventory management system. Synkrato's IoT component connects all IoT devices in real-time, allowing businesses to track basic information such as product locations as well as particular data such as temperature, which is critical for items such as produce and medications throughout storage and transportation. Its digital labeling management component guarantees that everyone in the supply chain has access to up-to-date, accurate label templates at all times.
Outlook: Synkrato aims to make logistics more reliable, flexible, and scalable. It can assist users in creating a digital twin of their warehouses so that they can run what-if scenarios for shifting supply and demand patterns. Alternatively, businesses can leverage adaptive warehouse slotting functionality to improve picking and put-away operations. Synkrato discards disparate solutions requirements with a single platform that delivers a comprehensive view of logistical processes. The platform digitizes the supply chain label lifecycle and ensures that label templates are always up to date and accurate. It also helps boost efficiency by optimizing space and directing material flow.
This article was originally published in Verdict.co.uk


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By: Ana Todorovic
And now, in English! Take a look at the mind map! As you can see, the symbol of Superman is used deliberately. The first idea that came to my mind when I was developing the map was to draw a really eye-catching symbol in the central position so that it can easily be associated with the tense given. Why Superman? The initial S is a really distinctive feature of the Present Simple Tense, since it is added to the verb used with the third person singular. In particular, English-learners will often forget to add –s when they use the Present Simple. The central drawing is here to remind the visual types of learners not to forget the most specific fact concerning the grammatical form. As you can see, the purple branch gives a clear illustration of the positive form of the verb given. The ant here represents plural since ants are numberless insects.
Read the complete article at TT Group.


When should you do a Fundal massage?
Fundal massages are performed to encourage the uterus to contract and to prevent postpartum hemorrhaging. It is usually done every ten minutes or so, depending on your rate of bleeding. If you are bleeding a little heavier you may have more vigorous and frequent fundal massages.
What is a Fundal massage and why it is necessary?
Fundal massage, also called uterine massage, is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion. As the uterus returns to its nonpregnant size, its muscles contract strongly, which can cause pain.
Why do you massage a boggy fundus?
Note that massaging a hard, contracted uterus can actually impede detachment of the placenta and increase bleeding. With a boggy uterus, continue to massage and administer uterotonics to increase uterine contraction.
How long should I massage my uterus after birth?
Uterine massage
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How often do you assess fundus postpartum?
The fundus is assessed for: By approximately one hour post delivery, the fundus is firm and at the level of the umbilicus. The fundus continues to descend into the pelvis at the rate of approximately 1 cm or finger-breadth per day and should be nonpalpable by 14 days postpartum.
Why do they push on your stomach after giving birth?
Do they massage your uterus after C section?
The uterus should harden and contract with this treatment and the massage should be applied every four hours until the discharge is pale, for about 2-3 weeks. A woman who has had a Caesarean (C-section) should take care to avoid direct pressure on her scar until it heals.
Why is a boggy uterus bad?
A floppy or boggy uterus that has not contracted down well is the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Your caregivers will massage the uterus strongly to make sure it is well contracted. If the bleeding stops with massage, they may give you medication to keep it contracted.
What does a boggy uterus mean?
A boggy uterus is a finding upon physical examination where the uterus is more flaccid than would be expected. It can be associated with uterine atony.
When can I feel my fundus?
After about 12 weeks, the uterus is large enough to be felt above the pelvis by your caregiver (and you), usually just being able to touch the very top of the uterus or fundus.
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Do they push on your stomach after birth?
Placenta delivery after a vaginal birth
They aren't usually as strong as labor contractions. However, some doctors may ask you to continue to push, or they may press on your stomach as a means to advance the placenta forward. Usually, placenta delivery is quick, within about five minutes after having your baby.
Will my uterus shrink if I don't breastfeed?
Women who breastfeed burn extra calories to make milk, so they usually lose pregnancy weight more quickly than women who don't nurse. Nursing also triggers contractions that help shrink the uterus, making it a workout for the whole body.
How do I test my fundus?
With one hand on the lower abdomen for support, assess the height and position of the fundus in relation to the umbilicus. Chart as even or as finger breadth above or below the umbilicus and position as midline or to the right or left. Chart firmness. Be sure you know the correct fundal check technique being done.
What is the appropriate way to assess the fundus of the postpartum patient?
Why is the nursing assessment vital to caring for the postpartum woman?
The postpartum nursing assessment is an important aspect of care in order to identify early signs of complications in the woman who has just given birth. Following pregnancy, the woman is at risk for infection, hemorrhage, and the development of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
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This is a simple and practical stone bladed tool. The original Hoko knife was found at an archaeological site in western Washington near the Hoko River where a native village was snuffed out by a landslide about 2700 years ago, well before any contact with Europeans. Among the artifacts found there was a very simple knife consisting of a very small, sharp stone flake hafted in a split cedar handle which was tied together with spruce root.
Pictures of the original can be seen in "Exploring Washington Archaeology", Ruth Kirk with Richard Daugherty, ISBN 0-295-95610-0.
Over several years of making and teaching people from 9-years-old to adult how to make Hoko knives I have developed several variations. First, cedar and spruce root aren't available where we live (San Francisco Bay area), so consequently we have used green willow (Salix sp.), coastal live oak (Quercus agrifolia) or California bay (Umbellularia California) for the handle and green willow bark or two-ply twined cordage made from dogbane (Apocynum sp.), shredded cattail leaf (Typha sp.), rawhide or anything else you can twine for binding the handle.
Material for the stone cutting blade does not need to be very elegant. Something rough and strong such as basalt is the best for cutting wood. Try to use flakes which have a long, straight cutting edge and are not curved. A curved flake is more easily broken when the handle clamps down on it.
There are several variations on the original. If the handle is held together with only one binding then it makes it easy to change blades. Holding the handle on the side, which is not bound, makes the flake very secure.
Using the Hoko knife:
The original Hoko knives were quite small and delicate. The handles were 5 inches (13 cm.) long and the blades were only thumbnail size. The archaeologists who found them think that they were primarily used for cutting fish, since the replicas which were tried out for cutting basketry willow gave poor results. My opinion is that the concept is sound, but a larger knife is more optimal for wood working. Think of the Hoko knife as a saw or slicing tool.
This project provides valuable additional experience to students
in the following ways:
a. It provides a specific application for a piece of cordage. It is difficult to teach people to make neat, strong cordage unless they have a specific application in mind for the cordage.
b. Another previously made Hoko knife can be used to cut the wood used for the handle, demonstrating the usefulness of the tool.
A possible teaching sequence for a class in Stone Age survival
skills/technology might be:
1. Entire class helps twirl up a fire with a hand drill.
2. Hoko knife is shown to the students. Tell them that they will make their own Hoko knives and use them to cut the notch in the hearth board.
3. Students use sharp rocks to cut wood for handles.
4. Students make twined cordage for binding the handle.
5. Students knock off small flakes from a core to use as blades.
6. Knife is assembled.
7. Student uses knife to saw notch in fire-by-friction hearth board.
E-mail your comments to "Richard A. Baugh" at _EMAIL_
PrimitiveWays Home Page
We hope the information on the PrimitiveWays website is both instructional and enjoyable. Understand that no warranty or guarantee is included. We expect adults to act responsibly and children to be supervised by a responsible adult. If you use the information on this site to create your own projects or if you try techniques described on PrimitiveWays, behave in accordance with applicable laws, and think about the sustainability of natural resources. Using tools or techniques described on PrimitiveWays can be dangerous with exposure to heavy, sharp or pointed objects, fire, stone tools and hazards present in outdoor settings. Without proper care and caution, or if done incorrectly, there is a risk of property damage, personal injury or even death. So, be advised: Anyone using any information provided on the PrimitiveWays website assumes responsibility for using proper care and caution to protect property, the life, health and safety of himself or herself and all others. He or she expressly assumes all risk of harm or damage to all persons or property proximately caused by the use of this information.
© PrimitiveWays 2013


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Turning on the Enable Short Links for Processes feature allows administrators to share a direct short link to the initial form in a process. When this setting is enabled, follow the steps below to copy the short link for a process:
From the Edit Process Summary dropdown in the process, click the link icon next to the name of the process.
Make sure the toggle switch is green, indicating the link is active. Click the copy icon to copy the link to your clipboard. This can now be pasted into an email or other communication with applicants.
- If a user who has not already created a profile within the site uses this link, they will first be brought to the registration page.
- For a process with Restricted visibility, the applicant will not need to enter an Access Code if they use this short link.
The short link will lead to an "Inactive Link" message in the following instances:
- Process is turned off
- Not within the process start and end date range
- The process is set to Internal visibility
- Link has been deactivated in the process by an administrator


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UNDERSTANDING THE WTO:
THE ORGANIZATION Least-developed countries
The WTO recognizes as least-developed countries (LDCs)
those countries which have been designated as such by the United
Nations. There are currently 49 least-developed countries on the UN list, 34 of which to date have become WTO members.
There are no WTO definitions of "developed" or
"developing" countries. Developing countries in the WTO are designated on the basis of self-selection although this is not necessarily automatically accepted in all WTO bodies.


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It is important to confirm whether you have a protected tree in your yard before carrying out any home renovations, development or tree work. In the ACT, legislation covers two categories of protected trees – regulated trees and registered trees.
Registered trees have been classified by the government as having:
- natural or cultural heritage value
- landscape and aesthetic value
- scientific value; and is listed on the ACT Tree Register or Provisional Tree Register.
Regulated trees have been classified by the government as being located on leased government land identified as a tree management precinct and is either:
- 12 metres or more in height; or
- 1.5 metres or more in circumference at 1 metre above ground level; or
- with two or more trunks and the total circumference of all the trunks, 1 metre above ground level, is 1.5 metres or more, or
- 12 metres in crown width or more.
You can't carry out any activity that may cause damage to a protected tree. This includes removing the tree or any activity that may cause its decline. You may need approval if you want to do any ground work surrounding a protected tree including soil work, cutting tree roots and excavating. Preparing garden beds or tree planting is not classified as ground work.
You can undertake minor pruning of regulated trees without seeking approval, however it is recommended you consult your arborist because pruning must be done to Australian standards and other requirements specified by the government. You will most likely always need approval to prune registered trees.
This article is a guide only; please refer to the TAMS website for detailed information on protected trees in the ACT.


Everything is happening at this moment (late night thoughts)
Late at night, when it is quiet, it is easy to believe that nothing is going on in the world. The opposite is true. For every time zone that people are sleeping, in another they are waking up. All over the world people are being born and people are dying. People are making babies, having them, raising them, waiting for them to come home, wondering where they are. People are dancing in clubs, drinking in bars, sipping coffee in cafes. Some are wearing parkas while others are swimming in pools. Everywhere people are walking, drinking, lying down, getting up, working hard, resting. The world is filled with people active in some form. Everyone is doing something at this moment. Everything is happening now.
2 responses to "Everything is happening at this moment (late night thoughts)
 1. This reminded me of Brueghel's painting, "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus," where Icarus's mythic fall goes unnoticed in a landscape of busy people doing other things. Many of the historic events that have happened during my lifetime have not seemed epic at that moment; only in retrospect do we understand their significance.


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Knowledge spillovers from clean and dirty technologies
Government policy in support of innovation often varies across technology areas. An important example are climate change policies that typically try to support so-called clean technologies that avoid greenhouse gas pollution and hamper dirty technologies that are associated with polluting emissions. This paper explores the economic consequences of such policy moves in the short run.
At the margin private returns of R&D investments in diﬀerent areas should be equalised. Hence, shifting the composition of R&D activities by a policy intervention will only have a meaningful impact on economic outcomes if the external returns diﬀer. The authors compare innovation spillovers between clean, dirty and other emerging technologies using patent citation data. They develop a new methodology including the usage of page rank measures developed by Google to rank web content. Exploring a wide range of robustness checks, the authors consistently find up to 40% higher levels of spillovers from clean technologies. They also use firm-level financial data to investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers on firms' market value and find that the marginal economic value of spillovers from clean technologies is also greater.
This paper updates an earlier version published in October 2013.
ISSN 2515-5717 (Online) – Grantham Research Institute Working Paper series
ISSN 2515-5709 (Online) – CCCEP Working Paper series


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Demand response (DR) has becomes one of the tools mostly used in adjusting users' electricity consumption pattern and behavior on the electricity market. In this paper, a single-objective optimization model with multiple constraints is established. Based on the electricity demand-price elasticity and the credit mechanism, further consider the impact of factors such as income, environmental awareness, family member and age, a more realistic subsidy mechanism is developed by taking into account the heterogeneity of users. The actual electricity load and price data are used for numerical simulation, and the results of economic index and load factor show that this model is more effective than the model which only considers the demand-price elasticity and the results show that the model is practical and effective.
Keywords Demand response, Resident heterogeneity, Credit mechanism, Elasticity coefficient


5 Couple Activities *Scientifically* Proven To Improve Relationship!
Last Updated: | By: Relationships
When you wan to have a fun night or spend time with your partner, you might check google for helping you but you never go and look for a scientific journal. Google always has answer for all your questions but there are times when those answers do not give the desired results.
You want to spend time with your partner to be closer to them and get the roots of your relationship stronger but if the activities that you do are not that effective then the results might not be desired ones.
So here is a list of activities that you can do together that are also scientifically proven to improve your relationship.
1. Play 20 Questions
This game is the most famous and cliche but it is also the most effective one. It brings people closer when they talk about life, feelings, etc.
2. Workout Together
When you exercise, your body releases endorphin, which would help you feel positively towards each other and also the increased heart rate would make your excitement level rise.
3. Reading Together
Research shows that people grow closer by revealing and sharing new thoughts, ideas and fantasies with each other, [and]reading a book and then discussing it is a fun way for couples to grow closer. It makes you more attractive in the eyes of the partner.
4. Doing Household Work Together
Yes the task is tedious but when you do it with your partner, you work in a sync which improves the relation. Washing the dirty dishes is what you do daily but what can be done is investing a whole day to clean and remodel your home.
5. Do Daring Adventures Together
Yes, this makes the couple grow closer. Because you feel nervous and get the support from your partner, and enjoying the thrill together brings you closer.
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A Guide to Pigs Ears for Dogs (by Jo the Vet)
pigs ears for dogs
Written by Jo Hardy
A common treat found in most pet stores, pigs ears for dogs are inexpensive and irresistible to our canine companions. But how are they produced? Are they really a healthy option when it comes to dog treats? And if so, why? This article takes a deep dive into the subject, answering all these questions and more!
How are Pigs Ears Processed?
Pig ears are a natural dog treat, humanely harvested as a by-product from the farming industry. This ensures less of the pig goes to waste.
The part of the ear which is used is the pinna; the flap of the ear. The pinna is mainly comprised of cartilage and skin, with very little muscle. Therefore it is not like normal meat. Cartilage is a firm, yet flexible, connective tissue which is found in the ears, nose, at the end of ribs, and inside joints.
Once an ear has been harvested, it goes through a process of blanching in boiling water for 30 seconds, followed by rapid cooling in ice water. This removes all the remaining hair. After drying, it is then dehydrated either on a dehydration rack, in an oven at a low temperature, or in a smoker for extra flavour. This process can take between four and 24 hours, depending on which method is used.
Once fully dehydrated, they will be a treat that your dog won't be able to resist.
Always read the label!
Not every product sold as a "pig ear" is as natural as you might think. Some products might actually be rawhide shaped to look like a pig's ear. Others might have additives like liquid smoke or unnecessary preservatives. And they might be sourced from places with poor animal welfare. Always read the label before buying
Are Pigs Ears Good For Dogs?
Pig ears are highly nutritious, but they should always be given as a treat rather than as part of a routine diet. This is for two reasons; firstly, they are not balanced in minerals and vitamins like a diet should be. And secondly, they are high in fat. Therefore, if given excessively, they may contribute to obesity. However, some fat is a good thing, as dogs need up to 20% of their diet to be made up of fats.
In addition to fat, the other nutrient that is found in pig ears is protein (almost 70% of a pig's ear is protein). Protein is made up of chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of all structural parts of the body, such as muscles, enzymes and antibodies. They are essential for basic functions in life, as well as effective immunity.
Pigs Ear Nutrition
Are There Any Health Benefits Linked to Pig Ears?
Because pig ears have a large hide content, they are tough to chew and require some effort to eat. With that being said, they are not as tough as cow hide, and therefore do not cause excessive abrasion on the gums. The toughness is a good thing as the continuous chewing action will remove plaque and tartar from your dog's teeth.
Plaque and tartar are formed because of a build-up of food material and bacteria on the base of the teeth. As a result, the gums react and become inflamed, leading to a condition called gingivitis. If this gets out of control, the ligaments which hold the teeth to the gums can become weakened and teeth start falling out.
But the good news is giving occasional pig ear can aid in keeping the teeth clean and prevent dental disease.
Are Pig Ears Safe? Can They Be Detrimental to My Dog's Health?
If given freely without care, pig ears can be detrimental to your dog's health, and therefore some dogs should not be given them.
Obesity & Pancreatitis
Because of the high fat content, dogs who are struggling with their weight should not be allowed to have pig ears. Obesity is a major welfare problem, and can be linked to diseases such as osteoarthritis, diabetes and liver failure.
Also, a large amount of fat ingestion can trigger a disease called pancreatitis, in some dogs. The pancreas is an organ which produces enzymes which aid to digest food. When a dog has pancreatitis, the enzymes begin digesting the pancreas itself, leading to vomiting, diarrhoea and extreme abdominal pain. If a dog has had pancreatitis before, they are at a higher risk of developing it again, and therefore if your dog is a sufferer of pancreatitis, then pig ears will not be for him.
There have also been Salmonella contamination scares in pig ear treats. Approximately 4% of commercially produced pig ears contain Salmonella. A Salmonella infection can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in your dog, as well as in humans.
But if you source your pig ears from reliable places, such as butchers, reputable pet stores and veterinary clinics, then they are less likely to be contaminated.
Risk of Intestinal Obstruction
Finally, pig ears can cause obstructions in the gastrointestinal system if large pieces are swallowed. With all treats which are hard and have the ability to break into pieces, pieces can be swallowed and become stuck in the oesophagus, stomach or intestines. Blockages can be extremely serious, and cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and potentially gut perforations. Therefore, it is very important that any dog eating a pig ear is supervised.
Are Pig Ears Off-Putting in Any Way?
Much like any natural dried animal product, pig ears do have a meaty odour to them. This odour is one of the reasons why dogs are so attracted to them. For some people this smell will not matter, but if you are worried about the meaty smell sticking to your carpet and furniture, it is best to only offer your dog pig ears outside or in rooms with hard floors.
Pig ears are also fairly greasy compared to other similar treats on the market, which is because of their high fat content. This is another reason why you may not want your dog chewing them on carpet or furniture.
FAQs About Pigs Ears for Dogs
Can I Give my Puppy Pigs Ears?
It is not recommended that puppies are given pig ears. This is because the high fat content may lead to gastrointestinal upsets, such as vomiting, diarrhoea and gut discomfort.
How Often Can I Give My Dog a Pigs Ear?
Pig ears should be given in moderation. As a recommended guideline, a medium sized dog should not have more than one pig ear per week. Remember that pig ears are not calorie free, and so the amount of food should be slightly adjusted on that day to avoid an increase in the number of daily calories above what is recommended.
How Long Will a Pig Ear Last?
If you're looking for a long-lasting treat to keep your dog entertained for hours, pig ears may not be for your dog! A smaller dog, or one with a more delicate chewing action, may take a fairly long time to get through a pig ear. However, an excited middle or large breed dog with a healthy appetite is likely to get through it in under five minutes.
Are Pig Ears Linked to Behaviour Problems?
Pig ears, per se, are not the cause of any behaviour problems, however if you have a dog who is possessive over food then they may growl or snap if you try to take a pig ear away from them.
This behaviour stems from your dog's attitude towards the hierarchy of the household. Dogs see their owners as part of their pack. Dominant dogs always eat first in a pack, and therefore if your dog feels he must warn you from coming near his food, this means he thinks he is higher in the hierarchy than you are.
If this is a case, you should consult a canine behaviourist to understand ways to ensure your dog sees you as their master, rather than their equal or beneath them.
Alternatives to Pigs Ears
There are several pig ear alternatives available on the market. If you wish to stick to pig ears, but in a slightly different form, some pet stores will sell them as rolls, which your dog can easily carry around. Because these are much thicker, they are considerably longer lasting.
If you wish to give your dog a different chew which is still natural and healthy, knuckle bones and antlers are both options that you will find in pet stores. However, knuckle bones can pose many health concerns to your dog, such as splintering and breaking off pieces which can cause blockages. Antlers are significantly safer, as they will not break or splinter, and they will also last for many months instead of simply seconds. Unfortunately, antlers are considerably more expensive than pig ears.
Rawhide chews are also commonly found in pet stores, in the same section as the pig ears. They may initially appear as a more attractive option, as they do not smell and are also made from animal by-products. However, the reality is less attractive. Rawhide is produced from a manufacturing process which can leave many chemicals still in the chew, which may be detrimental to your dog, so it is far less natural than it originally appears. In addition, it digests much slower in the gut, and can easily cause blockages if large pieces are swallowed.
In Conclusion...
Pig ear treats can be nutritious and delicious treats for your dog to enjoy on a moderated basis. They can be beneficial to your pet's health, especially dental health; however, they should be offered with precaution to avoid your dog from swallowing pieces which could cause an obstruction. They should be avoided if your dog is still a puppy, overweight or prone to bouts of pancreatitis, but if your dog is a healthy adult dog


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Check Your Numbers
How to Play
- Pick up a Daily 3/Daily 4 play slip at your favorite West Virginia Lottery Retailer.
- There are five panels on a slip. You can play one panel or all five. Begin with Panel A, select Daily 3 in the game section.
- Select your wager amount. ($.50 or $1.00) The game type Exact/Any is $1.00 only.
- Select a game type. If you need an explanation of the different types please see the chart in the "PAYOUT" section of this site.
- Select 3 numbers between 0-9. Mark the appropriate boxes on your slip with black or blue ink. Please do not use red.
- You may have the computer randomly select your numbers for you by marking the "Easy Pick" box.
- Hand your marked play slip to the store clerk and you will receive a ticket with your Daily 3 numbers on it. You must purchase your ticket by 6:49 p.m., ET. the day of the drawing.
- Watch the Daily 3 drawing on your local television station or check here on our site the following day to see if you've won.
- For more information on whether your numbers won or not click on the "PAYOUT" link to the left.
Match all three numbers in EXACT ORDER for a Exact Bet. Match all three numbers in ANY ORDER for an Any Bet. A 3-way, 6-way and other 'Any' types denote the numbers YOU CHOOSE. For instance, a 3-way means there are two numbers that are alike leaving only three combinations for that set of numbers to come up (112). A Box 6-way would mean all three numbers are different leaving six combinations (123).


4 ways the policing community are making a difference in diversity & inclusion
Our friends in the policing community recognize, value and celebrate the diversity in the world around us. Each force stands together to advocate for a workplace that reflects the communities they serve and protect. In this blog, we share how four policing organizations are making a difference in the diversity and inclusion space.
1. Creating equal opportunities for everyone, Essex Police
A diverse workforce is what strengthens any organization. And, Essex Police are championing workplace diversity with their 'We Value Difference' recruitment campaign.
Inclusive recruitment is necessary in achieving workplace diversity. How we write our job descriptions, facilitate job applications, adjust the interview process, and indeed, advertise career opportunities, are all elements which affect the diversity of our applicants and successful candidates.
Throughout their 'We Value Difference' campaign, Essex Police demonstrate the diversity of their workforce, in an effort to 'dispel the myths that you have to be a certain 'type' of person to be a police officer'. With their slogan, 'One team. One family. One county. One force', they highlight that their workforce is simply made up of different people, with the same values. With a focus on shared values, the campaign invites candidates from all walks of life - and really highlights their commitment to diversity, inclusion and equality.
"Our officers don't let their differences hold them back. They embrace them and use them as strengths – whether it's their age and experience, their language, their gender, or their cultural background, everyone has something unique to bring to the workforce." - Essex Police
Take a look at their recent advertisement;
2. Actively listening. Thoughtfully adapting. Proactively supporting, the Metropolitan Police
Being a truly inclusive organization is about actively examining your current situation - and being proactive in addressing your identified challenges. The Metropolitan Police have been demonstrating their commitment to inclusion, recently sharing with us how they uncovered, addressed, and improved personal challenges of their own.
Their extensive work began as they aimed to understand how well they were doing, particularly in relation to disability inclusion. A review by the Business Disability Forum found some areas that required improvement. In the time that followed, they talked to their people to understand the cause of the identified challenges. They actively listened, until they had a complete understanding of the challenges, and why they existed.
Finally, they were able to start addressing the challenges with some thoughtful adjustments. Taking into consideration the points raised by their workforce, they began to redesign their policies, processes and procedures.
Today, they're proactively supporting their workforce with a workplace adjustments process redesigned to meet the needs and desires of their staff. Key elements include workplace adjustment and carers passports; a centralized hub for easier coordination with stakeholders; a tiered system, providing employees with autonomy to self-approve adjustments; and, appointment of a Senior Champion to keep disability confidence high on the agenda.
3. Celebrating difference & championing an inclusive culture, Merseyside police
In addition to taking positive action with your diversity and inclusion initiatives, it's also important to create a culture of belonging - an environment where employees feel comfortable and confident to be who they are. This can be helped by openly talking about diversity, and celebrating the strengths it brings. Not only do Merseyside Police have a range of staff support networks and associations, they also dedicate time for their organization to share, learn, promote and celebrate inclusivity.
Over National Inclusion Week this year, they kicked off an educational series where the departments across their force came together to inspire one other. They held webinars and talks from key speakers to educate each other on a diverse range of topics. Discussions ranged from unconscious bias, to neurodiversity, and the menopause.
Alongside this, they continued their conversations over social media, sharing the differences that make their employees unique - and sharing why diversity, equality and inclusion is high on their agenda.
"We realize that the organization will only be truly inclusive when each and every Merseyside Police officer and staff member recognizes, appreciates and champions difference so that people across our force, individually and as one team, can do their best work." - Merseyside Police
4. Supporting D&I in the workplace and beyond, Hertfordshire Constabulary
Extending their initiatives to the wider community, Hertfordshire Constabulary actively advocate for equality and inclusion for everyone. Last year, they displayed a big presence, and were involved in many initiatives across different groups.
They hosted and took part in a mix of educational and celebratory events, to understand the challenges different groups faced, and identify how better to support inclusion in their community. Working alongside other organizations, they also aimed to support the health, safety and wellbeing of vulnerable groups. Some of these included;
 - Tailored workshops on addiction and mental health, helping to educate officers on how to best interact with people fighting addiction and mental health challenges
 - LGBT+ conference held by Hertfordshire Constabulary, with sessions from police officers, community partners and the LGBT+ community.
 - Continued efforts to grow their Key Individual Network, a group of 800+ people representing their diverse communities.
 - Think Safe courses delivered to adults with learning disabilities, in partnership with the Community Learning Disability Service, Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service and Hertfordshire Constabulary.
 - Free to be' workshops, delivered to students in an effort to promote anti-bullying and encourage students to challenge prejudice;
 - Watford's 'We' campaign, an anti-discrimination campaign in conjuction with Watford Football Club, to celebrate difference and tackle discrimination
You can hear more about their initiatives in 'Policing Hertfordshire for everyone Issue 9'
We hope you've been inspired reading about the different approaches to D&I. At Texthelp, we've been supporting the policing community with inclusive technology, designed to empower a diverse workforce. Learn more in our case study with South Yorkshire Police.
P.S We'd love to hear what you're doing to make a difference in diversity, equality and inclusion. Let us know in the comments below!


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From Ohio History Central
Rock House is part of the Hocking Hills State Park near Logan, Ohio. The cave is one of Ohio's most popular natural history attractions.
Rock House is the only true cave in Hocking Hills State Park. Water slowly eroded away Blackhand Sandstone, creating the cave. Sandstone is a very porous substance and much more susceptible to erosion than many other types of rocks. Rock House is approximately twenty-five feet high, two hundred feet long, and twenty to thirty feet wide. Seven "windows," openings that allow sunlight into the cave, exist. Several sandstone columns also support Rock House's roof.
Rock House received its name for two reasons. First, the cave does resemble a house, with its roof, the supporting stone pillars, and its "windows." Secondly, various groups have used the cave as shelter for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence has shown that Indians inhabited the cave. The natives constructed small ovens in the rock walls to cook meals. They also created troughs in the cave's floor, which collected water, providing inhabitants with a water supply. During the nineteenth century, robbers and bandits supposedly hid in the Rock House. Because of this, many local residents referred to Rock House as "Robbers' Roost."
In 1924, the State of Ohio purchased 146 acres of land in the Hocking Hills. This purchase formally established Hocking Hills State Park. The State of Ohio eventually purchased additional land, including Rock House. First owned and operated by the Ohio Department of Forestry, in 1949, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the Ohio Division of Parks assumed control of Hocking Hills State Park. Rock House was a popular tourist attraction for nearly century before the State of Ohio established Hocking Hills State Park. In 1835, Logan, Ohio businessman F.F. Rempel built a sixteen-room hotel a short distance away from Rock House. The hotel included a ballroom, stables, and even a post office.


Definitions for panaceaˌpæn əˈsi ə
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word panacea
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
pan•a•ce•aˌpæn əˈsi ə(n.)(pl.)-ce•as.
 1. a remedy for all ills; cure-all.
 2. a solution for all difficulties.
Origin of panacea:
1540–50; < L < Gk panákeia=panake-, s. of panakḗs all-healing
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Panacea(noun)
 2. panacea, nostrum, catholicon, cure-all(noun)
 1. panacea(Noun)
 2. panacea(Noun)
 Something that will solve all problems.
 A monorail will be a panacea for our traffic woes.
 3. panacea(Noun)
 A particular plant believed to provide a cure-all.
 4. Panacea(ProperNoun)
 Daughter of Asclepius and Salus (or Epione). She was the personification of healing through herbs.
 5. Origin: From panacea, from πανάκεια, from πανακής, from πᾶν (equivalent to English pan-) + ἄκος.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Panacea(noun)
 2. Panacea(noun)
 the herb allheal
 1. Panacea
 In Greek mythology, Panacea was a goddess of Universal remedy. She was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione. Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art: Panacea, Hygieia, Iaso, Aceso, and Aglæa/Ægle. Panacea also had four brothers – Podaleirus, one of the two kings of Tricca, who had a flair for diagnostics, and Machaon, the other king of Tricca, who was a master surgeon; Telesphoros, who devoted his life to serving Asclepius; and Aratus, her stepbrother, who was a Greek hero and the patron/liberator of Sicyon. Panacea was said to have a poultice or potion with which she healed the sick. This brought about the concept of the panacea in medicine, a substance meant to cure all diseases. The term is also used figuratively as something intended to completely solve a large, multi-faceted problem.
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46 U.S. Code § 5101 - Definitions
prev | next
In this chapter—
(1) "domestic voyage" means movement of a vessel between places in, or subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States, except movement between—
(A) a place in a territory or possession of the United States or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and
(B) a place outside that territory, possession, or Trust Territory.
(2) "economic benefit of the overloading" means the amount obtained by multiplying the weight of the overload (in tons) by the lesser of—
(A) the average freight rate value of a ton of the vessel's cargo for the voyage; or
(B) $50.
(3) "existing vessel" means—
(A) a vessel on a domestic voyage, the keel of which was laid, or that was at a similar stage of construction, before January 1, 1986; and
(B) a vessel on a foreign voyage, the keel of which was laid, or that was at a similar stage of construction, before July 21, 1968.
(4) "freeboard" means the distance from the mark of the load line assigned under this chapter to the freeboard deck.
(5) "freeboard deck" means the deck or other structure the Secretary prescribes by regulation.
(6) "minimum safe freeboard" means the freeboard that the Secretary decides cannot be reduced safely without limiting the operation of the vessel.
(7) "weight of the overload" means the amount obtained by multiplying the number of inches that the vessel is submerged below the applicable assigned freeboard by the tons-an-inch immersion factor for the vessel at the assigned minimum safe freeboard.
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised section 5101
Source: Section (U.S. Code) 46 App. U.S.C. 86a.
Section 5101 contains definitions that are limited to Chapter 51—Load Lines. Existing Section 46 App. U.S.C. 86a (which defines only the terms "new ship" and "existing ship") will be replaced by section 5101. Definitions of technical terms ("freeboard", "freeboard deck", and "minimum safe freeboard") have been added for clarity. The definition of the term "new ship" has been deleted because the term is not used in Chapter 51. The definition of "domestic voyage" includes the phrase "places in or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States." "Places subject to the jurisdiction of the United States" include deep water ports, production platforms, mining sites outside of territorial waters of the United States but within the United States' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that was established by Presidential Proclamation 5030, dated March 10, 1983, or on the outer continental shelf. The phrases "economic benefit of overloading" and "weight of the overload" have been defined for purposes of establishing a standard method of determining the value of the cargo with which a vessel is overloaded. The value of the cargo will in turn affect the maximum penalty assessed for overloading the vessel. The definition of "freeboard deck" provides the Secretary with the authority to designate as the freeboard deck either the actual deck (on standard vessels) or another structure (on non-standard vessels). Non-standard vessels, for which this regulatory flexibility is necessary, include shelter deck vessels, semi-submersible multi-hull units, container ships, surface effect vessels, and commercial submarines.
Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
19 CFR - Customs Duties
46 CFR - Shipping


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Training program practical information
|Not scheduled or full - keep me informed|
1 and 2
3 to 6
7 and up
The workshops are based on a mutual predefined scope and time. The purpose is to have a custom workshop session with a group of people of the same company led by a subject expert. That way specific content can be discussed, or a more practical approach is possible. The workshops are still trainings but can be guided by the trainees, the workshops are however not intended as consultancy to solve individual problems.
The workshops that we currently offer are the ByteBlower, (Euro)DOCSIS and Wi-Fi workshop. Workshops are always tailored on a specific demand and the content need to be agreed on prior to getting an individual offer.
Workshops are only available when a company contracts to host it for a group of participants.
What can you expect?
- A subject expert leading an interactive training session
- Be able to ask all your questions within a predefined scope
- Ability to have hands-on
To be defined.
- Self-organizing networks: the ideal scenario
- Making the business case for MIMO
- Making the business case for multi-node solutions
- Analyzing Wi-Fi performance using the ByteBlower Wireless Endpoint and wireless captures
- How to design a VHD (Very High Density) network: The Basics
Depends on the topics of the workshop.


In'swine production' (pig farming), the verb 'Farrow' means to give birth to pigs. Needless to say, farrowing is something that only sows do.
The noun farrow means 'a litter of piglets'.
This is an interesting contrast when compared to its definition in regards to cattle farming, where it means a cow is 'not in calf', that is, not pregnant.


Help Center>Studio (Foundation)
Create a script to query SAP
Creating a Query script is a five-step process.
choose define map submit approve run process
 1. Choose fields by using tables, InfoSets, or logical databases. Or, if you are more familiar with transactions in SAP, you can create a query from a transaction recording.
 file new query
 2. Specify criteria.
 3. Map the script's fields to a data file.
 4. Submit the script for approval.
 5. Run the script to download the data from SAP.
These topics walk you step-by-step through the basic end-to-end process of building and running a query.
For information on more advanced features, see the best practices or click the links at the end of a topic.
Winshuttle Function Module is required for multiple-table queries on systems that are running Winshuttle SAP Integration Server v11.x.
The number of tables that you can add to a query is specified in the Foundation site's settings. If you are not able to add all the tables that you need, contact your Foundation site manager or consider using an InfoSet or a logical database (LDB).
Approving your own queries
If you have a developer role, and if self-approval is enabled by the administrator, you can run files on a nonproduction server without submitting them for approval.
If your Foundation administrator removes the approval requirement, all queries can be created and run without first being approved.


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Free Search (1444 videos)
IML-1: International Microgravity Laboratory
- Title IML-1: International Microgravity Laboratory
- Released 01/01/1992
- Length 00:16:05
- Language English
- Footage Type Documentary
A 16:07 minute description of Space Lab, the world's first reusable space laboratory built in Europe and launched in December 1983 and the international collaborative project IML, the International Microgravity Laboratory. Through interviews with ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold and ESA Project Scientist Claude Brillouet the video explains what microgravity is and why it is important for research in many different scientific areas including astronomy, Earth observation, biology and human physiology. Research was also carried out in the IML on the "critical point", the transitional state of certain materials such as the moment when ice changes to water.


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| Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Anxiety, Advice, and the Ability to Discern: Feeling Anxious Motivates Individuals to Seek and Use Advice
Across eight experiments, we describe the influence of anxiety on advice seeking and advice taking. We find that anxious individuals are more likely to seek and rely on advice than are those in a neutral emotional state (Experiment 1), but this pattern of results does not generalize to other negatively-valenced emotions (Experiment 2). The relationships between anxiety and advice seeking and anxiety and advice taking are mediated by self-confidence; anxiety lowers self-confidence, which increases advice seeking and reliance upon advice (Experiment 3). Though anxiety also impairs information processing, impaired information processing does not mediate the relationship between anxiety and advice taking (Experiment 4). Finally, we find that anxious individuals fail to discriminate between good and bad advice (Experiment 5a-c), and between advice from advisors with and without a conflict of interest (Experiment 6).
Keywords: Motivation and Incentives;


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Using segway-like balancing technology, these incredible robots can climb a pole while balancing, hop like a pogo stick, and even climb up stairs. These outstanding creations and more are the product of University of Southern Cal's robotics lab.
The first robot is called the iLean. It's basically two wheels attached to a pole which it plants on the ground and balances upon. It then turns its wheels inward and climbs up the pole while maintaining perfect balance.
Next is the iHop which is essentially a self balancing pogo stick. It also has wheels to help it balance and move freely. The pogo-stick like abilities are demonstrated later in the video.


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Are cow parsnips dangerous?
Are cow parsnips dangerous?
Can you eat cow parsnip? It is not toxic, but the juice can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Washing the affected area and avoiding sunlight for a few days can reduce irritation. The plant is eaten by deer, elk, moose and livestock.
How can you tell if a plant is giant hogweed?
Giant Hogweed Identification Edges are spikey and serrated. Numerous small white flowers arranged in umbrella-shaped heads up to 80cm (31 inches) across. Flowers in late spring to mid summer. Thick, bright green often with reddish spots – can also be nearly completely reddish.
Is cow parsley the same as hogweed?
Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) The leaves are completely different to giant hogweed, with a feathery appearance. This is a native plant common along hedgerows. It grows to 60–170 cm (24–67 in) and also has clusters of white flowers in umbels.
What's the difference between wild parsnip and cow parsnip?
Cow parsnip (pictured above) has white flowers while wild parsnip has yellow flowers. Once cow parsnip starts to turn to seed, some can confuse the two because the flower color starts to fade. Difference can be seen in the leaf shape. It looks like an open palm while wild parsnip leaves look oblong.
Is hogweed and cow parsnip the same plant?
The Cow Parsnip's stem, green and ridged with fine white hairs. The Hogweed stem, green with purple / reddish splotches and coarse white hairs. The leaves of the Hogweed have a knife-like serrated edge. The shape of the Cow Parsnip leaf is similar to that of a maple leaf.
Can you touch cow parsnip?
All parts of the cow parsnip plant contain a phototoxic sap. When an individual gets the sap on their skin it causes a reaction called phytophotodermatitis.
Are wild parsnip and giant hogweed the same?
Giant Hogweed is often confused with native Cow Parsnip. The two are compared below. Giant hogweed has large, very deeply lobed leaves with jagged edges (up to 2.5 metres long), whereas Cow parsnip leaves are smaller (only 40cm long) and its leaves are wider, less lobed and less jagged.
How do you identify wild parsnips?
Wild parsnip can grow up to 5′ tall and has hollow, grooved stems that are hairless. Leaves resemble large celery leaves. They are yellow-green, coarsely toothed and compound, with 3-5 leaflets. Small, yellow flowers are clustered together in a flat-topped array approximately 3-8″ across.
Is Cow Parsnip hogweed?
Heracleum sphondylium, commonly known as hogweed, common hogweed or cow parsnip, is a herbaceous perennial or biennial plant, in the umbelliferous family Apiaceae that includes fennel, cow parsley, ground elder and giant hogweed. It is native to Europe and Asia.
Is cow parsnip hogweed?
How can you tell cow parsley from giant hogweed?
Hedge parslies tend to be smaller, more delicate and spindly and often shorter than cow parsley. Hogweeds have a bigger leaf, with broader fronds. Giant hogweed sap from all parts of the plant is poisonous. Common hogweed may also pose a threat as the hairs on the stem can cause skin irritation and burns.
Are hogweed and wild parsnip the same?
View the Difference Both plants have large leaves dissected into 3 leaflets, but leaflets of cow parsnip (left) have rounded lobes and giant hogweed leaflets (right) have pointed lobes. Also, giant hogweed leaves are twice the size of cow parsnip leaves.
How do you get rid of Cow Parsnip?
Herbicides containing glyphosate can be an effective tool to control larger populations of wild parsnip. Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide that kills green plants that it comes into contact with.
What is Cow Parsnip used for?
As medicine, pastes of dried grated roots are applied to swollen legs to relieve swelling and also used on aching limbs and heads to relieve pain. Other uses included making a yellow dye from the roots and using the dried stems to make flutes for children. In the garden, Cow Parsnip is easy to care for.
Does Cow Parsnip cause blindness?
That striking plant can attain a height of 4 metres (about 13 feet) and has a stout red-spotted stem and a white inflorescence up to 0.5 metre in diameter. Contact with the sap of giant hogweed is especially dangerous and can cause severe photosensitive blistering and scarring; blindness can also occur.
Is hogweed the same as wild parsnip?
What does it look like? Giant Hogweed is often confused with native Cow Parsnip. The two are compared below. Giant hogweed has large, very deeply lobed leaves with jagged edges (up to 2.5 metres long), whereas Cow parsnip leaves are smaller (only 40cm long) and its leaves are wider, less lobed and less jagged.
What happens if you touch wild parsnip?
Wild parsnip, which is similar to giant hogweed, produces a poisonous sap which causes the skin to become extremely sensitive to sunlight, leading to severe burns and blisters. WARNING: Disturbing image of the burn and blister is below. Discretion is advised.
Is common hogweed cow parsnip the same plant?
Are cow parsnips edible?
Cow parsnip is an edible plant. But, unlike other common edibles like nettles or lambs quarters, it has a strong flavor that some people won't like. For the best result, I suggest you cook with cow parsnip's green parts as you would an herb.
Is Cow Parsnip in the UK?
Cow Parsnip is also sometimes referred to as hogweed. It is a plant that grows commonly across the UK. You probably have seen it on the side of the road while driving in the humid areas of Scotland, but it is also common in other parts of the UK.
Is Cow Parsnip the same as poison hemlock?
Another distinction: cow parsnip's outer flowers have more deeply divided petals of unequal size. Poison hemlock is native to Europe, Africa and Asia. Its probably one of DuPage County's most poisonous plants. It grows throughout the county, mostly in sunny degraded areas.
Can you mow over wild parsnip?
Use a riding mower (not a push mower) to mow wild parsnip so mowed pieces are left on the ground and not on you. If possible, begin mowing in late May and continue through the summer, at a height of 8 inches or less. Mow the area for about three years and the parsnip will be virtually gone.
Why should you not burn wild parsnip?
Like giant hogweed and other members of the carrot family, it produces sap containing chemicals that can cause human skin to react to sunlight, resulting in intense burns, rashes or blisters.
How do you get rid of cow parsnips?
If possible, begin mowing in late May and continue through the summer, at a height of 8 inches or less. Mow the area for about three years and the parsnip will be virtually gone. Use a Parsnip Predator tool, available online through Prairie Enthusiasts, to easily and safely remove wild parsnip as whole plants.
Is Cow Parsnip toxic to dogs?
Cow parsnip poisoning is caused by furanocoumarins in the foliage of Heracleum maximum, which can produce phytophotodermatitis or photosensitivity if your dog eats the plant or if the sap is absorbed through the skin. In addition, exposure to cow parsnip can also cause ocular damage leading to permanent blindness.
Is cow parsnip the same as hogweed?
This flowering plant is native e to North America and garden owners consider it a weed as it is invasive in nature and grows very quickly to tower other plants. One of the most known species of Cow Parsnip is the Giant Hogweed. It is important to know what makes the difference and why cow parsnip vs giant hogweed is not the same thing.
What are the most common skin reactions to cow parsnip/hogweed?
One of the more common skin reactions to cow parsnip/hogweed, is the 'weed eaters' or 'strimmers' dermatitis. When string trimmers are used to clear long grass, components of weeds are usually mulched and scattered in all directions, often coating the legs and arms of the operator.
What does a cow parsnip look like?
The fact that there are many related plants with Cow Parsnip that scare people when they identify it in their gardens. The visible characteristic of this perennial plant is its large flower head that looks like an umbrella consisting of lots of tiny white flowers.
Is cow parsnip an invasive plant?
Cow Parsnip is a name used for more than 60 species of perennial plants belonging to the genus Heracleum. This flowering plant is native e to North America and garden owners consider it a weed as it is invasive in nature and grows very quickly to tower other plants. One of the most known species of Cow Parsnip is the Giant Hogweed.


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Some undesirable traps which can mislead the pathologist
 1. Victor Mercier1,
 2. Milène Sasso1,
 3. Pascal Kouyoumdjian2,
 4. Damien Sizaret3,
 5. Simon Benzimra4,
 6. Samia Gonzalez5,
 7. Guillaume Desoubeaux6
 1. 1CNRS, Université Montpellier - IRD, Nîmes, France
 2. 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nîmes and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
 3. 3Department of Pathology, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
 4. 4Laboratoire Biolab 33, Bordeaux, France
 5. 5Département de Biopathologie, Hôpital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
 6. 6Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine tropicale, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
 1. Correspondence to Dr Victor Mercier, IRD, Nîmes 30029, France; victor.mercier{at}
In clinical laboratories, the diagnosis of parasite diseases can sometimes be challenging for non-expert microbiologists. Indeed, in spite of the advent of the molecular biology, macroscopic and microscopic examinations still remain essential. Nonetheless, it is usually not automated and requires great skills to complete the correct diagnosis. It is not infrequent that inert elements mislead to erroneous diagnoses. Through three different concrete examples, this article aims at underscoring the actual risk of parasite misidentification and at highlighting the systematic approach to be conducted in order to enable reliable diagnosis.
 - pathology department
 - hospital
 - parasites
 - morphological and microscopic findings
 - anatomy
Statistics from
 - Handling editor Tony Mazzulli.
 - Contributors VM and GD were involved in writing and concept. MS was involved in reviewing. DS, MS, PK and SG were involved in reviewing and diagnosis.
 - Competing interests None declared.
 - Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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Using Liquibase with SQLite
SQlite is a relational database management system that implements a small, fast, and self-contained embedded SQL database engine.
Supported Versions
 - 3.X
Before using Liquibase and SQLite, ensure you have completed the following:
Driver Information
To use Liquibase and SQLite, you must install the JDBC driver:
 1. Download the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file for a version of SQLite that is supported by Liquibase. You can also download this jar from Maven's central repository.
 2. Place the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file in the liquibase/lib directory.
 3. Note: If you put the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file in any other directory, specify the path to it in the file: classpath:../path_to_drivers/sqlite-jdbc-.jar.
 4. Open your file and specify the driver value in it:
 5. driver: org.sqlite.JDBC
If you use Maven, add the following XML fragments to your Maven pom.xml file:
Maven will use this information to download the SQLite JDBC library from Maven's central repository into your local repository.
Testing Your Connection
For Liquibase and SQLite to work, you need to:
 1. Ensure your SQLite database is configured. You can use sqlite3 commands like.databases and.show to check the status of the database.
 2. Specify the database URL in your file:
 3. url: jdbc:sqlite:example.db
 4. Create a changelog file called dbchangelog (.xml,.sql,.json, or.yaml) in your project directory and add a changeset to it.
 1. Specify your changelog in the file. It should look like this:
 2. changeLogFile: dbchangelog.xml
 url: jdbc:sqlite:example.db
 driver: org.sqlite.JDBC
 Note: By default, SQLite databases do not require authentication, so the username and password attributes do not have to be specified. For more information, see SQLite User Authentication.
 3. Run the status command to see whether the connection is successful. This will create a database called example.db in your project folder if it does not already exist.
 4. liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml status
 Note: If you did not specify any properties in your file, they must be passed into the command line as attributes.
 5. You can preview any database changes you want to make using the updateSQL command, which will compare your changelog to your database and display the SQL needed to add your undeployed changesets. Then run your first database update with the update command.
 6. liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml updateSQL
 liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml update
 After your first update, you will see a new table along with the DATABASECHANGELOG and DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK tables added to the database:
 - DATABASECHANGELOG table. This table keeps a record of all the changesets that were deployed. When you deploy, the changesets in the changelog are compared with the DATABASECHANGELOG tracking table, and only the new changesets that were not found in the DATABASECHANGELOG will be deployed.
 - DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table. This table is used internally by Liquibase to manage access to the DATABASECHANGELOG table during deployment and ensure only one instance of Liquibase is updating the database at a time, whether that is creating, updating, or deleting changes.
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