text:
Dry season pasture budget: a guide for stocking rates
As we all know, over-stocking causes stress on stock, pastures, soil and in the long term bank balances. Estimating the carrying capacity of your land and stocking according to it reduces these risks. There are two main types of carrying capacity—long-term carrying capacity or short-term carrying capacity, otherwise known as forage or dry season pasture budgeting. Both involve matching pasture supply to cattle feed intake requirements.
It is common practice to estimate the amount of feed that will be available over the dry season for stock and adjusting stocking levels in April or May, i.e. going into winter. A dry season pasture budget aims to estimate feed available for the dry season and compares it with estimated feed intake of the cattle. It should also allow for the return of organic matter to the soil for healthy pastures and pasture consumed by native and feral animals. The two methods described below provide a guide that can complement your current approaches for setting stocking rates.
Approach 1: Using Stocktake photo standards and a safe stocking rate calculator
One simple approach is to estimate standing feed using photo standards specific to your pasture system. Figures 1 and 2 are examples of photo standards for black speargrass in south-east Queensland. A full range of photo standards is available in the Stocktake workshop manual.
1. Estimate the amount of pasture available using the appropriate photo standard for your pasture type.
2. On the Safe Stocking Rate Calculator draw a line joining the class of cattle to be grazed and the amount of pasture available.
3. Continue this line to the right axis and read off the Safe Stocking Rate Calculator.
Using the photo standards the pasture on offer is estimated to be 2,500kg/ha.
The cattle to graze the paddock are two-year-old steers.
By joining these two points on the Safe stocking rate calculator the safe stocking rate is one steer to four hectares.
Figure 1. Black speargrass dry matter pasture yield 830kg/ha (south-east Queensland)
Figure 2. Black speargrass dry matter pasture yield 2,450kg/ha (south-east Queensland)
Figure 3. Safe stocking rate calculator for cattle in the semi arid zone
Approach 2: Cut and measure standing feed and calculate intakes
This approach involves estimating kilograms of feed per hectare using pasture cuts and then using your own estimates of feed intake to calculate stocking rate. An advantage is that you can create your own photo standards. The following steps are required:
1. Cut, dry and weigh pasture samples of a representative area and calculate 'kilograms per hectare'. See the text box for details. This example arrived at 2,900kg of dry matter per hectare.
2. Consider how much of the pasture will be useful to stock, allowing for unpalatable species. For example, assume 80% of the pasture is useful, so 80% of 2,900 = 2,400kg.
3. Estimate a utilisation figure to allow for pasture health, competition from other animals, return of organic matter to the soil, stock trampling, etc. Generally utilisation is about 30% for native pastures and 40% for sown pastures. For example, 30% of 2,400kg/ha = 720kg dry matter. This is the amount of pasture available per hectare to be eaten by stock. In more fragile native pastures, or if you are planning to burn reduce the utilisation figure, to leave more grass.
4. Estimate the budget period, for instance the number of days from the end of effective rainfall in autumn to the start of effective rainfall the following spring. For example, a dry season from the end of May to the end of November is 210 days. You can use past rainfall records to estimate when you can reliably predict rainfall in quantities over 30mm. You may choose to be more conservative and allow for the latest recorded start for reasonable spring rains. The Rainman package can help predict these dates.
5. Estimate stock intakes. Stock intakes vary considerably with the size of the animal, the digestibility of feed and the animal's stage of production, such as growing, pregnant or lactating. Young animals eat a higher percentage of body weight than older stock. As a guide, cattle eat about 2.5–3% of body weight in dry matter on highly digestible feeds such as fresh pasture and grain and as low as 1% of body weight on poor feeds. Providing a supplement that supplies the nutrient(s) that is limiting production will increase intake. Consider a 450kg beast that maintains its weight over the dry season and consumes 1.8% of live eight per day. 1.8% of 450kg = 8kg dry matter per day for 210 days = 1,700kg dry matter per head.
6. We have estimated a supply of 720kg dry matter on one hectare and demand of 1,700kg dry matter per head per dry season, so 1,700kg demand divided by 720kg supply = 2.4ha. This is the area needed per beast to provide 1,700kg dry matter. A 50ha paddock under this scenario would support 20 head (50 divided by 2.4ha).
Steps in calculating pasture dry matter
1. Select a sample representative of the average paddock situation.
2. Use a 50cm x 50cm square (¼m²) quadrant to cut five pasture samples close to the ground.
3. Weigh each sample. This is the fresh or 'wet matter' weight.
4. Dry a sample in the oven or microwave to get a dry matter weight. Weigh the sample periodically. When the sample no longer loses weight after a drying process it is dry. If using a microwave include a glass of water in the oven to avoid the grass catching on fire when it becomes very dry.
6. Calculate dry matter: If a sample weighs 100g fresh and 80g dry, it is (80 divided by 100) multiplied by 100 = 80% dry matter and the remaining 20% is water.
7. Convert the wet weights to dry matters by taking the average of the five 'wet weight' samples and multiply by the dry matter percentage, following this example:
Sample 1. Weighs 92g
Sample 2. Weighs 84g
Sample 3. Weighs 98g
Sample 4. Weighs 86g
Sample 5. Weighs 95g
Average wet weight is (92 + 84 + 98 + 86 + 95) divided by 5 (the number of samples) = 91g
Conversion to dry matter: 91g of wet grass per ¼m² multiplied by 80% = 72.8g dry matter per ¼m²
8. To convert from grams per quarter square metre (g/¼m²) to kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) multiple by 40.
There is 72.8g in ¼m², so there is 72.8g x 4 = 291.2g per m² x 10,000m² in 1ha, then divide by 1,000 to get kilograms = 2,912kg dry matter per hectare.
Roger Sneath, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries.


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I love how notebooks work in Mathematica.
You can edit code in real time and hit Ctrl+Shift to run it.
Additionally you copy and paste different cells around to organize and test ideas.
Search and replace, plot/visualization,etc.. are built into the system.
My question: How could you adequately adapt Mathematica to use as a terminal replacement?
If not (this might get transferred to is there a terminal editor that exists that works like Mathematica's notebook interface?
share|improve this question
You can call external programs with Run[] and RunThrough[] but I don't think they can work interactively. – 0xFE Jan 27 '13 at 7:25
In response to your second question, the BBEdit shell worksheet offers some broadly similar ideas. – cormullion Jan 27 '13 at 9:20
Any version of Emacs has full terminal capability, and you find a version (often several) for any OS I know of. – m_goldberg Jan 27 '13 at 9:55
1 Answer 1
One thing that we can do is exploit the CellEvaluationFunction option of cells to replace the standard evaluator with a function of our own design. In this case, that evaluation function will invoke the system shell.
First, let's create a helper function that can create such cells:
evaluatableCell[label_String, evaluationFunction_] :=
 ( CellPrint[
 , "Program"
 , Evaluatable -> True
 , CellEvaluationFunction -> evaluationFunction
 , CellGroupingRules -> "InputGrouping"
 ; SelectionMove[EvaluationNotebook[], All, EvaluationCell]
 ; NotebookDelete[]
 ; SelectionMove[EvaluationNotebook[], Next, CellContents]
This function creates a cell with the look of a Program cell, but evaluates its contents using a function we provide. So if we wanted to have the system shell evaluate the contents, we would do this:
Note that when we evaluate this expression, the input expression is erased and replaced with a new cell. I'll say that again: the original expression is erased. This is convenient for frequent use, but if you have typed in a complex expression for testing purposes, save it before you evaluate! If you don't like this behaviour, simply remove the SelectionMove and NotebookDelete lines from evaluatableCell.
The replacement cell is treated as an evaluatable input cell. The following example was run on Windows:
This shell cell is very basic. The error-handling is non-existent and, on Windows at least, ignores all lines after the first. We can make this a little more robust if we write the text to be evaluated into a script file, run it, and capture the output. The following helper function captures this common idiom:
Options[runTempFile] = {FilePattern -> "_", FileExtension -> Automatic};
runTempFile[command_, text_, OptionsPattern[]] :=
 Module[{stream, file, result}
 , stream = OpenWrite[]
 ; Export[stream, text, "Text"]
 ; file = Close[stream]
 ; OptionValue[FileExtension] /.
 ext:Except[Automatic] :> (file = RenameFile[file, file~~"."~~ext])
 ; result = Import[
 StringReplace[command, OptionValue[FilePattern] -> file]
 , "Text"
 ; DeleteFile[file]
 ; result
Error-recovery is still a bit lax in this example, but we'll ignore that and blunder on. Armed with this helper function, we can handle the Windows limitation a bit better:
shellEvaluate[cmd_] /; $OperatingSystem == "Windows" :=
 runTempFile["!_ 2>&1", "_USER_ off\n"~~cmd, FileExtension -> "cmd"]
shellEvaluate[cmd_] :=
 Import["!"~~cmd~~" 2>&1", "Text"]
shellCell[] := EvaluatableCell["Shell", shellEvaluate[#]&]
Note that we are now merging the standard output and standard error streams. Let's use shellCell:
So we have met our stated goal of being able to execute shell commands from within Mathematica. But why stop there? All the arguments for being able to intersperse shell commands into our notebooks apply to any other language we use. Maybe we have Haskell installed on our machine:
haskellEvaluate[source_] := runTempFile["!runhaskell _ 2>&1", source]
haskellCell[] :=
 EvaluatableCell["Haskell", haskellEvaluate[#]&]
Mathematica's built-in Java also opens up some interesting possibilities. The included Rhino Javascript interpreter, for example:
evaluateRhino[script_String] :=
 JavaBlock @ Module[{engine}
 , engine = JavaNew["javax.script.ScriptEngineManager"]_USER_["JavaScript"]
 ; engine@eval[script]
rhinoCell[] :=
 evaluatableCell["Rhino", evaluateRhino[#]&]
Like this:
I could go on with more examples, but I think the point is made.
For an example of a user-defined input cell type that remembers state between evaluations, see this question.
Once again, I'll point out that the error-handling presented here is weak. I omitted it in order to keep this posting to a manageable size and to avoid drowning out the key ideas with boilerplate code.
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Why do you use ~~ in evaluatableCell["shell", Import["!" ~~ #, "Text"] &] opposed to evaluatableCell["shell", Import["!" <> #, "Text"] &]? Is this simply a style question or is their a another reason? – William Jan 31 '13 at 1:03
_USER_ There is no deep reason for my choice... until you mentioned it I hadn't really noticed that I had switched my common usage from <> to ~~. – WReach Jan 31 '13 at 1:17
Somehow I missed this version of your answer. Big +1. – Leonid Shifrin Jul 25 '13 at 14:53
Yes, I also only saw the previous version :). – Jacob Akkerboom Jul 25 '13 at 15:03
Your Answer


text:
Last Modified: 19.05.2022
Complex components have an in-built SEF generating function. These components always have an input parameter
SEF_MODE, which can accept values
N. When parameter
N, the component operates with actual links and passes all parameters using query's standard HTTP parameters. For example:
When the parameter
Y, the component generates and processes links based on templates. For example, it can recognize and process the link as follows:
, even if the parameter is located in the file
When the parameter
Y, the component must have the parameter
SEF_FOLDER, containing path to folder handled by the component. This path can may match with actual path and may not. For example, the component bitrix:catalog, connected in the file
/fld/cat.php can have the specified parameters
SEF_MODE = Y and
SEF_FOLDER=/catalog/. Then component will respond to queries at the path
/catalog/.... By default, editor must set a current actual path to edited file.
Complex component that can operate in SEF mode, must have a defined set of default path templates. For example, complex component bitrix:catalog can have a defined array as follows:
$arDefaultUrlTemplatesSEF = array(
"list" => "index.php",
"section" => "section.php?IBLOCK_ID=_TAG_#&SECTION_ID=_TAG_#",
"element" => "element.php?ELEMENT_ID=_TAG_#"
These path templates can be redefined using the complex component input parameter
SEF_URL_TEMPLATES, containing new array with all path templates or their segments.
Upon saving a page in editor with the component, operating in SEF mode, the system creates or updates an
urlrewrite record. For example, urlrewrite system creates or updates the record type when saving the file
/fld/cat.php, containing the component bitrix:catalog, switched to SEF mode with the parameter
"CONDITION" => "#^/catalog/#",
"ID" => "bitrix:catalog",
"PATH" => "/fld/cat.php"
CONDITION writes the value of parameter
SEF_FOLDER, framed with symbols "#^" and "#";
ID writes the name of component;
PATH writes the actual path to file to be saved.
When the record with such
ID already exist, it's updated, if doesn't - it's added.
Upon querying a non-existent page, the urlrewrite run-time searches a corresponding record by
CONDITION and forwards control to the
Based on template paths, component at the
PATH page identifies the requested page and restores variables, hidden within the path.
Mandatory requirement to the set of template paths for this component: each path template must be unique without accounting parameters and variables. This requirement must be checked upon saving a page in visual editor.
That is, set of path templates
"section" => "section/_TAG_#.php?IBLOCK_ID=_TAG_#",
"element" => "element/_TAG_#.php"
is permissible and set of paths
"section" => "_TAG_#.php?IBLOCK_ID=_TAG_#",
"element" => "_TAG_#.php"
is not permitted.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The real cost of crashes and deaths on NSW roads
Car crash
windscreen shattered
Be it as a passenger or driver, you've likely seen close calls on the road or experienced them yourself. But have you ever wondered how many road crashes occur each year?
In a bid to understand the trends in fatal road accidents, we analysed the number of lives lost and casualties on NSW roads, as well as quantified the cost by region and main arterial road.
Here, we provide a snapshot of our findings taken from the NRMA Cost of Crashes report.
The loss of life due to road crashes in NSW is on the increase since 2015
Over the past decade there has been a steady decline in the number of lives lost on NSW roads. However, 2015 and 2016 has seen an upward trend.
During 2011-2015, 1,723 lives were lost and 129,320 people were injured on NSW roads. While the number of fatalities decreased 20.3 per cent over the period 2006-10 to 2011-15, the number of total serious injuries increased 4.6 per cent to 61,130.
Source: NRMA Cost of Crashes report
Regional NSW has a higher proportion of road fatalities than metro NSW
Fatalities in regional NSW represent a disproportionate share of the NSW road toll, while serious, moderate, and minor injuries represent are larger proportion of casualties in the Sydney region.
In 2011-15, 67.1 per cent of fatalities occurred in regional NSW. By comparison, 55 per cent of serious injuries in 2011-15 occurred in the Sydney region.
Total cost of road trauma has decreased
During 2011-15, the cost of trauma on NSW roads totalled $35.7 billion. While the total cost of road trauma decreased 8.2 percent when compared to 2006-10, the total cost of serious injuries increased by 4.0 per cent to $17.8 billion in 2011-15.
Lives lost
For the period 2011-15, there was a 20.3 per cent decrease in the number of lives lost across NSW roads when compared to 2006-10. This means the total cost of fatalities declined from $15.57 billion in 2006-10 to $12.43 billion during 2011-15.
The average cost of a life lost on a NSW road for the period 2011-2015 was $7.21 million.
Serious injuries
Over the 10 year period from 2006 to 2015, there were 119,563 people seriously injured on NSW roads. For the period 2011-2015 there was a five per cent increase in the number of serious injuries (matched) to 33,560 from 31,971. This cost to the community is $9.71 billion compared to $9.35 billion for the period 2006 to 2010.
The average cost of someone being seriously injured on a NSW road for the period 2011-15 was $289,417.
What are the biggest problem regions in NSW?
Taking population density into account, the biggest increase in fatalities and injuries occurred in the Illawarra and Hunter regions of NSW.
There was a massive increase in the number of lives lost on the Oxley Highway in particular, from 11 to 25 in 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 respectively. To put it in perspective, that's up by a whopping 127.3%.
The Cost of Crashes report
Keeping Australians safe on our roads is a key part of why the NRMA exists. Safe mobility is a core of focus of the NRMA, incorporated into every aspect of our business.
There will never be an acceptable number of lives lost on our roads and industry, government and the community need to work together to continue to reduce the NSW road toll. The NRMA supports the NSW Government's target to reduce annual road deaths and serious injuries by at least 30 per cent by 2021, and will continue to shoulder some of this responsibility, championing safer vehicles, road upgrades and education campaigns to ensure all road users arrive safely at their destination.
Discover more in depth insights into the cost of crashes in NSW, including the cost of casualties to the Sydney region and Regional NSW, and the cost of casualties by NSW highways in the Cost of Crashes report.
Save up to 25% on insurance as a Member


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Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field with $\operatorname{char}(\mathbb{F})=p>0$.
The derivative of a polynomial $P(x)={\displaystyle \sum\limits _{i=0}^{n}a_{i}x^{i}}\in\mathbb{F}[x]$ is $P'(x)=\sum\limits _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}ix^{i-1}\in\mathbb{F}[x]$.
I wish to prove that for $f\in\mathbb{F}[x]$:$f'=0\implies f(x)=g(x^p)$ where $g(x)\in\mathbb{F}[x]$.
I tried going by this definition of the derivative here but all I got was $p\mid ia_i$ for all $i=1,2,..,n$.
Any ideas?
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What does mean $p | i a_i$? – Lierre Apr 20 '12 at 18:04
The following tangential comment might interest some readers. The error correction process for the Reed-Solomon codes used in CD and DVD players requires evaluation simultaneous evaluation of $\Lambda(x)$ and $x\Lambda^\prime(x)$ at the $255$-th roots of unity in $\mathbb F_{2^8}$ of characteristic $2$, and takes advantage of the fact that $x\Lambda^\prime(x)=\Lambda_1x+\Lambda_3x^3+\Lambda_5x^5+\cdots$ to save a lot of calculation by arranging the computation of $\Lambda(\alpha)$ to produce $\alpha\Lambda^\prime(\alpha)$ as a side result. – Dilip Sarwate Apr 20 '12 at 18:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Hint: While technically correct, the notion of divides, i.e. $\mid\;$, is not the best way to phrase things here; instead, since $\operatorname{char}(F)=p$, what you have is $ia_i=0$ for all $i=1,2,\ldots,n$. What does that tell you?
share|improve this answer
$i=0$ or $a_i=0$? – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:10
Exactly! :) $\text{}$ But remember, $i$ is not an element of the field $\mathbb F$, but is just a positive integer, so $i=0$ really only tells you that... – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:11
With this hint I got that:$a_1=0,...a_{p-1}=0,a_{p+1}=0...$ hence $P(x)=a_px^p+a_{2p}x^{2p}+...$ right? :) – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:16
Well, I should mention that for any $i\geq0$, either $a_i=0$ or $p\mid i$, or both - so it still might be the case that some of the $a_{np}=0$. – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:23
Thanks for the hint! by the way, can we say something about $x^p$? it's probably not true but does $x^p=x^0=1$? (why?) – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:23
The main point you have to understand here is that the statement $p |ia_i $ doesn't make sense because $p$ is not in $F$ and also there is no reasonable definition of "divisibility" in a field.
The correct thing to say is that $ia_i=\bar i\cdot a_i\in F$, with $\bar i\in \mathbb F_p\subset F$.
Hence if $p$ does not divide $i$ in $\mathbb N$ (where divisibility makes sense!), we have $\bar i\neq 0\in F$ and since $\bar i\cdot a_i=0\in F$ we deduce $a_i=0\in F$.
From this you get $f(x)=g(x^p)$ where $g(y)=\sum_i a_{ip}y^i$.
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Well, I said that at first too, but $p=\underbrace{1+\cdots+1}_{p\text{ times}}$ still makes sense in $F$, and since $p=0$ in $F$ and $0\mid m$ implies $m=0$ in any ring, $p\mid ia_i$ is still saying that $ia_i=0$ in $F$. But of course, I agree that $\mid$ is not the right thing to use in this situation. – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:44
Thank you for pointing this out, indeed it sould be written in a different way as you stated. +1 – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 20:00
Zev note is a good point too as there is a reasonable definition for divisibility in any ring really. – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 20:01
Dear _USER_, if $1\in \mathbb N$ is the usual Peano integer and if $p=1+...+1\in \mathbb N$ then, no, $p=1+1+...+1$ is not in $F$ because $\mathbb N$ is in no sense included in $F$: for example $F$ might be finite and $\mathbb N$ is infinite. On the other hand it is true that $\bar p=p*1_F=1_F+...+1_F=0_F\in F$ where I have denoted by $*$ the scalar multiplication of an element of $\mathbb Z$ with an element of the $\mathbb Z$-algebra $F$. The sentence you use "p=0 in F" is an abuse of language short-circuiting these precise notations. (To be continued) – Georges Elencwajg Apr 20 '12 at 20:32
(Continued) This is perfectly admissible for people, like you, who know exactly what they mean but beginners should be absolutely precise when confronted with these subtle concepts for the first time. – Georges Elencwajg Apr 20 '12 at 20:33
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 Pond snail illustration
 The Natural History of Model Organisms: The unlimited potential of the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
 István Fodor et al.
 The great pond snail is a multipurpose model organism and a contemporary choice for addressing a wide range of biological questions, problems and phenomena in the laboratory and the field.
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 Sexual selection gradients change over time in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
 Jeroen NA Hoffer et al.
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 Ancient origins of arthropod moulting pathway components
 André Luiz de Oliveira et al.
 Evolutionary reconstruction of the ecdysis pathway shows that its major elements are present in the majority of metazoans, providing evidence that they originated much earlier than currently assumed.
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 Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment
 Kate A Rawlinson et al.
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text:
The Center for Education at BIDMC offers a Teaching Consultation Service for all interested faculty. Consultations are conducted by Center for Education faculty members, who have been undergone extensive training on the principles of adult learning, curriculum development, feedback and evaluation, and peer review of teaching.
Consultations are provided on a range of topics including:
- Curriculum development
- Preparation of educational materials
- Provision of feedback and evaluation to learners
- Dealing with challenging interactions with learners
- Teaching in lectures
- Teaching in small group sessions
- Teaching at the bedside
- Teaching in the ambulatory setting
In addition, individuals may request peer observation of a teaching session to receive formative assessment on educational strategies and instructional skills. Videotape recording of teaching sessions is available and recommended to aid in the feedback process.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is the first academic medical center in the nation to implement a teaching consultation service. This program, funded by the medical center, is a reflection of the commitment of BIDMC to improving education for our students, residents and fellows.
To request a teaching consultation or to inquire about specific services offered, please email _EMAIL_.
|Center for Education
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
330 Brookline Avenue, ES-200
Boston, Massachusetts 02215


text:
In the wake of Syrian unrest, Israel's residents are scrambling to get their government-distributed gas masks. A month before the festival of Purim, Israeli children are learning to don another costume.
In the wake of Israel's strike on Syrian chemical weapons convoys on Wednesday, January 30th, Israeli citizens in the north, closer to the Syrian border, went to get their gas masks.Officials from the Israel Postal Company said that over 4,000 masks had been given out Tuesday, up from 1,400 on the days before. The company also stated that in Jerusalem and Beersheba the numbers were especially high, up from less than 400 a day to over 1,000. That means almost three times the average number of citizens came to distribution centers across the country to receive their protective gear.
As of now, more than 4,700,000 protective gear kits have been distributed countrywide.
Children are especially vulnerable to toxins, and Israel has had to create special gas masks for children. The image in the post is the cover to the User Manual (הוראות שימוש or horeot shimush) for a gas mask for children aged 0 - 2, and illustrates how Israel has coped with dangerous neighbors. In a a few short weeks, though, children will dress up very differently when they celebrate the redemption of the Jewish people from the evil plans of Haman on Purim.
Purim, celebrated on February 23rd, is a holiday for children (read more about the festival here).. Israeli children dress up and go around giving gifts - Mishloach Manot - to friends, as well as going to the synagogue to hear the Megilla (the story of Esther).
Help Israeli children celebrate this festive holiday and give them something to smile about in this trying time. Click here and purchase a Purim Treat for Children. Israel Today staff will go to various locations in the Jerusalem area and around Israel to deliver your Purim Treat to help children celebrate this festive holiday.
The Purim Treat will contain:
- A Noise Maker for Purim
- Lollies and sweets
- A Surprise gift bag
- Colorful stickers
Be part of the spirit of Purim. Bring joy to the children of Israel.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
You are given three test tubes labeled A B C without knowing what concentration of glucose is in each one. Which experiment would you use to find the solution which solution is the most concentrated?
1 Answer | Add Yours
We are given three test tubes each with a different concentration of glucose in it. The best chemical test to determine which one is the most concentrated would be to add a solution of KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) in acidic solution (such as HCl) to a small sample from each tube. KMnO4 is a purple solution that turns colorless as it reacts to oxidize glucose in solution. So take a small sample (say about 1 mL) from each of the tubes and measure the amount of a solution of acidic KMnO4 that is needed to be added to each sample to keep the purple color from disappearing. The most concentrated sample will require the most KMnO4 to be added to oxidize all of the glucose present.
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Tamarin Graveyard
Next-generation JavaScript 2 virtual machine (more info)
Select a component to see open bugs in that component:
Track discussions/bugs/patches for potential api changes, additions, etc.
Baseline JIT (CodegenLIR)
Bugs and features relating to the native code compiler and optimization stages.
Build Config
Bugs and feature requests in the Tamarin build and configuration setup.
The debugger API supports client/host debugging of the ActionScript language.
File documentation related bugs here.
Garbage Collection (mmGC)
Issues related to garbage collector.
The ABC interpreter implements the dynamic semantics of ABC programs.
The implementations of the built-in AS3 libraries, written in C++ and AS3.
Optimizing JIT
The "Optimizing JIT" is a high-level, optimizing JIT.
The sampling profiler provides performance data on where execution time is spent.
Project to support Tamarin as a script language in Internet Explorer.
Self-hosting compiler (ESC)
Bugs and features in the self-hosting compiler.
For bugs on tools and utilities within Tamarin rather than the VM itself.
Tracing Virtual Machine
Bugs and features related to the tracing virtual machine.
The verifier accepts or rejects ABC depending on whether it conforms to the syntax and static semantics of ABC.
Virtual Machine
Bugs and features related to run-time execution and performance.
Bugs and features related to Worker Threads


text:
How to Create Interactive Scenarios in Articulate Storyline
Date: Wednesday, July 11, 2012
Time: 10:00AM Pacific / 1:00PM Eastern (60 Minute Session)
The more relevant you can make the training to the learner's needs, the better it will be. One way to do so is by crafting decision-making scenarios. They are engaging and interactive. The challenge is that often we're pressed for time or we don't have the technical skills to create interactive content.
Join Tom as he shares his simple 3C model where you challenge the learner to make a decision, offer some choices, and produce consequences that provides relevant feedback or additional challenges. Then he'll show you how to quickly create them using Articulate Storyline.
In this session you'll learn:
- To use the 3C model to build decision-making scenarios
- Build interactive models using states, layers, and triggers in Storyline
- Craft interactive branched scenarios
- Discover how to create, share, and re-use what you build
About Tom Kuhlmann
Tom Kuhlmann is as close as we get to a rock star in e-learning. He is the VP of Community at Articulate and author of widely popular "Rapid e-Learning Blog" with over 50,000 readers. While that may not be as many readers as Oprah has viewers, for e-learning, it's HUGE!
He's passionate about learning and technology and has over 15 years experience in the training industry where he's developed hundreds of hours of elearning and managed elearning projects at Capital One, Washington Mutual, and Weyerhaeuser. Tom has a Master's in Education Technology from Pepperdine, where he researched how to cultivate communities of practice through the development of personal expertise.
Tom's core focus is on helping people succeed and grow. He is known throughout the industry for his practical, no-nonsense approaches to e-learning, and tips for making PowerPoint do things its creators didn't envision.
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text:
Everything you need to understand or teach Journey into a Dark Heart by Peter Høeg.
"Journey into a Dark Heart" begins by introducing David Rehn, a young Dane (citizen of Denmark), who is attending the 1929 dedication of a new railway line. The railway runs from the western coast of Africa in Cabinda through the Belgian Congo and deep into the heart of the continent. The dedication includes many representatives of royalty and international business, and the grand display reinforces David's view that European civilization is indeed great. David has come to this event as a fluke, having acquired a position with a global trading company after he gave up his lifelong pursuit of mathematics. David had always relied on the stability of mathematics to get him through any emotional crisis until one year earlier, when he met Kurt Gödel, a mathematician whose ideas were bound to shake up the world of mathematics. With his passion for mathematics threatened by these new ideas, David abandoned... View more of the Journey into a Dark Heart Summary


Pope Benedict XVI calls astronauts
CBS News
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FL--Pope Benedict XVI called the combined crews of the shuttle Endeavour and the International Space Station Saturday, wishing commander Mark Kelly's gravely wounded wife, Gabrielle Giffords, a steady recovery and asking station flight engineer Paolo Nespoli how he endured news of his mother's death in the isolation of space.
Pope Benedict XVI speaks to the combined shuttle-station crews form the Vatican. (Credit: NASA TV)
Speaking from a desk at the Vatican, the pope focused on the role of science and technology in solving problems on Earth and inspiring young people.
The International Space Station crew, in blue shirts, and the Endeavour astronauts, in black shirts, chat with Pope Benedict. (Credit: NASA TV)
"From the space station, you have a very different view of the Earth, you fly over different continents and nations several times a day," he said, reading prepared remarks. "I think it must be obvious to you how we all live together on one Earth and how absurd it is that we fight and kill each (other).
"I know that Mark Kelly's wife was a victim of a serious attack and I hope her health continues to improve. When you're contemplating the Earth from up there, do you ever wonder about the way nations and people live together down here, about how science can contribute to the cause of peace?"
"Thank you for the kind words, your holiness, and thank you for mentioning my wife, Gabby," Kelly replied. "It's a very good question. We fly over most of the world and you don't see borders, but at the same time we realize that people fight with each other and there's a lot of violence in this world and it's really an unfortunate thing."
Kelly said people frequently fight over resources, pointing out that "the science and technology that we put into the space station to develop a solar power capability gives us pretty much an unlimited amount of energy. And if those technologies could be adapted more on Earth, we could possibly reduce some of that violence."
Pope Benedict asked the astronauts about their impression of the environment from the vantage point of space, wondering if "you see signs of phenomena to which we need to be more attentive?"
"It really is an extraordinary vantage point we have up here," station flight engineer Ronald Garan said. "On the one hand, we can see how indescribably beautiful the planet we have been given is. But on the other hand, we can really clearly see how fragile it is. The atmosphere when viewed from space is paper thin. And to think that this paper thin layer is all that separates every living thing from the vacuum of space is really a sobering thought."
The pope spoke in Italian to station flight engineer Paolo Nespoli, who's mother died in Italy May 2.
"Dear Paolo. I know that a few days ago your mom left you and in a few days you will come back home and you will not find her waiting for you," the pope said in translated remarks. "We're all close to you. Me too, I have prayed for her. How have you been living through this time of pain on the International Space Station? Do you feel isolated and alone? Or do you feel united amongst ourselves in a community that follows you with attention and affection?"
"Holy father, I felt your prayers and everyone's prayers arriving up here," Nespoli replied. "My colleagues on board the station were very close to me at this important time for me, a very intense moment, as well as my brothers and sisters, my uncles, my aunts, my relatives were close to my mom in her last moments. I'm very grateful for this. I felt very far, but also very close. And the thought of feeling all of you near me at this time has been a great relief. I also want to thank the Italian and American space agencies that had given me the opportunity so that I was able to speak with her in her last moments."


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What We Teach
How we teach Win-Win Focus in YE
At Youth Entrepreneurs, the principles that guide behavior are called Foundational Values. These YE values are central to our curriculum and significant in helping our students grow. Our Foundational Values are responsibility, knowledge, passion, sound judgment, be principled, freedom, opportunity and win-win focus. We're taking a look at each one, diving now into Win-Win Focus.
Win-Win Focus means creating value for yourself and for others. "Cooperation creates real value in society, both for yourself and others," says Lindsay Downing-Schroeder, the Southern Kansas and Oklahoma Area Director for YE. "It's a concept students begin learning from day one. They can see how this Foundational Value ties into an activity, game or their life on a daily basis."
Students begin to grasp Win-Win Focus when it connects to something they understand and transactions they make each day. "Many students purchase items from a vending machine. They understand how they created value with their dollar, and the item they purchased created value because it satisfied a need or a want they had," Lindsay explains. "Discussing Win-Win Focus on a level that relates to students helps them to see the bigger picture and how it is happening throughout society as well."
"Win-Win Focus is an important entrepreneurship concept to grasp because we get stuck focusing on what we know. It's harder to see the big picture when you're in the grind," Lindsay says. "So we encourage our students to take a step back and look at who their customer is. What do they value? How do I add value to their life and, in turn, create value for myself and my business?"
Students also explore Win-Win Focus through the Pit game. "Students get to move around and collect a certain number of cards and cash in with them. You'll see students join together to come up with certain number cards. They'll work together, cash those cards in and then pay each other. They're creating win-win for themselves and for other students."
Lindsay recalls a student who experienced the Win-Win Focus value during Market Day, an activity that combines a micro-loan program with a pop-up market. "He was an active student, but wasn't really bought in until Market Day," she remembers. The student prepared homemade tacos to sell. "He brought a grill and actually cooked the meat and warmed the tortillas in front of the customer. At the time, none of the students had done this. He was passionate about cooking and had grown up around cooking." The student still holds the record for the most Market Day profit at the school: more than $650.
"After experiencing that win-win for himself and the students at the school who were his customers, his excitement and participation doubled after that point in the semester." His sister took the class a few years later, and the student even came back to help her on Market Day.
In the Paper Airplanes activity, students try to make as much profit as they can by building and successfully flying paper airplanes the minimum distance. Students experience Win-Win Focus when they and their team work together to create a plan for the planes that will cross the finish line to create the greatest benefit.
As students learn Win-Win Focus, they grow in not only their entrepreneurial understanding, but also their maturity, Lindsay says. "Looking at the bigger picture in life and looking at things on a greater scale, students experience that mindset shift," she says. "As they apply these values, they understand that their options are limitless. What they can do with their lives is in the palm of their hands, and they can decide how far they want to go."


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Saltos de línea: lion
Pronunciación: /ˈlʌɪən
Definición de lion en inglés:
 - Panthera leo, family Felidae
Example sentences
king of the beasts;
Example sentences
1.2 (the Lion) The zodiacal sign or constellation Leo.
1.3A brave, strong, or fierce person.
Example sentences
conqueror, champion, conquering hero, warrior, knight, paladin
1.4 (usually literary lion) A notable or famous author.
Example sentences
Example sentences
3 (Lion) A member of a Lions Club.
Example sentences
 - The lions known in parts of Europe and around the Mediterranean in early times were not African but Asiatic lions, rare animals in the 21st century. The name lion came into English from French, and ultimately from Greek leōn. The Anglo-Saxons had used the Latin form Leo, which was overtaken by lion for the animal, but which is still the name of a constellation and sign of the zodiac.
 In ancient Rome lions and other wild beasts provided entertainment in the amphitheatres. Christians and other dissidents were left at their mercy in the arena, a practice behind our phrase to throw someone to the lions. After the terrible slaughter of British soldiers during the First World War, the phrase lions led by donkeys became popular as a way of encapsulating the idea that the men had been brave, but had been let down by their senior officers. It is not clear who first came up with the description, but the French troops defeated by the Prussians in 1871 were described as 'lions led by packasses'. From medieval times until the opening of London Zoo in the 19th century, the Tower of London contained a menagerie of unusual animals, among which were lions. Not surprisingly, they were a great attraction for visitors to the city, and the phrase to see the lions sprang up with the meaning 'to see the sights or attractions of a place'. From there a lion became a celebrity or noted person, a sense which gave us lionize, 'to treat as a celebrity', in the 1830s. See also beard
the lion's den
Más ejemplos en oraciones
the lion's share
British The largest part of something.
Example sentences
throw someone to the lions
Cause someone to be in an extremely dangerous or unpleasant situation.
Example sentences
Example sentences
 - Yellow dogs were also more lion-like in appearance.
Words that rhyme with lion
Brian, cyan, Gaian, Geminian, Hawaiian, ion, iron, Ixion, Lyon, Mayan, Narayan, O'Brien, Orion, Paraguayan, prion, Ryan, scion, Uruguayan, Zion
Definición de lion en:
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¿Qué te llama la atención de esta palabra o frase?
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Palabra del día reciprocity
Pronunciación: ˌrɛsɪˈprɒsɪti
exchanging things with others for mutual benefit…


text:
Sprintsin S. M., Fradkin A. M., Sprintsin M. S. Assessment of the Efficiency of the Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis Mill. Natural Regeneration in the Eastern Mediterranean on Example of Israel
How to cite: Sprintsin S. M.1, Fradkin A. M.1, Sprintsin M. S.2 Assessment of the efficiency of the Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis Mill. natural regeneration in the Eastern Mediterranean on example of Israel // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2017. N. 2: 3–12 (in Russian with English abstract)
© Sprintsin S. M., A. Fradkin A. M., Sprintsin M. S., 2017
This paper deals with the management of Mediterranean Planted Conifer Forests (MPCF), dominated by the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and the potential for using natural regeneration as a basis for transformation of simply structured even-aged and mono crops plantations into mixed forest. We studied the variation along a rainfall gradient, in the natural regeneration of tree species. The study was conducted in four forests located within the Mediterranean zone of Israel, which extends from the semiarid northern Negev desert (rainfall ca. 300 mm per year) in the south to the humid central region close the coast line (ca 550 mm per year). Standing trees measurements including mean tree height, diameter at breast height, crown width, canopy cover, stand density of the mature strata and the number of saplings and their species composition along with the landscape characteristics (slope, aspect, percentage of rock cover and forest floor light regime) have been performed at randomly established 200 m2 area circular plots. Although a water supply is the main limiting resource for forest growth and productivity, so far no significant relationship between the quantity of regeneration and precipitation could be found. Strong linear correlation between the number of the mature trees and pine's regeneration have been revealed and the detailed management plan of how to support a natural regeneration using a principal of Continues Cover Forestry was suggested for MPCF, including a recommendation for intensity and time of thinning.


Paless - Meaning of Paless
What does Paless mean?
[ syll. pa-les(s), pal-e-ss ] The baby girl name Paless is pronounced as PAELAHS- †. The origin of Paless is the Latin language. Paless is a derivative of the name Pales.
See also the related category latin.
Baby names that sound like Paless include Palace, Palesse, Pallas (English and Greek), Pallus, Pabla (Spanish), Palah, Palesah, Palla, Pallass, Pallis, Paula (English, French, German, Polish, and Spanish), Paulla, Pawla, Pelcha, Pelcia (Polish), Pelga, Pelgia, Pella, Pilis (Hawaiian), and Pilla.
Meaning of Paless Meaning of Pales Meaning of Palesse Meaning of Palles Meaning of Pallus Meaning of Palus
Baby Name Explorer for Paless
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text:
Exsoll Electric is the Electricity sub division of Exsoll Energy with the focus to move electricity from where it is built to where it's the most needed.To ensure a long-term, reliable supply of competitively priced electricity, Exsoll Electric and its engineers develop, support and monitor all framework for bringing new generation on-line, competitive electricity markets, and efficient delivery systems.
With the confidence in our capacity, we are certain that our competitive electricity market will result in over thousands megawatts of new installed electricity generating capacity in areas where electricity is most needed.
While we continue to meet the growing demands, we translate this growth in perspective by producing capacity that could generate enough electricity to power over thousands of households and plants in Africa.
Thermal sources, coal-fired plants, and natural gas account for most of power sources, including efficient cogeneration at industrial operations that produce energy as a by-product of their normal activities. The remainder is hydro, wind and biomass:energy produced from organic sources such as wood waste, garbage or animal matter; still main remain insufficient as source of energy due to the skyrocketing growth of Africa's economy
Hence, we see the need to deliver electricity throughout to meet the growth in economy. Exsoll Electric is committed to develop the long-term plan that delivers adequate electricity need in a safe, reliable and economic operation.
Our aim: help household and plants save money on energy.


text:
There are $12$ edges on a cube so there are $12$ winning lines along edges.
There are $6$ faces on a cube, and $4$ winning lines that pass through the middle of each face, so there are $24$ winning lines through the middle of faces.
Finally we need to consider the winning lines that go through the centre cube:
vertex to opposite vertex: $4$
middle of edge to middle of opposite edge: $6$
middle of face to middle of opposite face: $3$
In total, there are $12 + 24 + 4 + 6 + 3 = 49$ winning lines.
From a vertex there are $7$ other vertices that you can join to in order to make a winning line. $7 \times 8 = 56$ lines, but this counts each line from both ends, so there are $28$'vertex' winning lines.
From the middle of an edge there are $3$ other middles-of-edges that you can join to in order to make a winning line. $3 \times 12 = 36$ lines, but this counts each line from both ends so there are $18$'middle of edge' winning lines.
From the centre of each face there is one winning line, joining to the opposite face, so there are $3$ 'centre of face' winning lines.
So in total, there are $28 + 18 + 3 = 49$ winning lines.
On a plane there are $8$ winning lines.
In the cube, there are $3$ horizontal planes, so $8 \times 3 = 24$ winning lines.
There are also $3$ vertical planes going from left to right, but now with only $5$ new winning lines per plane, as the $3$ horizontal lines have already been counted. So $5 \times 3 = 15$ winning lines.
On the $3$ vertical planes going from front to back, we now only have $2$ new (diagonal) winning lines per plane. So $2 \times 3 = 6$ winning lines.
Finally, there are also diagonal planes to consider. There are $4$ winning lines going from corner to diagonally opposite corner.
In total, there are $24 + 15 + 6 + 4 = 49$ winning lines.


text: From Sia to Elton John, from Billie Holiday to David Bowie, LGBT musicians have changed the course of modern music. But before their music–and the messages behind it–gained understanding and a place in the mainstream, how did the queer musicians of yesteryear fight to build foundations for those who would follow them? David Bowie Made Me Gay is the first book to cover the breadth of history of recorded music by and for the LGBT community.Darryl W. Bullock reveals the stories of both famous and lesser-known LGBT musicians, whose perseverance against the threat of persecution during decades of political and historical turmoil–including two world wars, Stonewall, and the AIDS crisis–has led to some of the most significant and soul-searching music of the last century. Bullock chronicles these struggles through new interviews and archival reports, dating from the birth of jazz in the red-light district of New Orleans, through the rock 'n' roll years, Swinging Sixties, and disco days of the '70s, right up to modern pop, electronica, and reggae. An entertaining treasure-trove of untold history for all music lovers, David Bowie Made Me Gay is an inspiring, nostalgic, and provocative story of right to be heard and the need to keep the fight for equality in the spotlight.


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by Unknown
 Table of Contents
Beowulf Theme of The Supernatural
The supernatural is definitely present in Beowulf, but it's oddly complicated. First, we have the two demons, Grendel and his mother, and the other assorted monsters of the epic – the dragon that Beowulf must fight, the serpentine creatures in the lake, and the sea monsters that Beowulf fought in the past. These are the stock monsters out of an epic fantasy tale. But Beowulf is also deeply conflicted about religion. The poet who composed the poem has a strongly Christian worldview, but also knows that the people he's telling a story about, who are from his distant past, would probably have been pagans. As a result, Beowulf fuses the supernatural together with a religious depiction of evil in a strange and interesting way – the monsters are the Biblical Cain's children.
Questions About The Supernatural
 1. Why are all the major antagonists in Beowulf depicted as supernatural creatures, demons, and monsters? How is the epic different with supernatural antagonists than it would be if the antagonists were human?
 2. How does your interpretation of Beowulf change if you interpret Grendel and his mother as human outcasts or members of a rival tribe, rather than as demonic monsters?
 3. The supernatural elements in Beowulf include demons, a dragon, and sea monsters. Is there a conflict between these fantasy elements and the theme of religion in the epic? To put it another way, can divine intervention and dragons co-exist easily in the same story?
 4. Does Beowulf himself seem to have any supernatural powers? (Hint: consider his exploits in the water, both in the swimming contest and in the lake where Grendel's mother lives.)
Chew on This
Instead of a conflict between straightforward good and evil, Beowulf depicts a conflict between demonic fantasy creatures and the power of fate wielded by a Christian God.
Because Beowulf himself seems to be stronger and have more stamina than a normal mortal man, he needs fantastic monsters as his opponents.
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What small towns are worth visiting in the Baltic states?
What small towns are worth visiting in the Baltic states?
Baltic Small Towns
From Vilna Gaon's Kėdainiai to elegant Cesis, here are 21 of the loveliest small towns in the Baltics. Discover more towns on our Baltic Trilogy Tour
In this article, I am going to discuss a few reasons why it is worth visiting these small towns.
To begin with, Palanga is about sandy beaches and dunes, sea bridge, fresh iodine filled air, botanical garden and an amber museum in it. In addition to that, it's about numerous cafes and restaurants with tasty food, such as beet soup with sour cream. Therefore, Palanga is a good place to explore Baltic cuisine.
Anykščiai is a town famous in Lithuania for its boulder. According to the scientists, the "stone" was brought here by glaciers between 14000 to 20000 years ago. It is the main landmark in the town. Above all, the sculptor Bronius Pundzius engraved in the stone faces and the last will of Lithuanian pilots who crossed the Atlantic ocean on their plane "Lituanica".
Certainly, Druskininkai is a well-known spa town in the very southern tip of Lithuania. The name of the town implies this, as druska means "salt". It was first mentioned at the end of the 16th century, popular in the Soviet Union. Pine forests are, literally, in the town. The river is there. It was a popular Sanatoria spot during Soviet times and transformed into a spa town in modern times. A good idea is a day tour to Grodno, which is right on the other side of the border
Panoramic view of Neman river in winter in Druskininkai
Panoramic view Druskininkai
Birštonas is a true balneological resort located within the boundaries of a Nemunas Loop Regional Park. It is known for its mineral waters. It was mentioned already in the 14th century as a place of "salty waters". River Nemunas makes a loop around the town so there is a feeling of being around the water. Most importantly, Birstonas is not far from the capital of Lithuania Vilnius and at the same time from Kaunas.
To begin with, Raudondvaris lies on the Nevėžis River, just 10 kilometers from Kaunas Raudondvaris boasts a beautiful basilica of St. Theresa, museum, parks, and iconic tombstones from the powerful Tyszkiewicz family.
To continue with, Raudondvaris is also home to an elegant Manor Castle and accompanying gardens, stables, and orangery. The powerful Radziwiłł family built it in the year 1615, the palace was once known for its fine arts collection, which included paintings by Da Vinci, Caravaggio, Rubens, and others.
Kėdainiai is a charming town that maintains much of its old atmosphere from the 17th century. Its rich Jewish heritage is still evident in remnants of synagogues and a Jewish cemetery. Kėdainiai is relatively close to a Kaunas airport. For some reason, it's often overlooked by tourists–but not by Jerulita Travel. On our tour through Lithuania, we introduce you to the town's beautiful market square and the wooden St. Juozapo Church.
A favorite spot for many beachgoers and summer vacationers, Nida is one of the most idyllic towns along the Curonian Spit. With its thick forests, an impressive stretch of sand dunes, and a stunning lagoon, Nida makes for a perfect summer getaway.
Moreover, Nida as the whole Neringa is Unesco world heritage place. Neringa is a unique region within Lithuania. A good idea for a day tour from Nida is to cross the border and visit a Russian part of a Curonian Spit.
Daugavpils is the second largest city in Latvia after Ryga. Historically, on a railway crossroad between Warsaw and St. Petersburg, as well as Ryga and Minsk.
There is a Daugavpils fortress. The Russian Tsar Alexander I decided to build it in 1810, anticipating Napoleon's invasion. Last but not least, the city boasts multicultural history, as the city had a significant population of Jews, Belarussians, Russians, and Poles.
West of Riga is Sabile, a small town that boasts to be the northernmost outdoor vineyard in the world. This is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. Due to the southward facing slopes, vineyards became a reality here. Sabile's wine traditions started yet in the 16th century. If you're lucky enough to visit in July, be sure to stop by the annual Wine Festival.
It is also the place where you'll find the Open-Air Museum at Pedale Manor, created by famed Latvian sculptor Ojars Feldbergs.
Sigulda lies on the southern part of the Gauja National Park. Firstly, Turaida Castle is a must visit place, which is on the other side of the Gauja river from the town's center. Livonians built the castle yet in the 13th century. From the Turaida Castle, there is a perfect view on the river and the Gauja National Park.
Funicular in Sigulda, Latvia
Funicular in Sigulda, Latvia
The westernmost Latvian city on the Baltic sea boasts sandy beaches. It is the 3rd largest city in the country and provides a truly Baltic experience. There are many churches museums and other monuments, Art Nouveau buildings. Because there were many industrial sites during Soviet times, there is loads of Soviet architecture as well. Nowadays, known for its coffee and beer brewery.
Liepaja sea shore
Liepaja sea shore
One of the easternmost towns not only in Latvia but the European Union in general, a heart of a historical Latgale region with its own language dialect. It is an important stop on a railway between Ryga and Moscow. You could still find many wooden houses in the town, such as a Green Synagogue and St.Nicholas Old-Believers Church. Latgales Mara is one of the most known statues in the whole Latvia.
In addition, Raznas National park with its stunning nature and lakes is close to the town.
Full of fascinating historical sites, castle and natural wonders, Cesis is a must-see for any visitor to Latvia. You could easily spend a whole day touring the regions outdoors. In the town, medieval remnants abound, from the 13th-century St. John's Church to the ruins of Cesis Castle, once held by the Livonian Order and now home to the Cesis History Museum. Above all, Cesis is located in the very middle of the Gauja National Park.
Ludza is Latvia's oldest known town, mentioned as far back as the 10th century. The once-great Ludza Castle was the far eastern outpost of the Livonian Border and served as a crossroads and trading post. After the dissolution of a Livonian Order, it became part of a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most importantly, Ludza History Museum and its open-air exposition invite to learn the history of the region.
The small town of Alatskivi is something out a fairytale, with the fine Gothic Alatskivi Castle. You'll also find the romantic Alatskivi Lake in the town, which makes a cozy natural setting. What is more, Lake Peipus, the fifth largest in all of Europe is within a walking or cycling distance from the town.
The small town of Keila is easily overlooked by visitors, but the ancient village has been in the northwestern corner of Latvia ever since the 10th century. Nature lovers might find wonders in the million-year-old limestone, the Keila River, and the marvelous waterfalls that simply shouldn't be missed.
Waterfalls in Keila
Waterfalls in Keila
Quiet and peaceful Saaremaa Island is one of the most beloved regions in all of Estonia. Here, the city of Kuressaare, which is a "capital city" of the island is home to Kuressaare Castle, erected in 1380 and now home to one of the largest and most popular museums in the country.
Folk has spoken of the healing seawaters of Haapsalu for hundreds of years. This quiet town avoids the bustle of many resort towns yet retains its charming, pleasant atmosphere. The area is also home to a picturesque castle and old town, which makes for a very photogenic weekend getaway. Most importantly, the town is famous since the times of the Russian Empire due to its muds. Mud spas are still operating..
National symphony orchestra on Haapsalu Tchaikovsky Festival
Haapsalu Tchaikovsky Festival 2019
To continue with, a small but ancient town in Estonia. The castle dates back to the 13th century.Viljandi is on the shore of the picturesque Lake Viljandi. A popular attraction is exploring the lake on the boat or kayaking. In addition, Viljandi Folk Music Festival takes place each July. Last but not least, Hanseatic days remind once powerful commercial, trade, and defensive union of the northern European towns. Symbolically, visitors can buy and sell traditional goods during Hanseatic days.
Narva is a town in eastern


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Some ill-written program has exported an Excel file with the wrong Hebrew encoding, with cryptic strings like:
ãåç ì÷åçåú äåãòåú åéîé äåìãú
Using an encoding-solver site, I found out that the original text was:
דוח לקוחות הודעות וימי הולדת
Which, by the way, means "Client report-notifications and birthdays", in Hebrew.
Is there a way to change the encoding for the entire document from within Excel?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
This is not a complete solution but it looks to be a step towards the solution.
The two strings are both 28 characters long which suggests a one-to-one encoding.
Displaying the two string in hexadecimal gives:
The second line is mainly the Unicode values for Hebrew letters as expected.
The conversion to get the first row appears to be:
 20 (space) unchanged
 5Dx Ex
 5Ex Fx
This is not a complete conversion chart because the Unicode values for the Hebrew letters extend from hexadecimal 591 to 5F4.
The following crude routine accepts the first string and returns the second.
Function Decode(CompactStg As String) As String
 Dim CompactChar As Integer
 Dim DecodedChar As Integer
 Dim DecodedStg As String
 Dim Pos As Integer
 DecodedStg = ""
 For Pos = 1 To Len(CompactStg)
 CompactChar = Asc(Mid(CompactStg, Pos, 1))
 Select Case CompactChar
 Case 32 To 127 'Hex 20 - 7F
 'No change
 DecodedChar = CompactChar
 Case 224 To 239 'Hex E0 - EF
 'Convert EX to 5DX
 DecodedChar = CompactChar + 1264
 Case 240 To 255 'Hex F0 - FF
 'Convert FX to 5EX
 DecodedChar = CompactChar + 1264
 End Select
 DecodedStg = DecodedStg & ChrW(DecodedChar)
 Decode = DecodedStg
End Function
I used the following routine to output the strings to the immediate window. With a few more examples you will be able to determine all the conversions. Hebrew letters hexadecimal 591 to 5C7 may also be converted by adding decimal 1264 but this cannot be the conversion for Hebrew letters 5F0 to 5F4.
Sub HexOut(Stg)
 Dim Pos
 For Pos = 1 To Len(Stg)
 Debug.Print "(" & Hex(AscW(Mid(Stg, Pos, 1))) & ")";
End Sub
Have fun!
share|improve this answer
Thanks a lot for the great effort! I'm actually looking for a solution without programming, like some internal Excel feature, because the user of the software is quite far from being a computer expert. – Adam Matan Dec 2 '11 at 16:20
My background means I almost always look for a programming solution to any problem. This can be a mistake because Excel does have some amazing non-programming functionality. Once I had noticed that the strings were the same length, the investigation was quite easy. Perhaps this information will help someone offer another approach. It may help if you identify the scale of the problem. Are we talking about a relatively small number of column headings or text values on every one of 30,000 rows? Either way I do not see this as difficult programming problem. Perhaps a expert friend would help. – Tony Dallimore Dec 2 '11 at 17:49
_USER_. I am curious. Did anything come of this? – Tony Dallimore Jan 5 '12 at 0:35
Unfortunately, no. I had to fix a workaround by exporting the data as text, and manually importing to Excel. – Adam Matan Jan 6 '12 at 14:34
 1. Save the file to.csv comma-delimited format.
 2. Open it in OpenOffice, it'll let you change the encoding to the proper one.
 3. While in OpenOffice, save the file back to.xls format.
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boost::xpressive::set — Used to create character sets.
There are two ways to create character sets with the'set' identifier. The easiest is to create a comma-separated list of the characters in the set, as in (set= 'a','b','c'). This set will match 'a', 'b', or 'c'. The other way is to define the set as an argument to the set subscript operator. For instance, set[ 'a' | range('b','c') | digit ] will match an 'a', 'b', 'c' or a digit character.
To complement a set, apply the '~' operator. For instance, ~(set= 'a','b','c') will match any character that is not an 'a', 'b', or 'c'.
Sets can be composed of other, possibly complemented, sets. For instance, set[ ~digit | ~(set= 'a','b','c') ].


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For years, movies like Minority Report and Iron Man have teased us with visions of futuristic computer interfaces that allow their users manipulate data and images using only their fingertips, and don't require any hardware other than a two-dimensional screen or a holographic display.
Unfortunately, while there has been a tremendous amount of advancement in technologies that can sense motion and translate it into meaningful input, there is a basic problem that has continued to plague the development of new user interfaces: how to enter text without a physical keyboard. ASETNIOP is a keyboard replacement method that solves this problem: it makes touch-typing possible without needing any kind of visual interface, and without needing any kind of tactile feedback other than the feeling of your fingertips touching a solid surface.
The concept behind ASETNIOP is fairly simple; the keyboard consists of just ten keys – one for each finger. The primary keys (ASETNIOP) are produced with a single press-and-release, and all other letters of the alphabet, as well as common punctuation characters, are produced by pressing a chord – two fingers at the same time. The method also includes more advanced features like the use of stenographic combinations as shortcuts to produce common words, automatic correction of common input errors, and the ability to activate sophisticated word prediction features.
Currently ASETNIOP is available to try for both tablets and with traditional keyboards at asetniop.com, and is intended to be available the LEAP when it ships in 2013. _URL_.


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ACHTUNG: Für alle die des Englischen nicht so mächtig sind habe ich es hier noch einmal auf Deutsch hochgeladen: _URL_
The first thing you should do is to import your HUD and your bars in your maker with the resource manager if you didn't save it already in your pictures folder:
First of all we need to make a common event with the following settings: We'll call this common event later.
Now we will set the Predefinitions for our system: the first thing we'll set are the maximum deficits:
Why -160? You remember that our bars are 160 pixels long. If our bars are full the picture is set to position X:0 and Y: 0 If the bars are empty then they must be 160 pixel more left. The left part of our coordinate system is minus. Because of that -160.
Repeat that for thirst and sleep:
Because we want to behave the three bars differently we need to set three more variables for the steps (for hunger, thirst and sleep).
Now we can put in our grafics. Important is that the higher the picture number the higher is the layer of the picture. Because of that we need to put the HUD of the upper most layer (in this case 4):
With the position X:0 and Y:0 the pictures will be in the upper left corner. Repeat that for the other three pictures. Remember to give each of them a new number. The HUD picture must have the highest number.
The first common event is now finished. And we can move on with the second with the following settings:
Now we have to setup how our bars will behave. With each step the hunger, thirst and sleep needs will increase. Because of that we set the variable difference hunger on the value of the steps:
Of that variable we must subtract the steps the player has made:
Because each bar should behave different we'll devide the variable through a different figure for hunger, thirst and sleep. (in this case 4)
Our system needs to have the variable fixed in another variable because of that we'll create the variable Hunger2. Otherwise our system won't work properly.
In this step we will subtract the variable Difference hunger of the variable Hunger:
Now it should look like so:
Repeat that for thirst and sleep.
Remember to divide the through different numbers.
Now our pictures should be able to move so we can setup this:
We name a variable Y for the Y value. Because it will be 0 there is now need to give that variable a value. You can only name it and put it in for the Y value. Repeat that for thirst and sleep as well:
Now we need to ensure that the varables won't exeed their limit (upper and under):
Now click the free line inside the conditonal branch an insert the following:
Repieat that for thirst and sleep.
Now we make this conditional branch again for the lower part:
Repeat that again for thirst and sleep.
This should look like so.
Now we are nearly finished with the second common event. We only need to tell the maker what should happen when the bar is empty (in our case -160 our deficite max.)
If you like you can insert a message, this message should be above the Game Over command.
Repeat that for thirst and sleep:
And that's it for this common event. Now we have only left to activate the switch no. 1 and to call our predefinition common event.
Make on the map where you like to start the hunger thirst and sleep system a new event: on the first page:
Set this page on autorun.
Now our Hud will function.
But we still need items to refill our storage. This we will make in the third and last part of that tutorial.


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Mar. 6, 2013 Boys are right-handed, girls are left... Well at least this is true for sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) and grey short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica), according to an article in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Evolutionary Biology that shows that handedness in marsupials is dependent on gender. This preference of one hand over another has developed despite the absence of a corpus collosum, the part of the brain which in placental mammals allows one half of the brain to communicate with the other.
Many animals show a distinct preference for using one hand/paw/hoof over another. This is often related to posture – an animal is more likely to show manual laterality if it is upright, related to the difficulty of the task, more complex tasks show a handed preference, or even with age. As an example of all three: crawling human babies show less hand preference than toddlers.
Some species also show a distinct sex effect in handedness but among non-marsupial mammals this tendency is for left-handed males and right-handed females. In contrast researchers from St Petersburg State University show that male quadruped marsupials, such as who walk on all fours, tend to be right-handed while the females are left-handed, especially as tasks became more difficult.
Dr Yegor Malashichev from Saint Petersburg State University who led this study explained why they think this has evolved, "Marsupials do not have a corpus callosum – which connects the two halves of the mammalian brain together. Reversed sex related handedness is an indication of how the marsupial brain has developed different ways of the two halves of the brain communicating in the absence of the corpus callosum."
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- Andrey Giljov, Karina Karenina, Yegor Malashichev. Forelimb preferences in quadrupedal marsupials and there implications for laterality evolution in mammals. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2013; 13 (1): 61 DOI: 10.1186/_PHONE_-61
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


photo.
Using simple proportions between times and positions you can calculate the value of the burn needed to get a fly-by trajectory - one that brings the relative speed of the target in the XY plane to zero. Since it doesn't move "sideways" and you move towards it, you will get there eventually.
You still don't know when the fly-by will happen, and at what speed, but all you need is to wait - or keep repeating the process to reduce the fly-by distance further.
Of course if the initial visual contact is way "off", you'll lack delta-V to perform the correction. Still, in case of New Horizons, about 100,000 km of initial error should be enough to get a very close fly-by, and anything above that will just add to the fly-by distance.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ In practice though, the time of the flyby was known to a second or two (necessary for camera pointing) implying that the distance to 2014MU69 was known to 20 km or so. Does anyone know how this was determined? $\endgroup$ Jan 2 '19 at 17:07
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Each of the four presidents who served during Minnesota's territorial period, March 1849 to May 1858, implemented a system of appointments known as "rotation in office." Under rotation, a newly-elected president replaced incumbents, placed there by his predecessor, with his own appointees, who were members of his political party. The result was a high turnover among federal officeholders.
This article examines the political and personal influences on Presidents Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce and Buchanan as they made appointments to and removals from Minnesota's territorial supreme court. It shows how aspirants lobbied each new administration for judicial assignments. The scheming of Henry Rice, the territorial delegate to Congress, to persuade the Buchanan administration to appoint his slate of judges is revealed; and the importance of recommendations by U. S. Supreme Justices Robert Grier and Samuel Nelson to the President's decision to appoint Rensselaer R. Nelson to the territorial court is explored. One of the themes of this article is that political leaders in the territory gained more influence over the selection process as statehood neared.
Article 6, §3, of the constitution Minnesota voters adopted in October 1857, required judges to be elected by the people. This requirement was the consequence of many forces, not the least of which was a reaction by the voters against the practice of rotation in office.
WARNING TO VIEWERS: Because of the length of this article, it may take several minutes for it to appear on your screen.


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The Investigation Of Reflective Inquiry Based Activities' Effects On Preservice Teachers' Laboratory Self-Efficiancy Perceptions
Today's science education reforms emphasis on constructivism and inquiry in the education systems. This research investigates the effects of Reflective Inquiry Based activities on preservice teachers' laboratory self-efficiancy perceptions. The study was conducted at a public university's education faculty which is located in Istanbul, with Science Education Program's second grade students in the 2010-2011 Academic Year Spring Semester. The working group was 66 preservice science teachers; 36 of them were control, 30 of them were experimental group. The applications were made by researcher in General Biology Laboratory Course II along 8 weeks, 2 hours each week with traditional approach to control group and with reflective inquiry approach to experimental group. The problem statement of the study was "Is there any statistical difference between control and experimental groups' laboratory self-efficiancy perceptions according to be taught by reflective inquiry based or traditional approaches?" Datas were collected by "Laboratory Self-Efficiancy Perception Scale" and "Reflection Skills Questions". At the end of the study, statistically increase was found in laboratory self efficiancy perceptions and reflection skills in favor of experimental group. It was seen that reflective skills questions were also supported laboratory self-efficiancy perceptions scale findings.
KeywordsReflective Inquiry, 5E Model, Science Teacher Training, General Biology Laboratory.


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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded a $900,000 grant to support one of the first basic-science studies exploring the observation that, in some people, fever eases the symptoms of autism.
The study follow up on the growing number of reports from parents who describe how the onset of fever – for instance during a cold – improves sociability and communication in children who have autism.
"Like many research topics, the phenomenon isn't totally unknown, but exact mechanisms linking body temperature and autism haven't yet been organized as a principle and unpacked to see how it could work," says senior investigator Jeffrey Alberts. Dr. Alberts heads a developmental psychobiology laboratory at Indiana University. His research associate Christopher Harshaw will lead the study.
Their team will examine two types of mice: those with genetic mutations that lead to autism-like social dysfunction and those whose ability to generate heat and regulate body temperature has been impaired. This will enable them to look at the basic biology linking temperature regulation to social behavior.
In the mice with autism-like symptoms, the IU scientists will examine the ability to maintain proper body temperature. In the mice with poor heat regulation, they will study social development from infancy to adulthood.
"We're predicting these two types of mice are going to intersect; that the inability to produce heat is going to affect individuals' social behavior, as well as affect their interactions with their mother and alter the dynamics of the group," Dr. Alberts says. "By the same token, in those with impaired social behavior, we expect to find problems maintaining body temperature."
The investigators will also compare the behavior and biology of both types of mice to a control group of mice with normal social and heat-regulating abilities.
Based on the reports from parents about fever and autism, the IU scientists predict that their research findings will produce important information to guide future studies enrolling people who have autism.
For more on this topic, also see:


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The National AIDS Trust (NAT) is calling on the NHS to allow people with HIV to start treatment early in order to protect their sexual partners after two leading HIV clinical bodies – the British HIV Association (BHIVA) and the Expert Advisory Group on AIDS (EAGA) – authoritatively set out the scientific basis for HIV treatment as prevention.
In a statement on Tuesday, BHIVA and EAGA stated how treatment as prevention reduces HIV transmissions. By using HIV drugs to reduce the levels of the virus in their system people with HIV can become virtually non-infectious.
Deborah Jack, chief executive of NAT said: "A number of people with HIV want to start treatment early to lessen the chances of passing the virus on, meaning less worry for them but also fewer HIV transmissions, saving the NHS many hundreds of thousands of pounds.
"NAT approached BHIVA and EAGA to investigate the scientific basis for treatment as prevention. It's great to see this work come to fruition and to see these respected medical bodies endorse treatment as a way to tackle the rising numbers of people living with HIV in the UK.
Ms Jack added: "We now call on the NHS Commissioning Board to accept these respected agencies' recommendations and provide HIV treatment early to all those who wish to start it. This will provide important reassurance for many people living with HIV. It also highlights the need for society's understanding of HIV to change and keep up with medical developments."
Ms Jack concluded: "As a matter of urgency we need to reduce undiagnosed HIV and maximise the proportion of people with HIV who are tested, and accessing good quality treatment and care. At a time of such massive change within the NHS it is imperative that the newly created Public Health England ensures we don't lose ground on HIV testing but rather make further and significant progress in getting everyone with HIV diagnosed and into treatment and care."


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Blacks in metropolitan Hartford are slightly more segregated by neighborhood than Latinos, the census study found. But because blacks tend to be more segregated in U.S. cities and suburbs, metro Hartford's segregation ranking for blacks was significantly better - 24th of 43 - in 2000.
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The Hartford metropolitan area - a 58-town, 1.2 million person region - was the fourth most segregated among 36 metros for Latinos in 2000, trailing only Providence, New York and Newark, according to the census study. The study tracked the distribution of people across the nation's largest cities and suburbs between 1980 and 2000.
During that period, Hispanics grew more segregated in most U.S. metro areas the Census Bureau studied, probably because of rapid foreign immigration in those regions.
But Greater Hartford bucked that trend. Between 1980 and 2000, only three of the metro areas studied by the Census Bureau - San Antonio, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla., and Miami - experienced higher rates of Latino integration than Greater Hartford. In contrast, most Northeast metropolitan areas, including Providence, New York and Boston, saw significant increases in Latino segregation.
Fernando Betancourt, director of the legislature's Latino and Puerto Rican Affairs Commission, said economic advancement has given some Latinos access to new neighborhoods.
"Still, I am very aware of the incredible concentration of Latinos in urban areas, and how poverty correlates with that fact," he said.
And some experts argued that metro Hartford's relatively high Latino segregation standing is the more significant measure to consider than a modest trend toward integration.
"I just don't think this is one of the places that Latinos did very well," said John Logan, a sociologist at the State University of New York at Albany who studies segregation. "My reading of Hartford is that as the Hispanic population grew substantially in the last 20 years, it remained very highly segregated, unusually segregated."
In a state where public schools are organized along neighborhood lines and town boundaries, neighborhood residential segregation isn't just a moral issue. It's a legal and financial one - especially with Connecticut facing a budget crisis and the prospect that it may need to spend even more on school desegregation because of the Sheff vs. O'Neill case.
The state Department of Education says Connecticut has authorized more than $1 billion to facilitate school desegregation since the 1997 verdict favoring the plaintiffs in the 13-year-old Sheff case, which charged that segregation was preventing minority students from receiving an equal education. The Sheff plaintiffs say those remedies are not sufficient.
Neither side would comment on their discussions, nor on how much money could be at stake. But one lawyer for the plaintiffs said that while the progress in neighborhood segregation was good news, the pace of change was too slow to mean much for school integration.
"That's like waiting for the glaciers to melt to put out a fire," said Dennis Parker, of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. "You need to do something more quickly."
While a few suburbs near Hartford have many more black and Latino residents than a decade ago, Parker said many of Hartford's outlying suburbs are not becoming significantly more diverse.
"In fact, having schools that are not racially and ethnically isolated may speed the process of housing change, because the composition of the schools has an effect on where people choose to live," Parker said.
The 2000 Census counted about 114,000 Hispanics and 106,000 blacks in the Hartford metro area.
Many Latinos are highly concentrated in relatively few neighborhoods, almost all of them in either Hartford or New Britain; while blacks are most highly concentrated in Hartford, Bloomfield and Windsor.
Blacks and Latinos are about equally likely to live in neighborhoods where their own ethnic group constitutes more than half the population. About 30 percent of Latinos live in mostly Latino areas; about 33 percent of blacks live in mostly black neighborhoods.


Only the Workflow Manager or a person with relevant permissions can delete a workflow.
If you want to stop a workflow, but still want to keep a record of what has happened, use Abort instead.
To delete a workflow
 1. Find the workflow you wish to delete.
 2. Right-click the workflow and choose Delete
 3. Click OK to confirm deleting.
The Workflow system will alert you if the workflow you are deleting is linked with files.
See also Group role permissions.


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The fourth day after new moon and fourth day after full moon in the Hindu calendar is observed as Chaturthi and is dedicated to Lord Ganesha. Most people must be aware of only the Ganesh Chaturti festival that takes place in the month of Bhadrapada (August-September). But there are two Chaturthis in a month – Sankashti and Vinayaki – and staunch Ganesha devotees observe a fast on the Chaturthi after full moon.
The monthly Chaturti day which falls after full moon in which a fast (fasting) is observed is known as Sankashti Chaturthi. The fast ends on the day after moonrise. Special Ganesh pujas are done in the evening.
The monthly Chaturthi after Amavasi or new moon is known as Vinayaki Chaturthi.
When Sankashti Chaturthi falls on Tuesday, it is known as Angaraki Chatutrhi and it is considered highly auspicious.
The benefits of Chaturthi fasting include material progress, happiness and fulfillment of desires. The importance of Chaturthi vrat was explained by Lord Krishna to Yudhishtira, the eldest of the Pandavas. It is also mentioned in the Narasimha Purana and Bhavishaya Purana.


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Native to high altitudes in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain states, the root of the osha plant is a traditional Native American remedy for respiratory infections and digestive problems. A related plant, Ligusticum wallichii, has a long history of use in Chinese medicine, and most of the scientific studies on osha were actually performed on this species.
What Is Osha Used for Today?
Osha is frequently recommended for use at the first sign of a respiratory infection. Like a sauna, it will typically induce sweating, and according to folk wisdom this may help avert the development of a full-blown cold. Osha is also taken during respiratory infections as a cough suppressant and expectorant, hence the common name "Colorado cough root." However, there have not been any double-blind placebo-controlled studies to verify these proposed uses. (For information on why double-blind studies are so important, see Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies? ),
Like other bitter herbs, osha is said to improve symptoms of indigestion and increase appetite.
Osha products vary in their concentration and should be taken according to directions on the label.
Osha is believed to be safe, although the scientific record is far from complete. Traditionally, it is not recommended for use in pregnancy. Safety in young children, nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease has also not been established.
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 -


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Calendar, Solar System
Shows the position, magnitude, apparent diameter, illuminated fraction, rise, culmination and set time. Also the current position in altitude and azimuth is shown for the planets (Pluto included), the Moon and the Sun, for each selected date.
The graphs tab shows the evolution in the given period of time of the rise, culmination and set times, magnitude, diameter and illumination of the planets.
en/documentation/calendar_planet.txt · Last modified: 2015/11/06 20:43 (external edit)


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Date: Summer 2012
Why do engineers often use superheated steam to transfer heat?
There are several reasons:
1. It has high heat content (and heat content is tunable with pressure)
2. It is made of water, which is cheap and readily available (and other than being hot, is pretty safe stuff)
3. It is easy (and cheap) to pump (gas) compared with other heat transfer fluids
4. It readily transfers heat owing to it being a vapor (conduction and convection)
Hope this helps,
Engineers use superheated steam to transfer heat because it is the most efficient means to do so.
Some nuclear reactor designs use liquid sodium to transfer heat, but that is a much more hazardous (corrosive) and expensive process.
We can go down the list of other heat transfer mediums, but steam always comes out to be the most efficient.
Click here to return to the Engineering Archives
Update: November 2011


text:
6th International Conference on Higher Education Advances
Submission deadline: January 24, 2020
Author notification: March 25, 2020
Camera ready due: April 13, 2020
Conference dates: June 2-5, 2020
The Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'20) is an excellent forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas, experiences, opinions and research results relating to the preparation of students, teaching/learning methodologies and the organization of educational systems.
The HEAd'20 conference will be held on June 2-5, 2020 at the Faculty of Business Administration and Management of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), which has been recently ranked as the best technical university in Spain by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) 2019.
Topics of interest
The program committee encourages the submission of articles that communicate applied and empirical findings of interest to higher education professionals.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topic areas:
- Innovative materials and new tools for teaching
- Educational technology (e.g., virtual labs, e-learning)
- Evaluation and assessment of student learning
- Emerging technologies in learning (e.g., MOOC, OER, gamification)
- Scientific and research education
- Experiences outside the classroom (e.g., practicums, mobility)
- New teaching/learning theories and models
- Globalization in education and education reforms
- Education economics
- Teaching and learning experiences
- Entrepreneurship and learning for employment
- Education accreditation, quality and assessment
- Competency-based learning and skill assessment
Dernière mise à jour : 9 janvier, 2020 - 13:10


What do the flags mean in motocross?
The blue flag with a yellow stripe is shown to lapped riders to warn them to move over as they are being overtaken by the leaders. The white flag signifies one lap to go, and the checkered flag, the one every rider wants to see first, means the race is over. Where did motocross come from?
What do the flags mean in Supercross?
Black flag: A black flag indicates the race has been stopped for one particular rider. … White flag: A white flag indicates the final lap of a race. Yellow flag: If you've ever watched a motocross or supercross race, the yellow flag is the one you've seen most often.
What do the flags mean in racing?
The "passing flag," signals slower cars to yield to faster with Diagonal traffic. Red Flag: Signals that the race stops immediately, regardless of position of cars on the track. Black Flag: Directs a driver to proceed to the pits on the next lap and to consult with race officials.
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What does a yellow flag mean in racing?
Flags are used to allow race officials to communicate with drivers. Every flag has a meaning, know them all. … Yellow Flag – Caution, something potentially dangerous lies ahead. Slow down, NO PASSING.
What does a red flag mean in a race *?
A red flag is shown when there has been an accident or the track conditions are poor enough to warrant the race being stopped. … If a race is unable to be resumed, "the results will be taken at the end of the penultimate lap before the lap during which the signal to suspend the race was given".
How many laps is a motocross race?
There are three classes: MXGP for 450cc machines, MX2 for 250cc machines, and Women's MX. Competitions consist of two races which are called motos with a duration of 30 minutes plus two laps.
What gear do supercross riders use?
The most essential protective gear a motocross rider must wear are a helmet, boots, goggles, MX kit (pants, jersey, gloves), knee and elbow pads/braces, chest protector/body armor, and a neck brace. Keep in mind that all this gear must be specifically designed for motocross or dirt bike riders.
What does a black flag mean in Formula 1?
A racing car is under no obligation to move over. BLACK FLAG. Shown with a car number to indicate that the driver must call into the pits immediately, usually because he has broken the rules and will be disqualified. RED AND YELLOW STRIPED FLAG. The track is slippery.
What does a black flag mean?
The Black Flag was flown by certain irregular Confederate Army units in the American Civil War of _PHONE_ to symbolize that they would neither give, nor accept quarter; symbolizing the opposite of the white flag of surrender. The Anarchist black flag has been an anarchist symbol since the 1880s.
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What does a black flag mean in go karting?
Black with Circle – This is a mechanical flag. If this flag is pointed at you, there is something mechanically wrong with your kart or racing clothing. You are to proceed to the pits cautiously as soon as possible. Black Flag – Disqualification flags are used when there has been a foul on the track.
What does a blue flag with a yellow stripe mean?
In Auto Racing, the Blue flag with the yellow diagonal stripe means that faster cars are approaching. … The flag is there to tell backmarkers (slower lapped traffic or slower cars in general) to give way to faster cars.
What does a yellow and black checkered flag mean?
A yellow and black checkered flag divides the beach into zones: swimming, surfing, or boating. A red flag signifies "no swimming here". A yellow flag with a black dot means "swimming only" (no surf boards or boats here).
What does a white flag mean?
What happens if a F1 race is Cancelled?
The FIA will have to placate the networks who have to shift there coverage around and potentially lose out on ad revenue. There are a lot of pieces involved. They'll do a start under the safety car, get the cars around somehow for 2 laps, then they cancel the race after lap 3 and award half points.
How do you enter a Formula 1 race?
Formula 1 requires drivers to have a good deal of experience driving similar vehicles. While there are many possible race series that can be your path to Formula 1, all racers must go through one or more of the junior levels to move up. Turn 18 years old. Formula 1 racers must all be a minimum age to hold a license.
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What does the orange and white checkered flag mean?
Airport or FAA flags are the most common alerts that heavy machinery is at work. Orange and white checkered flags are a pretty common site during airport construction. Placed atop heavy machinery or big rigs, these flags stand seven feet high with a three-foot by three-foot flag.
Types of transport


text:
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines and towers, power plants (except hydroelectric generating facilities), and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers.
The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialized trade activities related to power and communication line and related structures construction are included. The construction of structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) is included.
Alternative energy (e.g., geothermal, ocean wave, solar, and wind) structure construction
Construction of co-generation plants
Construction management, power and communication transmission lines
Construction of electric power transmission lines and towers
Construction of fibre-optic cable transmission lines
Underground cable (e.g., cable television, electricity, and telephone) laying
Construction of utility lines (e.g., communication and electric power)
The information on the number, size and location of establishments can be used to assess the existing level of competition within the industry in your province/territory.
The table below shows the breakdown between employer and non-employer or indeterminate establishments for each province and territory as well as at the national level. For this industry, 5 of establishments are non-employers or indeterminate and 11 have one or more employees.
No info available
No information available
at this moment.


text:
Flora Fact: Basket Case
Texas beargrass is toxic to livestock and useful for weaving.
By Sheryl Smith-Rodgers
Large mounds of evergreen Texas beargrass stand out against the dry, brushy landscapes that surround the Texas AgriLife Research Station south of Sonora.
"We're here because of that species," says Charles "Butch" Taylor, station superintendent. "In 1915, ranchers couldn't figure out why their goats and sheep were getting sick. So they joined hands with Texas A&M University and bought this ranch, which became the Sonora Experiment Station. Because of research done here, we know that the blooms and seeds of Nolina texana are toxic to those animals."
Texas beargrass — also called bunchgrass and Texas sacahuista — occurs in rocky soils across the state's southwestern quadrant.
Its leathery leaves, 3 to 4 feet long, spill like fountain grass from a woody base. The leaves are either smooth or have a few widely spaced, tiny, sharp teeth on the margin. Despite its name, the perennial species is not a grass but more of a shrub.
From there, further description can flip-flop. Some botanists place beargrass in the agave family with yuccas and century plants. Others list the plant as part of Liliaceae (lily family).
In spring or early summer, beargrass blooms for three weeks. The creamy-colored clusters barely rise above leaves, if at all. The species is a nectar and larval host plant for sandia hairstreaks (Callophrys mcfarlandi). Larvae dine on both flowers and fruits.
Factoid: Native Americans used beargrass leaves to weave sturdy baskets and mats.