Height is height, right? Look at a Manhattan skyscraper, or the Washington Monument, or a mountain peak in California, and you imagine that it will be the same height tomorrow as it is today.
But across the United States, the heights of structures, landmarks, valleys, hills and just about everything else are about to change, at least with regard to average sea level. Most will get shorter. Parts of the Pacific Northwest will shrink by as much as five feet, and parts of Alaska by six-and-a-half, according to Juliana P. Blackwell, director of the National Geodetic Survey. Seattle will be 4.3 feet lower than it is now.
That's because height is only height compared to a reference point — and geodesists, who calculate the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field and orientation in space over time, are redefining the reference point, or vertical datum, from which height is derived. It is a fiendishly difficult math and physics task that, once completed, will have taken a decade and a half to accomplish.
"The U.S., at the scale that it is working at, it's a big deal," said Chris Rizos, president-elect of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and an emeritus professor of geodesy at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
The grand recalibration, called "height modernization," is part of a broader effort within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, to establish more accurately where and how the United States physically sits on the planet. This new National Spatial Reference System, encompassing height, latitude, longitude and time, is expected to be rolled out in late 2022 or 2023, Ms. Blackwell said. It will replace reference systems from the 1980s that are slightly askew, having been derived from calculations that were done before the advent of supercomputers or global navigation satellite systems such as GPS.
The errors in height are magnified as one moves diagonally across the country from the southeast to the northwest. One of the few areas of the United States expected to either stay the same height or rise fractionally will be the toe of Florida. "There's really a tilt that shows that all of the accumulated errors in our vertical network are pushed up into the northwest," Ms. Blackwell said.
But height has long been tethered to ego. Some Coloradans worry that a few of their mountain peaks will fall below a bragging-rights threshold under the new height system, Ms. Blackwell said.
"They are very proud of how high these things are, and I know that it's going to be a bit of a bummer if they start to be a little bit shorter than they were thought to be previously," she said. She added that she is not yet sure precisely what the new measurements of Colorado's peaks will be.
And near Beaumont, Tex., citizens are grappling with the unwelcome news that certain areas have subsided so much since previous height calculations that these regions now sit in the floodplain. As a result, some landowners may now need to insure themselves against losses from floods, said Daniel R. Roman, chief geodesist at NOAA. "They didn't want to know that the heights had changed," he said, "because when they do floodplain mapping, they're like, 'Well, I'm this height — it hasn't changed.'"
The United States has been measuring its own height since 1807, when Thomas Jefferson, then the president, established the Survey of the Coast, forerunner to the National Geodetic Survey, to chart the waters and coasts on the Eastern Seaboard. The survey was the nation's first civilian scientific agency, and had the aim of making shipping safer.
As the country expanded westward through the 19th century, so did the measuring, using the coast, a proxy for sea level, as the reference point for zero elevation. Surveyors planted metal benchmarks in the land as they traveled, describing each point's height above sea level, often mile by mile. Anyone who wanted to measure the height of a building or hill measured it relative to the benchmark and, indirectly, to sea level.
Geodetic leveling, as the process was called, was painstaking and expensive. The rationale was to make sure heights were measured in the same way right across the country over time, rather than each county or state having its own system. For example, if engineers from two states were building a bridge across state lines, they needed to know it would meet in the middle.
And by 1900, geodesy had become even more sophisticated. Instead of using a coastline as the stand-in for sea level, geodesists developed a mathematical model representing sea level based on readings from tides. They have adjusted the height reference five times since then, in 1903, 1907, 1912, 1929 and 1988. The 1988 model remains the standard in both the United States and Mexico.
But the 1988 version was short on accurate information for California and parts of Texas and North Carolina, said David B. Zilkoski, a geodesist who is the former director of the National Geodetic Survey. That is because the crust there has moved up or down considerably, as a result of tectonic plate activity and the removal of oil, gas and water from beneath the ground.
The solution, Mr. Zilkoski decided, might be to use the global navigational satellite system technologies, such as GPS, that were then beginning to proliferate. GPS is excellent at pinpointing where you are in a flat, two-dimensional system — say, at the corner of Bank Street and Garden Avenue. But it is also capable of telling you where you are in a three-dimensional world: Bank Street and Garden Avenue at 40 feet above sea level. By the mid-1990s, Mr. Zilkoski said, the goal of using GPS to modernize height had caught on.
It had the advantage of being inexpensive and easy. Satellites, and therefore global positioning systems, measure height relative to a smoothed out mathematical approximation of the Earth's shape called an ellipsoid. (Picture a basketball squished at the top and bottom.)
But there was a big catch. "GPS doesn't know much about gravity," said James L. Davis, a geophysicist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in New York.
Gravity matters to a geodesist. Height is distance measured along the direction that gravity points, and the strength and direction of gravity's pull vary according to the density of what is beneath the terrain and near it. In other words, height is not merely distance or elevation above the ground; it is tied to gravity. Gravity, in turn, is related to the distribution of mass. Geodesists therefore use the term "height" rather than "elevation."
"Whenever I give a public lecture on gravity, half the talk is getting them to think about it differently," Dr. Davis said.
As a result, a height measured only by GPS could be badly inaccurate. An engineer who laid pipe only using GPS, without measuring local variations in the effect of gravity, might not get water to flow where it was supposed to go.
But making highly detailed measurements of the gravitational field, in order to factor them into heights captured by GPS, is no small task. In 2007, the National Geodetic Survey launched an ambitious mission — GRAV-D, for Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum — to accomplish just that.
Geodesists will then use these gravity readings to make a model that best represents average sea level everywhere in the world, even on land. Because the pull of gravity varies everywhere, this model, called the geoid, resembles a lumpy potato. All heights will subsequently be measured taking it into account.
Once the new height system is in place, people will find unexpected uses for it, Ms. Blackwell of the National Geodetic Survey said. She invoked "The Jetsons," the futuristic animated television sitcom from the 1960s that featured cartoon characters zipping around their cities in tiny spacecraft. The underlying technology — the ability to calculate heights and other positional coordinates swiftly and accurately — was unimaginable at the time. Today, with the proliferation of drones, self-driving cars and remotely operated aerial systems, the ability to navigate accurately in three dimensions is becoming paramount. "I think it's going to get adopted really quickly," she said.
Even as geodesists get better at calculating the shape of the Earth, humans are changing it. As we warm the planet, we are melting glaciers and ice sheets. Their mass shifts from the land to the ocean, raising sea level and, eventually, changing height, which uses sea level as the reference for zero elevation. The shift in mass also has an impact on the configuration of the planet.
"That mass on the surface of Earth pushes down on Earth and actually changes its shape," said Dr. Davis of Columbia University.
In effect, through climate change, our species is altering gravity across the planet. "We're doing it by making chemical changes in the atmosphere that cause mass to be moved around," Dr. Davis said. "And the amount of mass now is tremendous. It's noticeable in the shape of the geoid. It's also noticeable in the Earth's rotation."
Dr. Davis and other scientists are scrambling to figure out more accurately how to calculate the impact of the human footprint in the coming years.
"A few hundred years ago, it was all about what is the shape of the Earth," he said. "And now it's: Can we measure Earth's changing shape, and the amount of mass in the glaciers,


13) D
Try drawing out graphs on the question paper to identify which of the combination will transform PQR to LMN.
You will realise that the triangle only needs a rotation of 270º about the origin
The answer is 2 followed by 5.
Rotation of 90º followed by a rotation of 180º will cause it to be rotated by 270º, which is what is needed.


text:
Organize and Analyze your course documents. Here's how you can get started:
All you have to do is upload a document, and we bring all of the important information to you.
1. Upload documents
- Upload course documents to your class group dashboard.
- Osmosis supports word docs, powerpoints, and pdfs.
- Any member of the group with the right privileges can do this, but it's easier to coordinate if only a few group members are in charge.
2. Create a new folder.
Folders are time-specific and work with your Daily Repetition Quiz. They're designed to match the course modules, blocks, sequence, etc. that your school uses to organize their curriculum and class calendar, and so they also require information from you:
- Course Name
- Start Date & Exam Date

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Quick Answer: How do I remove BIOS boot options?
From the System Utilities screen, select System Configuration > BIOS/Platform Configuration (RBSU) > Boot Options > Advanced UEFI Boot Maintenance > Delete Boot Option and press Enter. Select one or more options from the list. Press Enter after each selection. Select an option and press Enter.
How do I delete old UEFI boot entries?
Open the Boot tab. You can set your default operating system, the timeout screen, and other boot options. Furthermore, you can "delete" old entries from the boot process, but this doesn't actually remove them from your system (it does stop the boot manager operating system selection screen appearing though).
How do I remove boot options in Windows 10?
Delete Windows 10 Boot Menu Entry with msconfig.exe
 1. Press Win + R on the keyboard and type msconfig into the Run box.
 2. In System Configuration, switch to the Boot tab.
 3. Select an entry you want to delete in the list.
 4. Click on the Delete button.
 5. Click Apply and OK.
 6. Now you can close the System Configuration app.
READ How do I download BIOS from USB?
31 янв. 2020 г.
How do I remove boot device?
To Add and Remove Boot Devices
Press the F2 key during system boot. The BIOS Setup screen appears. Use the arrow keys to navigate to the Boot menu. In the Boot Settings menu, add or remove the device to or from the list of boot devices.
How do I remove BIOS from Windows 10?
In System Configuration, go to the Boot tab, and check whether the Windows that you want to keep is set as default. To do that, select it and then press "Set as default." Next, select the Windows that you want to uninstall, click Delete, and then Apply or OK.
How do I remove grub boot options?
Step 2: Scan through the list to locate the Grub entry you're looking to get rid of. When you've found it, right-click on it to open up the right-click menu. Step 3: Look through the right-click menu for the "Remove" button to instantly delete the menu entry from your Grub bootloader list.
What is UEFI mode?
How do I change boot options?
 1. Restart the computer.
 2. Press the F8 key to open Advanced Boot Options.
 3. Select Repair your computer. Advanced Boot Options on Windows 7.
 4. Press Enter.
 5. At the System Recovery Options, click Command Prompt.
 6. Type: bcdedit.exe.
 7. Press Enter.
How do I change the boot menu in Windows 10?
Press Win + R and type msconfig in the Run box. On the boot tab, select the desired entry in the list and click the button Set as default. Click the Apply and OK buttons and you are done.
READ What is the focus of administrative management?
How do I close Windows Boot Manager?
 1. Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) is a utility that boots operating systems. …
 2. Step 1: Type "cmd" in search box, right click the command prompt and select "Run as administrator".
 3. Step 3: If you intend to disable Windows Boot Manager, please type in: bcdedit /set {bootmgr} timeout 0.
How do I remove grub from BIOS?
6 Answers
 2. Press a key when you are prompted.
 4. Click Repair your computer.
13 дек. 2012 г.
How do I add boot options to BIOS?
To do this go to the Boot tab and then click on Add New Boot Option.
 1. Under Add Boot Option you can specify the name of the UEFI boot entry.
 2. Select File System is automatically detected and registered by the BIOS.
 3. Path for Boot Option is the path for the file BOOTX64.EFI that is responsible for the UEFI boot.
23 янв. 2015 г.
How do I remove hard drive from boot menu?
4 Answers
 1. Open up cmd as administrator.
 2. Type diskpart and hit enter.
 3. Type list disk and enter.
 4. Type select disk 0 and enter.
 5. Type list partition and enter.
 6. Type select partition 1 and enter.
 7. Type inactive and enter.
 8. Type exit.
26 февр. 2016 г.
How do I remove multiple boot options in Windows 10?
Follow these steps:
 1. Click Start.
 2. Type msconfig in the search box or open Run.
 3. Go to Boot.
 4. Select which Windows version you'd like to boot into directly.
 5. Press Set as Default.
 6. You can delete the earlier version by selecting it and then clicking Delete.
 7. Click Apply.
 8. Click OK.
READ Can I install a new operating system on my Android phone?
How do I format c drive in BIOS?
To format a hard drive, you can use Disk Management, a built-in tool in Windows 10.
 1. Press Windows + R, input diskmgmt. msc and click OK.
 2. Right-click the drive you want to format and choose Format.
 3. Confirm the Volume label and File system for the drive.
 4. Check Perform a quick format.
 5. Click OK to start formatting.
17 апр. 2020 г.
How do I remove Windows 10 and install Windows 7?
How to uninstall Windows 10 using the recovery option
 2. Click Update & security.
 3. Click Recovery.
21 июл. 2016 г.
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OS Today


text:
EDI Envelope: Digital Information Package
EDI Envelope serves to deliver electronic transactions to a receiving company's business system. EDI Envelope can include multiple business transaction sets in the same way multiple paper purchase order documents can be physically grouped, stuffed, and mailed together to a receiver. EDI Envelope is the digital package that contains EDI documentation to be sent to trading partners. EDI Envelope is presented in three different types representing different levels of digital packaging. These include transaction set, group, and interchange envelopes, the last of which is the largest envelope comprised of the smaller groups of transaction sets.
Sometimes when we want to imaging the structure of an EDI document we can think about common paper documents that are packed in an envelope. The upper envelope (ISA/IEA Envelope) contains one or more envelopes (GS/GE Envelopes) in which documents are placed. Each document is in a separate EDI Envelope (ST/SE Envelopes).
The addresses of sender and receiver are "written" on ISA/IEA envelopes.
The type of documents "packed" are "depicted" on EDI Envelope GS/GE. This envelope contains only the documents of similar type – Purchase Orders, Invoices etc. Also it can be "written" on an envelope to which company-receiver division these documents refer. The last envelope contains the end-documents, e.g. Purchase Orders 000000123 and 000000124. Below is a sample of an EDI document structure:
ISA <<< «upper» envelope
GS <<< «inner» envelope that contains documents of one type
ST <<< envelope with a document
 <<< document itself
ISA*00* *00* *ZZ*A1STORES *ZZ*LEXINGTON *020115*0900*U*00400*000000005*0*T*>~
There are three different types of EDI envelopes representing different levels of digital packaging. These include transaction set, group, and interchange envelopes, the last of which is the largest envelope comprised of the smaller groups of transaction sets.
In an EDI document, each separate EDI envelope is notated by a pair of segments at the beginning and end of the transaction. Within one EDI document, there can be multiple transactions, and groups of transactions, each defined by their respective EDI envelopes.


text:
Oral History Project
SOC 114 CH01 LA Communities: Transformations, Inequality, and Activism Professor Gilda Ochoa
This semester-long oral history project focuses on the histories and contemporary experiences of individuals, families, and communities in the cities of Pomona and Claremont. Students are either part of Pomona College Professor Gilda Ochoa's Los Angeles Communities: Transformations, Inequality, and Activism or Pomona High School teacher Claudia Ruela's World History Honors class. Students in both classes interview community members and determine the specific focus of the project. The classes worked to continue to foster a reciprocal relationship between the colleges and the high school, as well as capture the histories of people whose experience may otherwise be lost forever. The oral histories will be archived at the Pomona Historical Society.
Theatre for Young Audiences is a collaboration between the Department of Theater & Dance, Fremont Academy for Engineering and Design, and The Draper Center for Community Partnerships. After a month of initial skill building, one session each week is spent at Fremont Academy working with 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students. College students develop theater literacy, mentorship and teaching skills, and are involved in every aspect of the middle school sessions and the final production at Pomona College in the Spring. They co-create curriculum, lead activities and small discussion groups, and support the creation and performance of the production. The Fremont students not only perform in the production, but are instrumental in the creation of the piece. The play is created with their writing, which highlights their lived experiences around the chosen theme. The Fremont students also make decisions about staging, acting, costume design, and general production needs

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol
Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol (obverse) Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol (reverse)
Istros was an ancient city near the mouth of the Danube River, in today's Romania. Its coins have an intriguing obverse, as they depict two juvenile heads facing in opposite directions.
The image could allude to the rising and the setting of the sun god Helios. Another possibility is that it relates to a geographical myth current in Antiquity of the two branches of the Danube River. It was known that one of the branches empties itself into the Black Sea; while the other was supposed to end in the Adriatic Sea. The Danube thus, people believed, connected the two important trade routes to the east and to the west.
The reverse of our half obol depicts a sea eagle catching a dolphin. This motif was adopted from the early bronze coins of Olbia.
Signet Sunflower Foundation


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How Often Should Tires Be Rotated?
How Often Should Tires Be Rotated?
Being as tires are the only thing between you and the tarmac, ensuring you look after them is an essential element of motoring. And one such way you can do this is by regular tire rotation. Not only does it help optimize your vehicle handling and safety, but it also reduces the necessity for premature tire replacement. The correct rotation of your vehicle's tires can add thousands of road miles to Tire Rotationtheir life span.
The following details everything you need to know about optimal tire rotation.
 - Rotate every 5,000 to 8,000 miles: Of course, depending on how high your mileage is this could mean you only need to rotate once a year. For those who hit the road on a daily basis, it could be as often as once a month.
 - Warranties are only valid if tires are rotated: This is something that often comes as a surprise, but if you get premature wear to a tire or tires and you've not rotated them, then you won't be able to blame the manufacturer. And that can be a costly mistake…
 - Rotating tires keeps your car safe: Those four simple pieces of rubber are what ensures your car handles correctly and allows you to corner and brake safely. Correct tire rotation facilitates predictable handling and dramatically reduces the chance of accidents.
 - It makes them last longer: And therefore saves your hard earned cash! Poor maintenance and the failure to regularly rotate will lead to uneven wear. In the worst case scenario, the lifespan of a tire can literally be halved if you fail to give them the necessary TLC. And with many tires costing hundreds of dollars, this is definitely an expense that we can all do without.
So what actually happens when I rotate the tires?
Without going into too much technical detail, it's all down to physics. Every time you drive the parts of the tires in contact with the road come under different external forces. Depending on which corner of the car the tire is located, the tread will be worn more in one area than another.
Front wheel drive cars have more force (and therefore wear) to the front tires, and vice versa for rear wheel drive. We all drive in different manners, and even without knowing it we all favor a particular side. This means that all drivers put their car under slightly more force on bends and turns on one side compared to the other.Jiffy Lube Tire Repair
By regularly rotating the tires this uneven wear is smoothed out, and you don't end up with unequally worn tire treads.
In addition, you should also ensure tire pressures are checked regularly and keep a constant eye on the condition of your car tires, repairing or replacing any damage should it occur.
Can I rotate the tires myself?
For anyone who's reasonably competent around cars, it's absolutely possible to do this yourself. However, for most of us, it's something we'd prefer to leave to the pros. Jiffy Lube is a well-respected national name for everything to do with tire health, and will happily carry out the chore or advise when it might need to be done.
With over 2,000 locations throughout North America, whether you're looking for Jiffy Lube in Washingham, Orlando, Clearwater, or anywhere else in the US, their friendly teams can be relied on for quick and efficient tire rotation.
You Can Do More, In A Jiffy


text:
Tuberculosis, which results from an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can usually be cured with a combination of first-line drugs taken for several months. Shown here are the four drugs in the standard regimen of first-line drugs. Also shown are the dates these four drugs were discovered—all more than 40 years ago. Click here to see how these drugs work.
Photo Credit: The photo of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC/ Dr. Ray Butler; Janice Carr.
Illustration Credit: This illustration is in the public domain. Please credit the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Illustrator: Krista Townsend
Last Updated April 03, 2012


text:
Fair Play for Children Freedom of Information Survey on Playground Provision in England 2011
Fair Play for children undertook a survey of 326 English local authorities in the early part of 2011.
The Councils selected were Principal Authorities delivering discretionary leisure services, including play provision. In the main, this would include the London Boroughs, Unitary Authorities and District/Borough Councils where there are also County Councils.
School playgrounds were excluded.
The questions asked sought to establish:
There was a question about types of play area, many councils use a definition formulated by Fields in Trust, some do not, and this is recorded.
Also, estimate of acreage of play area space. This proved a challenge as some authorities either do not have a record, or their play areas in some cases are within parks and without fencing. In some cases, a figure of 400 sq metres was used in the calculation process.
Because Parish Councils also provide play areas, Councils were asked if they knew of any run by PCs, or other bodies, in their areas. Arising from this Fair Play has been in contact with the National Association of Parish Councils with a view to a non-FoI Survey (the FoI does not apply to Parish Councils) and this will be going ahead in co-operation with the NALC during the year.
Of the 326 Principal Councils surveyed, 300 responded, three mailings were necessary. Another 13 are pending with their responses and the remaining 13 have not responded at all and FP is considering complaints via the ICO.
So far as Fair Play for Children is aware, this is the first such national survey of play areas in England
A media story with comments can be viewed HERE
Furthermore, Fair Play has been able to calculate that, for the 11.2 million children aged under 16 years in England, this Principal Council provision provides 1 acre of such playsapce for every 752 children (or 692 per play area).
To provide playgrounds for 1 acre for every 100 children:
it is suggested you may wish to ensure you have checked appropriately about copyright of the information below with the Freedom of Information Officer of the relevent Council(s) before non-private use.
Enquiries: 0843-_PHONE_ Office hours 10am-4pm Tue-Fri


text:
The pupils should develop the notion of linear uniform motion
experimentally, by deriving the speed of the powered car from the
measurement of the distance and time. The experiment should be
carried out with different distances and car speeds.
From the measurement values obtained the pupils should recognize
that the speed within the distances measured in these experiments
is constant and that therefore the term "uniform" applies to
What does the term "speed" mean?
Motion means that a body changes position in space. This change
requires a certain amount of time. A position is determined by the
indication of distances or lengths.
Measure the time which a car needs to cover a given distance if
it moves evenly.
Let the car move faster and determine again the distance and the
Express in grafic form the principles which have been
Speed is measured by determining the distance and time
associated with a motion.
A continuación la literatura para este producto
regresar a la lista correspondiente
En este momento agotado...
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text:
Hood College is a community that welcomes all those who seek to succeed. Hood presents a diverse face, one that embraces students with disabilities and celebrates the fact that differences come in many varieties.
We acknowledge and support the rights of students with disabilities to have access to higher education. In fact, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides comprehensive civil rights protections for individuals with disabilities. The College works diligently to eliminate barriers to the educational pursuits of our students, wherever possible.
Each disability is unique in that there is no single pattern of symptoms or problems that hold true for all people with that disability. For this reason, services are individually tailored to the needs of each student.
People-First LanguageHood College recognizes the use of People-First Language as described below:
- Use "disability" rather than "handicap."
- Say "person with a disability" rather than "disabled person."
- Avoid negative or sensational descriptions such as, "suffers from" or "afflicted with" or "invalid."
- Don't portray people with disabilities as overly brave, superhuman, courageous, or special. This implies that it is unusual for people with disabilities to have talents or skills.
- Don't use "normal" to describe those without disabilities. Say "typical" or "people without disabilities."
Additional questions may be directed to Lauren Reis at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


text:
LONGVIEW JUNCTION, TX
LONGVIEW JUNCTION, TEXAS. Longview Junction, in eastern Gregg County, began in 1873 when the International-Great Northern Railroad completed its line from Hearne to Longview and intersected with the rails of the newly built Texas and Pacific. The tracks connected a mile east of the T&P depot in downtown Longview. A second T&P depot and the I-GN depot were located at the junction. Longview businessmen formed the Longview and Junction Railway Company in 1883 to provide transportation between the main T&P depot in downtown Longview and Longview Junction. The street railway began with one car and one mule. In 1896 a larger, two-mule car was inaugurated. An electric trolley replaced the mule-drawn cars in 1912 and continued until the system was discontinued in 1922. By 1877 the Barner brothers were operating a sawmill at the junction with a capacity of 20,000 board feet a day. Longview Junction prospered in the early 1880s as dwellings and businesses for the railroad industry and its workers were built. A Catholic church was constructed in 1883. The brick, two-story, seventy-five-room Mobberly Hotel was completed in 1884. Local businesses in May 1885 included two saloons, a gambling house, a grocery store, a fruit and cigar stand, a drugstore and news stand, and a dressmaker, as well as two boarding houses, two restaurants, the Mobberly Hotel, and the Junction Hotel. Between 1890 and 1896 the number of dwellings in a five-block area of Longview Junction increased 200 percent. A private, two-room school opened in 1896.
In 1904 the city of Longview annexed land on all sides of its corporate limits, including the site of Longview Junction. The additional residents made possible the issuance of bonds for many of Longview's first improvements, including wooden-block pavement for streets, cement sidewalks, and street lights. In 1919 a grade crossing at the junction, one of the longest in Texas, spanned eleven sets of tracks. In 1939 the Texas and Pacific Railroad Company constructed an underpass that eliminated the dangerous crossing. The Texas and Pacific moved its division offices and shops from Longview Junction to Mineola in January 1929, thus removing 700 families and a large payroll from the Longview area.
Marker Files, Texas Historical Commission, Austin. Eugene W. McWhorter, Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County (Longview, Texas: Gregg County Historical Foundation, 1989).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Charlotte Allgood, "LONGVIEW JUNCTION, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 18, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
A representation of intersection types in terms of pregrammars is presented. Pregrammar based rewriting relations, corresponding respectively to type checking and inhabitation are defined and the latter is used to implement a Wajsberg/Ben-Yelles style alternating semi-decision algorithm for inhabitation. The usefulness of the framework is illustrated by revisiting and partially extending standard inhabitation related results for intersection types, as well as establishing new ones. It is shown how the notion of bounded multiset dimension emerges naturally and the relation between the two settings is clarified. A meaningful rank independent superset of the set of rank 2 types is identified for which EXPSPACE-completeness for inhabitation as well as for counting is proved. Finally, a standard result on negatively non-duplicated simple types is extended to intersection types.
Year of publication: 2021


text:
Learning Discriminative Stein Kernel for SPD Matrices and Its Applications
Stein kernel (SK) has recently shown promising performance on classifying images represented by symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices. It evaluates the similarity between two SPD matrices through their eigenvalues. In this paper, we argue that directly using the original eigenvalues may be problematic because: 1) eigenvalue estimation becomes biased when the number of samples is inadequate, which may lead to unreliable kernel evaluation, and 2) more importantly, eigenvalues reflect only the property of an individual SPD matrix. They are not necessarily optimal for computing SK when the goal is to discriminate different classes of SPD matrices. To address the two issues, we propose a discriminative SK (DSK), in which an extra parameter vector is defined to adjust the eigenvalues of input SPD matrices. The optimal parameter values are sought by optimizing a proxy of classification performance. To show the generality of the proposed method, three kernel learning criteria that are commonly used in the literature are employed as a proxy. A comprehensive experimental study is conducted on a variety of image classification tasks to compare the proposed DSK with the original SK and other methods for evaluating the similarity between SPD matrices. The results demonstrate that the DSK can attain greater discrimination and better align with classification tasks by altering the eigenvalues. This makes it produce higher classification performance than the original SK and other commonly used methods.


World's first 100% CO₂ system for ice rinks scores with Danfoss valves
Monday, 21 November 2011
With an estimated 8,000 ice hockey rinks in the United States and Canada, the small Quebec town of Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce, 20 miles west of the Maine border, boasts the world's first ice hockey rink that uses 100 percent carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration.
Result: Reduced heating bills when CO2 replaced R22
In 2010, the town's 10-year-old R-22 refrigeration system used in the Marcel Dutil Arena was replaced with a system using R-744, more commonly known as CO2
"We developed the Eco-2-System to address Quebec's phase-out of HCFCs and provide a natural alternative to ammonia," says Luc Simard, engineer for Compressor Systems Control (CSC), Inc., in Les Côteaux, Québec. "But our goal was to use 100 percent CO2 in a system that would work in practically any rink in North America."
The Eco-2-System's CO2 gas-to-liquid heat rejection phase differs from conventional R-22 systems. With R-22, the refrigerant vapour exits the compressor at 270 psig at the highest. This high-pressure superheated vapour enters a condenser, where it is cooled into a high-pressure liquid during the condensation process. Then, the high-pressure liquid goes through an expansion valve and exits as a low-pressure mixture of liquid and vapour. This mixture circulates through a heat exchanger in a primary loop that cools glycol or brine in a secondary loop to freeze the ice. The entire cycle occurs below the critical pressure, which means the refrigerant exists in both vapour and liquid states during the heat rejection process. This is called a "subcritical" refrigeration cycle.
However with the Eco-2-System, the gas remains in a vapour state throughout the entire heat rejection process. Because the vapour remains above the critical pressure point and, therefore, cannot phase change into a liquid during the heat rejection process, it is called a "transcritical" refrigeration cycle.
Simard uses the Danfoss ICMTS valve to regulate the flow of CO2 in the system. "This valve is absolutely essential to the process," he emphasized. "Without it, the refrigeration cycle doesn't work, and there's no ice."
The Danfoss ICMTS valve enables the transcritical cycle by regulating the phase change from vapour into liquid. After entering a liquid state, the CO2 is pumped through a network of 1/2-inch-diameter copper tubes embedded four inches apart in the rink's concrete slab. Two inches of concrete was poured on top of the existing slab to hold the new piping. Copper tubes were used to contain the pressurized liquid. The tubes are wrapped in a very thin polyethylene film to prevent any possible interaction with the concrete.
"The entire rink works like a huge freezer," continued Simard. "A small pump circulates the liquid CO2 through the tubes. The slab functions like an evaporator coil in a food freezer."
The CO2 is constantly boiling in the tubes. Because boiling always occurs at a constant specific temperature, the temperature of the concrete slab stays a constant 19°F (-7°C). Thanks to the Eco-2-System, when the Zamboni machine resurfaces the ice, the water freezes immediately making the ice drier and smoother.
"Another benefit of the transcritical CO2 cycle is that it yields a lot of heat that can be reclaimed to make lots of hot water," added Simard. "We use a Danfoss EKC 326a gas cooler control to keep the CO2 vapour in the transcritical range. Then the vapour is discharged from the gas cooler at 212°F (100°C) into two heat reclaim units to create hot water for showers and space heaters."
Thanks to heat reclaim, last winter the arena did not require any backup heating for hot water, which reduced energy costs. The Eco-2-System's Coefficient of Performance (COP) is 3.35 (11.43 EER equivalent) when operating in continuous heat reclaim mode and 3.56 (12.1 EER) when the outdoor ambient temperature falls below 41°F (5°C). Compared to a 3.2 COP with leading systems that use a glycol/brine loop, the Eco-2-System reduces annual refrigeration costs by nearly 5 percent.
"When you combine all the energy and environmental benefits, this system is a real winner," notes Simard. "And thanks to Danfoss valves, we can expand this solution to ice rinks beyond Canada to the rest of North America."


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Most larger air-separation plants continue to use cryogenic distillation to separate air gases. Before pure gases can be isolated from air, unwanted components such as water vapor, dust, and carbon dioxide must be removed. First, the air is filtered to remove dust and other particles. Next, the air is compressed as the first step in liquefying the air. However, as the air is compressed, the molecules begin striking each other more frequently, raising the air temperature. To offset the higher temperatures, water heat exchangers cool the air both during and after compression. As the air cools, most of its water vapor content condenses into liquid and is removed.
After being compressed, the air passes through beds of adsorption beads that remove carbon dioxide, the remaining water vapor, and molecules of heavy hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, butane, and propylene. These compounds all freeze at a higher temperature than do the other air gases. They must be removed before the air is liquefied or they will freeze in the column where distillation occurs. 02 December 2010Comment


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Hi Dear Customers:
Some people frequently ask us, how to maintain their cowhides. When you buy a new high quality cowhide from us, we ship it with cleaning instructions. However, here are some tips on how to protect your cowhide:
- Shake your cowhide outside once in a while, that's the best way to eliminate small particles
- You can use a simple vacuum once and then without any problem. It won't shed.
- If some spills occur, for example wine, coffee, juices or any other, use some mild soap and water to clean it, and use paper towel or a sponge immediately to absorbed it
- Never wash your cowhide in a washing machine or dry clean
If you have any specific questions related on how to clean or maintain your cowhides, you can always contact our Customer Care Department at, _EMAIL_


Zoonosis Diagnostic
As Limbach Group reference laboratory for zoonosis diagnostics, all required test methods are established within our company. Furthermore, there is a high level of consultancy expertise for both, senders and colleagues of other Limbach Group laboratories.
Zoonosis are infections transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. For identifying such infections special serological, cultural and molecular biological methods are necessary.
Your contact:
> Prof. Dr. med. Nele Wellinghausen,
 medical specialist for microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology, medical specialist for laboratory medicine
> Dr. med. Ralitsa Ivanova
> Dr. rer. nat. Susanne Deininger, Diplom-biologist
> Andrea Götz, Diplom-biologist


Registering Manually by Generating a Special Key
If you have installed the IVA-2 program on a computer without internet access or your firewall or IT policies prevent you from accessing the licensing server, you can still register the program via the use of a Special Key. Follow the instructions below to begin that process:
Generating a Special Key
 1. Install the IVA-2 Program if not already installed.
 2. Start the IVA-2 program by double clicking on the desktop icon.
 3. When prompted if you'd like to set a System Password, you can choose Yes or No and follow the on-screen prompts to complete that process. You can always choose No and set a Password later.
 4. When the "Getting Started" screen appears, you can choose to read or print those documents or press the "Close" button at the bottom of the screen. You can access the documentation at a later time by clicking on the "Getting Started" button from within the IVA-2 Menu screen.
 5. Press OK on the "Trial Version" prompt.
 6. ON the "Check Date and Time" Prompt, verify that your computer date and time are correct. If not, choose No and the system will provide you with an opportunity to change that setting. If all is correct, choose Yes.
 7. At the "Log In" screen which prompts for a Customer ID and Password, press the Cancel button.
 8. Click on the "Registration & Support" button and then choose the button for "Special Key"
 9. Enter in your previously supplied "Customer ID" and "Password" into the appropriate fields and press the "Create Station Key" button.
 10. If you have internet access on the computer where the software is installed, you can type your Email address into the "Email" field and press the "Send Station Key" button. This will create a Support Ticket in our Support system tied to the email address you entered along with the Station Key that Support needs to generate your Update Special Key code.
 11. If you are unable to send email or access the internet from this computer, then you will need to copy the "Station Key" down and then Submit a Ticket to BrainTrain support from another computer with internet access. BrainTrain support will generate the appropriate Special Key necessary to register your software and will send that information back to you as soon as possible.
 12. Once you receive your email back with the attached Special Key, enter that information into the "Special Key Code" field located at the bottom of the screen and then press the "Enter" key.
BrainTrain Support has written 133 articles


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An Analysis of Texas Waterways
For assistance with accessibility on any TPWD documents, please contact _EMAIL_
A Report on the Physical Characteristics of Rivers, Streams, and Bayous in Texas
Seasonal and Restrictive Waterways of East Texas, Part 1
This section contains an analysis of those sections of rivers, streams, and bayous in East Texas which have been found to contain an insufficient flow of water for recreational use under normal conditions, or for various reasons could not be classified as a major waterway, and would be restricted to seasonal usage. It has been determined that these waterways contain the basic characteristics indigenous to all waterways in the eastern portion of the State. However, their suitability for recreational use and/or scenic attributes have been limited in some manner. It is with the realization that these rivers, streams, and bayous have potential for recreational use on a regional and local basis that this information has been provided.
Armand's Bayou (formerly Middle Bayou) is an excellent example of a scenic natural bayou in East Texas. The mean width of the bayou is about 40 feet; however, it widens into a poorly defined marsh in some sections. Water flow varies and the bayou becomes shallow at times. The bayou is unique in that it represents an unspoiled area of vegetation (including palmettos, oaks, Spanish moss, cattails, and flowering water plants) close to the Houston Metropolitan Area.
Only seasonal recreational use of Austin Bayou is possible because the bayou is narrow and has only a limited flow of water. However, a potentially good 10-mile segment exists in the vicinity of FM 2004. A typical scenic bayou of the coastal plains, Austin Bayou represents an important recreational resource to local residents.
A typical scenic coastal waterway, the 20-mile section of Bastrop Bayou from FM 2004 to FM 523, flows deep and contains sufficient water levels for recreational use at most times. The bayou provides valuable outdoor opportunities to local residents.
Madison and Walker Counties
Bedias Creek, between Madisonville and Huntsville, is a scenic waterway that provides valuable recreation opportunities. The stretch between US 75 and the Trinity River has been identified as being the most desirable stretch to recreationists, especially during periods of high water. Here, the creek is from 20 to 50 feet wide, consisting of long pools and short riffles. One considerable rapid makes a tenfoot drop over a lineal distance of approximately fifty feet and could be hazardous to the unwary. Along the banks, the creek is lined with oak, elm, willow, and pecan. The main channel in the upper reaches (near IH 45) is hard to distinguish during high water periods.
Tyler and Hardin Counties
Beech Creek is a narrow, spring-fed tributary of Village Creek. Beech Creek contains unpolluted, clear, cool water and white sand bars. This waterway has been proposed as one of the connecting corridors in the "String of Pearls" concept for a Big Thicket National Park. The banks of the creek are heavily vegetated and many log and brush jams are found, which result in the creek being difficult to float. However, the whole 23-mile section of Beech Creek from FM 1013 crossing in Tyler County to Village Creek in Hardin County is usable for float trips during periods of above-normal moisture. The lower 4-mile stretch, from a county road crossing off of US 287 and US 69 in Village Mills, (eight miles east of Village Mills), to the junction with Village Creek has been identified as the best stretch for recreational use during normal water conditions.
Big Cypress Creek
Big Cypress Creek is formed in northwestern Tyler County and flows approximately 25 miles southeastward to meet Turkey Creek. Water levels of the Big Cypress vary, but are suitable for recreational use most of the year. Many log jams which result in the creek being difficult to float are encountered. The scenic beauty and primitive nature of Big Cypress Creek is such that it has been proposed as a connecting corridor in the "String of Pearls" concept for a Big Thicket National Park. Here, the best section for recreational use is the 18-mile section from a county road crossing off FM 256 (six miles west of Woodville) to the US 69 and US 287 crossing (1 mile south of Hillister). Two additional reference points on this section are US 190 crossing (six miles west of Woodville) two miles downstream from the crossing off FM 256, and a county road crossing off of FM 256 (five miles southwest of Woodville) five miles downstream.
Big Cow Creek
Big Cow Creek rises in the northwest corner of Newton County and flows southeast approximately 90 miles to meet the Sabine River. The creek derives its water supply from the many spring-fed branches in the area. In the upper reaches, it flows through an area of rolling sandhills, open mixed forests, and scattered pine groves. The lower section flows through a bottomland area composed of beech and other species of hardwood and pine. Water flow is sufficient on most of the lower section for recreational use; however, the best section for recreational use is reportedly from SH 87 crossing (2 miles southeast of Newton) to the Sabine River.
Big Mineral Creek
Big Mineral Creek is located near Lake Texoma on the Hagerman Wildlife Refuge. The creek flows through thick woods and is seldom over fifty feet wide at any given point. Access to the creek is no problem, since the creek flows through the Wildlife refuge. Picnic tables, grills, and restrooms are made available to the public by the refuge. A 1.5 mile section of the creek has been proposed for marking as a canoe trail by the refuge.
Big Pine Creek
Red River County
Big Pine Creek flows through farming and ranching country interspersed with sections of bottomland hardwoods. The creek ranges in width from 30 to 45 feet, with the best section for recreational use beginning at FM 410 and ending at Highway 37 on the Red River, a distance of five miles.
Big Sandy Creek
Polk and Hardin Counties
Big Sandy Creek rises in northern Polk County and flows southeast into Hardin County where it joins Village Creek. Big Sandy's total length is approximately 40 miles. Flowing through the heart of the Big Thicket, this natural creek is recognized as an integral part of a unique ecosystem. The creek is from 10 to 30 feet wide, with heavy vegetation lining the banks. Steep banks exist at road crossings. The waters are clear and shallow, but passable at normal water levels. Numerous log jams are prevalent which result in the creek being difficult to float. However, at higher water levels, the submerged logs became a lesser problem and recreational use is feasible.
Waterway features and distance between each are as follows: FM 942 crossing - 8 miles east of Leggett (creek is very shallow and narrow), US 190 crossing - east of Livingston on the Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation (7 miles), FM 1276 crossing - approximately 3 miles south of the Indian Reservation (the water has deepened considerably at this point) (6 miles), County Road - off FM 1276, six miles south of the Reservation (3 miles), FM 1276, crossing - 10 miles southeast of the Reservation (poor access is available) (5 miles), and US 69 & 287 crossing - 8 miles north of Kountze (16 miles). Approximately 2 miles below US 69 & 287, Big Sandy Creek joins Village Creek.
Bois D'Arc Creek
Bois D'Arc Creek, one of the major drainages of the Red River in Texas, maintains an average width of 75 feet from Highway 79 to its intersection with the Red River. This is normally enough water for recreational use of this two-mile stretch; however, the nearest road crossing on the Red River is Highway 281, approximately 40 miles downstream. Most of the time, the water in Bois D'Arc Creek is clear, and fishing is good. Also, good camping areas are available where Bois D'Arc Creek passes through Caddo National Grasslands (administrated by the U.S. Forest Service).
Buffalo Bayou begins in north central Fort Bend County and flows 65 miles southeast into Harris County where it forms a part of the Houston Ship Channel, eventually emptying into Galveston Bay. The bayou is floatable most of the year; however, it is extremely polluted. Buffalo Bayou flows through Houston, and numerous access points are available. The stretch from State Highway 6 to Loop 610 is reportedly the best section for recreational use.
Adequate water levels for recreational use are present in Caney Creek most of the year. The creek flows between a few high bluffs and rocks. A short segment from the Red River up Caney Creek to the low water crossing off FM 1753 and FM 274 is reportedly the most feasible for recreational use.
Catfish Creek is a scenic stream that has retained much of its natural character. The creek varies in width from 15 to 45 feet while meandering through typical East Texas bottomlands. The entire length is feasible for recreational use; however, overhanging willow and submerged logs often create unfavorable conditions, especially in dry seasons. The stretch from FM 321 to US 84 where Catfish Creek crosses the Trinity River is the best section for recreational use. Camping facilities are available at a number of unimproved, public campgrounds on the Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area.
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The soap note templates are extensively used in the medical fields. The templates have been fabricated attempting to know about the health of patients dealt with, their present condition, list of activities that they can schedule in their routine etc. Download the sticky note templates as they come in easy accessible word, excel format.
These Soap Note Templates more or less serve as prescriptions. You will be availed with a number of samples each sculpted with a range of background and examples. Print these and save labor and your worthy time. These templates also make the patients aware of their health and the essential know how. You may like therapy notes templates.
Soap Note Template Word
The Soap Note Template Word has been really necessary for the people to set up better format and layout to have the proper structure of the forms to be framed. It is necessary that the person must include allotted important details like the history of the patient, requirement of medical aids, symptoms and also record the routine of activities time to time.You may also see delivery note templates
Sample Soap Note Format
The most common use of the soap notes is in the field of the medicals. It helps to note down the history of the patient, there daily routine, what activities they can play in their daily routine and symptoms they underwent. The Sample Soap Note Format template helps to have a proper guidance of the things which are to be included in the format of writing.You may also see Progress Notes Templates
Soap Note Template Free
The template is specially designed to include the important details of the medical history of the client. The template can be resourceful to set up various questions that are to be framed while forming up the soap Note which will include the important things like medical history, routine and activities of the person.You may also see doctors note samples
Why need a Soap Note Format Template?
A soap Note format is necessary to decide the best layout and key points that are to be included in the form. The soap Note format template helps to have the proper design and structure of the form and they also must include the proper details of the medical residents and history of the patient. You can also see Progress Notes Templates.
It must include the current status of the patient and the plan to recover the patients, time taken and all the important facts that must be jotted down in order to have the layout of the note to be written.You may also see thank-you notes for meeting
Soap Note Template Form
The Soap Note Template Form helps to design a proper layout of the form which must be including the history of the patient and the various day to day activities being done. It must carry the proper health report of the person with proper detailing of the symptoms that are being put forward.You may also see consignment notes
Blank Soap Note Template
Example of Soap Note Template
When Does one Need a Soap Note Format Template?
Writing something descriptive or something which is new to you requires a lot of extra work and research to be done same is with their case of soap Note. One can easily write a descriptive soap Note format the proper medical resent of the patients. They must include the current status of the patient and the care which is to be taken.You may also see briefing notes.
The form must include all the details properly from the name to the related medical history in order to provide the correct layout to the form which can be done easily with the help of soap Note format template.You may also see musical note templates
Patient Soap Note Template
Prenatal Soap Note Template
Psychiatry Soap Note Template
Benefits of Having Soap Note Format Template
1. Soap Note format is descriptive about the medical ailments of the person.You may also see handover note templates
2. One can easily look for the soap Note format template which can help to form a better structure of the form.
3. It is necessary to include the medical history of the person and to keep a track record of all the important details which are to be made.You may also see field note samples
4. Therefore having a soap Note format template would definitely help in having a proper layout and outline of the form which is necessary to keep the track record of all the details.You may also see daily note templates.
It is really helpful in forming up a perfect layout of the soap note form. Whereas one needs to have the soap Note format template which will help them to have a regular form that will create medical history records of the clients and keep a track on their day to day routine.You may also see soap note templates
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NC ExpLORe is North Carolina's learning object repository. Simply stated,Â a learning object is a re-usable piece of content that meets a learning objective. A learning object can be a learning module, an audio or video clip, a simulation, an assessment, or other course content.
Instructors can locate content for courses by searching NC Explore, and then integrateÂ the learning objectsÂ into online courses. Sharing and reusing content saves time and expands the amount of resources available. Also, these items can be adapted, if necessary.
To get started with NC ExpLORe, create an account or login as a guest to browse available learning objects. You can also create and contribute some of your own!


Fur - Fur skin
From _URL_ - The Leather Dictionary
Revision as of 12:27, 4 November 2018 by Admin (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Dachs-01.jpg Bisam-01.jpg Murmeltier-01.jpg Fuchs-01.jpg
Mounted animals: Badger - Bisam - Marmot - Fox
Fur - Leather with hair
Leather can be produced both with and without hair depending on customers' wishes. A hide can have hair or not, whereas a fur always has hair. A fur is leather with very fine hair.
Fur - Fur skin
Fur is the skin of an animal which has a particularly dense and fine hair (more than 400 hairs per square centimetre). For example, mink fur, beaver fur, fox fur, sable fur and chinchilla fur etc. Other leather with hair on top is called "skin".
In 2009 85% of all furs came from breeding animals, most commonly foxes, minks, marten dogs, nutrias and chinchillas.
In 2013 the turnover in the global fur trade was approx. 15 billion US $. Around one million people are employed in this sector worldwide. The main production countries are Greece, Russia, China and Denmark. In Germany, the turnover of the fur industry in 2012 was around 1.28 billion euros and there were 23 mink farms. There are about 7,200 fur farms in the EU, mainly in Denmark, the Netherlands, Poland and Finland. About 35 million mink furs and two million fox furs are produced annually in European farms.
Animal species for fur and skins with hair
There are many animal species and their subspecies, from which furs or skins are made. There are unprotected animals and protected animals. The following list contains a lot of animals used to produce fur and skins with hair, but it's not complete.
Kaninchen-01.jpg Kaenguru-03.jpg Marderhund-Fell-01.jpg
Rabbit - Kangaroo - Marten dog
The different animal species for fur and skin production
Animal groups Animal species
Poultry animals Opossum, Wallaby, Kangaroo
Hare species Snow rabbit, wild rabbit, domestic rabbit (Chinchilla and many more breeding varieties)
Primates She-monkey
Cloven hoofed animals Guanako (young animal), vicuna, goats (young animal), domestic goat, domestic sheep (Persian, Merinos and many other species, often lambs), springbok, calves (from cattle), reindeer
Unpaired hoofed animals Foal (horse), zebra
Insectivorous Mole, silver bisam
Rodents Ground squirrel, bamboo rat, marmot, squirrel, beaver, hamster, bisam, nutria, chinchilla, viscacha
Marten Ermine, weasel, mink, polecat, marten, sable, badger, skunk, otter, wolverine
Bears Black bear, polar bear, brown bear
Small bears Catfry, raccoon
Dogs Wolf, coyote, jackal, fox (red fox, silver fox, pole fox and many more), marten dog
Cats Cats (domestic cats, wild cats and other species), lion, cougar, lynx, serval, cheetah, ocelot, jaguar, leopard, tiger
Water animals Seal
Wildkatze-Fell-01.jpg Fischotter-Fell-01.jpg Waschbaer-Fell-01.jpg
Wild cat - Fish Otter - Raccoon
Hermelin-Fell-Sommerkleid-01.jpg Hermelin-Fell-Winterkleid-01.jpg
Ermine with summer and winter fur.
Leather is mostly produced from animals that are kept for meat production. This is not the case with fur animals. The meat of goats and rabbits is mostly used for human consumption, but the meat of most of the fur animals is not eaten. In some countries, it is even forbidden to eat some of these animals.
A furrier is a craftsman who processes fur into clothing. This includes repairs and cleaning and care of furs.
Fur coat 01.jpg Fur clothing 02.jpg
For the older generation, furs were a sign of prosperity and provided warmth in the winter.
The cleaning of furs
In case of soiling, skins or furs can be carefully brushed. Always ask advice from a furrier who is experienced in the cleaning of skins and furs. Specialists use moistened wood chips in a special cleaning process for furs and sensitive skins. Insensitive furs and skins can also be washed with special leather detergents. In particular, old skins and furs can be extremely sensitive to wet cleaning and can irreversibly harden and shrink.
Animal protection and labelling
The trade of skins and furs of certain species of animals, particularly those threatened with extinction, has been restricted or prohibited on the basis of species protection worldwide. Many animal protectionists reject any trade in fur.
There is no uniform regulation on the labelling of furs. Single EU countries have stricter rules. Since 2008, the Origin Assured (TM) label indicates that fur products come from a country where approved regulations and standards apply to fur production.
From 01.01.2019 the city of San Francisco in the USA prohibits the sale of furs. The ban applies to clothing including gloves and accessories. This ban affects about 50 stores and approximately $ 40 million in sales.
The opponents of furs often drastically draw attention to their concerns.
Video about furs
Fur production.
Cleaning a fur coat.
How to make fur blankets.
Hides with hair on top
Skin on which the hair is still present, is referred to as fur or skin. Typical terms for skins are lion's skin, sheepskin, cowhide, bearskin etc.
According to a study from 2014, children who have slept on animal fur or hides during the first three months of life have a 79% reduced risk of developing asthma later.
Leopard-01.jpg Bärenfell-02.jpg
Head of leopard fur. - Bear skin.
Zebra-Fell-01.jpg Bisonfell-01.jpg
Zebra hide and bison hide.
Alpakafell-01.jpg Alpakafell-02.jpg
Wonderful warm Alpaca slippers from Lima in Peru. - Alpaca fur-accessories of the market in Aguas Calientes, Peru, below Machu Picchu.
Ziegenfell-01.JPG Fell-Wildschwein-01.jpg
Goatand wild boar skin.
Kuhfell-gefaerbt-001.jpg Kuhfell-Zebra-Tiger-Muster.jpg
Exotic dyed cow and calf skins.
Skins as covers on car seats.
Fellmütze-04.jpg Fellmütze-03.jpg
Fur hats in Moscow.
Additional information


Worms in a Drainfie...
Clear all
Worms in a Drainfield
New Member
Joined: 2 years ago
Posts: 1
Topic starter
Can worms be used for a secondary filtration system. If the runoff from a septic tank led to a vermicomposting bin, would the secondary wastewater provide enough nutrient for the worms to feed? If so, what would be the ideal mix for it to be in?
Thanks and apologies for my lack of understanding. Just trying (and struggling) to get my head around everything
Eminent Member Admin
Joined: 4 years ago
Posts: 42
Hi Nico
Yes you can use a worm ecosystem to clean septic tank effluent. If it's in an uncontained filter bed, then the worm population will adjust itself, along with the microbial population, to be the optimum balance for the amount of nutrient available in your unique situation. That's the advantage of working with natural systems. They're self-maintaining and self-correcting. So provided the conditions remain within what's tolerable for the health of the ecosystem as a whole, it will regulate itself. (Just as the Earth has done for billions of years until humans thought they knew better...) So if you set up a greenfilter bed as per the Design & construction page and just add worms, the ecosystem will start to establish and then do what it does best.
Worms have been used in many bioremediation projects to clean up all manner of pollutants. Most of these projects have been based on an inorganic substrate (see the scientific studies linked on the Why worms? page) but work so much better with organic material which is the ecosystem's natural habitat.


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ImageClickEventArgs Class
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ImageClickEventArgs Class
Provides data for any events that occur when a user clicks an image-based ASP.NET server control, such as the HtmlInputImage or ImageButton server controls. This class cannot be inherited.
Namespace: System.Web.UI
Assembly: System.Web (in System.Web.dll)
public sealed class ImageClickEventArgs : EventArgs
The ImageClickEventArgs type exposes the following members.
Public methodImageClickEventArgsInitializes a new instance of the ImageClickEventArgs class.
Public fieldXAn integer that represents the x-coordinate where a user clicked an image-based ASP.NET server control.
Public fieldYAn integer that represents the y-coordinate where a user clicked an image-based ASP.NET server control.
This class passes the location where a user clicked an HtmlInputImage server control or an ImageButton Web server control. Clicking an HtmlInputImage server control causes a ServerClick event to occur, while clicking an ImageButton server control causes a Click event to occur. You can then use event handlers to programmatically respond to the event based on the value of these coordinates.
The origin coordinates (0,0) are located at the upper left corner of the image.
The following code example demonstrates an ASP.NET page that uses the information provided by this class to display the coordinates of a user's click on an image.
// Define the event handler that uses coordinate information through ImageClickEventArgs.
void ImageButton_Click(object sender, ImageClickEventArgs e)
 Label1.Text = "You clicked the ImageButton control at the coordinates: (" +
 e.X.ToString() + ", " + e.Y.ToString() + ")";
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text:
(If you are interested in becoming a LeSS trainer (after reading all the below), please mail less_trainer AT less.works)
Who are LeSS-Friendly Scrum Trainers?
A LeSS-Friendly Scrum Trainer is a Scrum Trainer (CTC/CST/CEC/PST) whose Scrum courses are aligned with the LeSS concepts and introduces LeSS in their Scrum course. They are also able to teach the Certified LeSS Basics course, which is a one-day introduction to LeSS.
Becoming a LeSS-friendly Scrum trainer
If you are a LeSS-friendly Scrum trainer and want to list your courses here in the future, the criteria for that are:
- Have gone through two CLP courses (with different trainers), at least one with Bas or Craig
- Be a CST/CEC/CTC or PST or be a "Candidate LeSS Trainer"
- Have your Scrum training material reviewed. For CST, their CSM. For PST, their flipcharts/additional slides. For CTC/CEC, their Scrum training.
- Share your CLB material (if teaching CLB), and not using the standard variant
- Thoroughly read both the Scaling Agile and Iterative Development book and the Large-Scale Scrum book
- Have done the post-course CLP assessment at least once, and contributed a question to the assessment.
- Recommended but not mandatory at the moment: Co-train a CLB with an existing LeSS-Friendly Scrum Trainer
The trainer will need to register the participants at the end of the course.
What to expect from a LeSS-Friendly Scrum Training
Courses from LeSS-Friendly Scrum Trainers have been reviewed and as a participant you can expect that the course:
- is consistent with Scrum.
- clearly mark what is part of Scrum and what is not.
- is consistent with LeSS.
- clarify parts of Scrum that are slighly different in LeSS.
- introduces LeSS briefly.
Expectations towards LeSS-friendly Scrum trainer
We expect the LeSS-Friendly Scrum Trainers to:
- Add your course (e.g. the CLB course, etc) here at less.works, to show in our course listings.
- Upload Scrum and LeSS training participants at the end of the course
- For the CLB courses, pay the registration fee per participant, which is 50 USD
- Share their CLB training material within the LeSS-Friendly Trainer group so they can collaborate on improvements to the standard variants
- Be friendly!
(If you are interested in becoming a LeSS-friendly Scrum trainer (after reading all the above), please mail less_trainer AT less.works)


A super-hero published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Crack Comics #1 in August 1940.
The origin of the Black Condor begins in Mongolia in the early part of the 20th century. A young archaelogist named Richard Grey, his wife, and new-born son are part of an expedition that is attacked by bandits. The bandits killed all of the members of the group except the infant. He is left to die, but is rescued from certain death by a group of highly intelligent condors. Not only is it amazing that the condors took the human child in and raised it as their own, but it is equally amazing that they were in Asia at all, as condors are native to the mountain ranges of North and South America.
Despite their obvious misplacement in central Asia, the condors raise young Grey as their own. The child possessed the ability of flight in another unexplained turn of events, so he grew as a member of the flock like any other. Only his odd appearance ever gave the young man any idea that he was not a condor, until the day that he met Father Pierre, a friendly hermit.
Father Pierre taught the young Grey to speak English, despite being French, taught him to act like a human, and told him of his tragic past. When Pierre was killed by the same group of bandits that had slain Grey's parents 20 years earlier, Grey was overcome by the implausibility of his own origin and wreaked havoc upon the villains, taking solace in his revenge.
Grey then traveled to the United States as Richard Grey, Jr., but soon became embroilled in trying to foil a plot to kill U.S. Senator Thomas Wright. Along the way, Grey adopted Wright's identity and defeated those who sought to kill Wright. Again, in another odd turn of events, Grey kept Wright's identity and continued to serve in the U.S. Congress, showing that the people in Wright's district really don't keep up with national politics. While serving as a Senator, Grey/Wright also adventured as the Black Condor.
The Black Condor became a member of both the All-Star Squadron and the Freedom Fighters.


Quick Answer: What Is _USER_ In Spring Boot?
What is _USER_ in spring?
This is called Spring Java Config feature (using _USER_ annotation)..
What is _USER_ in spring boot?
Spring Boot _USER_ annotation is used to mark a configuration class that declares one or more _USER_ methods and also triggers auto-configuration and component scanning. It's same as declaring a class with _USER_, _USER_ and _USER_ annotations.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used for auto-wiring in Spring framework. … The _USER_ annotation also serves the same purpose, but the main difference between them is that _USER_ is a standard annotation for dependency injection and _USER_ is spring specific.
What is difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What's the difference between _USER_ _USER_ _USER_ & _USER_ annotations in spring?
The difference between them is, _USER_ is used to annotate compound classes, _USER_ is a marker for automatic exception translation in the persistence layer, for service layer we need to use _USER_. You can refer Spring Documentation to know more.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
Using the annotation _USER_, you can tell Spring where do your Spring-managed components lie. … On the other hand, _USER_ is a generic annotation for any Spring-Managed component. For example – If you create a class called Testing inside the package com. example.
What is a bean class in spring?
Why _USER_ is used in spring?
Spring Component annotation is used to denote a class as Component. It means that Spring framework will autodetect these classes for dependency injection when annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning is used.
What is the use of _USER_ in spring boot?
_USER_ is the most generic Spring annotation. A Java class decorated with _USER_ is found during classpath scanning and registered in the context as a Spring bean. _USER_, _USER_, and _USER_ are specializations of _USER_, which are used for more specific cases.
What is Yaml used for?
_USER_ Indicates that an annotated class is a "component". Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning. A _USER_ is also a _USER_, but a _USER_ cannot act like a _USER_.
What is use of _USER_?
In computing, configuration files (commonly known simply as config files) are files used to configure the parameters and initial settings for some computer programs. They are used for user applications, server processes and operating system settings.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
_USER_ auto detects and configures the beans using classpath scanning whereas _USER_ explicitly declares a single bean, rather than letting Spring do it automatically.
What is _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used with the _USER_ annotation to tell Spring the packages to scan for annotated components. _USER_ also used to specify base packages and base package classes using thebasePackageClasses or basePackages attributes of _USER_.
What is bean life cycle in spring?
Bean life cycle is managed by the spring container. When we run the program then, first of all, the spring container gets started. After that, the container creates the instance of a bean as per the request and then dependencies are injected. And finally, the bean is destroyed when the spring container is closed.
Is _USER_ a singleton?
2 Answers. Yes, that is correct, _USER_ is a Spring bean and a Singleton. About singletons – spring beans are all in singleton scope by default. The only thing you have to have in mind is that you should not store state in field variables (they should only hold dependencies).
What are examples of configuration items?
What does _USER_ do in spring?
What is _USER_ used for?
_USER_ is used to mark a method as one that creates a bean and Spring will then add it to the context for us. The return type of the method defines the type of bean that is created, so both of the beans created in this example will be referred to by the type MyBean rather than their implementations.
What's a configuration?
In communications or computer systems, a configuration of a system refers to the arrangement of each of its functional units, according to their nature, number and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software, firmware, and documentation.


Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
Jump to: navigation, search
Farmer (FARMER)
Special classifications apply in agriculture. Farmers 1 or farm operators 1 are those who farm the land for profit; among them we distinguish between farm-owners 2, who own their land, tenant farmers 3, who rent it from a landlord, and share-croppers 3, who give a portion of the crop in return for the use of land and livestock. Agricultural laborers 4 are persons working who are employed by farmers.
 - 2. A farm manager who is salaried is generally classed as a farmer.
 - 3. In Scotland a small farmer is sometimes called a crofter. A farmer with a very small farm is also known as a smallholder.
 - 4. Agricultural laborers are of three general types: fulltime agricultural laborers, day agricultural laborers, and seasonal agricultural laborers. This last category often consists of migrant laborers.


text: 65 acres. One of the best examples of fen or peatland in northern Michigan. A bog is a unique type of wetland dominated by organic soil known as peat; bogs are known for unusual plants such as the carnivorous pitcher plant and sundew. This area has been the subject of many ecological studies. A 1/4-mile trail leads from the parking lot to the bog overlook and interpretive signs. Please be sensitive to the fragile nature of this ecosystem when visiting; even sporadic foot traffic off the trails can permanently damage the vegetation. The parking lot is on State Road (S. State St.) about five miles north of Harbor Springs.


text:
Understanding Aging and Scavenging features in Windows 2000 DNS
- Prerequisites for Aging/Scavenging
- Aging/Scavenging Terminology
- When Scavenging Can Start
- Example of the Aging/Scavenging Process for a Sample Record
Learn about aging and scavenging features of Windows 2000 DNS servers and introduce you to a new terminology.
Windows 2000 DNS servers support aging and scavenging features. These features are provided as a mechanism for performing cleanup and removal of stale resource records (RRs), which can accumulate in zone data over time.
With dynamic update, RRs are automatically added to zones when computers start on the network. However, in some cases, they are not automatically removed when computers leave the network. For example, if a computer registers its own host (A) RR at startup and is later improperly disconnected from the network, its host (A) RR might not be deleted. If your network has mobile users and computers, this situation can occur frequently.
If left unmanaged, the presence of stale RRs in zone data might cause some problems. The following are examples:
If a large number of stale RRs remain in server zones, they can eventually take up server disk space and cause unnecessarily long zone transfers.
DNS servers loading zones with stale RRs might use outdated information to answer client queries, potentially causing the clients to experience name resolution problems on the network.
The accumulation of stale RRs at the DNS server can degrade its performance and responsiveness.
In some cases, the presence of a stale RR in a zone could prevent a DNS domain name from being used by another computer or host device.
To solve these problems, the DNS Server service has the following features:
Time stamping, based on the current date and time set at the server computer, for any RRs added dynamically to primary-type zones. In addition, time stamps are recorded in standard primary zones where aging/scavenging is enabled.
For RRs that you add manually, a time stamp value of zero is used, indicating that they are not affected by the aging process and can remain without limitation in zone data unless you otherwise change their time stamp or delete them.
Aging of RRs in local data, based on a specified refresh time period, for any eligible zones.
Only primary type zones that are loaded by the DNS Server service are eligible to participate in this process.
Scavenging for any RRs that persist beyond the specified refresh period.
When a Windows 2000 DNS server performs a scavenging operation, it can determine that RRs have aged to the point of becoming stale and remove them from zone data. Servers can be configured to perform recurring scavenging operations automatically, or you can initiate an immediate scavenging operation at the server.
By default, the aging and scavenging mechanism is disabled at Windows 2000 DNS servers. It should be enabled only when all parameters are fully understood. Otherwise, the server could be accidentally configured to delete records that should not be deleted. If a record is accidentally deleted, not only will users fail to resolve queries for that record, but any user can create the record and take ownership of it, even on zones configured for secure dynamic update.
The server uses the contents of each RR-specific time stamp, along with other aging/scavenging properties that you can adjust or configure, to determine when it scavenges records.
Before the aging and scavenging features of Windows 2000 DNS can be used, several conditions must be met:
Scavenging and aging must be enabled both at the DNS server and on the zone.
By default, aging and scavenging of resource records is disabled.
Resource records must either be dynamically added to zones or manually modified for use in aging and scavenging operations.
Typically, only those resource records added dynamically using the DNS dynamic update protocol are subject to aging and scavenging.
You can, however, enable scavenging for other resource records added through non-dynamic means. For records added to zones in this way, either by loading a text-based zone file from another DNS server or by manually adding them to a zone, a time stamp of zero is set. This makes these records ineligible for use in aging/scavenging operations.
In order to change this default, you can administer these records individually, to reset and permit them to use a current (non-zero) time stamp value. This enables these records to become aged and scavenged.
In the case of changing a zone from standard primary to Active Directory-integrated, you might want to enable scavenging of all existing resource records in the zone. To enable aging for all existing resource records in a zone, you can use the AgeAllRecords command, which is available through the dnscmd command-line tool.


What effect could wearables have on email marketing?
While marketing departments are still heavily engrossed in formulating strategies for conquering mobile users, another hyped-up and disruptive technology is here to make their tasks even more challenging. Yes, we are talking about wearable devices.
We have already seen the emergence of wearable technology, the likes of which include Google Glass, Apple Watch and Samsung's Galaxy Gear. Wearables are indeed the next big thing in the tech world. However, they have also put marketers neck-deep in creating strategies for these devices.
While there's been plenty of speculation about how wearable tech can affect existing marketing strategies, things are definitely going to be more challenging for email marketers.
Anxiety of an email marketer
The way technology is evolving, especially those related to wearables and online communication it is more than likely that very soon we will be receiving emails in radically different ways. Google, for example, has already taken steps in that direction. The tech-giant is redesigning its signature product, Gmail to make it wearable-ready.
But that's still a little way off. At present, wearables seem to be bad news for email marketers. The technology does not allow you to send emails and track device-wearing ROI or user engagement metrics.
According to the wearable UX guidelines provided by Google/Android, we are less likely to see anything beyond the ability to browse the inbox, or postpone, flag and delete emails on wearable devices, based on the email's subject line and/or preheader text for now.
This indicates a change in user behavior. The wearers are likely is to engage with your email campaigns in the following ways:
 1. They would scan and prioritize emails
 2. Read only the prioritized emails on their smartphone for further interaction
 3. Use a desktop/laptop computer to make further interaction or for purchasing
This is not necessarily a bad from a marketing standpoint. In fact, this means new opportunities for marketers to create relevant marketing messages based on the wearer's location, physical health and proximity to others.
Starbucks is already leveraging the technology with its wearable Android app, "Wearbucks". Designed for smart watches, this app not only allows the wearer to pay for Starbucks, but also sends targeted marketing messages if there is a Starbucks store nearby, reminding you to have a coffee-break or to redeem your reward-points. This is indeed a smart way to integrate email marketing campaigns into your wearable marketing strategy.
Marketers therefore need to optimize their email campaigns for wearable devices before the technology takes a stronghold on the industry. Here's how wearable technology will affect email marketing and what you should do to deal with it.
Influence people to interact with "wearable emails"
Let's take the example of Starbucks' wearable app. Imagine you are about to cross a Starbuck store when you suddenly get an email notification right on your smartwatch reminding you to redeem your points at the store or prompting you to visit the coffee shop to enjoy their new "Frappuccino".
Such triggered emails, based on context, are a great weapon in the battle against the challenges posed by wearable technology. But in order to influence this behavioral change you need to focus on your subject line. What you need here is interesting and effective subject lines for your email marketing messages in order to induce the interest of your target audience(s).
While an effective subject line is essential for any email marketing campaign, it is even more crucial when your message is being read on a wearable device. Due to the smaller screen size of these devices, the first thing users will see is the subject line. It is therefore your best chance to get their attention as well as convince them to read your email.
Treat it as a convergence between various vital channels such as SMS, email and social. We are in fact facing the time when short messages will be near-indistinguishable and users will have the ability to receive and respond to these messages directly from their wearable devices.
Focus on wearable email design
Even if you haven't heard this term before, "wearable email design" is a possibility in the near future. At present, there are no wearable email clients, but people are stressing on this concept and its potentials. How email interaction on wearable devices will be affected by the style of an email remains unclear as of now, but rumor has it that plain text emails will resurrect. The focus is basically on minimalist approaches and clear, readable text.
The concept of simple, clear and engaging emails is nothing new. In fact, these are an integral part of any successful email campaign. Almost all leading email marketers and solution providers have been using them to create successful email designs that convert. But what is new is the other aspects of the wearable email designs.
According to Android's developer documents, the trend would be to provide short bursts of information as well as control through voice actions.
We are therefore likely to see wearable emails with:
 - Effective subject lines and preheader text, optimized for the small screens of wearable devices. In addition, they should offer extreme brevity to compel people to take desired actions
 - Email interactions connecting with wearable applications such as providing directions to a nearby store via email content
 - Users engaging with emails via voice control, something like Starbucks' wearable app where you need to proclaim "Ok Google, start paying for Starbucks."
 - Using simple plain-text emails that are readable on wearable devices.
As a marketer, you should never take wearable emails for responsive emails. There are stark differences. The responsive emails at least had a precedent, the Web. Besides, there were software to test responsive emails. But with wearable email marketing, it's a virgin land yet to be explored. We can therefore only anticipate new patterns and trends and define them as well, as we proceed.
This makes one thing clear that the future of marketing and technology is very much unpredictable. But again, the influence of the "latest and greatest" devices will continue to be huge on the marketing industry. They will continue to pose challenges and as marketers, we will keep on formulating a viable solution for them. In conclusion, it is an exciting period for technology
Welcome to Memeburn


Re: HEADERS, FOR whom - any ID?
From: Jon Barnett
Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2007 14:59:08 -0500
Message-ID:
To: _EMAIL_
On 8/6/07, Jason White wrote:
> >
> > I'd like to see a different tactic in this debate. Can someone explain
> > what the downside to including them is?
> that there should be no change in this respect, and leave the discussion
> there.
> If there is further discussion needed surrounding _USER_ and _USER_ in
> , this should be taken up in a separate thread.
The premise in the original post was that the same logic that applies
to table/_USER_ also applies to label/_USER_, so therefore, if there's
a consensus about label/_USER_, why doesn't that obviously apply to
table/_USER_? I can offer a couple reasons for this.
label/_USER_ has use cases that aren't covered by the alternate syntax -
putting inside . For example, there are obvious use
cases where the label is in one table cell, but the field is in
another, or the label is inside a and the field is inside a .
 In those cases, the only logical markup is to use _USER_.
But using _USER_ becomes cumbersome: 99 form fields leads to 99 unique
_USER_ attributes and 99 _USER_ attributes. It's cumbersome, but it's the
only option. Someone might propose an alternative that would simplify
this if they wanted, where _USER_ contained an XPath:
for="../following-sibling::dt/input" - that would prevent the need for
99 unique IDs on the page by instead using 99 identical _USER_
attributes. I'm not specifically proposing this, but that's an
example how syntax can be markup can be simplified for authors in a
way that keeps semantics.
On the other hand, I haven't yet seen a real-world use case where
_USER_ is needed in favor of _USER_ or simple implicit markup, and
the markup is more difficult for authors: each header needs a unique
ID and each cell needs to reference one or two of those IDs. If
there's a real-world use case where _USER_ just can't cut it, then it
shouldn't be an issue.
Debi Orton wrote:
> The most useful example I've found of using headers/id is for
> extremely dense tables of such size that reiteration of row and
> column headers is necessary to place the information in context.
Can you give an example of those where the semantics of _USER_ don't suffice?
Jon Barnett
Received on Monday, 6 August 2007 19:59:11 UTC


text:
WOOSTER, Ohio — The ongoing drought afflicting much of Ohio has created conditions that are ripe for the development of a fungal disease corn growers in the Buckeye State typically don't see — Aspergillus ear rot.The concern is that drought-stressed corn is more susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus, an ear rot fungus that produces a very potent group of carcinogenic (cancer-causing) toxins called aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can be harmful for animals or humans if used in corn for grain and human food consumption, said Ohio State University Extension plant pathologist Pierce Paul.
Already, the disease has been spotted in some corn in Indiana, which is experiencing severe and extreme drought over much of the state, so Ohio growers should start looking for signs of it in their cornfields, Paul said.Growers can identify the disease by peeling back the husks and looking for a yellowish green or gray-green mold growing predominantly at the tip of the ear. This is largely because the fungus enters through the silk channel. Infection is also associated with insect or bird damage, which typically occurs at the tip of the ear, Paul said, so growers should look at ears in multiple locations throughout their fields, especially in areas that have insect or bird damage.
"Normally, aflatoxin contamination of corn is not a major issue in Ohio, but the dry conditions experienced across the state could lead to such a problem this year," Paul said. "This is something that we don't want to get into the food chain, period."Paul said the fungus can infect grain and produce aflatoxin under a wide range of conditions including temperatures between 54 and 108 degrees, kernel moisture between 15 and 25 percent, and relative humidity above 80 percent.
But, he cautioned, growers shouldn't assume that if they find Aspergillus ear rot in their corn, that it means aflatoxin contamination is also present."There are no guarantees that moldy ears will be contaminated with aflatoxins," he said. "And there is no guarantee that ears without visual signs of fungal infection will be free of aflatoxins, and that the amount of Aspergillus ear rot will provide an accurate measure of the levels of aflatoxin contamination." The plant pathologist said the levels of ear rot development and toxin contamination depend on the strain of the fungus, with some members of the Aspergillus flavus group being capable of producing more or less toxins than others.
To be sure, growers should have their corn tested. Samples from suspect fields should be sent to an approved laboratory to determine whether aflatoxins are present and whether they exceed thresholds established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.


text:
Calculate the mass of ice required to lower the temperature of 300 g of water 40°C to water at 0°C.
(Specific latent heat of ice = 336 J/g, the Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2J/g°C)
Let m be the mass of the ice to be added.
Heat energy required to melt to lower the temperature is = mL = m x 336
Heat energy imparted by the water in fall of its temperature from 40°C to
0°C = mass of the water x specific heat capacity x fall in temperature
= 300 x 4.2 x 40°C
If there is no loss of heat,
m x 336 J/g = 300 g x 4.2 J/g°C x 40°C
':. m = (300 xx 4.2 xx 40)/336'
∴ m = 150g