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- Click On Orange Button Above For Free 'Insider' GACE Report
Making the Most of GACE Study Guide Books
The final hurdle to jump on the path to becoming a teacher in Georgia is passing the Georgia Assessment for the Certification of Educators (GACE) exam. Everyone from the 20 year teaching vet moving states to the new college graduate has to have a plan for passing the exam. The GACE is different than other state certification tests, and since it costs a pretty penny to take, it seems worth it for test takers to invest in a high quality study guide book.
Unfortunately, there are many GACE study guides on the market that over promise and under deliver when it comes to helping you pass the GACE. The same can be said for the GACE practice tests inside those prep books.
This article will help you make the most of your studying and avoid making a costly mistake with your precious time and money. We analyzed real reviews from websites like Amazon to give you practical advice about GACE study guide books. Our research found that study guide books had content and practice materials that were not on the test and despite the money spent did not help test takers pass the exam.
Reviews of the most popular study guides made the point that there wasn't much guiding going on inside of the pages because the authors did not include enough examples or descriptions for how to solve test questions. The GACE book often had pages and pages of content that was disorganized without basic parts such as an index or glossary. How do publishers get away with producing such a poor product? After all, why pay money for something you can do better yourself?
Problem #1: The GACE Study Guide Format And Content Does Not Match Real Test.
The GACE prep books on the market are a joke. They are mass produced by publishers who spend more time writing their product descriptions than they do their study guide materials. It is truly sad that people using these study guides eventually failed their GACE exams even though they put the time, effort, and money into their preparation because the format and content of the study guide did not match the actual test.
It is a major problem when a GACE guide book includes topics that are not listed in the GACE test framework and leaves out ones that are. You could know the study guide like the back of your hand yet walk into the test and feel like you knew nothing. What a waste of time and money! Thankfully, you can download a free study companion from the official GACE website to start your studying on the right foot.
The free study companion gives you a breakdown of the proportion of each objective on the test. This is critical information to begin your studying with because you cannot rely on the content in the study guide books to accurately represent how the GACE exam will be tested. It is up to you to learn what objectives are most likely to be represented on the test and prioritize your studying in proportion of how often they will appear in the exam.
One way to familiarize and learn the format and structure of the test using the free study companion is to mind map the content areas and objectives. A mind map is a visual representation of dumping the knowledge you already have into a format that is easy for the brain to remember.
For example, if you are studying for the high school mathematics test you can begin with writing Subarea 1 – Number and Quantity 30% with a circle around it to represent how frequently you can expect this concept to show up on the exam. Then draw wavy lines from the center to the outer edges of the page and summarize each objective in your own words. Then attach another wavy line from the objective to tell yourself where you can access resources for this topic (e.g. college notes, khan academy, YouTube).
By the end of this mind mapping process you will have familiarized yourself with the content and structure of the course and built an outline of how to study for the exam.
Problem #2: The GACE Prep Guide Does Not Have Sample Questions.
How can a GACE study guides claim to help you pass an exam and have no worked examples to follow? The biggest sin a study guide can make is to only give examples of topics with the answers but then absolutely no work-out to provide direction as to how they arrived at the given answer. It's as if the authors expect you to memorize the question and answer because it is verbatim from the GACE. Most guides fail to give you all of the steps and assume you will know how they got to the answer, but if you are just learning or relearning these concepts, seeing all of the steps is vital.
If you can't rely on expensive GACE test preparation material, then where else can you turn for step-by-step help on questions likely to asked on the GACE test? New technologies such as _URL_, a computational intelligence platform allow users like you to ask a question and receive solutions that include step-by-step details. You can register as a free user and ask a range of questions from math to art and from physics to history.
Leveraging technology is another way to triangulate questions and answers so that you have confidence that what you are learning will help you pass the GACE exam. Test out the process by checking the answer to a question you already know, so that you can become familiar with the style of the output.
Problem #3: GACE Preparation Materials Are Too Wordy And Lack Basic Organization Like A Glossary Or Index.
GACE study guides try and justify their expensive prices by adding way more info in the book than what you will actually be tested on. In fact, some do not have much of anything in their guides that is actually on the test, and others read like summary notes of random subject knowledge. Even though you can't trust the study guide authors to craft an organized companion to the GACE test, by following these four steps, you can create your own personalized study guide.
STEP 1: Take the free practice test in the GACE study companion. You can download a copy from the official GACE website.
STEP 2: Rate each question on a scale of 1 to 3, 1 being easy, 2 being somewhat difficult, and 3 being difficult.
STEP 3: Create a table from the GACE objectives. Make each line represent an objective. Then re-read the practice test questions and categorize them into the table according to the objective you think it best belongs to. This process will go a long way towards helping you understand exactly what you will be tested on.
STEP 4: Look at the table and find the objectives with the most questions you rated as 2 – somewhat difficult and 3 – difficult. Start your test preparation by focusing on these objectives first.
Links to Free GACE Prep Tips and Tactics:
- GACE Practice Test
- GACE Study Guide
- GACE Test Prep
- GACE Test
- GACE Early Childhood Education
- GACE Pass Now
Save your money and protect yourself from study guide books that do not prepare test takers for success on the GACE exam. You can control your teaching destiny by using free resources and hacking the content and structure of the exam. Start this process by
- Downloading the GACE Study Companion from the official website and mind mapping the content areas and objectives.
- Sign up for free websites like _URL_ to get step-by-step instructions and solutions to questions and content that you need help with.
- Take the free GACE practice test and start the process of creating your own personalized study guide.
You will sprint to the finish line in record time because of yours personalized preparation. Expensive study guides for sale on Amazon do not deliver the same results and put you at risk of failing the GACE and losing your money.
Author: Mark Dahlson
Last updated: 03/21/2020


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area surface conversion
Amount: 1 square pole (sq pole) of area
Equals: 0.000025 Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ (平方公里) in area
Converting square pole to Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ value in the area surface units scale.
TOGGLE : from Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ into square poles in the other way around.
CONVERT : between other area surface measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Area units calculator
Main area or surface units converter page.
Convert area surface measuring units between square pole (sq pole) and Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ (平方公里) but in the other reverse direction from Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ into square poles.
|conversion result for area surface:|
|1 square pole||sq pole||=||0.000025||Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ||平方公里|
Converter type: area surface units
This online area surface from sq pole into 平方公里 converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
First unit: square pole (sq pole) is used for measuring area.
Second: Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ (平方公里) is unit of area.
0.000025 平方公里 is converted to 1 of what?
The Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ unit number 0.000025 平方公里 converts to 1 sq pole, one square pole. It is the EQUAL area value of 1 square pole but in the Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ area unit alternative.
How to convert 2 square poles (sq pole) into Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ (平方公里)? Is there a calculation formula?
First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example:
2.529285264E-5 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
1 sq pole =? 平方公里
1 sq pole = 0.000025 平方公里
Other applications for this area surface calculator...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this area surface converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool:
1. in practicing square poles and Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ ( sq pole vs. 平方公里 ) values exchange.
2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs.
3. work with area surface's values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two area surface measurements are:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for square pole is:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ is:
One square pole of area surface converted to Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ equals to 0.000025 平方公里
How many Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ of area surface are in 1 square pole? The answer is: The change of 1 sq pole ( square pole ) unit of area surface measure equals = to 0.000025 平方公里 ( Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ ) as the equivalent measure for the same area surface type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in sq pole - square poles for area surface amount, the rule is that the square pole number gets converted into 平方公里 - Chinese píngfāng gōnglǐ or any other area surface unit absolutely exactly.
Oven info & galleries
- Home Page
- Oven building CDrom details
- Pizza ovens
- New gallery
- Oven meals
- Vintage forum
- Rectangle shape vs. round igloo
- Building details
- Refractory concrete
- Heat resistant mortar
- Concrete cladding layer
- Thermal insulation
- Saving money & time
- Good thermometer
- Oven building 1
- Building oven 2

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
impregnated with seed; propagated; spread: You have sown the seeds of suspicion.
Not to be confused with:
sewn – made, repaired: I have sewn the pieces together.
A past participle of sow1.
a past participle of sow1
v. sowed, sown sowed, sow•ing. v.t.
1. to scatter (seed) over land, earth, etc., for growth; plant.
2. to scatter seed over (land, earth, etc.) for the purpose of growth.
3. to implant, introduce, or promulgate; disseminate: to sow distrust or dissension.
4. to strew or sprinkle with anything.v.i.
5. to sow seed, as for the production of a crop.Idioms:
sow one's wild oats, to have a youthful fling at reckless, indiscreet behavior.
[before 900; Middle English; Old English sāwan, c. Old Saxon sāian, Old High German sā(w)en, Old Norse sā, Gothic saian; akin to seed, Latin sēmen seed, serere to sow]
1. an adult female swine.
2. the adult female of various other animals, as the bear.
a. a large oblong mass of iron that has solidified in the common channel through which the molten metal flows to the smaller channels where the pigs solidify.
b. the common channel itself.
[before 900; Middle English sowe, Old English sugu, c. Old Saxon suga]


text:
4000bce - 399
400 - 1399
1400 - 1499
1500 - 1599
1600 - 1699
1700 - 1799
1800 - 1899
1900 - 1999
The German Government and the Turkish Republic, inspired by a desire to place relations between the two countries on a basis of mutual confidence and sincere friendship, agreed without prejudice to present obligations of both countries to conclude a treaty.
For this purpose the German Reich Chancellor appointed Ambassador Franz von Papen and the President of the Turkish Republic appointed Foreign Minister Shukru Saracoglu as plenipotentiaries, who, on the basis of full powers accorded them, have agreed on the following declaration:
Germany and Turkey bind themselves mutually to respect the integrity and inviolability of their territories and will take no measure that is aimed directly or indirectly against the other contracting party.
Germany and Turkey bind themselves in the future to communicate with each other in friendly manner on all questions affecting their common interests in order to bring about understanding on the treatment of such questions.
The foregoing treaty will be ratified by articles of ratification, which shall be exchanged forthwith in Berlin. The treaty enters into force on the day of signature and is effective from then onward for a period of ten years.
The parties concluding the treaty will agree at the proper time regarding the question of extending the treaty.
Drawn up in duplicate in the original, in the German and Turkish languages, in Ankara on June 18, 1941.
In connection with the happy conclusion of the German-Turkish treaty today I have the honor to bring Your Excellency's attention to the fact that my government is ready, in so far as is at all possible, to further economic relations between Germany and Turkey, taking into account the possibilities given by the economic structure of the two countries and taking as a basis experiences made for the benefit of both countries by each other during the war. Both governments will enter forthwith into negotiations in order as far as possible to create a treaty basis for the carrying out of this agreement.
In connection with the happy conclusion of the treaty the plenipotentiaries of both sides express the wish that the press of both countries, as well as the radio on both sides, in their publications and transmissions will always take account of the spirit of friendship and mutual confidence that characterizes German-Turkish relations.


Rails and Sidekiq logs contain fields starting with meta. with this context information.
Entry points can be seen at:
Adding attributes
When adding new attributes, make sure they're exposed within the context of the entry points above and:
 - Pass them within the hash to the with_context (or push) method (make sure to pass a Proc if the method or variable shouldn't be evaluated right away)
 - Change Gitlab::ApplicationContext to accept these new values
 - Make sure the new attributes are accepted at Labkit::Context
See our HOWTO: Use Sidekiq metadata logs for further knowledge on creating visualizations in Kibana.
The fields of the context are currently only logged for Sidekiq jobs triggered through web requests. See the follow-up work for more information.
Logging context metadata (through workers)
Additional metadata can be attached to a worker through the use of the ApplicationWorker#log_extra_metadata_on_done method. Using this method adds metadata that is later logged to Kibana with the done job payload.
class MyExampleWorker
 include ApplicationWorker
 def perform(*args)
 # Worker performs work
 #...
 # The contents of value will appear in Kibana under 'json.extra.my_example_worker.my_key'
 log_extra_metadata_on_done(:my_key, value)
Please see this example which logs a count of how many artifacts are destroyed per run of the ExpireArtifactsWorker.
Exception Handling
It often happens that you catch the exception and want to track it.
It should be noted that manual logging of exceptions is not allowed, as:
 1. Manual logged exceptions can leak confidential data,
 2. Manual logged exception very often require to clean backtrace which reduces the boilerplate,
 3. Very often manually logged exception needs to be tracked to Sentry as well,
 4. Manually logged exceptions does not use correlation_id, which makes hard to pin them to request, user and context in which this exception was raised,
 5. Manually logged exceptions often end up across multiple files, which increases burden scraping all logging files.
To avoid duplicating and having consistent behavior the Gitlab::ErrorTracking provides helper methods to track exceptions:
 1. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception: this method logs, sends exception to Sentry (if configured) and re-raises the exception,
 2. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception: this method only logs and sends exception to Sentry (if configured),
 3. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.log_exception: this method only logs the exception, and DOES NOT send the exception to Sentry,
 4. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_for_dev_exception: this method logs, sends exception to Sentry (if configured) and re-raises the exception for development and test environments.
It is advised to only use Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception and Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception as presented on below examples.
Consider adding additional extra parameters to provide more context for each tracked exception.
class MyService < ::BaseService
 def execute
 rescue => e
 Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception(e, project_id:
 error('Exception occurred')
class MyService < ::BaseService
 def execute
 rescue => e
 Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception(e, project_id:
Additional steps with new log files
 1. Consider log retention settings. By default, Omnibus rotates any logs in /var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/*.log every hour and keep at most 30 compressed files. On, that setting is only 6 compressed files. These settings should suffice for most users, but you may need to tweak them in Omnibus GitLab.
 2. If you add a new file, submit an issue to the production tracker or a merge request to the gitlab_fluentd project. See this example.
 3. Be sure to update the GitLab CE/EE documentation and the runbooks.


How to replace your old oxygen electrode with a new one
Posted October 07, 2018 09:12:11When it comes to replacing your old battery, it may be time to look for a new battery.
In fact, the problem that has dogged some electric car owners is that the batteries they have in their cars are not the same as those in their vehicles.
That means when it comes time to replace the batteries in your electric car, you may be stuck with a different type of battery.
That's where an oxygen electrode comes in.
The oxygen electrode is a thin, flexible electrode that can replace a traditional battery in an electric vehicle, but it can also replace a conventional battery in a car that isn't powered by an electric motor.
This is because oxygen can absorb light energy from the vehicle and store it in the electrodes, which are lighter.
The electrodes also allow for more efficient charging and discharging.
While there are a number of different types of oxygen electrodes available, the standard type is an oxygen-filled electrode, which is used in many cars and light trucks.
That type of electrode is made of copper, and it is typically used in cars to provide the required amount of oxygen to power the electric motor, and for charging the battery.
Oxygen electrodes can be used for a variety of applications, but for this article, we're going to focus on the standard oxygen electrode used in most electric vehicles.
What are the different types?
There are four types of oxide electrodes available: oxygen-activated (OAT), oxygen-free (OFA), oxygen electrodes (OEP) and oxygen electrodes without electrodes.
The OAT electrode has a thin surface that can be coated with an oxygen agent or a polymer.
Oxygenic compounds are added to the OAT, making it a more robust electrode.
The same material that is used to make OAT electrodes also makes the OTA, the oxygen-containing electrode used for light bulbs.OAT electrodes are made of an oxygen compound called anhydrous amine, which reacts with the electrolyte in the battery to create oxygen.
The resulting oxygen-oxygen mixture can be charged and discharged using the same electrolyte as in a battery.
This allows the battery and the electric vehicle to work better together.
The electrode that has the most oxygen-based material in it can provide the most power to the electric engine.OFA electrodes are used in electric vehicles, light trucks, sport utility vehicles and motorcycles.
The main advantage of these electrodes is that they have a relatively thick electrode, and can be covered with an oxidizer.
Oxidizers provide a protective layer on the electrode surface, and they provide the necessary amount of light energy to charge and discharge the electrode.
When the battery is powered by the electric drive system, oxygen molecules can flow into the electrode, but this does not cause the electrode to lose oxygen.
In contrast, OEP electrodes are the most common type used in vehicles.
These electrodes are thinner, lighter, have a better electrode surface and are more durable.
They are used primarily in vehicles and light vehicles.
The downside to using OTA or OEP is that these electrodes can oxidize, and that can lead to the electrode's surface becoming oxidized, which can cause the battery or the electric car to become unstable.
That can lead the electric system to overheat.
When it came time to upgrade an electric car's battery, the first step was to find a replacement electrode.
That process took about five to six weeks, depending on the size of the battery, according to Michael Cusimano, the lead electric vehicle engineer for the company Tesla.
Cusimanos battery upgrade company is developing a battery that can handle up to 5,000 miles on a single charge, and the company plans to offer the battery at the end of 2021.
The company has a number other batteries in development that will be able to handle up that much charging.
The first is a battery with a larger capacity, which could be in the 10,000 to 20,000-mile range.
The second battery that is in the works is a 10,200-mile battery that will eventually be available for purchase.
This battery will be used in the Tesla Model 3, a car designed to go beyond the conventional car, and could be a significant improvement over existing electric vehicles in its ability to drive up to 90 miles on the highway.
Tesla is also working on developing a vehicle that will allow people to drive autonomously without needing to be in control of a steering wheel.
This car is still in the early stages of development, but Tesla is currently working with several automotive manufacturers to develop the technology.
The third and final battery that Tesla plans to release to the market is the 9,000 mile version of the company's next-generation electric car.
This version of Tesla's electric car will feature a battery pack that will exceed 10,500 miles of range.
In the near future, the company will release a 7,000 battery pack, which will be comparable to the Tesla Roadster.


Shayirkul Adreshova is part of group of women farmers who supply medicinal herbs to European markets, thanks to WFP/GIZ project. Photo: WFP/Alima Nurgazieva
A WFP Project Empowers Women Farmers In Rural Kyrgyzstan
In a remote Kyrgyz village, Shayirkul Adreshova had the seemingly impossible dream of becoming a successful business woman whose products sell internationally. The dream turned into reality three years after she had joined a WFP food-for-assets project that assists vulnerable rural women. She is now part of a small group of women farmers who provide medicinal herbs to European markets, including valerian that is most often used to treat insomnia.
Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked low-income country in Central Asia dominated by the majestic Tian Shan snow-capped mountain range. A former Soviet Republic, the country gained independence in 1991. Although it has since made some economic progress, almost 38 percent of the people remain below the poverty line and an estimated 24 percent are food-insecure. One of the main reasons large parts of the population are locked in a cycle of poverty and hunger is that the country is frequently exposed to natural disasters shocks such as earthquakes, mudslides and floods combined with dilapidated infrastructure and a complex ethnic and political environment.
Подробная информация о деятельности ВПП ООН на русском языке здесь


text:
Definition of Underweighted
Usually refers to recommendation that leads an investor to reduce their investment in a particular security or asset class. The reduction is usually with respect to a benchmark. Suppose that U.S. equities compose 40% of the benchmark portfolio. If one thinks the U.S. will underperform, the investor may reduce the exposure to U.S. equity to less than 40%.


text:
MIT team finds that the ratio of component atoms is vital to performance.
Judith L. Rapoport, chief of the child psychiatry branch at the National Institute of Mental Health, is this year's winner of the McGovern Institute's Edward M. Scolnick Prize in Neuroscience, an annual award recognizing an outstanding discovery or significant advance in the field of neuroscience.
Rapoport was selected for her groundbreaking studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Childhood Onset Schizophrenia, according to Robert Desimone, director of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, which established the award in 2003.
Rapoport will receive $50,000 with the award. She will present a public lecture at MIT, hosted by the McGovern Institute and followed by a gala awards dinner sometime this spring.
"Dr. Rapaport has contributed significantly to our current understanding of the human brain," said Desimone. "Her groundbreaking research has benefited thousands around the globe, while fundamentally changing the way in which we view child psychiatry."
Rapoport pioneered the fields of neuroanatomy and neurochemistry ADHD studies, was the first to document that the symptoms of OCD in children and adolescents are similar to those seen in adults, and was the first to use structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine developmental changes in brain size and structure in children with schizophrenia.
She is known for her book, "The Boy Who Couldn't Stop Washing," which was on The New York Times Bestseller list for 10 weeks.
The Scolnick Prize provides an important focus for the international neuroscience community, building bridges that will promote future collaborations and an accelerated pace of neuroscience research. It honors Edward M. Scolnick, former president of Merck Research Laboratories.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


tva logoTennessee Valley Authority
Ocoee Power
picture of Ocoee riverOcoee Dam No. 1 and Ocoee Dam No. 2 were among the first hydroelectric projects in the Tennessee Valley. Built by a private power company between 1910 and 1913, they were acquired by TVA in 1939. TVA built Ocoee Dam No. 3 during World War II.
Ocoee No. 2 and Ocoee No. 3 make clever use of East Tennessee's mountainous topography to maximize power production. The powerhouses of Ocoees No. 2 and 3 are located five and two-and-a-half miles downstream from their respective dams. Water flows from Ocoee No. 2 to its powerhouse by way of a wooden flume, and from Ocoee No. 3 to its powerhouse by a tunnel.
In each case the terrain drops precipitously from the dam to the powerhouse, while the tunnel and flume remain fairly level. This means that when water reaches the Ocoee No. 2 powerhouse, it must drop 250 feet through pipes to reach the generators.
As a result, the power-producing capacity of 30-foot-high Ocoee No. 2 is roughly equal to what you'd get if a 250-foot dam had been built at the powerhouse site. The same ingenious design boosts power production at Ocoee No. 3.
Content for id "future1" Goes Here
Content for id "future2" Goes Here
Content for id "future3" Goes Here


Succession and the Relationship between Vegetation and Soil in the Marl Quarries of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Periodo de realización: 1900/01/01 al 2019/01/01
Tipo: Artículo científico
Lugar(es) de estudio: Xul-Ha, Q.R., México
Resumen: "Open-pit mining is a common activity in the Yucatan Peninsula for the extraction of limestone. These areas are characterized by the total removal of the natural vegetation cover and soil in order to access calcareous material. The present study shows the composition and structure of the vegetation in five quarries after approximately ten years of abandonment, and the target vegetation near to the quarries in southeastern Mexico. A linear mixed model showed that P availability is one of the limiting factors for species establishment in the quarries. Using a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the distribution of the species was determined in relation to the edaphic variables: soil depth, the percentage of organic matter (OM), cationic exchange capacity (CEC), pH and texture. Twenty-six families, 46 genera and 50 species were recorded in the quarries, and 25 families, 45 genera and 47 species were recorded in the conserved areas. The dominant species in the quarries belong to the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Anacardiaceae. The quarries with higher values of OM (2%), CEC (24 Cmol/kg), depth (11 cm) and sand percentage (31%) include the following species Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth., Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urb. and Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., which are common in secondary forests. Quarries with lower values of OM (0.4%), CEC (17 Cmol/kg) and depth (5.02), and with a higher percentage of silt (42%) were dominated by herbs belonging to Poaceae and by Borreria verticillate (L.) G. Mey., which are typical in disturbed areas of southeastern Mexico. In all cases, the pH was slightly alkaline due to the content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), characteristic of the soils of the region."
Información de ECOSUR


- Racist Mural Puts Tate Galleries in a Bind
 Portions of a Rex Whistler mural in the Tate's restaurant contain racially offensive images. The work as a whole is protected by British heritage laws and can't be altered, putting the museum in a bind between preservation and cultural sensitivity.
 - Museums as Monuments to White Supremacy
 by Ana Lucia Araujo
 Recent protest and scholarship have highlighted the knowledge of major cultural institutions that artifacts in their collections were looted from Africa and other colonized places, and support calls to repatriate the artifacts.


Distinguishing Between Weaknesses and Liabilities
In my previous post, I discussed a three part process for becoming a more confident leader:
 1. Make the most of your strengths (those things that you are consistently good at and enjoy doing).
 2. Correct your liabilities (the things that keep you from being effective as a leader).
 3. Make peace with your weaknesses (the parts of your leadership that are not "ideal," yet not keeping you from accomplishing the mission of your organization).
Let's talk about how to separate "liabilities" and "weaknesses." The most helpful metaphor I know for this is to talk about "paper tigers" and "real tigers." Harvard Business Review calls this separating "weaknesses" from "fatal flaws."
Let's explore the real tiger versus paper tiger image for a bit. Imagine you are walking in a local park with a wooded area. Something pops up in your peripheral vision and your body goes taught – perched on the precipice of a fight or flight response. You just spotted a tiger in the wild.
Your body freezes and you turn your head slightly to get a better look at the threat – and then discover that what you saw only has the shape of a tiger. In fact, it is a paper-mache tiger! The key distinction here is that while a real tiger can hurt you; a paper one can't.
Imagine if you had allowed yourself to go into a full-on panic at the sight of a "tiger." What if you had started screaming at everyone in the park to run for their lives – how would you have felt afterward? Or, what if you had gone into full blown attack mode and attempted to neutralize the threat? How would people around you perceive your violent dismemberment of something akin to a grade school art project? Either way, how much energy would you have wasted on something that wasn't a real threat?
Distinguishing between weaknesses and liabilities is like distinguishing between paper tigers and real tigers. Weaknesses may at first look like a real threat, but when we take a second look at the situation, we realize that those perceived threats do not pose long term consequences. Here are some examples from the world of work:
 - Going over budget on one item – yet the larger project is still on budget.
 - When a team member tells you about a "big problem," yet it is one that you know how to solve.
 - Not knowing how to handle a problem when there are other people on the team who can handle it.
Let's further consider that last bullet point for a moment, as it is a common one for teams I work with. The Gallup Strengthsfinder assessment divided up their 34 strengths into 4 categories of leadership strengths: executing, relating, influencing, and strategic thinking. When I use this tool with coaching clients, we start by identifying the categories where they are strong and the categories where they are either weak or missing top skills entirely. The next step is to ask, "Who do you know that can make up for this gap? What kind of relationship do you have with that person?" To the extent that a leader has strong and collaborative relationships with people whose top strengths lie in areas where the leader is deficient, those deficiencies are only weaknesses. If the leader does not have strong collaborative relationships with others who have top strengths where the leader is deficient, then that gap is a liability.
The mindfulness techniques taught in Claremont Lincoln University first graduate class also helps leaders distinguish between paper tigers and real tigers by giving them self-awareness and self-management skills to know both when they are entering a fight-or-flight state and how to manage that state.
So, what are your tactics for distinguishing between paper tigers and real tigers?
Possible Action Items:
 - Use the Gallup strengths finder assessment to identify where your team members have gaps and can rely on each other more than they currently do.
 - Use mindfulness apps like headspace to help develop your self-awareness and emotional management skills.
 - To really dig into mindfulness, take CLU's fully-online mindfulness course for your personal and professional development.
Claremont Lincoln University is an educational partner with Southern California Leadership Network.


text:
George Howarth MP made a compelling case for increased rigour across industry standards at an adjournment debate on cable and fire safety.
The Knowsley MP pointed to the work of the Safer Structures Campaign – an initiative mounted by independent global cable manufacturer Tratos – which is pushing for standards to go 'beyond the minimum' to protect people in their homes, public buildings and places of work and education.
The campaign, spearheaded by Tratos CEO Dr Maurizio Bragagni, was behind Mr Howarth's five key safety questions. They were whether the Minister will consider:
- Introducing immediate measures to properly regulate cable standards with a view to introducing a higher minimum class of performance (Cca) to ensure enforcement of Construction Products Regulation (CPR) in the UK
- Providing the resources to enable the Health and Safety Executive to identify the remaining four million metres of sub-standard cabling sold by Atlas Kablo.
- Take action on white goods to fully identify the risks and any action that could be taken to eradicate those risks.
- Carry out a review of regions most prone to electrical fires to identify any common characteristics.
- Commit to ensuring that there is no deregulation of cable standards in the UK following Britain's exit from the EU.
Heather Wheeler MP (Con, South Derbyshire), Minister for Housing and Homelessness, responded on behalf of the Government with an explanation of current arrangements for fire safety through standards and building regulations.
The Minister acknowledged that BS7671 is due to be revised in July 2018 but said that (to her understanding) reaction to fire classification is not due to change. Officials will review the revised IET BS 7671 once published to consider how the approved documents might be updated.
She said she recognised that the industry is divided on how to set reaction to fire classifications but acknowledged that some parts of the industry would welcome a blanket (higher minimum) standard. The Minister pointed to The Hackitt Review (Independent Review of Building Regulation and Fire Safety), adding that as part of the consideration of the review's recommendations the Government will review evidence of risk associated with electrical cabling to consider how it should respond. She went on to say that raising standards with a blanket increase would be difficult because "there is no agreement in the market".


text:
Optimization of industrial processes in the process and manufacturing industries (mining, wood, paper, tooling, etc.) is the focal point of research in Process IT performed at Luleå University of Technology.
Materials Science is about research in High-performance steel for e.g., the automotive industry; Wood and bio composites as replacements for plastic in composites; and Tribology where friction and wear are studied to find ways of reducing energy consumption and increasing the working life of mechanical components. This video showcases research in Materials science at Luleå University of Technology.
Video only available in Swedish
A film about the research at LTU regarding processes in the mining industry and continuous improvement of the whole production line.
Tribology is the science of surfaces in sliding or rolling contact and include friction, wear and lubrication. The word comes from the Greek tribo, meaning rubbing.
A short film about the tribology research at Luleå University of Technology. In Swedish.


_USER_{Hottenrott2015Flying, abstract = {This paper studies the importance of the socialization environment - nest - for the career destinations of early career researchers. In a sample of research groups in the fields of science and engineering at universities in Germany, we identify research orientation, output, funding as well as openness to industry and commercialization as relevant components. Nests that attract more public funding and are led by professors with high research performance are more likely to produce researchers that take jobs in public research, while links to industry predict jobs in the private sector. In a more nuanced analysis that differs by type of industry employment we find that larger firms also recruit from groups with higher scientific performance, while SMEs recruit from nests with a higher patent productivity. A focus on experimental development instead is associated with academic start-ups, and an applied focus with employment in consulting. Recommendations for research training are discussed.}, address = {D\"{u}sseldorf}, author = {Hanna Hottenrott and Cornelia Lawson}, copyright = {_URL_ isbn = {978-3-86304-152-6}, keywords = {330; Researcher Mobility; Research Groups; Research Funding; Science-Industry Technology Transfer; Academic Careers}, language = {eng}, number = {153 [rev.]}, publisher = {D\"{u}sseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)}, title = {Flying the nest: How the home department shapes researchers' career paths}, type = {DICE Discussion Paper}, url = {_URL_ year = {2015} }


text:
Interviewing Children About Past Events: Evaluating the NICHD Interview Protocol
This study, conducted by the NICHD in collaboration with Lancaster University in Lancaster, England, will evaluate the accuracy of information obtained from children using AN ADAPTED VERSION OF NICHD's interview protocol. The NICHD protocol was developed to help forensic interviewers OBTAIN INFORMATION FROM children who may be victims of or witnesses to a crime ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCES. This study does not involve forensic interviews, but is DESIGNED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION FROM children ABOUT an event that takes place at their school. The study will examine how children report a brief interaction with an unfamiliar adult, how the memory of the event changes over time, and how the use of different interview techniques can help children give a fuller and more accurate accounts of past experiences.
Children 5 and 6 years of age who attend local schools in the Lancaster, England, area may be eligible for this study. Participants will be told that they are going to have their pictures taken and will be escorted by a researcher to a room at the school with another researcher who is posing as a photographer. The "photographer" and the child will put on a costume, such as a pirate's outfit, over their street clothes, helping each other put on pieces of the costume. The photographer will take pictures of the child in the costume. They will each take off the costumes and the child will be told that he or she will receive the photographs at a later time. Another researcher posing as a photographer will come into the room, interrupting the event, and begin to argue with the first photographer about who had booked the equipment. They will resolve the argument and apologize to the child for the interruption.
About 6 weeks after the event, the children will be interviewed using the ADAPTED VERSION OF NICHD interview protocol. Half will be interviewed first about the staged event (the photo session), followed by an interview about a fictitious event (e.g., a class visit to the fire station) that could plausibly have happened but did not. The other half of the children will be interviewed first about the fictitious event and then about the staged event. The children will be interviewed according to one of the following three procedures:
- The NICHD protocol preceded by a rapport-building phase that includes the rules of the interview and open-ended questions about the child and a recently experienced event
- The NICHD protocol preceded by a rapport-building phase that includes the rules of the interview and direct questions about the child and a recently experienced event, or
- The NICHD protocol preceded by the rules of the interview and open-ended questions about the child, but no opportunity to practice talking about a recently experienced event.
After the interviewer has elicited as much information as is likely to be gained from verbal questions, he or she will present the child with a line drawing of a gender neutral person and ask the child to indicate where the child was touched by the photographer and where the child touched the photographer. Any child who provides a report of the fictitious event will be interviewed in the same way about the fictitious event. After 1 year, the children will be interviewed again in the same manner as the 6-week interview.
The interviews will be audioand videotaped to record the kind of information the children talk about and compare it to what actually happened in the event.
|Official Title:||Evaluating the NICHD Interview Protocol in an Analog Study|
|Study Start Date:||January 2004|
|Estimated Study Completion Date:||October 2006|
The NICHD interview protocol was designed to aid forensic interviewers in adhering to best standards of practice when interviewing children. Field studies evaluating its use have demonstrated improvements in both interviewer behavior, and the amount and quality of information obtained from children, compared to interviews conducted prior to its implementation in test sites. Because field studies were conducted in forensic settings, however, it has not been possible to evaluate the protocol's effect on the accuracy of information reported by children. This present study therefore aims to evaluate the accuracy of information obtained using the NICHD interview protocol in an analog study. In addition the study is designed to explore children's willingness to provide details of a suggested, non-experienced event, and the effectiveness of including a human figure drawing as an auxiliary technique for eliciting further information. Furthermore, we will explore the importance of the pre-substantive/rapport-building phase of interviews, and the impact this has on children's reports of experienced and suggested events. Finally, we will explore the effectiveness of the interview protocol with children when a long delay has occurred between the event and the interview.
Children will take part, individually, in a staged event at their school, and approximately six weeks later, be interviewed at the university about what they experienced. In addition, children will be asked to talk about a suggested fictitious event (one that has not happened). The order of the interviews will be counter-balanced across children and rapport-building conditions. Some children will be interviewed with an open-ended script that includes practice in episodic memory, some with a script made up of direct questions, including a practice in episodic memory, and some with one that uses open-ended questions but does not provide practice in talking about an event from episodic memory. Approximately one year later children will be interviewed again, so that we can examine children's reports in protocol interviews over a long delay. Children's reports will be analyzed for both overall amount and accuracy of information reported, as well as in response to the different cues and props given in the course of the interview. It is not anticipated that the study will pose any risks to the children involved, and we expect that both the staged event and the interviews will be enjoyable and stimulating. We expect that the results of the study will provide further support for the use of NICHD interview as a safe and effective means of interviewing children about past experiences. In addition to general information on children's eyewitness capabilities, the study is expected to supplement field studies by contributing knowledge about the accuracy of children's memory using the NICHD interview protocol.
|United States, Maryland|
|National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)|
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892|


August 23rd individuals fall under the sun sign Virgo. Browse through this article for a list of famous people born on 23rd August and also know more about their personality traits.
The profound influence of the planet Mercury determines the basic probabilities of the nature and characteristic of individuals born on August 23rd. The planet not only rules the zodiacal group, but also governs the particular date. As such, these people display typical personality traits of efficiency, dexterity and observance. They are highly generous, creative, charming and sincere with a yearning for knowledge and information. What is the most unique trait of these people is their innate ability to perceive any situation quickly and then act on it almost immediately. August 23rd individuals love to travel and are adventurous by nature. However, they can turn out to be self-centered, aloof and snappy at times.
Barbara EdenBarbara Eden
Eugene Curran KellyEugene Curran Kelly
02 February 1996
Julian CasablancasJulian Casablancas
New York City
Keith John MoonKeith Moon
07 September 1978
Kobe BryantKobe Bryant
(Basketball player)
Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France
(King of France)
21 January 1793
Palace of Versailles
Luis de MatosLuis de Matos
Natalie CoughlinNatalie Coughlin
Vallejo, California
Akhmad KadyrovAkhmad Kadyrov
09 May 2004
Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, USSR
John Sherman CooperJohn Sherman Cooper
21 February 1991
Nelson DeMilleNelson DeMille
River Jude PhoenixRiver Jude Phoenix
31 October 1993
William Jacob Will CuppyWilliam Jacob Will Cuppy
19 September 1949
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Personality Traits & Characteristic of Famous People Born on August 23
Perfectionists of sorts, individuals born on August 23rd are versatile folks with a penchant for creativity and ingenuity. Ruled by the planet Mercury, the ruler of both the zodiacal group and the actual day, these people have an analytical mind and a rational approach to life. This practicality often overshadows the caring, sensitive and compassionate temperament of these people. The observant nature, charming personality and sophisticated taste of these people make them unique and distinctive. Adding to this is their generous and sincere nature that makes these individuals have a positive and productive outlook towards life and people. August 23rd individuals have great communication skills and are gifted speakers.
Emotional imbalance disrupts the smooth functioning and the healthy being of individuals born on August 23rd. Since these individuals do not express themselves well, the bottled up emotions does more harm than good for their overall health. An emotionally upsetting situation can cause hindrance in the vitality of these people. However, due to their fondness for exercises, individuals with this birthday hardly go out of shape. The only thing that they need to regulate is their intake of sugar in the diet.
What makes August 23rd people distinct from their fellow beings is the fact that they can manage well in any type of financial situation. As such, having a petty income or a wholesome one hardly matters for August 23rd individuals. However, if blessed with an above average income, these people are extremely generous and believe in sharing their fortune with others.
An August 23rd born does not plunge into the job easily. In fact, it takes a whole lot of things to capture the attention of people born on this date. These individuals look for a profession that mentally stimulates them. Changes and challenges should be a vital part of the profile to keep these individuals going. These people are endowed with an eye for detail and are truly efficient and capable. Unlike others, they are happy to work in a team or group rather than alone but are most efficient when placed in the position of a team leader.
Relationships, Marriage & Children
Romantically, August 23rd individuals are enthusiastic about love and romance and are keen on commitment. Though they may appear to be unemotional, rigid and fiercely independent folks on the surface, these people seek for a partner with whom they can share their actual inner self. True love, respect, friendship and equality are qualities they want in their relationship with their partner. A lesser known fact is that August 23rd individuals are great listeners, which come in handy while maintaining a blissful alliance with their partner. They are also immensely thoughtful, kind, loyal and devoted. Parenting comes naturally to those born on this date. If they aren't blessed with their own children, they are likely to enjoy with youngsters by enrolling themselves at humanitarian or charitable organizations.
Lucky Color: Green
Lucky Days (of the month): 5, 14, 15, 25
Famous People By


AppSec Blog
AppSec Blog
Top 25 Series - Rank 7 - Path Traversal
In October 2001, the site was just about a year old, I was alerted to a flood of reports hitting the site. Looking at the reports in more detail, I found out that most of them are due to blocked ICMP packets being reported to the site. Further investigation revealed that the reports where due to a new worm, later dubbed "Nimda" [1]. The Nimda worm was the latest exploitation of a path traversal in IIS. This particular path traversal was probably the highest impact instance of this basic coding flaw.
What had happened? Path traversal (CWE #22) [2] is a vulnerability allowing an attacker to specify a path outside of a restricted "safe" directory. Typically, this involves the use of ".." to move up in the directory tree outside of the intended location. Lets look at some example pseudo code to illustrate the issue. For example, we use a little "wrapper" script to provide access control for static PDF files. The PDF files live in "/pdf". Our (pseudo) code would look like this:
if ( checkUserAccess($sFilename) ) {
Here, we check if the user has access to the file, if that is the case, we just append the user provided file name to the static directory path and retrieve the file. An exploit would pass a filename like "../etc/password", which would retrieve the file /etc/password.
The key to preventing this exploit is to normalize paths before retrieving the file, or validating the file name to avoid directory traversal. A safe filename should not allow "..", and most likely shouldn't allow "/" (or "\" on windows systems) either. A "/" may be allowed if access is provided to subdirectories.
There are a number of other means to prevent directory traversal, which can be summarized in a few steps:
- during the design phase, try to limit the path to a simple directory and easy to validate filename ("alpha numeric"). This will ease implementation later.
- setting up the system, the impact of a path traversal can be limited by limiting permissions so the application can only read files from "safe" directories.
- the file name has to be normalized before being validated.
- next the file name needs to be validated (easy if we limit ourselves to alpha-numeric names).
- finally, after concatenating the path to the filename, we verify that the file is still inside the proposed directory.
PHP for example has a "realpath" function which will resolve all ".." style directory traversal and return a normalized path. However, be aware that the path is only returned if the file exists on the system the code is run. If not, an empty string is returned.
So what was the big deal in July 2001? The problem was a directory traversal in IIS 5. A web server should only retrieve files located in its document root. IIS checked for urls like "". However, it converted unicode characters AFTER validating the file name, not before validating the file name.
One of the URLs used by Nimda was: GET /scripts/..%255c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir. The '%255c' part is the Unicode representation of a backslash. The particular vulnerability was made worse by the IIS feature to execute code if the URL starts with "/script" (similar to "cgi-bin" in Apache). The example above will execute 'cmd.exe' and return a directory listing. This could be use to verify the vulnerability and then execute more malicious code on the system.
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How to Keep Clean After Diarrhea
Toilet Paper Can Be Painful, But There Are Other Ways To Keep Clean
Squeeze bottle squirting water
Any type of a bottle that squirts water can be used to clean your bottom without hurting the skin further with paper. Image © George Diebold / Getty Images
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents many challenges to those who deal with the disease. One of the everyday problems that can be a real annoyance is how to keep the perianal skin (the skin around the anus) clean. Diarrhea, in particular, can present several different problems with keeping the bottom clean, especially when it is continuing and happening many times a day. Other complications such as fissures and fistulas can add to the discomfort.
Wiping with toilet paper, even if it's soft, can quickly result in raw and very painful skin.
What Are Some Options For Keeping Clean?
Most of us do not have access to one of the more advanced methods of cleaning a dirty bottom, which would be a bidet. A few of the other options to keep clean include getting in the bathtub and taking a shower or a bath, using wet wipes, or even washing with a damp cloth. Most of these include wiping, and if your bottom is sore, it probably won't be pleasant. However, another method that does not include any wiping at all could be as close as your medicine or kitchen cabinet.
A Squeeze Bottle To The Rescue
If you are experiencing pain in skin on your bottom and need a way to keep clean, you could try using a squeeze bottle full of warm water. Often these handy little bottles are offered to women after they have given birth, and are used for cleaning the perianal skin.
You could use any squeeze bottle you have on hand, such as those used for nasal irrigation (sometimes called neti pots), or even a water bottle with a "sports" cap on it.
Don't forget: you should label the bottle in some way, with indelible ink, to avoid this particular bottle being confused with one that could be used for drinking or for any other purpose.
This bottle should be designated just for use in cleaning up after a bowel movement.
Fill your bottle with warm water from the tap, and hold it below your bottom when you are finished with your bowel movement, but before you stand up. Squeeze the water anywhere it is needed, and the water will end up in the toilet, where you can just flush it away.
Once you are clean, you can dry off either by carefully blotting (not wiping!) the area with paper or with a soft towel. Another option is to use your blow dryer. Be extra careful if you use this method, and ensure that your hands are dry and that you are not getting the blow dryer in contact with water in any way.
Keeping Your Squeeze Bottle Clean
You will want to keep this bottle clean so that it doesn't end up with bacteria on it. Washing it in the bathroom sink with some dish soap should do the trick nicely. You could also wipe it down with antibacterial wipes. You might want to avoid washing the bottle in the kitchen sink so there's no chance of getting bathroom bacteria in the kitchen.
 To sanitize, first wash it with soap and water and then put it on the top rack of the dishwasher, as long as it's not made of the type of plastic that will melt in the heat.
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text:
The sphere of life necklace is a powerful symbol that can be used to represent your life. Its significance can be seen in many cultures worldwide, and it has been used as a talisman for centuries. If you are looking for an emblem of positivity, this necklace will help you feel hopeful about the future!
This article includes three main points:
1) sphere of life meaning and symbolism
Sphere of life meaning and symbolism: The sphere symbolizes the world, which includes all aspects of your life. It represents how everything in your sphere affects you as well as those around you. Your thoughts, feelings, emotions are like waves that flow out from you into the wider sphere.
2) sphere of life origins
Sphere of life origins: One origin is that sphere amulets were used to protect against the evil eye in ancient Greece and Rome. The sphere also represents unity, wholeness, or completeness.
The sphere symbolizes the connections we have with others and our environment.
3) sphere of life jewelry
In the Cerrone store, you can find a sphere of life necklace Australia of your choosing.
Wear one of the most potent symbols with a beautiful necklace any time of the day. Get your sphere of life necklace now.


text:
This item was on the 10-2011 LoAR
1: Armegardj Sigurdsdottir - New Name
Submitter desires a feminine name.
Culture most important.
Armegardj - A version of Ermengard dated to 1383 from _URL_
Sigurdsdottir - Found in "Vanhat nimityyppimme (Finnish Names)" by Rouva Gertrud at _URL_
Also, St. Gabriel Report #1799 (_URL_ states: "The name was extremely popular in Norway and Iceland right through the Middle Ages in a variety of forms; the modern appeared by about 1300. The <ð> stands for the Norse letter "edh". The genitive form was originally , making the patronymic . However, we have found in 1346, so the patronymic byname would be appropriate after then." Source: Lind, E.H., _Norsk-Isla:ndska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn fra*n Medeltiden_ (Uppsala & Leipzig: _PHONE_, sup. Oslo, Uppsala and Kobenhavn: 1931)
The patronymic surname is constructed in accordance with practices outlined in Geirr-Bassi "Old Norse Name" regarding construction of patronymics.
The statement for the byname based on the Finnish name article is not quite accurate as the form Sigurdsdottir does not appear in that article, only the masculine given name Sigurd in the name of Sigurd Whenapha dated to 1379. The examples in that article never use the western Scandinavian form -dottir but note that patronymics can be formed either entirely from Finnish forms or at times using Swedish names and patronymic elements with the example of Maijsa Lucija dotter given which clearly shows the Swedish form -dotter. As documented, the name appears by precedent to be a step from period practice because of the admixture of the Swedish given name with the byname which uses forms that appear to be primarily Old Norse given the patronymic suffix used in the byname. (Per Friedemann's article "Swedish Feminine Given Names from SMP" cited for the given name, a fully Swedish patronymic form would use either dotter or dotther.) I strongly suspect that, given the statements in the Finnish name argument, you could remove the step from period practice by changing the byname to Sigurds dotter (one letter and not much sound change) either separately as in the examples or coalesced by dropping the space.


text:
Icelandic Is Essential to Getting Access to Society
"Having good command of Icelandic is the key to access to society and a prerequisite for people's wishes and dreams coming true," Helgi Gíslason, principal of Fellaskóli grade school in Breiðholt, Reykjavík, tells Morgunblaðið. "Good progress in school brings confidence, and that's how opportunities present themselves," he adds. "The basis for that is good command of Icelandic, which we put every effort into improving, along with the whole school community in the neighborhood."
Fellaskóli stands out among other Icelandic schools, due to its high ratio of students whose native language is not Icelandic. About 80 percent of the students, or 330 of them, are bilingual, meaning that either one or both parents are of foreign origin. Many immigrant families live in the multi-cultural Fellahverfi neighborhood.
A new initiative, called Draumaskólinn, meaning 'Dream School' has just been launched in the Fellahverfi neighborhood. It involves a three-year plan – a cooperative effort between students and staff of Fellaskóli grade school, with the participation of the Ministry of Education and the City of Reykjavík. It includes cooperation with the neighborhood preschools and recreational center as well.
The goal is to increase the ability of students whose native language is not Icelandic to read and speak Icelandic and to increase their vocabulary, thereby helping them develop a positive self-concept.
"The role of grade schools is manifold," Helgi states, "including educating students and encouraging their active participation in a diverse democratic society. This includes offering equal opportunity and facilities. Having obtained the same foundation and education, graduating students ought to have equal opportunities once they move on to further studies and work."


Recycling in the 19th Century!
laundry workers 19th century
During the 19th century, domestic life was very difficult indeed, and particularly so for the poor laundry workers in the BIG HOUSE at the time. They had the unenviable task of cleaning the "chamber pots" of their wealthy employers!! Apparently nothing was wasted at that time, and we thought we had invented the word "recycle"!! Not so! They were experts at recycling back then. Even the contents of the chamber pot were recycled! Not a pretty thought! The "liquid" content was very useful indeed, as due to the presence of "ammonia" this was reused in the laundry room to bleach the bed sheets! No more "50 Shades of Grey" for the occupants of the big house back then! Brings a whole new meaning to it all! I am sure we all remember seeing the chamber pot under the bed in our grandparents' house at one time or another, I know I certainly do. This is just another fascinating insight into the lives of our ancestors, and genealogy can really provide an indepth insight into how our ancestors lived and worked and the difficulties they faced every day!


text:
The BBC and Master Computer Public Domain Library
BASIC IV ROM Routines
Page Last Altered:
8FAE Execute next command line / program statement
Submitted by Steve Fewell
This routine has many entry points (depending on how the last statement finished and what needs to be done to tidy up
before the next statement can be executed. The entry points are listed between square brackets ().
Therefore, this routine may not necessarily be executed in the order described.
[&8FAE] Skip the rest of the line. This routine is called when a DATA keyword is found (as DATA statements are skipped
when reached and not executed (as the READ command controls how they are handled). It is also called when the DEF keyword
is found (as function and procedure definitions are not directly executed until they are called by an FN or PROC keyword).
This routine is also called when a REM keyword is found, to skip the rest of the line - as it is a comment line.
Additionally, this routine is also executed when a '*' command is found (the '*' command is first passed to the Operating
System OSCLI routine and then this routine skips the line - so that BASIC doesn't try to execute the '*' command.
The rest of the line is skipped as follows:
* Set A to #&0D (the end of line character - '').
* Set Y to the BASIC Text Pointer A offset (&0A) - 1.
* Keep incrementing Y and checking the character at BASIC Text pointer A (&0B-&0C) plus Y (offset) with the
character in A (the '' character) until the characters match.
* Call routine &9BBC to update the BASIC Text Pointer A address (to include the Y offset value) and to reset the offset
(&0A) to 1. (basically, this adds Y to the Text Pointer A address (&0B-&0C)).
[&8FBD] This routine checks whether the last character read (in A) is '', if it isn't then jump to &8FAE
to skip the rest of the line.
Now, we are at the end of the line (i.e. we have reached the '' character).
[&8FC1] If the BASIC Text pointer MSB address is #&07 then there are no more program lines to execute (as we were
executing a statement from the command line - and not from within a program), so jump to &8F86 to prompt for the next
command line input.
Set Y to #&01.
Load the next character (offset Y) from the BASIC text pointer A location.
If the character is negative (i.e. #&FF) then we have reached the end of the program, so jump to &8F86 to prompt
for the next command line input.
[&8FDB] Set the BASIC Text pointer A offset (location &0A) to #&04 (i.e. the first character of the program
If the TRACE flag (location &20) is on (i.e. it's value is not zero), then:
- * Set IWA to the Line number (MSB byte (&2B) = the first byte at BASIC Text pointer A (offset 1) and the LSB byte (&2A)
- = the second byte at BASIC text pointer A location (offset 2)).
- * Call routine &9C4B to display the TRACE line number (in the IWA) on the screen.
line - after the line number and line length).
Jump to &900D to execute the statement at the BASIC Text pointer A location.
[&8FEB] Check for special start statement characters '*', '=', 'EXT keyword' and '['
Set Y to the BASIC Text pointer A offset (location &0A) minus 1.
Load the character at the BASIC text pointer A location (plus offset - Y) (this should be the first character of the
If the character is '*' then jump to &8FA4 to execute the '*'-command.
If the character is '[' then set the OPT flag (location &28) to 3 (default setting) and jump to &8920 to begin
If the character is '=' then jump to &9060 to deal with returning from a function and setting the return variable's
If the character is 'EXT keyword' then jump to &BE93 to execute the 'EXT =' statement. Note: In BASIC 2, it was not
possible to assign a file length (EXT) value, only to read the EXT value; therefore, only 1 BASIC token exists for the 'EXT'
keyword (unlike PTR, PAGE, LOMEM and HIMEM which have 2 keyword tokens, one for the setting of the value (where the keyword
occurs before the '='), and one for the reading of the value (where the keyword occurs after the '=')).
When BASIC version 4 was written, there was not enough spare BASIC Keyword token values to have two 'EXT' keywords
(one for 'EXT =' and the other for '= EXT'), so this workaround directly tests for the 'EXT' keyword appearing at the
start of a statement (along with the other special start statement characters '*', '[' and '=') in order to distinguish between
the reading of the EXT value and the writing of the EXT value. The EXT address in the keyword execution address table points to
the EXT read (=EXT) routine - this is used when the EXT keyword is not at the start of the BASIC program statement.
[&9000-&9048] Execute the BASIC statement
[&9000] Decrement the BASIC Text pointer A offset (location &0A).
[&9002] Call routine &9BA6 to check for the end of statement ('Syntax error' if ':', '


What's Your Earliest Memory of Using a Computer?S
We all use computers every day, but at some moment in each of our lives, there was that first meeting. A first interface, if you will. You might not remember the real first time you used a computer, but there's got to be one shining gem of nostalgia that sticks out in your mind. What is it? When you look back on it now, is it laughable or just plain awesome? What was your first time like?
Image by Fer Gregory/Shutterstock


Causation and the origin of life. Metabolism or replication first?
Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (Impact Factor: 1.83). 07/2004; 34(3):307-21. DOI:10.1023/B:ORIG._PHONE_.51012.bc
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT The conceptual gulf that separates the'metabolism first' and'replication first' mechanisms for the emergence of life continues to cloud the origin of life debate. In the present paper we analyze this aspect of the origin of life problem and offer arguments in favor of the'replication first' school. Utilizing Wicken's two-tier approach to causation we argue that a causal connection between replication and metabolism can only be demonstrated if replication would have preceded metabolism. In conjunction with existing empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning, our analysis concludes that there is no substantive evidence for a'metabolism first' mechanism for life's emergence, while a coherent case can be made for the'replication first' group of mechanisms. The analysis reaffirms our conviction that life is an extreme expression of kinetic control, and that the emergence of metabolic pathways can be understood by considering life as a manifestation of'replicative chemistry'.
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Change cache settings for the storage array
For all volumes in the storage array, you can adjust the cache memory settings for flushing and block size.
About this task
Cache memory is an area of temporary volatile storage on the controller, which has a faster access time than the drive media. To tune cache performance, you can adjust the following settings:
 1. Select Settings > System.
 2. Scroll down to Additional Settings, and then click Change Cache Settings.
 The Change Cache Settings dialog box opens.
 3. Adjust the following values:
 - Start demand cache flushing – Choose a percentage that is appropriate for the I/O used in your environment. If you choose a value lower than 80%, you may notice decreased performance.
 - Cache block size – Choose a size that is appropriate for your applications.
 4. Click Save.


Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Sycamore School Statement of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
At Sycamore, we believe that all stakeholders have a shared responsibility for valuing and respecting the dignity, worth, and experiences of every person. Sycamore embodies a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion through our community, program, curriculum and instruction, and social-emotional practices. We honor differences in race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, family structure, physical abilities, socioeconomic status, and political and social values. Sycamore's core values of respect, moral courage, relationships, and empathy commit us to prepare students for a diverse and global society.


text: This study aims to investigate the factors regulating population size and colony distribution of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Cape Hallett. Data was collected on Adelie penguin reproductive effort and chick condition including total number of adults, number of breeding pairs, number of active nests, number of territories, number of unknown, nests with 1 or 2 eggs, nests with 1 or 2... chicks and the number of creche chicks. Satellite transmitters and time depth recorders were used to track individual penguins at sea to determine their foraging areas and strategies during the breeding season. Regurgitated food samples were collected for analysis. Chicks were selected randomly and were weighed and had their flipper length measured to calculate a chick condition index which is comparable between years and between the rookeries. Feeding frequency and reproductive effort was determined from chick feeding observations.


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Transparency International, Measuring and Monitoring Impact Movement-Wide
2013-Ongoing; Germany; Transparency International
Established in 2011, Transparency International's (TI) MEL unit is tasked with conceptualising, implementing and maintaining the organisation's overall monitoring, evaluation and learning system.
Broadly, the system focuses on three pillars; results, through monitoring the outcomes and results achieved through the organisation's programmatic work; performance, through monitoring standard organisational performance areas at the TI-Secretariat and Network levels; and impact, through monitoring the impact of the overall TI network.
The main objective of Itad's consultancy is to provide conceptual and technical support to the MEL unit in the conceptualisation, development and piloting of a Movement-wide approach to measuring and monitoring outcome and impact. Itad's team of three consultants is providing support in:
(1) Assessing the viability of having a Movement-wide approach to measuring and monitoring outcomes and impact. This includes scanning the sector as well as learning about the Secretariat and the Movement in order to understand whether such an approach would be suitable.
(2) Conceptualising a robust approach including the development of a strong underlying rationale, as well as a clear indication of the operationalisation potential, including resources' implications.
(3) Developing the necessary manuals, data protocols, tools, documents that facilitate implementation of the approach.
(4) Piloting the approach – this includes supporting the unit in the piloting of the approach at field and Chapter level.Image © Kenya Election Mural. Photo credit: Will Huen/Open Democracy


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Browsing Articles publicats (Psicologia) by Subject "HEXACO- 60"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Exploring the stability of HEXACO-60 structure and the association of Gender, Age, and Social Position with personality traits across 18 countries (Wiley, 2021-07-23)Objectivess: The present paper tests the cross-national stability of the HEXACO-60 structure across 18 countries from four continents. Gender and age differences across countries will be examined. Finally, this is the first...


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Properties of MTA+
MTA+ is especially recommended in:
- root canal wall perforation,
- intracanal resorption,
- filling of the posterior root apex,
- direct coating of the pulp,
- pulp amputation,
- treatment of teeth with interrupted root development.
- The high content of calcium ions remineralizes the tooth tissue
- Supports tissue regeneration after wall perforation and intracanal resorption.
- after mixing with the liquid, the working time is about 6-10 minutes and the material is fully bonded after 3-3,5 h.
Instructions for use:
Handling the product MTA+
1. Place on the mixing plate content of MTA+ powder from the glass vial and 1-2 drops of MTA+ liquid dosed by the pipette (pic.1 – pic.3).
2. Mix them within 30 sec until obtaining consistency of the wet sand (pic.4). If the consistency of mixture is too much dense or crumbly it is necessary to add next drop of the liquid (or distilled water).
3. Insert preparation into selected field by means of the amalgam carrier (pic.5). After mixing with MTA+ liquid (or distilled water) the prepared mixture should be used within 10 minutes after preparation.
Comparison of MTA grains taken with scanning microscope
MTA+ Cerkamed is characterized by the smallest grain size in comparison to materials of other manufacturers
Why the smaller grain is better?
- facilitates penetration of calcium ions to the demineralized tissue
- facilitates packing material in the application site
- facilitates preparation
- increases filling tightness
- increases material strength
- homogeneous and phasing of the material reduces setting time
Pic.1. Pictures of MTA+ Cerkamed grains taken with scanning microscope.
Visible grains with similar size and compact weight. Homogeneous structure facilitates preparation, material application and improves the tightness.
Pic. 2, Pic 3. Pictures of other MTA leaders on the market.
Visible the differences in grain sizes. Lack of homogeneous structure hinder the preparation and accurate application and decreases the filling tightness.
FOR PROFESSIONAL DENTAL USE ONLY


Landing Platform Helicopter
USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2)
Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) is the hull classification used by a number of the world's navies to designate a type of amphibious warfare ship designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of helicopter carrier.
Under the NATO Standardisation Agreement (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the United States Navy referred to its vessels within this classification as "Amphibious Assault Ships". Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. The RN now operates one vessel that it classifies as an LPH, HMS Ocean. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier HMS Illustrious also performed this role, but has now been decommissioned.
The LPH classification was used by the United States Navy for the amphibious assault ships of the Iwo Jima class, a converted Casablanca-class escort carrier and three converted Essex-class aircraft carriers. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the United States Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault ships.
Ships classified as LPH
Royal Navy
Royal Navy "Commando Carriers and "Amphibious Helicopter Carrier"s
United States Navy
Republic of Korea Navy
ROKS Dokdo
See also


Oyeku Ofun Temple
By Professor Wande Abimbola
By "Ifa divination" we mean Ifa and related systems of divination based on the stories and symbols of the Odu such as dida owo (divination with the sacred divining chain called opele) and etıte-ale (divination with the sacred palm nuts), eerındınlogun (divination with the sixteen cowries), agbigba (divination with a divining chain slightly different from opele), and obi (divination with kola nuts). The purpose of this essay is to examine the intimate connection of Osun with Ifa divination both in her own right as a person, and through the instrumentality of Osetuura, her son. We will start with the popular view of the involvement of Osun in Ifa divination which states that she got to know about Ifa through Orunmıla, her husband. In the later pages of this essay, I will make the claim that Osun has much more to do with the origins of Ifa divination than the babalawo (Ifa priests) are ready to admit. I will, indeed, put forward the hypothesis that the entire divination system of Ifa started from Osun from whom it got to Orunmıla and not the other way round. I will base my claims on verses of Ifa which give us hints to that effect. We will then examine the possibility that eerındınlogun is older than dida owo and etıte-ale which are probably later developments of Ifa divinations.
Let us begin with the popular view that Osun was introduced to Ifa divination by Orunmıla. Several verses of Ifa tell us about this. For example, a verse of Ogbe"Sa states that Orunmıla created the sixteen-cowry divination system and gave it to Osun as a reward for saving his life. In this particular verse, it was after Orunmila had created the sixteen cowrie system for Osun that both of them became married. But as will be seen later from another verse of Ifa, even though they were husband and wife, they did not live together in one place because it was not the custom for couples to live together at that time.
Let me now take some time to tell the story of Osun and Orunmıla as contained in Ogbe'Sa, especially because it relates to the importance of eerındınlogun in the Ifa divination system. The story goes as follows. It happened at a time that Olodumare summoned all the four hundred-and-one Orisa to Orun. But to their greatest surprise, the Orısa encountered a group of wicked "cannibals" in heaven (probably witches known to the Yoruba as aje) who started to kill and eat up the Orısa one by one. But since Orunmıla had performed sacriﬁce before he left earth, he was miraculously saved by Osun who successfully hid Orunmıla from the cannibals, and substituted goat meat for the ﬂesh of Orunmıla which the cannibals had planned to eat on that particular day.
When both Osun and Orunmıla returned to the earth, they became much closer than ever before. It was probably at this time that Orunmıla and Osun became husband and wife. Orunmila then decided to reward Osun for saving his life, and that was how he put together the sixteen-cowry system of divination and taught Osun how to use it. Let me now quote a short portion of this verse of Ogbe'Sa. It goes as follows:
This was how Orunmıla and Osun became close.
Orunmıla said that the good turn which she did for him
Was an exceptional one.
He wondered what he should do in return.
This was the most important reason why Orunmıla
Created the sixteen cowries.
He then handed them to Osun.
Of all the Orısa who use sixteen cowries,
There is none who had it before Osun.
It was Ifa who gave it to Osun.
And asked her to cast it
And use it as another form of divination.
This was what Ifa used to reward Osun.
That is why the relationship between Ifa and Osun
Is such that nobody else can know
What is between the two of them.
Orunmıla then got married to Osun.
Of the several forms of divination,
Eerındınlogun is next in rank to Ifa.
According to this particular story in Ogbe'Sa, even though Orunmıla was the one who created eerındınlogun, this system of divination later received its own ase from Olodumare. It happened as follows:
Every sixteen years
Olodumare, Olofin of Orun,used to
Subject diviners of earth to a test
To ﬁnd out whether they were telling lies to the inhabitants of the earth Or whether they were telling the truth.
This test involved
Calling on Orunmıla and other diviners of the earth.
Olodumare would say that he wanted to see all of them.
When they arrived,
Olodumare would ask them to divine for him.
So, Olodumare asked Orunmıla to divine for him.
When Orunmıla ﬁnished divining,
Olodumare asked, "Who is next?"
Orunmıla said that the next person was his partner
Who was a woman.
Olodumare then answered,
"Is she also a diviner?"
To which Orunmıla replied, "That is true."
Olodumare then asked her to divine for him.
When Osun examined Olodumare,
She hit on all those things in his mind.
But she did not say it in full.
She mentioned the gist
But she did not tell the root of the matter like Ifa.
Olodumare asked Orunmıla,
"What is this one?"
Orunmıla then explained to Olodumare
How he honored Osun with the sixteen cowries.
Olodumare said, "It is all right."
He further said that even though she did not go into details,
He, Olodumare gave his assent to it.
He added, "From today on and forever,
Even if what eerındınlogun says may not be detailed,
Anybody who disbelieves it
Would see the consequences instantly.
It must not wait till the following day."
This is why the predictions of eerındınlogun come to pass quickly
Even though the stories may not be impressive.
That was how eerındınlogun received ase
Directly from Olodumare.
Osetuura and Ifa Divination Sacriﬁce
We will now turn our attention to myths of Ifa divination which tell us about the importance of Osun in Yoruba religion generally and how Osetuura became the representative of Osun in Yoruba divination and sacriﬁce. The full story goes as follows:
When the Orısa ﬁrst came to the earth, they must have arrived in waves—not all the four hundred-and-one Orısa arrived at once. In any case, according to this myth from the Odu Ose Otura, there were only seventeen Orısa in the ﬁrst party, and Osun was the seventeenth. Olodumare gave instructions to the Orısa about what they should do as soon as they arrived on earth to make the young earth a pleasant place to live. They carried out all the instructions without involving Osun in any of their activities. The result was that things did not go well for them... Rain did not fall. There was illness, bitterness, and restlessness all over the earth. Let us quote a few lines from this Odu at this juncture:
When they arrived on earth,
They created a sacred forest for Oro.
They created a sacred forest for Opa.
They made a small road leading to Ife.
They sent people to make okun beads.
They sent people to make brass objects.
But nobody involved Osun in anything.
Whereas Osun was the person taking care of them
Giving them food and other things.
All the things which the Orı.a were doing, none was successful.
They prayed for rain, but it did not rain.
Bitterness engulfed the earth.
Restlessness took over the streets of the city.
They exclaimed "Did Olodumare tell us a lie?
What is this?
We are doing everything according to his instructions."
The Orısa then decided to send Orunmıla to Olodumare to ﬁnd out what actually happened. When Orunmıla got to Olodumare, he stated the problem. He said that they were living on earth in accordance with the instructions of Olodumare, but to their greatest surprise nothing they did on earth was good. Olodumare then asked whether they involved the only woman among them in all they were doing. But Orunmıla replied that since she was a woman, they did not involve her. To which Olodumare replied as follows:
Olodumare said that he was a creator
But he would never create any person or thing twice.
He told Orunmıla


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Kansas City History
Mon May 21, 2012
Reconsidering The Legacy Of KC's Champion Cakewalker
Every month, the staff of the Kansas City Museum asks a local expert in some field to talk about a piece from the museum's collection for its Community Curator program.
This month's talk is by Glenn North, the poet-in-residence at the American Jazz Museum, and it focuses on a painting that made North uncomfortable at first.
The painting depicts the champion cakewalker William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown, known popularly in Kansas City as "Doc Brown." (Cakewalking is a kind of dance that originated on slave plantations in the 18th century, and was popular through the 19th – more about that in a bit.)
The Portrait of Joseph "Doc" Brown(1896), by local African American painter Millard C. Haywood, depicts the former slave in a long suit, tipping his top hat and smiling.
"Initially, I was uncomfortable in that part of African American history," North said. "We talk about minstrelsy and some of the things that were forced on black entertainers at the time for them to have to act, to kind of step and fetch, and jive and shuffle."
Cakewalking has its roots in southern slave plantations. According to North, white land-owners would hold social functions where they'd dance ballroom dances like the minuet. Slaves would watch and then mock those dances at their own parties. Whites grew to like the parody and began to hold dance competitions for their slaves. The prize for the winning couple would be a cake. (That's where expressions like "She takes the cake," or something easy being "a cakewalk" or "a piece of cake" comes from.)
"Eventually, white people then started wearing blackface in minstrel shows and would poke fun at how black people danced, so there's this weird history associated with it," North said. "But what I think is the most interesting thing is that even during times of severe oppression, black cultural expression becomes important because of how we're able to express rebellion."
Joseph "Doc" Brown became a popular Kansas City personality in the late 19th century, and his life was extensively documented by the Kansas City Star, at a time, North writes, "events in the black community were not considered newsworthy."
Kansas City Kansas composer Charles Leslie Johnson wrote a ragtime hit in 1899 called Doc Brown's Cake Walk (it's the background music in the audio version of this story – just click listen above). Composer John Philip Sousa heard the tune when traveling through Kansas City and began performing it nation-wide.
After North researched the history of Brown's life and cakewalking, his reaction to the painting changed. He writes in his essay for the Community Curator series:
I am forced to reconsider my original thoughts about the painting and I am confronted with its quiet beauty. Perhaps rather than portraying the stereotypical docile Negro on canvas, Haywood was able to capture the essence of a consummate showman. It seems that although Doc Brown's back is bent in the painting, it housed a spine as sturdy and erect as the red brick wall behind him. The confident smile and wave of his top hat lets me know that "Doc" Brown endured slavery, laughed in the face of injustice, possum trotted above racism, kangaroo hopped over poverty and cakewalked beyond the specter of minstrelsy into a class of his own. Yes, History is a tricky thing for black folks. It is often times a source of pain and shame. But people like Doctor William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown provide these incredible occasions when history offers us joy and pride.
Glenn North will be talking about "Doc Brown" and cakewalking as part of the Kansas City Museum's Community Curator Series on Tuesday, May 22, 2012 at 6:30pm at Union Station. See videos of past Community Curator lectures here.


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How to Prep Vegetables with a Food Processor
While we definitely think that home cooks should develop their knife skills, we can all use a little assist in the ingredient prep stage of a recipe, especially when we have to chop, dice, slice, and/or shred our way through a laundry list of components.
The detailed lineup of ingredients in many vegetable-centric main dishes can make these recipes seem intimidating, and often different vegetables need to be prepared in different ways. Luckily, a good food processor permits you to put down your knives (and your mandoline and your grater)—the food processor will act as your prep cook. You'll get more uniform results while saving time, energy, and your sanity.
Here are a few tricks we've discovered for making vegetable (and other ingredient) prep easier in the food processor:
1. The Slicing Disk Is Your Best Friend
Some food processors have adjustable blades so you can change the thickness of the slices. You can also purchase smaller or larger slicing disks for most models. The way you feed ingredients into the processor affects the slices, so pay attention to the orientation of the ingredient in the feed tube. Slicing works best with firm ingredients, so we prefer tightly packed greens, like the heart of romaine (see below). You can also roll greens like kale to create a tightly packed bundle for slicing.
Slicing Romaine with food processor
2. Choose the Right Feed Tube
Many food processors come with a small and large feed tube. Choosing the appropriate size for your ingredients will help you pack them tightly; you'll get cleaner, more consistent results if they don't have room to move around. Whole potatoes, onions, and big pieces like wedges of cabbage benefit from the larger tube, while smaller amounts of narrower carrots, zucchini, and celery work best in the smaller one.
3. When In Doubt, Underprocess
Our best advice for chopping in the processor is to err on the side of underprocessing—you can always give the ingredients another pulse to chop them more finely, but you can't go back. For this precise reason, we tend to use the pulse function instead of the processing function when chopping, grinding, or mincing ingredients in the food processor. Pulsing food offers more control than processing it; the food is chopped more evenly because the ingredients are redistributed—akin to stirring—with every pulse. This allows you more control over the final texture, as with something like Cauliflower Rice.
Processing cauliflower in the food processor
4. Trim the Ingredients and Use Steady Pressure
Depending on the size of your ingredient, you may need to do some trimming before placing it in the feed tube. Use steady pressure when pushing food through the tube into the blades. If you're slicing several different ingredients that will ultimately be combined, you can even put them all into the feed tube together.
5. Shredding Disk Easy Cleaning
The shredding disk can shred all kinds of ingredients into small, even pieces. You can power through pounds of potatoes and other firm ingredients (like carrots) in just seconds. To make cleanup easier, spray the feed tube, disk, and workbowl with a light coating of vegetable oil spray before you begin to keep the ingredients from gumming up the shredding disk.