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Thornton, David W. (2003) "The European aeronautic defense and space company (EADS): A new dimension of European cooperation?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
This paper examines the creation, development and current role of the European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADS) in the European and global aerospace and defense sectors. It describes the political and economic context surrounding the creation of leaders by the rapid and thorough consolidation of the U.S. defense-industrial base following the end of the Cold War. The structure, operations and product line of EADS are then discussed in connection to ongoing trends in the European and global markets for defense equipment. Finally, the significance of EADS is assessed in relation to political and institutional developments within the European Union intended to promote effective cooperation in the realms of foreign policy and defense equipment procurement.
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FMS(Flexible Manufacturing Systems)
1. FMS Introduction.
What is the FMS? It is made of unified information control System, material storage and transportation system and a set of numerical control processing equipment. It is able to adapt to the varies of processing object, automatic machinery manufacturing system (Flexible Manufacturing System) In simple terms, the flexible manufacturing system is based on NC machine tools or machining centers, with the production system of robot. This system could realize automatic control by computer, replace artificial production, it can meet many kinds of processing in the case of non-stop.
2. FMS Advantage.
*Faster, lowercost changes from one part to another which will improve capital utilization.
*Lower direct labor cost, due to the reduction in number of workers.
*Reduced inventory, due to the planning and programming precision.
*Consistent and better quality, due to the automated control.
*Lower cost/unit of output, due to the greater productivity using the same number of workers.
*Savings from the indirect labor, from reduced errors, rework, repairs and rejects
3. FMS Configuration.
There many choices for the FMS based on the customers' requirements. The most simple one is one CNC machine + one robot. CNC machine does the workpiece manufacture, robot does the workpiece loading and laying-off.
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John Brookfield's Grip Tips
Brick Bent Over Rows
John Brookfield's Grip Tips
By John Brookfield
Author of Mastery of Hand Strength, Training with
Cables for Strength,
The Grip Master's Manual, and Real-World Conditioning
Brick Bent Over Rows
Here is a jewel of a movement that will develop functional strength in the entire upper body. When I say "upper body," I mean it. Not only are your chest and back worked, but also your arms, wrists and fingers.
Start by placing a row of bricks on the ground in front of you. The bricks need to be pushed tightly together as in the photo. The type of bricks and the weight of the bricks don't really matter. I will let you decide what kind and how many to use. Once you have experimented and found the right amount, bend over, and with your hands on the ends of the row, squeeze the bricks inward while lifting them off the ground. Pull or row them upward and touch your upper body with the bricks while you remain bent over. Lower them back towards the ground and start the rowing movement again. I prefer to keep the bricks from touching the ground throughout the entire set. This way the constant inward squeezing is continuous, giving you a greater workout. This exercise will give your chest a tremendous workout in a way you have probably never experienced before. I like to do about eight or ten repetitions with this rowing movement. I also go pretty slowly throughout the movement. Remember that you must use constant inward pressure to keep the bricks from falling.
This exercise can also be used as a feat of strength or even as a challenge lift if you wish to.
You will quickly notice that the longer the row of bricks, the harder the lift becomes, mainly because with the longer rows, your arms are wider apart and away from your body.
If you want to use this exercise to develop pure strength, continue by adding more bricks onto the top of the bricks on the bottom row. The more bricks that are placed on top, the harder the lift becomes. Also, if the extra bricks are placed in the center of the row, it will require more strength, as the bricks in the center on top are trying to push the center of the bottom row to the ground. Remember, it is not the weight of the bricks, but the force which must be exerted inward that makes this brick lift demanding.
This lift is superb for those who are stone lifters, because it develops great crushing strength in the upper body. It will enable the stone lifter to bear hug heavy stones tightly against his body.
CoC_UPS_130 MILO22.1-Cover-Facebook180-1 1411-13_f


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The filter wheel preceding the dielectric beam splitter in each FGS contains five 42mm diameter slots. Four of these slots house filters-F550W, F583W, F605W and F5ND-while the fifth slot houses the PUPIL stop. This stop helps restore the S-Curve morphology throughout the FOV of each FGS by blocking out the outer 1/3 perimeter of the spherically aberrated primary mirror. The filter selection for each FGS, their central wavelengths, and widths are listed in the table below. The transmission curves (filters and PUPIL) and PMT efficiencies are given in the figures below.
Figure 1. FGS1r Filter Transmission Curves:
Figure 2. PMT Efficiency:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Implications of radial head hemiarthroplasty dish depth on radiocapitellar contact mechanics
Journal of Hand Surgery
URL with Digital Object Identifier
© 2015 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Purpose To investigate the effect of radial head implant dish depth on radiocapitellar joint contact mechanics. Methods Computed tomography images of 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were reconstructed into 3-dimensional finite element models with accurate cartilage geometry. Native humeri were paired with the corresponding native radial heads and axisymmetric radial head prosthesis models of the following dish depths: 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm. Radiocapitellar contact mechanics were quantified at 4 different flexion angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) with a 100-N axial load applied to the radial head using a modeling protocol previously validated by cadaveric studies. The radial head was permitted to translate freely to its optimal position while the humerus was fully constrained. Output variables were contact area and peak contact stress. Results All prostheses had significantly decreased contact area and increased peak contact stress at all flexion angles relative to the native radiocapitellar joint. Contact area increased with prosthesis dish depth until reaching a plateau with a predicted local maximum at a mean depth of 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. Peak contact stress was elevated for both the shallowest and deepest models and reached a predicted local minimum at a mean depth of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm. Conclusions Contact area and peak contact stress were dependent on radial head prosthesis dish depth. There was an optimal implant dish depth for radiocapitellar contact mechanics at approximately 2 mm. Clinical relevance Optimizing radiocapitellar contact mechanics using rigorous and systematic prosthesis design techniques may lead to better clinical outcomes due to reduced capitellar cartilage degradation.


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What's the correct term?
As Mari-Lou has said, puréed is probably the best term, and the one most often used today:
Baby food is normally puréed.
However, if you want a word with a Germanic root, rather than a loan-word, then you could use mashed:
Baby food is normally mashed.
Older recipe books (printed before the advent of food processors) would probably use mashed instead of puréed, and the term mashed is still used in traditional British cooking. For example: mashed potatoes, bangers and mash.
mash verb [WITH OBJECT]
Reduce (a food or other substance) to a pulpy mass by crushing it:
- 'mash the beans to a paste'
- 'mashed banana'
Mush (or the adjective mushy) is usually the first word that comes to my mind when I think of any baby food. It's a slightly derogatory word that an older child or adult might say if he or she were served with some creamy but tasteless mass of food.
- any thick, soft mass.
If the OP wants the correct descriptive term for baby food, there is only one choice. It is purée or pureed, it is the standard, and positive term that especially describes homemade baby food.
Puree (or spelled purée) is a French loanword that has been used in English for over three hundred years, long before the invention of the electric blender.
1. a cooked food, especially a vegetable or fruit, that has been put through a sieve, blender, or the like.
verb (used with object), puréed, puréeing.
- McGrady pureed organic fruits and veggies for William and Harry
Comparing pureed fruit (blue line), mashed fruit (red), sieved fruit (green), and ground fruit (yellow) Ngram produces the following results.
"to Puree" is the technical term which describes the process of making a substance like baby food.
"Baby food is a Puree" is a true statement no matter how you look at it, is not derogatory and is well know and widely used.
I wouldn't recommend using the word "pap" as I am a native speaker who has a girlfriend with kids and I have never heard it. Also if you were to google it, you might understand how it could be an embarrassing word to be misunderstood using while using it.
No, it's not mush (which applies to many things that are not baby food), and although it is definitely puréed or mashed, so are many other foods.
If you're looking for a word to describe it, that word is
1. Soft or semiliquid food, as for infants.


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The Online Teacher Resource
'Smilies' are small graphical images that can be used to convey an emotion or feeling.
If you have used email or internet chat, you are likely familiar with the smilie concept.
Certain standard strings are automatically converted into smilies.
Try twisting your head on one side if you do not 'get' smilies;
using a bit of imagination should reveal a face of some description.
If you want to disable smilies in a post that you make, you can select the 'Disable Smilies' option when posting. This is particularly useful if you are posting program code and you do not want ;) converted to a smilie face!
|What to Type||Resulting Graphic||Meaning|
|:p||Stick Out Tongue|
|:rolleyes:||Roll Eyes (Sarcastic)|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Can small changes make big improvements in English fluency?
By 31 August 2020 Video lessons No Comments
improvements in English fluency
This is Video #3 of the series "Intermediate to advanced English, with virtual immersion & tiny habits". In this video, we'll see how tiny "1%" changes in your English can create big improvements in your fluency, confidence, and credibility.
If you missed Videos #1 & #2, here they are again:
 1. Stuck on the intermediate plateau in English?
 2. Create your Virtual Immersion routine in English [SAMPLE PLAN]
Last time, we talked about the concept of virtual immersion. You saw a concrete example of a virtual immersion plan for one day.
And you saw that, it's possible to do English during your day, even if you're busy. (Of course, it's much easier if someone tells you exactly what you need to do! That's why I gave you the plan 😉
When you make tiny changes over time, you improve much faster than you imagined!
In today's video, I'll show you how tiny changes in your English lead to great improvements in your confidence, fluency, and level.
This is the concept of marginal gains
What are "marginal gains"?
4 concrete "1% improvements" you can make today
1% grammar improvement: Uncountable nouns that are common in business English
1% vocabulary improvement: Phrasal verb "look into" instead of "investigate" or "research"
1% pronunciation improvement: "Wednesday"
1% business English improvement: Writing & saying dates
4 tiny changes = 4 big improvements
1. What are "marginal gains"?
"Marginal gains" = making very small improvements over a period of time. Over time, a lot of small improvements creates a lot of improvement in your general performance.
It's a very step-by-step approach. British cycling coach Dave Brailsford made this approach popular.
The British cycling team hired Brailsford in 2003 to coach their team, because they had had very bad performance for the past 100 years.
Since 1908, British cyclists had only won 1 Olympic gold medal. Their performance was so bad that a big European bicycle manufacturer refused to sell their bikes to the British team. The company was afraid it would hurt their reputation, if other cyclists saw a bad team using their bikes!
To fix the situation, Brailsford implemented a new coaching system. He called this the system of "marginal gains."
He looked at every aspect of cycling performance. And he found a way to improve each aspect individually.
These were very small changes:
 - What's the best position for the bike seat?
 - What's the best clothes to wear when cycling?
 - What's the best breakfast to eat before a race?
 - And other small changes
Individually, each change was very small.
But when the team combined all of the small changes, over time, they made great improvements.
After the changes, the British Cycling team won 60% of cycling gold medals in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
They set 7 world records in the 2012 London Olympics, and won the Tour de France in 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017.
And remember, before using the concept of marginal gains, the team had won zero events since 1908!
So marginal gains are small changes that combine to great great improvements.
It's what happens in a Virtual Immersion program, like Business English Mastery.
2. 4 concrete "1% improvements" you can make today
As you learn each of these 1% improvements, imagine the difference they will make in your English.
Imagine how you'll sound more natural, more correct.
Imagine how you'll feel more confident.
Imagine if you could make small 1% changes like this EVERY day for the next 3 months!
Right now, these may seem like very small improvements. It may seem that they don't make a difference.
But when you make small improvements over a period of time, you will see A LOT of improvement in your English level, and your confidence.
3. 1% grammar improvement: Uncountable nouns that are common in business English
Let's look at 3 words that are very common in business:
 - Information
 - Data
 - Advice
These words NEVER have -s at the end of them!
She gave me the (informationS) information I needed.
She gave me the (dataS) data I needed.
She gave me the (advices) advice I needed.
→THE CHANGE: This grammar rule is clear now! You never need to ask yourself the question about "Should I put -s at the end?" But you need to practice so it becomes a reflex to use the correct form.
4. 1% vocabulary improvement:
In conversation, we often use the phrasal verb "to look into" instead of its synonyms "investigate" or "research"
"I'll investigate LOOK INTO the source of the problem and prepare a report."
"I'll research LOOK INTO some possible dates for the conference."
It's also correct to say "investigate" and "research", but it's more informal to use "look into."
→ THE CHANGE: Now, you can use the phrasal verb "look into" to sound more natural in your conversations, by using "look into" instead of "investigate" and "research"!
5. 1% pronunciation improvement: "Wednesday"
You know that the way you write a word in English, and the way you pronounce a word in English are sometimes very different.
When you need to schedule meetings & events, it's good to pronounce this day of the week correctly: Wednesday.
We pronounce it /wins-day/, not /wed-nes-day/. (Watch the video to hear the example, and practice with me!)
→ THE CHANGE: Now, you have zero doubts about how to pronounce Wednesday, and can say it with 100% confidence. (Again, practice will help you have the good habit to pronounce it correctly!)
6. 1% business English improvement: Writing & saying dates
Here's a quick & easy tip to avoid confusion with dates:
Write the date like this:
Date (number) – month – year
For example: Today is 1 September 2020.
It works in all countries because it is impossible to confuse the day and the month.
In contrast, if you try to write dates like Americans and British typically write dates, it can create confusion.
For example: 9/1/2020
Is it 9 January 2020, or September 1, 2020?
It depends on the country where you live!
That can be confusing for international communication (and lead to BIG mistakes in planning!).
That's how you can write dates, but how can you say dates?
Say the date like this:
Month – ordinal number (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th – 11th, 12th, etc.) – year.
So today is "September first, two thousand twenty"
Tomorrow is September second two thousand twenty, etc.
7. 4 tiny changes = 4 big improvements
Those are 4 tiny changes to your English, but now that you know them, and you're 100% sure about them.
And you can use them confidently starting today, because they're so common in business conversations.
Already, you're making changes in the way you speak English!
Now, imagine if you made tiny improvements like this every day, because you have an English routine, and good learning habits.
You make improvements in grammar and vocabulary, but also in your communication skills, the way you present in English, your confidence, your mindset…
Over time, you will learn faster than you ever imagined. You're doing it step by step, each day, in a virtual immersion with my team and me.
And now, you're one step, even a few steps, closer to speaking better English and feeling more confident!
If you want to join my Virtual Immersion System, Business English Mastery, subscribe to my email list today!
Enrollments open tomorrow, Wednesday September 2nd.
People on my email list get an invitation tomorrow to start the program with my team and me.
Plus, if you are one of the first people to join, you get some exceptional bonus gifts.
This program gives you everything you need to transform your English and your self-confidence. You work with my team and me directly, for the next 3 months.
I'll see you tomorrow!
More good stuff...
Click the image to learn more
Intonation exercises in English
intermediate plateau English
Daily routine in English
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1 = sc.parallelize(1 to 1000, 15)
val myrdd2 = myrdd1.coalesce(5,false)
Int = 5
Output :
Int = 15
Int = 5
19) Explain pipe() operation. How it writes the result to the standard output?
Ans. It is a transformation.
def pipe(command: String): RDD[String]
Return an RDD created by piping elements to a forked external process.
 - In general, Spark is using Scala, Java, and Python to write the program. However, if that is not enough, and one want to pipe (inject) the data which written in other languages like 'R', Spark provides the general mechanism in the form of pipe() method.
 - Spark provides the pipe() method on RDDs.
 - With Spark's pipe() method, one can write a transformation of an RDD that can read each element in the RDD from standard input as String.
 - It can write the results as String to the standard output.
For more transformation on RDDs see: Apache Spark Operations
20) What is the key difference between textFile and wholeTextFile method?
Ans. Both are the method of org.apache.spark.SparkContext.
textFile() :
 - def textFile(path: String, minPartitions: Int = defaultMinPartitions): RDD[String]
 - Read a text file from HDFS, a local file system (available on all nodes), or any Hadoop-supported file system URI, and return it as an RDD of Strings
 - For example sc.textFile("/home/hdadmin/wc-data.txt") so it will create RDD in which each individual line an element.
 - Everyone knows the use of textFile.
wholeTextFiles() :
 - def wholeTextFiles(path: String, minPartitions: Int = defaultMinPartitions): RDD[(String, String)]
 - Read a directory of text files from HDFS, a local file system (available on all nodes), or any Hadoop-supported file system URI.
 - Rather than create basic RDD, the wholeTextFile() returns pairRDD.
 - For example, you have few files in a directory so by using wholeTextFile() method,
 it creates pair RDD with a filename with a path as key,
 and value is the whole file as a string
val myfilerdd = sc.wholeTextFiles("/home/hdadmin/MyFiles")
val keyrdd = myfilerdd.keys
val filerdd = myfilerdd.values
Output :
Array[String] = Array(
Array[String] =
 - Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 - Contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 - This work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 - The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 - The "License"; you may not use this file except in compliance with
 - The License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 - Distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
21) What is Action, how it process data in Apache Spark?
Ans. Actions return final result of RDD computations/operation. It triggers execution using lineage graph to load the data into original RDD, and carries out all intermediate transformations and returns final result to Driver program or write it out to file system.
For example: First, take, reduce, collect, count, aggregate are some of the actions in spark.
Action produces a value back to the Apache Spark driver program. It may trigger a previously constructed, lazy RDD to evaluate. It is an RDD operations that produce non-RDD values. Action function materializes a value in a Spark program. So basically an action is RDD operation that returns a value of any type but RDD[T] is an action. Actions are one of two ways to send data from executors to the driver (the other being accumulators).
For detail study of Action refer Transformation and Action in Apache Spark.
22) How is Transformation on RDD different from Action?
Ans. Transformations create new RDD from existing RDD
Transformations are executed on demand.(Lazy computation)
Ex: filter(), union()
An Action will return a non-RDD type (your stored value types usually)
Actions trigger execution using lineage graph to load the data into original RDD
Ex: count(), first()
23) What are the ways in which one can know that the given operation is Transformation or Action?
Ans. In order to identify the operation, one needs to look at the return type of an operation.
 - If the operation returns a new RDD, in that case, an operation is 'Transformation'
 - If the operation returns any other type than RDD, in that case, an operation is 'Action'
Hence, Transformation constructs a new RDD from an existing one (previous one) while Action computes the result based on applied transformation and returns the result to either driver program or save it to the external storage.
Also, refer to operations of RDD in Apache Spark and its Operations
24) Describe Partition and Partitioner in Apache Spark.
Ans. Partition in Spark is similar to split in HDFS. A partition in Spark is a logical division of data stored on a node in the cluster. They are the basic units of parallelism in Apache Spark. RDDs are a collection of partitions. When some actions are executed, a task is launched per partition.
By default, partitions are automatically created by the framework. However, the number of partitions in Spark are configurable to suit the needs. For the number of partitions, if spark.default.parallelism is set, then we should use the value from SparkContext defaultParallelism, othewrwise we should use the max number of upstream partitions. Unless spark.default.parallelism is set, the number of partitions will be the same as that of the largest upstream RDD, as this would least likely cause out-of-memory errors.
A partitioner is an object that defines how the elements in a key-value pair RDD are partitioned by key, maps each key to a partition ID from 0 to numPartitions – 1. It captures the data distribution at the output. With the help of partitioner, the scheduler can optimize the future operations. The contract of partitioner ensures that records for a given key have to reside on a single partition.
We should choose a partitioner to use for a cogroup-like operations. If any of the RDDs already has a partitioner, we should choose that one. Otherwise, we use a default HashPartitioner.
There are three types of partitioners in Spark :
 - Hash Partitioner
 - Range Partitioner
 - Custom Partitioner
Hash – Partitioner: Hashpartitioning attempts to spread the data evenly across various partitions based on the key.
Range – Partitioner: In RangePartitioning method, tuples having keys with same range will appear on the same machine.
RDDs can create with specific partitioning in two ways :
i) Providing explicit partitioner by calling partitionBy method on an RDD
ii) Applying transformations that return RDDs with specific partitioners.
5. Apache Spark Interview Questions For Experience
25) How can you manually partition the RDD?
Ans. When we create the RDD from a file stored in HDFS.
data = context.textFile("/user/dataflair/file-name")
By default one partition is created for one block. ie. if we have a file of size 1280 MB (with 128 MB block size) there will be 10 HDFS blocks, hence the similar number of partitions (10) will create.
If you want to create more partitions than the number of blocks, you can specify the same while RDD creation:
data = context.textFile("/user/dataflair/file-name", 20)
It will create 20 partitions for the file. ie for each block 2 partitions will create.
NOTE: It is often recommended to have more no of partitions than no of the block, it improves the performance
26) Name the two types of shared variable available in Apache Spark.
Ans. There are two types of shared variables available in Apache Spark:
 - Accumulators: used to Aggregate the Information.
 - Broadcast variable: to efficiently distribute large values.
When we pass the function to Spark, say filter(), this function can use the variable which defined outside of the function but within the Driver program but when we submit the task to Cluster, each worker node gets a new copy of variables and update from these variables not propagated back to Driver program.
Accumulators and Broadcast variable are used to remove above drawback ( i.e. we can get the updated values back to our Driver program)
27) What are accumulators in Apache Spark?
Ans. This discussion is in continuation with a question, Name the two types of shared variable available in Apache Spark.
Introduction of Accumulator :
 - An accumulator is a shared variable in Apache Spark, used to aggregating information across the cluster.
 - In other words, aggregating information/values from worker nodes back to the driver program. ( How we will see in below session)
Why Accumulator :
 - When we use a function inside the operation like map(), filter() etc these functions can use the variables which defined outside these function scope in the driver program.
 - When we submit the task to cluster, each task running on the cluster gets a new copy of these variables and updates from these variable do not propagate back to the driver program.


Next: , Previous: Finish Breakpoints in Python, Up: Python API Python representation of lazy strings.
A lazy string is a string whose contents is not retrieved or encoded until it is needed.
A gdb.LazyString is represented in gdb as an address that points to a region of memory, an encoding that will be used to encode that region of memory, and a length to delimit the region of memory that represents the string. The difference between a gdb.LazyString and a string wrapped within a gdb.Value is that a gdb.LazyString will be treated differently by gdb when printing. A gdb.LazyString is retrieved and encoded during printing, while a gdb.Value wrapping a string is immediately retrieved and encoded on creation.
A gdb.LazyString object has the following functions:
— Function: LazyString.value ()
Convert the gdb.LazyString to a gdb.Value. This value will point to the string in memory, but will lose all the delayed retrieval, encoding and handling that gdb applies to a gdb.LazyString.
— Variable: LazyString.address
This attribute holds the address of the string. This attribute is not writable.
— Variable: LazyString.length
This attribute holds the length of the string in characters. If the length is -1, then the string will be fetched and encoded up to the first null of appropriate width. This attribute is not writable.
— Variable: LazyString.encoding
This attribute holds the encoding that will be applied to the string when the string is printed by gdb. If the encoding is not set, or contains an empty string, then gdb will select the most appropriate encoding when the string is printed. This attribute is not writable.
— Variable: LazyString.type
This attribute holds the type that is represented by the lazy string's type. For a lazy string this will always be a pointer type. To resolve this to the lazy string's character type, use the type's target method. See Types In Python. This attribute is not writable.


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Video: A Conversation with Amiri Baraka
During the Civil Rights Movement these two men were fighting to put an end to the practices of discrimination. While Amiri Baraka did it from New York, Sala Udin did it from Holmes County, Mississippi and Pittsburgh.
Baraka founded the Black Arts Movement, which advocated independent black writing, publishing, and artistic institutions. In 1966 he set up the Spirit House Players, which produced, among other works, two of his plays against police brutality. Then Sala Udin—a man who, among other things, fought for starting Black Studies at the University of Pittsburgh—used to take young people to those performances. Many of these people went back to change their cities, inspired by the work of "the father of the Black Arts Movement," as Baraka is known.
Almost fives decades later, in June 2011, it was Baraka who came to Pittsburgh to read at the poetry event that Cave Canem and City of Asylum/Pittsburgh hosted on the North Side. Sala Udin, a former Pittsburgh City Councilman, sat down with him to discuss politics, the future of black art, and the consequences of making political art in America. Their lively conversation is sprinkled with personal memories, sharp political commentary, and humor.
Because it is a unique opportunity to have two figures of the Civil Rights Movement in the same room to talk about that period and their lives afterward, Sampsonia Way presents this interview unedited and uncut.
Read the interview, A Conversation with Amiri Baraka, in the current issue of Sampsonia Way.


text:
As an administrator, you can reset the account password to default for individual Learners, which is 1234 by default, for all Learner accounts on Lobster Ink. The four steps below explain this action in more detail.
Step 1: On the administrator portal, select Manage Learners.
Having trouble accessing the administrator portal? Contact us directly at _EMAIL_.
Step 2: Search for the Learner of which you want to reset the password in the search bar under the Learner column of the student list. Then click on Edit to enter the Learner's individual profile.
Step 3: Click on the drop-down menu next to Reset Student Password and select Yes. When you are done updating, click on the Save button at the right bottom of the page to reset the password to default. You will then need to inform the Learner that the password is set to 1234.


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Practicing darts while lucid dreaming can improve your game... but only if you're focused.
Seriously, Science?By Seriously ScienceJanuary 30, 2017 5:00 PM
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Image: Flickr/Shannon KringenLike most sports, the more darts you throw, the better you get at hitting the target. But do you *have* to be physically throwing the dart, or is just mentally throwing the dart sufficient? As confusing as that question might be, it's what these scientists studied by having participants throw darts while lucid dreaming, and testing whether these "practice sessions" made them better at darts in real life. And it worked! But (obviously) only if the dreamers weren't distracted while "practicing". Finally, a cheap way to practice for my next speed eating contest!Improvement of darts performance following lucid dream practice depends on the number of distractions while rehearsing within the dream - a sleep laboratory pilot study. "In a lucid dream, the dreamer is aware of the dream state and can deliberately practice motor skills. Two field studies indicated that lucid dream practice can improve waking performance in simple motor tasks. The present pilot study investigated the effect of lucid dream practice in a controlled sleep laboratory setting, using a pre-post design with dart throwing in the evening and morning. The experimental group practiced darts in lucid dreams. Because some participants were distracted during lucid dream practice, the group was divided into lucid dreamers with few (n = 4) and many distractions (n = 5). Change of performance was compared to a physical practice group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9), showing a significant interaction (P =.013, η2 =.368). Only the lucid dreamers with few distractions improved (18%) significantly over time (P =.005, d = 3.84). Even though these results have to be considered preliminary, the present study indicates that lucid dream practice can be an effective tool in sports practice if lucid dreamers find ways to minimise distractions during lucid dream practice. Moreover, the study emphasises the necessity to investigate lucid dream practice experiences on a qualitative level." Related content: What do Republicans dream about? (Hint: it's not sex.)Are people who dream about murder more likely to kill someone in real life?Want to control your dreams? Shock your brain to induce lucid dreaming!
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Building and flying your own airplane has always been high on the list of dreams of adventurous souls. Learning to build and fly the indoor paper airplane walkalong glider is a first step, off the grid and constructed from reused materials.
This instructable incorporates improvements on the Paper Airplane Walkalong Glider instructable. The improvements are as follows:
-Lighter paperphone book paper instead of copier paper for slower speed and increased maneuverability
-Change in dimensions of initial sheet of paper (22cmX27cm) for pitch stability
-Central fold adds dihedral for better maneuverability
-Leading edges folded downward for softer stall characteristics
-Wedge cut out of tail section for reduced tail weight and better pitch stability
-Wedge fold in tail section for increased drag and slower flight
Please see the web page on Controllable Slope Soaring for more walkalong glider designs.
Step 1: Construct Ballast assembly
The ratio of dimensions of the rectangle are important for ensuring the correct washout angle in the wingtips (changing the ratio will change the distance between the leading and trailing edges relative to the width of the wingtip).


Building A Multiplayer Game With Three.Js + WebSockets
June 1, 2019
We'll be using these tools/libraries to build a multiplayer game.
 - Three.js. A framework built on top of WebGL that makes it easier to create graphics in the browswer.
 - Cannon.js. A physics engine that pairs well with Three.js.
 - WS - A lightweight WebSocket client for node and the browser (Alternatives:
 - RxJs - a library for using observables (event streams like keydown events).
A Quick-And-Dirty Intro to Three.js
Three.js is a framework built around WebGL that makes it easy to create graphics in the browser. It uses the canvas element.
Every three.js project has these basic elements:
 - scene
 - camera
 - renderer
This is the most global three.js namespace. When objects are added to the scene, they can be found in scene.children. It's initialized with:
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
Objects are added to the scene with:
The camera is the vantage point the scene is viewed from.
Here's how a camera is created:
// Camera frustum vertical field of view
var fov = 75;
// Camera frustum aspect ratio
var aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
// Camera frustum near plane
var near = 0.1;
// Camera frustum far plane
var far = 1000;
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(fov, aspect, near, far);
In three.js we create a new WebGLRenderer and then append the renderer.domElement to the document. The renderer.domElement is just an HTML canvas element.
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
 antialias: true
// make the canvas element the dimensions of the screen
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
In addition to appending a canvas element to the document, you can use a pre-existing canvas element.
The three.js renderer has a method called render(). After the renderer is created we call this method:
function render() {
 // call render again before the next repaint
 renderer.render(scene, camera);
requestAnimationFrame requests that the browser call the render() function to update an animation before the next repaint. A reference to the render function is passed to requestAnimationFrame as an argument.
Adding Objects to the Scene
After creating a scene, camera and renderer, you'll want to create some objects (meshes) and add them to the scene. A mesh is a composite of a material and a geometry. Properties like texture belong to the material.
let texture = (new THREE.TextureLoader()).load('assets/box.jpg')
let boxMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
 new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1, 1),
 new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({
 map: texture,
 vertexColors: THREE.VertexColors
To create some basic terrain, we'll use THREE.PlaneGeometry(width, height, segments, segments) and then adjust the elevation of the vertices in the geometry.
The first two arguments are the width and height of the plane, respectively. The latter two are the number of segments.
The snippet below creates a 20 x 20 grid of tiles.
const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(
 new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10, 20, 20),
 new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial()
We create a Three.js mesh object by combining geometry and material objects.
Right now we've made a flat plane. For terrain, we need to adjust height of the plane at each vertex. You can find a reference to the mesh's geometry in mesh.geometry.
So mesh.geometry.vertices is an array of vertices that comprise the plane. To create terrain we can loop through the vertices and adjust the altitude.
for(let i = 0; i < mesh.geometry.vertices.length; i++) {
Oh, and I forgot to mention that mesh.geometry.vertices is an array of Vectors. Vectors are special Three.js objects that store x, y, z coordinates. But they're also so much more; they come with some useful methods like clone(), add(), copy() and so forth. In the above code snippet, setZ() does what you'd expect: it sets the value of the z coordinate.
Link to gist
Mutating State in Three.js
Most operations in Three.js mutate state. E.g., consider the following code:
let vec = new THREE.Vector(0, 0, 0)
 vec.add(new THREE.Vector(0, 0, 1))
What does console.log(vec) output at the end of the loop? The answer is {x: 0, y: 0, z: 3}. Most operations mutate state. Three.js objects have a clone() method that returns a copy. You can use clone to avoid mutating the original.
Moving A Hero With the Keyboard
One of the first challenges of creating some games is figuring out how to move the hero.
We can translate a sprite along the surface of the terrain by listening for onKeyDown and onKeyUp events and then adjusting the sprite's position.
Here's a naive approach:
let movingRight;
let movingLeft;
let movingDown;
let movingUp;
window.addEventListener('onkeydown', function(evt) {
 let { key } = evt
 switch(key) {
 case 'ArrowRight'
 movingRight = true;
 case 'ArrowLeft'
 movingLeft = true;
function render() {
 // queue up a new animation frame
 // move in the +x direction
 if(movingRight) sprite.position.add(1,0,0)
 // move in the -x direction
 if(movingLeft) sprite.position.add(-1,0,0)
 - requestAnimationFrame does exactly what you would expect: it adds to the top of the stack.
 - We pass a reference to the enclosing function render() to requestAnimationFrame; render() will be a called again at a later time (a few milliseconds later).
Tapping Into Keyboard Event Streams With Observables
An observable is just a stream of events. Here are some concrete examples:
 - A sequence of clicks
 - A sequence of mouse movements
 - Requests to an API
These are all just streams of events - aka - observables. RxJs is a third-party library available on npm that helps you manipulate such event streams (observables).
Observables are useful for onkeydown events because they can help simplify the control flow and pair down on the business logic.
We might be tempted to write bulky switch statements for onkeydown and onkeyup events. But with RxJs we can manipulate the stream of keyboard events and then subscribe to changes.
import Rx from 'rxjs/Rx';
Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'keydown')
 .map(e => e.key)
 .subscribe(key => { console.log(key) })
Doesn't look too bad right?
In the above the snippet, we:
 1. Create an observable from the document.onkeydown event.
 2. Map the observable to the key
 3. Subscribe to changes
So far, this doesn't look very different from the plain Javascript approach.
const keyBindings = {
 ArrowRight: new THREE.Vector3(0.1, 0, 0),
 ArrowLeft: new THREE.Vector3(-0.1, 0, 0),
 ArrowUp: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0.1, 0),
 ArrowDown: new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.1, 0),
// create an observable for the stream of keydown events
let keydown = Rx.Observable
 .fromEvent(document, 'keydown')
 .map(evt => keyBindings[evt.key])
// subcribe to changes
keydown.subscribe((increment) => {
Link to Gist
Here's another approach using RxJs that uses a store to maintain application state.
Earlier we mapped event streams to value, e.g., map(e => e.key). With the stateful approach we map the stream of events to a state changing function.
let stream = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'keydown')
 .map(e => state => Object.assign({}, state, {
 key: e.key
// We create an object with our initial state. Whenever a new state
// change function is received we call it and pass the state. The
// new state is returned and ready to be changed again on the next keydown // event. RxJs' scan is kind of like reduce which you may be more
// familiar with.
let state = stream.scan((state, changeFn) => changeFn(state), {
 key: null
state.subscribe(function(state) {
 document.querySelector('body').textContent = JSON.stringify(state)
So far we can move a hero around on a flat plane using a keyboard. Our hero only stays on the surface because we only adjust position on the x and y axises. But terrain has height. There are a few ways to tackle this problem.
Getting Z
For each new x and y position our character we could get the magnitude of the z-dimension (height) of our terrain.
 let terrainMesh = new THREE.Mesh(...)
function getZ(x, y) {
 let { vertices } = terrainMesh.geometry
 return vertices.find(vertex =>
 vertex.x === x && vertex.y === y
 stream.subscribe(increment => {
 let z = getZ(increment.x, increment.y)


Andoni - Meaning of Andoni
What does Andoni mean?
[ 3 syll. an-do-ni, and-oni ] The baby boy name Andoni is pronounced AE-NDuwNiy- †. Andoni is of Latin origin and it is predominantly used in the Basque language. Andoni is a form of the English Anthony.
See also the related categories, latin and basque.
Andoni is a rarely used baby name for boys. It is not ranked within the top 1000 names. In 2018, within the group of boy names directly linked to Andoni, Anthony was the most regularly used.
Baby names that sound like Andoni include Amidan (Hebrew), Amitan (East Indian), Andeano, Andeino, Andieno, Andino (Italian), Andyno, Anthoney (English), Anthoni, Anthony (English), Antione (French and English), Antone (Slavic), Antoney, Antoni (Catalan and Polish), Antonia, Antonie (Dutch), Antonije (Slavic), Antono (Esperanto), Antony (English), and António (Portuguese).
Meaning of Andoni Meaning of Anthony
Baby Name Explorer for Andoni
Andoni Popularity Charts
blue:boy name
red:girl name
italics:unisex name
bold:primary name


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Elizabeth Bowdoin was the daughter of Massachusetts governor James and Elizabeth (Erving) Bowdoin. In 1767, she married fellow Bostonian John Temple, a surveyor general of customs and lieutenant governor of colonial New Hampshire. Temple inherited a baronetcy that made him Sir John Temple in 1786 and also made his wife Lady Temple. Thus the mourning ring made to commemorate her death features the dedication "DOWAGER.ELIZABETH.LADY.TEMPLE[.]" It consists of a plain gold band with a black enamel ground that features a stylized palm leaf and gold text in upper-case roman lettering.
The interior curve to the narrow band was a feature that was prevalent during the mid 18th century. In fact, the entire style of the ring is very much in the neoclassical vein. An inscription inside the band reads, "Obt. 25th.. Oct r.. 1809 A't. 59." Residing in Boston at the time of her death, Lady Temple was buried in the Bowdoin vault in the Granary Burying Ground on Tremont Street.
The Massachusetts Historical Society also has the 1805 silhouette mourning ring of Lady Temple's husband, Sir John.


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Two-Step Grain-Growth Kinetics of Sub-7 nm SnO2 Nanocrystal under Hydrothermal Condition
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
In this work, the grain growth kinetics of SnO2 quantum dots under hydrothermal conditions was investigated. By varying the reaction temperature and duration, SnO2 particle sizes were tuned from 2 to 7 nm. It is demonstrated that the growth behavior of subnanometer-sized SnO2 underwent two distinct processes: below the critical size of 5.5 nm, about double of Bohr radius, the grain growth kinetics obeys an Ostwald ripening mechanism, while above that, an oriented attachment process governs the particle growth. For the former cases, the activation energies were Ea1 = 61.94 kJ/mol at 200 °C and Ea1′ = 62.84 kJ/mol at 160 °C, which greatly differs from that of Ea2 = 131.32 kJ/mol for the latter case. High-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction as well as UV–vis diffuses reflectance, photoluminescence, Fourier transmission infrared, and Raman spectra were employed to reveal the size-dependent properties. As the particle size of SnO2 reduces, there occurred a lattice expansion, band gap broadening, and an abnormal blue shift. All these characteristics are closely related to the size changing in a narrow range from quantum dots to several nanometers. The findings reported here may shed light on further understanding the unique behaviors of quantum dots.


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taste buds to select the 'preferred taste' in the liquid / wine. This allows the human taste receptors to 'select' what they prefer thus making the liquid / wine smoother tasting, the molecular structures soften the acid effect of the liquid / wine, fills' the palate with exactly what the 'taste receptors' prefer. E.g. every individual tasting the molecular structured liquid / wine will prefer the liquid / wine to any other.
The molecular chain within the liquid / wine refracts more light in the liquid improving colour balances. The surface tension of the liquid / wine is also removed.
The bouquet of the liquid / wine is rounder and less sharp because the human smell receptors only select the aroma they prefer!
In the stomach the molecular structure holds the minerals / alcohol and tannins in quantum suspension; the effect is to reduce the side effects of the unwanted minerals / alcohol.
NOTE: DO NOT USE THE TECHNIQUE ON CHAMPAGNE or SPARKLING LIQUIDS. THEY WILL TASTE FLAT AS THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE QUANTUM SUSPENDS THE GAS MOLECULES.
This is because our body's own molecular structure (DNA) can 'link' with the liquids biotechnology molecular structure via the taste bud sensors. Instead of having to taste every part of the liquid, the taste buds only taste 'select what they like'. In molecular structured liquids all the 'free radicals' have been suspended in quantum suspension which allows the taste buds to 'sample'. Therefore the individual who prefers SWEET tastes will taste sweet atoms and those who prefer BITTER tastes will taste bitter atoms.
Quantum suspension of the minerals locks in the acidic nature of a liquid into a molecular structure. This allow individuals to taste what they like as the receiving taste buds will reject any over powering acid or accept them as they prefer. The pH remains the same yet it has no effect on the other living tissue. For instance, orange juice with a molecular structure can be rubbed in the eyes because the living DNA does not recognise the negative in the liquid only the positive. On the other hand if we are attuned to enjoying high levels of acid then we will taste them all!
A molecular structure provides body cells with more ability to absorb water, increasing 'hydration' Locked within the natural molecular structure are thousands of molecular clusters. The body organs can hydrate and absorb liquid more easily. In addition the surface tension of the water has been removed (bio film) which adds to the hydration effect. Water also tastes fresher.
Energised Water has Increased Oxygen potential
Increasing oxygen in the blood cells increases energy levels. The natural molecular structure locks in the oxygen and other gases within the liquid into quantum suspension. These gases cannot evaporate, as they are part of the liquid. This in turn allows our body's DNA to absorb oxygen at much higher levels than can be found in other liquids.
Energised Water detoxifies body organs
As the body can absorb more liquid, it can also detoxify quicker. Because the liquid is now in a molecular structure, the body cannot only reject negatives but the body's aged sedimentation can be easily 'linked' to the new molecular chain and is swept away. For example, kidney stones are dissolved.
Energised Water may reduce the effects of alcohol on the body
Because the alcohol is 'locked into' the molecular structure the body can reject much more. In most cases, many people report they can drink twice as much without becoming intoxicated. In all cases, the 'hang over effect' is removed.
Energised Water directly benefits long haul flight passengers – reduced jet lag
Increasing hydration and removing Electro-Smog effects enhances the body's functions. Increasing oxygen levels within the blood stream while in flight improves the body's ability to withstand 'long haul' flights.
Updated August 2009
RETURN TO SUMICHE HOME
RETURN TO SHINING LIGHT RESOURCES HOME


Every Finger is Connected With 2 Organs: Japanese Methods For Curing About a 5 Minutes!
Did you know every finger on your hands can trigger recovery of two organs of your body? This is a technique used in a Japanese healing art called Jin shin Jitsu. In reality, this can likewise assist in supporting or balancing your emotions just by pressings a particular point on the finger which is the stimulant for that emotion.
These considerable points on your fingers control the energy circulation in your body, thus identifying the physical and psychological health of your body. It's a basic and easily manageable alternative treatment to keep health and ward of illness.
Guidelines Choose the finger to the matching organ requiring treatment. Hold it tightly with your other hand for a minimum of 3 to 5 minutes. Breathe deeply as you press and massage the finger related to the organ. Repeat this with the other hand. Doing this for about 3 minutes on every finger is motivated to keep all your organs healthy.
Let's look at the organs related to each finger.
1. Middle finger
Organ: it represents the liver and yolky bitter.
Physical: Migraine, Fatigue, Forehead pains, menstrual discomfort and circulatory problems.
Emotional: Anger, aggravation, absence of focus and concentration.
2. Ring finger
Organs: Large intestinal tract and lungs.
Physical: Asthma, skin problems, digestion issue and respiratory illness. Psychological: Negative thoughts, unhappiness and fear.
3. Thumb
Organs: Spleenwort and stomach.
Physical: Stomach ache, skin concerns, nervousness and headache Emotional: Concern and depression problems
4. Forefinger
Organs: Urinary bladder and kidney
Physical: Muscle and back discomfort, tooth ache and digestion issues Psychological: Worry, confusion, dissatisfaction
5. Little finger
Organs: small intestinal tract and heart
Physical: bone trouble, heart concerns and throat pain Emotional: Stress and anxiety and self confidence problem
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Also known as: The 100-Point Method
Cumulative Voting (CV) Prioritization is a ratio-scale prioritization technique in which the stakeholders taking part in the prioritization process are given a fixed number of prioritization
units which they then
vote (aka distribute) among the items being prioritized (requirements, objectives, goals, stakeholders, features, functions, etc.). The items with the most units assigned to them by the various stakeholders are the highest priority.
Another feature of Cumulative Voting is the option to
weight the votes of some stakeholders by applying a multiplier of some sort. So if you had three primary stakeholders, you could weight the votes of the most important stakeholder (perhaps the one paying for the effort) at a full weight (multiply by 1), weight the votes of the second most important stakeholder a bit less (multiply by.75), and weight the votes of the least important stakeholder even less (multiply by.5).
Cumulative Voting is normally done against ALL items of same level of abstraction at the same time (for example, the entire set of detailed requirements). This means the standard CV process does not scale well as you add more items to be prioritized. To address this issue, the Hierarchical Cumulative Voting (HCV) variant (see separate wiki page) was developed for situations when there are a large number of items to be prioritized.
Hierarchical Cumulative Voting (HCV) - See the separate Hierarchical Cumulative Voting wiki page
See the Prioritization wiki page for a discussion of why to prioritize.
This assumes you have evaluated your prioritization needs and decided that Cumulative Voting is the technique you will use.
Define the exact set of items that will be prioritized and gather them together in a form that allows them to be easily reviewed. All items should be at the same level of abstraction and described sufficiently so that any stakeholder can reasonably understand what it is.
Decide how and where each stakeholders
vote will be recorded? The process selected should allow for each stakeholders
vote to be recorded separately and without visibility into the
votes other stakeholders may make.
Given the number of items being prioritized, decide upon an appropriate number of units to provide each stakeholder to assign with their
votes. It is also a good idea to assign the units a form that has meaning to the stakeholders, such a dollars, man-hours of work,
points, or similar forms.
The amount provided to the stakeholder should be of a sufficient level to allow them to assign a small to moderate amount to most of the items while heavily favoring a few select items. But you also don't want to provide so much that scale becomes meaningless.
For example, if evaluating 25 items, you might provide
$500 dollars of units for stakeholder assignment. This allows for a breakdown such as 5 high-priority items assigned $50 each (for $250 total), 5 medium-priority items at around $30 each ($150 total), and 10 low-priority items at $10 each (the last $100 remaining), 5 items getting no value assigned at all.
Each stakeholder who will be
voting should be taken aside (or otherwise engaged away from other prioritizing stakeholders) and asked to assign all of the units they have been provided to the items being prioritized in such a way as to reflect the way they value each item to relation to all of the others.
Each stakeholder should only be allowed to prioritize each set of items ONCE! And they should do so without knowledge of how others have prioritized the items. Allowing stakeholders to vote more than once on the same items or to know how other stakeholders have voted opens up the opportunity to try and
game the process by adjusting their votes based on the actions of other stakeholders rather than reflecting their own priority.
Once all the stakeholders have
voted, apply any weighting factors that might be needed. Then sum up the votes each item got from all stakeholders. The items with the highest number of adjusted votes are your highest-priority items.
So if you were using CV to prioritize the 3 high-level items above, with 3 stakeholders (Bob, Jane, and Joe) with different priority weights (1.0,.75, and.50), the results may be summed up like this.
|Bob||Jane||Joe||Bob (Adj.)||Jane (Adj.)||Joe (Adj.)||Total|
Taking the weightings into account, HLR2 is the highest priority and is 17.5 more important than HLR1, which is the #2 priority, which is 17.5 more important than HLR3 which is the #3 priority.
The results of a Cumulative Voting process provide a ratio-scale result. Not only do you know which items are the highest priority (they have the most votes), you also know how much more important any one item is than any other by looking at the number of total votes between them.
votesin such a way as to more heavily prioritize particular items of priority; or even cast nearly all of their votes on one or two favorite items, trusting that others will provide a more balanced vote and thus still provide support for items of common interest. This is especially easy if the stakeholder knows the preferences of other stakeholders.
unitsso that stakeholders can provide meaningful votes. If there are 25 items being processed and each stakeholder only gets 100 units, the stakeholders may feel that they cannot really indicate their preferences properly.
votescan be assigned. Put the total number of units they have at the top. Then use a simple Excel function to sum up the votes cast, subtract them from the total assigned, and show how many are left. If you assigned $1000 to vote with on cells B2 through B15, the function would look like: =1000-SUM(B2:B15)&" dollars remaining!"


weird annualized rule about return?
Discussion in 'Strategy Development' started by yoyo2000, Oct 3, 2005.
 1. yoyo2000
 I met a weird annualized rule:
 as usual,in order to annualize a monthly return,one should multiplies this monthly return with square root of 12,but when a guy compounds his capital,this rule become weird:
 Suppose a system's monthly return is 100%,so his yearly return should be (100%+1)^12-1= 4095% with compounding his capital,but in square root of 12 rule,his year return is 100%*square root(12) = 346%,the difference is so huge!
 what's wrong?
 2. acrary
 You multiply by the square root of 12 to annualize the monthly standard deviation, not the return.
 3. You are not quite correct in that a 100% monthly return results in an annualized return of 409,500% if compounded monthly. Your formula is correct:
 (1+1.00)^12-1=4,095. However, you forgot to multiply the result by 100 in order to present the annualized return in percentage terms.
 Anyone who disagrees can prove it to himself by doing it by hand by simply doubling the starting capital 12 times. It only takes a moment or two. Starting with capital of only $1,000 at the beginning fo the first month you will reach $4,096,000 at the end of the year. Subtract from the total the original $1,000 capital base, and you have a net profit of $4,095,000 which is an annualized return of 409,500%
 As for the second part of your post, it also works backwards, remembering to present the percentage return in decimal terms in the equation (dividing by 100):
 (4,095+1)^(1/12)-1=1.00. This 1.00 represents the 100% monthly return (in decimal terms), and is the geometric mean rather than the arithmetic mean. You must use the geometric mean to account for the monthly compounding effect. This is a simple time value of money calculation.
 Please confirm the validity of my calculations since it has been 21 years since I completed my MBA and I have never encountered scenarios with such astronomical returns in my previous life as a banker. Those decimal points can get lost in such lofty numbers, eh?
 As an aside, this is why I think that people who claim to be able to double their money on a monthly basis are well and truly quite full of shit.
 4. It depends on what they mean. If they are pulling the original amount out every month, then it is absolutely possible. But compounding at 100% may not be a likely scenario; although anything is possible.
 5. There is a wide chasm between possible and even remotely likely. Why would someone want to take out his money when it can earn so much so quickly in his trading account? Living expenses?! Of course, the markets will not allow such a trading god to compound to the moon because of liquidity constraints and all the other usual reasons, but why not take it to the limit of what the markets and his method can tolerate? There are a number trading billionaires whose returns never came even remotely close to those kinds of monthly returns. So why is the guy who makes 100% a month not among them? Why would he need to pull out the original amount every month and prevent himself from owning the world in just a few short years?
 Since even the greatest trading legends have never consistently made 100% monthly returns, I think I will stick to my guns and confidently assume that such poseurs on ET and elsewhere are well and truly quite full of shit.
 6. Since ES is doing very little at the moment (and I'm bored), let us explore the matter a bit further. Let me present a gross exaggeration first to make a point, and then a relatively more "plausible" scenario.
 First the outrageous scenario. Consider a chess board, which has 64 squares. Imagine that you place a single penny on the first square (the corner of your choice). If you then subsequently double the amount of the preceding square, by the time you reach the 64th square you will have theoretically achieved more wealth than all the wealth of this world. In dollar terms, the last square will have a value of $1.84467 x 10^17. I believe this is in the quadrillions (which come after trillions). If each square were to represent one month, then the theoretical wealth will have been achieved in just over 5 years.
 Of course, this example is patently absurd. Therefore, let us pare it down to more "reasonable" levels based on your assertion that it is "absolutely possible" to consistently make 100% monthly returns. You are not comfortable with the idea of monthly compounding, presumably for the reasons I mentioned in my prior post (liquidity, etc.). Therefore, let us consider the possibility that he does reinvest all his winnings and seeks to expand the markets he trades in to overcome liquidity issues. He can do so by expanding to international markets and by hiring other traders to trade his method. Even so, the growing size of his account will likely degrade his method and his strategy will no longer be able to achieve 100% monthly returns because he is reinvesting (compounding). Therefore, let us assume that he is only able to achieve a quarter of his earlier performance, a "mere" 25% monthly return when reinvested. This would mean that if he were to start with only $10,000, he would have net profits before overheads of almost $16 Billion after only 64 months. Not bad if you can get it. Just as a matter of interest, if he could "only" achieve a monthly return of 20% (which is reinvested), he would have profits before overheads of over $1.1 Billion. A 30% reinvested return would yield profits before overhead of over $196 Billion. You choose.
 So, my question to you is this: where are all these traders who are able to make 100% monthly returns and why are they not reinvesting, regardless of the degradation of their methods? Presumably, if they only applied themselves they could displace the Soros, PTJs, Cohens, and all the other legends of the trading world in a matter of a few years. Even those guys never even dreamed of consistent 100% monthly returns and look where they are.
 Therefore, I will continue to abide by the conclusions of my 2 earlier posts: BS.
 7. yoyo2000
 Well,100% return per month just an example to magnify the effect of calculation.
 8. Never heard of using square roots to annualize return.
 Returns expand geometrically with time.
 Volatility, however, expand geometrically with the square root of time.
 9. yoyo2000
 it's very weird,I saw that there are 7 reply to my post from list,but when I enter,I couldn't find only 3,how can I see other 4 reply,please?


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Is Rio Dipladenia a perennial?
Click to see full answer
Similarly, you may ask, do Dipladenia come back every year?
Dipladenia is the former name of the plant, with most cultivars now properly labeled and sold as mandevilla vines. They can survive in USDA zone 8, although they may die back each year and grow as shorter plants. Proper winter care ensures that the dipladenia will survive to bloom again each summer.
Similarly, how do you take care of a Dipladenia in Rio? Water the plant frequently in the summer but let the top few inches of the soil dry out before watering anew. The plant can go in the ground in warmer areas or stay in a pot. Bright but indirect sun is a requirement for growing a dipladenia plant. The best flowers are formed in a well lit area.
Furthermore, how do you take care of a Dipladenia in the winter?
Spread 2 or 3 inches of mulch, such as leaves or straw, over top of the roots to protect them during the cold months. The dipladenia will sprout back in spring. This method of winter care only works in USDA plant hardiness zone 8. In cooler zones, dipladenias must be brought indoors for winter.
How do I make my Dipladenia bloom?
Getting a Mandevilla Plant to Bloom Use a teaspoon of Epsom salts dissolved in water once every two weeks for a month. The salt content will build up in the soil if you try this for any longer. The magnesium in the Epsom salts should get it flowering again.


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Lesson 43: Add Borders to a Range
1. First Select the range you want to add a border around. I selected the range A5 to G11. Check Lesson 10 for how to select a range.
2. Under the 'Home' tab – Left-click the down arrow next to the Borders command – When you do, you will be presented with several border options. Choose the border option you want to apply to your selected Range by left clicking on it. I chose the 'All Borders' option as seen in the diagram below.
3. Excel executes your command. Just look at the border I placed around my selected range in the diagram below.


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Hurricanes Can Impact Water Quality
September 28, 2012 by UPI - United Press International, Inc.
NEW HAVEN, Conn. (UPI) — The water quality of U.S. lakes and coastal systems could be degraded if hurricanes intensify in a warming world, researchers at Yale University say.
During last summer's Hurricane Irene, the worst storm to hit the New York area in 200 years, record amounts of dissolved organic matter were found in Catskill waters and in the Ashokan Reservoir that supplies New York City with drinking water, they said.
The Catskill Mountains watershed is a primary source of drinking water for New York City, and over a two-day period in late August Irene dropped over 11 inches of rain, 17 percent of the average annual rainfall, on one of the creeks that feeds the Ashokan.
"This is the biggest rain event ever sampled for the region," Yale doctoral student Bryan Yoon said, noting the volume of water discharged by Esopus Creek increased 330-fold, sending an unprecedented amount of dissolved organic matter to the Ashokan.
Excessive amounts of dissolved organic matter could lead to numerous environmental problems, Yoon said.
Dissolved organic matter binds with metal pollutants and transports them, interferes with ultraviolet processes that reduce pathogens in water, affects aquatic metabolism and leads to the formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts, he said.
"All of those problems become more serious as larger quantities of dissolved organic matter are transported to lakes and coastal systems," Yoon said. "Hurricane Irene was a prime example that there is no limit to the amount of dissolved organic matter that can be exported by extreme rain events."


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Liquid Chromatography Detectors - The UV Detectors > The Diode Array Detector > Page 52
If the peak was pure, the ratio of the adsorption at the two wavelengths (those selected were 225 and 245 nm) would remain constant throughout the elution of the entire peak. The upper diagram in figure 31 shows this ratio plotted on the same time scale and it is seen that a clean rectangular peak is observed which unambiguously confirms the purity of the peak for chlorthalidone. The wavelength chosen to provide the confirming ratio will depend on the UV adsorption characteristics of the substance concerned, relative to those of the most likely impurities to be present, consequently the wavelengths must be chosen with some circumspection. Another interesting example of the use of the diode array detector to confirm the integrity of an eluted peak is afforded by the separation of the series of hydrocarbons shown in figure 32.
The separation was carried out on a column 3 cm long, 4.6 mm in diameter and packed with a C18 reversed phase on particles 3 m in diameter.
Courtesy of the Perkin Elmer Corporation
Figure 32. The Separation of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons
The separation appears to be satisfactory and all the peaks appear to represent individual solutes; without further evidence, it would be reasonable to assume that all the peaks were pure. However, by plotting the adsorption ratio,, for the anthracene peak it becomes apparent that the peak tail contains an impurity as the clean rectangular shape of the peak top is not shown. The absorption ratio peaks are shown in figure 33.


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Improved Load Distribution – Accommodating for Tight Fits
FiberWALES are fiber reinforced structural sections with higher stiffness than plastic lumber. This distributes impact loads to more pilings in a fender system. The product was developed for fender geometries that require the wales be formed to a tight radius. This can be important in narrower channels or areas where many structures are in close proximity.
FiberWALE can be designed with different dimensions and thicknesses to cost-effectively meet performance requirements. Shapes can be box sections or hat sections. Bolted splices are used to join wale sections.


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Identifying ontology design styles with... Identifying ontology design styles with metrics Eleni...
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Identifying ontology design styles with metrics
Eleni Mikroyannidi, Robert Stevens and Alan Rector
The University of Manchester Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL
Abstract. This paper presents a metrics framework for identifying highlevel ontology composition styles as an abstraction layer for ontology comprehension. The metrics are implemented on top of the OWL API metrics, which have been extended to capture various aspects of an ontology. The metrics are applied to an ontology repository, and using clustering methods underlying design styles have been revealed. We seek to give a high-level view of how an ontology has been "put together" through the identification of authoring style using a range of ontology metrics. This 'ontological style' can be considered as a metamodel, giving an intuition of what lies "under the hood" of an ontology. This can be useful in the broader area of ontology comprehension. The results highlighted five design styles covered by the repository describing simple, as well as rich and complex ontologies.
We present the use of data-mining across a broad range of ontology metrics to describe the ontological design style of how a particular ontology has been authored in terms of its size, shape, number and disposition of axioms. Our aim is to use this guide to ontological style as part of a framework to facilitate ontology comprehension. OWL ontologies are often considered to be complex entities that require an excessive amount of time and effort to be used in conjunction with other ontologies or to be integrated into an application. One important task in authoring, using and re-using an ontology is its comprehension [6,12]; that is, understanding the ontology at a range of levels.
The process of understanding ontologies can be compared to the process of understanding code, its structure, organisation etc in software engineering. The OWL language can be compared with programming languages, as it represents the ontology as a series of statements or axioms. To comprehend an ontology, a reader has to take these statements and synthesise an understanding of how the ontology has been 'put together' and how it works; without such a comprehension, extension and maintenance are difficult. On a second level, the user has to identify those parts of the ontology that have been modelled with the same combination or pattern of constructors and entities, together with their interconnection with the other parts of the ontology. This already difficult task is made harder still as ontologies that are modelled with logic axioms can be
difficult to understand. In addition, ontologies that make use of advanced characteristics of OWL can lead to inferences that add complexity in their structure. As a consequence, a user can be faced with a logical artefact that is difficult to comprehend at many levels: The style of the modelling; the size and shape of the whole ontology; the patterns of axioms used; the entailments afforded by the ontology; and so on.
Metamodels can be helpful towards the comprehension of an ontology, as they provide abstraction layers that hide the complexity of the ontology. One such high-level abstraction is the ontological design style employed in a given ontology. By ontological design style we mean, very informally, how an ontology's axioms have been "put together". More precisely, ontology style is the summary of the main characteristics of composition and structure of an ontology. The design style can be assessed by inspecting the ontology,; however, metrics are helpful for giving an overview of an ontology's design style. The workflow for the generation of the ontology design styles is presented in Figure 1. In this paper, we use a range of metrics measuring various aspects of an ontology, such as the size, the complexity of the structures in the ontology, the axiom types etc. to provide a series of dimensions that characterise the design style. These dimensions constitute a rating scheme for describing the design style from a high level of abstraction. We then use clustering methods to group ontologies in a repository according to these various dimensions. Intuitively, we expect to divide the repository into groups such as small and complex, large and simple etc. Indeed, the results showed five main design styles covered by the repository, describing ontologies, which for example are small but rich and complex; ontologies in which most information is expressed in the taxonomy; ontologies in which information is expressed with rich object property hierarchies and class expressions; etc. These proposed design styles should help to reveal the main characteristics of the ontologies.
We believe that the detection and description of design styles can be helpful for comprehending an ontology, as it can give an intuition of its composition and an initial guide on how to inspect the ontology. For example, if there is a complex object property hierarchy and if all the entailments refer to property assertions, the user can start by inspecting these elements in the ontology. In general, these design styles could be used as the initial information that guides the choice of the comprehension tactic for an ontology.
2 Related work
Existing work on metrics is related to the assessment of the ontology quality in the scope of ontology integration and ontology modularisation. Recent work shows that metrics are used more for ontology analysis than for ontology comprehension by ontology authors or other users.
OntoQA is a metrics framework for assessing the quality in terms of reusing an ontology. Tartir et al. define metrics for the schema inheritance tree and its instances to evaluate the success of it in terms of modelling a realOWL API Metrics
Selection and definition
Processed Metric set
KMeans Clustering for defining the classes of the rating scheme
Data described according to the rating scheme
Ontology Design Styles
Fig. 1. Workflow for generating the ontology design styles
world domain. Although the described metrics are indications of the schema and the population of the ontology, they do not explicitly refer to the asserted or inferred class graph. both the asserted and inferred structure of an ontology need to be understood by an ontology's users. In addition, the schema metrics focus only on the class hierarchy. Object and data property hierarchy structures can also exist in the ontology and should also be considered, as they can cause additional implications upon use of an automated reasoner.
Yao et al. describe cohesion metrics to measure the modular relatedness of OWL ontologies. The cohesion refers to the degree to which the elements in a module belong together. Strong cohesion is recognised as a desirable property of object-oriented classes, as it measures separation of responsibilities, independence of components and control of complexity. The authors focus only on the class hierarchy of the ontology, without explicitly defining the constraints that should be considered for the computation of the metrics. Alternative representations can derive from the same subsumptions that could alter the measures. Such an example is shown in Figure 2. The subsumption axioms D v C, C v B, B v A can be represented differently depending on the consideration of direct and indirect inheritance. Therefore, the consideration of additional parameters are required to ensure the stability of the metrics.
In another direction is the use of statistical analysis to assess the design of an ontology from a high level. Ontology editors such as Protégé-4 and Swoop
Fig. 2. Different representation of the hierarchy derived from the same subsumption axioms.
provide simple metrics for an ontology. Protégé-4 has an introductory view pane that presents metrics that can give an indication of the size and some of the characteristics of the ontology, while Swoop provides some more details on the taxonomy and property hierarchy of the loaded ontology. Even though there are helpful tools that provide general statistics for ontologies, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive metrics for characterising ontologies in terms of design. These could be further used as a metamodel that presents the main characteristics of the ontology. Work close to metrics and metamodels is presented in [5,4]. However, the structural metrics defined by the authors have the same instability in terms of their computation as the aforementioned frameworks.
Efforts for describing ontologies and their complexity using metrics are reported in [9,10]. In the authors use the OWL API metrics and additional ones on the entailments of the ontologies to describe a biomedical repository. The work presented here is also based on the OWL API metrics. However, we use additional machine learning techniques to pinpoint underlying design styles of an ontology; it is this ability to give a high-level 'overview' of what kind of ontology style has been used in an ontology that is the contribution of this paper.
3 Ontology metrics fra


Survivors of the Firestorm
Mountain Ash Fact Sheet
Mountain Ash
Common Name: Mountain Ash
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species: E. regnans
Size and Growth Rate: Mountain ash grows relatively quickly, with an average annual growth rate of 3 feet (1 meter). They are the tallest of the eucalypts, capable of reaching heights of up to 490 feet (150 meters) but generally grow to about 330 feet (100 meters). It's the world's tallest flowering plant.
Life Span: Mountain ash has an average lifespan of 400 years.
Reproduction: The primary form of reproduction occurs through dispersal of seeds. This process is often initiated during severe fires when intense heat releases seeds from their hard casings, called gumnuts. The seeds germinate on the forest floor, receiving a boost of nutrients from the ashes left behind from the fires, and flourishing in the sunlight which reaches the ground through now-bare tree branches. Mountain ash trees can also regenerate through shoots sprouting from dormant buds protected beneath the fire-insulated bark., or which are stimulated when trees suffer significant loss of top growth—though this form of regeneration happens far less frequently.
Appearance: The base of the tree is quite rough but, as the tree grows, this rough bark sheds large ribbons, leaving the highest part of the tree with a smoother exterior. The lowest branches are nearly 100 feet from its base. The mountain ash leaf varies in shape; clusters of white flowers blossom during Australia's summer and autumn months, January to March.
Habitat: The mountain ash grows in deep soil in the cool, mostly mountainous areas of Victoria and Tasmania on the Australian continent. These regions are located at an approximate altitude of 3,300 feet (1,000 meters) with an average annual rainfall of 47 inches (1200 millimeters).
Conservation Status: The species is not considered to be at risk of extinction.
Additional Facts:
 - Mountain ash is a common name given to other unrelated species of trees, such as the Fraxinus texensis in Texas, the Sorbus in North America, and the Sorbus aucuparia, found mostly in Ireland and Britain.
 - In addition to mountain ash, the species has also been referred to as Victorian ash, swamp gum, Tasmanian oak and stringy gum.
 - The Australian mountain ash is the tallest flowering plant, and the tallest of the eucalypts.
 - Only California coastal redwoods are taller, though their heights are comparable.
 - The species is an evergreen, maintaining its leaves year-round.
 - Mountain ash is part of a diverse group of plants known as Angiosperms, or flowering plants, classified for their seed, flower, and fruit production.
 - Its leaves produce volatile, highly combustible oils.
 - Mountain ash produces excellent hardwood timber prized by the lumber industry for building and paper products, and also provides essential habitat for a wide variety of birds and mammals, including the endangered Leadbeater's possum.


One of the features missing from Visual Basic 2005 was support for what is known as friend assemblies. We are currently working on enabling Friend Assemblies for the next version of Visual Basic (code named Orcas). I wanted to share with you some of the nice things about friend assemblies and some of the gotchas. Much of the discussion applies equally well to C#, which supported friend assemblies in Visual C# 2005.
Declaring another Assembly as your friend
To declare another assembly A as your friend, simply insert the attribute InternalsVisibleTo("A"). I recommend that you put this in assemblyinfo.vb, where the rest of the assembly attributes go.
One of the rules regarding friend assemblies is that if the declaring assembly is a strong name assembly (that is, that it specifies a key file/container), then you can only declare friends that are also strong name assemblies. This means that you must specify the entire 128 bit public key in the InternalsVisibleTo attribute: InternalsVisibleTo("A, PublicKey=<128-bit Key>").
This prevents a strong name assembly from declaring friendship to any random assembly "A", and having any weak named (thus un-trusted) assembly named "A" reference your friend data.
See the following for more information on InternalsVisibleTo attribute.
NUnit, Unit tests, and Friend Assemblies
One of the scenarios enabled by such the friend assemblies feature is unit testing with NUnit (and other TDD frameworks that rely on being able to see privates). Note that VSTS does not rely on this feature, and VSTS code gens reflection stubs to get access to friend/private data.
This means that with Visual Basic Orcas, you can define your assembly A, and a test assembly TestA, and in assembly A, you declare TestA your friend, and TestA will now be able to access the friend members of A.
This attribute tells the compiler to emit code that makes TestA, with the public key MyKey, your friend. This will instruct the CLR to allow TestA to access friend members and fields in your assembly.
Inheritance and Friend Assemblies
Inheritance provides a unique problem for friend assemblies. Without friend assemblies, the scoping rules of classes (Public, Friend, or Private) are applied throughout the inheritance chain. Consider the following example, all classes defined in the same assembly:
Public Class A
Friend Overridable Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class B : Inherits A
Friend Overrides NotOverridable Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class C : Inherits B
Friend Overrides Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
In this case, the compiler will generate an error in class C because Foo is trying to override a method that was marked NotOverridable. So far, so good.
Now what if these classes were defined in three assemblies, A, B, and C (the names correspond to the classes)? Now, class B in assembly B cannot override Foo since it cannot see the Foo declared Friend in class A in assembly A.
But now, with friend assemblies, it is possible for assembly A to declare both assembly B and C as its friend. So now, class B can override Foo in class A, since it can see it. But what happens to class C? Class C in assembly C doesn't see the friend method in assembly B, and so it happily overrides Foo...oops. This will throw an exception at runtime, since B was "in the inheritance chain" but C, lower in the chain, could not see all the members it needed to see!
This is a unique problem introduced by friend assemblies.
What we did in the compiler was to dig through the class hierarchy and ensure that no hidden classes were changing the overriding semantics, and to generate a compiler error in this scenario.
There are other scenarios with the same idea; you can imagine that a hidden class seals a method but then provides another overridable method of the same name. I think we have taken care of all of these issues in the Visual Basic Orcas compiler; feel free to give the Visual Studio Orcas CTP a try and let me know if it doesnt work as you expect! tags:,
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About half of immigrant youth of Turkish or North-African origin drop out of high school before getting a diploma. The cause is the low social-economic circumstances of the youth, the other language and the late entrance into high school. This is according to a study of the Open Univesity of Brussels.
Less than 20% of boys and less than 25% of girls of Turkish and North-African origin start higher education. By ethnic Belgians that's 57% of boys and 71% of girls.
More than 40% of Turkish and North-African youth begin secondary education after the age of 12, which means they already have a gap to fill.
The researchers pointed out that it's impossible to catch up on such gaps later on.
Source: HLN (Dutch)


What does godspeed mean in the military
What do they mean by Godspeed?
good fortune; success
What does Godspeed mean in death?
To wish someone Godspeed is to wish them God's blessing in an endeavor that involves risk and reward like a business venture or a long journey. It's not something one would say to the bereaved when they've lost a loved one. It's not something one would say to the bereaved when they've lost a loved one.
Is Godspeed a religious term?
No it is not a religious term, but it carries a religious connotation: Godspeed (interj.) also God speed, by late 14c., "(I wish that) God (may) grant you success," from God + speed (v.) in its old sense of "prosper, grow rich, succeed." Specifically as a salutation by mid-15c.
Does Godspeed mean goodbye?
Godspeed is an archaic way of saying goodbye, and is used in modern English in situations where very great earnestness is not inappropriate, such as a very dangerous mission, for example, where lives are at risk. It means "May God speed you", that is, may God give you success.
What is another word for Godspeed?
Similar words for godspeed : bon voyage (interjection) have a nice trip (interjection) blessing (noun) event (noun)
Is it OK to say Godspeed when someone dies?
Whether your friend or loved one is embarking on a physical journey or a metaphorical one, you can always wish them " godspeed." This unusual phrase is a great way to wish people good luck in all things to come. " Godspeed." Etymonline.com, Online Etymology Dictionary, _URL_ godspeed.
How do you say someone died?
Popular Euphemisms for Death Passed, passed on, or passed away. Resting in peace, eternal rest, asleep. Demise. Deceased. Departed, gone, lost, slipped away. Lost her battle, lost her life, succumbed. Gave up the ghost. Kicked the bucket.
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Is saying RIP rude?
It is rude and thoughtless to say RIP to anybody or about anybody. It's rude and thoughtless to even imply that you can't write out, "may he rest in peace " when somebody has died.
Is Godspeed Barry Allen?
What does Godspeed mean in the Bible?
Godspeed, meaning "a prosperous journey," comes from the Middle English phrase God spede you ("God prosper you"). It was originally used to wish success to someone, like saying, "May you prosper." These days it's more often used to express hopes for a safe trip.
Is Godspeed good or bad?
The villain is a speedster but he is more powerful than any other speedster. Godspeed can separate speedsters from the connection they have to the speed force. While, he separates the speedsters connection he can kill a speedster. Instead of using his power for good, Godspeed prefers the evil route.
Is it Godspeed or Godspeed?
Who said good luck and Godspeed?
Malcolm Scott Carpenter
How do you wish Godspeed?
In the traditional, literal sense, you would say Godspeed! to people who are going on a journey. You are wishing them fast and safe travels. Godspeed! is sometimes said ironically or sarcastically to friends who part ways for smaller reasons.
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How fast is Godspeed?
670,616,629 mph