text:
Tenders in the PSD arena
As we talk about public safety diving (PSD) we hear a lot about the divers and their training or types of equipment divers need to get the job done safely. But when it comes to tenders they often get lost in the shuffle.
There are those who say you can take anyone off the street, hand them a tether line and make them a tender. What do tenders do after all? They get divers items they might have forgotten or need, and then they just hold the divers safety line and tell them when to change direction. They then bring the diver up every so often to check their air. Sounds very simple.
Then there are those who believe a confident, well-trained tender may be the most important person on the dive seen, especially as it pertains to the diver's safety and to search effectiveness.
This article will address two issues – the importance of tenders in general, and then the value of having dedicated tenders on the dive team.
Tenders function in several roles to the diver including director, assistant, and safety officer. Well trained tenders can effective make sure divers are physically, mentally, and equipment-ready to dive. They can evaluate environmental conditions to know what search patterns will be most effective and can ask the two most critical questions to diver safety: "What can go wrong on this operation?" "If those things do go wrong, does my diver my back up diver and I have hands-on practiced contingency plans to get us both home at the end of the day?" Yes, command staff should be asking those questions, but the tenders are the ones on the front line who should be catching the environmental details as they happen and who are constantly and consistently evaluating the overall operation and divers safety.
Let us review some of the responsibilities of the dive tender.
The tender helps the diver dress, which means he or she needs to thoroughly understand the diver's equipment, how it is assembled, and how it works. If something goes wrong they need to know how to fix it. For something as simple as switching tanks, tenders need to know how to properly tighten or re-thread the tank band – "metal, middle, bottom, and top".
Just consider what a tender needs to know and be capable of doing if the team dives dry. Tenders
must know how to properly assist divers in dressing a dry suit verses a wet suit. They need to make sure that the delicate neck and wrist seals are properly donned and are not too tight, cutting off circulation. They need to know how to immediately recognize the signs of carotid sinus reflex. Tenders need to make sure that the seals don't leak and are sitting in the right position, especially in contaminated water. Is the inflator valve in the correct 450 downward position for a rapid contingency disconnect and is the hose properly connected? Is the deflate valve set to the right position for the depth and temperature of the dive? Is the skull cap sitting properly under the hood, and is the face seal correctly cut to prevent leaks and to prevent the chin section from slipping upwards sealing off the diver's airway? Does the diver need ankle weights? Are the gloves properly donned to make a safe seal? Did the diver effectively 'burp' the suit? Is the diver's weight system loaded with the right amount of weight to keep the diver neutral to 2 lbs negatively buoyant depending on the dive job and environment?
1. While dressing the diver tenders perform several tasks.
- Tenders work alone or with divers to assemble the dive equipment and tenders perform the first check of the assembled gear prior to it being put on the diver. They know where everything is on the dive trailer or truck. A well-trained and experienced tender will recognize equipment problems and know how to fix many of them. They will know how to evaluate air leaks or full face mask problems, swap out a broken fin strap, manage a regulator freeze-up, and might even know how to quickly patch a vulcanized rubber suit on the scene.
- Tenders help divers dress and work to assure that divers do not overheat or wear themselves out just by getting dressed in a hurry or on a hot day. On cold days, tenders work to keep divers warm and help prevent equipment freeze-up problems. Tenders make sure that the gear is properly fitted and in full working order. Divers and tenders perform a full gear check prior to entering the operations zone. They assure that the all air is turned on and that pony bottle or other support systems are fully functional. They make sure that divers can effectively and reflexively reach all their equipment without looking, and if divers can't, good tenders will correct the problems.
- Post dressing tenders can re-affirm basic signals and begin a basic over view of what this dive operation is about and how tenders and divers might interact.
- Tenders check diver tether lines and perhaps electronic communication systems to assure they work properly, and when they don't experienced tenders will know how to fix them or who to see to get that done.
2. The tender helps the diver get to the water or boat and then runs the dive. Divers are basically underwater rovers with their tenders directing their movements and monitoring their times, air pressures, search quality, and breathing rates.
- Tenders assure that all the needed equipment is in place. They help belay the diver down a slope, up and over things that might be in the divers' way.
- Tenders do whatever is needed to keep the divers stay safe. They makes sure their divers are hydrated, and help keep them cool or warm as is appropriate for the conditions. A well-trained tender understands that dumping water over dry suit divers on a hot day is not the best way to cool them down, and know how to perform more effective procedures.
- If the diver-tender pair is the back up team, the backup tender coordinates with the primary tender in order to maintain a constant awareness of what the primary diver is doing and where the diver is in relationship ton the dive operation.
- Experienced tenders understand the need to know the difference between moving and non moving water and how to properly tend their divers and orchestrate a rescue of their divers in possibly changing conditions. Effective backup tenders continually maintain the record keeping for the primary team, in order to be alert and totally aware of what is going on during every minute of the dive in case he and his diver are suddenly needed, and to document the search effort.
- Backup tenders are aware that if the search item is not found they and their divers will be next in the primary slot. These tenders therefore should be aware of any difficulties during the prior dives.
- Well-trained tenders know how and why they needs to be counting divers breath rates (exhalations) every 5 minutes and how to extrapolate that information with depth and individual diver surface air consumption rates to calculate the air use of their black water divers who cannot read their own gauges, so divers do not have to come up every few minutes to have air checks. Trained tenders understand lots of up and downs are not good for their divers ears nor is positive way to maintain a consistent search.
- Tenders need to know to deal with line snags quickly and effectively. Often how to see it and correct it before the diver even knows it has happened
3. Tenders run the search. As the primary tender he needs to know how to play the game.
- Tenders must have a thorough knowledge of the teams' safety standards, and the standard operating procedures and guidelines. They also know how to apply them.
- Tenders must have a basic idea of how deep their divers are based on the angle of the safety line, must continually read line markings to know and document their diver's distance out. Experienced tenders understand the importance of a taped and measure diver tether line and know that putting loops in a line every so often is not going to give a repeatable distance. They know that loops in the diver's safety line will increases the chances of otherwise missed snags, will increase the coefficient drag on the line, and willl reduce the line's free movement through the water. They also reduce the ease of sending a signal as well as the distance a proper signal will travel.
- Experienced tenders know when their dives are okay or not. They know how to 'read' or feel little movements in the diver's safety line. They can distinguish movements that indicate that the diver's line has just caught a snag or has just become free of one.
- Well trained tenders know what to do if the diver's safety line does get snagged. It all sounds simple but what direction do you as a tender move if a diver doing an arch pattern catches a snag? The tender must immediately move in the opposite direction the diver is moving in order to maintain direct line access and be capable of signaling the diver to stop before his line is compromised to point where you can no longer get a signal to pass the snag, and before the diver begins to arch back toward the tender.
- Experienced tenders know how to tend divers in heavy grass, on slopes, in heavy mud areas, and where there are a lot of submerged trees or other debris. Only experienced and well trained tenders know how to safely and effectively tend a diver that has, or needs, to go under a pier or dock? Tenders, like divers, need specific training and experience to perform submerged vehicle dives. They need to know how to work their divers around vehicles, and when a tender controlled search should be changed to a diver-controlled search.
- Electronic communications can be a real asset to a search when used by competent tenders. Tenders need to understand that the more they talk the more divers will lose search concentration and are more likely to hold their breath while listening to their tender. Good tenders can


Quick Answer: What Is The Purpose Of A Tubigrip?
Is it OK to sleep with a compression bandage?
Please remove compression bandages at night while sleeping.
for best results.
As swelling reduces it may be necessary to adjust compression bandage..
What is a tubular bandage?
Tubigrip or tubular bandage is an elasticated stockinette compression support bandage commonly used for ankle sprains, arm injuries, knee support, sore muscles and bruising.
Should you sleep in a Tubigrip?
Only wear the tubigrip as instructed by your physiotherapist. Do not let anybody else use your tubigrip. Remove your tubigrip before you go to bed each night. Regularly clean your tubigrip as directed above.
How do you know what size Tubigrip to get?
Sizes are based on the width of the flat bandage. Stockinette can be washed. Contains latex….Calculate using the flat width to estimate the size needed:Measure circumference of the area needing compression.Divide measurement in half.Select the size closest to the measurement.
What is Tubigrip made of?
Tubigrip is made from cotton with covered elastic threads laid into the fabric to form free-moving spirals. The fabric is available in two colours, natural shade and flesh shade.
Are TED hose and compression stockings the same?
Whereas TED hose are prescribed for non-ambulatory patients, compression socks are best suited for patients who are able to move around. Generally, compression socks are for patients with circulatory problems such as venous insufficiency, lymphedema, and varicose veins.
What is the largest size Tubigrip?
Size F; 0.5m (Large knees, medium thighs – Limb size: 28-36cm) Size F; 1m (Large knees, medium thighs -Limb size: 28-36cm ) Size G; 0.5m (Large thighs – Limb size: 36-46cm) Size G; 1m (Large thighs -Limb size: 36-46cm )
Is Tubigrip good for sprained ankle?
'Tubigrip won't provide nearly enough support or compression to keep the swelling down. If you can put weight on the ankle, that's fine; but don't force it – the injured ligaments need time to heal. '
How long should a compression bandage be left on?
How long do I need to wear the bandage? The bandage needs to be worn until your ulcer has completely healed. It is recommended that the initial bandage will be changed after 48-72 hours. Thereafter the bandage will usually be left on for one week.
How do you keep bandages from rolling down?
To help stop bandages from rolling down, apply the comfort layer twice around the top of the leg. Coban 2 Layer Compression Systems will absorb and wick away skin moisture but are not designed as a primary wound dressing. The wound should be managed with dressings appropriate to the wound condition.
How do you measure for a Medigrip?
*For a full arm coverage, measure the largest part of the forearm. For a full leg or below the knee coverage, measure the widest point of the calf. And, for the hand, measure around metacarpophalangeal joint. Note: For correct tension, always use a double layer of Medigrip.
How do I keep my Tubigrip from rolling?
One of the great things about tubigrip is that it usually stays in place by itself. However, occasionally people find that tubigrip rolls down at the top slightly, especially on legs. My top tip is to get a coin and fold the top of the tubigrip over it and that should keep it in place.
How tight should Tubigrip be?
It is essential to get the right size and to apply tubigrip correctly to ensure it works effectively and safely. Too loose and it won't reduce swelling or provide support, too tight and it can be uncomfortable and could reduce circulation (blood flow). Tubigrip should feel tight but not restrictive.
How often should you elevate your legs?
The more the swelling and the longer there has been swelling, the longer and more frequently your need to elevate your legs. Start with 20 minutes twice a day. This might do the trick. If not, go to 30 minutes or even an hour.
How high should legs be elevated?
In addition, the natural flow of blood becomes much easier if your legs are elevated. Rather than making your veins put in extra effort to flow against gravity and up back to your heart, give them a break and elevate them at least 6 inches above your heart.
How do you wear ankle Tubigrip?
Compression – Wrap a tubigrip or elastic bandage from the toes to just below the knee, using even pressure. Wear this until swelling decreases. Loosen the wrap if your toes start to turn blue or feel cold. Elevate – Ideally make sure to elevate the ankle above heart level.
How long can you wear a tubular bandage?
Wear 24 hours per day. Wear during the day, every day, and remove before bedtime. Wear during the night, as tolerated.
Are compression socks for?
How long should you wear Tubigrip for?
You will be given an elastic bandage (tubigrip) and wound dressings to apply at home. After 48 hours you can remove the bandage, padding and white dressings. Try to leave the steristrips in place for 5-7 days. Can I have a bath or shower?
How much compression is in a Tubigrip?
Compression begins from the toes, through the calf to below the knees. Doubling the stocking will provide 10-15 mmHg of pressure. Finishing the bandage 2-3 cm below the knee will prevent a tourniquet effect from occurring.


text:
Settings Screen - Colours
Individual colours can be altered by selecting the appropriate item from the list, and clicking the Edit Colour Button. The Overlap colour is used when your connection is uploading and downloading at the same time, and the upload and download bars overlap to some extent, as shown:
The Info Text colour will be used for displaying information and messages in the main window, and should therefore stand out well from the selected Graph Background colour.
The Readout Text colour and Readout Background colour values determine the colour of the text, and background, in the Readout Area at the bottom of the main window.
The Graph Background Fade colour is only available if the Fade Background option has been selected. The Fade Colour is the colour that the background fades to, towards the bottom of the screen. For example, in the picture below the Background Colour has been set to Red and the Fade Colour has been set to Green*:
The Graph Border and Readout Border options control whether a black border is displayed around the Main Window, and Readout Area respectively.
If the Fade Background option is selected, then the Background Colour will slowly merge into the Fade Colour towards the lower part of the display, as seen above.
Colour Schemes allow you to save various different colour combinations, and then swap between them at will. BitMeter also comes with a number of ready-made colours schemes. To save a colour scheme, make the appropriate colour selections and then click on the Save Scheme button - you will be prompted to choose a name for the scheme, and then it will be saved and will appear in the Open Scheme selection list. To remove a previously saved colour scheme, select it from the list and click the Delete Scheme button.
*The author cannot be held liable for nausea or sickness, resulting from misuse of this feature

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to find the name of the current formfield
Article contributed by Astrid Zeelenberg
If you need to know which formfield the user tabbed out of in a macro you're using as on-exit macro you need to take into account that you can't always simply use the command Selection.Formfields(1).Name. This line won't work with a textformfield although it works with checkboxes and dropdowns.
If you need code to find out which formfield was tabbed out of, that works with every type of formfield, use:
If Selection.FormFields.Count = 1 Then
 'No textbox but a checkor listbox
 MsgBox Selection.FormFields(1).Name
ElseIf Selection.FormFields.Count = 0 And Selection.Bookmarks.Count > 0 Then
 MsgBox Selection.Bookmarks(Selection.Bookmarks.Count).Name
End If


YouTuber blocked for discussing 'black versus white' chess strategy
YouTube's AI blocks channel after allegedly mistaking discussions about CHESS pieces being 'black' and 'white' for racist slurs
 - Chess YouTuber Antonio Radic's channel was blocked for 'harmful' content
 - Radic thinks his discussion of 'black versus white' in chess strategy set off the AI
 - Researchers tested AI software 680,000 comments on YouTube chess channels
 - Over 80 percent of comments marked as hate speech were incorrectly flagged
 - Terms like 'black,' 'white,' 'attack' and 'threat' seemed to have set off the filters
YouTube's overeager AI might have misinterpreted a conversation about chess as racist language.
Last summer, a YouTuber who produces popular chess videos saw his channel blocked for including what the site called 'harmful and dangerous' content.
YouTube didn't explain why it had blocked Croatian chess player Antonio Radic, also known as 'Agadmator,' but service was restored 24 hours later.
The researchers suggest social-media platforms incorporate chess language into their algorithms to prevent further confusion.
Scroll down for video
Popular chess YouTuber Antonio Radic had his channel blocked last summer for 'harmful and dangerous' content. He believes the platform's AI mistakenly flagged him for discussing 'black versus white' in a chess conversation
With more than a million subscribers, Agadmator is considered the most popular chess vertical on YouTube.
But on June 28, Radic's channel was blocked after he posted a segment with Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura, a five-time champion and the youngest American to earn the title of Grandmaster.
YouTube didn't provide him with a reason for blocking the channel.
In addition to human moderators, YouTube uses AI algorithms to ferret out prohibited content—but if they're not fed the right examples to provide context, those algorithms can flag benign videos.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon tested two top speech classifiers, AI software that can be trained to detect hate speech. More than 80 percent of the comments the programs flagged lacked any racist language, but they did include chess terms like 'black,' 'white,' 'attack' and 'threat'
Radic's channel was reinstated after 24 hours, leading him to speculate his use of the phrase 'black against white' in the Nakamura was the culprit.
At the time, he was talking about the two opposing sides in a chess game.
Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh, a computer scientist at Carnegie Melon's Language Technologies Institute, suspected Radic was right.
'We don't know what tools YouTube uses, but if they rely on artificial intelligence to detect racist language, this kind of accident can happen,' KhudaBukhsh said.
To test his theory, KhudaBukhsh and fellow researcher Rupak Sarkar ran tests on two cutting-edge speech classifiers, AI software that can be trained to detect hate speech.
Radic's channel was blocked for 24 hours after he posted this video, featuring a conversation with Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura
Using the software on over 680,000 comments taken from five popular YouTube chess channels, they found 82 percent of the comments flagged in a sample set didn't include any obvious racist language or hate speech.
Words such as 'black,' 'white,' 'attack' and 'threat' seemed to have set off the filters, KhudaBukhsh and Sarkar said in a presentation this month at the annual Association for the Advancement of AI conference.
The software's accuracy depends on the examples its given, KhudaBukhsh said, and the training data sets for YouTube's classifiers 'likely include few examples of chess talk, leading to misclassification.'
Radić, 33, started his YouTube channel in 2017 and has more than a millions subscribers. His most popular video, a review of a 1962 match, has garnered more than 5.5 million views
If someone as well-known as Radic is being erroneously blocked, he added, 'it may well be happening quietly to lots of other people who are not so well known.'
 YouTube declined to indicate what caused Radic's video to be flagged, but told Mail Online, 'When it's brought to our attention that a video has been removed mistakenly, we act quickly to reinstate it.'
'We also offer uploaders the ability to appeal removals and will re-review the content,' a representative said. 'Agadmator appealed the removal, and we quickly reinstated the video.'
Radić, 33, started his YouTube channel in 2017 and, within a year, its revenue exceeded his day job as a wedding videographer.
'I always loved chess but I live in a small town and there weren't too many people I could talk to about [it],' he told ESPN last year. 'So, starting a YouTube channel kind of made sense.'
His most popular video, a review of a 1962 match between Rashid Nezhmetdinov and Oleg Chernikov, has garnered more than 5.5 million views to date.
COVID lockdowns have sparked a renewed interest in chess: Since March 2020, the server and social network has added roughly 2 million new members a month since the pandemic began, Annenberg Media reported.
The game of kings has also benefited from the popularity of 'The Queen's Gambit,' an acclaimed mini-series about a troubled female chess master that dropped on Netflix in October.
Source: Read Full Article


Convert brad to 1/60 of turn | binary radian to hexacontades
Category: main menuangle menuBinary radians
angle conversion
Amount: 1 binary radian (brad) of angle
Equals: 0.23 hexacontades (1/60 of turn) in angle
Converting binary radian to hexacontades value in the angle units scale.
TOGGLE : from hexacontades into binary radians in the other way around.
angle from binary radian to hexacontade Conversion Results:
Enter a New binary radian Amount of angle to Convert From
Enter Amount :
Decimal Precision :
CONVERT : between other angle measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Convert angle measuring units between binary radian (brad) and hexacontades (1/60 of turn) but in the other reverse direction from hexacontades into binary radians.
conversion result for angle:
1 binary radian brad = 0.23 hexacontades 1/60 of turn
Converter type: angle units
This online angle from brad into 1/60 of turn converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
0.23 1/60 of turn is converted to 1 of what?
The hexacontades unit number 0.23 1/60 of turn converts to 1 brad, one binary radian. It is the EQUAL angle value of 1 binary radian but in the hexacontades angle unit alternative.
How to convert 2 binary radians (brad) into hexacontades (1/60 of turn)? Is there a calculation formula?
0.234375 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
1 brad =? 1/60 of turn
1 brad = 0.23 1/60 of turn
Other applications for this angle calculator...
1. in practicing binary radians and hexacontades ( brad vs. 1/60 of turn ) values exchange.
2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs.
3. work with angle's values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two angle measurements are:
1/60 of turn
One binary radian of angle converted to hexacontade equals to 0.23 1/60 of turn
How many hexacontades of angle are in 1 binary radian? The answer is: The change of 1 brad ( binary radian ) unit of angle measure equals = to 0.23 1/60 of turn ( hexacontade ) as the equivalent measure for the same angle type.
Conversion for how many hexacontades ( 1/60 of turn ) of angle are contained in a binary radian ( 1 brad ). Or, how much in hexacontades of angle is in 1 binary radian? To link to this angle binary radian to hexacontades online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: angle from binary radian (brad) to hexacontades (1/60 of turn) conversion.


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 - 1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, in the domains of high-definition television and high-definition video. The term assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, a spatial resolution of 1920 pixels × 1080 lines, and a temporal resolution of 50 or 60 interlaced fields per second. This format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for "square pixels" to be used in HD video formats. Wikipedia


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Weight excluding chain: 5.7 grams Stone size : 3cm x 1.4cm
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condition in a finite dimensional normed space. Actually, the finite dimension requirement is due to some technical difficulties in order to prove some compactness properties. The problem is as follows:
We assume that the mapping is continuous and we put We need the following hypothesis:(H5) there exists a constant such that the mapping satisfies Now, we are ready to state and prove the following result.
Theorem 9. If the assumptions (H1)–(H3) and (H5) are satisfied, then problem (51) has at least one solution.
Proof. Let us define the operator by First, we notice that by using the same technique as that in the proof of the Theorem 8 we can establish that if, then ; that is, the operator maps the space into itself.
To prove that has a fixed point we use Schaefer's fixed point theorem. We proceed in four steps.
Step 1 ( is continuous). Let such that in ; then
Taking into account the assumptions (H2)-(H3) and (H5) and using Lemma 7 we get Calculating the integrals in the right-hand side we obtain So and accordingly, is continuous.
Step 2. Let and. Define ; then for any we have
Estimating the right-hand side we obtain implying that Hence is uniformly bounded.
Step 3 (we prove that is equicontinuous). Let ; then, for any, we have So As, the right-hand side of the previous inequality tends to zero, which means that is equicontinuous.
We point out that the closures of the subsets,, and,, are bounded in (); hence they are compact.
As a consequence of the previous steps and the -type Arzela-Ascoli theorem we conclude that is completely continuous.
Step 4. Now, we show that the set is bounded.
Let ; then, for some. Thus, for each, This shows that the set is bounded.
We conclude by Schaefer's fixed point theorem that the operator has a fixed point such that, which means that is a solution to problem (51).
Next, we establish the continuous dependence of the solution upon the initial value. We have the following.
Proposition 10. Under the hypotheses (H1)–(H3) and (H5) the solution of problem (51) depends continuously upon its initial value if
Proof. Since is a solution to (51), then it satisfies the integral equation (19). Let be a solution to problem (51) with initial value. Then satisfies the integral equation Estimating the difference between solutions and to (19) and (67), respectively, we get Taking the supremum over the interval we find that where which proves that the mapping is continuous from.
5. Example
Consider the following impulsive fractional integrodifferential problem We set,, and. We take,,,,,, and. Define For any and, we have Hence. Likewise, one has, for, then.
By (H1), we have On the other hand, using (H2) we obtain


Using pesticide sprays in the home 'could double risk of brain tumours'
Last updated at 23:14 04 June 2007
Using pesticides on house plants could more than double your risk of developing a brain tumour, a study suggests.
Those who use fly sprays, weedkillers and other chemical treatments on their pot-plants are 2.25 times more likely to develop brain cancer, the findings show.
Around 5,000 Britons are diagnosed with brain tumours each year. Some can be removed by surgery, but others can cause death quickly.
Little is known about the causes of most brain tumours.
The study - one of the biggest of its kind - suggests that chemicals found in pesticides play a role.
The findings come a week after British researchers warned that using pesticides while gardening could increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by more than 40 per cent.
In the latest study, French researchers asked more than 200 male and female patients with brain tumours about their past use of pesticides at work and at home.
They compared the answers with those given by a healthy group of similar age and upbringing.
It was found that those who had used pesticides on house plants were more than twice as likely to have developed a brain tumour.
The study, published in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, also found a clear link between pesticide use at work and ill health.
Overall, farm workers had almost a 30 per cent increased risk of developing a brain tumour.
But those who had used pesticides the most had more than twice the risk.
The researchers, from Victor Segalen University in Bordeaux, concluded: "These figures suggest that a high level of occupational exposure to pesticides might be associated with an excess risk of brain tumours.
"Treatment of house plants was also associated with an increased risk of brain tumour.
"It is of concern that they are sprayed in closed dwellings and are recommended for use every week."
They added that further research was needed as they could not rule out that differences in diet or exposure to chemicals in household cleaning agents had an effect on tumour development.
Nor could they pinpoint which products or chemicals were damaging the brain.
Georgina Downs, of the UK Pesticides Campaign, said: "This is a clear warning for people to think of other methods to keep plants free of bugs."
The Crop Protection Association, which represents pesticide manufacturers, said there was no conclusive link between pesticides and brain tumours.


text:
Chrysanthemum indicum L.NWSUAF
Name Submitted: Chrysanthemum indicum
Name: Chrysanthemum indicum
Match: Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Plant names were updated using the Taxanomic Name Resolution Service (_URL_)
Note: There may be other accepted names for a species not displayed here
The graphs are built from data from all publications in the database with this species name. In some cases this results in data from more than one variety included in the graph. In other cases the same species may have multiple graphs because of differences in names recorded for the plant.
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I am studying coinduction(not induction) as part of a class on static analysis. Rummaging around the internet, I am simply not finding a clear, concise description of:
 - How coinduction actually proves something(it seems that coinduction is like waving a magic hand in the treatments I've read)
 - What propositions require coinductive proof
 - How to operate a coinductive proof
I have reviewed Wikipedia and a tutorial on co-induction/co-algebras.
My best understanding:
Coinduction is used in propositions such as:
f(x) =... f(x)...
Where... denotes "stuff here that doesn't rely on f(x)".
Then, f(x) is assumed true, and the... is proved. If... holds, then the proposition f(x) holds, out to and including infinity.
The treatments I've read include a functional function Q that takes f(x) and returns some f'(x), and somehow that makes it all better.
At an abstract level, I read that coinduction operates over a coalgebra, which is dual to induction/algebras.
This (1) seems awfully like circular reasoning and (2)seems awfully like voodoo. I suspect part of what I'm missing is a careful and clear description of coalgebras, plus how we jump from algebra into a coalgebra and back again. The professor declined to go into that part of the subject.
Note: I'm not an algebraicist by study- I write software and my thesis is over low-level software operations. So this is really unfamiliar to me and I'm trying to de-jargon this into my head.
(semi-cross-posted from stackoverflow.com)
share|improve this question
Are you familiar with Haskell? Its data types are coalgebraic (by default). – Reid Barton Oct 16 '09 at 19:11
Not such that I can write it; I can follow it a bit. – Paul Oct 17 '09 at 17:55
2 Answers 2
Here's an informal example of a proof by coinduction.
The extended natural numbers E = {0, 1, 2,..., ∞} are the final coalgebra for the functor F(X) = 1 + X. (If we have an F-coalgebra X, i.e. a set X with a map f : X -> 1 + X, and an element of X, what we can do is repeatedly apply f until we get the element of 1 rather than a new element of X. Counting the number of times we got new elements of X gives us an element of E. This is the unique F-coalgebra map X -> E.) In Haskell we would write
data Nat = Z | S Nat -- possible values are Z, S Z, S (S Z),..., S (S (S...))
We can define addition:
add :: Nat -> Nat -> Nat
add Z b = b
add (S a1) b = S (add a1 b)
I'll prove that add a Z = a by coinduction. We perform case analysis on a. If a = Z then it follows from the first equation. If a = S a1 then add a Z = add (S a1) Z = S (add a1 Z) = S a1 = a where the next-to-last step used the coinductive hypothesis.
Why isn't that circular reasoning? We were allowed to apply the coinductive hypothesis because we did so inside an application of the "constructor" S. In other words, even if you didn't believe the coinductive hypothesis, you would still conclude that add a Z and a were both of the form Z or both of the form S x--in other words, add a Z and a agree for to one observation. Using that statement where we used the coinductive hypothesis, you find that add a Z and a agree to two observations, etc. Since an element of E is determined by all the finite sequences of observations we can make, it follows that add a Z = a.
(Note that this argument works even when a = S (S (S...))!)
Exercise: Give a formal version of this argument, using the definition of E as the final F-coalgebra.
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If you take the minimum solution of (Nat = Z | S Nat) then the argument by induction is (add Z Z = Z) and (add (S b) Z = S (add b Z) = S b). That is, it looks exactly the same as your argument by coinduction! Does this always happen? Often? – rgrig Sep 8 '10 at 12:06
This was my attempt to produce a proof by coinduction. A coalgebra for an endofunctor F on a category C is just an object of C, say X, together with a map, X \to FX. The best introduction to coalgebra I found was Bart Jacobs Introduction to Coalgebra.
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I actually came across your post when googling. Unfortunately, the jargon is a bit over my head at this point. :( – Paul Oct 16 '09 at 14:19
Your Answer


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glutInitWindowPosition and glutInitWindowSize set the initial window position and size respectively.
void glutInitWindowSize(int width, int height); void glutInitWindowPosition(int x, int y);
Windows created by glutCreateWindow will be requested to be created with the current initial window position and size.
The initial value of the initial window position GLUT state is -1 and -1. If either the X or Y component to the initial window position is negative, the actual window position is left to the window system to determine. The initial value of the initial window size GLUT state is 300 by 300. The initial window size components must be greater than zero.
The intent of the initial window position and size values is to provide a suggestion to the window system for a window's initial size and position. The window system is not obligated to use this information. Therefore, GLUT programs should not assume the window was created at the specified size or position. A GLUT program should use the window's reshape callback to determine the true size of the window.


if you need to make an edit to a file on a remote server simply
vim scp://hostname.example.com//path/to/file.txt (will require username on remote host to be the same as what you have on screen)
_EMAIL_'s password: (enter pw)
Press ENTER or type command to continue (hit enter, file opens, make edits, then save and close)
_EMAIL_'s password: (enter pw)
Or, if you need to connect as a different user:
$ vim scp://_EMAIL_//path/to/file.txt
If you need to specify an alternate port, use the familiar colon (:) syntax:
$ vim scp://_EMAIL_:5757//path/to/file.txt
That's all there is to it! The file is read into VIM from the remote system, if it exists. Then, you are free to make changes. When you save, changes are written to the remote system.
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5 Facts To Be Considered Before Naming Your Baby After Celebrity
In every era there has been a boom with the number of babies who are
5 Common Trends on How Babies are Named in Nepal
People often say that a lot of Nepali names are similar to the ones found
Do You Know These Secret Reasons Behind Nepali Babies Named After Their Parents?
Are we being subtly narcissistic for naming our baby after us? This is a question
Choose the Perfect Name for Your Baby
Taking care of a baby is difficult, difficult enough that even choosing the perfect name


text:
# Node count, 3 dim, no attribute, no boundary marker 8 3 0 0 # Node index, node coordinates 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1.0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 1.0 0.0 4 0.0 1.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 1.0 6 1.0 0.0 1.0 7 1.0 1.0 1.0 8 0.0 1.0 1.0
The attributes, which are typically floating-point values of physical quantities (such as mass or conductivity) associated with the points, are copied unchanged to the output mesh. If -p switch is used, each new Steiner point inserted on segments of the mesh has attributes assigned to it by linear interpolation. Furthermore, if -q, -a, or -i is selected, each new point added to the mesh to improve mesh quality has attributes zero.
If the fourth entry of the first line is '1', the last column of the remainder of the file is assumed to contain boundary markers. Boundary markers are used to identify boundary points (points resting on PLC facets). The.node file produced by TetGen contains boundary markers in the last column unless they are suppressed by the -B switch. The boundary marker associated with each point in an output.node file is chosen as follows:
TetGen can determine which points are on the boundary, input with the boundary marker zero (or use no markers at all) will result in output with boundary marker (1) for all points on the boundary.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
the name "TRAPEZOID" suggests, I first had the image of a trapezoid
form in rotation. So, the bezel is cut deeply, and a tachymeter is
provided on it. Numbers are proportioned like speed limits painted on a
road surface - stretched in height to be readable normally when viewed
from the front, despite their steep angles around the circumference.
It's a familiar scene and effect, and I've used it now in combination
with chronograph functions. In the same way, fashion and motor sports
are unified via the use of strong color contrasts; for example, yellow
numbers against a red face, and yellow-green against a blue face."
- Naoto Fukasawa - Trapezoid Designer
chronograph face looks like a functional dashboard. The numbers of a
tachometer are engraved on the side of the bezel. While some of the
numbers on the side of the bezel are upside down, they are in fact
oriented so as to be readable normally when viewed from the top.


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|Ways of Working|
There are differences between cities and countries in how the decisions are made, the services produced and strategies and policies implemented. The category Ways of working helps to understand the different ways of actions in different countries and provides a possibility to learn from others. The category contains general information about the functions of the city. Ways of Working tells about the principles of decision making, organisation, service production, and strategies and policies which have an effect on health promotion.
The category is divided into following sub-categories:
Decision making presents the principles of city level decision making and explains the processes behind it. In the sub-category you can also find information about the roles and responsibilities of the city and its different departments in wellbeing production. The sub-category also clarifies the role of the Healthy Cities steering group in the city structure.
Organisation explains the administrative structure of the city, with text and images.
Service production describes how the wellbeing services are organised in the municipal level and how these services support health promotion. The topic explains the wellbeing production responsibilities of the city.
Strategies and policies tells about the different strategies and policies which affect health and wellbeing in the city, and explains their purposes and goals.
|Last Updated on Friday, 22 February 2008 13:29|


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Saw Doctor's wagon
Harold Wright's mobile home and workshop
This distinctive wagon was the home and workshop of Harold Wright for more than 30 years. Wright migrated from England to Australia in 1930. During the Depression of the 1930s, national unemployment levels reached over 30 per cent and many people travelled as itinerant workers to survive.
Wright constructed this wagon as his home and workshop in 1935. For the next 34 years he travelled throughout north-west Victoria and New South Wales, promoting himself as 'The Saw Doctor'.
Wright travelled with his wife Dorothy, whom he met in Queensland, and their daughter Evelyn. The family had dogs, cats and chickens and they rarely spent more than a few days in any one place.
Wright attracted business by decorating his wagon, which he affectionately named the Road Urchin, with signs, trinkets and bright paint. He used a variety of grinding wheels and files to sharpen all manner of items, including saws, scissors, lawnmower blades, knives, and shears.
Moving with the times and the economy, Wright refurbished and enlarged the original horsedrawn wagon, fitting it onto the chassis of a truck, towing it with several different tractors and, when rising fuel costs and shortages started to bite, hitching it back onto a horse.
Wright continued to live and work in his wagon until his death in 1969. Soon after, Dorothy sold the wagon and tractor to a secondhand goods dealer in Wangaratta, Victoria. In 1977, the wagon was saved from obscurity and the scrapheap by collector Peter Herry, who recognised the remarkable vehicle that had trundled through his town during his childhood. The National Museum bought the wagon and tractor from Peter and Wyn Herry in 2002, ensuring that this extraordinary piece of history is preserved.
The 'office' side of the Saw Doctor's wagon
The 'home' side of the Saw Doctor's wagon
The cabin of the Saw Doctor's wagon
Recovering the wagon
Bringing the wagon safely to the National Museum in Canberra was a laborious process, involving many trips to Peter and Wyn Herry's farm near Wangaratta, about 400 kilometres away. Over six days, Museum staff packed and transported 3000 loose items – including hundreds of metal files – each of which were photographed, dusted, wrapped and labelled. Then the wagon, which weighed about five tonnes and was structurally unsound after decades in storage, was winched out of the Herry's barn, lifted onto a truck and driven to Canberra.
Conserving the wagon
The arrival of the dilapidated wagon and tractor at the Museum signalled the beginning of an extensive conservation project to rejuvenate and stabilise it. It took six months just to clean it, using a process of brush vacuuming and washing. Then the wagon, tractor and contents were treated to prevent further deterioration. Conservators stitched and reinforced the torn canvas awnings, stabilised and wax-coated the paintwork, and restored the tractor engine to working condition. Placing the wagon on the sub-frame seen in the photos below helped stabilise the structure and made it much easier to move around. Due to their sheer numbers, many of the loose tools and domestic items remain in storage.
Transport and treatment of the wagon and tractor
The Saw Doctor – Flash interactive
Audio and transcript of Door to store caring for your collection talk - Listen to members of the National Museum Registration team discuss the documentation, photography, uplift and transport that was needed to make the Saw Doctor's wagon a part of the Museum's collection.
The Saw Doctor's wagon is currently on show in the Hall at the National Museum of Australia.


Tinkerlab Art Starts - Rachelle Doorley
Tinkerlab Art Starts - Rachelle Doorley
 - $40.00
 Unit price per
Or 10 interest free payments from $4.00 with What's this?
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Get inspired with hands-on creative prompts for elementary-aged children featuring simple materials you can find at home from an experienced art teacher.
Open-ended art prompts that give children opportunities to think creatively rather than follow directions are essential to raising learners who are comfortable with the unknown and eager to tackle it with problem solving skills, self-efficacy, and critical thinking.
From drawing, painting, and paper cutting to making three-dimensional art with clay and recycled materials, these 52 fun and engaging ideas for creative art play use everyday household materials to get kids engaged in their own explorations. These activities are led primarily by the environment. The set up itself is the teacher and will encourage children to think of creative ways to use the provided materials. With foundational information at the start of the book, parents will understand the power of art prompts to foster children's creativity and will be given a variety of ideas for creating a makering space and encouraging self-directed play.


text:
Wallace & Gromit teach kids about invention and intellectual property
17 May 2012
Wallace and Gromit, the world-famous characters developed by British studio Aardman Animation, are the stars of an interactive exhibition on innovation and intellectual property (IP) which opened at Scienceworks in Melbourne on 19 May.
Wallace & Gromit's World of Invention showcases innovation and creativity in everyday life, highlighting the important link between invention and IP protection.
Visitors walk through different rooms in Wallace and Gromit's "house", where they can view both real and imaginary innovations, learn about important Australian inventors and discover how IP rights work in practice. Visitors are also encouraged to get creative themselves with activities such as devising a smoothie recipe and logo, inventing household tools and singing their hearts out in the Karaoke Disco Shower.
We are the principal sponsor of the exhibition in Australia and have worked with Scienceworks to ensure that the exhibition contains strong and accurate IP messages that are relevant to an Australian audience.
We hope that the exhibition inspires a new generation of Australian inventors who understand IP rights and how to use them to protect their inventions.
The exhibition will be in Melbourne until 11 November 2012 and then move to the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney from 12 December 2012 until 26 May 2013. Tickets are $19 for adults, $7.50 for concession holders and $6 for children.
We will be organising a number of events, competitions and activities associated with the exhibition so keep an eye on out for details. You can visit the ScienceWorks' website for more information.
Last Updated: 29/11/2012


Mammals (Laminated Poster)
Mammals (Laminated Poster)
The mammals on this illustrated poster are divided into three sections: the egg-laying monotremes, the pouched marsupials, and the familiar placental mammals (the latter is divided into 19 sub-sections, one for each order). Each is identified by its common name followed by its order name. A perfect complement to zoology lessons.
Poster measurements: 24" W x 36" H
Write Your Own Review
Mammals (Laminated Poster)
Please type the letters and numbers below
Customer Service _PHONE_
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text:
Mental health facilities play a crucial role in helping individuals with mental illnesses. However, there are often barriers that prevent patients from receiving the best possible care, including access to medications. To address this issue, mental health facilities can consider opening their own pharmacies, providing numerous benefits to patients and staff alike.
One of the most significant advantages of opening a pharmacy in a mental health facility is improved access to medication. Patients with mental illnesses often require multiple medications to manage their symptoms, and having a pharmacy on site ensures that these medications are readily available. This can also reduce the risk of medication errors or missed doses, which can have serious consequences for patients' mental health.
Additionally, having a pharmacy on site can improve communication and collaboration between doctors and pharmacists. Mental health facilities that open their own pharmacies can ensure that doctors and pharmacists work together to provide optimal care for patients. This can lead to more accurate medication management, better monitoring of side effects, and more effective treatment plans.
Opening a pharmacy in a mental health facility can also lead to cost savings. Patients who obtain their medications from the facility's pharmacy may be eligible for reduced co-pays or other financial assistance. This can help patients who are struggling financially to afford their medications, leading to better outcomes and improved quality of life.
Finally, having a pharmacy on site can help mental health facilities better manage their inventory of medications. By keeping a record of medication usage and demand, the pharmacy can ensure that there are always adequate supplies of medications on hand. This can prevent stockouts, reduce waste, and ultimately save money.
In conclusion, opening a pharmacy in a mental health facility can provide numerous benefits to patients, doctors, and staff. By improving access to medication, enhancing collaboration between doctors and pharmacists, reducing costs, and managing medication inventory more effectively, mental health facilities can better serve their patients and improve the overall quality of care.


text:
Stickmen's Guides To How Things Work: Trains And Automobiles
1 in stock
In Trains and Automobiles, find out about the combustion engine and electric and solar power, how Formula 1 racing cars stay on the road, how high-speed diesel, electric and 'magnetic levitation' trains zoom along, and more.
-Fun learning, with the Stickmen as your guide.
-Easy-to-understand cut-away illustrations explaining how things work.
-Packed with facts to engage curious minds.
-Essential reading for those who want to explore how things work.


text: Advanced fiber information system (AFIS) fiber length by weight as a function of seed position for two irrigation treatments (4.32 and 6.33 mm.d−1) in Lamesa, TX, in 2006 and 2007. First sympodial position. a,b denote the mean differences between seed position within irrigation treatments. A, B denote the mean differences between irrigation treatments within seed position. Means with same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05 level.


Pronunciation of Shoe
English Meaning
 2. A horseshoe.
 3. A part or device that is located at the base of something or that functions as a protective covering, as:
 4. A strip of metal fitted onto the bottom of a sled runner.
 5. The base for the supports of the superstructure of a bridge.
 6. The ferrule on the end of a cane.
 7. The casing of a pneumatic tire.
 8. A device that retards or stops the motion of an object, as the part of a brake that presses against the wheel or drum.
 9. The sliding contact plate on an electric train or streetcar that conducts electricity from the third rail.
 10. A chute, as for conveying grain from a hopper.
 11. Games A case from which playing cards are dealt one at a time.
 12. Informal Position; status: You would understand my decision if you put yourself in my shoes.
 13. Informal Plight: I wouldn't want to be in her shoes.
 14. To furnish or fit with a shoe or shoes.
 15. To cover with a wooden or metal guard to protect against wear.
 16. the shoe is on the other foot Informal The circumstances have been reversed; an unequal relationship has been inverted.
 17. wait for the other shoe to drop Slang To defer action or decision until another matter is finished or resolved.
Malayalam Meaning
 Transliteration ON/OFF | Not Correct/Proper?
ലാടം തറയ്ക്കുക - Laadam Tharaykkuka | Ladam Tharaykkuka ;ലാടം - Laadam | Ladam ;പാദരക്ഷ - Paadharaksha | Padharaksha ;നടുക്കുന്ന - Nadukkunna ;ചെരിപ്പുകൊണ്ടടിക്കുക - Cherippukondadikkuka ;ചെരുപ്പ് - Cheruppu ;
ചെരിപ്പിടുക - Cherippiduka ;പാപ്പാസ് - Paappaasu | Pappasu ;തൊടുതോല് - Thoduthol ;പാദുകം - Paadhukam | Padhukam ;ചുറ്റിടുക - Chuttiduka ;ചെരിപ്പ് - Cherippu ;ലാടം തറയ്‌ക്കുക - Laadam Tharaykkuka | Ladam Tharaykkuka ;ഷൂലാടംചെരിപ്പിടുക - Shoolaadamcherippiduka | Shooladamcherippiduka ;ഷൂ (ചെരുപ്പ്) - Shoo (cheruppu) ;ഷൂ - Shoo ;ഞെട്ടിക്കുന്ന - Njettikkunna ;
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text:
The bottlebrush buckeye plant, or Aesculus parviflora, is a shrub with lots of straight stems. Small white flowers cluster together at the tops of the stems. The bottlebrush buckeye plant can grow to become 12 feet high and 20 feet wide. Bottlebrush buckeye plants need proper care to thrive.
Locate a space on your property where your bottlebrush buckeye will have some shade and well-draining soil. If necessary, add peat moss or perlite to the soil to help the soil drain.
Water your bottlebrush buckeye once per week, allowing the soil to dry out in between waterings.
Feed your bottlebrush buckeye plant with 8-8-8 slow-release fertilizer. Apply 1 lb. of this fertilizer to every 100 square feet of space.
Spread a layer of mulch around the base of your bottlebrush buckeye plant that is at least 2 inches thick. This will keep the moisture in as well as protect the roots during the winter months.


text:
Many of the economic, social and environmental challenges faced by Europe today are not confined by national borders – their effects are felt and shared across countries. The EEA and Norway Grants Fund for Regional Cooperation recognises regional cross-border and transnational cooperation as a key driver to find shared solutions to these issues.
We aim to strengthen transnational cooperation to solve common European challenges.
The € 34.5 million Fund supports cooperation projects focusing on knowledge sharing, exchange of good practice and capacity building across the priority sectors of the EEA and Norway Grants 2014-2021. Within these sectors, funding is allocated to initiatives such as:
- Inclusive dialogue and the strengthening of transnational/regional networks, knowledge sharing and policy exchange to accelerate innovation
- The development of sustainable transnational cooperation structures between the business sector, public sector, civil sector and academia
- Engagements contributing to and enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in policy development and responses to common European challenges
The projects supported must be regional cross-border or transnational in nature and involve partners and activities in at least three different countries. Entities in the following countries are eligible for funding:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Czech Republic
- North Macedonia
Selection of projects
The Fund for Regional Cooperation has had one call for proposals, seeking transnational projects ideas within the 23 programme areas of the EEA and Norway Grants. Over 700 applications were submitted, involving thousands of entities across Europe. 20 projects have now been selected by the Financial Mechanism Committee to receive funding. The implementation period is expected to start in the autumn.


text:
Functional Modelling of Systems with Multiple Operation Modes: Case Study on an Active Spoiler System 06-14-03-0014
This also appears in
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems-V130-6EJ
This article presents the application of the Enhanced Sequence Diagram (ESD) for the analysis of the functionality of a system with shape-changing aspects in the context of its multiple operational modes, considering an active rear spoiler as a case study. The article provides new insights on the ESD support for model-based capture and articulation of functional requirements across multiple operation modes of the same system, with appropriate detail on attributes and metrics, and the alignment of these attributes and metrics in line with the concept of time through scope lines. The article also provides a comprehensive argument and discussion, exemplified based on the case study, for the support that the ESD provides for early systems functional and architecture analysis, within the context of a broader model-based Failure Mode Analysis methodology.


text:
Proving That (-1) * (-1) = 1
Date: 01/30/2006 at 10:59:35 From: Ken Subject: proof of why -1 x -1 = 1 At the high school level it is difficult to prove that -1 x -1 = 1. Is there a published proof somewhere? Thank you.
Date: 01/30/2006 at 11:14:11 From: Doctor Jerry Subject: Re: proof of why -1 x -1 = 1 Hello Ken, Thanks for writing to Dr. Math. If you scan down a bit in the FAQ Negative Times a Negative _URL_ you will find an explanation. A different way of approaching the matter is explained--at great length--in the book Foundations of Analysis, written by Edmund Landau. Landau starts with Peano's Axioms for the positive integers and from this constructs the set of real numbers. On page 85 of this text, Landau proves Theorem 197: For each pair of real numbers x and y, (-x)(-y) = x*y. This may be a bit much for high school kids, but it's a nice proof. Please write back if my comments are not clear. - Doctor Jerry, The Math Forum _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
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text:
SERPENTIX specializes in the design and manufacture of continuous path conveyors. Offering the three-dimensional continuous path™ conveyors, Three-Dimensional Conveying™ systems solve difficult bulk handling problems encountered in municipal applications. The unique capabilities of the Serpentix belt (and other design features of the various models offered) permit a single Serpentix conveyor to perform the work of multiple conventional conveying devices.
Serpentix Three-Dimensional Conveying Benefits Include:
- No Idler Rollers
- Positive Alignment
- Low Maintenance
- Adapts Easily to Existing Plant Layouts
- Tear, Abrasion, and Chemically Resistant Belting Surface
- Eliminates Transfer Points with Continuous Path Conveying


text:
Within Corporate Finance, there is a focus area where management optimize their cost structure. There are several key measurement to identify business risk under the name of leverage. They use the term elasticity of one percent change in one variable with regard to unit percentage change in another variable. The most commonly used degree of operating leverage and degree of financial leverage.
Attached is a screenshot of how I derived the equation based on the definition.
In the end, the term degree of total leverage is defined as %change in net income over %change in units sold. Once should reach to the conclusion easily that DTL = DOL * DFL


text:
A special Child Well-Being Index (CWI) report from Duke University tracks trends over time of middle and high school students exposed to peer-to-peer violence in schools.
Key findings include:
- From _PHONE_, more teens in middle and high schools were threatened than actually injured; these trends have now merged, in 2010, so that both threats and injuries occur at the same level.
- Trends in numbers of middle and high school students exposed to violence began to increase in 2002 and 2003, peaked between 2007 and 2008, and began to decrease around 2008 and 2009. Violence in schools increased in the early 1990s - prior to the more recent peaks.
- The annual numbers of teens injured without a weapon showed the greatest fluctuation. Injury without a weapon increased dramatically from 2003-2007, flattened out in 2008-2009, and decreased slightly in 2009-2010.
Visit our website to read more about the report.
New Book on the CWI!
The Well-Being of America's Children: Developing and Improving the Child and Youth Well-Being Index, edited by Kenneth C. Land, has been released by Springer.
This is the first book to address the development and refinement of the CWI to understand how the well-being of America's children can be measured and improved.


[Easy Ways] How to Fix a Bricked Phone
Android brick has multiple forms and it can occur to any device at any time. If your phone is behaving abnormally or is simply refusing to turn on, it is likely bricked and needs to be fixed using an appropriate fix method.
The following guide shows how you can find out if your phone is bricked, and if it is, what brick form it is and how to unbrick Android phone of yours. It covers everything you need to know about various bricks of Android based phones and tablets.
Part 1. How is Your Phone Bricked: Soft Brick, Hard Brick or Broken?
Before you find any methods on how to fix a bricked phone, it is important to know what bricked form your phone is in. Whether it is a soft brick, a hard brick, or it is completely broken. Match the symptoms of your device against the ones given below and you should be able to find it out.
1. What is Soft Brick?
A soft brick is the lowest form of an Android brick and these phones can actually easily be recovered. Your phone will show the following symptoms when it is soft bricked.
2. What is Hard Brick?
A hard brick is a more severe form of an Android brick. In this case, your phone will likely become unusable. Your phone will likely not turn on despite you pressing the Power button numerous times. Also, any other methods to revive the phone will also fail.
 - The phone won't turn on in any way or any formp
3. What is a Broken Android Device?
A broken Android device is a device that has one or many of its hardware components literally broken. This means a cable or any other part on your device has been damaged to the extent that it no longer does what it needs to do. As a result, your phone will not function.
Part 2. How to Fix the Soft Bricked Android Phone?
If yours is a soft bricked phone, then you have some really easy ways to fix it.
1. One click to Unbrick Android with Android System Recovery Tool
Tenorshare ReiBoot for Android is a one click unbrick tool for Android that helps you fix your soft bricked Android phones and tablets. It resolves the issues related with the core system that in turn fixes all other issues on your phone. It can be useful when your device shows the following symptoms.
When to Using ReiBoot to Fix Bricked Android?
 - A software error/crash occurred
 - Software problem occurred in the device mainly during OS upgrade or flashing
 - You fail to root the device properly
 - Installing malicious software on your Android phone or get virus attacked
How to Use ReiBoot to Fix Bricked Android?
If you would like to use it, the following shows how to unbrick a phone using the ReiBoot for Android software.
 - Download and launch the software. Click on Repair Android System.
 repair android system
 Image 1. Connect Android Device
 - Click on Repair Now.
 repair now
 Image 2. Repair Now
 - Enter your phone details and hit Next and wait for it to download the firmware.
 provide device details
 Image 3. Download Firmware Package
 - Click on Repair Now and wait for it to repair your phone.
 start repair
 Image 4. Start Repair
Your phone should now be repaired.
2. Wipe Your Data and Cache If Your Phone Keeps Rebooting:
When you are flashing a custom ROM, your Android phone will keep rebooting. This is because you forget to wipe all the data or cache of the previous ROM. The following is how to unbrick Android with this method.
 - Get your phone enters into the recovery mode, This method take ClockworkMod Recovery for example.
 - Use your volume keys to navigate the menus, and your power button to select menu items. Scroll down to Advanced, and choose "Wipe Dalvik Cache".
 - When that's finished, go back to the main screen and choose "Wipe Cache Partition".
 - Go to "Wipe Data/Factory Reset" to delete all your settings and apps, but you should still be using the correct ROM.
 wipe cache
 Pic 1. wipe cache
3. Flash a New ROM If Your Phone Boots Straight Into Recovery
If you boot up your phone straightly into ClockworkMod, then there's likely an issue with the ROM you flashed. In this case, you'll need to reflash new ROM.
 - Download the appropriate ROM (typically contained in a ZIP file) to an SD card.
 - Insert the SD card into your device.
 - Select Install updates from SD card.
 - Select the ZIP file containing the ROM.
 - Select Reboot system now.
 flash new rom
 Pic 2. flash new rom
Part 3. How to Fix the Hard Bricked Android Phone?
If your phone is hard bricked, the following methods on how to fix a hard bricked phone should help you.
1. Revive with a USB Jig
A few phones can be revived with a USB Jig. A USB jig is a small device that you can connect to your phone USB port and puts the phone into Download Mode to reinstall the stock firmware. You can find these for cheap on Amazon or eBay, but only for a very small number of devices.
usb jig
Pic 3. usb ji
2. Take It to A Repair Store
If no matter how hard you try, it won't work at all. Then you need take it back to your carrier's store or the nearest repair store and let them fix it for you.
That is how you fix a hard bricked phone.
Part 4. How to Fix the Broken Android Device?
If your phone is in the most severe condition, which is broken, then you can try the following ways to fix it. These methods do not use any Android unbrick tool.
1. Repair or Replace the Electrical Component
If your Android is broken especially after water damaged, dropped down, contact your manufacturer for the nearest service centre to find out the part of your phone that is damaged and have it replaced with a new one.
2. Buy a New Device
If the phone is damaged beyond repair, your last choice should be to get a new device.
Our guide above shows how to unbrick Android without recovery and with recovery so you can fix your phones regardless of how they are bricked: soft bricked, hard bricked or broken. We hope it really helps you out. If your Android phone stuck on recovery mode, headphone mode, bootloop, etc. ReiBoot for Android is really a professional Android fix software for you.
 Updated on 2020-02-19 / Update for Fix Android
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Witnessing practices of resistance, resilience and kinship in childbirth: a collective narrative project— Phoebe Barton
This article explores the in uence of sociocultural narratives on stories of birth, and the use of individual and collective narrative practices in responding to these stories. It emerged from a research project that included 12-recorded conversations with individuals and couples about their experiences of birth. The article describes narrative practices used in these conversations, including: re-authoring and the development of alternative storylines, particularly in response to stories of grief and regret about birth; deconstructing and externalising the context and narratives of birth, turning the gaze back onto structural or systemic issues rather than those at their affect; re-membering and strengthening stories of membership and connection during pregnancy, birth and early parenting; and the absent but implicit, including pain as testimony. The article discusses the methodology and ethics of a collective narrative project that included the production of a document that elevates the insider knowledges of storytellers about their experiences of birth.


text:
I've recently came across a post claiming that the following images are taken in Canada. A quick Google search told me that the first image is Spirit Island and the last is Moraine Lake. Third image was once (further images reuploads failed) identified as Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. Are those accurate findings? These places look gorgeous.
Spirit Island (identified by Google, map location):
Moraine Lake (identified by Google, map location):
Cass Scenic Railroad State Park (identified by Google, map location, but not of exactly this place):
Google failed to identify these two images:
Can someone confirm or otherwise name the locations?


text:
Empowering University Students Through Online Multiple Choice Questions
Editors: Chova, L.G., Martinez, A.L. and Torres, I.C.
Start date: 14 November 2016
Publisher: IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT, LAURI VOLPI 6, VALENICA, BURJASSOT 46100, SPAIN
The benefit of using online multiple choice questions (MCQs) to test knowledge acquisition, provide reassurance to learners that required knowledge has be understood and as a tool to detect knowledge deficits or misunderstanding have long been understood. Moving the MCQ online provides an opportunity to widen access, measure participation and interaction and to test the use of theories such as gamification in raising engagement by students. Aim of this paper is to describe how Bournemouth University developed, integrated and operated the MCQ application, Peerwise, to enhance the engagement and learning of undergraduate and postgraduate students in the context of flipped class environment. Using Peerwise, students create MCQs that are answered, rated and commented on by other students. Trophies awarded for contribution, feedback and usage ensure there is interest in the ranking tables and encourage higher levels of participation. Fielding's student as researcher concept is applicable here as students can use this tool to bring about radical change in their learning. The traditional tutor – student relationship is often seen as a demotivator for students whereas Peerwise replaces this with self-regulated learning and a more flexible model that can be accessed at any time, from anywhere and which, crucially, gives immediate feedback and explanations. Issues surrounding the length of time taken to provide feedback and the utility of that feedback are instantly overcome. This personalised and empowering approach enables students to develop their knowledge appropriately as they undertake individual transformations.
Bournemouth University embedded Peerwise in UG units. In line with previous studies Peerwise is found to be beneficial. After the successful trial, Bournemouth University has widened the use of MCQ through a staff-student co-creation project to generate university-wide question repositories that can be quickly and easily embedded in most taught units and which can also be used to give tutors experience and confidence in using a new technology-based learning tool and in this way to develop their own digital literacy. Peerwise allows improving student engagement by empowering students to regulate own learning processes.


The 'linebreak' option can be set to wrap at a blank character.
If the window has room after the last line of the buffer, Vim will show '~' in
the first column of the last lines in the window, like this:
 |some line |
 |last line |
 |~ |
 |~ |
Thus the '~' lines indicate that the end of the buffer was reached.
If the last line in a window doesn't fit, Vim will indicate this with a '@' in
 |first line |
 |second line |
 |@ |
 |@ |
Thus the '@' lines indicate that there is a line that doesn't fit in the
When the "lastline" flag is present in the 'display' option, you will not see
'@' characters at the left side of window. If the last line doesn't fit
completely, only the part that fits is shown, and the last three characters of
the last line are replaced with "@@@", like this:
 |first line |
 |second line |
 |a very long line that d|
 |oesn't fit in the wi@@@|
If there is a single line that is too long to fit in the window, this is a
special situation. Vim will show only part of the line, around where the
cursor is. There are no special characters shown, so that you can edit all
parts of this line.
{Vi: gives an "internal error" on lines that do not fit in the window}
The '@' occasion in the 'highlight' option can be used to set special
highlighting for the '@' and '~' characters. This makes it possible to
distinguish them from real characters in the buffer.
The'showbreak' option contains the string to put in front of wrapped lines.
If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap. Only the part that
fits on the screen is shown. If the cursor is moved to a part of the line
that is not shown, the screen is scrolled horizontally. The advantage of
this method is that columns are shown as they are and lines that cannot fit
on the screen can be edited. The disadvantage is that you cannot see all the
characters of a line at once. The'sidescroll' option can be set to the
minimal number of columns to scroll. {Vi: has no 'wrap' option}
All normal ASCII characters are displayed directly on the screen. The
is replaced with the number of spaces that it represents. Other non-printing
characters are replaced with "^{char}", where {char} is the non-printing
character with 64 added. Thus character 7 (bell) will be shown as "^G".
Characters between 127 and 160 are replaced with "~{char}", where {char} is
the character with 64 subtracted. These characters occupy more than one
position on the screen. The cursor can only be positioned on the first one.
If you set the 'number' option, all lines will be preceded with their
number. Tip: If you don't like wrapping lines to mix with the line numbers,
set the'showbreak' option to eight spaces:
 ":set showbreak=\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "
If you set the 'list' option, characters will not be shown as several
spaces, but as "^I". A '$' will be placed at the end of the line, so you can
find trailing blanks.
In Command-line mode only the command-line itself is shown correctly. The
display of the buffer contents is updated as soon as you go back to Command
The last line of the window is used for status and other messages. The
status messages will only be used if an option is on:
status message option default Unix default
current mode 'showmode' on on
command characters 'showcmd' on off
cursor position 'ruler' off off
The current mode is "-- INSERT --" or "-- REPLACE --", see |'showmode'|. The
command characters are those that you typed but were not used yet. {Vi: does
not show the characters you typed or the cursor position}
If you have a slow terminal you can switch off the status messages to speed
up editing:
 :set nosc noru nosm
If there is an error, an error message will be shown for at least one second
(in reverse video). {Vi: error messages may be overwritten with other
messages before you have a chance to read them}
Some commands show how many lines were affected. Above which threshold this
happens can be controlled with the'report' option (default 2).
On the Amiga Vim will run in a CLI window. The name Vim and the full name of
the current file name will be shown in the title bar. When the window is
resized, Vim will automatically redraw the window. You may make the window as
small as you like, but if it gets too small not a single line will fit in it.
Make it at least 40 characters wide to be able to read most messages on the
last line.
On most Unix systems, resizing the window is recognized and handled correctly
by Vim. {Vi: not ok}
8. Definitions *definitions*
 screen The whole area that Vim uses to work in. This can be
 a terminal emulator window. Also called "the Vim
 window A view on a buffer.
A screen contains one or more windows, separated by status lines and with the
command line at the bottom.
screen | window 1 | window 2 |
 | | |
 | | |
 |= status line =|= status line =|
 | window 3 |
 | |
 | |
 |==== status line ==============|
 |command line |
The command line is also used for messages. It scrolls up the screen when
there is not enough room in the command line.
A difference is made between four types of lines:
 buffer lines The lines in the buffer. This is the same as the
 lines as they are read from/written to a file. They
 can be thousands of characters long.
 logical lines The buffer lines with folding applied. Buffer lines
 in a closed fold are changed to a single logical line:
 "+-- 99 lines folded". They can be thousands of
 characters long.
 window lines The lines displayed in a window: A range of logical
 lines with wrapping, line breaks, etc. applied. They
 can only be as long as the width of the window allows,
 longer lines are wrapped or truncated.
 screen lines The lines of the screen that Vim uses. Consists of
 the window lines of all windows, with status lines
 and the command line added. They can only be as long
 as the width of the screen allows. When the command
 line gets longer it wraps and lines are scrolled to
 make room.
buffer lines logical lines window lines screen lines
1. one 1. one 1. +-- folded 1. +-- folded
2. two 2. +-- folded 2. five 2. five
3. three 3. five 3. six 3. six
4. four 4. six 4. seven 4. seven
5. five 5. seven 5. === status line ===
6. six 6. aaa
7. seven 7. bbb
 8. ccc ccc c
1. aaa 1. aaa 1. aaa 9. cc
2. bbb 2. bbb 2. bbb 10. ddd
3. ccc ccc ccc 3. ccc ccc ccc 3. ccc ccc c 11. ~
4. ddd 4. ddd 4. cc 12. === status line ===
 5. ddd 13. (command line)
 6. ~
top - main help file
Help FAQ Both


a female given name.
Read Also:
 - Rose-aphid
 noun 1. a dark green aphid, Macrosiphum rosae, that feeds on roses and related plants.
 - Rose-apple
 noun 1. any of various tropical trees belonging to the genus Syzygium, of the myrtle family, especially S. jambos, of the East Indies, having showy, greenish-white flowers and oval, yellowish fruit. 2. the fragrant fruit of any of these trees, used in making jellies and confections. noun 1. an ornamental myrtaceous tree, Syzygium jambos, of […]
 - Roseate
 adjective 1. tinged with rose; rosy: a roseate dawn. 2. bright or promising: a roseate future. 3. incautiously optimistic: a roseate forecast for holiday sales. adjective 1. of the colour rose or pink 2. excessively or idealistically optimistic
 - Roseate-spoonbill
 noun 1. a tropical New World spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja, having rose-colored plumage and a bare head.


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Home arrow Computer Science arrow A Practical Guide to TPM 2.0
Password Authorization: The Simplest Authorization
Password authorizations are the simplest authorizations, so I will describe them first. This section presents the password authorization lifecycle: how to create a password authorized entity, how to alter the authorization for an existing entity, and how to use a password authorization to authorize an action.
Password Authorization Lifecycle
A password authorization has a very simple lifecycle: create an entity using a password as the authorization, and then authorize actions on the entity. In more detail, the high-level steps required to create and use a password authorization are as follows:
1. Create an entity that will use an authorization value, or change the authorization value for an existing entity. This step is typically performed once per entity.
2. Authorize actions using the password authorized entity. This step can be performed multiple times for a particular entity and can occur any time after the entity's password has been set, whether by creating the entity or by changing its authorization.
First let's look at step 1, creating an entity to use a password authorization or altering the password for an existing entity.
Creating a Password Authorized Entity
To create an entity, use the following commands: TPM2_CreatePrimary, TPM2_Create, and TPM2_NV_DefineSpace.6 Each of these has a parameter field for passing in the authValue that will be used to authorize actions on the entity. This authValue can be used either as a simple plaintext password or as an input to an HMAC authorization, but since this section is describing a password session, it just describes its use as a password. HMAC authorizations are described after we finish with passwords.
Here are some more details about the three TPM commands used to create entities:
- TPM2_CreatePrimary is used to create primary objects (objects directly under the primary seed) in a hierarchy. The USER authorization can be a password authorization if the
inPublic parameter's userWithAuth attribute is set; this means authorization for actions that require the USER role can be performed by a password or HMAC. The authValue, a password in this case, is passed in by setting the userAuth field of the inSensitive parameter to the password.
- TPM2_Create is used to create objects that can be loaded into the TPM. The authorization type, userWithAuth, and the authValue are configured by setting the same fields used by TPM2_CreatePrimary.
- TPM2_NV_DefineSpace is used to define an NV index. A password authorization can be used if the attributes TPMA_NV_AUTHREAD and/or TPMA_NV_AUTHWRITE are set. The input parameter, authValue (the password), is passed in as the auth parameter of the TPM2_NV_DefineSpace command.
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After learning 1-12, Newcomers are ready for the teens. These can be taught as 13 = 3 + 10 = thir(3) + teen(10), etc. Teen stands for ten. After students learn these, I introduce the tens. 20 = twen(2) + ty(10), etc. These words use -ty to indicate x10.
Next, I teach word stress. Teens stress the second syllable and tens stress the first syllable - thir TEEN, THIR ty. This is very difficult for students to hear and say. I raise my hand to indicate the stressed syllable. After lots of practice, we do dictation pairs of teens and tens (14 or 40, 15 or 50, etc.)


How Do Bearded Dragons Sleep?
How Do Bearded Dragons Sleep
Bearded Dragons come from deserts in Australia. Unlike other nocturnal reptiles, they are diurnal animals that are active during the day and sleep at night. Some of them have a lot of behaviors which is so cute that you will burst out laughing once you see them. If you have a beardie, you easily understand "how do bearded dragons sleep?" and their strange sleeping habits below.
How Much Time Should Bearded Dragons Spend Sleeping Per Day?
Bearded Dragon Lethargic
Typically they wake up as the sun is up and goes to sleep as it becomes darker. A BD usually sleeps around 8 to 12 hours per day and it depends on the temperature or the seasons.
The higher the temperature, the more time they spend sleeping.
They usually sleep around 12 hours in winter and 14 hours for an extremely hot summer.
That means beardie sleeping a lot in summer.
If your BD can sleep in the right schedule for a long time, which help their health better in the future.
It's no reason for any light when the BD is supposed to sleep.
Only if a flashlight or the light of your mobile phone also can disrupt this stage.
Remember to switch all the lights off is the best way to help them experience a long sleep as easily as possible you can do.
Why Must Bearded Dragons Spend More Time To Sleep?
Just like a baby, a baby beardie must sleep the same amount of time as an adult BD does, which helps him maintain good health, grow at the most rapid rate, and reduce stress.
You have to take him to get used to sleeping in a day-night circle of the sun rising or setting.
Make sure that he will go to sleep as well as wake up at the same time each day.
The baby beardie will grow up to full of length in the first 12 months. It estimates 16 inches to 22 inches, BD reaches their maximum length in a short time.
So in this stage of their life, the BD must adhere to a strict bedtime routine to get good conditions to grow.
How Do Bearded Dragons Sleep
Does Bearded Dragon Dream In Deep Sleep?
According to the newest report, the reptile may dream and have a deep sleep with a rapid eye movement and slow-wave stage, just like humans. Until now, only birds and mammals such as humans may have this behavior.
When a person who is falling asleep rapidly moves his eyes, their heart rate rises and the muscle is out of control. Finally, their dream is coming soon.
What is beardie's dream? If someone asks me something like that, I just response to them a friendly smile and "I don't know".
Do Bearded Dragons Sleep With Their Eye Closed Or Open?
bearded dragon heat bulb watt
Some people try the best to observe a beardie when he sleeps, then they come to the conclusion most of their eyes closed just like humans.
Is it right for all time?
According to the newest reports, most of the BD sleep with closed eyes, however, if there is any light, they will open their eyes.
Should you do best is that turn the light off completely including the red light to avoid disturbing their sleep.
Many beardies close their eyes in various situations.
For instance, when you hold it on your arm too long, the first thing they do is that close their eyes to protect themselves. On the contrary, these behaviors indicate that they are not comfortable.
3 Strange Sleeping Habits Of Bearded Dragons
bearded dragon sleeping a lot in summer
#1 Covered In The Warm Sand To Sleep Like With A Blanket
If you see a BD has covered themselves with sand, don't be surprised.
There is adherently abnormal for this habit, just like you with a blanket at night. Once they lie under the sand to regulate their body temperature and block the direct sunshine.
Besides, there is one other reason for digging in the sand of the BD.
Maybe you just got a new beardie, they have not adopted a new environment, and they have to learn how to get used to some new friends.
They are intended to dig a hole to hide from other dominant BD.
#2 The Strange Posture
best substrate for baby bearded dragons
Many BD usually lies on their stomach just like any animals; however, there are other postures they may use daily.
In the wild, beardie is slightly arboreal so they have an awkward sleeping posturevertical sleeping position.
It's not too seldom to see a BD falling asleep with their fingers against the glass in the vertical position.
#3 The Bearded Dragons Sleeping All-Day
Like any reptiles, the beardie also prepares for winter's sleep.
When winter comes, a BD will be likely to start a brumation, a natural process. They also have several symptoms such eat less, find a safe corner to hide, or stop basking,…
The temperature of the tank is too low, it's won't be able to digest their food, maintain their good health. They tend to sleep a lot or all day instead of activating such as basking, eating,…
Otherwise, "my beardie just sleeps all day due to the wrong light setup"- Some ower said.
Factly, the UVB light plays an important role in their absorption.
A suitable UVB light mode to help the BD to absorb vitamin D3 and calcium, but don't use UVB light when they are falling asleep, which disturbs their sleep.
If the temperature drops very low, you can use a heat controller.
Though the bearded dragon sleep schedule is likely to those of humans, several behaviors are so strange. This makes a difference between beardie and other animals.
It doesn't matter if you are a newbie or an experienced owner with my BD, let's learn to know how to take care, detect their symptoms as earliest as possible. Make sure they get at least 8 to 12 hours per day for a bearded dragons sleep schedule.
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Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Self-disclosure is both the conscious and unconscious act of revealing more about ourselves to others. This may include but is not limited to thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, dreams as well as our likes, dislikes, and favorites. Many people attempt to avoid "self-disclosing" too much to co-workers, or when dating for fear of being judged negatively by others.
Typically self-disclosure is done when we initially meet someone and as we continue to build and develop our relationships with people. As we get to know each other we equally self-disclose things. If one person is not willing to "self disclose" then the other person may "shut down" or stop disclosing information about themselves as well.
In a counseling session, the patient or client does the "self disclosing" while the counselor, or therapist listens. Their role is to help the client see things from different angles. The allows the client to see and evaluate options he or she may not have thought about, which gives the client more power when making important life decisions.
See also Edit
References & BibliographyEdit
- Sprecher, S. (1987) The effects of self disclosure given and received on affection for an intimate partner and stability of the relationship, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 4: 115-28.


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Researchers at the University of Michigan have created a mini sensor that draws its energy from micro sized solar panels as well as heat and or movement. The sensor is 0.10" by 0.14" by 0.03".
The sensor only needs one nanowatt to operate-that's one billionth of a watt. Most of the time it would be in sleep mode and only waking to record movements or changes. They're thinking possible uses would be inside the human body to monitor head and eye pressure, tumors, environmental changes, building and bridge monitoring.
Read about the tiny solar powered sensor here at Physorg.com.


How to Clean Your Rotary Evaporator
By Aimee O'Driscoll, 16 December 2019
A rotary evaporator is a complex piece of equipment with multiple components. As such, it's definitely not the simplest item in the lab to clean. However, it's important to clean your rotary evaporator properly. Leaving residue in its components could pose safety risks or affect the outcome of subsequent applications.
There are two main ways to clean your rotary evaporator glassware, both of which we'll discuss further below, including their pros and cons:
 1. The "quick and dirty" method: This involves a quick flush with acetone or another solvent.
 2. Thorough cleaning of glassware: In this case, you need to dismantle the apparatus before cleaning.
In either case, you should aim to clean the rotovap soon after you finish using it. This avoids residue drying onto the glassware and making it more difficult to clean.
1. The "Quick and Dirty" Method
You may have heard about a fast and simple method to clean your rotary evaporator glassware using a quick flush with acetone. The video below illustrates how this is done, but here are the general steps:
 - Fill a small to medium-sized two-neck round-bottom flask about halfway with acetone. (A three-neck flask with a stopper in one socket will work too.)
 - Connect one socket to the rotovap (where the evaporation flask would usually go). You can secure it in place or hold it with one hand. Note, the flask should not be set to spin during this process.
 - Use your thumb to close the second socket of the two-neck flask.
 - Set the vacuum pump to around 250 mbar and switch it on. You should start to see the acetone boil as a result of the reduced pressure.
 - Quickly remove your thumb from the socket and you'll see acetone shoot through the rotovap.
 - Close the socket with your thumb again and repeat the flush if needed.
The obvious advantage to this method is that it's very fast. You don't even need to dismantle your setup. However, it could potentially cause problems. The rapid suction of the solvent into the system means you could up with solvent in your vacuum pump. If this gets into the oil of an oiled pump, it will decrease the time you'll have between oil changes. If you're using an oil-free pump such as a membrane pump, it could become flooded with solvent. If this happens, you'll need to keep it running to help clear the solvent and dry it out.
In either case, in the long run, you're better off skipping this cleaning method altogether and dismantling your setup for cleaning instead.
2. Thorough Cleaning of Glassware
The proper way to clean your rotary evaporator is to take it apart and wash each piece separately. Removable and washable parts include the evaporation flask, condenser, collection flask, and vapor tube.
Many manufacturers will provide advice about cleaning a specific rotary evaporator's components, but these are the basic steps:
 1. Ensure parts are adequately cooled (chilled condensers should be at room temperature).
 2. Remove the component and dispose of its contents according to regulations.
 3. Flush the component with an appropriate solvent. If necessary and suitable as per manufacturer specifications, you can use a brush to remove more stubborn residue.
 4. Allow components to dry before reassembly.
Depending on your application, you may wish to sterilize your glassware using an autoclave. Just bear in mind that if you're using safety-coated glassware, there may be some restrictions on what settings you use and how long you autoclave for. In particular, you should avoid sudden changes in pressure as this can cause the coating to come away from the glassware, leaving folds and creases in the coating once the glassware cools.
Cleaning Other Parts of a Rotary Evaporator
Aside from the glassware, you need to keep up with regular cleaning of other parts of the rotary evaporator.
 - The exterior of the rotovap unit: Cleaning the outside of the rotary evaporator is relatively straightforward. You can wipe it with a cloth moistened with water and a mild detergent, but you should avoid using a flammable cleaning agent such as ethanol on the outside of the unit.
 - The heating bath: This should also be cleaned with an appropriate solvent or water and a mild detergent. Note that some manufacturers advise not to use solvents on a bath, particularly those with Teflon coatings. Be sure that the bath is switched off before cleaning and that the evaporation flask, if still attached, is in the upper stop position.
 - Protective covers: These can be removed and cleaned, but note that they may scratch easily, so avoid using abrasive materials for cleaning. Covers made of protective glass may be sensitive to certain solvents, so it's best to stick with water and a mild detergent.


How do I reset scale in AutoCAD?
How do I delete unused scales in AutoCAD?
In the properties tab, scroll to Text > Annotation and set it to Yes. In the annotative scale box, click the box that appears to the right of the current scale. Select the scale to be purged and click Delete. Click OK.
How do I change the default scale in AutoCAD?
 1. Use a default DWT file which uses the correct units and scale lists. acad. dwt or acadlt. dwt for Imperial units. …
 2. Adjust the MEASUREMENT system variable to match the desired units for the drawing. This will cause the default scale list to change accordingly. MEASUREMENT = 0 (Imperial).
16 февр. 2020 г.
How do I change the scale in AutoCAD 2020?
To Change the Scale of a Drawing View
 3. Click the lookup grip. A menu appears.
IT IS INTERESTING: Quick Answer: How do I open an AutoCAD file that is not valid?
29 мар. 2020 г.
How do I change the annotation scale in AutoCAD 2018?
Model Space
 1. Enter QVDRAWING on the command line.
 2. The Quick view model and layout thumbnails are displayed.
 3. Click the Model thumbnail.
 4. On the status bar, click the Annotation Scale drop-down list and select the scale to set current.
11 янв. 2018 г.
What is Annoautoscale?
Adds the newly set annotation scale to annotative objects that support the current scale except for those on layers that are turned off, frozen, locked or that are set to Viewport > Freeze. 2.
Why is my AutoCAD drawing so small?
1- may be your space reason is too much large as compare to your drawn size. 2- your dimensions are being scaled. Best optionafter making first thing " press–> Z–> hit enter/space bar–> A–> hit enter/space bar. Whole thing will be scaled and fit in to your screen.
How do you calculate scale?
How do you scale up drawings?
How to Scale Up a Drawing
 2. The copy machine / print shop method. …
 3. The home printer method. …
 4. The projector method.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many types of scales are there in AutoCAD?
11 дек. 2017 г.
What is the default scale in AutoCAD?
Type ATTACH and press enter then select an image and click OK. Specify a point in the drawing are to insert it and press enter to accept the default scale of 1.
How do I know the scale of my drawing in AutoCAD?
Press Ctrl + A on your keyboard to select all elements in the drawing. Type 'scale' in to the command bar and press enter. AutoCAD will ask 'SCALE Specify base point:', type '0,0' (without the quotes) and press enter. to view the data.
How do I change scale space in AutoCAD?
To Set the Dimension Scale for Model Space Dimensions in Layouts
 1. Click Drafting tab > Dimension panel > Dimension Style.
 4. Click OK.
 5. Click Close to exit the Dimension Style Manager.
4 февр. 2019 г.
How do you scale in AutoCAD?
 1. Type LINE on the command line and press Enter.
 2. Draw a line that is the desired length the image reference length should be then press Enter. …
 3. Select the object to be scaled and type SCALE into the command line and press Enter. …
 4. Click at the base point, then type R for 'Reference'.
Sketch up