Anansi the Spider
by Gerald McDermott
Anansi the Spider raises philosophical questions about the nature of reciprocity and its relationship to fairness.
Anansi the spider is an African folktale character who is associated with skill and wisdom and often triumphs over foes larger than he. In this story, Anansi goes on a journey only to find himself in great danger. One of his six sons can sense trouble and alerts his brothers to come to their father's rescue. When Anansi is rescued and arrives back home safely, he has trouble figuring out which son deserves a reward for saving him. He consults Nyame, the "God of All Things," for help.
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Guidelines for Philosophical Discussion
Anansi the Spider raises philosophical questions about the nature of reciprocity and its relationship to fairness: he wants to reward one of his sons with a globe of light for saving his life, but has trouble deciding which son is most deserving. The norm of reciprocity requires that one make fitting and proportional responses to both the benefits and harms one receives — the ultimate goal being to produce stable, productive, fair, and reliable social interactions. Fairness could be described as giving each individual his or her proportional due.
There are many issues embedded in how to determine what fairness requires. For example, what is a fair way to measure what someone is 'due', and how can one be sure they have reciprocated in a 'proportional' fashion? Should an individual's contribution, whatever it may be, be measured by their effort or by their output? How does this come into play in group collaborations? Where fairness is a vital part of reciprocity, it can be a difficult aspect to navigate because people's ideas about what is 'fair' are largely subjective. What one person deems to be a fair and 'proportional response' may be very different from the next person, and herein lies the problem. Although fairness is an essential part of determining a reciprocal response, it is sometimes difficult to define what is fair in a given situation and find the appropriate proportional response can be hard.
When deciding on how to reciprocate, or show gratitude, one should consider the impact it will have on a social group as a whole — Should Anansi reward one son, or all? Would it be fair to reward a single son? Is Anansi obligated to reward each son because of reciprocity? What is the appropriate reciprocal response to having one's life saved? Would it have been unfair only to express his gratitude? It depends on who you ask.
Questions for Philosophical Discussion
"O mysterious and beautiful globe! I shall give this to my son, to the son who rescued me."
 1. Should you always receive a reward for your work?
 2. Would it be okay for Anansi just to say thank you for his son's help? Does he even need to say thank you?
 3. Do people expect credit for helping others?
 4. Is accomplishing a task a sufficient reward in and of itself?
 5. Does receiving a reward for actions make one feel appreciated?
 6. Do people need to be rewarded to know they are appreciated?
 7. Is it unfair not to receive a reward for your work?
 8. If no one received credit for their actions, would rewards or credit still be expected?
"And so they tried to decide which son deserved the prize. They tried, but they could not decide. They argued all night."
 1. Why do you think Anansi decided to reward his sons? Why does he want to give them the globe of light?
 2. Who should decide which son gets rewarded?
 3. What makes someone capable of deciding who should receive a reward? What are the qualities of someone who is well suited for rewarding others?
 4. Why does Anansi choose to ask Nyame for help deciding who deserves the globe of light?
 5. How do those who take charge of rewarding others decide what reward is appropriate?
 6. Is there a process for deciding what reward is fair or appropriate?
 7. Should more credit be given for physical or psychological work? Which is more important?
Rewards in a group setting
"But which of the six deserves the prize?"
 1. Should each son get his own reward? Can they share the globe of light?
 2. When you work in a team, who should receive credit for the teamwork?
 3. Does every member of a team contribute equally? Should all team members be rewarded equally?
 4. If you cannot accomplish something without the help of others, yet you put forth most of the work, how should the credit be distributed?
 5. Can you share credit? Rewards?
 6. Is the person who tries the hardest in a team always the one who submits the best work? Who deserves more credit, the person who tries the hardest, or the person who contributes the most? Do they deserve equal credit?
Original questions and guidelines for philosophical discussion by Ysanne Bethel and Olivia Vicioso. Edited June 2020 by The Janet Prindle Institute for Ethics.
Find tips for leading a philosophical discussion on our Resources page.
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Back to All Books Illustrated book cover for Anansi the Spider featuring a black spider made out of sharp geometrical shapes. The spider's face is also made out of geometric shapes, and slightly resembles a human face. Download & Print Email Book Module
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Some of the books on this site may contain characterizations or illustrations that are culturally insensitive or inaccurate. We encourage educators to visit the Association for Library Service to Children's excellent resource guide for talking to children about issues of race and culture in literature. They also have a guide for navigating tough conversations.
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You can access our My Property tool to find local schools, closest public transport options and more.
There is no agreement on the origin of the name Bahrs Scrub. It is quite possible that the area got its name from German settler Carl Wilhelm Bahr, born in 1840, or his son Wilhelm, born in 1860. The name may originate from Jimmy-bark Scrub, as reported by a correspondent for The Queenslander newspaper in 1866, who documented his journey through the Albert and Logan districts. The area is called Barr's Scrub in a letter to the editor of a local paper dated 21 February 1874. The hill between Bethania and Holmview has always been locally known as Bark Hill, so perhaps the name evolved from this.
Windaroo Creek rises in Bahrs Scrub and flows eastwards into the Albert River. In 1993, approval was given for the construction of a state high school to called Bahrs Scrub State High School. When it opened, it became known as Windaroo Valley High School, with the name taken from the housing estate being marketed at the time. Formerly in Albert Shire, then Gold Coast, Bahrs Scrub was made part of Logan City in 2008.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- Rhymes: -eɪʃən
indentation (plural indentations)
- The act of indenting or state of being indented.
- A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.
- A recess or sharp depression in any surface.
- The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
- A measure of the distance from the flush line; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems.
notch or recess in a margin or border
recess or sharp depression in a surface
act of beginning a line at a distance from the flush line

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


slow temp rises
Stephen Richard
You have fused a piece of glass that is now 6 or maybe even 9 mm thick, so you have to go slow for two reasons at least. 1. you have to give the glass the opportunity to get hot all the way through. 2. fast temperature rises lead to breakages either on the way up or during the slump.
So a rise of ca. 100 C or 150 C is as fast as you want to go. When using slow temperature rises you often can achieve the work at a lower temperature, and with a longer soak are certain to get the work done. Unless the glass is all of one colour/sheet all across itself, fast heating will lead to the darker and softer (not the same) becoming plastic before the rest of the sheet and even before the bottom is soft enough to begin to slump. That is when the weight of the glass above can split the bottom without completely breaking the piece.
Stephen Richard
blogs at: and
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Stilt houses in southern Ca Mau help cope with climate change
CA MAU — Residents are building stilt houses to adapt to rising sea levels in southernmost Ca Mau Province's Ngoc Hien District.
Chairman of the district People's Committee Nguyen Truong Giang said the province was below sea level and its 254-km coastline and 800km of river and canal lengths were the most threatened by climate change in the country.
"In the last five years, the sea level has risen higher and higher in this district, and only the old style houses with stilts were unaffected by the problem," Giang said.
Stilt houses suited the conditions and also the tight economics in Ngoc Hien District where the rate of poor households ranked as one of the highest in the country, Giang said.
A stilt house cost VND20-50 million (US$950-1,900) and stands on 1-1.5m piles made from mangrove timber. It helps people avoid the moisture of coastal salt water, especially at high tide.
Tran Van Phung, in Dat Mui Village, said such houses cost less because timber from mangrove trees was cheap and the homes did not have much furniture, such as beds, chairs and tables.
The houses lasted about 10 years and could withstand 1-m sea levels, said Phung adding in the past, traditional houses went under 20cm of water.
In the last five years, Ngoc Hien authorities had helped 1,200 poor households build the houses. Most offices, companies and residential houses were also built on stilts.
However, Giang warned that stilt houses could only adapt to rises in sea level, not strong storms. The district banned people from building their houses near the sea and encouraged those who had houses there to move to safer areas.
Along coastal rivers there were thousands of vulnerable households facing high tides regularly.
Apart from stilt houses, Ngoc Hien District was asking for money to build sea dykes to mitigate further climate change impacts. — VNS


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The migration of the naturally derived antimicrobial (AM) agents, linalool, carvacrol, and thymol, from\ud low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films containing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer into the food simulants,\ud isooctane and various ethanol/water mixtures, was studied with a view towards examining the applicability of a\ud first-order kinetic approach as well as a diffusion model approach for describing these systems. The results suggest\ud that the proposed models adequately describe the release of AM agents. The combination of kinetic and diffusion\ud analyses can provide additional information about the release process using the same data set. The analyses suggest\ud that the release of linalool from LDPE/EVA depends on the EVA content in the formulation and that an optimum\ud level of EVA is required to minimize the rate of release. A modification of the existing "idealized diffusion" model\ud is proposed that enables the model to be applied to systems that demonstrate a departure fromlinearity when subjected\ud to conventional analysis. The applicability of the idealized diffusion modelwas compared with the "simulantlimited"\ud model and the results suggest that the formermodel is appropriate for describing most real systems when\ud the simulant (or foodstuff) is favored in the partitioning of the AM agent between the film and the simulant
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


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Mike Kaspar web site
Fort Craig was one of the largest forts constructed in the west, and was critical to both the Indian Campains and the
Civil War.Established in 1854, the primary function of the fort was to control Apache and Navajo raiding, and to protect the
central portion of the Camino Real, a trail which stretched from northern Mexico to San Juan Pueblo, 30 miles north of Santa
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Fort Craig remained a Union Army Post, manned by regular army troops.In 1862, after
capuring several military installations in southern New Mexico, Confederate troops under the command of General Henery Hopkins
Sibley marched up the Rio Grande to Fort Craig.The battle for Fort Craig happend on Febuary 21,1862, Sibley's troops fought Union Troops led by Colonel R.S.
Canby.The battle of Valverde took place upstream from Fort Craig at Valverde Crossing.General Sibley had won
a Confederate victory, although Union troops succeeded in holding the Fort and detroying half of the confederate supply wagons.What
remained of the Confederate supplies were lost at the battle of Glorieta, east of Santa Fe on March 28,1862, forcing the Confederates
to retreat back to Texas.


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Performing an SEO audit? Contributor Max Prin demonstrates how to find all of a website's indexed subdomains using a simple (and free) Chrome plugin.
An SEO audit is rarely limited to the www (or non-www) version of a website. When looking for potential duplicate content, it's often important to know how many subdomains exist and, more importantly, how many of them are indexed by Google.
The good old search operators
An easy way to find indexed subdomains is to use search operators.
- Start with "site:" and the root domain.
- One by one, remove each subdomain (including: "www") from the results with the "-inurl:" operator.
- When there are no more results for Google to return, your query with the search operators should include all subdomains indexed.
However, this technique has its limits. It's unlikely that the site you're auditing has as many subdomains as wordpress.com, but you may come across a site with several dozen subdomains. This can potentially cause the following issues:
- The process can be long, especially if it needs to be done for several domains.
- You might get Google "captchas" along the way.
- The size of queries is limited (around 30 keywords). Thus, if your query is too long (too many -inurl operators), you will get a 400 error page from Google.
- Once you're done, you still need some editing to create a nice list of subdomains to work with.
The solution: a simple Chrome extension, by Google
This extension, Personal Blocklist (by Google), will make your life easier. It allows you to "block" domains from appearing in your search results.
The key here is that the extension operates at the subdomain level and stores the domains in a list.
- Once added to Chrome, start with the same "site:domain.com" search command.
- Under each result now appears a "Block subdomain.domain.com" link.
- Click on each link until your result page is empty.
- You're almost done! Simply click on the extension icon, then "export," then copy/paste into Excel.


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On behalf of Gov. Mark Schweiker, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Secretary David E. Hess announced that this month's episode of the Emmy-award-winning television series GreenWorks for Pennsylvania features stories about people working to protect Pennsylvania's watersheds.
"Raising awareness of the role watersheds play in our environment is one of the cornerstones of Pennsylvania's 'Growing Greener' program," Hess said. "The current episode of GreenWorks features people of all ages learning about, protecting and restoring Pennsylvania's watersheds.
GreenWorks, produced in a video-magazine format, takes viewers across the Commonwealth to spotlight people doing positive things for the environment. GreenWorks is supported by DEP and the Environmental Fund for Pennsylvania (EFP). The current episode runs through October. This month's episode includes these features.
* The Radnor Middle School Watershed Program in Delaware County, which takes students out of the classroom and into the field to learn about watersheds first hand.
* Members of the Delaware RiverKeepers, who worked on mitigating stream bank erosion by clearing, regrading and covering a stream bank with a biodegradable mesh of coconut fibers allowing native plants to regain a healthy foothold.
* The Pottstown Watershed Alliance, which removed an old dam in the Manatawny Creek in Pottstown, Montgomery County, to improve water quality.
* Members of the Swatara Creek Watershed Association and DEP staff, which cleaned up 33 acres of abandoned mine drainage in Schuylkill County.
* The River Sojourn 2001, where people from all walks of life canoed and kayaked on Pennsylvania rivers to connect with and appreciate the beauty and power of the state's natural water resources.
"We all depend on rivers and watersheds for drinking water and more," EFP Executive Director Timothy J. Schlitzer said. "I hope this program will deepen viewers' understanding and respect for what it takes to protect our precious waterways."
EFP funds environmental education and improvement projects from contributions made through employee payroll-deduction programs established by businesses and the Commonwealth and other donations.
The series reaches more than five million households in Pennsylvania through 83 cable television stations as well as the Public Broadcasting Service.
For a listing of stations carrying GreenWorks and information on particular broadcasts, visit the GreenWorks website through the PA PowerPort at _URL_, directly at _URL_, or call EFP at 1-800-PAGREEN ext. 1.


Kenyans Odi Dancing in Covid-19 Quarantine Inspire Hope [VIDEO]
Kenyans quarantined at Kenyatta University protest against the government on Wednesday, April 15, 2020
A break from the doom and gloom occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic came in the form of a viral video of Kenyans dancing at a quarantine facility that surfaced on Monday, June 1.
In a hospital gown, one of those in the ward excitedly got up as he started dancing to Phone Stress by Busy Signal, a popular Dancehall tune and a favorite among odi dancers.
As he continued with the groove, other patients in the ward joined in, each showing off their moves as they beckoned a health worker in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to join in.
The nurse stole the show and had the ward watching as she happily odi danced to the tune, with other dancing patients urging her on in the background.
Odi dancing was made popular by young Kenyans inventing moves to Dancehall songs, and moved into the mainstream thanks to a hit of the same name by Timeless Noel. It became entrenched in the Gengetone music genre that subsequently emerged in 2018 and took over the charts.
The video of the dancers in quarantine inspired a large section of Kenyans who took to social media to express the joy and hope it brought them.
Particularly, the video was credited with helping combat stigma brought about by the pandemic even as the government reiterates messaging against stigmatization of those infected with Covid-19 or in quarantine.
Those in quarantine have faced stigma even after leaving the facilities Covid-19 free, with many friends, relatives and neighbors afraid of associating with them in fear of contracting the disease.
Some of those who arrived in the country from foreign nations and were subjected to mandatory quarantine for 14 days have recounted their struggles in re-integrating with their family, friends and communities.
Common complaints include the fact that in places such as home, no one wants to touch what they have touched and they are often confined to separate spaces.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), social stigma is the negative association between a person or group of people who share certain characteristics.
In the Covid-19 scenario, patients may be labelled, stereotyped, discriminated against, treated separately, and experience loss of status.
This stigma, WHO explains, is predicated on the fact that it is a new disease, the fear of the unknown and the ability to associate it with 'others'.


text: Pakistan's glacial melting woes Published: 2 May 2022 There are more than 6,000 glaciers in northern Pakistan, including Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). These are clean water reservoirs that actually irrigate Pakistan. But these glaciers are changing rapidly due to climate change. The ecosystem of these areas is changing. Global warming has accelerated their melting and more lakes have been formed as a result. Flooding due to the melting endangers lives and livelihoods of millions of local people and adversely affects the ecology.


Retrieve attribute from user store
The API Gateway user store contains user profiles, including attributes relating to each user. After a user has successfully authenticated to the API Gateway, the Retrieve From User Store filter can retrieve attributes belonging to that user from the user store.
Database settings
Configure the following fields on the Database tab:
User ID:
Select or enter the name of the message attribute that contains the name of the user to look up in the user store. For example, if the user name is stored as admin, select the message attribute containing the value admin. The API Gateway then looks up the user in the user store using this name.
Enter the list of attributes that the API Gateway should retrieve if it successfully looks up the user specified by the User ID field. To add attributes, click the Add button. Similarly, to edit or remove existing attributes, click the Edit or Remove buttons.
Advanced settings
Configure the following fields on the Advanced tab:
Enable legacy attribute naming for retrieved attributes:
Specifies whether to enable legacy naming of retrieved message attributes. This field is not selected by default. Prior to version 7.1, retrieved attributes were stored in message attributes in the following format:
For example, ${user.email}, ${user.role}, and so on. If the retrieved attribute was multivalued, you would access the values using ${user.email.1} or ${user.email.2}, and so on. In version 7.1 and later, by default, you can query for multivalued retrieved attributes using an array syntax (for example, ${user.email[0]}, or ${user.email[1]}, and so on). Select this setting to use the legacy format for attribute naming instead.
Prefix for message attribute:
You can specify an optional prefix for message attribute names. The default prefix is user.
Fail on empty result set:
Specify whether this filter fails if the result set is empty. This setting is not selected by default.
Related Links


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Blue cohosh: (Caulophyllum thalictroides). A tall North American perennial plant with large blue berries. Blue cohosh is sold as an herbal dietary supplement that can induce labor. Blue cohosh contains the glycosides caulosaponin and caulophyllosaponin, which cause uterine contraction and constriction of the coronary arteries in experimental animals. There is considerable concern about the medical safety of blue cohosh. Newborn babies have been reported who have had a heart attack or stroke after the mother took blue cohosh to induce labor.
Blue cohosh was an American Indian remedy. It was principally used by the squaws as an agent to facilitate childbirth. It was therefore known as squawroot or pappoose root. It is also called blueberry root.


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Lobster, California spiny
The California Spiny Lobster fishery is a small but locally important and largely sustainable fishery in southern California.
Abundance of Spiny Lobsters off California varies with broad-scale changes in environmental conditions caused by El Nino and La Nina.
State managers closely regulate commercial fishing for Spiny Lobster, but do not monitor recreational catches. Bycatch is low. Spiny Lobster traps generally allow undersize lobsters and other animals to escape.
This fish may have high levels of mercury that could pose a health risk to adults and children. More mercury info here.


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Excerpt from "Telling Spaces" (see texts)
In the middle of the area known as the 'Old Hall', Helwing places a large reading table and invites the viewer to read. The table is based on a measuring system that exists in architecture. Laid out on it are
documents and literature on Christian Helwing, Gerhard Marcks and the history of the Museum. From this, the question that follows more or less automatically is why he is exhibiting in this Museum?
Marcks was primarily concerned with pithy forms and volumes; for Helwing it is about spatial relationships and a viewer who is (intellectually as well as physically) on the move. The two concepts do not clash, and even possess quite a remarkable area of intersection in the concept of measure. It is this dimension which ensures that it is not merely the younger artist staging the other to best effect. Arie Hartog
Material: black paint, MDF boards, drink crates, museum's stools, archival documents


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 - Little, Brown
 - Little, Brown
A Little Book of Latin for Gardeners
Peter Parker
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Gardening: plants
How did the delphinium get its name? Which parts of the body lend their names to auriculas and orchids? Who are the gentian, lobelia and heuchera named after? Why are nasturtiums and antirrhinums connected? What does an everlasting pea have to do with Indian miniature paintings?
These are some of the questions answered in Peter Parker's adventurous exploration of the mysteries of Botanical Latin.
Evolved over many centuries and often thought to belong to the rarefied world of scholars and scientists, this invented language is in fact a very useful tool for everyday gardening. It allows us to find our way around nurseries; it sorts out confusions when two plants have the same English name; and it gives us all kinds of information about how big or small a plant will grow, what shape or colour it will develop, and what habitat it prefers.
In his lively survey, Parker agues that Botanical Latin is not merely useful, but fun. The naming of plants draws upon geography, social and medical history, folklore, mythology, language, literature, the human body, the animal kingdom and all manner of ancient beliefs and superstitions.
The book, beautifully illustrated with old woodcuts, explains how and why plants have been named, includes handy lists of identifying adjectives, and takes the reader down some of the stranger byways of human endeavour and eccentricity.
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Peter Parker
Peter Parker was born in Herefordshire and now lives and gardens in London's East End. He is the author of two books about the First World War, The Old Lie and The Last Veteran, biographies of J. R. Ackerley and Christopher Isherwood, and Housman Country: Into the Heart of England. He has written about plants and gardens for HORTUS and the Daily Telegraph, and is a former Chair of the Royal Horticultural Society's Lindley Library Advisory Committee.
He can be found online at, and


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Webtrix is a remix of the great puzzle game Tetris. The object of the game is to arrange the falling figures to complete horizontal lines within the playing field. Webtrix starts with a clear playing field (19 cells high by 10 cells wide) and shapes randomly falling one at a time from the top of the playing field. The shapes are made of four adjacent small blocks arranged into 7 different patterns. The player may affect the falling figures by moving them left or right or rotating them clockwise or counterclockwise within the playing field while they are still falling. When a complete line is formed, that line is eliminated from the playing field, and the player scores points. If the player cannot complete lines, the figures eventually build upon each other and reach the top of the playing field, thus ending the game.
|File Size||396.18 kB|


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National AIA Convention 2023 Immerses and Inspires Overlands' Young Professionals with Experiences and Resources to Design a Better World!
Last week, Overland Partners' own Allison Lerma, AIA, NCARB, Senior Architect and Sabrina Ortiz, Designer II, set their projects aside to participate in A'23, the AIA National Convention held in San Francisco. Centered around the theme "America By Design®," this year's convention brought together over 13,000 professionals from across the United States and around the world at the Moscone Center, the nation's First LEED Platinum Convention Center. The conference featured a wide range of engaging events, including daily keynotes, roundtable discussions, an expansive expo hall, as well as studio and project field tours. Reflecting on their experience, Allison and Sabrina have shared their key insights and takeaways from this exciting conference.
- The national convention for architects exceeded Allison's and Sabrina's expectations with its impressive scale, meaningful discussions, renowned speakers, diverse exhibits, and amazing studio and project tours. Highlights included enriching interactive opportunities with fellow architects, thought-provoking roundtable discussions on equity, diversity, and inclusion, tours of architectural studios and innovative projects that address climate change and the housing crisis.
- This year, the keynote speaker at the convention included a captivating presentation by Jacinda Ardern, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, who began her tenure at the age of 37. She faced numerous formidable challenges during her time in office, including a live-streamed domestic terror attack on the Muslim community, a volcanic eruption, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Ms. Ardern's leadership, rooted in her values of people-centricity, kindness, and what she refers to as "pragmatic idealism," led New Zealand to achieve one of the lowest COVID-19 mortality rates among developed nations, saving countless lives. Her inspiring story highlighted the importance of embracing vulnerability while maintaining resilience and strength. These powerful messages were also echoed by AIA National, as the organization made history with women holding leadership positions in the organization for the first time ever.
- The Women's Leadership Luncheon emerged as an incredibly inspiring event during the convention with invaluable advice shared by women leaders. One key piece of wisdom emphasized the importance of building a network of champions, a notion that highlights the significance of cultivating relationships with individuals who believe in and support one's aspirations. Additionally, the luncheon underscored the significance of finding one's tribe, a supportive community that fosters personal and professional growth. Moreover, the role of a good leader was highlighted as being committed to securing the future, demonstrating the essential responsibility to mentor and empower the next generation. These messages left a lasting impression, encouraging Allison and Sabrina to approach their work with enthusiasm, collaboration, and a sense of purpose.
- An overarching message of this year's convention was the imperative of Equity + Justice. Attendees were deeply engaged in discussions and presentations that focused on the critical need to foster inclusivity, equality, and social justice within the field. The convention provided a platform to address systemic barriers, promote diversity in all its forms, and amplify the voices of underrepresented groups. They learned that a mere two percent of architects in the U.S. are Black (NCARB 2023.) This means that out of approximately 121,603 licensed architects practicing in the country, only 2,492 identify as Black. This concerning statistic highlights the need for greater diversity and inclusivity within the field of architecture.
- The convention brought attention to critical challenges, particularly the urgent housing crisis, which disproportionately affects individuals experiencing homelessness and is a pervasive issue across metropolitan areas in the U.S. During their visit, they had the opportunity to explore 1064 Mission Street, the city's largest supportive housing development. This pioneering project utilized a combination of site-built and factory-built modular housing, with the goal of setting a national example. It integrates numerous elements designed to support San Francisco's most vulnerable and chronically homeless community members in attaining housing stability, improving their health outcomes, and fostering greater independence in their lives.
- Climate change and sustainability took center stage during the convention, with a strong emphasis on these critical aspects of design. A noteworthy topic was the involvement in policy-making that directly impacts the climate, presenting attendees with a fresh and proactive approach to tackling this global issue. The convention served as a platform for exchanging ideas and fostering a collective commitment to creating a more sustainable and resilient future.
- The list of experiences was further enhanced by field tours of various studios and projects. Internationally acclaimed studios such as SOM, Foster+Partners, and the Autodesk Technology Center showcased the next frontier of architectural design, leaving a lasting impression on attendees. They also were able to learn more about Enscape's new energy modeling program.
- In addition, Allison and Sabrina had the privilege of visiting the newly completed Caymus-Suisun Winery. The tour offered a unique insight into the design strategies employed to create a warm and inviting hospitality environment while simultaneously addressing the distinct climatic challenges presented by the beautiful Suisun Valley. The focus was on crafting a winery that not only provides a delightful experience for visitors but also becomes a vibrant community destination in harmony with its surroundings.
- Lastly, the convention explored strategies to address significant issues that have a profound impact on both society and the profession. One crucial approach is to focus on exposure and education about architecture to underrepresented groups at an early age, starting in elementary school and providing ongoing support and mentorship through college and into the workforce, particularly for marginalized communities. Advocacy and policy work play a vital role in addressing challenges such as climate change as well as diversity and inclusion, and it is the responsibility of all professionals to actively engage in these efforts. By promoting education, diversity, and policy involvement, architects can contribute to positive change and make a lasting impact on both the industry and society as a whole.
"It was my second time going, but the last time I went, I was still a student. Experiencing it as a professional added a whole new level of perspective that I really enjoyed! "
Sabrina Ortiz Luna
"It was my first time going and I found it very rewarding on multiple levels."
Learn more about the National American Institute of Architects!
Get to know Overland Partners!
Check out more from the AIA '23 Conference!


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Basic implementation of a Siamese network structure for detecting copyright infringement
Project description
A neural network is implemented here to detect copyrigt infringement violations in newly uploaded video files. The model takes the general form of a Siamese network, with two images filtered through the same convolutional neural network before a classification is made concerning the probability that the two images are a match. In order to train the model, frames were extracted from a set of high-resolution video files of movies and a corresponding set of lower-quality recordings of those movies. Randomly selected frames from the high-quality files were paired with the corresponding frame from the recorded version (a match) as well as a frame from another movie (not a match); these are referred to as triplets. Each of the images is run through the initial set of convolutional layers, which take the structure and weightings from the pre-trained VGG16 neural network, and a vector of length 4096 is returned. This serves as the input to a new set of top layers meant to classify the paired images as a match or not. In addition to the feature extraction and classification model, a means of aligning the recorded clip with the full movie is implemented to optimize the neural net performance. The top level function outputs a single probability of infringement that emerges as the average of the predicted match probabilities along the length of the potentially infringing clip.
Project details
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5. Use human-centered sales to break through complexity
Many factors combine to make CBS a complex buying decision. Potential customers must balance a variety of considerations ranging from the relatively obvious — space to accommodate a toilet, availability and desirability of substitutes, and ability and willingness to pay for sanitation, for example — to issues surrounding the finer points of product design and cultural factors such as reluctance to share a toilet across mother-in-law/son-in-law relationships.
Finding a way through that complexity requires a human-centered sales approach that teaches salespeople to focus on solving the customer's problem, rather than on product features and price. Typically centered around issues of basic human dignity and the health and safety of family members, personalized conversation helps customers to articulate the biggest problems they face as a result of not having their own toilet, and to come to their own conclusion that CBS offers a better answer to those problems than other sanitation options.
Part of Solution
 - Insights for advancing container based sanitation (CBS) businesses
 - Additional Information
 Such conversations should also be used to surface specific design features that might help to overcome any residual concerns acting as barriers to purchase. For instance, that might mean a square design that fits neatly in the corner of small, crowded dwellings, or the ability to disguise the toilet as a piece of furniture to avoid embarrassment in front of guests in a oneor two-bedroom house.
 Organisations Involved


SC_NEXTWINDOW, SC_PREVWINDOW, SC_MOVE, SC_SIZE, and SC_MAXIMIZE.
Creating a Child Window
To create an MDI child window, an application can either call the CreateMDIWindow function or send an WM_MDICREATE message to the MDI client window. (The application can use the CreateWindowEx function with the WS_EX_MDICHILD style to create MDI child windows.) A single-threaded MDI application can use either method to create a child window. A thread in a multithreaded MDI application must use the CreateMDIWindow or CreateWindowEx function to create a child window in a different thread.
The lParam parameter of a WM_MDICREATE message is a far pointer to an MDICREATESTRUCT structure. The structure includes four dimension members: x and y, which indicate the horizontal and vertical positions of the window, and cx and cy, which indicate the horizontal and vertical extents of the window. Any of these members may be assigned explicitly by the application, or they may be set to CW_USEDEFAULT, in which case the system selects a position, size, or both, according to a cascading algorithm. In any case, all four members must be initialized. Multipad uses CW_USEDEFAULT for all dimensions.
The last member of the MDICREATESTRUCT structure is the style member, which may contain style bits for the window. To create an MDI child window that can have any combination of window styles, specify the MDIS_ALLCHILDSTYLES window style. When this style is not specified, an MDI child window has the WS_MINIMIZE, WS_MAXIMIZE, WS_HSCROLL, and WS_VSCROLL styles as default settings.
Multipad creates its MDI child windows by using its locally defined AddFile function (located in the source file MPFILE.C). The AddFile function sets the title of the child window by assigning the szTitle member of the window's MDICREATESTRUCT structure to either the name of the file being edited or to "Untitled." The szClass member is set to the name of the MDI child window class registered in Multipad's InitializeApplication function. The hOwner member is set to the application's instance handle.
The following example shows the AddFile function in Multipad.
TCHAR * pName;
 HWND hwnd;
 TCHAR sz[160];
 if (!pName)
 // If the pName parameter is NULL, load the "Untitled"
 // string from the STRINGTABLE resource and set the szTitle
 // member of MDICREATESTRUCT.
 LoadString(hInst, IDS_UNTITLED, sz, sizeof(sz)/sizeof(TCHAR));
 mcs.szTitle = (LPCTSTR) sz;
 // Title the window with the full path and filename,
 // obtained by calling the OpenFile function with the
 // OF_PARSE flag, which is called before AddFile().
 mcs.szTitle = of.szPathName;
 mcs.szClass = szChild;
 mcs.hOwner = hInst;
 // Use the default size for the child window.
 mcs.x = = CW_USEDEFAULT;
 mcs.y = = CW_USEDEFAULT;
 // Give the child window the default style. The styleDefault
 // variable is defined in MULTIPAD.C. = styleDefault;
 // Tell the MDI client window to create the child window.
 hwnd = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndMDIClient, WM_MDICREATE, 0,
 (LONG) (LPMDICREATESTRUCT) &mcs);
 // If the file is found, read its contents into the child
 // window's client area.
 if (pName)
 if (!LoadFile(hwnd, pName))
 // Cannot load the file; close the window.
 SendMessage(hwndMDIClient, WM_MDIDESTROY,
 (DWORD) hwnd, 0L);
 return hwnd;
The pointer passed in the lParam parameter of the WM_MDICREATE message is passed to the CreateWindow function and appears as the first member in the CREATESTRUCT structure, passed in the WM_CREATE message. In Multipad, the child window initializes itself during WM_CREATE message processing by initializing document variables in its extra data and by creating the edit control's child window.
Community Additions
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|NJOEM Home | NJOEM News Room|
NJ Office of Emergency Management
NJOEM's Winter Weather Awareness Week:
(TRENTON, NJ) – Colonel Rick Fuentes, Superintendent of New Jersey State Police and Director of the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management, is celebrating Winter Weather Awareness Week beginning today and ending Friday.
Each day will bring a new message on family preparedness during the winter months.
Today's message: Nor'easters: Powerful Winds and Coastal Flooding.
What is a Nor'easter?
Nor'easters have the potential to cause as much damage as hurricanes in New Jersey's latitudes, with powerful winds, rain or snow and large waves.
They can pound and erode beaches with heavy surf, affect inland areas with flooding, or coat the land with thick layers of ice and snow.
Nor'easters result from the counterclockwise rotation of a low-pressure system and the clockwise rotation of a high-pressure system, combining to send wind and moisture to New Jersey from the Northeast. The nor'easter's ferocity will depend on the strength of the two systems.
One reason nor'easters are so dangerous is that they tend to move much more slowly than hurricanes at our latitudes. That slow movement allows the storm's effects to accumulate in a given area. The worst disasters in New Jersey history, in terms of cost and widespread damage, have been from nor'easters that moved slowly and remained for several days.
A nor'easter's wind circulation can cause tidal waters in back bays to be held in place, and not allow the water to drain through inlets and into the ocean. The accumulation of more and more water in tidal areas can cause widespread flooding.
Nor'easters can occur all year long, but in New Kersey they are primarily a risk between September and April.
It is important to remember that nor'easters are not the only winter hazards that can cause widespread coastal flooding and beach erosion.
Flooding can result from the sudden thaw of a heavy pack of snow, or from an "ice jam." After long cold spells, which can cause rivers and lakes to freeze, a rise in the water level or a sudden thaw can break the ice into large chunks, which can become jammed at manmade and natural obstructions. These ice jams can act as a dam, resulting in severe flooding.
For New Jersey residents, the basics of preparedness for nor'easters and winter flooding are virtually the same as preparedness for all hazards, natural or manmade:
Further information on all-hazards preparedness for families can be found at the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management's website, _URL_
Similar information can be found in "Plain Talk on Terrorism Preparedness," available from the New Jersey Domestic Security Preparedness Task Force at _URL_ and in "Ready Together New Jersey," from the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, at _URL_


Remote Training Site Warner Springs, CA
Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape [SERE] training is conducted at the US Navy's Remote Training Site in Warner Springs, CA. West Coast Navy/Marine Corps personnel who risk capture during wartime (e.g. aviators) undergo SERE training at the Remote Naval Training Facility in Warner Springs, CA.
The students gain the knowledge and confidence necessary to survive in a hostile environment until rescued. SERE instructions covers dealing with fatigue, fear, hunger, thirst, temperature, pain and boredom. The students are divided into elements, and spend days practicing map reading, navigation, fire building, water procurement and shelter building.
The students learn about survival techniques in an outdoor, hands-on environment. They learned different water procurement and purification techniques, constructed solar stills, and setup transpiration bags for water collection. They identified and ate edible plants. They also learned how to trap small game and field dress a rabbit for cooking and eating. They construct shelters with parachute material and camp out overnight in them. Students learn how to start fires using a variety of fire starting tools and techniques, and practice ground to air signalling using ground panels and Navy smoke flares.
Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape Camp is located in a remote area near the community of Warner Springs in the northeastern San Diego County at an elevation of about 3200 feet. The Camp consist of a headquarters area with an administrative building, several staff barracks building, a wastewater treatment plant, and a training compound.
SERE Camp is a hundred percent dependent upon two wells for its water supply: Main Well (Well No. 1) and backup well (Well No. 2). The camp has no water supply connections with any other water systems. Storage at the camp is provided by the following three water storage tanks: 5,000 gallons raw water storage tank, 1,000 gallon hydro-pneumatic tank, and a 42,000 gallon bolted steel water storage tank.
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How the Healing Tradition of Ayahuasca Can Help
The tradition is so deep. There is just so much to learn and most of it goes beyond the field of healing, into a realm of consciousness, of existence itself. The lessons learned from ayahuasca and plant medicine can improve our lives on every level, in every aspect. Carlos Tanner shares some of those insights with the goal of presenting new concepts and perspectives that might nurture your soul.
EPISODE ONE: Carlos Tanner is the program director of the Ayahuasca Foundation, a Peruvian non-profit organization he started in 2009. He has organized healing retreats and educational courses attended by over a thousand people from all over the world. He has witnessed the treatment of a wide variety of health issues and the healing process within the Shipibo plant medicine tradition. In this series Carlos shares some of the most important lessons he has learned from studying the Shipibo tradition of ayahuasca and plant medicine for the last fifteen years. He hopes these insights will not only contribute to a deeper understanding of how the tradition of ayahuasca and plant medicine works, but also how we can all move closer to achieving our goals of health, happiness, and satisfaction.
EPISODE TWO: If you made a list of all the things you love, would you be on it? In episode 2, Carlos Tanner describes his experiences with healing trauma using ayahuasca and plant medicine. He discusses the importance of relationships and how we can improve our health and happiness by becoming more conscious of how we react to our experiences.
EPISODE THREE: When you get a cut, do you heal it? No. It just heals. All we need to do is keep it clean. In Episode 3, Carlos discusses the universal motivating principle within all living beings towards wholeness, health, harmony, and happiness. He describes a four step process for healing outlined in Leonard Laskow's book: Healing with Love, and explains a major difference between western and indigenous healing methods when responding to symptoms.
EPISODE FOUR: Do you love the medicine you're taking? In Episode 4, Carlos discusses how the healing tradition that surrounds the use of plant medicine enhances the effectiveness of medicine by cultivating the inner environment. He describes his observations of the power of belief and faith in the healing process and how those aspects of consciousness can be optimized to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes.
EPISODE FIVE: Are you willing to do whatever it takes? In Episode 5, Carlos describes a fundamental aspect of training to become a curandero, the plant dieta. He discusses the purpose of the dieta and what it means to give up something to demonstrate how much we care and how important our goal is to us. He continues to relate this concept to the nourishment of our inner soil and optimization of our inner environment. He also poses some interesting questions that he gained from his observations of over one thousand retreat and course participants.
EPISODE SIX: Have you ever felt like the universe was picking on you? We've all had those times in our lives when we've wanted to shake our fist at the sky and say 'why me?' In Episode 6, Carlos elaborates on his experiences with plant dietas. He describes the concept of being tested while on dieta and how that concept can be helpful in all aspects of our lives. He describes how obstacles and challenges in life can be viewed positively and how changes in perspective and attitude can turn challenges into opportunities to advance, to ascend to a new level of understanding and ability. He continues to relate these changes to the concept of optimizing our inner environments, and how everything will work out.
EPISODE SEVEN: Nature Heals. Nature Guides. Nature Knows. In Episode 7, Carlos discusses how through dietas he has learned to look to the forest for answers. He describes how nature is an immense collective consciousness with an evolutionary history of hundreds of millions of years. He makes the important point that we as humans often don't recognize ourselves as a part of nature, even though we clearly are, for we are living beings. By reconnecting with the whole that is nature, the earth, the universe, we can return to the natural guidance and healing of nature. It seems so simple, because it is, but by disconnecting ourselves from the whole, we lose our faith, our knowing that we will be ok.
EPISODE EIGHT: How do you see things? In Episode 8, Carlos talks about understanding perspective and how it relates to communication. He shares his experiences with ayahuasca that helped him remember that we are all children, and that how each person interprets and acts in the world is shaped by their influences, both positive and negative. Optimizing understanding in communication involves sharing perspectives, even when that communication is interdimensional.
EPISODE NINE: Forgiveness is a profound healing act that liberates to love again. In episode 9 Carlos discusses the importance of forgiveness to free ourselves to achieve our highest potential for love. He presents a novel understanding of forgiveness and the effect it has on our ability to realize true happiness and satisfaction in life.
EPISODE TEN: When you Trust the Process and commit to doing Whatever it Takes, you will achieve your goals. In episode 10 Carlos reviews the previous nine episodes and sums up each episode's message more succinctly. He'll put up another series with more helpful ideas and stories soon…


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Green Your Sports: Eco-Friendly Skiing
Tip #3: Ski Green
Though skiing isn't the greenest of sports (resorts guzzle freshwater for artificial powder and electricity for lifts), some destinations have opted to use wind power and recycled snow instead. Help green the sport by strapping on eco-skis when hitting the slopes. Grab an old pair from a friend, buy used, or invest in skis from an earth-conscious company. Lokomotiv Skis, for example, plants a tree for every pair they produce, and make their gear from bamboo.
Tell us: How do you green your ski trip?


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Table Of Contents
Configuring MAC Limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router
This document describes how to configure MAC limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router.
Restrictions and Usage Guidelines
MAC limiting is supported on the following interface types:
-You can apply MAC limiting only to bridge-domains.
-MAC limiting is supported for dynamic MAC addresses.
Configuring MAC Limiting
Mac address limiting per bridge-domain restricts the number of MAC addresses that the router learns in bridge-domain on an EFP, pseudowire or switchport.
When the total number of addresses in a bridge-domain exceeds the maximum number, the router takes a violation action. You can enable the following actions:
-Warning—The router sends a syslog message and takes no further action. The router continues learning new MAC addresses and forwarding traffic.
-Limit—The router sends a syslog message and generates a trap; MAC learning is disabled on the bridge-domain until the recovery mechanism activates. Flooding of frames with new MAC addresses continues; to disable flooding, use the flood keyword. Flooding continues once the total number of MAC entries drops below the threshold value. This option applies only when you configure the limit keyword.
Note The threshold value must be 80% of the maximum value configured for the recovery mechanism.
-Shutdown—If the number of addresses exceeds the maximum (MAX) value, the router sends a syslog message and moves the bridge-domain (bdomain) to a disabled state. To restore the bridge-domain, disable and re-enable the mac-limiting feature.
Follow these steps to configure MAC limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router:
This example shows how to enable per-bridge-domain MAC limiting. The first instance of the mac-address-table limit command enables MAC limiting. The second instance of the command sets the limit and any optional actions to be imposed at the bridge-domain level.Router# enableRouter# configure terminalRouter(config)# mac-address-table limitRouter(config)# mac-address-table limit bridge-domain 10 maximum 100 action limit floodRouter(config)# endRouter#show mac-address-table limit bdomain 10bdomain action flood maximum Total entries Current state-------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+---------------10 limit Disable 100 0 Within Limit


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Contact: Abby Robinson
Georgia Institute of Technology Research News
Caption: Downing Lake, shown here, was one of seven Indiana lakes researchers monitored during a four-month period to assess how the Daphnia dentifera population quickly evolved to survive epidemics of a virulent yeast parasite Metschnikowia bicuspidata.
Credit: Indiana University/David Civitello
Usage Restrictions: None
Related news release: Weakness can be an advantage in surviving deadly parasites, a new study shows


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Places with LGBTQ Heritage
Taking a closer look at the map, we can see concentrations of LGBTQ heritage at certain types of sites. Courthouses where cases concerning queer rights have been adjudicated are part of the legal landscape where LGBTQ history intersects with the physical process of lawmaking. Likewise, bars and community centers represent a common set of social sites where community members gathered to socialize, work on common causes, or simply, to be themselves. Along with historically gay neighborhoods or districts, these sites of LGBTQ significance are concentrated in larger cities across the U.S. It is important to note that increased visibility of queer heritage in more populous places does not indicate a lack of LGBTQ heritage in more rural settings. Sites like Nourishing Space for Women outside Tucson, Arizona remind us that queer heritage is not an urban phenomenon.
Although many LGBTQ individuals made their way to urban centers, perhaps to seek more accepting communities, historic and prehistoric sites that embody queer heritage are everywhere. An excellent example is the Little Bighorn Monument in Montana. A ledger drawing from the 1876 defeat of General Custer depicts a "male" he'emane'o or two-spirit person leading the Cheyenne victory dance. In the same year, a Crow bote (third gender) named Osch Tisch earned the name "Finds Them and Kills Them" while fighting with U.S. allies against the Lakota, Sioux and Cheyenne at Busby, Montana.The Map
Places on the map have been identified by a researcher or community member as important to LGBTQ history. In-depth research has not necessarily been done, so some information may be incomplete or incorrect. Inclusion on the map does not mean that the place is necessarily eligible or has been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places (NR) or the National Historic Landmarks (NHL) programs.
Red Placemarks: Places listed as NRs or NHLs for their association with LGBTQ history and heritage
Yellow Placemarks: Places on the NR, including NHLs, that mention LGBTQ heritage in the nominations, but are not listed primarily for this association.
Light Blue Placemarks: Places already listed as NRs or NHLs that have LGBTQ history that is not mentioned in their nomination
Dark Blue Placemarks: Properties with LGBTQ heritage that have yet to be nominated as NRs or NHLs
Pushpins: Demolished places that were associated with LGBTQ history and heritage


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There are a number of materials we can use for paths and driveways, but one of the most cost-effective is deco granite. Charlie Albone shows us how to get the mix right.
Looking for a great solution for your paths and driveways - consider deco granite! Here are my expert DIY tips:
- It's cheaper than concrete and if you're laying a big area, like a drive, it can save you a chunk of money.
- Deco Granite comes in pink, brown or gold and is relatively easy to use.
- Simply mark the area where you want the path to go and dig it out to about 100mm.
- I'm going to stabilize the granite by adding a 5 per cent mix of white cement. That's about 1 bag of cement per tonne of deco granite.
- If you're doing a driveway – then double that by 10 per cent or 2 bags of cement to a tonne of granite.
- It's important to get the mix right - if you use too much cement the finished surface will be chalky - not enough and it won't set properly.
- If you're using bricks to create an edge like I am here – this is the time to lay them.
- Put the granite into the dug out area and level it off with a rake.
- Because the mix is quite dusty I'm going to give it a light mist with water.
- It's vital not to soak the granite as this will cause the cement to rise to the surface and create a hard layer.
- Hammer down the path with a plate compactor until you get it nice and level.
- Give the path a quick brush with a boom to get rid of any excess water or bits of cement and leave to dry for around 1 to 2 days.
- One of the things I like best about deco granite is it's a porous - so, if you've done the job properly, water simply drains off the surface.


Essay on Periodic Trends
Submitted By Samrin-Quader
Words: 455
Pages: 2
1. A) Define atomic radius.
Ans: The atomic radius of an element is its mean or typical distance from its nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
1. B) State and explain the trends in atomic radius for a period and a group.
Ans: The trend for atomic radius for a period, in this case period 2, the radius decreases, because the number of orbitals is steady, but the increasing number of protons pulling on the same number of increasing electrons makes a 'tighter' attraction.
The trend for atomic radius in a group, in this case group 1, is that the radius increases, as one step down the group adds a whole orbital.
2. A) Define density.
Ans: Density is the ratio between mass and volume.
2. B) Compare the trends in density for period 2 and period 3.
Ans: The trend in density for period 2 and period 3 is that the densities increase till group 3, drop at group 5, increases till group 7, and the densities decrease at group 8.
3. A) Define electronegativity and electron affinity.
Ans: Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond. Electron affinity is the amount of energy that is released when an electron is gained whether it is heat or light.
3. B) State the trends in electronegativity for periods and groups.
Ans: Electronegativity increases from left to right in a period, since the nuclear charge increases due to an increase in atomic number, except in noble gases, which are stable elements and have no need to attract other electrons.
3. C) Explain the trends in electron affinities for periods and groups.
Ans: Electron affinities increases for periods if you move left to right because the number of protons in the nucleus increases which causes a


Educate Institutions
Degenerative policies at all levels are ego driven
Regenerative policies at all levels are eco driven
Why the contribution is important
Putting profit before people and planet results in degraded ecology and broken economy.
Putting people planet and profit together results in regenerative sustainability an ecological economy.
by Gordon on April 01, 2021 at 08:32PM
Current Rating
Average rating: 5.0
Based on: 1 vote


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Words That Work: It's Not What You Say, It's What People Hear, written by political and corporate consultant Frank Luntz, is one such book. I love the title, and I couldn't resist the urge to splurge on buying the book. As a communicator, I am obviously interested in word usage and communication theories. Luntz has used his brilliant mind and meticulous research to develop a lexicon of words that work and also words that don't work. The surprise is found in discovering the power of which words really work. The author's main message is often repeated throughout the book. "It's not what you say, it's what they hear" that matters.
At first, one could get the impression that Luntz is being simply manipulative, but a closer look at the book can change your mind rather swiftly. Luntz is not a manipulator but a communicator. Case studies of situations in business and politics where words were used well and appropriately permeate the content of the book.
Also, there are examples of what not to do and say, which is equally helpful. There are some valuable insights for ministers and lay people found in Words That Work. It is not written from the Christian perspective, but the book does offer an opportunity for Christians to learn from a wordsmith who has been successful in the secular world.


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|Version 5 (modified by nicklas, 13 months ago)|
Explanation of distance-calculation, overview
The distance-calculation of today (before PostGIS 1.5) is investigating every combination of vertexes and every combination of vertex against edge in the two geometries inputed. If there is many vertexes this procedure is very heavy and slow. I have tried to find a way to narrow the distances calculated. The idea is only applicable on geometries not intersecting. Hopefully there will come up some good idea how to solve that. Until then the easiest is to check for intersecting bounding boxes (of subgeoms) and if thats the case pass it back to the old calculation.
Here I will try to explain the idea in a good way. Here is two polygons that we want to calculate the smallest distance between.
We start by finding an appropriate line between the polygons. The best one is the line between the center of the bounding boxes.
Now we want to find how every vertex is placed along this line. We illustrate this with two perpendicular lines describing p5 in polygon1 and p12 in polygon2.
Where those lines cross the x-axis gives us a value of where the points is situated along the line. We store that value for each vertex and order the vertexes by this value. P5 in polygon1 has the highest value of polygon1 and p12 has the lowest of polygon2. The first distance we calculate is between those two points. Because we not will calculate the points in ring order we have to also check the edge before and after, so we are testing polygon1 p4, p5, p6 against p11, p12, p13. That calculation will give us a shortest distance between p6 in polygon 1 and p13 in polygon2.
We now know that the distance we are searching is somewhere between the distance between the two parallel lines and the distance that we we have found between the points p6 and p13.
Now we take p5 from polygon1 and measure that to the points in polygon2 in order from closest to the line to more far away. We continue til we have reached the point that is that far from the left line like the shortest distance we have found that far. Then we take the next point in polygon1, p8 that is the point next closest to the line and do the same procedure, measuring against each point in polygon2 until we are «out of reach» for the already found shortest distance. This way we continue until the next point in polygon1 we are picking up is more far away from the right of the parallel lines than the shortest distance we have found. Then there can be no shorter distances to find. As mentioned earlier every check between two points include checking the point before and the point after including the edges in between.
The result is a distance calculated like described by this line from st_shortestline.
The gain from this process is that we don't have to iterate through all point. But as shown every point we actually investigate needs more calculations than todays functions because we have to search both forward and backward for each calculated point. Maybe, because of this it is wise to just use this method if the number of vertexes is more than 20 or something like that.
How this is done
This calculation is implanted instead of the array_array function when there is no intersection.
I don't know if the letters used is international but to describe a function of a line I here use y=k*x + z
The steps are:
- Find bounding box for the two point arrays
- Check if bounding boxes intersecting. If so, send to old function
- Find center of bounding boxes and calculate deltax and deltay from the two points
- Calculate the "z" value from y=kx+z for each vertex with k-value from the slope between the two bbox-center points. To eliminate problems with dividing with zero and other limitations when getting closer to dividing with zero we instead change the x-axes with the y-axes by "mirroring" the coordinate system. In that way the "z"-value represents a lines crosspoint to the x-axes instead of the usual y-axes crossing. Hope it is understandable since I don't know the terminology, but it works :-)
- Now we have a list with all vertexes with this calculated "z"-values together with the ordering-value from the geometry-array.
- We order this list by the calculated "z"-value
- Now we take the two points from our list that is most close to each other according to this "z"-value and calculate the distance between them. We translate the distance value so it will be comparable with our "z"-values
- Now, we start the iteration through the vertexes. We iterate in the z-value order, which means we compare points close to the other geometry according to our z-values before we compare the values more far away. We also stop the iteration at ones the next vertex is more far away from the other geometry than our smallest found distance so far. This will narrow the search for each new mindistance we find.


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İlkin YERALa, Cemile DAYANGAN SAYANa aDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, TURKEY
DOI: 10.5336/jcog.2019-65377 Article Language: EN 78 Viewed -- 63 Downloaded
ABSTRACT Objective: This study proposed to investigate whether magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) could reduce the ovarian damage induced by cyclophosphamide (Cyc). Material and Methods: Thirty female rats were used for this study: Control group (n=10)- Only laparotomy; Cyc group n=10)-75 mg/kg Cyc intraperitoneally; and Cyc+MgSO4 group (n=10)-75 mg/kg Cyc on day 0 and 200 mg/kg MgSO4 on days 1-7 (both intraperitoneally). The extent of histopathological damage and the number of ovarian follicles were determined. The levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were measured in blood samples. Results: Statistically significant differences in the AMH values were observed in the control group versus Cyc group and Cyc group versus Cyc+MgSO4 group (p<0.05). The levels of AMH were the least in the Cyc group. The total tissue damage in the Cyc group was significantly higher than that in the control, as well as in the Cyc+MgSO4 group (p<0.05). The follicle counts were the least in the Cyc group. Conclusion: Cyc caused ovarian damage and reduced the ovarian reserves. The ovarian reserves in the MgSO4-treated group were better than those in the other groups, and there was least ovarian damage in the MgSO4-treated group.


Black and White Photography Exhibit showcases student work
Students, teachers and parents observed the work of Harvard-Westlake (HW) students in an aesthetic black and white photography exhibition in the Arlene Schnitzer Art Gallery in Wang Hall. Laid out before one's eyes was a very pleasing aesthetic of black and white contrasting images, developed using darkroom film techniques during class. The gallery was first presented Tuesday, Dec. 11, during break.
The exhibit featured work of several ninth graders expressing their creativity by using techniques such as using sharp contrasting lines and silhouettes to create striking modern art.
"I'm in Photography 1, so I was trying to understand the contrast between each item and how transparency works on the paper. I knew that I wanted a darker outline, so I used a more solid object to get that contrast, and for the whiter parts of my project, I used a cup that was transparent all the way through, so the light could travel through." Dylan Tatum '22 said.
While discussing what his class is working on now, Tatum said, "For the rest of the semester we're still doing dark room [photography], but we're working on it to a more detailed level, learning how to use double exposure, and stuff like that. For the past month and a half, our work has been camera less."
Overall, the exhibit was a creative expression of HW students art. A darkroom is a completely dark room, where black and white prints are commonly made, while a safelight is commonly used to illuminate the work of the area. Students are encouraged to explore while developing craft and composition.
Photo credit: Self taken
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(From the publisher):
Birk Aaland is a refugee from Earth's tyrannical government. He finds himself stranded on an uncharted planet, which seems to be inhabited. His explorations reveal long-deserted cities perfectly maintained by the robot servants of their former inhabitants. Thus he becomes the marooned king of an isolated kingdom of machines. His life is a painfully lonely one and he spends eleven years without any human contact or companionship, tortured by memories of his former life on Earth and increasingly unable to imagine returning to it. Then his fitful peace is shattered when a spaceship crashes on his planet, and the sole survivor is a woman named Michi Nakamura. But she is not about to accept a fate in Birk's solitary world.
Original title: A World Called Solitude
Genre: Fiction→ Science Fiction→ Social Criticism


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Written specifically for education studies students, this accessible text offers a clear introduction to placements and work-based learning, providing an insight into work in schools and education settings.
Including case studies to illustrate the diversity of placements and workplace opportunities, it explores the theory and practice of working in educational contexts and supports students as they develop the skills and aptitudes that enhance their employability. With the aim of helping students to prepare for and get the most out of their work placements, chapters include:
Part of the Foundations of Education Studies series, this textbook is essential reading for students undertaking courses in Childhood Studies, Child and Youth Studies and Education Studies.
Section A: Planning for placements and work-based learning in Education Studies 1. Overview of placement and work-based learning in Education Studies 2. The context of placement and work-based learning 3. The nature of work-based learning on placement 4. Preparing for your placement 5. Assessments and integrating your learning with the rest of your studies Section B: Placements and work-based learning in context 6. Placements in schools on a core module 7. Placements in cultural settings for Education students 8. Learning on field trips and study visits 9. Working with students with SpLD / Dyslexia on placement 10. Learning from placements: the international dimension 11. Youth and community work placements 12. Placements and work-based learning in Early Years settings


10.12 Deleting the Junction
Deleting a junction removes the junction file and the trustees, trustee rights, and inherited rights filters that are explicitly set on the junction. It does not delete the data or trustee settings in the target location.
Changing the access path to the data might result in different effective rights for users at the target location. To avoid security or visibility issues, make sure to verify trustee settings in the target location before or after the delete. Before you delete the junction, you can use the Target Rights page for the junction to modify the settings. After you delete the junction, use any other method you normally use to view and modify rights.
 1. (Optional, recommended) Verify that the trustees and trustee rights settings at the target location are what you intend them to be when users access the data via a different path than the current junction.
 For information, see Section 10.8, Adding or Deleting Trustees for the Junction Target and Section 10.10, Modifying Trustee Rights for the Junction Target.
 2. In iManager, click Distributed File Services > Delete Junction.
 3. Browse to locate the junction you want to delete.
 4. Click OK, then confirm the warning message to delete the junction.


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I finally found a straightforward definition of an "acre." Dealing with real property as often as lawyers do, you would think I would have thought to have looked this up before -- or at least got it clear in my mind.
An acre was originally a parcel of a communal field -- a unit of measure of the area of a medieval lord's land that was "given" to a serf for their own use. The unit was an area equal to one furlong in length by one chain in width. That's not very helpful to the modern thinker until you learn that there are eight furlongs in a mile and that there are ten chains in a furlong. The original measurement was in rods, and there are four rods in a chain. ("Rod" is a funny word.)
So the classic acre is 660 feet long and 66 feet wide. That means it is 43,560 square feet of land. A square parcel of land with each side being 208 feet, eight and a half inches long would be almost exactly an acre. There are 640 acres in a square mile. An American "township" is a group of thirty-six square miles, six miles square. If you needed "forty acres and a mule" to survive on the frontier, that meant you needed a square plot of land one-quarter of a mile long on each side.
And a mule.
Acre is also the name of the westernmost of Brazil, bordering Peru. It consists mainly of virgin tropical rain forests and has two major rivers which carry pure, clean water that eventually flow into the Amazon. It is one of the smallest and least populated states of Brazil.
There was a coastal city and fiefdom named Acre which was of great military importance during the Crusades. The most important battle of the Third Crusade was the Battle of Acre. Today, Acre is located in northern Israel, on the bay of Haifa.
Not A Potted Plant Has A New Home
Readers! Not A Potted Plant is moving. Please switch your RSS feeders like Google Reader, and update your bookmarks, to draw from the blog's new site, generously hosted by the League of Ordinary Gentlemen. Thank you for your continued support.


In partnership with the Maine Memory Network Maine Memory Network
Maine Memory Network
Experiences of Jewish Teenagers in Maine
Text by Madeline Kurtz
Images from Colby College Special Collections, Bowdoin College Library, and Maine Historical Society
In many ways, 20th century Jewish teens were exactly the same as the other teens throughout the state: they played sports, socialized regularly, and went to summer camp.
So what made them different? Jewish teens in Maine experienced discrimination in the first half of the 20th century, whether they were being excluded from fraternities on college campuses or being called names on the basketball court.
Nevertheless, Jewish teens established their own organizations that were distinctively Jewish, while still embracing and assimilating into the Maine lifestyle. They founded their own fraternities, attended Jewish summer camps, and experienced great success in athletics.
Beginning in the 1920s and continuing today, Jewish teenagers in Maine have sought both to integrate into Maine's teen culture and to establish their own identity as Jewish teens.
For these teens, their Jewish and Maine identities were equally important in their lives. Thus, the two cultures fused together to create a single identity of which the teens were extremely proud.
Madeline Kurtz of Westport, Connecticut, is a member of the Colby College Class of 2014.


text:
and InterfaceBuilder under MacOS X we will do the same. Obviously, there is a lot to do to improve this editor and we will leave this as an exercise for the reader. Again, this article is not a tutorial!
Here we go.
Open ProjectCenter.app and create a new project called Editor. Choose a Gorm
Application project at the bottom of the window before saving its name.
This will provide you with an Interfaces item in the left column of
Clicking Interfaces displays Editor.gorm. Double-click Editor.gorm and Gorm.app opens. Select the default window (MyWindow) and using the tool inspector change the name to Editor in Attributes.
From the palette, drag a TextView to the Editor window. The TextView is the biggest object found in the selected palette using the rightmost icon at the top of the Palettes window. Resize this object to make it fill the window, and you are done.
Again, using the GormInternalViewEditor inspector (while the TextView is selected), choose Size and change the values to make them match the Editor window size values. These last are obtained in the same way, that is, selecting the window and checking the size in GormNSWindow inspector. If you do not change the X and Y values, for instance, you will not be able to use the full width of the editor, whether you resize the window or not.
Save all in the Gorm Document menu and quit to go back to ProjectCenter. Select the Build icon and click in the new build icon in the second horizontal half of the window. Everything should go well if you defined the right preferences for your compiler, debugger, etc. For example, using FreeBSD, you must change make to gmake (including the path) clicking in the Settings icon of ProjectCenter. Check also the paths from the Preferences menu in ProjectCenter.
If the built succeeded (it should have!), just do the same with Run and you will see the Editor application. Just play with it, writing, cutting, pasting, etc. Obviously, you can restart it later using the openapp command.
How long did it take? Well, I should say a few minutes.
Nothing much to say since you will have to do the same as above. Here is what
it looks like while designing the GUI:
Now we choose another example from Mike Beam. This time is a full working
application, able to manage data: an address book. Mike's tutorial about the
address book (like every other) is recommended reading to understand how the "thing" works.
Also check the tutorial list since Mike provides different steps of the
developing process for one and the same application allowing to improve it.
Again we create and run the application on both GNUstep and MacOS X.
Like you did for the Editor example, start ProjectCenter.app. Select a Gorm
application and call it AddressBook. From ProjectCenter launch Gorm
by double-clicking in Interfaces -> AddressBook.gorm. Drag a
TableView from the palette to the default window. In other words, follow Mike's
tutorial like you would under MacOS X. You will have to adapt a few things since
they work differently in Gorm and in InterfaceBuilder.
For example, the number of columns in the TableView cannot be defined from the attributes inspector in Gorm. To keep things simple, just copy a column and paste it next to it to get the required number (4 in our case). You should end with something like this:
Mike Beam did the whole job: what else could I add?
Obviously, GNUstep development tools cannot be as ahead as Apple's.
Apple and NeXT represent a 15 years old experience with hundreds of developers.
GNUstep is the work (for free) of a few individuals having to do something else
for a living. Accordingly, do not be surprised to find, for instance, much more
available classes in InterfaceBuilder than in Gorm. Remember, Gorm is at version
0.1.9 (or 0.2.0).
Furthermore, we did the tests the "hard" way. That is, we "ported" from OS X to GNUstep. The other way round would have been easier because of the above mentioned differences between the tools.
For example, porting applications developed under MacOS X 10.2 would be much more difficult since the new Apple development tools have much improved. As already said, there are many new available classes or more elaborated ones.
However, the tools rely on the same philosophy whether they work under GNUstep or MacOS X... and GNUstep improves every day. One thing looks very nice to me: GNUstep people really work together. They do help each other when individual projects are concerned and they also contribute in improving GNUstep core. This is the Free Software way of working I like. Congratulations for such a behavior Mr.Fedor and friends.
The goal of this article was to show the power of the GNUstep "RAD" tools,
Gorm.app and ProjectCenter.app. Despite their "youth" they can help you develop
nice applications in a very easy way.
Futhermore, these tools provide a very pleasant way of working while being very efficient. Objective C is a very compact language and, in my opinion, much easier to learn than C++ for someone with C knowledge (I know, I already said so!). This allows to design nice looking applications (well, it is a matter of taste, but I do love this look and feel) while keeping them rather small in size.
I must admit that I never recovered from the shock I received when I first met the NeXT machine. The fact Apple released a modern version of NeXTstep delights me. This is also why I am very fond of projects such as GNUstep or Window Maker. However, if I love free software I am not a "fundamentalist" and accordingly, I am not against proprietary software (well, maybe a bit against a specific editor... but, just a bit!).
GNUstep can benefit from Apple... but Apple can benefit from GNUstep too. GNUstep is not an Apple competitor, it is free software. As far as I know, free software is widely used in OS X. This to say that bringing even more free software to Apple cannot be a bad thing. What Ludovic and friends did with GNUMail.app is a very good example of what could happen.
"I had a dream"... Apple was providing most of its development tools source code to GNUstep. GNUstep and Apple developers were working together to bring great applications to Unix users. And slowly, people were realizing they could live without Windos...
Unfortunately, it was a dream ;-)
Anyway, if you do not know GNUstep and its applications, feel free to give them a try. Remember, GNUstep is a framework and tools such as Gorm and ProjectCenter provide you with everything to create, to invent. In other words, with a bit of imagination, you can develop "products" much different from what we can see nowadays: Windos applications clones!
We are living in a great time!
To the GNUstep people: A.Fedor, N.Pero, G.Casamento, P.Y.Rivaille, N.Roard, L.Marcotte,
R.Frith-Macdonald, P. C.D.Robert, E.Sersale, A.Froloff, F.Kiefer, M.Viviani,
M.Guesdon and all those I forgot
for the very great job either for the framework or for the applications.
To Window Maker people: A.Kojima, D.Pascu and friends for bringing us a free NeXTstep interface for X.
To J.M.Hullot and B.Serlet for inventing InterfaceBuilder.
To "Steve Jobs INC." for bringing us NeXT, NeXTstep and MacOS X.
To all the people not mentioned here having contributed in making our professional life much less sad.
Webpages maintained by the LinuxFocus Editor team
© Georges Tarbouriech, FDL
2002-12-19, generated by lfparser version 2.35


How To Fix iPhone Slow Charging After iOS 13.3 Update
Dealing with slow charging problems on your iPhone after the recent iOS 13.3 update? If that's so, then this post might be able to help you out. Keep scrolling and get help.
New iPhones are expected to get fully charged in about an hour or so from the moment it's plugged into the charger. Nonetheless, there are several factors that can slow down the charging process and you will just realize that your iPhone is charging very slowly. Read on to find out why this happens and how to fix the problem on your end.
Why is an iPhone charging very slow
Many cases of charging problems are attributed to a defective charger, charging port or charging cable in use. But contrary to the common thoughts, most charging problems on an iPhone are due to software-related factors including erratic apps and corrupt charging system on the phone. And these can be triggered when a new update is installed and that update contains some bug.
There are also other cases wherein slow charging is directly inflicted by a damaged battery on the phone. This is usually transpiring on earlier devices due to wear and tear.
Troubleshooting iPhone charging very slow from an iOS update
Before troubleshooting, check both ends of your charging cable to ensure that there's no damage. Also check the charging port on your iPhone and make sure that nothing is clogged or stuck inside. Also make sure that you're charging from an outlet (main power source).
Charging from portable sources like a computer's USB port, power banks, and car chargers takes longer than when charging from the main outlet because the output current from portable chargers is lower than that from the main source.
If you have complied with all these charging requisites and yet your iPhone is still charging very slow after the update, try these methods to rule out software-related culprits.
First solution: Reboot your iPhone (force restart)
There may be some rogue apps that are left running on your iPhone and they are slowing down the charging process. Apps that remained open during the software update installation are usually the ones that ended up in this state. And this is when you need to quit these apps. To get that done, simply force restart your iPhone.
On an iPhone 8, 8 Plus and later models, a force restart is carried out through these steps:
 1. Press and quickly release the Volume Up button.
 2. Then press and quickly release the Volume Down button.
 3. Finally, press and hold the Side/Power button until the Apple logo appears.
 4. Release the Side/Power button then.
On an iPhone 7 or 7 Plus, follow these steps to force restart:
 1. Press and hold both the Volume Down button and Power button for a few seconds.
 2. Release both buttons when the Apple logo appears.
On an iPhone 6s, 6s Plus and iPhone SE, a force restart is done this way:
 1. Press and hold both the Power button and Home button for a few seconds.
 2. Then release both buttons when the Apple logo appears.
Performing a force restart is only applicable if your iPhone still has sufficient battery life to power up. It abruptly ends all running apps and services that have gone rogue from the recent update. The entire process does not affect any saved data on the internal memory, hence creating backups beforehand won't be necessary.
Second solution: Force restart while charging
Another effective solution you can try is doing a force restart while your iPhone is charging. This is applicable if your iPhone doesn't have sufficient battery life to finish the reboot sequence. The positive effect is similar to that of a mere force restart. So here's what you should do then:
 1. Plug your iPhone into its charger.
 2. Give it several minutes to recharge and then perform a force restart.
 3. Just refer to the above steps on how to force restart your iPhone.
Any corrupted background apps and services should be cleared out in the process and the adverse symptoms they have inflicted are likewise remedied.
Third solution: Update all your apps
This is another way to address post-update slow charging problem on an iPhone that's attributed to glitching third-party apps. Apps that are ended up acting up from an update are those that aren't up to date. This usually happens because they're no longer able to meet the minimum system requirements and thus couldn't get to run as expected.
If your iPhone still has enough power and has a stable internet access, follow these steps to check and install pending app updates via App Store:
 1. From the Home screen, tap App Store. Doing so will launch the app.
 2. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen then tap on Today.
 3. Tap on the User Profile icon, on the upper-right corner of the screen to load up your account details.
 4. Scroll down to the Available Updates section to view any pending app updates.
 5. Tap Update All to simultaneously install all pending app updates on your device.
When all apps are finished updating, reboot your iPhone to save and apply the recent software changes.
Fourth solution: Reset all settings
Settings that aren't properly configured such as unused network or location features that are constantly enabled on the phone are also among the possible culprits. Thus, they must also be eliminated. To do so, just reset all settings on your iPhone to clear out any misconfigured system settings and then restore the default system preferences.
You don't need to back up critical data on your iPhone because this reset doesn't delete any of them. Just follow these steps to proceed:
 1. From the Home screen, tap Settings.
 2. Select General.
 3. Scroll down to and tap Reset.
 4. Select the option to Reset all settings.
 5. Enter your passcode if prompted to continue.
 6. Then tap Reset all settings again to confirm that you want to reset your iPhone's system settings to defaults.
When the reset is finished, your phone reboots automatically and then restores the default system preferences. By then you can start re-enabling only the features that you need to use on your device.
Fifth solution: Erase your iPhone and restore its factory default settings
In some cases, slow charging issues may persist because the underlying cause is too complex that none of the initial procedures can rectify. To deal with these types of problems, performing advanced solutions like a factory reset is usually needed. Just be sure to back up all important files you saved on your iPhone storage to prevent losing them permanently.
Note that a factory reset deletes all your iPhone data and then restores the factory defaults. Any complex system errors including post-update iOS bugs that caused slow charging problem will also be eliminated.
A faster way to factory reset a responsive iPhone is through settings. And here's how it's done:
 1. From the Home screen, tap Settings.
 2. Select General.
 3. Scroll down to and then tap Reset.
 4. Tap the option to Erase all content and settings.
 5. If prompted, enter your passcode to proceed.
 6. Then tap the option to confirm that you want to erase and restore factory default settings.
An alternative way to factory reset is using iTunes or Finder app on the computer. This is usually needed if the iPhone is frozen or not responding.
Last resort: Restore your iPhone in iTunes
If all else failed to fix the problem, restoring the iPhone from a previous iOS backup can be considered among the last options. This is often needed if the problem is caused by a stubborn iOS bug that requires a dedicated fix patch.
If possible, back up all important files from your iPhone to your computer beforehand because they will all be wiped out when restoring.
Once you're all set, open up the Finder or iTunes app on your computer then connect your iPhone using the original USB or Lightning cable. When your device is connected, refer these steps to enter recovery mode.
On iPhone 8 or later model:
 - Press and quickly release the Volume Up button.
 - Then press and quickly release the Volume Down button.
 - Finally, press and hold the Side/Power button until the Recovery Mode screen (Connect to iTunes) screen appears.
On iPhone 7 and 7 Plus:
 - Press and hold the Power/Top button and Volume Down buttons simultaneously.
 - Release both buttons when the Recovery Mode screen (Connect to iTunes) screen appears.
On iPhone 6s, 6s Plus, and iPhone SE:
 - Press and hold both the Home button and Power buttons for a few seconds.
After successfully entering recovery mode, select your iPhone by clicking on its icon that appears on the computer and then click Update or Restore when prompted.
To reinstall the software without erasing your iPhone data, select Update. Otherwise, click Restore to erase your iPhone data and restore from a previous iOS backup.
If your iPhone supports fast charging, try using an alternative fast charger that's compatible with your device and see if that speeds up charging.
ALSO READ: How To Fix Slow Charging Issue On iPhone XS


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One disadvantage of the simple Darlington pair motor speed control discussed in the previous article is that about 0.7V is lost in each transistor, so the maximum voltage that can ever be applied to the motor is Vs - 1.4V. The circuit shown in figure 1 partially solves this problem by reducing the voltage loss to 0.7V. It is still a Darlington pair configuration, but this time the second transistor is of a type known as 'PNP'. The first transistor is an 'NPN' type of transistor.
To increase the range of the potentiometer you may want to place a low value resistor (try 470Ω) between the lower end of the potentiometer and 0V. This should start the motor turning slowly as soon a the potentiometer shaft is turned.
Building the Circuit
A stripboard layout for this circuit is given in figure 2. The layout includes space for an optional 6-way screw terminal block to make connecting up the circuit easier.
The power supply for this circuit should preferably be un-smoothed (i.e. directly from the power supply rectifier). This helps prevent the motor'sticking' at low speeds. With the TIP32C transistor given, the maximum power supply voltage may be 60V and the maximum motor current consumption may be 3A.
Pin-out diagrams of the two transistors used in this circuit are given in figure 3. The TIP32C transistor will get hot in use because the high current supplying the motor flows through it. You should therefore fit a heat sink to it to dissipate the heat - a suggested heat sink is given in the Shopping List, or you could make one out of Meccano! Space is provided in the stripboard layout for a heat sink, but the positions and sizes of the holes are not shown for they will depend on the nature of the heat sink you choose.
The list below includes all the parts required to build the Darlington pair circuit on stripboard as shown in figure 2. The 470 Ohm resistor is optional.
Order the above items from Maplin via our Circuits Shop and help support the Electronics in Meccano website, without affecting the price you pay! Just click on an item for information about it and/or to add it to your Maplin order.
Orders can also be placed by telephoning Maplin on 0844 _PHONE_, or visiting their website at _URL_. Prices quoted are taken from the Winter 2013 Maplin catalogue and include VAT at 17.5%.


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