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This is a series of occasional news items by BESA members and is part of their paid membership service. These views are not necessarily those of BESA and a published news item does not constitute an endorsement.
As a BESA member I am proud to announce that the UN:CC Learn and UNITAR Team have invited me to deliver a presentation at the COP Summit to talk about an exciting new joint venture between the UN and Harwood Education which will deliver hundreds of Climate Change Lessons, based on the school curriculum, for all Primary and Secondary Schools throughout the UK to access.
Initially, this new platform will be available to all schools throughout the UK before being made available to schools from more than 51 countries that the United Nations have earmarked as future recipients of the UN:CC Learn Programme for Schools.
The three young presenters of this exciting new Programme for Schools will be the very first United Nations Youth Ambassadors for Climate Change Learning and they are all set to visit 51 countries as part of this initiative. They will be filming content for an Online & TV Series that will take them to participating schools around the world, where they will interview children that are actively taking part and learning about Climate Change with the UN:CC Learn Programme for Schools.
We are in the process of speaking with BESA members interested in taking part and providing us with potential lesson plans based on Climate Change Learning, that fit within the school curriculum. This is a super opportunity for resources, products and education programmes to receive a boost to their brand awareness not only here in UK schools but to a potential market of schools throughout the world.
For more information, all BESA members can contact me via: _EMAIL_
Or get in touch with me directly: Melanie Harwood – 07595 099 144
Here's more info about the joint venture between the UN and Harwood Education:
UN Climate Change Learn: For Primary and Secondary Schools
Harwood Education has teamed up with the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) to develop and deliver an innovative Climate Change Education Programme for primary and secondary schools in the UK. This ambitious multi-annual project will seek to develop a comprehensive package of interactive classroom materials on climate change for school teachers and children:
1) UN Climate Change Learn: Specialist E-Course for Teachers
2) UN Climate Change Learn: Interactive Teaching Programme for Children
Although climate change has been around for decades, climate change education has not. Our mission is to teach children how to understand and live in a world affected by climate change, but without fear. We want to spread this message to as many organisations and individuals as possible through the UN system. We believe that it is necessary to engage children and youth in changing societal attitudes and behaviours through their schools, families, and communities.
One of the programme's goals is to kick-start an international climate change youth dialogue that fosters direct discussion between school children around the world through the concept of 'Climate Change Diaries'. The UN Youth Climate Dialogues-inspired documentary TV series will showcase how children around the world are coping with climate change in inspirational ways. The campaign will be promoted internationally through online channels and on social media.
About: UNITAR/UN CC:Learn
The One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC:Learn) is a collaborative initiative of more than 30 multilateral organizations supporting countries to design and implement systematic, recurrent and results-oriented climate change learning. The initiative was launched at the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. The Secretariat of UN CC:Learn is provided by the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).
At the global level, the partnership supports knowledge sharing, promotes the development of common climate change learning materials, and coordinates interventions through a collaboration of UN agencies and other partners. At the national level, UN CC:Learn supports countries in developing and implementing national climate change learning strategies.
Thematic focus areas include:
- Climate Change Science
- Climate Finance
- International Climate Negotiations
- Adaptation Planning
- Climate Change and Health
- Climate Change and Forests
- Climate Change Education for Children
UN CC:Learn partners work jointly on climate change learning materials that are available to everybody as a public good. Products include a series of introductory modules and a self-paced e-course that provides "everything you need to know about climate change in a nutshell", as well as resource guides for advanced learning that direct users to specific learning materials and courses that match their learning needs.
The materials draw on the specialized expertise of global UN CC:Learn partners. In combination with UNITAR's know-how in learning methodologies, UN CC:Learn works for instance with the World Health Organization (WHO) in the area of health and with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in the area of climate change science.


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School gardens provide dynamic outdoor classrooms where students gain fun hands-on experience with a wide range of subjects from science and math to project planning, creative writing, and art. These gardens also bring the school community together and provide wildlife habitat to birds and pollinators.
We provide funding and technical assistance to public and private schools for installing edible, native, and pollinator gardens on school grounds. We work with the whole school community, including parents, teachers, students, school administrators, and volunteers in order to create a school garden that will thrive long-term. Students are encouraged to get involved in as much of the process as possible, including planning, plant selection, soil preparation, planting, creating maintenance plans for their sites, and creating interpretive signs for their school and the larger community. We also connect teachers with curriculum and professional development training opportunities so that the outdoor classrooms can be fully integrated into their lesson planning, while meeting the Next Generation Science Standards, the goals of Oregon's Environmental Literacy Plan, and more.
If you are interested in planting a new school garden or restoring a neglected one, contact our Education Coordinator Laura Taylor at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_, ext. 112.
To apply for assistance of up to $2,000 per year up to three years, download and fill out this Funding Request Fillable Form, save it and send to Laura Taylor. Requests are accepted on a rolling basis and awarded based on fund availability and project compatibility with the District's mission.
General School Garden Resources:
Resources for Edible Gardens:
Resources for Native Habitat Gardens:
Native Plant Database from East Multnomah Soil and Water Conservation District

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What to Know About Registration
It's important to register early for classes. Registering for classes early has many benefits including:
- Increased chance of getting into needed classes.
- Earlier access to financial aid and scholarships.
- Easier to stay on track to graduate.
As you get ready to register, take note of the following:
- You won't be able to register if there are any registration holds on your account. Holds can be placed for several reasons. Learn more about holds on student accounts.
- Consider your finances and be aware of payment due dates. You may want to enroll in the Huskie Installment Plan to spread your payment over four months.
- It's a good time to start thinking about course materials. You can buy or rent books and online materials from Huskie Books and Gear.
Parents and Family Members
These tips will help you keep your student's education on the right path:
- Check in with your student when registration draws near.
- Encourage them to meet with their academic advisor
- Encourage them to find out if there are any holds on their account that would prevent them from registering.
- If you're helping pay for your student's education, you'll want to know about payment due dates. You may benefit from the Huskie Installment Plan, which can help you budget by spreading your payment over four months.
- Talk to your student about Shared Access, a feature of MyNIU that allows you to view financial information and portions of your student's academic record. Students can provide up to two delegates access to their information.
Faculty and Staff
By taking these actions, you can help students stay on track to graduate:
- Encourage students to meet with their academic advisors before registration begins.
- Post registration flyers and posters in your office or workspace.
- Learn about the Huskie Installment Plan, a payment option that students may find helpful. Share information about the plan with students.
- Encourage students with financial concerns to speak with someone in the Financial Aid and Scholarship Office or the Office of the Bursar.
- Direct students to the resources that can help them resolve any holds on their account.


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The computations in the analysis of any equireplicate design can be carried out very easily if the number of treatments common to any two blocks is constant. A design with this property is called a Linked Block (LB) design and was introduced by Youden. It is well known that for a Balanced Incomplete Block (BIB) design to have a constant number of treatments in common between any two blocks, it is necessary and sufficient that it is symmetric, that is, the number of blocks is equal to the number of treatments. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for any design with a given treatment-structure matrix to be of the LB type and the results applied to Partially Balanced Incomplete Block (PBIB) designs. Finally a list is prepared of all LB designs in the class of two-associate PBIB designs enumerated by Bose, Shrikhande and Clatworthy.
"On Partially Balanced Linked Block Designs." Ann. Math. Statist. 28 (2) 488 - 493, June, 1957. _URL_


Document Type
Publication Date
Publication Title
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Recently, infrared and interference microscopy methods have been increasingly applied to measure internal concentration gradients and hence the uptake of different adsorbates in zeolite crystals. In contrast to conventional macroscopic batch uptake techniques, these microscopic/mesoscopic methods measure changes associated with single zeolite crystals. The analysis of data from these measurements to determine micropore diffusivities has been performed on the basis of the assumption that isothermal conditions prevail during both the adsorption and desorption experiments. This assumption is critically examined in this paper for the case of methanol diffusion in ferrierite crystals during adsorption and desorption to vacuum. It is shown by both detailed simulation as well as an order of magnitude analysis of time constants for heat transfer and diffusion that the temperature changes in the system are negligible during adsorption due to the high conductive heat transfer rate. However, during desorption to a vacuum, heat conduction is minimal so that heat transfer occurs only by radiation. Temperature changes as large as 5–7K are therefore to be expected at the beginning of the desorption process. However, since the time constant for the desorption process is of the order of hundreds of seconds, this temperature transient dissipates rapidly and has no significant impact on the overall desorption process. Even for the worst case scenario considered here, for both interference and infrared microscopy methods, the systems can be considered as essentially isothermal.
Original Citation
Heinke, L., Chmelik, C., Kortunov, P., Shah, D., Brandani, S., Ruthven, D.,,…rger, J. (2007). Analysis of thermal effects in infrared and interference microscopy: n-Butane-5A and methanol–ferrierite systems. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 104(1-3), 18-25. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.11.017


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|Visual Basic (Declaration)|
Public Class ObjectContext Inherits MarshalByRefObject
|Visual Basic (Usage)||Copy Code|
public class ObjectContext : MarshalByRefObject
|Managed Extensions for C++|
public __gc class ObjectContext : public MarshalByRefObject
public ref class ObjectContext : public MarshalByRefObject
Thread Safety: Any public static members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.
This class is the main point when loading, saving and deleting persistent objects to/from the storage. Whenever objects are loaded from the storage you need (don't use directly the storage) to request them by using an ObjectContext class. The class contains specialized methods (all generic) allowing the user to get single objects, a list of objects or an ObjectSet from the storage. Each object can also be marked for deletion by using the MarkForDeletion method of the ObjectContext. An object that has been marked for deletion is deleted the next time the changes are persisted to the storage.
When setting up an instance of the ObjectContext class you have to pass to the constructor an instance of a class that implements the IStorage interface. Those classes are so called "storages". They encapsulate a physical storage (like a database or anything else...) and each ObjectContext instance operates on one of those storages. The framework ships with a few storages for databases such as the OracleStorage, the MsSqlStorage and the OleDbStorage to mention any of them. When setting up the storage you have not to open it in any kind. This is done by the framework: the connections to the storage are handled by the classes internally (in the storages coming with the framework the ADO.NET connection pool is used).
Be aware that persistent objects loaded within one ObjectContext "life" in this ObjectContext. This means that the ObjectContext manages internally the state of the object (see ObjectInfo). This could cause problems when loading the persistent object with one ObjectContext and saving it on another that works on the same storage. To avoid this problem persistent objects that are loaded on one ObjectContext and saved on another have to implement the ISelfContaining interface. Persistent objects implementing this interface are ObjectContext independent and can be saved and loaded on any instance of an ObjectContext (if all of them are accessing the same storage). When implementing the interface the state is managed by the persisten object itself! The ISelfContainingObject interface is also implemented if a persistent object is remoted over the network or persisted (serialized) to any kind of storage for further use.
Before using an ObjectContext you should also connect an instance of a class that implements the IConcurrencyManager interface with the class by setting the ConcurrencyManager property of the ObjectContext. If the program works on a storage that is locally installed and if it is the only program working on that storage you could use no IConcurrencyManager. But it's not recommended! A concurrency manager checks if the persistent object to save has been changed by anybody else in the meantime (while being in memory). If somebody else changed the object in the storage you get a ConcurrencyException. With this excpetion you can inform the user that somebody else altered the object in the meantime. The object could then be reloaded or saved in any other place.
To save the changes of your objects you have to use PersistChanges of the ObjectContext. The method allows you to persist single objects or objects that implement the ICustomPersister interface. This interface is implemented by classes that persist more then one object. For an example look at the ObjectSet class.
If the class implementing the IStorage interface implements also the ITransactionStorage interface the ObjectContext supports also Transactions on that storage. Use StartTransaction, Rollback and Commit for transaction management. Please don't use directly the methods exposed by the storage.
The ObjectContext returns an ObjectSearcher when invoking GetObjectSearcher. You could use this class to specify your search queries for a given object type. For more information about creating your own ObjectSearcher check out the ObjectSearcher class.
Platforms: Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 family
Assembly: Chili.Opf3 (in Chili.Opf3.dll)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


6. Remote and Compressed Files
Ediff works with remote, compressed, and encrypted files. Ediff supports 'ange-ftp.el', 'jka-compr.el', 'uncompress.el' and 'crypt++.el', but it may work with other similar packages as well. This means that you can compare files residing on another machine, or you can apply a patch to a file on another machine. Even the patch itself can be a remote file!
When patching compressed or remote files, Ediff does not rename the source file (unlike what the patch utility would usually do). Instead, the source file retains its name and the result of applying the patch is placed in a temporary file that has the suffix '_patched' attached. Generally, this applies to files that are handled using black magic, such as special file handlers (ange-ftp and some compression and encryption packages all use this method).
Regular files are treated by the patch utility in the usual manner, i.e., the original is renamed into 'source-name.orig' and the result of the patch is placed into the file source-name. (Ediff '_orig' on systems like VMS, DOS, etc.)


Smoothing the Marmousi model
Karel Zacek
The only way to make an excessively complex velocity model suitable for application of ray-based methods, such as the Gaussian beam or Gaussian packet methods, is to smooth it.
We have smoothed the Marmousi model by choosing a coarser grid and by minimizing the second spatial derivatives of the slowness. This was done by minimizing the relevant Sobolev norm of slowness.
We show that minimizing the relevant Sobolev norm of slowness is a suitable technique for preparing the optimum models for asymptotic ray theory methods. However, the price we pay for a model suitable for ray tracing is an increase of the difference between the smoothed and original model. Similarly, the estimated error in the travel time also increases due to the difference between the models. In smoothing the Marmousi model, we have found the estimated error of travel times at the verge of acceptability.
Due to the low frequencies in the wavefield of the original Marmousi data set, we have found the Gaussian beams and Gaussian packets at the verge of applicability even in models sufficiently smoothed for ray tracing.
Velocity model, smoothing, asymptotic ray theory, Gaussian beams, Lyapunov exponent, Sobolev norm.
Whole paper
The image of the paper in GIF 150dpi (2105 kB!) is designed for an instant screen preview.
The paper is available in PostScript (23708 kB!!, colour figures) and GZIPped PostScript (3503 kB!, colour figures).
Final version
Zacek, K.: Smoothing the Marmousi model. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 159 (2002), _PHONE_.
In: Seismic Waves in Complex 3-D Structures, Report 11, pp. 161-179, Dep. Geophys., Charles Univ., Prague, 2001.


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Duolingo
 4. >
 5. pronunciation - words said di…
pronunciation - words said differently depending on usage
The word "live" can be pronounced one way as in "We live in the red house" or an other way as in "The band played live. I notice in the section "Lugares - I know spanish - I want to learn english" the pronunciation is the "wrong" one.
Not sure how many languages have this same dilemma or how easy it is for the computer generated voice to be fixed.
June 16, 2013
You should report this using the "report a problem" button on the page where it occurs.
Working across all 6 languages, I find this is mostly an issue in the learning English section and a little bit in the learning German section. Common English ones are those like 'wind, record, live' and also the way the speaker pronounces 'fertig' in German always puts my knickers in a knot ;-)
I have reported these many times, but have not noticed any change. Duolingo seems to be very prompt when one reports a translation issue, but when one reports a vocal issue, it doesn't seem to change. Maybe it is just a harder thing to fix the vocals.


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What Do People Ask Online About Pole Dancing?
What do People Ask Online About Pole Dancing?
Remember that time you witnessed pole dancing for the first time and your jaw dropped?
Learning a new hobby appealed to you. You watched a few online videos and pictured yourself spinning on a pole. Maybe you planned to perform for your special someone.
And then someone close to you said something untoward, and you hesitated. Did you enroll in your first trial class? Or were you held back by fears?
Well, you're not alone! We've curated top questions asked on Reddit, Quora, and Twitter. Results suggest that first-time polers are afraid of how hard it can be or of negative judgment.
Read on to satiate your curiosity and overcome your objections:
How hard is pole dancing?
Quora How Hard is Pole Dancing?
Anyone can pole dance. There aren't pre-requisites to get started, like a former dance background, or developed a group of muscles from years at the gym or specific skill sets at a height like rock climbing. Pole dance isn't an activity that discriminates based on what body type you have, or what your physical training has been.
However, pole dancing requires consistent hard work to make progress at. If you have access to a good studio and teachers that's already half the battle won. You must practice at least three to four times a week to build core strength you need to execute aerial tricks, suspend upside-down on the pole and hold your poses through minutes-long routines. The good news is, practice pays off.
You also must work on your flexibility. Classes start with 20 minutes of warm-ups and stretch so you don't get injured. They design pole moves and routines so that everything you learn is cumulative; once you master the basics, in just two to three terms you could execute complicated aerial stunts in the air, upside down, and with showmanship!
Will people judge you for learning to pole dance?
Teacher Suspended Pole Dancing
I learned pole in a private women-only studio with black-out curtains and a very discrete instructor, so I wasn't afraid of prying eyes or judgment. My family and friends told me over and over not to tell anyone else, but with time I lost a lot of fear around this.
People will always a judge, and they will judge you out of context. Especially if they never liked you in the first place, or if they're dissatisfied with their own lives.
I'd be wary of radio-announcing your newfound hobby around the workplace, or communities involving young kids or parents of young kids. As with nudity, so with pole dancing. You want to give them an option to not see you strutting your stuff if it's offensive to them. If they're not ready for it yet, it's their loss, it doesn't have to affect your ability to practice it within your own space.
Instead of negative judgment, I've only ever encountered praise and awe from both men and women. They're impressed by the feats I accomplish on the pole, they compare it to gymnastics and exclaim 'wow, you must have core strength!' or 'how do you do that with your body? You're so flexible!' Mostly I get positive feedback on how brave I must be to do this whenever I perform.
Pole dancing has become my prime passion, my body an instrument to spread body positivity to other women. That's so important, this year has seen a lot of debate around social media causing negative body image issues. How can I possibly keep such a thing quiet when I believe in healthy body perspectives?
Bruises – does it get better?
The answer is, yes! This too, shall pass. Everyone who starts a beginner class in pole complains about bruises. The first time you come home from a class looking bruised like a banana, you worry that your family may think you have an abusive boyfriend! The truth is, antibruise creams don't work as advertised.
Getting back on the pole, and practicing often, does. Bruising happens, in my opinion, in the early stages when you're too reliant on the touch points between your limbs or your joints and the pole to keep you aloft. Once you develop proper techniques and learn to engage your whole-body strength, you shouldn't bruise so easily.
Warm up in thick volleyball kneepads to protect your knees. You can use these during exotic pole, too. Wear more coverage, like yoga pants and long-sleeved shirts, when you practice floor work (for those pesky shoulder rolls, shoulder stands, and legwork on your back).
Is pole dancing a sport?
Pole dancing can be a sport. I know there are those trying to get it accepted by the relevant committees to make it an Olympic sport. But I see it more as an art form. I don't think it has to be a sport to be touted as something 'acceptable' or 'mainstream' that many people can do for either fitness or as a hobby.
It's such a close-ended question to ask. Like asking, 'is ballet a sport'? The idea of making it seem like a sport instead of a dance or art form makes it sound so competitive. Like we need to have X medals in pole dance competition or Y qualifying rounds of elimination to determine who is fit to pole dance and who is not. Like there are certain 'organizations' who have to govern over it and put it on a billboard or provide a place for it in a stadium for us to accept it.
I much prefer a pole dance community that is open and not judged. Where we get to wear our sexy high heels and star-studded bikinis and celebrate one another's showmanship, grace, lines, techniques, and styles. Pole dancing is beautiful when we come at it from a place of acceptance — of everyone's diversity in expressing themselves through this art form.
Now we've answered your burning questions, come join PoleCon 2019 and get pole dancing!
Bee-Lee See
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||Given the required speed of roll-out, cost and complexity of the future CCS infrastructure in the UK, modelling will play a crucial role in ensuring a practical, cost effective and robust network of assets. Modelling can potentially support decisions at a range of Business Levels:
The overall objective of the study is to produce a specification for a potential ETI modelling project, which will provide the core of a request for proposals for such a project
- Strategic Planning. Decisions are required on issues such as siting of power stations, selection of station/capture type, network layout, use of storage assets etc. In all cases a view needs to be taken on what the 'ultimate' system might look like and how it would develop. OEMs need to understand such issues for strategic marketing/product development purposes.
- System 'Front End' Design. This will inform decisions on more detailed aspects of design such as pipeline sizing & routing, initial specifications for compression requirements, front end design of power plant.
- System Detailed Design. This will inform design and selection of the components of the network (eg power stations, pipes, compressor stations, storage sites), and understanding of how they are best interconnected.
- System Operation and Maintenance. It is critical to understand how the system will operate once built, both under steady state conditions and dynamically as a result of load following, planned and unplanned outages of assets etc. Operators within the system need to understand how the CCS system will impact on the key objective of 'keeping the lights on' and how the constraints imposed by the electrical system will impact the CCS chain's operability.


text: Manageable - definition of manageable by The Free Dictionary. Easily browse through english vocabulary, … Filter. (transitive) To handle or control (a situation, job). Since then, however, the problem has passed into a more manageable state. Read more… Decide on listing manageable tasks and it becomes a lot easier. Lemonade Tycoon transports the tycoon idea to a smaller, more manageable scale. Set a schedule for yourself; novels are big and you should try to break the work down in manageable chunks. But if you have manageable debt, such as home and auto loans, you should be able to set aside a considerable amount for emergency savings and retirement. Manageable used in sentence example & words in English. Now the Zimbabwean dollar has undergone four re-denominations (the process of shaving zeros off the currency to make a more manageable … This allows you to control your spending and budget the installment payments so you have manageable shopping expenses. The only way you can gauge how much stress you should have before a test is to ask yourself if your anxiety is manageable. Your question is a good example of such a sentence. Madame C. J. Walker, the first African American millionaire, entrepreneur and philanthropist, made her fortune retexturing natural hair so that it was more manageable. By sorting through the toys, you gain a more manageable selection to store. Manageable - definition of manageable by The Free Dictionary. Put light and non-greasy oil such as almond oil on your hair to make it manageable. Definition of manageable adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Manageable in a sentence 1. Source: 'Daily Use'. 179. The journey is easily manageable in half an hour. In January 1667 he was one of three appointed to manage the evidence at the hearing of the impeachment of Lord Mordaunt, and in November of the same year spoke in defence of Clarendon, so far as the sale of Dunkirk was concerned, and opposed his banishment, and this appears to have been the last time that he addressed the house. The present flow of refugees was manageable. 12 6 Use coconut oil if hair is too frizzy. If you have the money and are willing to take the gamble with the chemicals, frizz-free, manageable hair is a definite possibility for your future. Prices are fairly manageable as the 24-lesson course is priced at $65.00. Is It, However, the potential loss for the seller was, Getting outraged about the scrol was more, The old man will be startled, but his fear will be, He limited risk by keeping his exposure at a, If we do this, even our worst case scenario will be, He was restless and sleepless, but still quailing and, Still, it was not a really deep wound, so the blood was, For Tony, he will feel the extra, but this is still highly, It kept tourists out, and dwarf numbers down to, The men were trying to break up the wreckage into, Both of you are the only things that make the rest of this madness, Even the Aquitania would not be quite seaworthy, for she would not be, He smiled and said, Roric, I only allow myself excess when excess is, It fitted well enough, and having the load distributed made it feel more, My system still wasn't foolproof but it made the entire process somewhat, Ted could be tricky once in a while, but most of the time he was predictably, This is the goal of GovCorp education: a transparent, programmable and easily. 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[+] more examples [-] hide examples [+] Example sentences [-] Hide examples Choose a language, then type a word below to get example sentences for that word. Modal Leggings: These soft and manageable pants are the basics of leggings looks. able to be controlled; Examples of Manageable in a sen. As long as my crazy uncle took his sedatives, he was manageable and behaved properly. . The number of results is very manageable for children to use. These days, I am allowing myself to cut things down, to make things more manageable. Short & Simple Example Sentence For Peaceable | Peaceable Sentence. use "manageable" in a sentence Nevertheless, having found a satisfactory and manageable system to which Brown students and faculty responded favorably, subsequent editors changed relatively little about the format, process, and policy of the Critical Review over the next few years. Examples of manageable size in a sentence, how to use it. If you suffer from excessive test anxiety, you can use strategies that can get your nervousness under control and reduce your anxiety to a manageable level. Need to translate "MANAGEABLE" from english and use correctly in a sentence? "Break it down into manageable chunks, " says cleaning expert William Bond. Cut down the task to a manageable size. Examples of manageable in a Sentence We bought smaller, more manageable suitcases. (intransitive) To succeed at an attempt. The key to making anything stick when teaching preschoolers is to make the amount of information manageable. The peritoneum is no longer regarded with awe as inviolable; by modern methods, if not as manageable as other lymphatic sacs, it is at any rate accessible enough without considerable risk to life. Manageable definition: Something that is manageable is of a size, quantity, or level of difficulty that people... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples manageable and unmanageable problems The conditioner makes your hair more manageable. Sometimes all it takes is a small change in circumstances to tip the balance and turn a manageable situation into a debt problem. How to use unmanageable in a sentence. Gluten sensitivity does not usually require the total elimination of gluten, but understanding how your body reacts to wheat products will help you keep your symptoms at a manageable level. A number of providers offer individual, family, and group plans to help make oral health care more manageable. GRAMMAR A-Z ; SPELLING ; PUNCTUATION ; WRITING TIPS ; USAGE ; EXPLORE. Examples of Manageable in a sentence As long as my crazy uncle took his sedatives, he was manageable and behaved properly. Potatoes and willow might be introduced subsequently, and looked manageable. 20 examples: It remains to be seen whether in realistic applications this procedure would… 42. Common tips include list making, breaking projects into smaller manageable parts, setting time limits, and creating reasonable expectations. It simply makes the thick texture of these foods more manageable. manageable size than some in recent years. 130+3 sentence examples: 1. GRAMMAR. RELATED ( 1 ) a viable way. GRAMMAR A-Z ; SPELLING ; PUNCTUATION ; WRITING TIPS ; USAGE … Sentence Examples for manageable. Before you start, plan a strategy that breaks the project into manageable pieces. See more. Small windows can be cleaned all at once, but larger picture windows and glass doors may need to be cleaned from top to bottom in manageable sections. One dog at a time in a belly band should


text:
There's a new threat to privacy lurking in our midst: potato-chip bags, which scientists can watch closely to figure out what you're saying in conversations.
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Microsoft and Adobe can reconstruct intelligible audio of speech by videotaping and analyzing the tiny vibrations of objects — like potato-chip bags — thanks to a new algorithm they've developed.
"When sound hits an object, it causes the object to vibrate," said Abe Davis, an MIT graduate student and the first author of a paper that presents the findings, in a statement. "The motion of this vibration creates a very subtle visual signal that's usually invisible to the naked eye. People didn't realize that this information was there."
In one experiment, researchers were able to reconstruct audio by filming the potato-chip bag from behind soundproof glass 15 ft. away. In another experiment, they were able to gather helpful audio by studying the vibrations of other substances, such as plant leaves, aluminum foil and a glass of water.
The researchers' methods, which typically require high-speed cameras that can take several thousand frames per second, can gather information about the number of speakers in a room, the gender of the speakers and the identity of the speakers, assuming they are given prior information about speakers' voices.
Once you pop, the spying don't stop.


text:
In this tutorial, I will teach you how using Adobe Photoshop you can create balloons to decorate your site web page for a special event.
Step1: Setting up workspace.
Create a new image using the dimension 800 x 600. Set the background color to white, or whatever background you are planning to put the image on. Create a new layer, Layer>New> Layer… (Shift+Ctrl+N) and name it balloon.
Step2: Creating the balloon.
Still on the "balloon" layer click on the "Ellipse Tool"
Change the foreground color to #164b8a this will be the color of the balloon. Now draw the shape shown below.
We need to add a "Blending Option" to the ellipse. Right click on the layer, select blending options, and add the settings below.
Step3: Creating the balloon knot.
Create a new layer, Layer>New> Layer… (Shift+Ctrl+N) and name it "Knot". Move the knot layer below the "Balloon" layer. Now select the "Knot" layer and click on the "Custom Shape Tool" from the shape window select the custom shape shown below.
Using the same foreground color #164b8a draw the shape below.
Now re position the shape above to the bottom of the balloon as shown below.
Hold down Ctrl and click on the "balloon" and "knot" layer to select it as shown below.
Press Ctrl+E to merge the layers after you select them. At this point, you should have one layer.
Step4: Adding shadows/reflections to the balloon.
Hold Ctrl and click on the layer to select it, this will put a selection around the balloon as shown below.
Now click on the "Elliptical Marquee Tool" when you click on the Elliptical Marquee Tool the menu below will come up in the task bar.
Make sure that "Subtract from selection" is selected. With the "Elliptical Marquee Tool" still selected, draw a selecting as shown below.
With that, you should have the selection below.
Create a new layer, Layer>New> Layer… (Shift+Ctrl+N) and name it "reflection". Change the foreground color to white, using the paint bucket fill the selection with that color. Because the background is white, your image will look something like mine below.
Still on the "reflection" layer, change the opacity to 2% as shown below.
Click on the layer with the Balloon on it, select the Brush Tool set your brush up using the settings below.
Change the foreground color to #8badc8, using the brush the balloon in a "C" motion ash depicted below. To get the effect below you have to repeat the brush action about 6 times. If you get it in the first try good, but it takes some practice to get it.
Step4: Drawing the balloon string.
Create a new layer, Layer>New> Layer… (Shift+Ctrl+N) and name it "string". Change the foreground color to black. Click on the Brush Tool set your brush up using the settings below
Now select the Pen Tool and draw the line shown below.
Now right click on the line you drew and click "Stroke Path"
When you do that the window below will come up, here is where you will select the brush tool, and click ok.
Now you should see the string with the path still on it, right click on the line using the pen tool and click Delete Path as shown below.
Well that is it. If you want to change the balloon color, you can recreate the tutorial using different colors or you can click on Image> Adjustments> Hue/Saturation and play around with the settings. Hope it came out to what you expected. I also created a video tutorial for this example.


text:
Definition of Angiomatosis, bacillary
Angiomatosis, bacillary: A bacterial infection due to a cat scratch most often seen today in people with HIV. The disease characteristically presents with swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), sore throat, fatigue, and fever, chills, sweats, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. There is usually a little bump (a papule) which may be pus-filled (a pustule) at the site of the scratch. Then more nodules appear on and under the skin. As the number of nodules increases, patients get sicker.
In normal people the disease is self-limited and usually goes away by itself in a few weeks. It can also be treated with antibiotics.
In persons with HIV/AIDS the disease can cause severe inflammation of the brain, bone marrow, lymph nodes, lungs, spleen and liver. The disease can be fatal in persons with HIV. It can be easily treated with antibiotics such as erythromycin and doxycycline. Treatment is given until the skin lesions resolve, usually in 3 to 4 weeks.
Bacillary angiomatosis is so characteristic today of AIDS that it is an AIDS defining disease, according to the CDC (Centers For Disease Control).
A cat carrying the microbe does not show symptoms. It is not necessary to get rid of the cat. If someone in the household is at high risk, a test to detect the infection can be done and the cat can be treated.
The disease is caused by a bacterium called Rochalimaea henselae, which was reclassified as Bartonella henselae, named for Diane Hensel, a microbiologist. Bacillary angiomatosis has also been called cat scratch disease, cat scratch fever, regional lymphadenitis, and benign lymphoreticulosis.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z
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text:
Tornadoes in May, 2000
The Tornado History Project generates approximate paths through separate historical archives provided by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Paths generated from the NCDC data are typically more detailed, but neither archive gives exact path information. There are several reasons that paths may be inaccurate:
- Tornado touchdown and liftoff coordinates were recorded with only 2 digits of decimal precision (i.e. [33.72, -86.15] vs [33.71689, -86.15463]). As a consequence, the observed points on the map may be slightly off from actual. Note that beginning in 2009, up to 4 digits of decimal precision are given.
- Coordinates have not historically been calculated via GPS (Global Positioning System). Thus, tornado touchdown and liftoff coordinates should be considered as estimates only.
- Tornadoes may not have been in contact with the ground for the entire path as depicted on the map. Storm damage in any location depicted under the "path" should not be inferred.
- Although paths are drawn as straight lines between any two sets of coordinates, the tornado may have "zigzagged" in some way.
- Although paths are drawn as uniform thin lines on the map, it is likely that the tornado changed size over its lifetime. Damage in any location depicted under (or not under) the "path" should not be inferred.
Even with the above in mind, the data is the best available. If you see a path that is depicted incorrectly, please post a comment in the tornado forum indicating why you belive the path to be incorrect.
Paths generated from NCDC data are typically more detailed due to the way coordinates are listed in each archive:
- SPC database - A maximum of 2 coordinates (touchdown and liftoff) is given for each tornado, or each state segment of a tornado if it is a multi-state tornado. Thus the vast majority of paths are depicted as simple straight lines.
- NCDC database - Some tornadoes have mutliple sets of coordinates within any state, generally corresponding to entry and exit points by county. Thus, since more coordinates have been used to draw the path, the depicted path should be more accurate. Having said that, most tornadoes do not have additional path data in the NCDC archive. When they do, paths are drawn from the NCDC data.
The following statistics and definitions are derived from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) historical tornado archive. The Tornado History Project can
not guarantee the accuracy of the underlying data within the SPC historical tornado archive. However, the data as presented here is guaranteed to
match the SPC data, except where noted.
Some definitions will not be given since they are obvious (i.e. "Date", "Time", etc...)
Special Note: This site uses a unique index number to identify each tornado. This index number is not a part of the official historical tornado archive.
E (Error) (tornado search table only) - A yellow box indicates that the tornado record contains a suspected error. A red box indicates that the tornado record contains an error and has been modified from the official source. Hover over the box for the error text.
Map/Forum (tornado search table only) - Clickable icons for further content related to a tornado.
State - The state or states affected by a tornado.
Fujita - The Fujita scale is an attempt to classify damage from a tornado. F0 being the least damaging, F5 the most. For 2007 and beyond, the Enhanced Fujita (EF) is given.
Fat. - The number of fatalities attributed to the tornado.
Inj. - The number of injuries attributed to the tornado.
Width - Width in yards. It is unclear if this indicates a maximum width or mean width.
Length - Length of tornado path in miles. Note the entire track length is not necessarily all on the ground (some tornadoes "hop and skip".)
Damage - Prior to 1996, this is a range by dollar amount. For 1996 and later, actual damage estimates are in millions.
Crop Loss - Added in 2007. Given in millions of dollars.
Lat/Lon - Contains two sets of coordinates:
- Touchdown Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate touchdown location in
decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, entry point into the state in decimal degrees.
- Liftoff Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate liftoff location in
decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, the exit or lift-off point from the state in decimal degrees.
St. #. - The state tornado number assigned to the tornado for that specific state for that specific year. Generally, state tornado
numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but that is not always the case.
SPC # - The tornado number as assigned by the SPC. Tornado numbers are not unique and reset each year. Generally, tornado numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but that is not always the case.


text: Word pronunciations, consisting of phoneme sequences and the associated syllabification and stress patterns, are vital for both speech recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. For speech recognition phoneme sequences for words may be learned from audio data. We train recurrent neural network (RNN) based models to predict the syllabification and stress pattern for such pronunciations making them usable for TTS. We find these RNN models significantly outperform naive rulebased models for almost all languages we tested. Further, we find additional improvements to the stress prediction model by using the spelling as features in addition to the phoneme sequence. Finally, we train a single RNN model to predict the phoneme sequence, syllabification and stress for a given word. For several languages, this single RNN outperforms similar models trained specifically for either phoneme sequence or stress prediction. We report an exhaustive comparison of these approaches for twenty languages.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
For an assignment, part of what I have to do involves the use of malloc and realloc. I first create a 2D array of chars, the dimensions being the number of lines and the number of characters. I then use malloc to allocate enough memory to store input from some file. Using fgets I read one line in at a time, and store it in the array. This part works fine (or so I think). The problem comes in when I try to reallocate memory for more lines if need be. The program flow is supposed to be like this:
Create a character array of 50 lines, with 80 characters per line (working)
Use fgets to read one line at a time and save it to the array (working)
When 50 lines have been read, reallocate the array to allow for 100 lines (not working)
Keep reallocating as need be (not working)
This is what I have so far (the core of it at least, I omitted irrelevant code):
_TAG_ NUMBER_OF_LINES 50
FILE *inputFile = fopen("some.text", "r");
char **lines;
lines = malloc(NUMBER_OF_LINES * sizeof(*lines));
int i;
for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_LINES; i++)
 *(lines+i) = malloc(CHARACTERS_PER_LINE * sizeof(char));
int linesRemaining = NUMBER_OF_LINES;
int reallocCount = 1;
i = 0;
while (!feof(inputFile)) {
 if (!linesRemaining) {
 lines = realloc(lines, (NUM_OF_LINES * reallocCount) * sizeof(*lines));
 linesRemaining = NUM_OF_LINES;
 fgets(*(lines+i), CHARS_PER_LINE, inputFile);
My gut tells me the problem is with the realloc, so I'll explain what I think it's doing.
The first argument, lines, is the pointer I would like to reallocate a certain amount of memory. NUM_OF_LINES is the amount I would like to increase the size by. I multiply this by reallocLinesCount, which is a counter that keeps track of how many sets of 50 lines I ought to have. The sizeof(*lines) part is the size of a pointer to a char.
Thank you for reading and any help is greatly appreciated :)
EDIT: thank you all for the responses; I do not have time right now to read all of the answers right now, but all of your answers will be more thoroughly read and understood once this imminent deadline has passed :D
share|improve this question
Pre-/post-increment/decrement trip up many a novice C programmer; write the code without them, then introduce them as you gain experience. – Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams Apr 9 '11 at 2:47
I'll never understand this strange fetish teachers have to teach students to statically allocate arrays with a specific length. It's like they're TRYING to raise the next generation of easily hacked software writers.. – Blindy Apr 9 '11 at 2:47
Edited to not have pre-/post-increment/decrements. – Fred Apr 9 '11 at 2:55
5 Answers 5
up vote 2 down vote accepted
My motto is: "say what you mean". In your case, you MEAN to enlarge your array when it's not big enough to hold your data.
FILE *in; // you fill this in
int nlines=50; // initial value
char **buffer=malloc(nlines * sizeof *buffer);
int i=0;
for(int i=0;!feof(in); ++i)
 buffer=realloc(buffer, (nlines+=50)*sizeof *buffer);
 fgets(buffer[i], 80, in);
share|improve this answer
This works thank you! I've done a lot of Java programming, where assignments evaluate to true or false, I like how you can treat (nlines+=50) as an int. Clever use of!feof(in) as the conditional in the for loop. – Fred Apr 9 '11 at 3:12
well, this kind of coding is not acceptable by many experienced programmer (i'm not experienced enough ;)). i personally like!feof(in) but doesn't like (nlines+=50)*sizeof *buffer. – Donotalo Apr 9 '11 at 3:18
_USER_, in general, try speaking only for yourself. – Blindy Apr 9 '11 at 4:34
realloc() will often find out that there is not enough available room to expand the existing array in-place; in that case, it will create an entirely new array of the specified size, copy the contents of the old array to the new one, deallocate the old array, and return a pointer to the new one. So you should write
char **oldLines = lines;
lines = realloc(...);
(the purpose of oldLines is to keep the original pointer in case realloc() runs out of memory and returns NULL, as per _USER_ L's tip).
share|improve this answer
Still doesn't work :/ – Fred Apr 9 '11 at 2:56
What exactly is happening (how do you see that it doesn't work)? Does it crash (where, and with what message), or does it produce garbled results (what results)? – Aasmund Eldhuset Apr 9 '11 at 2:58
You should never assign the results of realloc() directly to the variable you are reallocating. If the call to realloc() fails, you will no longer have a pointer to the previously allocated memory. If you're just going to abort your program on a realloc failure, maybe it doesn't matter. But it seems like a good habit to use Donotalo's method below. – Brian L Apr 9 '11 at 3:00
_USER_ L: Good point; edited. – Aasmund Eldhuset Apr 9 '11 at 3:15
This is how you should realloc:
char **new_lines = realloc(lines, (NUM_OF_LINES * ++reallocLinesCount) * sizeof(*lines));
if (new_lines)
 lines = new_lines;
 // Memory allocation fails. Do some error handling.
Read realloc reference for details.
You need more allocation for each new lines.
share|improve this answer
You are allocating more pointers to lines but not the lines themselves. It is in your code at the beginning:
So after you allocated your number of lines for each line you allocate the space for the line itself. You forgot to do this for the new lines when you reallocate.
share|improve this answer
Let's first see how realloc() works. It returns a pointer to new memory on success, and NULL on failure. On failure, it doesn't touch the old memory, and on success, it free()'s it, after copying your data to the new place.
So, the way to use realloc() safely is:
/* allocate memory using malloc() */
ptr = malloc(N * sizeof *ptr);
/* make sure malloc succeeded */
/* call realloc() */
new_ptr = realloc(ptr, M * sizeof *new_ptr);
/* see if it succeeded */
if (new_ptr) {
 /* okay, we can set ptr */
 ptr = new_ptr;
} else {
 /* realloc failed, old pointer still valid */
So, the first thing is that you are using realloc() incorrectly. You should never say x = realloc(x,...);, because if realloc() fails, you assign x to NULL, and the old memory is lost. This is a memory leak.
Now, on to your problem. Let's say you have successfully read NUMBER_OF_LINES lines. Now you want to make room for an additional NUMBER_OF_LINES lines. You would do:
char **new_lines = realloc(lines, NUMBER_OF_LINES*reallocCount*sizeof *new_lines);
if (new_lines) {
 lines = new_lines;
} else {
 fprintf(stderr, "realloc failed!\n");
/* Now, lines[NUMBER_OF_LINES] to lines[2*NUMBER_OF_LINES-1] are
 * available to point someplace useful. They don't point anywhere
 * useful yet. We have to allocate memory for them, just like earlier */
start = NUMBER_OF_LINES*reallocCount;
for (i=0; i < NUMBER_OF_LINES; ++i) {
 /* You weren't allocating memory here, and were writing to
 * lines[0] through lines[NUMBER_OF_LINES-1], which is not what
 * you want. */
 lines[start+i] = malloc(CHARS_PER_LINE * sizeof *lines[start+i]);
 /* check the result of malloc here */
fgets(lines[start+i], CHARS_PER_LINE, inputFile);
One final note: it's almost always wrong to use while (!feof(fp)) to read lines from a file.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I recently saw the following presentation on DCI by Trygve Reenskaug : _URL_ It kinda blew my mind. Mmmh, seeing in code the interaction between different components of a software is an attractive idea.
I tried to find examples of DCI in javascript, unsuccessfully. Then I started wondering. Isn't the DCI pattern opposed to the evented programming pattern?
Evented programming is trendy in javascript, i guess because it allows decoupling, and because classical inheritance concepts are not native to js. I think I understand the benefits of evented programming but I also noticed that debugging can be damn hard when it requires to follow event message.
Is it correct to say that both concepts are opposed? Or did I got it wrong? Is there some example implementations of DCI in js that I missed? What should I look at in order to dig the concept?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Firstly event programming or inheritance are ortogonal to DCI. You can do DCI without inheritance and with event programing (or without).
JavaScript is in somerespect one of the best languages to do DCI in. Most languages has some issues with following DCI stricyly. In JavaScript the issues are could be solved if there was a finalizer but the lack of a finalizer means you will have to "dispose" your self meaning some noilerplate code.
I've written an example in JavaScript that I will put online on _URL_ where you will find the examples Trygve, Jim and I have created together with some other people have created as well.
fullOO.info is also the answer to where you could go to get more familiar with DCI or you can join object-composition a google group for discussion regarding DCI.
The example I've written in JS is the canonical DCI example money transfer and the interesting part (that is everything but boilerplate/library code) can be seen below:
var moneyTransferContext = function(sourcePlayer, destinationPlayer, amount) {
 var source = {
 withdraw: function() {
 var text = "Withdraw: " + amount;
 this.balance -= amount;
 console.log("Balance: " + this.balance);
 destination = {
 deposit: function() {
 var text = "Deposit: " + amount;
 this.balance += amount;
 console.log("Balance: " + this.balance);
 source = assign(source).to(sourcePlayer);
 destination = assign(destination).to(destinationPlayer);
 return {
 transfer: function() {
 return this;
sourceAccount = {
 log: [],
 balance: 100
destinationAccount = {
 log: [],
 balance: 0
moneyTransfer(sourceAccount, destinationAccount, 25).transfer().unbind();
The rest can be seen at _URL_
share|improve this answer
Thanks a lot, very interesting. I will study the code once I am back home. But could you expand on the difference between dci and evented? isn't an event send by one component and listened by another one an interaction between components? When I watched folk.uio.no/trygver/themes/babyide/babyide-index.html I had events in mind. These days, events are used for everything in js webapps. They are used to access methods on other components, instead of direct access, in order to achieve decoupling and prevent the app to break completely if one components breaks. – Olivvv Oct 9 '12 at 16:15
_USER_ Events are just another way of sending messages between objects. DCI is concern with capturing in code which object send which message to what object. You could also view events as something that starts a context. So being event driven is orthogonal to DCI but I guess you are actually referring to asynchronous which is a very different thing – Rune FS Oct 9 '12 at 17:06
No I am not reffering to asynchronous, but pub/sub communication. For instance one component watches keyboard and mouse activity, and broadcast events for other components to let them know if the user is active or not. There can be a lot of components listening. How would a context take that into account? – Olivvv Oct 10 '12 at 9:14
_USER_ By definition all communication between objects in DCI is captured in a context (one context for each network of communicating objects) so you've would simply have roles that communicated. That said it is border territory for DCI at present. – Rune FS Oct 10 '12 at 11:10
So components should handle events in a context method? – Olivvv Oct 10 '12 at 12:26
Your Answer


Scrapbooking with Sea Glass and Netting
Create a nautical theme by embellishing scrapbook pages with sea glass and coastal netting.
Coastal Netting Pockets
Coastal netting is fine, loosely woven hemp that's very versatile. It's available in a variety of colors and adds a natural, textural accent to scrapbook pages. You can fashion it into pockets for displaying special greeting cards, postcards, brochures, maps or other memorabilia. Here's how to make them:
Materials and Tools:
coastal netting (or any type of netlike fiber)
¼-inch-wide double-sided scrapbook tape
card stock
glitter or embossing powder (optional)
1. Apply scrapbook tape along the bottom edge of the cardstock, allowing the protective cover to remain.
2. Apply two strips of scrapbook tape to the back of the card stock to secure the ends of the netting.
3. Cut a length of netting and press it to the tape on the front of the card stock to secure.
4. Fold the netting over the card stock and adhere the ends to tape on the back of the card stock.
5. Sprinkle glitter or embossing powder over the bottom edge of netting to cover any exposed adhesive, if desired.
Sea Glass Mosaics
Sea glass, aka beach glass, is a popular scrapbook embellishment. Besides simply decorating pages with it, you can use an engraver to carve title letters into the surfaces of pieces. Here's how to work with it:
Materials and Tools:
sea glass
1-inch-wide double-sided scrapbook tape
card stock
engraver (optional)
1. Cover one side of sea glass with scrapbook tape and trim it even with the edge of the sea glass. Note: Be sure the entire surface is covered with tape, or it will show through.
2. Arrange the sea glass into a mosaic pattern on the page, or use them for a page title, engraving letters into the pieces with an engraver.
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runs, you could create a file called, for example, /usr/local/etc/no-yum-update.conf, which contains a list of dates not to update on. What dates go in this file is up to you to decide (vacations, holidays, etc). The dates would be in the format YYYY-MM-DD (e.g. 2005-03-31). Then create a /etc/cron.daily/yum-update.cron script something like the following:
today=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
while read banned; do
[ "$today" == "$banned" ] && exit 0
done < /usr/local/etc/no-yum-update.conf
yum -y update
Other methods of protection
Yet another thing to consider if not using automatic updates is to provide your machine with some other forms of protection to help defend any attacks that might occur before updates are in place. This might include an external firewall, a host-based firewall (like iptables, ipchains, and/or tcp wrappers), not performing dangerous tasks on the computer (like browsing the web, reading e-mail, etc), and monitoring the system for instrusions (with system log checkers, IDS systems, authentication or login monitoring, etc).


text:
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Measurement (of cloth) by the ell.
- n. A duty paid for such measurement.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A measuring by the ell; specifically, official inspection and measurement of woolen cloth for the purpose of laying duties on it. Also spelled alenage, ulnage.
Old French alnage, aulnage, French aunage, from Old French alne ell, of Germanic origin: compare Old High German elina, Gothic aleina, cubit. See ell. (Wiktionary)
Sorry, no example sentences found.


What do rats hate the most?
Asked By: Midiala Gangoso | Last Updated: 13th March, 2020
Category: pets cats
3.9/5 (153 Views. 42 Votes)
Among the smells that rats hate are chemical odors such as the smell of naphthalene, the stench of rat predators like cats, raccoons, and ferrets, as well as several natural scents such as the smell of citronella, peppermint and eucalyptus oils.
Click to see full answer
Moreover, what smell will keep rats away?
Because of their highly developed sense of smell, rats are very susceptible to certain odors. Peppermint oil, castor oil and citronella oil all drive rats away. Use cotton balls soaked in these oils, or just spread a little oil around where the rats are staying, and they'll leave for less pungent climes.
Similarly, does bleach keep rats away? Rats, like many humans, do not like the strong smell of bleach. Spraying a solution of bleach and water around the rats' hangout will possibly help drive them away. Of course, if rats are not already inside, spraying a bleach solution at an entrance point may help deter them from gaining access to your home.
Also question is, how do you repel rats?
To use, mix 2 cups of ammonia with 200mls of water and 2-3 spoons of detergent and place in a bowl near locations where rats are commonly found. Ammonia is a super cleaning agent, but it acts as an excellent repelling agent to the rodents.
What home remedy can I use to get rid of rats?
Effective Home Remedies to Get Rid of Rats
 1. Mothballs.
 2. Ammonia.
 3. Peppermint Oil.
 4. Owl's Feather.
 5. Pepper Flakes.
 6. Onions and Garlic.
 7. A mixture of Plaster of Paris with Cocoa Powder.
 8. Instant Potatoes.
36 Related Question Answers Found
What are rats afraid of?
Roof rats hate changes to their environments, and they are strongly affected by unfamiliar odors. Here are some ways you can scare rats away from your home and deter mice from getting inside: Use cotton balls soaked in clove or peppermint oil around their points of entry or near food sources.
Can onions kill rats?
To kill rats naturally, you can place these leaves in their holes. These rodents will choke on the leaf, thus killing them. Onions Onions are another food you can use to kill rats naturally. All you need to do is to slice an onion, place it near their holes and wait for them to enjoy the feast.
What food kills rats?
Only a small number of human foods are toxic to rats. Top of the list is blue cheese, which could kill your pet. Others are licorice, poppy seeds and bitter almonds. Green potatoes are toxic to most animals, including you, and rats are just as vulnerable.
Does salt water kill rats?
Super Self-Sufficient. I don't know about rodents, but a heavy saltwater mix, sprayed on the surface of wood will kill most bugs.
How does baking soda kill rats?
Baking soda is actually sodium bicarbonate and will readily decompose to produce carbon dioxide gas under acidic conditions. So, the rat eats baking soda which then comes into contact with acids in the rats stomach. The baking soda turns into a bunch of gas that the rat can't expel which somehow then kills that rat.
Does vinegar keep rats away?
Vinegar has an unpleasant smell and if used in the pipes and u-bend it may temporarily keep them away. It can sting and would be unpleasant for the rat. Some websites swear that it is effective at repelling rats.
Does cinnamon get rid of rats?
Mice are a common annoyance at households and apartments, and always seem to be able to find a way through cracks and crevices. A natural way of getting rid of mice is to use 100-percent cinnamon oil, which mice don't like. Concentrated cinnamon oil will help deter mice from entering your home.
Why do rats come out in the daytime?
Rats are nocturnal creatures, so they are most active between dusk and dawn. If you do see rats during the day, it usually means that the nest has been disturbed, or they are hunting for food, or there is a large infestation.
How do I get rid of rats outside?
5 ways to get rid of rats without poison
 1. RECRUIT OWLS TO EAT THE RATS. Owls, and other birds of prey, are natural rat eradicators.
 2. USE TRAPS. Baiting traps to lure and kill rats is something most folks are familiar with.
What is the best rat repellent?
10 Best Rat Repellent Reviews
 - Triple Action Rodent Repellent *GM-X Mouse Rat Repellent Ultrasonic.
 - Eco-Defense Mice Repellent – Organic Spray.
 - Peppermint Essential Oil 4 oz.
 - Ultrasonic Pest Repeller Humane Mice Control.
 - Vehicle Protection by Exterminators Choice-Mice & Rodent Repellent.
How do you kill rats with black pepper?
A home remedy that works on mice and rats is black pepper. Liberally apply it where the vermin is seen and they will leave. Of course, keeping all trash off the ground will take the source of food away from them to begin with.
How do you know if rats are gone?
Older droppings become grayer in color. If the droppings are old, they will start crumble if you touch them. If mice or rats or nesting in a particular area, you will see that there will be more droppings around that particular area. Newly found marks are lighter in color and as time progresses they get darker.
What attracts rats to your house?
There are two main things that can attract mice and rats to your house – food and shelter. If you don't tidy up properly and there's food waste on the floor or surfaces, rodents are going to love it! Rats and mice also need shelter, particularly during winter to avoid the worst of the cold.
How do you get rid of rats under decking?
Avoid leaving any type of food outside and always clean up well after barbecues. If you do get them under your deck, then you can either use a poison carefully, any type of trap, or use a trap if you prefer to capture them and return them to a river or wooded area.
What sounds do rats hate?
Ultrasonic devices to repel rats emit a high frequency sound that is thought to be annoying to rodents. If the rodent can hear the sound, it supposedly will nest elsewhere. You must use multiple devices as they do not transmit through walls into other rooms or around furniture.
What will repel rodents?
Peppermint oil, cayenne pepper, pepper and cloves.
Mice are said to hate the smell of these. Lightly soak some cotton balls in oils from one or more of these foods and leave the cotton balls in places where you've had problems with mice.


Sun Java System Identity Synchronization for Windows 6.0 Installation and Configuration Guide
Retrieving the CA Certificate from the Directory Server Certificate Database
Ensure that you have enabled SSL in Directory Server. To export the Directory Server certificate to a temporary file so that you can import it into the certificate database of the Directory Server Connector, issue the following command:
\shared\bin\certutil.exe -L -d.
-P slapd-hostname- -n server-cert -a \ > C:\s-cert.txt
ISW-server-root is the path where ISW-hostname directory is present.
These examples are run in the alias directory immediately below the server root. Otherwise, Directory Server will not find the certificate database.


text:
Quality Framework for the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program
1.1 Purpose of the guideThis guide is designed to introduce the concept of quality and quality systems to a broad audience, such as indigenous staff members, Board members, service users, family and community. It uses familiar language and visual prompts.
The guide is structured around the following content:
|Standard||Expected Outcome and Guide to requirements|
|What is a Quality System?||Explains a quality system.|
|Why have a Quality system?||Explains the benefits of having a quality system. Includes examples of quality processes and prompts for services to think about when planning a quality system.|
|Implementing a Quality System||Discusses the key steps in implementing a quality system including the development of mission and vision statements, a strategic plan and policies and procedures. |
Explains how policy and procedures underpin service delivery and provides simple definitions and examples of easy to follow formats to assist services develop the necessary documentation.
|Continuous Quality Improvement||Explains the purpose of CQI and the CQI model. Discusses conducting, recording, and reporting quality activities. Emphasises the importance of systems to capture and act upon opportunities for improvement from all stakeholders.|
|Quality Improvement Plans||Discusses the purpose of a Quality Improvement Plan.|
Provides an example plan and quality System checklist.


text:
(Japan Association of Rolling Stock Industries)
Measures to cope with global warming
- By the year 2000, stabilize the CO2 gas exhausted as energy is consumed in the rolling stock production process at the 1990 level.
- As a measure to reduce weight for higher speed and to save energy, promote the introduction of cars made of stainless steel and aluminium alloy.
Waste Disposal Measures
- By the year 2000, reduce the amount of final disposal waste from disassembled cars by 10% from the 1990 level.
- Promotion of product development from the viewpoint of LCA.
- Effective use of the shredder dust generated from used rolling stocks.
- Will promote the building of a setup for acquiring ISO14001 certification.
Environmental Conservation in Overseas Business Activities
- The best conceivable environmental conservation technology will be adopted in the overseas host country.
Home Page in English


desafuero in French
1. (general) excès (m)
2. (ofensa) outrage (m)
Example Sentences
And the conversation went way beyond what he called, tongue in cheek, the "small matter" of the desafuero.
pronunciation pronunciation
As Narco News reported yesterday, Mexican public opinion has turned, sharply, against the desafuero, in favor of López Obrador, and against Fox's heir apparent Santiago Creel.
pronunciation pronunciation
Fox and Creel and the other desafuero-plotters are now, stuck with a "poster boy" for "respect for institutions" that is anything but one.
pronunciation pronunciation
dictionary extension
© dictionarist.com


text:
Our programs comprise one or more of the following four modules:
Travel Adventure: Our experiential learning approach enables our program participants to use the unfamiliar external environment to understand self and to cultivate a conscious relationship with the world.
Youth Exchange: By bringing together, and handholding, students from diverse backgrounds – foreign and local; rural and urban; rich and poor – we break the borders between young people and promote peer-to-peer understanding. In our experience, these exchanges have resulted in young people gaining life-changing perspectives about the world they live in.
Leadership Discovery: Designed by our Harvard-educated team members, this module helps our participants experientially discover, in a cross-cultural setting, how to lead.
Community Activities: Based on the location of travel, we help participants achieve deeper immersion into unknown cultures by creating opportunities for them to participate in community activities.
Watch a Program Video
Using this four-pronged approach, MindVISA seeks to achieve – and measures itself on – the following outcomes among its participants:
- Knowing self: An increased awareness of one's abilities; and an improvement in self-confidence to tap into one's strengths and to use it for common good.
- Leading others: An increased ability to mobilize others for collective actions; and an improvement in one's ability to collaborate with others in teams, and to resolve conflicts.
- Making decisions: An increased understanding of how to create and analyze options to make informed decisions.
- Knowing the world: An increased social and environmental consciousness.


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Bone Tree (3.5e Environment)
From D&D Wiki
This environment is typically a forest, an evil, skeleton-filled, dangerous forest with flesh craving trees. The wood from these trees is highly sought after by necromancers, death-cults, sentient undead, and others who deal with death on a regular basis. Surprisingly, the tree loses all true-evil connotations once it is cut down and the stump is destroyed; this means that the wood can be used by anyone. See below for bone wood crafts.
 Bone Tree
A bone tree is the result of a seed being infused with necromantic energy either deliberately, as the result of some traumatic event, or from the seed of a greater bone tree. If it is deliberately made the creator must have a hefty supply of bones on hand to feed the tree as it grows. Most non-deliberate bone trees grow in soil that has been drenched in the blood from a massive battle where the bodies were left to rot and the bones eventually became part of the earth.
- Bone Seeds are hefty balls about the size of a coconut that sprout into a bone tree. Lesser bone tree status is achieved within 6 months of sprouting. Greater Bone tree status is achieved in 50 years
- Lesser: Undead within 30' gain a +2 Profane bonus vs turn attempts, corporeal undead gain fast healing 1. Animates anything dead within 50' into a skeleton within 1d4 hours. These effects do not stack no matter how many trees are together.
- Greater: Same as lesser plus the following - anything dead within 30' of the tree is animated as a skeleton in 1d4 rounds. Corporeal Undead within 50' gain a +1 Profane bonus to attack and damage when doing unarmed/natural attacks. Fast healing is increased to 5
Any species of tree can be a bone tree as long as it was affected by one of the processes described above. Some trees have no outward appearance betraying their status (the bones are around the roots or deep within the trunk), most have obvious bits of bone sticking from the bark, the most profane trees seem to be sheathed in a bony coating. Bone trees that grow from the seed of a greater bone tree resemble the original tree but with a malignant, evil twist to the orignal form.
 Bone Tree Skeletons
The first thing a skeleton does when created by a Bone Tree is tear any flesh left on its body and place it around the trees roots as fertilizer. Skeletons created by Bone Trees typically stay within 300' of the tree and retreat to the tree for healing if injured. When not defending the tree from a threat, the skeletons tend to the tree and maintain the grounds around it. Part of this maintenance is that the skeleton brings any fragments of bone it can find to the tree for integration into the tree. The trees skeletons are also responsible for the spread of the bone tree forest and they do this by taking bone seeds out 40 to 60 feet away from the tree for planting. Most trees only maintain a force of 10 to 20 skeletons, more useful skeletons are kept and other skeletons are integrated into the tree.
 Bone Wood Crafts
Some versions of the crepitus crutch are created using wood and bone from bone trees. Crepitus crutches made completely from materials gathered from a bone tree grant their created skeletons a +2 profane bonus versus turn attempts.
It is possible that the profane bone or wood from a Bone Wood Tree is useable in other crafted items. This would be at the DM's discretion.
 The Forest
A bone tree forest is a thing of beauty, the skeletal minions of the trees keep the grounds around their tree in pristine condition. The trees, while not truly intelligent, seem to be aware that a pleasant environment is more likely to attract good-aligned intelligent species. To this end, when the skeletons are not actively working they are directed to hide from sight however possible. They typically hide either in nearby large trees, ready to leap down on unsuspecting victims, or buried in the ground ready to rise up on unsuspecting victims.
You can generally assume that no tree is within 50 feet of each other and calculate how many trees can be in any one forest based on this assumption.


University of Minnesota Extension
 Menu Menu
Extension > Community > Civic Engagement > Tip Sheets > How can we support more productive discussions?
Engaging with the Public: A series of best practice tip sheets
How can we support more productive discussions?
Tip: Set ground rules
In public meetings, forums, hearings and other group settings, productive discussion is critical. Ground rules help a group start and maintain productive discussion. Ground rules clarify expectations for behavior in the meeting. In this tip sheet, we answer the question:
How can we start and maintain productive discussions?
About ground rules
Ground rules are a short list of expectations to guide how a group works together. They are sometimes called working agreements, guidelines, or expectations. While many public organizations use parliamentary procedure as a form of ground rules, such formal rules may not be sufficient or appropriate for guiding public discussion.
Effective ground rules help:
Here are suggestions for ground rules that can be especially helpful for public meetings:
Groups can create ground rules in advance of the meeting, or with the group at the meeting. The group's size and purpose can determine how ground rules are set. In large public meetings, we recommend that meeting planners provide ground rules created in advance. This allows the group to focus on the meeting topic while having clear expectations for discussion. In smaller groups, creating expectations together as part of the meeting is a helpful first step to working and making decisions together, particularly in a group that will work together over time.
Once ground rules are clarified, leaders should confirm with the group that these rules will guide discussion. The group's agreement allows the leader or a group member to directly address an issue when a ground rule is not followed.
Having nine or fewer ground rules helps the group more easily remember and support them. Post rules on a handout, table tent or flip chart so that they are readily available. If the group meets multiple times, repost rules at each meeting to orient new participants and remind others.
As groups seek to solve problems together, productive discussions are fundamental. Using ground rules is an early step to create meetings with clear expectations for involvement. When combined with skilled facilitation, good meeting design and thoughtful involvement by participants, ground rules help make meetings more effective.
Boyce, K. (2002). Ground rules for public participation. Fact sheet. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension
Justice, T., and Jamieson, D. (1998). The complete guide to facilitation. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
Scheffert, D., Anderson, M., Anderson, S., et al. (2001). Facilitation resources, volume 4: Managing group interaction. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension.


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The World's Largest Earwig
The largest earwig species ever recorded was the Saint Helena earwig, which could grow up to 3.3 inches in length. The species had a long, dark brown-black colored body with reddish colored legs. It had six legs located on the front portion of its body and was characterized by a large, forked tail, often referred to as a pincher. The Saint Helena earwig, also known as the giant earwig or the Saint Helena striped earwig, could be found on the island of Saint Helena in certain forests, plains, and near seabird colonies on rocky outcroppings. Researchers identified three specific areas that this species inhabited: the Prosperous Bay plain, the Horse Point plain, and the dry areas of the eastern region of the island. Informally, the Saint Helena giant earwig is sometimes called as the "dodo of the dermapteran," a name that refers to the order of insects to which the species belonged.
Earwigs are an interesting insect species due to their social behavior. Unlike most insects, which are often solitary creatures that care for and provide for themselves, earwigs exhibits familial recognition. This behavior is most noteworthy in earwig mothers, who care for their young in a number of ways, including keeping and protecting the nest of eggs, cleaning the nest and eggs, assisting baby earwigs during the hatching process, feeding young earwigs, and sleeping with baby earwigs in a communal nest. Earwigs typically construct their shelters underground in long and deep tunnels. Researchers report that most earwig species only leave these underground shelters after long periods of rain, and can be spotted on the ground at night.
Discovery of the World's Largest Earwig
A Danish entomologist was the first scientist to ever collect this species in 1798 in the Saint Helena, a tropical island in the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its record-breaking size, the Saint Helena earwig did not receive attention again until 1913, and then again in 1962, from two ornithologists. The Saint Helena earwig did not receive its scientific name, L. herculeana, until 1965, when it was discovered that the specimen had previously been confused with the L. loveridgei species. Some researchers speculate that this species was largely ignored due to a broad disinterest in earwig species, its confusion with another earwig species, and because it was an endemic species that could only be found on the island of Saint Helena.
An increasing interest in the areas of nature, biodiversity, zoology, and environmental conservation led to a slightly increased interest in this species. Beginning in the 1960's, more researchers began searching for the Saint Helena earwig, however these efforts were largely unsuccessful. The last sighting of the species was recorded in 1967. In an attempt to publicize its conservation status, the local government designed and released a collectible stamp with an image of the giant earwig in 1982. Just six years later, the London Zoo financed an exploration project in what was one of the final attempts at obtaining a live specimen. Subsequent searches were conducted in 1993 and 2003.
Factors Leading to Extinction of the World's Largest Earwig
In November of 2014, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorized the Saint Helena giant earwig on its Red List as officially extinct. While the organization acknowledges that the insect species may still exist in a very remote location on the island, it stated that all scientific evidence indicates that the insect is extinct. Experts in the field of entomology believe that two factors ultimately led to the extinction of the world's largest earwig: invasive species and habitat destruction.
An invasive species is somehow introduced to an ecosystem where it is not considered a native species. Many invasive species are introduced to ecosystems by humans, either intentionally or unintentionally, while others independently migrate to and colonize a new home.
Scientists believe that the Saint Helena giant earwig was forced to compete for survival against several invasive species, including spiders, centipedes, mice, and rats. It is believed that all of these species relied on the giant earwig as a dietary source. In particular, the Scolopendra morsitans centipede was likely the biggest challenge to the giant earwig, providing competition for food and habitat.
Another common factor in the endangerment and extinction of a vast number of animal species is habitat destruction. Habitat destruction occurs when external forces render an ecosystem unfit for the life it once sustained. This factor may be caused by natural occurrences, like flooding or storms, or by human activity, like deforestation and agriculture.
The Saint Helena giant earwig was threatened by two specific instances of habitat destruction, both caused by humans. The first was the deforestation of the gumwood forests, where it was known to inhabit. These forests were destroyed to make way for agricultural endeavors and to clear space for sprawling urbanization. Additionally, the construction industry harvested rocks from coastal areas of the island in order to keep up with increasing demands in development. These coastal rocks housed colonies of both the seabird and the Saint Helena giant earwig.
Lack of Attention Surrounding Its Extinction
Most people can cite at least a few animal species that are either endangered or already extinct, the vast majority of which will be charismatic species, meaning they are easily recognizable and often considered attractive to look at. Some examples of charismatic endangered species include pandas, tigers, and elephants. The general public is less likely to recognize insects or consider their potential extinction.
Given this lack of attention given to insect species, the extinction of the Saint Helena giant earwig was only published in a few media reports. This lack of coverage means that many individuals are still unaware of its conservation status. Critics claim that conservation groups also tend to ignore the plight of insects, focusing instead on bird and mammal species. In fact, the IUCN has identified and recorded the conservation statuses of approximately 100% of identified mammal and bird species in the world and less than 1% of global insect species. However, insects are important in maintaining the balance within ecosystems.
About the Author
Amber is a freelance writer, English as a foreign language teacher, and Spanish-English translator. She lives with her husband and 3 cats.
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Short Note of Importance of Oil in India
Oil serves as a fuel, a lubricant, and a raw material for a wide range of products. Its by-products are used in chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and many other industries.
The importance of Oil in India can be seen in transportation, industrial power, light and heat, lubricant, petro-chemicals, and other uses.
 1. Importance of Oil in Transportation: Petrol (gasoline) and diesel oil are used to drive cars, buses, trucks etc. Aviation fuel is used by jet planes, heavy fuel by locomotives and steamships.
 2. Importance of oil in Industrial power generation: Oil is used to generate thermal electricity. Fuel oils and natural gas have largely replaced coal in the boilers and furnaces of factories.
 3. Importance of oil for Light and heat purpose: Oil is used for the central heating of homes and offices and paraffin (Kerosene) for lighting and cooking.
 4. Importance as a Lubricant: Vehicles, machinery and equipment's need to be greased with lubricants to reduce friction.
 5. Importance of oil in Petro-chemicals: Petroleum by-products are used for making synthetic fibers, ink and drugs.
 6. Other uses: Asphalt, bitumen, pitch or tar are used for road making and roofing and paraffin and wax for making polishes and candles.
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A Freedom Dialogue
Exchange Regarding Principles of Social Meta-Needs
Emanating from Reality
The following is a MoreLife Yahoo posted reply by Paul Wakfer in response to a question and comment in a previous posted message to that same group by Scott Miller (AKA game_investor) in September 2008.
Subject: Re: Principles Emanating from Reality [was: Re: Reading between the lines
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 21:15:48 -0400
From: Paul Wakfer
Organization: MoreLife
On 09/30/2008 06:35 PM, game_investor wrote:
> --- In, Paul Wakfer wrote:
>>...[O]ne in which the principles of Social Meta-Needs (which are
>> *not* my theories, but rather emanate directly from reality if only
>> one looks penetratingly enough) are rationally understood and in
>> operation during human interactions.
> Paul, this statement stuck out for me.
I am pleased to see you reading with thought, not just skimming, and
even more pleased to have you ask a thoughtful question.
> What do you mean when you say
> "the principles of Social Meta-Needs" emanates from reality?
It means that, just like the laws of nature in any particular area
attempt to describe the behavior of a particular aspect of reality, so
the theory of Social Meta-Needs, and the principles (another word for
rules or laws) that derive from that theory, also attempts to describe
the behavior of a particular aspect of reality. The laws of physics
attempt to describe the behavior of space time and matter (the latter
in both particle and bulk form, but not the bulk form in any great
detail since that becomes the purview of many other separate
sciences). The theory of Social Meta-Needs attempts to describe the
interactions of human beings which will enable each at the same time
to optimally increase hir lifetime happiness. Thus the principles of
Social Meta-Needs are discovered by examining reality in the same
manner as the laws of physics are found by examining reality. It
appears to me that no one before me has examined the essence of what
it means to be a human living with other humans on this Earth
sufficiently carefully to have seen the complete and consistent
picture of just what principles of human interaction will optimize the
lifetime happiness of each all at the same time (or even that such a
set of principles can even exist at all).
> Is this because these principles are based on human psychology?
Yes and no. They are based on the essential characteristics of human
beings (characteristics that are inherent in being human and therefore
common to all humans). Much of this would reasonably be placed under
the heading of human psychology (and sociology too). However, current
human psychology is merely the study of the behavior of the humans
that have arisen within the current social environment. Human
psychology says almost nothing about what humans could be, should be
(in order to each optimally increase hir lifetime happiness) and,
therefore, ought to be.
> Your statement, IMO, also implies that there is no other set of
> principles that can exist, since reality has one truth (to the best
> of my knowledge).
Again that is essentially correct. Just as there is only one correct
physical law (although a recent Science News article described how
some physicists are beginning to doubt this in general), so there
would be only one correct set of principles that will enable all
humans together to each optimally increase hir lifetime happiness.
Thus, my approach is completely at odds with most social philosophers
who appear to think that the rules of social behavior are quite
arbitrary and dependent on which culture one is in - which is, of
course, nothing but a recipe for conflict - a sort of tower of Babel
with respect to rules of social behavior on top of the language and
religion problems already existent in the world.
So while I have discovered the ideas of Social Meta-Needs, just as a
physicist discovers a new physical law, and the theory of Social
Meta-Needs is mine in the same way that the theory of general
relativity is Einstein's, that theory is not mine in the sense of
being a social scheme for human interaction derived from my own
particular cultural heritage and my own personal narrow biased views
of how humans should behave - as is the case for most other social
My approach to the science of human interaction has been entirely
similar to that of any scientist who asks what principles, laws or
rules of behavior govern/describe the operation of a certain set of
objects of reality and their environmental interactions. So in the
same manner, I looked at the most primary and essential aspects of
human existent, human environment and potential human interactions.
The theory of Social Meta-Needs is the result of that examination.