Marketing Mix Modelling: What can I learn about how marketing channels work?
7 min read
25 Jun
Hold on a sec! You can now read this and other related blogs in my eBook:
I may have ended my last blog frustrating some people by providing little detail about marketing channels. Here I outline why one of the core outputs from marketing mix models – return on investment – is a useful starting point for marketing spend allocation, a key benefit of the marketing mix modelling approach.
I explain what marketing mix modelling measures about how marketing channels work to show there is lots of detail behind an ROI metric. But I am afraid that I will probably disappoint again. Because this piece will end with the exciting possibility of using the model outputs to plan but stops short of explaining exactly how.
It is worth repeating that my aim is to write from the perspective of business decisions. If you are reading this as a practitioner, you may think that I am missing out information – this is deliberate. If you are interested in techniques, whether you have a technical background or not, please get in touch.
Overall purpose of marketing mix models
If I had to pick one aim of marketing mix modelling from the multiple benefits it is the measurement of return on investment (ROI) of marketing activities. Comparing ROI by media channel provides a starting point for optimizing a media plan. It is an output that makes marketing mix modelling a gold standard approach for marketing optimization.
Key concepts: return on investment (ROI)
ROI is a summary of media channel efficiency, calculated by dividing the incremental revenue (or profit) contributed by a channel by the channel spend over a fixed period. If revenue ROI is 0.5 it means that additional revenue from running the activity is only half of what it cost. An ROI of 1.5 it means that every £ spent on pays back £1.50:
TV revenue ROI = Incremental revenue from TV / Spend on TV
If a marketing mix model measures ROI across channels, comparing channel ROI is an objective way to allocate spend. This is very blunt and assumes that efficiency is the only metric that matters, but if TV ROI = 0.6 and Press ROI = 0.8 the next £ should be spent in Press because it generates 80p revenue (compared to 60p if spent on TV.)
Side notes on the complexities of ROI (can skip without missing out …)
 - If the model metric is volume, it can be converted to revenue using average price
 - Including promotional discounts or not in this price may have a big impact on ROI
 - Apply margins to revenue if profit ROI needed (to compare across products)
 - Costs typically exclude production (this is a sunk cost if copy is repeatedly aired)
 - Measured ROI is short term. Long term is usually derived by applying a multiplier
Stakeholders must buy into ROI definitions and ensure that they are consistently applied across analyses. An easy definition of ROI is more useful for decision-making than a more accurate but complex calculation. Models are meant to simplify reality.
Key concepts: aggregate response
This piece explains how marketing mix modelling works. The modelled metric is aggregated sales. Individuals' purchases are aggregated, and ROI reflects an average response. For strategic decisions this is better than a bottom-up analysis of transactions that tend to vary by individual, making the underlying pattern more difficult to measure.
Key concepts: incremental response
The measured effect of an activity is the incremental impact, the isolated additional sales not including those who would have bought it anyway. Not all media campaigns aim to generate sales though, so low ROI does not necessarily mean a poor campaign.
Consider these three examples:
 1. Campaign for innovation à the main aim is to drive awareness. Initially, awareness may be too low to generate sales. (Marketing mix modelling can also be applied to brand health metrics if they are robust and frequent enough.)
 2. Name-change campaign. Think about when Marathon went to Snickers, Opal Fruits to Starburst, Immac to Veet … à the primary goal is to not lose any existing buyers. A measured sales uplift of zero may signal a strong campaign.
 3. PR campaign. Think about oil spillages or product recalls à the aim is often damage-limitation. Unlikely to manifest as a sales uplift, but success may show up as a quicker recovery to typical "pre-problem" sales levels.
Marketing mix models tend to measure low ROIs for the types of campaign above, but no analyst worth their salt would recommend not spending on them, despite what a model says. This perfectly illustrates why very few analytics experts advocate for the complete automation of marketing mix modelling despite the available tech. It is a tool
The theory bit - what are the drivers of ROI?
I sidestep the question of what makes one brand's marketing yield a higher ROI than another (Spoiler alert: category and brand size in relation to marketing spend are key drivers) and focus on what causes a brand's ROI to vary over time:
 - Scale/Speed of sales response - related to how considered a purchase is. Think of a mortgage versus a morning coffee Considered purchases need more messages to generate a response.
 - How long sales impact lasts - related to memorability of the message. Think of a great TV advert from decades ago. Why can you still recall it? Memorable ads generate more for a given spend - some even years later.
 - Synergy between channels - related to a whole being greater than sum of parts. Think how a campaign with messages on TV & online amplify each other. Synergy between channels should also influence planning decisions.
 - Changes in other factors - related often to making products more accessible..
 Think about the marketing effect if double number of stores are sold in. More available/visible/affordable increases potential marketing effect.
 - Marginal benefit of spend - related to returns to scale. Think - ease of 1st mile on bike vs. effort for 20th. Benefit of 1st cake vs 20th. What you get back for a £ spent changes as your total spend changes.
 - Creative effectiveness - related to all sorts of things from copy wear-out to tone. Think about your reaction to advertising campaigns during covid-19, was it different to before? Even if media conditions are great, how a message resonates plays a part.
 - Share of market - related to how much you can realistically spend. Think of real-world constraints like fixed budgets & presence of competitors.. ROI in a short-term period is limited by a brand's current relative position.
Typically, the first five can be accounted for in marketing mix models to say something about how each contributes to ROI. Creative effect is subjective, but a different ROI between campaigns once quantifiable factors are accounted for may be due to creative. Market share is also an overlay that can explain differences in ROI across longer periods.
The practical bit – how is the marketing response measured in marketing mix models?
Some companies own proprietary advertising models enabling analysts to turn outputs into explicit recommendations quickly. They are great but only measure the same principles above – rooted in marketing theory, not unique to marketing mix modelling. If you are daunted by the term marketing response, do not be. It is simply a shape.
A shape that reveals something about ho marketing works. When a marketing mix model includes the non-media drivers of sales, what is left is the media impact. Analysts test lots of alternative shapes and watch what happens to the quality of the model before selecting the best based on statistical and common-sense criteria.
Scale/speed of sales response
A takeaway coffee is not expensive compared to a mortgage - it may even be an impulse buy. What this means is that if someone is going to be persuaded by coffee advertising at all they probably only need to see one or two messages to be convinced to try, or be reminded that the brand was one they previously liked.
Mortgages are different. Not all potential mortgage buyers are in the market at once. Those who are make long lists of brands, research product needs then make short-lists before doing anything. Mortgage marketers need to be exposing these potential consumers to their messages throughout this longer time-period.
Fig 1: Sales response to different types of purchaseFig 1. Response varies by type of purchase
How does this help plan?
If consumers only need to see one message before they will buy this informs the best channel options, frequency needed within a channel and minimum campaign spend needed. Compared to if they need to see more messages.
How long sales impact lasts
What was that ad you remember from years ago? Whether it is the music, visual content, annoyance quotient, comedic value, or product affinity - the memorability of messages varies. After buying once due to the ad the same consumer may buy again. Or, an ad seen a while ago triggers an initial purchase after the fact.
The impact on aggregate sales is the same; after the marketing stops there continues to be an impact on sales. This is modelled by measuring the speed at which this after-effect dwindles to nothing. The following examples are for 2 weeks of advertising where the effect decays at a) 50% b) 25% each week:
Fig 2. Sales impact after marketing has stoppedFig 2. Impact lasts after marketing stops
How does this help plan?
If the decay is slow it means that campaigns can be more stretched out, for example by going week on/week off to cover a longer period. It also means that once reach has been built, weights can be lowered to avoid wastage.
Synergy between channels
A campaign deploys with TV and online video. The creatives are similar. If you run only TV, there is a measurable sales effect. Ditto for online video. When you run the copies


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Topic: Tsarskoye Selo
January 15th marked the 180th anniversary of the death of Saint Seraphim of Sarov. In honour of this anniversary, a cross was erected in memory of an unfinished church which stood on the spot in 1916.
The church was to constructed in honour of the miraculous escape of Anna Vyrubova, friend and confidant of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, who survived a horrific train disaster on January 2 [O.S.], 1915.
At the initiative of Vyruobova, the Saint Seraphim Hospital was opened, designed for Russian soldiers officers wounded during World War One. The hospital could hold up to 50 patients at one time. In the spring of 1916, Empress Alexandra allocated a plot of land for the construction of hospital buildings and the Saint Seraphim of Sarov Church. A cross was erected on the spot where the church would be constructed.
On November 5 [O.S.], 1916, a liturgy was held during the laying of the foundation stone for the new church. The service was attended by Emperor Nicholas II and his family, Anna Vyrubova, and members of the clergy.
Sadly, the outbreak of the February Revolution in 1917 and other subsequent events prevented further construction of the church. The church was nothing more than a simple wooden frame measuring 20 x 20 meters. After the Revolution the church was destroyed. Some sources say it was burnt to the ground, while others maintain that it was dismantled for firewood by locals.
One point of interest is that it was here that Rasputin's body was buried on December 21, 1916, on the north side of the church. His final resting place was disrupted in March 1917 by the Bolsheviks, who dug up his remains and subsequently destroyed them.
© Paul Gilbert @ Royal Russia. 18 January, 2013

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Blaneys on COVID-19
Stay Informed
March 31, 2020 DOWNLOAD PDF
Wills and Powers of Attorney in a Social Distancing Environment
Concern over COVID-19 and its potential impact has given many people concern over whether they "have their affairs in order." Lawyers and financial advisors are getting inquiries about how to deal with wills and powers of attorney, often from those who are the most vulnerable or their loved ones. In an era of imposed social distancing, and total shut down of access by visitors to hospitals and care facilities, there are many challenges if it is considered urgent that a new will or power of attorney is to be signed.
Ontario law has strict rules regarding the proper signing of Wills and powers of attorney. Both types of documents must be signed in the physical presence of two witnesses with all persons seeing each other sign. Also, there are restrictions on who can witness Wills and powers of attorney.
You need to be at least 18 to make a Will and have the required legal capacity. No one can provide Will instructions on your behalf. Wills cannot be witnessed by the following persons: any beneficiary or spouse/partner of a beneficiary; any person who is under the age of 18. The estate trustee can be a witness, but it is not recommended.
You need to be at least 18 to make a power of attorney for property and 16 to make a power of attorney for care, and have the required legal capacity in both cases. No one can provide instructions on your behalf.
Powers of attorney cannot be witnessed by the following persons: the grantor; children of the grantor or persons the grantor has treated as his/her child; persons appointed as attorney or their spouse/partner; persons whose property is under guardianship or who have a guardian of the person; any person who is under 18 years of age.
In all of these scenarios, physical presence is required and video conferencing, remote document signing and other methods available for distance execution of contracts are not available. To create a valid will or power of attorney, even in times of social distancing, physical presence is needed.
There are ways to achieve a validly executed will or power of attorney, with witnesses present but separated by glass windows or doors, extra measures used to sanitize pens and desks and telephone and/or video phone connections to make sure that the necessary steps are followed, but these need to be considered in each individual case. The take away needs to be "use caution" and "get professional advice."
Note: The information provided is based on Ontario law, and the laws of Canada applicable therein. However, it does not constitute legal advice or create a solicitor-client relationship. Readers are encouraged to consult a member of Blaneys' Wills and Estates practice group for advice specific to their circumstances. We are available by telephone and electronically during the COVID-19 crisis.


text:
In general, a rate transition exists between two blocks if their sample times differ, that is, if either of their sample-time vector components are different. The exceptions are:
Blocks that output constant value never have a rate transition with any other rate.
A continuous sample time (black) and the fastest discrete rate (red) never has a rate transition if you use a fixed-step solver.
A variable sample time and fixed in minor step do not have a rate transition.
You can resolve rate transitions manually by inserting rate transition blocks and by using two diagnostic tools. For the single-tasking execution mode, the Single task rate transition diagnostic allows you to set the level of Simulink® rate transition messages. The Multitask rate transition diagnostic serves the same function for multitasking execution mode. These execution modes directly relate to the type of solver in use: Variable-step solvers are always single-tasking; fixed-step solvers may be explicitly set as single-tasking or multitasking.
Simulink can detect mismatched rate transitions in a multitasking model during an update diagram and automatically insert Rate Transition blocks to handle them. To enable this, in the Solver pane of model configuration parameters, select Automatically handle rate transition for data transfer. The default setting for this option is off. When you select this option:
Simulink handles transitions between periodic sample times and asynchronous tasks.
Simulink inserts hidden Rate Transition blocks in the block diagram.
Automatically inserted Rate Transition blocks operate in
protected mode for periodic tasks and asynchronous tasks. You cannot alter
this behavior. For periodic tasks, automatically inserted Rate Transition
blocks operate with the level of determinism specified by the
transfer parameter in the Solver pane.
The default setting is
possible, which enables
determinism for data transfers between periodic sample-times that are
related by an integer multiple. For more information, see Deterministic data transfer. To use other modes, you must insert Rate Transition
blocks and set their modes manually.
When you select the Automatically handle rate transition for data transfer option, Simulink inserts Rate Transition blocks in the paths that have mismatched transition rates. These blocks are hidden by default. To visualize the inserted blocks, update the diagram. Badge labels appear in the model and indicate where Simulink inserted Rate Transition blocks during the compilation phase. For example, in this model, three Rate Transition blocks were inserted between the two Sine Wave blocks and the Multiplexer and Integrator when the model compiled. The ZOH and DbBuf badge labels indicate these blocks.
You can show or hide badge labels. On the Debug tab, select Information Overlays > Automatic Rate Transitions.
To configure the hidden Rate Transition blocks, right click on a badge label and click on Insert rate transition block to make the block visible.
When you make hidden Rate Transition blocks visible:
You can see the type of Rate Transition block inserted as well as the location in the model.
You can set the Initial Conditions of these blocks.
You can change data transfer and sample time block parameters.
Validate the changes to your model by updating your diagram.
Displaying inserted Rate Transition blocks is not compatible with:
Concurrent execution environment
To learn more about the types of Rate Transition blocks, see Rate Transition.
Suppose you automatically insert rate transition blocks and there is a virtual block specifying sample time upstream of the block you insert. You cannot click the badge of the inserted block to configure the block and make it visible because the sample time on the virtual block causes a rate transition as well. In this case, manually insert a rate transition block before the virtual block. To learn more about virtual blocks, see Nonvirtual and Virtual Blocks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Script Consulting Services
has worked as a script consultant and story analyst for the past two decades. Her highly regarded technique helps writers identify and focus on the deeper, thematic, emotional and even spiritual dimensions of their stories. Dara incorporates the fundamentals of traditional story structure, but also moves writers beyond that paradigm, by identifying an interior structure that forms the Transformational Arc.
This arc illuminates the inner journey that a character takes while moving through the external events (or plot) of a story. This movement especially resonates with the audience because it parallels our experiences in real life. An incident or series of events that form a plotline only has profound meaning if it can lead us to a greater and deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. The Transformational Arc can be found in all genres and it is the single most important factor that separates good scripts from great ones.
Dara's process of story analysis encompasses four major goals:
- To identify the primary structural elements of the plot and subplot lines in order to develop a structural breakdown of the script. This allows the analyst to virtually "look inside" the story and gauge clearly and precisely what is occurring in the structure.
- To help define and articulate the thematic goal of the story so that the writer can approach the rewrite with purpose and intentionality.
- To track the transformational arc of the story so that the writer can better understand the movement of the plot in relationship to the internal journey of the protagonist.
- To brainstorm with the writer to develop new ideas for solving script problems.
In addition to identifying script problems, a great deal of time is spent helping the writer develop stronger techniques in order to raise his or her skill level. Whether a writer is a novice or an experienced professional, weaknesses in a script generally point to weaknesses in the writer's technique. The ultimate goal of this story analysis is not just to help create a better script, but also to help a writer reach his or her full potential.
For a more in-depth discussion on her technique, please click here to read Dara's interview in Above the Line


Take the 2-minute tour ×
We have the following AddUser method which adds a new record to the database using EF:
 public User AddUser(User user)
 using (var context = DataObjectFactory.CreateContext())
 var userEntity = Mapper.Map(user);
 context.AddObject("UserEntities", userEntity);
 return Mapper.Map(userEntity);
Our User type is like this:
public class User
 public string FirstName { get; set; }
 public string LastName { get; set; }
 public Customer Customer { get; set; }
We have a Customer table and a User table and in User table we have customerid as a foreign key.
In the USER table we have Firstname, Lastname and CustomerId fields, we get the firstname, lastname and customerid (dropdown list of customers) details from the user, create the Customer object with customerid we get from the user and pass all of these to the AddUser method, but what happens is that the User gets inserted into the database and also a new Customer is inserted into the Customer's table (with a new customerid), is there any way of stopping this?
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1 Answer
You need to set the EntityState of the Customer to Unchanged.
Something like
 context.Entry(customer).State = EntityState.Unchanged;
 context.ObjectStateManager.ChangeObjectState(userEntity.Customer, EntityState.Unchanged);
(depending on what kind of context you are using)
See _URL_
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|14 May 2012
Ancient Swedish stone structure spurs debate
Ancient Scandinavians dragged 59 boulders to a seaside cliff near what is now the Swedish fishing village of Kaseberga. They carefully arranged the massive stones - each weighing up to 1,800 kilograms - in the outline of a 67-meter-long ship overlooking the Baltic Sea.
Archaeologists generally agree this megalithic structure, known as Ales Stenar ('Ale's Stones'), was assembled near the end of the Iron Age, as a burial monument. But a team of researchers now argues it's really 2,500 years old, dating from the Scandinavian Bronze Age, and was built as an astronomical calendar with the same underlying geometry as England's Stonehenge.
Nils-Axel Moerner, a retired geologist from Stockholm University, co-authored the paper published in March in the International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Moerner says his team observed that the sun rises and sets at specific points around Ales Stenar at the summer and winter solstices. They also observed that certain aspects of the stone ship's geometry matched those of Stonehenge.
Swedish archaeologist Martin Rundkvist, managing editor of the archaeology journal Fornvaennen, has another view. "The idea that the stone ship might have been an astronomical calendar has no supporters among academic archaeologists".
The Swedish countryside is home to many similar megalithic structures, known as stone ships. Most of them date to Sweden's Late Iron Age (approximately _PHONE_ CE), and serve as burial monuments, Rundkvist explains.
Archaeologists using radiocarbon dating have calculated that Ales Stenar was built about 1,400 years ago - long after the date estimated by Moerner's team. "This was the world of Beowulf," says Rundkvist.
Edited from LiveScience (18 April 2012)
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6 Basics [basic]
6.5 Name lookup [basic.lookup]
6.5.5 Qualified name lookup [basic.lookup.qual] General [basic.lookup.qual.general]
Lookup of an identifier followed by a :: scope resolution operator considers only namespaces, types, and templates whose specializations are types.
If a name, template-id, or decltype-specifier is followed by a ::, it shall designate a namespace, class, enumeration, or dependent type, and the :: is never interpreted as a complete nested-name-specifier.
[Example 1: class A { public: static int n; }; int main() { int A; A::n = 42; // OK A b; // error: A does not name a type } template struct B : A {}; namespace N { template void B(); int f() { return B<0>::n; // error: N::B<0> is not a type } } — end example]
A member-qualified name is the (unique) component name ([expr.prim.id.unqual]), if any, of in the id-expression of a class member access expression ([expr.ref]).
The lookup context of a member-qualified name is the type of its associated object expression (considered dependent if the object expression is type-dependent).
The lookup context of any other qualified name is the type, template, or namespace nominated by the preceding nested-name-specifier.
[Note 1:
When parsing a class member access, the name following the -> or. is a qualified name even though it is not yet known of which kind.
— end note]
[Example 2:
In N::C::m.Base::f() Base is a member-qualified name; the other qualified names are C, m, and f.
— end example]
Qualified name lookup in a class, namespace, or enumeration performs a search of the scope associated with it ([class.member.lookup]) except as specified below.
Unless otherwise specified, a qualified name undergoes qualified name lookup in its lookup context from the point where it appears unless the lookup context either is dependent and is not the current instantiation ([temp.dep.type]) or is not a class or class template.
If nothing is found by qualified lookup for a member-qualified name that is the terminal name ([expr.prim.id.unqual]) of a nested-name-specifier and is not dependent, it undergoes unqualified lookup.
[Note 2:
During lookup for a template specialization, no names are dependent.
— end note]
[Example 3: int f(); struct A { int B, C; template using D = void; using T = void; void f(); }; using B = A; template using C = A; template using D = A; template using X = A; template void g(T *p) { // as instantiated for g: p->X<0>::f(); // error: A::X not found in ((p->X) < 0) > ::f() p->template X<0>::f(); // OK: ::X found in definition context p->B::f(); // OK: non-type A::B ignored p->template C<0>::f(); // error: A::C is not a template p->template D<0>::f(); // error: A::D<0> is not a class type p->T::f(); // error: A::T is not a class type } template void g(A*); — end example]
If a qualified name Q follows a ~:
 - If Q is a member-qualified name, it undergoes unqualified lookup as well as qualified lookup.
 - Otherwise, its nested-name-specifier N shall nominate a type.
 If N has another nested-name-specifier S, Q is looked up as if its lookup context were that nominated by S.
 - Otherwise, if the terminal name of N is a member-qualified name M, Q is looked up as if ~Q appeared in place of M (as above).
 - Otherwise, Q undergoes unqualified lookup.
 - Each lookup for Q considers only types (if Q is not followed by a <) and templates whose specializations are types.
 If it finds nothing or is ambiguous, it is discarded.
 - The type-name that is or contains Q shall refer to its (original) lookup context (ignoring cv-qualification) under the interpretation established by at least one (successful) lookup performed.
[Example 4: struct C { typedef int I; }; typedef int I1, I2; extern int* p; extern int* q; void f() { p->C::I::~I(); // I is looked up in the scope of C q->I1::~I2(); // I2 is found by unqualified lookup } struct A { ~A(); }; typedef A AB; int main() { AB* p; p->AB::~AB(); // explicitly calls the destructor for A } — end example]


Most Colorful Trippy Dippy Places in the World!
Sedona, Arizona (above) is certainly colorful, but there are places in the world that are so colorful that if you don't have a camera with you, you may weep.
Russian abandoned salt mine
Russia has an abandoned salt mine that is very psychedelic!
Blue Canyon, Death Valley
Death Valley may look barren and very rocky and dead, but the geology in the area shows some extraordinary colors.
Coyote Buttes, Utah
Grand Prismatic Spring, Wyoming
This is the largest hot spring in the US and third largest in the world. It contains the colors of the rainbow. Pigmented archae along the edges of the mineral-rich water create a color prism.
YuanYang Terraces, China
These man-made rice terraces are flooded with water, change colors depending on the season and growing.
Antelope Canyon, Arizona
The Navajo name for this canyon is place where water runs through rock.
Dallol, Ethiopia
Potash, sylvite and salt mining was done here on large scale.
Lake Retba, Senegal
The high salt content in this lake attracts a saline algae that turns the water pink.
Fly Geyser, Nevada
This geothermal geyser. It is partly natural and partly not so, as some attempted well drilling created a situation combined with geothermal to create this colorful and interesting place.
Zhangye Danxia Landform - China
Sandstone and minerals combined for 24,000,000 years to create this amazing scenic and colorful place.
What makes these places so colorful and unusual? Some are artificial, like the terraces in China or the salt mines that were dug in Russia. Others have minerals, geothermal, and geologic oddities to give them life.
These are surely out of this world places worth visiting and please, don't forget the camera!


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Transboundary EIA in Central America
08 June 2007 | News story
Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental Transfronteriza en Centroamérica - Lineamientos generales is the name of a new book of the EPLP Series, produced by the IUCN Regional Office for Mesoamerica (ORMA) and the IUCN
Environmental Law Centre (ELC).
Central America is a region that shares ecosystems, river basins, and protected areas. The development of projects, plans or activities likely to produce transboundary impacts need to be appropriately considered, and an EIA process established and anchored in regional policies and legislation.
This book, elaborated by Dr. Alejandro Iza, Director of the ELC, Dr. Grethel Aguilar, Regional Director, IUCN ORMA, and Marianela Cedeño, environmental lawyer at the IUCN Regional Office in Mesoamerica analyses the relevant initiatives on transboundary EIA in the world, and advances the basic elements of a regional agreement on EIA in a transboundary context for Central America.


text:
Education and outreach is at the core of our mission as an organization. If you'd like for the PRISM to present to your group, please contact _EMAIL_.
The Summer Invasive Plant Training Powerpoint includes information for landowners on the following topics:
- General fundamentals of invasive plant identification and treatment
- Control measures for grasses, forbs, vines, shrubs, and trees
- PRISM's "Terrible Twelve" invasive plant identification and management techniques
- Twenty additional invasive plants of concern, plant identification only


A history of Nokia's from paper mills to Gorbachev
Started in 1865 as a paper manufacturer, Nokia began making radio phones for the military in the 1960s and launched its first handheld in 1987
The launch of Nokia Lumia 920 and 820 Windows smartphones in 2012. Photograph: Spencer Platt/Getty Images
In 1865, Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill in south-west Finland and started manufacturing paper. He opened a second mill three years later near the town of Nokia and by 1902, the firm had moved into electricity generating. Shortly after the first world war, Nokia was close to bankruptcy and the nearby Finnish Rubber Works, maker of galoshes, hoses and tyres, bought the firm in order to ensure a power supply. A few years later, the group acquired Finnish Cable Works, exporter of telephone and electricity cables to the Soviet Union, and the crucible of Nokia's electronics business. The three companies merged in 1922 to form a conglomerate.
By the 1960s, Nokia had begun making radio phones for the Finnish military. In 1982, Nokia introduced its first car phone, with the grand title of Mobira Senator. Its first handheld mobile arrived in 1987 and weighed a hefty 0.7kg (1.7lbs). Officially called the Mobira Cityman, it soon became known as the 'Gorba' after Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using one.
By 1992, conglomerates were out of fashion and Nokia decided to focus entirely on mobile phones, gradually selling off its rubber, cable and consumer electronics businesses.
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Handling in Calvin
Exceptions or error codes? That seems to be question. Exceptions are the standard error reporting mechanism in C++, but there are many valid reasons for avoiding them. In this regard, I took the route that the Boost libraries did and give the programmer an option.
Depending on the value of the NO_CALVIN_EXCEPTIONS macro at compile time, either an exception (of type calvin_exception) is thrown, or the function calvin::throw_exception is called. If the function option is chosen, then the programmer must define a function by that name to handle any errors. The function should take a single parameter of type calvin_exception.
calvin_exception is a subclass of std::exception, and uses the what parameter to store the cause. Call calvin_exception.what() to see the error string.
To the Persistent Go the Spoils!
That's it for using Calvin. I've been using Calvin in my own applications for several months now with nary a problem. Then again, I know it and tend to perhaps skirt its warts unintentionally. It should be considered 0.1 software. I would welcome any bug fixes.
Calvin isn't done yet though. Current plans to extend it are to include a ZIP archive and an XML archive. The next article will be a tutorial on creating new archives by subclassing stream buffers. If you'd like a deeper explanation on the inner workings of Calvin, e-mail me and I might write up another article talking about the template type matching that makes Calvin work.
In the meantime, peruse the source code. It's compact, simple, and pretty straightforward. I've included it here and written this article hopefully so that you can use it and extend it to suit your needs. The example/test program included with this article requires that Boost version 1.31 or later be installed in the calvin subdirectory. Also, the Boost file system library should be built and available to the test program for linking.
Calvin is copyright by myself, Jay Kint, and licensed for use under the MS-PL license. It should be considered "as-is" and no warranty is intended or implied.
The author would like to thank John Olsen for his contributions and feedback on this article.
1A value type is one that isn't a pointer or a reference. If you can assign from one variable to a second variable, assign something else to the first variable, and the second variable hasn't changed, then those variables types are considered value types. For example:
// value type pseudo code
T x, y;
x = something;
y = x;
x = something_else;
print x;
print y;
If T is a value type, then x should print something_else and y should print something. If x and y print something_else, then T is not a value type.
 1. Boost
 2. Specifically the serialization library, type traits, shared pointers, and file system libraries. Lots of other good things are there as well. If you don't know the boost libraries, check them out.
 3. Eternity
 4. Great little persistence library, which was my first choice, until I started running into the limitations that prompted Calvin.
 5. Holub, Allen; MSJ, June 1996
 6. Every persistence library I've run across has mentioned this article as a source. Worth the read just for an idea of what should be in a persistence library whether you're a user or designer.
 - 1/29/2005
 - First draft posted for review.
 - 2/5/2005
 - Second draft posted for review.
 - 2/8/2005
 - Article submitted to CodeProject.
About the Author
Jay Kint
Web Developer
United States United States
Jay Kint has been a software engineer/hacker for most of his life, starting with 8 bit Ataris. After a lengthy stint in the game industry, he now works at Microsoft in SQL Server.
Comments and Discussions
QuestionI can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? Pinmemberltn61422-Jun-09 5:21
AnswerRe: I can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? PinmemberDavid J Ward2-Sep-09 6:14
AnswerRe: I can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? PinmemberMember 381982126-Jan-11 2:12
me either. looked like a great lib too...
GeneralThanks PinmemberThVoidedLine9-Nov-07 14:02
GeneralSupport for map (code included) [modified] PinmemberWeird Alexis13-Sep-06 0:00
QuestionHow to run this? PinmemberVikas Gandhi31-Mar-06 2:53
QuestionHow about boost serialization? PinsussAnonymous14-Feb-05 19:16
AnswerRe: How about boost serialization? PinmemberJay Kint15-Feb-05 5:05
Generaloverloaded ^ operator PinsussArno Nym13-Feb-05 7:13
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator PinmemberJay Kint13-Feb-05 12:31
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator Pinmemberpeterchen24-Jan-13 23:06
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator PinmemberJay Kint31-Jan-13 12:54
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same effect:
use 5.10.0;
sub count {state $counter; return ++ $counter}
say count (); # Prints 1
say count (); # Prints 2
state variables were introduced in Perl 5.10.
Alternatively, you can achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, e.g.,
sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
{ my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
The use of my() in a false conditional has been deprecated in Perl 5.10, and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
Reading/writing bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(), recv(), syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter.
A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may actually be several adjacent characters that together form a complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character, like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear to be a single character when displayed, with the circumflex hovering over the "R".
As of Perl 5.30, use of delimiters which are non-standalone graphemes is fatal, in order to move the language to be able to accept multi-character graphemes as delimiters.
Also, as of Perl 5.30, delimiters which are unassigned code points but that may someday become assigned are prohibited. Otherwise, code that works today would fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters.
Perl 5.28
Attributes :locked and :unique
The attributes :locked (on code references) and :unique (on array, hash and scalar references) have had no effect since Perl 5.005 and Perl 5.8.8 respectively. Their use has been deprecated since.
As of Perl 5.28, these attributes are syntax errors. Since the attributes do not do anything, removing them from your code fixes the syntax error; and removing them will not influence the behaviour of your code.
Bare here-document terminators
Perl has allowed you to use a bare here-document terminator to have the here-document end at the first empty line. This practise was deprecated in Perl 5.000; as of Perl 5.28, using a bare here-document terminator throws a fatal error.
You are encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document:
print <<"";
 Print this line.
# Previous blank line ends the here-document.
Setting $/ to a reference to a non-positive integer
You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to work the same as setting it to undef but was in fact internally different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the reference.
In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning would be thrown.
As of Perl 5.28, setting $/ to a reference of a non-positive integer throws a fatal error.
You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to undef explicitly if you wish to slurp the file.
Limit on the value of Unicode code points.
Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much larger ones. Up till Perl 5.28, it was allowed to use code points exceeding the maximum value of an integer (IV_MAX). However, that did break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including causing it to hang in a few cases. The known problem areas were in tr///, regular expression pattern matching using quantifiers, as quote delimiters in qX...X (where X is the chr() of a large code point), and as the upper limits in loops.
The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24; as of Perl 5.28 using a code point exceeding IV_MAX throws a fatal error.
If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit word sizes than 32-bit ones. For 32-bit integers, IV_MAX equals 0x7FFFFFFF, for 64-bit integers, IV_MAX equals 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
Use of comma-less variable list in formats.
It was allowed to use a list of variables in a format, without separating them with commas. This usage has been deprecated for a long time, and as of Perl 5.28, this throws a fatal error.
Use of \N{}
Use of \N{} with nothing between the braces was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
Since such a construct is equivalent to using an empty string, you are recommended to remove such \N{} constructs.
Using the same symbol to open a filehandle and a dirhandle
It used to be legal to use open() to associate both a filehandle and a dirhandle to the same symbol (glob or scalar). This idiom is likely to be confusing, and it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
Using the same symbol to open() a filehandle and a dirhandle throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
You should be using two different symbols instead.
${^ENCODING} is no longer supported.
The special variable ${^ENCODING} was used to implement the encoding pragma. Setting this variable to anything other than undef was deprecated in Perl 5.22. Full deprecation of the variable happened in Perl 5.25.3.
Setting this variable to anything other than an undefined value throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
This method, which just calls B::Concise::b_terse, has been deprecated, and disappeared in Perl 5.28. Please use B::Concise instead.
Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
As an (ahem) accidental feature, AUTOLOAD subroutines were looked up as methods (using the _USER_ hierarchy) even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. Foo::bar()), not as methods (e.g. Foo->bar() or $obj->bar()).
This bug was deprecated in Perl 5.004, has been rectified in Perl 5.28 by using method lookup only for methods' AUTOLOADs.
In code that currently says use AutoLoader; _USER_ = qw(AutoLoader); you should remove AutoLoader from _USER_ and change use AutoLoader; to use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';.
Use of code points over 0xFF in string bitwise operators
The string bitwise operators, &, |, ^, and ~, treat their operands as strings of bytes. As such, values above 0xFF are nonsensical. Using such code points with these operators was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and is fatal as of Perl 5.28.
In XS code, use of to_utf8_case()
This function has been removed as of Perl 5.28; instead convert to call the appropriate one of: toFOLD_utf8_safe. toLOWER_utf8_safe, toTITLE_utf8_safe, or toUPPER_utf8_safe.
Perl 5.26
--libpods in Pod::Html
Since Perl 5.18, the option --libpods has been deprecated, and using this option did not do anything other than producing a warning.
The --libpods option is no longer recognized as of Perl 5.26.
The utilities c2ph and pstruct
These old, perl3-era utilities have been deprecated in favour of h2xs for a long time. As of Perl 5.26, they have been removed.
Trapping $SIG {__DIE__} other than during program exit.
Perl never issued a deprecation warning for this; the deprecation was by documentation policy only. But this deprecation has been lifted as of Perl 5.26.
Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked against was.
Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became fatal in Perl 5.26.
Perl 5.24
Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE}
The use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} was deprecated in Perl 5.8. The intention was to use *glob{IO} instead, for which *glob{FILEHANDLE} is an alias.
However, this feature was undeprecated in Perl 5.24.
Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated
The following functions in


text:
Completely out of scope of openkore documentation. _URL_
What are modules
In this context, modules are Perl libraries. Some openkore features or plugins require modules from CPAN which are not bundled with openkore.
Linux and OS X
Your system repositories
The following naming scheme is used in Debian: module
File::Slurp is in package
cpan File::Slurp to download and install the specified module.
Active Perl offers a program to download and install modules with a user friendly interface, called Perl Packet Manager (PPM), and a different mirror. The service is paid.
How to install modules using the PPM:
- Open Perl Package Manager (Start -> Run -> 'ppm')
- In the graphical interface that appears, search for the modules using the text field above and select the modules you want to install or upgrade
- After mark modules, click the green arrow to start the download and installation
The Strawberry offers a console program to download and install modules directly from the official repository, CPAN. The service is free.
How to install modules using the Strawberry:
- After installing Strawberry, open the CPAN Client (In Windows Vista and later, just search on the start menu by CPAN)
- In the console, use the following command to install modules:
- install
Note: If the module has - in its name, substitute to ::. For example: Protocol-WebSocket should be typed Protocol::WebSocket


text:
The Conflict Dynamics Profile (CDP), an assessment instrument measuring conflict behaviors, is an excellent resource to increase self-awareness and improve conflict management skills. The CDP is unlike any other assessment tool in that it focuses specifically on conflict behaviors, rather than styles. It helps individuals and teams understand how they respond to conflict, what triggers can escalate conflict, and how to manage conflict more effectively.
Two versions of the instrument—the CDP-Individual (CDP-I) and CDP-360— emphasize an action-oriented approach which leads to real improvement. A thorough Development Guide provides information and tips for coping with conflict and building strong interpersonal relationships.
As a "self-report," the (CDP-I) looks at how you view yourself. It provides a simple way of helping you understand more about how you respond to conflict both behaviorally and emotionally.
The CDP-360 enables you to compare your own perceptions about how you behave during conflict with those of your colleagues. It provides a complete "conflict profile" with feedback from bosses, peers, and direct reports. The CDP-360 is particularly helpful for leaders, managers, and high-potential employees for whom conflict can be particularly challenging.
In addition to feedback on 15 scales, both versions of the CDP have a unique "hot buttons" section which identifies the emotional triggers that negatively impact relationships.
- Quick and easy administration
- Inexpensive pricing
- Behavioral feedback which is easy to understand
- Information on emotional aspects of conflict
- Abbreviated Development Guide
- Group reports for intact teams
- In-depth view of conflict behaviors
- Detailed analysis of the 15 scales
- Perceptions of colleagues
- Comprehensive Development Guide
- Concrete suggestions for improving behavior patterns
- Group reports for intact teams
Using the CDP
Since the topic of conflict is so universal, there are numerous ways to use the CDP. From leadership development training with individuals and teams to coaching settings with high-potential managers, the CDP can identify both strengths as well as problem areas.
The CDP is an excellent tool to explore how conflict is being managed in an organization. The language of the instrument provides an excellent starting point for how to describe and measure a desired approach to workplace conflict. By learning these new components as part of an orientation session, new employees can adjust their personal behavior to match up with the cultural norms of the organization.
The CDP is particularly helpful in team settings. In addition to each individual report, a group report can be generated that outlines team behaviors and responses. This report often opens up the door for effective conversations about acceptable responses to conflict and hot button triggers. Members of the team learn how certain behaviors might inadvertently trigger irritation in their colleagues as well as how to avoid pushing these hot buttons.
When a client is sensitive to feedback from others or reluctant to use a multi-rater instrument, the CDP can still be used to focus on conflict patterns. The CDP helps the client consider his or her responses to conflict and provides comparisons to a large norm group. It can be a helpful first step in diagnosing areas of strength and developmental opportunities.
Constructive Behavioral Scales:
- Perspective Taking – Putting yourself in the other person's position and trying to understand that person's point of view.
- Creating Solutions – Brainstorming with the other person, asking questions, and trying to create solutions to the problem.
- Expressing Emotions – Talking honestly with the other person and expressing your thoughts and feelings.
- Reaching Out – Reaching out to the other person, making the first move, and trying to make amends.
- Reflective Thinking – Analyzing the situation, weighing the pros and cons, and thinking about the best response.
- Delay Responding – Waiting things out, letting matters settle down, or taking a "time out" when emotions are running high.
- Adapting – Staying flexible, and trying to make the best of the situation.
Destructive Behavioral Scales:
- Winning at All Costs – Arguing vigorously for your own position and trying to win at all costs.
- Displaying Anger – Expressing anger, raising your voice, and using harsh, angry words.
- Demeaning Others – Laughing at the other person, ridiculing the other's ideas, and using sarcasm.
- Retaliating – Obstructing the other person, retaliating against the other, and trying to get revenge.
- Avoiding – Avoiding or ignoring the other person, and acting distant and aloof.
- Yielding – Giving in to the other person in order to avoid further conflict.
- Hiding Emotions – Concealing your true emotions even though feeling upset.
- Self-Criticizing – Replaying the incident over in your mind, and criticizing yourself for not handling it better.
Hot Button Scales:
- Unreliable – Those who are unreliable, miss deadlines and cannot be counted on.
- Overly-Analytical – Those who are perfectionists, over-analyze things and focus too much on minor issues.
- Unappreciative – Those who fail to give credit to others or seldom praise good performance.
- Aloof – Those who isolate themselves, do not seek input from others or are hard to approach.
- Micro-Managing – Those who constantly monitor and check up on the work of others.
- Self-Centered – Those who are self-centered or believe they are always correct.
- Abrasive – Those who are arrogant, sarcastic and abrasive.
- Untrustworthy – Those who exploit others, take undeserved credit or cannot be trusted.
- Hostile – Those who lose their tempers, become angry, or yell at others.
The CDP-I report contains graphs measuring constructive behaviors, destructive behaviors, and hot buttons. It is accompanied by a 40-page Development Guide which gives suggestions for improving behaviors and cooling hot buttons.
The CDP-360 report is much more comprehensive. In addition to containing graphs measuring constructive behaviors, destructive behaviors, and hot buttons, it also has narrative comments from other raters, measures of the organizational importance of various conflict behaviors, and indications of how the individual is viewed during different stages of conflict. Accompanying the CDP-360 report is a 115-page Development Guide with suggestions for development, recommended resources, and guidelines for successful action planning.


What are the Bent Pushrod Symptoms
Pushrods are used in overhead valve engines, and their main function is to transmit the reciprocating motion that allows the internal combustion engine to work optimally. A cam usually actuates pushrods for the opening and closing of an internal combustion engine. This article will outline bent pushrod symptoms. If you have a car that uses an overhead valve engine, you're most likely to encounter bent pushrod issues at least once. That's why this article tends to outline bent pushrod causes and symptoms.
A pushrod is a cylindrical rod in an overhead valve engine operated by a camshaft that opens and closes valves. Both ends of a pushrod have openings that help in sending and receiving oil to the rocker arms. The rocker arm is another component that plays a vital role in internal combustion engines. Rocker arms work hand in hand with the pushrods.
Bent Pushrod Symptoms
Symptoms of bent pushrod might not be noticeable at first, but if you know what to look out for, you won't have issues diagnosing a bent pushrod. Several symptoms pinpoint a bent pushrod. However, most of these symptoms can also be caused by other faulty in your engine system. In regards to this, you should know how to tell if a Pushrod is bad or bent.
Bad Rocker arms, bad hydraulic lifters will give the same sound as a bent pushrod.
Engine Misfire: A bent pushrod will cause your cylinders not to function well. Suppose you notice that one or more of your cylinders is not working well. A misfiring cylinder indicates that either your fuel injectors, plug coil, or spark plugs on the said cylinder are bad. A bent pushrod can also be the cause. If you suspect that your pushrod is bad, you can do a visual inspection.
Ticking sound inside the Engine: Several things can cause an engine knocking or ticking sound inside your engine while idling or accelerating your car. Something like stiff hydraulic lifters, worn-out rocker arms, bent coin rod, broken piston, failing, or bad oil pump will cause a knocking sound in your engine. You might ask, what does a bent pushrod sound like? Bent pushrod can cause a ticking sound as well; however, before it gets to this stage, it means that your pushrod is long gone.
Low Compression Test: Engine Compression is referred to the meeting of air and fuel in the engine cylinders. This process is required for the smooth running of your engine. If any problem occurs along this process, you'll experience issues like a misfire when turning on your engine, rough idling, or poor performance while idling or driving your cab.
As explained above, pushrods help in the opening and closing of the valves. If the pushrod gets bent, it'll not freely slide up and down, thereby causing a delay in the valves' opening and closing.
NoteMany other factors could cause a low Compression test in your engine. You might experience a low Compression on one or all the cylinders.
You have to know how to inspect your pushrod to see whether they are bent visually.
To do a visual inspection, you need a quality mechanic tools box handy. Open your bonnet, disconnect your throttle cable if it's blocking you. Take off any wires that are blocking your way. Unbolt the fittings holding your valve cover. Hold the pushrod with your fingers and play it; it should play freely – not too loose. If it's hard to play, or it looks like there's much gap, take your wrench socket and unbolt the bolt holding it with the rocker arm. You don't necessarily have to take it off. You can shift the rocker arms.
You might not be able to detect all bent pushrod by merely looking at it or playing it. To easily detect any bent pushrod, get a flat piece of plywood or, preferably, a piece of glass and roll the pushrod on it. You'll see it. Bent pushrod will not roll freely on the glass.
How to Tell If You Have a Bent Push Rod! YouTube
What causes a bent pushrod?
What causes a bent pushrod in a diesel or petrol engine? Several factors can attribute to a bent pushrod. Sticking hydraulic lifters with a distinct gap in-between the rod and lifter can cause a bent pushrod. Other causes include loosening valve guide thimbles (in small engines), stud or rocker ball wear. When there is an excessive stud or rocker arm ball wear, it'll cause the rocker arm to slide sideways, as a result, leads to a bent pushrod.
How much does it cost to fix a bent pushrod?
It takes roughly 5-7 hours to replace a bent pushrod. Most dealerships charge $80 on average for an hour of service. So, repairing your bent pushrod will cause roughly $400 – $560. However, you should budget a higher amount. This price is an estimated service fee.
Can you straighten a bent pushrod rod?
Yes, you can straighten a bent pushrod. Grab your bent pushrod and place it on your vice or a cement driveway and straighten it with a hammer. I recommend getting a new one. You can straighten the old pushrod only if you don't have some cash to replace them.
The bigger challenge is knowing what bends your pushrod and fixing it at the same time. If not, it may cause a bigger problem.
Can you drive a car with a bent pushrod?
You can drive with a slight bent pushrod. Bent Pushrod will only cause your car to reduce power, have a ticking sound, and fail compression test. However, it is recommended to diagnose and replace bent pushrod once you notice any of these symptoms.
Final Words
We have discussed bent pushrod symptoms at length. It's important to know that there are factors that can prevent sticking sounds in your engine. As we know, these sticking sounds indicate a worn-out valve or bent pushrod. A frequent oil change with recommended oil grade for your engine will help reduce the number of studs and sludge in your engine. A sludge-free engine will allow for good sliding of your pushrods.
Read more:
Osuagwu Solomon
Recent Posts


text:
Scientists develop pill to lower blood alcohol content and reduce liver damage
- From: News Limited Network
- February 17, 2013
SCIENTISTS have developed a pill that could lower blood alcohol content (BAC) and reduce liver damage.
A US study on mice was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology today.
During the study researchers intoxicated mice with alcohol, and then fed them enzymes encapsulated in a thin polymer shell.
They found that the BAC of the mice given the antidote reduced by 10.1 per cent at 45 minutes post feeding.
The BAC continued to drop by 31.8 per cent at 90 minutes and 36.8 per cent at three hours.
The control group, who did not consume the antidote, had much smaller declines in BAC.
Researchers said the pill could provide a method for preventing liver injury arising from the overconsumption of alcohol.
Authors said while, various antidotes have been developed for drug overdoses, such antidotes may not be sufficient to treat alcohol intoxication.
POLICE have defended how an alleged driver of a stolen car involved in a fatal crash could walk free from hospital despite being wanted for other matters.
A MAN allegedly bashed by police in the basement of the Surfers Paradise police station has launched legal action against the state of Queensland.
JILTED wife tried to "choke" her sporting husband's pregnant lover and threatened to "shred" her - but successfully argued she was provoked by wild texts.
EXCLUSIVE PARAMEDICS say lives at risk due to protocol that assigns jobs 30 minutes after units arrive at a hospital - whether they're ready or not.


text:
Dateline: August, 2011, Issue 3
How does a juror's social status affect participation in deliberations?
Jurors with higher occupational statuses, higher levels of education, and higher incomes have higher social status. Social status disparities affect our communication activities and social behaviors, including jurors' behavior on juries.
York (2006) interviewed jurors post-verdict in Boston and found higher levels of participation in deliberations among upper class jurors.
Cornwell and Hans (2009) studied 2,306 criminal jurors who served on 311 juries. A juror's social class predicted the juror's participation in deliberations. Jurors with a college degree participated significantly more than those not having a college degree. Independently, jurors with higher incomes participated more in deliberations than those with lower incomes.
Absent consideration of social status, a juror's gender did not predict the juror's participation in deliberations. Men did not participate more in deliberations than women. Both men and women of higher social status participated more in deliberations, and men and women of lower social status participated less.
Jury decision-making reflects social status disparities. Jurors with higher social status -- higher occupational statuses, higher levels of education, and higher incomes -- typically participate more in deliberations than their lower status counterparts.
Source York,E. (2006). Social status in jury deliberations: 1957 and today, in memory of Fred Strodtbeck. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, Quebec.
Source Cornwell, E.Y. & Hans, V. P. (2009, July 30). Contextualizing Jury Participation: Case-, Jury-, and Juror-Level Predictors of Participation in Jury Deliberations. Paper presented at the. CELS 2009 4th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies.


Zonear is building a system called boilerbuild. It builds, optimizes and deploys HTML5 apps with ease. Website optimization is something every web developer needs to do. However, this can be a time-consuming and error-prone process if and when deployed manually. BoilerBuild enables developers to remotely test, build, optimize and deploy their HTML5 apps with just one click!


text: Yeast systems have been a staple for producing large amounts of proteins for industrial and biopharmaceutical use for many years. Yeast can be grown to very high cell mass densities in well-defined medium. Recombinant proteins in yeast can be over-expressed so the product is secreted from the cell and available for recovery in the fermentation solution. Proteins secreted by yeasts are heavily glycosylated at consensus glycosylation sites. Thus, expression of recombinant proteins in yeast systems historically has been confined to proteins where post-translations glycosylation patterns do not affect the function of proteins. Several yeast expression systems are used for recombinant protein expression, including Sacharomyces, Scizosacchromyces pombe, Pichia pastoris and Hansanuela polymorpha.


text:
- What is the definition of fuel line?
- How do you pronunciate fuel line?
- What are the antonyms for fuel line?
- What are the holonyms for fuel line?
- What are the hypernyms for fuel line?
- What are the hyponyms for fuel line?
- What are the meronyms for fuel line?
- What are the synonyms for fuel line?
- What are words that sound like fuel line?
- What does fuel line look like?
- What does Twitter say about fuel line?
Sounds like fuel linefallen fall in feline Fellini felon felony filename file in file name fill-in fill in film filmy filum flame flamen Flaminian Way flan flume fly on folium follow-on foul line fuel line Fulani full moon
Definitions for fuel line
Pronounciation of fuel line
Synonyms for fuel linegas line petrol line
Antonyms for fuel line
No antonyms found for fuel line.
Holonyms for fuel line
No holonyms found for fuel line.
Hyponyms for fuel line
No hyponyms found for fuel line.
Hypernyms for fuel linepipe pipage piping
Meronyms for fuel line
No meronyms found for fuel line.


mount kilimanjaro: africa
Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa and the tallest free standing mountain in the world. Reaching a height of 19,340 feet (5,895 m), it is one of the largest stratovolcanoes in the world.
Mount Kilimanjaro is a composite volcano that is comprised of layers of lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. It is currently inactive with no known history of eruptions. There are seven distinctive peaks on the mountain with Uhuru Peak accounting for the highest elevation and true summit of the mountain.
quick facts
 - Summit is at 19,340 feet (5,895 m)
 - Tallest mountain in Africa
 - Tallest free-standing mountain in the world
Mount Kilimanjaro features a year-round snow-topped peak. The mountain has at least six different ecological zones including Montane forests, bushland, rainweald, heath and moorland, highland barrens, and ice cap. The area is protected by Mount Kilimanjaro National Park with trekkers having seven official different routes to ascend to the summit.
visitor tips


text:
a default (first) wallet.
- Follow the steps Vigvam suggests: unlock the Ledger device, open the Ethereum app, or install it if you haven't done it yet.
- After completing the scanning procedure, you will be suggested to confirm what exact wallets should be added.
- You can change the wallet name here.
- Click the Continue button to finish.
- Now, you can use this wallet as well as others.
- There is always a notation that it is a wallet from Ledger in its name.
- Every time you need to sign a transaction, Vigvam will also show a window to connect the device and send a signature request to it.
Optional testing: Social Auth
- You can also create wallets using one of the following Social Auth ways: Google, Twitter, Facebook, or Reddit.
- This is an experimental feature that is not working in Firefox yet.
- Click on the social network and select the account you will use to create a wallet.
The Vigvam Testing flow: interactions with dApps.
We prepared two video tutorials on how to interact with Uniswap on Avalanche and Ethereum testnets and _URL_ on the Polygon testnet. You may conduct the same steps or create your own testing flow with these dapps. Don't forget to share your experience in our form.
How to connect and work with Uniswap and Pangolin via Vigvam
How to connect and work with Zk.link via Vigvam


text:
Cha Zhang, Dinei Florencio, and Charles Loop
Compressing attributes on 3D point clouds such as colors or normal directions has been a challenging problem, since these attribute signals are unstructured. In this paper, we propose to compress such attributes with graph transform. We construct graphs on small neighborhoods of the point cloud by connecting nearby points, and treat the attributes as signals over the graph. The graph transform, which is equivalent to Kahunen-Loeve Transform on such graphs, is then adopted to decorrelate the signal. Experimental results on a number of point clouds representing human upper bodies demonstrate that our method is much more efficient than traditional schemes such as octree-based methods.
|Publisher||IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|
© IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.


text:
The tempos project
TEMPOS is a tripod, with two pieces of next-generation equipment devoted to excellence in TEM (CHROMATEM and NANOMAX), and a third pole to back up the development of other local nanoscience activities (NANOTEM). NANOMAX and CHROMATEM will push forward the limits in the study of individual nano-objects and nanomaterials, from their growth to the most local measurement of their physical properties, with innovative instrumentation. NANOTEM, in addition to providing support to the whole nanoscience community on the Campus will permit the necessary preliminary studies required by the other two microscopes. The objects of study of the TEMPOS project are innovative materials, nanostructures and architectures, including spintronics and oxitronics devices, metamaterials, semiconducting nanowires and quantum emitters, carbon nanotubes, functional oxides.


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The Grand Renaissance Dam – Ethiopia's greatest risk25 February 2013
As Ethiopia powers ahead with its Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, experts and NGOs are warning about the environmental and geopolitical backlash it may trigger. Heidi Vella asks the question: should Ethiopia give up on Africa's biggest dam before it's too late?
These people live near Lake Turkana, Kenya. Ethiopian dams could dry up the lake
In April 2011 Ethiopia unveiled its intention to build a $5bn hydroelectric dam by 2015, proudly named Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), on its share of the Blue Nile. Once completed, it will be the biggest hydroelectric dam in Africa. The government hopes GERD, along with other hydroelectric projects, such as Gibe III on Lake Turkana, will boost Ethiopia's economy by enabling it to export energy all throughout Africa.
Since construction began in 2011, very little information has been released about GERD. While the government continues to keep its plans close to its chest, what have surfaced, however, are concerns from environmentalists and experts about the long-term repercussions of GERD, both political and environmental, as well as concerns that Ethiopia will be over-reliant on weather-dependent hydro as a power source.
What we know about Ethiopia's Renaissance Dam
A legacy of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, who died in August 2012, GERD it is set to be 145m tall and 1,800m (5,906ft) long, with a reservoir of 63 billion cubic metres (bcm), which is almost 1.3 times the annual flow of the Blue Nile (49 billion m³/year). It is located in Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State, about 40km from the border with Sudan.
The government is funding the project by selling bonds to Ethiopians and international buyers - in April last year it was announced that the government of Djibouti had bought the largest amount of bonds by a foreign buyer.
Italian construction company Salini has been awarded a $4.8bn contract to build the dam and Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation contracted the military-run Metals & Engineering Corporation (METEC) to build the electro-mechanical works. They in turn contracted Alstom in January 2012 to supply turbines and generators for the project for 250 million euros ($333m). They will begin work on at the end of 2013.
There were reports at the end of last year that the dam was 14% complete, but in terms of construction, little has been officially released. It's this lack of transparency in regards to planning and progress that is unnerving NGOs and neighbouring countries.
It's what isn't known that is the problem
"There has been huge secrecy on this project and that's a problem when you are building Africa's biggest dam on the most important shared river in that part of the world," says Lori Pottinger, communications and Africa programme representative, at International Rivers (IR), a non-governmental organization (NGO) that has released a report about the potential environmental repercussions of the dam.
The report authors ascertained by chatting with workers and locals that, as of April 2012, house-to-house surveys on local communities had been conducted by the government for resettlement purposes, construction of worker-camp facilities were complete, mobilisation of construction materials had been started and access-road construction, clearing sites around the dam site, worker camps and access areas had all been completed.
The IR report, however, is more concerned with the lack of evidence of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) focusing on upstream and down stream areas affected by this specific dam - it estimates the dam could affect 200km of the river course.
It's also interested in the estimated 5,000 people being resettled from the area, with additional people being resettled from nearby villages, and the long-term viability of a dam this size when you factor in climate change.
Is Ethiopia trying to grab back the Nile?
Egypt has voiced their concerns about the dam before, but has understandably been preoccupied with the Arab Spring to do take them any further. However, it is also thought upcoming elections in Egypt could change the focus back on the dam in the future.
The Blue Nile is the lifeblood of Egypt and its people and critics fear the dam could significantly reduce water flow to the country.
Gordon Dam, in Tasmania, Australia, is another huge hydro dam
"Cairo fears that once the dam is completed... it will take two to three years, depending on rainfall, to fill up the 67 billion cubic metre reservoir, which could reduce the amount of water that flows into Egypt by 25%. After the reservoir fills up, there is no guarantee that Egypt will maintain its present share of the water," US global security consultancy Stratfor told the media recently.
There are fears GERD may be a tool for Ethiopia to claim back the Nile after 90% of its flow was given priority to Sudan and Egypt in an agreement dating back to the 1920s. Pottinger says: "Ethiopia has been using this dam as a way to assert more control over the Nile -- there is good reason Ethiopia is upset about the allocation of Nile waters, but we question whether this unilateral move is the best way to reduce conflict over the Nile."
Dangers of climate change
Besides the concern that GERD could stoke geopolitical fires with its neighbouring countries, there is a big unknown about how climate change could impact GERD in the future. Would Ethiopia's best bet be to instead pursuer other forms of renewable energy, such as geothermal and solar power?
"Climate change is such a big unknown. We do know that Ethiopia is already seeing longer droughts and worse floods. It's very unpredictable and it can be very dangerous," says Pottinger.
Climate change is making it harder for experts to assess what movement a river will have in the future, because it is hard to predict the rain flow. No one knows if GERD, or any of the other many hydro projects Ethiopia is planning, are designed with contingency plans for heavy flooding or long periods of drought.
Ethiopia is aware of the risks of over-dependence on hydropower. Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation's Mulugeta Asaye told the Guardian recently: "The rainfall in Ethiopia varies considerably from year to year, therefore an overdependence on hydropower makes the energy supply very unstable."
Ethiopia is considering geothermal, which is not affected by'seasonal changes' in water availability, according to Professor Paul L Younger FREng, from the University of Glasgow, who is currently working on several geothermal projects in Ethiopia.
Younger says: "Geothermal is more compatible with local community development than large-scale hydro. But that doesn't mean large-scale hydro should not be pursued: if a majority of Ethiopians are to have access to clean, affordable energy, we will need both, and more besides."
That said, Pottinger points out that neighbouring Kenya is moving away from hydropower to geothermal, saying they can no longer rely on hydropower.
She adds: "They have so many other ways to get electricity in Ethiopia and regionally - for example, microhydro, solar, geothermal and wind. 80% of Ethiopians don't have electricity and are nowhere near the electric grid."
For better or worse - GERD is part of national pride
Considering the different factors GERD presents - environmental risks, potential for political antagonism and its somewhat patchy financing - plus the availability of other renewable energy sources that Ethiopia has outside funding for (in late January, the Development Bank of Ethiopia announced it will offer an initial $20m to kickstart geothermal energy projects in the country's private sector), it's a wonder Ethiopia's Government hasn't bowed to pressure and scrapped the project altogether.
However, GERD appears to be just as much about national pride and sovereignty over the Blue Nile as it is about energy - though 85% of Ethiopia needs electricity the government has already outlined plans to export electricity to Sudan, Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula.
There are blogs written in favour of the project and videos to be found on the internet exuding this sense of national pride and amazement, but it's very hard to distinguish if this is genuine or government propaganda.
What the people of Ethiopia, especially those living near the project site, really think remains largely unknown as NGOs and journalist aren't allowed to work in the country. Equally, no one knows what the true consequences or triumph of the GERD will be until, and indeed if, it is finished - the only certainty is that, for now, the government will strive ahead with the project regardless, as a matter of national honour.
Google's $200m equity stake in the Spinning Spur Wind Project in Texas, US, brings the company's total committed investment in renewable energy to more than $1bn.
Water-based solar energy concepts such as SUNDy and Hydrélio demonstrate how third generation solar panels are more economical and versatile than previous designs and can tap into the solar potential of the world's seas.


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The three apps in Apple's iWork for iPad collection, Pages, Keynote, and Numbers, received updates today. Common to all three is the following:
- Wireless printing with AirPrint using iOS 4.2, including page range selection, number of copies, and duplex printing.
- Support for iOS 4.2 multitasking.
- Localized in Portuguese, Danish, Finnish, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Swedish, and Traditional Chinese.
- Improved reliability when importing iWork '09 and Microsoft Office documents and spreadsheets.
- Improved usability.
- Fixed issues when using a WebDAV server, including signing out when a server is no longer accessible, saving port numbers in server addresses, and saving files with invalid characters in their names.
- Improved PDF export using iOS 4.2, which resolves an issue with missing fonts on Windows.
In addition, Pages has automatic pagination of tables that cross a page break. Numbers received print preview to adjust how a sheet prints across multiple pages, including Auto Fit, and PDF export takes advantage of pagination settings from print preview. Lastly, Keynote has an enhanced presenter display that shows the current slide, the next slide, or your notes when connected to an external display, and the ability to import existing and add new presenter notes to slides.
These are significant updates to the trio, particularly AirPrint wireless printing and support for iOS 4.2 multitasking. If you get a chance to try them out, let us know what you think!


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Menu driven interfaces are a huge hit among the users and it actually is a old technology technique, but it well suites around the era and it continuously have to exist, if we go by many windows application and web application, there are many different types of menu driven interfaces are present and those interfaces not only help to provide the sufficient information but also help the user to act on it and perform any actions, it would also be a good idea not just to take action based on these interface but also learn the points mentioned in the menu driven interfaces.
The menu selection strategy of dialogue design presents a list of alternatives or options to the user. The system user selects the desired alternative or option by keying in the number or letter that is associated with that option. (SOE)
More sophisticated technology allows menu selection by touching the screen, or selecting menu options with a pen, mouse, cursor keys, or other pointing devices. (SOE)
The dialogue strategies used by menu driven interfaces are as follows:
1. Open Dialog
2. Pop Up Dialog
3. Vertical Dialog
4. Horizontal Dialog
5. Cross Dialog
The above strategies imply the best use of dialog strategies among the user interface design structure and it actually contains the maximum possible information. It would be a good idea not to just drive the menu culture ahead but to give him sufficient information on this topic.
So, when a user wants to open some file, we can show him Open Dialogue to get the file and select it, we can have several option with this such as user can open single or multiple files. This way user has easy access to his machine to open and save files even, otherwise he have to go back to machine from software and do the action, which never seems to be a good option. This is why the dialogue option provides us with good opportunities and helps us to drive the interface design with the help of menu driven interfaces.
The advantages associated with menu driven interfaces are as follows:
1. Extremely easy to use. Someone who has never seen the interface before can work out what to do. (Teach ICT)
2. There are no commands to learn or remember. (Teach ICT)
3. Step-by-step options are given so that the user doesn't have to remember anything. (Teach ICT)
4. Even if you don't know what to do, you can usually guess your way round the options.
5. Menu interfaces don't have to be visual, they can be spoken - good for telephones or for visually impaired people.
6. They don't need huge amounts of processing power or memory. (Teach ICT)
7. It is fairly easy for the software programmer to create the same menus in different languages. (Teach ICT)
As, we can see there are lots of advantages on the menu driven system interface design, and it helps the users in many terms whether it is the easy selection from the group of list, for some menu or the selection or search of some activity on the menu interface design.
Still, there are many disadvantages for the system design as well, which I also want you to focus on, which will not only help you understand more about on this topic but also let you gather the best possible information on the topic.
The disadvantages of menu driven interfaces are as follows:
1. A poorly designed menu interface may be slow to use. (Teach ICT)
2. It can be irritating if there are too many menu screens to work through - users get annoyed or bored if it takes too long. (Teach ICT)
3. You often can't go to the exact place you want right at the start. You have to work your way through the menu screens even if you know where you want to get to. (Teach ICT)
4. The menu can take up a large part of the screen so you have to keep flicking back and forwards between applications. (Teach ICT)
5. If the menu is poorly designed it might be hard to read e.g. writing is too small for people with poor sight, colors might clash and be difficult to read, font style might be hard to read. (Teach ICT)
So, you can easily see, the choice of menu interfaces derives the strength of applications in the market, and it will continuously being increases because of the advancement in new designs which are much more interactive to the users.
Three strategies which will help menu driven interfaces more appealing are as follows:
1. Always provides search options, to search any menu present in the group of menu, it would help the user if there is any sub menu which he is not able to fine, he can easily search down and then find it, such as present under MS Visio.
2. Always provide help under menu sections, which user can take to get the information quickly which he is missing while looking into the menus, user might not be able to figure out everything in one go but as soon as he learns the system he can start with the activities. (Teach ICT)
3. Put smart and interactive icons before the menu options which will help recognize the activity being done by the menu, and it may also help to recognize the people who will not be able to see properly, the can easily recognize the image.
This way the menu driven interfaces are very popular and can easily help the users from different world with different aspects of looking into the system with best of their knowledge.
As with every option we will have different options available as such for its alternatives, which helps us to figure out the best from those alternatives and select them, it would not only help them to achieve the best results based on the comparison but also helps them to create more and more awareness among the users. There are many alternatives present to the menu driven options such as,
1. Vertical list of displaying information and making them hyperlinks.
2. Creating a list of values and putting links over them to navigate from one option to another.
3. On Web, it would be easy navigation menu instead of menu driven menus.
4. Navigation menus have a list of ways to do it, in which it would be a vertical navigation menu or a horizontal navigation menu. (Jeff)
Some vendors have also started providing menu driven interfaces and help the customers to do their activities fast and quick, as part of a bid to make their services more attractive to end-users, vendors have started to offer menu-driven interfaces as an alternative to the complex command protocols. Designed explicitly with the novice in mind, the menus guide the end-user with prompts through the process of selecting a database and defining the terms of a search. While command-language systems confront users with a blank screen awaiting an input, menus simplify the whole procedure by making it highly interactive.


Fig Leaf Extract to Accelerate Wound Healing
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Illustration: Liputan 6
Injury is an abnormal damage to the skin cells followed by disruption of normal tissue structure and function as a result of bruising, swelling, tearing, or abrasions. Wounds in the oral cavity occur when a tooth is extracted, gingivectomy or flap surgery (wound excision) was done. Innovations on the use of herbal or traditional medicines are done a lot because they are easier to obtain, economical, and have low side effects.
Recently, a lot of research have been done to plants used as medicines to accelerate wound healing. One of the medicinal plants that can be utilized is fig leaf ( Ficus carica Linn.). The fig tree is widely cultivated in Indonesia, especially in East Java. Fig leaves contain flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. These compounds in tin leaves are known to have biological activity as antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial.
The wound healing process consists of several phases, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase. This study looked at the number of macrophages, fibroblasts and collagen in the wound healing process on day 3 and day 7, wound healing process is still in the inflammatory and proliferation phase. Macrophages have an important role in wound healing, and have the ability to produce factors stimulating angiogenesis and fibroplasias.
Fibroblast cells are the most common cells found in connective tissue and synthesize several extracellular matrix (collagen) components.
This study used lab mice, divided into control groups that were not given tin leaf extract and treatment groups were given tin leaf extract. The experimental animals were incised and not given tin leaf extracts, observed on day 3 and 7 as a control group. The other group were incised with tin leaf extract, and were observed on day 3 and 7 as a treatment group. Tin leaf extract was done once every day. Before an incision was made, the animal was injected with a combination of ketamine HCl and diazepam. All incision wounds in experimental animals were covered with wound plaster (hypafix) to prevent infection and contamination.
The tissue is removed and put in a hygienic tube of 10% formalin buffer solution, the tissue is put in liquid paraffin for 2 × 24 hours. Paraffin blocks were cut by rotary microtome with a thickness of 4 µm. Haematoxylin eosin (HE) staining is done on the tissue to count the number of fibroblasts and macrophages. Staining using Masson's Trichome (MT) was performed to observe the thickness of collagen.
The administration of tin leaf extract to incision wounds increases the number of macrophage and fibroblast cells. It indicates an acceleration of macrophage activation and infiltration in the injured tissue and accelerates the inflammatory phase. In addition to macrophage cells, there was also an increase in fibroblast cell proliferation due to release and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages thereby accelerating wound healing. The extract contains various active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins which have anti-inflammatory activity. (*)
Author : Intan Nirwana
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In the recent hit-and-run death of a Lawrence resident, the suspect was charged with two felonies: leaving the scene of an accident involving the death of a person and failure to report an accident. What are the possible punishments for these crimes?
Both offenses are considered severity level 9 "person" offenses by Kansas statute, and both carry possible prison sentences of 11 to 13 months. However, both are also classified as "presumptive probation" offenses by the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines grid, meaning that a judge could sentence an offender to either prison or probation.
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Company Name:- American Express
Company Website:- _URL_
Experience:- Freshers
Salary:– Not Mentioned
Qualification:- B.E/B.Tech/MCA
Job Role:- Management Trainee/Intern
Skills:- Communication Skills
JOB Location:- Bangalore/Gurugram
Job Type:- Apply
Last Date To Apply:- ASAP
Management Trainee Description:
Solve complex business problems, leveraging leading technologies like SAS, Big Data, Hadoop, Java, Hive, Pig, Python, SQL
Create innovative solutions to help American Express grow and drive revenue
Build capabilities that enable American Express to leverage its closed loop data for purposes of insight generation, business decision making and business intelligence
Implement advanced algorithms on Big data and other platforms that enable more efficient and real time availability of information for business use
Ensure that processes that are created and implemented have strong value proposition for the business and long lasting usefulness.
The role provided will be a part of one of the many capability job families including data automation, campaign management, business intelligence, custom consulting capabilities, etc
 - An advanced degree in Computer Science, Mathematics, Engineering or related discipline.
 - Detail orientation with strong programming, analytical and problem solving skills.
 - Solid written and oral communication skills with an ability to convey results, explain issues, drive resolution.
 - Ability to think outside the box to develop solutions to complex issues and drive results.
 - Ability to understand data, research and fix issues. Be hands on with working on large datasets.
 - Understanding of database concepts like table structures, data relationships, and data coding.
Intern Description:
The Internship Program is considered one of the key entry points for our full-time campus hires.
It is a project-based program that provides you with the opportunity to address real business challenges and offers you access to senior leaders, professional development activities, fun social events and more.
Solve complex business problems by creating innovative solutions
Analyze large amounts of data to derive business insights
 - Bachelor's Degree in computer science, computer engineering, or equivalent.
 - Ability to drive project deliverables to achieve business results.
 - Ability to work effectively in a team environment.
 - Strong communication and interpersonal skills.
 - Ability to learn quickly and work independently with complex, unstructured initiatives.
 - A flair for programming is a must.
 - Knowledge of SAS, Java, Hive, Pig, Python, SQL is a plus.
 - Knowledge of MS Office – PowerPoint, Excel.
Management Trainee Job Link
Freshers Trainee Job Link


Lead Shot vs. Steel Shot
In more and more areas, laws require waterfowl hunters to use steel shot rather than the traditional (and toxic) lead shot. But even if given the option, many hunters are confused by the distinction. In this article we hope to clear it up.
lead shot, steel shot - #4 steel and #4 lead cartridges
Steel shot (left), is slightly larger than lead shot (right).
lead shot, steel shot - geese in flight
From the standpoint of a goose encountering them as projectiles, lead shot and steel shot are about the same. But only lead shot contaminates the environment afterwards, if it fails to find its mark.
Photo by Bruce Coleman
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Reference > Brewer's Dictionary > Arras,
tapestry. So called from Arras, in Artois, famed for its manufacture. When rooms were hung with tapestry it was a common thing for persons to hide behind it, especially the arras curtain before the door. Hubert concealed the two villains who were to put out Arthur's eyes behind the arras. Polo'nius was slain by Hamlet while concealed behind the arras. Falstaff proposed to hide behind the arras at Windsor, etc. 1


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New research that features in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) discovers that a compound present in green leafy vegetables helps prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
Currently, there are no approved treatments for NAFLD, which can progress into more serious conditions, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Healthcare professionals recommend losing weight, making healthful food choices, and doing more physical activity to reduce fat in the liver.
New research, however, may pave the way for a new treatment. Scientists at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have just published a study in which they show that inorganic nitrate — a compound that occurs naturally in green leafy vegetables — can reduce the buildup of fat in the liver.
Mattias Carlström, an associate professor in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Karolinska Institutet is one of the senior researchers and corresponding authors of the study.
Inorganic nitrate is key for liver health
Carlström and colleagues studied the effects of supplementing a high-fat, high-sugar Western diet with dietary nitrate in mice.
They divided the mice into three groups and fed each of them a different diet. The control group received a normal diet, while the high-fat diet group ate the equivalent of a Western diet, and the third group received a high-fat diet with nitrate supplementation.
As expected, the mice in the high-fat diet group gained weight and fat mass, and they had raised blood sugar levels. However, all of these markers were significantly lower in the group that also received nitrate.
Carlström reports on the findings, saying, "When we supplemented with dietary nitrate to mice fed with a high-fat and sugar Western diet, we noticed a significantly lower proportion of fat in the liver."
Previous research, the investigators explain, has shown that dietary nitrate boosts cell metabolism. It has also suggested that green leafy vegetables may protect against metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes.
Scientists also know that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables has a positive effect on cardiovascular function.
"We think that these diseases are connected by similar mechanisms," Carlström hypothesizes, "where oxidative stress causes compromised nitric oxide signaling, which has a detrimental impact on cardiometabolic functions."
The researchers explain that the medical community still does not know exactly which compounds make leafy greens so healthful. "No one has yet focused on nitrate, which we think is the key," continues Carlström.
"We now want to conduct clinical studies to investigate the therapeutic value of nitrate supplementation to reduce the risk of liver steatosis. The results could lead to the development of new pharmacological and nutritional approaches."
More studies are necessary to clarify which compounds are responsible for these healthful properties and to confirm that nitrate is key for liver and metabolic health. In the meantime, the team advises people to consume more green leafy vegetables.
Those with the highest concentration of inorganic nitrate include "celery, spinach, lettuce, and rocket."
Source: Medical News Today
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