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Disease largely to blame for worsening mental illness life expectancy gap: study
By Francene Norton
The study found the overall gap in life expectancy was 15.9 years for men and 12 years for women.
Reuters: Shannon Stapleton - file image
A new study has found mental illness sufferers in Australia are dying up to 16 years earlier than the general population, with most deaths due to disease rather than accidents or suicide.
A University of Queensland team followed 300,000 people in Western Australia who were diagnosed with mental illnesses, and compared health experiences and death rates to the general population over a 20-year period.
Diagnoses included alcohol and drug disorders, schizophrenia, psychoses, neurotic disorders, depressive, and other mental health disorders.
Patients with alcohol or drug disorders had the lowest life expectancy, with a gap of more than 20 years.
Dr Steve Kisely from UQ's School of Population Health has told the ABC most deaths are due to physical causes such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, rather than suicide or accidents.
He says people with a mental illness may sometimes miss early signs of illness or have worse access to specialised treatment.
"For instance, people who have breast cancer or colon cancer diagnosed - people with a mental health problem have actually less of a chance of getting the operation than someone with the same disorder who didn't have a mental health problem," he said.
Gap widens
Dr Kisely says the gap is worse than for smokers and similar to Indigenous Australians, but receives far less attention.
"There has been a very understandable focus in terms of closing the gap of life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians," Dr Kisely said.
"But the gap for people with mental illness is even greater - people still think of increased mortality as due to suicide."
"Obviously we need to address suicide, but we're dealing with a problem that's nearly 10 times as great as suicide and there isn't nearly the same amount of attention given to it."
The study also found the differential in the gap increased by about two years between 1985 and 2005.
"Whatever we're doing, we're doing it worse, rather than better," Dr Kisely said.
Dr Kisely says closing the gap for people with mental illness requires a multi-faceted approach.
Lifestyle factors
He says lifestyle factors are an important first step.
"We know that with people with schizophrenia, about 90 per cent of them will smoke and will spend about 40 per cent of their disposable income on tobacco products," he said.
"Clearly helping people to stop smoking would be a great help."
He says the next thing is to make sure people are registered with their general practitioner and see them regularly.
"We also need to encourage family doctors to have a high index of suspicion when people with a chronic mental illness come to them with new symptoms," he said.
"Don't attribute them to their underlying mental illness, but explore more to see if it's the start of a new medical condition.
"Lastly, when a problem is recognised, ensure they get the right specialist treatment."
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Archives for the month of: November, 2012
W100xD70xH180mm, Macau
The courageous looking figurine, riding on a tiger on the right and stepping on a dragon on the left is in fact an ancestral saint of the fisherman of Hong Kong. For the Chinese both the dragon and tiger are creature of power, being able to control them would give extraordinary strength. These ancestral saint are kept and worshiped on the junk boat by the Tanka tribe for keeping safe their journey at sea.
See our other junk boat gods; Tanka Wooden EffigyJunk Boat God (god?), Junk Boat God, Crane Riding Mother Saint
W330xH430mm, China
Verre eglomise is a technique which dated back to Roman time as early as 400AD and revived in Europe in varies different centuries. The French term was attributed by the french decorator Jean-Baptise Glomy who made it popular again in the 18th Century. Verre eglomise was introduced to China from the west in the Qing dynasty, it quickly took on as a home decorative object for the wealthy and riches. By the end of the Qing dynasty it has been adapted as a popular craft form in China, so much that they were also for exports back to Europe.
W230xD230xH270mm, China
This is an octagon tea cosy, it was used as an insulator for the ceramic and metal teapot which gets cold easily. The small opening is for the spout of the teapot while the top two is for the lock of the lid which unfortunately is missing.
Here is another tea cozy made with bamboo.
L250xW70mm, China
This is a pair of embroidery shoes of the Miao tribe (for more about Miao tribe shoes, see our earlier post, Embroidery Shoes). Today I would like to concentrate on the cloth sole of the shoes which is entirely handmade. Before rubber and leather sole became popular in China, most of the soles are made with cloth, it is a common household practice, even mother remembers making shoes for herself in her childhood. Here is mom's instruction:
 1. Save up old clothes and off cuts for a year, so materials are ready for making new shoes for Chinese new year
 2. Cook up some glue with water and rice flour (the Chinese version of wall paper paste)
 3. On a flat board, applied glue to the edge of the board, then stretch the a large piece of cotton cloth, apply a layer of glue over it. On the second layer place smaller pieces of cloth, avoid any overlapping or gaps, apply a layer. On the top place a large piece of cotton, avoid creases, applied glue over it. Let dry for a night
 4. Use a newspaper to trace out the sole of the old pair of shoe, enlarge to suit. Prepare an addition one for a size larger.
 5. Cut out from the dried cloth pile 6 pieces from the larger template (large filler – LF), 7 from the smaller (small filler – SF) one and 2 smaller pieces for the heel (H). Put the pieces of the same size together, clamp them and give it a good trim so that they are the same size and shape. Reverse the template and cut out the soles for the other shoe.
 6. Take a piece from the large filler and mount a piece of cotton, wrapped the edges over to the top. This will become the bottom layer of the sole (BS), the piece that touches on the ground. Take the other 6 larger fillers and stick on a cotton piping around it.
 7. Then places the fillers in the order; BS-LF-SF-LF-H-SF-LF-SF-LF-SF-LF-H-SF-LF-SF-SF-SF. Stitch temporarily to hold them together, clamp it well and sew the edge with hemp string (you will need an awl for this). Then make uniform and small stitiches (as seen in the photo) throughout the whole of the sole.
 8. The completed sole is then brushed with warm water and covered with a blanket overnight.
 9. The next morning, the sole is compressed with a mallet and air dried.
 10. Now the sole is complete, all you need to do is the upper shoes and of course the embroidery …
W140xH140mm, Hong Kong
Its about time to write your X'mas cards, check out our newly designed cards!
W40xD50xH100mm, China
W720xH450mm, China
Something old,
something new,
something borrowed,
something blue,
and a sixpence in her shoe
Now how can we have Something Old Something New and not an item about wedding. This is part of a wedding gown for rural China, this would be the shawl for the bride. For the common folks, the bride would have wear her hair in a bun and covered with a red cloth, the clothing would be in red with similar pattern as the shawl, on the bottom she would wear a pair of simple red pants. The shawl is embroidered with patterns of blessing, quite different from the blessing of the west but a blessing nonetheless.
Fabric lovers! For the joint venture of Soil X Mountain Folkcraft, Something Old Something New, Mountain Folkcraft is holding a fabric exhibition. Hand woven fabric such as ikat,lime bean paste resist dye, wax resist dye, brocade, tie dye, discharge dye, patchwork. Also featuring are the creations by artists from Soil; Cotton Car, Denise Chan, Furze and Seung.
Come visit us!
W360xH360mm, Hong Kong
For the joint venture of Soil X Mountain Folkcraft – Something Old Something New, artist Denise Chan has created a padded bag using traditional hand woven fabric from her collection.
The padded bag is perfect for carrying ipad or netbooks.
DIA150mm, China
There is something non-Chinese about this plate, I thought. Looking up exports chinaware, it is no where to be found. Perhaps its the shape of the plate, I thought. Then I was surprised to find out, thought not a common form, the shape has been around since the Sung dynasty. Chinaware, blue and white, a common Chinese theme of flower and bird, a form that goes back 1000 years it seems that there should be nothing none Chinese about it. On further research, it seems that the form of certain pottery and metal ware were heavily influenced by the import of Persian silverware in the Tang dynasty, the polylobed shape is one of them.
Ming dynasty pottery polylobed dish
Tang dynasty polylobed silver court wine cup, Nanjing Museum
Persian silver polylobed cup of the 11th Century


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Water Released To Farmers In Klamath Basin
DATE: July 25, 2001
BACKGROUND: Interior Secretary Gale Norton announced July 24, 2001 that the federal government would release 75,000 acre feet of water from Upper Klamath Lake to farmers in the Klamath Basin Project. According to Norton, the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) has determined that the water level in the lake is higher than expected and therefore the extra water will be released as early as July 25. BOR had shut off water to the irrigation ditches earlier this spring to save the endangered sucker fish and threatened coho salmon.
TEN SECOND RESPONSE: It's nice to see the administration recognizing the importance of family farms in the scheme of the Endangered Species Act.
THIRTY SECOND RESPONSE: While the release of water may be too late for most farmers for this season, it shows that the administration recognizes the importance of the livelihood of its citizens in balance with nature. Now we need to take steps to amend the Endangered Species Act so people are considered as important as wildlife.
DISCUSSION: The amount of water to be released is about one sixth of the amount available to farmers during a normal season. Approximately 10,000 acre feet of water will be needed just to prime the canal system. (One acre foot of water covers one acre of land with water one foot deep.) Although the late release of water will not help most row crop farmers, it should provide enough moisture to livestock and wells and perhaps save alfalfa and hay crops, according to Norton.
Norton said that none of this water would make it downstream to the wildlife refuge where about 1,000 bald eagles over-winter.
by Gretchen Randall, Director of Energy & Regulatory Affairs, The National Center for Public Policy Research
Contact the author at: _PHONE_ or [email protected]
The National Center for Public Policy Research, Chicago office
3712 North Broadway - PMB 279
Chicago, IL 60613

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Killifish - Nothos Killifish
The Nothobranchius killifish come from East Africa. They are annual fish, meaning they live for around a year. This is because in the wild, their habitat consists of temporary pools. These pools are created by seasonal rains and dry up when drought comes. Thus the fish die having left behind their eggs buried in the river/lake bed. During the dry period the eggs develop and when the rain returns, filling up the pools again, the embryos hatch.
Nothobranchius cardinalis Killifish
Nothobranchius cardinalis
Nothobranchius hassoni Killifish
Nothobranchius hassoni
Because of the unpredictable weather, the fry grow fast, reaching maturity within a few weeks and reproduce. Not all survive but this does not end the population. The eggs go through several distinct stages in their growth, including resting periods called diapause. Some of these embryos will either stop for a while, or at least slow down significantly in their development. Because of this some will not be ready to hatch for some time after their siblings and in this way there are always eggs ready to hatch whenever the rains come.
Nothobranchius guentheri Killifish
Nothobranchius guentheri
Nothobranchius guentheri Killifish
Nothobranchius guentheri
The descriptions on these fish vary greatly. As a general description goes, they have slightly compressed elongated bodies with the anal fin and dorsal fins set well back and wide caudal fins with a round edging. Their coloration varies from pink, white, silver, maroon, red to orange, yellow and many other colors. The East African annual fish are thought to be one of the most beautiful fish in the world. More often than not, the colors are combined, creating beautiful coloration. Among the different varieties of killifish there is the, Guentheri from Zanzibar Island, rachovii from Mosambique and the Eggersi from Tanzania.
Nothobranchius rachovii Killifish
Nothobranchius rachovii
Nothobranchius rachovii Killifish
Nothobranchius rachovii
The Nothobranchius killifish prove to be interesting to fish hobbyists. Caring for the Nothobranchius is not all that hard but they do require a little extra attention than the common Aphyosemion Killifish species.
A minimum aquarium of 10 gallons (37.8 liters) is required for every three fish of any of these species. They prefer soft water, with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 and a water temperature of 70-80 F (21-27 C). Decorations, including live aquarium plants and rocks, set up in a way that would provide shelter when needed helps in making an ideal home for these fish.
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus Killifish
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus Killifish
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus
They are considered to be peaceful fish and can be kept with other killis as well as other fish that tolerate the same water conditions. More than one male is not advised to be kept in a 10 gallon aquarium as they tend to fight. If more than one male is to be present in the aquarium then it should be 20 gallons (75.7 liters) or more. The fish of the Nothobranchius species grow between 1.5 - 2.5 inches, depending on the specific species.
A wide variety of food is accepted, although small live food, like brine shrimp and grindal worms is much more preferred.
To identify the genders, notice that the male is the more colorful one and the female is more of a silvery colour or sometimes, with less colour and duller than the male.
To breed them, try and imitate their natural habitat the best you can. This, as in other fish species, helps encourage spawning. Using peat for substrate in the aquarium, they will breed and bury their eggs in it, as they will with mud that is used in the wild. The pair will dive in to the substrate and the male will press the female against a hard surface of the peat, in this way releasing the sperm and eggs. This process will be repeated a couple of times within a few minutes, resulting in hundreds of eggs being laid. The peat should be taken out and left to dry. Not too dry or the eggs will die, just enough to leave the peat damp. Thereafter place it an air tight package (so that it cannot get any dryer) and leave it to stand for about three months.
Nothobranchius kirki Killifish
Nothobranchius kirki
Nothobranchius rubripinnis Killifish
Nothobranchius rubripinnis
By doing this you will be mimicking the drought period in their natural habitat. It is in this dry period which the killifish eggs will develop. When the "drought" is over the aquarium in which the fry is to be raised should have peat for substrate and java moss for cover. The peat should be kept wet in the tank for a week or so and whatever fry it contains removed. The peat should again be taken out and dried for a week. Thereafter wet again for a week or so and by this manner the process should be repeated until you are positive that there are no eggs left. It takes a long time and can be a hard process. Any questions can be put to Tom on the Fishlore forum.
Killifish Care
Scientific Name: Nothobranchius sp.
Common Name: African Annual Fish
Care Level: easy to medium
Size: between 1.5 - 2.5 inches (4 - 6 cm)
pH: 6 - 6.5
Temperature: 70-80 F (21-27 C)
Origin / Habitat: Africa - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa. They live in small pools that come with the rains.
Lifespan: Most likely longer lived in aquariums, 1 - 2 years possibly longer
Temperament / Behavior: Can become territorial with males of their own species, but are usually peaceful with most other tank mates.
Tank Mates: Other similarly sized fish species that are have similar water requirements.
Diet: A variety of foods should be offered including brine shrimp and grindal worms.
Tank Size: A minimum of 10 gallons (~38 liters)
Gender: See article above. Males are usually more colorful.
Disease: Nothobranchius sp. are heavily infested with parasitic flukes in the wild, so quarantine for all new arrivals is recommended.
Fish Lore Forum: Killish Forum
References / More Info / Recommended Reading:
Photo Credit: Andreas Wretstrom
Killifish on Wikipedia
About the Authors:
Sabi and Tom


text:
According to an Associated Press story:
The church outside the northern coastal city of Piura was built in 1534 but its mud walls deteriorated over time as Spanish conquistadors abandoned the area, said archaeologist Cesar Astuhuaman of Piura University.
Historical documents discovered in an archive in Sevilla, Spain, helped Peruvian and Spanish academics discover the ruins, whose rectangular stone perimeter remains intact along with an altar, he said in a phone interview Friday.
The church was part of the first settlement established in Peru, which would become the seat of Spanish colonial power, by adventurers led by Francisco Pizarro.
Read more of the story here.


text:
B.C. Wants Greater Protection for Fresh Water: Poll
Ninety-four per cent of British Columbians say they want protection of nature, wildlife and species made a top priority in new provincial water rules, according to a poll released yesterday. Nine in ten British Columbians say fresh water is the province's most precious resource.
The McAllister Opinion Research poll, commissioned by the Vancouver Foundation and WWF-Canada, reports that nine in ten citizens, (91 per cent) say fresh water is British Columbia's most precious resource, while 86 per cent say fresh water is "extremely important" to the prosperity and quality of life in the province.
While the majority favour new rules to protect BC's freshwater ecosystems, 84 per cent are unaware the province is currently pursuing major reforms to its century-old Water Act, with next steps expected before the end of this year.
"It's time for a modern Water Act for a modern British Columbia," said Tony Maas, WWF-Canada's freshwater program director. "These poll results confirm public support for the protection of freshwater resources and we encourage the government to ensure this important legacy for the people of BC."
While a slight majority of poll respondents say today's levels of water use are sustainable, two out of three British Columbians believe the rules currently governing water use are not enough to protect against future threats to availability.
Respondents were also asked to rank priorities for water management in times of scarcity after drinking water. Protection of fish and wildlife (45 per cent) is favoured first, agriculture (38 per cent) a close second, followed by industry (9 per cent), hydro (2 per cent) and tourism (1 per cent).
"A small number of countries are leading the way by including nature's needs in water management laws. We think there's a great opportunity here for British Columbia to take the lead on water policy nationally and globally—by legally protecting water for nature," says Maas.
Maas applauds the province's commitment in its water plan to the protection of environmental flows—to ensure there is enough water in a river at all times to maintain healthy and productive ecosystems.
"This principle says nature's needs come first," explains Maas. "So when we make decisions about dividing up water use, the first share goes to the river itself."


How To Cook Frozen Pizza On A Stovetop (Without Oven)
When you think about the process of making or cooking a pizza, I am sure you are used to the idea of using an oven more than you would consider the idea of using a stovetop. Well, the answer to your wandering is yes, it is possible to cook your frozen pizza on a stovetop.
Many scenarios might force you to use a stovetop for cooking your frozen pizza. Maybe your power supply is out, and you cannot use an oven; maybe the stovetop is all you have, but you still want to enjoy your pizza, or maybe you have just decided to try something different.
The good thing is that you have come to the right place. This article will offer you insight and a guide on how you can prepare your frozen pizza on your stovetop. Hopefully, by the end of this write-up, you will be confident and comfortable to try it out.
How to cook frozen pizza on a stovetop
Before we dive into the process, some things would be essential for you to note. For you to get the best pizza crust, you need to use a non-stick pan. The reason for this is that with the non-stick pan, your frozen dough will not be caught on the pan while you are trying to cook the pizza.
This means you have reduced the chances of your pizza crust getting burnt at the end of the day. If you don't have a non-stick pan in your kitchen, then do well to oil your pan with olive oil; this also reduces any stickiness. If you have an Iron skillet pan, it is also a good option for you.
 1. Place your non-stick or iron skillet pan on your heated stovetop. Please keep the heat at medium temperature. Heat the skillet or the pan for about three minutes.
 2. Please take out your defrosted frozen pizza from the pack and place it into your non-stick pan or the iron skillet. Make sure that the crust of your pizza fits into the pan without having to force it.
 3. Cover your pan with the lid and allow to cook for 10 to 15 minutes on medium heat. It is essential to cover the pan to let the steam within cook the toppings. If the pan you are using doesn't have a lid, you can use aluminum foil paper to cover the pan.
 4. After the specified time, check your crust to be sure that it is well well cooked. If your crust has not cooked correctly, you can add three more minutes to allow it to cook.
 5. When your crust has browned and is crispy, put off the heat, close your lid and let it sit for another 3 to 5 minutes. The pan's heat will give way for your cheese to melt evenly and for the toppings to be cooked appropriately.
 6. Take off the pan from the stovetop, and put your pizza on a large plate. Allow it to cool for a minute or two, then slice it up and serve your delicious pizza.
This is a less convenient way than if you were to use the oven, so you will need to be alert. You have to continually check on the dough to ensure that it receives the right amount of heat and is not burning up.
Advantages of cooking your frozen pizza on a stovetop
 1. One of the advantages of using the stovetop for cooking your frozen pizza is adding less heat to your home. If it is winter, you might be worried that using an oven might heat your home and making it too uncomfortable to stay.
If you do not have a grill, the best way to reduce your house's chances of getting hotter is by using the stovetop for your frozen pizza. You end up with less heat around the house than if you were to use the oven.
 1. Using this method makes you save power; using an oven consumes more electricity. If you are hoping to save some electricity, then this would be the cheaper option for you.
 2. This is a faster method if you are cooking just one or two frozen pizzas. You do not have to go through all the routine of warming up your oven for a very long time. This is faster if you are short on time.
Cons of using the Stovetop
 1. This method of cooking your frozen pizza is less convenient. This is because you have to be alert and, on your toes, ensure that the temperature is okay. You have to be alert when the stove starts smoking, which might require you to reduce the heat. You have to sit and watch your food while it is cooking.
 2. Secondly, with the stovetop, you have to struggle with the uneven distribution of heat. This uneven distribution of heat can cook some parts of your frozen pizza more than other parts. You have to make sure you move your pizza around to make sure all parts are adequately cooked.
 3. There are higher chances of getting a burnt crust if you have not mastered this method. Since you cannot measure the temperature, you can have a burnt crust or a soggy crust. We all know the pizza crust is what makes the pizza enjoyable.
Final thoughts
Using a stovetop to cook your pizza might come in handy, but the truth is that it is not one of the most reliable methods to rely on. If you must use this method, it should be because you have run out of all other options.
If you are hoping to have a wonderful pizza meal, using this method for the first time might not guarantee you that. With the stovetop, you need a lot of trial and error for you to perfect this art. I am not very passionate about using the stovetop for my frozen pizza, but it can work if you badly need a way to fix yourself a meal.
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The Orphan Disease Center's JumpStart program serves to establish and progress research agendas in emerging and neglected rare diseases. The JumpStart program partners with patient groups and families to address gaps by identifying key opinion leaders and introducing new researchers to a disease. The program can help facilitate the development of animal models, establish a patient alliance or a patient registry, and organize symposia. Due to limited resources, ODC is unable to provide financial support. JumpStart primarily offers scientific advisement and network outreach.
Condition Awareness & Advocacy
Here is a list of conditions this partner raises awareness and advocacy for:
Resources & Support
Patient Worthy Posts on Rare Disease


text:
Oct. 3, 2010 Awareness of genetic testing was higher among adults in Puerto Rico compared to previous U.S. population-based studies, while use of genetic testing was lower, according to data presented at the Third AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities, held Sept. 30 to Oct 3, 2010.
Genetic tests are increasingly being offered direct-to-consumers through the Internet and other venues, providing individual access to genetic tests without the involvement or consultation of a health care provider. Researchers analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) conducted in Puerto Rico in 2009. Adults were asked whether they had heard or read about genetic tests offered by companies that analyze DNA, diet and lifestyles for potential health risks.
"This study is the first to measure awareness and use of direct-to-consumer genetic tests among adults in Puerto Rico, and to identify factors associated with awareness in this population," said Ana P. Ortiz Martinez, M.P.H., Ph.D., associate professor and researcher in the department of biostatistics and epidemiology at the University of Puerto Rico Cancer Center and Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico.
"While 56 percent of those surveyed were aware of these tests, only 4.3 percent had ever used one," said Ortiz, who led the study. "No differences were seen by age or sex, nor was a personal or family history of cancer associated with greater genetic testing awareness."
By comparison, two previous studies showed lower awareness in the United States. In 2006, only 14 percent of adults said they were aware of genetic testing, according to data from a U.S. HealthStyles national survey. Awareness increased to 29 percent in the 2007 U.S. HINTS survey.
Although causal attributions cannot be determined from these data, the greater awareness and use of genetic testing observed in Puerto Rico relative to mainland estimates coincides with greater push and availability of such tests over time. These data underscore and inform the imperative for population-based outreach and education efforts to provide accurate and balanced information about the risks and benefits of testing.
Use of genetic testing in the 2009 Puerto Rico HINTS survey was lower (4.3 percent) compared with the 2007 U.S. survey (8.1 percent), but higher compared with the 2006 U.S. survey (0.6 percent).
Married people -- and those who had ever been married or were living together -- were more likely to be aware of direct-to-consumer genetic tests compared with those who never married. Individuals who had sought cancer information were twice as likely to be aware. Smokers were among the least likely to know about genetic testing.
"Further studies will elucidate the use of genetic tests in clinical settings, and evaluate attitudes and beliefs about them," Ortiz said. "As our understanding of their usefulness increases, we must assure access for everyone who may benefit, so that genetic testing will not become a source of health disparity in the population."
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Bible Studies Youth
True Story
True Story
Pete Brown
Readership:Youth 11-14
Book 180x230mm; 64 pages
ISBN 978 1 78506 519 4
True Story is ideal for any young person between the ages of 11 to 14 seeking answers to life's bigger questions. Its chatty and interactive style is an engaging introduction to what Christians believe about the true meaning of life.
When Warren ended up in the school pond it was hard to argue it had been an accident. But at least we'd cleared up one thing: people don't walk on water.
So... what are you going to do with a man who did? A man who also healed the sick, gave sight to the blind and came back to life after being dead for three days?
Drawing upon funny moments during his own time at school, Pete Brown introduces us to the person who made the biggest impact on his life - not the school bully, but Jesus Christ.
This book explores some of the questions that occurred to Pete during an idle moment in a maths lesson: Is there a God? How can I know Jesus' story is true? And what difference can he make to my life?
Written by youth pastor and evangelist Pete Brown, True Story invites teenagers to reflect upon six key interactions Jesus has with characters from the Gospels.


text:
PennController.GetTable( tablename ).filter( "column", "match" )
PennController.GetTable( tablename ).filter( "column", /match/ )
PennController.GetTable( tablename ).filter( function )
Returns a filtered version of the table, containing only rows whose specified column's value is a match.
If you use a string then the column's value must match the text exactly. Alternatively, you can use a regular expression to test the column's value. You can also use a function that will take each row as an argument and should return
true to keep the row or
false to exclude it.
You can use several
filters in chain.
Template( GetTable( "spreadsheet.csv" ).filter( row => row.Item > 0 ) // 'Item' should be greater than 0, and.filter( "ButtonText", /second/ ) // 'ButtonText' should contain'second', row => newTrial( "button trial", newButton("test button", row.ButtonText).print().wait() ).log( "Item", row.Item ).log( "Text", row.ButtonText ) );
Generates only one trial from a subset of the table spreadsheet.csv: first we only consider rows where the value in the Item column is a number greater than 0 (this is practically ineffective, for both rows in spreadsheet.csv already satisfy this condition) and we further consider only rows among those rows where the value of the ButtonText column is a text containing the string second (only the second row satisfies this condition).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Benjamin Franklin was inspired to create his own version of the armonica after listening to a concert of Handel's Water Music which was played on tuned wine glasses.
Benjamin Franklin's armonica, created in 1761, was smaller than the originals and did not require water tuning. Benjamin Franklin's design used glasses that were blown in the proper size and thickness which created the proper pitch without having to be filled with water. The glasses were nested in each other which made the instrument more compact and playable. The glasses were mounted on a spindle which was turned by a foot treadle.
His armonica won popularity in England and on the Continent. Beethoven and Mozart composed music for it. Benjamin Franklin, an avid musician, kept the armonica in the blue room on the third floor of his house. He enjoyed playing armonica/harpsicord duets with his daughter Sally and bringing the armonica to get togethers at his friends' homes.


text:
expurgate: Meaning and Definition of
Pronunciation: (ek'spur-gāt"), [key]
— -gat•ed, -gat•ing.
- to amend by removing words, passages, etc., deemed offensive or objectionable: Most children read an expurgated version of Grimms' fairy tales.
- to purge or cleanse of moral offensiveness.
- expurgate (Thesaurus)
Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about.


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The U.S. and Canada are the 5th and 6th largest mink farming countries, behind Denmark, China, Netherlands and Poland.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Agricultural Statistics Service), there were 268 mink farms in operation in the U.S. in 2011. Leading states were Wisconsin, Utah and Idaho. Although the number of fur farms has decreased (there were 329 mink farms in the U.S. in 2001, and 683 in 1991), the total number of mink pelts "produced" has not decreased significantly. Over 3 million mink were killed on U.S. farms in 2011.
According to Statistics Canada (Canada's national statistical agency), there were 252 mink farms and 57 fox farms in operation in Canada in 2011 (farms raising both mink and fox were counted twice). Nova Scotia is Canada's leading mink farming province (over half of all mink killed in Canada were from Nova Scotia fur farms), followed by Ontario. Over 2.5 million mink and 9,000 foxes were killed on fur farms in Canada in 2011.
This directory includes farms that may have closed. This directory does not include chinchilla fur farms.
Although the majority (85%) of animals killed for their fur are kept captive in fur farms, each year trappers kill hundreds of thousands of muskrats, beavers, raccoons, coyotes, squirrels, marten and other animals. The United States and Canada are the world's leading suppliers of fur from trapped animals ("wild fur").
70,000 seals were killed during Canada's 2012 commercial seal hunt.
U.S. listings are in zip code order. Canada's farms and related businesses are listed east to west, and north to south, across each province/territory.


Here's Why Coke Had Different Taste Around the Globe
Dec 30, 2020 12:20 AM EST | By Josh Summers (
Here's Why Coke have a Different taste Around the World
(Photo : Justin Sullivan)
An aerial drone view of a Coca-Cola billboard in the South of Market Area on October 26, 2020 in San Francisco, California. A Coca-Cola billboard that has been park of San Francisco's South of Market landscape since 1937 is slated to be taken down by the Coca-Cola company. The removal will cost an estimated $100,000.
Whenever people get thirsty, drinking a bottle of cola, like Coke, can help you soothe that feeling. Typically, it has the same taste, but have you ever wondered how it tastes in other countries around the world?
According to Small Business, the Coca-Cola Company produces syrup concentrate then sells them to bottlers around the globe who can manufacture and distribute the finished products to different vending partners and consumers.
You might think that it might taste the same because technically, Coke is owned by one company worldwide. But according to Mashed, the beverage may taste different in other countries. It even mentioned a discussion that weighs if Mexican Coke tastes better than the Coke in the United States.
Easy Co2 also says that Coke from around the world does not have the same taste.
Read also: Coca Cola Milk Reaction: Concerned About Health? [WATCH] Can Coke Really Cause Osteoporosis?
Different taste of Coke from Around the world
Coke tastes different from around the world because of certain factors that affect the product itself.
Mashed mentions that one notable difference between the Coke from the United States and other parts of the world is the sugar added to the drink. Easy Co2 adds that the companies who own franchises can decide their water level, carbonation, and sweeteners mixed with the Coke concentrate.
Easy Co2 furthers that companies can also decide whether to use less concentrate, sugar, and carbonation. In this way, the beverage could be adjusted to the region's palate or taste.
Thus, even a global brand could adjust its product's taste based on its location. For example, when McDonald's China releases their Spam and Oreo burger, which leads some people shock and awe.
Another factor that makes Coke's taste a little bit distinct from each other is the sugar that is used. Mashed mentions that Mexican Coke utilizes cane sugar, while American Coke uses high fructose corn syrup.
Easy Co2 explains that this is done because sugar has a higher price in the United States. That is why only the US is the country that uses this kind of sweetener for its famous beverage.
Coca-Cola explains on its website that the same fizzy drink can have a slight difference in the taste. Coca-Cola Middle East issues the same statement and says that this can happen because of the difference in the temperature where the product is consumed, the foods partnered, and the storage's condition, where the beverage is situated before consuming.
Even though the taste is likely different from each one, fizzy drinks like Coke shall be taken in moderation because it still has sweeteners added to satisfy people's taste and palate.
Related article: There's More to "Mexican Coke" Than Meets the Tongue
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Responsible Gaming - Juegos de casino, R. FRANCO GAMES
Responsible Gaming
Responsible Gaming is a rational and judicious choice of the gaming options which takes into account the player's personal circumstances and situation and prevents the game from becoming a problem. Responsible Gaming involves an educated and informed decision made by consumers with the sole purpose of entertaining and enjoying themselves, where the value played never exceeds what players can afford.
Responsible Gaming is a leisure and entertainment activity and never interferes with social, professional or family commitments.
Responsible players:
1. Responsible players play for fun, not for money. They are aware that they may be lucky and win, but they may also lose.
2. Playing responsibly means making decisions based on facts, keeping control of the time and the money players want to spend.
3. Playing responsibly makes the gaming activity a pleasant and enjoyable experience, with no risk of harm to players, their family and/or friends.
How to play responsibly:
1. Play for fun, not for money or to escape from problems.
2. Do not pursue or try to recover losses.
3. Play for fun, enjoy yourself when winning, but take into account that you may also lose.
4. Do not borrow money to play.
5. Play only the amount of money you decided to use for entertainment. Do not use the money you usually need for your fixed expenditure, such as food, transportation, etc.
6. Self-control decreases at times of emotional crisis: avoid playing at those times.
7. Do not let gaming affect your relationship with family and friends.
8. Set a time and money limit to play.
9. The only measured game is the enjoyable game.
Also interesting…
1. Do not mix up responsible gaming with safe gaming.
2. Do you know what problem gaming is?
3. And pathologic gaming?
4. We have provided a space for you on the web site, where you may make enquiries and exchange opinions.
5. Do you want to receive advice about playing in a more controlled fashion?
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Geolocation and Geoblocking
Community Team Member
Geolocation and GeoblockingGeolocation and Geoblocking
Palo Alto Networks dives into how your firewall can perform Geolocation and Geoblocking to help you keep your network safe in different regions. Learn how to set security policies, decryption policies, and DoS policies for your firewall.
What are Geolocation and Geoblocking?
Geolocation is the estimation of the real-world geographic location of an object. In our specific use case, I am referring to the physical location of your PC, laptop, mobile device, or from the servers you are trying to reach.
Geoblocking is when you start restricting or allowing access to content based on the geolocation.
The next-generation firewall supports creation of policy rules that apply to specified countries or regions. The region is available as an option when specifying source and destination for security policies, decryption policies, and DoS policies. You can choose from a standard list of countries or use the region settings described in this section to define custom regions to include as options for security policy rules.
As a very simple example, let's assume you are located in the United States and would like to only allow access to addresses that are located in that country. First, you'll need to allow this access through a security rule.
You do this simply by adding the desired region or country to your security rule with an allow action.
Country Allow Security RuleCountry Allow Security Rule
Through geolocation, the firewall will identify that the IP address you are trying to access is located in the US, and the policy will grant you the access.
If you want to deny access to all other regions, then you can just let the default-deny rule handle it. Alternatively, if you want to catch it earlier, then you can add a rule that excludes all the US traffic and blocks it. The negate option is very useful in this specific use case. Any IP address that isn't part of the US region will hit this rule and follow the configure Action Setting (Deny for example).
Security Policy for NegateSecurity Policy for Negate
Sounds very simple doesn't it? It is indeed very easy to set up.
With that said, did you know that there's a way to trick certain devices into believing you are from a totally different region?
You can easily do this through online proxies and/or anonymizers. These are tools that are freely available online, and as the name indicates, proxies or anonymizers anonymize your traffic.
What happens is that you connect to these servers and they in turn make a connection in your name to the destination server. This destination server sees an incoming connection from the proxy server, not knowing the request is actually coming from you.
Often, these tools are used for shady practices or to hide what you're doing. Don't want your users to use these tools? Just block the access to them by blocking the URL-category 'proxy-avoidance-and-anonymizers'.
URL CategoryURL Category
NOTE: This URL-category is only useful for outbound sessions and will not protect you from inbound connections using these proxies. I recommend researching EDL (External Dynamic Lists) for this instead.
Check out the links below if you want to know more about geolocation or geoblocking on the Palo Alto Networks firewall!
Objects > Regions
How to Block Traffic Based Upon Countries
How to Verify PAN-OS IP Region Mapping
Thanks for taking time to read the blog.
If you enjoyed this, please hit the Like (thumbs up) button, don't forget to subscribe to the LIVEcommunity Blog.
As always, we welcome all comments and feedback in the comments section below.
Stay Secure,
Kiwi out!
L0 Member
Nice post, thanks.
In the link
How to Verify PAN-OS IP Region Mapping
is given a site about ip to country relation, is this site used by PaloAlto?
I ask this because I am searching for a solution to what you explained what will not be blocked:
Because then you need a website/partner that keeps track of the ip addresses that are given out by such anonymizer providers.
Hopefully you have a example about EDL which can be used.
Community Team Member
L0 Member
Nice article and I do like this GEO feature. What would it cost to add Regions to NAT rules? I'm currently using a third party hardware with GEO capabilities to return different DNS resolution based on the client's IP address.
That would save me several DNS delegations if I could specify the incoming region of a request and determine the NATed IP destination address + possibily alternative destinations in case of unreachability of the NATed IP.
Best regards,


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A new Canadian program is reducing school-based bullying behavior by changing attitudes in the classroom. University of Alberta researchers use the educational program to rid schools of bullying behavior specifically directed at students who stutter.
The program has been so effective at changing attitudes in the classroom that researchers say the template could be used to modify other undesirable behaviors.
Currently, the Teasing and Bullying Unacceptable Behavior (TAB) program is taught province-wide to students in grades 3 to 6 to reduce teasing and bullying directed at children with differences—particularly children who stutter.
A new study by TAB creator Marilyn Langevin, Ph.D., shows the program is getting bullies, victims and bystanders to recognize bullying behavior and deem it unacceptable.
"Attitudes predict behaviors. If we're going to get behavior to change, a first-level intervention is changing attitudes in the classroom," said Langevin. "TAB program is one of the building blocks of change."
Children who stutter are at three times greater risk of being bullied at school compared with peers who speak fluently. In this study, Langevin and her team surveyed more than 600 students who participated in the TAB program to evaluate its effectiveness at changing attitudes about stuttering.
Researchers have learned that children who know someone that stutters—a family member, friend or peer—generally have more positive attitudes toward them.
However, for individuals with little exposure to stuttering, it's a different story as stuttering is an unpredictable disorder characterized by repetitions, prolonged sounds or complete blocks that can be accompanied by head jerks, nods and facial grimaces.
A key finding of the study was that the intervention had the most impact on students who previously did not know anyone who stutters. Investigators found that these children displayed more positive attitudes and were more likely to engage in social interaction. These students were also more likely to resist peer pressure to socially isolate stuttering children.
"It's the children who don't know someone who stutters that generally have more negative attitudes toward kids who stutter. We're very pleased to see this group had the highest change scores since they're the group we wanted to target."
Children surveyed were also more likely to take a dim view of such behavior after completing the TAB program, and had more knowledge of appropriate ways to respond.
The survey also showed that children who bullied were most resistant to the TAB program itself, compared with victims and "dually involved" students—those who have bullied but have also been bullied. Those results make sense because kids who bully can lose social status if their peers recognize such behavior is unacceptable, Langevin said.
"It's sort of like getting your hand caught in the cookie jar—who likes that?"
Nevertheless, researchers discovered that some kids who bully acknowledged that their behavior was unacceptable and, in some cases, vowed to change.
"There was a subset of children who bully who were saying, 'I didn't realize I was hurting my friend or my sister,' and there was an indication that they wanted to change."
And although movies like the Oscar-winning "The King's Speech" have helped change attitudes about stuttering among a wider population, real change takes time and repeated effort, Langevin said.
"It was the same with drunk driving and smoking cessation—you have to change public perception and attitudes in order to get robust changes that are maintained over a period of time. And you have to keep at it," she said.
Source: University of Alberta


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Pyrogenesis files provisional patent for high purity silicon production
Stephen LawOptoelectronics Semiconductors Engineering
PyroGenesis Canada Inc., a Montreal-based clean-tech company that designs, develops, manufactures and commercializes plasma waste-to-energy systems and plasma torch products, has filed a provisional patent for a one step process using plasma for producing high purity silicon from silica.
The PUREVAP is a proprietary process that uses a plasma arc within a vacuum furnace to produce high purity, metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), solar grade silicon (UMG Si) and polysilicon from quartz.
"We expect this process to not only have strategic significance with respect to silicon, but will allow PyroGenesis to further develop distinct plasma processes geared to refining other high grade and valuable metals as well," says Pierre Carabin, director of engineering of PyroGenesis. "Applying plasma to silica in this manner is another example of how PyroGenesis is finding high value niche markets for its plasma based processes."
"Advances in solar energy and electronic applications have made silicon a strategic material in the 21st century. The world consumption of silicon metal in 2014 alone exceeded US$6 billion," adds, PyroGenesis president and CEO Peter Pascali. "Therefore, there is a significant need to finding ways to reduce the cost of producing strategic materials and PyroGenesis' processes are poised to do just that."


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A dental clinical examination form is a detailed medical report prepared by a dentist or clinic for an individual. This type of form focuses on all aspects of oral health right from health condition of teeth to jaw movements, muscles, and gums. A clinical examination form also contains results of different types of tests along with the proper diagnosis of the tests. This enables a dentist to arrive at a conclusion regarding the overall dental health of their patient and thus be able to provide the right treatment or prescribe the right medication.
You can Download the Dental Clinical Examination Form, customize it according to your needs and Print. Dental Clinical Examination Form Template is either in MS Word and in Editable PDF.
Sample Dental Clinical Examination Form
Download Editable Dental Clinical Examination Form for only $4.99


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University of New Mexico's Steven Homer is named among 26 law teachers nationally who have had a significant, positive and long-term impact on their students. Homer, interim director of the Legal Analysis and Communications Program, has received the UNM Outstanding Adjunct/Lecturer of the Year Award and is a multiple winner of the Dean's Award for Faculty Excellence in the UNM School of Law.
Homer is featured in the book, What the Best Law Teachers Do, Harvard University Press, 2013. The book is the culmination of a four-year study to identify extraordinary law teachers. They received hundreds of nominations from which they selected the 26 they profiled. The authors visited the subjects, observed class sessions and conducted interviews with subjects, students, alumni, deans and other faculty.
The book studies the atrributes and practices of these law professors, described as "inspiring role models to their students, who consciously and carefully prepare their students to practice law, who devote themselves to helping their students grow as people and as future lawyers, and who mentor their students, helping them find jobs and make career choices, even long after the students have graduated."
Homer teaches first and second year students and has taught in the school's clinic program for third year students. He insists that everyone must participate in class. "Speaking in front of people is very important for a lawyer," he said. So, he calls on each of his students every day. He acknolwedges that it is stressful at first, but as time goes by, students become more comfortable with it.
The book identifies structure as key in the classroom; that students repeatedly say they appreciate having a structure that helps them learn. Homer scripts his whole class to ensure that each class is productive. He organizes content, develops the sequence of questions and anticipates the answers. Part of his job, he said, is to keep students on task. His students commented on how clear his expectations are and how important they are to gauge progress.
One of the lasting lessons for Homer's students is thoughtful writing. Students are quoted discussing the link between careful reading and persuasive writing, focusing on the purpose in writing and the importance of editing. One former student said those practices have been ingrained and when people in the office pass motions around before filing them, they actually say "do the Homer thing" -- chop out extraneous verbiage.
The book is authored by Professor Gerry Hess of Gonzaga University School of Law, Professor Sophie Sparrow of the University of New Hampshire School of Law, and Michael Hunter Schwartz, dean and professor of law at the UALR William H. Bowen School of Law.
According to Hess, "All of the teachers we studied are regarded as being among the most rigorous professors at their law schools who have high expectations of every student, yet they also are known for their kindness to their students. They foster self-confidence in their students and inspire in them a belief that they are capable of great things. They get to know their students as people and manifest caring and respect for their students. These teachers model hard work, creativity and humility."


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TrainingBriefs® Responding to Change with Commitment
Committing to Change
New Micro-Learning! The commitment phase of the Change Response Strategy is all about exploring the consequences, making a choice you're comfortable with and then moving forward. During this course, you'll observe how a team leader uses an experience within her organization to explain the strategy to a friend.
Learning Path & Details
Suggested Industry Usage
- Creating a Collaborative Environment
- Facilitating Change
- Understand how to explore the consequences, making a choice you're comfortable with and then moving forward.
- Understand how to demonstrate the commitment to change with our actions.
- Audible Narration
- Integrated Video
- Interactions and Activities
Training Files (1)
The "commit" step in The Change Response Strategy helps you make a good faith effort to support a change based on the best available information.


Tag: Simon Chamorro
Simon Chamorro, Valiu: Revolutionizing the Venezuelan Remittance Economy, Ep 98
80% of Venezuelans today depend on remittances to survive. Almost seven million people have left the country since the protests against the Maduro government started, creating a massive diaspora, almost all of whom send money home to family members trapped in the country.
Simon Chamorro was born and raised in Caracas, Venezuela, so he has seen this problem firsthand. He co-founded Valiu to make it easier to transfer money from Colombia to Venezuela by streamlining remittances using cryptocurrency.
In this episode of Crossing Borders, Simon explains how Valiu is using cryptocurrency to solve real-life problems, and how it has the potential to combat inflation in economies across Latin America. Now living in Colombia, Simon also discusses the important lessons he has learned working with four startups in the Colombian ecosystem, his own experience in starting a company, and where Valiu is headed next.
Check out this episode of Crossing Borders to learn more about the current situation in Venezuela and how Valiu is helping streamline the remittance economy from across the Colombian border.


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The use of multiple chromophores as photosensitizers for catalysts involved in energy-demanding redox reactions is often complicated by electronic interactions between the chromophores. These interchromophore interactions can lead to processes, such as excimer formation and symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), that compete with efficient electron transfer to or from the catalyst. Here, two dimers of perylene bound either directly or through a xylyl spacer to a xanthene backbone were synthesized to probe the effects of interchromophore electronic coupling on excimer formation and SB-CS using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Two time constants for excimer formation in the 1-25 ps range were observed in each dimer due to the presence of rotational isomers having different degrees of interchromophore coupling. In highly polar acetonitrile, SB-CS competes with excimer formation in the more weakly coupled isomers followed by charge recombination with τCR = 72-85 ps to yield the excimer. The results of this study of perylene molecular dimers can inform the design of chromophore-catalyst systems for solar fuel production that utilize multiple perylene chromophores. (Figure Presented).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry


You Might Missing The Difference Between Arteries and Veins
The very basic difference between Arteries and Veins is that arteries contribute to supply the oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body parts while veins contribute to supply the deoxygenated blood from body parts back to the heart. The arteries are red in color while the Veins are blue.
Difference between Arteries and Veins
Difference between Arteries and Veins
Ever confused about these two terms?
Let's dig more into details
Difference between Arteries and Veins in tabular form :
1. Carries oxygenated blood which is rich in nutrients and oxygen as well. Carries deoxygenated blood which lacks oxygen and can also be known as impure blood.
2. Deeply situated within the body. Situated close to the skin (as you can see in arms).
3. Red in color. Blue in color.
4. Possess rigid, thicker, and highly muscular walls. Possess thin and soft walls.
5. Supply blood from cardiac muscle (heart) to various body parts. Supply blood from various body parts back to cardiac muscle.
6. Possess a narrow lumen (diameter in the pipe). Possess a wide lumen.
7. Have a high-pressure flow of blood in them. Possess a low-pressure flow of blood.
8. It contains a lower blood volume of around 15% of the body's blood. It contains a higher volume of blood which is around 65% of the whole body.
9. In comparison to veins, arteries Have high oxygen and low carbon dioxide. Have low oxygen and high carbon dioxide.
10. Arteries Possess no valves Possess valves to allow blood flow upward from the lower body.
11. It can be at greater risk of diseases like Angina Pectoris and Atherosclerosis because of the presence of oxygen (oxygen allows micro-organisms to survive). At the lower risk of diseases but can also acquire a few like Varicose Vein.
12. Arteries get empty at the time of death At the time of death, these get filled up.
13. The thickest layer that is present in arteries is 'tunica media'. Tunica adventitia' is the thickest layer considered
14. The contraction of the muscle is present in arteries. The contraction is absent in veins.
15. Types of arteries are systematic and pulmonary. Systematic, pulmonary, deep, and superficial are the types of veins.
Definition of Artery
The artery is defined as a blood pipeline or vessel that conveys oxygenated blood from the heart to rest of the body tissues, organs, or body parts. Arteries are muscular tubes lined up by smooth tissues and are a part of the circulatory system employed to convey oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to body tissues.
What Are The Types of Arteries:
There are three types of arteries known which are:
 1. Muscular arteries.
 2. Elastic Arteries.
 3. Arterioles.
Muscular Arteries: These are muscular in such a way that the walls of these arteries are lined up with muscle fibers that are responsible for the characteristic these arteries have to contract and relax.
Muscular arteries somehow rely on elastic arteries as elastic arteries are responsible for the blood supply in the muscle fibers that are present in the walls of muscular arteries.
Elastic Arteries: These types of arteries are considered large vessels that are just coming out of the heart as the aorta and pulmonary artery, these are also known types of elastic arteries.
These are flexible as the name tells, have the ability to vacuum the blood out to keep the circulation moving around. These have the elastic characteristic due to the protein present in there known as elastin.
Arterioles: These are considered the smallest artery type that serves to branch out blood from large arteries to the capillary network
Definition of the vein:
The vein is defined as the vessel or pipeline that carries back the blood from the rest of the body to the heart. The blood that it carries back to the heart is now deoxygenated because the oxygen it has before is utilized by the body tissues and now it is going back to heart to get itself utilized.
Veins possess less muscle and are thinner than arteries but overall basic makeup of both is the same.
What are the types of veins?
Majorly these Veins are categorized into two types which are:
 1. Systematic veins.
 2. Pulmonary Veins.
However, there are some scientists who further classify systematic veins into three more subtypes, which are:
 1. Deep veins.
 2. Superficial veins.
 3. Connecting veins.
Deep veins: These are considered the subtype of systematic veins that posses a corresponding artery and are exist in the muscle tissue.
Superficial veins: These veins are considered as the nearest to the skin layer and do not have a corresponding artery present.
Connecting veins: These are the 3rd subtype of systematic veins that are employed to allow blood flow from the superficial to deep veins.
Some similarities between arteries and veins:
Both are blood vessels and are part of the circulatory system.
2. Both are blood transporters.
3. Both are majorly composed of three layers which are tunica adventitia, tunica media, the tunica intima.
4. Both are muscular layers that are responsible for relaxation and contraction
5. Both are cardiac associated.
Anatomy of arteries and veins:
there are three major layers in arteries and veins:
 1. Tunica adventitia.
 2. Tunica media.
 3. Tunica intima.
Tunica adventitia: the external covering of vessels that consists of proteins like elastin and collagen. the covering enables the vessel to contract and relax. the characteristic of getting the contract and relax is to manage blood pressure.
Tunica media: the middle lining of the vessel that is composed of the elastin and muscle fiber. the ratio of the amount of muscle fiber and elastin protein in the layer depends on the type of the vessel.
Tunica intima: the inner blood vessel lining is called tunica intima that the composition of which is divided into the tissue, elastic membrane, and also sometimes include valves that assist blood flow in the appropriate direction.
Why pressure is higher in our arteries than in our veins?
You just have to remember that all the pressure in our blood vessels is created when the heart pumps and expels out the blood while systole. The arteries subdivide until they form capillaries where the nutrients exchange takes place. These capillaries are flexible due to which some of the pressure is absorbed by their flexibility. More the distance from the heart, less will be the pressure.
In short, these large vessels split into millions of tiny vessels, due to which pressure in these vessels is low. Coming further ahead these vessels converge in relatively low-pressure veins.
Oxygenated and De-oxygenated Blood:
Our body's bloodstream.possesses two types of blood Oxygenated and De-oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood is rich in oxygen while de-oxygenated blood lacks oxygen.
We can also say it in such a way that de-oxygenated blood carries more carbon dioxide which is going to be kicked out from the body through exhalation and oxygenated blood carries more oxygen which is going to be delivered to the rest of the body cells, tissues and organs. Remember, cells join together and make tissues and tissues make organs (Cells > Tissues > Organs).
If we talk about the visual appearance of these two types of blood then oxygenated blood is of bright red color while de-oxygenated is of dark red to bluish in color. Oxygenated blood always travels in arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood always travels in veins that's why it is also called venous blood and it travels always from the rest of the body to the heart.
After going through the above article we can now conclude that there are tons of differences between arteries and veins and these are few of them. These are major participants in the circulatory system as one of them works to push blood away from the heart and one work to push back the blood to the heart.
What is deoxygenated blood?
Simple, the blood that possesses no oxygen in it is called as deoxygenated blood and it is carried by veins from the body back to the heart to be oxygenized.
What is oxygenated blood?
The blood that possesses oxygen in it is called as oxygenated blood. It is carried by the arteries from the heart to rest of the body.
What is the color of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
Both are red in color but the oxygenated blood is bright red in color while the deoxygenated blood looks dark red in color.
What is the color of arteries?
Arteries possess red color and are situated deep in the body.
What is the color of veins?
Veins possess blue color and are situated close to the skin layer.
Who discovered that arteries carry blood?
Willian Harvey is the scientist who discovered that the arteries carry blood.
What is the major difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries are employed to supply the oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body tissues while veins contribute to supply the deoxygenated blood from body parts back to the heart.
4 thoughts on "You Might Missing The Difference Between Arteries and Veins
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Tang's nesting crows 2: Yes, whose eggs were those?
The three eggs in the crows' nest as seen in Tang's earlier image, also shown here, show similarity in colour and pattern. However, one of the eggs is of slightly different shape than the other two and smaller. And according to the literature, the Asian Koel's (Eudynamys scolopacea) egg is smaller than that of the House Crow's (Corvus splendens). Can the smaller egg then be that of the koel's? We need to monitor the situation and wait for the hatching. The nestling of the koel can easily be differentiated from that of the crow once feathers develop (see image of koel nestling, bottomj).
Angie found bluish shells with dark speckles as well as light cream ones at the base of the tree where the crows' nest was the day after koels attacked the nest (see image on left as well as earlier posting. Is it possible that either the crow or the koel laid eggs of two different colours? After all, as Lin Yang Chen pointed out, there are reports of egg dimorphism among certain species of birds. Unfortunately bird watchers have yet to pay much attention to such details.
Input by Hung Bun Tang, Angie Ng and Lin Yang Chen
Images (top to bottom) by HBT, Angie and YC


What is the WHO doing to help countries 'retain" their health workers?
More Frequently asked questions
Q&A index
The WHO has developed global recommendations* to advise countries on how to improve access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention. They include enrolling students from rural areas, locating training schools in rural areas; ensuring compulsory service in rural areas; access to continuing professional development; improving regulation's and providing financial and personal/professional incentives such as grants for housing, vacations, support for children schooling etc. The recommendations also give advice to policy makers on how to choose the most appropriate interventions and, on how to implement, monitor and evaluate their impact over time.


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This expression, meaning "very fashionably and elaborately dressed", is recorded from the 18th century. "The nine" or "the nines" were used to signify "superlative" in numerous other contexts. Theories include: 9, being the highest single-digit number, symbolized the best; a metanalysis of Old English to then eyne "to the eyes"; and a reference to the 9 muses
"Numbers are neither abstractions nor entities in themselves. Numbers are names applied to the functions and principles upon which the universe is created and maintained. Through the study of number - perhaps only through the study of number - these functions and principles can be understood."
The Ennead (Ancient Greek: ἐννεάς, meaning a collection of nine things) was a group of nine deities in Egyptian mythology. The Ennead were worshipped at Heliopolis and consisted of the god Atum, his children Shu and Tefnut, their children Geb and Nut and their children Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys.


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Free Essay: Factors Affecting Plant Growth
Various factors affect the growth of living things. In this essay, we shall discuss the factors that affect the growth of plants. It therefore means that depending on the prevailing conditions, plants are likely to exhibit varying growth rates. Favorable conditions promote growth while hostile conditions may lead to retarded growth or death in extreme cases. As discussed below, these factors are either genetic or environmental.
The first class of factors is genetic. It is important to note that the yield of any plant depends solely on the genetic makeup. In most cases, plants increase yield with time because of genetic improvement and modification through hybrids. Besides the yield, improvement of genetic material of a plant results into high disease resistance, high quality and drought hardiness. Genetic improvement is common in corn, where other varieties have been developed by improving the genetic composition. Scientists achieve this modification through genetic engineering.
Besides genetic factors, environmental factors equally affect the growth of plants. In this context, environmental factors encompass all external conditions, which affect the life of plants. Leading environmental factors include temperature, moisture, radiation, humidity, soil aeration, soil reaction, biotic factors, and supply of minerals among others. It is important to note that each of these factors can limit the growth of plants. Furthermore, they do not affect plants independently as most of them go hand-in-hand with each other.
Temperature is a major factor that affects the growing of plants. This happens in various ways, owing to the role of temperature in various biochemical processes in plants. As a measure of heat, most plants thrive in a narrow of temperature of between 60 and 100 Fahrenheit. In particular, temperature affects respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration. All these processes are important and failure of any of them directly affects the growth of plants. For example, photosynthesis allows plants to make food while respiration enables nutrients to be converted into useful energy. Temperature also affects the presence of soil organisms like the nitrogen fixing bacteria. This bacterium does not function optimally when temperatures are low.
Another factor that affects growth of plants is moisture supply. Moisture is vital for various processes in plants. However, too much or very little moisture will adversely affect the growth of plants. Nevertheless, moisture requirements of plants widely vary, as there are plants that do well in high moisture supply while others cannot survive in such conditions. It is therefore paramount to regulate the amount of moisture for plants through either irrigation or drainage. The advantage of good soil moisture is that it enhances excellent nutrient uptake by plants, which is important for their growth.
Radiant energy is another factor that affects growth of plants. Three factors determine radiant energy; quality, duration, and intensity. It is not possible to control the quality of radiant energy but different crops need varying light energy for proper growth. Light intensity is essential because it is necessary for photosynthesis. Moreover, the composition of the atmosphere also affects the growth of plants. Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis. High levels of CO2 further help in decomposition of organic matter. In the absence of sufficient CO2, its supply could be supplemented.
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URA-Fermilab Undergraduate Women in STEM Internship Applications Now ClosedProgram Start Date May 30, 2023 2023 Interns
The URA-Fermilab Undergraduate Women in STEM engages women science and engineering undergraduate students from under-represented groups(American Indian/Alaska Native, African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander) to conduct research at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in fulfillment of its mission.
For questions contact _EMAIL_
The S&T portfolio of Fermilab covers the research areas of Particle Physics, Accelerators and Detectors, Applied Physics and Superconducting Technology, Computational Science/Artificial Intelligence, and Emerging Technologies, in support of the following projects: LBNF/DUNE US, PIP-II, HL-LHC AUP & CMS, Mu2e, Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS).
Interns will spend 10 weeks at Fermilab working under the direct leadership, guidance, and supervision of Fermilab scientists, engineers, computing professionals, technicians, and staff across all laboratory directorates performing hands-on research. In addition, the cohort will meet with mentors and advisors to grow their professional networks, take part in engaging and inclusive intellectual discussions, directly benefit from the laboratory resources and participate in professional development and social engagement activities.
Women science and engineering majors from underrepresented groups:
- American Indian/Native
- African American/Black
- Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
- Material Science
- Computer Science
Enrolled full-time in a degree-granting program at a U.S. or its territories.
Junior and seniors not graduating prior to December 2023.
Must be a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident.
Before you apply, please have all your requirements ready. Once you submit the application you will no longer have access and will not be able to upload any missing requirements.
The application materials required:
- Online Application
- Unofficial Transcript
- Statement of Purpose (300 words max): Describe your experience, skills, personal and professional goals, and intellectual curiosity that you will bring to Fermilab and make you an outstanding intern
- One Letter of Recommendation from a professor, faculty, or academic/research advisor. The recommendation letter should address the applicant's academic record and potential for success in a STEM internship, as indicated by demonstrated by academic and intellectual merit, research/technical if applicable, communication, leadership, and teamwork skills. The recommendation letter must be received by April 12, 2023, at 11:59:59 PM Eastern Time
(Once you submit your application you will receive an email request to provide reference contact information. Once you provide the info we will email a link to your reference to upload the letter of recommendation)
- Attendance at Undergraduate Lecture Series
- Presentation Abstract (150 words)
- Oral Presentation
- Poster Presentation
- Written Research Project Report
Fermilab is an Equal Opportunity Employer and believes a diverse and inclusive environment based on mutual respect is essential to our mission. Fermilab is committed to recruiting and developing the most hardworking people and does not discriminate in employment on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, religion, age, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, military/veteran status, country of birth, geography/postal code, disability, martial status, parental or gestational status, or other non-merit factor.
March 6 – April 12, 2023
10 weeks between June and August 2023
May 1, 2023
Stipend based on 40 hours/week, 10 weeks total at $23/hour
Off-campus housing provided at $65/night
Up to $1,000 provided in reimbursement for allowable inbound/outbound travel expenses
For questions contact _EMAIL_
Fermilab is the U.S. Department of Energy's national laboratory for particle physics and accelerator research located on a 6,800-acre prairie, 35 miles outside Chicago. Fermilab performs scientific research in Illinois and at locations around the world, including deep underground mines in South Dakota and Canada, mountaintops in Arizona and Chile, and the South Pole.
Fermilab is composed of engineers, scientists, technicians, and administrative professionals who are strategic risk takers, innovators, and collaborators. About 1,800 employees work together towards advancing knowledge for the benefit of humankind. Fermilab has been at the forefront of particle physics for more than 40 years building world-leading accelerators and detectors to conduct some of the most advanced particle physics experiments possible. Fermilab collects and analyze the data from those experiments with some of the most powerful computers in the world.


Mow, Mow, Mow Your Lawn
 Mow, Mow, Mow Your Lawn
 Cut down stress by mowing the grass.
 Published on June 7, 2011 by Linda Wasmer Andrews in Minding the Body Mowing the grass has mind-body health benefits. There's something meditative about pushing a mower back and forth across that patch of green. Plus, it's a practical way to work in a workout while burning some serious calories. So save the money on a lawn care service, and find another excuse to hire the neighborhood teen. Here's a look at why the grass is greener on the DIY side.
 Leaves of Grass
 Back and forth and back again. Focusing on the repetitive movement of mowing helps you slip into a calmer state of mind. Meanwhile, the green surroundings help restore attention and promote a sense of well-being.
 Cardio by the Yard
 Exercise-wise, operating a riding mower isn't much better than watching grass grow. But mowing the grass with any type of push mower counts toward the 150 minutes of moderate physical activity (or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity) you're supposed to accrue each week. A gasolineor electric-powered mower gives you a moderate workout. To maximize the benefits, choose a model without the self-propelled feature. Even better, pick an old-fashioned, manual reel mower. It offers a vigorous workout, and it's also quiet and environmentally friendly.
 Calorie Cutter
 Cutting the grass helps mow down calories. To estimate how many:
 1. Divide your weight in pounds by 2.2.
 2. Multiply your step 1 answer by 0.08 (for a power mower).
 3. Multiply your step 2 answer by the number of minutes spent mowing.
 For example, a 150-pound person pushing a power mower for 15 minutes expends about 82 calories - comparable to briskly walking a mile in the same amount of time. A manual mower burns even more calories, comparable to running.
 Eau de Mow
 Ever wished you could bottle the soothing aroma of freshly mown grass? An Australian company has attempted to do just that in a product called Serenascent. Based on the research of Nick Lavidis, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of Queensland, the product contains three plant compounds that may act as stress relievers. For a stronger whiff without the bottle, get out the lawn mower.
 Greener Grass
 If you hire a lawn care service, they're apt to arrive with a gas-powered mower, and the emissions from such mowers are a significant source of air pollution. Electric-powered mowers, which don't produce such emissions, are usually a cleaner choice, although generating the power to run them has its own environmental costs. Some localities sponsor lawn mower exchange programs if you want to trade in an old gas guzzler for a newer electric model. For the greenest option, choose a person-powered manual mower, possibly coupled with a scaled-down lawn.
 Mower Muter
 Another problem with many gas mowers is that they're very loud - about 106 decibels, which is earsplitting enough to cause permanent hearing loss over time. Noise this loud can also increase fatigue, cause irritability, decrease attention, raise blood pressure, and contribute to sleeping problems, even after the ruckus stops. Plus, in a typical suburb, the sound carries for a quarter mile or more, creating noise pollution for the whole neighborhood. Electric mowers tend to be quieter, and manual ones are quietest of all. If you do use a loud mower, wear protective earplugs or earmuffs, sold at pharmacies and hardware stores.
 Avatar from "The Artwork of Catherine Darling Hostetter"
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 Re: Mow, Mow, Mow Your Lawn
 Gardening is good exercise and relaxing. I have set up a few birdhouses and enjoy watching the activity (I don't feed the birds, no need to, unless you want to attract rodents).
 My Honeysuckle Vine needs a trim; the fragrant blooms are heavenly! Sparrows are nesting in there, so I will wait till late winter/early spring to prune, as recommeded.
 Picture posting test, not sure if they will show up. Didn't mean for the pics to be this big....I've got to get some instruction with this stuff :) It takes forever for pics to load with IE, but with Chrome they show up faster.
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echo - write arguments to standard output
echo [string...]
The echo utility writes its arguments to standard output, followed by a . If there are no arguments, only the is written.
The echo utility shall not recognize the "--" argument in the manner specified by Guideline 10 of the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines; "--" shall be recognized as a string operand.
Implementations shall not support any options.
The following operands shall be supported:
- A string to be written to standard output. If the first operand is -n, or if any of the operands contain a backslash ( '\' ) character, the results are implementation-defined.
[XSI] On XSI-conformant systems, if the first operand is -n, it shall be treated as a string, not an option. The following character sequences shall be recognized on XSI-conformant systems within any of the arguments:
- Write an .
- Write a .
- Suppress the that otherwise follows the final argument in the output. All characters following the '\c' in the arguments shall be ignored.
- Write a .
- Write a .
- Write a .
- Write a .
- Write a .
- Write a backslash character.
- Write an 8-bit value that is the zero, one, two, or three-digit octal number num.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of echo:
- Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)
- If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.
- [XSI] Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
- Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
- [XSI] Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
The echo utility arguments shall be separated by single s and a shall follow the last argument. [XSI] Output transformations shall occur based on the escape sequences in the input. See the OPERANDS section.
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
The following exit values shall be returned:
- Successful completion.
- An error occurred.
It is not possible to use echo portably across all POSIX systems unless both -n (as the first argument) and escape sequences are omitted.
The printf utility can be used portably to emulate any of the traditional behaviors of the echo utility as follows (assuming that IFS has its standard value or is unset):
The historic System V echo and the requirements on XSI implementations in this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are equivalent to:printf "%b\n" "$*"
The BSD echo is equivalent to:if [ "X$1" = "X-n" ] then shift printf "%s" "$*" else printf "%s\n" "$*" fi
New applications are encouraged to use printf instead of echo.
The echo utility has not been made obsolescent because of its extremely widespread use in historical applications. Conforming applications that wish to do prompting without s or that could possibly be expecting to echo a -n, should use the printf utility derived from the Ninth Edition system.
As specified, echo writes its arguments in the simplest of ways. The two different historical versions of echo vary in fatally incompatible ways.
The BSD echo checks the first argument for the string -n which causes it to suppress the that would otherwise follow the final argument in the output.
The System V echo does not support any options, but allows escape sequences within its operands, as described for XSI implementations in the OPERANDS section.
The echo utility does not support Utility Syntax Guideline 10 because historical applications depend on echo to echo all of its arguments, except for the -n option in the BSD version.
First released in Issue 2.
In the OPTIONS section, the last sentence is changed to indicate that implementations "do not" support any options; in the previous issue this said "need not".
The following new requirements on POSIX implementations derive from alignment with the Single UNIX Specification:
A set of character sequences is defined as string operands.
LC_CTYPE is added to the list of environment variables affecting echo.
In the OPTIONS section, implementations shall not support any options.
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XCU/TC1/D6/21 is applied, so that the echo utility can accommodate historical BSD behavior.


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Disk encryption is part of the University's security initiatives to protect institutional data and is designed to encrypt all the contents of a hard drive such as data files, applications settings, executables, applications and the operating system.
You will need to follow these quick instructions when disk encryption is remotely activated on your computer by Information Technology:
- A Sophos Device Encryption dialog box is displayed. Follow the on-screen instructions to define a PIN and then restart your computer (NB: although you can close this dialog box, it will re-appear the next time you restart your computer):
- The PIN must be between 8 and 20 characters.
- The PIN can include upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Do not use any special characters or accented characters in your PIN as you may have difficulty entering these when starting your computer.
- The PIN should not be the same as the password used to login to your computer.
NOTE: Once you have set a PIN, it will be required every time you restart your computer.
- The software will begin to encrypt your entire disk the first time you restart your computer after choosing your PIN. You may continue to use your computer as you normally would while your disk in being encrypted.
If you forget your PIN
To prevent being locked out of your computer, Information Technology recommends that you contact the Service Desk if you've entered your PIN 5 times unsuccessfully.
If you cannot remember your PIN, you will not be able to access your computer. Please contact the Service Desk at _PHONE_ extension 6555.


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Wages, Productivity, and the Dynamic Interaction of Businesses and Workers
This paper exploits a new matched universal and longitudinal employer-employee database at the US Census Bureau to empirically investigate the link between firms' choice of worker mix and the implied relationships between productivity and wages. We particularly focus on the decision making process of new firms and examine the role of both learning and selection. Our key empirical results are: (i) We find substantial and persistent differences in earnings per worker, output per worker, and worker mix across businesses within narrowly defined industries, which remain even after controlling for other observable characteristics. (ii) We find that new businesses exhibit even greater heterogeneity in earnings and productivity than do mature businesses, but that they adjust to the mature business pattern as they age. The adjustment process, while different for earnings and productivity, is consistent both with firms learning as they age and with the exit of mistake' prone firms. (iii) The dynamics of the reduction in productivity heterogeneity of new firms as they age is both complex and very different from the dynamic reduction of earnings heterogeneity.
Haltiwanger, John C. & Lane, Julia I. & Spletzer, James R., 2007. "Wages, productivity, and the dynamic interaction of businesses and workers," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 575-602, June. citation courtesy of


Q. Is it permitted during Shabbos to open or increase the water dripping into a humidifier connected to the heating furnace. The warm air rushes by a metal net or mesh, that spreads the droplets of water into the air exiting the furnace and it evaporates into it. The temperature of the air at that point is less than 40 C. Is this allowed?
Is it permitted to add water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, that has some water but needs more to keep working the whole day?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in regard to adding water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, in case of need it is permitted, since it is already working and no bishul or cooking of the water is involved.
However, regarding the humidifier units connected and feeding moisture to a hot air furnace, although some furnaces at some points of their heating cycle may indeed be forcing air that is bellow 40 C at the area next to the humidifier, most heating units are way above that temperature when close to the ignited area and usually the humidifier unit is adjacent. Therefore, the Rov maintains that during Shabbos no changes should be done to the amount of water entering the unit. Nevertheless, it is permitted during Yom Tov.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a


Sodium and Potassium Balance and Their Relation to Nutrient Intakes in Young Adult Men and Women
 - Kim, Eun-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
 - Choi, Mi-Kyeong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University)
 - Published : 2010.03.31
This study was conducted to investigate sodium and potassium balances, as well as correlations among the relating factors in adult males and females. We collected blood, urine and feces samples as well as a dietary intake survey from 50 subjects. Then, we analyzed the sodium and potassium contents in blood, urine and feces, and evaluated their state of balance. The average ages of the study targets were 24.7 years old for males and 22.8 years old for females. The daily energy intake by the males was 1733.4 kcal and by the females was 1570.3 kcal. Sodium intakes were 138.3 mEq and 127.5 mEq for males and females, respectively. Potassium intakes were 43.1 mEq and 49.3 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of sodium through urine were 136.6 mEq by males and 97.0 mEq by females and the excretions through feces were 2.2 mEq and 2.0 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of potassium through urine were 20.2 mEq and 16.5 mEq by males and females respectively, and the excretions through feces were 7.7 mEq and 7.5 mEq male to female. The retention rates of sodium were 11.7% and 14.1% male to female, respectively, and the apparent absorption rates were 98.5% and 97.8%. Additionally, the retention rates of potassium were 32.9% and 39.8% and the apparent absorptions were 81.9% and 81.3%, both male and female. It was noted that, overall, the sodium intake of adult males and females is still higher than the recommended daily sodium intake, while the potassium intakes and excretions were found to be lower. Based on the results of this study, nutritional guidance and education is recommended to encourage decreased sodium intake and increased potassium intake, according to recommended standards.
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