can
 check the "New Server Window" checkbox and press the OK button.
 Added "New Server Window" menu item to options toolbar button
 holding down the Shift key when you select a server from the
 popup menu.
 Added multi-server dialog to connect/options dialog.
 New commands and identifiers:
 $cid - returns server connection id for current script
 $wid - returns window id for current script
 $status - returns server connection status. Also returns
 "closing" during the on disconnect event if the
 status window being closed is the cause of the
 $activecid, and $lactivecid.
 You can also specify a property which is a command name
 and it will be called using that server connection.
 /scid <-rsatM | N> [command], where N is a $cid value
 /scon <-rsatM | N> [command], where N is the Nth connection
 original id for that script.
 -a - perform the command on all connection ids.
 -tM - where M is an or'd value of 1 = server connected,
 The command is only performed if N matches the connect
 status of the connection id.
 you want the identifiers to be evaluated in the target
 connection, you must pass them as $!identifier to prevent
 them from being evaluated first in the current connection.
 Also added new properties to $window():
 .type - returns window type name
 and $timer():
 .cid - server connection id
 .wid - window id
 .hwnd - window handle
 and connects, -n creates new server window without connecting.
 Misc. notes:
 Windows whose server connection has been closed are placed
 at the end of the switchbar list. This includes things like
 DCC send/get/chat, and custom windows.
 server connections, DCC sends/get/chats, etc.
 The tray icon displays the animation for the current active
 server connection, same goes for the Connect toolbar button,
 and File menu.
 Each server connection has it's own /play list, and the play
 dialog shows the play list for the current active connection.
 Urls list "Send To" menu, and Tray popup menu, show the network
 and nickname for each status window.
177.Added /timer -i switch, makes a timer auto-associate with the
 currently active server connection.
 /timer now shows the associated network name for a timer.
178.on PLAYEND is now triggered at the end of each played file.
179.Extended /ignore, /protect, etc. handling.
 Changed display format in Control dialog listbox.
 /ignore -l now displays the unignore time.
 /ignore -l, when you're not connected to a server, lists all
 ignores. When connected, it lists all ignores that apply to
 that connection.
 Also note that isaop, isavoice, isignore, and isprotect all
 apply to the current connection.
180.Added /window switches:
 When a _USER_ is created, it is automatically associated
 with the current connection. If that connection is closed,
 the _USER_ is associated with the next available connection.
 You can change this behavior with /window -ivz:
 -i - makes a _USER_ dynamically associate with the currently
 if this setting is active.
 -v - closes window when associated status window is closed
 The on close event is triggered for the window.
 If this switch isn't used and the status window is
 and is associated with the first available status window.
 -z - places window button at end of switchbar
181.The. prefix now makes /debug quiet. Extended /debug to allow
 output to a custom _USER_ or filename.
 /debug -c off closes associated _USER_
 /debug -n _USER_ opens _USER_ minimized
 /debug -pt wrap or timestamp text
 /debug N _USER_ use color N for text
 $debug returns name of debug file or _USER_.
 /debug now works independently for each server connection,
 indents lines if not wrapped, and prefixes each line with
 the server address, and <- and ->.
 /debug _USER_ now also works with listbox _USER_.
182.Active switchbar button now uses bold text and shaded background.
183.Using new path-splitting routines which affect eg. $nopath().
184.Auto-tile/cascade/arrange are no longer triggered when you close
 a desktop window.
185.Fixed switchbar/toolbar display glitch when mIRC window is sized
 to a very small height.
186.Fixed $findfile() bug when handling wildcards with numbers.
187.$chan is now filled for the on ctcpreply event if it was a channel
 ctcp message.
188.Ctcp messages that use an invalid format are now treated as plain
 text, and will trigger script events.
189.Added "Control+Tab uses switchbar order" to General dialog.
15/06/2001 - mIRC v5.91
1.Fixed $eval() bug.
2.Link control in custom dialogs triggers sclick event again.
3.Fixed $var() bug.
4.Fixed /channel display info bug.
5.Standardized on the word 'color' in identifiers and commands, and
 in the help file.
6.For Undernet servers CHANTYPES is now set to #&+ by default.
7.Fixed install program always creating desktop shortcut icon.
8.Fixed mIRC taskbar icon being redisplayed in some situations after
 you've minimized mIRC to the tray.
9.Fixed function keys not working in non-joined channel window if
 "keep open" switch is turned on.
10.Fixed tab completion not working with $? and $input properly.
11.Fixed /userhost not updating IAL.
12.Added ctcp and whois protection options, and queue op commands
 option, to Flood dialog.
13.Fixed window icon highlighting when switchbar is turned off.
14.Added support for numeric 005 NETWORK=name token (not supported
 by any servers at this time) which tells the IRC client the name
 of the IRC network it's connected to, eg. NETWORK=DALnet.
15.Fixed status window log filename not being updated when a new day
 begins and you have when the "log by day" option enabled.
16./font can now handle quotes around font name.
17.Fixed script editor dialog 64k limit bug.
18.Fixed Info section not working in address book if you typed in
 a nick and pressed the ctcp ping, etc. buttons.
19.Fixed the way /dialog and $dialog() windows are centered around
 other windows.
20.Fixed numeric 433 triggering script twice if nickname in use.
21.Fixed dir -b not displaying bytes in fileserver.
22.Added "Method" and "Notify list" options to Nick color list Add
23.mIRC now supports servers that send a /names list which contains
 a full nick!id@host format in the reply, enables mIRC to fill the
 IAL on joining a channel (no servers do this yet, so this hasn't
 been tested).
24.Fixed fserve max cps feature not being turned off if set to zero.
25.Fixed $rand() behavior.
26.Can now /filter blank lines by specifying $crlf for matchtext.
27.Added "Use query for notify nicks" option to IRC dialog.
28.Fixed switchbar right-click popup menu bug.
29.Fixed $readini() not handling filename enclosed in quotes.
30.When you have the "keep channel open" option enabled, mIRC now
 clears the nicklist if a channel window is open but not joined.
31.The listbox in the Control dialog is no longer sorted.
32.Fixed $regsub() not returning original text if there were no
 substitutions, and not handling backreferenced values correctly
 when global modifier is used.
33./tokenize now correctly resets all $N to $null if no parameters
 are specified.
34.Can now use $style() in custom dialog menu definitions.
35.Added Up/down buttons to Control dialog to allow re-arranging
 of listbox entries.
36.Fixed Control+H scroll bug.
37.Improved the way $null is handled in scripts.
38.mIRC now reroutes text to the status window if it can't display
 text in the current window, eg. a picture _USER_.
39.Added $window().ontop property.
40.Fixed Line marker bug when text buffer reached maximum buffer
 size in Options/General dialog.
41.Fixed font size bugs, relating to positive/negative font sizes,
 in /font, $width(), $height, $wrap(), /drawtext, /window, etc.
42.Fixed $readini() bug when used without the -n switch.
43.Added "Blink icons" option to Display dialog, blinks switchbar
 icons for channel/query windows if there's a message/highlight
 event, or a flash event.
44.Fixed!$identifier not prefix bug.
45.Fixed editbox bug in 16bit mIRC under win3.x.
46.Added /drawrect [-d] x y w h [w h], draws rounded rectangle,
 must specify width and height of ellipse used to draw corners.
47.Notify no longer triggers on a nick change if nick has only
 changed case.
48.Added "monitor file changes" option to Editor


text:
European Painting before 1900, Johnson Collection
Allegory of Sight (Venus and Cupid in a Picture Gallery)Made in Southern Netherlands (modern Belgium), Europe
Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish (active Antwerp), 1601 - 1678
Oil on copper
Cat. 656John G. Johnson Collection, 1917
LabelJan Brueghel the Younger, the oldest son of Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568–1625), worked in a similar painting style to his father and followed his father's practice, which included depicting art galleries of both existing and imaginary collections. This allegory of sight, likely one in a series of the five senses, shows how art collections were assembled to reflect both the wealth and the learning of their owners. Venus examines herself in a mirror, surrounded by a lavish array of the man-made and natural objects that filled princely studios.
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Deerns will give advice concerning new-build projects and renovation of existing systems. From an escalator in a shopping centre to the design of an entire transport hub, such as airport terminals or public-transport hubs.
Deerns' particular challenge consists of the optimisation of passenger flows.
Important aspects in our design recommendations include:
- The logistic flows
- Installation and type of escalators
- Moving walkways and/or ramps
- The civil-engineering environment.
An escalator or ramp is a diagonal transport system with steps or pallets that move up or down. A moving walkway, on the other hand, is a horizontal system, often made up of pallets, which is especially suitable in situations where longer walking distances need to be covered, like in airports or above-ground or underground railway stations. Because of their intensive use, and the required safety and reliability as a result, strict requirements are made of these systems. An advantage of escalators as opposed to lifts, for example, is the greater transport capacity and the absence of waiting times.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
If you've recently had a baby, you'll be well aware of how fast a pack of wipes disappears between regular poops, pees and blowouts. Wipes are also handy for cleaning up other messes, dirty fingers and anything where once upon a time, you may have simply used a cloth.
Many mothers worry about whether it's a good or bad idea to use wipes for wet nappies. It's a good question, and the answer is that there's no reason you have to use them at every change. Some of the reasons include:
- Most diapers are ultra absorbent – very little urine gets on baby's skin.
- Urine rarely irritates the skin – unless there is an existing health issue.
- Commercial wipes contain a range of chemicals. Overuse can lead to skin sensitivity.
A common myth, however, is that urine is sterile. This actually isn't true; just as with anything excreted by the body, urine contains a range of bacteria and microorganisms. However in a healthy child, this isn't an issue.
The main reason to use wipes is to dry the skin; if it's damp too often and for too long, it can get irritated or develop a rash. If the skin is dry and there are no other issues present, there's no reason you have to use a wipe. If urine is starting to irritate the skin, use a product such as Sudocrem as a barrier to any liquid. If you prefer, you can also use a wash cloth or give your baby a bath, rather than always using wipes.


text:
Eliminating the photographer
Photographing artwork is a subjective business. The photographer has to make aesthetic decisions on lighting and the angle from which the picture is taken, based on his or her aesthetic instincts. But accurate representations of paintings and sculptures are important for scholars, collectors and other art lovers who view them in books, museum archives and on websites.
To get around the problem of subjective photography, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has awarded a grant of $855,000 to the Rochester Institute of Technology and the colour scientist Roy Berns. The scientists will use maths to build a system that photographers can use in situ to eliminate subjective decisions.
The main part of the project will be to build an instrument that can capture information about an object's geometry and colour and measure how these depend on lighting. This involves reducing the painting or sculpture to its most basic optical blueprint, and stripping it of any attributes that are down to subjective perception. Additional instruments that can gather information on the gallery's shape will also be developed later on in the project. Using mathematical models from computer graphics software, the piece of art can then be rendered as it is when viewed in real life, bypassing any input of the photographer.
You can find out more in the RIT press release.
posted by Plus @ 1:29 PM


BBC Home
Explore the BBC
Last Updated: Friday February 27 2009 13:54 GMT
Magnets used to confuse crocs
Crocodile with magnets attached
Crocodiles are posing less of a threat to people in Florida after scientists found an unusual way of distracting them: strapping magnets to their heads!
Researchers say crocs use the Earth's magnetic field to help them get around so having magnets on their heads makes them lose their sense of direction.
The technique is being tried to try to make streets safer in places near crocodile homes, like the Everglades.
That's because simply moving the crocs from residential areas doesn't work.
Experts say crocodiles are extremely territorial and some have been known to travel up to 10 miles a week to get back to the places they were captured.
To try to stop that, when a croc is caught in a residential area conservation workers are moving them deeper into the swamps before releasing them with magnets taped to their heads.
'Valuable creatures'
Lindsey Hord, of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, said: "We put the magnets on when they're captured and since they don't know where we take them, they're lost."
"Crocodiles are unique and valuable creatures and we feel like we have a responsibility to live with these animals as much as we can."


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
A hole saw used in surgery to remove a circle of tissue or bone.
- 'The instrument for this is still called a trephine.'
- 'The only difference in processing of the BM core and clot was decalcification of the trephine core biopsy.'
- 'An instrument that acts like a cookie cutter, called a trephine, cuts a precise circular shape.'
- 'The bone marrow aspirate was similar to the trephine, with 15% of blasts showing monocytoid differentiation together with an absolute monocytosis and mild dyserythropoiesis.'
- 'In 2 cases, a bone marrow trephine biopsy was also available for examination.'
Operate on with a trephine.
- 'The invention relates to a method and apparatus for trephining corneal tissue in preparation for keratoplasty.'
Early 17th century: from Latin tres fines 'three ends', apparently influenced by trepan.
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


text:
July 24, 2012
Any positive integer can be represented as the sum of one or more non-consecutive fibonacci numbers. For instance, 100 = 2 + 8 + 89. Note that 100 can also be written using fibonacci sums as 89 + 8 + 2 + 1 or 55 + 34 + 8 + 3, but those use consecutive fibonacci numbers (2 + 1 for the first representation, 55 + 34 for the second). Belgian mathematician Edouard Zeckendorf proved that such a representation is unique.
Zeckendorf representations can easily be found by a greedy strategy. Start with the largest fibonacci number less than the target number. Then choose the largest fibonacci number less than the remainder after subtracting the first number. And so on, stopping when the remainder is a fibonacci number itself.
Your task is to write a function that finds the Zeckendorf representation of a positive integer. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
Pages: 1 2


What is the flamenco?
What is the flamenco?Flamenco is a form of dance and music practised in Spain. It evolved over gypsy, Moorish and Latin American influences, the latter being the effect of its colonization of the American continent for four centuries. It combines instrumental music and dance in three settings, namely, small scale cabaret, concerts and theatres. It may use flute or saxophone, or guitars and a dancing pattern that evolved over the centuries. The theatrical presentation is a ballet.
Check Also
Alwar Festival
Alwar Festival in Rajasthan
The charismatic town Alwar is the gateway of Rajasthan. It is also known as the …


text:
Sense About Science and NIHR launch new practical guide for Public Engagement
7 November 2017
Public Engagement - case study Public Engagement - report
Sense About Science, work with researchers on many of the most sensitive subjects - some fraught with misunderstanding - to improve the communication of their research findings. They only undertake such partnerships where there are high stakes for the public and communication is difficult. Communicating the survival statistics of children's heart surgery at different treatment centres in 2016 was among the toughest of these, with potentially major consequences for all involved. It is a using this experience as a case study, funded by the National Institute for Health Research, that has been used as the basis of this new practical guide.
The guide sets out a five-step guide to involve the public in communicating research, so co-designing research communications:
It doesn't cover how to involve publics in the shaping of research itself, but points to resources if that's what you're looking for.
Each chapter is dedicated to looking at each of the five steps in turn and provides an overview of the sorts of questions or steps to help you contextualise the steps within your own area of interest, whilst also providing annotated examples of how these were done for different projects, but significantly through looking through the lens of Dr Christina Pagel, a mathematician at UCL, from writing her grant to update the formula used to take into account the complexity of surgical cases in monitoring hospitals that carry out children's heart surgery through to developing a website to communicate the research and its significance.
Worth a read-through for anyone thinking of doing user-testing and audience consultations - especially if communicating tricky or complicated topics is at the heart of your work.


text:
Take the physics out of the classroom with Sensor Tools
Sideric Sensor Tools is an iPhone app that lets students perform classroom physics experiments using their own smartphones.
Sensor Tools uses inbuilt sensors and internet connectivity to turn the phone into a personal instrument for physics experiments, collaboration, and learning.
Version 1.2 includes two modules:
- Motion Tracking - for capturing, analyzing, and plotting the motion of, e.g., a falling ball or a glider on an air cushion track.
- Light Refraction - for analyzing the refraction of light from one medium to another and determining the index of refraction.


text:
Richard Rutt (_PHONE_) was the former bishop of Leicester in the U.K. "The Knitting Bishop," as Serenity Knitting called him, was taught to knit by his grandfather, the village blacksmith. Rutt was a missionary in Korea for 20 years, where he lacked yarn for knitting and took up Asian history instead. Once back in England, he started knitting again and even knitted his own miter (the pointy hat bishops wear). His book A History of Hand Knitting was published in 1987.
A History of Hand Knitting has many interesting tidbits of history in it. Did you know there are methods of making fabric structures that are more ancient than knitting: nalbinding and sprang? If your friends think you are geeky for knitting, wait until you tell them you've taken up nalbinding.
Then there's the legend about shipwrecked sailors from the Spanish
Armada teaching the people of Fair Isle (off the coast of Scotland) how
to knit with more than one color at a time. It's unlikely that the
technique was learned from sailors, but still interesting to wonder what
passed between the 17 native families and the 300 sailors of the ship
El Gran Grifon who were, in fact, stuck on Fair Isle for 6 weeks.
I also liked hearing about all the literary references to knitting in literature: Shakespeare's Gentlemen of Verona, Tolstoy's War and Peace, Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities, Thackeray's Vanity Fair, Daniel deFoe's The Life and Adventures of Captain Robert Singleton, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, Elizabeth Gaskell's Cranford, and Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse. Knitting appears in art, as well: check out the Knitting Madonnas set of photos on Flickr, some of which also appear in the book.


text:
though not encouraged, under the guideline's present wording. As a matter of policy, the USCG has interpreted the existing language of the STCW guidelines as a sufficient basis for substituting time spent in ship-bridge simulator-based courses for sea-time remission ratios up to 6 to 1.
The application of a specific ratio (such as 6 to 1) implies that a judgment has been made that each day of the simulator-based training course(s) specified is equal to six days of on-the-job experience aboard ship. The USCG has extended the remission policy to include, within certain limits, portions of the minimum one-year sea time required by the STCW guidelines.2
During this study, the committee could find no strong support among mariners or employers for the desirability of remission of sea time. The committee also found that most groups were skeptical and ambivalent about the current policy. Pilot groups explicitly criticized the policy and recommended that it not be applied to pilots under any circumstances. This lack of support implies that, before additional measures are taken to increase sea-time remission, answers should be sought to the questions of whether, or to what degree, and under what terms and conditions simulation should be substituted for a sea time in the professional development and qualification of mariners. The following discussions address these questions by considering unresolved issues, application of systematic approach in the development of criteria for decisions to grant remission of sea time, and potentially useful applications of remission of a sea time.
Chapter 2 through 4 discuss current simulator-based training and its applications to mariner skills improvement and professional development. There is, however, a basic, and quite important, distinction between the use of simulators as training tools and the use of simulator-based training for granting remission of sea time. Thus far, simulator-based has been discussed in this report primarily in the context of a supplement to existing training practices. In the application of simulator-based training to the remission of required sea time, however, simulator-based training becomes a substitute for on-the-job skills and knowledge acquisition.
The STCW guidelines are currently undergoing extensive revision, including major changes with respect to the use of simulation in the professional training of mariners. The draft revisions retain the three-years minimum sea-time requirement, the option for substituting training for two years of the requirement, and the minimum one-year sea-service requirement. The thrust of the proposed revisions is that the one year of sea service is an onboard requirement, although there may not be an absolute prohibition on the substitution of "equivalent" training. The final wording of the revisions, when adopted by the IMO, will need to be assessed to determine its effect on current and prospective remission policies and practices.


text:
Stop Surviving and Start Living
You were born to thrive!
You can do more than just survive. Because of the price Jesus paid, each believer has been given access to a world of abundance: Heaven itself. For too long, society and even some of the church have believed we are defined by our surroundings-we are what happens to us. This belief has produced a rampant identity crisis. However, once we understand who we truly are and who God truly is, we open the door for limitless living.
In Thrive: Stop Surviving and Start Living, you will learn:
- How to thrive in every circumstance
- How to access Heaven's abundant resources
- The beauty of your new identity
- How to walk as a citizen of Heaven in this life
- How to connect with God and hear His voice
- How beliefs shape the way you live
- How a lifestyle of worship changes everything
According to Jeremiah 17, when we trust the Lord, we become a mighty tree rooted in the rivers of heaven that can withstand even the harshest conditions. We no longer have to rely on the world around us to provide us nourishment-we have been filled with Living Water, the very presence of God, enabling us to stay well-watered in every moment. Stop living a withered life. Tap into the streams of Heaven and start thriving!


text:
Browse the Template Center to find a pre-made template or create templates from your most frequently-used items.
What you'll need
- Templates are available on every plan.
- Guests can access Doc, task, view, checklist, and Whiteboard templates.
Create a template
Save tasks, Docs, and views as templates to apply an established format to new Workspace items.
Use the Template Center
The Template Center is a library of both pre-made templates and templates you've saved! You can also find templates created by members of your Workspace or the ClickUp community.
Customize a template
Customize an existing template to keep your workflows current.
Create and apply tags to organize your templates. You can filter the Template Center by tags to find a specific template.
You can also filter templates by department or creator. In the upper-right corner of the Template Center, click the Departments or Create By dropdown to filter.
Add a preview image to a template
You can add preview images to templates that are in your Template Center library to give your teammates a clue about the template's use case.
To add a preview image:
- Open a template.
- Click browse and select a file or drag and drop a file into the preview area.
Set a default task template for a List
Remap dates when applying templates
When you create a Space, Folder, or List template, you can choose to save their tasks' start and due dates when setting the template Import options.
When you apply the template, you can choose to use the original task start and due dates or remap them. Instead of manually updating every task, all your tasks will be updated when the template is applied.
Remap subtask due dates
Enable the Remap Subtask Due Dates ClickApp to automatically change subtask due dates by the same amount their parent task is changed.
For example, if you move the parent task due date back five days, all subtask dates will also be moved back five days.
Template Center Activity Log
View the templates you have created, merged, and applied in your Workspace.
Templates are merged when applied to an existing task.
To access the Activity log, from the Template Center:
- In the left sidebar, click Activity Log.
- Browse the templates you've created, merged, and applied throughout your Workspace.
To find specific template activity, from the Activity Log:
- Click the column headings to sort template activity.
- Search for specific templates using the Filter at the top right.
To troubleshoot templates using the Activity Log:
- Hover over error in the status column to see why the template wasn't created, merged, or applied.
- Hover over the date & time value for each item in the Activity Log to see how long it took to create, merge, or apply the template.
- The first timestamp is when the activity started, and the second timestamp is when the activity was completed.


Is India Falling into the Malthusian Trap?
April 30, 2008 • News
The connection between Malthus and India are twofold. For one, the country provided the fitting final stage to re-enact his theory on divergent growth pattern between population and foodgrain production even as late as the 1960s, when India was plagued by booming population growth and a diffident growth in food production.
However, there was a more tenuous connection between the economist and Indian economic history. Malthus was the first professional economist by training to teach at the college founded at Haileybury in England by the East India Company to train its young administrators on the rudiments of economic theory.
For Full article, visit:
Current World Population
Net Growth During Your Visit


TY - JOUR T1 - Family-Companion: analyse, visualise, browse, query and share your homology clusters JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/266742 SP - 266742 AU - Cottret, Ludovic AU - Briand, Martial AU - Rancurel, Corinne AU - Carrere, Sébastien Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - Identifying homology groups in predicted proteomes from different biological sources allows biologists to address questions as diverse as inferring species-specific proteins or retracing the phylogeny of gene families. Nowadays, command-line software exists to infer homology clusters. However, computing and interpreting homology groups with this software remains challenging for biologists and requires computational skills.We propose Family-Companion, a web server dedicated to the computation, the analysis and the exploration of homology clusters. Family-Companion aims to fill the gap between analytic software and databases presenting orthologous groups based on a set of public data. It offers a user-friendly interface to launch or upload precomputed homology cluster analysis, to explore and share the results with other users. The exploration of the results is highly facilitated by interactive solutions to visualize proteome intersections via Venn diagrams, phylogenetic trees, multiple alignments, and also by querying the results by blast or by keywords.Family-Companion is available at _URL_ with a demo dataset and a set of video tutorials. Source code and installation protocol can be found at _URL_ A container-based package simplifies the installation of the web-suite. ER -


Is Dark Chocolate Vegan? Usually, But Not Always!
is dark chocolate vegan
If you are new to the vegan diet, you will have probably questioned whether dark chocolate is vegan-friendly. Dark chocolate is made from cocoa beans, harvested from cocoa trees. Therefore, it easy to assume it passes the vegan test but that may not always be the case.
In this article, we answer the question: "Is dark chocolate vegan?"
What's in Dark Chocolate?
is chocolate vegan
The process of making chocolate is what determines if the final product is vegan-friendly or not.
The basic principle of making chocolate is the same regardless of the cocoa bean species. With the help of factory machinery, the cocoa beans are made into chocolate. Depending on the bean species there will be a few varying details during the production process.
Dark chocolate is naturally a plant-based treat. It is made from cocoa beans that come from cocoa trees.
Unlike other chocolates, i.e. milk and white chocolate, dark chocolate constitutes a high percentage of cocoa. It is also usually devoid of products such as toffees, caramel, and milk typically found in other types of chocolates.
For dark chocolate to qualify as vegan, there should be no animal products in the ingredients list. The usual ingredients found in dark chocolate are cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla, cocoa, and, occasionally, soy lecithin.
However, every now and then, manufacturers will add fillers such as artificial flavoring and food starch. The addition of these products makes that particular chocolate non-vegan friendly.
The higher the cocoa percentage the purer the dark chocolate. If you are vegan, it is important to review the ingredients list on the dark chocolate you intend to consume. This is because some dark chocolate may contain milk derivatives such as casein, milk fat, and whey.
If you are vegan, look out for dark chocolate containing any milk derivatives and cholesterol. Both of these products come from animals. Also, if the package has the statement "contains milk" as an allergen disclaimer it would be wise to avoid it.
Is it Vegan or Not?
Here comes the good news:
Yes, dark chocolate is (generally) vegan.
However, because not all dark chocolates are made equally, always verify the ingredient label. This will ensure that you do not consume chocolate that contains milk or animal-derived fillers.
There are several different types and degrees of veganism, each with varying dietary preferences. Checking the ingredients list will help you identify which dark chocolate is ideal for your dietary preference.
Additionally, there are a few chocolate brands that have a Certified Vegan Logo. The presence of the logo on a bar of chocolate means that it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is also a confirmation that the chocolate does not contain any form of dairy in its ingredients.
Vegan-Friendly Dark Chocolate
The good news for chocolate-loving vegans is there are several brands that make delectable dark chocolate suitable for a vegan diet.
Lake Champlain Chocolate, for example, makes high-quality dark chocolate by using ethically sourced non-GMO ingredients. Their dark chocolate treats would effortlessly pass the vegan test.
Other vegan dark chocolates you can consider include, Newman's Own, Fanny May, Green & Black's and Trader Joe's. All these brands have organic dark chocolate suitable for vegans.
Marion is a Kenya-based freelance writer who covers a wide range of topics from politics and business to health and nutrition.
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text:
I have two objects, A and B, and I need help to solve the following problem about the collision resolution order:
A and B are moving with the same speed, and they don't move both at the same time
- A tries to move to where it should be, and I do the collision test
- A collision is detected, and A is moved outside of collision
- Then B moves after this, and a gap appears between then
I tried resolving the collision of A by discouting the velocity of B, but this fails if B collides on it's path, and A moves inside of it.
Are there any algorithm that can solve this problem? And also when working with multiple objects moving in a row just like A and B.
Also, my objects don't have any mass or elasticity, they are supposed to just move and get out of collision using simple AABB.


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As the hospitality industry becomes increasingly digitalized, the need for remote data monitoring has become essential. Data Harbor's remote monitoring systems provide an innovative solution for hotels and resorts to remotely monitor and analyze their data, enabling them to make informed decisions in real-time and make immediate adjustments when necessary.
Hotels and resorts can remotely monitor water, gas and power levels and utilization, inventory levels, customer feedback, HVAC, Legionella, environmental levels, employee performance and much more, all from one centralized location. Our systems help optimize operations while providing valuable insights that can be used to enhance customer experience. A Data Harbor monitoring system is an indispensable tool for any hospitality business looking to stay competitive in today's digital age.
Remote Data Monitoring For Hospitality
Data Harbor's remote monitoring systems provide numerous benefits for hospitality including:
- Real-time data insights: A Data Harbor system allows hotels and resorts to receive real-time insights into their operations. Control their data and make informed decisions faster, optimizing operations and improving customer experiences.
- Cost savings: By tracking utility consumption, inventory levels or occupancy and engagement status remotely, hotels and resorts can reduce waste and minimize inventory costs, resulting in significant savings over time.
- Enhanced customer experience: Data Harbor's remote monitoring helps hospitality convert customer feedback and preferences into tailored offerings and services to meet the needs of their guests.
- Improved employee performance: Monitoring employee performance remotely can help hospitality identify areas for improvement and provide targeted training to improve employee productivity.
- Increased operational efficiency: With Data Harbor's remote data monitoring, hotels and resorts can streamline their operations by tracking key performance indicators in resource consumption, identifying bottlenecks, and making adjustments to improve overall efficiency.
- Scalability: Data Harbor's systems allow hotels and resorts to scale their operations as needed, providing valuable insights into performance across multiple locations and markets.
Utility Monitoring for Hospitality
Data Harbor's systems enable granular data visibility and remote real-time controls over utility status and consumption.
- Real-time monitoring: Remote data monitoring enables hotels to monitor utility usage in real-time, providing the essential data they need to optimize their utility consumption and avoid wastage.
- Predictive analytics: By analyzing historical data, Data Harbor's systems can provide resorts with predictive analytics, allowing them to forecast their future utility needs and plan accordingly.
- Automated controls: Remote monitoring systems can be integrated with automated controls, such as smart thermostats, which can adjust temperature settings based on occupancy and weather conditions, reducing energy consumption and costs.
- Equipment monitoring: Daa Harbor's systems can be used to monitor the performance of HVAC, lighting, and other equipment, allowing hotels to identify inefficiencies and optimize energy consumption.
- Alerts and notifications: Data Harbor's platform can be set up to send alerts and notifications when utility usage exceeds predefined thresholds or when equipment malfunctions, enabling our clients to respond quickly and minimize waste.
- Benchmarking: Data Harbor's monitoring systems can be used to benchmark utility usage across different locations and against industry standards, allowing hotels to identify areas for improvement and optimize their consumption.
PROJECT: Gaylord Palms Resort
Learn how Data Harbor's remote data monitoring system helped this large resort manage costs and improve safety
Monitor and control energy consumption through sensors, smart thermostats, and lighting control systems.
Monitor security systems, access control, and video surveillance remotely.
Fire Safety Systems
Monitor fire safety systems, including fire alarms, smoke detectors, and sprinkler systems.
Track hotel assets such as furniture, fixtures, and equipment through RFID or other asset tracking technologies.
Monitor and manage inventory levels of supplies, linens, and other items used in guest rooms and common areas.
Monitor waste collection and disposal, reducing waste production, and optimizing recycling.
Guest Room Automation
Automate guest room systems such as lighting, temperature, and entertainment systems to enhance the guest experience.
Kitchen and Restaurant Management
Monitor and control kitchen equipment such as ovens, refrigerators, and freezers.
Monitor laundry machines' usage and status, including washers, dryers, and other laundry equipment.
Monitor parking occupancy, automate parking control systems, and manage parking reservations.
Monitor and control the guest's safety through wearable technology and emergency response systems.
Monitor for Legionella and create alerts to ensure the safety of your guests and staff
A Remote Data Monitoring provider like Data Harbor offers much more than a system and hardware, we bring a higher level of support which makes the ultimate difference in success. Data Harbor is different because of our customization planning and incredible focus on client requirements.


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Exfoliation in Coquihalla Valley
April 22, 2003
The photo above show a classic example of exfoliation. The u-shaped Coquihalla valley in British Columbia, Canada was carved by glaciers tens of thousands of years ago. As the overlying glacial material was removed, the rocks that had formed underneath the massive ice-sheet "rose up" (isostacy) and tried to expand. Isostacy is also known as "glacial rebound." Rocks, of course, aren't very flexible so instead of expanding, their outer layers are peeling off like onion skins -- the process of exfoliation.


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A simple, cost-effective and portable device, shaped like a torpedo, has been successful in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Victoria and is now being rolled out overseas.
Dubbed the Torpedo Passive Sampler and the 'sewage submarine', it was developed by researchers at Monash University's Department of Civil Engineering, in partnership with a consortium of universities and industry locally and internationally.
The sampler is constructed of cotton buds, medical gauze swabs and lab grade electronegative membranes encased in a narrow, 3D-printed shell, and can detect the coronavirus on an individual lot or in a suburb or city.
Lead researcher David McCarthy, an Associate Professor of Engineering at Monash University, said the portability and size of the 'torpedo' means health authorities can narrow down the areas where people are likely to be shedding the virus.
"Above all, the 'torpedo' is cheap — roughly $20 each compared to more than $5000 for an automatic sampler such as HACH SD900 — easy to use, and provides more consistent results than other sampling methods," he told create.
How it works
Researchers began by developing something that looked like a little boat, but quickly realised that, because of its width, the device caught a significant amount of material in the sewage.
"It became quite clear that the shape had to be more [like a] tear drop," McCarthy said.
"Then we slowly came to the conclusion that we needed a bullet shape — one that almost acted like a torpedo in the water."
The Torpedo Passive Sampler is simply thrown into a sewer for between 24 and 48 hours and tied off using a rope that is attached to an anchor point. It then acts almost like a fishing net, absorbing traces of the SARS-COV-2 virus as it passes.
McCarthy said there is evidence it also absorbs E. coli, Bacteroides HF183, FRNA coliphages and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus.
The device is weighted so that it sinks during low flows but, during high flows, becomes resuspended in the water column. The water flows through the device by specifically designed holes at the front, which allows water to penetrate, but not too much toilet paper.
In the initial study, the passive samplers were placed across eight study sites in Victoria, from systems that collected the wastewater of 260 residents and staff near an aged care facility, to Melbourne's largest sewage treatment plant that pools wastewater from more than two million residents.
As the intellectual property is open, the 3D-printing files can be shared with governments and health professionals across the world. More than 2500 have been issued across Australia and to New Zealand, Canada, the United States and the Netherlands and, soon, Indonesia.
"There are now a lot of new ideas now about how to use passive sampling, or rather these torpedo devices," McCarthy said.
"We have begun using them to detect sewage cross connections in stormwater drains, and have recently finished a trial of detecting illegal sewage dumping into stormwater drains.
"We have also begun using them in larger creeks and rivers, to begin understanding the sources of faecal contamination in these waterways."
McCarthy the discovery is ground-breaking because it can fundamentally change the way we detect critical virus spread in the community, and help with targeted healthcare actions.
"Plus, we can also offer these solutions to communities globally that are in desperate need of cheap and easy to use methods to help curb the spread of this virus," he said.
The idea for developing passive sampling technology for monitoring COVID-19 in wastewater initially came from Melbourne Water's Dr Nicholas Crosbie, who in turn was inspired by the work of Dr Brendan Moore (inventor of the so-called 'Moore Swab' in 1948).


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Tropical Plants of Costa Rica
A Guide to Native and Exotic Flora
Photographs by Turid Forsyth
Ranging from miniature epiphytic orchids to towering trees, and from mangrove forests lining coastal waterways to high-elevation cloud forests, Costa Rica's rich and varied flora dazzles visitors and botanists alike. Tropical Plants of Costa Rica, the first popular treatment to include plants from all regions of the country, is an indispensable guide to native and exotic species found in the neotropics.
This book is beautifully illustrated with more than 540 full-color photographs taken in the field, each depicting an entire plant or a closer view of flowers, fruits, or seeds. Instructive pen-and-ink drawings of botanical details also accompany many of the accounts. The text clearly explains each plant's identifying characteristics and reveals fascinating facts about its natural history, chemical properties, economic importance, and medicinal and other uses. Sidebar features throughout the book highlight conservation, ethnobotany, and ecology; their topics include unusual applications for plants, distinct attributes of certain plant families, and plants of particular microhabitats. Tropical Plants of Costa Rica is a wonderful resource for naturalists, students, and researchers, as well as both experienced and first-time visitors to Costa Rica and the American tropics.


UK population sees sharpest rise in nearly 70 years
The UK population has registered its sharpest annual rise in almost 70 years, new official figures have shown.
A total of 65.6 million were thought to be living in Britain at the end of June 2016, according to latest data released by the Office for National Statistics.
The number of inhabitants rose by 0.8%, equating to 538,000 people, the largest increase in population since the year to mid-1947.
Officials at the ONS said that net immigration into the UK remained the main driver of population growth.
There was also a rise in births and fewer deaths.


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Skip to Main Content
The focus of this survey is on research in applying evolutionary and other metaheuristic search algorithms to automatically generating content for games, both digital and nondigital (such as board games). The term search-based procedural content generation is proposed as the name for this emerging field, which at present is growing quickly. A taxonomy for procedural content generation is devised, centering on what kind of content is generated, how the content is represented and how the quality/fitness of the content is evaluated; search-based procedural content generation in particular is situated within this taxonomy. This article also contains a survey of all published papers known to the authors in which game content is generated through search or optimisation, and ends with an overview of important open research problems.


Personal control: an important psychological resource in difficult times
A new study by Nguyen et al. (2020) looks at the extent to which a sense of personal control can protect people's well-being in difficult times.
Personal control can come under pressure in difficult times
In times when many people are struggling, such as when economic inequality is on the rise, people's sense of personal control can come under pressure. Personal control is the feeling that there is a clear relationship between your behavior and what is happening in your daily life. When this sense of personal control is under pressure, people can experience arbitrariness and chaos that can greatly diminish their well-being. When personal control is threatened, people can resort to external or internal resources.
How do we avoid a sense of randomness and chaos?
Two theories (the compensatory control model and the system justification theory, respectively) postulate that there are two known external resources that people can resort to as compensation for a lack of personal control, namely God and government. By relying on these systems, people would hope to escape a sense of arbitrariness and chaos. Various psychological theories, such as the self-determination theory (SDT), state that people can derive a sense of personal control from internal resources and that this is related to well-being. In particular, SDT is about the fulfillment of the basic needs for autonomy and competence.
Personal control vs. faith in God and trust in government
Nguygen et al. conducted a study in which they tried to answer two questions. The first question was, is there a unique role for personal control over and beyond faith in God and trust in government? The researchers expected this to be the case. The second question was, is personal control only related to well-being in rich, developed countries (which generally have a more individualistic culture)? The researchers expected that personal control would be more closely related in countries with lower GDP and higher economic inequality.
They examined data from nearly half a million people from 104 countries over the period from 1981 to 2014. The variables they included in their research were religious belief, trust in government, personal control, happiness, health and satisfaction with one's own life, some control variables, GDP and the Gini coefficient. The table below lists some of the important results they found.
Personal control strongest predictor of well-being
This table shows that religious belief, trust in government, and personal control all predicted happiness and satisfaction with life. The general health of the citizens was also predicted by trust in government and personal control, but not by religious belief. Religious belief only predicted greater health and buffered the negative effect of income inequality on health in the prosperous economies, but showed negative correlations with health in poor economies. Furthermore, it is noticeable that personal control provided significant and independent predictive value above and beyond belief and trust in government and was consistently the strongest predictor of all three aspects of well-being.
The relationships between personal control and trust in government with well-being outcomes were consistently positive at different levels of countries' GDP and Gini. Personal control also fulfilled a compensatory function by buffering the negative effect of income inequality in prosperous economies.
Psychological resource available to everyone in difficult times
This research shows that the freedom to make decisions and control your life is an important psychological resource, and something that people of any walk of life can rely on, even in difficult times.


Getty Images
The History of Pointe Shoes: The Landmark Moments That Made Ballet's Signature Shoe What It Is Today
Pointe shoes, with their ability to elevate a dancer both literally and metaphorically to a superhuman realm, are the ultimate symbol of a ballerina's ethereality and hard work. For students, receiving a first pair of pointe shoes is a rite of passage. The shoes carry an almost mystical allure: They're an endless source of lore and ritual, with tips, tricks and stories passed down over generations.
The history of pointe shoes reveals how a delicately darned slipper introduced in the 1820s has transformed into a technical tool that offers dancers the utmost freedom onstage today.
1730s: Marie Camargo Invents the Ballet Slipper
A lithograph of Camargo in a floral gown and heeled shoes with one leg lifted
Marie Camargo
Courtesy Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library
During ballet's creation in the courts of Europe, dancers wore heeled shoes in line with the era's aesthetic. In the 1730s, Paris Opéra Ballet dancer Marie Camargo was the first to remove her shoes' heels, forging the way for the soft slipper we know today. "Camargo is the transitional point between a heeled shoe and pointe shoe. She is the ballet slipper," says Linda Murray, curator of the Jerome Robbins Dance Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. The slipper allowed Camargo to perform leaps and fast allégros that were not possible in heeled shoes, expanding movement vocabulary for ballerinas.
1790s: Charles Didelot's Flying Machine
In the late 18th century, Charles Didelot, a Paris Opéra Ballet dancer-turned-choreographer, invented a wire rigging that allowed dancers to "fly" onstage. The apparatus lifted dancers up onto their toes before they flew. "His ballet Flore et Zéphire introduced the idea of weightlessness," says Murray. "From a choreographic perspective, this is the first notion of what it means to dance on pointe."
1820s–1830s: Marie Taglioni and the Romantic Ballerinas
Lithograph of Taglioni in a dress covered in flowers and pearl jewelry and wings, standing on pointe in a low arabesque
Marie Taglioni in La Sylphide
Courtesy Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library
In 1823, the Italian dancer Amalia Brugnoli introduced pointework to ballet audiences, rising up to the tips of her toes in Armand Vestris' La Fée et le Chevalier. Brugnoli wore lightly stitched square-toed satin slippers, and had to use her arms and a visible amount of effort to get up on her toes. Nevertheless, she inspired the other dancers of the day, including Marie Taglioni, to practice the technique. In 1832, Taglioni became the first to dance a full-length ballet on pointe when she premiered La Sylphide, choreographed by her father, Filippo Taglioni. "Marie Taglioni gets the credit and the blame for introducing pointework," says Eliza Gaynor Minden, the head of design behind pointe shoe company Gaynor Minden. For Taglioni, rising up on pointe was more than just a stunt; she used her shoes—tight-fitting, darned, leather-soled satin slippers tied with ribbons—to convey character and emotion. Other Romantic-era ballerinas, particularly Fanny Elssler, who excelled at fast footwork, pushed pointework even further in the years that followed.
1870s–1890s: Italian Shoes Set the Imperial Standard
Sarah Lane in pink Aurora costume in a pass\u00e9 with one arm in the air onstage
American Ballet Theatre's Sarah Lane in Alexei Ratmansky's reconstruction of The Sleeping Beauty
Rosalie O'Connor, Courtesy American Ballet Theatre
Later in the 19th century, Italian shoemakers developed reinforced pointe shoes with stiff boxes made from newspaper, flour paste and pasteboard. The shoes' cardboard insoles were reinforced with leather. "The Italian ballerinas were able to do more bravura steps on pointe, including sustained balances and multiple pirouettes," says Minden. Italian dancers traveled to Russia, where ballet was extremely popular in the imperial courts, and ultimately influenced Marius Petipa to incorporate pointework into his ballets. He used it to help define his characters, such as Princess Aurora in The Sleeping Beauty, whose long balances demonstrate her poise.
1910s–1930s: Anna Pavlova and Capezio
Black and white photograph of Anna Pavlova in a white swan tutu standing in fifth position on pointe with her arms crossed at her heart
Anna Pavlova in 1905
Herman Mishkin, Courtesy the Museum at FIT
Early-20th-century prima Anna Pavlova had very high, unstable arches, so she put leather soles inside her pointe shoes and hardened the box for more support. When she made her first trip to the U.S. in 1910, Pavlova had her company outfitted in shoes made by the Metropolitan Opera shoemaker Salvatore Capezio, thereby launching the first international pointe shoe brand. While Pavlova helped bring pointe shoes into the modern era, her shoes still had a very rounded toe and narrow vamp, making them much less stable than those worn today. "Footage of Pavlova even shows that she's sort of rocking on her toes the entire time she's on pointe," says Murray.
Close up photo of old heavily darned pointe shoe
Anna Pavlova's heavily darned shoe
Courtesy The Museum at FIT
1920s–1980s: The Shoe Adapts to Abstraction
Reichlen, in pink tights and a black leotard with a black belt, stands in a wide fourth position with her arms in the air.
New York City Ballet's Teresa Reichlen dancing Balanchine's 1946 The Four Temperaments
Paul Kolnik, Courtesy NYCB
Throughout the 19th century, the main purpose of the pointe shoe was to serve a ballet's narrative, distinguishing the mortals from supernatural fairies and sylphs. "But in the 20th century, particularly with the emergence of the Ballets Russes and then George Balanchine, you start to see an interest in pushing the vocabulary of ballet instead," says Murray. Over the next several decades, innovators from Bronislava Nijinska to William Forsythe expanded the physical limitations of ballet technique, leading to a demand for a stronger, more supportive shoe. Designs like the flat, platform box we are familiar with today were developed to give dancers more control.
1990s–Today: New Materials and Methods
Full page ad of two photos of Gillian Murphy with a quote below, and pink Gaynor Minden logo
Gillian Murphy in an early Gaynor Minden ad
Courtesy Gaynor Minden
In recent years, scientific approaches to pointe shoe construction and training have helped the shoe adapt to contemporary choreographic demands. In 1993, Gaynor Minden launched a shoe inspired by the shock-absorption found in athletic footwear, opening the door for other designers to experiment with modern materials to improve shoes' durability and fit. Emerging research in dance medicine has also made pointework safer. Dr. Sue Mayes, director of The Australian Ballet's pioneering Artistic Health program, collects data on all musculoskeletal complaints in the company, and she advises that proper fit for shoes is paramount to injury risk reduction. "The foot needs room to expand and contract to allow the shoe to act as a spring," she says, "We encourage dancers to be reassessed every year, even as adults." Mayes also stresses that proper preparation, gradual reintroduction of pointework after a break from dancing, and full leg strengthening can allow a dancer to perform on pointe without fear. "The last thing we want is for a dancer to feel cautious onstage."
Mayes adjusts the foot of a dancer sitting on a massage table in a studio.
Dr. Sue Mayes working with dancers at The Australian Ballet
Kate Longley, Courtesy The Australian Ballet
Beyond "European Pink"
Two Black dancers in silver tutus put on satin pointe shoes
Ballet Black dancers Cira Robinson and Marie Astrid Mence model Freed's line.
Tyrone Singleton, Courtesy Ballet Black
In the early 1970s, Dance Theatre of Harlem began customizing the company dancers' tights, pointe shoes and ribbons in shades of brown to match their skin tones. The effect was revolutionary for classical ballet. But it isn't until recently that pointe shoe manufacturers have started releasing shades that reflect the diverse skin tones of the ballerinas wearing them. Gaynor Minden released a collection of inclusive satin shades in 2017. The following year, Freed of London followed suit, in collaboration with the London-based dance company Ballet Black. And in the midst of June 2020's nationwide protests demanding racial justice, brands Bloch, Russian Pointe, Capezio, Nikolay, Grishko and Suffolk jumped on board, promising expanded lines released within the year. These options have helped free dancers from pancaking their shoes to match their skin tones, which can be costly and time-consuming. Most importantly, redefining what a pointe shoe looks like breaks down a long-outdated construct and makes ballet more accessible and welcoming to all


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New York City's sewage treatment plants will now be in the business of harvesting and selling renewable energy. Heating fuel will be extracted from sludge, butanol (a gasoline alternative) extracted from the algae that grows in wastewater and, of course, methane gas will be captured from sewage plants' digesters.
The city's residents create 1.3 billion gallons of wastewater daily, which results in a daily yield of 1,200 tons of sludge being sent to landfills. The city is looking for vendors to turn that sludge into renewable energy, fertilizer, and paving and building materials. City officials plan to have contracts by 2013.
The city sewage plants already use half of the methane produced by the digesters to provide about 20 percent of the electricity used by the plants, but now they'll be putting the rest on the market. The Newtown Creek Wastewater Plant in Brooklyn already has a contract in the works with National Grid that will provide enough methane gas to heat 2,500 homes.
The city is also looking to build solar and wind installations at its wastewater treatment plants on Staten Island.
via NY Times
written by Asaf Shalgi, February 12, 2011
written by David Guion, April 26, 2011
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As has been mentioned before, birders in the northeastern states and Maritime Provinces have been on alert for two European thrushes: Redwing (Turdus iliacus) and Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris). Why on high alert? An unusually frigid winter in northwestern Europe and the UK, particularly around the New Year, drove incredible numbers of these thrushes to the extreme western limits of Britain and Ireland. As Dave Brown mentions, this situation could only increase our chances of finding one of these vagrants on this side of the pond.
Here is a brief (and certainly incomplete) summary of the status of these two thrushes in the New World:
REDWING (Turdus iliacus)
The Redwing breeds from Greenland east to Siberia and winters in southern Eurasia and northern Africa. The Greenland population was supposedly just established in the 1970s, indicating current westward expansion, and this population apparently continues to grow. Redwing is increasing in North America, with most records occurring over the past 7 years. For instance, the species has been an annual winter visitor to Newfoundland over the past 5 years, sometimes with multiple birds present in a year.
Closer to here, records include:
New Brunswick – 3 (Jan 2001, Mar-Apr 2003, Nov 2004)
Nova Scotia – 1 (Nov-Dec 1989)
Pennsylvania – 1 (Feb 2005)
New York – 1 (Feb 1959)
Rhode Island – 1 (Dec 2005)
FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris)
Fieldfares are another widespread Eurasian breeder with a small population on Greenland, but in contrast to the Redwing, the Greenland breeders are apparently declining. No worries though…the species is doing well overall. Newfoundland has seen a drop-off in records over the past decade.
Here are records closer to home:
New Brunswick - 3 (1991, Feb-Apr 1997, Jan-Mar 2001)
Nova Scotia – 1 (couldn't find the date)
New York – 1 (Feb 1973)
Massachusetts - 1 (Apr 1986)
Compare the dates of the Redwing records to those of Fieldfare, which mimics the trend in Newfoundland (Redwing UP, Fieldfare DOWN).
As the Latin names reveal, these two birds are very closely related to American Robin (Turdus migratorius). So it is not surprising that most North American records come from Robin flocks.
I decided to post this now because, although winter's grip will be loosening over the next several weeks, we are right in the heart of the "European thrush season."
Here's the month-by-month breakdown, counting the ENTIRE duration of stay:
Nov – 2
Dec – 2
Jan – 2
Feb – 5
Mar – 3
Apr – 3
And here's the month-by-month going solely by months in which the birds were FOUND:
Nov – 2
Dec – 1
Jan – 2
Feb – 4
Mar – 1
Apr – 1
Sure it's a small sample size, but it may be legit. Here are a couple theories: 1) Perhaps these birds (and the Robins they're with?) continue to move south through the winter as food supplies are depleted, reaching their southernmost point during the late winter. Or, 2) The first real thaws often occur during this time (for example, avg high temp here in CT rises 6 °F through Feb after reaching a nadir in Jan)…and during this time wintering Robin flocks become more visible by feeding on open lawns and fields.
While jogging around here one evening last week I noticed several small Robin flocks heading in the same general direction. I followed them via car to a roost site on private property. This evening I got around to asking the landowner for permission to observe the roost, which he graciously granted. While I was there I estimated about 600 Robins coming into the roost. I may have undercounted, as my chosen vantage point was not optimal. While not the largest Robin roost ever recorded (not even close…), it holds potential and I'm hoping to check on that roost again later this month. I only got a good look at about half the individuals as they came in.
If you happen to run into a flock of robins, take a close look at each one to ensure there's not a Redwing or Fieldfare hiding in plain sight amongst them.


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to the following:
- 1. Larger economies tend to trade more with one another
- 2. Economies which are closer together tend to trade more with one another
Although the role of an economy's size (GDP) is well-understood and has theoretical underpinnings, the role of distance is less understood. Despite this, the relationship has proven stable over time and across studies.
Chaney (2018) suggests that distance may actually be a well-behaved proxy for the cost of creating contacts (i.e. between suppliers and customers). He argues that although distance alone may not be enough to explain an individual firm's exports at any given time (i.e. transport and communication technologies and the political environment matter), it may be sufficient to explain trade in the aggregate.
Since we are interested in the trade of a single good (single malt) as opposed to the sum of hundreds or thousands of goods, these aggregate determinants may hold less relevance. Instead, sector-specific determinants may be more relevant (e.g. alcohol consumption). There may also be more inherent volatility and less stability in the relationships between these determinants and observed trade flows of a single good.
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zaterdag 9 februari 2019
In the style of Burton Morris
You need:
 1. several colours construction paper
 2. black cardboard 20 by 20 cm
 3. coloured cardboard 20 by 20 cm
 4. scissors
 5. glue
 6. black thick marker
During our USA trip in the summer of 2009, I visited in the Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, There I saw the artwork of Burton Morris for the first time: five paintings of cola bottles in pop-art style surrounded by light blue bubbles. So beautiful! Now I found a way to do this in school. And I think I'm the first blogger with a Morris lesson!
Burton Morris (Pittsburgh, 1964) is an American pop-art artist. He is influenced by pop-art artists from the 60's and 70's, like Warhol, Lichtenstein and Haring. Now he is one of the most famous modern post pop-art artist. Morris's work shows a contemporary twist to traditional pop-art. His work is cheerful, energetic and colourful. His characteristic lines with the bright colours give his work a fantastic energy. Morris's work is known of tv-series like Friends and also appears in major advertising campaigns by U.S. companies like AT & T, Pepsi and Heinz.
Show artwork of Morris on the digital board. Discuss the features: bright colours, black outlines, little detail, movement by little lines, white lines that suggest light and the distinctive black star shape around or in much of his work. Students are going to make an artwork in the style of Burton Morris with the subject: Valentine's Day.
Step 1. Take two colours cardboard: black for the edge and one colour for the background. take a construction paper for the big heart.
Step 2. Cut the edges of the background cardboard sloping away, to make a sort of rug. You have to cut at least 1 cm around.
Step 3. Cut a large heart from the second coloured cardboard. Cut white 'light lines' from a white sheet for on and around the big heart.
Step 4. Cut some smaller hearts from several colours of construction paper. Cut white 'light lines' and paste them on the little hearts; all on the same side.
Step 5. Paste the big heart on the coloured cardboard. Paste the light lines on the heart and around it.
Step 6. Cut long triangles from the sides of the rug, the 'flashy stripes'. Paste the rug on the black cardboard.
Step 7. Paste the small hearts around the big heart; you may k de kleine hartjes rondom het grote hart, where you can go over the triangles. Outline the small hearts with a black marker.
Step 8. Cut the black background away, leaving about 2 mm on the edges.
Step 9. Paste the work on a coloured sheet (A4 size) and cut it into a square.
Made by students of grade 4 and 5
11 opmerkingen:
 1. Just a quick note to let you know that a link to this post will be placed on CraftCrave today [03 Feb 12:00am GMT]. Thanks, Maria
 2. Thanks for introducing a new artist to my repertoire - great ideas!
 3. What a wonderful idea--I love it!! Thank you for sharing.
 4. Zo leuk! Ook een interessante artiest! Ik probeer dit vandaag uit :-)
 5. Thank you for this great project. I will be doing this with my older group tomorrow
 6. A lovely project which my class thoroughly enjoyed - we credited you!
 7. Thank you for the great lesson. I did it in 5th grade today and it was a huge hit!
 8. Thank you! My students loved this and we are the talk of the school!


Lesbian Poetry Retrospective Part II
As our first poetry retrospective revealed, it is challenging to compile a comprehensive list of great lesbian and bisexual poets — and the reason is a good one: There are a wealth of choices from all around the world, and from different moments in history.
Certainly there are plenty more that deserve to be featured here, but these next 10 poets continue to show the diversity and brilliance that exists within the category of "lesbian and bisexual poetry."
Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) (1886–1961)
Bisexual poet Hilda Doolittle, known as H.D., is celebrated for her avant-garde style, which distinguished her from the more sentimental nature of the late Victorian era, and for her contributions to the imagist movement.
Leaving her Pennsylvania roots, H.D. traveled to Europe to develop her voice and to start her literary career. She was engaged to fellow poet Ezra Pound at one point, though the relationship was complicated when she became involved with a woman named Frances Josepha Gregg.
Throughout her life, H.D. continued to have affairs with both men and women, though her long-term partner was Annie Winifred Ellerman. The consequences of her relationship with Ellerman were significant, and the women referred to each other as "cousins" to prevent suspicion.
H.D. explored her relationships with women more in her novels (published posthumously) than in her poetry. Nonetheless, her sexuality was a significant source of inspiration for all of her work.
The following poem was published in Hymen in 1921.
"At Baia"
I should have thought
in a dream you would have brought
some lovely, perilous thing,
orchids piled in a great sheath,
as who would say (in a dream),
"I send you this,
who left the blue veins
of your throat unkissed."
Why was it that your hands
(that never took mine),
your hands that I could see
drift over the orchid-heads
so carefully,
your hands, so fragile, sure to lift
so gently, the fragile flower-stuff–
ah, ah, how was it
You never sent (in a dream)
the very form, the very scent,
not heavy, not sensuous,
but perilous—perilous—
of orchids, piled in a great sheath,
and folded underneath on a bright scroll,
some word:
"Flower sent to flower;
for white hands, the lesser white,
less lovely of flower-leaf,"
"Lover to lover, no kiss,
no touch, but forever and ever this."
More you may like


text:
Midwest states see biggest output growth over year-earlier levels, boosted by higher per-cow production.
Dairies in the 23 major producing states churned out 1.7% more milk in December 2012 than a year earlier, boosted by higher per-cow production, USDA reported today in its December milk production report.
Milk output totaled 15.7 billion pounds last month, while production per cow rose 30 pounds over year-earlier levels to average 1,848 pounds. For 2012, cow numbers increased to 9.231 million head over 2011's 9.194 million.
Analysts called the report bearish, saying it exceeded their production projections.
Output increases were largely seen in Midwestern states. Among them:
- Wisconsin, up 5.5% over year-earlier levels to reach 2.343 billion pounds;
- Minnesota, up 4.4% to 786 million pounds;
- Michigan, up 5.5% to 762 million pounds;
- Indiana, 4.6% to 317 million pounds.
The biggest year-over-year percentage increases were seen farther west: Kansas output jumped 10% to 241 million pounds while Colorado's milk production increased by 6.3% to 272 million pounds.
Western states saw lower or flat production from December 2011 levels. California, still the nation's milk-producing leader, fell 2.3% to 3.416 billion pounds. Milk output in New Mexico and Arizona dropped.3% each, to 674 million pounds and 375 million pounds, respectively. Washington increased only.4% to 515 million pounds.
Total U.S. milk production in all states during December was up 1.6% over December 2011.


text:
The documentation has moved to _URL_
Here you can find how to apply the general models we trained for you. If you would like to train your own general model, please see our extra wiki page: How to train your own general model.
Our general models can be found and downloaded here: Download and Installation.
If you followed the installation instructions, you now have to activate the cryolo virtual environment with
source activate cryolo
You can use crYOLO either by command line or by using the GUI. The GUI should be easier for most users. You can start it with:
The crYOLO GUI is essentially a visualization of the command line interface. On left side, you find all possible "Actions":
Each action has several parameters which are organized in tabs. Once you have chosen your settings you can press [Start] (just as example, don't press it now ), the command will be applied and crYOLO shows you the output:
It will tell you if something went wrong. Moreover, it will tell you all parameters used. Pressing [Back] brings you back to your settings, where you can either edit the settings (in case something went wrong) or go to the next action.
In the GUI choose the config action. Fill in your target box size and leave the train_image_folder and train_annot_folder fields empty.
There are three general models available. It is important that you choose the same filtering options in "Denoising options" tab as we did during training the general models. In the following are the filtering settings that we used for the respective general models:
In the configuration file, the field "anchors" is optional during prediction. That means, you don't to define a box size during prediction, as crYOLO does a size estimation internally. This is of advantage for automated pipelines. You can simply delete the entry in configuration file. This should not affect the picking quality. The estimated size is still contained in.cbox files. Coordinates in EMAN and STAR format are written with a box size of 0 in that case.
In crYOLO, all particles have an assigned confidence value. By default, all particles with a confidence value below 0.3 are discarded. If you want to pick less or more conservatively you might want to change this confidence threshold to a less (e.g. 0.2) or more (e.g. 0.4) conservative value in the "Optional arguments" tab.
However, it is much easier to select the best threshold after picking using the
CBOX files written by crYOLO as described in the next section.
When this option is activated, crYOLO will monitor your input folder. This especially useful for automation purposes. You can stop the monitor mode by writing an empty file with the name "stop.cryolo" in the input directory. Just add –monitor in the command line or check the monitor box in in the "Optional arguments" tab.
After picking is done, you can find four folders in your specified output folder:
To visualize your results you can use the boxmanager:
As image_dir you select the
full_data directory. As box_dir you select the
CBOX folder (or
EMAN_HELIX_SEGMENTED in case of filaments).
CBOX files contain besides the particle coordinates more information like the confidence and the estimated size of each particle. When importing.cbox files into the box manager, it enables more filtering options in the GUI. You can plot sizeand confidence distributions. Moreover, you can change the confidence threshold, minimum and maximum size and see the results in a live preview. If you are done with the filtering, you can then write the new box selection into new box files. The video below shows an example.


Regular backgroundProfessionally made DVDs, such as Hollywood movies, often incorporate audio and video on the menu screens. Most consumer DVD-authoring apps will let you do the same. For example, your menu can play a song, display a short scene looping in the background, and even play video clips inside the menu buttons that link to the video file itself.
Faded background
Production Notes
 - The audio and video used in multimedia menus require space on your DVD. If your project consists of a lot of data, such as large video files, you may have to compress your video so everything will fit on the disc.
 - If your video is over 80 minutes or so, adding lots of audio and video menus will require you to compress your project more than recommended. The result could be a noticeable degradation in quality.
 - When adding background audio to a DVD menu, keep the duration over a minute. Shorter clips are more repetitive and can quickly become annoying.
 - When inserting a video background, make sure it doesn't obscure other menu elements. If the background is busy or full of colors, you may have to fade or brighten the video clip slightly to ensure that buttons and other menu text are easy to see.
 - Like the special effects you can add to your videos, menu animations can be very irritating when overused. Don't use these effects just because you can. And when you do include animations, make sure the effect is aesthetically pleasing and matches the tone of the underlying video.


Railways, gov't, farmers must share info, resources
The inadequacies of Canada's grain logistics system are costing prairie farmers at least $1 billion and likely much more this year.
When looking only at Canada's record 1.14 billion bushel wheat crop, insufficient shipping capacity puts prices in Canada at a $1 per bushel discount to the United States, where transportation is less of an issue this year.
Western Canada's grain transportation issue is not only a problem of inefficiency. It is also a problem of capacity and to solve it will require investment in railways, highways and ports.
Canada's export economy is increasingly oriented toward the Pacific. The federal government recognizes this and has spent money on improving transportation corridors. However, the need is greater.
The federal Conservatives believe a good way to support farmers is to increase access to foreign markets and invest in market development.
However, that effort goes to waste if Canadian farmers can't get their products to market.
That is the case this year. The railways are moving a near record amount of grain, but it still falls short of the demand.
Grain companies have ordered 40,000 rail cars that the railways have been unable to deliver. Under ideal conditions, the railways move about 10,000 grain cars a week, so that is a four-week backlog.
The results include depressed grain prices, wide basis, lack of farmer cash flow, demurrage charges at port, unhappy customers and a tarnished reputation.
It is good that Ottawa is contributing $1.5 million to a $3.2 million industry-led effort to create efficiencies in the agriculture supply chain over the next five years.
When announcing the investment, agriculture minister Gerry Ritz spoke of a "new normal" in the demands on the grain transportation system. This year's crop is a record bin buster, but advances in crop genetics and the demand pull from Asia could mean that what is exceptional now is routine in the future.
It is not just agriculture demanding more from railways. Coal, minerals and container traffic are all rising, not to mention the boom in the controversial movement of petroleum products by rail.
Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway each plan to spend about $1 billion in 2013 to replace aging infrastructure and invest in increased capacity.
However, it appears that more money must come from somewhere to allow even more funds to be spent on rail improvements. One possible way is to let the free market have a greater role in rail grain movement.
The western grain revenue cap will likely be a target of discussion, but it might be hasty to assume that a regulation that allows the railways a return on investment and that is tied to inflation is an impediment to increased movement.
Government investment in rail infrastructure is tricky. Unlike publicly owned highways and airports, the rails are privately owned. And the railways are posting good profits.
Nevertheless, given their vital role in the economy, government might have a nation-building role to leverage increased investment in rail, particularly if it also holds the railways more accountable for performance failures.
In the meantime, the agricultural industry must make the most efficient use of available resources. Better information dissemination about grain company export programs and freight expectations would help the transportation sector know what demands it will face.
Grain companies should also consider ways to better employ the underused eastern Thunder Bay shipping route.
Government could increase the limit on its cash advance program.
And farmers could build more storage, which would allow them to use market tools to be paid to hold their grain.
As a result, there would be less panic selling in situations like today.


text:
Seniors at Greensboro Day School participate in a self-designed Senior Project during the last four weeks of the school year. The Senior Project provides students with the opportunity to utilize the skills they have acquired during their GDS education and explore existing passions or career possibilities before entering college. They are able to intern with non-profit organizations, government agencies, and businesses located in Greensboro, out of town, and even internationally. Seniors can also choose to work with artists, chefs, surgeons, scientists, financiers, and myriad other professionals, learning what motivates their mentors in their everyday work. The projects encourage students to practice effective written and oral communication, solve real-world problems, and learn independently.
The Senior Project is the capstone experience of a GDS education. The program is designed to address the following desired results for student learning that the faculty has established as important goals for all Greensboro Day School students:
- Effective reading and research skills
- Effective written and oral communication skills
- Collaboration and leadership skills
- Real-world problem-solving
- Creativity and entrepreneurial spirit
- Independent learning and self-knowledge


Advent Calendar of Castles: 7th of December: Helmsley Castle
helmsley3helmsley-2helmsley1The original castle at Helmsley was built in the early 12th century by Walter Espec who also founded the spectacular Rievaulx abbey which you can see nearby. The original castle would have most likely been a wooden and earth structure. It was built in stone later in the 12th century, and the de Roos family modernised it. The earth works you see today date largely from the original castle and are unusual in that they are surviving medieval ring works, as in they literally ring the castle and continue to do so today.
The exceptionally tall east tower was built by Robert de Roos at the end of the 12th century, although it was added to in the 14th century to make it taller and more of a status symbol. Also in the 14th century the rooms on the first floor were probably converted into a private chamber, possibly for the use of the visiting Edward III. The castle passed briefly into the hands of Richard III, when he was Duke of Gloucester, when the de Roos family sold it to him in 1478. When he died at Bosworth in 1485 Henry VII gave it back to the de Roos.
Helmsley faced its greatest challenge during the civil war when it was held for King Charles and endured a three month siege. Ultimately Crowell's men were victorious and they blew up the east tower, literately splitting it in half. This is the state it remains in today. The east tower is only part of the castle as more domestic buildings have been added as the years went past.
The castle came into the hands of the Duncombe family and they lived there until the 18th century when they abandoned it. During the 18th and 19th century they used the remaining buildings for a manor court and social functions, including renting part of it to the local lawn tennis club. The castle came into the hands of the State in 1915.
Site visit 2012
The photos are all mine
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Behavior During Niddah
Behavior During Niddah
Behavior During Niddah
The time when the woman is niddah is a time of abstinence of all physical
contact. It is a time where the loving relationship between the couple
should find expression in non-physical ways, such as greater sensitivity
towards one another, consideration and giving. In addition to abstinence
from sex, the halacha dictates certain other practices from which the
couple should refrain, so as not to lead to temptation to physical
1. From the onset of a woman's menstrual period certain behaviors which
cause the couple to be physically or passionately close together are
forbidden. Not following these laws is very serious as it is expressly
forbidden to come close to those with whom it is forbidden to have sexual
2. These rules apply equally whether she is actually bleeding or is
counting seven clean days–they apply as long as she has not properly
3. When the woman is niddah it is forbidden for the couple to behave
frivolously with one another. Joking around is expressly forbidden. Of
course, the couple should not be cold or nasty towards one another.
Arguments should be avoided if possible.
4. Even the slightest physical contact is absolutely forbidden.
Additionally, they may not pass each other objects from one hand to
another, as that might lead to inadvertent physical contact. One should
also not touch the clothes of their spouse (while they are being worn)
when the woman is niddah. (There is no restriction regarding clothing
which is not being worn.)
In situations where it is difficult for the couple to not work together
(eg. taking the baby carriage down from an apartment, etc.) the couple
might hold the long object together taking maximum precautions that they
will not touch.
5. It is permissible to throw things from one to another. However, it is
commendable to be strict in this matter, and not to throw directly from
one to another.
6. There are those posqim who allow the couple to pass their child from
one to another when the woman is niddah, and there are those who
disagree. It is commendable to be stringent in this matter.
7. It is permitted for the couple to give one another gifts during when
the woman is niddah, even though it increases the emotional attachment of
the couple.
8. When the couple sits down to eat at their normal places they should
have a reminder on the table to remember that she is niddah. This is
similar to two familiar people eating milk and meat on the same table
where a reminder is used to prevent them tasting from one another's food.
A cup which is not being used may be put in between them as reminder or a
small bowl of fruit. If one uses a place mat and the other does not it is
also considered a reminder. Basically, anything which reminds them that
they must not eat from one another's plate is suitable.
Of course, this law only applies when the couple is dining alone.
However, if they are dining with other people there is no need for any
such reminders. Likewise, if they are eating alone, but on opposite ends
of a long table there is no need for the reminders.
9. He may not drink from what remains in her cup, since this is a sign of
affection. However, if the liquid were poured into another glass it is
permitted for the husband to drink it, even if he then poured it back
into the original glass. Additionally, if she drank half of the glass he
may fill it up and drink the remains.
10. If another person drinks from the cup after the wife drank, the
husband is allowed to drink from the cup.
11. If she drank from a glass and has left the room, the husband can
drink from her glass. He can continue drinking even if she returned to
the room, while he was in the process of drinking from her cup. This law
applies also if she turned to another side of the room and does not
notice him drinking rom her cup.
12. If a woman drank from a glass and her husband does not know, she need
not inform him. If, however, he knows that she drank from the glass but
he does not know that she has become niddah, she must inform him.
13. A woman may drink from the remains of her husbands glass.
14. Although ashkenazim are stringent concerning the remains of food of
the woman who is niddah, sepharadim allow the husband to eat his wife's
leftover food, without any restriction.
15. It is permissible for a man to use the same towel as his wife when
she is niddah. Their is no need for her to have her own special towel.
17. One should not kiss or play with a baby being held by either him or
her, while the woman is niddah. It is also better to be strict not to
feed a baby being held by the other spouse, unless there are extenuating
circumstances where this is necessary and the couple is careful not to
18. They should not light each others cigarettes since this brings
closeness. However, it is permissible for a wife to hold the Havdalah
19. It is permissible for the husband or wife to blow away lint or a
feather from each other's clothing while she is niddah, yet it is
commendable to be strict in this matter, if possible.
20. On a hot day they may not fan each other unless one of them is ill.
However, there is no restriction regarding turning on the fan or the air
conditioner for one another.
21. On a rainy day they may walk under the same umbrella as long as they
are careful not to touch.
22. It is permissible for the couple to read the same book together,
while the woman is niddah, provided they are careful not to touch.
23. A husband may not sit on his wife's bed even if she is not around,
and he certainly may not lay on her bed. If the bed is not specifically
hers, for example, at times she lies on it and sometimes he does, then he
may sit on the bed when she is niddah. She may lay on his bed while he is
not around.
24. The sephardic minhag is to permit the couple to sit together on a
couch even if it is soft and moves as long as care is taken not to touch
each other. However, it is commendable to be strict and not sit together
if the couple is on a pleasure trip while she is niddah.
25. It is absolutely forbidden for the couple to lie on the same bed
together even if they are fully clothed. Similarly, they may not use one
blanket. Strictness should be applied not to lay on two separate beds
unless the beds are separated, even slightly.
26. It is permitted to sleep on beds which are separated even if they
have a common frame. It is not necessary to put a divider between the
27. When a woman is niddah it is permitted for her husband to gaze at her
beauty while she is fully clothed, since she will be permitted to him in
the near future. However, her husband should not look at the normally
covered parts of his wife's body, while she is niddah.
28. A husband may be in the delivery room when his wife gives birth but
should not look at the normally covered parts of his wife's body.
29. It is permissible for the husband to hear his wife singing even
though she is niddah. This applies also to singing shabbat songs.
However, it is commendable to be stringent.
30. A man should be careful not to intentionally smell his wife's
perfume or flowers that she is wearing when she is niddah. However, if
she has removed the flowers he may even make a blessing on their
31. A woman should have special clothing when she is niddah, though
they may be just as nice as her regular clothing. This is so the couple
will constantly remember that she is niddah.
32. A woman may dress nicely and wear jewelry and cosmetics when she is
niddah, as is her custom when she is not niddah. Even if the husband
claims that it does not matter to him, if that is her normal way of
dressing up she should continue it when she is niddah.
33. If the woman normally works in the house she may do all of her
normal household chores, even those specifically done for her husband,
even in his presence. For example, she may cook or bake for him, set the
table or serve him food. Excluded from this is serving him glass of wine,
which is absolutely forbidden, unless it is done in a different way than
normal, like serving with the left hand. All other liquids may be poured
and served in the normal way.
34. Likewise, the husband may serve his wife food and make her coffee
etc. However, he should not serve her wine unless it is done in an
unusual way.
36. Although wine may not be poured or served, the Kiddush cup may be
passed around in the usual manner with the wife who is niddah drinking
from the cup directly after her husband.
37. She may not make his bed in front of him since this may be construed
as a


text:
Open Access Dissertation
Date of Award
In an intense laser field, atoms and molecules experience tunneling ionization directly to the continuum. We used this method to study several aspects and applications of strong field ionization (SFI) in atoms and molecules. One study used SFI to probe the photofragments produced by photodissociation using DC sliced imaging. The photodissociation mechanism of two polyatomic molecules (sulfur dioxide and nitromethane) were investigated. In a second study, we show the strong field ionization rate depends on the sign of the magnetic number distribution. We detect the signal of sequential double ionization of argon dications by a pump-probe method to investigate the ionization rate sensitivity to circularly polarized light. In a third study, we also found that the modest fragmentation that accompanies strong field ionization may be used to identify isomers and molecules in a complex mixture based on their mass spectral "finger print". The experiments were carried out in a DC sliced imaging apparatus. For the isomer selective detection experiment, the machine was used simply as a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum of each isomer was used as "basis function" to characterize the complex mixtures quantitatively.
Yan, Lu, "Fundamental Studies And Applications Of Strong Field Ionization" (2013). Wayne State University Dissertations. 742.


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Lead Contents
FAQ03419 of Contact Sensors / Liquid Leakage Sensors FAQ
FAQ No. FAQ03419
Primary Contents
What is the monitor output resolution and/or the analog output resolution of the D7F-C01/-C03 Vibration Sensor?
The monitor output and analog output of the D7F-C01⁄-C03 do not have resolutions.
This is because there is no A⁄D conversion circuit. Analog data is output as analog output.
The resolution of the output waveform is the resolution of the measurement device, such as an oscilloscope.