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When reviewing my notes and Serre's book "Galois Cohomology" Chapter 5 dealing with non-abelian group cohomology, I realized that I don't fully understand the concept of biprincipal spaces such as a-(A,B)-space (defined in page 49).
I think that what Serre ment is that is a G-set P with two G-groups A and B such that:
$\forall p,q \in P : \exists! a \in A : q=a*p$
$\forall p,q \in P : \exists!b \in B : q=p*b$
$\forall p \in P, a \in A, b \in B: (a*p)*b=a*p*b=a*(p*b)$ (A and B action commutes)
Then he talks about composition of such spaces: if P is a (A,A')-space and Q is a (A',A'')-space then
$P \circ Q = P \times ^{A'}Q $
which he claims has a (A',A'')-space structure.
If so, for what is this composition is good for? Q is already a (A',A'')-space.
Serre defines $ P \times ^AF$ as follows: let A be a G-group, let P be a principal homogeneous space on which A acts from the right and F a G-set on which A acts from the left. Then it is a quotient space of $P \times F$ induced by the following equivalence relation: $ (p,f) \sim (p*a, a^{-1}*f) $ for all $a \in A$.
He uses the construction of biprincipal spaces and their compositions in several instances (instead of using the cocycles language), such as in the proof of Proposition 35 and in the construction of fibers for normal subgroup in page 52.
I wonder if there are some examples which I hope will give me a feel of this construction and another good text about it. Moreover, translation of this biprincipal spaces to a cocycles language,
given that $P \times ^AF \cong _a F$ by using a cocycle $a_s$ to twist F: $^s \prime f = a_s \cdot ^s f$ which can be defined for $p \in P$ by $ s \mapsto a_s \mbox{ such that } ^s p = p * a_s$ and the mapping $ f \mapsto [(p,f)]$ induces $P \times ^AF \cong _a F$,
would be helpful.
Thanks, Zachi
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You should get an $(A, A'')$-space structure on $P\circ Q$, not $(A',A'')$. – S. Carnahan Mar 4 '12 at 16:04
Yes, Carnahan, you are correct. I just proved that this is indeed a $(A,A'')$ space, so Serre wrote it wrong in its book. I overread this page several times and yes, Serre wrote $(A',A'')$ and that was the thing that confused me. I still will be happy to get and advice how to formulate this notion using cocycles (if it is possible). Thank you very much, Zachi – Zachi Evenor Mar 4 '12 at 17:00
1 Answer 1
This is all structured like a "bimodule" argument, and indeed like the construction of the tensor product in the general case. What is going on is that there is really only one group involved. But as it is acting on the left/right there is scope for talking about the group G and its "opposite", and just actions. (This is the attitude in category theory, naturally, where the old "contravariant functor" notion is better replaced by the idea of a functor from the opposite category.) That all being said by the way of Bourbakiste background, is this really so deep? You do have to read the notation properly, as has been said. The superscript in the definition of PoQ is the only place where anything happens. Each PHS is a single orbit of G, so it is really just at the level of orbit-stabiliser reasoning, I think.
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After notinng the mistake in Serre's book (see comment in the question post), it is now more clear to me. However, I still trying to find an equivalent to these biprincipal spaces using cocycles $a_s$ of G in A and $b_s$ of G in B, if it is possible (I do not know). Zachi – Zachi Evenor Mar 4 '12 at 17:17
Try writing down some notation, then. Since the cocycle is not uniquely determined, you need to choose elements of P and Q and see why there is one orbit under ~, and describe it. – Charles Matthews Mar 5 '12 at 12:05
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text:
- Create your own unique papers
- Learn the process of simple papermaking with ingredients found around the home and outdoors.
- Be inspired by the possibilities as you create alongside of others
- Use the equipment provided to make your creations.
Saturday, September 19
10 am - 3:30 pm
6724 - 86 St, Edmonton
- Create about 10 - 15 unique pieces of paper out of recycled watercolor paper, fabric, and "fluffy" seeds (from a choice of thistle, cattail, fireweed, foxtail, poplar, down feathers, onion skin).
- All supplies are included, including some infusions (i.e. pressed leaves and flowers)
- Help create the 6 vats of pulp in the morning at 2 meters apart
What to bring:
- a mask for when we are creating the paper in the afternoon
- a bag lunch or plan on going to the nearby Tm Hortons for the hour lunch break.
- (optional) your own infusions

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Home / Womens Secretariat / Iran, Islamic Republic Of / Articles / Lesbians in Iran: Stories of Persecution and Torture
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anonymous contributorWritten anonymously. (English)
Iranian Woman flogged as punishment for her lesbianism
Lesbians in Iran: Stories of Persecution and Torture
The Iranian Railroad for Queer Refugees (IRQR) documented cases of Iranian lesbians being forced into marriage, persecuted, become victims of extortion, "persuaded" to undergo hormone treatment and/or sex reassignment procedure, take unnecessary medication for serious mental disorders, raped and tortured.
Iranian lesbians, like their gay brothers, are not allowed to have an existence in Iran. Many are forced by society and by their family to live a lie and marry a man. Women convicted of lesbian sex face flogging or, after conviction for a fourth time, the death penalty. Lesbians have no security of person vis-à-vis the government. Each time they are arrested, they risk being raped, whipped, persecuted or even tortured to death. If they are raped by strangers or acquaintances, they and their family members are often reluctant to file a formal complaint because being raped is itself a matter of shame and disgrace. Even when complaints are filed, they do not prosper as the law pertaining to the crime of rape requires four male witnesses to prove the legitimacy of the accusation.
Those forced into marriage by their families experience the trauma of rape every night as a wife's first duty is to serve her husband's sexual needs. Under Iranian law, it is lawful for a man to rape his wife. The only unlawful rape of a woman is zena or adulterous rape. Many of these women suffer from depression and other mental and spiritual problems. If their sexuality is discovered by their family members, they are likely to be beaten and abused if not abandoned. Abandonment often means drug abuse and prostitution. Sometimes, lesbian women are forced by their families to consult a doctor, a process which can involve agitation and trauma. There have been cases where a lesbian required hospitalization after being prescribed a dangerous pill used typically for serious mental illnesses. They may even be persuaded to undergo sex-change operation, which can lead to depression, various mental and physical conditions and even suicide.
For lesbians and bisexual women, family and institutional social control may be the greatest threat to their safety and well-being. Research conducted by IRQR in last few years with Iranian lesbians indicates that their families and communities pressure them to repress their sexuality in myriad ways. Their fear of discovery is well-founded.
Lesbians whose families suspect them of homosexuality may be punished. A university student in her mid-twenties in Tehran told us that she was barred from leaving their home for there months when her mother discovered she was a lesbian. After which she was under constant supervision and was prevented from communicating outside the family.
Maryam is a 29-year-old Iranian lesbian refugee whom we were able to help get an early legal interview with the UNHRC in Turkey. She had a terrible life in an abusive situation. Her family forced her to marry one of their relatives. The husband raped her every night. She could do nothing about it because one of the first duties of women in the Islamic Republic of Iran is "sexual delivery" to their husbands. This poor girl went to a doctor after the repeated brutal marital rapes. The doctor told her, "You appear to have been raped by an animal and you need urgent health care now." However, her family ordered her to be patient and stay at her husband's home. She was then repeatedly beaten by her husband but she eventually escaped and went to a friend's house. While she was there, her brothers came when she was out and told her friend they were going to kill their sister to save the family's honour. She allegedly had dishonored the family because she had left her husband and has suspicious connections with other women. That was when she fled Iran to Turkey, where she was put in touch with us by one of our members in Iran. She cried when she told her story and I lost control too. I told her, "Don't go back to Iran. We don't want to lose any more members of our queer family."
As part of the routine pressure on Iranian women, lesbians are forced into marriages. Sanaz, 32, explained that her mother forced her to marry a man after discovering she was a lesbian. Had she refused, her parents would have disowned her. She had no means of supporting herself. She continues to live in fear of her husband discovering her sexuality and thus might become abusive or publicly "out" her in a shameful divorce. She also described a pattern of forced sex with her husband.
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text: Butterflies are beautiful and easily observed insects which fly in every life zone of Rocky Mountain National Park. This class will begin with a short indoor introduction to basic butterfly biology and butterfly family identification. In the field, we will visit several different habitats to search for summer species, such as Rocky Mountain parnassian, Edwards' fritillary, ruddy copper, and arctic blue. We will learn to ID these species and also discuss their amazing life histories and ecology, host-plant associations, and conservation concerns. The class will focus on butterfly observation through binoculars; however, the instructor will have a net-and-release permit to allow participants a close-up look at a variety of species.


RM 021
Calibre RM021
Manual winding tourbillon movement with hours, minutes, power-reserve indicator, torque indicator and function selector.
RM021 3
The RM 021 Tourbillon Aerodyne is the first watch to be created with a baseplate of titanium and honeycombed orthorhombic titanium aluminide with a carbon nanofiber core. It marks the entrance of the theme of air, space and supersonic speed to the brand's imagery and inspiration.
It was a long-standing dream held by Richard Mille to use such a material in the design of a watch, although the challenge was almost insurmountable and the potential benefits relatively small. And yet, despite the complexity of his goal, this extraordinary result was achieved in 2009.
Orthorhombic titanium aluminides are group of alloys, developed from the main class of titanium aluminides, which possess a specific crystalline molecular structure ordered on the orthorhombic phase of Ti2AlNb. Its use within a honeycombed geometrical pattern was originally the subject of research by NASA for application as a core material of supersonic aircraft wings, where resistance to extremely high temperatures and torsion is paramount.
The alloy in this honeycombed form has unparalleled stiffness, a low thermal expansion coefficient and exceptional torsion resistance.
Nid Off
The actual shape of the baseplate itself as seen from the dial side resembles the trench-like V- shaped profile of a flying wing aircraft where the wing tips are positioned higher than the central body of the aircraft itself. The winding barrel and the tourbillon are both placed in the central depth of this aerodynamic structure, balancing on light and airy bridges.
RM021 5
This manual winding tourbillon movement boasts a 70 hour power reserve, which is indicated on the power reserve barrel located between 11 and 12 o'clock. The dial also boasts hours, minutes, torque indicator and function selector.
RM 021 360 view


Ammonite Fossil Specimen PolishedLarge
7-inch Polished ammonite from Madagascar
Ammonites are the extinct relatives of sea creatures such as the modern Nautilus from Palau. Ammonites lived during the periods of Earth history known as the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Together, these represent a time interval of about 140 million years.
Though many pieces are similar, no item at Crystal Galleries is exactly the same as every item uses a unique stone that is non-fabricated. Every item at Crystal Galleries is truly "one of a kind". Slight variations in color, size, and bead shape exist.
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Liquid error: Could not find asset snippets/linkcious.liquid


text:
). This strange-looking fish was only just discovered prior to the spill (8), and the fate of its population is not yet known. However, the Louisiana pancake batfish is considered to be one of the species that is most likely to have been negatively affected by the oil spill, as well as by the large quantity of dispersants used to tackle it (9).
Little is currently known about how the oil and dispersants are distributed beneath the ocean's surface, and the potential impacts on the region's deep sea species is still poorly understood. Possible effects on fish could include changes to their migration routes and spawning grounds, accumulation of pollutants within their bodies, increased mortality, and even local extinctions (9).Top
Louisiana pancake batfish conservation
No specific conservation measures are currently known to be in place for the Louisiana pancake batfish. However, studies have been undertaken to determine which species are likely to be most vulnerable to the effects of the 2010 oil spill, which may help to prioritise future research and conservation efforts. More information is needed on the region's fish and on the effects of the spill before the fate of unique species such as the Louisiana pancake batfish can be determined (9).Top
Find out more
Find out more about the Louisiana pancake batfish:
More information on conservation in the Gulf of Mexico:
Learn more about newly discovered species on ARKive:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Double document shared word diagrams
Double Document Shared Word Diagrams compare and contrast two documents by showing both the unique and shared vocabulary and its distribution across the two documents of interest. The two columns of squares represent the two documents. The leftmost column of word circles shows the highest frequency non-trivial words found in document 1 but not document 2. The rightmost column of word circles shows those words unique to 2 and the central column shows the words that are common to both.You can also input your text and generate your own visualisation.


text:
South East London is around 5700 kilometres, or 3540 miles, from the Equator.
If you would like more information about how to calculate how far you are from the Equator, please see the following link:
A basic way to work it out is to take your latitude and to multiply this by 111.111. This will give you the answer in kilometres. To convert to miles, multiply by 0.621.
Please see below video explaining why the distance you are from the Equator affects the weather you experience.


How to Determine a Corporation's Fiscal Year End Date
by Jeff Franco
 A corporation's fiscal year refers to the 12-month period it uses for financial and tax reporting purposes when a calendar year isn't used. Initially, a corporation can choose any fiscal year it wants, but it must maintain its books and records in accordance with that fiscal year. If you want to determine the fiscal year that a company uses, the information is readily available if the company is publicly traded. Private corporation fiscal years, however, can be a little more difficult to determine.
 Choosing Fiscal Year
 Since a corporation is treated as a separate taxpayer, it must obtain an employer identification number, or EIN, with the IRS in order to file its taxes. Corporations can choose a tax year at the time of applying for the EIN, but the IRS doesn't consider a corporation's tax year as being officially adopted until it receives the first corporate tax return. However, when corporations use a fiscal year for financial reporting that doesn't end on December 31, its tax year must match the fiscal year. Therefore, when you're able to determine a company's fiscal year, barring unusual circumstances, its tax year should cover the same period.
 Public Company Information
 Federal law requires all public corporations that have their stock trading on a public exchange within the U.S. to register with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Once registered, a corporation has a legal obligation to publish audited financial statements. Whether it's a quarterly or annual financial statement, the published statement will clearly state what the corporation's fiscal year is. There are various resources available for accessing a corporation's financial statements. The SEC maintains the "EDGAR database" on its website that stores all financial statement filing for every public company. But since the information is public, you can usually find the statements in other places, such as one of the many financial news organization websites.
 Private Corporation Financials
 It gets a little more complicated when you're trying to determine the fiscal year of a private corporation. Private corporations can range from a small business with just one or two shareholders to multimillion-dollar corporations. Since these corporations don't raise capital from the public by having their stock listed on a public exchange, they're under no obligation to make any financial information available to the public. Generally, only government agencies like the IRS and private creditors of the corporation will have access to that information.
 Accessing Private Corporation Information
 There are resources available online, some of which may require a premium subscription, which store financial information for large private corporations. Dunn & Bradstreet is one of the more popular firms that offer private company information. And if the company you want information on has a contract with a government agency, you may be able to extract fiscal year information from the government contractor database. If all else fails, you can always try and reach someone at the company, though business owners may not always be so willing to divulge any information.
 About the Author


text:
Definition of Pultures
1. pulture [n] - See also: pulture
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Pultures Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Pultures
Literary usage of Pultures
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland by Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1875)
"... objects held by them in veneration and associated with their work and hopes. (m) Leaden Crosses found in Tonibe.—L'Abbé Cochet, in his "Sépultures..."
2. A Collection of Curious Discourses by Thomas Hearne (1771)
"... motts, or remembrances engraved or fixed upon fepultures, tombes, or monuments, where the bodies of valiant and moft worthy men have been buried...."


Vertical elliptic operator for efficient wave propagation in TTI media
Umair bin Waheed, Tariq Ali Alkhalifah
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Scopus citations
Elliptic wave extrapolation operators require significantly less computational cost than the ones for transversely isotropic (TI) media. However, it does not provide accurate wavefield representation or imaging for the prevalent TI media. We propose a new vertical elliptically anisotropic (VEA) wave equation by decomposing the acoustic TI pseudo-differential wave equation. The decomposition results in a vertical elliptic differential equation and a scalar operator. The new VEA-like wave equation shares the same dispersion relation as that of the original acoustic TI wave equation. Therefore, the kinematic contents are correctly matched to the original equation. Moreover, the proposed decomposition yields better amplitude properties than the isotropic decomposition without increasing the computational load. Therefore, it exhibits better cost versus accuracy tradeoff compared to the isotropic or the tilted elliptic decompositions. We demonstrate with numerical examples that the proposed methodology is numerically stable for complex models and is free from shear-wave artifacts.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3560-3564
Number of pages5
JournalSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015
StatePublished - Aug 19 2015
Dive into the research topics of 'Vertical elliptic operator for efficient wave propagation in TTI media'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Given a set of data of the fractional frequency or time fluctuations between a pair of oscillators, it is useful to characterize these fluctuations with reasonable and tractable models of performance. In so doing for many kinds of oscillators, it is useful to consider the fluctuations as those that are random (may only be predicted statistically) and those that are non-random (eg., systematics--those that are environmentally induced or those that have a causal effect that can be determined and in many cases can be predicted).
3.1 Non-random Fluctuations
Non-random fluctuations are usually the main cause of departure from "true" time or "true" frequency in the long term.
If, for example, one has the values of the frequency over a period of time and a frequency offset from nominal is observed, one may calculate directly that the phase error will accumulate as a ramp. If the frequency values show some linear drift then the time fluctuations will depart as a quadratic. In almost all oscillators, the above systematics, as they are sometimes called, are the primary cause of time and/or frequency departure. A useful approach to determine the value of the frequency offset is to calculate the simple mean of the set, or for determining the value of the frequency drift by calculating a linear least squares fit to the frequency. A least squares quadratic fit to the phase or to the time deviations is typically not as efficient an estimator of the frequency drift for most oscillators. Precision frequency standards are affected by their environment. These environmental purturbations often cause long-term frequency and time departures.
3.2 Random Fluctuations
After calculating or estimating the systematic or non-random effects of a data set, these may be subtracted from the data leaving the residual random fluctuations. These can usually be best characterized statistically. It is often the case for precision oscillators that these random fluctuations may be well modeled with power law spectral densities. This topic is discussed later in sections VIII to X. We have
Sy(f) = ha fa (3.1)
where Sy(f) is the one-sided spectral density of the fractional frequency fluctuations, f is the Fourier frequency at which the density is taken, ha is the coefficient indicating the level of that type of noise, and a is a number modeling the most appropriate type of power law for the data. The agreed upon standard (IEEE) in the time domain is s y(t ), to be explained in the next section. If one observes from a log s y2(t ) versus log t diagram a particular slope (call it m ) over certain regions of sample time, t, this slope has a correspondence to a power law spectral density or a set of the same with some amplitude coefficient ha. In particular, m = -a -1 for -3 < a < 1 and m =- a -2 for 1 > a. Further a correspondence exists between ha and the coefficient for s y(t ). These coefficients have been calculated and appear in section XI. The transformations for some of the more common power law spectral densities have been tabulated making it quite easy to transform the frequency stability modeled in the time-domain over to the frequency domain and vice versa. Examples of some power-law spectra that have been simulated by computer are shown in figure 3.1. In descending order these have been named white noise, flicker noise, random walk, and flicker walk (the w in fig. 3.1 is angular Fourier frequency, w = 2p f).
Once the noise characteristics have been determined, one is often able to deduce whether the oscillators are performing properly or not and whether they are meeting either the design specifications or the manufacturers specifications. For example a cesium beam frequency standard or a rubidium gas cell frequency standard when working properly should exhibit white frequency noise which is the same as random walk phase (or time) for tau values of the order of a few seconds to several thousand seconds (see also sec. XI).


text:
Canadians on welfare have significantly higher odds of reporting poor physical and mental health, finds a University of Toronto study.
Statistical analysis of data from the 1996-97 National Population Health Survey revealed that welfare recipients were more likely to report poor or fair health, depression and distress than people not on welfare as well as fewer social supports. The study, published in the March/April issue of the Canadian Journal of Public Health, also found that welfare recipients whose activity was not restricted by long-term disability had greater odds of reporting heart disease than non-welfare recipients.
"These findings indicate that adults on welfare struggle with a broad spectrum of health problems," says the study's senior author, nutritional sciences professor Valerie Tarasuk. "I believe the increasing inadequacy of welfare benefits in many provinces may put them at even greater health risk. The impact of welfare program reforms on the health and well-being of recipients must be assessed and monitored."
The finding that welfare recipients were more likely to report heart disease is of concern because this condition can be prevented or managed, at least in part, by lifestyle modifications, says the study's lead author, U of T medical student Nicholas Vozoris. "Affording special diets, exercise, medications and medical supplies not covered by government programs may be problematic for welfare recipients since many of these healthy lifestyle choices are associated with increased costs," he says.
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
The purpose of life is a life of purpose.
-- Robert Byrne


text:
The familiar, old English carol using the voices of the animals approaching the Nativity scene serves as the text in this attractively illustrated, large-format version.
Each of the animals contributes something, from the donkey who carried Mary to Bethlehem to the cow who gave up manger and hay to the sheep who provided wool for a blanket for the Christ Child. The dove who cooed the baby to sleep is a recurrent connecting device, appearing in the stable window on several pages and in flight on the endpapers, which show a contemporary scene of a snowy village with carolers surrounding a glowing Christmas tree. The illustrations convey accurate details in settings and costumes as well as amusing expressions on the faces of the friendly animals, but the cover design is diminished by an unnecessary coating of silvery-blue glitter on the animals. A large trim size provides illustrations large enough for use with a group, and the musical notation is provided along with a CD with spoken and sung versions of the text.
As the only large-format edition of this carol currently in print, it will be a useful purchase for use with children at Christmas sing-alongs or church programs as well as at home. (Picture book/religion. 3-7)


text:
NUFinancials: Creating Balance Sheet Journals Training Guide
This article explains the purpose of and how to create balance sheet journals.
Create Balance Sheet Journals
Upon completing this guide, you should be able to:
- Start a Balance Sheet Journal from the NUPortal
- Complete a Balance Sheet Journal as follows:
- Check the journal date
- Specify the purpose and reason
- Enter journal lines
- Attach supporting documentation
- Validate the journal
- Submit the journal to workflow
- Searching for Actuals Journals
- Troubleshooting for Actuals Journals
- Access the NUPortal at northwestern.edu. Click Financials > Accounting.
- Alternate navigation: NUFinancials > Navigator > NU Actuals Journal > Add/Update Actuals Journal > Add a New Value.
- Individuals with Balance Sheet Journal access and approval from Accounting Services via the Central Office Security Access Form.
- Find journal processing guidelines and the monthly closing calendar on the Financial Operations website.
- Receive updates from the Financial Operations Find instructions for joining listservs on the Northwestern IT website.
NUFinancials > Navigator > NU Actuals Journals > Add a New Value
Select Balance Sheet Journal.
1. Click Create Journal.
Result: the journal appears in a new window.
1. Enter the Journal Date.
The Journal Date determines the accounting period in which the journal will post. The default is today's date and the current period.
You may backdate the journal only if the prior period is still open. This may be the case during the first few days of each month. For example, in early September, you may change the Journal Date to August 31. Do so only if the journal truly belongs in the prior month's financial activity.
You may future-date the journal to fall within an accounting period that is not yet open and extend the time to gather approvals. If you do, the journal will not post until the period opens.
Note that the only Journal Purpose is "Balance sheet journal."
The Balance Sheet journal is flexible. It can accomplish many common accounting tasks. It can be used to:
- Transfer from holding accounts
- Correct cash balances
- Defer expenses and revenue
- Accrue expenses and revenue
- Manage inventory and assets
- Explain the reason for the journal in the Reason/Description field.
- Click Next.
- Below the Journal information are Journal Rules that provide guidance for completing the journal.
- At least one line of the journal must have a "Balance sheet account code," that is, an Asset (1xxxx) or Liability (2xxxx) account.
- Workflows include approval levels for projects and departments, as applicable, and a final level for Accounting Services.
- Balance sheet journals containing grant chart strings are also routed to Accounting Services for Research and Sponsored Projects (ASRSP).
- Debits and credits on the journal must balance.
- Rules 4 and 5 make it possible for non-accountants to use the journal successfully.
- Use Rule 4 to increase accounts.
- Use Rule 5 to decrease accounts.
- Appropriate attachments are required for approval.
In this particular example, the journal is used for accrual accounting. With a payroll deduction pending, this journal recognizes revenue and notes the amount of the pending payroll deduction in Accounts Receivable.
- Line 1 records the effect on Accounts Receivable (11356).
- Line 2 records the effect on Revenue (40698) of a designated self-supporting project that runs the (Note: the receivable will be matched at a later date with an incoming payment, the payroll deduction from MyHR.)
- Click Insert (+) to add a blank (Repeat to add as many blank lines as you need.)
- To work with balance sheet accounts, enter the Fund, Account, andamount.
- In this example, you are following Rule 4 "To increase Assets, enter a positive amount (debit)."
- NUFinancials allows only valid values in each ChartField.
- There is no budget chart string validation performed on balance sheet journal lines.
- To work with financial entities (Departments and Projects), enter the full chart string and amount.
- In this example, you are following Rule 4 "To increase Revenue, enter a negative amount (credit)."
- NUFinancials allows only valid values in each ChartField.
- Journal lines with Department or Department and Project ChartFields are subject to chart string combination rules during validation.
Best practice: Attach scanned electronic supporting documents, as required by Approvers, for the transaction. NUFinancials does not require the attachment. You may save, validate, and submit the journal to workflow without an attachment.
- Click Attach. Result: The File Attachment dialog appears.
- Click Browse. Result: A browser appears that enables you to locate the scanned file on your computer.
- Browse to and select the scanned file.
- Click Open > Result: The document is attached and the file name appears (as shown above).
- You may click View to see the document in a new window and verify.
- Click Save & Submit to validate journal.
- A 10-digit Journal ID is assigned to the transaction after the journal is saved.
- NUFinancials confirms that any Department or Project chart strings on the journal have a budget. If so, Budget Status is valid. If not, Budget Status is Error.
- NUFinancials evaluates the journal and chart strings. If the journal is valid and chart strings properly combined, Journals Status is Valid. If not, Journal Status is Error.
- Refer to Troubleshooting for Actuals Journals for help with Error statuses.
Start on the NUPortal by selecting the journal type – Balance Sheet Journal or navigate in NUFinancials in the Navigator > NU Actuals Journals > Add/Update Journals.
Step 1: Confirm or change the Journal Date.
Step 2: Confirm the purpose and enter a description.
Step 3: Explain the Reason
Step 4: Enter the journal lines.
- At least one line must contain a balance sheet account
- Enter as many lines as you need to accomplish the accounting task
Step 5: Attach supporting documentation.
Step 6: Validate the journal.
What happens next?
- Approvers must make a decision about the journal.
- Department and Project approvers see the journal and can make a decision about journal lines that contain chart strings for which they are responsible.
- You may find and view your journal using the Actuals Journal Search.
- Monitor the workflow for progress or feedback.
- Journals must be approved and posted before the accounting period closes, otherwise Accounting Services deletes them.
- If you find yourself without approvals and facing deletion at the end of a period, you may copy the journal to avoid recreating the journal from Give the new journal a date in the next period.


Towards the Minimum Inner Edge Distance of the Habitable Zone
Extrasolar Planets
The relative humidity is the key controlling factor in determining the inner edge distance because water vapor has a strong impact on the greenhouse warming of the atmosphere, yet too little water vapor will deactivate precipitation and enable CO2 to accumulate.
We estimate that a relative humidity as low as 1% can be sufficient to maintain a liquid water cycle and wash out CO2 from the atmosphere.
If the surface pressure is too low (~0.1 bar), the water loss timescale of the planet is too short to support life. If the surface pressure is too high (~100 bars), we show using atmospheric circulation arguments, that the day-night side temperature difference on slow rotators and tidally locked planets is too small to enable an active water cycle. In contrast, the temperature difference on fast rotators with high surface pressure can be large enough to produce rain. Intermediate surface pressures (~1-10 bars) can provide suitable conditions for a water cycle independent of the planetary rotation period.
We additionally find that the water loss timescale is influenced by the atmospheric CO2 level, because it indirectly influences the stratospheric water mixing ratio. If the CO2 mixing ratio of dry planets is smaller than 10^{-4}, the water loss timescale is ~1 billion years, which may be too short for complex life to evolve. (abridged)
Andras Zsom, Sara Seager, Julien de Wit
(Submitted on 12 Apr 2013)
Comments: submitted to ApJ
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:_PHONE_ [astro-ph.EP]
(or arXiv:1304.3714v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Submission history
From: Andras Zsom [view email]
[v1] Fri, 12 Apr 2013 19:39:15 GMT (1103kb)
Please follow Astrobiology on Twitter.
 - submit to reddit


text:
To facilitate the use of IT in learning, teaching, research, and administration.
What's in a name?
The name Mapping, Analysis & Design (MAD) reflects the three main components of what we do:
- Mapping - Through tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, we enable students and researchers to understand a multitude of environmental, economic, and urban issues.
- Analysis - We provide tools (such as computers, statistical analysis software) to allow students and researchers to analyze various problems relating to our natural environment and our communities.
- Design - Through tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), we enable people in the Faculty of Environment to create images and 3D visualizations of various urban environments.


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When I allow an application to access my data, what information can it actually access?
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It used to be that applications had full access to all your data, but now it's more restricted:
instead of granting access to all of their profile data when engaging with an application for the first time, users will now authorize only specific categories of user data – like interests, gender, or their current city, for example. With the changes, when developers want to access new profile information fields not granted in the original application authorization, they'll need to ask for explicit permission.
So the application should ask you for permission and tell you which categories of data it wants access to. So if you're not happy about letting an application having access to your photos for example you should be able to tell and not install it.
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The new permissions model is now live, giving you, the use, more detail into what exactly is made available to the application.
With this new authorization process, when you log into an application with your Facebook account, the application will only be able to access the public parts of your profile by default. To access the private parts of your profile, the application has to explicitly ask for your permission.
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text:
Body Setup Core
Editor Properties: (see get_editor_property/set_editor_property)
bone_name(Name): [Read-Only] Used in the PhysicsAsset case. Associates this Body with Bone in a skeletal mesh.
collision_reponse(BodyCollisionResponse): [Read-Write] Collision Type for this body. This eventually changes response to collision to others *
collision_trace_flag(CollisionTraceFlag): [Read-Write] Collision Trace behavior - by default, it will keep simple(convex)/complex(per-poly) separate *
physics_type(PhysicsType): [Read-Write] If simulated it will use physics, if kinematic it will not be affected by physics, but can interact with physically simulated bodies. Default will inherit from OwnerComponent's behavior.


text:
Definition of pallid
a. - Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid blue.
The word "pallid" uses 6 letters: A D I L L P.
No direct anagrams for pallid found in this word list.
Adding one letter to pallid does not form any other word in this word list.
Shorter words found within pallid:
ad ai aid ail al all alp dal dap dial dill dip id ill la lad laid lap li lid lip lipa pa pad padi paid pail pal pall pi pia pial pill plaid
List shorter words within pallid, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in pallid, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with pallid, words containing pallid or words ending with pallid
All words formed from pallid by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: pa al ll li id
Browse words starting with pallid by next letter
Previous word in list: palliators
Next word in list: pallidly
Some random words: bhakta


text:
Grain Figures, work exhibited in Plots, Prints and Projections, group show at the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale
Övrigt - Utställning, 2018
Commissioned for the exhibition Plots, Prints, and Projections at the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale, Grain Figures is a play on our ability as humans to perceive meaning in seemingly random data. The visible grain of a set of specific sheets of pine plywood guide the boundaries of surfaces, breaking them down into layers. Lines separating one surface from another suddenly go astray and wander along a meandering streak in the wood. The grain of the material – its structure and image – starts to influence the regulating geometries of surfaces. On a massing scale, select curves in the variation in grain produce a set of figurative elevations – a fragment of a room or façade, a silhouette of a rock, or a map of a terrain. A closer reading of the installation's surface reveals local features in the grain. These features are a result of the lathing of the veneer in the plywood: A spiralling section of a log that slices through knots and defects. They often appear as recognizable forms or patterns, known in carpentry as grain figures. Grain figures are commonly referred to as, for example, bear claws, crowns, bird's eyes, burls, curls, fiddle backs, and quilts. Ultimately, the design of the installation is about seeing and retracing figures from the plywood and projecting them back onto its surface. The grain of the wood becomes a drawing and an instruction for design. Plots, Prints and Projections was curated by Ulrika Karlsson and organised by Architects Sweden, The Swedish Institute, Folkhem and Svenskt Trä.
Curatorial statement by Ulrika Karlsson:
Through a series of plots, prints and projections the exhibition at Serra dei Giardini engages different perspective on the challenged role of architectural representations and the projection and materialization of these architectural worlds into built form, in the meeting with the manufacturing industry and the dynamic material wood, specifically pine.
In response to the main theme of the Venice architecture Biennale 2018 Freespace, the exhibition Plots Prints Projections, investigates architectures generosity and ability in mediating between the abstract and concrete, between the physical and the digital, the artificial and the real. These entwined relationships continue to produce sensibilities where our understanding of the division is becoming blurred. ¹
Whether we consider a plot, a piece of land, a ( secret ) plan, a sequence of events, a narrative, to plot, marking out a route or position using a graph, a graphical technique for representing a set of information, data sets, all these definitions of a plot relate to the practice of architecture.
Prints are often a reproduction, can result in a 2-dimensional instruction or image as well as a 3-dimensional materialisation of an instruction, are often computer output on a screen or on paper, can be automated or analogue, can be produced through a chemical process, through heat transfer, through pressure, by spraying, entailing a pixel by pixel process, engaging an additive process, can involve a melting activity to make a liquid substance, the deposition of electronic or optical inks on a substrate.
Projections in architecture are often considered the images of geometric figures reproduced on a line, plane, or surface. Reproducing, by optical means, a remote image on a surface. A projection can also
be material, something that protrudes out. It can be a proposition, a simulation or proposal, something that gets thrown forward. The 19th century tepidarium, greenhouse, Serra dei Giardini, acts as the context of departure. Situated in a public space, the design for the greenhouse was drawn by engineer Trevisanto and built in 1894. It provides a climate-controlled environment that originally housed some of the plants of the municipality of Venice and Lido during the winter, such as palm trees and other exotic species that were sensitive to the cold.
But it also served as a place for the production and propagation of other plants. The filigree and slender constructions of cast iron and glass developed as an innovative construction technique for greenhouses during the 1800s and 1900s. At the outset iron was made to perfectly imitate wood, and 'techniques of wood construction were simply transposed to iron'. ² In two early twentieth century drawings or sketches for café Orfeo in Giardini, a material ambiguity comes about. They are very similar in character and style, structure and ornament, yet the first drawing shows a building in wood, whereas the second show a proposal for rebuilding the project in iron and glass. The tradition of letting a material mimic another is common practice throughout the history of architecture. This instability in the reading of a material, oscillating between wood and cast iron, pose questions about materiality and its inherent qualities investigated in the exhibition. Today we see different sensibilities emerge that are neither bound by the physical nor the virtual but are crafted and developed between mediums and modes of production. In the study on Awkward Materiality by Brrum, we see how a piece of CNC:ed foam take on characteristics from wood grain. Whether the perceived qualities belong to the specificities of foam, of wood grain or are produced by a subtractive CNC technique is a question. The curiosity and necessity in finding new ways of employing materials such as wood and cellulose, sparks the development of new techniques for processing materials, reusing materials and the composite use of materials. Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fibers, which are strong in tension and lignin, which resist compression. A dynamic and renewable material that is subject to respond to climatic change. If gardening is a practice of growing and cultivating plants, forestry is defined as a science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests. The cultivation of forests and the use of wood in architecture continue to have cultural, physical, social, political and ecological implications.
To allow for the meeting between invited architects / designers and the manufacturing industry, a network of possible collaborations with wood industry, furniture manufacturers and carpenters were set up. Early on, it was identified that it was important to engage different sized industries and wood workers, with different experiences from CNC and other techniques for treating and processing wood. But also, foresters and conservators were contacted for different purposes. The aim was to explore possible knowledge exchange at an early stage in the project. On for example what happens in the translation from architectural representations to their material manifestation or the opposite; how is wood translated to architectural notations. But also, a dialogue about relations between traditions of wood construction, building systems and automation. Industry were interested in the knowledge of the architect on different construction solutions and what a building system can be in the future.
The exhibition will consist of large scale spatial installations or structures, an artificially controlled climate or atmosphere and a garden pavilion or loggia that will serve as a stage. Together they organize, comprise an elaborate environment. Through spatial sequencing, nearness and proximities of the projects, the exhibition aims at producing a dialogue between the different spatial structures and installations and their materiality.
Through the exhibition the visitor will encounter the grain of the wood becoming an instruction for design, data as a kind of changing element of a climate, we will be able to perceive what a thin metallic silvery lasures can do for glulam, how a gutter system of pine transports water, a crated nature on display, observe what a ' Tall ' column does to the space of the greenhouse, and we will have the possibility of rethinking the processes and stages of construction.


text:
So far, you've just defined the slider content. The next step is to actually define a slider.
You can define as many sliders as you want, each with different content, and each with a different name. It can simplify things if you use the same name for the Slider Posts post that defined the gallery, and the corresponding Slider definition – e.g., "Colorado".
To define a slider, open the dashboard Weaver Posts/Slider admin page, and open the Sliders tab. In the Select Slider box, enter the name of the slider (Colorado) in the "Enter name for new slider" box, and click the Create New Slider button.


Calc Builder Support
Calc Builder support
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Help making a calculator 21.01.2020 14:43
I'm in doubt how to make a calculator.
need to convert a unit of weight (kg) into caloric weight, as follows:
if weight is <10kg = caloric weight is: weight x 1
if the weight is> 10kg and <20kg = (weight - 10) x 0.5 + 10
if weight is> 20 = (weight - 15) x 0.2 + 15
weight: ( form )
caloric weight: ( result )
result example 1:
Weight: 7kg
Caloric Weight : 7kg
result example 2:
Weight: 15kg
Caloric Weight : 12,5kg
result example 3:
Weight: 35kg
Caloric Weight : 18kg
Re: Help making a calculator 22.01.2020 08:55
first you need to create your input fields, in this case weight, that you will receive at the code section as $weight. Then you can write your math at the code section and introduce the result into your variable (if you call it'result', then you need to fill the $result variable, for ex):
For your case you also need to use 'if' clauses, so you can check the proper syntax here:
In order to build this kind of code
if($weight<10) {
And finally, you can write your result at the output section with
Hope this helps, regards
Moonsoft Team
Are you satisfied with our products/services/support?
Lo que nuestros clientes opinan de nosotros


Utter French!
French Phrases: parts of the body
This page gives French words for the main parts of the body. Note that parts of the body in French are usually used with the definite article (le, la or les), even though in English, you'd often use a possessive (my, his etc).
Face and neck
la tête-the head
le visage-the face
les cheveux-the hair
le front-the forehead
les yeux-the eyes
un oeil-the eye
le nez-the nose
les joues (f)-the cheeks
les oreilles-the ears
les lèvres (f)-the lips
la bouche-the mouth
les dents (f)-the teeth
la langue-the tongue
le menton-the chin
le cou-the neck
la nuque-the nape, back of the neck
la gorge-the throat
Feedback Suggest a change / proposez une modification
The upper body
le dos-the back
les épaules (f)-the shoulders
la poitrine-the chest
les seins (m)-the breasts
les bras-the arms
les coudes (m)-the elbows
le ventre-the belly
les mains (f)-the hands
les doigts (m)-the fingers
les ongles (m)-the fingernails
le pouce-the thumb
le poignet-the wrist
la hanche-the hip
l'abdomen-the abdomen
Feedback Suggest a change / proposez une modification
The legs and lower body
les fesses (f)-the backside, buttocks
les jambes (f)-the legs
les cuisses (f)-the thighs
les genoux (m)-the knees
les chevilles (f)-the ankles
les talons (m)-the heels
les pieds (m)-the feet
les orteils (m)-the toes
Feedback Suggest a change / proposez une modification


text:
PhD position in Wildlife Management
PhD position in Applied Ecology (Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences): Management of wildlife populations under a changing climate
The project aims at developing wildlife population models to be used in a larger context of ecological, economical and societal impacts of alternative land management policies under a changing climate. The candidate will compile information on wildlife ecology and management and build models for future management of wildlife resources. Specifically, the candidate will compile existing data on demographic drivers and management of large herbivores in Scandinavia (i.e. moose, red deer, roe deer, wild boar) as a basis to map interacting, direct and indirect pathways between climate change and population demography. The candidate will also assess climate-mediated changes of herbivore browsing impacts on biodiversity and forestry. The findings will be incorporated in spatial wildlife population models to be used to assess the impacts of different management options under different climate scenarios. The candidate will work in close collaboration with the project's multi-disciplinary and international team.
The candidate will be supervised by Associate professor Simen Pedersen (HINN, main supervisor), Professor Barbara Zimmermann (HINN), Researcher Cecilie Dyngeland (HINN), and Researcher Oskar Franklin (IIASA, Austria)
Questions about the position or work environment can be directed to associate professor Simen Pedersen, e-mail: _EMAIL_


text:
Beijing growing explosively, impacting weather and climate
A new study by scientists using data from NASA's QuikScat satellite has demonstrated a novel technique to quantify urban growth based on observed changes in physical infrastructure. The researchers used the technique to study the rapid urban growth in Beijing, China, finding that its physical area quadrupled between 2000 and 2009.
A group of researchers from California used data from QuikScat to measure the extent of infrastructure changes, such as new buildings and roads, in China's capital. They then quantified how urban growth has changed Beijing's wind patterns and pollution, using a computer model of climate and air quality developed by Jacobson.
New infrastructure alone the buildings and roads themselves, not including additional pollution created by the new city dwellers and their vehicles created a ring of impacts around the older parts of Beijing. The impacts included increasing winter temperatures by about 5 - 7oF (3 - 4oC) and reducing wind speed by about 2 – 7 m/h (1 - 3 m/s), making the city air more stagnant.
Beijing's official city limits enclose an area larger than the state of Connecticut, but much of that real estate is undeveloped and likely to remain so nature preserves and rugged mountains, for example. The Chinese capital is far from the only world city whose official area differs from its actual footprint.
Data from NASA's QuikScat satellite show the changing extent of Beijing between 2000 and 2009 through changes to its infrastructure. Gray and black indicate buildings, with the tallest and largest buildings in the city's commercial core appearing lighter gray. Other colors show changes in areas not yet urbanized (for example, clearing land or cutting down trees), with the rate of change indicated by color. Blue-green indicates the least change, yellow-orange more change, and red the greatest change.


text:
Enhancing the access and use of forest resources data in Minnesota.
Using the Forest Information Needs Assessment report as a guide, detailed metadata records have been developed for many of the key forest information databases identified by the workshop participants. These metadata records were created using the Minnesota Geographic Metadata Guidelines, developed by the GIS Standards Committee of the Minnesota Governor's Council on Geographic Information. Some of these metadata records have an online linkage to the database, allowing the data user to automatically retrieve the data free of charge. This initial inventory of metadata records is the result of a continuing effort to document forest information databases throughout the State of Minnesota.
The Natural Physical category consists of the following four themes:


text:
EBU key messages on Media Literacy
Public service media (PSM) advance everyday media literacy: the ability to access the media, to understand and critically evaluate its content and communicate over a range of platforms. Nowadays, PSM use multi-platforms to create an intelligent media experience, to reach out to audiences in interactive and innovative ways.
Video excerpts Media Literacy Forum
See video examples of how PSM are encourage online engagement, rendering audiovisual media accessible to as many people as possible, creating a trusted space facilitating interaction, creativity and innovation as well as providing programmes and platforms which inform and empower to citizens. Click here for the video gallery.
Bridging the digital divide
PSM play a central role in promoting media literacy through awareness programmes by ensuring universal access to quality content and modern distribution platforms. PSM help audiences to watch their programmes objectively and to connect and engage with different media platforms in order to effectively benefit from their services.
Inform and empower citizens to democracy
In an environment where citizens are beset by information, PSM help citizens understand how media work, how they influence our lives and how best they may be used. Through various programmes, online services and initiatives, they enhance critical understanding, participation and active citizenship in the public sphere.
Creating a trusted space
PSM empower citizens to use evolving media technologies: to stimulate creativity, audience participation and innovation. PSM are particularly committed to creating a safe, creative online digital environment for children and young adults. Campaigns, online tools and cross-media programmes enable children and others to take an active part in the media world.
EBU Media Literacy Forum -- 1 March - Brussels
Welcome speech by Jean‐Paul Philippot, EBU President
EBU Member initiatives on media literacy
Encouraging online engagement
Fostering a media-savvy public
Platform for expression
Facilitating interaction and creativity


text:
Monographs, Technical Reports, & Books
Educational Needs Assessment Study for DNR Department of ForestryA 2002 study was led by Chris Beimborn, CMSER staff member, on behalf of the Wisconsin DNR Division of Forestry. The purpose of the study was to examine the needs of the educational community for a proposed Forestry Awareness and Education Center on the Milwaukee County Grounds. Several collaborators from the education community as well as staff from many local field trip providers contributed to this report.
The research analyzed a wide range of topics, including building needs; statistics about the targeted audience; input from over 200 learning coordinators, science teachers, and district administrators; a directory of other Southeastern Wisconsin field trip providers and locales; and models from existing field trip providers.
The finished report is included below, titled Barking Up the Right Tree: An Educational Needs Assessment for the Forestry Education and Awareness Center. If you are interested in viewing a hard copy of the report or have specific questions regarding the study, contact the CMSER.
NOTE: In order to view and print this form, you must have Acrobat Reader 6.0. To download a free version of this program,click here.
| 6.96MB ||Needs Assessment Report |


text:
will calculate simple statistical measures between two minc
files or more by comparing all subsequent files to the first.
The results for each subseqent file are then returned in order.
By default all statistics are calculated. If specifitc statistics
are requested via a command-line option, then only the requested
statistics are printed.
A very useful feature of this program is the ability to restrict the
set of voxels included in the statistic calculation, either by restricting
the range of included values (-floor, -ceil or -range), or by using a mask
file (-mask) with a restricted range.
The comparison statistics available in minccmp are given below. Note that two
of these (-xcorr and -zscore) are a very close approximation to what is used
Note that options can be specified in abbreviated form (as long as
they are unique) and can be given anywhere on the command line.
Overwrite an existing file.
Don't overwrite an existing file (default).
Dump a lot of extra information (for when things go haywire).
Print out extra information (more than the default).
Print out only the requested numbers
Specify the maximum size of the internal buffers (in kbytes). Default
is 4 MB.
Check that all input files have matching sampling in world
Ignore any differences in world dimensions sampling for input files.
Volume range options
A lower bound for ranges of data to include in statistic calculations.
An upper bound for ranges of data to include in statistic calculations.
A lower and upper bound for the ranges of data to include in statistics.
Name of file to be used for masking data included in statistic
Compute all statistical measures. This is the default.
Print the Sum Squared Difference between two input files
SSQ = Sum( (A-B)^2 )
Print the Root Mean Squared Error between two input files
RMSE = sqrt( 1/n * Sum((A-B)^2))
Print the Cross Correlation between two input files
XCORR = Sum((A*B)^2) / (sqrt(Sum(A^2)) * sqrt(Sum(B^2))
Print the z-score difference between two input files
ZSCORE = Sum( |((A - mean(A)) / stdev(A)) -
((B - mean(B)) / stdev(B))| ) / n


text:
Intra-National versus International Trade: How Stubborn are Nations in Global Integration?
This paper examines the home country bias in the goods market among OECD countries. An average country imports about two and a half times as much from itself as from an otherwise identical foreign country, after controlling for sizes of exporter and importer, their direct distance, geographic positions relative to the rest of the world and a possible linguistic tie. If one believes that the substitutability among goods produced in OECD countries is high, as it seems reasonable, the observed bias implies relatively small nontariff barriers. Over 1982-94, the home bias of OECD countries as a whole exhibited a slow but steady decline. The bias in a typical member country of the European Community relative to its imports from other member countries showed a fifty percent decline during the period.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w5531
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded these:


1. Does Singapore have its official Sign Language?
Singapore does not have its own official sign language. Nonetheless, since the 1950s, we DO have our own unique Sign Language, which makes our community unique as Deaf Singaporeans. That's our Singapore Sign Language.
Our Singapore Sign Language (SgSL) is derived from old Shanghainese Sign Language (SSL), American Sign Language (ASL) and signs of Signing Exact Language II (SEE2). Also, our localized signs are developed over time to align along with our Deaf Culture These unique signs are designed for many words unique to Singapore, like Clementi, Marina Bay Sands, and the Esplanade!
You can find out more about our SgSL from the comprehensive WIKIPEDIA.
Please note that our workshops and courses are taught by Deaf. It is led by Lily Goh who has her (at least) 20 years' experiences in teaching Sign Language. You are strongly encouraged to put what you have learnt from the Deaf communities into constant practice.
2. Are the workshops and courses open to members of the public?
Yes, they are open to members of the public who are hearing. We also accept deaf and hard-of-hearing students who wish to learn Sign Language.
Students who are aged 12 and above can apply for our workshops and courses. However, we need to formulate another curriculum for students aged 11 and below.
You need to start from Deaf Introductory Workshop, to Visual-Gestural Communication Workshop, to Basic Communication Levels 1-3 Courses. At this moment, we have our plans to develop and run the Intermediate & Advanced Communication Courses.
3. Can I arrange for the private tuition to learn Sign Language in my own pace? What is the Private-Track mode for Basic Communication Levels 1-3 courses?
Yes, you can learn Sign Language in your own pace, but it is at the best convenience and schedule of the instructor and student. This is the Fast-Track mode for the courses, and it is like a private tuition. The minimum/maximum time period for each session is 2 hours.
Charges* range below:
 - BCLevel 1: S$50.00 per 1 hour per pax
 - BCLevel 2: S$70.00 per 1 hour per pax
 - BCLevel 3: S$100.00 per 1 hour per pax
*Includes transport and other expenses.
4. Is there any assessment in each level of Basic Communication Courses?
Yes, each level has three graded quizzes, and exams. The quizzes are scheduled on Lessons 3, 5 and 7. The exams takes place on the last lesson/session. Please note that Basic Communication Course Levels 1-3 are different from Visual-Gestural Communication (VGC) Workshop as the workshop enables you to develop a better understanding (and practicum) of incorporating gestures in our daily communication through VGC. There is not any graded assessment in the VGC Workshop.
5. Will I get a certificate upon my completion of Basic Communication Course Levels 1-3?
Yes, you will get a Certificate of Completion on the last lesson after you have successfully completed the course with at least 50% pass in the assessment for each level. However, note for our Visual-Gestural Communication Workshop that you won't get any certificate as this does not involve any graded assessment.
6. I have learnt the Level 1 from other schools, such as the Singapore Association for the Deaf. Can I take the Basic Communication Level 2 instead?
Please note that we have our own curriculum that may be different from other training centres/schools. However, you are strongly encouraged to go for our Visual-Gestural Communication Workshop (at the beginner level). This may be on a case-by-case basis. You can drop us an email for a further discussion.
7. Where are your workshops and courses conducted?
We do not have a physical/permanent location. Once the application quota is met, we rent classrooms at Blk 261, Waterloo Street, Level 4 for our courses. The nearest MRT is Bras Basah MRT (Exit A). However, the Deaf Introductory Workshops are conducted at the Disabled People's Association _USER_ Point upon its availability. It has its limited space; it accommodates up to 12 people.
UPDATED AS OF JUNE 2020: In the light of COVID-19, our courses & workshops are conducted via ZOOM. The maximum class size is 8.
8. Can I pay cash on the first lesson?
No, cash payment is not acceptable. We accept online payment for better accountability. The payment shall be made prior to 7-9 working days before the first lesson. Please read the terms & conditions in the application form before you agree to submit it online.
9. Can I use my SkillsFuture Credit to pay for courses/workshops?
We regret to inform you that we have yet to become one of the training providers with SkillsFuture. Note that this business is solely run by Deaf; the one-person operation.
10. Where is the schedule for workshops and courses?
You can find the schedule at this webpage and scroll down to the schedule. Or you can go to our Facebook Page for more updates.
UPDATED AS OF 2017: We are unable to render our services at this moment till further notice.
1. How do I use a sign language interpreter?
The interpreter's job is to facilitate communication between SgSL users and users of spoken language(s), such as English, Mandarin. The interpreter will not give opinions, advice, or support to either party; however sometimes she may ask for clarification to understand what is being said. The interpreter will sit or stand opposite the deaf person and near the main speaker. When you are speaking, talk directly to the deaf person and not to the interpreter. The interpreter will watch the deaf person's signs, and her response will generally be in first person tense. You may see the interpreter using available graphics or handouts to support her interpretation. If you have any questions or concerns, relay them to the interpreter. We are willing to work with everyone involved to meet any needs that arise.
2. Why do I need a team of two interpreters?
Assignments lasting 2 hours or longer in length of time require 2 interpreters to be hired as a team. The reason for this case is to minimize interpreter fatigue. Research shows us the work of understanding one language, analyzing the overt and covert meaning of the language and also the necessary cultural mediation, and then applying the same process to produce an equivalent meaning in a second language, is a very mentally taxing task. After 1 hour of continuous work, the brain becomes fatigued and the quality of the interpretation suffers; errors and omissions rise.
3. Are your interpreters qualified enough for any assignment?
We regret to inform you that there is no association for sign language interpreters in Singapore. There are 6 full-time sign language interpreters in Singapore, and they are from the Singapore Association for the Deaf that is seen as a national body for deaf and hard of hearing people. However, we believe in our quality of service we render you or your organisation for the assignments.
4. When will I have the confirmation for the interpretation service?
Normally, we inform the requestor in 3 working days prior to the appointed date. We reserve the right to reject applications/requests at our own discretion. To avoid any disappointment, we encourage you to book our service online at least 9 working days in advance.


Can I register my students and give them a copy of the Student eTextbook at the same time?
 Please note: to use this, self-registration must be turned on by your User Manager for Dynamic Learning. This can be selected by the User Manager in the dropdown arrow by their name, under 'User Preferences'.
 If your students have their own email addresses where they can receive and access emails sent to them, you can use an access link to allow students to register by email, and get a copy of the eTextbook in the same action to potentially save you some time.
 Please note: this means that students will be in charge of their own passwords through a password reset email. If you wish to control their passwords yourselves, you will need to create username-based accounts and then allocate the eTextbook.
 To do this, select 'Allocate' beneath the title you wish to share:
 If you have more than one level of access for a particular eTextbook (as in the example below, where there are 1, 2, and 3 year copies), please ensure you select the length of access you wish to give your students. Then, select 'create access link':
 This will give you a URL that you can give to students directly; we would recommend sending it to them via email, so that you can simply copy and paste it into the email body:
 Please note: if more students use the link than there are copies available, then any students registering after the copies are gone will have an account, but they will not be allocated a copy. If you have complete run out, you will need to purchase further copies.
 Then, when the students copy and paste that link into a browser, they will be able to select 'Register':
 They will need to fill out their details, including the email address they want to use for the account:
 They will then receive an email to the address stated to create their password. Once they log in, a copy of the eTextbook will be assigned to them, ready for them to use:
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Gravity on Uranus
If you could stand on the surface of Uranus (you can't, for so many reasons), you would experience 89% the force of gravity that you experience on Earth. Another way to look at it is that objects dropped towards Uranus will accelerate towards the planet at 8.69 m/s2.
Does it seem a little strange to you that an planet like Uranus, with the 14 times the mass of Earth, would pull at you with less gravity if you could stand on its surface? The mass is important, but it all depends on how closely that mass is held together. Uranus is the second least dense planet in the Solar System (after Saturn). It has enough volume to hold 63 Earths, but it only has 14 times our mass.
So if you could stand on the surface of the planet – you can't, don't try – you would have a difficult time noticing the lower gravity of Uranus. It would feel very similar to Earth gravity.
What would it be like to walk on other planets? Here's the gravity of Mercury, and here's the gravity of Jupiter.
If you'd like more info on Uranus, check out Hubblesite's News Releases about Uranus. And here's a link to the NASA's Solar System Exploration Guide to Uranus.


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Evaluation of Superpave Fine Aggregate Angularity Specification
MetadataShow full item record
The validity of the Superpave fine aggregate angularity (FAA) requirement is questioned by both the owner agencies and the paving and aggregate industries. The FAA test is based on the assumption that more fractured faces will result in higher void content in the loosely compacted sample; however, this assumption is not always true. Some agencies have found that cubical shaped particles, even with 100 percent fractured faces, may not meet the FAA requirement for high-volume traffic. State agencies are concerned that local materials, previously considered acceptable and which have provided good field performance, cannot meet the Superpave requirements. Researchers evaluated angularity of 23 fine aggregates representing most types of paving aggregates used in the USA using seven different procedures: FAA test, direct shear test, compacted aggregate resistance (CAR) test, three different image analyses, and visual inspection. The three image analyses techniques included Hough Transform at University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR), unified image analysis at Washington State University (WSU), and VDG-40 videograder at Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC). A small study was performed to evaluate relative rutting resistance of HMA containing fines with different particle shape parameters using the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA). The FAA test method does not consistently identify angular, cubical aggregates as high quality materials. There is a fair correlation between the CAR stability value and angle of internal friction (AIF) from the direct shear test. No correlation was found between FAA and CAR stability or between FAA and AIF. Fairly good correlations were found between FAA and all three image analysis methods. Some cubical crushed aggregates with FAA values less than 45 gave very high values of CAR stability, AIF, and 'angularity' from imaging techniques. Moreover, the three image analysis methods exhibited good correlation among themselves. A statistical analysis of the SHRP-LTPP (Strategic Highway Research Program-Long-Term Pavement Performance) database revealed no significant evidence relationship between FAA and rutting. This lack of relationship is not surprising since many uncontrolled factors contribute to pavement rutting. The APA study revealed that FAA is not sensitive to rut resistance of HMA mixtures. Image analysis methods appear promising for measuring fine aggregate angularity. Until a suitable replacement method(s) for FAA can be identified, the authors recommend that the FAA criteria be lowered from 45 to 43 for 100 percent crushed aggregate. Analysis of the FAA versus rutting data should be examined later as the amount of data in the SHRP-LTTP database is expanded.


Word of the Day
audio pronunciation
November 11, 2008
: the right to engage in coastal trade or transport
Some assert that the problem would be resolved if the government would simply relax restrictions on cabotage.
Did You Know?
Coastlines were once so important to the French that they came up with a verb to name the act of sailing along a coast: "caboter." That verb gave rise to the French noun "cabotage," which named trade or transport along a coast. In the 16th century, the French legally limited their lucrative coastal trade, declaring that only French ships could trade in French ports. They called the right to conduct such trading "cabotage" too. Other nations soon embraced both the concept of trade restrictions and the French name for trading rights, and expanded the idea to inland trade as well. Later, English speakers also applied "cabotage" to the rights that allowed domestic airlines to travel within national boundaries but that prevented foreign carriers from doing so.
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Friday, January 25, 2013
The ParaSail "import" clause -- library level visibility
We have postponed implementing the "import" clause for ParaSail until just recently. That may seem somewhat surprising. Up until now, any ParaSail module could refer to any other ParaSail module, provided it used its full expanded name (e.g. a name of the form Acme::Killer_App::Driver). This works fine for small programs, but as programs grow larger, there is often a desire to be more restrictive (on the one hand) as far as interdependencies, and provide a shorthand (on the other hand) for long module names.
So now in ParaSail, you can both restrict visibility, and create shorthands, using a (Java-like) import clause:
 import Acme::Killer_App::Driver
will both give visibility on this Driver module, and provide a shorthand of simply "Driver" to refer to it. Alternatively, you can gain visibility on all of the modules in a hierarchy, along with shorthands for the top-level items in the hierarchy:
 import Acme::Killer_App::*
gives visibility on Acme::Killer_App::Driver, Acme_Killer_App::Utilities, etc. as well as allowing the use of the shorthand names "Driver" and "Utilities" directly in the source code that follows the import clause.
In the absence of any applicable import clauses, a default is provided based on the name of the module being compiled. If the module being compiled has the name "A::B::C" then the default import clause, when none is supplied, is "import A::B::*". That is, the module has visibility on the entire hierarchy of modules rooted at its parent module A::B, and can use the names of its sibling modules directly as a shorthand (e.g. can refer to A::B::D as simply "D").
Whether or not explicit import clauses apply to a piece of ParaSail source code, the following two implicit import clauses always apply:
 import PSL::Core::*
 import PSL::Containers::*
This ensures visibility on, and shorthands for, the standard ParaSail types such as Boolean and Univ_Integer, and the standard ParaSail containers such as Vector and Map.
Within a single source file containing multiple modules, a given set of import clauses apply to the modules following the import clause(s) up until the end of the source file, or to the next set of import clauses. Whenever a new set of import clauses is given, the new set completely replace any earlier imports. So there is no inheritance or accumulation of import clauses. Only one set applies at a time (after always adding in the implicit ones for PSL::Core::* and PSL::Containers::*).
So why did we choose this particular approach for the import clause, and how does it compare to that of other languages?
Programming languages take many different approaches to controlling visibility between standalone program units defined at the top level of some source file. C and C++ use a strictly textual _TAG_ approach, where what is defined by some included declaration is visible, and what is not declared in any included text file is invisible. There are many well known troublesome issues with such an approach, but it has the advantage of simplicity. However, some of the nice simplicity is lost when you add in the notion of "extern" declarations and single-definition rules and such. Much of the nastiness comes from nested includes, and multiple includes with redefinitions of macros which allow the various includes of the same file to have different effects.
Languages like Modula, Ada, Java, etc., adopted a module-based approach to standalone unit visibility, where an import clause or a with clause or something similar is used to indicate what other modules are available for use within a given module. The import clause specifies the name of the module or modules to be imported, using their programming language name rather than their file name. Some implementations of such languages require that modules be stored in files whose filenames are derivable from the module name, but that is not always required, and in Java is only required for a public class or interface, but not for package-visible classes or interfaces that come along for the ride in the same file. In module-based approaches, there is typically no transitive importing, in that each module must specify the modules on which it wants visibility -- it doesn't get visibility on a module B just because it imports a module A that imports B. It must import B directly.
Note that Ada does allow the body of a library unit to inherit the with clauses from its spec, as well as from its parent units in the library unit hierarchy. Hence a with clause on the spec for a package Acme would be inherited by the Acme package body, as well as the Acme.Killer_App spec and body, and so on. For most other languages, there is no inheriting of import clauses between source files, even when one is defining the implementation for a module and the other is defining the interface for the module.
The new language Go has an interesting approach, where filenames are used in the import clauses, but they are treated more like modules, in that there is no automatic transitivity, and the imported files never need be read more than once, even if they are indirectly imported several times. Go was designed in part in response to the unpleasant effects of the C++ _TAG_ rules, which in large systems can dramatically slow down compilation.
Other solutions to the C/C++ _TAG_ unpleasantries exist, some based on a "_TAG_ Once" approach which says that a given include file should only be read once, and others based on an idiomatic use of _TAG_/_TAG_'s bracketing the text of each include file.
Another dimension over which importing differs is the provision of shorthands for imported declarations. In Java, for example, no import clause is required if the programmer is willing to refer to an externally-defined class by using its full name (such as A Java import clause is primarily designed to provide a shorthand for a class/interface name (by writing "import"), or for all of the classes/interfaces in a given package (by writing "import*"). Java also provides an implicit import of java.lang.*, providing shorthands for all of the most basic Java classes and interfaces without need for an explicit import clause. Modula (and Python) provides a shorthand when using an import clause of the form "from M import A, B" which makes the names A and B directly visible.
Ada has a different approach to shorthands. The contents of any package may be made directly nameable using a "use" clause (e.g. "use Pkg;" makes Pkg.A nameable as simply "A").
So now back to the approach adopted for ParaSail. ParaSail follows the Java model as far as shorthands, in that an "import Acme::Killer_App::Driver" has the effect of making "Driver" usable directly within the code that follows. But unlike in Java, if the programmer gives explicit import clauses, then they restrict what modules the source code may use. If the name of a module is not covered by one of the explicit import clauses, and is not within PSL::Core::* or PSL::Containers::*, then no reference may be made to it, even with its full name. What this means is that if an import clause is present, it ensures that no unexpected dependencies on outside modules can occur due to some buried full-name reference.
ParaSail also eschews any inheritance of import clauses from other modules, such as the parent module or the interface of the module. Import clauses apply to a piece of source code, namely the source code that follows the import clauses, up until the next set of import clauses, or the end of the file. This means that identifying what other modules are relevant to understanding a given piece of source code is fully circumscribed by the applicable import clauses.
Thursday, January 10, 2013
Rev 3.8 release brings initial I/O library, import clauses
We are pleased to release alpha revision 3.8 of the ParaSail compiler and virtual machine, available at the same URL:
This release includes a number of new features, including support for the import clause, and a standard library now defining modules with names like PSL::Core::Boolean and PSL::Containers::Set (rather than simply Boolean or Set). There are some new I/O modules, including PSL::Core::IO, PSL::Core::File_Input_Stream, and PSL::Core::File_Output_Stream. These last two support simple textual file I/O. We will be providing additional libraries oriented toward a graphical user interface in an upcoming release. The reference manual has also been updated to cover some of the newer features. As usual, consult the release notes for more details on the 3.8 revision.
We will write a separate blog entry about the design of the import clause -- it brought out some interesting issues. Every ParaSail module has an implicit import of PSL::Core::* and PSL::Containers::* so the introduction of the import clause shouldn't cause any compatibility issues with existing code.


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A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America
Reeling In Evidence of Early Fishing
Volume 65 Number 2, March/April 2012
Two 11-square-foot pits dug in Jerimalai Cave on the east end of East Timor, an island nation off northwestern Australia, have provided some of the earliest evidence of fishing technology. Though there is little evidence of fishing activity beyond 10,000 years ago, fragments of fish hooks found in the cave date to between 16,000 and 23,000 years ago, making them the oldest ever recovered. A more complete hook dating to 11,000 years ago was also found at the site.
The inch-long hooks, all of which were made of shells from sea snails, would have been used to catch shallow-water fish, such as grouper and snapper, says Sue O'Connor, an archaeologist at Australian National University, who coauthored a study on the finds in Science. "They would have had a fiber line attached to the shank, and bait put on the hook," she explains. "Then, they would be cast or lowered into the water and left stationary."
Fish bones were also found in the deposits. Offshore species, such as tuna, account for nearly 50 percent of the remains dating to earlier than 7000 B.C. After that, shallow-water and reef species start to dominate, likely due to warmer climate and the proliferation of reef habitat. The variety of the bones depicts the humans of the time as skilled seafarers capable of fishing many species in both shallow and deep water.Share


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Could anyone tell me what is the relationship between VDDE2 and VDDE2A supply pins of SPC5777C? Could they be tied to different voltages, for example, VDDE2 tied to 5V and VDDE2A tied to 3.3V?
Thanks in advance.
There is none. In the device predecessor (MPC5676R) it was one domain. On the MPC5777C it has been split onto 2 domains (in order to minimize I/O pins affected when using Ethernet).
Yes, they can be tied to different voltages, as you shown in the example.
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Johann Gottfried von Herder (_PHONE_) was a German poet, critic, and philosopher.
Herder's critical writings indicated his intuitive rather than reasoning trend of thought. He collected folk songs and poetry of all nations, published as Summen der Volker in Liedern / Voices of the People in Song (1778), and in the Ideen zur Philosophic der Geschichte der Menschheit / Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man (_PHONE_) he outlined the stages of human cultural development.
He gave considerable impulse to the Romantic Sturm und Drang / Storm and Stress movement in German literature.
Why is Johann Gottfried Herder famous?
Johann Gottfried Herder was a German philosopher, poet and literary critic.