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DO-178C is the international and de facto standard for certifying all aviation safety-critical software.
The purpose of DO-178C is to provide guidance for developing airborne software systems to ensure that it performs its intended function with a level of confidence commiserate with its airworthiness requirement.
DO-178C is objective driven and companies may use a variety of means to achieve compliance as long as they meet the objectives in question. To comply with DO-178C, companies must provide multiple supporting documents and records surrounding their development processes.
Different airworthiness levels within DO-178C—A, B, C, D and E—directly correspond to the consequences of a potential software failure: catastrophic, hazardous/severe-major, major, minor or no effect, respectively.
Each software level has a defined number of objectives that need to be satisfied (some with independence). Objectives requiring independence need documentary evidence that the person verifying the item is not be the person who developed the item.
These different software level certifications also determine the rigor required in testing and other aspects of development—the most challenging of which is software verification.
DO-178C compliance involves six key processes: planning, development, verification, configuration management, quality assurance (QA) and certification liaison.
One of the significant changes in DO-178C from DO-178B is that there are four additional supplements that may be used in conjunction with the DO-178C.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)EASA and Transport Canada approve all commercial software-based aerospace systems. Through DO-178C these certification authorities emphasize that achieving compliance needs to be done in all aspects of development.
Want to learn more about DO-178C? Tonex offers DO-178C Training, a 3-day course where participants learn about the compliance aspects of DO-178C and comprehend the objectives of DO-178C as the primary means for meeting airworthiness requirements to obtain approval of software used in civil aviation products.
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Modelling Language Implementation on ADOxx
In this section we focus on the implementation of the model structure/modelling language in ADOxx. As a starting point the specification and definition of a modelling method, as defined in [Karagiannis2002], is used to set the modelling language in context with the modelling procedure, mechanisms and algorithms, resulting in a modelling method. In the following subsections we focus on the modelling technique, more precisely on the modelling language consisting of:
- Notation: the representation of a modelling construct (e.g. graphical)
- Syntax: the specification of a modelling construct
- Semantic: the definition of the meaning for a modelling construct
A modelling construct can be a (concrete) class, relation class, modeltype or attribute.
Generic Modelling Method Framework
Peforming a further drill-down into the modelling language, the following concepts are of interest from an implementation perspective:
- Classes and Relations: as the base modelling constructs for every modelling toolkit
- Attributes on Instance and Class Level: to provide means to specify instance objects or define classes accordingly.
- Special Attributes on Instance and Class Level: to enable ADOxx specific functionality, such as attribute-dependent graphical notation.
- Attribute facets: configuration of attribute appearance and behaviour
- Modeltypes and model type attributes: similiar as for classes and relations on the model type level.
Meta Model of Meta Modelling Language
Karagiannis, D., Kühn, H.: „Metamodelling Platforms". In Bauknecht, K., Min Tjoa, A., Quirchmayer, G. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Third International Conference EC-Web 2002 – Dexa 2002, Aix-en-Provence, France, September 2002, LNCS 2455, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p. 182 ff.
Available online at _URL_
Kühn, H. (2004). Methodenintegration im Business Engineering. PhD Thesis, University of Vienna

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Elizabeth Báthory is known as Bloody Lady of Cachtice, the most infamous serial killer in Hungarian and Slovak history. She was an educated woman who could read and write in four languages. The Báthory family was one of the wealthiest in Central Europe. The rivalry they had with the Habsburgs is considered a potential reason for conspiracy against her.
Oil Painting of the Countess, believed to be a realistic portrait
In 1610 and 1611, testimonies were collected from more than 300 witness accounts, which suggest that Báthory killed many local peasant girls. The descriptions of torture that emerged during the trials were often based on hearsay. They included:
- severe beatings over extended periods of time
- burning or mutilation of hands, faces, and genitalia
- biting the flesh off the faces, arms and other bodily parts
- freezing or starving victims to death
In 1610, she was imprisoned in Cachtice Castle, where she remained in her room until her death four years later.
If you watched Hostel – Part II, you saw a woman (Monika Malacova) bathing in the blood draining out of a hanging victim. Eli Roth called her Mrs. Bathory. This is in reference to the legend that Elizabeth Báthory bathed in the blood of her victims so that she may retain her youth and beauty. This legend was spread in the 1700s by men like László Turóczi and Matthias Bel. However, there is no proof that this ever happened.
Scene from Hostel: Part Eww
The emergence of the bloodbath myth coincided with the vampire scares that haunted Europe in the early 18th century. The connection between the two myths would later be made in the 1970s. Some have tried to establish the myth surrounding Elizabeth Báthory as a source of influence for Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. This theory is strongly disputed, however.
Ingrid Pitt in Countess Dracula, a Hammer horror film from 1971 based on Elizabeth Báthory
There's a movie called Bathory that was created by Slovak filmmaker Juraj Jakubisko and released in 2008. The plot deals with the life of Elizabeth Báthory and takes place in what is now Slovakia (at the time it was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary). Said Jakubisko about the film:
�Countess Elizabeth Bathory is the most famous Austro-Hungarian aristocrat that lived in what is Slovakia today. She supposedly murdered 650 people during her lifetime. I think this theory is absurd and thought of creating my own legend, which would show her in a completely different light, very tender, and tenderness is related to art� What is interesting about this story is that it doesn�t even lack humour and it is also a kind of crime story as there are two monks investigating what is actually going on with Bathory. But there is also political intrigue, and the drama of an intelligent woman too weak to face all the odds she had to face� It is the story of a woman, Elizabeth Bathory, who, in short, was unfortunate to have been born at the wrong time in history��

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Tse YM's Flexi Plasmid Draw Basic
Copyright reserved by Maverick Tse Yuk Man, 2008
version 1.8 release
 1. Enter the name(optional) and size of a plasmid (any positive integer, required field) in the first two fields
 2. Enter the starting co-ordinate of your plasmid feature (in bp)
 3. Enter the ending co-ordinate of the feature. If this value is less than the starting co-ordinate, the arrow will be drawn anti-clockwise.Note that feature cannot span across the top most point of the circle. The illusion of a feature spanning across the top of circle can be done by creating 2 features (Feature 1: x-->plasmid size; Feature 2: 0 -->y)
 4. Add all the features required (up to 15). The the features can overlap each other without problem.
 5. Tick the 'visibility' checkboxes on the left to show only the features that you want.
 6. Click "Generate SVG Code" button to get your plasmid map as SVG code in the text box at the bottom.
 7. Copy and save the SVG code in a text file with the extension.svg
 8. View the plasmid by opening the svg file with Firefox or Opera browser. The image can be edited visually with Inkscape and save as PNG or WMF files for use with other software. If you are REALLY lazy or you cannot run Inkscape, you can view the image in Firefox and hit PrintScreen and edit the captured bitmap.
Other Options Color Reference
Rainbow Color Wheel and RGB percentage values
Red-Yellow Spectrum
Yellow-Green Spectrum
Green-Blue Spectrum
Blue-Red Spectrum
Hint: You can draw a truncated circle or arrow by making a box-shaped feature white, and cover the feature/backbone at the bottom. Note that features that are drawn later can cover the features drawn earlier. e.g. Feature 5 can cover Feature 3 but not the reverse. To see what this program is capable of, see Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3.
Required Input
Optional Settings
Plasmid size:bp
Plasmid name:
Canvas Width(px):
Canvas Height(px):
Feature width:
Arrow angle (degree):
Wing size (px):
Text size(px):
Show text: Show plasmid size: Show backbone:
Backbone Thinkness:
Feature List:
Visible?Name: Italic? Start: End: Arrow?%Red %Green %Blue
Save the following code as a.SVG file:


Did you know about Nuclear Battery?
Nuclear Battery
The person is familiar with nuclear energy in nuclear power plants but not in batteries. Nuclear batteries are in fact closer to nuclear power plants than traditional batteries in that they use radioactivity to generate power instead of storing an amount of charge.
When compared to chemical batteries, nuclear batteries are characterized by higher volumetric energy density (therefore longer battery life) and stronger endurance in harsh conditions. This report will explore the present state of nuclear battery technology and recently discovered possible breakthroughs.
Nuclear batteries use the incredible amount of energy released naturally by tiny bits of radioactive material without any fission or fusion taking place inside the battery.
Nuclear battery
How do nuclear battery work?
Nuclear battery technology was first established 1913, when Henry Moseley demonstrated the beta cell. The field received considerable research and attention for applications requiring long-life power sources for space needs during the 1950s. In 1954 RCA (Radio Corporation of America) developed a small nuclear battery for small radio receivers and hearing aids. Nuclear battery is a device which uses energy from the decay of a radioactive isotope to generate electricity.
Like nuclear reactors nuclear battery generate electricity from radiation energy, but differ from them as they do not use a chain reaction. Also known as Atomic Battery and Radioisotope Generator, these batteries generate power in the range of 10 KW to 100 KW.A nuclear battery has a life span of decades and has the potential to be almost 200 times more efficient than presently available batteries.
A nuclear battery is simply a decaying Radio isotopic material whose Beta and Alpha emissions is used to generate energy. In laymen's term the emission of Beta and Alpha particles provide the main source of the battery.
These emissions are introduced into the electrode which develops the potential difference making the current to flow through the load. There are two ways to convert this decaying radiation to useful electrical energy. They are called as:
Thermal Conversion – In this conversion technique the output power is a function of the temperature difference.
Non-Thermal Conversion – In this conversion technique the output power does not depend on the temperature difference.
Thermionic Conversion- A thermionic converter consists of two electrodes one of which thermionically radiates electrons as it is heated to a high temperature. The other electrode collects these electrons. The space between the electrodes is usually vacuum but sometimes it is filled with cesium vapor to increase the efficiency of the electrodes.
Radioisotopic Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)-It is a thermoelectric converter which uses thermocouples to convert the heat energy to electric energy. Each thermocouple is formed from two wires of different metals (or other materials).
A temperature change along the length of the wire produces a voltage change from one end of the wire to the other. It is a static generator with no moving parts. It is the most sought after energy source for unmanned machines and remote location facilities.
 - Unlike regular battery they have a life span of decades and can power a device for a long time.
 - It is a reliable source of energy and can be used for a long time without and maintenance.
 - It delivers a very high density of power and is very light weight.
 - Produces little to no waste and does not give out greenhouse gases.
 - The fuel used is the waste from a nuclear reactor and is recycled and used as a source for nuclear battery.
 - It has a very high initial cost for the production of energy as it is still in experimental stage.
 - The energy conversion methodology is not much advanced.
 - The Radio isotopic source does not allow it to be used everywhere at least not in the present.
 - The exposure to Alpha and Beta radiation is a big health concern. This can be prevented by covering the battery in a thin layer of aluminum to prevent the leakage of radiation.
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I set out to find a simple answer to a simple question: Why is there no meat in mincemeat? It was going to be a tidy tale of how a misnomer was born. Look up a few Web sites, collect a few facts, wrap them in a nice story, and on to the next project. As so often happens, however, my research took a rather circuitous path as I kept discovering connections and facts that I'd had no inkling of when I started out. The story of mincemeat is more interesting—and convoluted—than I ever imagined.
Mincemeat is, I must confess, a topic about which I have never felt much passion. In my family, mincemeat pie was simply one of a half dozen standard Christmas dessert choices. I rarely had room for more than two, and in my personal hierarchy of dessert preferences, mincemeat ranked well below Johnny Bull Pudding and blackberry pie. On the occasions I did eat mincemeat pie, it made no particular impression on me other than provoking a vague curiosity at its name, since whatever the filling was, it clearly did not contain any meat.
One explanation for the name could be that in Old English, the word meat had the more generic meaning of "food," whether or not it happened to come from the flesh of animals. Thus, a mincemeat pie would actually have been a "minced food" pie, which could have been anything. However plausible this may sound, however, this explanation turns out to be incorrect (or at least misleading).
A Pie Fit for a King (or Two)
Centuries ago, mincemeat was so named for the very straightforward reason that it contained minced animal flesh (and in fact sometimes still does—more on this later). Beyond that, the details of its provenance and development are hazy. I have read a few unsubstantiated reports stating that mincemeat pie was served at least as far back as 1413, at the coronation of King Henry V of England, and that further, it was a favorite of Henry VIII. There is no record of the composition of these early dishes, but recipes dating from the early 17th century list a variety of wild game, plus eggs, fruit, spices, and sweeteners. According to some accounts, early mincemeat pies were small, like tarts; according to others, they were immense, weighing as much as 220 pounds (100kg). In any case, meat and fruit were invariably included among the ingredients.
Going back even further, however, there are some who believe mincemeat pie is based on an ancient pagan tradition of serving coffin-shaped cakes representing Osiris—the Egyptian god who, according to legend, died and was resurrected each year. This ritual took place on the winter solstice, December 21, and this very festival was later co-opted by Christians looking for a convenient date to celebrate Christmas (and stamp out pagan influences in the process). Along with the Yule log and the evergreen tree, the mincemeat pie is arguably a remnant of the original pagan celebrations that persisted when the holiday was refashioned.
Mincemeat's Second Coming
One person who believed this argument was 17th-century Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell felt that Christians had no business observing the birth of Christ by eating, drinking, and merrymaking—certainly not on a pagan holiday, and using pagan symbols. So he abolished Christmas in England in 1657. Two years later, he prevailed upon authorities in Connecticut and Massachusetts to ban Christmas celebrations there too. The prohibition specifically disallowed mincemeat pies, which were characterized as being sinful both for their symbolic origin and their inherent richness. But Cromwell's attempt to put the last nail in the coffin of mincemeat failed; it rose again. Within two centuries the ban on Christmas had been all but forgotten, and mincemeat was once again a staple in both Christmas and Thanksgiving celebrations. But over those years mincemeat had undergone a change in character. Perhaps as a way of obeying the letter of the law while maintaining tradition, some people had begun to leave out the meat in mincemeat, replacing it with nuts, apples, and raisins…along with brandy or rum. That, in short, is why the name doesn't always match the ingredients.
This leaves the question of why anyone would think to mix meat and fruit in a pie in the first place. This notion seems to elicit "yuck" responses from many people, but I don't see why. Sweet and sour pork contains pineapple; some curried meat dishes contain raisins. There's nothing unnatural about mixing meat and fruit. It's just not common to see them together in baked goods (though I have frequently said that the idea of chicken cinnamon raisin cookies sounds good to me). One commentator opined that the mixture was simply a method of preservation, as the combination of the acids from the fruits and the heat from baking inhibited the growth of bacteria in the meat. That seems vaguely plausible, though I prefer the simpler explanation: it just tastes good.
Today, a few recipes for mincemeat (and some brands of jarred mincemeat) do indeed contain meat, but of those that don't, most of them still contain suet, the hard layer of fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys of cattle. To be sure, this doesn't sound like an appetizing dessert ingredient. And yet, it turns out to be one of the main ingredients (again, along with raisins) in Johnny Bull Pudding, the dessert I customarily ate on Christmas instead of mincemeat pie. There's just no escaping tradition. —Joe Kissell


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Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Find Forensic Accountants in Rosemont
Common questions about Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Just how much does forensic accounting cost nearby Rosemont?
Just how much do forensic accountants cost? That depends upon the complexity of the work however most forensic accountants require a deposit of $3,000.00 to $5,000.00 to begin.
Why do you need a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont, California?
Forensic accounting is making use of accounting skills to investigate scams, embezzlement and other abnormalities hidden as financial deals. While the tasks of forensic accountants generally lead them to examine and evaluate, they might likewise be called upon to work as expert witnesses in court.
How do you become a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont?
Steps for Becoming a Forensic AccountantAttend a degree program and/or gain experience in an associated field. * Take and pass the Uniform Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Examination. ** Apply for an employment opportunity as a forensic accountant.Complete an interview.Get employed as a forensic accountant.
Are forensic accountants in demand nearby Rosemont, CA?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasts 13% job development for accountants and auditors by 2022. The growth of all forensic accounting jobs must correspond with this rate, if not surpass it due increasing monetary regulations, with some estimates forecasting a 20% development in need for investigative auditors.
What do forensic accountants try to find around Rosemont?
Forensic Accountants combine their accounting, auditing, and investigative abilities to search for and discover details relating to monetary irregularities, deceptive activity, and commercial neglect.
Who can be a forensic accountant near Rosemont, CA?
Forensic accountants are accountants that integrate basic accounting knowledge with investigative skills in several settings. These kinds of accountants can be employed by public and private accounting companies, police, personal companies, financial institutions, and government companies.
Is auditing forensic accounting in Rosemont, CA?
Forensic Accounting– Financial/Fraud Investigation A forensic audit is more including than a financial statement audit in regards to assessing the entity's internal control structure and recognition of alleged fraudulent activity or abnormalities.
Who does forensic audits around Rosemont, CA?
A forensic audit is an assessment and examination of a company's or specific's financial records to obtain evidence that can be utilized in a legal action. A forensic audit may be performed to prosecute a celebration for scams, embezzlement, or another criminal behavior.
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA
About Forensic Accountant
Zip Codes
95826 95827
About Rosemont, California
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Forensic Accountant
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Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA


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The Output window can display status messages for various features in the integrated development environment (IDE). To open the Output window, on the View menu, click Output (or press CTRL + ALT + O).
The Output window is not found on the View menu in Visual Studio Express editions. You can use the hotkey CTRL + ALT + O to bring it up.
To display the Output window whenever you build a project, in the General, Projects and Solutions, Options Dialog Box, select Show Output window when build starts. Then, with a code file open for editing, click the Go to Next Message and Go To Previous Message buttons on the Output window toolbar to select entries in the Output pane. As you do this, the insertion point in the code editor jumps to the line of code where the selected problem occurs.
Certain IDE features and commands invoked in the Command Window deliver their output to the Output window. Output from external tools such as.bat and.com files, which is typically displayed in the Command Prompt window, is routed to an Output pane when you select the Use Output Window option in the External Tools dialog box. Many other kinds of messages can be displayed in Output panes as well. For example, when Transact-SQL syntax in a stored procedure is checked against a target database, the results are displayed in the Output window.
You can also program your own applications to write diagnostic messages at run time to an Output pane. To do this, use members of the Debug class or Trace class in the System.Diagnostics namespace of the.NET Framework Class Library. Members of the Debug class display output when you build Debug configurations of your solution or project; members of the Trace class display output when you build either Debug or Release configurations. For more information, see Diagnostic Messages in the Output Window.
In Visual C++, you can create custom build steps and build events whose warnings and errors are displayed and counted in the Output pane. By pressing F1 on a line of output, you can display an appropriate help topic. For more information, see Formatting the Output of a Custom Build Step or Build Event.


Nowadays, many people suffer from muscle and joint pain. The simple reason: obesity and lack of exercise. The joints are under enormous strain. Of course, this can also happen to people who do a lot of sport and thereby overload their joints. Due to all these facts, it is important to start with the necessary prevention at a young age in order to postpone the aging of the skeleton as long as possible. Swiss herbal balms contain the most important basic substances and effective herbal extracts with which existing diseases can be optimally treated.
TOP1PLUS heat balm has a long-lasting and mild warming effect. It helps reduce back, joint, bone and muscle pain. It improves blood circulation and has anti-inflammatory effects. The heat balm can be used for strains, sprains, bruises and sports injuries. It can relieve rheumatic pain. TOP1PLUS heat balm is helpful for people who play sports to relax over-exerted muscles. This balm is quickly absorbed into the skin due to its liquid formula. Vitamins A and E protect the skin.
 - To promote blood circulation in the skin
 - Back pain
 - muscle pain
 - Joint pain


Fabulous Needle-Felted Bouquet
 - Decadent Fibers Needle-Felting Foam, 2"x8"x10"
 - Decadent Fibers Custom Hand-Dyed Roving
 - Felting needle
 - Needle felting mat
 - Read "Needle Felting Technique" before beginning project.
 - For petals, jab felting needle into fiber on foam in an up and down motion. Fibers will felt in direction needle is jabbed. Periodically pull shapes up off of foam, turn over and needle felt other side. For a sharp and refined petal edge, jab needle into side of petal at an angle towards middle. Create a number of petals for each flower and attach 1-2 petals to center at a time, using felting needle until they are all connected.
 - For flower center, place wisps of color in center where petals are joined; needle felt in place. Make center as large as desired, adding dimension to flower. Add some interesting color and shading to petals once they are in a flower shape. For cup shape, jab at an angle up through petal to curl up fibers on inside and outside bottom of flower. Add some green fiber to bottom of flower for attaching stem.
 - For stem, choose from many variations, from sticks from nature to pipe wrapped with wool. Tightly wrap wool roving around top of stem. Bend grapevine wrapped floral wire in a "U" shape and needle felt a small rectangle of green fivers down across "u" and into back of flower. Crimp "u" together and needle felt more green fibers to shape fiber back.
Needle Felting Technique
 - 1. Felting is an ancient art, but needle felting is a phenomena that is taking the needle arts world by storm! It is a creative process that appears magical using just a few simple tools, instructions and your creativity. As you jab your felting needle down through the wool fibers, the barbs on the needle grab onto the fibers, entangling and interlocking them, felting them down permanently. The more you jab the needle through the fiber the more the fibers felt. Use many short fast jabs and remember the angle at which you pierce the fibers is the angle at which they will felt. The longer you jab, the denser the felt. You will be amazed at your creative ability and the magic of the dry felt technique! You are actually sculpting the fiber using the felting needle.
 - 2. Using a few simple shapes like hearts, circles and ovals can create more flowers. Refer to the bouquet photo as you create various flower shapes. Pull of small wisps of colored fiber; hold the fiber with your thumbs and first two fingers using both hands, quickly, but gently, tug in opposite directions so the fibers will easily pull apart. Lay these wisps thinly on your decadent foam at right angles to each other. Do not be tempted to lay down thick layers of fiber; many thin wisps will needle felt easier. Go easy as you can always add more fibers at any time.
by Decadent Fibers
Fabulous Needle Felted Bouquet
Fabulous Needle Felted Bouquet Closeup View
Closeup View


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What is the difference between video and grabación? In other words, what types of "videos" does each describe? Which of the two would best describe a video recorded using a home video recorder or digital camera?
To me, there's mostly a one to one relation between vídeo in Spanish and video in English, and between grabación and recording.
That said, video can also mean video cassette recorder, or video cassette.
They are similar, but are used in different ways:
Usually translates to just 'video', though it has other meanings.
It can be translated to recording, and it means:
So they have similar meanings, but for vídeo the most common is the concept of a video, and for grabación it's the act of recording a vídeo.
A 'grabación' is best used for non-professional video recording. 'Vídeos' is used for any kind of visual media, usually for short formats.
If you refer to a short format like a youtube video or a video taken with the phone you will say 'vídeo'. But we usually say 'vídeo' if the video is in VHS or BETA format. Those video magnetic cases are named 'vídeos'.
Here you have some examples that I might help you...


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NI, the provider of platform-based systems that enable engineers and scientists to solve the world's greatest engineering challenges, announced that major automotive manufacturers like Subaru are using NI hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) technology to simulate actual road conditions for electric vehicle testing, eliminating environmental factors to reduce test time and costs.
Traditionally, engineers have conducted vehicle tests using finished cars on test courses or public roads to check the vehicle's performance and safety response. However, certain limitations, such as weather and fluctuating road surface conditions, can make it difficult to conduct reproducible tests on roads in a timely manner. Moreover, electric vehicles are extremely complex due to their many subsystems, which are all interdependent on each other. This complexity makes the job challenging for automotive test engineers with short development cycles and pressure to limit costs.
To combat these issues, Subaru replaced the roads in the validation tests with a NI HIL simulation solution built on NI PXI products and LabVIEW software. With the HIL system, Subaru can eliminate environmental factors and thoroughly and efficiently test a vehicle's embedded controller in a virtual environment before running real-world diagnostics on the complete system.
"By using NI PXI products and LabVIEW, we were able to completely implement a customized HIL system in just one to two weeks and develop our software in-house," said Daisuke Umiguchi, Electrified Power Unit Research and Experiment Dept., Subaru Corporation. "This helped us keep product purchasing costs to around one-third of the cost of adopting solutions from other companies, and, because of our familiarity with LabVIEW, keep our software development costs to around one-sixth of the cost of commissioning an outside developer."
Subaru further outfitted its vehicle test solution with a controller-driven dynamometer by HORIBA and CarSim vehicle dynamics simulation software deployed by Virtual Mechanics. Together, they produce load conditions equivalent to those generated on actual roads. This driving system transmits the calculated values to the NI HIL system in real time to create closed-loop control between the models on the HIL system and the driving system. As a result, the HIL interaction system can apply the appropriate load to the vehicle throughout the tests.
Subaru plans to use this test system at the final stages of development for electric vehicles as a final quality check, and eventually expand its use for all car types. By adopting this system, Subaru anticipates reducing labor hours by half compared to conventional methods.


How to Pass a Mouth Swab Drug Test – HØJ
How to Pass a Mouth Swab Drug Test
To discover drug use among their workers, the vast majority of employers perform oral swab tests. Mouth swab testing is much easier to pass than a blood or urine test, because substance use will typically not show up in the results more than a few days earlier. In recent years, the saliva test has become a favorite for authorities. Saliva drug tests, due to the modern technologies, offer instant answers with minimally invasive procedures.
Ironically, this mouth swab or saliva test is also job applicants and drug users favorite.. Why do they prefer this method? Simply because mouth swab tests have the nearest window of detection. This means that they are particularly applied to detect immediate or very recent cannabis consumption, while urine tests normally detect use of cannabis prior to the week and hair follicle tests detect consumption over the past 3 months
In addition, this kind of test is increasing in popularity, as smoking or consuming marijuana in any form has expanded into the mainstream. The tests can be performed on-site without the need of a medical professional to perform or supervise the process. Besides, the results can be determined immediately.
Advices found online are useless or even counterproductive, but there are a handful simple ways to improve your chances of passing a mouth swab drug test. Would you know how to undergo a mouth swab and saliva test successfully if an officer pulled you over or your employer approached you at work all of a sudden?
How to Pass a Cotton Swab Test in 24 hours
For those who don't know what this is all about, the drug tests for saliva and urine detect completely different compounds. Urine samples show THC-COOH, a metabolite produced by the body as it metabolizes delta-9 THC, the psychoactive compound that gets you stoned when you inhale or eat it.
On the other hand, swab tests are searching for activated THC, that is, delta-9 THC. In other words, after you hit your vape, do a dab, or just puff on a joint, the test will detect exactly what you would have all over the inside of your mouth. Saliva tests merely focus on the inside of the mouth instead of testing for it in the bloodstream, unlike blood or urine tests. Saliva test supporters claim they have greater precision.
Saliva tests will only gather THC during the last 24 hours in most situations. Otherwise, THC would have already disappeared as the body is able to metabolize it during this amount of time. In some cases, tests may show positive for anywhere around three days and up to a week. Others, on the other hand, mention its ease of passing regardless of usage. Saliva testing is used for roadside drug tests outside of job and school testing, which has raised its own controversy. Although saliva test advocates support their presumed improved accuracy, they offer a much narrower window for testers to screen a subject.
Next, you will find a list of good solutions you probably will think of as enjoyable to pass a mouth swab drug test in less than 24 hours.
Give it a Rest
We barely have time to work with, yet saliva tests should therefore detect freshly consumed THC in the lining of the mouth like it has been noted. Therefore, a positive result it's highly unlikely to show up if you restrain your pot consumption 1 or 2 days before. This way, it won't ruin your opportunity of coming out unscathed.
That's why the safest way to transfer is a nice tolerance break. A 24 hours detox is believed to be enough. It is recommended for those who are not that motivated to abstain from cannabis use for a week or so.
However, everybody is different. This is why you should consider the amount you consume. It might be prudent to go a few extra days until you have no THC in your body if you're an everyday heavy user. The break might not be entirely necessary, but if the test turns positive, who wants to deal with the consequences?
Chewing Gum
To increase your saliva rate, chew a couple of pieces of gum. Chewing on a piece of gum increases the secretion of saliva, which can dilute any substance concentration in it. It is like turning on a natural filter for your saliva
The chemical properties of your oral fluids can also be altered by chewing gum, which can make the mouth swab test less precise. Go for cinnamon or solid citrus flavors if you have options. When you're nervous about surprise swab tests, it wouldn't be a bad idea to bring a pack of gum with you to work on a daily basis.
Sour Candy
While it may seem as an impossible option, sucking a sour candy will help you pass a mouth swab drug test. Several studies have shown that drug use swab tests provide poorer performance right after individuals have sucked citrus candies.
To make your saliva more acidic, suck some sour candy. The more acidic and sugary your saliva gets, the harder it is to detect drugs in it. So, if you have just 5-10 minutes until a compulsory drug swab test takes place, drop in 2 or 3 sour citrus candies in your mouth. To get as much of the acidic citrus flavoring out of the candies as you can, suck them instead of chewing them.
Do this as the last resource you have when you're truly desperate for passing a cotton swab drug test at any cost.
Greasy Food
This next tip is one we know you will enjoy as an option to pass a mouth swab drug test. Get yourself the fattiest food you can buy. Oily, greasy burgers, fries, pizza, hot wings. As long as it is oily, it doesn't matter. Active THC reacts to fatty foods, which is also why all those butters and cannabis oils are available out there. For instance, eating a slice of pizza can help draw the residual THC out of your mouth.
The entire day before the test, adding high-fat foods to your meals helps the THC molecules in your bloodstream and saliva bind easily to fat. Then, it takes the THC with it as the fat is removed from the body, so it is much more difficult to detect your drug use. Therefore, eating high-fat foods as part of every meal for 2 days before the oral swab test will help you flush the THC out of your body.
If you are not fond of the junk food mentioned above, there is no need to worry. You can also find healthy options that are high in fat and will work just as well to get the THC out of your system. Consider eating tuna or salmon, along with avocados, whole eggs, nuts, and cheese, for a healthier choice.
Clean Your Mouth
Drinks will wash the body out of its weed traces if you're going down the path others do with urine tests. Nevertheless, when trying to pass a saliva test, the liquid is used differently. Instead of flushing the body with copious quantities of liquids, you will need to follow a more methodical process.
Gargle for 4–5 hours before the test every 15 minutes. Go into the restroom, take a huge mouthful of water, and gargle for 20-30 seconds. Rinsing with water will dilute the concentration of THC in your saliva and other substances, which will make it somewhat more difficult to detect drug use The impact this will have will be short-lived and limited, but it is one of the simplest steps you can possibly take.
Another good cleaning option is brushing your teeth. To clear lingering old saliva, brush your teeth as much as you resist. This is not a very efficient process, but the amount of THC remaining in your mouth could rapidly decrease. Use a new toothbrush and a trustworthy toothpaste brand, and clean your teeth for a total of 2 minutes. Make sure your tongue and cheeks as well as your teeth are scrubbed. At the end, rinse and spit. Brushing your teeth thoroughly and frequently will not perform miracles, but it will ensure that your mouth does not build up old oral fluids.
Adulterants are compounds that interact with drug testing, and they come out all the time with new and advanced ones. It is a constant where a new adulterant is effective and it beats the test. However, shortly after a new test figures out how the traces of the adulterant can be recognized. If a tester detects the fingerprint of an adulterant, they will invalid the test immediately and make you take it again. Of course, that is one way of buying some time for yourself.
Hydrogen peroxide is the preferred adulterant for mouth swab drug tests. 5 minutes before the exam, rinse your mouth with hydrogen peroxide. Take a gulp of peroxide and swish it around inside your mouth for 30 seconds like you would do with a normal mouthwash like Listerine. Spit it out into the sink afterwards and be cautious not to ingest any of the peroxide unnecessarily. If drunk, it may cause internal damage.
Try rinsing with a mouthwash, which is also an adulterant, in case you do not have hydrogen peroxide at handy. However, avoid using alcohol-based mouthwashes, since they could end up having a false positive result for alcohol abuse.
These are the best options to pass a mouth swab drug test. Always remember to stay calm and trust that your preferred method will work just fine. Times are changing, and hopefully, the day will come when we won't have to hide the great plant that cannabis is.
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News Stories
How the Ancients Got High
Five years ago we posted a story about how the ancient prophets at Delphi in Greece may have been high on natural gas. Now scientists think that the culprit may have been carbon dioxide. Does this mean that the increasing levels of CO2 in OUR atmosphere will produce widespread wisdom? We certainly may need it in the future.
In the temple of Delphi in ancient Greece, a succession of female oracles, called Pythias, dispensed wisdom and predicted the future. Scientists think there may have been something in the atmosphere there that gave them access to higher levels of consciousness. In, Heather Whipps quotes researcher Giuseppe Etiope as saying, "It is possible that?[this was] due just to a deficit of oxygen in the Temple room, where air ventilation was weak and the [carbon dioxide and methane] gas release from the soil was strong."
Earlier research on this was done by Jelle Z. de Boer, who noted that, whatever the substance was, it could not have been lethal, because otherwise, "?after a number of sessions, the Pythias would have become sick and possibly died. Frequent deaths of Pythias have not been reported by any of the classical writers. On the contrary, they seem to have lived a long and healthy life."
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Our silly war on drugs has blinded us to what the ancient shamans were trying to achieve by using psychoactive drugs. The state of enlightenment they were trying to attain can also be reached by other methods, such as ritual drumming. Courageous author Graham Hancock risked his brain and body?and defied the law?to find learn exactly what these magicians knew. Subscribers can still listen to Whitley's provocative interview with Hancock.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider the interval D3 G3. This would form a perfect fourth.
In a sequential interval, say a quarter note D3 followed by quarter note G3, this still "sounds" like a perfect fourth so using that interval label seems fine.
However, suppose instead the sequential interval is D3 followed by G2, thus the second note is lower pitch rather than higher. Would it be more appropriate to label this interval as perfect fifth instead of a perfect fourth?
In other words, should an interval be labelled based on the lowest pitch, regardless of whether it comes before or after another note in time?
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up vote 5 down vote accepted
The interval label is always going to be based on the number of half-steps between the two pitches.
Since there are 5 half-steps between D3 and G3, that is a perfect fourth. Thus, the 7 half-steps between D3 and G2 make it a perfect fifth.
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_USER_ S admittedly, I thought the same thing you mentioned in your question for a long time before being taught this concept =) Good question! – jadarnel27 Aug 28 '11 at 3:02
Indeed. Intervals are based purely on the absolute difference between notes. "Negative" intervals (high note to low note) are no less natural than "positive" (low to high) intervals. So D3->G2 is the same as G2->D3, which is obviously a fifth and not the same as the D3->G3 fourth. – Matthew Read Aug 28 '11 at 3:13
All very helpful, thanks! – Peter Skirko Aug 28 '11 at 5:14
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A fifth and a fourth are two sides of the same coin, like an implication and its contrapositive.
"If it is a real piano, it has strings inside" means the same thing as its contrapositive "If it does not have strings inside, it is not a real piano." It's the same but different.
Likewise D3->G3 amd D3->G2 are "the same" because they both have a D and G and can be used against the same chords, but "different" in that one goes up a fourth and the other goes down a fifth.
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Power showers combine the water from hot and cold supplies to reach the perfect temperature, while using a pump to offer incredible water pressure.
Here, we run through how to install a Mira Event XS thermostatic power shower. Remember that only a qualified professional should attempt power shower installation and you should always ensure that both the plumbing and electricity supplies are shut off before installing a power shower.
The following installation procedure is based on a bottom-entry pipework configuration (rising hot and cold water supplies) and a top-entry electrical supply configuration (via miniature trunking from above). Using this procedure as a guide, adjust the steps for alternative water supply or electrical supply configurations as appropriate.
- Decide on a suitable location for the Mira Event XS, avoiding buried cables and pipes. Leave a minimum distance of 200mm from the ceiling to allow for the fitting and removal of the cover. Ensure that when the hose retaining ring is placed on the lowest position on the slide bar, there is a minimum distance of 25mm between the handset and the bath or shower tray spillover when the handset is hanging down.
- Fit the three rubber feet into the recesses in the case. The feet will reduce the noise transmitted by the power shower through the wall.
- Remove the temperature knob concealing cap.
- Insert the end of the push-fit tool under the temperature control knob, in line with the temperature override button, and lever off the temperature knob.
- Unscrew the three retaining screws sufficiently to remove the shower cover. The cover retaining screws are captive and need not be removed.
- Using a spirit level, position the Mira Event XS on the wall and mark the three fixing points. Ensure the marked fixing points are not in line with buried cables and pipes before drilling.
- Drill 9.5mm holes and fit the rubber wall plugs supplied.
- Cut away and trim the thinned section in the top of the case to allow the electrical supply cable to run down the cable channel in the back of the case.
- Run the electrical supply cable into the surface-mounted miniature trunking (not supplied). Allow sufficient cable to connect to the Mira Event XS terminal block (approximately 275mm). Strip back approximately 30mm of outer cable insulation.
- Run the hot and cold water supply pipes at 28mm centres, ensuring that the pipe ends project into the Mira Event XS by 30mm to allow connection into the inlet manifold.
- Ensure that the end of the supply pipework is cut squarely and that it is free from burrs, which can damage the inlet manifold seals. Chamfer the end of the pipe to assist insertion into the fitting and to prevent the 'O' seal from tearing. Do not insert fingers into the push-fit connectors, as this can result in injury. Thoroughly flush the incoming hot and cold water supply pipes to remove debris before connecting the Mira Extreme shower.
- Push the supply pipework inside the inlet manifold until resistance is felt. Do not force it.
- The collet and 'O' seal will automatically make a hydraulic seal.
- This Mira Event XS must be fixed to the wall at all three fixing positions. The fixing holes are elongated to assist in vertical and horizontal alignment.
- Screw the Mira Event XS T to the wall using either the supplied wall screws or alternative fixings, depending on the wall structure. Do not over-tighten. Ensure that the electrical supply cable is correctly seated in the channel in the back of the case.
- Connect the conductors of the electrical supply cable to the terminal block. The supply cable earth connector should be sleeved.
- Turn the flow spindle fully clockwise so that the flat is facing towards 11 o'clock.
- Turn the flow knob fully clockwise on the cover so that the indicator is pointing to the off position.
- Refit the cover and secure with the three cover retaining screws.
- Refit the temperature control knob and the concealing cap.
Read our full manual for diagrams and instructions on commissioning and operating the shower.


First Ride: Pinarello Dogma F8
The Italian brand rethinks its Tour de France-winning Dogma platform
May 28, 2014
New F8 tube shapes include a flat trailing edge behind the down tube and seat tube. (Matt Phillips)
Pinarello relied on the aerodynamic experience and high-dollar computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) software of fellow Sky-sponsor Jaguar automobiles to develop, test, and iterate more than 300 designs in a virtual space before making physical models to test in the wind tunnel. At the launch in Italy, Jaguar's principal CFD aerodynamics engineer, John Pitman, stressed that the F8's aerodynamics were designed with the rider taken into consideration and optimized for real-world conditions.
Shapes were additionally influenced by the confines of the high stiffness and low weight required for a top-level race bike. "The tube shape from an aerodynamics point of view was generally driven toward those that had better lateral-stiffness and vertical-compliance properties, not such thinner airfoil shapes," said Pitman.
What results from all the considerations and compromises is a pointed leading edge, outward-bowed walls, and flat back similar to other bicycle frames, like the Cervelo Rca and Trek Madone, using truncated airfoil shapes. In addition, the headtube gets a pronounced beak—which also helps inset the front-brake caliper slightly—and more depth; the fork has a bow-legged stance to move the blades away from the wheel; the rear-derailleur cable or wire exits from the back of the dropout; the external collar was eliminated, and the seatstay wishbone was asymmetrically shaped to shield the rear-brake caliper's housing-stop arm. Compared to the Dogma 65.1, the F8 is 26 percent more aerodynamic by itself and 6.1 percent more aerodynamic with a rider (when averaged across a range of wind angles). Pinarello did not supply figures comparing the F8 to competing frames from other makers.
To improve stiffness, Pinarello developed new tube shapes and used new materials. According to engineer Paolo Visentin, the new tube shapes alone yielded a 12-percent stiffness boost. Further improvement, says Visentin, comes from the use of Torayca's T11001K fiber, which Pinarello has exclusive use of in the bicycle industry for one year. Pinarello claims the material is exceptionally strong and stiff, allowing engineers to boost stiffness while also reducing weight. When you consider both the tube shapes and new carbon, the F8's stiffness improves more than 20 percent compared to the 65.1 Think 2.
Along with raw stiffness, Pinarello claims that refinements to the bike's asymmetric design create a more balanced frame. According to Pinarello, inputs at the pedals put a balanced load on the frame—the loads from the left pedal are a mirror image of the loads from the right pedal. However, the drivetrain creates an asymmetric load because the chain tries to pull the drive-side dropout toward the chainrings. The challenge for designers is to counteract the oscillating left/right pedal loads individually, and also the loads on the right side of the frame from the drivetrain that occur with every half crank revolution. Pinarello's answer, which it debuted in the first carbon Dogma in 2009, is to give every frame tube except the head tube an asymmetric shape. Pinarello claims the F8 frame is 47-percent more symmetrical (which means the frame deflection from the left pedal and right pedal is more evenly balanced) than the previous Dogma.
As for weight, Pinarello claims it shed 80 grams from the frame, bringing it down to 860 grams (54cm frame, unpainted). Fork weight is a claimed 360 grams. Additionally, Pinarello says the F8 is more compliant than the 65.1 Think 2 and we agree. Based on our initial test rides at the launch, this is among the biggest differences from the previous version.
Geometry, at Sky's request, has not changed, but we'd have guessed otherwise. The F8 is much more reactive and lively than the 65.1 Think 2. It loses none of its stability, but gains a lighter, more precise feel.
One anachronistic detail is the use of an Italian-threaded bottom bracket. Pinarello says Sky's mechanics requested a threaded system for maintenance and reliability purposes. As for Italian versus British threading, Pinarello says (we're not making this up) Italian is stiffer.
The F8 retains the Think 2 system cable routing of the previous Dogma that works with electronic and mechanical-shift drivetrains. The seatpost will accept Shimano's internal Di2 battery; for Campagnolo EPS, Pinarello recommends placing the V2 internal battery in the seat tube. The bike's front derailleur tab can be removed to save weight and improve aerodynamics when using a single-ring drivetrain. Pinarello claims this is for time trails, but we wonder if this also hints at future road drivetrains. Three bottle mount-holes on the downtube allow the rider to lower the bottle in the frame for better aerodynamics, says Pinarello, or raise it for easier access.
Pinarello will begin shipping a limited number of framesets to bike shops immediately. They will retail for $5,750. Read a full review of the Dogma F8 in our August issue.
After our initial test rides, the F8 feels notably more efficient than the previous Dogma. (Courtesy)


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Protest Investigations
Protest InvestigationsWith the nation's current state of affairs echoing worldwide, many have taken up the flag of protest in the fight for civil rights, equality, and police brutality. Many civil rights groups and even private citizens are effectively coming together to take advantage of their constitutional right to protest. While many support this activity, others do not and have sought to undermine and even suppress this right.
Unfortunately for those exercising their right to protest, others like far-left and far-right groups are working to incite violence to make the protest appear illegitimate. Some of these may also be foreign agents at work. Because of this, many civil rights groups are looking to private investigators to find out who these groups are and are looking for ways to educate others on their existence.
Reasons to Hire a Private investigator for a Protest Investigation:
Disinformation is a popular tool for many extremist groups when it comes to countering legitimate protests. They use social media as a significant outlet to prevent protests or even create counter-protests. Because of this, civil rights groups must get this information out and find a way to halt these groups from spreading their disinformation.
Private investigators are at their core, information gatherers. They have several skills at their disposal. These can include surveillance (both online and offline), background checks, computer forensics, social media investigations, and ties to law enforcement and work within the law. These skills make a private investigator a valuable person in helping protect a protest's legitimacy.
Private Investigators can use their skills to track interference and take this information to their clients so they can pursue civil or legal action if needed. Private investigators are legally licensed to gather data in multiple forms and remain discreet with the utmost confidentiality.
It doesn't stop with disinformation. Some extremist groups are more tech-savvy than others and have resorted to technology to counter these protests to keep information from getting out or preventing law enforcement from doing their jobs. These cyber-attacks are usually in the form of a denial of service attack, which can significantly hinder communications amongst protestors, civil rights groups, and even law enforcement.
Private investigators can use their computer forensic training to track and possibly identify these people. Many private investigators are former law enforcement or even military. Many have armed themselves with knowledge like degrees in computer science, cybersecurity, and even computer forensics to complete their skillset.
As many civil rights groups are volunteering and law enforcement spread thin, private investigators have more time and resources to help those in need and with faster results. Their training allows them to analyze social media accounts and profiles to test their legitimacy and help local rights groups get the information they need to help close them down.


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About Julia Brookins
Julia Brookins is special projects coordinator at the AHA, and a historian of US immigration and citizenship. She has been an individual AHA member since 2007. On the blog, you will probably see her updates about AHA activities related to teaching, career exploration for students of history, and diversity, as well as some of her picks for What We're Reading. On the AHA staff, she directs several grant projects, helps to prepare new grant applications, and is the point person for the elected Teaching Division. Julia enjoys her work supporting public-spirited scholars, educators, and other professionals who have an interest in history.
In her research, Julia is interested in the history of immigrant integration, especially in the United States. Her current project uses the case of 19th-century German migration to Texas to examine how immigrant groups have altered American nationalism and citizenship since the 1840s, and how immigrants have helped to reproduce racial hierarchies in the United States.


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Autotuning control structures for reliability-driven dynamic binding
This paper explores a formally grounded approach to solve the problem of dynamic binding in serviceoriented software architecture. Dynamic binding is a widely adopted mean to automatically bind exposed software interfaces to actual implementations. The execution of an operation on one or another implementation, though providing the same result, could turn out in different quality of service, e.g. due to failure occurrence. Dynamic binding is thus of primary importance to achieve what in the Software Engineering domain is called "selfadaptiveness", the capability to preserve a desired quality of service, if this is feasible. It is important to reach this goal also in the presence of environmental fluctuations – a route congestion increase – or even abrupt variations – a server breakdown. A quite general dynamic binding problem is here reformulated as a discrete-time feedback control one, and the use of autotuning techniques is discussed, extending previous research, in a view to guaranteeing the desired quality of service without the need for computationally-intensive optimisations.
- Technology and Engineering
51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control


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How cold was it? The latest round of arctic air has frozen the island ponds - enough for an informal hockey game this past weekend, as pictured on page one. Old-timers will tell you, though, they can remember when it was really cold...
It was a bitterly cold month of February in 1934. That's when the thermometer plunged to a shivering 17 degrees below zero. West Passage iced over and people walked from Fort Getty to Fort Greble on Dutch Island. On Feb. 19, ice jammed the wheel boxes of the ferry Beavertail as it left its West Ferry dock. The ferry was out of operation until March 6. The incident made people get serious about building the first Jamestown Bridge.
That same day, the ferry Governor Carr took 90 minutes to reach Newport from Jamestown because it had to break its way through the ice floes across East Passage. That winter the cold allowed islanders to harvest about 3,000 tons of ice, which was stored for summertime use.
During the winter of _PHONE_, Dutch Harbor and much of West Passage was frozen. The ferry J.A. Saunders was unable to deliver supplies from Jamestown to the soldiers stationed at Fort Greble on Dutch Island. So supplies were taken by ferry from Saunderstown. Soldiers walked out across the ice to the boat and took the provisions by sled back to Fort Greble. Then the bay iced over and the ferry was stuck at Dutch Island.
In January of 1918, the temperature fell to minus 12 degrees. To make matters worse, there was a serious coal shortage on the island to heat the homes. Two men reportedly walked from Wickford to the Conanicut Lighthouse at the north end of Jamestown.
There were some frigid times in the previous century. On Feb. 11, 1875, it was reported that the ferry from Jamestown became stuck in the ice in Newport Harbor. On Jan. 13, 1893, West Passage iced over. There were some 50 vessels, many threeand fourmasted schooners, stranded in the ice from Jamestown to Wickford.
- Jeff McDonough


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The Knotting of Equilateral Polygons in R-cubed
It was proved in that the knotting probability of a Gaussian random polygon goes to 1 as the length of the polygon goes to infinity. In this paper, we prove the same result for the equilateral random polygons in R3. More precisely, if EPn is an equilateral random polygon of n steps, then we have
P(EPn is knotted) > 1 - exp(-n∊)
provided that n is large enough, where ∊ is some positive constant.
Diao, Y. (1995). The knotting of equilateral polygons in R-cubed. Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications, 4(2), 189-196. DOI: 10.1142/S0218216595000090


Antonyms of UNSTABLE
Examples of usage:
 1. Man seems the unstable thing, Fevered and hurrying. "Poems" by Muriel Stuart
 2. Further out they are unstable. "LRL Accelerators The 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron" by Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
 3. It is safer and swifter to ride the magnetic currents than it is to ride the unstable currents of the air. "Astounding Stories of Super-Science, March 1930" by Various
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7+ of the Best Space Documentaries You Need to Watch
You'd be selling yourself short if you didn't watch any of these great documentaries about space.
7+ of the Best Space Documentaries You Need to Watch
Space and the universe have fascinated humans for thousands of years. Being awestruck by what lies beyond our home planet has been one of the most important driving forces behind our species' technological advancement.
Yet, despite all that we have achieved, there is still much to be learned from the universe at large. Whilst you could pursue a career in astrophysics or astronomy to find out, luckily we also have a plethora of easy-to-digest documentaries that give us an insight, as laymen, into our current understanding of what exists beyond Earth.
We've hand-selected some of the best out there. Trust us when we say this list is far from exhaustive and is in no particular order.
What are the best space documentaries?
There are literally thousands of space documentaries out there, but some of them are leagues ahead of the rest. Of course, like any question of this nature, personal taste will come into any decision on which of them are "the best".
But, there are some outstanding space documentaries that, put simply, are a must-watch. We have included a few of these in our list below, but there are plenty more out there.
hubble galaxies
Hubble's Dazzling Display of Two Colliding Galaxies, Source: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Flickr
What are the best space documentaries around?
The last years happened to have produced some great space documentaries. These include, but are not limited to:
 - Apollo 11 - An inspiring documentary about one of the most important achievements of our species of all time. It is a compilation of footage and contemporary audio from the time. We'll discuss this in more detail further on.
 - Chasing the Moon - This great little documentary series traces the major events behind the race to land on the Moon. It also includes archival footage, some never-seen-before by the public.
 - Searching for Skylab - America's Forgotten Triumph - This 2019 documentary explores the story behind the 1970s American space station Skylab.
But, there is a huge catalog of space documentaries that are great to watch whatever year it is.
1. "Apollo 11" has no narrator
space documentaries apollo 11
Source: NEON/YouTube
"Apollo 11" is a fascinating documentary packed with historical footage from this history-making manned mission to the Moon. You'll get to see real footage from the NASA control room and on the rocket itself, as well as footage from the moon lander.
It offers an incredible opportunity to understand everything that went into that awe-inspiring event, from pre-launch to splashdown recovery.
Unlike other documentaries, "Apollo 11" does not have a narrator. All audio is from mission control which can make it difficult to understand at times. Otherwise, this is a refreshing and fascinating insight into one of man's greatest achievements.
2. "Fight for Space" is a must watch
space documentaries fight for space
Source: Movieclips Indie/YouTube
"The Fight for Space" is an interesting documentary whose main theme is about the decline of the space program post the Apollo program. The documentary attempts to explain why, since then, man hasn't even left Earth's orbit.
It features famous scientists like American astronomer and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku who argue that the decision to cut back on space exploration funding was a real scientific tragedy. They also attempt to make the case for returning to space as soon as possible.
This is a must-watch if you love space and exploration.
3. "Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman" is awesome
space documentaries wormhole
Source: IMDB
"Through the Wormhole" is awesome simply by the fact it is narrated by none other than Morgan Freeman. But, it also happens to be a great documentary that explores some of the deepest mysteries of existence.
It attempts to answer things like:
- What was there before the beginning?
- Are we really alone?
- Is there a creator?
The documentary brings together the brightest minds and best ideas from the very edges of science - Astrophysics, Astrobiology, Quantum Mechanics, String Theory, and more. It is absolutely fascinating to watch.
4. Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" is legendary
space documentaries cosmos
Source: IMDB
Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" is the closest you'll ever get to the perfect documentary series on space and the cosmos. It is an absolute must-watch for anyone who considers themselves a fan of space exploration.
Hosted and narrated by the late, great Carl Sagan, "Cosmos" is simply one of the best on the market. By watching "Cosmos" you will be treated to an engaging guided tour of the universe, as we knew it back in the 1980s.
It originally aired on PBS and is split into 13 gripping and fascinating episodes. Do yourself a favor and watch as soon as you can.
5. "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" is an excellent reboot of Sagan's masterpiece
space documentaries cosmos odyssey
Source: IMDB
Hosted and narrated by the great Neil deGrasse Tyson, "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" is effectively a homage to the 1980s masterpiece with Carl Sagan. In fact, Neil often quotes Carl Sagan as one of his greatest inspirations for pursuing his career in Astrophysics.
This sequel-of-sorts is also split into 13 episodes and features updated graphics and information to bring it up to current science and discoveries. It, like the original, is another must-see documentary on space and offers a great fresh look into the void.
You won't regret binge-watching this one.
6. "Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking" is absolutely riveting
space documentaries hawkings
Source: IMDB
If a documentary includes the much-missed Stephen Hawking, it must be a good one, right? Frankly, if you want to hear the views of anyone on the subject of space, you can't really go wrong with one of the most acclaimed scientists of all time.
The 2010 TV mini-series was written by Stephen and featurealiens, time travel, and the story of everything, with incredible graphics and interesting explanations from the theoretical physicist and cosmologist.
This documentary series has everything you'll ever need, in one neat package. Add this to your to-watch list ASAP.
7. "Journey to the Edge of the Universe" won't disappoint
space documentaries edge of the universe
Source: IMDB
Depending on which versions you watch, you'll either be rewarded with the dulcet tones of Alex Baldwin for the US Version, or the great Sean Pertwee for the British version.
"Journey to the Edge of the Universe" takes you a graphic-packed, breathtaking tour of the universe.
It promises and doesn't disappoint to take you to the very edge of space as we know it, and hits you with scientific facts on the way. It, really, is a great space documentary that you'd be silly to miss.
This great 2008 documentary was the first broadcast on National Geographic and the Discovery Channel.
8. "Hubble" is a very nice documentary
space documentaries hubble
Source: IMDB
This 2010 IMAX documentary film is another great one to watch if you haven't already. Also known as Hubble 3D, IMAX: Hubble or IMAX: Hubble 3D, this documentary is an interesting insight into the efforts made to maintain important scientific instruments in space.
Narrated by Leonardo DiCaprio, the documentary primarily focusses on the trials and tribulations of 7 astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on a mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
If you haven't caught this one yet, it comes thoroughly recommended.
9. "For All Mankind" is another amazing space documentary
space documentaries for all mankind
Source: IMDB
Released in 1989, "For All Mankind" is an amazing space documentary you really need to watch as soon as you are able. Compiled from original footage of NASA's Apollo program, this documentary is a fascinating insight into the effort made to put the first humans on the Moon.
Directed by Al Reinert, and the score composed by Brian Eno, this documentary is literally space documentary gold. The documentary, some might call a piece of art, focusses on the beauty of our home planet as seen from space.
It includes the personal experiences of the Apollo program crew, as well as, mission control staff. This really is a very different watching experience compared to other entries on this list.
10. "In the Shadow of the Moon" is an interesting take on the mission to the Moon
space documentaries shadow of the moon
Source: IMDB
A British-made documentary/film, "In the Shadow of the Moon" is yet another amazing space documentary that is really worth spending your time watching. Released in 2007, it documents the United States' crewed missions to the Moon.
It first premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and even managed to win the World Cinema Audience Award the same year. The following year, it was the first film to be awarded Sir Arthur Clarke Award.
Like other documentaries featured on this list, "In the Shadow of the Moon" features original footage from various missions to the Moon.
11. "The Last Man on the Moon" is an inspiring story
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The posterior eye is a complex biomechanical structure. Delicate neural and vascular tissues of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head that are critical for visual function are subjected to mechanical loading from intraocular pressure, intraocular and extraorbital muscles, and external forces on the eye. The surrounding sclera serves to counteract excessive deformation from these forces and thus to create a stable biomechanical environment for the ocular tissues. Additionally, the eye is a dynamic structure with connective tissue remodeling occurring as a result of aging and pathologies such as glaucoma and myopia. The material properties of these tissues and the distribution of stresses and strains in the posterior eye is an area of active research, relying on a combination of computational modeling, imaging, and biomechanical measurement approaches. Investigators are recognizing the increasing importance of the role of the collagen microstructure in these material properties and are undertaking microstructural measurements to drive microstructurally-informed models of ocular biomechanics. Here, we review notable findings and the consensus understanding on the biomechanics and microstructure of the posterior eye. Results from computational and numerical modeling studies and mechanical testing of ocular tissue are discussed. We conclude with some speculation as to future trends in this field.
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FSS Lycopene BioFerment PF
FSS Lycopene BioFerment PF
Download SDS
Our Price:$14.50
Product Code: FSS20231PF
FSS Lycopene BioFerment PF:
2 oz
8 oz
1 kg (2.2 lbs)
FSS Lycopene BioFerment PF - Preserved with Leucidal Liquid
It is an ugly cycle. Shampoo removes buildup, sebum, dirt, but leaves the hair difficult to comb and style. Conditioners cure most of the problems, but tend to produce buildup and attract dirt. Most of the problem is related to the mechanism used to condition hair. Traditional hair conditioners rely on the deposition of molecules like proteins and sugars. Cationic modification of these molecules increase substantivity and neutralize static charge. In some cases, hydrophobic materials such as silicone or natural lipids are used to reduce the drag experienced during combing, or to relipidize the hair. None of these products address the root cause.
Hair needs conditioning because it is damaged. Damage can be physical or chemical, but to produce long lasting conditioning effects the damage must be addressed, not covered over. Perhaps the best way to address the problem and to ensure the integrity of the hair is to protect the integrity of the disulfide bonds present in cystine.
Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups present on opposing cysteine molecules causes the formation of cystine, with its characteristic disulfide bridge. Increased cysteine levels, translate to stronger hair.
The disulfide bonds produce hair's strength and elasticity. Degradation of cystine produces labile, easily extractable proteins in damaged hair. The presence of oxidizers like hydrogen peroxide or other bleaching agents converts cystine to cysteic acid, irreversibly breaking the disulfide bridge.
In plants, cysteine beisynthesis is critical for sulfur assimilation. Two enzymes that exist as a bi-enzyme complex govern the biotransformation of serine to cysteine. Serine is converted to O-acetylserine by acetyltransferase in the presence of acetyl-CoA. O-acetylserine is then condensed with sulfide by O-acetylserine thiol lyase to form cysteine.
Serine is converted by the bi-enzyme complex to cysteine. By providing both substrate and enzyme together, we can allow the formation of cysteine in-situ. By directly nourishing the hair with cysteine, we efficiently provide the hair with the building blocks it needs to maintain its integrity and in turn replenish cystine levels as needed.
Cysteine, state of the amino acid prior to being incorporated into keratin, has an S-H bond. Cystine, is formed when two cysteine molecules aligned on different protein chains oxidized, the molecules are joined by a S-S bond (disulfide).
Lycopene is the pigment that gives tomatoes and many other fruits their red color. A carotene similar to beta-carotene, it is a potent anti-oxidant ten times more efficient than Vitiman E at quenching singlet oxygen. With regard to hair, lycopene's most important property is its solubility. Lipophylic by nature, it can readily penetrate deeply into the hair fiber.
Once in the hair fiber, lycopene can protect cystine from excess oxidation. This particular approach is ideal for use in conjunction with peroxidases, where the peroxidase degrades peroxides and the lycopene decouples any lipid peroxidation.
Maintaining the hairs integral structure, FSS Lycopersicum Bioferment PF an effectively create the perception of long-term conditioning without the use of traditional substantive quats.
03-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate
acetyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine
INCI Nomenclature:
Lactobacillus/Lycopene Ferment Extract
Suggested Use Levels:
Suggested Applications:
Anti-Aging, Antioxidant, Conditioning
Orange to Reddish Hazy Liquid
Solubility In Water:
pH (Direct):
More Information on Leucidal Liquid can be found here:
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text:
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test
Latin name: Stenodus sp
Source material: Fillet
Common names: Inconnu, Whitefish, Connie, Nelma, Sheefish
Whitefish (Inconnu) is a food which may result in allergy symptoms in sensitised individuals.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Allergen Exposure
The inconnu, or nelma, sheefish or connie is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae, related to salmon, trout, chars and graylings. It is commercially fished throughout the Arctic and the North American basins of the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers.
Inconnu is a popular food fish in the regions which it inhabits, and can be found for sale either fresh or frozen, whole or filleted. It is a common ingredient in Siberian cuisine, included in dishes such as Siberian fish nelma dumplings, fish stews and pies.
As a whitefish with firm, flaky flesh, the inconnu is often substituted for other species such as haddock, pollock or cod, particularly where it is more locally available. It is described as tender yet fatty, with a subtle pleasant taste.
Inconnu is low in saturated fat and sodium, although relatively high in cholesterol. It has a high concentration of nutrients, providing a good source of calcium, and a very good source of protein, vitamin B12, phosphorus and selenium.
With numbers of inconnu on the decline, and the closely related species beloribitsa now extinct in the wild, this fish is now generally farmed for commercial sale, although the wild fish is reported to have a superior flavour.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Allergen Description
No specific allergens present in inconnu have been characterised to date, although a number of proteins have been identified.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Potential Cross-Reactivity
Species within groups of fish, like Gadiformes (examples: codfish and hake) and Scombroid fishes (examples: mackerel and tuna) seem to share allergenic components. The overlap of allergen specificity between the groups seems to be moderate or even small.
Cross-reactivity to inconnu within the order Salmoniformes can therefore be expected, which includes salmon, trout, chars and graylings.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Clinical Experience
Sensitisation to fish allergen is common. Fish, including inconnu, is a potential cause of food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
Immediate allergic reactions may follow ingestion of even minute amounts of fish.
Symptoms can include oral allergy syndrome, generalised urticaria, facial angioedema and anaphylaxis.
Because patients react to both cooked and raw fish, it is assumed the allergens are heat-resistant. However, more recent studies indicate that patients may react differently to processed food and that allergic reactions may be species-specific.
It has been reported that some fish allergic persons can exhibit allergic symptoms due to the steam (airborne allergens) from cooking fish.
Acute anisakiasis as a result of the larvae of the fish parasite Anisakis simplex may occur following ingestion of undercooked or raw inconnu.
Symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, diarrhea, blood and mucus in stool, and mild fever. Allergic reactions with rash and itching, and infrequently, anaphylaxis, can also occur.
Fish allergy is sometimes confused with a reaction to histamine in spoiled fish.


text:
A craft for the short poem: April Showers bring May Flowers. Can be done as two separate crafts or one. Printables for umbrella, raindrops, sun and flowers are listed below.
- Using different colors of printer paper, print out the templates for the Umbrella, Raindrops, Sun and Flowers.
- Cut apart as directed – using the fold line to cut out the inside of the shapes.
- Cut one of the coffee filters in half. One half is to be used for the umbrella and the other half for the sun.
- Place the coffee filter on the newspaper. Decorate with the different colors of markers then spritz with the water until the colors are running together.
- Allow the coffee filters to dry completely.
- Use the glue to attach the cut out templates to the colored coffee filters.
- Trim any excess coffee filter.
- Use as a sun catcher by attaching the raindrops to the umbrella and the flowers to the sun.


TSO Logic Application-Aware Power Management | TSO Logic
"This seems like a big idea with scalable applications and material impact. New ways of delivering decision-quality data and actionable analysis is a very useful contribution!"
--Environmental Leader Product & Project Awards judge
TSO Logic's Application-Aware Power Management software enables companies to cut their energy costs and environmental impact by providing deep-level visibility and control over power consumption in datacenters. Taking advantage of periods of low workload, power usage can be reduced as much as 50%, resulting in significant reductions in carbon emissions and operating expenses. TSO's software correlates power usage/costs and IT workload across individual servers and applications. This allows companies to identify idle or underutilized servers for precise capacity planning, attach power costs to individual applications, measure and track carbon emissions, track wasted energy usage/costs, perform capacity shifting to optimize capacity levels and provide tracking of efficiency/performance improvements to meet sustainability objectives. It operates without any impact to datacenter performance or the user's experience and requires no additional hardware, agent software, or disruptive changes to the infrastructure.
TSO Logic image reducedDatacenters consume 3% of global electricity production, yet the average datacenter wastes as much as 90% of electrical energy on idle servers, the company says. Datacenters have highly variable workloads, but to prepare for spikes in demand, servers run at full power 24/7, even when there is no revenue to justify the cost. TSO Logic says its solution is unique in its ability to intuitively power control servers to eliminate the energy and heat generated from idle servers, thereby improving efficiency. It provides visibility to measure and track data such as transaction costs per kWh, cost per application and other metrics that demonstrate how application performance can affect power costs, environmental footprint and profitability.
For example, Arc Productions, an animation and visual effects studio, was facing monthly energy bills from their datacenter surmounting $25,000. They began using TSO Logic's solution and discovered that half their servers were idle 69% of the time. By adjusting server power levels, they reduced power consumption/costs by 56%, on track to save between $463,000 and $596,000 over the next 5 years. They also identified that 20% of their total server farm was underutilized. They replaced nearly half of these servers with more efficient technology, increasing their performance by 400%, and reducing the number of servers being powered. They also associated power costs with individual projects, performed precise capacity planning, and implemented capacity shifting to defer premium power rates during peak demand periods.
As one judge said, this product offers a lot of benefit and is a solid solution with impact.


Single Column Atmospheric Model (SCAM)
This page describes how to run the Single Column Atmospheric Model, version 6 (SCAM6). SCAM6 is described in detail in Gettelman et al 2019 and the following instructions are valid for CESM2 and subsequent releases.
SCAM makes use of the comprehensive CAM physics package but is idealized in its representation of the large scale resolved flow. A single column is simulated and the large scale flow and its associated tendencies are prescribed, either from observations or a simulation. This configuration is useful for understanding the behavior of the parameterized physics in the absence of feedbacks involving the large-scale circulation. As such it is useful for parameterization development and the understanding of the behavior of physical processes under the constraint of prescribed large-scale circulation.
CESM2-SCAM6 Containerized Tutorial
We have developed a self-contained version of CESM2 that runs the Single Column Atmosphere Model (SCAM6). This is a full version of CESM2, just configured with input data for a single compset (FSCAM). The container uses Docker, an open source virtualization layer. It is essentially a virtual machine running through the Docker layer. Docker works on any platform: Mac, Windows and Linux. Code and instructions for SCAM are available on a CAM6 Tutorial page.
Full SCAM Setup Instructions
Instructions on setting-up and running SCAM can be found in the CAM6 users guide. The instructions provided here expand upon those and aim at providing a more in-depth description for a new user.
Introduction to SCAM forcing datasets (IOPs)
The forcing datasets that are used to run SCAM are referred to as IOPs (standing for Intensive Observation Periods, referring to the fact that often SCAM is run using observational data obtained from intensive field campaigns). A number of observational IOPs are available within the CESM2 release and users can also generate their own using observational data or a CAM simulation.
The IOP dataset contains the large scale forcings required to run SCAM. Specifically, the zonal and meridional components of the flow (U,V) and the vertical pressure field are read in from the IOP dataset. SCAM then uses the Lagrangian dynamical core to calculate the vertical advection of moisture (Q) and the Eulerian dynamical core to calculate the vertical advection of temperature (T). Alternatively, these vertical advection tendencies can be read in directly from the IOP dataset, if they are available. The vertical advection does not act on any other prognostic variables e.g., aerosols. Given the dependence of the vertical advection terms on the formulations of the Lagrangian and Eulerian dynamical cores and the lack of vertical advection of other prognostic variables, users who aim to run SCAM with an IOP dataset generated from CAM itself should not expect exact bit-for-bit reproducibility of the CAM state but they should find close agreement.
In the presence of this prescribed large-scale atmospheric circulation, SCAM then predicts the evolution of temperature (T), moisture (Q) and other quantities such as cloud and aerosol properties, radiative heating rates, temperature tendencies due to moist processes etc using the CAM physics parameterization suite. It also predicts precipitation rates, but it should be noted that this is strongly constrained by the imposed large scale flow and as such, is essentially also prescribed.
SCAM offers the flexibility for users to decide the extent to which fields are prescribed or prognosed through a variety of namelist parameters that will be discussed in more detail below. For example, a user can choose to prescribe the surface fluxes rather than allow SCAM to prognose them given the large scale state. Or a user can choose to relax the atmospheric T and Q back to a specified state or can choose to replace these prognosed fields with prescribed fields from the IOP. In the default configuration, temperature is prognosed, but relaxed toward that in the IOP file with an e-folding timescale of 10 days at the surface to 2 days at the top of the model to prevent drift in the presence of inconsistencies between the IOP forcing and the model behavior. Users can alter the nature of this relaxation via the namelist.
A realistic distribution of aerosols must be present within SCAM. In the default configuration, the aerosol distribution is initialized from the initial condition file and surface emissions of aerosols for the duration of the simulation are taken from the standard CAM6 aerosol emissions datasets. Typically monthly mean climatologies are used. For example, for the observational IOPs discussed below, the aerosols are initialized using a monthly average aerosol profile for the relevant month at each location derived from the last 2 years of a 3 year present day CAM6 simulation. In the default configuration the aerosol species (mass and number) are relaxed to the initial conditions with the same timescale as the temperature relaxation described above. The stronger relaxation in the upper troposphere is desirable to account for the lack of large scale vertical advection of aerosol species.
Running SCAM with a provided IOP forcing dataset
As described in more detail in Gettelman et al 2019, a number of observational IOPs are provided within CESM2. These IOPs represent a variety of regimes from tropical convection and cirrus cases to Arctic mixed phase cloud cases. Here, instructions for running these in-built IOP cases is provided. In the following it is assumed that the CESM release is located in the directory $CESM.
SCAM is run using the FSCAM compset and the desired IOP forcing is specified through the --user-mods-dir flag in the create_newcase command. Directories containing the namelist settings for the various preconfigured IOP's available in CAM6 are located in the following directory
and are prefixed with "scam_". In these directories are a script containing xml commands that configure the case with the correct start dates, end dates, longitude, latitude etc and a user_nl_cam file that contains the default namelist settings including "iopfile" which points toward the IOP forcing dataset.
For example, the following steps can be used to create and run the arm95 case.
Step 1: Create the case
Run the following command from within $CESM/cime/scripts
./create_newcase --case $CASEDIR --compset FSCAM --res T42_T42 --user-mods-dir../../components/cam/cime_config/usermods_dirs/scam_arm95
replacing $CASEDIR with the desired location of your case directory.
Step 2: Configure the case
All parameters such as the start date of the simulation, the length of the simulation are set by default. These can be modified at this stage. For example, the default length of the arm95 run is 1259 timesteps. This can be modified to 1000 timesteps with the following command from within $CASEDIR
./xmlchange STOP_N=1000
Take a look at the namelist settings in $CASEDIR/user_nl_cam. Here is an explanation of what you see
scmlon=$PTS_LON # longitude of SCAM simulation. Set in env_run.xml via the shell_commands file in the IOP directory
scmlat=$PTS_LAT # as above but for latitude
ncdata="$DIN_LOC_ROOT/atm/cam/scam/iop/" # path to IOP forcing dataset
iopfile="$DIN_LOC_ROOT/atm/cam/scam/iop/" # Path to initial conditions dataset
mfilt=1500 # 1500 time values will be in each history file
nhtfrq=1 # history fields are output every timestep
co2vmr=368.9e-6 # CO2 concentraion
scm_use_obs_uv =.true. # If.true. then the IOP u and v values are used
scm_relaxation =.true. # If true then relaxation is performed on the fields set by scm_relax_fincl below
scm_relax_fincl = 'T', 'bc_a1', 'bc_a4', 'dst_a1', 'dst_a2', 'dst_a3', 'ncl_a1', 'ncl_a2',
 'ncl_a3', 'num_a1', 'num_a2', 'num_a3',
 'num_a4', 'pom_a1', 'pom_a4','so4_a1','so4_a2','so4_a3','soa_a1','soa_a2'
scm_relax_bot_p = 105000. # Lower bound (in Pa) of the relaxation of fields set by scm_relax_fincl
scm_relax_top_p = 200. # Upper bound (in Pa) of the relaxation of fields set by scm_relax_fincl
scm_relax_linear =.true. # If true then linear then relaxation timescale is linearly interpolated between the pressure levels.
scm_relax_tau_bot_sec = 864000. # timescale (in seconds) of the relaxation at the lower boundary
scm_relax_tau_top_sec = 172800. # timescale (in seconds) of the relaxation at the upper boundary
Step 3: Set-up and Build the Case
Set-up and build the case by invoking the following commands within $CASEDIR
Step 4: Run the Case
See the CESM users guide for more information on these procedures.
Step 5: Validate the model output
Figure 1 shows the time averaged cloud fraction, cloud liquid amount and cloud ice amount for the arm95 SCAM case using the default settings. This


text: Anglicanism was brought to the Dominican Republic in 1897 when Benjamin Isaac Wilson migrated from the Virgin Islands. Wilson was a teacher of the Christian faith, and was ordained priest in 1898 by the Bishop of the Independent Haitian Episcopal Church. His primary mission was to serve the English-speaking community in the Dominican Republic. The work of the Episcopal Church began in the Dominican Republic during the occupation of the United States Marine Corps. The Rev. William Wyllie arrived in 1918, and the Rev. Archibald Beer came in 1920. From 1918 until 1960, the supervision of the church was assumed by the Bishops of Puerto Rico and Haiti. In 1940 the General Convention established the Missionary District of the Dominican Republic. The first resident Bishop of the Dominican Republic was the Rt. Rev. Paul Axtell Kellogg, who was consecrated on Mar. 9, 1960. In 1970 it became a missionary diocese, and on Jan. 1, 1986, it became the Diocese of the Dominican Republic.


Analysis and measurement of the relationship between money supply and fisical policy rules in Iraq for the period 2004: 3 - 2015: 2
The study is aimedat measuring and analyzing the relationship between money supply and the rules of fiscal policy in the Iraqi economy, covering data for the period (2004: 3-2015: 2). The research revealed that when the Stationary test was performed for the time series of the current variables, it was concluded that theVariable Difict of Rule( Def) was at the level. The rest of the variables were Stationary at the first difference (I). Therefore, the ARDL model was applied, Long-term Bounds Test, and a short-term equilibrium relationship. And the existence of positive and significant effect by the rules of deficit and public debt and the golden rule in the long term, where the value of partial flexibility (0.034) and (0.277) and 0.103, respectively, and this corresponds to the logic of economic theory, Are not consistent with the logic of economic theory. The negative and significant impact of the long-term (Rev / Exp) rule in the short term. In the short run, the increase in the ratio of revenues to expenditure leads to a long-term reduction in money supply. Structural imbalance in public expenditure items in favor of investment Expenditure driving the development of GDP and diversification of production base


text:
"In which state was the ice cream cone invented? Find a state that starts with the letter U." A terrific way for young children to become familiar with the map of the U.S.
Children draw a card and search the game board for the matching name (the state or states that begin with the letter shown on the card), picture (card images are printed on the board), or shape (of the state shown on the card). Use just the cards for a trivia game; there is a fact of interest to children on every card.
Includes 150 durable cardstock cards, game board, 4 markers, die, and timer. For 2-4 players. Parents' Choice Gold Award. Ages 4 - 7.