text:
Measurement error as a source of QT dispersion: a computerised analysis
OBJECTIVE: To establish a general method to estimate the measuring error in QT dispersion (QTD) determination, and to assess this error using a computer program for automated measurement of QTD. SUBJECTS: Measurements were done on 1220 standard simultaneous 12 lead electrocardiograms. DESIGN: The computer program was validated against two observers on a random subset of 100 electrocardiograms. Simple laws of physics require that at least five of the six extremity leads have the same QT duration. This allows the direct assessment of the error in measuring QTD derived from five extremity leads (QTD5). It also enables ST-T amplitude dependent distributions of measurement error in determining QT duration to be established. These QT error distributions were then used to estimate the error in measuring QTD from all 12 leads (QTD12). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean and standard deviation of error in measuring QTD duration, QTD5, and QTD12. RESULTS: Performance of the program was comparable to that of observers. Errors in measuring QT duration (measured QT minus reference QT) fell from a mean (SD) of 6.9 (17.1) ms for ST-T amplitudes < 50 microV to -1.4 (6.3) ms for amplitudes > 350 microV. Measurement errors of QTD5 and QTD12 were 20.4 (11.5) ms and 29.4 (14.9) ms. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that no QTD can exist between five of the six extremity leads provides a means of estimating QTD measurement error. Measuring error of QT duration is dependent on ST-T amplitude. QTD measurement error is large compared with typical QTD values reported.
|*Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, *Electrocardiography, Databases, Factual, Heart Diseases/*diagnosis, Heart/physiopathology, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity|
|Organisation||Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam|
Kors, J.A, & van Herpen, G. (1998). Measurement error as a source of QT dispersion: a computerised analysis. Heart. Retrieved from _URL_


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This morning, Space Florida announced that a research proposal submitted by SciStarter, Science Cheerleader and UCDavis won a competition to fly innovative research projects on the International Space Station via Space X in December 2013.
We are stoked.
This research will compare growth rates of microbiomes collected on Earth (by YOU and your fellow citizen scientists!) to those collected on high touch surfaces on the ISS. It will also enable all of us to contribute to a world population map of microbiomes and learn more about our own microbial environments. We spend most of our lives in "built environments" yet we understand very little about the make up of the millions of microbiomes living on us and in our houses/offices, etc. This project hopes to advance research in this area. SciStarter and the Science Cheerleaders will be leading the research with UCDavis and heading up the outreach components at public venues.
If you are interested in learning more, here's the announcement:
Huge thanks to our newest member of the SciStarter and Science Cheerleader teams, Mark Severance, who helped make this possible. Mark, our Space Guy, will be leading and developing space oriented activities for both sites. Mark is a career NASA employee at the Johnson Space Center in Houston and was introduced to us by Science Cheerleader Summer Williams who also works at NASA in Houston ( in addition to being a former cheerleader for the Houston Texans and current Ms. Texas!). Very special thanks to Science Cheerleader (and PhD candidate) Wendy Brown for her expertise and guidance on the proposal. And, of course, it is the innovative research on microbiomes being done by Dr. Jonathan Eisen and his colleague Russell Neches at UCDavis that sparked this wild ride.
We want to immediately launch a broad campaign to engage the public in our experiment. Some of the areas we will need help with are:
- Additional thoughts on how to use the collected microbes for research
- Web page development and maintenance
- App development (we also have plans for a Science of Cheerleading App…are you an app developer? Let us know if you can help!)
- Development of space cheers and space cheer activities (for live events, online videos, and app)
- Experiment sample tracking and results data collection and posting
- Educational content development; Informal lessons and background information
- Leave Behind documents and downloadable materials
- Informal lessons and background information
- Blog updates for both sites
- Social Media contributors (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, Instagram, Flicker, etc)
- Liaison to our Participating Partners including the National Science Teachers Association, Pop Warner Youth Scholars, NFL, NBA
- Cultivation of Industrial partners and Sponsors
- Appearance Participation and Coordination
- Point-of-Contact to venues
- Media outreach and coordination (we already have national media interested in this…)
- Kit distribution at venues and return to UC Davis
- Leave Behind materials distribution
- Travel coordination
We believe that that our experiment can create an unprecedented level of public participation in a space-based science experiment. However, our success will rely heavily on the expertise and participation of others. Please leave a comment here if you are interested in getting involved. Or email darlene @ scistarter. com.
It is our vision that this will be the first of a series of space based experiments we can conduct onboard, or launched from, the ISS. Although we are primarily focused on the implementation of our current proposal, Mark and I would welcome your ideas for other space experiments we could pursue. Feel free to share your ideas with us at any time.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A growing focus on sustainability issues has permeated the area of Supply Chain Management (SCM) over the past two decades. The concept of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has been introduced to reflect a commitment to addressing economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability in managing supply chain activities. The transition from traditional SCM to the new landscape of SSCM implies that the roles of IS/IT supporting SCM may need to be revisited as a result of the shift to a SSCM focus. Currently, the role of IS/IT in SSCM has only been discussed in a fragmented manner in a handful of studies. In this conceptual paper, we therefore explore current understandings of SSCM practices focusing on identifying the way IS/IT roles are played out in supporting SSCM practices. We find that SCCM presents a serious challenge to the IS/IT community for leveraging the transformation role of IS/IT that can help increase the adoption of SSCM practices
Kurnia, Sherah; MD. Mahbubur, Rahim; and Gloet, Marianne, "Understanding The Roles Of Is/It In Sustainable Supply Chain Management" (2012). PACIS 2012 Proceedings. 50.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
DV Summit: Kickstarter – Fear & Love
The Design Ventura summit "Design: the problem and the solution" was held on 29 March 2017. Its purpose was to bring together educators, designers, cultural providers and policy makers to discuss how they can ensure that young people are developing creativity, design thinking and employability skills to prepare them for future success.
The following extract is by Anjeli Placzek, from the Concept Lounge, on her take on the issues discussed.
The Concept Lounge hosted sessions for the Design Ventura Summit focusing on the theme of "Design: The Problem and the Solution" in context.
Inspired by the principle of 'skills fusion' and the benefits of creativity across all industries we invited delegates to journey through the Design Museum's immersive Fear & Love exhibition. Participants reflected upon encounters during the show to consider how seemingly invisible yet vital aspects of design support daily experience and contribute towards a sense of self and habitat. Together participants considered how innovative thinking and the role of design affect our understanding and navigation of a complex world.
Delegates delved deeper into the notion of humans as story telling animals and design as a tool that guides and reflects our collective narrative. The benefits of creative thinking and practice were highlighted along with the importance of casting challenges through a fresh lens to achieve unexpected, effective future solutions.
The value of harnessing innovative thinking and problem solving from a young age is something that resonated with all participants. The workshop feed back concluded that ideally along with an integrated 'skills fusion' approach across subject matters at school, support outside the curriculum is invaluable to offer young people an opportunity to experience the potential of their own creativity and to contextualize this skill in the outside world.


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I use ArcGIS 10.1 and I am dealing with viewshed and least cost path analysis. I would like to generate a path on the basis of a cost surface taking into account the viewshed data as indicated in the paper "On applying viewshed analysis for determining least-cost paths on Digital Elevation Models" by Stucky and Lee. In order to do that the authors say:
To support the computation of the various least-cost paths discussed in this paper, two grids of visibility information should be calculated. The first is a general viewgrid (VG) that records for each cell the number of cells visible. The second is a dominance viewgrid (VD) that holds for each cell the number of cells from which the cell is visible. Both grids are constructed by calculating intervisibility between grid cells using the LoS algorithm. Two matrices are not equal because the number of cells visible from a cell does not always equal the number of cells to which that cell is visible. Next, these two visibility grids are converted to friction surfaces. These surfaces are used as the input grids to the least-cost path procedure. To do this, a few adjustments must be made to create the friction surfaces suitable for calculating viewpaths that we wish to use. For this study, we have implemented a total of four viewpaths. Each of the four viewpaths requires different friction surfaces to be setup from viewgrids.
Does someone know how to create the viewgrids and covert them into friction surfaces?


text:
In Japanese mythology, an ikiryō (Japanese term for "astral projection")is a manifestation of the soul of a living person separately from their body. It is therefore associated with near death experiences and is also frequently reported as spontaneously experienced in association with sleep and dreams, illness, surgical operations, drug experiences,sleep paralysis and forms of meditation.
Side-note: Click the CC icon to enable the English subtitles.
Ikiryo is a manifestation of the soul of a living person separately from their body.
Traditionally, if someone holds a sufficient grudge against another person, it is believed that a part or the whole of their soul can temporarily leave their body and appear before the target of their hate in order to curse or otherwise harm them, similar to an evil eye.However, this temporary separation would result in sickness. If the separation became permanent, the person who held the grudge would die. The Ikiryo are said to be able to possess another living person without the originator even being aware of it Buddhist literture describes the Ikiryo as being particularly difficult to exorcise. The spirits are not tied to whomever they possess, and may freely move about bodies.


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Italian dig uncovers "oldest" temple in Cyprus
NICOSIA (Reuters) - An Italian archaeologist says she has discovered what is believed to be the oldest site of religious worship in Cyprus, a temple which is about 4,000 years old.
The find at the Pyrgos-Mavroraki site close to the southern city of Limassol predates any other discoveries in Cyprus by about 1,000 years, Italian archaeologist Maria Rosaria Belgiorno said.
"This is the first evidence of religion in Cyprus at the beginning of the second millennium BC," she was quoted as telling the Cyprus Weekly newspaper from Rome.
The Cyprus Antiquities Department said further examination would be required before the find could be verified. "We cannot dismiss the claim but we cannot verify it either," Antiquities Department official Maria Hadjicosti told Reuters.
Belgiorno said she had found the outline of a triangular-shaped temple, comprised of two rooms, on the site. There was a sacrificial altar flanked by a channel on two sides.
"We found no statues, but there is evidence that it is a monotheistic temple," she said. It was probably destroyed in an earthquake and abandoned in 1800 BC.
In ancient religions, triangles typified spiritual gateways or embodied three separate deities.
In the past, the Pyrgos-Mavroraki site has also yielded finds ranging from an ancient perfumery to one of the earliest records of how olive oil was used to fire furnaces.
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Using the code
The object is called
XMLWriter. It automatically replaces invalid characters such as quotation marks or greater than signs with the appropriate XML values. However, it does not throw exceptions on invalid tag names, because the application I'm writing won't have the possibility of producing invalid tag names. If you want to add tag-name validation to the object, it should not be a difficult task.
new command like so:
var XML = new XMLWriter();
XMLWriter object has the following public methods:
Attrib (Name, Value)
Node (Name, Value)
BeginNode writes out an opening tag, giving it the name that you pass the method. Below is an example, followed by the XML it would produce:
EndNode ends the current node (if any are still open). So following from the
BeginNode example, if we were to write
XML.EndNode(), the writer would write "/>". The object is smart enough to know if you have written any text or inner nodes out and will write "" if necessary.
Attrib writes out an attribute and value on the currently open node. Below is an example, followed by the XML it would produce:
XML.Attrib("Bar", "Some Value");
WriteString writes out a string value to the XML document as illustrated below:
Node method writes out a named tag and value as illustrated below:
XML.Node("MyNode", "My Value");
Close method does not necessarily need to be called, but it's a good idea to do so. What it does is end any nodes that have not been ended.
ToString method returns the entire XML document as a single string (duh).
I've provided some sample code. The XMLWriter.js file contains all the code you will need to write XML. It is clean code, but uncommented. I've tested this code in IE 6.0 and FireFox 1.5.


The University of Texas at Austin School of Law
Main menu:
June 25, 2007
Justices of Texas 1836–1986: Online resource spotlights the Texas judiciary
The Tarlton Law Library brings 150 years of the Texas judiciary to life with a new online resource for students, scholars, or anyone with an interest in Texas legal history. Justices of Texas 1836–1986 includes detailed information on the 160 people who served on the Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals during that period, making it easier than ever before to delve into the fascinating lives and fateful decisions that shaped two centuries of Texas history.
The resource features a simple interface that allows users to search in chronological or alphabetical order, or by typing in keywords and names. The justices' entries include biographies, photographs, research sources, and links to further information.
In addition to the searchable database, a detailed timeline of the Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals depicts milestones in the history of these organizations, from the establishment of the Texas Supreme Court in 1836 to the renaming and restructuring of the Courts of Civil Appeals into the modern Courts of Appeals in 1980.
Visit the Justices of Texas 1836–1986 site at:
Related links:
Tarlton Law Library
! --> © The University of Texas School of Law UT UT LAW WEB PRIVACY WEB ACCESSIBILITY EMERGENCY INFORMATION CONTACT US 727 East Dean Keeton Street Austin, Texas 78705 _PHONE_ PDF files require Adobe Reader or compatible.


If i were to create a Web Builder System, does MS Personel Web Server (PWS)
capable of :
1. Handling task such as FTP for a few user? meaning that does PWS allows
more than one user to FTP at the same time?
2. Creating user account if the user has registered to this system?
3. Assigning a URL to the registered user?
4. Allow the user to view the registered user page once the user using the
URL that have been assigned by the system?
i'll be very much appriciated if anyone who could answer those questions
as i need it really urgently. Thank You.


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What is Asset Based Community Development?
Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) is a method of development whereby a community asserts (owns) freedom to act to reach its highest level of ability (development) through what it already owns or has (assets).
Put simply, the community takes ownership of its own development through realizing the full potential of its various assets.
What is Asset Based Development?
Asset Based Development (also known as Strengths Based Development) focuses on what already exists (what is strong), and how to use that to create more assets of either the same or a different type.
- Asset Based
- Based on that which is already in existence, owned and having value, whether built (hospitals, roads, etc.), cultural (festivals, libraries, etc.), financial (banks, foundations, etc.), human (schools, training centers etc.), natural (farms, rivers, etc.), political (representatives, forums, etc.) or social (community events, civic groups, etc.)
- A tool enabling people to reach the highest level of their ability, through granting freedom of action, such as, freedom of economic, social and family actions, etc. – Amartya Sen's Capability Approach
It is possible to stimulate the discovery (or creation) of particularly human and social assets where none seemed to exist (or existed) before.
The opposite of Asset Based Development is Needs Based Development, which focuses on what is absent or needed to fulfill set criteria that the developer thinks would improve the life of a community, often based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Types of Assets
In their book "Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets" (1993), Kretzman and McKnight identified three kinds of assets essential in community work: individuals, associations, and institutions. The Community Capitals Framework of Flora and Flora (2004) expanded these to seven asset types. These assets can be used to convert from one type to another (eg. the human asset of knowledge can be used to create the financial asset of money, which can be used to purchase the built asset of a home). The abundance of one asset can therefore be used by an individual or a community to decrease the scarcity of another asset.
Adapted from "Asset Building and Community Development" (2002) by Gary Paul Green and Anna Haines, these asset types are often simplified to only include Financial, Human, Natural, Physical (Built) and Social assets in ABCD, excluding Political and Cultural assets.
- Built Assets
- Represents the infrastructure of the community – the basic set of facilities, services and physical structures needed by a community.
- Cultural Assets
- The values, norms, beliefs and traditions that people inherit from the family, school and community. Also includes material goods produced at a specific time and place (such as paintings, books) that have historical or cultural significance.
- Financial Assets
- The variety of financial resources available to invest in local projects or economic development initiatives. Efforts to build wealth to support community development activities.
- Human Assets
- Attributes of individuals that provide them with the ability to earn a living, strengthen community, and otherwise contribute to community organizations, to their families, and to self improvement. It includes access to education and knowledge development, training and skill building activities and efforts to build and expand local leadership.
- The quality and quantity of natural and environmental resources existing in a community.
- The ability to influence and enforce rules, regulations, and standards. Access to individuals and groups with the power to influence decisions. Participating in civic discourse on difficult public issues.
- Connections existing among people and organizations that help make things happen in the community. Includes close ties that build community cohesion (bonding) as well as weaker ties with local and outside people and organizations that help promote broad-based action on key matters (bridging).
What is Community-Driven / Citizen-Led Development?
Communities form around places and interests (communities of place and communities of interest). A community is formed where two or more individuals come together around a mutual interest in either a physical location (eg. where they live) or interest (eg. gardening).
To differentiate ABCD from other strengths-based approaches that may not be centered on the community as owner and agent of development, it is often referred to as Asset Based Community-Driven Development. A central feature of ABCD is that communities must drive their own development agenda without outside interference. The ABCD community builder acts as a facilitator and enabler. Where outside assistance is required, such assistance is provided with the specific understanding that the community retains ownership of and control over the process.
A further development in ABCD thought has prompted some to refer to it Asset-Based Citizen-Led Development, in recognition that community ultimately starts with the individual citizen. It is necessary for the citizens of a community to internalize the ABCD principles to ensure its success. This may come more naturally for some than for others.
Asset Based Community Development Process
- Collect stories
- Bring together a core group
- Map the gifts, capacities and assets of individuals, associations and local institutions
- Find and engage connectors who can build relationships
- Ask the gathered community to lead the creation of a community vision and plan
- Engage the self-mobilization of the community's assets by action applied through association
- Lever knowledge of the community's assets and strengths to secure investments and resources needed from outside the community for community-driven development
From Nurture Development
Origins of Asset Based Community Development
In their 1993 book "Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets," John (Jody) P. Kretzmann and John L. McKnight explored the characteristics of successful communities and formalized what they found into a guide for what they termed "Asset-Based Community Development" or ABCD.
In their guide, they acknowledged that ABCD existed before – it is not a new invention. Their work simply formalized and popularized it. They also stressed that relationship building was one of the key characteristics of the approach.
Support for their work ultimately lead to the establishment of the ABCD Institute, from where it spread around the world.
Community is built and sustained at the speed of trust – Cormac Russel
Examples of Asset Based Community Development
Further Asset Based Community Development Resources
Institutions Around The World Driving Asset Based Community Development
- ABCD Institute, America
- Bank of IDEAS, Australia
- Coady International Institute, Canada
- Grassroots Grantmakers, America
- Greater Rochester Health Foundation, America
- Jeder Institute, Australia
- Nurture Development, Europe
- Public Allies, America
- Tamarack Institute, Canada
Asset Based Community Development Downloads
- Compendium of Methods and Tools for ABCD Facilitation and its accompanying Training Materials


text:
Joke Telling Social Story and Speech Tool on How to Tell Jokes
This app includes a social story about how and why people tell jokes, and a simple visual/audio support for telling knock knock jokes. The story focuses on why it's important to tell people jokes, why a joke is funny, and how you tell a joke.
The app opens up to a menu that lets the user choose to either read the story or go to the "jokes" page. The social story describes why someone tells a joke, how to tell a joke and what makes a joke funny. The "jokes" page opens up with a door. The user "knocks" or taps on the door twice to start the joke. There are 9 fun and funny jokes to tell with great illustrations.
Telling jokes is an important developmental skill that allows children to improve communication while connecting socially with others. Humor is especially important for children with autism because studies have shown they often exhibit delays in relating to their peers, in standard cultural conventions and in understanding the emotional states and intentions of others.
Humor is a huge part of cognitive and social development, and children with autism tell significantly fewer jokes than their typical peers. The skills necessary for joke telling, such as language skills and the ability to connect with others are often found to be lacking in people with autism.
Typical children usually develop an understanding of humor and joke telling without direct instruction from adults. This makes it is easy to forget that this may not be the case for everyone. Certain individuals, particularly those with social or communication delays, like someone diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, may need more direct instruction in this important skill.
Not being able to understand humor, or inspire laughter in others can negatively affect the development of relationships, and of cultural participation. With children with autism, this could lead to a further deterioration of social skills and interpersonal relationships
Studies have found that interventions aimed toward children diagnosed with autism that use jokes or teach humor and laughter can improve social skills and relationships with peers. The jokes that are learned in this app can be used to inspire laughter and friendship in any social situation.
Teaching social skills such as joke telling and humor to any child may be easier and less stressful when visual supports, like social stories are used.
Social stories are an important type of visual support often used with children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome or other special need. This social story uses simple text and descriptive pictures to describe why and how you tell a joke.
Social stories were first defined by Carol Gray in 1991 and are commonly used to break down a task or social situation into small and easy to understand steps, often accompanied by descriptive pictures. Social stories are easy to implement and are used by many professionals for a wide range of behaviors and skills.
We know how limited resorces can be. To help support classrooms we offer free apps to educators.
Give us your name, school and work email and we'll send you Joke Telling Social Story and Speech Tool on How to Tell Jokes for free.
Supplies are limited, one app per month and educators only.


text:
Fixing Potholes with Non-Newtonian Fluid
potholes? Forget waiting around for 5 road workers to stand around and watch
while one guy fills the pothole with asphalt! Just grab a bit of non-Newtonian
fluid and, there – you fixed it:
The students, undergraduates at Case Western Reserve University
in Cleveland, devised the idea as part of an engineering contest sponsored
by the French materials company Saint-Gobain—and took first prize
last week. The objective was to use simple materials to create a novel
"So we were putzing around with different ideas and things
we wanted to work with—and we were like, what's a common, everyday
problem all around the world that everybody hates?" explains 21-year-old
team member Curtis Obert. "And we landed on potholes." He
and four other students decided on a non-Newtonian fluid as a solution
because of its unusual physical properties. "When there's no force
being applied to it, it flows like a liquid does and fills in the holes,"
says Obert, "but when it gets run over, it acts like a solid."
What? Don't believe us? Check out this video clip of people
walking on water in a pool filled with non-Newtonian liquid.


text: Laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) is a modification of conventional CVD using a laser heat source. The film growth characteristics differ considerably from conventional CVD in several ways, however. The use of an optical heat source means that the optical properties of the film/substrate system must be considered, e.g., for metals deposited on absorbing substrates, the film thickness and diameter may "self-limit" in some cases because the deposited film reflects most of the laser energy. On the other hand, the small area heated in LCVD results in a different diffusion geometry and access to higher surface temperatures than are achievable when large areas are heated. For favorable reactant systems, these enhancement effects can yield fast deposition rates and line deposition scan speeds greater than 10 cm/sec. This paper will review results of pulsed and cw LCVD of predominantly metal films using visible and infrared lasers.


What is a 3G pitch? And how about 4G or 5G?
A question we get asked frequently here at McArdle Sport Tec, is "What is a 3G pitch?".
With all the buzzwords being thrown around in the industry these days, we can understand the confusion.
So, what does 3G stand for?
To explain it simply, 3G is short for Third Generation.
Third Generation (3G) surfaces are the newest generation of artificial turf and are referred to as one of the major recent innovations in football. They are designed to offer similar playing characteristics to playing on natural turf, mimicking the ball bounce and ball roll. Read more details about what makes these pitches so effective here.
What sets a 3G pitch apart from older generation synthetic pitches?
A 3G surface is created using a blend of grass-like fibres attached to a special backing. Unlike older style synthetic pitches which were filled with sand, 3G pitches are filled with sand as well as rubber granules. The rubber helps to keep the turf pile upright and makes the surface less abrasive when in contact with skin, resulting in fewer friction burns – which is fantastic for players.
Prior to 3G pitches being developed there were 1G and 2G pitches. 1G pitches are non-infilled surfaces, also known as astroturf, and 2G pitches are sand-based pitches primarily used for hockey.
And what qualifies a pitch to be branded as 3G?
To become an accredited 3G pitch, the surface must meet the RFU or FIFA's stringent guidelines. Each pitch will be tested by an accredited 'Field Testing and Certification' body and retested on a periodic basis to ensure the facility complies with mandatory governing body standards.
How about 4G and 5G surfaces?
The FA's Third Generation Football Turf Guidance state "At the moment there is no such thing as 4G or 5G." These are marketing terms used by companies Some manufacturers may promote non-infilled products, but these have not received acceptance as a suitable football surface and often struggle to satisfy FIFA requirements.
Some organisations offering these 'latest generation surfaces' may not be able to offer the appropriate accreditation for the pitch facility. McArdle build and install our artificial pitches in full accordance with SAPCA (Sport and Play Construction Association) and Sport England guidelines. We work closely with our clients to make sure we stay focused on their specific needs and always fully comply with FIFA, FIH, RFU, World Rugby and IAAF requirements.
Why should I choose a 3G pitch?
3G pitches are widely considered to have revolutionised football and rugby. The pitches are extremely durable and proven to perform well for high-level rugby training. Research commissioned by FIFA also concluded that the game of football didn't change significantly when played on a 3G pitch compared to natural grass, and also found that there were no significant differences in the types or number of injuries between these two surfaces – proving that 3G surfaces are doing their job well in imitating natural grass sports pitches.
For further information, or to discuss a possible 3G pitch project, call our friendly sales team on 01491 827810 Ext 1, or send us a message with any queries you have and we would be happy to help.
3G surface


Honda CR-V is top SUV in major economy test
Influential British motoring consumer magazine What Car? has compiled a list of the most economical SUVs in its rigorous 'True MPG' Road Tests, and the most fuel efficient SUV which it has tested has been the Honda CR-V 1.6 i-DTEC diesel, returning 5.0l/100km (56.5mpg ).
This is the second win for Honda in the tests, with the Honda Civic recently being named the most economical car tested by the magazine last year overall.
The unique fuel economy tests conducted by What Car? are unlike the official government figures in that they are generated from real-world driving. Official fuel consumption figures are generated in laboratories which do not consider the impact of traffic, weather, and other real-world factors which can influence fuel consumption.
Where the What Car? tests differ is that they employ similar scientific techniques for measuring economy, but do so on the open road and in real, everyday driving conditions.
The What Car? test begins with an urban route at speeds below 25km/h, before continuing to an extra-urban route, including dual-carriageway and motorway driving, and concluding with a final urban route. At the end of the test, the average fuel consumption on the test route is calculated from the measured CO2 emissions.
However, the volume of traffic inevitably varies, so this economy figure is just a starting point. Sensors attached to the car's electronic systems record the road speed, exhaust manifold pressure and throttle position throughout the test, while other equipment measures the altitude, humidity and air pressure at each given moment. These variables are factored in before calculating a car's true fuel economy.
Under the What Car? tests, the CR-V 1.6 i-DTEC returned the highest real-world economy figure of any SUV tested, with a winning result of 5.0l/100km, the equivalent of 56.5mpg.
Emmet Kavanagh, marketing manager at Universal Honda, told the Advertiser: "We're delighted that CR-V has become the latest Honda model to top the What Car? economy tests as they confirm our new 1.6 i-DTEC diesel engine is a real-world leader in fuel economy.
"To have topped such a stringent test from such an influential publication is a very important accolade for us. While the CR-V already leads the class on official figures, it's the results from real-world driving where the CR-V is a true winner."
The Honda CR-V 1.6 i-DTEC offers a class-leading combination of fuel economy and performance – offering a powerful 120PS, while emitting only 119g/km of CO2 for annual road tax from €200. The engine is the first to be launched in Europe under Honda's flagship 'Earth Dreams Technology' environmental programme, offering customers what it describes as an outstanding balance of high fuel economy, low emissions and dynamic performance.
The Honda CR-V range starts from €31,995.
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text:
Oakley, Christopher Arris. "The legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind! and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina." Mississippi quarterly 60.1 (Winter/Spring 2007): 59–80. Key source
This article is a richly detailed, clearly written history of the outdoor drama Strike at the Wind!, from the planning stages in 1968, to the first opening night of its premiere season (July 1, 1976), through its reopening under the auspices of the Carolina Arts Network in the summer of 2006. Oakley provides a concise, clear summary of the late-nineteenth-century historical events portrayed in Strike at the Wind!. He also explains the subsequent position of the Lumbee in tri-racial Robeson County, especially when the North Carolina Constitution, state laws, and local practices made the Lumbee disenfranchised and increasingly separate. Thus, Oakley's cultural, political, and historical overview provides crucial context for Henry Berry Lowry's coming to be viewed, by the time Strike at the Wind! premiered, as the folk hero of the Lumbee.
Along the way, Oakley discusses the outdoor drama's predecessor, The Life-Story of a People. This pageant on Lumbee history, written by Ellen C. Deloria, was performed with a mostly local cast of 150, in 1940 and 1941. He explains the other factors at play during the planning stages of the drama as well. He discusses interest in bringing in tourist revenues; growing interest, in the late 1960s, in Native American culture; the popular as well as financial success of other outdoor dramas in North Carolina; and a desire to educate people about the history of the Lumbee, who had attained a limited form of federal recognition in 1956.Oakley also traces decisions such as which time periods and historical events the drama should focus on and who would write the play and compose the music. He reviews earlier fictional accounts of Henry Berry Lowry, briefly contrasting their treatment of him with Umberger's in the Strike at the Wind! script.
The article also describes concerns, during the development period, about casting; creative control of the play; and finances for building the amphitheater and producing the play. The article traces attendance, casting changes, and commentary on the play in local newspapers in the first few seasons; it then touches on the increasing financial struggles in the 1990s and the production lapses of 1996–1998 and 2004–2005.Most importantly, Oakley relates Henry Berry Lowry and Strike at the Wind! to Lumbee cultural identity and pride. The article concludes with Carolina Arts Network's acquisition of the rights to Strike at the Wind! in 2005, its aims for the drama, and its reopening at the of the production in 2006. There is also a summation of the position Strike at the Wind! came to hold in Lumbee society and as a manifestation of Lumbee identity.
This article is a useful and much-needed contribution to the scholarship on Strike at the Wind! and on Henry Berry Lowry.


Minakari or Enameling is one of the most glorious Iranian handicrafts. It is the art of painting and designing the surface of metals such as gold, silver, and copper by glazing colors and fire in the furnace (Sometimes, it is done upon the glass or ceramics too.) According to the orientalist scholar Arthur Pope, Minakari dates back to 1500 B.C.
is usually done on different utensils, such as vases and plates, picture frames, the doors and windows in holy shrines, jewelries, small decorative objects, and combined with Khatamkari, Miniature, Jewelry making and other kinds of art. Different kinds of paints used in Minakari were taken from plants, minerals, and iron ore. Nowadays, chemical paints are often used. The craftsmen use gold, copper, and tin in combination with different chemical materials to make red, green, and yellow colors respectively.
Mina, meaning heaven in Persian, is a glasslike coating that can be fixed on different kinds of metals by heat. It is available in different colors, such as azure blue, reddish purple, green, yellow, cyan, yellow, gold, and black. But Isfahan Minakari is usually known by the colors of azure blue and turquoise or cyan.
From among the samples of ancient Iranian Enameling, there are Sassanid plates discovered in Armenia, kept in Islamic Arts Museum, Berlin. One of the oldest samples of Minakari is a pair of earrings, discovered in Nahavand, dating back to 800-700 B.C. An Achaemenid gold armband ornamented with Minakari is exhibited in Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
The process of creating metal forms, painting and coating with enamel is a rather complicated process. Surprisingly, at that time the ancient Persians had such skills. For enamel, mostly silver and copper are used. The patterns of the minakari are so diverse that it is difficult to find two pieces with the same patterns. Several masters take part in the process. First the basis for painting from silver, gold or copper is prepared. It can be a vase, a plate, a jug and etc. Then the product is enameled and burned. The process is repeated for 3 times. And finally, when the object is ready, the master covers it with a painting. First, a background color is applied, then fine patterns and the smallest details. When the painting is finished, the object is placed in the oven. The finished product is examined in detail for the detection of cracks and defects and only products with a perfectly even coating and a pattern are sold or exhibited.
Isfahan is considered the center of ornamental art and the best enamel masters live in Isfahan. The most expensive and unique products are stored and exhibited in the Museum of Traditional Arts and Crafts. In the city bazaar of Isfahan, you can find the best examples of the minakari, and each of them deserves special attention. The products are also exhibited on Chahar-Bak Street and next to Naksh-e Jahan Square. In all bazaars of Iran, you can also find counters with pitchers and souvenirs with paintings. Souvenir with unique painting will be a wonderful present as a memory of an unforgettable journey to an ancient country.
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created 2001 · complexity basic · author Yegappan · version 5.7
To insert space characters whenever the tab key is pressed, set the
With this option set, if you want to enter a real tab character use Ctrl-V key sequence.
To control the number of space characters that will be inserted when the tab key is pressed, set the 'tabstop' option. For example, to insert 4 spaces for a tab, use:
'expandtab' option is set, all the new tab characters entered will be changed to spaces. This will not affect the existing tab characters. To change all the existing tab characters to match the current tab settings, use:
To change the number of space characters inserted for indentation, use the'shiftwidth' option:
For example, to get the following coding style,
- No tabs in the source file.
- All tab characters are 4 space characters.
use the following set of options:
:set tabstop=4 :set shiftwidth=4 :set expandtab
Add the above settings to your vimrc.
Since tabs effectively group spaces together, you may be tempted work with tabs than spaces and change individual lines selectively. To easily change a tab-based indent to use spaces instead when 'noexpandtab' is set, you can temporarily set 'expandtab' and use
:retab with a range. For example, to convert only the current line to use spaces, use
- Super retab to change only indents (whitespace at left margin)
- Highlight unwanted spaces to display unwanted whitespace
To turn off expandtab for editing makefiles, put the following in your vimrc:
autocmd FileType make setlocal noexpandtab
To use this mode only for Python add the following to your vimrc:
autocmd FileType * set tabstop=2|set shiftwidth=2|set noexpandtab autocmd FileType python set tabstop=4|set shiftwidth=4|set expandtab
This is what I use for Python:
autocmd BufEnter *.py set ai sw=4 ts=4 sta et fo=croql
I also add the following line:
set softtabstop=4 " makes the spaces feel like real tabs
This makes the backspace key treat the four spaces like a tab (so one backspace goes back a full 4 spaces).
It is possible to get vim to insert at the "true" start of the line with soft tabs, if you have:
I change these so frequently that I have keystrokes bound to switch between them:
" That awful mixed mode with the half-tabs-are-spaces: map \M :set noexpandtab tabstop=8 softtabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 " Mini tabs, small "m": map \m :set expandtab tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 " Think "little tabs" and "big tabs": map \t :set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 map \T :set expandtab tabstop=8 shiftwidth=8
I use this to insert spaces at the beginning of a line and real tab characters elsewhere:
inoremap =(col('.') > (matchend(getline('.'), '^\s*') + 1))?'':''
If you're trying to figure out how it works and are confused by the thing: = asks for an expression, and the expression is entered as if it was typed, then the return value of the expression is inserted as if it too was typed - so, we want to insert , but if we just entered that into the expression, it would be converted to before the expression is executed - so, we have to enter into the expression, which will be converted to before the expression is executed, which will then become in the actual file.
I also remapped Shift-Tab so I could easily insert real tabs at the beginning of the line when necessary:
inoremap
Or (surely there is a better way?):
" make tab do tabs at beginning and spaces elsewhere function VaryTabs() if &expandtab return "\" else let nonwhite = matchend(getline('.'),'\S') if nonwhite < 0 || col('.') <= nonwhite return "\" else let pos = virtcol('.') let num = pos + &tabstop let num = num - (num % &tabstop) - pos +1 return repeat(" ",num) endif endif endfunction inoremap =VaryTabs()
Nice plugin: script#2308


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Here is a 3-step process for Triangulation: Collect, Arrange, Compare/Group.
- Collect all the Match-segments you can. I recommend testing at all three companies (23andMe, FTDNA, and AncestryDNA), and using GEDmatch. But, wherever you test, get all of your segments into a spreadsheet. If you are using more than one company, you need to download, and then arrange, the data in the same format as your spreadsheet. Downloading/arranging is best when starting a new spreadsheet. Downloading avoids typing errors, but direct typing is sometimes easier for updates. I recommend deleting all segments under 7cM – most of them will be IBC/IBS (false segments) anyway, and even the ones which may be IBD are very difficult to confirm as such. You are much better off doing as much Triangulation as you can with segments over 7cM (or use a 10cM threshold if you wish), and then adding smaller segments back in later, if you want to analyze them. NB: Some of your closer Matches will share multiple segments with you – each segment must be entered as a separate row in your spreadsheet. The minimum requirement for a Triangulation with a spreadsheet includes columns for MatchName, Chromosome, SegmentStartLocation, SengmentEndLocation, cMs and TG. Most of us also have columns for SNPs, company, testee, TG, and any other information of interest to you. Perhaps I need a separate blog post about spreadsheets… ;>j
- Arrange the segments by sorting the entire spreadsheet (Cntr-A) by Chromosome and Segment StartLocation. This is one sort with two levels – the Chromosome column is the first level. This puts all of your segments in order – from the first one on Chromosome 1 to the last one on Chromosome 23 (for sorting purposes I recommend changing Chromosome X to 23 or 23X so it will sort after 22). This serves the purpose of putting overlapping segments close to each other in the spreadsheet where they are easy to compare.
- Compare/Group overlapping segments. All of these segments are shared segments with you. So with segments that overlap each other, you want to know if they match each other at this location. If so this is Triangulation. This comparison is done a little differently at each company, but the goal is the same: two segments either match each other, or they don't (or there isn't enough overlapping segment information to determine a match). All the Matches who match each other will form a Triangulated Group, on one chromosome – call this TG A (or any other name you want). Go through the same process with the segments who didn't match TG A. They will often match each other and will form a second, overlapping TG, on the other chromosome – call this TG B. [Remember you have two of each numbered chromosome.] So to review, and put it all a different way: All of your segments (every row of your spreadsheet) will go into one of 4 categories:
- – TG A [the first one with segments which match each other]
- – TG B [the other, overlapping, one with segments which match each other]
- – IBC/IBS [the segments don't match either TG A or TG B]
- – Undetermined [there are not enough segments to form both TG A and TG B and/or there isn't enough overlapping data to determine a match.]
- NB: None of the segments in TG A should match any of the segments in TG B.
- At GEDmatch – the comparisons are easy. Just compare two kit numbers using the one-to-one utility to see if they match each other on the appropriate segment. The ones that do are Triangulated. You may also use the Tier1 Triangulation utility or the Segment utility. I prefer using the one-to-one utility and Chrome.
- At 23andMe you have several different utilities:
- – Family Inheritance: Advanced lets you compare up to 5 Matches at a time. You may also request a spreadsheet of all your shared segments; sort that by chromosome and SegmentStart, and check to see if two of your Matches match each other. The ones that do are Triangulated.
- – Countries of Ancestry: Sort a Match's spreadsheet by chromosome and SegmentStart, search for your own name, and highlight the overlapping segments. The Matches on this highlighted list who are also on overlapping segments in your spreadsheet are Triangulated (the CoA spreadsheet confirms the match between two of your Matches)
- At FTDNA it's a little trickier, because they don't have a utility to compare two of your Matches. So the most positive method is to contact the Matches and ask them to confirm if they match your overlapping Matches, or not. The ones that do are Triangulated. An almost-as-good alternative is to use the InCommonWith utility. Look for the 2-squigley-arrows icon next to a Match's name, click that, and select In Common With to get a list of your Matches who also match the Match you started with. Compare that list of Matches with the list of list of Matches with overlapping segments in your spreadsheet. Matches on both lists are considered to be Triangulated. Although this is not a foolproof method, it works most of the time. And if you find three or four ICW Matches in the same TG, the odds are much closer to 100%. Remember, every segment in your spreadsheet must go in one TG or the other, or be IBC/IBS, or be undetermined. If a particular Match, in one TG, is critical to your analysis, then try hard to confirm the Triangulation by contacting the Matches.
- AncestryDNA has no DNA analysis utilities. You need to convince your Matches to upload their raw data to GEDmatch (for free) or FTDNA (for a fee), and see the paragraphs above.
Comments to improve this blog post are welcomed.
10 Segmentology: How to Triangulate; by Jim Bartlett 20150511


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Haughton Forrest painted Mount Wellington, the geographic landmark that defines the city of Hobart, many times. He used colour and scale to convey the inherent drama and atmospheric 'moodiness' of the Tasmanian landscape: luminous pinks and soft cool greys, the glow of the afternoon winter light offsetting the dark damp areas of forest. In Mount Wellington from Cascades these colours suggest the air is cold and still, broken only by the movement of birds. The scale of the mountain is also accentuated by the small figures that stroll along the path beside the river.
Primarily a painter of maritime and landscape subjects, French-born Forrest rarely dated his works. He often used photography as a visual aid for his paintings, sometimes referring to the work of James Watt Beattie who trekked into the Tasmanian wilderness to photograph the spectacular natural environment. These photographs assisted Forrest to portray a level of detail in his own work and to create images of Tasmania that were unfamiliar to the general public.


Vietnam cat meat trade revealed: Pets stolen, drowned, bludgeoned and boiled as appetite grows for animal flesh
More than a million cats are killed in Vietnam for their meat every year in a secretive, brutal and growing trade that risks spreading diseases to humans, an undercover investigation has found.
Pets and strays are stolen from the streets and even from people's homes, trafficked across the country without food or water, and slaughtered in unsanitary and agonising ways, according to campaigners.
Thieves have even clashed violently with cat owners, and in some cases have been reportedly killed in brawls.
The animals may be drowned, bludgeoned with a hammer, boiled alive or electrocuted, investigators for the Four Paws animal welfare organisation said. Their findings are based on months' worth of surveillance of holding areas, traffickers and restaurants, and speaking to traders.
A live cat is sold for around £5 a kg, and 1kg of raw meat costs £6.50. Restaurants offer dishes prepared with cat meat for about £5, the research found.
Black cats are worth even more: traders sell them alive for £6.50 a kg, and their meat can fetch £16.50 a kg.
Four Paws and the UK-based Change For Animals Foundation, which collaborated on the research, say cat meat dishes, known as "Little Tiger", are growing in popularity despite increasing pet ownership in Vietnam.
In January, a ban on slaughtering cats was scrapped, leading to a surge in demand for cat meat. It is especially popular in the north but is spreading south, as far as Ho Chi Minh City, the investigation found.
Earlier this year The Independent revealed how sales of dog and cat meat had risen in Vietnam and Cambodia since the outbreak of the coronavirus, because people believe it has "warming" properties that head off flu viruses.
Some restaurants buy animals directly from thieves and slaughter them on site, but most buy from wholesalers or slaughterhouses, according to the researchers. They believe the coastal tourist resorts of Da Nang and Hoi An in central Vietnam are hot spots for cat thefts.
"At the wholesalers we discovered many cats with collars — a clear sign that they were pets. During our research, we also met many pet owners who were desperately looking for their stolen cats," said Katherine Polak, a Four Paws expert and vet in Southeast Asia.
"Authorities usually turn a blind eye because they are often involved in the trade, either profiting from bribes or are consumers themselves."
Lola Webber, co-founder of Change For Animals Foundation, said: "In holding areas, wholesalers keep cats crammed into cages for days until they have enough to cover transport costs.
"Over hundreds of kilometres the cats are transported without water, food and sufficient ventilation to slaughterhouses scattered throughout Vietnam. Some wholesalers even use luggage compartments on regular passenger buses for the trafficking."
Up to 200 cats have been seen in cages on buses.
Many cats die of exhaustion, heat stroke, dehydration or injuries caused by their capture and transportation. After they are inhumanely killed, their fur is removed and the skin burned, before the carcasses are gutted and frozen.
Slaughterhouses are a perfect breeding ground for new diseases to emerge that could infect humans, with potentially catastrophic results, the campaigners say.
"Practices used in the cat meat trade could also potentially lead to the outbreak of zoonotic diseases, as we have seen with Covid-19, due to insanitary conditions, brutal and unhygienic treatment of animals, multi-species transport, holding and slaughtering facilities, and cross-border transportation and handling," said Dr Polak.
She said younger generations consider cat meat an exotic delicacy, but for older people, consumption is usually linked to customs, superstition and the lunar calendar. "Some locals are convinced that eating cat meat repels bad luck. Others eat it, especially from black cats, because they believe it has healing effects, although there is no scientific evidence for this."
The investigations identified northerly Hanoi and the Thai Binh province, with high numbers of restaurants, as popular places for eating the meat.
"We also know that many cats, often pre-killed and frozen, are coming in from Southern China as the cat population is decimated in Hanoi due to the trade," Dr Polak said.
"While the consumption of dog meat in Asia is increasingly being discussed in public, the equally brutal cat meat trade is still relatively unknown."
Two months ago a couple accused of poisoning dozens of pet dogs and cats with cyanide so that they could be butchered were arrested and charged with theft.
Four Paws and Change For Animals are calling on the Vietnamese government to reinstate the ban and strengthen laws to stop pet thefts.
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Solaris Advanced User's Guide
Chapter 4 Searching Files
This chapter describes how to search directories and files for keywords and strings by using the grep command.
Searching for Patterns With grep
To search for a particular character string in a file, use the grep command. The basic syntax of the grep command is:
$ grep string file
In this example, string is the word or phrase you want to find, and file is the file to be searched.
Note –
A string is one or more characters. A single letter is a string, as is a word or a sentence. Strings can include blank spaces, punctuation, and invisible (control) characters.
For example, to find Edgar Allan Poe's telephone extension, type grep, all or part of his name, and the file containing the information:
$ grep Poe extensions
Edgar Allan Poe x72836
Note that more than one line might match the pattern you give.
$ grep Allan extensions
David Allan x76438
Edgar Allan Poe x72836
$ grep Al extensions
Louisa May Alcott x74236
David Allan x76438
Edgar Allan Poe x72836
grep is case sensitive; that is, you must match the pattern with respect to uppercase and lowercase letters:
$ grep allan extensions
$ grep Allan extensions
David Allan x76438
Edgar Allan Poe x72836
Note that grep failed in the first try because none of the entries began with a lowercase a.
grep as a Filter
You can use the grep command as a filter with other commands, enabling you to filter out unnecessary information from the command output. To use grep as a filter, you must pipe the output of the command through grep. The symbol for pipe is "|".
The following example displays files that end in ".ps" and were created in the month of September.
$ ls -l *.ps | grep Sep
The first part of this command line produces a list of files ending in.ps.
$ ls -l *.ps
-rw-r--r-- 1 user2 users 833233 Jun 29 16:22 buttons.ps
-rw-r--r-- 1 user2 users 39245 Sep 27 09:38 changes.ps
-rw-r--r-- 1 user2 users 608368 Mar 2 2000 clock.ps
-rw-r--r-- 1 user2 users 827114 Sep 13 16:49 commands.ps
The second part of the command line pipes that list through grep, looking for the pattern Sep.
| grep Sep
The search provides the following results.
$ ls -l *.ps | grep Sep
grep With Multiword Strings
To find a pattern that is more than one word long, enclose the string with single or double quotation marks.
$ grep "Louisa May" extensions
Louisa May Alcott x74236
The grep command can search for a string in groups of files. When it finds a pattern that matches in more than one file, it prints the name of the file, followed by a colon, then the line matching the pattern.
$ grep ar *
actors:Humphrey Bogart
alaska:Alaska is the largest state in the United States.
wilde:book. Books are well written or badly written.
Searching for Lines Without a Certain String
To search for all the lines of a file that do not contain a certain string, use the -v option to grep. The following example shows how to search through all the files in the current directory for lines that do not contain the letter e.
$ ls
actors alaska hinterland tutors wilde
$ grep -v e *
actors:Mon Mar 14 10:00 PST 1936
wilde:That is all.
Using Regular Expressions With grep
You can also use the grep command to search for targets that are defined as patterns by using regular expressions. Regular expressions consist of letters and numbers, in addition to characters with special meaning to grep. These special characters, called metacharacters, also have special meaning to the system. When you use regular expressions with the grep command, you need to tell your system to ignore the special meaning of these metacharacters by escaping them. When you use a grep regular expression at the command prompt, surround the regular expression with quotes. Escape metacharacters (such as &!. * $? and \) with a backslash (\). See Searching for Metacharacters for more information on escaping metacharacters.
Searching for Metacharacters
To use the grep command to search for metacharacters such as &!. *? and \, precede the metacharacter with a backslash (\). The backslash tells grep to ignore (escape) the metacharacter.
For example, the following expression matches lines that start with a period, and is useful when searching for nroff or troff formatting requests (which begin with a period).
$ grep ^\.
Table 4–1 lists common search pattern elements you can use with grep.
Table 4–1 grep Search Pattern Elements
The beginning of a text line
The end of a text line
Any single character
Any single character in the bracketed list or range
Any character not in the list or range
Zero or more occurrences of the preceding character or regular expression
Zero or more occurrences of any single character
The escape of special meaning of next character
Note that you can also use these search characters in vi text editor searches.
Single or Double Quotes on Command Lines
As shown earlier, you use quotation marks to surround text that you want to be interpreted as one word. For example, type the following to use grep to search all files for the phrase "dang it, boys":
$ grep "dang it, boys" *
You can also use single quotation marks (') to group multiword phrases into single units. Single quotation marks also make sure that certain that the system interprets metacharacters, such as $, literally.
Note –
The history metacharacter! is always interpreted as a metacharacter, even inside quotation marks, unless you escape it with a backslash.
Escape characters such as &! $?. ; and \ when you want grep to interpret these characters as ordinary typographical characters.
For example, if you type the following command, the system displays all the lines in the file list.
$ grep $ list
However, if you type the following command, the system displays only those lines that contain the "$" character.
$ grep '\$' list
For more information on the grep(1) command, refer to the man Pages(1): User Commands.


Board of Education Honors Science Olympiad Students
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The Board of Education and central administrators honored the members of the High School West Science Olympiad team during the Feb. 25 board of education meeting.
The Science Olympiad team is comprised of 33 students that make up two teams of 15 with three alternates. The team is coached by Alyssa Marron and Catherine Abbott.
During their meetings, the students prepare for events for the regional competition. Some of these events include testing of knowledge in specific fields, inquiry labs (such as a chemistry titration) and building. This year's building event was for a gravity vehicle and a ping pong parachute. For these events, students must build within the criteria and constraints presented to them and test the performance of their project.
Some highlights from the regional competition include:
Ninth place school overall for the A team
10th place team overall for the A team
First place: Write It, Do It (Matt Supa and Vanessa Matthew)
Fourth place: Astronomy (Ivan Liu and Henna Chaudhry)
Sixth place: Experimental Design (Carolyn Qu, Sidney Padmanaban and Fiona Needham)
Sixth place: Designer Genes (Sidney and Fiona)
Ninth place: Write It, Do It (Sidney and Fiona)
Ninth place: Geological Mapping (Brett Carnival and Rehan Mian)
Ninth place: Code Busters (Carolyn, Maddie Raeihle and Fiona)


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What is GOTV (Voter Tracking)?
CiviCampaign includes a "Get Out the Vote" GOTV (Voter Tracking) feature so you can indicate the contacts (who you have or plan to survey) who have voted at the polls.
You will need to enable the CiviCampaign component to be able to use GOTV (Voter Tracking). See the Campaign section for more information about CiviCampaign.
Tracking Contacts Who Voted at the Polls
Before you can use the GOTV (Voter Tracking) feature, you will need to have created a survey, create the group of contacts you plan on interviewing, and reserve respondents (reserve the contacts you want to interview) for that survey. To learn more about surveys and reserving respondents, refer to the section Surveys in this book.
To use the GOTV (Voter Tracking) feature:
- Click Campaigns > GOTV (Voter Tracking).
- On the GOTV (Voter Tracking) search screen:
- Survey (required): select the name of the survey you are using to survey your contacts
- Group(s): select the group of contacts whom you want to track who has voted
- click Search.
- On the GOTV (Voter Tracking) screen:
- Check box under the column Voted? next to the individual you know has voted at the polls
- You can float your cursor over the "individual contact" icon next to a person's name to find out more information about that individual


The Top 10 Things People Store
Here are the most common items kept in long term storage. Rather than take up space around the house, secure storage would be a better home for these 10 objects.
1. Antiques
For valuables, especially one-of-a-kinds, which will only appreciate in value over time, secure self storage is a better option than leaving them lying about in the home. A good storage space will protect your antiques from deterioration from the elements while ensuring safety from theft or accidental damage.
2. Books
Books are valuable, but can take up plenty of space in a smaller living area. Many people prefer to keep their collection of books with monetary or sentimental value in long-term storage, so they are always easily accessible when it's time for a re-read.
3. Clothing
Many people have clothing which can't be worn at the moment, but is sure to see its day in the future. Maybe it's extravagant formalwear you only get to use once in a blue moon, or heavy winter coats which are only appropriate for a few months of every year. Regardless, rather than letting these clothes clutter a wardrobe, many choose to leave in secure self-storage when they're not needed.
4. Toys
Children grow out of toys quickly, but they might not be too happy with their parents throwing old toys away. Everyone has a little nostalgia for the things they played with when they were younger, which they choose to keep in secure storage. This goes especially for video game consoles, which quickly go out of circulation but can appreciate in value.
5. Seasonal items
If your house is known for its Christmas lights display or a swinging pool-and-patio party in the summer, it can be hard to store all the necessary equipment when it's not being used. Long term self-storage is a great option to keep the objects which have their moments, but not all year round.
6. Furniture
For people who have downsized their living arrangements or need to reconfigure a room in their home, they may end up with furniture items which don't quite fit anywhere, but they also don't want to sell. Secure storage outlets offer ample space to keep furniture objects safe and pristine until they are ready to be used again.
7. Appliances
The same goes for home appliances, which people can't fit into their current living arrangements. Washers and dryers, fridges, dishwashers as well as television sets all can be kept safely in long-term storage, so that when they are needed again, they are functioning just as they did before.
8. Sports/Hobby Equipment
Sports enthusiasts will know just how much space equipment can take – whether it's a full set of softball bats and mitts, or an array of fishing equipment, it's a lot of bulk to keep around the house. The same goes for musical instruments, artists' easels or paintbrushes or gym equipment. For all these cases long term storage might be a good idea, as this will keep the expensive equipment in better condition than if it was left in a wardrobe.
9. Collectibles & Memorabilia
For sentimental objects which will certainly appreciate in value, secure storage is a must. Most collectors recognise that it's far safer to invest in proper storage than to leave their collectibles lying about. This goes for everything from photo albums, trophies, promotional products and card or sticker collections.
10. Archives
People running a home business will know that transaction and documentation archives take up huge amounts of space, and can't easily be thrown away. Rather than set up a collection of filing cabinets in your own home, secure storage is a good option to stow away important business documents for reference.


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Report workshop "Critical Making of Frictional Urban Interfaces"
On March 6 and 7 2018, the workshop "Critical Making of Frictional Urban Interfaces" took place. The workshop was a collaboration between Utrecht University's Media & Culture Studies department (research group [urban interfaces] + research master program Media, Arts & Performance), and Creative Coding Utrecht, artists Ruben van de Ven (_URL_) & Cristina Cochior (_URL_), in partnership with Het Nieuwe Instituut (_URL_), and HKU (_URL_).
ABOUT THE WORKSHOP
During the workshop, mixed teams worked with urban data in order to explore the growing influence of data in our current urban societies, and raise questions about focussing on frictions. The pervasive presence of media technologies in, and datafication of urban space is connected with various urban frictions. Examples of these frictions include urban data giving rise to new processes of social sorting (think of crime maps), the further encroachment of commercial interests onto urban public space (e.g. customer loyalty cards, personalized marketing, tracking), and the militarization of urban space (e.g. surveillance, facial recognition, risk analysis). We tend to think of frictions as problematic obstacles to be overcome or minimized. However, frictions can also be productive. Artists, designers, and academics have used these very frictions as starting points to make publicly visible and raise questions about the role we want technologies to play in our cities. In this workshop we will use Friction as a central design principle. For this, we aim to bring togesther the worlds of creative making and critical reflection, through an approach called 'critical making'. Critical making is a term coined by Matt Ratto "to describe the combination of critical thinking with handson-making: a kind pedagogical practice that uses material engagements with technologies to open and extend critical social reflection" (Hertz).
Assignment: During this workshop, teams will develop a dramatized data interface for a public location, that explores and elucidates urban frictions in technologically mediated cities.
Day 1 – 6th March 2018
10:00 Welcome to "Workshop Critical Making of Frictional Urban Interfaces" by Nanna Verhoeff, Michiel de Lange, Sigrid Merx, Hira Sheikh
Day 2 – 7th March 2018
The workshops was built around a series of 5 steps, which we described in a briefing sent in advance:
Step 1 – Imagining the story of an urban dataset
We understand datasets as frozen stories, snapshots that we can imaginatively reconstruct. Teams analyze a given dataset from _URL_. Questions to consider: Who are the 'characters', the people who collected and selected these data? What aims did they have? What hangups, issues, emotions did they have producing this data? What frictions can you identify in the making of the data? What do the data say, what do they not speak about, what are the limitations and biases, what could be the embedded politics?
Output: This step is meant to get the creative juices flowing, and to begin the critical process. The outcome is a list of at least 3 initial intuitions about possible dramatizations of data, beyond its apparent intention. Sketch this on a poster for presentation.
Step 2 – Urban friction as plotting device
We consider friction as a way to bring drama into the reconstruction of the dataset. Teams formulate at least five possible frictions arising from step 1. Next, teams identify one specific friction that you will work with. The aim is to change the way we think of data as saying something about the world.
Output: a defined urban friction to work with, that acts as a plotting mechanism. Sketch this on a poster for presentation.
Step 3 – Situating the urban friction
In his step you will develop the narrative setting of the friction. Each team will determine a location and time that situates, and offers the context of this friction. Where and when does the story take place?
Output: storyboard for a dramatized narrative in a particular urban setting.
Step 4 – Urban interface
From the dramatization of data developed in step 1-3, we now move to the design of a critical interface. How can your interface mediate the frictions imagined in the dataset, and how can people engage with this? Briefly review the existing visual aesthetics of datavisualization on urban dashboards. Think not only about what interfaces represent but also about how they produce, 'perform' a specific type of narrative. How can you subvert this logics and aesthetics? How can you make friction a guiding design principle for datavis and dashboards? How can your interface produce certain meanings and affects in people?
Output: a mockup or sketch of a tangible, material interface.
Step 5 – Urban Intervention
In the final step you locate this interface in the urban context. Re-connect the dramatized data (steps 1-3) and the interface (step 4) to the city: Where and when will you place your story as a localized urban intervention? How can you engage an audience with your story? How is this a way of making your data narrative truly "public"?
Output: present your design in the form of your choosing – including a statement about the critical aim of this intervention.
Day 1 kicked off by a series of inspirational talks by the workshop organizers, Klaas Kuitenbrouwer (Het Nieuwe Instituut – who is involved in a multi-year Critical Making project), Fabian van Sluijs (Creative Coding Utrecht), Daan Krijnen (Ngage Media), Ruben van de Ven (Affective Interfaces), Cristina Cochior (Data Dramatization).
After that, teams were formed and participants started to work on the assignment.
Day one was devoted to fictionalize and dramatize data. Through this approach we aimed to better understand how data are produced by people and organizations with certain aims in mind, but also with certain subjective moods, quirks and so on. At the end of day 1 teams briefly presented their work in progress. It appeared that it was very hard to go beyond the initial reflex to parody and mock the data, by ridiculing the categorizations, and spurious correlations suggested by these data.
On day two we begun by pressing the participations a little to step up their game, and focus on one or more of the following issues: what urban friction are you addressing, can you dig deeper into the data and come up with interesting dramatizations, and can you situate your intervention in such a way that it actually allows for engagement and people's voices to be heard, possibly by testing out your prototype outside on the city streets? Teams worked very hard that day and came up with a great number of concepts, which they presented at the end of the day.
As a very brief reflection, the approach itself seems a great way of combining critical thinking and creative making processes. Instead of seeing these as mutually exclusive or belonging to different disciplines (humanities=critical; arts=creative) but actually reinforcing one another. The making part still remained relatively underdeveloped, which is not surprising considering this was a 2-day workshop, and that working with data often involved a steep learning curve for the uninitiated. Also, the dramatizations and stories could acquire more depth and texture through more sustained involvement. The organizers see this as the first step in a hopefully longer-running collaboration.
Briefing of Workshop Critical Making of Frictional Urban Interfaces >>
Call for Workshop Critical Making of Frictional Urban Interfaces >>
Below a series of photos of the workshop, courtesy of Cristina Cochior.


Pupils at The Avenue School got into the spirit of the World Cup for a day of activities in support of the 1GOAL education for all initiative.
The campaign seizes the power of football to ensure that education for all children – regardless of economic or social situation – is a lasting impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
1GOAL brings together footballers, fans, charities, corporations and individuals to lobby and achieve the ambition to see all children having access to a good education.
For its part, children at The Avenue School, in Conwy Close, Tilehurst, were allowed to wear football kits to school and took part in a Shoot for Goal competition, a football speed cage, fancy dress competition, Find the Flag competition, Sport the Ball, and table football.
Reading FC's reserve goalkeeper Ben Hamer also visited, signing lots of autographs for loyal fans.
A screening of an official film from the 1GOAL organisers showed why education is so valuable to all the world's children, and each pupil coloured parts of an enormous football scarf which was sent to Downing Street as part of the UK children's hopes that the government provide whatever they can to enable children throughout the world to receive education.


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Elements (such as Iridium, Element Zero, Palladium, and Platinum) are found frequently in Mass Effect games, and are expected to make a return in Mass Effect 3. They are used to upgrade equipment, weapons, and ship upgrades. They have been mostly gained from mining planets, but BioWare has confirmed that mining will take a different form in Mass Effect 3.
Mining in Mass Effect 2 allowed for the removal of these elements from various planets. Above is a picture of the mining of a planet, and the removal of these elements.


8.12.5 Examining Thread Information Thread Command Values General Thread States Delayed-Insert Thread States Query Cache Thread States Replication Master Thread States Replication Slave I/O Thread States Replication Slave SQL Thread States Replication Slave Connection Thread States MySQL Cluster Thread States Event Scheduler Thread States
When you are attempting to ascertain what your MySQL server is doing, it can be helpful to examine the process list, which is the set of threads currently executing within the server. Process list information is available from these sources:
Access to threads does not require a mutex and has minimal impact on server performance. INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST and SHOW PROCESSLIST have negative performance consequences because they require a mutex. threads also shows information about background threads, which INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST and SHOW PROCESSLIST do not. This means that threads can be used to monitor activity the other thread information sources cannot.
Each process list entry contains several pieces of information:


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This is just an Excerpt from a larger document, click here to view the entire document.Caveats
An accelerated test model is derived by testing the item of interest at a normal stress level and also at one or more accelerated stress levels. Extreme care must be taken when using accelerated environments to recognize and properly identify those failures which will occur in normal field use and conversely those that are not typical of normal use. Since an accelerated environment typically means applying a stress level well above the anticipated field stress, accelerated stress can induce false failure mechanisms that are not possible in actual field use. For example, raising the temperature of the test item to a point where the material properties change or where a dormant activation threshold is exceeded could identify failures which cannot occur during normal field use. In this situation, fixing the failure may only add to the product cost without an associated increase in reliability. Understanding the true failure mechanism is paramount to eliminating the root cause of the failure.


Memory Alpha
Project 705
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Mirror Universe
(coexisting on another dimensional plane)
Project 705
A Project 705 class submarine
The Project 705 (or Alfa-class) was a type of military submarine used in the mirror universe on Earth during that planet's 20th century. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly")
Although not mentioned by name, the Project 705 submarine (pictured, right) appeared in the opening credits, indicating the craft was manufactured and used in that universe. It was reused footage from the film The Hunt for Red October.
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American English Video Vocabulary Builder
Lesson 42. Body parts - 7. Past tense, 3rd person
Lesson 43. Body parts - 1. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 44. Body parts - 2. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 45. Body parts - 3. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 46. Body parts - 4. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 48. Body parts - 6. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 49. Body parts - 7. Future tense, 1st person
Learn new English words and grammar at the same time!
To help you learn how to conjugate English verbs, we created several versions of each lesson: in past, present and future tense, as well as in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. This way, you will learn the English ways to say "I listen to music," "I listened to music," "I will listen to music," "You listen to music," etc.
All lessons have English subtitles.
As of today American English vocabulary builder includes 63 video lessons for a total duration of more than 2 hours. This is an ongoing project. We constantly add new lessons.
In order to get access to all lessons, you need to buy the subscription Premium.


AR# 52881
Configuration - BitStream Encryption - How to create and program an encrypted bitstream
How do I generate an encrypted bitstream and how do I program the encryption keys into the FPGA?
Xilinx FPGAs support several bitstream encryption methods including AES, HMAC and DNA.
These methods are detailed in the FPGA's respective configuration user guide found on
We strongly urge customers to read the configurations user guide to familiarize themselves with where Xilinx stands on bitstream security and what available options there are as well as information on how to implement them.
You will also need to use external encryption devices to protect your design.
You can read the device to get a key and calculate a verification code.
Here is a reference design that details a similar implementation:
Note that this is all that is available regarding this implementation and you will need to modify the reference design and code provided if you chose to pursue this route.
When selecting BBRAM or eFUSE storage options, it is highly recommended that you consider their use properties and what satisfies your design requirements better.
Please refer to the following tables and notes on each of their use advantages/disadvantages.
More on each of these storage options can be found in the respective devices User guide.
The following is general information about bitstream encryption with Xilinx devices.
Virtex-6 and 7-Series devices support the use of both HMAC and AES keys.
Spartan devices only have the AES key option.
Also compression and encryption together are only supported for Virtex-6 and 7 Series devices.
Refer to (Xilinx Answer 37413).
Only the three largest Spartan-6 devices support bitstream Encryption(XC6SLX75 / 75T, XC6SLX100 / 100T & XC6SLX150 / 150T).
The HMAC key is included in bitstream and does not need to be programmed to FPGA unlike the AES key.
The HMAC key is contained in the same NKY key file as the AES encryption key as well as the BIT file.
Users can perform readback through the ICAP interface even if bitstream encryption is used.
An unencrypted bitstream can be loaded to configure the device even when a device holds an encryption key, given that POR or PROG asserted first clearing out the configuration memory.
Note that once the FUSE_CNTL[0] bit is programmed, only bitstreams encrypted with the eFUSE key can be used to configure the FPGA.
The NKY files can be either supplied to BitGen or created in BitGen by supplying the keys.
If a HMAC key is not supplied, BitGen automatically generates one for you.
However, the key is however not loaded into the FPGA device directly via JTAG like the AES key.
It is contained and protected (wrapped) by the encrypted bitstream.
During the on-chip decryption process, this HMAC key is extracted from the bitstream and used by the authentication algorithm (i.e., no on-chip key storage for the HMAC key is required).
The NKY file format is: KEY HMAC/(0 for AES) (256 bit HMAC/AES key)
The following is an example NKY file:
The StartCBC BitGen setting is an option and not mandatory.
Xilinx AES bitstream encryption uses a technique called Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) with a 256-bit AES key.
CBC ensures that two different parts of the bitstream that have the same actual values (for example, all zeros) encrypt to different patterns.
This prevents an attacker from decrypting xilinx bitstream based on seen patterns.
CBC needs a starting random number (Initialization Vector).
AES/HMAC KEY Flow for BBRAM & EFUSE(ISE/Vivado & IMPACT/HW-Session):
1) Enable the Encryption BitGen setting after implementing the design.
2) Select BBRAM or EFuse for the Encryption scheme, then enter the HMAC and/or AES Key and run BitGen to generate an NKY(key) and/or BIT(config) file.
 - Both HMAC and AES keys are required for Virtex 6 and 7 series devices.
 - If you have the Encryption enabled but do not specify the keys or the AES initial vector, BitGen will randomly generate them.
Note: See (UG908) for more info on Programming and Debugging with the Vivado Flow.
Bitstream options in Vivado are set in the design itself via the design's XDC file.
Follow the below steps to enable and set bitstream encryption for your Vivado design:
1) Open your design post-Synthesis or post-Implementation and open your XDC by double clicking it under the constraints drop down from the project sources window.
2) In your XDC file set the following property to enable bit stream encryption:
set_property BITSTREAM.ENCRYPTION.ENCRYPT Yes [current_design]
3) Reference Table A-1 of "Device Configuration Bitstream Settings" section in (UG908) to similarly set the rest of the encryption options in your XDC or Tcl script.
4) An example would look like below:
Note: These can also be set via Tcl and be reflected in the XDC, either by using the Tcl console or scripting in Tcl.
5) After generating the bitstream you can either launch iMPACT or open a Hardware Session and follow one of the below sections.
Note: To report all of the BITSTREAM properties you can use the following to list all bit-stream properties.
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM*
You can be even more exclusive and use:
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.CONFIG*
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.ENCRYPTION*
If the default values are listed, you can use the following for each property you want check.
list_property_value -default [current_design]
Programming the Encrypted Bitstream Via IMPACT and Vivado Hardware session:
1) First, download the NKY file to the FPGA in the same way as you would a BIT file using the "assign configuration file" right click option on the selected device.
Note: The NKY file should be generated in the same project directory as the BIT file.
2) Then you can configure the FPGA with the Encrypted or non-Encrypted BIT file, in which case the key is ignored.
Please refer to the Configuration user guides or (Xilinx Answer 39389) for different configuration options that free up or become restricted when using an Encrypted vs non Encrypted bitstream with AES key.
Hardware Session:
1) Launch a Hardware Session under Program and Debug in the Flow Navigator window.
2) Open an existing/recent hardware target or connect to a new one via the Connection Wizard.
3) set the appropriate hardware properties as per the device/board.
4) Assign the NKY file and the BIT files as shown below by right clicking on your target device.
AES/HMAC KEY switches (Command Line) and description for BBRAM & EFUSE:
ISE BitGen Option Settings & CMD Line Switches for Encryption:
Example Commands:
-g Encrypt: Encrypt Bitstream Enable/Disable to encrypt the bitstream.
-g HKey: HMAC Key (Hex String) Allows a HMAC key to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
-g KeyFile: Input Encryption Key File Contains part AES key and part AES initial vector. BitGen creates random key and vector if not specified.
-g startCBC: AES Initial Vector Allows the initial vector to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
Basic BitGen encryption command for Spartan-6:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX system.ncd
A more detailed BitGen command for Virtex-6 or 7 series device:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g EncryptKeySelect:efuse -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g HKey:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
A more complicated command using different available options:
bitgen -w -g Security:Level2 -g Encrypt:Yes -g KeyFile:XXX.nky -g StartCBC:XXXXXXXX -g JTAG_SysMon:Disable -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
Please Refer to the 14.4 Command Line Users Guide for more information regarding additional BitGen options/switches.
Please Refer to XAPP1084 for more detailed information regarding Bitstream Encryption/Decryption for Virtex-6 and 7 Series.
AR# 52881
Date 06/09/2015
Status Active
Type Solution Center
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Dual Color Probes
Our dual color FISH probes allow for the detection of two genetic loci in a single sample, with a different color dye assigned to each probe. This is useful for cases where multiple genes or regions need to be identified, including when testing for gene translocations and fusions: translocations will result in splitting of the two colors, while fusions will show them merged into a single signal. A dual color mix can also serve as a control/CNV combination, with the control localizing to the same chromosome as the CNV probe to verify that it's hybridized to the correct locus.


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Difference Between Euro and Pound
Euro vs Pound
In everyday life, we often hear about the two popular currencies Euro and Pound. Right from the country of origin, the exchange rates and symbols of these two currencies are entirely different.
Euro is the term used to specify the currency of European Union countries. The countries are Belgium, Spain, Vatican City, Martinique, Germany, Finland, and the like. This currency is now being used globally owing to its exchange rate and economy of the countries to which it belongs. It is the only used currency of the 16 European Union member states. These member states together contribute the Euro Area or the Eurozone.
Pound or British pound is the currency of Great Britain. There is one more term which refers to this currency. It is Pound Sterling. This is the financial term used to represent the currency. This currency is used in the countries of United Kingdom, Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. Sometimes pound is also known as United Kingdom Pound.
The symbol of Euro is â‚¬ and the abbreviation is EUR. The symbol of Pound is Â£ and the abbreviation is GBP. This refers to the term Great Britain Pound. Some other abbreviations used to denote the currency are UKP, GBR, UK, and STG.
A Euro is made up of 100 cents while a Pound is made up of 100 pence. The symbol of a penny is 'p' and an amount like 40 pence is pronounced as fourty pee. So the basic unit of Euro is cent and that of Pound is pence. Both Euro and Pound have a conversion factor of six significant digits. The cents of Euro are issued as coins.
Euro came into existence in 1995 and was introduced in the financial markets in 1999, as an accounting currency. Today Euro is the second most traded and second largest reserve currency in the world. It has the most combined cash value in circulation. Pound sterling comes as the third largest reserve currency in the world. And in the foreign exchange scenario it is the fourth most traded currency.
In the foreign exchange market, if a Pound is equal to 1.59 USD, one Euro is equal to 1.46 USD. So roughly speaking, one Pound is equal to 1.09 Euro.
Euro banknotes and coins are in circulation since 1st January 2002. The European Central Bank in Frankfurt and the Eurosystem administers and manages the circulation of the Euro. The Eurosystem monitors the process of minting, printing, and the circulation of the coins and notes in the states.
The Pound and Euro are two major currencies in the foreign exchange market and two leading players in the global financial arena.
1.Euro is the currency of EU countries while pound is used in the UK.
2.The exchange rate of pound is greater than that of euro.
3.In the financial market, euro is the second most traded and pound is the third most traded currency.
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_USER_{NBERw2035, title = "Hysteresis in Unemployment", author = "Olivier J. Blanchard and Lawrence H. Summers", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "2035", year = "1986", month = "October", doi = {10.3386/w2035}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {The recent European experience of high persistent unemployment has led to the development of theories of unemployment hysteresis embodying the idea that the equilibrium unemployment rate depends on the history of the actual unemployment rate. This paper summarizes two directions of research on hysteresis that appear especially promising. Membership theories are based on the distinction between insiders and outsiders and explore the idea that wage setting is largely determined by firms' incumbent workers rather than by the unemployed. Duration theories explore the idea that the long term unemployed exert much less downwards pressure on wages than do the short term unemployed.}, }


Ancient Granite Quarry in Aswan, Egypt
One of the first things we visited when we arrived in Aswan was the northern quarry, which contains an unfinished obelisk. Most of the granite that was used in ancient Egypt was mined from the quarries of Aswan and carried up the Nile on boats. It must have been extremely hard work to mine granite by chipping away at it with other stones. The day that we arrived in Aswan it was 114 degrees Fahrenheit (about 44.5 degrees Celsius), which made the thought of conditions that the ancient workers even more oppressive.
Looking Down at the Quarry and the Unfinished Obelisk
Marks in the Granite
The Top of the Unfinished Obelisk
The giant obelisk that remains partially excavated from the granite quarry is quite impressive to see. It was commissioned by the famous female pharaoh, Hatshepsut and would have likely ended up with the other obelisks in the Karnak Temple in Luxor. Had the workers completed the obelisk, it would have been the largest ever created, but a crack in the stone stopped work on the obelisk. It has remained frozen in time as the workers have left it for thousands of years. In the time of Hatshepsut, obelisks were meant to represent the rays of sun, a way for the god Amun-Ra (Sun God) to descent to earth. It was important that obelisks be constructed out of a single stone without any cracks, otherwise the gods wouldn't be able to travel through them.
One of the Finished Obelisks in the Karnak Temple
The Narrow Space for Workers
Walking Through the Quarry
Probably more interesting than the reason for the creation of the obelisks is the transportation and actual placing of the obelisks in their final positions. After carefully chiseling the obelisks from the hard granite, they would raise them up and transfer them to a ship where they would be transported, standing erect, up the Nile. It must have been an unbelievable sight to the farmers living along the Nile when the ship with its cargo reaching towards the sky when sailing past them. Then, once reaching their location, such as the Karnak Temple, they would have to be transported across ground to their final location, all without breaking these huge structures. It is truly a task to be admired, even in today's modern world.
Close Up of the Cracked Obelisk
People in the Background Provide Scale to the Obelisk
Ancient Quarry Next to City Buildings
Visiting the ancient quarry with its unfinished obelisk is truly fascinating and should definitely be on your itinerary when visiting Aswan. There is very little shade at the quarry site, so be prepared for the heat and bring plenty of water. Walking around the quarry will only take about an hour or two, so you should have another destination mapped out for before or after. During our trip, after leaving the quarry, we continued onto the island of Philae to see the Temple of Isis.
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The US government will reportedly undertake various measures to drastically reduce its IT spending, including the closure of 40% of its computer centers by 2015, the NY Times reports. The US federal government has the world's largest IT budget at roughly $80 billion a year, and according to White House chief information officer Vivek Kundra, much of that cash is ill spent.
Kundra noted that the nation's 2,000 data centers utilize only 27% of their potential computing power and 40% of their overall storage capacity. By shutting 800 of those centers, analysts believe the move will save billions of dollars a year along with clearing approximately fourteen football fields worth of real estate.
Although data centers generally don't require a large staff to keep the gears oiled, it's estimated that tens of thousands of jobs will be eliminated over the next four years. The closures will begin this year with 195 centers targeted for execution by the end of 2011, followed by another 178 in 2012. The centers vary in size from 1,000 to 195,000 square feet.
Besides simply saving cash, the move will consolidate the government's IT infrastructure. For example, Kundra notes that across various US agencies, hundreds of different programs are used for financial accounting and human resources. "Redundant systems and applications sprouted like weeds," he said.
"We need to shift resources away from duplicative systems and use them to improve the citizen experience." To accomplish this, the government will rely on internal and third party cloud computing platforms.