text:
Down: Click to move the selected element up or down in the script
- Copy: Copy the selected element to the clipboard
- Paste: Paste the clipboard contents at the mouse cursor
- Delete: Delete the selected element
- Configuration: Open the element's configuration window if it has one
Inserting a DragScript from a File
If you have a fragment of DragScript code that you would like to use in several places in your script, or one that you frequently use in different scripts, you can create the DragScript fragment, save it to a file, and then insert it and modify it as many times as necessary into your final script.
For example, we created this script to run a sequence, check for success, and go to the next block if OK, else send an email notifying us of the problem and try again, three times.
Note that we created this DragScript code directly in the main Script block. When we insert this later into another DragScript, a block is automatically created to hold the new fragment, so we don't need to put this in a block now:
We saved this script to a file called Example-Block-2.
Now we open the script to which we want to add this fragment:
Right click on the Script block tag and select Insert DragScript from File. Choose the file containing the DragScript fragment we saved above and click Open:
The DragScript fragment is added in a new block at the end of the Script block. Highlight the new Block tag (Block 1 in this example), use the up/down arrow toolbar icons to move the block to your desired location. Edit the block as required and don't forget to save your changed script.
The Simulator lets you understand how control will flow in your script after each action is completed, whether with an OK outcome (success), an error, or a timeout.
It also shows you the control flow when an Emergency Exit, Emergency Suspend or Emergency Resume event are raised.
No actions are executed during the simulator session. This is just to understand the flow of control of your script under different conditions.
- The panel on the left contains the script to simulate. It contains the currently loaded script in the editor.
- For this example we have added very simple event handling to the script shown above in the DragScript Editor section. For example, if a Weather Event is configured to raise an Emergency Suspend on cloudy weather, and an Emergency Exit if it starts raining:
- Emergency Suspend: Voyager will command the mount to stop tracking and close the observatory shutter (or roll-off roof if that's the type of observatory)
- Emergency Exit: Voyager will command the mount to park, close the shutter or roll-off roof, and park the dome
- Emergency Resume: Voyager will open the shutter and command the mount to resume tracking
- The script also demonstrates how the OK, ERROR and TIMEOUT results of an action are handled. In this example, Voyager would attempt to Connect to your setup.
- If the Connect is successful (IF OK), the script will cool the CCD, slew to near the zenith, and take an exposure.
- If the Connect Setup returns an error (IF ERROR) or times out (IF TIMEOUT), the script will raise an Emergency Exit event and the steps outlined above for Emergency Exit will be done
- Start - F1: Click this button or press the F1 key to start the simulation. When you start the simulation, the Next buttons are activated and messages start to appear in the window on the right. In the next screenshot, we can see the results after pressing Start - F1 and then Next - F2 (or Next OK - F3) three times:
- Next - F2: Click this button or press the F2 key to move to the next line of the script without raising any events
- Next OK - F3: Click this button or press the F3 key to simulate successful completion of the current line of the script and move to the next line that will be executed
- Next ERROR - F4: Click this button or press the F4 key to signal an ERROR has occurred while executing the current line of the script. Then press Next and the trace window on the right will show the path of execution after the ERROR was raised
- Next TIMEOUT - F5: Click this button or press the F5 key to signal a TIMEOUT has occurred while executing the current line of the script. Then press Next and the trace window on the right will show the path of execution after the TIMEOUT was raised
- Next DO IF Condition (no variables) TRUE - F9: Press this button or the F9 key to simulate execution of a DO IF conditional statement that evaluates to TRUE. The DO IF Condition should not contain variables.
- Next DO IF Condition (no variables) FALSE - F10: Press this button or the F10 key to simulate execution of a DO IF conditional statement that evaluates to FALSE. The DO IF Condition should not contain variables.
- Emergency Exit - F7: Click this button or press F7 to simulate an Emergency Exit event. Then press Next and the trace window on the right will show the path of execution after the Emergency Exit event was raised
- Emergency Suspend - F8: Click this button or press F8 to simulate an Emergency Suspend event. Then press Next and the trace window on the right will show the path of execution after the Emergency Suspend event was raised
- Emergency Resume - F11: Click this button or press F11 to simulate an Emergency Resume event. Then press Next and the trace window on the right will show the path of execution after the Emergency Resume event was raised
- END - F6: Click this button or press the F6 key to end the simulation
Checking COUNTER values in the DragScript Simulator
As of Voyager 2.1.1c, the DragScript simulator will display the results of testing counter variables in a DO IF COUNTER VALUE statement.
In this example, the variable numseqs was set equal to 1 at the start of the DragScript.
- The Next OK button was pressed repeatedly to step through the DragScript
- After line 61, since numseqs = 1, the DO IF COUNTER VALUE is Greater or Equal to 1 test succeeds
- The next line is highlighted blue and the phrase Counter MATCH tells you that the test succeeded and the actions in the DO IF block will be executed
- After line 72, since numseqs = 1, the DO IF COUNTER VALUE is Greater or Equal to 2 test fails
- The next line is highlighted yellow and the phrase NOT MATCH!= 1 tells you that the test failed and the actions in the DO IF block will not be executed
To learn about the individual DragScript elements, visit the DragScript Elements page.


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Merging Dermatology Practices: What to Know
Merging Dermatology Practices: What to Know
Strategic diligence can have a huge impact on the success of a merger. Here are some ways to implement it.
In recent years, there have been noticeable increases in practice mergers among physician groups. With the ever-evolving reform of the United States health care industry, there is much uncertainty for private practice physicians, and merging with another dermatology practice (with either the same or a different specialty) does offer some advantages.
The decision to buy, sell, or merge a medical practice is complicated, however, and there are many variables to consider, including how to determine a dermatology practice's worth. Here are some important steps that can help ensure that a merger is successful for everyone involved.
Seek Validation
Is the strategic vision for the agreement valid? Physician owners must have a clear rationale for a transaction and truly understand a deal's impact on their practice's long-term financial future. Too often, there's a misguided sense of why the merger should take place, and far too little time is spent defining how the merger enables them to beat competitors and increase organizational value.
For many physician groups, the link between strategy and transaction is broken during due diligence. By focusing strictly on financial, legal, tax, and operations issues, the typical due diligence around a proposed merger fails to test whether the strategic vision for the deal is valid. To do so, dermatologists should bolster the usual financial due diligence with strategic due diligence. They should test conceptual rationale for a deal against more detailed information available to them after signing the letter of intent. Also, they should see if their vision of the future operating model is actually achievable.
Seek Confirmation
When analyzing a practice, looking at historic and current performance is relatively easy. But what about looking into the future? What are the strategic issues ahead? A strategic diligence should explicitly confirm the assets, capabilities, and relationships that make a buyer the best owner of a specific target acquisition. It should bolster the physician owners' confidence that they are truly an "advantaged buyer" of an asset. Advantaged buyers are typically better than others at applying their established skills to a target's clinical and business operations. They also employ their privileged assets or management skillset to build on things like a target's practice reputation, patient experience, or relationships with referring physicians. Naturally, they also turn to their special or unique relationships with vendors and the community to improve performance, leading to advanced synergies that go beyond what is normal.
Seek Mutually Reinforcing Advantages
When change comes suddenly, it can turn strengths into weaknesses and sweep away dreams of success. The aim of a merger should be to achieve mutually reinforcing advantages. Michael Porter1 wrote that competitive advantages stem from how "activities fit and reinforce one another.... creating a chain that is as strong as its strongest link." By undertaking strategic diligence, physician owners will be able to not only define their main objectives, but also gain greater control over the desired direction of the new entity after the merger is complete. Some strategic diligence questions to ponder include:
 - What are the strengths of each practice?
 - What could our practice be doing better?
 - What opportunities exist as a result of this merger?
 - What threats do we face by completing this merger?
 - What is the current culture of each practice?
As part of the process, you should consider the scope for further growth, efficiency, and improvement. It is critical for physician owners to be honest and thorough when assessing their advantages. Ideally, they develop a fact-based point of view on their beliefs—testing them with anyone responsible for delivering value from the deal, including physicians, physician extenders, clinical staff, and front and back office personnel.
Above all, when it comes to the merger of 2 physician groups, culture is a key decision criterion. Culture should be evaluated and discussed prior to any financial considerations. In my experience, this is of paramount importance for practice-to-practice mergers and is meticulously examined only through strategic diligence. Of course, nothing in the future is certain, but using a strategic and diligent approach provides far greater understanding of the issues ahead and forms another part of the puzzle when assessing a potential dermatology practice merger.
Nick Hernandez
Mr Hernandez is the chief executive officer and founder of ABISA, LLC, a consultancy specializing in solo and small group practice management (
Disclosure: The author reports no relevant financial relationships.
1. Porter ME. What is strategy? Harv Bus Review. November-December 1996:1-21.
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Tag Archives: Vesta
Deities were common deception on the reverse of the Roman coins. These were used if an emperor wished to be associated with attributes of the particular gods and goddess. More often gods were used rather than goddesses. For example, if the emperor wanted to appear peaceful he could depict 'Minerva Pacifiera' as the 'Bringer of peace'. Furthermore, the deities were depicted by the Emperors so they can use the image to suggest the gods approved of and support their reign or associate themselves with the divine as Julius Caesar did with his depiction of Goddesses Venus Continue reading Divinity: Goddesses on the Roman coins II
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Doubt in Cooking Game
The question quotes:
"Now Chef is asking you to count the number of ways to fill the missing numbers (ie. the -1s) of the array with level numbers, so that it corresponds to a valid game. Since the answer can be large, output it modulo 109+7."
So, if there is no missing number the count is zero.
But the solutions getting accepted outputs answer 1.
Question link:
1 Like
Actually the count is 1, because not substituting any -1 anywhere where there are no -1s to substitute is a valid way and the only one. This is similar to the fact that the number of ways of ordering 0 objects is 1, in other words 0!=1. Or that the number of ways to choose 0 objects from a collection of n is 1, which means {n \choose 0} = 1.
1 Like
unless it's invalid then the answer is 0
Yes of course :slight_smile:
_USER_ _USER_ : The problem statement stated the rules for playing the game as "Chef will start in level 1 and whenever Chef passes a level in this game he will advance to the next level, but if Chef fails, he will return to level 1." How come then, the answer is 0 for any test case. I understand that if the sequence is invalid the solution would be 0, but as the statement clearly states the rules, and it is not mentioned anywhere that chef's memory can be wrong or he can play an invalid game, is the assumption of a valid game wrong? Please correct me if I am wrong.
1 Like
don't assume anything that is not mentioned in "constraints" section
1 Like


§49-6A-3. Mandatory reporting to medical examiner or coroner; postmortem investigation.
Any person or official who is required under section two of this article to report cases of suspected child abuse or neglect and who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of child abuse or neglect, shall report that fact to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner. Upon the receipt of such a report, the medical examiner or coroner shall cause an investigation to be made and report his findings to the police, the appropriate prosecuting attorney, the local child protective service agency and, if the institution making a report is a hospital, to the hospital.


text:
iHeartRadio Intricacies: Avast Blocking Login Woes
Start by addressing any rule violations privately with those involved and attempt mediation if possible – sometimes all it takes is open communication and understanding among conflicting parties for harmony to be restored.
In situations where multiple similar channels exist, consolidation might be necessary to streamline your server's organization. However, deleting channels without proper planning can lead to confusion and frustration among members who were actively using them. To avoid this dilemma, consider merging similar channels into one or creating a new channel that encompasses the topics covered by the ones you plan to delete. This way, users won't lose access to ongoing discussions or feel left out.
Lastly, it is crucial to remember that deleting text channels should always be done with caution and consideration for your community's needs. Before making any decisions, take the time to evaluate whether deletion is truly necessary or if there are alternative solutions available.
Seek feedback from your community members through polls or open discussions – their input can provide valuable insights and help you make informed choices.
In conclusion, handling Discord dilemmas related to deleting text channels requires finesiHeartRadio Intricacies: Avast Blocking Login Woes
In today's digital age, music streaming platforms have become an integral part of our lives. One such platform that has gained immense popularity is iHeartRadio. With its vast collection of radio stations and personalized playlists, it offers a seamless listening experience to millions of users worldwide. can't login to iheartradio avast However, recently some users have been facing login issues with iHeartRadio due to Avast blocking the website. Let's delve into the intricacies of this problem and explore possible solutions.
Avast is a well-known antivirus software that provides protection against various online threats. It uses advanced algorithms to detect potentially harmful websites and prevent users from accessing them. While this feature is crucial for maintaining cybersecurity, sometimes it can lead to false positives where safe websites are mistakenly blocked.
Several iHeartRadio users have reported encountering login problems when trying to access the website or app while using Avast antivirus software.
This issue arises because Avast flags certain elements on the iHeartRadio platform as potential security risks, preventing users from logging in or accessing their accounts.
The reasons behind these false positives can be attributed to several factors like outdated virus definitions or conflicts between Avast and specific components used by iHeartRadio for authentication purposes. Regardless of the cause, being unable to log in can be frustrating for avid music lovers who rely on iHeartRadio for their daily dose of entertainment.
So what can you do if you're facing this issue? The first step is identifying whether your login woes are indeed caused by Avast blocking iHeartRadio. You can try disabling your antivirus temporarily and see if you're able to log in successfully without any error messages popping up.
If disabling Avast resolves the problem, then it confirms that your antivirus software was causing the blockage. In such cases, updating your virus definitions might help resolve any compatibility issues between Avast and iHeartRadio's authentication system.
Another solution could be adding iHeartRadio to the list of exceptions or exclusions in Avast's settings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Jan. 17, 2013 A team of researchers led by Professor Maharaj K. Pandit from the University Scholars Programme at the National University of Singapore (NUS) found that unprecedented dam building in the Indian Himalaya holds serious consequences for biodiversity and could pose a threat to human lives and livelihoods.
Prof Pandit, who also holds a courtesy appointment with the Department of Geography at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, and his team at the University of Delhi and the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences investigated close to 300 dams and related hydropower infrastructure on the Himalayan rivers across some of the biggest river basins in the world, namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. The study, co-funded by NUS, was published in the journal Science in January 2013 as well as other scientific journals such as Conservation Biology, PLOS ONE and cited in a Nature article in 2012.
Impact of dam-building activities on biodiversity
Using field data and modelling, the researchers discovered that almost 90% of the Himalayan valleys would be affected by dam building and that 27% of these dams would affect dense forests with unique biodiversity. The team projected that dam-related activities will submerge and destroy about 170,000 hectares of forests. The researchers also predicted that the dam density in the Himalaya is likely to be about 62 times greater than the current global average, which would result in deforestation and the extinction of 22 flowering plants and 7 vertebrate species.
Impact of dam-building activities on human lives
Furthermore, the study found that water volume is the main driver of the richness of fish species in the rivers. Water withdrawals due to massive dam building activity would seriously undermine fish survival and diversity, fragment habitats and limit fish migration in these rivers, with long-term consequences for the livelihoods of fishermen.
Besides threatening biodiversity, the study also revealed the impact of dam-building activities on human lives and livelihoods. Due to high population density, dams have displaced Indian citizens for decades.
Prof Pandit opined, "We are deeply aware of the country's need to develop economically. However, there is a need to balance development and not venture into haphazard dam building without caring for biodiversity and people."
Recommendations to improve dam-building projects
The findings from the study highlight the need for sustainable power development. In their paper published in Science, Prof Pandit and his co-author Dr Edward Grumbine from the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provided suggestions to improve the planning and implementation of India's proposed Himalaya hydropower projects such as the reduction of power losses during transmission and distribution.
Prof Pandit sees an important role for Singapore in this area. He explained, "The power infrastructure in India is worn out and needs to be updated. Singapore has the technological know-how in the maintenance of transmission and distribution networks and this is a golden opportunity for Singapore to provide expertise to aid India's efforts on environmental conservation."
Further research into biodiversity and conservation
Prof Pandit will continue his research on the impact of water withdrawals on the biodiversity of Himalayan rivers at NUS. His research will focus on the large number of endemic species inhabiting the marshy habitats and the floodplains in the Himalayan foothills, such as the one-horned rhino, which are likely to go extinct due to upstream water withdrawals.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- R. E. Grumbine, M. K. Pandit. Threats from India's Himalaya Dams. Science, 2013; 339 (6115): 36 DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Making a Softbox for Cheap
A Softbox provides a soft and even lighting effect which is ideal for a shoot. The only problem is that this light modifying equipment is quite expensive when you purchase it at a photography store. To overcome this problem, let's see how you can make a softbox cheaply with commonly available materials.
Step 1: Gathering the Materials
You will need the light, white cardboard or foam covers, tape, glue, knife, scissors and a white polyester sheet.
Step 2: Getting the Dimensions Right
The dimensions of the white box you are going to make will basically depend on the size of your light and its intensity, as it will be fitted in front of it. For example, if you are using a 500 watts helium lamp, then one end of the softbox will fit the shape of this lamp. The other end will be about three times more in size.
Step 3: Cutting and Taping
Draw a trapezium on the cardboard or sheet where one end is the width of your lamp and the other side is three times that size. The other two sides are equal. Cut out four such shapes, and tape the sides together. The result will be like a conical cover, but only with straight sides without any curves.
Step 4: Setting It Up
The smaller end of the cardboard structure will cover the light and the other end has to be covered with a well-ironed white polyester sheet. You can set up the box on a stand or table by which it is in front of the light and there is no light escaping from the sides. The sheet can either be taped on or just use clips. Switch on the light and you have a fine soft light falling on your subject.


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Household income found to be related to preschool attendance in China
Early childhood education has been seen by many as a tool to break the cycle of poverty for developing countries. Yet, despite the more than 82 million children under age 5 living in China today, little is known about the factors contributing to preschool attendance there, particularly in rural areas. This omission is even more salient given that more than 70 percent of mothers in the 25–34 age range with children under the age of 6 in China work outside the home, and household income has consistently been shown to affect child care choices in both developed and developing countries.
In a new paper, scholars from New York University's Silver School of Social Work and Columbia University's Teachers College fill this knowledge gap by rigorously examining the association between household income and preschool attendance among 3- to 6-year-old children in both rural and urban areas. Using six waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2006 (N = 2,424), they found that rural areas consistently lagged far behind urban areas in both household income and preschool attendance among the 3 to 6 year olds. Preschool attendance in 2006 was 21 percent for the rural children and 46 percent for the urban children. Despite this gap, the association between household income and preschool attendance in rural areas is similar to that in urban areas.
The authors – Xin Gong and Di Xu of Columbia's Teachers College and Wen-Jui Han of NYU's Silver School – found a robust positive association between household income and preschool attendance in both rural and urban settings. A 10 percent boost in household income will bring close to a 1 percentage point increase in preschool attendance, which is equivalent to having approximately 1 million more 3- to 6-year-old children in China attend preschools. In our data, preschool in rural areas in 2006 cost about 480–1,200 yuan per year (≈US $80-200)—as much as 30 percent or more of a rural household's income (the average annual income per capita in our rural sample was 3,894 yuan). The income figure for our urban sample was higher (5,751 yuan), but the burden was similar (up to 37 percent) given that urban preschools often have higher fees (840–2,100 yuan per year).
The paper, newly published in the journal Child Development, is entitled "Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China."
The main challenge in estimating the association between income and preschool attendance is that a wide array of factors, such as mother's working status and parental preferences for child care, could be correlated with both household income and preschool attendance, and that could bias the association. To address this challenge, we used two statistical approaches: a probit model with rich controls and a household fixed-effects model. A household fixed-effects model removes bias associated with variables that are constant over time within a household.
This is the first study to employ rigorous methodology to examine the association between household income and preschool attendance with a Chinese sample. Our results show that millions of families in China face substantial financial constraints in their children's preschool attendance, particularly in rural areas. Taken together, our findings call for government investment to address this challenge. Our results also highlight the need for future research that evaluates the impacts of subsidies or income support programs for preschool attendance in China.


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If you have not been able to attend an iPad Parent Night, Click Here to complete the digital citizenship lesson for your student online.
To receive an iPad, the following must be completed:
1. Parents must complete Digital Citizenship (see link above).
2. Complete the Tech Fee Form.
3. Pay fee at parent night or in school office.


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The NCTR is overseen by a Governing Circle. The Circle includes Survivors and representatives of the University of Manitoba and other partners. The majority of Governing Circle members are First Nations, Inuit and Métis.
The Governing Circle is guided by a Survivors Circle, as well as by Elders and Knowledge Keepers.
Establishing these governance structures were essential to ensuring Survivors and partners are always at the very heart of the NCTR and that the NCTR honours and upholds Indigenous laws and protocols.
For us, as Survivors, it is important that we see the NCTR as our home, where our truths, experiences and lives are validated, honoured and never forgotten. The staff carry the responsibility – both today and tomorrow – to ensure our voices are carried forward in a good way.
~ Eugene Arcand, No. 781, residential school Survivor, and Survivor Circle member, Muskeg Lake Cree Nation
Elders and Knowledge Keepers also play a significant role at the NCTR. From visioning the turtle that sits in front of our building, to the sensitive work of honouring children that never returned home from the residential schools, our work would not be possible without them.
About the Governing Circle
In summer 2014, an 11-person nominating committee selected the first Governing Circle of the NCTR. Governing Circle members:
- Ensure Indigenous people are in control over the materials
- Provide guidance on policies, activities, ceremonies, and protocols
- Provide guidance on ways to increase the Centre's records, materials, and resources and on prospective partners
- Provide support on accessing the Centre's records, materials and resources
Three members of the Governing Circle represent Survivors, their families or ancestors (one First Nation, one Inuit and one Métis) and, at all times, at least four members of the Governing Circle must self-identify as Indigenous. The remaining four members represent the University of Manitoba (UM) and other NCTR partner organizations.
Governing Circle members serve a minimum two-year term, meet quarterly and advise on the NCTR's policies, priorities, activities, ceremonies, protocols and methods. The Governing Circle ensures ongoing Indigenous oversight of the NCTR.
- Meet the NCTR Governing Circle
About the Survivors Circle
Following a national selection process, the NCTR welcomed its first Survivors Circle in 2017. One of their first ceremonial acts was to welcome the TRC's Bentwood Box back to the NCTR after being on display at the Canadian Museum for Human Rights since the TRC's close.
The first Survivors Circle worked closely with staff at the NCTR, providing invaluable expertise and guidance on an array of NCTR actions. Their perspectives were instrumental in the Independent Assessment Process (IAP) records case and development of the enhanced notice program for IAP records. Their direct advocacy efforts resulted in the NCTR's Lessons Learned report and the National Student Memorial Register.
Today, a seven-member Survivors Circle continues to guide the NCTR. These members:
- Ensure that Survivors' voices and perspectives remain central to NCTR programs and policies
- Provide guidance and advice to the NCTR, the Governing Circle, UM and partners on anything important to the broader Survivor community
"It was the Survivors' truth and the power of their statements that changed this country's perception of itself. Having Survivors at the core of the NCTR is essential, not only for respecting the past but also for understanding where we're going." ~ Ry Moran, First Director of the NCTR
- Meet the NCTR Survivors Circle
More Information on Governance
Read our Administrative Agreement (PDF) with the University of Manitoba.
NCTR Annual Reports
NCTR's spirit name – bezhig miigwan, meaning "one feather".
Bezhig miigwan calls upon us to see each Survivor coming to the NCTR as a single eagle feather and to show those Survivors the same respect and attention an eagle feather deserves. It also teaches we are all in this together — we are all one, connected, and it is vital to work together to achieve reconciliation.


Alexander Fidora – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Invited to speak at the honorary lecture series of the Albertus-Magnus-Institut in 2019, A. Fidora has now published a pioneering monograph in the prestigious Lectio Albertina-series which presents essential results of his ERC-project on "The Latin Talmud". This reappraisal of the history of the Jewish people in thirteenth-century Europe is a major contribution to historical and social justice. At the same time, exploring the historical interactions between Christians and Jews is crucial for understanding Europe's cultural and political identity, which was shaped not only by Christianity, but also by Judaism and Islam. This study brings to light the historical foundations of religious (in)tolerance, and underscores the necessity of protecting religious and cultural diversity in Europe.
Alexander Fidora, Albertus Magnus und der Talmud (Lectio Albertina 20), Münster i. W.: Aschendorff, 2020.


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Is there a Best Practice on where to implement AD Import rules in a Hierarchy? Should be this done on the Parent SMP or Child SMPs?
There is not a written "best practice" per se but the general practice and common sense has usually lined to the following:
In a hierarchy environments recommended approach is to have AD Import to be run on the Tier 1 NS only (Parent SMP). There are some misconception on how all these resources are send between the Parent and Child SMPs:
Parent never sends down computer resources.
Computer resources are replicated(not relocated) from Child to Parent.
However if it is needed to replicate some imported data DOWN(e.g. Users), then there should be custom hierarchy rule for that resource type.
Keep in mind that some resources(which are included into default rules) can replicate imported data by default, because imported resource can become dependent item of some existing resource(e.g. Computer can replicate User with it ).
There are a lot of hierarchy rules which replicate resources in UP direction.
So it also should be checked that new custom hierarchy rule which will replicate resource in DOWN direction should not have a duplicate which will replicate same resources in UP direction.
If there will be 2 rules for same resources and different direction then it will be impossible to find real "source of truth".
In that case if it is needed to replicate imported from AD resource in DOWN direction, but there is already default rule which replicates such resources in UP direction, then it will be needed to decide:
Disable hierarchy rule which replicated such resources in UP direction(for some cases it can be acceptable)
Prepare AD import on Child and let default hierarchy rule to replicate such resource to Parent(if it is needed)
Note that starting from IT Management Suite 8.1 RU5, the following new features are available for replicating AD import data:
A new default hierarchy replication rule AD import Replication replicates data for users and computers that are imported from Active Directory. By default, this rule is disabled.
The Replication mode option lets you configure what kind of data the hierarchy replication rule should replicate. For example, if you replicate Active Directory (AD) import data from parent Notification Server to its children, you can either replicate missing data for the resources that exist on child Notification Servers or replicate the resources that are not present on child Notification Servers.
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The RefSerialize package
[Tags: bsd3, library]
Read, Show and Data.Binary do not check for pointers to the same address as a result, the data is duplicated when serialized. This is a waste of space in the filesystem and also a waste of serialization time. but the worst consequence is that, when the serialized data is read, it allocates multiple copies for the same object referenced multiple times. Because multiple referenced data is very typical in a pure language such is Haskell, this means that the resulting data loose the beatiful economy of space and processing time that referential transparency permits. This package allows the serialization and deserialization of large data structures without duplication of data, with the result of optimized performance and memory usage. It is also useful for debugging purposes. There are automatic derived instances for instances of Read/Show. Lists of non-chars have its own instance. The deserializer contains a subset of Parsec.Token for defining deserializing parsers. Every instance of Show/Read is also a instance of Data.RefSerialize the serialized string has the form expr( var1,...varn) where var1=value1,..valn=valueN so that the string can ve EVALuated. So the entire deserialization can be substituted by eval. See demo.hs and tutorial. I presumably will add a entry in To develop: -derived instances for Data.Binary -serialization to/from ByteStings
Dependenciesbase, containers
AuthorAlberto Gómez Corona
Upload dateMon Nov 3 17:24:38 UTC 2008
Uploaded byAlbertoCorona
Downloads130 total
Maintainers' corner
For package maintainers and hackage trustees


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AfriGeneas Caribbean Research Forum
[PUERTO RICO] African Slaves in puerto rico/esclavos
Names of African Slaves in Puerto Rico/
Puerto Ricans are West Indians also, for Puerto Rico is part of the West Indies once owed by Visoguth colonizers, they took the land from the original people name Taino who they subjugated and made the taino slaves, Some Taino survived and are still in Puerto Rico and many Puerto Ricans are mixed with Taino and mixed with the blood of the African whether they are black skinned or white skin. Puerto Rico is the Spanish West Indies, but in reality it is the land of the Taino. The African was taken to Puerto Rica as slaves.
Stripped of their identity and African Homeland and taken to Puerto Rico, these are the slaves, that brought the soul, the sounds of the drums, the dance, the knowledge, the science of healing, the religion of yaruba, islam, african christianity,and brought the beauty of the falani, mandingo, and hundreds of other beutiful african tribes to puerto rico. Gone But not Forgotten, their ancient advance civilizations lives on in puerto rico history, black and beutiful, your souls live on. here are some of their names: From: Ponce,San Anton, Puerto Rico Esclavos(slaves) born in Africa.
Esclavos birth place Africa
More slaves names from other barrio will be coming soon.
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Memory Alpha
Latha Mabrin
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Latha Mabrin
Latha Mabrin
Latha Mabrin was a Bajoran male who lived during the mid-24th century.
During the Occupation of Bajor he was a member of the Shakaar resistance cell at that time under the command of Shakaar Edon. He was a very violent man, acting as both a smuggler and an arms dealer, but after the occupation ended in 2369 he found the Prophets and became a Vedek.
He was murdered by Silaran Prin in 2373 via a small hunter probe while leading a ritual in preparation of the Days of Atonement at the Calash Monastery. (DS9: "The Darkness and the Light")
Latha was played by actor Matt Roe.
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Villa of Livia
The topic Villa of Livia is discussed in the following articles:
 - TITLE: Rome (Italy)
 SECTION: The Palatine
 ...was born there in 63 bc and continued to live there after he became emperor. His private dwelling, built about 50 bc and never seriously modified, still stands. It is known as the House of Livia, for his widow, and has small, graceful rooms decorated with paintings. Other private houses, now excavated and visible, were incorporated into the foundations of the spreading imperial...
 - TITLE: Western painting (art)
 SECTION: Pagan Roman paintings
 ...filmlike, beyond a colonnade of pilasters, with vertical, bird's-eye-view perspective and human figures strictly subordinated to their settings. Other wall paintings, such as those in a room from Livia's Villa at Prima Porta (transferred to the Museo Nazionale Romano), represent a great park or garden filled with trees, shrubs, flowers, and birds, with no pilasters in the foreground to...


text:
HOW ACCELEDENT® WORKS
[accordion_shortcode class="myClass" title=""]
[accordion_content title="How does AcceleDent work?"]
AcceleDent's SoftPulse Technology® releases a safe, e ective and gentle pulsation that transmits through the roots of your teeth to the surrounding bone socket. This helps accelerate the cellular response and speeds the rate with which your teeth can move. When used in conjunction with orthodontics, AcceleDent has been clinically proven to move teeth up to 50% faster.[/accordion_content]
[accordion_content title="Is AcceleDent safe?"]
Yes. AcceleDent with SoftPulse Technology has been demonstrated to be safe and reliable in U.S. clinical trials.
[accordion_content title="How is my orthodontic treatment accelerated?"]
Your orthodontics work on their own by moving your teeth in specific directions. AcceleDent accelerates this process with SoftPulse Technology to generate small vibrations, or micropulses to enhance the movements directed by your orthodontist and allow for faster tooth movement.
HOW TO USE ACCELEDENT
[accordion_content title="Where can I find information on how to use AcceleDent?"]
Please view the Use and Care video at: _URL_-works/use-care-videos
[accordion_content title="How do I know if I am biting into the Mouthpiece with the right amount of force?"]
Bite pressure on the Mouthpiece should be just firm enough to hold AcceleDent in place without using your hands. Avoid biting forcibly on the Mouthpiece as that may cause excessive wear.
[accordion_content title="May I use my AcceleDent while I am sleeping?"]
Here are five essential questions that we will cover during the initial examination:
No, it is not recommended to use AcceleDent while sleeping.
[accordion_content title="May I use my AcceleDent when it is charging?"]
No, the AcceleDent will not turn on when the USB is engaged. If you are using your device and the the battery depletes its charge, you will need to recharge your device and start your session again.
[accordion_content title="Do I have to complete the full 20-minute session at one time?"]
Yes, it is recommended that you use your AcceleDent for a continuous 20-minute session each day.
[accordion_content title="If I need to interrupt the 20-minute session, will the device track my last usage time upon restarting the session?"]
Yes, your device will track the length of your last session as long as the interruption time does not exceed five minutes. After five minutes of being turned o, your device will operate for a full 20-minute session during your next use.
[accordion_content title="If I use my AcceleDent for more than the recommended 20-minute session time, will it add incremental benefit?"]
No, additional daily use greater than the prescribed 20-minute session is not recommended.
[accordion_content title="May I share my AcceleDent device with another person?"]
No. AcceleDent is FDA-cleared, single user prescription device. Sharing the AcceleDent device and/or the Mouthpiece is prohibited. Your orthodontist prescribed AcceleDent for your use only based upon your unique orthodontic treatment plan. Use of AcceleDent without the supervision and direction of an orthodontist may result in adverse unintended consequences.
[accordion_content title="What is indicated if my Activator stops working and displays a flashing and alternating green and orange LED indicator light?"]
The Activator will deactivate after completing the equivalent of 18 months of 20-minute daily sessions. If you are still receiving orthodontic treatment, please contact your orthodontist.
[accordion_content title="Why did the date change on my FastTrac Usage Report?"]
Your Activator will show the date and time based on your last session completed. The date on your Usage Report will reset to factory default settings if your Activator battery is fully drained (no flashing LED indicator lights or vibration). Please refer to the FastTrac Usage Report section in the Directions for Use to reset the date.
HOW TO CARE FOR ACCELEDENT
[accordion_content title="How often does my AcceleDent device need to be recharged?"]
The Activator should be recharged every three to five days based on the intended use of one 20-minute session per day. When the device is turned on, the orange indicator light will flash if the battery needs to be charged.
[accordion_content title="What is the best way to clean my AcceleDent?"]
The Mouthpiece should always be removed from the Activator and then rinsed well with lukewarm water after each use. The Activator may be wiped with a soft cloth as necessary. It is recommended that you allow your AcceleDent device to air dry before being stored in the Travel Case. Do not place the Mouthpiece or the Activator in a dishwasher as this will void the warranty and may cause damage to the product.
[accordion_content title="May I use my AcceleDent device in the shower?"]
No, AcceleDent is not moisture resistant and should not be placed in any environment where moisture is present.
[accordion_content title="What type of battery does my AcceleDent device contain?"]
AcceleDent's rechargeable battery is a medical-grade lithium polymer battery.
[accordion_content title="What should I do with my AcceleDent device once my treatment is complete?"]
You should dispose of your AcceleDent as you would any other device with a rechargeable battery. Reference the "Disposal" section of the Directions for Use manual for further details.[/accordion_content]
[accordion_content title="Is my AcceleDent device under warranty?"]
Yes, your AcceleDent is under warranty for one year providing it has been registered. To register your device, please visit: _URL_. Warranty details can be found in the Directions for Use manual.


text:
Lions 2nd Grade Science
Adult lions are tan in color. They have furry tufts at the end of their tails. Males have long fur around their head and neck which is called a mane. Males are usually larger than females.
Baby lions are called "cubs". These cats have 1-6 babies in a litter. Lions live in large groups called "Prides".
1.The Lion is the only cat with which of the following?
c. Tufted tails and manes
d. Spots and stripes
2. What is a baby lion called?


5.3.3 Slicings
Download entire grammar as text.
There is ambiguity in the formal syntax here: anything that looks like an expression list also looks like a slice list, so any subscription can be interpreted as a slicing. Rather than further complicating the syntax, this is disambiguated by defining that in this case the interpretation as a subscription takes priority over the interpretation as a slicing (this is the case if the slice list contains no proper slice nor ellipses). Similarly, when the slice list has exactly one short slice and no trailing comma, the interpretation as a simple slicing takes priority over that as an extended slicing.
The semantics for a simple slicing are as follows. The primary must evaluate to a sequence object. The lower and upper bound expressions, if present, must evaluate to plain integers; defaults are zero and the sys.maxint, respectively. If either bound is negative, the sequence's length is added to it. The slicing now selects all items with index k such that i <= k < j where i and j are the specified lower and upper bounds. This may be an empty sequence. It is not an error if i or j lie outside the range of valid indexes (such items don't exist so they aren't selected).
The semantics for an extended slicing are as follows. The primary must evaluate to a mapping object, and it is indexed with a key that is constructed from the slice list, as follows. If the slice list contains at least one comma, the key is a tuple containing the conversion of the slice items; otherwise, the conversion of the lone slice item is the key. The conversion of a slice item that is an expression is that expression. The conversion of an ellipsis slice item is the built-in Ellipsis object. The conversion of a proper slice is a slice object (see section 3.2) whose start, stop and step attributes are the values of the expressions given as lower bound, upper bound and stride, respectively, substituting None for missing expressions.


text:
Published on March 5, 2013 by Amy
Moccasin, skin shoe worn by indigenous people of North America, excepting the sandal wearers of the Southwest area. There were two general types of moccasins, the hard-soled, which was used in the Eastern woodlands and the Southeast cultural areas, and the soft-soled, used in the Plains area. The hard-soled moccasin was made by sewing, with sinew thread, a rawhide sole to a leather upper piece; the soft-soled moccasin was one piece of soft leather with a seam at the instep and the heel. Boot or legging moccasins (sometimes reaching the hip) were worn from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico, but they were generally part of the woman's costume. The moccasins of certain tribes were distinctive, and sometimes a moccasin track could indicate the tribe of the wearer. Moccasins were usually symbolically decorated with porcupine quills and, after the coming of the Europeans, with glass beads. Special moccasins were used for ceremonies such as the Iroquois adoption service, which required that a recruit put on Iroquois moccasins to indicate that he would follow Iroquois ways.
native art, native american jewelry, native american rings, turquoise crafts, student loans, debt financing, native american astrology, native horoscopes, student debt, Indian Genealogy Records, family tree, native heritage, native jobs, native study, native students, native american university, grant, native ancestry, dna test


text:
Alexandria, City of
Town Incorporated: 1779
City Incorporated: 1852
Formed From: Fairfax County
Previous Names: Hunting Creek Warehouse, Belhaven
Alexandria County (extinct) was named for the town of Alexandria. It was formed from a portion of Fairfax County that had been ceded by Virginia in 1789 to the federal government for use as the site of the national capital. In 1801, the area officially became part of the District of Columbia, although Congress named it Alexandria County. The county was returned to Virginia in 1846, and in 1847 the General Assembly extended the commonwealth's jurisdiction over the locality. In 1920, the county name was changed to Arlington County.
Original Records at The Library of Virginia: Yes


text:
Any client can download packages from a repository that is configured to serve packages over HTTP. In some cases, you need to restrict access. One way to restrict access to the repository is to run the depot server behind an SSL-enabled Apache instance that supports client certificates.
Using SSL provides the following benefits:
Ensures encrypted transfer of package data between the client and the server
Enables you to grant access to repositories based on the certificate the client presents to the server
To set up a secure repository server, you must create a custom certificate chain:
Create a certificate authority (CA), which is the head of the certificate chain.
Issue certificates from this CA to the clients that are allowed to access the repository.
One copy of the CA is stored on the repository server. Whenever a client presents a certificate to the server, that client certificate is verified against the CA on the server to determine whether to grant access.
This section describes the following steps to create the certificate chain and configure the Apache front end to verify client certificates:
Create a keystore
Create a certificate authority for client certificates
Add SSL configuration to the Apache configuration file
Create a self-signed server certificate authority
Create a PKCS12 keystore
For information about Apache web server privileges in Oracle Solaris, see Locking Down Resources by Using Extended Privileges in Securing Users and Processes in Oracle Solaris 11.2.


text:
From the king's pleasure vessel to quarantine ship to the scrap yard. Amphion met many different fates during her lifetime. Now only a part of the ship remains. You'll find it at the Maritime Museum.
It's hard to miss Amphion when you enter the Maritime Museum. Just look straight ahead from the entrance and you'll see the opulent stern with its golden angel's face radiating across the rotunda.
This part of the museum has been specially built for Amphion's stern and cabin with its preserved interior. The rear of the ship is the only surviving part of what was once Gustav III's pleasure vessel, inspired by the luxury of the French court at Versailles.
Hidden away in shed
Amphion was launched in 1778 and her century-long life would be a dramatic one. The schooner yacht, later celebrated in song by the Swedish bard Bellman, nearly sank on her maiden voyage.
Amphion was not just a pleasure vessel – she was also used in war. She served as a command ship in naval battles against Russia in 1788 and 1790, and narrowly escaped becoming a Russian trophy of war.
But her glory days were soon over. After the assassination of Gustav III in 1792, the ship was placed in a shed. There she remained until 1829, when she was repaired and refurbished.
A ship for cholera victims
But it was a brief moment of renewed glory. By the 1850s Amphion had been turned into a quarantine ship for cholera victims. And in 1875 she found herself converted into a barracks ship.
Ten years later, in 1885, Amphion was broken up. The stern was preserved and is now on display at the Maritime Museum in all its former glory.


text:
We model in detail a flare observed on Proxima Centauri with the EPIC-PN on board XMM-Newton at high statistics and high time resolution and coverage. Time-dependent hydrodynamic loop modeling is used to describe the rise and peak of the light curve, and a large fraction of the decay, including its change of slope and a secondary maximum, over more than 2 h. The light curve, the emission measure and the temperature derived from the data allow us to constrain the loop morphology and the heating function and to show that this flare can be described with two components: a major one triggered by an intense heat pulse injected in a single flaring loop with half-length ≈1.0 × 1010 cm, the other one by less intense heat pulses released about 1/2 h after the first one in related loop systems, probably arcades, with the same half-length. The heat functions of the two loop systems appear very similar: an intense pulse located at the loop footpoints followed by a low gradual decay distributed in the coronal part of the loop. The latter result and the similarity to at least one solar event (the Bastille Day flare in 2000) indicate that this pattern may be common to solar and stellar flares.Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member states and the USA (NASA).
|Number of pages||15|
|Journal||ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS|
|Publication status||Published - 2004|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science


I previously asked this question in the maths community not realising that this stack exchange community existed. I have searched online extensively and haven't been able to find an explanation to how this works and would really appreciate some input.
I'm studying this signals and systems text book and I can't figure out the logic behind how $u(t)$ and $r(t)$ can be added together to form some signals.
$$ u(t) \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }t\ge0 \end{cases} $$
$$ $$
$$ \begin{align} r(t) & \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<0 \\ t, & \text{if }t\ge0 \end{cases} \\ & = t \ u(t) \\ \end{align}$$
$$ $$
Basically, an example in the book gives this signal:
signal example
So the book says that it can be described by this equation: $$ x(t) = u(t)-r(t-1)+2r(t-2)-r(t-3)+u(t-4)-2u(t-5) $$
It states that the sum of the ramps $-r(t-1)+2r(t-2)$ goes upward with the slope equal to one starting at $t=2$. I can't understand how this works geometrically and haven't been able to find anything that has helped. Does anyone know how this type of modelling is done?
I'm not sure I understand the delta-equals notation, but I'll assume it means definition.
It's important to understand that you're doing a variable substitution here. In the strictest sense, the $t$ in $u(t-1)$ is not the same $t$ as in $u(t)$. It may be easier for you to understand if you write your definitions as functions of $z$ instead of $t$:
$$ u(z) \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }z<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }z\ge0 \end{cases} $$
$$ \begin{align} r(z) & \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }z<0 \\ z, & \text{if }z\ge0 \end{cases} \\ & = z \ u(z) \\ \end{align}$$
So, $z=t$ in $u(t)$ and $z=t-1$ in $r(t-1)$, etc. You're changing a function of $z$ into a function of $t$.
The two functions you're dealing with have a breakpoint in them where the function changes behavior. In both cases it happens when $z=0$. So, looking at $u(z)$ for example, $u(z)=0$ for all values of $z$ less than zero and $u(z)=1$ for $z=0$ and all values greater than zero-- just saying what the function says, but in words.
When I use $u(t)$, I am substituting $z=t$ so $u(t)=0$ for all times before $t=0$, and $u(t)=1$ from time $t=0$ onward.
Now think about what's happening in the function argument with all the $(t-1)$, $(t-2)$ values... If you were to look at $u(t-4)$, then, it has the effect of shifting the entire function to the right in time. In this case: $$ u(t-4) = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t-4<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }t-4\ge0 \end{cases} $$ or, rearranging the conditions a bit: $$ u(t-4) = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<4 \\ 1, & \text{if }t\ge4 \end{cases} $$ so you have a step function that is zero for all times before $t=4$, and one for times $t=4$ onward.
With the $r(z)$ function, with $z=t-2$ you substitute for $z$ in all places, so you have: $$ \begin{align} r(t-2) & = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<2 \\ t-2, & \text{if }t\ge 2 \end{cases} \\ & = (t-2) \cdot u(t-2) \\ \end{align}$$ which is zero for all times before $t=2$ and then a line starting at $(t=2,x(t)=0)$ with a slope of positive 1 and a y-intercept of -2.
The coefficients have the effect of changing the slope and corresponding y-intercept but the t-intercept remains the same. $2\cdot r(t-2)$ has a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of -4 but still crosses the $t$ axis at $t=2$.
The x(t) function is a linear combination of such functions, so you must add up the values at each point. The easiest way to see this on graph paper would be to draw each term separately one above the other and then add them vertically.
With the two components you you've highlighted, $−r(t−1)+2\cdot r(t−2)$: There is a slope of zero before $t=1$ because $u(t)$ is zero slope. The first term starts a ramp of slope of -1 starting at $t=1$ and the second term adds to that a ramp of slope +2 starting at $t=2$. Where those two terms overlap (everywhere from $t=2$ and to the right) the combined slope of those terms is +1.
 - $\begingroup$ Yeah the delta equals does mean that. After reading your answer I drew them all vertically and saw that by performing arithmetic to get the resulting values of the signal at each point results in the signal shown.The only thing that is still confusing for me is how the final two terms in the equation u(t-4) & -2u(t-5) produce that value of two between 4 & 5 but zero elsewhere? $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 7 '16 at 23:22
 - $\begingroup$ Don't worry I finally see how it works. the adding of the u(t-4) to the hitherto generated function with a slope of zero at x(t)=1 results in a boosted step signal which is then negated from 5 onwards by the term 2u(t-5). I didn't realise the chronological importance of this type of modelling until now. Thanks for your help. $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 7 '16 at 23:38
 - $\begingroup$ I'd think of it less as "chronological" and more as separating a function into a set of components. All components exist for all times $t$. This isn't very different from how principal component analysis works, which is used for "seasonal adjustments" in economic data among other things, or how a Fourier transform works, which is a sum of sinusoids of different frequencies, amplitudes and time offsets. $\endgroup$ – Omegaman Jan 8 '16 at 1:55
 - $\begingroup$ Yeah I understand. By chronological I more so meant the method you recommended to see how the final signal is constructed. I understand that it is important to choose functions which will not negate the signal that has been constructed but only tweak it beyond a certain point. $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 8 '16 at 2:16
Your Answer


What is phantom traffic and why is it ruining your life?
Obtener código incrustado.
24 idiomas
Altavoz: Benjamin Seibold
You're cruising down the highway when all of a sudden endless rows of brake lights appear ahead. There's no accident, no stoplight, no change in speed limit, or narrowing of the road. So why is there so much traffic? It's due to a phenomenon called a phantom traffic jam. Benjamin Seibold explains why it happens and how we might prevent it in the future. [Directed by Cris Wiegandt, narrated by Addison Anderson, music by André Aires, AIM Creative Studios].


text:
We propose a new metamaterial with a gradient negative index of refraction, which can focus a collimated beam of light coming from a distant object. A slab of the negative refractive index metamaterial has a focal length that can be tuned by changing the gradient of the negative refractive index. A thin metal film pierced with holes of appropriate size or spacing between them can be used as a metamaterial with the gradient negative index of refraction. We use finite-difference time-domain calculations to show the focusing of a plane electromagnetic wave passing through a system of equidistantly spaced holes in a metal slab with decreasing diameters toward the edges of the slab.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: January 19, 2007
Revised Manuscript: July 2, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: July 5, 2007
Published: September 6, 2007
Photonic Metamaterials (2007) JOSA A
Anatoliy O. Pinchuk and George C. Schatz, "Metamaterials with gradient negative index of refraction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, A39-A44 (2007)


text:
Products made from sea-grass mat production waste
This collection was developed for Viet Trang, a sea-grass SME in Vietnam. The project was carried out under the umbrella of two institutions - SPIN and UNIDO.
The project looked at using the waste generated by mainstream sea-grass mat processing for a new products. We bundled the waste together and connected them to form a surface. The resulting surface had the benefits of the sea-grass texture and in addition a springiness that the original mat lacked.
Another strategy applied was to use the traditional technique of stencilling on sea grass mats to create contemporary motifs that would align the mats with alternate lifestyle markets. Yoga mats were developed using bold, black stencils of asanas, using resized loom woven sea-grass mats


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Alternative forms
From French québécois.
Related terms
- "Quebecois" Merriam Webster Online Dictionary (1989) (as accessed on 6 February 2007).
- "Québecois" Oxford English Dictionary (1989) (as accessed on 6 February 2007).
See also
- Of or relating to Quebec, its people, or its variety of French.


Since fire is a staple of civilization and intelligent life, I though that my microscopic people ( 200 μm - 220 μm ) ought to have it too, but upon researching, I realized that fire can not exist at such small sizes
So my question is : what could these microscopic people use / harness in place of fire?
As a checklist of sorts, the replacement must -
 - Produce heat ( of course )
 - Be sustainable
 - Not be Extremely difficult to produce or obtain
 - Be Transportable
All help is greatly appreciated Thanks
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ The issue is how to prevent it from being put out otherwise happy arsoning😁 $\endgroup$ – user6760 Mar 5 '16 at 6:55
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Heads up, you may find that a lot of things we take as day to day life cannot work at such small scale. For example, sight. If you really want a scientifically consistent microscopic people, then you'd need to look at real world microscopic organisms and go from there. $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 5 '16 at 13:01
 - $\begingroup$ Stephen Baxter wrote some books, in the Xeelee sequence, about microscopic humans that live in a variety of ambients. Maybe the books can offer some inspiration $\endgroup$ – Gianluca Mar 5 '16 at 13:59
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ while it is true that many micro animals don't have eyesight, others do, like euglenoids and some mites $\endgroup$ – user15036 Mar 5 '16 at 14:07
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ make sure you understand what sight means at those scales :) $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 6 '16 at 3:10
There are 2 main properties of fire: warmth, light.
At a microscopic scale, you can get the warmth directly by respiration. By respiration, I mean processing food (glucose) with oxygen to produce energy. In fact all living organisms have a fire burning in them. Only very very slowly. In fact SE has a very quick check on that too: _URL_ which states that an average adult male dissipates about 120 watts per hour. Which is nearly equivalent to burning 4 kgs of coal per hour.
So then. In order to get warmth at microscopic scale equivalent to fire, you oxidise high-energy chemicals into oxides and derive energy from them. If you want an even higher energy compound than glucose, try respiring with ethyne (acetylene) and oxygen instead of glucose and oxygen. Trust me, you (as a microscopic organism) would NOT regret this!
For light, you are going to use bioluminescence as a living organism. Vertebrates (fish) do that. Marine invertebrates do that. Even bacteria and fungi do that! Why can't you, an intelligent microscopic life form, can do likewise? And if your bodies are unfit for that, you can always domesticate some bioluminescent bacteria or grow a few molds of that fungus. Then harvest it and carefully seal the shiny part (probably some compound of phosphorus) in a non reactant microscopic bag (probably some membrane or something) and carry it wherever you want.
| improve this answer | |
Great question, but I am not convinced that microscopic people would need fire. Cooking with fire played a role in human evolution by allowing us to spend far less time chewing and digesting. This more efficient transformation of incoming food into energy to grow and run our bodies increased the evolutionary payoff for "spending" energy on brain growth. It also simply freed up time to do other evolutionarily successful things. However microscopic intelligent beings would presumably take in food in a completely different way (absorption?), with a completely different evolution.
The other main roles for fire, warmth and repelling predators, could still apply, but at the scale these people live at their world must be so granular, so much subject to violent buffeting, and generally so utterly different from ours, that there is no reason to suppose any close analogue of fire would be necessary to them. In particular, there is no reason why defence and warmth should be provided the same way.
The third significant role of fire for early humans - to clear and fertilize land in "slash and burn" agriculture - is also unlikely to have a parallel at that scale.
| improve this answer | |
Your Answer


text:
Available to teachers only as part of theTeaching Life of PiTeacher Pass
Teaching Life of PiTeacher Pass includes:
- Assignments & Activities
- Reading Quizzes
- Current Events & Pop Culture articles
- Discussion & Essay Questions
- Challenges & Opportunities
- Related Readings in Literature & History
Sample of Reading Quizzes
Questions1. What were the narrator's two majors in college?
2. On what animal was his thesis written?
3. From which department did he win awards?
4. Who has stayed with the narrator?
5. Where was the hospital?
Answers1. Religious studies and zoology
2. The three-toed sloth
3. The department of zoology
4. Richard Parker
CORRESPONDING LEARNING GUIDE


text:
Given the significant size and complexity of the organisation, responsibility for areas of speciality are distributed across the team. The areas of speciality are identified through a combination of portfolio(s) and strategic foci.
A portfolio is an area of interest relevant to a common industry speciality or domain. At CSU, these portfolios include areas such as Application Architecture and Information Architecture. Identifying an individual team member for each of these areas allows a deep understanding of these domains and provides continuity in service provision over time. Responsibilities for portfolios are typically ongoing and seldom change.
Strategic Foci are specific areas of interest that require dedicated attention but are not specific to a single portfolio area or domain. For example: the Identity Management strategic foci requires consideration of infrastructure, information, security and more.
Additionally, strategic foci can sometimes have shorter periods of relevance and as such allocations of foci to individual Architects can change over time. For example: the transition from four to three faculties is a significant change requiring dedicated attention for a period of time, however, once complete, the foci will withdraw from primacy.
The Senior Enterprise Architect (Digital) is responsible for coordinating Enterprise Architecture activities across the team.
|Applications||Strategy and Planning|
|Information||Learning and Teaching|
|Infrastructure||Three Faculty Transition|
|Business Intelligence and Analytics|
|Initiatives and Projects|
|Identity and Access Management|


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What to Expect in an IRS Audit of Your Dispensary (or other cash business)
Marijuana dispensaries are five times more likely to face an IRS cash business audit. In 1970, lawmakers approved Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code as a punitive measure in the "war on drugs" which was just starting at the time. Until December 2014, cannabis businesses often classified their marijuana as Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) to evade its extreme provisions. But then, the IRS drastically redefined COGS as it pertains to cannabis enterprises.
Under existing law, the business can add the cost of employee time to prep the product onto the actual cost. That loophole is no longer available, as far as the auditors are concerned. There has been some movement to repeal 280E. But given the vast amount of money that the government collects from these businesses, that's probably not likely.
How Does the IRS Target Cash Businesses for Audit?
Cannabis businesses operate in a legal grey area, and that's often strike one. However, the IRS obviously needs more than the type of business to increase cash business audit scrutiny. So, if there is further evidence that a cash-intensive business may have inaccurate records, that's usually strike two. Such preliminary evidence includes:
- Perennial losses or low profit margins that are not consistent with a successful business or that the owner does not seem to correct,
- Bank balances that increase, or debt balances that decrease, as profits remain flat,
- A lifestyle that the reported business profits cannot sustain, or
- Persistently low sales.
In this game, two strikes and you're out.
Cash Business Audit Methods
Once auditors target cash-based businesses, they first try to use the least invasive means. Typically, an auditor confronts a business-owner with the aforementioned audit badges and gives the owner the opportunity to present a defense. If the auditor doesn't like the answers, more invasive means are available. The IRS also considers these methods to be very accurate, so they're used quite often.
- Tax Return Data: The IRS usually compares previous years to the current year, the supporting schedules to the primary return form, and the returns of other similar businesses to the audited enterprise.
- Reliability of Taxpayer's Information: Unexplained gaps often indicate that the records may be incomplete. Moreover, the IRS has very high standards in terms of records retention. If the taxpayer falls even a little bit short in this area, the Service usually assumes the worst.
- The Minimum Income Probe: As far as the IRS is concerned, these probes are almost absolutely conclusive, so this tool is probably the most common indirect cash business audit and income reconstruction platform. We'll examine it in detail in a future post.
- LUQ Expenses or Deductions: The IRS also has a method for categorizing amounts that are large, unusual, or questionable. The method is fairly objective, but as the Service likes to point out, tax audits are a combination of art and science.
During this process, examiners commonly ask for cash register tapes or other such records, receipts and invoices, bank deposit records, and reconciliation worksheets. Auditors do not expect the owner to have the same recordkeeping system as everyone else, but they do expect a system to be present.
It's very important for marijuana dispensariesto know about IRS cash business audit procedures and methods, because it's usually only a matter of time before the examiners knock on their doors.


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50th Anniversary of African-American Achievement: Request for Information
UT Knoxville is celebrating 50 years of African-American achievement in 2011. The planning committee is soliciting items or information from faculty and staff related to African-American achievement in your department or unit. For example:
- African-Americans who were the "firsts" in their positions;
- African-Americans who made a notable contribution or should be recognized for an achievement (e.g., internal awards, external recognition); or
- programs, events or initiatives that made a significant difference on the campus or made notable connections between the campus, local community and beyond. This category is not exclusive to African-Americans.
Information should be submitted not only for African-American achievement, but for or about a person of any racial/ethnic background who made an important contribution to the advancement of diversity and inclusivity on our campus.
The committee hopes to produce a commemorative publication highlighting this information. Please send information or questions to Carolyn Hodges at _EMAIL_. The submission deadline is April 1.


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Multi-effect for gentle tweaking through to full-on mangling!
ShapeShifter is a multi-effect VST plug-in which gives you a number of tools for changing your sounds, ranging from subtle effects through to extreme mangling of your audio. The following effects modules are included:
1. Waveshaper linked to a step sequencer, allowing you to create changes in tone that normal waveshapers can't achieve
2. Resonant Filter including an LFO and step sequencer to control the cut-off frequency
3. Stereo Delay including step sequencers to vary the delay settings over time
4. Gate to create rhythmic changes in volume
5. Chorus & Reverb to fill out sounds and add some polish
6. Compressor for controlling the dynamics of the audio.
ShapeShifter uniquely ties a waveshaper to a step sequencer, allowing you to blend between waveshaper settings in time with your track, creating interesting changes in tone.
Additionally, the signal path is configurable so that the effects can be ordered any way you like for maximum flexibility.
Price: £35 / €52 / $60
* Fixes a compatibility problem with certain hosts, namely Sonar and Orion.


Introduction to Numerology
Numerology corresponds to one subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain. NR supports a flexible numerology with a range of subcarrier spacings, based on scaling a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. By scaling a reference subcarrier spacing by an integer N, different numerologies can be defined.
Need for Multiple Numerologies
 1. In order to support the wide range of deployment scenarios, from large cells with sub-1 GHz carrier frequency up to mm-wave deployments with very wide spectrum allocations, NR supports a flexible OFDM numerology with subcarrier spacings ranging from 15 kHz up to 240 kHz with a proportional change in cyclic prefix duration.
 2. Also, having a single numerology for all scenarios is not efficient and probably not possible at all.
These were the primary motives to have multiple numerologies
For the lower range of carrier frequencies, from below 1 GHz up to a few GHz, the cell sizes can be relatively large and a cyclic prefix capable of handling the delay spread expected in these type of deployments, a couple of microseconds, is necessary. Consequently, a subcarrier spacing in the LTE range or somewhat higher, in the range of 15-30 kHz, was needed.
For higher carrier frequencies approaching the mm-wave range, implementation limitations such as phase noise become more critical, calling for higher subcarrier spacings. At the same time, the expected cell sizes are smaller at higher frequencies because of the more challenging propagation conditions. The extensive use of beamforming at high frequencies also helps reduce the expected delay spread. Hence, for these types of deployments a higher subcarrier spacing, and a shorter cyclic prefix are suitable.
Different Numerologies
The numerology is based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing Δf = 2µ × 15 kHz with µ = {0,1,3,4} for PSS, SSS and PBCH and µ = {0,1,2,3} for other channels. Normal CP is supported for all sub-carrier spacings, Extended CP is supported for µ=2 (60kHz). 12 consecutive sub-carriers form a Physical Resource Block (PRB). Up to 275 PRBs are supported on a carrier.
With the increase in numerology, the number of slots increase within the subframe, leading to increase in the number of symbols sent in a given time. So effectively, an OFDM symbol is shortened by half in the next higher numerology. Scaling by powers of two is beneficial as it maintains the symbol boundaries across numerologies, which simplifies mixing different numerologies on the same carrier.
Supported Transmission Numerologies
Supported Transmission Numerologies
Reference: 3GPP TS 38.300 version 15.9.0 Release 15 (
15 kHz subcarrier spacing was selected as the baseline for NR. From the baseline subcarrier spacing, subcarrier spacings ranging from 15 kHz up to 240 kHz with a proportional change in cyclic prefix duration as shown in Table below are derived. Note that 240 kHz is supported for the SS block only and not for regular data transmission.
Subcarrier spacings supported by NR
Subcarrier spacings supported by NR
NR time domain structure consist of 10ms radio frame divided into 10 subframes each of 1ms. A subframe is in turn divided into slots consisting of 14 OFDM symbols each, which means that the duration of the slot in milliseconds is dependent on the numerology. For the 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, an NR slot has a structure that is identical to the structure of an LTE subframe, which is deliberately kept like this considering coexistence of LTE with NR.
Below figure shows the frame, subframe and slot structure for different numerologies:
Frame, Subframe and Slot Structure for different numerologies
Frame, Subframe and Slot Structure for different numerologies
As shown above, the capacity is same between all carrier spacings if the bits/Hz is used as a unit. The carrier spacing is increased but the number of symbols per time unit increases with the higher numerology. Above figure just tries to show this for 15 and 30 kHz subcarrier spacing. The number of subcarriers is reduced by half but the number of slots per symbol per time unit is doubled.
Advantages of Numerology:
 - One of the services in 5G is URLLC, ultra reliable low latency communication and the objective is to have a latency of less than 1ms, which means that scheduling interval must be reduced below 1ms for these types of services. Fortunately, with the support of different numerologies, it is rather simple to reduce the time as the slot time is decreased with higher numerology. This functionality is used to support flexible TTI (Transmission Time Interval), which gives scheduler in base station, a chance to decide how often it will be taking scheduling decision. Figure below, shows how TTI can be scaled with numerology, but as the URLLC service is scheduled for release 16, the numbers should be seen as examples of possible TTI values.
Flexible TTI
Flexible TTI
 - In 5G NR, UE can be configured to only monitor a part of total transmission bandwidth called Bandwidth Part (BWP). There were 2 major reasons behind using BWP instead of whole bandwidth:
 - The wide transmission bandwidth used in some cases might cause the UE to consume too much power from battery.
 - There may also be some UE categories that cannot receive the full bandwidth due to reduced complexity (machine type communication) in order to reduce the cost of the device.
But in 5G NR, the UE can be configured with up to 4 BWPs where only one can be active at a time in the 1st release. Different BWPs can be of different numerologies, which can be used to reduce the latency for certain services. If a device is capable of simultaneous reception of multiple bandwidths parts, it is in principle possible to, on a single carrier, mix transmissions of different numerologies for a single device, although release 15 only supports a single active bandwidth part at a time.
In the downlink, a device is not assumed to be able to receive downlink data transmissions, more specifically the PDCCH or PDSCH, outside the active bandwidth part. The numerology of the PDCCH and PDSCH are restricted to the numerology configured for the bandwidth part. So, in release 15, a device can only receive one numerology at a time as multiple bandwidth parts cannot be simultaneously active. A device is not expected to monitor downlink control channels while doing measurements outside the active bandwidth part. In the uplink, a device transmits PUSCH and PUCCH in the active uplink bandwidth part only.
 - Since a slot is defined as a fixed number of OFDM symbols, a higher subcarrier spacing (At higher carrier frequency) leads to a shorter slot duration which could be used to support lower-latency transmission, but since the cyclic prefix also shrinks when increasing the subcarrier spacing, it is not a feasible approach in all deployments. Therefore, NR supports a more efficient approach to low latency by allowing for transmission over a fraction of a slot, sometimes referred to as "mini-slot" transmission. Such transmissions can also preempt an already ongoing slot-based transmission to another device, allowing for immediate transmission of data requiring very low latency.
 - NR will also have the capability to operate with mixed numerology on the same RF carrier and will have an even higher flexibility than LTE in terms of frequency domain scheduling and multiplexing of devices within a base station RF carrier.
Disadvantage of Numerology:
 - The flexibility provided by multi-numerology system comes at the cost of additional interference, known as inter-numerology interference (INI). Apart from causing the loss of orthogonality among subcarriers of different numerologies in frequency domain, mixed numerologies also cause difficulty in achieving symbol alignment in time domain. With the same sampling rate, an OFDM symbol of one numerology does not perfectly align with the symbol of another numerology, which makes synchronization within the frame difficult. Researches are ongoing to minimize the effect of INI.


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Rendering PDF Documents with Mupdf and P/Invoke in C#
, 9 Oct 2014 CPL
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Converting PDF into bitmaps without installing extra components.
I've been looking for a PDF rendering engine on.NET Framework for quite a few years. However, there is NO free, native.NET based one available on this planet yet. At the end, I was attracted by a GNU licensed, fast and slim PDF rendering engine--Mupdf, and wrote my own C# wrapper for it.
This article will introduce the first steps on writing such a P/Invoke based C# wrapper for the Mupdf engine and render PDF pages into picture files.
Background and relative projects
During the search for PDF render engines, I found two projects providing C# interfaces nicely. The libraries provided by these two projects can be used to render PDF pages using C#.
The first project was initially posted here on, titled View PDF files in C# using the Xpdf and muPDF and finally settled down on GoogleCode, named pdfviewer-win32. It used C++/CLI to bridge C# and the Mupdf. The positive side of the C++/CLI approach is that it allows developers to access every most internal parts of the Mupdf library. The down side is that developers have to write many C++/CLI wrapper classes. Writing and debugging such kind of classes isn't a piece of cake, and many C# developers even don't know about C++.
The second project was hosted on GoogleCode, named mupdf-converter. It has 2 layers: the first one introduces some C++ classes to encapsulate the library; the second one provides some C functions as static methods exposed by those classes. Finally, those C functions are exported in a DLL for P/Invoke. In short, the flow of the wrapper is MuPDF -> C++ Wrapper -> C (exported as DLL functions) ->.NET P/Invoke.
Since there're existing projects such as pdfviewer-win32 or mupdf-converter, why not just use them? It was fine unless you want to keep up with the most recent development or use all functionalities provided by the Mupdf library, when you have to eventually dig into the Mupdf yourself. The pdfviewer-win32 project provides a lot of functionalities, but it had not been updated for more than one year when I wrote this article. The mupdf-converter library provides merely very few functionalities--You could not do other things with it except rendering PDF pages--and it works only on.NET 4.0 or above.
I studied the source code of mupdf-converter and found that it was quite simple and its two-layer-wrapper implementation was quite bloated. Actually it is unnecessary to use a C++ class to wrap functions from Mupdf. As Mupdf is written in C, it is possible to make a DLL out of it and call its export functions via P/Invoke directly. That is, the calling path can be shorten to MuPDF ->.NET P/Invoke. Inspired by this library, I began to make my own and hence wrote this article.
Warning: The following part of the article assumes that you know how to write P/Invoke functions in C#. If you don't know a bit about it, you can learn it from MSDN. If you don't want to take that trouble. Please use the existing library provided by pdfviewer-win32 or mupdf-converter.
The 'cooking' procedures
The procedure of making our P/Invoke-only MupdfSharp library includes the following steps.
 1. Obtaining the Mupdf DLL library.
 2. Learning the essential concepts and export functions in Mupdf.
 3. Writing the P/Invoke functions.
Obtaining the Mupdf DLL
If you have once downloaded and compiled the source code of Mupdf, you would probably find that the compiled output are several EXE files. There is no DLL library at all. So if you are not familiar with MAKE files, it can take you quite some hours to learn and modify the MAKE file in order to get the DLL library.
Fortunately there are always nice guys in this world. The developers of SumatraPDF, a slim PDF viewer program utilizing the power of Mupdf, are our savers. They have released their code files on Github and the compile result of their project does lay down a DLL library for you to reuse. So the steps can be quite simple.
 1. Go to the project host of SumatraPDF:
 2. Download the source code package (or use an SVN tool to synchronize with their latest work).
 3. Open Visual C++ (you can use the free Express version here) and load the project.
 4. Select "Release" as the build configuration and compile the project.
 5. Find out the "libmupdf.dll" file out of the release folder.
 6. You have the Mupdf DLL now.
The developers of SumatraPDF are very diligent programmers. They keep quit a closed track with the latest development of Mupdf and update their code frequently. Therefore, you can quite well trust them and use their library instead of trying to compile your own Mupdf DLL out of the official code.
Learning the essential concepts and functions
Once you have the libmupdf.dll in your hands. It is time for you to study the functions provided by the Mupdf library.
The library is written in C. In the C programming world, the most common functions are placed in header files, which have file extension names ".h".
In the SumatraPDF project, the source code of the MuPDF library are placed in the mupdf\include\mupdf folder.
From the documentation section of the MuPDF official website, three header files are listed--"fitz.h", "pdf.h" and "xps.h". We need to get started with the first two of them. Then we will follow them and find out the needed functions and structures.
The following lines are part of the "fitz.h" file. When we are exploring the functionalities of the MuPDF library, we will follow the _TAG_ instruction and examine the corresponding files one by one.
_TAG_ MUDPF_FITZ_H
_TAG_ MUDPF_FITZ_H
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/version.h"
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/system.h"
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/context.h"
// the rest of the file is omitted here
When we open the files listed in the fitz.h file or pdf.h file, for instance, context.h, we will see some definitions for functions and structures. The definitions of functions and structures will be essential for writing P/Invoke funtions later.
To learn about the working mechanism of MuPDF, we can start with the example file "source/tools/mudraw.c" listed in the MuPDF documentation web site. By studying the code, we will learn how MuPDF works.
Structures that hold the document content
Five key structures in fitz.h are used in the code, listed as below.
 1. fz_context structure: Used to hold information when working with PDF files (or other supported document formats). You have to prepare the context before working.
 2. fz_document structure: Used to hold the opened PDF document.
 3. fz_page structure: Used to work with PDF pages. Once you opened a document, you can load its pages and work with them.
 4. fz_pixmap structure: Represents the rendered visual results of a page. If you want to render the PDF document, you have to setup a pixmap and draw on it.
 5. fz_device structure: Represents the device on which the render result is drawn. Usually we create the device from the pixmap.
You don't have to care about the internal implementation of those structures. It means that when we write the P/Invoke code, we don't have to setup corresponding structs in our C# code. Using IntPtrs to hold references to them will do. Knowing this can considerably simplify our works in the P/Invoke part later.
Functions that operate with the structures
With the knowledge of the above key structures, we find out the following useful functions in the example file.
 1. fz_new_context_imp: Creates the fz_context.
 2. fz_free_context: Frees the resources used by the fz_context
 3. fz_open_document_with_stream: Creates a fz_document instance out of a given fz_stream.
 4. fz_open_file_w: Opens a fz_stream with a Unicode encoded file name. Notice: If you don't work with documents which have non ASCII characters in their file names, you can just use the fz_open_document function to open documents, instead of using the combination of fz_open_file_w and fz_open_document_with_stream
 5. fz_close_document: Closes the fz_document.
 6. fz_close: Closes the fz_stream.
 7. fz_count_pages: Gets the page numbers in a document.
 8. fz_load_page: Creates a fz_page instance for a given page number.
 9. fz_free_page: Frees the resources used by the fz_page.
 10. fz_bound_page: Gets the dimension of a page.
 11. fz_new_pixmap: Creates a fz_pixmap instance to


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Floods of 1996 and 1997
Floods in Yosemite Valley aren't uncommon during spring runoff, when the Merced River swells with melted snow and overflows into meadows. The largest, least common floods occur during winter--most recently in January 1997. See what Yosemite Valley looked like during the floods of May 1996 and January 1997. (6 minutes)
You can also download a Quicktime version of this movie: [24 MB].
Did You Know?
Natural fires in Yosemite are often no more than a single burning snag (standing dead tree) or a slow moving, low intensity fire that cleans underbrush from the forest floor. These fires prevent unwanted fires by removing accumulating forest debris that can fuel a larger fire in hot, dry conditions.


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Grouping is a common problem in XSLT stylesheets: how do you take a list of elements and arrange them into groups. There are two main situations in which you need to do this:
The most efficient method for grouping large numbers of elements according to their content, be it the value of an attribute, of a subelement, or its textual content, is the Muenchian Method (after Steve Muench, who discovered/developed it).
Here are some posts that give more examples of grouping by content:
Here are a couple of posts that illustrate grouping by position:


Here is a spreadsheet with the raw data from the 2010 league tables. Please see the copyright notice included in the file for permissions: use this data at your own risk, and if you publish anything based on it, we ask you to attribute the source. The data is in a single table, allowing you to do your own summaries. Each row in the table has the following:
 - The composer name
 - The composer's date of birth
 - The start of the decade of the composer's year of birth
 - The period as classified in the Bachtrack database
 - The country in which the concert took place (so you can do Germany-only if you want)
 - The "detail id", which is simply a unique identifier for each row
 - The "event id", which is a unique identifier for the concert
If you're feeling particularly strong, the combination of detail and event ids will allow you to analyse how different works are clustered together in the same concert. For example, you could answer questions of the form "which is the work most commonly paired with Beethoven's Symphony no. 7" or "how many concerts contain one modern work in a programme otherwise composed entirely of romantic music".
Happy data hacking...