text:
The current-in-plane tunneling technique (CIPT) has been a crucial tool in the development of magnetic tunnel junction stacks suitable for magnetic random access memories (MRAM) for more than a decade. The MRAM development has now reached the maturity to make the transition from the R&D phase to the pilot production phase. This will require an improvement in the repeatability of the CIPT metrology technique. Here, we present an analytical model that can be used to simulate numerically the repeatability of a CIPT measurement for an arbitrary MTJ stack prior to any CIPT measurement. The model describes mathematically the main sources of error arising when a micro multi-electrode probe is used to perform a CIPT measurement. The numerically simulated repeatability values obtained on four different MTJ stacks are verified by experimental data and the model is used to optimize the choice of electrodes on a multi-electrode probe to reach up to 36% improvement on the repeatability for the resistance area product and the tunneling magnetoresistance measurement, without any hardware modification.
- Magnetic tunneling junction
- Electrode position error


text:
New underground lake is found in Wonder Cave of the Ozarks
Springfield Leader January 27, 1921 page 1 and 10.
"...pool of undetermined size discovered by explorer in Marvel Cave, Stone County
By Harold Nelson
"The natural wonders of Marvel Cave, located in Stone County, 50 miles south of Springfield, have gained further interest through the discovery of another underground lake of considerable extent. The lake connects with Lake Genevieve [note: see page 157 in Caves of Missouri for map], formerly considered the end of the waterway in the great cave.
"The lake was discovered last week by Pete Alexander, owner of a drug store at Branson. A partial exploration of the lake has been made and Alexander is building a special collapsible boat to continue the exploration. A small passageway near the entrance of the cave makes it impossible to take a larger boat into the cave. R. H. Condie, Springfield Boy Scout executive, Dr. G.D. Callaway, director of the Greene county health association, T. Stanley Skinner, dean of the Drury College School of Music, E.S. Shipp and a representative of the The Leader visited the cave yesterday to explore the new found lake, but due to the lack of equipment were unable to get to the shores of the lake.
Joins Lake Genevieve
"The lake is beyond Lake Genevieve, which connects with No Name river, a stream which was discovered many years ago. Seven years ago a group of men from Chicago and a St. Louis newspaperman carried two air tanks through the passages of the cave leading to No Name river and improvised a float on which one of the party floated down the river several hundred feet. He discovered Lake Genevieve, a lake a few hundred feet in width and in length.
"That Lake Genevieve was the end of No Name river was the belief of the men who explored the cave. Last week Alexander on the same float went 750 feet down the river, across Lake Genevieve and in the new lake. [Two or three lines missing.] …entrance to the river or there is danger of becoming lost in the underground waterway.
pSize not determined
"Alexander said after his trip to the lake that he was unable to determine the size of the lake or the height of the ceiling over it. He was equipped with only a small carbide light.
"The Springfield men who visited the cave yesterday in an effort to view the new found lake were unable to reach its shores, although one of the number went down the river for some distance.
"Exploration work difficult.
"It is with great difficulty that the river is reached from the outside. The distance is slightly more than 1,000 feet from the chamber at the entrance of the cave. The first passage encountered on the trip to the river is known as the Rock Crawl. The passage is just large enough for a man to crawl through. The floor of the passage is rough and irregular and is made up of large rocks. It is [300?] feet in length. Water is encountered on the floor of the crawl.
"At the end of Rock Crawl are two chambers probably a hundred feet in height and as much in length, while they vary in width from 25 to 50 feet. These chambers are known as the Epsom Salts chambers on account of the outcroppings of the salts on the walls.
"At the end of the chambers another crawl, the Dry [Dust?] crawl 200 feet in length is encountered. Unlike the first crawl this one is filled with a dry dust and bats, hundreds of them. This crawl ends in a chamber called Pandemonium on account of the irregular shapes of the rocks in it. It is 60 feet high.
"Descend rope to river.
"At one end of this chamber is found a ledge at the foot of which is the river. It is necessary to be lowered over this ledge to the river's edge, 40 feet below. Only a slender person could visit the river as the crevasse in the ledge in which the visitor must be lowered is only a foot wide in places and extremely hard to squeeze through.
For travel on the river a float has been constructed. It is made of two air tanks held together with ropes and boards. The passenger lies down on the float and with a light fastened to his hat, paddles his way with his hands. A sudden turn to the side with the body would mean falling off the float and a bath in the cold water of the river.
"Cave is wonder place.
"Marvel cave, probably the most wonderful cave in the world, was purchased 31 years ago by W. H. Lynch at that time connected with the diplomatic corps of the Canadian government. He visited the place every year until seven years ago, when he and his daughter, Miss Mariam, went there to live. They reside in a quaint old log cabin a quarter of a mile from the entrance to the cave. He owns not only the cave but 800 acres of timber land around it. Although now nearly 80 years of age Mr. Lynch seldom misses a daily visit to the cave.
"Entrance to the cave is gained by descending stairs 150 feet in length. Here the visitor alights on a pile of debris, millions of tons, which has fallen onto the floor of the great chamber. This chamber is between 165 to 185 feet in height [missing lines] The chamber, without removing the debris, could easily accommodated the ten-story Landers building and still there would be room left.
"Monster stalagmite in cave.
"In the chamber, among other features, is a stalagmite, 100 feet in diameter. It is called Liberty bell on account of its bell shape. The size of this stalagmite raises some question as to the largest one in the country. Recently newspaper articles stated that a stalagmite 30 feet in diameter in a cave at Ha Ha Tonka was the largest one in the country. There are two rooms within the Liberty bell in which the stalagmite at Ha Ha Tonka would rest with room to spare.
"Residents of Branson are now making efforts to interest members of the legislature in the cave and surrounding country as a state park. They point out that no official visit has ever been made in the cave by a state official although at several times they have been within a few miles of it."
In a letter from Kevin S. Lotter, Senior Manager, Attractions & Guest Services at Silver Dollar City, "The article makes reference to the area of the cave we now call the Lakes Passage. Originally called No-Name River, the body of water explored in this area of the cave consists of two connected underground lakes. The smaller Lake Genevieve is connected to the larger Lake Miriam."
Find this article at

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
CLOSE READING INFERENCE MYSTERY: WHO TOOK THE FLOWERS FROM THE SCHOOL GARDEN?
This missing flowers close reading inference mystery is a fun way to engage your students and challenge them to look for text evidence, infer information, and read more closely. The resource includes everything you need to facilitate the activity in your classroom.
The newly established gardening program at Riverside High School is a hit among students. Mrs. Ross, who runs the program, visits the garden at the end of the day and realizes, much to her disappointment, that her beloved pink lilies are missing. Your students need to find out who picked the flowers from the soil.
Included in your purchase:
- A teacher presentation that guides the mystery with the backstory, evidence, the culprit reveal, and detailed explanations for why each suspect is innocent and why the culprit is guilty.
- A classroom poster that reads "Who picked the flowers?" that you can put up on the door to hook students into the activity.
- An original narrative backstory that sets up and initiates the mystery.
- A variety of clues that require students to close read and use their inference skills. There is an email, a photosynthesis lab assignment, a high school funding request, a school band poster, a student absence note, a student detention notice, a lawn care work order, and a text message.
- A graphic organizer where students can keep track of their findings that support or refute different suspects in the mystery.
- A detailed teacher answer key in print format and within the presentation slideshow.
How it works:
- Start by putting up the poster on your door to build anticipation when students enter the room. When students enter, put them in small groups, so they can work together to try to solve the mystery.
- Use the presentation slides to guide you through each element of the lesson. The slides will help you introduce the story and evidence to each of the groups.
- Hand out all the evidence to students and allow them time to make their predictions and inferences and solve the mystery.
- Once each group has made their final prediction, use the presentation slides to reveal the culprit and go through each of the suspects to show the evidence of their innocence or guilt.
© Presto Plans

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Must A Security Be Written?
In yesterday's post, I covered some of the differences between the laundry lists of securities found in the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968 and the Securities Act of 1933. Both lists seem to contemplate instruments that are written. But what does it mean to be "written"? Before the advent of computers, email and electronics, the meaning of "written" may have been obvious. A writing was something tangible, words inked on paper or parchment, chiseled in stone or impressed into clay or wax tablets. Ball point pens being a modern invention, the word for cutting or scratching came to be the word for writing in most Indo-European languages, including English. Are electronic messages written?
Section 8 of the California Corporations Code would say "yes" so long as those messages are capable of comprehension by "ordinary visual means". Emails and text messages should generally be considered "written" under this definition. A voice-mail message, on the other hand, normally would not.
Whether an instrument is in writing is of no moment under California's definition of a "security" because California's list ends with the following sentence:
All of the foregoing are securities whether or not evidenced by a written document.
Cal. Corp. Code § 25019.


Monstrous Humanoids vs Beastmen, more Chaotic Chaos
The toadmen were created by the ogres as servants.
The lizardmen were rewarded by their swamp-gods.
Dwarves and Elves I haven't decided yet, and welcome suggestions.
Let's have a dwarfy post.
Most tropes that apply to klingons or vikings apply to dwarves.
What's the deal with lizardmen?
What if they don't like the cold?
Here's a rough draft!
Oh, duh. Just have the Czar pass favors to his favorite and require duties of the rulers of the other zones. That's the most straightforward option for sure.
Alright, so, let's use the book to learn about our empire! So, everyone gets 4-6 vassals. I already know I want five kings, but beyond that, I'm just going to use a dieroller to randomly figure out some totals.
1 Emperor
5 kings
26 princes
130 dukes
650 counts
1950 marquis
7869 barons.
Now, I think that the bears and mongols are relatively desolate kingdoms, not to mention that they have substantial nonhuman populations that are harder to sustain, so they will have the lowest population density the book suggests, at 40 people a square mile. The swamp is probably a bit more lively, so I'll give it 50 people/square mile. The southern human kingdom is excellent growing country, with 80 people/square mile. Lastly, the northern kingdom SHOULD be a desolate wasteland, but it's importing lots of food, so we'll give it 80 as well. That's 4,000, 5,000, and 8,000 families per hex.
I *had* written down the exact hexes of each of my kingdoms, but I failed to retain that document, so I'll wing it.
The bear kingdom is about 80 hexes. 320,000 families.
The Northern Human kingdom is about 250. 2,000,000 families
The Centuar Kingdom is about 400. 1,600,000 families
The Southern Human Kingdoms is about 600. 4,800,000 families
The lizard kingdoms is about 240. 1,200,000 families
Total empire size: 1,540 hexes, 9,360,000 families total.
This gives us, first and foremost, an idea of how big our settlements will be based on realm pop. So here's how our realm breakdown works:
Emperor has over 4 million families, owns a max size metropolis.
NHK and SHK own over 2 million each, so they get smaller metropoli too.
CK, LK, and BK all get Large Cities, class II markets.
Princes will then control some fraction of that, but I haven't drawn lines yet or figured out how many princes are assigned to each kingdom. Everyone except the bears can support class 2 markets even at the principality scale though, so every prince except for four controls a large city.
So that's 1 emperor's metropolis, 2 king's metropolises, 3 king's large cities, 22 prince's large cities, and 4 bear prince small cities.
That's probably all the cities worth putting on the large-scale map for the empire. We don't have to roll demand modifiers for all of them, because the trade routes are short enough that unless they're directly adajcent, they don't interfere with each other! Only the one closest to our players will matter.
GODS, METAPHYSICS THEREOF: The more powerful a god is, the less time it spends on the earth, and the more time it spends in the Sacred Realm. The less powerful a god is, the less time it can spend in the Sacred Realm. The line between God and Demi-God is thus drawn based on which domain the being spends more time in.
Very, very powerful beings have a very difficult time entering the material plane, and may do so only at great cost, or with great assistance from the other side. They prefer to act through champions and intermediaries.
Divinity is acquired through the relationship of an individual with communities. Worship is the act of consciously choosing to transmit divine power, but unconsciously, almost all actions resonate with energy. Adoration, fear, lustany time you think about something really hard, that's sort of like worshipping them. It's not as direct as saying "PRAISE [X] WHO I AM WORSHIPPING RIGHT NOW" but it's a start. A lot of the Early Gods were legendary beasts that the first bands of humans told stories about around the campfire, gathered together to fear and hate, and they grew bigger and meaner off of those liquorous emotions. (That's why ancient cthonic gods are kept a secretBecause, say, ten people fearing them is as good as one person worshipping them.) Others ascended to divnity off of more positive emotions and became champions of humanity.
Gods are thus tied to their relationship with their believers, and shaped by it. Most can't benefit from anything other than direct worship and a couple favorite emotions, and it's a lot of effort to learn to accept a new feeling. Even if they went through the effort, Divine Space Hitler can't suddenly turn around and be nice, because he's depending on fear and hatred from the general populace for most of his divine power. He could try for it, and maybe the rebranding would be successful, but he'd probably end up a lot weaker, or forgotten entirely. Even one nice act could ruin his reputation.
Pretty much anything can store energy. It takes a lot of people or a lot of time, usually both, to make something a god, but sometimes stored energy precipitates out as small miracles. Parents superhumanly lifting trees off of children might just be tapping into the bank of stored energy from years of loving that kid.
This does mean that maybe, maybe just once in my campaign, I'll allow the Power of Friendship to be invoked between two characters that really have been friends for a long time.
Once, there were many tribes and city-states in the land-that-would-be-Borya. A lot of them had their own little gods. The ogres killed many of them, used powerful magic to enslave others, and some simply fled, presumably dwindling to mortality without worshippers. When the revolution came, Caesar again defeated the conquered gods, but did not free them, instead, he seized them, and bound them anew to his cause.
The gods of Borya must obey the laws and serve its people, but this was not a choice. They are the Lawful gods because their chains are Law and they unbreakable. Below the slave-gods are the Saints, legendary Boryans who were canonized for their contribution. The pantheon of saints and slave-gods are worshipped collectively by Borya, and when the horse-men of the West were annexed, some of their gods voluntarily became chained.
This is a good place to tie back in to "my" dwarves. Dwarves don't have gods. Instead, they have a form of ancestor worship and belief in a time-bound afterlife. When a dwarf dies, his soul goes to the Great Workshop, where it labors to protect mortal dwarves from supernatural foes. The soul of a dwarf only lasts as long as something the dwarf created is still existent in the world. This is why their traditional leaders are Craftpriests. Those who work in stone or metal are the most highly regarded, for their works will last for centuries if nothing goes wrong. Farmers are regarded as very nearly the lowest of the low, for crops last no more than a year or so before being either eaten or replanted. Dwarves mark objects that are intended for export with secret craft-marks that virtually no non-dwarves can identify. These objects are well made, but are not intended to be the anchors of a dwarven soul. A non-dwarf, any non-dwarf, with an object that was clearly made by a dwarf but does not have the craft-mark will draw instant, unremitting hostility from any dwarf, because it means the immortality of a dwarven soul is in the hands of a non-dwarf. This is not tolerable. Wars have been started over a human noble possessing the wrong dwarven sculpture. Orcs are known to engage in spiritual warfare against dwarves by taking the arms and armor of slain dwarves, partially melting them and twisting them into useless slag, then using catapults to launch them into the courtyards of dwarven fortresses.
The Craftpriests are the most righteous of dwarves, those who are able to channel the power of their ancestors to protect and heal their people and their allies. Furies are dwarves who have sacrificed their chance for immortality to become powerful warriors, capable of slaying many mortal foes. Vaultguards are pretty much normal dwarves. Delvers are almost a sort of holy warrior, breaking the objects of other races so their ancestors will go to their final death. Machinists, though...machinists are heretics. Every good dwarf knows that dwarfishness revolves around doing work with ones own hands. Machinists, though, have become focused on efficiency, on creating things to do work for them. This offends traditional dwarves. Furies will often get along with Machinists, since both are pragmatists at heart, but Vaultguards will be split, and Craftpriests will almost never tolerate the presence of a Machinist. Some


text: OBJECTIVE: A subset of drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be at significant risk of hypoglycemia-related driving collisions and moving vehicle violations due to acute and chronic neurocognitive impairment. The present study compared drivers with T1DM with and without a recent history of multiple driving mishaps on a neurocognitive battery during euglycemia, progressive mild hypoglycemia, and recovery from hypoglycemia, to determine whether neurocognitive measures differentiate the two risk groups. We hypothesized that drivers with a history of multiple recent hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps would demonstrate greater psychomotor slowing, both during hypoglycemia and euglycemia. STUDY DESIGN: Partcipants were 42 adults with T1DM and were assigned to one of two groups: those reporting no driving mishaps in the last year (-History) and those reporting two or more (+History).Neurocognitive testing was conducted before and repeated during a hyper-insulinemic clamping procedure. RESULTS: Not surprisingly, all drivers demonstrated a decrease in functioning across all neurocognitive tasks during hypoglycemia. However, in contrast to the common belief that neurocognitive functions return slowly and gradually following hypoglycemia, baseline neurocognitive functioning immediately recovered upon return of BG to euglycemia for all subjects. Between-group analyses revealed that subjects with a recent history of driving mishaps consistently demonstrated poorer performance on tasks measuring working memory. CONCLUSION: Working memory is a potential neurocognitive indicator that may help differentiate adults with T1DM with and without a history of driving mishaps, predict future risk for driving mishaps, and provide targeted intervention programs to address this critical public health issue.


Green is CoolRecyclingAre Egg Cartons Recyclable and What To Do With Them? How to Recycle Egg Cartons?
Are Egg Cartons Recyclable and What To Do With Them? How to Recycle Egg Cartons?
Jul.07.2021 38 view review
can you recycle egg cartons
Eggs, a popular household staple that is used as a breakfast product by most families. This essential and most definitely common ingredient is usually bought in a crayon of either, 6, 12, or 24 and is an ingredient that is not only enjoyed alone but in a variety of different ways too. From scrambled eggs to egg fried rice and numerous baked desserts it is uncommon for the paper egg cartons to start making their way into bins and eventually landfills. The truth is when it comes to egg cratons, most peek are perplexed as to where they actually belong, are egg cartons recyclable or compostable or both? In this article, I am going to be explaining to you exactly where to put your egg cartons and why we choose this method as a way to save protect and conserve our beloved planet earth.
What Are Egg Cartons Made Of?
compost egg cartons
Knowing exactly what your egg cartons are made of will ultimately help you to determine whether egg cartons recyclable or not. Look just like us humans not all eggs are the same size and shape and thus all belong in different styled and sized containers, made of material that is best suited to that egg's needs. For example, if an egg is bigger, smaller, or more fragile and thus is its container built for that exact purpose. Most commonly there are three different types of materials that egg cartons are usually made of, these are :
Paper Egg Cartons
These types of egg cartons are made from molded pulp which is actually a mix of recycled papers, cardboard, and various other materials. These are the most common type of egg cartons as they are the most cost-effective for the consumer and manufacturer. This type of packaging is also relatively sustainable and environmentally friendly due to its reuse.
Styrofoam Egg Cartons
Styrofoam, unlike the paper egg cartons, is not the most environmentally friendly and is actually made from material that is most commonly used for the packaging of hardware and construction materials. This material is used because of its highly protective abilities, ensuring the eggs have less chance of breaking.
Clear Plastic Egg Cartons
Clear plastic egg cartons are exactly what their name suggests 'clear plastic'. Most commonly they are made from previously recycled mixed plastic are often found in the very residential parts of cities and towns.
Where To Recycle Egg Cartons
For some reason or other egg cartons seem to get left to the last thought, many people have absolutely no idea what to do with them or where to put them, they usually end up in a pile and eventually thrown into the bins. But when it comes to the question "can you recycle egg cartons? " the answer is yes! Not even only in the classic sense but also in various other ways in which egg cartons can actually be reused or repurposed. Where and how you recycle your egg cartons really comes down to the material they are made of.
Are Cardboard Egg Cartons Recyclable?
Not only are cardboard egg cratons recyclable but they are also the most simple and easy ones to recycle too. Because they are already made from recycled mixed papers they can go straight into the recycling bin along with cardboard and other paper-related materials. They can simply be transferred or put into the same pile as other paper and cardboard items that come out of your household.
Recycling your cardboard egg cartons is actually relatively important especially if you have no intention of reusing or repurposing them in any other way. Because they can be recycled and are made out of materials that will be reused in making other products, recycling them is marginally saving a piece f the environment or a part of a tree having to be cut down and used to make more of the exact same products we could have recycled in the first place. This however is not the only thing you can do to so call recycle your egg cartons, some other more creative recycling ideas include :
 - Crafts
 - Painted
 - Kids activities
 - Organize small items such as beads and nails
 - Donate to underprivileged schools
Can You Recycle Styrofoam Egg Cartons?
Styrofoam egg cartons are no the same as aper egg cartons and simply can not just be added to the recycling pile and await curve side pick up. Whilst there are ways that foam can be recycled, the market for such recycling has not taken much to the public and seems to only really happen on smaller occasions as of right now. So again a way to reuse and get the most sustainability of your styrofoam egg carton is to reuse it as much as possible before it has to land up in the bins.
How To Compost Egg Cartons
do you recycle egg cartons
So you've now learned a couple of different ways how to recycle egg cartons, but that is not the only option when it comes to doing the most environmentally friendly thing possible with your remaining containers. When it comes to giving back to the environment and making use of the scraps of the products we use on a daily basis, composting has become one of the most popular ways to combat this mass excess of "leftovers" we have. Cardboard egg cartons for example are the perfect addition to any compost pile and can actually aid the process of degradation quite intensely. This s because the properties of the materials cardboard egg cartons are made of break down extremely quickly and help to create a very rich fertilizer for your garden, flowers and plants and helps the germination process happens as organically and as rapidly as possible. Having a compost pile with a combination of materials such as cardboard egg cartons and shredded paper along with scraps of leftover food, vegetables and fruit peels will provide the most effective solution for your garden and also help you to achieve zero-waste status.
Do You Recycle Egg Cartons?
paper egg cartons
When it comes to what you land up deciding to do with your empty egg cartons is simply up to you, the biggest key and piece of advice I can give is just to not forget about them if you know you are on the last egg or your pile of cartons is adding up simply assign yourself some time to sort out your needs, maybe you need some of an upcoming kids party, or for the next days recycling collection perhaps you want to increase the fertility of your garden or get some alone time while distracting the kids with an egg carton arts and crafts session. At the end of the day, the choice is all yours. Upon some recent server, many people reported that they simply either had no clue what to do with their egg cartons or that they didn't realize that the materials they are made of could be recycled, and thus they land up in places they shouldn't and thus can no longer be reused or repurposed for the benefit of our environment and planet.
The Bottom Line
At the end of the day not only have we answered in bearing the question "are egg containers recyclable?" but also discussed the wide variety of different options you have when it comes to reusing, recycling, and repurposing the egg containers bought for your particular family household. As you can see there is absolutely no reason why your old egg cartons need to land up in our landfills and pollute our lands, oceans, and atmosphere when there are so many things we can do with them. So the next time you finish the last egg in the carton think about where you are going to put that carton and how it can also help benefit you and possibly something in your home in the next few days.
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Laser Tracking
This example shows how to track a moving laser dot.
Using the Image Acquisition Toolbox™, image data streams from a camera are acquired directly into MATLAB®. These images are used to track objects in the camera's view. For this example, the object being tracked is the dot produced by a laser pointer.
The monitor of a computer running MATLAB is placed in the camera's view while a laser pointer shines a red dot on a MATLAB figure window. The camera is used to acquire images of the MATLAB figure window while the laser pointer moves around. By tracking the movement of the laser dot, the laser pointer can be used as a pointer device similar to a mouse.
The first task involves calibrating the data to establish a relationship between the acquired image pixels and the MATLAB figure axes. Once this relationship is established, the laser dot can be tracked as it moves around within the MATLAB figure window.
This example uses a set of utility functions that aid in the processing of images. These utility functions require the Image Processing Toolbox™ and can be found in the following directory:
 - MATLABROOT\toolbox\imaq\imaqdemos\html\laserTracking
Physical Setup
Focus a camera onto the screen of a computer that MATLAB is running on.
It is best to have the ambient light in the room minimized. This example has been successfully run in auditoriums using a projector.
Configure the Acquisition
An image acquisition device will be used to acquire image data to perform the calibration and laser tracking. The device used will be a generic Windows® video WebCam.
% Add the directory containing the utility functions to the MATLAB path.
utilpath = fullfile(matlabroot, 'toolbox', 'imaq', 'imaqdemos',...
 'html', 'applications', 'laserTracking');
% Access and configure a device.
vid = videoinput('winvideo', 1, 'RGB24_320x240');
set(vid, 'FramesPerTrigger', 1);
set(vid, 'TriggerRepeat', Inf);
Create the Calibration Screen
The calibration screen created is purposely set to black to get the best contrast for the laser pointer. Some systems work better when the window's colors are set dark for the title bars.
Since a red laser will be used, the red plane of the image is the only color plane of interest. The calibration square is made blue in order to make it appear "invisible" in the red plane.
% Create the laser figure window.
laserFig = figure;
hBox = plot([0 0 1 1 0], [0 1 1 0 0], 'b-');
hold on
% Set up calibration screen. Modify the cursor so it does not
% interfere with the calibration.
hTarget = plot(0, 0, 'yo');
set(gca, 'Color', [0, 0, 0]);
set(laserFig, 'Color', [0, 0, 0], 'Menubar', 'none',...
 'DoubleBuffer', 'on', 'Pointer', 'custom',...
 'PointerShapeCData', repmat(NaN, 16, 16));
Position the Camera
Position the camera such that only the blue square is visible.
% Display positioning information.
posText = sprintf('%s\n%s',...
 'Position the camera and ensure the blue box',...
 'is the only thing in the camera''s view.');
infoText = text(0, -0.2, posText, 'Color', [1 1 1]);
axis([-0.2 1.2 -0.2 1.2])
% Using the preview window, request that the camera be positioned such
% that the view is of the blue box and little else.
smallFigPos = get(laserFig, 'Position');
set(laserFig, 'Position', get(0, 'ScreenSize'));
disp('Waiting for camera to be any key to continue.')
Waiting for camera to be any key to continue.
Perform Image Calibration
Now that the camera is focused on the right area, a target is drawn at each of the four corners of the box. The calibration is performed by aiming the laser on each corner of the blue square, allowing a relationship to be established between the camera pixel coordinates (the image) and MATLAB axis coordinates (the square). For each target displayed:
 - output a sound indicating the laser should be aimed
 - output a sound indicating a frame is about to be acquired
 - trigger the acquisition device
 - access the acquired image frame and determine the laser position in pixel coordinates
The laser position is determined by thresholding the red plane and looking for high intensity values. Some additional processing is performed to make sure the laser is not obscured by ghost images caused by poor optics in some WebCams. It is also verified that a laser dot was actually present on the screen.
% Provide calibration instructions.
calibText = sprintf('%s\n%s',...
 'Aim the laser pointer on each target as it appears.',...
 'Hold the laser on the target until the target moves.');
set(infoText,'string', calibText);
% Start the acquisition and create a new figure to display
% calibration results in a MATLAB SPY plot.
spyFig = figure;
% Target 1...
set(hTarget, 'Xdata', 0, 'Ydata', 0);
sound(1), pause(2)
sound(1), trigger(vid);
acqResults{1} = getdata(vid, 1);
[xCalib(1), yCalib(1), laserSights] = util_findlaser(acqResults{1});
title('Target 1: Suspected Laser Sighting')
% Target 2...
set(hTarget, 'Xdata', 0, 'Ydata', 1);
sound(1), pause(2)
sound(1), trigger(vid);
acqResults{2} = getdata(vid, 1);
[xCalib(2), yCalib(2), laserSights] = util_findlaser(acqResults{2});
title('Target 2: Suspected Laser Sighting')
% Target 3...
set(hTarget, 'Xdata', 1, 'Ydata', 1);
sound(1), pause(2)
sound(1), trigger(vid);
acqResults{3} = getdata(vid, 1);
[xCalib(3), yCalib(3), laserSights] = util_findlaser(acqResults{3});
title('Target 3: Suspected Laser Sighting')
% Target 4...
set(hTarget, 'Xdata', 1, 'Ydata', 0);
sound(1), pause(2)
sound(1), trigger(vid);
acqResults{4} = getdata(vid, 1);
[xCalib(4), yCalib(4), laserSights] = util_findlaser(acqResults{4});
title('Target 4: Suspected Laser Sighting')
% Close the SPY plot and stop the acquisition.
Calibration Results
Plot the acquired image and the calculated laser pointer coordinates for each target. Since the yellow crosshairs are positioned at the proper location in each image, the processing results are validated.
% Target 1 results...
calibFig = figure;
util_plotpos(acqResults{1}, xCalib(1), yCalib(1));
% Target 2 results...
util_plotpos(acqResults{2}, xCalib(2), yCalib(2));
% Target 3 results...
util_plotpos(acqResults{3}, xCalib(3), yCalib(3));
% Target 4 results...
util_plotpos(acqResults{4}, xCalib(4), yCalib(4));
% Close the figure illustrating calibration results.
Laser Tracking
Start the acquisition and process the acquired data a set number of times. The processing consists of locating the laser in the acquired image and determining the laser positions in pixel and MATLAB axis coordinates.
In order to make things interesting, using the laser pointer, attempt to "draw" the letter 'M' (for MATLAB) within the blue box.
% Update instructions on laser screen.
set(infoText,'string', 'Move the laser pointer within the blue box.');
% Start the acquisition. For each iteration:
% * output a sound to indicate a frame is about to be acquired
% * trigger the device
% * process the acquired image and locate the laser
% * convert pixel coordinates to MATLAB axis coordinates
laser.x = [];
laser.y = [];
for i = 1:100,
 % Acquire an image frame and determine the
 % camera pixel coordinates.
 sound(1), trigger(vid);
 frame = getdata(vid, 1);
 [x, y] = util_findlaser(frame);
 if ~isnan(x) && ~isnan(y),
 % If coordinates were valid, ensure the camera pixel coordinate
 % was in the calibration range.
 x = max([x min(xCalib([1 2]))]);
 x = min([x max(xCalib([3 4]))]);
 y = min([y max(yCalib([1 4]))]);
 y = max([y min(yCalib([2 3]))]);
 % Determine spatial transformation from the unit square calibration points.
 tform = cp2tform([xCalib(:) yCalib(:)], [0 0; 0 1; 1 1;


text:
|Livingston Parish, Louisiana|
Location in the state of Louisiana
Louisiana's location in the U.S.
|Founded||February 10, 1832|
|Named for||U.S. Secretary of State Edward Livingston|
|Largest city||Denham Springs|
703 sq mi (1,820 km²)
648 sq mi (1,678 km²)
55 sq mi (142 km²), 7.80%
142/sq mi (55/km²)
|Time zone||Central: UTC-6/-5|
Livingston is an eponym honoring Edward Livingston, a prominent American and Louisianan jurist and statesman who assisted in the drafting of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825. Livingston Parish was created by state legislature in 1832.
The parish has a total area of 703 square miles (1,820 km2), of which, 648 square miles (1,680 km2) of it is land and 55 square miles (140 km2) of it (7.80%) is water.
|Saint Helena Parish|
|East Baton Rouge Parish||Tangipahoa Parish|
|Livingston Parish, Louisiana|
|Ascension Parish||St. John the Baptist Parish|
Together with the parishes of Saint Helena and Tangipahoa, Livingston Parish forms Louisiana's 21st judicial district.
Livingston Parish is home of one of two installations for a gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) which is a facility dedicated to the detection of cosmic gravitational waves and the harnessing of these waves for scientific research. _URL_
As of the census of 2000, there were 91,814 people, 32,630 households, and 25,549 families residing in the parish. The population density was 142 people per square mile (55/km²). There were 36,212 housing units at an average density of 56 per square mile (22/km²). The racial makeup of the parish was 94.35% White, 4.22% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. 1.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
|Livingston Parish Census Data|
There were 32,630 households out of which 41.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.10% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.70% were non-families. 18.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the parish the population was spread out with 29.50% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 31.50% from 25 to 44, 21.40% from 45 to 64, and 8.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 98.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males.
The median income for a household in the parish was $38,887, and the median income for a family was $44,071. Males had a median income of $36,508 versus $22,325 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $16,282. As of August 2001, about 43,800 people were employed in the parish. The unemployment rate was 4.8%. About 9.10% of families and 11.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.70% of those under age 18 and 15.80% of those age 65 or over.
Hurricane Katrina had a dramatic effect on the population in Livingston Parish. Many displaced families of the affected Parishes have moved into the area and as a result, the population of the parish has increased significantly. On June 6, 2007, the Census Bureau published a report "Special Population Estimates for Impacted Counties in the Gulf Coast Area" which shows a population increase for Livingston Parish to 111,863 as of January 1, 2006.
Livingston Parish is a Council-President parish governed by a Home Rule Charter and enforced by a Parish Council and Parish President. The Parish President is the acting Executive Branch of government and then Parish Council is the acting Legislative Branch of government.
Livingston Parish is divided into 9 council districts. The borders of each district are drawn to even out the population in each district.
In recent years, Livingston Parish has been one of the most Republican parishes in Louisiana and the entire United States. In the 2004 election, George W. Bush received 33,976 votes, or 77% of the county's total, more than three times the 9,895 votes (22%) his opponent, John Kerry, received. The Republicans fared better still in the 2008 election, in which John McCain received 43,269 votes (85% of the total) to just 6,681 votes (13%) for Democrat Barack Obama.
The Livingston Parish Public Schools operates all public schools in the parish.
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Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Each square carries a letter. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares.
Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame!
Change the target language to find translations.
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text:
Drug Interactions With Chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone Interactions ExplainedThe following sections explain in detail the potentially negative interactions that can occur when chlorthalidone is combined with any of the drugs listed above.
Drinking alcohol while taking chlorthalidone can increase your risk of low blood pressure, especially when sitting or standing up suddenly. Talk with your healthcare provider about combining alcohol with chlorthalidone.
Taking chlorthalidone with a barbiturate can increase your risk of low blood pressure, especially when sitting or standing up suddenly. Talk with your healthcare provider before combining these medications.
Other Blood Pressure Medicines
When taking chlorthalidone with another high blood pressure medication, your blood pressure may decrease too much. In order to decrease the chances of this chlorthalidone interaction, your healthcare provider may monitor you more closely and/or change the dose of either medicine.
Taking chlorthalidone with corticosteroids may increase your risk of low potassium levels (hypokalemia). If you are taking these drugs together, your healthcare provider should check your potassium levels. He or she may also need to take steps to correct it, if needed.
Because chlorthalidone may increase blood sugar levels, your healthcare provider may need to increase your dose of insulin or oral diabetes medication to prevent interactions with chlorthalidone from occurring.
Chlorthalidone should be used with caution in people taking digoxin. The medication can cause low potassium levels (hypokalemia), which can be especially dangerous for people taking digoxin.


text: To dissociate the influence of host age from length of exposure on acquisition of filarial infection, we examined the development of microfilaraemia and anti-filarial IgG4 in all ages of a naive population that became suddenly exposed to Brugia malayi as a result of transmigration. Responses in 247 transmigrants, who had settled for periods of several months up to 6 years in their new homesteads, were compared with those of 133 life-long residents. As shown in earlier studies, anti-filarial IgG4 increased with age in the indigenous population, whose age is equivalent to length of exposure. However, by examining transmigrants, it became clear that development of specific IgG4 was influenced by age, since levels of this antibody were consistently higher in transmigrant adults than in transmigrant children, despite an equal length of exposure to filarial infection. Examining microfilaraemia, it was confirmed that infection establishes more rapidly in adults than in children.


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Resolved questions
His house is a _____ between a palace and a hotel.
A. combination
B. union
C. cross
Note: Is the answer C? Can you think of other ways to express similar meaning? Thanks
For learning: English
Base language: English
Category: Language
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.
 Sort by:
 Best Answer - Chosen by the Asker
 C. If you changed "between" to 'of", then A would work.
 Another way to say it could be "His house is part palace and part hotel" (or use "half" instead of "part")
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Quick Answer: Does Vinegar Take Smell Out Of Clothes?
How do you get vinegar smell out of clothes?
Can you use vinegar and laundry detergent together?
Does white vinegar smell go away?
Vinegar is an inexpensive, natural cleaner and deodorizer. … The sharp odor of vinegar can be unpleasant for many people, even though it will go away as soon as it dries. That doesn't help if you are holding your nose, or even experiencing a gagging reflex from the vinegar scent.
What is the best thing to absorb odors?
Baking sodaBaking soda is very effective at absorbing odors from the air as well as from surfaces. Put baking soda in your trash can to eliminate orders, and sprinkle it on any surface an odor emits. Leave it on for an hour, then sweep it off. Baking soda can be used in your washing machine to get rid of odors in your clothing.
Why does it smell when I open my legs?
Why do my clothes still smell after washing?
When you do not use enough detergent bacteria can still thrive on your clothing and cause a smell. When you use too much detergent all you end up doing is trapping bacteria that is living on your clothes inside of thick, soapy suds that do not do much to clean the clothing in the wash.
How do you get bad smells out of clothes?
Add a cup of vinegar or a cup of baking soda to the wash to combat odors. Consider using a clothesline to dry your clothes outside to get a fresh outdoors scent. Use half a cup of pine-scented cleaner in the washer (the pine smell will be eliminated after a cycle in the dryer). Put musty, dry clothing in the freezer.
How does vinegar deodorize laundry?
Use vinegar to deodorize clothes. If you have smelly clothes, add 1/2 to 1 cup of vinegar straight to the washer during the last rinse cycle. This will remove the smells from your clothes, without making them smell like vinegar.
Does baking soda remove odor from clothes?
Adding 1/2 cup of baking soda to the rinse cycle helps to remove odors from clothes (and shoes) and also softens them naturally. … If your clothes smell like sweat or smoke, it's best to let them soak in a baking soda solution overnight. Soaking gives the baking soda time to go to work as a deodorizer.
Is baking soda or vinegar better for laundry?
How do hotels keep towels so white?
Add Baking Soda in the Wash Cycle Along with the normal amount of laundry detergent, add about a half cup of baking soda to every load of white towels. The baking soda will activate with the water and laundry detergent to keep your towels looking brighter and will also help pull out any stains.
Where do you put vinegar in laundry?


Definitions for wallopingˈwɒl ə pɪŋ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word walloping
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
wal•lop•ing*ˈwɒl ə pɪŋ
 1. (n.)a sound beating or thrashing.
 Category: Informal
 2. a thorough defeat.
 Category: Informal
 3. (adj.)very large; whopping.
 Category: Informal
 4. very fine; impressive.
 5. (adv.)extremely; immensely.
 Category: Informal
* Informal..
Origin of walloping:
Princeton's WordNet
 1. thrashing, walloping, debacle, drubbing, slaughter, trouncing, whipping(adj)
 a sound defeat
 2. humongous, banging, thumping, whopping, walloping(adj)
 (used informally) very large
 "a thumping loss"
 1. walloping(Noun)
 A series of wallops (blows.)
 2. walloping(Noun)
 Verbal abuse.
 For forgetting to pick up the package again, my boss gave a walloping.
 3. walloping(Adjective)
 whopping, large in size
 4. walloping(Adjective)
 of exceptional, impressive quality
 5. Origin: From the verb wallop 'beat, impact'
Webster Dictionary
 1. Walloping
 of Wallop
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text:
Asynchronous evolution of mammalian myosin proteins. The matrix illustrates the normalized distances between corresponding sequences. Asynchronous evolution is observed if the pattern of the deviation from the mean is different. For example, the pattern from rat to the other mammalian species is very similar, illustrating their synchronous evolution in general. However, there are differences in the patterns of some class-I myosins between rat and mouse and opossum, indicating their asynchronous evolution. In contrast, the sequence comparison patterns of cow and the other mammals are very different, indicating the asynchronous evolution of all cow myosin genes. The abbreviations for the organisms are: Rn, Rattus norvegicus; Mm, Mus musculus; Pat, Pan troglodytes; Hs, Homo sapiens; Mam, Macaca mulatto; Caf, Canis familiaris; Bt, Bos Taurus; Md, Monodelphis domestica.
Odronitz and Kollmar Genome Biology 2007 8:R196 doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r196


What is a cleft chin?
A cleft chin refers to a chin with a Y-shaped dimple in the middle. It's usually a genetic trait.
Depending on your preference, you may consider cleft chins a sign of beauty or not. You can both add and remove a cleft chin with chin surgery, also called mentoplasty.
Before having surgery to create or remove a cleft chin, it's important to understand the structure behind cleft chins. You'll also want to consider the risks and costs associated with surgery.
Whether or not you're born with a cleft chin depends on your genes. If other people in your family have a cleft chin, you're more likely to have one as well.
The signature dimple of cleft chins forms before birth. This happens when the two sides of the lower jaw don't completely fuse together during fetal development. Aside from the dimple, this doesn't cause any other symptoms.
There are surgical options for both removing and creating a cleft chin.
Surgery to remove a cleft chin
Chin surgery can either remove a cleft chin or reduce the size of the dimple. Both are usually done with a chin implant that's designed to fill in the dimple. Your surgeon will work with you to determine the right implant shape for the look you're after.
You'll likely have swelling in your chin immediately after surgery, which can make it hard to see your new chin. Keep in mind that it may take several weeks to months for the final results to appear.
Surgery to add a cleft chin
Creating a cleft chin, on the other hand, doesn't involve any implants. Instead, your surgeon will remove some of the soft tissue below the skin where the dimple should be placed. This is done either with liposuction or a traditional surgical method.
If there's not enough extra tissue around the dimple, your surgeon may need to remove some of the bone. This is usually done with a small cutting device called a bur, which is inserted through your mouth.
Similar to removing a cleft chin, it can take up to several months to see results after having surgery to create a cleft chin.
While mentoplasty is generally safe, it does carry a few risks regardless of whether you're removing or adding a cleft chin.
These risks include:
 - infection
 - excessive bleeding
 - scarring
 - swelling
 - undesirable results
You can help to reduce these risks by telling your doctor if you:
All of these factors can make surgery more dangerous. Depending on the type of surgery, your surgeon may be able to use different techniques to reduce your risk of having problems.
It's also important to be prepared for a long recovery period. While your surgeon can estimate how long you'll need to recover, that timeline varies from person to person. You may recovery faster or slower, depending on your overall health and the type of surgery you have.
If at any point you feel your chin isn't healing properly, contact your surgeon. They may need to make some adjustments or ensure you don't have an infection.
According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the average cost of chin surgery is about $2,225. However, that number depends on the type of work you have done. For example, removing bone usually costs more than adding an implant.
Keep in mind that this number doesn't include the cost of anesthesia and any related hospital fees. In addition, your insurance company may not cover cosmetic chin surgery. Talk to your medical team and insurance company before booking your surgery so you're prepared for all related costs.
Cleft chins are a genetic trait marked by a dimple in the middle of your chin. Depending on personal preference, you may want to either add or remove a cleft chin. You can achieve both of these with surgery.
Work with a surgeon to come up with the best technique for the look you desire. and make sure you're aware of all the costs involved before going in for the procedure.


H5P Guides
Advanced Fill in the Blanks
Advanced Fill in the Blanks is a question type that allows creating fill in the blanks tasks with advanced feedback. The main difference between "Fill in the blanks" and "Advanced fill in the blanks" is that in the second, you can provide feedback for a specific incorrect answer and you can also offer answers for users to choose from a dropdown.
In this tutorial, you will learn:
 - When to use Advanced Fill in the Blanks content type
 - How to create an Advanced Fill in the Blanks activity
Not using H5P yet?
Here's the task we'll create in this tutorial:
Step 1: Topic
We are going to make an exercise where students should put the verbs into the correct tense. We'll offer individual feedback for most common mistakes so users can reflect and learn why each particular answer is not a suitable fit for each sentence.
Step 2: Creating Advanced Fill in the Blanks
Select the New content option and choose Advanced Fill in the Blanks from the list of Content types:
Advanced fill in the blanks inside H5P content Hub
Step 3: Advanced Fill in the Blanks editor
The Fill in the Blanks editor should now appear. The editor looks like this:
Step 4: Task Description
The Task description will be displayed to the learner and it should contain a question or instructions on how to solve a task. Type the following text in the Task description field:
Put the verbs into the correct tense. You'll get individual feedback for typical mistakes.
Step 5: Text with Blanks
Under Text with Blanks we will type the exercise like this:
He speaks English but he (not / speak) ___________ German.
Important: Make sure you use three or more underscores ("_") to specify the position where you want the blank to appear.
Now we should define all possible alternatives and also point out which one is correct. This is done in the "Blanks used in the text" section.
For alternative correct/incorrect answers type in "/" to separate alternatives.
For the first blank, we'll add the below as a correct answer:
 - Correct answer: doesn't speak/does not speak
And below as a set of incorrect answers and feedback if one of them is chosen:
 - Incorrect answer: speaks not/speak not
 - Feedback: Remember to use 'do/does' when negating a full verb (speak).
To add more incorrect answers use the "Add incorrect answer" button shown below:
We'll add one more set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect answer: don't speak/do not speak
 - Feedback: You forgot the 'third-person singular -s' for a simple present (he).
Extra options
You can also define which part of the text will highlight when the feedback is shown. This is done by putting the word between ("!!"). For example:
!!He!! speaks English but he (not / speak) ___________ German.
Putting the word "He" between!! means that this word will highlight when we display the feedback for the first set of incorrect answers.
"Highlight position relative to blank," tells which word under "!!" will be used for this set of incorrect answers, since you can define multiple highlights.
For the second set of incorrect answers, we'll highlight the word "speak" so this word will highlight in the text on an incorrect answer.
You should get something like this:
Advanced fill in the blanks one quesition filled in
Step 6: Adding more exercises
We'll add three more lines using the same methods as above:
I (learn) ___________ English for three years now.
 - Correct:'ve been learning/have been learning
1st set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect:'m learning/am learning
 - Feedback: Present progressive (am learning) is used for something that is going on right now. _USER_
2nd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: learned/learnt
 - Feedback: Simple past (learned/learnt) is used if something is over and you just report it. _USER_
3rd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect:'ve/learned/'ve learnt/have learned/have learnt
 - Feedback: You're nearly there. It's great that you've used present perfect because the action (learning) connects past and present. But it's still going on and you talk about how long it has been going on: use present perfect progressive in such a case. (have/has been +...ing)
I (not / be) ___________ to Sweden so far.
 - Correct: haven't been/have not been
1st set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: hasn't been/has not been
 - Feedback: Remember to use 'have' for I, you, we, and they.
2nd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: wasn't/was not/weren't/were not
 - Feedback: If you want to say that you've (never) done something at some point in your life, you need present perfect. (have/has + past participle) You've used a simple past, which is for reporting about a specific event, typically including an exact time or date.
She (paint) ___________ the walls of her house now.
 - Correct: 's painting/is painting
 - Incorrect: paints/paint
 - Feedback: It's right now, so you must use present progressive (am/is/are +...ing).
Overall feedback
In the Overall Feedback widget, you can define feedback that will be presented to the user at the end of the exercise, based on a total score. We'll define overall feedback like this:
 - 0-50%: Try again!
 - 51%-75%: You've done ok!
 - 76%-100%: Good job!
By now you should have ended up with something like this:
Filled in Advanced fill in the blanks
Step 7: Behaviour settings
 - Under "Answer mode" select: Users select from options
 - Under "Alternatives offered" for selection select: The incorrect answers entered for the blank
 - Check "Automatically check answers after input"
Step 8: Finishing up
Save the node/article when you're satisfied to view your final Advanced Fill in the Blanks.
You should now have the same result as the example at the top of this page.


text:
What is "Android Backup"?
This backup option uses Google's "Auto Backup for Apps" to periodically create encrypted backups on Google Drive. The following data is saved:
- ID and key pair
- Contacts and verification levels
- Group memberships
- Contact and group images
- All settings
Please note that media files are not saved.
Backups are created about every 24 hours, provided the device is idle and connected to a Wi-Fi network and an external power source. The exact time is determined by the operating system based on various parameters. Threema can't initiate the backup process. In some cases, it can take several days until a backup is created. There is no way to manually trigger the backup process.
In the "Android Backup" tab, the status is "pending" until the first backup is created; then, date and time of the latest backup will be displayed. To get a list of all backups, open the Google Drive app and navigate to "[side drawer] > Backups > [device name] backup > Apps > Threema".
Backups are encrypted using NaCl and stored on Google Drive. It's not possible to store backups in a different location. Since the symmetric key is derived from the password, it's particularly important to choose a strong password. For more information about encryption, please consult the Cryptography Whitepaper.
If Android's "Automatic restore" is enabled (in "Settings > Backup & reset"), the latest backup will be automatically restored after the app was installed on a new device (or reinstalled on the current device), provided the same Google account is used. When opening the newly installed app, the user is prompted for the password, and once the correct password is entered, Threema restores the latest backup and restarts.
Differences between "Android Backup" and data backup
When using "Android Backup", backups will be created on a regular basis without any user interaction, whereas the creation of data backups must be manually triggered by the user. Hence, there is always a current backup available when using "Android Backup". This is a key advantage of "Android Backup" over data backups. Furthermore, app settings are included in "Android Backups" (but they are not included in data backups). On the other hand, data backups can include media files, while "Android Backups" don't include media files because Google limits the backup size to 25 MB per app and user.


text:
Drummed out of the army
Dismissed from army service to the sound of a drum.
The phrase 'drummed out' is most often used in relation to the, now outmoded, military practice of dismissing disgraced soldiers to the sound of drums. This drew attention to their plight and acted as a warning to others. The earliest reference to 'drumming out' comes in a figurative use of the phrase, in Thomas Amory's The life of John Buncle, 1766:
"They ought to be drummed out of society."
Soon after that comes a piece from The Edinburgh Advertiser, (June 1776), which refers to a literal 'drumming out', i.e. with drums:
"Included was a letter to me in very extraordinary language, and a summons to deliver up the town: the messenger was sent to prison for a few days, and drummed out."
The earliest specific reference to drumming out in a military scenario is Lord Thomas Macaulay's Critical and miscellaneous essays, 1829:
"Another is drummed out of a regiment."
These days we hear little of people being drummed out, apart from in the corny joke 'He was drummed out of the Mafia for cruelty'.


text:
People stop feeling young at 40 years, 8 months and 2 weeks
It's been said that life begins at 40, but it might be more accurate to say that mid-life begins at 40.
A British Government poll has revealed that the age at which we should stop calling ourselves young is 40 years, eight months and two weeks.
More surprisingly, the Britons surveyed believe that old age begins at 59 years, two months and two weeks, the Daily Mail reported.
The poll, for the Department for Work and Pensions, spoke to 2,171 people aged 16 or over and uncovered stark variations in the views of men and women and different age groups.
Men say being young stops at 38 and a half. For women the cut-off is delayed until 42 years, nine months and three months.
Old age, according to women, begins at 60 years, four months and two weeks. But for men, it is much earlier - at 58.
The gap may be down to men placing more emphasis on diminishing strength as a mark of ageing, or because women tend to live longer.
As many might expect, the definition of old age goes back in later life. Under-50s said it begins at 46 years and nine months. For those age 50-plus, old age starts at 62 years, seven months and two weeks.
While 16- to 24-year-olds said being young ends at 32, for those aged 80-plus the answer was 52.
This is not far short of when the youngest group said old age begins - 54.
The Department for Work and Pensions said 'the disparity in perceptions' showed 'the potential for age stereotypes to be applied in very inconsistent ways'.
Class and income may also be factors, as unemployed said being young ends nine years earlier than those with full time jobs.
People who lived in council houses tended to believe old age started five years earlier than those who owned their home outright.


text:
R. Mitchell (UK)
Feedback Systems, Bode diagrams, Asymptotic analysis.
In his classic book, Network Analysis and Feedback
Amplifier Design, Bode describes how to obtain using
asymptotic analysis, for a specified amount of bandwidth,
gain margin and phase margin, the 'maximum obtainable
feedback'. This means, how to get the largest possible low
frequency loop gain for a single loop amplifier. One
problem with the method is that, particularly when
specifying too high a bandwidth, it is not possible to
achieve the specified phase margin, with the consequence
that the system step response can be too oscillatory. This
paper considers ways in which the phase margin can be
achieved, whilst still achieving the maximum obtainable
feedback over a large bandwidth.


text:
In the Congressional Record Reid honors the 60th Anniversary of N2S2
January 28, 2011
Washington, D.C. – Nevada Senator Harry Reid recognized the 60th anniversary of the recently renamed Nevada Test Site. Now known as the Nevada National Security Site (N2S2), the site has played a vital role in national security.
"Since 1951 the Nevada National Security Site and the Nevadans that work there have been the on the front line of our national security," said Reid. "At its inception N2S2 was the most important proving ground for nuclear weapons and today it is the nation's designated proving ground for solar energy technology. N2S2 is well on its way to becoming a center of nation security preparedness and innovation in clean energy."
Throughout its history Reid has actively ensured that the site received the federal funding necessary for nuclear weapons research. Reid also fought for compensation for test site workers who were affected by radiation sickness and other illnesses they had gotten during their work with nuclear material. For nearly a decade Reid worked against bureaucratic roadblocks to establish a special medical compensation cohort for affected test site workers. More recently N2S2 has taken on new roles in detecting dangerous weapons, treaty verification, fighting terrorism and nuclear smuggling, and training first responders. Additionally, 17,000 acres of the site are now a solar energy demonstration zone where the most groundbreaking solar technologies are being developed and tests.
Below is a copy of the record statement:
60th Anniversary of the Nevada National Security Site
Mr. REID. Mr. President, I rise today to recognize the 60th Anniversary of the Nevada National Security Site (N2S2). The Nevada National Security Site, formerly known as the Nevada Test Site, has played an important role in keeping our nation safe and will continue to do so as we face new security challenges.
On January 27, 1951, a half kiloton nuclear weapon called "Able" was dropped on N2S2, launching a 40-year era. In that instant, N2S2 became the nation's most important nuclear weapons proving grounds. I am thankful for the work done by the men and women at the site who dedicated their careers and sacrificed their health to keeping America safe. Nearly 20 years after our nation's last nuclear test, I am proud to say that N2S2 is still helping secure America with a new mission tailored to 21st century threats and making us energy independent.
928 atmospheric and underground tests were performed at the N2S2 before the United States established a moratorium on nuclear weapons testing in 1992. The vast majority of testing in this period took place underground, in a network of tunnels and shafts. Even though these tunnels were designed to contain radiation from the explosions, thousands of N2S2 workers still experienced radiation exposure from most of the underground detonations.
In 2000, after a number of my colleagues and I had begun to hear disturbing stories about illnesses they had gotten from their nuclear weapons work and their inability to get any financial compensation from the government, we passed the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Act. This legislation was designed to allow thousands of America's Cold War veterans receive compensation that would help pay their medical bills and honor the sacrifices they and their families had made for our country.
Unfortunately, it soon became clear that even with this new law, it would not be easy for many workers to get the compensation they deserved. In 2005, I began to hear from workers and survivors complaining that they were being put through an endless stream of bureaucratic red tape only to be denied in the end. I was enraged that these workers were denied compensation, so I worked for the next five years before successfully securing automatic compensation for most of Nevada's Cold War veterans and their families.
On August 23, 2010 I joined Tom D'Agostino, the administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, and officials from the State Department, Department of Homeland Security, and Department of Defense to recognize the continued importance of one of our nation's vital national security sites. We established not only a new name, but a new mission for N2S2. Changing the site's name from the Nevada Test Site to Nevada National Security Site reflects the unique opportunities to use the site for detecting dangerous weapons, treaty verification, fighting terrorism and nuclear smuggling, and training first responders.
The Nevada National Security Site is the ideal laboratory for this work. It's uniquely secure, and close to Nevadans who are eager to get back to work as soon as they can find a good job. And it already has a workforce of 3,000 men and women dedicated to serving their country.
The Nevada National Security Site is not only breaking ground on new ways to keep us safe from weapons; it is also breaking ground on developing clean energy technologies that will make us energy independent. The former nuclear weapons proving ground will soon be a proving ground for concentrating solar energy technologies. Last August, I joined Energy Secretary Chu and Interior Secretary Salazar to designate a 17,000 acre portion of N2S2 as the nation's solar demonstration zone for testing the most innovative and promising solar technologies in an area with almost perpetual sun shine.
When Nevadans and all Americans look at the Nevada National Security Site, they will see opportunities reflecting the core values of innovation, leadership and security. I ask all my colleagues to join with me and the people of Nevada in recognizing the Nevada National Security Site's 60th Anniversary, its rich history and bright future.


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Christening gowns came about during the Victorian era (which was around 1837 until the 1900's). History says that baptisms were occasions that were greatly celebrated as a child was accepted into the Christian world. The Church then insisted that babies during baptism wear white as a symbol of innocence and purity.
After the christening, Victorian families would carefully store the gown to be passed down to the next child. Thus the tradition of turning christening dresses into family heirlooms began.
|Ivory Angelic Organza Float Christening Dress|
Fast-forward to almost a hundred years later, and white is still the preferred color. Also, many families still keep the baptismal garment as a remembrance of a beautiful celebration. While that remains the same, there are differences that have been brought about by changing times.
|Satin with Embroidered Organza Christening Gown|
First, we add beige and off-white to the repertoire of colors that can be worn by a child during baptism. Add to this the many designs, style additions, and dress lengths than can be chosen from. Second, this generation has smaller families, and so passing down a christening gown might mean having a child wear it once every few years. That's why parents opt to just keep the original dress and purchase a new one for the next child.
|Traditional Christening Gown with Capsleeves|
But despite changing times, the essence of an heirloom remains the same. Being an heirloom no longer means passing it down from one generation to another. You can call a dress your family's heirloom because your most precious treasure (your child) wore it on her special day.
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Take Sunset Photography to the Next Level with These Pro Tips for Shooting into the Light (VIDEO)
Adam Karnacz is a British pro known for his stunning nature and landscape photography. In this four-minute tutorial, he explains how to overcome two key challenges when shooting directly into the sun.
One difficulty with this type of photography is that the sun and surrounding sky is typically far brighter than the foreground in a scene. Karnacz demonstrates two ways to solve this dilemma, the first being the use of a graduated neutral density (ND) filter to achieve a balanced exposure across the entire frame.
Another technique for dealing with uneven illumination in sunset photographs is to bracket several exposures and merge them during the editing process. That way, you'll end up with a single image that has perfectly exposed highlights, midtones and shadows.
Challenge number two when shooting into the sun is avoiding ugly lens flare that can really make a mess of a photograph. Here, Karnacz provides both an in-camera technique and an editing method for resolving this common problem. He also offers a safety warning that's important to observe, whenever shooting photos with the sun in the frame.
There are more helpful tips on Karnacz' YouTube channel. And be sure to watch an earlier video of his, explaining the camera settings he uses for landscape photography.


= findobj(gca,'Type','text','String','\pi/2');
finds the string π/2 only within the current axes.
Using findobj as an Argument
Because findobj returns the handles it finds, you can use it in place of the handle argument. For example,
finds all red lines and sets their line style to dotted.
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by Mir M. Ali, Aliaksandr Amialchuk, Frank W. Heiland
To investigate whether social interactions in friendship networks influence the following weight-related behaviors of adolescents: exercising regularly, playing an active sport, hours of TV/Video viewing, sleeping six or fewer hours, eating breakfast on weekdays, frequency of eating at fast food restaurants, eating five servings of fruits/vegetables daily, and consuming calorie-dense snacks. Method
Data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents are used to examine the association between peer and individual weight-related behaviors. Evidence from multivariate regression analysis controlling for an extensive list of individualand family-level factors as well as school-level unobserved heterogeneity is obtained. Results
We find a significant positive association between individuals' and friends' behaviors in terms of sports, exercise and fast food consumption. The estimated associations are robust to controls for individualand family-level factors, unobserved heterogeneity at the school level and our attempts to account for non-random peer selection. Conclusions
The social transmission of weight-related behaviors is a viable explanation for the spread of obesity in friendship networks documented in recent research. Traditional weight reduction interventions may be fruitfully complemented with strategies that focus on harnessing peer support to modify behaviors.


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ERS stands for Energy Recovery System, and it is a fairly new innovation within the world of F1. First bursting onto the scene in 2009, it has evolved over time to become integral to the powertrains within the F1 cars. So, what are the MGU-H and MGU-K, and how do they work?
ERS in F1 stands for Energy Recovery System. The MGU-H uses excess exhaust gases from the engine to feed power to the energy store, which is then used to power the turbocharger's compressor. The MGU-K feeds waste energy from the decelerating wheels back to the energy store for later use.
Although the two systems work in similar ways, there are also some big differences. Plus, they are used in different parts of the car, and so it is key to look at each one individually and consider the benefits that each one gives in terms of power.
What Is ERS On An F1 Car?
ERS is the energy recovery system on an F1 car, made up primarily of the energy store, the MGU-K, and the MGU-H. ERS allows drivers to get a boost of around 160 HP for about 33 seconds per lap, using energy that is harvested from regenerative braking and waste exhaust gases.
The powertrain on an F1 car is the mix of components that drives the car. Most people think of simply the engine powering the car, but instead it is actually known as a Power Unit, or PU, as it is made up of several vital components that work together to give the car an enormous amount of power, about 1000 HP.
The powertrain is made up of many different components, but the main ones to consider are the engine, the turbocharger and both the MGU-H and MGU-K. We will talk about these more specifically in later sections, but MGU stands for Motor Generator Unit, while the H is for Heat and the K is for Kinetic.
Since 2014, the engines used in F1 cars have been 1.6-liter hybrid V6s. These are internal combustion engines, or ICEs, and they work using a traditional 4-stroke system you would find on your normal car. With a few extra components, like special spark plugs and precise fuel injection systems, it draws fuel and air into the cylinders, compresses and ignites them, and discharges exhaust gases.
Where the powertrain differs from your road car's is in the power they can provide to the cars. They are capable of more than 1000BHP, which is a massive amount of power for a car that weighs less than a ton. The engine itself produces around 700BHP, with the remaining power coming from the motor generator units that this article will explain.
These units generate and make use of energy that is stored in an extra Energy Store (ES) or Energy Storage System (ESS), which is essentially a large lithium ion battery. It is regulated to weigh between 20 and 25kg. They are also regulated with regards to how much energy they can store and provide.
F1 batteries work by taking the energy generated by both the MGU-K and MGU-H and storing that energy until the driver needs to use it. When they do, at the press of a button, some of this energy is redirected to the turbocharger and the rear wheels for a power boost of up to around 160 hp.
This power boost can be used for around 33 seconds each lap, which is obviously of massive advantage to the drivers. The MGU-K is used to harvest "waste" energy from the wheels under deceleration and provide this to the energy store to be used later. The MGU-H works in a similar way, although it is linked with the turbocharger.
The MGU-K can harvest 2MJ per lap and deploy 4MJ per lap, while the MGU-H can harvest an unlimited amount, but only deploy 2MJ per lap. Energy from the MGU-H can either be used to power the MGU-K or sent to the Energy Store.
The turbocharger is a key component of these engines, and itself is made up of two main parts. The turbine is the first part, and this is connected to the waste gate of the engine. The exhaust gases from the engine flow out of the waste gate to the turbine, and they then spin the turbine, which is connected via a shaft to a compressor.
This compressor spins with the turbine, drawing in extra air and pushing this air into the engine. This increases the amount of oxygen available to be sent into the engine, which allows the engine to burn more fuel faster for more power. The MGU-H is attached to the turbocharger and works in a similar way to the MGU-K to send "waste" energy to the energy store.
How Do F1 Cars Harvest Energy?
F1 cars harvest energy using the energy recovery system, made up of the MGU-K in the brakes and the MGU-H in the turbocharger. These motor generator units harvest waste energy lost under braking as kinetic energy, and as heat lost in the exhaust gases, before sending it back to the energy store.
We have mentioned the word energy quite a lot already, and especially waste energy. This word has been in inverted commas for a good reason. Essentially, the car's powertrain can only be so efficient, as there is a lot of energy lost at each stage due to friction, which results in heat which is lost to the atmosphere. This is common of all mechanical equipment and is a challenge for engineers.
Thus, the waste energy in question is not wasted just for the sake of it, as it is instead inevitable when it comes to combustion engines. The second idea to note concerns the first law of thermodynamics. This states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed. Essentially, it can only be shifted from one form to another, rather than "made" or "lost".
So we need to consider what is happening to the energy within a car when it is being driven. The engine uses fuel and oxygen to generate mechanical energy through combustion. This is a result of the chemical energy of the fuel and oxygen being burned, and the mechanical energy of the pistons is converted into kinetic energy in the wheels, driving the car forwards.
At every stage of the process, heat is generated, which is another form of energy. This occurs due to friction of components rubbing against each other, as well as a by-product of combustion itself. But there is a lot of heat generated at the wheels in particular, most notably when the car is braking intensely. It is friction between the brake pads and the brake discs that slow the car down.
This results in a lot of "lost" heat energy. This is important to consider for the MGU-K. Both the MGU-K and the MGU-H use heat, or thermal, energy to provide power back to the energy store. They do this by converting the thermal energy into electrical energy by means of a motor system. Hence the name, motor generator unit.
A motor is an electrical component that turns when it receives an input of energy. As part of a circuit, that input energy is electrical energy, and the motor turns by converting it into kinetic energy. These motors can be used to turn things like wheels and turbines. Turning the motor mechanically however can also turn the kinetic energy back into electrical energy.
This can be seen with the common dynamo which you might have on your bicycle. Essentially, as the wheels turn, the motor in the dynamo turns, which through some complex electronics that we will hopefully simplify below, provides power to another electronic device, such as your bike light. This energy can also be stored, which is the basis of the MGUs.
The Electronics Of An F1 Car
The last section gave some very basic explanations of energy and some common concepts that relate to the motor generator units we are finally about to discuss in more detail. But just how does the motor in these units turn the kinetic, or rotational, energy of the motor into electrical energy, which can then be stored for a power boost later on?
Understanding The Motor
As mentioned, the motor can turn as a result of electrical energy being applied, or it can turn via the input of kinetic or mechanical energy. Think of a fan on your desk that keeps you cool in the summer. You turn it on, and electrical energy spins the fan's blades. But you can also spin them with your hands even when the power is disconnected.
What happens with both the MGUs in an F1 car is a similar process. They both contain motors, as the name suggests, and these motors can be made to turn via the input of electrical energy from the energy store, like a traditional motor. Or they can be used like a dynamo, using external kinetic energy to turn the motors, and then converting that into electricity.
The way they do this is quite complex. Essentially, the motor consists of wires and magnets. When wires are placed in a rotating magnetic field, current can be generated within the wires, even when they are not connected to a power source. This rotating magnetic field is created by the spinning of the motor, which is being spun by external forces that are different for the MGU-H and MGU-K.
So the movement of a rotor can be used in the opposite direction to generate electrical energy, or simply electricity, from kinetic energy. This is a vital concept for both MGUs. Let us first look at how this works for the MGU-H, and it will hopefully start to make more sense if it does not already.
What Is The MGU-H On An F1 Car?
The MGU-H on an F1 car is the Motor Generator Unit Heat. The MGU-H is connected to the turbocharger,


How to copy file to s3 with aws cli example
This brief post will show you how to copy file or files with aws cli in several different examples. It will cover several different examples like:
 - copy files to local
 - copy files from local to aws ec2 instance
 - aws lambda python copy s3 file
You can check this article if you need to install and download files with S3 client on Linux Mint or Ubuntu: How to Download Files from S3 Bucket with AWS CLI on Linux Min
Step 1: Copy files to local with aws cli
One the S3 client is installed and correctly configured(check the link above). You can copy files from a S3 bucket to your local machine by command:
aws s3 cp
and example would be
aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
The command above will copy the file located on bucket - s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt on the current working folder.
Step 2: Copy files to local with different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
What about if you like to get files from a bucket which has different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY from the configured one. And you don't like to store them on your machine.
In this case you can use the next command to copy files with custom keys:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
Step 3: Copy files from local to S3 bucket
If you need to copy a local file from your local machine to aws instance then you can use the next syntax:
aws s3 cp
or as example:
aws s3 cp./test.txt s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
This will copy the local file test.txt from the current working folder to the bucket path: s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
Step 4: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file(s)
If you need to create a aws lambda to copy files from S3 buckets you can check: Using an Amazon S3 trigger to invoke a Lambda function
The Python lambda to copy files is:
import json
import urllib.parse
import boto3
print('Loading function')
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 # Get the object from the event and show its content type
 key = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key'], encoding='utf-8')
 response = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
 return response['ContentType']
 except Exception as e:
 print('Error getting object {} from bucket {}. Make sure they exist and your bucket is in the same region as this function.'.format(key, bucket))
 raise e
Step 5: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file from one bucket to other
If you need to copy files from one bucket to another with a aws lambda you can use next Python snippet:
import boto3
import json
s3 = boto3.resource('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-1')
 dest_bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-2')
 for obj in bucket.objects():
 dest_key = obj.key
 s3.Object(, dest_key).copy_from(CopySource = {'Bucket': obj.bucket_name, 'Key': obj.key})
This will copy all files from some-space_bucket-1 to bucket some-space_bucket-2
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Aircraft study of the impact of lake-breeze circulations on trace gases and particles during BAQS-Met 2007
Abstract. High time-resolved aircraft data, concurrent surface measurements and air quality model simulations were explored to diagnose the processes influencing aerosol chemistry under the influence of lake-breeze circulations in a polluted region of southwestern Ontario, Canada. The analysis was based upon horizontal aircraft transects conducted at multiple altitudes across an entire lake-breeze circulation. Air mass boundaries due to lake-breeze fronts were identified in the aircraft meteorological and chemical data, which were consistent with the frontal locations determined from surface analyses. Observations and modelling support the interpretation of a lake-breeze circulation where pollutants were lofted at a lake-breeze front, transported in the synoptic flow, caught in a downdraft over the lake, and then confined by onshore flow. The detailed analysis led to the development of conceptual models that summarize the complex 3-D circulation patterns and their interaction with the synoptic flow. The identified air mass boundaries, the interpretation of the lake-breeze circulation, and the air parcel circulation time in the lake-breeze circulation (3.0 to 5.0 h) enabled formation rates of organic aerosol (OA/ΔCO) and SO42− to be determined. The formation rate for OA (relative to excess CO in ppmv) was found to be 11.6–19.4 μg m−3 ppmv−1 h−1 and the SO42− formation rate was 5.0–8.8% h−1. The formation rates are enhanced relative to regional background rates implying that lake-breeze circulations are an important dynamic in the formation of SO42− and secondary organic aerosol. The presence of cumulus clouds associated with the lake-breeze fronts suggests that these enhancements could be due to cloud processes. Additionally, the effective confinement of pollutants along the shoreline may have limited pollutant dilution leading to elevated oxidant concentrations.


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Social Science & Medicine, forthcoming
As natural experiments, famines provide a unique opportunity to test the health consequences of nutritional deprivation during the critical period of early life. Using data on 4,972 Chinese born between 1956 and 1963 who participated in a large mental health epidemiology survey conducted between 2001 and 2005, we investigated the potential impact of famine exposure in utero and during the early postnatal life on adult mental illness. The risk of mental illness was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and eight other risk factors, and the famine impact on adult mental illness was estimated by difference-in-difference models. Results show that compared with women born in 1963, women born during the famine years (_PHONE_) had higher GHQ scores (increased by 0.95 points; CI: 0.26, 1.65) and increased risk of mental illness (OR= 2.80; CI: 1.23, 6.39); those born in 1959 were the most affected and had GHQ scores 1.52 points higher (CI: 0.42, 2.63) and an OR for mental illness of 4.99 (CI: 1.68, 14.84). Compared to men in the 1963 birth cohort, men born during the famine had lower GHQ scores (decreased by 0.89 points; CI: -1.59, -0.20) and a nonsignificant decrease in the risk of mental illness (OR = 0.60; CI: 0.26, 1.40). We speculate that the long-term consequences of early-life famine exposure include both the selection of the hardiest and the enduring deleterious effects of famine on those who survive. The greater biological vulnerability and stronger natural selection in utero of male versus female fetuses during severe famine may result in a stronger selection effect among men than women, obscuring the deleterious impact of famine exposure on the risk of mental illness in men later in life.


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This definition is lacking an etymology or has an incomplete etymology. You can help Wiktionary by giving it a proper etymology.
- A form of red ochre sometimes used to mark sheep
ruddle (third-person singular simple present ruddles, present participle ruddling, simple past and past participle ruddled)
- To mark something with red ochre.
- To raddle or twist.
ruddle (plural ruddles)
Last modified on 10 June 2013, at 10:22
- A riddle or sieve.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Holland to this entry?)