what religion is morocco
what religion is morocco
What religion is most common in Morocco?
The main religion in Morocco is Islam, which is the state religion, although freedom of religious belief is also guaranteed to all. Officially, 99% of the population are Muslims, and virtually all of those are Sunni.
Is Christianity legal in Morocco?
Is Morocco a Islamic nation?
Does Morocco have freedom of religion?
The constitution of Morocco establishes that Islam is the state religion of Morocco, and also grants freedom of thought, expression, assembly, and the right for everyone to "conduct their religious affairs".
What is the dominating religion in the world?
What is Moroccan race?
What do Moroccans speak?
Do they speak English in Morocco?
You might be interested: what is the national language of morocco
Did Morocco colonize Spain?
The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. Spanish protectorate in Morocco.
Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Protectorado español en Marruecos الحماية الإسبانية على المغرب
Capital Tetuán
How did Islam come to Morocco?
Islam was first brought to Morocco in 680 by an Arab invasion under the Uqba ibn Nafi, who was a general serving under the Umayyads of Damascus. In 788, The Zaydi Shia Idrisids ruled large parts of Morocco. After several Berbers formed more powerful Islamic dynasties that reigned over the country.
When did the French occupy Morocco?
March 30, 1912
Where does the name Morocco come from?
The English name Morocco is an anglicisation of the Spanish "Marruecos", from which also derives the Tuscan "Morrocco", the origin of the Italian "Marocco".
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Please Note: The instructions below are for the GT Carousel module, which is no longer centrally-supported or -maintained. These instructions are provided to help users who still have this module on an older website. For further discussion, please see the community discussion on Drupal carousels.
- Navigate to "Content" > "Add Content" > "Carousel Slide."
- In the "Description" field, add a short description that will help you identify the slide when you need to find it in a list of other carousel slides.
- Typically, carousel slides link to a Web page. Enter the link label in the "Title" field. Enter the URL in the "URL" field. This step is optional.
- In the "Slide Title" field, enter a title for your slide.
- In the "Summary Sentence" field, enter a short blurb (think of it as a subheading).
- The "Slide Title," "Summary Sentence" and "Link Title" will be displayed together in a white box. From the "Title Placement" dropdown menu, choose whether you want this white box to show up on the left or right side of your carousel slide.
- The "Background Image" field is where you will upload your picture for the carousel slide. This step is optional.
- Optimum image dimensions are ~2000px wide by ~750px tall.
- Make sure it's optimized to be the smallest file size.
- Allowed file types: png, gif, jpg, and jpe.
- Select a "Background Color" from the dropdown menu. This color will only show up if you did not upload a background image.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Definition of the noun Althos obscurator
What does Althos obscurator mean as a name of something?
Althos obscurator is a species of Althos, described by Fabricius in 1803.
- synonyms: species Althos obscurator / Coreus obscurator / species Coreus obscurator / Margus impudens / species Margus impudens / Margus obscurator / species Margus obscurator
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Insecta
- order: Hemiptera
- family: Coreidae
- genus: Althos
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Althos obscurator
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Laws of Men and Laws of Nature by Tal Golan, Harvard University Press, £32.95/$49.95, ISBN _PHONE_
THIS fascinating history of scientific expert testimony explores the relations between science and law in the courts of England and America over the past two centuries. It covers the late-18th-century court case over the supposed causes of the decay of Wells harbour in Norfolk, on England's east coast; the difficulties of distinguishing human from animal blood in the 19th century; the gradual acceptance of X-ray, photographic and other "silent witness" evidence in the 20th century; and the unsettled debate over the accuracy of lie-detector tests.
The Daubert versus Merrell Dow case in 1993 established the criteria that US trial judges use to determine the quality of scientific evidence. For anyone who finds themselves at the ever-controversial interface between science and the law, this book provides invaluable context and a most...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Invigilator Research Network
The Invigilator Research Network is a working group of artist/invigilators seeking to illuminate and complicate relationships between labour conditions, hierarchies, institutional practices, surveillance mechanisms and arts economies.
IRN's members regularly exploit and interrogate their wage-labour day jobs for the benefit of artistic practices. As professional art-observers, paid to watch and be forever vigilant in the presence of art, IRN activities manifest relationships between artwork, capital, and artworking. Explorations span multiple (and multiplying) platforms including academia, activism, fine art practices, fashion and live events.
IRN's explicit aim is to make tangible the links between invigilation, art making, pay-per-hour and a neoliberalised cultural sector. Considering the artist as a networked thinker, IRN aims to raise questions surrounding the meaning of creating and consuming in an age of insecurity, economic and cultural polarisation and opportunity.
Built with


text:
Serbia: Value of the transmission capacity available for transactions30. June 2016. / News Serbia Energy
Comparison of methods for calculating the value of available transmission capacity of bilateral and multilateral transactions by applying metaheuristic methods was analysed in the paper by Darko Sosic and Ivan Skoljev, from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade. Given that a universal metaheuristic method has not been made so far providing best solutions for each given problem, the authors compared the results obtained by applying the three methods: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Black Hole Algorithm (BH) and the Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithm (GWO). In their paper Determination of the Transmission Capacity Value Available for Transactions by Applying New Optimization Methods, the authors present the results on a standard test network, IEEE 30 busbar system, mostly used in professional literature to resolve such problems. This paper was presented at the CIGRE Serbia Conference, organised for the 32nd time by the Serbian National Committee of CIGRE on Zlatibor in May 2015.
One of the basic divisions of metaheuristic optimization methods is based on the idea of genetics, evolution, principles of physics and animal behaviour. Sosic and Skokljev describe one method from each group: Genetic Algorithm, Black Hole Algorithm and the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm. After analysing the available transmission capacity, which is a measure of the remaining transmission capacity for further trade besides the already established and reserved capacity, the paper presents the results of research.
Comparison of optimization methods was performed using the results obtained by applying the method of recurring power flows. By using the AC coefficients of sensitivity, the upper limit of the independent variables in the optimization process was determined. When calculating the value of the ATC, individual outages of all transmission system branches were respected. Each of the optimization algorithms incorporates the possibility of automatic correction of the independent variables upper limit.
Although the calculation of individual transactions optimization methods require more time than using the RPF method, this method can be easily upgraded in order to calculate the optimal allocation of generation and consumption of multilateral transactions in order to transfer large quantities of electricity, as well as for troubleshooting transmission network congestions, transmits Serbia-energy.eu
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A Novel Rounding and Truncation based Approximate Multiplier for Reducing the Number of Partial Products
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A Novel Rounding and Truncation based
Approximate Multiplier for Reducing the
Number of Partial Products
M.Sudheer Kumar Reddy
Electronics & Communication Engineering
JNTU Kakinada
Kakinada, India
Abstract— In this paper, we present an approximate multiplier in which operands are scaled with truncation and rounding parameters and multiplication is performed by shift, add, and small fixed-width multiplication operations ensuring large improvements in the energy consumption and area occupation related to those of the original multiplier approach. The scalability depends on the truncation and rounding parameters which can be varied as per the requirement. By implementing the truncation and rounding parameters the levels in obtaining final result can be reduced compared to that of exact multiplier schemes. Enhancement of this work is done by improving the accuracy of the proposed multiplier and implemented in range of 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit by comparing the terms like delay, power and absolute error analysis. The proposed work is designed using VHDL, simulated with Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx ISE design suite 14.2 tool
Keywords— Truncation, rounding, approximate, VHDL, partial products, accuracy, absolute error, energy, scalable
In considering the deep submicron technology, power has become a main concern due to increase in transistor count, higher speed of operation and greater device leakage currents. Scaling in nanometer technologies created problems in reliability and testing. So deep submicron technology has much leaned towards power. Commercial success of products depends on size, speed, weight, cost, computing power and battery life. Many DSP applications involve complex probabilistic mathematical models and are designed to process information that typically contains noise. So, for some computational error, they exhibit elegant degradation instead of catastrophic failure. Multipliers are one of the data path operators which occupy major share in a digital system. So, hence a multiplier is one of the deciding factor for system's performance. In addition, these multipliers consume most of the area. Hence, optimization of area and speed of a multiplier is a major design issue.
Approximate computing is a paradigm where we can reduce energy consumption or boost up the speed at times both. By using the approximation techniques in multiplier techniques one can have the advantage of low energy consumption or high speed. As these computations results in approximate results which are very near with the exact computation, these are best choice for the applications which are error resilient. Most of the recent trending technologies like machine learning, computer vision and image processing are some of
E. Venkata Narayana
Electronics & Communication Engineering
JNTU Kakinada
Kakinada, India
the areas where applications are designed to deal with noisy inputs and generate satisfactory results as shown in fig 1.
Fig 1. Hardware stack in exact and approximate computing [1] In several cases the best useable algorithms cannot acquire exact results every time, occasionally it is besides expense to produce optimal results when dealing meta-heuristics and probabilistic algorithms. Insofar, the designers have largely adopted a notion of exact numerical or Boolean equivalence between the implementation and specification at different layers in the hardware and software stacks. Approximate computing focuses at multiple layers of the hardware/software stacks to trade-off computation accuracy with performance, power, and/or area.The table 1 presents the types of approximations where in the schemes can be applied to various levels of the stack to achieve desired outcomes. In this work we mainly rely on the data approximation as the input data will be truncated to small widths and the shift unit logic is altered with logic 1 to observe reduced absolute error.
The multiplier is used mainly in respective DSP applications and contributes in intensifying the performance of the practical application. This work includes the implementing both truncation and rounding schemes on input operands and produce the approximate results in minimum number of steps in which they are very near to the exact multiplication approach, additionally calculating the absolute error for the 8bit, 16-bit and 32-bit of the proposed multiplier scheme in accordance with exact result and enhance the absolute error by modifying the least significant part of the multiplication process.
IJERTV9IS110249 _URL_
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
_URL_ ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 11, November-2020
Selective Approximation Analysis of software code or instructions to suggest a certain accuracy mode for a part of code
Timing Relaxation Relaxing of synchronization, timing and handshaking constraints to reduce control overhead
Functional Approximation An approximate alternative of an algorithm that improves area/power performance
Domain Specific Approximation Leveraging the domain specific knowledge for approximations in applications and their algorithms
Data Approximations Use of unreliable memories, load value approximation, data truncation, data decimation, etc.
Table 1. Categorization for the types of approximation
In general, the process of multiplication involves partial products generation from the acquired operands and cumulate those partial products to a level till two rows are persisted. Now by employing an adder the remained rows adds up to generate final result. The process of approximation can be carried out in any levels of the multiplication process. One can use approximation in the beginning of the process i.e. on the operands to reduce the partial products number for a multiplier. The process of approximation can be applied at cumulation of partial product to reduce the power consumption. By employing an approximate adder at the ultimate step of adding we can achieve betterment in power consumed by a multiplier.
In this paper, we introduce an approximation method for reduced number of partial products by considering truncation and rounding parameters which are denoted by t and r respectively. Previous methods of approximation techniques involves employing either truncation or rounding parameters. In this work, by considering both the parameters we can achieve better outcomes than former methods. Let A and B be two 16 bit operands, multiplication of A and B results 256 partial products. Hence by processing all the 256 partial products we get the result and it occupies large area. So to reduce the partial products we employ scalable truncation and rounding parameters as per the requirement. Let us consider the truncation parameter t = 7 and rounding parameter r = 3 as illustrated in the figure shown below.
The green square represents the "1" in the equation (5) and the orange circles denotes the partial products of approximation and the blue triangles denotes the truncation of bits of input operands. The remaining grey triangles of the operands and the grey circles of the partial products can be neglected. With truncation and rounding parameters mentioned in fig.2 only 31 partial products are required to produce approximate result which is very close with exact. Around 87.8% of the partial products were reduced. This reduction of partial products will increase with increase in bit length of operands.
Block diagram implementation of the proposed signed approximate multiplier is shown in fig.3 which comprises of following units: Approximate Absolute Unit (AAU), which produces inverted results if the input is negative and is not changed if input is positive. For unsigned multipliers this AAU can be eliminated. Leading One Detector Unit (LOD) will provide the leading 1-bit position in the most significant part of the operands. The position of the LOD can be obtained by using
K[i] =
^ I[i] for 0 ≤ i ≤ n-2 (1) Only one bit of the signal K is '1' which says about the
position of the leading bit. For both operands A and B there exists leading bits kA and kB respectively. Truncation Unit (TU) deals with truncating the approximation inputs based on leading one position and converts into fixed width operands. Arithmetic Unit (AU) will implement the addition of truncated fixed width operand along with product of approximated input with unity which can be expressed as TU = 1+(YA)t+ (YB)t+ (YA)APX × (YB)APX (2)
Shift unit (SU) shifts the resultant of arithmetic unit with ka+kb times leftwards to generate the result. Sign And Zero Detector Unit (SZD) produces the sign of the output based on the input operands of the multiplier. SZD will produce zero if any of the input is zero. In case of unsigned multiplication this unit is replaced by zero detector unit.
Fig. 3. Block diagram of proposed signed approximate multiplier
Fig 2. Dot diagram of multiplier
IJERTV9IS110249 _URL_
_URL_ ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 11, November-2020
Numerical Example of Proposed Multiplier:
Fig 4. Example for 16-bit approximate multiplier
The approximate result [(A × B)APX] = 28901376. Whereas the exact multiplication result [(A × B)Exact] = 29190802. The approximate results are very close to the actual results.
To measure the accuracy of the proposed approximate multiplier we use a parameter named absolute error which is specified as shown below
Absolute error (AE) = (Papp – P)/p (3)
Papp denotes approximate value and P denotes exact value.
Percentage of absolute error can be calculated as
Percentage of AE = [ |(Papp – P)|/ P ] *100 (4)
In considering the calculation of 16-bit multiplier in above section the percentage of absolute error is


text:
Solid radioactive wastes should consist of dry contaminated laboratory materials, equipment, and supplies such as paper, unbroken glass, and plastic products.
HMM provides 7.5 gallon and 28 gallon yellow fiber drums for solid low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal.
Segregate solid radioactive wastes by radionuclide(s). Please see the Table of Acceptable Segregation Categories for LLRW. (Use a separate drum for each category).
- Ensure yellow fiber waste drum is lined with large plastic bag prior to discarding solid wastes into fiber drum
- Fill out a Container Label (instructions) and attached to the designated location on upper side of the large yellow fiber drums (lower side of small fiber drums).
Designated location for the container label
- Fill out a LLRW Manifest (instructions).
- Perform a contamination survey on the exterior of each waste container (instructions).
- Do not discard radioactive material as normal trash.
- Do not use translucent or opaque bags (eg. Biohazard waste bags, etc.) to discard radioactive wastes into yellow fiber drums. (Note: use clear bags only).
- Do not deface or write directly on OSEH yellow fiber drums. (Note: drums are reused).
- Do not overfill and/or underfill yellow fiber drums.
- Do not discard the following materials into OSEH yellow fiber drums:
- Non-radioactive wastes (eg. paper towels, boxes, etc);
- Stock vials or other containers which contain standing liquids (>0.5 ml/container);
- LSC vials (empty or full);
- Lead, leaded materials, or large contaminated metal objects (Note: request a special collection);
- Chemicals or chemically soaked materials;
- Biological wastes (eg. carcasses, blood, tissue, organs, urine, feces, bedding, etc).


text:
While the native task manager and
htop utility that are shipped with most desktop Linux distributions are adequate for a general overview of system resources, they don't provide a great UI for delving into the deeper metrics.
It would be really neat to have an ultra-detailed overview of system metrics across CPU/RAM/Disk, networking, cgroups, applications proceses, etc.
While the installation of Netdata is geared towards servers, it's pretty straightforward to install it on your Linux desktop to achieve the same effect. So why reinvent the wheel?
Open up a terminal, and run the following command:
bash <(curl -Ss _URL_
That will build Netdata from source (probably asking for sudo permissions mid-way) based on your Linux distribution, and install the correct system services and a monitoring dashboard that you can immediately access via
You might want to head over to Netdata's Security Overview in order to set sensible defaults. I would recommend just ensuring that the web interface is accessible only from localhost using the following edits to the
[web] allow connections from = localhost
Now that you can get pretty sweet performance insights across every aspect of your system, you may want to consider the following:
That is all. Have a nice day.


pH scale ( Read ) | Chemistry | CK-12 Foundation
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pH scale
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The pH Scale
Why is grapefruit juice acidic?
Grapefruit juice has a pH of somewhere between 2.9-3.3, depending on the specific product. Excessive exposure to this juice can cause erosion of tooth enamel and can lead to tooth damage. The acids in grapefruit juice are carbon-based, with citric acid being one of the major constituents. This compound has three ionizable hydrogens on each molecule which contribute to the relatively low pH of the juice. Another component of grape juice is malic acid, containing two ionizable hydrogens per molecule.
The pH Scale
Expressing the acidity of a solution by using the molarity of the hydrogen ion is cumbersome because the quantities are generally very small. Danish scientist Søren Sørenson (_PHONE_) proposed an easier system for indicating the concentration of H + called the pH scale. The letters pH stand for the power of the hydrogen ion. The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.
pH = -log[H + ]
In pure water or a neutral solution the [H + ] = 1.0 × 10 -7 M. Substituting into the pH expression:
pH = -log[1.0 × 10 -7 ] = -(-7.00) = 7.00
The pH of pure water or any neutral solution is thus 7.00. For recording purposes, the numbers to the right of the decimal point in the pH value are the significant figures. Since 1.0 × 10 -7 has two significant figures, the pH can be reported as 7.00.
A logarithmic scale condenses the range of acidity to numbers that are easy to use. Consider a solution with [H + ] = 1.0 × 10 -4 M. That is a hydrogen-ion concentration that is 1000 times higher than the concentration in pure water. The pH of such a solution is 4.00, a difference of just 3 pH units. Notice that when the [H + ] is written in scientific notation and the coefficient is 1, the pH is simply the exponent with the sign changed. The pH of a solution with the [H + ] = 1 × 10 -2 M is 2 and the pH of a solution with the [H + ] = 1 × 10 -10 M is 10.
As we saw earlier, a solution with the [H + ] higher than 1.0 × 10 -7 is acidic, while a solution with the [H + ] lower than 1.0 × 10 -7 is basic. Consequently, solutions whose pH is less than 7 are acidic, while those with a pH higher than 7 are basic. The Figure below illustrates this relationship, along with some examples of various solutions.
The pH values for several common materials.
 - The concept of pH is defined.
 - pH values for several common materials are listed.
 - What is a buffer?
 - How much more acidic is vinegar than grapefruit?
 - How much more basic is soapy water than milk of magnesia?
 1. What is one value of using pH instead of molar concentrations?
 2. Is coffee an acidic or a basic substance?
 3. If a material has a pH of 9.3, is it acidic or basic?
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Scandinavian art and architecture
The Renaissance and Baroque Period
Foreign stylistic influence persisted through the Renaissance and baroque periods, the North German school of Lübeck becoming more and more the chief source for Scandinavian styles. Castles such as Gripsholm exemplify this borrowing habit. Great castle-building activity was instigated by the Danish and Swedish rulers of the 16th to 18th cent.; outstanding examples include Kronborg (c.1570–1590) and Fredriksborg (c.1560–1620) castles and the rebuilt castle of Stockholm (1690–1708; 1727–53).
Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Scandinavian art and architecture The Renaissance and Baroque Period from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: European Art to 1599


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"Integrating Borders": Informational Video on the Binational Work of Costa Rica and Panama
The video "Integrating Borders" recounts the history, activities and future course of the Costa Rica-Panama Convention on Border Development
January 2013. The Costa Rica-Panama Convention on Border Development was signed May 3, 1992, in the community of Sixaola, Republic of Costa Rica, by Costa Rican President Rafael Angel Calderón Fournier and the President of the Republic of Panama, Guillermo Endara G.
As stated in the Convention, the objective is to expand, improve and deepen cooperation relations in all areas, and to contribute significantly to social, economic, commercial, environmental and political development and improvement in general of the border region, and to strengthen the process of integration between the two countries.
The video "Integrating Borders" is a historical and informational account of what the Border Convention is, main actions that have been and will be implemented, and all of the participatory binational coordination between Costa Rica and Panama during the last two decades.
This activity is framed within the alliance forged between the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Executive Secretariats of the Costa Rica-Panama Border Convention, as part of the projects "BRIDGE: Building River Dialogue and Governance" (supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation -SDC) and "Water Management for Adaptation to Climate Change" (Supported by the German government through ICI-BMU)
To watch the video click here
For more information write to _EMAIL_


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Why are there no Enotes for 'The Owl in the Shower' and 'Pirates of the Caribbean Jack Sparrow Silver' These are text for 5th grade?
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The simple answer to this is that guides on these texts have not been requested and/or written. The e-notes editors respond to demand: we answer questions posed and produce assignments and teaching guides on texts requested by e-notes users. The request can come from students or education professionals. If you require specific detail, I suggest you ask a specific question on a text; if you requre a teaching guide I advise that you contact Scott Locklear to add your requested text(s) to the assignment lists.
As editors we are always ready to meet demand. Ask away - I am sure that some of my esteemed colleagues will be able to help you.
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If an increasing process $X_t$ has a known Laplace transform $\mathbb{E} e^{-s X_t} = m_t(s)$, define its hitting time $\tau$ to some level $B$ to be $$ \tau = \inf\{ u > 0 : X_u \geq B \}. $$ Can we express the Laplace transform (or its CDF) of $\tau$ in terms of $m$?
In particular, I am interested in the hitting time of the integrated CIR process $$ X_t = \int_0^t V_s \ ds $$ where $$ dV_t = (\alpha V_t + \beta) dt + \gamma \sqrt{V_t} dW_t. $$ The Laplace transform of $X_t$ is known in closed-form in this case, and given by $$ m_t(s) = \mathbb{E} e^{-s X_t} = \left( \frac{e^{-\alpha t/2}}{\cosh(Pt/2)-\frac{\alpha}{P}\sinh(Pt/2)} \right)^{2\beta/\gamma^2} \exp\left(-\frac{s V_0}{P} \frac{2 \sinh(Pt/2)}{\cosh(Pt/2)-\frac{\alpha}{P} \sinh(Pt/2)}\right) $$ where $P = \sqrt{\alpha^2 + 2 \gamma^2 s}$.
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Maybe this question should be asked on MSE or even on mathoverflow. – user8 Jul 1 '13 at 8:35
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World Giving Index
The World Giving Index is a Charities Aid Foundation report into charitable giving worldwide. The index uses data from Gallup and looked at three different areas of charity. Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they have undertaken in the past month:
- donated money to an organisation?
- volunteered time to an organisation?
- helped a stranger, or someone they didn't know who needed help?
In 2011 New Zealand and Australia came at the top with 57% score followed by Ireland and Canada second equal and the United States and Switzerland third. It should be noted that the index reports on individual charitable giving and not as a nation so government pledges of aid are not included in the index.


, update, delete
as external name [AuditCommon].[AuditCommon.Triggers].AuditCommon
Now you are ready to test. Perform updates, insertions, and deletions and watch the AUDIT table fill up! Here are some sample tests:
-- Test "update"
update ADDRESS set City = 'New City 4' where AddressID = 4
-- Test "insert"
insert into ADDRESS
 'Inserted Address 1',
 'Inserted City 1',
 'Inserted StateProvince 1',
-- Test "delete"
delete from address where AddressID = 8
TECH NOTE 1: In this example we use the SQL Management Studio to deploy the assembly, the trigger, and the test code. The built-in Visual Studio deployment and testing mechanism will NOT work with the generic trigger because that mechanism requires that you specify a particular table in the metadata of your trigger routine, and of course our purpose here is to avoid supplying such data.
TECH NOTE 2: The CLR trigger routine relies on a field naming convention to extract the target table name because the "TableName" fields (i.e. DataTable.TableName in the code) of the "inserted" and "deleted" trigger tables are not being properly populated by SQL Server with the name of the target table (ironically these pseudo-tables contain essentially all the information you could want to know about the target table except its name). The convention involves using the table name as part of the name of the first (key) field. Obviously if your database does not employ such a convention, this trigger routine will be unable to provide the table name in your audit table. We have been informed by Microsoft that in a future release, the table name may be provided somewhere within the trigger context, but this capability will not be present in the initial release of SQL Server 2005.
NOTICE: The original version of this article was first published at in October of 2005.
Total article views: 18364 | Views in the last 30 days: 19
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Alan Leo facts for kids
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Alan Leo
Alan Leo
William Frederick Allan
(1860-08-07)August 7, 1860
Died August 30, 1917(1917-08-30) (aged 57)
Occupation Astrologer
Alan Leo, born William Frederick Allan, (Westminster, 7 August 1860 – Bude, 30 August 1917), was a prominent British astrologer, author, publisher, astrological data collector and theosophist. He is often referred to as "the father of modern astrology".
His work stimulated a revival of astrology in the Western world after its decline at the end of the 17th century. Leo was a devout theosophist and he worked many of its religious concepts such as karma and reincarnation into his astrology. He used the Theosophical Society's vast international connections to publish, translate and disseminate his work across Europe and America.
Astrological technique and influence
Alan Leo's natal chart
Leo, who took the name of his sun-sign as a pseudonym, is credited with starting the movement towards a more psychologically-oriented horoscope analysis in astrology, being the first astrologer to argue for a loose interpretation of possible trends of experience rather than the specific prediction of events. His influence has been described as marking a 'turning point' in horoscope delineation, because, as astrological historian James Holden explains:
Thereafter, what has been more recently called "event-oriented" astrology gradually receded in favor of character analysis and vague descriptions of possible areas of psychological harmony or stress.
In 1890, Leo, invited George R.S. Mead to found an occult lodge in Brixton, South London. Towards the end of his life, in 1909, and again in 1911, Leo travelled with his wife to India where he studied Indian astrology. As a result of his studies in India, he later attempted to incorporate portions of Indian astrology into the western astrological model.
Leo's book The Art of Synthesis (1912) was a probable influence on Gustav Holst's work The Planets. In this book, Leo gave the planets descriptions such as "Mars the Energiser".
In 1915 Leo founded the Astrological Lodge of London.
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text:
Dining Table With Bench Seating ( Bench Seating Dining Table #23)
Howdy guys, this post is about Dining Table With Bench Seating ( Bench Seating Dining Table #23). It is a image/jpeg and the resolution of this picture is 1023 x 768. It's file size is just 121 KB. If You decided to download This post to Your computer, you have to Click here. You could also download more pictures by clicking the photo below or read more at here: Bench Seating Dining Table.
Description of [keyword]
Diningdine (dīn),USA pronunciation v., dined, din•ing, n.
- to eat the principal meal of the day;
- to take any meal.
- to entertain at dinner.
- dine out, to take a meal, esp. the principal or more formal meal of the day, away from home, as in a hotel or restaurant: They dine out at least once a week.
Tableta•ble (tā′bəl),USA pronunciation n., v., -bled, -bling, adj.
- an article of furniture consisting of a flat, slablike top supported on one or more legs or other supports: a kitchen table; an operating table; a pool table.
- such a piece of furniture specifically used for serving food to those seated at it.
- the food placed on a table to be eaten: She sets a good table.
- a group of persons at a table, as for a meal, game, or business transaction.
- a gaming table.
- a flat or plane surface;
a level area.
- a tableland or plateau.
- a concise list or guide: a table of contents.
- an arrangement of words, numbers, or signs, or combinations of them, as in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form;
a synopsis or scheme.
- (cap.) the constellation Mensa.
- a flat and relatively thin piece of wood, stone, metal, or other hard substance, esp. one artificially shaped for a particular purpose.
- a course or band, esp. of masonry, having a distinctive form or position.
- a distinctively treated surface on a wall.
- a smooth, flat board or slab on which inscriptions may be put.
- the tablets on which certain collections of laws were anciently inscribed: the tables of the Decalogue.
- the laws themselves.
- the inner or outer hard layer or any of the flat bones of the skull.
- a sounding board.
- the upper horizontal surface of a faceted gem.
- a gem with such a surface.
- on the table, [Parl. Proc.]
- [Brit.]submitted for consideration.
- turn the tables, to cause a reversal of an existing situation, esp. with regard to gaining the upper hand over a competitor, rival, antagonist, etc.: Fortune turned the tables and we won. We turned the tables on them and undersold them by 50 percent.
- under the table:
- as a bribe;
secretly: She gave money under the table to get the apartment.
- wait (on) table, to work as a waiter or waitress: He worked his way through college by waiting table.Also, wait tables.
- to place (a card, money, etc.) on a table.
- to enter in or form into a table or list.
- [Parl. Proc.]
- [Chiefly U.S.]to lay aside (a proposal, resolution, etc.) for future discussion, usually with a view to postponing or shelving the matter indefinitely.
- to present (a proposal, resolution, etc.) for discussion.
- of, pertaining to, or for use on a table: a table lamp.
- suitable for serving at a table or for eating or drinking: table grapes.
Withwith (with, wiᵺ),USA pronunciation prep.
- accompanied by;
accompanying: I will go with you. He fought with his brother against the enemy.
- in some particular relation to (esp. implying interaction, company, association, conjunction, or connection): I dealt with the problem. She agreed with me.
- characterized by or having: a person with initiative.
- (of means or instrument) by the use of;
using: to line a coat with silk; to cut with a knife.
- (of manner) using or showing: to work with diligence.
- in correspondence, comparison, or proportion to: Their power increased with their number. How does their plan compare with ours?
- in regard to: to be pleased with a gift.
- (of cause) owing to: to die with pneumonia; to pale with fear.
- in the region, sphere, or view of: It is day with us while it is night with the Chinese.
- (of separation) from: to part with a thing.
- against, as in opposition or competition: He fought with his brother over the inheritance.
- in the keeping or service of: to leave something with a friend.
- in affecting the judgment, estimation, or consideration of: Her argument carried a lot of weight with the trustees.
- at the same time as or immediately after;
upon: And with that last remark, she turned and left.
- of the same opinion or conviction as: Are you with me or against me?
- in proximity to or in the same household as: He lives with his parents.
- (used as a function word to specify an additional circumstance or condition): We climbed the hill, with Jeff following behind.
- in with. See in (def. 22).
- with child, pregnant.
- with it:
- knowledgeable about, sympathetic to, or partaking of the most up-to-date trends, fashions, art, etc.
- representing or characterized by the most up-to-date trends, fashions, art, etc.
- with that. See that (def. 10).
Benchbench (bench),USA pronunciation n.
- a long seat for several persons: a bench in the park.
- a seat occupied by an official, esp. a judge.
- such a seat as a symbol of the office and dignity of an individual judge or the judiciary.
- the office or dignity of various other officials, or the officials themselves.
- the seat on which the players of a team sit during a game while not playing.
- thequality and number of the players of a team who are usually used as substitutes: A weak bench hurt their chances for the championship.
- [Informal.]See bench press.
- Also called workbench. the strong worktable of a carpenter or other mechanic.
- a platform on which animals are placed for exhibition, esp. at a dog show.
- a contest or exhibition of dogs;
- [Phys. Geog.]a shelflike area of rock with steep slopes above and below.
- a step or working elevation in a mine.
- berm (def. 2).
- on the bench:
- serving as a judge in a court of law;
- [Sports.](of a player) not participating in play, either for part or all of a game.
- to furnish with benches.
- to seat on a bench or on the bench: an election that benched him in the district court.
- to place (a show dog or other animal) in exhibition.
- to cut away the working faces of (a mine or quarry) in benches.
- to remove from a game or keep from participating in a game: to be benched because of poor hitting.
Seatingseat•ing (sē′ting),USA pronunciation n.
- an act or instance of furnishing with, assigning, or escorting to a seat.
- the arrangement of seats in a theater, stadium, etc.
- material for seats, esp. upholstery.
Among the things that define the Bench Seating Dining Table's sweetness is the design of the area. One of the subjects that we should attempt may be the bohemian model. Even though the Bohemian empire has long been extinct, the world neighborhood within this style's choices nonetheless have not faded. Especially if you combine it having a minimalist style that's straightforward, but still crosseyed.
- of or pertaining to seats or those who are sitting: the seating plan of a theater.
This can be it room decor minimalist-style Bohemian. Simple steps to do boho chic will be to display your products. Rings, earrings, bracelets and connections usually are located in a box, wear it a hook. It may be on the wall hanger or around the table. Wallpaper flowered or ethnic motifs in lively colors could make attractive and your area abruptly boho.
Not everything Bench Seating Dining Table within the category. Bohemian style bedroom is not just like decorating fashion happy teenis space. Bohemian favor feminism and Western racial personality that is sturdy. Do not neglect to put one or two potted flowers that are indoor while in the room. Flower may expire. But, it'd be greater if you use live plants being a languagein law, cactus, clinging or holding flowers.
Bohemian right into a fashion which can be primarily utilized by girls. This design is used via as, a female structure, such lace, braid, embroidery, travel. Motif helping suzani, fabrics georgia, and bohemian fashion kantha case. If it's hard to find, employ batik or just two colors bright batik periphery.
Elegant motifs and textures may be used through bed sheet, the bedcover, cushion, layer, place, or carpet. Bohemian came from mainland Europe, specially the Czech. Therefore, whenever choosing form and a style towards the


You are here:Home > US > All U.S. Products > U.S. Insignia > Rank Insignia
Narrow Your Results:
Original Rank Insignia Officer Rank Rayon Chevrons
Wool Chevrons Khaki Chevrons
About WWII Army Rank Chevrons
The US Army used a series of chevrons sewn on each sleeve to denote the ranks of PFC (private first class) up through all NCOs (Non-commissioned officers = Sergeants). Officers used collar insignia, not chevrons.
There are several types of chevrons used during WWII. As usual, reality and living historian fantasies often clash. Here is the historical reality. The three main styles of chevrons are wool, rayon and khaki.
In principle:
Khaki Chevrons were only for the khaki summer uniforms.
Wool Chevrons were for the Service Coats, Wool Shirts and "Ike" Jackets.
Rayon Chevrons were for Field Jackets.
However, in practice, the wool and rayon stripes can be found, originally sewn, on every style of uniform in the Army inventory. Khaki stripes are occasionally found on field and paratrooper jackets- I haven't seen them on wool shirts of service coats, but I wouldn't rule it out. There were also stencil kits issued allowing stripes to be painted directly onto field uniforms. Our grandfathers knew that rules are meant to be broken and often did so.
There is often some confusion on the background color of the wool and rayon insignia. It is actually a dark navy blue. Some appear to be black, and but in direct sunlight you can see that they are actually blue. The stripes themselves vary widelymany shades of olive or khaki can be found on originals. (Khaki chevrons use olive stripes on khaki background. The shade of olive varies greatly.) They were made by the million, so this is hardly a shock.
Again, being made by the million, there are numerous differences between manufacturers. Some are sewn, some folded, the weave varies, and many were sub-contracted in England. Left over insignia from World War One was also used, adding still more possibilities.
ATF reproductions:
In all cases, we copied originals. I chose those I consider to be among the most typical US produced varieties. All are excellent and very, very close to the original.
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PFC (Khaki)
Price: $9.99
Corporal (Khaki)
Price: $11.99
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Price: $11.99
Captain Rank
Price: $4.99
Major Rank
Price: $4.99


text:
100+ Morning Messages for Children, Teachers, and Principals
By: Lori Schneider, Ed.D
About the Book
100+ Morning Messages for Children, Teachers, and Principals:
Principals or Teachers can meet with students each morning using these ready-made messages By Dr. Lori Schneider
As students grow and advance in their educational career, there are many lessons that they learn. The lessons can also be used in their adult lives. To help these lessons spread and teach kids learning strategies, Lori Schneider has written a book of the best learning strategies for students of all ages. These will help students improve their social, emotional, behavioral, and intellectual growth.
About the Author
Lori Schneider has been in the education system for 28 years. She has been a teacher, assistant principal and now has been a principal over the last 14 years. While she is not watching her students grow into amazing adults, she loves to ski or go to the ocean.
(2020, Paperback, 54 Pages)


text:
BIOPHYSICS SEMINARStructural Determinants and Functional Consequences of Protein Partitioning to Membrane Domains
The organization of metazoan membranes into functional domains is a key feature of their physiology. A subset of these domains, known as membrane rafts, has been implicated in a large variety of processes occurring at the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms by which raft domains regulate cell function remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that membrane raft association is a necessary and sufficient sorting signal for cell surface localization of integral membrane proteins, and that this raft association is governed by the properties of the protein transmembrane domain. These results begin to define the physical bases for protein raft affinity and establish lateral domain formation in membranes as a mechanism for biosynthetic sorting in mammalian cells.


text:
To the editor:
Let me add my voice to that of Douglas County Commissioner Charles Jones, who reminded us all that the beauty of the night sky needs to be protected from light pollution (Journal-World, July 29).
The Heritage Baptist Church might do well to reflect on the opening verses of Psalms 19:
"The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge." The night sky is our universal heritage, and nocturnal illumination of Old Glory should not be allowed to dim the eternal glory of the heavens.


text:
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The Scarlett Letter and Their Eyes Were Watching God compare and contrast
The first 200 words of this essay...
English 1HL, Period 1
25 January 2008
Comparing and Contrasting the Use of Symbols to Embrace Thematic Ideals of Female Oppression in The Scarlet Letter and Their Eyes Were Watching God
English novelist, Virginia Woolf once said "The history of men's opposition to women's emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself. Within Hawthorne's The Scarlett Letter and Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Woolf's statement is truly evident. As a whole, both novels have a central focus of the oppression of women in society. Both novels contain the central theme of female oppression manifested throughout the whole novel. Throughout Hurston's, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter, both authors employ the use of symbols to embrace the thematic ideal of female oppression.
In the two novels, hair, and the confinement of that hair effectively acts as symbols of female oppression. At the beginning of the novel as Hester descends down the path of judgmental woman, the author makes an observation about the "dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This page is about the Automatic Activation Device for parachutes. For the tree family, see Cupressaceae. For the Mediterranean island, see Cyprus. For the law doctrine, see Cy-près doctrine.
CYPRES 2 Student panel
CYPRES is an acronym for Cybernetic Parachute Release System. It refers to a specific make and model of an automatic activation device (AAD), a device that automatically activate a parachute (typically as a reserve system for a skydiver) under certain circumstances. A CYPRES is designed to activate the reserve parachute at a preset altitude if the rate of descent is over a certain threshold. The manufacturer of the CYPRES is Airtec.
The CYPRES works by using a cutter to cut the reserve container closing loop. A spring-loaded pilot chute then leaves the container and breaks through the skydiver's slipstream to begin reserve deployment.[1]
The CYPRES comes in four different models: Expert, Student, Tandem and Speed. The basic operation of the units is the same; only the activation parameters are different, having been optimized for different types of skydiving.
External links[edit]


text:
Linearization of Bayesian Robustness Problems
Nov 30 1990
One way to assess the dependence of the posterior on the choice of prior is to compute bounds of posterior expectations as the prior varies over a class of priors. We show how a simple linearization technique is useful for simplifying these computations in a wide variety of problems. This technique involves converting a single, non-linear optimization into a set of linear optimization. Our goal is to show the breadth and simplicity of the algorithm by showing how it may be applies in many situations. It has been suggested that Bayesian robustness problems may be built up sequentially, in the sense that constraints on the prior may be added one at a time, and the bounds on the posterior expectations may be examined at each stage. We will demonstrate that the linearization algorithm makes this approach tractable. We also show that approximately each step in the linearization algorithm can lead to accurate approximations to posterior bounds.
Keywords:Bayesian robustness, linearization, upper and lower probabilities


text:
Jump to:Page Content
Home > Closing Gender Gaps
The Women and Public Policy Program of Harvard Kennedy School closes gender gaps in economic opportunity, political participation, health and education by creating knowledge, training leaders and informing public policy and organizational practices.
We look at what policies, organizational structures and leadership techniques help close involuntary gender gaps, those that occur due to constraints rather than choice, either due to explicit barriers (laws or the absence thereof) and/or implicit barriers (stereotypes, biased judgements and discrimination).
Conducting research to provide evidence-based insights and recommendations, we identify small to large scale successful interventions, while examining the impact of closing gender gaps.
Business Case Conference
What is the economic value of gender diversity in organizations, politics and society? To explore this question, WAPPP hosted a two-day conference in October 2010 to explore the economic value of gender diversity in organizations, politics and society.
Oval Office student training
From Harvard Square to the Oval Office is a non-partisan initiative that trains Harvard graduate students to run for all levels of political office.
Closing the Global Gender Gap
Closing the Global Gender Gap Initiative (CGGGI) aims to conduct, foster and support research on closing gender gaps in economic opportunity, political participation, health and education, to identifying ground-breaking, replicable interventions.


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FLIP Turns 50! Navyâ€™s Floating Instrument Platform One Half Century Old
The Navy's Floating Instrument Platform, better known as FLIP, went into service fifty years ago, in 1962. Â The 355-foot research vesselÂ is capable of operatingÂ horizontallyÂ as a conventional, ifÂ somewhatÂ odd-looking, ship. When on station, however, it "flips" vertically 90 degrees and becomes the equivalent of a massive sparÂ buoy. Â Because the hydrodynamic forces act primarily on the bottom of the vessel, which is far below the surface waves, the ship is highly stable in heavy seas and up to 80′ waves.
You'd think a ship designed after a baseball bat would go over like a foul ball when it comes to seaworthiness, but research ship FLIP has been a hit since its launch 50 years ago.
Operated by Scripps and owned by the U.S. Navy, the 355-foot FLIP was designed by Phillip Rudnick, Fred H. Fisher, and Fred N. Spiess, and first tested in July 1962 as part of an anti-submarine rocket program. It was recently shown off in the Pacific for its birthday.


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Color symbolism in India dates back to ancient times. It was mainly linked to the three Gunas (qualities) – the combinations of which directed the flow of movement in the Universe.
In this guide, we will dive deep into the color symbolism associations in the Indian subcontinent and discuss what the main colors represent traditionally. An understanding of this can help one understand India's culture and also give an insight into its caste system.
The link between Gunas and Color Symbolism in Hindu Philosophy
As stated earlier, Indian philosophers believed there was a link between the creation of the Universe with the three Gunas. The three Gunas or qualities are: tamas or darkness, rajas or passion, and sattva or essence. This became the basis and origin of Indian color symbolism.
The link between the three Gunas and colors are as follows:
- Tamas – almost always black. The color of denial, negativity, death, and decay.
- Rajas – associated with red. The color of passion, anger, energy, fire, and activity.
- Sattva – associated with white. It is the exact opposite of black symbolism.
The Indian traditions started associating color with the emotional state. This gave the white color of sattva the highest honor. As a result; white started being associated with the Brahmins or priests – the caste known for its intelligence, privileges, and all things good. This association between white and priesthood and sattva remained unchanged for millennia.
What do different colors mean in Indian culture?
Let us take a closer look at the individual color meanings in India.
For Indians, the color red ignites a divine spark. This rich color is associated with Indian weddings. Traditional Hindu brides still wear red on their wedding day. The groom also adorns the bride's forehead with red vermilion as a symbol of marriage, prosperity, fertility, and marital bliss.
Red is the symbol of the married woman whose husband lives. Widows were forbidden to wear red and were forced to wear white. Red is also the color of the base chakra, the mooladhara, which links us to Mother Earth and also to our survival instincts.
In Hindu astrology, red is also linked with Mangal Graha or planet Mars. When Mars dominates in one's horoscope, that means there may be problems. A Manglik (a person where Mars dominates) can only marry a Manglik having a similar horoscope.
The feminine power or Shakti, the Divine Goddess Herself, is associated with red. Red is also the color of Kali's tongue. It denotes anger, power, passion, blood, and feminine mysticism. Quite contradictorily, it also stands for love.
While the modern meaning of this color is peace, in India, traditionally, the color was linked to the higher castes.
White today, is linked with mourning. It is the color worn at wakes and funerals. In early times, Satis widows were forced to wear white and the color became associated with mourning and death for several decades until the cruel practice was put to an end.
As explained earlier, white also stands for Sattva or truth and detachment. It also represents calmness, brightness, and luminosity of knowledge. Enlightened gurus prefer wearing white robes even today.
Saffron or orange became the symbolic sacred color of Hindus. Yogis, gurus, and 'men of God' wear saffron robes paired with bright saffron turbans. Saffron is also the color of the Hindu fundamentalist political parties and the current ruling party. The color features dominantly in the Indian flag. Saffron color in the Indian flag symbolizes courage and renunciation.
The Sanskrit word for saffron is 'naranga'. Its root meaning comes from Dravidiannaru– meaning fragrant. It is believed that, along with oranges (fruit), the word went on to be featured in Persian language. Later on, Italy, Hungary, and France also adopted it – the Italian 'narancia' and French arancia – stand for oranges. The Tamil language is one of the oldest Dravidian languages spoken in South India. It uses the word arancu (for orange) as well.
Today, we know that saffron or orange color is a combination of red and yellow and therefore it is a union of love and wisdom.
Green has varied symbolic associations in India. Predominantly though, it is the color of Islam. While Muslims are a minority in the country, green color associations with this religion are still strong and predominant.
In the Indian flag, a green-colored strip at the bottom stands for Nature. Deccani brides also wear green for symbolizing fertilityunlike red which is worn by brides elsewhere in the nation.
Blue has diverse meanings in Hindu traditions. Some Brahmins refuse to wear blue because the dye used in the color had the potency to kill organisms. On the other hand, there are some groups which wear blue to ward off the evil eye.
Blue is also the color of Lord Krishna. In religious art, the blue form of Krishna wearing yellow robes symbolizes the transcendent, infinite reality reduced to a finite being. Blue is also the color of the sky, the ocean, and 'infinity'.
In Indian art and religion, yellow is the color of haldi or turmeric. Haridra, the Sanskrit word for turmeric, means 'the golden one'. Yellow also represents earth and sand. The color has deep significance at Indian weddings. Brides wear yellow outfits during their 'haldi' ceremony when turmeric and sandalwood paste is anointed on their bodies for radiant glow.
Yellow has deep religious significance too. In the past, only the Vaishya Varna (the Vishnu worshiping sect of India) wore yellow. Lord Krishna's pitamber (holy robes) are typically depicted in yellow to represent his transcendence from infinite to finite being.
In parts of Rajasthan, indigo tinted water is applied to the chest of a child suffering from a cold. This is because colds are believed to come from the North, from the sky, and the direction of the brahmans. Indigo color has the power to drive away impurity, evil, and disease brought about by the brahmans. A cotton thread dyed in indigo was also tied around a newborn's waist to ward off evil eye.
So strong was the impurity of indigo that it even tainted its lighter shades. No Hindu woman would wear a light blue sari if her husband was alive because the color was associated with mourning. Widows were allowed to wear light blue plastic bracelets on special occasions.
In India, early color symbolism was distinctly linked to social groups, caste hierarchy, and birth. Each varna or caste had its symbolic color: white for brahmins, red for kshatriyas (the warriors), yellow for vaishnavas, and blue-indigo for the Shudras (the lowest caste – the untouchables). In general, it can be said that what was dyed was considered impure, while what was the purest (white) was unadulterated and connected to detachment.
Light, vivid, and bright colors like pink, yellow, red, and orange were also linked to happiness, prosperity, and passion. Turmeric yellow was linked to fortunate wives (soubhagyavati), and saffron yellow evoked the sacrifice of heroic warriors. When Rajput cities were besieged by enemies, they wore saffron or kesariya colors. Women called their husbands kesariya to denote their sexual potency. Dark colors like dark blue, dark green, and brown were linked to inferior status, misfortune, defilement, and infamy.
We hope you enjoyed this brief guide on Indian color meanings and symbolism. Next, read about the Indian color festival Holi.


Article For
1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
Replication: Conflicts
In a replicating system, it is possible that two writes to the same document will occur on two different servers, resulting in two independent versions of the same document. Usually this scenario shows up only when there was a network or node failure that resulted in the failover node taking over the duties of the failed / unreachable node. Another scenario where this may happen is if you have setup replication in a master/master format, where a user may write any document to any node.
When replication occurs between these two versions, the Replication Bundle is faced with a problem. It has two authentic versions of the same entity, saying different things. At this point, the Replication Bundle will mark such document as conflicting, store all the conflicting documents in a safe place, and set the document content to point to the conflicting documents.
Let's see what we mean by that. Let's assume that we write the following document to one node:
Figure 1: Replication conflicts
And then write this document to a second node:
Figure 2: Replication conflicts
Now, let us setup replication between the first server (8080) and the second server (8081), and then try to access the document again on 8081:
Figure 3: Replication conflicts
Several things happened here:
 - The server replied with 409 Conflict to the request.
 - The document that we get back is a Conflict Document, which lists all the ids conflicting documents.
We can access each of the conflicting documents by their ids:
Figure 4: Replication conflicts
Figure 5: Replication conflicts
We can resolve the conflict by writing a new document, which the Replication Bundle will consider as the result of user defined merge operation between the conflicts.
The Client API fully supports working with such scenarios, as the following code sample demonstrates:
using (IDocumentSession session = store.OpenSession())
 User user = session.Load("users/ayende");
 catch (ConflictException e)
 Console.WriteLine("Choose which document you want to preserve:");
 List list = new List();
 for (int i = 0; i < e.ConflictedVersionIds.Length; i++)
 var doc = store.DatabaseCommands.Get(e.ConflictedVersionIds[i]);
 Console.WriteLine("{0}. {1}", i, doc.DataAsJson.ToString(Formatting.None));
 int select = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
 JsonDocument resolved = list[select];
 store.DatabaseCommands.Put("users/ayende", null, resolved.DataAsJson, resolved.Metadata);
If this code detects a conflict, it will let the user choose which of the conflicting versions to keep. A more sophisticated approach would be to attempt going through an actual merge based on the business meaning of the document.
Document Conflict listeners can be used to perform an automatic conflict resolution. More about it can be found here.


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Debugging GPU Code in Microsoft C++ AMP
Now, it's time to run code on the GPU to calculate the sum of the three arrays. Concurrency::parallel_for_each invokes a parallel computation of a kernel function (that is, a function designed for execution on the GPU) over a compute domain on an accelerator_view. sum.extent is the extent that represents the set of indices that form the compute domain. A lambda expression is the function object that performs the parallel computation and receives idx (index<1>). Visual Studio 2013 also includes enhancements that reduce the parallel_for_each launch overhead in the C++ AMP runtime compared with the previous runtime version.
 sum[idx] = a[idx] + b[idx] + c[idx];
Notice that restrict(amp) indicates that the chunk of code is to be executed in an AMP accelerator, and therefore, it won't be possible to debug this piece of code when you debug the code that runs on the CPU. If you establish a breakpoint at the line sum[idx] = a[idx] + b[idx] + c[idx], you will see the invalid breakpoint icon with the following message: The breakpoint will not currently be hit. No executable code of the debugger's target code type is associated with this line. Possible causes include: conditional compilation, compiler optimizations, or the target architecture of this line is not supported by the current debugger code type.
By default, when you start a new C++ project, the debugger type is set to Auto, and therefore, you will be limited to CPU debugging when you have C++ AMP code. To check your current settings, access the project properties and then select Configuration Properties | Debugging | Debugger Type. As I mentioned earlier, if you are executing Visual Studio 2013 on Windows 8.1, you can use the WARP accelerator to debug both CPU and GPU code. However, right now I want to focus on debugging CPU code, and therefore, I will discuss WARP accelerator later.
Naturally, when you debug CPU code, it is possible to start executing the _tmain function step-by-step. The code that generates the C++ AMP objects within the amp_sum function also runs on the CPU, and therefore, the last line in which you will be able to set a breakpoint at is sum.discard_data();. This optimization hint will be the last line executed in the CPU before parallel_for_each invokes the parallel computation of the kernel function over the compute domain. Thus, if you want to inspect the values of the different array_view instances before the GPU executes the kernel, that line of code is the appropriate place to set a breakpoint at (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: Checking the contents of a array_view before the C++ AMP runtime launches the kernel.
While debugging, you must take into account that each parallel_for_each call launches as an asynchronous operation. However, the execution will end before the amp_sum function returns, and therefore, the valuesAPlusBPlusC array in the _tmain function will display the results of the sum generated by the code executed in the GPU. Thus, you will be able to inspect valuesAPlusBPlusC if you set a breakpoint at the line with the for loop that prints the results within the _tmain function.
Debugging GPU Code
Once you check the input and the output for the kernel, you can relaunch the debugging session with new settings to debug the kernel code. Access the project properties, select Configuration Properties | Debugging | Debugger Type and change the setting from Auto to GPU Only. The Debugging Accelerator Type will change to GPU - Software Emulator, and the GPU Default Breakpoint Behavior will be set to Break once per warp. First, I will use the default settings that specify that a breakpoint event should be raised only once per warp. Then, I will show the differences with the other available setting, which breaks with every thread, similar to the CPU behavior.
Now, let's set a breakpoint at the following line within the parallel_for_each invocation, in the amp_sum function: sum[idx] = a[idx] + b[idx] + c[idx];
When we start debugging the application, the debugger will stop at that breakpoint. Select Debug | Windows | GPU Threads to activate the GPU Threads window (see Figure 2). The GPU software emulator allows you to work with four threads, and therefore, you will see 4 threads in the Thread Count column for the amp_sum::I3 Location. You can debug the kernel code in a similar way than you're used with multithreaded CPU code. You can use the Parallel Stacks window to check the threads launched in the GPU and the Locals window to inspect the contents for the different array_view instances (see Figure 2). The first time the debugger hits the breakpoint, you will see the ten values for sum set to 0. You can also use the Parallel Watch window to freeze and thaw GPU threads as you are used with CPU threads.
Figure 2: Debugging the kernel code with the Locals, Parallel Stacks (Threads view), and GPU Threads windows.
If you press F5 (Continue), you will notice that the first four values for sum are filled:
 - sum[0]: 111
 - sum[1]: 222
 - sum[2]: 333
 - sum[3]: 444
As I mentioned earlier, the GPU software emulator is working with four threads and the GPU Default Breakpoint Behavior is set to Break once per warp. The warp size is 4, so when the debugger hits the breakpoint again, the GPU software emulator has already executed four threads that completed the first four sum values.
The GPU Threads window provides valuable information for understanding the C++ AMP code. Click on the Expand Thread Switcher button located at the upper left corner and a new panel displays the thread number that is active in the debugger and the range for the index. Figure 3 shows Thread 4 as the active thread and the information about the Range: 0..9. Thus, the debugger is sitting on the line that will calculate the value that will be stored in sum[4] because idx is equal to 4.
Figure 3: The GPU Threads window with the expanded thread switcher and the Parallel Watch 1 window. The active thread is #4 (Thread[4]).
You can activate another thread in the debugger by entering the desired number in the Thread textbox within the thread switcher. For example, if you enter 5 and press Enter in the Thread textbox, the debugger will switch to thread #5, idx will be equal to 5 and the displayed line will be calculating the value that will be stored in sum[5]. However, take into account that you are working in the warp that has four threads, which means that you can debug threads 4, 5, 6 and 7. You cannot go to thread #8 yet. You can also select Debug | Windows | Parallel Watch | Parallel Watch 1 and see the list of the four active GPU threads: [4], [5], [6], and [7]. I find it easier to see and select the active thread by using the Parallel Watch 1 window instead of the GPU Threads window.
If you press F5 (Continue), you will notice that the first eight values for sum are filled:
 - sum[0]: 111
 - sum[1]: 222
 - sum[2]: 333
 - sum[3]: 444
 - sum[4]: 555
 - sum[5]: 666
 - sum[6]: 777
 - sum[7]: 888
This time, there are going to be two active GPU threads: [8] and [9]. Finally, the code will use these two threads to calculate the last two values.
If you don't feel comfortable with the debugger executing a maximum of four threads per breakpoint hit, you can change the debugging settings to make the GPU default breakpoint behavior to break for every thread. Access the project properties, select Configuration Properties | Debugging | GPU Default Breakpoint Behavior and set it to Break for every thread (like CPU behavior). This way, you will work with just one thread at a time and it will be easier for you to debug certain algorithms.
As you can see from this simple example, Visual Studio 2013 makes it easy to debug C++ AMP code. In fact, you can debug GPU code in a similar way to how you debug multithreaded CPU code. However, things become a bit more complicated when you use the GPU programming performance optimization technique called tiling.
In the next article, I'll explain how Visual Studio 2013 C++ AMP debugging capabilities help you to understand and debug code that uses tiling optimizations. The GPU code is going to be more complex than the example explained in this article and it will be necessary to use additional helpers to simplify the debugging session.
Related Article
Debugging 256 GPU Threads in Visual Studio 2013
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Remix: 9 Roles for Creating Results or Growing a Team with Esther Derby
January 28, 2020
Today we're throwing it back again, this time to our 100th episode where Esther Derby joined us. Esther is an esteemed guide and consultant, specializing in teamwork optimization. She is on a mission to change work environments so that teams and individuals can flourish. In this episode, we discuss responsibility for results versus responsibility for improvement, in terms of management and team style. Esther gives us an overview of the nine-quadrant role statement and how this could be applied in various work contexts. It is fundamental to define and clarify roles not only because it removes uncertainty but also to address differences in expectation. This is not to say that one role is better than another, but rather that they are equally different. Esther also walks us through what makes great teams, how to effectively implement change, and much more. Programming is a team sport and these lessons are useful for any work situation you may find yourself in. Be sure to tune in today!
Key Points From This Episode:
 - Learn more about what Michael's time on paternity leave was like.
 - An introduction to Esther and the work that she currently does.
 - Find out what Esther's six rules for change are and how they relate to improvement.
 - Discover more about the nine-quadrant role statement and the various applications.
 - The benefits of having clearly defined roles and why no role is better than another.
 - How to uncover people's roles on a project and get them to where they need to be.
 - William explains how he tackles pair programming and the partner role.
 - Why Esther believes that focusing on building a team helps individuals improve.
 - Great teams take advantage of the individual members' strengths and compensate for weaknesses.
 - Some effective ways to work on communication aside from mob programming.
 - How Pixar and William effectively implemented egoless reviews on their teams.
Transcript for Episode Remix: 9 Roles for Creating Results or Growing a Team with Esther Derby
[0:00:00.8] MN: Hey, you all. Mike here.
[0:00:02.7] DA: And Dave as well.
[0:00:03.6] MN: Oh, yeah. We're here. If you're listening to this, this is a remix of one of our previous episodes that we want to highlight from the past year. Today, we're talking about the episode 100.
[0:00:16.9] DA: It was a big year.
[0:00:17.5] MN: It was a big year. 100, I remember doing the intro for that particular episode in the bathroom of my house, just hiding from my child.
[0:00:26.6] DA: Hiding from my child who can potentially cry as I wanted to celebrate with all of you, the fact that we actually were able to hit episode 100. Thank you for listening. The episode is nine roles for creating results, or growing a team with Esther Derby.
[0:00:41.9] MN: Yeah. Esther's really great. She's a very good explainer of concepts. I really liked the discussion that we had around these different hats that we put on every day as co-workers. Particularly if you're a consultant, these are different roles that you might see, but I think they apply to everybody and to software engineering.
[0:01:08.1] DA: Yeah. I mean, Esther is definitely a friend of the show. Every time she jumps on the podcast, it's always a great learning experience. We hope that if you are unable to listen to this episode that you appreciate some of the gems that she drops during this episode.
[0:01:24.9] DA: Yeah. She just came out with a new book last summer, called 7 Rules for Positive, Productive Change.
[0:01:29.9] MN: Nice.
[0:01:31.0] DA: Definitely check that out too.
[0:01:32.3] MN: Yeah. We'll probably put the link in the show notes, if necessary. We hope you enjoy the show.
[0:01:37.4] DA: Hey, folks. Thanks for tuning into the 100th episode of The Rabbit Hole. We never would have made it this far without the support of our colleagues, guests, listeners and of course, our fearless leader and host, Michael Nunez. Before we get started with the episode, we have a special update straight from the Bronx on babies, software, and otherwise in the long road to 100. Here we go.
[0:01:58.1] MN: Hey, there. Michael Nunez from The Rabbit Hole. Just a few updates as I've been out for some time. As you may know, I've been on paternity leave. Me and my wife have been spending our time raising baby Giovanni and has been quite an experience I've never felt before.
Oftentimes, you hear software engineers mentioned in a particular part of the application that they've built their "baby." It's a feature, or an entire part of the site. I totally understand what that phrase comes from, but it's not the same. With your "baby" as you're building this feature, you probably have a test environment that you're running your tests and ensuring that your "baby" is doing whatever it is that you want it to do.
It's a nice area that you can try and figure out how it would behave and no one out in the public would ever see those changes as you're building them. Me on the other hand had a completely different experience with Baby Giovanni. There are a ton of books that contradict each other. Baby Giovanni is essentially production. I have to figure out ways to ensure and appease Baby Giovanni. If that includes bouncing, singing, walking around to get him to be happy, then I'm ready to do that. Everything feels all under the gun and you have to make sure you can do it as fast as possible.
One thing that he really likes is that when I carry him and do squats, he seems to enjoy himself. My legs are going to be hella swoll when I come back to The Rabbit Hole. Maybe I'll send a picture and put it on Twitter for you guys. We have a voice-mail number. Feel free to hit us up on the normal channels, which right now is Radio Free Rabbit at Our voice-mail number is _PHONE_. We'd love to hear your thoughts and questions over voicemail as we figure out other channels to receive your feedback. Again, the number is _PHONE_.
Last but not least, a really big thank you. Thanks to both Dave Anderson and William Jeffries in building The Rabbit Hole to what it is right now. I can't imagine that it would be where it is without them. They've been great at contributing and even right now, holding it down. Great, great stuff. I never would have thought that we would make it as far as we have right now without them.
All the editors throughout the way, you probably listened to the first episode and our sound was very different to what it sounds like now. That's thanks to the people responsible for making me sound smart and making the podcast sound amazing.
Last but not least, to all of our listeners. A really big thank you to all of you who subscribe. If you would have asked me two years ago, I would not have thought that I would be part of a podcast that would have 100 episodes. We did it, 100 episodes. Holy crap. I would not have been able to do that without Dave, William, our regular guest, shout out to Emmanuel and many others, and our honorable guests who have appeared on the show.
With that being said, let's dive right in to episode 100 of The Rabbit Hole.
[0:05:18.5] DA: Hello and welcome to The Rabbit Hole, the definitive developer's podcasts in fantabulous Chelsea, Manhattan. I'm your host, Dave Anderson. With me today, I have –
[0:05:27.1] SM: Stephen Meriwether.
[0:05:28.5] WJ: And William Jeffries.
[0:05:29.6] DA: Today, we will be discussing responsibility for results versus responsibility for improvement, in terms of your management and team style and what forms and shapes that takes. With us today, we have the esteemed Esther Derby. How are you doing, Esther?
[0:05:47.9] ED: I'm great. I made it home through the snow, so all is well.
[0:05:54.3] DA: Yeah. Unlike in New York, where we just get snow for a brief duration and then ice and gross stuff after that. I guess it seems that in Minnesota, they have real snow.
[0:06:06.2] WJ: Yeah. It's like a 7-11 slushy mixed with dirt.
[0:06:12.1] DA: That's not the romantic snow. Why don't you introduce yourself for folks who might not be familiar?
[0:06:17.8] ED: Sure. Well, I started my career as a programmer, so I had that in my background. I haven't written code for a while, but that's how I started. I did some testing, because we always used to test our own code. I was a team


Any single hair from anywhere on the human body can be used to identify a person.
This conclusion is one of the key findings from a nearly year-long study by a team of researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) Forensic Science Center (FSC) and Michigan State University.
The team's study, published in Scientific Reports could provide an important new avenue of evidence for law enforcement authorities in sexual assault cases
In 2016, FSC scientists developed the first-ever biological identification method that exploits the information encoded in the proteins of human hair from people's heads. This forensic science breakthrough provides a second science-based, statistically validated way to identify people and link individuals to evidence in addition to DNA profiling.
"This new paper focuses on elucidating more of the hair protein chemistry and its effects on the protein marker identification," said chemist Fanny Chu, the paper's lead author, a graduate student at Michigan State University and a Livermore Graduate Scholar, a program that allows Ph.D. students to work on their thesis at LLNL.
"We've already shown that we can use human hair from people's heads for identifying people. Now the question arises: Can you get the same identification information from hair in other body locations?
"In this paper, we studied arm and pubic hair compared with head hair. We found that arm and pubic hair essentially give us the same information as head hair," Chu continued.
It is anticipated by the LLNL-Michigan State team that the "real relevance" of their research could come in helping law enforcement authorities investigate sexual assault cases, said paper co-author and FSC chemist Deon Anex.
"Pubic hair from an assailant can often be found during an examination of a sexual assault victim. Because of this research, the analysis of protein identification markers in such pubic hair could someday be used as evidence in criminal cases," Anex said.
Based on the protein content of the hairs, the forensic scientists indicated that they also can determine whether an individual hair is from a person's head, arm or pubic area.
"The specific levels of the individual proteins that constitute human hair vary by body location," Chu said.
The team discovered that the protein content of pubic hair is significantly higher than head and arm hair, according to Chu, who noted this means more protein markers can be found, making the individual profiles more discriminating.
Through the first few years of the Lab's research (2013-2016) into using protein markers from human hair to identify people, the researchers used multiple hairs for their samples. They were able to find enough markers to provide a unique pattern for an individual that would distinguish that person among a population of 1 million.
Now, six years after starting their research, the Livermore team can use a single one-inch strand of hair to identify one person from among 10 million people.
"We've worked to refine the technique so we could do our analysis with only one human hair, which is more forensically relevant," Anex said. "Our expectation is that with further work, we should be able to achieve the 1 in 10 million identification ratio for single hairs from other body locations, especially pubic hair."
Provided by: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
More information: Fanny Chu et al. Hair Proteome Variation at Different Body Locations on Genetically Variant Peptide Detection for Protein-Based Human IdentificationScientific Reports(2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44007-7
Image: Livermore Graduate Scholar and chemist Fanny Chu is part of a team that found that any single hair from anywhere on the human body can be used to identify a person. The team's study could provide an important new avenue of evidence for law enforcement authorities in sexual assault cases.
Credit: Julie Russell/LLNL


text:
|Feather Key Joints - Course: Techniques of fitting and assembling component parts to produce simple units. Trainees' handbook of lessons (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 19 p.)|
The present handbook is meant for practical vocational training in fields where - in additional to manual and mechanical metal working - mastery of assembly operations is required.
It describes the various kinds of joint that can be made with feather keys and profile shafts according to the function of the respective component groups.
The making and detaching of feather joints are explained by their major sequences of operation. In support, each section is followed by control questions the answering of which enables the trainee to check his knowledge.


text:
Nov 10, 2009, 6:09 AM
Post #3 of 7
Re: [DivyaG] 'constant' in perl
[In reply to]
Can we define any variable as constant in perl (just like const in C and Java), so that its value cannot be modified throughout the program?
There are two techniques to get unmodifiable values in Perl: 'use constant;' and 'use Readonly;'
The pragmatic constant is part of the standard Perl installation and is available to any script. It creates a sub that returns the value. It can be used anywhere a sub can.
perl -e 'use constant PI=>atan2(0,-1); print PI, "\n"'
Running the deparser on it, you can see the sub. You can also see that the compile phase replaces the sub with the value for faster execution.
perl -MO=Deparse -e 'use constant PI=>atan2(0,-1); print PI, "\n"'
Readonly is a module available from CPAN: _URL_
What is does is tie into the variable and disables its ability to change. This adds some execution overhead every time the variable is used.
It biggest drawback is that Readonly must be installed on every system where the script runs.
I love Perl; it's the only language where you can bless your thingy.
Perl documentation is available at perldoc.perl.org. The list of standard modules and pragmatics is available in perlmodlib.
Get Markup Help. Please note the markup tag of "code".


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Assembly.LoadFrom Method (String, Evidence, Byte[], AssemblyHashAlgorithm)
Loads an assembly given its file name or path, security evidence hash value, and hash algorithm.
Namespace: System.Reflection
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public static Assembly LoadFrom(
 string assemblyFile,
 Evidence securityEvidence,
 byte[] hashValue,
 AssemblyHashAlgorithm hashAlgorithm
Type: System.String
Type: System.Security.Policy.Evidence
Evidence for loading the assembly.
Type: System.Byte[]
The value of the computed hash code.
Type: System.Configuration.Assemblies.AssemblyHashAlgorithm
Return Value
Type: System.Reflection.Assembly
The loaded assembly.
assemblyFile is null.
A file that was found could not be loaded.
The securityEvidence is not ambiguous and is determined to be invalid.
assemblyFile is not a valid assembly.
The assemblyFile parameter is an empty string ("").
The assembly name is longer than MAX_PATH characters.
Whether certain permissions are granted or not granted to an assembly is based on evidence. The rules for assembly and security evidence merging are as follows:
 - When you use a LoadFrom method with no Evidence parameter, the assembly is loaded with the evidence that the loader supplies.
 - When you use a LoadFrom method with an Evidence parameter, pieces of evidence are merged. Pieces of evidence supplied as an argument to the LoadFrom method supersede pieces of evidence supplied by the loader.
 - If you call this method more than once on the same assembly but with a different evidence specified, the common language runtime does not throw a FileLoadException because the equality and integrity of the different evidence specifications cannot be determined. The evidence that first succeeds is the evidence that is used.
 - When you use a LoadFrom method with a Byte[] parameter to load a common object file format (COFF) image, evidence is combined. Zone, Url and Site are inherited from the calling assembly, and Hash and StrongName are taken from the COFF assembly.
 - When you use a LoadFrom method with a Byte[] parameter and Evidence to load a COFF image, only the supplied evidence is used. Evidence of the calling assembly and evidence of the COFF image is ignored.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
The Use of Image and Point Cloud Data in Statistical Process Control
Megahed, Fadel M.
MetadataShow full item record
The volume of data acquired in production systems continues to expand. Emerging imaging technologies, such as machine vision systems (MVSs) and 3D surface scanners, diversify the types of data being collected, further pushing data collection beyond discrete dimensional data. These large and diverse datasets increase the challenge of extracting useful information. Unfortunately, industry still relies heavily on traditional quality methods that are limited to fault detection, which fails to consider important diagnostic information needed for process recovery. Modern measurement technologies should spur the transformation of statistical process control (SPC) to provide practitioners with additional diagnostic information. This dissertation focuses on how MVSs and 3D laser scanners can be further utilized to meet that goal. More specifically, this work: 1) reviews image-based control charts while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages; 2) integrates spatiotemporal methods with digital image processing to detect process faults and estimate their location, size, and time of occurrence; and 3) shows how point cloud data (3D laser scans) can be used to detect and locate unknown faults in complex geometries. Overall, the research goal is to create new quality control tools that utilize high density data available in manufacturing environments to generate knowledge that supports decision-making beyond just indicating the existence of a process issue. This allows industrial practitioners to have a rapid process recovery once a process issue has been detected, and consequently reduce the associated downtime.
- Doctoral Dissertations


text:
- Berberis thunbergii is a small deciduous shrub from 2-8 ft. (0.6-2.4 m) tall. The thin, grooved branches have thin, straight spines. Berberis thunbergii is very shade-tolerant and can form dense stands which shade out and displace native species.
- The leaves are up to 1 in. (24 mm) long and paddle-shaped.
- The pale-yellow flowers occur in drooping clusters of 2-5 and develop in mid-spring to early summer.
- The berries ripen to a bright red color and are 0.25-0.3 in. (7-10 mm) long.
- Ecological Threat
- Berberis thunbergii invades a variety of habitats from shaded woodlands to open fields and wetlands. Berberis thunbergii is rapidly spread by birds that eat the berries thus dispersing the seeds. It is native to Asia and was first introduced into The United States in 1864 as an ornamental. It is still widely planted for landscaping and hedges.
Zouhar, Kris. 2008. Berberis thunbergii, Fire Effects Information System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
Global Invasive Species Database. 2011. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission
Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
University of Connecticutt Database of Trees, Shrubs and Vines
Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Invasive Plant Atlas of New England
University of Florida IFAS Extension
CABI Invasive Species Compendium
Ohio State University
USDA NRCS PLANTS
USDA ARS GRIN
Images from Bugwood.org


text:
Right from the start, the electricity supply network has been the backbone of growth and development in South Australia.
In its early days, the arrival of electricity supply rapidly improved the quality of life of South Australians.
As South Australia matured, the expanding transmission network opened up new industries and opportunities. Today, our modern transmission network continues to support South Australians by providing safe, affordable and reliable energy solutions to power homes, businesses and the economy.
In 1998, the South Australian Premier, John Olsen, announced the privatisation of the Electricity Trust of South Australia (ETSA). The subsequent separation and sale saw the establishment of ElectraNet. The distribution network retained the name, trading under ETSA Utilities, now known as SA Power Networks.
On 31 October 2000, ElectraNet began trading as a private company, operating South Australia's high-voltage electricity transmission network.
The building that hosts ElectraNet's corporate headquarters in Rymill Park was built in 1908, and was originally used as an electrical converter station for Adelaide's horse-drawn tramway system. The construction of the converter station was one of the first steps in the modernisation of what was Adelaide's major form of public transport at the time.
In 1984, the building was registered for State Heritage. It's a rare example of a building type that became obsolete due to technological and architectural changes. The designers of the original converter station, English and Soward, also created many other original foundations for the East End cultural precinct of Adelaide.
Rymill Park sits on the eastern fringes of Adelaide's central business district. This area of Adelaide boasts historic charm with modern sophistication. Adelaide's East End features original 19th century architecture contrasting with ultra-modern interiors – and ElectraNet's corporate headquarters is no exception.
South Australia's electricity journey started back in 1885, when J.W.H Hullet became the first person to light a private residence through what was known as a hydro-electric plant. But it wasn't until 1897 that the South Australian Parliament passed a bill to form a privately owned electricity company to generate and transmit power to the Port Adelaide area.
The demand for electricity soared throughout the early 1900s. By 1917, electricity supplies had been extended to Norwood, Unley, Hindmarsh and Thebarton, and the demand was so high that the powerhouse that had initially been built in Grenfell Street needed to expand its capacity. By 1923, a further power station was built in Osborne to cope with customer demand.
The 1920s saw new transmission lines being built, expanding out past the metropolitan area. By the Second World War, transmission lines were delivering power to the farmlands of South Australia, providing electricity to industrial sites and important war-effort supply stores.
Eventually, the South Australian Government reasoned that adequate, reliable and centrally planned electricity supply was key to the growth of the state's industry and agriculture. The Government formed the Electricity Trust of South Australia (ETSA) and nationalised privately owned electricity companies.
During the 1950s, the Port Augusta power stations came online and the Power Line Carrier communications system was first used to relay a conversation between Northfield and Port Augusta. It enabled the remote operation and monitoring of the transmission network. ElectraNet has the largest private telecommunications network in the state.
The Northern Power Station was commissioned in 1985 to supply additional base load power. The connection between Adelaide and Port Augusta was also reinforced to meet the growing demands of metropolitan Adelaide. Around the same time, an agreement was made to connect the transmission networks of Victoria and South Australia, and an interconnector was built in Heywood, Victoria.
ElectraNet enters the story in 1998, when the South Australian Premier, John Olsen, announced the privatisation of ETSA. We began trading as a private company in 2000.
In 2005, Cathedral Rocks became the first wind farm connected to ElectraNet's transmission network. We have become the largest connector of wind generation in Australia, and the second largest wind-to-load ratio in the world.
With demand for electricity continuing to grow in South Australia, we bolstered the high-voltage supply to Adelaide CBD with a new underground cable in 2011. Our commitment to providing stable, reliable, and high quality electricity continues, with the interconnector in Heywood next in line to be upgraded in the near future, to increase the capacity in both directions by 40%.
You can learn more about South Australia's electrical history and defining moments by reading 'Our Heritage'.