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Setting the Threshold of Understanding – the CMSL Principle
A Common problem
Setting the threshold of understanding is a problem that everyone who conducts a mental capacity assessment faces. Occasionally, we are lucky and the courts have already set that for us (see IM v LM & Others (2014) for the threshold in relation to sexual relationships)
In my book 'Grandpa on a Skateboard' I talk briefly about the need to ensure it is not set too high or too low (PH and a Local Authority v Z Limited & R EWHC 1704 (Fam)) and using the 'man on the Clapham Omnibus' principle i.e. what would you expect the average man on the street to know. Whilst this is undoubtedly useful, it can still leave people struggling, which is why I have developed the CMSL principle.
The CMSL Principle
CMSL stands for Concept, Mechanics, Short term and Long term. It is my experience that when setting the threshold of understanding, every decision can be broken down into the four areas. This then makes it much easier to identify what the person should be expected to understand for each element and how you would expect them to demonstrate it. You will find that every decision will have a different weighting on each of the elements and so therefore still requires some subjectivity from the assessor. You must still be mindful not to set the bar too high or low but by using the CMSL principle it will ensure that you have considered all the aspects of the decision to be made before setting the threshold.
Let's consider the decision of whether an individual has the capacity to make decisions about their property and financial affairs. Using the CMSL principle we can break it down into the following questions/ areas of understanding (please note, the questions noted below are not intended to be definitive);
Concept: What is money? Where does it come from? The fact that it is finite in nature
Mechanics: How do you practically get your money? How do you invest? What are the practicalities of managing money?
Short term: This would cover day to day budgeting. What does the person need to know or demonstrate in relation to this?
Long term: This would cover the longer term investment of larger sums of money, for example a compensation payment.
Setting the threshold of understanding is always going to contain an element of subjectivity. The CMSL Principle will help you to break down the threshold into its constituent parts and enable you to demonstrate how and why you have set the threshold at the point that you have done.


text:
Book your Level 1 course
The Level 1 tennis coaching course is the starting point for people who want to get into tennis coaching.
- Motivating and inspiring people to play tennis
- Using effective verbal and non-verbal communication skills
- Organising tennis activity constructively and safely
- Planning and delivering structured lessons using LTA Level 1 coach resources

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Painting Lines for Football
Date: 6/3/96 at 18:16:4 From: George Dickenson Subject: Painting a field A football field is 120 yards long with 10 yards at each end zone, and 60 yards wide with lines marked 5 yards apart except for the end zones. One can of paint will stripe 300 linear feet. How many cans would it take to stripe a football field?
Date: 6/14/96 at 0:56:23 From: Doctor Brian Subject: Re: math problems There are two sidelines 120 yards long. Or is it 140 - that is, does the 120 include the end zones or not? There are then either 23 or 27 stripes for yard lines, depending on whether the field is 120 or 140 yards long. To determine the total length of the lines we either have: (2*140) + (27*60) = 280 + 1620 = 1900 yards or (2*120) + (23*60) = 240 + 1380 = 1620 yards. Since each can paints 100 yards, divide into the total number of yards to get either 19 or 16.2 cans. -Doctor Brian, The Math Forum Check out our web site! _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
Ask Dr. MathTM
© _PHONE_ The Math Forum

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Work Status and Its Determinants Among Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. A Systematic Literature Review
ANNELIES BOONEN, HENRICA de VET, DÉSIRÉE van der HEIJDE, and SJEF van der LINDEN
ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate work status and its determinants among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Objective. To evaluate work status and its determinants among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Methods. A systematic literature review of original studies published after 1980 in which work status in AS was an outcome. Medline was searched and references of retrieved reports were checked for additional studies.
Results. Sixteen full articles and 2 abstracts were identified, describing work status in 14 patient groups. Employment ranged from 34 to 96% after 45 and 5 years disease duration, respectively, and work disability from 3 to 50% after 18 and 45 years disease duration, respectively. Days of sick leave varied from 12 to 46 days per patient per year among those who had a paid job. Determinants of work status were reported in 9 studies. Age, education, and physical function were shown to be associated with work disability, while peripheral joint disease was associated with sick leave.
Conclusion. Results on work status show considerable variability due to heterogeneity of patient populations studied, but also because of large variation in choices and definitions of endpoints. The absence of data referring to a reference population and failure to adjust results for age and sex are striking. Although standardization in analyzing and reporting data on work status is badly needed, it is clear that work disability and sick leave in AS are substantial. (J Rheumatol 2001;28:1056-62)
Key Indexing Terms:


The Landscape of Business Growth for Oil and Gas Upstream Companies: A case from Japan
Fumihiko Matsubara
Why is Japan, the 4th largest oil consumer in 2016, unable to develop a globally competitive oil and gas upstream company? This paper suggests that the Japanese government should merge two oil companies, which are both under governmental control, Inpex and Japex. The analysis revisits the 2008 debate on strategies between CERA, an esteemed energy consulting company in the US, and a group of Japanese scholars. CERA suggested that Japanese energy companies should acquire a large equity stake upfront in new exploration projects and sell to new investors as the potential identified by exploration grows. Alternatively, a group of Japanese scholars suggests Japanese energy companies should acquire oil and gas upstream projects that are close to the end and adapt Japanese technology for increased and enhanced oil recovery. Desk research and interviews with four experts were conducted for this study and it was found that both strategies are necessary.
Keywords: Japanese oil and gas upstream companies, Growth of business
JEL Classifications: Q40, Q48
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text: A Current Transformer is a form of sensor used to measure current through a wire or cable. Typically they will be used to sample a portion of current through a conductor and provide current feedback without connecting directly to the circuit, so they provide isolation too. But they are made of wire that will have reactance. Other current sensors like the Hall Effect do not have reactance and are much faster in response to actual changes in the conductor being measured, but are also much more expensive to use. This help?


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The physician's workplace simplifies the patient's information search, the physician's examination data input and any patient document creation.
Application also allows quick lab data input, video and images acquisition (as a result of interoperation with medical devices), editing and saving key frames to patient documents.
The Physician's workplace consists of:
- Main menu common for all the workplaces:
- Field for one patient search\select;
- Selected patient's documents list;
- Patient documents view;
- Physician's schedule;
- Links for document templates;
- List of documents, created by specific date.


text:
Fun Toddler Greeting Card
Print out the card and let your toddler color the inside. (After printing you'll need to fold the sheet in half and then in half again.) Draw whatever you want and then send it to a friend, relative or anyone that might enjoy a cute card from a kid. Review the colors of the question marks and see if your child can draw one inside the card. Sing the song about the wheels on the bus as you color the card, or go over:
" Hey diddle diddle,
the cat and the fiddle,
The cow jumped over the moon,
The little dog laughed to see such sport,
And the dish ran away with the spoon."
And if you have some Wiggles songs sing along with those too!
- printer to print out the greeting card sheet
- markers or crayons
- Make coloring fun with singing and clapping!
- Let your toddler decide who she/he wants to send the card to. It can even be someone in the house. But let her put it in an envelope and put a sticker on it for a stamp!


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Today, the Guam Homeless Coalition and the Guam Housing and Urban Renewal Authority is conducting a one-day count of the island's homeless. About 150 volunteers will be dispersed throughout the island to help discern the island's homeless population.
The annual event is used to determine about how many people in Guam don't have homes, or live in substandard housing. It's a requirement because the local government receives Continuum of Care funding from the federal government.
Guam's homeless numbers have been high in recent years. In 2011, there were 1,541 homeless. Last year's count was 1,301. And the counts are never fully complete, as not all homeless individuals are identified in the one-day events, so it's possible the numbers are even higher.
There are some agencies and nonprofit groups that offer services and other assistance to the homeless. On a regular basis, an event called Passport to Services is held to aid the island's homeless and those at risk of homelessness, as well as other needy individuals. Agencies, nonprofits and volunteers give out food bags and toiletries, offer free haircuts and help individuals obtain identification cards, among other services.
But only a fraction of the island's homeless and needy show up, primarily because they don't have a reliable way to get to the event -- or to any agency or nonprofit offering assistance. The island's mass transit system is hugely inadequate, with limited routes, limited buses and long waits.
If elected officials truly want to help the island's homeless, people with disabilities and others in need, they must work to bolster, expand and improve public transportation. They must not allow the current situation to persist.
It won't be easy or inexpensive to fix public transportation, and it won't happen quickly. But this has been a longstanding problem that has continually been ignored by elected officials. And that has to change.


Home Durable Labels • The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
Durable Labels
Showing DomeLabels and TUFFLabels
Durable labels, the ones that last on your product for years, are custom created from combinations of different special materials.
Liner is not technically part of the label, but it is very important to the end product. Liner has to be strong enough to hold the substrate, ink layers, and dome or laminate, and still stay flat and smooth so there are no creases or folds, which can cause visible flaws in the finished label.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive has already been applied to the underside of the label substrate as tiny glue bubbles. Rubbing over the top of the finished label warms and softens it, and the pressure helps the bubbles to pop, they melt together to glue the label in place. The thickness and strength of the adhesive determines how permanent the label is.
Substrate is the base of the label and is usually a polyester, vinyl, polypropylene or polycarbonate material. Substrates can be colored, white, clear, metallic or reflective, the universal similarity is they are all capable of being printed on. Ink (or Print) goes on top of the substrate. The print layer defines the label as yours, because your unique artwork is placed here.
Once printing is finished, the label will be laminated or domed.
On a laminated label, the laminate is sealed to the top of the printed substrate, then the labels are cut and the excess material is removed leaving your custom shaped labels.
For a dome label, the printed substrate is cut and the excess material is removed leaving the individual shape of your label. Then a liquid polyurethane substance flows onto each label (the edge of the cut label acts like a tiny wall to stop the polyurethane from running over). The polyurethane cures and hardens creating a curved dome surface which gives your artwork a three-dimensional look.
Your one-of-a-kind label is custom created from start to finish.
For more information go to _URL_
Check out our other great products.
Author:Alice Holm
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text:
Hamdım, Piştim, Yandım [TR]
Design research project and 1 month workshop created by:
Ece Canlı, Ceylan Uşakierali, Levent Yücel, Kerem Erdem Göç, Merve Kurt, Serkan Aka, Bilal Yılmaz
in collaboration with TOG (Community Volunteer Foundation)
9 August-5 September 2008
This long term design research project that resulted in one-month long intense workshop located in a camping area with non-designer participants from all over the country. The project aimed
– to alternatively criticise consumption culture,
– to see daily used objects from a different perspective; to recognise our daily needs and suggest acceptable solutions from a design viewpoint,
– to question our basic/primary needs by living in a camping area without any electronic device or appliances,
– to produce fundamental objects with ecological and found materials that would the needs in question,
– to engage with the local producers, discussing about participating local production; to utilise their local production techniques and materials,
– to encourage participants (as the volunteers of TOG) to take the new techniques they learnt to initiate new projects in their hometowns/regions based on their new knowledge and experiences to keep the project sustainable in long-term.
In the workshop, there were 40 participants (20 per each two-week period) who were studying at different universities in different programs all across Turkey and not acquainted with any design thinking or making practice, yet concerned with the production and consumption culture of contemporary Turkey—and the world in a larger scale. The workshop as a pilot implementation took place in a camping area, in a coastal village called İğneada at the northwest part of Turkey. During the camp, only tents were provided; the rest were expected to be set up and produced by participants. The working plan went as following:
– discussion sessions on consumption culture, our basic needs; ancient, local and mass productions,
– simulation games that aimed to enable participants to conceive main ideas,
– workshops for production sessions,
– fieldworks that aimed to connect with local producers, and needs and resources of the region better,
– brainstorming for design solutions,
– project development and presentations phase by participants
Elaborating on their basic needs, participants produced several objects and came up with minor system solutions (i.e. shower, cushions, lighting units, dressing cabin, kitchen, freezer etc.). Then, they produced other objects (i.e. ornaments, recycled papers, bags, wallets, earrings, necklaces etc.) by taking their secondary needs into consideration, including artistic creations.
Apart from the production process, one of the most important aspects of the project was fieldworks in the village. There were several phases of this part such as interviews with local community, investigations on local productions, materials and recycling techniques and workshops with local female producers. It also included lectures and guidance provided by the guest eco-designer Katell Gelebart who transmitted knowledge of hand-manufacturing with recycled materials such as plastic bags, tires, newspapers and such.


Easiest Steps To Build A Face Filter App With Flutter and Deep AR
Face filter1.png Hello everyone, I'm excited to be sharing this article with you all.
At the end of this article, you will learn how to build a Face Filter App from scratch using Flutter and Deep AR.
So let start.
What is DeepAR?
DeepAR is a web platform that provides an SDK for Snapchat kind of 3D face filters, face lenses, and effects for any iOS, Android, Unity, or HTML5 app. The platform makes use of a technology called Augmented Reality (AR).
So what is Augmented Reality (AR)? Augmented Reality is a new technological system that allows introducing virtual contents and information onto the physical world as if they're actually there with you.
In other to build a Face Filter App from scratch using Flutter and Deep AR, you need to follow these simple steps below:
Step 1: Creating a new Flutter project.
You can create a flutter application using Visual Studio, IntelliJ, or Android studio.
After successfully creating a flutter project, Open "pubspec.yaml", and install the camera_deep_ar and path package.
 camera_deep_ar: ^0.0.1
Step 2: Create a Deep AR account.
Log on to _URL_ to create an account,
At the top right corner of the site click on "Sign Up", to create an account but if you have an account with Deep AR, click on "Log in".
1_0ujfcgCZNRC-9S2ZW9T8Og.png To "Sign Up" Deep AR only requires you to enter your email address and password.
1_0ujfcgCZNRC-9S2ZW9T8Og.png Once you have provided the necessary details required, Deep AR will send a link to the email address you provided while signing up.
1_bqi6oHADGEv_uQXYT0BzWw.png Click on the link sent to your email address and log into your Deep AR account.
1_bqi6oHADGEv_uQXYT0BzWw.png On successfully Log in, your Deep AR logged-in page will look like this image below.
Step 3: Creating a new Deep AR project.
To create a new Deep AR project, click on the + icon.
Note: For the sake of this tutorial, the number of monthly active users will be 10 which is Free.
When done, click on the "Get Started" button to navigate to the next screen.
1_bqi6oHADGEv_uQXYT0BzWw.png Next, we are going to name our Deep AR project "Flutter_with_DeepAR", click on the "I agree to terms and conditions" option, and click on "Create Project" to complete the project creation process.
Congratulations, you have successfully created your very first Deep AR project.
Step 4: Adding Deep AR to your android app.
Click on the "Add android app" button
On the App name field, enter "flutter_with_deepar", while the App ID will be "com.promise.flutter_deepar".
Note: To get the App ID for your Flutter project, goto android >> app >> build.gradle and copy the applicationId.
android {
 defaultConfig {
 applicationId "com.example.myapp"
 minSdkVersion 15
 targetSdkVersion 24
 versionCode 1
 versionName "1.0"
1_bqi6oHADGEv_uQXYT0BzWw.png Click on "Create app" to complete the Deep AR configuration for the android app.
1_bqi6oHADGEv_uQXYT0BzWw.png Note: Your Android App key should be kept private.
Step 5: Modifying your Flutter project.
Add this rule to your proguard-rules.pro file, to do so goto android >> app >> and create a new file, the name should be proguard-rules.pro, add these rules to your created proguard-rules.pro file
-keepclassmembers class ai.deepar.ar.DeepAR { *; }
-dontwarn android.**
-keep class io.flutter.app.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.plugin.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.util.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.view.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.plugins.** { *; }
Modify your build.gradle file, do that goto android >> app >> build.gradle file
defaultConfig {
 applicationId "com.promise.flutter_deepar"
 // MinSdkVersion should be set to 19 or above
 minSdkVersion 19
 targetSdkVersion 29
 versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
 versionName flutterVersionName
buildTypes {
 release {
 signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
 // add the proguard-rules.pro to your build.gradle file
Note: The minSdkVersion for android should be 19 and above while for iOS it's 10 and above.
Open the AndroidManifest.xml file and add the following permissions.

 android:required="true" />

Finally, Open your main.dart file and add this code below:
Test run your app using a physical device or an emulator.
Face filter 3.png Congratulation, you have built your first Face Filter App with Flutter and Deep AR.
If you found this article helpful and educating, please hit the clap button 👏 as many times as you can to show your support!
To get my latest updates and happenings from the world of Flutter, and mobile app development, follow me on Twitter, Facebook, Linkedin, and Github.
My name is Promise Amadi. I am a writer and Flutter Developer. I work with startups across the globe to build mobile solutions using Flutter. I'm open to collaboration on Flutter-based projects. Send an e-mail to.
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text:
Length: 3 Hours
Make the most of your administrative staff or your own executive assistant with this highly specialized, advanced program exclusively for executives and managers! Attendees will:
- Discover how assistants who become an integral part of management teams make an even bigger impact on the bottom line.
- Learn specific ways to strengthen assistant/manager partnerships – achieving more in less time, with even better results.
- Clarify the skill sets today's top assistants have, and learn to depend on them.
- Identify tasks that should – and shouldn't – be delegated to assistants in certain situations.
Interactive Learning Experience:
A Joan Burge/Office Dynamics International educational program is interactive, synergistic and fun. We utilize your intelligence, creativity and work experience. Joan Burge and our Certified Trainers facilitate learning techniques that motivate adult learners to listen, participate and try new behaviors with ease. Through individual and group exercises, discussions and dynamic teaching segments, you will assimilate key learning points. Our curricula engage participants of every age group.


text:
This paper studies the characteristics of Mai Jia's spy fiction. Placing it under the global map of spy fiction as a genre, this paper evaluates the uniqueness and contribution of Mai Jia to this genre. It identifies two themes of Mai Jia's works: The truth of history does not necessarily have the only answer, and individual's growth may not develop through a rational way. The main characteristics of Mai Jia include that he provides different perspective of certain event through various methods such as letters and interview; The unexpected ending of the story creates a dramatic effect of the uncertainty of life; The texts deconstruct the holy revolutionary discourse with the vernacular emotion and everyday practices. Through these methods, Mai Jia succeeds in overthrowing the tradition of Chinese spy fiction in the 1950s.
|Original language||Chinese (Simplified)|
|Number of pages||10|
|Publication status||Published - 2017|


use IGeometricEffects to get the results for individual dash or offset effects but not both. However, you can use IGeometricEffect to get the result of applying a combination of dash and offset effects as a single effect.
 The RepresentationRule class does not implement IGraphicAttributes. Thus, when IGeometricEffect is used to reference a RepresentationRule to retrieve the chain of effects on this rule as a single effect, IGraphicAttributes must not be used to get back the graphic attributes present for these effects.
 The following table lists the available geometric effects along with their valid input and output geometry types and graphic attributes:
 Geometric effect
 Input geometry : Output geometry
 Graphic attributes
 AddControlPoints Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon Tolerance
 Buffer Point : Polygon, Line : Polygon, Polygon : Polygon Size
 Cut Line : Line, Polygon : Line Begin, End, Invert
 Dashes Line : Line, Polygon : Line Pattern, Endings
 Donut Polygon : Polygon Width, Simple, Method
 EnclosingPolygon Line : Polygon, Polygon : Polygon Method
 Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon
 X Offset, Y Offset
 OffsetCurve Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon Offset, Method, Simple
 Radial Point : Line Angle, Length
 Point : Polygon
 Radius, Edges, Angle
 Reverse Line : Line Reverse
 Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon
 Simplify Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon Tolerance
 Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon
 X Factor, Y Factor
 SmoothCurve Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon Tolerance
 Line : Polygon
 From width, To width, Length
 Line : Line, Polygon : Polygon
 Period, Width, Style
 Graphic attributes and graphic attribute types
 Graphic attributes are attributes used to define graphical properties for marker placements and geometric effects, and BasicMarkerSymbol, LineStroke, GradientPattern, LinePattern, and SolidColorPattern objects. RepresentationClass also has a single graphic attribute for controlling its visibility property. All graphic attributes are enumerated into esriGraphicAttribute, esriGeometricEffectAttributes, and esriMarkerPlacementAttributes enumerations.
 IGraphicAttributes is the basic interface that a class must implement to have a list of its own graphic attributes. Use the ClassName property on this interface in conjunction with either IGeometricEffect or IMarkerPlacement to determine which geometric effect or marker placement object is currently used. The esriGraphicAttributeType enumeration has the following attribute types:
 - Boolean
 - Color
 - Dash
 - Double
 - Enum
 - Integer
 - Marker
 - Size
 - Text
 The BasicMarkerSymbol modifying graphic attributes, color, angle, size, and transparency are shown in the following illustration:
 MapContext and OutputContext
 The following reference frames are used for data translation among geographic, map, and output display contexts:
 - Geographic reference frame - A feature layer represents geographic data and can be reprojected prior to drawing the features on a map.
 - Map reference frame (MRF) - An intermediate frame introduced to define a clear context in which geometric effects and on-the-fly processing work. This frame is similar to the map sheet frame that is used with a 72 dpi graphic resolution centered at the geographic spatial reference. The advantage of having the MRF is to provide a stable context for geometric effects and marker placement properties as this is in a graphic frame but independent of zoom levels and pan positions. Linear attributes (distance and length) are relative to this frame. For example, a 12 point offset is a 12 unit displacement in MRF. Effects store these attributes in MRF units and use them without any transformation.
 - Output reference frame - Consists of an output device that displays the map with a zoom level that is not equal to the reference scale as well as a changed center position.
 Representation reference frames are shown in the following diagram:
 Use IMapContext and IOutputContext to get references to the MapContext and OutputContext objects.
 For further information see:
 Sample: Create a custom marker placement for placing markers around a point


curling (n.)
"action of turning, bending, or forming into ringlets," mid-15c., verbal noun from curl (v.). Curling-iron "rod of iron to be used hot for curling the hair" is from 1630s.
The game played with stones on ice, originally Scottish, is so-called by 1610s, but the sense connection is obscure. "The name appears to describe the motion given to the stone" [OED]. Evidence of the sport dates to the early 16c. in Scotland; written accounts of the game date to the 1540s. A similar game is described from c. 1600 in Flanders.
Others are reading
Definitions of curling from WordNet
curling (n.)
a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target;
curling (adj.)
(of hair) making curls or having been made to curl;
Synonyms: curled


text:
Poorly Neanderthals chomped on medicinal plants
Neanderthals cooked and ate their veggies and even used medicinal plants when they were ill, an examination of their teeth has found.
Using the same technique that revealed the human ancestor Australopithecus sediba ate bark - analysis of microscopic bits of food trapped between the teeth - they've established that Neanderthals cooked plants, including bitter-tasting ones that have medicinal properties.
Until recently, Neanderthals, who disappeared between 30,000 and 24,000 years ago, were thought to be predominantly meat-eaters.
Researchers from Spain, the UK and Australia combined pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry with morphological analysis of plant microfossils to identify material trapped in dental calculus - calcified dental plaque - from five Neanderthals from the north Spanish site of El Sidrón.
And, they say, they've found starch granules and carbohydrate markers in the samples, evidence for plant compounds such as azulenes and coumarins and possible evidence for nuts, grasses and even green vegetables.
Evidence for cooked carbohydrates came from both the cracked/roasted starch granules observed microscopically and molecular evidence for cooking and exposure to wood smoke or smoked food - a range of chemical markers including methyl esters, phenols, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Most interestingly, trapped within dental calculus, researchers found molecular evidence that one individual had eaten bitter tasting plants.
"The evidence indicating this individual was eating bitter-tasting plants such as yarrow and camomile with little nutritional value is surprising," says Dr Stephen Buckley of the University of York.
"We know that Neanderthals would find these plants bitter, so it is likely these plants must have been selected for reasons other than taste."


text:
When people think of bamboo, the first thing that likely comes to mind is the bamboo tree of Asian descent, followed by bamboo chutes (common in Asian food dishes). Few people would think of bamboo as a fabric. But bamboo fabrics made from pure bamboo fiber yarns can make excellent Bedding and Towels. The trait of interest in bamboo material is its unusual ability to breathe, and its coolness. Because bamboo fiber is filled with micro-gaps and micro-holes (a physical trait of the material), a bamboo fabric has better moisture absorption and ventilation. Bamboo fibers absorbs and evaporates human sweat in a split second, and thus sheets feel cool and comfortable in hot weather and cozy in cooler weather.
There are more than 1500 species of bamboo worldwide. The species most commonly used for textiles is Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys Pubescens), which grows primarily in large areas of eastern China.
Bamboo thrives without pesticides or fertilizers due to its unique antimicrobial property (called Bamboo Kun). It is believed that bamboo fabric retains the anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties of the bamboo plant, making it an excellent choice for sheets, bedding, and towels. Bamboo sheets actually repel bacteria, fungus, and dust mites! This makes them a healthier choice for everyone, but particularly those with allergies or chemical sensitivities.
Bamboo sheets are thermal regulating; keeping you cooler in the summer & warmer in cold weather. Bamboo is moisture-wicking (draws moisture away from the body – letting it evaporate), and resistant to mold and mildew which helps to prevent odors. Bamboo towels are more absorbent and dry much faster than their cotton counterparts. As an added benefit, bamboo sheets and towels are luxuriously soft; far softer than even the highest thread count cotton sheets.
Some basic Information regarding bamboo sheets.. Bamboo usually has a thread count of 250. Because of the way it is manufactured the fibers are more comfortable than higher thread count.
To keep your sheets from wrinkling take them of the dryer as soon as the cycle is over fluff and fold. I haven't found a magic way to fold the fitted sheets, I am not sure there is one.
Pilling is common in all fabrics, more so with fabricated products such as polyester and acrylics. Cotton, linen and bamboo will also pill, but will wash away during the wash cycle. To help minimize pilling reduce your wash time and do not over stuff your machine. Use of a fabric softener will also help.


text:
|Located at Batu Putih village and 41km from the Kota
Kinabatangan township, Agop Batu Tulug is a steep limestone cliff that stands 39
meters high and is part of the 20-25 millionyear old Labang limestone
formation. The word 'agop' in the Orang Sungai language means cave. There are
three main caves, agop suriba (lower) on the forest floor, lintaga (middle) and
sawat (upper) betweeen 12-15m high.
Inside the middle and upper caves are more than a hundred carved wooden coffins dating back 200-250 years, watched over by bats and swallows. Batu Putih village can be viewed from here as well.
The coffins resemble different animals associated to the beliefs of the Orang Sungai but it has also been said that they are the coffins of the Chinese who once settled in the area as Chinese artifacts were found among the remains.
A site Museum since 1996, it has facilities such as an information center, stairs leading to the caves, toilets and resting huts.


text:
Date: May 1972
Creator: Khan, Mohamed Afzal
Description: The purpose of this investigation is to explore the policies of the government of British India and of the independent Republic of India relative to their impact on organizational structure, management practices and styles, and management education in business organizations in India. The British, who were responsible for the growth of some of the organized industries in India, also gave the country, among other things, a modern educational system. They left India, however, with a limited industrial base. There was a serious shortage of professional managers to meet the demands of growing industry. Upon independence, the national government through its policies encouraged the development of business and industries and brought awareness among business managers of the importance of management education.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
SABEC Conference Chair 2014
|Ms Gail Campbell
Organisation: Chief Executive Officer
|Prof Mary Metcalfe
Organisation: School of Public and
University of the Witwatersrand
Message from the Chair
There is a growing acceptance that solving educational challenges in the country is urgent and requires the concerted efforts of all stakeholders. The second South African Basic Education Conference aims to support and channel joint efforts by providing a platform for dialogue between researchers and practitioners in the education sector and thereby help "Improve education through stakeholder collaboration". The Conference comes at an opportune time as we mark the twentieth anniversary of our democracy. This is a time to reflect on the shortcomings of the past, gains made and lessons learnt. The convergence of ideas will feed into and guide the processes started by the Education Collaboration Framework.
Since 1994 various stakeholders have supported government in its quest to strengthen democracy and contribute to economic growth and development through education - and progress has been made. This includes improvements in schooling infrastructure, increased funding of poorer schools, introduction of Grade R, curriculum improvements, and achieving close to universal access to schooling. Despite these achievements, the education system continues to struggle under the weight of poor performance as is evidenced in national as well as international numeracy and literacy assessments.
Government has acknowledged that the country is experiencing major challenges in education and has put into place a new vision and plan through the National Development Plan and the Department of Basic Educationís Action Plan 2014. The National Development Plan has reiterated the governmentís position of declaring education a societal issue and has called for a multi-stakeholder partnership to address education challenges. This call for collaboration is being realised through the establishment of the Education Collaboration Framework (ECF) which provides a platform for greater collaboration in the sector, increased dialogue, a consolidation of financial and intellectual resources and a coordinated roll out of solutions.
It is against this backdrop that the second South African Basic Education Conference hopes to play a supporting role in focusing and channelling stakeholder collaboration, knowledge-sharing and innovation on the six key areas outlined by the ECF, namely:
- The Professionalization of the teaching service
- A call for effective and courageous leadership
- Improving government capacity to deliver
- Improving resourcing in order to create conducive and safe learning environment: teachers,books and infrastructure
- Community and parent involvement
- Learner support and wellbeing
We urge all our educational colleagues to seize all opportunities and fully exploit platforms for dissemination, engagement and sharing. It is through working collaboratively that we can eliminate duplication and fragmentation in the sector and maximise returns from our collective contributions towards improving the quality of our education system.
Over 340 papers and more than 650 delegates at the 2012 SA Basic Education Conference...
The 2012 SA Basic Education Conference (SABEC) held in Durban over 2-4 April 2012, brought over 650 teachers, principals, academics, NGOs and government delegates together to discuss the state of basic education in South Africa. The purpose of SABEC was to provide a platform where academics and practitioners could share their experiences, stimulate debate, collaborate on solutions and identify best practices that will contribute to quality basic education for all.
The number and quality of submissions made to present at the conference (~340) highlighted the phenomenal initiatives underway that are achieving significant positive impact.
The importance of collaboration and sharing of resources and knowledge was emphasised throughout the conference proceedings and was tracked by SABEC as one of its key targeted outcomes. In the conference evaluation, 96% of delegates reported that SABEC helped them develop partnerships and 93% reported that they are likely to implement one or more of the innovations learned from SABEC in their work.


text: Background: Epidural Anesthesia (EA) is a well-established procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of immediate complications following epidural puncture, such as sanguineous puncture, accidental dural perforation, unsuccessful catheter placement or insufficient analgesia and to identify patient and maneuver related risk factors. Methods: A total of 7958 non-obstetrical EA were analyzed. The risk of each complication was calculated according to the preconditions and the level of puncture. For probabilistic evaluation we used a logistic regression model with forward selection. Results: The risk of sanguineous puncture (n = 247, 3.1%) increases with both the patient's age (P = 0.013) and the more caudal the approach (P < 0.01). Dural perforation (n = 123, 1.6%) was found to be influenced only by advanced age (P = 0.019). Unsuccessful catheter placement (n = 68, 0.94%) occurred more often in smaller individuals (P < 0.001) and at lower lumbar sites (P < 0.01). Amongst all cases with successful catheter placement a (partial) insufficient analgesia was found in 692 cases (8.8%). This risk of insufficient analgesia decreased with patient's age (P <0.01), being least likely for punctures of the lower thoracic spine (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to more cranial levels, EA of the lower spine is associated with an increased risk of sanguineous and unsuccessful puncture. Insufficient analgesia more often accompanies high thoracic and low lumbar approaches. The risk of a sanguineous puncture increases in elderly patients. Gender, weight and body mass index seem to have no influence on the investigated complications.


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Here's a cool step-saver, something no other operating system offers—a little something Apple likes to call data detectors.
In short, Mac OS X programs like Mail and TextEdit can recognize commonly used bits of information that may appear in your text: a physical address, a phone number, a date and time, and so on. With one quick click, you can send that information into the appropriate Mac OS X program, like iCal, Address Book, or your Web browser (for looking up an address on a map).
Here's how it works: When you spot a name, address, date, or time, point to it without clicking. A dotted rectangle appears around it. Control-click inside the rectangle, or right-click, or click the ▾ at the right side. As shown in Figure 5-5, a shortcut menu appears. Its contents vary depending on what you're pointing to:
A mailing address. You can choose Show Address in Google Maps from the shortcut menu; your Web browser opens and shows you that address on a Google map.
Figure 5-5. Mail can detect street addresses, phone numbers, dates, Web addresses, and times. When it spots something you may want to add to another program like Address Book or iCal, it draws a dotted line around the info when you point to it without clicking. Click the little ▾ to get a shortcut menu for further options—like automatically adding the address to your Address Book program or seeing the address pinpointed...


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A Kontakion (also kondakion, kondak, and kontak; plural kontakia, kondakia) is a type of thematic hymn in the Orthodox Church and other Eastern Christian churches. Originally, the kontakion was an extended homily in verse consisting of one or two proemia (preliminary stanzas) followed by several strophes, usually between 18 and 24. The kontakia were so long that the text was rolled up on a pole for use in the services -- the genesis of the name kontakion, which means "from the pole" in Greek. It is typical of the form that each of the proemia and strophes end with the same refrain. Acrostics are also a hallmark of this hymnographic form.
In current practice, the kontakion has been greatly abbreviated. Only the (first) proemium and first strophe are sung or read after the sixth ode of the canon at orthros. The proemium alone is sung at the Divine Liturgy, following the troparia, and most other services of the daily cycle. The kontakion is not sung at vespers.
According to tradition, Saint Roman the Melodist wrote the first kontakion, the Kontakion for the Birth of Our Lord, by divine inspiration. Legend aside, Roman established the kontakion in the form it retained for centuries, and he is the most famous composer of kontakia.
- Today the Virgin gives birth to the Transcendent One,
- And the earth offers a cave to the Unapproachable One!
- Angels with shepherds glorify Him!
- The wise men journey with a star!
- Since for our sake the Eternal God was born as a Little Child!
- —Kontakion for Christmas, Roman the Melodist
- Find kontakion on OrthodoxWiki - See the pages on saints or feast days for other Kontakion.


text:
Gmail Child Account
I was visiting a friend the other day and his young child was complaining that she wanted an e-mail address. She wanted one to keep in touch with her aunt and uncle, who had told her to e-mail them. My friend explained to her that she could use his, but she wanted one with her name in it. My friend was wary of creating one for her, because of all the bad spam she'd get and he also wondered how he would be able to monitor her account.
Well, when I went home, I did some research and found out that users of the Gmail e-mail program can create a parent and child account. Cool, huh?! Read on for some more details.
If you want to create a sub-account (child account), just follow these directions:
1.) Log in to your Gmail account.
2.) In the upper right hand corner, click Settings.
3.) Select the link that says Accounts. Below that, select the link that says "Add another e-mail address."
4.) When asked what e-mail address you'd like, type your Gmail user name, followed by a plus sign and the name of the child's account, with no spaces. For example, if your Gmail address was _EMAIL_ and the child's name was Jenna, you'd type in _EMAIL_. When you have finished, click the Next Step button.
5.) Now, when your child goes to compose an e-mail, in the From: drop down menu, they can select their account instead of yours.
Any messages or replies sent to that account will appear in your Inbox and you can tell your child when they have a new message. It's the perfect way to give your child what they want, but still keep a close eye on what they do while on the Internet.
You can even create multiple child accounts. Heck, they don't even necessarily have to be for a child. They can be for whatever you like!
Not a shabby deal, huh?!
~ Neil Patel


Call or text _PHONE_
Professional Grade LED Black Light Urine Finder
 - Sale
 - Regular price $14.99
 - 7 available
Available for:
Local Delivery - Shipping - Store Pickup
Urine Off LED Black Light Urine Finder
The Urine-Off Urine Finder Light is custom-engineered to locate those hidden, dried uric salt crystalsinvisible to the naked eye. The crystalline structure of dried urine causes it to fluoresce a dull yellow color under ultraviolet (UV or "black") light. After locating the dried urine, apply a cleaning solution as needed.
 - LED light more effectively fluoresces urine, making invisible deposits easier and faster to detect and treat. This is the ideal tool to locate hard-to-find urine stains that are invisible to the naked eye.
 - Discrete wavelength is engineered to concentrate much of its power within the 380–382.5 nanometer wavelengths to specifically detect urine and other body fluids
 - Professional grade aircraft aluminium construction.
What's the difference between Urine Finder black light and others?
"Black" or ultraviolet (UV) light is a type of light wave within a certain fairly broad frequency range. Within that range, there is a specific light frequency that will cause urine to fluoresce as brightly as possible. Bio-Pro Research Urine Finders are engineered to produce that specific wavelength of UV light, so they simply work better than generic black lights and make the task of locating urine deposits easier.
Any fluorescent "black light" will fluoresce dried urine to some degree – but the brightness will depend on the actual wavelength of the light output, and this varies considerably from light to light. Even among different lights of the same make and model, the manufacturing tolerances of consumer-grade black lights are simply not demanding enough to reliably produce a specific UV light wavelength. These lights are fine for their intended purpose, but for the specific job of detecting dried urine, they are less than ideal (note: incandescent/screw-in household bulbs with "black light" coatings generally will NOT fluoresce urine at all).
Tool measures 6 5/8" long.
Requires (3) AAA batteries – not included


Harry Potter Wiki
Iris Pius
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Iris Pius
Biographical information
Before the 1990s (possibly)
Physical information
Iris Pius was a witch. She was depicted in a portrait, which presumably hung at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, along with many others.[1]
Behind the scenes
 - Pius may have died sometime prior to the 1990s, as many portraits hung at Hogwarts Castle depict deceased individuals.
The name "Iris" means "rainbow" in Greek. Iris was the name of the Greek goddess of the rainbow. This name can also be given in reference to the English word (which derives from the same Greek source) for the name of the iris flower or the coloured part of the eye.
Notes and references
Hogwarts Castle
Unknown locations
Portraits, statues and other artwork located in unknown locations
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text:
Coffee is an art and a science, but our passion for it is drawn from its incredible capacity to bring people together. Yellow House aims to create an atmosphere of community and growth for every person who enters our space. From the Southern hospitality to the quality of our menu, we strive to craft a stellar experience.
Our story is one centered around genuine relationships and communal growth. Our pursuit of bringing some of the world's best coffees to Lubbock, TX is generated from our conviction that how we live and do business affects real people locally and globally. We could not exist on our own – we are bound together with others throughout the world.
Why Direct Trade?
The history of farmer abuse and sourcing shortcuts is long and thick, but these destructive habits are being put to rest through the practice and attitude of direct trade, which is transforming the way coffee is purchased around the globe. Here are some of the key principals of the direct trade model:
- The coffee roaster and farmer negotiate costs and projects directly, and legitimate relationships are formed through farm visits and face-to-face dialogue.
- Transparency becomes a core value in the process, with the farmer and roaster working together to find a balance that benefits the buyer and the seller. Without middlemen exporters and importers, direct trade farmers receive at least 25% more for their crop than fair trade farmers.
- Quality becomes an effort sustained by the roaster and the farmer as they work together to improve systems, grow better crops, and increase the quality of life for both parties.
While Yellow House does not source coffees on its own, we participate in the direct trade effort by brewing and selling coffees roasted by Oak Cliff Coffee Roasters, who is committed to ethical sourcing of fantastic coffees.
Lance Neffendorf of Yellow House Coffee and Shannon Neffendorf of Oak Cliff Coffee Roasters are continually using their brother smarts to provide amazing coffees in welcoming atmospheres.


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A lasher is an ambulatory plant and often hostile. They can be found in the Wailing Caverns, Maraudon, Un'Goro Crater, and Dire Maul. Lashers are elementals in-game, but in lore they are just "plants".
World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade introduced new lashers in Azuremyst Isle, Bloodmyst Isle, and the Botanica.
The lashers in Un'Goro Crater are known as bloodpetals and grow in several different varieties. They are all neutral except the Bloodpetal Pest which is friendly to Alliance players and hostile to Horde players.
Note that there are a number of mobs with lasher in their name, but are not the plant lashers. Some examples are Scorpid Tail Lashers and the hydras named Vorsha the Lasher and Trigore the Lasher.
"Orchid"-type lashers Edit
Mutated Root Lasher
An orchid lasher.
Another type of lasher (called "orchid lasher" in the files) is similar to other lashers, but with a particularly large flower. They are prevalent in the Botanica, Azuremyst Isle, Bloodmyst Isle, Sholazar Basin, Wintergrasp, and Emerald Dragonshrine.
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=over =item mkdir FILENAME,MASK X X X =item mkdir FILENAME =item mkdir Creates the directory specified by FILENAME, with permissions specified by MASK (as modified by C). If it succeeds it returns true, otherwise it returns false and sets C<$!> (errno). If omitted, MASK defaults to 0777. If omitted, FILENAME defaults to C<$_>. In general, it is better to create directories with permissive MASK, and let the user modify that with their C, than it is to supply a restrictive MASK and give the user no way to be more permissive. The exceptions to this rule are when the file or directory should be kept private (mail files, for instance). The perlfunc(1) entry on C discusses the choice of MASK in more detail. Note that according to the POSIX 1003.1-1996 the FILENAME may have any number of trailing slashes. Some operating and filesystems do not get this right, so Perl automatically removes all trailing slashes to keep everyone happy. To recursively create a directory structure, look at the C function of the L module. =back


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Female students were allowed full participation in National Future Farmers of America beginning in 1969. Currently, nearly half of the 520,000 membership is female. Half of the elected positions are held by females. Clearly the young women have lived up the FFA motto which says, "I believe in leadership from ourselves and respect from others." National FFA has allowed two generations of young women to explore the wide variety of agricultural careers and learn management skills.
The Sustainable Agriculture movement proved that successful food production can take place on very small plots. This allowed more women to become involved in agriculture without obtaining financial backing. Sustainable Agriculture also allowed women to take leadership roles in agricultural organizations. More than half of leadership positions in Sustainable Agriculture organizations are held by women. Still, only a small percentage of women hold positions of leadership in traditional commodity organizations.
Individuals with an interest in agriculture have many career choices in addition to traditional crop production or raising livestock. The following career paths can all impact food production.
- Soil Conservation/Land Management
- Food Science
Illinois Pathways provides information to help individuals explore the agriculture, food, and natural resources career pathway cluster. Individuals can also use the site to find potential agriculture employers.
Resources for Individuals with Interest in Agriculture:
Resources for Persons in Farm Related Businesses:
General Resources for Individuals, Businesses and Workforce Partners:


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If your parents pay for you to go to school and you ditch, is that stealing?
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4 Answers 4
I don't think it would considered pure stealing of money, though it might be.
Certainly, however, one who skips school when one's parents believe that they are attending is committing 'geneivas daas' by misleading their parents. This is derived from the prohibition of stealing found in the Torah (Leviticus 19:11).
share|improve this answer
"Be holy?" That's not explicitly about stealing. Could you flesh out your derivation a bit more? – Isaac Moses Apr 16 '10 at 14:25
I think he meant 19:11, "לא תגנובו". (The prohibition against stealing in the Ten Commandments - or Ten Declarations, as you prefer to call them - refers to kidnapping, so that's not relevant here.) – Alex Apr 16 '10 at 18:16
Yes, I meant 11. Sorry. – Tzvi Apr 18 '10 at 3:34
How can it be stealing? Stealing requires that the thief walk away with something to which he is not entitled. All the kid gets here is free time. The cost to the parents is the same, so he can't be stealing their money.
He is, on the other hand, wasting their money. It seems analogous to taking the dinner he was served and throwing it out. It isn't theft because he was given the food freely, but he is not using it in the way it was intended. Arguably, a plate of food is a gift on the condition that it be eaten, in which case it could be theft, but this seems a slightly unusual understanding. I don't think parents think, "This is a gift on condition" when paying tuition or when making dinner.
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Do they have to actively think it for the condition to take effect? – Double AA Aug 24 '12 at 18:30
I would be interested to know if their was any actual halachic literature on the subject but it seems to me the answer is pretty clearly no.
Parents pay for a service, that their children obtain an education, not for a continuous task to be preformed like an assembly line. In other words every moment in the classroom does not translate into a moment of education and this is understood by all involved. While a certain amount of time is generally required to reach the goal, achieving the goal is a process and it is possible to "catch up" after an absence.
This is not to deny that skipping cannot have negative consequences or that it is not inappropriate, but it seems to me that it is inappropriate for what it is, skipping, without needing to make it into something else.
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absolutely! one who skips school on purpose with no significant reason, is stealing from their parents money. also a student who disturbs his/her class is stealing, no only from his, but also everyone Else's parents money! -any worldshare|improve this answer
If a student disrupts a class in a public school, is that not considered as stealing "time" from the learning, even if it's a secular class. – Ken Apr 18 '10 at 12:12
If it is stealing then what difference does it make if they have a "significant reason" short of pikuach nefesh? – Yirmeyahu Aug 24 '12 at 23:08
Your Answer


text:
Parties are social events often involving a lot of activity and a lot of eating! Despite this, hypos may still occur when enormous amounts of energy are burnt up through games and excitement. Making sure your child gets enough carbohydrate (every three hours or so) to prevent hypos is the main concern.
Your child should be allowed to enjoy the foods offered at the party, including snack foods and birthday cake. Diet soft drinks or cordials can be provided for all the children to enjoy.
If you are not at the party, provide your host or another adult with simple instructions about hypo management and make sure that your child knows what to do if they have a hypo. It's also important to be aware that the extra activity at parties can lead to delayed hypos so extra supper may be needed.
Birthdays may seem to occur every week but they are not an everyday event and are important in the development of your child's social skills. So it's important to let your child join in and have fun!


text:
A tall, slender air traffic control tower
Standing 84m tall, about the height of a 30-storey building, the Air Traffic Control (ATC) Tower in Mumbai's international airport gives its staff unobstructed views of their entire operating environment.
ATC towers tend to be both tall and slender; these characteristics make the structures vulnerable to wind-induced movement. Left unchecked, this movement would make the towers uncomfortable for their occupants: ATC professionals doing critical work.
To mitigate wind-induced movement, most of the world's ATC towers rely on specially designed damping systems. The designers of the Mumbai airport's ATC tower wanted to create a tower that didn't require such a system. Knowing they needed to find another strategy to address the risk of uncomfortable motion, they envisioned a distinctive form at the base of the tower that would break up the formation of vortices and thus diminish wind effects on the tower's upper floors. The design team turned to us for help optimizing the geometry of their design in order to maximize the structure's safety and comfort.
Our wind engineering team embraced the opportunity to work with the tower's architects (HOK) and structural engineers (Arup) to achieve their innovative vision. We collaborated closely with the designers to understand the environment the tower would operate in, and to gain insight into their unusual strategy for mitigating wind effects.
We developed a detailed scale model of the structure, including the distinctive skirt design at its base, and subjected the model to extensive testing in our wind tunnel. After modeling and quantifying the wind-induced vibrations the tall structure would experience in a range of weather conditions, we were able to offer precise recommendations on how to optimize the shape and orientation of the skirt at the tower's base to maximize its ability to mitigate wind effects and maximize occupant comfort.
The design of the skirt structure was refined and tested iteratively. Ultimately, we were able to demonstrate that the final proposed design would effectively disrupt vortex shedding and keep the tower's peak accelerations within acceptable limits for office occupancy, even in the absence of a supplemental damping system.
The tower has been operating successfully since 2013 and has been celebrated for both its architectural and technical sophistication. It is equipped to handle both current and future air traffic control needs, in a market where air travel is growing at approximately 10% per annum. During the design process, the tower won the Autodesk Hong Kong Building Information Modeling Award (2009). Upon completion, it was recognized by the Indian Concrete Institute as an Outstanding Concrete Structure (2013).


From Old School RuneScape Wiki
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The Kualti are the elite guard of Queen Zyanyi Arkan, the current ruler of Varlamore. Their sole purpose is to protect the Queen, and nothing else.[1] Their headquarters is located in Civitas illa Fortis, adjacent to the royal palace. During a A Kingdom Divided, they accompany Queen Zyanyi to attend the coronation ceremony in Great Kourend.
To become one of the Kualti requires having served many years in the kingdom's army and rigorous training as a knight of the kingdom.[2] Upon completing their training, the Kualti-to-be would be initiated into the ranks of the Kualti in an initiation ceremony.
The Kualti initiation ceremony is performed by Varlamore's High Priest, who would hand over the dagger of the Kualti-to-be's predecessor, which signified their place as one of the Kualti.[3] Each dagger is unique to one of the Kualti, and the Grand Museum of Civitas illa Fortis contains a section where they are displayed, where rows and rows of them are arranged by the ruler under which their owner served.
Trivia[edit | edit source]
 - The word "Kualti" means "to feed" in Nahuatl, a language/group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. This can be interpreted that they are important fodder to protect their Queen, which is their sole duty.
References[edit | edit source]
 1. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "A Kualti must never be distracted from their one, crucial purpose: to protect the Queen."
 2. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "All those years in the army, and the rigorous training they'd undergone as a Knight of Varlamore, had been building to this very ceremony."
 3. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "Yorah would meet the High Priest to hand over their predecessor's dagger and cement their place as one of the Kualti."


text:
Building on work undertaken during 2014 on information literacy in the workplace, InformAll has been raising awareness of information literacy in sectors where it has not been readily recognised as a defined set of attributes. There is a strong case for a dialogue to consider how interlocutors at the interface between higher education and employment might benefit from a further exploration of the relevance of information literacy to their policies and practices. InformAll, in association with CILIP and the CILIP IL Group, therefore organised a roundtable, on 19 March 2015, that brought together a range of interested parties. The event sought to:
- explore the relevance of information competencies and skills in the workplace;
- allow employers and other stakeholders with an interest in employment, professional development and lifelong learning to consider the relevance of such competencies and skills to their policies, strategies and practices;
- raise awareness of the important role library and information professionals play in this area.
Please find attached the programme for the event, the presentation slides that introduced it and some (unedited) notes from the discussion. These are rough and ready, but give a flavour of the breadth of issues that were covered; they also list a few practical suggestions.


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A resistor ladder is an electrical circuit made from repeating units of resistors. Two configurations are discussed below, a string resistor ladder and an R–2R ladder.
An R–2R Ladder is a simple and inexpensive way to perform digital-to-analog conversion, using repetitive arrangements of precise resistor networks in a ladder-like configuration. A string resistor ladder implements the non-repetitive reference network.
String resistor ladder network (analog to digital conversion, or ADC)
A string of many, often equally dimensioned, resistors connected between two reference voltages is a resistor string ladder network. The resistors act as voltage dividers between the referenced voltages. Each tap of the string generates a different voltage, which can be compared with another voltage: this is the basic principle of a flash ADC (analog-to-digital converter). Often a voltage is converted to a current, enabling the possibility to use an R–2R ladder network.
- Disadvantage: for an n-bit ADC, the number of resistors grows exponentially, as resistors are required, while the R–2R resistor ladder only increases linearly with the number of bits, as it needs only resistors.
- Advantage: higher impedance values can be reached using the same number of components.
R–2R resistor ladder network (digital to analog conversion)
A basic R–2R resistor ladder network is shown in Figure 1. Bit an−1 (most significant bit, MSB) through bit a0 (least significant bit, LSB) are driven from digital logic gates. Ideally, the bit inputs are switched between V = 0 (logic 0) and V = Vref (logic 1). The R–2R network causes these digital bits to be weighted in their contribution to the output voltage Vout. Depending on which bits are set to 1 and which to 0, the output voltage (Vout) will have a corresponding stepped value between 0 and Vref minus the value of the minimal step, corresponding to bit 0. The actual value of Vref (and the voltage of logic 0) will depend on the type of technology used to generate the digital signals.
For a digital value VAL, of a R–2R DAC with N bits and 0 V/Vref logic levels, the output voltage Vout is:
- Vout = Vref × VAL / 2N.
For example, if N = 5 (hence 2N = 32) and Vref = 3.3 V (typical CMOS logic 1 voltage), then Vout will vary between 0 volts (VAL = 0 = 000002) and the maximum (VAL = 31 = 111112):
- max Vout = 3.3 × 31 / 25 = 3.196875 volts
with steps (corresponding to VAL = 1 = 000012)
- ΔVout = 3.3 × 1 / 32 = 0.103125 volts.
The R–2R ladder is inexpensive and relatively easy to manufacture, since only two resistor values are required (or even one, if R is made by placing a pair of 2R in parallel, or if 2R is made by placing a pair of R in series). It is fast and has fixed output impedance R. The R–2R ladder operates as a string of current dividers, whose output accuracy is solely dependent on how well each resistor is matched to the others. Small inaccuracies in the MSB resistors can entirely overwhelm the contribution of the LSB resistors. This may result in non-monotonic behavior at major crossings, such as from 011112 to 100002. Depending on the type of logic gates used and design of the logic circuits, there may be transitional voltage spikes at such major crossings even with perfect resistor values. These can be filtered with capacitance at the output node (the consequent reduction in bandwidth may be significant in some applications). Finally, the 2R resistance is in series with the digital-output impedance. High-output-impedance gates (e.g., LVDS) may be unsuitable in some cases. For all of the above reasons (and doubtless others), this type of DAC tends to be restricted to a relatively small number of bits; although integrated circuits may push the number of bits to 14 or even more, 8 bits or fewer is more typical.
Accuracy of R–2R resistor ladders
Resistors used with the more significant bits must be proportionally more accurate than those used with the less significant bits; for example, in the R–2R network discussed above, inaccuracies in the bit-4 (MSB) resistors must be insignificant compared to R/32 (i.e., much better than 3%). Further, to avoid problems at the 100002-to-011112 transition, the sum of the inaccuracies in the lower bits must be significantly less than R/32. The required accuracy doubles with each additional bit: for 8 bits, the accuracy required will be better than 1/256 (0.4%). Within integrated circuits, high-accuracy R–2R networks may be printed directly onto a single substrate using thin-film technology, ensuring the resistors share similar electrical characteristics. Even so, they must often be laser-trimmed to achieve the required precision. Such on-chip resistor ladders for digital-to-analog converters achieving 16-bit accuracy have been demonstrated. On a printed circuit board, using discrete components, resistors of 1% accuracy would suffice for a 5-bit circuit, however with bit counts beyond this the cost of ever increasing precision resistors becomes prohibitive. For a 10-bit converter, even using 0.1% precision resistors would not guarantee monotonicity of output. This being said, high resolution R-2R ladders formed from discrete components are sometimes used, the nonlinearity being corrected in software. One example of such approach can be seen in the Korad 3005 power supply.
Resistor ladder with unequal rungs
It is not necessary that each "rung" of the R–2R ladder use the same resistor values. It is only necessary that the "2R" value matches the sum of the "R" value plus the Thévenin-equivalent resistance of the lower-significance rungs. Figure 2 shows a linear 4-bit DAC with unequal resistors.
This allows a reasonably accurate DAC to be created from a heterogeneous collection of resistors by forming the DAC one bit at a time. At each stage, resistors for the "rung" and "leg" are chosen so that the rung value matches the leg value plus the equivalent resistance of the previous rungs. The rung and leg resistors can be formed by pairing other resistors in series or parallel in order to increase the number of available combinations. This process can be automated.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mixed analog and digital circuit diagrams.|
- ECE209: DAC Lecture Notes - Ohio State University
- EE247: D/A Converters - Berkeley University of California
- Simplified DAC/ADC Lecture Notes - University of Michigan
- Digital to Analog Converters (slides) - Georgia Tech
- Tutorial MT-014: String DACs and Fully-Decoded DACs - Analog Devices
- Tutorial MT-015: Binary DACs - Analog Devices
- Tutorial MT-016: Segmented DACs - Analog Devices
- Tutorial MT-018: Intentionally Nonlinear DACs - Analog Devices


text:
Trend in NAEP mathematics average scores for 13-year-old students, by gender
- At age 13, the average mathematics score for male students was higher in 2008 compared to 2004, but the score for female students was not significantly different.
- The average scores for both male and female 13-year-olds were higher in 2008 than in 1973.
* Significantly different (p <.05) from 2008.
NOTE: The lighter dashed lines for 1973 represent extrapolated data. View complete data with standard errors.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1973–2008 Long-Term Trend Mathematics Assessments.


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A long all-day meeting can be mentally draining: actively taking part and concentrating in a way you are not used to, having to absorb new information and maybe meeting new people.
Icebreakers and energising activities are ways of bringing participants together in a short time to give them new energy and new focus with help from short entertaining exercises. These activities can be a fun and effective way of loosening up the conversation, revitalising the participants, as well as allowing social interaction, which often encourages creativity.
The activities take from 5-60 minutes and can be applied in larger or smaller meetings. The longer activities can be used to start the day, after lunch or as an end to the meeting. The shorter activities require a minimum of preparation and can therefore be quickly finished to give the participants an energising short break before continuing the meeting.
These icebreakers and interim activities can also be combined with other experiences offered by Klatretræ.dk for a longer team building exercise later the same day.
8-16 pers. DKK 1.200,-
16-32 pers. DKK 3.800,
32-40 pers. DKK 4.700,
40-48 pers. DKK 5.600,


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Ingest is an application developed in collaboration with Innovasalud, an Spanish health consulting company, that addresses health data integration, data quality control and advanced statistical analysis. It is perfectly compatible with databases such as MBDS, registered in Spanish hospitals since the 1990s by ministerial directive.
- Automatic data ingesting in the system with customizable data formats
- Data quality analysis of ingested data
- Web system accessible from any browser
- Multi-user with fine grained permissions for data access and analysis capabilities
- Modular architecture with emphasis on temporal series analysis
- Analysis with different levels of granularity, with filtering capabilities for all defined variables
- Support for different versions of the ICD.
- Integration with 3M™ DRG Grouper, being able to compute the DRG within the application. Ingest also allows to analyse the grouped information with the different versions of the grouper software.
- Indicators such as PSI (defined by the AHRQ), the ones defined by the Spanish Ministry of Health (in its application iCMBD), Elixhauser's comorbidities or custom indicators defined by the user.
- Case mix and functionality indicator adjustments
- Multi-language application
- Conformance with personal data protection regulations.
- It has the expected characteristics of an integral data analysis solution: you can store frequently used queries, build custom reports, graphics, export information...
- Create filter with any MBDS variable: dates, categorical variables, numeric variables, texts, etc.
- Result groping with categorical variables
- Temporal analysis of results (trends, anomalies, etc.)
- Define analysis, comparative and reference date intervals
- Data exportation in different formats (Excel, PDF, etc.), graphic and report generation
- Aggregated results are connected with micro-scale module that lists individual records
- Storage of frequently used queries
This are the available Ingest's modules:
- Micro-scale analysis: consult and edit individual records
- Record count: reports and basic statistics with grouping and filtering with MBDS variables
- Data quality metrics: data quality analysis with more than 30 predefined metrics
- Health care quality indicators: standard indicators defined by the Spanish Ministry of Health and the AHRQ
- Variable influence analysis on health care quality indicators: identify most influential variables with advanced statistical analysis on indicators
- Case mix and functionality health care quality indicator adjustments
- Different templates can be defined to match different formats of MBDS. Each data dump is managed independently: discharge grouping and indicator calculation jobs can be defined for every dump easily using a wizard.
- Users can upload a private dump, allowing them to detect possible mistakes before publishing the data to the rest of the users.
- Data upload can be restricted to a certain time window, facilitating data consolidation.
- Different data quality analysis metrics are computed at the moment of data dump, being available for later consultation. Valid and invalid records are defined (according to template format), as well as data quality metrics in terms of data coding level.


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FLOOR SUPERVISOR REPORTS TO:
Store Manager SUMMARY:
The Floor Supervisor's primary function is to assist and support the Store and Assistant Manager in all aspects of the store, including all personnel, product, merchandising, and visual functions, business processes and results for the store. Assist management with recruiting, training and development of associates. OVERALL RESPONSIBILITIES
- Direct and motivates the store team to provide service in accordance with the TH Customer Service program, generate sales and profit, minimize losses and while ensure the store is visually distinctive and impeccably maintained.
- Maximize Associate productivity, ensure compliance and consistent execution of company standards and Policy & Procedures as well as create an environment which is results driven.
- Assist in the development of associates through feedback, coaching and training.
- Demonstrate effective written and verbal communication skills.
- Develop proficiency in all operational policies and procedures.
- Manage time and prioritize tasks.
- Maximize sales by ensuring TH Customer Service program is being executed to standard as well as ensuring merchandise styles and sizes are well represented on the sales floor.
- Assist with training, developing and executing S.G.M. and TH Customer Service.
- Communicate statistical results and identify business needs.
- Communicate with team at Take 5 meetings, regarding individual sales performance, and other key performance indicators such as UPT, conversion, store results, product sales and other information to help them provide great service and achieve goals.
- Assist with training, monitoring and executing Direct Replenishment and Recovery process.
- Recognize problems, analyze causes, and generate alternatives and solutions.
- Represent the TH image through personal and professional appearance.
- Understand and comply with all company policy, procedures and operations.
- Receiving and processing shipments and transfers.
- Follow Inventory Shrinkage Improvement Program.
- Assist to ensure store has all necessary tools (i.e. supplies, resources, binders, posters, etc.) and knowledge of how to use them adequately.
- Maintain the highest level of security and safety awareness within the store
- Store opening and closing.
- Able to lift a minimum of 40 pounds and able to stand for long periods of time.
MERCHANDISING & VISUAL RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Work with store management to source the best talent through networking and recruitment, interviewing, hiring and orientation process. Identify new hires who possess skills representative of the TH Brand and image.
- Assist in the development of all associates to be knowledgeable in areas of product and sales by communicating openly, honestly, and constructively.
- Create energy, excitement and recognition around team and individual accomplishment and successes.
- Participate and assists the Store Manager in weekly management meetings and quarterly staff meetings.
- Change schedules, adapt to the needs of the position, undertaking night shifts, weekends and holidays.
- Demonstrate teamwork and lead by example within store.
- Assists in making business decisions based on current sell-through strategies.
- Maintains elevated store presentation by training and overseeing standards as defined by brand standards and company directives with an eye for detail.
- Keep management informed of all merchandise and visual related issues.
- Execute markdowns and re-merchandise, as needed.
- Maintain store organization fixtures/hardware/general cleanliness.
PVH Corp. or its subsidiary ("PVH") is an equal opportunity employer and considers all applicants for employment on the basis of their individual capabilities and qualifications, consistent with applicable law and without regard to race, color, sex, gender identity or expression, age, religion, creed, national origin, citizenship status, sexual orientation, genetic information, physical or mental disability, military status or any other characteristic protected under federal, state or local law. In addition to complying with all applicable laws, PVH also has a strong corporate commitment to inclusion, diversity and to ensuring that all current and future PVH associates are compensated solely on job-related factors such as skill, ability, educational background, work quality, experience and potential. To achieve these goals, across the United States and its territories, PVH prohibits any PVH employee, agent or representative from requesting or otherwise considering any job applicant's current or prior wages, salary or other compensation information in connection with the hiring process. Accordingly, applicants are asked not to disclose this salary history information to PVH


Research Services
Meet your Scottish ancestors.
Do you know the name of your Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor? Let me help you meet them through the rich history of Scotland.
I have a lot of professional experience in researching peoples links to Scotland, in the past the people of Scotland have spread throughout the globe, colonising new territories and now there is barely anywhere in the world that does not have people that are originally descended from the glens and lochs of bonnie Scotland.
If you believe you have a Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor and you know their name, I can help you find out more about them, where they were from in Scotland and what kind of activities they were involved in, if you have never visited Scotland this could be the first step into a heritage you can later expand on by visiting the places I discover for you.
The Covenanters were people in Scotland who signed the National Covenant in 1638. They signed this Covenant to confirm their opposition to the interference by the Stuart kings in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the subsequent years many died to affirm this opposition either by execution or in battles and skirmishes.
There were many Jacobite rebellions. The most famous of which was 1745. Believing the British throne to be his birthright, Charles Edward Stuart, aka 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', planned to invade Great Britain along with his Jacobite followers to remove George II and restore Britain to a Roman Catholic kingship. Following defeat at Culloden on 16 April 1746 many adherents to the Jacobite revolution were displaced and were forced to flee from the purge of the British government as it sought to ensure the rebellion was crushed once and for all.
Use the links below to start your search.
Covenanter Research
Meet your Covenanter ancestor.
Jacobite research.
Meet your Jacobite ancestor.
Fraser you do great work in researching all of the finer details when it comes to the Covenanters history
You are an asset for anyone who are looking for the Covenanter Ancestors
Norman Murphy
British Columbia Canada


fbpx What are Pavers Made of? | Unilock
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What are Pavers Made of?
People tend to throw the terms "paver" "paving stone" "concrete paver" "brick paver" around interchangeably. That is because of the many changes that pavers have undergone over the years, leading to the variety of options on the market today.
Historically, pavers were made from clay or natural stone. As the availability of stone and/or raw materials declined over time, combined with changes in science and manufacturing technology, it was not long before manufactured concrete pavers became the popular hardscape choice.
At Unilock, when we talk about pavers, we are typically referring to the manufactured concrete paving stones that we produce.
Pavers are made on specialized machinery that blends the materials and presses them into paving stones. The ingredients used to create pavers are quite simple:
 1. Sharp sand
 2. Small stone chips (about 1/8" or 3 mm in size)
 3. Cement powder
 4. Water
 5. Pigment
 6. Additives to help with curing, de-molding, and reducing efflorescence.
Although pavers are made on a specialized paver machine/press, the basic ingredients of the concrete are exactly the same as traditional concrete, only with slight changes to the proportions of those ingredients.
Because of the machinery used to mold and press these pavers, these concrete pavers are two to three times stronger than regular poured-in-place concrete. The fact that they are so strong allows us to offer a Lifetime Warranty. The manufacturing process also allows us to create paving stones and retaining wall blocks in a variety of colors, shapes and textures.
The only other additional ingredients are those used to make EnduraColor products. These "secret sauce" ingredients include high-quality specialty aggregates and a slightly different manufacturing process that results in a particular look and feel, while providing visual longevity and lasting performance.
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What is a Rule?
A rule is a function or action that enables dynamic form content. An example would be a barcode rule, where a unique barcode is created for each form based on a number that changes like an order number or sales order number.
If not contained within a parent element like a table cell, both constants and rules can be clicked and dragged to any location in the form, independent of the flow of the document.
Adding a Rule: 1D Barcode
1. Right Click –> Add Rule –> 1D Barcode.
2. Name the Rule, select the variable to base the barcode on.
3. Select Barcode color, size and type.
4. The result is a barcode that's value is linked to a variable and will change as the variable changes.


Were most cave painters women? Their hand prints say yes.
Cave paintings around the world often include hand stencils, impressions left by blowing paint around a hand. A new study measured those hands and concludes that 75 percent of hand prints in Spain and France show women's hands, not the hands of men or boys as has long been assumed.
By, Correspondent
 - close
 Male and female hands are different both in size and in the ratio between the fingers. These differences enabled Dean Snow of Penn State to examine hand stencils in cave paintings (the outline impression of a hand left by blown paint) and determine that most of the measurable hand prints came from women, not men or boys.
 View Caption
Look at your hands. Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? And is your pinkie finger almost as long as your ring finger? If you answered yes to both questions, you're probably a man. (That or you're a woman with "man hands.")
The role of finger ratios to sex has been known for years, but a new study has taken that conclusion and pushed it in an unexpected direction: underground. Specifically, into caves that were painted about 30,000 years ago.
Ancient humans made hand prints or hand stencils on every inhabited continent in the world, but these cave paintings have always been attributed to men, because they're often associated with paintings of the creatures that early humans hunted, and probably for other reasons related to latent sexism. Smaller hands were attributed to young men or boys.
Recommended: Are you scientifically literate? Take our quiz
"When I first became aware of the digit ratio measure, by reading John Manning's book," says Dean Snow, an emeritus anthropology professor at Pennsylvania State University, "I walked over to the shelf and pulled off a book that's been sitting there for 40 years. I opened the flyleaf and there was a hand stencil from the cave at Pech-Merle, which I ended up using in my work. If John were anywhere near right, that was a woman's hand. It was not masculine at all. And so I thought, 'Wow, there were women down there! At least one. I wonder how many more there were?'"
Because physical traits differ with geography, Dr. Snow limited his study to caves in northern Europe. He also gathered hand measurements from over a hundred students of northern-European ethnicity, to create a modern benchmark. He found that hands fall along a continuum, from very dainty, feminine hands to very masculine hands, with a big grey area in between. He eventually developed a two-step process to predict sex just based on hand prints.
First, measure the lengths of the fingers and palm, and put the numbers into a formula Snow developed. That sorted modern hands into male and female with about 80 percent accuracy. But adolescent males, whose hands haven't reached full size, too often got lumped in with women, so Snow added a second step: look at the ratios between the fingers.
For women, the index and ring finger are often the same length, though occasionally the pointer is longer. For men, the ring finger is often noticeably longer. Then compare the pinkie to the others. In most males, young or old, the pinkie is nearly as long as the ring finger, extending up past the ring finger's highest knuckle. In women, the pinkie can be a good inch or so shorter than the ring finger.
The second step alone could distinguish young men from women with 60 percent accuracy, which Snow acknowledges is more ambiguous than he'd like. But then he found something even more surprising: the overlap between male and female hands is a modern problem.
Back in the Upper Paleolithic, physical differences between males and females – what scientists call "sexual dimorphism" – was more pronounced than it is today.
"If you scale all hands in a modern sample on a single scale, they scale from very, very feminine to very, very, masculine, and there's a great deal of overlap in the middle," Snow explains, "but when I plotted the cases from the caves against the modern distribution of several hundred individuals, the cave specimens all came out at the very ends – and in some cases beyond the ends – of the modern range of differences between males and females."
Snow visited 11 cave regions across France and Spain, focusing on caves famous for their numerous hand stencils. Unfortunately for anthropologists, blowing paint around a hand doesn't always leave a precise print of the hand, plus thirty or forty thousand years of erosion have damaged most of the samples. Of the hundreds of hand prints he examined, Snow was able to take precise, reproducible measurements of just 32, including five from Pech-Merle, the site whose photograph had launched his study.
"Now, 32 doesn't sound like a very big sample," Snow acknowledges, "but it's actually pretty big compared to the sample sizes archaeologists are often dealing with." Plus, traveling around Europe isn't always cheap: "It was as many as I could get with the amount of funding I had."
So what did he find? Only 10 percent of the hand prints on cave walls in Spain and France were left by men, and another 15 percent came from adolescent males. Fully 75 percent of the hand prints on cave walls were female.
Traditional explanations for the hand prints have focused on hunting or perhaps shamanism, but the prevalence of women's hands has reopened the question of what they mean. One researcher has suggested that these could relate to midwifery or fertility, either of humans or the animals drawn on the cave walls. But it could be that women were more involved in hunting and religious rituals than previously thought.
Snow is less captivated by the "interesting but still speculative ideas about what it might all mean," instead focusing on the groundbreaking recent discovery that cave paintings can be given surprisingly precise ages
"Are these hand stencils the same age as the animals they surround, or not? Are all the hand stencils from one part of the upper Paleolithic, or are they distributed across the whole time range? We don't know – yet."
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Regulatory Design for RES-E Support Mechanisms: Learning Curves, Market Structure, and Burden-Sharing
Carlos Batlle, Ignacio Perez-Arriaga, and P. Zambrano-Barragán
May 2011
Drawing from relevant experiences in power systems around the world, this paper offers a critical review of existing policy support mechanisms for RES-E (renewable energy sources for electricity), with a detailed analysis of their regulatory implications. While recent studies provide an account of current RES-E support systems, in this paper we focus on the impacts these mechanisms have on the overall energy market structure and its performance in the short and long term. Given the rising importance of RES-E in systems everywhere, these impacts can no longer be overlooked.
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It is imperative that healthcare organisations work continuously and collaboratively to accomplish the optimisation of patient protection. One of the fundamental aspects of the optimisation of patient protection is the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Diagnostic reference levels have been defined in FANR Regulation 24 on Basic Safety Standards for Facilities and Activities involving Ionizing Radiation other than in Nuclear Facilities (version 1) as 'a level used in medical imaging to indicate whether, in routine conditions, the Dose to the patient or the quantity of Radioactive Material administered in a specified radiological procedure is unusually high or low for that procedure. Diagnostic Reference Levels are established following consultation with health competent authorities and relevant professional bodies and are based upon surveys or published values appropriate to the circumstances in the State'. These diagnostic reference levels are specific and tailored according to patient age, organ or area on the body being examined and the clinical indication so that doses are optimised for the clinical purposes of the examination. Identification and establishment of reference levels serve as a tool to monitor the practice to ensure patient protection. It will allow FANR and the regulators of the health sector in each Emirate in the UAE to address the differences in doses between healthcare facilities for a certain examination in a specific group of patients and promote practice improvements.
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Definition of coelacanth
- a large bony marine fish with a three-lobed tail fin and fleshy pectoral fins. It was known only from fossils until one was found alive in 1938; since then others have been found near the Comoro Islands in the Indian Ocean and off Sulawesi, Indonesia.
- Latimeria chalumnae, family Latimeriidae (or Coelacanthidae), subclass Crossopterygii
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Coelacanthus (genus name), from Greek koilos 'hollow' + akantha'spine' (its fins have hollow spines)


Nov 2020
Community : I don't understand why some people struggling with mental health don't take their medications
The 2020 Point-in-Time Count reported that 61% of those experiencing homelessness in Nanaimo are also struggling with mental health. People with mental ill-health are more susceptible to factors that can lead to homelessness.
– They may not have the capacity for sustained, full-time employment;
– They may withdraw from family and friends;
– They may struggle with resiliency and resourcefulness;
– They may experience impaired judgement.
A common statement we hear is "I don't understand why some people struggling with mental health don't take their medications." The idea being that, once well, the person would be able to find employment, a home and get off of the streets. Here are some common reasons people suffering from mental ill-health may not take their medications:
Fear and shame
There's stigma around mental health struggles and taking medication means acknowledging a shaming disorder. Taking medication can seem like an admission of defeat, admitting they couldn't handle it on their own and they need help.
Many people are unaware that they're experiencing mental health struggles. Life events such as grief, trauma, or feeling stuck can feel very similar to depression, bi-polar, personality disorder or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They may not know that their experience is more than just a really hard time.
As we learn more about mental health and how it evolves throughout our lives, we're understanding more about how significant life events can cause changes in the brain. These changes can lead to life-long PTSD, depression or other mental ill-health. Many people still believe the myth that you're either born with mental ill-health or not.
Lack of access
Many people experiencing homelessness don't have access to medication and/or health care. For example, they may not have a cell phone to call for help or make an appointment with a doctor. They may not have reliable transportation or aren't able to pay for bus fare. People experiencing homelessness are fighting to address their most basic needs; staying warm and finding a meal. Making and attending a doctor's appointment is often a luxury they don't have.
Side effects
Side effects of some antidepressants, anti-anxiety medicine and psychotropic drugs can include sedation, insomnia, drowsiness, dry mouth, weight gain and sexual issues. If someone is already hesitant about taking medication, these side effects can be a powerful deterrent.
They feel better
Many people take medication until they feel better and the symptoms disappear. However, with many mental health disorders, once patients stop taking the medication the symptoms may return. Life events such as the death of a loved one or stress at work could also cause symptoms to re-appear.
It's difficult to talk about personal details with a doctor or counsellor, particularly one that a person doesn't have a relationship with. Patients also may not understand the potential benefits of the medicine, the nature of the side effects or the time it will take to see results. Physicians and counsellors may may not see their patients regularly enough to make an accurate diagnoses.
More challenges
Not only does homelessness have a direct impact on health, it makes it difficult or impossible to obtain medication and to adhere to medical treatment. The stress of experiencing homelessness may amplify mental illness disorders. People struggling with mental illness while facing homelessness encounter more barriers to employment and tend to be in poorer health than other people experiencing homelessness. [1]
To make it even more difficult, many services have long waitlists and limited availability. This can be a major barrier to getting the consistent support that recovery from mental ill-health requires.
[1] Homeless Hub
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