How to Fix Error 3 on under Mac OS X
Got error code 3 issue but still don't know how to fix error 3 on your Mac? This post here will provide a brief instruction about the error and show you how can troubleshoot this problem on your computer system.
Have a well know about your Mac error
Error 3 often comes out and appear on the computer with a notification like "[program name] cannot be operated" or "[program name] quit unexpectedly", and the specific error code number often indicates a particular type of problem on the computer. When you receive error 3 when start up/shut down the computer, or try to launch a program, the error problem will be closely related to the action you are trying to perform on the Mac.
Possible causes and of error 3
Firstly all of all, let's figure out what may cause this error issue on the computer. As we all known that the Mac computer is a kind of remarkably stable machine that people can get a better using experience with it, even though, problems and errors do happen on the device, which usually lead the Mac user have no idea to resolve. In this case, in order to fix error 3, you should firstly get know about the common or possible reasons of the error problem on the Mac. As for error 3 issue, here are some common causes of this problem:
 - Problems of preferences files
 - Kernel Panic issues
 - Full usage of start-up disk or hard disk
 - Installed application issue
Realize the general consequences after getting such an error
Why people often feel worry about the error and want to fix error 3 as quickly as possible on the Mac? This is because the error problem will cause many unexpected problems and issues on the computer, such as:
 - Annoying error notification constantly display on the computer
 - Always encounter a problem when start up or shut down the computer system
 - Computer freezes, crash issues frequently occur on the Mac
 - Several applications and system features cannot perform as usual on the PC
 - More and more error problems happen on the computer
If this error issue stay on the Mac for a long time and still cannot be resolved, you will find more and more troubles and problems when using the computer. So you should take the following instant measures to get rid of the error issue on your PC.
How can troubleshoot and fix error 3 well on Mac
Uninstall the program which cause the error
Program installation often has a particular requirement for the operation system, when a program is installed on an OS which actually does not support this specific program, errors will be triggered when you install the application. What's more, a corrupted program issue will also cause the operating error on the Mac. If you get the error 3 with such a program problem, in order to fix error 3 well, please firstly go to uninstall the app thoroughly on your PC, and then you can consider to reinstall it if the app is supported to use on your OS X.
Clean associated preferences files
Preference is a type of file on the Mac that store the rules or parameters which aims at telling the applications about how they should work on the device. Corrupted or overloaded preferences files on the Mac computer can easily cause the computer itself or some other applications cannot operate effectively and normally, and the error 3 will thus be triggered and trouble you.
Many common Mac users would choose to uninstall a program via the Trash, but this program removal method generally cause many preferences files of the program cannot be cleaned well on the Mac. In this case, useless files will accumulate in the Library, and cause many issues and problems on the computer. So, preference file issue is a very general issue with the error 3, to fix error 3 in this case, you should clean the associated preferences files, and restart the related program or feature to see if it can behave normally.
 1. Click on Go on the top menu, select "Go to Folder..."
 2. Type "/Library/" in the box, and press the Return key
 3. Open Preferences folder in the Library, and locate the preferences related to the problematic app, and then select to remove them to the Trash
 4. Restart the application and check whether it can operate smoothly without error 3
Disable useless start-up items
Programs listed on the start-up items are all the applications that will launch automatically when booting up the system, invalid or useless start-up items on the list will cause the OS X cannot help you to activate the associated programs with success, so the error code will display to report this problem on the PC. In order to fix error 3 with this problem, it is necessary to do a check for the list of log-in items, and delete the ones which haven't been used in currently, and it is also suggested to disable the ones which don't need to be launch automatically on Mac.
Tips can manually disable start-up item on Mac
 1. Click on the Apple icon at the top left corner, select System Preferences on the sub-menu
 2. Go open the Users & Groups pane, you will see a list of apps which will start-up automatically when you start your Mac
 3. Select an item you need to remove from the list, and click on the minus sign button.
Clean junk files on the hard disk
Using the computer and surfing online usually creates a lot of junk files, the advanced OS X is also no exception. So it should be a regular work for people to clean up the junk files on Mac, otherwise too much garbage staying on the computer will cause troublesome issue of running the application and system, which including the error 3. So, to fix error 3, it is suggested to check the junk files on your Mac, and clean them completely.
Take a utility to complete this fixing steps automaticall
If you don't want to take too much time to clean and optimize the Mac manually, taking an advanced optimize utility can replace you to to manage the start-up items and clean useless files, and you can finish the above fixing tasks very easily in a short time. More significantly, using such a genuine tool also can help you avoid the manual error on your computer.
MacSavior is an advanced Mac fix tool that allows you to fix the troublesome Mac issues automatically, and optimize the OS X in many aspects, which will be a good choice for you to complete the above manual fix steps quickly and avoid any possible manual error.
How to fix error 3 with other causes like hardware issues?
Mac hardware encountering a problem is a serious issue on the computer but not happen very frequently, if you unfortunately encounter this problem on your Mac, you will get a Kernel Panic, and the computer freeze-up, screen turning gray and other unexpected error like error 3 displaying on the PC. To resolve the hardware issue and stop the associated errors on the computer, you should turn to fix the hardware well. Repairing the hardware on Mac is often a big task for many people, in this case, inviting a professional fixing utility or computer expert will be very needed. Already understand how to fix error 3 well? Why not take immediate actions now to troubleshoot it on your computer?
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As an art form, street art has had a stylistic resurgence during the past decade, but art as the signification of communication over public space is hardly a new idea, especially in Latino communities (Davillla 95). In looking beyond the aesthetic nature of graffiti and public murals, and by looking at its communicative attributes, graffiti and public art space can be analyzed as site-specific literacies that are read and written within the social contexts of the communities that surround them.
Public art has a strong cultural backbone in Latino communities, one that has translated into East Harlem or "El Barrio's" rich history in public murals. These murals offer a platform for public discourse, and of course, one representation of the mural is the memorial mural that was once a common sight in El Barrio. In Martha Cooper's and Joseph Sciorra's book, RIP Memorial Wall Art, they write, "Latino artists play a predominant role in the development of the New York memorial tradition… the strong Latino presence reveals a historic precedent for the memorial tradition. The walls are updated version of roadside crosses" (Cooper and Sciorra 10).
This project is an exploration of the public dialogues that are negotiated by murals in East Harlem, NYC. Data was collected by walking the neighborhood, and by documenting the information as it was laid out for me. By looking at the mural as a mode of negotiated space within the community, and the discrepancies between the dialogues that surround them, one can begin to see the inkling of networks across institutions, places, and personal perceptions and memories that help lay out both the physical landscape of East Harlem, and the perceptions of the community that inhabits it.
Cooper, Martha and Joseph Sciorra. RIP: Memorial Wall Art. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992. Print.
Davila, Arlene. "The Marketable Neighborhood: Commercial Latinidad in New York's East Harlem". MediaSpace: place, scale, and culture in a media age. Psychology Press, 2004. Print.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Accession number: 1997.131
Beginning in 1888, streetcars were the dominant means of public transportation in Richmond until they were replaced by buses in 1949. A 1906 law required black Virginians to sit at the back of all public transit vehicles. Streetcars inadvertently fostered segregation by race and economic class. The exhibition features this Richmond streetcar, bought by the city in 1918.
This video, excerpted from Witness to a Century, discusses segregation in Virginia.


Cultural Competence Toolkit – Involving Volunteers from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds
Cultural Competence aims to foster constructive interactions between members of different cultures. The following is a widely used definition: "Cultural competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross cultural situations" (Cross et al, 1989). The word "culture" implies an integrated pattern of human behavior and the word "competence" implies having the capacity to function effectively. Cultural competence should be viewed as an on-going process. Through this process, individuals develop awareness and knowledge about the value that diversity can bring to an organization and a community. Cultural competence goes beyond "culture as ethnicity" to discover the complexities of individual cultural identities (Cross et al, 1989). A culturally competent organization: Values diversity and incorporates at all levels the importance of culture.
Conducts an assessment of cross-cultural relations.
Is vigilant towards and manages the dynamics of cultural difference.
Expands its cultural knowledge.
Adapts its services to meet the culturally-unique needs of individuals served
(Cross et al, 1989).


© 2016 Shmoop University, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Bluest Eye
The Bluest Eye
by Toni Morrison
The Bluest Eye: That Should Get You an Instant Promotion from the Third Reich True or False
1. What happened shortly before the start of this story? -> World War I
2. What does Pecola dislike about herself? -> Her name, which is an abbreviation for Pepsi-Cola
3. What does Pecola pray for? -> Blue eyes
4. What are the three women who live above Pecola's house? -> Prostitutes
5. What does Junior blame on Pecola? -> The death of a cat


_USER_{7005, abstract = {Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis generates synaptic vesicles (SVs) during intense neuronal activity via a two-step process. First, bulk endosomes are formed direct from the plasma membrane from which SVs are then generated. SV generation from bulk endosomes requires the efflux of previously accumulated calcium and activation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin. However, it is still unknown how calcineurin mediates SV generation. We addressed this question using a series of acute interventions that decoupled the generation of SVs from bulk endosomes in rat primary neuronal culture. This was achieved by either disruption of protein–protein interactions via delivery of competitive peptides, or inhibition of enzyme activity by known inhibitors. SV generation was monitored using either a morphological horseradish peroxidase assay or an optical assay that monitors the replenishment of the reserve SV pool. We found that SV generation was inhibited by, (i) peptides that disrupt calcineurin interactions, (ii) an inhibitor of dynamin I GTPase activity and (iii) peptides that disrupt the phosphorylation-dependent dynamin I–syndapin I interaction. Peptides that disrupted syndapin I interactions with eps15 homology domain-containing proteins had no effect. This revealed that (i) calcineurin must be localized at bulk endosomes to mediate its effect, (ii) dynamin I GTPase activity is essential for SV fission and (iii) the calcineurin-dependent interaction between dynamin I and syndapin I is essential for SV generation. We therefore propose that a calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation cascade that requires both dynamin I GTPase and syndapin I lipid-deforming activity is essential for SV generation from bulk endosomes.}, author = {Cheung, Giselle T and Cousin, Michael A.}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {Journal of Neurochemistry}, number = {5}, pages = {570--583}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Synaptic vesicle generation from activity‐dependent bulk endosomes requires a dephosphorylation‐dependent dynamin–syndapin interaction}}, doi = {10.1111/jnc.14862}, volume = {151}, year = {2019}, }


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The fourth step of a typical Oracle | Primavera Risk (Pertmaster) Monte Carlo analysis is to load uncertainty or productivity ranges on the network activities. Loading three-point estimates (minimum, likely, and maximum) manually can be very time for large projects, however may be very useful for summary schedules or key areas of the project schedule.
Video Walkthrough of Manually Loading Risk Ranges in Oracle | Primavera Risk (Pertmaster) (Duration: 4 min: 49 sec)
Overview and Steps
- The Primavera and Microsoft Project Gantt Chart views have the minimum, most likely, and maximum columns shown.
- The duration uncertainty column can be added to any view. The columns are Risk Input – Duration Minimum, Risk Input – Duration Most Likely, Risk Input – Duration Maximum.
- The distribution type (Triangle, Beta Pert, etc) can be added to any view by adding the Risk Input – Duration Distribution column.
- The risk analyst can type directly in the columns to manually set the three-point estimates.
- The minimum, most likely, and max can be equal, however the durations cannot be out of logical order. For example, the minimum cannot be bigger than the most likely or maximum.
Viewing Risk Data in the Navigation Pane
- The risk data can also be manually manipulated via the Risk and Uncertainty tab in the navigation pane.
- The risk analyst or auditor can find any risk information for the project located in the Risk and Uncertainty tab, such as three-point estimates and probability of occurrence.
- A second layer of tabs will appear when the Risk and Uncertainty tab is selected. Project managers can change the three-point estimates and distributions in the Duration Uncertainty tab located in the second layer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What is a Serving Size of Fruit?
Make sure you get enough fruit servings with this portion control guide to fruit.
When it comes to eating a healthy balanced diet, having enough fruit servings is essential. Fruit is full of vitamins and fiber, has little or no fat and is packed with antioxidants, which help to reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke and certain types of cancer.
How many servings of fruit do you need every day? It depends on your calorie needs. An adult eating 2,000 calories a day should aim for 2 cups of fruit. A good rule is to fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables. (Remember that fruit juice doesn't have the fiber content of whole fruit and that dried fruits are calorie-dense and may contain added sugars.) Check out these examples of a serving size of fruit, as well as a serving of juice and a serving of dried fruit.
Next: What is the Serving Size of Berries? »
More Healthy Fruit Recipes & Tips


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Graham's number is a very, very big number that was discovered by a man called Ronald Graham. It is the answer to a problem in an area of mathematics called Ramsey theory, and is one of the biggest number ever used in a mathematics study.
Even if every number in the number was written in the tiniest writing possible, it would still be too big to fit in all the universe that scientists have seen so far – in other words: the universe is just too small a place to be able to write this number in.
Graham's number is connected to the following problem in the branch of mathematics known as Ramsey theory: (Note that the symbol ^ is used to denote "to the power")
Consider an n-dimensional hypercube, and connect each pair of vertices to obtain a complete graph on 2^n vertices. Then colour each of the edges of this graph either red or blue. What is the smallest value of n for which every such colouring contains at least one single-coloured 4-vertex planar complete subgraph?
Graham and Rothschild proved in 1971 that this problem has a solution, N*, and gave as a bounding estimate 6 ≤ N* ≤ N, with the upper bound N a particular, explicitly defined, very large number. In other words, the smallest possible value of N was thought to be 6 in 1971. However, this answer has been debunked. A possible solution points to the smallest value of N being at least 11, it may well be 12, but the answer lies between 11 and Graham's Number (G).
To convey the difficulty of appreciating the enormous size of Graham's number, it may be helpful to express—in terms of exponentiation alone—just the first term (g1) of the rapidly growing 64-term sequence.
(I) 3x3x3 is 3^3 is 27.
(II) 3^^3 is 7625597484987 you can think of this as 3 mutiplied by its self 3^3 times so 3x3x3x3x3….27 times.
(III.a) 3^^^3 is so huge, its digits would fill up the universe and beyond. it has 3638334640025 decimal digits – and this is only the start.
(III.b) 3^^^3 can also be represented as g1.
(IV) g2 is equal to 3^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^…3 the number of arrows (^) in this number is g1 this means there are 3^^^3, arrows, or levels of exponents, in g2.
(V) g3 is equal to 3^^^^^^^^^^…3 the number of arrows is the value of g2 and so on.
(VI) g64 is equal to G, graham's number.
Because of the Knuth up-arrow notation described here we know that the last ten numbers in Graham's number are […] _PHONE_. But the actual entire number (the remaining cyphers preceding these last ten numbers put together in one large number) is virtually infinitely longer.
The point of Graham's number (G) is that it is the answer to the upper bound of N in this particular hypercube problem. Whatever the smallest value of N must be in this particular problem remains unclear. The answer probably lies between 11 and G. There is quite a margin of error to render faulty.


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07/21/2008SQL Manager for PostgreSQL version 4.4 released
We are pleased to announce the new minor version of SQL Manager for PostgreSQL - a high performance tool for PostgreSQL database administration and development. You can download the newest version from the download page.
What's new in SQL Manager for PostgreSQL 4.4?
- Backup Database and Restore Database wizards are added which allow you to perform backup and restore operations with pg_dump and pg_restore utilities available in PostgreSQL.
- Aggregate Editor. Added the support of aggregate functions with multiple arguments. The support of the sort operator is implemented for MINor MAX-like aggregates.
- Function Editor
- Added the support of planner options for PostgreSQL version 8.3.
- The shortcuts Ctrl+Up/Ctrl+Down are added to change the arguments order.
- When recreating a function, grants on this function were not restored. Fixed now.
- Data Grid.
- The Support of the PostGIS geometry type is implemented. You can view and edit the geometry columns in the Table Editor. Now in the SQL Editor you can also edit the columns based on the asEWKT and asText functions.
- The new option 'Use key and changed fields' (Environment Options | Grid | Data Options) is added to search for records on update or delete.
- Numeric values of high precision are now displayed and edited correctly.
- Function Debugger.
- The 'Run to cursor' command is added.
- If any syntax error is found, the number of the line with this error is now returned.
- Some errors of function execution are fixed; the support of new PL/pgSQL constructions is added.
- SQL Script.
- The support of the '\connect ' command is added to define the current database during the script execution.
- The 'Default directory for scripts' option located in the Database Registration Info dialog did not work. Fixed now.
- The support of CREATE RULE statements with ALSO clause is added. The end of the statement was identified incorrectly. Fixed now.
- After importing data into a table with the help of the Data Import wizard or after inserting records into the table in the editing mode, current sequence values are updated for the SERIAL and BIGSERIAL fields.
- Tablespace Editor. Now the tablespace size is displayed.
- HTML Report. The possibility to change the font size for the DDL section is added.
- Index Editor. The option 'Mark as index to cluster table on' is added.
- The toolbar with tools from the Services menu is added to the main form.
- The support of the LATIN9 encoding is added for opening/saving SQL scripts.
- Changing Metadata. Now the size and position of the corresponding window are saved for the next session.
- It is now possible to insert a tab symbol in the Description field of object editors.
- Visual DB Designer. The NOT NULL flag was not displayed for the fields based on NOT NULL domains. Fixed now.
- Extract Database.
- In some cases functions were doubled in the result script. Fixed now.
- Tables created with the WITH OIDS option were extracted without this option. Fixed now.
- The position and content of the toolbars located on the main form were not saved. Fixed now.
- The Code Parameters list did not work for quoted object names. Fixed now.
- SQL Editor. SQL sorting did not work for grouping queries with ORDER BY clause. Fixed now.
- Large number of other small improvements and bugfixes.
We hope you'll enjoy working with our software.


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Asian Self-Employment: The Interaction of Culture and Economics in England
Self-employment has grown disproportionately amongst South Asians. Today, one third of Asian men in paid employment are self-employed, compared to one fifth of white men. In some parts of the UK, Asian businesses are expanding more rapidly than those of any other group. Yet these positive trends mask a more complex and less optimistic picture than is commonly painted. There are sharp differences in levels of business success between various groups in the Asian community, and indications suggest that the remarkable growth seen over recent decades is losing its momentum, as the first generation British Asians encourage their children to move into professional and salaried careers.
This study offers, for the first time, a detailed comparison of different Asian communities, and challenges the common assumption that all Asian groups can be regarded as the same. Amongst its findings, it identifies:
- ways in which culture and religion could impact on entry into self-employment, on the development of the business and on satisfaction with self-employment
- how negative factors such as racism at work and 'dead-end jobs' have led to increased levels of self-employment
- barriers to success in business, and how specific problems are more prevalent amongst specific Asian groups
- the need to target assistance, and
- evidence that Asian self-employment may not continue at its current high rates.


If both parents names are on your birth certificate and they are not married, can you carry both their surnames putting your father's first and mother's surname last on your ID card?
If you are applying for your first National ID card and your parents were unmarried at the time of your birth you can have both their surnames placed on your card as your surname, provided that you can show proof that either;
(1) you have used the name throughout your school life by way of a letter from the school or examination certificate (s) or
(2) show other form of ID such as a Passport.
However if you already are in possession of a valid National ID card under either parents surname but you wish to now carry both surnames on your ID, a Protocol of Deed or Deed Poll is required.
Posted in


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This book explores various components of successful confidence building measure agreements, such as open communication, arms control initiatives, verification and monitoring programs and conflict resolution protocols. It assesses how successful such incremental steps might be in the Middle East.
Table of Contents
Part One: Introduction 1. Confidence Building Measures in the Middle East Part Two: Regional Actors: The Israelis and the Palestinians 2. The Palestinians and Confidence Building Measures in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Implications of Statelessness 3. Confidence and Security Building: The Israeli Domestic Dimension 4. Confidence Building Measures and Israeli Security Concerns 5. The Role of Extremist Political Groups in the Context of Confidence Building Between the Israelis and Palestinians Part Three: Regional Actors: Arab States 6. Reflections on Confidence Building in an Intricate Regional "Security Complex"—The Middle East 7. Israel and Syria: The Problem of Confidence 8. Jordan and the Question of Confidence Building: The Politics of Ambivalence 9. Confidence Building and Dilemmas of Cooperation: The Egyptian-Israeli Experiment Part Four: External Actors and Interactions 10. The United States and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process 11. Russia's Role in Peacemaking and Confidence Building in the Middle East: Present and Future 12. The Evolution of Arms Control in the Middle East 13. Can the Media Mediate? Mass-Mediated Diplomacy in Part Five: Reflections About Confidence Building in the Middle East 14. Towards a Confidence Transformational Dynamic 15. Confidence Building and the Peace Process in the Middle East


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*With the release of Prospect 2.0, we now support FBX files. We recommend exporting to an FBX file from 3ds Max, rather than an OBJ.
*Note for 3ds Max 2019: The latest version of 3ds Max no longer supports Autodesk Standard materials, and the default material option is now an Autodesk Physical Material. These materials cannot be exported to FBX or OBJ files, so they will not appear in Prospect. A workaround you can use to export these materials is to convert them to Scanline Standard materials.
Software platforms write to OBJ files in different ways, so you may experience varying performance or need to take different steps when exporting from third party software. In some cases, you may find that loading your OBJ file into software that Prospect is natively integrated with, such as Rhino, and then launching through our add-in will produce superior results and allow you to better maintain the fidelity of your OBJ file.
Follow these steps in order to successfully produce an OBJ and MTL file that works with IrisVR Prospect with 3ds Max.
1. Before exporting, create a new folder on your computer where you will save the OBJ and texture files. Open Asset Tracking in 3ds Max.
2. Select all of the Full Paths under Maps / Shaders and right click to open a Menu
3. Select 'Make Path Relative to Project Folder'
4. Exit out of Asset Tracking
5. Select Export
4. Select OBJ in the dropdown and name your file
5. Make sure the options look like below
6. Select Map-Export and make sure 'Use map-path' is unchecked.
7. Maintain the format as JPG
8. Select Export. The resulting folder should look something like this, with the various textures used in your file visible as images:
9. Drag and Drop your file into Prospect and launch!
You may experience incompatibility when using the layers function with an OBJ file, in which case we recommend using a native file format.


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Small firms, source of entrepreneurship
Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea have made a remarkable contribution to promoting industrial productivity and leading economic growth. Small businesses and their entrepreneurship have been a primary source in providing jobs and powering the economy.
Several characteristics and quality of SMEs in Korea is worth our attention.
First, they are both labor ― and technology-intensive. In order to produce more with less input, they should specialize in the utilization of one factor of production ― either labor or technology.
Many companies enter into new markets where they can enjoy the advantage of laboror technology-intensiveness. Actually, it is the severe competition with big businesses that forces them to be highly productive ― a kind of survival of the fittest in the industrial eco-system. SMEs can find their ecological habitat in either the relatively high-labor intensive or high-tech industries.
Second, there is a closely-knit web of SMEs in Korea. Compared to big businesses and foreign companies, small businesses were at a disadvantage when they started marketing their own brand name or investing in research and development (R&D).
Their alternative strategy was to build up their own networks and share the resources to maximize the benefit of cooperation. (ex: regional cluster & Co-branding)
Third, their relationship with the big businesses and conglomerates, chaebol in Korean, was not always bad because they depended on each other though they competed sometimes.
In many cases, SMEs produced goods through original equipment manufacturing (OEM) contracts with chaebol. For instance, SMEs made many, if not all, the parts for big carmakers Hyundai, Kia and Daewoo for Promoting efficiency & mutually beneficial partnership.
Fourth, in Korea, SMEs have been the source of entrepreneurship. Studious individuals can realize their ambitions. In SMEs, not like in the bureaucratic structure of big business, everyone can exert managerial abilities according to their genuine capabilities. ― even offering novice leaning and experience. Fifth, SMEs have spearheaded globalization.
They are working within the global value chain, producing in partnership with major businesses of multinational companies, exporting Korean managerial style and working ethics. In year 2000, the International Network of Korean Entrepreneurs (INKE) was organized to allow companies to cooperate for their mutual interest.
Lastly, SMEs, especially venture companies have played a very important role in the structural change of the Korean economic system. They are specialized in highly-advanced computer electronic technology and led the economy into the knowledge-based society. (ex: bio-technology, nano-technology and environmentally friendly energy investment)
The most important factor is efficient and balanced public policies. Here are two groups of public policies giving protection and support to SMEs in Korea, first, those for financial support, and second, those for fair competition and control of monopolies.
First, the Korean government has provided various policy incentives in finance for SMEs. In the financial sector, there is the Small and Medium Industry Bank (SMIB) which provides money to SMEs at low interest rates.
The Small & Medium Business Administration (SMBA) has been in the driver's seat of Korea's SME-led innovation in the national economy.
Second, the Korean government has provided anti-monopoly and competition policies. Korea legislated the Anti-Monopoly Act in the 1980s and created the Fair Trade Commission to level the ground for fair competition. Thanks to these measures, SMEs have relatively fair surroundings for their economic activities.
Now the distribution of SMEs in Korea is not bell-shaped, but a twin peak model. This phenomenon reflects the advancement of high-tech venture companies on the one hand, and the economic difficulties of other SMEs on the other.
Several policy measures have been proposed. First, companies should diversify and stabilize their financial mobilization.
Second, networks ought to be emphasized. Third, innovation and entrepreneurship is always the thrust of success of SMEs. Continuous R&D, investment in human capital and constant transformation of structures are the key to success.
The government's role for SMEs has changed from incubator to helper. Now the only one responsible for the innovation and entrepreneurship are the SMEs themselves.
Hermann Simon, leading scholar on SMEs said that in this economic crisis, the market is transforming itself and the hidden champions of SMEs are the ones that transform and produce dynamic and strong economic growth in one economic system.
Will Korea produce these kinds of hidden champions? We are not certain. However, at least, it has a lot of hidden champions and they are very good role models for future entrepreneurs.


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Hello Friends, In this article today I will discuss Bamboo which we can use in construction works, and why bamboo is stronger than steel reinforcement so, Let's get started.
Bamboo is Stronger than Steel
Bamboo has quite high tensile strength. It is comparable with steel.
Apart from this, bamboo has an impermeable protective layer on the outer side which protects it from rotting due to water, which is a major problem for almost all organic material.
Use of Bamboo and its strength
Now in civil engineering, many people are using bamboo in place of steel for reinforcement, but bamboo is an excellent choice for reinforcement in concrete because of its higher strength as compared to steel by weight, the tensile strength Bamboo's tensile strength is roughly 28,000 per square inch versus steel's 23,000.
Bamboo is stronger more than 6 times of steel reinforcement,
In comparison, the energy needed to produce steel is almost 50 times that of this natural product. In tensile load application, results shown by bamboo are exciting because the ratio of tensile strength to specific weight of bamboo is six times greater than steel.
Article Source: civilstudents.com


Tag Archives: herb information
Acacia Gumthe Gift that Keeps On Giving
This entry was posted in acacia gum powder, cosmetic ingredients, emulsifing agent, herb, Natures Garden and tagged,,,,,, on by.
In what seems to be a never ending list of uses, Acacia gum tops the herb charts with its versatility.
History has long seen Acacia Gum as a prized export among many countries. The acacia gum is a natural gum that is produced from the sap of acacia trees. Harvested during the rainy season, acacia trees discharge the gum, which then collects in the furrows of the bark, as well as on the branches and stems of the tree. Once exposed to the air, the gum begins to harden; a process that takes about 15 days. The hardened gum which is either in tear drop shape or vermicular (worm shape) is then collected by hand.
Thriving in unfavorable conditions, the Acacia trees yield more gum where there is excessive heat, drought, or poor soil. In fact, damaged Acacia trees actually produce more abundant gum then the healthier trees. The most bountiful harvest of the Acacia tree gum is generated in Sudan.
Medically speaking, Acacia gum has been used for years in herbal medicine. Safe for ingestion, the herb is easily digested by humans and is colorless, flavorless, and odorless. Externally, this herb is limitless although allergens can play a role for certain people.
Until 1940, Acacia gum was seen as the go to remedy for any ailment needing a coating of alleviation. Prime examples of this would include laryngitis, UTI's, sore throats, IBS, and diarrhea. Acacia gum powder mixed with water was even highly recommended for the early stages of typhoid. This medical marvel was even used in bandages for burns, rashes, and diseases of the skin, as well as inflammations of the body.
Nutritionally, Acacia gum was often consumed by many Nomadic tribes as a form of food supplement since fresh fruits and veggies were scarce. Today many of our foods contain Acacia gum for various reasons. For example, soda pops that contain flavoring oils (lemon/lime) use the addition of acacia gum to help keep the flavor evenly suspended among the beverage. In the baking world, Acacia gum is used in making gum paste, whipped creams, sweet syrups, and candies. Acacia gum can even extend the shelf life of some foods.
For bath and body products or cosmetic recipes this ingredient is a dream come true. It can be used to make a medium for applying oils (like essential oils or musks), stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier, demulcent, suspending agent, emulsion stabilizer, and foam stabilizer. Acacia gum can even be added to lose powder cosmetics to prevent clumping. Other bath and body items that can be made with Acacia gum at a usage rate varying for 1-10% (of the formula) include: lotions, creams, pomades, shampoos, body washes, balms, and mascara.


text:
Bava Batra, Chapter Two, Mishnah Eleven
Mishnah eleven deals with distancing trees from cisterns lest the roots break the underground walls of the cisterns.
1) A tree may not be grown within twenty five cubits of a cistern, or within fifty cubits if it is a carob or a sycamore, whether it is higher or on the same level.
2) If the cistern was there first the tree shall be cut down and compensation given.
a) If the tree was there first it shall not be cut down.
b) If it is in doubt which was there first, the tree shall not be cut down.
c) Rabbi Yose says: Even if the cistern was there before the tree it should not be cut down, since this one dug within his own domain and the other planted within his own domain.
Section one prohibits one from planting a tree either twenty five or fifty cubits, depending on the type of tree, from anothers cistern lest the roots damage the cistern. This is true whether the tree is on higher or equal ground to the cistern.
Section two deals with the consequences of a tree that was planted closer than twenty five or fifty cubits. If the cistern was there first, the tree must be cut down, but the owner will receive compensation. Even though he was not supposed to plant there, it is still his property and therefore he is paid for the loss of the tree. However, the cistern owner can at least take the initiative and force him to remove his tree. If, however, the tree was there first, the owner of the cistern cannot even force the tree owner to remove the tree. If it is unclear which is there first, the tree is not removed.
Rabbi Yose has a different opinion. According to him, so long as each persons activities are confined to his property, the other cannot force him to remove the potentially offending object, in this case a tree. Rabbi Yose is what we might in our time call a right to privacy advocate.
Questions for Further Thought
· In mishnah seven we discussed a similar issue to this mishnah. What are the differences between the two mishnayoth and why do you think they exist?


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void fun(void *x)
 //what is the data type of 'x', since I could have passed float instead of
 // int so first I have to check datatype of this and then proceed further.
int main()
 int n=10;
You can see that we dont know the type of 'x' in function fun() so how could we find out that without using(passing) any other information in function argument?
share|improve this question
You can't, I'm afraid. Not in pure C. You'll need to pass additional information. – Baldrick Oct 29 '13 at 14:14
C knows nothing more than that contained in the arguments type -- so in this case that it is a 'pointer to something'. There are some mechanisms in C++ to help but they aren't going to work when passing a simple 'int'. – Rob Oct 29 '13 at 14:16
While not about void pointers, printf is a similar case. You send type information, in the form of a format string, to the function, so it can know the type of data it receives. – Thomas Padron-McCarthy Oct 29 '13 at 14:52
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5 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
C11 has type-generic expressions to help you solve this problem. You could do something like this example:
_TAG_ myFunction(X) _Generic((X), \
 int *: myFunctionInt, \
 float *: myFunctionFloat, \
 default: myFunctionInt \
void myFunctionInt(int *x);
void myFunctionFloat(float *x);
And then call it the way you are:
int n = 10;
float n = 10.0f;
You will need to implement the separate target functions, but you could just do the pointer magic there and pass off to a common handler, for example.
share|improve this answer
TIL C11 has generics – constantius Oct 29 '13 at 15:21
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C does not have runtime type information. When you pass a pointer, then you pass a naked pointer - a memory address.
If you are using pointers to void but need to know the type, then you have to pass some additional information. Otherwise, you create different functions for different types, like foo that expects an int, dfoo that expects a double and so on.
share|improve this answer
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You cannot know the type when you cast to a void *. You have to be careful while using a void pointer, because you can cast it to any type. That is the purpose to have a void pointer.
share|improve this answer
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C does not allow to get the type of the variable passed by void*. The only thing, that you can do it is write kind of object oriented code by your self.
Probably something like this:
typedef struct generic_type_s
 void* data;
 void (*f)(void* data);
} generic_type_t;
void f_int(void* _data)
 int* data = (int*)_data;
 // Do something
int main()
 int data1 = 10;
 // Generic variable initialization
 generic_type_t gv;
 gv.data = &data1;
 gv.f = f_int;
 // Calling an appropriate function
 return 0;
share|improve this answer
add comment
The C way of doing this is using a tagged union:
typedef enum {
 // will default to TypeUnitialized if unspecified in structure initializer
 TypeUninitialized = 0,
 TypeFloat = 1,
} type_t;
typedef struct {
 type_t type;
 union {
 int u_int;
 float u_float;
} gen_val_t;
void fun(gen_val_t v)
 switch (v.type) {
 case TypeFloat:
 // process float
 case TypeInt:
 // process int
 // error
int main(int argc, char **argv)
 gen_val_t ov = {.type = TypeFloat,
 .u_float = 3.45 };
share|improve this answer
ultimately You are passing extra information. – Gaurav Jain Oct 29 '13 at 15:39
There's no way of getting this information at runtime except manual instrumentation like this. So it's in no way extra. – constantius Oct 29 '13 at 16:35
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Your Answer


text:
Learn more physics!
how can you make tower the strongest by using trusses and the other things? (only with woods, and glues, and tapes?)
Georgia Okeeffe elementary school, Albuqurque,nm, Uni
Trusses are very frequently used for building things
like towers and bridges. This is because they are constructed out of
triangle shapes. Triangles are a great shape to use for this because a
triangle cannot change shape without changing the length of at least
one side. The sticks used usually are rigid enough to prevent their
lengths from changing. In contrast, a square can flop into a skinnier
shape without changing any side lengths, so its strength depends on
making the joints between the sides strong and rigid, which is not so
There are a number of different kinds of trusses
because there are many different ways to arrange triangles. Which kind
is best depends on the situation - the shape of the tower, what sort of
stresses it's likely to be under, etc. If you are building a tower for
a project, you can try experimenting with different arrangements of
triangles to see what works best.
(published on 10/22/2007)
Follow-up on this answer.


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How to Force Safari to Sync with iCloud
When iCloud syncing is turned on, Safari is supposed to automatically sync your web browsing history and tabs with your other iCloud-enabled OS X and iOS devices. That doesn't always work as described, however. If your Safari history and settings on the Mac aren't syncing over to iCloud, you can manually force the sync process.
This setting in the Mac app will make sure recently visited webpages will also be accessible from your iPad or iPhone. First we'll have to enable the hidden Debug menu in Safari.
1. Quit Safari in OS X. Use the Command+Q shortcut to quickly close the program or go to Safari > Quit Safari.
2. Open Terminal. You can do this with the Command+Spacebar shortcut and searching for "terminal" or going to your Applications > Utilities folder.
3. Type in the command below:
defaults write IncludeInternalDebugMenu 1
4. Press Enter.
5. Relaunch Safari. You should see the new debug menu in Safari.
6. Click Debug > Sync iCloud History.
This will manually force a sync of your Safari history to your other Apple devices over iCloud.


Path: Home ==> AVR-EN ==> Micro beginner ==> 7. LED with key interrupt Diese Seite in Deutsch (extern): Flag DE Logo
Lecture 7: A LED blinks with a key interrupt
With this lecture we learn how external level changes on a pin can be used to generate an interrupt. We use the interrupt INT0 to detect such level changes without having to poll pins in lengthy loops.
7.0 Overview
 1. Introduction to key operation and INT0 programming
 2. Tasks to be performed
 3. Hardware, components, mounting
 4. Program
7.1 Introduction to key operation and INT0 programming
7.1.1 Keys on input ports
If a port pins output driver is switched of, by clearing its DDR/port bit, the logical state of the pin can be read in and, depending from this state, decisions can be made such as conditional branching etc.
This is such a simple wiring to follow the external switch:
Switch on port pin
To light a LED on port pin PB0 as long as the switch on PB1 is high (connected to the positive operating voltage), the following program would be necessary:
 sbi DDRB,PB0 ; enable LED output driver PB0
 sbis PINB,PINB1 ; jump over next instruction if input pin is high
 sbi PORTB,PORTB0 ; switch LED off
 sbic PINB,PINB1 ; jump over next instruction if input pin is low
 cbi PORTB,PORTB0 ; switch LED on
 rjmp Loop
Now, what happens if the switch is defect or the switch is not attached to the pin? The input is open and, due to the extremely high input resistance on any changes in its proximity, e.g. electrical fields from the 50/60 cs/s electricity supply net, static voltages of fingers in close distance or level changes on neighboring pins. The result is an uncontrolled flickering of the LED.
Pull-Up To end the flickering the input resistance of the port pin has to be reduced and a definitive level has to be applied. This is done with a resistor of e.g. 47 k. Now the open input has a defined high level, if the resistor is attached to the operating voltage. If the switch is closed the additional current is not very large (0.1 mA), even with a mouse piano attached (eight switches in a row). Note that the default level with such a pull-up resistor is high if no switch or key are attached.
Because pull-up resistors on open input pins are necessary very often, those are built-in in AVRs. They are switched on by clearing the data direction bit and setting the output bit. E.g. like this:
 cbi DDRB,DDB1 ; direction pin PB1 = input
 sbi PORTB,PORTB1 ; switch on pull-up resistor
Why pull-up and not pull-down? This is due to historic reasons: the input of TTL devices were by default high, so why not have CMOS inputs on the same default level. The same applies if a key or push-button is attached: it is open by default.
7.1.2 Keys and switches are bouncing
This is an example of a switch. If the switch changes polarity, this comes not into effect immediately. On a µs or ms level the switch is bouncing before reaching a steady state. In the example case 14 level changes occur within approximately 2 ms. Bouncing switch Such a signal swarm can cause immense difficulties if as an AVR reacts very much faster than in ms time. We have to consider bouncing in such cases. Bouncing plays a role in the next lecture.
7.1.3 The INT0 interrupt
ISC bits in port MCUCR The INT0 interrupt detects levels and level changes on the INT0 input, which is pin 6 in an ATtiny13. The interrupt branches to the INT0 vector, if the respective interrupt is enabled. The bits ISC01 and ISC00 allow to select which states or changes trigger this interrupt:
ISC01ISC00Interrupt triggered
00Low level triggers INT0 interrupt
01Any change of input level triggers INT0 interrupt
10Falling level triggers INT0 interrupt
11Rising level triggers INT0 interrupt
The default, ISC01 = ISC00 = 0, is rather fatal because a low level on the INT0 pin triggers never ending interrupts, with leaving no time for any other activities. As the INT0 interrupt has the highest priority, no other interrupt comes through as long the low level on the INT0 input pin continues.
The ISC bits are located in the same port, MCUCR, as the SE bits for selecting sleep mode and sleep enable.
The INT0 enable bit is located in the General Interrupt MaSK register GIMSK:
A typical instruction sequence to enable INT0 is as follows:
 ldi R16,(1<


Crystal Methods
From Wikiversity
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Crystal methods are a family of methodologies (the Crystal family) that were developed by Alistair Cockburn in the mid-1990s. The methods come from years of study and interviews of teams by Cockburn. Cockburn's research showed that the teams he interviewed did not follow the formal methodologies yet they still delivered successful projects. The Crystal family is Cockburn's way of cataloguing what they did that made the projects successful.
Crystal methods are considered and described as "lightweight methodologies". The use of the word Crystal comes from the gemstone where, in software terms, the faces are a different view on the "underlying core" of principles and values. The faces are a representation of techniques, tools, standards and roles.
Methodology, techniques, and policies are differentiated between by Cockburn:
 - Methodology - set of elements (e.g. practices, tools)
 - Techniques - skill areas (e.g. developing use cases)
 - Policies - dictate organizational musts
Crystal methods are focused on:
 1. People
 2. Interaction
 3. Community
 4. Skills
 5. Talents
 6. Communications
Cockburn says that Process, while important, should be considered after the above as a secondary focus. The idea behind the Crystal Methods is that the teams involved in developing software would typically have varied skill and talent sets and so the Process element isn't a major factor.
Since teams can go about similar tasks in different ways, the Crystal family of methodologies are very tolerant to this which makes the Crystal family one of the easiest agile methodologies to apply.
In his research, Cockburn [1999], he defines behaviour of people in teams:
 - "People have trouble acting consistently over time."
 - "People generally want to be good citizens, are good at looking around, taking initiative, and doing 'whatever is needed' to get the project to work."
The points above are why Crystal methods are so flexible and why they avoid strict and rigid processes typically found in older methodologies.
The Crystal Family[edit]
Cockburn developed the different methods in the family of methodologies to suit teams of different sizes which need different strategies to solve diverse problems.
The Crystal family of methodologies use different colours to denote the "weight" of which methodology to use. If a project were a small one a methodology such as Crystal Clear, Crystal Orange or Crystal Yellow may be used or if the project was a mission-critical one where human life could be endangered then the methods Crystal Diamond or Crystal Sapphire would be used.
The family is divided into different colours. Some examples:
 1. Crystal Clear
 2. Crystal Yellow
 3. Crystal Orange
 4. Crystal Orange Web
 5. Crystal Red
 6. Crystal Maroon
 7. Crystal Diamond
 8. Crystal Sapphire
Crystal Family example.jpg
[Source: A Practical Guide to Seven Agile Methodologies Part 2, ( )]
The Crystal Family of Methodologies. One characteristic of Crystal is its intentional scaling to projects based on size and criticality. The larger a project gets (from left to right), the darker the colour.
Between all the methods in the Crystal family, there are seven prevailing common properties. Cockburn found that the more of these properties that were in a project, the more likely it was to succeed.
The seven properties are:
 1. Frequent delivery
 2. Reflective improvement
 3. Close or osmotic communication
 4. Personal safety
 5. Focus
 6. Easy access to expert users
 7. Technical environment with automated tests, configuration management, and frequent integration
Frequent delivery[edit]
Frequent Delivery is the regular releasing of iterations of the software program. This idea comes from agile methodologies. Designers and developers decide what features to include in each release and they design and test for each release. With Crystal methods, iterations are to be released weekly up to quarterly – the release times are dependant on the length of the project.
By releasing iterations, stakeholders will be able to spot problems earlier in the project which will save a lot of hassle later on. Another point on this is that if the end users decide that the project does not do things the way they'd like it to be done, then steps can be taken to resolve this before it is too late.
With Crystal methods, there can be more than one iteration in a release. This is because it may not be feasible to release every iteration, so a collection of iterations are gathered and delivered in a single release.
Reflective improvement[edit]
Reflective improvement involves developers taking a break from regular development and trying to find ways to better their processes. Iterations help with this by providing feedback on whether or not the current process is working.
With Crystal methods, the idea of teams holding "reflection workshop" meetings every couple of weeks is encouraged. These workshops help find processes that are and aren't working well and help the team to modify them so that a strategy can be developed that works well for the team.
Close or osmotic communication[edit]
In Crystal Clear and the smaller of the Crystal methodologies, Osmotic Communication is used. Osmotic communication involves the team being together in a room and getting information to flow around it. With regards to larger teams (over 8 or so), where distraction can arise, Close Communication is used.
The team must be in the same room for this to work. This is because if the developer has to break concentration to move somewhere else to ask a question then their thought process will probably be lost.
By using this type of communication, information flows quickly throughout the team. Questions can be rapidly answered and all the team members know what is going on as well as having the ability to correct any misconceptions that may arise.
By listening to the others in the team, a developer can pick up on what the others are doing, gain experience and develop new ideas. Developers working near each other can help with problems that the other is encountering.
Communication overhead is greatly reduced by using this type of communication. The need for email updates, extra documentation, etc is lowered. By having the team together, each member knows what the others are doing so they should be able to take over their team-mate's parts of the project if needed.
Personal safety[edit]
This has got to do with the issue of free speaking within a group of people. If a person is ridiculed whenever they ask a question, suggest an idea, etc then they will be less likely to speak up the next time. The people in the team must be able to trust each other and feel free to speak up about issues or whatever arises.
Focus in crystal refers to two things; firstly focusing on an individual task in a project for enough time that progress will be made and secondly, it refers to the direction of which the project is heading.
With the first, the flow of progress is taken into account while thinking of issues that would affect it such as interruptions, meetings, long questions, phone call, etc. It can take a while to get back into the flow again so this delays completion of the current task.
Crystal defines two rules for dealing with issues that may interrupt focus. One is to set a two-hour period where the developer is to have no interruptions. The other one is to assign a developer to a project for at least two days before being switched to another project.
With the second meaning of focus, issues such as definition of goals are discussed. The definitions should be clear and the developers should know exactly what the goals of the project are. The project leader should prioritise the goals which will allow developers to focus on particular areas.
Easy access to expert users[edit]
This involves the developers working with a person of expertise in the project area so that the expert answers any questions, suggest solutions to problems, etc. The expert user should be an actual/real-life user and not just a tester from the development team. The more involved the expert user is (in practical terms), the better since they would have more hands-on experience.
The more time that the expert user can give will greatly help the overall project but this is not always feasible. There should be a minimum of a once a week, two-hour meeting with the expert user, and the ability to make phone calls to the expert user too.
Technical environment with automated tests, configuration management, and frequent integration[edit]
The idea behind this is that there should be continuous integration and testing so that if any changes are made, then errors, breakages, etc can be spotted. Since this is done on a regular basis, problems are less likely to grow as they can be resolved earlier in the project.
The process of checking-in code into a repository can help in identifying the problem code and remove it by reverting back or updating with correct code. This is where configuration management and automated testing come in. These allow for quicker unit testing and eventual resolution of problems.


text:
Tangara velia (*)
Tangara velia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Syst. Nat. ed.10 p.188
The Opal-rumped Tanager (Tangara velia) is a species of bird in the Thraupidae family. It is found in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest of South America. The population of the Atlantic Forest has a far paler chest than the other populations, and has often been considered a separate species as the Silvery-breasted Tanager (Tangara cyanomelas). Today most authorities treat it as a subspecies of the Opal-rumped Tanager.
* BirdLife International 2004. Tangara velia. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
Source: Wikipedia, Wikispecies: All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License


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Function Key
A function key is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform certain actions. on some keyboards/computers, function keys may have default actions, accessible on power-on.


Torsion subgroup of nilpotent group
From Groupprops
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This article defines a subgroup-defining function, viz., a rule that takes a group and outputs a unique subgroup
View a complete list of subgroup-defining functions OR View a complete list of quotient-defining functions
Suppose G is a nilpotent group. The torsion subgroup of G is defined in the following equivalent ways:
 1. It is the subset comprising all the elements of G that have finite order. This subset turns out to be a subgroup.
 2. It is the largest subgroup of G that is a periodic nilpotent group.
 3. It is the subgroup generated by all the elements in G that have finite order.
Equivalence of definitions
This follows from equivalence of definitions of periodic nilpotent group.


text:
Token is a set of data to manage "tasks flowing in business process (business flow)." It can be considered as a kind of a control number.
Overview of Token
Especially, in telecommunication network and security area, "token" means "transmission privilege, access privilege, ticket, and so on" and, in many cases, "token" implies reference number, control tag, and control number that are used to control something in any way. In order to manage enormous tasks in a company, BPM engines (workflow engines) implemented in many BPM suite and BPM software products attach data called token to control each task.
In addition, it means "lexical token or character," which is a unit to analyze program codes, in software programming area.
Split of Token
On the other hand, in case of XOR-Split, at which "only one route" must be chosen, the token is never split.
In the right diagram, the following possibilities can be considered as a timing at which "C1" starts.
- "C1" starts after joining the results of "A2" and "B1."
- "C1" starts after receiving one of the results of "A2" and "B1."
- "C1" starts upon receiving the result from each of "A2" and "B1" respectively. ("C1" is executed twice.)
However, according to the basic rule defined in BPMN1.1, the third option above is expected. (Some products adopt the first option.)
(*)In order to clearly show that "C1" waits until both of "A2" and "B1" are completed, Parallel Gateway must be placed. Furthermore, if the complex way to wait the results from the two activities needs to be specified, Complex Gateway is used.
Divergence of Token
However, on the other hand, if a token processed at "B1" goes back to "A1" and is split again after "A1" is completed, the number of tokens diverges. "Whether divergence of tokens is allowed or not" depends on the specification of each BPM engine (workflow engine).
In addition, a process diagram in which "split" and "join" are always coupled and process blocks are nested is said to be "structured" after "Structured Theorem / Structured Programming" in software engineering. A token never diverges in a structured process diagram. (Note that it does not necessarily mean "a token always diverges" in a process diagram that is not structured.)


text:
Laos warty newt (or Laotriton laoensis), is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. This newt is classified as Paramesotriton laoensis. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rivers.
The species is known only from the mountains of northern Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). To date, it has been reported in only four districts: Xaysomboun District, Vientiane Province, Phoukhout and Pek Districts, Xiengkhouang Province, and Phoukhoun District, Louangphabang Province. In 2013, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Lao program team conducted additional surveys for the species. These surveys provide further evidence that the species may not occur further east of where it currently known, may not occur in Viet Nam, and may be truly endemic to Lao PDR.
The species appears locally abundant, with 1,200 individuals estimated to occur in 4.7 km of stream in an area thought to have the highest abundance of the species. The species is likely to occur in relatively isolated sub-populations, as it only occurs in pools at the headwaters of streams. As they are mostly aquatic and restricted to high elevations, there is unlikely to be significant gene flow between subpopulations. Due to harvesting, and the loss and degradation of habitat it is estimated that there has been at least a 50% decline in population of the species in the last 10 years.
Habitat and Ecology:
This species inhabits pools within the headwaters of streams. These streams flow through a variety of disturbed and undisturbed habitats, including evergreen forest, shrubs, grassland, and rice fields. The habitat of disturbed sections of its range is undergoing continuous degradation. The breeding season occurs in the coolest season (November to February). In the wild, larvae have been found in February and April.
Use and Trade:
Laotriton laoensis is in high demand for the international pet trade and lesser demand for medicine and food. Historically, commerce in L. laoensis consisted of only limited local trade for medicinal or food purposes, but that demand for the species had dramatically increased in very recent years. Commercial networks have also become established in very recent years in response to demands for the species, and interviewees reported that Lao wildlife traders from Vientiane and Bolikhamxay provinces also had been placing orders with them to collect it. There is also evidence that the demand for the species for medicinal purposes has increased (Wildlife Conservation Society Laos, unpubl. data).
The primary threat to this species is over-harvesting, to which its biology (behaviour and morphology) makes it extremely vulnerable. As it is active during the day, swimming on the bottom of shallow pools in clear water, and is brightly coloured dorsally, it is harvested quickly, easily, and in large numbers. It is possible that all mature individuals could be harvested from a site in a few days, and this is why they are sold sometimes as "hundreds" of individuals or by the kilogram.
New roads being constructed within the known range of the species also facilitate harvesting.
Habitat loss and modification are also likely to threaten the species. Although the species is likely to be tolerant of some human modification of the surrounding habitat, it would probably suffer from severe changes in stream water quality or flow and extensive burning in grasslands adjacent to streams (where efts occur).
According to many scientists, because suitable habitat is currently almost entirely unprotected, a new reserve should be established and managed in core habitat to provide protection from harvesting and habitat degradation.
Also recommended are ex situ conservation measures (specifically conservation breeding), as well as international laws against trade and the establishment of public awareness campaigns.
In 2008, the species was nationally listed (as Paramesotriton laoensis) as a Category I species in the Lao Wildlife and Aquatic [Animal] Law, thereby prohibiting all commercial trade in the species (food, medicine, and pets).
Continued research is needed on the species' population status, life history and ecology, harvest rates, other threats to the species, and monitoring of its population trend is required.


text:
Iron Founding and Metalworking Industry
Salisbury Foundry in the 1880s (Tasmaniana Library, SLT)
The first significant iron/brass foundries and metal working facilities were established in Hobart by the partnerships of Henry Davidson (founder) and Alexander Clark (millwright) of the Derwent Foundry in 1840, and James Easby (millwright) and Robert Robertson (founder) of the Albion Foundry in 1844. Similar operations were established in Launceston by William Peter (founder) and William Knight (millwright, Phoenix foundry), briefly in partnership, and William Huttley (engineer/founder). Initially, foundries largely operated as import agents and repair workshops. Gradually they made larger implements, from stoves in the 1850s to large steam engines and substantial iron castings during the 1870s.
Railways and the mining industry during the 1870s provided impetus for expansion. In under twenty years, achievements included boilermaking (1870, John Clark, Hobart), railway locomotive fabrication (1877, also John Clark), stamp battery and associated ore processing equipment (1877, Salisbury & Armstrong, Launceston), welded wrought iron box girders (1884) and rivetted wrought iron girders (1885, both William Henry Knight, Launceston). The latter enabled iron bridges, particularly for railway crossings of rivers and estuaries, to be fabricated locally. Railway maintenance facilities were established at Launceston in 1871 and Hobart by 1883, the latter including Hobart's only copper furnace. Knight installed reverberatory furnaces in 1885 to enable wrought iron to be re-worked, and in purpose-built plants at Mount Bischoff, Launceston and Hobart for tin smelting. Following the passing of the Inspection of Machinery Act (1884), Robert Kennedy & Sons established a marine engineering and maintenance facility including a slipway at Battery Point where an iron-hulled bucket dredge for use at the Mersey estuary was built in 1887. After remote areas in the north and west of the state were settled towards the end of the nineteenth century, rural foundries were built at Devonport in 1887 (Finlayson Bros), Latrobe in 1889, Zeehan in 1899 and Scottsdale in the 1900s.
Foundries continued to come and go in the twentieth century, and some industries like the Electrolytic Zinc Works (1916) had their own foundry sections. As cheaper mass-produced fittings of plastic or other material (for example, pipes of plastic rather than cast iron) replaced metal, and many other metal components were imported, the number of foundries declined. Some have endured. Peter's Foundry, in 2004 Tasmania's largest, is the oldest continuously operating foundry in the southern hemisphere. It now trades as Bradken, strictly a ferrous foundry. Salisbury's in Launceston made the Cataract Bridge, and in the 1920s became a structural specialist rather than a foundry. Retlas, reputedly founded in Hobart in 1906 by a Mr Salter (the name is Salter backwards), has moved several times. In 2004 it specialises in marine fittings and industrial castings.
During the Second World War, from 1942 munitions were produced at the Munitions Works in Glenorchy, which employed almost 1500 workers, and other foundries such as Peter's also assisted the war effort. A number of foundries were established after the war. Austral Bronze moved from the mainland to the old munition plant, and produced brass and copper components, but moved back to Sydney in 1964 when the price of freight rose too high. Bill Perkins and Selwyn Skeels founded Skeels and Perkins in the late 1940s, and by the 1980s produced bronze and aluminium castings, next door to Incat at Glenorchy. In 2004 the firm, still owned by the Perkins family, trades as Apco Engineering, and is unusual in that it works in both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The Montpelier Foundry moved from Hobart to Glenorchy in 1949, and mostly made castings for large industries such as the Zinc Works and Mount Lyell. In 1974 a former employee, Rex Garner, began the Derwent Foundry, making bronze castings and propellers. Montpelier was sold to a mainland firm in the early 1980s, but in 1986 Garner bought it. The combined business is now called Derwent Pipelines. In 2004 half a dozen foundries continued to manufacture metal products in Tasmania.
Further reading: M Morris-Nunn & C Tassell, Launceston's industrial heritage, Launceston, 1982–83; A Alexander, Glenorchy 1964–1998, Glenorchy, 1998.


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- Moraes, Marcos; Teplitski, Max
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- Center for Produce Safety
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Archbishop denounces damage done to Buenos Aires Cathedral by homosexual radicals
.- Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, issued a statement this week denouncing the damage done to the Archdiocesan Cathedral by a group of homosexual activists, who smeared the front wall of the church with insults against Catholics.
Last weekend the Argentinean version of the so-called â€œGay Pride Paradeâ€ brought together 4,000 transvestites, lesbians and homosexuals for a march through the main streets of the capital city. Homosexual activists carried out threats they had made earlier that they intended to defame the Cathedral of the Archdiocese.
Cardinal Bergoglio denounced the actions and said, â€œIn a pluralist society, when minority groups wish to express themselves, it seems logical they would do so respecting the religious feelings of the majority. If the majority of people here are Catholic, the graffiti smeared all over the exterior of the Cathedral is an offense against the religious sensibilities of the Argentinean people.â€
He also lamented the â€œlack of respect for a church which, besides being a place of worship and belonging to Catholics, has been a privileged witness to the history of Argentineans, and is a National Historical Monument where our founding father is buried. Therefore this violent attitude helps deteriorate a public, religious and historical building which ought to be restored again.â€
The statement expresses the Archdioceseâ€™s desire that â€œit be understood that when we speak of the doctrine concerning sexual conduct as expressed in Magisterial teaching, we do so based on the truths that we believe, but never apart from an attitude of respect and understanding towards the person. One would hope therefore that in a free country one could dissent from these ideas without injuring others or the institutions which they represent.â€
Premeditated attack Although parade organizers, with the help of some local officials, claim no involvement, ACI-Prensa has acquired the parade announcement that explicitly called on participants to deface the Cathedral.
Authorities were informed by pro-family groups of the intention to damage the church but they claim they were unable to control the outbreak of aggression. Homosexual activists marched to the Cathedral door a few minutes after the parade began and spray-painted the front of the church.
Some of the graffitti read, â€œThe Church is a dictatorshipâ€ and â€œThe Holy Inquisitionâ€™s repression is here.â€
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text: Blood is the source of life. You can only get blood when you come in contact with sharp objects. And thus, the SHS logo derived from which is represented by two sharp looking blades correlating to the idea of cutting-edge Haematological Science. The two sharp blades which encircle the centre of the attraction, blood cells are intentionally placed opposite each other to simulate the idea of embracing the science of blood in the quest to unravel greater knowledge from this discipline which requires sharp and critical thinking skills. The blades also form a rough idea of an eye when taken in unity with the other elements in the logo. This communicates the vigilance, surveillance or a watchful eye in this area of science. The whole logo is presented with red being the main colour simply because blood is warm and you can only get fresh red blood from those who are alive. The fade effect is used to create a sense of motion, that of uncertainty slowly transiting into clarity. This very much relates to what Science is all about. Things only get clearer when you explore what is not known yet. Knowledge is an endless journey of exploring.


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Albanian Archdiocese (OCA)
The Albanian Archdiocese of the Orthodox Church in America is one of the three ethnic dioceses within the OCA. Its origin is traced back to the start of the Church of Albania as both had a common beginning in the United States in the early twentieth century.
|This article forms part of the series|
Orthodoxy in America
|American Orthodox Timeline |
American Orthodox Bibliography
Byzantines on OCA autocephaly
ROCOR and OCA
|Saints - Bishops - Writers|
|Antiochian - Bulgarian |
OCA - Romanian - Moscow
ROCOR - Serbian
|Christ the Saviour
|St. Tikhon's |
AOI - EOCS - IOCC - OCEC
OCF - OCL - OCMC - OCPM - OCLife
OISM - OTSA - SCOBA - SOCHA
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Brotherhood of St. Moses the Black
Evangelical Orthodox Church
Holy Order of MANS/CSB
Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil
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The first known Orthodox Albanians arrived in the United States late in the nineteenth century, settling in the northeast part of the country. By the first decade of the twentieth century, Albanian immigrants began to form fraternal societies and then publish newspapers in the Albanian language, notably the newspaper Kombi (The World) in 1906 and the Dielli (The Sun) in 1907. It was the death of a young Albanian man that provided the spark for the formation of an Albanian Orthodox diocese in the United States.
When deaths in their community occurred, the Albanians sometimes had to journey to a Syrian Orthodox priest in Lowell, Massachusetts, a great distance for many of them, as Greek Orthodox churches in the local areas sometimes would not perform funerals for those considered nationalist extremists. The death of the young man, Kristaq Dishnica, spurred the community toward forming their own church in New England. As their leader, the community picked Fan Noli. As there wasn't any Albanian clergy, Noli decided that God was calling him and he petitioned Abp. Platon of the Russian Mission to ordain him to the priesthood to serve the Albanian community. With Abp. Platon's consent, Fan Noli was ordained on March 18, 1908, after receiving monastic tonsure with his birth name name Theophan.
Fr. Noli, having already prepared an Albanian translation of the Liturgy, served his first liturgy in Albanian on March 22, 1908 in Boston, Massachusetts. While Albania had been in the sphere of the Byzantine empire, the official liturgical language was Greek, although many services such as baptisms and funerals were conducted in Albanian. Later, under the Ottoman Turks, the teaching of the Albanian language in schools was not allowed by the government. The liturgy in Boston thus became a cornerstone of an Albanian renaissance. Ten years later, the Albanian Orthodox community had grown, so that Bp. Alexander, the ruling bishop of the Russian Mission, raised Fr. Noli to the rank of mitred archimandrite and appointed him on March 24, 1918 administrator of the Albanian Orthodox Mission in America.
Fr. Noli took an active part in obtaining world political interest for an independent Albania including Albania's recognition by the League of Nations. Active in the affairs of the independent nation of Albania, he left the United States in the early 1920s. In Albania, Fr. Noli was consecrated bishop and named to lead the newly-declared Orthodox Church of Albania, as the Metropolitan of Durres. Also active politically, Metr. Noli was appointed Foreign Minister of the Albania.
After about six months in office as Prime Minister he was forced to flee due to a coup led by future king Ahmed Bey Zogu and take up residence in Germany. Metr. Noli eventually returned to the United States in 1932 as a permanent resident and reassumed leadership of the American diocese, the number of parishes having grown by 67% in his absence. He directed the activities of diocese through World War II. As early as the 1930s the diocese and Metr. Theofan recognized the need to serve the young English speaking generation. As he had done with Albanian translations, he produced translations of the services into English to support introduction of English into the parishes.
In the United States he led in discussions with Metr. Leonty of the Metropolia on the need for a single Orthodox jurisdiction in America. It was left, however, to his successor to fulfill the idea of joining into a single jurisdiction. After Metr. Noli's death on March 13, 1965, without a diocesan nomination, Fr. Stephen Lasko was consecrated bishop for the Albanian diocese by the communist-influenced Synod of the Church of Albania. The Church of Albania had never claimed any jurisdiction in North America.
In Albania, the communist party that controlled the country since the end of World War II became more oppressive until by 1967 the Orthodox Church functioned in Albania only in clandestine services. The diocese, formed by Bp. Noli and now struggling with the consecration of Bp. Stephen, petitioned the newly autocephalous Orthodox Church in America for canonical recognition as the Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America.
On October 14, 1971, Bp. Stephen led most of the Albanian parishes into the OCA. Two parishes, which in 1949 had the formed the Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America under the Omophorion of the Ecumenical Patriarch did not follow.
The former Fr. Nicholas Liolin was consecrated Bishop Nikon of Baltimore, an auxiliary bishop, as administrator of the Albanian diocese on May 25, 2002. Bishop Nikon, upon nomination by the archdiocesan assembly, was elected by the Synod of Bishops of the OCA as Bishop of Boston and the Albanian Archdiocese on October 22, 2003. In October 2005, he was also elected by the Holy Synod as the ruling bishop of the Diocese of New England (see of Hartford) and was installed on December 17, 2005 with the new title of Bishop of Boston, New England and the Albanian Archdiocese.
The diocese is currently under the leadership of His Grace, the Right Reverend Nikon (Liolin). The diocesan see is St. George Cathedral in Boston, Massachusetts.
The Albanian archdiocese in the United States has always been small in number. Its parishes are concentrated in the northeastern United States.
There are thirteen parishes and a mission in the diocese: five in Massachusetts, two each in New York and Pennsylvania, and one each in California, Connecticut, Michigan, and Ohio. The parishes are organized into three deaneries with the following territories:
- Great Lakes Deanery – Michigan, Northern New York, and Ohio
- Massachusetts Deanery – Massachusetts
- Mid-Atlantic Deanery – Connecticut, Southern New York, and Pennsylvania


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I have made a series of choropleth maps in ArcMap 10. When I classify the interval the bottom of the dialogue tells how many elements are in the class.
Is it possible to have this number automatically places beside my class labels?
Thanks in advance. J.
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There are 2 possibilities that I can come up with:
 1. Use the script at this ESRI Forum; OR
 2. Copy the numbers in the count column and manually paste them over to the label column when you define & tweak your symbology categories (as shown below).
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PCAOB Releases 2021 Inspections Outlook and Audit Committee/Auditor Dialogue Tool
On April 6, the PCAOB released Spotlight: Staff Outlook for 2021 Inspections (2021 Outlook). This annual publication outlines areas the Board plans to focus on during the current inspection cycle. In addition, the 2021 Outlook provides an overview of changes in the inspections process, such as enhancing the unpredictability of inspections and the selection of nontraditional financial statement areas for review. The PCAOB also explains how inspections will address COVID-19 financial reporting and audit risks. The Board simultaneously released a separate document to assist audit committees in discussing inspection issues with their auditor. Audit Committee Resource: 2021 Inspections Outlook suggests questions related to the 2021 inspection focus areas that "audit committees—at their discretion—could use to further engage with their auditors."
Staff Outlook for 2021 Inspections
The Board's 2021 inspection plan has two primary objectives: to respond to the financial reporting and audit risks posed by COVID-19 and to reduce the predictability of inspections. As to COVID-19:
The Board plans to select audits for review in industries experiencing significant disruptions or elevated risks during the pandemic, such as transportation, entertainment, hospitality, manufacturing, certain aspects of the retail segment, and commercial real estate (including real estate investment trusts).
Inspections will focus on financial statement items and other reporting matters that have been particularly affected by the pandemic, such as impairments, going concern assessments, allowance for loan losses, and increased risk of fraud.
As to predictability:
The Board intends to significantly increase the percentage of audits select randomly (rather than based on audit risk or difficulty), especially for the largest accounting firms.
Inspectors will select accounts that have not traditionally been addressed for review. Since the Board has historically focused on the financial statement aspects that are the most challenging to audit, this apparently means that in 2021 inspections will concentrate on lower-risk, more routine accounts. The Board adds that it "will, of course, also continue to target areas that we believe pose higher risks of material misstatement in particular audits, or that are the subject of recurring audit deficiencies."
In addition to these process changes, in 2021 the Board plans to place emphasis on these topics:
Audit areas with continued deficiencies. The 2021 Outlook identifies revenue, accounting estimates, internal control over financial reporting, and independence as audit areas with recurring deficiencies and opportunities for improvement. In this context, the inspectors will also focus on audit firm procedures to identify and remediate audit deficiencies.
Firms' quality control systems. The Board plans to review audit firm quality control systems "as part of our goal to move towards a more preventative regulatory approach." In addition, continuing the approach taken in 2020, inspections will include quality control areas likely to be affected by COVID-19, including "leadership communications, consultation requirements, client acceptance and continuance procedures, real-time monitoring, and pre-issuance reviews."
Firm compliance with auditor independence requirements. Inspections continue to identify deficiencies that "suggest some firms may not have appropriate quality control systems in place to prevent and/or detect violations of applicable independence rules." The 2021 Outlook cites, among other things, compliance with audit committee pre-approval of non-audit services and auditor communications with the audit committee regarding independence as areas of attention.
Fraud procedures. 2021 inspections will assess how auditors identify and assess risks of material mis-statement due to fraud and how auditors design and implement audit responses to these risks. Inspectors also plan to focus on how auditors incorporate unpredictability in their selection of audit procedures.
Critical audit matters. PCAOB standards require the auditor to identify and communicate in the audit report critical audit matters (CAMs) identified in the audit. CAMs are those aspects of the audit that involved challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgment. See More PCAOB Advice for Audit Committees on CAMs, July 2019 Update). Inspectors will review how individual engagement teams applied the CAM requirement.
Implementation of new auditing standards. New PCAOB requirements for the auditing of accounting estimates and for the auditor's use of the work of specialists took effect for audits of fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2020. The Board will review how firms implemented these new standards.
Supervision of audits involving other auditors. Inspections will assess how auditors supervised the work of other participating auditors, particularly given travel restrictions due to COVID-19.
Responding to cyber threats. If there was a cyber incident affecting a public company or broker-dealer selected for review, the inspectors will evaluate how the engagement team applied the audit firm's cyber incident guidance, including whether and how the team reevaluated its risk assessment or modified the audit to address the effects of the breach on controls.
Auditing digital assets. The inspection staff will select audits for review where transactions in digital assets are material to the financial statements and will review how the audit firm identified and assessed the risks of material misstatement, including valuation issues.
In 2020, the PCAOB invited the audit committee chairs of most U.S. public companies with audits selected for inspection to speak with the inspection staff. See The PCAOB Speaks – With Audit Committee Chairs, January-February 2021 Update. The Board plans to continue this practice in 2021.
Audit Committee Resource
The new Audit Committee Resource suggests specific questions that audit committees might ask their auditor in in the areas highlighted in the 2021 Outlook. Examples of these questions are:
Auditor's risk assessments. How has the auditor assessed risks of material misstatement related to the public company's technology systems, including relevant cyber threats, and how has it addressed those potential risks?
· Firm compliance with auditor independence requirements. How can the audit committee and management assist the auditor in complying with independence requirements?
Critical audit matters. What items, if any, were considered "close calls" but ultimately not identified as a CAM by the auditor? Why were these items not determined to be CAMs?
Implementation of new auditing standards. Was the audit of the company's estimates affected by the PCAOB's new requirements?
Supervision of audits involving other auditors. Did restrictions on travel and in-person interactions create challenges for supervision and review of work performed by other auditors? If so, how were these challenges addressed?
Comment: The 2021 Outlook provides audit committees with insight into why a company's engagement may – or may not – be selected for review this year and why the inspectors may emphasize some aspects of the audit and ignore others. In addition, areas of PCAOB inspection emphasis may become areas of additional auditor focus in subsequent audits. Accordingly, audit committees may find the Audit Committee Resource publication helpful in planning discussion of the company's 2021 audit with the auditor.
The 2021 Outlook may also be helpful in evaluating the results of the 2021 inspections when they become available. One would assume that de-emphasizing high risk/high challenge engagements and financial statement areas will result in fewer inspection findings. Accordingly, the results of the 2021 inspections may not be comparable to those in prior years. Conversely, deficiencies identified in 2021 may be of particular concern if they relate to aspects of the audit that should have been relatively routine.


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The Golden Helmet of De Peel: Fact and Fiction
14 January until 4 December 2011
Part of the Archaeology of the Netherlands department will be reserved for temporary exhibitions about subjects in Dutch archaeology. This exhibition about the Golden Helmet of De Peel was the first in the series.
Spectacular find in the marshlands
One hundred years ago, the peat-cutter Gebbel Smolenaars made a spectacular find in the marshlands of De Peel. On 15 June 1910, while digging for peat, he found something very different: a silver-gilt helmet from the Roman period. He also discovered a fibula (brooch), a spur, harness bells, and Roman coins. The helmet was polished and put on display at Smolenaars's cottage, where visitors paid ten cents for a chance to admire the treasure. It was later sold to the National Museum of Antiquities.
Fact and fiction: Tales of the Roman helmet
This small-scale exhibition explores not only the Roman helmet itself, but also the stories told about it over the past 100 years. How did a soldier's golden helmet end up in the marsh? Who was the mysterious knight of De Peel? And did the peat-cutters find the entire hoard of treasure? Over the past hundred years all these questions have received many different answers, some based on the facts and some on fiction. The helmet has stirred many people's imaginations. It was a magnificent find, one of the leading twentieth-century archaeological discoveries in the Netherlands.


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Falmouth Facts and Figures for 2016
Again our A*-C pass rates in English and Maths are more than 10% higher than the National Averages. 73% of Falmouth School students attained a C or higher in English and Maths compared to the National Average of 58.7%.
Achievement in the 'best 8' progress measure is significantly above national averages at 0.3, and one of the highest in Cornwall.
Our 'Attainment 8' score of 54.8 is also much higher than the National Average of 49.
Progress in the Core subjects of English, Maths and Science is also significantly above National Averages. 25% of the Year 11 students achieved the English Baccalaureate compared to the Cornwall average of 18%.
Our 5A*-C including English and Maths again puts us as one of the top Cornish Schools.
Falmouth College Facts and Figures
Over 70% of grades achieved by Falmouth Sixth Form students were at A*, A, B and C grades at A2 level and 50% of the grades awarded are A* A B.
Falmouth Sixth Form achieved 100% pass rate in vocational courses.
Outstanding achievers at A level included: Poppy Faithful A*AAA (Royal Holloway - Politics and International Relations), Gareth Willetts A*AAAA (Exeter - Mathematical Sciences) Georgia Christophers A*AB (Cardiff - Physiotherapy), Charlotte Reburn A*AAA (Exeter - Medical Science), Charlotte Emsden AAA (Exeter - Medicine), Esther Martin AAB (Leeds - English Literature and Theatre Studies), Alex Pinhay ABB (Plymouth - Midwifery).
Did you know?
- 84% of students achieved A* - C in Science.
- 100% of students achieved A* - C in Triple Science.
- A* - C grades at Falmouth School have risen sharply even though nationally, grades were lower.
- 73% of students achieved 5A* - C including English and Maths – our highest percentage ever!
- 83% of students gained an A* - C grade in English – our best results ever.
- 80% of students gained an A* - C grade in Maths – our best results ever.
- All Falmouth School students made more than expected progress using government measures.
- 10 Students gained 10 or more A* or A GCSE grades.
- Falmouth College students go on to top universities including Exeter, Cardiff, Leeds.
- 78% of all Falmouth College grades were A* - C.
- Falmouth College students gained a combined number of 65 A*, A or distinction grades.
- Every student studying BTEC Medical Science at Falmouth College achieved a distinction – the equivalent of an A grade.
- Falmouth School results are (in the top 3 in Cornwall) significantly above the National average.
School Performance Tables


How to pair your hearing aid with a mobile phone
With Oticon hearing aids, it is possible to connect your hearing aid directly to a mobile phone and get the sound streamed directly in your ears.
Choose the guide that matches your hearing aid
Don't know if your hearing aid has Bluetooth or not?
Check your instructions for use, contact your HCP, or see our tips to find out
Pairing your hearing aid with your iPhone
If your hearing aid has Bluetooth you can pair your hearing aid directly to the iPhone.
Turn on your hearing aid and place it close to your iPhone
and follow the 5 steps below:
 - 1. Settings
 (TIP: If you upgraded to iOS 13 you can skip step 1 and directly choose Accessibility when entering your Settings)
 - 2. General
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 Your iPhone will show you detected devices from which you can choose your hearing aid.
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Pairing your hearing aid to a mobile phone using Streamer Pro
If your hearing aid does not have Bluetooth you can connect your hearing aid to a smartphone by using Streamer Pro.
Streamer Pro must be handed out and paired to you hearing aid by your dispenser.


Marilyn Hawes
As a teacher Marilyn attended many courses on Child Protection and asks why none of them gave information on how to recognise "grooming" to protect children. Her three sons were victims of grooming and abuse by the Head teacher who was both Marilyn's boss for 10 years and best friend for 17 years, therefore she has LIVED EXPERIENCE. Marilyn was also suffered domestic abuse in her first marriage, and understands coercive
control and gaslighting.
Marilyn regularly speaks to the Media, public, organisations, schools, conferences, parents and children across the UK to break the culture of silence and resistance educating people with correct, relevant and vital information to prevent child sexual abuse and tune into their
Unafraid of speaking out, Marilyn is well known for her strong, pragmatic views. Even so, he has empathy and friendly approach which reaches out encouraging people to address the issues by raising their understanding which makes for a safer future for children and their families.
Marilyn has been involved in many TV programs such as Chrissy B Show, 'Judges in the Dock' with Mark Easton from BBC. She has appeared on BBC " Songs of Praise " and is regularly involved with BBC News, Radio 5 Live, SKY news, Press and others. Marilyn was alsoawarded "Most inspirational Woman of the year 2017 " Marilyn passionately believes victims need not make their childhood abuse a life sentence –with appropriate therapy and support systems they can thrive - not merely survive!
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