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The Carmelite Third Order (Secular)
Some members of the Carmelite Third Order in Britain.
The Third Order is the branch of the Carmelite Order for lay people and
diocesan clergy who, by the profession of promises, make a formal and
public commitment to living the Carmelite way of life. Members of the
Third Order, or 'tertiaries', live the Carmelite charism
and practice the Evangelical Counsels
of poverty, chastity and obedience according to their personal state in life. It
has sometimes been said of these 'Tertiaries' or 'Lay Carmelites' that they are
'Carmelites who work from home"!
Members of the Third Order (recognisable by their 'profession scapulars')
A brief historical overview
gathered with Carmelite friars for prayer at Aylesford Priory
Since the earliest days of the Carmelites in medieval Europe, lay men and women have been attracted by the Order's spirituality, its particular'slant' on the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
From the thirteenth century onwards lay people became members of the Order through the profession of promises, or through membership of confraternities (brotherhoods) linked to Carmelite friaries (to read more about the history of laity in the Carmelite Family click here
Such groups and individuals laid the foundations for the more formal development of the Third Order (Secular) in the seventeenth century, an organisation of lay people - sometimes known as Tertiaries or Lay Carmelites - who follow the Carmelite way of living according to their own state in life, professing promises of obedience and chastity.
What does the term 'Third Order' mean?
The term 'Third Order' is not a hierarchical one, or an indication that the Lay Carmelite vocation is not as important as the 'First Order' of friars. The terminology simply indicates the historical order in which the groups developed. After the original Carmelite hermits the friars were organised as the 'First Order' (brothers, some of whom are priests). The 'Second Order' refers to the enclosed nuns. The 'Third Order Regular' refers to apostolic sisters working 'out in the world'. The 'Third Order Secular', or 'Secular Order', refers to those lay people and diocesan clergy who follow the Carmelite way of life in their own circumstances, having made profession of promises.
How do lay people live the Carmelite way of life?
Carmelite tertiaries come from a variety of professional and social backgrounds. After being received into the Order they continue to live in their own homes and work in the world, demonstrating their love of God through their love of family, colleague and neighbour.
Life as a Lay Carmelite is way of living in a spirit of true communion with the entire Family of Carmel into which we are fully accepted and incorporated. Members of the Third Order are not 'affiliates' or 'associates' of the Order, but fully-professed Carmelite brothers and sisters who share in the charism of Carmel.
Profession of the Evangelical Counsels as a tertiary is the fullest means for a lay person or diocesan cleric to belong to the Carmelite Order. Profession is a serious (but not sombre!) commitment. The purpose of making this commitment is to respond more deeply to one's baptismal calling to follow Jesus Christ.
Membership of the Third Order requires the cultivation of a deeper and constant conversion that seeks God in openness of heart and mind...
- in contemplative and prayerful reflection on Christ as he is revealed to us, especially in pondering the Scriptures
- by a sincere sense of community that extends to all and implies an active concern for issues of justice and peace in the world God has entrusted to our stewardship
- by faithful fulfilment of the will of God as it is manifested through the commitments arising from each member's individual state in life (such as obligations to family, employers, etc.).
Individuals and sometimes entire families are drawn to Lay Carmel.
The Third Order worlwide
The Third Order was formally organised for the first time in seventeenth-century Italy. Since then various Carmelite Third Order movements have developed in different parts of the world, some on a small scale and others very large. Most provinces (national or cultural regions) of the Order today have a Third Order presence.
The Second Vatican Council gave new energy to the Third Order, with the Church's emphasis on the vocation of the laity, and a call for religious orders to return to their roots (which, in the case of Carmel, meant rediscovering the important place of the laity). As the notion of Carmelite Family
developed from the 1970s onwards, so has the significance of the Third Order.
Today the Third Order is numerically the largest group within the Carmelite Family
(after the less formal bonds of those who belong to the Brown Scapular Confraternity
In 2007 Saint George Preca
became the first member of the Carmelite Third Order to have his holiness formally recognised by the Church through a decree of canonisation. The sanctity of other holy men and women of the Third Order is being considered by the Holy See, and popular Carmelite tradition reveres a number of lay people associated with the Order over the centuries, such as Blessed Joan of Toulouse.
The Third Order in Britain
Although there were many forms of
connection between Carmelite religious and lay people in medieval
Britain, there was no formal 'Third Order' at the time of the
Reformation when the Carmelites and other religious orders were dissolved.
Various individual and isolated Lay Carmelites may have been in the
country from the seventeenth century onwards. The Third Order became
very active in Ireland in the nineteenth century.
When the Carmelite
friars (of the Ancient Observance) returned to Britain in the early
twentieth century, they were keen to encourage the Lay Carmelite
vocation and established a number of Third Order Chapters (lay communities)
across the country. A lot of our existing lay communities were established in the 1950s and 60s.
In the 1990s a process of spiritual renewal and organisational revival began within the Third
Order in the British Province, and today the Third Order is flourishing
in Britain. A full programme of initial formation is now
offered to potential candidates, along with opportunities for prayer, community-building and service.
From 2006 members of the Third Order began to develop Carmelite Spirituality Groups
as a new form of Lay Carmelite community that incorporates both tertiaries and others inspired by Carmel.
Lay Carmelite communities (Third Order Chapters
and Carmelite Spirituality Groups
) are growing across England, Wales
As of 2012 there are approximately 800 members of the
Carmelite Third Order in Britain, linked to over twenty Chapters and
Carmelite Spirituality Groups.
Members of the Carmelite Third Order gathered at Aylesford Priory in 2011.


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RICOH's Image Enhancement technology expresses the beauty of the property or facility
Increase the resolution of images while preserving the details
Correct the brightness of dark images while maintaining the highlight details
Intelligently removes image noise delivering incredible quality
RICOH's original image processing technology delivers stunning automatic enhancement
A 360 ° camera has the advantage of capturing the entire scene and allows the user to see wherever they like but when the image is enlarged its resolution decreases comapred to a regular digital camera
With the advancements in image processing technologies of digital cameras that RICOH has been producing for many years and letting AI learn a dataset that pairs 360-degree images from RICOH THETA with high-quality images from RICOH GR digital camera, we have developed an intelligent image processing technology that greatly enhances the quality of an image
This technology was presented by Ricoh Group researchers at the OmniCV (* 2) workshop at CVPR2020 (* 1), a major international conference on computer vision, held on June 15, 2020. We announced the result of our activities on super-resolution technology for 360° images using AI.
* 1: The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. A prestigious computer vision and pattern recognition conference regarded as one of the most influential in its field convenes thousands from the Global AI, Machine Learning and Computer Vision Community.
* 2: Explanation of Omnidirectional Computer Vision in Research and Industry

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Craft a Dramatic Vector Landscape Environment
This tutorial will show the intermediate Adobe Illustrator artist how to make a dramatic landscape environment. You should have a basic understanding of Adobe Illustrator tools before you begin this tutorial, as the tutorial moves at a rapid pace.
Every few weeks, we revisit some of our reader's favorite posts from throughout the history of the site. This tutorial was first published in July of 2008.
Start by drawing a matte that will cover the edges of the artwork. Put this artwork on its own layer and move it to the top of the Layers Palette.
Easily make smooth grass using this technique. Using the Pen Tool, draw a slightly curved line. The trick to getting your lines flowing nicely is once you draw point 2 you have to click on that same point once more. In the "Wrong" diagram point 2 wasn't clicked after it was drawn. In the "Right" diagram, point 2 was clicked after it was drawn.
You simply click using the Pen Tool, you don't have to switch tools or anything. The reason you click twice on the same point is because the next point drawn will be directed back toward the top near point 1.
It's better to draw a 3rd point instead of just going from point 1 to point 2 and back to the top (unless you're fairly handy with the Pen Tool).
Now close the shape by going from point 3 to point 1.
Fill the grass with a gradient.
Draw several more grass shapes that are slightly varied.
We achieve the curvy or windy effect by using the Warp tool.
Select all of your grass shapes. Then click and drag over your grass to distort it. It's like painting, the further you drag the mouse, the more distorted the grass will become. The blue lines indicate how the grass will look once distorted.
Power Tip: Change the size and pressure of the distortion ring by double clicking on the icon in the palette.
This is what the distorted grass looks like. You can distort the grass as many times as you like. However, the more distortion you do, the more likely the grass will become jagged and rough. So, adjust your pressure and size instead of distorting multiple times.
Select a few blades of grass and vary the colors. Then copy and paste your grass shapes to quickly build up large areas.
Notice how there are subtle color differences in the grass. This adds to the interest and realism of the grass.
Draw a rectangle and select a moody green color. This rectangle will become the sky so it needs to have a gradient. The secret to making gradients transition smoothly from one color to the next is to start by making two of the same color points in the gradient palette (colors 1 and 2 are identical.)
Select color 2 and change the slider shown at number 3 to achieve a smooth color shift.
This is what your sky should look like.
Copy and paste a blade of grass.
Use the grass to make wispy shapes in the sky. Adjust the Opacity so that the shapes blend into the background.
Copy and paste a few more grass shapes and vary their placement.
To make the stars we'll draw a narrow oval to start.
Use the Convert Anchor Point tool and click on the top and bottom points of the oval to make them pointy.
Compress the oval, duplicate it, and rotate it to make a star.
Copy and paste the star making sure to vary the size.
Draw a circle, which will become the moon. Using the Pencil tool draw arbitrary shapes that mimic the Moon's craters. It's OK to draw outside the Moon's edges as we'll eliminate the overlapping areas next.
Using the Pathfinder Palette click the Add to Shape option to merge your individual Moon craters (1). After you merge them, click Expand (2). Select both the Moon and the newly merged craters then click Divide (3). Delete the unnecessary extra shapes from the edges.
Make rocks by using the Pencil tool and drawing rough shapes like below.
Then add a gradient.
Give your rock more detail by using the Artistic Ink palette (Window > Brush Libraries > Artistic > Artistic_Ink). For the example below, I've used Fire Ash Ink. Simply select the Pen tool, select the ink type, from the palette. Then draw a line (curved or straight). In order to see what you've drawn, make sure you have a stroke color specified.
In order to make the ink spots the color of your choice you need to do two things. First, expand the ink spot by selecting Object (from the top) then Expand Appearance.
Next go to Object (at the top) then select Ungroup. Keep Ungrouping the object until you cannot ungroup it any more (about 5 or 6 times.) Once you cannot ungroup it any more then you will be able to change the color of the ink.
Duplicate the ink and arrange it to cover the rock.
Move the rock behind the grass by copying and pasting the rock. Then vary the size shape to give the impression of different rocks.
Your dramatic landscape environment is complete!


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I have a column (lets assume the width is 40px) and there I have some rows. The height of the rows depends on the length of text (if the text is long then there is a break line and therefore the height increases).
Now I want to display an icon in each row next to the text to show the user for example that he has already completed something in that tab. So I was trying to solve this by using only css. So if the user completes a tab then I change the css of that row. However, I'm not able to add to that row an image without that the image is being repeated.
I'm using this css code:
padding: 0 8px; padding-top: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Arial,Sans; line-height: 24px; color: black; border-bottom: solid 1px _TAG_; background-color: white; background-image: url('images/checked.gif'); background-repeat-x: no-repeat; background-repeat-y: no-repeat;
Does anyone know how to do that?


What Is a Lotus Birth?
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Last update: 02 July, 2018
A lotus birth is a practice that sees birth in a particular way. In a lotus birth, the placenta is left attached to the baby through the umbilical cord until it's naturally detached. This process usually lasts between 3 to 10 days after delivery.
Gradual transition
In the vast majority of natural births, the umbilical cord is artificially cut after birth, and thus the baby's union with its placenta comes to an end. This is a task carried out by the doctors or midwife.
A lotus birth allows this separation to occur gradually. That is, the baby continues to be attached to its natural source of nutrients, the placenta, until nature dictates otherwise.
Normally, the umbilical cord falls off between 3 and 10 days after delivery. In that moment, the child separates from the connection that has kept him together with his mother for nine months of gestation.
A birth planned according to this practice doesn't involve any outside intervention to remove the umbilical cord. The stages that comprise a lotus birth are as follows:
 - The child leaves the mother's womb.
 - Later, the mother expels the placenta, which usually happens about 30 minutes later.
 - At this time, the umbilical cord isn't cut, but the baby is held along with the placenta until the umbilical cord detaches naturally.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Origin of the lotus birth
The lotus birth owes its name to its originator, Clair Lotus Day. In 1974, this researcher from California questioned everything related to the cutting of the umbilical cord, and even studied the work of primatologist Jane Goodall.
This researcher's investigation and her concern for the method of cutting the umbilical cord led her to give birth following this new practice. Since then, many births have been carried out in this way, which has generated various controversies.
Varied opinions: natural method or risky?
There are conflicting opinions regarding this way of giving birth.
On the one hand, the traditional view considers this practice to be a risk factor for the baby. Fundamentally, it's seen as a source of infections if care isn't taken regarding preservation of the placenta.
On the other hand, it appeals to those who want to prioritize a natural process. Emphasis is placed on the advantages associated with the provision of nutrients to the baby and a less drastic separation of its main source of life during pregnancy.
Benefits of lotus births
The placenta is the baby's main source of nutrients. It's an organ that pumps 500-700 ml of blood into the uterus every minute. In this way, it provides oxygen to the baby, as well as hormones.
It's also responsible for discarding harmful substances through the mother's bloodstream. The mother's system then filters the blood through her kidneys.
After birth, the placenta continues to provide nutrients through the umbilical cord.
Those who defend the lotus birth consider it a gradual way of helping the child adapt to new conditions, and that the contribution of nutrients that is received outside of the womb is essential for the baby's growth, development and health.
The process requires specific care that should be known in order to avoid infections and other more serious problems:
 1. After birth and delivery, including the expulsion of the placenta, the placenta must be washed with warm water. This way, any remaining blood will be removed.
 2. Let it drain and dry with a paper towel. Salt is usually added to accelerate the drying process.
 3. Then the placenta is wrapped or put in an open silk bag and placed next to the baby.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
A comprehensive look
The conception that circulates around the lotus birth is a vision of medicine, nature and the human being. According to scholars of the subject, it's a process that challenges many medical myths that we've grown accustomed to.
When considering the fact that the placenta is an integral part of the baby, the natural attitude is to let the process develop according to its organic phases.
The truth is that it entails a different way of looking at birth and like all medical procedures, it's recommended that you consult with your doctor before any decisions are made.


text: We perform second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy with circularly polarized (CP) light to measure chirality of individual twisted-cross gold nanodimers. The chiral signatures, based on different SHG response for the two CP components of incident light, are clearly visible even with off-resonance excitation. The SHG responses of individual nanodimers are found to vary by about a factor of five. The technique thus has very high sensitivity to the nanoscale deformations of the structure. The chiral signatures of the dimers, however, are found to be more uniform, and the technique is thus able to recognize the handedness of the twisted nanodimers with high reliability.


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You are here: Home > Koi Health & Wellness Center > Fish anatomy
Anatomy of Fish
In common with most fishes, Koi are broader at the front than at the tail end. Such a shape streamlines the Koi and minimizes turbulence as it moved through the water. If a cone is placed with the pointed end turned into a current of water, the water swirls at the rear flattened surface, creating turbulence, or drag. If the cone is reversed, so that the flat surface meets the current, the flow of water around it is less turbulent and actually assists its passage through the water. The movement of Koi through the water is similar to that outlined for the second cone.
The External Anatomy
The external anatomy of Koi includes the scales, skin, fins, operculum (gill cover), vent, eyes, nostrils, barbels and lateral line.
Skin & Scales
A koi's skin is covered by a layer of mucus, which not only offers protection against disease but also helps streamline the fish to aid locomotion. This layer of mucus is continually being refreshed as the old mucus sloughs off into the water. Below the mucus lies the top layer of skin know as the epidermis. This is extremely thin and in fact lies above the scales. The epidermis is responsible for mucus production and assists wound repair by multiplying to cover areas of damage.
Under the epidermis is the dermis and this is where the scales are formed. The scales form a lightweight, pliable suit of armor over the surface of the fish. Scales make up a calcified flexible plate; they contain high levels of calcium and offer an extra line of defense. In times of nutrient depletion this calcium can also be used as an extra nutrient source. The front end of the scale is inserted into a deep pocket of skin, the back is quite free and overlaps the front of the scale behind, just as roof tiles overlap.
There are two distinct types of scale pattern found on Koi: completely scaled, and the so-called doitsu, in which the scales are enlarged and arranged along the midline of each side of the body and, usually at the dorsal and anal fin bases. The scales of doitsu are entirely embedded in the skin.
On some koi, the dermis grows from beneath the scale and is seen as 'fukurin.' Varieties such as ogon and asagi typically display fukurin especially on the shoulder area. It appears around the external edges of the scales.
The dermis also contains chromatophores, which are responsible for coloration, as well as nerves, blood vessels and sense organs.
The Immune System
The immune system comprises many elements, the first line of defense being the scales and the mucus which covers them. This has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties and is continually renewing itself. Next to the scales lie the dermis and epidermis which constitute the second layer of the fish's external barrier. Many infections take hold by entering through lesions in the skin. The digestive tract also serves as part of the immune system creating an environment that is unfriendly to pathogens.
If these defenses are breached and an infection enters the bloodstream, the next line of defense are the white blood cells which ingest the foreign bodies and carry them to the kidney and spleen. The spleen is responsible for the production of cells that are vital to the fish's immune system, and it also acts as a store for immature red blood cells. In the kidney and spleen antibodies are formed that fight the infection. If the fish has experienced the alien pathogen before, the fish's immune system will react quicker than if it has to combat a new intruder.
The speed of reaction also depends upon the water temperature; lower temperatures lengthen the response time of the immune system, while levels of pathogen activity may still be high. This is why pond heating is so beneficial to their healthcare.
Koi have five sets of fins: the dorsal, anal and caudal (or tail) fins, which are single, and the pectoral and pelvic fins, which are paired. Fish swim using the body muscle, and the fins play an important role in maintaining stability in the water. When erected, the dorsal and anal fins prevent rolling and yawing, and the pectoral and caudal fins control pitching. The pectoral and pelvic fins also control fine movement by counteracting the propulsive forward motion caused by the exhalation of water from the gill covers, thus enabling the Koi to remain motionless.
Operculum (gill cover)
This is a large bony plate that protects the delicate gills. It is free at the rear and lower edges and acts as a one-way valve, allowing water to leave the gill chamber but preventing any backflow of respired, oxygen-deficient water to re-enter the gills. It articulates with the skull and the large hyomandibular bone. (In fishes, this bone forms part of the suspension for the lower jaw.)
Just in front of the anal fin is a large pore, usually termed the vent. The gut and the ducts from either the testes or ovaries terminate at this point. This is not a cloaca, which is a term used to describe a common opening for the digestive urinary and genital systems. Just in front of the vent there is a smaller opening which receives the urinary ducts form the kidneys.
Koi, like many other fish species, have excellent eyesight. Many experts think that they actually see things in a very similar way to humans, and are able to make out shapes and colors.
The position of the eyes on the head gives them almost total 360⁰ vision, enabling them to see above and behind, as well as in front and below themselves. The ability to see above and behind is particularly important because it enables Koi to watch for the approach of enemies while they are feeding.
On either side of the snout are a pair of nostrils, four in all. In cross section, the nostrils are seen to be joined by a U-shaped tube. The water flows in through the front nostril and out through the rear one. The floor of the tube is folded into a series of ridges, which are then arranged in the form of a rosette. The ridges are coated in a skin that is peppered with olfactory, or smelling, cells. These cells are able to detect extremely small quantities of dissolved substances in the water, even from quite distant objects. In fact, the sense of smell is more important to the Koi than eyesight for finding food.
Koi have one pair of barbels on each side of the mouth, a small barbel on the side of the upper lip and a larger one more or less at the corner of the mouth. These fleshy structures are moved by muscles that once operated parts of the jaw and palate and are covered with taste buds that literally allow Koi to taste anything the barbels contact. Like their ancestors, the wild carp, Koi are bottom feeders, using their barbels to locate grubs, insects, crustaceans, worms and water plants in the substrate. (Koi keepers generally feed Koi with floating pellets and sticks, but this is simply to enjoy seeing their spectacular livery as they surface to feed). Thus, Koi use their sense of smell to locate an area where food is to be found, and then detect the individual particles of food using the very sensitive taste buds on their barbels.
Lateral Line Organ
Along the middle of each side of the body there is a row of scales, each pierced by a small pore that connects by way of a small tube to a canal that lies in the skin beneath the scales. This system of canals and tubes forms part of the lateral line organ. On the head, the lateral line organ runs beneath the eye to the snout, its passage being marked by conspicuous pits. The lateral line is a sensory organ used to detect vibrations in the water.
In some doitsu Koi, the lateral line may be seen as a conspicuous line that runs along the middle of the fish, from just behind the operculum to the tail.
Hair cells transmit any vibration via nerve fibers to the spinal cord which sends a signal to the brain. Although the sensory cells of the lateral line are similar to those found in our internal ear, it is difficult to interpret precisely the sensation these cells impart to the fish. It seems that they are sensitive to water movement, waves and disturbances in the water, enabling Koi to avoid other fish, objects and the pond walls.
The Internal Anatomy
The internal anatomy is more complex than the external anatomy, not only because of the number of different organs involved, but also the way these various organs interact.
One of the most important features of the internal anatomy, but one which receives the least consideration, is the skeleton. Koi are members of a group of fish known as teleosts, literally meaning 'bony skeleton'. The skeleton has several major functions: it forms a protective and supporting framework for the internal organs and tissues, and enables the fish to move by providing a series of flexible joints and attachment points for muscles.
Parts of the first four vertebrae of the backbone are modified to form the Weberian ossicles, a system of tiny bones that link the swimbladder to the inner ear. Sounds traveling through the water cause the swimbladder to vibrate and he ossicles amplify these vibrations and transmit them to the sensitive hair cells within the liquid-filled semicircular canals of the inner ear. With such and apparatus, Koi can undoubtedly 'hear'.
Koi, like all other


7 Best Practices for Tasting Spirits
Having worked in the Drinks industry for over 30 years, it is safe to say, Christine and I "taste" much more than we "drink." What I mean is that rather than raising a glass of spirits to quench our thirst or wash down a meal, or get inebriated, we are most often taking sips of alcoholic drinks for the purpose of seeing how they taste and then analyzing the results. In fact, we most often spit out our sips, especially when attending a large tasting event. We often take notes, and we talk about the particulars with each other or with our colleagues. Anyone who is in the drinks industry does the same and anyone thinking of entering this business will need to learn some of the basics to do it more efficiently and with purpose. That said, I put together a list of what we consider the 7 best practices for tasting spirits.
1. Glass is Better than Plastic:
It might seem obvious, but if you have a choice between tasting something in glass or plastic, choose glass. Even better, choose the appropriate glassware that you would normally use to serve that particular spirit. In the brandy cellars of France, the cellar masters of Cognac, Calvados or Armagnac most often taste the developing eau de vie with what is known as a tulip glass. In Scotland you will most often find the cellar masters using the Glencairn glass, a sort of tulip glass without the stem. Both examples have a similar shape, designed to gradually funnel the aromas up an extended chimney to your nose.
2. Essence and Time:
The condition of your palate is of utmost importance when tasting and it is believed that your taste buds are open and in prime condition just before lunch time, near morning's end. The body as a whole, is at this time, usually well rested and the mouth is feeling clean and free from any distracting influences, including that after-breakfast brushing. Tasting of another sort (the kind you smoke) is famous these days for being at 4:20. For us at Heavenly Spirits, we look up at the clock, especially on a Friday and say, "It's 11:00 AM, what do you feel like tasting?"
3. Dry before Sweet:
Whenever more than one spirit is being tasted, the best tasting order is generally decided by a ranking system that puts light, white and dry before dark, sweet and enduring. One example that we regularly encounter is with our absinthe. Because of its specific and enduring, all-natural taste and smell, we always save it for the end, as it would undeniably have an effect on anything else we would be tasting afterward.
4. Telling a Book by its Cover:
While one can learn a great deal by observing the look and color of a particular spirit, it is wise not to presume anything until it's been tasted. A good example of that is whisky or other brown spirits, where darker is not always tastier or older, as some spirit producers use caramel and other additives to influence the color. Characteristics one can gather through observation include: color, clarity, opacity, viscosity and texture.
5. Your Nose Knows:
Before one even tastes the spirit in the glass, it is important to have a good whiff of the aroma emanating from inside. Taste and smell are very closely associated and it is difficult to really have one without the cooperation of the other. A good tip for facilitating this collaboration between tongue and nose is to open your mouth slightly while sniffing. Also be careful not to bury your nose too deeply inside the glass for risk of burning your nasal passages. Instead, sneak up to the glass with your nose at different distances. It's also recommended to develop your own personal reference list of familiar scents and categories that you can draw on when trying to describe a spirit that moves you. Sweet, floral, earthy, or savory are just a few category examples.
6. Beginning, Middle and End:
When you finally have the opportunity to bring the spirited liquid to your mouth, do so with delicate care. I've too often witnessed novice participants at tasting events. They simply throw back whatever was in the glass or tasting cup without care or caution, making it near impossible to evaluate the potential artisanal masterpiece that just flew across their tongue.
A healthy adult has about 10,000 taste buds and this diminishes to about 5,000 as a person gets older. A proper tasting experience can be broken down into three stages: 1. Entry, 2. Mid-palate, and 3. Finish. The "entry" is of course concerned with the moment that the spirit first enters your mouth and the impressions that it makes while encountering the tip of your tongue. "Mid-palate" describes what happens when during that first or second sip, you allow the spirit time to settle onto and then roll off your tongue. Finally, the "finish" is that part of the tasting experience that describes those last sensations just before, during and after you swallow. It is, in my opinion, near impossible to describe the finish without swallowing. However, spitting should always remain an option if necessary.
There is of course, no end to the individual taste sensations one might experience during anyone of these three stages. Christine and I know that tasting spirits is a very subjective process. Descriptions will be personally referenced by each individual. However, some of the descriptions might include general categories similar to those experienced when smelling, such as: sweet or savory, floral or earthy, mild or sharp, and fiery or round.
7. Additional Considerations:
As smell is such an important aspect to tasting, it would be strongly advised not to show up to a spirit tasting event wearing perfume or cologne no matter how attractive you might find it, as it will greatly interfere with your ability to taste fairly and accurately. It also might effect those around you. If you have been tasting only wine before coming to the spirits, be sure to reset your palate with a water-cracker or bread and water before venturing in. At the very least, disregard your first sip of spirits. You might even just rinse your mouth with a small sip of the spirit then spit it out before you proceed to actually taste. As far as pairing a particular libation with food, that is a topic for a later discussion.
Finally, there will always be extremes in tasting protocol, and they are often employed by the organizers of international tasting competitions, such as the San Francisco Spirits Competition or the Ultimate Beverage Challenge. These competitions often do a layer of blind tastings or include several, separately-timed tastings of the same spirit. In his book, "Kindred Spirits," famed spirit aficionado, Paul Pacult, describes in detail his almost scientific regimen when tasting for the reviews he writes for his "Spirit Journal." That's well and good for a professional reviewer like Paul. For most tasting situations however, I hope these basic tips are enough to provide a more enjoyable and productive experience while insuring a fair and unbiased spirit evaluation. Cheers!


BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Wednesday, 21 November 2007, 08:23 GMT
Brazil stops to mark black rights
Organisers said 30,000 people attended the events in Sao Paulo
Thousands of people have taken part in celebrations and protests in Brazil to mark Black Consciousness day.
Two of Brazil's biggest cities - Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro - shut down for the day. Events were also held in towns and municipalities across Brazil.
The government of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva designated 20 November as Black Consciousness day in 2003.
It commemorates the 17th Century slave leader Zumbi dos Palmares, who was beheaded by the Portuguese.
'Respect and equality'
In Sao Paulo, where organisers said 30,000 people attended the festivities, rappers and other black musicians performed outside the Se Cathedral.
Painting of Zumbi dos Palmares in the entrance hall of Unipalmares university
The public holiday remembers rebel slave Zumbi dos Palmares
Inside the cathedral, a Catholic Mass was celebrated that incorporated Afro-Brazilian religious rituals, reported Globo Online.
The state governor, Jose Serra, spoke of the "necessity for respect and equality".
Brazil has more people with black ancestry than any other country outside Africa.
But there are very few black people in the higher echelons of society, including government, Congress and top posts in the civil service and armed forces, say correspondents.
Studies point to a huge economic gulf between the country's black and white population.
Black Brazil seeks a better future
25 Sep 06 | Americas
Legacy of Brazil's slave leader
22 Sep 06 | Americas
Black Brazilians learn from Biko
25 May 05 | Americas
BBC delves into Brazilians' roots
10 Jul 07 | Americas
Brazil: Key facts and figures
28 Sep 06 | Americas
Has China's housing bubble burst?
How the world's oldest clove tree defied an empire
Why Royal Ballet principal Sergei Polunin quit
Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific


text:
People with prediabetes have similar dysfunction in their small blood vessels as people with Type 2 diabetes, but exercise can help improve the health of these vessels, according to a small study presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.
Vascular reactivity is essentially how flexible a blood vessel is in expanding to allow blood to flow through. The healthier the blood vessel, the better its vascular reactivity. It is known that people with diabetes typically have poor vascular reactivity compared to people without diabetes, but there is not a lot of information regarding the blood vessel health of people with prediabetes.
To determine the vascular reactivity in those with prediabetes and to see if exercise could improve blood vessel health in this population, researchers from Baystate Medical Center in Massachussetts recruited 20 people with prediabetes. The participants had an average age of 52, a body-mass index of 30.3 (considered to be obese), a blood pressure level of 125/76 mm Hg, and a brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (a measure of vascular reactivity) of 5.6, which is comparable to that in people with diabetes.
For six weeks, half of the group participated in a formal exercise program, consisting of 150 minutes per week of moderate physical activity, while the other half did not exercise. After a four-week break, the groups reversed roles for another six weeks.
The researchers found that, over the study period, the exercise program did not significantly change weight, fat mass, or blood pressure level. It did, however, significantly improve vascular reactivity, in addition to various other markers of blood vessel health.
"If you would have asked me before the study what to expect, I wouldn't have predicted their vessel reactivity would be almost as poor as [in] those with diabetes. The good this is that exercise improves vessel function almost back to normal status [in people with prediabetes]," noted lead researcher Sabyasachi Sen, MD.
Sen added that the study was limited due to the small sample size and the fact that 90% of the participants were Caucasian. He plans to do a larger, follow-up study to determine whether continuing with the same exercise regimen will lead to weight loss and further improvements in blood vessel health.
For more information, read the article "Exercise Pumps Up Prediabetic Blood Vessels" or click here to download the study abstract presented at the AACE 21st Annual Scientific and Clinical Congress (after downloading the 2012 Abstract Book, search for "Sabyasachi Sen, MD" to find the relevant abstract). And for some tips and strategies on making exercise more fun, check out this article by certified diabetes educator and exercise physiologist Richard Weil.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Maybe, but you could be overcomplicating it.
Does the definition of a(t) suggest that it starts ONLY at t = 0? I'm guessing that it doesn't. In my mind, this function kicks in at the moment cash is deposited and the formula must start counting all over, at that point, for the new deposit.
Remember that simple interest does NOT compound. If you calculate the growth to t = 3 and then calculate the growth to t = 8, you have capitalized the interest earned up to t = 3. That's no good.
8 - 3 = 5
3200 = k*(1+0.05*5) -- Find k.


Auto-filling one field same as other
Often when creating a form on a web page, you need your customers to fill out a field such as a mailing address, as well as a billing address. Instead of having your customers fill out the form twice, you can use JavaScript to copy the form's data from one field to another.
You might have noticed that sometimes websites like e-commerce or some government website have two address fields in their forms.One for primary address and another for secondary address(or one for billing address and another for shipping address etc).
Most of the time people have same primary and secondary addresses and to save us from the tedious work of re-entering same data again they have some kind of option to automatically copy the contents of one fields into another.
We are going to see how to make such kind of Auto-Complete form using JavaScript.
In the form we are going to discuss, there is a checkbox and whenever it is checked, the code automatically copies values from primary address and primary zip-code to the secondary address and secondary zip-code respectively.If the checkbox is unchecked, these fields will go blank.
Here is the simple code for such kind of form:

Form Auto Fill :
fieldset{ margin-bottom: 5%; }
AutoFill Form
//Fields for primary address
Primary Address
Address:

Zip code:

If same secondary address select this box.
// Fields for secondary address
Secondary Address
Address:

Zip code:


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman solein ("alone"), from sole ("single, sole, alone"), from Latin sōlus ("by oneself alone"). The change in meaning from "single" to morose occurred in Middle English.
having a brooding ill temper
sullen (plural sullens)


text:
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) is a popular fiber choice for food and medical packaging, filtration media and much more.
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) is a fluorine-containing fiber characterized by its high chemical stability, moderate tensile strength, chemical inertness, and high melting point. The fiber can be drawn as a filament yarn called Teflon®, or it can be slit from a membrane and elongated resulting in ePTFE. PTFE has a very low frictional coefficient giving it a slippery hand.
Sample PTFE applications:
- Teflon® ribbon for lightweight and durable wildlife harnesses
- Release applications
- Self-lubricating bearings
- Packaging (food and medical)
- Filtration media for highly corrosive fluids
|Elongation at break (%)||20.0|
|Shrinkage at 177°C (%)||7.0|
|Melting point (°F)||Does not melt. Gels at 621°F|
|Chemical resistance||Inert (one of the most resistant fibers known)|
|Specific gravity (g/cc)||2.1|
|Moisture regain (%)||0.0|


text:
Silver Surfer (Marvel) embodies the force of the Uni-Power.
Control sentient forces
Enigma Forces manipulate a particular being to their own desires. It is essentially a sentient power that chooses a host, maybe an energy or a being which controls another energy or being. Attributed powers and singled-out power levels vary from chosen partner and appear to be ambient, presumably adapting to meet the demands of an area's point of devastation and the peril oneself is faced with. However some Enigma Forces have preset abilities that do not depend on the host. Some Enigma Forces becomes in-tune with the partner and drastically enhances the individual host's powers and abilities if they are present; the host themselves may already have reached massive levels of force and energy without the Enigma Force, which only serves to enhance their capabilities even further. Other Enigma forces provide an appropriate set of powers to every host, though the magnitude of the powers may or may not vary.
Some Enigma Forces only target people without powers, some only target those with powers, and some only target those it chooses as necessary or deems worthy, or give them powers to teach them a lesson. Enigma Forces may bond till the current host dies, the crisis passes, or it decides that the host is unworthy or that it is needed more elsewhere. As it is usually up to the Enigma Force itself to choose a host this is most definitely a superpower that can strike anyone out of nowhere with no obvious catalyst beyond the power itself.
- Divided Mind: The Enigma Force and the host can often communicate, though to what level varies.
- Energy Manipulation: Users can divert the flow of proton energy into a different direction or convert the force into a variety of energy.
- Enhancements of the host is also common.
- Uni-Vision: a sort of cosmic consciousness. Users can sense matters, specifically of peril, at a subatomic level or at great distances. This power can also force someone to tell the truth.
- Some Enigma Forces are limited by the abilities of their selected agents.
- Most Enigma Forces cannot control the actions of their users till user is unable to do anything themselves.
- Some Enigma Forces cannot communicate unless the agent/agents are in a meditated state making the agent/agents defenseless to any situation, till they're able to learn how to communicate during a non-meditative action.
- Some Enigma Forces are stuck with a host until death.
- Various Captain Universes (Marvel)
- Hosts of the Phoenix Force (Marvel)
- The Silver Surfer (Marvel)
- AMAZO (DC Comics)
- Logar (Mutants and Masterminds/Paragons)
- Lost Galaxy Rangers (Power Rangers series); via the Lights of Orion.
- ThePsychicBunny (SGUK)
- Users of the Speed Force (DC)


text:
Figures 5 and 6 below show the mixture of renewable and non-renewable primary energy quoted by each manufacturer (including renewable energy from burning waste wood on-site). The ICE database does not provide an energy breakdown with its carbon factors. However, the Wood for Good (2013) EPDs, which formed part of the ICE database study and represented a 2013 UK industry average, has been used to give an indicative energy mix for the study period. Several observations can be made:
- Less energy is typically used by each manufacturer to produce 1m3 of mass timber compared to the Wood for Good analysis
- Less non-renewable energy is typically used by each manufacturer to produce 1m3 of mass timber compared to the Wood for Good analysis
- The A1-A3 embodied carbon factors correlate to the non-renewable energy component quoted by each manufacturer
Based on industry engagement, primary contributing factors also include varying transport distances during production, the energy mix of the country of manufacture and the utilisation of the factories studied.
It is also useful to compare the new embodied carbon factors derived to the value for conventional sawn and dried softwood timber.
The softwood value given in the ICE database and the IStructE guide is 0.263 kgCO2e/kg – very similar to the new values for CLT and glulam proposed. A review of current EPD data from Europe's largest sawn and dried softwood timber producers suggests that this value may also warrant reduction, and further work by the industry in this space is suggested.


Quick Answer: What Is The Noun Form Of Poor?
What are the 3 types of poverty?
Who is poor man?
Can friendly be used as an adverb?
Some adjectives, such as friendly, lovely, timely, and masterly, already end in -ly and have no distinct adverb form. Use the adjective within an adverbial phrase: "It was done in a ____ way."
Is poverty a noun or verb?
noun. the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor. deficiency of necessary or desirable ingredients, qualities, etc.: poverty of the soil.
Is poor a noun or adjective?
adjective, poor·er, poor·est. having little or no money, goods, or other means of support: a poor family living on welfare. … characterized by or showing poverty. deficient or lacking in something specified: a region poor in mineral deposits.
What is the abstract noun form of poor?
The abstract noun of poor is poverty or poorness.
Can poor be a noun?
Poor exists as a collective noun and has to be preceded by 'the'. The poor It doesn't have a plural 'poors'.
What is the verb form of poverty?
' Being poor is a state of being and not an action, so there is no verb form of poor. However, some compound expressions like "to become poor", "to become impoverished", "to make your way out of poverty" can be used to denote the action of becoming poor or the action of rising from poverty.
What is a adjective word list?
Is the word best an adjective?
best (adjective) best (adverb) best (noun) … second best (noun)
Is friendly a noun or verb?
adjective, friend·li·er, friend·li·est. characteristic of or befitting a friend; showing friendship: a friendly greeting.
What type of noun is poor?
Answer. The word 'poor' is a noun, a plural, uncountable noun; a word for people of little means in general. Example use: The government has many programs to help the poor. The noun form of the adjective 'poor' is 'poorness'.
What is the verb of friendly?
Is poverty a common noun?
As detailed above, 'poverty' is a noun. … Hopefully there's enough info above to help you understand the part of speech of poverty, and guess at its most common usage.
Is Poorish a word?
adjective. somewhat poor; rather poor.
Is Poorer a proper word?
The dictionary dictates poorer as the correct form, with some allowing both forms. According to Google Ngram Viewer poorer is more common in books by an immense factor of 100.
What is the noun form of friendly?
friendly. noun. plural friendlies. Definition of friendly (Entry 3 of 3)
What is the abstract noun of Attract?
AttractionAnswer. Attraction is the abstract noun for attract as it cannot be seen or touched.
What is the abstract noun of die?
List 13 – Forming Abstract NounsVerbAbstract NounAbstract Noundiedeathpermissiondodeedpleasureemployemploymentrefusalfreefreedomsale7 more rows
Is the word hungry an adjective?
adjective, hun·gri·er, hun·gri·est. having a desire, craving, or need for food; feeling hunger.
What is the abstract noun for true?
truthAnswer and Explanation: The abstract noun of true is truth. The abstract noun of true is formed by adding the suffix -th and dropping the e.


text:
Analyzing the educational achievement in Latino/a students in California
This qualitative research will examine factors that influence the educational achievement of Latino/a students in California. This research will provide a historiography of Latino/a education from the past to the present, with an emphasis on educational barriers such as limited access to a quality education, under-qualified teachers, poverty, limited English proficiency, citizenship status, and less demanding curriculums. The investigation will focus on the following areas: the percentage of Latino/a students that study in public schools compared to other ethnicities; the ways in which the language barrier of many Latino/a students and the lack of qualified teachers to tackle this problem affect their overall educational performance; how the low average income of Latino/a parents and their level of formal education affect the education of their children; the impact of undocumented students have on the Latino/a youth population in general and the programs and organizations that support Latino/a students in California.
University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
Dr. Christopher M. Span
Department of Research Advisor:
Educational Policy Studies
Year of Publication:


Sunday, November 15, 2015
How to sue someone in the digital age when you don't know where they live.
In every lawsuit the Plaintiff has the obligation to notify all defendants that they are being sued. When a lawsuit is filed the court issues a summons which must be served (usually with a complaint) on every defendant. Massachusetts and probably all other states prefer that the person be served in hand or at least by leaving documents at their home. What happens if you don't know where they live or work? How do you serve them?
Every state has laws that allow a substitute form of service of documents on a person who can't be located. In Massachusetts, a motion must be filed to serve by an alternate form of service. If nothing else works, the court can order service by publishing in a newspaper. Of course, most people don't read the legal notices in newspapers so service by publication usually results in no notice at all but would be satisfactory to a court. In Massachusetts, the courts prefer that a different form of notification be used. Massachusetts courts now require detailed affidavits explaining how the Plaintiff searched for a Defendant including details of searches on the internet. As one clerk told me internet searches are required unless the Defendant's name is Smith.
A search for a missing Defendant should start with a search for a telephone number. A telephone information request with the telephone company is generally a first step. If this doesn't work, a similar search on the internet using multiple search engines (Google, Bing, etc.) should be made. If the person has a driver's license or professional license then the state data banks may show a current address for the person. All of these search methods may show a residence for a missing Defendant. A lawyer can request confirmation of addresses or forwarding address information from the post office. A non-lawyer probably would need a court order authorizing the post office to provide this information from the post office.
If, after using all of the methods just described, the person still can't be located, then social media should be searched. There are too many social media sites to search them all. At a minimum, Facebook, Linkedin, Instagram, and GooglePlus should be searched. If a social media page is located for the individual then print the contents of the page. A judge may need information that the person currently uses the social media site.
If after all of these methods, the person still can't be found, try to locate a close relative: parent, child, ex-spouse, or sibling. These people may be in contact with the person and may be used for service.
After all methods to research have been used and if you still don't have a work or residential address, then file a motion with the court for alternate service. In Massachusetts, and probably other states, the judge will want to use the best method of service that is calculated to actually reach the Defendant. Service can be made by email, text messaging, messaging through social media, or by relatives. The motion should be accompanied by a detailed affidavit showing all of the internet research and any relevant web pages.
If after all of these steps, the person can't be located, service by publication may be approved by a judge. Service by publication is expensive and usually ineffectual. However, it may be the only method available. Alternate service can be complicated for individuals. A local attorney can guide you through the process and help you locate your defendant.
Sunday, October 18, 2015
October is National Domestic Violence Awareness Month
By presidential proclamation, October was declared to be National Violence Awareness Month. Nobody should be subject to domestic violence. If you or someone you know is in an abusive relationship you need to get help. You can get information about domestic abuse from the Frequently Asked Questions about abuse at my web site. You can talk to an attorney or even call the police. Understanding your options may help you take steps to protect yourself. The courts can issue restraining orders to protect against violence and, in certain circumstances, can make orders of child custody and support. If you are in an abusive situation there are people and services who can help you.
Saturday, October 10, 2015
You can commit criminal acts by owning or using surveillance and security systems.
The cost of home security and surveillance systems has decreased so that now everybody can afford a system. Internet providers offer home security systems. Some people use hidden cameras like nanny cams to keep an eye on babysitters. The news contains stories of people who use home security systems to catch burglers in the act. While such security systesm have many benefits they can also cause people to commit criminal acts.
Most states have laws that prohibit recording of voice communications without permission or a court order. These are generally called wiretapping laws. While we usually think of wiretapping as meaning telephone calls the laws are usually written broadly to cover all voice communications. Some states allow recording of such conversations if one person to the conversation gives permission. Other states, including Massachusetts, require all parties to the conversation to grant permission before the conversation can be recorded. Recording a conversation without permission is a crime in most states. In Massachusetts, making an unathorized voice recording is a felony. This means that making a recording of a person's voice without their permission can result in person being sentenced to imprisonment in the state prison. The Massachusetts wiretapping law goes even further and makes it a crime to possess hidden equipment that is capable of making voice recordings. Mass.Gen.L. c. 272, § 99.
Hidden cameras as part of a home or office security system do not violate any laws. However, microphones are probably not lawful as they can record voices. Merely having microphones as part of a home security system can result in a criminal conviction. Of course, you can have microphones as part of the security system as long as you obtain permission from the person you are recording. You may be able to have the equivalent of permission by using signs that disclose the recordings. Such disclosures would probably defeat the purpose of having the microphones in the first place but would be adequate to prevent commission of a crime.
If you own or want to purchase a security system you should consult an attorney to find out what is permitted for recordings in your state.
Monday, September 7, 2015
Prepare for a divorce—create a household inventory
In most cases, people anticipate a divorce before it happens. While some actions taken before a divorce can receive an adverse reaction from a spouse, creating an inventory should not. Creating an inventory can be helpful in case you suffer an insurance loss such as fire, theft, or flood. An inventory can also be helpful in a divorce.
In a divorce the two spouses will have to divide the household belongings. Sometimes this occurs leisurely and sometimes in a rush. An inventory will make a split easier. If a court issues an order removing one party from the house having an inventory will make it easier for that person to receive a fair distribution of the household assets. If you are dividing items from memory you are likely to forget items that you care about.
Another benefit of having a household inventory is to reduce the potential for items to disappear. After a person who is out of the house takes their initial list of items it is much more difficult to obtain items from the house. That book that you received from your grandmother is likely to be thrown out if you don't retrieve it in the initial group of items. With digital photography you can incorporate photographs into your inventory. By having a list you can designate items to retrieve later and avoid having them thrown out or sold.
The earlier you start the inventory the better off you are. It is also helpful to consult an experienceddivorce lawyer as early as possible. Both an inventory and a divorce lawyer can help you work through the difficult times created by a divorce.
Sunday, August 9, 2015
Massachusetts stores can't impose shoplifting fines without a court order
Judge Douglas Stoddard, a District Court Judge in Natick, Mass. has enjoined Macy's from demanding that shoplifters pay a $500.00 civil fine to Macy's when they are caught by the store. Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 231, Section 85R-1/2 states that shoplifters "... shall be liable in tort to the merchant for damages for not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars..." Many stores claim that this law means that a shoplifter owes the store $500.00 if they are caught by the store. The stores are wrong. The law means that if the store sues shoplifters in court a judge may award civil damages of up to $500.00. Macy's has no right to collect $500.00 until after a Judge awarded them damages.
Macy's had a practice of detaining shoplifters and telling them that "if they paid the $500 fine, they would not be civilly sued in court and some said they were told they would not be arrested." In some cases, people paid the $500.00 and were then turned over to the police who arrested them. When the cases came before Natick District Court, Judge Stoddard learned of the practices of the store and issued an injunction against the store.The Judge stated "I'm not sure if I have the legal authority to do what I'm doing, but I believe I do have the power to right what's wrong. I don't think I'm asking for much."
What Macy's was doing was not only wrong, it was criminal. Massachusetts is a common law state. This means that crimes exist that were created by English judges before the American Revolution. Some of these


text:
The Medical Industry heavily uses sensor technology to cope with the increasing demand of high quality medical technology based products, apparatus, plant automation and pharmaceuticals. For going through these operations, consistent quality control and compliance with narrow tolerances is required. Sensors play a major role in attaining these targets.
Bestech Australia offers sensors from Micro-Epsilon for providing high precision measurements in a wide range of challenging tasks, hence making the medical products and devices safer and more effective.
- Confocal chromatic sensors
- Color sensors
- Draw wire displacement sensors
- Capacitive sensors
- Optical micrometer


text:
Subscribe to news email updates.
Tragic News Reports Weigh More Heavily on Women: Study
Physiological response was evident in reaction to later events.
WEDNESDAY, Oct. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Bad news in the media increases women's sensitivity to stressful situations but does not affect men, a new study finds.
University of Montreal researchers asked 60 people to read actual news stories. The articles were either neutral stories about events such as the opening of a new park or the premiere of a film, or negative stories about events such as accidents and murders.
Before and after the participants read the news stories, the researchers collected saliva samples in order to measure levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Higher levels of the hormone indicate higher levels of stress.
After reading the news stories, the participants were given memory and intellect tasks designed to evaluate how they react to stressful situations. Saliva samples were collected again after this part of the study.
"Although the news stories alone did not increase stress levels, they did make the women more reactive, affecting their physiological responses to later stressful situations," study lead author Marie-France Marin said in a university news release.
She and her colleagues found that women who read negative news stories had higher cortisol levels after doing the stressful tasks than women who read neutral news stories. This difference was not seen in men.
The study was published Oct. 10 in the journal PLoS One.
"It's difficult to avoid the news, considering the multitude of news sources out there," Marin said. "And what if all that news was bad for us? It certainly looks like that could be the case."
Additional studies are needed to learn more about how negative news affects different people, she added. Although the study found an association between reading negative news stories and increased stress, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has more about stress.
(SOURCE: University of Montreal, news release, Oct. 10, 2012)
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
HealthDay news articles are derived from various sources and do not reflect federal policy. Womenshealth.gov does not endorse opinions, products, or services that may appear in news stories.
A federal government website managed by the Office on Women's Health in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
200 Independence Avenue, S.W. • Washington, DC 20201


Highland Necropolis.jpg
Present day Highland Necropolis.
The Highland Necropolis is a city inhabited by the undead and demons, teeming with Dark Chi emanating from the Sealed Palace. The gateway to the city is closed off and closely guarded by the Snapjaw Tribe to prevent the darkness from spreading outside of the city.
Previously, the city was known as Highland Central, a central hub of the southern Eastern Continent and home to Prince Sogun and Princess Solaan. Thirty years prior, the Prince Sogun attempted to perform the Divine Mandate Ritual in order to become the next Stratus Emperor. However, the ritual was incorrectly performed, opening a gate to the Dark Realm. The Sacred Beasts of the Moonwater Plains arrived to fight the darkness while Stratus Director General Doyung attempts to rescue the citizens. The city quickly became a lost cause and the plan turned to keeping the Dark Chi contained to the city. All infected citizens and soldiers were swiftly killed and travel outside the city was closed off. By the time the Four Guardians arrived, all that could be done was to seal the darkness away into the Highland Palace. It would still periodically trickle Dark Chi into the city which the Snapjaw Tribe would perpetually have to fight off.
Current Timeline
Many lost and undead souls still wander the Necropolis along with creatures created by the Dark Chi. Anything within the city becomes corrupted from spiders and scorpions, to bats and Soul Wardens who enter the city to help. Even normal objects like swords, plates, and books turn into creatures called Dokkaebi.
The hero manages to quell a large part of the darkness by freeing General Doyung's soul.
Notable Places
The Highland Necropolis.png
The marked off area is the Highland Necropolis which is separate from the Orchard of Souls.
 - Snapjaw Camp
 - Bloodscale Post
 - Soul Ward
 - Orchard of Souls


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Suppose $h_1$ is collision resistant, and $h_2$ isn't.
Will $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))$ always be collision resistant?
[Edited:] the output of h2 must be uniformly distributed
share|improve this question
Not always, but in practice it will often be even for relatively weak hashes $h_2$. The most important property required of $h_2$ is that preserves at least $2n$ bits of entropy, where $n$ is the target security level. (even that's not sufficient in pathological cases) – CodesInChaos Dec 3 '13 at 13:07
"Uniformly distributed" over what? $f(x)=0$ is uniformly distributed over its image of $\{0\}$. – figlesquidge Dec 3 '13 at 13:24
2 Answers 2
Obviously not. For example, the function $h2(x) = 0$ is not collision resistant, $h2(h1(x))$ shares that property.
This remains true even in less trivial cases; if $h2$ is not collision resistant because its output is too short (it has an $n$-bit output, with $2^{n/2}$ being small enough to do a search over), then $h2(h1(x))$ will also be too short
share|improve this answer
Ironically, $H_2(x)$ is collision resistant if you assume the appropriate security claim for the output domain: $1$. – orlp Dec 3 '13 at 15:38
Will they always be collision resistant? No
For example, let $h_2(x)=0$. Then, $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))=0$, which certainly isn't collision resistant.
Can it be collision resistant? Yes
For example, suppose we define $h_1(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(x)$ and
$$ h_2(x)=\begin{cases} 0 & |x|=1 \\ \mathrm{SHA256}(x) & \mathrm{else} \end{cases} $$
Then, since the output of $|h_1(x)|=256$, the composition will leave: $$h(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(\mathrm{SHA256}(x))$$ Which is believed to be collision resistant from the collision resistance of Sha256.
But what if $h_2$ is uniformly distributed across a'sensible' codomain? As before
I add the requirement that it must be uniformly distributed across a sensible codomain since I assume this clarification wishes to prohibit hash functions for which the target space is too small to possibly be secure)
We can trivially create two examples that demonstrate the above properties. Let $W=\{0,1\}^{256}$. Then, as before let $h_1$ be a cryptographically secure hash function, with $h_1 \colon \{0,1\}^* \to W$ (eg SHA256 as above). Define $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{MSB_{256}}(x))$.
Then $h_2$ is not collision resistant (since for any $x\in W$ and $y\in\{0,1\}^*$ we have $h_2(x)=h_2(x||y)$), but as before $h(x)=h_1(h_1((x))$.
Defining $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{LSB_{256}}(\mathrm{MSB}_{512}(x))$ (ie we extract bits 256->511) we get the composition $h(x)=0$ which is not collision resistant.
A slight issue here might be justifying $h_2$ is uniformly distributed, but this comes down to how you attach a distribution to the set of all random strings - ie the distribution taken by $\{0,1\}^*$
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


English to Spanish: more detail...
 1. inquire:
 2. Wiktionary:
Detailed Translations for inquire from English to Spanish
to inquire verb (inquires, inquired, inquiring)
 1. to inquire
 2. to inquire (ask)
Conjugations for inquire:
 1. inquire
 2. inquire
 3. inquires
 4. inquire
 5. inquire
 6. inquire
simple past
 1. inquired
 2. inquired
 3. inquired
 4. inquired
 5. inquired
 6. inquired
present perfect
 1. have inquired
 2. have inquired
 3. has inquired
 4. have inquired
 5. have inquired
 6. have inquired
past continuous
 1. was inquiring
 2. were inquiring
 3. was inquiring
 4. were inquiring
 5. were inquiring
 6. were inquiring
 1. shall inquire
 2. will inquire
 3. will inquire
 4. shall inquire
 5. will inquire
 6. will inquire
continuous present
 1. am inquiring
 2. are inquiring
 3. is inquiring
 4. are inquiring
 5. are inquiring
 6. are inquiring
 1. be inquired
 2. be inquired
 3. be inquired
 4. be inquired
 5. be inquired
 6. be inquired
 1. inquire!
 2. let's inquire!
 3. inquired
 4. inquiring
Translation Matrix for inquire:
VerbRelated TranslationsOther Translations
averiguar ask; inquire affirm; audit; check; check out; collect; disentangle; disentwine; examine; gather; go through again; inquire about; inspect; invent; investigate; make inquiries about; obtain; research; study; trace; unravel; verify
examinar inquire attempt; cast an eye on; check; consider; control; endeavor; endeavour; examine; explore; glance; grant; hear; inspect; interpellate; interrogate; investigate; look; look at; look on; observe; pretest; prospect; question; regard; sample; scan; scrutinise; scrutinize; strive; study; subsidise; subsidize; survey; take samples; test; think it over; think out; try; try out; verify; view; watch
explorar inquire explore; frisk; investigate; prospect; scan
explorar a fondo inquire investigate
investigar inquire check; control; disentangle; disentwine; examine; explore; hear; investigate; prospect; research; scan; study; test; unravel
- ask; enquire; investigate; wonder
Not SpecifiedRelated TranslationsOther Translations
examinar browse; browse for
OtherRelated TranslationsOther Translations
- ask
Related Words for "inquire":
Synonyms for "inquire":
Related Definitions for "inquire":
 1. have a wish or desire to know something1
 2. inquire about1
 3. conduct an inquiry or investigation of1
 - inquire into the disappearance of the rich old lady1
Wiktionary Translations for inquire:
 1. to inquire
Cross Translation:
inquire informarse erkundigenAuskunft einholen, Informationen beschaffen
inquire inquirir inquirierenveraltend: untersuchen, vernehmen, verhören
inquire preguntar; pedir demander — Indiquer à quelqu'un par des paroles, par un écrit ou tout autre moyen ce qu'on désire obtenir de lui.
Related Translations for inquire


Reciprocity law
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For the reciprocity law in photography, see Reciprocity (photography).
In mathematics, a reciprocity law is a generalization of the law of quadratic reciprocity.
There are several different ways to express reciprocity laws. The early reciprocity laws found in the 19th century were usually expressed in terms of a power residue symbol (p/q) generalizing the quadratic reciprocity symbol, that describes when a prime number is an nth power residue modulo another prime, and gave a relation between (p/q) and (q/p). Hilbert reformulated the reciprocity laws as saying that a product over p of Hilbert norm residue symbols (a,b/p), taking values in roots of unity, is equal to 1. Artin reformulated the reciprocity laws as a statement that the Artin symbol from ideals (or ideles) to elements of a Galois group is trivial on a certain subgroup. Several more recent generalizations express reciprocity laws using cohomology of groups or representations of adelic groups or algebraic K-groups, and their relationship with the original quadratic reciprocity law can be hard to see.
Quadratic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: quadratic reciprocity
In terms of the Legendre symbol, the law of quadratic reciprocity for positive odd primes states
Cubic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: cubic reciprocity
The law of cubic reciprocity for Eisenstein integers states that if α and β are primary (primes congruent to 2 mod 3) then
Quartic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: quartic reciprocity
In terms of the quartic residue symbol, the law of quartic reciprocity for Gaussian integers states that if π and θ are primary (congruent to 1 mod (1+i)3) Gaussian primes then
Octic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Octic reciprocity
Eisenstein reciprocity[edit]
Suppose that ζ is an th root of unity for some odd prime. The power character is the power of ζ such that
for any prime ideal of Z[ζ]. It is extended to other ideals by multiplicativity. The Eisenstein reciprocity law states that
for a any rational integer coprime to and α any element of Z[ζ] that is coprime to a and and congruent to a rational integer modulo (1–ζ)2.
Kummer reciprocity[edit]
Suppose that ζ is an lth root of unity for some odd regular prime l. Since l is regular, we can extend the symbol {} to ideals in a unique way such that
where n is some integer prime to l such that pn is principal.
The Kummer reciprocity law states that
for p and q any distinct prime ideals of Z[ζ] other than (1–ζ).
Hilbert reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Hilbert symbol
In terms of the Hilbert symbol, Hilbert's reciprocity law for an algebraic number field states that
where the product is over all finite and infinite places. Over the rational numbers this is equivalent to the law of quadratic reciprocity. To see this take a and b to be distinct odd primes. Then Hilbert's law becomes But (p,q)p is equal to the Legendre symbol, (p,q) is 1 if one of p and q is positive and –1 otherwise, and (p,q)2 is (–1)(p–1)(q–1)/4. So for p and q positive odd primes Hilbert's law is the law of quadratic reciprocity.
Artin reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Artin reciprocity law
In the language of ideles, the Artin reciprocity law for a finite extension L/K states that the Artin map from the idele class group CK to the abelianization Gal(L/K)ab of the Galois group vanishes on NL/K(CL), and induces an isomorphism
Although it is not immediately obvious, the Artin reciprocity law easily implies all the previously discovered reciprocity laws, by applying it to suitable extensions L/K. For example, in the special case when K contains the nth roots of unity and L=K[a1/n] is a Kummer extension of K, the fact that the Artin map vanishes on NL/K(CL) implies Hilbert's reciprocity law for the Hilbert symbol.
Local reciprocity[edit]
Hasse introduced a local analogue of the Artin reciprocity law, called the local reciprocity law. One form of it states that for a finite abelian extension of L/K of local fields, the Artin map is an isomorphism from onto the Galois group.
Explicit reciprocity laws[edit]
In order to get a classical style reciprocity law from the Hilbert reciprocity law Π(a,b)p=1, one needs to know the values of (a,b)p for p dividing n. Explicit formulas for this are sometimes called explicit reciprocity laws.
Power reciprocity laws[edit]
Main article: Power reciprocity law
A power reciprocity law may be formulated as an analogue of the law of quadratic reciprocity in terms of the Hilbert symbols as[1]
Rational reciprocity laws[edit]
A rational reciprocity law is one stated in terms of rational integers without the use of roots of unity.
Scholz's reciprocity law[edit]
Shimura reciprocity[edit]
Weil reciprocity law[edit]
Main article: Weil reciprocity law
Langlands reciprocity[edit]
The Langlands program includes several conjectures for general reductive algebraic groups, which for the special of the group GL1 imply the Artin reciprocity law.
Yamamoto's reciprocity law[edit]
Yamamoto's reciprocity law is a reciprocity law related to class numbers of quadratic number fields.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Neukirch (1999) p.415


text:
Activate your device with BlackBerry Enterprise Server for Microsoft Exchange Server
You can also activate your device with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server when you set up your device with the BlackBerry® Desktop Software. If you use the BlackBerry Desktop Software to switch to a new BlackBerry device, your activation settings are copied to your new device.
For more information about the following settings, contact your administrator.
- Connect your device to your computer that is part of your corporate network.
- In the BlackBerry Desktop Software, click Device > Device options.
- Click the Enterprise Email tab.
- In the Email system drop-down list, click Microsoft Exchange (Outlook Client).
- Do one of the following:
- Do any of the following optional steps:
- To add the name of your email account on your device, type the name in the Service name field.
- To include a signature in your outgoing email messages, type a signature in the Email signature field.
- To save copies of the email messages from your device to the Sent Items folder in your Microsoft Outlook email account, select the Save sent emails check box.
- Click OK.


MPs should get free vote on murder law reform, says lord chief justice
Lord Judge says the law leaves some with a sense of injustice after a report criticises mandatory life sentences for murder
A guard unlocks a prison cell
Mandatory life sentences for murder were introduced in 1965 to replace the death penalty. Photograph: Halfdark/Getty Images/fStop
MPs should be given a free vote on reform of the murder laws, the lord chief justice has urged in response to calls for an end to mandatory life sentences for the offence.
Conceding that the law was "fiendishly difficult" and that some people were left with a sense of injustice, Lord Judge said that a review of the legislation might reduce demands for automatic sentences to be scrapped.
His comments were made in the wake of a report by the Homicide Review Advisory Group, which included judges, academics and former QCs, that warned that neither mandatory sentences nor the system for setting minimum terms were acceptable. So-called mercy killings, the study noted, attract the same mandatory life penalty as serial killings.
Speaking at the Royal Courts of Justice in central London, Judge said: "If the whole law of murder were looked at, that might very well address the question of whether or not those who are asking for the automatic sentence to be removed would have their biggest concerns allayed.
"What I would like, first of all, is the law must keep in step with public opinion. There has to be a balance between the law we have and what the public regards as an appropriate law.
"The second is, I would like, if the matter ever got to parliament, for it to be dealt with by way of a free vote so that members of parliament could vote in accordance with their consciences. That's a wish.
"It's sometimes felt that the complications leave, in the long run, a sense of injustice about how an individual case is fitted into the framework overall.
"I would have thought myself that a careful reform, or consideration of reform of the law of murder, might reduce the call for the automatic sentence to be removed."
He added: "I'm not actually expressing a view either way whether more people should be caught or fewer people should be caught. What I'm saying is it's fiendishly difficult.
"For everyone who says no automatic life imprisonment, there's another who says capital punishment," he said.
In its report, the Homicide Review Advisory Group called for sentencing for murder to become discretionary. The indefinite and misleading nature of life sentences, it said, was both unjust and incomprehensible – some resulting in a life behind bars, and others not.
The mandatory life sentence replaced the death penalty in 1965. The group said it had been brought in as a compromise to ensure the abolition of the death penalty made its way through both Houses of Parliament.
The starting point for a minimum term to be served for less serious murders is 15 years. Having served their term, offenders are released on life licence, but can be recalled to prison at any time if they breach its terms.
The time has come, the report said, to move to fixed sentences for murder so that the exact circumstances of offences can be properly reflected by the courts. The report comes after research published last October showed there was no evidence of widespread support for mandatory life sentences for murder. Fewer than one person in five believed that sentencing cases of murder was "about right", the study found.
The report authors and law professors Barry Mitchell and Julian Roberts said serious consideration should be given to using mandatory life sentences for "particularly serious cases" only.
Mitchell, from Coventry University, and Oxford University's Roberts said they wanted to test the assumption that anything less than automatic indefinite jail terms would undermine public confidence in the criminal justice system.
Their study, funded by the charity the Nuffield Foundation, found that the public had limited understanding of how convicted murderers were sentenced.
In particular, the vast majority of people wrongly assumed the murder rate in England and Wales had increased over the past decade, when it had actually begun to decline.
And a big proportion of those surveyed underestimated the length of time that most murderers spend in prison before being released on life licence.
A Ministry of Justice spokesman said: "We have no plans to abolish the mandatory life sentence for murder. The most serious crimes deserve the most serious sentences."


DBLP FAQ: What is the preferred format to enter publications into DBLP?
DBLP was started in 1993 as a pure HTML application. Later essential parts were converted to XML, but the input "language" remains to be in HTML style. The idea is to enter tables of contents (TOCs) in a format, which is very close to their appearance on the DBLP TOC web pages.
The TOC of a journal issue is the smallest unit of information we usually enter. For a first example compare
A TOC entry, that is the bibliographic description of paper, always has the same format:
A sequence of TOC entries always has to be placed into an -element. Empty -elements are illegal. You may add additional text between -elements, for an example look at input file / DBLP page.
For conference proceedings the input format is very similar. Our input file example shows the main difference: HTML -elements (and , ,...) may be used organize large tables of contents. For DBLP users tables of contents are simply more readable if the papers are grouped by sessions etc. as in our example.


Wednesday, July 21 2021
Home / Genuine Psychic Advice / Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Most people are tired and drained most of their lives. There is always so much going on such as home life, working, being sociable and doing all of these things can put a strain on use. We don't get enough sleep and we don't get enough free time throughout our days.
When you are an intuitive, this can be even worse. You will experience so many highs and lows throughout the day and this comes with energy coming and going through your life. You will have your vibrations getting lower and then it can cause you to crash. When you are in one of the categories of an empath, you will know that this can be psychic exhaustion that you are feeling.
This is a word that is beyond tired. This is exhaustion, drained, depleted. This is where your brain will not even be able to think anymore because you just want to sit around and rest. This is a time when you become emotionally and physically drained.
So Tired
Empath's are always tired because they use more energy than other people do. Their energies are always being tapped into and some of the times, negative energies attach to them.
When you are an empath, you have strong and heavy emotions. These emotions come from people and areas around them. Even when you don't mean to, when you are an empath, you pick it all up.
When you feel the emotions of other people, you are opening up your energy reservoir to them. You will take on other people's energies to help them heal and when you do this, you will become tired and sick yourself.
Being an empath takes a lot of work and energy and you have to learn to protect yourself. When you have days that are off or you are very tired, you need to learn to clear off this negative energy form your life. You need to sit down and figure out why you are always drained.
You need to know that your energies are always connecting with others and this causes the human body to work harder. The body is not used to working with these energies. An empath uses energies differently than other people and that is why sometimes, even with a caffeine overload, that you will still feel tired.
When you give readings and are connecting with people for a long period of time, you will start off strong and then you will become very tired. This happens to people that are empath's but all the time. You have to learn to adjust your schedule in order to manage your energies.
Helping Your Energy Levels
In order to help your energy levels, there are some things you can do:
 - Stop using a lot of caffeine.
 - Stay balanced.
 - Ground your energy and refill the energy in your body.
 - Protect your energy from negativity.
 - Put up boundaries with people and in the spirit world.
 - Love yourself.
 - Take breaks.
 - Know you have limits.
 - Fill yourself up through meditation.
 - Balance your chakras.
Empaths are tired more because they have more energies that are being used up on a day to day and minute to minute basis. Learn to replenish your energies so you do not become drained and overly tired.
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Today's picks
 Is drinking ice water in hot weather bad for health?
 Drinking water is one of the most reliable way to keep body temperatures at an acceptable level during heat waves.
 In general, health experts recommend drinking at least two liters of water a day, but a little more in hot weather.
 Many people put ice cubes in the water to get a feeling of freshness and coolness, but is this safe for health?
 And every summer, numerous posts are published online urging people to avoid very cold water, as it can have serious consequences.
 Freezing fluids can upset the esophagus, causing unpleasant symptoms, including stomach cramps or chest pains and signs characteristic for esophageal spasm.
 In a widely spread video, a man said that he started seeing spots, feeling very nauseous in his stomach and numbness in his hands and feet after drinking ice water, and the man added that cold water disrupts the body's signals, and claimed that rapid exposure to cold water and air after sports makes the body rejuvenate.
 Distribution of blood from the hands, feet and head to the stomach.Health professionals don't think water is the culprit, and people rarely faint in hot weather.
 Doctors believe that some underlying health conditions, not just cold water, cause fainting in hot weather. At its most severe, conditions such as heat exhaustion, dehydration and others can lead to fainting, according to the British newspaper Express.
 Heat-related problems tend to affect people who work outside in hot weather, and heat stroke is a particular risk under these conditions, and its symptoms match those the video maker claims were caused by cold water.
 Related Articles


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Key Difference – Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
Chemical and electrical synapses are specialized biological structures found in the nervous system; they connect neurons together and transmit signals across the neurons. The key difference between chemical and electrical synapse is their method of transmitting signals; chemical synapse pass signals in the form of chemical molecules called neurotransmitters while electrical synapse transmits signals in the form of electrical signals without the use of molecules. The structure of chemical synapse and electrical synapse is also slightly different from each other due to their mode of action.
What is a Synapse?
A synapse can be defined as a structure mediating the transmission of signals from one neuron to the adjacent neuron. Synapses are found in the nervous system. They can transmit either electrical signals or chemical signals. Synapses can be classified two main types according to this type of the signal: electrical synapse and chemical synapse. At the synapse, the communicating two neurons come closer by their plasma membranes to pass the signal accurately and efficiently. The neuron which sends the signal consists of the presynaptic end while the neuron receiving the signal consists of the postsynaptic end. These ends can be seen in axon and dendrite/soma respectively.
What is Chemical Synapse?
Chemical synapse is a biological structure that can be found among two neurons or among a neuron and a nonneuronal cell and its main function is to communicate with each other via chemical messengers as shown in figure 01. These chemical messengers are known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are produced and packaged inside the small vesicles known as synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles are filled with neurotransmitters and accumulate near the presynaptic end of the presynaptic neuron. When the action potential changes in the presynaptic neuron membrane, these neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis to a space called synaptic cleft. Once these neurotransmitters enter into the synaptic cleft, they bind with the specific receptors located on the surface of the postsynaptic neuron and give the information. This is the type of chemical signal transmission that occurs at the chemical synapse; thus, these structures are of utmost importance to connect the nervous system without collapse. Signal transmission through chemical synapse occurs in only one direction.
One organism contains a huge number of chemical synapse in its nervous system. An adult may have 1000 to 5000 trillion chemical synapses in the central nervous system. This number can vary with the age.
What is an Electrical Synapse?
An electrical synapse is a structure which facilitates two neurons to communicate with each other through electrical signals without any chemical involvement. In an electrical synapse, presynaptic neuron membrane and postsynaptic neuron membrane come extremely closer to each other and connect by making a channel called gap junction as shown in figure 2. Then the signal which is in the form of ionic current, flows through the gap junction passively, allowing the signal transmission. A gap junction is formed using protein channels called connexons. Connexons are tube-like proteins which make a passage through two neurons.
What is the difference between Chemical and Electrical Synapse?
Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
|In chemical synapse, signal transmission happens through chemical molecules called neurotransmitters.||In electrical synapse, signal transmission happens in the form of electrical signals without the use of molecules.|
|Modification of Signals|
|Signals are modified during the transmission.||Signals are not modified during the transmission.|
|Release of Signals|
|Neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis and diffused in the synapsis cleft and then are bound to receptors.||Electric signal pass via gap junctions.|
|Space Between Two Neurons|
|Space between the pre and postsynaptic ends is larger.||Space between the pre and postsynaptic ends is very small.|
|Direction of Signal|
|Signal transmission happens only into one direction.||Signal transmission can happen in both directions.|
|Signal transmission requires energy. So it's an active process.||Signal transmission happens without utilizing energy. So it's a passive process.|
|Speed of Transmission|
|Signal transmission happens at a moderate speed.||Signal transmission is extremely fast.|
Summary – Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
There are two main types of synapses called chemical and electrical synapses. Chemical synapse uses chemicals called neurotransmitters to transmit signals along the neurons and facilitates a unidirectional transmission. Electrical synapse uses an ionic current to transmit signals along the neurons and facilitates transmission in both directions. The space between two neurons in the chemical synapse is larger and is known as synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters are diffused in the synaptic cleft till they find their specific receptors. Two neurons in the electric synapse physically connect with each other through gap junctions; hence, the space is very small.
1. Purves, Dale. "Chemical Synapses." Neuroscience. 2nd edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 06 Feb. 2017
2. Purves, Dale. "Electrical Synapses." Neuroscience. 2nd edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 06 Feb. 2017
3. Nicholls, J. G., and D. Purves. "A comparison of chemical and electrical synaptic transmission between single sensory cells and a motoneurone in the central nervous system of the leech." The Journal of Physiology. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Sept. 1972. Web. 06 Feb. 2017


Inserting Contour Data Into a Drawing
Bottom of the Page
Insert contour data into the drawing as AutoCAD polylines using the Insert to Drawing command.
In some situations, the surface keeps breakline or contour data (a list of their point coordinates), but does not associate them with an object. This may happen, for example, when you deleted an entity that the surface depends on, but the Copy Deleted Dependent Objects option on the Definition Tab (Surface Properties Dialog Box) page of the Surface Properties dialog box is set to Yes. In this case, the surface simply converts its reference from a drawing entity to a list of points defining the object's geometry.
To restore the reference to the object entity, you can insert the data associated with the deleted contour.
Inserting Contour Data Into a Drawing
Quick Reference
Toolspace Shortcut Menu
Prospector tab: Surfaces DefinitionContours right-click Insert To Drawing
Prospector tab: Surfaces DefinitionContoursright-click in list view Insert To Drawing


text:
Performance Analysis of AODV Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Service Discovery Architecture
VANET is the special type of MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETworks) where the mobile nodes are vehicles that move on roads at very high speed following traffic rules; they provide communication between Vehicle and Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle and Road side Infrastructural unit (V 2 I). This paper explores the possibility of using VANET in inter vehicular communication. An attempt has been made earlier to create a new cluster model for efficient communication among the VANET nodes by the author. A new clustering model has been created after taking the simple highway vehicular model concept into consideration.


text:
1. First, according to the production capacity set conveyor speed, note that the belt speed can not exceed the maximum speed of reflow soldering process (here refers to meet the preheating heating rate of ≤3℃/s, welding peak temperature and reflow time should meet the welding requirements).
2. Set the temperature for the first time.
3. In order to ensure temperature stability in the furnace, the first temperature curve test.
4. Analysis of the measured temperature curve and the design of the difference between the temperature curve, the next temperature adjustment.
5. To ensure temperature stability in the furnace and to test the SMA cooled to room temperature, the next temperature curve test.
6. Repeat (4) ~) process until the measured temperature curve is consistent with the desired temperature curve of the design.