For other versions of Nite Owl, see Nite Owl.
"Y'know, this must be how ordinary people feel. This must be how ordinary people feel around us."
—Dan Dreiberg to Rorschach
Daniel "Dan" Dreiberg is the second Nite Owl and a member of the Crimebusters.
Dreiberg succeeded the original Nite Owl Hollis Mason during the second generation of vigilantes. He took advantage of his massive inheritance and engineering know-how to build various gadgets and machines to assist him alongside his partner Rorschach on top of their combat skills.
He joined with other heroes to form the Crimebusters, but the team never came to be. Nite Owl II continued to fight crime until he was forced into retirement due to the Keene Act which made masked crimefighting illegal, causing him to feel lost and dejected.
Dreiberg came out of retirement after the death of fellow crimefighter the Comedian, and found purpose again through his lover, his former teammate in the Crimebusters, Laurie Juspeczyk. After failing to stop Ozymandias' plot to save mankind by killing millions, Dan returned to retirement with his lover Laurie Juspeczyk and tried living a normal life under the name Sam Hollis.
Early Life
Daniel Dreiberg was born on September 18, 1945. His father, William Dreiberg, was a corporate banker. Though William was abusive toward Dan and Victoria, he was rarely home as he worked long hours and spent much of his after-work hours drinking and womanizing.
Dan was an introvert fascinated with electronics, inventions, and the crime-fighting exploits of his hero Nite Owl.[1] His favorite stories were about Pegasus and the flying carpet from mythology. Fascinated with the idea of flying, he studied ornithology and aviation extensively alongside engineering.[2]
Throughout his childhood in the early 1950s, he spent many of his summers in New England, venturing out into the fields at night and searching for owls.[3]
Becoming Nite Owl
In 1962, at the age of sixteen, during one of Nite Owl's publicity stunts in Sparky's Garage, Dan rigged the Owl Car with a listening device of his own invention and followed Nite Owl all the way to the secret entrance of the hero's lair. Dan bypassed the lock and left a note requesting that they meet at Lincoln Park. During this meeting, Dan learned the identity of Nite Owl as Hollis Mason. Dan offered to become Mason's sidekick. Hollis' initial reaction was surprisingly nonchalant, agreeing to give the kid a shot.[1]
When Dan returned home, he saw that his father was abusing his mother again, but soon after the man had a heart attack, and neither Dan nor his mother bothered to call the hospital in time.[1] Although his father was disappointed in him for not following his in his footsteps and becoming a banker, he left him a large inheritance, which Dan used to pay for the materials needed to design and build his crime-fighting gear.[2] He went on to become study aeronautics and zoology at Harvard University.[2]
When Mason retired from crime-fighting and opened an auto repair shop, Dan wrote to him asking if he could carry on his name as Nite Owl II.[4][2] Upon looking at his gear, Mason was too impressed to refuse him[4], and so he became Nite Owl II in 1962.
In 1965, Nite Owl teamed up with fellow costumed adventurer Rorschach to take on organized crime. Thanks to the latter's unpredictability and tactical brilliance,[2] they both notorious criminals such as Underboss and Big Figure.[5]
The Crimebusters
With the Comedian
The next year, having made quite an impression on other crimefighters, Dan and Rorschach were invited by Captain Metropolis to join the Crimebusters.[6][7][5] Dreiberg felt that he joined a fellowship of legendary beings and he was disappointed that it didn't last.[2] Though the Crimebusters became defunct, Nite Owl kept a recurring partnership with Rorschach and would occasionally team up with other former Crimebusters, particularly the Silk Spectre.
In 1968, Nite Owl brought down the vice queen known as the Twilight Lady. She wrote to Nite Owl from prison. Against Hollis Mason's advice, Dan wrote back, thinking he could reform her. When she was released in the early 1970's, Dan tried to mold her into a crimefighting partner, but she was more interested in being his romantic partner. After a long and tumultuous relationship, Dan and her parted ways.[2]
In 1977, a missing girl named Violet Greene was found in a pornographic video circulating around New York's seedy underbelly. Rorschach recruited Nite Owl to help him investigate this case as it appeared that a new Twilight Lady might be behind it. Nite Owl and Rorschach found that Liz herself had returned to her old moniker and was now running a new high-class vice den. They found Violet Greene and discovered she was not kidnapped, but had disappeared in order to pursue this new hedonistic lifestyle as one of Twilight Lady's new starlets. Nite Owl told Twilight Lady to shut the operation down and leave the city, but Rorschach was not satisfied with this as he felt Twilight Lady's activities were a blight on the development of the youth in the area. Nite Owl and Rorschach came to blows and ultimately this case marked the end of their operational partnership for many years.
During the Police Strike of 1977, Nite Owl was patrolling with The Comedian on Archie and attempted to pacify the rioters, an action rendered moot when the notoriously short-tempered Comedian opened fire.[6] Having already come to believe that his expensive activities were accomplishing little, Dreiberg retired after the passing of the Keene Act on August 3, 1977,[7] although he seemed to regret his decision later.[2] Rorschach would later say regarding his retirement, "No staying power."
After retirement, he chose not to reveal his civilian identity and kept his past secret. However, he had kept some friendship with Laurie Juspeczyk.[7] He also maintained his friendship with Hollis Mason and the two men met every Saturday night.[8] In his civilian life, he contributed essays and scholarly articles to ornithological journals, although he knew that they didn't interest many people.[2]
In 1983 he visited Maine in order to pay a visit to Byron Lewis (the former Mothman) in the hospital, on behalf of Mason. On his way back to the parking lot, he heard the screech of a mature owl and was filled with a feeling that renewed his excitement about birds. He shared his experience in the Journal of the American Ornithological Society.[3]
Events of Watchmen
Talking about the old days with Rorschach
Dreiberg was the first of the "masks" that Rorschach warned after the death of Edward Blake. The two shared a tense reunion, with Rorschach chastising him for his decision to retire, and Dreiberg criticizing Rorschach's insistence on continuing his vigilante activities. Shortly thereafter he met with Laurie Juspeczyk, the second Silk Spectre, at Rafael's and the two reminisced about their times as costumed adventurers.[9]
Later he attended the Comedian's funeral, reuniting with Ozymandias and Dr. Manhattan.[6]
At the Comedian's funeral
Dr. Manhattan goes into self-imposed exile on Mars after Laurie leaves him and he is tricked into believing he was harming the people he loved. Simultaneously, an attempt is made on the life of Adrian Veidt, and Dreiberg takes in Laurie as a precaution. The two explore their feelings for each other and attempt to make love. However, Dan experiences a moment of impotency and they are unable to. During her stay, they are made aware of the capture of Rorschach by authorities, as he is charged with the murder of Moloch. After a nightmare, Dreiberg goes to his lab, where he expresses how helpless he feels in the face of impending nuclear war. He and Laurie decide to take up arms once again and experience that sense of power they had before. Donning their outfits, they take the Owlship and patrol New York City once again, in defiance of the Keene Act. Discovering a fire at a tenement, they come to the rescue and evacuate everybody from the burning building safely. Being in his Nite Owl persona again revives Dan's spirit, and he and Laurie are able to make love in the Owlship above the city.
Deciding the time had come to act rather than stand by, Nite Owl and Silk Spectre break Rorschach out of Sing Sing. Afterward, as Laurie is taken to Mars by Manhattan, Dreiberg and Rorschach explore the New York underworld looking for clues on whatever plot is taking place. They discover that the prison break led to a series of anti-superhero riots, including the murder of Dreiberg's predecessor and mentor as Nite Owl, Hollis Mason. Dreiberg swears vengeance, assaulting one of the men responsible with such fury that Rorschach, known for his brutality in dispatching criminals, has to restrain him. During their interrogations, they determine that their leads point to none other then their former comrade Ozymandias. The two head to Karnak,


My book says that "koto" can convert verbs into nouns. It can also convert adjectives and adverbial nouns, but what does that mean? It gives examples like:
Tori o tsukamaeru koto wa kantan ja nai?
Watashi wa kare ga nihon e itta koto o nd dare date boku ga atama ga warui koto ot shitteru
The book says "koto" means "thing", "fact", or "matter".
How exactly do you use "koto"?
 - I presume your book says that koto is used to convert verbs into nouns, right? – Darius Jahandarie Dec 20 '13 at 3:35
 - yes what I want to know is how exactly to use it in a conversation – Arturo Dec 20 '13 at 3:39
 - thank you very much for separating and explaining. Sorry but book also says it converts adjectives and adjectival nouns, how does that work, I understand the nouns now, the other example is watashi wa kare ga nihon e itta koto o nd dare date boku ga atama ga warui koto ot shitteru thanks for your patience sensei – Arturo Dec 20 '13 at 3:59
 - 2
 Hi _USER_, could you check the spelling on your last example one more time? Some of the words seem incorrect and it makes it hard to understand the example. – Troyen Jan 26 '14 at 9:03
tori wo tsukamaeru
"I catch birds."
"I will catch the bird."
This is a full sentence, as you can see in the English meanings provided.
tori wo tsukamaeru koto
"catching birds"
When you add koto on the end, it becomes a noun.
Since it is a noun, you can use as part of a larger sentence:
tori wo tsukamaeru koto ha kantan ja nai
"Catching birds is not simple."
 - 4
 There are other meanings of koto -- I only talked about the one you were asking about in this answer. – Darius Jahandarie Dec 20 '13 at 3:45
 - oh realy do you mind telling me them, if no that's ok I'll look for them on my own, its cause it's not clear yet how to use koto, by your explanation I know you change it to catching, eating, and so on, but thanks anyway – Arturo Dec 20 '13 at 4:03
How about this:
彼女たちは 日本語を 勉強したことが あります。
Kanojo-tachi wa nihon-go o benkyō shita koto ga arimasu.
Them girls studied Japanese at least once.
 - "koto" turns every thing preceding it into a substantive (noun) clause.
 - "ga arimasu" indicates that the subject exists in at least one instance.
I'll put something up from the book I'm reading, Teach Yourself Books C. J. Dunn and S. Yanada Japanese (first printed 1958, impression 1973):
In lesson 7 (p. 29)
"A standardized adjectival clause is used as one of the ways of expressing the idea of "being able". Thus yomu koto ga dekimasu is equivalent to "I can read"; in other words, to add the idea of "being able" to any verb, put the plain form of the verb before the expression kota ga dekimasu. Thus, to give another example, Eigo o hanasu koto ga dekimasu can be translated as "Can you speak English?" The expression koto ga dekimasu is best thought of as idiomatic; koto is "an abstract thing" and dekimasu, or dekiru, to use the dictionary form, as we shall henceforth when referring to a verb, is a word of wide meaning, including such as "is made", "is produced", "is possible"; you may thus think of yomu koto ga dekimasu as "a reading thing is possible" or "reading is possible", but it is probably better not to analyse the meanings of the expressions such as this. However, the construction composed of a verb followed by koto is a useful one, for it can be used to translate English verbal noun ending in "-ing". Thus yomu koto is "reading", oyogu koto, "swimming", hanasu koto, "speaking", e.g., Nihongo o hanasu koto wa muzukashii desu. Speaking Japanese is difficult. Or It is difficult to speak Japanese."
I am here to further my understanding of this noun.
(Glossary: koto n. (abstract) thing, fact)
I recommend looking up the definition for idiomatic. This is probably why it is hard to translate because there is not a literal meaning that is necessarily obvious. This book gave me some useful examples, but even so I need more examples before I can truly understand koto.
Darius' example above is right. But, you can also use KOTO as follows. Anyone, please correct me if the below translations are wrong.
かのじょ たち は 日本 ご を べんきょう した こと が あり. - She (all) HAD DONE the thing of studying Japanese.
かれ の かお は 見た こと が あり ます. - I HAD DONE the thing of looking at his face.
MP 3 プレーヤー を つかった こと が あり ます か? - HAD you DONE (did you do) the thing of using the MP3 player?
Past tense + koto = HAD DONE THE ACTION OF something.
 - 1
 I don't think ～たことがある should be translated with the past perfect tense. E.g. 彼の顔は見たことがあります should be more along the lines of I have seen his face (before/already). The past perfect tense seems to fit well for ～たことがあった, though. – Earthliŋ Dec 14 '14 at 12:17
 -［名詞a noun］が できます。 ga dekimasu. ・［動詞a verb辞書形dictionary-form］ことが できます。 koto ga dekimasu.
 能力ability・可能the possible
 例 スキーが できます / およぐことが できます。
 Sukii ga dekimasu / Oyogu koto ga dekimasu
-［しゅみ/しごと］は ［動詞a verb辞書形dictionary-form］ことです。 [Shumi/Shigoto] wa koto desu. ・［動詞a verb辞書形dictionary-form］ことが すきです。 koto ga suki desu.
 ［動詞a verb辞書形dictionary-form］こと ＝ ［名詞a noun］
 例 しゅみは えいがを みることです。
 Shumi wa eiga o miru koto desu.
-［動詞a verbた形ta-form］ことが あります。 koto ga arimasu.
 経験an experienceが あります
 例 アフリカへ いったことが あります。 Afurika e itta koto ga arimasu.
Your Answer


text:
Putting Faulty Cores to Work
Since the non-cache parts of a core are less regular, compared to on-chip caches, tolerating manufacturing defects in the processing core is a more challenging problem. Due to the lack of effective solutions, disabling non-functional cores is a common practice in industry, which results in a significant reduction in system throughput. Although a faulty core cannot be trusted to correctly execute programs, they observe that for most defects, when starting from a valid architectural state, execution traces on a defective core coarsely resemble those of fault-free executions. In light of this insight, the authors propose a robust and heterogeneous core coupling execution scheme, Necromancer that exploits a functionally dead core to improve system throughput by supplying hints regarding high-level program behavior.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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text:
ANKARA - Radikal
The Agriculture Ministry is analyzing roducts grown in fields, gardens, and green houses for residual pesticides. The ministry plans to revise its list of pesticides. Hürriyet photo
The Agriculture Ministry has rolled up its sleeves and has begun studying agricultural pesticides in order to institute new regulations for their use. According to the findings of the study, a number of chemical pesticides are expected to be completely banned, while others will be replaced with alternative products.
Every year many of Turkey's agricultural products destined for export are sent back to Turkey because they contain the residue of pesticides. In order to address this problem, the ministry has embarked on an analysis of agricultural products grown in fields, gardens, and greenhouses and will revise its list of acceptable agricultural pesticides allowed for use in Turkey.
Since the beginning of June, Turkish pharmacies have been allowed to sell agricultural pesticides, which is causing quite a stir at the Chamber of Agriculture Engineers, who argue that this could be harmful to human health. The president of the Chamber of Agriculture Engineers, Dr. Turhan Tuncer, told daily Radikal that these pesticides should only be sold by experts in the field, and that pharmacies were not appropriate venues for the distribution of such products.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A comparative study of two methods for determination of pH, exchangeable base cations, and aluminum
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
Förlag: Taylor & Francis
The ability to compare soil chemical data achieved by different chemical extraction methods is a necessity for an efficient long-term monitoring of soils and for comparisons of results from regional soil surveys with differing standard methods. This study compares two common, methods for analysis of soil chemical properties, the combination of soil extraction in 1.0 M NH4Cl and 1.0 M KCl and the single extraction method using 0.1 M BaCl2. Results show that the two methods do not differ in extraction capability with regard to pH and exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). However, there is less agreement in extraction capability with regard. to potassium (K), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al). For these elements, BaCl2 is less efficient than NH4Cl and KCl. Despite the differences in extraction capability between BaCl2 and KCl/NH4Cl, regression analyses showed that the methods are well correlated (high regression coefficients for all, elements). Thus, transformation of data achieved by one method to estimated values of the other method are possible. Results from this study may be an important tool for comparisons of mineral soil data achieved by the two methods.
- Biology and Life Sciences
- ISSN: 0010-3624


Home > E-book list > Path Analysis
Garson, G. D. (2014). Path Analysis. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishers.
Register to obtain a password: click here.
Statistical Associates Publishers home page.
About the author
Table of Contents
ASIN number (e-book counterpart to ISBN): ASIN: B0093GKTKS
An illustrated tutorial and introduction to path analysis using SPSS, AMOS, SAS, or Stata. Suitable for introductory graduate-level study.
The 2014 edition is a major update to the 2012 edition. Among the new features are these:
Below is the unformatted table of contents.
Overview 6
Data used in this volume 7
Key Concepts and Terms 7
Estimation 7
Path model 8
Exogenous and endogenous variables 8
Disturbance terms 8
Causal paths 9
Path Coefficients 10
Path coefficents/weights 10
Path multiplication rule 11
Effect decomposition 12
Path analysis example in OLS regression 13
Overview 13
SPSS regression method 14
SAS regression method 16
Stata regression method 17
Path analysis example in SEM 18
SEM example data 18
SEM in SPSS Amos, SAS, and Stata 19
Path analysis in SPSS AMOS 19
AMOS Inputs 19
AMOS outputs: Path estimates 25
AMOS outputs: Partition of total effects 27
AMOS outputs: Goodness of Fit measures 29
AMOS outputs: Correlations 34
AMOS outputs: Modification indexes 35
Path Analysis in SAS PROC CALIS 36
Overview 36
SAS inputs 37
SAS outputs: Path estimates 39
SAS outputs: Partition of total effects 40
SAS outputs: Goodness of fit measures 41
SAS outputs: Correlations 45
SAS outputs: Modification indices 46
Path Analysis in Stata 47
Overview 47
Stata inputs 48
Stata outputs: Path estimates 49
Stata outputs: Partition of total effects 51
Stata outputs: Goodness of fit measures 53
Stata outputs: Correlations 55
Stata outputs: Modification indices 55
Assumptions 57
Linearity 57
Interval level variables 57
Uncorrelated error 58
Proper specification 59
Normally distributed error 59
Low multicollinearity 60
Identification of the model 60
Recursivity 60
Adequate sample size 60
Frequently Asked Questions 61
Does path analysis confirm causation in a model? 61
Can path analysis be used for exploratory rather than confirmatory purposes? 61
How does the significance of a path coefficient compare with the significance of the corresponding regression coefficient? 62
How is the path multiplication rule used in computation of indirect effects? 62
Partition Model A: Simple mediation 63
Partition Model B: Anteceding effect on endogenous variables 64
Partition Model C: Anteceding effect on former exogenous and endogenous variables 66
Partition Model D: Correlated exogenous variables 67
Why might the direct effect be zero? 69
What is Simpson's paradox? 69
What is Berkson's paradox (case-control bias)? 70
How are path coefficients related to a covariance/correlation matrix for purposes of testing a model? 71
How, exactly, can I compute path coefficients in the regression method? 72
How do I compute the value of the path from an error term to an endogenous variable? 73
How can multiple group path analysis determine if the path model differs across groups in my sample? 73
Could I substitute logistic regression when doing effect decomposition? 73
Can path analysis handle hierarchical/multilevel data? 73
What is partial least squares path analysis? 74
What is the historical origin of path analysis? 74
Bibliography 76
Pagecount: 81


Does Paul Condemn Observing YAH'S Holy Days?
Does Pa'al really Condemn Observing Yah's Holy Days?
by Earl L. Henn (_PHONE_)
Edited by Free of the House of Payne (2020)
Through the centuries, theologians have devised many arguments to do away with the observance of Yah's holy days. They propose that various scriptures in the New Covenant obviate the need for Followers to keep the days which Yah's law specifically says are holy to Him (Leviticus 23:2).
A favorite target of theirs is Galatians 4:9-10, in which Pa'al expresses his frustration with the Galatians because they had returned to certain religious practices. He calls these practices "weak and beggarly elements" and says they were again "in bondage" to them.
In verse 10 he defines these practices as observances of "days and months and seasons and years." The argument begins at this point because some contend that these observances refer to Yah's holy days commanded in the Old Covenant. Indeed, YAHUAH established specific "days" (Passover, Days of Unleavened Bread, Pentecost, etc.), "months" (new moons, sacred calendar), "seasons" ("appointed times [seasons, KJV]"—Leviticus 23:4; see also Deuteronomy 16:16;


text:
During Drosophila gastrulation, the ventral mesodermal cells constrict their apices, undergo a series of coordinated cell-shape changes to form a ventral furrow (VF) and are subsequently internalized. Although it has been well documented that apical constriction is necessary for VF formation, the mechanism by which apical constriction transmits forces throughout the bulk tissue of the cell remains poorly understood. In this work, we develop a computational vertex model to investigate the role of the passive mechanical properties of the cellular blastoderm during gastrulation. We introduce to our knowledge novel data that confirm that the volume of apically constricting cells is conserved throughout the entire course of invagination. We show that maintenance of this constant volume is sufficient to generate invagination as a passive response to apical constriction when it is combined with region-specific elasticities in the membranes surrounding individual cells. We find that the specific sequence of cell-shape changes during VF formation is critically controlled by the stiffness of the lateral and basal membrane surfaces. In particular, our model demonstrates that a transition in basal rigidity is sufficient to drive VF formation along the same sequence of cell-shape change that we observed in the actual embryo, with no active force generation required other than apical constriction.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
In September 1854, the Parsonsfield Seminary, located in Parsonsfield, Maine, burned down. This school had been organized in 1832 and was affiliated with the Freewill Baptists. A number of men who would later be connected with Bates College were associated with Parsonsfield, including Hosea Quinby, John Fullonton, and Oren B. Cheney.
When Oren B. Cheney heard about the fire at Parsonsfield, he vowed to build another educational institution in Maine to replace Parsonsfield. By January 1855, petitions were being sent to the State of Maine urging the government "to incorporate a Literary Insitution under the name of 'The Maine State Seminary,' and suitably endow the same."
The Maine State Seminary, the institution that would become Bates College, was incoporated that same year, 1855. The Seminary welcomed its first class '84 men and 53 women' in September 1857. Although affiliated with the Freewill Baptists, the seminary was not limited to persons of any single religious denomination.
In 1863, the institution was re-incorporated as Bates College, and the Seminary became a department of the new College.
The Maine State Seminary Records includes handwritten materials relating to the founding of the Maine State Seminary, later called Bates College. The collection includes petitions signed by citizens of 14 towns requesting the State incorporate and endow the Maine State Seminary (Jan-Feb 1855); the 1856 bond giving title for the land where Bates College was built, signed by Amnie Nash and Alonzo Garcelon; bills and correspondence concerning the construction of Hathorn and Parker halls (1856-57); Maine State Seminary faculty meeting minutes (_PHONE_); a grade book covering the period _PHONE_; a registry book containing lists of graduates and recipients of various honors and awards; and correspondence (_PHONE_) of the building committee concerning the construction of Hathorn Hall, of which the first cornerstone was laid on June 26, 1856. Correspondents in the latter file include G.S.H. Bryant, William H. Littlefield, Frances Lyford, and William P. Frye.
The records are arranged into two series, then alphabetically by folder title. The series are: I. Catalogs; II. Administrative records. This arrangement also includes two oversize volumes (Series I) stored in their own boxes.
The collection is open for research.
The collection is the physical property of Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library. Bates College holds literary rights only for material created by College personnel working on official behalf of the College, or for material which was given to the College with such rights specifically assigned. For all other material, literary rights, including copyright, belong to the authors or their legal heirs and assigns. Researchers are responsible for obtaining permission from rights holders for publication or other purposes that exceed fair use.
Seminary Advocate (newspaper), Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College
CA 02.01, Office of the President, general records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College, _URL_
CA 02.03, Office of the President, Oren B. Cheney records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College, _URL_
CA 02.04, Office of the President, George C. Chase records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College, _URL_
CA 02.80, Cobb Divinity School records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College, _URL_
CA 02.81, Nichols Latin School records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives & Special Collections Library, Bates College, _URL_
These records are indexed under the following headings in the Bates College Library catalog. Researchers wishing to find related materials should search the catalog under these index terms.
Bates College (Lewiston, Me.)--History
Free Will Baptists (1780?-1911)--Archival resources
Maine State Seminary (Lewiston, Me.)--Archival resources
Maine State Seminary (Lewiston, Me.)--History
Accession No.: xx-061.
Maine State Seminary records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library, Bates College.
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Page author: Jim Hart
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Chegg Guided Solutions for Chemistry The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 6th Edition: Chapter 16
Chapter: Problem:
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 - Step 1 of 1
 Plan: Add the two equations, canceling substances that appear on both sides of the arrow. The rate law for each step follows the format of rate = k[reactants]. An initial reactant that appears as a product in a subsequent step is a catalyst; a product that appears as a reactant in a subsequent step is an intermediate (produced in one step and consumed in a subsequent step).
 a) Add the two equations:
 Rate laws:
 Step 1 Rate1 = k1[X][O3]
 Step 2 Rate2 = k2[XO][O]
 b) X acts as a catalyst; it is a reactant in step 1 and a product in step 2. XO acts as an intermediate; it was produced in step 1 and consumed in step 2.
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Families close ranks to support Morningside School and staff
PORT ST. LUCIE - At Morningside Elementary, parents consider themselves part of a family.
To most people outside the school family, however, it's the place where a 5-year-old autistic boy was voted out of his kindergarten class a year ago.
Within hours after news of Alex Barton being voted out of his classroom 14-to-2, the school's phones and e-mail system were jammed with angry people from all over the world. The school's Web site was taken down and still is offline.
Morningside parents couldn't get through in some instances. Some teachers got threatening e-mails.
Parent Shanna Cetin said she answered the phones in the office after news broke about the incident.
"I was in tears. My child had to sit in that school, and I was scared," Cetin said.
Parents said their school has been unfairly and unjustly tarnished over the past year.
They're tired of their children hearing comments when they tell strangers where they attend school.
"We love our school. We love our teachers," Cetin said.
What makes the school great is the teachers who know all the children, not just the ones in their classes, parents said.
It's the teachers who call parents during lunch on the first day of school just to tell them their child is having a good day.
It's the fall festivals, where teachers man tables to raise money for classroom supplies, and the Saturdays when teachers volunteer to help children prepare for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test or chaperone a St. Augustine trip.
About 20 parents stood alongside the road earlier this month holding signs to support their teachers.
"We just want to say some nice, positive things about Morningside," said parent Patti Putko. "The school has had too much negativity. We want to end the school year on a positive note."
The demonstration was during teacher appreciation week. Teachers watched from the school campus until the end of the workday, then walked across the street to stand with the parents.
They had a group hug in the middle of the road and teacher Eric Graff thanked the parents for coming out.
Morningside faculty and administrators still aren't allowed to talk about the Alex Barton vote because of pending legal action.
But during teacher Wendy Portillo's administrative hearing in March over her suspension for polling the class, staff members told a judge how the case affected their school.
"We've taken a hit, a lot of us personally and professionally," Graff testified. "But we're still going. We're still a very good school."
Assistant Principal Patricia Gascoigne also testified about the impact the vote and its attention has had on the school.
"It's not really been good because we've been a little put off, you would say, because it's not a customary thing that happens at Morningside," she testified. "It's more or less we're trying to get through it."
Parents said teachers try not to let their feelings affect their students.
"Under the circumstances, I think the kids are faring pretty well," said grandparent Wayne Schopp.
There is one positive result of the vote from a year ago, said parent Tonia Oravec.
"It has brought the school closer together," she said.


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Does your SharePoint company site use maps to identify office locations? You can add a geolocation column for a map view in contact lists and libraries. This short video will walk you through a few of the primary steps to setting up map views.
Find out how to:
- Build geolocation fieldtype
- Add a column
- Specify locations
- Find and select latitude/longitude in Bing maps
- Create different views
For more a better way to learn SharePoint tasks, take a few moments to see how inline, in-context, and on-demand help and performance support make a SharePoint deployment so much easier to navigate and use. Get a free 1 hour video demo to watch anytime.


text:
Charles the Bald - Charles the Bald (13 June 823 – 6 October 877), Holy Roman Emperor (875–877, as Charles II) and King of West Francia (840–877, as Charles II, with the borders of his land defined by the Treaty of Verdun, 843), was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.
March 28, 845: Paris captured by the Vikings. Led by Ragnar Lodbrok of legend, 120 Viking ships beseiged and captured the city. After Charles the Bald paid a Danegeld of 700 pounds of silver, they left without burning the city, then went on to attack other parts of France.
Charles the Bald King of France 823 - 877, son of Louis the Pious and Judith of Bavaria.Married to Emmentrude of Orleans. Father of Judith of Flanders and Louis II The Stammerer. _____________________________37th GGF


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This article will walk you through how you can set up an easy to use form data collector script for your google spreadsheet, to be able to submit user-inputted data from your content.
First thing first you will need to create and set up your spreadsheet.
Now that your spreadsheet is created and you set up your different columns, we can add the insertion script.
From the top toolbar select the tools option and open the script editor.
You will see the following interface:
You need to replace all the predefined code with the following:
function doGet(event) {
const params = event.parameter;
const spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
const sheet = spreadsheet.getSheetByName(params.sheet);
return HtmlService.createHtmlOutput('Success');
After you inserted the script and named your project you can publish it as a webapp which we will be able to call later from a content.
Select deploy and choose the new deployment option.
Choose the Web app type for your deployment.
Configure your Web app like in the example below.
You can name your app anything that suits your project but you have to choose the executes as option to be Me and the Who has access to be Anyone.
These options will ensure we can submit data from the content without having to sign into a google account.
Click Deploy and Authorize access for the script.
When you presented with the following window click on Show Advanced and select Go to XY project (unsafe).
Google gives you this alert because the app we created in the previous steps has not been verified by them, and they think it can be a threat to your account.
Now sign in to your account and allow access to the app.
When your app is successfully deployed, you can copy the URL of it, we will use this in our next steps.
Now you can test the script.
Open the URL you just copied in the previous step in your browser, but extend it with the following query parameters:
You can change this to fit your setup.
sheet=Sheet1 (The name of the sheet you want to input the values to).
values=1,2,3 (The values you want to input into the different columns separated by a comma, you can skip columns like this: 1,,3)
We are done with the setup of the spreadsheet, now we need to create a content that can use the webapp we made.
You can use any kind of interactive elements to collect data in your content, for this example, we will use a mix of input, radio-button, and checkbox elements.
To make later steps easier after you added your interactive elements name them according to what data they represent.
Configuring the different types of elements,
You will only need to fill out the Event name property of the element.
Radio buttons:
You need to use Radio buttons grouped, all the different elements will represent the same variable but with their own different values.
For checkboxes, you can set the checked and unchecked values.
When you have all your interactive elements set up, the next step is to create a button that will collect the values and submit them to our spreadsheet Web app.
You can use almost any element as your button, it can be a text element or an image anything that has the touch events functionality.
Once you have your button set up, we need to create some touch events. Open the editor with the edit touch events button in the widget properties on the other tab.
Once you are in the popup click the Add new button to add a new action.
Set the action type to be Call API instead of the default Jump to.
The API URL should be the Web apps URL.
Now we need to collect the values of the interactive elements.
You can do this by adding sent fields to your action.
When adding these values make sure you add the Widget's value type.
The left side of the value is where you can select which element's value from which page you want to use, and the right side sets what's it's going to be called when referencing the value.
When all your parameters are added you will need to append them into the URL as query parameters.
The setup is the same as we were testing the webapp, but instead of setting static values you can reference the previously configured sent field values.
You can reference sent field values with their names between curly brackets like: {sentFieldValueOne}.
So your query param should look like: values={sentFieldValueOne},{sentFieldValueTwo},{sentFieldValueThree}
Make sure you don't use any white spaces in your URL.
Your URL should look like this in the end: values={sentFieldValueOne},{sentFieldValueTwo},{sentFieldValueThree}
Lastly set the Special property of the action to be GET, since this is the HTTP method we need to use.
Your overall setup should look like this:
The data submitting part of the content won't work when previewing the content because of security reasons.
You can find a workaround for this here.
Extra custom parameters you can add to your submitted data
Add a new sent field value and choose the Call function type.
Replace the default script with one of the following to get different time formats as your timestamp value:
UTC time string:
(receivedValue) => {
return new Date().toUTCString();
UNIX timestamp:
(receivedValue) => {


Seven Hanging Valleys Circular
The Seven Hanging Valleys Trail is a waymarked walk which follows the high cliffs between Praia Marinha and Praia Vale de Centeanes. This circular route is for those who want to tackle the often challenging 5.7km trail to Praia Vale de Centeanes but would prefer a less demanding return to Praia Marinha (the promoted route is linear). If clear turquoise waters, crashing waves and unspoilt beaches are not your 'thing' then focus instead on the many fascinating geological features along the route, including caves, arches and stacks. Stare down into the numerous (and fenced) sinkholes and listen to the sound of the ocean far below.
There are illustrated information boards along the way explaining how erosion has moulded this limestone landscape, as well as information about local flora and fauna. Walk highlights include Benagil, a beach which is consistently voted among the most beautiful in Europe; and the Farol de Alfanzina (a 23-metre lighthouse built in 1920 and still in operation today).
Portugal - South Portugal - Central Algarve - Lagoa
Birds, Cafe, Flowers, Great Views, Restaurant, Sea, Toilets, Wildlife


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The mortality in the ICU for pediatric HSCT recipients remains high. Early pulmonary complications continue to be an obstacle to the survival. We hypothesize OI is a predictor for mortality in critically ill pediatric HSCT recipients. Retrospective review of pediatric HSCT recipients between 2002 and 2010 who required intensive care during the same hospital admission as their transplant. Twenty-eight patients accounted for 31 ICU admissions. Twenty-six (84%) admissions required mechanical ventilation. Ten (38%) mechanically ventilated admissions were placed on HFOV. Mortality of those mechanically ventilated was 70%. An OI ≥ 20 at any point during ventilation was associated with 94% mortality, while an OI ≥ 25 had 100% mortality. There was a significant association between maximum OI at any point during mechanical ventilation and ICU mortality, with the odds of dying increasing by 13% for each unit increase of max OI (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01-1.26, p = 0.03). An OI of 20 had a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.83 for predicting mortality. OI has a strong association with ICU mortality among pediatric stem cell recipients.
- hematopoietic stem cell transplant
- intensive care
- oxygenation index
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health


What's This Research About?
The scientific field of exercise science has extensively examined the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition and decision making, but far fewer studies have been conducted looking at the effects of yoga on the brain. This is the first study to investigate the anatomical and functional brain differences between yoga practitioners and a control group based on a working memory test.
Previous research suggests that regularly practicing yoga improves memory. Thus, the scientists hypothesized that the brain region involved in memory, the hippocampus, would be larger in yoga practitioners than the control group.
About The Author
Brittany Fair
TITLE: Differences in Brain Structure and Function Among Yoga Practitioners and Controls
PUBLICATION: Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
DATE: June 2018
AUTHORS : Gothe NP, Hayes JM, Temali C and Damoiseaux J
Anatomical MRI: This imaging technique is used to measure the shape and volume of different brain regions.
Functional MRI: This is a method that allows researchers to measure brain activity associated with changes in blood flow to different brain regions during a task. It is thought that blood flow to a region is increased when that region of the brain is in use.
Hippocampus: A pair of small, seahorse shaped regions located deep within the brain. The hippocampus plays a role in the formation of memories as well as learning and emotions.
Prefrontal cortex: A region of the brain involved in decision making, complex behavior and encoding memories.
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Variational optimal control technique for the tracking of deformable objects Nicolas Papadakis and Etienne M'emin IRISA/INRIA Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex, France npapadak,[email protected]
quite sensitive to noise [13] and exhibit inherent temporal
In this paper, a new framework for the tracking of closed
instabilities. Besides, it is difficult in such techniques to
curves is described. The proposed approach formalized
require the curve to obey to a specified dynamics and therethrough an optimal control technique, enables a continuous
fore to proceed to a real tracking.
tracking along an image sequence of a deformable curve.
In [22], an approach based on a group action mean shape
The associated minimization process consists in a forward
has been used in a moving average context. Contrary to preintegration of a dynamical model followed by a backward
vious methods, this approach introduces, through the movintegration of an adjoint dynamics. This latter pde includes
ing average technique, a kind of tracking process. This
a term related to the discrepancy between the state varitracking is restricted to simple motions and does not alables evolution law and discrete noisy measurements of the
low to introduce complex dynamical law defined through
system. The closed curves are represented through an imdifferential operators. The explicit introduction of a dyplicit surface.
namic law in the curve evolution law has been considered in [15]. However, the proposed technique needs a complex
1. Introduction
detection mechanism to cope with occlusions. Few works
Tracking the contours of an object is an essential task in
attempted to mix stochastic filtering and a level set repremany applications of computer vision. Due to the changsentation for curve tracking [7, 20]. As mentioned earlier,
ing shape of deformable or even rigid objects in image sethese works have to face a high dimensional sampling probquences such an issue appears to be very challenging in
lem and as a consequence rely on crude discretization of
the general case. Another serious difficulty comes from
the non linear curve dynamics which may be problematic in
the dimension of the space of closed curves in the general
some situations. In this paper, we propose a technique recase (infinite in theory). This context makes difficult the
lated to the optimal control theory [9, 11] for the tracking of
use of recursive Bayesian filters such as the particle filter
closed curves. This technique enables to estimate in batch
[3], since stochastic sampling in large state spaces is usumode the complete trajectory of the level set surface accordally completely inefficient. For such an issue, numerous
ing to a set of noisy measurements and a specified dynamapproaches based on the level set representation have been
ics. This method has the advantage to authorizes naturally
proposed [5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21]. All these techniques
to cope with state spaces of high dimension.
describe the tracking as successive 2D segmentation pro-
2. Variational tracking
cesses sometimes enriched with a motion based propagation step. Segmentation techniques on spatio-temporal data have
In this section, we describe the general principles of the
also been proposed [1, 6]. Unless the introduction of knowltechnique proposed. This setup relies on control theory
edge on the shape of interest [10, 18], these approaches are
recipes [11, 9]. 1
Direct evolution model The state variable representing the feature of interest X, is assumed to live in a functional space W(t0, tf ) = {X|X ∈ L2 (t0, tf ; V), ∂t X ∈ L2 (t0, tf ; V)}, where V is an Hilbert space identified to its dual space. The evolution in time range [t0 ; tf ] of the state is described through a (non linear) differential operator M : V×]t0, tf [→ V, defined up to a control function ν ∈ W(t0, tf ), and an initial value defined up to another control variable η ∈ V: (
∂t X(t) + M(X(t), t) = ν(t)
∀t ∈]t0, tf [,
X(t0 ) = X0 + η.
Differential model In order to compute partial derivative of the cost function with respect to the control variables, system (1) is first differentiated with respect to (ν, η) in ∂X the direction (δν, δη). Noting dX = ∂X ∂ν δν + ∂η δη ∈ W(t0, tf ), we obtain the following problem: ˛˛ ˛˛ Given (ν, η)∈(W, V), X(t) solution of (1) ˛˛ ˛˛ ˛˛ ˛˛ and a perturbation (δν, δη)∈(W × V), ˛˛ ˛˛ ˛˛ dX = ∂X δν + ∂X δη ∈ W(t, t ), is defined such that: 0 f ˛˛ ∂ν ∂η ˛˛ ˛˛ ( ˛˛ ∂t dX(t) + (∂X M)dX(t) = δν(t) ∀t ∈]t0, tf [, ˛˛ ˛˛ ˛˛ dX(t0 ) = δη. (3)
We are facing an imperfect dynamical system which depends on the whole trajectory of the control variables, ν(t),
In this expression, the tangent linear operator ∂X M is defined as the Gˆateaux derivative of the operator M at point X:
and on the value of a control variable, η, modeling the uncertainty on the initial condition. This direct problem (1) will be assumed to be well
(∂X M)dX(t) = lim
posed, which means that we first assume that the application V × V → V : ν(t), η 7→ X(ν(t), η, t) is differentiable
M(X(t) + βdX(t)) − M(X(t)). β
The tangent linear operator (∂X H) associated to H may be defined similarly. The differentiation of cost function (2) with respect to (ν, η) in the direction (δν, δη) reads:
and continuous ∀t ∈]t0, tf [ and secondly that given η ∈ V, ν ∈ W(t0, tf ) and tf > t0, there exists a unique function X ∈ W(t0, tf ) solution of problem (1). Let us also assume that some observations Y ∈ O of the state variable components are available. These observations may live in a different space (a reduced space for instance) from the state
variable. We will nevertheless assume that there exists a (non linear) observation operator H : V → O, that goes from the variable space to the observation space.
∂J, δη ∂η
fl Z tffi ∂X =− δη dt Y − H(X), (∂X H) ∂η t0 V R
+ hX(t0 ) − X0, δηiB fl Z tffi ∂J ∂X Y − H(X), (∂X H), δν =− δν(t) dt ∂ν ∂ν t0 W R Z tf + h∂t X(t) + M(X(t)), δν(t)iQ dt. fl
Cost function We aim in that work at estimating the control variable of lower magnitude that minimizes a discrepancy measure between the state variable and the observations. This is expressed by the minimization of a cost function J : W × V → R defined as: J(ν, η) =
1 2
1 + 2
tf t0 tf
||Y − H(X(ν(t), η, t))||2R dt +
1 ||η||2B 2
These expressions can be rewritten as: fl Z tffi ∂X (∂X H)∗ R−1 (Y − H(X)), =− δη dt ∂η t0 V V ˙ −1 ¸ + B (X(t0 ) − X0 ), δη V. fi fl fl Z tffi ∂J ∂X, δν =− δν(t) dt (∂X H)∗ R−1 (Y −H(X)), ∂ν ∂ν t0 W V Z tf ˙ −1 ¸ + Q (∂t X(t)+M(X(t)), δν(t) V dt, fi
||ν(t)||2Q dt.
∂J, δη ∂η
Norms || · ||R, || · ||B and || · ||Q are induced associated to
the scalar products R−1 ·, · O, B −1 ·, · V and Q−1 ·, · V,
where (∂X H)∗, the adjoint operator of (∂X H), is defined by the scalar product:
where R, B and Q are symmetric positive defined endomorphisms of V. In our application, R, B and Q are respec-
∀X ∈ V, ∀Y ∈ O h(


text:
About the Australian Student Christian Movement
The Australian Student Christian Movement (ASCM) is an ecumenical movement of tertiary students, university faculty and senior friends with a history in Australia dating back over a hundred years. It is an affiliate movement of the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF), an international federation of over 100 national movements spanning six WSCF regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North America.
In 2004 the General Assembly of WSCF affirmed the following statement as the guiding vision of the federation:
The WSCF is a global community of Student Christian Movements committed to dialogue, ecumenism, social justice and peace. Its mission is to "empower students in critical thinking and constructive transformation of our world by being a space for prayer and celebration, theological reflection, study and analysis of social and cultural processes and solidarity and action across boundaries of culture, gender and ethnicity."


text:
"unity" Czech translation
And what he stood for was unity, the unity of the family.
The first is that the most important political value for the Chinese is unity, is the maintenance of Chinese civilization.
His basic message was unity too, the interconnectedness of it all, the unity of it all, and his basic value was respect, was kindness
Synonyms (English) for "unity":
Usage examples for "unity" in Czech
unissued · unit · unitarian · unitary · unite · united · unities · uniting · unitize · units · unity · univalent · univalve · universal · universalism · universalist · universalistic · universality · universalize · universally · universe
Search for more words in the English-Norwegian dictionary.


System Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems
ProcedureHow to Extract an Audio Track on a CD
Use the following procedure to extract an audio track from a CD and copy the audio track to a new CD.
If you don't use the cdrw -T option to specify the audio file type, the cdrw command uses the filename extension to determine the audio file type. For example, the cdrw command detects that this file is a.wav file.
$ cdrw -x 1 testme.wav
 1. Insert an audio CD into the CD-RW drive.
 2. Extract an audio track.
 $ cdrw -x -T audio-type 1 audio-file
 Extracts audio data from an audio CD.
 T audio-type
 Identifies the type of audio file to be extracted. Supported audio types are sun, wav, cda, or aur.
 Identifies the audio track to be extracted.
 3. Copy the track to a new CD.
 $ cdrw -a audio-file
Example 4–3 Extracting and Creating Audio CDs
The following example shows how to extract the first track from an audio CD and name the file song1.wav.
$ cdrw -x -T wav 1 song1.wav
Extracting audio from track 1...done.
This example shows how to copy a track to an audio CD.
$ cdrw -a song1.wav
Initializing device...done.
Writing track 1...done.
Finalizing (Can take several minutes)...done.


text:
While deep neural networks have become the go-to approach in computer vision, the vast majority of these models fail to properly capture the uncertainty inherent in their predictions. Estimating this predictive uncertainty can be crucial, for example in automotive applications. In Bayesian deep learning, predictive uncertainty is commonly decomposed into the distinct types of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. The former can be estimated by letting a neural network output the parameters of a certain probability distribution. Epistemic uncertainty estimation is a more challenging problem, and while different scalable methods recently have emerged, no extensive comparison has been performed in a real-world setting. We therefore accept this task and propose a comprehensive evaluation framework for scalable epistemic uncertainty estimation methods in deep learning. Our proposed framework is specifically designed to test the robustness required in real-world computer vision applications. We also apply this framework to provide the first properly extensive and conclusive comparison of the two current state-of-the-art scalable methods: ensembling and MC-dropout. Our comparison demonstrates that ensembling consistently provides more reliable and practically useful uncertainty estimates. Code is available at _URL_
updated: Tue Apr 07 2020 12:49:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)
published: Tue Jun 04 2019 17:54:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)


text:
The history of Lodgepole has been closely associated with railroad development and overland travel in western Nebraska. It was originally established as a station when the Union Pacific Railroad was completed to this point in 1867. A company of U.S. soldiers from nearby Sidney Barracks camped here to guard the railroad against Indian attack, and during the early 1860's a Pony Express Station was located a few miles to the east.
Lodgepole derives its name from Lodgepole Creek where Indians reportedly secured timber for their tipi poles. Little permanent settlement occurred until the early 1880's, and the town was platted in 1884. By 1886 it had a population of about 200 people. Stock raising was an important early industry, and many of the state's pioneer ranches were located in the region.
This depot was constructed by the Union Pacific Railroad in 1887 on a site adjacent to the tracks. It replaced an earlier section house and was in use until 1968. In 1971 a gift from Mrs. Doris Bates Rowan in memory of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. B. J. Bates, made possible its preservation at this location, where it now serves as the Lodgepole Depot Museum.
Lodgepole Museum Board
Cheyenne County Historical Society
Nebraska State Historical Society
Lodgepole City Park, Lodgepole


text:
Umm al Quwain: Oldest Pearl in the World
The oldest pearl in the world is found in the United Arab Emirates, according to AOL news/Huffpost this morning:
French researchers are flashing their pearly whites after a historic discovery: what's believed to be the oldest pearl in the history of the human world.
Discovered in a grave, the Umm al Quwain pearl — named for the location in the United Arab Emirates where it was found — has been carbon-dated back to the 5500 B.C., during the Neolithic Period, which makes it more than 7,500 years old, Press Trust of India reports. Previously, the oldest known pearl was just over 5,000 years old.
According to Discovery News, the pearl is 0.07 inches in diameter and remains fully intact. Pearls buried with the deceased were typically either half-drilled for a man or fully drilled for a woman, though unpierced pearls were often placed on the deceased's upper lip.
The discovery provides insight into the origins of pearl oyster hunting, suggesting the practice began in Arabia and not in Japan, as researchers originally thought.
The Neolithic period, also known as the New Stone Age, was marked by the change in humans from hunter-gatherers to farmers. The recent discovery has proved that while dangerous, pearl oyster diving became an important part of society in ancient Arab cultures, according to Indian Express.
Discovery News notes that 101 Neolithic pearls have been unearthed from large pearl oysters over the years.
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The author of the article asks the question whether there is still space for codes in the form in which they were created in the nineteenth century. The conditions for the creation of codes have changed. Lawyers do not require codes in order to completely regulate a given field of social life. The occurrence of decodification is very strong. Lack of cooperation between legal science and the courts makes it difficult to create new codes. However, in the author's opinion, codes can still play an important and symbolic role. The most important function of codes is to create the axiological foundations of a given branch of law.


DATA steps to create and merge the parameter values, but I like visualizing the location of the estimates relative to the parameter values. Click on the image to enlarge it.
/* visualize sampling distribution of estimates; overlay parameter values */
data Param;
 Intercept = 2; x1 = -4; x2 = 1; /* parameter values */
data PE2;
 set PE Param(in=param); /* append parameter values */
 if param then Beta = "True Value"; /* add ID variable */
 else Beta = "Estimate ";
ods graphics / reset ATTRPRIORITY=none;
title "Parameter Estimates from Logistic Regression";
title2 "&NumSamples Simulated Data Sets, N = &N";
proc sgscatter data=PE2 datasymbols=(Circle StarFilled);
 matrix Intercept x1 x2 / group=Beta markerattrs=(size=11);
The scatter plot matrix shows pairwise views of the sampling distribution of the three regression coefficients. The graph shows the variability of these estimates in a logistic model with the specified design matrix. It also shows how the coefficients are correlated.
By using the techniques in this post, you can simulate data for other generalized or mixed regression models. You can use similar techniques simulate data from other kinds of multivariate models.
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Simulating data for a logistic regression model
In my book Simulating Data with SAS, I show how to use the SAS DATA step to simulate data from a logistic regression model. Recently there have been discussions on the SAS/IML Support Community about simulating logistic data by using the SAS/IML language. This article describes how to efficiently simulate logistic data in SAS/IML, and is based on the DATA step example in my book.
The SAS documentation for the LOGISTIC procedure includes a brief discussion of the mathematics of logistic regression. To simulate logistic data, you need to do the following:
 1. Assign the design matrix (X) of the explanatory variables. This step is done once. It establishes the values of the explanatory variables in the (simulated) study.
 2. Compute the linear predictor, η = X β, where β is a vector of parameters. The parameters are the "true values" of the regression coefficients.
 3. Transform the linear predictor by the logistic (inverse logit) function. The transformed values are in the range (0,1) and represent probabilities for each observation of the explanatory variables.
 4. Simulate a binary response vector from the Bernoulli distribution, where each 0/1 response is randomly generated according to the specified probabilities from Step 3.
Presumably you are simulating the data so that you can call PROC LOGISTIC and obtain parameter estimates and other statistics for the simulated data. So, optionally, Step 5 is to write the data to a SAS data set so that PROC LOGISTIC can read it. Here's a SAS/IML program that generates a single data set of 150 simulated observations:
/* Example from _Simulating Data with SAS_, p. 226--229 */
proc iml;
call randseed(1);
beta = {2, -4, 1};
/* 4. Simulate binary response. Notice that the
 "probability of success" is a vector (SAS/IML 12.1) */
call randgen(y, "Bernoulli", mu); /* simulate binary response */
/* 5. Write y and x1-x2 to data set*/
varNames = "y" || ("x1":"x2");
Out = X; Out[,1] = y; /* simulated response in 1st column */
create LogisticData from Out[c=varNames]; /* no data is written yet */
append from Out; /* output this sample */
close LogisticData;
The SAS/IML statements for simulating logistic data are concise. A few comments on the program:
 - The design matrix contains two continuous variables. In this simulation, one is uniformly distributed; the other is normally distributed. This was done for convenience. You could also read in a data set that defines the observed values of the explanatory variables. See the discussion and examples in Simulating Data with SAS, p. 201–205. (Notice also that I used the RANDFUN function in SAS/IML 12.3 to generate these variables.)
 - The linear model does not contain an error term, as would be the case for linear regression. Instead, the binary response is random because we called the RANDGEN subroutine to generate a Bernoulli random variable.
 - The parameter to the Bernoulli distribution is a vector of probabilities. This feature requires SAS/IML 12.1.
 - So that the program can be extended to support an arbitrary number of explanatory variables, I copy all of the numerical data into the Out matrix, which is a copy of the X matrix except that the intercept column is replaced by the simulated binary responses. This matrix is written to a SAS data set.
What do the simulated data look like? The following call to SGPLOT produces a scatter plot of the X1 and X2 variables, with "events" colored red and "non-events" colored blue:
proc sgplot data=LogisticData;
scatter x=x1 y=x2 / group=y markerattrs=(symbol=CircleFilled);
The graph shows that the probability of an event decreases as you move from X1=0 (where there are many red markers) to X1=1 (where there are few red markers). This makes sense because the model coefficient for X1 is negative. In contrast, the probability of an event increases as you move from negative values of X2 to positive values. This makes sense because the model coefficient for X2 is positive. In general, most events (red markers) are in the upper left portion of the graph, whereas most non-events (blue markers) are in the lower right portion.
For small samples, there is a lot of uncertainty in the parameter estimates for a logistic regression. In this example, 150 observations were generated so that you can run PROC LOGISTIC against the simulated data and see that the parameter estimates are close to the parameter values. The following statement uses the CLMPARM=WALD option to compute parameter estimates and confidence intervals for the parameters:
proc logistic data=LogisticData plots(only)=Effect;
 model y(Event='1') = x1 x2 / clparm=wald;
 ods select CLParmWald EffectPlot;
t_LogisticSim LogisticSim
Notice that the parameter estimates are somewhat close to the parameter values of (2, -4, 1). The 95% confidence intervals include the parameter values. (Re-run the program with N = 1000 or N = 10000 to see whether the estimates get closer to the parameters!) The graph shows the predicted probability of an event as a function of X1, conditioned on X2=0.1, which is the mean value of X2. You could request a similar plot for the predicted probability as a function of X2 (at the mean of X1) by using the option
 plots(only)=Effect(showobs X=(X1 X2));
This article shows how to generate a single sample of data that fits a logistic regression model. In my next blog post, I will show you how to generalize this program to efficiently simulate and analyze many samples.
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Creating ODS graphics from the SAS/IML language
As you develop a program in the SAS/IML language, it is often useful to create graphs to visualize intermediate results. I do this all the time in my preferred development environment, which is SAS/IML Studio. In SAS/IML Studio, you can write a single statement to create a scatter plot, bar chart, histogram, and other standard statistical graphics. (For an overview of IMLPlus graphics, see the documentation chapter "Creating Dynamically Linked Graphs." For a longer discussion of IMLPlus programming, see Chapter 7 of Statistical Programming with SAS/IML Software.)
If you are writing a SAS/IML program by using a programming environment such as the SAS Windowing environment or SAS Enterprise Guide, then the IMLPlus graphics are not available. However, recall that you can call SAS procedures from the SAS/IML language. In particular, you can generate ODS graphics without leaving PROC IML by using the SUBMIT and ENDSUBMIT statements to call the SGPLOT procedure.
To give an example, suppose that you recently read my blog post on the new RANDFUN function and you decide to try it out. You call the RANDFUN function to simulate 1,000 observations from a normal distribution with mean 10 and standard deviation 2. Because you have never used that function before, you might want to create a histogram of the simulated data to make sure that it appears to be correct. No problem: just use the CREATE statement to create a SAS data set from a SAS/IML matrix, then use the SUBMIT/ENDSUBMIT statements to call PROC SGPLOT:
proc iml;
call randseed(1);
x = randfun(1000, "Normal", 10, 2); /* X ~ N(10,2) */
/* graph the simulated data */
create Normal var {x}; append; close Normal; /* write data */
 proc sgplot data=Normal;
 histogram x; /* histogram */
 density x / type=normal(mu=10 sigma=2); /* overlay normal */
The graph overlays a normal density curve on a histogram of the data. The graph indicates that the data are normally distributed with the specified parameters.
This technique is very powerful:


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Definition of asci
n. pl. - See Ascus. 2
The word "asci" uses 4 letters: A C I S.
No direct anagrams for asci found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after asci (in bold), or to acis in any order:
b - basic d - acids asdic cadis caids e - saice h - chias l - laics salic m - micas n - cains p - aspic picas spica
List shorter words within asci, sorted by length
All words formed from asci by changing one letter
Browse words starting with asci by next letter


Question: What Happened To France After The Franco Prussian War?
What area did France have to give to Germany after the Franco Prussian War?
AlsaceAfter this war, France had to give Prussia some mainly German speaking regions previously under French control.
These were the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
Prussia took steps to unite the independent German states into one country, the German Empire.
The historical term for this is the Unification of Germany..
Could France have won the Franco Prussian War?
Why did France want revenge on Germany?
How much did France pay Germany after the Franco Prussian War?
After the Franco-Prussian War, France owed Germany an indemnity of 5 billion francs. Under the Treaty of Frankfurt, France agreed to pay this amount by 1 March 1875.
What political changes did the end of Franco Prussian War bring to France?
What political changes did the end of the Franco-Prussian War bring to France? The defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian war ended the Second French Empire, which gave way to the Third Republic.
Why did Prussia and Austria attack France?
July 25: Austria and Prussia threaten to invade France if any harm comes to the Royal Family. The warning, known as The Brunswick Manifesto, reaches Paris on July 28. July 29: Robespierre calls for the removal of the king. … He is captured by Prussian Army as it crosses the border into France.
Why did Britain declare war on Germany ww1?
Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. The declaration was a result of German refusal to remove troops from neutral Belgium. In 1839 the United Kingdom, France, and Prussia (the predecessor of the German Empire) had signed the Treaty of London which guaranteed Belgium's sovereignty.
Is Germany going to war with France?
Germany has declared war on France and Belgium today. This is their third war declaration this week, having already declared war on Russia and invaded Luxembourg. France has very limited defences along the Belgium border, making it vulnerable to attack on that front. …
Why did Bismarck want to isolate France?
Bismarck had defeated each of his enemies – Denmark, Austria, and France – in isolation. He realised that a powerful united Germany could not expect to fight another carefully insulated war. … France was bitter at her loss in the recent war and Britain did not wish to get involved in European affairs.
What ended the rivalry between France and Germany after the world wars?
What provoked the Franco Prussian War?
What did France lose in the Franco Prussian War?
Why did France hate Germany after ww1?
First World War The long-term French reaction to defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 was Revanchism: a deep sense of bitterness, hatred and demand for revenge against Germany, especially because of the loss of Alsace and Lorraine.
Why did Germany want Alsace Lorraine?
Is Germany still paying for ww2?


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In Jordan there is considerable interest in the development and production of nanotechnology; where many institutes were established such as: "Nanotechnology Research Center "at the Jordan University of Science and Technology / Irbid, and Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research at the University of Jordan in Amman, in addition to the Royal Scientific Society. There are also many different efforts in Jordanian universities in scientific research on nanotechnology. At least, 200 scientific publications were published in the field of nanotechnology.
Currently, no accurate statistical information is available on the number of industrial facilities that uses nano-materials in their industries due to the following: 1 - The recent development of nanomaterials is not well understood or recognized in statistical terms. 2 - Jordanian factories use imported raw materials in the form of nano-particles. 3 – The lack of sufficient awareness and development of nanomaterials. 4 - The raw materials containing ultrafine particles are more expensive than the usual raw materials.
1- A primary components for the manufacture of paints (calcium carbonate, kaolin, bentonite). The pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics. 2 - as a product of the mining industries such as: Jordanian phosphate. Cement. Roack and Stone quarries Marble and granite
Currently, there are no rules or legislation in Jordan dealing with nano-materials, but in principle these materials can be subjected under the laws and legislation for chemicals.
At this moment, poor activities and responsibilities regarding to the nanomaterials and nanotechnology issues been carried out by different local and national authorities such as Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Industry and trading, Jordan Institution for Standards and Metrology, research institues and universities. This is due to the lack of information and knowledge regarding nanomaterials manegment. However, these authorities will be more focused and active if this issue got a higher concern at the national level at recent time, these responsibilities can be summarized as bellow: - Establishing a database about nano-materials used, existing locally, imported as well as the users. - Control of products containing nano-particles, whether imported or locally produced. - Develop guidelines to deal safely with this technology. - Development of legislation for the use of these nano-materials in Jordan. - Disposal of waste resulting from dealing with this technology in environmentally safe ways.
Due to lack of experince and poor information about nanomaterials and nanotechnology, the situation for the non state sector is similar to the government sector as mentioned above., however, the expectation from this sector can be addressed as follows: - Educate citizens, especially workers in various sectors that use nanotechnology. - Contribute to the support and development of scientific research on nanotechnology
Some parties outside the government sector plays an important role in the management of nanomaterials such as: 1 - University of Jordan - Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research Was created at the University of Jordan in 1999 by a generous donation from the late Ali Mango. in the year 2009, the center starts to fund contribute to the scientific research in nano fields. - The College of Science at the University of Jordan is one of the important research centers in the Kingdom and especially in the field of nanotechnology, this is due to availability of human resources as well as the scientific instruments, such as: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FEI), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), XRD, XRF and Xray single crystal. 2 - University of Science & Technology In 2009, the University of Science and Technology began the initial steps to establish a Nano-Technology Center in collaboration with the University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign U.S. This center will serve three main purposes: - Create a scientific base of research in the fields of nanotechnology - Establish joint programs in research, development and innovation - Establish cooperation with companies and industrial enterprises to produce and develop products for the local and global markets. 3- Atomic Energy Commission: Electron accelerator project (SESAME Synchrotron) was built in Allan, Salt where more than 80% of infrastructure and beam lines were completed. This device is used to diagnose the characteristics of optical, electronic and molecular structure of the nanomaterials used in various fields. In addition, the body is found in devices used to diagnose the constituent elements of nanomaterials.
Despite the limited material resources and logistics capabilities, researchers were able to use the techniques of Jordanians Nanotechnology in the following applications:1 - computer operations: registration of a patent relating to detailed designs for a new computer circuits critical technology uses carbon tubes nanometric "Carbon Nanotubes" within nanometric dimensions. The importance of this research in the manufacturing of robotic devices nanomedical for possible future use in the fields of medical and military 2 - Systems Biology: Record a research team Jordanian patents in the field of Nanotechnology and its applications in systems biology. Thanks to the invention group was able to produce micro-magnetic multiple items from the fly ash from the hearths, iron and steel plants have been used in the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in water sources and disposal of them, and characterized the results are promising in the fightagainst cancer.
Nano-particles waste in Jordan can be divided into two categories: - Natural sources, such as volcanoes, storms, desert sand - Artificial sources, such as cement plants, industrial and mining factories, Nano-particles waste can present in air, soil and water. - Waste present Air: Recently, monitoring of gaseous air pollutants and dust particle are in the micron size only, detection of nano-waste is not listed under any international or local standards for air quality. Ministry of Environment is currently monitoring air quality through three projects are distributed as follows: - Study the levels of gases in the area of Jordan (Al-Zarka)) to monitor plant emissions of heat-emitted from AlHussein electric Station and Alkhirbeh Alsamra. - There are five monitoring stations in industrial sites: 1 - Amman 2 - Balqa (Cement Fuheis) 3 - Alzarka (Alrusaifeh) 4 - Mafraq 5 - Tafila (Alrashadih). - There are three monitoring stations in the industrial cities: Karak, Amman and Irbid. - The Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority is currently monitoring all levels of toxic emissions - Waste present in the soil: There is no tests in Jordan to monitor the contamination of soil in the nano-scale level. The nano waste in the soil might be from the sediment that comes from the air or the irrigation, rainfall and floods - Waste present in the water: There is no standard specification for measuring nanomaterials in water. The Ministry of Environment in the collaboration with the Ministry of Water, is currently monitoring water quality in the Jordan in five sectors:: - Ground water, springs and artesian wells. - Floods and valleys of a flood. - Water Dams - Traditional water (domestic wastewater) by observing the 33 stations of which 22 are under the authority of water and 11 belonging to the private sector. - Industrial waste water:
Jordan still in the initial phases of dealing with nanotechnology, it requires time and infrastructure as well as technical and financial resources in order to achieve an advanced level in the world. Therefore it requires encouraging studies and research for measuring the severity of nanomaterials on human health and their impact on the environment different. There must be technical laws that enable all stakeholders to monitor nanomaterials and to ensure their compliance with the Jordanian standards. 1. There is no national umbrella to manage and coordinate national efforts in this area. 2. Jordan lacks legislation on safe management and handling of nanomaterials 3. lack of sufficient awareness of nanotechnology for the working staff in relevant government agencies (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Customs Department of Jordan, etc...) 4. lack of sufficient awareness and knowledge of workers in the private sector, whether factories or companies. 5. lack of a database of nano-materials with the relevant authorities to enable them to deal easily with this technique.
1. Establish a national umbrella to manage and coordinate national efforts in the field of nanotechnology 2. Amending legislation and laws in line with the development of nanotechnology. 3. Launching awareness workshops for technical staff operating in the relevant authorities (Standards and Metrology, founder of the Food and Drug Administration, the Customs Department of Jordan) 4. to set up proper rules that determine the technical specifications of nano-materials. 5. to establish real database on products containing nanoparticles. 6. Support national capacity to deal with nanotechnology.


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5.1 Double-Layer Tensegrities: Introduction
For most of the tensegrities discussed so far, the tensile members compose a single continuous spherical layer.1 Such structures are resilient, but are not very rigid and tend to vibrate too much for many practical applications. Also, it seems likely that large-frequency realizations of these structures, as can happen with geodesic domes, have little resistance to concentrated loads, so that it would be difficult to suspend substructures from the their roofs, and they might cave in excessively under an uneven load like snow.
These considerations are a strong motivation for the development of a space truss configuration for tensegrity structures. Such a configuration would be analogous to the space truss arrangements developed for the geodesic dome, like the Kaiser domes of Don Richter,2 or Fuller and Sadao's Expo '67 Dome,3 and serve the same purpose. Tensegrity space trusses are characterized by an outer and inner shell of tendons interconnected by a collection of struts and tendons. The result is a more rigid structure which is more resistant to concentrated loads.
Designs for tensegrity trusses have been developed in a planar context by several authors. The trusses described in this book, especially the geodesic one described in Section 5.3, are akin to those experimented with by Kenneth Snelson in the 1950's.4 Appendix A compares the truss of Section 5.3 with an example from Snelson's work and another similar approach from other authors.
In Section 5.2, a general approach to the design of tensegrity trusses is outlined. Then, in Sections 5.3 and 5.4, two examples are given of geometries which implement this approach. The second example demonstrates incidentally how icosahedral symmetries can be handled within the Cartesian framework.


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Not every shotgun or rifle uses a pump, right? Right. So what's that thingy (for lack of a better term for now) worked back and forth that's sort of like a pump when characters use fully automatic and semi-automatic rifles and shotguns?
That thingy is called a charging handle or cocking handle. They're worked manually to load the first round into the chamber when ammunition is initially inserted into the firearm. After the first shot, the firearm automatically reloads a fresh round. They're present on the following firearms (yes, some of these terms mean the same thing).
- Fully automatic rifles
- Submachine guns
- Machine guns
- Assault rifles
- Semi-automatic rifles
- Fully automatic shotguns
- Semi-automatic shotguns
There's no need to work the charging handle again if the character pauses during a shootout before the ammunition runs out.
Make sense? This is only a quick overview without getting into the nitty gritty. Leave any questions in the comments.
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The Writer's Guide to Weapons: A Practical Reference for Using Firearms and Knives in Fiction (Writer's Digest Books) comes with everything but the ammo. Pick up a print or digital copy from these fine retailers:


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Cost Accounting for Wilson Production
Can you help me get started with this assignment?
Part 2: The following information has been taken from the cost records of Wilson Production, Inc., for the past year:
Raw material used in production $326
Total manufacturing costs charged to production during the year (includes direct material, direct labor, and overhead equal to 60% of direct labor cost) 686
Cost of goods available for sale 826
Selling and Administrative expenses 25
Inventories Beginning Ending
Raw Material $75 $ 85
Work in Process 80 30
Finished Goods 90 110
Answer the following questions. Show your work
a. The cost of raw material purchased during the year was
b. Direct labor cost charged to production during the year was
Solution Preview
a. The cost of raw materials purchased during the year:
The problem states that $326 worth of raw materials were used in production, so we know that the total amount of raw materials purchased will be $326 plus or minus the change in raw materials inventory.
Since Raw Material Beginning Inventory was $75 and Ending Raw Material Inventory was $85, then we know that Raw Material Inventory increased by $10. This means that $10 worth of inventory was purchased but not used in production. Since $326 worth of inventory was used in production and $10 was bought but not used in production,...
Solution Summary
The solution fills in the blanks in the cost accounting of Wilson Production.


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This post is a follow-up to the Assembly Automation Tutorial for Inventor iLogic post where we added the fifty-some odd lines of iLogic code to our Inventor Assembly. Today's post will attempt to explain that code.
This post was supposed to be published yesterday, but I spent most of the day screwing around with a plugin that will eventually allow me to post Inventor iLogic code with the proper syntax highlighting that can be copy & pasted right from the webpage into your iLogic Code Editor without intermediate programs adding special characters that screw up the code. I'll be posting a bit more on that in the next post. Until that is up-and-running, I'll use images…
The first two lines of code (above) are creating variables. The Nut_Offset variable gets its value by reading the Nut_Offset parameter in the Hanger Bolt:1 part. The second variable, Overall_Size is reading two local parameters (Blue) and multiplying them against each other to get its value.
The next snippet of code (above) creates a new variable called Largest_Overall_Size, and has a static value that I created by dividing the largest possible width * the largest possible length. The line after that creates a variable based on a division of the Largest_Overall_Size. There are 8 sizes of hanger bolts, so the overall size was divided by 8.
The If – Then statement at the end of the above chunk catches an error where the user enters a number larger than the max size and returns the size to the max. This is there because the code that corrects oversized parts (the min/max code in the table part) has not yet run at this point, so that info cannot be pulled in at this point, and a static value was used. In the real world, I would likely have moved the code from the part to the top level, but decided not to for the tutorial. If anyone wants to know how to do it, let me know and I may do a post on it.
The Hole variable above sets the size of the holes in the bracket and leg at ¼". A small If – Then statement below the code block below changes the value to 5/16" if the hanger bolt is 4" or longer. The Clearance variable is where a shop standard hole clearance is added to the formula. Both values are sent to the parts in code below. This could be built upon to have the bolt hole change size depending on the type of wood to eliminate splitting.
The above block of code simply divides the model into eight units, and assigns one of the eight possible hanger bolt assemblies to the model based on its overall size. In the real world, you would likely have only a couple sizes of hanger bolts –or maybe cheap stapled in plastic corners for that matter. This exercise is not meant to provide you with a RTM solution, just the bits to cobble together your own.
The above code is the little snippet mentioned above that uses the final Hanger_Bolt_Length determined by the big block of code above, and if it is 4" or longer, changes the Hole variable to 5/16".
The first line of the code above makes sure the hanger bolt (in all cases were the bolt is long enough) is only into the leg the depth of its screw portion. To get a better idea how that is accomplished you need to refresh your memory as to the formula we used for the thread lengths on the hanger bolt.
All of the above lines of code send info to a parameter in a part. Some of the values are what we will enter into the form, and some are the final value of variables created earlier in the code.
With new values sent to the parts, the snippet of iLogic code above forces the parts to run their own rules (which in some cases changes the input).
The above code returns the corrected (if necessary) numbers outputted by the Min/Max rule to the actual dimensions section of the form so that the person entering the two can compare the two. If we get rid of the Adj_ prefix on all three, we can simply overwrite the user's input with the corrected values, and get rid of the adjusted section of the form…
But for this exercise, we will leave the adjusting version intact.
The first one updates the document (the Layout Part in this case) immediately after running the rule, and the second outputs the parameters to the model –where I am grabbing them at the assembly level to display true driven dimensions. The model should do both of these automatically, and indeed, mine is again doing so. I have since commented the snippets out and everything is working just peachy…..humpf. Use it if you need it.
And that's it for today's Inventor iLogic Tutorial. In the next installment I'll add the pixy dust that will allow automatic parts lists later. It would be a good time to modify the top so that it not only gives the number of boards needed and their respective sizes, but changes that amount and size information based on the overall size of the table. But I'll likely press on towards the drawings and go back later. It's a piece of cake to modify a model like that, and indeed it is part of the design process and should be a part of the learning experience. Only the most simplistic of designs can be 'seen' from beginning to end. Usually there is a good idea as to the path that needs to be taken, and adjustments are made along the way to match the realities encountered.
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