Sir Arthur Keith
Sir Arthur Keith, detail of a pencil drawing by William Rothenstein, 1928; in the National Portrait Gallery, LondonCourtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
Sir Arthur Keith, (born February 5, 1866Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland—died January 7, 1955, Downe, Kent, England), Scottish anatomist and physical anthropologist who specialized in the study of fossil humans and who reconstructed early hominin forms, notably fossils from Europe and North Africa and important skeletal groups from Mount Carmel (now in Israel).
A doctor of medicine, science, and law, Keith became a professor at the Royal College of Surgeons of England (1908), was professor of physiology at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (1918–23), and was rector of the University of Aberdeen (1930–33). His major works include The Antiquity of Man (1915), Concerning Man's Origin (1927), and A New Theory of Human Evolution (1948). In his writings on human evolution, Keith tended to emphasize the competitive factor and interpreted racial and national prejudice as inborn. He was knighted in 1921.


BEA Logo BEA MessageQ Release 5.0
 MessageQ Doc Home | LU6.2 Services for OpenVMS User's Guide | Previous Topic | Next Topic | Contents | Index
Introducing BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services
The BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services for OpenVMS product allows users to communicate with IBM application programs using Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC) over System Network Architecture (SNA) LU6.2 sessions. APPC/LU6.2 communications are connection-oriented and half-duplex. This means that before two partners can exchange messages, they must first establish a connection (connection-oriented), and that one partner is sending when the other is receiving (half-duplex).
This chapter includes the following topics:
Basic Terms and Concepts
This section provides general information about BEA MessageQ applications, APPC, the Port Server, and other application components.
The BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services Product
The BEA MessageQ system is a connectionless, stateless communications system. This means that a connection need not be established before programs can communicate with each other. It also means that communicating programs do not care what state their partner is in.
Using BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services is like using the postal mail system-you can send a letter to anyone whose address you know, whether or not the addressee is home and regardless of the addressee's desire to speak to you. Addressees can check their mailboxes at their convenience.
The BEA MessageQ system supports network-independent addressing and makes use of an application programming interface (API) common to all platforms that support the MessageQ system.
SNA LU6.2 Sessions
SNA is connection-oriented systems networking architecture. Connections are established between network-addressable units. Applications are interested in logical units (LUs) that are the "end users" of a network. The connection between LUs is an SNA session.
The LU that requests a session is called the primary logical unit or PLU. The LU that accepts the session is called the secondary logical unit or SLU. The capabilities of an LU are defined by the LU type. Only one type of LU supports APPC: LU type 6.2 (also known as LU6.2).
An LU6.2 session is the type of SNA connection used by APPC applications for communications with each other. The session is like the telephone connection received when you dial another number-if the other number does not answer, you cannot speak.
Without an SNA session, APPC conversations cannot take place. An LU is the software equivalent of a telephone-it has a specific address in the network, and other LUs have to know that address in order to establish sessions with it.
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC)
A program that wants to communicate with other programs must first establish a connection to each potential partner, and the communicating programs must be aware of each other's state (for example, ready to receive, ready to send, and shutting down). This requirement is similar to the requirements of the telephone system: before you can talk to someone, you must call someone up; the call recipient must answer the phone, and agree to listen to you; after you have finished speaking, the other party can speak to you; and so on.
BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services for OpenVMS applications use Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC) to establish connections to partners and communicate state information before initiating conversations. APPC is a connection-oriented, half-duplex, state-oriented communications system. It uses the following concepts:
BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services Application Components
Figure 1-1 shows the components of a typical BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services application.
Figure 1-1 BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Components
The components are:
SNA APPC/LU6.2 Fundamentals
The information that follows is a short summary of SNA APPC LU6.2 fundamentals. For more detailed information, refer to SNA Transaction Programmer's Reference Manual for LU Type 6.2.
Logical Unit Type 6.2 Overview
LU6.2 is a general-purpose architecture that enables IBM products to communicate with each other. The LU6.2 architecture defines a set of protocols. To communicate with each other, products must implement LU6.2 according to these protocols. There are two general implementations of LU6.2:
Transaction programs (TPs) are programs that can process a specific set of input data, trigger specific job executions, or produce specific output data. Distributed transactions within an SNA network communicate by exchanging information during a conversation, which is a temporary logical path established between two cooperating TPs. This path is treated as a shared resource between TPs.
IBM's architectural definition for LU6.2 provides a set of procedures called verbs that is used to design distributed transactions. CICS ISC implements the verb functions with EXEC CICS commands and OpenVMS TPs implement the verb functions with OpenVMS procedures.
The APPC verb set consists of function verbs that are implemented as BEA MessageQ messages. The logic of how these verbs are used (verb flow) is the same regardless of whether you are programming in an OpenVMS environment or an IBM environment. Refer to LU6.2 User Callback Services, for detailed information on User Callback Services and APPC verbs.
Inbound and Outbound Conversations
Conversation allocations may be initiated either by the OpenVMS TP (inbound) or by the IBM TP (outbound). Figure 1-2 illustrates a typical SNA conversation session. The LU6.2 type of SNA LUs can be configured as independent or dependent. The BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services for OpenVMS product uses dependent LUs.
Figure 1-2 SNA Session for Dependent LUs
Inbound allocation causes the gateway to transmit an INIT SELF to the IBM SSCP that builds a suggested BIND and passes it to the application subsystem (which may modify it). The application passes the BIND back to the gateway. If the gateway accepts the BIND, the session is established and the OpenVMS and IBM TPs are in a "session."
Outbound allocation causes the gateway to wait in the active-listening mode for the IBM TP to send a BIND followed by an ATTACH. If the gateway accepts this ATTACH, the session is established and the OpenVMS and IBM TPs are in a session. They are also in a state of conversation (also called "between brackets").
Contention for session resources occurs when both partners attempt to begin conversation simultaneously on the same session. The contention is resolved according to the polarity agreed upon when the session was established. The contention winner (first speaker) always receives the session resources, and the contention loser (bidder) always has to wait. The contention winner/loser is negotiated in the BIND.
Using the LU6.2 Port Server for Applications Connections
Exchanging information between the connectionless, stateless environment of the BEA MessageQ system and the connection-oriented, state-oriented environment of APPC (a task similar to that of connecting systems as different as the postal mail and the telephone) requires the services of an intermediary that understands both. The intermediary provided by BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services is the LU6.2 Port Server.
The LU6.2 Port Server understands how to:
In addition, the LU6.2 Port Server performs numerous "housekeeping" tasks (such as error recovery, automatic restart of communication links, and error and trace logging) that are desirable in distributed applications.
Refer to Configuring the LU6.2 Port Server, for more information on the LU6.2 Port Server.
The BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services product uses the Stream Output Facility for logging and tracing. This facility provides time stamps on both the logging and tracing output as well as dynamic tracing. See the BEA MessageQ Installation and Configuration Guide for OpenVMS for more information on dynamic tracing and the BEA MessageQ for OpenVMS Event Logger Utility.
Writing Your Own Port Server
When installed, the BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services software provides a typical LU6.2 Port Server that uses seven predefined messages to simplify setting and managing the application connections of the BEA MessageQ clients to remote partners.
However, if the standard LU6.2 Port Server programming interface does not meet the needs of an application, does not offer a function required by all client applications, or does not meet some other unusual requirements, a specialized Port Server may be developed using the LU6.2 User Callback Services.
The BEA MessageQ LU6.2 Services provide you with the option of writing your own Port Server using 21 BEA MessageQ messages that map to the APPC verb set.
Note: Refer to Configuring the LU6.2 Port Server, and Port Server Messages, for LU6.2 Port Server information. Refer to LU6.2 User Callback Services, for LU6.2 user callback information.


text:
Initially, I thought it was just a typo of iteration, as searching online for eteration yields no significant results.
But, then, I came across references that state that the term is coined by Crockford himself, in one of his talks.
Online, the only place where I could find an explanation is on his page, in The Factorial Tutorial, an article where, in Act 2, as a comment to a code sample, he states:
Act 2a: message iteration (eteration)
This seems to be part of a related pair of terms, as his next code sample, that performs recursion without using a stack, contains the other member of the pair:
Act 2b: message recursion (ecursion)
So, it seems that eteration and ecursion are terms invented and defined by Crockford himself to refer to message iteration and recursion in the context of the E Programming Language, designed on top of Java for developers who write distributed applications.
The fact that the language is called E is perhaps a reason to give its specific iteration and recursion flavors the chosen terminology (eteration and ecursion).
Eteration means to break a task into multiple turns so that on each
eteration, instead of going through a conventional loop, at the bottom
of the loop we call
setTimeOut, passing it a function which causes
us to do the next eteration. That means that the turns are going to be
short — the turn's only as long as one eteration – and we can do as
many eterations as we want and not lock up the event loop.
Check out the full talk in much better quality and accompanied by a full-text transcript here.
Also, for a reference on how such a technique might be implemented, consider the following scenario:
var feedbackDiv = document.getElementById("feedbackDiv");
feedbackDiv.innerHTML += "The Interface is Still Responsive!";
var currentNumber = 0;
var loopStepDelay = 30;
var numbersDiv = document.getElementById("numbersDiv");
numbersDiv.innerHTML = currentNumber++;
Try Me
There are two
divs, one displaying the indices of the ongoing eteration, the other appending the text The Interface is Still Responsive! on each Try Me button press. As you can see from the code, the eteration steps are scheduled by
setTimeout some time interval apart, allowing for user interaction to take place and be processed as well. Thus, the eteration steps will continue to run as the user clicks on the button and triggers the update of the second div, maintaining the page's responsiveness while doing real progress with the work it has to perform (in this case, simply displaying indices).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This report describes the typical weather at the Sørkjosen Airport (Nordreisa, Norway) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 2007 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable.
Nordreisa has a humid subarctic continental climate with cool summers and no dry season. The area within 25 mi of this station is covered by tundra (56%), oceans and seas (30%), forests (10%), and grasslands (3%).
Over the course of a year, the temperature typically varies from 13°F to 61°F and is rarely below 1°F or above 69°F.
The warm season lasts from June 15 to September 14 with an average daily high temperature above 53°F. The hottest day of the year is August 3, with an average high of 61°F and low of 50°F.
The cold season lasts from December 25 to March 4 with an average daily high temperature below 30°F. The coldest day of the year is February 14, with an average low of 13°F and high of 22°F.
The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 0:00 hours of daylight; the longest day is June 20 with 24:00 hours of daylight.
Due to its extreme latitude, Nordreisa experiences polar day (also known as the midnight Sun) during summer and polar night during winter. The precise start and end dates of polar day and night vary from year to year and depend on the precise location and elevation of the observer, and the local topography.
In summer, the Sun is continuously above the horizon for 68 days, from May 18 to July 25.
In winter, the Sun is continuously below the horizon for 49 days, from November 27 to January 15.
Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in this location during 2012, starting in the spring on March 25 and ending in the fall on October 28.
The median cloud cover ranges from 70% (partly cloudy) to 81% (mostly cloudy). The sky is cloudiest on July 18 and clearest on January 30. The clearer part of the year begins around December 8. The cloudier part of the year begins around April 1.
On January 30, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 22% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 22% of the time.
On July 18, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast, mostly cloudy, or partly cloudy 42% of the time, and clear or mostly clear 7% of the time.
The probability that precipitation will be observed at this location varies throughout the year. Precipitation is most likely around September 30, occurring in 57% of days. Precipitation is least likely around January 24, occurring in 34% of days.
Over the entire year, the most common forms of precipitation are light rain, light snow, moderate rain, and moderate snow.
Light rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 37% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around September 25, when it is observed during 31% of all days.
Light snow is the most severe precipitation observed during 20% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around March 24, when it is observed during 21% of all days.
Moderate rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 19% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around July 15, when it is observed during 17% of all days.
Moderate snow is the most severe precipitation observed during 15% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around February 24, when it is observed during 16% of all days.
During the warm season, which lasts from June 15 to September 14, there is a 48% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day. When precipitation does occur it is most often in the form of light rain (56% of days with precipitation have at worst light rain), moderate rain (30%), and drizzle (11%).
During the cold season, which lasts from December 25 to March 4, there is a 36% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day. When precipitation does occur it is most often in the form of light snow (44% of days with precipitation have at worst light snow), moderate snow (32%), light rain (12%), and moderate rain (7%).
The likelihood of snow falling is highest around March 24, occurring in 35% of days. The season in which it is relatively likely for snow to fall spans from October 13 to May 14.
During peak snow season, accumulation at this location on a given day is very likely. The chances of there being snow on the ground are highest around January 19, occurring 91% of the time. The season in which snow is relatively likely to be on the ground spans from November 4 to May 6.
The snow is typically at its deepest on April 1, with a median depth of 17.2"; the depth exceeds 29.5" only one year out of ten.
The relative humidity typically ranges from 50% (comfortable) to 91% (very humid) over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 38% (comfortable) and reaching as high as 95% (very humid).
The air is driest around April 16, at which time the relative humidity drops below 55% (mildly humid) three days out of four; it is most humid around August 4, exceeding 89% (very humid) three days out of four.
Dew point is often a better measure of how comfortable a person will find the weather than relative humidity because it more directly relates to whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid.
Over the course of a year, the dew point typically varies from 4°F (dry) to 51°F (very comfortable) and is rarely below -8°F (dry) or above 55°F (very comfortable).
Over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 0 mph to 23 mph (calm to fresh breeze), rarely exceeding 30 mph (strong breeze).
The highest average wind speed of 14 mph (moderate breeze) occurs around January 26, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 23 mph (fresh breeze).
The lowest average wind speed of 6 mph (light breeze) occurs around August 4, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 13 mph (moderate breeze).


Specialization in Christian Initiation
adult pointing to a bible passage while teaching a student
OFW Resources
Especialización en Iniciación Cristiana
Ver Pagina Aqui
This specialization program is 1st for people who are parish Directors of the RCIA and want to deepen and clarify their doubts about the different aspects of the process. 2nd it is for people who have finished their Basic Catechesis and want to specialize in the RCIA process. Upon completion of the program you will receive a certificate for completing the specialization.
Session 1: Conversion and Discernment
Exploring with Candidates their readiness to enter the process Marriage issues other impediments
Session 2: Forming an Initiation team
Sponsor coordinator, catechists (dismissal and extended catechesis), hospitality coordinator, liturgist (priest), liturgical musicians
Session 3: Supervising the formation process
Dismissal and extended catechesis (paragraph 75
Session 4: Celebrating the season of Lent
Rites of Election, Purification and Enlightenment
Session 5: Celebrating the Sacraments of Initiation and follow-up
Mystagogy-Eucharist and Penance


text:
Evaluation of Cervical Spine and Mandible Reproducibility of the CDR Mayo Mold and Civco Type-S Head and Neck Immobilization Systems
S Chungbin1*, (1) Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZSU-E-J-171 Sunday 3:00:00 PM - 6:00:00 PM Room: Exhibit Hall
Purpose: To evaluate the cervical spine (c-spine) and mandible reproducibility of the CDR Mayo Mold and Civco Type-S head and neck immobilization system using Mosaiq Setup Intelligence Curve Image Registration
Methods: Patients were immobilized with either the Mayo Mold or Civco Type-S head and neck immobilization systems. Using curve image registration tools in Mosaiq, the c-spine and mandible were outlined. For each lateral image, two separate image registrations were performed using an initial kV image as reference - 1) c-spine only 2) mandible only. To evaluate the relative difference between the c-spine and mandible position, the mandible image registration results were subtracted from the c-spine image registration results. To evaluate whether the initial difference between the planning CT and the first kV setup image is larger than subsequent daily imaging variations, the difference in the image registration of the DRR was compared to the variation in subsequent image registrations. The degree of neck flexion was determined by observing the amount of mismatch between the upper and lower cervical spine after the pitch correction.
Results: During the first weeks of treatment, there was minimal difference in the image registration results for both the c-spine and mandible individually, and in the relative difference between them. For neck flexion, the Mayo Mold system demonstrated 82.6% minimal difference and 3.8% significant difference between the alignment of upper and lower c spine, vs. 84% and 5.2% for the S frame. For some patients, there is a greater difference between the DRR and the initial kV image registration than the variation in registrations for subsequent daily imaging.
Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate minimal difference in the c-spine and mandible reproducibility between the two immobilization systems during the first weeks of treatment. Further analysis of whether this minimal difference remains consistent throughout the entire course and treatment and with greater number of patients is needed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds offers an eye-opening look into how the characteristics of the physical world drive the designs of animals and plants. These characteristics impose limits but also create remarkable and subtle opportunities for the functional biology of organisms. In particular, Steven Vogel examines the size and scale, and trade-offs among different physical processes. He pays attention to how the forms and activities of animals and plants reflect the materials available to nature, and he explores the unique constraints and possibilities provided by fluid flow, structural design, and environmental forces.
Each chapter of the book investigates a facet of the physical world, including the drag on small projectiles; the importance of diffusion and convection; the size-dependence of acceleration; the storage, conduction, and dissipation of heat; the relationship among pressure, flow, and choice in biological pumps; and how elongate structures tune their relative twistiness and bendiness. Vogel considers design-determining factors all too commonly ignored, and builds a bridge between the world described by physics books and the reality experienced by all creatures. Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds contains a wealth of accessible information related to functional biology, and requires little more than a basic background in secondary-school science and mathematics.
Drawing examples from creatures of land, air, and water, the book demonstrates the many uses of biological diversity and how physical forces impact biological organisms.
"If what you desire in a readable science book is food for thought, Glimpses of Creatures in their Physical Worlds provides a feast. Biologists, engineers, and physicists--indeed, anyone with curiosity about the natural world--will revel in this smorgasbord of biomechanical ideas."--Mark Denny, American Scientist
"Such a book could be written only by someone with a rich knowledge of biomechanics, and Vogel, an emeritus professor of biology at Duke University, fits the bill. Considered one of the founders of the biomechanics community in the US, his distinguished research career has focused on organism-fluid interactions and such diverse topics as the behavior of leaves in the wind, passive ventilation of prairie-dog burrows, and airflow through the branching antennae of some moths. His breadth of knowledge is clearly reflected in the examples presented and the creative thought embodied in Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds. Vogel uses the same approachable, entertaining writing style.... [T]his book is sure to serve as an inspiring entry into the field of biomechanics."--Stacey Combes, Physics Today
"It is a fine book and emphasizes important relationships too often neglected."--Choice
"As ever, Vogel is inspiring and his insights are remarkable."--Henry Bennet-Clark, BioScience
"This charismatic book is a fascinating read and Vogel is exceptionally good at presenting the material so that it is accessible to a general audience. The book presents new conceptions, data, and interpretations, but its most impressive aspect is the wide range of diverse examples collected in one place, displaying a lifetime's worth of accumulated knowledge and wisdom."--Amy S. Johnson, Bowdoin College
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Two Ways to Move Material 1
Chapter Two: The Bioballistics of Small Projectiles 18
Chapter Three: Getting Up to Speed 39
Chapter Four: Moving Heat Around 58
Chapter Five: Maintaining Temperature 80
Chapter Six: Gravity and Life in the Air 95
Chapter Seven: Gravity and Life on the Ground 116
Chapter Eight: Gravity and Life in Water 141
Chapter Nine: Making and Maintaining Liquid Water 164
Chapter Ten: Pumping Fluids through Conduits 184
Chapter Eleven: To Twist or Bend When Stressed 209
Chapter Twelve: Keeping Up Upward and Down Downward 232
List of Symbols 259
References and Index of Citations 263
Other Princeton books authored or coauthored by Steven Vogel:


text:
Resolved, That the 79th General Convention directs the Executive Council to take the necessary steps to develop a mandatory training program with respect to alcohol and substance misuse and other forms of addiction (to be renewed at designated intervals) for all persons in the process of formation for ordination and for all priests and deacons currently licensed, with the goal that all such clergy would:
- Be trained in prior resolutions of the General Convention regarding impairment;
- Recognize impairment; and
- Provide tools for reporting incidents involving impaired clergy and remove barriers that impede individuals from reporting.
Resolved, That the Executive Council consider using training materials through publicly available resources at no cost, such as The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (samhsa.gov).
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text:
Mining Gravity Separation
Gravity separation is the best-proven and accepted technique of concentrating minerals and SGS has significant expertise with this technology for many commodities.
Gravity separation is an attractive unit operation as it generally has low capital and operating costs, uses few of any chemicals that might cause environmental concerns and the recent development of new equipment enhances the range of separations possible.
SGS experts can provide bench-scale flowsheet development, pilot scale testing and plant audit and optimization services, depending on the needs of a project or facility. We provide:
- Gravity Recovery Gold (GRG)
- Gravity Separation Testing, including spirals, concentrators, jigs and shaking tables:
- Knelson and Falcon concentrators
- Wilfley and Mosely shaking tables
- Dense Media Separation (DMS)
Expertise and Innovation
While gravity separation is a well-proven technique, SGS pays careful attention to operating conditions and such care with feed preparation can pay significant dividends.
Recognizing the fact that efficient gravity separation is a function of particle size and specific density differences, SGS has developed several successful techniques to identify feed size preparation criteria to maximize downstream gravity separation efficiency. This has proven to enhance concentrate grades by 5–10 percent.
Reasons to Assess Gravity Separation
- To immediately reject barren waste as an initial pre-concentration step
- To recover malleable and/or friable coarse heavy minerals from grinding circuit circulating loads – such minerals are otherwise hard to recover after regrinding
- To concentrate or pre-concentrate heavy minerals to minimize downstream processing costs
- To clean low weight, high yield bulk concentrates
- To reclaim pay minerals from plant tailings
- To generate a precious metal concentrate that can go direct to a refinery rather than a smelter
SGS technical experts can integrate, design, commission, maintain, and troubleshoot gravity separation systems globally. With our array of equipment and experience, we can readily provide bankable cost effective processing flowsheets and advise on operational best practices during plant start-up based on our extensive production experience.


Location Sensitive Image Retrieval and Tagging
Raul Gomez, Jaume Gibert, Lluis Gomez, Dimosthenis Karatzas ;
People from different parts of the globe describe objects and concepts in distinct manners. Visual appearance can thus vary across different geographic locations, which makes location a relevant contextual information when analysing visual data. In this work, we address the task of image retrieval related to a given tag conditioned on a certain location on Earth. We present LocSens, a model that learns to rank triplets of images, tags and coordinates by plausibility, and two training strategies to balance the location influence in the final ranking. LocSens learns to fuse textual and location information of multimodal queries to retrieve related images at different levels of location granularity, and successfully utilizes location information to improve image tagging. Code and models will be available to ensure reproducibility."
Related Material


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With a strong password of 10+ characters, mixed case, etc... Is the encryption of a Excel 2007 document secure enough to create reasonably strong defense against a brute force attack?
What encryption method does Excel 2007 employ?
share|improve this question
It's AES128 with symmetric key encryption so you need proper 128bit key, so many password might not work – Andrew Smith Jul 26 '12 at 15:30
When in doubt, TrueCrypt. – Iszi Jul 26 '12 at 16:23
Yeah true, if you encrypt twice it's much less likely that two keys will be cracked, so you could use both at the same time – Andrew Smith Jul 26 '12 at 16:44
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
According to the Microsoft whitepaper and a few other MSDN blog sources, the following specs are defined:
 - Key derivation is performed using 50,000 iterations[source] of SHA-1 (increased to 100k in SP2).
 - Uses a 16-byte (128-bit) random salt.
 - AES is the block cipher used to encrypt the document.
 - By default, 128-bit key are used. There is a registry tweak to change this to 256-bit.
 - The AES block cipher is implemented in Microsoft's CSP / CryptoAPI.
Older versions of Office use RC4, which is now deprecated and not recommended.
In summary, I'd say yes, with a good password this is going to be difficult to crack.
Modern GPU hash cracking tools can reach around 3.2 billion hashes per second on a powerful graphics card. With the default options, the KDF used will reduce that to roughly 64k hashes per second.
Assuming ten characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) you're looking at a key space of 840,000,000,000,000,000 (8.4x10^17) possible passwords, so that's around 210 thousand years before you hit a 50% likelyhood of cracking the password.
If you're storing financial information, take a look at these registry tweaks for Office 2007 SP2 that allow you to alter some security parameters. For a decent increase in security, set the CipherKeyBits value to 256, and the PasswordSpinCount value to 1,000,000 or higher. At that point, I'd personally trust it to be reasonably safe against even determined attackers. If you're super-paranoid, you could always put the files in a TrueCrypt volume too!
share|improve this answer
thanks for that info, I couldn't seem to find that anywhere. With that being said, is it reasonable to assume this encryption method is adequate for storing financial information in a spreadsheet? – zm15 Jul 26 '12 at 15:56
_USER_ If you're storing financial information, take a look at these registry tweaks for Office 2007 SP2 that allow you to increase the KDF iteration count and cipher key bits. Set the CipherKeyBits value to 256, and the PasswordSpinCount value to _PHONE_. At that point, I'd personally trust it to be safe. If you're super-paranoid, you could always stick the files in a TrueCrypt volume too! – Polynomial Jul 26 '12 at 15:59
Great, Thanks Polynominal! if i change these settings in the registry on a PC, and open it on a Mac, will the document still be that strong? Or will it only apply on the windows pc where i changed the registry? – zm15 Jul 26 '12 at 16:27
_USER_ Yes, it'd still be strong. The iteration count is stored as part of the hash. – Polynomial Dec 10 '12 at 15:03
Already left a message in another topic, so just let me quote the answer:
When I lost my Excel password, I did quite a research only to find out that all password recovery programs can't gurantee successful restoration of lost password. If the password was long and complex, it may take years for them to find it. The only way to reliably remove password from Excel 2007 or later version (I had Excel 2010) that I have found was online service called _URL_. It exploited some new algorithm that allows removing password instantaneously (removed my within several seconds). However it does not work for 100% of documents, so check it by yourself - maybe the developers improved it since then. If your document is saved in old Excel 97-2003 format you may try Free Excel password Recovery that someone mentioned already - it may work if lost password is really simple. I hope my post will save you a huge amount of time I wasted looking for some problem resolution.
So as you see, Excel 2007/2010 protection can be cracked instantaneously, and thus can't be considered strong any more.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, Password-Find could not remove the protection because your document does not have any explicit vulnerability. And yet, there's still a possibility of getting access to the contents of your file. The password for your document can be found with the help of a supercomputer. Your password protected file will be uploaded to the secure server, and our supercomputer will do its best to recover the password. Do you want to find the password for your file? and then pay. – A.D. Mar 13 at 18:45
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_USER_{Schob2003Economic, abstract = {This paper investigates the effects of labor market integration, in the form of worker mobility, in a model with long-term labor contracts that lead to wage rigidities and unemployment. Reflecting the interdependence of regional labor markets, we develop a general-equilibrium framework where the contract structure is simultaneously determined in all regions. It is shown that increased mobility leads to more flexible labor market institutions in which firms can more easily vary the level of employment in response to fluctuations in demand. Economic integration is potentially Pareto-improving but, in the absence of a system of compensation, workers are harmed by greater labor mobility while the owners of firms benefit from higher profits.}, address = {Bonn}, author = {Ronnie Sch\"{o}b and David E. Wildasin}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {J6; R0; J1; 330; migration; unemployment; labor market integration; risk; Arbeitsmarkttheorie; Marktintegration; Internationale Arbeitsmobilit\"{a}t; Lohnverhandlungstheorie; Lohnrigidit\"{a}t; Implizite Kontrakte; Wohlfahrtseffekt; Theorie}, language = {eng}, number = {945}, publisher = {Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)}, title = {Economic integration and labor market institutions : worker mobility, earnings risk, and contract structure}, type = {IZA Discussion paper series}, url = {_URL_ year = {2003} }


Kyrgyzstan plans to promote wind energy
Kyrgyzstan is set to implement pathbreaking financial policies to promote development of wind energy sector in the country. Renewable energy has, so far, seen minimal development in Kyrgyzstan which generated most of its electricity from large hydro power projects. But now, the government is planning to offer significant tax incentives to project developers who look to set up wind energy projects.
According to media reports, the Kyrgyzstan government has proposed slew of tax incentives for the wind energy sector. As per the proposal of the parliament, income from wind energy projects shall be exempted from any tax for 8 years. Additionally, equipment imported from outside the country would be exempted from value-added tax.
These, and several other proposals, are expected to be approved by the Kyrgyz parliament over the next few weeks.
While the government has not announced the planned capacity addition, it plans to set up 3 wind energy projects with the first expected to come up near the lake of Issyk-Kul.
According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the country had an installed power generation capacity of 3,680 MW in 2012, of which only 1% (or 41 MW) was based on renewable energy technologies.
Among all renewable energy technologies, solar power has the largest potential in Kyrgyzstan. Solar power has an estimated technical potential of 267 GW while wind energy and small-hydro power have potential of 1,500 MW and 1,800 MW, respectively.


text:
Society for Linguistic Anthropology
Oral Presentation Session
Since the outbreak of the Sri Lankan war in 1983, hundreds of thousands of North and East Tamils have migrated to Canada, the U.S., Australia, India, and various European countries (Daniel 1996). In the last two decades new virtual spaces have enabled Tamil speakers (Tamils and Muslims) living in Sri Lanka and abroad to participate in a transnational public, which has influenced politics in Sri Lanka and the diaspora (Cheran 2007; Sriskandarajah 2005). The proliferation of social media in Sri Lanka in 2008 only increased the opportunity for youth to advocate for Tamil rights following the defeat of the LTTE in 2009, prompting a movement initially dubbed the "Blackberry revolution" (Shyamantha 2009). In this paper, I explore how resident and diasporic Sri Lankans negotiate a common Tamil or Tamil-speaking identity in Facebook and Twitter discussions. I look at explicit discourses of identity, as well as the more implicit ways individuals construct community membership through assumed linguistic knowledge and appreciation of sarcasm and humor. I underscore the significant of virtual forums in resolving the Sri Lankan Tamil question, as well as how longer term and stable Tamil identities are formed through more "light" identity work.


text:
Whenever you're choosing among various products to use in your building or remodeling project, you want to find out some key information from the products' manufacturers.
For example, say you're getting ready to buy countertops. You start by making a list of the countertops you like best. After you've identified your favorite products, find out which companies manufacture those products. For each product, write down the company's contact information alongside the name of the product and any other identifying information you can find (such as the manufacturer's product ID number). This information is often on the back of the sample you see at a showroom or store. (Some tips on choosing green building materials.)
Not every manufacturer will have the same identifying information for every product. You just want to assemble as much identifying information as possible so that the manufacturer knows exactly which product you have a question about.
After you have your list of products and manufacturers, start by calling the first one on your list, and move through your list until you've found the answers you need from every manufacturer. Be sure to ask each manufacturer the questions in the following sections — you want to be able to compare the answers to all the questions from all the manufacturers, so you can get an accurate picture of how they stack up.
You can find many of the answers to these questions from the manufacturers themselves in the form of a material safety and data sheet (MSDS). Every manufacturer is required by law to produce an MSDS for every product it sells. The MSDS includes information about the product such as ingredients, toxicity, health effects, proper storage, disposal, and special handling procedures. The exact contents of the MSDS will vary from product to product, but they're basically the same.
Tip: You can request the MSDS directly from the manufacturer or find the MSDS online at Web sites such as MSDS Search (_URL_
) or MSDS Online (_URL_
). In addition, each sales representative should be able to provide some answers about the products he sells. If the sales rep doesn't know, ask him to find out.
Where Did This Material Come From?
From the obvious (wood comes from trees) to the obscure (linoleum comes from linseed oil), this question explores the source of the product. When looking for green materials, try to choose from one of four possible sources:
Reclaimed: Reusing materials salvaged from other uses, reclaimed materials offer old material quality no longer available. For example, the siding of an old barn can be milled into new flooring.
Recycled: Unlike reclaimed materials, recycled materials are put back into the material production and reprocessed into new finishes. Sourced from various materials, recycled materials often have slight imperfections that add to the final appearance. For example, glass tiles can be made from recycled windshields.
Sustainable harvested: Yielding materials without completely destroying the chance for future harvesting, sustainable-harvested materials will be around for future generations. For example, bamboo wood is actually a grass, and the root continues to grow after being harvested.....read more


What is a demand letter in a personal injury claim?
A demand letter is where the victim presents their case of the car accident to the insurance company. This is where the victim will present all the facts and details of their injuries and the medical treatment received, as well as any future treatment, the injuries require. The initial amount "demanded" in the letter should be higher than the actual settlement the victim is willing to agree to. This allows for negotiation.
Richard N. Shapiro
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With the increasing tendency of information technology (IT) applications, knowledge integration in organization has emerged as an important research topic for both practitioners and researchers, reflecting the magnitude and impact of knowledge resource in distributed environments. Practically, data, information, and knowledge are transmitted via various media, and integration capability is the antecedent of knowledge integration in organizations. However, few literatures research knowledge integration from the comprehensive perspective of transmission media and integration capability. As a complement to previous research, this study proposes a comprehensive theoretical model of knowledge integration (KIM) by incorporating valuable perspectives of media characteristics and organizational capability. This research model provides a new lens for knowledge integration based on transmission media in organizations by integrating relevant research streams. Furthermore, this robust and new model, which has been applied to a knowledge integration practice of e-commerce platform, can be used to explain the most knowledge integration phenomenon in contemporary society.


table pointer to NULL. Figuring out why the vtable address has been corrupted is not trivial with traditional methods: there are entire tools such as ASAN (which requires recompilation) or Valgrind (which is very slow) that have been designed to find and diagnose memory corruption bugs like this. But in the Pernosco omniscient debugger a click on the object's pointer takes the user to where it was assigned into the global variable of interest, and another click on the value of the vtable pointer takes the user to where the vtable pointer was erroneously overwritten. Walk through the complete debugging session here.
As demonstrated in the examples above, the Pernosco omniscient debugger makes it easy to track down even classes of bugs that are notoriously difficult to work with such as race conditions or memory corruption errors. Try out Pernosco individual accounts or on-premises today!
Wednesday, 14 April 2021
Visualizing Control Flow In Pernosco
In traditional debuggers, developers often single-step through the execution of a function to discover its control flow. One of Pernosco's main themes is avoiding single-stepping by visualizing state over time "all at once". Therefore, presenting control flow through a function "at a glance" is an important Pernosco feature and we've recently made significant improvements in this area.
This is a surprisingly hard problem. Pernosco records control flow at the instruction level. Compiler-generated debuginfo maps instructions to source lines, but lacks other potentially useful information such as the static control flow graph. We think developers want to understand control flow in the context of their source code (so approaches taken by, e.g., reverse engineering tools are not optimal for Pernosco). However, mapping potentially complex control flow onto the simple top-to-bottom source code view is inherently lossy or confusing or both.
For functions without loops there is a simple, obvious and good solution: highlight the lines executed, and let the user jump in time to that line's execution when clicked on. In the example below, we can see immediately where the function took an early exit.
To handle loops, Pernosco builds a dynamic control flow graph, which is actually a tree where leaf nodes are the execution of source lines, non-leaf nodes are the execution of a loop iteration and the root node is the execution of the function itself. Constructing a dynamic CFG is surprisingly non-trivial (especially in the presence of optimized code and large functions with long executions), but outside the scope of this post. Then, given a "current moment" during the function call, we identify which loop iterations are "current", and highlight the lines executed by those loop iterations; clicking on these highlights jumps directly to the appropriate point in time. Any lines executed during this function call but not in a current loop iteration are highlighted differently; clicking on these highlights shows all executions of that line in that function call. Hover text explains what is going on.
This presentation is still lossy — for example control-flow edges are not visible. However, user feedback has been very positive.
Try out Pernosco individual accounts or on-premises today!
Thursday, 4 March 2021
On-Premises Pernosco Now Available; Reflecting On Application Confinement
In November we announced Pernosco availability for individual developers via our debugging-as-a-service platform. That product requires developers to share binary code, debug symbols and test data with us (but not necessarily source code), and we recognize that many potential customers are not comfortable with that. Therefore we are making Pernosco available to run on-premises. Contact us for a free trial! On-prem pricing is negotiable, but we prefer to charge a fixed amount per month for unlimited usage by a given team. Keep in mind Pernosco's current limitations: applications that work with rr (Linux, x86-64), C/C++/Rust/Ada/V8.
An on-premises customer says:
One of the key takeaways for me in our evaluation is that users keep coming back to pernosco without me pushing for it, and really like it — I have rarely seen such a high adoption rate in a new tool.
To deploy Pernosco on-premises we package it into two containers: the database builder and the application server. You collect an rr trace, run the database builder, then run the application server to export a Web interface to the database. Both steps, especially database building, require a reasonably powerful machine; our hosted service uses c5d.9xlarge instances for database building and a smaller shared i3.4xlarge instance for the application servers. If you want to run your own private shared service you are responsible for any authentication, authorization, public routing to the Web interface, wrangling database storage, etc.
To help our customers feel comfortable using Pernosco on-premises, all our closed-source code is bundled into those two containers, and we provide an open-source Python wrapper which runs those containers with sandboxing to confine it. Our goal is that you should not have to trust anything other than that easily-audited wrapper script (and rr of course, which is open source, but not so easily audited, though lots of people have looked into it). Our database builder container simply reads one subtree of the filesystem and drops a database into it, and the application server reads that subtree and exposes a Web server on a private subnet. Both containers should be incapable of leaking data to the outside world, even if the contents were malicious.
This seems like a natural approach to deploying closed-source software — no-one wants to be the next Solarwinds. In fact even if you receive the entire product's source code from your vendor, you still want confinement because you're not really going to audit it effectively. Therefore I'm surprised to find that this use-case doesn't seem to be well-supported by infrastructure!
For example, Docker provides an embedded DNS server to containers that cannot be disabled. We don't need it, and in theory crafted DNS queries could leak information to the outside world, so I'd like to disable it. But apparently our confinement goal is not considered a valid use-case by Docker. (I guess you can work around this by limiting the DNS service on the container host somehow, but that sucks more.)
Another interesting issue is preventing leaks through our Web application. For example when a user loads our application, it could send messages to public Internet hosts that leak information. We try to prevent this by having our application send CSP headers that deny all non-same-origin access. The problem is, if our application was malicious it could simply change the CSP it sends. Preventing that would seem to require a proxy outside the container that checks or modifies the CSP headers we send.
I'm surprised these problems haven't already been solved, or at least that the solutions aren't widely known and deployed.
What Would Jesus Do... About Vaccination?
My thoughts about COVID19 vaccination as a Christian are pretty simple (assuming the Pfizer vaccine or something similar):
 - Is it safe for me?
 Yes. I'm not known to be allergic to vaccine components or immunologically compromised, and the safety data is solid.
 - If I get exposed to COVID19, will the vaccine stop me from getting infected and passing it on to people around me?
 Yes, almost certainly per the data.
 - Knowing this, if I chose to not get vaccinated, caught COVID19, and infected people around me with COVID19, would I have disobeyed Jesus' command to love my neighbour?
 - Is there any other way I can ensure I won't catch COVID19 and infect others?
 - Are there any countervailing ethical issues with taking the vaccine?
 No. None of the vaccines on offer are closely connected to abortion.
Thus it is pretty clearly God's will for me to be vaccinated.
Monday, 22 February 2021
Mercer Bay
West of Auckland, between Karekare beach and Piha beach, there is a small bay called Mercer Bay. It's surrounded by cliffs and there is no marked track to get down to it, but I've known for a long time that there is an unmarked route down the cliff. Last year I met someone who knows the route and she kindly agreed to guide a group of us down it on Saturday morning.
We started from Karekare up the Cowan track to the turnoff. The cliffs look precipitious and I'm not good with heights, but the route is actually not very difficult, and we got down quite easily. Mercer Bay is very pretty. At dead low tide you can walk around the north end of the beach to an inlet with three large sea-caves. The largest goes a significant distance into the hill to a blowhole where the roof has collapsed. It's incredibly impressive.
Climbing back up the cliff is the sensible but strenuous way out, but at dead low tide you can walk south around the rocks back to Karekare beach, and that's what we did. There is some nontrivial (for me) climbing involved — a few narrow ledges, a few overhangs — but the barnacle-covered conglomerate rocks provide excellent footholds and handholds if you have gloves or don't mind a few scrapes. Unfortunately we did not time our walk well and the tide was coming in, so we had to hurry. In a few places we had to cross little inlets with waves surging in and out, and later on we just plunged in when it wasn't too deep. I don't know how close we came to being trapped, but I certainly would have preferred a larger safety margin. Lesson learned! (I was carrying


Laboratory Ovens
Laboratory Ovens
Laboratory Ovens are typically used in the lab for various functions, as such there are a variety of ovens that a user would need to consider before making their choice. For example, the most simple natural convection oven, is use for drying applications that requires gentle airflow such as for baking, conditioning, curing, pre-heating and aging. It also serves to do thermal storage tasks as well as sterilization. Apart from the standard applications, It can also be used to perform material testing for instance, to determine tensile strength, deformation, and resiliency of a product.
Apart from the natural convection oven, there is also the forced convection oven, as well as vacuum oven, each built with their unique specific uses for various types of applications.
Forced convection oven, are built with a fan inside the wall of the oven which forces the hot air in the oven to circulate throughout, it is typically used in procedures involving cultures and samples where accurately controlled uniform heating is required.
Vacuum ovens are used where materials would be damaged if exposed to high temperature, it removes moisture but also avoids oxidation or explosion which can occur when certain materials combine with air and usually used for hydroscopic and heat sensitive materials.
The most economical option are Natural convection ovens. Fan assisted convection ovens, also known as Forced Convection Ovens, are able to achieve greater temperature uniformity and offer faster recovery rates. A Furnace would the best for extremely high temperature applications.
In some cases, laboratory ovens are used for unique applications especially for users from the biological, forensic and environmental labs. Here are some examples of how the natural sciences utilizes ovens to advance the pace of research:
 - Vacuum ovens with specific configurations as fingerprint development chambers in Forensic Laboratories
 - In Biological Laboratories, Gravity Convection Ovens are used for removal of microbiological contaminants in lab wares and Vacuum Ovens are used for adhering substrates to the surface of filters and other media
 - Environmental Laboratories need to determine the moisture content of a sample. In order to obtain this, users will dry their specimens in laboratory ovens and calculate the difference of the sample's weight before and after the drying process. Gravity convection and forced-air ovens are used for such application.
Different Types of Lab Ovens & Furnace
 - Gravity Convection Oven
 - Forced Convection Oven
 - Natural Convection Oven
 - Vacuum Oven
 - Side Draught Ovens
 - Muffle/Ashing Furnaces
 - Chamber Furnaces
 - Tube Furnaces


Why the Knotted Language of DNA Sounds Like Music
Knot theory hasn't been the only unexpected math to pop up during DNA research. Scientists have used Venn diagrams to study DNA, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The architecture of DNA shows traces of the "golden ratio" of length to width found in classical edifices like the Parthenon. Geometry enthusiasts have … » 7/17/12 2:40pm 7/17/12 2:40pm


text:
Keywords: lock, lock up, key, ignition
Found 1 variant for this sign (click on video to enlarge):
As a Noun
[Often the movement is repeated] the part of a door, a drawer, or a suitcase which you use to keep it shut and to prevent other people from opening it. To open it, you must first put a key in it and turn it. English = lock.
[Often the movement is repeated] a specially shaped piece of metal which you place in a lock and turn in order to open or lock a door, a drawer, or a suitcase; a specially shaped piece of metal that you turn, for example to wind up a clock. English = key.
[Often the movement is repeated] the keyhole in the dashboard of a car in which you insert a key in order to start the engine. English = ignition.
As a Verb or Adjective
To put a key into a lock and turn it so that it cannot be opened. English = lock.
To make sure all the doors and windows of a building are properly closed and locked so that burglars cannot get in. English = lock up.
To insert a key into the ignition of a car and turn it so that the engine starts.


cf. Old Saxon lettian "to hinder," Old Norse letja "to hold back," Old High German lezzen "to stop, check," Gothic latjan "to hinder, make late," Old English læt "sluggish, slow, late"); see late.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Related Abbreviations for let's
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Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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How To: Your Juicer Is Actually a Sauce Maker in Disguise
Your Juicer Is Actually a Sauce Maker in Disguise
There are several reasons why restaurant food tastes so good. One is that the cooks know how to make reductions, which involves cooking down large amounts of liquid until it becomes a pool of thick, glossy sauce. While this technique isn't hard to learn, it can be time-consuming.
Now, courtesy of chef Ignacio Mattos of New York-based restaurant Estela (via Bon Appétit), comes another way: use your juicer to create fresh, one-of-a-kind sauces that are as complex as anything from French or Chinese cuisine, but a heck of a lot easier to create.
Using Your Juicer as a Sauce Maker
Mattos' technique involves zero cooking and creates chef-worthy sauces since, as he notes, fresh juices inherently contain so much flavor and complexity. Instead, you juice herbs and vegetables in two separate batches so you can play with proportions before you sauce a dish.
After you mix the two to suits your tastes, you add something acidic like citrus juice, vinegar, or even pickle juice. You can add salt if desired (a sprinkle of fleur de sel might be a nice touch). After you've spooned the sauce across your dish, you can add a drizzle of high-quality olive oil for extra flavor and a little visual flair.
Juicers are versatile and can create much more than your basic morning beverage. Image via 101 Cookbooks
Mattos recommends juicing a vegetable that has a touch of acid, like sorrel, and then juicing herbs that have an onion-y flavor, like leeks or chives, although he notes that parsley is always a good choice. You can get his master recipe for green sauce and then play with proportions and other flavors as you like.
The fresher the juice is, the more vibrant its color will be in your sauce. Image via Bon Appetit
Remember that fresh juices oxidize quickly, so while you can use your juicer to make sauce in advance, they'll start to turn a little brown-ish after a while. In my experience, after four or five hours they lose their vibrant color ever so slightly and start to separate, even in a tightly sealed container.
Fresh Jucies Plus a Little Cooking Gives You Richer Flavor
This trick has actually been around for a while: a 1994 Baltimore Sun article discusses chefs Jerry Edwards' and David Fustings' technique of running fresh vegetables through a juicer, adding an arrowroot flour-based thickener, herbs, and salt and then lightly cooking the sauce.
This red bell pepper and carrot juice would also make a great sauce (with slightly less apple and lemon, of course). Image via Juicing Recipes Book
Fustings and Edwards like to use a vegetable that has a lot of sweetness and color as a base, like bell peppers or carrots, add an arrowroot slurry (one teaspoon of arrowroot powder mixed with two tablespoons of water), and cook it over medium heat until the mixture thickens.
Afterward, they remove it from heat and add a splash of alcohol or citrus juice and herbs/scallions for taste. They also recommend whisking in a little butter at the end for richness. You can get the complete instructions here.
Either method is a great and relatively easy way to create a fancy sauce that will liven up a simple meal of fish, chicken, or beef. The only complex part is cleaning out the juicer, and you can assign that task to anyone who didn't help with the cooking, right?
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Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain
Logistics and supply chain management are some terms that are prevalent and have been used in the modern world of business and other areas that involve several activities, which include military operations among others. Apparently, it has become difficult for people to indicate whether one is practicing logistical management or supply chain management leading some professionals even to use the two terms interchangeably. However, there exist a significant number of differences between logistics and supply chain management that are important for one to understand.
 - What is Logistics?
Logistics is a term used to describe the process of handling goods within a specific department while at the same time keeping an inventory document of the status and whereabouts of different inventories. Besides, logistics can be defined as the process of planning, execution, and control of the movement of goods and other related activities.Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain
 - What is Supply Chain Management?
Supply chain management is a terminology used to describe all the activities, which include the purchase of raw materials, receiving of raw materials, manufacturing, and production of goods, and delivery of the desired goods to their respective customers or destinations.Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain-1
Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain
 1. Goals and Aims of Logistics and Supply Chain Management
One of the major difference between logistics and supply chain management is their intended goals and objectives within an organization. The goals and objectives of logistics within an organizational department is ensuring that customers attain maximum satisfaction during their interactions with the organization. Logistical officers ensure that anything that is needed by the customers is accessed with ease and it is acquired in the right quality and quantity. On the other hand, supply chain management has the goal and objective of ensuring that the company achieves a competitive and comparative advantage through effectiveness and efficiency. More importantly, supply chain management ensures that the company procures laws materials at lower prices while selling finished goods at the highest prices possible.
 1. Organizations Involved Logistics and Supply Chain
The number of organizations involved is another aspect that can be used to highlight the difference between logistics and supply chain management. Logistics is involved in a single organization because there are no logistical activities that are required when one company is interacting with the other company. Logistical operations are confined and restricted to an individual organization and the customers willing to cooperate with the team. On the other hand, supply chain management is involved with multiple agencies that are interacting with the company on a daily basis. It is important to highlight that supply chain management must interact with organisations supplying raw materials, companies delivering or transporting finished goods, and companies purchasing their finished products.
 1. Evolution and Development of Logistics and Supply Chain
The evolution and development of logistics and supply chain management form one of the fundamental differences between the two terms. According to historians, logistical management has existed for a lengthy period and has passed the test of times since it currently exists despite development in technology. Historians highlight that logistics was prevalently used in traditional empires for military operations and involved transportation of both firearms and military personnel among others. On the other hand, supply chain management is a modern aspect that emerged in the 19th century. The aspect has grown to the point that it is currently being incorporated in all business organizations and government departments. Moreover, supply chain management is a stand-alone department within the company and a course by itself in different learning institutions around the world.
 1. Departments and Sections of Logistics and Supply Chain
The number of departments and sections involved in logistical management and supply chain management shows some significant number of differences between the two practices. It is worth noting that the number of sections in supply chain management is higher as compared to those in the logistical department because supply chain management is involved and interacts with multiple organizations. Some of the sections within logistical management include inventory, warehousing, and transportation. Supply chain management has a significant number of sections, which include product development and testing, customer service and satisfaction, integration and information sharing, logistical activities, performance measurement, and procurement and manufacturing among others.
 1. Relationship with One Another
There exist a significant relationship between logistical management and supply chain management. Although many people think that they are different departments with each entitled to handle its activities, the logistical department is a section of the supply chain management that handles specific tasks. It is important to highlight that logistical the supply chain department can handle activities without interfering or lowering the quality of the services offered by this administration. This explains why some organizations do not have operational, logistical department but have operational supply chain management department, which handles logistical issues.
 1. Relationship with Other Departments
Similar to their interactions with other organizations where supply chain management can interact with multiple companies, it looks like supply chain management has an edge when it comes to cooperation with other departments within the organization. The logistical administration does not have active roles in different departments while supply chain management has a high probability of participating in affairs of other agencies through research, marketing, and ordering raw materials for manufacturing department.
Table Showing Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management
Goals and Aims Customer Satisfaction Competitive advantage
Organizations Involved Single Organization Involved Multiple Organizations Involved
Evolution and Development
Traditional Modern
Relationship with One Another
Within Supply Chain Management Incorporates Logistics
Relationship With Other Departments Minimal Relationship with other Departments Significant Interactions with other Departments
Summary of Logistics and Supply Chain
 - Moreover, understanding the role of each department prevents the conflict of interest while at the same time creating boundaries between various departments within the organization. Limits are efficient when determining the allocation of resources in each division.
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 1. Thanks, glad I could help! Following my feed was so difficult for me too before I switched.
 2. This article gives brief idea of logistics and supply chain management. Thank you.
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 References :
 [0]Cooper, Martha C., and Lisa M. Ellram. "Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy." The international journal of logistics management 4.2 (1993): 13-24.
 [1]Lambert, Douglas M., Martha C. Cooper, and Janus D. Pagh. "Supply chain management: implementation issues and research opportunities." The international journal of logistics management 9.2 (1998): 1-20.
 [2]Lambert, Douglas M., and Martha C. Cooper. "Issues in supply chain management." Industrial marketing management 29.1 (2000): 65-83.
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text:
The primary tool to capture detailed level information about individual transactions is SQL Profiler. Profiler...
has can be configured to capture all of the transactions on a server or only a subset based on filtering by application name, host, etc. The information captured by Profiler can be stored in a SQL Server table or a flat file for future reference. This image shows a snippet of Profiler's results.
Process-related information can also be captured by the following commands:
- Sp_monitor: Snapshot of SQL Server statistics
- Sp_who: Snapshot of SQL Server processes
- Master.dbo.sysprocesses: System table storing the SQL Server process-related information
- DBCC OPENTRAN:Open transactions internal to SQL Server
- DBCC INPUTBUFFER: Last set of statements sent by the client machine to SQL Server
Hunt down SQL Server performance problems
Step 1: CPU usage
Step 2: Disk IO queuing
Step 3: Memory consumption
Step 4: Network bandwidth
Step 5: Transaction-level performance
|ABOUT THE AUTHOR:|
| Jeremy Kadlec
Jeremy Kadlec is the Principal Database Engineer at Edgewood Solutions, a technology services company delivering professional services and product solutions for Microsoft SQL Server. He has authored numerous articles and delivers frequent presentations at regional SQL Server Users Groups and nationally at SQL PASS. Jeremy is also the SearchSQLServer.com Performance Tuning expert. Ask him a question here.
Copyright 2005 TechTarget


FN. Before a DFN can be created, a model domain must be specified. For this example, we specify a DFN domain extending 50 units in both the positive and negative directions (100 unit lengths) with the command model domain extent -50 50. If only two numbers are provided, it is assumed that the domain is the same size in the x, y ansd z directions.
The easiest way to create a DFN in 3DEC is by first generating a template. The DFN template is a set of statistical parameters used to generate stochastic discrete fracture networks. These parameters include size distribution, the position distribution, and the orientation distribution. By default, the DFN template uses the following properties: uniform fracture positions, uniform orientations (dip between 0^{circ} and 180^{circ}, dip direction between 0^{circ} and 360^{circ}) and sizes obeying a negative power-law distribution with an exponent of 4. If no size limits are given, the fracture sizes will range from 1.0 to infty.
For this example, we will assign a template name, a power-law distribution with an exponent of 3 restricting the fracture size (disk diameter) to values between 1 and 100. We will also set the position and orientation to have uniform distribution. This is completed using the following commands:
fracture template create 'dfn_template' size power-law 3 size-limits 2 20...
 position uniform orientation uniform
Using the previously created DFN template, a set of fractures can be generated in the previously specified domain. The generation continues until a defined stopping criterion is met. In this example, a density (P32 value) of 0.1 is used as a stopping criterion. See DFN Overview for more information of DFN densities. The resulting DFN is shown in Figure 6
Finally, fractures that are sub-parallel and close together are merged into single larger fractures. This will help prevent the formation of very thin blocks in 3DEC when the DFN is used to cut joints in the block model.
Figure 6: Generated DFN
Before creating a block model we must set the tolerance using the command 02. The tolerances affected include (1) the minimum distance between gridpoints, (2) minimum area (tolxtol) of sub-contacts, (3) tolerance to link gridpoints of joined blocks, and (4) tolerance to select vertices close to the common plane. The default atol setting is 0.0012 x the average model dimensions in x, y, and z. For this example, the default is too large and thus we require a smaller value.
A 10x10x10 block is then created. Generally, it is accepted that the DFN domain size should be larger than the rock body of interest. This is because fractures may exist with centroids outside of the rock body that extend into the rock body. These fracture fragments would be missed if the DFN domain size and rock body size were the same. We have accounted for this by creating a DFN domain with limits at pm 50 in the x-, y-, and z-directions.
We can now generate a set of discontinuities (joints) based on the previously created DFN using the following command: block cut dfn name'my_dfn'. The block is cut using the DFN with name = my_dfn. The resulting 3DEC model is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Blocks after cutting
In 3DEC, joints must bisect a block. It is not possible to have a joint partially cut a block. Therefore the cutting of joints with the DFN works as follows:
 - Joints in the DFN are sorted from largest to smallest
 - For each joint, all blocks not touching the joint are hidden
 - Remaining blocks are cut with the joint
Following this procedure minimizes the number of unnecessary cuts; however, many of the joints in the 3DEC model are larger than the corresponding joints in the DFN since cuts must fully bisect blocks. This problem can be resolved by specifying different joint properties on difference sections of the joints.
Before specifying joint properties, we need to discretize the blocks into zones. This will also discretize the joint surfaces and allow different sections of each joint surface to be assigned different properties. Tetrahedral zones of a 1-unit edge length are generated using the command 0.
The joint material properties can now be assigned. The use of specific DFN commands allows for differentiating joint material inside and outside the DFN disk. This idea is illustrated below.
Each 3DEC joint is made up of subcontacts (after zoning). The subcontacts may be either inside or outside of the DFN disk as shown. Different materials properties can be assigned to the inside subcontacts using range dfn-3dec.
Joints can be easily plotted by adding the Joint Plane plot item to a plot. If you only wish to see the parts of the 3DEC joints that correspond to the actual DFN, you can right-click in the Joint Plane plot item in the Plot Item List, select Add Range Element …, and from the Visual list on the left, select DFN Distance. Uncheck the Not checkbox, check the checkbox for my_dfn, and then en ter a Distance slightly greater than 0 (e.g. 0.01). The plot of DFN joints shown look like Figure 9
Figure 9: Joints in the model after cutting
; -- Example to show how to cut joints in 3DEC using a DFN
model new
model random 10000
model domain extent -50 50
; -- Generate DFN --
 position uniform orientation uniform
fracture generate dfn'my_dfn' template 'dfn_template' mass-density 0.1
; merge sub-parallel fractures that are close together
fracture combine angle 5 distance 0.1 merge
model save 'dfn'
block tolerance 0.02
; create block
block create brick -10 10
; add joints corresponding to dfn with id 1
block cut dfn name'my_dfn'
; discretize blocks into tetrahedral zones with an edge length of 1.
block zone generate edgelength 1
; set joint material properties
block contact property friction 30 cohesion 1000
block contact property cohesion 0 range dfn-3dec'my_dfn'
model save 'blocks'
Creating Internal Boundary Shapes
When fitting the 3DEC model to the problem region, polyhedral boundaries must also be defined to coincide with boundary shapes of the physical problem. These may be internal boundaries representing excavations or holes, or external boundaries representing, for example, man-made structures such as earth dams, or natural features such as mountain slopes. If the physical problem has a complicated boundary, it is important to assess whether simplification will have any effect on the questions that need to be answered (i.e., whether a simpler geometry will be sufficient to reproduce the important mechanisms).
All physical boundaries to be represented in the model simulation (including regions that will be added, or excavations created at a later stage in the simulation) must be defined before the solution process begins. Shapes of structures that will be added later in a sequential analysis must be defined and then "removed" (via the BLOCK EXCAVATE command). Excavated blocks are added with the BLOCK FILL command. Note that only deformable blocks can be excavated and filled.
The cutting of boundary shapes is performed with the following commands:
Each command cuts the polyhedra into one or more segments that are fitted together in the desired shape. The block cut joint-set commands create planar joint segments, as discussed in Joints and Joint Sets. The block cut tunnel command cuts a shape into the blocks where the shape is defined by a front and back face. The block cut geometry command cuts the blocks according to an imported geometric surface.
Block Cut Tunnel Command
The block cut tunnel command creates a tunnel whose boundary is formed by planar segments that connect two faces (designated as face-1 and face-2). The shape of the tunnel face is prescribed by an arbitrary number of vertices with coordinates (x1,y1,z1), (x2,y2,z2), (x3,y3,z3), etc. The same number of vertices must exist on both faces; the faces may be positioned either inside or outside of the model.
The example below presents a simple example for the creation of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel. The command block delete is used to delete the tunnel region (defined as group 'exc'). The resulting tunnel is shown in Figure 10.
Tunnel created with the TUNNEL command
model new
block create tunnel radius=2 length=-10,10 radius-ratio=3.0...
 dip=0 dip-direction=0...
 block-radial=2 block-tangential=1 block-axial=3
block delete range pos-x -2,2 pos-y -10,10 pos-z -2,2
Figure 10: Tunnel created with TUNNEL command
Usually, the model will be brought to an equilibrium state before the tunnel is excavated. The user must be careful that the fictitious joints along the tunnel boundary do not influence model response during the initial equilibrium calculation. If the BLOCK CUT TUNNEL command is used, the blocks are automatically joined at the fictitious joints. If BLOCK CUT JOINT-SET commands are used to create fictitious joints, then it is recommended that the block join command be used to join the blocks separated by the fictitious joint. Use the block contact list to identify whether


text: oulli polynomials by means of the degenerate multiple polyexponential functions. Then, we investigate their some properties and relations. We show that the type 2 degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli polynomials equals a linear combination of the weighted degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and Stirling numbers of the first kind. Moreover, we provide an addition formula and a derivative formula. Furthermore, in a special case, we acquire a correlation between the type 2 degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli numbers and degenerate Whitney numbers.


text:
Love canvas painting? Painting boosts creativity and self-esteem. It improves concentration. It sharpens fine motor skills. It is a good way to relax. It inspires you to communicate your deepest thoughts and feelings. It gives you a positive mindset. And it can make you become a more decisive person.
Here are the best canvas painting tips for beginners.
1. Linen or Cotton Canvas?
Linen is an expensive surface. It is a more cooperative painting surface than a cotton surface. However, it is not worth it if you are not going to sell your painting. Linen and cotton surfaces use the same primers. The weave of linen canvas is more random making it perfect for dry brushing.
2. Prepare Your Painting Surface
Prepare your painting surface before you start painting. Buy line or cotton canvas by the roll. Cut the roll into small sizes that suit you. Then, glue your canvas to wooden panels. You can get raw boards from lumber stores. Some stores do not charge for cutting. So, ask them to cut your board into small wooden panels.
4. Apply Gesso
Gesso the painting surface is the most viable option. A heavy textured surface is perfect for showing convincing landscape texture. A mildly textured surface is perfect for dry brushing because it does not water down and leaves pointed protrusions. And a smooth non-textured gesso, which is flat, is perfect for fine details like portraits and wildlife.
5. Toning Your Canvas
Do you know how to work with pastel? Pastel paper comes in different colors, which are perfect for toning your canvas. Toning your canvas makes some colors to glow through. For instance, if you are painting a nocturne or foggy day, tone your canvas to a blue-gray.
6. Choose Appropriate Brushes
Brushes are different. The best brushes for canvas painting are acrylic or oil paint brushes with stiff bristles and long handles. Because they are easy to hold them when you are painting. They are not like delicate watercolor brushes, which are hard to hold.
7. Create an Underpainting
Canvas is usually used for opaque paints. Therefore, it is perfect experimenting with an underpainting. Underpainting creates an outline, which adds depth and texture to your finished piece. However, it might not be visible once you have finished your painting.
These are the best canvas painting tips for beginners. They can help you stop making mistakes that most new painters make. If you are serious about becoming a painter, take painting seriously. And learn from an expert.


text:
This article deals with helping you to study and determine the THREAD ID information for various products.
Take a look at the photos below that have ID descriptions on & with them.
- IBC = Intermediate Bulk Container, also referred to as; Pontoon, Palleton, Pod or, TOTE, U.N Std Dimensions: 1200mm high x 100cm W x 120cm deep. weight 60 to 65kg.
- The cage is a light gauge galvanised tube steel. Bladder is made of 3mm HDPE = High Density Polyethylene.
- The expected life is 16 to 20 years outside before crazing, (UV oxygenation), which hardens & destroys the plastic.
- **NONE are designated POTABLE (for drinking water).
- 'Food Grade' does NOT mean Potable.
- Clean Food grade IBC's are ok for water transportation.


text: Constant bitterness can actually make a person ill, a new university study warned yesterday. Researchers who examined the link between failure, bitterness and quality of life found that blaming others could lead to physical disease. Prof Carsten Wrosch, of Montreal's Concordia University, said persistent bitterness can cause biological dysregulation- a physiological impairment that can affect metabolism, immune response or organ function and ultimately, a physical disease. Unlike regret, which is about self-blame, it points the finger elsewherelaying the blame for failure on external causes. He said bitterness could be avoided, if people who experience failure could find other ways to fulfill their goals. If they could not, it was essential to stop the fruitless effort such as trying to get promoted or saving a doomed marriage.


text:
Why Are Alcoholic Drinks Impure?
By: Ayatullah al-Uzma Shaykh Nasir Makarim Shirazi
& Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani
Question: Why have the Ulamah (learned) declared that alcoholic drinks are najis, whereas it cleans many things from the effects of contagious disease and kills many bacteria then what is the reason of it being impure?
Answer: Basically those things in Islam which are declared as najis have different reasons: From them some are najis due to their ingredients and because of them many disease take place (for example Urine and Blood) that is why Islam has considered them najis and instructed to refrain from them.
In the other sphere come those things, which are not apparently bad but are inertly bad and that is why Islam has stated them to be impure. For e.g. infidels - it is possible that a Kafir may be clean and tidy, as it is told in the answer of the seventeenth question that they are deviated according to faith; that is why he is impure on a spiritual basis, which cannot be removed by apparent cleanliness.
To safeguard the beliefs of Muslims, Islam has stated the infidels to be impure, that Muslims can be stopped from intermingling with them and save their spiritual cleanliness. If the infidels were not considered impure and it was allowed to intermingle with them it was possible that many people who do not have strong faith would have been impressed from their sayings and thinking.
Free intermingling with infidels would result in their penetrating into Islamic societies so restricting intercourse with them would protect the Muslims from any possible danger from them.
Thirdly are those things in which the above impurity is not there, but they are source to many social and personal problems for e.g. the alcoholic drinks.
It is correct that alcoholic drinks clean the contagious effect, but alcoholic drinks cause many evils. To stop those evils Islam has declared it impure. People would thus remain away from it, because it is natural that by not using something made from alcohol will creates hate towards it and this itself is war against alcoholic drinks.
 Very soon we will discuss about the impurity of infidels
 Whatever is said above is about alcoholic drinks, but as regards artificial alcohol being impure there is discussion between the scholars and Jurisprudents, because this type of alcohol is not generally meant for drinking, rather it is considered to be a poisonous substance.


text:
Unitary Method Problem
Date: 02/01/99 at 19:13:36 From: Tamara Subject: A Unitary Method Problem Runts come in a carton. There are 8 packages in one carton. There are 3 boxes in each package. If there are 170 runts in one box, how many runts are there in 6 cartons?
Date: 03/01/99 at 17:48:36 From: Doctor Swiss Subject: Re: A Unitary Method Problem This can be a difficult question to take in all at once. The best way to approach it is to break it down into steps. The first step is to notice how runts, boxes, packages, and cartons are related. It might help to draw a diagram, like this one: 170 runts/box --> 3 boxes/package --> 8 packages/carton --> 6 cartons Just so you know, by runt/box, we mean runts in a box. Now you can see how everything is related, and you can also see the steps that you have to take. Now to find out the number of runts in 6 cartons, it would help us to see how many packages are in 6 cartons. Why? Well, once we know the number of packages in 6 cartons, we can find out the number of boxes in 6 cartons, and finally the number of runts in 6 cartons. So now we are trying to find the number of packages in 6 cartons. We know the number of packages on 1 carton is 8. What if we had 2 cartons? Then we would have 8 cartons from the first package and 8 from the second, for a total of 8 + 8 = 16. Note that this is also 8 * 2 = 16 cartons. Try this for 3 cartons. I hope you can see the jump and figure out that there are 8 * 6 packages in 6 cartons. You can repeat this process to find that there are 3 * 8 * 6 boxes in 6 cartons. You need one more step to find the number of runts in 6 cartons. It turns out that this problem is just one big multiplication problem. Please write back if you need more help or have any more questions. Good luck, - Doctors Swiss, Teeple, and Stacey, The Math Forum _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
Ask Dr. MathTM
© _PHONE_ The Math Forum


Is there a form for reporting travel expenses?
Yes. The form is intended to help you claim your travel expenses. If your research institution requires you to use forms that are comparable in terms of content or even better suited to the specific travel activity for the project, you can continue to use these forms. However, the FWF project number must appear on this form.
Statement of travel expenses (pdf, 1.10MB)
What information must always be provided when reporting travel expenses?
The statements must clearly identify who travelled where, when and for what purpose. If this is not clear from the research institution's detailed list of expenses for projects conducted at university research institutions according to the Universities Act 2002 (UG 2002), additional information must be included with the statement (additional list by the principal investigator).
How do I find out how to calculate the travel expenses?
Please ask the finance/human resources department of your research institution for projects running at a research institution subject to the Universities Act 2002 (UG 2002).
Otherwise, the following applies (based on the federal regulations governing travel costs (RGV)):
The domestic rates of the RGV are:
Per diem allowance: €26.40 per day (Rate I), €19.80 per day (Rate II)
Overnight accommodation rate: €15.00
Rate I is used for trips lasting less than 30 days, and Rate II is used for trips starting on day 31.
The per diem allowances for international travel expenses can be downloaded as a PDF document.
Please pay attention to the following breakdown of the rate levels for work-related international travel:
Rate level 1: Non-academic staff
Rate level 2a: Mag./Dr./DI/research grant recipients
Rate level 2b: Academic title: Univ.-Ass./Univ.-Doz.
Rate level 3: Academic title: Univ.-Prof.
Federal Law Gazette on International Travel Rates (pdf, 102KB)
The kilometre allowance rates are:
Kilometre allowance: €0.42
Additional amount for passengers involved in the project: €0.05
The amounts apply for domestic and international travel. The audit department usually does not accept the kilometre allowance for trips along main railway routes but rather the analogous costs of a second-class train ticket.
Please be aware that no additional costs (such as motorway tolls, motorway tax stickers, parking fees, petrol receipts) may be counted towards your travel expenses. All costs incurred are covered by the lump sum paid per kilometre. Even in the case of small amounts, any expenses mistakenly submitted twice will be reclaimed by the FWF Audit department.
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Paradox of the Knowledge-Worker Age at a Translation Agency
Photo by Will Bostwick, are you coping in the knowledge-worker age? Is your productivity going up? Or are you feeling that things that used to be so simple are getting more complicated?
I catch myself thinking about these things sometimes, too. In this post, I describe some of the ways this paradox is affecting our translation agency.
Let's say I can save four hours by using a computer instead of doing the same work manually. While I save four hours, I will also need to spend additional time on "maintenance"; that is, making sure I am able to use the computer properly. This includes fixing technical problems, learning how to use the computer, and similar activities that result from the fact that using a computer is more complicated than manual work. These activities may add up to, say, two hours. I end up saving four hours and losing two hours. The good news is that after deducting the lost time, I am still "in the black."
But let's imagine that I am not fully efficient with the computer, as is the case with many people, and it takes me six hours to do the same work that I could supposedly do manually in four hours. And what about the stress of those "maintenance" activities? Since the knowledge-worker age tools are so complex and demanding, my stress level increases by using them. As a result, those two hours that I saved can easily be lost in procrastinating, as I find myself unable to do anything productive after work.
A more specific example might be e-mail. E-mail was supposed to make communication more efficient. While we became more efficient indeed, we also started to get more and more e-mails and are now spending more time writing, reading, replying to, and generally managing e-mails.
More Complicated by the Hour
A translation agency has to optimize its processes to remain competitive. We need more automation, more sophisticated tools, and more options. Yes, this increases efficiency. At the same time, the complexity of the processes goes up and so does the stress level.
Imagine that a translation agency receives a DOCX file for translation. The easiest way to process this file is to translate it directly in MS Office. But if the agency wants to be more efficient and competitive, it must use a CAT tool, or a translation memory program. Using a CAT tool undoubtedly has a lot of advantages to it, including efficiency, consistency, and ability to provide discounts to clients easily. At the same time, the entire process of running a translation business gets way more complicated:
Added Layers of Complexity
 1. The agency can't engage just any translator. Translators must now be proficient with a CAT tool. Finding a translator becomes more difficult.
 2. Managing a translation process with a CAT tool takes more time. Analyzing source files against a TM, maintaining and re-using glossaries, using correct translation memories—all of these things drain time and energy.
 3. Since using a CAT tool adds a major level of technical complexity to our business, we are inevitably going to have technical problems. Tools will malfunction. Users will work with incorrect settings and require technical support. Source files won't be accepted by the CAT tool. Translated files won't save, and so on.
 4. Simply using a CAT tool is one thing, but using it efficiently is quite another. Optimizing segmentation, removing superfluous tags, using keyboard shortcuts, etc., all add more sources of complexity.
 5. Because the entire translation process got more complicated, finding and training qualified employees becomes a challenge.
 6. As if the complexity were not frustrating enough, all the tools and processes keep changing rapidly (yes, for the sake of efficiency). As a result, people will never be 100% efficient, and most won't probably reach a 50% level. This is a source of never-ending frustration for them and for those around them.
With all the new technology that is supposed to be time-saving, we often end up having less time and higher stress, as the technical side of things drains time and brain power. This is why my goal as a business owner is to make sure that our processes—while efficient—are also as transparent and straightforward as possible.
Are you a technical person who is excited about the complexity that comes with efficiency? Or are you someone who thinks that life is becoming more complex, despite all the efficiencies?
If you liked this post, you may also enjoy my article about other challenges associated with translation as a profession.
 - Susan Welsh says:
 Where did you find this rare photo of a translator with a clean desk? 🙂
 - Good point, Susan :). Judging by the number of the monitors, I think this guy is a "crossover" between a translator and a trader. A translator often uses just one monitor, while a trader uses four or more :).
 Thank you for your comment.
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text:
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere.
- genus Melanitta
- common scoter
- Melanitta nigra
- sea duck
Words that Rhyme with Scooter
Example sentences of the word scooter
1. Noun, singular or mass
Pulling it will allow you to remove the kickstart from the side of your scooter.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a sailing vessel with runners and a cross-shaped frame; suitable for traveling over ice.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a motorboat resembling a motor scooter.
- sea scooter
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a wheeled vehicle with small wheels and a low-powered gasoline engine geared to the rear wheel.
- wheeled vehicle
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] child's two-wheeled vehicle operated by foot.