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Grain Corn Maturity and Yield Estimating
The grain corn crop in Manitoba should have completed the silking stage (R1) and moved on to the blister stage (R2), by now. Generally, the crop is behind "normal" for this time of year, but accumulated crop heat units are on par. It is safe to say that we can use some good rainfalls and high (but not too high) daily and overnight temperatures to move the crop along and enable the plant to fill grain in a timely manner. In 2019, the crop was wanting to start shutting down at this point and plants were very slow to fill grain completely before black layer.
Below is a quick review of the reproductive stages that Manitoba corn producers are currently working with:
Silking Stage (R1)
 - Silks are visible outside the husk
 - Silks are pollinated within 4 – 10 days after tassel emergence. Each silk is attached to an individual ovule, or potential kernel.
 - Pollen lands on a silk and germinates to produce pollen tube, which must grow down the entire length of the silk before fertilization can occur.
 - Good growing conditions are vital for successful silking and pollination.
Corn maturity 01
Figure 1. Corn at Silking Stage (R1)
Blister Stage (R2)
 - Kernels are white on the outside and resemble a blister in shape.
 - Starch is beginning to accumulate and the kernels are starting a period of rapid dry matter accumulation, lasting 30 – 40 days.
Corn maturity 02
Figure 2. Corn at Blistering Stage (R2)
Milk Stage (R3)
 - Kernels are yellow in colour and inner fluid is milky white, due to starch accumulation.
 - Grain filling and dry matter accumulation is still occurring at a rapid rate.
 - Kernel moisture is about 80%.
Corn maturity 03
Figure 3: Measurements for each reproductive stage of corn development and how a killing frost would affect yield at that stage.
Producers and agronomists should be assessing each grain corn field now for yield estimates. Now that pollination is complete, we have an excellent idea of how many kernels have been pollinated, and it looks like this year we did have great pollination, filling cobs to the tip.
The following is taken from Dr. R.L. (Bob) Nielsen on estimating corn grain yield prior to harvest. Dr. Nielsen has some excellent articles on corn production that are worth looking into. (
 1. At each estimation site, measure off a length of a single row equal to 1/1000th acre. For 30-inch (2.5 feet) rows, this equals 17.4 linear feet.
 TIP: For other row spacings, divide 43,560 by the row spacing (in feet) and then divide that result by 1000 (e.g., [43,560 / 2.5] / 1000 = 17.4 ft).
Corn maturity 04
Figure 4. Row length required to measure 1/1000th acre in various row widths – Ontario Grain Farmer (
 1. Count and record the number of ears on the plants in the 1/1000th acre of row that you deem to be harvestable.
 TIP: Do not count dropped ears or those on severely lodged plants unless you are confident that the combine header will be able to retrieve them.
 2. For every 5th ear in the sample row, record the number of complete kernel rows per ear and average number of kernels per row. Then multiply each ear's row number by its number of kernels per row to calculate the total number of kernels for each ear.
 TIPS: Do not sample nubbins or obviously odd ears, unless they fairly represent the sample area. If row number changes from butt to tip (e.g., pinched ears due to stress), estimate an average row number for the ear. Don't count the extreme butt or tip kernels, but rather begin and end where you perceive there are complete "rings" of kernels around the cob. Do not count aborted kernels. If kernel numbers per row are uneven among the rows of an ear, estimate an average value for kernel number per row.
 3. Calculate the average number of kernels per ear by summing the values for all the sampled ears and dividing by the number of ears.
 EXAMPLE: For five sample ears with 480, 500, 450, 600, and 525 kernels per ear, the average number of kernels per ear would equal:
 (480 + 500 + 450 + 600 + 525) divided by 5 = 511
 4. Estimate the yield for each site by multiplying the ear number (Step 2) by the average number of kernels per ear (Step 4) and then dividing that result by a kernel weight "fudge factor". Unless your seed company can provide some insight into kernel weight values for their hybrids, I suggest simply performing separate calculations using "fudge factor" kernel weight values equal to 75, 85, and 95. This range of values probably represents that most commonly experienced in the central Corn Belt.
Corn maturity 05
Figure 5. Grain corn yield estimate formula – Iowa State University (
Example: Let's say you counted 30 harvestable ears at the first thousandth-acre sampling site. Let's also assume that the average number of kernels per ear, based on sampling every 5th ear in the sampling row, was 511. Using "fudge factor" values of 75, 85, and 95; the estimated range in yield for that sampled site would (30 x 511) divided by 75 = 204, or divided by 85 = 180, or divided by 95 = 161 bushels per acre.
Repeat the procedure throughout field as many times as you deem representative. Tally and average the results separately for each "fudge factor" used for the calculations.
Remember that this year we have very uneven uniformity in most corn fields, which will influence the accuracy of any yield estimation technique. The less uniform the field, the greater the number of samples that should be taken to estimate yield for the field.
Article written by Morgan Cott, Agronomy Extension Specialist (Special Crops) with Manitoba Crop Alliance


text:
A "DisasterCam" for the ISS
June 27, 2012: Of all the hundreds of spacecraft and satellites in Earth orbit, few can match the International Space Station for its view of the big blue marble below. Scientists would like to put that spectacular view to good use – by having the ISS photograph disasters, both natural and manmade, in progress on the Earth below.
Thanks to a collaboration between the NASA/USAID program known as SERVIR within NASA's Applied Sciences Program, and NASA's ISS program, the station will be outfitted with a new instrument – part of a system called ISERV1 – and equipped with a prototype automated camera which could image areas threatened by floods, landslides, forest fires, or other disasters.
At this point, ISERV is specifically intended to help scientists gain the experience and expertise to deploy an operational system in the future, and to inform its design. Ideally, a future operational system, and perhaps ISERV Pathfinder itself, will be able to monitor Earthly disasters.
"Let's assume an earthen dam gives way in Bhutan," says Burgess Howell, a science lead for SERVIR. "With an instrument like Pathfinder, we could show disaster officials where the bridge is out, for example, or the hospital is gone, the road washed out, or the power substation inundated. We could also estimate the number and location of structures destroyed and the amount of agricultural land affected. All of this information is critical to focus and speed rescue efforts."
ISERV's Pathfinder camera will be installed this summer in the ISS Destiny module, with a view through its 20-inch Earth-facing window. Pathfinder's special software knows where the space station is at each moment as well as its attitude, direction, and path. With this information it calculates the next chance to view a particular area. If there's a good viewing opportunity, the SERVIR team will send instructions to the camera. Pathfinder will take a series of high-resolution photographs of the area at 7 frames per second for 6 to 8 seconds, totaling 40-60 images per pass.
"The camera's nominal resolution is 2.8 meters. That's about the size of a cow, although we may be able to sense the presence of smaller targets, down to the size of a person."
An operational system with Pathfinder's optical characteristics could, in many cases, acquire near-real-time images of areas on the ground and transmit them within hours of the event.
"In ideal conditions, the party requesting the data could receive them within 3 hours," says Howell. "But in some cases, because of the station's varying orbit, it might be 3 days before a viewing opportunity arises. Even then the data could be used to analyze environmental changes the disaster causes, and this is vital information."
SERVIR is a Spanish acronym meaning "to serve." Also known as the Regional Visualization and Monitoring System, the program serves by providing satellite data and tools to environmental decision makers in developing countries. ISERV, short for ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System, is the program's first exclusive space asset.
Howell expects to acquire valuable information about how a more capable future system2 might operate –a system that would be mounted outside the space station and equipped with more and better instruments.
"By going outdoors and removing the physical and optical constraints of looking through a window, the sensors would be able to'see' all the way to edge of the Earth, and with much greater spectral range. The glass in Destiny's window can diminish the incoming energy and is opaque to some of the wavelengths of energy of primary interest to Earth science."
Once its primary mission is satisfied, the current system could be used to acquire image data for general use. At first, these data would be used only by SERVIR and its hubs in East Africa and the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region. After proving itself, ISERV could then be made available for the entire NASA science community and possibly other entities.
The SERVIR team is excited about ISERV's potential to help people on Earth. Howell is eager to learn, through ISERV, more about how to use this kind of system so they can do it even better in the future.
ISERV is targeted to launch to the space station in July and will be one of the least expensive long-term operating payloads ever to ride on the space station.
But the return, in the long run, could be priceless.
Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville manages the program for NASA.
See _URL_ more information about SERVIR.
(1) The system will go in the Window Observational Research Facility (WORF) adjacent to the Destiny module window. WORF is the modified EXPRESS rack that facilitates access to the window. It provides an enclosed light-safe volume, a payload support shelf, access to the controller for the external Destiny window shutter, and access to ISS power and communication systems. Before WORF was installed, astronauts' favorite perch for Earth-gazing was this optical quality window, which boasts the highest quality optics ever flown on a human-occupied spacecraft. Astronauts Tom Jones and Marsha Ivins said it was so clear on orbit they felt they could fall through it like it wasn't there.(2) "First, we would like to have a better imager that could be substituted into the present system. We want an instrument that would give us access to the near infrared so we can see changes in vegetation – this could tell volumes about the state of vegetation such as forests, crops, and even near-surface vegetation in bodies of water. Ultimately, I'd like to see an external array consisting of three instruments -- two collocated hyperspectral pushbroom sensors (one for visible/near infrared; one for mid infrared) on a pointable mount, and a passive microwave array. Together, these three instruments could, for instance, facilitate estimates of biomass quantity and moisture content, which would allow us to determine available fuel loads for forest fires. They would also let us examine atmospheric aerosols and particulates, and even estimate hurricane wind speeds over water."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Deep Earth Energy Production releases FEED report and feasibility study
Deep Earth Energy Production Corp. has successfully completed the front-end engineering and design (FEED) with a corresponding feasibility study and report on its first geothermal power facility in southeast Saskatchewan.
Deep Earth pic
File photo by Brian Zinchuk
A Canadian first, the facility's nominal output is expected to be 32 megawatts (MW) and will produce up to 33.4 MW net power during the winter and a minimum of 20 MW net power during summer, due to seasonal variability in the output of the air cooled binary power plant (lower ambient air temperatures result in higher geothermal power production).
Future construction phases have the capacity to increase power outputs to 160 MW during the winter. Engineering services were provided by Enerpro Engineering Inc. GeothermEx (a
Schlumberger Company) is completing a full review of the FEED and Feasibility study.
Total capital costs for the first facility came within the target range and are estimated at approximately C$8 million per MW. The report details the capital costs and project schedule, highlighting a startup date of Jan. 1, 2024. Costs are expected to be driven down further based on: operational learnings and economies of scale in drilling, manufacturing and construction. Compared to wind or solar, geothermal capital costs are higher, but the non-intermittent (24/7 baseload) characteristic of geothermal creates attractive revenues, offsetting the higher upfront costs.
This facility will eliminate approximately 155,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide (tCO2) from the atmosphere each year, the equivalent to removing 34,000 cars off the road every year. For every one MW of clean geothermal energy produced, approximately 1,200 homes can be removed from non-renewable power generation sources.
Geothermal projects are not exposed to rising non-renewable fuel costs and carbon pricing. Using a carbon tax rate of C$65 per tonne of CO2 for 2023 and beyond for the DEEP geothermal project, DEEP says the taxpayers of Saskatchewan will be paying C$10 million less in carbon tax per year (155,000 tCO2/year x CAN$65/tCO2).
This is a big win for Saskatchewan.
The DEEP geothermal power facility will generate power from hot (120-125 C) water produced from open hole "barefoot" horizontal wells drilled into the Deadwood Formation (the deepest sedimentary unit in the Williston Basin). The ORC technology converts heat from these fluids by passing the geothermal fluid through a heat exchanger to transfer its heat to the organic working fluid, which vaporizes and expands through a turbine, generating power.
The working fluid is condensed and reused continuously in a closed loop. After passing through the heat exchanger, the geothermal fluids are re-injected back into the reservoir in locations that are suitably distant from the production wells to sweep more heat from the reservoir over time.
The well field will be completed with 10 horizontal production wells and 8 horizontal injection wells drilled to a vertical depth of approximately 3,500 metres. Each well will have a horizontal length of 3,000-4,000 metres, resulting in a total well bore length of approximately 7,000 metres.
The well pairs will be separated by 750 metres. Each production well will be installed with a down-hole electric submersible pump (ESP). This arrangement is designed to meet the specified target flow rate, minimize capital costs, maintain reservoir pressure and enable heat sweeps.
This globally unique "ribcage" geothermal well field arrangement has been adapted from conventional oilfield design and completion practices and is being advanced by local, world-class oilfield expertise.
This is helping to redeploy a highly skilled workforce into a new clean energy sector for Canada.
Approximately 250,000 person hours of work will be required for the drilling and completions alone, with an additional 130,000 person hours being added during project construction. Essentially, thousands of new jobs will be created by this project in southeast Saskatchewan and across the Canadian prairies. DEEP's geothermal project design could prove to be transformative in deep sedimentary basins around the world, providing a compelling example of how oil and gas technology and people can support the development of clean baseload power.
"We are taking the "best of both industries" by merging highly skilled oil and gas expertise with specialized geothermal reservoir and power generation expertise," said Kirsten Marcia, DEEP president and CEO.
To further reduce GHG emissions, DEEP will use the stranded flare/vent gas that is associated with local oil and gas infrastructure to supply the necessary power for ORC facility loads, mostly pumping power. At nearby oilwells, flare gas is burned as a waste product because the cost to collect it is not economically viable. This waste gas produces GHG emissions into the atmosphere.
Utilizing this otherwise wasted flare gas to power the pumping requirements, and using modern carbon capturing and sequestering technology can power DEEPs pumps and capture an additional 60,000 tonnes of CO2 annually that would otherwise be flared and wasted.
This will also provide the oil producers in the area that are supplying the flare/vent gas real relief from rising carbon taxes, making their operations more environmentally and economically sustainable.
DEEP has a signed memorandum of understanding with a midstream company in the area to secure a long-term feedstock supply of flare/vent gas to power the facility's parasitic power requirements.
DEEP is also considering CO2 sequestration opportunities for other producers and CO2 emitters in the area by using its previously drilled test wells and transferring the carbon credits to those producers to aid in methane and CO2 reduction from oilfield operations. This will provide additional reductions of CO2 emissions in Saskatchewan and provide stability to the royalty generating producers.
In addition to power generation, there are many strategic direct use geothermal heating opportunities currently being explored. Major greenhouse developments can support research into diverse high-value crops to increase farm profitability and also supply locally grown produce. As Canada looks to close offshore open-net salmon farms in British Columbia, there are new opportunities for aquaculture operations and infrastructure in Saskatchewan using geothermal heating.
There is also capacity for a specialized manufacturing, storage and distribution hub. These would all provide major long-term local employment opportunities and address national food or supply chain security concerns. Heat would be sold to these end users with no carbon tax and no commodity price risk.
DEEP's vision to build 100-160 MW of geothermal power and direct heating infrastructure will be what it projects to be a new, green C$1 billion industry for southeast Saskatchewan.


TigerSharks 2011.jpg
Origin Unknown
Weapons & Accessories
Weapons Unknown
Voice Actor
Voiced by None
Character Guide
Page List of all characters
TigerSharks are species of humanoid fish-like creatures. These aquatic creatures have have human-like face and body structure but they also have fins and stripes on their bodies like tiger sharks.
The true origins of these beings remain a mystery. Many hundreds of years ago, the TigerSharks were one of the many animal species that were enslaved by Mumm-Ra, the Ever-Living, an evil undead sorcerer who desired universal control. Mumm-Ra had imprisoned all these animal species aboard his massive spaceship and used them for one purpose only - to search for the Power Stones that would endow him with unlimited power.
Each animal specie was assigned a different area to scour on the various planets. Terrestrial animals like Dogs and Lizards would search the lands, while the Birds would explore the skies. Due to their aquatic nature and agility underwater, the TigerSharks were entrusted with the task of searching the various water bodies for the stones.
After Mumm-Ra's two most trusted commanders, Leo and Panthera overthrew their evil master, their spaceship crashed on Third Earth. The TigerSharks were not seen after the crash, but it is likely that like all the other animals, they too settled on the planet. While there is no direct evidence for this, it is possible that the Fishmen might be descendants of the TigerSharks.
ThunderCats 2011 Bullet Point.png Appearances[edit | edit source]
07. Legacy
ThunderCats 2011 Bullet Point.png Trivia[edit | edit source]
 - According to Dan Norton, the Tigersharks would have appeared in an episode in Season 2.


text:
Automatic and social effects on accommodation in monolingual and bilingual speech
Enzinna, Naomi Ruth
This dissertation investigates the automatic and social mechanisms underlying accommodation, and how these mechanisms influence the time-course of accommodation. In particular, I examine whether accommodation occurs for reasons related to social factors (e.g., affiliation) or whether accommodation occurs automatically (e.g. recency, novelty)—and how these automatic and social factors influence accommodation at various points both within an interaction and after. The social dimensions of accommodation are addressed by examining accommodation in monolingual and bilingual speech. Specifically, I test whether monolingual and/or bilingual participants converge more with either a monolingual or bilingual model talker, and whether a participant's speech community influences whether they accommodate to a model talker. To investigate these questions, participants completed a referential communication task with two pre-recorded model talkers: an English monolingual model talker and a Spanish-English bilingual model talker. The participants themselves were either English monolinguals or Spanish-English bilinguals, from either a majority monolingual community (Ithaca, NY: 7.1% Hispanic/Latinx) or a majority bilingual community (Miami, FL: 68.6% Hispanic/Latinx) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017b, 2017a). Thus, there were four participant groups: English monolinguals from Ithaca (M-Ithaca), Spanish-English bilinguals from Ithaca (B-Ithaca), English monolinguals from Miami (M-Miami), and Spanish-English bilinguals from Miami (B-Miami). In order to address the time-course of accommodation, each participant interacted with each model talker one-at-a-time, and those interactions were divided into four blocks. Changes in accommodation were then examined by block. During the experimental task, model talkers asked participants about words on a game board. The words on the boards appeared in pairs, containing both a prime word and a target word. The target words included the dependent variable, Voice Onset Time (VOT) in voiceless stops in English. VOT was selected because it differs in English and Spanish: English has long-lag VOTs at the beginning of a stressed syllable, where Spanish has short-lag VOTs. Half of the prime words contained the dependent variable, creating a priming condition, and half of the prime words did not, creating a non-priming condition. Using these methods, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 addressed the following two questions: (1) Is accommodation automatic and/or socially-modulated? (2) Does accommodation increase during a priming condition? If so, does priming interact with automatic and social factors? Experiment 2 addressed the following two questions: (1) What is the time-course of accommodation? Specifically, how quickly do participants accommodate to a model talker, and how long does accommodation last within an interaction? (2) Will the most-recent, previous interaction influence accommodation during the following interaction? The results of Experiment 1 provide evidence that accommodation is both automatic and socially-modulated. All participant groups produced longer VOTs with the monolingual model talker and shorter VOTs with the bilingual model talker, indicating that all participants automatically adjusted their speech to accommodate to both model talkers. Additionally, participants accommodated to model talkers when primed by speech that is not common in their speech community. For example, participants from the monolingual community (B-Ithaca, M-Ithaca) produced shorter VOTs when primed by the bilingual model talker. Thus, participants automatically accommodated to speech that is novel to them. Accommodation was also influenced by social factors. Specifically, bilinguals from the monolingual community (B-Ithaca) produced the longest VOTs with the monolingual model talker, and monolinguals from the bilingual community (M-Miami) produced the shortest VOTs with the bilingual model talker. In both cases, the model talker did not share the same linguistic background as the participant group but did share the same linguistic background as the majority population in their speech community. Thus, a need to affiliate with their speech community, as linguistic outsiders in their speech community, led B-Ithaca and M-Miami to converge more with the monolingual and bilingual model talkers, respectively. Experiment 2 examines the time-course of social and automatic accommodation. The results provide evidence that socially-motivated accommodation is more persistent (i.e., longer-lasting) than accommodation that occurs due to automatic causes. Specifically, automatic effects found in Experiment 1 occurred in earlier blocks of an interaction, while social effects occurred in later blocks. Also, social factors (e.g., affiliation) related to the most-recent, previous interaction with a model talker influenced participants' accommodation to a different model talker in the following interaction. For example, participants from the bilingual community (M-Miami, B-Miami) who interacted with the bilingual model talker first produced shorter VOTs when interacting with the monolingual model talker afterward. Thus, the time-course for socially-motivated accommodation is longer than the time-course for automatic accommodation. As such, socially-motivated accommodation is more likely to lead to long-term accommodation and, ultimately, language change.
accommodation; English monolingual; Spanish-English bilingual; speech community; voice onset time; VOT; Linguistics
Cohn, Abigail C.; Tilsen, Samuel; Huffman, Marie
Ph. D., Linguistics
Doctor of Philosophy
dissertation or thesis

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Our Birds - Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
Our Animals > Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
The Plymouth Rock, often called simply Rocks or Barred Rocks (after their most popular color), is a chicken breed that originated in the United States. The Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose, cold-hardy bird and therefore makes a great breed for the small farm or backyard flock owner. These chickens are often called Plymouth Rocks, but this title correctly belongs to the entire breed, not just the Barred variety. There are seven varieties of Plymouth Rock chickens: barred, blue, buff, Columbian, partridge, silver-penciled and white.
The Plymouth Rock was developed in New England in the middle of the 19th century and was first exhibited as a breed in 1869. Several individuals claimed its invention, using crosses of Dominiques, Black Javas, Cochins, and perhaps Malays and Dorkings. John C. Bennett (_PHONE_) has been credited with either creating or popularizing the breed. Plymouth Rocks were bred as a dual-purpose fowl, meaning that they were valued both for their meat and for the hens' egg-laying ability. The first Plymouth Rock was barred and other varieties were developed later. The breed became popular very rapidly, and in fact, until World War II, no breed was ever kept and bred as extensively in the United States as the Barred Plymouth Rock. Its popularity came from its qualities as an outstanding farm chicken: hardiness, docility, broodiness, and excellent production of both eggs and meat.
Most of the other varieties were developed from crosses containing some of the same ancestral background as the barred variety. Early in its development, the name Plymouth Rock implied a barred bird, but as more varieties were developed, it became the designation for the breed. The Barred Plymouth Rock was one of the foundation breeds for the broiler industry in the 1920s, and the White Rock continues to be used as the female side of the commercial broiler cross.
Plymouth Rocks are large, long-lived chickens. Some varieties are good layers while others are bred principally for meat. They possess a long, broad back; a moderately deep, full breast; and yellow skin and legs. The hens have a deep, full abdomen, which is a sign of a good layer. The face of a Plymouth Rock is red with red ear lobes, a bright yellow beak, bay-colored eyes, and a single comb of moderate size. Their feathers are fairly loosely held but not so long as to easily tangle.
Generally, Plymouth Rocks are not aggressive, and tame quite easily. They are docile and may show broodiness. The hens usually make good mothers. However, some males and females are big and active enough to be quite a problem if they become aggressive.
Breeders should be aware of the standard weights and not select small or narrow birds for the breeding pen. Common faults include a shallow breast, high tails, narrow bodies and small size. Friendly and curious.


text:
Thermal acclimation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) taken from 20°C to 7°C resulted in adaptation of mitochondrial function, as evidenced by increases in the specific activities of NADH‐ and succinate‐cytochrome c reductase of 1.93‐ and 2.7‐fold respectively. Mitochondria from both gill and liver obeyed the Boyle‐van't Hoff relationship in the range from 400 to 60 mosM. Thermal acclimation had no effect on the osmotic properties of liver mitochondria, whereas gill mitochondria from cold‐acclimated trout were more sensitive to osmotic swelling than mitochondria from warm‐acclimated individuals. The non‐electrolyte permeability of liver mitochondria was assessed by optically monitoring mitochondrial swelling rates in isosmotic solutions of urea, glycerol, mannitol and glucose. Two parameters of mitochondrial swelling were determined: (a) initial swelling rates, d(1/A)dt, and (b) swelling constants, ks, derived from the time required to swell a fixed volume. Regardless of the assay temperature or the permeant employed, liver mitochondria from cold‐acclimated trout exhibited greater initial swelling rates than mitochondria from warm‐acclimated trout, indicating properties of temperature‐compensated permeability. The apparent ranking of nonelectrolyte permeabilities was urea > glycerol > mannitol > glucose. ks values for urea and glycerol from cold‐acclimated trout were greater than values typical of warm‐acclimated populations; however ks values for glucose and mannitol were not influenced by thermal acclimation. Regardless of the permeant considered, activation energies for ks values were 3‐ to 5‐fold greater than those for initial swelling rates. The time course of mitochondrial swelling consists of two components, an initial rapid swelling phase characterized by a half life of 3–12 seconds, and a slower swelling phase characterized by a half life of 1–6 minutes. Initial swelling rates, which approximate the rapid swelling component, are considered to be the least ambiguous index of permeability, whereas ks values are more complex and strongly influenced by the slower swelling component.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Animal Science and Zoology


text:
The following files contain configuration settings for Pentaho Analysis cache frameworks. All of them are in the same directory inside of the deployed pentaho.war: /WEB-INF/classes/.
- pentaho-analysis-config.xml Defines the global behavior of the Pentaho Analysis Enterprise Edition plugin. Settings in this file enable you to define which segment cache configuration to use, and to turn off the segment cache altogether.
- infinispan-config.xml The InfinispanSegmentCache settings file. It configures the Infinispan system.
- jgroups-udp.xml Configures the cluster backing the Infinispan cache. It defines how the nodes find each other and how they communicate. By default, Pentaho uses UDP and multicast discovery, which enables you to run many instances on a single machine or many instances on many machines. (There are examples of other communication setups included in the JAR archive.) This file is referenced by infinispan as specified in the infinispan-config.xml configuration file.
- memcached-config.xml Configures the Memcached-based segment cache. It is not used by default. To enable it, modify SEGMENT_CACHE_IMPL in pentaho-analysis-config.xml.


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Print the stencil and use it to trace the ostrich beak and feet onto yellow foam sheet. Use scissors to cut out the beak and feet. Press the foam ball onto the end of the duster. Glue googly eyes onto the front of the foam ball.
With an adult's help, use scissors to cut a groove into the foam ball just below the eyes. Put a bit of glue into the groove and press the wide edge of the beak into the groove. Wrap one end of the yellow chenille stem to the top of both legs and use the other end to attach it to the bottom of the duster.
Your ostrich is ready to go!


Censoring Evolution is Not the Answer - Evolution News & Views
Evolution News and Views
Censoring Evolution is Not the Answer
According to a report from the Montreal (CA) Gazette some parents in the Quebec town of Salluit don't want their children learning about evolution.
Alexandre April, who teaches French and physical science to students in Grades 7 and 8, said he was told repeatedly by the principal to stop teaching evolution, for fear of hurting their students' religious beliefs.
I suspect that the parents are more concerned that their students are being taught evolution dogmatically, without any exposure to the science that challenges it. The way to avoid these kind of problems of course is to teach the scientific evidence for evolution, as well as the sceintific evidence against it. Were they to teach evolution critically, students would be more interested, and the parents would probably stop complaining.


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Binzhou, China (PRWEB) July 04, 2014
Huahai Vitiligo Hospital published twelve texts in 2014 to detail major breakthroughs in the treatment of vitiligo. These breakthroughs are the result of combining the practices of both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Huahai Vitiligo Hospital believes that receiving proper vitiligo treatment is now a world-wide issue, due to the steady increase in reported cases. Because traditional approaches alone historically have not delivered a successful treatment method, Huahai has combined elements of modern medicine with traditional Chinese medicines to provide a holistic, successful cure for vitiligo.
Due to the imminent demand for innovative vitiligo treatment, the Huahai Vitiligo Hospital has published twelve medical texts this year to detail their holistic approach. These publications include, The Research of Vitiligo, New Theory of Vitiligo, The Vitiligo Therapeutics, The Treatment and Nursing of Vitiligo and Vitiligo Nutrition. These books are the result of 20 plus years of research completed by Dr. Cheng Aihua and her scientific research team.
Dr. Cheng Aihua, a renowned scientific researcher and the director of Huahai Vitiligo Hospital explains, "These works cover everything from vitiligo pathogenesis research to theories of new technological developments, from effective clinical and psychological nursing methods to supplemental diet research. These works provide complete, thorough and systematic vitiligo treatment options. We have mastered vitiligo occurrence, development patterns, and a holistic treatment philosophy, which marks the end of vitiligo being considered an incurable condition."
Dr. Cheng Aihua is celebrated for her expertise in traditional Chinese medicine. She has been engaged in vitiligo research for 30 years, which qualifies her rich experience in the theory and diagnosis of vitiligo. She famously formulated the theory "Black and White Cured Together", which is now an industry standard for treating vitiligo. This technique marked a major breakthrough in eliminating or isolating the cause of vitiligo, controlling its development and activating pigment regeneration. Her research signifies the end of vitiligo being deemed incurable, and thus begins new era for modern medicine. This technology has already benefited over a hundred thousand patients worldwide. Dr. Cheng Aihua is considered the highest level authority in the scientific research of vitiligo treatment.
These twelve new research based works integrate both practicability and science; they represent the forefront of vitiligo research. These texts detail new results, technology and methods, and incorporate both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine to accurately treat vitiligo.
About Huahai Vitiligo Hospital
Huahai Vitiligo Hospital is based in Binzhou, China and is supported by the United Nations as a scientific demonstration base for the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo. This organization implements the newest technology of "BWCT", which has successfully cured thousands vitiligo patients. Huahai's information is translated into more than 100 languages. Their mission is to provide services to vitiligo patients worldwide.


on April 01, 2021 Human Resources Employee Benefits Employee Engagement
What is the Value of Investment for Your Wellness Program?
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Wellness programs promote healthy behaviors to boost employees' overall health and create a more positive working environment. These employer programs provide employees with tools to support them on their wellbeing journey.
However, the executive team might be curious about whether an employee wellness program is even worth the investment for your company.
Employers continually recognize that workplace conditions impact an employee's wellbeing, for better or worse. Wellbeing brings positive changes to overall health, including physical, mental and emotional levels.
Employees with lower wellbeing can be the significant burden of healthcare costs, resulting in loss of productivity for their employer. To measure their return on investment (ROI), employers can look at their medical cost savings. However, they should instead look at their value on investment (VOI) to get a larger picture.
What is the difference between ROI and VOI? What does it mean for a workplace wellness program? How will it ultimately improve employee health?
A return on investment is a number that reflects an employer's monetized claims savings. It will directly measure costs of providing a benefits plan. It then directly compares the costs to the healthcare savings over time.
A more holistic indicator that measures the impact of wellness programs is the value on investment. This takes many factors into account besides mere monetary values. To measure value on investment, employers can look at specific qualitative attributes such as morale, engagement, positivity, retention and recruitment.
Download Now: Measure Wellbeing with an Executive Scorecard
Retention and Recruitment
Retention and recruitment are simpler to measure than the other attributes. If your workplace has a high turnover, this might indicate that your employer does not value wellbeing.
Likewise, it's not a good sign if your employer struggles to recruit valuable talent. While neither of these relates directly to employee wellbeing, it's known that workplaces that promote wellbeing attract and retain talent
The direct effects that wellness has on recruitment and retention may not be considered under ROI, but it will affect your bottom line.
Morale, Engagement, and Positivity
A workplace's morale, employee engagement and positivity attributes can be a little trickier to judge. Cost of training new employees can be calculated, but employee engagement is more difficult to quantify.
Low employee engagement can lead to some costs, like 70% more safety incidents and 40% quality defects. A wellness program will lead to fewer distractions and a more resilient employee population.
Once your workplace fosters a positive working environment to keep your employees engaged, then you will begin to see the value of a wellness program. A combination of physical wellness and mental health focus will improve health while benefiting the work environment.
Finally, collect data on what these programs mean to your employees. To get direct feedback on morale, utilize an HR communications tool to send out quick and easy surveys checking in on employees and their wellness levels.
Learn How Total Compensation Statements Can Communicate Your Wellness Programs
Sydnie Kerr
Customer Content Manager
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Infographic: Where in the World Do Chinese People Live?
Nearly 23% of humanity is Chinese. Click to download a high-resolution PDF of TLD Registry's "Where do Chinese people live?" infographic.There are approximately 50 million ethnic Chinese people living outside of China's mainland, which itself is home to nearly 1.4 billion Chinese. Ethnic Chinese people comprise 3.7% of the world's population beyond China's borders. Most of these consumers read, write and speak Chinese.
Chinese language domain names can be an exceptionally powerful and cost-effective way of promoting your product, service or message in Chinese language communities. Chinese language domain names are culturally relevant, linguistically correct, and commercially attractive. They can substantially enhance your SEO and positively influence an audience of global consumers.
In the current "expansion of the internet" new gTLD program, in which several thousand new top-level domains (TLDs) are coming on line, the world's biggest-selling1 non-English new gTLD domain names are in Dot Chinese Online (.在线) and Dot Chinese Website (.中文网).
New York City contains the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, totaling 682,265 individuals, per the 2010 United States Census. There are at least nine different Chinatown communities in New York State alone.
The Chinatown in San Francisco, California, is the oldest Chinatown in North America and also one of the largest Chinese communities outside of Asia. Two other cities in California have significant Chinese populations: Los Angeles with more than 66,782 ethnic Chinese and San Jose with 63,434 ethnic Chinese.
Chicago's Chinatown is on the Windy City's South Side and is home to more than 70,000 Chinese people. Honolulu is home to more than 40,000 Chinese, and its Chinatown Historic District is one of the oldest Chinatowns in the United States.
Canada contains two important Chinatowns: Vancouver and Toronto. Vancouver's Chinatown is the largest in Canada. It is a popular tourist attraction and one of the largest historic Chinatowns on the continent. There are approximately 400,000 ethnic Chinese in the city, comprising 17% of the Vancouver Metropolitan Area's population.
Approximately 279,000 ethnic Chinese live in Toronto, comprising 10.8% of the total population. Toronto's Chinatown is now one of the largest Chinatowns in North America and one of several major Chinese-Canadian communities in the Greater Toronto Area.
Chinatowns in Asia
The largest Chinatown in Asia is in Yokohama Japan, just south of Tokyo, which is one of the largest Chinatowns in the world. There are approximately 675,000 ethnic Chinese currently living in Japan.
The Binondo district in Manila, the Philippines, is the oldest Chinatown in the world. There are over 1.1 million ethnic Chinese living in the Philippines today.
At night, Bangkok, Thailand's Chinatown resembles 1960s Hong Kong. It's been this way for some 200 years, since the capital's Chinese community moved here from the spot where the Grand Palace is now located. There are more than 9.3 million ethnic Chinese living in Thailand.
In Singapore, three out of every four people are ethnic Chinese, totaling more than 4 million of the island's 5.5 million people.
Indonesia is home to over 8.8 million ethnic Chinese. It is considered the biggest Chinatown in Indonesia, as a majority of local traders are of Chinese descent. There are 6.69 million ethnic Chinese in Malaysia.
Chinatowns in Australia
Sydney's Chinatown is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district and is Australia's largest Chinatown. There are 350,000 ethnic Chinese in Sydney, comprising 7.9% of the city's population.
Melbourne's Chinatown is the oldest Chinatown in Australia, the oldest continuous Chinese settlement in Australia, and the longest continuously running Chinatown outside of Asia. There are 260,000 ethnic Chinese in Melbourne, comprising 6.5% of the city's population.
Chinatowns in Europe
London, UK Chinatown is located in the busy center of London, attracting 300,000 people for the Lunar New Year celebrations. Chinatown in Manchester, England is the second largest Chinatown in the United Kingdom and the third largest in Europe. There are approximately 13,600 ethnic Chinese living in Manchester, although this number is said to double when including the large number of Chinese students who attend the local universities.
The Chinatown in Liverpool, England is home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe. According to a 2011 estimate by the UK census, 1.7% of Liverpool's population is of full Chinese descent (nearly 8,000 people), which makes ethnic Chinese the city's single largest non-White ethnic group.
Paris, France has several Chinatowns, the largest being located in the 13th arrondissement (13th district). Parisian Chinatown represents a massive implantation of Asian communities. "Avenue de Choisy" and Avenue d'Ivry" down to the "Porte d'Ivry" (Gate of Ivry) and the immediate surrounding suburbs (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre) are its principal axis. It is populated by nearly 50,000 Chinese, Vietnamese and Laotian nationals.
Chinatowns in Africa
South Africa is home to the largest ethnic Chinese community on the continent. Most of the 350,000 ethnic Chinese in South Africa live in the country's largest city, Johannesburg.
Globally relevant
The Chinese consumer base is global and relevant to your business. Every one of these Chinatowns have not only become vibrant Chinese enclaves, but have impacted the communities, the cities, and the world around them. It's time to take note. Take the first step to grow your business worldwide: invest in Chinese domain names.
1 According to namestat.org's report on "Biggest Selling Internationalized Domain Names" 26 September 2014
By Dot Chinese Online & Dot Chinese Website, The essential new Chinese TLDs – Dot Chinese Online (.在线) & Dot Chinese Website (.中文网) are the essential new Chinese TLDs. Visit Page
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Is GAUSS valid for Scrabble? Words With Friends? Other games?!
Definitions of GAUSS in various dictionaries:
- noun - a unit of magnetic flux density equal to 1 maxwell per square centimeter
- noun - German mathematician who developed the theory of numbers and who applied mathematics to electricity and magnetism and astronomy and geodesy (_PHONE_)
- The centimeter-gramsecond unit of magnetic induction, equal to one maxwell per square centimeter.
- noun - a unit of magnetic induction
There are 5 letters in GAUSS: A G S S U
Scrabble results that can be created with an extra letter added to GAUSS
To search all scrabble anagrams of GAUSS, to go: GAUSS?
Rearrange the letters in GAUSS and see some winning combinations
Contextual use of GAUSS
What's nearby GAUSS
Lookup in Wiki for GAUSS
Anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like Scrabble, Lexulous, WordFeud, Letterpress, Ruzzle, Hangman and so forth. We maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there. To be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible, but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills, spelling, counting and probability analysis. Make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site. Explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools, flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player. This page covers all aspects of GAUSS, do not miss the additional links under "More about: GAUSS"


Exports Overview
Data Exports provide administrators with a tool to extract data from the system. It is a tool that exports data, it is not a report building tool, formatting for the overall report, headers, etc, are not included with the functionality. This tool is also used to create carrier files in the requested format, either HIPAA 834 or proprietary layout.
Data Exports allow administrators to quickly get data into an Excel spreadsheet, then Excel functionality can be used to format the data as desired. Data Exports can be grouped into Categories, which can help keep similar exports together, keep important exports separated (which helps reduce the risk of accidental changes or deletion), and keep test exports separated from production exports. Categories can easily be created by the administrator and exports can easily be assigned to categories, including changing the assigned category.
There are also some pre-configured exports, which provide the administrator a starting point with a single click of the mouse. These are called Quick Excel Exports. There are examples provided in the Appendices at the end of this document.
**Users that have access to the Enterprise Portal are able to copy exports across accounts reducing the need to re-build the same export in a different account.**
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The Story of Wales: Dr Sara Elin Roberts on Hywel Dda's laws
Image of manuscript The laws are set down in forty 13th century manuscripts written in Latin and medieval Welsh
Related Stories
If you imagined compensation culture was a peculiarly modern idea, think again.
The idea of claiming damages for injuries received was a central thread running through the laws of a king who ruled over most of Wales some 1,000 years ago.
By about AD942 Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) reigned over an area of Wales stretching from Prestatyn in the north to Pembroke in the south.
A descendant of the early Welsh king Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great), his legacy was a set of laws which lasted until the mid-1500s.
As modern day legal historian Dr Sara Elin Roberts explains in episode two of BBC Wales' landmark history series The Story of Wales, the laws reflect the perhaps unexpected sophistication of early Welsh society.
And, as she explains off-camera, seen from a distance of many centuries after they were drafted they are also on occasion delightfully quirky.
Start Quote
You often hear the term compensation culture these days... well, this is what you have in medieval Wales"
End Quote Dr Sara Elin Roberts Legal historian
The laws set the value of a lawyer's tongue, lay down a person's right to compensation in the event that they are sold a dodgy ox, and outline the punishment a woman might expect for hiding her lack of chastity from her husband-to-be.
'Very modern'
Dr Roberts has spent much of her career studying 13th Century copies of the laws, which are set down in a mixture of Latin and medieval Welsh in around 40 manuscripts housed at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth.
"They deal with the king, they deal with peasants and their rights - people's rights - injury, compensation for injury, homicide, theft, arson. You name it," she said.
Dr Roberts describes them as very modern in their attitude to crime and punishment.
"You often hear the term compensation culture these days. Well, this is what you have in medieval Wales.
"Rather than physical punishments - whipping, hanging, eye-for-an-eye and all of that, what you have is compensation.
Image from Hywel Dda's law manuscript The king himself is portrayed in the manuscripts
"The laws set down tariffs, identifying the value of everyone's life, in the event that they were killed. This varied according to where you were in society."
After a homicide, Dr Roberts explained, the killer and all of his family up to the third or fourth cousin had to pay compensation to the victim's family, up to and including the fourth cousin.
"There was only one instance of capital punishment in Welsh law," says Dr Roberts. "For persistent serious theft you could be hanged, but this was used as a last resort."
In terms of women's rights the laws were, in some ways, quite advanced, says Dr Roberts.
In medieval Wales the first seven years of marriage was regarded as a trial period. After seven years, a couple could separate quite freely and their goods would be split on a 50:50 basis, with the laws laying down who got what.
"Women did appear to have more independence than they would in other countries," says Dr Roberts. "They wouldn't be left destitute, they would get something if it didn't work out."
Underpinning Hywel Dda's laws, she said, was the idea that a person should take responsibility for their actions.
"If you were chopping down a tree you had to tell people you were doing it. If a tree falls on someone and they have been warned then that's their fault. If they haven't been warned you have to pay full compensation.
"It's like health and safety gone mad."
While they cover issues clearly deemed serious at the time, Dr Roberts is the first to acknowledge the quirky side of Hywel Dda's laws.
"If you look at the law text in a vacuum you are likely to find something that will make you laugh," she says.
"A lawyer's tongue was worth a fortune as it was the symbol of their office. Theirs was a speaking role. There was a price of around 100 cows on it."
Image from 13th century manuscript of Hywel Dda's laws The illustrated manuscripts are housed at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth
Many of the laws concerned animals - after land, the second most expensive item one could own.
"The laws identified the value of wild and tame animals, and gives a description of each animal and what that animal was supposed to be able to do.
"With an ox, for example, it was expected to pull straight when ploughing a field and not get tired.
"There was an approximate value for compensation so, if someone sold you an ox, they guaranteed that it would plough straight. If you bought a dud ox, you got compensation.
"A cat was supposed to have sharp claws, be an excellent mouse catcher, not eat its own kittens and wasn't supposed to go caterwauling during a full moon, keeping your neighbours awake."
And the penalty to be paid by the non-virgin bride?
"She gets taken outside, they cut her clothes off so that she is naked from the waist down and is given a young horse with a greased tail," explains Dr Roberts.
"If she can hold the horse by his tail she gets to keep it. If not, she gets nothing, as her family would not want her back."
The second part of The Story of Wales: Power Struggles can be seen on Thursday, 1 March on BBC One Wales at 21:00 GMT. The other episodes will be on subsequent Mondays.
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German Named the Second Most Commonly Spoken Language in North Dakota
Other than English, Spanish is the second most common language spoken in the United States. However, North Dakota stands out as one of the seven states with a different language as their second most commonly used.
Residents with German descent make up 44% of North Dakota's population, followed by Norwegian descent at 30%. With that information, it makes sense that German is the language most used behind English.
The six other states with a language more commonly spoken than Spanish are:
- Louisiana - French
- Maine - French
- Vermont - French
- New Hampshire - French
- Hawaii - Tagalog
- AlaskaYupik
Like any other state, North Dakota is made up of a wide variety of people. The most popular languages spoken from other descents include:
- Kru, Ibo, Yoruba


Nutritional Information about Farmer Cheese
Q: What is farmer cheese, and why does it have little or no calcium?
A: Also known as dry curd cottage cheese or baker cheese, this soft cheese is made from milk that is cultured (to curdle it) and then pressed to separate out the liquid whey, leaving behind the solid curds. It has little or no calcium because the calcium drains away with the liquid. So, too, does most of the lactose (milk sugar), making it a good option for people with lactose intolerance.
In effect, farmer cheese is just cottage cheese that is pressed to remove most of the moisture. (Cottage cheese has more calcium because it retains more of the liquid.)
An ounce (two tablespoons) of farmer cheese has about 40 to 50 calories (compared to 75 to 130 in most cheeses), 2 to 3 grams of fat, 3 grams of protein and little cholesterol. It has half the calories and less than one-third the fat of regular cream cheese. Farmer cheese has less sodium than other cheeses—about 120 milligrams per ounce; no-salt-added versions are also available.
There are many variations, made from different milk sources (cow, sheep, goat) and with different textures and flavors. But the cheese is generally mild and moist, yet still dry enough to slice or crumble. You can use it as a substitute for cream cheese, ricotta or feta cheese in recipes; sprinkle it over salads; or spread it on bread.
Source: Originally published in The University of California, Berkeley Wellness Letter (August 2011)
Publication Review By: the Editorial Staff at
Published: 18 Jul 2011
Last Modified: 01 Dec 2014


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Expanded Learning Partnerships
Strong partnerships between schools and expanded learning programs lay the foundation for building stronger, more equitable support systems for children and their families. Building on prior investments in the expanded learning system, California's school reopening guidance encouraged intentional coordination across schools and expanded learning providers to best meet the needs of students during this unprecedented time. This brief provides key principles for school and expanded learning partnerships—informed by insights from leaders and practitioners from across California—that policymakers and practitioners should consider as they move from reopening to rebuilding.
This brief is part of a series that explores how expanded learning programs and staff can play an instrumental role in supporting students now and throughout pandemic recovery. The other brief, Learning Hubs: In-Person Learning for the Whole Child, discusses how learning hubs can provide in-person education supports to students who are distance learning; raises considerations for local policymakers, schools, and expanded learning partners; includes guidance for the design and operations of learning hubs; and identifies the policy levers that support the model.
Four PACE commentaries contribute to this series, each of which addresses the needs of student populations that have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic and offers actionable guidance for districts, schools, and expanded learning providers. The commentaries look at the role of expanded learning for students in foster care; experiencing homelessness; with learning differences; and in upper grades.


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mannikinArticle Free Pass
mannikin, any of numerous birds of the tribe Amadini of the songbird family Estrildidae. This name is given particularly to certain species of the genus Lonchura. Mannikins are finchlike birds, mostly brownish and often with black throats and fine barring. Large flocks occur in open country from Africa to Australia. Many are popular cage birds. The 9-centimetre (3.5-inch) bronze mannikin (L. cucullata) has large communal roosts in Africa; it has been introduced into Puerto Rico, where it is called hooded weaver. Abundant in southern Asia are the nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulata), also called spice finch or spotted munia, and the striated mannikin (L. striata), also called white-backed munia. The former is established in Hawaii, where it is called ricebird. A domestic strain of the latter is called Bengal finch.
What made you want to look up "mannikin"? Please share what surprised you most...


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executed. Each task will likely push more tasks onto the stack in order to be able to achieve its goal. Sierra is done computing once the stack is empty. Sierra begins by taking an input tree and constructing the corresponding initial groups and expressions. Then, it starts off the search engine by pushing the task Optimize_
The Search Engine
The Cost Model
Sierra costs plans using a combination of I/O, CPU usage, and latency. Remember that Xpand is distributed so total CPU usage and latency are not proportional. Every operator describes a function in order to compute its costs given its inputs. For example an index_
index_scan.rows = row_est() index_scan.cost = cost_open + row_est() * cost_read_row
The operator above the index_
The way Sierra chooses the optimal plan for a query is by finding the plan with the cheapest cost. Cost is strongly dependent on how many rows the optimizer thinks are going to be flowing through the system. The job of the row estimation subsystem is to take statistical information from our Probability Distributions and compute an estimated number of rows that will come out of a given expression.
For the query above, we can get a succinct description of the plan, the row estimates, and the cost by prefacing the query with 'explain'. For additional information, see "
EXPLAIN for MariaDB Xpand".
sql> explain select bar.a, sum(bar.b) from bar,foo where foo.pk = bar.pk group by bar.a; +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ | Operation | Est. Cost | Est. Rows | +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ | stream_aggregate GROUPBY((1. "a")) expr0 := sum((1. "b")) | 142526.70 | 25000.00 | | msjoin KEYS=[((1. "a")) GROUP] | 137521.70 | 25000.00 | | stream_merge KEYS=[(1. "a") ASC] | 20016.70 | 25000.00 | | index_scan 1 := bar.idx_ab | 5003.90 | 8333.33 | | index_scan 2 := foo.__idx_foo__PRIMARY, pk = 1.pk | 4.50 | 1.00 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
To summarize how Sierra got the output in diagram 1, the following steps were performed:
Sierra created many groups and expressions corresponding to the SQL Representation of diagram 1.
In an on-demand fashion via the Task mechanism Sierra then:
Fired rules in order to expand the logical and physical search space of the query, creating additional groups and expressions, some of which might not correspond to any valid plan.
Shrank the search space to the plans that were valid, with the use of physical properties.
Used the cost model in order to determine the cheapest plans from a given set of physical properties for each group.
After all tasks had been processed, Sierra extracted the query plan corresponding to the winner of the top group, which is the output of diagram 1.
We've talked a lot about how the query optimizers finds the best plan, but so far the concepts are not unique to Xpand. One of the special things about Sierra is that it is able to reason about doing distributed operations. For example there are two ways to compute an aggregate. Let's understand the non-distributed way first:
Foowhich likely has slices on multiple nodes.
Forward all those rows to one node.
Insert all those rows into a hash container, computing the aggregate operation if necessary.
Read the container and output to the user.
Here's what it would like:
But really we could distribute the aggregate and do this instead:
Compute the sub-plan (under the aggregate), which likely has result rows on multiple nodes.
Locally insert those rows into a local hash container, computing the aggregate operation if necessary.
Read the hash container on each node and forward to a single node.
Insert all those rows into a new final hash container, computing the aggregate operation.
Read that hash container.
Output rows to the user.
Here's what this would look like:
The question for Sierra becomes which one is better and when? It turns out the gains from distributing the aggregate actually come from the fact that we are potentially sending a lot less data across the wire (between nodes), so the overhead of extra inserts and containers becomes worth it when the reduction factor of the aggregate operation is large. Sierra is able to reason about this with the cost model and determine the better approach for any query. For additional information, see "Scaling Aggregates with MariaDB Xpand.


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BowlMade in Upper Salford Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
Attributed to John Nice, American, died 1906
Red earthenware with slip decoration and lead glaze
1895-74Gift of Edwin Atlee Barber, 1895
This bowl was made from high-quality clay found under the wet topsoil of Pennsylvania's low-lying plains. Southeastern Pennsylvania's terrain could support farms on the topsoil and potteries on the subsoil, so by 1810 potteries could be found in almost every township in Buck's County.
The work of the potter fit into the agricultural calendar. The clay was dug in the fall: topsoil was cleared and a foot-deep layer of clay was sliced and shoveled into a wagon, hauled to the pottery, and stacked. Before freezing weather, the clay was carried in baskets and dumped into a mill - a round tub with a revolving post set with blades. A horse harnessed to a sweep walked slowly around the tub, turning the blades. Water was flushed through to clean the clay and the resulting mass of plastic earth turned gray to yellow. The clay was then shaped into one hundred pound blocks and stored in a cellar where it was kept moist but would not freeze.
This bowl started out as a flattened ball of clay. The fragile form was shaped by the potter on his wheel, which was rotated at variable speeds by the potter pushing a foot wheel, which in turn was connected to a balance wheel, allowing for smooth and continuous rotation.
The interior is decorated with white slip in a petal-like pattern, which was applied when the ware was damp, and the green accents are copper oxide daubed on before glazing. The entire bowl is covered with a thick clear lead glaze, excluding the foot, which is unglazed.
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit.


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Plant Inspection Training
TWI offers plant inspector training courses at three competency levels, in modular format, for a clearly defined and structured career path. Each level leads to an internationally recognised CSWIP qualification.
Resources of successful plant operators can be stretched when faced with unforeseen problems or when time-investment is required for long-term planning. TWI plant inspector training courses prepare engineers for these pressures by teaching them how to identify the most cost-effective practical solution using state-of-the-art assessment tools and techniques.
This internationally recognised CSWIP plant inspector certification scheme responds to the critical need of industry to ensure that engineers involved in asset integrity management are suitably qualified to deliver optimised plant inspection and assessment.
CSWIP Plant Inspector - Level 1
CSWIP Plant Inspector - Levels 2/3
These plant inspection courses are designed for plant engineers, welding/NDT inspectors/practitioners, materials and corrosion engineers, and plant inspectors responsible for managing the safety and integrity of ageing process equipment, pipelines, boilers and storage tanks.
The scheme will suit personnel working for manufacturing works (Vendor), inspection organisations, equipment owners and operators, classification societies, insurance companies and safety regulators. The training has three goals:
to ensure inspectors and engineers responsible for assessing plant integrity have the essential tools and skills
to recognise and certify plant inspector competence
to provide a structured career path for continuing professional development of plant integrity practitioners through formal training/certification


Aluminium Smelting
Australia is the world's sixth largest producer of aluminium and has 4 operating smelters. As electricity is a key input in aluminium smelting, smelters are usually located in areas with reliable, historically low-cost electricity.
The Australian industry continuously focuses on improving electricity efficiency, while also leading the global industry in controlling direct greenhouse gas emissions.
The HallHéroult process is the main method of smelting aluminium used today and consists of five steps:
 1. adding bath and alumina;
 2. anode;
 3. electrolysis;
 4. tapping; and
 5. primary casting.
Adding Bath and Alumina
Inside a pot, alumina is dissolved in a "bath" of molten cryolite (sodium aluminium fluoride) and
other materials.
A pot is a large rectangular cell, lined with carbon blocks and insulating bricks. This lining forms
the "cathode".
A potline is a long building, or collection of buildings, which contain a series of "pots", or large
electrolytic cells, in which aluminium is made.
Anodes are used to conduct electricity into the smelting cells/pots in the pot room. Anodes are
consumed in the smelting process and the remaining portions (known as butts) are recycled.
Anode Bake
Anodes are attached to rods and suspended into the electrolytic cells in the pot room where they are
slowly consumed in the aluminium smelting process.
Carbon anodes, made from petroleum coke and pitch, are often manufactured on site.
A high electric current is passed through pots via the anode. The current flows continuously from
the anode (positive) through alumina/cryolite mix to the lining of the pot (negative) and then onto
the next pot.
Electricity maintains the temperature of the process at about 950°C and enables the alumina to split
into aluminium and oxygen.
At regular intervals the molten aluminium is tapped from the pots and transported to the casthouse.
Primary Casting
The molten aluminium is cast at a temperature of just over 700°C to form ingots, slabs, billots and


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Wake up & smell the coffee even before your first cup of the day! Invigorate your senses in a bath or shower with our unique mix of Dead Sea minerals, natural brown sugar & coffee, proven to effectively remove dead skin cells & improve blood circulation. Did you know that caffeine and EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) in coffee helps neutralize free radical damage?
Benefits of Use:
When applied to the skin, the caffeine absorbed into your bloodstream has a positive chemical reaction with blood cells having many benefits such as:
- Detoxification: the antioxidants found in coffee aid in cleansing your skin of chemical toxins & other impurities, encouraging skin cell growth & preventing free radicals (molecules that are released when processing food, burning sugars or breaking down medicines) that can cause harm to blood vessels.
- Reduce inflammation & puffiness: The caffeine in coffee constricts blood vessels just beneath the skin, helping to reduce swelling, inflammation & redness.
- Exfoliation: the granular texture of coffee is ideal in clearing away dead skin cells, revealing new skin after routine use.
- Improves circulation: coffee absorbed into the skin aids in activating blood vessels by dilating them & causing your heart rate to quicken, allowing blood to circulate faster throughout the body.
- Anti-aging: the antioxidants in coffee such as Vitamin C & E, selenium & flavonoids are a catalyst for anti-aging.
Directions for Use: in shower, bath or spa treatment: Scoop between fingers, apply to wet skin and gently massage in a circular motion. Rinse thoroughly & pat dry.


text:
Fort Worth Independent School District | Forth Worth, TX
Teachers are becoming very aware of their strengths as well as the areas they need to improve.Andrew McKenzie TIF Project Director
Instilling a culture of collaboration
Spurred by a Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) grant implemented at 14 of its schools, Fort Worth Independent School District (ISD) piloted a multi-faceted teacher evaluation and professional development initiative starting in the 2010-2011 school year to improve teacher effectiveness. A committee of teachers and administrators first worked together to research and select a new observation instrument, eventually deciding on Charlotte Danielson's Framework for Teaching (FFT). "We wanted a research-based rubric that would both help ensure fair and reliable teacher evaluations and encourage collaborative, data-driven professional learning conversations across the district," said Andrew McKenzie, the district's TIF project director.
Elevating PD with video
In addition to face-to-face group-based professional learning and instructional meetings with coaches and individual teachers, all of which use the FFT as a basis to guide discussion, Fort Worth ISD's cohort of TIF grant schools decided to elevate their professional development offerings even further with the implementation of video-based observations. Using the Swivl Robot, in conjunction with their iPads, educators capture classroom videos of their own instructional practices and then upload them to Teachscape to receive meaningful feedback, engage in self-reflection, and collaborate and share best practices with their colleagues.
"These technologies have been an asset in allowing our coaches, evaluators and teachers to work together to improve professional practice," said McKenzie.
Focus on continuous improvement
The video-based observations are also integrated into professional learning communities, as well as training sessions. For instance, an instructional coach can record a specific strategy, such as guided reading or classroom management, and then share it with teachers so they can see an example of the best practice in action. Teachers can then work toward improving their own practice accordingly and reference back to the exemplary teaching practices as necessary.
"Teachers are becoming very aware of their strengths as well as the areas they need to improve. They are now working more actively with their coaches and administrators to hone their craft, receive helpful feedback, and engage in a continuous process of professional learning," said McKenzie. "As this process has continued to evolve, the feedback we've received from educators at the participating schools has been very positive."


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|Instrument: TEMPERATURE PROBES|
In Situ/Laboratory Instruments
Instrument Class: Probes
Related Data Sets
View all records related to this instrument
A Temperature Probe is a device used to directly measure the temperature in a substance, be it soil, water or air. Temperature probes are used on aircraft to measure outside air temperature; often in conjunction with other sensors as in Bowen ratio apparatus; or used to determine water temperature.


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John Weiss (28 June 1818 - 9 March 1879) was an American author and clergyman, as well as a noted abolitionist.
Weiss was born in Boston. His father, a German Jew, was a barber in Worcester. He graduated at Harvard in 1837 and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1843, studying abroad in between. He then preached at Watertown, but withdrew on account of his anti-slavery opinions. He was pastor at New Bedford, Massachusetts, for a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in the Unitarian church at Watertown in 1859, remaining there until 1870.
On the issue of slavery, the Reverend John Weiss was an outspoken abolitionist. He was an advocate of woman's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy. He delivered courses of lectures on "Greek Religious Ideas," "Humor in Shakespeare," and "Shakespeare's Women." Of his lectures on Greek religious ideas, Octavius B. Frothingham said: "They were the keenest interpretation of the ancient myths, the most profound, luminous, and sympathetic, I have met with."
He is the author of many reviews, sermons, and magazine articles on literary, biographical, social, and political questions. He also wrote:
- Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker (2 vols., New York, 1864)
- American Religion (1871)
He edited and translated:
External links


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Frequently Asked Questions
In this section one finds a number of FAQ answered.
1. How many casualties fell during the May War in the Netherlands?
The Dutch army lost 2,300 men KIA during the five days of war in the Netherlands (including the eight days in the province Zeeland). The number of WIA is not specifically known, but over 7,000 men were treated for wounds suffered during the war days. Probably a significant number suffered only light wounds and were not registered at all.
The German army losses during the battle for the Netherlands were almost identical to the Dutch losses. About 2,100 registered KIA, perhaps slightly higher.
The number of German military WIA is unknown. The benchmark ratio KIA:WIA gives an average of one KIA to 3,5 to 4 WIA, which would lead to a German WIA ratio of 7,000 - 8,000 men.
The Dutch expedited around 1,300 German POW's to the UK. These men were German write-offs for the duration of the war. The bulk of this number comprised Luftwaffe personnel as well as airlanded infantry of 22nd Infantry Division and airbornes from the Hague theatre of operations.
The French army lost 206 registered KIA in the Netherlands. In Noord-Brabant 62 and in Zeeland 154. The number of wounded is unknown, as is the number of POW's. Numbers of 800 WIA are mentioned in the buzz, but have up to now not been substantiated by reliable sources. Some estimates say that around 3,000 Frenchmen were captured in the Netherlands during the periode 10-18 May 1940. But these estimates are non-substantiated either and probably too low.
2. What were the strengths of the opposing forces?
The Dutch army had a total force of around 280,000 men under arms in May 1940. Often foreign sources erroneously mention figures of 350,000 - 400,000. That is wrong and very inaccurate.
The Dutch army comprised 240,000 men and around 40,000 men in other branches (army air force, coastal artillery defences, volunteer formations). The navy and marines (in the Netherlands) had some 10,000 more, not included in the 280.000.
The Dutch army was only partially organized in field army units. Often foreign sources only mention the major field army units, being eight infantry divisions (organised in four army corpses), one independant division (Peel-division) and one light (mobile) division. Besides these large units there were three field army brigades (A, B and G) and 30 independant border infantry battalions and companies. The fortress army had no divisional structure. It was organised in companies, battalions and regiments only. The fortress army, that occupied the defences within the Fortress Holland and Zeeland province, contained the bulk of elder reservists.
The Dutch army had 48 infantry regiments (2,200 - 2,500 men each), 24 independant Border Infantry Battalions (around 700 men each), a number of Border Infantry Companies and two regiments of bicylce infantry. Furthermore 2 regiments of motorbike-infantry, 6 regiments of cavalry (partially horse, partially bicycle mounted), 15 independant regiments of artillery comprising three battalions each, 4 independant regiments of artillery comprising two battalions each and 8 independant artillery battalions. The total number of active artillery pieces was 692 (excluding the obsolete 8-staal guns; excluding 6-veld and AT guns).
Next to these combattant forces there was a large representation of non-com formations, like engineers, pioneers, logistics, medical troops, etc.etc..
For further specifics we refer to the Introduction chapter on this website.
The German army assigned the 18th Armee to the Dutch theatre. This army comprised 10.Corps (two infantry divisions, two SS regiments, one occupational division of brigade strength), 26. Corps (six divisions, including one tank division and one SS division) and the independant 1st Cavalry Division. The Luftwaffe provided the 7th Flieger Korps comprising the (two regiments strong) 7th Airborne Division and the 22.Infantry Airlanding Division (reinforced by a battalion of IR.72). The strength of the 18.Armee was about 180,000 men. The combined Airlanding Corps had an operational strength of about 12,000 men (3,500 airbornes; 8,500 airlanding troops).
On the first two days of the invasion two divisions of the 6th Armee covered the left flank of the 26.Corps in Noord-Brabant. Furthermore the bulk of the 6th Armee crossed the most southeastern province of the Netherlands (Limburg), where on the first day some units opposed the few Dutch battalions defending the Meuse region in Limburg. Although these numbers are significant, they should not be added to the invasion force for the Dutch theatre, for they were designated to invade Belgium.
All in all the strength of the German invasion force opposing the Dutch was around 200,000 men landforces (including Students' Airlanding Corps).
3. Who were the most principal commanders on either side?
The Dutch Commander in Chief was General Henri G. Winkelman. He was commander of the Dutch land-, airand navy forces in the homeland. He had become CiC in February 1940. His was preluded by General I.H. Reynders, who was sacked in January 1940 over a dispute (with the Dutch cabinet) on the defense strategy.
The commander of the Field Army was Lieutenant-General J.J.G. (Baron) van Voorst tot Voorst. His younger brother General-Major H.F.M. (Baron) van Voorst tot Voorst was chief of the army staff. Commander Fortress Holland was Lieutenant-General J. van Andel.
Commander of the Air-Defence and Army Air Force was Lieutenant-General. P.W. Best.
The commander of the Dutch navy was the chief of navy staff Vice-Admiral J.T. Furstner.
The four army Corpses were led by General-Major N.T. Carstens [1.Corps], General-Major J. Harberts [2.Corps], General-Major A.A. van Nijnatten [3.Corps] and General-Major A.R. van den Bent [4.Corps].
The German Commander in Chief of the operations in the Netherlands was the commander of the 18.Armee, General der Artillerie Georg von Küchler. His direct superior was the Commander Heeresgruppe B, Generaloberst von Bock.
The operations of the 7th Fliegerkorps [commanded by Generalleutnant der Flieger Kurt Student] in Fortress Holland were developed and led by the Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe Hermann Göring (and his staff), and the Commander Luftflotte 2, Generalleutnant von Kesselring was commander of the Luftwaffe operations in the Netherlands.
The most principle German units were commanded by Generalleutnant K. Student [7th Airborne Corps and commander of 7th Flieger Division], Generalleutnant Graf von Sponeck [22.ID], General-major Kurt Feldt [1.Cav.Div.], General der Artillerie Christian Hansen [10.Corps], General der Artillerie Albert Wodrig [26.Corps], Generalleutnant Schmidt [commander of 39.Corps, which was activated as of 13 May 1940] and Generalmajor Ritter von Hubicki [9.Panzer Division].
4. Was the Lex Belli [or Ius in Bello, law of war] often infringed by the belligerents, or was it generally respected?
The internation code, mainly given shape by Geneva and Hague conventions, was mandatory to and (generally) respected by all belligerents in May 1940 in the Dutch theatre.
There were the inevitable occasional infringements too. The Dutch and the Germans both recorded some infringements of the other side and for both sides there is proof of some incidents that were mild, or occasionally gross, infringements in itself. Here and there a prisoner of war was abused, assaulted or even shot on the spot (both sides were guilty of those occasional attrocities), and quite a number of incidents were recorded where either side abused the white flag or the international sign of the red cross.
There is one remarkable exception, where the Ius in Bello was quite generally disregarded by one particular German unit. This occurs during the operations of the SS regiment Der Führer during the three days' battle of the Grebbeberg. There is sufficient proof that the laws of war were poorly adhered to (to say the least) during the SS operations on 11, 12 and 13 of May 1940. There were several incidents involving massacres in the trenches (especially on the 11th of May), systematic abuse of POW's and particularly the common use of POW's as human shields against opposing fire. These infringements were reported and sometimes proven in such an overwhelming quantity that it is very likely that some sort of methodical abuse was applicable. This only applies


Software Development and QA Tips
Dev and QA Tips What are the Advantage of Swagger in API?
What are the Advantage of Swagger in API?
Swagger API | By Vakul Gotra | March 15, 2021
What are the Advantage of Swagger in API?
Swagger provides a unique and convenient platform to document, test, and write API structures. Take a look at its benefits:
 1. The documentation of APIs is necessary as you have to let the API consumers know about the endpoints being used. This includes the input and output of an API method and should also include what challenge the particular API will solve. Swagger provides a method to automate the documentation, which means Swagger picks up the methods with GET, PUT, POST, DELETE attributes and prepares the documentation by itself. Further, if any changes are implemented, then the Swagger documentation is automatically updated.
 2. Testing is always crucial; on both the development and QA levels. Swagger provides a UI integrated page where all the API methods are listed and enables the user to test any method that is required from the UI.
 3. Swagger does the documentation in a conventional way (OpenAPI) which means it is in a machine-readable language. If a user starts the documentation first, Swagger will write the structure of the API automatically based on the written documentation. The API logic relies on the developer and business requirements but the structure will be written by Swagger itself.
 4. The user does not need a separate applications to test APIs. Just configure Swagger once in the project and access it through a URL to test the APIs.
These are the major benefits users will see once they start using Swagger. Swagger provides immense support for a wide range of platforms, languages, and domains.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to use Kryo to read/write objects to disk: _URL_
Couple questions:
 - How do I determine the size of my byte buffer? If I make it too small it crashes, too large it eats up lots of memory and the files are huge. Follow up, shouldn't kyro already know how big the object is since it's the one serializing it?
 - What is a good way to convert them from a ByteBuffer to byte array and back?
 - Anyone have a effective and quick way of reading/writing objects to file using Kyro? My yucky xml is about 100 times faster (which includes parsing, not just i/o) which doesn't make sense according to the benchmarks. I tried using ByteBuffer writing to FileChannel.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You actually don't need to muck with ByteBuffer at all, you can use the com.esotericsoftware.kryo.ObjectBuffer
Pretend you have a class MyObject that you want to serialize;
MyObject o = new MyObject();
Kryo kryo = new Kryo();
ObjectBuffer ob = new ObjectBuffer(kryo);
byte[] myByteArray = ob.writeObject(o);
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Do you mean that after obtaining byte array I can dump it to file? – Bostone Feb 21 '12 at 1:30
And if so what is a simplest way to deserialize back to object? – Bostone Feb 21 '12 at 1:41
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