Quick Answer: What Is Medical Term Swath?
What does it mean to cut a swath?
cut a swathe through pass through something causing great damage, destruction, or change.
A swathe was the area cut by a single sweep of a mower's scythe, and so the width of a strip of grass or corn cut in this way.
See also: cut, swathe, through..
What does extensive mean in medical terms?
(ĕk-sten′siv) [L. extendere, to stretch out] Widespread. In cancer, widely metastatic.
What's another word for plethora?
In this page you can discover 35 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for plethora, like: plenty, excess, overabundance, many, surplus, flood, overflow, superfluity, surfeit, lack and scarcity.
What does sublime mean?
1a : lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or manner. b : of outstanding spiritual, intellectual, or moral worth. c : tending to inspire awe usually because of elevated quality (as of beauty, nobility, or grandeur) or transcendent excellence.
What means luminous?
Choose the Right Synonym for luminous bright, brilliant, radiant, luminous, lustrous mean shining or glowing with light. … luminous implies emission of steady, suffused, glowing light by reflection or in surrounding darkness.
What is swath mean?
1a : a row of cut grain or grass left by a scythe or mowing machine. b : the sweep of a scythe or a machine in mowing or the path cut in one course. 2 : a long broad strip or belt. 3 : a stroke of or as if of a scythe.
What is another word for swath?
What is another word for swath?areapatchsectionstretchtractplotlotexpanseparcelstrip172 more rows
What does broad swath mean?
Draw a lot of attention, make a considerable display, as in Although he was new to the company, he cut a wide swath. This metaphoric use of making a big sweep of the scythe in cutting grass survives despite the mechanization of farming and the declining use of the noun swath. [
What does scythe mean?
: an implement used for mowing grass, grain, or other crops and composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long handle. scythe. verb. scythed; scything.
What's another word for array?
Array Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for array?arrangementformationdispositionhuddlelineupsequencesuitesetsetupaggregation103 more rows
What is another word for many?
In this page you can discover 76 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for many, like: numerous, diverse, countless, multiplied, divers, several, manifold, sundry, multiplex, multifarious and umpteen.


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England or France (Normandy)
Lead-glazed earthenware, with carved slip decoration
Museum no. C._PHONE_
Most decorative tiles in medieval England had stamped designs filled with clay of contrasting colour. Here, however, a more refined design was produced by covering red earthenware with a light-coloured slip, which was cut away and incised.
The tile, probably from a church at Tring, Hertfordshire, is based on manuscript illustrations. It shows Christ resurrecting three children who had died while playing with him and visiting a well, scenes from his childhood described in the apocryphal gospels.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Having a finger or fingers, especially of a specific number, kind, or appearance. Often used in combination: four-fingered; rosy-fingered.
1. marked or dirtied by handling
a. having a finger or fingers
b. (in combination): nine-fingered; red-fingered.
3. (Music, other) (of a musical part) having numerals indicating the necessary fingering
(ˈfɪŋ gərd)
1. having fingers.
2. spoiled or marred by handling, as merchandise.
3. Zool., Bot. digitate.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Adj.1.fingered - having or resembling a finger or fingers; often used in combination; "the fingered roots of giant trees"; "rosy-fingered"; "three-fingered cartoon characters"
fingerless - not having or having lost fingers
References in periodicals archive?
He discusses both traditional and innovative scale fingerings, explaining that scales are best fingered with the middle three fingers on black keys or their adjacent white keys.
57 fingered in two different ways (see Examples 2a and 2b).


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Under the SCS–007 Certification Standard for Jewelry Sustainability – Sustainability Rated Diamonds, producers are committed to reducing their carbon footprint. They take active measures to improve efficiencies in energy and operations. Reducing these impacts is a vital component of sustainability. The carbon footprint that remains is then balanced out each year through investments in renewable energy or other climate mitigation initiatives.
In addition to reducing its own climate change impacts and those of its supply chain, the producer can further reduce its carbon footprint and make progress toward net zero in two ways:
In some cases, these measures might also result in measurable co-benefits (i.e., reduced adverse impacts) in other diamond life-cycle impact categories, such as improved air quality and better health outcomes for the local population.
Sustainability Rated Diamonds are tracked through a verified origin traceability process that provides 99.9% accuracy of the origin of each diamond through its entire chain of custody, from producer to point of sale.
Each diamond is certified to adhere to twelve core ethical principles aligned to the strictest internationally recognized norms of business integrity.
Sustainability Rated Diamond producers are committed to the principle of doing no harm to humans or environment, and are actively working to avoid, eliminate or offset any impacts that might be associated with the production process.
Sustainability Rated Diamond producers invest in efforts that not only improve their own operations and supply chains, but also in projects that help communities and protect climate and the environment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


According to Rule 5 of Central Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 as passed by Lok Sabha :
 1. The person exercising the option to pay tax under section 10 shall comply with the following conditions, namely:-
 1. he is neither a casual taxable person nor a non-resident taxable person;
 2. the goods held in stock by him on the appointed day have not been purchased in the course of inter-State trade or commerce or imported from a place outside India or received from his branch situated outside the State or from his agent or principal outside the State, where the option is exercised under sub-rule (1) of rule 3;
 3. the goods held in stock by him have not been purchased from an unregistered supplier and where purchased, he pays the tax under sub-section (4) of section 9;
 5. he was not engaged in the manufacture of goods as notified under clause (e) of sub-section (2) of section 10, during the preceding financial year;
 2. The registered person paying tax under section 10 may not file a fresh intimation every year and he may continue to pay tax under the said section subject to the provisions of the Act and these rules.
 1. GST Acts and Rules
About the Author
CA Maninder Singh


text:
Learn something new every day
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The square neck is a type of neckline that forms a square-shaped frame around the collarbone. Square necks are popular features on a wide variety of garments, including tank tops, bathing suits, fitted shirts, and dresses. Square necks are flattering on virtually every body shape and size, and also provide a sophisticated frame to the decolletage and face without revealing too much cleavage. The square neck has been featured on several different formal and informal styles of garments throughout the years. The formal or informal nature of these fashions depends largely on which type of sleeves, bodices, and fabrics are also featured on the garment.
During the late 18th century and early 19th century, the square neck was a popular feature on women's gowns, in combination with ruffled cap sleeves and shirred empire bodices. This style of square neck dress, sometimes referred to as a "Regency dress," is often depicted in artwork that captures the Regency era. Many of the female characters featured in the works of Jane Austen are depicted in this style of dress in illustrations and films based on her work. During the Regency era, square necks were often worn in combination with a "modesty panel," which is a piece of sheer fabric such as a scarf or shawl that was draped around the neck and tucked into the bust line, to avoid revealing too much skin. White Regency dresses were often crafted from fine muslin and worn as wedding dresses.
Since the Regency era, the square neck has remained a standard option for necklines, along with the boat neck, round neck, V-neck, sweetheart neck, and the slot neck, which is similar to the square neckline but features vertical edges that are closer to the collar bone and create a narrower, rectangular shape. In the 1990s, the square neck enjoyed a resurgence in popularity when the babydoll dress became fashionable, as it was often featured on dresses such as these which feature an empire waist. Also during the 1990s, the square neck was often featured on ribbed women's cotton shirts. Since the beginning of the new millennium, square neck tank tops have become a popular wardrobe staple in both men and women's fashions.


Current Projects: Americana Engine (Game Engine Development)
Tuesday, January 5, 2016
Superhuman, Chess Pieces, and Binary Code
The first performance of the Jan 4 premiere of Superhuman has Zoe Wheeler reciting from memory the sequence of 60 chess pieces (30 white, 30 black). Only there are two types of pieces to memorize: a King (White) and Queen (Black). A 0 or a 1. Binary Code.
Although there are over 1 trillion combinations (more like 118 quadrillion) that figure need not apply here.
Memorizing 60 1's and 0's might be a difficult task, but there are ways to cut down on the memorization significantly.
There are various methods of memorizing groups of binary code, including hexadecimal (grouping four 1/0s together to get 0-9, a-f), and base64 (grouping six 1/0s together to produce a letter or a number). I use the latter since I can memorize a string of 10 letters/numbers easier than other options.
Base 64 Summary:
A set of six 0 and 1's (64 possible combinations) are grouped together to form a single letter or number (A-Z, a-z, 0-9). Two more characters are used for the binary values of 63 and 64 since the total number of letters and numbers = 26+26+10 = 62. There aren't a string of seven black/white pieces in a row, so they can be skipped for the purposes of memorizing this.
The order the pieces are laid out are as follows (Treating a white piece as a 1, with the piece closest to her as the first):
100101 001001 010010 001001 010100 111010 110110 001010 111001 101101
This can be encoded to base 64 as follows:
37 9 18 9 24 58 54 10 57 45
kIRIT 51J4s
Now it's a matter of memorizing this string, converting it back to binary, and reciting it... in front of a live audience.


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If two links refer to different targets ("x" differs from "x") but share the same link text, distinguish the links by specifying a different value for the "title" attribute of each a element. Currently both links have the same title
If two links go to different pages but have the same link text, you must use title to distinguish them. Avoid using the same title text.
Do not allow multiple links on the same page with the same formulation to lead to different pages. A common example of this is "Read more" links, which are repeatedly used in lists of news announcements on a single page. If you do, you will need to clarify each link with a title text.
Avoid having multiple links with different formulations that lead to the same target.
To make clear links:
The page published: 2018-11-20


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Definitions for people's republic of bangladesh
Bangladesh, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Bangla Desh, East Pakistan(noun)
a Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"people's republic of bangladesh." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 23 May 2013. .


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Morning Lemon Water for a Week
The View From the Great Island
Why I Start Every Day With Lemon Water ~ I'll separate the myths from the facts about drinking lemon water every morning.
- 56 ounces filtered water
- 3 large lemons
- Put the water in a large pitcher or refrigerator container, preferably glass.
- Squeeze the juice of 2 lemons into the water, making sure to avoid the seeds.
- Thinly slice the last lemon and add all the slices, without seeds, to the water. Cover and keep in the refrigerator.
View the recipe instructions at The View From the Great Island


text: The site depicted in this painting is Pirlinyarnu (Mt Farewell), about 165km west of Yuendumu in the Northern Territory. Two Jangala men, rainmakers, sang the rain, unleashing a giant storm that collided with another storm from Wapurtali. The two storms travelled across the country, from Karlipinpa near Kintore. A Kirralanji (brown falcon [Falco berigora] ) carried the storm further west until it dropped the storm at Pirlinyarnu, forming an enormous Maliri (lake). A 'mulju' (soakage) exists in this place today. At Puyurru the bird dug up a 'warnayarra' (rainbow serpent). The serpent carried water with it to create another large lake. Whenever it rains today hundreds of 'ngapangarlpa' (bush ducks) still flock to Pirlinyarnu. The 'kirda' (custodians) for this Jukurrpa (dreaming) are the Jangala/Jampijinpa men and Nangala/Nampijinpa women.


Home > Residencies > Lee Baker
Lee Baker
Brighton-based Lee Baker was our first artist in residency at Metal Peterborough. His work takes the form of painstaking large-format paintings and installations, utilizing vivid color and extreme perspective to 'build' meta-cities and architectural environments, often set against a stormy backdrop of ashen clouds, pending night and potential destruction. His fine art practice explores stark visions of the indestructible meta-city against the indiscriminate forces of nature. Drawing on the narrative and scenic elements of films such as Katsuhiro Otomo's Akira, Disney's Tron, and further exploring the idea of a self-aware 'thinking' city, developed in films such as 'Tekkonkinkreet' and Makoto Shinkai's 'A Place Promised in our Early Years'. His most recent work, investigates the idea of future archeology and mythology, exploring the idea of the projection of history onto megalithic structures such as Stonehenge in England or Ahu Tongariki on Easter Island.
Baker creates his own megaliths, abstracting and simplifying, building constructs and giving them meaning. 'Refractive Monolith', for instance, is a three-dimensional reaction to or conversation with Lee Baker's paintings. Utilizing approximately 10 thousand metres of acrylic yarn, he has 'drawn' and occupied the space with this imposing architectural shape, forcing its perspective upon the viewer. As with Baker's paintings, the joyous colors give a false sense of security while at the same time the full spectrum of laser-like yarn represents the building's volatile infrastructure and relative weakness. The graded gray walls delineating the building's silhouette serve to enhance to colours while implying the finality of the structure's life.
For more information, see Lee Baker's website.


How to Eliminate Foul Odor in Hunting Boots
Out there in the wilderness, you need to use the hunting boots in any weather condition. Humid conditions or wet conditions can lead to unhygienic hunting boots. Consequently, there might be a foul odor in your hunting boots. It is essential to maintain the boots in a hygienic condition.
Only once you do so will you be comfortable.
Today we will share the answer to the question of how to eliminate foul odor in hunting boots.
How to eliminate foul odor in hunting boots?
We will share with you a step-by-step way to eliminate such odor from your hunting boots.
 1. The first thing is to wrap a bit of bicarbonate soda in a thin cloth. You have to keep it in your hunting boots. You should keep it in the hunting boots for at least 12 hours.
 2. After doing so, you can place blotting paper inside the shoes. You have to add some cloves to it. It can mask any odor with its own fragrance.
 3. After a few hours, you have to remove the same and keep the shoes in an airtight plastic bag. You have to keep the plastic bag in the freezer for 3 to 4 hours. It will kill the odor-causing bacteria right away.
 4. Once you have done so, you have to dry the shoes in your balcony or in your lawn.
These four simple steps will certainly help you eliminate the foul odor in hunting boots.
Alternative method:
In case your hunting boots can handle water, you can use this alternative method as well. The alternative method will certainly help you clean the boots inside out. Once you do so, you will not have to worry about odor.
 1. You have to first and foremost, rinse your boots from outside. For the inside, you have to use a damp cloth to wipe them clean.
 2. Thereafter, you have to create a mixture of water in commercials and Tiller. You have to spread all over the boots.
 3. Once you do so, you have to let the boots dry for a few hours.
 4. After that, you have to remove the insole and wash them with detergent. You have to make sure that the detergent is scent-free. After that, you have to let the insole dry as well.
 5. If you do not want to spend hours drying the boots, you can buy an extra pair of boots. Once you do so, you will be able to dry the boot in no time.
These are the two methods that you can use to eliminate foul odor from hunting boots.
To prevent foul odor, there are a few precautions that you can take as well.
Precautions to eliminate foul odor in hunting boots:
The precautions that you need to undertake are:
 1. Choosing the right socks:
You always have to choose fresh socks. You have to ensure that there is no odor in the socks. If you wear smelly socks and wear the hunting boots, the boots will develop foul odor.
 1. Allow the boots to dry:
Whenever you wear the boots, socks, or feet get wet; you have to dry them. Only once they are dried, there will be no water and wetness inside the boots.
 1. Inspect your boots from time to time:
Many boots are susceptible to mildew, algae, and so on. You have to inspect the boots from time to time. The purpose of the inspection is to ensure that there is no growth in the boots. If there is any growth, you have to use disinfectants to eliminate it. Doing so will ensure that odor will no longer be a problem.
 1. Regular odor elimination:
At the slightest hint of order, you have to use any of the above two methods to eliminate water. If you do not do so, the odor will become stronger over time. Due to this reason, every time you use your hunting boots, you have to check them for odor.
Once you take these precautions, you will ensure that your hunting boots do not develop any foul odor.
In case they still do, you can use any of the methods we have highlighted above to eliminate odor. Both of these methods are incredibly effective. In a nutshell, after going through this article, you need not worry about water in hunting boots at all. You can always have hygienic hunting boots for your next hunting trip. It certainly eliminates the need to have a spare pair of hunting boots as well.
We will be happy to hear your thoughts
 Leave a reply


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shown in other instead.
Unigine Integration into SDL Application
This article describes the sample located in the /source/samples/App/GLAppSDL/ folder.
The sample demonstrates how to embed Unigine into an SDL-based application, namely:
- Create a simple SDL-based application
- Integrate Unigine into the application
- Initialize the OpenGL mode
In this sample, the engine controls the main loop by itself: the doUpdate(), doRender() and doSwap() functions are overridden and call the update(), render() and swap() functions respectively.
To run the sample, you should perform the following:
- Download development libraries from the SDL website.
Only SDL version 1.2 is supported.
- Extract the downloaded compressed folder and place it into the sample folder.
- Change the path to the SDL.h header file in the GLAppSDL.cpp if necessary. For example:
_TAG_ "SDL/include/SDL.h"By default, the SDL/SDL.h path is used.
- Prepare the development environment (according to the operating system used).
- Specify paths to the SDL/include/ and SDL/lib/x86 (or SDL/lib/x64) folders in your IDE.
- Rebuild the sample (see how to rebuild a sample application in Windows or Linux)
- Run the main.py script from the sample folder.


Tag Archives: mhchem
How to type a bar over/under a letter in mhchem of LaTeX?
I use usepackage mhchem to write chemical equations in LaTeX, it works fine most of time. Today I encountered a problem, how to type a horizontal bar over (or under) a letter?
After some Googling work, here is my solution, combining the command mathrm and overline/underline. The command \underline (\overline) is placing a bar under (over) a letter, while mathrm is remove the italic style of the letter in the math environment.
E.g. to get an chemical equation as follows:
You can use the code below:
\ce{3 C4A\mathrm{\underline{S}}H12 + 2 C\mathrm{\underline{C}} + 18 H -> C6A$\mathrm{\underline{S}_3}$H32 + 2 C4A\mathrm{\underline{C}}H11}
\label{some label}
You are welcome to share your trick with me, thanks.


From Grand Theft Wiki
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With its rotors fully exposed, the blades of the helicopter itself can be effectively used as a weapon against any person on the street, killing them instantly on contact, but requires risky controlling of the aircraft. Games prior allow only the horizontal rotor to inflict such damage, while helicopters in GTA IV allow the player to kill using the tail rotor as well. Helicopter kills do not attract police attention in the 3D Universe and GTA IV.
In GTA V, helicopters are now significantly harder to fly - they sway constantly even in good weather. This relaxed stability does not extend to pitch control, as the game will automatically correct and limit the downward pitch of a helicopter - it is no longer possible to fly a helicopter upside down.
In GTA IV, the damage mechanics of helicopters has been improved greatly. If the helicopter blades hit a wall too much, the blades will be ripped apart and the helicopter, devoid of its ability to maintain lift, will fall, inflicting damage and even killing the player. Also, the entire tail boom can snap off if the player strikes it against a building or barrier with enough force. With the tail boom destroyed, the player has little control over the rotation of helicopter. The tail rotor is used for stabilizing the helicopter by providing a force against the rotational force of the main rotor as well as rotating the helicopter through the use of the rudder pedals so the lack of one causes the helicopter to spin in circles rapidly. While in a helicopter, beeping can be heard once the helicopter sustains too much damage. If the helicopter sustains more damage after the beeping alert is heard, it can either explode (which will be evidenced by the engines being on fire) or the tail boom will break off. Also, though hard to make happen, instead of the entire tailboom being severed, the tail rotor may shatter, resulting in the same realistic spin effect.[1] Less commonly, enough damage can be inflicted on the helicopter to cut the engine. This can cause the helicopter to fall out of the sky, similar to losing its main blades.
Much like fixed-wing aircraft, the weather has a noticeable affect on helicopters in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories. In windy or rainy conditions helicopters will bank and sway in the direction of the wind, which makes flying at low altitudes dangerous. Players can avoid accidents by flying at higher altitudes, where there is plenty of room to manoeuvre.
Usage as a weapon
Helicopters can be used as a weapon. Since GTA III, police helicopters will shoot from their helicopters at the player if the player receives a wanted level of three or more, with the exception of GTA IV where actual police officers will shoot from the helicopters instead.
 - In Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, if the player's helicopter is tracked by a heat-seeking missile, the helicopter will signal the player with a rapidly beeping sound and the location of the missile in the radar. This applies to planes as well.
 - The Grand Theft Auto III Police Helicopter was meant to appear in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, but cut during development. This is evidenced by the handling files, and it is probably replaced by the Police Maverick, probably a leftover from GTA III.
 - In the original PS2 version of GTA Vice City, entering a spray shop with a helicopter will result in the helicopter acquiring wheels.
 1. YouTube video demonstrating breaking the tail rotor
See also


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An operating room registered nurse, also known as a perioperative nurse, cares for patients at all stages of operative care (before, during, and after surgery). There are three areas of the operating room in which such a nurse might focus: circulating, scrub nurse, and first assistant.
The circulating nurse is concerned with maintaining a sterile environment in an operating room; this type of nurse opens sterile packages containing items that assist with operating procedures, as well as documents procedures needed to maintain a sterile environment. The scrub nurse, wears gloves and scrubs, and hands the surgeon(s) necessary instruments; he or she also monitors a patient's condition during surgery. The first assistant works most closely with the surgeons, doing some hands-on performance on the patient such as cutting into tissue or suturing, and hands the surgeon(s) the necessary instruments.
Operating room nurses work indoors in sterile operating rooms in hospitals and medical facilities. Their immediate supervisors are the surgeons with whom they work, in addition to administrative supervisors within the nursing hierarchy. They work not only with surgeons, but with fellow nurses and anesthesiologists. Their work schedule might call for them to be on duty any day of the week, at any hour, either by scheduled assignment or on short notice. Operating room nurses may be exposed to dangerous substances that are used in sterilization and anesthesiological procedures, and they are also are around sharp objects.
A registered nurse must complete of an accredited nursing program to receive certification. Being a first assistant also may require a certain number of years in practice as a registered nurse or additional coursework. Being an operating room nurse requires critical thinking, the ability to work in a fast-paced environment and be highly adaptive. Because these nurses work in situations that potentially involve death, they should be emotionally prepared to handle a variety of outcomes without a drop in performance.
Registered Nurse (RN), Operating Room Tasks
- Supervise surgical technologists and medical assistants during surgeries.
- Provide education to patients and their families about the recovery process.
- Monitor patients for signs of complications during and after operating procedures.
- Track patients' vital signs during operations.


What happened in the 19th century?
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What happened in the 19th century? by Mind Map: What happened in the 19th century?
1. Joseph Gayetty invented toilet paper in 1857.
1.1. Gayetty was born in Massachusetts USA, and worked in New York
2. Another inventions
2.1. The telephone, which allowed people to communicate over long distances
2.2.. The modern light bulb
2.3. Photography
2.4. Braille printing.
3. Alfred Nobel
3.1. He invented dynamite in 1867.
3.2. He studied in Russia, excelling in the study of chemistry.
3.3. He experimented with different elements, eventually inventing not only dynamite but other explosives, was well
4. Why do humans use money?
4.1. After that, around 400 BC, the Greeks began to use salt as currency.
4.2. Between 700 and 500 BC, India and China began to use coins.
5. Capitalism
5.1. Use your money, or capital, to create even more money. The better you are at making your money grow, the more money you have. You can even become very wealthy. It depends on how you invest your money.
5.2. Capitalism as we know it really started during the Industrial Revolution around 1760 in England, and got much worse after the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870.
6. Nobel Prize
6.1. Nobel Prize began in 1901 and is given every year to leaders in various fields of science and literature.


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Case Model predictive control of phenolic resin production
Cybernetica delivers Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Endpoint Prediction of phenolic resin manufacturing processes based on Cybernetica CENIT. This system is currently controlling numerous resole phenolic resin reactors in North America, Oceania and Europe.
MPC is used for control of reactor temperature and reaction rates, by controlling cooling and heating utilities and metering (dosing) rates of formaldehyde, phenol and catalysts.
The main benefits of using this technology compared to conventional control are:
- Stable, accurate and consistent control of reactor temperature and reaction rates.
- Shorter and less variations in batch cycle times.
- Improved consistency of product quality parameters.
- Improved safety.
- Endpoint (cut-off) determination using kinetic model.
- Less need to take grab samples from the reactor.
- Less operator intervention – higher degree of automation.
The essential features of the Cybernetica CENIT, which enable these benefits, are:
- Online parameter estimation – the model adapts online to changes in process conditions.
- Predictive control – the future process performance is continuously predicted and optimized.
The mechanistic process model utilized within Cybernetica CENIT is adapted to each specific process unit. Reactor design data are acquired from the customer. Other model parameters are estimated off-line from logged process data using Cybernetica ModelFit.
Model of phenolic resin reactor
- Kinetics and thermodynamics:
- Methylolation reactions
- Condensation reactions
- Formaldehyde, hemiformal and ionization equilibria
- Cooling and heating utilities:
- Coil cooling is dependent on estimated heat transfer coefficients and on the liquid level in the reactor.
- Reflux condenser and vacuum system.
- Steam heating.
- Feed systems for raw materials
Model predictive control (MPC)
MPC enables safe and accurate control of reaction rate and reactor temperature by controlling:
- Coil cooling, jacket cooling and steam heating.
- Vacuum and condenser cooling during polymerization and distillation.
- Metering (dosing) rates of formaldehyde, phenol and catalysts.
MPC allows fast response to step changes in temperature setpoints, which will reduce batch cycle times. Predictive temperature control is illustrated in the video below.
Temperature control during initial exotherm and step change of temperature setpoint. The predicted cooling water flow and reactor temperature, during the 15 minutes prediction horizon, are shown to the right of the vertical line indicating present time. A 15 minutes history is shown to the left.
Safe and efficient metering of raw materials
The metering (dosing) rates of raw materials are safely controlled such that the predicted reaction heat does not exceed the currently available cooling capacity, and such that other constraints (e.g., maximum reactor temperature rate of change) are not violated. The available cooling capacity may typically vary significantly during a batch due to
- changes in cooling water temperatures,
- changes in available cooling water flow rates,
- varying heat transfer coefficients,
- and varying liquid level in the reactor.
All these changes are immediately compensated for in the calculation of raw material metering rates.
Optimal metering rates of formaldehyde will typically vary greatly from start to end of the metering phase, and there is a lot to gain in batch cycle time, in addition to the safer operation, by utilizing MPC.
Cybernetica CENIT ensures that the polymerization reactions are safely controlled in spite of uncertain and rapidly changing cooling capacity. The adaptive model will also compensate for deviations between the reaction heat predicted by the model and the actual reaction heat observed from reactor measurements.
In addition to the inherent safety associated with the model predictive control methodology and the online model adaptation, CENIT includes functionality for fault detection and diagnosis.
Automatic endpoint determination
Endpoint determination of "shortly condensed" resins of low viscosity development are often accomplished by manually analysing grab samples from the reactor, e.g. for free phenol content or based on cloud point determination. This is undesirable when full automation is aimed for.
The degree of polymerization, as calculated from the kinetic model, is successfully being used for endpoint determination of shortly condensed resins, resulting in improved consistency of product quality parameters.
Operator graphic for polymerization monitoring
The system includes an operator graphic display where temperature, reaction heat and cooling capacity profiles are compared to those of a previously manufactured "golden batch". The "golden batch" profile is "time warped" to make the two batches comparable even though the reaction rates progress differently with time. The purpose of the polymerization monitoring system is to:
- Monitor the development of the current batch, as compared to the golden batch.
- Detect deviations between the current batch and the golden batch.
- Predict the future progress of the current batch, including the endpoints.
A snapshot of the graphic display is shown in the figure below. The history is displayed to the left of the vertical line indicating present time, and the future predictions are shown to the right. The graphic display is used to monitor the current batch (solid lines) by comparing with a previously manufactured "golden batch" (dashed lines). The reaction heat and the maximum cooling capacity are shown in the upper graph; the reactor temperature and the temperature setpoint are shown in the middle graph. A selection of user defined variables can be shown in the lower graph.
Cybernetica CENIT applications typically runs on a dedicated application station (Windows server). It communicates with a DCS system via the Open Platform Communications (OPC) protocol.
Cybernetica employees have extensive experience in industrial implementation and commissioning of advanced process control (APC) applications.
Integration with sequential batch control system
Cybernetica CENIT can run independently of a batch control system, with the operator providing essential inputs such as temperature setpoint profiles and raw material amounts. CENIT can, however, preferably be integrated with a sequential batch control system, in which case the batch control system will provide a number of input parameters to CENIT, dependent on the current stage in the batch process and on the specific resin grade being manufactured.
Cybernetica's maintenance programme ensures that all applications perform at their best at all times. Cybernetica rapidly responds to customer requests. Cybernetica CENIT has built-in functionality for reproduction and diagnosis of current or past process situations, facilitating efficient analyses of issues reported by the customer.
The most common and important issues are reported directly to the operators, enabling the operators to act when necessary.


text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy
Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
Jerry W. Gilley
Organizations invest significantly in training programs and estimates are that only 10 percent of the learning in training programs is transferred to the workplace. While it is appropriate for Human Resource Development professionals to be advocates for training, it is imperative for the profession not only to increase the training transfer, but also to make connections between the training investment and broader business goals and objectives. Plentiful studies exist which identify various mediating factors for training transfer, including improved training content, learner motivation and ability, and exterior organizational factors such as workplace transfer climate. However, few studies focus on the impact of training transfer factors to the accomplishment of the broader business goals and objectives.;Within the literature, a newer strand of inquiry focuses specifically on the impact of workplace transfer climate as a promising transfer catalyst. In the wider organizational development field, Value-Profit Chain studies are beginning to uncover links between employee situational factors (loyalty, commitment, satisfaction) and both customer satisfaction and other organizational key performance indicators (i.e. sales growth, profit growth, turnover). The intent of this study was to determine potential links between workplace transfer climate and the attainment of business goals and objectives in a particular firm, and in so doing, to provide a possible connection between training transfer research and Value-Profit Chain analysis.;Results of the study indicate that stores with a more positive workplace transfer climate showed stronger operational results than did stores with a less positive workplace transfer climate. Further, the study found that the individual factors relating to workplace transfer climate were not homogeneous. Finally, study results indicated employees' perceptions regarding certain workplace climate factors were mediated through their perceptions of the managerial support variable.;Past studies have suggested that workplace climate supports transfer of trained skills to the workplace. This study supports and extends that knowledge and indicates that workplace transfer climate is supportive in the attainment of business goals and objectives. As such, this study provides a preliminary, yet important, link between training transfer research and Value-Profit Chain analysis of organizational effectiveness.
Digital Repository @ Iowa State University, _URL_
Hoekstra, Erik, "An exploration of the value profit chain for training transfer: a study of the relationship of workplace transfer climate to business goals and objectives in one firm " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 591.


text:
Digital Image Registration and Comparison
←Older revision | Newer revision→
This page has been written as part of the NIP2 Beginners Guide.
Image registration is the process of ensuring that the matching features of two similar images appear in the same place in each image. If different images have been captured of a single object, at different stages of it's life, for example before, during or after conservation work or with different pieces of equipment, for example visible, infra-red, uv or x-ray, then they may need to be registered to each other before direct digital comparisons are carried out.
Image comparison is the process of checking whether the matching features of two similar images appear in the same place in each image. Comparisons can be used to check the result of the registration procedures or just to check if two similar images match, this can very useful when comparing different versions of the same painting, or even checking whether a drawing or cartoon has been used in the construction of a painting.
There are two basic registration function included in nip2, Linear Match and Perspective Match. Two images need to be selected and then the chosen function can be performed, the second image will be adjusted to match the first based on the positioning of a set of marks.
Figure 8.1: Selection of sample images used to show the results of the image overlay and image registration functions. Image A is the base image that the others starting images, B, C and D want to be resistered to. Images AA, AB, AC and AD are the result of running the overlay function with image A and all of the starting images. Images B2 and C2 show the results of linear matching images B and C with image A and image D2 show the results of perspective matching images C with image A. Images AB2, AC2 and AD2 are the result of running the overlay function with image A and the three matches images.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Image: Transform: Linear Match]
This functions can be used to correct size, translation and rotation differences between two images. Two marks are placed on each of the original images, which can be moved to indicate the position of two good matching features in the images. In addition to the marks options are provided to lock the image to prevent resizing[_TAG_ 1] and to allow the software to try to improve the position of your marks[_TAG_ 2].
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Image: Transform: Perspective Match]
This functions can be used to correct size, translation, rotation and perspective distortion differences between two images. Four marks are placed on each of the original images, which can be moved to indicate the position of four good matching features in the images.
There are three basic comparison function included in nip2, Overlay, Slider Blend and Along Line, see figure [_TAG_:reg_comp 8.2]fg:reg_comp. Two images need to be selected and then the chosen function can be performed for the comparison to be performed.
Figure 8.2: Examples of the nip2 objects produced by the three basic comparison functions, Overlay, Slider Blend and Along Line.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Overlay]
This function produces a mono version of the original object and then uses them along with a black image to produce a RGB[_TAG_ 3] colour image. By default the first image is used to create the red chanel, the second image is used to create the green chanel and the black is used for the blue channel, this is know as Green over Red. Here the good areas of overlap will appear yellow, where the green and red images match, see figure [_TAG_:reg_regandcomp 8.1]fg:reg_regandcomp and figure [_TAG_:reg_comp 8.2]fg:reg_comp. The function object does provide the option to change this image order to produce different colours if it is required.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Blend: Slider Blend]
This function effectively places the second image on top of the first and then allows the user to adjust the transparency of the second image by moving a slider back and forward.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Blend: Along Line]
This function produces an new image by blending then together down a line. Options are provided for the user to decided if the images are to be blended left-right or top-bottom and to control the position and degree of the blend.
This can be good if you are wanting to line two images up but not actually change their size. This process does not always improve your match but can be helpful at times. see section [_TAG_:colour 3.3.3]sec:colour


* Material:
Cabinet: Plywood
Basin: Ceramic
Top: Sintered Stone
* Colour:
Cabinet: Black
Top: Black
Basin: Glossy White
* Sizes (mm):
750W * 500D * 450H
* Waterproof Cabinet
* Wall-mounted
* Manufacture pre-assembled
* Soft-closed fully opened drawer
* Warranty:
Domestic use: 36 Months
Spare parts: 12 Months
* Acc:
Chrome Basin Mixer
Pop-up Waste
750mm MONA Wall Hung Vanity
- It should not be placed under strong sunlight or placed at much dry place, that would prevent split and deformation.
- If it has a crack, it would be embedded by mixing up with putty and pigment to keep it as the new one. But it should be noticed that the putty and pigment needed to be the same colour to prevent leaving a scar imprinted.
- Burn marks: If there is burning on the cabinets, leaving a burning mark, it would be taken away by using the cotton to wipe the marks and coating with some wax.
- Iron marks: If leaving some white ironing marks immodestly, it would be wiped by cotton with some alcohol, floral water, kerosene or strong tea.
- Water stain marks: Using wet cotton to cover on the water stain marks, and then using the electric iron to press for many times carefully, it would be disappeared.
- Scratch: If there is a scratch on the cabinet, paint untouched the wood inside, it can be used with the same colour as crayon or paint, smear on the cabinet, to cover the exposed background, and then coated with a thin transparent layer of nail polish.
- Before dusting the cabinet, it should be stacked on some detergent. Don't use the dry cotton to wipe, prevent the scratch. Bathroom cabinets should be used by artificial humidifying in the dry environment.
- Wax regularly: every 6-12 months, using paste wax on the cabinets. Before waxing, it should erase the old wax by the warm non-alkaline soap water.
- Repairment of scratches and dent: the simple method is to use a cotton or brush to coat the similar colour of shoe polish.
- Removing the watermark: Using a clean blotting paper on the watermark, heat the electric iron on it, or using the salad oil, toothpaste to wipe, and then wipe up and wax.
- Removing the white mark: Mixing the soot and lemon juice, salad oil, and then wipe up and wax.
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A Project About Play and Playfulness in Adults
Playfulness is a personality trait that follows us from childhood to adulthood, but in the latter takes on a different form. How you play changes and become more complex, often consisting of rules and strategy. This project challenges the way, we adults, think of play and playfulness.
Project info
Nelita Olsson


text:
Der Struwwelpeter (1845) (or Shockheaded Peter) is a German children's book by Heinrich Hoffmann. It comprises ten illustrated and rhymed stories, mostly about children. Each has a clear moral that demonstrates the disastrous consequences of misbehavior in an exaggerated way. The title of the first story provides the title of the whole book.
Background and publication history
Hoffmann wrote Struwwelpeter in reaction to the lack of good children's books. Intending to buy a picture book as a Christmas present for his three-year-old son, Hoffmann instead wrote and illustrated his own book. In 1845 he was persuaded by friends to publish the book anonymously as Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorierten Tafeln für Kinder von 3–6 Jahren (Funny Stories and Whimsical Pictures with 15 Beautifully Coloured Panels for Children Aged 3 to 6). For third edition, published in 1858, the title changed to Struwwelpeter, the name of the character in the first story. The book became popular among children throughout Europe, and, writes author and researcher Penni Cotton, the pictures and characters showed a great deal of originality and directness.
Struwwelpeter has been translated into several languages. In 1891, Mark Twain wrote his own translation of the book but because of copyright issues, Twain's "Slovenly Peter" was not published until 25 years after his death in 1935.
- "Struwwelpeter" describes a boy who does not groom himself properly and is consequently unpopular.
- In "Die Geschichte vom bösen Friederich" (The Story of Bad Frederick), a violent boy terrorizes animals and people. Eventually he is bitten by a dog, who goes on to eat the boy's sausage while he is bedridden.
- In "Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug" (The Dreadful Story of the Matches), a girl plays with matches and burns to death.
- In "Die Geschichte von den schwarzen Buben" (The Story of the Black Boys), Saint Nicholas catches three boys teasing a dark-skinned boy. To teach them a lesson, he dips the three boys in black ink, to make them even darker-skinned than the boy they'd teased.
- "Die Geschichte von dem wilden Jäger" (The Story of the Wild Huntsman) is the only story not primarily focused on children. In it, a hare steals a hunter's musket and eyeglasses and begins to hunt the hunter. In the ensuing chaos, the hare's child is burned by hot coffee and the hunter falls into a well, presumably to his death.
- In "Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher" (The Story of the Thumb-Sucker), a mother warns her son not to suck his thumbs. However, when she goes out of the house he resumes his thumb sucking, until a roving tailor appears and cuts off his thumbs with giant scissors.
- "Die Geschichte vom Suppen-Kaspar" (The Story of the Soup-Kaspar) begins as Kaspar, a healthy, strong boy, proclaims that he will no longer eat his soup. Over the next five days he wastes away and dies.
- In "Die Geschichte vom Zappel-Philipp" (The Story of the Fidgety Philip), a boy who won't sit still at dinner accidentally knocks all of the food onto the floor, to his parents' great displeasure.
- "Die Geschichte von Hans Guck-in-die-Luft" (The Story of Johnny Head-in-Air) concerns a boy who habitually fails to watch where he's walking. One day he walks into a river; he is soon rescued, but his writing-book drifts away.
- In "Die Geschichte vom fliegenden Robert" (The Story of the Flying Robert), a boy goes outside during a storm. The wind catches his umbrella and sends him to places unknown, and presumably to his doom.
Music, film and stage adaptations
American composer Michael Schelle composed the song cycle Struwwelpeter in 1991. This highly dramatic / theatrical / operatic 28:00 cycle for voice and piano uses seven (7) tales from the original Struwwelpeter collection (Slovenly Peter, Flying Robert, Cry Baby, Fat Augustus, The Inky Boys, Cruel Frederick and Conrad Suck-a-Thumb). He orchestrated the piece for voice and small chamber ensemble in 2007 (that version was premiered at Symphony Space in New York City, featuring tenor Steve Stolen). He orchestrated the piece for larger chamber ensemble in 2013 (that version was premiered at the Schrott Center for the Performing Arts in Indianapolis, featuring tenor Steve Stolen).
Little Suck-a-Thumb (1992), is a psychosexual interpretation of the infamous cautionary tale from Heinrich Hoffman's storybook. The short film by writer/director David Kaplan stars Cork Hubbert (The Ballad of the Sad Café), Evelyn Solann, and Jim Hilbert as the Great Tall Scissorman. It won awards at the 1992 Chicago Film Festival, the 1992 Cork Film Festival, and the 1993 Grenoble Film Festival. It was also awarded 2nd place at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts annual film festival and was screened as an Official Selection at the 1992 Munich International Festival of Film Schools. It is collected with 2 other short films on the DVD Little Red Riding Hood and Other Stories.
Influence and references
The Struwwelpeter characters make another appearance in Heinrich Hoffmann's 1851 illustrated children's book König Nussknacker und der arme Reinhold. The characters are portrayed as living inhabitants of a fantasy world visited by the protagonist, Reinhold, and the Struwwelpeter book itself is depicted as one of the Christmas presents that appear beneath Reinhold's Christmas tree. Writing for the journal Neurotica in 1951, Dr. Rudolph Friedmann studied the stories so intensely for analytic psychosexual imagery that Dwight Macdonald was moved to include the essay in his 1960 anthology of parodies as a sincere but inadvertent example of the form.
W. H. Auden refers to the Scissor-Man in his 1930's poem "The Witnesses" (also known as "The Two"):
And now with sudden swift emergence
Come the women in dark glasses, the humpbacked surgeons
And the Scissor Man.
The "Story of Soup-Kaspar" is parodied in Astrid Lindgren's Pippi Longstocking (1945), with a tall story about a Chinese boy named Peter who refuses to eat a swallow's nest served to him by his father, and dies of starvation five months later.
Jasper Fforde's novel The Fourth Bear features a town heavily influenced by "cautionary tales" based on stories from Struwwelpeter. M.J. Trow in "The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade" recreates each of the cautionary tales as the work of a serial killer.
Paulinchen, the young girl burned to death, was featured in campaign posters of the Christian Democratic Union Party in German elections in the 1990s. Playing up on her green dress and red bows and shoes, voters were warned "keine rot-grünen Experimente!" ("no red-green experiments!"), the implication being that a coalition of the SPD (Social Democrats, who traditionally use red in their campaign material) and Greens would entail a disastrous outcome for Germany.
In a 2005 episode of the American version of The Office ("Take Your Daughter to Work Day", Season 2), Dwight attempts to entertain the children of several employees by reading "Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher"
In an episode of Family Guy ("Business Guy" season 8), Peter remarks that Lois is more disheartening than a German bedtime story. The scene then cuts away to a depiction of "Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher".
In 2009 German comic artist David Füleki released two modern version of Struwwelpeter: a manga-style comic book featuring all original characters in a fight against a totalitarian dictatorship and a newly illustrated version of the original book.
- Cotton, Penni (2000). Picture Books Sans Frontières. Trentham Books. p. 11. ISBN 1-85856-183-3.
- Ashton (1995). "Fetching the jingle along: Mark Twain's Slovenly Peter". Children's Literature Association Quarterly. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- Elyse Sommer (2005). "Shockheaded Peter Makes a Comeback". CurtainUp. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
- "Little Suck-a-Thumb: A cautionary tale". Malaprop Productions. 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
- Macdonald, Dwight, Parodies, Random House, 1960, pgs. 493-501
Further reading
- Ashton, Susanna M.; Petersen, Amy Jean (Spring 1995). "'Fetching the Jingle Along' – Mark Twain's Slovenly Peter". The Children's Literature Association Quarterly 20 (1): 36–41.
- Carpenter, Humphrey, and Mari Prichard. (1984). The Oxford Companion to Chidren's Literature. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-211582-0
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Struwwelpeter|
- English Struwwelpeter, or, Pretty stories and


Monday, May 5, 2014
Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation to Stop Islamic Propaganda to our Children
Pamela Geller / Atlas Shrugs
This is a very good first step to purge our public schools of Islamic proselytizing and historical revisionism. Check your children and your grandchildren's textbooks. Find like-minded parents. Pushback.
"Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation," By Creeping Sharia
…to stop the stealth Islamic proselytizing of your children.
Aya Sewell, Sarasota Citizen Activist Protests
Aya Sewell, Sarasota Citizen Activist Protests
NER: Last Friday in Tallahassee, April 11, 2014, the Republican controlled Florida Senate passed SB864 sponsored by Sen. Alan Hays (R-Umatilla) by a narrow vote of 21 to 19. The measure would eliminate State Department of Education control over selection of textbooks returning that role to Florida's 67 school districts, requiring open public hearing on texts used in courses. The bill reflected in part concerns of conservative Groups over the Common Core Curriculum State Standards, sponsored by the National Association of Governors and Council of Chief State School Officers seeking to impose national standards. Despite that criticism the Common Core has been adopted in Forty-four states, the District of Columbia, four territories, and the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA).
However, SB864 was largely prompted by a different issue; objections of parental groups in several Florida counties in about the treatment of Islam and Muslim culture in world history textbooks on the Florida State Department of Education list of approved texts. A companion bill (HB 921) is working its way through the Florida House sponsored by Rep. Matt Gaetz of Fort Walton. That version would provide a local option to districts to review texts; however, the selections must still meet state standards. Gaetz was quoted in a News Herald editorial saying:
"I think there's an increasing frustration by parents in our state, that they don't have a lot of say regarding the content and materials their children use in the classroom."
Local advocates here in Florida drew attention to misrepresentations of Islam in protests in Volusia, Brevard and Sarasota Counties. Our Iconoclast post on the subject, "Sarasota, Florida's biased Islam textbook problem", highlighted the relentless efforts of citizen activist Aya Sewell.
Ms. Sewell is of Iraqi Jewish heritage, members of her family were subject to a 1941 pogrom against the Jewish population in Baghdad, the Farhud. Sewell led a campaign against such texts locally in Sarasota, as well as before the Florida Department of Education. Elsewhere in the US, Tennessee parents have also raised objections to similar course material extolling Palestinian suicide bombers. Americans for Peace and Tolerance (APT) in Boston accused the Newton, Massachusetts school board and superintendent for permitting use of texts and course materials that engage in promoting false information regarding both Islam and demonization of Israel.
APT undertook content and bias analysis and promoted their findings that included placing ads in local area media and a petition campaign.
An article in the current edition of Education Week noted the debate over the pending Florida textbook legislation:
[Sen. ]Hays said the legislation was needed so that school board members will be accountable to parents and voters. He said school board members have blamed the state for the textbooks they picked.
"This bill imposes on the local school board members the responsibility and accountability to their citizens," Hays said.
Opponents complained it would cost districts money to review textbooks. Sen. Geraldine Thompson, D-Orlando, said she was worried that some districts would wind up censoring some books, while other senators raised questions about whether districts would pick textbooks aligned to the state's current standards.
Even Florida Education Commissioner Pam Stewart questioned Hays' bill.
"From a practical standpoint it lifts a burden from us," Stewart said. "But we heard loud and clear from districts that they rely on (the state review). They need that. They don't have the resources to be able to do that."
The post Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation to Stop Islamic Propaganda to our Children appeared first on Pamela Geller, Atlas Shrugs.
Government Land Grabs: The Truth Exposed - Part 4
By: Diane Sori
Again it's no coincidence that the maps correspond directly with the government land grabs in the western United States. We also provide in that article, details as to whom the recipients are of our most volatile natural resources. It's stunning to say the least.
western 2Now in this, our final part of this investigative series, we will floor you with a few more resources that lie under the ground of the western lands being seized, unconstitutionally by our federal government and how those other resources play into your lives, because of the agenda and ideology of the Obama regime, in a most disturbing and dire way.
Of the other resources buried beneath the hijacked lands in the west is none other than helium. Yes, helium and if you think it's just for party balloons…think again but, before we get into the true and most disturbing part of this, you need to know a few things about our helium reserves.
Our government has a long history of maintaining control over our deposits of helium and, from 1929 until 1960, the U.S. government was the ONLY domestic producer of the gas at which point, the Helium Act OF 1960 directed the Secretary of the Interior to ACQUIRE and conserve helium using funds 'borrowed' from the United States Treasury.
western 3As demand for helium increased through the 1990's,'incentives' were offered to PRIVATE natural gas producers to distill the gas and sell it to the GOVERNMENT but privatization of the process was retooled in 1996 when, guess who…The Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM) was put in charge of providing crude helium to refiners, regulating helium withdrawal from the federal pipeline…the very same government entity also in charge of grabbing western lands and running private landholders OFF the land. Interesting isn't it?
For a decade, between 1996 and 2006, congress was able to maintain privatization of the helium in our western states, selling off vast reserves of it until April of 2008, just scant months before the nomination of Obama when Department of the Interior, (the BLM) and the National Research Council formed a committee to revisit the issue of selling off most of the reserve. Then, in August of 2008, just before Obama's election, the US Dept. of the Interior Inspector General's Office of Inspections and Office of Investigations found the BLM helium program vulnerable to fraud, abuse and large losses stemming from its less-than-arms-length relationship with a contractor representing several large helium refiners on the pipeline.
WESTERN 4Compare the image above where everything in red is controlled by the federal government to the other map image that shows uranium deposits (and anywhere one finds uranium, one also finds helium) to see they match almost to a tee.
So, why is it now, that the corrupt BLM is tasked with the seizing of more and more western land where oil shale, coal, natural gas, uranium and…HELIUM are situated? Yes, it's a simple scientific fact that where one finds natural gas and uranium one also finds helium (and other resources) buy why would this regime be so hell bent on controlling HELIUM of all things?
Remember…they who control the land control the resources on and under it. Those who control the resources control the energy from its extraction to its production to its price and to its consumption. When the government controls our most important energy deposits…it controls the people and a key component of controlling the people, to this regime specifically, is control over the lives of the people as in who gets to keep on living at all.
That's correct…HELIUM as well as a few other resources found widely on the lands the Obama regime is making inaccessible to any and all private landholders plays a KEY role in…
YES ObamaCare...for under the grounds already owned or currently wanted by the BLM sits our nation's deposits of both helium and vanadium...and while most think of helium as just the stuff that fills balloons and probably no one ever heard of vanadium, both are critical to nuclear power plant operations and to the medical industry, and therefore critical to ObamaCare with its dreaded 'death panels.'
Helium (there are two forms of helium, helium-3 and helium-4) is commercially recovered from natural gas deposits in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Kansas with some of the richest resources under the Texas Panhandle...under land the feds want. And there are helium extraction operations on BLM land in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, and BLM processing 'facilities' in Texas and Kansas. And here's something of interest, the Federal Helium Stockpile is located outside Amarillo Texas, is owned by U.S. citizens but is inaccessible to all but the feds...hmmm...
Helium-3 is primarily used as cooling medium for our nuclear reactors and thus comes under the control of the federal government. So while it's bad enough that Obama has put a moratorium on building new nuclear power plants, just remember that even if NO moratorium was in place he could just order the processing to be stopped on lands where BLM processing plants are located.
Controlled by the feds...and if that's NOT enough to raise your


text:
Role of the Teacher
This article discusses specific examples of virtually mediated interactions involving two transatlantic groups of student-teachers who engaged in a task-based telecollaborative project for the purposes of a teacher education course.
The Vygotskyan framework of learning and development and particularly the construct of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in a collaborative frame serve as the theoretical basis of this study. This article aims to: (1) analyze the essentially language-mediated interactions to trace instantiations of virtual collaboration developmentally (2) discuss teacher learning outcomes of the (tele)collaborative activity, and (3) examine learning as expansion of what was explicitly proposed as objectives of the course, resulting from reasoned action i.e., reflection on the process and outcomes of the activity. The findings suggest that the effective integration of telecollaborative activities in pre-service teacher education programmes can enhance teacher learning in significant ways.


King Alfred Press
Home » culture » What's in a Name?
What's in a Name?
Text Widget
Last week, the Weekender Herald published a very amusing article entitled "Looking at Life." The article, written by John Ovenden, lampooned one of the more absurd (and that's saying something) discussions between the members of the so-called "local progress association."
The topic of discussion was name changes for the various townships in the Adelaide Hills. What John Ovenden was lampooning was the pretentiousness of these groups and just how out of touch they are with the common people.
The fact that our supposed "social betters" are willing to change the names of townships to suit their own ideological needs is hardly new. Today, only those with an interest in local history would know about Adelaide Hill's rich German heritage. Anti-German sentiment generated by the First World War (1914 – 1918) caused the authorities to change the names of many German settlements. As a consequence, Blumberg was changed to Birdwood, Grunthal was changed to Verdun, Hahndorf was briefly changed to Ambleside (though it was changed back in 1935), and Germantown Hill was changed to Vimy Ridge (it was later absorbed into Bridgewater with the road being renamed 'Germantown Hill').
The same thing appears to be occurring today, albeit for entirely different reasons. The general distaste for Germanness had developed into a general revulsion for all of western culture.
A perfect example of this is the Mount Barker District Council and their attempts to modernise Mount Barker. Given that the population of the township is estimated to reach almost sixty-thousand by 2036, there can be little doubt that this modernisation is largely necessary.
However, one cannot help but worry that this modernisation will be used as an excuse to dismantle much of the town's heritage. I worry that this modernisation will be used to remove statues and demolish old buildings. There are signs of this happening already. Take, as an example, the statue installed at the top of Gawler Street. Like virtually all modern art, it is a travesty which fails to connect people with their heritage let alone represent anything.
Fortunately, most of the Adelaide Hills has rejected this pernicious call to change. Instead, they have clung onto their traditions and their heritage. When one drives through the Adelaide Hills, one sees old farmhouses, old Churches, and open fields.
This is partially natural and partially deliberate. It is certainly true that the country is always more conservative than the city. On the other hand, however, local heritage has been preserved thanks to the tireless work of numerous local historical societies.
What is more, it is perfectly possible to bring a township into the modern age without destroying its heritage. Hahndorf is a case in point. Australia's "oldest German settlement" has managed to modernise itself without sacrificing its traditional façade. Furthermore, it has even managed to capitalise on its German character and heritage. Along its main street, one can find boutique stores, small cafes, restaurants, and pubs that one would expect to find in old townships. Yet along that main street one can also find Asian restaurants, tattoo parlours, and other more modern venues.
Why are some local councils so hell-bent on destroying the heritage of the towns they have been elected to govern? Part of the answer can be found in their nature. Local councils, like most bureaucratic bodies, are left-wing by nature. As such, they eschew heritage and tradition. The impetus is on progress not on preserving local heritage.
The Mount Barker Council, for example, has signalled their commitment to so-modern "values" over adherence to tradition and stability. Rather than occupying one of the township's historical building, the local Council has instead decided to occupy an ugly, multi-storeyed office building.
There is a darker reason, however. There are those who wish to alienate people from their heritage by destroying their cultures and traditions. Among the tactics they employ is the defamation of local and national history, the abolition of holidays such as Christmas and Australia day, and the demolition of old buildings, statues, and other historical sites. They hope that by dismantling a town or nation's heritage, they can remould society along their ideological lines.
Fortunately, a great deal of work has been done to protect local heritage. Local historical societies, the History Trust, and other similar organisations have worked tirelessly to protect and preserve local history.
It is our culture and our heritage that has made us who we are. We must resist attempts to destroy it. What's in a name? Everything.
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Homologous bladder augmentation in dog with the bladder acellular matrix graft
Dr E.A. Tanagho, Department of Urology, U-575, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0738, USA.
Objective To determine the functional potential and antigenicity of the homologous bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in a dog model.
Materials and methods Seven mongrel dogs underwent partial cystectomy (20–50%) and grafting with an equal-sized BAMG; two control animals underwent partial cystectomy (40%) only. The dogs were killed after 30 (one), 120 (one) and 210 days (five dogs). Blood samples were obtained before and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 210 days after surgery. The dogs underwent cystography, intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography before and after surgery, and on the day they were killed, with cystoscopy carried out just before death. The grafted tissue was assessed using routine and immunohistochemical techniques.
Results All the dogs survived surgery; a complete blood cell count, chemical panel and white blood cell count showed no significant difference between the experimental and control animals. Cystography, cystoscopy and ultrasonography revealed no pathological changes in the upper urinary tract. After 7 months, the mean bladder capacity in the augmented dogs was significantly higher (P = 0.035) than in the controls (264 vs 172 mL). Histological evaluation showed an invasion of all bladder wall components during the first month; at 7 months, the morphological examination showed essentially complete regeneration.
Conclusion In this dog model, the potential of the BAMG as a bladder augmentation graft was confirmed, having minimal antigenicity with maximal acceptance. The reconstructed bladder matched the morphological and functional properties of the normal bladder.


Curation for Engagement
[fa icon="calendar"] Aug 16, 2019 1:26:04 PM / by Elizabeth Chaney
Elizabeth Chaney
Driving engagement is all about enabling the user to easily get to what they need when they need it to accomplish what they are trying to do. Webinfinity data has confirmed that curation is key.
There are multiple ways to curate assets within the Webinfinity system - interests, tag-driven widgets, collections and information pages.
Webinfinity - Many curation options
The Webinfinity solution is designed with many different curation options to drive engagement. "Interests" are driven by tags in the system. They can be configured for specific user engagement scenarios such as a library of specific resources, resources for a specific task, promotions for a specific product or solution, and many more only limited by the curator's imagination and target user needs. An Interest automatically curates specific types of resources, for specific types of job functions and tasks, and for specific geographic locations and languages, according to the configured rules. Interests become extremely useful when the curator wishes to auto-curate a specific group of defined assets.
To create an interest, the content must all have at least one factor in common. For example, an interest can be all battle cards loaded into the system or it can be all battle cards for a specific geography, target audience or selling situation. Interests become fragmented and potentially less useful, when the topic broadens to more types of assets, user roles, geographies or tasks. They are most valuable when the defining point of curation can be pinpointed.
Dynamic tag-driven widgets in the Webinfinity solution work in much the same way as interests. These widgets are useful to present information to the user with specific tags typically on an information page or as assets related to a specific item. "Explore Count" widgets present the user with a count so they can easily see how many assets are available - key uses being for suggested content in a guided selling scenario, the number of approved incentives, and many more. "Tag Explore" widgets are useful when the curator wants to automatically create a list of assets on a page, using the tag categories contained in an entire tag list. This is a quick way to auto-build an explore page for users to quickly see what's available for a specific product or solution area.
"Collections" and "Information Pages" are designed to easily and manually curate an experience, configuring content, applications and tools together to produce quality outcomes for specific job functions and tasks, and for specific geographic locations and languages. Collections are ordered by the curator to potentially guide the users through the assets on a specific topic. Search and filtering work inside the collection to enable the user to easily pinpoint what they need. Information Pages are designed to provide an even more structured approach to the presentation of the assets. They are an aggregation point for a curated experience, combining interests, collections and potentially the dynamic widgets described above.
Manual vs. dynamic curation - which is best?
Manual curation is better suited for specific product launches and announcements, specific time-stamped incentives and promotions, or specific guided experiences needing a manually configured structure. Manual curation would apply if the content does not have one specific tag common denominator. A product launch may include price lists, battle cards, guides, product specifications and more.
Dynamic curation is particularly powerful when the curator wishes the system to auto-track and add assets as they are posted - e.g. news, technical reports, promotions, deals, price lists, etc. Dynamic curation is used for grouping items to produce a pinpointed experience such as is the case with specific asset libraries, and possibly specific tasks depending on the breadth and variability of the assets. Dynamic curation could also be ideal for regional curators looking to group specific announcements or promotions for a specific country or region. This task can be onerous if done manually.
The final decision regarding dynamic vs. manual curation of content has to do with placement. A dynamic "interest" will list items chronologically with the newest item on top. A manual "collection" or "information page" allows the curator to order the content items based on what makes sense for the topic at hand. The key here is to understand what the target users need to find what they need to accomplish their task.
Topics: Enterprise, Personalized Experience, Content, Engagement
Elizabeth Chaney
Written by Elizabeth Chaney


text:
I'm looking for a way to say that something it is really difficult, like when you start learning a new language, or reading something that you are not familiar with and there are terms that you never heard before. I found this "double Dutch", but not sure if it is still used or substituted by doublespeak or double talk.
The sentence is
[...]better understand all the "technical" terms that sometimes sound double Dutch.
I'm wondering if I should add like:
sound like double Dutch.
From the comment (thanks _USER_ Healey): Adding 'like' would make it a literal statement, and thus mean something that had the same phonics as 'double Dutch' So for example 'bubble hutch' would "sound like" 'double Dutch' as opposed to something which is not-understood.
edit: Do the words gobbledygook OR gibberish make more sense for what I want to say?


Tolkien Gateway
Great Gulf
Revision as of 03:20, 25 April 2012 by Gamling (Talk | contribs)
Great Gulf
Physical Description
LocationSouth of Endor, north of Hither Lands, coming from Belegaer toward the Straits of the World
The Great Gulf was an immense gulf which divided Beleriand and the other northern parts of Middle-earth from the unknown south during the First Age.[1]
The Great Gulf was created after the destruction of the Two Lamps by Melkor and in the following war, when the Valar widened the great sea Belegaer. The Gulf started at the southern end of Beleriand, and from there flowed east all the way to where later was south Gondor, where a narrow strip of land separated it from the Sea of Helcar.
North of the Great Gulf lay the lands of Beleriand and Eriador, south of it lay those lands which later would be known as Far Harad.
After the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age, the Great Gulf drained the Sea of Helcar and effectively disappeared itself, because much of Middle-earth was drowned. Only its eastern end remained, and became known as the Bay of Belfalas.


text:
Crime and Inequality
By Chris Grover
Published December 14th 2010 by Willan – 288 pages
This book examines key relationships between material circumstances and crime, and analyzes the areas of social policy – in particular social security and labour market policy – that are most important in terms of dealing with inequality at the lower end of the income hierarchy. It seeks to explain why inequality is linked to offending behaviour and the evidence underpinning explanations for this, and looks in detail at the relationship between offending and anti-social behaviour and its management through social policy interventions.
Crime and Inequality draws upon both criminological and social policy approaches to understand this vital relationship, moving beyond criminological approaches which often fail to analyse the way the state attempts to manage poor material circumstance, offending and anti-social behaviour through social policy.
The main aims of the book are threefold: to draw upon the disciplines of both criminology and social policy to understand the relationship between crime and inequality; to provide an in-depth analysis of those aspects of social policy that have a bearing on the context, management and punishment of offending behaviour; to examine government crime and anti-social behaviour policies in the context of social security and labour market policies, and to identify the tensions that have resulted from attempts to address social justice issues while also making individuals responsible for their actions.
1. Introduction. Crime, Inequality and Social Policy. Criminalising Social Policy?. Inequality, Poverty and Social Exclusion 2. Crime and Inequality. Introduction. Inequalities in Contemporary Society. Young People: Particularly Disadvantaged. Crime and Inequality. Conclusion 3. Young Men. Introduction. The Problem for Young Men. The Problem with Young Men. Men, Crime and Unemployment in Policy. Not in Education, Employment and Training (NEET). Tackling the Unemployment of Young Men. Conclusion 4. Parenting and Anti-social Behaviour. Introduction. Families, Anti-social Behaviour and the 'Parenting Deficit'. Parenting and Anti-social Behaviour. Parenting, Anti-social Behaviour and Criminal Justice Policy. Parenting, Anti-social Behaviour and Social Policy. Parenting, Material Context and Gender. Parenting, Anti-social Behaviour and State Welfare. Conclusion 5. Women, Crime and Inequality. Introduction. Women and Inequality. Women, Crime and Poverty. Breeding delinquents? Lone Mothers and Role Models. Getting Lone Mothers into Paid Work. Lone Mothers and Paid Work: Rationalities and Consistencies. Lone Mothers and Policy: Reproducing the Material Context of Offending. Conclusion. 6. Crime, Inequality and Ethnicity.Introduction. Inequality and Ethnicity. Connecting Inequality, Crime and Ethnicity. Uprising, Culture and Material Conditions. Conclusion. 7. Street Homelessness and Crime.Introduction. Street Homelessness and Crime. Rough Sleepers as Victims of the Crimes of the 'Respectable'. Vindictiveness, Relative Deprivation and the Undeserving Poor. Tackling Rough Sleeping. Conclusion. 8. Financial Penalties: Punishing Poor People.Introduction. Sentencing and Economic Inequalities. Financial Penalties and Inequality. Relating Fines to Income. Fines and Social Security Benefits. Community Punishments and Social Security Benefits. Conclusion. 9. Conclusion.The Boundaries of Academic Disciplines. Inconsistencies and Tensions. The Importance of Paid Work. Crime, Social Policy and 'Free' Market Capitalism. Social Divisions, Crime and Inequality. Crime, Inequality and Social Policy into the Future
Chris Grover is Senior Lecturer in Social Policy at Lancaster University.


text:
The dome, constructed in 1881, originally housed a 12-inch Clark
refractor. The two foot wide dome slit was widened to accomodate the
1-m Nickel reflector. The new slit is not overly generous for the
Nickel, with only a few inches of clearance on each side when the
telescope is centered. Also, the slit does block part of the aperture
(maximum occultation of about 40%) when the telescope is at zenith
distances less than 6.9 degrees.
During regular operations the dome is slaved to the telescope to ensure that the telescope aperture is not blocked. Dome tracking of the telescope is enabled with the DomeAuto setting in the POCO telescope control software. It is also possible to manually position the dome via the POCO software (select DomeHold and use the Manual Dome function) or via a manual rocker switch in the Nickel dome (you must select DomeFloor in POCO to position the dome using the rocker switch).
The dome shutter can be opened or closed remotely via the naux_fe software or manually from a control box mounted on the dome itself (see Figure 2). The Dome shutter button is the bottom of the switches and simply pushing it once will open or close the shutter (it is actually a garage door opener that activates the dome shutter). Occasionally the shutter will fail to open or close fully, usually due to wind blowing on the shutter. Often a second or third try to open/close the dome will be successful. If it continues to fail to open or close fully, try rotating the dome to another location and try again.
The windscreen (Figure 3) is controlled with the naux_fe software. It may also be moved manually with the three position toggle switch (shown in Figure 2). The toggle switch has three positions: up moves the windscreen up, down moves it down, and the central position stops its motion. The software control has three buttons, intuitively labeled Up, Down, and Stop.
The windscreen is quite good at reducing wind shake of the telescope, but caution should be observed when using the windscreen at wind speeds greater than about 30 mph. When the telescope is not in use, the windscreen should be stowed in its full up position.
There are both white and red lights in the dome. The light switch and dimmer for the red light are next to the door. The lower white lights also have a switch by the door or can be controlled from naux_fe. Observers using the Nickel from a remote site may want to turn on these lights to check the state of the telescope and dome via the video cameras before moving the telescope or if they perceive any problems with telescope or dome motion or control.
There is a second set of brighter lights mounted on the rotating dome. Their power switch is located on the dome shutter controller (see Figure 2). These lights are not remotely controlled.
Dome Flat Field Screen
The dome has a flat field screen that can be used with either the dome flats lamp or the telescope lamps. Either way the dome needs to be rotated +38 degrees in azimuth and the telescope needs to be at least Dec -05:00:00. A standard flats position is Dome Az 218, Telescope HA 0, Dec -05:00:00.
Figure 1: Photo Courtesy of Laurie Hatch
Figure 2: Shutter and Windscreen Control
Flat Field Screen
A flat field screen (Figure 3) is mounted to the left of the dome slit. The windscreen may also be used as a flat field screen. The flat field screen is recommended when taking direct imaging flat fields, particularly with the bluer filters. For spectral flats we recommend using the windscreen because of flexure of the instrument and fringing at the red end of the detector. Using the windscreen enables you to get an appropriate spectral flat field no matter what the position of the telescope.
Figure 3: Windscreen and Flat Field Screen


text:
In 1996, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was commissioned to create an award to recognize and honor outstanding scientists and engineers at the outset of their independent research careers. The NSTC was established to coordinate the multiagency science and technology policy-making process, and to implement and integrate the President's science and technology policy agenda across the federal government.
The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) embodies the high priority placed by the government on maintaining the leadership position of the United States in science by producing outstanding scientists and engineers and nurturing their continued development. The Awards identify a cadre of outstanding scientists and engineers who will broadly advance science and the missions important to the participating agencies.
The PECASE Awards are intended to recognize some of the finest scientists and engineers who, while early in their research careers, show exceptional potential for leadership at the frontiers of scientific knowledge during the twenty-first century. The Awards foster innovative and far-reaching developments in science and technology, increase awareness of careers in science and engineering, give recognition to the scientific missions of participating agencies, enhance connections between fundamental research and national goals, and highlight the importance of science and technology for the nation's future.
The PECASE Award is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers. The awards are conferred annually at the White House following recommendations from participating agencies. To be eligible for a PECASE Award, an individual must be a U.S. citizen, national or permanent resident. Each Presidential award winner receives a citation, a plaque and funding from their agency for up to five years to advance his or her research. Individuals can receive only one PECASE award in their careers.
The agencies participating in the PECASE Awards program are:
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Commerce
- Department of Defense
- Department of Energy
- Department of Education
- Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health
- Department of Interior
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Science Foundation


Assigning product access to students in Imagine Español
In order for students to log in to the Literacy portal and begin using Imagine Learning, they must be assigned to Imagine Language & Literacy, Imagine Español, or Imagine Reading. Administrators can assign product access to any students in their organization, and Teachers can assign product access to any students assigned to their group(s).
Students must be assigned to a group before they can be assigned product access.
To assign product access to students
 1. Log in to the Literacy portal.
 2. On your Dashboard, click Manage Students under the Manage heading
 3. Search, filter, or page to find the student account(s) that you want to edit.
 1. Search for student names in the Search box.
 2. Filter student names by clicking Add Filter and choosing how you want to filter results. (To remove a filter, click the X in the filter tag.)
 3. Page through student names by clicking the arrows at the bottom of the list.
 4. Click the checkbox next to the students that you want to assign products to, then click Assign Product Access.
 5. Click the checkbox for the product that you want to assign to each student, then click Next.
 6. Choose any product settings for the products you've assigned. If a product setting does not apply to the product you chose, it does not display.
 Field Description
 Session Time
 Specifies the student's session time in minutes. The session time is the amount of time the student should play Imagine Language & Literacy or Imagine Español during a single session.
 By default, the session time is 20 minutes.
 Language Support: Español
 Specifies the audio support language for the student if they are using Imagine Español. The audio support language translates instructions in the Imagine Learning Student app into the student's native language while the student uses Imagine Español. Choose the audio support language that you want to use form the Language Support drop-down list.
 By default, the audio support language for Imagine Español is Spanish.
 7. Click Save. You'll see a confirmation of the products you've assigned.
 8. Click Done.
Once product access has been assigned to a student, it can't be removed by an Administrator or Educator. To remove student product access you will need to contact customer care.


PALMA (Proyecto Avance, Latino Mentoring Association) is a twice-weekly tutoring group that helps Latino students in the Ann Arbor area with their schoolwork, and helps adults with basic English as a Second Language instruction. Our primary goal is to help foster academic excellence by encouraging the students to learn and monitoring their progress.


text:
Introduction Concussion prevalence in sport is well recognized, so too is the challenge of clinical and return-to-play management for an injury with an inherent indeterminant time course of resolve. A clear, valid insight into the anticipated resolution time could assist in planning treatment intervention. Purpose This study implemented a supervised machine learning-based approach in modeling estimated symptom resolve time in high school athletes who incurred a concussion during sport activity. Methods We examined the efficacy of 10 classification algorithms using machine learning for the prediction of symptom resolution time (within 7, 14, or 28 d), with a data set representing 3 yr of concussions suffered by high school student-athletes in football (most concussion incidents) and other contact sports. Results The most prevalent sport-related concussion reported symptom was headache (94.9%), followed by dizziness (74.3%) and difficulty concentrating (61.1%). For all three category thresholds of predicted symptom resolution time, single-factor ANOVA revealed statistically significant performance differences across the 10 classification models for all learners at a 95% confidence interval (P = 0.000). Naïve Bayes and Random Forest with either 100 or 500 trees were the top-performing learners with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve performance ranging between 0.656 and 0.742 (0.0-1.0 scale). Conclusions Considering the limitations of these data specific to symptom presentation and resolve, supervised machine learning demonstrated efficacy, while warranting further exploration, in developing symptom-based prediction models for practical estimation of sport-related concussion recovery in enhancing clinical decision support.
- AUGMENTED INTELLIGENCE
- SPORTS MEDICINE
- TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation


text:
This paper examines the drained bearing response of circular footings resting on structured soil deposits. Numerical simulations have been carried out using a finite element formulation of the Structured Cam Clay model. A parametric study was conducted by varying the parameters that govern the behaviour of structured soils and guidelines are given for designers to identify when effects of the soil structure are important. Under fully drained conditions, deformation within the structured soil supporting the footing usually occurs as a local or punching shear failure due to high compressibility of the structured soil and the mobilised bearing pressure increases with the footing movement, without reaching an ultimate value. A novel approximate method is presented to obtain the load–displacement response of a rigid circular footing resting on the surface of a structured soil deposit. This requires the properties of the soil in the reconstituted state and two additional parameters, which govern the natural structure of the soil. The proposed method has been applied to a published case study, where plate load test results are given for rigid circular steel plates resting on structured soil deposits. Fair agreement is observed between the computed and experimental results, suggesting the approximate method may be useful in design studies of foundations on structured soil deposits.
Computers and Geotechnics Vol. 36, Issue 3, p. 493-502


text:
The Destructive Power of Water
Many of the features of the Earth's surface have been formed by the cutting and eroding action of moving water. When you think about how hard rock is compared to water, it's easy to believe that it must have taken hundreds of thousands or even millions of years for water to shape the land. This ignorance about how rapidly water cuts rock has cost people their lives.
In April 1987 a 300 foot section of the 540 foot long New York Thruway Bridge collapsed into the Choharie Creek. The moving waters of the creek had created turbulence around the bridge's pilings. Within a few years, this turbulence cut away the rock in which the pilings were anchored, and with nothing to hold it up, the bridge collapsed.
In June 1987 a section of the 2,800 foot long Clearwater Pass Bridge in Florida dropped 10 inches. Divers sent down to inspect the bridge pilings found that more than 10 feet of rock had been scoured away from the bridge's pilings. Similar instances of moving water cutting away solid rock in a short period of time can be found by dams.
When many of these structures were built, it was assumed that it took tens of thousands of years for water to erode solid rock. But experience has now shown us that water is able to do in a few years or even a few hours what scientists once thought took thousands or millions of years. Another lesson to be learned is that we don't need tens of thousands of years to form the water carved features of our Earth!