the rune of planning, waiting, and seeing your plans comes to fruition. Like the oncoming harvest, a lot of what this rune tells you depends on your actions and plans. It is a positive rune in many cases, but it can be very frustrating because it advises waiting.
In Anglo-Saxon, Jera is spelled Ger or Ior, and in Old Norse it is Ar. Jera is the rune of good harvest. As with a harvest, there must be preparations to the fields, seeds planted, and crops tended. But Jera suggests that the harvest will be good, and you just have to be patient.
Like Isa, this rune requires waiting, but like the harvest, it promises good things in abundance. Our Northern ancestors were primarily farmers and understood that they had to wait to receive the bounty of their harvest. Harvest didn't happen in a day or a week. It started after the last harvest with plans for the next season. Farmers had to save seeds from the current harvest to replant their vegetables and grain crops. They had to prepare their fields to lie fallow over the winter. And then, they had to wait until the ground thawed after a long winter so they could plow and plant their seeds. With each planting, the farmer hoped for a good crop without pests and diseases. But Jera is a rune of good harvest, which means droughts, hailstorms, and damaging weather, as well as pests and diseases, aren't a factor for this harvest. It means there will be plenty and good times are ahead.
Divination with Jera
When you get this rune in a casting, it informs you that good things will happen, but you must wait. Because Jera is derived from the proto-Germanic word meaning "year" (jēr) and the Old Norse word for year is Ar, it suggests that your waiting for good news may take a long time, quite possibly a year or longer. Jera tells you that all your preparation and plans will come to pass. That good times are ahead, and that you will reap a bountiful harvest. But it advises patience as well. Good things don't happen all at once. It takes time and planning for you to succeed in whatever endeavor you are asking the runes about.
Should you get this rune in your castings, you're going to enjoy good things coming your way, but you must be patient. If other runes around it are negative and it is drawn in the future spot, it means that all your trials and travails will end with something good heading your way. If it is in a past spot, it suggests that you are coming off a time of harvest and new situations may arise. A present spot may suggest you moving into harvest, or maybe a cycle that will bring you towards the good things. Above all, just be patient. Good things come to those who wait.
Some Final Thoughts on Jera
When Jera appears in a spread, you may find that the outcome you are waiting for depends on your preparation and work. Nothing is ever easy with the runes, just as nothing was ever easy for our ancestors. Jera is a signal in many ways to work towards your goal, and if you are willing to work hard, you'll enjoy the fruits of your success. As always, the position where Jera appears as well as the runes around it will dictate how successful your endeavors are. Good luck!
The Elder Futhark: Isa
The Elder Futhark: Isa
The eleventh, and third rune of Heimdallr's ætt, is Isa, which corresponds to the "I" sound in the Latin alphabet (the alphabet we use). This is considered a negative rune, whenever it comes up. It does occasionally have positive sides, but I'll talk about that later. It is the rune of ice, winter, standstill, and waiting. If you get this rune, you're going to be frustrated, because it means that everything is at a standstill. Like an ice dam, something is being blocked until you or something else can remove it. It can also point to a river covered with ice: nothing seems to be moving, but there may be an underlying current beneath the ice.
In Anglo-Saxon, Isa is spelled Is, and in Old Norse it is Isa. Isa is the rune of standstill, winter, and waiting. Our Northern ancestors were no strangers to the long, harsh northern winters, and the prevailing ice that accompanied them.
Winter was a time of waiting. Sure, there were feasts, such as Yule, and winter activities such as skiing and ice skating. But our ancestors were waiting for spring, when the animals gave birth, and when the crops could be sowed.
Winter was a time when people had to live off their food harvested in the fall. It was often a time of scarcity and hunger, especially if the crops failed. Sometimes people hunted and fished to bring in food, but often the prevailing ice and snow prevented such activites. Game migrated when the snows got too deep, making it difficult to hunt. So, people waited–and hoped for–an early spring.
Divination with Isa
When you get this rune in a casting, it informs you that you must wait for an answer. The amount of time is indeterminate but finite, meaning that you could be waiting a long, long time. This is why Isa is considered a negative rune. Most of the time, we can deal with a "yes" or "no" when it comes to an answer. Isa tells us we must be patient and wait.
Isa is an interesting rune, though, because although it suggests everything is at a standstill, there is a finite amount of time before everything frees up again. It may suggest something is blocking your forward progression. You can break through that ice dam, but it may be a serious challenge ahead of you. Then again, Isa may be telling you that nothing appears to be happening, only something really is. Whatever is happening may be hidden from you. In this case, it's important to pay attention to the underlying motion.
Should you get this rune in your castings, you are more likely to be frustrated in whatever answer you seek. It's telling you either to wait, or that everything is at a standstill. Either way, you're going to have a hard time achieving your goal. You may have something blocking you from your goal that you must overcome, or something else is going on behind the scenes that you don't know about. Or maybe you simply have to wait until something changes before you know the answer.
Some Final Thoughts on Isa
When Isa appears in a spread, you may find that your circumstance tells you to wait. That can be a real source of frustration. After all, you may find yourself at what appears to be an unyielding block to your goal. At this point, you need to decide whether to try to break through or wait it out. Sometimes the best thing to do is to wait. Like an ice dam, it may be holding back a torrent. Then again, that block may be insurmountable, and you may need to wait.
Why Bad Things Happen — a Heathen's Perspective
Why Bad Things Happen — a Heathen's Perspective
The Year of Hell
Yeah, it's that kind of year.
No, the Gods Are Not Punishing Us
Bad Things Happen Randomly
Why We Look to the Gods when Bad Things Happen
Why Bad Things Happen
What Can We Do When Bad Things Happen?
Did Our Ancestors Celebrate the Fall Equinox?
Did Our Ancestors Celebrate the Fall Equinox?
Did our ancestors celebrate the fall equinox? The question is an interesting one, and left for much interpretation. Certainly, some of our ancestors did pay attention to the equinox, as marked by many paleolithic stone circles. However, if we're talking about those ancestors in the Viking Age, the idea gets a bit more muddled. I'll explain.
What Exactly is the Fall Equinox?
For those of you who don't know, the equinox is the time when the sun shines directly on the equator. To explain how that happens, we'll have to refresh our basic astronomy.
Our planet, Earth, revolves around the sun. One circuit around the sun equals one year. The Earth spins around its axis as well, and the length of time it takes to make one full revolution is approximately 24 hours. With me so far?
But the Earth's axis is tilted compared to the plane of its path around the sun. The Earth is tilted because it "spins" similar to a top. But unlike a top, the Earth's wobble occurs over millions of years, and not seconds, like the toy. Because the Earth is in a tilt, it stays in the tilt as it revolves around the sun. So, winter occurs in our hemisphere when our hemisphere is furthest away from the sun. That is the winter solstice. The equinox occurs midway between winter and summer solstice when the sun is equal distant between the North and South poles.
Did Our Ancestors Recognize the Equinox?
So, the equinox occurs when the sun crosses the equator, giving us a near equal day and night. Hence the name, Equinox, meaning "equal night." But did our ancestors recognize the equinox, and did it have any special meaning to them? Did they celebrate the fall equinox? (Or spring equinox, for that matter?)
We can look at various archaeological digs and find that yes, our ancestors did know about the equinox, and in some cultures, it must have had a religious significance. Stonehenge and Newgrange are two archaeological sites that keep


text:
LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY ONLINE TRAINING
The unique dangers of Lithium batteries are addressed in this online program. Lithium anode batteries are present in many industries where workers are servicing and repairing industrial equipment. Increased incident and severity rates among service providers demonstrate the need to become educated in the storage and handling of these batteries.
WHO WILL BENEFIT:
Workers exposed to lithium ion batteries such as directional surveying, logging and oil drilling industries, both domestically and internationally will find this information beneficial.
- History of Lithium batteries
- Oil industry uses
- Main suppliers
- Cell materials and components used
- Design of the cells
- Proper handling
- Storage of damaged batteries
- Failure modes
- Types of cells
- General dangers
- Effects of exposure
- Short term exposure limits
TIME: 90 minutes approximately
Testing is conducted throughout the program to emphasize learning. Successful completion is achieved after finishing this online program with an 80% pass mark. Two attempts at repeating the course are allowed to pass. A certificate of completion is available to download and print for your records.
To purchase courses for multiple users, please contact us directly.
LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY ONLINE COURSE PREVIEW

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Task Force
Michelle Keller, PhD, MPH
University of California, Los Angeles
Dr. Keller is a health services researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles with an emphasis on epidemiology and qualitative research methods. Her research has involved improving medication management among older patients, reducing low-value health care, promoting patient-clinician communication, and informatics. Additionally, Dr. Keller is a member of the Cedars-Sinai Division of Informatics, and she also serves on CHBRP's cost team.
Dr. Keller is currently working on the evaluation of patient-centered interventions for deprescribing high-risk medications including opioids, benzodiazepines, and sleep medications among older adults. She has recently conducted research to examine how patient comorbidities and risk factors are incorporated when clinicians prescribe opioids, reasons underlying the adoption of opioid risk mitigation strategies, and how prescription-level data can be utilized to understand opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions on a population level. Dr. Keller has also been involved in informatics research to study the effectiveness of health information technologies that aim to improve medical decision-making, and she has co-authored peer-reviewed papers on various topics, such as how bedside computers hinder communication in critical care surgical units and the impact of computerized appropriateness alerts on patients' length of stay and inpatient costs.
Dr. Keller received both her MPH and PhD from the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Management, and her BA in Human Biology from Stanford University. Prior to working in the field of health policy and services, she worked as a journalist for national newspapers including the Los Angeles Times and the Chicago Tribune.


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Olympic Medalists May Also Claim 'Survival Advantage'
FRIDAY, Dec. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Olympic medal winners live longer than people in the general population, but athletes who do highor moderate-intensity sports have no survival advantage over those who do low-intensity activities such as golf, according to two new studies.
In one study, researchers looked at more than 15,000 athletes who won medals at the Olympics between 1896 and 2010 and found that they lived an average of 2.8 years longer than people in the general population.
This survival advantage was similar among athletes who won either gold, silver or bronze medals and among those who won medals in endurance and mixed sports. Athletes who won medals in "power" sports had a smaller, but still significant, survival advantage over people in the general population.
The study was not designed to determine why Olympic medal winners live longer, but "possible explanations include genetic factors, physical activity, healthy lifestyle, and the wealth and status that come from international sporting glory," wrote Philip Clarke, of the Melbourne School of Population Health at the University of Melbourne in Australia, and colleagues.
In the other study, also published online Dec. 13 in the BMJ, researchers compared death rates and different levels of sports intensity among nearly 10,000 athletes who took part in the Olympics between 1896 and 1936. They found that athletes in sports with high cardiovascular intensity (such as cycling and rowing) or moderate intensity (such as gymnastics and tennis) had death rates similar to those in low-intensity sports such as golf or cricket.
They also found that athletes in sports with high levels of physical contact -- such as boxing, rugby and ice hockey -- had an 11 percent higher risk of death than other athletes.
This increased risk of death reflects the effects of repeated collisions and injuries over time, Frouke Engelaer, of the Leyden Academy on Vitality and Aging in the Netherlands, and colleagues said in a journal news release.
Everyone could enjoy the "survival advantage" of elite athletes by just meeting physical activity guidelines, according to an accompanying editorial by Professor Adrian Bauman, of the School of Public Health at Sydney University in Australia, and a colleague.
They wrote that people who do at least 150 minutes a week of moderate to vigorous exercise could live one to several years longer than inactive people.
"Although the evidence points to a small survival effect of being an Olympian, careful reflection suggests that similar health benefits and longevity could be achieved by all of us through regular physical activity," they concluded. "We could and should all award ourselves that personal gold medal."
The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute offers a guide to physical activity.
SOURCE: BMJ, news release, Dec. 13, 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The wreck of the cruise ship Costa Concordia in Italy is a sobering human tragedy, with at least 11 deaths and more missing. Sadly, it could become an environmental tragedy as well.
The Costa Concordia capsized Friday night near the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, the largest marine sanctuary in the Mediterranean. The park is home to a variety of dolphins and whales, and its corals and seagrass create an important habitat for a variety of other plants and animals. Oceana visited the area during a 2006 expedition, documenting the health of the marine life there.
If the ship's fuel leaks before the salvage team has a chance to drain it, the endangered and threatened species that live near the wreck will suffer.
"The tragic wreck occurred in a protected area that is home to many endangered species, so a spill would cause severe damage to organisms such as cetaceans, sharks and coral," said Ricardo Aguilar, research director at Oceana Europe. This would be a great tragedy for the area, which in the past has suffered coral death due to climate change.
We here at Oceana extend our sympathy to the victims and their families. We can only hope that the tragedy ends here, and does not have a lasting impact on the underwater inhabitants of Giglio Island.


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In patients with lower extremity wounds, free tissue transfer is often the last option before amputation, making it crucial to optimize preoperative planning in order to prevent flap breakdown. No consensus exists regarding preoperative vascular work ups before lower extremity free tissue transfer. Here we analyzed the utility of using arteriography for lower extremity free flap planning.Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of 57 patients who underwent lower extremity arteriography and 59 free flap operations for lower extremity wounds between November 2014 and August 2017. Findings were used to guide flap recipient vessel selection. Arterial pathology was addressed via endovascular intervention, where appropriate. Encountered pathology was described and patient demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed for correlation with abnormal angiographic studies.Results:
Angiographic abnormalities were observed in 40 patients (67.8%), including 23 (57.5%) with stenosis/occlusion, 20 (50.0%) with atretic/non-visualized vessels, and 11 (27.5%) requiring endovascular intervention. Stenosis/occlusion was detected in 9 patients (15.3%) with no previously known arterial disease, leading to a new diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. Flap survival rate was 98.3%, 6 patients (10.2%) ultimately progressed to amputation, and 53 patients (89.8%) were able to continue community ambulation at a mean follow-up time of 15.1 months (SD 9.51, range 1.67–35.2). After arteriography, 2 patients (3.39%) suffered contrast-induced acute kidney injury. No other complications were noted.Conclusions:
Preoperative lower extremity arteriography aids in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease, allows for timely endovascular intervention, and allows for optimal flap recipient vessel selection with a low complication rate.


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Keywords: welder, weld
As a Noun
1. A person whose job is welding metal. English = welder.
2. A join where two pieces of metal have been welded together. English = weld.
As a Verb or Adjective
1. To join two pieces of metal together by heating their edges and fixing them together so that they cool and harden into one piece. English = weld.


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2009 Edition Part 9 Figure 9C-9. Shared Lane Marking
Figure 9C-9. Shared Lane Marking
This figure illustrates an example of a lane marked for bicycle shared use.
The figure shows a vertical symbol of a bicycle with a white "v" shaped marking inside a second "v" shape above the symbol. The points of the "v" shaped markings face up. The distance from the top of the topmost "v" shaped marking to the bottom of the bicycle symbol is shown as a dimension of 112 inches. The overall length of the symbol is shown as a dimension of 72 inches. The overall width of the symbol is shown as a dimension of 40 inches.


text: ||Person re-identification has received special attention by the human analysis community in the last few years. To address the challenges in this field, many researchers have proposed different strategies, which basically exploit either cross-view invariant features or cross-view robust metrics. In this work, we propose to exploit a post-ranking approach and combine different feature representations through ranking aggregation. Spatial information, which potentially benefits the person matching, is represented using a 2D body model, from which color and texture information are extracted and combined. We also consider background/foreground information, automatically extracted via Deep Decompositional Network, and the usage of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features. To describe the matching between images we use the polynomial feature map, also taking into account local and global information. The Discriminant Context Information Analysis based post-ranking approach is used to improve initial ranking lists. Finally, the Stuart ranking aggregation method is employed to combine complementary ranking lists obtained from different feature representations. Experimental results demonstrated that we improve the state-of-the-art on VIPeR and PRID450s datasets, achieving 67.21% and 75.64% on top-1 rank recognition rate, respectively, as well as obtaining competitive results on CUHK01 dataset.


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- parree (obsolete)
From earlier parree, from Middle English *parree, *paree, from Old French paree ("preparation, ceremony, parade"), from Medieval Latin parāta ("preparation, parade"), from Medieval Latin parāre ("to ward off, guard, defend, prepare, get ready"). More at pare. The English verb to parry is taken from the noun.
- To avoid, deflect, or ward off (an attack, a blow, an argument, etc.).
- 2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, "Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos", in BBC Sport:
- Wojciech Szczesny was then called into action twice in a minute to parry fierce drives from Djebbour and Torossidis as Arsenal's back four looked all at sea.
parry (plural parries)
- A defensive or deflective action; an act of parrying.
- (fencing) A simple defensive action designed to deflect an attack, performed with the forte of the blade.
- (combat sports and martial arts) A defensive move intended to change the direction of an incoming strike to make it miss its intended target, rather than block and absorb it. Typically performed with an open hand in a downward or sideways slapping motion.


Chakra #5: The Vishuddhi Chakra, Diplomacy & Collective enjoyment
The Vishuddhi chakra has sixteen petals, each with different qualities and functions. On the physical side, it looks after throat, arms, face, mouth, teeth, etc., so they must all be taken care of. For instance, protecting yourself from the cold, avoiding tobacco, taking proper dental care, and so on. This is particularly important for your vibratory awareness, as the nerves which register the vibrations in the hands pass through this centre.


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In January 2019, the UK Government published its Maritime 2050: Navigating the Future strategy. In the strategy, the government highlighted the importance of digitalisation (with well-designed regulatory support) to achieving its goal of ensuring that the UK plays a global leadership role in the maritime sector.
PETRAS Researchers have released a briefing document, led by Dr. Feja Lesniewska (PETRAS UCL Researcher) that has identified six IoT related security and governance challenges for UK ports.
Ports, the gateways for 95% of UK trade movements, were identified as key sites for investment in technological innovation. The government identified the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT), in conjunction with other information-sharing technologies, such as shared data platforms, and Artificial Intelligence applications (AI), to synchronise processes within the port ecosystem leading to improved efficiency, safety and environmental benefits, including improved air quality and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
The six key challenges identified in the briefing document are:
1. Adaptive Risk Management
2. Interoperability of IoT and Legacy Systems
3. Security Management Accountability
4. Due Diligence and Capacity
5. Alignment and Review
6. The Business Case
You can download the full briefing document here.
If you would to contact the Centre regarding this briefing document, please email Dr Feja Lesniewska at _EMAIL_.


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Determining the Electron Structure
The classical electron radius
Before going further some points need to be made about something called
the classical electron radius. This is a calculated radius based on an
assumption that the mass-energy potential of an electron is fully contained within a
certain radius. It has a value of 2.82x10-15 m.
Falling through the Earth
Imagine you bored a hole through the Earth straight down through its centre and out the other side. Next you dropped a stone at the entrance. The stone would fall rapidly at first, gaining in speed until it reached terminal velocity. It would then continue toward the Earths centre and past it. Once beyond the mid-point it would decelerate as it neared the other side. The stone would then oscillate several times until it came to rest at the Earths centre.
Lets assume instead that there was no air and the stone was able to
move all the way from one side of the Earth to the other and back again, much like a
pendulum. What would be its precise motion of oscillation, and how long would it take for
a full swing?
Where M is mass of Earth, m is mass of an object (the stone in this case) and r is distance from the centre. Below the surface the force follows a linear function:
Where R is the radius of the Earth. If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G=M=m=R = 1, and including force direction):
A simple spring oscillator
To understand what this means well look at a simple spring oscillator.
Above we see an object with mass m attached to a spring.
The spring has a stiffness of K meaning that, e.g. if K
was 5 N/m then every 1 metre of stretch would require 5 Newtons of force. Assuming we are
in a zero-gravity environment and the mass could move below the baseline, what function
would describe the position of the object with respect to time?
Where x(t) is the height of the object at any time t
and x(t) is its double derivative i.e. its
Where A is the initial height and we assume the object to be initially motionless. In other words, the object oscillates as a pure sine wave. The frequency of oscillation will be:
And the period of oscillation will be the reciprocal: T=1/f.
Inserting values for G, M and R, and taking the reciprocal we get a period of 5060 seconds, or 1 hour 24 minutes. Thus it will take just under one and a half hours for the stone to return to its starting point.
Falling through an electron
What does any of this have to do with electron-positron interactions?
Well, gravity is a good analogy to the electric force because it varies in inverse
proportion to distance. If we think of an electron as spherical and assume that its charge
is uniformly distributed then its force function (exerted on a positron) would be very
similar to Earths gravitational field, namely:
Where k is Coulombs constant, e is an electrons charge and r is distance from centre. Inside the electron the force would follow a linear function:
Where R is the electrons radius. If the positron were to oscillate only within the electron this would produce a sine-wave motion. Does it oscillate within the electron? The below chart shows a simulation of the event:
In this diagram a positron (red line) falls from a height equal to 10
electron radii. As can be seen the VDCL
(Velocity Dependent Coulombs Law) causes much
dampening during the initial fall, causing the oscillations to lie fully within the
electron (blue lines). Thus we can calculate the motion of oscillation based on the forces
within the electron and ignore the force function outside it.
Meaning that frequency of oscillation will be:
Solving the two body problem
At this point it would be tempting to plug values in and calculate a value of R that corresponded to the observed frequency. However theres something else that needs to be taken into account; namely that is we are not dealing with a stone falling through the Earth. Rather, we are dealing with two earths falling through each other, or in this case, an electron and positron oscillating through each other.
Determining the force function for two spheres is going to be more complicated. As it happens, the force function will be same as the normal Coulomb force when the spheres are outside each other, i.e. not overlapping. When they are overlapping the function becomes very complex but heres what it looks like:
The x-axis represents the distance from the mid-point of the two spheres because this is the point that the spheres will be mirrored on. As can be seen the force function is rounder than the single sphere situation and is not a straight line. Here is a comparison between the two functions:
The blue line is the two-sphere force function, red is the single sphere situation (shown for comparison), and the green dotted line represents half the gradient of the red line. As can be seen the force function for when the spheres overlap closely approximates half the strength of the single sphere situation. Thus we can relate this back to our simple spring oscillator and find that:
Meaning that frequency of oscillation will be:
We know that this frequency must correspond to the one calculated from quantum mechanical and relativistic energy equations, namely:
Where h is Plancks constant. Next we match these two frequencies together:
Isolating the radius term we get:
Substituting the standard values for e, h, k and c, we find that radius of an electron R comes to: 5.94x10-14 m.
This is disappointing. We wanted a radius at least a hundred or so times
smaller than a proton. Instead we calculate one fifty times larger. Its hard to
believe that this number reflects the true electron radius.
Is the frequency correct?
The first possibility is a question of frequency. The frequency of gamma
radiation arising from electron-positron annihilation is quoted as 1.24x1020
Hz. But this is not a measurement, only a calculation based on the physical constants;
namely frequency = mc2/h. It is not possible to measure
frequencies this high, e.g. by electronic counting, because we have no instrument that can
keep up with the oscillation rate.
A radio antenna comparison
Some interesting analogies can be drawn between the high frequencies of
gamma rays and the low frequencies of radio transmission. We know that a radio
receivers antenna is most effective when its length matches half the wavelength of
the transmission frequency. For example a Wi-Fi wireless computer network operating on 2.4
GHz uses antennas around 6 cm in length because the wavelength of that frequency is 12.5
Energy/frequency conversion formula
When determining the gamma ray frequency, we did so from its energy using
the formula E=hf; where E is energy, f
is frequency and h is Plancks constant. This formula is used to
calculate the energy of a photon based on frequency, especially photons created when
electrons transit between atomic shells.
So what is the answer?
Unfortunately this lack of information regarding frequency has left us unable to determine the size of an electron. However jumping ahead to the information given in chapters on particle physics and nucleon structure it should be possible to estimate an electrons diameter based on a protons. Without giving away the story in advance, based on this I estimate the radius of an electron to be approximately 10-16 metres.
The fixed-frequency radiation emitted during electron-positron
annihilation indicates that an electron has a spherical structure and its charge is
uniformly distributed within.
Copyright © 2010 Bernard Burchell, all rights reserved.


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The symptomatology of 34 cases of virologically proved type 11 adenovirus pneumonia was studied, 32 of whichwere compared with 197 cases of types 3 and 7 adenovirus pneumonia.
In 22 cases under 2 years of age the onset was abrupt with persistent high fever, listlessness, drowsiness, pallor and cold extremities followed by dyspnea and cyanosis on the 3rd to 6th day. 17 cases had dullness and 5 tubular breathing sound on chest examination. Heart failure developed in 12 cases, and edema, in 1.
The white blood cell count was slightly lower than normal. Roentgenologically, two fifths of the cases had patchy or confluent shadows in the left lower lobe or both lower lobes. Severe or fatal cases accounted for 24.1% of the total. The percentage of severe and fatal cases of type 11 adenovirus pneumonia was much smaller than that of type 7. The difference was significant. As compared with type 3 adenovirus pneumonia, the percentage of severe cases of type 11 was nearly equal to that of type 3.
Key wordsadenovirus pneumonia symptomatology of pneumonia
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Skip to definition.
Verb: liquidise 'li-kwi,dIz
Usage: Brit (N. Amer: liquidize)
 1. (physics) make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating
 - liquefy, liquify, liquidize
 2. Get rid of all one's merchandise
 - sell out, sell up, liquidize
Derived forms: liquidised, liquidises, liquidising
Type of: alter, cast aside, cast away, cast out, change, chuck out, discard, dispose, fling, modify, put away, throw away, throw out, toss, toss away, toss out


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Water Quality Sampling
Most of Alaska's waters are suitable for the following beneficial uses:
- water supply (drinking, agriculture, aquaculture, industrial);
- water recreation;
- growth and propagation of fish, shellfish, aquatic life, and wildlife.
Some beneficial uses are limited by natural water quality conditions in Alaska:
- suspended sediment in glacial waterbodies;
- highly mineralized waterbodies;
- microorganisms such as giardia (beaver fever), schistosoma (swimmer's itch),
- and high bacterial counts from decomposing salmon in streams.
Beneficial uses can also be limited or impaired by the following human activities in Alaska:
- oil & gas development
- timber harvesting
- seafood processing
- Urban development:
- urban runoff
- septic systems
- landfill leachate
- Military development:
- abandoned installations
- operational installations
Fecal coliform bacteria, sediment, and petroleum products are the primary pollutants of surface waters in Alaska.
Petroleum products are the primary pollutants of ground waters in Alaska.
Urban runoff is the most common pollutant source in Alaska.


Transferring Butterflies for Mass Release
Transfer Instructions For Your Butterflies
Why Were Your Butterflies Sent in Individual Envelopes?
Your butterflies have been shipped to you in individual envelopes to preserve their wing condition and to encourage them to enter a state of dormancy during shipping.
When should we transfer the butterflies?
 1. If transferring the butterflies into a cardboard release box, you should transfer them about 2 – 4 hours before the planned release time. Once they are in the box, however, store in a cool, dark place (such as a closet) until you are ready to transport them to your event. Just prior to releasing, however, you do want them to be in warm temperatures since they need to be warm to fly.
 2. If you are transferring them into a net hanging cage, or a table top cage or sheer box, we recommend you do this an hour or two before the event begins, to prevent wing damage. If the box is solid or covered, you may transfer them earlier. Keeping the cage or sheer box in a cool, low light condition will help keep the; butterflies calm. When placing them outdoors, it is best not to have them in strong direct sunlight as they will be too active. Dappled sunshine is the best or even shade. However, try to release them in a sunny area so that they are encouraged to fly. In a display cage, flowers, ferns, and stems with leaves will help provide some shade for them if they are outdoors. The time of day will make a difference also. Later in the day, temperatures are cooler so the sunshine will not stimulate them as much.
What are the transfer steps?
 1. Prepare the display cage, organza box or other container. With a cardboard release box, you will need to line the box's sides with paper toweling or tulle. This will give the butterflies a place to perch themselves. If it is easier, you can line the bottom also, but this is not necessary. If you have time, you might want to consider placing a piece of tissue paper crinkled up to form peaks, into the solid box or container and let one or more corners of the tissue paper come up the side of the box. Only a small amount of tissue is needed. Then when you lift the lid off the box to release your butterflies, you can gently tug on the tissue paper to gently stimulate them all to fly out. This is not necessary but is an idea if you have the time. With the sheer box, this is not necessary as they will have light.
 2. Ensure your hands are clean and dry. Should you need to handle a butterfly, the oils from your skin will not affect the conditions of the wings.
 3. Remove the butterflies from the refrigerator and take them with the box or the cage into a small room with low ceilings (a bathroom is perfect) and shut the door while you are making the transfer.
 4. Working steadily, pick up each envelope and hold it just inside the box or the cage, open/unfold the envelope and let the butterfly slide out onto the bottom of the box or cage. As they warm up, the butterflies will start fluttering their wings and flopping about. This is normal. Keep up your work until all the butterflies are transferred, then quickly closet he lid of the box or netting. You should be able to transfer all the butterflies into your box or cage with no escapees. However, should a butterfly escape during the transfer process, you will need to recapture it. No problem. Despite what you've always been told, handling a butterfly gently will not harm it. Butterflies are attracted to light, so the escapee will fly toward a window or other source of light in the room. Simply pick it up with the wings closed, close to the body. Alternately, you can cup your hands around the escapee and transfer it to the box/cage.
Using a display cage: Once inside the display cage, the butterflies will need to be fed and watered. Please see below for those instructions. Place the butterflies in a warm, sunny area to energize. Never place them in the direct sunlight.
Transfer Instructions


text:
Polarized light glinting off solar panels acts as an attractant to aquatic insects that see polarized light as a water indicator. Solar arrays are lethal to aquatic insects because the insects, mesmerized by the polarized light, fly over the solar panel surface until they die of exhaustion. Insects are important because they are food for fish and other species.
Knowing that solar arrays are lethal to aquatic insects provides more reason to locate solar projects in cities and developed areas rather than disrupt the pristine habitat of deserts and other fragile eco-systems.
Photos: Caddis Fly Image| Mayflies on Water| Bruce Robertson
Fatally Attractive Solar Panels
2,313 clicks in 153 w
More Stats +/-


Author Topic: Finding a Good IP Range for Streamyx (Read 47667 times)
Offline Reuben
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Finding a Good IP Range for Streamyx
« on: September 18, 2008, 08:19:34 PM »
This guide is only applicable to Streamyx users.
1. Introduction to the Problem
Not all Streamyx connections are created equal.
You can be experiencing extremely slow speed and poor performance while the guy next door is blazing away at max speed.
Why is this the case?
Streamyx spreads its connections over different routers. This is done automatically on TM's side. However certain routers may be overloaded or faulty or subject to an attack or under maintenance.
Our task here is to find a way to get to those functioning, wonderful (at least relatively) spankingly fast routers!
2. What is an IP Range?
IP addresses (often shortened to IP) are the internet's version of addresses. Instead of a real world address:
Mr Lim's Personal Computer
No 24, Jalan 20/9, Paramount Garden,
46300, Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
which is meaningless, we get assigned addresses in a numerical format.
For example:
You can find out what your IP is (which changes everytime you reconnect to the internet) by visiting
An IP range (as how we define it), is a range of addresses. We find that with Streamyx, the most important digits to look for in an IP address are the FIRST TWO DIGITS.
It is suspected that each router governs an IP range and everyone on the same IP range goes through the same router.
In human language:
"The first two digits of your Streamyx Internet Address determines which router you go through."
As long as these first two digits are the same (which means you are within the same IP range), all performance within that IP range will be the same.
So for example if you are unsatisfied with your speed/performance on 124.82.x.x, you will have to find an IP that does not begin with 124.82, but something else like 60.54, 124.13, 118.100, etc etc. and then retest and evaluate if it's a good one (see Part 4).
3. How to get a new IP Range
There is unfortunately no easy way about this. This is assigned on TM side and for our purposes is more or less random.
The only way to get a new IP is to disconnect and reconnect your connection and then recheck what IP you are on (you can do so by surfing to if you forgot). We do find that different times of the day gives different sets of IP ranges.
However some tips:
1) Do not disconnect and reconnect too fast in rapid succession
Do it in perhaps of intervals of 5-10 seconds, taking breaks in between. If done too fast, TM blocks you from connecting for a few minutes, and increases this time with every subsequent attempt. Take it slow and steady.
2) Be patient
It is not uncommon to try 10-20 times until you find the desired IP range you want. Be patient and stay at it.
4. Evaluating an IP Range - Yay or Nay
Now that we know what is an IP range, why it is important to find the right one and how to get new ones, let's find out how to evaluate if an IP range is good or bad!
We will use a free program called Pingplotter for this which may be downloaded here.
This program traces the path of your internet connection all the way to its intended destination and reveals any problems in the route.
After installing Pingplotter, start up the program. Under Address to Trace:, put or to test your connectivity to our US server ( Set the trace delay to 1 second, and Samples to Include to 1000. Click on TRACE and let it run for a minute or two.
We are testing as BBC is a renowned UK-based news site which we have identified as being closely equivalent to where we host our UK servers. It is also a neutral party so there's no accusation that the fault lies with us. Please note that pings to google and yahoo may NOT be accurate as they have special arrangements to prioritize their traffic.
There is a lot of information coming out of pingplotter, but we shall only focus on two statistics:
1) The AVG Ping which means average ping (the time it takes for a packet to reach to its destination) Lower is better
2) The PL% which means packet loss percentage (the packets that do not reach their destination and get lost) Lower is better
Below is a sample ping report generated from Pingplotter. You do this by clicking on Edit and then Copy as text (statistics only)
Target Name:
 Date/Time: 18/9/2008 7:52:15 PM to 18/9/2008 7:54:35 PM
Hop Sent Err PL% Min Max Avg Host Name / [IP]
 1 139 0 0.0 0 0 0 mygateway1.ar7 []
 2 137 77 56.2 7 233 19 []
 3 139 0 0.0 6 83 8 []
 4 139 0 0.0 6 19 6 []
 5 139 0 0.0 23 109 25 []
 6 139 0 0.0 29 216 38 []
 7 139 0 0.0 28 251 39 []
 8 139 0 0.0 29 205 30 []
 9 139 0 0.0 28 175 30 []
10 139 0 0.0 222 339 223 []
11 139 0 0.0 304 513 317 []
12 137 40 29.2 314 320 317 []
13 139 57 41.0 316 345 318 []
I have highlighted in red the parts that i want to focus on. This was taken from a particularly bad day and on a particularly bad IP range.
The AVG ping is 318 ms which isn't too bad. In general you want a ping that is below 400.
However what is bad here is the loss percentage which is at 40-50 %. This means for every two pieces of data you send, only one gets through! This affects the speed and stability of your VPN and other bandwidth sensitive apps such as video streaming and downloads. In extreme scenarios, even surfing becomes laggy.
Generally you don't want any loss at all though a loss of less than 10% should be still good enough for decent performance.
Keep on trying new IP ranges till you can find one that has the lowest loss and a decent ping.
A low loss is more important than a low ping! So even if an IP range has a fantastically low ping, but high loss percentage, then that IP will not be as good as one with a higher ping and a low loss percentage.
Hopefully now you have found a good IP range! Don't get disconnected if you want to retain it!
« Last Edit: February 15, 2009, 02:38:21 PM by Reuben »


text:
Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that fruit consumption promotes many health benefits. Despite the general consensus that fruit and juice are nutritionally similar, epidemiological results for juice consumption are conflicting. Our objective was to use DNA methylation marks to characterize fruit and juice epigenetic signatures within PBMCs and identify shared and independent signatures associated with these groups. Genome-wide DNA methylation marks (Illumina Human Methylation 450k chip) for 2,148 individuals that participated in the Framingham Offspring exam 8 were analyzed for correlations between fruit or juice consumption using standard linear regression. CpG sites with low P
-values (P <
0.01) were characterized using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and experimentally derived Functional element Overlap analysis of ReGions from EWAS (eFORGE). Fruit and juice-specific low P
-value epigenetic signatures were largely independent. Genes near the fruit-specific epigenetic signature were enriched among pathways associated with antigen presentation and chromosome or telomere maintenance, while the juice-specific epigenetic signature was enriched for proinflammatory pathways. IPA and eFORGE analyses implicate fruit and juice-specific epigenetic signatures in the modulation of macrophage (fruit) and B or T cell (juice) activities. These data suggest a role for epigenetic regulation in fruit and juice-specific health benefits and demonstrate independent associations with distinct immune functions and cell types, suggesting that these groups may not confer the same health benefits. Identification of such differences between foods is the first step toward personalized nutrition and ultimately the improvement of human health and longevity.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


Aerospace & Defense
Sales and Marketing Collaboration
by Holly Lyke Ho Gland 16 May 2012
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The Growth Team Membership™ (GTM) program recently surveyed marketing executives to identify their principal challenges for 2012. The survey found that marketers struggle to (1) cultivate a differentiated value proposition that resonates with clients, and (2) ensure Sales adopts the appropriate messaging and materials.
Survey respondents indicate that understaffing and a lack of strategic alignment across Sales and Marketing's leadership are the primary causes of Marketing's struggles. By joining forces with Sales, Marketing can address the strategic alignment issue and tap into additional staff. However, successful collaboration requires taking a closer look at the following three areas:
1. Goal Alignment—Since revitalizing the value proposition requires a substantial commitment in time and resources, it is essential that Marketing and Sales agree on the reason for the revitalization at the outset. To achieve this goal, marketing and sales executives need to build consensus on answers to the following questions:
 - Are our assumptions about how we are perceived by our customers accurate?
 - Can we quantitatively prove any of our assumptions?
 - How does our value proposition differentiate us from the competition?
 - Does our current messaging tell the story we want?
 - How consistently is our messaging being used?
2. Sales Involvement—No matter how necessary, or how compelling, the redesigned value proposition may be, the sales force may still resist it. Successful marketers understand that sales reps want some measure of control over the way they communicate with their customers and are prone to resenting outside influence. Marketers therefore involve the sales force throughout each stage of the new value proposition's development (including messaging creation). This inclusion builds cross-functional ownership of the new messaging and limits the likelihood that Sales will reject it later on. Furthermore, it speeds new messaging roll-out, since the sales force will already be familiar with the value proposition and how to tailor its message for various segments.
3. Continuous Engagement—Trust and transparency are crucial to any long-term successful collaboration between Sales and Marketing. One way to maintain this openness is through regularly scheduled meetings between senior management in Sales and Marketing. Growth Team Membership researchers have found that a monthly cadence works best for keeping the conversation flowing, collecting feedback, and addressing collaboration challenges. Monthly meetings also allow marketers to track value proposition adoption and identify opportunities for improvement.
While sales and marketing collaboration is a perennial challenge, some companies have found ways to unite these often-at-odds functions. Take the experience of Kronos, a workforce management software solutions company. For many years, Kronos considered itself a market leader, in spite of its flat product revenue growth. This disconnect stimulated Marketing and Sales to collaboratively revise and differentiate Kronos' value proposition and messaging. Kronos' sales and marketing teams followed the practices outlined above—alignment, inclusion, and engagement—to overcome key barriers to collaboration. Successful collaboration has resulted in 92% of the sales force consistently using the messaging. Kronos' new value proposition has also led to a 36% increase in its earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization (EBITA).
In conclusion, Growth Team Membership survey data suggest that marketers are committed to differentiating their companies through redesigned value propositions. However, Marketing's efforts are constricted by a lack of coordination and buy-in from Sales. By including Sales in the development process, Marketing can ensure its efforts are adopted and strengthen its relationship with Sales for long-term success.
Want to learn more about best practices for sales and marketing integration?
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text:
Selections of Literary Chinese Prose
A collection of historic texts from well known writers
This page list a selection of historic literary Chinese texts. Follow the link under each entry title to a page that collects together similar texts. Each text includes notes about the source and vocabulary. You can click on each Chinese word for the English definition and other information about the word.


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The destroyer: a name given (only in Rev. ix. 11) to the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. The Destroyer; -- a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew
- Ancient Greek Ἀπολλύων ("Apollyon, the destroyer"), from ἀπόλλυμι ("destroy") (Wiktionary)
"Apollyon comes from a Greek word meaning the destroyer."
"Now, Phineas, be content; Apollyon is beaten down."
""Have you ever heard of a company called Apollyon Associates?""
"In Revelation he is the king of hell, for says the Apostle, "And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon" (Rev. 9: 1.1)."
"For what is the very name Apollyon, but an occult prophecy concerning the great conqueror of Europe! nothing can be plainer!"
"Without entering upon the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1st, That it is neither in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is called Apollyon the destroyer."
"Without entering upon the thing in its reality, I shall only observe; That it is neither in his power or of his nature to be a saviour of men's lives; he is called Apollyon the destroyer."
"The leader of this legion of tormenting scorpions was Apollyon, meaning "the Destroyer.""
"Be warned though that it investigates the heavy sounds even more ( "Apollyon")."
"His voice is strongest on the Golden gate Bridge; if you stop and look down you can hear the whisper of Apollyon."
'Apollyon' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for Apollyon.


Page updated: February 13, 2021
Author: Curtis Mobley
View PDF
Sun Glint
Both direct Sun glint and background sky reﬂectance are included in the radiative transfer calculations. However, the Sun glint contribution is removed from the look-up-tables (LUTs) so as to allow the historical approach of Gordon and Wang (1994a) to be used. The current Rayleigh LUTs are wind-speed dependent, but the aerosol LUTs assume a ﬂat ocean. Thus the LUTs include diﬀuse sky reﬂectance but not specular reﬂection. There is thus an explicit correction for Sun glint, but not for diﬀuse sky reﬂectance, which is accounted for as part of the Rayleigh correction.
Even for sensors (such as SeaWiFS) that are designed with tilt capabilities allowing them to be oriented so that they do not look at the Sun's glitter pattern, there can still be signiﬁcant residual glint radiance reaching the sensor, especially near the edges of the obvious glint area. This is corrected as follows.
Recall Eq. (3) of the Problem Formulation page:
Lt = LR + [La + LRa] + TLg + tLwc + tLw,
where Lg is the direct Sun glint radiance. Lg is computed using the analytical Cox-Munk wind speed-wave slope distribution and the Sun and viewing geometry. (Wang and Bailey(2001) (Eq. 2) write the Sun glint radiance Lg in terms of a normalized Sun glint LGN, which is deﬁned by
Lg(λ) Fo(λ)T(𝜃s,λ)LGN.
LGN is computed using an azimuthally symmetric analytical form of the Cox-Munk wind speed–wave slope distribution for the given Sun and viewing directions, and an incident irradiance of magnitude Fo(λ) = 1Wm2nm1. LGN thus has the angular distribution of the surface-reﬂected radiance, but its units are 1/steradian. Note that LGN is independent of wavelength.
During image processing, pixels with a value of LGN > 0.005sr1 are masked out as having too much glint to be useful. Pixels with LGN 0.005sr1 have a glint correction applied before use.
For the glint correction, atmospheric attenuation occurs ﬁrst along the path of the Sun's direct solar beam as the Sun's beam travels from the TOA to the sea surface; the associated transmittance is T(𝜃s,λ). Attenuation then occurs along the viewing direction from the sea surface back to the TOA; this transmittance is T(𝜃v,λ). These are both direct beam transmittances because only one particular path connects the Sun with a point on the sea surface that reﬂects the direct beam into the sensor (recall the left panel of Fig. 1 of the Atmospheric Transmittances page). The total "two-path" transmittance is the product of the transmittances. The glint radiance correction, which is subtracted from Lt, is then (Wang and Bailey(2001), Eqs. 4 and 5)
T(𝜃v,λ)Lg(𝜃v,λ) = Fo(λ)T(𝜃s,λ)T(𝜃v,λ)LGN,
T(𝜃s,λ)T(𝜃v,λ) = exp [τR(λ) + τa(λ)] 1 cos 𝜃s + 1 cos 𝜃v, (1)
and where τR(λ) and τa(λ) are the Rayleigh and aerosol optical thicknesses, respectively.
Wang and Bailey(2001) comment (page 4792, left column) that the eﬀects of ozone absorption have already been accounted for before this state of processing. This is now also true for NO2 absorption.
Note that the glint correction cannot be computed unless the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) τa is known. The AOT is obtained in a two-step process. First, the measured Lt(λ) and the wind speed W are used to get a ﬁrst estimate τa(1)(λ) of the AOT. This estimate is obtained using the algorithms described on the Aerosols page. This estimate is then used in Eq. (1), and the glint-corrected TOA radiance is then computed as
Lt (λ) = Lt(λ) Fo(λ)T(𝜃s,λ)T(𝜃v,λ)LGN. (2)
This gives the initial estimate Lt(1)(λ) of Lt(λ). This value is then used again in the AOT algorithm to obtain the second estimate τa(2)(λ) for the AOT. The second AOT estimate is then used again in Eqs. (1) and (2) to obtain an improved estimate Lt(2)(λ). In practice, only two iterations give a satisfactory ﬁnal estimate for the AOT, τa(λ) = τa(2)(λ), and thus for the glint-corrected TOA radiance. This ﬁnal τa(λ) is then used to compute the aerosol contribution to the TOA radiance, as described on the aerosol page.
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Eliar Elektronik San A.Ş. was founded in 1984 in Istanbul.
Eliar's history reflects its broad capabilities in and focus on research and development. Eliar's R&D efforts have contributed to many industries including but not limited to Textiles, Glass, Insulation, Ceramics and Chemicals in form of many innovative devices, systems and software solutions. It has been a close partner to many industries and has led them through their journey toward automation.
Eliar's industrial automation operations have commenced in 1984 mainly to cater to glass manufacturers. Eliar currently services both local and international markets via its weighing and dosing solutions specifically designed and developed for glass (float, container, tableware, fiber, sodium silicate), construction chemicals, insulation and ceramics sectors.In the late 80's, Eliar began servicing the textile industry by developing fabric and yarn dying process control devices. The advanced batch control devices that Eliar has designed and developed for automation of textile dying machines are being used locally in Turkey and abroad since 1989.
Eliar has begun focusing in on the field of Mechatronics in 1996, and has continued this focus since then. It has produced advanced liquid / powder chemical weighing / measurement and distribution systems, dying process control devices that are integrated to these systems, as well as systems that allow fully automated control and recording of end-to-end dying processes. Eliar has developed central tracking, planning and reporting software that have made it possible to build systems that are integrated from the dying machine level up to management information level.Today, devices and systems that have been designed, and developed by Eliar, are being operated successfully in many countries across Asia, Europe, Central and South America, Middle-East and Africa.


I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Short Essay - Answer Key
Buy the I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Lesson Plans
1. As a child, how does Maya view herself physically?
One Easter when Maya is a young girl, her grandmother makes her a yellow dress. She imagines herself a blonde movie star with blue eyes. When she wears the dress, she is disappointed to find she still looks the same. She views her black skin as ugly.
2. What does Maya learn to understand, and later believe, about cotton pickers?
The day ends in disappointment and not enough money to repay either Momma or the white commissary in town. Marguerite listens to the men complain about being cheated by the plantation owners who use weighted scales. They take their sacks home to mend and then face another day of trying to earn enough money to sustain their families, but knowing they will end the season no better off than when it began. In adulthood, Maya would become infuriated at the stereotype of cotton pickers. She had witnessed the harshness of their lives and the cuts on their hands from the cotton.
(read all 60 Short Essay Questions and Answers)
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(approx. 15 pages at 300 words per page)
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text:
Cats in general are like oil in water. They just do not match well together. However, if you look at them, you see cats as very clean and tidy with their bodies. Very seldom will you see a cat that is dirty and that is because unlike some animals, cats are very much capable of grooming themselves and they do so almost every day. So the question that remains as a huge mystery to most pet lovers out there that needs some clarification is why do most cats dislike water?
It must be distinguished that cats do not hate water. They simply do not like being drenched in water because cats are skittish in nature. They easily get scared of anything new to them. One of their defense mechanisms is they try to look bigger whenever they are faced with imminent danger. The hair on their bodies rises almost instantaneously whenever they see a predator. Its tail is almost twice its original size because of its fur standing on end. This is their way to look as big as possible. Getting them drenched in water would make them feel vulnerable and helpless. In addition, cats are known to be agile creatures. They would not be as agile as they could if they have additional weight on their body because their fur becomes waterlogged. More so, the structure of a cat's fur is set up to be water resistant at the top layer. Therefore, if your cat gets drenched, it somehow locks in the water making it very uncomfortable for your pet.
Other factors may also be at play why your feline friend is afraid of water. Basically, it depends on their previous experience or exposure to water. Other pet owners may force their cats to take a bath. Unknowingly, it leaves a mark behind that would certainly make your cat avoid water altogether. Others may also use water spray as a disciplinary measure whenever their pets commit mistakes. Another theory why cats, especially those living in the wild, avoid water is because they are trying to avoid being the prey to crocodiles and other predators that are known to be deadly underwater.
However, there are exceptions. It must be noted that not all cats, either domesticated pets or those in the wild, are afraid of or dislike water. There are those who even enjoy a regular swim. Big cats in the wild that stay under the sun almost the entire day every day are fond of bathing to stay cool or sometimes catch dinner. Domesticated cats on the other hand are fascinated by water. Water dripping from a faucet or a hose or from a fountain, may be viewed as a toy with which they love to attempt to catch a drop or two using their paws.
In essence, cats simply do not want to be susceptible to any form of attack with their guards down, and being drenched in water is just a major example. But, its attitude towards water can be completely programmed and you can make your pet enjoy getting wet if it was introduced in a playful manner and the overall experience is an enjoyable one.


Freeman Dyson: Yes, "Garbage Bag World" Origins
Freeman Dyson: Yes, "Garbage Bag World" Origins
By Suzan Mazur
June 27, 2012
Freeman Dyson
"Then after that came us -- stage six. That's the end of the Darwinian era, when cultural evolution replaces biological evolution as the main driving force. "Cultural" means that the big changes in living conditions are driven by humans spreading their technology and their ways of making a living, by learning from one another rather than breeding." -- Freeman Dyson, Eastover Farm
Several weeks ago the Lonsdale prize went to researchers who think first life was RNA, a replicating creature. So I rang up Freeman Dyson, emeritus professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, to see if he still embraces the idea that original life was a "garbage bag world," a membranous creature with dirty water trapped inside that reproduced for a billion years or more with high rates of error before replicating.
Dyson does the math on this in his book, Origins of Life (2nd. ed.), based on Alexander Oparin's cell-first theory of metabolism. Dyson calls it his "toy boat model," calculated with pencil and paper, where thousands of molecular units make the leap from disorder to order with "reasonable probability."
During our phone conversation, Dyson told me that he does indeed still hold to his hypothesis and also still thinks RNA was a byproduct of that first creature's own metabolism, emerging as a parasite and eventual symbiotic partner. He says it doesn't make sense that original life copied itself without getting its act together first.
In his Origins book, Dyson also refers to Doron Lancet's work on defining metabolism, also based on Oparin's model, by computer simulations of origin of life, saying:
"He was my first inspiration. A chapter in his book, Infinite in All Directions, made me realize in the early 1990s that DNA/RNA was not necessarily the holy grail, and that there was an alternative in the form of molecular assemblies composed of mutually interacting simple molecules. The "Lipid World" model as a viable alternative to the "RNA World" would not have come to be without him."
Dyson envisions seven stages of life: (1) garbage bag stage -- metabolism without replication; (2) parasite emerges from garbage bag creature, parasite can replicate but not metabolize -- "zooms around" cells as viruses in packages; (3) collaboration of metabolic and parasitic creatures, RNA invention of "most mysterious" ribosome; (4) coupling of metabolic and RNA worlds (modern cell), two billion years of speciation and sex, beginning of Darwinian era; (5) multicellular organisms; (6) "us" and end of Darwinian era with cultural evolution replacing biological evolution; (7) whatever happens next.
Dyson's ability to find music in problems may reflect on his father having been a composer. As the story goes, as a teenager he, young Freeman, dealt with the challenge of reading Vinogradov's An introduction to the theory of numbers by learning Russian and then translated Vinogradov's text into English.
Dyson's books include: Disturbing the Universe, Weapons and Hope, Origins of LIfe, Infinite in all Directions, From Eros to Gaia, Imagined Worlds; The Sun, the Genome and the Internet, A Many Colored Glass: Reflections of Life in the Universe.
Aside from his affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study, he serves on the board of trustees and is a past president of the Space Studies Institute, founded by the late Gerard O'Neill.Dyson is also a member of Jason, a defense advisory group of scientists.
My interview with Freeman Dyson follows.
Freeman Dyson: Yes, I would still say that. We've learned a certain amount since then but the basic mystery remains. We don't have a clearly defined chemical path from a mixture of garbage to an organized cell. That's what we somehow have to discover. The main difference between my thinking about things then and now is that now we firmly understand that there was an RNA world. The evidence for the preponderance of RNA at some stage has become stronger. And, of course, we know about various kinds of RNA operating in living cells today.
Suzan Mazur: Is your hypothesis still that the original living creatures were cells with a metabolic apparatus but without a genetic apparatus -- this was not an RNA world -- and that cells reproduced with high rates of error for perhaps at least a billion or more years before they began replicating? And that the replicator was a parasite. You say in your book that by metabolism you mean "what the Germans mean by Stoffwechsel with no restriction to genetically directed processes."
Suzan Mazur: In your book you have a section on Oparin's theory of cells first, enzymes second and genes third. And of Doron Lancet's work, a proponent of Oparin's theory. Do you continue to be keen on Lancet's "Lipid World" regarding origin of life? And if so, why?
Freeman Dyson: Yes, although I don't know what Doron's been doing recently.
Suzan Mazur: You describe Lancet's idea in your book by saying, "Life began with little bags, the precursors of cells, enclosing small volumes of dirty water containing miscellaneous garbage." Can you say more?
Freeman Dyson: Yes, that certainly I would agree with Certainly lipids are the most likely candidates. It would be the first stage of developing life. These little bags which gradually become cells. I would say that still looks very plausible. But I don't know what further research Doron has done in the last 10 years.
[Note: Doron Lancet has emailed me saying: "Freeman Dyson's mention of my work relates to our basic idea that life began with much smaller and simpler molecules than RNA…Dyson was attracted to this idea (which he jokingly, but lovingly called the garbage bag model) because it constituted a quantitative, physicochemically rigorous model for self-replicating entities that could jump-start life without resorting to long templating biopolymers such as RNA…
What is so nice about such spontaneously accreting building blocks is that (1) they can be simpler than nucleotides, the building blocks of RNA, e.g., fatty acids (simple lipids) found in meteorites as per Dave Deamer's papers and (2) they come in thousands of different kinds, allowing the assembly to be "interesting" compositionally and chemically, hence jump-start more complex subsequent chemistries, including the formation of simple polymer chains, as claimed by both Dyson and Deamer [Deamer was on sabbatical in Lancet's lab 10 years ago.]..."
In short, we claim (as Dyson and Deamer do) that RNA is a result, a consequence of simpler chemistry, not a necessary early "moving force". What is good about our model is that it is not hand-waving. We simulate in the computer accurate chemical progressions that mimic the process described for the appearance of RNA-like templating molecules."]
Suzan Mazur: What do you think of the Lonsdale origin of life prize going to RNA World proponents John Sutherland and Matthew Powner? The search was for a proposal that identified life as "a self-sustaining chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution."
Freeman Dyson: I think I would not make any comment about that. I don't know anything about the details.
[Note: Doron Lancet says further: "RNA World and Lipid World are considered by many as competing models for life's origin. John Sutherland partially alleviated some of the most bitter criticisms against the RNA World by showing that the small molecular building blocks of the RNA chain may be formed prebiotically. This is still far from saying it wins as a full-fledged model for the origin of life.... There are many open questions that continue to be debated in the field regarding formation of chains, the capacity of such chains to replicate and more."]
Freeman Dyson: I haven't really been following all the discussions.
Freeman Dyson: I would strongly disagree. It's essentially a problem of chemistry.
Suzan Mazur: Who else's origin of life work on this subject do you like?
Freeman Dyson: I haven't really been following it, so it's hard to answer. But it obviously is a problem of chemistry, and the chemists have not made much progress as far as I know.
Suzan Mazur: What kind of experiments should they be doing?
Suzan Mazur: You draw an analogy in your book between origin of life and the origin of body plans half a billion years ago, a "sudden efflorescence of elaborate body plans," during the Cambrian explosion Have you had further thoughts about this in light of the "evo-devo revolution"? Did form come first or did form arise from genetic programs?
Freeman Dyson: I haven't thought about that recently. Clearly we are understanding much more about embryonic development. The thing I'm most excited about is HAR1 and HAR2 discoveries of David Haussler, but of course, that's much later in history.
Suzan Mazur: Do you think form came first?
Freeman Dyson: By the time of the Cambrian explosion is very late in the history of life and genetics had become very powerful. But, of course, we have no idea


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Yale F. Edeiken answers:
There is a very good chart of the distintive badges used at Auschwitz in Danuta Czech "Auschwitz Chronicle" page 82. (Owl Books; 1989: ISBN 0-8050-0938-8 and -- pb --0-8050-5238-0. Gypsies were given a brown triangle pointed down. "Asocial" prisoners were given a black triangle pointed down as were "labor reeducation prisoners." The latter had a white "A" in the center of the triangle. Additionally "asocial Jews" wore a star of David with a a black triangle pointed down superimposed on a yellow triangle pointed up.
I am a 7th grade English teacher in.... We do study the holocaust as part of an interdisciplinary unit. I would appreciate any information you could give me about the triangles. Last year I had students who wanted to design a t-shirt using those symbols.
The chart in Danuta Czech's book should provide a good basis for the design of a t-shirt.
Thank you for your help. I have bookmarked your web site as a future reference for my students.
Thank you for the compliment. I hope this helps you. If your students decide to design a t-shirt, please let us know.
Yale F. Edeiken
Harry W. Mazal OBE responds:I am one of the persons in the Holocaust History Project that replies to questions from our readers. It is possible that you will receive other replies from my colleagues.
The first camp to use colored badges to identify their prisoners was Dachau. Their color scheme can be viewed at the following site:
The main classifications were:
The Dachau badges don't appear to be significantly different to the badges used in Auschwitz. You might wish to see the response my colleague, Yale Edeiken, made to a similar question:
Harry W. Mazal OBE
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Last modified: June 25, 2000


Abalone Shell
Abalone Shell
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The abalone shell was traditionally used in smudging ceremonies to represent the element of Water. They have been uncovered in archaeological digs from around the world dating back thousands of years.
The iridescent nacre inside the shell is formed from microscopic calcium carbonate tiles, making it exceptionally strong in addition to it's beauty. This distinctive rainbow shine is also frequently seen in jewelry.
Commonly used today as a fire safe container while smoke cleansing or to represent the ocean or feminine on an altar.
Can be supported upright with separate stand. Sold by the each


Are There Any Harmful Effects of Orgonite
Are There Any Harmful Effects of Orgonite
For many years now, orgone energy has been known as a universal life force that is capable of turning negative energies into positive ones and send it out into the atmosphere. There are various theories surrounding the subtle energies, particularly because there is no scientific method to measure the energy and prove its effects.Generations of people have experienced the effects of subtle energies and have reported about their effects.
Is Orgonite Harmful?
Orgonite is derived from the term "orgone" which was coined by Wilhem Reich. It is a life-force energy which is believed to exist in healthy and stagnant form. The healthy form of energy is known as POR (Positive Orgone Energy) and the stagnant one is DOR (Deadly Orgone).
Orgonite/Orgone Devices are made up of resin, metal shavings and quartz crystals. They are capable of transmuting the negative energy into positive one. Positive energies cause a number of benefits to the surroundings.
 - In human beings, orgonite is known to induce better sleep patterns. The presence of orgonite helps a person to sleep through the night and reduces the number of waking considerably.
 - Orgonites are known to reduce the ill-effects of EMFs. It does not reduce the radiations as such, but can reduce their harmful effects. Orgonites can specifically be helpful; for people who are sensitive to emissions.
 - Orgonites are known to accelerate the growth of plants in many cases. Yet another positive impact of orgonite can be seen on foods. It acts as a preservative and foods remain fresh for longer than usual.
 - Orgonite remove the energy blockages from the body. Once the blockages are released there is a gush of fresh and positive energy, a person feels happy and content.
Just like how too much of anything can be alarming, the same goes with Orgonite. One can have as many orgonite as they wish. But stay alert that you may sometimes experience temporary discomfort, as too much of anything is not good. In the presence of too much energy, the effects can be felt strongly. Hence, it is best to use Orgonite in nominal amounts and make the most of it.
One can benefit their house, workplace, and environment all with Orgonite. In fact, Orgonite have effect on all the living beings, including animals.
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Never as at this time have products designed for people's health and well-being been so important. We need practical help to live peacefully at home and in public spaces, such as bars and restaurants, cinemas, hotels, schools, stores, exhibition venues, medical and professional offices. To meet this need, Milesi has developed a new line of sterilizing and sanitizing finishes, Healthy.Wood, which gives surfaces absolute and lasting protection against bacteria, without resorting to the use of disinfectants. It is a finish that can easily be applied to protect any surface. It is also designed to be used, as an industrial finish, for the production of objects of everyday use that need to be sanitized: spectacles, toys, etc. The heart of the formulation is silver, with its acknowledged disinfectant qualities. In combination with the innovative technology developed at Milesi's Research Laboratory, it has enabled us to create a wide range of finishes and finishing coats with extremely innovative sterilizing and sanitizing properties. The sanitizing particles are directly integrated into their formulation and this makes it possible to distribute the product evenly over the whole surface, making it resistant to bacteria in all its parts.
Since they do not evaporate, their sanitizing action lasts forever, even on surfaces that are often cleaned with detergents, including particularly aggressive ones.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose I have an array of non-repeating decimal numbers:
v1 = 0.0588235294117647, 0.1428571428571429, 0.0526315789473684, 0.0769230769230769
I would like to convert this to an array of integers by multiplying/dividing all the elements by a single number:
v2 = 1729, 4199, 1547, 2261
All numbers need to be in their most simple form as well. To clarify, this is the solutions column of a matrix with one free variable. I need to make that variable equal something that makes the entire column consist of whole integers.
I've tried a bunch of things, but nothing seems to work all the time.
I need some type of algorithm so that I can automate this process.
share|improve this question
I see no relationship between these values. Where did you get them? How did you arrive at those integers? – duffymo Dec 24 '11 at 2:33
It's unclear what you want the relationship between v1 and v2 to be. – Greg Hewgill Dec 24 '11 at 2:33
v1 and v2 are simply examples to demonstrate what I meant by "non-repeating decimal vector" and "whole integer vector" respectively. I just made them up for this post. Sorry about that. – George Costanza Dec 24 '11 at 2:34
Why not multiply each number by 10 until they all become integral? – mtrw Dec 24 '11 at 2:34
You could multiply v1 * 0, that's whole. – Greg Hewgill Dec 24 '11 at 2:36
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closed as not a real question by Paulpro, Mitch Wheat, woodchips, duffymo, ChrisF Dec 24 '11 at 15:09
2 Answers
Based on your comment on the other answer, your question seems to be how to scale a vector up so that all the values are integral.
This is not an easy task as you essentially need to find fractional approximations for all the numbers in v1.
Related: Algorithm for finding the ratio of two floating-point numbers?
There are essentially 2 main approaches to do this depending on what kind of numbers you want:
1) The easy way: You could multiply the vector by 2 until everything becomes integral. This is guaranteed to happen since all current systems use binary floating-point. This is essentially the first answer in the above question.
There is one major drawback to this approach. If your numbers are like:
you will get very "weird" (and potentially large) results. (you will not get: 20, 6, 15 which is the desired answer)
2) The hard way: This approach is to use continued fractions on each element of v1 to turn it into an array of fractions. Then multiply every element by the LCM of all the denominators. This is essentially the second answer in the above question.
The drawback of this approach is that it's math intensive and complicated. So you're better off just copying the implementation in that answer. The advantage is that it will give better results.
share|improve this answer
Thank you. This is what I wanted. – George Costanza Dec 25 '11 at 1:32
If this answers your question, you can accept it by clicking on the green checkmark. :) – Mysticial Dec 25 '11 at 1:55
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If I understand you correctly you want to do something that ay result in very very large integers.
You want to find an integer (preferably smallest possible, but that may not be fast to find) that is a multiple of 3._PHONE_, call it m1. Then do the same so you have m1, m2, m3, m4. Then you want to find their lowest common multiple lcm(m1, m2, m3, m4) or just use m1*m2*m3*m4 to avoid compute lcm. And multiply your vector v1, by the result. This will result in enormous integers in your vector (which will almost always not be able to be stored in 64 bits).
So say for your above numbers you could easily pick:
m1 = 33837475943
m2 = 89391713934747847847
m3 = 23282781272732734
m4 = 32838723
m = m1*m2*m3*m4 //2312684250534946337531905217893260302519969924182717722
v2 = m*v1
You may want to use the Fast Fourier Transform to multiply your m's since they are quite large you can have O(n log(n)) multiplication instead of, but I don't know if these numbers are large enough for it to really be beneficial.
share|improve this answer
Basically, right. Then I want to reduce it to its "simplest" form, which would require dividing uniformly by some number. – George Costanza Dec 24 '11 at 3:01
_USER_ If you pick the smallest multiple (rather than just multiplying by a power of 10 for each number, and use the lowest common multiple of the result instead of m1*m2*m3*m4 you will have the result. Otherwise you could do it the above way and then find the greatest common divisor of the numbers in your v2 and divide them all by that. – Paulpro Dec 24 '11 at 3:05
_USER_ I reccomend that second way actually. You can use this gcd(a,b) = gcd(b,a mod b) with a > b to find the gcd of two numbers quite fast. You need to find the gcd of n (say 4 like in your example) large numbers, then use gcd(v[1], gcd(v[2], gcd(v[3], v[4])))' – Paulpro Dec 24 '11 at 3:07
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How Spicy Beef Tripe Soup Became a Mexican-American Breakfast Staple
This story is over 5 years old.
How Spicy Beef Tripe Soup Became a Mexican-American Breakfast Staple
Picky Mexican-American Millennials call menudo a comfort breakfast food, especially after a night of drinking. And the reason why may lie in its working-class roots.
September 2, 2015, 8:22pm
Does a pot of boiling tripe that smells like manure sound like your kind of hangover cure? If you grew up on menudo—the Mexican breakfast soup notoriously made with odorous chunks of stomach lining, hominy, and spices—it's the next best thing to some hair of the dog.
Menudo is the essential weekend breakfast for many Mexican-Americans in California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico of any generation; specifically, it's the go-to dish after a night of drinking.
But how exactly does a soup made of differently textured stomach lining stay at the top of the breakfast list for Millennial Mexican-Americans, who most likely grew up on Pop-Tarts, school pizza, and fast food?
READ: The Offal Osteria Is Putting the Guts Back into Florence's Former Red Light District
"Menudo is a working-class sopa," says Enrique Ochoa, Professor of History and Latin American Studies at Cal State LA, respected historian, and published author on Latin American issues.
Ochoa notes that menudo did not become popular until around the 1930s and 1940s, when migrant workers settled in urban hubs like San Antonio and East Los Angeles looking for work and establishing communities. At the time, Sinaloans and Michoacans—people from different Mexican states who would otherwise never speak to each other back home—became neighbors. Thus, they started to swap recipes.
Spoonful of stomach
Think of menudo as one of the first Mexican fusion foods on the West Coast.
In American culture, surrogate tías (aunts) soon came into play, making menudo as American as eggs and bacon for their families. The stereotypical Mexican señora image depicted on the labels of Juanita's canned menudo reminded many of their own moms or half-dozen aunties. This convenient Americanization of tripe soup beget the common Mexican family ritual of eating menudo on Sunday mornings, as well as the BYO pot system at establishments that serve menudo. Commercialization glossed over the details of what exactly menudo was, instead focusing on the vibrant colors and spicy flavors, propelling the red, palate-friendly broth of menudo into the mainstream.
Most people who grew up eating menudo can tell you that their own grandmother or abuelita has the tendency to add a lot of dried red chilies. But other regions of Mexico don't serve that same firewater-style soup. Sinaloans prefer a clear broth with hominy and no chile at all. People from DF like pancita, which is menudo under a different name, with no hominy filler but still crimson in color. Some cooks add cabeza (cow head) and pata (pork feet). These cuts of meat require hours to break down into gelatin, thus creating a savory, thick broth. The smell of it cooking is potent, like a cartoon aroma that can slap someone around if they're not careful.
Jesus Raya, the menudo cook in a Mexican restaurant in Los Angeles
Menudo is also the official food of any celebration in a Mexican-American household that takes place in the morning or early afternoon. Baby shower? The mom-to-be better be craving beef stomach. Funeral? No one is ever too sad to eat some tripe.
During the research phase of this article, I wanted to dive into the ethnological view of menudo, so I contacted Chicano Latino Research Center director Catherine Sue Ramírez at UC Santa Cruz. Instead, she referred me to her mother.
"I don't like stinky meat," Edna Ramirez tells me before sharing her recipe over the phone.
Ramirez, an LA Times Best Home Cook awardee, cautions me to thoroughly wash all the meat used in menudo with lemon juice. Tripe—both the bristled and the honeycomb cuts—can give off sulfuric smells that only a grandma can love. Those same compounds can also contaminate the broth and make it literally taste like the food that it was digesting a few weeks ago.
Oregano, crushed dried red chilies, and chopped onion are the traditional toppings for menudo.
I think of menudo as the persistent family member who keeps in touch no matter how far you may go in life. To give but one example, I recently proposed to my girlfriend and we moved to northern California, some 600 miles away from Los Angeles (and my favorite Mexican bakery). Soon after the proposal, my future mother-in-law made the trek up from LA just to celebrate.
You can probably guess what we celebrated with.
That awful boiling stomach stew odor found me like some sort of fugitive, dragging me kicking and screaming to the kitchen table. It has been here longer than I have and will continue long after I'm gone. And I have a feeling that I am not the only one that feels this way. Love it or hate it, menudo is here to stay.


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An initial report on the 24-hour count that began midnight Monday and ended midnight Tuesday included 233 different species — a drop of 11 from last year when 244 were counted on Mad Island. While the area likely still has one of the United States' most diverse bird populations, the species that were missing raise questions.
Similar changes in bird behavior could be seen this year in the Midwest and parts of the South, areas that have been gripped by a massive drought that covered two-thirds of the nation at its height. The drought's severity is unusual, but scientists warn that such weather could become more common with global warming.
Thank you Ruth for this important article on how bird species numbers are declining due to climate change.


Plan And Get Directions For Multi-stop Itineraries On Android
My Route Directions - Multi-Stop Itinerary Planner
How to create routes with multiple destinations and show the directions for driving, delivering, commuting, walking, running and biking on Android.
For many users, Google Maps is the go-to app for looking up places and businesses and navigating to them. It supports a wide array of travel modes such as driving, public transit, walking and cycling.
You can also add multiple destinations to your trip:
 1. Choose a destination
 2. Opening the directions
 3. Change your starting point
 4. Open the 3-dot menu
 5. Choose the Add stop option
 6. Enter the new stop's address
Opening the 3-dot menu to add stop
You can add up to 9 stops and re-order the destinations by dragging them.
Route with multiple stops in Google Maps
As you could see, it's not very straightforward to create multi-destination routes as it involves many steps to just add a single point to the itinerary. Also, it doesn't provide a centralized solution where to save many routes for later use.
To simplify this process, the My Route Directions app can help you very easily create multi-stop routes and launch their directions using Google Maps any time you like. You can also get the directions for public transit routes with multiple destinations, which isn't possible with Google Maps.
My Route Directions
After installing My Route Directions on your Android device, open the app.
If you're prompted to allow it to access your device's location, choose the While using the app option.
Allowing access to the device's location
Click on the '+' button to start editing a new route. You can either navigate to your current location or search for places using the search bar.
Searching and navigating to places
Add as many locations and coordinates as you like. You can either long press the map or use the + button to add markers to the map. The starting point is indicated by the green marker.
Adding multiple destinations to the map
At any time, you can preview the current route's directions using Google Maps or in-app.
Viewing the itinerary directions on Google Maps
When you are satisfied with your planning, you can save the route by clicking the disk icon in the toolbar.
Saving a route
You can view your saved routes on the app's home page.
Displaying the saved routes
You can launch the directions of a particular route by clicking on its map's screenshot.
Viewing the itinerary directions on Google Maps


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Meet Sonya and her extra-prickly kittens.
Mama cat Sonya adopted four orphaned hedgehog babies when they were rescued after losing their Mama, and cared for them alongside her own kitten. The video was originallyrecorded in August.
The sound you just heard was your heart breaking into millions of tiny pieces. See video of the "hedgekittens" nursing above and some additional photos below. Prepare to dawww...
Altruism in animals
Altruism is a well-documented animal behaviour, which appears most obviously in kin relationships but may also be evident amongst wider social groups, in which an animal sacrifices its own well-being for the benefit of another animal.
Examples of animal altruism
*Dogs often adopt orphaned cats, squirrels, ducks and even tigers.
*Dolphins support sick or injured animals, swimming under them for hours at a time and pushing them to the surface so they can breathe.
*Mongooses support elderly, sick, or injured animals
*Wolves and wild dogs bring meat back to members of the pack not present at the kill. Male baboons threaten predators and cover the rear as the troop retreats.
*Gibbons and chimpanzees with food will, in response to a gesture, share their food with others of the group. Chimpanzees will help humans and conspecifics without any reward in return.
*Vampire bats commonly regurgitate blood to share with unlucky or sick roost mates that have been unable to find a meal, often forming a buddy system.
*Raccoons inform conspecifics about feeding grounds by droppings left on commonly shared latrines. A similar information system has been observed to be used by common ravens.
*In numerous bird species, a breeding pair receives support in raising its young from other "helper" birds, including help with the feeding of its fledglings. Some will even go as far as protecting an unrelated bird's young from predators
*Most mammal carnivores like wolves or dogs have a habit of not harming pack members below certain age, of opposite sex or in surrendering position (in case of some animals, the behavior exists within entire species rather than one pack). (Wikipedia)
VIDEO Baby Hedgehogs Have a Cat Mom
After their mother died, these baby hedgehogs were left alone... but luckily for them, Sonya the cat was willing to save them! Watch as Sonya nurses the wee hedgehogs, while also cuddling with her own young kitten. What a great mom!


text:
LEGO® DUPLO® Number Train 10847
Introduce STEM toys early with the LEGO® DUPLO® Number Train. It's a colorful introduction to numbers and counting. Your toddler will love to build and rebuild this developmental toy, learning early number recognition as they go! This set is the perfect educational gift for little ones and a great introduction to the LEGO STEM sets. With two child DUPLO® figures and a cat figure, the set provides endless storytelling and creativity for little minds. If you're looking for a learning toy or STEM gift, the Number Train is your best bet, and DUPLO® bricks are designed to be safe and suitable for little hands.
- Includes two child LEGO® DUPLO® figures, plus a cat figure.
- Features a buildable locomotive and three wagons.
- Includes bricks decorated with numbers 0 to 9.
- Use the decorated bricks to teach your child about numbers and counting.
- Encourage building and role-play.
- LEGO® DUPLO® products are specially designed to be safe and easy for little hands.
- This set offers an age-appropriate build and play experience for ages 1½-3 years.
- Train with wagons attached measures over 3" (10cm) high, 14" (37cm) long and 2" (6cm) wide.