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If you are looking for a way to automate SFTP transfers in a shell script, then this article is for you. We will show you how to use the expect command to automate SFTP tasks in a shell script. Expect is a tool for automating interactive applications such as SFTP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, etc.
The expect command waits for the user to enter a specific string of characters. It then sends the specified string to the program. In this way, you can automate any interactive application.
The following is a simple expect script that automates the SFTP task of downloading a file from a remote server.
# Connect to remote server
spawn sftp user@remote_server
# Wait for password prompt
# Send password
# Wait for sftp prompt
# Send get command
send "get file_to_download.txt\r"
# Wait for download to complete
In the above script, we first connect to the remote server using the spawn command. We then wait for the password prompt and send the password. Next, we wait for the sftp prompt and send the get command to download the file. Finally, we exit the SFTP session.
You can also use the expect command to automate other tasks such as uploading files, changing directories, etc.
Other related questions:
How Pass password in SFTP command line?
_EMAIL_'s password: ********
How do I automate a SFTP file transfer?
There are a few different ways that you could automate a SFTP file transfer. One way would be to use a tool like WinSCP which has a scriptable command line interface that you could use to automate file transfers.
Another way would be to use a tool like PuTTY which also has a command line interface that can be used to automate file transfers.
Finally, you could also write your own script or program to automate file transfers using the SFTP protocol.
How do I SFTP a Unix shell script?
log into the server via SFTP
enter the desired directory
upload the shell script
To run the script, use the "execute" command:
How do I get SFTP username and password?
There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on your particular SFTP server setup. However, you can typically find this information in the documentation for your SFTP server, or by contacting your SFTP server administrator.
- Automate SFTP using shell script with password in Linux/Unix
- How to run the sftp command with a password from Bash script?
- How to make the script automated to take password on its own?
- Sftp script to transfer files in Linux with password – Fedingo
- Sftp connection with password – The UNIX and Linux Forums
- How to automate sftp file transfers using expect utility
- How to automate sftp and remote shell calls? – Super User


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|man pages section 1M: System Administration Commands Oracle Solaris 11 Information Library|
- remove a file from software database
removef [ [-M] -R root_path] [-V fs_file] pkginst path...
removef [ [-M] -R root_path] [-V fs_file] -f pkginst
removef informs the system that the user, or software, intends to remove a pathname. Output from removef is the list of input pathnames that may be safely removed (no other packages have a dependency on them).
The following options are supported:
After all files have been processed, removef should be invoked with the -f option to indicate that the removal phase is complete.
Instruct removef not to use the $root_path/etc/vfstab file for determining the client's mount points. This option assumes the mount points are correct on the server and it behaves consistently with Solaris 2.5 and earlier releases.
Define the full path name of a directory to use as the root_path. All files, including package system information files, are relocated to a directory tree starting in the specified root_path. The root_path may be specified when installing to a client from a server (for example, /export/root/client1).
removef inherits the value of the PKG_INSTALL_ROOT environment variable. (See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES, below.) If PKG_INSTALL_ROOT is set, such as when the -R option is used with pkgadd(1M) or pkgrm(1M)
Note - The root file system of any non-global zones must not be referenced with the -R option. Doing so might damage the global zone's file system, might compromise the security of the global zone, and might damage the non-global zone's file system. See zones(5).
Specify an alternative fs_file to map the client's file systems. For example, used in situations where the $root_path/etc/vfstab file is non-existent or unreliable.
The following operands are supported:
The pathname to be removed.
The package instance from which the pathname is being removed.
Example 1 Using removef
The following example uses the removef command in an optional pre-install script:
echo "The following files are no longer part of this package and are being removed." removef $PKGINST /myapp/file1 /myapp/file2 | while read pathname do echo "$pathname" rm -f $pathname done removef -f $PKGINST || exit 2
If present, defines the full path name of a directory to use as the system's PKG_INSTALL_ROOT path. All product and package information files are then looked for in the directory tree, starting with the specified PKG_INSTALL_ROOT path. If not present, the default system path of / is used.
An error occurred.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
Package commands are largefile(5)-aware. They handle files larger than 2 GB in the same way they handle smaller files. In their current implementations, pkgadd(1M), pkgtrans(1) and other package commands can process a datastream of up to 4 GB.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


in Development
How to Become a 10x Engineer
"Richard is a 10xer. I'm barely a 1xer." – Big Head, HBO's Silicon Valley
At its core, programming is about efficiency. It's about eliminating any unnecessary step to complete the desired function faster. That's why the distinction of being a "10x engineer" is held in such high esteem.
A 10x engineer is an engineer who's so talented and so precise, that they are able to be as productive as 10 engineers.
Contrary to what every engineer tells you, there are not many 10x engineers. Like the billion dollar startup, they are unicorns. In this guide, we're going to teach you how to identify a 10x engineer, and show you how you can hone your craft to join the exclusive 10x engineer club.
How to Distinguish A 10x Engineer
Identifying a 10x engineer is not easy, largely because the definition of a 10x engineer is variable depending on who you talk to. Based on our research, here's a list of common traits that were brought up repeatedly when describing a 10x engineer.
10xers are:
 - Curious and always learning.
 - Not just great engineers themselves, but they elevate the work of everyone around them.
 - Able to dive in and and learn new code bases with faster ramp up times.
 - Great at recognizing patterns and replacing procedural code with simple, beautiful methods.
 - The best at debugging code. They don't need to waste time, because they ID problems quickly and have a solution faster than your average programmer.
 - Extremely well versed in a broad range of languages, tools, and algorithms.
 - Able to quickly recommend the best technical solution based on risk vs. benefit.
 - Always coding. Not just at work, but on their own time.
 - Looking at the whole picture and can anticipate problems, and build to avoid them.
How to Become a 10x Engineer
Now that you know what distinguishes a 10x engineer from a regular Joe, how can you improve your skill set to become a 10x engineer?
 1. Expand Your Coding Knowledge
10x engineers aren't experts in just one language. They are knowledgeable in many different languages. Understanding many different programming languages is valuable because it gives you a deeper understanding of the different solutions you could use to fix a problem.
10x engineers are passionate about programming and are always experimenting outside of work. They have a genuine desire to learn new languages, even if they might not use it daily. This increased knowledge of code will help them when it comes to debugging other people's code. Instead of rewriting someone else's codebase, which many programmers would prefer to do, 10x engineers can quickly assess the problems with an unfamiliar codebase and fix them. This can't be done with limited coding knowledge.
tools accident
Know your tools.
 1. Know As Many Tools As Possible
A 10x engineer is naturally curious and always learning new bits of information. This is helpful, because it opens the mind to alternative options. Instead of being stuck in one method or technology (which is dictated by the tools you know), a 10x engineer can use their vast knowledge of tools to determine which tool will make the task much, much easier.
It's the right tools that make a 10x engineer so efficient. With the right tools, the 10x engineer can do the work of "10 engineers", because they are so much more efficient with their time and execution. While an average engineer might be fumbling their way through a process, a 10xer has already streamlined it and is two steps ahead.
 1. Improve Your Communication Skills
No one lives in a vacuum. Excellent products and great companies are not built by one person. Teams build excellent products and collectively make up great companies. In order to be a 10x engineer, you have to be able to work together with many different people. Even people that aren't as skilled as you. If you're unable to work with others, even if you're a wonderfully talented engineer, you won't get far.
Not getting along with your team doesn't just make for an unpleasant work environment, it will actually have an adverse effect on morale. If you're a "cancer to the team," you're not going to last long. Like in basketball, great players aren't just great themselves; they make everyone around them better as well.
 1. Think Big Picture
You might be tasked with working on a singular feature for a much larger product. It's easy to focus solely on your task, but a 10x engineer is going to think about the bigger picture. Expand your mind and look at the real problem you're trying to solve. It isn't about today, it's about 5 months from now.
A 10x engineer is thinking three to four steps down the road. They're determining if the current process and strategy will lead to difficult problems later. What works today with your 100 customers isn't going to work when you have 1,000,000 customers. A 10x engineer is thinking about ways to prevent a technical catastrophe in scenarios like this. You'll save time and money down the line if you're not constantly rebuilding features. The vision of the product should be taken into account from the beginning, and is exactly what a 10x engineer would do.
 1. Understand All Solutions Are Not Equal
If you want to get to Los Angeles from New York, the most efficient way to get there is a direct flight from JFK to LAX. You could also take a flight with a layover in Atlanta, Georgia. Or, if you're feeling adventurous, you could drive across the country in a car to get to Los Angeles. The point being, just because you found a solution to a problem doesn't mean it's the best solution.
A 10x engineer will figure out the "direct flight" option to each problem. Instead of writing over-complicated code, a 10xer will implement elegant solutions that will accomplish tasks in fewer steps. This goes back to thinking big picture. When you're looking at problems from a high level, and can anticipate future problems, then you're not going to hack together something that just works today. Efficiency will reign supreme.
Build and break stuff.
Build and break stuff.
 1. Build and Break Stuff
Sometimes the best way to learn is to build. 10xers are building stuff in their free time, and they love it. The extra hours working on their own projects allows them to experiment with different languages, databases, and tools. The more code they're exposed to, the quicker they're able to read and process it. It takes 10,000 hours to become an expert in anything.
Stop thinking about how to become a 10xer and just go out and build stuff! While you're at it, break it too! The fastest way to becoming a 10xer is to get your 10,000 hours of programming in. This will enable you to perfect your skills and increase your ability to consume and process technical information. No one became an expert overnight, nor between the hours of 9-5. If you really want to become a 10x engineer, you're going to have to dive in and learn.
10x engineers don't actually call themselves 10x engineers. They go out and crush it. They build great products, solve hard problems, and make everyone around them better. They're not just better, they're faster than your average engineer. You'll just know a 10xer when you see how they work.
If you dedicate yourself to writing code all the time, and improve your skills in these six areas, you are going to be one hell of an engineer. Anyone will pay top dollar to hire you. Why wouldn't they? You are a unicorn.


text:
Two organ donor application leaflets shown in London on January 16, 2008. Credit: LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images
At any given time, there are more than 114,000 Americans in need of life-saving organ transplants. And on average, 18 of them lose their lives every day because they did not receive the transplant they need. Even still, there were 28,535 organ transplants in the U.S. last year.
Given this shortfall, medical experts are always looking for ways to save more lives. One of the techniques being used more frequently is called elective ventilation, which is a practice that doctors us to keep a brain dead patient alive for the sole purpose of organ donation.
Examples include people who have suffered severe brain trauma who are close to death but have otherwise healthy organs and are certified organ donors. The practice is already in use, but some medical ethicists view techniques like elective ventilation as controversial because it involves keeping people alive for the sole purpose harvesting their organs.
Is it ethical to prolong the lives of people with terminal injuries given that those people can no longer give medical consent? Is saving lives with more and better organs worth the ethical considerations?
Read the Full Story at KPCC Blogs


Should you turn off your router at night?
Should you turn off your router at night?
Most broadband internet users often leave their internet-connected even when they're not factitively using it, like at night or when they're away from home. Is this a good or a bad thing? Should you turn off WiFi at night? The answer to that depends on your specific situation and how you use your internet.
There are several studies and observations that cite the disadvantages and health risks of leaving your router running overnight. But by turning it off, you forego several advantages, and might even limit the usefulness of your router to your home.
Should I leave my wifi router on all the time? Perhaps let's start by looking at the possible reasons why many people leave their router running overnight, and if those pros outweigh the benefits of turning it off.
Why Most People Don't Power Down their Routers at night
 - Communication reliability –After power cycling, network connections may fail to re-establish. That is especially common with broadband modems. Broadband modems generally should be powered on first, then other devices later. The waiting routine can be rather a nuisance to some people.
 - Hardware reliability –power-cycling a computer or another device on your network can shorten its working life, so they prefer leaving them running all through.
 - Convenience –shutting down most modems and routers using the manufacturer's recommended procedure often takes take time, and this can quickly turn into an inconvenience if you have to do it daily.
 - Remote access –if other programs need to access your network remotely, shutting it down means that your system cannot be accessed.
 - Smart home devices and security –if you have a smart home, you probably need to keep your router running at all times. Turning the router off at night means shutting down the connectivity to most of the smart home devices (like security cameras and alarm systems), which can potentially compromise your security.
There're probably other reasons why you keep your router running overnight. However, experts and health-conscious advocates point out far deeper downsides and risks of keeping your router running at all times.
Should I leave my wifi router on all the time?
Reasons To Turn Off WiFi At Night
Save Electricity
The energy bill is one of those bills that just keep growing year after year as more devices get added to the grid. Turning on your router and other electronic devices while you're not using them is draining a significant amount of electricity. That also means you're paying extra bucks at the end of the month towards electricity. Turning off the router at night is a right call if you're determined to keep your monthly bills to the minimum.
Reduce Electromagnetic Radiation
Wi-Fi is one of the largest sources of EMF radiation in most homes. The Wi-Fi in your home keeps devices connected using Radio Frequency EMF. While this radio frequency is incredibly useful at keeping your devices connected, it also poses health risks in large doses.
While you cannot completely prevent exposure to Radio Frequency waves, you can keep it to the minimum. And one of the absolute best ways to dramatically reduce your exposure is to turn off wifi at night.
For many homes, turning off your router or disabling the Wi-Fi doesn't really affect much because you're sleeping. You will still be connected to the outside world via your phone.
How Dangerous Is "Wi-Fi Radiation"?
By "Wi-Fi Radiation", I mean the radiofrequency radiation, which is a type of Electromagnetic Frequency radiation (EMF) your Wi-Fi uses. You can easily measure the radiofrequency radiation using an EMF meter. Radiofrequency radiation is the same type that your cell phones use to communicate with nearby cell towers.
It's also the same type of EMF radiation that causes a lot of damage to our bodies and brains from the use of routers, cellphones, and other wireless devices. I don't want to delve too deep into this, but here is a quick summary of how the "Wi-Fi Radiation" affects our health and lifestyle;
WiFi signal danger
Wi-Fi Radiation Affects Our Sleep
Wi-Fi Radiation is the biggest reason most experts cite when advising homeowners to switch off the Wi-Fi at night. One extensive study carried out at the University Of Melbourne in 2013 revealed that EMF radiation affects the quality of sleep. That is the same reason why you shouldn't sleep with your phone nearby.
The researchers noted that our bodies perceive EMD radiation in the same way they perceive light. So if the body sense EMF radiation, it slows down the production of the pineal gland (the gland responsible for regulating our sleep)
With the inability to get enough sleep, your body is exposed to all manner of opportunistic health issues such as reduced ability to fight disease, grow muscle, repair damage, and expel toxins. There is endless literature on the consequences of sleep deprivation, and EMF dramatically reduces your chances of getting a healthy dose of sleep every day.
Increased Risk of Certain Cancers
There have been numerous studies on brain tumors and the increased use of cell phones and other wireless devices. Excessive exposure to electromagnetic waves increases the risk of certain types of tumors. Researchers and health experts are particularly concerned about the effect of EMF radiation on children. For this reason, countries like England, Sweden, and France are reducing wireless internet from schools and instead opting for wired internet.
People who spend most of their time with equipment that emit magnetic radiation frequently commonly suffer from chronic headaches, insomnia, and much more. Developing simple habits such as disabling your Wi-Fi at night and not sleeping with your phone next to you can significantly reduce your chances of developing related health complications.
Surge protection
Unplugging your router and other network devices prevents damage by power surges. While you might have surge protectors to take care of this, inexpensive surge units might not always protect your devices against major surges. That is particularly important if you live in an area prone to frequent lightning.
Increased security
Powering off a device when you're not using it improves network security. When network devices are offline, hackers cannot target those devices and reduces your chances of being hacked by nearly 40 percent. Other security measures such as firewalls help and are necessary, but not bulletproof.
Should I Turn Off WiFi at Night?
At this point, I am sure you generally agree that turning off your router at night offers more benefits and is good for your health. As discussed, turning off or disabling Wi-Fi can go a long way in reducing your radiation exposure. You have three simple options of making sure your router remains switched off at night;
Use a Mechanical Outlet Timer.
This option is effective and inexpensive. Usually, when things are going a little slow, your ISP tells you to 'power cycle' the router. That simply means switching it off, waiting for about 30 seconds, and switching it on again. You can do the same each night, automatically, using a mechanical outlet timer.
You can purchase a simple mechanical outlet timer on Amazon. Set the timer to disconnect the router automatically from say 10.00 pm and reconnect it at 5:00 am when you wake up. Another option is to turn off your router manually every night –but you're are more likely to forget doing so.
Set a Timer on Your Router
Most routers come with functionality that allows you to schedule when your router turns off and on. All you need is to log into the router software via your browser and navigate to the scheduler in the settings section.
If you have children in the house who never seem to get off the internet, this is an excellent way to regular internet access. With the mechanical timer, they could just unplug the timer and plug the router back in. However, the inbuilt router scheduler allows you to set a password to login to the router itself, making sure they don't disrupt the schedule.
Different routers and computers work differently, so we may not be able to go deep into details on how to do this. If you haven't figured it out yet, consult the router's user manual or the manufacturer's online guides.
Cable your Network
If you take your health serious enough, this option shouldn't be too much out of your way. The aim here is to set an ethernet network and hardwire as many devices in your home as possible and only reserve Wi-Fi for phones and other mobile devices.
You will essentially need to purchase some ethernet cable which is long enough to connect your router to all your computers. The standard option is to run an ethernet cable from the router for each device. But the easiest and most economical way is to use an ethernet cable divider.
An ethernet cable divider comes with multiple outlet ethernet ports and one input port. The divider allows you to connect multiple computers to a single ethernet cable running from the router. If you have no idea how to hook all these up, you should probably consult a professional network installer.
EMF Protection
If you cannot power down your WiFi at night another option is to use an EMF protection device. There are a number of items available that can help protect you from EMFs. Here are a few options. Click the link to see Amazon Pricing.
WiFi neutralizer
eLink EMF Neutralizer – Pendant Protection Device
eLink EMF Neutralizer – Whole House Plug Protection Device
The Bottom Line
Should you turn off WiFi at night? Most probably, yes. That is not only for your health but also for the ultimate performance and durability of your Wi-Fi devices. The only exception could be if you have a smart home or home security system that heavily relies on the availability of the internet.
Other helpful articles that will help you learn more about routers and streaming media
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text:
Dictionary Results for reversal|
1. reversal - noun
· a change from one state to the opposite state; "there was a reversal of autonomic function"
2. reversal - noun
· an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating
Synonym(s): reverse, setback, blow, black_eye
Hypernym(s): happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural_event
3. reversal - noun
· turning in an opposite direction or position; "the reversal of the image in the lens"
Hypernym(s): turning, turn
4. reversal - noun
· a decision to reverse an earlier decision
Synonym(s): change_of_mind, flip-flop, turnabout, turnaround
Hypernym(s): decision_making, deciding
5. reversal - noun
· a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was incorrect and should be set aside
Hypernym(s): judgment, judgement, judicial_decision
6. reversal - noun
· turning in the opposite direction
Synonym(s): reversion, reverse, turnabout, turnaround
Hypernym(s): change_of_direction, reorientation
7. reversal - noun
· the act of reversing the order or place of
8. reversal - noun
· a major change in attitude or principle or point of view; "an about-face on foreign policy"
Synonym(s): about-face, volte-face, policy_change
or unscramble the word you need to complete that puzzle or to finish that
project or homework!
letters to unscramble the word
synonyms, antonyms and related words
word below with '?' to indicate missing letters
word to find the rhymes
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text: The aim of this paper was to review in vitro and in situ studies that directly compared the use of bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth in dental experiments. A PubMed search was conducted for papers published from 1953 to December 30, 2010 using the following keywords: "human bovine enamel" or "human bovine dentin" or "human bovine teeth". The abstracts of the studies resulting from the keyword search were read, and all papers that compared human and bovine teeth were fully read. Only original articles written in English and directly comparing human and bovine substrates were included in the review. The search was supplemented by manual searches of the reference lists from each identified paper. Out of 76 studies initially selected, 68 fulfilled the selection criteria for inclusion. The studies covered seven categories: dental morphology, chemical composition, physical properties, dental caries, dental erosion/abrasion, bonding/adhesive strength, and marginal microleakage. Inconsistent data exist regarding whether bovine teeth can be considered an appropriate substitute for human teeth in dental research. Morphological, chemical compostion and physical property differences between the two substrates must be considered when interpreting results obtained from any experiment using bovine tooth substrate.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
by Bob Cramblitt
Small things often sell cars and create brand loyalty: the positioning of the cup holder; how the seat molds to your body; the thunk of the door when it closes. Add to that list how particles – whether they are rain, snow or dirt – disperse across the surface of a car.
Particle behavior in relation to the surface of a car is known in the automotive industry as vehicle soiling, and up until recently, it was nearly impossible to simulate in a computer. But within the last few years, Audi has made major strides in using CFD simulation and visualization to better predict the complex interactions that constitute vehicle soiling.


text: This paper describes the creation of a hypothetical virtual art exhibit using a virtual environment task analysis tool. The Virtual Environment Task Analysis Tool (VETAT-ART) is a paper-and-pencil tool developed to provide structure and guidance to the needs-analysis process that is essential to the development of lifelike virtual exhibits. To illustrate its potential usefulness, VETAT-ART is applied to the design of a historical art exhibit. The first part of the article draws a general profile of our sample application. It introduces organizational-, user-, and task-related factors typically collected when designing or modifying most computer-based systems. The second part of the paper presents the user and task requirements unique to the creation of a virtual environment. Task requirements determine the contents of various storyboards and draw the architecture of the environment. Storyboards describe the images, sounds, sensations, and scents to be found in individual galleries. The architecture establishes a sensible order in which the galleries may be accessed. User requirements determine the human sensory, cognitive, and ergonomic needs relevant to the key activities museum visitors are expected to perform. Activities include visualization and inspection, exploration, and the manipulation of virtual artifacts. Eight goal-categories define user requirements. Visual, auditory, and haptic requirements are determined by humansensory issues. Features relevant to memory capacity, information load, and mental models describe cognitive issues. Physical and physiological considerations are determined by human ergonomics. The third section of the paper suggests usability goals and possible measures of success. In conclusion, limitations and potential extensions of the tool are discussed.


text:
- Conference date: 15-17 November 2004
- Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)
With the advent of the new generation of X‐ray satellites (Chandra and XMM‐Newton), for the first time X‐ray spectroscopy with unprecedented spectral resolution is now available for extra‐solar objects. In particular, the He‐like line ratios are powerful diagnostic tools for a variety of plasmas such as collisional (e.g., stellar coronae), and/or photo‐ionized (e.g., Active Galactic Nuclei) plasmas. I will show how these ratios can be used to infer the density, the electron temperature (and ionization processes) of the plasma. I will review the advantages and limitations of these diagnostics, and the perspectives with Astro‐E2, Constellation X and XEUS.
- Plasma diagnostics
- Plasma temperature
- Active galaxies
- Ionization processes
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You may know someone with a big heart, but you probably haven't seen one the size of the whale heart that is on display now in Beaufort.
The heart of a male sperm whale was put on display at the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort Thursday morning. After a nine-year, 2,300 mile journey, the heart and skeleton of a male sperm whale is ready for the public to see this Valentine's Day week. The whale is named "Echo" and his skeleton currently hangs in the museum.
"We should all think about our hearts more often in many ways. It's good to have this display and since I'm a marine biologist I think it's great to bring biology into it and educate people," said Victoria Thayer.
"It felt very rubbery. I wasn't grossed out by it or anything, but I think it's fascinating that they're able to preserve it like that so that you can actually visualize what the inside looks like." said visitor Nan Holton.
The heart was plastinated at the University of Tennessee Knoxville. Plastination is a process used to preserve body parts where the water and fat are replaced by plastics. Once plastinated, the body part can be touched and does not smell or decay.
Designed by Gray Digital Media


Experienced commercial truckers know that mountain driving requires skill and concentration. Newly-licensed drivers need to gain that understanding as they prepare for their first journeys. As a new driver, you need to grasp the nuances of driving up and down steep, winding and narrow inclines; otherwise, you can make mistakes that lead to tragic consequences. Noting just the following few tips to heart can help you shift your driving brain into the right gear before you hit your first mountain pass.
1. Prepare Your Tractor's Engine Intake
Diesel engines offer superior high-altitude driving efficiency compared to standard gasoline engines. This thin-air benefit derives from the engine's ability to combust more air and fuel per cycle. However, to attain this performance, the fuel entering the combustion chamber should be free of contaminants, including water and dirt. Fuel air separators are examples of heavy duty diesel systems that remove the harmful elements so the engine works efficiently at higher elevations; as a bonus, this scrubbing enhances long-term reliability.
2. Maintain Your Brakes and Tires
Every driver should internalize the concept that effective tire contact points are all that keep the truck on the road. If your tires are excessively worn, wet conditions will cause hydroplaning. At the same time, your tires can not do their job if your brakes fail prematurely. Throughout the season, make certain your fleet manager actively services these two critical components; if you are an independent trucker, you need to schedule these services consistently along with oil changes and other routine maintenance.
3. Overestimate Grade and Cant
When you crest a mountain, you will often see the road twisting and descending far into the distance. You can easily misjudge the steepness of the grade and the angle of the road's camber, that is, how much it slopes toward its edges. As a consequence, you may end up driving faster than your brakes can handle, or you may roll over rounding a turn. Pay attention to posted grade signs, and drive in a lower gear than your initial inclination. After a long descent, test your brakes where the road is level to make certain they still have stopping power before your next downhill ride.
The science of physics works against you when managing a fully-loaded tractor-trailer in the mountains. Your truck's mass inhibits your efforts to control your speed and maintain maneuverability. By performing the right preparation measures and practicing safe-driving strategies, however, you can take control of the mountain until you make it safely to the flats.


text:
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) accounts for over 30% of chip failure which occurred during chip manufacturing. Inadvertent touching by human body or contact with assembler tray can lead to such ESD failures. The most dominant ESD model is the charged-device model (CDM) wherein energy-destructive failure is incorporated resulting from rapid inflow, or outflow, of high current. Conventional modeling and simulations of the CDM are engineered to describe the behavior of ESD protection circuits, hence have a limitation to account for chip-level charge transfer. This paper presents a new methodology to simulate CDM behavior at chip level. A hierarchical approach associated with a CDM macromodel is developed to model a full-chip structure comprised of several functional subsystems and multiple power supplies. Full-chip CDM simulation provides the analysis of chip-level discharge paths and failure mechanisms, especially focusing on the gate oxide reliability. The proposed method can easily be applied to the CDM failure analysis of any product ICs in the early design stage. As an example, simulation results of a mixed-signal application-specific integrated circuit processed in a 0.25-μm CMOS technology show high correlation with the measurement data.


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A Fundamental Examination of Recognition of Manual Alphabets on Color Image
Yuji Nagashima, Masanori Fujii, Kazuyuki Kanda*,
Mina Terauchi**, Hideyo Nagashima
Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192 Japan
* Chukyo University, 101, Tokodate, Kaizu-cho, Toyota-shi, 470-03 Japan
** The Polytechnic University, 4-1-1, Hashimoto-dai, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 229 Japan
Recognition of the handshape is the indispensable step to recognize the JSL (Japanese Sign Language) which uses hands as a part of articulators. We start from recognition of Manual Alphabets (MA below) as a basis to understand the handshape of a sign. In our method considering its application to sign recognition at bust shot size image, we succeeded in obtaining a hand region of the bust shot color image (512 x 512 pixels) by transforming RGB system into HVC (Hue, Value and Chroma) system, and by cutting out automatically a region of a hand out of a region in skin color. The finger region was extracted out by the Erosion-Dilation method from the hand region and the features such as finger vector were obtained. We detected a direction of gradient direction and a figure of a contacted extended finger and used them as the features, which constructed a decision tree and made the MA recognized.
This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.


Re: IMG in PRE? -Reply
Abigail (
Mon, 13 May 1996 23:58:23 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Abigail <>
Message-Id: <>
Subject: Re: IMG in PRE? -Reply
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 23:58:23 +0200 (MET DST)
In-Reply-To: <> from "Scott E. Preece" at May 13, 96 02:22:40 pm
Scott E. Preece wrote:
++ From: Charles Peyton Taylor <>
++ |
++ | Since all spaces and letters in a monospaced font
++ | are always the same relative size, formatting works
++ | in . Add images, and all is screwed.
++ |
++ | BTW: why not use instead of pre? What is it that
++ | you're looking for in that you can't do with
++ | ?
++ ---
++ Well, PRE seems to control three separate things:
++ 1. it sets the font to monospaced
++ 2. it suppresses autofilling of lines
++ 3. it preserves whitespace as individual characters
++ TT only controls one of those. Another mode that would be
++ extremely useful is
++ 1. proportional type
++ 2. no autofilling
++ 3. preserve whitespace as provided (either by keeping
++ as individual space characters or by tabbing to the
++ indicated depth)
++ In addition to the obvious use for poetry, this would be good for
++ code, for those of us who believe code should be pretty-printed,
++ rather than monospaced. One can work around (2), by using BR at
++ the end of each line, but (3) seems to be impossible [you can get the
++ effect with incredibly tortuous use of tables as layout devices, but
++ it's not really practical...].
I've always problems in imagining how wide a space is in a
propotional font. For instance, in aligned text (both right and
left) interword space clearly differs from line to line.
++ There are also many instances where including IMG would *not* be
++ a formatting problem (the obvious one being where IMGs always
++ appear at the right of text (including the case of appearing on
++ lines of their own).
I don't think that should be a reason. If you allow something, it
should work in (almost) all cases, not in some. Generally, it will
not work, as you cannot device independently compare pixels with
character cells.


Petition rabbit welfare
Ban the sale of rabbits in pet shops and garden centres, classify rabbits as pets, require rabbit owners to provide outdoor rabbits with a run that is predator safe and at least 6 feet by ten feet long and 4 feet tall, and indoor rabbits free roam time out of cages of at least 4 hours each day, require that all rabbits receive vaccinations by age 8 weeks. Because over 30,000 in 2010 and over 35,000 rabbits were abandoned to shelters in 2011 and the numbers just keep rising. Rabbits are now rising in popularity as house pets and this is causing the numbers to rise.
This petition has been archived
19 signatures


A pianist from the UK played classical music to soothe hungry monkeys in Thailand - watch the video
Tuesday, 24th November 2020, 4:03 pm
Updated Tuesday, 24th November 2020, 4:05 pm
Coronavirus restrictions around the globe have resulted in places usually packed with people being left deserted, especially those frequented by tourists.
The effect of no regular visitors has been seen in Lopburi, Thailand, where wild macaque monkeys are normally fed by those visiting the province, usually at the ancient site of Phra Prang Sam Yod - aptly known as Monkey Temple.
But one local human resident has found a way to soothe the hunger of the crab-eating macaques - also known as long-tailed macaques.
Raising awareness of the hunger of the macaques
UK born pianist, Paul Barton, who now lives in Thailand, has been playing the piano to the monkeys as a way of soothing them from their hunger.
He said, "It's possible that the music can play a part of the rehabilitation process."
The pianist has been playing Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise, and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love to the monkeys - some of which climb on his head as he plays.
Mr Barton said he hoped his concert would raise awareness about the monkeys' hunger during the pandemic, adding, "We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer and will not be aggressive."
Prior to playing music to monkeys, the pianist played the likes of Bach, Schubert, Chopin and Beethoven to elephants at retirement sanctuaries for more than a decade.
How long have the monkeys been in Lopburi?
Phra Prang Sam Yod was constructed in the 13th century in a heavily forested area, and when the city continued to gradually expand around the temple, the monkeys remained.
It's believed that locals didn't mind the presence of the monkeys, as the macaques were believed to be living representatives of the Hindu god, Hanuman, and seen as being symbolic of good luck.
However, their population has continued to grow, with it calculated that, as of the end of September this year, there are over 9,000 macaques in the province of Lopburi.


Crane Procurement, Life Extension, & Impact of Panama Canal Widening
by Erik Soderberg and Catherine Morris
Presented by Erik Soderberg at the TOC Americas 2011 Conference in Panama
This presentation addresses three topics. 1) Container crane procurement—a summary of best practices is presented, including detailed technical specifications, design review, fabrication review, seafastening review, offload plan review, and commissioning review. 2) Extending existing crane life—how can the life of existing cranes be extended by maintaining the reliability of the crane, and through practical modifications? 3) The New Panama Canal—we discuss examples of practical crane modifications to service the larger vessels.


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Fast Track Construction is more than merely building quickly or overlapping each trades' schedule, it is a construction methodology where construction begins before the design is finalized. To some building owners, that may sound reckless and it is not in the least. The key is two-fold, engaging a construction manager in the design phase (aka preconstruction) and secondly, designing the structure in phases. For example, in most cases, a building's foundation design is determined early enough to allow site preparations to begin while the rest of the structural design and aesthetics are still waiting to be finalized.
If you're familiar with the time savings derived from Design-Build over Design-Bid-Build, think of Fast Track Construction as an expedited variation of Design-Build. When using the Design-Bid-Build construction delivery method, the project works like a relay race where the architecture and engineering team completes the entire design, the building owner (or architect) bids out the project and selects a contractor, and finally, the construction team builds the structure based on the complete drawings in phase 1. The Design-Bid-Build method is safe, linear, and slow.
Design-Build integrates the construction team much earlier on in the process and they actively work with the design team to shape the design, budget, and construction schedule to provide more value engineering, fewer surprises, and a better experience for everyone involved. While the Design-Build process can expedite schedules over 30% compared to Design-Bid-Build, the shovel usually doesn't hit the ground until the design is completed and approved by the owner. That's where Fast Track Construction is different.
Fast Track Construction requires a knowledgeable construction manager, a structure that can be designed and built in phases, and a reason the expedite the timeline.
Benefits of Fast Track Construction:
- Reduce Time to Market and Accrue Profits Sooner – a faster schedule means the owner/tenant moves in faster and creates revenue sooner providing a faster ROI (Return On Investment).
- Reduce Impact of Inflation – combat potential increases in materials costs by procuring them sooner.
- Save Overall Costs of Construction – the compressed schedule usually reduces labor costs and stabilizes material costs.
- Lower Financing Risk – because of the aforementioned benefits, Fast Track Construction can reduce the cost and risk of financing these projects. In some cases, Fast Track Construction makes a project viable because of the quicker return on the investment.
Use Cases for Fast Track Construction:
- Multi-story Structures and Multi-building Complexes – Expediting the schedule for Multi-family, Hospitality, & Mixed-Use projects of this size can drastically save the real estate developer or building owner millions of dollars or generate revenue from a project sooner.
- Light Industrial – An ideal use for Fast Track Construction because of the vast amount of site preparations required and steel can be erected in most areas while designs are finalized.
- Disaster Recovery – When disaster strikes, time is of the essence for recovery efforts. Creating housing, healthcare, and public assistance quickly is more important than aesthetics.
- Government Projects – This sector may sound unlikely since many government agencies may be averse to the risks of Fast Track Construction, yet it may make a big impact to alleviate overcrowding in public housing, add hospital beds to combat a pandemic, or open a school before the school year starts.
- Pending Weather Delays – In some climates, you cannot build year-round and aspects of the structure must be completed before snow, ice, or hurricanes are expected to impede or shut down construction.
Drawbacks to Fast Track Construction:
- Requires a Partnership, Not Finger Pointers – the client, design team, and construction team need to work as a single team with one goal otherwise each hiccup can cause a serious time delay. Ideally, the architecture, engineering, and construction teams have worked together already and have a solid cultural fit.
- Good, Frequent Communication is Vital – so many aspects of the project are changing simultaneously, it requires regularly scheduled and ad hoc communication to make quick decisions and to keep everyone on the same page.
- Hard on a Novice Developer – these projects move fast and require an experienced developer/owner that can envision the final product before it is fully designed.
- Harder on the Design Team than Construction – although it is called "Fast Track Construction", the construction team is not necessarily condensing their work schedules as much as the design team is. The architects and engineers have no cushion and always have deadlines looming and can't rework designs ad nauseam like they can with Design-Bid-Build projects.
- Potentially More Work Change Orders – since some decisions are made (and in place) before the final designs are approved, things like moving a wall may need to occur after they were already built. Usually, the cost savings from utilizing the Fast Track Construction process drastically outweigh these costs, work changes are more likely to occur with Fast Track projects than with Design-Build projects.
Not every project needs to utilize the Fast Track Construction delivery method. For many real estate developers and building owners, Fast Track is an attractive option that generates revenue faster. The key is the integration of the design and construction teams. The more those two phases are separated, the longer the project takes.


text:
On the 2nd of May, Generation Science staff led P6/7M in a "Power from the People" interactive workshop. During the workshop, they explored what electricity is and how it is produced.
P6/7M became electric scientists to discover how they could produce electricity from the movement of their bodies. Pupils explored the principles of electricity using circuits, flowing electrons, magnets and capacitors. As a final challenge, the children worked in small groups to assemble their own generator and produce electricity from their own movement. This was a great way to continue our learning about energy and electricity.
Can your children explain what is happening in each photo?


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Los Alamos unplugs supercomputers as wildfires threaten
As a wildfire that has spread to nearly 145 square miles in New Mexico advanced toward the Los Alamos National Laboratory, officials there shut down two of the world's fastest supercomputers, according to reports.
A lab spokeswoman said the facility performed an orderly shutdown of IBM's Roadrunner, the 10th most powerful supercomputer in the world, and Cielo, a Cray system ranked No. 6 on on the Top 500 list of the world's fastest high-performance systems, Computerworld reported.
Shutting down the supercomputers was considered precautionary, as firefighters continue to control the blaze — at least in part by starting fires of their own around Los Alamos.
Crews set part of the perimeter on fire in hopes that it would create a blackened ring around the lab that would prevent the wildfire from advancing to the lab, ABC News reported.
In addition to the supercomputers, Los Alamos — where the first nuclear bomb was created — also contains radioactive material, though officials have expressed confidence that any nuclear material there is secure.
As a precaution, officials are using a plane equipped with radiation monitors to keep an eye out for emissions, the Associated Press reported.
In shutting down its supercomputers, Los Alamos also shut down the research and experiments they were performing. Roadrunner and Cielo are used by the National Nuclear Security Administration for simulating how nuclear materials age, as well as for other uses.
By late morning June 30, the fire had burned nearly 145 square miles, or 92,735 acres, AP reported. That puts it in range of the 2003 Dry Lakes fire in New Mexico's Gila National Forest, which burned more that 94,000 acres.
Connect with the GCN staff on Twitter _USER_.


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BOOKS, GLOBES AND INSTRUMENTS OF THE 16TH CENTURY
An exhibition by the Royal Astronomical Society and the Museum of the History of Science
to mark the 500th anniversary of the birth of Gerard Mercator.
11 May to 9 September 2012
Astronomers may seem always to have been preoccupied with theory but The Renaissance in Astronomy shows that in the 16th century they created and used many finely-crafted and even beautiful objects. Through outstanding examples of astronomical craft, the exhibition – presented here in its online version – sets in a new context the revolutionary proposition of Copernicus that the earth is in motion.
The exhibition marks the 500th anniversary of the birth of cartographer Gerard Mercator, whose world map projection we use to this day. Mercator was famed for his globes and a pair of his splendid terrestrial and celestial globes, lent by Royal Museums Greenwich, is featured in the exhibition. Also on show is Mercator's own annotated copy of Copernicus's ground-breaking book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. Important books from the library of Royal Astronomical Society are also on display, including Peter Apian's stunning Astronomicum Caesareum, along with astronomical instruments from the Museum's collection.
The exhibition is a collaboration between MHS and the Royal Astronomical Society.


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Yield Costing (made simple)
100 - 500 downloadsAdd this app to your listsTweets por _USER_
The user selects or inputs:
1.A currency (i.e. GBP)
2.RAW WASTAGE or COOKING LOSS
3.Ingredient or product name
4.Supplier purchase (cost) price of ingredient or product name
5.Gross weight/measure before preparation or cooking
6.Wastage weight/measure after preparation or cooking
7.Amount of raw or cooked ingredient used in a recipe
The app will calculate true costs associated with these food items, displaying the difference between the original supplier purchase price and the true cost of the food item after preparation or cooking. In this way, accurate prices for ingredients and recipes can be calculated.
For example: the app will calculate the true price of an alcoholic reduction; calculate the true cost of a 60g portion of prepared broccoli; or calculate the financial effect of cooking loss on pork belly when portioning the cooked food by weight.
Multi-functional, this app provides accurate prices in an instant for chefs on the go, featuring US, UK and Metric weights and measures. These are divided into 3 categories: Mass & Weight; Liquid Volume; Dry Volume. Notably, the user can convert between weights and measures within each category. On a very practical level, this app aids in developing sensible pricing strategies for caterers and hospitality professionals.
Company Facebook page: _URL_
Tags: cooking yield, free food yield cost calculator, calculate food cost phone application, for calculating ingredient costs in baking, calculate item cost with yield losses, food preparation yield losses, food cost yield calculator, how to calculate cooking loss yields, food costing (made simple) s, yield costing in food cost loss or gain?.
- Added Weights and Measures: Mass & Weight; Liquid Volume; and Dry Volume
- Updated weights and measures for both UK and US standard
- Automatic weight conversion


text:
The Danish government has taken a range of initiatives to strengthen entrepreneurship education and analyses show that more pupils and students than earlier now receive entrepreneurship teaching and training.
A recent study from the Foundation for Entrepreneurship – Young Enterprise Denmark show that entrepreneurship education and training has a positive impact on motivation for and inclination for starting business. This means that people who have studied entrepreneurship or been trained in entrepreneurship at some point actually start more businesses than people who have not received this kind of education.
The Danish survey also showed that people who are trained are more inclined to start a business, intend to do so and own or run an established company. Entrepreneurship education also has a positive effect on income. All analyses show a positive correlation between entrepreneurship education and income. People who are trained tend to get considerably higher income than people who are not trained.
A longitudinal study by Charney and Libecap showed that entrepreneurship graduates received an average annual income that was 27 percent higher than the average annual income of non-entrepreneurship graduates. In addition, the GEM survey shows that the more people have been trained the higher income they tend to get, and the increase is considerable.
To read the Survey, click on the picture below:


The Challenge Software Program for Children
Challenge Software is an interactive, web-based program for children. It utlizes animated scenarios and games to engage children quickly and teach them the fundamental skills necessary for healthy Self-regulation.
Since it's creation, thousands of professionals, parents and children have benefitted from using the Challenge Software Program.
 "He was talking about it all the way home." Mother
"This is really fun. I like it!" 11-year-old
"The student is really enjoying the program and appears to be generalizing some of the self-monitoring skills in the classroom." School Psychologist
"Students come in and ask if we can go do the program again and again... the students seem to be able to relate to the actors in the scenarios and stay interested in them." School Counselor
For more information about the program visit Challenge Software link.


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How Firework Shells WorkIn FWsim, you can build your own virtual fireworks by combining components.
In order to create your own realistic fireworks, it is helpful to know how real fireworks work.
Pyrotechnicians don't use rockets, but shells. FWsim can simulate both shells and rockets.
Multibreak ShellsMultibreak shells explode multiple times: A part of the shell explodes and releases stars, while another part continues flying upwards. These shells have a cylindrical shape.
Simulation in FWsimFWsim simulates the shells physically accurate. You can select the launch velocity and the size of the shell. Alternatively, you can just select the size of the shell, and FWsim chooses all the parameters automatically.
To create a multibreak shell, simply add several explosions to a shell. For more information, please refer to the Effect Editor Manual.


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Suppose that two persons, A and B, died in a common disaster. B was the child of A and stood to receive some or all of A's property at A's death. Yet B (and, in turn, B's successors) would only be so entitled if B survived A, at least for an instant. How was a court to determine whether B so survived? This article explores the answers in England and America from 1766 to 2006. Commissioned for a book on The Law of Presumptions: Essays in Comparative Legal History, the article examines the history of the presumptions in Anglo-American law that govern survivorship. The article uses treatises, cases, and legislative records to shed new light on the history, and to explore the resistance at common law to any presumption on the matter - a resistance that was only overcome by legislation in the twentieth century.
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Gallanis on Death by Disaster: Anglo-American Presumptions, _PHONE_
Posted by Mary L. Dudziak
Death by Disaster: Anglo-American Presumptions, _PHONE_ has just been posted by Thomas P. Gallanis, University of Iowa. It appears in THE LAW OF PRESUMPTIONS: ESSAYS IN COMPARATIVE LEGAL HISTORY, R.H. Helmholz & W.D.H. Sellar eds. (2009). Here's the abstract:


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HDG Social Performance
The third aspect of sustainable development, social ramifications, is a bit harder to measure. However, there are some inherent positive social impacts for utilizing hot-dip galvanizing. The social aspect of sustainable development is woven within both the environmental and economic impact and is most easily measured by improvements to quality of life and social progress. In addition to characteristics already discussed, such as its maintenance-free durability and longevity, hot-dip galvanizing provides positive social impact in the area of safety. The purpose of utilizing hot-dip galvanizing is to minimize corrosion. Less corrosion of infrastructure, buildings, electricity grids, etc. translates to a healthier, safer world. As North Americas infrastructure continues to age and deteriorates faster than it can be maintained, the likelihood of a potential life-threatening disaster also rises.
Additionally, hot-dip galvanizing can help minimize the damage of natural disasters. Hot-dip galvanizing meets the new, stricter seismic standards, written to make structures more durable in earthquakes. History also shows hot-dip galvanized earth anchors minimize the damage to mobile homes during tornadoes and galvanized transmission and distribution poles maintain service during natural disasters such as hurricanes.
In addition to the many social benefits hot-dip galvanizing attributes to the built environment, the hot-dip galvanizing industry strives to improve our current social, economic, and environmental position. The industry adopted a Sustainable Development Charter in 2005 providing a commitment to responsibly manage all environmental and human health risks keeping employees, citizens, and the community safer. Furthermore, rather than rest confidently in our current position, the industry actively participates in research aimed at improving the sustainability and efficiency of the galvanizing process and hot-dip galvanized products.


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Linked by Intel Researchers (for OSNews) on Wed 12th Mar 2003 23:25 UTC
Processors with Hyper-Threading technology can improve the performance of applications by permitting a single processor to process data as if it were two processors by executing instructions from different threads in parallel rather than serially. However, the potential performance improvement can be only obtained if an application is multithreaded by parallelization techniques. This article presents the multithreaded code generation and optimization techniques developed for the Intel C++/Fortran compiler. We conduct the performance study of two multimedia applications parallelized with OpenMP pragmas and compiled with the Intel compiler on the Hyper-Threading (HT) technology enabled Intel single-processor and multi-processor systems.


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Steel Cost Modelling Notes
The Steel Costing Model
The cost model shown above is prepared only to shown how liquid steel cost can be calculated through a simple cost benchmarking type approach. The predicted total costing shown is not meant to represent an actual cost for any real steel company. It is a notional figure only - albeit one that is built on fairly representative current input costing information.Input Costs
Key input costs are taken from the other pages shown on the steelonthenet.com website or estimated by our economists. Recent iron ore and coal prices can be found on our steelmaking costs page. Readers should note that the cost of carbon credits in Japan is well below that in developed countries. For discussion, see Reuters report. Analysis above was prepared in May 2023.The Steel Product
The steel product for which the cost is shown above is a metric tonne of BOF liquid steel. The cost is for a notional producer - a typical size integrated BOF plant, 3m t/yr, at a Japanese coastal site with its own coke and sinter plant, using imported ore and coal purchased at international prices with third party transport. The blast furnace is assumed to have PCI. The steel plant is assumed to make commodity grade carbon steel for flat products with average labour productivity. To prepare cost benchmarks for different locations or for specific producers please contact us (see below). Steel costs for the electric furnace steelmaking process route (EAF steelmaking) may be found on our EAF steelmaking costs page.The Business Environment
Site visitors are advised that all estimates shown should be adjusted to reflect the particular business environment in which the steel plant operates. Thus, electricity charges may be substantially cheaper than usual because the melt shop is run primarily at night (to benefit from cheaper night time tarrifs). Depreciation costs may be higher or lower depending on the age of the electric furnace and transformer. Labour productivity may also be substantially poorer than shown (especially in State owned plants prior to privatisation) etc.Accounting Methods
Actual costing estimates may also differ because of local accounting policies and practices. The figures above for example assume straight line depreciation over a 20 year asset lifetime. The estimates also assume that 25% of labour cost are fixed - whilst in practice, all costs will be variable over the longer term. The model above endeavours to present the economic data on the basis of standard management accounting practices - users of the model should however be clear that the model is likely to require adaptation for different accounting circumstances.
To estimate the impact of a change in any main input (iron ore, coal, coke, other steel raw materials, energy, or labour) on the total, fixed or variable production costs of any steel product (semi-finished; or flat, long, or pipe and tube finished steel products) made through either main production process route (integrated steel manufacturing or electric arc steelmaking), please email economists for assistance.
For earlier data, see 2022 BOF cost model.
Thinking about business restructuring? Are you perhaps on the road to privatisation? We have a lot of experience in metal business turnaround and would be pleased to assist you. Please contact us for a no-obligation discussion.


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Conventional remote sensing classification algorithms assume that the data in each class can be modelled using a multivariate Gaussian distribution. As this assumption is often not valid in practice, conventional algorithms do not perform well. In this paper, we present an independent component analysis (ICA)-based approach for unsupervised classification of multi/hyperspectral imagery. ICA used for a mixture model estimates the data density in each class and models class distributions with non-Gaussian (suband super-Gaussian) probability density functions, resulting in the ICA mixture model (ICAMM) algorithm. Independent components and the mixing matrix for each class are found using an extended information-maximization algorithm, and the class membership probabilities for each pixel are computed. The pixel is allocated to the class having maximum class membership probability to produce a classification. We apply the ICAMM algorithm for unsupervised classification of images obtained from both multispectral and hyperspectral sensors. Four feature extraction techniques are considered as a preprocessing step to reduce the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data. The results demonstrate that the ICAMM algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional K-means algorithm for land cover classification produced from both multiand hyperspectral remote sensing images.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)


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Yalwal is the site of a former gold mining town of the same name situated 29 km (18 mi) west of Nowra at the confluence of the Dangera and Yarramunmun Creeks which then forms Yalwal Creek which flows into the Shoalhaven River. It is now the site of a City of Shoalhaven managed picnic area and Dangera Dam.
Gold was first discovered in the area by Rev W.B. Clarke in 1852. Successful sluicing operations began in 1870 by J. Sivewright and party but were disrupted by the great flood of 1871. In 1872 open cut mining operations were begun at the Pinnacle when the main reef was discovered. The first shafts were sunk in the Homeward Bound mine in 1872 with payable gold found in 1874. In 1875 the first stamp battery (5 head) was erected. In 1880 a mail receiving station was opened and in 1884 a public school opened, it closed in 1918, reopened in 1924 and finally closed in 1928.


Chyluria, also called chylous urine, is a medical condition involving the presence of chyle in the urine stream, which results in urine appearing milky white. It is a condition that is more prevalent among people of Africa and the Indian subcontinent.
Chyluria appearance is irregular and intermittent. It may last several days, weeks or even months. There are several factors that trigger Chyluria recurrence.
 Chyluria is often caused by filariasis due to the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, a thready nematode which lodges the lymph channels. Another cause is pregnancy or childbirth. Patients claimed that Chyluria occurred after overwork. Mental tension, sadness, annoyance, anger etc. could also produce an attack of Chyluria.Once the lymph channels are blocked, one may open into the kidney hilum or ureter or sometimes into the bladder and chyle can leak into the urinary tract resulting in milky white urine. Blood sometimes mixes with the urine resulting in haemato-chyluria.
Usually the condition is self-limiting and can sometimes lead to complications. If left untreated, chronic chyluria can lead to malnutrition and vitamin deficiency.
 Dr Sahoo's own formulated Ayurvedic medicines, which works within 15days.This medicine also give power to reproductive system and maintain sexual power. BE SURE…. MUST CURE….


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Via this project, the UIA in Mexico City commits itself to reduce its environmental footprint and help to improve community living conditions, also undertaking to make sustainability a factor in all the university's teaching and research.
Archive for Carbon footprint
The Province's Reconciliation with Creation: A Survey of Environmental Activities has shown that many Jesuit works in Australia have already incorporated audits into their environmental program. Others are seeking to do a comprehensive analysis of their carbon footprint in the future.
Many Jesuit and partnered schools have already gone down the path of implementing an audit system for their school communities.
Creighton University is among the more than 70 Jesuit schools, parishes, communities and organizations across the nation committing themselves to an unprecedented campaign to help reduce climate change which disproportionally impacts the poor and vulnerable. As part of the Ignatian PeaceAction, students from Jesuit schools, parishioners from Jesuit churches and Jesuit communities have committed to pray and act on climate change issues with a particular emphasis on mitigating the negative effects of climate change on the poor.
What is conveniently overlooked is the fact that aviation's contribution to global emissions varies from two per cent to five per cent or more, depending on who's counting. Compounding these calculations is the fact that burning fuel at high altitude has nearly three times the climate impact of burning the same fuel at ground level. There is added complexity because the nitrous oxides created are 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide, and the effects from condensation trails (contrails) are difficult to quantify.


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- Postgraduate Researcher
Hilde Koch is a PhD researcher in the iCRAG raw materials research spoke. She graduated in 2016 with BSc and MSc degrees from the University of Tuebingen. For her MSc, she specialised in isotope geochemistry. In 2016, Hilde joined the iCRAG team under the supervision of Prof. Balz Kamber at Trinity College Dublin. Her research focuses on the chemistry of Irish Mississippian bentonite layers and the carboniferous limestones in between. Hilde investigates how they could be used as stratigraphic and tectonic markers relevant for the zinc – lead deposits of Ireland. Her research involves high – precision trace element geochemical methodology, as well as Sr isotopic studies.
Ireland hosts a large number of zinc-lead deposits, of which one is currently exploited at Navan. This mine is Europe's largest zinc producer. The search for additional economic deposits is ongoing. So far, in the Irish ore field there is information missing which could clarify the timing and the position of mineral deposits. Bentonite layers are volcanic ash beds which form widespread deposits. The position of these volcanic layers relative to the zinc – lead deposits of Ireland makes them useful markers, which can be indicative of the presence of zinc-lead deposits. These volcanic layers can show recognizable patterns in diagnostic elements, which characterise the layers and therefore make them distinguishable. Additionally, the chemistry of the ore hosting rock can be used as a secondary marker to test the results from the bentonite layers.
Project title: The chemostratigraphy and petrology of Mississippian volcanogenic clay bands (tuffs) in the Irish Midlands and their relation to potential volcanic centers
There are various volcanogenic clay bands of Mississippian age which occur in the Irish Midlands. Their relative position to the zinc – lead deposits of Ireland makes them extremely important stratigraphic and tectonic markers. The aim of the project is to develop a chemical stratigraphy for the Irish Mississippian bentonite layers and the host carboniferous limestones. With the help of the markers we will be able to clarify stratigraphic correlations and hence the timing of faulting and associated mineralisation.
The first task of the study is to focus on the stratigraphy in and around the Navan ore body. The second component is a regional chemostratigraphic survey of the Irish Midlands. Furthermore, it is proposed that a petrological and geochemical characterisation of the volcanic centres will be undertaken in collaboration with FI Emma Tomlinson.
The research involves major element analysis by ICP-OES, high–precision trace element geochemical methodology using solution ICP-MS as well as Sr isotope measurements. Additionally, a laser ablation ICP-MS method will be developed using the laser as a micromill. Sr isotopes will be measured with a multi-collector mass spectrometer at UCD.
- Postgraduate Researcher
- Earth Resources
- Critical Materials


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The Shy Scarecrow Lesson Plan
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2
About this book
Subject Area: Language Arts
This engaging, rhyming book tells the story of Rags, the Shy Scarecrow, who overcomes his fear of crows. Illustrations by Benrei Huang beautifully capture the emotions felt by the scared scarecrow.
Children will develop language and literacy skills when reading this high-interest story written in rhyming and emergent text.
Read the title of the story to the children. Invite them to predict what the story will be about. Encourage the children to discuss why being a shy scarecrow might be a problem.
The _______ Scarecrow: Using Descriptive Words
- Chart paper
- Drawing paper, pencils, and crayons
- On the top of a sheet of chart paper write The_____ Scarecrow. Engage the children in a brief discussion about the story The Shy Scarecrow. Ask the children to think of other words that could also describe the shy scarecrow. Then ask the children to think of words that describe the scarecrow after he got his new hat. Record their responses on chart paper. Tell the children that words which describe things and give us more information about things are called descriptive words (or adjectives), like shy or brave and tall and small.
- Ask the children to close their eyes and imagine another type of scarecrow. What kind of scarecrow would it be? Invite the children to think of words to describe their scarecrow. Record their "descriptive words" on chart paper. Encourage the children to think of all the types of words that can describe their scarecrow like height, weight, color, emotions, behavior, etc. Review the descriptive word list with the children.
- Explain to the children that they will each choose one or more of the descriptive words from their list and draw a picture of a scarecrow that matches their chosen words. Give the children the suggested art materials.
- Provide the children with additional drawing paper or sentence strip paper to write or dictate information about their scarecrow. Ask the children to use descriptive words to tell about their scarecrow.
- Invite all of the children to share their scarecrow drawings during group time. Encourage the children to work together to think of other words to describe each other's drawings.
- Chart paper and marker
- Explain to the children that you will reread The Shy Scarecrow to identify all the rhyming word sets on each page of the story.
- Write the rhyming word sets on a sheet of chart paper, leaving space in between each set.
- After all of the sets has been identified, review the list with the children. Ask the children to think of other words that rhyme with each word set. Some children may enjoy making up silly words that rhyme. Record the children's rhyming words to expand each word set.
- Review the list periodically to see if the children can think of more rhyming words to add.
- Choose a few rhyming words and invite the children to try to write a short poem.
Other Books About Scarecrows
By Cynthia Rylant
A peaceful and beautifully illustrated story about a scarecrow who appreciates his quiet life and relationship with nature.
The Lonely Scarecrow
By Tim Preston
The story depicts a gentle scarecrow who desires friends, but his frightening face scares everyone away. Not until a winter storm does his luck change when he is transformed into a jolly snowman. Will his luck remain?
The Little Scarecrow Boy
By Margaret Wise Brown
A heartfelt story about the loving relationship of a scarecrow family and the young scarecrow boy who wants to be like his father.
Other Books by Mary Packard
My Messy Room (My First Hello Reader! Series)
Fall Leaves (My First Hello Reader! Series)
I'm a Firefighter (My First Hello Reader! Series)
Teaching Plan written by Risa Young.


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Background A structural magnetic resonance imaging measure of combined neurovascular and neurodegenerative burden may be useful as these features often coexist in older people, stroke and dementia. Aim We aimed to develop a new automated approach for quantifying visible brain injury from small vessel disease and brain atrophy in a single measure, the brain health index. Materials and methods We computed brain health index in N = 288 participants using voxel-based Gaussian mixture model cluster analysis of T1, T2, T2*, and FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. We tested brain health index against a validated total small vessel disease visual score and white matter hyperintensity volumes in two patient groups (minor stroke, N = 157; lupus, N = 51) and against measures of brain atrophy in healthy participants (N = 80) using multiple regression. We evaluated associations with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam Revised in patients and with reaction time in healthy participants. Results The brain health index (standard beta = 0.20-0.59, P <0.05) was significantly and more strongly associated with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam Revised, including at one year follow-up, than white matter hyperintensity volume (standard beta = 0.04-0.08, P > 0.05) and small vessel disease score (standard beta = 0.02-0.27, P > 0.05) alone in both patient groups. Further, the brain health index (standard beta = 0.57-0.59, P <0.05) was more strongly associated with reaction time than measures of brain atrophy alone (standard beta = 0.04-0.13, P > 0.05) in healthy participants. Conclusions The brain health index is a new image analysis approach that may usefully capture combined visible brain damage in large-scale studies of ageing, neurovascular and neurodegenerative disease.
- cerebral small vessel diseases
- computer-assisted image processing
- magnetic resonance imaging


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It wears me out just imagining it! Mental imagery leads to muscle fatigue and diminished performance of isometric exercise
- Additional Document Info
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the aftereffects of self-generated mental imagery of an effortful task on physical self-control endurance and muscle fatigue. Participants performed two isometric handgrip endurance trials (50% of maximum contraction) separated by either an imagery manipulation or a quiet rest period. The imagery group showed greater negative changes in endurance performance from trial 1 to trial 2 (p=.003, d=0.87) and increased muscle activation at baseline (p=.01, d=0.73) and at 25% (p=.03, d=0.61) of the second endurance trial compared to controls. We conclude that imagined performance of an effortful task depletes self-control strength and contributes to muscle fatigue.
has subject area


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2008)|
A blackboard (UK English) or chalkboard (US English) is a reuseable writing surface on which text or drawings are made with sticks of calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate, known, when used for this purpose, as chalk. Blackboards were originally made of smooth, thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone. Modern versions are often green because the color is considered easier on the eyes.
A blackboard can simply be a piece of board painted with matte dark paint (usually black or dark green). A more modern variation consists of a coiled sheet of plastic drawn across two parallel rollers, which can be scrolled to create additional writing space while saving what has been written. The highest grade blackboards are made of a rougher version porcelain enamelled steel (black, green, blue or sometimes other colours). Porcelain is very hard wearing and blackboards made of porcelain usually last 10–20 years in intensive use.
Lecture theatres may contain a number of blackboards in a grid arrangement. The lecturer then moves boards into reach for writing and then move them out of reach, allowing a large amount of material to be shown simultaneously.
The chalk marks can be easily wiped off with a damp cloth, a sponge or a special blackboard eraser consisting of a block of wood covered by a felt pad. However, chalk marks made on some types of wet blackboard can be difficult to remove. Blackboard manufacturers often advise that a new or newly resurfaced blackboard be completely covered using the side of a stick of chalk and then that chalk brushed off as normal to prepare it for use.
Chalk sticks
Sticks of processed "chalk" are produced especially for use with blackboards in white and also in various colours. These are not actually made from chalk rock but from calcium sulfate in its dihydrate form, gypsum.
Advantages and disadvantages
As compared to whiteboards, blackboards have a variety of advantages:
- Chalk requires no special care; whiteboard markers must be capped or else they dry out.
- Chalk is an order of magnitude cheaper than whiteboard markers for a comparable amount of writing.
- It is easier to draw lines of different weights and thicknesses with chalk than with whiteboard markers.
- Chalk has a mild smell, whereas whiteboard markers often have a pungent odor.
- Chalk writing often provides better contrast than whiteboard markers.
On the other hand, chalk produces dust, the amount depending on the quality of chalk used. Some people find this uncomfortable or may be allergic to it, and according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), there are links between chalk dust and allergy and asthma problems. The dust also precludes the use of chalk in areas shared with dust-sensitive equipment such as computers.
The scratching of fingernails on a blackboard, as well as other pointed, especially metal objects against blackboards, produces a sound that is well known for being extremely irritating to most people. Many are averse also to merely the sight or thought of this sort of contact.
Etymology and history
They use black tablets for the children in the schools, and write upon them along the long side, not the broadside, writing with a white material from the left to the right.
The first classroom uses of large blackboards are difficult to date, but they were used for music education and composition in Europe as far back as the sixteenth century.
The term "blackboard" is attested in English from the mid-eighteenth century; the Oxford English Dictionary provides a citation from 1739, to write "with Chalk on a black-Board". The term "chalkboard" was used interchangeably with "blackboard" in the United Kingdom in the early nineteenth century, but by the twentieth century had become primarily restricted to North American English.
The blackboard was introduced into the US education system from Europe in 1801. This occurred at West Point, where George Baron, an English mathematician, used chalk and blackboard in a lecture on September 21. James Pillans has been credited with the invention of coloured chalk (1814): he had a recipe with ground chalk, dyes and porridge.
See also
|Look up blackboard or chalkboard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Blackboards|
- Chalkboard gag from The Simpsons
- Interactive whiteboard
- Sidewalk chalk
- Sound of fingernails scraping chalkboard
- WebMD. "Reading, Writing, and Wheezing? Not Necessarily". Asthma Health Center. WebMD. Retrieved Sept. 19, 2000.
- "Full text of "Alberuni's India. An account of the religion, philosophy, literature, geography, chronology, astronomy, customs, laws and astrology of India about A.D. 1030"".
- Owens, Jessie Ann. Composers at Work: The Craft of Musical Composition, _PHONE_. Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Entry for blackboard, n, in the Oxford English Dictionary (Third ed., 2011)
- Entry for chalkboard, n, in the Oxford English Dictionary (Third ed., 2011)
- Stephen E. Ambrose (1 December 1999). Duty, Honor, Country: A History of West Point. JHU Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8018-6293-9. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
- Jo Swinnerton (30 September 2005). The History of Britain Companion. Anova Books. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-86105-914-7. Retrieved 14 February 2013.


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In this Windows 10 guide, I'll show you how to disable the password prompt when your Windows 10 computer resumes from sleep. There are three ways you can use to accomplish this:
- By using Settings.
- By using a Group Policy.
- By using the Command Prompt.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using Settings
Step 1: Open Settings.
Step 2: Click on Accounts.
Step 3: Click on Sign-in options.
Step 4: Choose Never from Require sign-in drop down menu.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using Group Policy
Step 1: Use Windows key + R to open the run command window.
Step 2: Type in gpedit.msc and press enter to open the local policy editor.
Step 3: Go to the following path:
Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Power Management > Sleep Settings
Step 4: Double click either "Require a password when a computer wakes (on battery)" or "Require a password when a computer wakes (Plugged in)".
Step 5: Choose the Disabled option.
Step 6: Click on Apply.
Step 7: Click OK.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using the Command Prompt
Step 1: Use the windows key + x keyboard shortcut to open the menu. Scroll to Command Prompt (admin) and click it.
Step 2: If you want to disable the sign-in option while your device is running on battery, type in the following command and press Enter:
powercfg /SETDCVALUEINDEX SCHEME_CURRENT SUB_NONE CONSOLELOCK 0
Step 3: If you want to disable the sign-in option while your device is plugged in, type in this command and press Enter:
powercfg /SETACVALUEINDEX SCHEME_CURRENT SUB_NONE CONSOLELOCK 0


We're accustomed to touch screens, which are a part of nearly all mobile devices. Touch screens have been in use for a long time. By the mid-1980s, they were fairly standard on digital control systems (DCS), such as those used for refineries and coal power-generating stations.
Small applications have few inputs to change, so the need for a touch screen and its added complications is much less. Thus, thumb switches are widely used because of their simplicity and ruggedness.
What if your thumb switch controls appear not to work? Fortunately, these are easy to troubleshoot.
The first step in this process is to identify whether you have an octal (base 8), binary coded decimal (also called BCD, and it's base 10), or hexadecimal (base 16) system. If you have thumb switches and don't understand these numbering systems, you need to do a little homework.
Your next step is to determine the position of the switch contact for each switch (e.g., up is open). You don't need to test what every combination of switch positions will render, nor do you have enough time to do so. In our next issue, we'll look at how to efficiently test a thumbwheel unit.


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School of Visual Communication Design
Kent State University
Jessica Barness is an Assistant Professor in the School of Visual Communication Design at Kent State University. Barness' creative work is in both print and screen design, exploring how language and behavior are reshaped in interactive contexts. Her current research interests include visual translation, glitches, aesthetics and rhetoric in graphic design.
A (Dis)Connected Twenty-Six is a digital interface that transforms a user's typed word into an array of audio-visual 'ingredients' for screen-based collage. Situated at the intersection of design, interactive artwork and writing, this interface is a stage for a performance of translation, transforming letters of the alphabet into a curated collection of images and sound. Morse code – with its ability to be read, seen, heard and spoken – is used here in a modular way to form the project's foundation.
The user begins by entering a word of their choice, which prompts a display of stylized Morse code on screen. When rolled over, the Morse code dashes and dots launch images and sound, and can be dragged and positioned anywhere on the stage. Clicking on a button within each Morse code letter translates the media one final time back to typographic letterforms. Images layer visually according to the syntax of the user's word. The user experience is both indeterminate and determinate: modular elements may be continually rearranged on screen, or a configuration captured at any time by printing the collage.
The project presents an opportunity for user-‐oriented performance that is also social; the making of each collage is an imaginative act of discovery, and is visible to others during its creation. It references the past (Morse code) as a way to examine possibilities of the future (interactive 'writing'). By literally using language and code, it offers a glimpse at the ways writing and audio-visual activity can come together in an unusual production of media-rich artifacts.


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Support the development of mathematical skills with the eye-catching number line.
The Simply Stylish Printable Number Line 0–120 Bulletin Board Set reinforces critical counting and number recognition skills. Featuring classic patterns, wood elements, and succulent designs, this collection helps create an environment where students love to learn and grow.The Schoolgirl Style™ line of contemporary classroom accessories takes the guesswork out of styling, managing, and perfecting classroom design. Each collection, designed by Melanie Ralbusky, offers a signature look that transforms empty spaces into extraordinary environments for students to enjoy.
You may print and photocopy this resource for use in a single classroom only.
- Reproducible Rights


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Researchers at Florida's Institute for Human and Machine Cognition just taught Atlas android, one of the most advanced and expensive robots today, how to do housework.
It cleans and picks up garbage for you, but developers say it's not quite there yet - meaning, they can't really tell how safe it is and how the robot would actually work in a home environment. How would it react to items around him - would he (albeit accidentally) bump into them or smash them? A roboticist also said the robot is still a little too slow and its batteries all but long-lasting. So, at the moment, they are focusing more on testing the robot to see what it can do and how it can be further improved.


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The following is a short list of things to check when you have a problem.
- Did you call mongoc_init() in main()? If not, you will likely see a segfault.
- Have you leaked any clients or cursors as can be found with mongoc-stat ?
- Have packets been delivered to the server? See egress bytes from mongoc-stat .
- Does ASAN show any leaks? Ensure you call mongoc_cleanup() at the end of your process to cleanup lingering allocations from the MongoDB C driver.
- If compiling your own copy of MongoDB C Driver, consider using the cmake option -DENABLE_TRACING=ON to enable function tracing and hex dumps of network packets to STDERR and STDOUT.
The MongoDB C Driver comes with an optional and unique feature to help developers and sysadmins troubleshoot problems in production. Performance counters are available for each process using the C Driver. If available, the counters can be accessed outside of the application process via a shared memory segment. The counters may be used graph statistics about your application process easily from tools like Munin or Nagios. For example, the command watch --interval=0.5 -d mongoc-stat $PID may be used to monitor an application.
Performance counters are only available on Linux platforms and macOS arm64 platforms that support shared memory segments. On supported platforms, they are enabled by default. Applications can be built without the counters by specifying the cmake option -DENABLE_SHM_COUNTERS=OFF. Additionally, if performance counters are already compiled, they can be disabled at runtime by specifying the environment variable MONGOC_DISABLE_SHM.
Performance counters keep track of the following:
- Active and Disposed Cursors
- Active and Disposed Clients, Client Pools, and Socket Streams.
- Number of operations sent and received, by type.
- Bytes transferred and received.
- Authentication successes and failures.
- Number of wire protocol errors.
An operation is considered "sent" when one or more bytes of the corresponding message is written to the stream, regardless of whether the entire message is successfully written or if the operation ultimately succeeds or fails. This does not include bytes that may be written during the stream connection process, such as TLS handshake messages.
To access counters for a given process, simply provide the process id to the mongoc-stat program installed with the MongoDB C Driver.
$ mongoc-stat 22203 Operations : Egress Total : The number of sent operations. : 13247 Operations : Ingress Total : The number of received operations. : 13246 Operations : Egress Queries : The number of sent Query operations. : 13247 Operations : Ingress Queries : The number of received Query operations. : 0 Operations : Egress GetMore : The number of sent GetMore operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress GetMore : The number of received GetMore operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Insert : The number of sent Insert operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Insert : The number of received Insert operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Delete : The number of sent Delete operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Delete : The number of received Delete operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Update : The number of sent Update operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Update : The number of received Update operations. : 0 Operations : Egress KillCursors : The number of sent KillCursors operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress KillCursors : The number of received KillCursors operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Msg : The number of sent Msg operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Msg : The number of received Msg operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Reply : The number of sent Reply operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Reply : The number of received Reply operations. : 13246 Cursors : Active : The number of active cursors. : 1 Cursors : Disposed : The number of disposed cursors. : 13246 Clients : Active : The number of active clients. : 1 Clients : Disposed : The number of disposed clients. : 0 Streams : Active : The number of active streams. : 1 Streams : Disposed : The number of disposed streams. : 0 Streams : Egress Bytes : The number of bytes sent. : 794931 Streams : Ingress Bytes : The number of bytes received. : 589694 Streams : N Socket Timeouts : The number of socket timeouts. : 0 Client Pools : Active : The number of active client pools. : 1 Client Pools : Disposed : The number of disposed client pools. : 0 Protocol : Ingress Errors : The number of protocol errors on ingress. : 0 Auth : Failures : The number of failed authentication requests. : 0 Auth : Success : The number of successful authentication requests. : 0
Submitting a Bug Report
Think you've found a bug? Want to see a new feature in the MongoDB C driver? Please open a case in our issue management tool, JIRA:
- Create an account and login.
- Navigate to the CDRIVER project.
- Click Create Issue - Please provide as much information as possible about the issue type and how to reproduce it.
Bug reports in JIRA for all driver projects (i.e. CDRIVER, CSHARP, JAVA) and the Core Server (i.e. SERVER) project are public.
2017-present, MongoDB, Inc


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Tobacco use dates back over 1300 yrs
Washington, Jan 12 (ANI): Nicotine traces have been discovered in a 1,300-year-old Mayan flask decorated with hieroglyphics that apparently point to the intended contents, researchers say.
A scientist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an anthropologist from the University at Albany teamed up to use ultra-modern chemical analysis technology at Rensselaer to analyze ancient Mayan pottery for proof of tobacco use in the ancient culture.
Dmitri Zagorevski, director of the Proteomics Core in the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) at Rensselaer, and Jennifer Loughmiller-Newman, a doctoral candidate at the University at Albany, have discovered the first physical evidence of tobacco in a Mayan container.
The interior of the vessel had not been cleaned, leaving the interior unmodified and the residue protected from contamination.
The approximately two-and-a-half-inch wide and high clay vessel bears Mayan hieroglyphics, reading "the home of his/her tobacco."
The vessel, part of the large Kislak Collection housed at the Library of Congress, was made around 700 A.D. in the region of the Mirador Basin, in Southern Campeche, Mexico, during the Classic Mayan period.
Tobacco use has long been associated with the Mayans, thanks to previously deciphered hieroglyphics and illustrations showing smoking gods and people, but physical evidence of the activity is exceptionally limited, according to the researchers.
Zagorevski used the technology within CBIS at Rensselaer, usually reserved to study modern diseases and proteins, to analyze the contents of the vessel for the chemical fingerprint of tobacco.
The technology included gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS).
Both are analytical chemistry techniques that combine the physical separation capabilities of gas or liquid chromatography with the analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. The latter is used to determine molecular weights of compounds, their elemental composition, and structural characteristics.
Zagorevski and Loughmiller-Newman's analysis of the vessel found nicotine, an important component of tobacco in residues scraped from the container.
Both techniques confirmed the presence of nicotine. In addition, three oxidation products of nicotine were also discovered. Nicotine oxidation occurs naturally as the nicotine in tobacco is exposed to air and bacteria.
None of the nicotine byproducts associated with the smoking of tobacco were found in the vessel, indicating that the vessel housed unsmoked tobacco leaves (possibly powered tobacco) and was not used as an ashtray.
No other evidence of nicotine has been found, at this time, in any of the other vessels in the collection.
The study will be published in journal Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. (ANI)
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