text:
Plant and birth place of Vaishnava saint Andal (woman)
'Basil'. Variety of plant in the mint family, native to warm regions. Its aromatic leaves have inherent healing qualities and are also often used as seasoning. Considered extremely holy and auspicious in Hinduism, so much so that most traditional Hindu homes reserve a special place for a shrub just outside their houses. Used as a fragrant offering to God. Wood of the plant is also used in the making of beads for rosaries and kanthis.
or TULSI SAHIB (_PHONE_)—Shama Rao Peshwa, the elder brother of Baji Rao Peshwa. Renouncing all worldly ambitions for spiritual enlightemnent, he settled at Hathras as Tulsi Sahib: author of Ghat Ramayana, the inner version of the great epic; passed his spiritual mantle on to Soami Ji Maharaj of Agra who greatly venerated his mentor from quite an early age when he came under his influence.
(a.k.a. Tulasi) the sweet basil plant, sacred to Hindus
The Tulsi (also known as Tulasi) plant or Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) is an important symbol in many Hindu religious traditions. The name "tulsi" means "the incomparable one". Tulsi is a venerated plant and devotees worship it in the morning and evening.


text:
One method for verification of correctness is to compare algorithm implementations to STL sort for assurance of equivalent results, but that assumes STL sort is correct. To not rely on correctness of STL sort requires implementing a correctness test for sorting algorithms. Correctness requires that array[i] ≤ array[i+1] for all elements of the array, which is simple to check. Of course, comparison to results from STL sort would be a useful redundant verification. These two tests were used for all implemented routines, including Intel's IPP library routines. Boundary cases of the input arrays of size 0 and 1 were also tested.
The performance comparison setup was as follows:
- Visual Studio 2008, optimization project setting is set to optimize neither speed or size, and inline any suitable function.
- Intel Core 2 Duo CPU E8400 at 3 GHz (64 Kbytes L1 and 6 Mbytes L2 cache).
- 14-stage pipeline with 1,333 MHz front-side bus.
- 2 GB of system memory (dual-channel 64-bits per channel, 800 MHz DDR2).
- motherboard is DQ35JOE.
Random numbers were generated by using the following method for each element in the array:
// each call to rand() produces 15-bit random number. unsigned long tmp = ((unsigned long)rand()) << 30 | ((unsigned long)rand())<< 15 | ((unsigned long)rand());
The arrays were all checked for percentage of unique values, which were all above 95% for arrays filled with 32-bit unsigned values. The range of min and max were also checked for each array, which were between 0 and near the max value for 32-bit unsigned numbers.
Performance was measured by always processing 100 million elements. When 10 element arrays were being measured, then 10 million of them were allocated. When 100 element arrays were being measured, then 1 million of them were allocated, and so on. A different random-number generator seed was used for each array, but the same seeds were used across all algorithms. Time-stamp was taken before sorting the 10 million arrays and also after. The average value across all arrays is the value reported.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


An escape attempt can be made for each throw in the chain.
If the chain is escaped, the remaining throws in the chain are not performed.
Typically, the throws at the start of the chain do very little damage, while
those throws towards the end of the chain are very strong. If all the throws
in a throw link are successful they can easily deplete half of a characters
health. Despite their amazing power they have many escape points making it
unlikely for someone who is actively trying to escape to suffer the entire
throw chain. Note that it takes considerable practice and memorization to
learn the variations of many linking throws. These variations are essential
to using throw links effectively. If you only know a single variation for a
throw, it becomes very likely it will be escaped if the player has fought you
before. Unlike standard throws, if you escape a throw chain neither of you
will have the advantage.
-Running Throws are usually performed like standard throws, except they are
performed while you are running. They usually do more damage than standard
throws. Only a handful of characters possess running throws. Those
characters who attempt to throw during a run and dont possess these throw
types will use a standard throw instead.
-Tackle Throws come in 2 phases. First is the actual tackle which hits
medium. Almost all characters can tackle while running, but many also have
stand alone tackles. Almost, if not all tackles are escaped by pressing
right punch. The tackle itself does very little damage, it is the
second phase of a tackle that causes the majority of damage. Most characters
have the 5 hit mounted punch attack. The mounted punches have an escape
point before the first punch and before the fourth punch. Mounted punches
also have 2 variations creating a guessing game for both escape points. The
punch series can start with either a left or right punch and are escaped by
pressing the opposing punch. If for example the tackle starts with a right
punch, it is escaped with a left punch. The fourth punch can be changed up
to be either a left or right punch and are escaped in the same manner they
are during the first escape point. Some characters can perform throws or
linking throws during a tackle. In most cases these throws can be performed
after the third punch in the mounted punch sequence. It could be hasty to
say so, but in my experience most throws during a tackle are escaped with
left punch+right punch. So while tackles hit medium and almost if not all
characters can use them, they can have up to 3 escape points severely
limiting the amount of damage you can hope to achieve with them. Tackles
also have a point in which they can be reversed. A just input of
left punch+right punch just before your characters back hits the ground will
reverse the tackle leaving you on top. Marduk is an exception to this
however. His tackle can be escaped, but not reversed. Furthermore if
Marduk's tackle connects you will only have one opportunity to escape
his next attack. The escape method for his attacks is the same as
it is for characters using mounted punches. If he initiates the attack with
his left arm, escape with right punch. Marduk has some mounted attacks that
use both arms, to escape these attacks you must either press nothing or if
you prefer you can press left punch+right punch.
-Tossing Throws are best employed near a wall. This allows you to tack on
additional damage by entering a wall game. Tossing throws not only have the
initial escape chance, but some can have their damage reduced with a well
timed ukemi/tech roll. Some tossing throws allow you to juggle your opponent
instead of letting them hit the ground for the full throw damage. The proper
juggle will almost always yield more damage than letting the throw finish.
-Wall Throws are new to Tekkken 6. To my knowledge, only Lili and Marduk
and King have wall throws. Wall throws can only be used on opponents who are
wall stunned. There damage is on par with back throws. Also like back
throws, wall throws cannot be escaped.
Tracking: Tracking refers to how well an attack will succeed against evasion.
Tracking is a property of attacks. Some attacks have very good
tracking while others have very poor tracking. Some attacks only track well
to the left or right making side-stepping in the other direction a viable
form of evasion. For characters or players who rely heavily on side-stepping
for defense, understanding each attacks tracking is essential.
Ukemi/Tech Roll: Tech rolls or Ukemi is a defensive maneuver used when you
are knocked down. It is a form of rapid recovery from knock-down. Press
either punch when you contact the ground to quickly roll and recover to your
characters left. Press either kick when you contact the ground to quickly
roll and recover to your characters right. Pressing forward will spring
your character up the moment he touches the ground. Most of the time a
rolling ukemi will be your best option when knocked down, but they arent
completely safe depending on the recovery of the move used to knock you down.
Ukemi's can only be used when you make contact with the ground with your
back first, though there are a few exceptions to this such as Paul's
Thrasher. In addition, many attacks that violently smash you into the ground
dont allow for the use of ukemi. You can't use ukemi during bounces either.
Despite its limitations, this is still a great defensive tactic and one you
should use at almost every opportunity. As mentioned under throws, certain
throws such as King's Giant Swing can be tech rolled out of to negate some
of the throws damage.
Unblockable: All characters have at least 1 unblockable attack. The most
obvious difference of unblockable attacks is that they can not be guarded
against. These attack simply ignore guard. Most unblockable attacks have
a very long wind-up time that is often accompanied by colorful electricity or
swirls. Unblockable attacks also tend to be extremely powerful. Some are so
powerful in fact, that it would only take 2 of them to kill a character at
full health. Unblockable attacks have unrivaled priority. During the frames
in which an unblockable attack can connect, no normal attack can hope to
strike by advantage of priority. Unblockable recovery is average to slow,
but in no way as terrible as their wind-up. Most unblockable attacks hit
medium and have good range. Despite having so many strengths, their wind-up
is in most cases more than enough to make up for all of these strengths and
then some. Unblockable's with even an average wind-up are practical to use
in more situations. Those with the terribly long wind-ups must be used
carefully and in conjunction with their cancel commands to achieve any
success that isnt derived from pure luck.
Wake-up Game: Wake-up games dont vary much from character to character, but
remain a good source of damage if your wake-up game is good. Your wake-up
game is essentially your skill at dealing as much damage as possible before
your opponent is able to stand back up after being knocked down. In its
purest form the wake-up game is no different than fighting a standing
opponent in a typical Tekken match. It is just far less complex because
your opponents options while on the ground are severely limited and at the
same time your options for striking them is more limited. High attacks are
useless in a wake-up game, so you must omit all of those moves as options.
The wake-up game will be explained in greater detail in the basic combat
section of this guide.
Wall Break: Wall Breaks are similar to ground breaks. After smashing an
opponent into a wall with a powerful attack it will be completely destroyed
revealing an additional portion of the stage. More importantly are your
options available against an opponent who has just been used to destroy the
wall. The victim in this situation will be in a very rare and unique state.
They will be in a complete state of wall stun, but there will no longer be a
wall behind them. So the attacker must switch to a type of combo or juggle
instead of going into their wall game options. It is likely that characters
who excel at juggles will do more damage where those who excel at wall
punishment will do less damage. Because wall breaks are so new to Tekken new
methods of dealing optimal damage in this rare situation are still being
discovered/created. It seems unusual to me, but so far Ive only found a
single stage with a breakable wall. That stage is the Temple Grounds. I
suspect there are other stages with breakable walls and Id appreciate emails
that have verified other stages with breakable walls.
Wall Game: Unlike the wake-up game, wall game doesnt refer to a smaller less
complex game within Tekken, but rather it refers to how well a character can
utilize the walls in a stage. For example, Anna has an excellent wall game
where as Asuka has


text:
Sent in by:
Brooke of Alberta, Canada and Nirav of Pleasanton, CA
Play it again, Sam.
- 3 glasses of each of 3 different sizes and shapes (9 glasses total)
- 4 glasses of the same size and shape
- different liquids like vinegar, water, milk, tomato juice, maple syrup, oil or apple juice
- Check with a grown-up before you begin.
- In the ZOOMsci, Glass Xylophone, and in the online gizmo, Tunes & Spoons, you can experiment with the different sounds made by glasses holding different amounts of the same liquid.
- Now's your chance to experiment with other variables like the kind of liquid in the glass or the size and shape of the glass itself.
- First, find out if different kinds of liquids change the sound made by tapping the glass with a spoon.
- Pour the same amounts of different kinds of liquids into the same kind of glass. Try liquids that are thick and gooey like maple syrup as well as liquids that are runny like water.
- Tap the same spot on each glass. Do the different liquids produce different sounds? How are the sounds different?
- Touch the glass after you tap it with the spoon. Do the vibrations from each glass feel different? What is it about each liquid that might change the sound the glass makes?
- Next, find out if the shape or size of the glass makes a difference in the sound made by tapping the glass with a spoon.
- Pour the same amount of the same liquid into three glasses of different sizes and shapes. Tap each glass with the spoon. Does it make a different sound than the other glasses? How are the sounds different?
- Touch the glass after you tap it with the spoon. Do the vibrations from each glass feel different? What is it about the shape and size of the glass that changes the sound?
Ready for the science scoop? When an object vibrates, it sends a disturbance through the air in the form of waves. These are called sound waves. It's like when you drop a pebble into water and the waves ripple out in all directions. Sound waves in the air are sort of like waves in the water in the way that they move farther and farther out from the center where the disturbance was created.
When you tap a glass filled with liquid, the liquid slows down the vibrations or sound waves. Different liquids slow down the sound waves by different amounts. The differences in the sounds you hear are called pitch. The pitch of a sound depends on how fast the object making the sound vibrates (how fast the sound waves move away from the object.) A glass that vibrates slowly produces slow sound waves and a low pitch sound. A glass that produces a high pitch vibrates quickly, making sound waves move fast.
See how many different pitches you can make using glasses and liquids. Can you play a song with them? Give it a try and send your results to ZOOM!
Shayla, age 10 wrote:
It made high sounds
Tre, age 14 of Jefferson City, MO wrote:
The glasses made different sounds no matter what the variable was. If the liquids were different, but the glasses were the same, it was different. If the liquids were the same, but the glasses were different, it was still different. When everything was different, it was completely different.
We used glass containers and glass cups and they were all different sizes. We used oil, vinegar, and water. The oil was the thickest and the vinegar was the thinnest. The water was in between. We tried to use all three liquids in three different glasses and put the sounds in order. It sounded like a messed up xylophone. When we put the same liquids in three different glasses then the sounds were different. We did different liquids in the same type of glass. They all made different sounds. The oil made the lowest sound and the vinegar mad the highest sound. The water was in between. It was fun!
Nicki, age 11 of Jefferson City, MO wrote:
It made different sounds depending on the glasses we used. We used vinegar, water, and used vegetable oil. The vinegar was the highest because it was the thinest, the water was in the middle and the used vegetable oil made the lowest sound. The glasses we used were 3 tiny wine glasses, 3 glass tostitos salsa containers, and 3 regular glass cups.
Roslyn, age 13 of Jefferson City, MO wrote:
Well when we did it, we could almost play a song from a commercial. It was really fun. Even though our xylophone wasn't all the way in order, it was good enough.
Clara, age 11 of Bexley, OH wrote:
I just used water but at different levels and it made sounds that were higher when I had less water in them and sounds that were lower when I had more water in them. Also, I had a tall and a short glass and they were both filled up to the top and I tapped them and the taller one made a lower sound and the shorter one made a higher sound.
Nicole, age 13 of NY wrote:
I used water, syrup, and water as my liquids. I poured them in the same type of glass and they all sound the same.
Madeline, age 12 of Davison, MI wrote:
That the glass that had the most water was the lowest sound and the least water was the higher sound.
Marylin of Las Cruces, NM wrote:
It made these crazy sounds all over the place.
Ellie, age 11 of Colorado Springs wrote:
It was neat it made all different types of sounds!!!
Lily, age 11 wrote:
It was really cool because it sounded great! My little sis said that I should become a musician when I grow up.
Ethan, age 4 of Villa Park, IL wrote:
It was fun. I used milk, vinegar, water, and cherry juice. They made different sounds.
Mallory, age 10 wrote:
I tried the glass xylaphone part 2 and found out that when you wet your finger and go around the top of the glass it makes a squeaky noise but I aldo found out that it doesnt work on plastic glasses.
Amelia, age 5 of Centennial, CO wrote:
We tried using a wine glass with some water and some ice in it to make a sound when you rub your finger around the rim. It didn't make a sound.
Alyana, age 9 of Manchester, CT wrote:
I tried it when I was on Spring break it was very messy, but fun. I tried it with the same amount of diffent liquids and they didn't sound diffent and I thougt it was cool. Then I tried it with diffent amount of liquids. IT WAS FUN!!! TRY IT!!!
Briseida, age 11 of Houston, TX wrote:
When I performed the experiment, different sounds came from each of the glasses. Also, different kinds of liquids make different kinds of sounds.


text:
For the production of glued and fanapart bond sets
When there is a requirement to glue a two part set of bond paper, the Inercote and Superflex process is not applicable. This is due to there being no middle sheet onto which Inercote can be applied. This is why we have developed the Howrex system.
Before collation, either the top sheet or the bottom sheet of the set should be fanned out on the bench into steps of 1/8th inch, and Howrex release agent applied to either the top side of the first sheet or the bottom side of the last sheet. The Howrex release agent effectively repels the subsequent adhesive to allow separation to take place. Howrex adhesive is then applied to the collated sheets. Once dry the pad will fanapart into two part glued sets.
The Howrex system has numerous applications with difficult or unusual collations e.g. CB, CFB etc. or sets of action paper. Howrex release agent is available in aerosol spray, paste and grease to be applied by hand or dry offset.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Recycling Is As Easy As Washing Your Hands [Video]
Excitement is building for the Summit Bechtel Reserve, and with lots of hype about whitewater rafting, zip line canopy tours, biking trails and hiking trails, who wouldn't be?
(And to check out the latest craze in water sports, share this with your friends.)
While the Summit is most known for its action-packed activities, there are plenty of other projects on-site that make it unique.
Summit Bathhouse
The new bathhouse designs are going to be high-tech, recycling centers. (Summit Blog Staff Photos)
Example: How about the showerhouses?
Trinity Works, developer of the Summit, is currently constructing a series of permanent showerhouses (3 are already complete) that will make rinsing off a green experience.
For starters, the showerhouses are made entirely of locally cut and milled hemlock, which means when a tree is cut to make room for construction there is an excellent chance it ends up as a structure just down the road.
The Summit Now Has White, Gray And Black Water
We've heard a lot about the awesome whitewater activities near the Summit, but there are other types of water we're keeping our eye on, too.
The showerhouses will use a graywater recycling system that captures and treats used sink water and then recycles it to flush toilets and urinals.
Here's how the process works:
 1. You use the sink while washing your hands.
 2. The sink water then enters the graywater system where it is treated by a series of filters and UV rays.
 3. The graywater is then separated from the blackwater (we'll talk more about this step in a second).
 4. The graywater is then recycled into the toilet and urinal flush system.
Still with us? Good.
Now we know the graywater gets recycled, but what happens to that so-called blackwater we mentioned? In fact, what is blackwater?
Basically, it's just a nice name for sewage, and it would usually go to a sewage treatment plant where large amounts of energy are required to make it safe for disposal. But don't worry, the Summit has managed to find an alternative to this, too.
Here's how we're using blackwater to enhance the environment:
 1. Blackwater is drained into a lagoon where it can naturally filter itself.
 2. It is then sent into a drip-irrigation system which lines nearby forest floors.
 3. The irrigation system slowly releases the filtered blackwater into the ground which adds nutrients to the soil.
 4. There is plenty of fertile land for vegetation to flourish in the future.
Alison Schapker, the director for sustainability at Trinity Works, said the best thing about the graywater system is that none of the waste is being put into the local municipal system.
"The best filter isn't a chemical filter or any other high tech filters," said Schapker. "It's soil."
So How Much Water Are We Saving?
Sink Drain
All sink water will be treated by a graywater system. (Photo by vagawi/Flickr Creative Commons)
Did we mention there will be 116 neighborhoods at the Summit that you and thousands of your friends will be inhabiting for 10 days? That means a grand total of 2.32 million gallons of recycled water at the jamboree.
You would have to leave your average garden hose running for almost an entire year to come up with that much water.
"It's saving about 2,000 gallons per day per neighborhood," said Pete Munoz, senior engineer for Natural Systems International.
With the installation of these innovative facilities, the Summit plans to demonstrate the importance of conserving and caring for the land that gives us the ability to take part in the adventures that make Scouting special.
So who's ready to wash your hands with pride at the 2013 National Scout Jamboree?


Monitor whether outside doors and windows are closed during cold weather
5 Detective KS1, KS2
Activity summary
Getting the temperature right in the classroom is important; too hot and everyone falls asleep and doesn't learn, too cold and we shiver, and must put extra jumpers on. Sometimes teachers open windows or doors when the classroom gets too warm and stuffy during the winter months. Instead we should try to turn down the heating to reduce energy use and save the school money. Opening windows or doors means we are letting all the heat out of the building, and wasting money.
Pupils can complete this activity to identify where heat is being wasted in school. Are thermostats and radiators turned too high?
View all activities


General Information
History of The Court
Monterey County Courthouse Completed 1878
The military and social capital of Alta California during Spanish and Mexican rule, the town of Monterey naturally became the county seat when the 27 original counties were formed in, 1850. But when it was learned that the railroad was to go through the valley and not along the coast, the government center was moved to Salinas. After the house used as a courthouse burned, this much larger brick Victorian building was commissioned. The courthouse remained in use while the current one was being constructed around it, and then was demolished. Today a courtyard, lily pond, and commemorative sculpture occupy the site.
Tour historic courthouses for all 58 California counties at


text:
Read and study the AC Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice and the ethical code that is most relevant for your career and the ethical code for your certification or license. List the codes chosen and cite how they are relevant to your career choice.
- Give overview of AC Code of Ethics for group counseling.
- Discuss the ethical implications of group counseling.
- Discuss the rights of group members.
- Discuss the psychological risks of groups.
- Discuss the group leader's values.
Cite your sources using SPA style and include references at the end.


text:
The Association of Health Insurance with Use of Prescription Contraceptives
CONTEXT: Given that substantial proportions of women of reproductive age lack health insurance coverage, it is important to assess whether lack of insurance is associated with the use of prescription contraceptives, which are the most expensive but also the most effective methods for preventing pregnancy.
METHODS: Data from 26,674 females aged 18–44 who participated in the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (representing more than 25 million women in the U.S. population) were used to assess risk of unintended pregnancy, prescription contraceptive use and health insurance status. Logistic regression models tested the likelihood of prescription contraceptive use among insured versus uninsured respondents after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and self-reported overall health.
RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion of insured women than of uninsured women reported use of prescription contraceptives (54% vs. 45%). In multiple regression analysis, women lacking health insurance were 30% less likely to report using prescription contraceptive methods than were women with private or public health insurance. Results were similar across racial, age and income subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of health insurance is associated with reduced use of prescription contraceptives. Universal insurance coverage is needed to ensure access to the most effective contraceptive methods for all women in need.
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2007, 39(4):226–230


Everything is working except for hello.php.
In the load function I try to obtain the length of the file passed to it as shown, but when hello.php is interpreted and the load function is called, it returns a length of zero for the generated file and thus a 500 Internal Server error when the content is read in the interpret function.
 // get file size
 int fileref = fileno(file);
 struct stat st;
 fstat(fileref, &st);
 *length = st.st_size;
 //make space for file content
 *content = malloc(sizeof(BYTE) * *length);
 //reading file into content
 fread(*content, sizeof(BYTE), *length, file);
 if (*content!= NULL)
 return true;
 return false;
This seems particularly strange because when I check the file that gets passed into it via the interpret function by printing its characters, I see the following:
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.9-1ubuntu4.14
Content-type: text/html
 hello, Bob
How could this return a length of zero?
That was my initial approach too. Sweet! Or so I thought.....See the section on "interpret" (around page 8) of the instructions.
Odds are you're unfamiliar with popen. That function opens a "pipe" to a process (php-cgi in our case), which provides us with a FILE pointer via which we can read that process's standard output (as though it were an actual file).
You cannot use fstat on a pipe (or ftell, fseek etc). It always returns 0. To be more specific, I spent a couple of hours with Mr. Google and couldn't find any way to do it. This post is an interesting discussion on the topic. (And this post too!)
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged.


text:
PG CERTIFICATE IN GEOINFORMATICS
About This Programme:
The School of Sciences has developed the Post Graduate Certificate Programme in Geoinformatics (PGCGI) with the help of several eminent experts across India drawn from ISRO, DRDO, IIT, C-DAC, DST, IITM and many private and government universities. The PGCGI programme intends to familiarise the learners with basic concepts of geoinformatics and its applications. It is built around concepts and skills at the basic level to make it easy for a learner who wishes to understand how geoinformatics can be put to practical use.
Objectives of the programme are to:
- provide theoretical knowledge and practical exercises in the basics of geoinformation science,
- acquaint the learners with spatial data, their analysis and applications, and
- widen opportunities of learners for higher studies and developing career in different sectors of employment involving geoinformatics.
Graduate in any discipline from a recognised university.
Rs.6000/- for full programme
Minimum 2 years and Maximum 5 years; offered in both January and July cycle of admission.
Medium of Instruction:
- MGY 1 – Introduction to Geoinformatics
- MGY 2 – Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation
- MGY 3 – Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System
- MGYL 4 – Geoinformatics Practical


text:
Date of this Version
This paper analyses customer satisfaction with services of the Sokoine National Agricultural Library (SNAL) using a mixed method approach. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaire and interviews, which were supplemented by document analysis. A total of 72 respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Data were analysed descriptively and were presented in tables, pie charts and percentages. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory with Four-Level Zone of Tolerance (ZoT) developed by Oliver (1980) guided data analysis in this study.
Findings indicate that leaning materials and services provided by SNAL are relatively sufficient due to satisfaction level of majority of customers being over 50%. This shows that the library has relevant learning materials which mostly meet users' satisfaction. However, some respondents showed dissatisfaction with challenges they faced in accessing library resources due to: poor arrangement of books in shelves that made users to spend a lot of time in searching materials, lack of adequate security in the Library that made some users' properties in their bags temporarily kept in the library being stolen and lack of good customer care practices from some library staff.
The study recommends the factors prompting users' dissatisfaction be addressed so as to regain customers' satisfaction and loyalty to the library.


Finite solvable-extensible implies class-preserving
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This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of an implication relation between two subgroup properties. That is, it states that every subgroup satisfying the first subgroup property (i.e., Hall-extensible automorphism) must also satisfy the second subgroup property (i.e., class-preserving automorphism)
Get more facts about Hall-extensible automorphism|Get more facts about class-preserving automorphism
Any finite solvable-extensible automorphism of a finite solvable group is a class-preserving automorphism.
Definitions used
Finite solvable-extensible automorphism
Further information: Finite solvable-extensible automorphism
An automorphism \sigma of a finite solvable group G is termed finite solvable-extensible if, for any finite solvable group H containing G, there is an automorphism \sigma' of H whose restriction to G equals \sigma.
Class-preserving automorphism
Further information: Class-preserving automorphism
An automorphism \sigma of a finite group G is termed class-preserving if it sends every element to a conjugate element.
Related facts
Stronger facts
Other facts proved using the same method
Facts used
 1. Finite solvable-extensible implies semidirectly extensible for representation over finite field of coprime characteristic
 2. Semidirectly extensible implies linearly pushforwardable for representation over prime field
 3. Linearly pushforwardable implies class-preesrving for class-separating field
 4. Every finite group admits a sufficiently large finite prime field
 5. Sufficiently large implies splitting, Splitting implies character-separating, Character-separating implies class-separating
Facts (1) and (2) combine to yield that any finite solvable-extensible automorphism is linearly pushforwardable over a finite prime field where the prime does not divide the order of the group, and fact (3) yields that if the field chosen is a class-separating field for the group, then the automorphism is class-preserving. Thus, we need to show that for every finite group, there exists a prime field with the prime not dividing the order of the group, such that the field is a class-separating field for the group. This is achieved by facts (4) and (5).


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Psychological Stress and Burnout among Medical Students at the University of the West Indies
Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of burnout in medical students across all five years, and to investigate factors that might contribute to and protect from its effects.
Method: The design uses a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of medical students at The University of the West Indies–Cave Hill, and consisted of a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey with additional items developed by the authors.
Results: One hundred and nineteenstudents representing all years participated in the survey: 28.8% male and 78.2% female. Students with high scores of emotional exhaustion (EA), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) were reviewed. There were significant differences in emotional exhaustion (t = -2.916, df = 104, p = 0.004) and personal accomplishment (t = -2.567, df = 91, p = 0.012) between the basic science and clinical years. Pearson's r correlations showed a moderate positive relationship between age and personal accomplishment (r = 0.38, n = 92, p < 0.001). Older persons tended to have greater personal accomplishment scores. Persons with financial constraints in the past 12 months had significantly higher emotional exhaustion scores (t = 2.23, df = 103, p = 0.28) and depersonalization scores (t = 2.295, df = 95, p = 0.24) than those who did not. No differences were found in relationship to ethnicity, educational histories, parental educational histories, marital status, or effect of serious illness in self or family.
Conclusions: The study supports the notion that medical students in general have a high degree of emotional exhaustion that increases as they progress academically.
06 Jan, 2015
e-Published: 28 Sep, 2015
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3 Jan 2013
Does Costa win signal British comics comeback?
As Mary and Bryan Talbot's Dotter of Her Father's Eyes becomes the first graphic novel to win a Costa award, Hayley Campbell asks if comics are still a tough pill to swallow for the literary world.
British comics are noticeably everywhere now because a few years ago they very noticeably weren't.
After a flurry of activity in the mid-80s – which saw London become a teeming hotbed of comics creation, while stuff like Alan Moore's Watchmen made Americans unroll their maps to find out where these ideas were coming from – things sort of went off the boil.
Comics anthologies had been thought up and churned out with a kind of "scene" mentality that brought together all sorts of people – people who might have otherwise gone off to do films or write books, but didn't because there are some things that only work in comics.
There is a natural juxtaposition of ideas and sensibilities in comics that fuse or clash like no other art form. In the mid-'90s lots of these people disappeared, along with the still-young publishing ventures, but others stayed and self-published or shipped off to work in America.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for the haughty literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Neil Gaiman is one of the most famous anthology faces that emerged at that time, and one of his old collaborators was Bryan Talbot who had been doing his own underground comics since the late 1960s.
In 2007, when the British comics industry was starting to creak and groan back into existence (in the form of new publishing houses SelfMadeHero, Nobrow, Blank Slate, et al), Talbot was picked up by Jonathan Cape, the graphic novel imprint of "proper books" publisher Random House.
His Alice in Sunderland came out that same year, linking Lewis Carroll to that bit of England where everyone talks like Our Friends in the North.
His Costa Prize nomination for his latest book Dotter of Her Father's Eyes came as a surprise given the dozens of British comics worthy of the nod this year, but it makes sense if you pick it apart: Talbot has linked himself (or his wife, co-author Mary Talbot) not to Lewis Carroll this time but to another literary big cheese: James Joyce.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Hayley Campbell writes on comics for The Comics Journal


Afar in a Sentence 🔊
Definition of Afar
in a distant area
Examples of Afar in a sentence
Everyone could tell that the stranger came from afar due to his unknown accent. 🔊
When the weather forecaster told about the violent storm approaching the coast, no one at my house was scared since the coast was afar. 🔊
Sarah had never encountered Asian culture because that land was located afar. 🔊
Deployment for the soldiers meant that they would be travelling afar to unfamiliar lands. 🔊
In order to be safe, the witness would have to move afar according to the Witness Relocation Program. 🔊
Other words in the Direction category:
Most Searched Words (with Video)


text:
Jump to Main Content
Are World Heritage concepts of integrity and authenticity lacking in dynamism? A critical approach to Mediterranean autotopic landscapes
- García-Esparza, Juan A.
- Landscape research 2018 v.43 no.6 pp. 817-830
- cultural landscape, habitats, rural areas, Mediterranean region
- This paper examines how contemporary on-going and lively debate on Critical Heritage Studies merges with previous discourses on World Heritage Cultural Landscapes and rural societies. The scholarly approach to authenticity and integrity, and the critical point of static and dynamic approaches to these terms allow the author to challenge previous World Heritage (WH) discourses with a view to obtaining innovative insight into abandoned vernacular landscapes. Two main arguments are thus developed in this study. The first of these is an overview of the dynamics of abandoned cultural landscapes on an international scale. The second is an inside view aiming to provide an accurate interpretation of how these landscapes should be scrutinised and understood. To do this, autotopias and heterotopias broach the fundamental issue of how the Outstanding Universal Value of attributes in abandoned cultural landscapes needs to be understood, enhanced, experienced, and managed in an innovative WH approach. In conclusion, complex proposals for these heritage landscapes should rely on understanding the dynamics of the material and the social construct of the habitats they contain in order to assess them effectively from the standpoint of a World Heritage Cultural Process Assemblage rather than that of Outstanding Material Stratification.


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I had a question posed to me through a comment on this blog that I've not really written about dealing with plant propagation
: Why do I use sand instead of soil for cuttings?
Before I answer let me say that most (maybe about 95%) of my successful cuttings were done in sand alone with the rest in either in a sand and peat mix, regular soil, or water. There is no wrong way to root a cutting as long as it produces a healthy plant. If you like rooting cuttings in a jar of water then by all means go for it! There's more than one way to skin a cat (or so I've been told, I'd never do such a thing!)
I use sand for a several reasons:
- It holds the cuttings upright (any potting medium except water should do this).
- It drains well and keeps the cuttings from getting too moist.
- Low fertility (no fertility really) means the energy of the plant goes into making roots and not foliage.
- It is sterile since there is no organic matter for diseases and microbes to lurk.
- The roots have an easy time penetrating the sand and put on some good initial growth.
- It's cheap! (Perhaps the best reason of all.)
- It's easily available at pretty much any hardware store.
Once the cuttings root they need to be transplanted into soil to gain the nutritional value of the soil. Plants that are easy to root (like forsythia, caryopteris, coleus, etc.) will do fine in soil but more difficult rooting specimens may simply rot in soil as opposed to vermiculite or sand as a medium. Peat can be used mixed together with either sand, perlit, or vermiculite and it maintains sterility due to its high acid content.
Why don't I use soil? Let's assume we are talking about garden soil and not soilless potting mixes you find in stores for seed starting. Those should be fine for any propagation purpose. Not all cuttings root easily in soil, but then again not all cuttings root easily. The difference in the sand vs. soil issue is the sterility of the soil. Here is what the Master Gardener Extension at Ohio State University
had to say about the medium for cuttings:
"Insert treated cutting in a moist rooting medium. A suitable rooting medium is half perlite and half sphagnum peat moss. Any disinfested container with drainage is acceptable for use."
"The rooting medium should be sterile, low in fertility, and well-drained to provide sufficient aeration. It should also retain enough moisture so that watering does not have to be done too frequently. Materials commonly used are coarse sand, a mixture of one part peat and one part perlite (by volume), or one part peat and one part sand (by volume). Vermiculite by itself is not recommended, because it compacts and tends to hold too much moisture. Media should be watered while being used."
The problem with soil is that unpasteurized soil can contain bacteria. fungi (like damping off) and microbes that may harm a plant's growth or contain viruses that may spread to other plants. If it is too fertile it may encourage leaf growth (due to nitrogen) which you don't want at the initial stages of rooting, you want roots!
So in the end it comes down to personal preference. Many gardeners have methods of making potting mixes with different combinations of materials for different purposes and rooting plants is the same way. The sand works for me, but if a different rooting medium works for you then by all means use it. As long as the plant is healthy and happy in the end that's all that matters!
What soil mediums do you use for rooting, potting or seed starting? Do you have a favorite mix you use?


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Strengthening the Bonds of Chicano Youth (El Proyecto de Nuestra Juventud) is a comprehensive, multilevel, community-based, and culturally appropriate program designed to meet the prevention needs of rural Chicano youth in Central Arizona who demonstrate high-risk characteristics of substance abuse. The program is rooted in a family-oriented approach that is based on Mexican-American culture, values, and principles. The project was conceived and implemented by the Pinal Hispanic Council, a minority nonprofit organization based in Eloy, Arizona.
The target population served by the project included 450 high-risk youth (323 female, 127 male) in three age groups (9–11 years old, 12–14 years old, and 15–16 years old), who were residents of low-income housing and students at the elementary, junior high, and senior high schools. Availability of alcohol and drugs, attitudes favorable to drug use, negative peer influences, and poor family management were the risk factors used for referral to the project interventions. During the project, 330 families and 60 service providers were reached.
Based on the theoretical framework of Hawkins and Catalano, the interventions addressed four life domains: family, individual/peer, school, and neighborhood/community. The project uses a combination of culturally appropriate interventions for youth and families. Family interventions include camps (campamentos) and informal talks (platicas). Youth interventions include peer support groups and workshops. Community interventions include a homework center, a mural project, and a theatre project.
The project also included the following interventions:
The evaluation indicated that the project succeeded in improving family communication and bonding. Youths and families reported increased communication, trust, and a sense of belonging and bonding. Another significant finding was an increase in awareness of substance abuse issues and a decrease in substance abuse. Increased family communication and bonding had a significant positive impact in reducing potential substance abuse by the children.
The major significant findings include the following:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Registry of Effective Programs and Practices: Model program
Ralph Varela, C.M.S.W.
Pinal Hispanic Council
712 North Main Street
Eloy, AZ 85231–2037
Phone: _PHONE_
Varela, Ralph. 2001. Cultural Competent Prevention Program for At-Risk Chicano Youth. Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration/Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Report. Washington, DC: SAMHSA, CSAP, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


You are here
Nose, eyes, ears
Cesar recommends this article for you:
Portrait of a dog with nose, eyes, ears in that order
Principle 6 for Achieving Balance: Nose, eyes, ears
A dog's senses form her reality. She perceives the world through her nose, eyes, and ears (in that order). That's very different from our human way of eyes, ears and nose.


%0 Journal Article %J BMC Public Health %D 2018 %T Sexual health in the French military: a multidimensional and gendered perspective %A Duron, S. %A Bohet, A. %A Panjo, H. %A Bajos, N. %A Migliani, R. %A Marimoutou, C. %A Le Strat, Y. %A Meynard, J. B. %A Moreau, C. %K gender %K prevention %K sexual health %K Sexual risks %X BACKGROUND: Sexual health in the military comprises a range of concerns including sexually transmitted infections (STI), unintended pregnancy, sexual violence and sexual dysfunction. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of sexual health concerns by gender in the French military and compare these prevalences to estimates in the general population. METHODS: COSEMIL, the first sexual health survey in the French military comprises a probability sample of 1500 military personnel. Chi-square tests were used to compare lifetime abortion, STIs and sexual assault, and recent sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction by gender and explore the association between these indicators and current sexual risk (condom use at last intercourse). RESULTS: Women were more likely than men to declare negative sexual health outcomes, with the greatest difference related to sexual assault (24.3% versus 5.1% of males, p < 0.001) and sexual dysfunction hindering sexuality (15.2% of females versus 5.3% of males, p < 0.001). Women were also twice as likely to report ever having an STI (6.7% versus 3.4%, p = 0.03). Comparison with the French general population indicates lower percentages of STIs among military men (2.9% versus 4.9%) and higher percentages of abortion (17.6% versus 14.3%) forced sex (10.6% versus 7.4%) and sexual dysfunction (14.2% versus 9.3%) among military women. CONCLUSION: These results highlight gendered pattern of sexual health in the French military with women suffering greater sexual risks than men. Military health services should include women's health services to address the sexual and reproductive health gender gap. %B BMC Public Health %V 18 %P 750 %8 Jun 18 %@ _PHONE_ %M 29914422 %2 PMC6007003


USDA-ARS Malting Barley Breeding in Idaho
Malting barley production in the western United States was dominated by two-rowed varieties introduced from Europe until the release of the variety Klages in 1973. There are numerous reasons for this, but two stand out. Breeding programs focused on feed varieties during prohibition so it was some time before they were able to incorporate the desired malting and brewing quality into varieties adapted to the region. Secondly, 90% of the malt US brewers were using in the 1950s was made from six-row varieties, so European two-row varieties like Betzes from Poland, Moravian from Czechoslovakia, and Piroline from Germany were able to supply the industry with all the two-row it needed.
Read more….


American Astronomical Society - Sustainability Sustainability Tag Definition: Relates to the Sustainability Committee, a green AAS and energy conservation. en Traveling Virtually: How to Work Effectively with Less Travel Maintaining professional connections, running experiments, and disseminating results are key parts of the scientific process. Therefore, astronomers have long required and enjoyed frequent travel for attending meetings, observing, and giving seminars/colloquia. However, in the current era of shrinking budgets we are forced to consider how grant funding is best used, and part of the solution may be to find alternatives to air travel. It is an opportunity to assess whether all the travel we do is required. Improving technology now allows us to do remotely much of the work that previously required a physical trip. Reduced travel has the added benefits of reducing astronomy's large per-capita carbon footprint and doing our part to conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are responsible for global warming. This article reviews some of the alternatives to travel and seeks to provide recommendations on how to work remotely effectively. Meetings Budget pressure and technology improvements are now driving a trend for more virtual meetings. NSF grant review panels are now done virtually, saving significant money and travel time. Committee members have had positive experiences with these reviews. The Gemini International Time Allocation Committee (ITAC) used to hold a two-day physical meeting requiring international or long-distance travel by most members. This is now done in roughly half a day with a virtual meeting that uses custom online interactive software. Many other examples exist and are only becoming more common. With the proper tools and organization virtual meetings can be very effective. Different solutions for effective remote meetings are appropriate for different environments. Hardware solutions such as Polycom systems can create "virtual conference rooms" that are appropriate for times when groups of people can be assembled into a few locations. These tend to be used by institutions with conference rooms that can afford the dedicated hardware. Polycom conferences work well for face-to-face discussions and non-interactive presentations (e.g., slides). However, too many connections make the images of the participants small and hard to see. The screen resolution is usually too low to view computer screens for interactive work or demonstrations. Collaborative work probably requires specialized software (e.g., the Gemini ITAC software), or web services such as Google Drive, Microsoft Office 365, or equivalents. WebEx is another commercial product that allows sharing of presentations in a virtual conference setting that one may consider. We have learned that it is used extensively for NASA meetings and by observatories like NRAO. Software solutions such as Skype, Google+ Hangout, and GoToMeeting are effective on most computers and mobile devices and seem to be better for smaller groups and interactive demonstrations. They are generally cheaper than Polycoms, but reliability and smoothness of communication may depend on the service selected and the number of connections required. Since these solutions run on normal computers, they are good for very distributed groups and individuals. They tend to have higher screen resolutions than Polycoms, allowing for a more personal experience and effective screen sharing. One might consider using Polycoms in addition to a screen-sharing service as an alternative. While camera resolutions and bandwidth continue to improve, virtual meetings will not replace the experience of physically meeting and interacting with colleagues. Detecting subtle visual clues that are important for good communication requires good bandwidth and resolution. If you are going to be doing frequent remote meetings with the same people then it is very useful to start with a physical meeting. The better you know the person on the other end of the fiber, the easier it is to videoconference with them. While a lot of meetings can now be attended virtually, sometimes physical meetings are important and appropriate. The point is to be selective about the meetings you attend in person. If you are organizing or planning to attend a meeting there are a few things that can be done to minimize the amount of travel needed and the carbon footprint of the event. First, avoid meetings that require as much or more travel time than the duration of the meeting, e.g., flying from the US to Europe for a two-day workshop. These are good opportunities for virtual meetings. Second, consider organizing short but related meetings together so that the attendees don't have to travel as often. This is an obvious time and money saver that is becoming more and more common. The AAS offers various services to encourage combining meetings, including splinter sessions and "meetings in a meeting" during AAS meetings. Recently the TMT Science Forum was organized back-to-back with its Science Working Group meeting. These are just two of many examples. Meeting organizers should consider having the meetings in central locations near major airports that minimize the travel distance for all participants. Consider holding meetings that are accessible with a single direct flight rather than two flights (take-offs and landings are especially fuel intensive). Finally, consider webcasting and/or allowing virtual attendance at the meetings for participants who are not able to travel. These and other recommendations were discussed in the Sustainability Committee's splinter meeting at AAS 220 in Anchorage in 2012. More information can be found on the Sustainable AAS page. Observing New modes of observing now allow for the collection of data without the need to travel long distances to observing runs that can be easily weathered out. Queue or service observing is a popular mode in which observatory staff executes the observations in the conditions for which they were requested. This mode is also advantageous for observing objects with timing constraints such as eclipses, occultations, and supernovae and GRB follow-up. All space observatories and many major ground-based observatories — including Gemini, VLT, ALMA, and the VLA — offer or are exclusively queue scheduled. Next-generation facilities such as the ELTs are also considering, and should be encouraged to implement, queue scheduling. Some astronomers feel that with queue observing they lose the ability to provide feedback to the observatory about their data, or lose that vital "personal connection" with the observatory. All queue-scheduled observatories provide some means for feedback and the processes have been improving over time. Gemini sends email daily to notify PIs of new data, with a link to download the files. PIs can then evaluate the data and send feedback or request changes to their contact scientists. For more immediate interaction, a new "eavesdropping" mode allows a remote PI to "look over the shoulder" of a queue observer via a Skype connection when the PI's observations come up in the queue. Data can be obtained in near real-time for on-the-fly evaluation. This mode is especially useful for complicated target acquisitions and when the target brightness, and therefore the exposure time, is not well known. Other observatories such as Keck, LBT, Apache Point (APO), SOAR, and GBT provide remote observing where the observer controls the telescope from an office in their institution. ALMA is planning to move operations to Santiago, making it remotely operated for staff and saving them travel. VNC connections and/or special remote observing software are used to control the telescope and instruments and view data as if you were on-site. The observer is still subject to the vagaries of the weather and the Internet but avoids the time and expense of a long trip and can immediately evaluate the data and make adjustments. With video conferencing it is helpful to know the people first; with remote and queue observing it is helpful to know the observatory first. Some observatories, like SOAR, APO, and GBT, require observers to make a site visit for training before they can observe remotely. Visiting a telescope with queue scheduling can teach you a lot about how its systems and instruments work so that you can get the most out of your telescope time. Classical, or visitor, observing is one way to visit, but not the only way. Gemini encourages both queue and classical PIs to visit for a week or two to learn the system, meet the staff, reduce data, and give a science talk. This is especially good for students. The visitors, and the observatory, get more out of the visit and the PIs go home feeling better connected to the facility and often become more effective queue observers. Get Involved The trends toward virtual meetings and remote/queue observing are being driven by a combination of budgetary and operations/flexibility considerations. These are also important steps toward making our profession more sustainable in the future, as the need to reduce the human carbon footprint becomes increasingly clear. In this, all of us have


Seneca Caverns
Saves: 11
Check-ins: 1
These subterranean caverns were discovered accidentally in 1879 by two boys at play who fell through a hole. In 1931, explorations continued where tunnels led further into the depths. Now you can explore these depths too aided by a trained guide. One of the highlights of the cave is the underground stream of crystal clear water. You can also mine for gems and fossils - although the baubles are not native to the cave.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a bunch of raster maps from a general plan of a city.
I need to vectorize them such that I can store all elements (lines, polygons, points) of the map listed in the legend in a database like PostGIS such that I can
 - find all elements of a master plan, which affect a certain region on the map (e. g. if I have a house at location X and the government wants to build a road in the same place, I want to notice it) and
 - compare two versions of a master plan by running database queries.
The ultimate purpose is to bring the data contained in these maps into a format that can be understood by non-technical people - inhabitants of the city so that they can express agreement or disagreement with the general plan.
One obvious approach is to simply lay raster map over a vector map of the region (there is a vector map of that city in OSM) and manually transfer the lines from raster to vector form.
 1. What tools (preferably open source) can I use to vectorize the maps manually and save the data in PostGIS?
 2. Are there any alternatives, which are faster? Can this process be automated (fully or partially) using open source or inexpensive commercial software?
Update 18.01.2013: FYI: I asked the copyright holder (city administration) of the maps to provide them in vector format. I'll wait for their answer and then decide on further actions.
Update 27.01.2013:
Today I made a first experiment in georeferencing for these maps.
 1. OpenStreetMap map
 2. Raster map
Process: You can see how I do georeferencing in this video.
 1. GCP points for both maps
 2. Modified raster map
I have following questions:
 1. How many points do I need to enter in order to have good enough quality of the mapping? Are there any rules of thumb for that?
 2. What can I do to improve the quality of the mapping (remove mapping defects shown below)?
Sample mapping defect #1
Mapping defect #1
Sample mapping defect #2
Mapping defect #2
share|improve this question
gis.stackexchange.com/questions/22704/… might help – BradHards Jan 13 '13 at 21:34
QGIS + plugins (grass plugin is correct one i think), PostGIS, GDAL... I woudl start project by calling people who made those maps and ask vectors maps from them After i have vectors i would store all data into postGIS, throw GeoServer and openLayers stack for internet interface – simplexio Jan 14 '13 at 8:39
_USER_: I added Update 27.01.2013 above. There are some mapping defects which are caused either by too few points or wrong settings. It would be great, if you looked at the video and suggested how to improve the process. Thanks! – Dmitri Pisarenko Jan 26 '13 at 21:26
3 Answers 3
After my own related question received here a vague suggestion to use GRASS, I wrote an ArcInfo Grid ASCII to ESRI Shapefile conversion utility in python; see ArcInfo Grid ASCII to ESRI Shapefile conversion. I was motivated by the need to upload raster data in a format that CartoDB could support (they do not "officially" support raster files). The utility may be useful, possibly with some modifications. The code is on GitHub. I may be motivated to extend the code in various ways, such as simultaneous vectorization of multiple grid ASCII raster files.
share|improve this answer
Similar to Italiano I use Scan2Cad for most of my simple stuff.
When the raster gets as complicated as what your examples are there is a whole other level of work needed.
This is a job for FME
Here is an email from dmbaugh _USER_ who helped me with this concept some time ago.
But as you will see the work invloved would cause you to go to Simplexio's comment and return to the entity that originally created the rasters (they were created from vector data [that is clear]), and request the original vector data (even if they will require payment the cost of converting the raster will be greater).
it seems to me, you need a workspace that combines these two example that we mention here. First, you have to separate areas that you need from the rest of the data. For that purpose, you can use RasterExpressionEvaluator.
Here is another example how it can be done:
And then, once grassland is separated on the raster level, the rest can be set to nodata, and RasterExtentsCoercer will extract only grassland polygons.
In fact, it will not be that smooth. Because of the nature of such maps the translation will probably produce a lot of "noise" from contours, labels, roads etc. Post-processing is always required and may include Generalizers, AreaCalculators, Dissolvers etc., and of course, some experimental work that should find the best sequence of the transformers and parameter values.
Dmitri from safe
To get the data in your example images into managable feature classes with well defined values you will need to remove noise (other information) like the roads, contours, streams, building footprints, and more from each image after making sure they are all georeferenced.
share|improve this answer
I advise you could use Wintopo, sir :)
share|improve this answer
Wintopo only converts TIF, JPG, PNG, GIF, BMP files. It's likely that the OP wishes to convert other file formats which are more common in GIS applications. – Fezter Jan 13 '13 at 22:32
Your Answer


Woodland Landscape
Visitors to the National Memorial Arboretum can see and learn about a wide variety of trees. Although still a 'young' Arboretum, there are already about 30,000 trees in the grounds which are growing rapidly into a unique living tribute.
Both British native species and specimen trees can be found amongst our 30,000 plus trees within the Arboretum. In specific areas of our site, trees from temperate regions from around the world can be found; for instance, in our Far East area you will find examples of dogwood and tulip trees, whilst in our Mediterranean Campaigns area you will discover cork oaks and black pines.
Dawn Redwoods can be found behind the British Korean Veterans memorial. These magnificent trees, identified as a 'living fossil' in 1941, once blanketed the entire Northern Hemisphere and were thought to be extinct by Western botanists until their rediscovery in 1941 in the Szechuan Province of China.
Our police tribute 'The Beat' is an avenue of London plane trees and some Horse Chestnuts, funded by every Police Force in the UK. Chestnuts were chosen because the first truncheons were made from this extremely durable wood.
Many of our trees have been dedicated to an individual and specific woodlands exist in memory of the Merchant Navy, victims of road accidents and for children remembered by parents and family.
Our trees are planted to enhance the symbolism found across the Arboretum. Everything is planned and considered and these living memorials create a tranquillity and sense of peace across the 150-acre site.


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The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine (Penn State) in Hershey, Pa., redesigned its programs to increase the number of generalist graduates and the number of residents entering primary care practice.
This project was part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) Generalist Physician Initiative, a national program that challenged schools of medicine to increase the supply of general internists, general pediatricians and family practitioners that they were training.
Under the Generalist Physician Initiative, Penn State accomplished the following:
- Established the Center for Primary Care.
- Established a statewide promotional campaign—the Penn State Primary Care Partnership.
- Implemented a tracking system to provide information on the career decisions of students, graduates and residents.
- Developed a Primary Care Pre-Admission Program to identify and recruit promising high school and undergraduate students.
- Developed a Primary Care Early Acceptance and Admissions Program to selectively admit students who seek to pursue primary care careers.
- Restructured the medical school curricula to emphasize more interdisciplinary, coordinated primary care courses.
- Emphasized and refocused the importance of primary care in the residency program.
- Established 12 community practice sites and trained some 350 preceptors to work with medical students and residents.


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Twin Cities-based artist Siah Armajani is known for his pioneering public works, which have helped to redefine the social function of art both in this country and abroad. More than simply art for public spaces, Armajani's bridges, plazas, and other public art pieces—at once utilitarian and symbolic—are intended to reflect the ideals of a democratic society and to foster discourse and learning in the communities they inhabit.
Armajani explored the bridge as a metaphor for passage in a number of his early conceptual models and works. In 1970, for example, for the exhibition 9 Artists/9 Spaces, he fashioned an 85-foot-long, rough-timbered wooden bridge. Rising quite surprisingly to a gabled peak at its middle, it sheltered a lone pine tree planted beneath. The idea of passage became decidedly more functional with Armajani's full-scale commission for the Irene Hixon Whitney Bridge, which allows pedestrians to cross the sixteen lanes of streets and highway that had severed the Garden from neighboring Loring Park for many years. The artist's design incorporates the three basic types of bridge structure: beam (across its fir-planked, horizontal span), arch (for the eastern portion), and suspension (for the western portion). To underscore the sense of transition from one part to the next, Armajani painted each half a different, atmospheric shade: pale blue for the upward arching portion and yellow, recreated from the hue that Thomas Jefferson used at his home, Monticello, for the inverted arch. Affixed to the upper lintel of the span and running in each direction across the bridge are the words of a poem—a meditation on movement, place, order, and crossing—which Armajani commissioned specially from the renowned American poet John Ashbery.


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Wheelphone main wiki
Phone inclination
In some applications you need that the phone mounted on the robot has a longer view with the back camera and this can be accomplished adding a small piece of plastic with which you can adjust the tilt. In our lab we designed a simple extension that let choose between two inclinations, the following figures compares the normal inclination (no extension) and the others two (with the extension in one side and the other side):
The installation is very easy: just insert it in the case of the robot.
An application that works better with this extension is the markers navigation app that need to detect markers at long distance.
Extra stabilization
Nowadays phones are always bigger and this is normally an advantage for the user, but the Wheelphone could get in troubles loosing the balance easier. For this reason a little weight can be placed on front of the robot to let it be more stable, especially when little ground obstacles need to be overcome. The following figure shows the plastic container (filled with lead) positioned on front of the robot thanks to the "lego connectors":
The plastic container is covered with some nice pictures, but you can put whatever images you like.
Play with lego
The Wheelphone robot has some "lego connectors" around in the case (i.e. in the bottom side near the ground sensors, in the front side over the proximity sensors, in the wheels,...). The following figures show some lego pieces attached to the Wheelphone, e.g. you can attach two arms and play with a ball, or you can send some message to your friends,...your fantasy is the limit.
Artist extension
Brings out your artistic side with this extension that let you attach a pen in the back side of the robot. The installation is very easy, the piece must be framed to the case as shown below:
The following video shows an example:
It's not a perfect heart, it's art ;-)
Magnetic drag
The same plastic extension used to work with a pen can be used to drag some others thinks thanks to a magnetic connection; insert a little magnet inside the hole as shown in the following first picture, then you are able to be for example a locomitve:
Video recording
If you are interested in recording a video directly on the phone that is connected to the robot, thus having the perspective of the robot while is moving, you can follow these steps:
 1. connect the phone to the robot and start the monitor application
 2. take the robot in your hands and give the robot a desired speed and enable obstacle avoidance (and cliff avoidance if you are moving on a table)
 3. press the home button of the phone
 4. start the camera app from the Android system and start recording
 5. place the robot on the ground and let it move around
 6. when you are satisfied take the robot, stop the recording and turn off the robot


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This unique training programme examines concepts, field-tested techniques and procedures and technical information concerning crime scene investigation.
Other topics covered include:
Crime scene health and safety issues.
In this outstanding programme you are taught how to lift evidence, especially blood from an object or person and prepare it for submission to a laboratory.
You will learn how to approach a crime scene so as to preserve evidence and not contaminate the scene.
This course tells you what a criminalist actually does and how samples of a suspect's hair can be microscopically compared with hair found on the victim.
Lesson 1 Crime Investigation
Lesson 2 First Officer at the Crime Scene
Lesson 3 Specialised Personnel at the Crime Scene
Lesson 4 Fingerprints and Palm Prints
Lesson 5 Trace Evidence and Miscellaneous Material
Lesson 6 Blood and Other Biological Evidence
Lesson 7 The Criminal Mind
Lesson 8 Firearms Examination
Lesson 9 Arson and Explosives
Lesson 10 Illicit Drugs and Toxicology
Lesson 11 Investigating Sexual Assault and domestic Abuse Crimes
Lesson 12 Burglary Investigation
Upon completion of this course you may take a final online examination. Full details of this examination are automatically sent to you at the end of the course. The examination costs €65 and is taken at home at your convenience. If you receive 70% or more in this examination you will receive an ITEC – Irish Training and Educational Centre Diploma.


Unrestricted Net Assets
What are 'Unrestricted Net Assets'
Unrestricted net assets are a group of items owned by the government with commercial or exchange value that have no external restrictions regarding their use or function. Unrestricted net assets appear in government accounting and are government-owned assets that can be utilized for any decided-upon purpose. This is in contrast to restricted net assets that are assigned to specific purposes.
BREAKING DOWN 'Unrestricted Net Assets'
Government accounting includes the principles and procedures used by local, state and federal governments for accounting purposes. Rules are established by the National Council on Governmental Accounting. Assets of local, state and federal governments are typically restricted to specific uses and purposes, however, unrestricted net assets fall outside this limitation.


The Great White Silence - Blu-ray Review
'its historical significance is unparalleled'
Herbert Ponting's 1924 film of Captain Scott's tragic attempt to reach the South Pole in 1911, The Great White Silence is a marvel of technical achievements both old and new. Restored by the BFI to a brilliant new print, this Blu-ray outing of Ponting's silent film is presented by the institute with a new score by Simon Fisher Turner and a restoration of Ponting's original 'tinting', a process which gives the black and white negatives a semblance of colour.
That colour is used to stunning effect. Purples, blues, greens and yellows fill the screen in alternative scenes as Ponting uses the differing shades to reflect mood and content. The new soundtrack also adds multi-faceted layers to the on-screen narrative. Turner's score is a mixture of industrial clanking (representing'soundless' on screen items, such as icebergs) and contextual sound effects (such as the ship's bell on the Terra Nova, the vessel used to ferry the explorers in to the Antarctic). Ponting's on-screen textual narration feels a little twee but it is also very well written and reflects the feelings of a man experiencing the awe of a little-seen part of the world.
The whole package feels like the 'definitive edition' the BFI really want it to be and the historical significance of Ponting's work is impossible to underestimate. That someone was there on the Antarctic shelf at all is remarkable, that someone managed to capture footage like this is incredible. Of particular poignancy is the recreation of Scott and his company's daily routine which gives a glimpse into the ordeal they must have faced during the several months of journeying from their camp to the pole itself and back.
It is tempting at this point to slap a reverent five-stars at the bottom of Ponting's film and label it a classic. It is of course. Such a film-making endeavour will never be repeated and its historical significance is unparalleled. For all that though, parts of it drag significantly. Ponting rather unnecessarily recreated sections of the journey in miniature format. Watching tiny sledges wander over fake polar ice caps at a benign rate is hardly intriguing, much less involving. The lagging run-time of one-hundred and ten minutes is a long time to sit through a silent documentary which, despite its remarkable footage, has been superseded by hundreds of nature and anthropological documentaries in the intervening years. It's a fine film and a fitting monument to the legacy of Scott and his endeavour but its perfection is of a flawed nature, even if this restoration is worthy of significant praise.
Look further...
'it struck me that it demonstrates that there is no need for 3D or any fancy gimmicks to convey drama. All that is required is a staggeringly good story' - Every Film In 2011, 8/10
 1. I never knew this existed. I have read a number of books on Scott and the ill-fated expedition. I was fortunate enough to see Shackleton's silent movie of his Endurance expedition almost 10 years ago on the big screen. Harrowing stuff and well worth reading about if it is your thing.
 I will be looking out for this, it may play in our coming Film Festival.
 2. It's well worth seeing if it does appear there. I imagine the sound would be great to experience on the big screen. Not without its problems but whilst watching it you do get *that* feeling of being in the presence of something absolutely momentous. Never heard of the Shackleton film. I'll have to look into it.
 3. It is called South. Shackelton wrote a memoir of the expedition and named it South as well! Can't re-call the film maker's name off hand but it shows the Endurance being crushed among other things.
 4. I had the opportunity to see this film at a Film Society screening a couple of weeks ago. However, I wasn't very well and the length of the film put me off so I didn't see it after all. Thanks for the review, interesting to read. One point I must make is that the word is superceded or alternatively superseded.
 5. Thanks for the correction Lynn! I imagine the experience in a cinema screening could have been great but the Blu-ray transfer is excellent (as, I imagine, is the DVD) so if you get chance definitely give it a go.


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Learning and waiting
From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, I'm Ira Dreyfuss with HHS HealthBeat.
Forming a family happens with some people later than with others. At the National Center for Family and Marriage Research at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, researchers say people with at least a bachelor's degree were least likely to form a family before age 25, and those with a high school equivalency diploma were most likely.
Researcher Susan Brown:
''Clearly, education appears to have a significant effect on family formation experiences, slowing down that process of either forming a union or having a birth.'' (10 seconds)
The researchers expect more delays, partly because people often don't want to marry until they are economically set.
The study was supported by HHS' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.
Learn more at hhs.gov.
HHS HealthBeat is a production of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. I'm Ira Dreyfuss.
Last revised: February 1, 2012


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Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems
Merdivan, Erinç (2013) Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems. [Thesis]
Error Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) is a multi-class classiffication technique in which multiple binary classiffiers are trained according to a preset code matrix, such that each one learns a separate dichotomy of the classes. While ECOC is one of the best solutions to multi-class problems, it is suboptimal since the code matrix and the base classiffiers are not learned simultaneously. In this thesis, we present three different algorithms that iteratively updates the ECOC code matrix to improve the performance of the ensemble by reducing the decoupling. Firstly, we applied the previously developed FlipECOC+ update algorithm. Second method is applying simulated annealing method on updating ECOC matrix by flipping proposed entries according to ascending order. Last method is applying beam search to find updated ECOC matrix which has highest validation accuracy. We applied all three algorithms on UCI (University of California Irvine) data sets. Beam search algorithm gives the best result on UCI data sets. All of the proposed update algorithms does not involve further training of the classiffiers and can be applied to any ECOC ensemble.
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Definition of Demyelination
Demyelination: A degenerative process that erodes away the myelin sheath that normally protects nerve fibers. Demyelination exposes these fibers and appears to cause problems in nerve impulse conduction that may affect many physical systems. Demyelinization is seen in a number of diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis.
Diagnosis is by functional observation and by testing for myelin protein in the blood.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2011 5:27:15 PM
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Harvest, moose and cane transport
The cane harvest in the geographic valley of the Cauca River is carried out at an approximate cultivation age of 13 months and through two systems: semi-mechanized and mechanized
The semi-mechanized harvest consists of making manual cutting of the stem at ground level by cutters, who remove the bud and leaves when the cut is made in green. The long cane is left in neat jets on the ground, then it is collected by lifting machines and deposited in transport wagons. The performance of the cutters is reported between 2-4 t / man / day for semi-clean cane and between 5-7 t / man / day for previously burned cane.
Lifter in semi-mechanized harvest system.
In the mechanized harvest, integral self-propelled machines are used, which have different mechanical and hydraulic systems to cut the bud, make the basal cut, chop the stems, remove the leaves and raise the harvested cane to deposit it in transport wagons. Combine yield is reported in 24-25 ton / h in semi-clean cane. At present about 50% of the harvested cane in the geographical valley of the Cauca River is carried out through the mechanical system.
Mechanized harvesting system with self-propelled combine, articulated tract and HD 20000 wagon.
Cenicaña has conducted research on the impact of the use of both semi-mechanized and mechanized harvesting equipment in different cane varieties. Based on the results obtained, some recommendations have been made to mills and suppliers:
- Make use of freight wagons of less weight and capacity to transport the cane inside the lots.
- Correlate the dimensions of the wagons with the field design.
- Correlate the size of the wagons and the capacity of the tractors.
- Supervise harvest work.


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The absorption of research knowledge by public civil servants
Abstract:The aim of this study is to revisit the major theoretical perspectives on research utilisation by public civil servants, to propose a new conceptual framework of the absorption of research knowledge by these civil servants and to provide a first empirical testing of the proposed conceptual framework. Some of the empirical findings are particularly interesting as they seem to converge with the well-known 'bounded' aspect of rational action. For example, they show a significant association between civil servants' educational level, on the one hand, and, on the other, their propensity to communicate with academic researchers and to acquire research evidence.
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: November 1, 2009
Evidence & Policy is the first peer-reviewed journal dedicated to comprehensive and critical assessment of the relationship between research evidence and the concerns of policy makers and practitioners, as well as researchers.
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- Evidence & Policy fast track articles
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In music, the introduction is a passage or section which opens a movement or a separate piece. In popular music this is often called an intro. The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic material related to the main body of a piece.
Introductions may be an ostinato that is used in the following music, an important chord or progression that establishes the tonality and groove for the following music, important but disguised or out of context motivic or thematic material. As such the introduction may be the first statement of primary or other important material, may be related to but different from the primary or other important material, or may bear little relation to any other material. (Courtesy of Wikipedia)
Introductions or Intros, which occur at the beginning of a song, are short (usually only several bars) and are used to establish a songs mood, tempo, and key. If a song's initial chord progression starts with the "I" chord (as most songs do), you can use any Turnaround to create an Introduction.


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A self-erecting tower crane is a type of crane with tower and boom/jib elements that do not dismantle into component sections. Self-erecting tower cranes can be transported between sites as a complete unit. The erection and dismantling process is a fundamental part of the cranes function.
Self-erecting tower cranes lift themselves from the ground or lift an upper, telescoping section using jacks, allowing the next section of the tower to be inserted at ground level or lifted into place by the partially erected crane. Therefore they can be assembled without outside help, and can grow together with the building or structure they are erecting.


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We will also see the advantages that grafting cactus has for our plants.
What is a graft?
A graft is the union of two different plants, here graft cactus, which will join forming a new plant. There are two different parts;
– the foot or pattern of the graft or graft, which will have its roots thus giving sustenance and consistency to the grafted plant on top.
– the graft, the plant that we incorporate into the foot, where it will be welded and united so as to develop together, as a single plant.
Cacti are very easy to graft between species and do not usually give problems if we follow the technique and we do it with care and hygiene. In general, it is sought that there is a kinship between them, belonging both to the same family and gender. However, for the rest of succulent plants, the patterns and grafts must be compatible with each other.
The technique of grafting cactus is an easy way to reproduce plants, although it is also used to form new plant species.
What do we get when grafting cactus?
With the technique of grafting you can get plants, new, different, spectacular and unique and also with a faster growth.
When grafting cactus, we can get:
- Unique plants of very colorful shapes and colors. Colors, orange, yellow, red, pink, etc., giving life with the foot or base that synthesizes the chlorophyll, to types of cactus that would die to be able to do it.
- Save the life of a cactus that has rottenness in the foot, by excess of irrigation generally and that cutting the stem and grafting it on a healthy foot, have new life.
- Procure faster growth, grafting on a vigorous foot, those slow-growing species.
- They can graft, on feet of greater resistance to the rot of the roots or to the colder climate, those delicate species.
- A unique plant or example.
- For the multiplication of species that are difficult to grow, obtaining a resistant and easily cultivated foot.
Which feet carry grafts, pattern or base plant, should we use?
The species most used to graft cactus are:
- Hylocereus undatus, etc. since they have a rapid growth and support more humid soils. They are short-lived, about 5 years old.
- Trichocereus; pachanoi, spachianus, since being columnar cactus they go well and adapt to cold climates and dry substrate in winter.
- Trichocereus; macrogonus, fulvianus or pasacana, since these have a very fast growth and are very vigorous.
- Echinopsis; pachanoi, bridgesii, macrogonus, peruvianus, these are feet that can hold a graft for a long time on them.
- Echinopsis multiplex, etc., since they are easy to grow, producing many shoots.
- Eriocereus jusbertii, of great use of a time to this part by its ease of cultivation and therefore the fast obtaining of feet. It does not have too many thorns and it grows on any type of soil, but the best thing is that it is moist and rich. It supports the cold well, low temperatures.
Other feet or patterns to graft cactus.
- Myrtillocactus geometrizans, fast growing columnar cactus.
- Pereskiopsis is not a typical cactus, it has large leaves and it grows like a shrub. Especially indicated for micrografts.
- Opuntias, also adapt well to the graft, especially the opuntia bergeriana.
When to graft cactus?
So that grafting cactus is a success, we must consider the best time for it and this is in spring and early summer. At this time the foot is growing, it is more vigorous, it heals earlier and it joins better.
In case of need, we could also get up until the beginning of autumn. You could even lengthen something else, if we consider warmer conditions, in a greenhouse.
Winter is clearly a time inadvisable to make cactus grafts, basically because we need the foot to be growing.
What do we need to successfully graft cactus?
We must first consider the family / species of the cactus to be grafted.
We must consider the size, this is the foot should be at least equal in diameter to the graft.
Ideally, the foot should be larger in diameter / section (wider) than the graft.
We must consider the age of the foot or graft carrier, it must not be very old or woody as it penalizes the foot / graft union, as it must not be very young since it must support the grafted cactus.
The tools or tools and tools that we will need are:
Fine cutting knife, clean and in good condition (blade, cutter, scalpel, etc …)
Cotton, absorbent paper.
Plastic kitchen film, large elastic bands or latex tapes, garters or thick thread.
Ethyl alcohol (96º)
To graft cactus!
The process of grafting cactus, divided into a series of steps that we will relate below:
1.- One week before the grafting, we will water and fertilize the plant a little more than usual, so that it is hydrated and more comfortable to do.
2.- Disinfect the blade or cutter with 96º ethyl alcohol.
3.- Cut the foot of the base cactus. Make a clean cut, without irregularities.
4.- Trim / round the edges of the foot, so that when drying or healing, do not pull and bend, which could disengage or detach the graft. This will leave the foot prepared to receive the graft.
5.- We make a clean cut of the cactus to be grafted (always with a section equal to or less than that of the foot, base or pattern).
6.- You have to act quickly and do not let the foot and graft cuts dry. Join them quickly.
7.- Check that the surfaces to be joined are clean and without irregularities.
Last steps to graft cactus.
8.-For the foot-graft union to be reliable, we must consider the following; the graft, its vascular bundles, must be placed on the vascular bundles of the foot, which cross the cactus vertically.
The vascular bundles are responsible for transporting the sap, essential to feed the graft. Therefore, for a ben coupling foot / graft, these should not be coaxial, this is to have the same axis.
The graft should be colored slightly to the right or left, so that the bundles or vascular rings of the foot / graft are intercrossed.
This will be very important to graft cactus, in grafts of adult plants. If they were young, it would not be so fundamental, since the young plant does not have the vascular rings clearly visible.
9.- Unite firmly, without excessive pressure, but avoiding air, unbound areas or impurities.
10.- Attach the foot / graft union with plastic film (if the graft is small) or elastic bands or thick thread …
11.- Once the graft is properly secured, it should remain in a warm place in the shade for at least a week. After these 7 or 10 days, depends on each union and the environment in which it is made, you can remove the rubber or film, since the graft will be welded.
12.- Once the process of grafting cactus has been completed, the union has already been welded, you will be able to put it in the sun, but not too long, since the grafted plant is weaker at that time.


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Question: How Fast Should A 12 Year Old Run?
How fast does a 12 year old run?
The height of the person in question, the specific length of the legs.
It also varies per location in the world.
How fast should a 13 year old be able to run?
The International Association of Athletics Federations recommends that 13-year-olds run no more than 10K at a time — approximately 6.2 miles. At a fast pace of six minutes per mile, this works out to just over 37 minutes, but at a slower pace of 11 minutes per mile, it works out to about an hour and eight minutes.
How long should it take a 13 year old to run 5k?
Average 5k Pace by Age and SexAgeMenWomen1111:13:2911:42:071210:20:1911:20:491310:22:1311:34:271409:28:2411:31:5873 more rows
What is a good mile time for a 12 year old?
How fast can a 11 year old run?
The world best for 11 year-old-boys is 4:23.9 (or is estimated to be this time). For girls: Regional-class is 6:45, national class is 5:55; world-class is 5:15 and the world-best for 11-year-girls of 4:42.9 (or is estimated to be this time). Run faster!
How fast should a 7th grader run a mile?
5:30 or less would be good for 7th grade, and 5:10 or less would be good for eighth grade. If you get sub 5 by the end of 8th grade, you would be really good. In my school, if you're in 8th grade and you get a mile time of around 5:15, you would probably be around 5th best out of the school.
How fast should a 14 year old run 100m?
Can a 12 year old run a half marathon?
About the age of 12 years, children can run a half-marathon. … First, kids' bodies aren't built to keep up an even pace over a long stretch, so the energy cost is more demanding than for an adult.
How fast should a 12 year old run 1500m?
At 12 years old, finishing a 1500m run is good as is, regardless of the time it takes. If you'd still like to keep track of time than I would say anywhere between 8–10 minutes would be great!
Who is the fastest 12 year old?
How fast can Bolt Run mph?
How fast can a girl run?
Who is the fastest kid in the world?
Is 7 minutes good for a mile?
A 7 minute mile time probably means you are somewhat fit, but it doesn't make you a great runner. … Mere seconds are extremely hard to shave off in seconds; a three minute difference is extremely long. So no, this is a good time, but it's not a great time.
Can humans run 100m under 9 seconds?
Overall, the sprinting velocity is a product of step length and step frequency. In his world record run in Berlin 2009, Usain Bolt ran at 12.4m/s in his fastest phase. … For a human to run 100m in under nine seconds, this would require maximum velocity to reach about 13.2m/s.


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World Agroforestry Centre Considers Climate Adaptation in Chinese Mountain Communities
29 April 2013: In the context of increased rainfall variability and recurrent drought in mountain regions of China, the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has published a study, titled 'Coping with Climate-induced Water Stress Through Time and Space in the Mountains of Southwest China,' on strategies to increase resilience to water shortages.
ICRAF scientists documented a range of coping strategies, including erosion control, village water management rules, changes in cropping patterns, and new irrigation methods. The study highlights that political trends in China are promoting decentralized and market-driven solutions.
The authors note that not all coping strategies will be sustainable in the long-term, and stress the need to link short-term strategies with long-term ecological and socioeconomic adaptations. They promote afforestation both for restoration of natural forest and for incorporating trees into farmlands.
ICRAF is a member of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [Publication: Coping with Climate-induced Water Stress Through Time and Space in the Mountains of Southwest China] [ICRAF Press Release]