text:
Sesame Workshop Shares Tips For Creating Touch Screen Content for Preschoolers
Producer of Sesame Street Releases Best Practices for Apps and eBooks Based on Proprietary Research
New York, NY, December 17, 2012 –With ownership of tablets more than doubled over the last year1, more children than ever are engaging with touch screen devices. Sesame Workshop, the nonprofit educational organization behind Sesame Street, today released a paper that offers key findings from touch screen studies and tips for designing and developing apps and ebooks for preschoolers. Best Practices: Designing Touch Tablet Experiences for Preschoolers is based on more than 50 studies and shares Sesame Workshop's approach and discoveries in creating effective educational content for these mobile platforms.
Best Practices outlines interactive design points that research has shown to best support child engagement and learning on digital touch platforms. It also categorizes the most and least intuitive gestures for touch screens, tips for visual design and layout. Findings and tips include:
- Provide dialogue and visual reinforcements to help preschoolers who usually cannot read.
- Tapping is one of the most intuitive interactions for preschoolers while pinching and flicking are often difficult for children with developing motor skills.
- Preschoolers are inclined to hold tablets in landscape view.
- Preschoolers tend to rest their wrists along the bottom edge of tablets, making hotspots and icons placed along the edge potential triggers for unintentional actions that disrupt the activity.
"These best practices are a result of our research with preschoolers and their parents. We've developed highly effective methods and ways we can make apps and ebooks more engaging to help children learn," said Rosemarie Truglio, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Education and Research. "We design with parents and caregivers in mind and know that through joint media engagement children learn more and our content has a greater educational impact. In addition, we develop parent tips and have begun to integrate progress trackers as a helpful resource for parents."
The paper also outlines key features for book apps and ebooks such as including reading options with and without narration in ebooks and the ability for parents to turn off potentially distracting hotspots.
Best Practices: Designing Touch Tablet Experiences for Preschoolers is available for download on Sesame Workshop's website at _URL_ The tips on interaction and design outlined in the paper were culled from studies done on Sesame Street and The Electric Company apps designed for tablets and smartphones.
Sesame Workshop is the nonprofit educational organization that revolutionized children's television programming with the landmark Sesame Street. The Workshop produces local Sesame Street programs, seen in over 150 countries, and other acclaimed shows including The Electric Company, to help bridge the literacy gap. Beyond television, the Workshop produces content for multiple media platforms on a wide range of issues including literacy, health and military deployment. Initiatives meet specific needs to help young children and families develop critical skills, acquire healthy habits and build emotional strength to prepare them for lifelong learning. Learn more at _URL_.


text:
Native American Legal Update
Catholic Church To Canonize First Native American Saint
This month, the Catholic Church will canonize its first ever Native American saint, Kateri Tekakwitha. Sometimes known as Lily of the Mohawks, she died more than 300 years ago, but is thought by some to have performed a miracle as recently as 2006.
Kateri Tekakwitha was born in 1656 in a village called Ossernenon, part of what is now New York state. Dutch, English and French colonialists were competing for control of the territory, bringing with them European diseases. A smallpox epidemic killed Kateri's parents and younger brother. She survived, but the disease left her face scarred and her sight seriously impaired. The Mohawk word "Tekakwitha" roughly translates as "the one who walks groping her way".
Kateri converted to Catholicism, which for many Mohawks was as much a practical and strategic move as a religious one. The Tribe was trying to align itself with European allies without becoming politically subservient. Kateri appears to have been ostracized for converting. Her uncle, the chief of the village, is said to have been unhappy with her decision, and her refusal to marry a Mohawk man he had selected for her.
Kateri ended up travelling hundreds of miles by foot and canoe to a Jesuit-run Native American missionary village near Montreal, called Kahnawake. There she proved herself to be pious in the extreme. She took a lifetime vow of chastity, and subjected herself to a harsh regime of self-punishment, which included walking barefoot in the ice and snow, placing hot coals from the fire between her toes until they cooled, and lying on a bed of thorns. Mohawk men would conduct tests of strength and willpower before going into battle, and Kateri may have been influenced by this, effectively fusing her native beliefs with her newfound faith.
Kateri Tekakwitha died when she was just 24 years old - and it was upon her death that reports of miracles began. Jesuits at the scene said that the scars on her face vanished entirely, and soon after, a number of people reported seeing visions of her.The Jesuits believed her to be a saint and catalogued all they could of her life, making her the most well-documented indigenous person in the history of the Americas.
The recent reported miracle that secured Kateri Tekakwitha's canonization occurred in 2006, when Jake Finkbonner, a five-year-old Lummi boy from Washington state fell playing basketball and hit his lip against some metal, contracting a potentially deadly "flesh-eating" bacterial infection, necrotising fasciitis.
Sister Kateri Mitchell put the word out for people to pray to Kateri Tekakwitha for his recovery. She then went to his bedside in the hospital in Seattle with a piece of Kateri's wrist-bone - a first-class relic - which she placed against his body, and together with his parents, prayed.
Jake, now 12, still needs some medical attention, but he made a recovery considered by some, including the Vatican, to be miraculous.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


🎊 confetti ball
What is the official name for the🎊emoji?
The official name is confetti ball. There are plenty of other slang names, too (see below).
What does it mean when someone uses the🎊emoji?
It probably means that they are thinking about a confetti ball, which totally makes sense given that you just got this emoji in your text or DM.
What else can the🎊emoji symbolize? Does it have any hidden meanings?
There are definitely some hidden meanings for the 🎊 emoji. It can also mean they are looking at a confetti ball and know you'll appreciate it as a good inside joke.
Does the🎊emoji appear on any lists?
How do I copy and paste the🎊emoji?
Select this – 🎊 – with your cursor and copy!
Is the 🎊 emoji an ideogram?
Definitely. Why wouldn't it be? It's an official emoji.


Your position:Home > News
Baking-free brick machine investment is booming in China
Baking-free brick machine, be capable of producing the products divided into baking-free brick, hollow brick, standard brick or block is widely used in new type wall buildings. Baking-free brick features cannot be achieved by any other wall bricks in that baking-free brick uses reasonable scientific formula and join into coagulate agent and trace chemical additive according to certain proportion. As a result, the degree of granularity, moisture mixed with reasonable reinforcement processing equipment technology bring the best plastic state after the high pressure molding and rapid hardening make brick.The longer, the better the results will be.
Compared with the traditional red brick, baking-free brick has many advantages as follows:
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Baking-free brick without natural maintenance will greatly improve the work efficiency and increase our output so as to raise our profit, which makes baking-free brick machine more prevailing in different building site.
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text:
Theorem. Let $G$ be a finite, non-abelian $p$-group all of whose proper subgroups are abelian. Then $|G'|=p$.
Take a counterexample of minimal order. Assume that exist a $H$ such that $1

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Marcel Dassault: Founder of Dassault Aviation and Father of the Mirage
Marcel Dassault survived two world wars and a German concentration camp to go on to produce some of the world's most iconic aircraft.
Marcel Dassault: Founder of Dassault Aviation and Father of the Mirage
Marcel Dassault Riadismet/Wikimedia Commons
Marcel Dassault, formerly Marcel Bloch, was a French electrical engineer and aircraft industrialist whose companies were responsible for some of the most iconic aircraft of the 20th Century. The youngest of four children to his doctor father Marcel would quickly show a deep interest in technological innovation. He would have a very keen interest in electricity in particular.
Marcel would later recall the moment he saw his first airplane. "One sunny day in the school playground, I looked up at the sky and saw the Count of Lambert's Wilbur Wright passing the Eiffel tower for the first time. I had never seen a plane before. There and then, I knew that aviation had become a part of my heart and thoughts".
Marcel Dassault would spend the First World War designed a revolutionary type of propeller and risked death at the hands of the German's during the Second World War. His defiance would see him interned at a Nazi concentration camp where he would almost die. Despite his poor health after the war, Marcel would go on to build one of the world's most successful aircraft manufacturers. Dassault Aviation, as they now know, built some of the world's most iconic jet fighters of the post-war era. The Dassault Mirage is one of the most unique and well-loved planes aircraft enthusiasts the world over.
Marcel would later die in 1986 and received many tributes from around the world. He even had a roundabout in Paris named after him. Not many can claim that honor.
Marcel Dassault's Early Life
Marcel Dussault was born Marcel Bloch on the 22nd January 1892. Bloch was born in Paris to his Jewish parents, Adolphe and Neomi Allatini Bloch, and he was the youngest of his parents' four children. Marcel would later be educated at the Lycee Condorcet in Paris. Later he would study Electrical Engineering and later attend Breguet School of Engineering. He would, soon after, study at the Supérieure d'Aéronautique, a school of aviation, where he graduated in 1913. Interestingly whilst attending the later, Bloch was a classmate with one Mikhail Gurevich. Mikail would later be incredibly important in the later Russian development of the MiG series of aircraft.
With the outbreak of World War in 1914 Marcel would lend his talents to France's aviation industry. Bloch used his acquired engineering skills from his time at Chalais Meudon Aeronautical Laboratory to develop a propeller called the Eclair in 1916. He also designed a twin-seater fighter, the SEA 4 in 1918 whilst working alongside Henry Potex and Louis Coroller.
Marcel Dassault: Founder of Dassault Aviation and Father of the Mirage
Spad VII sporting an Eclair propeller. Source: Dassault Aviation
Marcel Bloch married Madeleine Minckes in 1919. She was the daughter of a wealthy Jewish family of furniture dealers. The couple would later have two sons, Claude and Serge. His post-war days were spent dabbling in real estate as well as cars throughout the 1920's. During the 1930's Marcel would begin to move back towards aviation and began assembling a new team for this purpose.
Interwar years
Dassault would later remember that occasion, in his own words: "One day – or indeed I should say one evening – I was at Le Bourget airport and saw Lindbergh land the Spirit of Saint Louis after flying over the Atlantic. I understood something had changed in aviation, and that civil aviation would be born. Wilbur Wright's plane first drew me to aviation. The Spirit of Saint Louis brought me back."
In 1928, Marcel would found the Société des Avions Marcel Bloch aircraft company which produced its first aircraft in 1930. In 1935 Bloch and Henry Potez signed an agreement to buy the Bordeaux based aircraft manufacturing company Société Aérienne Bordelaise (SAB). When the leftist Front Populaire was elected to power in France in 1936 his company's were all nationalized. All company's assets, plants, and design departments were integrated into the Société Nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest (SNCASO) of where he was appointed managing director.
In December of the same year, Marcel created the Société Anonyme des Avions Marcel Bloch (SAAMB). This organization was founded to manage the license fees of the Bloch planes studied before the nationalization and build engines rather than propellers. It would later be renamed Dassault Aviation post Second World War.
Second World War
In 1939 Bloch's planes were used to defend the skies of France until the countries capitulation in 1940. During the Nazi occupations of France, the country's aviation industry was, more or less, abandoned. Compulsory manufacture was the only regular aviation fabrication activity taking place but was limited to assembling and servicing of German parts.
Marcel Bloch would later refuse to collaborate with the Nazi's after the invasion. This defiance led to his arrest and incarceration in Montluc Fort, Lyons. He was joined by his wife and children at the behest of the Vichy Government in France. Being Jewish, he was later sent to Drancy concentration camp before spending another 8 months in Buchenwald in 1944 to the end of the war.
Here he was badly tortured and beaten and often held in solitary confinement. During his time at the concentration camps, his wife was interned near Paris. Bloch remained in Buchenwald until its liberation by Allied Forces in April of 1945. His mistreatment in the camps would leave him so badly crippled he could hardly walk. He was advised by doctors to settle his affairs. They did not expect him to survive, let alone recover.
Marcel Dassault: Founder of Dassault Aviation and Father of the Mirage
Marcel Bloch prior to deportation. Source: Dassault Aviation
The Bloch Eclair Propeller
Marcel Bloch, after coordinating the construction of the Caudron G3 was assigned to Farman aircraft flight test duties in Buc. "My job was to fly with the pilots and then write a report on the performance and flying qualities of each aircraft", recalled Marcel. "This led me to perform many flights as captain to check the climb times and handling of each aircraft."
Marcel would spend his spare time working on ways to improve the Caudron G3's propeller. He had noticed that the current one was not particularly efficient. Marcel has some ideas for a new design but needed a way to build one. To this end, he thought of his friend Marcel Minckes whose father was a furniture manufacturer in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine in Paris. Bloch propositioned Minckes father about potentially making his new propeller, thankfully he agreed.
Dassault would later recall of his friend's father: "[He] liked people who were bold and enterprising. So he placed at my disposal a cabinetmaker and a few lengths of walnut." With a means of production secured, Marcel Bloch personally supervised the work. "I prepared a drawing of my propeller, and I outlined the different sections, which enabled the craftsman to make the templates. I stayed at his side as he planed his propeller, in order to guide his hand towards the harmonious lines."
The Eclair goes into production
Once complete the propeller was tested at Buc by one of the Bleriot pilots. After testing was successfully completed it was presented for official testing at Villacoublay. "This propeller was recognized as the best and the furniture manufacturer who had built it under my direction [Hirch Minckès] received an initial order for 50 propellers. The price of each one was 150 francs at the time. We had to give a name to our propeller; we chose 'Eclair'.
The Eclair propeller proved very popular for Allied aircraft and was selected for use on British Sopwith reconnaissance aircraft built under license in France, the Dorand AR and, above all, the Spad, particularly the Spad VII.
Post World War Two
Marcel Bloch was to be struck down by diphtheria after the war. Between 1945 and 1953 diphtheria left him paralyzed. Despite this, he continued in his work resuming his aeronautical machinations after the war. Marcel, in an attempt to put the recent horrible past to one side, he decided to change the family name. He chose Bloch-Dassault as it was his brother's alias that he used in the French resistance. The family's name was officially changed to simply Dassault in 1949. Dassault is derived from the French char d'assault, meaning battle tank.
As Dassault, Marcel converted to Roman Catholicism in 1950.
Also at around this time, Marcel decided to diversify his business ventures into newspapers. He was at the head of Semaine de France then Jours de France, for example. He also turned his


Information Security Defense In Depth Lessons (from a Bronze-Age Fort)
What can the Information Age learn about defense-in-depth from a 3,000-year-old Irish fort? Plenty.
Bronze-age Irish fortress Dun Aengus, courtesy Claire Cotter
In the summer of 2004, Internet guru Vint Cerf proclaimed that the Internet is moving from its Stone Age to its Iron Age. Soon after, Internet guru Paul Mockapetris slightly altered that sentiment and said that, at best, the Internet has reached a figurative Bronze Age, which filled the two millennia between the Stone and Iron Ages.
Still, the two gurus were making the same point: In no time, today's Net will be an antediluvian relic, replaced by an unimaginably advanced network that controls all communication everywhere. Cerf talked about connecting the Internet to other planets. Mockapetris told the BBC, "Ten years from now, we will look back at the Net and think, How could we have been so primitive?"
Primitive? Bronze Age? Well, not exactly. After digging a little—and talking to an archaeologist who dug a lot—we discovered that our ancestors from the literal Bronze Age were, in fact, quite sophisticated, at least when it comes to security. In many ways, their security philosophies and designs were smarter and more efficient than ours today.
To see a modern equivalent of the physical fort, read '19 ways to build physical security into your data center'
To prove it, we offer Dun Aengus, an awe-inspiring hill-fort on Inis Mor, one of the Aran Islands, off the west coast of Ireland. The fortified structure there dates to the Bronze Age, 3,000 years ago, and it was used at least up through the late medieval period, past the year 1000. We will examine features from the fort that were built at many stages of its working life—some as early as 1100 B.C. and others as late as the year 800. These features helped keep Dun Aengus both secure and productive for thousands of years. We also invite you to enjoy the site's magnificence—which is itself a security feature. (We'll explain.)
Irish archaeologist Claire Cotter led the most important digs at Dun Aengus and has graciously offered her knowledge from those efforts, as well as her knowledge of defensive structures in ancient fortifications in general. All photos in this article are courtesy of Claire Cotter.
If the Internet is primitive, then its security is prehistoric. Cerf's and Mockapetris's future visions of the Internet will rely on that changing. Read on to see what Bronze Age wisdom Dun Aengus can impart that will help security evolve in the Digital Age.
Reinforce Brute Defense at Most Strategic and Weakest Points The Inner Enclosure is the fort's most strategic locale. It housed elites and protected the most valuable goods, including amber, trading beads, and bronze. Cotter found bronze hoards cliffside in the inner enclosure. The upper classes buried these valuables—collections of swords, armor, rings and so forth—as offerings to the gods, but also to control the circulation of bronze, the most important currency, much the way the government controls money today.
Naturally, the walls protecting the Inner Enclosure were the strongest—up to 21 feet thick. Entrances are vulnerable too, so walls were thickened there. Also, an extra wall was erected on the west, where the outer wall was closest to the inner enclosure and therefore provided the shortest attack route. In other words, Dun Aengus's architects were assessing risk.
Picture's worth 1,000 words? Then you'll like The Illustrated Guide to Security, featuring dynamic visual presentation of a dozen critical security issues [CSO Insider registration required]
Yet research shows designing corporate networks based on risk management is still relatively rare today.
Open Your Perimeter Only When and Where Necessary. Dun Aengus ranges over 14 acres; if laid out in a straight line, its walls would stretch more than a mile. Yet Cotter says there would have been only one or two doorway openings in the walls. In terms of security, entrances are obviously weaknesses since they require the least effort to penetrate. Fewer portals meant fewer weak points, or, if you prefer, vulnerabilities.
Compare that to today, when many damaging worms succeed simply because ports, the virtual equivalent of doorways, are unnecessarily left open.
Chevaux-de-frise closeup, courtesy Claire Cotter
Practice Defense-in-Depth. Archaeologists have used the term defense-in-depth for decades to describe the obstacles erected to thwart attacks. At Dun Aengus, the most spectacular layer of defense was a band of chevaux-de-frise—upturned stones jutting in every direction that made passage by horses impossible and passage by foot unlikely—that completely surrounded the middle and inner enclosures. But it's instructive that this is just one of several kinds of defenses at the fort. [Chevaux-de-frise photo courtesy Clair Cotter.]
Viking marauders running up a hill to take a fort would have to survive a series of defenses, arrayed in sequence: berms, ditches, outer walls, chevaux-de-frise, more ditches, walls, pallisades (tall, spiky wooden fences) and more walls.
Infosecurity professionals practice some defense-in-depth, but a key lesson from Dun Aengus is the variety of defenses. Today, several firewalls might equal several layers of security, but that's only one kind of defense repeated. Bronze Age architects made sure different tools and skills would be required at every stop to slow down an attack and therefore improve the ability to counterattack.
Sometimes Security Must Trump Efficiency. Dun Aengus's location was highly inconvenient for people whose business was the business of survival. Fishing and trading (requiring access to boats) meant long trips down the sloped land, far from the protection of the fort (and then long trips back); the lack of a fresh water supply forced inhabitants to collect rainwater; metals and other raw materials used to make tools and weapons, or jewelry and other goods for trading, were mined far away and then transported to be forged or crafted locally.
Irish fort Dun Aengus illustrated defense-in-depth concepts
Why did they make it so hard on themselves? Security. It is, after all, part of the business of survival. The inconveniences of the site are offset by the security it creates (more cost-benefit risk management). The Aran Islands, Cotter says, required particular attention to security because they lay on the frontier between Connaught and Munster, and thus were prone to attack from both sides. Dun Aengus itself sits on Inis Mór's high ground, allowing for the longest sight lines for spotting potential invaders; it was built on the precipice of a 300-foot cliff, literally sheering off an important potential attack route. The hilly topography allowed terracing of walls so that the walls towered over people approaching from the outside but only reached the defenders' waists, allowing easy aiming and firing. "Always have the high ground," Cotter says. "It's actually a good rule for life."
In today's information world, security consistently loses to every conceivable efficiency or convenience. The high ground of the Internet—visibility beyond the perimeter—is rarely taken. Applications are built as rapidly as possible, shoved onto the network landscape wherever they fit, and secured only afterward, when vulnerabilities are discovered. In the Bronze Age, people could accept the sacrifice of some efficiency if it benefited security.
Build Secure Structures, Not Security Structures. "Dun Aengus would have been a center of Bronze Age life, a tribal capital," Cotter says. Seasonal rituals, important feasts, administrative tasks, forging, trading and any number of other daily activities all transpired inside the fort. Yes, sometimes security trumped efficiency, but security was not the application, rather one woven in with many others. So while the outer enclosure made attacking the fort harder, it also created a space for secure commerce, for cattle and sheep grazing, for forging bronze (and, later, iron), and for trading. The site also faces southwest so that, on a clear day, Cotter says, you can see 75 miles down the Irish coastline. That gives locals fair warning if marauders approach, but it also would allow elites to establish sovereignty over what was a primary trading highway.
Today we build software applications and then security software applications to wrap around them. Not only is this less efficient but it's also not as secure as stitching security into the main application, the way Dun Aengus had security woven into the fabric of what was essentially a small but active city.
Brandish Security. In its time, Dun Aengus's grandeur was a security feature. "You were making a statement to anyone who was thinking about attacking you that you had the best defense and attacking would not be in their best interest," says Cotter. She adds that as much as the defenses were meant to deter you, they were also an offensive, imperial impulse, "sort of like when American jets used to fly into Soviet airspace—because they could."
Companies today rarely brandish information security—perhaps because they have little confidence in it. But letting the world around you know some of the more aggressive steps you're taking to prevent attacks can be a powerful deterrent, especially in a world littered with less secure "forts." Invaders attack the less secure structure.
Barriers to easy entry: a narrow, hard-to-find portal requiring enemies to run uphill and clamber over a high threshold. Once inside, high, confining walls forced invaders to take a path


Recursive types
Can we express nat in terms of sums and products?
nat = [z: unit; s:?]
well, the s alternative carries a natural, so:
nat = [z: unit; s: nat]
This is a recursive type equation. In general, we have data structures with a regular structure that may grow to arbitrary size. Naturals, lists, trees, abstract syntax, derivations, etc. However, recursive types are hardly limited to standard conceptions of data structures. Once function or lazy types are involved, the range of expressible structure becomes far wider than what is possible with eager sums and products alone.
Type Isomorphisms
Directly equating nat and [z: unit; s: nat] can complicate both the metatheory and implementation of recursive types. So, instead of talking about equality, we will talk about isomorphism.
We can say two types are isomorphic if we have two functions
f: T1 -> T2
g: T2 -> T1
that are mutually inverses (that is, both for all x:T2, f(g x) = x and for all y:T1, g (f y) = y. That is, f o g is the identity on T2 and g o f is the identity function on T1.)
We introduce a new type operator mu to define recursive types that will satisfy equations of the type above up to isomorphism. For nat, we have:
nat = mu(t.[z: unit; s: t])
which means, "nat is the (infinite) type satisfying the isomorphism t ~= [z: unit; s: t]." Generally,
mu(t.T) ~= [mu(t.T)/t]T.
That is, the recursive type mu(t.T) is the solution the above isomorphism.
nat is one of the simplest and most basic recursive types. Here are a few more examples.
List of natural numbers (with nil and cons alternatives):
nat_list = mu(t.[n: unit; c: (nat * nat_list)])
Binary trees (with leaf and branch alternatives):
tree = mu(t.[l: unit; b: (nat * tree * tree)])
"Free" isomorphism
To witness the isomorphism induced by mu, we will introduce two corresponding constructs: fold(e) and unfold(e), which convert a term of recursive type back and forth between these two isomorphic types.
T ::= t | mu(t.T)
e ::= fold[t.T](e) | unfold(e)
Statics (rules 16.2a-b)
 G |- e : [mu(t.T)/t]T
 G |- fold[t.T](e) : mu(t.T)
 G |- e : mu(t.T)
 G | unfold(e) : [mu(t.T)/t]T
Dynamics (rules 16.3a-d)
 e val
 fold[t.T](e) val
 e -> e'
 fold[t.T](e) -> fold[t.T](e')
 e -> e'
 unfold(e) -> unfold(e')
 fold[t.T](e) val
 unfold(fold[t.T](e)) -> e
Key is last rule: elimination is inverse of introduction.
Type safety – standard.
Examples revisted:
z = fold(z.<>)
s(e) = fold(s.e)
ifz(e; e0; x.e1) => case unfold(e) {z._ -> e0 | s.x -> e1}
where underscore means "ignore".
List of nats:
nil = fold(n.<>)
cons(e1;e2) = fold(c.)
isnil = \(l:nat_list) case unfold(e) {n._ -> true | c._ -> false}
hd = \(l:nat_list) case unfold(l) {n._ -> z | c.x -> x.1}
tl = \(l:nat_list) case unfold(l) {n._ -> l | c.x -> x.2}
Note: we arbitrarily choose values for the error cases of hd and tl because we do not have exceptions.
The "hungry" function:
hungry = fix[H](f.fold(\(x:nat) f))
H =?
unfold(hungry)(3) =?
unfold(unfold(hungry)(3))(9) =?
H = mu(t.nat -> t)
unfold(hungry)(3) = hungry
unfold(unfold(hungry)(3))(9) = hungry
Recursive values from recursive types.
Aside: equi-recursive types
For brevity, we will now treat isomorphism implicitly, leaving out the explicit folding and unfolding. Here is a well-typed fixed-point combinator:
fix_T : (T -> T) -> T
fix_T = \(f : T -> T) (\(x : mu(t.t -> T)) f (x(x))) (\(x : mu(t.t -> T)) f (x(x)))
So, recursive types are enough to allow general recursion. Key point is that we can view the variable x in the self-application (x x) at two different (but isomorphic) types: mu(t.t -> T) -> T and mu(t.t -> T).
However, there's more: we can type the "untyped" lambda calculus with recursive types, from which the typability of the Y-combinator comes for free.
As Bob showed early on, the lambda calculus is built on this recursive type equation:
D ~= D -> D
As we've seen, D can be solved with a recursive type:
D = mu t.t -> t.
So, the lambda calculus has but one type: it is "uni-typed" rather than "untyped". We can translate terms from our previous syntax to a typed syntax as follows:
 x# = x
(\(x) e)# = fold(\(x:D) e#
 (e1 e2)# = unfold(e1#) (e2#)
As with HW1's SKI tasks, you can check that the translation is sound and complete. Put another way, that beta-reduction commutes with the translation. However, you'll notice that the typed version is rather heavy-weight because of the need to deal with all of the folding and unfolding. Of particular interest is the case of applicatoin wherein the unfold implicitly checks that e1 is in fact a function.
Which leads us to "dynamic typing"…


What does R/O mean on a medical document?
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text: This title is co-published with Oxford University Press. Long considered the most comprehensive account of electromagnetic theory and analytical methods for solving waveguide and cavity problems, this new Second Edition has been completely revised and thoroughly updated - approximately 40 per cent new material! Packed with examples and applications "Field theory of guided waves" provides solutions to a large number of practical structures of current interest. The book includes an exceptionally complete discussion of scalar and Dyadic Green functions. Both a valuable review and source of basic information on applied mathematical topics and a hands-on source for solution methods and techniques, this book belongs on the desk of all engineers working in microwave and antenna systems! It is sponsored by: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society.


text:
The word Santon comes from "santoùon", which means in Provençal "little saint". In Italy they are called "santoni", an abbreviated version of "Santi Belli", the beautiful saints. Using clay figurines to depict the Nativity Scene has a long tradition in Mediterranean countries. But the Provençal santons of the Nöel Crèche (Christmas Nativity scene) have a moving human touch: Rather than portraying the people of the Holy Land during the times Jesus lived, the characters are common folks of the Provence in 18th and 19th century clothes. They visit the Holy Family and bring presents.
The tradition goes back to the 13th century, perhaps earlier. It gained enormous importance in the small villages of the Provence during the French Revolution. It was a way to keep religion alive inside the home. These were the times when churches were pillaged and became stables, ammunition depots or were used for or grain storage. When the days of the week and the months were renamed. When priests were persecuted and any public display of religion had dire consequences. People in the Provence, at those times an impoverished backwater of France, tried to keep their faith and traditions as best as they could. Sunday service was held secretly in private homes and the Nöel Crèche, previously a privilege of rich people, gained special meaning during Christmas times. After The French Revolution times were harsh and seeking refuge in religion was one way to cope. No wonder santons became immensely popular and also more elaborate. This was the time when the Provence developed its own santon style. Whole Provençal village were recreated, including many of its inhabitants. It was good business for local craftsmen and in 1803 the first Nativity Fair was held in Marseille to sell santons. Soon there was another santons fair in Aubagne (12 km to the east of Marseille), and before long there were other santon fairs at a number of villages in the Provence. Competition was fierce and clever craftsmen soon developed custom made figurines, depicting their customer's families and friends honoring the Holy Family. The Marseille santons fair is held to this day, every Advent through Epiphany, on the Canebière in Marseille. And there are many regional santons fairs, some starting as early as November.
A typical santon scene has as its center piece the Holy Family, the Rois Mages (the Three Kings) and angels. Shepherds call Provençal villagers to honor the Holy Family. First the important notables of the village, the mayor and the parish priest. Then the craftsmen, such as the baker, the grocer, the butcher, the fromager (cheese vendor) and musicians. Depending on where the village is located there might be a vigneron (winegrower), a fisherman, a basket weaver and a potter. Then there are the common people of the village, rich and poor. The traditional santon scene includes musicians and dancers who dance the farandole with joined hands. So what's missing? The village animals of course, lots of them. The traditional ox and the ass, a part of any nativity scene, but in the Provençal Nöel Crèche there are also sheepdogs with bells under their necks, sheep, goats, rabbits, pigeons on the roof, and other barnyard animals. Anything else? Yes, let's not forget the ravi (sometimes called ravie). This is a man or woman throwing up the arms in delight, interpreted as being either a simpleton or simply a very happy person.
Nowadays Provençal santons are always made of clay. There are two types: santons d'argile (hand painted figurines) and santons habilles (figurines dressed in cloth, craftsmen carry their miniature implements, such as baskets, fishing nets etc.). Santons d'argile come in 6 sizes, from 1 inch to 6 inches tall. Santons habilles range from 6 inches to 18 inches tall. The figurines are created from molds, from which up to 1,000 copies can be made. They are fired in kilns for roughly 48 hours at 900 C (1,650 F). After the base coat is put on, the figurines are hand painted, color after color is put on with times in between so the color can dry. Hence the price - this is a skilled artisan's work. Go and see for yourself.
So here are a number of workshops with adjacent stores we recommend. On most of these workshops you can visit the atelier and watch the different stages of the creation of santons.
Santons Fouque 65, cours Gambetta, Aix en Provence,Tel: 04 42 26 33 38
Santons Cavasse Villa Mireille, 32, Avenue Jean Moulin, 13100 Aix en Provence,
Tel: 04 42 21 16 62
Santons Richard 955, Chemin Bouenhoure Haut, 13090 Aix en Provence,
Tel : 04 42 20 10 15
Santons Jouve: 2, Allée du Capricorne, 13080 Luynes, Tel : 04 42 24 01 40
Santons Didier 41 rue Léon Bourgeois, 13001 Marseille, Tel: 04 91 64 72 92
Santons Marcel Carbonel 49, Rue Neuve Sainte Catherine, 13007 Marseille,
Tel: 04 91 13 61 36
Santons Escoffier1 44 Rue du Vallat, Les Paluds, 13782 Aubagne Tel: 04 42 70 14 32


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It's called the Salt and Ice Challenge.
The game is played by putting salt on the skin, pressing ice on top of it and holding it in place until the ice melts or until the pain becomes too severe.
Numerous people have posted youtube videos of themselves participating in the challenge, which experts say can cause severe burns to the skin, similar to frostbite.
Officials at Pennsylvania's Phoenixville Middle School became concerned after they say they heard students talking about the game.
They quickly took action and sent a letter warning parents.
"Our goal is to provide you with this information in order to facilitate open communication at home to ensure the safety of our students," said Dr. Frank Garritano of the Phoenixville School District.


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To satisfy the increasing demand for high speed data transmission, network technology has been developed rapidly, from Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet to 10G, 40G, and even 100G Ethernet. And we know that 40G network technology has been widely applied for a long time. But now, the time of 100G is coming. Though for many data centers, 40G is enough for them now, the pace of development is unpredictable. In addition, some data centers have been already migrated to 100G and a range of 100G fiber optic transceivers are available on the market, among which 100G QSFP28 transceivers are considered to be the preference choice. This article will focus on 100G QSFP28 transceiver and help you choose a suitable 100G transceiver for your network deployment. First, let's come to the basic knowledge of four 100G QSFP28 transceiver types.
100G-SR4 transceiver offers four independent full-duplex transmit and receiver channels, each capable of running up to 25Gpbs data rate per channel. Like 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver, 100G-SR4 transceiver is structured with 12 fiber MPO connector interface and it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 70 meters over OM3 and 100 meters over OM4.
100GBASE-PSM4 is defined by MSA and it uses four independent parallel lanes for each signal direction, with each lane carrying 25G data transmission. Terminated with 12 fiber MPO connector interface, it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 500 meters over single-mode fiber.
100GBASE-CWDM4 transceiver complies with the requirement of CWDM4 MSA. Based on CWDM technology, the 100GBASE-CWDM4 transceiver uses four lanes of 25Gbps. On the transmit side, the four 25G optical signals are multiplexed while on the receive side, the four 25G optical signals are de-multiplexed. Terminated with duplex LC interface, it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 2 kilometers over single-mode fiber.
100G-LR4 transceiver uses the WDM technologies for four 25G lanes transmission and the four 25G optical signals are being transmitted over four different wavelengths. Like 40G-LR4 QSFP+ transceiver, the 100G-LR4 transceiver has duplex LC interface and it can support 100G dual-way data transmission with link length up to 10 kilometers over single-mode fiber.
From the above content, we can easily find that among four types of 100G QSFP28 transceivers, there are not only differences but also similarities. For example, 100G-SR4 and 100GBASE-PSM4 are with MTP/MPO interface, while 100G-CWDM4 and 100G-LR4 are with LC interface; 100G-SR4 is suitable for for short distance over multimode fiber, while 100GBASE-PSM4 QSFP28, 100G-CWDM4 and 100G-LR4 are suitable for long distance over single-mode fiber. Which one to choose depends on your specific requirements for network deployment. To better distinguish these four 100G transceiver types, here is a table for you.
100G QSFP28 transceiver is designed for high port density with small compact size and low power consumption. As 100G Ethernet is an inevitable trend, 100G QSFP28 transceiver is the key for 100G migration. Therefore, it is necessary to have a basic knowledge about 100G QSFP28 transceiver. Apart from this, before you carry out your network deployment, choosing a suitable transceiver is essential. All four 100G QSFP28 transceiver types mentioned in this article can be found in FS.COM. If you want to know more details, please visit our site.
Related article: Cabling Solutions for 100G QSFP28 Transceiver


Sun Java System Access Manager 7.1 Administration Reference
ProcedureTo Add a New Client
 1. Click New in the Client Type list.
 2. Select the device type with the following fields:
 Displays the base style for the device. For example, HTML.
 Device User Agent
 Accepts the name for the device.
 3. Click Next.
 4. Enter the following information for the new device:
 Client Type Name
 Accepts the name for the device. The name must be unique across all devices
 The HTTP User String
 Defines the User-Agent in the HTTP request header. For example, Mozilla/4.0.
 5. Click Finish.
 6. To duplicate a device and its properties, click the Duplicate link. Device names must unique. By default, Access Manager will rename the device to copy_of_devicename.


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Changing your Password
For Email, Office 365 Turnitin, Computer Lab or Moodle Password
Before you can change your main password, you MUST have registered with the password recovery system first.
To reset or change your password, go to _URL_. Sign in or if you cannot remember your password, choose to reset it.
SMP password change
Your SMP password is separate to all other passwords. Use the Forgotten Password link on the SMP website if you have forgotten it.
Turnitin password change
Click here to change your Turnitin Password.
When your password has expired, this means you must change it. Either log into a computer in the Computer Lab, and it will make you change your password, or login to office.com and change your password from there. When your password is expired, you will have to change it.
When possible, we highly suggest using different passwords for different portals. Someone who knows your internet password can access your email and use your printing credit. Now if you use the same password for social networking, this is a security problem. Always use a different password for you social networking sites, such as Facebook, or Twitter.
For Internet access, the Computer Lab, Moodle and HCHE Email, they all use the same password. This password is reset, either by logging into the Computer Lab (and pressing Ctrl Alt Del keys), or using the password change link above.
Turnitin uses a separate password to all other portals. Unless you have used the same password as other sites, this password will be different. You must change the password from their site. See the link above.
SMP uses a separate password to all other portals. Like Turnitin, unless you have used the same password as other sites, this password will be different. You must change the password from their site. See the link above.
Your username for internet, the Computer Lab and Moodle is always just the username part, without the _USER_.ac.za section. For example, smmithj or khhumaloh
Creating a Safe Password:
The safest passwords are 12 or more characters in length, and include a mixture of:
- Symbols (eg, % or $ or #, etc),
- Numbers (1 or 2 or 6, etc),
- Lower case letters (u or s or t, etc),
- Upper case Letters (U or S or T, etc).
You can create short sentences like: I Love to eat apples. Then turn that into a password, such as: IL0v3.t0E@tApples
The mere fact that a password is 12 or more characters in length, makes is practically impossible to hack by common brute force password cracking software. This means you would not need to add many special characters to make it more complicated.
Please see the video below on creating a safe password:


Question: Why Did Swaziland Become ESwatini?
How Old Is Swaziland?
110 000 yearsArchaeologists have found human remains in eastern Swaziland that have been dated to be 110 000 years old, but these were not the ancestors of the Swazi.
The Swazi fled from their original home to the Pongola River valley in KwaZulu Natal in the nineteenth century as a result of internal pressure..
Why did Swaziland want independence?
In 1879, the same year as the Zulu war, Mbandzeni aided the British who were now controlling the Transvaal to defeat Sekhukhune and to dismantle his kingdom. In return for his assistance, Swaziland's independence was to be guaranteed perpetually and Swaziland would be protected from Boer and Zulu encroachment.
Why is Swaziland not part of South Africa?
Why are the independent countries Swaziland and Lesotho not part of the Republic of South Africa? … It was intended to be included in the Union of South Africa in 1910, but this was so opposed by the Basuto people, and it remained a protectorate, along with Bechuanaland (now Botswana) and Swaziland.
What is Swaziland known for?
The country is known for its game reserves, the Mlawula Nature Reserve and the Hlane Royal National Park with diverse wildlife including lions, hippos and elephants. Swaziland has a population of 1.4 million people (est. 2015), national capitals are Mbabane, and Lobamba.
Is Swaziland the poorest country?
Swaziland has a poverty rate of 69.2 percent. Swaziland also has an AIDS prevalence rate of 25.9 percent, which is the highest in the world. This country also has an extremely low life expectancy, 48 years.
What did Swaziland used to be called?
Kingdom of EswatiniAfter the Second Boer War, the kingdom, under the name of Swaziland, was a British protectorate from 1903 until it regained its independence on 6 September 1968. In April 2018, the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini, mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi.


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Slips (or Lapses)
One of two categories of error in addition to "mistakes". Unlike mistakes, slips are failures of schematic behaviors, or lapses in concentration. Slips occur in the face of competing sensory or emotional distractions, fatigue, and stress, Reducing the risk of slips requires attention to the design of protocols, devices, and work environment conditions, removing unnecessary variation in the design of key devices, eliminating distractions from areas where work requires intense concentration, and other redesign strategies. Historically, all errors including slips have been treated as mistakes resulting in remedial training or increased supervision.


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Definition of circumcisers
plural of circumciser 1
The word "circumcisers" uses 12 letters: C C C E I I M R R S S U.
No direct anagrams for circumcisers found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after circumcisers (in bold), or to ccceiimrrssu in any order:
b - circumscribes
Words within circumcisers
not shown as it has more than seven letters.
List all words starting with circumcisers, words containing circumcisers or words ending with circumcisers
All words formed from circumcisers by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ci ir rc cu um mc ci is se er rs
Browse words starting with circumcisers by next letter
Previous word in list: circumciser
Next word in list: circumcises
Some random words: veal


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Tom from CA asks:
When saving a picture, Windows always calls it a bitmap. How can I change it so it saves as a jpeg?
The real question here isn't how your computer is SAVING the picture, rather in what format the picture was UPLOADED.
Many times, website creators will use.bmp rather than.jpg or.jpeg, simply because the quality of the picture is higher. A bitmap (.bmp) is an uncompressed photo, whereas a jpeg is a compressed format, which means some quality sacrifice. It may not be obvious to the naked eye, but it IS there.
Your best bet is to save a picture like this in its original format and then use a photo editing program to save it in whatever your preferred format is. I like jpeg because, although it takes up less space than.bmp, it is still a good quality image.
Here's a.bmp of a mandrill that I found through Google images.
My options for saving this are.bmp or "all files". The latter isn't recommended, because you are not specifically defining an extension.
Once you've saved the image, open it in your photo editor. In this example, I'm using Paint, because I know that everyone has Paint.
When you open the image, it will look like this.
You can use the tools at the left of the image to tweak or modify the picture however you want. Above the image you can see your color palette. Now you simply click "file" and then "save as" to choose your format of choice.
Another way to save a picture is to use screen capture. To do this, make sure that your image looks the way that you will want to save it (no pointers over the picture, etc.,) and then, while holding down the "ctrl" key, press "print screen/sysrq" on your keyboard. This will save the entire contents of your screen as an image on your computer's clipboard.
Open Paint, and click "edit" and then "paste" to import the image. Use the "select" function (the box at the upper left of your toolbar) to frame the section of the image that you want to save.
Click "image" and then "crop" to get rid of any extraneous information, and then use "save as" to save your new and improved image.
Hope this helps.


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The following article explains how to identify the C.R.O. and the T.R.N. codes:
- What are they and how do I identify them?
- When do I have to communicate them to Aruba?
- How do I get them?
What are they and how do I identify them?
They are codes required by Aruba in order to process payments made by bank transfer.
- The C.R.O. (Transaction Reference Code) is a code with 11 digits;
- The TRN (Transaction Reference Number) is a sequence of 30 alphanumeric characters.
When do I have to communicate them to Aruba?
- You should request these codes directly from your bank if Aruba requires them; otherwise the payment will be made automatically by bank transfer;
- The payment will be credited within 2 - 3 working days from the date of payment.
How do I get them?
The C.R.O. and T.R.N. codes are given directly by your bank and, if one of them is not indicated.


While taking part in an event, every competitor sees themselves as winners. They are usually ready to go the extra mile to see themselves getting the victory crown. The secret to being a winner, in every competition, is how one prepares. The following are some tips for successful preparation for cycling races.
Get Enough Rest
While preparing for a contest, one may be tempted to overdo the training. Most cyclists think that doing extra training increases their chances of winning. This concept is not always accurate and may cause more harm than good. The human body requires some time to rest, and repair the broken tissues caused by vigorous training. Thus, taking some time to relax is important while practising.
Have Enough Financial Support
When a cyclist decides to take part in a race, they should be financially prepared. They should know who is going to fund their race from the start to the end. This preparation is essential since it determines how far one will go. Among the most important financial needs, is the purchase of the cycling attire, and paying for the trips. A poorly calculated financial plan can lead to sabotage of the entire race to a rider.
Be Mentally Prepared
Some challenges are obvious in sports competitions, while others are unseen. A cyclist should remain mentally prepared, in case anything they had not planned, does happen. This preparation is important, as it helps them to carry on with the race to the end. Some occurrences can be devastating, but with proper mental preparation, it becomes easy to get through it.
Do Enough Practice
Enough practice does not mean overdoing, or under doing one's training. It means taking the recommended time and distance in a day. Being underprepared may lead to panic for the cyclist. That panic can then affect the overall performance of a cyclist.
On the other hand, overdoing the training can be more damaging. It causes anxiety and fatigue, which may cause a cyclist not able to make it to the competition. Therefore, moderation is the key to successful practising.
Seek Professional Assistance
While undertaking cycling practice, it is essential to involve the eye of a professional. Such professional help can spot one's weaknesses. Through this, a cyclist improves their cycling and seals any loophole that may be present. Professional assistance helps one in finding tricks, they would not have realised while alone. An expert is also a confidant in such issues, and one can share what is bothering them in their careers. This sharing helps in reducing stress and tension in a cyclist.
Involve Passion
Passion is a driving factor in any career. It helps one to keep moving, even when they fail to meet their expectations. Being passionate while practising for these races, is a way of self-belief. It is what keeps burning inside when everything else fails. One should not expect to get passion from someone else. If they lack passion, it is a clear indication that cycling is not their area. It becomes high time for them to consider trying another profession, where they are likely to be passionate.
Above all, patience is an essential factor to consider. Training is always tough, and on most occasions, the results are contrary to the expectations. One should keep in mind, that first attempts are not always successful.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have the following triggers on my users table which copies the value to email field from name field.
CREATE TRIGGER copy_name_on_insert BEFORE INSERT ON users
 SET NEW.email = NEW.name;
CREATE TRIGGER copy_name_on_update BEFORE UPDATE ON users
 SET NEW.email = NEW.name;
This trigger is working fine in local env, but in production its going into an infinite loop. Does anyone have any idea about this behaviour?
Local and Production envs are running mysql 5.5.
share|improve this question
how is that possible? the only way is that you have infinite record which I don't think you have, or that the trigger is calling itself (recursive function) and the number of recursive call is in max_sp_recursion_depth that's not infinite. – jcho360 Jun 1 '12 at 18:56
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Got this answer from our DBA.
So, this was not a recursion bug (though the error message was really bad, and looked like one). Rather, it was a memory complexity problem.
Basically, each statement must run in a limited memory space (128K in this case). While most statements fit in far less than this space, it appears that this trigger has considerably greater memory requirements.
The reason that this worked in testing is that the tests attempted were not large enough. (And the testing server likely had more memory allocated to it)
As an example, this worked in testing:
UPDATE users SET name="_EMAIL_" WHERE id=1234;
But what really runs in production is:
update users set full_name='Jason H', attr1='abc1', attr2='abc', attr3='adad'.... where id=1917;
Basically, the java/hibernate system is UPDATEing every single field... for some reason. This is pretty silly, and hibernate probably should be doing less.
The considerably greater complexity of the real query pushed it over the memory limits in production.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Ice Melting Kit
 - Beschrijving
De truuk op tv bij Uri Geller!
A striking demonstration. Place an ice cube on each of these two identical looking black blocks at room temperature. One ice cube instantly begins to melt and is totally gone in about 90 seconds. The other ice cube shows no evidence of melting whatsoever. Great for showing the difference in heat conductivity in different materials. This demo is simple enough for elementary students, yet of just as much interest to high school students and educators. Set of two blocks.


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Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by Which Person?
The Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by __ and the subject was ____
- Motilal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru: India's relationship with the British Empire
- Jawaharlal Nehru; Local Self-Government in India
- Motilal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
- Jawaharlal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
Motilal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
The Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by Motilal Nehru and the subject was Constitutional arrangements in India.
The Nehru report contained the following essential provisions
- India should be given the status of dominion.
- The citizens shall be protected under a Bill of Rights. All powers of the government are derived from the people.
- There shall be no state religion.
- Indian shall enjoy the status of a dominion within the British Empire.
- There shall be federal from of government with residual powers vested in the center.
- There shall be a parliamentary form of government with a Prime Minister and Six ministers appointed by the Governor General.
- There Shall be bicameral legislature.
- There will be no separate electorate.
- The draft report also defined the citizenship and fundamental rights.
- Hindi should be made the official language of India.
- Reservation of Muslim seats could be possible in the provinces where Muslim population was at least ten percent, but this was to be in strict proportion to the size of the community.
- Muslim should enjoy one-fourth representation in the Central Legislature.


Announcing the 18th annual Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festivasl, April 6-12, 2015
Environments inhabited by animals, plants, organisms, minerals, fungi, bacteria. Terrains, waters, atmospheres defined by layers, relationships, and complexities surrounding the human and the nonhuman. Ecological systems offering sustenance and life. Territories sculpted by the small and the local: havens, dwellings, abodes, sites.
Habitus extends habitats: cultures anchored in bodies, groups, nations, habits, skills, styles, tastes. Through everyday life and historical memory, habitus spawns values and expectations. Habitats and Habitus: generative havens, dynamic environments, sustaining locales.
But while habitat often implies stability, sustenance, and a natural order, conflicts and contradictions pervade actual habitats. As competing organisms and species vie for niches, a habitat's appearance of coherence can be illusory, disguising violence.
As habitats evolve from internal dynamics and external challenges, boundaries unhinge in constant flux. And how do we mark the borders of a habitat or habitus? Are cities habitats? Parks? Farms? Neighborhoods? Skyscrapers? Museums? Universities? Shopping malls? War zones? Prisons? Databases? Server farms? Phone apps? Concert halls? Film festivals?
Funding for the 2015 Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival is provided by Ithaca College, the major presenting sponsor, and the generosity of other outside funders.


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Thomas ArcherArticle Free Pass
Thomas Archer, (born c. 1668—died May 23, 1743, Whitehall, London, Eng.), British architect and practitioner of what was, for England, an extraordinarily extravagant Baroque style, marked by lavish curves, large scale, and bold detail.
Archer, the son of a Warwickshire squire, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, and then spent four years abroad. After receiving several lucrative royal appointments, he bought the manor of Hale, Hampshire, in 1715 and rebuilt the house and church.
Archer's dynamic work borrowed much from the 17th-century Italian architects Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini. Although he was not as original as some of the prominent English architects of his time, he was considered important. Most of his designs were executed from 1705 to 1715, including the north front of Chatsworth House (c. 1705) in Derbyshire, Heythrop House (1707–10) in Oxfordshire, a garden pavilion at Wrest Park (1709–11) in Bedfordshire, Roehampton House (c. 1712) in Surrey (now in Wandsworth, London), and the churches of St. Philip (c. 1710–15) in Birmingham, St. Paul (1712–30) in Deptford, and St. John (1713–28) in Westminster. The last two resulted from his appointment in 1711 as a commissioner for the building of 50 new churches.
What made you want to look up "Thomas Archer"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
Definitions of indication:
- noun: something (as a course of action) that is indicated as expedient or necessary
Example: "There were indications that it was time to leave"
- noun: something that serves to indicate or suggest
Example: "An indication of foul play"
- noun: (medicine) a reason to prescribe a drug or perform a procedure
Example: "The presence of bacterial infection was an indication for the use of antibiotics"
- noun: the act of indicating or pointing out by name
- noun: a datum about some physical state that is presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument
Example: "The barometer gave clear indications of an approaching storm"
Search for indication at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


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[Pabst Blue Ribbon] was originally named Select, but people kept asking for the "Blue Ribbon" beer when Pabst brewing started tying blue-silk ribbons to the bottles in 1882. "Blue Ribbon" became part of the name in 1895.
Pabst also put beer in cans for the first time in 1934 and called it Export when sold by can. The can included a picture of a can opener on the side with instructions on how to open the can, obviously with a can opener.
Pabst painted cans olive drab in World War II, and all canned beer went to the military. Pabst wasn't sold to civilians in cans during the war because of tin rationing.
After reading that I decided to hit up Wikipedia to what they might have. Of course, since Wikipedia is awesome, it had the details from the column I quote above and some more:
- The practice of tying the blue ribbon to the bottle lasted from 1882 to 1916.
- Pabst started using caps on bottles instead of corks in 1906.
- Not only did Pabst start canning beer in 1934 (Wikipedia lists 1935), but they were the first brewery to do so.


text:
EVERYONE CAN COLOR A MOTH!
- Print and color any moth you like from the book which you can find at this link.
- You can use a moth guide book (Click here for suggested books) to color the moth whose name is shown or make up your own name with your own colors.
If you want your colored moth to be featured on our website:
- Be sure to write your own name (first name is OK), your age, your town and country on the colored page
- Scan or take a photo of your picture
- Email your picture to us as an attachment in jpg format at info @ nationalmothweek.org


Ammonia vs. Bleach – The Difference Between
What is the difference between ammonia and bleach?
Ammonia and bleach are both cheap and effective cleaners. They are not the same, but few people really know the differences between them. Most expensive cleaners use either ammonia or bleach, so this will tell you that they are different chemicals. Both must be diluted with water in order to use safely, but it is important that you know the difference between them.
On the periodic table of elements, ammonia is known as NH3. This means that it contains 1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen. In industry, ammonia can be produced by forcefully combining these four atoms, but it does exist in its natural state in the environment. It is formed when organic material decomposes.
Ammonia can be used to clean any surface without harming the color of the surface. In everyday use, it is one of the best cleaners you can use for tiles and hard surfaces.
Bleach is a very common cleaner used to take stains off fabrics and can even be used on dishes. You must dilute bleach in order to use it because it can burn the skin. Oxidizing bleach is often used to lighten the colors of clothing and fabrics. It does this by breaking down the chemical bonds that form the color. You can make your own bleach by combining chlorine, caustic soda and water. Because of its ingredients and strength, it is commonly used as a disinfectant.
 - Ammonia and bleach are inexpensive cleaners to use in the home, especially on surfaces and items that are hard to clean.
 - They must be diluted in water before you can use them safely.
 - You cannot mix the two together because the combination produces an odor that is highly toxic.
 - Bleach can be used on white fabrics, but you must be careful with colored fabrics because it will take out or lighten the color.
 - Ammonia does not affect the color of any item.
 - Ammonia is made up of 1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen.
 - Ammonia can exist in nature.
 - Bleach is made from chlorine, caustic soda and water.


C# Length Function in ASP.Net
C# String Length function returns the total number of characters in the specified string. C# length function proves itself as very useful one when it is used with some other C# string functions such as remove or insert. You can apply a simple logic for that for example to remove last 2 character from the string just pass "object.Length - 2" as start index parameter of the C# Remove string function. Try the sample below:
Enter String:


Owl Class - Stone Age Cave Art
18th September 2020
Owl Class have been getting creative and replicating 'Stone Age Cave Art'. They looked at how people in prehistoric times would have communicated with each other and by drawing around their hands, made effective drawings using charcoal just like what was left behind in the caves. They talked about what each hand might represent. The results were very striking and showed various skills.


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Today is the day to no longer fear the word "zest." Why? It's simple. To zest a fruit means to scrape off the outer layer of fruits and use the scrapings to enhance the overall flavor of the dish.
The peels from fruits such as lemons, limes and oranges contain a very high amount of flavorful oils that, when used in small amounts, go a long way to add hints of citrus to a dish or baked good. By only using the colorful part (the zest) of the peel instead of the white bitter part (the pith), an intense citrus flavor will be added instead of bitterness.
Prior to zesting a citrus fruit, it is important that you scrub the fruit with soap and water and then pat it dry with a paper towel. Once these steps are completed, it's time to choose your zesting weapon. There are many tools that can be used to achieve a zest that incorporates beautifully into a dish to add amazing flavor. Typically, the tools listed below are most often used when a recipe calls for zest:
- Box Grater: When using a box grater, there are four different sides of the grater to choose from when deciding on how large of zest pieces you desire. It is usually best to add fine pieces of zest to recipes so be sure to use the side with the smallest holes.
- Microplane: When zesting with a microplane, rub the fruit in one direction against the blades. Be sure to turn the fruit as you zest so that the colored part (the zest) is removed and not the white part (the pith).
- Vegetable Peeler: This tool will result in strips of the zest instead of very fine pieces of zest.
- Zester: This tool makes long, thin strands of threadlike zest. When using this tool, simply scrape the blade along the outer side of the fruit and remove only the color part (the zest) and not the white part (the pith). Sometimes, it's a good idea to chop the strands with a knife to achieve finer portions of zest.
What tool do you usually use when a recipe calls for citrus zest?


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How do I change LANGUAGE?
To change LANGUAGE, please follow these steps:
- Tap the side-menu arrow, located halfway up the right-hand of the screen, so that the side-menu is brought into the display.
- At the top of the screen, you will notice 5 tabs, GLOBAL CHAT, CLAN CHAT, PRIVATE CHAT, INBOX & Cog Icon (Settings).
- Tap on the Cog Icon (Settings) tab.
- The screen should now display all of the options that you can adjust, with LANGUAGE at the top of the screen with a Left or Right arrow either side of the currently selected LANGUAGE.
- To change LANGUAGE, Tap the Left or Right arrows until your desired LANGUAGE is selected.


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a result. When working with the ROWS clause this must be taken into account.
Aggregates with RANGE
Lastly, adding the RANGE to the OVER clause allows you to create aggregates which go to the beginning or end of the partition. RANGE is commonly used with UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING which goes to the end of the partition and UNBOUNDED PRECEDING which goes to the beginning of the partition. One of the most common use would be to specify the rows from the beginning of the partition to the current row which allows for aggregations such as year to date.
In the example below, we are calculating the average order size over time to the current row. This could be a very effective in a trending report.
,AVG(OrderAmt) OVER (ORDER BY OrderID RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW) as AvgOrderAmt
order by OrderDate;
As you can see, the latest versions of OVER clause supports powerful yet simple aggregations which can help in a multitude of reporting and business solutions. Up next, the last blog in the series – Analytic Functions which are all new in SQL Server 2012.


Tag Archives: rocker drill
Baseball Drills for Pitching
The best drills for pitching are those with the aim of repetitive movements to improve balance and control when in a game situation. Drills can be to improve balance while also improving mechanics of the arm and throwing motion while also increasing velocity. Pitching involves a combination of mental and physical attributes that combine the tall and fall approach with and aggressive lunge like aggression toward the hitter and added hip rotation to torque the body in the direction of home plate.
The most popular drills for pitching include the "Rocker Drill", long toss, the towel drill, and the balanced T drill and the airplane drill.
Drills should be done repetitively to create muscle memory and further improve overall balance of the body when performing a pitching motion. If your youth pitcher is suffering from poor control this could be attributed to no releasing the ball far enough out front towards the hitter and "finishing" each pitch off completely.
If you find that your youth pitcher is experiencing arm or elbow issues this could be due to not fully rotating the hips toward the hitter after front foot strike thus causing the pitcher to throw up hill while leading the arm away from the direction of home plate. Another cause of arm issues is over rotation of the hips causing the throwing arm to throw across the youth pitchers body. This is normally cause from opening the shoulders to the hitter prematurely and not keeping the front elbow and shoulder perpendicular to the direction intended to be targeted.
rocker drill baseball
Having your youth pitcher perform throws from the balanced T position as shown above forces the pitcher to rotate the back hip toward the hitter thus causing the back foot to step over the imaginary plane and release the ball closer to the hitter. The aim for this drill is to incorporate as much of the body as possible into the throwing motion. The further the pitcher releases the ball towards the hitter the less reaction time the hitter has to make contact on the ball. The balanced T drill is a great tool for starting in an athletic balanced position.


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About John Morris Sheppard
John Morris Sheppard (May 28, 1875 – April 9, 1941) was a Democratic United States Congressman and United States Senator from Texas. He authored the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) and introduced it in the Senate, so that he is referred to as "the father of national Prohibition."
John Morris Sheppard was born in Morris County in east Texas, the oldest of seven children, to lawyer and later judge and United States Representative John Levi Sheppard and his wife the former Margaret Alice Eddins.
Through his mother Margaret, Morris was a direct descendent of Robert Morris (1734–1806) who had signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution.
Sheppard enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin in 1891 and received his B.A. degree from there in 1895, as well as his LL.B. from University of Texas School of Law in 1897. It was while enrolled at UT-Austin Law School that Sheppard became a member of the Methodist Church. He was also a close friend and classmate of future Governor of Texas Pat Neff and future U. S. Senator Tom Connally while at the University of Texas School of Law. In 1898, he received his LL.M. from Yale University.
He began practicing law with his father in Pittsburg, Texas and later Texarkana.
In 1902, Morris Sheppard was elected as a Democrat to replace his deceased father in the United States House of Representatives. He held a seat until his resignation in 1913, when he succeeded in his bid to fill a vacancy in the Senate.
Sheppard held his Senate seat until his death in Washington, D.C. in 1941, serving as Democratic whip between 1929 and 1933. Future U.S. President and then-representative Lyndon B. Johnson ran unsuccessfully for Sheppard's Senate seat in the special election called after Sheppard's death.
As Senator, Sheppard sponsored progressive reform legislation promoting rural credit programs, child labor laws, and antitrust laws. He was also an advocate of the Women's suffrage in the United States.
During his tenure, he was a vocal supporter of the temperance movement. He helped write the Webb-Kenyon Act (1913) to regulate the interstate shipment of alcoholic beverages, authored the Sheppard Bone-Dry Act (1916) to impose prohibition on the District of Columbia, introduced the Senate resolution for the Eighteenth Amendment establishing national prohibition, and helped write the Volstead Act which provided for its enforcement.
However, during the Prohibition era, a still that produced 130 gallons of moonshine per day was discovered on a Texas ranch that Sheppard owned.
Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921
Co-sponsored by Morris Sheppard and Horace Mann Towner, the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided Federal matching funds for services aimed to reduce maternal and infant mortality. The funding included: midwife training; visiting nurses for pregnant women and new mothers; distribution of nutrition and hygiene information; health clinics, doctors and nurses, for pregnant women, mothers and children.
Federal Credit Union Act of 1934
Senator Morris Sheppard and Congressman Wright Patman are considered the fathers of the Federal Credit Union Act of 1934. Sheppard was the act's author. The bill had stalled in the United States House of Representatives considerably shortening the time the Senate had to pass the final version. Rather than sending the bill to a Conference Committee, Sheppard asked the United States Senate to pass the bill unanimously without reading the bill or the amendments. The bill passed the Senate unanimously. The Morris Sheppard Credit Union in Texarkana, Texas carries the Senator's name, while the institution's local credit union chapter is named after Congressman Patman.
On December 1, 1909, Sheppard married Lucille Sanderson. The couple had three daughters. Sheppard and his wife were the grandparents of Connie Mack, III, Republican U.S. Senator from Florida, and great-grandparents of Connie Mack IV, Republican U.S. Representative from Florida. Other Sheppard grandsons were Democrat Richard Sheppard Arnold (1936–2004) and Republican Morris Sheppard "Buzz" Arnold (born 1941), federal appeals court judges in Arkansas. The federal courthouse in Little Rock is named in Judge Richard Arnold's honor. Judge Morris Arnold, a Republican, remains on the Eighth Circuit court under senior status.
Senator Morris died in office of a brain hemorrhage on April 9, 1941. He is interred at Hillcrest Cemetery in Texarkana, Texas.
The year following Sheppard's death, Lucille Sanderson Sheppard, married United States Senator from Texas, Tom Connally. Senator Connally also pre-deceased Lucille. When she died in 1980, she was buried with her first husband Morris Sheppard in Hillcrest Cemetery.


Le Landeron
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Le Landeron
Swiss le landeron 2.JPG
Coat of arms of Le Landeron
Coat of arms
Le Landeron is located in Switzerland
Le Landeron
Le Landeron
Coordinates: 47°3′N 7°4′E / 47.050°N 7.067°E / 47.050; 7.067Coordinates: 47°3′N 7°4′E / 47.050°N 7.067°E / 47.050; 7.067
Country Switzerland
Canton Neuchâtel
District Neuchâtel
 - Total 10.31 km2 (3.98 sq mi)
Elevation 434 m (1,424 ft)
Population (Dec 2013[2])
 - Total 4,513
 - Density 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Postal code 2525
SFOS number 6455
Localities Combes
Surrounded by Cressier, Enges, Gals (BE), La Neuveville (BE), Lignières
Twin towns Solothurn (Switzerland)
Website _URL_
SFSO statistics
Le Landeron is a municipality in the district of Neuchâtel in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel.
Model of the old town of Le Landeron
South gate of the town
Le Landeron is first mentioned about 1209 as Landiron.[3]
The first traces of human habitation near Le Landeron were the remains of a pottery workshop (961-957 BC) discovered on the banks of the Thielle. At Les Carougets there is a grave from the late Bronze Age, a Roman villa and traces of the foundations of huts from the Early Middle Ages. Furthermore, several Roman statuettes have been discovered, including Hercules, a rooster and what may be a peacock.[3]
Middle Ages[edit]
The name Le Landeron appears for the first time around 1209, as a place name mentioned in the fishing rights of the neighboring Benedictine monastery of St. Johannsen in Erlach. Since it was given as a place name, it appears that the area where the town now stands was not inhabited. The nearby houses were up in the Jura hills and were grouped under the name Nugerol. The area around what is now La Tour was once the site of a fortification, which was destroyed around 1309. The Duke of Austria forbade anyone to rebuilt the fortifications. On 1 September 1325, Rudolph IV of Neuchâtel bought the Le Landeron meadow in the Thielle valley. In 1328-29 he built a fortified town there. The town was founded to protect the eastern part of the county of Neuchâtel and to control the streets and waterways of the Jura foothills. Le Landeron took the old rights of Nugerol which were comparable to those of citizens of Neuchatel. In 1350 Count Louis of Neuchâtel officially recognized that these rights applied to the town. In 1373, the new mistress of the town, Varenne of Neuchâtel, granted it some additional rights and it became the capital of the Barony of Le Landeron. However, in 1424, the Barony came back under the direct rule of the Counts of Neuchatel. They retained the right to rule themselves as a mostly independent town. They had their own town banner and a town council in which the citizens of Cressier appointed a third of the members.[3]
Early modern age[edit]
In 1449 Le Landeron entered into a treaty with Solothurn that was to shape the religious affairs of the town. During the Protestant Reformation, the town's rulers were supported by Solothurn when they chose to remain by the old faith. Of all the neighboring municipalities, only Lignières converted to the Reformed faith in 1556. Since then, Le Landeron has stubbornly defended its religious particularity. The town remained loyal to Marie, the Duchess of Nemours during her conflicts with her step-daughter over the inheritance. After the extinction of her line in 1707, Le Landeron submitted to Frederick I, King of Prussia after he threatened military force.[3]
Modern Le Landeron[edit]
After the founding of the Republic of Neuchâtel in 1848, the towns of Le Landeron and Cressier began to separate. Then, in 1868, they separated completely and each town granted citizenship in town to all residents. During the 19th century the traditional farming and wine growing town began to change. The Jura water correction drained the surrounding swamps and opened up much of the valley to agriculture. In 1869-70 a train station was built and industry moved into the town. The first industries to settle in Le Landeron were parts suppliers for the watch industry. While the old town has preserved its compact and fortified appearance, many new homes were built on the Jura slopes. Because of the number of immigrants from Reformed areas into the town, they founded a Reformed parish in 1894. During the 20th century agriculture declined in importance (in 1910 there were 320 agriculture jobs while in 2000 it was only 45). Every year since 1973 one of the largest antiques markets in Switzerland (Fête de la brocante) is held in Le Landeron. In 1974, the town was connected to the A5 motorway. In 1991 one of the five secondary school regional centers of the Canton of Neuchâtel (Les Deux-Thielle) was opened in town. At the beginning of the 21st century it is a residential community with numerous, especially in the microtechnology industry, specialized small businesses and possessed the second-largest wine growing region in the canton.[3]
Le Landeron and Lake Biel
Le Landeron has an area, as of 2009, of 10.3 square kilometers (4.0 sq mi). Of this area, 4.07 km2 (1.57 sq mi) or 39.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.46 km2 (1.72 sq mi) or 43.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.56 km2 (0.60 sq mi) or 15.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.12 km2 (30 acres) or 1.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.05 km2 (12 acres) or 0.5% is unproductive land.[4]
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 7.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.7%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.0%. Out of the forested land, 41.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 18.5% is used for growing crops and 13.0% is pastures, while 8.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[4]
The municipality is located in the Neuchâtel district, on a rocky moraine island in the middle of the swampy Thielle valley near Lake Biel. The largely French-speaking town lies at Switzerland's language border with the German-speaking canton of Bern.
In 1875, Le Landeron and Combes were merged and the municipality was officially known as Landeron-Combes until 1966.[5]
Coat of arms[edit]
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess, Or on a pale Gules three Chevrons Argent, and Azure two Pike nainaint proper.[6]
Old town of Le Landeron
Le Landeron has a population (as of December 2013) of 4,513.[2] As of 2008, 17.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 3.8%. It has changed at a rate of 1.3% due to migration and at a rate of 3.4% due to births and deaths.[8]
Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (3,587 or 84.9%) as their first language, German is the second most common (328 or 7.8%) and Italian is the third (91 or 2.2%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.[9]
As of 2008, the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 1,734 Swiss men (39.0% of the population) and 436 (9.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,920 Swiss women (43.2%) and 354 (8.0%) non-Swiss women.[10] Of the population in the municipality, 1,135 or about


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Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma
Archivio di Documentazione Archeologica
vai al contenuto
Visits to the Historical Archives of the Archaeological Superintendence of Rome generally serve to show students the meaning and importance of documents in the archives for the study of the history and archaeology of ancient Rome and surrounding territory (ancient Suburbium).
A principal aim of the school visits is to show students the substantial documentary heritage of the Superintendence. Students learn briefly of the birth of the Superintendence for Roman Antiquities in 1870, and of institutional duties of tutelage and valorisation of archaeological finds.
Students view and comment original documents such as excavation journals, journals of finds, files containing drawings and notes. These documents are particularly important for knowledge of documentary sources and the formation of the Archives.
Through direct viewing of the documents, the students learn their importance as historical testimonials left by those who had custody of open sites in the city during great urban transformations over the years.
The meetings aim to show students the historical path which, through archaeology, history and archives, led to the reconstruction of the ancient city and its monumental aspect.
A common theme or thread throughout the visit (for higher school levels) is to analyse certain documents dealing with finds. This analysis is carried out in the modern quarter where the school is located, with references to the Archaeological Map of the area and the history of ancient topography.
Finally, students study the path that takes objects from the excavation site up to their conservation in the museum. Emphasis is placed on the connection with the history of the foundation of The Museo Nazionale Romano as the place where objects found in sites on the urban territory and also those from antique collections.
Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma © Archivio di documentazione archeologica 2004-07,last revision 2005-10-19, last update by editors


NCSF on Twitter Subscribe to the NCSF RSS Feed NCSF Blog
Displaying items by tag: SM
University-approved SM groups serve an important function by providing necessary safe sex education for students. SM is recognized as a normal form of sexual expression and is practiced routinely by approximately 1 in 10 adults in the U.S. To serve these millions of people, there are over 500 educational and social SM groups in the U.S. alone teaching adults about safe, sane and consensual sexual expression.
SM is not assault. SM does not involve inflicting unwanted, offensive or fearful activities on an individual. People who engage in SM activities do so willingly and consensually and they can stop the activities at any time. This is similar to the behavior that is involved in many sporting activities such as Iowa State's Boxing Club or football team.
Regarding assault, Iowa State Criminal Code Section 708.1 states:
Cuffs workshops are voluntary and by definition cannot be criminal. "Case law in Iowa does not explicitly define SM activities as crimes or assault; they're simply not offered any special protection under the law," states Susan Wright, Spokesperson for NCSF. "The current controversy over Cuffs has arisen simply because SM involves sexual behavior."
Published in NCSF in the News!
Page 4 of 4


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Height: 106.680 cm
Asia OA 1872.7-1.78
Room 33: Asia
Stone sculpture of Durga Mahishasuramardini
Orissa, eastern India, 13th century AD
Durga defeats the buffalo-demon Mahisha
The myth of Durga killing the buffalo-demon
Mahisha has been a popular subject in Hindu sculpture from the
early centuries AD. The demon threatened the cosmic order. The gods
were helpless and begged Durga to subdue him. Armed with the
weapons of the gods, including
This sculpture depicts the climax of the battle between the goddess and the demon. Mahisha appears from the severed neck of the buffalo as a man with a sword and shield. Durga carries two quivers of arrows over her shoulder, and holds a sword and trident with which she kills the demon. Her lion-mount joins in the fight, biting Mahisha's leg. The energy and activity of the demon and the lion contrast with Durga, who is calm and serene as she defeats her opponent.
Durga's victory over Mahisha is celebrated in Bengal each year in the important festival of Durgapuja. Large clay images of the goddess and the demon are made for the duration of the festival, at the end of which they are immersed in ponds or rivers.
T. R. Blurton, Hindu art (London, The British Museum Press, 1992)


- Outdoor Boiler Bypass Kit for Downdraft Furnace
Outdoor Boiler Bypass Kit for Downdraft Furnace
$215.14 $249.50
For a downdraft forced air furnace, the water to air heat exchanger must be located below the furnace. But in the off cycle, excess heat will radiate from the heat exchanger and the furnace has a safety feature that will sense extra heat and turn on the fan only mode. This cycle continues and overheats the building. This kit bypasses flow of hot boiler water around the heat exchanger during the off cycle to prevent this overheating.
A downdraft furnace is commonly used in manufactured homes, and mobile homes commonly referred to as a "Single Wide" or a "Double Wide" homes. A downdraft forced air furnace pushes air over a gas heat exchanger downward into air ducts located under the floor of the home. These are highly efficient furnaces and their designs have passed the test of time.
However, when adding a water-to-air heat exchanger to such furnace, the heat exchanger often needs to be installed at the bottom of the furnace, instead of the standard plenum location for an updraft forced air furnace. This often requires raising the furnace a few inches to install the heat exchanger, and a box must be fabricated in which to install the heat exchanger.
The reason the heat exchanger is installed underneath a downdraft furnace is because normally the heat exchanger is installed downwind of the blower fan. In some cases, the heat exchanger can be installed in a return air duct that is above the downdraft furnace and before the blower fan, but this is not often possible, or reliable, because this orientation relies upon the blower fan sucking air through the heat exchanger, and that often will not work. A qualified HVAC contractor may need to be consulted.
If the heat exchanger is installed underneath the downdraft furnace, this will create a problem - but we have the solution! The problem is that when the thermostat no longer calls for heat and the blower fan shuts off, hot water will continue to flow through the heat exchanger under the downdraft furnace. This is a normal and required part of the system since the outdoor boiler pump must run continuously. The problem that this creates is that since heat rises, there will be considerable heat rising from the heat exchanger into the downdraft furnace. These downdraft furnaces have a temperature sensor in them as a safety feature. When that sensor senses higher than normal temperatures, it thinks that there is still heat that must be removed from the furnace so it turns the downdraft furnace blower fan back on to cool it off. Since the heat exchanger continues to radiate heat, this blower fan will run continuously and the home will become overheated indoors.
The solution is to BYPASS the heat exchanger when the house thermostat turns off the downdraft furnace blower fan. This is accomplished using this product: Kit - Bypass for Downdraft Furnace.
This Bypass Kit will, once the indoor furnace blower fan shuts off, stop water from flowing from the outdoor boiler through the water-to-air heat exchanger, and re-route the flow of this hot water back to the outdoor boiler.
This kit contains the following items:
1 - HSSFA71U (Control Valve Actuator - 24V)
1 - HS599-00533 (3-Way Control Valve Body 1")
1 - HSF1PT (Fitting - PEX 1" Tee)
3 - HSF1PMPT (PEX 1" Crimp x 1" NPT Brass Male)
12 - HSF1PCR (Fitting - PEX 1" Crimp Copper Ring)
See attached photo (Drawing under development - beta only)


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|Department of Engineering|
|University of Cambridge > Engineering Department > News & Features|
1 August 2007
The Department's Nanoscience Centre
Teenagers from across the UK were offered a rare insight into the exciting and dynamic field of Nanotechnology.
Thirty school pupils came to the Department's Nanoscience Centre at West Cambridge for a four-day residential course organised by The Smallpeice Trust, an independent charity which promotes engineering as a career.
Cutting across many scientific disciplines, nanotechnology explores the manipulation of atoms and molecules to produce innovative products like cars that never need polishing or self-adjusting sunscreen.
Through a combination of compelling lectures, challenging workshops, stimulating, hands-on projects and site visits, experts in the field introduced students to the extraordinary concepts and practical applications of this rapidly expanding technology.
Students explored the nano-world using powerful electron microscopes, creating macro-scale molecular models and conducting surface science experiments.
The teenagers were also able to visit TWI, a world centre for joining technologies where they were able to see nanotechnology in practice and observe the way other industries have benefited from a range of joining techniques.
Cambridge is widely seen as a leader in nanotechnology research with successes across the University in nanoelectronics, novel materials and coatings, biologically inspired nanostructures and advanced characterization tools.
Spokesperson for The Smallpeice Trust, Gemma Murphy commented, "It is a real privilige to be working with this international research centre and being able to give students a insight into how this has the potential to revolutionise our lives."
Mark Welland, Professor of Nanotechnology and Director of the IRC in Nanotechnology, reflected, "The Smallpeice residential course is an important element of our nanotechnology outreach programme that engages with schools in the UK as part of FRONTIERS, an EU funded Network of Excellence".
The Nanotechnology course is run by The Smallpeice Trust as part of an ongoing programme of residential courses designed to help young people aged 13 – 18 learn and develop skills in engineering, design and management. Through these courses and STEM enrichment sessions, The Trust has reached out to more than 8,000 students across the UK in the past year – a 20 fold increase over a 6 year period.
The Trust's new course timetable for 2008 will be launched in September this year. To find out more, visit the website _URL_
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