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In this video and guide we show you the best way to start an online lesson in Microsoft Teams. Follow the tips below if you want to control presenters and have more control over the video conference.
Tip 1 – Create your lesson in the calendar view
Creating your lesson in the calendar rather than directly from your class team channel gives you a number of benefits including:
- Sends out an email invitation to all students
- If students accept the invitation it will add it to their own personal outlook calendar providing structure to their day.
- You can stop students from being presenters (and some of the disruption they could cause)
When creating the calendar invite, there is no need to add the students individually, you just need to select the class as shown below.
Tip 2 – Stop students presenting
By default, students are also presenters which means they can share their screens and kick others out of the meeting. This may disrupt the lesson, but you can change this setting!
Save the calendar meeting and wait for it to finish setting up (it becomes bold in the calendar view).
Once you go back into the calendar item, you will see there are additional menu items for controlling the meeting options.
Select "Meeting options" and then change the presenter to "Only Me" and press "Save".
Tip 3 – Mute microphones
The first 4 students who join the meeting will have their mics unmuted, use the "Mute all" button at any point during the lesson.
Tip 4 – Share screens
Use the share button to share your screen or present an application or file.
Tip 5 – Mention that the lesson is about to start
Mentioning the class will send them an instant notification in teams. Use it to notify them that the lesson is about to start.
Tip 6 – Record the lesson
Some students may not be able to make it to your lesson in time. Ensure no one misses out and that they can use it for revision purposes by recording the meeting.
We hope you find these tips useful. Good luck with your online lessons!


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Scarlet-chested Parrot (Neophema splendida) - Wiki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] Neophema pulchella, ru:Травяной попугайчик красногрудый. Splendid grass parakeet or scarlet-chested parrot. Source: _URL_ Author FNature.
|Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".|
The Scarlet-chested Parrot
), known alternately as Scarlet-breasted parrot
, Orange-throated parrot
or Splendid parrot
, is a parrot
endemic to central South Australia and inland southern Western Australia.
has many mutations including the par blue, sea green and white breasted.
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


I am looking at servos to make a robot claw, and I want to make sure the one i am getting can turn under a specific amount of weight. The servos specify their torque in oz-in. I am not sure how to read this.
What i need to know is, how to I convert oz-in into the specific weight it can withstand in lbs.
If you are not familiar with the unit of measurement:
1 oz-in = 0.00706 Nm
if you are not familiar with torque:
1 Nm torque translates to 1N of force at a radial distance from the shaft of the motor of 1 m. As 1N gravitational force corresponds to an approx. 0.1kg weight, 1 Nm torque can lift* 0.1kg weight 1m away from the shaft, or 1 kg weight 0.1m away from the shaft.
*Lift in this case means that if such weight is attached to the rotor, the rotor would be in equilibrium, less weight then this would start to rotate.
 - $\begingroup$ So, if i had a length of 2M with 1Nm, would that make 0.5N? _USER_ $\endgroup$ – X Builder Oct 21 '20 at 22:54
 - $\begingroup$ exactly, 2m radial distance, 0.5N $\endgroup$ – 50k4 Oct 21 '20 at 23:06
Your Answer


most deadly violent haunting in the US
Bell Witch Haunting Ghost Caught on Video Tape
The Bell Witch haunting is one of the first, real, documented ghost hauntings in America, join us as get the Bell Witch Ghost Caught on Tape. Is it possible to communicate to the Bell Witch Ghost through ghost box, evp, and ouija? Join us tonight as attempt get evidence of the Bell Witch Haunting Ghost, caught on tape.
The paranormal haunting of the Bell Witch started with John Bell Sr., who made his living as a farmer, resided with his family in Adams, Tennessee in the early 1800s. In 1817, his family came under attack by a witch, who was believed to be a lady called Kate Batts. Various accounts written afterward, tell stories similar to other poltergeist legends. It began with noises in the walls and grew to include unusual sounds; people being slapped and pinched, objects being thrown, and animals being spooked without visible cause.
In the 1894 book An Authenticated History of the Bell Witch, author Martin Van Buren Ingram claims that the poltergeist's name was Kate, and that she frequently cursed the Bell family out loud. The activity centered on the Bells' youngest daughter, Betsy, and worsened after she became engaged to one Joshua Gardner.
Several accounts report that during his military career, Andrew Jackson was intrigued with the story and was frightened away after traveling to investigate. Other stories relate that the family was haunted by scratching noises outside their door after Bell found a half-dog, half-rabbit creature. Some stories end up with Bell being poisoned by the witch. Accounts vary about the witch being someone who had been cheated by Bell or a male slave whom Bell had killed.
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to find the best match with your hearing aids. Visit a full service carrier store and ask to try devices that have been designated as "hearing aid compatible." Your cell phone's RF emissions can change depending on your location. Be sure to fully evaluate your listening experience outside and during the return period. Read the fine print on the return policy, as well as any early termination fees before signing up for any new cell phone or service.
Filing A Complaint with the FCC
If you have a problem using a hearing aid with a digital wireless phone that is supposed to be hearing aid-compatible, first try to resolve it with the equipment manufacturer or your wireless service provider. If you can't resolve the issue directly, you can file a complaint with the FCC. There is no charge for filing a complaint. You can file your complaint using an online complaint form. You can also file your complaint with the FCC's Consumer Center by calling 1-888-CALL-FCC (_PHONE_) voice or 1-888-TELL-FCC (_PHONE_) TTY; faxing _PHONE_; or writing to:
Federal Communications Commission
Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau
Consumer Inquiries and Complaints Division
445 12th Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20554.
What to Include in Your Complaint
The best way to provide all the information the FCC needs to process your complaint is to thoroughly complete the online complaint form. When you open the online form, you will be asked a series of questions that will take you to the particular section of the form you need to complete. If you do not use the online complaint form, your complaint should at least indicate:
- your name, address, email address and phone number where you can be reached;
- preferred format or method of response (letter, fax, voice phone call, email, TRS, TTY, ASCII text, audio recording or Braille);
- that your complaint is about hearing aid compatibility for a digital wireless telephone;
- the make and model number of the equipment or device you are complaining about;
- the name, address and telephone number (if known) of the company or companies involved in your complaint; and
- a brief description of your complaint and the resolution you are seeking, and a full description of the equipment or service you are complaining about, including date of purchase, use or attempt to use.
For More Information
For information about hearing aid-compatible wireline telephones, see our consumer guide. For more information about FCC programs to promote access to telecommunications services for people with disabilities, visit our Disability Rights Office website. Finally, for information about other telecommunications issues, visit the FCC's Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau website, or contact the FCC's Consumer Center using the contact information provided for filing a complaint.


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94a. Archeological Investigations at Jewel Cave
National Monument Custer County, South Dakota 2000-2003
Bruce A. Jones
Midwest Archeological Center personnel undertook limited evaluative
test excavations at nine recorded historic and prehistoric sites
in Jewel Cave National Monument as part of a three-year field project
conducted in 2000-2002, followed by a written synthesis that was
begun in 2003. The sites which were examined in the Monument included
nine with prehistoric components, and three with evidence of both
prehistoric and historic occupations.
The nine prehistoric sites included five that lay in springside
settings, one that lay atop a high ridge overlooking a canyon, one
rock shelter, and two sites on a canyon floor. None of the prehistoric
sites in the Monument produced large quantities of cultural material.
Instead, they reflect repeated short-term occupation and use of
specific settings that ensured success in food and other resource
exploitation, and appear to reflect part of a long-lived seasonal
round by small groups of hunter-gatherers. The presence of non-local
lithic materials at several of these sites further documents the
movement of these populations throughout the Plains. The prehistoric
components studied thus far at Jewel Cave range in age from as early
as the Middle Plains Archaic to as recently as the Late Prehistoric.
Based upon four radiocarbon assays of charcoal collected from these
sites, the Monument occupations date from 4500-4200 BC until roughly
The major historic site in the Monument is that of 39CU844, the
Jewel Cave Hotel, the location where a complex of structures was
built to accommodate visitors to the cave in the early twentieth
century. Testing at the hotel site produced artifactual material
that both predates and post-dates the probable time span of its
use, but is completely consistent with the general time period
of occupation. The site has been heavily impacted by cleanup efforts
that were undertaken in the 1930s by Emergency Conservation Work
Act (later Civilian Conservation Corps) personnel and by the construction
of U.S. Highway 16.
Due to the sensitive
nature of this subject this report is available to professional
archeologists only. If you order this manuscript we may contact
you for verification of your profession.


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Aura Hernandez-Sabate, Meritxell Joanpere, Nuria Gorgorio, & Lluis Albarracin. (2015). Mathematics learning opportunities when playing a Tower Defense Game. IJSG - International Journal of Serious Games, 57–71.
Abstract: A qualitative research study is presented herein with the purpose of identifying mathematics learning opportunities in students between 10 and 12 years old while playing a commercial version of a Tower Defense game. These learning opportunities are understood as mathematicisable moments of the game and involve the establishment of relationships between the game and mathematical problem solving. Based on the analysis of these mathematicisable moments, we conclude that the game can promote problem-solving processes and learning opportunities that can be associated with different mathematical contents that appears in mathematics curricula, thought it seems that teacher or new game elements might be needed to facilitate the processes.
Keywords: Tower Defense game; learning opportunities; mathematics; problem solving; game design

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Mark Ramnauth
What is a transferable skills analysis?
Apex Rehab Management with its team of Vocational Experts can provide a Transferable Skills Analysis to determine earning capacity after injury, disability, or to assess economic loss caused by other factors. We provide a detailed Transferable Skills Analysis (TSA) report to determine whether an individual has earning capacity after an injury or disability. What is a Transferable Skills Analysis? Transferable skills are skills acquired from past training, education, and experience… Read More »What is a transferable skills analysis?


Eden Organic
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Lotus Root Soba
Buy Online | Nutrition Facts
Eden Lotus Root Soba is hard winter and hard spring wheat, whole buckwheat flour, lotus root powder, and a bit of sea salt. Tanaka family made as they've been doing it since 1906, now with four generations actively involved. It's an easy and delicious way to enjoy the exceptional flavor and benefit of buckwheat and lotus root.
Historical Information
Soba is the Japanese word for buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum, a nearly forgotten healthy food with rich flavor and many benefits. Buckwheat is a hardy, wild broad leaf plant and not a grass. It belongs to the Polygonaceae or buckwheat family and is not a member of the cereal grain or Gramineae family. The fruit seed of buckwheat has long been valued in both East and West. It originated in the area of Lake Baikal in Siberia, in the Himalayas, and Manchuria. Buckwheat was cultivated and eaten in China before being adopted throughout Asia and Europe. It has long been a staple food in Russia and central Europe where known as 'kasha.'
Lotus root of a water lily, Nelumbo nucifera, is traditionally valued for promoting healthy respiratory function. When lotus root powder is added to traditional soba dough it imparts a creamy smooth texture.
The art of making noodles is believed to have originated among farmers in China. Noodles were adopted in Buddhist temples and were brought to Japan by monks. The first reference to buckwheat in Japan appears in records from the Heian period (794 - 1185 A.D.). Buckwheat noodles or'soba kiri' are mentioned in documents from the early 1600s.
Nutrition Facts
Eden Lotus Root Soba is low fat, and saturated fat and cholesterol free. It is a good source of healthy fiber, protein, and iron. It is easy to digest and traditionally eaten for its strengthening and relaxing qualities.
Commercial pasta is highly refined, chemically treated flour, processed in minutes through teflon dies and ultra high heat or microwave drying, resulting in inferior flavor, diminished nutrition, and dubious value. Eden Lotus Root Soba is a wise choice. Light, delicious and nourishing because it's made with patience, care, the best ingredients, and handling that enhances value.
Eden Lotus Root Soba are delicious, warming and strengthening food enjoy hot or chilled in dashi broth with shoyu, kombu sea vegetable, shiitake mushroom, and mirin, or drizzled with ponzu. Use it like any pasta in soups, stir-fries, and salads. Wrap them in toasted nori to make noodle sushi. Do not add salt to the cooking water. Unlike Eden Organic Soba and Udon these noodles are made with a bit of sea salt.
Traditional Cooking Instructions for Japanese Noodles
Buy Online | Detailed Description | Nutrition Facts
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text: Buoy is actually two things: the device and the app. The device is the blue cylinder that attaches to the main water input at your home. Water flows through the device, which is connected to your home WiFi network, and sends data to the app. The app categorizes your water use data and shows you where you're using water, so you can take control of your water use and avoid surprise water bills. You can shut off your water using the red button on the Buoy device or, remotely, from the red button in the Buoy app.


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The early years
The origins of Coats can be traced to the families that created the weaving and textile industries of Paisley, Scotland during the late 18th century.
- Henry Milward established needle manufacture at Redditch, UK and hand sewing begins to flourish
- James and Patrick Clark move to the thriving town of Paisley, Scotland as young boys to begin work in the weaving trade
- The Clarks will eventually set up a business in Cotton Street making thread for use in 'heddles', which were an integral part of weaving looms at the time
- James Coats born in 1774 to a family of Paisley weavers. The early part of his life was spent serving in the British Army before returning to Paisley to marry and set himself up in business in the early 1800s
- Sir Richard Arkwright built Masson Mills in Derbyshire, England


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Can u believe that your credit card is capable of diagnosing HIV at a cost of just $1? It's true, a portable blood test can be performed and the presence of HIV can be instantly indicated by mChip device designed by the scientists of the University of Columbia in New York. mChip is the device on the size of a credit card specially designed for this purpose. Various tests conducted among various majorities of people revels that the test has a perfect 95 % accuracy on an average. The cost is cheaper hence a large set of diagnostic tests is possible and is accessible even for common people. It makes a large difference in the mentality of people who hesitate to go to clinics or hospitals for testing their blood. A pin-prick of blood is taken and optics is used to read the fluid.
The blood passes through ten detection zones for analysis and returns a positive or negative outcome for HIV or syphilis. The time duration taken is about 15 minutes. A simple color-code similar to pregnancy test is used to display the result. mChip extremely cheap and efficient and serves as a major breakthrough in fighting against HIV throughout the world.


Question: Where Did All The Coal Come From?
What existed before trees?
16: "Before trees were common, the Earth was covered in giant mushrooms." With more than 6.8 million followers, this is one of the more popular fact pages on instagram..
How did trees get on earth?
The very first plants on land were tiny. This was a very long time ago, about 470 million years ago. Then around 350 million years ago, many different kinds of small plants started evolving into trees. … Since then, many different kinds of plants have evolved into trees.
Where does coal come from and how was it formed?
Why almost all coal was made at the same time?
Answer: Large tree-like plants evolved before fungi evolved the ability to break down the fibrous lignin that helped give the plants structure. With nothing to make them decay, their remains were free to pile up and yield thick coal deposits.
How did coal form on Earth?
Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants – giant ferns, reeds and mosses – grew. … Heat and pressure produced chemical and physical changes in the plant layers which forced out oxygen and left rich carbon deposits.
What are the 4 types of coal?
Is coal made from dead trees?
Fossil fuels consist mainly of dead plants – coal from trees, and natural gas and oil from algae, a kind of water plant. Your car engine doesn't burn dead dinosaurs – it burns dead algae. Oil, gas, and coal deposits are really remnants of ancient muddy swamps.
What products are made from coal?
Ammonia gas recovered from coke ovens is used to manufacture ammonia salts, nitric acid and agricultural fertilisers. Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as components: soap, aspirins, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, such as rayon and nylon.
How long is coal formed?
approximately 300 million yearsMost coal formed approximately 300 million years ago from the remains of trees and other vegetation. These remains were trapped on the bottom of swamps, accumulating layer after layer and creating a dense material called peat.
Was all coal made at the same time?
Was all Coal made at the same time or not is an ongoing debate with coal geologists. … Mould suggests most of the coal on earth was created during a single short period of geological history 300 million years ago. It's called the carboniferous period. Watch Mould below to find out why coal production stopped so abruptly.
Who discovered coal first in the world?
Coal was one of man's earliest sources of heat and light. The Chinese were known to have used it more than 3,000 years ago. The first recorded discovery of coal in this country was by French explorers on the Illinois River in 1679, and the earliest recorded commercial mining occurred near Richmond, Virginia, in 1748.
Where is coal mostly found?
The largest coal reserves are in the United States, Russia, China, Australia, and India. In the United States, coal is mined in 25 states and three major regions. In the Western Coal Region, Wyoming is the top producer—about 40% of the coal mined in the country is extracted in the state.


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Reveals invisible writing
- "The Revealing Charm will reveal invisible ink and messages hidden by magical means. Simply tap a book or parchment with your wand and any hidden message will be revealed. This spell is more than sufficient to overcome the basic concealing charms and so is a favourite of parents and teachers alike."
- —Miranda Goshawk, Book of Spells.[src]
The Revealing Charm (Aparecium) is a charm that forces invisible ink or other hidden messages to appear. It is also possible this spell can be used to make other invisible things reveal themselves. Hermione Granger used this spell on Tom Riddle's Diary to see if anything could be read. Nothing appeared after she used the spell because that was not the enchantment placed on the book.
- "She tapped the diary three times and said, "Aparecium!""
- —Hermione using the spell on Tom Riddle's diary[src]
The Latin word appareo which means "to become visible or to appear".
Behind the scenes
- This is possibly the spell Severus Snape used to attempt to force the Marauder's Map to display its content, though it may also have been Scarpin's Revelaspell.
- According to Pottermore, the hand motion is thus:
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Possible appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) (Possible appearance)
- Harry Potter Trading Card Game
- Wonderbook: Book of Spells (First identified as Revealing Charm)


text:
Skip to Main Content
This paper presents a new strategy for obstacle avoidance in mobile robots leader-follower formation. The key feature of the algorithm is that the system is robust against absolute acceleration of both leader and obstacle. On the other hand the angular velocity constraint of leader and obstacle is eliminated in the proposed leader-obstacle formation. The formation controller is composed of a feedback linearization part and a sliding mode compensator. Similar structure is used for both leader-follower and leader-obstacle formation. The proposed controller generates the commanded acceleration for the follower robot and makes the formation control system robust against the unmeasured acceleration of the leader robot and obstacle. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of the proposed methodology.


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A tool to automate removal of generated logs after a set amount of time.
npm install log-file-remover
var logRemover = ;logRemover;
The library will accept a custom config object being passed into the schedule function. If no object is passed through then the default config will be used.
If startTheJobAutomatically is set to false, remember to call job.start(), assuming job is the variable you set the cron job to. Unfortunately, for now this is hard coded to true.
For the timeZone if you need others, check the moment-timezone npm module
timeToTake is the time which will be looked at when deleting logs.
timeToTake is either mtime, ctime or fileName. The modified time, the created time or a date specified in the file name.
The filename looked at follows this expression:
cronTime uses standard cron input. This allows for more explicit control of the timed settings of the cron Job
everySecond: '* * * * * *'everyMinute: '* * * * *'everyHour: '00 00 * * * *'every10Seconds: '*/6 * * * * *'midnight: '00 00 00 * *'everyDayAtTwoFifteen: '00 15 02 * * *'


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No, it isn't. The Prelude Method is a way for you to save your own eggs so that you can use them when the time is right. Nobody else will have access to your frozen eggs but you.
Articles in this section
- What is the Prelude Method, and how does it work?
- Why is The Prelude Method Relevant to Me?
- Who Is The Prelude Method For?
- Is the Prelude Method a Form of Egg Donation?
- What are the advantages of The Prelude Method?
- What is the Process for The Prelude Method?
- How Long Can Eggs be Stored?
- How Many Eggs Will You Collect?
- Can I Donate My Eggs to Someone Else?
- What Happens if I Choose Not To Use My Saved Eggs or Embryos?


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Madagascan Hissing Cockroach|
This insect is 3 inches (8 cm) long.
See main text for more information.
Ref: ITIS _PHONE_-11
Notes on the picture:
The Madagascan Hissing Cockroach is a large flightless insect from the forests of Madagascar. It lives under the bark of trees or in leaf litter, feeding on plant matter including leaves and fallen fruit.
Any predator that catches one of these cockroaches is in for a double shock. The legs of this insect are covered in needle sharp spines and the cockroach can make a loud hissing sound. It does this by forcing air out of the breathing holes that runs along the side of its body.
This is one of the largest cockroaches in the world and can reach 8 cm (3 inches).
Although they live in the forest they are attracted by house lights and will sometimes creep through open windows. However they are harmless and will soon leave when disturbed.
The Masagascan Hissing Cockroach is often used in television and films where a large scary looking insect is required, giving this harmless creature an undeserved reputation.


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A theoretical technique developed at DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory is bringing supercomputer simulations and experimental results closer together by identifying common "fingerprints."
ORNL's Jeremy Smith collaborated on devising a method dynamical fingerprints that reconciles the different signals between experiments and computer simulations to strengthen analyses of molecules in motion.
"Experiments tend to produce relatively simple and smooth-looking signals, as they only'see' a molecule's motions at low resolution," said Smith, who directs ORNL's Center for Molecular Biophysics and holds a Governor's Chair at the University of Tennessee. "In contrast, data from a supercomputer simulation are complex and difficult to analyze, as the atoms move around in the simulation in a multitude of jumps, wiggles and jiggles. How to reconcile these different views of the same phenomenon has been a long-standing problem."
The new method solves the problem by calculating peaks within the simulated and experimental data, creating distinct "dynamical fingerprints." The technique can then link the two datasets.
Explore further: 'Fingerprints' match molecular simulations with reality


- Question: Hellllllllllo! Just wondering if 1 cigarette takes off 11 minutes of someone's life the oldest person ever (Jeanne calment-122) smoked until she was well over 110. If she never smoked what are the chances of her living quite a while longer?
 Asked by amckeswick to Robyn on 19 Mar 2020.
 - Photo: Robyn Kiy
 Robyn Kiy answered on 19 Mar 2020:
 This is a really interesting question that has made me stop and think!
 The statistic about 1 cigarette taking between 7 and 11 minutes off a life is an estimate of the average time a cigarette takes off a persons life. This doesn't mean that this will be the same for every person! Other elements such as lifestyle (e.g. diet and exercise) and genetics can influence the health of a person, and thus their life expectancy. For example, it is possible for someone who smokes 5 cigarettes a day but eats healthily, exercises regularly, and has a low-risk job to outlive a non-smoker who leads an otherwise unhealthy lifestyle (although this isn't guaranteed, of course!).
 It is likely that Jeanne Calment's genetics provided her with an element of protection from the dangers of smoking cigarettes.
 Based off the assumption that cigarettes reduce life expectancy, it may be possible that without smoking Jeanne would have lived longer! However, if Jeanne Calment was not susceptible to the damage caused by smoking, it may also be possible that never smoking would have no impact on the time of her death.
 Unfortunately, I couldn't predict the exact chances of her living longer if she hadn't smoked. However, as we know that smoking does reduce the life-expectancy of the average person, it is definitely possible that Jeanne Calment may have lived longer had she not smoked!


, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp 259-263
Self-control in honeybees
Self-control means choosing a large delayed reward over a small immediate reward; impulsiveness is its opposite. The metabolic hypothesis states that the amount of self-control across species correlates negatively with metabolic rate (Tobin & Logue, 1994). Foraging honeybees have high metabolic rates; the metabolic hypothesis would predict little self-control in bees. But foraging bees work for the longterm good of their hive, conditions that seem to require self-control. In three experiments, we gave bees the choice between (1) a sweeter delayed reward and a less sweet immediate reward and (2) a large delayed reward and a small immediate reward. Bees showed much self-control, inconsistent with the metabolic hypothesis.
The research reported was supported by grants from Macquarie University.


Factors affecting quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis
 - Fatigue and depression have a clinically significant impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
Why this matters
 - Physical and psychological factors associated with MS can have a serious impact on HRQoL.
 - It is important to identify which factors have a greater negative effect on HRQoL in order to target treatment and manage long-term disease.


Wednesday, January 18, 2012
Top Ten Tuesday
So I'm posting my Top Ten Tuesday on a Wednesday. I really need to remember not to order the second margarita when I go to Pasqual's.
Top Ten Books I'd Recommend to Someone Who Doesn't Read About Africa
1. We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families by Philip Gourevitch. The book is a bit dated; by now I would hope that most people have some familiarity with the Rwandan genocide. And it isn't flawless. But I think it gives one of the better accounts of the events and is a good source for starting to understand how the West both created many of Africa's contemporary struggles and continues to refuse responsibility.
2. This Voice in My Heart by Gilbert Tuhabonye and Gary Brozek. Despite what's been portrayed in the media and by Hollywood, the "Rwandan" genocide wasn't just about Rwanda. As Tuhabonye, an Olympic-level runner and sole survivor of the massacre of his schoolmates in Burundi, shows in his memoir, the violence encompassed a whole region and many of the victims, survivors, and perpetrators continue to be ignored. (See also, Strength in What Remains by Tracy Kidder)
3. What is the What by Dave Eggers. Yes, another book on violence and genocide. Unfortunately, that's a lot of what is published about Africa in the West. Eggers does a solid job of sharing the story of Valentino Achak Deng, one of the "Lost Boys" of Sudan. For me, the real strength of the book isn't in its retelling of the violence that Deng faced in Sudan, but rather in its portrayal of Deng's struggles once he had arrived to the "safety" of the West. So often the story of refugees ends with "They arrived in the West and lived happily ever after," but as Eggers shows, that is far from the reality for many.
4. King Leopold's Ghost by Adam Hochschild. We used this in the introduction to Africa course for which I was a teaching assistant, and the students found it both accessible and eye opening. Hochschild examines the colonization of Africa through the example of the brutal enslavement of the Congo. It's a good introduction to a part of history that most of us never got in school yet is essential for understanding contemporary Africa.
5. Weep Not, Child by James Ngugi (aka, Ngugi wa Thiong'o). The debut novel of one of Africa's foremost writers. Yes, it is also about violence and colonialism (specifically the Mau Mau resistance movement in 1950s Kenya), but it is also a beautifully rendered coming-of-age story about a young man struggling to find his place in the world.
6. Africa Since 1940 by Frederick Cooper. Much more academic than the previous books, but still a very readable and accessible primer on African history and the forces that have shaped contemporary Africa. Should be required reading for anyone engaging in humanitarian or voluntary work in Africa.
7. Global Shadows by James Ferguson. Again, a rather academic book, although written at a level that's accessible to your average undergraduate and doesn't require more than a cursory background on Africa (although I would strongly recommend reading the Cooper book first). Ignore the god-awful ugly cover and the boring title. Taking a more contemporary and broad approach to Africa, Ferguson considers Africa's place in the global community and, in the process, challenges simplistic models for understanding a complex continent.
8. A Heart for the Work by Claire Wendland. I promise: I'm not just recommending this book because it was written by my advisor (she doesn't even know about this blog---I hope---so I'm not actually earning any brownie points for this). Or because it's about Malawi. This is an extremely well-written book, and although its focus is on medical training in Malawi, I think it has a lot to say more generally about why so many African countries are so intractably mired in persistent, severe poverty.
9. Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Like Ngugi, Adichie both depicts a specific historical moment---in this case, the Biafran war---and weaves a beautiful, timeless epic that transcends its setting.
10. TBD. I'm not sure how to interpret that I can't come up with a tenth book to recommend for people who don't normally read about Africa. Have I just not read sufficiently myself? Certainly that's true, particularly for fiction and creative works. Or is there a lack of good books about Africa that are accessible to general readers? I think that's also true, especially for nonfiction books. I have pages and pages of African Studies references, but most of the books are (1) dead boring, (2) deeply flawed, or (3) both. There just aren't a lot of books out there---at least, that I know of---that are both well written and rigorously researched.
A few that I thought about recommending include Compassion Fatigue by Susan Moeller; The Road to Hell by Michael Maren; and The Lords of Poverty by Graham Hancock. These are all highly readable, provocative books that reframe much of what we think we know about contemporary Africa and particularly about humanitarism. But they are also very polemical---and are quickly becoming outdated---so I wouldn't put them on a top-ten list. (Although I would definitely recommend reading any of them once you've finished the top ten or if you have a solid background in African Studies and can approach them with a more critical eye.)
Anything you would add/remove/qualify?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Top Ten Tuesday
10 Authors I Wish Would Write Another Book
I (almost) always enjoy writing about books, but this week's Top Ten Tuesday from The Broke and the Bookish was more fun than usual. In trying to narrow down the list to just ten, I looked up various authors' bibliographies and was reminded of the many, many books that some of my favorite authors have written but I haven't yet read (despite having a good number of those titles in my home library). And I found a few that having upcoming novels that I didn't know about (New Toni Morrison! Yay!).
So now I have an even longer list of To Be Read Books to keep me occupied while I wait for the following authors to produce new works:
1. Margaret Atwood. Based on her Twitter updates, Atwood is working on a new novel, and I CANNOT WAIT.
2. Madeleine L'Engle. In particular, I wish she would have written a fifth installment in her Crosswicks Journal before leaving us.
3. Jonathan Kozol. One of the best writers on education and poverty. We desperately need his perspective on the current policy environment.
4. Bonnie Jo Campbell. Loved Once Upon a River. LOVED American Salvage. Campbell needs to write more, right now.
5. Joanna Kavenna. Like Campbell, Kavenna has a gift for devestatingly bleak realism. More please!
6. Marjane Satrapi. Persepolis is one of my all-time favorite books, and I think it's been time enough for her to add Vol. 3.
7. Michael Pollan. As much as I love his writing on food systems, I'd really like for him to apply his enthusiasm and engaging writing to a new topic.
8. Jeffrey Eugenides. So including Eugenides is a bit unfair because he did just release The Marriage Plot a couple of months ago. But I'm already itching for his next one. Please don't make us wait another nine years!
9. Muriel Barbery. Her fantastically absurb and whimsical novels are a nice antidote to aforementioned bleak realism.
10. Tim Gunn. Because we can never have enough Gunn in our lives.


Every bill begins with a brief statement, known as the caption, that describes what the bill proposes to do. This statement can quickly tell an agency if it could be affected by the bill, but should not be used to automatically rule out analyzing the bill.
Two basic forms of captions are used by the Legislature; a brief, often one-line, caption that gives an outline of what the bill proposes, and a full caption that contains all the provisions in the bill and identifies the laws it will amend, change or repeal. Bills with a short caption may have to be read in their entirety in order to determine the possible impacts on an agency. A determination of agency impact can more easily be made from a full caption which presents more information. For example, if an agency is covered by Articles 6.01 through 6.19 of a code and the full caption shows the bill amends Art. 6.17, you will immediately know the bill will have an impact on the agency.
SECTIONS and Sections
Bills are divided into SECTIONS. However, bills also refer to Sections (Sec.) which are parts of the law. Knowing the difference can help to avoid confusion. A SECTION (always capitalized) is part of the bill while a Section, with only the first letter capitalized, is a part of the law the bill would enact or change. A SECTION contains a description of what the Sec. is going to do. SECTIONS are numbered sequentially (SECTION 1, SECTION 2, etc.) Words that might appear after the heading "SECTION 1." could include; "is adopted to read as follows", "is amended to read as follows", "to repeal", etc. In every case, the phrase following the heading of SECTION is an introduction that tells you what the Sec. that follows does. In analyzing a bill, it is important to have an understanding of the difference between Sec. 2 of SECTION 1 and SECTION 2. SECTIONS are part of the bill while Secs. are part of the law itself. The word SECTION and the instructions that follow will not be printed in the law books, but the Sec. and the words that follow it will.
Bills may also be divided into ARTICLES with SECTIONS and Sec. included. This format is usually used on bills that cover more than one subject.
Line and Page
Bills drafted by the Legislative Council are formatted to number every line and every page of the bill. The first page of a bill generally has 24 numbered lines. This system can be used to identify portions of a bill which may present problems or are of special interest rather than trying to refer to a SECTION number. For example, if the problem area is cited as being lines 12 through 20 on page 6 of the bill, there will be no question about which provision is being cited.
This can be helpful when analyzing amendments. If a bill is being amended by replacing or striking the language on line "x" of page "y", you only have to know how to use a line and page citation to quickly determine the impact of the amendment on the bill by placing the change in the proper place. Be aware that committee reports used on the Senate floor are printed in a single-spaced format while all other versions in both chambers are printed in a double-spaced format. Unless you have the single-spaced format, you may still have to refer to the SECTION or Section of the bill to be sure that you have correctly identified a part of the bill.
Editing Features
To make proposed changes in existing law stand out from the rest of the bill, the Legislature uses underlining, bracketing and striking-through.
Underlining, Bracketing and Strike-Through
New language or words being added to a bill are underlined. For example, adding the words "in alternate years" to a sentence that reads "A tax of two dollars per person shall be collected." would result in:
A tax of two dollars per person shall be collected in alternate years.
To remove words or language from a bill, the Legislature uses a system that calls for placing the language to be removed inside brackets and striking-through the individual words. If they wanted to change the phrase "A tax of two dollars per person and three dollars per family shall be collected in alternate years" so as to remove the tax on families, the bill would read:
A tax of two dollars per person [and three dollars per family] shall be collected in alternate years.
If they want the the wording to reflect a tax change from $2 per person to $3 per person, they will use both underlining and bracketing/striking as follows:
A tax of three [two] dollars per person shall be collected in alternative years.
All of these changes together would result in a sentence that looked like this:
A tax of three [two] dollars per person [and three dollars per family] shall be collected in alternate years.
Underlining can be used to add an entirely new provision to a law. Similarly, bracketing and striking-through can be used to remove a complete section from the law and either replace it with a new provision or repeal it entirely.
Other Ways to Show Changes
Underlining, bracketing and striking-through make it possible to quickly see changes to bills. However, if the entire bill or SECTION is being created or repealed, it may simply say the law is "amended by adding Section (a number) to read as follows:" or "is being amended by repealing Section #." In these instances no underlining or strike-through is used.


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The legs, church windows or tears of wine. Many a wine drinker and scientist have swirled the wine through their glass and watched this phenomenon with amazement. What causes the tears? And what do they say about the wine? For a long time, science has not been able to explain exactly how the tears come about, but surface tension, temperature, ridge instability and shock waves (!) seem to give the long-expected complete answer.
Wine is primarily a mixture of water and alcohol. In a wine glass, due to capillary action, the wine crawls up slightly at the side of the glass. The bend wine surface that is formed is called the meniscus (see figure below). The alcohol evaporates faster in the meniscus than in the rest of the glass. This is because the meniscus has a larger surface area in proportion to the volume underneath. As a result, the wine in the meniscus contains less alcohol and relatively much water compared to the wine in the rest of the glass. Water has a higher surface tension than alcohol and therefore "pulls" harder on the surrounding liquid. The gradient that arises from the high-alcohol wine in the glass to low-alcohol wine in the meniscus causes a difference in surface tension. The higher surface tension of the watery wine in the meniscus makes that more wine is pulled up from the glass, resulting in a film layer of wine on the side of the glass.
In 1865 the Italian physicist Carlo Marangoni described this effect in his thesis, and a few years later Josiah Willard Gibbs gave a theoretical thermodynamic description in several articles entitled "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances". Since then, the formation of the film layer of wine on the side of a wine glass has been known as the Marangoni-Gibbs effect.
The formation of a wine film layer on the side of a wine glass due to the Marangoni-Gibbs effect. The evaporation of alcohol provides a gradient in the surface tension (λ), and a gradient in the temperature (T) of the film layer on the wall of the glass. The tears of the wine form under the influence of gravity on the ridge of the film layer.
Recent research shows that the Marangoni-Gibbs effect can not only be attributed to the evaporation of the alcohol and the difference in surface tension that arises. Venerus et al. showed in 2015 that the evaporation of the alcohol also causes the wine in the film layer to cool down. The importance of this temperature difference for the Marangoni effect has always been overlooked.
The resulting temperature gradient in the film layer causes the wine to "flow". Just like the warm Gulf Stream that brings warm sea water from the Gulf of Mexico to the northern part of the Atlantic. Similarly, the temperature gradient in the film layer ensures that wine flows up the side of the glass. As such, the temperature difference contributes to the Marangoni-Gibbs effect. The flow rate of the wine in the film layer is therefore dependent on the gradient in surface tension AND the temperature gradient, and both are caused by the evaporation of alcohol1.
Infrared photo of the tears of wine. The color scale indicates the temperature of the film layer of wine on the glass. The white arrow indicates the direction of the flow of the wine caused by the Marangoni-Gibbs effect.
Adapted from Venerus, 2015 via CC BY 4.0
This information further clarifies the Marangoni-Gibbs effect, and explains how it is that wine flows up against the side of the glass. But what makes the wine drip down again? Gravity? Yes, but that is a very simplistic representation of reality. How is it that wine specifically forms drops at regular intervals that as tears flow back into the glass?
The ridge, on top of the film layer, falls apart into tears under the influence of gravity. In a 2018 study, Nikolov and his colleagues show that the way in which the ridge of the film layer falls apart corresponds to the theory of the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability2. This is a mathematical description of the instability that occurs when a liquid with a light density pushes against a liquid with a higher density. In the case of our wine film layer, the film layer is the liquid with a light density that pushes against the wine that forms the ridge and has a higher density. At a certain point the downward pull of gravity on the heavy liquid (that is pulled down more than the light liquid) outweighs the upward force of the light liquid. The heavier liquid breaks through the barrier created by the upward flow of the light fluid and forms tears that stream into the glass. The ridge stability is therefore a balance between gravity and the upward pressure of the light liquid.
A simplistic representation of the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the basis of which the wine tears form according to Nikolov et al.. The ridge of the film layer (dark red) has a higher density than the film layer (light red) that under the influence of the Marangoni effect is formed and flows up.
However, the last question that remains is: what makes that the film layer has two different densities, creating a ridge that falls apart into tears?
The film layer is created by the Marangoni effect, and the tears are caused by the instability of the ridge of the film layer. But how is it possible that this ridge is created at the top of the film layer? According to Dukler et al. of the University of California, a shock wave through the film layer causes the formation of the ridge and the subsequent tears3. A "reverse undercompressive shockwave", that is. Dukler and his colleagues have developed a theoretical model that shows how this shock wave (in theory) arises from the evaporation of alcohol in the film layer and moves from the meniscus to the ridge of the film layer. A characteristic of this atypical shock wave is that the density of the liquid behind the wave is lower than before the wave. A situation thus arises that the ridge of the film layer has a higher density than the film layer below. And let this be THE starting point for the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability as described above.
"After removing the cover, [from a glass filled with port wine] evaporation quickly increases, inciting a "reverse" front to climb out of the meniscus, followed by the formation of wine tears falling back into the bulk. The forming front is characterized by a depression, i.e. the film ahead of the front is thicker than the film behind it. It is in a sense, a "dewetting" front that leaves a thinner layer behind it."[Dukler, 2019]
The researchers tested their theory by looking at the formation of tears in a stemless Martini glass with Port wine. The shock wave was perceptible (see the figure below) and preceded the tears of the wine. The researchers applied some simplifications for the model, but also for the experiment. For example, a martini glass is used because this glass has a constant angle, and the model assumes a constant gradient in the surface tension (caused by the evaporation of the alcohol). The effect in different wine glasses with a convex surface (and in particular the theory behind it) needs to be further investigated.
The ridge of the film layer and therefore also the tears of the wine are caused by a shock wave. The top four photos show from left to right how a wave front forms out of the meniscus and stabilizes in the tears of the wine after 10 seconds. In the lower left photo you can see a close-up of the shock waves that run to the ridge at the top of the film layer. The term "rarefaction" indicates the zone in which the density of the wine is lower than in the rim due to the shock wave. The figure below on the right shows the stemless Martini glass as used by Dukler et al. to test their theory.
Adapted from Dukler, 2019 via non-exclusive distribution license
What do the tears say?
As the theory above shows, the speed with which the alcohol evaporates is particularly important for the formation of tears. This evaporation depends on the amount of alcohol in the wine, but for example also on room temperature, wine temperature, humidity and air pressure. In general, the more alcohol the wine contains, the more tears there are. However, it is difficult to keep all these conditions constant, and in a mountain village, or on a rainy day, the formation of tears will proceed differently than on a beautiful sunny day at the beach.
The speed with which the tears flow back into the glass says something about the viscosity of the wine. The slower the tears drip down, the syrupier the wine. This syrupiness depends among other things on the amount of alcohol, sugar and glycerol in the wine. Alcohol, but especially glycerol and sugar, increase the viscosity.
Read now: Chardonnay arose through inbreeding!
All these different variables make it very difficult to conclude anything based on the tears of the wine about the contents of the wine glass. Provided that you do not only have the alcohol content as a criterion, then the tears of the wine say nothing at all about the quality of the wine.
The tears are the secondary effect of the evaporation of alcohol from the wine. With the evaporation of the alcohol, however, all kinds of aromas also evaporate. The wine derives its scent (bouquet) from the evaporation of these aroma substances. Knowledge about the formation of tears, and therefore the evaporation of alcohol in the wine glass, can contribute


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Moses baskets are normally used when the baby is between the age group of 0- 9 months. They are comfortable and cozy for the newborn baby. Moses baskets are very safe for the baby to sleep in. They are portable and can be carried to places easily. They are the ideal choice for many parents as a newborn sleeps most of the time. They can also be placed in the car seat.
Some of the benefits of Moses baskets
- They are cozy, soft and provide a comfortable sleeping space for the baby.
- They are available in small size and are light weight.
- They are very easy to carry and move
- They can be raised on the stand or laid flat on the floor.
- They may also have hoods to cover and protect the baby from sun and cold.
- They are very hygienic and protect the skin of the baby from rashes and other irritations.
Certain safety measures to be taken care of when using a Moses basket:
- Never keep the basket near any heat sources or the radiators. Ensure that they are turned off or are set at lowest temperatures.
- Do not place the basket near the window.
- Do not keep the basket where there is direct sunlight. Keep the baskets away to avoid the rays of the sun falling on the baby?
- Do not keep any dangling object near the basket.
- Ensure the baby is sleeping on their back and not in any other position.


How Do I Assign an IP Address to a Lantronix Product?
Since most of our customers are experts in something besides networking, our most common question is 'how do we assign an IP address to a Lantronix product'? Of course DHCP (automatic assignment of the IP address and other parameters) is the easiest, but in some infrastructures a fixed IP is required. There are a number of methods to do this depending on the particular product. Take a look at the link below for helpful videos on this subject:
Video tutorials on assigning an IP address
Our written FAQs also address this subject. Here is an example: How do I assign an IP address to an XPort?


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Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.89, No.5, _PHONE_, 2011
REGENERATION OF WORKING SOLUTION IN THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCTION PROCESS
The regeneration of working solutions is an important procedure during the anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide production, which commonly uses activated alumina for this purpose. This study investigated the impact of different factors on regeneration performance using a fixed bed reactor and found that temperature, contact time, and the catalyst's active component were the key factors. Catalysts with higher alkali content improve regeneration performance. The catalysts' binders and the post-treatment method affect their physical strength, but steam counteracts this due to the reaction of the active component with water.


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The format of a panorama is defined in broad terms by the projection used to map the full or partial 3D scene onto a 2 dimensional print or screen. There are several types of projections in use:
Full Spherical Formats
There are two main spherical formats: Equirectangular and Cubic. Both are able to display the whole sphere that surrounds as - 360� along the horizon, 90� up and 90� down. Specialized viewers are needed to view spherical panoramas.
|The equirectangular format is widely used by a couple of Panorama Viewers as for example PTViewer and SPi-V. It consists of a single image with an aspect ratio of 2:1 (that is, the width must be exactly twice the hight).|
The cubic format uses 6 cube faces to fill the whole sphere around us. The image is remapped to the cubefaces which fit seamlessly.
One very wide spread cubic format is QuickTime VR. It consists of one file containing the 6 faces as JPEG compressed images together with a header giving basic information how the panorama should be displayed.
There is a number of possibilities to display partial panoramas - these are panoramas that don't fill the whole sphere in one or the other way. Partial panoramas can be displayed directly if they don't cover more than approximately 120� along the shorter side (that is they can be 360� in one direction but must be 120� or less in the other direction). The main formats are Cylindrical and Rectilinear, but partial spherical panoramas are possible, too.
Cylindrical panoramas can show a full circle along the horizon or a part of it. They are very popular for landscape panoramas. If used for architectural subjects it might bother that horizontal lines (except the horizon itself) are bend.
Rectilinear panoramas display the subject just like an ordinary (non-fisheye) lens would do. The horizontal and vertical field of view are limited to about 120�. Straight lines stay straight, hence they are good for architectural subjects. But if either field of view is too large they suffer from unnatural looking distortions in the corners.
To partial spherical panoramas applies basically the same as to full sphericals (see above). In most cases they are used to cut off Zenith or Nadir. Vertical field of view has to be limited in this case to prevent the viewer from misinterpreting the source images.


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The extract of the plant Corydalis yanhusuo prevents morphine tolerance and dependence while also reversing opiate addiction, research in animals indicates.
The findings appear in the journal Pharmaceuticals.
Over the past two decades, dramatic increases in opioid overdose mortality have occurred in the United States and other nations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has only worsened. The documented effects of YHS, the extract of the plant Corydalis yanhusuo, could have an immediate, positive impact, say researchers.
"It is critical that we decrease the use and abuse of opiates," says Olivier Civelli, professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of California, Irvine's School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences and corresponding author of the paper.
"To help achieve this goal, we are proposing the use of this therapeutic plant. When used in animals, the Corydalis extract prevents pain and the negative effects of opiate use. The next step would be to test it with humans."
The findings show that YHS, when co-administered with morphine, inhibits morphine tolerance, dependence, and addiction. If YHS is used with morphine at the start or during pain management, there will be less need for morphine and so less risk of addiction.
"Opiate tolerance is of utmost importance to opiate users," Civelli says. "They need to constantly increase the need of opiates to reach the same analgesic response. This is what leads to opiate overdose. YHS prevents opiate tolerance, so there is less need to increase opiate consumption."
YHS has been used as analgesic in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It's considered safe and readily available for purchase, either online or as a "botanical" in certain grocery stores.
Coauthors of the study are from UC Irvine and the Jordan University of Science and Technology.
Source: UC Irvine


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A museum display of rare opium pipes decorated with cloisonne, a type of enamel. From a special exhibition at Holland's Kunsthal Rotterdam that was on display in 2007.
A museum display of opium pipes adorned with tortoise shell. From a special exhibition at Holland's Kunsthal Rotterdam that was on display in 2007.
This pipe-stem was made from segments of ox horn carved to resemble a stem of bamboo. The pipe-stem has been fitted with a cloisonne saddle and topped with a octagonal ceramic pipe-bowl.
This bamboo pipe with a relatively simple silver saddle is crowned by a whimsical ceramic pipe-bowl shaped like a crab.
The vast majority of opium pipes featured a pipe-stem fashioned from a length of bamboo. This photo shows detail of the metal fitting known as a "saddle" by which the pipe-bowl was attached to the pipe-stem.
A rare opium pipe with a stem made from porcelain. There are only a handful of these pipes that survived the anti-opium eradication campaigns.
A rare opium pipe adorned with Canton enamel. Within the enamel-covered copper sheath is a peeled stem of bamboo. The endpieces are white jade, and the hexagonal pipe-bowl is ceramic.
A close-up of an opium pipe on a mother-of-pearl layout tray.
Many types of Asian pipes are mistaken for opium pipes, but there is only true opium pipe: one that was designed to vaporize the drug, not burn it. This was achieved by the means of a highly specialized pipe-bowl. The bowl, which actually looks nothing like a traditional bowl but rather like a door knob, was attached to a long stem by means of a metal fitting, referred to in English as a "saddle". The length of an opium pipe varied from approximately 15 inches (40cm) to about 22 inches (56cm). The most common material from which pipe stems were made was bamboo, but Chinese artisans experimented with myriad substitutes, including ivory, jade, horn, porcelain, as well as enamels such as cloisonne. The result was often a striking work of art.
From: The Art of Opium Antiques...now available at Amazon.com


this already long post at least somewhat palatable, I will show only two. Specifically, I want to explain self-subsumption (or self-subsuming resolution) and (bounded) variable elimination (BVE), but to explain them, I first have to explain resolution and subsumption.
Let's start with subsumption. Given 2 clauses, A and B, A subsumes B, \(A \subseteq B\), iff every literal from A is also present in B. What this means practically is that A is more restrictive in regards to satisfiability than B, and thus B can be thrown away.
Resolution is an inference rule that, given a set of existing clauses, allows us to create new clauses that do not change the satisfiability of the whole set of clauses because it is satisfied when its precursors are also satisfied. This is done by taking a pair of clauses that contain complementary literals, removing these complementary literals and splicing the rest of the clauses together. Complementary literals are literals where one of them is a negation of the other, e.g. \(x_{1}\) and \(\neg x_{1}\) are complimentary, while \(x_{1}\) and \(\neg x_{2}\) or \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{1}\) are not, because in the first pair the variables do not match and in the second pair, both literals have the same polarity.
This sounds complex, but it really is not. Here is a simple example, where the two clauses above the line are originals, and the clause below the line is the result of resolving them together:
\frac{x_1 \vee \neg x_2, \neg x_1 \vee x_3}{\neg x_2 \vee x_3}
A good way of thinking about how resolution works (and why it is correct) is to think through both of the possible assignments of variable \(x_1\). First, let us consider the case of \(x_1 = true\). In this case, the first original clause is satisfied, and the only way to satisfy the second clause is to assign \(x_3 = true\). This assignment means that the resolvent clause is also satisfied. The second option is to assign \(x_1 = false\). This satisfies the second clause, and to satisfy the first one as well, we need to assign \(x_2 = false\). This assignment also means that the resolvent clause is satisfied.
With this knowledge in hand, we can look at self-subsumption. Given 2 clauses, A and B, and their resolvent R, A is self-subsumed by B iff \( R \subseteq A \) (A is subsumed by R). This means that we can replace A with R, in effect shortening A by one literal.
As an example, take \((x_1 \vee x_2 \vee \neg x_3)\) as clause A and \((\neg x_1 \vee \neg x_3 )\) as clause B. The resolvent of these two clauses is \((x_2 \vee \neg x_3)\), which subsumes A. This means that A is self-subsumed by B.
(Bounded) variable elimination (BVE) is also simple. If we want to remove a specific variable x from a set of clauses, all we have to do is split all clauses containing that particular variable into two groups, one with all clauses where the variable's literal has positive polarity, and one with all clauses where the variable's literal has negative polarity. If we then resolve each clause from the first group with each clause from the second group, we get a (potentially large) set of resolvents without x. If we then replace the original clauses with the resolvents, we removed x from the original set of clauses, without changing the satisfiability of the set as a whole.
Unlike self-subsumption, which will always simplify the SAT instance, variable elimination might make it harder. The reason is that it trades a variable for clauses, which might be beneficial, but does not have to be. This leads to the idea of bounded variable elimination, where a variable is only eliminated if the resulting number of clauses is bounded in some way, e.g. in the total number of added clauses[22], or the size of resulting clauses.
That's it for part 3, but not for this series, because I still have at least two more posts planned, one of which will again be theoretical.
 1. Simple explanation of the MaxSAT problem is that you have to find how many clauses in an unsatisfiable SAT problem can be satisfied. ↩
 2. Determinizing a local-search algorithm has proven that the upper-bound on algorithmic complexity of solving a generic CNF-SAT with n variables and m clauses is \[\mathcal{O}\left(2^{n\left(1 - \frac{1}{\ln{\frac{m}{n}} + \mathcal{O}\ln{\ln{m}}}\right)}\right)\] You can improve this significantly if you limit yourself to 3-SAT (SAT where every clause consists of exactly 3 literals), to just \(\mathcal{O}(1.473^{n})\). ↩
 3. At least conceptually. Implementing DPLL/CDCL in a performant manner can be quite complex. ↩
 4. All literals of such variable become positive if any of them becomes positive. Therefore, all clauses containing that variable can be trivially satisfied and thus removed. ↩
 5. In other words, we have reached the state of the art in the 1960s. ↩
 6. This part is very hand-wavy because the exact details of conflict analysis are complex and beyond the scope of this post. ↩
 7. The largest problem we've had a SAT solver successfully solve contained ~300M variables and almost 1 billion clauses. Using MiniSat and our know-how, it took 15 minutes to solve it. ↩
 8. The (z)Chaff solver was a significant upgrade on the capabilities and performance of SAT solvers, and is often considered as the first CDCL SAT solver with "modern" performance. It also pioneered at least 2 techniques that are still used with only minor modifications, (2-)Watched Literals and VSIDS heuristic. ↩
 9. This is because a single cache-line can hold these summaries for 8 clauses, as opposed to \( \leq 2 \) clauses. ↩
 10. The specific improvement depends on the problem, but for most problems, CDCL can deal with an order (or two) of magnitude more variables than plain DPLL. ↩
 11. Given the underlying learning mechanisms, LBD score of 2 is the lowest, and thus the best, that can be achieved when ranking a learnt clause. ↩
 12. If the conflict resolution and clause learning are done in a specific way, the learnt clause can be guaranteed to always have only one variable from the lower decision level. ↩
 13. As long as we assume that the random number generation is independent for each clause. ↩
 14. Said Jabbour, Jerry Lonlac, Lakhdar Sais and Yakoub Salhi, Revisiting the Learned Clauses Database Reduction Strategies, CoRR, 2014 ↩
 15. In fact, variants of the VSIDS heuristic function might still be the dominant heuristic. Recently there has been a paper on using the current understanding of SAT problem structure to design a new heuristic function, and the result was very promising, as the new heuristic dominated VSIDS when implemented in MiniSat. However, I have not kept up with it so it might not have panned out. ↩
 16. In practice, VSIDS updates are not as expensive as they would appear, because we can get the same results if we, instead of decaying the counters of all variables, keep multiplying \(c_{add}\) by \(1 \over{c_{decay}}\). In a sufficiently large problem, this approach will eventually lead to an overflow, but that can be also solved by periodically renormalizing the counters and \(c_{add}\). ↩
 17. There is a reason why naming things is one of the three "two hard things in CS". ↩
 18. The exact definition of learning rate (LR) of a variable is intentionally left ambiguous. The very rough answer is that it is the ratio of learnt clauses that contained a given variable to the total number of clauses learnt when that variable was set. ↩
 19. General version of this idea is called phase saving and is surprisingly powerful. The motivation behind it is that if a variable was given specific assignment via BCP, then there is likely a good reason for that assignment and thus it should be reused. ↩
 20. Strictly speaking, this is not actually true. Glucose 2.1 uses \(K = 0.8\) because it multiplies the average LBD of the last X clauses by K. I think multiplying the average LBD of all clauses is more intuitive and \(K =


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Campaign! Make an Impact
British Library (see website) with partners – see below
Campaign! Make an Impact is an innovative British Library developed programme that uses history to inspire young people into active citizenship.
This cross-curricular programme uses historical campaigns to inspire and teach campaign skills, enabling children and young people to run their own campaigns about issues that affect them today. It's based around a three step model which:
- uses historical campaigns along with museum, library and archive collections
- teaches young people creative campaigning skills
- lets young people choose what they would like to campaign for and enables them to run creative campaigns.
So far they have chosen topics such as bullying, somewhere to go after school, knife crime, the right to be heard, child abuse, school food and litter.
See list below for some of the participating museums, libraries and archives:
Hull Museum Education Service
For information on the full Campaign! Make an Impact Programme, classroom and web resources and information on how to get involved go to the website (see link above)
The Campaign! Make an Impact model is extremely flexible and can be used for:
- a range of curriculum subjects at KS2-4 including History, Citizenship, ICT, English, Drama, Art
- Enterprise Education, Personal Learning and Thinking Skills, Every Child Matters, Extended Services, cross-curricular/enhanced curriculum days, SEAL, Working with the local community, School Councils, Working on whole school issues.
The Quakers: Ordinary People Doing Extraordinary Things from Ryedale Folk Museum is our most recently published Campaign! Make an Impact learning journey.
Prisons and Penal Reform in the 1800s from the National Centre for Citizenship and the Law
Using museum collections as a stimulus for modern day campaigning Read More »
The Quakers: Ordinary People Doing Extraordinary Things
Investigate historical campaigns to inspire modern active citizenship Read More »
Campaigners Make an Impact in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
Using Yorkshire's History to Change Your World Read More »


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Using the Accessibility Class
Visual Studio 6.0
As with any other class module, you'll need to create a new instance of the Accessibility class before you can use its properties. To do so, you create a variable that will refer to the new instance and work with that variable directly, like this:
Dim oAccess As Accessibility
' and then, later in your code:
Set oAccess = New Accessibility
' or just use:
' Dim oAccess As New Accessibility
' if you don't care when the object gets created.
Once you've created the object, use it as you would any other object, setting and retrieving its properties. For example, the following fragment enables the StickyKeys functionality, enables the hot key, and turns on the sound effect when users use the feature:
Dim oAccess As New Accessibility
With oAccess
 'No point working with this feature if it's not
 'available on this computer.
 If.skAvailable Then
 .skActive = True
 .skHotKeyActive = True
 .skAudibleFeedback = True
 End If
End With
Some of the Accessibility class properties are interrelated, so read the descriptions carefully. For example, you cannot set both the fkBounceMSec and fkDelayMSec properties to nonzero values. If you try to set them both, Windows disregards your changes.
If you receive error 91, "Object variable or With block variable not set," it's almost guaranteed that you've declared an object variable but haven't instantiated it yet. You must use the New keyword to create an object; otherwise, you're just creating a variable that can refer to the object. Make sure you either use New when you declare the object or use the Set keyword to point the variable you created to a new instance of the object. (See Chapter 5 for more information on creating and using object variables.)
© 1997 by SYBEX Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
Definition: method to measure the amount of a substance using an antibody against the substance for specificity and a radioactive label for detection and measurement.
Radioimmunoassay Definition - A highly sensitive and specific assay method that uses the competition between radiolabeled and unlabeled substances in an antigen-antibody reaction to determine the concentration of the unlabeled substance; it can be used to determine antibody concentrations or to determine the concentration of any substance against which specific antibody can be produced. Abbreviated RIA (source: NDI Foundation).
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) from Wikipedia - a scientific method used to test antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) without the need to use a bioassay. It involves mixing known quantities of radioactive antigen (frequently labeled with gamma-radioactive isotopes of iodine attached to tyrosine) with antibody to that antigen, then adding unlabeled or "cold" antigen and measuring the amount of labeled antigen displaced.
Steroid Radioimmunoassay - The following protocol is used in the laboratory of Professor John Wingfield at the University of Washington, Seattle. It is meant to be used under supervision in this lab. Normally it may take several weeks or even months to become proficient with the assay techniques. The Wingfield Lab is not responsible for consequences occurring when persons attempt to use this protocol on their own.
Radioimmunoassay Technique - The technique was introduced in 1960 by Berson and Yalow as an assay for the concentration of insulin in plasma. It represented the first time that hormone levels in the blood could be detected by an in vitro assay.


text:
Send an E-Postcard of:
Western slope showing North Adams
(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
Contact us for information about using this image.
More and more Americans took to the road on bicycles and automobiles at the turn of the 20th century. Demands for smoother, improved roads increased as the number of riders and drivers increased. The Mohawk Trail was an ancient route dating from North America's post-glacial period some ten thousand years ago. By the late 1800s, it had become a popular destination for drivers seeking out scenic roads and vistas. This postcard, from around 1915, shows the Mohawk Trail as it looked when the Massachusetts State Legislature designated it a scenic route in 1914. The road was not paved until six years later.
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Environmental harshness and unpredictability, life history, and social and academic behavior of adolescents in nine countries.
Safety is essential for life. To survive, humans and other animals have developed sets of psychological and physiological adaptations known as life history (LH) tradeoff strategies in response to various safety constraints. Evolutionarily selected LH strategies in turn regulate development and behavior to optimize survival under prevailing safety conditions. The present study tested LH hypotheses concerning safety based on a 6-year longitudinal sample of 1,245 adolescents and their parents from 9 countries. The results revealed that, invariant across countries, environmental harshness, and unpredictability (lack of safety) was negatively associated with slow LH behavioral profile, measured 2 years later, and slow LH behavioral profile was negatively and positively associated with externalizing behavior and academic performance, respectively, as measured an additional 2 years later. These results support the evolutionary conception that human development responds to environmental safety cues through LH regulation of social and learning behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Chang, L; Lu, HJ; Lansford, JE; Skinner, AT; Bornstein, MH; Steinberg, L; Dodge, KA; Chen, BB; Tian, Q; Bacchini, D; Deater-Deckard, K; Pastorelli, C; Alampay, LP; Sorbring, E; Al-Hassan, SM; Oburu, P; Malone, PS; Di Giunta, L; Tirado, LMU; Tapanya, S
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Pubmed Central ID
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)


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The Alliance for the Great Lakes is happy to present H.O.M.E.School, a series of online lessons about the Great Lakes for kids in grades K-8.
Each lesson explores a different topic with a quick video from our education manager Katie Larson. After the "classroom" portion, students can apply their knowledge with a fun, hands-on activity they can do at home or at school. For educators and those who want to learn more, we offer resources to dig in deeper on the topic with links to other lessons and activities.
Want to get started right away? Your kids can watch the video below to meet Katie and learn a fun trick for remembering the names of the Great Lakes. Then they can test their knowledge with a fun online activity!
My colleagues and I have been thrilled to use H.O.M.E.School as our online science unit for firstand second-grade students throughout the coronavirus quarantine. The lesson plans are flexible, well-paced, and cohesively connected from week to week. A good variety of optional follow-up activities are always included so that parents can extend the learning as their schedules allow. Best of all, the lessons are fun and launch student exploration of concrete, real-world issues. –Chris Weber, teacher


text: The remarkable capability of planarian regeneration is mediated by a group of adult stem cells referred to as neoblasts. Although these cells possess many unique cytological characteristics (e.g. they are X-ray sensitive and contain chromatoid bodies), it has been difficult to isolate them after cell dissociation. This is one of the major reasons why planarian regenerative mechanisms have remained elusive for a long time. Here, we describe a new method to isolate the planarian adult stem cells as X-ray-sensitive cell populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Dissociated cells from whole planarians were labeled with fluorescent dyes prior to fractionation by FACS. We compared the FACS profiles from X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated planarians, and thereby found two cell fractions which contained X-ray-sensitive cells. These fractions, designated X1 and X2, were subjected to electron microscopic morphological analysis. We concluded that X-ray-sensitive cells in both fractions possessed typical stem cell morphology: an ovoid shape with a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm, and chromatoid bodies in the cytoplasm. This method of isolating X-ray-sensitive cells using FACS may provide a key tool for advancing our understanding of the stem cell system in planarians.


Experience Certificate Letter Format
How to write and format an experience certificate to an employee?
 - Identify the person by name.
 - Specify the last job title of the employee.
 - Specify the start and end dates of the employment period.
 - Mention any promotions if applicable.
 - List the tasks and responsibilities held at the company.
 - Write a sentence or two to assess the employee during their service.
Sample Letter
[Company Name]
Subject: Experience Letter
To whom it may concern:
This is to certify that [Mr. John Smith] worked in [Company Name] in the capacity of [Job Title] from [employment starting date] until [employment end date].
He started his journey as [starting job title] and was later promoted to [title at the time of exit].
[Mr. John] was primarily responsible for _________________ and his everyday tasks list included:
1) ____________
2) ____________
3) ____________
During his employment period, [Mr. John] exhibited professional behavior as well as inherent traits to successfully complete projects and tasks on time.
We are proud that we had him in own team and wish him the best in his future endeavors.
See Also Certification Letter
Experience Certificate Letter Format


text:
Parents of Kindergarden students at a school in Larchmont, NY are protesting because they feel that the school is practicing segregation by grouping all of the minority Kindergarteners into one classroom with an African American teacher.
The parents took their case to Washington, DC and informed the federal government of the school's practices. The parents say that they informed the school that what they were doing was wrong, but their concerns were ignored.
The town of Larchmont is made up of 91 percent white residents so there isn't a lot of diversity.
The parents claim of discrimination was reviewed by the Federal Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights who found that "minority students were disproportionately assigned to one particular kindergarten class for two years reviewed."
The school district has denied any wrongdoing and agreed to have the federal government oversee race platement in the classroom for the next two years.
Some parents are now calling for other classrooms to be investigated for the same discriminatory practices.


Students angry about biology exam question with no biology in it
GCSE students have become enraged after a question in their biology exam contained no biology.
The students have taken to Twitter to air their frustrations, and even started a full-blown Wikipedia edit war in reaction to the question, which many of them believe would be more at home in Business Studies.
Wiki war
The exam, which took place on Tuesday, asked the question: "What is meant by the term independent business?"
The question, which many students weren't prepared for, prompted a lot of outrage on twitter and an edit war on the Independent Business wikipedia page.
In case you're wondering how Independent Business is related to biology, Wikipedia defines it as:
Nope, that's not right... someone must have edited the page. Let's try again. An independent business is:
"An independent business is a Stupid Fucking question made up by the AQA writers whilst they were drunk with the 15 year old pissheads. I HATE AQA."
That definition isn't right either. Personal favourite definition:
Y u do dis, Assessment and Qualifications Alliance??
The actual definition is:
"An independent business is a business that is free from outside control. It usually means a privately owned establishment, as opposed to a publicly limited company, which is owned by investment shares traded in the stock market. In many cases, independent businesses are sole proprietorship companies."
What is this, Business Studies??
The question on the GCSE paper related to a drugs trial company (which is tangentially related to biology, we guess?) but most students were angry that their biology paper was asking business studies questions.
Others are revising English texts for their chemistry exams.
Someone has even created a "Hitler reacts to AQA biology" video in which Hitler's terrified lackeys have to break the news that Hitler's biology revision has all been for nothing.
Meanwhile, the examiner from AQA took to editing Wikipedia to defend the question.
Loved this? You'll love these freebies even more.


text:
Title: A Journey In Southern Siberia The Mongols Their Religion And Their Myths Author: Benjamin Engel Subject: a journey in southern siberia the mongols their.It is a journey that lasts for around. connecting Siberia was proposed by many.A-Z Guide of Trans-Siberian Railway Journey. begin your journey in southern Portugal from.A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths (Paperback).If you are looking for The Origins Of Southern Sharecropping.
Emergence of People in North America. Beringia was a large landmass spreading east from Siberia and extending deep into Alaska. Prehistory of Southern Idaho.Beginning in her hometown of Moscow, Yulya leads us to southern Siberia and ends in Leningrad (now St.
Once-in-a-lifetime Journey along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Scattered across Siberia are countless other beautiful and.Since the Trans-Siberian Railway travels through southern Siberia,.
Famous people of Irkutsk. In 1751 his diaries were published in Gottingen under the title Journey Across Siberia, which was. including Southern Siberia.Join Berg Adventures for a magnificent journey of discovery to Siberia and the. both of the more populated southern end of.The same markers cluster in people who today inhabit the Altay region of southern Siberia, suggesting it was the starting point for.If you are looking for A Journey In Southern Siberia, our library is free for you.


text:
The Abacus and the Numeral Frame - The Japanese Abacus
Most recent Japanese abaci (soroban) have one counter above and four below. Some older Japanese instruments have five counters in the lower section. The right-most column represents units, the next tens, the next hundreds, etc. For numbers with digits to the right of the decimal point, the first column is for the smallest decimal term. In multiplication, some columns are used for the number being multiplied and some for the product. In part for this reason, there are more columns on most abaci than are usually used in addition. In any calculation, the counters that represent numbers are those moved against the crossbar.
"The Abacus and the Numeral Frame - The Japanese Abacus" showing 1 items.
- This wooden instrument has an open frame and is stored in an open wooden box. The frame (which lifts out of the box) has a cross bar and holds 21 parallel bamboo rods. Each rod holds one bead above the cross bar and five below. The beads have a similar shape to those of other Japanese abaci. All the columns of the abacus except the center one are labeled with Japanese characters on the cross bar.
- According to the donor,writing found on the back of the cross bar indicates that the abacus was made by Oh Tani (or Oh Ya) in Hiroshima and owned by Yoshizaemon Muraoka of Sakata-ken (a city in northern Japan, which was known by that name from 1871 until 1933, when it became Sakata-shi).
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1900
- Oh Tani or Oh Ya
- ID Number
- catalog number
- accession number
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center


text:
At the 24th APS Annual Convention, Iris Mauss will host a workshop called Studying Emotions in the Laboratory. Mauss is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her own emotion research focuses on emotion regulation and how emotion regulation affects wellbeing. She has given the Observer a preview of what she will cover in her workshop.
What methods for studying emotion are you going to discuss in your workshop?
For inducing emotion, we will discuss advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, including pictures, film clips, and naturalistic interactions. For measuring emotion, we will cover advantages and disadvantages of three common measures: experience, facial behavior, and autonomic physiology. From within this wide range of methods, the workshop will focus on those of particular interest to workshop attendees.
How can researchers measure emotional responses empirically? Can you give an example of the standards you use for your own research?
This is a very complex, big, and tricky question that relates to the larger question of what an emotion is. Briefly, researchers often take a multi-method approach to measure the intensity of participants' emotions. In the workshop, we will focus on three common approaches to doing so: experience sampling (e.g., asking participants how much anger they felt), coding facial behavior (e.g., coding from videotapes the intensity of facial expressions of anger), and measuring autonomic physiology (e.g., measuring participants' blood pressure).
What are some challenges researchers encounter while studying emotion in the lab?
There are two major questions that researchers who want to study emotions in the laboratory are faced with. First, how can scientists ethically make participants emotional (evoke emotions such as sadness, happiness, or anger) in the laboratory? And second, how can scientists measure whether an emotion has occurred and how intense the emotion was? Basically, the whole workshop will deal with how to overcome these challenges, and we will talk about various ways to address these challenges as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Why should convention attendees come to your workshop? What can they expect to take away from your presentation?
I think conference attendees who would benefit from this workshop are those who seek a brief and practical introduction to studying emotions in the laboratory. Attendees should emerge from the workshop with the ability to begin to design rigorous laboratory studies involving emotion.
Leave a comment below and continue the conversation.


text:
This is a description of how to use paper chromatography of amino acids (to identify amino acids).
- To demonstrate separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
- To use chromatography to identify amino acids
- Chromatography tank and lid
- Chromatography paper (or filter paper), to fit tank
- Capillary tubes or pasteur pipettes
- Amino acid samples in 1 molar hydrochloric acid (IRRITANT)
- Unknown samples (e.g. 'unknown' mix or filtered fruit juice)
- Solvent (BAW): Butan-1-ol : Acetic acid : Water 60 : 15 : 25 (FLAMMABLE, TOXIC)
- Hairdryer or heating tray
- Spray can of Indanetrione (Ninhydrin) 1% in butan-1-ol (FLAMMABLE, TOXIC)
- Latex gloves
- Access to fume cupboard
- Drying oven at 100°C
BAW solvent should be made up fresh on the day
Using a pencil, lightly draw a line 1.5–2 cm above the bottom of the chromatography paper. Make small marks at 1.5 cm intervals along the line.
Fill a capillary tube or pipette by capillary action with your first sample. Touch the tip of the capillary to the first mark and pull it away. You should leave a small (>5 mm) wet spot. Let this dry and apply the sample again. Make a note of which sample is placed on the spot (you can lightly write on the paper beneath the mark, using a pencil). Repeat for each sample or mixture, on a different mark and using a fresh tube or pipette each time. Let the paper dry.
Put 1 cm or less of BAW into the chromatography tank. The sample spots should not dip into the solvent. Place the tank in a cool place out of direct sunlight. Stand the chromatography paper in the tank so that the bottom edge is in the solvent but the remaining paper does not touch the tank. Place the lid on the tank and leave for about 1 hour.
Wearing gloves, remove the damp paper and mark where the solvent has reached. Dry the paper in the fume cupboard. Still in the fume cupboard, spray the whole of the paper with ninhydrin in butanol. Dry the paper and transfer it to the drying oven for 1–2 min.
Mark the position of each spot that develops. Note the colour and Rf (or travel distance) of each standard and hence find the amino acid composition of the unknown samples.
- Acetic acid
- Irritant vapour. On skin; flood with water. Ventilate area.
- Highly flammable. Remove ignition sources
- Harmful by inhalation. Irritant vapour. Use fume cupboard.
- Hydrochloric acid 1 molar
- Irritant, may cause burns. On skin; flood with water. Spills, neutralise with sodium bicarbonate.
- Irritant. Wear gloves. Indanetrione, spilt on the skin, is not immediately noticeable. It stains skin purple, slowly, and even seems to work through gloves. Wash frequently to remove it.
- Hot Oven; also produces Butan-1-ol fumes.
- Remove papers wearing gloves, or use forceps. Ventilate area


text:
Revision as of 13:45, 21 August 2007 by Donald.eclipse.org
The Requirements Council has three main responsibilities:
- Drive the evolution of the [[RequirementsCouncilThemesAndPriorities
| Eclipse Themes and Priorities]] which serve three main purposes:
- Drive the creation of the Eclipse Road Map, used by the Ecosystem to understand in a snap-shot format the direction and challenges we face
- Help projects focus on important issues
- Consolidate terminology used frequently in the Eclipse Ecosystem
- Maintain a list of, and drive to resolution of, important issues and challenges facing the Eclipse Ecosystem
- Network with each other and the Ecosystem to consolidate public knowledge involving Strategic Members planned directions with Eclipse technology
- The Requirements Council Organization Presentation Template is the template used for presentations about what your Orgnization is doing with Eclipse.
- The Requirements Council is undertaking to track and promote issues related to Eclipse. See the Requirements Council Issue Tracking page.
- All past meeting minutes and a list of the council members can be found on the Eclipse Foudation Councils page.


Body Image
Why do I have large ankles and is there anything I can do about them?
A Answers (1)
 - AMehmet Oz, MD, Cardiology, answered
 1 143 03 cankles
 Cankles or large ankles are often hereditary but can also be caused by health conditions, some serious.
 To learn more about large ankles and what causes them, watch Dr. Oz discuss the topic in this video.
Did You See? Close
How does exercise boost my body image?


In Chapter 8 of To Kill a Mockingbird, why does Scout think that the world is going to end and on what does Mr. Avery blame this weather?
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Posted on (Answer #1)
Scout's response to waking up in the morning after a long night's sleep and seeing strange objects falling from the sky is probably not unusual for a small child living in the Deep South. It was her first sight of snow, and she had no idea what it was.
"The world's endin', Atticus!"
It was Jem's first look at snow as well, but at least he figured out what it was. When the kids went outside to play in Miss Maudie's yard (they were trying to save the snow in their own yard), they were harassed again by Mr. Avery. He had already blamed Jem and Scout for the unusually cold recent weather, telling them that it "was written on the Rosetta Stone" that children who behaved badly caused the seasons to change. This time he blamed them on the snow as well, telling them that it was the first time it had "snowed in Maycomb since Appomattox"--the sight of General Robert E. Lee's surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in 1865.
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Wireless Alarm System
A wireless alarm system such as GE's Choice Alert system or the LYNXR wireless systems from Ademco is a cable-free alternative to a hardwired system. Designed with a particular zone capacity, different wireless alarm systems allow for more or less monitoring around a home and its perimeter. Installation is much less complicated with a wireless system, for no circuit has to be run from the central control panel to every entry point in a home. Wireless systems rely instead on transmitters to send signals from monitoring points to the control panel.
Wireless Alarm Components
Included with every wireless system is a main control panel which typically is built with a keypad for programming and a siren for sounding the alarm. Basic sets also include one or more transmitters, a motion detector designed to be immune to large pet movement and a rechargeable battery. Some systems include a wireless transmitter for a keychain and a transformer for X10 compatibility.
Features differ between products, but all wireless systems are able to support a number of monitoring zones, typically from 20 to 40. A single programmed hardwire zone is usually a feature of the control panel. Also commonly included are a two-way voice system, viewable event log, voice prompt programming and with some systems Internet alarm signaling support.