Variance in Weapons by Country
The Country Similarity Index attempts to quantify how similar countries are to each other relative to other countries. The index is a statistically-based way to measure this. 20% of the index is based on technology. 10% of a country's technology score (2% of the overall Country Similarity Index score) is allocated for the country's weapons and military infrastructure. The following are the aspects that were included in the calculation:
Firearms per Capita
The United States has by far the most guns per capita of any country, more than twice the amount of the next highest country. After the United States, European countries tend to have the most, however Yemen, Uruguay, and Canada also have high numbers. East Asian countries tend to have the lowest amount of guns per capita.
The Small Arms Survey is the main source of the data:
Countries were grouped into the following categories by firearms per 100 people:
0-7.5, 7.5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-120
Origin of battle tanks and standard assault riffles
Many smaller countries import their weapons from other countries, since there may not be a reliable manufacturer in the country. Larger countries tend to manufacture their own weapons. The main suppliers of battle tanks are Russia and the United States. Germany is another major supplier. As for assault weapons, Russian-made weapons, especially the AK-47, are prevalent throughout Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia.
The Reddit and Wikipedia are main sources of the data:
Military Spending per Capita
Many countries in the Middle East tend to spend a lot of money on the military, due to ongoing conflict there. The United States, Australia, Norway, and Singapore also spend a lot. They all spend more than $1,000 per person every year. In general, wealthier countries spend more per capita. Most countries spend less than $100 per person ever year. Some countries like Iceland and Costa Rica do not even have a standing army.
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute is the main source of the data:
Countries were categorized by the amount of money spent on the military per year per capita:
$0-125, $125-250, $250-500, $_PHONE_, $_PHONE_
Military Sophistication
Combat can be fought in the air, on the ground, or at sea. Most countries have battle tanks to aid their army. Having an air force is also quite common. Navies are less common than armies and air forces, since it can be dependent on the country's geography. Very few landlocked countries have navies. Only a select few countries have nuclear weapons as well.
The Wikipedia is the main source of the data:
Countries were categorized by the types of military equipment they possess, including:
Battle Tanks, Fighter Aircraft, Naval Battleships, Nuclear Weapons
Police Officers per Capita
Brunei and Mauritius are two of the countries with the most police per capita. In contrast, many African countries have a low amount of police per capita. The global average is around 400 police officers per 100,000 people.
Wikipedia is the main source of the data:
Countries were categorized by the number of police officers they have per 100,000 people:
0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-800, _PHONE_
Obviously there is no one clear way to determine how similar one country is to another. How would you quantify how similar one country is to another?
Please leave any thoughts in the comments section.
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We're currently experiencing colder-than-seasonal weather here in Seattle. This is causing a lot of problems with burst water pipes. Here is a picture of a couple of issues suffered by a friend of mine Ian.
|Photo Credit: Ian Mercer|
Why do water pipes burst, and why do they always fail the same way? These are two interesting questions.
Water pipes burst because the water inside them expands is it gets close to freezing, and this causes an increase in pressure inside the pipe. When the pressure gets too high for the pipe to contain, it ruptures.
We grew up with water all around us and so this expansion phenomenon seems natural, but interestingly, it is a chemical anomaly. Most liquids do not expand just before transition to solid. You should be thankful for this; it is one of the reasons that life exists.
When a liquid cools the molecules slow down (temperature really is just a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules). This slowing down allows the molecules to get closer together and increases the density of the liquid. This happens with water too, and when water is cooled down, it gets denser and denser, down to 3.98°C then, something interesting occurs; it starts to expand again.
You can see this effect on the graph below which shows how the density of pure water changes with temperature (at one atmosphere). You can see how density reaches a maximum at 3.98°C.
Because of the shape of a water molecule, it is slightly polarized. The electrons buzzing around it are more likely to be on one side of the molecule than the other (called a dipole), and this asymmetry creates a slight potential. Water molecules are attracted to each others' opposite sides. These potentials create weak bonds that are called Hydrogen Bonds. Hydrogen bonds, whilst not as strong as covalent bonds or ionic bonds, are stronger that van der Vaals forces.
This extra hydrogen-bond 'glue' holding water molecules together is the reason why water is a liquid at everyday temperatures and pressures (another one of the reasons life exists). Other chemical compounds similar to H2O, but without the benefit of Hydrogen bonds, are all gases in typical Earth temperature ranges.
The Hydrogen-bonds in water are also the reason why water has such a high specific heat capacity (the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of water one degree); this helps dampen our weather and stops the Earth changing in temperature too rapidly. It also means that water is great for carrying energy around (like in power stations and hydronic central heating systems). It's also why it takes a lot of energy to boil a kettle to make a nice cup of tea!
As water cools, like other liquids, the molecules slow down and get denser. A competing force, however, is the desire for the water molecules to align with other water molecules based on their Hydrogen bonds, and this causes expansion. Below the temperature of 3.98°C down to 0°C, this alignment expansion process wins out against the desire of slower molecules to get closer, and density decreases.
Whilst not completely understood, it is this expansion that causes beautiful snowflakes to form with their characteristic six points.
This decrease in density continues until the water finally freezes to form ice. Water expands to form ice which has a volume up to 9% greater than the water it came from. It is this reason that icebergs float (being less dense than the water they displace).
Again, it seems natural to us that ice floats, because we grew up this all effect all around us, but this is atypical.
Most other liquids, when freezing, do not form a solid 'crust' on top. As they cool, the solid formed, being denser, drops to the bottom of the cooling liquid and the solid grows up from the bottom!
This irregular behavior of water is yet another reason that life exists. When water freezes, it floats to the top, forming a skin which insulates the water below. When a river or lake freezes on top, life continues below in the liquid left underneath.
We know now that is it the expansion of water causing excess pressure inside the pipe that causes it to rupture. The second question to answer is why they always seem to burst parallel to the direction of the pipe?
(Regular readers of my blog will find a lot of duplication in this topic to my posting about why sausages split the way they do. It's the same reason).
Let's model a section of water pipe as a thin-walled cylinder with hemispherical end caps.
What does that mean? It means that we're only concerned with modelling the wall of pipe (the thing that fails). Thin-walled means that the thickness of pipe is considered negligible compared to the diameter of the pipe (in this way, we only need to consider the tension in the wall).
According to Pascal's Principle we'll assume the pressure of the fluid inside the pipe is uniform.
Because of cylindrical symmetry we don't need to worry about shear stress in the pipe wall. If we examine a small square on the surface we can consider the forces resolved in two perpendicular directions: Hoop Stress which runs around the pipe like a ring, and Longitudinal Stress which runs axially up the pipe.
Stress is defined as Force per Area, and can be calculated by dividing the forces experienced over the cross-section upon which they are applied. We'll use the Greek letter σ to represent stress.
|r||Radius of pipe|
|t||Thickness of wall|
|P||Pressure inside pipe|
Imagine a cross section cut through the pipe revealing a circular section. Axial stress passes passing longitudinally through this ring section and must balance out the pressure force experienced internally (equilibrium).
σe = Force / Area
The force pulling the pipe apart, end-to-end, is the internal pressure multiplied by the cross sectional area.
Force = Pressure x (Cross-sectional area of pipe)
Force = Pπr2
The area this force is applied over is the thin ring of wall around the edge:
Area = 2πrt
Combining these, we can calculate the longitudinal stress:
σe = Pπr2 / 2πrt
σe = Pr / 2t
(You can see from the derivation of this stress calculation that the longitudinal stress is proportional to the cross section area of the pipe.)
To calculate the hoop stress, we look at a slice down the center line of the pipe and consider the forces in a small hoop of width dx.
As before we calculate the force by the internal pressure multiplied by the area it is applied over:
Force = P.2r.dx
The area this force is applied over is the two parts of the ring at the top and bottom of the cylinder:
Area = 2.t.dx
Combining these, we can calculate the longitudinal stress:
σh = P.2r.dx / 2.t.dx
σh = Pr / t
Comparing the two results, we can see that the hoop stress in the wall is twice that of the of the longitudinal stress. It should, therefore, be no surprise that pipes burst through a hoop failure and create a rupture that runs perpendicular to the line of maximum stress.
Insulate your pipes this Winter!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Ashley Magnetic World Map - 12 " Width X 17 " Height
item #: ASH77013
World map features a handy, magnetic backing for damage-free display on any magnetic-receptive surface in your room. Write-on/wipe-off surface allows you to write directly on the map and quickly wipes clean for fast edits and cleanup. Its blank format allows students to write down each country or draw out significant landscapes to help keep them engaged throughout your lesson. Plus, every country is shaded in an assortment of highly visible colors to allow your young learners to easily distinguish the borders.


There is an apparent need to have pressurants in both pressure fed and pump fed systems. However, since pump fed systems can create the necessary pressure, they can work with less pressurants and lesser storage pressures making tanks thinner. What other differences exist between these two systems within the context of pressurants and would someone care to elaborate on it?
 - $\begingroup$ This could be a related question to " Why do pump and pressure fed liquid engines need to operate at high pressures? " $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 25 '19 at 12:33
While you're correct in your assessment of "since pump fed systems can create the necessary pressure, they can work with less pressurants and lesser storage pressures making tanks thinner" you may be missing the degree to which these two differ. Some other concerns exist, but they are secondary - the main issue is the vast difference in pressure needed.
Of top importance in rocketry are the engine thrust and specific impulse - both depending on speed at which the gases are ejected from the nozzle, thrust additionally accounting for mass flow ratio. Directly related to energy of the propellant obtained through combustion, which is derived from combustion temperature and combustion chamber pressure. In short, the higher the chamber pressure the more efficient and more powerful the rocket. There are some more factors to that, but this one is one of most important.
And the fuel and oxidizer must be delivered into the chamber - pushed into it at pressure higher than the combustion chamber pressure plus whatever resistance the plumbing, injectors, possibly regenerative cooling system too, create.
For pump-fed systems, the pressurant needs only to overcome the (minor) resistance of plumbing between the tank and the pump - even less so if the pump provides suction, just assuring so there are no vacuum bubbles which would cause serious trouble, assuring uninterrupted flow with no resistance, and even some help from the pump.
In pressure-fed system the pressurant must overcome the combustion chamber pressure, plus all resistances along the way (injectors etc).
This will result both in the tank being significantly more rugged, holding against pressure equivalent to that of the combustion chamber instead of token increase over ambient, and also it will severely limit the combustion chamber pressure - and as result, the engine efficiency. The short ruggedized piping between the pump and the chamber is much, much smaller than the entire big tank, so one can afford to keep it much thicker and more durable, able to withstand much higher pressures.
Obviously, the trade-off is the cost, complexity and failure modes of the pump. It's a very complex and expensive device that also can fail in many ways pressure fed system wouldn't. (admittedly, it also protects against some failure modes characteristic to pressure-fed systems though.)
 - $\begingroup$ Does scale of the vehicle warrant the usage of one over the other? Pressurant will always be a mass of little value but has a better reliability and less chances of failure due to usage of a simpler system. Do pressurants also help against sloshing and its effects within tanks as the fuel drains. How does pressurant volume and ullage compare in a pump fed system $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 26 '19 at 11:22
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: All very good questions which I believe deserve to be asked on the site and get full answers on their own instead of whatever may fit in the comments. $\endgroup$ – SF. Mar 26 '19 at 11:34
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer, and I will put them up as questions. $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 26 '19 at 12:12
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text:
Marine Wildlife Encyclopedia
Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis
Commonly seen inshore and in harbors, the brown pelican is the heaviest sea bird that fishes by plunge-diving. Groups of brown pelicans often fish together, skimming over the waves before rising into the air, folding back their wings, and hitting the water with a spectacular splash. The pelican's throat pouch balloons outward underwater, scooping up prey, which it then swallows at the surface.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Now you have come to the page, Choose variable. This page give you the oportunity to select which variables and values you want to display in your result of the table. A variable is a property of a statistical unit. The page is divided into several boxes, one for each variable, where you can select values by click to highlight one or more values. It always starts with the statistics variable which is the main value counted in the table.
Navigating with keyboard and screenreader. Select multiple object in row: SHIFT+arrow down/up. To select a single value in the listbox: Windows:Hold Ctrl + arrow down. Then release Ctrl and press space. Repeat. Mac:CMD+arrow down/up. Then release CMD and press spacebar. Repeat. (Works only in Chrome, not in Safari). To exit listbox with values selected, press TAB-key.
Number of selected data cells are:
(maximum number allowed is 300 000)
Number of selected cells exceeds the maximum allowed 300 000


text:
Kubegres is a Kubernetes operator allowing to deploy one or many clusters of PostgreSql instances with data replication and failover enabled out-of-the box. It brings simplicity when using PostgreSql considering how complex managing stateful-set's life-cycle and data replication could be with Kubernetes.
Kubegres is open source and available on GitHub.
- It can manage one or many clusters of Postgres instances. Each cluster of Postgres instances is created using a YAML of "kind: Kubegres". Each cluster is self-contained and is identified by its unique name and namespace.
- It creates a cluster of PostgreSql servers with Streaming Replication enabled: it creates a Primary PostgreSql pod and a number of Replica PostgreSql pods and replicates primary's database in real-time to Replica pods.
- It manages failover: if a Primary PostgreSql crashes, it automatically promotes a Replica PostgreSql as a Primary.
- It has a data backup option allowing to dump PostgreSql data regularly in a given volume.
- It provides a very simple YAML with properties specialised for PostgreSql.
- It is resilient, has over 85 automatized tests cases and has been running in production.
- It works with the PostgreSql containers created by the Docker Official Images team (version 12.4 or higher). Kubegres uses the standard PostgreSql libraries to manage replication and failover and it does not require a custom Docker image with a set of third party libraries.
- It is portable because compatible with any Docker images which derive from the PostgreSql containers.
Kubegres is fully integrated with Kubernetes' lifecycle as it runs as an operator written in Go. It is minimalist in terms of codebase compared to other open-source Postgres operators. It has the minimal and yet robust required features to manage a cluster of PostgreSql on Kubernetes. We aim keeping this project small and simple.
Among many reasons, there are 5 main ones why we recommend Kubegres:
- Standard: to manage replications, failover and backup, Kubegres is 100% relying on the PostgreSql standard libraries bundled in the PostgreSql containers. It does not ship with any custom or third party libraries to manage those features.
- Small learning curve: if you are already familiar with the standard PostgreSql libraries, you can understand and admin Kubegres easily.
- Secure: all other open source projects that we have evaluated do require their own custom Docker containers which ship with custom libraries. And in order to reduce the attack surface caused by additional dependencies, we have decided to only depend on the PostgreSql containers created and maintained by the Docker Official Images team.
- Portable: the approach above allows Kubegres to be compatible with any containers which derive from those PostgreSql containers.
- Pure Go: Kubegres was entirely written in Go and no additional languages were used (e.g. Python,...). And it uses the latest Kubebuilder version 3 which is maintained by the official Kubernetes API Machinery Special Interest Group (SIG).
Tell me more
It was developed with the framework Kubebuilder version 3, an SDK for building Kubernetes APIs using CRDs. Kubebuilder is maintained by the official Kubernetes API Machinery Special Interest Group (SIG).


There's a good chance that if you've walked around in any city, you've passed by defensive architecture. It's all around us and it shapes the fabric of the city—which is why it's important to understand what defensive architecture is. According to Toronto-based urban planning researcher Cara Chellew, "Defensive urban design, also known as hostile, unpleasant, or exclusionary architecture is a type of persuasive design used to guide behaviour in urban space by designing out specific uses of street furniture or the built environment as a form of crime prevention or protection of property" (Chellew, "About"). In other words, defensive or hostile architecture is architecture designed to limit the ways in which a space can be used. These subtle design implementations act as miniature zoning laws that dictate appropriate uses of public space. Our goal is to educate people on what hostile architecture looks like and who it impacts.
 What does defensive architecture mean, why does it exist, and what challenges does it bring?
 Take Action
 Take a look at a map of hostile architecture found in Washington, DC and submit your own examples.


text:
Teachers might want to think twice about posting no gum-chewing signs in the classroom. It turns out that the sticky substance might help students concentrate.
Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers. After listening, the participants were asked to remember the sequence. But only one groups chewed gum—and they had higher accuracy rates and faster reaction times than the non-gum chewers. Those chewing gum also maintained focus longer during the exercise. The study is in the British Journal of Psychology—and contradicts a 2012 study that found gum chewing decreased short-term memory performance. [Kate Morgan, Andrew J. Johnson and Christopher Miles, Chewing gum moderates the vigilance decrement]
The researchers say that gum increases the flow of oxygen to regions of the brain responsible for attention. More oxygen can keep people alert and improve their reflexes. Research also shows that you won't get the same effect by just pretending to chew gum.
So the next time your mind is wandering in class, maybe try some gum. If it doesn't help you concentrate you'll at least be asked to leave.
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]


What was the point of view in "The Cosmic Poachers" by Philip K Dick? How does this point of view affect the theme of the story?
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rnewall | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Adjunct Educator
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In the story Earth has colonised space; its forces track the Adharan ship but they misread their activities on the annexed planets. The Adharans are not poaching treasure, they also are colonising by leaving their eggs there.
 The Terrans have assumed that the Adharans - arachnid creepy crawliesare a lesser species, mere 'poachers' but the irony is that they harbour the same colonial/ colonising impulse. With our removal of their eggs back to Earth in the mistaken belief they are treasure, they are now on the verge of colonising us!
Maybe this disaster could have been averted: the subordinate Barnes says "How is communication with this race possible?" He at least is alive to the fact that some kind of dialogue is desirable; then perhaps the Adharans would have communicated that the store is their offspring, not exotic jewels.
Meanwhile, the Adharan commander exclaims 'But what would the Terrans want with our eggs? Nothing but trouble will come, when hatching begins ....Terran minds are beyond comprehension". They certainly weren't trying to trick the humans into taking the eggs back to Earth and the whole episode is a tragic misunderstanding which could have been avoided if there had been an attempt at communication by the humans.
This theme of lack of communication is conveyed by the point of view from which the story is told. It is told from two distinct points of view, only the Adharan point of view giving the truth of the matter. Earth must try to communicate with other species in order to understand them and their goals. No doubt, Phillip Dick also has in mind encounters between colonial forces and other peoples here on Earth; here also there has been a lack of communication and understanding.
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text:
Pomegranate in Israel
Pomegranate is known as a drought tolerant crop, yet regular irrigation is mandatory to commercial yield production.
Water levels and optimal irrigation regime depend on a plurality of factors as soil type, tree size, physiological phase and potential evaporation.
As a rule the tree needs little supplemental irrigation. The commonly used irrigation regime in pomegranate orchards relies mainly on the experience gained by growers and less on formal experiments led in Israel and/ or other countries.
- Fruit and agro-industrial crop
- Climatic change & water scarcity concerns
- Rising fertilizer & labour costs
- Leaching and washing away of nutrients by runoff
- Low water & fertilizer use efficiency
- Low productivity/ha
Need for drip
- Economic importance of pomegranate in meeting growing demand
- To conserve water, increase water & fertilizer use efficiency and optimize cane yields
- Mr. Ilan Cohen, Email: _EMAIL_; Mobile: 00972-50-_PHONE_
- Location: Sdey-Yaacov (32° 07' 0" N-latitude, 35° 13' 0" E-longitude), Israel Valley, Afula, Israel
- Area: 12 ha
- Crop varieties: Wonderful, Shani, Black, Akov, 116, Mollar (from Spain)
- Crop spacing: Row to row – 7.0 m and Plant to plant – 4.0 m
- Year of planting: 2002
- Propagation: Seedlings developed from Cuttings
- Plant population at harvest: 357 plants/ha
- Crop season: Flowering in March-April and harvesting in September-October every year
- Climate: Equatorial humid climate with dry winter, Frost free, Maximum temperature – °C, Minimum temperature – °C, Mean vapour pressure hPa, mean wind speed km/hour, day length hours, sunshine duration hours, Total rainfall – mm/year, Effective rainfall – mm/year and Reference crop evapotranspiration – mm/year, Moisture availability index.
- Soil physical properties: Clayey soil texture; soil pH – 7.8 and bulk density – 1.4 g/cm3; Water table below 6 m
- Water source: Reservoir
- Power source: Gravity pressure
Agro-solution: What has been done
- Subsurface drip irrigation system: Head control unit, main & sub-main pipes besides UniRam integral dripline 16 mm diameter, with a lateral spacing of 3.5 m (2 driplines per each row spaced at 7 m), emitter spacing of 0.5 m and emitter flow rate 1.6 Litres/hour. Each crop row was irrigated with two laid out on soil surface.
- Year of drip system installation: 2002
- Agronomic & Technical support: Varietal selection; Pruning; Soil preparation; Crop water requirement & irrigation scheduling (depth and frequency of water application; water quality consideration, measurement of applied water) & fertigation scheduling (soil & water analysis, estimation of nutrient dose, selection of fertilizers & compatibility, application skill via drip system, foliar diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies etc); System operation (pressure reading & maintenance, valves operation, measurement of applied water) & maintenance (cleaning of filters, fertilizer tank, acid treatment, chlorination etc).
- Training & capacity building: Soil water plant relationships, drip irrigation & fertigation principles, benefits, limitations & utility; water quality & herbicide usage.
- Improved total fruit yield: Surface drip 45 to 48 tons/ha)/li>
- Yield under control plots: 25 to 35 tons/ha
- Improved fruit quality: Large & uniform size (> 450 g/fruit) and bright colour.
- Irrigation water requirement: Surface drip 4500 m3/ha ( mm/ha)
- Saving in water over conventional irrigation scheduling practice: 3000 m3/ha
- Additional area irrigated by saved water: 0.66 ha.
- Other benefits: Saving in fuel expenses, uniform flowering, higher fruit size, bright fruit colour, bold arils; improvement in fertilizer use efficiency, management flexibility, less weed growth, uniform irrigation of pomegranate on undulated terrains etc
- Drip irrigation of pomegranate in Israel is a feasible eco-technological and economically viable technology
- Use of scarce water resources sustainably in pomegranate cultivation to bring larger area under cane cultivation
- Higher productivity & improved fruit quality and increased income to farmers
- Pomegranate best management practices – Variety, Pruning, Surface or Subsurface Drip Irrigation & Fertigation scheduling
Grow More: 37% Fruit yield
With Less: Water saving 66%


text:
Does Neighborhood Income Affect Teens' Mental Health?
WEDNESDAY, Oct. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Moving from an area with a high poverty level to an area with less poverty benefits the mental health of some teen girls, a new study contends.
Researchers looked at low-income families in public housing in five U.S. cities -- Boston, Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles and New York -- between 1994 and 1997. The families were randomly selected to remain in public housing (high-poverty areas) or to receive government-funded rental subsidies to move into private apartments (low-poverty areas).
The study authors analyzed the mental health of more than 2,800 children, aged 12 to 19, in these families for between four and seven years.
"Extensive observational evidence indicates that youth in high-poverty neighborhoods exhibit poor mental health, although not all children may be affected similarly," according to background information in the study by Theresa Osypuk, of Northeastern University in Boston, and colleagues. "Racial/ethnic minority families are disproportionately more likely to live in impoverished neighborhoods, and many research studies suggest that adolescents who reside in high-poverty communities experience higher levels of mental health problems."
The researchers found that girls without any health vulnerabilities at the start of the study were the only ones to benefit from moving to low-poverty areas. Health vulnerabilities refer to living in a household in which any member has a disability or a household in which a child has any of four health or development concerns, including behavioral or learning issues, difficulty getting to school or playing active games, or problems requiring special medicine or equipment.
Neither girls with health vulnerabilities nor boys without health vulnerabilities benefited from moving to a low-poverty area.
The study was published online Oct. 8 in the journal Archives of General Psychiatry.
"In conclusion, this housing policy experiment benefited the mental health of some adolescents, particularly girls in families without health vulnerabilities, but had either insignificant or harmful effects on the mental health of adolescents from families with preexisting health-related vulnerabilities, particularly boys," the authors wrote.
The American Psychiatric Association has more about teens and mental health.
SOURCE: Archives of General Psychiatry, news release, Oct. 8, 2012Related Articles
- Storm Chasers: Born to Be Wild?
May 24, 2013
- Too Few Kids Use Fast-Food Calorie Info, Study Finds
May 23, 2013
Learn More About Sharp
Sharp HealthCare is San Diego's health care leader with seven hospitals, two medical groups and a health plan. Learn more about our San Diego hospitals, choose a Sharp-affiliated San Diego doctor or browse our comprehensive medical services.
Copyright ©2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


text:
A dispersal vector is an agent of biological dispersal that moves a dispersal unit, or organism, away from its birth population to another location or population in which the individual will reproduce. These dispersal units can range from pollen to seeds to fungi to entire organisms.There are two types of dispersal vector, those that are active and those that are passive. Active dispersal involves pollen, seeds and fungal spores that are capable of movement under their own energy. Passive dispersal involves those that rely on the kinetic energy of the environment to move. In plantts, some dispersal units have tissue that assists with dispersal and are called diaspores. Some types of dispersal are self-driven (autochory), such as using gravity (barochory), and does not rely on external agents. Other types of dispersal are due to external agents, which can be other organisms, such as animals (zoochory), or non-living vectors, such as the wind (anemochory) or water (hydrochory).
This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.


text: Background: The production of triterpenes from plants for pharmacological purposes varies in concentration, due to genetic and environmental factors. In vitro culture enables the control and increase of these bioactive molecules. Objective: To evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and elicitors in the induction of calli and the production of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in Lepechinia caulescens. Materials and Methods: Leaf explants were exposed for the induction of calli at different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid were used as elicitors. High-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify UA and OA content in each treatment. Results: Treatment with 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L of BAP produced the best results for calli induction and production of UA (1.57 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and OA (1.13 mg/g DW). Both elicitors facilitated the accumulation of triterpenes. Conclusion: The combination of auxins and cytokinins showed favorable results for the induction of calli. Variation concerning the accumulation of UA and OA was observed between treatments. MJ increased the production of triterpenes five times after 8 h of exposure, compared to control treatment. There is a greater accumulation of UA (16.58 mg/g DW) and OA (1.94 mg/g DW) in leaves of wild plants.


Creating workflows with UI Component Fields - Platform - BlueCat Gateway - 20.1.1
Gateway Administration Guide
BlueCat Gateway
Create a custom workflow using UI Component Fields. You will modify files in the /workflows/ directory generated when creating a new workflow from the BlueCat Gateway user interface.
 1. Create a workflow. This can be performed manually or by using the Create Workflow administrative workflow.
 2. In , add the needed UI Component fields.
 Note: By default, all UI Component Fields are disabled upon loading a workflow. Fields will become enabled as you progress through the form. After clicking SUBMIT, if you receive an error from the server all fields remain enabled. You can customize this using the is_disabled_on_start and is_disabled_on_error parameters.
 3. Modify the workflow files as needed in the /workflows/ directory:
 - —you need to specify the endpoint that will be called when clicking Submit. By default, when using 'Create Workflow' the Form Submit function name will be in the format __form and called inside HTML using action=url_for ().
 - .js—contains any of the customizations needed in a workflow. For an example refer to the 'Update Alias Record' workflow.
 - Text/en.txt—Reserved for future use with UI Component Fields, otherwise it can be used as custom workflow internationalization.
 - —contains a GenericFormTemplate class where you can specify UI Component Fields and their interactions. Use the PlainHtml Component field if you desire to add static HTML in between components. For example, PlainHTML('').
 4. Set the and permissions for each UI Component Field. If you want to change a default label, set the label and required parameters. Set coerce to force a data type of a field. For example, .
 If necessary, customize the server-side endpoint by providing the server_side_method parameter. Use inputs to map server endpoint form parameters passed to server-side endpoints with client HTML elements. If none are provided all elements in the DOM will be submitted.


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William Davis is a famous for the simplicity, clarity and sincerity of his poems. 'Leisure' is a simple but forceful poem in which he advises us not to fall a prey to hurry and haste. He feels sorry at the miserable plight of the modern man.
The poet says that modern man has become the slave of Time. He remains busy in gathering wealth and making progress from morning till late at night. He has no time to rest. He can not enjoy himself of the beauties of nature.
The tragedy of modern man does not end here. He has a lot many things to worry about. He lives under constant stress and strain. We have become machines by reaming in the company of machines.
We are unable to spare some moments of leisure to refresh our minds by standing among the hills and trees. In the poet's opinion, our slavery to Time is the greatest curse of the modern age. He also advises us how to make use of our leisure. (172 words)
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Modern English Essays
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One Act Plays
Anthology of English Poetry
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thoughtful - definition and synonyms
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 1. 1
 Caroline is such a thoughtful young woman.
 'I brought you some tea.' 'That's very thoughtful of you.'
 2. 2
 thinking seriously about something
 1. a.
 used about someone's face or expression
 Her face took on a thoughtful expression.
derived word
noun [uncountable]


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Virus May Have Caused Sockeye Demise
A virus related to leukemia and lymphoma may have been responsible for the 2009 drop in Fraser River sockeye salmon, a new study published in the journal Science suggests.
Declining since the 1990s, the Fraser sockeye runs had attracted only about a million spawning fish in 2009, instead of the 10 million expected. Although the 2010 run was an almost unprecedented 30 million, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper had already appointed a judicial inquiry, the Vancouver Sun reported.
Some scientists theorized that the 2010 run was boosted by ash from a 2008 volcanic eruption in Alaska that may have sparked the growth of plankton by "fertilizing" the sea, the Vancouver Sun story said. But this does not take the runs out of danger, given practices such as overfishing, mismanagement and fish farm–borne sea lice, the newspaper added.
And now scientists studying the 2009 phenomenon have concluded that the most likely cause was a leukemiaor lymphoma-type virus that infected the salmon while they were still out at sea.
"Dead fish swimming," is how one of the study's co-authors, Scott Hinch from the University of British Columbia, put it to the Vancouver Sun.
"There is no doubt there is some form of pathogen involved," Hinch said.
The group also said a genetic flaw may make them more vulnerable to deadly viral infections, Reuters reported.


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Empowerment for Learning
If you are interested in becoming a teacher, the courses, field experiences, student teaching and all other program experiences in teacher preparation will provide a strong foundation to prepare you to impact student learning positively.
Empowerment for learning is one of the special joys and outcomes of becoming a teacher. As a result of program experiences, you will be equipped with the knowledge, skills and dispositions to create a classroom climate in which your students can learn. The education program has a distinguished record of preparing students to become caring teachers.
Request for third party comments:
The School of Education at Campbellsville University is hosting an accreditation visit by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) on October 27-29, 2019. Interested parties are invited to submit third-party comments to the site team. Please note that comments must address substantive matters related to the quality of professional education programs offered, and should specify the party's relationship to the provider (i.e., graduate, present or former faculty member, employer of graduates).
We invite you to submit written testimony to:
1140 19th Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20036
Or by email to: _EMAIL_
Such comments must be submitted no later than September 14, 2019 and based on the core tenets of CAEP accreditation standards of excellence, which recognize that:
- In CAEP's performance-based system, accreditation is based on evidence that demonstrates that teacher candidates know the subject matter and can teach it effectively so that students learn. In the CAEP system, EPPs must prove that candidates can connect theory to practice and be effective in an actual P-12 classroom.
- A professional education provider that is accredited by CAEP is expected to be involved in ongoing planning and evaluation; engaged in continuous assessment and development; ensure that faculty and programs reflect new knowledge, practice, and technologies; and be involved in continuous development in response to the evolving world of education and educational reform.
- Comments must address substantive matters related to the quality of professional education programs offered, and should specify the respondent's relationship, if any, to the institution (i.e., graduate, present or former faculty member, employer of graduates). Copies of all
correspondence received will be sent to the university for comment prior to the review. No anonymous testimony will be considered.
The mission of the teacher education program at the Campbellsville University School of Education is to prepare teachers for their respective fields by providing an academic infrastructure based on scholarship, service and Christian leadership. The primary goal of the program is to advance scholars who are competent, caring and qualified, who can positively impact student learning, and who are committed to life-long learning in a global society.
- Early Childhood: Interdisciplinary, Certification, Montessori
- P-12 Art, Health, Music, Physical Education, Learning Behavior Disorders
- P-5 Elementary
- 5-9 English, Mathematics, Science and Social Studies
- 8-12 Biology, Chemistry, English, Mathematics, Social Studies
- Special Education: Learning Behavior Disorders, P-12
Graduate - Initial Certification Programs
- Special Education
- MAT: Interdisciplinary Early Childhood Education
- MAT: Middle Grades (5-9) - English, Math, Science, Social Studies
- MAT: Grades 8-12 - Biology, Chemistry, English, Math, Social Studies
Graduate - Advanced Degree Programs
- Teacher Leader: Education - Rank II
- Teacher Leader: Special Education: Rank II, Rank 1
- School Guidance Counseling P-12 - Rank II, Rank I
- School Improvement - Rank I
- Educational Administration (Principal P-12) - Rank I
- M.Ed. Montessori Teacher Education
Graduate - Certificates
- School Counseling - Rank I
- DOSE: Director of Special Education - Rank I
- MSD: Moderate and Severe Disabilities


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This is how you would write ·á in pazhaya lipi:
Notice how, instead of the á maatra, pazhaya lipi uses a line (attached to the last stroke of the letter, which, in this case, is ·) that, as I mentioned before, looks like the word hai in Urdu or, more simply, like a long, skinny capital "U" turned sideways.
This same ending stroke is also used for the following letters:
» Ä Í Ö Ù
The letters »á Äá Íá Öá Ùá are shown below in pazhaya lipi, so I can be sure you understand...:
Why not continue to the next lesson and see how to write µá and øá?


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This chapter discusses the OO (organizational ombudsman) in the context of organizational conflict management systems (CMS). The OO is a confidential, neutral, internal resource-formally independent of line and staff management-working informally, without decision-making power. OOs work with all employees and managers, and every workplace issue, as a "zero barrier" office. OOs seek fair processes for concerns brought to them. OOs refer to all formal and informal CMS options, identify "new" issues, and recommend systems improvements. The chapter discusses the emergence of the role in the context of social, political, and cultural changes over the past 50 years, especially in North America. It discusses the alternative dispute resolution movement-and concurrent emergence of the OO as an appropriate dispute resolution role within a CMS. It describes the functions-and competencies required-of ombudsmen, and discusses current challenges faced by those in OO roles.The full article is available by subscription only. (Oxford Handbooks Online.)
Related posts: Mary Rowe; Howard Gadlin.


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The final step in your journey to achieving the CPIA-I designation. The exam is intended to verify your understanding of the key components of each course and how they fit together, establishing your knowledge of the role of evidence at all stages of the impact analysis project cycle. It is designed to be very achievable for those who have completed the courses
 Register for the CPIA-I Exam


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Natural toxin killing Calif. dolphins, sea lions
LOS ANGELES (AP) Dolphins and sea lions that have died along the Southern California coast in recent weeks may be victims of a deadly neurotoxin produced by a seasonal algae bloom, experts said Tuesday.
The same poison was found in samples from millions of fish that suffocated in a Redondo Beach harbor last month, and researchers hope to determine if it is present in samples from a similar but s maller fish die-off Monday in Ventura Harbor.
Experts don't believe the fish died from the toxin but some marine mammals have become its victims.
In the past few days, three sea lions and three dolphins that beached themselves in Orange County died or were destroyed because they had incurable domoic acid poisoning, said Kirsten Sedlick, animal care supervisor for the Pacific Mammal Center in Laguna Beach.
On Tuesday, the center dispatched crews to rescue another four dolphins and a sea lion, she said. Tests will determine whether they also were victims of the neurotoxin.
Domoic acid is produced naturally, but levels often soar in the spring with the blooming of a certain species of algae off the California coast. At least one bloom was spotted in the past few weeks off the Southern California coast.
Mussels and small fish eat the algae and concentrate the poison, then are eaten in turn by pelicans and sea mammals.
Since April 3, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has received reports of about 40 sea lions and 17 dolphins with domoic acid poisoning symptoms.
The outbreak was still relatively mild but it was too early to tell whether it might become more serious, said Joe Cordaro, an NOAA wildlife biologist.
"You never know how bad they're going to be, and we still don't know what the factors are that cause these major blooms," he said. "We don't know if it's (storm) runoff, we don't know if its high temperatures … there's just so many factors."
In 2002 and 2003, domoic acid poisoning was blamed for sickening or killing more than a thousand sea lions and 50 dolphins in Southern California.
Humans aren't at risk unless they consume contaminated shellfish.
Because of elevated domoic acid levels, the California Department of Public Health put its annual quarantine on sport harvesting of wild mussels into effect on March 29 — a month earlier than usual. Commercially harvested mussels are not affected, the agency said.
The agency warns that eating tainted mussels can cause severe illness, coma and even death. The quarantine runs through Oct. 31.
The department declined to speculate on why the levels were high so early.
Domoic acid also was found in sardines taken from Redondo Beach on the Los Angeles County coast, where an estimated 2.5 million fish crowded into King Harbor, depleted the oxygen and suffocated last month.
What caused the fish to pack in to the harbor is unknown.
Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Ligne de Cerdagne
The Ligne de Cerdagne, often called the Yellow Train (French: Train Jaune, Catalan: Tren Groc), is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) railway that runs from Villefranche-de-Conflent to Mont-Louis in France. It was started in 1903 and the section to Mont-Louis was completed in 1910, followed by an extension to Latour-de-Carol in 1927.
It is 63 kilometres (39 mi) long and climbs to 1,593 metres (5,226 ft) at Bolquère-Eyne, the highest railway station in France. There are 19 tunnels and two bridges, one of which is, unusual for a railway bridge, a suspension bridge. The trains are powered by electricity at 850 volts DC, supplied by third rail. The power comes from hydro-electric generators on the River Têt.
It is named after its yellow and red colours, derived from the Catalan flag.
List of stations
- Nyer (halte)
- Mont-Louis la Cabanasse
- Béna Fanès
In 1911, railway workers reported a fireball on the third rail between kilometres 28 and 40. A similar phenomenon occurred again when a train was hit by one of these fireballs during a thunderstorm. Lightning rods were installed where these events had occurred, the phenomena has not been reported since installation.
- Pourageaux G (2008), Les cent ans du Train Jaune, Editions La vie du rail. (French)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ligne de Cerdagne.|
- Train Jaune (Yellow Train) official SNCF page
- The Little Yellow Train of the Pyrenees route, sightseeing, practical information and photos
- Journeys on the Yellow Train and practicalities
- History of the Yellow Train


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Playing with Equations to Solve Problems
Date: 09/16/2003 at 10:48:13 From: Mara Subject: To state the geometric property of an equation I need to give the geometric property common to all lines in the family x - ky = 1 I know that the answer is that all lines in this family have an x-intercept at x=1 but I am totally clueless about showing why this is the case. At first I thought that using the double-intercept equation (x/a) + (y/b) = 1 would work but I couldn't get it in the correct form. Then I tried to solve for x and y and got x = 1 + ky and y = (-1/k) + (-x/k) but now I do not know what to do with this. So I was wondering if you knew how to go about solving this?
Date: 09/16/2003 at 12:28:52 From: Doctor Peterson Subject: Re: To state the geometric property of an equation Hi, Mara. I don't think there is any method you can use to solve this sort of problem without a lot of thinking and testing. Let's see how I personally would approach it (as well as I can construct it, considering that I know the answer already!). Then I'll look at some alternative approaches you might take. We have x - ky = 1 and we want to know what property all these lines have in common. Probably, since this is an open-ended question and I don't expect it to be straightforward, I would start by just "playing" with the equation, getting a feel for how it works by trying a few special cases. I might take k = 0, 1, and -1 and graph those three lines, x = 1 x - y = 1 x + y = 1 I would find that they all intersect at (1,0), and my answer would be that all the lines seem to contain that point. (In a sense this is a more purely "geometric" property than the x-intercept, since it does not refer to the coordinates.) Then I would want to prove that this is true for ALL k, to make sure I hadn't fooled myself by choosing three cases that happened to intersect. Thinking of this as a point shared by all lines in the family, I would prove it by simply substituting x=1, y=0 in the general equation: x - ky = 1 1 - k*0 = 1 is true for all k so (1,0) is indeed on all the lines, not just the three I tried. Or, I might think of it as a common x-intercept, as you said; then I would do what you suggested and put the equation into two-intercept form x/a + y/b = 1 That's easy; all it takes is to interpret -ky as y divided by -1/k: x/1 + y/(-1/k) = 1 So the x-intercept is 1 for all these lines, and the y-intercept is -1/k. So my approach is to experiment (the more adult word for "play"!) and make a conjecture (the more adult word for "guess"), and then prove that conjecture. Now, is there any other way you might approach this? If you were really smart (and I might possibly have done this if I were faced with the equation afresh), you could just see that the equation looks like the two-intercept form, and gone directly to the proof. If you could do that, fine; but you can't depend on such insight! You might instead just go through each form of the equation, starting probably with slope-intercept, and see whether any important feature (such as the slope or y-intercept) is constant. When that failed, it would be hard to move on to the point-slope or two-point form, because you would have to choose the point(s), and there is no obvious basis for that choice. So you would probably next try the twointercept form (which many studuents never see, so you're lucky). Your approach came close. When you solved for x, you just had to look and see that the x-intercept (the constant in that form) is always 1. But since that form, the slope-x-intercept form, is little-known, it's not surprising that you did not know what to do with it. But I really think that my approach is the most reasonable hope to find the answer quickly. If you have any further questions, feel free to write back. - Doctor Peterson, The Math Forum _URL_
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The brilliant Dichroic optical properties of Dichroic glass are the result of multiple micro-layers of metal oxides. These thin layers of oxides have a total thickness of three to five millionths of an inch.
NASA developed Dichroic glass for use in satellite mirrors. Multiple ultra-thin layers of different metal oxides (gold, silver, titanium, chromium, aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, silicon) are evaporated on to the surface of the glass in a vacuum chamber.
The resulting plate of Dichroic glass can then be fused with other glass in multiple firings. Certain wavelengths of light will either pass through or be reflected, causing an array of colors to be visible. Due to variations in the firing process, individual results can never be exactly reproduced, each piece of fused Dichroic glass is unique


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How to find the (x,y) combinations that make z=0?
39 views (last 30 days)
I have a matrix Z(i,j) that is a function of X and Y. Surface and contour plot look fine, but are difficult to interpret.
Is there a way to plot a function of X and Y, such that Z is equal to zero (or as close to zero as possible, since non of the elements in the Z matrix is actually zero)? What I'd like to find out is for which combinations of X and Y the Z-value is above and below zero.
My code is very long, but I did something like this to get matrix Z:
for i = 1:numel(X)
Z(:,i) = functionZ(X(i))
Z(j) = %functionZ(X)
for j = 1:numel(Y)
Z(j)= %function with parameter X
thanks in advance for any tips!
Kevin Phung on 16 Sep 2019
Edited: Kevin Phung on 18 Sep 2019
Correct me if I am misinterpreting your goal:
You have a function z(x,y).
You are trying to find the values of x and y that give you some particular values of Z, in this case very close to 0. You can try something like this:
% define some condition for Z values, in this case I want to look for all Z values in my
% Z matrix that are between 0 and 0.001.
% find() those values, and use ind2sub in order to grab the [row,col] pairs.
[x_ind,y_ind] = ind2sub(size(Z),find(and(Z=<0.001,Z>0 )));
xy_pairs = [X(x_ind) Y(y_ind)] % this will give you the x and y pairs
edit: you have already accepted my answer, but I forgot to include an '=' sign


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There are not serious wrinkles on the surface of the product that do not affect the function.
Clean the bottom of the hot bed before use, and tear the adhesive back to the bottom of the hot bed.Package Included:
1 x 220*220 Heat Insulation Cotton
Please pay attention when using:
1. Please clean the surface you want to paste.
2. The insulator material is firmly matched with the metal plate to achieve the best bonding and damping properties.
3. Do not cover the chassis wiring or air holes during installation.
4. Proper use of tape will enhance the link effect.
5. Stick the damper plate, which can be heated by a hair dryer to make it soft and then compacted by hand. If the room temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius, first heat it with a sun lamp until the insulation wool is soft, then remove the wax paper paste.
6. In the process of successful installation, it is best not to repeat the tearing paste, the paste effect will not be damaged.
7. Additional insulation can be stuck together in a hidden place.


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NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries has identified the remains of an early 20th century shipwreck in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary to be those of the British steamship Hannah M. Bell.
Information gathered by sanctuary staff and volunteers from the National Association of Black Scuba Divers (NABS) during a September field survey enabled maritime archaeologists to confirm the wreck's origins.
"Similar to the way detectives use forensic information to solve a crime, we compared the dimensions and construction characteristics of the shipwreck known locally as 'Mike's Wreck' with historic shipping records in order to solve this mystery, says Matthew Lawrence, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary maritime archaeologist and project principal investigator.
"Measurements of the shipwreck and the records for Hannah M. Bell were virtually identical, as were the reported sinking location and the actual location of the wreck."
According to NOAA, the Hannah M. Bell was a 315-foot steel-hulled steamship built by Ropner and Son in England in 1893 and named for the woman who christened it.
The Hannah M. Bell traveled between European ports, the U.S. East and Gulf coasts, and Caribbean and South American ports transporting a variety of bulk cargos including cotton, sugar and coal.
NOAA says that no lives were lost when the ship sunk. It was loaded with coal bound for Vera Cruz, Mexico. Salvagers abandoned their efforts days after grounding because the ship's engine room was flooded and the holds were filled with water.
The shallow coral reefs of the Florida Keys have claimed countless ships over the centuries.
According to NOAA, the Hannah M. Bell rests in close proximity to two other shipwrecks—the USS Arkansas and City of Washington. The Hannah M. Bell even contributed to the loss of another vessel in 1920 when the U.S. Shipping Board steamer Quoque wrecked directly on top of its sunken remains.
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Animal Grief : How Animals Mourn (Hardcover) - Alderton, David
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Product Overview
Publisher Motorbooks Intl
Mfg Part# 9781845842888
SKU 218920078
Format Hardcover
ISBN10 184584288X
Release Date 8/13/2012
Dimensions (in Inches) 8.25H x 8L x 0.5T
From the Publisher
Editors Note Science is now providing some remarkable insights into animal behavior, with crocodiles, for example, emerging as devoted parents, and elephants – like whales – able to communicate with each other across long distances by ultrasound, which is inaudible to our ears. There seems little doubt that animals experience a range of emotions, just as we do; but can they grieve, too? David Alderton – award-winning, multi-million specialist animal author – contends that emotions – including grief – can potentially have a survival value for a species. The authoritative, rational text is superbly supported by interesting, sensitive photographs carefully chosen to be reflective of the subject matter. Unique subject matter, drawing on the latest research • Covers both domestic and wild animals • A subject that has intrigued pet owners for many years • Fascinating insights into the natural world • Insights into how grieving may help wild animals to survive • How this could affect conservation planning • Sensitive, rational approach to the subject • The impact on pet owners and their animals • Written by an award-winning, multi-million selling specialist animal author • A book with widespread appeal for anyone with an interest in the natural world
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text:
KES Competency Committee
SAU 16 Vision For Our Graduates...
A Compass to Guide Our Work
Each graduate demonstrates engaged learning and citizenships through the ability to solve problems independently and collaboratively with perseverance and resilience, and communicates solutions with confidence and empathy.
Statement of Purpose
The KES Competency-Based Learning Committee seeks to support Kensington Elementary School in the on-going exploration and implementation of competency-based learning practices by nurturing a collaborative network of educators, students, parents, and other community members ; as well as, to foster a culture of school engagement and lifelong learning throughout the Kensington community.
Our activities may include, but are not limited to: facilitating communication between the school community and the broader Kensington community; educating community members about competency-based learning and its application at KES; and soliciting ideas and feedback from community members.
The committee's mandate is not tightly scripted, rather it remains fluid so that the committee is able to respond to the emerging needs of educators, students and the community as the school's engagement with competency-based learning deepens. (November 17, 2016)
What is Competency Based Education?
Competency Based Education is a system of academic instruction, assessment and reporting that focuses on students' ability to demonstrate and apply their knowledge across content areas. Competency Based Learning is personalized as it allows students to progress at their own pace once they have shown mastery of skills.
Why the shift to Competency Based Education now?
All of the schools in SAU 16 are committed to making the shift towards Competency-Based Learning, which is now a component of New Hampshire's Minimum Standards for Education. Specifically, RSA 193-C:3, III states that local school boards shall require no later than July 1, 2017 that in each school there is :
1) A broad and well-balanced elementary school curriculum that outlines district competencies for the K-8 program.
2) An instructional program that includes:
a. Procedures for diagnosing learner needs, learning styles, and interests;
b. Methods and strategies for teaching students;
c. Research-based learning opportunities;
d. Techniques for the evaluation of student outcomes, including performance assessments of district competencies and;
e. Provision of differentiated instruction for students based on learning styles, needs, and interests.
For more information, please review the New Hampshire's Department of Education Competency Statements.


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a Panel
There is a lot of interest in measuring the scattered fields from a panel. The panel could be a frequency selective surface (FSS), could consist of lossy dielectric material, resistive material, etc. For these measurements, the panel is mounted in a large ground plane (perfectly conducting) that mimics an infinite ground plane and the back scattered/bistatic scattered fields are measured. These measured fields contain the scattering from the panel under test as well as the diffracted fields from the junction between the panel and the ground plane, and it is quite difficult to discern the two field components. Alternatively, one can measure the scattered fields over a frequency band in the near zone using a fixed transmitting antenna while the receiving antenna is displaced to scan a planar surface or a linear scan. Note that the measurements are similar to one-way probing. The total measured scattered fields can be processed to isolate the scattering from the panel of interest. In this paper, we will present various signal processing techniques that can be applied to the measured scattered field data. These techniques include high resolution down range processing (tie domain), time domain near field focusing, etc. We will also show that it is straight forward to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficient of the panel from the near field measured data.
Size Reduction of Patch Antenna Based on Complementary Rose Curve Resonators
In this paper, a patch antenna has been designed based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRRs), complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) and without using these inclusions. Complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) are used in design of patch antenna. The Patch antenna based on the complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) are achieved by patterning the ground plane under the conductor trace. The perimeter of the Rose curve can be adjusted by tuning the amplitude of the sine function and the radius of the base circle. With the order of CRCRs, the loading effect of the complementary resonators on the patch antenna is controlled. This works demonstrated that higher order CRCRs allows more compactness of the design and higher miniaturization factor. We proposed a compact patch antenna based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRRs) and the complementary Rose curve resonator (CRCRs). The proposed patch antenna shows good performances which is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz. The results demonstrate the configurability of the design for a specific size. The results show the effectiveness of using metamaterials in microwave circuit can obtain from n to n+1 of the CRCRs order will result in 0.3 % miniaturization. IndexTerms: Patch Antenna, Metamaterial, Size Reduction, split ring Resonators, Rose Curve Resonators
Earth-Facing Antenna Characterization in Complex Ground Plane/Multipath Rich Environment
The Space Communications and Navigation (SCAN) Testbed was a Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based payload launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in July of 2012. The purpose of the SCAN Testbed payload was to investigate the applicability of SDRs to NASA space missions in an operational space environment, which means that a proper model for system performance in said operational space environment is a necessary condition. The SCAN Testbed has line-of-sight connections to various ground stations with its S-Band Earth-facing Near-Earth Network Low Gain Antenna (NEN-LGA). Any previous efforts to characterize the NEN-LGA proved difficult, therefore, the NASA Glenn Research Center built its own S-Band ground station, which became operational in 2015, and has been successfully used to characterize the NEN-LGA's in-situ pattern measurements. This methodology allows for a more realistic characterization of the antenna performance, where the pattern oscillation induced by the complex ISS ground plane, as well as shadowing effects due to ISS structural blockage are included into the final performance model. This paper describes the challenges of characterizing an antenna pattern in this environment. It will also discuss the data processing, present the final antenna pattern measurements and derived model, as well as discuss various lessons learned.
Research on Unwanted Reflections in an OATS for Precise Omni Antenna Measurement
Open-area test site (OATS) is a basic range for measuring omni antennas at VHF/HUF band. Reflections from the trees nearby, from the edge of the metal ground plane of an OATS are researched with the aid of ultra-broadband calculable dipole antennas (CDAs). Usually, these reflections are detrimental to precise antenna measurements from 20 MHz to 1 GHz; however they are very difficult to analyze accurately, since no rigorous theory exists on the relationship between the reflections and the configurations of an OATS. For this difficulty, a pair of very accurate and broadband CDAs are manufactured and verified with a slightly modified near-field method, whose site-insertion-loss deviation (?SIL) between measurements and simulation is less than 0.3 dB over 10 MHz to 340 MHz for a single pair of dipole elements resonated at 90 MHz. Based on the optimized CDAs, the effects of ground plane sizes, wire mesh shapes around the edge of the metal ground plane, trees nearby and especially masts are researched. The research shows that the reflections from the edge of an optimized ground plane is less than 0.1 dB at 10 m range. Finally, the performance of an OATS with these optimizations is verified: for 10 m separation,?SIL is within 0.26 dB at horizontal polarization (HP) and within 0.34 dB at vertical polarization (VP) for the typical 24 frequencies from 30 MHz to 1 GHz; at 20 m separation,?SIL is within 0.59 dB (HP) and 0.85 dB (VP) from 20 MHz to 500 MHz. An example for the uncertainty of calibration the free-space antenna factor of tuned dipole antennas are provided, too.
Scaled Model Measurements of HF Antenna for Vehicular Platforms
Electrically small antennas present tremendous design challenges. Plagued with a small radiation resistance and high quality factor (thus narrow bandwidth), these types of antennas are difficult to accurately measure. For use in HF communication applications, the problems associated with the entire development cycle become even more pronounced. This paper focuses on the development of two such electrically small HF antennas for a vehicular platform, specifically the Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). The primary design objective is to develop antennas that operate over the entire near-vertical incidence (NVIS) band (2 – 10 MHz) with a minimum of 3kHz bandwidth. Additional design objectives are low profile, broadside directive pattern, and high power handling capability. The inverted L antenna and the half loop antenna were selected as probable candidates for this application. At 2 MHz, the antenna – vehicle system fits within the envelope ka < 0.2, where k is the free space wave number and a is the radius of a sphere completely enclosing the radiator. The full scale antenna design and performance were evaluated using method of moments and finite element method codes FEKO and HFSS respectfully. It is observed that the presence of the real ground plane poses a serious challenge for well established modeling techniques and considerable care must be exercised to obtain credible design data. For measurement validation and characterization of the antenna/vehicle interaction, a set of scaled antenna and vehicle prototypes were developed. Rapid prototyping and 3D printing were employed to build a scaled model (1:50 scale) of the complete antenna – vehicle system. The step-by-step process from the computational model to the measurement validation is discussed along with the description of the adopted fabrication techniques. In the concluding section of the paper, the measured results from the scaled model are presented alongside the simulated results. The good agreement between these results paves the way towards the successful use of such scaled model testing for more complicated antenna designs in the future.
Gain and Phase Center Calibration of Log Periodic Dipole Arrays using Complex Fit Algorithm
Abstract – This paper introduces a method for calibrating the gain and the frequency dependent phase center locations of Log Periodic Dipole Arrays (LPDAs). The method builds upon the three antenna method, but is conducted over a PEC ground plane in an Open Area Test Site (OATS). Similar to the traditional three antenna method, three pairings of transmission measurements are taken. In each measurement, one antenna is set at a fixed height above the ground plane, while the other antenna is scanned in height over 1 to 4 m heights. Magnitude and phase responses between the two antennas are taken at multiple heights. Measured results are fit to a theoretical model using a complex fit algorithm. From this process, the gain and frequency dependent phase center locations of each antenna can be solved. Measurement data show that it is effective in reducing systematic uncertainties associated with assuming fixed phase center locations. In addition, unlike other calibration methods over a conducting ground plane, no assumptions are made about the antenna patterns. This method provides an accurate, versatile and fast method for calibrating LPDAs from as low as 100 MHz.
Compact Microstrip Defected Ground Structured Antenna for Reduction of Harmonics and Cross Polarized Radiations
Abstract: A novel Inset fed microstrip patch antenna is designed on defected ground structure (DGS) to reduce the higher order harmonics and cross polarized radiations. Square rings, and square shaped slots are placed on the ground plane of the microstrip patch antenna to get the desired operation. These annular ring and arc DGS appears to be highly efficient in terms of suppressing the cross polarization. Relative suppression of radiated field is observed by placing and without placing the defected ground structures. The stop band property exhibited by the DGS is used to filter out the harmonics


Image of The Fire King (Dirk & Steele, Book 9)
Genetics and taboos are the major themes of Liu's latest Dirk and Steele offering. Her new heroine is damaged physically and still recovering emotionally. Setting the action in remote areas of China lends it the feeling of centuries-old conflict. Complexity of character and motivation are a Liu trademark, and they always guarantee an exceptional read from this outstanding author.
Former Dirk and Steele operative Soria is still recovering from the incident that cost her an arm. She's in no mood to take a job for Roland, but her unique gift at understanding any language is vital: A man who speaks a language no one understands has been found in an ancient tomb.
While Karr is clearly a shapeshifter, he is also something completely different. Soria quickly discovers there are other shapeshifters who want to kill him and destroy evidence of his existence. What is Karr's deadly secret? In the center of a storm of violence and treachery, Soria and Karr must learn if they can risk both passion and trust. (LEISURE, Aug., 336 pp., $7.99)
Reviewed by:
Jill M. Smith


text:
Tetra - Connector Color Pens
Tetra is an amusing color marker with interactive building toys for kids. It's made of interesting shape and combined form to create an opportunity for creativity extends beyond the page. The shape of a simple compound makes it easy to press and pull out. Also, kids can put each compound together to form a shape and explore to build the new shape like a geometric shape, animal, flower, abstract shape etc. And it's up to their Imagination bend the rule and come up with new structures.
The main inspiration for tetra markers to not only encourage children to be creative but also encourage them to think about reuse the marker pens instead of it being thrown away after ink dried up and this will help children to develop social skill and raise awareness of reuse among them starting at small ages and collecting the pens for children to play with them will have an important and enhancing role on the consumer preference.
The initial stage of online and market research showed a lack of new children stationary or toys which engage and positively impact children behavior and social skill. The next stage of research was performed on different toys which encourages interaction and helps develop social skills. I look to repurposing of the Tetra Marker cap to not only encourage children to be creative, but to encourage children to think about reuse rather than simply discarding these into the trash after ink dried up and I want to create a new paradigm for children's products that encourage unique new behavior and a productive afterlife for the product.
I enjoy when an opportunity for innovation is found in even the most simple of products. I have been learning technically how to solve some of the problems and this helps me anticipate solutions. As for the Tera interconnecting and its three-dimensional form, what has most surprised me is the difficulty encountered in optimizing and making them user-friendly.


Religious Education Director Interview Questions
1 Name a time where you developed or directed study courses or religious education programs within congregations. Share an example.
2 What is the most challenging part of collaborating with other ministry members to establish goals and objectives for religious education programs or to develop ways to encourage program participation?
3 Describe what method you use to select appropriate curricula or class structures for educational programs. What has worked so far?
4 Tell me about training and supervising religious education instructional staff? Describe an experience.
13 Provide an example when your ethics were tested.
Tell Your Friends and Colleagues About Us
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SQLServerCentral.com / Analysis Services / Data Warehousing / What is role playing dimension / Latest PostsInstantForum.NET v2.9.0SQLServerCentral.comhttp://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/_EMAIL_, 05 Oct 2015 14:06:12 GMT20RE: What is role playing dimensionhttp://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1578145-17-1.aspxSuppose you have a fact table in which you store orders from an e-commerce website.There are various dates linked to a transaction:* order date = the date the customer ordered something on the website* due date = the date the package should be delivered at the customer* ship date = the date the package left your warehouseThis means there are 3 links to the date dimension of the data warehouse.An example of a fact line may be:CustomerID OrderDate DueDate ShipDate Quantity Amount14587 20140606 20140610 20140608 1 25.87When you load this data into SSAS, you have two options.1. You create 3 seperate dimensions (Order Date, Due Date and Ship Date), each based on the same date dimension of the data warehouse. This results in 3 cube dimensions (the dimensions linked to the measure groups in the cube).2. You only create 1 dimension, simply called Date. You add the same dimension 3 times to the cube (so 3 cube dimensions). You rename them to Order Date, Ship Date and Due Date. In the dimension usage tab, you link the correct keys. For example, you link the Ship Date Key with the Date Key of the date dimension. The same for Due Date and Order Date.The last option is the role playing dimension. You have only 1 physical dimension - the date dimension - but you link it 3 times to the measure group (the fact table). Depending on the link used, the dimension behaves differently, hence the name "role playing".Fri, 06 Jun 2014 01:02:04 GMTKoen VerbeeckWhat is role playing dimensionhttp://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1578145-17-1.aspxHi All,I am a newbie to SSAS. I would like to know what is the meaning of Role playing dimension.I search it on google, but in various articles various jargoans are present along with the description of role playing dimension, which i am not able to understand.Could some body explained in simple term what is the meaning of Role Playing Dimension.Thu, 05 Jun 2014 23:56:08 GMTShadab Shah


French Navy
French Navy of World War 1
At the outbreak of the First World War France had 19 battleships, 32 cruisers, 86 destroyers, 34 submarines, and 115 torpedo boats.
During the Dardanelles operation, the French Navy sent four battleships, six destroyers, and submarines. The battleship Bovet and four submarines were lost during this campaign.
The French Navy kept to the Mediterranean so the British Navy could recall most of her capital ships to the North Atlantic to counter the German fleet.
Following the 1904 Anglo-French Entente Cordiale, the French Navy policy was to concentrate its forces in the Mediterranean against a likely Italian-Austrian coalition, while maintaining a mainly defensive position in the north (North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic coast) where the Royal Navy would predominate.
French forces in this area initially included seven cruisers and a number of destroyers, torpedo boats, and submarines for patrol duty in the western English Channel.
In the Mediterranean on the other hand was the 1st Armée Navale under the command of Adm de Lapeyrère


The Story of a Brief Marriage: A Novel Quiz
Anuk Arudpragasam
Take our free The Story of a Brief Marriage quiz below, with 25 multiple choice questions that help you test your knowledge. Determine which chapters, themes and styles you already know and what you need to study for your upcoming essay, midterm, or final exam. Take the free quiz now!
Directions: Click on the correct answer.
Questions 1-5 of 26:
What was Dinesh's favorite subject in school? (from Chapter 3)
What does Dinesh begin to do at the end of Chapter 6? (from Chapter 6)
Why did Dinesh's father beat him as a child? (from Chapter 5)
What makes the sound that Dinesh and Ganga hear in the jungle? (from Chapter 7)
Where does Mr. Somasundaram say he is going when he leaves Dinesh and Ganga in Chapter 3? (from Chapter 3)
The Story of a Brief Marriage: A Novel from BookRags. (c)2021 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved.


What is a verb to describe fluid rushing out from an opening in small amount?
"Gush out" sounds like in huge amount. "Seeps through" on the other hand lacks the force that brought the fluid out, like with in "gush".
 - 1
 Can you name any real-world examples where such a thing might occur? It seems a very odd juxtaposition of things. Normally, if the fluid is coming out with a force large enough to warrant calling it 'rushing', the amount of fluid does not really matter that much—it is relative. For example, blood can be gushing out from a wound, even though the entire amount of blood gushed out is minimal compared to the amount of water, say, spewed from a broken water pipe. – Janus Bahs Jacquet Sep 13 '13 at 19:03
Consider the verbs jet, spray, and stream. For example, "A fine stream of water jetted from the pinhole" implies small amounts of liquid spraying out under high pressure.
Trickle - (of a liquid) flow in a small stream.
Usage: "A solitary tear trickled down her cheek."
Spurt - A sudden short burst, as of energy, activity, or growth.
Usage: "The pus spurted onto the mirror."
For "small amount" use drip:
To fall in drops: Water is dripping from that leaky faucet.
You're right that seep (not sip) implies a passive and slow movement, with no force suggested. If you want a word for "small amounts of water rushing out", I can only think of leak. A leak does not necessarily need high pressure but it can have it:
If you are referring to a pressurized container with a small hole, I would recommend escaping.
The problem is that if a liquid is rushing out, it is rarely doing so in small quantities.
Dribbling or dripping
Usage: "The water is barely dribbling out of the faucet."
Squirt or stream might work depending on exact context
I like jwpat7's suggestion of stream best.
Another apt alternative is to say course meaning to run or flow swiftly as in this dictionary example:
The blood of ancient emperors courses through his veins.
course verb [I usually + adv/prep] /kɔːs/ US /kɔːrs/ formal
Definition › to flow quickly or in large amounts: Tears were coursing down his cheeks.
Alternative verbs for slow movement of fluids are:
I'm surprised leak was not higher in the list. That is the word most obvious to me. I associate it with a relatively low rate of flow relative to the total volume of what is being leaked.
We paddled quickly to shore after our boat sprung a leak.
[lēk] verb (of a container or covering) accidentally lose or admit contents, especially liquid or gas, through a hole or crack
Oh. I see _USER_ did mention it.
 - Since, as you mention, leak has already been mentioned, was it really worth answering? – BladorthinTheGrey Nov 30 '16 at 22:46
 - Yes. _USER_ made drip his primary answer; leak was mine. I gave him credit for including what I considered the better answer. – Suncat2000 Feb 8 '17 at 15:05
Your Answer


text:
Live Case Study
This session presents a vivid case wherein nuclear energy is provided in a better manner through the modification of current plant to bring light, warmth, and green to the public in China. Human Factors Engineering is involved into the plant modification in the area of main control room, eliminating potential human factors errors by plant operators. Quality methods and innovative tools such as rapid prototype iteration, task cognitive walkthrough and simulator-based activities achieve continuous improvements in design optimization and project management, making the plant modification an industrial benchmark. Other goals include project implementation with high quality, and safe operation for next several decades. The presentation also concentrates on the application of quality management in projects, the strengths of teams, and the importance of organizational support.


text:
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE06-07
to Conduct Aerial Survey of Deer in Kensico Basin
Commissioner Emily Lloyd of the New York City Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) announced today that within the
next two weeks the DEP is going to conduct an aerial survey of
the deer population in the area surrounding the Kensico Reservoir
The survey will use an infrared camera mounted on
a single engine Cessna airplane, and will be conducted at night
from an altitude of approximately 1000 feet. The study will
map the deer population within a 4-mile by 6-mile area of Westchester
covering the Kensico drainage basin.
"Deer can have a detrimental effect on watershed
areas by reducing or eliminating forest regeneration," said
Commissioner Lloyd. "Damage to the forests can lead
to loose or unstable soil, which then increases the amount of soil
that runs off into the water system during and after a rainfall
or snow melt. More data are needed if officials are to develop
an effective strategy for managing the deer herd in the county."
A healthy, vigorously growing forest consumes more
nutrients, reducing the amount of nutrients in watercourses and
reservoirs and thereby aiding in water quality protection. A
resilient forest with various sizes of trees is also able to recover
faster from various events, such as damage from weather.
DEP has worked extensively with Westchester County
and Pace University on the effects of whitetail deer. A conference
on deer management was held at Pace in November 2005, which led
to the decision by DEP to conduct the deer survey.
Survey work will be done by Vision Air Research
of Boise, Idaho, using a red and white Cessna. The flight
will be coordinated with the Federal Aviation Administration so
as to not interfere with operations at Westchester County Airport.


text:
Using the Build Hooks in the Release Manager System
Last modified: 7/20/99 5:01 PM
The purpose of the build-hooks functionality within the Release Manager System is to provide to projects a means by which they can effect reasonable alterations to their product base at the four steps of the development process. These steps (for the sake of clarification and definition) are considered to be:
The hook interface as it currently stands is designed to provide simple functionality using available tools and techniques.
Using Make Rules and Actions
The base tool for providing this functionality is the UNIX utility called make. It is almost ubiquitous across UNIX platforms, and a freely obtainable version exists should it be necessary for supporting a machine that lacks the utility. The syntax and semantics are generally already a part of a developer's set of skills.
For each of the four stages itemized above, the tool used to perform the action (which shares its name with the action) will look for the existence of a file named "Makefile" in the top-most directory of the project. If that file is present, The make utility will be invoked, with a target rule of the same name (checkout, release, etc.). If that rule does not exist, the error condition is quietly ignored. If the resultant error is due to a cause other than lack of a given rule, the full error message will be presented to the user running the tool for diagnosis.
In terms of the make utility, a rule is a construct with two parts, the second of which may be empty. The first part is the target, or name. The target need not be unique. If the target appears more than once in theMakefile, then each rule by that name is executed in sequence. The second part of the rule is the action, and it is expressed as a sequence of one or more lines of shell script code (which defaults to the Bourne shell or Korn shell, but can be coerced into using the C shell). The lines may have no blank lines separating them (the blank line is considered a separator by make), and each must be indented with at least one hard tab stop (a sequence of eight space characters is not sufficient). For more detail on how to maximize the usefulness of make and developing Makefiles, consult the book, "Managing Projects with Make", available from O'Reilly and Associates.
A rule's action may also be empty. It is strongly recommended that if aMakefile is added to a project to enable hooks for only one or two of the stages, that the file include rules with empty actions for the remaining targets. This will not only leave the file prepared for future enhancement, but it will bring consistency to the Makefile itself and save processing effort by eliminating "missing rule" errors from make (which are subsequently ignored). Ideally, a prototypical Makefile would start out looking like this:
The doubled colon characters allow for multiple rules to be defined under the same name. In addition, these rules are empty, bypassing error conditions from make. From here, additional instances of rules may be defined for those rules that need actions assigned to them. At the same time, those rules that still require no action remain present.
Mechanics of the Hook Execution
The hooks for make are only attempted if the presence of aMakefile is detected. This file must be in the root directory of the project, where it will eventually be deployed into the document area of the web server during the release operation. At the end of each of the four defined steps, the tool executing that step tests for this file. When it is found, the make command is executed with the step name as the target. The command is executed from within the directory that the Makefile resides in. Any relative file paths will be relative to this directory. For example, the populate step on the machine webdev currently uses the directory /opt/ims/htdocs as the web server documents root, appending the project name for the complete path. For project "phoenix", the full path would be /opt/ims/htdocs/phoenix, and in the presence of a Makefile, the command "make populate" would be run with a working directory of /opt/ims/htdocs/phoenix.
In addition to specifying a target to make, the tool executing the command provides three variable definitions on the command line. These variables and their values are:
The full path of the document directory with regards to the current step. This will be an absolute path.
The full path the CGI directory for this project's executable content. On some steps, the CGI area is a sub-directory of the document area. For other steps, it may be a sibling. This too is an absolute path.
The name of the step being executed. This is exactly the same as the rule being invoked, but is also provided as a make variable for the convenience of any project that needs to use the value within execution of the rule.
The intent is to spare the project the need of hard-coding or guessing at the values of those directory paths. These variables can be assigned default values in theMakefile itself; make will give run-time precedence to the command line values over the hard-coded ones.
NOTE: This functionality does not yet exist on the "release" step, even though that step does currently support theMakefile functionality in general.
If an error is reported by the make utility, it is either ignored or reported back to the same list of e-mail addresses that would receive any other error notification. The only error message that is ignored is the message informing the user that no such rule exists. To avoid saddling projects with the necessity of defining all rules, whether needed or not, these errors are discarded, as are diagnostic messages warning that the executed rule had no actions. Any other content (message text from make) is included in the summary message sent upon completion. For the release step, this is electronic mail. For the other steps, it is simply displayed on the terminal.
As a final note, the release step alone removes (unlinks) theMakefile upon completion of the command. This is to prevent the file being accessed via the web server. The unlink step is not done for any other steps.


text:
Difference Between Olive Oil and Vegetable Oil
Olive Oil vs Vegetable Oil
Fat components in our daily diet are important for a stable diet. According to the FDA, every human being should consume thirty percent of the recommended portion of fat in their daily diet. Oils change character when they are at a high temperature. Vegetable oil can sustain high cooking temperatures, while other oils, like olive oil and almond oil are good for cooking at medium temperatures. Olive oil and vegetable oil contain mono unsaturated fat, which helps to enhance the function of the immune system.
The Wonders of Vegetable Oil
Vegetable oils are extracted from plants using industrial methods and solvent process to extract the oil. Most vegetable oil extracts are healthy for consumption, especially for people who are diabetic, and who have blood pressure problems. Vegetable oil is rich in omega 6 fatty acid, the most essential ingredient for healthy living. Even though vegetables are considered to be healthy, they do have other components, like rancidity. Oil with a rancid property tends to lose their nutritious aspect, and it is less useful for cooking. Vegetable oil can sustain a high temperature, while cooking with oils like grape and canola are best used for pan searing and frying. A few other types of oils are good for preparing foods like popcorn and mayonnaise, just to add flavor. Vegetable oils look lighter and thinner when compared to a few other types of oils, and they do not add flavor like that of olive oil.
Magic Olive Oil
On the other hand, olive oil is an extract from the olive fruit, and it is pressed mechanically. This oil can be classified as natural oil in crude form. This oil is edible, and has a distinctive flavor when used in cooking. Olive oil is one of the natural oils which is rich in anti-oxidants and mono-unsaturated fat, making it one of the most nutritious oils for cooking. Olive oil must reach three hundred and seventy five degree F to start emitting smoke. The smoke emitted will be less, as the fat in olive oil is less, making it the suitable oil for all kinds of cooking at medium temperatures. Similar to vegetable oils, olive oil should be preserved in an air tight and dark place, as it tends to become rancid and oxidized if exposed.
Â· Olive oil is mostly used, and it is the preferred oil, for cooking at moderate temperatures, while vegetable oil is preferred for high temperature cooking.
Â· Vegetable oil is lighter and thinner, and heats fast for quick cooking, while Olive oil takes more time to heat, and its best used at a moderate heat.
Â· Olive oil is the preferred oil for health conscious people.
Â· Only selected vegetable oils are used in cooking, while all varieties of olive oil can be used for cooking.
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