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Getting started with JNI
Having introduced the principle of the Java Native Interface, we'll see how to write our first native method. The stages are essentially as follows:
 - create a C/C++ project that will build to a DLL (or dynamic library on the platform in question);
 - ensure the project includes the directories containing the JNI headers in its build path;
 - write the Java method signatures for our native methods;
 - run the javah tool to create C header files from those method signatures and add the headers to our project;
 - based on those headers, write the native implementations of our methods (in C/C++);
 - compile the DLL or dynamic library;
 - in the Java code, call System.loadLibrary() to link in the library at runtime, then call our native methods.
Creating the DLL/library project
In Visual Studio, create a new Win32 Project. Then, in the Application Wizard that appears, click Next to display the Application Settings, from where you should select DLL as the application type, as illustrated below:
Selecting an application type of DLL from the Visual Studio Application Settings panel of the Win32 Application Wizard.
Then, we need to tell the compiler where to find the JNI headers. These live inside a directory called jdk/include inside the directory in which your JDK has been installed. You need to include jdk/include and also any subdirectory for the given platform, e.g. jdk/include/win32. To add these to the compiler's search path in Visual Studio, right-click on the project name in the project tree, then select Properties (see illustration). Then, in the C/C++ General section, add the aforementioned directories to Additional Include Directories as illustrated.
Adding the JNI headers to the compiler's include path.
Writing the Java method signature
Next, we write the signature of the method that we're going to implement natively. This generally looks like a regular Java method signature, but with the native modifier. Superficially, the method is also like an abstract method in the sense that the signature ends in a semicolon and there is no method body. (But note that strictly an abstract method is one that will be overridden.)
In principle, native methods can have the same signature as plain old Java methods. For example, you can pass in Strings, arrays and other objects to the native method. In practice, it is worth bearing in mind that accessing object fields is slightly fiddly (though perfectly possible) from native code; accessing primitives is generally easier, and a good strategy for keeping the native code simple can be to extract object fields from the Java side and pass them to the native method as primitives. As our first example, we're going to implement a native method that takes a number, doubles it and returns the result back to Java. Not terribly exciting, but it will illustrate a few important concepts.
For our simple example, we create a Java project with a single class Test inside the package test. To this class, we add a native static method called getDouble() that will take an integer and return one:
package test;
public class Test {
 public native static int getDouble(int n);
Generating the header file
Now, we need to make sure that our DLL has a function whose signature corresponds in a particular way to the Java method. As you get more experienced with JNI programming, you can predict what the name will need to be. But to start with, it's easier to use the javah tool supplied with the JDK.
The javah tool takes a given Java class and generates a C header file that contains functions with the correct signatures for all of the native methods defined in that class. For example, from inside our Java project's directory, we can run the following command (obviously supplying the appropriate path to the JDK as necessary):
C:\Java\JDK5\jdk\bin\javah -classpath. test.Test
If all is well, this will generate a file called test_Test.h that contains among other things the following line:
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_test_Test_getDoubled(JNIEnv *, jclass, jint);
The header file will also contain some boilerplate code to include the JNI headers and to ensure that if the compiler is running in C++ mode, it doesn't mangle the function names in the resulting DLL or library. For this reason, you should generally not try and bypass the stage of including the header file in your C/C++ project. To add the header file to the C/C++ project, copy it into the latter's directory, and then add the header to the project in your IDE as appropriate. For example, in Visual Studio, you right-click on Headers in the project tree, then select Add > Existing Item.
Write the native method implementation and compile the DLL/library
Now, we need to write the C function that will be our native method implementation. To do this, we first copy the function signature into a C/C++ source file. If you're using an IDE such as Visual Studio, it will probably have created a default source file to which you can add the function. In my example project called "TestDLL", for example, Visual Studio added a blank source file called TestDLL.cpp. So I copy the above line into TestDLL.cpp, adding names for the variables and a method body. I also include the header file, because this in turn includes the JNI headers, which we'll need to access JNI functions and data types. The result looks as follows:
_TAG_ "stdafx.h"
_TAG_ "test_Test.h"
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_test_Test_getDoubled(JNIEnv *env,
 jclass clz, jint n) {
 return n * 2;
Note that the very first line (to include required standard headers) was added by the IDE. The gubbinry of our function is the simple line to return double the parameter n. Note that two other parameters are passed into our function. We ignore these for now, but potentially they provide various facilities such as a route to accessing fields of defined Java objects and other parts of the running "environment".
With a bit of luck, we should now be able to Build the project, resulting in a shiny DLL file (or other library file depending on the platform).
Including the library and calling the native method
Now finally from Java, we can call our native method. To do so, we need to:
 - make sure that the DLL/library can be found by the JVM;
 - add a line of Java to include the library at runtime.
Placing the DLL/library in either the classpath or in a standard place for the platform in question (such as C:\Windows\System or /usr/lib/) is usually sufficient for the JVM to be able to find it. Then, in Java, our main method looks as follws:
public static void main(String[] args) {
 for (int n = 1; n <= 20; n++) {
 System.out.println(n + " x 2 = " + getDoubled(n));
Note the call to System.loadLibrary(), which effectively takes the file name of the library minus any platform-dependent extension such as.DLL or.so.
With all the previous steps in place, our native method can then be called just like any other Java method.


text:
Welfare Sanctions and Conditionality in the UK
Conditional welfare arrangements require people to behave in a certain way to access cash benefits, housing or support services.
These conditions tend to be enforced through penalties or 'sanctions' that reduce, suspend or end access to these goods.
This Round-up considers how effective welfare conditionality is, what the impacts are, how different groups fare, and to what extent it can be morally justified.
It finds that:
- benefit sanctions are disproportionately affecting young people under 25, and there is evidence of severe impacts on homeless people and other vulnerable groups;
- international evidence indicates that benefit sanctions substantially raise exits from benefits, and may increase short-term job entry; but there are unfavourable longer-term outcomes for earnings, job quality and employment retention;
- there are concerns that welfare conditionality can have unintended consequences, including: distancing people from support; causing hardship and even destitution; displacing rather than resolving issues such as street homelessness and anti-social behaviour; and negative impacts on 'third parties', particularly children.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Coat of teeth is a scale mail hauberk or tunic made of many different teeth. All of the teeth are old, some are yellowed, and all come from animals. A great variety of animals large and small were used in the creation of this coat. Teeth from the size of a rat to a bear can be seen sewn onto the leather backing with sinew.
What sets this coat apart from being a macabre scale mail is the ability to pull teeth off of the coat and use them to summon the animal spirit of the tooth. The animal spirit will fight for the holder of the tooth as the holder directs it for it's duration. This spirit is almost exactly like the animal was in life, save for the fact it does not need to eat, sleep, and will disappear when killed. Only one tooth can be held in a hand at a time, so two creatures is the most a humanoid can control at one time.
If the wearer spends a round seaching the Coat, he can find a tooth he's looking for if it exists on the Coat. Supernatural creatures like unicorns or dragons teeth are not on the Coat, and neither are creatures that have no teeth, like griffions. No teeth of creatures above animal intelligence have ever been on the Coat either.
This item can be recharged. To add a tooth, the wearer must either be freely given the tooth by an animal, or defeat the animal in an equal combat. Equal combat means no weapons, no magic, no clothes. Once the tooth is obtained, the wearer may sew it onto the Coat with sinew. If the original owner of the tooth is dead, the tooth may be used as normal.
If the wearer does not take the time to search for a tooth, use this random table:
2 Giant spider
3 Venomous snake (natural size)
6 Giant Rat
14 Giant Ant
15 Wild Dog
16 Boa Constritor
18 Mountain Lion
20 Giant Snake
Creatures summoned by throwing teeth last untill combat is over or the dawn of the second day. The creatures can be killed just as they were when they were alive and disappear on being killed. Each time a creature is summoned using a tooth, the tooth becomes more ivory, and after being used twice, crumbles to powder. There is a one in four chance a randomly drawn tooth has been used once before.


text: Electromagnetic interference, equipment noise, multi-path effects and obstructions in harsh smart grid environments make the quality-of-service (QoS) communication a challenging task for WSN-based smart grid applications. To address these challenges, a cognitive communication based cross-layer framework has been proposed. The proposed framework exploits the emerging cognitive radio technology to mitigate the noisy and congested spectrum bands, yielding reliable and high capacity links for wireless communication in smart grids. To meet the QoS requirements of diverse smart grid applications, it differentiates the traffic flows into different priority classes according to their QoS needs and maintains three dimensional service queues attributing delay, bandwidth and reliability of data. The problem is formulated as a Lyapunov drift optimization with the objective of maximizing the weighted service of the traffic flows belonging to different classes. A suboptimal distributed control algorithm (DCA) is presented to efficiently support QoS through channel control, flow control, scheduling and routing decisions. In particular, the contributions of this paper are three folds; employing dynamic spectrum access to mitigate with the channel impairments, defining multi-attribute priority classes and designing a distributed control algorithm for data delivery that maximizes the network utility under QoS constraints. Performance evaluations in ns-2 reveal that the proposed framework achieves required QoS communication in smart grid.


text: A cushion is a soft bag of some ornamental material, stuffed with wool, hair, feathers, or even paper torn into fragments. It may be used for sitting or kneeling upon, or to soften the hardness or angularity of a chair or couch. Cushions can be used temporarily outside, to soften a hard ground. They can be placed on sunloungers and used to prevent annoyances from moist grass and biting insects. The cushion is a very ancient article of furniture; the inventories of the contents ofpalaces and great houses in the early Middle ages constantly made mention of them. Cushions were then often of great size, covered with leather, and firm enough to serve as a seat, but the steady tendency of all furniture has been to grow smaller with time. Cushions were, indeed, used as seats at all events in Franceand Spain at a very much later period, and in Saint-Simon's time we find that in the Spanish court they were still regarded as a peculiarly honourable substitute for a chair. In France, the right to kneel upon a cushion in church behind the king was jealously guarded and strictly regulated, as we learn again from Saint-Simon. This type of cushion was called a carreau, or square. When seats were rude and hard, cushions may have been a necessity; they are now one of the minor luxuries of life.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Ruler Tool | Annotation Tools | Raster Imaging C API Help
Ruler Tool
(Document and Medical Imaging toolkits)
The ruler annotation object is a line that can be used to measure the distance between two points of the original image.
Holding down the Shift key while drawing the ruler will draw the ruler annotation object at an angle that is a multiple of 45 degrees.
For low-level implementation details, refer to Ruler Annotation Object.
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text:
Along Happy Valley Road in Metchosin lies an ant hill so mighty, it has its own sign.
A common sight for passersby who live nearby, and a special find for those new to the area, the two-foot-high "Ant Nest" has been a part of a local couple's property for two decades.
The Morrans, who asked to not have their full names included, have lived on their property for 40 years.
"A lot of people have never seen an ants' nest," Mrs. Morran said, adding that onlookers often stop to take pictures of the crawling insects. "A lot of people walk along the bank and it became a bit of a highlight for them."
Rob Higgins, a professor at Thompson Rivers University and ant expert, said the species is most likely the "formica oreas," also known as a thatching ant – the most common kind to live on southern Vancouver Island.
Thatching ants can have a painful bite and spray acid that will leave humans with a burning sensation. Their nests can start from a single queen ant and grow to a population of thousands.
"It isn't really clear why they swarm onto the surface of the nest. They might be trying to warm their bodies and then take that heat back into the nest, or they might be trying to take overheated bodies from within the nest and radiate away the excess heat," Higgins said.
"They will change the number of entrance holes in the thatch to control internal temperature. If it gets hot in the nest they will open more, and on a cold day, they will close most to keep heat in."
While the sign is there to warn people, it could also draw the attention of bears, which are known to dig up the hills for food, Higgins said.
"I once saw a young bear just dipping his paws into a nest he had torn open and seemed to happily be licking the ants off of his paws."
Luckily, Mrs. Morran told Black Press Media says the local bears have so far stayed clear.


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Is there a command that ignores the following character, in the same way that \^ puts a hat over the following character?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
I don't know if one exists already, but issuing the directive
will do the trick: \?abc gives bc, and so on.
Edit: Here is a discussion of the question Tim N raised in the comments: getting a \caption to drop the final period in a figure number. It does not work, even in the default article class, to just let
which gives a few errors, the first of which is actually "Argument of \? has an extra }" and not "Paragraph ended before \? was complete" (that's the second). A little \tracingmacros-trawling reveals the following phenomenon: when \caption is called, it first increments the figure counter, which calls \refstepcounter so it can be referenced, which sets up (using \edef) the current label \_USER_ for \ref, which (finally) must contain the value of \thefigure! And guess what: the extra period does not appear after \thefigure in this context, so the \? gobbles the closing brace of the \edef command. Hence the error.
Let's see if we can get what you want. The caption line is constructed in several stages, which in article consist of the following discrete steps:
 - Generate the caption "number" (the text "Figure 1.2.", for example);
 - Attach it to the caption "text" (the argument of \caption) by, for example, inserting a colon and a space between them.
These correspond to the internal macros \fnum@figure and \_USER_, which are defined by the document class, and obviously vary; it seems that Tim N's packages are putting extra periods in, but who knows whether it's in the first stage or the second? Or even in \thefigure itself? Depending on where it happens, you need a different workaround:
 - If someone erroneously defined \thefigure to contain an extra period, and you know how the rest of the number ought to look, then you can just redefine it. Since there's no way to gobble the previous character, if my solution below doesn't work for you, then you should try this.
 - If \fnum@figure somehow puts a period after the value of \thefigure, then under some circumstances you will be able to remove it using \?. For example, if they modified the default article definition (see below) then putting \? right after \thefigure will do the trick. However, if they produce the period by some clever device, you will have to be equally clever to unravel it.
Here is that definition:
% The default def'n doesn't have the period
 - Finally, suppose that the period is inserted in \_USER_. Then you may be able to catch it with \?, but only if the command that produces the "number" is dropped in as-is and not fully expanded first. This is the case in the article class and, we hope, also in whatever your situation is.
So it appears the goal is to stick \? right after \thefigure as it appears in \fnum@figure only. You want to patch a command, and there are several ways to go about this, but the etoolbox package is generally useful so I'll go with it. See the following minimal document:
% Cute but not necessary here:
% \def\?#1{}
% BAD:
% \renewcommand\thefigure{\arabic{figure}\?}
 \caption{A figure}
Since we are going with \makeatletter anyway, I figure the internal \_USER_ command that Yiannis pointed out is probably the wiser course, though \? is nice if you are putting it in ordinary text.
share|improve this answer
In the LaTeX kernel you find \_USER_. – Yiannis Lazarides Jan 10 '12 at 0:03
_USER_: Oops, yes. Though it does need to be swaddled in \makeatletter...\makeatother. – Ryan Reich Jan 10 '12 at 0:08
My goal was an ugly hack, to \renewcommand \thefigure to end with this, because for some interaction between packages, my figure captions started showing up as "Figure 1.2.:" with an extra period. The period can be made invisible by ending with \color{white}, but trying to \? it results in:! Paragraph ended before \? was complete. – Tim N Jan 10 '12 at 0:12
I should add that ending with \^ does put a hat over the dot. – Tim N Jan 10 '12 at 0:12
You mention "because for some interaction between packages". There could be other ways around this, for which one would need to see a minimal working example (MWE) that illustrates your problem. However, for now, this question is most likely "answered". You could post a follow-up question. See I've just been told I have to post a follow-up question, why and how? – Werner Jan 10 '12 at 0:27
You could try the following:
It simply consumes its argument but doesn't use it.
share|improve this answer
My goal was an ugly hack, to \renewcommand \thefigure to end with this, because for some interaction between packages, my figure captions started showing up as "Figure 1.2.:" with an extra period. The period can be made invisible by ending with \color{white}, but trying to \swallow it results in:! Argument of \swallow has an extra }. – Tim N Jan 10 '12 at 0:10
_USER_: Then the dot is added outside of the current brace group. You might want to use the caption package instead to change the caption format. – Martin Scharrer Jan 10 '12 at 0:28
_USER_: I see. Still, \^ does what it does, so I suppose it's not impossible to solve? – Tim N Jan 10 '12 at 0:33
Your Answer


text:
Eighth Grade Social Studies Test Worksheet Lesson Planet 8th Georgia Worksheets
Eighth Grade Social Studies Test Worksheet Lesson Planet 8th Georgia Worksheets.
Page chart--key issues leading to the civil war. The studies digital textbook is a free resource aligned to the standards for grade social studies. it contains units of study along with support materials. click here to watch a brief tutorial on the features and functions of the student edition of the studies digital textbook.
Social studies. esl-. select by standards. kindergarten k. st grade. grade. rd grade. grade. grade. grade. grade. grade. standards of excellence grade math activities. printable eighth grade math worksheets and study guides. create and print your own math worksheets.
Ga studies - present in eighth grade, students study history, geography, government, civics, and economics due to the four strands being interwoven, ample opportunity is provided for in-depth study of the geography of and the government of. Georgia studies teacher notes for the standards of excellence in social studies department of education.
Fun fourth grade math worksheets social studies regions compound subject predicate wildflower girl free games year 2 printable clocks teaching time business questions 8th georgia. Incredible grade social studies worksheets 8th georgia. Grade studies statements peanuts peaches 8th georgia worksheets. Grade studies standards class display posters 8th georgia worksheets. Grade social studies worksheets teaching resources 8th georgia. Integer numbers symbol grade social studies worksheets common core phonics romeo answers 5 decimal form numeracy activities math trainer addition 8th georgia. Number summary latitude longitude printable worksheets consumer math grade addition regrouping solving equations website algebra 1 fun division sums remainders 8th georgia studies.


text:
Mel Bay How to Play Drum from Day One DVD
Studio musician and percussion editor Jim Payne presents this outstanding video on the basics of rock & blues drumming, assigning'singing drum sounds' or solfege syllables to the five basic components of the drumset. Payne addresses holding the sticks, playing the bass drum, and traditional notation and singing syllables of the hi-hat, bass drum, cymbals and toms. Introducing rock and blues tunes with various grooves and tempos, he stresses an awareness of song form in maintaining one's place in a piece of music. All on-screen samples are written in both standard notation and drum sounds. With the three-camera filming technique making every precise move easy to follow.


text:
WebUpd8 Reader Jim Bauwens sent us a small but very interesting script. The script uses NotifyOSD and displays a message (see the screenshot) when someone logs in to your computer (remotely or local), or when a terminal session is started.
The script can also notify you by email using sendmail. You'll of course need to set that up but we have a post on that - for using it with Gmail (it's quite easy - just make sure you create a new Gmail address just for this task because the password will be saved in plain text): Use Gmail To Send Emails From A Terminal (Shell)
Using the script
1. Install libnotify-bin:
sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin
2. Download the script and then make it executable by right clicking it, then go to the "Permissions" tab and check the "Allow executing file as program" box.
3. Add the script to your startup applications: go to System > Preferences > Startup Applications, click "Add", then browse for the script and give it a name. That's it!
4. Optional: If you want to be notified by email (make sure you set that up first - read the beginning of the post), you'll need to edit this part of the script:
and set the variable "mail" to "1" and "mailto" to your email adress.
Credits for the script (and many thanks!): Jim Bauwens


Saturday, Nov. 28
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Phone: _PHONE_
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Student Research Projects
How do Deaf and Hearing-impaired Children Adapt Language Development?
Student Toni Montella
Faculty Mentor(s) Dr. B. Lively
Department Education
Course INST 482: Issues in Education
There has always been a gap in adapting language between deaf and hearing students, because of the advantage that hearing students have over deaf ones, namely, the ability to hear sounds in words. If children have never heard sounds, then how are they to adapt to a spoken language that consists of phonemes and phonographs? How do deaf and hearing-impaired students experience primarily sound-based language development? To find out, I surveyed sign language interpreters, parents of hearing and deaf children, and deaf and hearing children. Overall, there is no adaptation to a sound-based language per se. Deaf and hearing-impaired children mainly adapt to a gesture-oriented overview of language that does not mirror the grammar of spoken English.
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Zuni Fetishes
In the Northwest portion of New Mexico a people called the Shiwi created detailed animal carvings that became known as Zuni Fetishes. These beautiful bits of Zuni art are far more than nick-knacks, however. They represent a part of a relatively untouched culture with strong spiritual beliefs. By definition a Fetish is any object that people believe houses a powerful spirit, or in itself has some type of mystical, magical influence. A Fetish carver looks to a stone or crystal seeking the animal spirit that lives inside. The Zuni tribesman or woman would then carve that animal giving it a kind of life and power for those that carried them. Once blessed, the Fetish can endow the owner with its traditional traits and characteristics ranging from healing and fertility to transforming perspectives. Some of the most carved stones and crystals used for this purpose include turquoise and onyx.
Zuni Fetish Origins & History
Zuni mythology tells us that Fetishes were with humans from the very moment we became conscious beings who crawled out from lower realms into the bright light of day. The sun had Warrior twins who were able to make the swampland firm, but could not keep the beasts of the land from eating humans. As a result, they created bows and arrows crafted from rainbows and lightning and shot the animals. Each of these creatures became a rock with an animal's spirit tucked inside. The stones now lay waiting for rediscovery with all their potential blessings. Sacred Six: In Zuni religion there are six sacred directions each of which has a specific color and animal association both prey beasts and guardians.
 Below: The earth. Its color is black and the symbolic animal is the mole West: Color - blue and its animal spirits are the Bear or Coyote (Predator) South: Color - red and its animal spirits are the Badger or Bobcat (Predator) East: Color - white and its animal spirit is the Wolf North: Color - yellow and it animal spirit is the Mountain Lion Above: All-colors and its animal spirit is the beloved Eagle
So what does all this have to do with Zuni Fetishes? The animals appear in Fetish form and are considered even more powerful if their color is correct based on this association. Additionally each creature of the Four Cardinal Directions can mediate with the elements and spirits on behalf of an individual or tribe. This grand circle of cardinal directions characterizes the connection that Zuni's saw between humankind, the Creator and all of creation.
Art vs. Faith
As Native American art became more popular Zuni Fetishes moved into the marketplace. These are not "active" Fetishes in the strict sense of the world in that they are not blessed. However there is still a strong sense of tradition attached to the creation process. In fact, until the late 20th century the fetishes rarely, if ever, bore a maker's mark. For one thing most carvers have distinctive styles that have been handed down over generations – that style is as unique as a fingerprint. Secondarily, many worried that adding even a small mark would scratch or crack the sacred crystal and thereby harm its latent metaphysical properties. Beyond pragmatic considerations the Zuni also consider such arts as tribal property that serves the good of the whole.
Zuni Fetishes in Modern Society
Zuni artisans continue to carve the Fetishes but use many other materials that are now readily available for their work. While some carvers design realistic pieces to appease collectors, many prefer the simple approach that honors the Spirit of the stone. The prevailing belief is the less one modifies the original crystal or stone, the greater the magic upon completion. Whichever you prefer, take care. There are numerous knock offs that do not come from Zuni artists. Find a rock and crystal purveyor you know you can trust.
Zuni Fetish Care and Feeding
Fetish creation is part of the Zuni faith intended to help humankind reconnect with higher powers including those we might call spirit, totem and power animals. The Fetish becomes a mediator between the owner and the spirit world. All that effort makes for hungry fetishes, but what do you feed them? Tradition tells us to carry your Fetish in a pouch of cornmeal or powdered turquoise and periodically give it access to water. Think of this as a relationship. Treat your Fetish well, with respect, and it responds in kind.
Zuni Fetish Factoids
 - History tells us that Zuni Fetishes first appeared around 650 CE.
 - In the 1800s the power of Zuni Fetishes was researched extensively by Frank H. Cushing, an emissary from the U.S. Government.
 - The space shuttle Endeavor took Zuni Fetishes into space as a form of protection in 1994.
 - As of 2014 there were an estimated 300-600 known Zuni carvers.
 - Zuni beliefs say that the Fetish chooses the owner, not vise-versa.


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I am having trouble understanding how Eq (2.6) in this paper (PDF) $$Z[\mathcal{L},\mathcal{M}_{n}]\propto\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}$$
generalizes to Eqn (2.7) $$\langle\mathcal{O}(x,y;\mbox{ sheet i })...\rangle_{\mathcal{L},\mathcal{M}_{n}}=\frac{\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\mathcal{O}_{i}(x,y)...\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}}{\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}}$$
It's quite possible that some of you with more experience in CFTs will be able to immediately answer this for me without the context, but here it is anyway: we want to evaluate the partition function on the Riemann manifold $\mathcal{M}_{n}$ which consists of $n$ flat 2D sheets joined together at the branch cut between $u$ and $v$ in the manner shown in Fig 1 in the paper. We do this by modeling the manifold as $n$ disconnected flat sheets with twist fields inserted at the branch points. It turns out that the original partition function is proportional to the correlation function of two twist fields as in Eq. 2.6.
Later on, the paper makes use of the correlation function with insertions of the stress-energy tensor, so that generalization (with the equality sign) is crucial. Your help is appreciated!
In particular, how does this NOT mean that the partition function in Eq 2.6 is not actually proportional to the two-point function but is simply equal to one? (I am replacing the $\mathcal{O}$'s in (2.7) with one to make this claim)
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Reading my question again, I'm slightly amused by how I instinctively use the pronoun "we" instead of the more honest "they". – dbrane May 6 '12 at 0:06
This may be out of my depth but I'll give it a look! – David Z May 8 '12 at 22:31
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
I think LHS of eqn 2.7 is normalized, meaning
$\frac{1}{Z}\int\mathcal{D}\phi \mathcal{O} exp\left(-S_{E}\left[\phi\right]\right)$ evaluated on $\mathcal{M}_{n}$
If you put $\mathcal{O} =1$, you get 1.
But $Z$ itself is proportional to the correlation function of the two primary fields
ref: _URL_
sect IIIA
Hope this is useful
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You're right! I stupidly overlooked the fact that correlation functions aren't just path integrals with operator insertions but are normalized to the partition function, at least in the treatment by these authors. – dbrane May 10 '12 at 1:49
_USER_: These formulas define the action of the twist fields. I didn't realize you were only confused about the normalization. – Ron Maimon May 10 '12 at 5:05
The second formula is not a generalization of the first, it is a simple consequence of the definition of the twist fields, like the first. These formulas are just defining the formal path integral for the Riemann surface, and then the "twist field" correlation functions are essentially defined by to reproduce the correlation functions. (I will be explicit about the definition, see below).
The paper uses the notation $\tau$ and $\bar{\tau}$ for the twist fields, instead of $\Phi$ and $\bar{\Phi}$, I'll use that. These fields don't appear in the Lagrangian, you don't integrate over them, they don't have dynamics, they do not represent particles of any kind, they aren't anything physical like that at all. These are made-up fields. They act to change the path integral boundary conditions using some cut lines, and they are local operators only in that inserting them depends only on the position where you insert them, not on how you draw the cut lines between them.
To see what they are, consider (following Cardy's explanation) n-copies of the given field theory, say a theory of a single scalar $\phi$, and then the n-copies are $\phi_i$ with i from 1 to n. Since you just duplicated the theory n-times with no interaction, you have an action which is the sum of the action of each field separately. This n-fold not-mutually interacting copies have an obvious permutation symmetry, any permutation of the fields is equivalent to any other. This cyclic symmetry is a no-brainer--- the fields are all the same, they each have the same action.
Consider the subgroup of cyclic permutations which shift field $i$ to field $i+1$, and suppose we use this symmetry to define a new field theory, in which there is a special horizontal line going between two horizontally separated points A and B. When you cross this line going up, field i turns into field i+1, when you cross going down, it turns back to field i.
To say that the field turns into another field is simply saying that the fields are "discontinuously" changing when crossing this line (I put discontinuously in quotes because quantum fields are always discontinuous, but the value at one point in the path integral is dependent on the values nearby, and in this case the field you depend on changes) --- the action in the path integral makes the value of the field $\phi_1$ just below the line related to the value of $\phi_2$ just above the line, and not at all related to the value of $\phi_1$ just above the line.
You can imagine this in a simulation of the free field theory. In such a simulation, you pick a lattice site, and replace the value at the site with the average of the same field at the four neighbors, plus a random gaussian value of a certain fixed width (depending on the lattice spacing). Right below the magic line, the up neighbor you average to find the desired value of field 1 is of field number 2, and similarly for field 2, you use field 3 above the line in the average, and so on cyclically.
This takes the n-copy theory on $R^2$ to the theory on a Riemann surface (by the definition of a Riemann surface with cuts), by definition.
But now notice something nice--- the line position is completely arbitrary, so long as the endpoints stay the same. If you move the line up, so long as it has the same endpoint, you can just locally redefine the lattice values using the cyclic permutation symmetry so that the theory with this crazy shift stays exactly the same. For example, suppose we move all the positions in the middle of the line up by one lattice spacing. For all the points that were previously above, but are now below, simply move the value of $\phi_i$ in any configuration to $\phi_{i-1}$. The cut still does the same thing, the partition function is exactly the same, but the cut is in a completely different position. This is the standard thing in Riemann surfaces--- the position of the cut is arbitrary.
What this means is that the theory with the cut can be thought of as a theory with two insertions, at either end of the cut. The property of these insertions is that when you take field $\phi_i$ around the left one counterclockwise, you end up at $\phi_{i+1}$, and if you do the same thing around the right one, you end up at $\phi_{i-1}$. This defines the twist fields $\tau$ and $\bar\tau$, which are acting at A and B. What they do is produce a start and end of a branch cut, and you can link the starts and ends to each other (or to infinity) and you have the same partition function.
So to find the correlation function with twist insertions:
 - put a cut in between the $\tau$'s and $\bar\tau$'s (any which way)
 - simulate the theory with the cuts.
 - find the expected value of O.
If O=1, then you just get the partition function on the Riemann surface (the partition function of the cut, which is just 1 in the simulation definition above, since in a probabilistic simulation Z=1). If you simulate a nontrivial operator O, you find the correlation function of O in the presence of the cut. This is what Cardy's two formulas mean.
The fact that you can interpret the twist fields as local operators is very useful, and allows you to find OPE's and solve the Riemann surface problem. But the formulas you give are simply definitions, and any confusion is in the high level picture defining these. I hope this clears everything up, but it isn't saying anything more or different than Cardy, except


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Vicky Smith
7 Signs That Your Team Needs a Corporate Away Day
Training 6 min read
It can often be difficult for businesses to make the decision to book a corporate away day for their team. You might think that your team isn't perfect, but they're still working to an acceptable standard. To help you identify whether an away day is right for your team, we've put together a list of 8 signs that your team could benefit from a corporate away day.
1. Team members have trouble with communication
One of the first signs that your team needs a corporate away day is that they are either struggling to communicate, or communicating poorly.
signs that your team needs a corporate away day communication
Improve team communication with a corporate away day
Lack of communication often means that wires get crossed and things are frequently misunderstood. Or perhaps due to poor communication, people do not feel comfortable enough to share ideas and contribute to the team.
One way to assess whether the communication in your team needs to improve is to analyse the language used. One sure sign of poor communication is the frequent use of 'no,' or 'but.' If people become defensive about their ideas, they are more likely to shut down the ideas of others with a 'no' or a 'but', causing a breakdown in collaboration and perpetuating a negative environment.
Research shows that negative communication not only creates an uncomfortable office atmosphere, but also leads to lowered employee productivity, increased employee turnover and a less profitable company.
2. Your team struggles with negativity
Another sign that your team needs a corporate away day will come from a persistent negative atmosphere or negative use of language in the workplace.
Perhaps your team are acting selfishly, they are pessimistic, or they are letting negative events outside of the workplace effect their performance and attitude at work. Negativity is particularly damaging as it can be infectious in the workplace. If one employee has a poor attitude, it can quickly spread to the rest of the team.
Negativity in the workplace often leads to absenteeism, poor performance and low morale, all of which impacts on your company's ability to deliver excellent service.
3. There is a persistent lack of clarity
Lack of clarity about the direction of the team, business goals or overall purpose can all contribute to a dysfunctional team.
Do your team meetings frequently take 2 hours rather than 10 minutes? This is a clear sign of lack of clarity within the team. If your team enters a meeting without proper planning, or without clear direction, then meetings are likely to frequently overrun. Lack of clarity also means that team members work in silos. Lack of clarity on common goals can often result in individuals focusing on their own role and responsibilities, with little idea about the roles and importance of others.
All of this not only harms communication and productivity, but also effects employee buy-in. When employees have clarity about the goals, aims and plans of the company, and even better, when they are allowed to become a part of shaping these, they are more likely to engage with work in a long-term, meaningful way.
4. There are frequent frictions between team members
Another one of the signs that your team needs a corporate away day is that there is always 'workplace drama.'
workplace drama signs that your team needs a corporate away day
Workplace drama is one of the clear signs that your team needs a corporate away day
American Society of Employers research into workplace drama shows that workplace drama can affect the company's bottom line. Employee turnover is likely to be high, productivity is likely to be low, and morale is often poor in a volatile, negative office environment.
Of course, you can never expect that all members of your team are going to get on with each other 100% of the time. However, if workplace frictions are a frequent occurrence in your office, you need to take action to resolve this issue.
5. Your team suffers from lack of accountability
Lack of accountability can be one of the clear signs that your team needs a corporate away day.
Lack of accountability can often mean that employees are unable or unwilling to admit to faults. This often makes it difficult to pinpoint why projects are delayed or completed incorrectly. But why does this mean that your team is dysfunctional?
Lack of accountability often comes from a negative team atmosphere in which employees are afraid of the consequences of admitting to a mistake. This can be a sign that your office does not have a structure in place for respectful, constructive criticism and there is a fear of a backlash occurring.
Lack of accountability often leads to delays or failures of projects, low morale, unclear priorities and diminished trust between team members.
6. Your team members aren't engaged
A lack of engagement or lack of motivation among team members can be one of the more difficult issues to notice, but once recognised is one of the most obvious signs that your team needs a corporate away day.
Employees may still be completing work on time and to a satisfactory standard. However, it is important to work out whether your team members are really engaged in the work they're doing, willing to go the extra mile, or whether they are simply completing the bare minimum.
This is detrimental to business as quite simply, disengagement costs you money. Engaged employees are more likely to work harder, complete work to a higher standard, keener to use their initiative and are more likely to remain long-term employees.
7. Team productivity is low
You should definitely consider a corporate away day if the productivity of your team is low or unsatisfactory.
Perhaps employees are struggling to hit their goals and targets, or you find that there is a lot of idle, unproductive time among your teams. Often it can be difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for this, as lack of productivity is usually a long-term, deep-rooted issue.
lack of productivity signs that your team needs a corporate away day
Lack of productivity and engagement means that your team will benefit from an away day
It goes without saying that low productivity affects the bottom line of the business, however it can also lead to low morale and high staff turnover.
Do these signs that your team needs a corporate away day resonate with you?
Cambray's training department have decades of experience in running corporate away days. Our trainers meet with team and business leaders in advance to discuss specific challenges and goals. Then they tailor the corporate away day to address the problems specific to your team.
Our away days are run in a beautiful hotel, situated in the countryside in the heart of the Cotswolds. This relaxed atmosphere provides the perfect backdrop for your team to team-build, problem solve and grow.
For more information, or to discuss how we can help with your specific requirements in more detail book a free 30-minute consultation with one of our trainers today. Alternatively, fill out the contact details below to receive a call from one of our experts.
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text: METEOROLOGY TODAY has for many years been one of the most widely used and authoritative texts for the introductory meteorology course. This eighth edition sees improvements in flexibility for instructors and strengthened learning solutions for students. Author C. Donald Ahrens has been widely praised for his ability to explain relatively complicated ideas so that even under-prepared students can understand them. The text's clear and inviting narrative is supplemented by numerous pedagogical features that help augment students' understanding. Introductory stories found at the beginning of each chapter draw students naturally into the discussion. In-chapter reviews help students master concepts while they study, and four types of end-of-chapter exercises provide opportunities for everything from further review to in-class discussion questions. In addition to these in-text learning aids, the eighth edition sees a complete integration with CengageNOW, the first assessment-driven and student-centered online learning solution created specifically for this course. CengageNOW uses a series of chapter-specific diagnostic tests to build a personalized learning plan for each student, allowing students to focus their study time on specific areas of weaknesses. Each personalized learning plan directs students to specific chapter sections and concept-driven multimedia tutorials designed to augment their understanding. The new edition is available in its original nineteen chapter classic" version, or as a "core" version, which features only the most popular sixteen chapters. The "core" version sacrifices none of the detail that the course needs, but eliminates chapters that may not be directly covered in class. Looking for more flexibility? With the Cengage Learning TextChoice custom solution program, instructors can select and reorganize chapters to perfectly match their syllabus, thereby creating the ideal text solution for the course."


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A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in sociology allows students to expand upon their knowledge of the human mind and society in general and gives you access to courses that aid in understanding the best ways to collect and analyze data.
Our Ph.D. program prepares students for the academic job market or other professional careers through a challenging, comprehensive and integrated curriculum that trains doctoral students to (1) theorize from a variety of sociological perspectives and (2) analyze using a variety of methodologies. The curriculum also focuses on advanced training in the specialty areas of race/ethnicity/gender, sociology of health and illness, and global/transnational/comparative sociology.
Career insights


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It conatins accurate other and similar related words for siren songs in English. siren song (noun) An enticing but dangerous appeal, especially a misleading one. allurement, bait, come-on, enticement, lure, temptation, turn-on. Synonyms for Siren's Song in Free Thesaurus. ambush. "siren song." What are synonyms for Siren's Song? GRAMMAR. n. An enticing plea or appeal, especially one that is deceptively alluring. traduction siren song dans le dictionnaire Anglais - Francais de Reverso, voir aussi'siren',siren call',siren',sir', conjugaison, expressions idiomatiques Information about siren song in the dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. What are another words for Siren song? 5 Dec. 2020. It was originally released under the "green label" for Diamond Records and was later released under the Junior Boys Own label. 'He heard the siren song of Hollywood, and swam to its shores, blissfully unaware of the jagged critical rocks beneath him.' 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SIREN SONG 'SIREN SONG' is a 9 letter phrase starting with S and ending with G Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for SIREN SONG. Meaning of siren song. siren-song | definition: the enticing appeal of something alluring but potentially dangerous | synonyms: charm| antonyms: repel, dissuade, unattractiveness. GRAMMAR A-Z ; SPELLING ; PUNCTUATION ; WRITING TIPS ; USAGE ; EXPLORE. : +33 3 83 96 21 76 - Fax : +33 3 83 97 24 56 Word of the Day: equinox. What are synonyms for siren song? bait. lure. An enticing but dangerous appeal, especially a misleading one. Proper usage and audio pronunciation (plus IPA phonetic transcription) of the word siren song. "Song to the Siren" is the first The Chemical Brothers single released under the name The Dust Brothers. Web. 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Thanks for your vote! allurement, bait, come-on, enticement, lure, temptation, turn-on. Noun []. 1 synonym for siren song: siren call. © 2012 - CNRTL 44, avenue de la Libération BP 30687 54063 Nancy Cedex - France Tél. Synonymes (Autres mots) pour Siren song & Antonymes (Sens opposé) pour Siren song.. Synonymes siren dans le dictionnaire de synonymes anglais, définition, voir aussi'sicken',silent',satire',screen', expressions, conjugaison, exemples Noun. What are synonyms for siren song? appeal. Something that tempts or is used to tempt someone to do something. allurement. siren-song | definition: the enticing appeal of something alluring but potentially dangerous | synonyms: charm, appeal, appealingness, siren call| antonyms: repel, dissuade, unattractiveness This poses an enormous challenge to us: to find the people who are responding to that siren song. Top siren song synonyms (nouns) are bait, attraction and lure. Night Dreams (Margaret Atwood), Plants reveal pollen-luring secrets: molecules of attraction identified in the wishbone flower. Forums pour discuter de siren, voir ses formes composées, des exemples et poser vos questions. Synonyms for siren song. How do you use siren song in a sentence? Word of the Day: wigwam. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Find siren songs synonyms list of more than 35 words on Pasttenses thesaurus.. Traductions en contexte de "siren songs" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : I would anchor here... and hear the siren songs. Full list of synonyms for Siren song is here. Synonyms. Visit the Thesaurus for More We've arranged the synonyms in length order so that they are easier to find. siren song. STANDS4 LLC, 2020.
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Guide to Public Libraries
Public Libraries in Western Australia
The 232 Public Libraries within Western Australia offer a wide range of resources and services for people of all ages, including:
- Books for recreation and information
- Newspapers and magazines
- Reference resources, including encyclopedias and directories
- Access to State Library website and a range of online databases
- Internet facilities
- Large print books
- Talking books and DVDs
- Music CDs, Games and Jigsaws
- Books and other resources in 50 community languages other than English
- Resources for learning a language
- Community and local history information
- Photocopying facilities
- Resources and services for children and young people
- Services for Seniors
- Services for a multicultural Western Australia
- Services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
- Assistance with literacy and numeracy
- Services to people with disabilities
You are entitled to join your local public library. All you will be required to do is show identification and proof of your current address. There is no charge to join your local public library. If you are under 18 years of age your parent or legal guardian may need to be present when you join.
Please check with your local library for more information on becoming a member and to discover the range of materials and services it provides. If your local public library does not have what you are looking for, the staff may be able to request it for you from another library on inter library loan. You can use our catalogue to find information both at the State Library and throughout the public library network by selecting the "Entire State Library of WA Collection" option, or just materials in the public library network by selecting "Public Library Stock".
Locating your local Public Library
The Australian Libraries Gateway is a free Web-based directory service which has information about more than 6,300 Australian libraries, their collections and services.
To find a library using the gateway, enter the library name into the Name box, select WA for the Location, and select public for the Library Type. If you do not know the name of your library, simply leave the Name box blank (choose WA and public) - this will return a list of all public libraries in WA. From this list you will find:
- Library branch name, & related libraries
- Address and contact information
- Library catalogue
- Opening hours
You could also choose to use the map to find libraries in regional Australia. Click on "Use the map to find libraries in regional Australia", and then select WA and public, then select the Region you are interested in.
Search the Australian Libraries Gateway.
Public Library Address Labels
Here is an easily formatted list of public library addresses for creating postage labels for contacting public libraries in Western Australia.
Download the public library addresses csv file.
The State Library has implemented a Data Quality Improvement Project in order to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data contained in the library catalogue. Questions, comments, or errors in records can be forwarded to: _EMAIL_
Public Libraries and Us
The State Library:
- provides public library collections of catalogued books and other materials, and
- facilitates the provision of the a wide range of information services
to the people of Western Australia through a State-wide network of public libraries managed by local government.
between State and local governments, and other participating bodies, is
maintained and developed through consultation, joint decision making
and agreed standards. A range of training programs are provided to
improve the range and level of services offered by public libraries.
Page last updated: Wednesday 6 March 2013


text:
When it comes to handling high-stake risks on a day-to-day basis, the role of an air traffic controller (ATC) has few rivals. Traditional risk management approaches focus on training, procedures, the work environment and employee health, but the interaction between personality and risk remains comparatively unexplored.
The lack of understanding of the relationship between risk and personality is addressed by the Risk Type Compass (RTC) – a personality assessment that focuses on differences in how individuals perceive, manage and make decisions about risk. Based on extensive global psychological research, it places individuals into one of 8 distinctive 'Risk Types', providing insights that have important implications for individuals, teams and organisations.
So do Air Traffic Controllers Have a Type?
To explore this question, we analysed the reports of 90 individuals from the latter stages of an ATC recruitment process. Initial results point to a resounding "yes", but it is only when compared against a general population sample of 8,000 that the extent of these differences becomes fully apparent.
Over three-quarters of the ATC sample were categorised as 'Deliberate' Risk Types, greatly exceeding the 17% represented in the general population. A complete absence of Carefree and Excitable Risk Types was also notable as, together, these reflect around a fifth of the general population. However, the distinctiveness of the sample did not end with the distribution of Risk Types.
Risk Type Strength refers to the distance of the individual from the Risk Type Compass's central axis, and reflects how closely the individual will relate to their Risk Type description. When compared with Deliberate Risk Types from the general population, the ATC group were five times more likely to fall into the strongest 'Strength 5' category.
What is a Deliberate Type?
Calm, calculated and sure-footed, they are not easily unnerved, but they test the ground thoroughly and like to do things 'by the book'. They will approach tasks in an analytical and business-like way, and will like to plan ahead and be well prepared. Their position on the RTC places them at an opposing position to the Excitable Risk Type, whose decisions are fuelled by enthusiasm for exciting ideas and opportunities, but tempered by sensitive risk antennae. Excitable Risk Types may wrestle over decisions, but will go in deep once committed.
An individual's Risk Type is a reflection of their perception, tolerance and propensity towards risk-taking, and this insight can be applied in various ways. When used in combination with other metrics, the Risk Type Compass can facilitate discussion around a variety of risk-related topics, and these can benefit processes involved in the selection and personal development of individuals in the ATC industry.
Each Risk Type encompasses various strengths and challenges that influence how individuals approach and complete tasks. The self-awareness generated by the Risk Type Compass can aid in identifying the most suitable and effective strategies for that individual to adopt in dealing with any challenges and to improve performance. An example for Deliberate Risk Types could be the need to appreciate that whilst their calm and business-like manner will usually prove a valuable asset in coping with the stress of their role, that same calmness may also prove a barrier to communicating the potential urgency of a situation to pilots.
Understanding variation in these factors will aid in selection, development and team building programs to help ensure an organisation achieves its desired balance. To enquire further about how the Risk Type Compass could benefit you and your organisation, contact us today. More research using the Risk Type Compass can be found in our Knowledge Bank.
This article, by Dr Simon Toms at PCL, was published in The Controller, the official journal of the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations (see page 22).


text:
From Our 2008 Archives
Running Slows the Effects of Aging
Latest Exercise & Fitness News
Study Shows Older Runners Have Fewer Disabilities Than Non-Runners
By Caroline Wilbert
Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD
Aug. 11, 2008 — Regular running slows the effects of aging, according to a new study from the Stanford University School of Medicine that tracked 500 older runners for more than 20 years.
Older runners have fewer disabilities, remain more active as they get into their 70s and 80s, and are half as likely as non-runners to die early deaths, the study shows.
"If you had to pick one thing to make people healthier as they age, it would be aerobic exercise," James Fries, MD, an emeritus professor of medicine at the medical school and the study's senior author, says in a news release.
Researchers tracked 538 runners over age 50, comparing them to a similar group of 423 non-runners. The runners were part of a nationwide running club.
The participants, now in their 70s and 80s, answered yearly questionnaires about their ability to perform everyday activities such as walking, dressing, grooming, getting out of a chair, and gripping objects. The researchers used national death records to learn which participants died and why. Nineteen years into the study, 34% of the non-runners had died, compared with only 15% of the runners.
At the beginning of the study, the runners ran an average of about four hours a week. After 21 years, their running time declined to an average of 76 minutes per week.
Everyone in the study became more disabled after 21 years, but for runners the onset of disability started later. Perhaps not surprisingly, running was linked to lower rates of cardiovascular deaths from causes such as stroke and heart attack. However, it also was associated with fewer early deaths from cancer, neurological disease, infections, and other causes, according to the findings.
The study appears in the Aug. 11 edition of Archives of Internal Medicine.
SOURCES: Chakravarty, E. Archives of Internal Medicine, Aug. 11, 2008; vol 168: no 15. News release, Stanford University Medical Center.
©2008 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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text:
a female, the oesophagus is 2 inches 10 twelfths long; the intestine 31 inches long.
In all these individuals and several others, the stomach contained a great quantity of particles of white quartz, with remains of seeds; and in the oesophagus of one was an oat seed entire.
Although this bird is in its habits very similar to the Crossbills, and feeds on the same sort of food, it differs from them in the form and extent of its crop, in having the gizzard much larger, and the intestines more than double the length, in proportion to the size of the bird.


^n): \operatorname{Supp}(f) \subset M_n^+ \}
Finally let 𝒮 +̲\underline{ \mathcal{S}^+ } the space of all sequences f̲=(f i) iB\underline{f} = (f_i)_{i \in B} with f i𝒮 n +f_i \in \mathcal{S}_n^+ fpr iB 0 ni \in B_0^n with only finitely many entries 0\ne 0.
Axiom 3
reflection positivity
There is a map
*:B 0B 0 *: B_0 \to B_0
with * 2=id B 0*^2 = id_{B_0} that extends to a map
*:BB *: B \to B
*:ii * *: i \mapsto i^*
so that
 1. G i(z)=G i *(θ(z))=G i *(z¯)G_i(z) = G_{i^*}(\theta(z)) = G_{i^*}(- \overline{z})
 2. f̲,f̲0\langle \underline{f}, \underline{f} \rangle \ge 0 for all f̲𝒮 +̲\underline{f} \in \underline{\mathcal{S}^+}
The scalar product f̲,f̲\langle \underline{f}, \underline{f} \rangle is defined as
i,jB,m,n M n+mG i *j(θ(z 1),...,θ(z n),w 1,...,w n)f i(z)¯f j(w)d nzd mw \sum_{i, j \in B, m, n \in \mathbb{N} } \int_{M_{n+m}} G_{i^* j} (\theta(z_1),...,\theta(z_n), w_1,..., w_n) \overline{f_i(z)} f_j(w) d^n z d^m w
Both a Hilbert space and the field operators of the theory can be (re-) constructed from axioms 1, 2 and 3.
TODO: Details
Axiom 4
scaling covariance
The correlation functions satisfy the covariance condition also for dilatations w(z)=e t(t),tw(z) = e^t (t), t \in \mathbb{R}.
Explicitly, the last condition says that
G i(z 1,...,z n)=(e t) h 1+h 1¯+...+h n+h n¯G i(e t(z 1),...,e t(z n)) G_i(z_1,..., z_n) = (e^t)^{h_1 + \overline{h_1} +...+ h_n + \overline{h_n}} G_i(e^t(z_1),..., e^t(z_n))
Given axioms 1-4, the 2-point functions can be fully classified, see below.
Axiom 5
existence of the energy-momentum tensor
There are four fields T μ,ν,μ.ν{0,1}T_{\mu, \nu}, \mu. \nu \in \{0, 1\} with the following properties:
T μ,ν=T ν,μ,T μ,ν(z) *=T ν,μ(θ(z)) T_{\mu, \nu} = T_{\nu, \mu}, \; T_{\mu, \nu}(z)^* = T_{\nu, \mu}(\theta (z))
tT μ,0+ yT μ,1=0 \partial_t T_{\mu, 0} + \partial_y T_{\mu, 1} = 0
T μ,νT_{\mu, \nu} has scaling dimension 2 and the conformal spin ss is restricted by
s(T 00T 11±2iT 01)=±2 s(T_{00} - T_{11} \pm 2i \; T_{01}) = \pm 2
The energy momentum tensor allows us to define two densly defined operators L n,L n¯L_{-n}, \overline{L_{-n}} that both define unitary representations of the Virasoro algebra.
T is holomorphic. Therefore, the operators
L n:=12πi |ζ|=1T(ζ)ζ n+1dζ L_{-n} := \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{| \zeta | = 1} \frac{T(\zeta)}{\zeta^{n+1}} d\zeta
L n¯:=12πi |ζ|=1T¯(ζ)ζ n+1dζ \overline{L_{-n}} := \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{| \zeta | = 1} \frac{\overline{T}(\zeta)}{\zeta^{n+1}} d\zeta
are well defined and satisfy the commutation relations of two commuting Virasoro algebras with the same central charge.
primary field
A conformal field ψ i,iB 0\psi_i, i \in B_0, is called a primary field if
[L n,ψ i]=z n+1 zψ i(z)+h i(n+1)z nψ i(z) [L_n, \psi_i] = z^{n+1} \partial_z \psi_i(z) + h_i (n+1) z^n \psi_i(z)
and likewise for z¯\overline{z}.
So, primary fields are the fields whose correlation functions are covariant "infinitesimally" with respect to all holomorphic functions, the "infinitesimal symmetry" expressed in the definition.
The fields are operator valued distributions and cannot be multiplied in general. The possibility of multiplication of fields evaluated at different points and some control of the singularities of this product are part of the axioms of conformal field theory:
operator product expansion
An operator product expansion (OPE) for a family of fields means that there is for all fields and all z 1z 2z_1 \neq \z_2 a relation of the form
ψ i(z 1)ψ j(z 2) kB 0C ijk(z 1z 2) h kh ih jψ k(z 2) \psi_i(z_1) \psi_j(z_2) \sim \sum_{k \in B_0} C_{ijk} (z_1 - z_2)^{h_k - h_i - h_j} \psi_k(z_2)
Here \sim means modulo regular functions.
Axiom 6
existence of associative operator product expansion
The primary fields have an associative OPE.
Many formal calculations of physicists in CFT involving OPE can be justified by using vertex operator algebras, so that vertex operator algebras have become a standard way to formulate CFT.
Any 2-point function satisfying axioms 1-4 has the following form:
G ij(z 1,z 2)=C ij(z 1z 2) (h i+h j)(z 1¯z 2¯) (h i¯+h j¯) G_{ij}(z_1, z_2) = C_{ij} (z_1 - z_2)^{-(h_i + h_j)} (\overline{z_1} - \overline{z_2})^{-(\overline{h_i} + \overline{h_j})}
with some constant C ijC_{ij} \in \mathbb{C}.
2d CFT on surfaces or arbitrary genus
Conformal anomaly
The Liouville cocycle appears when one moves from genuine representations of 2-dimensional conformal cobordisms to projective representations. The obstruction for such a projective representation to be a genuine representation is precisely given by the central charge cc; when c0c\neq 0, one says that the conformal field theory has a conformal anomaly.
CFT in AQFT language
In AQFT conformal field theory is modeled in terms of local nets that are conformal nets.
Full versus chiral CFT
some discussion of full vs. chiral CFT goes here… then:
The following result establishes which pairs of vertex operator algebras can appear as the left and right chiral parts of a full field algebra in the sense of (Huang-Kong 05), etc. (see vertex operator algebra).
Two modular tensor categories CC and DD are said to have the same Witt class if there exist two spherical categories SS and TT such that we have an equivalence of ribbon categories
C𝒵(S)D𝒵(T) C \boxtimes \mathcal{Z}(S) \simeq D \boxtimes \mathcal{Z}(T)
Here 𝒵(S)\mathcal{Z}(S) is the category whose objects are pairs (Z,z)(Z, z) consisting of an object ZSZ \in S and a natural isomorphism z X:ZXXZz_X : Z \otimes X \stackrel{\simeq}{\to}


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The Karyenda was the main traditional symbol of Burundi and its mwami (kings). It had semidivine status. The mwami was said to interpret the messages of the beatings of the Karyenda and interpret them into rules for the kingdom. When Burundi gained independence from Belgium in 1962, the Karyenda was the symbol for the national flag (now replaced once the republic was established). Traditionally the most important folk songs and dances were performed to extol the virtues of the kingship. Unfortunately, since the fall of the monarchy in 1966 (and particularly after a massacre of Hutus in 1972), such cultural expressions have waned. An big festival was the annual sorghum festival (umuganuro), which was a huge display of pomp, festivities, and dances for the royal court. The second most important drum was the rukinzo. It accompanied the mwami wherever he went.
As sacred objects, the drums were much more than simple musical instruments. They were used for rituals such as the umuganuro, or for special circumstances. Major events for the king were announced through the drums, such a royal coronation, funeral, and weddings. The beating of the drums also signalised certain rites, such as when the mwami rose in the morning or was going to sleep, or marking a special occassion at the court.
The drums were normally kept in drum sanctuaries. These were a tight network of mythical high places. They were a centre of political and religious power in precolonial Burundi. The sanctuaries were guarded mainly by Hutu families, and they alone, with the king's consent, were allowed to manufacture, play, and keep the drums and bring them to the court for an occasion. They were called Abatimbo, meaning in Kirundi drummers "who hit hard". A sacred drum was enthroned in each sanctuary, guarded by attendants, some ingendanyi drums (minor drums), and a set of drums that played for the main drums.
Some of the main sanctuaries for the drums were in:
- Gishora (hill), not far from Gitega,
- the Higiro hill, also not far from Gitega,
- Magamba hill and in
Drums had various names, such as "dispenser of peace" or "lady of the land".
The Drums, despite all upheavals, have remained instruments that are both revered and still popular. The old families who were wardens for the drums have tried to keep their ancient tradition alive. Some have managed to have an international outreach, such as in the recording by L. Ndoricimpa and C. Guillet, Les tambours du Burundi (The drums of Burundi), issued in 1983. For more information please look under Master Drummers of Burundi


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Heritage Tour: Betwix The Para Gawler and Light Rivers
These rivers and their plains have a number of historical mysteries. Why was a dozen Methodist churches built here? Why did Penfield disappear? Why did Port Gawler become a major port? How did Buckland Park (17,000 acres) survive subdivision wjen only 25km from Adelaide?
Come along and be surprised as we tour Gawler River, Kangaroo Flat, Redbanks, Mallala, Two Wells, Port Gawler and St. Kilda.


Researchers find virus plaguing soft-crab businesses
With Dundalk crabbers' help, discovery may boost sales, ease harvest pressure
January 24, 2011|By Timothy B. Wheeler, The Baltimore Su
Not long after Lee Carrion and her partner launched Coveside Crabs in Dundalk five years ago, they realized their seafood business had a serious problem.
Up to half of the molting crabs they were holding in dockside tanks to sell as soft crabs died before they could be sold to customers.
"I was horrified. I couldn't believe they were dying like that," said Carrion, 50, a former teacher who'd left the classroom to join 54-year-old waterman Richard Young in the crab business. Alarmed by the losses, they methodically tweaked their operations and equipment, and managed to reduce the crab mortality, but couldn't eliminate it. Carrion began to look for help.
Her search led to the Columbus Center in the Inner Harbor. There, as it turned out, scientists with the University of Maryland's Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology were looking for a soft-crab business in the Baltimore area willing to provide some crabs to study.
Working together, they have found a virus in Chesapeake Bay blue crabs that they believe routinely kills a quarter or more of all soft crabs produced baywide before the premium seafood can get to market. They hope the discovery will lead to a way to spot and screen out infected animals, making soft-crab businesses more profitable while easing harvest pressure on the bay's iconic crustacean.
The findings, published in the December issue of the journal Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, go a long way toward explaining the significant die-off seen in soft-crab shedding operations, said Eric J. Schott, a research assistant professor with UM's Center for Environmental Science at the Inner Harbor institute.
The researcher said the virus appears to affect only blue crabs, and there's no evidence it poses any hazard to humans. In any case, he pointed out, pathogens would be eliminated when the crabs are cooked.
"It's an expected part of soft-crab production," Schott said of the mortality. "Peeler" crabs showing signs of being nearly ready to molt are harvested from the wild and held in tanks until they wriggle out of their shells. They're plucked from the water before they can grow new shells. In the tanks, Schott said, soft-crab operations have reported losing 30 to 40 percent of their inventory.
Until now, most watermen had written off the crabs' demise to poor water quality or the stress and injuries they get in being caught, handled and kept in captivity.
"This is something that has been talked about off and on forever," said Bill Sieling, executive director of Chesapeake Bay Seafood Industries Association, based in Annapolis.
But Schott, who specializes in aquatic viruses, suspected something more may be involved. Aquaculture operations, with fish raised in close confinement, are often beset by diseases, he noted. So he and his colleagues set out to look for a hidden killer in soft-crab shedding operations.
They first extracted nucleic acids from obviously sick crabs — they become sluggish a few days before dying — and processed the samples to see if they could see any double-stranded RNA, the genetic material typical of viruses. They spotted a virus, and found the same one in more than half the dead and dying soft crabs they examined. It showed up in less than 5 percent of the healthy crabs they checked.
As a further test of the virus' potency, researchers put it in healthy crabs — all became ill and died.
Schott said the virus doesn't appear to be that prevalent in the wild — they found it in less than 4 percent of more than 200 crabs sampled from around the bay. But in the close quarters of a soft-crab shedding operation, it appeared to spread readily and take a significant toll.
"Typically, during harvest, crabs become injured, with nicks and scratches," Schott explained. Normally, that's not a big deal, since crabs' hemolymph, or circulating fluid, clots just as human blood does. But crabs with the virus lose their ability to clot, the researcher said. And while the virus itself may not have killed all the crabs, it likely paved the way. The virus affects the animals' immune system, so they can't defend themselves from other germs or viruses.
Some soft-crab operations pump outside water through their shedding tanks, while others recirculate their water. Coveside gets its crabs from the bay and its water from Tabasco Cove, at the head of Bear Creek. But Schott said the type of water system used in the shedding operation doesn't appear to affect how many crabs get sick.
What does seem to matter, he said, is the length of time crabs are together in tanks. "The longer they're in there, the greater the chances that they'll contract the virus," he said.
Baltimore Sun Articles


mammals known for eating ants and termites
An anteater is a mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae and the suborder Vermilingua. Anteaters live in South America and Central America.
Temporal range: Early Miocene-present
Giant anteater
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pilosa
Suborder: Vermilingua
Illiger, 1811
Anteaters eat ants and termites. They have long, sharp claws and a long, sticky tongue. The tongue can be up to 60 cm long, as long as a person's arm. The anteater opens an ant nest with its claws. Then it licks up the ants with its tongue.
Large anteaters that move on the ground knuckle-walk, bending their front toes under when they move the way gorillas do. Small anteaters that live in trees do not do this.[1]
 1. Caley M Orr (2005). "Knuckle-walking Anteater: A Convergence Test of Adaptation for Purported Knuckle-Walking Features of African Hominidae". Am J Phys Anthropol. 128 (3): 639–58. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20192. PMID _PHONE_. Retrieved July 8, 2020.


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| This paper is concerned with
the problem of sensor-based navigation in three-dimensions. The robot, which
is modeled as a "bug" or a "point robot," has no a priori knowledge of the
environment. It must rather use its sensors to perceive the environment
and plan a collision-free path to various targets. The robot is further
required to navigate in the most reactive way possible, retaining the smallest
amount of information required for global convergence to the target. We
assume a three-dimensional polyhedral environment and present two basic
results for sensor-based navigation in this environment. First we establish
sufficient conditions for range-sensor-based exploration of the entire surface
of a general polyhedron and present a strategy for performing this task.
Then we characterize the locally shortest path from the current robot location
to the target and present a method for estimating this path in time that
is linear with the problem size. Based on these results, we present a range-sensor-based
navigation algorithm for a bug robot in a general three-dimensional polyhedral
environment. The algorithm, called 3DBug, strives to process the sensory
data in the most reactive way possible, without sacrificing its global convergence
guarantee. The algorithm uses two modes of motion, called motion-toward-the-target
and obstacle-surface-traversal. During the first mode of motion, the robot
follows the locally shortest path to the target in a purely reactive fashion.
During the second mode of motion, the robot attempts to reach exit points
along an obstacle surface, while simultaneously expanding its knowledge
of the obstacle based on range data. We provide analysis of the algorithm,
showing that if the target is reachable, the robot always finds obstacle
exit points from which it reaches the target. Otherwise, the robot eventually
possesses full knowledge of the obstacle blocking its path to the target
and determines that the target is unreachable. We have also implemented
and verified the algorithm on three-dimensional simulated environments.
The simulation results show that 3DBug generates paths that resemble the
globally shortest path in simple scenarios and reasonably short paths in
concave roomlike environments.


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Drastic changes to travel behavior during the pandemic have decreased fuel tax revenue in many states, but the extent and timing of financial recovery in the years to come remain uncertain. New research from the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), "The Impact of the COVID-19 Recovery on California Transportation Revenue: A Scenario Analysis through 2040," estimates the impact the COVID-19 pandemic would have on state-generated transportation revenue under six potential economic recovery scenarios, projecting the state's future transportation revenue through 2040.
The six scenarios vary by several variables, including the length of the economic downturn and differences in transportation trends such as vehicle miles traveled (VMT), light-duty fleet size, and the mix of internal-combustion engine (ICE) vs. zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). The study used a tested spreadsheet model and well-known data sources to project transportation revenues generated by California's Senate Bill 1 (2017) package of taxes and fees. These are taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel, plus two annual fees levied on vehicles.
While there is no certainty that the future will resemble any of the chosen scenarios, they nevertheless help state leaders assess and design policies to achieve desired outcomes.
The study's revenue projections under these six scenarios found that:
- The projections demonstrate that annual California transportation revenue by 2040 could range from as little as $6.5 billion to as much as $10.9 billion.
- The projected cumulative revenue raised between 2020 and 2040 varies across the scenarios by more than $40 billion.
- In 2020, taxes on fuels will generate roughly three-quarters of state generated transportation revenue but will likely generate a much smaller percentage of overall revenue by 2040 (in four of the six scenarios, they generate less than a quarter of revenues).
"The findings highlight the need for California's policy leader to prepare a long-term strategy for raising adequate transportation revenues that take into account the wide variation that will arise," says Principal Investigator Dr. Asha W. Agrawal.
Researchers suggest that in order to achieve its policy goals of reducing carbon emissions from the transportation sector, California's policymakers may wish to change the structure of taxes to replace the revenue lost from fuel taxes. For instance, the research team suggests supplementing the existing tax structure with a new road-user charge of one cent per mile.


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Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
Potato flour is also produced in Germany and other countries, slices of cleaned potatoes being dried, ground, and sieved. In Germany a "potato sago" is produced. The starch cake obtained from the potatoes is crumbled to produce reasonably uniform-size particles that are rounded by tumbling or similar operations, heated to gelatinize the outside layers of the starch, and then dried.
Potatoes are frequently served whole or mashed as a cooked vegetable and are also ground into potato flour, used in baking and as a thickener for sauces. Potatoes are highly digestible. They also supply vitamin C, amino acids, protein, thiamin, and nicotinic acid.
What made you want to look up "potato flour"? Please share what surprised you most...


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Definition - What does Back Ionization mean?
Back ionization is the excessive deposition of charged powder particles, preventing further powder from being deposited on the substrate. This results in improper surface coating.
This phenomenon causes coatings to have high porosity and improper bonding, leading to a coating that is not suitable for corrosion protection.
Back ionization is also known as starring or starburst effect.
Corrosionpedia explains Back Ionization
When charged powder coating is applied to a metal surface, the thickness of powder coating increases. Because of this, a cumulative charge will be produced by powder particles on the coating as coating's thickness increases. As the coating thickness increases, the strength of the electric field becomes sufficient to ionize air trapped between powder particles.
The ionization of air generates a great number of positive ions. These positive charges try to escape from the coating and attract the negative charge of the coating particles. This creates an uneven coating surface. This causes an "orange peel" texture on the powder's surface. The phenomenon is more typical when applying a second coat on a part, but can occur when applying the first coat.
How to avoid back ionization:
- Lower voltage settings
- Optimizing distance between the gun and coating surface
- Ion collector use: A grounding ring or grounding source of power


misa = Mass feminine noun
feminine noun
English Translation of MISA
Examples of MISA
 vamos a misa todos los domingos we go to mass every Sunday dijeron/celebraron misa en la catedral they said/celebrated mass in the cathedral los niños estaban como en misa the children were really quiet ¡por mí, que digan misa! let them say what they like! lo que yo diga va a misa what I say goes
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up misa? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
Spanish Word of the Day


Binary Golay code
Error code on the binar
Analog-to-digital signal conversion[ edit ] Frank Graywho became famous for inventing the signaling method that came to be used for compatible color television, invented a method to convert analog signals to reflected binary code groups using vacuum tube -based apparatus.
Classification of binary codes
Filed error code on the binarthe method and apparatus were granted a patent in[13] and the name of Gray stuck to the codes. Goodall, who credited Gray for the idea of the reflected binary code.
Error Correcting Codes Weighted Codes Weighted binary codes are those binary codes which obey the positional weight principle. Each position of the number represents a specific weight. Several systems of the codes are used to express the decimal digits 0 through 9. In these codes each decimal digit is represented by a group of four bits. Non-Weighted Codes In this type of binary codes, the positional weights are not assigned.
Position encoders[ edit ] Rotary encoder for angle-measuring devices marked in 3-bit binary-reflected Gray code BRGC A Gray code absolute rotary encoder with 13 tracks. Housing, interrupter disk, and light source are in the top; sensing element and support components are in the bottom. Gray codes are used in linear and rotary position encoders absolute encoders and quadrature encoders in preference to weighted binary encoding.
Это, во всяком случае, достаточно безопасно. Хилвар пожал плечами, словно слагая с себя ответственность за все, что может произойти. Теперь, когда Элвин проявлял хоть какую-то осторожность, его друг решил не признаваться, что и сам он горит нетерпением продолжать поиски, хотя и давно распрощался с надеждой встретить на этих планетах разумную жизнь. Впереди виднелся двойной мир: огромная планета и ее спутник меньшего размера.
This avoids the possibility that, when multiple bits change in the binary representation of a position, a misread will result from some of the bits changing before others. For example, some rotary encoders provide a disk which has an electrically conductive Gray code pattern on concentric rings tracks. Each track has a stationary metal spring contact that provides electrical contact to the conductive code pattern.
 1. Он ведь был один из первых, кого я встретил в Лизе.
 2. И тем не менее оно, вне всякого сомнения, было личностью -- на свой лад, конечно, и по каким-то неведомым причинам с явной подозрительностью относилось к Олвину, чьи спорадические попытки завоевать его доверие кончались ничем.
 3. Под этими куполами могут быть дома - или что-нибудь - Если все купола будут предостерегать нас, мы этого не сможем узнать.
 4. Binary options platform mt4
 5. Gray code - Wikipedia
Together, these contacts produce output signals in the form of a Gray code. Other encoders employ non-contact mechanisms based on optical or magnetic sensors to produce the Gray code output signals. Regardless of the mechanism or precision of a moving encoder, position measurement error can occur at specific positions at code boundaries because the code may be changing at the exact moment it is read sampled. A binary output code could cause significant position measurement errors because it is impossible to make all bits change at exactly the same time.
If, at the moment the where to really make money today is sampled, some bits have changed and others have not, the sampled position will be incorrect.
error code on the binar
In the case of absolute encoders, the indicated position may be far away from the actual position and, in the case of incremental encoders, this can corrupt position tracking. In contrast, the Gray code used by position encoders ensures that the codes for any two consecutive positions will differ by only one bit and, consequently, only one bit can change at a time. In this case, the maximum position error will be small, indicating a position adjacent to the actual position.
Text to Binary Converter
Genetic algorithms[ edit ] Due to the Hamming error code on the binar properties of Gray codes, they are sometimes used in genetic algorithms. Boolean circuit minimization[ edit ] Error correction[ edit ] In modern digital communicationsGray codes play an important role in error correction.
error code on the binar
This makes the transmission system less susceptible to noise. Communication between clock domains[ edit ] Main article: Clock domain crossing Digital logic binary options for mobile use Gray codes extensively for passing multi-bit count information between synchronous logic that operates at different clock frequencies.
The logic is considered operating in different "clock domains".
If one interprets the support of each subset as a codeword of length 24 with Hamming-weight 8these are the "octads" in the binary Golay code. The entire Golay code can be obtained by repeatedly taking the symmetric differences of subsets, i.
It is fundamental to the design of large chips that operate with many different clocking frequencies. Cycling through states with minimal effort[ edit ] If a system error code on the binar to cycle through all possible combinations of on-off states of some set of controls, and the changes of the controls require non-trivial expense e. An example would be testing a piping system for all combinations of settings of its manually operated valves.
error code on the binar
A balanced Gray code can be constructed, [63] that flips every bit equally often. Since bit-flips are evenly distributed, this is optimal in the following way: balanced Gray codes minimize the maximal count of bit-flips for each digit. Gray code counters and arithmetic[ edit ] George R. Stibitz utilized a reflected binary code in a binary pulse counting device in already.
Related Tools (that might interest you)
Each bit of the pointers is sampled non-deterministically error code on the binar this clock domain transfer. So for each bit, either the old value or the new value is propagated. Therefore, if more than one bit in the multi-bit pointer is changing at the sampling point, a "wrong" binary value neither new nor old can be propagated.
error code on the binar
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This is similar to the advantage of Gray codes in the construction of mechanical error code on the binar, however the source of the Gray code is an electronic counter in this case.
The counter itself must count in Gray code, or if the counter runs in binary then the output value from the counter must be reclocked after it has been converted to Gray code, because when a value is converted from binary to Gray code, [nb 4] it is possible that differences in the arrival times of the binary data bits into the binary-to-Gray conversion circuit will mean that the code could go briefly through states that are wildly out of sequence.
Adding a clocked register after the circuit that converts the count value error code on the binar Gray code may introduce a clock cycle of latency, so counting directly in Gray code may be advantageous. One way to increment a Gray code number is to convert it into ordinary binary code, [66] add one to it with a standard binary adder, and then convert the result back to Gray code.
 - Надпись на нем изменилась теперь на противоположную и смысл ее оказался бесконечно ободряющ: Диаспар.
 - Binary Golay code - Wikipedia


text: The short message service Twitter has gained significant popularity and uptake among participants of conferences and organized events as a backchannel for intra-event communication. Information that is exchanged explicitly through such tweets, or that is implicitly present in them, remains mostly hidden and undecipherable to machines. In this paper we propose a framework for extracting valuable information from conference tweets, enabling its publication as Linked Data. We introduce the concept of mapping tweets with the talks and subevents that they refer to, in doing so gaining access to additional information about the users, talks and dynamics of the event. We present preliminary results of our work towards tweet-talk mappings and motivate our current and future work by giving several use cases for such extracted data.