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Rhode Island Violent Crimes Lawyer
FBI statistics show that more than 2,500 violent crimes were committed in Rhode Island during 2015 resulting in over 800 arrests. Although those numbers are high – they are down considerably from the state's highest points in _PHONE_ with well over 4,ooo recorded violent crimes.
Violent crime is frightening. Its randomness provokes fear and a feeling of helplessness: if it is random, how can you protect yourself? Public outcry and political reaction to it put considerable pressure on law enforcement to prevent violent crimes and to punish them severely when they do occur.
Sometimes that public pressure leads law enforcement to be overzealous in their desire to solve violent crimes and reassure the public. It's the job of Rhode Island violent crimes attorney to protect your rights and make sure that this zeal doesn't end up snaring innocent people.
Most Common Reasons for Arrest in Rhode Island
According to data provided by the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, property crime and violent crime are the most common reasons for arrest in Rhode Island.
Did You Know?
- East Greenwich is the safest city to live in Rhode Island, with a violent crime rate of 7.6.
- The overall crime rate in Providence, Rhode Island is 38% higher than that of the national average.
- You have a 1 in 26 chance of becoming a victim of any crime in Providence.
- There are about 10 daily crimes committed for every 100,000 people.
- Providence, Rhode Island is safer than 17% of the cities in the United States.
- Year over year, the number of crimes in Providence, Rhode Island have decreased by 9%.
Penalties Are Severe
All violent crimes carry significant penalties upon conviction, but the severity varies considerably depending on the specific violent crime. At the extreme end is first degree murder, punishable by 20 years to life. Simple assault or battery charges, in comparison, calls for a maximum prison term of one year and up to $1,000 in fines. Many violent crimes carry sentences of 10 to 20 years and, as a general rule, the more violent, the more severe the sentence.
For violent crimes that also amount to domestic violence, the penalties are enhanced further. For violent crimes that fit the state's hate crime law, the penalty can be increased an additional 1 to 5 years.
Violent Crime Defense in Rhode Island
Violent crime charges can be defended on many different grounds. The types of defense can generally be grouped into the following four categories:
- Affirmative defenses, which admit the facts that the state is charging you with, but claim that your actions were justified. Self defense is the classic example: "Yes, I hit the victim, but only to stop him from stabbing me."
- Defenses that directly attack the accuracy of the facts alleged by the state. Examples include claims that the state has identified the wrong person as the culprit, that the defendant did not have a gun as the state claims, or that a key state witness is lying or simply mistaken.
- Defenses that attack the state's proof of an essential element of the crime. Examples include the lack of "malice aforethought" in a case charging first degree murder, or that there was no coercion in a case charging first degree sexual assault.
- Procedural defenses, like failure to provide a speedy trial. These may result in dismissal of the charge (like failure to provide a speedy trial), or simply make it harder for the state to prove its case by getting preventing some evidence from being used.
It takes considerable time and experience to identify the defenses most likely to succeed. Any challenge to the accuracy of the facts alleged by the state requires significant investigation and interviewing of witnesses.
Call an Experienced Rhode Island Violent Crimes Attorney
If you have been accused of committing a violent crime in Rhode Island, get legal help. The sooner you get the advice of an experienced criminal defense lawyer, the better your chances of still being free when the case is over. Seemingly innocent statements that you make to the police, or even to a cellmate in the local jail, can come back to haunt you. Talk to an experienced defense lawyer before you talk to anyone else.
Violent crime cases are high stakes battles. On one side are the prosecutors, well equipped and with the power and resources of the state at their command. On the other side are you and your defense lawyer. The cases are complex, and many different factors can be considered to increase the potential penalties. Important questions and issues arise quickly and need to be quickly addressed.
Rhode Island criminal defense attorney Stefanie A. Murphy has years of successful experience handling a wide variety of violent crime cases in Rhode Island. She can protect your rights throughout the proceeding by, among other things:
- Working to obtain your release pending trial
- Explaining the case and the various twists and turns it may take
- Seeing to it that the state fulfills its obligations on time limits, points of procedure and sharing evidence with you
- Investigating the state's witnesses for reliability, bias, etc.
- Identifying witnesses whose testimony works in your favor
- Advising you on any plea deals
- Presenting any of the defenses discussed above become relevant to your case as the facts are developed
Call the Law Offices of Stefanie A. Murphy today. There is no charge for your initial consultation.


Cultural Programs
Taking care and giving back. The power of a generous heart.
Assistance League charitable programs rely on hands-on involvement by our volunteers and spring from their generous hearts and minds. Each innovative program is designed to meet specific needs of individual communities. Assistance League member volunteers have achieved true transformation in their communities and have helped make a better world possible.
Cultural programs provide a window on the world
Enrichment activities and experiences are essential to the development of well-rounded children. Art discovery lessons and youth exhibits, live theater, symphony performances, museum visits and scholarships for science camps are sponsored by various chapters to introduce fine arts to local school kids. Kids on the Block puppetry programs explore issues of disability, cultural differences, healthy eating and exercise, social problems and acceptance of self and others. As a gesture of kindness and camaraderie, Assistance League members befriend senior adults in assisted living facilities. They host parties and special activities and provide small gifts that bring cheer and encouragement to the older generation.
Cultural Program Stories


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Scrabble word: RAMP
In which Scrabble dictionary does RAMP exist?
Definitions of RAMP in dictionaries:
- noun - an inclined surface connecting two levels
- noun - North American perennial having a slender bulb and whitish flowers
- noun - a movable staircase that passengers use to board or leave an aircraft
- verb - behave violently, as if in state of a great anger
- verb - furnish with a ramp
- verb - be rampant
- verb - creep up -- used especially of plants
- verb - stand with arms or forelegs raised, as if menacing
- An inclined surface or roadway connecting different levels.
- A mobile staircase by which passengers board and leave an aircraft.
- A concave bend of a handrail where a sharp change in level or direction occurs, as at a stair landing.
- To act threateningly or violently; rage.
- To assume a threatening stance.
- To stand in the rampant position.
- verb - to rise or stand on the hind legs
There are 4 letters in RAMP: A M P R
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to RAMP
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word RAMP plus a wildcard: RAMP?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word RAMP
Images for RAMP
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Part of the series Rhymes for Rascals.
Rhymes for rascals is a three-book blackline master series of original poems written with humour, catchy rhythm and rhyme. Each anthology, with its comical punch lines, will appeal to students and teachers alike. Written especially with performance in mind, with guides supplied for each poem, each book provides new material for those involved in classroom recital activities, school assembly items, concerts and eisteddfods. Each poem is accompanied by a list of suggestions for further activities from each key learning area which can be used in the classroom. Two blackline masters relating to aspects of each poem are also included.
- 20 original poems in each book
- contemporary poetry themes, with a humorous flavour, relating to each age group
- each poem is accompanied by:
- a performance guide with hints for teachers;
- suggestions for further activities from each key learning area;
- two blackline masters relating to the poem; and
- answers where necessary.
- final four poem in each book written especially for group or choral work
- poems are easy to learn or recite by mainstream and special needs students
|Product Type||Teacher Resources,|
|Year Level||Year 3, Year 4,|
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Texas Arboretum: Hall of Texas Heroes
Welcome to the Hall of Texas Heroes where Texas history comes alive and the past is celebrated through the propagation of historically significant trees. Because of their iconic nature and long life, live oaks are often identified with historic places and events.
Scientific Name Common Name Duration Habit Sun Water
Quercus fusiformis Escarpment live oak, Plateau live oak, Texas live oak, Scrub live oak, Hill country live oak, Plateau oak Perennial Tree Sun, Part-shade Dry
Quercus virginiana Coastal live oak, Southern live oak, Live oak Perennial Tree Sun, Part-shade Moist


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15-13, Pi Model B 512MB RAM: Patrick Dunn
- 5-21-13, Prototyping Pi Plate Kit: Philip Kirby
- Next winner announced on 5-27-13!
Free Webinar: Hadoop
How to Build an Optimal Hadoop Cluster to Store and Maintain Unlimited Amounts of Data Using Microservers
Realizing the promise of Apache® Hadoop® requires the effective deployment of compute, memory, storage and networking to achieve optimal results. With its flexibility and multitude of options, it is easy to over or under provision the server infrastructure, resulting in poor performance and high TCO. Join us for an in depth, technical discussion with industry experts from leading Hadoop and server companies who will provide insights into the key considerations for designing and deploying an optimal Hadoop cluster.
Some of key questions to be discussed are:
- What is the "typical" Hadoop cluster and what should be installed on the different machine types?
- Why should you consider the typical workload patterns when making your hardware decisions?
- Are all microservers created equal for Hadoop deployments?
- How do I plan for expansion if I require more compute, memory, storage or networking?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Knowledge and skills for life and work
Pearson is working with the British Council to deliver a new government funded programme called Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning (CCGL).
This new programme supports teachers and school leaders in schools around the world to improve teaching – giving students the knowledge, skills and attitudes they need to make a positive contribution now and in the future.
It helps teachers enhance lessons with global learning themes and gives students a platform to learn about and collaborate with peers in other countries on the big issues that shape our world. Through free professional development for teachers, connections with other schools, and engaging learning resources, the CCGL helps develop students equipped to live and work in a globalised world.
Building a global learning journey
There are a host of learning opportunities on offer to UK schools as part of the CCGL. Whether a school is part of a cluster or applying for individual opportunities, their global learning journey can be tailored to match their school's priorities thanks to the programme's range of flexible elements.
Opportunities available to UK schools
UK schools can apply for access to the following CCGL opportunities as an individual school, a lead school, or as part of a cluster:
- free access to high-quality online and face-to-face professional development for teachers and school leaders - find out more
- classroom activities with partner schools based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- an online partner-finding tool to help schools build international connections, as well as guidance and training to get the most from partnerships
- grants for reciprocal visits between partner schools in different countries, either as a cluster of schools or one-to-one school partnership
- grants for lead schools to build and expand a cluster network and develop the skills of an appointed international co-ordinator
- recognition via the relevant level of the International School Award to highlight your achievements in embedding international education in your school.
Learn more on the Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning website
Collaboration and support
Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning can help schools make connections locally and globally. It encourages schools in the UK to work together as clusters, or individually, to develop partnerships with schools in other countries and embed global learning in the classroom.
Being part of a cluster means you are fully supported throughout your global learning journey by becoming part of a new global learning network, where practitioners with a broad range of international expertise share their experiences and advice.
Becoming a lead school brings with it a host of benefits. Lead schools get access grants to build and expand a cluster network, access a range of advanced professional development opportunities for a co-ordinator to further develop their own practice around global learning themes and gain the skills and resources to take a lead role in delivering training to schools in the cluster, host events showcasing their international work to the wider community, and get cover support for the co-ordinator's time.
Learn together, act together
By integrating global themes into their lessons, teachers can engage learners in understanding how to use core and transferable skills, such as critical thinking and citizenship. It can inspire students to apply what they learn in the classroom to help them thrive in the wider world, create positive change and live as responsible global citizens.


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People usually begin new jobs with great expectations. But the enthusiasm can fade long before managers are aware problems exist. One way to minimize the disillusionment, says Andy Plata, CEO of Computer Output Printing Inc. (COPI), a 23-employee laser printing specialist in Houston, is to develop ways of staying in touch with your workers.
His approach: have new employees write him letters.
Before new people come to work at COPI, Plata and his managers ask them to write a letter to management about why they've chosen to work there. After the first week they're asked to write another letter describing "what they hope to accomplish at COPI and what contributions they feel they can make."
Seven weeks later they write a third letter detailing their progress. "We want to know if they're still turned on," says Plata. The letters become the focal point of managers' discussions about employee goals and how work relations can be improved.
He thinks new employees have adjusted to working at COPI more easily since he came up with the idea two years ago. "It helps us determine early how a person likes to work and what he or she needs from us."


Infectious Waste
All WSU personnel who generate infectious waste must notify the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS). Any infectious waste meeting the definition of hazardous waste due to its chemical properties or which is also radioactive must be managed differently than regular infectious waste.
Any WSU personnel who generates chemically hazardous or radioactive infectious waste must contact EHS to determine proper treatment and disposal procedures.
As a generator, you shall segregate infectious waste from other waste at the point of generation.
Please ensure that you are aware of the current infectious waste management procedures by reading the Infectious Waste Management Guide (PDF).
Do you need to have infectious waste picked up? Submit a Chemical and Hazardous Waste Pick-Up Form.
For more detailed information, or questions about the program, contact Bill Palmer at _PHONE_.


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Definition of garage
- garage Noun A building (or section of a building) used to store a car, tools and other miscellaneous items.
- garage Noun A place where cars are serviced and repaired.
- garage Noun A petrol filling station,
- garage Noun An independent automobile repair shop.
- garage Noun A type of guitar rock music, personified by amateur bands playing in the basement or garage.
- garage Noun A type of electronic dance music.
- garage Verb To store in a garage.


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Vastu for Staircase
Most houses consist of multiple floors and require structures to bridge the vertical distance between them. Normally, the medium used are stairways available in plethora of shapes (such as round, straight, etc) and materials (concrete, wooden, etc).However, before choosing any character, size or direction you should make sure the blue print of your stairway confirms with vastu for staircase.
A staircase must always be built in the western or southern part of the house. Make sure it's not constructed in the northeast corner, as that could lead to financial losses for the owner. In fact, staircase in any corner except west or south brings losses.
Tips According To Vastu For Staircase
- An external staircase can be built in the southeast direction facing east, southwest direction facing west, northwest direction facing north, and southwest direction facing south.
- Always begin your stairs from north to south or east to west. A turn can also be taken to other sides, in case there is a lack of space.
- Stairs must always have an odd number and the number must never end with a zero.
- The vertical set of stairs should also have an odd number and when divided by three their remnant must be two.
- Never make circular staircases as they have the ability to cause bad health. Also, a staircase encircling the building can lead to severe calamites.
- The room which has a staircase in the southwest corner of a basement is not auspicious. As per vastu, people living in a room such as this experience high blood pressure, undiagnosed diseases, anemia and the like.
- Construct doors at the end and beginning of each staircase. Also, it's important to make sure the stairs don't touch the northern or eastern walls.
- Try constructing staircases in such a way that stairs are not openly visible to the visitors. Directly visible stairs are thought to be inauspicious.
- Broken stairs must be repaired instantly, as they may lead to tensions and accidents.
- Rooms such as bathroom, kitchen, or pooja room should never be built under a staircase. This area can only be used for creating a storage room.
- If a linear staircase is constructed, it must begin from north to south or east to west (inside or outside the house). Later, it can take any direction.
Colors According To Vastu For Staircase
Staircases must always be painted in light colors and shades such as red and black should be avoided completely.


RSL - List of restricted substances in shoes
"Sustainability and environmental protection are the key issues that the cads organization – cooperation for assuring defined standards for shoe and leather goods production (a registered association) - deals with. Its priority is the prevention of dangerous substances in shoes. To achieve this objective, cads members, among them the chemical industry, manufacturers of materials and manufacturers of the shoe, leather goods and textile sector as well as important commercial enterprises, attach great importance to applying the strict values that often exceed the official guidelines not only within their own production processes but also to disseminate them worldwide along the entire supply chain among the manufacturers of materials and the supplier industry.
Since various limits apply in the individual countries, our objective is to set minimum requirements. This also serves the purpose of promoting the dialogue about critical substances with non-governmental organizations. Our efforts culminated in the first version of a joint guideline published in 2013, which had a considerable worldwide response.
The present "List of Restricted Substances in Shoes" was published in close coordination with independent testing and research facilities. All companies that voluntarily belong to cads commit themselves to achieve the consciously set ambitious objectives. In most cases, the voluntary commitment of the cads members even clearly exceeds statutory requirements.
I am sure that the importance of the issues of sustainability and environmental protection will become even more important in the future. For this reason, we recommend all companies of the shoe and leather goods sector to choose a precautionary approach when dealing with the environment and to take initiatives that create a higher sense of environmental responsibility. Join us in our path that leads to pollutant-free, sustainable and environmentally compatible production. Support us in becoming a little better every day! "
Michael Tackenberg
Chairman of the board
AZO Dyes
Azo dyes are dyes which contain at least one azo bond (-N = N-) within the molecule. Azo dyes are lightfast and acid-stable. In textiles and leather, azo dyes are commonly used as colorant.
Certain azo dyes, when in a basic chemical environment or under certain enzyme conditions, can release dangerous aromatic amines.
The statutory requirement for these aromatic amines from azo dyes is 30 mg/kg in the EU.
cads has specified that value to be reduced by one third to
20 mg/kg which also takes account of the legal requirements in China.
Biocides are biologically active substances, and their toxic and biocidal nature enables them to kill or harm living things. Therefore they are used for mould prevention or as a disinfectant. Biocides have adverse effects on the nervous system when entering into the human body. They may irritate eyes, skin, and the respiratory system. In the manufacture of leather bicides have to be used as product preservation to protect the wet intermediates. In order to prevent excessive use cads uses limits for the biocides based on the requirements of the Blue Angel for shoes.
cads has reviewed the listed substances and pronounced the compliance with the maximum regulatory limits and has fixed sometimes lower limits.
Chlorinated Phenols
In tanneries and the pulp industry the listed chlorinated phenols are used as fungicides, insecticides and bactericides. They are toxic and can be dangerous. For chlorinated phenols exist partially regulations which specify quantity limits, a few of them are prohibited in some states.
cads sets lower limits as given in the legal guideline, in some cases significantly or has set for undeclared substances maximum amounts.
Dyestuffs (allergenous, carcinogenic, others)
Disperse dyes are generally water-insoluble colorants that are mainly used for coloring polyester, nylon and cellulose acetate textile fibers. They have extremely high fastness to light for very pale colors. Some disperse dyes have an allergenous (sensitizing) potential to human skin and some are partly classified as carcinogenic.
cads respects the different requirements and has scheduled for the use of the listed substances a general limit of 3,3 mg/l (50 mg/kg).
Heavy metals
Heavy metals are available in colorants and used as dye-fixing agents. They are also used as stabilizers in plastics. Many heavy metals are bioaccumulative when absorbed by human body through perspiration and give cause for concern in health terms. The listed heavy metals are supposed to technical regulations.
cads has defined additional limits which are based on the
prior art.
Organotin comounds
The major commercial applications of organotin compounds are as plastic stabilizers, catalysts, industrial biocides, antifouling paints, glass coatings, and pesticides. They are also used as disinfectant for textiles, leather and pulp. Organotin compounds are environmental pollutants and particularly dangerous to aquatic creatures.
cads has appointed limits that are a fraction of the allowed values.
Other chemical residues
Many materials can be equipped with special chemicals to produce waterand soil-resistant properties or to prevent shrinkage. Furthermore, chemical substances remain as residues of the manufacturing process in the material, whereby possible health risks by migration in contact with the skin can not be excluded.
cads has fixed stringent limits in consideration of the production-related feasibility.
Perfluorinated substances
Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances are non-naturally occurring substances in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. The best known representatives of this class of substances are PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid). These substances are used as water and oil repellent impregnating agents. They are persistent in nature as well as bioaccumulating and are not or are degraded to a very small extent.
Based on legal requirements and technical feasibility, cads has set its strict limits here.
Other phenols
Alkylphenols are used as plasticizers in plastics and for the production of alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are used as nonionic surfactants. APEOs are biodegradable persistant and may have hormonal effects.
Based on legal requirements and campaigns by NGOs, cads has reduced the requirements clearly.
Phthalates have diverse uses in modern commerce. One of their primary uses is as a plasticizer in flexible plastic products. They are also used as fixatives, detergents, lubricating oils, and solvents.
As a result of these diverse uses, phthalates are found in many consumer products, such as textiles, footwear, cosmetics.
Phthalates can result in health problems.
cads, in his position as a pioneer, shows that the reduction of Phthalates is possible and reduces the existing legal requirements for shoes and leather goods.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAHs are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood, oil and animal fats. PAHs are less water-soluble, evaporable and degradable and attach themselves to organic particulate matter. PAH contaminations have been found not only in rubber but also in various plastics, because they will be inserted by the used plastcizer oils or carbon black as coloring agent.
Since the end of 2015 some PAHs are regulated by law. Previously and currently cads decreases current legal limits significantly.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Although the industry is endeavouring to dispense with substances containing solvents, solvents are neccessary for the manufacture of shoes in the form of adhesive and finish, which evaporate slowly during the transportation and by usage.
Inter alia substances such as acetophenone and 2-phenyl-2-propanol can be formed in the case of incorrect process control for the production of ethylene vinyl acetate materials (EVA). Both substances are classified as harmfull and have a strong Odour. In addition 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is supposed to have an allergenic potential.
cads limits for VOCs are based on the concentrations reachable with the best available technologies.
Chlorinated benzenes and toluenes
Chlorinated benzenes and toluenes are chlorinated aromatic compounds. In addition to the adverse health effects of these compounds they are also questionable from an environmental toxicological point of view. Mainly the chlorinated benzenes and toluenes are used as tools / solvents in the dyeing of synthetic fibers. Some of these compounds are used as biocides. According to today's state of the art these tools can be replaced by safer alternatives.
cads regulates the use of these compounds from its own commitment to protect workers, consumers and the environment.
Flame Retardants
Flame Retardants are used to make easily flammable materials like plastics or synthetic textiles, for example, more resistant for applications under higher temperatures, flying sparks or open flame. Flame retardants represent a large group of chemicals; there are halogenated organic flame retardants, non-halogenated organic flame retardants and inorganic flame retardants. Their function is also extremely varied – thus, flame retardants are often used as plasticizers as well. Some flame retardants persist for a long time, i.e. they can accumulate permanently in the environment, which is why their use has been restricted.


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You must know that a hemisphere is a half of a sphere. Below are the formulas to find the curved surface area of a hemisphere (without the base circle area) and the total surface area of a hemisphere (with the base circle area).
Curved Surface Area of Hemisphere:
You must know that the surface area of a sphere is 4πr². A hemisphere is half of a sphere, this must mean that the curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2 divide by the surface area of a sphere. That is; 4πr²/2 which gives the following expression.
Total Surface Area of Hemisphere
If you're to take into consideration the base circle below the curve meaning the total surface area. The surface area would be a combination of the above area and the area of the circle. As simple as that!. The area of the circle is πr². This means the total surface area is 2πr² + πr². If we simplify this gives 3πr² as expressed below.
Remember there is a difference between the curved surface area and the total surface area. The total surface area includes the base circle below the hemisphere and the curve surface area does not, it's just the curve of the hemisphere.


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Classic World Cutting Fruit Puzzle
Teach your child about different types of fruit while putting this puzzle back together. They will love this chunky fruit set.
Your child will learn to name and identify the fruit, as they remove and match them back to the images on the board. Puzzles help build children's hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills, while also encouraging problem solving and discovery.
This puzzle even includes a knife allowing your child to safely practice the motions of cutting fruit themselves!
The fruit shapes included are apple, lemon, pear, orange, kiwifruit, strawberry, pineapple, peach and watermelon!
Size: 32 x 32 x 5 cm


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Water: Community-Based Water Resiliency
Pilot Lessons Learned and Recommendations
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Community-Based Water Resiliency (CBWR) initiative to increase overall community preparedness by raising awareness of Water Sector Interdependencies and enhance integration of the Water Sector into community emergency preparedness and response efforts.
To that end, EPA has supported several water emergency community meetings to discuss specific water challenges of the community and help enhance the preparedness and resiliency in the face of water service interruptions. These meetings highlighted lessons learned during past emergency responses and provided recommendations to improve resiliency.
St. Clair County Water Resiliency Roundtable Summary (PDF) (15 pp, 351K, About PDF)
EPA 817-S-13-001, April 2013
Please click on the tabs below to learn more about their lessons learned and recommendations.
- Response Plans
- Emergency Communications
- Alternative Supply Planning
- Continuity of Operations
Water Sector Interdependencies
- Many critical community services and businesses rely on drinking water and wastewater services to operate. An interruption to water service would likely limit or halt these services.
- Many organizations do not plan for a loss of water service, because drinking water and wastewater services have been reliable.
- Water utilities also rely on other critical infrastructures, such as transportation and electricity. Damage to these infrastructures can impact the delivery of drinking water and wastewater services.
Emergency Response Plans
An Emergency Response Plan is a document that describes the actions that you would take in response to various emergency incidents (e.g., flood, contamination, vandalism).
- Many emergency response plans do not address an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services.
- Water utilities are not often included in community-wide emergency response exercises.
- Ensure emergency response plans address an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services. See the Preparedness Planning section of our Emergency Response page for on developing or updating your emergency response plan.
- Exercise your emergency response plans! Take advantage our Tabletop Exercise Tool for Water Systems: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Climate Resiliency to assist utilities in exercising their emergency response plans.
- Engage decision makers in water sector and critical infrastructure preparedness planning process by participating in Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs)
- The flow of communications between responders and the public can drastically impact the success of an emergency response.
- Roles and responsibilities during an emergency are often unclear.
- Landline and cellular phone service may not be reliable during an emergency.
- Ensure that all contact lists are kept up to date. Use these contact lists during exercises and update accordingly.
- Host a community-wide meeting on water emergencies to build relationships in advance of an emergency. The Water Resiliency Action Plan (WRAP) Kit, part of the CBWR Tool, provides a step-by-step process for planning and conducting a meeting.
- Ensure all emergency preparedness entities have a Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) Card to ensure completion of their phone calls when normal calling methods are unsuccessful, during period of severe network congestion. Utilize the GETS Web site to determine eligibility and get the card.
- Message mapping can help your organization prepare for crisis communications in advance of an emergency. Read the Effective Risk and Crisis Communication during Water Sector Emergencies (PDF) (72 pp, 1MB, About PDF) Summary Report for more information.
- Ensure that all response partners are properly training in the Incident Command System/National Incident Management System (ICS/NIMS) Framework.
Alternative Supply Planning
- Alternative water supplies can provide potable water during an emergency for community drinking water needs and for the maintenance of critical services.
- Many businesses and organizations in a community often rely on the same distributor for bottled water.
- Interconnections with other utilities are often not tested or exercised regularly.
- Without an alternative water supply, facilities may be forced to shut down. Hospitals may have to relocate patients.
- Obtain additional information on alternative water supplies during an emergency from the Planning for an Emergency Drinking Water Supply (PDF) (51 pp, 811K, About PDF).
- Conduct water audits to identify water usage and critical needs during an emergency.
To learn about conducting a water audit at your facility, read the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention document, Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities (PDF) (95 pp, 2MB, About PDF).
- Identify, test, and exercise interconnections between local water systems.
Continuity of Operations
- Continuity of operations planning (COOP) ensures that essential functions can continue during an emergency.
- Many businesses are not prepared for an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services for more than three days.
- Businesses may be forced to shut down or relocate if water service is not restored quickly.
- Hospitals may have to shut down and patients relocated to alternate healthcare facilities.
- Cross-train employees to handle multiple responsibilities.


comparing 5 traces to a single "base" trace. The method of comparison was to modify the contents of each 0x10 byte block in the header in the range of wrapped_thing and signature in turn, then mux the resulting trace with the base trace. This allows easy experimentation with baudline. As shown, baudline is actually performing subtraction between "channels" to produce the useful output.
This immediately gives good information about what a block looks like in the spectrogram, the time taken to process it, the fact that modifications to a single block don't have much influence on successive blocks, and most importantly, that we can feed arbitrary input into some decryption step. This implies the signature check of the header is done after decryption of wrapped_thing.
Digging into the crypto
While the above seems to bode well, there's actually a snag. It appears the bootrom uses wrapped_thing as input to a block cipher and then signature checks the header. So it seems possible to recover the key used with wrapped_thing, however it's not clear if this will give us all information needed to decrypt the ipl body. Additionally, the header is signature checked, so we can't use an improper key to decrypt an otherwise valid body, then have EMC jump into garbage and hope for the best.
In any case, I decided to try for recovery of the key used with wrapped_thing and hope I'd be able to figure out how to turn that into decryption of the body.
Baby's first DPA
Before attempting key recovery, one must first locate the exact locations in power traces which can be used to identify the cipher and extract information about the key. Starting from not much info (just know it's a 0x10 byte block cipher), we can guess it's probably AES and try to see if it makes sense. The method to do this is essentially the same as Differential Power Analysis: identify the probable location of the first sbox lookup, take a bunch of traces with varying input, then apply sum of absolute differences to determine if the acquired traces "look like" AES.
Fortunately, this process yielded very straightforward results:
(Sorry, you'll probably need to open the images at full resolution to inspect them) ^ High level view of a complete block being passed through the cipher. If you squint you may be able to discern 10 rounds. The top is a singular raw trace, while the bottom group plots the sum of differences between all traces. ^ Closer view of the sum of differences.
The above already makes it very likely to be AES. However, there is an additional check which may be done, which allows determining if the operation is encryption or decryption: ^ The same sum of differences, but making it obvious when, exactly, each bit position (of the input data) is used by the cipher. This can be easily correlated to most AES software implementations. For example, mbedtls:
_TAG_ AES_RROUND(X0,X1,X2,X3,Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3) \
{ \
 X0 = *RK++ ^ AES_RT0( ( Y0 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT1( ( Y3 >> 8 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT2( ( Y2 >> 16 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT3( ( Y1 >> 24 ) & 0xFF ); \
//...
// in mbedtls_internal_aes_decrypt(...)
GET_UINT32_LE( X0, input, 0 ); X0 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X1, input, 4 ); X1 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X2, input, 8 ); X2 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X3, input, 12 ); X3 ^= *RK++;
for (i = (ctx->nr >> 1) - 1; i > 0; i--) {
 AES_RROUND(Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, X0, X1, X2, X3);
With some squinting, it can be seen that the byte accesses generated by this first sbox lookup for decryption (and not encryption) matches the above plot.
Recovering the key encryption key
With the cipher used to process wrapped_thing more or less determined, we can switch to Correlation Power Analysis and attempt key recovery using only the section of traces which concern the first sbox lookup.
Much time passes. Much confusion about how to filter traces ensues.
Eventually, after tweaking the CPA method a bit and applying some filtering to ignore noise, the key recovery was successful! The correlation needed to be changed to use AES T-tables (the logic for which is actually described in the original AES proposal) instead of the standard inverted sbox approach.
The hypothesized key was determined to be correct by running it though possible key derivation schemes which the bootrom would use, and then attempting to decrypt the first few blocks of the ipl body with the result. The winning combination was:
# process blocks previously named wrapped_thing and signature
# emc_header_key is the value recovered with CPA
def emc_decrypt_header(hdr):
 return hdr[:0x30] + aes128_cbc_iv_zero_decrypt(emc_header_key, hdr[0x30:0x80])
hdr = emc_decrypt_header(
body_aes_key = hdr[0x30:0x40]
body_len = struct.unpack('


Difference Between Virtue Ethics And Care Ethics
1967 Words 8 Pages
Virtue Ethics (Individualism) and Care Ethics (Collectivism)
Virtue ethics or Individualism is having the excellence of moral; righteousness, responsibility, and other exemplary qualities. Care ethics, or feminist theory, states that women and men have different ethical practices. However, no one person, man or woman, is better or superior to another. Individualism is inner power and strength, whereas collectivism is societal assistance for improvement or advancement. Discuss Aristotle's Nicomachean ethics. Named after his son, Aristotle states that the aim of all human beings is to "…reason well for a whole or complete life" (Morality and religion, 2012). According to Aristotle, all humans are to show characteristics of being good
…show more content…
The Golden Mean is to be in the middle of two extremes. This can be the middle between good and evil, as we are all neither purely good or evil; intelligent and ignorant, as we all should strive for knowledge, not ignorance. Due to the fact that having an excess or deficiency of something is apparently not the way to life, according to Aristotle, we should accept that no person is all knowledgeable, nor all ignorant. We all have a level of intelligence, and therefore, we cannot be completely dumb in one aspect of life or another. Discuss Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation. To the Chinese, de, or virtue, is that which resides within a person that is favorable to a person or spirit. Those who possess virtue, are people who have a "…positive, dramatic, and powerful effect upon others…" (Thiroux and Krasemann et al, Pg. 63, para. 4). Not only are people to be positive in the face of glory or tribulation, we are to have the power to assist others in being positive for the wellness of …show more content…
I have no control other than to tell my lungs not to breathe. If I do not breathe, I die. I work to pay bills; therefore, I have no control over my life. However, I can choose where to work and for what amount of money is agreed upon where I can hopefully have more money to use on more than just bills. I go to every class to make the best grades possible. Alas, it is still very possible to earn a poor grade even while attending all class meetings. I need to present all assigned work along with attending classes to make the best grade I can. Therefore, I can say I did my best. I cannot do badly because it is not in my moral ethics to do so. I am a free will determinist. I see my free will when I arrive early to school and make the extra efforts to make higher
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text:
Attention parents: If your kids have an interest in coding, these robots might be exactly what they need to take their coding skills to the next level (even if that level is beginner).
UBTECH, a company that makes consumer robotics, offers a whole bunch of Jimu Robot kits designed for kids 8 and up (which technically means they're for adults too). Your kids can learn to use Blockly coding to program their robots to navigate obstacles, carry objects, create color effects, create emotions, and more.
The Jimu app provides 3D/360 degree step-by-step instructions on how to build and code each robot. For the younger kids, parental supervision might be necessary, as the kits can be challenging for beginners.
Choose from the BuilderBots Series: Overdrive Kit, AstroBot Series: Cosmos Kit, Explorer Kit, Mythical Series: UnicornBot Kit, and the Meebot Kit, among others.


text:
Governors general began travelling internationally in 1927, when Lord Willingdon was invited by President Calvin Coolidge to visit the United States. The first full State visit occurred 10 years later, in 1937, when John Buchan, the Lord Tweedsmuir, was received at the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, where he addressed the United States Senate.
In 1948, Viscount Alexander made the first Canadian State visit to Latin America when he visited Brazil. After visiting a number of Caribbean countries in 1969, Roland Michener travelled outside of the Americas. He was the first Governor General of Canada to be received on State visits to Europe, specifically the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, in 1971.


text:
Jammu Holiday Weather Overview
Jammu, the northernmost part of India, experiences a subtropical climate that features two major seasons, a very hot summer and a chilly winter. During the summer months, temperature in Jammu climbs to high thirties as June the hottest month of the year experiences around 45°C of average high. Although the season gets a great level of rainfall, it hardly helps reduce the heat. On the other hand, winter remains chilly for the visitors. Temperature often drops to 4°C while the high may fluctuates between 14-18°C. Snowfall is very much common during the winter months.
Jammu, the northernmost part of India, enjoys a subtropical climate with two major seasons, a mild hot summer and a very cold winter.
During the summer months, from May till September, the average high temperature in Jammu climbs to high twenties while the low temperature fluctuates between 15°C and 20°C. June is considered as the hottest month of the year when Jammu experiences more than 34°C of average high. Moreover, the season gets abundant of rainfall that often helps reduce the heat. However, as the season progresses towards the next season temperature in Jammu drops gradually.
Winter, on the other hand, remains chilly for the people with the average low of 7°C. During this period, September till March, the average high temperature fluctuates between14°C and18°C. January, the coldest month of the year, gets not more than 4°C of average low while the high stands at 10°C to 8°C. Snowfall is a common feature of the winter months. People from all over the world prefer the season to visit this stunning region of India to the summer months.


How can I allow a student to take unlimited classes?
If you have the need to allow a specific set of students to take unlimited classes, you can configure a tuition option to allow for this. You need to create a new person tag called "Unlimited Classes", affiliate the tag with the students that receive free tuition, and set the tuition to zero for students that have the "Unlimited Classes" tag.
Here are the steps to accomplish unlimited classes:
 1. Log into Studioware and click on Administration | Person Tags
 2. Click on "Add Person Tag" in the toolbar, and enter "Unlimited Classes". You can name the new tag any value you wish, such as "Free Classes", or "No tuition"
 3. Search for the students that will have "Unlimited Classes" tag. Edit the student record, and select the tag you created in step 2. For example, here is a student with the new tag:
 4. Create new tuition for each class. Set the tuition amount as "No Tuition for this class", and make sure you have Student and the new tag from step 2 selected. For example, here is a new tuition item for free tuition:
 5. When the student Drew Boeing enrolls in the class that has the tuition specified above, there will be no tuition applied to the student's financial account.
Add Feedback


Vacuumed meanings in Urdu
Vacuumed meanings in Urdu is خلا Vacuumed in Urdu. More meanings of vacuumed, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
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What are the meanings of Vacuumed in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Vacuumed in Urdu is خلا - khula. To understand how would you translate the word Vacuumed in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Vacuumed or it's Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Vacuumed synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Vacuumed. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Vacuumed in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by vacuumed?
Meaning of vacuumed is خلا - khula
Whats the definition of vacuumed?
Definition of the vacuumed are
What is the synonym of vacuumed?
Synonym of word vacuumed are gap, vacuum, vacuolation, vacancy, uncoupled, hollow, chasm, vacuolisation, ether, vacuity
What are the idioms related to vacuumed?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word vacuumed.
 - Nature abhors a vacuum


text:
Accessing the file system and modifying files with Xill is usually pretty easy and straightforward. Every function is included in the File package.
Moving files aroundSimple modifications of the file structure can be done with the following functions:
They all need one or two full or relative paths as parameters. Moving can be done with a copy and delete. File.delete() works on files as well as folders.
There are several options to gather information about files and folders. They only need the path of the folder/file as parameter:
- File.getSize(path); returns filesize in bytes
- File.iterateFiles(path); returns an iterable with all complete paths of the files in that folder.
- File.iterateFolders(path); returns an iterable with all complete paths of the folders in that folder.
Notes about iterateFiles() and iterateFolders()
These functions can be given an extra boolean parameter (the default is false), which makes the function return every descendant instead of only the direct children. And, for performance reasons, the return type is not a list but an iterable. This means that the resulting items will only be actually loaded in a foreach() loop. For more information about these variables, check the variable types or the collections tutorial.
Opening and saving files
The general functions for this are:
- File.getText(path); returns the text from a text document
- File.save(path); saves a string to the specified path.
- File.appendTo(path,content); appends the string value of 'content' to the file at specified path. creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
Running a file
It's also possible to execute a program from a robot with System.exec(arguments,directory); Example:
use System; var temp_path = "D:/temp"; var result = System.exec(["cmd.exe", "/C", "mkdir batchtest_temp"],temp_path); System.print(result);
This calls a command prompt at the location 'temp_path' and executes the command to create a directory. Any commandline program can be used from a robot this way, to extend the functionality of Xill endlessly.
Other file system usage
There are more functions communicating with the file system, like Excel.loadWorkbook() and Web.download(). These should all be addressed in tutorials specifically about the relevant subjects. File.extractText is also in the File package, and worth trying, but not core functionality in communicating with the file system.
If you missed anything, please click 'no' below and create a ticket. We'll get back to you quickly.


Will Brexit affect UK's approach to tackling financial crime?
20 Jun 2016 12:00 am by Mark Dunn
The vote on whether the UK should remain in the European Union is just days away (June 23), and the latest polls suggest the result is too close to call. Leaders in every sector are now being forced to consider the possible impacts of a Brexit on their field, and financial crime and compliance is no exception. But given the highly politicised nature of the debate, it can be too easy to lose sight of the evidence. So this article will explore how a Brexit might affect the UK's ability to detect and combat financial crime: anti-money laundering (AML), anti-bribery and corruption (ABC) and sanctions.
Anti-Money Laundering
The EU Fourth Money Laundering Directive (4MLD) is due to come into force in June 2017. This might lead to worries that a post-Brexit UK would not be part of this attempt to make it more difficult for people to launder ill-gotten gains through banks and other regulated entities. The directive puts further scrutiny on the risk based approach, particularly around situations where simplified due diligence may be applied and requires regulated entities to find out more about the money they hold.
But the 4MLD stems from the latest recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an inter-governmental body that develops and promotes policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The UK, most EU member states and even the EU Commission are members of the FATF and therefore bound by its AML rules. So the UK would still need to abide by the FATF's requirements regardless of whether it is 'In' or 'Out'.
In fact, the UK has often been ahead of the European curve on AML legislation. In many cases it has 'gold plated' the EU legislation, for example it has adopted an 'all crimes approach' to AML regulation, so there is no de minimis level of predicate offence below which offences need not be reported.
The UK already has its measures in place to increase transparency of beneficial ownership of companies. The London Anti-Corruption Summit in May 2016 showed Britain's willingness to not only lead the way in setting up a public register of beneficial ownership, but also to encourage other countries to create their own registers. EU members France and the Netherlands have committed to setting up registers of their own. Now, any foreign company that wants to buy property in the UK or bid for government contracts will be required to publicly disclose their ultimate beneficial owner. Patrick Moulette, who heads the Anti-Corruption Division at the OECD, called this "a significant step in the right direction". It seems the UK has the legislation and the political will to combat money laundering, whether or not the country sits within the EU.
Anti-Bribery and Corruption
The EU is committed to facilitating information-sharing between its member states. If Britain were to leave the EU, some are worried that it would no longer receive information about suspected bribery and corruption from across the EU, which would make it harder for the UK authorities to detect and take enforcement action against corruption. As Andrew Simms of the think tank New Weather Institute wrote in the Financial Times in January 2016, solutions to financial crime "require international collective action, which a Brexit from the EU would seriously undermine".
But it is unclear what the EU would have to gain from excluding the UK from this information-sharing process, since European countries also benefit from the UK's willingness to provide information. There is already precedent for the UK to share information with other non-EU countries. Regulators in the US, UK and Australia are among those working together to investigate companies and individuals implicated in allegations of bribery by Unaoil to secure billions of dollars of government contracts in the Middle East and Africa. Moreover, at the London Anti-Corruption Summit in May 2016, the UK announced that it will host a new International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre in London to work with enforcement agencies in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland on cross-border investigations. The global trend in enforcement is towards countries sharing information with each other, not hiding it.
The UK also has one of the strictest anti-bribery laws in the world: the Bribery Act of 2010. The Act stemmed from the OECD's anti-corruption convention in 1997 and would be unaffected if the UK was no longer subject to EU law. The NGO Transparency International describes the Act as "among the strictest legislation internationally on bribery", so it seems unlikely that Britain outside the EU would be seen as a softer touch on bribery and corruption.
Sanctions and Politically Exposed Persons
The most obvious area in which Brexit could affect financial crime is that the UK and Europe could develop quite different strategies for export and sanctions controls. Although different countries often work together to impose sanctions against doing business with companies operating in a particular country, the conditions of these sanctions can be very different. Recently, the EU eased its sanctions against Iran, while the US' sanctions remain more restrictive. This has meant EU business have begun to deepen their relationships with companies in Iran while the country remains off limits for most US businesses.
UK policymakers have in the past made exemptions for politically exposed persons. For example, the Financial Services Bill excludes domestic PEPs such as MPs from money laundering enhanced due diligence checks. This hints at a divergence from EU policy, since this is against the provisions in the Fourth EU Directive which will require a more comprehensive definition of 'prominent public person'. This divergence could be magnified if the UK were to no longer be subject to EU law.
But there is no evidence that the UK and the EU would adopt drastically different approaches to sanctions against PEPs. Moreover, much of the policy on sanctions comes from UN resolutions which would still bind the UK regardless of its European status.
Terrorist financing
The UK's laws on the financing of terrorism fall under United Nations (UN) Security Council resolutions. The UK is signed up to other international conventions which pertain to terrorism, including the Vienna Convention, the Palermo Convention, the UN Convention against Corruption and the UN Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, so UK law is bound by these requirements. The UN is not the only inter-governmental organisation with a strong commitment to identifying money which funds terrorism. The FATF also develops policies in this area, which bind the UK and most EU member states equally regardless of the UK's relationship with Europe.
If the UK repealed the European Communities Act of 1972, new laws would need to be passed to fill any legislative gaps that have opened up. This might lead some people to worry that there is a period in which the UK is legislatively paralysed and unable to take action in some areas. But under UK law, where there are terrorist concerns the authorities can designate financial sanctions targets and apply export and other controls to goods of any description. So there should not be any window in which the UK has less power to act on suspected inflow and outflow of money related to terrorism.
An uncertain future
With the upcoming referendum so keenly contested by rival politicians, it can be difficult to work out what would be the actual impact of Brexit on the UK's ability to combat financial crime. Moreover, many details of how a 'Brexit' would look in practice will only become clear if the country does vote to leave.
But although there are specific EU policies against financial crime, these usually fall under or follow on from inter-governmental policies, for example from the UN, the FATF and the OECD. These inter-governmental policies would continue to apply to the UK, whether or not it is in the EU. The UK also has its own legislation in place against financial crime, and this is often ahead of the European curve. David Cameron positioned the UK as leaders in the fight against financial crime by organising the London Anti-Corruption Summit in May 2016.
Commenting on the outcome of the polls on 23rd June, Professor Dan Hough, Director of Sussex University's Anti-Corruption Centre, "As with most things to do with the Brexit debate, the impact of a 'Leave' vote in these areas is clouded in uncertainty. On the one hand EU institutions (of all sorts) provide useful fora for unofficial collaboration and co-ordination. UK representatives can and do discuss a range of 'off agenda' items with EU colleagues, but if the UK leaves the EU it will inevitably limit opportunities for doing this.
However, there is no reason to believe that security forces in particular won't continue to work together in the same way that they have in the past. Many of the links there are bi-lateral and thematic, and there is a case to be made that these relationships will simply carry on as normal no matter what the Brexit vote".
We will only know for certain the effect of Brexit on the UK's ability to tackle financial crime if the country votes 'Out' on June 23. But it seems unlikely that it would have a significant effect on the UK's ability to combat financial crime.
For a summary of this information, check out the Brexit: So What? infographic here:
Brexit Anti-Money Laundering Infographic
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ps 3 ways you can apply this information right now to…


Kids' Choice Awards Quizzes | Ashley Judd Quiz: Judd-ge how well you know Ashley!
Can you earn your wings in this KCA trivia quiz? Test your knowledge on Ashley Judd and her movie "The Tooth Fairy!"
Tags: trivia2011 KCA
 - What is the name of Ashley Judd's character in "The Tooth Fairy?"
 - What is Ashley's nickname?
 - Ashley is fluent in what language?
 - When Ashley is stressed out from her busy acting career, what does she do to relax?
 - What was Ashley's birth name?
 - Ashley's mother and sister are both what?
 - What are the names of Ashley's on-screen children in the movie, The Tooth Fairy?
 - What scene in The Tooth Fairy is Ashley's favorite?
 - How tall is Ashley?
 - Ashley has a dog named _____ and a cat named______?
Nick Wheels & Automobiles
Defend Your Kingdom!


text:
The Determinants of Environmental Awareness and Behavior
AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of environmental values across countries. Its purpose is to put the role of economic affluence into perspective by challenging the conventional wisdom that states that the level of economic affluence influences the level of environmental concern expressed by the population. While this paper does not question the fact that large scale environmental defensive activities are likely to be influenced by the level of income in a country, it is hypothesized that environmental awareness and individual involvement in environmental protection need not be a function of the level of economic affluence. To test this hypothesis, three variables are created-Positive Environmental Attitudes, Willingness to Pay to Protect the Environment, and Human-Environment Relationship-using data from the World Values Survey (_PHONE_). The variables are regressed against a set of economic, demographic, political, psychological and education variables. The results show that economic affluence has, at best, a marginal direct influence on environmental awareness and no direct impact on environmental behavior. The paper demonstrates that the degree of urbanization, the level of subjective well-being and the level of income equality have direct effects on awareness, while education, population pressure and happiness are significantly correlated with environmental behavior.
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Economics in its series Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics with number 0501.
Date of creation: Jan 2005
Date of revision:
Find related papers by JEL classification:
- Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
- Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
- O50 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - General
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2005-02-01 (All new papers)
- NEP-ENV-2005-02-01 (Environmental Economics)
- NEP-POL-2005-02-01 (Positive Political Economics)
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Deepak Lal, 2001. "Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Factor Endowments, Culture, and Politics on Long-Run Economic Performance," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number _PHONE_.
- Martinez-Alier, J., 1995. "The environment as a luxury good or "too poor to be green"?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, April.
- Panayotou T, 1993. "Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development," ILO Working Papers 292778, International Labour Organization.
- Welsch, Heinz, 2002. "Preferences over Prosperity and Pollution: Environmental Valuation Based on Happiness Surveys," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 473-94.
- Magnani, Elisabetta, 2000. "The Environmental Kuznets Curve, environmental protection policy and income distribution," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 431-443, March.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (John Heim).
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Cave-Myth Busters: Was There Really a 'Gay Caveman' After All?
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The alleged "gay caveman" that archaeologists recently discovered may not be quite what it seems, say other researchers. (via LiveScience)
When archaeologists uncovered the remains near Prague, the man was buried in a position used to bury females, which led the researchers to say they had discovered an ancient homosexual man. But some reports now indicate that the evidence is not conclusive and that nuances of the discovery extend beyond sexual preferences.
(More on See pictures of archaeology in Jerusalem)
LiveScience reports that Kamila Remisova Vesinova, the archaeologist who headed the discovery, told reporters the man may have belonged to a "third gender," meaning that he could have been transsexual and switched between genders. Many archaeologists speculate that the case has been oversimplified in the craze surrounding the potential discovery of a "gay caveman." The third gender concept is a complex one, and researchers say the case should be studied carefully before conclusions are formed. In fact, there's not even conclusive evidence that the remains in question belonged to a transsexual because traditionally third genders had their own unique burial customs.
Moreover, the remains did not really belong to a "caveman." John Hawks, a paleoanthropologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, told LiveScience the use of the word "caveman" does not accurately date the remains and that they actually belong to the "pre-Bronze Age." Just goes to show that if NewsFeed really wanted to see a gay caveman, we could just misinterpret Fred and Barney's bromance on The Flintstones.
(More on Should you eat like a caveman?)
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text:
step 1. Firstly you must create virtualhost directory at other that you want.
such as /home/redcrow/workspace/atstand
step 2. Go to /etc/ then edit file name's hosts
(add ip address and hostname that you want) such as
i'am add ip address 127.0.0.1(reference own computer) and host name's atstand.dear.dev(URL website)
step 3. Go to /etc/apache2/site-available/
and copy file name's default and paste
then rename file that you want(but extension must as.conf)
such as atstand.dear.dev.conf
edit it following
ServerAdmin is contact email of administrator
ServerName is hostname or URL that you want.
ServerAlias is second name of URL
DocumentRoot is virtualhost directory that you create in step 1.
step 4. at /etc/apache2/site-available/
type the following command for enable virtualhost
you will see atstand.dear.dev.conf into /etc/apache2/site-enable
step 5. restart web server(apache2) by use following command
$sudo service apache2 restart
step 6. testing
open firefox then put URL(atstand.dear.dev)
you will see result(i use php frameworks name's yii framework)


text:
Written evidence submitted to the National Plan for Sport and Recreation Committee
Lords Select Committee Inquiry: A National Plan for Sport and Recreation
Submitted by Professor Anna L Cox (University College London) on behalf of the GetAMoveOn Network+ on 28th January 2021
The GetAMoveOn Network+ is an interdisciplinary network of researchers and practitioners, led by Professor Anna Cox (UCL) funded by an EPSRC grant (EP/N027299/1). Our aim is to enhance understanding of how digital technologies and technology-based interventions can help people to lead more active lives. As a 'Network Plus' part of our role is to fund other research groups to carry out research that furthers our aims. The findings of some of the research we have funded are particularly relevant to the Committee's desire to understand how adults of all ages and background can be encouraged to lead more active lifestyles, and provide examples of success stories and good practice. We therefore responded to Question 3 in the Committee's Call for Written Evidence: How can adults of all ages and backgrounds, particularly those from under-represented groups, including women and girls, ethnic minorities, disabled people, older people, and those from less affluent backgrounds, be encouraged to lead more active lifestyles? If possible, share examples of success stories and good practice, and challenges faced.
Parliamentary evidence December 2020
Written evidence submitted in collaboration with the eWorklife team, to the UK Parliament Lords' Select Committee COVID-19 Committee Inquiry, "Living online: the long-term impact on wellbeing".
Submitted by the eWorklife research group: Professor Anna L Cox a, Dr Sandy JJ Gould b, Dr Marta Cecchinato c, Dr Joseph Newbold c, Dr Anna Rudnicka a, and David Cook a to the House of Lords COVID-19 Committee Inquiry: Living online: The long-term impact on wellbeing
a University College London
b University of Birmingham
c Northumbria University
Between 20th April 2020 and 24th September 2020, we surveyed 426 individuals who started working from home as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. We also conducted 25 follow-up interviews. This helped us achieve an in-depth understanding of the challenges that new home workers are experiencing, and the impact that this has on workers' wellbeing.
We found that working from home differs from working in the office in many respects that have the potential to affect workers' physical and mental health. The issues arising are unlikely to be solved solely on the part of the workers and require urgent attention and support from employers and policymakers. Therefore, we are responding to the Committee's call for evidence and responding to questions outlined in the 'Work' section in the Terms of Reference.
Written evidence to UK Parliament: The Impact of Coronavirus on Business and Workers
Submitted to the UK Parliamentary Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, in response to the evidence call, "The impact of coronavirus on businesses and workers" August 2020.
Written evidence submitted in collaboration with the eWorklife team, addressing the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on people's wellbeing, including physical activity.
The lockdown instituted as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic forced many people in the UK to work from home (remotely). Adapting to remote work and developing effective remote work habits takes time; however, many people had to shift from offices to homes abruptly. Our research shows that these neophyte remote workers experience many challenges.
It is likely that as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic many workers will not return to offices in the foreseeable future and will continue working remotely whilst others will alternate between office and home. In light of this, employers and policymakers need to provide the right support for these workers to protect their wellbeing and productivity and avoid potential ill health or burnout.
Policy briefing: Enabling Better Health for All
The government's green paper published in July 2019 Advancing our Health: prevention in the 2020s sets out the government's strategy for putting health prevention and digitally-enabled services at the heart of healthcare. This is our response. In this briefing document Enabling better health for all: the role for digital technologies to help people move more and stay healthier for longer we:
- Outline the central role played by physical activity in primary prevention of a wide range of chronic health conditions and as a tool for achieving the government's objective of 'better health for all'.
- Demonstrate some of the ways in which technology can successfully support physical activity.
- Identify the features and characteristics that make interventions effective and provide guidance for commissioners, service providers, clinicians and social prescribing link-workers.


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Mediatized Populisms| Digital Populism: Trolls and Political Polarization of Twitter in Turkey
This article analyzes political trolling in Turkey through the lens of mediated populism. Twitter trolling in Turkey has diverged from its original uses (i.e., poking fun, flaming, etc.) toward government-led polarization and right-wing populism. Failing to develop an effective strategy to mobilize online masses, Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (JDP/AKP) relied on the polarizing performances of a large progovernment troll army. Trolls deploy three features of JDP's populism: serving the people, fetish of the will of the people, and demonization. Whereas trolls traditionally target and mock institutions, Turkey's political trolls act on behalf of the establishment. They produce a digital culture of lynching and censorship. Trolls' language also impacts pro-JDP journalists who act like trolls and attack journalists, academics, and artists critical of the government.


Significant Changes to Approved Protocols
Changes to Approved Animal Use Protocols
Approved on October 16, 2014 (Download)
Background: Federal regulations require review and approval by the IACUC of Significant Changes in any activity involving the use of vertebrate animals; federal regulations also require administrative review and handling of some other changes that are not considered significant. On August 26, 2014 the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare at NIH released new guidance regarding changes to animal activities, specifically addressing how Significant Changes and Other Changes are defined, reviewed and approved. The newly revised UW Policy on Significant Changes, as well as other changes to animal use protocols, is described below, and brings the University of Washington into alignment with the new guidance. We recommend that you contact the Office of Animal Welfare (OAW) to inquire if there is any question about whether a requested modification to a protocol constitutes a Significant Change.
Principal investigators are responsible for ensuring that members of their staff who work with animals are familiar with all relevant procedures and details specified in the protocols.
In addition, supervision of work performed on animals must be adequate to ensure that approved protocols are being followed and that Significant Changes are not implemented prior to approval.
Policy: This policy defines three categories of 'Significant Changes' and outlines the procedures used to review and approve such changes. This policy also identifies some changes that are not significant, and describes the procedures for handling these. Based on current guidance there are 3 defined ways of approving a Significant Change to an animal use protocol depending on the nature of the Significant Change (Sections A, B, C). Some changes are not significant but still require administrative approval (Section D). Some changes are not significant and do not require administrative approval (Section E). Each change will be assessed on a case by case basis, using the criteria below, to determine the appropriate category for approval.
A. A Significant Change that must be reviewed and approved using the standard approval methods described in the PHS Policy IV.C.2.—i.e. full committee review or designated member review—includes any proposed modification of an IACUC-approved protocol that results in any of the following:
 1. changes in surgical procedures:
 - from not involving surgery to involving surgery;
 - from non-survival to survival surgery;
 - from minor surgery to major surgery;
 - from a single surgical procedure to multiple surgical procedures;
 2. changes resulting in greater pain, distress, or degree of invasiveness from what was either specified or presumed to occur when the protocol was originally reviewed;
 3. changes in euthanasia to a method not approved by the AVMA;
 4. changes in housing and or use of animals in a location that is not part of the animal program overseen by the IACUC;
 5. changes in species;
 6. changes in study objectives or overall aims;
 7. changes in Principal Investigator (PI);
 8. changes in animal numbers greater than specified in Section C below, or due to morbidity or mortality not described in the IACUC-approved protocol,or due to the addition of a new experiment or experimental group; and
 9. changes that impact personnel safety
B. A Significant Change that can be reviewed and approved by the University of Washington Attending Veterinarian, or designee, includes the following:
 1. changes in anesthesia, analgesia, sedation, or experimental substance that do not result in greater pain, distress, or degree of invasiveness;
 2. changes in euthanasia to any method approved in the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals; and
 3. changes in duration, frequency, type, or number of procedures performed on an animal that do not result in greater pain, distress, or degree of invasiveness.
The veterinarian reviewing and approving such changes will confirm that the requested change is in alignment with this policy and does not change any of the items listed in Section A, is in alignment with all relevant IACUC policies (e.g., Analgesia in Research Animals), conforms with sound professional judgment, and should not require training that cannot be provided to the investigative group at or before implementation of the change. Furthermore, the veterinarian, for any reason, may refer any Significant Change request to the IACUC for approval as described in Section A. The veterinarian and PI are responsible for ensuring that the approval is routed to the OAW for inclusion in the PI's animal use protocol.
C. A Significant Change in animal numbers can be reviewed and approved administratively by the OAW if:
 1. the animals are being requested to replace animals that could not be used (note that requests for additional animals for a new experiment that is not described in the approved protocol cannot be handled administratively); and
 2. the number of additional animals is not more than 10% of the number of animals initially approved, or not more than one animal, in the case of an experiment for which fewer than 10 animals were initially approved.
 If additional animals are needed due to unexpected morbidity or mortality associated with an IACUC-approved experiment, the adverse event(s) must be reported to the IACUC. In this case, an increase in animal numbers requires IACUC approval as described in Section A.
D. Changes that may be handled administratively by the OAW include:
 1. correction of typographical errors;
 2. correction of grammar;
 3. contact information updates;
 4. changes in personnel, other than the PI, if such personnel meet the UW training requirements and are enrolled in Occupational Health and Safety programs; and
 5. changes in rodent strain if the new strain has no increased morbidity or mortality, and the new strain will require no additional monitoring.
E. Investigators may use fewer animals than approved. This does not require IACUC or OAW approval, notification, consultation, or administrative handling.


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Integrating Visio 2007 with SQL Server Analysis Services
Previously discussed was how to integrate SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) with Excel 2007 in the article, Accessing Cubes from Excel 2007. Visio 2007 is another tool available in Office 2007 that can be used to connect to a SSAS database. There are two reasons why Visio is not an automatic choice to connect to SSAS:
- Visio is not a popular tool among business users. Unlike, Excel most business users don't have Vision installed on their computer.
- Another reason that Visio is not used as client tool for SSAS is widespread lack of knowledge about it. This article aims to help resolve this.
To visualise what can be done with SSAS and Visio, the following image shows how information can be presented in Visio based off a SSAS cube:
Configuring SSAS Connection to Visio
Configuring an SSAS connection to an SSAS cube is similar a connection from Excel except for the first screen. After creating a new Visio document, select Insert PivotDiagram from the Data in the Main menu and the screen shown below will be presented:
There is the option to create links to other sources such as Excel, Access and SQL Server. This article will concentrate on SQL Server Analysis Services (SASS).
After this screen, a tool bar and side bar appear as shown in the flowing images:
The next section will examine how these options can be used in detail.
Using SSAS Data
The PivotDiagram has three sections, Category, Total and Actions. Category is mapped to dimensions in SSAS – where all the dimension attributes and hierarchies are found. Total is mapped to the fact table measures. Actions are performed on the Pivot Diagram. In the Actions section, the Other Actions button gives additional options to customise output.
Once the options are understood, an example is used to show how to use them. For example, to analyse the sales amount with the Gender of the Customer.
Select the sales amount from the Add Total section. Next, select Customer:Gendar from the Add category section and the following output will given:
Perform further analysis by adding more categories. For example, to analyse the Female sales amount by occupations; select the F Box under the Gender and select Customer:English Occupation from the Add Category section and the output will be as shown below:
To analyse Gender M with some other category, selecting the other category.
In the Other Action button, the most important option is Edit Data Graphic as the other options are self explanatory.
The data fields can be controlled with the option to add new items, edit existing items, delete existing items and set the default positions.
Note that by default, the amount will have four decimal points and is lacking a comma separator. Reconfigure this by clicking Edit Item.
Configure the Format of the value, Label etc. For example, Value format #,0.00 will display the amount with two decimal points and a thousand separator. There are other parameters like border type and fill type to display, that can be used to format the dispaly.
Rather than adding fields from the side bar, use the New Item option in the dialog. The New item option has four sub-options shown below:
The first, Text, will simply add a column and display it in a text format. The Data bar will display data with some graphical presentation. As shown below, select the graphical representation needed by selecting the Call out option.
Set the minimum and maximum value according to that select indicator represents graphical value. Data can be presented in various formats and the figure below shows the available Data Bar formats.
The Icon Set allows display of values with given icons. For each callout there is five icons set that can define what to display. For each icon, rules can be set using different criterions from the available drop down. That drop down contains options like equals, does not equal, is greater than, is less than, is between and contains etc.
The image below shows available icon sets for selecting an icon set to match the data.
Colour by value gives an opportunity of colouring a Visio diagram. It is possible to set colours for particular values and for ranges of values. The image below shows how to set the colouring method for a range of values:
The issue with these options is that there is no option to set the colouring methods for one level.
Visio is a client tool that can be used to visualize cube data created using SSAS. This provides options for presenting data in an aesthetically pleasing manner.


The UniVec Database
UniVec is a database that can be used to quickly identify segments within nucleic acid sequences which may be of vector origin (vector contamination). Screening using UniVec is efficient because a large number of redundant subsequences have been eliminated to create a database that contains only one copy of every unique sequence segment from a large number of vectors.
In addition to vector sequences, UniVec also contains sequences for those adapters, linkers, and primers commonly used in the process of cloning cDNA or genomic DNA. This enables contamination with these oligonucleotide sequences to be found during the vector screen.
UniVec can be obtained from the NCBI FTP directory:
Eliminating the Redundancy from Vector Sequences
Many vectors have the same backbone or share common functional cassettes. Consequently, databases with the full sequence for each vector contain multiple copies of such elements. A single copy of each unique element is sufficient to allow that sequence to be recognized as vector contamination. The size of a database designed for screening can therefore be greatly reduced by eliminating the redundant copies of any sequence (see statistics for the current UniVec build).
The UniVec database is built by sequentially processing each input sequence. The input sequence is first compared to all the sequences already in the database. The location of any segment identical to database sequences is recorded. This information is used to extract only those segments of the input sequence that contain novel sequence. These novel elements are then added to the database. This cycle is repeated for each sequence that is to be represented in the finished database.
Benefits of a Non-Redundant Database for Screening
Elimination of redundant sequence segments reduces UniVec to less than 20% of the size of an equivalent database containing the full sequences for the same set of vectors. This has two major benefits for screening:
 - The computation time required to screen a query sequence is reduced significantly.
 - Analysis of the results is facilitated because redundant hits to multiple copies of the same sequence are largely eliminated.
Most vectors are circular, but their sequences are represented in linear form by opening the sequence at one particular location (the circular junction). Because programs such as BLAST are unable to extend a match across the end/beginning of the linear sequence, contamination with a segment of vector that spans the circular junction may be missed, or its full extent and strength may be underestimated. To circumvent this limitation, a copy of the first 49 bases of the sequence for a circular vector is appended to the end of the sequence before it is processed for addition to UniVec. This "pseudo-circularization" allows matches that span the circular junction to be identified correctly.
Vectors Represented in the UniVec Database
UniVec contains the unique segments, as well as a single copy of each of the shared segments, from all the vector, adapter, linker, and primer sequences that were used to build the database. The sequences used to build the current version of UniVec are listed in the current UniVec representation list.
Screening a query sequence against UniVec will result in the detection of significant contamination with any sequence from the current UniVec representation list. Contamination with vectors not on this list can also be detected if the vector is similar to one of the represented vectors, although in such cases the full extent of the contamination may not be reported.
UniVec will be periodically updated with additional vector sequences.
Send suggestions for additional sequences to include in UniVec to the NCBI Service Desk ( Please give a brief description of the vector or oligonucleotide, indicate where the sequence can be obtained, and provide references to a detailed description if available. Vectors and oligonucleotides that are commonly used for cloning and/or amplification will be given the highest priority for inclusion in future versions of UniVec.
Sources of the Sequences in UniVec
Most of the sequences in UniVec were derived from GenBank entries. In these cases, the parent sequence and annotation (when available) can be obtained from Entrez Nucleotide using the GenBank Accession number.version from the UniVec definition line.
The sequences for some commercial vectors, linkers, adapters, and primers that are not available in GenBank were obtained from company Web sites or product literature. UniVec entries derived from such non-GenBank sequences have a definition line containing an identifier of the form NGBxxxxx.x. The most up-to-date versions of these non-GenBank sequences, and in many cases annotations, can be obtained from the Web site of the company concerned.
Limitations of the UniVec Database
UniVec was built so that every unique sequence of 50 (or fewer) contiguous bases from the input sequences is represented in the database. Longer stretches of sequence are not necessarily represented as one contiguous piece in UniVec. This particular construction places certain limitations on the use of the database and on the interpretation of results from a search against the database.
Searches using UniVec will not indicate the identity of the vector having the strongest match to the query sequence. The full extent of the match to any individual vector will not be apparent because the sequence for most vectors in UniVec is not present as one contiguous piece. The most likely source(s) of vector contamination can be deduced from the cloning history of the sequenced DNA (more details are available in Interpretation of VecScreen Results). If it is necessary to identify the vector that has the best match to the query sequence, a BLAST search should be made using a database that contains a contiguous sequence for each vector, such as the artificial sequences subset of NCBI's nr/nt database.
UniVec should not be used for a search in which the criteria for a significant hit require an alignment of more than 50 bases.
Support Center
Last updated: 2016-07-15T12:17:08-04:00


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Environmental Conditions Can Influence Development of Dermo Disease in Oysters
A recent NCCOS-sponsored study by the Smithsonian Institution showed that long-term exposure to daily fluctuations of hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) increased Dermo disease (Perkinsus marinus) infection in previously uninfected eastern oysters. Surprisingly, daily-cycling pH (a measure of acidity) did not affect Dermo disease infection levels in conjunction with daily-cycling hypoxia or with continuous normal oxygen levels when compared to non-daily-cycling pH treatments. As it turns out, daily-cycling pH may actually improve the immune response of oysters. Counts of oyster immune system cells indicate that daily-cycling pH stimulates the oyster immune system. By contrast, daily-cycling hypoxia conditions suppressed immune function, supporting findings of higher disease infection under severe daily-cycling hypoxia.
These results suggest that coastal resource managers should consider daily-cycling environmental conditions in habitat restoration due to the possible population-level effects on organisms, including increasing disease. Climate change and estuarine eutrophication (nutrient loading that fuels overgrowth of algae) could potentially create such daily-cycling conditions that, if severe enough, could lead to an increased incidence of disease in estuarine organisms.
For more information, contact _EMAIL_.


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Leaving home to start your education in the United States is a major life change. The more you prepare for leaving, the easier your adjustment will be. However, CSM will provide you with any assistance you may need once you arrive.
When you first arrive in the U.S., you will need to have some essential items for your first few weeks. Here is what we suggest you bring:
- A small amount of cash in U.S. dollars to purchase items such as snacks, drinks, and transportation fare. When you arrive, we will give you information on how to open a bank account using cash, money orders, or travelers checks.
- A variety of clothing that will be comfortable during the day when it may be hot but also warm clothing for cold nights. San Mateo has an average high temperature of 77° Fahrenheit/25° Celsius from April—September, and 63°Fahrenheit/17° Celsius from October—March with over 160 sunny days.
- A few toiletries and personal hygiene items such as soap, contact lens solution, and deodorant for your first few days. Once you find out where you can purchase these items, you can buy more.
- A few items from home that will make you feel good when you are homesick. Some students bring photos, cultural items, and music or DVDs.
When moving to any new area you can expect a time of adjustment. Culture shock is defined as the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration. There tend to be four phases to culture shock. It is important to remember that even when you might be feeling lonely or frustrated that this will pass into another phase of your experience!
- Honeymoon: You're very excited about your new experience.
- Culture shock: You start to miss home and question why things are not like they are back home.
- Adjustment: You begin to feel better and start appreciating your new environment.
- Mastery: You appreciate your new home and may also excel in personal achievements.


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Foods, Nutrients and Calories
Gravels, Substances and Oils
CaribSea, Freshwater, Eco-Complete Cichlid, Gravel weighs 1 153.33 kg/m³ (72.00004 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.15333 relative to pure water. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindrical, quarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ]
Weights and Measurements
Electric current is a motion of electrically charged particles within conductors or space.


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The impact of leisure on personal development and subjective well-being makes it a critical issue in women's studies. Leisure time gives women the space in which they can experiment with different lifestyles, as well opportunities for identity development. However, strong gender divisions in leisure opportunities and involvement exist. The paper documents how young women's leisure is constrained by virtue of the female's role in Maltese society, including domestic responsibilities, the dual shift, time fragmentation and childcare and, even more importantly, women's own perceptions of appropriate leisure time and activities. Within the Maltese cultural context, women continue to face enormous challenges in participating in the social, economic, political and cultural fields. The role culturally perceived to be most important for a woman is that of mother and consequently women often find themselves confined to the limited space of the family and home and deprived of more engaging social roles. 18 women participated in qualitative in depth interviews, which were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. A constant comparative approach was used to inductively develop themes. The analysis focuses on young married women's perceptions and experiences of leisure, and identifies those aspects of their situation which facilitate or constrain their opportunities for leisure, the meaning that leisure has for them and their feelings regarding this matter. The text illustrates that young married women in Malta experience a substantial decrease in their leisure time once they become mothers, and that this decrease may be attributed to cultural ideologies and the maintenance of traditional gender stereotypes.
Volume 3 Number 1
- Intrasite Spatial Analysis of a Late Upper Paleolithic French Site Using Geographic Information Systems
- The social construction of 'self" and Womanhood in a Hindu village of Bangladesh
- A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Practices Relating to Widowhood and Widow-Inheritance Among the Igbo and Yoruba in Nigeria
- Leisure & Young Married Women in Malta
- Civilization, Transformation and Collapse