text:
is a term that is applied mostly to jazz improvisation
. Technically, it can be applied to any style in which there is improvisation
, but it is most commonly used in a jazz
Trading fours usually means that two soloists 'trade' four bars each. So one of them improvises for four bars and then the other improvises for four bars, and so on, until the latter ends the 'duet'. Any instruments can trade fours, but it is commonly done either between two lead instruments (saxophone, trumpet, etc.) or between a lead instrument and drums.
The concept of trading fours, like many elements of jazz, comes from the work songs of African slaves. Often, these songs incorporated a 'call and response', when the leader would sing a phrase and the rest would chorus it back. This 'question and answer' is the founding structure of the blues, and is also the main idea behind trading fours. Good jazz players will turn their trading fours into a conversation. It shouldn't sound like two seperate entities, but rather two players responding to each other. Sometimes it sounds like one solo played on two instruments (listen to Sonny Rollins and Sonny Stitt trade eights and then fours on The Eternal Triangle - see if you can even tell when one stops and the other starts). Sometimes (more often) it sounds more like a question and answer (Sonny Rollins Quartet in Blue Seven).
You do not have to trade fours. It is possible to trade any number of bars. The most common after fours is eights, which I already briefly mentioned. This means that the soloists play eight bars each. This is usually done on up tempo tunes (Dave Weckl, Softly, as in a morning sunrise). Also, it is possible to change the amount of bars you are trading. This almost always comprises of shortening the amount of bars that are traded, as this builds up intensity. The first time I heard this was on Charlie Mingus' No Private Income Blues from Mingus in Wonderland, where Booker Ervin and John Handy trade fours, then twos, then play one bar each, and then just two measures each. Wow!
Often, a lead instrument will trade fours with a drummer to allow the drummer a solo without the drummer going into a whole chorus, which can be a bit long. It is sometime difficult for the audience to listen to a long drum solo, so this is a good way for the drummer to express himself.
Usually, the solos are played in the regular fashion, i.e. if a saxophone plays a solo, the whole rhythm section accompanies him/her, and if the drummer plays a solo, s/he is left alone. Sometimes, though, both players can be left alone, with the rhythm section staying silent, or the rhythm section plays a vamp, over which the soloists trade. It is also possible for more than two players to trade fours, playing four bars each in succession (for example - piano, drums, bass, piano, drums, bass... - Bill Evans, Twelve Tone Tune, from Blue In Green - Bill, Eddie Gomex and Marty Morell trade 12 bars each this way). The possibilities are endless!
Things to pay attention to when trading fours:
- When trading fours on songs whose length isn't divisible by 8 (i.e. four bars each), be careful, as the cycle doesn't complete in one chorus. Trading fours almost always ends after the second player's solo, so however many choruses you trade, you have to make sure that the second player ends it. For example, on a twelve bar blues, if a trumpet trades fours with the drums, the trumpet plays four bars, then the drums, then the trumpet. We have now completed one chorus. But this would be a bad time to play the head, as it doesn't feel complete. They must trade another chorus (drums, trumpet, drums), and then the trades end on the drummer.
- When trading fours with a drummer, it is nice to play rhythmic phrases, to let him respond to.
- Listen to the other player! You are having a conversation, not each one speaking separately. If you don't listen, that's exactly what it will sound like.
* trading fours is referred to in many languages other than English as four / four.


News Communities Irving
The last of its kind in Irving, a children's kingdom falls
Avi Selk/Staff Photo
The steel jaws of a fearsome monster, also known as an excavator, attacked and brought down one of the towers at Castle Kingdom on Monday. A generation of children grew up among the maze of forts and bridges. Plans are to replace Irving's least safe playground.
Castle Kingdom stood guard for 25 years against lava monsters, pirate raids and all imagined dangers of Victoria Park.
The vastest playground in Irving, it sheltered countless hide n' seekers in its tunnels. A generation of princesses and princes reigned from its steepled towers.
The children were gone on Monday, when a wrecking machine with dragon-sized jaws ripped those towers from the sand.
Grownups watched the kingdom's demolition—city officials with plans to finally replace the oldest, most troublesome playground in Irving.
Because, through an era of wild imagination and rising safety standards, Castle Kingdom could protect children from every danger but its own.
It took less than an hour to knock a maze of forts and bridges into a heap of sun-greyed wood. In 1989, it took five days and more than 1,000 volunteers to build the playground.
The mayor proclaimed it Castle Kingdom month when they raised that forest of beams in central Irving. Children helped screw the planks on, mugging for photos with electric drills.
"It was the Taj Mahal of playgrounds," said Chuck Majors, who oversaw both its construction and demolition for the city. "You could go all through the playground and never touch the ground."
Despite its name, Castle Kingdom could have served as a jungle fort, or a pirate ship, or a tunnel city. To the thousands of children who crawled across it, hid inside it and dug beneath it, it was all those things and more.
But for every child who took home sand in her shoes (one grandmother collected it in a bucket across two generations) another got a splinter in his toe. As the years passed, boards began to rot and towers sometimes swayed.
Once a national craze, wooden playgrounds fell from favor with safety-minded cities.
Castle Kingdom's climbing beam and balance bar were taken out in the late 1990s. When standards tightened, the tire bridge had to go to clear a safety zone in front of the swings.
Eventually, even the chemical preservative soaked into the playground's wood was outlawed.
Before it fell, a city inspector had to walk the kingdom at least three days a week—early in the morning to avoid the mobs of kids—to spot loose nails or rotting planks. The binder of Castle Kingdom service calls is so full it won't shut anymore.
"This is the only wooden one left in the city," said playground inspector Nathan Frettoloso as he watched the wrecker swipe a tower down. "It's a maintenance nightmare."
Earlier this year, Frettoloso helped a committee of children decide what they'd like to replace the kingdom.
They'll get Castle Kingdom 2.0— with brightly colored towers and a smiling cartoon dragon. Plastic instead of wood, and wheelchair-accessible rubber instead of sand.
It will be shipped from Minnesota and assembled in the fall.
"It will be safe and maintenance-friendly," Frettoloso said. But it won't be the same.
"You're not going to be able to replace the tunnels and the wood and the play value," the inspector said, waving towards the old kingdom's rubble. "Here, it's left open to the imagination."
There's treasure hidden under Castle Kingdom. On the night before it opened, its founders buried a time capsule stuffed with memories from the 1980s.
Majors was fresh out of college then, in his first job as assistant parks supervisor. He marked the burial spot on a map and took it back to City Hall.
Decades passed. Majors had children of his own, got promoted and placed over other parks and playgrounds. Now he can't find the map, or remember what was in the capsule.
So in Castle Kingdom's final week, just before it fell, Majors led a search crew through the playground. With shovels and machines, they dug deeper than any child had managed in a quarter century, straight through the sand to the gravel beneath.
They stared into the pit they'd made, pored over scrapbook photos and wracked their memories, but they couldn't find the capsule.
Majors said he'd keep looking—into the playground's second era, if he had to.
Castle Kingdom has fallen. Long may it live.
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text:
Aristide Maillol, Torso of the Monument to Blanqui, 1905
From the Tate Gallery:
This sculpture derives from a full-length statue made as a memorial for the French socialist Louis-Auguste Blanqui. Because Blanqui spent much of his life imprisoned for his revolutionary activities, the complete monument showed a woman in chains. Maillol later reworked the figure to make this torso. In this fragmentary form it echoes the classical heritage of Greek art, and by extension the qualities of purity, energy and democratic freedom associated with ancient Athens and with Blanqui's struggle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


ANTECH Segmented Gamma Scanner (SGS)
The ANTECH segmented gamma scanner (or SGS) is a robust and comprehensive radioactive waste assay system for measuring waste in drums. It retains all of the capabilities of the original segmented gamma scanner developed by Parker, Riley and Martin at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the USA, equipment that is widely used for radioactive waste assay around the world. The ANTECH Model G3200 also incorporates enhancements to the measurement capability of the original SGS.


Making the right decisions, Staying motivated
Do small changes really make a big difference?
Image credit: iStock/Kikovic
The expression 'one step at a time' can be applied to a lot of different things, including getting healthier. Whether you want to tone up, lose weight or just improve your fitness in general, you've probably been told to take things one step at a time.
The idea is that small changes can all add up to big differences, but is this really case? After all, wouldn't it be better to just go big or go home as this will help you achieve your goals faster?
While you may not believe it, small changes really do add up over time, meaning that it is worth taking things slowly and fully managing what you're changing in order to reach your targets. If you don't believe us, read on to see what big differences your little changes can make.
Step by step is easier to manage
It doesn't matter if you're changing the way you eat or trying to exercise more, changing this bit by bit is the best way to do it. Subtle changes, such as eating more vegetables or walking more, help to provide a foundation for other lifestyle alterations you'll make.
It is much easier to get to the gym every day if you start off by walking more or swimming regularly, as these low-impact exercises help to build up strength and endurance, as well as get you into a routine. They will help make larger changes easier to manage, leading to a better chance of success in the long-run.
Similarly, making small changes with food will mean you have a better chance of sticking to a diet rather than suddenly deciding to cut everything out all at once.
You'll find it less stressful
Changing anything to do with your health can be stressful, especially if you try to do too much at once. You may be able to stick to a big change at the start – such as hitting the gym on a daily basis – but this can soon take its toll and leave you feeling mentally and physically exhausted.
The more stressed you become, the greater chance there is of you cheating on your diet or starting to skip workouts more often, which can see you backslide quite quickly. Instead, the ease with which you can fit small changes into your routine will help to reduce the chances that you get stressed out.
Not only will this increase your chances of success, it also means that you'll have fewer issues when it comes to making another small change. This means you're able to build on your achievements and will soon meet your goals.
There is less impact on your lifestyle
One of the major problems with big changes is that you often end up needing to alter your daily routine or larger parts of your lifestyle in order to accommodate them. This can be incredibly difficult to do and mean that it is harder to keep up with them, as other things will get in the way.
Again, this increases your chances of not achieving what you set out to, which can ultimately see you give up. However, taking things one step at a time means that small changes can be fit around your daily schedule so you aren't having to change everything to accommodate them.
Maintaining your lifestyle and routine – such as still going out with friends and not getting home from work ridiculously late – will ensure you see results but still get to do the things you love. While you may sacrifice time watching TV for lifting weights or swap a bar of chocolate for a piece of fruit, these are easy to manage.
It all adds up
Yes, simply walking more or eating extra vegetables may not seem like it will do you as much as good as spending hours at the gym each day or cutting out all carbohydrates and sugar, but the differences all add up.
Huge changes like a full diet overhaul aren't sustainable so you'll likely burn out and go back to your old ways or at least cheat a lot more as you're depriving yourself of things you love. In comparison eating more fresh fruit and vegetables and drinking more water will give you more energy, leave you feeling fuller for longer and help you cut down on foods that don't do you any good. This will see you lose weight in a safe and manageable way, meaning you're more likely to maintain your weight loss.
Similarly, those few extra steps each day help you burn more calories, improve your endurance and benefit your health. You'll find you can walk further and further each day, building on your success. It will also allow you to start exercising in other ways as you go on without causing you pain or discomfort.
Every little change you make adds up to a big difference that is easier to stick with in the long-run. Large changes may show you more short-term wins, but if you're in it for the long haul, it's best to remember that slow and steady wins the race.
Related posts:
Could souping be the new juicing?
Health and fitness trends that are going to rule 2017
Why are rest days so important?
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text:
Indian and Himalayan Art
A Woman with an Ascetic (Kedara Raga)
Artist/maker unknown, India
Opaque watercolor on paper
Currently not on view
2004-149-53125th Anniversary Acquisition. Alvin O. Bellak Collection, 2004
LabelThe ragamala (garland of musical modes) is one of the most popular subjects of Indian painting. Ragas are selections of musical notes and patterns that invoke particular emotions, times of day, and seasons of the year. Ragamala verses and illustrations are the poetic and visual personifications of ragas. The system, however, is very complex and the meaning of particular images is not always clear. This scene is labeled on the painting as Kedara Raga, a melody to be sung on wintry nights. Images of Kedara Raga usually depict an ascetic and a musical instrument. Here a young ascetic is seated on the right, his renunciation of the physical world shown only by his matted hair and scanty clothing. The motif of the instrument, however, is absent. This particularly elaborate ragamala series shows the vibrant palette and strong contrasts of hue and tone favored by painters from the small state of Sirohi in southern Rajasthan.


- Thu
 - Dec 25, 2014
 - Updated: 12:04pm
Replumbing of university halts flow of money down the drain
PUBLISHED : Saturday, 21 November, 2009, 12:00am
UPDATED : Saturday, 21 November, 2009, 12:00am
Normally when people finish washing their hands, the water simply goes down the drain.
But at a Hong Kong university it is being collected, treated and used for irrigation by a system that the developers say could be useful in rural areas where water is scarce.
City University of Hong Kong has invested HK$2.6 million on a recycling system that can turn 70 metric tonnes of grey water - from washing and showers but not from toilet flushing - into clean water every day.
The output roughly equals the daily water consumption of 500 people, making the system the largest in the city.
The investment includes the cost of the recycling system developed by the Productivity Council and installation of pipes to separate the grey water from flushing water.
For the past six months, water from wash basins in 60 toilets and condensation from an air conditioner have been collected and recycled.
The recycled water is used to replace tap water for irrigation, the facilities manager of the Kowloon Tong university, Philip Ling Chi-ming, said. 'We used to rely on underground water for irrigation, but there's less of it since the neighbourhood was developed,' he said. Festival Walk is one of the recently developed landmarks in the area.
The cost of operation, including chemicals, electricity and consumables, is HK$1.50 per cubic metre and the university saves about HK$500 a day because it does not have to pay water and sewage charges for 70 tonnes of water.
The Productivity Council did research for two years before the system's installation at the university, the council's principal consultant of environmental management, Dr Anthony Ma Yiu-wa, said.
Like other treatment systems, the process uses micro-organisms to decompose organic matter in the waste water.
But this system uses folded boards in the tank that encourage more rapid multiplication of the tiny bugs.
Ma suggested the system could be useful for venues outside the city centre where water supply is scarce, such as camp sites and resorts.
University campuses, sports grounds and swimming pools, which have more space and a lot of shower facilities, are also possible sites for installation.
Daily savings
The operating cost of the system is about HK$1.50 per cubic metre of water
The saving to the university in not having to pay water and sewage charges on 70 tonnes a day is, in HK dollars: $500
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Am I allowed to add multiple TXT records for a single domain?
I've been asked to add a load of MS= records to domains, but some of the domains already have a TXT record.
Can I just add a new TXT record with the value or should I append it to the existing data?
Multiple TXT DNS records are perfectly acceptable. In fact, I think one of my domains has about 6 of them. If you append it to the end of another TXT record, it is likely to stop that one performing it's correct function.
In Amazon's DNS tool, Route53, if you're trying to create multiple TXT values that share the same name, you should surround each value in quotes and separate by a carriage return.
From the Route53 docs:
A text record. Enter multiple values
 on separate lines. Enclose text in
 quotation marks.
 "Sample Text Entries"
 "Enclose entries in quotation marks"
Your Answer


Could Augmented Reality Help Fight Parkinson's-related "Freezing"?
A team of students at Rice University developed an app that uses visual cues to mitigate that vexing symptom.
Image courtesy Rice University. Image has been cropped for size.
Studies have found that many people with Parkinson's disease try to shroud their symptoms out of social fear. That obviously isn't a good thing: Everyone deserves to make it through their day, or at least down the street, without fearing how their motions may look to others.
A team of Rice University engineering students have designed a system that might help those with the disease get through one of its most vexing symptoms in a way that's pretty discreet in today's society: By staring at a smartphone screen.
The phenomenon known as "freezing" occurs for many Parkinson's patients. It's when their limbs temporarily won't do what their brain is telling them to, causing them to "freeze" during activities like walking. Sometimes, a simple visual cue can help spur their motion.
That's where augmented reality (AR) comes in. The students developed a smartphone app that allows a user to place one of those cues, like a circle or block (see image above), to target where on the ground their next step should land. According to a brief from Rice, the cue is often enough to spur patients back into their gait.
"This is for patients who, in their day-to-day lives, experience freezing episodes," one team member, Gaby Perez, said. The app can also use tactile and audio cues, which Perez said other devices meant to assist with the problem typically don't incorporate.
A smartphone app is also cheaper and more innocuous than those other solutions, like laser-guiding canes. One of Perez's teammates, Dan Burke, said that the project "has the potential to work more effectively and at a fraction of the cost." The app—which is more proof-of-concept than eventual product—was designed for iPhones, but the team said it should be adaptable to Android devices as well.
To help assist patients who may suffer from Parkinson's-related tremors, the team helped design a lanyard phone holder that can make the device easier to hold. There's been a lot of recent research on this front, too: A team in Finland just released a study about an optimizer they'd developed that uses artificial intelligence to create smartphone interfaces for people with various symptoms (including tremors) that can make touchscreens difficult to use. Another new study from Johns Hopkins University detailed an mHealth app developed to track Parkinson's disease progression based on
The team at Rice—which calls itself Stairway to Stability—said that many of the patients they worked with are experiencing milder Parkinson's symptoms, but that the freezing problem already affected all of them in some way.
"They've each talked about the mental gymnastics they go through to be able to move their feet again. They're very interested in anything that can reduce that burden," team member Keshev Rao said. His colleague, Kristen Smith, added that a discreet solution was one of their main goals.
Related Coverage:
Want Better Treatments for Parkinson's Disease? Smartphones Can Help
Computer Models Used to Predict Progression of Parkinson's Disease in Patients
AI Can Tailor Touchscreens for Those With Disabilities


3 Point Estimate: Triangular Distribution vs Beta Distribution (PERT)
PMP aspirants often come across the 3 Point Estimate when studying for the PMP exam for the first time. There are 2 different formulas for the 3 Point Estimate, and it is generally not clear to most project managers as to which one to use, and when, or why.
I have written about the 3 point estimation technique quite some time back, about the 2 different formulas and how to use them. This article takes it further, to explain some of the basic differences between the two, and make it easy for you to prepare for the PMP exam, as well as apply this useful estimation technique in your projects.
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The Three Point Estimate technique is used to arrive at a better estimate of the time required to complete a particular activity, work package, and can be rolled up to the entire project. Further, this technique can be used for Time as well as Cost also.
Triangular Distribution: (P + O + ML ) / 3
This is like a simple average of the three estimates. When plotted in a chart, it usually results in a sharp peak, thus the name Triangular Distribution.
Beta Distribution (PERT): (P + O + 4ML ) / 6
This is a weighted average. More weight is given to the most likely. If plotted against a chart, this beta distribution will result in an more uniform, bell shaped curve, called a normal distribution. This has been tested in several different industries, across different countries, and over different time periods, but has always turned out to be more accurate than the 3 point estimate. So this method has become the most used and popular method of choice among project managers.
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When do you use PERT and when do you use Triangular Distribution?
However, the Beta Distribution is preferred in cases where we have a lot of historical data, and is more useful for similar type of projects, and experts are providing this based on historical evidence & experience. If we are doing a project for the first time, and there is no previous history of similar projects to fall back on, it may make sense to use the Triangular distribution, as there is no basis to give more weight to a particular estimate. Thus, a Triangular Distribution is more suited for judgemental data estimates. These are most likely not based on a lot of experience or expertise… but are more of a guess-timates.
As with all estimates, the more accurate your estimates, the better the Triangular and Beta Distribution curves, and the better we are able to estimate the project risk and its completion on time and on cost.
For PMP exam, look for subtle clues in the exam question. If they talk about a new project, no experience, or not much reliable data available, then it is best to use Triangular distribution.
And if the team is made of experts, this is a similar to previous projects, we need a more accurate estimate etc. then it is best to go for the Beta Distribution using the PERT formula of weighted average.
Hope this helps in your PMP exam preparation and in your real life projects. Do drop a note in the comment below…
Vinai Prakash
1 thought on "3 Point Estimate: Triangular Distribution vs Beta Distribution (PERT)
 1. I respectfully disagree concerning the accuracy of the PERT estimate vs the Triangular estimate. The PERT "expected value" or mean is usually closer to the most likely value based on the 4x weighting of the most likely value. In my opinion this leads to an understated (optimistic) mean that in practice is almost always LESS than p50. Even the simple mean of the triangular distribution tends to be slightly optimistic usually driven by the asymmetrical (skewed) shape of the distribution. Most estimates using the three point technique set the "worst case" further from the most likely than the best case so you end up with a 10, 20, 40 triangle or something similar. In this example, the PERT EV would be 21.6 and the simple mean 23.3.
 In this case the "Most Likely" value has a probability of 33% The 50% probability comes in around 27.8. so the PERT is more optimistic but both PERT and the simple average are both off the mark. Why? The skewed nature of the distribution.
 The skewed value is an admission that more can go wrong than can go right. The long tail o the right side of the distribution almost screams "lognormal" which I contend would be a better estimator in most cases than the simple triangular distribution or the PERT Beta.
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text:
Definition of recompense :
1. An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.
2. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.
3. To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
4. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
5. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
pay off, gratuity, premium, allowance, recoupment, honorarium, contribution, furbish up, mend, fix, pay, fee, reparation, resort, consideration, stipend, spend, indemnify, bushel, reward, finance, renovate, even off, invest in, down payment, reprisal, doctor, remediate, settlement, quittance, wages, damages, counterbalance, overcompensate, make up, remuneration, advance, repair, requital, satisfaction, fund, restore, payback, recreate, touch on, animate, indemnification, indemnity, reanimate, repay, quicken, disburse, revive, deposit, requite, restitution, vivify, salary, payment, even out, compensation, bear the cost/expense etc., amend, hire, earnings, repayment, remittance, pay out, revivify, put up, right, cover, even up
atone (part of speech: verb)
recompense (part of speech: verb)


text:
New research analyses maternal breastfeeding in Spain throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Experts believe that its development is associated with socio-demographic factors such as the advice of healthcare professionals, longer maternity leave, a woman's integration into the workplace and her level of education.
"Up until not long ago, maternal breastfeeding was vital for infant survival but things have changed in the second half of the twentieth century. This is mainly due to the arrival of artificial lactation," explains Juan Ramn Ordomaa, researcher at the University of Murcia, Spain and lead author of the study.
Published in the Journal of Human Lactation, the study analyses how maternal breastfeeding rates have evolved in the region of Murcia and, indeed, the rest of Spain, in recent decades and whether women who had children in the 1960's behaved in the same way as those who had children in the 1980's or 1990's.
The average time that a mother breastfeeds has changed over the studied period. Ordoana confirms that "what our results show is a U-shaped graph. Women breastfed for longer periods of time in the 1960's (61.3% for longer than six months) and 1990's (29% also for longer than six months) whereas the shortest periods occurred in the 1970's and 1980's (14.4% and 19.2% respectively).
Researchers studied 666 women who had been first time mothers from a period starting in the 1960's and ending in the 1990's. As well as gathering information on the child's diet, experts collected socio-demographic data with particular focus on the mother's educational attainment.
Ordoana outlines that "the effect of greater educational attainment on the duration of the breastfeeding period is not always the same and it very much depends on social context."
As such, women with medium and high educational attainment displayed drastically shorter breastfeeding periods at the beginning of the 1970
|Contact: Juan Ramn Ordoana Martn |
FECYT - Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology


text:
In this lesson you can learn how to calculate CAGR in Excel.
CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) is year-of-year average growth rate over a period of time. Calculating CAGR you can check how much do you earn annualy with your investments.
To calculate CAGR you can use that formula:
= ((FV/PV)^(1/n)) - 1
Picture show the example of formula. I think everything is clear.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Photo: Temporary Transfer (flickr)
Most of us are cautious eaters.
If you're munching grapes, you'll probably skip one that's all shriveled and discolored in favor of the round, healthy ones. Likewise, when you choose a can of food at the supermarket, you'll likely choose one that's exactly can-shaped, not one that's misshapen and swollen.
Reasons for swelling
A can of food can swell for two separate reasons. The first is what food scientists call "hydrogen swelling," and it only happens to cans of acidic food such as tomatoes or citrus fruit.
The acids in the food begin to attack and dissolve the metal lining of the can, and one of the by-products of this chemical reaction is hydrogen gas. Because the can is sealed, the gas builds up, causing the can to swell.
Poorly processed foods
The second reason a can swells is the result of poorly processed food. Before it's canned, food needs to be sterilized to remove all the potentially dangerous microorganisms– especially those that can live inside a can without oxygen.
If some of these organisms are left behind, they can thrive in the can, spoiling the food and giving off carbon dioxide gas. In this case, carbon dioxide causes the can to swell.
Tell your grocer
Standing in the supermarket aisle, there's no way you can tell whether a can is swollen because of hydrogen or carbon dioxide gas, but that shouldn't really matter. Assume that the food has spoiled, inform the store manager, and choose a healthy, can-shaped can instead.


text:
Italian pistacchio, from Latin pistacium pistachio nut, from Greek pistakion, from pistakē pistachio tree, of Iranian origin; akin to Persian pistah pistachio tree
First Known Use: 1598
Any of nine species of aromatic trees and shrubs, some ornamental, that make up the genus Pistacia of the sumac (or cashew) family, native to Eurasia, with one species in southwestern North America and another in the Canary Islands. Commercial pistachio nuts are seeds from the fruit of P. vera. They have a pleasing, mild, resinous flavour and are used extensively as food and for yellowish green colouring in confections. The tree bears leaves with thick, wide, leathery, featherlike leaflets and small fruit in clusters.


The University of Arizona
Illicit Drug Screening, Brief Intervention, and Treatment Placement
Brief Interventions:
If drug screening indicates that substance use may be a problem, a brief intervention can be conducted to help the individual reduce or discontinue their substance use.
A brief intervention by definition is an intervention designed to promote behavior change. It is not a treatment, rather it is a pretreatment tool. It typically includes an initial 5 to 20 minute session, and can include educational materials and up to 3 follow-up contacts.


How to Rate Cooper Tires
by Tom Streissguth
itstillruns article image
Jupiterimages/ Images
When considering replacement tires for your car, there are many options available. Cooper tires, like other brands, are sized and rated according to several factors. Your best option is to retain the original tire rating and size for your vehicle. When shopping for new tires, it's useful to know the universal tire code used to describe Cooper and other brand tires.
Step 1
Check the tire sidewall for the tire size and type. The description will begin with the letter P (passenger cars) or LT (light trucks), tires designed to carry heavier loads under tougher conditions.
Step 2
Check the width of the tire, given in millimeters. Following the width is a slash and the number indicating the tire's aspect ratio, which is the height of the sidewall (tire only, without wheel or hubcab) in proportion to the width. An aspect ratio of 75 means the tire height is 75% of its width. The lower the aspect ratio number, the shorter the sidewalls and the better the handling of the vehicle. A higher aspect ratio means the tire is proportionally higher and delivers a smoother ride.
Step 3
Next check the letter following the aspect ratio number. This letter indicates the tire's construction type. R indicates radial construction, while D (diagonal) or B (belted) indicates a bias tire.
Step 4
Check the number following the construction type designation. This is the wheel size number, showing the distance across the interior hole of the tire. The wheel diameter of your vehicle must match this number. Never attempt to mount a tire with the wrong wheel size.
The final indicator is what Cooper Tires calls the "Service Description." This consists of a load index and a speed symbol. The load index shows the carrying capacity of the tire, which should be equal to or greater than that of the original tires on the vehicle. The letter showing the speed symbol shows the maximum recommended speed for a vehicle mounted with this tire: S 180 km/h (112 mph) T 190 km/h (118 mph) U 200 km/h (124 mph) H 210 km/h (130 mph) V 240 km/h (149 mph) W 270 km/h (168 mph) Y 300 km/h (186 mph)
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Halifax Citadel National Historic Site of Canada
Signal Masts and Flags at the Halifax Citadel
Towering above the South East Salient of the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site are two replica masts that represent the masts historically used as signalling systems before the advent of electronic telecommunications. Parks Canada dresses (flies different flags and symbols) the replica masts as part of its interpretive program.
Commercial Signal Mast
The tallest mast, also known as the commercial mast, was used to inform the public (especially local merchants) of commercial marine traffic in the harbour and approaches. Company flags combined with pennants and signal discs indicated the number of ships in the harbour along with information regarding the ships' nationality, direction, and port of departure. This information would give local citizens time to prepare for the impending arrivals. Local citizens would know what these combination of flags meant as codes were printed in local almanacs and newspapers. Standing 117 feet above the ramparts of the fort, the commercial mast was highly visible throughout the surrounding area.
Military Telegraph Mast
The shorter mast adjacent to the commercial mast was used for military communications. Used in conjunction with other masts around Halifax harbour, the military telegraph mast at the Citadel used flags and discs to transmit coded sensitive and restricted military messages. This mast stood 78 feet above the ramparts of the fort.
Other Flags
In addition to the flags on the signal masts, there are two other prominent flags flown at the Citadel. The Canadian flag is flown on the official mast at the front entrance of the Citadel and the historical garrison flag (the Union Jack) is flown on a mast located in the south-west demi-bastion of the fort.


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Most of the projects have text that can be deleted.
Please follow along with this example to see how to delete text:
- Launch the Hallmark program.
- Click one of the category buttons: Birthdays, Holidays, Day by Day, Special Days, or Projects
- On the project selection screen, select the project you wish to work with.
- On the Personalize screen, click the Art Studio button in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen.
- Click once on the wording. You will now see a box surrounding it. This is a Text Box.
- Click the Erase button that is now visible on the right-hand side of the screen. The text should now be deleted.
Note: This program is not a word processing program. Some words are broken into groups of letters to apply special fonts/effect to an individual letter. For example, imagine that one of the words on the project is "Happy". To get the capital "H" for this word, the word has to be broken into two separate Text Boxes. One Text Box will be for the letter "H" and the other for "appy". This way, the letter "H" can have a different type of font, size, color or effect applied to it, that is not applied to the "appy". In this case, you would need to select the letter "H" and delete it. Then, you will need to select the "appy" and delete that, as well.
Note: Some of the projects have the text saved within an image on the pre-designed project. If this is the case, you will not be able to delete that text.


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Pipelining is a technique you can use to increase the throughput of the FPGA VI. In a pipelined design, you take advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of the FPGA to increase the efficiency of sequential code. To implement a pipeline, you must divide code into discrete steps and wire the inputs and outputs of each step to Feedback Nodes or shift registers in a loop.
In the following block diagram, subVIs A, B, and C execute in sequence within a single-cycle Timed Loop. As a result, the clock rate of the single-cycle Timed Loop must be set to accommodate the sum of the running times of all three running subVIs.
When you wire the inputs and outputs of the subVIs to Feedback Nodes, as shown in the following block diagram, LabVIEW pipelines the subVIs. Now, the subVIs execute in parallel, all within a single cycle, and the maximum clock rate is limited only by the subVI with the longest combinatorial path. By implementing a pipelined design, you might be able to increase the clock rate of the single-cycle Timed Loop and increase the throughput of the FPGA VI.
You also can use shift registers to implement a pipeline, as shown in the following block diagram.
When you implement a pipeline, the output of the final step lags behind the input by the number of steps in the pipeline, and the output is invalid for each clock cycle until the pipeline fills. The number of steps in a pipeline is called the pipeline depth, and the latency of a pipeline, measured in clock cycles, corresponds to its depth. For a pipeline of depth N, the result is invalid until the Nth clock cycle, and the output of each valid clock cycle lags behind the input by N-1 clock cycles.
Because there are three steps in this example (subVIs A, B, and C), the improved code results in a pipeline of depth 3. Therefore, the output is not valid until the third clock cycle, and the output of each valid clock cycle C always corresponds to the input from clock cycle C – (N – 1), as shown in the following illustration.
In this example, subVI A processes measurement 1 during clock cycle 1, while subVIs B and C both process the default value of the shift register, yielding invalid output. During clock cycle 2, subVI A processes measurement 2, subVI B processes the output of subVI A from clock cycle 1, and subVI C processes an invalid value, yielding invalid output. During clock cycle 3 the pipeline finally fills and the output from subVI C becomes valid for the first time. SubVI A processes measurement 3, subVI B processes the output of subVI A from clock cycle 2, and subVI C processes the output of subVI B from clock cycle 2, yielding the output that corresponds to measurement 1. After the pipeline is full, all subsequent clock cycles yield valid output, with a constant lag of 2 clock cycles.
|Note You must use caution to prevent undesired behavior due to the invalid outputs that occur at the beginning of pipelined execution. For example, you can use a Case structure to ensure that a control algorithm enables actuators only after N clock cycles elapse.|
You can use pipelining to increase throughput by compiling a single-cycle Timed Loop in a faster clock domain. For example, the top section of the illustration below shows the execution timing of a non-pipelined loop consisting of three subVIs, each of which requires a propagation delay of 12.5 ns. The total propagation delay from subVI A to subVI C is 37.5 ns, which is too long to compile at 40 MHz. The middle section of the illustration shows how pipelining the code reduces the propagation delay to 12.5 ns, allowing the loop to compile at 40 MHz. Because the propagation delay of the pipelined loop is only 12.5 ns, the loop can compile at a clock rate as high as 80 MHz, as shown in the bottom section of the illustration.
|Note A pipelined design increases latency over a non-pipelined design when measured in clock cycles. However, because pipelining allows you to decrease the cycle period, the overall latency measured in units of time should not change substantially.|


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M198 Towed Howitzer
Rock Island Arsenal (US)
Field Artillery M198s
M198 Towed Howitzer
The M198 Howitzer is a field artillery gun used by the United States Marine Corps for long-range fire support. It's the best tool to keep the enemy away form a certain area and in the same time to make sure that the allies and friendly parties can travel safely and freely in that area. The M198 Howitzer is also used by the U.S. Army, the Australian Army, Lebanese Army, Mexican Army and Royal Thai Army.
The M198 Howitzer development started back in the 1960s when the first prototype was built and tested. The first howitzer fulfilled a new requirement was a need discovered after the World War II. After its predecessor, the M114 155mm Howitzer, it was developed and constructed at the Army's Rock Island arsenal in 1969. The first tests of the prototype started in 1970 and proved to be successful. Thus, in 1972 two similar prototypes of the M198 Howitzer were delivered to the Army. More tests were to come and the eventual predicted event of the full time production happened in 1978. The first M198 Howitzer unit of the Army was operational starting in April 1979. Between 1979 and 1992 1,600 units of the M198 Howitzer have been manufactured, with the final units coming out of Rock Island.
There are several ways of transporting the M198 Howitzer. Due to its aluminum and steel components it is capable of being airlifted by the CH-53E or CH-47 helicopter. It can also be airdropped by the C-130 or a larger fixed-wings aircraft. It can be dropped by parachute in the desired location or carried by a five-ton truck.
Here are some of the M198 Howitzer's general specifications: length- 36 ft 2in (11m)-in firing position, 40 ft 6 in (12.3m) in towing position; width- 9 ft 2 in (2.8m) in towing position; height- 9 ft 6 in (2.9m) in towing position; height- 9 ft 6 in (2.9m) in towing position; weight 15,772lp (7,154 kg). The M198 Howitzer is capable of carrying a 9 enlisted man crew. The caliber is 155mm, the rate of fire is 2 round/min sustained and 4 round/min maximum, and the range is 14 miles (22,400m) with conventional ammo and 18.6 miles (30,000m) with rocket propelled. The time for emplacement is 4 minutes. The cannon has 45 degrees of lateral traverse and can be elevated between 72 and -5 degrees.
The M198 Howitzer has a towed system that is air transportable,. This it is perfect to increases the range of the weaponry, which makes it very effective. The M198 Howitzer is very reliable and during the years it has improved in the range, rapid emplacement, lethality and availability.
What kinds of ammunition does it use?
The M198 Howitzer can support 155mm weaponry. It works with high explosive -M-107 Normal Cavity, which is a deadly weapon: the kill zone is a radius of 150 ft (50 meters) and the casualty zone is a radius of 300 ft (100 meters). This ammo can cause a large blast and it sends very sharp fragments at extreme velocities (3-4 miles/minute).
Capable munitions. The next M198 Howitzer ammo is the high explosive shell, delay fuseworks great on non-concrete small buildings.
The High Explosive concrete piercing fuse the M198 Howitzer is using is made of heavy metal and two fuses to attack concrete buildings. It works with 2 fuses: the first is a non-delay fuse used to clear the rubble and shatter effects, followed by the second fuse, which is a.025 second delay to blast from within. These 2 ammunitions make the M198 Howitzer a very reliable and effective weapon for the military.
Other ammunitions used by for the M198 Howitzer are the rocked assisted projectile (which is a rocket assisted high explosive round that adds to the maximum range of the normal high explosive), white phosphorus (a projectile in two versions: felt-wedge and standardand is a base-ejecting projectile), smoke (used for covering vehicle movement and troops), dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) (a base-ejectile which is capable of dropping 88 bomblets above a target, each capable of penetrating two inches of steel). The M198 Howitzer can also be used with illumination projectiles, capable of illuminating an area of 1000 meters and it burns burning for 2 minutes (it is used often together with high explosive rounds), mines: The ADAMS (Area Denial Artillery Munition Systemwhich eject tripwires that act as booby traps) and the RAAMS (Remote Anti-Armor Mine System) -usually used together to prevent the antitank mines from being removed. Both of these ammunitions used by the M198 Howitzer are designed to self destruct after a pre-determined period of time.
The ammunition used by the M198 Howitzer for precise targeting is the Copperhead. It is used to destroy tanks, fortifications and other precise targets. It works only with a laser designator system that designates the target. For the moment this ammo is no longer produced.
The M198 Howitzer is used by the Marine Corps for direct support, reinforcing of the artillery missions and general support. All army light cavalry units use it for direct support; the airborne and airmobile infantry units use it for general support and reinforcing missions.
Both the Army and the Marine Corps want to replace the M198 Howitzer with a lighter-weight weapon, in order to develop de mobility, both to ground and air. The initial idea was to accelerate this development by 2001, but due to the high costs stopped this was rescheduled and planned it for 2002 (Marine Corps) and 2005 (the Army).


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Teledyne LeCroy claims to be the only provider of CAN FD measurement and graphing capabilities, and was the first to provide a trigger and decode solution for CAN FD. CAN and CAN FD Symbolic analysis packages allow a user-defined.dbc file to be used for Symbolic triggering, decoding, measurements, and graphing of a CAN or CAN FD bus. This creates a more user-friendly environment for CAN developers to work in and removes the need for a manual lookup or conversion from the typical hexadecimal or binary format. All Teledyne LeCroy CAN FD trigger and decode packages support both ISO and non-ISO frames per the ISO 11898-1 standard.
The ability to perform analysis directly on the Symbolic layer will greatly increase efficiency when working with Teledyne LeCroy's CAN toolset. When debugging using the oscilloscope to trigger on the Symbolic layer, it is simple to isolate a particular troublesome sequence of events by triggering on a specific message or range of values for a given message. The CAN and CAN FD decoders create an intuitive colour-coded overlay directly on top of the physical layer waveform helping to identify the different sections of the frame and rapidly flag any errors. Teledyne LeCroy offers the unique ability to take CAN and CAN FD analysis to the next level by using the.dbc file to extract the encoded values to perform precise timing measurements which correlate to specific occurrences on the bus. Furthermore, these extracted values can be plotted to provide a visual representation of how behaviour is changing over time. The combination of these tools provide new levels of insight into CAN systems, correlating physical layer signals and protocol layer data on a single display while also measuring and plotting bus performance.
Teledyne LeCroy also offers the ability to decode four buses simultaneously. These four buses can be a combination of any protocols, including CAN FD and classic CAN at the same time. Decoded


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Chad Orzel's young son recently read the classic children's book Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown. He asked his father how long it took the rabbit to say goodnight to everything. Orzel ran some calculations based upon the movements of the moon (pictured above) over the course of the story:
So, how can we use this to measure the passage of time? Well, we know that the full moon in the sky covers an angle of about half a degree of arc. On our big copy of the book, the diameter of the moon in the final illustration is just about 7/8" (I only have an English-unit tape measure here), while the distance from the corner of the window to the outer edge of the moon is 2 and 5/8", exactly three times the diameter. So the moon has moved through about 1.5 degrees in the course of the story.
Now, the Earth rotates through 360 degrees in just about 24 hours, which is 15 degrees per hour (the Moon's motion is slightly slower, owing to its orbital motion, but it's not a significant difference for our purposes). This suggests that the bunny's goodnight ritual takes about 0.1 hour, or six minutes.
Link via Geekosystem
Previously on Neatorama:
Goodnight Keith Moon
Goodnight Forest Moon
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Windmill Software Ltd. - PRODUCT NEWS
Strain Gauge Logger with internet connection
Windmill Software are pleased to launch the Microlink 851-SG Strain Data
Logger, which logs data from strain gauges over internet or Ethernet. It
can be used as a stand-alone data logger, or for real-time data
acquisition on a PC.
As well as strain, the data logger can monitor pressure transducers,
voltage signals and digital inputs, count; control digital outputs and
count up to 1 million events. With extra hardware it can also measure
temperature, flow, level, and other signals.
Windmill software makes the package very easy-to-use: no programming is
required. Automatic ranging lets the software match the strain signal as
closely as possible. Users can also select the resolution of the A-D
converter from 12- to 18-bits: choose between high resolution and high
Two alarms can be set on each signal input, again through the Windmill
Strain measurements are returned in microstrain, or in the engineering
units of your choice.
Windmill Software offer free technical support for life and money-back
guarantee if not satisfied.
With the 851-SG package you can monitor strain gauge bridges and
balanced bridges such as pressure transducers. You can configure
individual channels to accept any of these inputs:
- voltage
- quarter bridge: single strain gauge
- half bridge: tensile + compressive strain gauge
- half bridge: normal + transverse strain gauge
- full bridge: 2 tensile + 2 compressive gauges
- full bridge: 2 normal + 2 transverse gauges
- full bridge: tensile normal + compressive normal + tensile transverse
+ compressive transverse gauge
Strain gauges need an external excitation voltage to supply sufficient
current to keep all the bridge circuits energised. The 851-SG package
provides four sets of 16 screw terminals giving + and - excitation and
signals for each of 16 bridges. Two 1 kOhm termination resistors are
mounted in half bridge configuration whilst high quality 350 and 120 Ohm
resistors can be provided for the completion of quarter bridges.
When a bridge input is selected the Windmill software monitors
excitation voltage and performs the bridge calculation to produce a
reading in microstrain. This eliminates errors due to changes in
excitation voltage.
The initial unstrained bridge measurement is often much larger than the
change in signal due to strain. If this initial value is not accounted
for, it restricts the resolution you can obtain - i.e. the smallest
signal you can measure. Windmill software can zero or balance the
bridge, nulling the offset of the initial voltage. So instead of
measuring over a wide range, 0 to 0.5 V for example, you can choose a
narrow range such as 0 to 0.01 V.
Each range is divided into a fixed number of steps: the resolution. The
smaller the range and the larger the resolution, the more precise the
reading. The 751-SG offers a choice of resolutions from 12-bit for fast
sampling to 18-bit for greater precision.
The strain measurement package costs £775.
For more information, please contact :-
Windmill Software Ltd
PO Box 58, North District Office, Manchester M8 8QR UK
Tel: +44 (0)161 _PHONE_
Fax: +44 (0)161 _PHONE_
August 2013


Ten Resume Tips for Nonprofit Jobseekers
The resume is a key part of any job application, and applying for a nonprofit job is no different. The question is, how is writing a resume for a nonprofit job different from writing one for a corporate position and how can you create a resume that effectively markets yourself to a nonprofit audience? This article will provide tips and advice about how to tailor your resume to nonprofit organizations.
Tip #1: Focus on Culture Fit
Nonprofits look for different types of information in a resume. Like all organizations or companies, nonprofits look for evidence of relevant skills and experience that will help the candidate to be successful in the position and add value to the company. Nonprofits, though, look beyond specific skills and qualifications; they are particularly interested in how a candidate is going to fit within their unique organizational culture. Therefore, a good nonprofit resume will include key personality traits and a connection to the organization's mission as a first step in demonstrating culture fit.
Tip #2: Opt for a Chronological Resume
There are generally two distinct resume formats: functional and chronological. Functional resumes group skills by job function and therefore highlight skills over employment history. Chronological resumes present information using a timeline approach, grouping experience by job title and employer. Chronological resumes are generally the best choice, as they illustrate job growth, are easy to follow, and don't require the reader to hunt for basic information like specific places of employment or dates employed. A resume should clearly and concisely tell your "employment story"; if the story is not clear, the reader will assume that there is something you are trying to hide.
Tip #3: Tailor Your Resume to the Position
Don't take a one-size-fits-all approach with your resume. Tailor your resume for every job application. This includes mapping your past experience to the specific requirements outlined and using key words and phrases from the job description, as well as addressing unique cultural competencies required by each organization. For example, if the organization values teamwork and collaboration, make sure you include examples from your work history that illustrate these traits. Remember to include relevant or exceptional leadership roles, committee assignments, fundraising, or community involvement activities.
Tip #4: Demonstrate Your Connection to the Organization's Mission
As noted above, nonprofits are looking for evidence of your connection to their mission in all parts of your application. On your resume, be sure to list all past experience, paid or volunteer, that you have with organizations working in a similar mission area. If you don't have any such experience, begin your resume with an objective statement that concisely describes your interest in this area.
Tip #5: Use Accessible Language
In many cases, the person receiving and screening your resume may not be the hiring manager for the position, so craft your resume for a general audience; any reader should be able to look at your resume and have a clear picture of your experience and interests. Avoid jargon or terminology that is not widely recognized. For example, in describing your experience in education, use phrases like "increased 80% of students' reading levels by two grade levels within one school year" instead of referring to state-specific tests such as the MCAS.
Tip #6: Quantify and Qualify Your Experience
As much as possible, use data to show exceptional results, such as specific amounts of funds raised or specific operational efficiencies instituted. When describing management experience, include the number of direct reports. In addition, use examples that will illustrate universally sought cultural competencies like flexibility, teamwork, and leadership.
Tip #7: Choose Every Word Carefully
Your resume is an example of your writing ability, a skill required by almost every role at every nonprofit. Use active language, write in a style that is easy to follow, and avoid including irrelevant information; as you re-read your resume, make sure that every single word is important to the message that you are trying to communicate. Candidates early in their careers should limit their resumes to one page; those with more experience can use two pages, but no resume should be longer than two pages. In fact, hiring managers will often treat long, wordy resumes as a demonstration of poor writing skills and therefore discount the candidate immediately.
Tip #8: Keep Your Format Simple
Do not use excessive fonts, styles, or colors and have a good balance of white space on your resume. Before sending to organizations, send your resume to yourself or other friends and family to see how the formatting transfers across different computers. For example, a resume using a font that isn't recognized by the recipient's computer will never be read.
Tip #9: Include Current Contact Information
Be sure to include your current contact information. If you are a graduating student, include your permanent address and a permanent e-mail address. Avoid listing unprofessional email addresses or phone numbers with unprofessional voicemail messages.
Tip #10: Proofread, Proofread, Proofread!
Having typos or grammatical errors in your resume is a sure-fire way to ensure that your application ends up in the garbage can. Make sure there are no errors at all; have two or three strong writers review every version of your resume before you send it out.
Taking the time to create a targeted and polished resume can make all the difference in your nonprofit job search. A thoughtful and well-written resume helps a potential nonprofit employer evaluate your application against the qualifications and requirements of the position and decide whether to pursue your candidacy further. It is your job to make sure they have plenty of reasons to invite you for an interview!


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News 12 First at Five / Thursday, Feb. 14, 2013
AUGUSTA, Ga. (WRDW) -- Georgia Regents University is putting good use to a $60,000 grant. They're making a video game for kids just starting school -- helping them learn to read. They say a similar DVD has already been successful.
Now they're trying to continue the success by making a video game. Reading is fundamental and not reading is detrimental, especially to kids who have just started school.
"It's not, 'Here is the ball.' It's language involvement that expands their knowledge base," said GRU Professor Paulette.
Thanks to a federal grant, Georgia Regents University was able to make 20,000 DVDs aimed at improving kids' reading skills.
"The results were a 20-point gain on the average for the Peabody vocabulary test. It tests their receptive vocabulary," Harris said.
"This goes into the homes of kids who don't have many books in the home. It may be single-parent homes where the parent has very little time to read," said Professor Walter Evans.
Now they're using another grant to build a video game focused on improving reading skills.
"We intend to help as many kids as inexpensively as we can," Evans said.
The video game will be a lot like the DVD. The game will be more interactive to help kids understand concepts better.
"They have heard so many classic nursery rhymes and fairy tales.They include long sentences and multisyllabic words," Evans said.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.
Designed by Gray Digital Media


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Legal Considerations in Construction Loans: Protecting Your Investment
Embarking on a construction project is a significant undertaking, and securing the necessary financing through construction loans is a crucial part of the process. However, it's essential to be aware of the legal aspects surrounding construction loans to protect your investment and ensure a smooth construction process. In this guide, brought to you by Real Estate Law Corporation, we'll explore the key legal considerations involved in construction loans.
1. Contractual Agreements:
Before you receive any funds from a construction loan, you'll need to establish clear contractual agreements. These agreements should outline the terms and conditions of the loan, including interest rates, repayment schedules, and any requirements for project milestones and disbursements. It's essential to have a solid legal framework in place to prevent misunderstandings or disputes down the road.
2. Loan Defaults and Remedies:
Understanding what constitutes a loan default and the remedies available to both the borrower and the lender is crucial. A loan default can occur if you fail to meet the loan's terms, such as missing payments or not completing specific project milestones. Common remedies may include penalties, increased interest rates, or even foreclosure. Legal experts can help you navigate these complexities and protect your interests.
3. Construction Contracts:
Contracts with contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers are another vital aspect of construction loans. These contracts should be legally sound and clearly define the roles, responsibilities, and payment terms of all parties involved. Properly drafted contracts can help prevent disputes, delays, and cost overruns, safeguarding your investment.
4. Compliance with Regulations:
Construction projects are subject to numerous federal, state, and local regulations. These can include zoning laws, environmental regulations, safety codes, and more. Failure to comply with these regulations can lead to costly legal issues and delays in your project. Working with legal experts who are well-versed in construction law can help ensure compliance and avoid potential pitfalls.
5. Insurance and Liability:
Construction projects involve inherent risks, including accidents, property damage, or injuries. It's crucial to have the appropriate insurance coverage to protect your investment and mitigate potential liabilities. Legal professionals can help you understand your insurance needs, review insurance policies, and ensure that you have adequate coverage in place.
Conclusion: Navigating Construction Loans Successfully
Navigating construction loans requires a comprehensive understanding of the legal aspects involved. By addressing contractual agreements, loan defaults and remedies, construction contracts, regulatory compliance, and insurance and liability issues, you can protect your investment and minimize legal risks during your construction project. Seeking legal guidance from experts like Real Estate Law Corporation ensures that you have the necessary legal support to address any legal challenges that may arise during your construction loan process, ultimately leading to a successful and hassle-free project.


Biscuit Nest
 1. Soak 30gms of bird's nest in warm water (40°c) for a minimum of 5 hours or overnight.
 2. After the bird's nest has fully expanded, use a fork to loosen the bird's nest to prevent clumping.
 3. Pour the loosen bird's nest into a sieve and clean the black residue.
 4. Using the double boiler method, cook over medium heat for 30 minutes.
 5. Transfer the bird's nest into an empty jar to cool.
 6. Once cooled, add into a blending machine and blend for 15 seconds.
 7. Put the blended bird's nest into a jar and ready to be consumed.
- You should always consume 3 tablespoons of bird's nest on an empty stomach.
- Bird's nest is best consumed in the morning or before bed.
- Add in pure honey if desired (optional)


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If today's law students are going to become effective users of technology tools, law schools need to prepare them for more than just tomorrow's legal practice. At Georgetown, we have come to the realization that we need to prepare students for legal practice 10 years from now. This article provides a look at ways several law schools help students develop technology skills and prepare for future law practice, incorporating examples and lessons learned from teaching the course "Technology, Innovation and Law Practice." It presents concrete ideas for law students to understand and appreciate the potential of technology to transform legal practice.
AALL/ILTA Ditigal White Paper, Oct. 2012, at 74-78 (reprinted in Peer to Peer, Dec. 2012, at 24-28)
Scholarly Commons Citation
Skalbeck, Roger, "Tech Innovation in the Academy" (2012). Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. Paper 1163.


3 Kg. Their vision is astonishing; one comparison suggests that they can see unaided as well as we see with powerful binoculars. The oldest verified eagle in Maine was 32 years and 11 months old!
Seeing their numbers recover is inspiring, but I have mixed emotions: the heron colony on my land has been abandoned, most probably because of the threat to the nests, eggs and young from the circling eagles.
PS: Many countries have chosen eagles as their national symbol, including Albania, Austria, Mexico, Montenegro, Philippines, Poland, Romania and the USA. I think the Mexican Golden Eagle is my personal favorite, partly because of the charming prickly pear cactus it is perching on.
PPS My friend Mary Pearce has explained the story behind the Mexican seal. Apparently the Aztecs, guided by the prophecies of Huitzilopochtli (the god of the sun and war), ended their migration from farther north by building Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), on an island in a lake where an eagle held a snake perched on a flowering nopal (prickly pear) cactus.


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SMYRNA, Tenn. - A retiree in Smyrna got the surprise of her life recently. Betty LeMaster discovered that the rock she'd been using as a doorstop for 16 years was actually a 450-million-year-old fossilized coral.
LeMaster found what she first thought was just a unique rock in her front yard more than a decade ago, but always thought there was something more to it.
After her husband reassured her it was probably nothing more than a unique-looking rock, she decided to keep it, and use it as a doorstop inside her home.
But recently, she said while she was watching an episode of the geological TV series "America Unearthed," she thought to get the rock checked out by a geologist to find out about it.
The geologist, MTSU professor Alan Brown, said he immediately could tell what it was: not a rock, but a ten-pound fossilized coral, estimated to be about 450-million years old.
"I couldn't believe it, and my daughter looked at me and said, 'You used it as a door prop for 16 years!'," LeMaster said. "Needless to say its not a door prop anymore."
Brown said 450 million years ago, Tennessee was part of a shallow sea bed, so old fossils aren't that hard to find, but a fossil the size of Betty's is.


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prefix it with another circumflex. Thus, a literal circumflex can appear in an XPointer as ^^. All other uses of the circumflex character in an XPointer are illegal, resulting in a syntax error.
This is not to say, of course, that a literal circumflex may not be used elsewhere in an instance document. Remember that this constraint applies only to a circumflex within an XPointer.
It's common for an Internet address — a URI — to include somewhere within it certain special characters such as spaces, percent signs, and so on. Web browsers and other Internet applications may or may not choke on these special characters. But if they follow the URI standard, they're supposed to choke; this standard requires that such characters in a URI be escaped, using a percent sign and the Unicode value for the character.
For instance, consider the following URI:
The space between my and documents is supposed to be escaped, using the hexadecimal Unicode value for the space character, so its correct form is:
Like other standards built on the Internet's basic linking infrastructure, XPointer follows the rules established for URIs — including, in this case, the rules for escaping special characters. These rules (as well as the others for URIs) are laid out in two IETF RFCs, numbers 2396 and 2372, which you can find at _URL_ and _URL_ respectively.
URIs versus IURIs
The old XPointer 1.0 spec distinguished between plain-old garden-variety URIs and Internationalized URIs, (IURIs). An ordinary URI is limited to ASCII characters; an IURI may consist of any characters directly representable via Unicode. For instance, currently the official home page of the President of the French Republic (currently Jacques Chirac) is _URL_ All the characters in that URI are ASCII and so it's both a legal URI and a legal IURI. If we were using an IURI-aware application, though, it might be desirable to employ a more correctly French version of the URI: _URL_ The presence of the é character here is what makes the address both an illegal URI and a legal IURI.
In an IURI, the only difficulty occurs when the address itself includes a literal percent sign. In this case, escape the percent (%) with %25. (25 is the hexadecimal Unicode value for the percent sign.)
The current XPointer Framework doesn't mention IURIs, but this issue is likely to reappear.
Characters in XML Documents
Finally, of course, XPointer — being often used in XML documents — is no exception to the general rules of XML well-formedness. If your XPointer appears in an XML document and includes special XML-significant literal characters, such as greater-than signs or ampersands, you must escape them with standard XML entity references (such as > and &, respectively). Also remember that you must escape, with character entity references, any character(s) in the XPointer that can't be expressed in your instance document's own encoding; if you're working in a U.S.-ASCII-encoded document, therefore, you have to escape additional characters in the ISO-8859 encoding. In this scenario, for example, you'd have to escape Á (capital A with an acute accent) as either Á (hexadecimal form) or Á (decimal form).
XPointer specifications often use syntax that cannot be used directly in a URL. To implement them, you must use a prodecure called progressive escaping. This term is defined nowhere in the spec; but from the context, it clearly refers to how you, an XPointer-using document author, might apply successive levels of the above escaping types to a XPointer.
- Start with the completely unescaped form. You might consider this to be the plain-text, common-sense version.
- Escape any XPointer-significant characters meant to be interpreted as literals — that is, any parentheses or circumflexes.
- Escape any percent signs in the URI portion of the XPointer, to ensure a legal IURI. (This may not be necessary if XPointer specifications continue to ignore IURIs.)
- If the XPointer appears in an XML document, escape any XML-significant characters meant to be interpreted as literals, such as ampersands, double quotation marks, and so on.
- Escape the entity-reference XML escaping forms as URI escaping forms, for example, replace " with %22.
To repeat, this progressive-escaping mechanism does not suggest that this stack of escaping sieves is to be implemented in an XPointer processor: it's meant to make an XPointer acceptable to such a processor in the first place. On the processing side, each successive application layer — XML, the HTTP-aware application, and XPointer itself — unescapes the XPointer in reverse order, from the outside in as it were.
Progressive escaping: a (perverse) example
Showing you an example of progressive escaping in practice is, to put it mildly, a challenge at this point. In the first place, you don't yet know enough (if anything) about XPointer syntax. Second, you seldom will have to pass even a full-blown URI, including an XPointer, through all five steps.
Still, you do already know something about XPointers: they can include XPath expressions. So let's imagine you're working on some kind of text-processing application and need to construct an XPointer to be used in an XML document; the XPointer includes the following (unescaped) XPath expression:
translate(., "( )%&^", "_USER_")
This function call scans the string-value of the context node (that's the. used as the first argument) for any of the characters in the second argument, if it finds any of those characters, the function replaces it with the corresponding character in the third argument. So a left parenthesis is replaced with a left square bracket, a percent sign with @, and so on.
In this form, the XPath expression has been subject only to step 1 of all those required above: it's in its "natural language" form (well, as such things go). Now let's walk through the expression and fix it up according to the remaining steps in progressive escaping, so it can be used in an XPointer included in a URI.
- Escaping XPointer-significant characters. There are two parentheses and a single circumflex in the XPath expression. To avoid confusing the XPointer processor downstream somewhere, you have to escape these XPointer-significant characters. Do this by preceding them with circumflexes:
translate(., "^(^)%&^^", "_USER_")
Note, by the way, that the parentheses enclosing the translate( ) function's arguments do not require escaping, since these are used in a "natural" way.
- Escaping IURI-forbidden characters. Our XPath expression has only one percent sign in it, but that's sufficient to choke a processor expecting a valid Internationalized URI. To be sure the processor treats the literal percent sign as such, it must be escaped using an entity reference:
translate(., "^(^)%25&^^", "_USER_")
- Escaping XML-significant characters. The ampersand in the first argument and the quotation marks enclosing the function's arguments are the only characters requiring escaping for XML's purposes. Thus:
translate(., "^(^)%25&^^", "_USER_")
- Escaping URI-forbidden characters. Finally, all spaces and any remaining special characters need to be "entitized" in the URI to be acceptable to a URI-aware processor. The expression to this point includes two spaces and the " and & entity references, all of which must be escaped. Furthermore, the expression includes a number of other special characters that are illegal in URIs in their unescaped form: the very circumflexes we so carefully escaped, in step 3. Thus, after passing it through this last step in progressive escaping, we have our final, fully escaped (although, granted, completely incomprehensible) expression:
This is nearly as painful to look at as it was to construct. Just remember that when and if the XPointer specifications make it to full Recommendation status, the XPointer-constructing toolkit (source code editors, automatic code generators, etc.) will certainly obviate the need to build these monstrosities by hand.
(One final caveat: while this example has shown progressive escaping applied to the XPointer portion of a URI, remember that steps 2 through 5 must be taken for special characters in the rest of the URI as well.)
The notion of progressive escaping was covered at some length in the previous version of the XPointer spec but removed in the versions published July 10, 2002. Nonetheless, its an important concept, and one that may find its way back into the final XPointer Recommendations.
- ↑ An "external parsed entity," unlike an XML document, need not be well-formed. In particular, it may lack a single root element. These quasi-documents are often used for such purposes as holding boilerplate text. They're meaningful — and parseable — only when included (using external entity references) within containing documents.


Download - VTAG Templates
Vibration Test and Analysis Guide
The VTAG is an essential tool to ensure the repeatability of an Symphony Industrial AI trending program. Additionally, with proper VTAG documentation, analysts and program managers can leverage multiple assets to rapidly deploy a program across larger enterprises.
Using the VTAG
The ExpertALERT (EA) software does not store nameplate information which would allow a user to make references to different assets. The content of the VTAG include:
 1. Nameplate information for each component of the machine
 2. Test operating conditions for data collection
 3. Sensor locations and orientation references
 4. Known machine components and forcing frequencies
Symphony Industrial AI technicians and engineers use paper or electronic forms to create VTAGs for all machines to be included in a vibration program. This step is generally completed prior to any vibration data being collected and during the "blocking" stage, installation of the sensor attachment pads.
The VTAG is on "paper", MID is in ExpertALERT
From the VTAG a user then builds the machine structure, known as Machine Identification or "MID" in the ExpertALERT software. All machines that are applicable to the same VTAG, meaning machines that have the same components, nameplate information, test conditions, and process would all be included in one VTAG and then created as one MID in ExpertALERT.
Consider if you have six machines in a room that all perform the same function, made by the same manufacturer, and operate at the same test conditions. These machines would all have comparable vibration spectrum and thus could all be used to develop an average baseline. All of these machines would be included together in one VTAG and thus there would only be one MID.
From the MID, machines are born
Users of ExpertALERT would then create the machines from the MID. As such, the MID should be named so as to give good indication to the EA user as to which MID is applicable. For example, below there are three machines. The last machine has a slightly different motor. Thus there would be two VTAGs and two MIDs. From the software's perspective both use the same rules for performing analysis so technically, they would appear the same. This means that the only way to make sure a user could differentiate between the two MIDs is from the name that each is given.
It is suggested that the name is created that refers to the differences, in this case the motor manufacturer is different and thus the MIDs could be named something like:
 - Circ Water Pump Reliance 40HP Aurora Pump
 - Circ Water Pump GE 40HP Aurora Pump
If there are difference sheave diameters, for example, the name of the MID might reference the ratio. Or maybe one unit has a different number of pump vanes, that could be referenced in the MID name.
If a repair facility replaces the last machine in that picture with a different model, it could be easy then to reference the MIDs that are already built in the system and just assign the new MID, which may already have built the average baseline.
Last point, if there are two facilities that each have a pump room like the one above, the VTAG information can be shared so as all machines are setup the same way and the rulebase and average baseline can be collectively utilized to quickly develop accurate automated diagnostics.
Bottom line
By creating the VTAG users have:
 1. a document for which the program can be built
 2. a paper file can be created in case a database has to be restored
 3. core principles from which repeatability can be ensured
 4. ability to leverage more machines to rapidly build a program
A VTAG is merely a document. There are a couple of templates available here to download to get users started. WATCHMAN customers should follow the advice of their lead analyst for which to use.
Additional help on completing the VTAG can be found in the User Training section of the Symphony Industrial AI Resource Center.
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text:
WHAT IS URL REWRITE IN MAGENTO 2?
In simple words, the URL rewrite function in Magento 2 allows us to modify/ edit any URLs in your store (e.g: Urls of the Product page, Category page, CMS page, etc.). After changes, when anybody accesses the old URL, they will be redirected automatically to the new URL.
WHAT IS BENEFIT OF URL REWRITE?
There are two essential benefits from rewriting the existing URLs:
- Support SEO: you can easily change the URLs and make it shorten. Moreover, it might help the Google crawlers understand and read your site better.
- Satisfy your customers: an URL what is well written would also be useful for readers. More particularly, it would show your customers which page they are in and therefore easy to get back if needed.
HOW TO CONFIG URL REWRITE IN MAGENTO 2?
In Magento 2, the objective of URL rewrite is to diminish the index.php file appearing the the URL (after the root folder). Therefore, the remainings are things that are valuable to search engines and your shoppers. Here is an example:
- Without URL rewrite: _URL_
- With URL rewrite: _URL_
In this tutorial, we will show you how to configure URL rewrites in the back-end step-by-step. There are just 4 simple steps to rewrite URL in Magento 2. Let's get started!
1st step: Go the admin panel, navigate to STORES and choose Configuration (under Settings)
(Admin Panel => STORES => Configuration)
2nd step: Select Web in the left panel, under General section
Expand the General section, then choose Web in the dropdown.
3rd step: Expand Search Engine Optimization section
After expanding the Search Engine Optimization, you must select Yes for the only field – Use Web Server Rewrites.
4th step: Save the config
Finally, you must click on Save Config to complete the URL rewrites configurartion.
We have shown you basic definition of the URL rewrites function in Magento 2 and more importantly, how to configure it in the back-end menu. If you have any problems when following this tutorial, be free to ask us by leaving a comment below. In the next tutorial, we will continue to show you how to generate the automatic redirects when any URL keys of products are changed, see you!
See More Our Magento "How To" Series:


text:
Evacuations invariably involve companion animals, wildlife and livestock so emergency relief agencies will likely require provisions for:
Council is working with the Department of Environment and Primary Industries to develop a Animal Welfare Plan.
Department of Environment and Primary Industries and Victorian Farmers Federation are responsible for gathering and distributing emergency fodder supplies. Provision of fodder for animals after an emergency is an essential emergency relief function, as existing sources may have been destroyed in the incident.
Supplies of water may also be required for livestock after an emergency; The Department of Environment and Primary Industries will be able to provide advice to municipal councils about urgent needs for emergency water supplies.
6.28 Evaluation of Recovery Activities
6.30 Emergency Accommodation


text:
There is a lot of talk these days about thread
count, and there is also a lot of misconception as to the relevance of
high thread count to the quality of the cloth. Thread count is only one
measure of the quality of cloth, there are other factors which affect
the quality and feel of sheets but don't get as much attention.
Many countries in the world grow cotton, however not
all cotton is created equal. Fine linen begins with fine cotton, and
the finest cotton is known as long staple cotton (the staple length is a
measure of the length of the individual cotton fibres). The most common
examples of long staple cotton are Egyptian Cotton and Pima Cotton.
Longer cotton fibres enable the cotton to be spun into finer yarns with
higher tensile strength, which can then be woven into a softer, more
luxurious fabric which will last a long time.
A Good Yarn:
After the raw cotton has been blended and cleaned (a
process known as 'Ginning'), it is carded to remove the shorter, weaker
fibres. Higher quality cotton is then produced by 'combing' the cotton,
which removes more of the short fibres and leaves only the more
refined, stronger fibres which can then be spun into a fine yarn. All
Wallace Cotton sheets are produced from high quality combed cotton.
Defines the number of warp and weft yarns per 10
square centimetres of cloth. In Europe and America most retailers refer
to thread count per square inch, but in New Zealand and Australia it is
more common to refer to threads per 10 square centimetres. The finer the
yarns used, the more threads that can be woven into 10 sq cm of cloth.
Basically the higher the thread count the softer the feel and the better
Thread count for sheeting can range from 140 to 1000 per 10 sq cm,
however most cloth with thread count above 500 utilises what is termed
as a 2 ply weave, where 2 yarns are twisted together before weaving.
This increases the density of the cloth but not the fineness.
Good quality cotton sheets usually have a thread count of 200 plus. Our
range of sheeting starts at a thread count of 250 per 10 square
Sateen or Square Weave:
The type of weave also has an affect on the quality
and feel of the cloth. A Sateen weave has more warp threads on the
surface of the cloth, producing a softer, silkier feel. Sateen weaves
with a thread count of less than 250 often have a tendency to 'pill'. A
square weave is woven in a more common one over, one under style and
usually results in a crisper feel which has a high resistance to
pilling. The choice between Sateen weave and plain weave is usually a
case of personal preference between the softness of Sateen versus the
crispness of plain weave.
Our Heritage Sheets are all made from the highest quality 300 count
cotton, square weave. Our Empire Sheets are the five star option in our
sheeting range and are made from beautifully soft 750 count cotton
When you buy good quality linen you expect it to be
of a certain standard; however when it comes to towels, caring for them
is just as important as the quality of the towel itself.
If you have ever had the problem of buying new towels and using them,
finding that you and the towel end up wet, or you buy brand new good
quality tea towels and they are useless for drying?
However this is not your fault, caring for your cotton is easy but no-one tells you how to do it.
Wallace cotton is dedicated to not only providing great quality cotton
products but we are focused on educating and informing our customers
about caring for your cotton and what cotton types we use.
Soaking towels and tea-towels
Buying good quality linen and caring for it is the key to your linen living a long life.
When you buy your towels, before you use them, soak them in a tub/bucket
of cold water for a minimum of 24 hours, this swells the cotton fibres
and increases absorbency, then throw them in the washing machine with a
tablespoon of detergent (because they are not dirty). Once this is
completed put them in the dryer on warm and a reduced spin to get rid of
any excess lint.
Your towels will come up absolutely beautiful, they will be rich and super absorbent.
Do the same with your tea-towels and really dry those dishes!
Washing and drying linens correctly will help
eliminate creasing and make ironing easier. Natural fibres crease more
when new, but with time the fabric softens and this will reduce. For
best results, iron bed linens and table linens while still slightly
damp, using a steam iron. In the event that linens have become bone-dry,
we advise re-damping with a water spray before ironing. To give a super
crisp finish, use spray starch when ironing. As with a shirt collar,
always iron the corners of pillowcases from the outside inwards to avoid
corner creasing. If the item is embroidered or embellished, iron this
area on the reverse to enhance and protect it. When ironing sheets and
duvet covers, folding them in half lengthways makes them easier to
Always store your linen in a breathable cotton bag; thats why we love our cotton laundry bags; free with purchase!


How to Use Cumin Seeds for Fast Weight Loss
Cumin, also known as jeera, is a spice that is used in our dishes to enhance the taste. It has an earthy and warm flavour. But, do you know that it can also help you with weight loss? Yes, that's true! Cumin has the ability to speed up your weight loss process.
Along with that it also has many other health benefits, which is why it has been used in traditional medicines for so many years now. Studies show that consumption of cumin regularly has various types of benefits for the health.
Cumin Seeds for Fast Weight Loss
Tukh Malanga Benefits for Weight Loss
Get A Flatter Stomach with This Home Remedy
weight loss
Health benefits of cumin
1. Cumin can aid your digestion by increasing the activity of the digestive enzymes in your gut.
2. Cumin seeds are rich in iron and one teaspoon of it can contain about 1.4 mg of iron.
3. Cumin can help you in managing your diabetes. 4. Cumin can be used to remove the bad cholesterols from the body.
5. Eating cumin seeds can help in reducing inflammation in the body.
6. Lastly, cumin seeds are beneficial for fat reduction and weight loss.
Cumin and weight loss
Cumin can be used for weight loss as it is an effective weight loss remedy. You can lose fat from your belly as well as your whole body within just 15-20 days by eating cumin seeds or drinking cumin water daily. Previously, a study was held in which 80 obese women were divided into two groups: 'cumin group' and 'diet control group'.
The cumin group were asked to consume cumin on a daily basis and the other group was asked to control their diet. In the end, it was found out that women who had cumin had lost a significant amount of weight as compared to others.
Cumin can help in burning calories faster by increasing the speed of metabolism and improving digestion. When you have a healthy digestive system and faster metabolism, you will automatically lose weight. So, how can you use cumin for weight loss?
How to use cumin for weight loss
There are many ways in which you can use cumin for weight loss. Some are mentioned below:
1. Cumin seeds
2. Cumin powder and yoghurt
3. Cumin powder
Boil one cup of water and add cumin powder to it. You can also add a little salt to make the drink taste better. Drink this after your meals every day for 20 days.
I Hope, these remedies work for you! Thank you for reading. Do share this article with your friends and family members who are trying to lose weight. via timesofindia
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text: Ransom Everglades Upper School is an independent private school that offers college-preparatory education to students in grades nine through 12. The school offers academic programs in various subjects, such as English, language arts, science, social studies and math. It also provides education in various other subjects, such as fine and visual arts, physical education and technology. It additionally offers advanced placement courses in a wide range of subjects, including statistics, calculus, computer science, music theory, French, American and European history, environmental science government and politics, chemistry, world history, psychology, biology, physics, and microeconomics and macroeconomics. It also provides a library and media center that houses more than 25,000 volumes of print books, databases and access to other libraries, including the University of Miami and Miami-Dade County Public Libraries. The school also provides a wide range of extracurricular activities and sport programs. Ransom Everglades Upper School is located in Miami.


text:
7 Polish Martyrs
Memoirs of Priests Who Lived through World War II Published
| 1665 hits
By Father Mariusz Frukacz
CZESTOCHOWA, Polan, JUNE 21, 2012 (Zenit.org).- "Memoirs of War (_PHONE_) of Priests of the Diocese of Czestochowa" is the title of the book published recently by the Catholic weekly "Niedziela," which is part of the series "Library of Niedziela."
The memoirs in question are those of priests who survived the hell of concentration camps. They were gathered by historians Father Jacek Kapuscinski and Father Jan Zwiazek.
The book collects the writings of seven priests: Father Jan Brodzinski (_PHONE_), Father Roman Aleksander Konopka (_PHONE_), Father Jozef Kubica (_PHONE_), Father Antoni Mietlinski (_PHONE_), Father Maciej Namysly (_PHONE_), Father Serafin Opalka (_PHONE_) and Father Jozef Pruchnicki (_PHONE_).
Four of them recall the events and experiences of five concentration camps: Dachau, Gusen, Auschwitz, Konstantynow and Sosnowiec. The other three memoirs describe pastoral work during the Occupation, especially in the land of Wielun.
Each of these texts is preceded by a biographical profile and an historical comment, and is accompanied by other material.
The book opens with an article by Father Jan Zwiazek on the diocese of Czestochowa during the Nazi Occupation. It includes a series of photographs that illustrate the people and circumstances of World War II.
They are "the testimony of the extermination policy of Nazi Germany and of the suffering that those endured who wished to persevere in the faith and in fidelity to their own nation," said professor Zygmunt Zielinski.
According to retired Archbishop Stanislaw Nowak of Czestochowa, the war memoirs of diocesan priests "are the testimony of man's great love of God, of the fatherland and of the Church, as well as signs of adherence to the priesthood."
"We can read these memoirs as the Acts of Martyrs of the 20th century. This book will be spiritual reading which will help us also to form our moral attitudes," added the archbishop.
For Father Jacek Kapuscinski, one of the authors, the memoirs, written in 1945, about experiences of World War II: "are a most precious treasure for historians, but also for our generation that must know the history of its Fatherland and of the Church."
The most difficult situation for the Polish Catholic population during the War in the territory of the diocese of Czestochowa, occurred in the so-called "Warthegau," a region that looks out on the Warta river, in a part of the diocese of Czestochowa, in the Wielun district.
From the beginning of the War, the priests of the Wielun region were subjected to repression. On November 9, 1939, the Germans arrested seven Catholic priests and a Protestant pastor. On October 6, 1941, all the priests were arrested and taken to a transit camp in the neighborhood of Lodz, and then to Dachau concentration camp.
In total, 55 priests from Wielun were sent to Dachau, two of whom were monks. During _PHONE_, the total number of priests of the diocese of Czestochowa who were killed was 61. Among them were also Father Maksimiian Binkiwewicz and Father Lugwik Gietyngier, beatified by Pope John Paul II on June 13, 1999, at Warsaw.


text:
Near Field Communication versus Bluetooth
NFC technology consumes little power when compared to standard Bluetooth technology. Only when NFC has to power a passive, unpowered source such as an NFC tag does it require more power than a Bluetooth transmission.
The close proximity that devices connected using NFC must be to each other actually proves useful in crowded locations to prevent interference caused when other devices are present and trying to communicate. Bluetooth may have trouble dealing with interference when trying to send signals between two devices, especially when several other devices are in close proximity.
Another benefit of NFC technology comes in its ease of use. Bluetooth requires users to manually set up connections between smartphones and takes several seconds. NFC connects automatically in a fraction of a second, so fast it seems instantaneous. Though the users must be close to one another to use NFC technology, it is faster and easier to set up than a Bluetooth connection.
Bluetooth does still offer a longer signal range for connecting during data communication and transfers. NFC technology has taken advantage of this and can connect two devices quickly, then turn the signal over to Bluetooth so the owners can move further away without severing the connection.
The latest development in Bluetooth technology, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), is targeted at low power consumption and uses even less power than NFC. As the technology increases, Bluetooth and NFC technology may continue to work together, relying on each other to help users meet their data transmission needs.
- Near Field Communication Technology Standards
- NFC Signaling Technologies
- History of Mobile & Contactless Payment Systems
- Security Concerns with NFC Technology
- Development of NFC Compatible Smartphones
- FeliCa Technology
- NFC SD and SIM Cards
- QR Codes versus NFC Tags
- Near Field versus Far Field
- Near Field Communication versus Bluetooth