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The Occidentalis Linux distribution for Raspberry Pi (and Raspbian as of Dec 2012) includes support for the DS18B20 1-wire temperature sensor. These sensors come in a small three pin package like a transistor and are accurate digital devices.
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a DS18B20 with the Raspberry Pi to take temperature readings.
Since the Raspberry Pi has no ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), it cannot directly use an analog temperature sensor like the TMP36, making the DS18B20 a good choice for temperature sensing.
This incredibly small stereo amplifier is surprisingly powerful – able to deliver 2 x 3.7W channels into 3 ohm impedance speakers. Inside the miniature chip is a class D controller, able to run from 2.7V-5.5VDC. Since the amp is a class D, its incredibly efficient (over 90% efficient when driving an 8Ω speaker at over a Watt).
This amplifier is perfect for portable and battery-powered projects. It has built in thermal and over-current protection, but you really have to drive it hard before it even gets warm! This board is a welcome upgrade to basic "LM386″ amps!
Stepper motors fall somewhere in between a regular DC motor (Lesson 9) and a servo motor (Lesson 8]). They have the advantage that they can be positioned accurately, moved forward or backwards one 'step' at a time, but they can also rotate continuously.
In this lesson you will learn how to control a stepper motor using your Raspberry Pi and the same L293D motor control chip that you used with the DC motor in Lesson 9.
The Lesson will also show you how to use an alternative driver chip, the ULN2803.
For this project, it does not really matter if you use a L293D or a ULN2803. The lower cost of the ULN2803 and the four spare outputs, that you could use for something else, probably make it the best choice if you don't have either chip.
The motor is quite low power and suffers less from the surges in current than DC motors and servos (which use DC motors). This project will therefore work okay powered from the 5V line of the Raspberry Pi, as long as the Pi is powered from a good supply of at least 1A.
We have a new alpha release of the Rapsberry Pi WebIDE ready to go. This latest version is primarily bug fixes, but it does have one new feature! We've added the ability to create folders at all levels of your project to help with organization of those more complex projects.
The new changes for the 0.3.2 version of the WebIDE are as follows:
Navigator: Add ability to create folders at all levels.
Debugger: Fix display of local vs global variables.
Terminal: Set terminal width based on containing parent, use entire width and height.
The Raspberry Pi WebIDE includes an advanced, yet easy to use tool, to help you work through code that you've downloaded or written in Python.
If you haven't used a debugger, either on the command line or in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), hopefully this guide will help you understand why you'd want to do so, and how to effectively debug your code.
This is my first video in a new series that will cover every aspect of the Adafruit Learning System Raspberry Pi WebIDE. The WebIDE is still in the early development phase, but we are rapidly packing in great new features, and squashing bugs. Even though it is still in Alpha, this first video shows you how incredibly easy it is to install the WebIDE onto your Raspberry Pi. The goal is to release a new video each Friday to cover a new feature of the WebIDE.
This lesson describes how to control both the speed and direction of a DC motor using Python and a L293D chip. In Lesson 8, we used the Pi to generate pulses to control the position of a servo motor. In this lesson we use pulses to control the speed of a regular DC motor and the L293D motor control chip to reverse the direction of the current through the motor and hence the direction in which it turns.
I2C is a two-wire serial bus interface historically used to communicate between different components of an electronics device on the same circuit board. Amidst the rise in hobbyist/open electronics and the "Internet of Things", I2C has also become popular as a well-defined communication technology between off-the-shelf electronic project components of the type commonly sold at Adafruit, Sparkfun, and Newark. Accelerometers, NFC chips, LED displays, and many other types of devices are available using this interface, allowing hackers to easily communicate bidirectionally with special-purpose components from their micro-controller or full-fledged computer projects.
One example of such a component that is fun to play with is the Adafruit 8×8 LED Matrix w/I2C Backpack. This device is pretty much exactly what it sounds like, 64 LEDs arranged 8×8 that can be individually controlled over an I2C interface via an HT16K33 integrated circuit. Starting with a few of these devices and a Raspberry Pi, I decided to delve into what it would take to drive the LEDs from my favorite language, Go.
I started by soldering the LED matrix devices to their backpacks as described here:
Adafruit provides great support for controlling these devices and others that they carry from within Python code (available via GitHub (_URL_ and this code works well for spot-checking that the device has been successfully connected and is in working order. All of my soldering went okay and the device worked (though I did have to modify the Python code slightly because at the time it assumed it would be driving a LED matrix on I2C bus 0, but it should have been using bus 1 because the I2C bus number designations flipped around the time the newer 512MB Raspberry Pi devices became available and my Pi is a 512MB model).
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! A fun way to make a small display is to use an 8×8 matrix or a 4-digit 7-segment display. Matrices like these are 'multiplexed' – so to control 64 LEDs you need 16 pins. That's a lot of pins, and there are driver chips like the MAX7219 that can control a matrix for you but there's a lot of wiring to set up and they take up a ton of space. Here at Adafruit we feel your pain! After all, wouldn't it be awesome if you could control a matrix without tons of wiring? That's where these adorable LED matrix backpacks come in. We have them in two flavors - a mini 8×8 and a 4-digit 0.56″ 7-segment. They work perfectly with the matrices we stock in the Adafruit shop and make adding a bright little display trivial.
The watch kit already ships with style to spare, but that's no reason to limit yourself to the included watch band when you can make one.
Here are the steps I took to create the "Circling the Square" TIMESQUARE Watch Body. As I guide you through the steps I followed, I will share plenty of tips and tricks for how you can design your own!
We have a new alpha release of the Rapsberry Pi WebIDE ready to go. This version includes a major new feature that allows you to debug your python programs. This is a real-time step debugger, with breakpoints, output, etc.
The new changes for the 0.3.0 version of the WebIDE are as follows:
Python step debugger
Node.js update to 0.8 from 0.6 for faster navigation, and page loads.
Package node binaries with the WebIDE for faster, and easier installs
NOTE: To take advantage of the updated node binaries, and increased speed of the WebIDE, you'll want to do an uninstall/installation, as the binaries are configured during the installation process, so updating within the editor won't pick those changes up.
Here's a screenshot of the debugger in action:
Upgrading from 0.2.0 and higher
You can upgrade from 0.2.0 and higher from within the editor. If you'd like the increased speed using the new node binaries, you'll want to uninstall/install again.
Ensure that your code is safely saved in your repository at bitbucket.org.
Login to the editor.
Click Update in the upper right.
Update should take about a minute.
Upgrading From 0.1.9 and lower
To install this new editor, you'll want to completely remove your old editor, and run the installation script again.
Ensure that your code is safely saved in your repository at bitbucket.org.
Uninstall using the following script
curl _URL_ | sh
Either make sure there are no rogue node processes running, or restart your Pi.
Install the new and improved WebIDE
curl _URL_ | sudo sh
By popular demand, we now have a project tutorial for how to make your own programmable, ultra-blinky LED belt. Perfect for parties, raves, parades, weddings, funerals, and bar mitzvahs. Wear it with pride, wear it with blinky! Follow this tutorial to build your own heirloom LED belt, and hand it down to your grandkids.


text:
Risk Terminator provides a framework where Risk analysis can be triggered during User and Role maintenance activities using SU01, SU10 and PFCG directly in the plug-in system.
The Risk Terminator is a service that runs in the SAP ABAP back-end system and triggers automated risk analysis check when defined segregation of duties (SoD) access risks are violated during User or Role maintenance directly in the plug-in system..
Below are the configuration details to configure Risk Terminator.
In GRC system maintain the below configuration settings in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC -> Access Control -> Maintain Configuration Settings
Plug-In System Config
Make sure that below mentioned User Exits exist in the plug-in system in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC (Plug-in) -> Maintain User Exits for Plug-in systems. If they don't exist, create the entries and save them.
In Plug-In system maintain the below configuration settings in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC (Plug-in) -> Maintain Plug-In Configuration Settings.
- Connector Name maintained in Configuration Parameter 1000 in Plug-In system must be same as the connector name maintained in Configuration Parameter 1080 in GRC system.
- GRC Connector name must be maintained in Configuration Parameter 1001 in Plug-In system as shown below.
The Risk Terminator functionality can be applied to different business cases around user maintenance (creation and modification) and role maintenance (creation and modification). To simulate how risk analysis works for role maintenance and user role provisioning, I used below business scenarios. They are based on the configuration settings defined in the GRC system and the Plug-in system.
Risk Terminator Scenarios
Scenario 1: Testing role creation with conflicting Tcodes using PFCG.
Role Name: RT_TEST_ROLE
Tcodes: Conflicting Tcodes have been added as defined in our Rule set
Since the user exit before profile generation is also maintained, you can see from the below screenshot that "Risk Terminator" is triggered as the message shows "Checking for Access Risk Violations".
Risk Violations will be shown as below
Risk Terminator Triggers during role assignment using PFCG as well
Scenario 2: Testing SU01 conflicting role assignment to users.
Before you test scenario 2 make sure to implement the below SAP note in your Plug-In system if your Basis Release is 701 as Risk Terminator is not working for SU01 and SU10.
Followed few SCN links in preparing this blog post.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Hot Water Baseboard Problems
Air trapped in the system - causes a gurgling sound in the system when the circulator is pumping water. Most systems have a small "tire valve" at the high points in the system which can be "blead" until all the air is removed and water starts flowing from the valve. The system has been bled twice but the gurgling sound is still heard. How does this problem affect the heating of the house and will it cause damage to the heating system eventually?


text:
Our analysis task was to import images (JPG format), extract numerical data (pixel brightness), and compare to various theories. While I'm sure there are straightforward ways to do this in other languages, I found Python had more than enough to offer in terms of possible solutions. One additional requirement was that we wanted to average many slices of the image in order to decrease the sensitivity to localized variations. The final solution was to import the image using tools provided by Scipy. This also allowed us to use standard image processing functions to rotate the image and average many cross sections. Because the object (a nickel) has rotational symmetry, we took 36 slices (each 10 degrees from the previous) and averaged them. This gives a good picture of the radial dependence of the brightness. Plotting and fitting were straightforward using other Scipy routines or your favorite 2D plotting software (mine is DataGraph).
Writing and debugging the code took about an hour and plotting/analyzing took about another hour. Two hours start to finish!
We quickly realized that we don't have an analytic theory to compare to so we discussed various numerical models and decided to implement a relaxation method to solve the Laplace equation in 3D for a reasonable set of boundary conditions. This code took about 1.5 hours and depending on the mesh density, runs in about 3 minutes. Best of all, we get very interesting qualitative agreement. All this for about 4 hours at the computer. Not too shabby.
For what it's worth, the code is attached below. The relevant functions are scipy.misc.imread, pylab.imshow, pylab.semilogy, and scipy.sum. These import an image, show an image, plot on semilog axis, and sum an array along one axis. The code comments should help illustrate why each is used.
from pylab import imshow, figure, zeros, plot from scipy.misc import imread from scipy.ndimage.interpolation import rotate from numpy import savetxt a = imread("Jefferson.JPG",flatten=1) # imshow(a) center = [1930,1289] # define the center of the image (for cropping) width = 1000 # choose a radius for the cropped image crop = a[center-width:center+width,center-width:center+width] # imshow(crop) stack = zeros((2000,10)) # create an array to save the slices total = stack[:,0] # create an array to save the average slice for i in range(10): # take ten slices stack[:,i] = rotate(crop,i*36,reshape=False)[1000,:] total += stack[:,i] plot(total) # plot the data savetxt("Jefferson-v2.dat", total) # save the data to a file
from scipy.misc import imread from pylab import gray, imshow, plot, show, semilogy from scipy import zeros, sum image = imread("circle.png",flatten=True) image = -image + 255 # rescale so background is zero sizex,sizey = image.shape depth = 15 mesh = zeros((sizex,sizey,depth)) mesh[:,:,0] = image mesh[:,:,1] = image mesh[:,:,2] = image mesh[:,:,3] = image mesh[:,:,4] = image runs = 500 # iterate over the whole array setting each point to be # the average of the neighbors for round in range(runs): print "Run number: ", round for i in range(sizex-2): for j in range(sizey-2): for k in range(depth-2): mesh[i+1,j+1,k+1] = 0.166 * (mesh[i+1,j+1,k] + mesh[i+1,j+1,k+2] + mesh[i+1,j,k+1] + mesh[i+1,j+2,k+1] + mesh[i,j+1,k+1] + mesh[i+2,j+1,k+1]) total = sum(mesh, axis=2) # Sum the potential through the whole region. This was to see if the light generated is proportional to the potential. It is more likely that the light is proportional to the field strength so more calculation will be required. semilogy(total[:,sizex/2]) # plot a slice through the center of the region
I should point out that one interesting feature of this code is that is uses an image to provide the initial conditions for the Laplace solver. This means that the code could be easily adapted to a wide variety of situations and you could quickly explore all sorts of funky shapes.
The top five slices are set to have the potential given in a grayscale image. I just created a black circle on a white background in Inkscape and exported it to PNG. The code inverts this image in order to set the voltage to 255 in the center and 0 on the outside. Then there is a little trick to zero (ground) the areas outside the circle. From there, it's just a for loop that carries out the relaxation method: set each point to the average of the neighbors.
This project isn't necessarily polished, but I wanted to share the code in case anyone is looking for something like this. If you have to extract some data from an image, python is a great place to start.


text:
Dairy Farm Manager Resume
Here is the Dairy Farm Manager Resume example:
804 Smithfield Avenue
Amarillo, TX 79101
Job Objective Qualified Dairy Farm Manager seeking situation that allows me to use my knowledge to gain business for the company and to bring about positive change.
Highlights of Qualifications:
- Experience in managing machinery and automotive on food industry
- Thorough knowledge of large scale businesses
- Operational knowledge of fertilizers and seeds
- Ability to provide efficient feedback
- Ability to prepare continuous improvement strategies
- Remarkable organization skills
- Ability to work under pressure
- Proficient to maintain technical knowledge on dairy
- Familiarity to supervise facility
Dairy Farm Manager
Landcorp, Amarillo, TX
October 2008 – Present
- Planned appropriate budget techniques to achieve targets.
- Developed and executed nutrient management plan.
- Administered milking process and maintained hygiene in plant.
- Maintained and update all management records.
- Evaluated various animal health programs to achieve goals.
- Monitored mating program for all animals and ensured good health.
- Ensured compliance to all animal welfare codes.
- Prepared business plans and budget for 5 year.
Dairy Farm Supervisor
Braum's Ice Cream & Dairy Stores, Amarillo, TX
August 2003 – September 2008
- Administered everyday activities for all milking process.
- Assisted in breeding of cows and performed various duties.
- Performed regular inspection of barns and maintained cleanliness.
- Monitored all injuries and illness in animals and provide assistance.
- Developed strategies to ensure optimal milk yield.
- Prepared schedule of vaccination and breeding.
Dairy Farm Worker
Dairy Farmers of America, Amarillo, TX
May 1998 – July 2003
- Assisted to wash cows and provide insecticides on farm.
- Prepared and administered efficient treatment.
- Coordinated with supervisor and examined all cows.
- Maintained all breeding data and provided update.
- Ensured clean milk containers and equipments.
- Maintained various farm fences in facilities.
Bachelor's Degree in Agriculture Studies
Southwestern College, Phoenix, AZ
- 1File Count
- March 1, 2023Create Date
- March 1, 2023Last Updated
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- Dairy Manager Resume Examples


text:
Frank Broz, Illah Nourbakhsh, Reid Simmons
In order to interact successfully in social situations, a robot must be able to observe others' actions and base its own behavior on its beliefs about their intentions. Many interactions take place in dynamic environments, and the outcomes of people's or the robot's actions may be time-dependent. In this paper, such interactions are modeled as a POMDP with a time index as part of the state, resulting in a fully Markov model with a potentially very large state space. The complexity of finding even an approximate solution often limits POMDP's practical applicability for large problems. This difficulty is addressed through the development of an algorithm for aggregating states in POMDPs with a time-indexed state space. States that represent the same physical configuration of the environment at different times are chosen to be combined using reward-based metrics, preserving the structure of the original model while producing a smaller model that is faster to solve. We demonstrate that solving the aggregated model produces a policy with performance comparable to the policy from the original model. The example domains used are a simulated elevator-riding task and a simulated driving task based on data collected from human drivers.
Subjects: 1.11 Planning; 3.6 Temporal Reasoning
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


Natural Solutions Radio header image
Cattail: Learn how to harvest and utilize this wild aquatic plant during the best and worst of times
(NaturalNews) One of the most common wild plants found throughout the world, cattail, is astoundingly versatile. So much so that it can make the difference between life and death if one is lost in the wilderness or when food is in short supply. But this humble plant is also extremely handy in ordinary, day-to-day situations too. If you have access to an area with cattail, an exceptional survival resource is right at your fingertips.
Year-round usefulness
Most of us have come across cattail at one time or another. Distinguished by a brown cigar-shaped head on a hearty stalk, cattail grows in wet areas often close to streams, ponds and lakes. As one of the most functional wild plants, cattail offers different uses during each season.
Early spring - Fresh shoots begin to sprout and can be dug up and (once peeled) eaten raw or sauteed. Additionally, the lower part of the leaves can be added to salads.
Summer - This is the season when the uses for cattail are most abundant. Once a stem is pulled from the ground, you will notice the lower part is white. When eaten raw, it tastes similar to cucumber. Cooked, it tastes like corn. Lower cattail stalks are a good source of vitamins A, B and C along with potassium and phosphorus. During midsummer, a yellow pollen appears that can be used as flour or thickener for soups and stews. To harvest the pollen, bend the cattail head into a paper bag and shake. In late summer, green flower spikes appear and can be eaten like corn on the cob.
Autumn - The root of cattail can now be harvested. Wash thoroughly and submerge in water - let sit until a gel forms. Drain the gel and use for bread making and soups. For a protein-rich flour, dry the roots and grind. It can also be roasted and ground for a healthy coffee substitute.
Winter - In northern climates, cattail root is difficult to collect, but not impossible if you can break through frozen ground and ice. In late winter, new shoots begin to emerge, once again providing a food source.
Cattail also has many other uses. The brown, tight heads are often dry at the core (even after heavy rain) and can be used as survival tinder. Likewise, dipping the head in oil or fat will create a useable torch. Similar to down, the head yields a fluffy wool when broken apart and serves as excellent insulation for pillows, mattresses and clothing. If lost in the wilderness, a makeshift bed made with cattail down will help protect against heat loss, while the long leaves of the plant can be woven into mats and shelters. Medicinally, the gel found within the leaves act as a topical anesthetic. And a poultice made from the roots will soothe stings, burns and cuts.
Before trotting off to reap the benefits of cattail, a word of warning from Kat Morgenstern of Sacred Earth:
"Personally I do not harvest any roots or shoots in order to avoid negatively impacting next year's growth. The pollen and the cobs are by far the safest and easiest parts to collect. Furthermore, it requires some skill to distinguish young cattails from young Yellow Irises - which are poisonous, so unless you are an experienced forager and know how to distinguish these plants before their flowering parts appear, it may be better to leave those young plants alone.
"Last, but not least, cattail is said to have a certain emmenagogue action and should therefore be avoided during pregnancy."
Learn more:


text:
CARBON, the element that is essential to all life, has sprung a baffling surprise on chemists. An analysis of the 7 million or so known organic compounds has shown that a significantly higher proportion contain even numbers of carbon atoms than odd numbers. Yet carbon chemistry is so diverse that the number of compounds with odd and even numbers should be roughly equal.
"We found this completely by accident," says Gautam Desiraju, professor of chemistry at the University of Hyderabad in India. Desiraju was studying the phenomenon of crystal polymorphism, in which individual organic compounds adopt a variety of crystal structures. While he was screening a database of 150 000 carbon-based crystal structures, he realised that it contained about 15 per cent more compounds with an even number of carbons than odd. "I realised this was something serious," he says."
When Desiraju told Jack Dunitz of the Swiss Federal Institute...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The 3M(TM) Organic Vapor/Acid Gas Cartridge/Filter 60923 P100 helps provide protection against certain organic vapors, acid gases and particulates in a variety of environments. The cartridge/filter combination may be used for respiratory protection from certain organic vapors, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, and non-oil and oil particulate concentrations up to 10 times the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) with half facepieces or 50 times PEL with quantitatively fit tested full facepieces. This cartridge/filter is not for use in environments that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). Recommended applications for the cartridge/filter include chemical manufacturing, laboratories, petrochemical, and pharmaceuticals. Inventory needs and training requirements for safety equipment are reduced because this respirator cartridge/filter selection works for many different applications. This cartridge/filter is commonly used in the following industries: chemicals, general manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals.This organic vapor/acid gas cartridge/filter works with 3M(TM) Half and Full Facepieces 6000, 7000 and FF-400 Series with bayonet attachment holders. The cartridge is NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) approved for environments containing acid gases and non-oil and oil particulates. The cartridge has been assigned the color code "Magenta/Yellow" in the NIOSH system. Breathing organic vapors, acid gases and particulates can pose a risk to your health. NIOSH, a Federal government regulatory agency, has tested and approved the 3M(TM) Organic Vapor/Acid Gas Cartridge/Filter 60923 to help reduce exposure to certain organic vapors, acid gases and particulates.


Video encyclopedia
29/09/1954 The convention establishing CERN is signed
What is CERN Large Hadron Collider LHC? End of the World?
Dark Energy, Black Holes, Other Dimensions? CERN Scientist Sums up What They're Doing at CERN
The convention establishing CERN was ratified in 1954 by 12 countries in Europe. The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, meaning European Council for Nuclear Research, which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 European governments in 1952.


text:
> Plant resource >
Benefits of plants
Plant care tips
Benefits of Trees
Quick facts on the benefits of trees
Counteracting Environmental Stress
Acid rain and plants
The Financial Benefits of Green Spaces
The financial benefits of green spaces
Indoor Plants for Cleaner Air
Avoid Sick Building Syndrome.
Lawn and Turf Benefits
A natural air-conditioner and noise filter.
Xeriscaping, not Zeroscaping
A perfect garden watered only by nature.
The Environmental Benefits of Green Spaces
The environmental benefits of green spaces


Shou Sugi Ban (burnt cypress) is a traditional Japanese technique in which coniferous wood is charred on one side. Traditionally, this was done by binding three boards together to form a chimney and starting a fire at the bottom. The original reason for charring was, ironically, fire prevention. As Japanese houses were mostly made of wood, inhabitants of the villages and towns were very aware of fire risks. The scorching of the façades created a fire-retardant carbon layer. They also discovered that this layer offered good protection against vermin and fungus. The ancient art of Shou Sugi Ban is still being used on houses on the islands of Kanawa's prefecture. Shou Sugi Ban or Yakisugi ties in with the Japanese life philosophy of Wabi Sabi, and the pure vision of beauty.
Does the carbon layer always stay the same?
This depends on the type, but in principle the carbon layer of our burnt wood weathers under the influence of wind, rain and hail. The lifespan of the carbon layer depends on the orientation of the facade and the location of the building. The black carbon layer of our burnt wood ages over the years and then acquires a beautiful patina (weathering), such as a light sheen, or a craquelé surface, for example. The natural aging and weathering over time does not detract from the visual appeal, on the contrary, it contributes to it! This fits within the above-mentioned Japanese philosophy of life of Wabi Sabi. On the product data sheets of our products (downloadable on the product page), you can see how the wood ages.
For indoor use we always fix the charred wood. For the exterior we often advise not to fix the wood. This ensures that the charred wood retains a beautiful, natural shine and is also more durable than when the wood is fixed. In the course of time the release of the wood will decrease and for a number of variants this will eventually stop. Most burned types of wood, also for exterior use, can also be fixed if desired. We will be happy to advise you about this.
How do I maintain the wood?
Unfixed planks with a carbon layer do not require any maintenance.
Planks that have been burned and brushed have a stain or oil layer. This wood requires periodic maintenance every three to six years. If you do not maintain Shodoshima / Takamatsu / Sakaide exterior, the stain layer will eventually harden and flake. Below this, the white wood will emerge and 'age'.
The product specification sheet that you will find on each product page explains exactly if and what maintenance the different products need.


Your internet guide to
all things catfish
Brackish Water Catfish
Dr. Neale Monks
Neale Monks is editor and senior author of Brackish Water Fishes, published by TFH and due out this summer (2006). He is the brackish water 'expert' in Practical Fishkeeping Magazine, and has been maintaining a popular FAQ on the topic for over 10 years.
The Salt-allergy Myth
ne of the most persistent myths in fishkeeping is that catfish are allergic to salt. The rationalisation behind this is that because catfish lack scales (which is true) they are much more sensitive to the osmotic effect of brackish water (which is nonsense). Consider this: moray eels also lack scales, yet virtually all of them live in the sea, with only a handful being found in brackish or fresh water.
The ability of a fish to control the flow of salts and water in and out of its body depends not on whether it has scales or not, but on its overall physiology. This, in turn, depends on the how evolution has modified that species to fit into a particular environment. Catfish adapted to soft water habitats, for example, are indeed unlikely to to do well in a brackish water aquarium, but the same holds true for all the other soft water aquarium fish, such as barbs, tetras, loaches, gouramis, and so on. What might come as a surprise to many catfish enthusiasts is that there are lots of catfish adapted to brackish water environments, and there are two families that are primarily marine in distribution, containing relatively few species that inhabit completely freshwater environments. These are the families Ariidae and Plotosidae, known as the sea catfish and eel catfish respectively. A few other families, including the Aspredinidae, Bagridae, Clariidae, Ictaluridae, Siluridae, and Loricariidae, include species that either tolerate brackish water or are found primarily in brackish water, further shattering the myth of catfish as being allergic to salt.
Brackish water plecs
Easily the question I get asked most often is whether or not plecs can be kept in a brackish water aquarium. The short answer is probably not, but the long answer is a much more complex than that.
To begin with, there are species of loricariid catfish that are apparently adapted to slightly brackish water habitats. In aquaristic terms, that would correspond to a specific gravity, or SG, of around 1.003 to 1.005. Hypostomus ventromaculatus is one such species, being found primarily in the Amazon estuary and according to FishBase only within the tidal, brackish water region of the river. Another species, Hypostomus watwata, is also common in slightly brackish environments, even being found living among mangrove tree roots. While these fish sound like ideal additions to a low-salinity brackish aquarium alongside things like mollies, gobies, and dwarf cichlids, the problem is that they are not traded much, if at all
Hypostomus plecostomus
Hypostomus plecostomus
is another species known to inhabit slightly brackish water, though in this case such observations have often been made outside of its natural range. In Florida, for example, where this fish has become widely established, it is quite commonly found in slightly brackish water.
Of course the main problem with using this species in the brackish water aquarium is that while the name Hypostomus plecostomus is commonly used in aquarium books and magazines to refer to the standard issue, common or garden plec, it is hardly ever the species available for sale. You are far more likely to find species of Liposarcus or Pterygoblichthys masquerading as "common plecs" in most aquarium stores.
Freshwater catfish that occur in brackish water
A number of catfish families include species that tolerate brackish water even if they don't need it. Siluris glanis, for example, one of the Siluridae, is normally found in freshwater rivers but can also be the slightly brackish water fringing the Baltic and Caspian seas. The same holds true for various species of clariid and ictaluriid catfish. These fish probably don't have any specific adaptations to brackish water, it's just that they are incredibly hardy and tolerant of sub-optimal conditions. Ictalurus punctatus in particular thrives in low salinity brackish water aquaria, though its large adult size and predatory nature do limit its usefulness.
Brackish water specialists
Mystus gulio
Catfish that tolerate brackish water are one thing, but species that actually prefer brackish water conditions are something else. Mystus gulio is one such species. It is a large bagrid catfish known in its natural range (South and South East Asia) as the estuarine catfish, a good indication of its preferred habitat. It is large (45 cm), silvery, schooling catfish that has only rarely been traded as an aquarium fish. Superficially similar in form and habit to the popular Colombian shark catfish (discussed below) it contrasts with that species in requiring slightly rather than strongly brackish water. It is adaptable though, and is common in completely freshwater rivers, and is even sometimes found in the sea. Nonetheless, for optimal health, this fish should be kept in slightly brackish water around the SG 1.005 mark. While not recommended for use alongside scats or monos, which prefer more strongly brackish conditions, this would be a fine companion for large sleeper gobies, green chromides, Siamese tigers (Datnioides spp.), and other large but peaceful, low salinity, brackish water fish.
It should be noted that Mystus gulio is unique among Mystus species in being a brackish water specialist; most of the other Mystus species sold as aquarium fish are strictly freshwater animals and should be maintained accordingly.
Bunocephalus coracoideus
Another group of catfish primarily associated with freshwater habitats but including a few brackish water specialists are the banjo catfish. The small species, like the ever-popular Bunocephalus coracoideus, are entirely freshwater fish, but it is the larger ones, such as Aspredinichthys, Aspredo, and Platystacus spp., that are the brackish water specialists.
These big banjos typically grow to around 20 to 30 cm, but are otherwise very similar to the dwarf species in terms of habits and requirements. In the wild they are normally found in coastal regions, though not always in brackish water, but they are not found in the sea. Like Mystus gulio, a low salinity suits them best, although they can be maintained in freshwater aquaria too, provided the water is not too soft or acid.
Marine catfish
When it comes to salty water, two catfish families stand out: the Ariidae and the Plotosidae. The Ariidae is perhaps the best known to freshwater fishkeepers, with one species, Hexanematichthys seemanni, being very Hexanematichthys seemanni
widely sold as the Colombian shark catfish. This is a large family (around 120 species) with representatives to be found along the coastlines of all the continents except Europe and Antarctica. Australia has a number of species that have secondarily become truly freshwater fish, presumably in the absence of competition from other catfish families, but ariids are otherwise completely marine animals that only migrate into rivers when foraging for food. The Colombian shark catfish, for example, while sold as a brackish water fish, is best kept in a marine aquarium.
The Plotosidae are a smaller family (around 30 species are known) that are confined to the Indo-West Pacific. Oddly enough, most of them are strictly freshwater fish found in Australia and New Guinea, where they are known locally as "cobblers" or "tandans". Nonetheless, there's no question that the family evolved in the sea, and many of them still live there. Like the Australian freshwater ariids, the freshwater plotosids have presumably radiated to occupy the ecological niches in Australia and New Guinea that 'true' freshwater catfish occupy elsewhere.
Plotosus lineatus
Only a single species of plotosid has had had any impact on the hobby (outside of Australia, at least), Plotosus lineatus. Normally the neatly-marked juveniles are sold as a marine fish, but since the adults are 30 cm long and rather drab by comparison with most other ornamental marine fish, they haven't become at all popular. While they can be maintained in marine aquaria, they will do equally well in midto high-salinity brackish water tanks where the specific gravity is maintained at 1.010 or more.
Adults in particular seem to be very accommodating, and have even been found in completely fresh water. Plotosus lineatus is a schooling fish when young, but adults are territorial are usually end up being kept alone. They are predators, but will mix fine with fishes too large to eat, such as scats.
Just as catfish manage to span the range of ecological niches from herbivores to predators, from cold mountain streams to tropical swamps, so


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Class: sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio
Package: sdo.requirements
Evaluate damping ratio bound on linear system
c = evalRequirement(req,lin_sys)
c = evalRequirement(req,lin_sys) evaluates whether the poles of a linear system satisfies the specified damping ratio bound.
Input Arguments
sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio object.
Linear system (tf, ss, zpk, frd, genss, or genfrd).
Output Arguments
 - Signed distance of the damping ratio of each pole of the linear system to the bound, if the Type property of req is >=, <= or ==. Negative values indicate that the bound is satisfied while positive values indicate that the bound is violated. When ==, any value other than 0 indicates that the bound is violated.
 - Negative of the damping ratio such that minimizing the values maximizes the damping ratio, if the Type property of req is'max'.
Evaluate damping ratio requirement.
 req = sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio;
 sys = tf(0.5,[1 3 3 1]);
 c = evalRequirement(req,sys);
c is negative, which indicates that the system satisfies the damping ratio requirement.
See Also
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text:
How Can Social Learning Spice Up Your Existing Learning Strategy?
Bringing Light To The Smile Sheet: The Danger Of Complacency
Jane Hart – 12 Steps To Successful Social Learning at Work : Learning Technologies 2013
Development of tutorials and simulation to teach military aircraft engine maintenance.
Staff Training and Development Unit EPSS design and development.
Training section in Rosslyn Design of learning centre. Recruitment, training and support of a CAI development team. Design and development of a simulated filler panel to provide safe and cost-effective training. For this simulation, an actual filler panel replaced the standard computer keyboard.


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How to Use the Images
Photo 2 and3
Photo 1: Brown Chapel AME Church
(Alabama Historical Commission)
Questions for Photo 1
1. Look at this image carefully and describe what you see in your own words. What does the size and design of this building suggest about the importance of the church in Selma's African-American community?
2. Review Reading 2. How many references can you find to Brown Chapel (often called simply "the church")? What occurred there?
3. The congregation at Brown Chapel voted to allow their church to be used for the voting rights campaign, but some other congregations voted against participation. Why might other churches have wanted not to be involved? Why might Brown Chapel have agreed? What advantages might Brown Chapel have had as a center of the movement (refer to Map 2, if necessary?
4. Christian ministers, including Andrew Young, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph Abernathy, C. T. Vivian, and Frederick Reese, played important roles in the civil rights movement. Why do you think that was the case?
* The image on this screen has a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a larger version of Photo 1, but be aware that the file will take as much as 21 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem.


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Ship or Sheep?
This fully revised edition of the classic pronunciation title is now in full colour with updated artwork. Faithful to the original style, the book retains its simplicity, with the emphasis on minimal pairs, and makes pronunciation practice light-hearted and accessible. Each unit offers comprehensive practice of sounds, with additional work on stress and intonation, and the accompanying audio CDs give lots of listening and pronunciation practice. The book is available in a pack (comprising book and 4 audio CDs) for self-study, or separately for classroom use. Unlike the original edition, there is no separate Teacher's Book. For Ship or Sheep? resources, see 'More to Explore' below.
Key Features of this Title
- EASY TO USE Full teaching rubrics allow the material to be used both for self-study and classroom use. Stand-alone units allow you to focus on sounds which you find difficult.
- SYSTEMATIC Each unit offers comprehensive practice of sounds, with additional work on stress and intonation.
- MORE AUDIO Four audio CDs give lots of listening and pronunciation practice.
- FULL COLOUR Attractive full colour artwork aids understanding and makes the material memorable.


Invertebrate abundance and health are acquatic biomonitoring indicators to evaluate the effects of water pollution and climate change.
STINAPA is monitoring invertebrate abundance in Lac Bay, Bonaire since 1999 at irregular time intervals. During monitoring the species and the number of individuals of that species is counted at 66 different locations.


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Space still available for this workshop:
Though there's more educational media—images, audio, video, learning interactives – out there than ever, there's a bottleneck keeping instructors from using it. The academic culture of information sharing comes up against the restrictions of copyright law with increasing frequency these days, restricting faculty to using expensive for-profit resources or putting in valuable time re-inventing the wheel to provide instructional materials for their classes. However, there are
alternatives. The Creative Commons and Copyleft communities provide ways to freely share and use educational materials with our colleagues across the globe—a model that's working well for schools as diverse as MIT and
the Montessori Teachers Collective.
(Jointly sponsored by the Library, ITS, and the Art Department)
Jennifer Heise and Sonja Sekely-Rowland will discuss what Creative Commons and CopyLeft are, how they can be used, and how to find resources for your classes that are under these licenses.
Library Staff Room, Thursday March 29, 4 PM to 5 PM
Please contact Jennifer Heise (_EMAIL_) or _PHONE_ to sign up or to find out more.


Advanced Sales Training: When Prospects Hide Their Excitement
How can you recognize when a prospective client is pleased with your proposal but doesn't want to admit it? How do you know that what you're saying is well-received by the listener? Through reading body language, you can use your knowledge about micro-expressions and look for an expression that conveys happiness.
Happiness is used to describe a positive emotion and includes the emotions of acceptance, joy, confirmation, approval, anticipation, and excitement. When a person is happy, he or she generally smiles to show like or agreement. In a business setting, it is often advantageous to conceal this pleasure in order to negotiate a better position or gain leverage. A salesperson, for example, can use this advanced sales training technique to their advantage when talking to a prospect. Observing when a person shows the micro-expression for happiness will allow you to see if a person approves of your project, presentation, or proposal.
Advanced Body Language Training: Images of Happiness
Observe the following expressions below. The second image is not a micro-expression (it lasts for more than half a second) but still fully illustrates the expression of happiness.
micro curl large smile
To show approval, a client may smile with the eye muscles contracting to show a real and genuine smile. This smile is a macro-expression, staying on the face for more than half a second. It is full expression of the emotion happiness. Eyes that curl at the corners ("smiling with your eyes") suggests a genuine smile.
The first image is a micro-expression for the same emotion, happiness. A person's lips will curl symmetrically at the corners. Utilize the sales training technique of recognizing the micro-expression on a person's face to read what a prospect isn't saying. If you can understand the words unspoken, you can shape your presentation accordingly.
Imagine that you are in the middle of a presentation, and you see a client nod in agreement while curling his or her lips slightly as the image to the right illustrates. As the executive or salesperson, it would be safe to assume that the micro-expression of the prospect reveals his or her approval of your proposal at that moment. In response, you will likely continue your presentation without much adjustment, perhaps speaking with more enthusiasm.
Recognizing and understanding micro-expressions is an advanced sales training technique. A salesperson or executive can use micro-expressions to determine whether a prospect is pleased with his or her presentation. If a prospect's face displays an expression that matches either of these photographs, he or she is showing happiness and agrees with what you are saying.
A smile's easy for all of us to notice. It's when the smile is being used to mask fear, sadness, anger, even contempt. Will you be aware of how to spot when the smile's not genuine? If not, your business communications can be weakened. To learn how to spot when a smile's being used as a mask, make a point to enhance your body language training by learning about micro-expressions.
micro test
Mark Anthony presents sales training and customer service workshops. For more tips or information on training and one-on-one coaching, contact him at


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Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea that is counted as one of the 26 regions of France (called Metropolitan France). Not being located in mainland France, it is designated as a territorial collectivity.
Corsica is separated from Metropolitan France, to which it belongs, by the Ligurian Sea. It was briefly an independent state known as the Corsican Republic, before being incorporated into France in 1769. The island covers 8,680 sq km (3,351 sq mi) and has a population of 302,000 (2011 estimate). Its capital is Ajaccio, the birthplace of Napoléon Bonaparte.
Corsica has 1,000 kilometers of coastline. It measures 183 km in length and 83 km in width. Corsica is a mountainous island. It has more than 20 summits which are more than 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in height. The highest peak on Corsica is Monte Cinto, at 2,706 m (8,878 ft).


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What Are Mineral Rights?
Mineral Rights: the rights to the natural resources lying below the earth's surface. Any transfer of land may be accomplished with or without the transfer of the subsurface rights. Normally, the term "mineral" is considered to include almost anything of value found under the earth's surface. However, the term ordinarily does not include commonplace materials such as soil, sand, gravel, clay, and water.
In the United States the law creates a difference between surface rights and mineral rights. Surface rights include the right to build or farm on the land while mineral rights include the right to mine the property.
The United States is one of the few nations that allow private ownership of underground mineral resources. When reserved the owner of the mineral rights can then enter into contracts and agreements to mine and extract the minerals which may or may not include royalty payments to the surface owners.
Now, Who Owns Them?
Starting in April of this year (2013) the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) has begun to reserve mineral, oil, and gas rights in any real property it conveys in the US. This new policy applies to all FDIC owned residential and commercial property except for condominium units and real property valued at $50K or less. The FDIC's closing instructions will have an addendum addressing the reservation requirement and require the deed to contain the reservation.
If you wish to purchase the mineral rights from the FDIC you may do so, however, a specific price must be negotiated for the rights separate from the rest of the property.


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How to Create a Snapshot With the Oracle ILOM Web Interface SUN Server
Posted by on 07 April 2016 01:24 PM
This procedure requires Administration (a) permission.
- Log in to the Oracle ILOM web interface.
- Select Snapshot from the Maintenance tab.
The Service Snapshot Utility screen appears.
- Select the data set you want: Normal, FRU ID, Full, or Custom.
- Normal – Specifies that Oracle ILOM, operating system, and hardware information is collected.
- FRU ID – Provides FRU ID information.
- Full – Specifies that all data is collected. Selecting Full might reset the system.
- Custom – Allows you to choose one or more of the following data sets:
Oracle ILOM data
Basic OS data
- Select the Enabled check box if you want to collect only log files from the data set.
- Select the Enabled check box if you want to encrypt the output file.
- Select one of the following methods to transfer the output file:
- Click Run.
A Save As dialog box appears.
- In the dialog box, specify the directory to which to save the file and the file name.
- Click OK.
The utility places a zip file in the specified directory.
- Unzip the file to access the data produced by the snapshot.


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Life Science Student Text (3rd ed.)
Life Science Student Text (3rd edition) provides a thorough overview of the life sciences but now in two volumes with larger format and single-column text. Activity pages with color illustrations and photographs are included in the back of the student text. Objectives are listed at the beginning of each section, and self quizzes and regular review questions are at the end of each chapter. There is increased emphasis on Bible integration as well as career features, increased compliance with national and state science standards, enhanced appendices on classification and biomes, and an expanded glossary and index.
The following resources are available at bjupress.com:
Rated 4.5 out of 5 by 2 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by HJGHG Hard Cover Would Be Better We plan to use another science curriculum next year because of the cost of this text. This is primarily because the text is soft cover and contains the students' work pages. Most publishers at this level have a hard text and a seperate workbook, which is much less expensive. We are having to find ways to cut our costs, and this is by far are most expensive curriculum item. June 12, 2013
Rated 4 out of 5 by CitrusTeacher Life Science Student Text Review Use this text in a class of 14. The text is understandable by the students and what is not understood I am able to explain. Labs at times, are difficult as resources are limited. Labs that can make use of more 'household' type items and equipment would be welcome. March 10, 2013
1-2 of 2


Emergency Medicine Book
Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Aka: Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma, Blunt Abdominal Injury in Children, Pediatric Abdominal Trauma
 1. See Also
 1. Pediatric Trauma
 2. Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma Decision Rule
 3. Pediatric Abdominal Pain
 2. Epidemiology
 1. Splenic Rupture and Liver Laceration are the most common blunt abdominal injuries in children
 3. Precautions
 1. See Pediatric Trauma
 2. Children hide hemodynamic instability from Hemorrhage
 1. Children compensate even with Massive Hemorrhage until they precipitously, hemodynamically collapse
 3. Children are higher risk for serious injury following blunt Abdominal Trauma
 1. Compact torso with large organ to body mass ratios (concentrated in a tight Abdomen)
 2. Large organs not fully protected by rib margin, and minimal abdominal fat and musculature
 4. Communication challenges
 1. Preverbal children
 2. Crying or fearful
 3. Adolescents may not be forthcoming of all aspects of injury
 5. Consider Nonaccidental Trauma
 1. Findings not consistent with history of injury
 4. History
 1. Mechanism of injury
 2. Restraints or protective equipment
 1. Review with parents and EMS which restraints were present at the scene (e.g. MVA)
 2. Improper Car Restraint use (e.g. premature transition from Booster Seat) is associated with greater injury risk
 3. Site of impact (e.g. handlebar injury to the duodenum)
 4. Underlying conditions
 1. Bleeding Disorder (e.g. Hemophilia)
 2. Splenomegaly (e.g. Mononucleosis)
 3. Weak or absent abdominal muscles (e.g. Eagle-Barrett Syndrome)
 5. Exam
 1. See Trauma Primary Survey
 2. See Trauma Secondary Survey
 6. Signs: Higher Risk Findings
 1. See Pediatric Trauma
 2. Low systolic Blood Pressure
 1. Ominious finding that may herald imminent cardiovascular collapse
 2. See Pediatric Vital Signs
 3. Kehr Sign
 1. Left Shoulder Pain referred from left upper quadrant and splenic region
 4. Decreased mental status (GCS<15)
 5. Seat Belt Sign
 1. Erythema, Ecchymosis or abrasion across the Abdomen secondary to the Seat Belt restraint
 2. Mildly associated (RR 1.6) with intraabdominal hollow viscus injury (but not solid organ injury)
 3. Intraabdominal injuries in 5.7% of children without Abdominal Pain, tenderness (2% required surgery)
 4. However, Seat Belt Sign is present in only 73% with significant intra-Abdominal Trauma
 5. Mahajan (2015) Acad Emerg Med 22(9): 1034-41 [PubMed]
 6. Peritoneal signs (Abdominal Distention, guarding, rebound, rigidity)
 7. Pelvic instability
 8. Femur Fracture
 9. Abdominal tenderness or pain
 1. Present in most children with Abdominal Trauma and typically non-specific
 2. Correlate with other abdominal findings
 3. Abdominal Pain and tenderness Test Sensitivity for intraabdominal injury drops with GCS
 1. Test Sensitivity 79% for GCS 15
 2. Test Sensitivity 51-57% for GCS 14
 3. Test Sensitivity 32-37% for GCS 13
 4. Adelgais (2014) J Pediatr 165(6): 1230-5 [PubMed]
 7. Labs: Higher Risk Findings
 1. Bedside Glucose (fingerstick Glucose)
 2. Serum Lipase increased
 1. Positive Predictive Value: 75% (highest of the Abdominal Injury markers)
 3. Increased transaminase Liver Function Tests (AST >200, ALT >125)
 1. Negative Predictive Value: 71% (highest of the Abdominal Injury markers)
 4. Hematocrit <30% (initial on presentation)
 5. Urinalysis with Microscopic Hematuria (or certainly Gross Hematuria)
 1. Urine Red Blood Cells (urine RBC) >5 rbc/hpf
 1. Otherwise well appearing child with benign exam
 1. Consider renal Ultrasound (or FAST Exam)
 2. Observe and repeat Urinalysis
 2. Other physical findings or lab abnormalities suggesting Renal Injury
 1. CT Abdomen
 2. Urine catheterization typically yields <5 rbc/hpf
 1. Sklar (1986) Am J Emerg Med 4(1): 14-6 [PubMed]
 6. Other testing to consider
 1. Urine Pregnancy Test (or serum Qualitative hCG)
 8. Imaging
 1. FAST Exam
 1. Helpful if positive (esp. hemoperitoneum)
 2. High False Negative Rate in children
 1. Of those with significant solid organ injury on CT Abdomen, 33% had no free fluid on FAST Exam
 2. Scaife (2013) J Pediatr Surg 48(6): 1377-83 [PubMed]
 2. CT Abdomen and Pelvis (with IV Contrast but no Oral Contrast)
 1. See Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma Decision Rule for indications
 2. See CT-associated Radiation Exposure for risks
 3. False Negatives (esp. hollow viscus injury) if performed early after injury
 4. Normal CT in blunt Abdominal Trauma is reassuring
 1. Negative Predictive Value: 99.8% for significant intraabdominal injury
 2. Lower Test Sensitivity for pancreatic injury or bowel injury
 3. Misses 2 cases in 1000 of intraabdominal injury requiring immediate intervention
 4. Misses 5 cases in 1000 of intraabdominal injury overall
 5. Kerrey (2013) Ann Emerg Med 62(4):319-26 +PMID:23622949 [PubMed]
 9. Differential Diagnosis
 1. Early presentations
 1. Hemorrhagic Shock
 2. Liver Laceration
 3. Splenic Rupture
 4. Diaphragmatic Rupture
 5. Duodenal or jejunal Laceration (esp. handlebar injury)
 6. Pancreatic Laceration
 7. Bowel injury
 2. Delayed presentations
 1. Pancreatic Pseudocysts
 1. Surgery indicated for large cysts (>5 cm), Pancreas rupture, Hemorrhage, infection or gastric outlet obstruction
 2. Duodenal hematoma
 1. May present as Small Bowel Obstruction (confirmed with CT Abdomen)
 2. Nonoperative management with gastrointestinal decompression
 3. Hematobilia
 1. Presents up to 4 weeks after injury with Biliary Colic, Obstructive Jaundice and Upper GI Bleeding
 2. Confirmed with CT Abdomen and managed surgically
 10. Evaluation
 1. CT Imaging indications
 1. See Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma Decision Rule
 2. Abnormal lab testing (e.g. AST, ALT, Lipase, UA)
 2. Hemodynamic instability findings indicating surgical intervention
 1. Altered Mental Status
 2. Significant Tachycardia
 3. Hypotension
 4. Capillary Refill prolonged
 5. Pallor
 6. Decreased Urine Output
 7. Altered pulse quality (e.g. weak and thready)
 8. Unresponsive to IV fluids
 9. Unresponsive to Blood Transfusions (esp. >40 ml/kg)
 11. Management
 1. Blunt Abdominal Trauma (>90% of cases)
 1. Initial evaluation
 1. Trauma Primary Survey and Trauma Secondary Survey
 2. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST Exam)
 3. Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma Decision Rule
 2. Stable child with a negative FAST Exam and a negative decision rule
 1. Consider observation and serial abdominal


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If you haven't been to the Raise the Roof exhibit at the Science Museum of Virginia, you don't know what you're missing. It's an interactive exhibit for kids of all ages right here in Richmond, VA. It's also engaging and entertaining for parents, grandparents, and all adults.
A tour of the exhibit with Nancy Tait, Manager of Communications and Stories at the Museum, gave me an inside view of the exhibit.
Raise the Roof offers hands-on experimentation with:
- Creating a structure
- Constructing a dome using simple machines
- Stepping into the world of Mongolian culture in a yurt
- Building your own trusses and testing tension, compression, and gravity
This incredible exhibit offers an opportunity to learn more about steel, concrete, and glass and how they come together to create massive structures. There are lessons about wind velocity and the effects of storms and natural disasters on buildings. They show how properly designed structures can withstand these natural elements.
An exciting part of the exhibit is seeing how experts are able to implode buildings. They include a demonstration of how explosives are meticulously placed throughout walls and structures to bring a building down on itself - without touching neighboring structures.
Kids will enjoy the many interactive elements of the exhibit where they can build a doghouse to withstand elements of weather. They can also build their own structures using Kapla blocks. These unique blocks are intended to be stacked and remain in place thanks to gravity. They do not have snaps or interlocking parts and are not meant to be used with glue. Kids build all types of structures with these wooden blocks.


Movie: Crystal mysteries
Discover the intricacies that lie at the junction of science and art.
© Australian Museum
S Humphreys (photos)
D White (text and video production)
Script Writer:
D White
A scientific marvel in the field of art? Or an artistic marvel in the field of science? Either way, mystery still surrounds these glass models of marine invertebrates made in 1880 by the famous German father and son team, Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka.
For over 150 years, artists have attempted to uncover the unique methods used to create such intricate and beautiful models. Some have succeeded but some mysteries still remain.
The Blaschkas may have taken their exclusive techniques to the grave, but they have left behind evidence of what occurs at the junction of science and art.
Last Updated:
Tags blaschka, sea anemones, glass models, archives, collections, digital stories,


Q.1) An effective law can convert the crisis of stubble burning into opportunity. Analyze the above statement and identify the issues related to stubble burning in India. (15 marks - 250 words)
Why this question? - The Centre is planning to bring a law to address air pollution as well as check stubble burning in Delhi as well as the surrounding National Capital Region.
Intro - It is a common practice followed by farmers to prepare fields for sowing of wheat (in November) as there is little time left between the harvesting of paddy and sowing of wheat.
Body -
 - Why farmers opt for such practices.
 - Impact of stubble burning.
 - Need of a law and its salient features.
Way ahead - Effective implementation of law and need to explore other alternatives.
Conclusion - Summarize based on above discussion.
Q.2) A health system cannot only be about the supply side, it has to keep in mind how to involve citizens and the people it is trying to serve. Discuss the above statement in the light of challenges faced by India's health sector as a result of Covid outbreak. (15 marks - 250 words)
Why this question? - As the global pandemic is marching on, the most important lesson to be learnt is the significance of investing in public health and primary healthcare.
Intro - A brief about the health sector in India.
Body -
 - Major issues faced by India's health sector
 - Lessons taught by pandemic
Way ahead - Strengthening institutional mechanisms and capacities: In regulatory bodies, research centres and public health institutions.
 - This will help to involve citizens and the people it is trying to serve and have them involved in developing the services that are brought to them.
Conclusion - Summarize based on above discussion.
Q.3) While the development of the Quad has taken centre stage, other geographies such as West Asia are the new arenas of competition between New Delhi and Beijing. Analyze. (250 words)
Why this question?
 - The year 2020 has been a watershed moment for relations between India and China following the most serious clashes between the two countries in the Galwan region of Ladakh since the 1962 war. These events have had a cascading effect on India and China's foreign policy.
Introduction: Mention the recent instances of India and China rivalry in West Asia.
 - India's West Asia policy:
 - Improved relations
 - Balancing act of diplomacy in West Asia
 - Significance of India and China for West Asia
 - Significance of West Asia for India and China
 - Challenges:
 - China's advantage in West Asia like Iran China strategic deal
Conclusion: Summarize and suggest a way forward.
Q.4) Signing of BECA would allow India to use US expertise on geospatial intelligence and to enhance military accuracy of automated hardware systems. Comment (250 words)
Why this question?
U.S. Secretary of State and U.S. Defence Secretary are visiting India for the Third India-U.S. 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue.
Mention in brief 2+2 meet
 - Foundational agreements with US
 - LEMOA
 - BECA
 - Mention few details of BECA
 - The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement largely pertains to geospatial intelligence and sharing information on maps and satellite images for defence.
 - Mention few geopolitical implications of the deals
Summarize the above discussion


text:
Wayan Swantika of the local archaeology agency says workers digging a drainage basin last week in eastern Denpasar, Bali's capital, at first discovered a large stone about 1 meter (3 feet) underground.
Excavation teams have since uncovered a 57-meter (62-yard) structure that is believed to be the temple's foundation.
The find is still being analyzed, but given the shape and characteristics of the materials used, Swantika says he believes it was built sometime between the 13th and 15th centuries. He added that it is also thought to be the largest ancient temple ever discovered in Bali.
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


text:
Definition of trigeminal nerve in English:
Each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves, supplying the front part of the head and dividing into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.
- The most frequently involved cranial nerve dermatome is the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
- The circuit for this reflex comprises the trigeminal nerve, pons crossover, and motor innervation via the facial nerve.
- There is contiguous spread to the ipsilateral ACA and MCA via a perivascular plexus supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Definition of trigeminal nerve in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Over 14 tons of glass collected during Recycle Glass
The Glass Packaging Institute's (GPI) 2009 Recycle Glass
Week proved a success, with glass container manufacturers,
including Anchor Glass, O-I, Rocky Mountain Bottle Company
(RMBC), and Saint-Gobain Containers, Inc., collecting
over 14 tons of glass bottles, and counting, for recycling,
through events at their plants and in local communities.
The energy saved from the recycled glass collected is
equivalent to planting 128 trees.
In all, over 50 educational activities and public events
in 22 states were held during the week, building awareness
for glass bottle recycling across the United States.
Two events, in Colorado and Indiana, also lead to permanent
collection locations for glass container recycling.
Doubling the United States glass container recycling
rate (28 percent in 2007) would allow manufacturers to
use 50 percent recycled glass to make new glass containers,
saving enough energy to power 21,978 homes for one year
and removing 181,550 tons of waste from landfills every
During Recycle Glass Week, GPI also recognized seven
'Friends of Glass,' honoring those making significant
and innovative efforts to promote or participate in glass


text:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Primary School Teachers
Keywords:Job satisfaction, Intrinsic and extrinsic factors, Private school, Public school, Primary teachers
There are several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the level of job satisfaction of school teachers. This study aimed to comparatively identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors of job satisfaction among public and private primary school teachers in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the quantitative method, in which all public and private primary school teachers in Multan made up the total population of the study. Out of the total population size of 6330, a sample of 400 teachers was drawn through proportionate sampling techniques. A representative proportion of the sample was taken in accordance with the size of the population of each stratum, i.e., public and private, male and female. With respect to the category of school, 144 respondents were taken from private schools, and the rest (256) from public primary schools. Out of 400 respondents, 205 were female and 195 were male. Primary data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire that was built on a 5-point Likert scale with a total of 12 scales with 64 items. The overall study hypothesized that intrinsic factors such as respect, recognition, job quality, and personal growth (M = 3.04, SD = 1.0541) and extrinsic factors such as pay, promotion, management, coworkers' behavior, training, and job security (M = 3.03, SD = 1.0437) were equally influential on teachers' job satisfaction. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction between public and private school teachers (p =.001 <.05), indicating that private teachers were less satisfied with their jobs compared to public teachers.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2023 Tauqeer Abdullah, Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Syed Muhammad Uzair Shah, Shakir Ullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


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Important facts about condominium association bylaws in Michigan
When a Michigan resident decides to buy a condominium, there are great benefits to the purchase. That includes flexibility and a community-minded place to live where everyone takes part in maintenance, has certain amenities and there are aspects of the residence that are inclusive. Still, people should be aware of the requirements they must adhere to when buying. The condominium association laws can be complicated. There are bylaws that developments will have in place and owners are required to follow them. From the viewpoint of the association, it is important to make sure the bylaws are clear.
What will be in the bylaws?
Owners are required to pay certain fees as owners in the development. That includes maintenance fees and its assessments. Some bylaws have limits on monthly fees that must be paid. If there are no limits, the association can determine the amount as it sees fit. Disputes can arise over this and the association should be legally protected. When there are common elements such as a parking area or road, the owners are responsible for paying a portion of it. This too will be determined by the association. Assessments can have restrictions. If there is not a restriction, the association can decide on this amount. People who do not pay what they owe could eventually have a lien put on their property.
Often, people want to make improvements to their residence. That could require approval from the association and other owners. People who move forward with repairs without approval could be confronted with legal action. An association that is facing this challenge must know what legal remedies are available. Some associations have rules that regulate issues like pets, renting the property to another person, what can be displayed outside and more. These should be detailed in the bylaws to avoid confusion. Factors that will cause a material impact on co-owners will make a vote necessary to approve or disapprove it. The bylaws also say who can attend association meetings.
Legal assistance can be helpful to condominium associations
Any problem with a condominium association is often seen from the perspective of an owner of a unit and how they are dealing with supposedly onerous requirements based on the bylaws. However, these bylaws are in place to make certain that everyone follows to the rules and protect unit owners. Having legal help with amending, drafting, updating and ensuring the adherence to bylaws can be crucial and having legal advice may be key. A firm with experience in homeowner association law and condominium association law should be contacted for guidance and representation.
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|Look up calque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
In linguistics, a calque (//) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation. When used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new lexeme in the target language. For instance, the English word "skyscraper" led to calques in dozens of other languages. Another notable example is the Latin weekday names, which came to be associated by ancient Germanic speakers with their own gods following a practice known as interpretatio germanica: the Latin "Day of Mercury", Mercurii dies, was borrowed into Late Proto-Germanic as the "Day of Wōđanaz" (*Wodanesdag), which became Wōdnesdæg in Old English, then "Wednesday" in Modern English.
The term calque itself is a loanword from the French noun calque ("tracing, imitation, close copy"), while the word loanword is a calque of the German noun Lehnwort. Calquing is distinct from phono-semantic matching: while calquing includes semantic translation, it does not consist of phonetic matching—i.e., of retaining the approximate sound of the borrowed word by matching it with a similar-sounding pre-existing word or morpheme in the target language.
Proving that a word is a calque sometimes requires more documentation than does an untranslated loanword because, in some cases, a similar phrase might have arisen in both languages independently. This is less likely to be the case when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the borrowing language, or when the calque contains less obvious imagery.
One system classifies calques into five groups. However, this terminology is not universal:
- Phraseological calques: idiomatic phrases are translated word for word. For example, "it goes without saying" calques the French ça va sans dire.
- Syntactic calques: syntactic functions or constructions of the source language are imitated in the target language, in violation of their meaning.
- Loan-translations: words are translated morpheme by morpheme, or component by component, into another language.
- Semantic calques (also known as semantic loans): additional meanings of the source word are transferred to the word with the same primary meaning in the target language. As described below, the "computer mouse" was named in English for its resemblance to the animal; many other languages have extended their own native word for "mouse" to include the computer mouse.
- Morphological calques: the inflection of a word is transferred. Some authors call a this a morpheme-by-morpheme translation.
Also, some linguists refer to a phonological calque, in which the pronunciation of a word is imitated in the other language. For example, the English word "radar" becomes the similar-sounding Chinese word 雷达 (pinyin: léidá)., which literally means "to arrive (as fast) as thunder".
Partial calques, or loan blends, translate some parts of a compound but not others. For example, the name of the Irish digital television service "Saorview" is a partial calque of that of the UK service "Freeview", translating the first half of the word from English to Irish but leaving the second half unchanged. Other examples include "liverwurst" (< German Leberwurst) and "apple strudel" (< German Apfelstrudel).
The common English phrase "flea market" is a loan translation of the French marché aux puces ("market with fleas"). At least 22 other languages also calque the French expression (directly, or indirectly through some other language).
Another example of a common morpheme-by-morpheme loan-translation, is of the English word "skyscraper", which may be calqued using the word for "sky" or "cloud" and the word, variously, for "scraping", "scratching", "piercing", "sweeping", "kissing", etc. At least 54 languages have their own versions of the English word.
translātiō and trāductiō
All Germanic languages (except for English, Icelandic, and Dutch), and some Slavic languages, calqued their words for "translation" from the Latin translātiō, substituting their respective Germanic or Slavic root words for the Latin roots. The remaining Slavic languages instead calqued their words for "translation" from an alternative Latin word, trāductiō, itself derived from trādūcō ("to lead across" or "to bring across")—from trans ("across") + dūcō, ("to lead" or "to bring").
The West and East Slavic languages (except for Russian) adopted the translātiō pattern, whereas Russian and the South Slavic languages adopted the trāductiō pattern. The Romance languages, deriving directly from Latin, did not need to calque their equivalent words for "translation". Instead, they simply adapted the second of the two alternative Latin words, trāductiō.
The English verb "to translate" was borrowed from the Latin translātiō, rather than being calqued. The Icelandic word þýða ("translate"; cognate with the German deuten, "to interpret") was not calqued from Latin, nor was it borrowed.
The "computer mouse" was named in English for its resemblance to the animal. Many other languages use their word for "mouse" for the "computer mouse", sometimes using a diminutive or, in Chinese, adding the word "cursor" (thus "鼠标", "mouse cursor").. At least 35 languages have their own versions of the English term.
- Gachelin, Jean-Marc (1986). Lexique-grammaire, domaine anglais. Université de Saint-Etienne. p. 97. ISBN 978-2-901559-14-6.
- Simek, Rudolf (1993). Dictionary of northern mythology. D.S. Brewer. p. 371. ISBN 0-85991-369-4.
- Knapp, Robbin D. 27 January 2011. "Robb: German English Words." Robb: Human Languages.
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003). Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.
- Smith, May. The Influence of French on Eighteenth-century Literary Russian. pp. 29–30.
- Fowler, H. W. 1999. "Vocabulary § Foreign Words." chap. 1 in The King's English (2nd ed.). New York: Bartelby.com.
- Gilliot, Claude. "The Authorship of the Qur'ān." In The Qur'an in its Historical Context, edited by G. S. Reynolds. p. 97.
- Yihua, Zhang, and Guo Qiping. 2010. "An Ideal Specialised Lexicography for Learners in China based on English-Chinese Specialised Dictionaries." Pp. 171–92 in Specialised Dictionaries for Learners, edited by P. A. F. Olivera. Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 187.
- Durkin, Philip. The Oxford Guide to Etymology. § 5.1.4
- "flea market", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth edition, 2000 Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
- The 22 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- The 54 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- Christopher Kasparek, "The Translator's Endless Toil", The Polish Review, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p. 83.
- "Þýða í Enska - Íslenska-Enska Orðabók". Glosbe. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
- The 35 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- Kasparek, Christopher. 1983. "The Translator's Endless Toil." The Polish Review 28(2):83–87.
- Robb: German English Words germanenglishwords.com
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad. 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X
- —— 2009. "Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns." Journal of Language Contact (2):40–67.
|Look up calque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
|For a list of words relating to Calque, see the English calques category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|


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About-face at Harvard
A push is on to make the portraits on the walls — white men, almost all — reflect the diverse face of the university today
CAMBRIDGE — The faces peer out, unsmiling, from the gilded frames lining the sea-green walls of the faculty room in Harvard's historic University Hall. Some are mustachioed, a few bespectacled. They're dressed in three-piece suits or cloaked in robes, sporting cravats or bow ties.
In this ornate meeting room adorned with crystal chandeliers, Greek columns, and Oriental carpets hang images of Harvard's most venerable figures — row upon row of stone-faced alumni, professors, and presidents. They are mostly men; all are white.
Of the approximately 750 oil portraits that grace the libraries, dining commons, and undergraduate residences of the nation's oldest university, roughly 690 were of white men, as of a 2002 inventory by the curator of the university's portrait collection. Only two portraits, commissioned in the 1980s and '90s, were of minorities. The remaining portraits were of white women — Radcliffe professors, benefactors' family members, presidents' wives.
The portraits, as well as another 450 marble busts, sculptures, prints, and drawings, present an incomplete picture of Harvard that the university is seeking to change.
"There's a significance to portraiture, in demonstrating to people of all backgrounds that their presence and contribution are appreciated,'' said Dr. S. Allen Counter, director of The Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations, which for eight years has been quietly commissioning portraits of distinguished minorities and women to hang in Harvard's hallowed halls.
"We simply wish to place portraits of persons of color and others who've served Harvard among the panoply of portraits that already exists,'' Counter said. "We will not displace any portrait, just simply add to them.''
On Friday, dozens of university officials, professors, and alumni gathered in the junior common room at Lowell House, sipping cider and nibbling on canapés, to celebrate the portrait project's most recent success: a painting of Dr. Chester Pierce, a 1948 Harvard graduate and longtime professor of psychiatry and education. Pierce, believed to be the first African-American college student to play a football game at an all-white Southern university (Pierce was part of the 1947 Crimson team that played against the University of Virginia), is depicted wearing a red-striped varsity football tie while delivering a lecture in the Ether Dome at Harvard Medical School.
"Portraits really are the evidence of our history,'' said Diana Eck, a religion professor who is a co-master at Lowell House. "We realize that history goes on, and it's really important to Harvard to update our image, which has changed so much from the early days.''
In recent years, nine other new faces — including Archie Epps III, a beloved dean of students who was African-American; Rulan Pian, a professor of music and East Asian languages and civilization who is Chinese-American and served as Harvard's first minority house master; and Stanley Tambiah, an anthropology professor from Sri Lanka — have popped up alongside renderings of US Senator Charles Sumner and Harvard benefactors Samuel Appleton and Samuel Eliot.
"The real point of it is just to change what future Harvard students see, who arrive thinking, 'This is what Harvard is,' '' said Harry Lewis, a computer-science professor and former dean of Harvard College. "They can't tell the difference between what went up last year and what went up 200 years ago.''
In the Adams House dining hall, a portrait of Eileen Jackson Southern, the first black female professor to receive tenure at Harvard, watches over today's diverse array of undergraduates as they lunch on pizza, quesadillas, and tater tots.
Near Southern's portrait, above a piano on a wood-paneled wall, hangs a giant portrait of John Quincy Adams, a United States president, Harvard alumnus, and a member of the family for which the dormitory is named.
The painting of Adams, in a waistcoat and ascot collar, is something students say they expect to see at the 374-year-old college. But the image of Southern — wearing a crisp white blouse and a strand of pearls in front of a bookshelf — is, to many, a pleasant surprise.
"Being a black woman, a minority at Harvard, it's nice to see someone who looks like me who's been recognized for making a contribution to the university,'' said Christen Brown, a sophomore from Ft. Lauderdale majoring in sociology and African-American studies. "It just gives us something to strive for.''
Groundwork for the minority-portraiture project was laid by a group of minority students who surveyed the portraits hanging in university buildings in 2000. They expressed their concern about the lack of diversity to Sandra Grindlay, then-curator of the university portrait collection.
"They were just looking around and feeling like they could not identify with this institution that had this kind of materials on the walls,'' said Grindlay, who retired in August. "People tend to think, 'Oh, the portraits. Nobody looks at them.' But they do have the power to represent the institution, insofar as when some students look at them, they think, 'If this is Harvard, what am I doing here?' ''
Early efforts to diversify Harvard's portrait collection focused on prominent women scholars, starting with Helen Maud Cam, a history professor who in 1948 became the first woman to receive tenure at Harvard. Her portrait was hung in the faculty room in 1995. That was followed in 2002 by one of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, an astronomer.
Harvard Law School, which maintains a separate portrait collection, began commissioning portraits of minorities in the 1980s, Grindlay said. But it was not until the Harvard Foundation pushed to honor more minorities and women university-wide, starting in 2002 with a $100,000 grant from the university president's office, that the art on the walls began to change in a comprehensive way, she said.
The foundation assembled a committee of faculty, students, alumni, and museum staff to select as portrait subjects men and women who have opened Harvard's doors to diverse groups and served the university with distinction. Under Harvard Foundation guidelines, portrait subjects must have worked for the university for at least 25 years to qualify, Counter said.
The foundation is not the only Harvard group that commissions portraits; individual schools and departments do as well. But the foundation's selection process can be political, and at times, controversial.
"Frankly, some faculty can say, 'We've been here 25 years and we're white. Why not us?' '' Counter said.
But not all the new portrait subjects are of minorities. Of the 10 Harvard Foundation portraits that have been hung so far, two are of white men. Fred Jewett, a onetime dean of Harvard College, had encouraged the admissions of minorities to Harvard. And John Monro, also a dean of Harvard College, began a recruitment program for minority students in the 1940s and opened Harvard admissions to students from all socioeconomic backgrounds, before leaving his post at Harvard in 1967 to teach at black colleges in the South.
"To give up a powerful career at Harvard to go and work at a minority school is just amazing,'' Counter said. "Many African-Americans wouldn't do that.''
Henry Louis Gates Jr., one of Harvard's most prominent African-American scholars and now the director of the university's W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, called the foundation's efforts "long overdue.'' When he arrived at Harvard in 1991 to head the department of African and African American Studies, one of his first tasks was to have Du Bois's bust carved in marble. Du Bois was the first black scholar to earn a doctorate from Harvard.
"It is important that students know that African-Americans are a fundamental part of Harvard, and that Harvard is a part of us,'' Gates said.
Gates's own portrait will be hung next spring, he said, in honor of his 60th birthday and 15-year tenure as chairman of African and African American Studies. It was paid for by a private donor, he said; he has not been at the university long enough for the foundation to commission a portrait of him.
The foundation's next portrait, scheduled to be unveiled next month, is of Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, who in 1665 became the first Native American to graduate from Harvard. Because no images of him exist from his lifetime, artist Stephen Coit, a former venture capitalist and Harvard alumnus who has painted all of the portraits for the foundation, is creating a depiction based on interviews with Cheeshahteaumuck's descendents on Martha's Vineyard, as well as historic and contemporary photographs of Wampanoags.
Five other portraits of minorities are scheduled to be hung over the next two years. Among those Counter hopes will be painted is Venus Whittemore, a slave purchased by Harvard president Benjamin Wadsworth, who listed Whittemore in his 1726 diary as a "negro wench.'' As with Cheeshahteaumuck, Whittemore's features will have to be re-created by an artist, because no records have been found of what she looked like.
"It would be justice for Venus, after having served Harvard as a slave, that we construct a portrait of her,'' Counter said. "We hope to add dignity to someone whose dignity was taken away.''
Tracy Jan can be reached at _EMAIL_.


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text:
Whenever there is no service while using live tracking, all the points in between losing Internet connection and regaining it are gone. It would be great to have an option to send all cached points once a connection is back. As they can be timestamped, it should not be a problem for receiving servers to parse the points. They could be sent in an array, for example.
Local caching for live tracking when out of data signal
Would it be possible to add local caching to the live tracking so locations are sent from when the phone is out of data signal?
For implementation I envisage it working something like:
- In a live tracking profile, users can opt to use caching
- Caching is unavailable for GET requests (as data length is limited and you do not want to poll a url multiple times in a short time)
- For POST requests, Locus sends (if data available) a cache variable which is an array of locations (in the same format as the live beacon).
On the receiving server:
- any local authentication etc.
- process live location
- check for cache variable
- if present and supported, process cached locations
As an extra bonus, Locus could detail how many cached locations are stored in notifications (with where it currently reports successes and failures), and provide a way of manually sending the data to the server (example is when you finish a walk out of signal - you stop the tracking, but want to share the outstanding locations when you are back in signal.)


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Validity Evidence for the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC)
An essential component of a response to intervention (RTI) framework is a screening process that is both accurate and efficient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity evidence for the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC) to determine its potential for use within a screening process. Participants included 226 students in Grades 1 to 5. Validity evidence was analyzed through (a) correlation with performance on concurrent, individually administered oral reading fluency (ORF) measures, (b) correlation with performance on concurrently administered reading comprehension measures, (c) correlation of fall and winter TOSREC performance with a state reading outcome measure administered in spring, (d) a binary classification analysis to predict whether students met grade-level performance benchmarks on a state reading assessment, and (e) a stepwise regression analysis examining the variance in performance on a state assessment accounted for by TOSREC and ORF. The concurrent correlations of TOSREC with ORF were high, with the exception of the fall fourth grade administration. Correlations of TOSREC and outcome measures were consistent with those of ORF. The binary classification analysis examining the TOSREC's ability to accurately predict those students who did not meet grade-level performance benchmarks on the state's reading assessment demonstrated high classification accuracy (90%) as well as high sensitivity (78%) and specificity (86%). Finally, a regression analysis indicated that the TOSREC accounted for additional unique variance in state assessment performance above and beyond ORF. Implications for practice are discussed.
Johnson, Evelyn S.; Pool, Juli L.; and Carter, Deborah R.. (2011). "Validity Evidence for the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC)". Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37(1), 50-57. _URL_