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||It has been suggested that overhand shuffle be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2011.|
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome.
Shuffling techniques
A common shuffling technique is called the riffle or dovetail shuffle, in which half of the deck is held in each hand with the thumbs inward, then cards are released by the thumbs so that they fall to the table interleaved. Many also lift the cards up after a riffle, forming what is called a bridge which puts the cards back into place. This can also be done by placing the halves flat on the table with their rear corners touching, then lifting the back edges with the thumbs while pushing the halves together. While this method is more difficult, it is often used in casinos because it minimizes the risk of exposing cards during the shuffle. There are two types of perfect riffle shuffles: if the top card moves to be second from the top then it is an in shuffle, otherwise it is known as an out shuffle (which preserves both the top and bottom cards).
Riffle shuffling does, however, carry a risk of damaging cards from excessive bending. Casinos often replace their playing cards to prevent cheating from players that detect deformations in the cards. However, collectible card game cards are considerably less replaceable than playing cards, and CCG cards can be damaged from riffle shuffling, even when protected with card sleeves.
Stripping or overhand
Another procedure is called stripping, overhand, or slide shuffle, where small groups of cards are removed from the top of a deck and placed in the opposite hand (or just assembled on the table) in reverse order.
Hindu shuffle
Also known as "Kattar" or "Kenchi" or "Kutti Shuffle"(Hindi for scissor). The deck is held face down, with the middle finger on one long edge and the thumb on the other on the bottom half of the deck. The other hand draws off a packet from the top of the deck. This packet is allowed to drop into the palm. The maneuver is repeated over and over, with newly drawn packets dropping onto previous ones, until the deck is all in the second hand. Hindu shuffle differs from stripping in that all the action is in the hand taking the cards, whereas in stripping, the action is performed by the hand with the original deck, giving the cards to the resulting pile. This is the most common shuffling technique in Asia and other parts of the world, while the overhand shuffle is primarily used in Western countries.
Pile shuffle
Cards are simply dealt out into a number of piles, then the piles are stacked on top of each other. This ensures that cards that were next to each other are now separated. The pile shuffle does not provide any randomization of the cards, since for any number of piles the right number of repetitions will bring the deck back to its original state, though this can be improved slightly by dealing to the piles in a random order each circuit. It is sometimes used in collectible card games where other forms of shuffling might damage rare cards.
Corgi, Chemmy, Irish or Wash shuffle
Also known as the scramble, beginner shuffle, or washing the cards, this involves simply spreading the cards out face down, and sliding them around and over each other with one's hands. Then the cards are moved into one pile so that they begin to intertwine and are then arranged back into a stack. This method is useful for beginners and small children or if one is inept at shuffling cards. However, the beginner shuffle requires a large surface for spreading out the cards and takes longer than the other methods.
Mongean shuffle
The Mongean shuffle, or Monge's shuffle, is performed as follows (by a right-handed person): Start with the unshuffled deck in the left hand and transfer the top card to the right. Then repeatedly take the top card from the left hand and transfer it to the right, putting the second card at the top of the new deck, the third at the bottom, the fourth at the top, the fifth at the bottom, etc. The result, if one started with cards numbered consecutively, would be a deck with the cards in the following order:.
For a deck of given size, the number of Mongean shuffles that it takes to return a deck to starting position, is known (sequence A019567 in OEIS). Twelve perfect Mongean shuffles restore a 52-card deck.
Weave and Faro shuffles
Weaving is the procedure of pushing the ends of two halves of a deck against each other in such a way that they naturally intertwine. Sometimes the deck is split into equal halves of 26 cards which are then pushed together in a certain way so as to make them perfectly interweave. This is known as a Faro Shuffle.
The faro shuffle is performed by cutting the deck into two, preferably equal, packs in both hands as follows (right-handed): The cards are held from above in the right and from below in the left hand. Separation of the deck is done simply lifting up half the cards with the right hand thumb slightly and pushing the left hand's packet forward away from the right hand. The two packets are often crossed and slammed into each other as to align them. They are then pushed together by the short sides and bent (either up or down). The cards then alternately fall into each other, much like a zipper. A flourish can be added by springing the packets together by applying pressure and bending them from above. The faro is a controlled shuffle which does not randomize a deck when performed properly.
A perfect faro shuffle, where the cards are perfectly alternated, is considered one of the most difficult sleights by card magicians, simply because it requires the shuffler to be able to cut the deck into two equal packets and apply just the right amount of pressure when pushing the cards into each other. Performing eight perfect faro shuffles in a row restores the order of the deck to the original order only if there are 52 cards in the deck and if the original top and bottom cards remain in their positions (1st and 52nd) during the eight shuffles. If the top and bottom cards are weaved in during each shuffle, it takes 52 shuffles to return the deck back into original order (or 26 shuffles to reverse the order).
Shuffling machines
Because standard shuffling techniques are seen as weak, and in order to avoid "inside jobs" where employees collaborate with gamblers by performing inadequate shuffles, many casinos employ automatic shuffling machines. They also save time that would otherwise be spent shuffling, allowing several more hands per hour to be played and increasing the profitability of the table. These machines are also used to lessen repetitive motion stress injuries to a dealer. Note that the shuffling machines have to be carefully designed, as they can generate biased shuffles otherwise: the most recent shuffling machines are computer-controlled, though they have not yet fully been integrated into gaming.
There are exactly 52 factorial (expressed in shorthand as 52!) possible orderings of the cards in a 52-card deck. This is approximately 8×1067 possible orderings or specifically 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000. The magnitude of this number means that it is exceedingly improbable that two randomly selected, truly randomized decks, will ever, even in the history of the Universe, be the same. However, while the exact sequence of all cards in a randomized deck is unpredictable, it may be possible to make some probabilistic predictions about a deck that is not sufficiently randomized.
Sufficient number of shuffles
"How many shuffles are sufficient for good randomness?" is a fundamental question, and the answer depends on the type of shuffle and the measure of "good enough randomness", which in turn depends on the game in question. Broadly, for most games, four to seven good riffle shuffles (GRS) are both necessary and sufficient: for unsuited games such as blackjack, four GRSs are sufficient, while for suited games with strict conditions on randomness, seven GRSs are necessary. There are some games, however, for which even seven GRSs are insufficient.
In practice the number of shuffles required depends both on the quality of the shuffle and how significant non-randomness is, particularly how good the people playing are at noticing and using non-randomness. Two to four shuffles is good enough for casual play. But in club play, good bridge players take advantage of non-randomness after four shuffles, and top blackjack players supposedly track aces through the deck; this is known as "ace tracking", or more generally, as "shuffle tracking".
Following early research at Bell Labs, which was abandoned in 1955, the question of how many shuffles was required remained open until 1990, when it was convincingly solved as seven shuffles, as elaborated below. Some results preceded this, and refinements have continued since.
A leading figure in the mathematics of shuffling is mathematician and magician Persi Diaconis, who began studying the question around 1970, and has authored many papers in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s on the subject with numerous co-authors. Most famous is (Bayer & Diaconis 1992


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Nasogastric decompression versus nondecompression after elective laparotomy at kenyatta national hospital: a camparison of post -operative outcomes
Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy is being practiced at Kenyatta National Hospital. Available evidence suggests that complications like vomiting and anastomotic leakage cannot be prevented by using nasogastric tubes after elective open laparotomy. The use of nasogastric tubes is associated with increase duration of return of normal bowel function and pulmonary complications hence prolonging hospital stay. Furthermore it increases patient discomfort. Following the above findings, the use of prophylactic nasogastric tubes might not be necessary. Most studies done elsewhere in abdominal surgical centers with a high volume of patients as opposed to our general surgical units do not support its use. In a Study carried out in the neighbouring region among patients undergoing laparotomy, nasogastric decompression was not found to prevent occurrence of complications. There is need for a study to assess the local situation. This study is aimed, at evaluating the differences in outcomes in decompressed versus non-decompressed groups after elective open laparotomy. Objective This prospective randomized clinical study sought to evaluate the difference in outcomes in nondecompressed versus decompressed groups after elective laparotomy. Study design A prospective randomized clinical study. Setting The general surgical, gynecological wards and theatres at Kenyatta National Hospital. Patients and method Eighty eight consecutive patients scheduled for elective laparotomy between 15th July and 15th October, 2011 who met the inclusion criteria (in section 3.3) were recruited. Patients enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to one group in whom decompression was used and another in whom decompression was not used. Randomization was done using a computer generated table of random numbers. The randomization was provided by an independent computer consultant. The surgeon was informed of the group designation just before closure of the abdomen. Results Eighty eight consecutive patients who underwent elective laparotomy randomized into nondecompression and decompression groups were studied with 43(48.9%) and 45(51.1%) being males and females respectively. The age range was 14 to 86 years with a mean of 44.25 years. The commonest reason for laparotomy was closure of gut stomas (43.2%). The occurrence of complications (vomiting, pulmonary and anastomotic leakage) was slightly higher in the decompression group though it did not reach statistical significance. The decompression group stayed longer in the hospital as compared to the non-decompression group 8.67 and 5.19 days respectively with a p-value of 0.0004. Conclusion The use of nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy did not reduce the occurrence of complications. Decompressed patients spent longer in the hospital postoperatively.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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As has been said, red wine glasses are generally wider because increased exposure to air helps the deeper and generally more complex flavors of red wine develop fully. Larger surface area means higher air exposure, and the wider bowl of red wine glasses allows for more wine to be exposed at any given time.
In general, white wines do not require as much oxidation for the flavors to expand, thus partly explaining the narrower shape. However, there are other reasons. Heat transfer is another big reason for the more narrow shape of most white wine glasses. Larger surface area means higher oxidation, but it also means that more heat will be transferred into the wine from the surrounding air. The larger the surface area of a cooling/warming object, the higher the rate of heat transfer, so having a narrower opening decreases the exposed surface area, ultimately keeping the wine chilled longer.
One of the biggest reasons, however, is flavor distribution. Different kinds of glasses are made to deliver different sorts of flavors to the optimal part of your tasting apparatus. Generally, red wines tend to feature flavors that are best tasted with the tip of the tongue and the front of the mouth, while white wines are usually comprised of lighter flavors that can be more thoroughly processed by the back of the mouth. The wider bowl of the red wine glass and narrower shape of the white wine glass both cater to this trend, respectively.
For more information on different types of wine glasses (including a break down of some of the different types of red wine glasses), take a quick look at this article. It details all of the different types of glasses, as well as which type of wines they are designed to optimize.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


I want to ask why my orchids' leaves turn to yellow after a couple of times from very good bearing flowers and after turning yellow eventually my orchids die?
Submitted by BHGPhotoContest
Thanks for writing. Without being able to see your orchids, I'm sorry to say I can't say for sure what the problem is.
How much do you water them? Orchids are very sensitive to overwatering, especially if they're growing in moss. It's best to let the moss dry out a bit before watering them again.
Do your orchids get exposed to hot or cold drafts? That can also make the leaves go yellow.
Also: Orchid leaves do start to grow old and die. Most of the time, an individual leaf will stay green for a couple of years before it succumbs to old age and is replaced by new leaves.
Lastly, make sure your orchids don't need repotting. Many common orchid mixes last a couple of years before they start to break down. When they do and they start to look like soil, they're bad for your orchid. If this is the case, repotting it in fresh bark should help a lot.
Thanks for writing. I hope this helps!
---Justin, Senior Garden Editor, BHG.com
Answered by BHGgardenEditors


How do I add subscribers to a course?
 - Updated:
 1. Open the Courses tool from the Main Menu.
 2. Select the desired Course ID and open the Subscribers screen.
 3. Click the Add [plus sign] button in the toolbar.
 1. Indicate whether you're adding a User or Domain subscriber with the dropdown menu.
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 3. Enter a Start Date and an End Date for the subscription (optional).
 4. If you don't want the subscriber to be able to copy the target course, check the Exclude target from course copy operations box.
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 - Note: This is only available when you select Domain in step 4.
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Additional articles
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Herald-Sun editorial: Projects offer window into civil rights history
Two recent projects provide a needed perspective on local civil rights history. Learning and knowing that history should be of importance to every American, but is particularly meaningful to those of us living in the South.
One of those projects is a planned public art project aimed at capturing a bit of civil rights-era history. The other was a recent screening of a locally produced documentary from 60 years ago.
A downtown mural project is planned to commemorate Durham's civil rights history, the city announced on Monday. The $20,000 project will be funded by Durham Cultural Master Plan money that comes from hotel occupancy tax revenue that flows from Durham County to the city of Durham.
The project is to be led by muralist and arts educator Brenda Miller Holmes, who has led similar projects in San Francisco. It will involve 15 young people from Durham, between 15 and 20 years old, and 15 residents older than 21. In addition, Benjamin Speller, former dean of North Carolina Central University's School of Library and Information Science, will lead several public workshops on civil rights history.
A recent event offered another window into the history of civil rights in Durham. Last week, more than 100 people were present for a screening of a 20-minute documentary, "Negro Durham Marches On," a 1948 film produced by the Durham Business and Professional Chain, a black business organization. The film provided a look at the thriving Hayti neighborhood, which boasted many prominent black-owned businesses and organizations.
After the film, those in attendance talked about their memories of that special time and that special neighborhood.
"You talk about bringing back memories," said Rep. Mickey Michaux, born in the center of Hayti in 1930. "I recognized so many places, so many people." The Hayti community, Michaux added, was "probably the most prominent African-American community in the nation. It was a self-contained community that looked out for itself. We didn't have to go across the tracks for anything."
Those interested in civil rights history would undoubtedly agree that, while the past is important, the present and future are even more important. Inequalities exist today that need confrontation and need to be addressed – inequalities not only of discrimination based on ethnicity and gender, but also inequalities, sometimes related, based on lack of opportunity because of socioeconomic conditions. Those lessons of the past come in handy today.


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William Heise was an American film director, active in the 1890s. He 'directed' The Kiss, a 1896 short film that depicted a kiss between May Irwin and John Rice.
Direction, at this early stage in cinema, consisted mainly of pointing a stationary camera in one direction and capturing whatever action transpired within the frame. Along with W. K. L. Dickson, Heise was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the nascent days of cinema. He worked with Dickson on many of the early shorts, capturing numerous scenes of everyday life as well as different aspects of performance and sport. —wikipedia


Narali Poornima being their main fest.
From the monsoon times the sea shows very aggressive nature. In order to calm down the temper of the Sea Lord this feast is celebrated. During this feast people in agri-koli Samaj devote or release a golden coconut in the sea and pray for calmness and protection of their boats and ships they use in sea during fishing. All elders and younger in this community gather at the sea coast to worship the Sea Lord.
All people in the village celebrate this day by dancing, singing and then worshipping on the sea coast. After worship and prayer is done all fishermen go in the sea for fishing and start fishing from that day after a halt in the rainy season. That is why this is the most important festival of Agri Samaj.
External links[edit]


text: Now that your team of explorers feels comfortable with cities and maps, and knows the rules of safe travel, let them tour the country... without you. In the meantime, grab some iced tea, put your feet up, and enjoy their trip as they send you postcards from every state. This is what young Emily does in Wish You Were Here: Emily's Guide to the 50 States. Kathleen Krull's witty text and illustrations by award-winning Amy Schwartz celebrate the fascinating idiosyncrasies of each state in our nation. Schwartz's illustrations accurately accent Emily's observations. In a tone that a teen would respect and a little one could understand, Emily and her grandmother wind their way around the country and entice readers with their findings: "Pennsylvania is the world's mushroom capital, the place where crayons come from, and the state where I learned why the Fourth of July is so important." Emily's frequent allusions to relevant literature and a thorough index of resources offer curious readers a way to pursue their interests as well as valuable information for reports in school. Reviewed by Anna Claire Straughan.


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Poetry – types & devices
The following websites explain different types of poems and give examples of each type:
Shadow poetry – different types of poems with a couple of examples of each.
Poetry Foundation – Fairly detailed description of each type of poetry with good examples.
Types of poems – 55 types with some examples
Writers' Digest – List of 50 poetic forms for poets
Online Learning Centre – brief description of each device and limited examples
Best Library – List of many different devices and in depth examples
Poetry Foundation – poetic devices with examples


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HPSC: What do we do
HPSC's mission is to improve the health of the Irish population by providing the best, and most timely, information on disease including infectious diseases. This is achieved through disease surveillance, providing independent advice, and conducting epidemiological investigation and related research and training.
Disease surveillance is an information-based activity involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of large amounts of data from a variety of sources.
The information collated is then used in a number of ways to:
- Evaluate the effectiveness of control and preventative health measures
- Monitor changes in infectious agents, for example, trends in development of antimicrobial resistance
- Support health planning and the allocation of appropriate resources within the healthcare system
- Identify high risk populations or target areas for intervention
- Provide a valuable archive of disease activity for future reference
To be effective, the collection of surveillance data must be standardised on a national basis and be made available at local, regional and national level. HPSC plays an important role in forecasting and responding to disease outbreaks and incidents of regional, national and international significance.
HPSC has six main areas of responsibility:
1. Surveillance of some of the major communicable diseases. Surveillance means:
- Collecting data
- Collating it
- Analysing it and
- Communicating information to those who need to know
2. Operational support - providing expert advice to, and responding to requests for support from, departments of public health or hospitals
3. Training communicable disease control professionals
4. Research - identifying and developing best practice in communicable diseases
5. Policy advice - providing advice to government departments and relevant agencies about developing standards, guidelines and practices, and promoting the adoption of best practice by different agencies
6. Public information - providing information on infectious diseases to the public and the media


Calculate the Number of Days Between Two Dates
1 comment
 - Avatar
 Chi-Pa Choi
 Good that you created this node but
 a) Putting the output all fields option in "optional" and not "output" is a continued lesson in D360 you have to search everywhere. All should be the default - when would a user just calculate workdays in isolation? Even if they did then "all" as default changes nothing.
 b) why make the default input text? Surely the most common use of nodes is in a flow, (apart from data acquisition nodes) not as hard typed inputs? You are making people then have to do two sets of clicking to be able to input dates from a node.
 It looks like this useful calculation was done in isolation with not enough thought of how it is used in practice.
 btw, being able to do date +/- [x] workdays would also be very useful
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Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Haymarket Square is a widened portion of Randolph Street, between Des Plaines and Halsted, which once served as a common market area for the surrounding working class neighborhood. On May 4, 1886, it became synonymous with one of Chicago's most famous incidents, in which at least ten men died, four were hanged, and another committed suicide in jail -- the infamous Haymarket riot between police and anarchists.
The riot did not take place in Haymarket Square, but instead around the corner, north on Des Plaines. The incident took place following a socialist/anarchist rally which was originally intended to take place in Haymarket Square, but since the weather was so poor that evening, the turnout for the rally had been underwhelming, and the organizers thought it best to move to a smaller venue.
Despite the fact that none of the action in the Haymarket affair actually took place in Haymarket Square, the city ordered an heroic 9-ft statue of a policeman built in the middle of the Square to honor the policemen who lost their lives there.
This obviously displeased anarchists and radicals who felt the police had been the chief cause of the violence. A disgruntled streetcar driver mowed down the statue in 1927 on the anniversary of the riot. The statue was rebuilt. Weather Underground terrorists blew up the statue in 1969. The statue was rebuilt. The Weathermen blew it up again in 1970. The state was rebuilt, and given its own 24-hour police retinue to ensure its safety. After a few years, the irony in using actual policemen to protect a statue of a policemen dawned on someone, and the statue was removed to police headquarters.
Pictured here is the eastern half of Haymarket Square. The western half, closer to Halsted, was demolished in the 1960s to make room for the Kennedy Expressway. Note the diagonal parking areas on both sides of Randolph, a highly unusual feature for a Chicago street, but evincing the original "square".


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Public Health Information Network (PHIN) is an initiative developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to establish and implement a framework for sharing public health information electronically. PHIN seeks to establish a standardized way for federal, state and local jurisdictions to exchange public health data in real-time in a secure manner. Public health is a broad area of medicine concerned with the physical and mental health of a community. Public health data concerns issues such as water quality, sanitation, immunizations, pollution, infectious diseases and illness prevention.
PHIN oversees three major initiatives:
Communities of Practice (CoPs) hold meetings where members can share expertise and troubleshoot ways to access, store and secure electronic data more efficiently.
The PHIN Certification program collaborates with CDC partners and external stakeholders to develop processes that use program specific requirements for the evaluation of message structure and content, as well as security and data integrity. Meeting PHIN Certification is currently a requirement of CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) Cooperative Agreement.
The Public Health Information Network Messaging System (PHIN MS) is software that allows public health to securely send and receive encrypted data over the Internet to public health information systems. The PHIN Messaging & Vocabulary Program works with standard organizations such as Health Level Seven (HL7) and Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel (HITSP) to produce message specifications and mapping guides. The goal is to have public health professionals across the country use the same language and a single set of codes to represent public health concepts.
The Public Health Information Network website has more information.


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Submitted by BonnieMake colored, numbered, lettered etc eggs and birds sitting on a nest with corresponding numbers, colors, letters. Have your children match them
Match The Eggs
Submitted by KarlieGet an egg carton and color the inside (where the eggs sit) various colors. Have the children match the colors with those of Easter eggs and sort the eggs
Make Your Own Bird Nest
Submitted by FloreneProvide you students with mud, sticks, grass, leaves, twigs, pine needles, and pebbles. Let you kids create their own bird nest.
Dinosaur Egg Hunt
Submitted by leeHide plastic eggs (Dinosaur Eggs) on the playground or in the classroom and have a dinosaur egg hunt
How Many Eggs
Submitted by FrancesGet a picture of a bird and make a nest. Write a different number on each bird. Let the kids place the correct number of eggs (corresponding numbers) into the birds nest.
Submitted on the Comment BoxlCut out a materials, egg cartons and different colored playdough. have the children roll the different colored playdough as aggs and sort them in the egg carton.
These Preschool Ideas Found At:Everything Preschool >> Themes >> Eggs >> Games


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Network for Real Life Superheroes, Warriors, Protectors,
Saviors, to have a place to socialize, network, and also teach and learn from each other.
Bloodstain pattern analysis
|Subject: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:06 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is one of several specialties in the field of forensic science. The use of bloodstains as evidence is not new; however, the application of modern science has brought it to a higher level. New technologies, especially advances in DNA analysis, are available for detectives and criminologists to use in solving crimes and apprehending offenders.
The science of bloodstain pattern analysis applies scientific knowledge from other fields to solve practical problems. Bloodstain pattern analysis draws on the scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. If an analyst follows a scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence, making it an effective tool for investigators.
Results of BPA
Not every result of BPA will qualify as incontrovertible evidence, but the following are some things a bloodstain pattern analyst may be able to determine conclusively and state as fact:
A basic understanding of blood spatter analysis allows first responding officers and investigators alike to assist in correctly collecting and preserving bloodstain data at the scene. If they know what they have at the scene, then based on their department policy they should know what they need to do next. Bloodstain pattern analysis requires sufficient education and training to be an effective investigative technique, which not all law enforcement officers attending a crime scene will necessarily have.
- Movement and direction of persons or objects while they were shedding blood.
- Position of persons or objects during bloodshed.
- Movement of persons or objects after bloodshed.
- The mechanism or object used to create a specific pattern.
- The direction a stain was traveling when it was deposited.
- The area of origin of an impact pattern.
- The minimum number of impacts during an incident.
- The sequence of events.
Bloodstain analysts receive specialized training. The foundation course in bloodstain pattern analysis is the Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course. This is taught at many government and private institutions. The course criteria were developed by the International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) with the following stated purpose:
Beyond this basic course are conferences, seminars, and courses such as the Maths and Physics for BPA and The Advance Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course, both of which are provided by the Ontario Police College (OPC) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). These two institutions also have Bloodstain Analyst Understudy programs. The International Association for Identification (IAI) provides its own certification in bloodstain pattern analysis.
A course of instruction designed for investigators, crime scene technicians, forensic technicians, and others involved in criminal and medical-legal investigations and crime scene analysis. The course is intended to develop a fundamental knowledge of the discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis. The course should illustrate to the student basic principals of bloodstain pattern analysis and the practical application of the discipline to actual casework. The course syllabus is not intended to create an "instant" expert.
In addition to formal study of the subject, practical experience and experimentation is paramount in the development of a skilled bloodstain pattern analyst.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:13 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern categories
There are several different thoughts on how to classify and define bloodstain patterns. The following is one accepted way of categorizing them based on the mechanism that created the stain. The three stain groups are: Passive, Projected, and Transfer/Contact. The definitions used below are from the suggested IABPA terminology list:
Passive bloodstains are those stains created by the force of gravity.
- Passive Drops - Bloodstain drop(s) created or formed by the force of gravity acting alone.
- Drip Pattern - A bloodstain pattern which results from blood dripping into blood.
- Flow Pattern - A change in the shape and direction of a bloodstain due to the influence of gravity or movement of the object.
- Pool Pattern - A bloodstain pattern formed when a source of blood is stationary for a period of time.
A projected stain occurs when some form of energy has been transferred to a blood source.
- Low Velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS) - A bloodstain pattern that is caused by a low velocity impact\force to a blood source.
- Medium Velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a medium velocity impact\force to a blood source. A beating typically causes this type of spatter.
- High Velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a high velocity impact/force to a blood source such as that produced by gunshot or high-speed machinery.
- Cast-Off Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when blood is released or thrown from a blood-bearing object in motion.
- Arterial Spurting (OR Gushing) Pattern - Bloodstain pattern(s) resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a breached artery.
- Back Spatter - Blood directed back towards the source of energy or force that caused the spatter.
- Expiratory Blood - Blood that is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a result of air pressure and/or air flow which is the propelling force.
A transfer or contact stain is produced when an object with blood comes in contact with an object or surface that does not have blood. It may be possible to discern the object that left the blood impression.
As indicated above, there are other terms currently used in BPA and different ways of classifying bloodstain patterns. For example there is a debate over the misnomer of the LVIS, MVIS, and HVIS as it relates to the physical term "velocity". A sub-committee of the SWGSTAIN has been tasked with addressing the terminology issues and develop a taxonomy for bloodstain patterns.
- Wipe Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its appearance.
- Swipe Pattern - The transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface. Direction of travel may be determined by the feathered edge.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:16 am|| |
"Velocity" impact stains
Contrary to what the name states, the terms low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter do not describe the velocity of the blood droplets as they fly through the air. The variation in the "velocity" is meant to describe the amount of energy transferred to a blood source in order to create the stains. Velocity is a speed (m/s) with a direction. Often the terms force and energy are quoted in conjunction with the unit ft/s or m/s which is incorrect. Force is related to velocity and mass (N or 1 kg ·m·s−2). Energy (work) is related to the force exerted on an object (J or N·m or kg·m2·s−2). As indicated above, there has been great debate over these terms and their definitions. Below is one method of differentiating low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter. The term "impact" should not be confused with the mechanism by which the spatter was created. It actually refers to the blood impacting onto an object or area with some degree of force.
Low velocity impact spatter
Low velocity impact spatter (LVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling less than 1.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally larger than 8 mm in diameter.
Medium velocity impact spatter
Medium velocity impact spatter (MVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling between 1.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally between 1.5 mm and 4 mm in diameter. Mechanisms that could produce this type of pattern include blunt force trauma or cutting/stabbing actions.
High velocity impact spatter
High velocity impact spatter (HVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling greater than 30 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter. This pattern often has a mist-like appearance. High velocity patterns may be created by gunshots or explosives, but may also be caused by industrial machinery, coughing, or sneezing.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:21 am|| |
Blood is a tissue that is circulated within the body to assist other parts of the body. This connective tissue has specialized cells that allow it to carry out its complex functions. For a healthy person, approximately 8% of their total weight is blood. For a 70-kg (154-lb.) individual, this equates to 5.6 L (12 US pints).
Blood contains three components suspended within plasma. The three components are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Erythrocytes - also known as red blood cells, are transporters. The role of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. To do this it produces great quantities of hemoglobin, which gives it the distinct red color. Blood that has passed through the heart and been oxygenated (in the arteries) tends to have a brighter shade of red as opposed to blood that is returning to the


Design Docs >
Java Logger
As of Java 1.4.*, a resource cheap API for logging messages have been included in the JDK. ICU4J can use this to log customized detailed messages in a particular format to a desired destination by extending the Logger class. By default, logging will be turned off and is only turned on when desired. Usually logging is turned on for specific debugging purposes without the need to use global flags and large amounts of System.out.println() statements.
Design Description for ICU Logger:
1) Add a ICULogger class in which extends the JDK Logger class
2) Logging is off by default and is turned on globally by setting the system property "debug.logging" to "on".
3) Add methods to turn on/off logging when the system property "debug.logging" is set to "on".
Implementation Description:
1) Add a public static logger per class (if the system property "debug.logging" is not set to "on", then the static logger is null)
2) At the desired location/condition in the code, use the static logger object to call the logging method (e.g."Message"))
 Note: You should check that the logger object is not null
 Note: You can call a more generic method log(Level, Message) but you will need to import the Level class in order to specify the level
Things to Consider:
1) When it comes to the Java Logger, there are numerous levels: (SEVERE, WARNING, INFO, CONFIG, FINE, FINER, FINEST, ALL, OFF)
 Because of this, ICU needs to determine what condition warrants a particular level. (e.g. If a condition should always log a mesage regardless of the level set, then ALL should be used)
 (Note: If the level is set to FINE, everything above it, (SEVERE, WARNING, INFO, CONFIG), will also be logged but not FINER or FINEST)
Sample Usage:
 *Let's assume that TimeZone has a static logger object called TimeZoneLogger.
public static ICULogger TimeZoneLogger = ICULogger.getICULogger(TimeZone.class.getName());
 *Also, we want to log a message with a level of INFO when we call getTimeZone() and give a bogus ID. So the method may look like this:
public static synchronized TimeZone getTimeZone(String ID, int type) {
 if (result == null) {
 if (TimeZoneLogger!= null && TimeZoneLogger.isLoggingOn()) {
 "\"" +ID + "\" is a bogus id so timezone is falling back to GMT.");
 result = ZoneMeta.getGMT();
-Basically, this will log a level INFO message stating that a bogus ID was given and ICU is using GMT.
 *In our test code we can do something like this:
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* Create a handler to determine where to send the logged message. In this case we are sending the message to the console. */
 ConsoleHandler handler = new ConsoleHandler();
/* Turn on logging. */
/* Add the handler to the logger. Note: You can add multiple handlers */
/* Set the level of the logger */
/* Call the method with a bogus ID. The logged message should be displayed */
 TimeZone tz1 = TimeZone.getTimeZone("foo");
The user of ICU who wants to utilize logging needs to give their own handler. The handler can be customize to log messages to HTML format or whatever the user wants.
Note: If logging is not desired, there is little performance hit from calling logging methods since the logger object is null.


Ad Tech Story Time: The Secret Language of Adtechish
Picture of Joshua Schnell
by Joshua Schnell on July 11, 2018 - 6 minute read
The Ad Tech Conflict Within
Ad tech is an insanely convoluted industry, dogged by gobbledygook.
It's also often said that if you can't explain a concept to a kid, it's probably BS.
In the second of a continuing series, we attempt to explain ad tech in terms even a ten year-old would understand.
Let's see how all the advancements in advertising in recent times stand up without the fancy long words, acronyms and big numbers.
Last time around, we told the story of how ad tech came about. There were ad networks – in fact, middlemen of all kinds. And Scrooge McDuck was also there for some reason.
This time, we're talking about a mysterious secret language. Not many people know this, but we can actually trace Adtechish's roots back in two directions:
 1. First came Draperian, developed around Madison Avenue in the 1950s. It included 40 different words for Martini.
 2. Warp speed forward to the nineties, and internet users' own Nerdish lingo. Only those who'd seen all 178 episodes of Star Trek the Next Generation could understand it.
So, Adtechish had two personalities: Madman (sharp suits, fast living, shady behavior) and Mathman (short pants, social isolation, shady browsing history).
Why the need to create a new language in the first place? For Madman, it made the case for adding a few extra zeros to that fee. While for Mathman, the fact you had to ask tells it all. Your lack of technical understanding just added even more extra zeros.
Three letter acronyms or abbreviations are maybe the best example of where Mathman meets Madman in the Adtechish tongue. These TLAs are where the techie finds abstract, robotic terms no regular human would ever even think of. Then the Don Draper adds a bit of copy sparkleô – making each term an ad in itself. Who wouldn't enjoy a refreshing, ice cool glass of RTB, or a juicy PMP burger? Incidentally, TLAs are also very popular in the world of self-help books – make your own assumptions.
Next, we'll go into some of the ad tech tongue's most commonly used terms. All from the point of view of a publisher, and the growing number of Adtechish options at their disposal through time.
Last time round we explained how real-time bidding (RTB) came about. As we showed, it allowed buyers to cherry pick ads based on who was viewing them. And this was the start of a bigger trend - advertising becoming more about audience chasing than positioning alongside the best content.
As Star Wars parts I, II and III taught us though, even the most trustworthy space vehicles can still crash and burn. And RTB's own Jar-Jars came in the shape of fraud, data leakage and most of all, our old friend arbitrage.
In other words, the publishers weren't quite finished yet. And some brands and agencies still saw value in their ads appearing next to the New York Times over say Even if was a heck of a lot cheaper. And cuter.
So from RTB (also called OMP or open marketplace), came PMP (or private marketplace). A PMP was a deal between a particular buyer and a seller, just like in the old Mad Men days. But this time without all the paperwork and Martinis. OK, without the paperwork.
The good thing about RTB though, at least for the agencies doing the buying, was the data element. The fact they could aim their ads at people who were more likely to buy their product. And hey presto, pretty soon through PMPs you could do the same - targeting to your heart's content.
Private Marketplace 2.0 and 1st, 2nd or 3rd Party Data
So these uber-PMPs packaged together ad space and formats, as well as audience data. You could buy spots on the New York Times homepage, but only in front of readers who were moving house or thinking of buying a car.
But wait. Just to make things even more confusing, there were different types of data buyers used to make that ad magically appear only to the right people.
They were called 1st, 2nd and 3rd party data, though it was unclear where the party was, or who was invited:
 - 1st party data ('I party') is the stuff you own yourself – so publishers offering data-enhanced PMPs were likely to include 1st party data.
 - 2nd party data ('we party') would be the same, but this time shared between two or more publishers, making an even bigger data pool.
 - 3rd party data ('he/she/it parties') being data bought in from elsewhere, such as data exchanges or social sharing button companies. These people hoovered data up like dust, only to spit it out again in the direction of whoever would pay.
For some publishers, 3rd party data was the point where this all looked like it might be one step forward and two backwards. It meant buyers could just go elsewhere to find data on publishers' own or similar audiences.
But on the plus side, and as so often in this sector, market forces made it so 3rd party data caused its own downfall. And soon, like a hall of mirrors, brands were working with even more 3rd parties to double-check that 3rd party data was actually what it said on the label.
Automated Guaranteed to Programmatic Guaranteed
With the lack of trust in the open marketplace, and in many cases third party data, PMPs stood the test of time pretty well. In fact, even looking forward for the next few years, the majority of ad spend will be private.
But the major drawback of both PMP and OMP was also its original USP – the fact it was all so super-fast, and in the moment.
In the old Madmen, pre-Mathmen world, ad campaigns would be booked over a specific period of time, with regular, guaranteed numbers of ads bought within that period.
Hence the emergence of automated guaranteed, programmatic guaranteed and automated direct. These were all Adtechish words for new systems that would enable just that – measured delivery, through shiny RTB pipes.
So, automated guaranteed would have been the next logical step. Automating the last part of the advertising pie not currently under the control of ad tech – what could possibly go wrong? The answer is, we never really got to find out. And once again, likely it was down to data. Publishers were understandably nervous, what could happen if their 'direct' or guaranteed audience could be cherry picked, just as buyers had done with RTB. And for data-driven buyers, what was the value of those audiences without targeting?
Instead of what looked the logical, long-term next step then, the ad world shifted towards short-term dollars.
Header Bidding – of all things in the Adtechish dictionary, here's the one that makes all the horribly complicated things before it look like a relaxing park walk.
Remember when we talked about all the middlemen working in between the publishers on the one side, and the brands and agencies on the other? Before, if you worked with one of them to sell your ad space, that was that. But with header bidding, you'd work with a whole bunch of them at the same time – all competing together in real-time. What could possibly go wrong?
At this point, many peoples' brains just overheated, and they had to have a little lie down. Even those fluent in Adtechish.
Others maintained that header bidding was good for everyone. Well, maybe not for the brands, who now had the same sites and content coming at them in all directions. But everyone other than them.
Imagine selling an old phone online to the highest bidder. Then imagine that auction hooked into five other auctions, with more people bidding on each one. Header bidding meant more money for publishers. Even if it did also threaten more headaches – from slower page loading, to data leakage risks.
The Adtechish name 'header bidding' came how it all actually worked - the code and bidding process taking place right there, in the HTML header section of the browser page. This was always a bit of a hack. Hence the problems listed above. And also why ultimately, everyone agreed that moving the process from the browser (client-side) needed to move back to where it belonged, in the server (aka server-to-server header bidding.)
Of course, that's where it should have gone. But once again, our old pal data saw to that one. It turned out, with server-to-server, you couldn't always target people as well. So many people just carried on as they were, their heads in the browser.
So, there you have it – these acronyms make up the ancient language of the Adtechs. Armed with these abbreviations, you can now go out and mystify everyone.
So go forth and spread the Adtechish lingo. Don Draper would be proud.


Mount St. Helens top Washington polluter
Eruption Watch Continues At Mt. Saint Helens
Photo taken October 11, by the U.S. Geological Survey shows Mount St. Helens' crater, dome, and uplift from the northeast. Getty Images / Getty Images file
/ Source: The Associated Press
Washington state's top polluter isn't a pulp mill, a power plant or refinery. It's the newly awakened Mount St. Helens. Since the volcano began erupting in early October, it has been pumping out 50 to 250 tons a day of sulfur dioxide, the lung-stinging gas that causes acid rain and contributes to haze.
Those emissions are so high that if the volcano were a new factory, it probably couldn't get a permit, Clint Bowman, an atmospheric physicist for the Washington Department of Ecology, told The Seattle Times.
All of the state's industries combined produce about 120 tons a day of the noxious gas. Normally, the state's No. 1 polluter is a coal-fired power plant near Centralia owned by the Canadian firm TransAlta. The plant churned out 200 tons a day of sulfur dioxide until regulators demanded $250 million worth of renovations, bringing the level down to 27 tons a day. Tough to get those kind of results from a volcano.
Because the area around St. Helens is so sparsely populated, officials say they haven't heard complaints about respiratory problems linked to the emissions. But persons with sensitive breathing ailments probably would feel the effects if they lived close to it, said Bob Elliott, executive director of the Southwest Clean Air Agency in Vancouver.
"We are very fortunate, in terms of the impact on human health, that Mount St. Helens is pretty remote," Elliott said.
Not smog, but vog
Italy's Mount Etna can produce 100 times more sulfur dioxide than Mount St. Helens, and it sits in the middle of a heavily populated area. The volcano spawns acid rain and a type of bluish smog that volcanologists call vog, which can affect large swaths of Europe, said Terry Gerlach, a U.S. Geological Survey scientist.
Kilauea Volcano on Hawaii's Big Island churns out 2,000 tons a day of sulfur dioxide when it's erupting, creating an acid fog that damages local crops.
The impact from St. Helens hasn't been as noticeable, but, Gerlach said, "If you were to go and collect rainwater just downwind of the volcano, I suspect you would see some acid rain."
Worldwide, sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanoes add up to about 15 million tons a year, compared to the 200 million tons produced by power plants and other human activities.
Volcanic gases bubble out of magma as it rises to the surface, and the amount and type of emissions depend on the chemical makeup of the molten rock. In addition to sulfur dioxide, volcanoes also release smaller amounts of other noxious gases, including hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride.
They also release carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas that's primarily blamed for global warming. Mount St. Helens produces between 500 and 1,000 tons a day of carbon dioxide, Gerlach estimates.
Worldwide, people and their activities pump 26 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year into the atmosphere, he said. The total from volcanoes is about 200 million tons a year — or less than 1 percent of the man-made emissions.


text:
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Friday, May 24, 2013
How Do You Do a Body Weight Lunge?
What are body weight lunges?
A body weight lunge is a lower body exercise that works the hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteal regions. It is a very good exercise for lower body strengthening and rehabilitation of lower body injuries.
To perform the lunge, the individual stands with their feet shoulder-width apart, and then steps forward, landing with the heel first. The knee should be at 90 degrees and directly above the toes, not further (taking a shorter step can put added pressure on the knee). The motion is continued until the back knee is nearly touching the ground. The individual then returns to his or her starting position by driving upward with the front leg. A lunge can be performed with the athlete using no weight (hence "body weight" lunge), while wearing a weighted vest, or while holding dumb bell weights.
Robert W Sweeney, MS, ATC
The School of Allied Medical Proffesions
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University


When modeling a domain, is it possible to indicate that a field is fixed length?
For example, if I have a field that stores SHA1 hashes, each hash will always be exactly 20 bytes. The following property could be used to store these hashes:
[Field(Length = 20)] public byte[] Hash { get; set; }
... but the database column generated is of type varbinary(20) where I might instead prefer it to be binary(20).
There are other examples where fixed length columns are appropriate, for example a char(2) column storing ISO country codes.
asked Jan 25 '11 at 00:18
mpetito's gravatar image
One Answer:
Hello mpetito,
Unfortunately, DataObjects.Net 4 doesn't support fixed length datatypes.
answered Jan 25 '11 at 04:18
Dmitri%20Maximov's gravatar image
Dmitri Maximov
Is this feature planned for a future version? If not, is there a workaround? Perhaps an IModule or similar that modifies that database schema after it is built by DataObjects.Net...
(Jan 25 '11 at 10:24) mpetito mpetito's gravatar image
Could you explain, what are the benefits of fixed length datatypes and why variable length datatypes can't be used in those scenarios effectively? It is really important for the possibility of the feature.
(Jan 25 '11 at 10:38) Dmitri Maximov Dmitri%20Maximov's gravatar image
I think there are two main advantages. (1) Data Integrity: My specification is that each value is exactly 20 bytes. It does not make sense to put a value in of any other length. (2) Performance: Fixed length non-nullable columns require less storage space, and for records composed entirely of these columns, indexing within pages of records is optimized.
(Jan 25 '11 at 13:44) mpetito mpetito's gravatar image
I've added the request to the feature poll. Depending on the popularity, we'll implement the request sooner or later.
(Feb 24 '11 at 12:13) Dmitri Maximov Dmitri%20Maximov's gravatar image
Your answer
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Asked: Jan 25 '11 at 00:18
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Last updated: Feb 24 '11 at 12:13
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What is Texas sage used for?
Asked By: Melitina Landaribar | Last Updated: 22nd June, 2020
Category: shopping couponing
4.4/5 (21 Views. 29 Votes)
Leucophyllums can be used in a wide range of landscape situations, included focal points, visual and wind screening, accents, and wildlife habitat. With the onset of summer monsoons, leucophyllum explodes in a burst of color, giving it the nickname barometer plant.
Click to see full answer
Herein, what is Texas sage good for?
Texas sage is a classic in the American Southwest. What is a Texas sage shrub? As a native plant, it provides cover for wild animals and birds and helps stabilize loose desert soils. This adaptable plant is drought tolerant and useful in areas with high heat and cold desert temperatures.
Subsequently, question is, how do you take care of Texas sage? Texas sage does not need rich soil to thrive and prefers dry but well-draining alkaline soil with infrequent watering. Stop watering the plant during winter. It is a water-conserving plant and only needs occasional watering. This makes Texas sage ideal for xeriscape gardens and dry soil is ideal for older plants.
Likewise, can you eat Texas sage?
It also helps that almost the entire shrub is edible some way. The blossoms, yellow or red, can be eaten raw or cooked. Their flavor is mild.
How quickly does Texas sage grow?
The Texas Sage is a fairly slow growing plant, and may take up to two years to become fully established and bloom reliably. Once established the Texas Sage is extremely drought tolerant, requires very little supplemental water, and will bloom after a good rain storm.
29 Related Question Answers Found
How much water does a Texas sage need?
Water newly planted Texas sage every five to seven days for a few weeks until it's well established, allowing the top 2 inches of soil to dry out between watering sessions. After that, rainfall should be enough in most climates. If rainfall is below average, water the plant in summer to promote flowering.
Is Texas sage poisonous to dogs?
Commonly called barometer bush or Texas sage, Leucophyllum frutescens has green or silver leaves and seasonal blooms, most commonly shaded purple. Barometer bush is not typically toxic to dogs, but can shelter allergens and other poisonous animals or matter.
Does Texas sage attract butterflies?
Bloom Time
Texas sage most often blooms after summer showers and does bloom repeatedly in waves from spring through fall, especially after rains moisten the soil. Other benefits of Texas sage are its interesting foliage and its ability to attract butterflies and other beneficial insects.
Do bees like Texas sage?
Texas Sage Plant Features
The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other polliantors.
Does Texas sage loose leaves in winter?
ANSWER: Leucophyllum frutescens (Cenizo), or Texas sage, is a dry land plant that responds very strongly to weather conditions. It often loses leaves following a cold winter. Texas sage can be pruned severely if desired without permanent damage.
Is Texas sage an evergreen?
As you might have guessed, Texas sage originated in Texas, but also in New Mexico, and across the border, in northern Mexico. It is an evergreen shrub, with grayish-green leaves and purple flowers. Texas sage also goes by the names of Texas Ranger and Silverleaf. It's a perennial which will bloom on its own every year.
Can you cut back Texas sage?
If left to grow naturally, Texas sage develops uneven branches and an unruly appearance. Pruning is not necessary, but an occasional trim keeps the shrub looking neat. Ideally, pruning should occur in late winter before Texas sage produces new growth.
Why is my Texas sage not blooming?
Texas Sage thrives in full sun and well-drained alkaline soil. They will tolerate a bit of shade, but too much shade will result in leggy plants that don't bloom heavily. Supplemental water in summer will help plants grow faster and bloom more, but over-watering or poor drainage will kill Texas sage quickly.
What is Cenizo good for?
Comments: Cenizo is popular for xeriscaping in Texas - it is a good choice for foundation planting and hedges, and is useful as a windbreak barrier or a screen. It is not unusual to see Cenizo as a sheared hedge, although light pruning to maintain a more natural shape may result in a healthier shrub.
What is Purple Sage good for?
Highly aromatic, Purple Sage is the most effective medicinal variety of Sage but stands cold the least. It can be made into teas to aide in digestion, used as an anti inflammatory agent for insect bites and can relive chest colds and congestion.
Can you cook with Purple Sage?
Purple sage can be used in place of common garden sage or when an added pop of color is desired. Purple sage develops optimal flavor when cooked in fat such as butter, olive oil, or bacon. Pan fry fresh Purple sage leaves until crispy for a uniquely colored garnish for quiches, pastas, risotto or other dishes.
What does it mean when purple sage blooms?
It tells you when it may rain! A drought-tolerant, evergreen shrub, this pretty, silver-leafed bush can bloom tubular-shaped blossoms that are a bold purple in color. Actual rainfall may not occur, but the plant is sensitive to changes in barometric pressure and humidity, and therefore it blossoms.
How do you prune a Texas Ranger?
Prune the shrub in the late winter or early spring when it is dormant. Cut out any dead or broken branches with a pair of pruning shears. Make each cut 1/4 inch above an outward-facing leaf bud, lateral branch or branch base. Remove any crossing branches that rub against other limbs.
Why is my Texas sage yellow?
How do you transplant Texas sage?
The shrub can get established and form a good root system during the cool, wet season when conditions are mild.
 1. Clear the planting area and remove rocks, weeds, roots and sticks.
 2. Soak the container the Texas sage is in 24 hours before planting.
Is Texas sage drought tolerant?
Very drought tolerant. Requires excellent drainage. The Texas sage is a fairly slow-growing plant, and may take up to 2 years to become fully established and bloom reliably. Once established, the Texas Sage is extremely drought tolerant, requires very little supplemental water, and will bloom after a good rain storm.
What does Texas sage look like?
Handsome and hardy, Texas sage is an outstanding South Florida landscape choice with its silvery foliage, purple flowers and drought-tolerant nature. The lavender to purple blossoms appear on and off all year amidst small, soft, silver or gray-green leaves.


text: A 3D finite element (FE) model was developed to calculate the vertical forces on dental implants supporting prosthetic bridgework. Results of PE models were compared to results of an analytical model developed by Skalak (1), and to experimental results from laboratory models of semicircular metal and acrylic bridges supported by screw-shaped titanium dental implants specially-designed to sense axial load. The dental implants in these lab models were inserted into (a) an aluminum baseplate (Ng's experiment (2) or (b) a dried human mandible (Edwards' experiment (3)) in order to vary the stiffness of the 'bone'-implant interface. FE models were constructed with beam elements for the implants and brick elements for the bridge. To simulate the effects of different stiffnesses at the bone-implant interface, some FE models used foundation elements of prescribed stiffness beneath the implant beam elements. Models were run with purely vertical forces applied at various locations along the bridge, e.g., at distal locations, midline locations and at an intermediate point. Two key results were: (a) For implants in a stiff interface, supporting either metal or acrylic bridges, the FE results were in closer agreement with experimental data than the Skalak analytical model. (b) For implants in a less stiff interface, the FE model and Skalak model predicted the implant loads accurately for the case of the metal bridge but only the FE model was accurate in the case of the acrylic bridge. For future work it will be important to obtain better data on actual interfacial stiffnesses as input data for FE models.


How Many People Use Reddit?
Reddit is a very large website, bringing together people from all over the world in communities discussing all sorts of topics. But just how big is Reddit? How many people use it, and how often is it used for certain functions? This article will take a quick look at some of the numbers on Reddit.
Reddit website visitors and traffic statistics
According to Reddit themselves and SimilarWeb, as of 2015-2016:
 - Reddit has over 234 million unique registered users.
 - Reddit has almost 1.14 billion monthly visitors (both users and non-users) on average.
 - Reddit has almost 90,000 active message forums.
 - Over 8 billion pages on Reddit are viewed worldwide every day on average.
 - About 200,000 new topics are started on Reddit every day on average.
 - Almost 2 million comments are posted on Reddit topics every day on average.
 - On average, Reddit users collectively vote on topics and comments almost 25 million times daily.
 - Visitors to Reddit usually stay on the website for at least 13 minutes on average.
 - Reddit is the 12th most-visited website in the U.S.A., and 26th most-visited website worldwide.
Those are some quick facts about how many people use Reddit, and what they use it for! If you want to become one of Reddit's users, check out our tutorial on how to create a Reddit account.
Next, we'll take a look at how Reddit makes their money.


Cambridge Dictionaries online Cambridge Dictionaries online
Definición de "point" en inglés
noun (IDEA EXPRESSED) /pɔɪnt/
B1 [C] an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is said or written: I'd like to discuss the first point in your essay. You made some interesting points in your speech.Ideas, concepts and theoriesOpinions, beliefs and points of view the/sb's point B2 the meaning or most important part of what someone says or writes: The point is, if you don't claim the money now you might never get it. I think you missed (= did not understand) the point of what she was saying. I take your point/Point taken (= I understand that what you are saying is important). Please get to the point (= say the thing that is most important to you). He hasn't got much money, but that's not the point (= that is not the important thing).Ideas, concepts and theoriesOpinions, beliefs and points of view B1 [S] an opinion or fact that deserves to be considered seriously, or that other people agree is true: Yes, I can see your point/you've got a point there. OK, you've made your point (= told us your opinion) - there's no need to go on about it.Opinions, beliefs and points of view beside the point not important or not related to the subject being discussed: The fact that he doesn't want to come is beside the point - he should have been invited.Irrelevant that's a (good) point B2 said to show that what someone has just said is true or important: "We'll take the bus." "But we haven't got any money for the fare." "That's a point."Words and phrases expressing agreement and acceptance
(Definition of point noun (IDEA EXPRESSED) from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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Wednesday, February 17, 2010
BIRT: BIRT Report Item Extensions Released by Innovent Solutions
As part of its commitment and involvement with the BIRT project Innovent Solutions, the company I work for, has created a project that offers a few graphical controls to illustrate BIRTs report item extension point. There are two extensions offered in these libraries. The first one is a Dot Bar. The Dot bar provides a quick visual representation of numeric values. This is useful for a quick, at a glance, representation, rather than overwhelm users with numbers everywhere in a report. The second is a Rotating Text graphic element, based off the original rotating text example illustrated in "Integrating and Extending BIRT". The rotating text is useful when you are trying to conserve space on a report.
These extension elements are available at
Installation instructions are provided on the above link, but we will cover this real quick. There are two components necessary to install these into the BIRT Report Designer. There is a, and a The UI component is necessary for the BIRT report designer to show these new elements in the palette. The other jar contains the necessary runtime libraries for BIRT to know how to use these elements in a report.
The easiest installation method is to use the update site. The update site is provided in the instructions.
Once installed, you will have the two new components available on the Palette.
So, lets say I want to demonstrate these. In the following example, I will create a simple report that will show the offices and employee count for the Classic Cars sample database. Assume I already have the above components installed, and I am using BIRT 2.5.1.
1. Create a new report called newComponentTest.rptDesign.
2. Create a new Data Source using the Classic Cars example database.
3. Create a new dataset from the following query:
(select count('1') from employees where officecode = CLASSICMODELS.OFFICES.OFFICECODE) officecount
4. Right-mouse click on the data set, and choose Insert in Layout.
The report will look like so:
5. Now, select the OfficeCount detail data component, and delete it.
6. Insert a DotBar in the OfficeCount detail cell.
7. In the DotBar dialog, use the following details:
8. Now, remove the OfficeCode column (1st column).
9. In the City Detail cell, remove the City data component.
10. Insert a Rotated Text component into the cell.
11. Use the following properties:
The final report will look something like this:
And when you run the report, it should look like so:
The source for these components are available to be extended as well from the above linked Google Code site.
Khruse said...
BIRT report designer I think it's really a very great tool for reporting. I just wanna to use this quickly. More...
Maurice said...
I have a question related to a talk you gave way back in 2008 at EclipseCon, about using BIRT with GWT. Do you happen to have slides or any reading material on this? I'd love to check it out for a project I'm involved in.
John Ward said...
Unfortunatly, I don't have anything except some basic UML diagrams we used to explain some high level design ideas.
I'd be happy to answer any questions you have though, as we have kind changed how we would implement this having gone through the process a few times now, and it would be different than what we did in 2008 :)
SaS said...
I also have been looking for your EclipseCom slides.
The UML would be interesting. Also, s there an example program built with your method?
I want to get field click events and turn them into links to other graphs.


New Israeli study exposes coded language used by anti-semites on social media
March 2, 2021 by TPS
Read on for article
Anti-Semites are employing the use of a secret language, or "dog whistles," to evade detection by algorithms on social media tracking anti-Semitism, posing challenges to law enforcement and social media platforms, a University of Haifa study has revealed.
Candles shaped as the Star of David at the ceremony marking the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day (Yom Hashoa), at Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem. Jerusalem, May 2, 2019. Photo by Avigail Eyal/TPS
The new study, authored by Dr Gabriel Weimann, a professor of communication at the University of Haifa and web intelligence analyst Ari Ben-Am, has revealed the existence of a new coded language on social media being used by anti-Semitic groups to fly under the radar of artificial intelligence-designed algorithms.
This sophisticated language, which is used for both propaganda and recruitment purposes, is hidden in plain sight and encourages violent incidents like the Christchurch shooting in New Zealand or the January Capitol Hill riots in Washington D.C.
The study explores the emergence of this new language, its characteristics, transmission, and usage, and its findings are intended to serve both law enforcement and private sector hi-tech organizations in their quest to combat hate speech online.
Given the popularity of the platform, the study focused primarily on images and messages disseminated on Facebook.
Posts used for the analysis were identified qualitatively after scanning hundreds of relevant groups and pages, eventually reaching a smaller sample of tens of pages with a minimum of 500 followers or likes as an initial seed group.
Much of this coded language, the study found, was shown to rely on the use of "dog-whistles," a coded message communicated through words or phrases commonly understood by a particular group of people, but not by others.
The method could be as simple as swapping one word for another such as far-right users calling Jews "Skypes," African-Americans as "Googles" and Latinos as "Yahoos."
Some tactics to disguise the anti-Semitic communications use numerology where numbers stand for people or concepts. The number 88, for example, stands for "Heil Hitler," since H is the eighth letter in the alphabet.
Finally, the language also employed visual cues often by manipulating already popular memes found in pop culture. This method is by far the most sophisticated one as an algorithm's ability to detect hate speech within an image is still limited.
Weimann is working on a comprehensive glossary of terms chronicling instances of this coded language and what it means, and hopes this study will encourage law enforcement and hi-tech companies to be more vigilant and aware that their algorithms are not the be-all and end-all of ending hate speech.
"It's clear that security, counter-terrorism, and government agencies, as well as social media platforms, are doing much to crack down on abuse," Weimann said.
However, "we need to educate the operators of these companies that run social media platforms to report these violations and also teach their users how to spot them. A human eye is still much savvier than a computer-generated algorithm," he said.
So successful is this new language based on numbers, acronyms, and hidden images, that it has driven the formation of alternative social media sites such as Gab, Bitchute, and imageboards such as 4Chan, 8Chan, and Neinchan.
"While this is purely an academic study, it has real-world implications," Weimann added. "Being Internet savvy and understanding what you're seeing online is important. We need to learn what they do, slow them down, and reduce their activity and efficiency. Words kill even if in a new language."
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nounMusic, chiefly North American
- Though marked pianissimo and dolce, Piano I intensifies the accompaniment of the bell effects by passing from quadruplet sixteenth to triplet sixteenth to octuplet thirty-second notes at a mezzopiano level before resuming the melody.
- It contains a recurring rhythm of sixteenth, dotted sixteenth and thirty-second notes that is difficult to discern.
- This section, as performed in the aria, is not a traditional cadenza, and the thirty-second notes, which are included exactly as noted in the original score, may disorient young flutists who tend to perform this figure as grace notes.
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Definition of thirty-second note in:
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gas masks African American Officers pilots in dress uniforms African American Soldiers 1 doughboys with mules Riveters The pilots Mule Rearing
French language
The U.S. WWI Centennial Commission is proud to partner with France's Mission du Centenaire to bring French language and World War I history resources to educators in the United States.
These tools and lessons provide French language educators the opportunity to expand their students' skills and knowledge in connection with a "once in a century" commemorative moment that is of profound importance to France and its people.
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text:
FREE offers are often time-sensitive. Although they are FREE at the time of posting, please be sure to verify the offer is still free before claiming or purchasing it. (We are not responsible for price changes.) Thank you!
This freebie provides a full day of STEAM activities from knowledge of the numbers 1 through 120 in a pioneer journal. This free resource will help your homeschool take a pioneer style journey, 120 years back in time. Your homeschool can explore life as a pioneer on the Oregon Trail and develop diagram on the Western Expansion. The journal will explore topics like the science behind gold, what would be in a Pioneer's Wagon, nonstandard measurement using nuggets and more.
DK Readers L2: Journey of a PioneerAmerican Pioneers And PatriotsGone West: Bold Adventures of American Explorers and PioneersPioneer Children Sang as They WalkedIf You Traveled West In A Covered WagonThe Little House (9 Volumes Set)Western Pioneers Coloring Book (Dover History Coloring Book)Prairie Primer


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Case Study 2
How to determine whether a population has unique characteristics that require measures adaptation?
It can be challenging to know for certain a priori whether a target population has unique characteristics that require measure adaptation. This case study presents an intervention in which researchers are interested in understanding if an intervention that addresses barriers to drinking tap water at home will have an impact on beverage intake of parents and children (6 months to 3 years old).
The study seeks to understand and address the barriers to drinking tap water instead of sugary drinks in a community in the United States that is 80% Hispanic (predominantly from El Salvador and Guatemala), foreign-born (68%), and low-income (1 in 4 children live in poverty), with 15% and 26% of adults self-reporting being diabetic and obese/overweight, respectively. Parents reported that their infants and toddlers (<3 years) drank 79 g of sugary drinks per day.
To develop the intervention, the researchers engaged with the community to document how living in an environment saturated with sugary drink options and limited access to clean, palatable tap water can contribute to increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, and how sociocultural norms reinforce SSB consumption in a Central American immigrant community.
Before determining a measure, the research team carried out formative qualitative work, which described how residents in this community did not drink tap water because they did not like the taste or perceived that it was unsafe. This work described how mothers were knowledgeable of the health benefits of drinking water, but food customs and heavy promotion enticed them to consume SSBs. A community survey documented that before migrating to the United States, 52% of respondents drank tap water because it was convenient, they liked the taste, and perceived that it was safe and economical. Once in the United States, only 9% of these same respondents reported that they drank tap water because of safety concerns, taste, and lack of convenience. To determine whether the intervention is successful, the researchers need a measure of beverage intake.
Challenges and Considerations
What is an appropriate dietary instrument to test sugary drink consumption for low-income, low-literacy parents and their young (6 month–3 year old) children?
The dietary instrument needs to be administered quickly but also be sensitive enough to pick up any preliminary findings for intervention impact. Additionally, the instrument needs to be understood by the colloquial Spanish of the population. While multiple 24-hour dietary recalls are the gold standard to assess dietary intake, the data collected would likely yield too much information, especially on foods consumed when the research team is only interested in beverages. Recalls are also a burden on participants' time and require considerable resources for analysis.
Does a brief measure exist that can be used in both infants and toddlers?
The research team can use NCCOR's Measures Registry to locate screeners. One option is a screener that has been previously developed only for beverages and validated for Hispanic preschoolers (Lora 2016). However, in reviewing this screener, the research team does not know if or how the types or quantities of beverages would be different for the study's age group and Central American Hispanic population.
Does the measure capture all sources of sugar consumed by this population?
Anecdotally and from working with the community advisory board, researchers suspect that a main source of sugary may be traditional sweeteners (honey or panela—raw sugar blocks) added to plain water. The study population does not typically consider this a sugary drink, so it may not be captured using the traditional categories of a screener.
From the formative work, the research team determined that the population appeared to have unique characteristics that would require adaptation of the brief screener found in the Measures Registry, which was developed and validated for Hispanic preschoolers
To address the challenge of different quantities, accuracy of added sugars in recipes, and assessment of other beverages that may not be captured by the brief instrument, the research team conducted repeated 24-hour dietary recalls (using interviewer-administered ASA-24) on a subsample to compare to the responses from the beverage screener.
To assist with the low-literacy and participant burden, the beverage screener was interviewer-administered using aids that included pictures of typical drinks and their quantities, and models of different sippy cups, bottles, and cups to better assess quantities.
To determine if the population understood the survey items, instruments and methods of administering them were cognitively tested with a convenience sample from the same population. This was done to adapt language to more colloquial Spanish.
To address the concern about additional beverages that may contribute to sugary drink intake, local examples obtained from the 24-hour recalls, consultation with mothers, and the community advisory board were added to the brief beverage screener. For example, in fruit-flavored drinks, the following examples were added: homemade lemonade and aguas, horchatas, tamarind juices, and mango nectar. Examples of familiar brands and types of beverages within each beverage category were also added. For example, participants were unable to distinguish 100% fruit juice from a fruit-flavored drink marketed as made with real fruit or with vitamin C, but they would be able to distinguish Tampico (an orange-flavored drink) from a brand of 100% orange fruit juice. In addition, the team added an "Other" category to capture information on other drinks that the data collector could not fit into established categories of the beverage screener for preschoolers. These drinks included toddler milks and prepackaged yogurt beverages. The brands and quantities consumed of these prepackaged toddler milks and yogurt beverages were collected via pictures during the beverage screening to assess later during analysis if the instrument must be adapted and how.
- When studying new target populations or communities, all instruments should be cognitively tested to assess if, the question elicits the same concept that the researchers intended to understand in the target population.
- Even after cognitively testing an instrument, it is challenging to know for certain a priori if the target population will be meaningfully different from the reference population for which the instrument was prepared. At best, there is formative work and anecdotal evidence that suggest that the populations may be significantly different.
- Sometimes it is not until the data are being analyzed that researchers may notice that the original instrument does not capture important data for the new study population. For example, in the current case study, if the research team had administered the short instrument without any adaptations and then compared results against multiple 24-hour recalls (gold standard), they would have noticed that the original shorter instrument missed important information about sources of sugary beverages that the study population consumed. Alternatively, if the team had triangulated with observations in the home or had shared results with a community advisory board or knowledgeable key informants, they might have learned that they were missing important sources of sugary beverages in the study population. Similarly, if the instrument is a psychometric scale, and the study population is meaningfully different from the reference population, then the Cronbach α for the scales may not load in the same way as for the reference population. These are all examples that suggest that the target population is meaningfully different from the reference population and that the instruments will therefore require careful adaptations (beyond cognitive interviews) to improve their "fit" to the new target populations' context.
- Colon-Ramos U, et al., How Latina mothers navigate a 'food swamp' to feed their children: a photovoice approach. Public Health Nutr, 2017;20(11):_PHONE_. doi:10.1017/S1368980017000738
- Fuster M and Colon-Ramos U, Changing Places, Changing Plates? A Binational Comparison of Barriers and Facilitators to Healthful Eating Among Central American Communities. J Immigr Minor Health. [published correction appears in J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 May 11;:]. J Immigr Minor Health. 2018;20(3):705-710. doi:10.1007/s10903-_PHONE_-2


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(uh'k-sleh) The German scale of measuring the sugar content of must (in the US we use the Brix Scale). The aim of such scales is to determine the potential alcohol content of the finished wine. This is a critical measure of when to harvest.
UHX-leh] The German ripeness scale based on specific gravity of the must. It measures the same thing as the American Brix scale. In the Rheingau, for example, a wine must measure 95 Oechsle/22.6 Brix or more to be considered an Auslese.
The German measure for the sugar concentration in grape juice or wine.
measure of sugar concentration in grape juice (and therefore grape ripeness) or must common in Germany.
(Germany) A scale of must weight based on specific gravity. It is vital to assess the must weight in Germany as it determines the Prädikat classification. An Oechsle unit is equal to one unit of specific gravity above 1000. For example, the must of a Mosel with specific gravity of 1090 has an Oechsle of 90 and therefore qualifies as an Auslese. Other measures of must weight include Baumé, Brix and KMW. My article on must weight in my Sweet Wine series gives more information.


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Raw Message Definition
# A header, used for interpreting the poses
# The id of the object (name used in MoveIt)
# The object type in a database of known objects
# The collision geometries associated with the object.
# Their poses are with respect to the specified header
# Solid geometric primitives
# Bounding planes (equation is specified, but the plane can be oriented using an additional pose)
# Named subframes on the object. Use these to define points of interest on the object that you want
# to plan with (e.g. "tip", "spout", "handle"). The id of the object will be prepended to the subframe.
# If an object with the id "screwdriver" and a subframe "tip" is in the scene, you can use the frame
# "screwdriver/tip" for planning.
# The length of the subframe_names and subframe_poses has to be identical.
# Adds the object to the planning scene. If the object previously existed, it is replaced.
# Removes the object from the environment entirely (everything that matches the specified id)
# Append to an object that already exists in the planning scene. If the object does not exist, it is added.
# If an object already exists in the scene, new poses can be sent (the geometry arrays must be left empty)
# if solely moving the object is desired
# Operation to be performed
Compact Message Definition


text:
Harlan D. Harris and Sarah M. Kiefer
This paper present highlights of the results of a survey of instructors of the introductory Artificial Intelligence course at colleges and universities throughout the United States. Particularly notable results were seen in the Syllabus and Teaching Techniques sections of the survey, and those are reported here. Comparing responses from Doctoral-Extensive universities with other responses, the latter group sometimes tends to teach a syllabus that seems out-of-date relative to current AI research trends. Instructors from less research-oriented institutions reported spending significantly less class time on several current topics in AI, and significantly more time on several more outdated topics. Participants were also asked about what sorts of classroom teaching techniques they used, and what techniques were found to particularly valuable. In general, participants endorsed in-class activities to supplement lectures, and the use of programming homework, group projects, and an agent-themed syllabus.


Locations
A location is the relation between a soil profile and an Ident of the pipeline project. Once a soil profile gets assigned to a place on the pipeline, all necessary information should be available for calculation of the soil mechanical values at that point.
One can assign a soil profile as continuous to a specific Ident or discontinuous. For a discontinuous assignment one can assign a soil profile up to the Ident and one just after the Ident.
Last changed: 9/14/2016


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A client computer joined to domain gathers the list of GPOs to be processed as mentioned below:
- Client computer starts.
- Winlogon Service on the client computer starts. The DCLocator component executes an API call; DsGetDcName to find the domain controller. A DNS Query is send to configured DNS Server.
- DNS Server receives the DNS Query and provides the list of domain controllers.
- Winlogon selects one of the Domain Controller listed in the list and then authenticates the client computer.
- Winlogon now processes the GPOs to be applies to the computer.
- It checks the location of Computer Account in the Active Directory and then check the GPOs configured on the OU.
- Winlogon checks the following permissions for the Computer Account.
Authenticated Users: Read and AGP
Note: Authenticated Users is added by default when you create a GPO and this Security Group has all authenticated domain users and computer accounts.
- Winlogon next checks the gpcFilePath in the Active Directory to check the path of the SYSVOL share where this policy resides. A gpcFilePath looks like below:
Note: If this attribute is missing or has an empty value then this Group Policy will not be processed for client computers.
- After it has found the sysvol path, it then processes the Registry.POL file in the GUID folder. The Registry.POL file contains the Registry based settings you have defined in the Group Policy.
- It processes the settings and activity is logged into the Winlogon.log file of client computer.


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One in five Canadians over the age of 15 live with a disability and this number is expected to grow as our population ages. Additionally, nearly one in 20 children under 15 live with a disability. The built environment has become increasingly accessible over the past few decades. However, a critical component of accessibility is egressibility, which is the need for individuals with disabilities to be evacuated in an emergency. Despite its importance, this need has received little attention. Currently, individuals with disabilities are far more likely to be injured or killed in emergency situations compared to others. It is important to note that these risks extend far beyond those with disabilities to include family members, friends, co-workers, caregivers, or others who may find themselves accompanying someone with a disability, as well as individuals who are pregnant, or those with small children who may not be able to carry them downstairs.
The objective of this project is to provide a set of resources that can be used to revise existing egressibility guidelines, to create new standards, and to highlight gaps where future work is needed to improve egressibility of the built environment.
The report below provides a collection of resources that can be used to help provide an equal level of life safety for all. These resources were developed following a scoping review of the literature from 2002-2021 that describes solutions for evacuating individuals with disabilities from the built environment.
This report includes the following resources:
An Egressibility Matrix, which is a table containing evaluations of existing evacuation solutions for different combinations of possible impairments an individual may have and building types found in our built environment
Descriptions of the evacuation solutions shown in the Matrix
Possible design and/or implementation considerations for each solution as well as other strategies and training methods that may be helpful for preparing for potential evacuations
Suggestions for future work are provided where appropriate evacuation solutions were not found or where promising novel solutions have been developed and need further evaluation
An Egressibility Assessment Tool, which can be used to assign an egressibility score to buildings in the built environment
A list of stakeholders who contributed to this work
We believe these resources will help inform the development of new standards for emergency evacuations for individuals with disabilities.


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Eric Partridge was born in New Zealand in 1894 and attended both Queensland and Oxford universities. Among his publications on language are A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, A Dictionary of Clichés, Shakespeare's Bawdy, A Dictionary of the Underworld, Origins: An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, Comic Alphabets, The Gentle Art of Lexicography and A Dictionary of Catchphrases. He died in 1979.
Some of Eric Partridge's books:
The Estate of Eric Partridge


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The Antigua Labor Party (ALP) has held power since 1946, except for a period from 1971 to 1976, when the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), led at the time by George H. Walter, held a parliamentary majority. Lester Bird, leader of the ALP, has served as prime minister since March 1994, when he inherited the party leadership from his father, Vere Bird. The party's preeminence continued after independence with electoral victories in 1984, 1989, 1994, and 1999. Other active political parties in 2003 include: the United Progressive Party, led by Baldwin Spencer, and the Barbuda's People's Movement, a coalitions of three small opposition political parties.
The ALP grew out of a trade union movement in the 1940s. Under colonial supervision and tutelage, the party became the dominant force in national politics.