text:
After our blog post on Sunday regarding the WannaCry malware breakout, LogPoint today is excited to announce our turn-key application to detect and respond to WannaCry.
The application works on LogPoint and LogPoint Free, it works for all types of devices (firewalls, content security appliances, file-shares etc) and provides a simple effective tool to monitor and contain any further spread of the malware.
In addition, as research moves forward with different samples of the WannaCry, we can provide easy and fast updates to the application.
The technical details of the application are covered below:
- Monitoring the network for unusual connections to the SMB services between workstations. As the worm propagates by infecting and spreading, we will see unusual access patterns; clients should only connect to servers – in this case, we will see clients connecting to other clients.
- The malware has a very easy-to-spot pattern: encrypting files. Detecting when this happens is carried out through the use of the LogPoint agent. By monitoring for WCRY extensions we can easily detect if an infection takes place.
- The malware exploits the vulnerability identified in MS17-010. This vulnerability is detected through Qualys and by importing all Qualys scans in LogPoint, alerts will fire immediately as vulnerable hosts are discovered by Qualys.
- Certain variations of the worm will attempt to connect to a domain, which is now sinkholed. This connection is easy to detect and our analytics application will alert the second this takes place.
1. Check for SMB connections
source_address IN HOMENET destination_port= 445 | chart distinct_count(destination_address) as DC by source_address | search DC>200
This is the case where the hosts in your infrastructure are already compromised and the malware is in the process of spreading. The first measure you should take is to apply the Microsoft security patches and disabling SMBv1 services (Guide here).
2. Identify encrypted files
norm_id=IntegrityScanner new_file IN WANNACRY_EXTENSION | chart count() by file_path, new_file order by count() desc
You can configure the LogPoint agent to monitor the integrity of your critical documents and then, if any of the hosts in your infrastructure show an evidence of change in the file formats, particularly to WCRY or similar, you might need to start looking for a quick response.
3. Check for the vulnerability
col_type=qualys* qualys_id IN [91345, 91357, 91359, 91360, 70077, 91360, 91345] | chart count() by source_address, title order by count() desc
If the vulnerability MS17-010 – Critical for SMB exists in the Windows systems, apply the following patch (here)
4. Check for sinkhole connections
norm_id=* url IN WANNACRY_DOMAIN or domain IN WANNACRY_DOMAIN | chart count() by source_address order by count() desc
You can see a connection to a kill switch, which seems to speed down the infection rate. You can update the WANNACRY_DOMAIN list if a new sinkhole is observed. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the attack has stopped, but the latest update on the ransomware seems to have left out the kill switch. If any connection variants from the infected hosts are identified, the list can be updated to check for such activity.
Supported Log Sources
- SMB Connections: Firewall sources
- Encrypted Files: File Integrity scanners, LogPoint Agent in this case.
- Vulnerable Sources: Penetration testing tools for a security vulnerability, Qualys in this case.
- Sinkhole Domain: Internet and Email activities identifying the visited URLs or domains, PaloAlto, Sophos UTM, IronPort, Juniper Secure Access etc.


text:
Organizational Change as a Potential Risk Factor for Employee Health - A prospective study of organizational change, empowering leadership, work predictability and employee health
MetadataShow full item record
- Institutt for psykologi
The objective of this study was to examine whether organizational changes predicted employee health, and whether empowering leadership moderated and work predictability mediated this potential relationship. Eight types of organizational changes were investigated, and the assessed health outcomes were self-estimated general health and neck pain. It was found that more extensive organizational changes were associated With impaired employee health in the cross-sectional analyses. However, no significant results were found in the prospective analyses. Although some of the organizational changes were related to adverse health outcomes, it was not found a basis of assuming that organizational changes had a substantial influence on employee health. Nevertheless, extensice changes could be seen as a potential risk factor for employee health. Work predictability was found to partially mediate the relationship between organizational changes and employee health in cross-sectional analyses. It was not found sufficient support for indicating that the relationship between organizational changes and employee health was dependent upon the level of empowering leadership, even though empowering leadership was associated With better employee health.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
UK Feminista gives evidence to parliamentary inquiry on sexual harassment in schools
On 7 June 2016, UK Feminista joined anti-violence organisations to give evidence to Parliament's Women and Equalities Committee on the need to tackle sexual harassment in schools.
59% of girls have experienced sexual harassment at school or college, and one in three girls say they have experienced 'groping' or unwanted sexual touching at school.
The Women and Equalities Committee is conducting a vital inquiry to assess how sexual harassment in schools can be stopped.
Watch the Women and Equalities Committee evidence session:
- Read UK Feminista's written submission to the inquiry
- Media coverage of the evidence session:
- BBC News: Harassment: Girls 'wear shorts under school skirts'
- BBC Radio 4: Woman's Hour
- Metro: ˜Schoolgirls are wearing shorts under skirts to prevent sexual harassment
- The Guardian: ˜Teach children about sexism to stop 'ticking timebomb' of sexual bullying in schools
- The Huffington Post UK: Sexism In School: Girls "Wear Shorts Under Skirts" To Avoid Sexual Harassment, Inquiry Finds
- RT International: Girls don shorts under school uniform skirts to avoid sexual harassment, MPs told
- Schools Week: Ministers to meet with Ofsted over omission of sexism from inspection handbook
For more information about the Women and Equalities Committee inquiry into sexual harassment and sexual violence in schools visit the Parliament website.


text:
Weatherize is a simple data visualization installation that allows an immediate visual representation of meteorological data coming from a city. Users can interact choosing by Twitter their favorite cities using the hashtag#wtrz NameCity. In real time, the system returns the representation of weather conditions regarding temperature, humidity and wind speed at that precise moment, which change according to the city selected by the user.
It can 'map' objects or structures that follow the regularity of a grid, using a simple dedicated interface for the Ipad. The patterns generated by triangles create unique colors that vary at every selection of cities in acomputational way. The vertex of each triangle are anchored to the grid and follow the path with random behavior.
Triangle represents a mysterious basic shape used in symbolic patterns across cultures and times. It shows the four Elements: Earth, Water, Fire and Air also representing the regularity of a stable element and the irregularity of a more elusive and intangible thing.
The triangle as the time: mysterious, uncertain and uncontrollable.
This shape is the most important factor in Weatherize, which is able to visualize meteorological data coming from user selected cities. The amount of triangles represents local temperature, the color represents weather conditions, the degree of opacity represents the local humidity and the speed of movement represents wind speed.
The code was entirely written in Processing 1.5.1, an open source programming language.
It consists of six main parts:
– The composition of the grid through keyboard commands or interface IPAD build with TouchOSC. The grid informations are stored into two text edit file, lineV.txt and lineO.txt;
– Receiving data from Twitter. We used the java library for the Twitter API. With Twitter4J, you can easily integrate your Java application with the Twitter service;
– Detection-time data via RSS feeds from Yahoo. The Twitter API functionality uses an oAuth system, which allows people to authenticate applications through a login at twitter.com. More info here.
(It's recommended to replace the right authorization codes in order to run correctly weatherize);
– Creation of triangles with different attributes;
– Upload screenshots of the remote server triggered the arrival of a tweet. We used a DataUpload java class developed by Philippe Lhoste – PhiLho(a)GMX.net;
– color palette for the moment decided arbitrarily;
Weatherize is able to send to user their custom image corresponding to that particular time exclusive and unique, thus creating a generative web piece containing the collection of all the photos:


text:
Dialogue takes on a whole new level with chairwork, a therapeutic exercise in which a client hosts back-and-forth conversations to heal, transform, and gain insight internally.
Read on to learn more about what a chairwork session entails and whether it might be right for your needs below.
What is chairwork?
Chairwork is an experiential method of psychotherapy that is based on the belief that it is healing and transformative for people to speak from their inner voices, parts, or selves and for them to enact or re-enact scenes from the past, the present, or the future.
Chairwork has roots in psychodrama and Gestalt therapy. It can take several forms, though it typically entails two chairs and role play. Two common chairwork scenarios are:
- Empty chair: The client acts as though a person from their life is in the empty chair, and speak to them as if they were there.
- Two chairs: The client moves back and forth between two chairs, either acting out both parts of the role play, or having an imagined conversation with two different parts of themselves.
Chairwork can be effective in efforts to better understand the point of view of others, or to navigate feelings around "unfinished business," such as abandonment and abuse.
Chairwork can be incorporated into many other modalities, including Gestalt therapy, process-experiential therapy, re-decision therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and schema therapy. It is typically introduced as part of a long-term therapeutic relationship, within the context of ongoing treatment.
How does chairwork work?
Clients work directly with their therapists to identify an unresolved conflict – either internal, or with someone else. Clients work through the conflict using role play techniques.
What are the goals of chairwork treatment?
Chairwork invites clients to more directly confront what they're dealing with. It is designed to reduce a variety of issues, including self-criticism, rumination, shame, indecision, and unresolved feelings towards others.
Structure of chairwork sessions
The patient and the therapist identify a problem or a source of suffering that they wish to address or alleviate.
The therapist then sets up two or more chairs, and the patient uses them as anchors for dialogues with people or figures from their past, present, or future.
Alternately, they may have internal dialogues with critical voices, parts that are in pain or are very frightened, and with parts that are engaging in addictive or other destructive behaviors.
The therapist coaches the patient through this work so that the patient can have a courageous and emotionally intense experience.
What can chairwork help with?
In terms of diagnoses, chairwork can be used with any emotional problem, as long as the patient is capable of engaging in psychotherapy.
In actual practice, it is best suited for individuals who want to have a therapeutic experience that is active and intense, and which leads to more rapid change and healing.
Specifically, chairwork has been used in the treatment of:
- Eating disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Substance misuse
- Personality disorders
- Childhood trauma
- Unresolved grief
With support and guidance from the therapist, the client creates a dialogue and grows to process experiences and emotions, and learns to more confidently assert themself, understand the viewpoint of others, forgive, and hold others accountable.
Which types of therapists offer chairwork in their sessions?
Therapists who offer chairwork often include:
- Schema Therapists
- Emotion-Focused Therapists
- Clinicians who have participated in the Transformational Chairwork training
Some Gestalt therapists do Chairwork, while others do not.
Chairwork: A final note
Chairwork is an emotionally intense form of therapy. Some patients find this to be challenging and, in response, the therapist can make adjustments in terms of the speed and intensity with which the dialogue work proceeds.
However, it is important to keep in mind that for real healing to occur it is often necessary to have an in-depth encounter with difficult memories and feelings. Therapies that do not evoke high levels of emotion may, ultimately, be less effective.
Chairwork is one of the most powerful vehicles for healing in all of psychotherapy. For patients who are willing to engage with it, this kind of dialogue practice can help them: (a) effectively engage and heal their inner suffering; and (b) find and use their voice and act with courage in the world.


text:
We develop an efficient estimation procedure for identifying and estimating the central subspace. Using a new way of parameterization, we convert the problem of identifying the central subspace to the problem of estimating a finite dimensional parameter in a semiparametric model. This conversion allows us to derive an efficient estimator which reaches the optimal semiparametric efficiency bound. The resulting efficient estimator can exhaustively estimate the central subspace without imposing any distributional assumptions. Our proposed efficient estimation also provides a possibility for making inference of parameters that uniquely identify the central subspace. We conduct simulation studies and a real data analysis to demonstrate the finite sample performance in comparison with several existing methods.
"Efficient estimation in sufficient dimension reduction." Ann. Statist. 41 (1) 250 - 268, February 2013. _URL_


Memory and Anxiety related cognitive issues, psychotherapy approach
Memory is often effected by stress, anxiety and other mental health conditions. It can be assisted with the use of appropriate mental health support, including CBT based psychological therapies, psychoanalysis and counselling. It can also be helped in a more specific way using hypnotherapy, NLP and coaching.
Anxiety effects memory, psychotherapy can help
While in a state of anxiety memory is effected. Therefore mindfulness, therapy and coaching training to reduce anxiety all help memory in the long term.
Coping mechanisms like drinking or drugs that reduce anxiety in the short term often reduce long term memory.
Self hypnosis methods can assist in memorizing information. Psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and counselling can also be vital.
Laying down of memory, retrieval of memory, quality of memory and ability to concentrate are all effected by anxiety and psychological interference.
Anxiety is created by long term conditions, problems and patterns
Psychoanalysis can assist in addressing the long term issues, the real reasons why memory is effected.
Psychotherapy and other therapies are available in Edinburgh, Falkirk, Dublin and Glasgow.
Contact via the contact us page HERE
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I saw this in a lesson:
In this context, refers to islands, as in "Will you go to all of them [the islands]?" But, when I hear that my brain thinks refers to the subject, as in "Will all of you go?"
Could refer to both the subject and the object, depending on context? How would one translate, "Will all of you go to all of them?"?
share|improve this question
For the last one you can try this: "你们每一个都会去所有的岛屿吗？" (Will everyone of you visit all of the islands?) – 杨以轩 Dec 5 '13 at 8:27
4 Answers 4
Yes, 都 can refer to either subject or objects.
 1. When subject is plural, 都 refer to "all" of the subject.
 For example:
 你们都来嘛？Are all of you coming?
 同学们都交按时交了作业。 All of the students in the class handed in their homework in time.
 2. When subject is single, and object is plural, then 都 refers to "all" of the object.
 For example:
 你把糖果都吃了？ Did you eat all of the candy?
 这些衣服你都买吗 ？ Are you going to buy all of those clothes?
 那些岛屿你都会去吗？Will you (single) go to all of the islands?
 3. When both subject and object are plural, if only using 都, it is ambiguous as we don't know if it refers to the subject or object or both. So we either need to draw more info from the context, or if no context, we will have to ask the speaker to clarify on this.
 For example:
 那些岛屿你们都会去吗？Will (all of?)you (plural) go to (all of?) the islands?
 When we mean all of the subject AND all of the object, then we will have to use TWO words meaning "all" (所有/全部/都/全/全都) together.
 For example:
 你们都交了全部的作业嘛？ Did all of you guys hand in all the homework?
 你们都会去所有的那些岛屿吗？Will all of you (plural) go to all of the islands?
 But sometimes it is still ambiguous even we use TWO such words.
 For exmaple:
 In this sentence, 所有 refers to the islands for sure, no doubt about it. But 都 may refer to either object or subject. So we still need to ask the speaker to clarify on it.
 For this sentence, if there is no context, and we are not able to ask the speaker to clarify, then my intuition of interpreting this sentence is that both 所有 and 都 refer to islands.
Conclusion: The things 都 refers to are somehow impacted by the sentence structure.
share|improve this answer
As mentioned previously, 都 simply means 'all', and what it really refers to purely depends on the context.
In this example sentence, the singular form of 'you' (你) is used, and 'all of you (singular)' does not make much sense. So it would not be usually understood this way. The interpretation that makes the most sense would be:
"Will you go to all?"
However, there is another interpretation: 都 can be understood as 'even' sometimes. So this sentence, without any context, can be also interpreted as
"Even you will go?"
Note that in speaking, the first and second interpretations can be distinguished by stressing on different syllables (on 都 for the first, and on 你 for the second), but there is no way to tell when it is written out if no context is provided.
I would not normally interpret this sentence as 'Will you also go'. The more common way to say the latter (at least in most parts of mainland China) is '你**会去吗?' However, my observation is that people from Hong Kong tend to use '都' when they really mean the Mandarin '也'(too, also), AND VICE VERSA. So, this sentence may be understood as 'Will you also go' in Hong Kong (correct me if I am wrong), but less likely in Mainland China.
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+1. Before reading the rest of the question, I instantly read, "你都会去吗？" as "Will even you be going?". – Janus Bahs Jacquet Dec 6 '13 at 14:39
From what i read from the text i would translate it as: "Will you also go?"
"Will all of you" I would translate as 你們都會
So "Will all of you go to all of them" 你們都會去全部嗎？
share|improve this answer
So adding 你們 effectively changes the context of, so that a whole new grammar pattern needs to used when referring to objects? – Ken Oh Dec 4 '13 at 14:11
We distinguish thou and you in Chinese, so that it is not possible here for 都 to be you all, as you here is singular.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
1. Obtain your unlocking code through doctorSIM here by simply selecting the BlackBerry model you want to unlock.
2. Turn on your BlackBerry phone with no SIM card inserted.
3. Click the Options icon - Select Advanced Options - Select SIM Card
4. To activate a hidden menu, type the letters MEPD (they will not appear on screen as you type them).
The following will appear:
Network Subset (Disabled)
Service provider (Disabled)
5. Type MEP2 (all together with no spaces).
Type the letters MEP, then hold down the Alt key and press 2.
6. When told to Write MEP Network Code (10 attempts)?, insert the unlocking code provided by doctorSIM.


Destructuring array of tuples to tuple of arrays.
Author spalato
5 Stars
Updated Last
1 Year Ago
Started In
March 2018
Build Status
Destructuring arrays of tuples in Julia.
Using julia's 'dot-call' syntax on functions with multiple return arguments results in an array of tuples. Sometimes, you want the tuple of arrays instead, preserving array shape. This can be achieved using destruct, which converts an array of tuple to a tuple of arrays.
Works with any tuples (ie: with elements of different types).
This single function doesn't really require it's package, maybe you can find it a better home.
julia> using Destruct; using BenchmarkTools
julia> f(a, b) = a+1im*b, a*b, convert(Int, round(a-b)); # some transform returing multiple values
julia> v = f.(rand(3,1), rand(1,4));
julia> typeof(v)
julia> x, y, z = destruct(v);
julia> z
3×4 Array{Int64,2}:
 0 0 0 0
 1 0 1 1
 1 0 1 1
julia> v = f.(rand(500,1,1), rand(1,500,500));
julia> _USER_ destruct($v); # using BenchmarkTools
 1.396 s (7 allocations: 3.73 GiB)
Getting this out of the way:
julia> x, y, z = f.(rand(100,1,1), rand(1,100,100)) |> destruct;
A common way to unpack Arrays of tuples uses the broadcast dot-call:
unpack_broadcast(w::Array{<:Tuple}) = Tuple((v->v[i]).(w) for i=1:length(w[1]))
However, this approach suffers from two problems: it doesn't access the elements in the order they are stored in memory and has huge memory consumption for Tuples with varying types (Tuples instead of NTuples).
This "broadcast unpack" takes between 1.5x and 2x longer than destruct supplied here for arrays of NTuples. The performance gain is much larger for tuples of heterogenous types: in the 10x to 75x range, using 1/10th of the memory.
See timing scripts: timing.jl and comparative_timing.jl.
How does it work?
The destruct function uses macros from Base.Cartesian to allocate destination arrays and iterate over all the things. The alternative implementations using broadcast dot-call is available as Destruct.unpack_broadcast.
Required Packages
Used By Packages
No packages found.


text: We introduce a method for visualizing evolutionary activity of genotypes. Following a proposal of Bedau and Packard, we define a genotype's evolutionary activity in terms of the history of its concentration in the evolving population. To visualize this evolutionary activity we graph the distribution of evolutionary activity in the population of genotypes as a function of time. Adaptively significant genotypes trace a salient line or "wave" in these graphs. The quality of these waves indicates a variety of evolutionary phenomena, such as competitive exclusion, neutral variation, and random genetic drift. We apply this method in an evolutionary model of self-replicating assembly language programs competing for room in a two-dimensional space. Comparison with fitness graphs and with a nonadaptive analogue of this model shows how this method highlights adaptively significant events.


6 Secrets to Being Social and Slender
By: StacyAtZeel
It's no secret that New Yorkers (and many other social savvy urbanites) love happy hours and fine dining. Restaurants, bars and the occasional cocktail or three are simply a part of living in a thriving city.
While there's no harm in enjoying a night out on the town, Laura Cipullo-a Registered Dietitian and Zeel Expert in private practice in Manhattan-explains that she often works with clients who find it difficult to manage their weight when surrounded by drink specials and indulgence.
"In the city," says Laura, "people tend to be extreme, either overdoing it with excess drinks and food or restricting it altogether." Balancing the two is key. Read on to learn Laura's six secrets to staying social, slender and most importantly, satisfied.
1. Start the day off right. If you have evening plans, make sure to eat a healthy breakfast, lunch and a sensible snack before going out. That way, you'll be more likely to keep your smart eating streak going through dinner. (Plus, if you do order the chocolate soufflé, you won't feel as guilty. Hey, it happens!)
2. If possible, be patient. Wait to order that gin and tonic until your meal arrives. Drinking on an empty stomach causes a much stronger buzz, which often results in unhealthy decisions (such as finishing off the contents of the bread basket by yourself).
3. Make substitutions. Modify your meal as you see fit. When ordering a main course, substitute vegetables for starches. If you opt for a salad, ask for the dressing and cheese on the side. Avoid restaurants that don't allow substitutions, since they may be preparing their food in advance. Remember that you decide what goes into your food and body-not your waiter.
4. Slow, steady and slim. If it's a multiple drink sort of evening, pace yourself. Alcohol disrupts self-control and leads to unconscious eating. Sip slowly, and you might avoid chomping on that extra handful of bar nuts.
5. A moderate menu. When dining out, fill your plate with the three major macronutrients-a protein, whole grain and healthy fat. An example of this would be grilled fish and sautéed vegetables (ideally, the veggies would be cooked with extra virgin olive oil-a healthy fat) and a whole grain carbohydrate like a slice of whole wheat bread or a side of brown rice.
6. Change it up. If you eat out three times a week, make nutritious dietary choices on the other nights. If you dine out on Thursday, be sure to cook yourself a simple, wholesome meal on Friday. (Heating up takeout food doesn't count!)
For personalized nutrition counseling and dietary advice, book an appointment with Laura through Zeel.


R style default plot for Pandas DataFrame
The default plot method for dataframes in R is to show each numeric variable in a pair-wise scatter plot. I find this to be a really useful first look at a dataset, both to see correlations and joint distributions between variables, but also to quickly diagnose potential strangeness like bands of repeating values or outliers.
From what I can tell, there are no builtins in the python data ecosystem (numpy, pandas, matplotlib) for this so I coded up a function to emulate the R behaviour. You can get it in this gist (feedback welcomed).
Here's an example of it in action showing derived time-series features (12 hour rates of change) for some clinical variables.
One datavis for you, ten for me
Over the years of my graduate studies I made a lot of plots. I mean tonnes. To get an extremely conservative estimate I grep'ed for every instance of "plot\(" in all of the many R scripts I wrote over the past five years.
find. -iname "*.R" -print0 | xargs -L1 -0 egrep -r "plot(" | wc -l
The actual number is very likely orders of magnitude larger as 1) many of these plot statements are in loops, 2) it doesn't capture how many times I may have ran a given script, 3) it doesn't look at previous versions, 4) plot is not the only command to generate figures in R (eg hist), and 5) early in my graduate career I mainly used gnuplot and near the end I was using more and more matplotlib. But even at this lower bound, that's nearly 3,000 plots. A quick look at the TOC of my thesis reveals a grand total of 33 figures. Were all the rest a waste? (Hint: No.)
The overwhelming majority of the plots that I created served a very different function than these final, publication-ready figures. Generally, visualizations are either:
 - A) Communication between you and data, or
 - B) Communication between you and someone else, through data.
These two modes serve very different purposes and can require taking different approaches in their creation. Visualizations in the first mode need only be quick and dirty. You can often forget about all that nice axis labeling, optimal color contrast, and whiz-bang interactivity. As per my estimates above, this made up at the very least 10:1 of visuals created. The important thing is that, in this mode, you already have all of the context. You know what the variables are, you know what the colors, shapes, sizes, and layouts mean – after all, you just coded it. The beauty of this is that you can iterate on these plots very quickly. The conversation between you and the data can dialogue back and forth as you intrepidly explore and shine your light into all of it's dark little corners.
In the second mode, you are telling a story to someone else. Much more thought and care needs to be placed on ensuring that the whole story is being told with the visualization. It is all too easy to produce something that makes sense to you, but is completely unintelligible to your intended audience. I've learned the hard way that this kind of visual should always be test-driven by someone who, ideally, is a member of your intended audience. When you are as steeped in the data as you most likely are, your mind will fill in any missing pieces of the story – something your audience won't do.
In my new role as part of the Data Science team at Penn Medicine, I'll be making more and more data visualizations in the second mode. A little less talking to myself with data, and a little more communicating with others through data. I'll be sharing some of my experiences, tools, wins, and disasters here. Stay tuned!
Plot with ggplot2, interact, collaborate, and share online
Editor's note: This is a guest post by Marianne Corvellec from Plotly. This post is based on an interactive Notebook (click to view) she presented at the R User Conference on July 1st, 2014.
Plotly is a platform for making, editing, and sharing graphs. If you are used to making plots with ggplot2, you can call ggplotly() to make your plots interactive, web-based, and collaborative. For example, see plot.ly/~ggplot2examples/211, shown below and in this Notebook. Notice the hover text!
0. Get started
Visit _URL_. Here, you'll find a GUI that lets you create graphs from data you enter manually, or upload as a spreadsheet (or CSV file). From there you can edit graphs! Change between types (from bar charts to scatter charts), change colors and formatting, add fits and annotations, try other themes…
Our R API lets you use Plotly with R. Once you have your R visualization in Plotly, you can use the web interface to edit it, or to extract its data. Install and load package "plotly" in your favourite R environment. For a quick start, follow: _URL_
Go social! Like, share, comment, fork and edit plots… Export them, embed them in your website. Collaboration has never been so sweet!
Not ready to publish? Set detailed permissions for who can view and who can edit your project.
1. Make a (static) plot with ggplot2
Baseball data is the best! Let's plot a histogram of batting averages. I downloaded data here.
Load the CSV file of interest, take a look at the data, subset at will:
online_data <-
batting_table <-
batting_table <-
 subset(batting_table, yearID >= 2004)
The batting average is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats:
batting_table$Avg <-
 with(batting_table, H / AB)
You may want to explore the distribution of your new variable as follows:
 + geom_histogram(aes(Avg), binwidth=0.05)
# Let's filter out entries where players were at bat less than 10 times.
batting_table <-
 subset(batting_table, AB >= 10)
hist <-
 ggplot(data=batting_table) + geom_histogram(aes(Avg),
We have created a basic histogram; let us share it, so we can get input from others!
2. Save your R plot to plot.ly
# Install the latest version
# of the "plotly" package and load it
# Open a Plotly connection
py <-
 plotly("ggplot2examples", "3gazttckd7")
Use your own credentials if you prefer. You can sign up for a Plotly account online.
Now call the 'ggplotly()' method:
collab_hist <-
And boom!
You get a nice interactive version of your plot! Go ahead and hover…
Your plot lives at this URL ('collab_hist$response$url') alongside the data. How great is that?!
If you wanted to keep your project private, you would use your own credentials and specify:
py <- plotly()
3. Edit your plot online
Now let us click "Fork and edit". You (and whoever you've added as a collaborator) can make edits in the GUI. For instance, you can run a Gaussian fit on this distribution:
You can give a title, edit the legend, add notes, etc.
You can add annotations in a very flexible way, controlling what the arrow and text look like:
When you're happy with the changes, click "Share" to get your plot's URL.
If you append a supported extension to the URL, Plotly will translate your plot into that format. Use this to export static images, embed your graph as an iframe, or translate the code between languages. Supported file types include:
Isn't life wonderful?
4. Retrieve your plot.ly plot in R
The JSON file specifies your plot completely (it contains all the data and layout info). You can view it as your plot's DNA. The R file (_URL_ is a conversion of this JSON into a nested list in R. So we can interact with it by programming in R!
Access a plot which lives on plot.ly with the well-named method 'get_figure()':
enhanc_hist <-
 py$get_figure("mkcor", 305)
Take a look:
# Data for second trace
The second trace is a vertical line at 0.300 named "Good". Say we get more ambitious and we want to show a vertical line at 0.350 named "Very Good". We overwrite old values with our new values:
enhanc_hist$data[[2]]$name <- "VeryGood"
enhanc_hist$data[[2]]$x[[1]] <- 0.35
enhanc_hist$data[[2]]$x[[2]] <- 0.35
Send this new plot back to plot.ly!
enhanc_hist2 <-
Visit the above URL ('enhanc_hist2$url').
How do you like this workflow? Let us know!
Tutorials are at _URL_. You can see more examples and documentatation at _URL_ and plot.ly/r. Our gallery has the following examples:
This presentation benefited tremendously from comments by Matt Sundquist and Xavier Saint-Mleux.
Plotly's R API is part of rOpenSci. It is under active development; you can find it on GitHub. Your thoughts, issues, and pull requests are always welcome!
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Simulink Design Optimization
Magnetic Levitation Controller Tuning
This example shows how to use numerical optimization to tuning the controller parameters of a nonlinear system. In this example, we model a CE 152 Magnetic Levitation system where the controller is used to position a freely levitating ball in a magnetic field. The control structure for this model is fixed and the required controller performance can be specified in terms of an idealized time response.
Earnshaw's Theorem
Earnshaw's theorem proved that it is not possible to achieve stable levitation using static, macroscopic, classical electromagnetic fields. However the CE 152 system works around this by creating a potential well around the point at which the ball is to be suspended, thereby creating a non-inverse square law force. This is achieved by an inductive coil that generates a time varying electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is controlled through the use of feedback to keep the ball at the required location.
Model Description
The magnetic levitation system is a nonlinear dynamic system with one input and one output. Double-click the Magnetic Levitation Plant Model to open this subsystem. The input voltage is applied to a coil that creates the electromagnetic field. The output voltage is measured by an IR receiver and represents the position of the ball in the magnetic field. The diagram below outlines this system.
The physical system consists of a ball (with mass 0.00837 kg) which is under the influence of three forces:
 - The magnetic field produced by an inductive coil. This is modeled by the Power amplifier and coil block in the Simulink® model. The input to the inductor is a voltage signal and the output a current. The force from the coil depends on the square of the current, the air-gap between the coil and the ball, and the physical properties of the ball. This produces an upward acting force on the ball.
 - The gravitational force acting downwards
 - A damping force which acts in a direction opposite to the velocity at any instant of time
These three forces cause the resulting motion of the ball and are modeled in Simulink as shown.
open_system('maglev_demo/Magnetic Levitation Plant Model')
Non-linearities arising from saturation of the coil and changes in dynamics outside the limits of the magnetic field are also modeled in the Simulink Model. As the force from the coil decays according to an inverse square law larger voltages are required the further the ball is from the coil. The control signal is scaled to account for this and the scaling is included in the Control signal scaling blocks.
Control Problem Description
The requirement for the controller is that it be able to position the ball at any arbitrary location in the magnetic field and that it move the ball from one position to another. These requirements are captured by placing step response bounds on the position measurement. Specifically we require the following constraints on the ball:
 - Position constraint: within 20% of the desired position in less than 0.5 second
 - Settling Time Constraint: within 2% of the desired position within 1.5 second
To meet the control requirements we implement a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. For convenience the controller uses a normalized position measurement with a range from 0 to 1, representing the bottom-most and top-most positions of the ball respectively.
Simulink® Design Optimization™ and numerical optimization is ideally suited to tune the PID coefficients because:
 - The system dynamics are complex enough to require effort and time for analysis if we approach the problem using conventional control design techniques.
 - The controller structure is fixed
 - We have knowledge of the step response we require from the system.
Setting Constraint Values
Given the step response characteristic we desire, it is simple to specify the upper and lower bounds of the response. Double-click the Position Constraint block in the Magnetic Levitation Plant Model subsystem to view constraints on the position of the ball. The constraint lines may be moved using the mouse.
You can launch a pre-configured optimization task in SDOTOOL by first opening the model and by double-clicking on the orange block at the bottom of the model. From the SDOTOOL, press the Plot Current Response button to simulate the model and show how well the initial design satisfies the design requirements.
Defining Tuned Parameters
We select the PID controller parameters to tune by opening the Design Variables editor, as shown below
Running the Optimization
After specifying the optimization parameters and the required step response bounds we start the optimization by pressing the Optimize button from the SDOTOOL. During optimization, the plots are updated with the position of the ball for each iteration and the dark curve shows the final optimized trajectory of the ball (as shown below).
Verifying the Results
Once we complete the optimization, it is important to validate the results against other step sizes. A successful parameter optimization should be able to provide good control for all steps sizes close to the tuned step size of 1. Step sizes from.7 to 1 should be tested to confirm the controller's performance. The following plot shows the response to a step input from 0 to 0.85 at 0.1 seconds.
The verification step shows that controller's performance satisfies the requirements specified and the tuned parameter values are suitable for control. The tuned parameters could be used to provide baseline performance against which other control schemes can be compared, or a baseline for controllers for different operating regions.
% Close the model


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Experimental Study on Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Combustion with Positive Valve Overlap in a HCCI Gasoline Engine
The spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) is widely used to expend the high load limit of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), as it can reduce the high heat release rate effectively while partially maintain the advantage of high thermal efficiency and low NOx emission. But as engine load increases, the SACI combustion traditionally using negative valve overlap strategy (NVO) faces the drawback of higher pumping loss and limited intake charge availability, which lead to a restricted load expansion and a finite improvement of fuel economy. In this paper, research is focused on the SACI combustion using positive valve overlap (PVO) strategy. The characteristics of SACI combustion employing PVO strategy with external exhaust gas recirculation (eEGR) are investigated. Two types of PVO strategies are analyzed and compared to explore their advantages and defects, and the rules of adjusting SACI combustion with positive valve overlap are concluded.


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A cockatiel is a comical, curious and oftentimes feisty little bird. Known as one of the most popular companion birds in America, they can live up to 25 years of age in captivity. You also can read our article on What is the Average Age of a Cockatiel. They are native to Australia and are related to the cockatoo family.
Determining the cockatiel's age is partially detective work and mostly a mystery. There are some telltale signs that can help reveal whether it is a baby, juvenile or mature bird. Of course, all birds vary slightly in appearance and the cockatiel age may still be a guess.
The following are some hints to give clues to the approximate age:
- A young bird's feet will be smooth. The claws will not have any irregularities and there will be no scales. An older bird will have more scales with maybe some cracks or bumps and overgrown nails that bend inward. Sometimes darker leg color will indicate the cockatiel's age is a bit advanced.
- The feathers of a young bird are smooth against its body and look well groomed and vibrant. The overall condition of the feathers will portray the wear and tear of age.
- The cockatiel is the only small parrot with a head crest. The crest in mature birds is longer with a slight bending curve while, in contrast, it is short and straight in a young bird.
- Baby birds have a large eye-size and its appearance becomes smaller as time passes. Many birds start off with dark-colored irises that can get lighter over time due to cataracts.
- The tail feathers will begin to get longer at about the age of one. Before that, it is approximately the same length as the body.
- Beak size appears bigger because the side feathers are short in a young bird. The base of the beak has nerves and blood supply. However, the beak of an older bird seems somewhat slender and long because it is hidden by side feathers. An older bird generally will have a worn and scuffed beak. The color is also an indication of their age and this will subtly change over time to a slightly darker grey. This may not apply to some mutations.
- As in all young species, the activity level is usually very high. The bird will hop and fly around with a lot of energy. This motion typically lessens with age and an older bird may become more sluggish or lethargic. As cockatiels age, they sleep much longer than young ones, sometimes up to 18 hours a day.
The average age of a cockatiel is determined by many factors.
So how do cockatiels age?
Birds experience a lot of the same changes that humans and other species do as they grow older. This includes mental as well as physical issues. Most physical changes for a cockatiel will occur during the first two years. The Cockatiel age is easier to determine during this time.
Cockatiels are weaned around ten weeks of age and usually not sold until about four months old. The first molt is at approximately six months wherein the males change the color on the bottom of their flight feathers and the color on their cheeks. This means that their baby feathers are changing to adult feathers. Before that, both males and females have relatively the same appearance. This first molt usually is very slow and a few tiny baby feathers may still appear until the baby cockatiel is between one to two years old. Adolescence also begins about this time. Females become more muted in color. Males start to practice their courting behaviors by strutting and hopping. Breeding should not occur before 18-24 months. The female will build a nest or start burrowing to lay her eggs.
Interestingly, the male bird is very protective of his family. He will not abandon them and will step in to care for the young with nurturing affection. Even though the female is responsible for hatching the eggs and caring for the babies, the male will assume the parenting duties if necessary. Generally, cockatiels are known to mate for life as pair bonding is very strong in this species.
What is the cockatiel age when it starts to vocalize?
If you have patiently been teaching your cockatiel to talk, the usual age for vocalization is about eight months. Male birds are more inclined to talk than female. Typically, these cheery little birds are whistlers. They also have a range of soft chirps, cheeps and sharp cries. While all birds make noise, females tend to be a little quieter. Cockatiels are native to the wide-open plains of the semi-arid region of Australia. Therefore, they communicate with whistles and softer sounds. Parrots originating from dense forest habitats have a piercing scream.
How do you feed and care for a cockatiel as it ages?
Wild cockatiels fly down to the ground to forage. In captivity they enjoy time on the bottom of the cage looking for millet seed and crumbled treats. Make sure to place clean paper on the floor of the habitat and change out daily. Giving cockatiels the opportunity to practice this natural behavior will help elongate their life. A balanced diet of pellets, fresh vegetables, seed and purified water daily are staples to their well-being.
A crucial factor in keeping a cockatiel happy in captivity is a cage that is very spacious to accommodate the various toys, ladders, swings, perches and food bowls. The avian must be able to expand and flap his wings comfortably. A large door for entrance and exit is necessary for this flighty bird. The cockatiel is a smaller bird with a long tail. If housed in too small a cage, the tail will rake against the bars and dip in the water dish undermining the beauty of the feathers.
An outdoor aviary life is a good option for a cockatiel. These social birds appreciate being able to fly, forage and take advantage of the sunshine and fresh air. As a cockatiel ages, they benefit from the exercise and freedom this lifestyle offers. A large aviary with amiable, docile birds such as finch and budgies are good company and offers mental stimulation and companionship. Be sure not to house with lovebirds or larger parrots as these are more aggressive birds which the cockatiel cannot defend itself from.
What are the changes in physical appearance and behavior as a cockatiel ages?
Another factor which will help determine the cockatiel age in a senior bird is the dull appearance of the feathers. Even though it is noted that some do not act 'old', understand that they may be dealing with other age related stresses. Make sure the cage is safe. There could be some issues with heart disease, eye problems, arthritis, liver disease or other avian diseases. A change in behavior might become more noticeable when they are close to half their life expectancy. At ten years old cockatiels are considered middle-aged. This would relate to about forty in human years. Some become more mellowed while others are more irritable.
Eye clouding is very serious. If this is noticed, a prompt veterinary visit is quite necessary. Always make sure to leave a night light on in the evening to help the elderly bird with orientation in the cage. An older frightened bird may crash around and seriously hurt himself. Cockatiels are notorious for 'night thrashing'. It is a way to protect themselves when they perceive a threat in the darkness. Alternately, some birds like complete darkness. This can be achieved by using a bird cage cover. Try to eliminate the source of the night frights so that the bird does not injure himself by breaking a leg, wing or injuring an eye. A prudent option for a secure sleep at night is using another cage lined with towels with no toys and only one perch.
What are the responsibilities of owning a cockatiel?
Senior cockatiels would benefit from being held at least one hour a day, and all cockatiels should be out of their cage for at least two hours a day. A T-stand is a great perch and will give it a safe place to be away from his cage. A shallow bowl of warm water for a bath should be offered two to three times a week. Do not forget to introduce new toys and treat puzzles to keep the bird's mind active and involved.
Cockatiels are sentient beings. They are demanding pets who require a great amount of attention and love. They are gentle and quite friendly. Cockatiels are extremely social and have a strong need for this interaction. Two cockatiels of the same sex, or a mixed pair, will get along fine and keep each other company. Doing this at an early age would be best. A single bird will surely bond with its keeper and the relationship is truly beneficial to both parties. These birds are friends for life and the decision to have one for a pet must not be taken lightly.
In conclusion, past the age of two years old there is not a specific way to tell the cockatiel age. Physical appearance and behavior are not clearly defined to an exact period of time.. Kept healthy and happy with lots of care and socialization will help a cockatiel age gracefully and seem younger than his years. Thankfully these entertaining little birds can live a long time and we are fortunate to share our lives with them.


How does orientalism and racism relate
Academic level: College (1-2 years: Freshmen, Sophomore)
Subject or discipline: Political science
Title: ____
Number of sources: 2
Provide digital sources used: No
Paper format: MLA
# of pages: 4
Spacing: Double spaced
# of words: 1100
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Paper details:
What does Said mean when he says that for Europe the Orient has been among the "deepest and most recurring images of the Other"? What does "Other" mean when used in this way? And how does orientalism and racism relate?
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Network architecture for large-scale CVE
Jiang, Bo Hong
Date of Issue2000
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
This dissertation begins with a literature survey of the considerations for CVE system, data distribution and related works. A hybrid client-server with peer-to-peer audio/video communication network architecture is then proposed and implemented to address the issue of potential server bottleneck. The proposed architecture solves the Acting Server's potential bottleneck problem for including video/audio communication in CVE systems. Through directly streaming media communication between users, the workload of Acting Server is reduced tremendously. Thus each Acting Server can maintain the static and dynamic data efficiently, handle more simultaneous access to the same virtual environment, and make the system more robust and fault tolerant. It provides a solution to scalability of CVE system that supports audio/video real time communication.
DRNTU::Engineering::Electrical and electronic engineering::Computer hardware, software and systems
Nanyang Technological University


What are the objectives of Primary Nursing and Team Nursing?
Primary Care Nursing: to promote autonomy and competency on a single nurse as all duties and responsibilities in taking care of a patient for his or her duration of stay is delegated entirely on a single nurse. It also aims to produce a nurse that is specialized in an area or a given setting to further improve the nursing practice and patient care.
Team Nursing: to provide the best patient-centered care. Since other minor duties are delegated to UAP's, LPN's and Nurse Aids, the nurse gets to spend more time by the patient's bedside doing delicate nursing care that cannot be given to any other members of the team. Another goal is to train the nurse to be flexible. As the nurse is not confined in the care of a single patient, he or she will be able to learn to adjust accordingly to different needs of different patients. Team nursing is also a training ground for nurses to become nurse leaders and nurse managers of a team; this can be useful as a preparation for professional advancement.


text:
Harris Academy pupils have taken an educational trip to Belgium and France in time for Remembrance Day.
In the last week of October the 1st Harris Pals Battalion comprising 40 pupils and five staff officers departed Harris Academy to follow in the footsteps of Scotland's First World War soldiers and pay respects to the fallen.
History teacher Ewan MacDonald said: "Members of 1st Harris Pals experienced a glimpse of what life was like in the trenches of First World War at Sanctuary Wood and witnessed first-hand the brutality of subterranean mine warfare through visits to the Pool of Peace, Lochnagar mine crater, and Hill 60.
"Emotional visits to places such as Tyne Cot Cemetery and Memorial, 51st Highland Division Memorial on the Somme, and Essex Farm Cemetery (where John McCrae wrote In Flanders Fields) allowed an invaluable insight into Scotland's sacrifice and why we should remember the fallen of the First World War.
"A visit to Poelcappelle British Cemetery opened our eyes to the vast number of unknown soldiers who were killed during the conflict.
"From the 7,479 Commonwealth soldiers laid to rest there, there are 6,230 who are unidentified.
"Pupils took a grave each, placed a poppy, and gave a name to their unknown soldier.
"The 1st Harris Pals Battalion were particularly honoured to be allowed to lay a wreath at the wall of remembrance at the Menin Gate during the Last Post ceremony on Thursday November 1.
"Rose Porteous, Beth Brown, and Eoin Smith did Dundee proud in the manner they carried themselves during an extremely emotional ceremony.
"Attached to the wreath was the Harris Academy crest and message of remembrance from all pupils, staff, and our head teacher.
"Following the Last Post ceremony the 1st Harris Pals paid a last farewell in a ceremony of their own at Artillery Wood Cemetery where pupils laid a wreath, made a reading, and lit candles of remembrance."


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Jump to Main Content
A systems approach for quality assessment of kiwifruit during the postharvest handling, storage and shelf life
- Sfakiotakis, E., Tzitzira, M., Stilianaki, G., Karassaridou, A., Branioti, D.
- Acta horticulturae 2003 no.610 pp. 295-306
- postharvest treatment, probability distribution, shelf life, total soluble solids, market prices, fruit quality, firmness, sorting, kiwifruit, markets, Greece
- A systems approach was used to measure the inherent variation in fruit quality that manifests during the postharvest life of kiwifruit. Quality changes were followed in a large number of fruit after sorting, storage and during shelf-life. In the same study, an effort was made to estimate the potential marketing and consumption period during the postharvest life of kiwifruit produced in the co-operative of Episcopi of Macedonia-North Greece. Measurements of firmness and soluble solids content showed great variability. By implementing probability distribution plots and by placing tolerance (upper and lower) limits for quality attributes (firmness, soluble solids content) it is possible to estimate the actual period of time for purchase quality (Qp) and consumption quality (Qc). To capture full market price for kiwifruit, retail distribution must sell before Qp reaches its minimal acceptable level. The present postharvest handling system appears to have developed primarily to serve the distributors and handlers, not to satisfy consumers. The analysis showed that greater emphasis should be given to meeting the consumers needs in terms of quality attributes (Fm and SSC). Means to ameliorate the variability of internal quality attributes are discussed. This problem for kiwifruit marketing challenges postharvest scientists to develop techniques to segregate the fruit at harvest non-destructively on the basis of internal quality attributes, thus minimising variation and satisfying the consumer.


Use the WENE Application Builder for your own MySQL based developments!
Essentially WAB works like that:
 1. Specify a data model and define your table(s) in mySQL e.g. with the mySQL workbench or direct CREATE queries
 2. Define fields and there language dependent descriptions in function _wta_f
 3. For the main table define a business object header in WENE function _wbo_h
 4. Optionally connect joined tables with _wbo_joins to this business object
 5. Define frames and field definitions in _wbo_f
 6. Optionally create a hierarchy of business objects by defining sub business objects and connecting them to the parent business object in _wbo_f
 7. Define a function in _func, assign the function to an existing menu in _fma
… and you have built a function to maintain/display/upload/… MySQL table data in your new WENE application.
SQL queries and HMG processing functionality come in by macros assigned in the WAB functions.
Here the main business object (BO) is _DD_HEAD and the field mappings are defined in a sub business object _DD_FMAP.
Finally define your own WENE app in function _app and you have created a mySQL based application only or mostly with parametrization:
WENE app ab menu:
Of course this WebPage provides just a rough outline and not all parametrization tables available are mentioned.
WAB is a very powerful and flexible tool – it has to be, because all of WENE is built with it.


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Sean O'Casey stormed the citadel of English cultural imperialism in his native Ireland with powerhouse plays promoting Irish nationalism. Born and bred in the Dublin slums, illiterate until the age of 14, and a self-taught reader, writer, and theater-goer, O'Casey maintained a strong bias towards the
The dramatic duo of Victorian London, playwright Sir William Schwenck Gilbert and composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, turned a theatrical corner with the creation of their wildly successful comic operas.
For more than 20 years, the pair created a host of now-classic light operas, such as "HMS Pinafore" (1
The story of Satyajit Ray is intertwined with the story of a nation and begins with his birth into a political reformist family in Calcutta in 1921. His father was a satirist, his grandfather a writer and publisher; however, Ray's career began in advertising. Ray's growing reputation as an illustrato
As Anglo-Irish tensions tore his country apart, William Butler Yeats sought to give Ireland songs of identity rooted in the island's particular history and myth. Invoking a strong sense of place and folk tradition, Yeats attempted to counter the rapid growth of industry and materialism that he saw as

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Early onset aggression precipitates a cascade of risk factors, increasing the probability of a range of externalizing and internalizing psychopathological outcomes. Unfortunately, decades of research on the etiological contributions to the manifestation of aggression have failed to yield identification of any risk factors determined to be either necessary or sufficient, likely attributable to etiological heterogeneity within the construct of aggression. Differential pathways of etiological risk are not easily discerned at the behavioral or self-report level, particularly in young children, requiring multilevel analysis of risk pathways. This study focuses on three domains of risk to examine the heterogeneity in 207 urban kindergarten children with high levels of aggression: cognitive processing, socioemotional competence and emotion processing, and family context. The results indicate that 90% of children in the high aggression group could be characterized as either low in verbal ability or high in physiological arousal (resting skin conductance). Children characterized as low verbal, high arousal, or both differed in social and emotional competence, physiological reactivity to emotion, and aspects of family-based contextual risk. The implications of this etiologic heterogeneity of aggression are discussed in terms of assessment and treatment.


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Tower Defense
aka: Tower Defence
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Tower defense games are a sub-genre of strategy games where you defend a building from monsters and/or other enemies using other buildings, sometimes with a unit or two to back you up. Similar to Multi-Mook Melee, Tower Defense games have you facing wave upon wave of "creeps"note until a given number reach their goal, or you survive the final wave.
Creeps will move along the path that is either:
 - Static: Creeps move along the same paths.
 - Dynamic: The placement of towers will determine the paths which creeps move along. Dynamic paths usually create a strategy called "mazing", allowing the player to make long, winding paths that force the enemy to take the longest possible route to their destination, all the while being blasted by the towers herding them.
A typical Tower Defense game will have:
 - Creeps that behave differently. Some are Fragile Speedsters or Mighty Glaciers, some are Asteroids Monsters, others can fly over towers and bypass most of your defenses, etc.
 - "Boss" creeps on certain waves.
 - A strategy that requires a balance of producing more towers and upgrading existing ones. More important in dynamic path type ones.
 - Balance between different towers. Ideally, none of the tower types should be completely useless.
 - Commonly, a "survival" mode in which each level retains the towers you built in the previous level and/or the enemies get tougher as the game progresses instead of simply increasing in number.
 - Hold the Line as its core element.
As of lately, a trend in this genre has started to develop where the games will feature the ability for the player to be the attacking force pitted against the towers. This sub-genre within the Tower Defense genre has been called "Reverse Tower Defense", "Tower Attack", and "Tower Offense". Some games in the genre get to the point of devoting themselves entirely to this, eschewing the defense element altogether. It is also the basis of the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena, with Defense of the Ancients being basically born as a 5 vs 5 reverse tower defense using Warcraft 3's hero mechanics.
Another form of Tower Defense features a single tower or gate on one side of the screen, which is then beset by the Creeps marching forth to destroy it. The player is usually given one or more weapons directly controlled by them, while upgrades may add automatic defenses and defenders.
The third form of defense game is the "Tug-of-War"/Beam-O-War style. In which there are two towers or bases at each end of one or more paths, and the player(s) and AI send different units down the path to attack the enemy base(s). Opposing units that meet will fight each other, and the object is to push the enemy force back to their own side and destroy their base(s).
Examples of Tower Defense as a Full Game:
 - Castle Panic: A board game tower defense game. Can be played solo or co-op.
Examples of Tower Defense as a Mini-Game:
 - Some user-created maps for other Real-Time Strategy games follow this style.
 - Age of Empires II: Age Of Kings (and the expansion pack Conquerors) had a "Wonder Race" game type, in which you are required to build a wonder and defend it for 200 years before your opponent(s).
 - "Red's Mighty Feathers" from Angry Birds adapts the Angry Birds formula for the Tower Defense genre. The pigs are advancing upon the egg using their vehicles, and the Red Bird must protect the egg by popping the pigs with his new homing power.
 - Animal Jam has "Pest Control", in which the player uses biological pest controlnote to prevent the pestsnote from reaching the end of the static path.
 - Assassin's Creed: Revelations had Den Defenses, where Templar soldiers assault one of dens controlled by the Assassins. Ezio is responsible for organizing the defense by placing barricades in the streets and various types of Assassins on the rooftops firing down upon them.
 - Blizzard Entertainment:
 - The Trope Maker was the various user-made defense maps in StarCraft - "Sunken D," "Turret D," "Stacked Photon D," etc. The Starcraft editor did not allow you to create new units or buildings, so they usually made much more use of mobile units than most current Tower Defenses. See, for example, this video of "Weed D," which is recognizably a fixed-path Tower Defense game except that the "towers" being "built" are Mutalisks.
 - The Trope Codifier was Tower Defense maps for Warcraft III. The editor was much more sophisticated than Starcraft's, allowing for greater variety in attack buildings. Multiple subgenres appeared and proliferated, such as the "Wintermaul" clones. By the time the Frozen Throne expansion came out, Blizzard included an official Tower Defense map as an Alliance campaign bonus level.
 - Civilization IV came with a "Civ Defense" mod, in which one starts with a certain number of cities, spends money (rather than the usual "hammers") to add to their fortifications and defenses, and then horde after horde of barbarians come at you.
 - Club Penguin had "System Defender", in which the player has to set up cannons to stop the Mecha-Mook from destroying the EPF Mainframe computer. Interestingly, while threats could be simulated by all players, there would be live threats that could be handled by members only.
 - The action-RPG CrossCode had 2 connected sidequests (+ a challenge quest for each) in the city of Basin Keep that were basically a tower defense minigame on top of the normal combat. The heroine Lea has to defend a point against waves of enemies with the help of turrets, which can be activated in neutral and elemental modes. Additionally, all the enemies have strong shields that only the turrets in the (otherwise weaker) neutral mode can break.
 - "Englos Defense", a bonus level in DROD: The Second Sky.
 - Final Fantasy VI and Final Fantasy VII are probably the Ur Examples:
 - Final Fantasy VI has an event similar to this halfway through the first part of the game; there's a difference in that you battle the mooks using the standard battle system, but otherwise the execution is the same.
 - The Fort Condor mini-game in Final Fantasy VII is essentially a tower defense game.
 - Version 1.3 of Genshin Impact has the "Theater Mechanicus" event, in which you can plant different kinds of "towers" to defeat waves of incoming enemies. The enemies won't attack you or the towers, but will keep walking towards the "exit" which you have to defend. You can attack the enemies, but they'll take no damage from your attacks, nor will your energy get charged; however, you can still exploit elemental effects and reactions to support your towers. This can also be played with another player. Completing a level unlocks materials you can use to upgrade the towers, as well as higher difficulties.
 - The Iron Grip series is part Tower Defense and part FPS.
 - A variation of this appears in Legion's Loyalty Mission in Mass Effect 2, where Mooks must march towards you in a fixed path while you have Legion hack a few turrets around the area to shoot at them. Alternatively, you can just cap them yourself.
 - Monster Hunter: Rise has Rampage quests where you take up arms in a stronghold where you can set up armaments like ballistas, cannons, and bombs; some of these installations are controlled by NPCs, while others are controlled by the player(s). Your goal is to fend off an onslaught of monsters who are trying to destroy a heavily fortified gate on the far end of the map. As you fulfill side objectives and defeat monsters, more types of "towers" become available.
 - Path of Exile's Blight expansion introduced missions where players had to defend a purifying device from monsters advancing over multiple lanes. While particularly powerful characters can clear them without assistance, usually you'd have to construct towers to damage, debuff and/or stall enemies. Blighted maps take it further, turning an entire location into a huge defense mission with over a dozen lanes and several unique bosses.
 - Phantasy Star Online 2 has two variants of this.
 - The first is Mining Base, Emergency Quests where players are tasked with protecting towers against increasingly powerful and aggressive waves of Darkers while collecting crystals to unlock new weapons and defensive measures.
 - The second is Buster Quests, introduced in Episode 5. The first half of these quests entail protecting towers from an onslaught of enemies, albeit with a wider array of weapons and defensive measures available from the start. The players are also tasked with raiding an enemy castle and destroying the boss therein.
 - Progressbar 95 has the Progress Defender minigame, in which the bar can only be moved on the x-axis and you have to protect it from red segments and Clippy that approach it. You need to place one of three buildings on three lanes with five spots each. They are Firewalls which stop Red Segments but are damaged by Clippy, Antiviruses that shoot at Clippy but have to be updated once in a while, and Generators that make 5% progress every couple of seconds. Each building costs 5% progress and you must reach 100% to win. It is intended to be slightly harder than the main game, so you get 1.25x for completing levels in


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If there was a woman photographer who arguably ruled over her contemporaries it was American shooter, Helen Levitt. Her jaw-dropping archive is about to be revisited in Helen Levitt at the Albertina Museum in Vienna, starting 12 October.
Levitt owned the New York streets. She started focusing on poor and marginalized neighborhoods such as the Lower East Side, Bronx, and Harlem — spending her days documenting the chronicle of the Big Apple. Her scope ranged from children playing on the streets, passersby engrossed in conversation and strangers on the mundane grind.
However, Levitt often added a twist to her supposedly'straight-photography'. Levitt valued the dynamics of elements at play in her images — always carefully and concisely composing her frames. Thus, her images would often have surrealist-influenced aesthetics. Chief Curator Walter Moser described her work to be "poetic and lyrical —an oversimplified reading, which has long obscured its tremendous complexity."
"Figures defamiliarized by masks or puzzling gestures bear the influence of Surrealism, for instance. Human interactions, which she represented as a kind of exceptionally dynamic stage performance, evidence her interest in the performative, including the expressive actions and themes that were extensively explored in the cinema at the time. Lastly, Levitt's focus on poor neighborhoods in New York can be understood as a critical response to a highly industrialized and profit-driven modernity, which was epitomized in the contemporaneous popular representations of clinical and technoid skyscrapers."
Street photographers revolutionized the use of color in straight photography and Levitt herself was a pioneer of the New Color Photography Movement, as she began using color film in 1959. Levitt was the first color photographer to be showcased in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Moser further explained her legacy in color photography:
"Helen Levitt's pictures thus combine every day with the political, the theatrical with the authentic, and the humorous with the abysmal. These elements can be discerned in her later work, as well, when she turned first to film in 1948 and then returned—in color—to photography in 1959. Levitt invented in her color work a new pictorial language, which indeed shares the interest in street life found in her black-and-white photographs, yet nevertheless often represents people as secondary to abstract color fields."
The upcoming exhibition will be open until 27 January 2019.


Rendering LaTeX using KaTeX and Jekyll
 06 December 2014 │
 LaTeX, Jekyll
So as a Ph.D. student who studies in Computer Science, using LaTeX to render the equations in my blog is inevitable. In general, I hope the render can support the following features:
The most popular way to render LaTeX within Jekyll is using MathJaX. There are lots of blogs (e.g. this) to show you how to configure it. But MathJaX has a huge shortage on rendering speed. It's slow, not for a bit, but so slow that you can see the web page refreshing itself.
Recently, I came across a new project KaTeX. It's fast as you can see the comparison below in which KaTeX is on the left and MathJax is on the right.
KaTeX vs Mathjax
So how to make KaTeX work in the Jekyll? Will Drevo offers a comprehensive manual to make it work. However, it requires us to write LaTeX code inside HTML div block. And I found this blog to explain how to use KaTeX with JavaScript. Combining both of these works, and with some extra effort, I find the approach to use KaTeX seamlessly inside Jekyll.
First of all, we need to configure Jekyll using Kramdown as markdown parser and MathJax as Kramdown's math engine. In result, inline math equation will be rendered into a script block with "math/tex" as type. Like this: tex code . Similarly the display style math equation will turn into a script block with "math/tex; mode=display" as type. Like this: tex code .
Secondly, let us put the required resources into the HTML head.
Finally, with the power of jQuery and KaTeX, we replace all the TeX code block to rendered high quality equations fast. But remember, this JavaScript should be loaded at the end of HTML file.
Here's the final result of rendered equation in below. Also you can do whatever custom you want in CSS file using class inline-equation and equation.
P(x)=1σ2πe(xμ)22σ2 P(x)=\frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}e^{-\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma ^2}}


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>Home>Learn XQuery>XQuery Tutorial>XQuery Introduction>External Functions and Variables
External Functions and Variables in XQuery
XQuery implementations are often embedded in an environment such as a Java or C# program or a relational database. The environment can provide external functions and variables to XQuery. To access these, a query must declare them in the prolog:
Listing 1.20 Module Declaration for a Library Module
define function outtie($v as xs:integer) as xs:integer external
define variable $v as xs:integer external
XQuery does not specify how such functions and variables are made available by the external environment, or how function parameters and arguments are converted between the external environment and XQuery.


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Services that provide a voice for the rights and interests of youth, such as information, referral and representation services.
- Advocacy and Legal Help
- Counselling and Support Groups
Peer support, help lines and counselling services for those ages approximately 30 years or younger.
Programs to help youth gain employment or employability skills. Includes federal and provincial job programs, career counselling, job search assistance, volunteer or paid work experiences, and job training.
Social, cultural, sport, and recreation programs targeted to youth approximately ages 10 to 25 years. Some programs are for youth with specific needs or challenges such as addictions or victims of bullying.


text: This seminar examines violence and peacemaking from a constructionist sociological framework. Interpretive, interpersonal, institutional and structural forms of violence are examined by reading personal narratives, testimonials and sociological studies. Following the insights of a wide range of thinkers, the seminar also explores the sense in which the violence implicit in knowledge and language may be understood as a core form of violence. Shifting focus to the study of nonviolence, the relation between dialogic understanding and peacemaking is then explored in reference to the work of Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. The seminar concludes with a case study of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine, Florida.


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> Vision, Mission and Belief
To become a professional, dynamic organization that actively raises the public awareness on the importance of mental health and support the younger generation to enhance their psychological well-being and to construct happy life.
1. To raise public awareness on the importance of mental and spiritual health through psycho-education, workshops, public events, and etc.
2. To benefit our children and youth by incorporating elements of counselling psychology into various forms of experiential activities such that children and youth can unearth their potentials, develop their talents and maintain a well-balanced and holistic development.
3. To provide counselling services for those who encounter hardships in daily life, academic and/or career.
4. To operate as a social enterprise with the aim to enhance the awareness of mental health and generalize mental health services to all members in the society.
To establish culturally appropriate counselling approach for local Chinese by integrating western psychology and Chinese culture.


Modeling Dynamic Functional Connectivity with Latent Factor Gaussian Processes
Lingge Li, Dustin Pluta, Babak Shahbaba, Norbert Fortin, Hernando Ombao, Pierre Baldi
Dynamic functional connectivity, as measured by the time-varying covariance of neurological signals, is believed to play an important role in many aspects of cognition. While many methods have been proposed, reliably establishing the presence and characteristics of brain connectivity is challenging due to the high dimensionality and noisiness of neuroimaging data. We present a latent factor Gaussian process model which addresses these challenges by learning a parsimonious representation of connectivity dynamics. The proposed model naturally allows for inference and visualization of the time-varying connectivity. As an illustration of the scientific utility of the model, application to a data set of rat local field potential activity recorded during a complex non-spatial memory task provides evidence of stimuli differentiation.


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A refrigerator relay, or start relay, jump-starts the refrigerator's compressor. Without the relay, no electrical charge is delivered to the compressor and the refrigerator does not cool. Relays usually make a loud clicking noise when they are in need of repair or replacement.Continue Reading
The relay is located on the lower back section of most refrigerators. It is protected by the terminal cover box and is plugged directly into the back of the compressor. Most relays have a set of copper coils, which, like the terminal on the compressor, must be kept clean and free of corrosion. Minor corrosion may be cleaned off using metal cleaner, but, like a car battery, if the corrosion is too severe, the relay might need to be replaced.
Solid state relays are becoming more popular. They use rotors to generate the power needed to start the compressor. When the compressor starts, it feeds electricity back into the relay that is maintained as long as the compressor is running. When the compressor shuts off, the rotors slow down,and the relay cools and gets ready for the next start. Once the rotor spin dips to between 60 to 80 percent of its full speed, the compressor starts again.Learn more about Refrigerators & Freezers


Games – Pass the Clap
By Randall | Games for Workshop
25 Dec 2011
Everyone stands in a circle. One person starts by making eye contact with the person next to them, and then both of them clap at the same time. The second person then turns to the next person, and they clap together. The "clap" is passed in this way around the circle until a pair does not clap in sync. The direction of the clap can also reverse, if the receiver does not turn and claps with the sender again. The receiver is in control of whether the clap will continue in its current direction, or switch, and they should use their body to indicate this to both of their neighbors.
Naturally, a rhythm develops, and the group will tend to clap with the rhythm, which is good, but you should never forsake your partner for the sake of the rhythm. If you see in their eyes or hands that they are not ready, slow down so you can clap together. However, once the group breaks the rhythm, they should all try to refocus and get back to it.
Variation 1: Pass the bear/chicken
Played on top of Pass the Clap. Instead of clapping, take a bear stance (with arms outstretched above your head into ferocious claws) and roar with your partner. Or fold your arms and flap them like a chicken while clucking like one. Once the clap is moving at a good, steady pace, someone can initiate the bear, and then the chicken. Since both of these movements are more involved than clapping, the bear and the chicken will move around the circle more slowly. That's ok! The result will be: receive bear, pass bear, receive chicken, pass chicken, receive clap, pass clap, catch breath for a second and prepare to receive bear again. It will feel very harried as you are constantly doing something, which is good training for the mental gymnastics your brain has to do if you are really working and paying attention in an improv scene. Do not try to switch direction, or a bear will end up eating a chicken.
Variation 2: Pass the RAP
Played the same way as Pass the Clap, but in addition to clapping at the same time, each pair of people also chooses a "rap" word (like "YAY-ah", "Bitches","Money","Gat","Bling", etc.). The first time around the circle, have the initiator clap and say the word, then have both people in the pairing clap and say the word together. Definitely include some direction switches; repetition makes this game even more fun than it already is.
Purpose: This games helps us communicate very quickly and watch for non-verbal clues, while also reinforcing group focus. The variations give us an opportunity to do stop worrying about looking stupid and just have fun with the group.
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On a one-dimensional board with n + m + 1 cells, there are n counters in the first n cells representing Toads and m counters in the last m cells representing Frogs. The empty cell is represented by X. For illustration, if n = 4 and m = 3, then the problem is as depicted below:
T T T T X F F F
Toads and Frogs take turns moving. Moves consist of sliding a Toad or Frog into the empty cell or jumping over one opposing creature into the empty cell. (Toads cannot jump over themselves and neither can Frogs.) Toads can only move rightward and Frogs can only move leftward.
What is the total number of moves (i.e. jumps and slides) required for the toads to switch their positions with the frogs as depicted below:
F F F X T T T T
ALGORITHM: To solve the problem, whenever there is a choice between a slide and a jump, the jump must be made.
ILLUSTRATION: Consider n = 2 toads and m = 1 frog, then the algorithm could proceed as follows:
T T X F T X T F Slide T F T X Jump T F X T Slide X F T T Jump F X T T Slide
Hence, a total of five moves is required for n = 2 toads and m = 1 frog.


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Top 5 Key Considerations when Building a ResearchKit Appby Chintan Patel, PhD
Bake your own Mobile Research App. No coding. No upfront cost.Register Now
ResearchKit is an open source library released by Apple in 2015 which has opened up unprecedented opportunity to conduct research studies on mobile devices and already within a year or so of its launch about two dozens such apps have been released and we anticipate a lot more to come in the days ahead.. The library provides several useful modules to create consent, conduct surveys and display charts and graphs and importantly access user data via device sensors or local device data store (HealthKit). However, there are several key architecture decisions that are left to the research app developers to make and these require careful consideration. We outline 5 of the major issues that need to be taken care when developing ResearchKit apps. Once these 5 key considerations are dealt with, you're ready to build a great research study mobile app.
1. Participant Signup and Identity Matching
A very common research study workflow that you will need to consider is offline consent and recruiting. Depending on the study, Participants maybe recruited in-person (in a hospital, clinic) by the research team and then asked to download the research study app. The challenge in this scenario is how to tie and match the identity of the actual participant signing up in-person and the person downloading the app. To make the matters worse, these apps are available openly on the App Stores (iTunes, Google Play), hence anyone can download and be part of the study.
To overcome these issues, we recommend using one of the following methods:
- Unique Participant Code: The research investigator uses her study "administrator" login (web or mobile application) to generate a participant specific code that is required to be entered by the participant after they download and open the app for the first time. Note that this requires that the code generating app or computer is easily accessible to the researcher. Also patients need to manually type that code into the app, which may be error prone.
- Email Matching: Another approach is to enter the participant's email in the "administrator" login and simply require the participant to use that particular email when signing up or sending them the unique code in the mail invite.
- QR Code: A more sophisticated approach would be print out a QR code that the participants can scan using their phone. There can be 2 QR codes, one that opens up the iTunes app store and second one to identify the participant uniquely.
- Open access/Data Ignore policy: A low tech approach would be to let everyone sign up on the app and during the data analysis phase, only include the data of participants that were registered in-person. Note, that since all users of the study app must go through the mobile consent process, they have technically given the permission to use their data and depending upon the actual study setup, this "extra" data may prove to be of additional value.
2. Data Storage and Connectivity
Generally research study apps send the data collected as part of the study to a secure remote server. This presents a new set of challenges in terms of data security and maintaining device connectivity to the Internet. Consider the following scenario:
A research study participant fills in a 15 screen survey in a New York City subway and presses "submit". Since the app is not connected to the Internet and depending on how it was programmed, it might loose all the data or crash badly. The participant has to re-enter all data again.
The key decision for the app developer is to ensure such scenarios and program the app in such a way so as to prevent such data loss and frustration among participants who are volunteering their valuable time for the study. We describe some battle-tested approaches to handle such scenarios:
- Sync/Offline Storage: One of the ways to ensure data connectivity issues is to store a copy of the data on mobile device before sending it out to the server. In case of failure, the app can retry when internet connection is reestablished. For apps that have simple APIs, Parse Platform SDK provides an open source library that takes care of such syncing issues. Note that this approach is limited to scenarios where the amount of data to be stored/synced is small.
- Connection Check: A straightforward approach is to hook into the app's life-cycle event when it becomes active, so that if the Internet connection is not available, the user is prohibited from entering any data. A message as shown below can be used if the connection is unreachable.
3. Security and Protecting Privacy
One of the most important considerations in building a research mobile study app is to ensure the security and privacy of the participants data. With mobile applications the data can be potentially accessible to third-party apps. Moreover the participants can potentially lose the device or it might get stolen. All such scenarios need to be considered to maintain data integrity and security.
We recommend some of the following approaches to ensure security of your research study app:
Mobile Audit Log: As part of maintaining a audit logs, one of the standard practices is to store the log at a database or API access level to keep track of all the data access events. However, with mobile apps not all actions on the device lead to a database query on the remote server. To capture all the actions performed on the device, an "event" tracker needs to be added that tracks different screens and actions made by the user. More on this to be added later.
4. Opt-Out and End of Study
All research study apps should provide a mechanism for participants to opt-out of the study at any point in time. Also the participants should be notified once the study ends.
We recommend following best practices for such scenarios:
- Data Collection: In general, mobile research apps that collect active or passive data (from Wearables, Sensors, HealthKit or Google Fit), data collection should stop after the study ends. The participants should also be notified via a push message or via email that their data will no longer be collected once the study has ended (this should also be cleared explained in the consent process). Alternatively, the participants can be allowed to share/collect the data if it helps them in other ways, for example, a mood tracking study app might also have uses to participants beyond the study for self quantification or similar health related purposes. In such scenarios, we recommend letting the patients use the app but storing a participant study end date to enable proper scientific data analysis and separation of "study" data from user data
- End of Study Survey: If the study requires a end of study survey or opt-out survey, it could be triggered by using a push notification after the duration of x days of joining. The end of study survey can also show options whether the participant wants to continue to use the app after the end of study or simply end their participation.
- Study End Screen: If study does not require participants to enter data or use the app after the study end date, then we suggest displaying a end of study screen (see an example below). This also makes it clear to the participants that the app is no longer collecting data from the device.
- Data Sharing: We also encourage allowing participants to download their own data. This can be triggered via a button in the app that sends an email with a CSV file with all the data collected. It is also a good practice to share the study results and finding in the form of publications, blogs, or press releases. For studies that can de-identify data, we also recommend sharing all participants data and analysis scripts for public use through Github or other mechanisms. This can be used as a case study to recruit participants for your future studies.
5. Apple Guidelines
After you are done with the iOS app development, there is one last hurdle to overcome before launching the study. Submitting your app through the Apple App Store review process – it may take anywhere from 4-7 days for initial and subsequent reviews (although recently, we have noticed the review times go down to 24-48hrs for post launch reviews). The review process will check several things including:
- App Icon: As opposed to normal iOS apps, the ResearchKit apps recommend an icon that is split in half showing the sponsoring institution and the app purpose. See some examples below:
Exceptions are possible as with the case of America Walks (email us to know why 🙂
- Battery usage: All apps that use background fetch to update the data or send data to servers require an explicit line about battery use. Here it is:
"Use of the study App may cause some device battery usage but this would be minimal."
- HealthKit usage: If you app is using HealthKit for data storage or retrieval, then it has to go through another checklist regarding UI/UX and data-use from HealthKit.
In this blog, we have highlighted few key considerations that are integral to developing a ResearchKit study app that require customization beyond the basic modules. In our next article on the series, we have discussed considerations around HIPAA for ResearchKit mobile study app. Keep reading!


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Pricing a Spread Option in MATLAB
A Spread option is an example of an option that has a payoff that is both path dependent and is dependent on multiple assets. This makes it ideally suited for pricing using the Monte-Carlo approach as discussed in the Monte-Carlo Methods tutorial.
The Simulating Multiple Asset Paths in MATLAB tutorial gives an example of a MATLAB function for generating the types of correlated multiple asset paths required for option pricing using Monte-Carlo methods. That tutorial is expanded here where MATLAB code for pricing a Spread option is presented.
MATLAB Script: Spread
The following is code for generating a user specified number of correlated asset paths for two assets and then using those paths to price a given Spread option. The payoff of the option is given by
where Δ(t)max is the maximum spread between the two assets over the lifetime of the option and Δallowable is a constant pre-specified maximum allowable spread.
% Script to price a spread option using a monte-carlo approach % Some parts of this could be vectorized, but has not been done here % so that it's easier to understand what's going on. % Define required parameters S0 = [50 52]; r = 0.02; mu = [0.03 0.04]; sig = [0.1 0.15]; corr = [1 0;0 1]; allowableSpread = 4; dt = 1/365; etime = 50; % days to expiry T = dt*etime; nruns = 100000; % generate the paths S = AssetPathsCorrelated(S0,mu,sig,corr,dt,etime,nruns); % The payoff is path dependent payoff = nan*ones(nruns,1); for idx = 1:nruns maxDifference = diff(squeeze(S(:,idx,:)),1,2); maxSpread = max(abs(maxDifference)); if any(maxSpread>allowableSpread) payoff(idx) = 0; else payoff(idx) = maxSpread; end end % Determine the option price oPrice = mean(payoff)*exp(-r*T)
The following shows the results of executing the Spread script.
oPrice = 1.3074
Other MATLAB based Monte-Carlo tutorials are linked off the Software Tutorials page.


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Kinetic model of primary photosynthetic processes in chloroplasts. Modeling of the fast phase of fluorescence induction at different light intensities and inhibitors actions
"Математика. Компьютер. Образование". Cб. трудов XI международной конференции. Под общей редакцией Г.Ю. Ризниченко Ижевск: Научно-издательский центр "Регулярная и хаотическая динамика", 2004. Vol. 2. Pp. 765-776.
Kinetic model of photosystem II (PS II) complex was developed with the detailed description of the reactions rates. The PS II model is shown to give realistic description of the fast phase of fluorescence induction (FI) curves measured in vivo for high light intensities. Theoretical results demonstrated the kinetic peculiarities of the rising part of the FI curve to be determined by the fluorescent states accumulation dynamics. Kinetic parameters were varied in PS II model to simulate the changing of the quinone pool capacity or pH in lumen and stroma compartments. The model PS II could be modified to describe the light-induced effects in the presence of artificial chemical compounds (DCMU).


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Article: article from journal or magazin.
The database search problem: a question of rational decision making
Forensic Science International
_PHONE_ ; 0379-0738
This paper applies probability and decision theory in the graphical interface of an influence diagram to study the formal requirements of rationality which justify the individualization of a person found through a database search. The decision-theoretic part of the analysis studies the parameters that a rational decision maker would use to individualize the selected person. The modeling part (in the form of an influence diagram) clarifies the relationships between this decision and the ingredients that make up the database search problem, i.e., the results of the database search and the different pairs of propositions describing whether an individual is at the source of the crime stain. These analyses evaluate the desirability associated with the decision of 'individualizing' (and 'not individualizing'). They point out that this decision is a function of (i) the probability that the individual in question is, in fact, at the source of the crime stain (i.e., the state of nature), and (ii) the decision maker's preferences among the possible consequences of the decision (i.e., the decision maker's loss function). We discuss the relevance and argumentative implications of these insights with respect to recent comments in specialized literature, which suggest points of view that are opposed to the results of our study.
Database search Evidential value Bayesian decision theory Influence diagrams
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CMC-Canada Communities
We are very excited to provide CMC-canada members access to a number of community groups within the newly launched member hub
We encourage you to peruse the available Groups and select the ones that interest you the most.
Please follow these simple steps to start engaging with your fellow members:
 1. Click on the link(s) below
 2. You will be prompted to login
 3. Now select the "Join Group" in the upper right of the page
 4. Click on "Forum" to see the latest conversations and start engaging!
Industry comes from the Latin industria, which means "diligence, hard work,".
A group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of income are included here,
for example agriculture, energy, government, and manufacturing.
Functional - used to contribute to the development or maintenance of a larger whole
Communities and groups based on standard organizational functions are included here, including for example
finance, operations, supply chain, human resources, and information technology.
special interest
Special Interest - a shared interest in advancing a specific area of knowledge, learning or technology where members cooperate to affect or produce solutions, and to contribute to the development or maintenance of a larger whole
Are you a member interested in leading one of our online communities? Please contact: