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In yesterday's ACTVAC handicap results I have included the AST% figures, and will do so in future, because they are an interesting way of comparing the times of each runner which takes their age into account.
What are AST percentages?
AST stands for "Age Standard Times". They are calculated against the actual age of each competitor in an event.
In 1989 the World Association of Veteran Athletes (WAVA) developed the first age-graded tables in one-year age increments and they have since been updated.
The tables are composed of world class standards as a function of both age and distance. That means that for every age starting at age 8 and going to age 100 there are standards for every long distance running event, for every common track & field event, and for race walking.
Using the data in the tables it is possible to determine an age graded time (as seen in the results of the Australian Masters Championships in Hobart) and the equivalent percentage (as provided yesterday and with most ACTVAC results.)
Here's an example of how the calculations are done for three masters men in a 10K race.
In the above example, the 64 year old man had the best performance, even though he had the slowest finishing time.
Rough "classifications" are recognised to be as follows:
100%= Approximate World Record Level
Over 90%= World Class
Over 80%= National Class
Over 70%= Regional Class
So when you see the AST% listed, you know that the higher scores are the better results. The scores give everyone a new incentive to improve their performances in a measurable way. And provide you with new rivals to challenge as you try and get a higher AST% than someone who has been ahead of you. Not to mention an extra reason to celebrate your birthday every year, not just every five years!
Are you short of energy?
Here's Katy's solution!
21 minutes ago


IN RPM 24 MASTER ID has now been renamed to Bypass Code, please redirect to this page for an updated article. _URL_
A master ID is a code that may represent various different things from regions to contracts. This code can be any column on your import spreadsheets/transfers. Commission items can have a master ID imported in the commission data, or a Rep ID can be assigned to a master ID.
Master IDs can be assigned to accounts groups, making it easy to apply a special rule only when the Master ID is imported.
A good example of usage of the Master ID would depends on each set of data coming into RPM, but think of it like a value on each row that you can use to set a special rate or payout. Region being a common usage, or if you wanted to group a set of commission items for internal staff.
Adding a master ID
There are two ways to add a master ID:
1. Automatic: When RPM imports a new master ID it adds it to the system (upload matrix setup).
2. Manual: On the details page of a supplier click Add a master ID


Thursday, September 29, 2011
Back Button Focusing, What? Why? And How?
Excuse the quality of the picture, this is the best I could get out of my wife's P&S
So you've heard about BBF or Back Button Focusing and was wondering what BBF is. Maybe you also heard that once you get used to it you will never go back. In this post I will tell you what is BBF and why it is one of the best things that makes using a DSLR more practical and enjoyable.
BBF is short for Back Button Focusing, which means that you will move the focusing function from the shutter button to one of the buttons at the back of the camera (usually the "*" button on a Canon), check the picture of my Canon 60D at the top, you will find three buttons on the top right part at the back of the camera (Rebels or xxxD series only have two).
Usually half pressing the shutter button initiates auto-focusing and auto-metering, and completing the press snaps the picture, the whole idea of BBF is to remove this focusing function from the shutter button and move it to a button on the back, but why would anyone want to do that?
For one very simple reason, in order not to let the camera focus everytime you press the shutter button to take a picture. You are going to tell me "but I can easily switch the lens to manual focus and achieve the same result", true, you can, but can you do the the same as in the scenarios that I will mention below?
But before that, I must tell you how I have assigned the buttons on my camera first, so that you can imagine what I am talking about when I am describing the scenarios.
 - A half press of the shutter starts metering (exposure calculation).
 - A full press on the shutter will snap the picture whether it is in focus or not.
 - A press on the "*" button at the back will engage auto-focusing (will focus and lock the focus once if "Single Shot" is chosen, will keep focusing and tracking if "AI Servo" is chosen).
 - AEL button remains as it is, locks exposure when pressed.
The above configuration is not the only available configuration, you can shuffle the different functions between the buttons as you wish, I have 10 different possible combinations on my 60D.
One advantage of the xxD and xD series Canons over the xxxD (Rebel) series is the extra "AEL" button, if you have an xxxD camera, you'll have to sacrifice the exposure lock function in order to use the "*" button at the back for focusing instead.
You can change the button assignment on your Canon via the custom functions "C.Fn." menu under the settings, they are listed on this Canon's Learning Center page for different cameras.
There's an easier way to do it on the 60D through the quick menu, press the "Q" button, go to button assignments and you will find something that looks like this.
Custom controls quick menu on a Canon 60D
For Nikon users I found this link that describes how to set it up, if you can't do it on your Nikon, please tell us in the comments and Mic will be glad to help.
[Mic: For Nikon, the process is similar, although it varies by camera model. In some higher-end cameras such as the Nikon D300 there is an independent AF-ON button. The camera will focus when that button is pressed. However, by default the camera will also focus when the shutter is half-pressed. To use BBF, you disable the focus of the half-pressed shutter. This is an option listed under the Autofocus options. In the D300, it's option a5 AF Activation.
On older cameras such as the Nikon D70, you can use BBF but you have to use the AE-L button as the BBF button, thus giving up AE-L. To enable BBF, find the option for selecting the function of the AE-L button and change it to AF-ON. Enabling that option automatically disables the focus on half-pressing the shutter.
On still other cameras, such as the Nikon D80, there is no dedicated AF-ON button but there is a user-selectable Fn button that can be used for BBF. Alternatively, you can assign the AE-L function to the Fn button and use the AE-L button as the BBF button. The process is similar to that of the Nikon D70.]
I have read almost all of the posts and the forum topics that talk about BBF, and some of them list some possible usage scenarios that are straight out of science fiction books. I will tell you about the real life situatioins where BBF has helped me.
- Focus & Recompose: Imagine you're shooting someone using the focus and recompose method, you've already focused the picture, moved the camera a little to a composure of your liking and took the picture. Now imagine that the person in front of you made an interesting face or you said some instruction to them and want to take another picture, if you press the shutter again the camera will try to focus again compromising the focus you've already set, and you'll have to focus and recompose from the start again, while if you're using BBF you can happily shoot away while the focus remains set from the first time.
- Tripod Shooting: Imagine you have the camera on a tripod shooting some product, you have the focus set and you're taking several pictures, unless you change the focus button to manual, everytime you press the shutter button (and it is way more annoying when you're using a remote release) the camera will try to auto-focus and ruin your set focus.
- Difficult Focusing Situations: This happened to me a lot with the Canon G11, I was shooting some dark women dresses for an ad, the dress' position was fixed and I was standing in the same position, when I tried to focus the camera, it kept hunting and giving me the red rectangle which means it can't focus (dress is dark and has no contrast to help the camera focus), so I increased the room lights, the camera focused correctly, I turned the lights down and took my first picture, you can imagine what happened next, when I tried to take another picture the camera started hunting for focus (again!) and threw my correct focus away, ARGH!
If I had BBF then, I would set the focus once and shoot as many pictures as I like.
I assume you got the idea by now, the MAIN advantage is that you can set your focus, and shoot as many pictures as you like without the camera trying to focus again. However there are other useful scenarios for BBF:
- Canon's USM technology enables you to use the focusing ring at anytime even if the focusing button is set to "auto", that way using BBF you can focus manually at will and start shooting pictures without the camera trying to auto-focus, that way you can forget about the lens focus setting (manual or auto). A counter argument in this case would say "but I can set the lens to manual focusing and do the same thing", but there's a difference, sometimes (especially when shooting macro, and the camera's AF struggles) I quickly press the "*" button at the back to get the focus in the vicinity of correct focus, then resume focusing manually myself, after I''m satisfied with the focus, I know that when I press the shutter button the camera won't try to auto-focus and ruin my efforts.
- Finally, one great benefit for us Canon users (not sure about Nikon, Mic?*) is that we can use one focusing setting to either capture still or moving subjects. Let me explain, on Canon cameras we have three focusing settings (not entirely sure about the 7D and the 1D), Single Shot, AI Focus and AI Servo.
Single shot focuses once and stops when focus is achieved, AI Servo keeps focusing and tracking whatever it is that you're focusing on, and AI Focus is supposed to be an intelligent mode that detects whether it should use single shot mode or track subjects if they're moving, but I never had reliable success with it.
With BBF, I leave my camera on AI Servo all the time, that way I can use it as a single shot or track something without changing any settings, pressing the "*" button would focus until I release the button (when the subject is still), or I can keep the button pressed to track a moving subject.
[*Mic: For Nikon, we have similar options, although it varies by camera. At a minimum, there is a manual focus mode (M), a single focus mode (S), a continuous focus mode (C). The function of the continuous focus mode can be changed from always attempting focus (similar to Canon's AI Servo), a mode called AF-A where it's similar to single but will switch to continuous when the subject moves (similar to Canon's AI Focus). On some cameras there is a separate button for AF-A, whereas on other cameras AF-A is selected in the menus. Some older cameras such as the D70 don't have AF-A at all.]
I will tell you a little story, when I saw all the rage about BBF, and all the "I tried it and I never went back" stories I was excited to try it myself, and I first tried it on my 550D I used for one or two times and decided that I hated it and it slowed me down and


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A multi-site method to capture turnover in rare to common interactions in bipartite species networks
journal contributionposted on 2022-04-01, 00:58 authored by MV Henriksen, G Latombe, DG Chapple, SL Chown, Melodie McGeochMelodie McGeoch
Ecological network structure is maintained by a generalist core of common species. However, rare species contribute substantially to both the species and functional diversity of networks. Capturing changes in species composition and interactions, measured as turnover, is central to understanding the contribution of rare and common species and their interactions. Due to a large contribution of rare interactions, the pairwise metrics used to quantify interaction turnover are, however, sensitive to compositional change in the interactions of, often rare, peripheral specialists rather than common generalists in the network. Here we expand on pairwise interaction turnover using a multi-site metric that enables quantifying turnover in rare to common interactions (in terms of occurrence of interactions). The metric further separates this turnover into interaction turnover due to species turnover and interaction rewiring. We demonstrate the application and value of this method using a host–parasitoid system sampled along gradients of environmental modification. In the study system, both the type and amount of habitat needed to maintain interaction composition depended on the properties of the interactions considered, that is, from rare to common. The analyses further revealed the potential of host switching to prevent or delay species loss, and thereby buffer the system from perturbation. Multi-site interaction turnover provides a comprehensive measure of network change that can, for example, detect ecological thresholds to habitat loss for rare to common interactions. Accurate description of turnover in common, in addition to rare, species and their interactions is particularly relevant for understanding how network structure and function can be maintained.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Learn all about the Cha-Cha!
What is the Cha-Cha?
The cha-cha is one of the five main Latin ballroom dances most frequently taught in dance schools around the world. The steps are compact and based partly on the rumba and mambo, with plenty of hip and pelvic movements. The basic forward movement is supplemented with various turns, dips, and slides.
History of the Cha-Cha
Like the rumba, the cha-cha can trace its roots to the Afro-Cuban community in Havana. Big bands from the U.S. mainland made their way into the exciting clubs that populated the capital and developed a unique fusion of rumba music and American jazz that eventually came to be known as the Mambo.
When famed dance teacher Pierre Lavelle (aka "Monsieur Pierre") arrived in Cuba to study local dance in the early 1950s, he noticed the additional steps that many performers added to the typical mambo and rumba. He returned to England and began teaching these extra steps as an entirely different dance, which later came to be known as the cha-cha. A number of theories attempt to explain the origins of the name: the Cuban dance known as the guaracha, the gliding steps of the chasse, and even supposedly the sound of a type of Haitian bell. Whatever its true source, however, there's no question that the cha-cha has become one of the most popular Latin dances in the world.
How to Dance the Cha-Cha/Basic Dance Steps
The cha-cha endures as a popular ballroom dance partly because of its appealing mix of breezy movements and smoldering sensuality. Some things to keep in mind as you perform the cha-cha:
- Cha-cha music is in 4/4 time.
- Steps are small and compact, with most of the movement happening in the hips and pelvic areas.
- Although this is an oversimplification, think of the cha-cha as being a series of sliding steps, with weight constantly shifting from one foot to another as you rock back and forth between each step. Keep your legs flexible and supple, bending and straightening them as you shift your weight.
- The dance typically commences on the music's second beat.
- The lead begins with the left foot, while the follower begins with the right.
The basic forward movement is a must for beginners interested in learning how to dance the cha-cha:
- Slide your Left Foot forward, shifting your weight onto that foot. Keep your Right Foot stationary.
- Shift your weight to your Right Foot.
- Step back to the side-left and shift your weight to your Left Foot. As you do so, close with your Right Foot.
- Shift your weight onto your Right Foot. Shift your Left Food to the side and shift weight onto your Left Food. Keep your Right Foot stationary.
Great Cha-Cha Dance Songs
"Quizas, Quizas, Quizas" (various artists)
"Smooth" (Rob Thomas and Santana)
"Kokomo" (Beach Boys)
"Under the Boardwalk" (The Drifters)
"Bailamos" (Enrique Iglesias)
Cha-Cha in the Movies
"Flower Drum Song" (1961)
"Dirty Dancing" (1987)
"Shall We Dance?" (2004)


Sleeping With A Blanket Overhead? What Does It Mean?
Meaning Of Sleeping With Blanket Overhead
Most of us have different bedtime rituals; however, we have this one thing in common, and that is, we often cover our head with a blanket when we are asleep.
For others, covering one's head with a blanket while sleeping may find it odd, but for most people, they love sleeping with a blanket over their head. However, what does it mean to sleep with a blanket overhead?
Sleeping with blanket overhead can mean a few things. First is that you may be cold, and covering your head with a blanket will keep you warm. Another thing is that you find the room bright, and you want to block the light by covering your head, and lastly, you just want the feeling of safe and secured by cocooning yourself with a blanket.
Even though this habit makes you feel comfortable and makes you fall asleep faster, it cannot deny the fact that it is dangerous for your health.
That is why you must know the health hazards it can cause you so that you can break this bad habit right away. Hence, listed below are the dangers of sleeping with a blanket overhead.
Dangers Of Sleeping Undercover With A Blanket
Blankets are used for protecting your body against the cold weather and sometimes, for insect bites when you are camping.
However, people find tucking their whole body from head to toes under a warm and cozy blanket give them the therapeutic vibe they need since it can help them manage their stress and anxiety.
Nonetheless, according to some experts, you should avoid covering your head with a blanket since it brings danger to your health, such as the following:
This can damage your brain
According to some studies, covering your head while sleeping can contribute to the causes of brain damage, and one of the well-known neurodegenerative disorders is so-called dementia.
Dementia, when it became progressive, may lead to another disorder called Alzheimer's disease. The reason why covering one's head may cause brain damage is that you have a restricted airflow to your brain since your nose and mouth cannot get enough oxygen.
Therefore, your brain does not get enough oxygen to function properly. When this happens for a longer period of time, the tissues and vessels in your brain will become damaged, which can lead to unwanted consequences, and worst it may cause death.
You may breathe in unclean air
Even though you are asleep, your body, especially your heart and brain, still need fresh air to function properly.
However, since your body is cocooned in a thick blanket, you cannot assure that the air you are breathing in is still clean since you created a tiny space wherein the air that circulates is fresh.
Therefore, there is a possibility that the air you are breathing in has dust particles, dirt, and bacteria, especially if your blanket is not clean. That is why some people trigger their allergies because of this bad habit since they breathe a dust-filled air particle confined only in that tiny space they created.
The risk for insomnia and other sleeping problems
Covering your head while sleeping can reduce the quality of your sleep, especially if you are a hot sleeper, yet you still love covering your head with a blanket.
You may find sweating or warm, and this can keep you awake throughout the night. Hence, if this habit continues over time, you may develop sleeping disorders such as insomnia, which is the leading sleeping disorder among Americans.
In addition to this, covering your head while asleep can also impair your breathing pattern since you have limited access to air, which can add up to the reason why you cannot sleep properly.
Greater risk for suffocation
Even though you find covering your head with a blanket at night comfortable, there is a specific risk this habit may bring, most notably to your respiratory system.
If you have underlying respiratory conditions such as asthma, heart problems, and sleep apnea, you may be at higher risk for suffocation since you have a limited supply of air inside your blanket.
That is why it is better you break off this bad habit, as this can lead to a greater risk of suffocation, especially for those people with lung disease when they cover their heads with a blanket while asleep.
Development of sleep apnea
What is sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is a serious sleeping disorder wherein there is a problem in the breathing pattern that can make you snore while you are asleep and give you the feeling of restlessness, even though you had a full night sleep.
The primary cause of sleep apnea is a narrowed airway circulation, which you can experience if you are sleeping while your head is covered with a blanket, as this can affect the quantity of air that can circulate on your airways.
It can lower your alertness during emergency situations
One major reason why you prefer sleeping with a covered head is to make it look dimmer and to lessen the noise or any kind of distraction that can hinder your sleep.
However, in return, you will be able to hear and smell right away if there is something that is happening around you, such as emergencies like fire or a thief trying to break in.
Therefore, to avoid such unfortunate events from happening, avoid this habit of covering your head while sleeping so that your senses are still alert, or you can be easily awakened when such things happen.
Instead of hiding your head to catch some good night's sleep, consider having a humidifier in your room to freshen the air and make the room set a vibe for sleeping.
Hence, you already know the hazards it can bring to your health if you continue sleeping with a covered head. However, on the other hand, there is one benefit this habit can do. You may continue reading it below to know more about it.
The Benefit Of Sleeping With A Blanket Overhead
While you may find this odd, there is actually one benefit this bad habit can bring. However, it does not outweigh the risks over this one benefit.
That is why it is better recommended to discontinue doing this if you have made this habit for so long.
The ability to breathe in warmer air
You might be wondering what benefit could breathe in a warmer air bring? Well, according to some people, breathing in a warmer air reduces the risk of catching a cold, and this is how it works:
When you catch a cold or flu, your body will start showing signs and symptoms such as having a sore throat, congested nose, and sometimes your ear might be a bit stuffy as well.
Since these body parts might become colder first before your other body parts, this means that a colder body implies a weaker immune system, which is the likelihood of getting sick.
Simply breathing in warmer air can help prevent illnesses and can keep your body temperature warmer. Moreover, breathing in cold air has always been linked to respiratory issues that cause diseases.
Therefore, you must break this old sleeping habit and just do these simple sleeping tips instead, so that you can still have that good night's sleep you get from that old habit. You can read more below to know these sleeping tips for a healthier and safer sleep.
Healthy sleeping habits for adults
Your habits during the daytime, and most especially before bedtime can affect the quality of your sleep since it can lead to a relaxing and healthy sleep, or a restless night.
That is why following a daily routine such as the food and drink that you eat, your schedule for the day, and lastly, the way you will spend your time before hitting the hay can greatly impact your sleep. In fact, just a few adjustments of time can make a difference in the quality of your sleep.
That is why some experts recommend completing this two-week sleep diary to understand further how your daily routine can affect the quality of your sleep.
If you have bad sleeping habits and you think that breaking of that habit can make your sleep uncomfortable, you should try these healthy sleeping habits to replace your bad habit and make your everyday sleep better and healthier.
Sleeping Tips
Try to follow these simple sleeping tips so that you can establish healthy sleeping habits.
Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
If you have established a sleep schedule wherein you must go to bed before 10'o clock in the evening and wake up at 6'o clock in the morning, you must strictly follow this schedule every day, even on weekends, or during your vacation.
In this way, your body already has its own body clock wherein you will automatically wake up on your own without setting the alarm.
In my case, since I go to work at 8'o clock in the morning, I wake up at five in the morning so that I can still have time to meditate before preparing myself to get to work. I need to go to bed around 9'o clock in the evening so that I can still an 8-hour full sleep since this is the recommended hours of sleep for adults.
Do a relaxing bedtime routine
Practicing a relaxing routine activity before bedtime, such as reading books or listening to classical music, can promote a healthy good night's sleep.
Moreover, these activities can help you set your mood from activities that can cause your excitement or anxiety juices to go up. Hence, catching asleep is more likely difficult since your mind and body are still active.
Avoid taking afternoon naps
Indeed, taking power naps for at least 10 to 15 minutes can get you throughout the day. However, if you have trouble catching sleep during the night, it is best if you eliminate taking naps at any time of the day.
Look for comfortable mattress and pillows
As we have been discussed on previous blog post that sleeping on a soft and comfortable pillow is the key to a good night's sleep; therefore, look for a pillow and mattress that will suit your sleeping position whether you are a side sleeper, back sleeper, or a sleeper who loves


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Tennessee Heritage: Soldiers Monument founders' families' assistance needed10:18 am | October 15, 2012
In our last column, we wrote about the building of our Soldiers Monument in the courthouse square; the question then arose about the identity of the primary people involved in the project.
This led to further research about the monument, and we learned there are inscriptions on the north face of the obelisk. The one highest up on the structure says, "In memory of Mary Patton who made the powder that fought the Kings Mountain battle. Placed by her great-grandson, T.Y. Patton."
Most Carter Countians will remember that Mary McKeehan Patton was an early settler, and according to the Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture:
"Mary McKeehan Patton, pioneer gunpowder manufacturer, was born in England in 1751 and immigrated with her family to Pennsylvania in the late 1760s. McKeehan served an apprenticeship, possibly under her father, David McKeehan, and learned the art of gunpowder making. In 1772 she married John Patton, an Irish immigrant, who served as a private in the Pennsylvania militia early in the American Revolution. The Pattons manufactured gunpowder in the Cumberland County region of Pennsylvania. Following the birth of two children, the couple sold their Carlisle powder mill for cash and migrated to the Overmountain region of North Carolina, now East Tennessee. With the help of family friend Andrew Taylor, they established a mill on what became known as Powder Branch, adjacent to the Taylor homeplace. Patton earned her place in history by providing over five hundred pounds of gunpowder to the 850 Overmountain Men led by Isaac Shelby and William Campbell for the battle of Kings Mountain during the Revolutionary War. Essential to the victory over Major Patrick Ferguson's British troops was Patton's gunpowder … On December 15, 1836, Mary Patton died and was buried in Patton-Simmons Cemetery near … [near Milligan College] The family tradition of gunpowder manufacturing continued until after the Civil War, when the powder mill was sold."
She continued to make powder for many years, and furnished it to people as far away as South Carolina, for $1 per pound. During those years, land often sold for 50 cents up to $1 an acre and she tried to acquire new property every time she sold a load of gunpowder. It has been reported that, at the time of her death, she owned more than 3,000 acres of land!
The local chapter of the DAR is named for her, and that organization has published the following information:
"Chapter Name – Its History & Significance: Mary McKeehan Patton (_PHONE_) Gunpowder Maker – Mary Patton was an early settler who came to the area presently in Carter County with her husband, John. She had learned how to make gun powder as an apprentice in England. When Nathaniel Taylor, who had married Mary's cousin, settled in Carter County, he built a powder mill. Here Mary Patton worked making gun powder … The Overmountain Men are justly famed for their rugged strength in marching and their unrelenting courage in fighting and winning the critical battle of Kings Mountain. Yet, without the skill of a woman, their task could never have been completed. On September 24,1780, when the men departed to fight the British at the Battle of Kings Mountain, it was Mary who furnished the vital 500 pounds of gunpowder from her mill. The men planned a surprise attack on the British to prevent the British from coming across the mountains and raiding Watauga and the other settlements. The mountain men defeated the British at Kings Mountain and returned to Watauga to protect their homes and families from the British and the Indians. She continued to make powder for many years, furnishing the necessity to folks living as far away as South Carolina."
When Mary Patton died on Dec. 15, 1836, she was buried on a hillside overlooking the beautiful hills where she had lived for 60 years. The Patton-Simmons Cemetery holds her remains, which lie under a large memorial stone erected by her descendants. The epitaph says: "One of that heroic band who established a civilization in the wilderness. She made the powder used by John Sevier's troops in the Battle of Kings Mountain."
Many years later, when this area was occupied during the Civil War by the Confederate Army, many devices were conceived and resorted to in order to deceive the CSA soldiers and to protect Union men. As related in the History of the TN 13th Volunteer Cavalry: "In what was known as the Patton Settlement, T.Y. Patton dug a square hole in his yard, covered it with puncheons and made a trapdoor to it. Over this he placed brush or branches of trees. Here he concealed refugees for days at a time without any one suspecting their presence." As her great-grandson, one can see why Mr. Patton wanted to dedicate part of the Soldiers Monument to Ms. Mary. If you go there to see the inscription, you will note that is quite high off the ground, probably elevated at 12 to 15 feet.
In the north-facing box immediately below the dedication to Ms. Mary, appears the following inscription: "Built in honor of all soldiers of Carter County in all the wars from the revolution down to this date, 1912. By building committee – D.P. Wilcox, First Lieut., Company H, 2nd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, War 1861; G.W. Emmert, First Lieut. Company H, 13th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry; J.G. Burchfield, Cpl. Company G, 13th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry; E.C. Cass, First Sgt. Spanish-American War and C.R. Hathaway, Cpl. Company D, Third Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Spanish-American War."
The early readers of this column may remember that we said state and local history was best presented when covering "Who were these people and why were they doing the things they did?" So, having once learned who the primary movers behind the Soldiers Monument project were, curiosity led us to find out more about them than just their names.
In our next column, we will impart the little knowledge we have gained on these men, but at this point we have exhausted our current research, and we would have a much more interesting column next week if all readers who are related to Messrs. Wilcox, Emmert, Burchfield, Cass and/or Hathaway will furnish us with any information beyond that presented in their military service records, most of which we located. We would like to gather any personal information you may have; even just oral tradition within the family will do! Also, it is especially odd that we have been able to find very little personal information on Mr. Burchfield, as the news and committee reports indicate that he was very active in this effort.
We hope our readers can fill in the missing knowledge about the founders of our century-old Soldiers Monument … Please mail your comments to: Judge Earl R. Hendry, POB 220, Roan Mountain, TN 37687.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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the World's Fastest Bicycle
Mr Lachlan Thompson FIEAust.
Research Leader Sports Technology, Department of Aerospace
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
Australian track cyclists won impressive victories at the
1995, '96 and '97 World Track Championships and the 15th Commonwealth
Games. The Australian team used with stunning effect a unique
carbon fibre monocoque bicycle designed and built by a project
team from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT
University) and the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Developed
in consultation with Charlie Walsh, the national track cycling
coach, this new bicycle, the 'AIS/RMIT Superbike', has allowed
the Australian riders like Shane Kelly to set new records.
Continued development has resulted in over twelve World Championship
titles and four world records. Including the World record
for the kilometre Individual Time Trial set by Shane Kelly
development and application of new wind tunnel testing techniques
have resulted in a fifteen per cent reduction in power over
the traditional diamond frame. Extensive use of a water tunnel
and wind tunnel have enabled the team to optimise the frame
profile for minimum aerodynamic interference from the rider's
leg motion. Structural design loads were derived from track
testing with strain gauged frames. Finite element analysis
techniques were validated through extensive material testing.
Throughout the development program extensive use was made
of validated performance simulation. The simulation provided
evaluation of stiffness, aerodynamics and weight. These simulations
enabled rapid assessment of concepts. Track testing with power
meters and strain gauged frames were used to refine design
data and wind tunnel test techniques.
order to produce the resulting bicycle new manufacturing techniques
had to be developed. Unlike most equipment used by elite athletes
the AIS/RMIT 'Superbike' has been designed for low cost, high
volume manufacture. The hollow frame is moulded as a single
unit in a one shot process suitable for automation. The frame
was designed to accept standard group sets and wheels. The
AIS and RMIT University has lodged patents on the unique features
of the manufacturing process. Bicycle Technologies Pty Ltd
(Australia) has commenced commercial manufacture of track
and road variants. The New Zealand National Track Cycling
Team has selected the 'Superbike' for the 1997 and 1999 seasons.
It is anticipated that the technology will enable a new manufacturing
industry to be developed in Australia.
engineering development has resulted in the project winning
an Engineering Excellence Award from the Institution of Engineers
Australia, two Innovation Awards and the 1995 Velo News Award
for "Best Technical Development for 1995 in Road or Track".
This paper discuses the engineering techniques, research and
project management required to create the Australian Superbike.
stunning ride by Chris Boardman on the Lotus Bicycle(1)
in the Barcelona Olympics heralded a dramatic change in Olympic
track cycling. The UCI's rule change opened the door for the
monocoque bicycle to show its potential. Unlike the much later
Lotus Sport, Boardman's bicycle was a one-off with highly
specialised components. His ride did however set the stage
for a new era in competitive cycling
Chris Boardman rode to Olympic Gold the RMIT and AIS project
team set out to build a 'Superbike'. The RMIT-AIS team sought
a design that optimises weight, stiffness and aerodynamics
while conforming to the rules of the Union Cyclist Internationale
(UCI). The University was at the time seeking a suitable project
to demonstrate new low cost advanced composite manufacturing
techniques. The project team included engineers, technicians
and students from RMIT Aerospace Engineering, the AIS and
RMIT Industrial Design.
Olympic track cycling coach Charlie Walsh defined the initial
design criteria with the project team in late 1992. The resulting
bicycle must use a conventional group set of standard(3,6)
cranks, bearings, brakes, wheels, forks, handlebars, seat,
etc. Further criteria imposed by RMIT was that the design
must equal or exceed the structural stiffness of a steel bicycle
while offering lower aerodynamic drag and weight without compromising
reliability. It was also desirable for commercial purposes
that the resulting design be suitable for low cost, high volume
deg. ±0.05 deg.
deg. ±0.05 deg.
bracket shell height
mm ±1.0 below rear axle
of plane twist
tolerances(6) used in developing the 'Superbike'
this project the needs of the end user were paramount to the
success of the end product. Competition bicycles are made
to the rider's individual specific requirements. The client
specifications were defined and completely fulfilled. These
specifications included critical geometry as shown below and
certain subjective characteristics as ride and comfort. Stiffness,
strength, reliability and use of standard components were
systems engineering approach was adopted for the project.
A requirement analysis was undertaken to establish the
design criteria and project milestones. The project
plan and budget were developed using the findings of
this analysis. Riding position and frame geometry defined
by the AIS were checked against a current AIS Olympic
steel frame. This same frame was later used to define
minimum stiffness criteria.
1: Gary Neiwand test rides the strain-gauged prototype
design could take place a mathematical performance model was
written and validated. The mathematical model was validated
against actual track performances using the SRM dynamometer
crank system. This permitted an extensive analysis of each
component in the bicycle system including the rider. The results
of this investigation showed that the frame and front fork
handle bars to be priority components for research. The requirement
analysis also identified that aerodynamic testing techniques
were not giving repeatable results of sufficient accuracy.
Development of improved wind tunnel techniques was considered
a high priority.
in design was maintained throughout the project by maintaining
design files and technical reports on each task. Coupon testing
provided material properties for the Finite Element Models(4)
(FEM). Laboratory tests were used to prove structural details
before progressing to track testing.
track and wind tunnel testing was used to validate design
changes. Each phase of the project has required critical evaluation
by both the design team and the national track cycling team.
Decisions were made at project or task meetings to ensure
prompt reporting of results and effective implementation of
prototype was required to undergo structural testing for stiffness
followed by a general inspection. Modal analysis is being
developed as a tool for non-destructive inspection and quality
control. This technique of vibration analysis(2)
will provide a cost effective "finger print" technique
for production quality control.
In order to minimise aerodynamic drag new and innovative wind
tunnel testing techniques were developed. This included the
use of artificial legs to accurately study the airflow over
the bicycle. With this unique rig the aerodynamics of the
complete system could be represented.
investigations showed that the rider's legs dramatically influenced
the flow pattern(6) and resulting drag.
To obtain accurate and repeatable wind tunnel results with
live athletes was extremely difficult. The sensitive wind
tunnel balance required precise knowledge of the centre of
mass in order to apply corrections for induced forces due
to moment couples. In the development of the 'Superbike' the
rider was replaced with a pair of lightweight Styrofoam®
legs. A similar lightweight torso, head and arms could also
be fitted. The rear wheel was driven by an electric motor
beneath the wind tunnel floor. A simple belt drive under the
floor also drove the front wheel. By having the motor and
drive system part of the bicycle accurate and repeatable drag
measurement was possible.
May 1993 the project team arrived at a basic conceptual design
for a carbon fibre monocoque bicycle. A prototype of this
design was built for initial testing. Wind tunnel testing
was carried out to refine the aerodynamic shape. The instrumented
prototype was evaluated on the track by world champion sprint
cyclist Gary Neiwand. This testing allowed the engineers to
determine handling characteristics and the loads encountered
during competition. The data obtained was used to optimise
prototypes for testing and competition has resulted
in the 'Superbike' meeting or exceeding all of the design
criteria. Independent tests on the 1994 variant by Dr.
Neil Craig of the South Australian Institute(6)
of Sport at the Adelaide Superdrome showed the 'Superbike'
to require 5% less power than the then current steel
AIS Olympic tubular frame.
improvement was made possible by designing a new wind
tunnel balance. The use of a 'hover board' bicycle mounting
eliminated balance interactions. This technique allowed
further refinement and development of the 'Superbike.
2: Moving artificial legs simulates the disturbed airflow
around the bicycle.
performance(6) improvement of RMIT-AIS 'Superbike'.
XVth Commonwealth Games
carbon fibre blade forks and wing handlebars World Championships
integrated fork-handlebars World Championships Manchester
The requirement study showed that a one-size monocoque shell
could be developed to suit a wide range of rider size. One
single size of the 'Superbike' can accommodate riders from
1600 mm to 1900 mm in height.
'Superbike' is unique in that it has been designed from the
outset to be of a shape and structure that can be easily and
cheaply produced in high volume(3).
This manufacturing feature, a 'one size fits all concept',
removes the necessity for multiple and expensive tooling.
The use of a complete


text:
Social-science migrating field station: monitoring the Human-Rangifer link by following herd migration
The aim of this project is to establish mobile field-stations as an innovative research instrument for long-term comparison of human-Rangifer interactions in the subarctic zone. The primary focus of observation is the human-Rangifer link under current impact of socio-economic and climate change. Establishing a mobile observation facility ('nomadic camp') offers the best possibilities for long-term observation in the natural environment of the tundra. Thus, researchers use the same practice of following herds that most Rangifer users themselves have used for centuries. The trajectory of the mobile station is determined by the annual migration of a chosen Rangifer herd. The data is recorded in a standardized form, dealing with impact/response description related to socio-economic and climate change, respectively. This data is transmitted from the field on a web-site of the project at regular sessions. After completion of the first migration in the center of the Kola Peninsula (NW Russia), the station shall be made available to other researchers of the human-Rangifer link. Every effort shall be made to continue the work of the station on a longitudinal basis, inviting the cooperation of interested sub-arctic oriented institutions.


Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Regular price $2,995.00 Sale price $7,800.00 Unit price per
New Oticon More 2-R is the brands latest Advanced rechargeable hearing aid released onto the Australia market in January 2021. Just one step down from the top end premium More 1. They feature a highly sophisticated and powerful chip platform designed to preserve the finer details in the sound scene providing More of the natural information and cues to help improve speech understanding and minimise listening effort even in complex listening environments with competing background noise.
Oticon's latest hearings aid is called Oticon More and builds upon its predecessor the very successful Oticon Opn S. Opn introduced the Open Sound Navigator platform on their Velox chip designed to preserve the sound scape naturally to support the way our brains Orientate, Focus and Recognise sounds. They then introduced the Velox S platform that added Open Sound Optimiser ™purported to be a "pro-active" feedback cancelling system that could very quickly cancel feedback (annoying whistles and squeaks) within 90ms-1.
New Oticon More hearing aids contain their latest Polaris ™ Chip platform which give you a a clear, complete and balanced sound scene with acoustic richness and finer details. This supports the Oticon Brain Hearing™ philosophy of making it as effortless as possible for your brain to make sense of sound.
Oticon More assists the brain in processing sounds
Rechargeable Oticon More
Oticon research showed that by preserving the sound scape naturally and rapidly attenuating competing noise "between words" they can improve speech intelligibility and reduce listening effort to a greater extent than conventional approaches taken by other hearing aid manufacturers.
How Hearing Loss Effects the Brain
Oticon continues to further their research into how the brain makes sense of sound and develop their hearing aids to best to support these brain processes. They patented the term Brain Hearing ™ to describe these processes and has been the foundation of their research for more than 30 years. The philosophy is that hearing happens in the Brain. It is not a simple sense but a very complex cognitive process. We know that hearing loss is not just a loss of audibility but also comes with a loss of speech understanding and creates distortion problems especially in noisy situations. This is because hearing loss impacts the quality of the sound the brain has to work with.
Our brains are plastic and do adapt to this lower quality of information or under-stimulation, however there are ramifications and consequences. The listener has to work harder to make sense of sound. Hearing loss therefore can be described as a bio-psycho-social problem. Biological in that we know there's a change to biological function, but also Psycho-Social changes in that untreated hearing loss can lead to a change in a persons' behaviour. Such as avoidance of environments where you know you'll have difficulties hearing such as social gatherings or any competing noise environments. Such avoidance behaviours can lead to a sense of social isolation. This can lead to depression and in the long run accelerated cognitive decline.
Providing the Brain with the right types of Amplification.
 Oticon's ultimate goal is make it as easy as possible for the brain to make sense of sound. Extensive research has enabled Oticon to bring to market a unique combination of technologies that all work to reduce listening effort and provide the right conditions for the brain. In spite of modern chip sets and sound processing technologies available today, the brain can still be considered to be the most sophisticated sound processor that exists. This is because the brain has the ability to navigate in simple environments as well complex environments with many different types of sounds being present. It can choose where and when to focus and which sounds to attend. It can choose to push some sounds into the background whilst focusing on which sounds are relevant. This happens seamlessly as the sound situation changes. Important for both social activities as well as for safety.
New Scientific Discoveries:
It is believed that the brain needs access to all sounds and not just speech to work in a natural way. According to Oticon research there are two auditory cortex sub-systems with different functions that are always working together to make sense of sound. Overall hearing ability can depend on how well they work together. These two systems are the Orient sub-system and the Focus sub-system. The Orient system is constantly scanning all surrounding sounds to make a complete picture of the sound scape. Whilst the Focus system is supporting us to determine which sounds we actually focus on whilst determining which sounds we push into the background. We know these subsystems exist based on measurements from new scientific and imaging techniques techniques including Magneto-Encephalography (MEG), Deep Electrodes (EcoHG/sEEG), Electro Encephalography (EEG). Two independent studies have shown the existence of these two sub systems within the Auditory cortex of the brain.
The Orient Sub-System of Neural Sound Processing
The Orient stage of sound processing within the brain is considered crucial in creating a full sound scene representation within the brain to then identify what it wants to focus on. This decision can only be as good and as accurate as the information that is delivered to the Orient sub-system itself. In this earlier stage of sound processing the entire sound scene is being represented in the brain. The Orient system needs to receive a good neural code to create a good auditory overview and separate sounds out to determine what's going on in the surroundings. It also creates an auditory foreground and background and starts to identify what to focus on and listen to. It provides the brain with the best conditions on which to focus on and listen to.
The Focus Sub-System of Neural Sound Processing
In the focus sub-system which is a later stage of sound processing, only the sounds that the listener attends to is strongly represented in the brain. This allows us to focus on a point of interest, form auditory objects out of the different sound characteristics available. Allows us to focus our attention on the sounds we want to attend to whilst filtering out unwanted or irrelevant sounds. These systems work continuously together to maintain our focus on what is presently most important. Although we can maintain focus on a particular sound the brain intentionally distracts itself four times a second checking in on the rest of the environment sound scene. This allows us to switch attention if something more important suddenly appears in the sound scene.
The Workload on the Brain
When these systems are working well together it frees up other cognitive processes to work optimally. One can more easily recognise other sounds, store and recall information and perform executive functioning such as being able to respond to what is taking place or been said.
Irrespective of the quality of the signal the brain is receiving it will always try to match it with information stored in its long-term memory. It does this to make meaning of the sound. Clear sensory information makes for easier matches and more effortless conversation. However, when the sound is changes or distorted the sensory information is no longer clear. This can result from hearing loss and competing noise. The brain cannot as easily match the acoustic information with information stored in the long-term memory and so making sense of the sound requires a lot more effort. Selective attention allows our Auditory system to effectively filter out sounds and even enhance our perception of sounds of interest which is called Sustained Attention. Our ability to focus in on something for a longer period of time. These two sub-systems help us separate out sounds and focus in on what we are interested in. To gather meaning of what's heard also need to recognise sounds which make use of available working memory in the brain and extract meaning. Also requires working with other important cognitive capacities such as attention switching,,memory recall. Also other senses play a role at this level of processing including visual input. These higher cognitive processes also influence the Orient and Focus stages.
Hearing Loss makes it more difficult to Orient & Focus:
Hearing loss resulting from changes in the cochlear result in a loss of spectral and temporal resolution diminishing the quality of the neural code being delivered. The ability to selectively switch attention is also slowed down. The increased cognitive load to follow results in less capacity left over.
Oticon indicates that studies are showing the brain needs full access to the sound scene to prioritise what it attends to and what it filters out. Attention is more like a filter that takes in all available sensory input and prioritises what is being attending to and processed and what is filtered out. Oticon argue that conventional hearing aid technology uses a focus approach including the use of directional microphone systems, speech reduction and gain reduction methods of feedback elimination and indicates such methods restrict information being delivered to the brain and does not help form a complete sound scene therefore does not best support the way the brain naturally processes sound. Oticon indicates that inadequate treatment of a hearing problem in turn results in a brain problem. Consequences of untreated hearing loss include; 1. Increased listening effort, 2. Increased Cognitive Load, 3. Re-organised brain functionality, 4. Accelerated cognitive decline, 5. Accelerated brain volume shrinkage.
Brain problems can therefore turn into life problems. Risk of dementia is from untreated hearing loss is increased 5 fold for severe hearing loss. Associations between hearing loss and balance disorders.
Research indicates that all these conditions associated with untreated hearing loss are modifiable risk factors that are potentially reversible. A study showed that approximately 40% of dementia cases can be explained by modifiable risk factors. Livingston et al. showed in 2017 that in mid-life hearing loss represented the greatest modifiable risk factor in onset of dementia being 8%. Even at mild levels hearing loss has been documented increase the risk of developing dementia in the long term and the worse the hearing loss the


text:
Worms Armageddon localization editor
- For best performance, use Mozilla Firefox (Chrome bug 582844).
- Paste the.txt file for your language in the textarea above, and click Begin translating.
- Use the toolbar buttons and keyboard controls to navigate and translate the file.
- Hover over toolbar buttons to get a description of what they do.
- Keyboard controls:
- Tab - Go to next string
- Shift+Tab - Go to previous string
- Enter - Go to next TODO
- Shift+Enter - Go to previous TODO
- Ctrl+Enter - Mark current string as done (delete _TAG_ markers and hints), and go to next TODO
- Experimental: you can also edit the text directly (e.g. to add/remove lines), by clicking outside of a value field and editing it as usual.
- New strings added in this way will not be navigatable until you click finish then Begin translating.
- When done, click finish, then copy the text from the textarea.


text:
Chapter Effectiveness Award
The Chapter Effectiveness Award recognizes an individual chapter for its outstanding achievements in advocacy to influence action and support for the credit union movement. This chapter illustrates the importance of advocacy, collaboration and teamwork. They are removing barriers, not only for their chapter, but also on a statewide and national level. This chapter reflects the importance of grassroots organization and the goals achieved by working together.
This chapter has demonstrated a yearlong effort to affect positive change for their region, their state and the credit union movement.
(One award winner per year)
The Chapter Effectiveness Award is presented for achievement in leadership, mentoring, advocacy and collaboration. Distinction in these categories can be demonstrated through:
- Supporting the next generation of credit union leaders through education, training and mentoring activities, as well as encouraging participation on the chapter executive committee
- Measurable impact to the chapter and movement as a whole
- Supporting key legislative initiatives such as: PAC fundraising, legislative events, etc.
- Supports Michigan Credit Union Foundation
- Supporting key cooperative initiatives such as: CU Link, CMS support, etc.
- Consistent record of teamwork through multi-chapter functions
- Nomination letter and letters of recommendation
- NOMINATION LETTER: A nomination letter must describe and elaborate in detail upon how the award criteria were met
- LETTERS OF SUPPORT: A minimum of 2, maximum of 5, letters of support must be sent and are expected to address the author's first-hand knowledge of the nominee with relation to all of the award criteria


text:
Posted by Alex on.
the mass of cylinder one is 1.35 times the mass of cylinder two, and the volume of cylinder one is 0.792 times the volume of cylinder two. If the density of cylinder one is 2.70 g/cm3 what is the density of cylinder two?
THIS QUESTION HAS ME GOING CRAZY!!
density is mass/volume.
So, twice the mass, twice the density.
twice the volume, half the density. So, for cylinder 2, we have
(1/1.35) / (1/.792) * 2.70 = 1.584
d1 = m1/v2 = 2.70 g/cc
m1 = 1.35*m2 so
m2 = m1/1.35
V1 = 0.792*v2 so
v2 = v1/0.792
d2 = m2/v2
d2 = (m1/1.35)/( v1/0.792)
d2 = m1/1.35 x 0.792/v1 but
m1/v1 = 2.70
then d2 = 2.70 x (0.792/1.35) =?


You are here: Home » Law » Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Multiple Choices. Write the letter of answer on the space provided before each number. Do not encircle. Erasures or change of answers are considered wrong in all items of this exam. Encircled letter is likewise wrong.
______ 1) It is the power inherent in the sovereign State to levy or impose charges upon persons, property, occupation, and others, to defray the expenses of the government and to enable it to fully discharge its functions.
 a.) police power b.) taxation c.) constitution d.) power of eminent domain
______ 2) It is the fundamental law of the land.
 a.) civil code b.) constitution c.) penal code d.) statutes
______ 3) It is a term which refers to the registered voter of the State.
a.) citizen b.) electorate c.) resident d.) constituent
______ 4) It is a prelude to the written Constitution.
 a.) national territory b.) preamble c.) state d.) constitutional convention
______ 5) The House of Representatives in the Philippines belongs to what branch of government as stated in Article VI of the 1987 Constitution?
 a.) executive branch b.) legislative branch c.) judicial branch d.) independent branch
______ 6) It refers to the automatic adoption of international law as part of the domestic law of the country.
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Cooling and crystallization instructions:
Cooling and crystallization are key palm oil fractionation process. Once crystallization successes, palm oil separation becomes easily. Therefore, different type of crystallization should have own cooling exchange surface, cooling system and mixture structure.Palm oil Cooling and crystallization condition determines the start of palm oil crystallization nuclei, the number of crystals and crystal size in palm oil fractionation process. Cooling efficiency and ordering ensure special crystal formation and filterability in palm oil fractionation.Under stirring and circulating water cooling state, according to set temperature difference between palm oil and cooling water, palm oil cooling time and control palm oil cooling process to form nuclei and slowly grow. When reaching the required temperature (depending on desired quality of soft fat obtained, typically 20 degrees Celsius), stop cooling.
Crystallization Theory & Practice:
◆Palm Oil is a complex multi-component mixture of triglycerides with melting points ranging from -30…+70°C
◆Crystallization for fractionation is a selective crystallization of triglycerides with higher melting point
◆Selectivity for crystallization is achieved by controlled temperature profile during cooling cycle
◆Crystallization process consists of four stages: Pre-cooling, Formation of Nuclei, Crystal Growth,Final Conditioning.


- Uncaged
How Healing from Sex Trafficking Happens for Survivors
Updated: Mar 2, 2020
Hello Friends,
I have so much joy as we move closer to opening the first Sanctuary this year. We have a lot to do and a long way to go, but we can finally approach the starting line! As we focus on preparing to get the program in place, I wanted to share a bit more about how transformation in the Sanctuary will happen. Starting survivors' healing journeys is complex work. We're so glad we have a team of experts like Dr. Vanessa Snyder to guide us.
Dr. Snyder is designing the therapeutic elements that will aid survivors' restoration. She's currently the Director of the Institute for Trauma and Recovery at Richmont University. She's been researching best practices in accompanying survivors for almost ten years! Our Uncaged team sat down with her to learn from her expertise. We're excited to share a snippet of that conversation with you below!
As always, we are so grateful for your encouragement and support.
Uncaged: Can you tell us a little bit about the trauma that happens in sex trafficking?
Dr. Snyder: I think one of the distinctions of trauma in sex trafficking is its complexity. Many trafficking survivors already have a history of some kind of trauma, or many traumas, during their developmental years. Those traumas may include abuse, neglect, poverty, war, or a host of other things. But trafficking becomes an additional horror they experience. Trafficking is a trauma that occurs over a long period of time. Most traumatic events happen in one occurrence -- a car accident, a death, events like that. In sex trafficking, survivors experience many traumatic incidents over a lifetime.
Dr. Vanessa Snyder (L) specializes in therapy for survivors.
The fact that it's sexual trauma magnifies the already devastating effects. Sexual experiences are always powerful. The sexual nature of the trauma can bring in a spiritual element to the wounds. For survivors, the trauma can become deeply ingrained in the mind, body, and soul.
Uncaged: Wow. Given that the trauma is that complicated and intense, is healing really possible?
Dr. Snyder: Yes! Healing is absolutely possible, but it looks different for each individual. We have to make space for what survivors think health looks like for them. Sex trafficking takes away survivors' ability to say who they want to be and what they want their lives to be like. The last thing we would want to do is repeat that pattern when we're trying to help!
Uncaged: That makes sense. If it depends so much on the individual, what do best practices look like?
Dr. Snyder: Healing for all survivors of sexual abuse, and particularly sex trafficking, includes some necessary components across individuals. For example, every survivor of complex trauma needs a place that is safe and stable. We know that sex trafficking takes away three things from survivors: 1) Voice 2) Choice and 3) Power. Equipping survivors to heal means giving back their ability to choose, speak, and direct their own lives.
At the Sanctuary, that means we actually give survivors the choice to stay or to leave. Gradually, we give survivors the chance to make choices with different levels of impact. They can choose what they want to eat for breakfast. They can choose what they want to do in their academic empowerment session. Eventually they have to re-learn how to absorb good and bad consequences for choices they make. Our job is to provide a safe space where they can explore at their own pace, and boundaries help make the space safe.
Uncaged: When you describe that balance, it almost sounds a bit like a family.
Dr. Snyder: It does have some similarities to a family: community, connection, and relationship. Survivors need to experience consistent care, from a variety of people. Staff members at the Sanctuary will be trained in a trauma-informed way. Every interaction at the Sanctuary will either accelerate or impede healing. In therapy, we often say that 60% of healing work happens in the formation of relationships.
Uncaged: The model you're describing at the Sanctuary sounds incredible! We know that a lot of people around the world want to pour into the work there. How can people far away support survivors?
Dr. Snyder: That's a great question. First and foremost, I would invite everyone to pray for survivors. It's a long, hard road for them even after they're free, and prayer makes an enormous difference. The second suggestion I'd offer is for people to take stock of their own skills and abilities. Then, they can see how they could join Uncaged and other anti-trafficking organizations' efforts. No one person, not even one organization, will turn the tide on Human Trafficking. We all need to have our hands open to connect globally. Every person has valuable talents and treasures to share. And we need every gift to end this evil.
Uncaged: Thank you so much, Dr. Snyder. We're so grateful for your work and your vision.
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Step-by-step instructions for QT and KDE under Linux
WARNING --- This information is obsolete. Go here instead.
1- Introduction
This has been tested on Linux-x86 platforms with binutils >= 2.10.0.
The experimental PPC support is really experimental.
The dynamic loading speed is best measured using the LD_DEBUG=statistics option of the dynamic loader. For instance, the dynamical loading time of konqueror can be measured with the following command:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26923: runtime linker statistics:
 26923: total start-up time in dynamic loader: 358288994 clock cycles
 26923: time needed for relocation: 355202059 clock cycles (99.1)
 26923: number of relocations: 53651
 26923: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (.7)
The critical number is the number of relocations which counts the number of relocations that require a symbol lookup. The time measurements are very dependent on the content of the disk buffers. The most reliable measurements are obtained by repeating the command several times and ignoring the first measurement.
2- Compile objprelink
Download the lastest source code objprelink.c. Uncompress and compile with the following command:
 $ gcc -o objprelink -O2 objprelink.c /usr/lib/libbfd.a /usr/lib/libiberty.a
Then place the binary somewhere in your path (e.g. /usr/local/bin). I suggest using the static libraries because some distributions provide a first package with the bfd shared library and a second package with the include files and the static libraries. These packages do not always match. Using the static libraries ensure that the include file is current with respect to the code.
Slackware 8.0 users can check Rob Kaper's post.
3- Rebuild QT
The following instructions apply to QT-2.3.1 under Linux.
Download the qt source tarball from the usual places. Patch file configs/linux-g++-shared using qt-configs.patch. Then run configure and make.
 qt-2.3.1$ patch <../qt-configs.patch
 qt-2.3.1$ export QTDIR='pwd'
 qt-2.3.1$ configure -shared -xft -gif -system-jpeg -system-libpng
 qt-2.3.1$ make src-moc sub-src
The shared libraries are then found in directory lib.
You can now compare the number of relocations in the installed version of qt (found in /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/ on my machine) with the new one. This can be achieved with the countreloc shell script.
 $ countreloc /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/
 16915 R_386_32
 2690 R_386_GLOB_DAT
 5040 R_386_JUMP_SLOT
 4926 R_386_RELATIVE
 $ countreloc./lib/
 4563 R_386_32
 2690 R_386_GLOB_DAT
 5039 R_386_JUMP_SLOT
 21669 R_386_RELATIVE
These numbers depend on your versions of the qt library and on the options selected when doing configure. But the order of magnitude should be correct. Then you can carefully save the installed version and replace it with the new one (danger)
 # mkdir /usr/SAVEDLIBS
 # mv /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/ /usr/SAVEDLIBS
 # cp ./lib/ /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/
 # ldconfig
Then run some QT programs and check that everything is working properly. Complete the test by logging out from KDE and logging in again. Here is what you should see if redo the konqueror command:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26927: runtime linker statistics:
 26927: total startup time in dynamic loader: 292051810 clock cycles
 26927: time needed for relocation: 288954243 clock cycles (98.9)
 26927: number of relocations: 41299
 26927: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (.9)
This is a little bit better (but not much yet).
4- Rebuild KDE
It is then time to recompile the KDE packages. The most critical ones are kdelibs and kdebase. Both can be compiled using the following procedure. You must first obtain the KDE source code from the usual places. Read carefully the KDE compilation instructions and run the following commands:
 $ make -f Makefile.cvs
 $ configure --enable-objprelink
 $ make
The option --enable-objprelink hacks the libtool shell script. Versions of KDE older than 2.2.1 do not have this option. You should see the objprelink command run on every object files just before linking a library or an executable. You can then install the new package with the usual precautions. After recompiling kdelibs and kdebase you should obtain the following result:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26891: runtime linker statistics:
 26891: total startup time in dynamic loader: 171268316 clock cycles
 26891: time needed for relocation: 168954584 clock cycles (98.6)
 26891: number of relocations: 21143
 26891: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (1.2)
The dynamic loading time has been reduced by a factor of two. It is time to focus now on konqueror's other bottlenecks.


Liborio is a boy name.
Discover other Famous boy names that start with l
Liborio VIP rank
Most recent rank
Highest rank
Actor masks
Actors named Liborio
Movie Director
Directors named Liborio
Singers named Liborio
Writers named Liborio
Famous people named Liborio
Here's a list of VIPs named Liborio:
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Liborio a popular name?
Over the years Liborio was most popular in 1914. According to the latest US census information Liborio ranks #3920th while according to Liborio ranks #2nd.
How popular is the name Liborio?
According to the US census in 2018, no boys were born named Liborio, making Liborio the #36186th name more popular among boy names. In 1914 Liborio had the highest rank with 11 boys born that year with this name.
How common is the name Liborio?
Liborio is #36186th in the ranking of most common names in the United States according to he US Census.
When was the name Liborio more popular?
The name Liborio was more popular in 1914 with 11 born in that year.
When was the last time a baby was named Liborio
The last time a baby was named Liborio was in 2007, based on US Census data.
How many people born in 2007 are named Liborio?
In 2007 there were 5 baby boys named Liborio.


How Many Americans Died in World War II?
World War II involved most of the worlds super powers at the time and was a state of total war, meaning that the nations put all of their resources into the war effort. Most historians agree that 406,000 Americans died during the war.


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text:
The purpose of the 'Linking Land Protection & Stewardship' project was to bring together conservation partners in key communities, identify common goals and seek opportunities for enhanced cooperation. The Ontario Farmland Trust along with the Ontario Stewardship and the Ontario Land Trust Alliance began the initiative in early 2012. A web-based survey was designed to gather information about current levels of collaboration among local land conservation groups was first distributed. Additionally, the survey was also intended to help identify challenges and opportunities relating to stewardship and securement of natural heritage and agricultural lands. The survey groups included stakeholders such as land stewardship organizations, land trusts, conservation authorities, municipalities, agricultural groups and farmers. Following the administration of the surveys, OFT co‐hosted six information and networking workshops in six different regions throughout Southern Ontario:
- Prince Edward County
- Perth-Huron Counties
- Niagara Region
- Wellington County
- York Region
- Halton Region
The workshops were intended to bring local conservation groups together to share information about each others' work and brainstorm opportunities for enhanced collaboration. The goal of this one‐year initiative were to:
- – Develop strong working relationships between OFT, stewardship organizations, local land trusts, conservation authorities, municipalities and other environmental and agricultural groups;
- – Enhance the ability of stakeholders to collaborate on common goals related to land securement, stewardship and conservation, and landowner outreach and education;
- – Strengthen awareness of land protection and stewardship options among farmland owneroperators and other rural landowners for agricultural and natural heritage lands.
This project provided a forum for meaningful dialogue between groups that previously lacked opportunities to discuss challenges, overlapping priorities and mutual interests. Workshops also provided a learning opportunity for those working in land protection and stewardship, particularly around the work of the Ontario Farmland Trust, the multitude of land securement tools available to them, and understanding how to build stronger relationships with the farming community.
Workshop participants shared over 100 unique recommendations for new or enhanced cooperation between conservation groups in their local communities. Despite variation in comments between geographic areas, common themes emerged that highlight substantial opportunities for expanded collaboration in the pursuit of common land conservation goals. The project was completed in February 2013.
This project was generously supported by the Ontario Trillium Foundation
(an agency of the Government of Ontario).


text:
Somebody went and vandalized Billy The Kid's tombstone, which is a 2,000-pound gravestone, and while they were at it, they stole three antique rifles and a shotgun from the old Fort Sumner Museum in New Mexico.
The thieves also vandalized other gravestones in the cemetery.
De Baca County authorities said that the criminals were still at large and that there is a $1,000 reward for information leading to the arrest.
Billy the Kid, born William Henry McCarty, Jr. in 1859, became a famed outlaw in the Wild West who according to legend killed 21 people, although it is generally believed that he actually killed between four and nine people.
He was a central figure in a violent, Irish-English land war in New Mexico, and was beloved by Mexican-American ranchers who felt discriminated against by racist white bankers and land thieves.
The Kid's end came only after he refused to abandon his Mexican-American teen girlfriend.
Most likely born in New York City, he came to New Mexico with his mother while searching for a better economic future.
It was in Silver City, N.M., that a young Billy the Kid learned Spanish and Mexican dances as he mingled easily among the territory's large Mexican-American population when others from the East Coast didn't even bother, according to Paul Hutton, a University of New Mexico American West historian, who appears in the new film.
When his mother died of tuberculosis when he was 15, Billy the Kid was left an orphan and raised largely by Mexican-American ranchers and sheepherders.
This helped the Kid later when he was on the run from the law and was given shelter by poor Mexican-Americans ranchers he befriended, Hutton said.


text:
March 6, 2012
– A dummy capsule that NASA used in the lead up to the Apollo moon landings has been restored to its former glory to inspire a new generation of space explorers at a California learning center.
The red-and-white painted capsule, known as "Boilerplate 19A" (BP-19A), was built in the early 1960s by the same aerospace company and to the same basic design specs as the space-worthy command modules that flew crews to the moon and back. But instead of lifting off, BP-19A was dropped out of a cargo plane to test the recovery systems that would safely land astronauts back on Earth.
More than four decades after its final test flight and years after being displayed outdoors in a county park, BP-19A was entrusted to SpaceWorks, the exhibition design and artifact preservation division of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, KS, for its restoration.
The restored Apollo boilerplate capsule BP-19A, now ready to be exhibited at the Columbia Memorial Space Center. (Cosmosphere)
"Compared to other remaining capsules from the Apollo era, this particular artifact was exceptional, due the fact that it still contained original components," said Richard Hollowell, the Cosmosphere's interim president and CEO. "SpaceWorks stabilized the original materials, cleaned and preserved the surfaces and prepared the capsule for full-time exhibition."
The capsule is now set to go on display at the Columbia Memorial Space Center, a hands-on educational facility in Downey, Calif., the site where all the Apollo spacecraft — including BP-19A — were built.
Test dummy to teaching tool
North American Aviation built BP-19A in 1963, when the 12,000-pound (5,400-kilogram) spacecraft entered service for NASA.
BP-19A was used for a series of recovery parachute drop tests before being retrofitted to test recovery antennas. (NASA)
Starting in 1964, BP-19 was dropped multiple times from a C-133 "Cargomaster" military transport aircraft flying over El Centro Naval Station, Calif., deploying drogue and main recovery parachutes to slow its descent to the ground.
Four years later, after the parachute designs were proven, the capsule was retrofitted to test VHF recovery antenna systems, gaining the "A" in its BP-19A designation.
By employing an unmanned boilerplate, NASA was able to evaluate the Apollo spacecraft's recovery systems without endangering astronauts' lives.
In April 1972, as the second-to-last moon landing mission got underway, NASA transferred ownership of BP-19A to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. for public display. For decades, the test capsule sat inside a glass enclosure under an outdoor gazebo at a park in Lancaster, Calif., alongside three lakes that were named for the first moon landing crew, Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins.
BP-19A was displayed for many years under a gazebo at Apollo Park in Lancaster, California. (Field Guide to American Spacecraft)
In April 2007, the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum decided to return BP-19A to the site
where it was built. The capsule, the second of two Apollo boilerplates assigned to the Columbia Memorial Science Center for exhibit, first arrived at the Downey educational facility in 2008 and was placed on temporary display last year.
Signs of recovery
BP-19A's restoration took SpaceWorks about eight weeks to complete, adhering to the techniques approved by the National Air and Space Museum. It was the first major artifact project completed by the Kansas Cosmosphere in recent years.
"Museums worldwide have been affected by the economy, so new exhibits and restoration have been primarily on hold for the last several years," Hollowell said. "We are starting to see signs of economic recovery, and museums are now eager to get back on track with their exhibitions and collections."
"The bids we currently have pending represent more than half of SpaceWorks' annual budget, and we expect to see more bid opportunities yet this year," he said.
Chief among the new bids is an opportunity to produce the display case for Freedom 7, the Mercury spacecraft Alan Shepard rode to become the first American in space over 50 years ago. The historic capsule is being relocated
from the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md., to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Museum in Boston, Mass.
SpaceWorks restoration tech Don Aich returns the exterior finish of Apollo capsule BP-19A to its original state. (Cosmosphere)
The Smithsonian-affiliated Kansas Cosmosphere houses the largest collection of space exploration artifacts outside the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. It also houses the largest collection of Soviet and Russian space artifacts outside of Moscow.
Prior to BP-19A, the Cosmosphere's SpaceWorks division worked to restore several flown U.S. spacecraft, including the Apollo 13 command module "Odyssey," the Gemini 6 and Gemini 10 spacecraft and the "Liberty Bell 7" Mercury capsule that in 1999 was recovered from the ocean floor.
The Columbia Memorial Space Center, which opened to the public in 2008, honors space shuttle Columbia's final crew, who were lost on Feb. 1, 2003 when the spacecraft broke apart during re-entry at the end of their mission. In addition to exhibiting artifacts like boilerplate BP-19A, the center includes a Challenger Learning Center that takes students on simulated space missions into Earth orbit, to the moon, Mars and beyond.


text:
Time and Attendance Systems
We offer solutions to manage employee attendance and correspondence control. Our selection of clock models covers a range to satisfy all your needs.
Among our basic models for small businesses:
- Attendance Control: Basic clocks, long lasting, economic, fully operative upon plugging in. Some have options to adapt ringtones, come with reserve batteries, and mark tardiness in red.
- Correspondence Control and Attendance Control: These clocks can be used for both purposes. They can be programmed to provide comments when certain parameters are met and they come with a reserve battery.
Additionally, we have Hand Punch biometric clocks that work with an advance technology that recognizes the shape of your hand without having to use finger or handprints.
- Biometric Clocks – Hand Punch:
- Eco-friendly and money saver as it avoids the use of disposable cards.
- Eliminates the possibility of time card fraud (someone else punching a card for an employee).
- Capacity for up to 32,000 users depending on the model.
- Scap Software: Administrative software that allows programming for shifts, calendars, employee database, and calculations of hours worked per day or per specified periods.


Home Page
For information about Coronavirus, please go to Useful Information for Parents - Coronavirus
Gases Around Us
I can name several gases and identify one way in which each is useful to us
I know the properties of solids, liquids and gases
I know that the process which takes place when water changes to a gas is evaporation
I can use measuring jugs or cylinders to make measurements of volume
I can repeat measurements to check results
I can explain that bubbles appear because the water pushes the air (gas) out of the spaces between the particles of soil


text:
SpeechDiscardType (SAPI 5.4)
Microsoft Speech API 5.4
The SpeechDiscardType enumeration lists flags indicating portions of a recognition result to be removed or eliminated once they are no longer needed.
Enum SpeechDiscardType SDTProperty = 1 SDTReplacement = 2 SDTRule = 4 SDTDisplayText = 8 SDTLexicalForm = 16 SDTPronunciation = 32 SDTAudio = 64 SDTAlternates = 128 SDTAll = 255 End Enum
Removes the property tree.
Removes the phrase replacement text for inverse text normalization.
Removes the non-top level rule tree information for a phrase.
Removes the display text.
Removes the lexicon from text.
Removes the pronunciation text.
Removes the audio data that is attached to a phrase. However, the audio has to have been both set and retained.
Removes the alternate data that is attached to a phrase. Discarding alternates loses the words permanently and they cannot be retrieved.
Remove all the features above.


text:
Organic Winter Canola Production in North Carolina
by Rachel Vann and Chris Reberg-Horton
Are you interested in diversifying your organic rotation by adding winter canola? AgStrong, a buyer in Bowersville, GA, is contracting with growers in North Carolina again for organic canola production (AgStrong Contact: Mike Garland, _PHONE_) and Perdue is also interested in buying organic canola (Perdue Contact: Jeff Riddle, _PHONE_). Some organic growers in the state have found canola to be a profitable alternative crop to wheat. Here are a few things to consider if you are thinking about producing organic canola:
Canola is a type of rapeseed that has been bred to produce an edible oil for human consumption; organic canola meal can be used for feed in organic livestock operations. Organic canola acreage in areas of the United States and Canada where transgenic canola is widely grown has dramatically declined due to contamination issues; limited transgenic canola production in our region minimizes the risk of contamination and offers a unique opportunity for producers to capitalize on the demand for organic canola. Winter canola is produced in a similar timeframe as wheat in North Carolina and growers can use small grain equipment to grow canola, therefore minimal equipment investment is necessary to add canola into the rotation.
Canola can be established using a planter, drill, or aerially broadcast; this allows flexibility with equipment at planting. Canola is a very small seed and should only be planted at a 1/4 to 1/2 inch depth. The best canola stands are achieved when canola is planted into a clean-tilled seedbed; no-till canola is possible but has additional management challenges. Growers that no-till canola into heavy residue should increase seeding rate 15-20%. Canola needs to be planted earlier than wheat; ideally canola should be planted by mid-October to ensure adequate fall growth prior to the first killing frost. From 2011 to 2013 we tested several row spacing (7, 15, and 30 inch) and seeding rate (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 lbs/acre) combinations for organic canola production in Goldsboro, Kinston, and Salisbury, NC. Conventional canola planting recommendations are to plant at 4 to 6 lbs seed/acre on 6 to 8 inch row spacing. We wanted to determine how increasing seeding rates and widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivations would enhance weed control and affect canopy diseases. We found that in an organic weed control context, canola yield was generally maximized at low seeding rates across row spacings (3-6 lbs/acre).Canola yield increased slightly at higher seeding rates with the narrow row spacing, but declined as seeding rate increased in the wider row spacing. Growers planting on wide row spacing should use caution when increasing seeding rate beyond 6 lbs/acre as yield declines can occur from high interspecific competition. To our knowledge, there are not regionally-adapted, certified organic canola varieties available in the Southeast, however there are several non-GMO varieties that are well adapted for production in the region. Rubisco seeds is a supplier of non-GMO canola varieties in the region. We did not observe severe disease pressure in our canola trials, but we know that the Sclerotinia disease complex can reduce canola yield. Sclerotinia pressure is intensified under wet conditions; avoid poorly drained fields.
As with all organic crops, synthetic herbicide use is prohibited in organic canola production. Using plant competition is an important component of weed control in organic canola production; canola is relatively competitive with some common winter weeds such as henbit and chickweed and if growers have weed pressure primarily from these species they have flexibility on row spacing selections to maximize yield. In our 2011-2013 organic canola trials, we observed slight declines in weed pressure as canola seeding rate increased, however this did not affect canola yield. Canola is plastic and can be competitive with some weed species at low seeding rates. If growers have severe weed infestations from hairy vetch, clover, or Italian ryegrass, widening canola row spacing to allow for between row cultivation can be important to prevent yield loss in organic canola production.
Canola does require 120 to180 lbs N/acre to maximize yield and requires a moderate soil pH (University of Georgia Canola Production Guide). A split N application at planting and again in the spring prior to bolting is often recommended. Canola is sensitive to boron (B) and sulfur (S) deficiencies; this is especially problematic on sandy soils.
From 2016 to 2017 we conducted a study looking at fertility options for organic canola in Goldsboro and Kinson, NC. We evaluated the effects of poultry litter application rate/timing, added B, and added S on organic canola yield. Trials yields were between 25 to 35 bu/acre at each location. Two methods of poultry litter application were investigated: 4 tons/acre applied preplant only and a split application of 2 tons/acre applied preplant and 2 tons/acre applied in February prior to canola bolting. Canola yield was maximized when all litter was applied preplant, with a 4 bu/acre increase in yield compared to a split application. 60 lbs S/acre (gypsum) and 0.3 lbs B/acre (Borosol) were applied in mid-February and compared to no added B and S for canola yield. Adding these nutrients did not increase canola yield. These preliminary results indicate that canola fertility can be handled by one preplant application of poultry litter and that adding B and S in the spring may not be necessary to maximize canola yield.
Harvesting is generally considered the most complicated part of canola production. Based on our experiences in North Carolina, canola is typically ready to harvest around the same time as wheat. Canola can be direct combined but determining the ideal harvest timing can be difficult. Canola is indeterminate and there is generally a short period between plants being too green to harvest and so dry there is significant shatter. Harvest should occur when approximately 85% of the pods are brown. We have growers that have harvested their canola using their small grain header and wheat sieves in their combine. 10% moisture is ideal for harvest and 7-8% moisture is ideal for storage. Italian ryegrass contamination of the canola crop can be a problem in situations where Italian ryegrass pressure is severe. Lodging can also be a problem for canola production, particularly when the canola is over-fertilized. Lodging is intensified at seeding rates above 9 lbs/acre. Previous research trials and production in the state would indicate that canola yields between 30-60 bu/acre (50 lbs/bu) are typically achieved.
Please feel free to contact Chris _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_) or Rachel _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_).


text:
lincomycin lin·co·my·cin (lĭng'kə-mī'sĭn)
An antibiotic derived from cultures of the bacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis and used in the treatment of certain penicillin-resistant infections.
|an arrangement of five objects, as trees, in a square or rectangle, one at each corner and one in the middle.|
|a printed punctuation mark (‽), available only in some typefaces, designed to combine the question mark (?) and the exclamation point (!), indicating a mixture of query and interjection, as after a rhetorical question.|


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Key Votes
SB 558 - Montana Electric and Gas Authority Act - Key Vote
Montana Key Votes
Stage Details
Legislation - Bill Failed (Senate) (25-25) - (Key vote)
Title: Montana Electric and Gas Authority Act
Vote Smart's Synopsis:
Vote to pass a bill to create the Montana Electric and Gas Authority.
-Authorizes the authority to engage in activities necessary to maintaining an adequate and efficient supply of natural gas and electricity, including acquiring ownership of fuel supplies and facilities located within or outside of the state [sec.6(1)]. -Authorizes the authority to issue negotiable bonds [sec.8]. -Allows the legislature to make appropriations to the authority for the acquisition of the stock or assets of a public utility, which are to be treated as an advance to the authority and repaid as mutually agreed [sec.22]. -Sets tax classes for property owned by the authority [sec.23-25]. -Establishes that any electric transmission lines and facilities owned by the authority with a capacity of less than 500 kilovolts are not subject to taxation [sec.27(1)(b)].
Legislation - Introduced (Senate) -
Title: Montana Electric and Gas Authority Act
 - Greg H. Lind (MT - D) (Out Of Office)
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text:
Health science refers to a large group of disciplines related to the delivery of health care to humans through the application of science, engineering, mathematics and technology. It is the field in which knowledge is taken from pure science and other related sources and applied to practical and clinical practices to maintain and improve the health of living beings.
This exciting field provides students an opportunity to grow and evolve within a vital industry. Our CTE pathway of health science courses to come include:
- Introduction to Health Science & Careers (Coming January 2022)
- Health Science Technology Exploration (Coming Fall 2022)
- Patient Care & Diagnostics Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
- Biotechnology & Lab Science Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
- Health Informatics & IT Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
Download the Health Science Courses — Pathway Outline to the right to learn more about what these courses will entail. To learn more about our upcoming offerings and how you can bring health science to your students, inquire with your STEM Fuse representative or contact us!


purity — a general purpose purity test
/usr/games/purity [ flags ] [ testname ]
Purity is an interactive purity test program with a simple, user interface and datafile format. For each test, questions are printed to the your terminal, and you are prompted for an answer to the current question. At a prompt, these are your choices:
Answer "yes" to the question.
Answer "no" to the question.
Backup one question, if you answered it incorrectly, or someone is watching you take the test, and you don't (or do) want to admit a different answer.
Redraw the current question.
Quit the test, and print the current score.
Print a help screen for the current prompt.
Kill a section of the test. This skips all the questions of the test until the next subject heading.
Toggle answer mode between real answers and obfuscated answers. Real answers print "yes" and "no", while obfuscated answers are "Maybe" and "maybe". Obfuscated answers are preferred if you are shy, and don't want people to be able to read your answers over your shoulder as you take the test.
Toggle dERanGe output.
Print your current score on the test you are taking.
Toggle score logging.
At the end of the test, your score is printed out. For most purity tests, lower scores denote more "experience" of the test material.
These are the command line flags for the test.
Show real answers (i.e. "yes" and "no") instead of obfuscated ones (i.e. "Maybe" and "maybe") as you answer the questions.
PrINt THe tESt in DerANgeD pRInT.
Take the test in fast mode. Only the questions are printed, and not any other text blocks, like the introdution, subject headers, and the conclusion.
Take the test without having your score logged.
Print the test without prompting for answers. This is useful for making hard copies of the tests without having to edit out the prompts by hand.
Decrypt the test using the Rot 13 algorithm. This is done as a form of "protection", such that if you read a rot13 test and it offends you, it's your own fault.
zoom through more prompts in large text blocks. The default is to prompt the user for more when a screenful of text has been printed without any user input.
Datafile format
The format of the datafiles is a very simple format, intended such that new tests can quickly and easily be converted to run with the test.
There are four types of text in a purity test datafile. Each type is contained in a bracket type of punctuation. The definitions are as follows:
the styles of text blocks are:
{ plain text block }
[ subject header ]
( test question )
and < conclusion >
Plain text blocks are printed out character for character.
Subject headers are preceded by their subject numbers, starting at 1, and then printed as text blocks.
Questions are preceded by their numbers, and then prompt the user to answer the question, keeping track of the user's current score.
Conclusions first calculate and print the user's score for the test, then print out the conclusion as a text block.
If you wish to include any of the various bracket punctuation in your text, the backslash ("\") character will escape the next character.
To print a question with parentheses, you would use the following format:
(have you ever written a purity test \(like this one\)?)
the output would be this:
 1. have you ever written a purity test (like this one)?
and then it would have asked the user for her/his answer.
For a generic datafile, use the "sample" datafile for the test.
/var/games/purity.scores the score logfile
/usr/share/games/purity/* test data files
Eric Lechner, _EMAIL_