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Agia Napa village Ammochostos district
Agia Napa village Ammochostos district
Located in the Ammochostos (Famagusta) district, the once-sleepy fishing village of Agia Napa is famous for its stunning coasts, as well as for its ranking as a top nightlife destination, known worldwide.
Home to some of the best beaches on the island, its strips vary from bustling to secluded, whilst the area also encompasses the Natural Forest Park of Cape Gkreko, which is especially beautiful with its coves, caves, rare flora and fauna and breathtaking views.
The heart of the village is its square where the Medieval monastery stands and is a tranquil landmark during the day, whilst in the evening the area is vibrant and energised when the bars and clubs come to life. The square is also the scene for many cultural events, including the Medieval Festival in October, the Children's Festival & Agia Napa Kids Summer Festival, the International Festival in September and the important religious festival of the Feast of Panagia Virgin Mary on September 08.
The village's sights of interest include: the Thalassa Municipal Museum of the sea; the Makronisos Archaeological site (with tombs dating back to Hellenistic and Roman periods); various sea caves (such as Palatiaand Korakas Bridge); the quaint fishing harbour, the International Sculpture Park and its adjacent Park of Mediterranean Plants, Cacti and Succulents; the old aqueduct; Lovers Bridge - with its love locks - and significant religious monuments such as the Agia Thekla and Agioi Anargyroi chapels.


Home Unity Tutorials
How to Tell a Joke With Unity Timeline
Writing jokes is easy. Telling jokes is hard. In this tutorial, you'll learn about Unity's Timeline and how to create and deliver your very own punchlines!
5/5 4 Ratings
 - C# 7.3, Unity 2020.1, Unity
Games are full of dialog, and how that dialog is delivered is often more important than the writing. After all, writing jokes is easy, telling jokes is hard. That's why stand-up comedians spend night after night trying the same material in different ways to get the biggest laugh.
In this tutorial, you'll learn how to use Unity's Timeline to create and deliver your very own punchlines with perfect comedic timing. Timeline will take your dialog system to the next level, helping you retain user attention and get even bigger laughs.
In this tutorial, you'll learn:
 1. What Timeline is.
 2. How to trigger custom events with Timeline.
 3. How to implement a custom dialog system from scratch.
Comedian telling a joke
Note: This tutorial assumes you know the basics of development in Unity. If you're new to the subject, check out our Unity for Beginners series first. Also, read our Intro to Unity Timeline.
For this tutorial, you'll need Unity 2020.1.6f1 or later.
Getting Started
Download the project by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial.
Open the starter project, which was created using the 2D template, and look at the folder structure in the Project window.
Folder setup in the Project window
In Assets ▸ RW, you'll find everything you need for the project:
 1. Scenes: Contains the JokeMachine scene.
 2. Scripts: An empty folder for the scripts you'll create.
 3. Sprites: Contains sample art for you to use.
 4. Timeline: Anmpty folder for the Timeline Asset you'll create.
Now, you're ready to start cracking… jokes! :]
Setting the Scene
For your first step, you'll set up a simple scene containing a comedian telling a joke. Later, you'll use Timeline to make the joke appear with perfect comedic timing.
Adding the Text Bubble
Open the JokeMachine scene inside the Scenes folder. Inside, you'll find a very basic scene with a camera.
Start by creating a bubble for the dialog. Add a UI ▸ Image GameObject and call it JokeWindow. This automatically adds some other components, including a Canvas and an EventSystem.
For the Source Image, select ChatBubble from the Sprites folder. Set the Color to something funny, like purple. Next, set the Width to 1000 and the Height to 600. Finally, set Pos X to 90 and Pos Y to 160. This should make the bubble fill the top right of the screen.
Add a UI ▸ Text – TextMeshPro GameObject as a child of the JokeWindow and call it JokeText.
You might see a pop-up to install the TextMeshPro package; if so, do it. Open Package Manager to confirm that you've installed TextMeshPro.
Package Manager showing that you have TextMeshPro instealled
Next, set the JokeText's Width to 600 and the Height to 200, with the default centered anchor. In the Scene View, the outline of the box should fit nicely within the bubble.
Set Font Size in the TextMeshPro component to 50, then center the text vertically and make sure the Vertex Color is different from the bubble color you selected. The default white color is fine.
In the text field, insert the following joke across three lines:
 - There's 10 types of people in the world.
 - Those who know binary,
 - and those who don't.
Funny, right?
Adding the Comedian
Now that you've set up your text bubble, you need someone to tell the joke.
Add another UI ▸ Image GameObject as a child of Canvas for the main character. Call it Comedian.
A suitable character is waiting for you in the downloaded materials. Make it appear by going to the Source Image and selecting Comedian from the Sprites folder.
To position the Comedian, set the Width to 400 and the Height to 400. Then, adjust the RectTransform to place the character to the lower left of the bubble by setting Pos X to -390 and Pos Y to -160.
In the Canvas GameObject, change the default Canvas Scalar component to Scale with Screen Size and the Reference Resolution to 1280 x 720. Finally, set Screen Match Mode to Expand. This will ensure that your friendly comedian makes full use of the stage — regardless of screen size or aspect ratio — without being clipped.
Canvas Scalar with the values listed above entered in it
The UI is now complete. Click Play and you'll see a joke onscreen… but you're probably not laughing. Seeing the text all at once is a great way to ruin the punchline. Instead, it would be better for the text to appear gradually.
Comedian with a purple text bubble saying the joke all at once
Revealing Text Over Time
Ever since the invention of the typewriter, words have appeared one letter at a time. To do that in Unity, you need a script to modify the TextMeshPro component.
Inside Scripts, create a new C# script named Typewriter. Attach that script to the JokeText GameObject.
Now, you're ready to set your bubble text to gradually reveal itself.
To start, open the Typewriter script in your favorite code editor and add this declaration to the script, above the class declaration:
using TMPro; //for TextMeshPro
This will let you access TextMeshPro features.
Next, just inside the class declaration, add these variables:
private TMP_Text textBox;
private float timePerCharacter = 0.05f;
Here's what this code does:
 1. Creates a private reference to TMP_Text that you can use throughout the script.
 2. Declares the variable, timePerCharacter, and set it to 0.05f.
Next, you'll use Awake to set up the TMP_Text component:
void Awake()
 textBox = GetComponent();
 textBox.enableWordWrapping = true;
 textBox.maxVisibleCharacters = 0;
In this code, you:
 1. Cache the reference to the attached GameObject.
 2. Configure enableWordWrapping to true to have multiple lines in the text box.
 3. Initialize the variable maxVisibleCharacters to 0 so the bubble looks empty to start.
To reveal one character at a time, add the following code:
public IEnumerator Reveal(int startLetterIndex)
 int totalVisibleCharacters = textBox.textInfo.characterCount;
 for (int i = startLetterIndex; i < totalVisibleCharacters; i++)
 textBox.maxVisibleCharacters = i + 1;
 yield return new WaitForSeconds(timePerCharacter);
 textBox.maxVisibleCharacters = totalVisibleCharacters;
 yield break;
And here's what this does:
 1. Forces an update of the mesh to get up-to-date information about the text component.
 2. Gets the number of visible characters in the text object.
 3. Reveals one letter at a time with a pause after each letter.
 4. For insurance, shows all the possible characters at the end of the coroutine.
Now, you need something that will start the Typewriter. So, for testing purposes, add the following code:
private void OnEnable()
OnEnable is called when the GameObject becomes enabled in the scene. So, when the text box appears on screen, it will start the coroutine Reveal.
Save the script and return to the editor. Click Play and watch the joke reveal one character at a time.
But... well, it's still not very funny. Before implementing an even better way to deliver the joke, take a moment to consider why jokes are funny.
The text revealing one character at a time, in linear time.
Understanding Comic Timing
The world is full of jokes in many forms. But ask yourself this: Do you laugh more reading a joke, or when you hear a professional tell it?
Try this at home with your favorite comedian on a streaming service. Watch with subtitles on and the sound off, and then watch with the sound on and the subtitles off. Which is funnier?
Spoken jokes are more popular than written jokes because timing is critical to getting a laugh. Rush it and you ruin it. Wait too long, and the audience fills in the gap. Even cartoon strips use the three-box format to control the delivery of the joke.
Those three parts are: the Setup, the Turn, and the Punchline. The length of each is important, the pace of each is important and the pause between each is important.
Professional stand-up comedians rehearse those timings over and over until they get it just right. But how do you control all that timing in Unity? The answer is: Timeline!
Understanding Timeline
Unity's Timeline infrastructure is powerful and flexible. It allows you to create cutscenes, cinematics and gameplay sequences by visually arranging tracks and clips linked to GameObjects in your scene.
In this tutorial, you'll use it to make a dialog system. The infrastructure is made of several parts that all need to work in harmony:
 1. Timeline Asset: An arrangement of tracks you manage in the Timeline Window.
 2. Timeline Track: A sequence of animation clips of a similar type.
 3. Playable Director GameObject: Associates a Timeline Asset with a GameObject in the scene.
 4. Signal Emitter: Contains a reference to a


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A cash register also referred to as till is a mechanical or electronic device for calculating and recording sales transactions, and an attached drawer for storing cash. The cash register also usually prints a receipt for the customer.
In most cases the drawer can be opened only after a sale, except when using special keys, which generally only the owner (if not also some employees) have. This reduces the risk of employees stealing from the shop owner by pocketing the money without recording a sale, when a customer does not need a receipt but has to be given change (cash is more easily checked against recorded sales than inventory). In fact, cash registers were invented for the purpose of eliminating employee theft or embezzlement; the original name was Incorruptible Cashier. It has also been suggested that odd pricing came about because by charging odd amounts like 49 or 99 cents, the cashier very probably had to open the till for the penny change and thus announce the sale.
The first cash register was invented by James Ritty following the American Civil War. He was the owner of a saloon in Dayton, Ohio, USA, and wanted to stop employees from pilfering his profits. He invented the Ritty Model I in 1879 after seeing a tool that counted the revolutions of the propeller on a steamship. With the help of John Ritty, his brother, he patented it in 1883.
The first registers were entirely mechanical, without receipts. The employee was required to ring up every transaction on the register, and when the total key was pushed, the drawer opened and a bell would ring, alerting the manager to a sale taking place. Those original machines were nothing but simple adding machines.
Shortly after his patent, Ritty became overwhelmed with the responsibilities of running two businesses, so he sold all of his interests in the cash register business to Jacob H. Eckert of Cincinnati, a china and glassware salesman, who formed the National Manufacturing Company. In 1884 Eckert sold the company to John H. Patterson, who renamed the company the National Cash Register Company and improved the cash register by adding a paper roll to record sales transactions, thereby creating the receipt. The original purpose of the receipt was enhanced fraud protection. The business owner could read the receipts to ensure that cashiers charged customers the correct amount for each transaction and did not embezzle the cash drawer.
In 1906, while working at the National Cash Register company, inventor Charles F. Kettering designed a cash register with an electric motor.
A leading designer, builder, manufacturer, seller and exporter of cash registers in the 1950s until the 1970s was London-based (and later Brighton-based) Gross Cash Registers Ltd., founded by brothers Sam and Henry Gross. Their cash registers were particularly popular around the time of decimalisation in Britain in early 1971, Henry having designed one of the few known models of cash register which could switch currencies from £sd to £p so that retailers could easily change from one to the other on or after Decimal Day. Sweda also had decimal ready registers where the retailer used a special key on decimal day for the conversion.
In current use
||This article duplicates, in whole or part, the scope of other article(s) or section(s).|
Cash registers include a key labeled "NS", which is abbreviated for "No Sale", and opens the drawer, printing a receipt stating "No Sale" and recording it in the register log that the register was opened. Some other cash registers require a numeric password or physical key to be used when attempting to open the till. In some jurisdictions the law also requires customers to collect the receipt and keep it at least for a short while after leaving the shop, again to check that the shop records sales, so that it cannot evade sales taxes.
Often cash registers are attached to scales, barcode scanners, checkstands, and debit card or credit card terminals. Increasingly, dedicated cash registers are being replaced with general purpose computers with POS software. Cash registers use bitmap characters for printing.
Today, point of sale systems scan the barcode (usually EAN or UPC)) for each item, retrieve the price from a database, calculate deductions for items on sale (or, in British retail terminology, "special offer", "multibuy" or "buy one, get one free"), calculate the sales tax or VAT, calculate differential rates for preferred customers, actualize inventory, time and date stamp the transaction, record the transaction in detail including each item purchased, record the method of payment, keep totals for each product or type of product sold as well as total sales for specified periods, and do other tasks as well. These POS terminals will often also identify the cashier on the receipt, and carry additional information or offers.
Currently, many cash registers are individual computers. They may be DOS, Windows or Unix based. Many of them have touch screens. They may be connected to computerized Point of sale networks using any type of protocol. Such systems may be accessed remotely for the purpose of obtaining records or troubleshooting. Many businesses also use tablet computers as cash registers, utilizing the sale system as downloadable app-software.
Cash drawer
A cash drawer is the compartment underneath a cash register in which the cash from transactions is kept. The drawer typically contains a removable till. The till is usually a plastic or wooden tray divided into compartments used to store each denomination of bank notes and coins separately in order to make counting easier. The removable till allows money to be removed from the sales floor to a more secure location for counting and creating bank deposits. Some modern cash drawers are individual units separate from the rest of the cash register.
A cash drawer is usually of strong construction and may be integral with the register or a separate piece that the register sits atop. It slides in and out of its lockable box and is secured by a spring-loaded catch. When a transaction that involves cash is completed, the register sends an electrical impulse to a solenoid to release the catch and open the drawer. Cash drawers that are integral to a stand-alone register often have a manual release catch underneath to open the drawer in the event of a power failure. More advanced cash drawers have eliminated the manual release in favor of a cylinder lock, requiring a key to manually open the drawer. The cylinder lock usually has several positions: locked, unlocked, online (will open if an impulse is given), and release. The release position is an intermittent position with a spring to push the cylinder back to the unlocked position. In the "locked" position, the drawer will remain latched even when an electric impulse is sent to the solenoid.
Due the increasing amount of notes and varieties of notes, many cash drawers have opted to store notes in a vertical side facing position instead of the traditional horizontal upward facing position. It enables faster access to each note and allowed more varieties of notes to stored. Sometimes the cashier will even divide the notes without any physical divider at all. Some cash drawers are also the Flip Top in design, where they flip open instead of sliding out like an ordinary drawer, resembling a cashbox instead.
Manual input
Registers will typically feature a numerical pad, QWERTY or custom keyboard, touch screen interface, or a combination of these input methods for the cashier to enter products and fees by hand and access information necessary to complete the sale. For older registers as well as at restaurants and other establishments that do not sell barcoded items, the manual input may be the only method of interacting with the register. While customization was previously limited to larger chains that could afford to have physical keyboards custom-built for their needs, the customization of register inputs is now more widespread with the use of touch screens that can display a variety of point of sale software.
Modern cash registers may be connected to a handheld or stationary barcode reader so that a customer's purchases can be more rapidly scanned than would be possibly by keying numbers into the register by hand. The use of scanners should also help prevent errors that result from manually entering the product's barcode or pricing. At grocers, the register's scanner may be combined with a scale for measuring product that is sold by weight.
Receipt printer
Cashiers are often required to provide a receipt to the customer after a purchase has been made. Registers typically use thermal printers to print receipts, although older dot matrix printers are still in use at some retailers. Alternatively, retailers can forgo issuing paper receipts in some jurisdictions by instead asking the customer for an email to which their receipt can be sent. The receipts of larger retailers tend to include unique barcodes or other information identifying the transaction so that the receipt can be scanned to facilitate returns or other customer services.
Security deactivation
In stores that use electronic article surveillance, a pad or other surface will be attached to the register that deactivates security devices embedded or attached to the items being purchased. This will prevent a customer's purchase from setting off security alarms at the store's exit.
Self checkout
Some corporations and supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines, where the customer is trusted to scan the barcodes (or manually identify uncoded items like fruit), and place the items into a bagging area. The bag is weighed, and the machine halts the checkout when the weight of something in the bag doesn't match the weight in the inventory database. Normally, an employee is watching over several such checkouts to prevent theft or exploitation of the machines' weaknesses (for example, intentional misidentification of expensive produce or dry goods). Payment on these machines is accepted by debit card/credit card, or cash via coin slot and bank note scanner. Store employees are also needed to authorize "age-restricted" purchases, such as alcohol, solvents or knives, which can either be done remotely by the employee observing the self-checkout, or by means of a "store login" which the operator has to enter.
- Bryson, Bill (199

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Sunday, November 13, 2011
Improbable regular cognates
In Zenaga (the Berber language of Mauritania), the word for "slave" is oʔḅḅäy.
In the "Shelha" Berber spoken near Touggourt, the word for "black" is aɣəggal. (In Tamasheq - Malian Tuareg - ɣǎggal means "to be brown".)
As you've probably guessed from the title, these are originally the same word. The semantic shift is sadly predictable, given Saharan history, but how can the consonants be related? Well:
Zenaga ʔ regularly corresponds to pan-Berber ɣ, eg iʔf "head" = iɣəf, iʔy "arm" = iɣil, iʔssi "bone" = iɣəs.
Proto-Berber *ww becomes bb in Zenaga and gg(ʷ) almost everywhere else in Berber, eg "year": Zenaga äššäbbaš = pan-Berber asəgg(ʷ)as.
Pan-Berber l becomes Zenaga y word-finally, eg ađ̣abbäy "male in-law" = pan-Berber aḍəgg(ʷ)al. But if you add the feminine ending -t, the resulting cluster lt becomes L. Sure enough, "slave (f.)" in Zenaga is toʔḅḅäL.
So if you're tired of repeating Armenian "erku" = English "two" every time you need an example of a non-trivial sound change, consider opting for a Berber example.
(All Zenaga data from Taine-Cheikh 2010; Tamasheq data from Heath 2006; Touggourt (specifically Tala n Aʕməṛ) data courtesy of a friend. The correspondences in question are discussed in more detail in Kossmann 1999.)
lethargic-man said...
I didn't know that. I went in search of evidence from the Net of a Thousand Lies, and this post of yours now occupies places 3 and 4 on googling the appropriate words. :o)
consider opting for a Berber example.
...if you know enough Berber to know how to pronounce and ä and ǎ (and ʔ and ɣ)...
Anonymous said...
Hi Lameen nice post :-)
I want to mention:
ungal: used for black and brown in the Moroccan High-Atlas [south-central&east]
The root GL ->>
ssengel: se mettre de Kohol
ungal: qui a les paupières noires
source| M.Kossmann 'essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère
iqelian (Sous) et -iqelliun- (A. Ba3mran); coll. pl. que l'on doit rapporter à un mot -ghuel- (Ouargla), être bleu foncé d'ou -agheggal-, adjectief de couleur, bleu^noir -ungal-: noir (Dads)
source | Dictionnaire Berbère / Français - Dialecte des Ntifa par M.DRAY
Claire said...
That's definitely going on the list! Thanks!
Zeus said...
/agheggwal/ =black is used in Shawi berber among the tribe of Ighassiren (whose territory stretches fom tifelfal to Ghoufi on ighzer amellal). two miles from tifelfal in taghit (on the sam river bank inhabited by ait buliman) it is no longer /agheggwal/ but /aberkan/ for black!!!!!!


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Through bedroom window, warm breeze blew. Deposited by lush forest, They floated at the threshold to Magic realm where tall trees chorused. Before them, floated small canoe... Carried them to shimmering lake. They floated at the threshold to Stars mirrored in ripples opaque. Upwards, then higher, on they flew. As threads of heavens came undone, They floated at the threshold to The morning, lit by rising sun.
A Kyrielle is a French form of rhyming poetry written in quatrains (a stanza consisting of 4 lines), and each quatrain contains a repeating line or phrase as a refrain (usually appearing as the last line of each stanza). Each line within the poem consists of only eight syllables. There is no limit to the amount of stanzas a Kyrielle may have, but three is considered the accepted minimum.
Some popular rhyming schemes for a Kyrielle are: aabB, ccbB, ddbB, with B being the repeated line, or abaB, cbcB, dbdB.
Mixing up the rhyme scheme is possible for an unusual pattern of: axaZ, bxbZ, cxcZ, dxdZ, etc. with Z being the repeated line.
The rhyme pattern is completely up to the poet.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Today, I came across a program known as 7stacks. It is an easy to use, freeware that lets Windows 7, Vista and XP users to have "stacks" of icons. In Windows 7 stacks appear in the taskbar and in Windows XP and Vista stacks appear in the QuickLaunch Toolbar. So what's the use of stacks? By using stacks, users can reduce icon clutter, and combine a group of related icons into a single icon. If programs like Yahoo messenger, Google talk, and msn messenger are open then they all will be grouped under one stack in the taskbar.
It also allows you to browse and access documents within a folder very quickly. Usually, when you want to edit a series of frequently used documents, you'd have to either launch the app and go to My Computer icon> My Documents folder and then pick the file you want. With 7stacks, just create a stack to that document's folder, and open that document in a couple of clicks. Pretty easy isn't it?
-In 7 and Vista, 7stacks uses Aero, making the stacks look like part of Windows itself.
-Browse subfolders within a stack, just like in OS X Snow Leopard.
-3 different styles of stacks: Normal, Grid, and Menu
-Normal displays a stack of icons vertically, with a text description next to it.
-Grid displays a "squarish" grid of icons only; useful when displaying a large number of items like document folders.
-Menu displays a cascading menu of items, with a very small icon and a name next to it. Hover over subfolders to browse inside those folders.
-In Windows 7, create a new stack by right-clicking on any stack and selecting "Create New Stack" from the JumpList entry.
-In Menu mode, 7stacks doesn't even need to be in a toolbar. You can use it right from your desktop, or any other folder.
-Pin up to 10 different stacks on the Windows 7 taskbar
RELATED: Windows 7 Aero Shake Taskbar for XP


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Strengthening Democratic Culture in Basic Education
Objective: to integrate a democratic school culture into the Turkish national education system
- Policy recommendations for the integration of competences for democratic culture are put forward and a strategic action plan will be developed building on these policy recommendations.
- Education materials based on human rights, democracy and universal core values are developed targeting basic education institutions.
- School teachers and education practitioners working in basic education institutions are equipped with competences for democratic culture.
- Basic education institutions, school communities and the general public have an increased awareness and a better understanding of democratic school culture.
- Working groups/expert meetings: representatives of the Ministry of Education and consultants will meet to work on a needs analysis, a review of curricula and on the development of training programmes and materials.
- Strategic Planning meetings: decision makers from the Ministry of Education will meet to develop a roadmap for the policy recommendations.
- Focus Groups meetings: members of the Ministry of Education will meet stakeholders and target groups of the project to discuss key issues.
- Domestic study visits: students from pilot cities will have the opportunity to visit Ankara to share experiences and good practices and to establish partnerships and networks with each other.
- Training of trainers: a pool of trainers for specific target groups will be created to support the sustainability of the results of the project.
- Regional Workshops and Conferences: events to raise awareness and share lessons learned and results of the project will be organised.
For more information:
- Capacity building
- Current Projects
- Democratic and Inclusive School Culture in Operation (DISCO)
- European Qualifications Passport for Refugees
- Quality Education for All - Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Quality Education for All - Montenegro
- Quality education for all – Serbia
- Strengthening Democratic Citizenship Education in Albania
- INCLUDE - Building Capacity for Inclusion in Education
- Strengthening Democratic Culture in Basic Education
- Education for Democracy in the Republic of Moldova
- EEA/Norway Grants
- Previous Projects
- Current Projects


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Astronomical Eyepiece and Solar Filters
Astronomical filters can enhance the appearance of the moon, planets, and nebulae. The moon and in some cases planets are too bright when viewed through a telescope. Lunar or neutral density filters reduce this brightness, making it easier to discern fine details. In other cases one color dominates the image and more detail can be seen if this color is partially filtered. Nebulae benefit from narrow bandpass filters that selectively pass very specific wavelengths of light being emitted by ionized hydrogen and oxygen. Solar filters are absolutely essential for safely observing the sun.
Nebular filters are designed for observing emission nebulae, dramatically increasing both the contrast and detail that is visible.
Lunar and planetary filters enhance the view by reducing glare or subduing a predominant color, allowing more subtle details to become visible.
Many astronomical filters are designed for visual observing, but some are specifically designed to be used exclusively for imaging applications using CCD or Digital SLR cameras.
Solar filters permit the safe observation of the sun with a telescope. White light filters are useful for observing sunspots. Hydrogen Alpha filters reveal details on both the surface, and in the corona.


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Traumatic Grief and Unconfirmed Death
An unconfirmed death refers to a situation in which the family does not know for sure whether the person has died and has no guarantee that the person will return. Such situations can occur during war, through kidnapping, or during natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes. In cases such as these, children may continue to hope, imagine, or plan on the person's return, and feel guilty or disloyal when engaging in rituals such as celebrating holidays without the missing person. The lack of certainty surrounding the death can be confusing and can mean that traditional—and potentially comforting—rituals such as a funeral cannot be observed. Unconfirmed death can also lead to traumatic grief reactions in children.
Unconfirmed death can be traumatic for children and teens, in part because the lack of certainty about the death makes it difficult for them to complete many of the tasks of normal bereavement. This publication offers caregivers advice on helping children deal with the complex emotions that arise when the death of family member or other important person in a child's life is suspected, but not confirmed.


Italy is a dying country as babies no longer replace people who die, says health minister
The country's birth rate falls to its lowest level - 8.4 per 1,000 people - since the foundation of the modern state in 1861
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, has called Italy "a dying country" Credit: Photo: Elisabetta Villa/Getty Images
Italy's birth rate has fallen to its lowest level since the foundation of the modern state in 1861, prompting fresh alarm in a society that has been steadily ageing for decades.
The number of births per 1,000 people has fallen to just 8.4, down from 38.3 when Italy's territories and kingdoms were unified a century and a half ago.
In Britain and the United States, the figures are 12 and 13 respectively.
Last year 509,000 babies were born in Italy, 5,000 fewer than in 2013.
The mortality rate also declined last year, stretching life expectancy for Italian women to 85 years, while the average man will live to 80.
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, said: "We are at the threshold where people who die are not being replaced by newborns. That means we are a dying country.
"This situation has enormous implications for every sector: the economy, society, health, pensions, just to give a few examples."
Italy's five million immigrants, out of an overall population of 60 million, are also having fewer children, having previously registered high birth rates.
The birth rate among immigrants has fallen to 1.9 children per woman, its lowest level for five years.
Overall, the number of couples choosing not to have children has increased to 40 per cent in the last decade. Italian women have 1.39 children on average, against an EU average of 1.58.
The birth rate decline was blamed on years of economic recession and high unemployment. The birth rate is lowest in the Mezzogiorno, or south of Italy, where the recession has hit hardest. Sardinia, for example, had a birth rate of 7.1 per cent.
The average age at which Italian women have their first child has been creeping up for years and is now at 31 years and six months.
Life expectancy for Italian women is 85 years, while the average man will live to 80


Adolf Butenandt
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939
Born: 24 March 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany
Died: 18 January 1995, Munich, Germany
Affiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Berlin University, Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for his work on sex hormones."
Adolf Butenandt was caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but he later received the diploma and the medal.
Prize share: 1/2
Hormones are substances that transfer signals between the body's cells and organs and regulate bodily functions. In the 1930s Adolf Butenandt contributed to the mapping of several hormones that specifically apply to men and women, respectively. After determining the composition of the female sex hormone estrogen, he was able to determine the structure for this hormone and a related hormone, estriol. He was also able to produce a male sex hormone in pure form for the first time and to determine its chemical composition. It was named androsterone.
To cite this section
MLA style: Adolf Butenandt – Facts. Nobel Media AB 2021. Tue. 20 Apr 2021. <>
Explore prizes and laureates


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Rat Spelling Worksheet A rat and a cake designed for a first grade literacy curriculum this worksheet is an appealing hands on way for children to learn about grammer phonics and spelling patterns Worksheets and follow up activities suitable for use at home and at school mole leaves his spring cleaning to explore the world above there he meets the rat and the two set off for a leisurely A rat and a cake designed for a first grade literacy curriculum this worksheet is an appealing hands on way for children to learn about grammer phonics and spelling patterns.
Rat Spelling Worksheet
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4th Grade Missing Letters K5 Learning
Rat Ra Fore T A Rather B Retain C Celebrate D Rainforest E Deposit F Rolled G Pumpkin H Bargain Online Reading Math For K 5 K5learning 4th Grade Missing Letters Grade 4 Spelling Worksheet There Is A Letter Missing In Each Word Below Print The Complete Word On The Blank Line Beside Each Word With The Missing Letter Ol E Rolled Pu Ki Pumpkin Re IRat Lesson Plans Worksheets Lesson Planet
Here Is A Two Page Worksheet On Rats And Mice Learners Answer Nine True False Questions About Rats And Mice Then Compose Answers To Seven Short Answer Questions About These Two Rodents Finally They Must Compose A Fictional Story Get Free Access See Review Lesson Planet Rat Round Up For Teachers 3rd 8th Students Build A Device That Captures And Carries A Pet Rat Safely Back To ItsSpelling Grade 1 Spelling Words First Grade 1 Spelling
Rat Fat Pat Title Spelling Grade 1 Spelling Words First Grade 1 Spelling List Author K5 Learning Subject First Grade 1 Worksheet 1st Grade Spelling Words At Words Keywords First Grade 1 Spelling Spelling Lists For Grade 1 Spelling Words At Learn To Spell For Grade 1 Created Date 11 27 1 12 36 PmCommon Spelling Errors Activity Sheet Whitmore High
Common Spelling Errors Activity Sheet Answers 1 Oh It S No Problem I M Sure We Can Accommodate Your Mother S Chihuahua If It Really Must Sleep On Her Bed I Was Relieved That Was One Problem Solved 2 I Can T Believe You Didn T Write It On The Calendar You Know I Can T Remember Anything Unless It Is Written Down
Spelling Worksheets Sports At Enchantedlearning
Spelling Worksheets What Toy Am I For Each Toy Choose The Word That Best Describes It Or Go To The Answers Match The Syllables Sports Words Match The Two Syllables To Make 10 Sports Words The Words Are Football Tennis Athlete Rugby Racket Soccer Compete Skating Arrow Hockey Or Go To The Answers Match The Syllables Sports Words Match Three Syllables To Make 10 Sports Words
Spelling Grade 2 Worksheets Lesson Worksheets
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Data from this station is courtesy of the Bodega Marine Laboratory.
Time displayed is based on Bodega Marine Lab, CA local time. The wind graph displays observations as reported in miles per hour. The blue line and shaded area represents the average wind speed, the red represents gust value, and the green represents lull. Dots along the lines indicate time of data reported. The yellow arrows represent observed wind direction. An arrow pointing down indicates wind blowing from north to south, and is commonly referred as a "north wind". Note: frequency (and latency) of data is a function of the individual reporting station. Many non-WeatherFlow stations report data only once per hour. Check sensor notes for information on data source. Please read and understand disclaimer
before using this information.


Publ: Python API
Last updated:
Library calls
The publ library provides the publ.Publ class. Its constructor is called as follows:
 - Publ(name, cfg): Creates a Publ application object.
 name is the internal name for the application; this is more or less arbitrary although it's useful if you're setting up multiple Publ applications for some reason (Note: multiple Publ apps are not currently supported). Generally you just pass in __name__ for this.
 cfg is the configuration options for Publ; it is a dictionary which holds the following values:
 - database_config: The parameters sent to PonyORM's db.bind() method. Defaults to an in-memory sqlite database.
 - index_rescan_interval: How frequently Publ should do a maintenance rescan of the content files. Defaults to 7200 (2 hours); set to 0 or None to disable.
 - index_wait_time: How long to wait to start updating the index after a change is detected, in seconds. Defaults to 1.
 - content_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's content files. Defaults to content
 - template_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's template files. Defaults to templates
 - static_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's static files. Defaults to static
 - static_url_path: The root path that browsers will be directed to for static content files. Defaults to /static. If you want to use a separate CDN/image server/etc., you would configure this to be the URL that would correspond to your static asset directory for the public (and configure some other mechanism for that external service to actually retrieve your origin content).
 - image_output_subdir: The subdirectory of static_folder that will be used to store the image rendition cache. Defaults to _img.
 Be careful not to set this to a directory you want to store static files in, as they risk being deleted.
 - image_cache_interval: How frequently to clean the image rendition cache, in seconds. Defaults to 7200 (3 hours).
 - image_cache_age: The maximum age of image renditions to keep, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - image_render_threads: The maximum number of threads to use for image rendering; defaults to the number of CPUs in the system. Set this to None to use the Python default for ThreadPoolExecutor.
 - timezone: The timezone to use for dates with no specified time zone. Defaults to the server's local timezone.
 - cache: A dictionary with the page caching configuration; see the deplyment guide for more information. Defaults to {} (i.e. no caching).
 - markdown_extensions: A list of extensions to use with the Markdown processor; see the misaka documentation for a list of accepted values. Defaults to ('tables', 'fenced-code', 'footnotes','strikethrough', 'highlight','superscript','math').
 Generally you will only want to configure this globally, but you can also override these settings at the template level by passing markdown_extensions in as configuration to the entry properties (entry.body, entry.text, entry.title, etc.).
 - layout: Default layout parameters to send to all templates on the site to use for entry.body, entry.more, and entry.footnotes; for example,
 'layout': {
 'max_width': 1024,
 'quality': 80,
 'heading_link_class': 'toc'
 will make the default arguments to entry.body equivalent to:
 {{entry.body(max_width=1024, quality=80, heading_link_class='toc')}}
 - auth: The configuration values for the authentication system. Defaults to no configuration.
 - user_list: The filename of the configuration file that stores the user configuration. Defaults to users.cfg
 - admin_group: The name of the user group that will have administrative access; defaults to admin
 - auth_log_prune_interval: How frequently to clean out the authentication log, in seconds. Defaults to 3600 (one hour).
 - auth_log_prune_age: The maximum age of authentication log entries to keep, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - ticket_lifetime: How long a Ticket Auth ticket can stay in-flight, in seconds. Defaults to 60 (one minute).
 - token_lifetime: How long a Ticket Auth token will remain valid, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - search_index: The directory to keep the full-text search index data in; defaults to None, disabling full-text search.
Application object
A Publ application object is an extension of a Flask application object; you can do all the same things to it as you could to a Flask object, although it's a good idea to not modify any of the configuration values that Publ expects to see.
This mostly exists to provide the _USER_ decorator and its related add_path_regex function; here is an example from my site, used to remap legacy URLs (like /d/20060606.php) to newer URLs (like /comics/?date=20060606):
app = publ.publ(__name__, {})
def redirect_date(match):
 return flask.url_for('category', category='comics',, True
The path alias function takes a re.match object and returns a tuple of (url, is_permanent). This function can also make use of the various Flask request context things (e.g. request.args) and if it doesn't want to redirect after all it can return (None,None).
Note that you can also use _USER_.route like any typical Flask application, but due to Flask routing rules it may not work with variadic routes. For example:
def favicon():
 """ Static route should work """
 return flask.send_file('favicon.ico')
def redirect_foo(path):
 """ Dynamic route will likely fail, as the 'category' route is a stronger match """
 return "We are invisible: {}".format(path)
is unlikely to work. Currently Flask doesn't provide any clean mechanism for adjusting a routing rule's priority; this StackOverflow question discusses the issue and some possible workarounds.
This is based on the that configures It configures basic logging, sets the in-process cache to store up to 500 items for up to 300 seconds, and only does a maintenance rescan once per day. It also maps a bunch of legacy URLs as well as forwarding ActivityPub requests to's handler.
""" Main Publ application """
import os
import logging
import logging.handlers
import publ
import flask
if os.path.isfile('logging.conf'):
 if not os.path.isdir('logs'):
 'logs/publ.log', when='D'),
 format="%(levelname)s:%(threadName)s:%(name)s:%(message)s")"Setting up")
APP_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
config = {
 'database_config': {
 'provider':'sqlite',
 'filename': os.path.join(APP_PATH, 'index.db')
 'timezone': 'US/Pacific',
 'cache': {
 'CACHE_TYPE':'simple',
 'CACHE_THRESHOLD': 500
 } if not os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG') else {},
 'index_rescan_interval': 86400
app = publ.publ(__name__, config)
def favicon():
 """ Send the favicon.ico file directly from this directory """
 return flask.send_file('favicon.ico')
def redirect_date(match):
 ''' legacy comic url '''
def redirect_blog_entry(match):
 ''' missing blog entry -- put up the apology page '''
 return flask.url_for('entry', entry_id=7821), False
def redirect_bridgy(match):
 ''' support ActivityPub via '''
 return '' + flask.request.full_path, False
if __name__ == "__main__":'PORT', 5000))
Flask endpoints
If you're writing Python code that extends Publ, you might need to use flask.url_for. Here are Publ's usable endpoints:
 - category: Routes to a category page; options are:
 - entry: Routes to an entry page; options are:
 - entry_id: The numeric ID of the entry (this is the only one that's useful to specify in url_for)
 - slug_text: The SEO slug text
 - category: The category the entry lives in
 - login: Routes to the login page; options are:
 - redir: The path to redirect to after login completes.
 Note that this must not start with a /. Typical usage will be something like:
 {# login and redirect back to this page #}
 {{ url_for('login', redir=request.full_path[1:]) }}
 {# login and redirect to a specific entry #}
 {{ url_for('login', redir=url_for('entry', entry_id=12345)[1:])}}
 The [1:] is to trim the initial / off the path.
 - me: An identity to initiate sign-in as. This is equivalent to submitting the login form with this value set, and is only really useful for testing.
 - logout: Routes to the logout page; takes the redir option with the same usage as login.
 login and logout have a helper available in publ.utils.auth_endpoint, which simplifies the usage of the endpoints; it takes an endpoint name and returns a function which routes to that endpoint with an optional redirection parameter. If no redirection parameter is provided, it defaults to flask.request.full_path.
 import publ.utils
 # get the login helper
 login_helper = publ.utils.auth_endpoint('login')
 # log in and


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Using this simple and cheap method you can calculate the optimum hanging height for any grow light in any space without expensive tools or specialist equipment. We will show you how to use a free PAR meter App on your phone or a cheap lux meter to measure the PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation, the light that causes photosynthesis and growth) across the grow canopy. We show you how to map out the PAR intensity across your grow area at different heights, calculate the Average PAR for each height and the uniformity (how well the light is spread).
The first step is to hang the grow light at the height the manufacturer recommends or where you think it is probably the best setting taking care of the following:
 - Run the light for 30 minutes to warm it up.
 - Level the light fixture
 - Adjust to maximum power setting
Then you create a 'target surface' to take the measurements. You can use the bottom of the grow tent or a piece of board to simulate the plant canopy and setup as follows:
 - Use a dark surface which does not reflect much light so you do not get false readings from reflected light
 - Divide the area into squares – I suggest 15cm or 6″ squares (you can go smaller for more accuracy or larger but it will be less accurate)
Measure the light intensity across the grow area with a lux meter or PAR app
The next step is to use a lux meter or PAR meter to measure the intensity in each square and make a chart with the numbers in each square (Using a spreadsheet is ideal).
Find out how to calibrate a cheap Amazon Lux meter to a PAR meter here:
Or use the an iPhone and the IOS app, Photone for accurate PAR readings, link here:
This is your first PAR or LUX chart, congratulations!!
You can then calculate the average light intensity or PAR (if you use the lux meter calibration or Photone App) with the following calculation:
Grow light setup calculate par average
Grow light setup – calculate par average
Then take the readings again with the light lower and higher for comparison. This is trial and error but I would suggest lowering and raising in the same increments i.e. 10cm or 5″ each time. Take one lower than your first reading and two higher. You will then be able to compare the average and total light intensity reaching the plant canopy and also determine the most uniform or even spread (please note this example did not have reflective walls on the nearest side and the light intensity is lower, this was to enable filming of the process).
Grow light setup compare hanging heights to determine optimum setting
Grow light setup – compare hanging heights to determine optimum setting
You can clearly see the total amount of light increases as the fixture is lowered. The increase in lowering just 10cm or 5″ is nearly 10%!! This would equate to a yield increase of 10% also. However lowering too much will result in hot spots (readings over 1,000 µmols/m²/sec) and less even coverage, particularly in the corners.
By taking a reading of the power consumed by the light fixture you can also calculate the efficiency of the setup. First calculate the total PAR by multiplying the average PAR x the area in sq. meters. Then divide the total par by the power consumed to get the total efficacy of the lighting setup.
Grow light setup calc par total par and efficiency
Grow light setup – calculation of total par and system efficacy
Using this method you can now map out the light spread for any light in any space and optimise the setup by adjusting the grow light to the perfect height.
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The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.
Classic hull speed formula:
Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWLA more accurate formula devised by Dave Gerr in The Propeller Handbook replaces the Speed/Length ratio constant of 1.34 with a calculation based on the Displacement/Length ratio.
Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio.311
Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL
A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.
SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64)2/3
A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.
Ballast / Displacement * 100
A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat's D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.
D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³
This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat's hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat's motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.
Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL +.3 LOA) x Beam1.33)
This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.
CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)
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Failure codes and asset errors
Within most CMMS systems, failure codes can be used on a work order to help identify why a particular type of equipment or asset failed. These codes are typically alphanumeric characters that are attributed to abbreviations of their descriptions. For example, a failure code such as 'JAMD' refers to 'Equipment Jammed.' Within most organizations, failure codes are vital in determining repeated errors in assets and, at the same time, help troubleshoot these errors early on.
Benefits of using failure codes:
1. Reliability: Failure codes can help organizations perform reliability analysis on equipment failures to improve up-time.
2. Reduce Maintenance Expense: Failure code analysis can help organizations avoid unnecessary maintenance and reduce their maintenance expense.
3. Continuous Improvement: A big bonus that comes with failure codes is that when companies use it to their advantage, they have a whole backlog of historical data that can be viewed. This is useful to improve the design of new facilities and purchase new equipment that delivers the best value to the organization.
Implementing tougher policing of failure codes
Given the benefits of using failure codes, it is no doubt that these codes are useful to organizations that are asset dependent and rely on high-quality equipment. Creating a mandatory use of failure codes within your organization can help improve the ROI of your assets in the long run and, at the same time, help eliminate repeated errors. If you would like to learn more about how to set up failure codes properly and get the most value from your existing historical failure code data, click on one of our resources below, or book a demo with us to chat with an expert!
A Little Guidance Goes A Long Way
Time to play Tag! (You're it!)
Setting Standards for Better Work Orders
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SD ID: ENVRI Radiative Forcing Integration
Organisations & Contacts:
Werner Kutsch, Alex Vermeulen, ICOS ERIC
Ari Asmi, ENVRIplus, Paolo Laj, ACTRIS
Stefan Kindermann, IS-ENES2 (DKRZ)
Sylvie Joussaume, Sébastien Denvil, IS-ENES2 (IPSL)
OVERVIEW: The environment-related disciplines provide many challenges around data management - both in terms of data size, data diversity and data distribution. The ENVRI Radiative Forcing Integration science demonstrator focuses on the interoperability between Observational and Climate Modeling Environmental Research Infrastructures. The scientific focus (redefined in the course of the project) addresses the generation of forcing fields for land surface/ecosystem models from climate models output (instead of the originally planned investigation of radiative forcing), while the technical objectives concentrate on:»the improvement of data integration services based on metadata ontologies»model-data integration by use of HPC»innovative services to compile and compare model output from different sources, especially on semi-automatic spatiotemporal scale conversion.
SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE DEMONSTRATOR:
On the practical side, the demonstrator estimated the capacity requirements to connect the IS-ENES2 climate data infrastructure with the in-situ data systems and land-surface modelling environment of ICOS.. The aim is to provide interactivity, i.e.land surface modelers can get relevant data from a number of climate simulations and generate forcing fields for their models from then, and int turn compare their simulation results with the experimental data collected by the ICOS Carbon portal. This demonstrator will also involve processing on spatiotemporal scale corrections.
- Improvement of data integration services based on metadata ontologies,
- Model-data integration by use of HPC,
- Petascale data movement,
- Innovative services to compile and compare model output from different sources, especially on semi-automatic spatiotemporal scale conversion
- Findability: Metadata ontologies matching between NETCDF-CF and in-situ metadata, data quality indicators.
- Accessibility: Automated access routines between the RI repositories. For fully open data, this is not immediately problematic, but might require analysis on needed resources and APIs.
- Interoperability: APIs, service integration, large data transfers, where to do processing (how to document?)
- Reusability: Citing and persistently identifying scale-changed data-sets? How to transfer knowledge of data versions used.
- MATURITY: All participating RIs have existing data systems, and their "act together"
- INTERDICIPLINARITY: The case provides direct interdisciplinary activity (even though inside the environmental domain)
- SYNERGY: This action directly uses the connections and needs of the existing RI actions within the cluster project ENVRIplus
- ENGAGING COMMUNITY: The case is actually useful for the scientist (and RIs) in the field! It is not just a demonstrator!
In EFRI scientific use case a virtual platform in EGI cloud was used to run land surface model using climate model data outputs from IS-ENES data infrastructure. Land surface model LPJ-GUESS was used to simulate water and carbon fluxes and simulation outputs were compared to in-situ measurements from ecosystem flux towers (Fluxnet 2015 data set).
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
Solving technical problems related to building a virtual platform for the analysis consumed more time than expected. Therefore, improvements regarding the interoperability and data integration was not achieved to the desired extent. Experiences from this pilot might be valuable for future science demonstrators and save time if similar virtual platforms will be used in the future.


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Offer: Alston Bannerman Fellowship Program (for U.S. activists)
The Alston Bannerman Fellowship Program was founded in 1988 to honor and support longtime activists of color by giving them the resources to take time out for reflection and renewal. Fellows receive a $25,000 award to take sabbaticals for three months or more.
To qualify for an Alston Bannerman Sabbatical Fellowship, you must:
- be a person of color
- have more than 10 years of community organizing experience
- be committed to continuing social change work in communities of color
- live in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa,or US Virgin Islands
Beyond the basic eligibility criteria, the Alston/Bannerman Program seeks applicants whose work:
- Attacks roots causes of inequity by organizing those affected to take strategic collective action.
- Challenges the systems that perpetrate injustice and effects institutional and structural change.
- Builds community capacity for democratic participation and develops grassroots leadership.
- Acknowledges the cultural values of the community.
- Creates accountable participatory structures in which community members have decision-making power.
- Contributes to building a movement for social change by making connections between issues, developing alliances with other constituencies and collaborating with other organizations.
2010 Fellowship Application Deadline is April 13


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The complex co-evolutionary systems approach (CCeSA) provides a well-suited framework for analysing agricultural systems, serving as a bridge between biophysical and socioeconomic sciences, allowing for the explanation of phenomena, and for the use of metaphors for thinking and action. By studying agricultural systems as self-generated, hierarchical, complex co-evolutionary farming systems (CCeFSs), one can investigate the interconnections between the elements that constitute CCeFSs, along with the relationships between CCeFSs and other systems, as a fundamental step to understanding sustainability as an emergent property of the system.
CCeFSs are defined as human activity systems emerging from the purposes, gestalt, mental models, history and weltanschauung of the farm manager, and from his dynamic co-evolution with the environment while managing the resources at his hand to achieve his own multiple, conflicting, dynamic, semi-structured and constrained purposes. A sustainable CCeFS is described as one that exhibits both enough fitness to achieve its multiple, dynamic, constrained, semi-structured, and often incommensurable and conflicting purposes while performing above threshold values for failure, and enough flexibility to dynamically co-evolve with its changing biophysical and socioeconomic environment for a given future period. Fitness and flexibility are essential features of sustainable CCeFSs because they describe the systems' dynamic capacity to explore and exploit its dynamic phase space while co-evolving with it. This implies that a sustainable CCeFS is conceived as a set of dynamic, co-evolutionary processes, contrasting with the standard view of sustainability as an equilibrium or steady state.
Achieving sustainable CCeFSs is a semi-structured, constrained, multi-objective, and dynamic optimisation management problem with an intractable search phase space, that can be solved within the CCeSA with the help of a multi-objective co-evolutionary optimisation tool. Cárnico-ICSPEA2, a Co-Evolutionary Navigator (CoEvoNav) used as a CCeSA's tool for harnessing the complexity of the CCeFS of interest and its environment towards sustainability, is introduced. The software was designed by its end-user –the farm manager and author of this thesis– as an aid for the analysis and optimisation of the "San Francisco" ranch, a beef cattle enterprise running on temperate pastures and fodder crops in the central plateau of Mexico. By combining a non-linear simulator and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with a deterministic and stochastic framework, the CoEvoNav imitates the co-evolutionary pattern of the CCeFS of interest. As such, the software was used by the farm manager to 'navigate' through his CCeFS's co-evolutionary phase space towards achieving sustainability at farm level. The ultimate goal was to enhance the farm manager's decision-making process and co-evolutionary skills, through an increased understanding of his system, the co-evolutionary process between his mental models, the CCeFS, and the CoEvoNav, and the continuous discovery of new, improved sets of heuristics.
An overview of the methodological, theoretical and philosophical framework of the thesis is introduced. Also, a survey of the Mexican economy, its agricultural sector, and a statistical review of the Mexican beef industry are presented. Concepts such as modern agriculture, the reductionist approach to agricultural research, models, the system's environment, sustainability, conventional and sustainable agriculture, complexity, evolution, simulators, and multi-objective optimization tools are extensively reviewed. Issues concerning the impossibility of predicting the long-term, detailed future behaviour of CCeFSs, along with the use of simulators as decision support tools in the quest for sustainable CCeFSs, are discussed. The rationale behind the simulator used for this study, along with that of the multi-objective evolutionary tools used as the makeup of CárnicoICSPEA2 are explained.
A description of the "San Francisco" ranch, its key on-farm sustainability indicators in the form of objective functions, constraints, and decision variables, and the semistructured, multi-objective, dynamic, constrained management problem posed by the farm manager's planned introduction of a herd of bulls for fattening as a way to increase the fitness of his CCeFS via a better management of the system's feed surpluses and the acquisition of a new pick-up truck are described as a case study. The tested scenario and the experimental design for the simulations are presented as well. Results from using the CoEvoNav as the farm manager's extended phenotype to solve his multi-objective optimisation problem are described, along with the implications for the management and sustainability of the CCeFS. Finally, the approach and tools developed are evaluated, and the progress made in relation to methodological, theoretical, philosophical and conceptual notions is reviewed along with some future topics for research.


A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University (AAU) and Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh paving the way for collaboration between the two institutions in the areas of mutual interest. AAU, India and SAU, Bangladesh would immediately exchange undergraduate interns for clinical Hands-on training. Both the Universities have also agreed to work out collaboration in other areas of education and research as mentioned below-
 1. Development of collaborative research projects and grant proposal development.
 2. Organizing joint academic activities, viz. conferences, seminars and symposia etc.
 - Exchange of faculties and resource persons for relevant training and human resource development programmes.
 1. Post graduate students (MS and PhD) training, mentoring and research supervision
 2. Sharing the e-resources including scientific publications and teaching materials.
 3. Any other activities viewed to be mutually beneficial.
The MoU was signed by the Deans of the respective Faculties of the two Universities.


text:
Location Change: Closing the Loop √ §
Part of the FDC's NEW Leadership & Teaching Series!
Each semester faculty and staff gather to discuss student learning challenges and achievements and collaborate on ways to improve. Join your colleagues to discuss how you have improved student learning through evidence-based interventions—share your examples, learn new ideas, and reflect on institutional-level interventions. Or bring a learning challenge to discuss with your colleagues. Lunch will be provided.
√ Counts toward ALIT Certificate
§ Counts towards INNOVATE Certificate
New! Leadership & Teaching Series
UMBC's Faculty Development Center Launches the Leadership & Teaching Series!
Sessions in this series are designed to help you to reflect on challenges in teaching facing higher education and how you, in your role as a formal or informal leader at UMBC, can contribute to innovative solutions. Faculty and staff colleagues will address specific challenges in interactive presentations designed to help you explore key questions, for example,
- How can you use research to improve teaching, learning, and curriculum design?
- How can you connect to other teaching leaders to identify common challenges and devise shared solutions?
- How can you contribute to a collaborative culture of evidence-based teaching to improve student learning?
- How can you identify policies, processes, and technologies that make it easier to gather and use evidence of student learning?
Who should attend?
- Chairs, deans, graduate program directors, and others in formal leadership roles
- Faculty and staff with informal leadership roles or who aspire to be campus leaders
We launch our series in early March with Bridging Student Learning Outcomes and Student Success Analytics, an interactive program that demonstrates how faculty and staff integrate assessment and learning analytics data to improve student success. Our second program, Closing the Loop, invites you to share evidence of learning challenges and collaborate with colleagues on potential solutions.


text: A highly contaminated glove-box at LLNL containing plutonium was decontaminated using a strippable decontamination gel. 6 x 12 inch quadrants were mapped out on each of the surfaces. The gel was applied to various surfaces inside the glove-box and was allowed to cure. The radioactivity in each quadrant was measured using a LLNL Blue Alpha meter with a 1.5 inch standoff distance. The results showed decontamination factors of 130 and 210 on cast steel and Lexan® surfaces respectively after several applications. The gel also absorbed more than 91% of the radiation emitted from the surfaces during gel curing. The removed strippable film was analyzed by neutron multiplicity counting and gamma spectroscopy, yielding relative mass information and radioisotopic composition respectively.


Class 3 Calamity
Class 3 Calamity is a anime/manga concept
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The Class 3 Calamity is a curse that haunts the 9th Grade students of Yomiyama North Middle School's Class 3.
Every year in Yomiyama North Middle School's 9th Grade Class 3, past records are mysteriously altered and an unidentifiable dead person joins class as an extra student. Changing rosters or class assignments fails to solve the issue and eventually, the dead student brings enough bad energy into the classroom resulting in a student and one of their family members dying every month.
No permanent cure has been found, however, one class was able to stop the calamity after it began by using currently unknown methods and acts involving a shrine. After years of death, the students and teachers of Class 3 found a preventive measure with a success rate nearing 50%. The students and teachers simply ignore one student and act as if they don't exist, which figuratively puts the class count back at a normal level, and prevents people from dying.
26 years before the start of the series, star student named Yomiyama Misaki tragically died in an accident. Unable to cope with or accept his death, his classmates, teachers, and students acted as if he was still an active member of the class. After graduation, they noticed that he still appeared in class photographs despite being dead.
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Telescope Application is an app for Apple iphone/iPod Touch that functions as a handbook "goto" method. The idea is to make a low cost, app-based mostly alternative to a goto method – but instead of utilizing motors to transfer your telescope instantly, you would use Telescope Application to guideline your self to the object. You begin by mounting your Apple iphone on the telescope tube and heading by the calibration procedure. You then find an object that you want to navigate to. The app then then tells you how to transfer your telescope to track down the selected object by delivering suggestions on your position utilizing a slider.
In this video clip:
You will see how the calibration is performed.
Post time: Oct-05-2016


Copyright © 2016 Hail Science
Hail Science
Q&A: Markus Buehler on setting coronavirus and AI-inspired proteins to music
The proteins that make up all living things are alive with music. Just ask Markus Buehler: The musician and MIT professor develops artificial intelligence models to design new proteins, sometimes by translating them into sound. His goal is to create new biological materials for sustainable, non-toxic applications. In a project with the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, Buehler is searching for a protein to extend the shelf-life of perishable food. In a new study in Extreme Mechanics Letters, he and his colleagues offer a promising candidate: a silk protein made by honeybees for use in hive building.
In another recent study, in APL Bioengineering, he went a step further and used AI discover an entirely new protein. As both studies went to print, the Covid-19 outbreak was surging in the United States, and Buehler turned his attention to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the appendage that makes the novel coronavirus so contagious. He and his colleagues are trying to unpack its vibrational properties through molecular-based sound spectra, which could hold one key to stopping the virus. Buehler recently sat down to discuss the art and science of his work.
Q: Your work focuses on the alpha helix proteins found in skin and hair. Why makes this protein so intriguing?
A: Proteins are the bricks and mortar that make up our cells, organs, and body. Alpha helix proteins are especially important. Their spring-like structure gives them elasticity and resilience, which is why skin, hair, feathers, hooves, and even cell membranes are so durable. But they're not just tough mechanically, they have built-in antimicrobial properties. With IBM, we're trying to harness this biochemical trait to create a protein coating that can slow the spoilage of quick-to-rot foods like strawberries.
Q: How did you enlist AI to produce this silk protein?
A: We trained a deep learning model on the Protein Data Bank, which contains the amino acid sequences and three-dimensional shapes of about 120,000 proteins. We then fed the model a snippet of an amino acid chain for honeybee silk and asked it to predict the protein's shape, atom-by-atom. We validated our work by synthesizing the protein for the first time in a lab — a first step toward developing a thin antimicrobial, structurally-durable coating that can be applied to food. My colleague, Benedetto Marelli, specializes in this part of the process. We also used the platform to predict the structure of proteins that don't yet exist in nature. That's how we designed our entirely new protein in the APL Bioengineering study.
Q: How does your model improve on other protein prediction methods?
A: We use end-to-end prediction. The model builds the protein's structure directly from its sequence, translating amino acid patterns into three-dimensional geometries. It's like translating a set of IKEA instructions into a built bookshelf, minus the frustration. Through this approach, the model effectively learns how to build a protein from the protein itself, via the language of its amino acids. Remarkably, our method can accurately predict protein structure without a template. It outperforms other folding methods and is significantly faster than physics-based modeling. Because the Protein Data Bank is limited to proteins found in nature, we needed a way to visualize new structures to make new proteins from scratch.
Q: How could the model be used to design an actual protein?
A: We can build atom-by-atom models for sequences found in nature that haven't yet been studied, as we did in the APL Bioengineering study using a different method. We can visualize the protein's structure and use other computational methods to assess its function by analyzing its stablity and the other proteins it binds to in cells. Our model could be used in drug design or to interfere with protein-mediated biochemical pathways in infectious disease.
Q: What's the benefit of translating proteins into sound?
A: Our brains are great at processing sound! In one sweep, our ears pick up all of its hierarchical features: pitch, timbre, volume, melody, rhythm, and chords. We would need a high-powered microscope to see the equivalent detail in an image, and we could never see it all at once. Sound is such an elegant way to access the information stored in a protein.
Typically, sound is made from vibrating a material, like a guitar string, and music is made by arranging sounds in hierarchical patterns. With AI we can combine these concepts, and use molecular vibrations and neural networks to construct new musical forms. We've been working on methods to turn protein structures into audible representations, and translate these representations into new materials.
Q: What can the sonification of SARS-CoV-2's "spike" protein tell us?
Q: What did you learn?
Q: Can any of this address Covid-19, and the virus that causes it?
A: In the longer term, yes. Translating proteins into sound gives scientists another tool to understand and design proteins. Even a small mutation can limit or enhance the pathogenic power of SARS-CoV-2. Through sonification, we can also compare the biochemical processes of its spike protein with previous coronaviruses, like SARS or MERS.
In the music we created, we analyzed the vibrational structure of the spike protein that infects the host. Understanding these vibrational patterns is critical for drug design and much more. Vibrations may change as temperatures warm, for example, and they may also tell us why the SARS-CoV-2 spike gravitates toward human cells more than other viruses. We're exploring these questions in current, ongoing research with my graduate students.
We might also use a compositional approach to design drugs to attack the virus. We could search for a new protein that matches the melody and rhythm of an antibody capable of binding to the spike protein, interfering with its ability to infect.
Q: How can music aid protein design?
A: You can think of music as an algorithmic reflection of structure. Bach's Goldberg Variations, for example, are a brilliant realization of counterpoint, a principle we've also found in proteins. We can now hear this concept as nature composed it, and compare it to ideas in our imagination, or use AI to speak the language of protein design and let it imagine new structures. We believe that the analysis of sound and music can help us understand the material world better. Artistic expression is, after all, just a model of the world within us and around us.
Co-authors of the study in Extreme Mechanics Letters are: Zhao Qin, Hui Sun, Eugene Lim and Benedetto Marelli at MIT; and Lingfei Wu, Siyu Huo, Tengfei Ma and Pin-Yu Chen at IBM Research. Co-author of the study in APL Bioengineering is Chi-Hua Yu. Buehler's sonification work is supported by MIT's Center for Art, Science and Technology (CAST) and the Mellon Foundation.
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地理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 824-830.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.07.824
- • 上一篇 下一篇
俞万源(), 冯亚芬, 梁锦梅
 1. 嘉应学院地理科学与旅游学院,广东 梅州 514015
 梅州市文化生态旅游研究会,广东 梅州 514021
 - 收稿日期:2012-10-14 修回日期:2013-03-16 出版日期:2013-07-20 发布日期:2013-07-20
 - 作者简介:
 - 基金资助:
Hakka Culture Tourism Development based on Tourist Satisfaction
Wan-yuan YU, Ya-fen FENG, Jin-mei LIANG
 1. 1.College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514015,China
 2. Culture and Eco-tourism Association in Meizhou, Meizhou, Guangdong 514021,China
 - Received:2012-10-14 Revised:2013-03-16 Online:2013-07-20 Published:2013-07-20
关键词: 游客满意度, 客家文化旅游, 开发策略
The Hakka culture tourism means using Hakka region's unique historical background and cultural and natural landscape to satisfy tourist cultural heritage and cultural experience tourism. Since the 21st century, the Hakka culture tourism is booming. But the Hakka culture tourism development needs theoretical guidance extremely. So it is an effective way to enhance the competitiveness of tourist attraction and tourist satisfaction measurement to understand and grasp the service needs of the tourism. In Hakka cultural tourism, as the research object, the theory of satisfaction is used to assess the evaluation of the tourist satisfaction. Studies show that: 1) The overall satisfaction degree of tourists is lower than satisfaction level. 2) There are some differences in the satisfaction between different tourist groups. 3) There are significant influence factors of satisfaction. Otherwise, the Hakka culture tourism has such problems as fuzzy image, narrow market, single product, lack characteristics, less service supervision and so on. Improving the visitors' understanding of Hakka culture, enriching Hakka culture tourism products, enhancing the cultural connotation of tourism products and optimizing the tourism environment are effective ways to enhance the satisfaction of Hakka culture tourism tourists. The article suggests: the Hakka culture tourism development should implement the image strategy, market strategy, product strategy, environment and management strategy to improve the image of the Hakka culture tourism value, the product value, environmental value and service value. Countermeasures include: 1) Strengthening the image theme, strengthening tourism promotion and image propagation, cultivating and promoting Hakka culture tourism brand image can enhance the value of Hakka culture tourism image.2) Developing non-Hakka tourist market, innovating mode of tourism marketing, widening the Hakka culture tourism marketing channels can expand the Hakka culture tourism market.3) Strengthening the characteristics and competitive products consciousness, enriching Hakka culture tourism products, improving the Hakka culture tourism product quality can improve the Hakka culture tourism products and service value.4) Strengthening the construction of infrastructure and ecological environment construction, enhancing the Hakka culture tourism environmental quality can enhance the Hakka culture tourism environment value.5) Strengthening the system construction, standardizing the trade management, establishing long-term mechanism to promote customer satisfaction can improve the Hakka culture tourism service value.
Key words: the tourists' satisfaction, Hakka cultural tourism, development strategy
 - F119.1


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- College of Sciences
Dr. Joanna Mishtal
The Medical Anthropology minor develops students' understanding of health from the perspective of human cultural and biological diversity. Current trends in education and employment show a growing need for medical anthropology knowledge and expertise in a variety of national and international career directions. This Minor therefore prepares students for future graduate studies and work in health professions, including medicine, global health, nursing, and social work.
- The minor is not open to anthropology majors.
- Students must earn a grade of "C" (2.0) or better in all courses used to satisfy the minor.
- At least 15 hours used in the minor must be earned at UCF within the Department of Anthropology.
- Only two anthropology courses can overlap for students enrolled in multiple anthropology programs (minors or certificates). (Note: The myKnight Audit cannot capture overlapping courses between two or more programs; therefore, students should have their program reviewed by the department before filing for graduation.)
- Students must satisfy each course's prerequisites before enrolling in the class.
Tuition and Fees
$212.28 per credit hour
The approximate tuition cost for one year in this program at UCF based on a full time schedule (30 credit hours per year)


handling
In view of the memory capacity and performance requirement, you should import a large file and perform data manipulation in parts. This, therefore, involves the exchange of data between internal and external memory. In an effort to achieve even higher efficiency, you'd better retrieve the file by bytes using multithreaded parallel processing. By doing so, data importing doesn't necessarily cover complete rows for each part. Thus the problem of incomplete records arises. It's difficult to amend the situation involving detail work through hardcoding, but a structured data computing layer can handle this in a simple way.
Data querying
Query a large text file according to a given time period. Here's the code:
1 =file("d:\\sales.txt").cursor@t()
2>=startDate && OrderDate<=endDate)
Open the file whose size is larger than the available memory size in the form of the cursor; then use the select function to query data and return result set as a cursor. The Java main program can access the ResultSet in the JDBC stream style.
To improve the performance, use the following parallel code:
 A B
1 4
2 fork to(A1) =file("d:\\sales.txt").cursor@t(;A2:A1)
3>=startDate && OrderDate<=endDate).fetch()
4 =A2.conj()
Set 4 parallel threads. Each will retrieve one part of the file, perform the query and return result to the main program that is responsible for concatenating the returned result sets and returning the final result to Java via JDBC. Here the select function performs the query on cursor and returns cursor too. Usually the query result set is small enough that can be retrieved into the memory with fetch function.
The cursor@z function divides the file by bytes into 4 parts, which have approximately the same sizes, and retrieves only one part. By giving up the head line and complementing the tail line, esProc is capable of ensuring that each part is retrieved with complete rows.
Data sorting
To sort a large file, open it with the cursor and use sortx function to do it. The result is still a cursor: Below is the code:
The usage of sortx function is similar to that of sort function. It is capable of performing a sort in reverse direction or by multiple fields or according to both.
Grouping and aggregation
Usually the result set of grouping and aggregation is not big, so you just need to open the large file with the cursor and then use the groups function to perform the group operation. If the result set is large, use groupx function to return it as the cursor:
To have a better performance, use the following parallel code:
 A B
1 4
2 fork to(A1) =file("/files/data/sales.txt").cursor@t(;A2:A1)
3 =B2.groups(SellerId:s,year(OrderDate):y; sum(Amount):a,count(~):c)
4 =A2.conj()
5 =A4.groups(s,y;sum(a):atotal,sum(c):ctotal)
Set the number of parallel threads as 4. Each thread retrieves one segment of the large file, performs grouping and aggregation and returns result to the main program, which concatenates all the returned result sets and performs a second grouping and aggregation.
Getting unique values
To create a client list based on sales.txt, use the following code:
1 =file("D: \\sales.txt").cursor@mt(Client)
2 =A1.(Client).groups(~)
Open the file in the form of parallel cursors and retrieve only the Client field which will be grouped in the next step. _USER_ means parallel processing. When performing group operation on the grouping field, the groups function will return a set of values of the grouping field.
Here we assume that the result set is relatively small. If the result set is sufficiently large, you can use groupx function to return it as the cursor:
Intuitive multi-step computing style
It's a common practice to use several basic algorithms in a certain order for the same task. Using hardcoding, it is easy to get bogged down in detail algorithms. What's more, you have to worry about the performance and code reuse, making it difficult to design an algorithm in a natural, top-down way of thinking. A computing layer, however, already encapsulates the basic algorithms into easy to use functions. Programmers just write an algorithm intuitively by focusing on the business logic, delivering far better development efficiency.
Here's an example. The Stock.txt file holds records of warehouse management. In one day, the stock of a product may be added or removed repeatedly. Also there may be consecutive days when no product is admitted or checked out. The initial quantity of a product is 0, and its increase is In and its decrease is Out. The task is to calculate the daily inventory for every product. Below is the source data：
date name quantity flag2014-04-01 Item1 15 In
2014-04-01 Item1 4 In
2014-04-02 Item1 3 In
2014-04-02 Item1 10 Out
2014-04-03 Item1 3 In
2014-04-04 Item1 5 Out
2014-04-07 Item1 4 In
2014-04-10 Item1 2 Out
2014-04-01 Item2 20 In
2014-04-02 Item3 30 In
2014-04-03 Item3 14 Out
The code:
 A B
1 =file("D:\\stock.txt").cursor@t()
3 =periods((,t.max(),1)
4 for A3 =A4.align(B3,date)
5 >c=0
7 =@|B5
A2 calculates the daily quantities of In and Out respectively for every product. Then get the complete list of dates according to the smallest and biggest dates and store it in B3. Next, group the data by product, loop through each group and align it with B3 to calculate the inventory of the current day. Here's the result:
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Pneumatic artificial muscles
Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are contractile or extensional devices operated by pressurized air filling a pneumatic bladder. In a vague approximation of human muscles, PAMs are usually grouped in pairs: one agonist and one antagonist.
PAMs were first developed (under the name of McKibben Artificial Muscles) in the 1950s for use in artificial limbs. The Bridgestone rubber company (Japan) commercialized the idea in the 1980s under the name of Rubbertuators.
The retraction strength of the PAM is limited by the sum total strength of individual fibers in the woven shell. The exertion distance is limited by the tightness of the weave; a very loose weave allows greater bulging, which further twists individual fibers in the weave.
Examples of complex configurations of Air Muscles are used in the Shadow Dexterous Hand developed by the Shadow Robot Company, who also sell a range of muscles for integration into other projects/systems.
PAMs are very lightweight because their main element is a thin membrane. This allows them to be directly connected to the structure they power, which is an advantage when considering the replacement of a defective muscle. If a defective muscle has to be substituted, its location will always be known and its substitution becomes easier. This is an important characteristic, since the membrane is connected to rigid endpoints, which introduces tension concentrations and therefore possible membrane ruptures.
Another advantage of PAMs is their inherent compliant behaviour: when a force is exerted on the PAM, it "gives in", without increasing the force in the actuation. This is an important feature when the PAM is used as an actuator in a robot that interacts with a human, or when delicate operations have to be carried out.
In PAMs the force is not only dependent on pressure but also on their state of inflation. This is one of the major advantages; the mathematical model that supports the PAMs functionality is a non-linear system, which makes them much easier than conventional pneumatic cylinder actuators to control precisely. The relationship between force and extension in PAMs mirrors what is seen in the length-tension relationship in biological muscle systems.
The compressibility of the gas is also an advantages since it adds compliance. As with other pneumatic systems PAM actuators usually need electric valves and a compressed air generator.
The loose-weave nature of the outer fiber shell also enables PAMs to be flexible and to mimic biological systems, If the surface fibers are very badly damaged and become unevenly distributed leaving a gap, the internal bladder may inflate through the gap and rupture. As with all pneumatic systems it is important that they are not operated when damaged.
Hydraulic operation
Although the technology is primarily pneumatically (gas) operated, there is nothing that prevents the technology from also being hydraulically (liquid) operated. Using an incompressible fluid increases system rigidity and reduces compliant behavior.
See also
|Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Robotics/Components/Actuation Devices/Air muscle|