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AU Culture platform
The AU Culture Platform is an application that allows evaluating, from a wide perspective, the impacts generated on individuals after the participation in a cultural event.
The format is an application that can be used on mobile phones or any other digital platform. It aims to become a democratic tool for evaluating the services that cultural or policy institutions can adopt through the use of an interacting platform that produces big data. The platform is designed to generate a database that allows us to understand, at an aggregated level, how the satisfaction is constructed in the participation in a cultural event, which permits us to compare between cultural events and to analyse the reactions for each specific segment of audiences. The user her/himself evaluates the cultural experience avoiding the interviewer-dominated process, while reflecting her/his real perception and experience. The users' evaluations help to gain insight into ways of improving cultural services, and experience by acquiring more knowledge about consumer behaviour. AU Culture platform, on the one hand, helps the cultural and political organizations to meet the need and the interests of their users, and on the other, it allows the individuals to express their voice and engages themselves in active cultural dynamics in the city.
Therefore, we can summarise the characteristics of AU Culture platform as follows:
- it includes a comprehensive approach in the evaluation framework, that we will explain indepth
- in the next paragraph;
- it provides quantitative data;
- there is no interviewer-dominated process in data collection;
- it is user-oriented
Figure 1 summarizes the logical architecture of AU Culture, which is articulated in three different functionalities.
1. Person. This part collects socio-demographic information, cultural interests and habits about the users. Depending on the data entered in this section, the user will be associated with one Cultotype2 rather than another. The Cultotype is a cultural profile that defines what kind of cultural consumer the user is.
2. Event. The AU Culture platform shows various events taking place in the city where the user is geolocated.
3. Evaluation. After having participated in a specific event, the user will be able to evaluate it. Finally, the user could compare its results with those of other users who have rated the same event.
With this kind of information, the app develops intelligent algorithms for recommending cultural events around the city, which will permit a better matching and efficiency in the connection between cultural supply and demand, reducing transaction costs in the cultural ecosystem.


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Desert of Maine – The Desert of Maine: A Journey Through the Sands of Time
September 8, 2020 @ 10:00 am
A ten-week homeschool course at the Desert of Maine will take students ages 9-14 on an in-depth, integrated journey through the history, geology, and ecology of this special place. The class will meet Tuesdays at the Desert of Maine in Freeport (95 Desert Road) starting September 8 – October 27th from 10 am – 12 pm.
For the first five weeks of this course, we will literally get our hands dirty digging into the history of the Desert of Maine. We will begin with the obvious question: why is there a large expanse of open sand in the middle of a New England forest? We will seek the answer to this question using real-world observations as we explore how aspects of geology, biology and agriculture came together in just the right way to create what is essentially a small dust bowl. We will learn about the Tuttles who farmed here in the 1800s—examining their methods, their cultural assumptions about the land, and some of the difficulties they faced as their fields became unfarmable. From here we will dive deep into time, looking at the geological processes that have changed Maine's coast over the last 30,000 years. This exploration of ice, ocean, and wind will provide the framework for understanding how the Desert formed and what makes this landscape so unique.
Once we have gained an understanding of what happened here, the class will turn its eyes to the future, developing hypotheses about what lies ahead for the Desert of Maine. We will conduct "forensic" analyses in the surrounding forest to think about how certain ecosystems have changed over the last hundred years; and we will look closely at the reforestation taking place on the boundaries of the dune field, paying particular attention to the tug-of-war between the forest and the sand. Of course, we humans play an active role in the future of the land that sustains us; so with that in mind, we will discuss a range of diverse cultural and philosophical ideas about the relationship between the people and the natural environment. Given this focus, we hope to have a Wabanaki speaker share their perspective.
The final three weeks will be project-based, with students synthesizing and presenting what they have learned about the Desert of Maine. Alternatively, they can use that information as the foundation for exploring specific topics in greater detail, or as the springboard to more open-ended questions. Some questions that might be interesting: what meaning can we draw from the story of this landscape? How do different ways of knowing (e.g., scientific observation; deep listening; storytelling; map making; drawing) form your understanding of the Desert of Maine? How can we best care for the land that supports us? Do environmental restoration and cultural healing go hand in hand? How will you help others understand the importance and fragility of Maine's coastal landscapes?
To enroll in the course and learn more about course fees, times, dates and location, please email _EMAIL_.
Desert of Maine
95 Desert Rd.
Freeport, ME 04032
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Support French Culture
The Cultural Services of the French Embassy promotes the best of French arts, literature, cinema, digital innovation, language, and higher education across the US, bringing artists, authors, intellectuals, and innovators to cities nationwide and building partnerships between leading French and American thinkers and institutions.
In order to offer French artists and intellectuals and the American public a platform and tools for cultural exchange, the Cultural Services relies on a robust network of individuals, corporations, and foundations that join forces with the French Embassy and its non-profit partner French-American Cultural Exchange (FACE) Foundation. These partners generously support French and American university and artist exchanges; grant programs for contemporary music, theater, dance, and visual art; bilingual education programs; and French film festivals, among other initiatives.
These philanthropic partnerships make French culture accessible to a new generation of Americans and help bring France a little closer to the US. The Embassy is extraordinarily grateful to its generous supporters and friends.
Image: President Emmanuel Macron of the Republic of France and dual language students from The Boerum Hill School at the Graduate Center, CUNY on September 20, 2017, during the inauguration of the French Dual Language Fund.


Definitions of twaddle
 1. noun
 pretentious or silly talk or writing
 synonyms: baloney, bilgewater, boloney, bosh, drool, humbug, taradiddle, tarradiddle, tommyrot, tosh
 see moresee less
 type of:
 bunk, hokum, meaninglessness, nonsense, nonsensicality
 a message that seems to convey no meaning
 2. verb
 speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly
Word Family


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All-Russia Exhibition 1896
The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod was held from May 28 (June 9) till October 1 (13), 1896. The 1896 exhibition was the biggest pre-revolution exhibition in Russian Empire and was organized with the money allotted by Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia. The All-Russia industrial conference was held together with the exhibition. The exhibition demonstrated the best achievements of the industrial development in Russia that began in the latter part of the 19th century:
- the world's first radio receiver (thunderstorm register) designed by Alexander Stepanovich Popov;
- the first Russian automobile designed by Evgeniy Yakovlev and Pyotr Freze;
- the world's first hyperboloid steel tower-shell and the world's first steel lattice hanging and arch-like overhead covers-shells (8 exhibition pavilions with the total area of more than 25 thousand square meters, including the unique rotunda of Vladimir Shukhov (Russian Empire patents №№ 1894, 1895, 1896 dated March 12, 1899);
- many other technical inventions, technologies and artistic achievements.
Savva Mamontov, who at the time was interested in building a railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk, decided to open a Far North pavilion. He asked Konstantin Korovin, one of the most notable Russian artists at the time, to design the pavilion. In addition, he sponsored a number of trips for Korovin and other Russian artists, so that they could familiarize themselves with the topic. Korovin designed the pavilion and in addition painted ten big canvasses for the pavilion as well, depicting various aspects of Northern and Arctic lifestyle. After the closure of the Exhibition, the canvasses were eventually placed in the Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal in Moscow. In the 1960s, they were restored and transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery.
The suburb of Kanavino, on the left bank of Oka River, was chosen as the place for the exhibition. It occupied the territory of around 84 hectares within a few hundreds meters southwest of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Nearly 70 buildings and constructions were built in Nizhny Novgorod and at the exhibition with the money allotted by the Nicholas II Emperor of Russia. Also, more than 120 pavilions of private companies were built on the territory of the exhibition.
See also
- The world's first Hyperboloid structure
- Shukhov Rotunda
- Tensile architecture
- Steel lattice shell structure
- Expo (exhibition)
- Photos of Shukhov's Towers
- Rotonda of the Panrussian Exposition (1896) at Structurae
- "The Nijni-Novgorod exhibition: Water tower, room under construction, springing of 91 feet span", "The Engineer", № 19.3.1897, P.292-294, London, 1897.
- William Craft Brumfield, "The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture", University of California Press, 1991, ISBN 0-520-06929-3.
- Rainer Graefe, Jos Tomlow, "Vladimir G. Suchov _PHONE_. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.", 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9.
Rotunda by V.Shukhov, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
Shukhov Rotunda and rectangular pavilion, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
Oval pavilion by V.Shukhov, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: All-Russia Exhibition 1896|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Thursday, January 19, 2012
Creating a Spring _USER_ Annotation
Spring Formatters and Converters make it easy to annotate fields for conversion from Objects to Strings, and are especially useful in web apps. But there is no easy or straightforward way to strictly validate the String before parsing into an object, without creating a custom Formatter. Here is a reusable solution that uses a RegexParserDecorator to decorate any Spring Formatter to apply a regex pattern, in turn creating a _USER_ annotation as an example implementation.
A little background: Spring 3.0 brought the Converter and Formatter framework with a concise _USER_ annotation, simplifying the Date to Object conversion that previously took custom binders or other wiring code. With _USER_ you can easily supply a String pattern used to parse and print a Date (or joda DateTime) object. However, the annotation does not strictly validate the String before converting to a Date. For instance, supplying a MM/dd/yyyy pattern does NOT enforce a 4 digit year. Instead a 2 digit year will be accepted and parsed using the SimpleDateFormat rules. Similar loose checking goes for 1 digit days and months, and also the slash character used as a separator. It would be easy to just throw the _USER_ tag onto your Date field except that _USER_ is only allowed on String fields. Combining _USER_ and _USER_ is what drove the creation of _USER_:
//sample usage using defaults for regex and pattern
private DateTime birthday;
Read more below for a discussion and snippets of code, and the entire codeset with comments is available on github.
The RegexParserDecorator: The first step is to create a Regex Parser class that will apply a regex pattern to validate a String for us. Creating this as a Decorator gives the added benefit that you can easily wrap any Spring Formatter to apply Regex patterns. The constructor takes a Parser to wrap and a regex to apply; and the parse method first validates against the regex before passing onto the decorated Parser:
public RegexParserDecorator(Parser parser, String regex) {
 this.parser = parser;
 this.regexPattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
public T parse(String text, Locale locale) throws ParseException {
 if (!regexPattern.matcher(text).matches()) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Text does not match regex: " + text);
 return parser.parse(text, locale);
The _USER_ Annotation: Next step is to setup the annotation interface class. It is very similar to DateTimeFormat but adds the field to hold a regex. The default regex allows 1 or 2 digit days and months, requires a forward slash as the separator, and enforces a 4 digit year. This can be easily overriden when applying the annotation to a field by supplying your own (regex="", pattern="") extension. A pattern is still required so make sure your pattern and regex are paired appropriately.
_USER_({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
public _USER_ StrictDateTimeFormat {
 public static final String REGEX_DEFAULT = "^(0?[1-9]|1[012])/(0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])/dddd$";
 public static final String PATTERN_DEFAULT = "MM/dd/yyyy";
 String regex() default REGEX_DEFAULT;
 String pattern() default PATTERN_DEFAULT;
Spring then requires a StrictDateTimeFormatAnnotationFormatterFactory to wire the annotation with the parser. Nothing fancy here as it borrows heavily upon Spring's own JodaDateTimeFormatAnnotationFormatterFactory. The getParser method applies our regex to the DateTimeFormat functionality:
public class StrictDateTimeFormatAnnotationFormatterFactory implements
 AnnotationFormatterFactory {
 public Parser getParser(StrictDateTimeFormat annotation, Class fieldType) {
 DateTimeParser parser = new DateTimeParser(forPattern(annotation.pattern()));
 return new RegexParserDecorator(parser, annotation.regex());
 private DateTimeFormatter forPattern(String pattern) {
 return org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat.forPattern(pattern);
Hooking it all together: Here is the snippet from my applicationConfig.xml showing how the annotation is registered into Spring:

Hopefully this information is helpful in creating a reusable regex validating DateTime formatter for use in your own web application.
 Originally published by me on the Object Partners blog:
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Statement of a problem № 41078
The surface tension of a liquid can be determined by measuring the force F needed to just lift a circular platinum ring of radius r from the surface of the liquid. (a) Find a formula for y in terms of F and r. (b) At 30o C, if F = 8.40 x 10-3N and r = 2.8 cm. calculate y for the tested liquid.
New search. (Also 5349 free access solutions)


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Joyful: The Surprising Power of Ordinary Things to Create Extraordinary Happiness
By: Ingrid Fetell Lee
'Have you ever wondered why we stop to watch the orange glow that arrives before sunset, or why we flock to see cherry blossoms bloom in spring? Is there a reason that people— regardless of gender, age, culture, or ethnicity— are mesmerized by baby animals, and can't help but smile when they see a burst of confetti or a cluster of colorful balloons? We are often made to feel that the physical world has little or no impact on our inner joy. Increasingly, experts urge us to find balance and calm by looking inward— through mindfulness or meditation— and muting the outside world. But what if the natural vibrancy of our surroundings is actually our most renewable and easily accessible source of joy? In Joyful, designer Ingrid Fetell Lee explores how the seemingly mundane spaces and objects we interact with every day have surprising and powerful effects on our mood. Drawing on insights from neuroscience and psychology, she explains why one setting makes us feel anxious or competitive, while another fosters acceptance and delight— and, most importantly, she reveals how we can harness the power of our surroundings to live fuller, healthier, and truly joyful lives.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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CMMS for Church Maintenance
July 2, 2020 jill Blog
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By Heather Wilkerson
When maintaining a church, it is important to be organized. A Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) can be a very useful tool to help with this. Many think that this type of computer software is strictly for manufacturing plants, but that could not be further from the truth. Here are just a few ways a CMMS can be beneficial to your church.
Work Orders
Many times, when repair work is needed within a church, it is written down on a piece of paper or in an Excel spreadsheet, which can easily be lost or deleted. A CMMS allows users to enter work requests and work orders into the software itself, making it impossible to misplace them. For example, when the church vacuum needs to be repaired, instead of verbally asking a volunteer or handing them a sheet of paper, the work order can be entered into the CMMS and assigned to the correct volunteer. This can also help with getting new volunteers, since scheduling work allows people to see if more volunteers are needed or not to get everything done.
Scheduling Repairs
Since the majority of the people doing repairs within a church are volunteers, it can be difficult to track what needs done, who can do it, and when. This results in much needed repairs going uncompleted. CMMS software enables users to schedule needed repairs. Volunteers can also be assigned to the repairs and can configure the system so they receive an email notifying them when a repair is assigned to them.
Preventive maintenance tasks can also easily be scheduled in a CMMS. A preventive maintenance task is basically when certain things on a piece of equipment or location are checked or repaired on a regular basis so the asset does not break down.
Historical Data
CMMS software programs automatically keep historical data on locations and pieces of equipment, which can be very useful later on. This data can be gathered and used to make important decisions on repairs vs buying new. For example, if the outdoor sprinkler system keeps acting up, historical data can show the lifetime repair costs of the system. From there, church officials can decide whether it is less costly to keep repairing it or purchase a new system. Without the historical data, this would be quite difficult to determine.
Inventory Tracking
One of the most useful components of a CMMS is inventory tracking. Keeping close track of inventory items not only helps ensure items are on-hand at all times, but it also helps workers locate items quickly. For example, if a particular tool is needed to complete maintenance on a church vehicle, people can go into the CMMS, lookup the tool, and know exactly where it is. This helps cut down the time spent doing repairs, so more things can be completed.
In addition, knowing what tools and parts are on-hand prevents buying duplicates, which can save the facility money. Some CMMS systems also have automatic reordering, which means whenever an item gets below a certain number, a purchase request is automatically created for that item.
The ability to run reports within a CMMS is another excellent reason for a church to have one. Reports can show volunteers things like which work orders have been completed, which have not been, repair costs over a certain time period, and many other things. This data helps volunteers within the church stay organized and on top of repairs.
Along with the above listed advantages, having a mobile application version of a CMMS makes things even easier. Workers can take photos and attach them to work orders, right from their smartphone or tablet. Work orders can also be completed on mobile devices right after the work is done. Attachments, such as images and manuals, can also be viewed on mobile devices, which can really help get repairs done in a more timely fashion.
Churches all across the country can benefit from having a CMMS in place. This software can help track inventory, schedule repairs, and run valuable reports, among other things.
Heather Wilkerson is marketing coordinator for Mapcon Technologies, which has been creating maintenance management software since 1982. MAPCON software is used in industry and facilities worldwide,
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& Meaning •
Meaning and etymology of the name Ammihud
There are four men named Ammihud in the Bible: The father of Elishama of Ephraim (Numbers 1:10), the father of Samuel of Simeon (Numbers 34:20), the father of Pedahel of Naphtali (Numbers 34:28), a son of Omri and the father of Uthai who returned to Jerusalem after the exile (1 Chronicles 9:4).
Most sources also list the father of Talmai, king of Geshur (2 Samuel 13:37) among the men named Ammihud, but his name is (Ammihur). The difference between the two names is in the element after the Ammi-part. This element consists of three letters and two out of three are different. Ammihud and Ammihur are really very different names.
The name Ammihud consists of two elements:
2) There are two ways to go about the second part of the name Ammihud:
Alfred Jones (Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names) inclines towards the verb (yada) meaning to confess, praise, give thanks, and which also gave us the name Judah. But instead of translating Ammihud with People Of Praise or My Kinsman Praises, Jones reads One Of The People Of Judah. Since three out of four Ammihuds in the Bible are typically not of Judah, this rendering seems a bit out of kilter.
Jones' approach would make the name Ammihud kindred to the names
BDB Theological Dictionary and the learned body that produced the NOBS Study Bible Name List see relations with the noun (hod), meaning splendor or majesty. This noun occurs frequently in the Bible, from the authority or majesty of the king (Jeremiah 22:18) or a prophet such as Moses (Numbers 27:20), to the divine splendor of God (Psalm 104:1), and the splendor of Israel due to the blessings of God (Hosea 14:7 - his beauty will be like the olive tree).
Hence NOBS Study Bible Name List reads My Kinsman Is Glorious and BDB Theological Dictionary reads My Kinsman Is Majesty.
Related names are
Other names that contain the word am are
-Look for baby names
-Augment your Hebrew language study
-Deepen your knowledge of the Bible
-Enrich your cruise to or travel holiday in Israel


FBAA Code of Ethical Conduct
 1. This Code of Ethical Conduct (Code) applies to Members of the Federation of Bloodstock Agents Australia (FBAA).
 2. The purpose of this Code is to specify enforceable rules and standards of ethical conduct for Members of the FBAA.
 3. The Code includes ethical business practices and specific industry requirements. It should be interpreted broadly, rather than by narrow and strict interpretation.
 4. The objects of this Code are to ensure that:
 (a) Members meet a high standard of integrity and transparency;
 (b) the interests of the Principal are protected when using the services of a Member; (c) the standing of the FBAA represents best practice in thoroughbred transactions.
 5. The Code is developed in consultation with stakeholders. The Code is reviewed annually to ensure it remains effective and current. Provisions of this Code of Conduct may be amended from time to time as specific industry expectations and business practices change, by majority agreement of the Members. Amendments shall have effect from the date on which the FBAA Members Agreement is signed by Members.
 6. Members should inform clients of the Code (in a manner reasonable for the circumstances, such as on Member's website) and their right to report a breach of the Code to the FBAA.
 1. In this Code of Conduct the following terms have the meaning assigned to them:
 'Associate Member' means a specific company with a representative invited to attend certain FBAA meetings on occasion.
 'Bill of Sale' means a written statement attesting to the sale of Bloodstock to a buyer dated and signed by both the buyer and the seller or a designated representative thereof.
 'Bloodstock' means all or any interest in a thoroughbred, stallion share or stallion nomination. 'Member' means any bloodstock agent who is an official Member of the Federation of Bloodstock Agents Australia, it also includes the company and its employees.
 'Principal' means a person or entity who, either formally or informally, appoints a Bloodstock Agent to represent and or advise them in the sale or purchase of bloodstock, stallion share or nomination as in the definition above.
 'Principal Racing Authority' means the body that supervises and controls thoroughbred racing in each Country, State and/or Territory.
 'Rules of Racing' means the Australian Rules of Racing approved by the Australian Racing Board to ensure thoroughbred horse racing in all States and Territories of Australia is conducted according to the same general practices, conditions and integrity. It also means the rules that are issued by Principal Racing Authorities specific to each State and Territory.
 1. FBAA Members must not engage in:
 (a) illegal or unlawful conduct;
 (b) professional misconduct;
 (c) unsatisfactory professional conduct2 of the standard and diligence that a member of the public is entitled to expect of a Member; or
 (d) would bring the integrity of the bloodstock industry into disrepute.
 2. Members must disclose any transaction commission, rebate or payment, received or shared with third parties, to the Principal.
 3. When a member is in receipt of commission from a seller (including any stud in relation to the sale of a stallion nomimation) they must disclose to the seller and Principal if that commission is split with a third party and the amount of the split.
 4. Members must at all times act in accordance with the best interests of their Principal. This means that Members must:
 (a) not communicate any false or misleading information to anyone that may impact the value or perception of a horse they know to be under the Principal's consideration and
(b) relay to their Principal any offer in its entirety that they receive to purchase a horse in respect of which they are acting as a selling Agent for the Principal.
Conflicts of Interest
 1. Members must not place themselves in a position where:
 (a) their personal interests conflict with the obligations that they owe to a Principal; or
 (b) the obligations that they owe to one Principal conflict with the obligations that they owe to another Principal;
 unless prior consent is obtained after full disclosure has been made to the Principal.
 2. Members must minimise the potential adverse impact of conflict of interest by disclosing business interests to the Principal. Specific disclosure includes, but is not limited to:
 (a) bloodstock in respect of which they are acting as an Agent for: (i) themselves;
 (ii) any Member of their immediate family;
 (iii) their company or any Member of their company; or
 (iv) an entity in which they have an ownership interest (other than a listed public company).
 (b) third parties with whom they have a retainer; or
 (c) third parties with whom they engage in regular dealings; or
 (c) where they are or should reasonably be aware they will or are likely to benefit,
 this requires ethical judgement to be made by the Member as to whether a real or perceived conflict of interest may adversely arise.
 3. Regarding bloodstock advice to a Principal, Members must not: (a) knowingly make any statement that is false or misleading; or
 (b) engage in any conduct, or enter into any arrangement, that is intended to falsely alter the price at which it is sold, or which is likely to have that effect.
 1. Members must take reasonable action to ensure they have sufficient understanding of the rules governing racing and other knowledge to properly undertake their business activities.
 2. Members must only undertake work in which they are competent and maintain competency in their work through continuing professional development.
Fair Trading
Members must compete fairly in the market and not attempt to displace or compete with another member by any improper or unfair means.
 1. Members must ensure that where they act for a Principal the terms of their engagement are disclosed in written or verbal form unless the Principal verbally waives
 such requirement as time does not allow for it.
 2. Members must complete a written Bill of Sale for all private transations which is dated and signed by both the buyer and the seller or a designated representative
 thereof. The completed and signed Bill of Sale must be provided by the Member to the Principal in a timely manner.
 1. When acting for a Principal, Members must preserve the confidentially of the Principal's information and any information as to the existence of a Bloodstock
 transaction or negotiations in connection with it; and all information (in whatever form) contained in any discussions, reports, papers or analyses relating to the
 Bloodstock transaction.
 2. Confidential information relating to the Principal or the Bloodstock transaction must only be disclosed as authorised by the client or with the Principal's consent, or as
 required by law, or any relevant Rules of Racing.
 1. When a Member knows of illegal Bloodstock conduct they are obliged to report it to an appropriate Principal Racing Authority, in accordance with the law, where
 their disclosure is protected by law.
 2. Collectively, Members are responsible for upholding the standards of the Association and should report breaches of the Code to the FBAA Complaints Advisory
 1. Breaches of the Code will be dealt with through the FBAA Conduct Review and Disciplinary System. It is intended that the system is accessible, independent, reasonable, fair, effective and accountable. A breach of the Code includes non-compliance with the Code's rules and guidelines, illegal or unlawful conduct, unsatisfactory professional conduct and professional misconduct not specified in the Code.
 2. A complaint about bloodstock industry misconduct that does not involve a Member can be made to the FBAA Complaints Advisory Panel, who will direct it to the appropriate Principal Racing Authority.
 Complaints Advisory Panel
 3. If any Principal or Principal's representative who has sold or purchased bloodstock (complainant) considers that a Member involved in the sale or purchase (respondent) has failed to comply with this Code, the complainant may make application to the Complaints Advisory Panel (the Panel) for assistance to resolve the dispute.
 4. The Panel will comprise three persons who have the following qualifications:
 (1) an experienced legal practitioner, who will chair the Panel;
 (2) the appointed President of the FBAA;
 (3) an independent person held in high esteem and character in the thoroughbred industry, with significant relevant experience and high business integrity.
 5. Advisory Panelists 27.(1) and (3) will be appointed by Member poll, from a shortlist of eligible and willing persons collated by the President after consultation with Members, within two [2] weeks of a vacancy coming available.
 6. The Complaints Advisory Panel will be reviewed annually to ensure Panelists are eligible and willing persons for the role.
 7. If a Panelist has a conflict of interest with the complainant or respondent, they will be replaced for this complaint report;
 (a) Panelist 27.(1) will be replaced by a different person who fits the criteria of 27.(1);
 (b) Panelist 27.(2) and 27.(3) will be replaced by a different person who fits the criteria of 27 (3);
 as agreed by the two remaining panelists.
 8. A complaint report may be filed using the online form or in person to a Member of the Panel.
 9. If the Panel receives a complaint it will:
 (a) disclose the complaint report to the respondent within five [5] days;
 (b)


text:
Women and the US Naval Observatory
There are several women who have contributed significantly to science, particularly to the astronomical society. Their continuous efforts, bravery, and support have been and are still celebrated to this day in the scientific community. The following women have made significant contributions to the field of science as a whole.
There are several obstacles that these women had to overcome, one of which was gender discrimination. Unfortunately, this is still an obstacle that many women face in their professional careers, not just in science but throughout many fields. It has been said that there were significant salary differences between men and women during earlier years but documentation supporting these claims is difficult to find and its accuracy is difficult to prove. The purpose of these studies are to find out if there is truly discrimination towards women that results in a lower salary and how, if it exists, can it be proven.
The following are prominent women who have worked in the Naval Observatory and devoted their lives to scientific discovery.
Isabel Martin Lewis – Isabel Martin Lewis was originally from Maine. She obtained her B.A. in 1903 and her M.A. in 1905. She was the first woman to be hired as an assistant astronomer at the U.S. Naval Observatory.
Alice Mabel Gray – Alice was born in Chicago in 1881. She was a natural leader and non-violent rebel. She was considered socially awkward and was even sometimes mocked for her appearance. She disagreed with mainstream society's view of women and sought to change it through her diligent pursuit of a career in science.
Other famous women in astronomy include Eleanor Annie Lamson, Hanna Mace Hedrick, Lucy Talbot Shipman, Elizabeth Brown Davis, Vera Marie Gushee, Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall, and Catherine DeMille Lewis, and others.


Norway is a beautiful country with a long and interesting history. But in addition to its interesting history and reputation for being friendly, active, and spectacularly beautiful, Norway has some distinctively odd characteristics and traditions. Here are five intriguing, strange facts about Norway.
1. It is illegal to die in Longyearbyen
Longyearbyen; the largest city on Spitsbergen, the largest island on Norway's Svalbard archipelago; has banned death. If someone falls terminally ill on the islands, he or she will be sent elsewhere to die. This may sound heartless, but it's for good reason – the Svalbard archipelago is far north in the Arctic Circle, and experiences frost all year round. As a result, bodies buried there won't decompose. This means that residents can't bury anyone here. If someone dies on Longyearbyen without warning, their final resting place will be elsewhere.
2. The Norwegian King's Guard features a king penguin
Sir Nils Olav has been the Norwegian King's Guard's mascot since the 1960s. When Lieutenant Nils Egelien visited the Edinburgh Zoo in Scotland he found himself drawn to the penguins there. Shortly afterward, he arranged for the King's Guard to adopt a king penguin. Nils Olav I started as a lance corporal and earned a promotion each time the King's Guard visited Scotland. After Nils Olav I died in the late '80s, another penguin took his place, name, and rank. In 2008, Nils Olav II was knighted. The current holder is Nils Olav III.
3. A Norwegian invented the cheese slicer
Thor Bjorklund invented the cheese slicer in the 1920s after getting frustrated with attempting to make neat slices of cheese with a regular knife. Bjorklund was a carpenter, and he drew inspiration for his cheese-slicer design from his woodworking tools. When his standard knife didn't work, he tried out different tools in his workshop. When his wood planer worked well, he drafted the tool many use today. His cheese slicer was easy to use and worked for many different kinds of cheeses, and as a result, little of the original design has changed. If you've ever used this nifty device, thank Norway!
4. Ikea beds, wardrobes, and hall furniture are named after places in Norway
Yes, Ikea is a Swedish company, but it still has a fondness for its Scandinavian cousins. The company's founder, Ingvar Kamprad, is dyslexic. When he was coming up with names for his company's furniture, he found that naming them after existing words and places made them easier for him to identify and, as a result, Ikea beds, wardrobes, and hall furniture are all named after places in Norway. But Norway isn't the only country Kamprad used for inspiration: Ikea sofas, coffee tables, media storage cabinets, and bookshelves are named after places in Sweden; dining tables and chairs are named after places in Finland; and its carpets are named after places in Denmark. Other Ikea products are named after everything from berries to birds.
5. Norway rocks the Winter Olympics
In many ways, Norway's victories at the Winter Olympics are hardly a surprise. After all, the country receives a huge amount of snowfall and has a long winter season. Norwegians also have a unique bond with nature, known as 'friluftsliv'. However, the degree to which Norwegians dominate cold-weather sports is still astonishing. Norway is the unquestionable champion of the Winter Olympics, having won over 329 gold, silver, and bronze medals over the history of the Olympics. Furthermore, Norway has won the most number of gold medals over the history of the Olympics, with 118 gold medals. The US comes in second, with a total of 96 gold medals. Suffice to say, Norwegians rock the Winter Olympic events.
Want to learn more about Norway and its peculiar history and traditions? Head out on a voyage of coastal Norway with Hurtigruten.
Hurtigruten's Classic Coastal Voyages
One Hurtigruten journey will provide a thousand experiences. Sons of Norway members receive a 5% discount off the voyage fares for the Classic Coastal Voyages shown below, with daily departures in 2017 and 2018.
* Prices are per person, based on double occupancy, in an inside cabin, in USD, and valid for new retail bookings only. Offer is capacity controlled, and is subject to withdrawal at any time without notice. This discount can be combined with other offers such as our 1893 Ambassador's loyalty program discount of 5% for guests who have traveled with Hurtigruten before.
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(mih-nest-ROE-nay) - Means "big soup." It is a thick vegetable soup that generally contains pasta.
A thick soup mad with a large variety of vegetables, usually including greens..
soup made with a variety of vegetables
A thick Italian soup containing a mixture of vegetables and pasta or rice.
vegetable soup with pasta or rice
a thick soup of Italian origin containing assorted vegetables, peas and beans, pasta (such as vermicelli or macaroni) and herbs in a meat or vegetable broth.
a very hearty, mixed vegetable soup, subject to enormous variation. From minestrare (to administer), probably because this was the only dish served at the meal. Note that it is redundant to say "minestrone soup".
a minestra with pasta.
a thick Italian vegetable soup usually containing pasta along with peas or beans and sometimes other vegetables.
Minestrone (< Italian minestra'soup' + -one (augmentative suffix)) is name for a variety of thick Italian soups made with vegetables, often with the addition of pasta or rice. Common ingredients include beans, onions, celery, carrots, stock, and tomatoes.


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Geostationary satelites are essentially for ever. This is becoming a problem since there are a limited number of places you want to put a geostationary satelite and most of them are full. Any collisions/explosions in geostationary mean debris will also stay there for a long long time.
For low earth orbit satelites it depends on their shape, altitude and the space weather.
The worst case is a large object in low orbit with large solar panels and hence a lot of drag. The ISS loses 90m/day and must be constantly boosted as the orbit gets lower the drag is worse and the falling accelerates - when first launched the ISS would lose 500m/day at it's lower orbit. The minimum safe orbit is around 150km, anything that falls to this level will quickly succumb to atmospheric drag
edit: Hubble is at an orbit of around 600km, with no more service missions after the end of the Space Shuttle it will renter in between 10 and 20years, ie 2020-2030


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Where is Britain Going? (Routledge Revivals)
By Leon Trotsky
Routledge – 1926 – 178 pages
Series: Routledge Revivals
First Published in 1926, Where is Britain Going? focuses on the historical factors and circumstances which were to define Britain's development in the midst of social unrest at that time. The book considers the future of Britain in an age when the working classes were being driven into confrontation with the state under the impact of the world crisis of capitalism. Writing over eighty years ago, Trotsky concentrates on the decline of British imperialism in his analysis of the Bolshevik Revolution. In a brilliant polemic that exposes all the treachery of the Labour leaders in the year before the General strike, he recalls the revolutionary traditions of the working class and draws on the historical lessons of the English Civil War and Chartism. Rejecting the parliamentary road and stripping bare the pretensions of Fabian socialism, Where is Britain going? outlines perspectives of revolution which continue to retain their validity.
1. Introduction 2. Preface 3. The decline of Britain 4. Mr. Baldwin and…Gradualness 5. Certain "Peculiarities" of British Labour Leaders 6. The Fabian "Theory" of Socialism 7. The Question of Revolutionary Force 8. Two Traditions: The Seventeenth-Century Revolution and Charitism 9. Trade Unions and Bolshevism 10. Perspectives


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Lesson PlansBack to lesson plans archive August 8, 2013
The Great Gatsby curve – Lesson Plan
By Katie Gould, Teacher Resource Producer for NewsHour Extra
Economics, Government, Social Issues
One hour and 30 minutes
If students have not read or seen "The Great Gatsby" have them find an online plot overview of the novel so they will have context for the lesson. For example Spark Notes has a good plot overview available in both written and video form:
Warm up activity
In this activity students will authentically experience how having (or not having) resources contributes to their ability to produce materials that are in demand and as well as sustain themselves as a society through a resource simulation.
Materials needed for warm up activity
- 3 pens (or pencils)
- 3 pairs of scissors
- 1 glue stick or bottle of glue
- 20 paper clips
- paper ruler (provided)
- patterned paper (on pdf) – 2 stripe sheets, 2 wood sheets, 2 wave sheets, 2 white sheets, 1 polka-dot sheet
- 4 large manila envelopes
- Print off the envelope pages, fill the envelopes with the following items (see instruction for each group on envelope pages), and staple a copy of items list onto a manila envelope. (Example here)
- Divide the students into four groups (of four or five). *Note, if you have enough students to fill 8 groups simply divide the class in half and create two separate simulation groups (you will need to double the number of envelopes and materials as well.)
- Explain to the class that each group will be getting a different set of resources but to win you will have to complete the s tasks of creating "food", "minerals", "education" and "shelter" in the shortest amount of time. Each item they must make with their materials is an important part of basic human needs as well as some items that contribute to a successful economy.
- Students will have 25 minutes to complete their items
- Students may trade with each other to get the materials they don't have but need to complete the task.
- Students may only use the materials from their envelope and will be disqualified for using other materials not directly from the envelope.
- Students caught stealing will be sent to "jail" and their team will have to work without their help for five minutes.
- Items will be measured by the teacher with a ruler and they must be exactly the size required in the directions.
After the students have accomplished the task and a winner is declared, debrief them by asking them the questions below
- Discuss what happened in their groups, and in the class as a whole.
- How did the amount of your resources affect your ability to complete your task?
- How does a person's financial resource situation affect their ability to lead their lives?
- What did you learn from the simulation?
In this part of the lesson student will gain an understanding economic inequality in the United States and other countries. They will be given a glossary to scaffold their understanding of economic terms, view a short video on economic inequality, and read an article about the new economic concept "The Great Gatsby Curve". Questions for each section can be found on the questions and responses sheet.
Materials needed for main activity
- Computer, internet access, and a projector or SmartBoard
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" glossary
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" questions and responses sheet
- Washington Post article
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" repurposed article
- Infographic from the White House
- Pass out "The Great Gatsby Curve" glossary for students to use throughout the lesson.
- On the "The Great Gatsby Curve" questions and responses sheet have students respond individually to the following questions:
- Do you believe that there is financial inequality in the United States? Why or why not?
- Why do you think that there are certain people who have not been able to become rich? How can someone become wealthy?
- Play the first 1:40 from the "The Great Gatsby" trailer and have students watch to re-familiarize themselves with the story
- Explain to the students that they are now going to see one perspective on "Wealth Inequality in America". Let them know to expect that this film supports the belief that things are not equal between the poor, the middle class and the wealthy, and that this is not the only perspective. However, the facts in the video have been checked and are supported by research done at the Washington Post. Pass the Washington Post article out to students so they can use it later to assess and support the validity of the video.
- Play the animated short film "Wealth Inequality in America", stopping when appropriate to answer questions. Ask students to write down anything that surprised them while they are watching the video.
- First have them write down their own answer on the questions and responses sheet, then discuss with the class what they thought about the videoDid it seem true? What surprised you? Did your answers from the questions before change after watching the video?
- Now pass out the repurposed article, "The Great Gatsby Curve" and read together using the glossary to promote understanding of the economic vocabulary. An infographic that may be helpful for understanding is from the White House's website.
- Discuss the article with students and then have them answer the following questions about the article on their questions and response sheet:
- Is having an economic system with inequality a good thing that reflects the hard work, skills and ambition of some, and the laziness, and lack of desire to be successful in others?
- Does inequality limit opportunities for the poor to create a better future for their children, and place unfair barriers to success on them regardless of their talent?
- For homework as the students to write an essay answering the following question found on their questions and response sheet:
- In your own words explain the "Great Gatsby Curve" and why it may play a key role in our understanding of how the American economic system works? Make sure to include an explanation of the graph, use terminology from the Glossary, and provide specific examples from the article. Please write or type on a separate sheet of paper.
Special thanks to Brian Dunnell for sharing his "Resource" simulation that has been adapted for this lesson.
The Materials You Need
Tooltip of materials
Common Core Standards
Tooltip of standarts
Relevant National Standards:
- CCSS.Math.Content.8.SP.A.1 Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
- CCSS.Math.Content.8.SP.A.2 Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line.
- CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-ID.C.9 Distinguish between correlation and causation.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.1 Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.3 Analyze the interactions between individuals, events, and ideas in a text (e.g., how ideas influence individuals or events, or how individuals influence ideas or events).
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.8 Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.1 Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.7 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different mediums (e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.4


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From Liquipedia Starcraft 2 Wiki
Game Balance is a concept in game design describing the fairness and balance of power in a game between multiple strategic options.
 Game Balance In General
- Overpowered (often abbreviated to OP) - a unit or ability that is the best choice in a disproportionate number of situations (marginalising other choices) and/or excessively hard to counter by the opponent compared to the effort required to use it. For example, the 1 supply/2 armor/15hp regen Roach from early Beta was overpowered in many ZvT and ZvP scenarios.
- Gimps - a unit or ability that isn't viable to use in most situations. E.g. many considered the Scout from StarCraft 1 to be a gimp. This term is not frequently used in the SC community.
- Nerf - Making a strategy or unit weaker. For example, the Roach was nerfed when its supply count was increased from 1 to 2 in patch 12.
- Buff - Making a strategy or unit stronger. For example, the Roach was buffed when its range was increased by 1 in patch 1.1.2.
 Balance vs. Fairness
- Myth: If a player wins 50% of the time when playing against an equally skilled player, the game is balanced.
- Gimps and OP units don't necessarily affect the probability of victory. Consider a game similar to rock-paper-scissors that has one more option "pinky" which always loses when used. The game rock-paper-scissors-pinky is imbalanced because it has a "gimp". No player would ever use the "pinky". Rock-paper-scissors-pinky is a fair game but its units aren't well balanced.
- Myth: In an imbalanced game with players of exactly equal skill - one player will win more often when they choose the strategic path that is overpowered.
- For example take rock-paper-scissors-wand where wand beats rock and paper. Paper becomes a gimp because wand is superior in every scenario. Wand and scissors are OP (they win in 2 situations instead of 1). The resulting game is just rock-wand-scissors. Using wand as opposed to rock (which isn't OP) doesn't improve the chances of winning because it can be just as easily countered (by scissors).
- Myth: In a perfectly balanced game, players will make their strategic choices based on factors such as their personal preferences, playing strengths, or playing styles rather than on an inherent advantage in one option.
- In any strategic game, all choices should focus on strategic viability. If more than one viable option exists, only then should preference or style weigh in.
 Implications of Imbalance
In competitive gaming, overpowered strategies quickly become prevalent once discovered. Although the game may still be fair, it would become predictable and monotonous. This may leave a portion of the game content unplayed and therefore a waste of time for the players and developers as well.
 Challenges of Balancing
The evolution of strategy in a game over time makes it difficult to determine which strategic paths are inherently more powerful due to design flaws. Players may perform strategies that are considered unfairly powerful until other strategies are discovered that counter them or are considered even more powerful. Due to this fact, some people believe inherent game imbalances do not exist because they believe new strategies will always be discovered that provide counters or are more powerful than the existing ones. On the other hand, people may constantly think inherent game imbalances do exist because they do not believe other strategies will be discovered that provide counters or are more powerful than the current ones.
Some people believe that, regardless of design, discovering and utilizing the more powerful strategic paths are part of the skill in mastering a game. Therefore, they believe imbalances cannot exist because players who use strategies that are weaker, regardless of the reason, would be considered less skilled. Conversely, players who use the inherently stronger strategic paths, what people may believe to be the imbalanced strategies, would be considered the highly skilled players.
Some people believe imbalances cannot be determined, let alone fixed, until every single strategy in a game has been discovered and tested.
 Balance in StarCraft 2
 Parameters pertaining to balance in StarCraft II
- A race or strategy may be favored in a certain match-up on certain maps. For example maps with choke points favor ranged units and maps with cliffs near mineral lines favor drops.
- A spawning position may be favored over another. E.g. the map Scrap Station has different distances between the ramp and the spawn position. This can be critical in ZvZ early game as analyzed in this TL thread.
- Units and abilities - certain units and abilities may be gimps or OP.
- Tech trees - certain tech paths can ease transitions from one strategy to another.
Any change in one of these parameters may affect others. This is part of the complexity of balancing StarCraft II.


It Would Take Way More Seagulls To Lift James' Peach
The children's author, Roald Dahl's most famous stories may strain belief, certainly, though some of us are hoping to find a golden ticket in a bar of chocolate someday. But in his book, "James and the Giant Peach," Dahl came up with a mostly plausible way to move a giant piece of stone fruit: A flock of 501 seagulls. But some physics students from England's Leicester University weren't so sure.
Figuring the potential weight of the peach, which Dahl wrote was about the size of a small house, they multiplied its density by its volume and calculated that you'd need more than 2.4 million seagulls to get that peach into the air.
We're hoping the students next school project figures out the scientific elements of the potion that actually grew that giant peach in the first place.
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text:
Definitions for masticophis
The noun masticophis has 1 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. Masticophis, genus Masticophis
How to Cite Songs in APA Format
Precise Language and Strong vs. Weak Verbs in Writing
How Is the GRE Exam Scored?
Why Do Students Need to Learn How to Write?
Post-Bachelor Teacher Certification
How to Write a Thesis for a Process Analysis Essay
Synonym.com © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see


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A Teachers' Guide is available for each of the twelve Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History, and includes background materials, activity sheets and detailed lesson plans for one or more grade-specific units for elementary or secondary students. Some suggestions are relevant for college and university classes. Just fill in our online registration form and download the guides in PDF format.
There are short, focused, age-specific, single-lesson MysteryQuests lesson plans relating to one or more of the Mysteries.
You can also download classroom posters.


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Seven against Thebes Quiz
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Questions 1-5 of 25:
What type of violation is used to describe women being treated like treasures? (from Part 1)
Who does Eteocles accuse of bringing down the city's morale? (from Part 2)
What term does Eteocles and the Chorus use to describe the city of Thebes? (from Part 2)
According to the Chorus, what are the Gods a source of? (from Part 2)
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1. HA - In digital systems, a common abbreviation for Half Adder.
 2. ha (hä) - The twentysixth letter of the Arabic alphabet
 3. ha (KHä) - The sixth letter of the Arabic alphabet
 4. Ha - Chemical Symbol for Hahnium
 5. ha. - Hectare(s)
 6. h.a. - In geometry, high angle
 7. h.a. - hoc anno, latin for "in this year"
Ha (h&add;), interj. [AS.]
Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.
© Webster 1913.
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Also referred to as Bubble and Squeek for the effect this dish has on the digestive system - this dish is an excellent way to dispose of holiday leftovers.
You need
You should
 1. Cook bacon in pan. When bacon fat is released, add onions.
 2. When onions begin to brown, add potato and turnip leftovers.
 3. Cook till leftovers are hot.
 4. Share and enjoy!
Yeah, it's no sensei receipe. /me misses him too.
In my experience, neeps and tatties refers to the Scottish dish of mashed turnip (neep = swede or swedish turnip, the big yellow ones usually served to cows, not the little white ones) and mashed potatoes. It is most famously served with haggis, the much-maligned "national dish" of my homeland.
In England, which is near Scotland, "bubble and squeak" (note spelling) refers to fried leftover cabbage and potatoes (optionally with onion).
Re: Bubble and squeak gaining its name from the sound of the digestive system, have you ever had rumbledethumps? This is the Scottish version of bubble and squeak, the difference being that it is baked in the oven with lots of cheese. Parp!!
Briefly trawling the Web tends to confirm me in my opinions.
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text:
Artifacts suggest symptoms and diet that point to celiac disease.
A group of researchers in Italy have identified what could be an early case of celiac disease. Remains of a young woman from the first century AD indicate short stature, anemia and decreased bone mass. Artifacts from the tomb suggest the woman lived in a wealthy area with an abundance of wheat, which could have contributed to her condition.
"The wellness of the area is supported by the lack of other bodies found with signs of malnutrition. Clinical presentation and the possible continuous exposure to wheat seem to suggest a case of celiac disease," the study said.
Prior to this discovery, the earliest case of celiac disease was in 250 BC, based on historical accounts. Researchers hope this case will offer more insight into the phylogenetic tree of celiac disease.


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Publisher's Summary
Prepare yourself to defend the truth against the greatest worldview threat of our generation.
In recent years, a set of ideas rooted in postmodernism and neo-Marxist critical theory have merged into a comprehensive worldview. Labeled "social justice" by its advocates, it has radically redefined the popular understanding of justice. It purports to value equality and diversity and to champion the cause of the oppressed.
Yet far too many Christians have little knowledge of this ideology, and consequently, don't see the danger. Many evangelical leaders confuse ideological social justice with biblical justice. Of course, justice is a deeply biblical idea, but this new ideology is far from biblical.
It is imperative that Christ followers, tasked with blessing their nations, wake up to the danger, and carefully discern the difference between biblical justice and its destructive counterfeit.
This book aims to replace confusion with clarity by holding up the counterfeit worldview and the Biblical worldview side-by-side, showing how significantly they differ in their core presuppositions. It challenges Christians to not merely denounce the false worldview, but offer a better alternative - the incomparable Biblical worldview, which shapes cultures marked by genuine justice, mercy, forgiveness, social harmony, and human dignity.
©2020 Scott David Allen (P)2020 Scott David Allen
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text:
Thanks to Grizzle...
RANDOM DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION
It can sometimes be the case that damage has to be distributed randomly amongst a Damaged unit, and this is called random damage. The enemy unit has been hurt, but nobody knows which warriors have been damaged!
If invoked dice must be distributed randomly, first count how many Different Warriors there are in the Damaged unit, called the different warrior count. Different Warriors are those that have a different profile to another member of the unit, such as a Forthegn within a unit of Duguth.
A Damaged unit suffering ten damage has three different warriors within it, so the different warrior count is 3.
Then assign numbers between 0-9 to each different warrior so that the resulting different warrior divisions cover the numbers of a D10 as equally as possible, noting any remainders. Each different warrior division applies to one particular different warrior, chosen by the Damaged unit's player.
As the different warrior count is 3 and there is ten damage, rolls of 0-2 are applied to the first different warrior, rolls of 3-5 are applied to the second different warrior and rolls of 6-8 are applied to the third different warrior.
Roll Distribution Dice
Once that is done, the Damaged unit's player rolls a distribution die for each damage point suffered. The result of the distribution die determines where that damage point is distributed, and any rolls outside of the different warrior divisions
are re-rolled until they are within a division.
The distribution dice result in rolls of 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 8, 4, 9 and 0. Thus, the rolls 0, 1, 1 and 2 are applied to the first different warrior; the rolls of 3, 4 and 5 are applied to the second different warrior; and the rolls of 7 and 8 are applied to
the third different warrior. The roll of 9 is outside the different warrior divisions and so is re-rolled, resulting in a 3. Thus, the first warrior division suffers five invoked dice; the second warrior division suffers three invoked dice; and the third warrior division suffers two invoked dice.
This will make 126.96.36.199: CONTINUOUS EFFECTS 188.8.131.52., etc.


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CERTIFICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM:
CST is a product of the Costa Rican Tourism Board (ICT), that evaluates business compliance with a sustainable model of natural, cultural and social resource management. Bosque de Paz, as a leader in resource conservation, has joined the CST program, and we wish to explain our current compliance processes as follows:
1. Physical-biological parameters:
a. We only use biodegradable cleaning agents, and recycle all their containers.
b. Bosque de Paz has formal guidelines to avoid negative impacts on the surrounding ecosystem.
c. Our trail rules guarantee all guests are informed to minimize human impact.
d. All of the plant and animal species in the preserve are native to the forest.
2. Infrastructure and services:
a. We have a water and energy saving policy, and inform our guests to cooperate with our efforts.
b. Spring water used at Bosque de Paz is certified as potable, fit for human consumption.
c. All infrastructure is constantly checked personnel to ensure adecuate function and energy use.
d. Bosque de Paz operates under a strict recycling and waste reduction policy.
c. Our meals contain a maximum usage of fresh, natural and organic ingredients.
d. We operate a small experimental orchard, to supply organically grown ingredients for the kitchen.
e. Employees are constantly trained to assure better sustainability and conservation practices.
3. External Client:
a. Labeled trash cans to allow guests to separate garbage for proper disposal and recycling.
b. Guests may follow recommendations regarding our water, energy and waste disposal policies.
c. We formally ask guests about ideas about how to optimize our CST participation.
d. We offer our guests additional scientific literature regarding native flora and fauna.
4. Socio-economic environment:
a. As a formal policy, all of the employees at Bosque de Paz are part of the local population.
b. Bosque de Paz has a training policy for all our collaborators.
c. We have a public space to announce community activities and other locasl destinations.
d. Bosque de Paz has a commercial policy that favors commerce local farms and businesses.
e. The preserve exhibits local arts and crafts made by members of the community.


Grid Compass
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from GRiD Compass)
Jump to: navigation, search
Grid Compass
Astronaut John Creighton posing with a Grid Compass aboard a Space Shuttle Discovery mission in 1985.
Developer Bill Moggridge[1]
Manufacturer Grid
Type Portable computer
Release date April 1982 (1982-04)
Introductory price 8150 USD [1]
Operating system Grid-OS
CPU Intel 8086
Memory 340 KB magnetic bubble[2]
Display 320 x 240
Connectivity 19-pin "serial", Telephone Line+Audio 1,200 bit/s modem, GPIB[2]
Successor Grid GridCase 1520
The Grid Compass (written GRiD by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) was one of the first laptop computers when the initial model was introduced in April 1982 (the model 1101[a]).
The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge in 1979, and first sold three years later. The design used a clamshell case (where the screen folds flat to the rest of the computer when closed), which was made from a magnesium alloy. The computer featured an Intel 8086 processor, a 320 × 240-pixel electroluminescent display, 340-kilobyte magnetic bubble memory, and a 1,200 bit/s modem. Devices such as hard drives and floppy drives could be connected via the IEEE-488 I/O (also known as the GPIB or General Purpose Instrumentation Bus). This port made it possible to connect multiple devices to the addressable device bus. It weighed 5 kg (11 lb). The power input is ~110/220 V AC, 47–66 Hz, 75 W.
The Compass ran its own operating system, GRiD-OS. Its specialized software and high price (8–10,000 USD) meant that it was limited to specialized applications. The main buyer was the U.S. government. NASA used it on the Space Shuttle during the early 1980s, as it was both powerful and lightweight. The military Special Forces also purchased the machine, as it could be used by paratroopers in combat.
Along with the Gavilan SC and Sharp PC-5000 released the following year, the GRiD Compass established much of the basic design of subsequent laptop computers, although the laptop concept itself owed much to the Dynabook project developed at Xerox PARC from the late 1960s. The Compass company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace.
The portable Osborne 1 computer sold at around the same time as the GRiD, was more affordable and more popular, and ran the popular CP/M operating system. But, unlike the Compass, the Osborne was not a laptop and lacked the Compass's refinement and small size.
The Compass's manufacturer, Grid Systems Corp., was acquired by Tandy Corporation (RadioShack) in 1988.
Popular culture[edit]
On 17 December 1983, fictional character Murray Bozinsky was shown using a Grid Compass 1101 in the American television program Riptide (Season 1, Episode 3: "Somebody's Killing the Great Geeks of America").
Grid Compass laptops were used in the film Aliens (1986) as the remote consoles for the sentry guns deployed to defend the Marines' positions.[4]
 1. ^ The model 1100 did not exist, except in marketing materials; the released machine was the model 1101.[3]
 1. ^ a b "World's first laptop. Osborne 1 GRiD Compass 1101". The Longest list of the longest stuff at the longest domain name at long last. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
 2. ^ a b Dave. "Old computers". Retrieved 2009-05-19. |chapter= ignored (help)
 3. ^ "Pioneering the Laptop – The GRiD Compass", YouTube, Google .
 4. ^ "Sentry Gun Remote Terminal".
External links[edit]
 - Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. "GRiD Compass". Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. Retrieved 10 October 2012.


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Here is a still from Carl Theodor Dreyer's masterpiece La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc.
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (July 21, 1892 – December 12, 1946) was 35 years old when she played the role of 19-year-old Joan of Arc in La Passion. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the most astonishing performances ever committed to film, and it would remain her final cinematic role.
The original version of the film was lost for decades after a fire destroyed the master negative and only variations of Dreyer's second version were available. In 1981 an employee of the Kikemark Sykehus mental institution in Oslo found several film canisters in a janitor's closet that were labeled as being The Passion of Joan of Arc. The cannisters were sent to the Norwegian Film Institute where they were first stored for three years until finally being examined. It was then discovered that the prints were of Dreyer's original cut of the film before government or church censorship had taken place. There were never any records of the film being shipped to Oslo, but film historians believe that the then director of the institution may have requested a special copy since he was also a published historian.
In 1994, composer Richard Einhorn wrote an oratorio based on the film, entitled "Voices of Light." The libretto is based on excerpts from a variety of ancient writings, most of it from Mediæval female mystics. I highly recommend it.


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Product available only in Romanian market
Monitoring physiological parameters is essential for the goal directed management of critical care patients. Highly invasive monitoring methods have been established in clinical practice for many years, but are increasingly the centre of critical discussion. The PiCCO-Technology is the solution.
PiCCO-Technology is the easy, less invasive and cost-efficient tool for determining the main haemodynamic parameters of critically ill patients.
Clinical & Economic Benefits of PICCO:
- Get the complete picture of the patient's status;
- Improve Patient outcome;
- Long-term advanced monitoring (ACCURATE values);
- Post-operative management of unstable intensive care patients;
- Diagnosis of pulmonary oedema in critically ill patients;
- Less complications due to less organ failure including renal insufficiency;
- Shorter time on mechanical ventilation;
- Shorter ICU-stay;
- Goal Directed Therapy (GDT);
- The PiCCO-Technology combines arterial pulse contour analysis using the innovative PiCCO algorithm with precise calibration via transpulmonary thermodilution;
- Arterial access via femoral, brachial and axillary artery;
- Application in children / paediatrics with special 3 french PiCCO catheter possible.


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Control Color of LED Matrix on Raspberry Pi Sense HAT over WebSockets
This example shows how to use the Simulink® Support Package for Raspberry Pi® Hardware to control the color of an 8x8 LED matrix on Raspberry Pi Sense HAT from a web page over WebSockets.
Raspberry Pi hardware
Raspberry Pi Sense HAT
Micro USB cable
Configure the Raspberry Pi network using the Hardware Setup screen.
Step 1: Connect Raspberry Pi Hardware to Sense HAT and Computer
Tip: Before you start this example, we recommend you complete the Getting Started with Simulink Support Package for Raspberry Pi Hardware and Publish Data from Raspberry Pi Sense HAT to WebSocket Server examples.
1. Plug the Sense HAT module into the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi hardware.
2. Connect the micro end of the USB cable to the Raspberry Pi and the regular USB end of the USB cable to the computer. Wait until the PWR LED on the hardware starts blinking.
Step 2: Open and Configure WebSocket Subscribe Simulink Model
Open the Raspberry Pi Dashboard Monitor and Tune model.
The model is divided into two areas based on the functionality of the blocks in each area.
Subscribe Data to Websocket Client: This model shows how to subscribe to the data from a web page over WebSockets. In this model, the WebSocket Subscribe block is configured to receive RGB values from the web browser. The output of the Websocket Subscribe block is connected to a subsystem. On receiving a valid input, the subsystem converts the RGB values to an 8x8 matrix and then provides the values to the Color Display block.
Step 3: Configure and Run Simulink Model
1. Modify the Server IP address and Server Port parameters of the WebSocket Publish and WebSocket Subscribe blocks.
Server IP address: The address of your Raspberry Pi hardware. The IP address specified in this example is a private IP address so that you can access the server in a private network.
Server Port: The port number of the server application running on your Raspberry Pi hardware. The client publishes or subscribes to data from this port on the server.
2. On the Hardware tab of the Simulink model, in the Mode section, select Run on board and then click Build, Deploy & Start.
The deployed model starts receiving pixel values from the client application running on your browser.
Step 4: Control Pixel Values from WebSocket Client
To open the dashboard in your default web browser, enter this command at the MATLAB® Command Window:
Tip: The web browser dashboard is best viewed in a Google Chrome® or Firefox® browser.
While the model is running on the hardware, drag the thumb of the scroll bar on the page. When you drag the scroll bar, the pixel values are communicated to the server application running on the hardware, which in turn changes the color of the LED matrix on the Raspberry Pi Sense HAT.
Publish Data from Raspberry Pi Sense HAT to WebSocket Server


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Hanukah Décor Ideas
Hanukah, the festival of lights, is a time for celebrating the fact that anything is possible. Bring that sense of joyful magic to your home in a fun, elegant way by with your original Hanukah décor.
Hanukah Colors and Themes
Most families in the U.S. consider blue and white to be the official colors of Hanukah. Common variations of this palette include blue and silver or blue and gold. While these are all wonderful choices for Hanukah decorating, the American tradition of blue and white for Hanukah originates from of the colors of the Israeli flag rather than from anything particular to Hanukah itself. So when it comes to Hanukah colors, feel free to stick with American tradition or branch out and try something completely different!
Hanukah has a number of signature themes. You'll want to include some or all of these in your holiday design:
- Stars of David
- Hanukah gelt (gold or silver coins)
- Doves of peace
- Potato latkes
- Images of Jerusalem.
Many families also include gifts, snowflakes, snowmen or "Hanukah bears" in their holiday decor.
Hanukah Displays and Centerpieces
Dress up your shelves, accent tables and mantle for Hanukah with some of these simple approaches:
- Hanukah village: Create a mantle or tabletop miniature village in blue and metallic gold or silver with little houses, people, Hanukah bears, dreidels, gelt and a central menorah.
- Gelt centerpiece: Start with a white plate and place a white votive candle in a class candleholder in the center. Surround with chocolate covered gelt coins.
- Dreidel flower centerpiece: Place a decorative dreidel with a detachable top in a dreidel stand. Remove the top and fill bottom part with water and fresh cut flowers (if the dreidel is waterproof material) or faux blossoms.
- Dreidel centerpiece: Coat a collection of plain wooden dreidels in gold, silver, iridescent white or colorful glitter. Arrange sparkly dreidels in a glass bowl or an apothecary jar.
When decorating your shelves and other surfaces, don't forget to display your menorah!
The Element of Light
Since Hanukah is the festival of lights, light plays a huge part in dressing your home up for the holiday. Here are a few ways to bring light to your Hanukah design.
- Hurricane lamps: Cut and measure blue craft paper to fit around a Mason jar or hurricane vase. Use a Japanese hole punch to punch out a Hanukah design such as a menorah, dove or Star of David. Wrap vase or jar with paper and attach with craft glue. Place a tea light candle inside for a soft glow. For variations on this theme, use decoupage, glass etching or glass paint to create gorgeous Hanukah luminaries from vases and Mason jars.
- Candles: Use blue, white or Hanukah-themed candles around the home, and of course, light the menorah! When fire safety is an issue, you may want to use LED or electric candles.
- Holiday lights: Brighten up your home by adding strings of blue and white lights to the perimeter of rooms, around banisters and railings, in windows and around large plants. In addition to plain bulbs, you can also find Hanukah-themed light strings that look like menorahs, dreidels and Stars of David.
Hanukah Bush and Dreidel Tree
Many families like to add to the holiday fun with a Hanukah bush or dreidel tree. You've got lots of options to create one that fits your family's personality:
- Arrange some pre-lit branches in a vase with blue glass beads. Hang a gold dreidel or a piece of gelt from each branch with a blue ribbon.
- Use a miniature white, blue or purple Christmas tree for your Hanukah bush. Top it with a Star of David and hang Hanukah-themed ornaments from the branches. You can also add strings of blue or white light.
- Decorate a living dwarf tree with Hanukah ornaments..
- Personalize your tree or bush by adding homemade ornaments or ornaments that reflect the interests and hobbies of family members.
Hanukah Walls and Windows
Get your walls and windows into the holiday spirit with some or all of these easy ideas:
- Replace your usual framed artwork with Hanukah or winter-themed prints.
- Make your own tissue paper dreidel or menorah sun catchers for the windows.
- Create a display of Hanukah window clings. Some really pretty ones are available these days!
- Purchase or design a Hanukah wall hanging with pockets for each of the eight nights of Hanukah. You can put small gifts in the pockets for children (or adults) to discover each night.
- Hang homemade Hanukah garlands with paper or cloth dreidels, menorahs or gelt.
Your Hanukah Table
Make Hanukah meals special by decorating your table for the holiday. You might want to try:
- A blue tablecloth with a silver table runner
- Coordinated Hanukah-themed placemats and tableware
- A floral centerpiece of white carnations
- Place cards shaped like dreidels
- Blue and gold beaded napkin rings with Hanukah charms
- Table favors such as tiny gifts, velvet bags of gelt, or decorative dreidels tied with a blue ribbon.
- Gold metallic doilies under each plate
- Handmade Hanukah etchings in glass tumblers and stemware.
Taking the time to add holiday touches to your home adds beauty and spirit while creating happy memories and family traditions. Get yourkidsinvolved and design decorations you can bring out with joy year after year.


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combinatory logic definition logic
A system for reducing the operational notation of logic
, mathematics or a functional language
to a sequence of modifications to the input data structure. First introduced in the 1920's by Schoenfinkel
. Re-introduced independently by Haskell Curry
in the late 1920's (who quickly learned of Schoenfinkel's work after he had the idea). Curry is really responsible for most of the development, at least up until work with Feys in 1958.


Manage Multiple Social Accounts-01
By nature, social media managers are multitaskers. They're constantly juggling the need to engage with customers, publish new content, analyze success, monitor conversions, report to stakeholders and–if time allows–sleep. Not only do most social media managers have to complete these activities, but many of them do all of that work for multiple social profiles and networks.
What drives this need for multiple social media profiles and networks? Surely companies aren't creating superfluous accounts to generate more work for their communications teams.
This article is going to dive into which circumstances companies would need multiple social media accounts, give some examples of specific business types that benefit from a larger presence and most importantly, look into how you can effectively manage multiple social media accounts.
Why Do You Need Multiple Social Accounts?
Creating multiple social media accounts gives you much more control over the type of content that corresponds to various products, locations or departments of your company. We'll get into examples of specific organizations that frequently use multiple social media profiles, but here are a few reasons why a company may go that route.
 - Multiple products – if you have several different popular products that get asked their own questions or that need to create their own content.
 - Multiple locations – if you have multiple locations that all offer different promotions or have different hours that need to be shared.
 - Different goals – different portions of your business may have their own unique goals when it comes to social, and may require a different strategy.
 - Different social voices – each product or portion of your business may have a different "social voice." For instance, one brand voice may err on the serious side, while another could have the chance to be more humorous and lighthearted.
 - Different teams – each team within an organization–like customer service, human resources, or research & development–may want their own social presence to better control the flow of conversations and content.
Those are just a handful of the many reasons why companies may want to create multiple profiles on each social network. To paint a better picture of this, it's helpful to look at specific examples of who needs multiple accounts.
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Who Needs to Manage Multiple Social Accounts?
The idea of creating multiple social media pages may seem trivial–you're essentially just creating more work for yourself–so who would do it? There are a lot of reasons why a company may want to split their online personalities into multiple social media pages.
1. SMBs
The most common reason a smallor medium-sized business creates multiple social media pages is to separate unique portions of their business. A company may give their blog a separate handle so they can distribute their content more frequently to those that want to read it. SMBs may also give their customer support team a separate handle so their main page isn't bogged down with customer service issues.
2. Corporations
Corporations could use multiple pages for the same reasons as SMBs, but there are a few more use-cases unique to this group. Some corporations, for instance, could use the social media profiles of a C-level employee to share company-wide news and updates.
Corporations could also create new profiles for some of their different departments–like human resources, R&D or finance–who can handle the messages better suited for their team.
3. Franchises
A lot of major corporations with several locations will create unique social profiles for the various branches of their business. McDonalds, for instance, has several location-based Twitter pages, including accounts for different countries, states and cities.
This gives the franchises the freedom to post about exclusive deals, operating hours or contests that the entire organization may not participate in. That frees up the corporate pages to continue creating content that advocates for the success of the individual franchises.
4. Agencies
The whole idea of agencies is that they can manage the work for multiple companies all at once–freeing those companies to work on the other functions of their business. So, it should come as no surprise that most agencies need to manage multiple social media profiles simultaneously. Some of the larger agencies can even be responsible for handling hundreds of different social pages at once.
5. Universities
This is one of the most popular use-cases for needing multiple social media profiles. Universities have so many different sub-organizations with different needs and voices that could require unique social media pages.
Here are a few more instances of different social media accounts universities could own:
 - Student clubs and organizations
 - Student services, such as housing and dining
 - Student newspapers
 - College programs
 - Libraries and buildings
 - Residence halls
 - Alumni groups
 - Emergency notifications
 - Athletics
 - Even accounts for the mascot!
Another example would be Harvard, which has more than 100 different social media profiles built out for the various organizations at their university.
How to Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts
At a high level, the key to managing multiple social media accounts simultaneously is to utilize a single stream social media management platform. The functionality to handle multiple pages all at once just isn't available on most networks, especially when you're talking about combining multiple social media sites such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. At Sprout Social, we've created our own social media software for handling these exact needs.
We feel like we have a good idea about what makes social media managers tick. Our platform was built to make managing multiple social profiles easier, especially when there are several accounts tied to a single business.
If you're interested in diving into the platform to test it for yourself, check out our completely free trial–no need to download any software or enter credit card information.
Engaging on Multiple Social Media Accounts
The most important thing you can do on social media is engage with your current and prospective customers in order to build lasting, profitable relationships. However, that can be difficult when you're managing several social network accounts across different platforms. Without any sort of tool, you'd find yourself constantly logging in and out of your various pages to find and field important messages.
That's a lot of time spent entering email addresses and passwords, which can be annoying when doing it just once. Additionally, you run the risk of accidentally promoting one social profile while logged into the other–or even worse–post personal social messages on corporate feeds.
You need a way to centralize the messages sent to all of your social profiles and that something could be Sprout Social's Smart Inbox.
You can easily work your way through every message sent to all of your profiles by yourself, or with a team, and mark them as complete as you go. This will help ensure you never miss an important social interaction.
Publishing to Multiple Social Media Accounts
Most of the different pages you manage require unique content, because what's relevant for one audience may not be relevant for another. Without a social media tool, it could take all of your time finding, creating and sharing content across multiple different accounts.
However, with Sprout Social you can queue, schedule and publish all of your content to multiple social media networks simultaneously from within the platform. This will save you countless hours you could have used to engage with customers to grow relationships.
Analyzing Multiple Social Media Accounts
With social media marketing, it's important to look at what has worked in the past so you can utilize that success moving forward. Analyzing the data you have at hand is key in creating more successful campaigns moving forward. Unfortunately, collecting and analyzing data for multiple pages is cumbersome.
Sprout's social media analytics suite makes it easy to view your data on a profile level so that you can see what specifically works for your individual social pages. Not only that, but you can combine that data with our group and roll-up reports to see what is working across all of your profiles and campaigns.
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Collaborating on Multiple Social Media Accounts
The key to managing multiple social media profiles is teamwork. Even if you can't convince your company that you need more social media managers, try recruiting some internal teams to help out when queries come in relating to their department.
Sprout's collaboration was made for multiuser teams to work within all at once. Manage the Smart Inbox as a team, create internal notes, task specific messages to the proper departments, run reports to see how everyone is performing, and take out all of the stress of double-responding with collision detection features.
Get Managing
There are plenty of reasons why a company may need manage multiple social media accounts, and without the right management platform, things can get hairy. So try and figure out which parts of your organization would thrive with their own social media presence and get them established online. Once these members have their own space to work, they can work freely in your social media management platform!
Have anything else to add? Feel free to comment below!


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Fact Sheet 514
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is a serious illness caused by common bacteria. MAC is also known as MAI (Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare). MAC infection can be localized (limited to one part of your body) or disseminated (spread through your whole body, sometimes called DMAC). MAC infection often occurs in the lungs, intestines, bone marrow, liver, and spleen.
The bacteria that cause MAC are very common. They are found in water, soil, dust, and food. Almost everyone has them in their body. A healthy immune system will control MAC, but people with weakened immune systems can develop MAC disease.
Up to 50% of people with AIDS may develop MAC, especially if their CD4 cell count is below 50. MAC almost never causes disease in people with more than 100 CD4 cells.
The symptoms of MAC can include high fevers, chills, diarrhea, weight loss, stomach aches, fatigue, and anemia (low numbers of red blood cells). When MAC spreads in the body, it can cause blood infections, hepatitis, pneumonia, and other serious problems.
Many different opportunistic infections can cause these symptoms. Therefore, your health care provider will probably check your blood, urine, or saliva to look for the bacteria that causes MAC. The sample will be tested to see what bacteria are growing in it. This process, called culturing, can take several weeks. Even if you are infected with MAC, it can be hard to find the MAC bacteria.
If your CD4 cell count is less than 50, your health care provider might treat you for MAC, even without a definite diagnosis. This is because MAC infection is very common but can be difficult to diagnose.
The MAC bacteria can mutate and develop resistance to some of the drugs used to fight it. Health care providers use a combination of antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) to treat MAC. At least two drugs are used: usually azithromycin or clarithromycin plus up to three other drugs. MAC treatment must continue for life, or else the disease will return.
People react differently to anti-MAC drugs. You and your health care provider may have to try different combinations before you find one that works for you with the fewest side effects.
The most common MAC drugs and their side effects are:
- Amikacin (Amkin): kidney and ear problems; taken as an injection.
- Azithromycin (Zithromax, see fact sheet 530): nausea, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea; taken as capsules or intravenously.
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro or Ciloxan, see fact sheet 531): nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; taken as tablets or intravenously.
- Clarithromycin (Biaxin, see fact sheet 532): nausea, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea; taken as capsules or intravenously. Note: The maximum dose is 500 milligrams twice a day.
- Ethambutol (Myambutol): nausea, vomiting, vision problems.
- Rifabutin (Mycobutin): rashes, nausea, anemia. Many drug interactions.
- Rifampin (Rifampicin, Rifadin, Rimactane): fever, chills, muscle or bone pain; can turn urine, sweat, and saliva red-orange (may stain contact lenses); can interfere with birth control pills. Many drug interactions.
The bacteria that cause MAC are very common. It is not possible to avoid being exposed. The best way to prevent MAC is to take strong antiretroviral medications (ARVs). Even if your CD4 cell count drops very low, there are drugs that can stop MAC disease from developing in up to 50% of people.
The antibiotic drugs azithromycin, rifabutin, and clarithromycin have been used to prevent MAC. These drugs are usually prescribed for people with less than 50 CD4 cells.
Combination antiretroviral therapy can make your CD4 cell count go up. If it goes over 100 and stays there for 3 months, it may be safe to stop taking medications to prevent MAC. Be sure to talk with your health care provider before you stop taking any of your prescribed medications.
Several drugs used to treat MAC interact with many other drugs, including ARVs, antifungal drugs, and birth control pills. This is especially true for rifampin, rifabutin, and rifapentine. Be sure your health care provider knows about all the medications that you are taking so that all possible interactions can be considered.
MAC is a serious disease caused by common bacteria. MAC can cause serious weight loss, diarrhea, and other symptoms.
If you develop MAC, you will probably be treated with azithromycin or clarithromycin plus one to three other antibiotics. You will have to continue taking these drugs for life to avoid a recurrence of MAC.
People with 50 CD4 cells or less should talk with their health care providers about taking drugs to prevent MAC.
Back to Fact Sheet Categories
Partially funded by the National Library of Medicine


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Masterwort has a long flowering season, thanks to the long-lasting bracts that surround each umbel of flowers. Add to this the attractive foliage and they make popular herbaceous perennials. Bract colours range from deep red, through pink, to white and green.
10 species exist in the wild, growing in moist meadows and woodland from Europe to Asia, although only half of these are found in gardens.
All varieties are best in fertile, humus-rich soil, in sun or part-shade. They are ideal for naturalistic planting schemes or the mixed border.


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Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
19th-century Polish literature
Mickiewicz was the greatest Polish poet and the leader of the Romantic period. His two-volume Poezye (1822–23; "Poems") was the first major literary event of the period. The second volume included parts two and four of Dziady ( Forefathers' Eve), in which he combined folklore and mystic atmosphere to create a new kind of Romantic drama....
discussed in biography
Mickiewicz's first volume of poems, Poezye (1822; "Poetry"), included ballads, romances, and an important preface explaining his admiration of western European poetic forms and his desire to transplant them to Polish literature. The second volume of Poezye (1823) contained parts two and four of his Dziady (...
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