Personal Growth
8 Tips for Cultivating a Beginner's Mind
woman arms open on the beach
8 Tips for Cultivating a Beginner's Mind
If it's true what they say, that no one likes a know-it-all, what happens when the know-it-all lives in your head? Funny enough, when people think they know all there is to know on a subject, they prove to be more closed-minded. And daresay, less enjoyable to be around.
The question then becomes: how can you embrace more of a beginner's mindset, which reflects humility with respect to life experiences and the world?
The Zen Buddhist term, Shoshin (初心), means "beginner's mind", and holds that only when you are a true beginner, can you really learn anything. As usual, yoga gives you a perfect opportunity to practice your life skills on the mat, helping you to have greater access to wiser choices off the mat.
Here are eight ways to practice developing your beginner's mind.
1. Yes, No, Maybe
The beginner's mindset refers to maintaining the open attitude of a beginner, no matter how advanced your knowledge becomes on a topic. A wise place to start would be to embrace more openness with regard to your judgments. And really, everything is a judgment—from your opinion about someone else's beliefs, to the system of yoga or religion you follow, to the "facts" that you consider absolutely unwavering. After all, at a certain time in history, it was a fact that the world was flat!
When considering anything, try taking on the viewpoint of "Yes, No, Maybe," rather than choosing just one perspective.
 - Should a person eat meat? Yes, no, maybe.
 - Is your method of disciplining your children the best choice? Yes, no, maybe.
 - Should you really wait 30 minutes after a meal before swimming? Yes, no, maybe.
The qualification here is to not be wishy-washy, but instead to consider that few things in life are black and white. The universe is basically comprised of all shades of gray.
2. Pay Attention to the Foundation
When you have a structure built on a strong and solid foundation, everything builds up and aligns far more easily than when built on shoddy ground. The same is true both on and off the mat. While in your yoga poses, pay attention to the parts of you that are touching the earth, and practice really rooting yourself evenly through those areas of pressure. When you let your body move faster than your attention to it, imbalance and injury occurs. It's almost like you're saying I know what I'm doing, I don't need to really pay attention, I've done this a million times before.
Connecting to the foundation in your practice is a way of not only keeping yourself safe, but is a way to open up to the experience of the moment you're in with a humble attitude. It's saying, I'm going to do my part to set myself up for success, and I'm not going to get lazy or assume that the outcome will go a certain way. I will then open myself up to everything that could possibly arise from the way I have laid out this pose.
3. Emulate the Wonder of Children
Starting your yoga practice in Child's Pose (Balasana) can help to not only nurture that spirit of wonder, but to humble you as you bow to your highest energy and light. Similarly, you can end your practice with Happy Baby Pose (Ananda Balasana) before moving into Corpse Pose (Savasana). Let it be your intention to feed the childlike curiosity and awe of not knowing all the answers.
4. Practice the Don't Know Mind
Author Jack Kornfield shares a powerful meditation to embrace what he calls "the Don't Know Mind." It's a simple contemplation that asks you to consider all the things within and around you that you don't fully understand—like how the earth spins through space or how people are born and are dying every day.
Rather than trying to figure these things out, you practice being at peace with the state of not knowing. In this way, you learn to relax into the moments when faced with a challenge or a conundrum and have no idea what will happen. In this meditation, faith in the unknown brings about inner peace.
5. Beware of Storytelling
Beginner's Mind asks you to see things as they actually are (vidya), as opposed to the illusions with which you may so often identify. It is your past experiences, assumptions, and judgments that send you into a cycle of storytelling and unnecessary suffering.
For example, a person being five minutes late to your lunch meeting may just mean that that person is running behind, not that they devalue you and your time so much that you feel disrespected and resentful. It is far easier sometimes to jump to conclusions than to assume everyone's innocence—at least at first. But with time, it gets easier to treat each person you meet with openness and without expectation.
6. When Practicing, Notice How You Experience Expectations
In yoga class, when your yoga teacher says to come into Warrior II, do you expect for it to make your front thigh tired? Do you expect to hate it? What if today Warrior II was extremely empowering for you? Would you be able to notice it?
With a beginner's mind approach to your practice, you can experience each pose as if you were experiencing it for the first time. And better yet, you'd be able to be so available to the full range of sensations, that you'd find delight even in the challenging moments simply because you're aware of them.
7. Use the Familiar Poses as Your Anchor
For many people, yoga practice is like brushing their teeth: you know that it's important to do every day, but often just go through the motions while planning some other upcoming event.
Instead, resolve to use your most familiar poses or Salutations as a reminder to open your awareness and drop in to your body. Each time you come to Downward-Facing Dog, for example, resist the urge to tune out and go on autopilot. Instead, tune in. Notice how this Down Dog feels in this particular moment in time.
The next step (or, Beginner's Mind 2.0) would be to ask yourself, What can I learn in this pose/ situation? In this way, nothing becomes rote, boring, or useless.
8. Treat Every Day like It's Your Birthday
You know how you wake up on your birthday and every experience is heightened and special? What would happen if you treated every day like that? Each meal became really magical because it was exactly what you were choosing to eat on your special day. You walked down the street with light in your heart and pep in your step because you knew that this day was an auspicious one in your life. You looked around and saw everything as a sign or a good omen that this would be your best year yet. When you meet the world with your arms (and mind) wide open, it is likely to surprise you.
And at every turn, be curious. Approaching the world with a sense of authentic curiosity is one of the keystones of openness and beginner's mind. Even if you feel out of practice and don't know where to start, it's still inside you.
As author and film producer Brian Grazer said in his book, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life, "You're born curious, and no matter how much battering your curiosity has taken, it's standing by, ready to be awakened." So awaken to the joy that not having all the answers can bring. Because, hey, you never know …


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Research initiative funded in time for National Aboriginal Day
Women account for 48 per cent of Aboriginal people living in Canada who test positive for HIV, compared to 20 per cent in the non-Aboriginal population. Yet studies focused on the concerns of Aboriginal women in the context of HIV infection are scarce.
Postdoctoral fellow Dr. Anita C. Benoit is doing research that will help to improve HIV services, so that they better target and support Aboriginal women.
"In one of my pilot projects, I'm working to identify the stressors that Aboriginal women living with HIV face daily," says Benoit. "We're hoping to design a stress-reducing therapeutic intervention that will allow Aboriginal women to practice traditional healing approaches in addition to conventional stress-management approaches."
Benoit is doing this work in partnership with Aboriginal women, community groups, researchers and allied researchers.
What makes the study unique from other stress management interventions in the literature is that it's informed by the community, which Benoit explains is important when working with Aboriginal people.
"The women are very engaged with this initiative," says Benoit, "they have provided important feedback throughout the study that will help to inform future phases of the research project."
In addition, under the supervision of Women's College scientist Dr. Mona Loutfy, Benoit has been awarded a CIHR planning grant entitled, Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) - Expansion into a Pan-Canadian Study with Positive Aboriginal Women. In collaborations with Aboriginal stakeholders and researchers, the grant will fund a meeting to discuss how to increase the engagement and recruitment of Aboriginal women into the study.
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Animal Transport
What is an Animal Transport?
Animal transport is the commercial transport of live animals using motor vehicles. This also applies to the movement of animals in Germany as defined by the German Animal Welfare Transport Ordinance. The animal transportation involves the movement of livestock.
The conditions under which the animals may be transported are legally regulated in the European Regulation on the Protection of Animals during Transport. This regulation has been in force for all member states since January 2007. In Germany, the European requirements are implemented by means of a national animal welfare transport ordinance.
cows getting off a truck
The transportation of animals is the act of moving animals by transport.
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1 [ground]
earth or soil: stony ground.
land having an indicated character: rising ground.
Fine Arts.
ground color ( def 2 ).
grounds, dregs or sediment: coffee grounds.
Electricity. a conducting connection between an electric circuit or equipment and the earth or some other conducting body.
Music. ground bass.
Nautical. the bottom of a body of water.
the earth's solid or liquid surface; land or water.
pertaining to the ground.
Military. operating on land: ground forces.
verb (used with object)
to lay or set on the ground.
Electricity. to establish a ground for (a circuit, device, etc.).
Nautical. to cause (a vessel) to run aground.
Informal. to put out of action or make unable to participate: The quarterback was grounded by a knee injury.
Informal. to restrict the activities, especially the social activities, of: I can't go to the party—my parents have grounded me until my grades improve.
verb (used without object)
to come to or strike the ground.
to hit a ground ball.
to ground out.
Verb phrases
ground out, Baseball. to be put out at first base after hitting a ground ball to the infield.
break ground,
to plow.
to begin excavation for a construction project.
to begin upon or take preparatory measures for any undertaking.
cover ground,
to pass or travel over a certain area.
from the ground up,
gain ground,
to make progress; advance.
lose ground,
to retreat or be forced back.
to lose one's advantage; suffer a reverse.
off the ground, Informal. into action or well under way: The play never got off the ground.
shift ground, to change position in an argument or situation.
take the ground, Nautical. to become grounded at low water.
to ground,
before 900; (noun) Middle English grownd, grund, Old English grund; cognate with Dutch grond, German Grund; (v.) Middle English grundien, grownden to set on a foundation, establish, derivative of the noun
groundable, adjective
groundably, adverb
groundedly, adverb
groundedness, noun
groundward, groundwards, adverb, adjective
ungroundable, adjective
ground, grounds. Unabridged
2 [ground]
a simple past tense and past participle of grind.
reduced to fine particles or dust by grinding.
1755–65 for def 2; see ground1
verb (used with object), ground or (Rare) grinded; grinding.
to reduce to fine particles, as by pounding or crushing; bray, triturate, or pulverize.
to oppress, torment, or crush: to grind the poor.
to rub harshly or gratingly; grate together; grit: to grind one's teeth.
to operate by turning a crank: to grind a hand organ.
to produce by crushing or abrasion: to grind flour.
Slang. to annoy; irritate; irk: It really grinds me when he's late.
verb (used without object), ground or (Rare) grinded; grinding.
to perform the operation of reducing to fine particles.
to rub harshly; grate.
to be or become ground.
to be polished or sharpened by friction.
Informal. to work or study laboriously (often followed by away ): He was grinding away at his algebra.
Slang. (in a dance) to rotate the hips in a suggestive manner. Compare bump ( def 11 ).
the act of grinding.
a grinding sound.
a grade of particle fineness into which a substance is ground: The coffee is available in various grinds for different coffee makers.
laborious, usually uninteresting work: Copying all the footnotes was a grind.
Informal. an excessively diligent student.
Slang. a dance movement in which the hips are rotated in a suggestive or erotic manner. Compare bump ( def 20 ).
Verb phrases
grind out,
to produce in a routine or mechanical way: to grind out magazine stories.
to extinguish by rubbing the lighted end against a hard surface: to grind out a cigarette.
before 950; Middle English grinden, Old English grindan; akin to Gothic grinda-, Latin frendere
grindable, adjective
grindability, noun
grindingly, adverb
regrind, verb, reground, regrinding.
ungrindable, adjective
2. crush, powder, comminute, pound. 3. persecute, plague, afflict, trouble. 4. abrade. Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To ground
World English Dictionary
grind (ɡraɪnd)
vb (foll by out) (often foll by down) (foll by out) (foll by out) (often foll by into), grinds, grinding, ground
1. to reduce or be reduced to small particles by pounding or abrading: to grind corn; to grind flour
2. (tr) to smooth, sharpen, or polish by friction or abrasion: to grind a knife
3. to scrape or grate together (two things, esp the teeth) with a harsh rasping sound or (of such objects) to be scraped together
4. to speak or say (something) in a rough voice
5. to hold down; oppress; tyrannize
6. (tr) to operate (a machine) by turning a handle
7. to produce in a routine or uninspired manner: he ground out his weekly article for the paper
8. to continue to play in a dull or insipid manner: the band only ground out old tunes all evening
9. to instil (facts, information, etc) by persistent effort: they ground into the recruits the need for vigilance
10. informal (intr) to study or work laboriously
11. chiefly (US) (intr) to dance erotically by rotating the pelvis (esp in the phrase bump and grind)
12. informal laborious or routine work or study
13. slang chiefly (US) a person, esp a student, who works excessively hard
14. a specific grade of pulverization, as of coffee beans: coarse grind
15. slang (Brit) the act of sexual intercourse
16. chiefly (US) a dance movement involving an erotic rotation of the pelvis
17. the act or sound of grinding
[Old English grindan; related to Latin frendere, Lithuanian gréndu I rub, Low German grand sand]
ground1 (ɡraʊnd)
1. the land surface
2. earth or soil: he dug into the ground outside his house
3. (plural) the land around a dwelling house or other building
4. (sometimes plural) an area of land given over to a purpose: football ground; burial grounds
5. land having a particular characteristic: level ground; high ground
6. matter for consideration or debate; field of research or inquiry: the lecture was familiar ground to him; the report covered a lot of ground
7. a position or viewpoint, as in an argument or controversy (esp in the phrases give ground, hold, stand,orshift one's ground)
9. (often plural) reason; justification: grounds for complaint
10. arts
 b. the support of a painting
 c. the background of a painting or main surface against which the other parts of a work of art appear superimposed
11. a. the first coat of paint applied to a surface
 b. (as modifier): ground colour
12. the bottom of a river or the sea
13. (plural) sediment or dregs, esp from coffee
14. chiefly (Brit) the floor of a room
15. cricket
 a. the area from the popping crease back past the stumps, in which a batsman may legally stand
 b. ground staff
16. See ground bass
17. a mesh or network supporting the main pattern of a piece of lace
18. (US), (Canadian) electrical
 a. a connection between an electrical circuit or device and the earth, which is at zero potential
 b. Also called: earth a terminal to which this connection is made
19. above ground alive
20. below ground dead and buried
21. break new ground to do something that has not been done before
22. cut the ground from under someone's feet to anticipate someone's action or argument and thus make it irrelevant or meaningless
23. informal (Brit) to the ground, down to the ground completely; absolutely: it suited him down to the ground
24. informal get off the ground to make a beginning, esp one that is successful
25. go to ground to go into hiding
26. into the ground beyond what is requisite or can be endured; to exhaustion
27. meet someone on his own ground to meet someone according to terms he has laid down himself
28. the high ground, the moral high ground a position of moral or ethical superiority in a dispute


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My workflow is sometimes the following:
- Delete many images from the media library at once (named for example,
- Re-upload a series of images with the same file names (
The media library retains and display shows the old images as thumbnails and previews, even though they are deleted.
Obviously this problem is avoidable by adding images with distinct file names, but I wondered if there were some better way that works regardless of naming convention. Or something else that I'm completely missing?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


neoperl - flow, stop and go
Good news for environment
30 六月 2016
NEOPERL® flow regulator: excellent eco-balance
When you install a flow regulator in your shower head, you save water and energy. However, how much water and energy is consumed and how much CO2 emitted to produce the flow regulator in the first place? What is the relation between expenditures and savings?
An eco-balance study by the Technische Universität Berlin was conducted to answer these questions. The results could not be clearer. With the flow regulator in use for ten years, the resources consumed during its production process are recouped after a few days' use.
To see more detailed results, please go to our flow regulator section.


Does conditioner or oil really need to penetrate hair?
Oops I forgot to post this yesterday but here it is now! The question about whether oil or conditioner NEEDS to penetrate hair arises time and time again in the comments section and therefore I thought it deserved its own post.
Short Answer
No, the effectiveness of a hair conditioner or an oil is not based on whether it penetrates hair or not.
Long Answer
Different ingredients have different purposes, some work most effectively outside hair while others perform their best function inside hair. We also have to bear in mind that hair is individual, someone with bleached hair may require different ingredients than someone without it. Someone who regularly straightens their hair will require different ingredients too compared to someone who is heat free. Someone whose hair is drier and more prone to breakage, again will have different requirements to someone who really never experiences breakage.
 Penetrating vs Non-Penetrating Ingredients
Ingredient Situation Reason why it does not need to penetrate
Surfactants e.g behentrimonium chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, stearalkonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride Used in a hair conditioner - rinse out or deep conditioner These ingredients act on the surface of the cuticle to help smooth it down (remember that the negative charge in shampoo can raise the cuticle). They also soften the cuticle layer and when co-washing, these are the same ingredients needed to clean the surface of hair.
Hair softeners e.g the surfactants listed above, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, some polyquaterniums Used in hair conditioner - rinse out, deep conditioner or a leave in These ingredients again deposit on the surface of hair and soften the outside of hair..
Water During a wash or for moisture Water does not always have to penetrate hair. When cleaning hair, some water is necessary to wash extra product off. It can also help with creating slip for detangling when on the outer surface of hair. For proper moisture, some water needs to remain outside of the hair shaft to create a humidity barrier.
Silicones In a hair shampoo or conditioner - rinse out, deep conditioner or a leave in Silicones in shampoo counteract the cuticle raising of the negatively charge surfactants. This leads to less damage and breakage to hair while shampooing. In hair conditioner they add slip to the outer surface of hair allowing easier combing. They need to stay on the outside surface of hair to be effective for these purposes
Mineral oil In a leave in Mineral oil is known not to penetrate hair. It is useful as a barrier from humidity after hair has been appropriately moisturised with water, humectants and/or a leave in conditioner.
Hydrolysed protein In a hair conditoner Protein can act to patch breaks, flaws and chips in the cuticle. For this purpose, the protein should stay on the outside of the surface.
Humectants e.g aloe vera, glycerin, honey
Oil or butter e.g olive oil, jojoba oil, coconut oil, shea butter, castor oil etc
As as leave-in Both of these products when applied to the outside of hair help to create a humidity barrier and keep hair moisturised.
Ingredient Situation Reason why it needs to penetrate
Penetrating oils e.g coconut oil
As a pre-wash treatment on dry hair Given sufficient time, coconut oil can penetrate hair and prevent it from expanding too much when soaked in water during a wash - (use the search button, tons of great info on coconut oil)
Water During a wash, in a hair conditioner or when moisturising (dampening hair) When water penetrates hair it softens it. This can help when detangling hair, provided detangling is done with care. Trapping the water inside the hair is also the key to having moisturised hair.
Hydrolysed protein In a hair conditioner - rinse out, deep or leave in Protein of the right size can penetrate hair and help to strengthen it.
Ceramides In a hair shampoo or conditioner - rinse out, deep conditioner or a leave in Ceramides can penetrate hair in a shallow way, normally underneath the cuticle and just a little bit into the cortex. They act to replace the cuticle cement (a fatty acid complex that holds the multiple cuticle layers). In general hair that is relaxed or bleached benefits the most from ceramides as normal washing of hair in general does not greatly deplete the cuticle cement but some naturals do still like ceramides.
 1. Perfect timing!! This is the first time I'm hearing of using ceramides for hair. Do you have any info about specific products with ceramides? I'm the meantime, I see what I can dig up on my own.
 1. L'Oreal makes such products
 2. Hi JC, are ceramides useful for those with highly porous strands, even when natural?
 3. I used the L'Oreal restore 5 conditioner in the red and white bottle today, it has ceramides and I think (best to check yourself though) that it is 'cg' for anyone doing cg/cowashing.
 2. Thanks
 Your blog is always so useful!
 3. Very interesting article, I really like how you address the things that I haven't seen confronted and demystified elsewhere. I'd also love to know more about products where we can find helpful ceramides, and if they are present in oils (like rice bran) and can be used that way.
 4. Great comprehensive article, Jc!
 5. After reading your articles on dandruff, I found myself wondering what I should use as a deep conditioning prepoo; after learning that coconut oil, Shea butter...pretty much all of the great oils that soften my hair are ruled out for usage, I thought about Neem oil as an alternative DC prepoo.
 1.Would it be safe to use pure Neem oil as an overnight DC prepoo,or would that be dangerous? It seems like it has powerful anti-fungal properties, so strong that people mix it in carrier oils that feed Malassezia.
 2. Are there any oils, aside Neem oil, that people prone to dandruff can use as DC prepoo's?
 Just an observation, I've noticed that the natural care brand "Jason" has a dandruff treatment with the olive and jojoba oil in it which seems counter intuitive. :/
 Thank for all of your help. I've benefited so much from your expertise. As I am writing this comment I am trying the honey treatment you mentioned.
 1. I hope the honey works for you. For dandruff, I generally would recommend avoiding placing oils or any other products on your scalp for prolonged times. Things like doing an overnight DC can really irritate sensitive skin. If you perhaps focussed on just the ends, it may be ok but it is pretty hard to completely avoid the scalp especially if you intend to lie down at night.
 6. Thanks for the article! I mostly use argan oil from pro naturals to treat my hair and it penetrates really deeply.
 7. Hi Jc! This is not exactly related...but I believe I've read on here that DCing overnight with conditioner (or "prepooing" overnight) can lead to overmoisturizing the hair. Do you think the hair will react similarly if one uses conditioner as a leave-in?
 The more I think about it the more I'm led to believe that conditioner would be okay (as any leave-in will be waterbased) but I still wonder. I use a lot of conditioner/leave-in.
 1. Using a conditioner as a leave in will not have the same effect as keeping it on your hair overnight with a plastic cover to keep the conditioner wet. As a leave in the water content of the conditioner will naturally go down over the day.
 8. Great article! I've been looking over your blog and not only do you research things but you stay accurate. Thank you!
 9. What about conditioners with mineral oil in them? For example I hear some naturals and relaxer for that matter talk about Silicon Mix Conditioner as one of their staples. The ingredients are as follows: Water, Mineral Oil, Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Glycerine, Citric Acid, Cetrimonium Chloride, Dimethycone Copolyol, Cyclomethicone, Keratin, Ceramide, Diazolidinyl Urea (and) Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, Fragrance. Would the mineral oil in product allow the water to penetrate and then seal it in? I hope that I am making sense in asking this question
 1. Mineral oil does not prevent water entry into the hair, it does slow it down a little. I think everyone has to make their own choices about ingredients and the only way someone will know if it works or not, is to try it.
 10. Can I use a strengthening ceramide mask instead of clay for the max hydration of natural hair?
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To store the audit log in an additional third-party storage, to send a notification, or just monitor the "logged" events, implement an IAuditLogger with its single Log method and register it in the container (a name is required):
For more details on implementation, refer to the ElasticsearchAuditLogger GitHub project.
NOTE: The Log method is called synchronously during event handling, which means that the time your logging takes is added to the overall operation time (for example, to publishing an item). Plan carefully the performance implications and if needed, introduce some asynchronicity in your code. Alternatively, introduce an out-of-process message queue or a logging agent to ensure the quick completion of the operation.
To implement audit for your custom events or for Sitefinity's events not implemented out-of-the-box, either construct an AuditInfo instance and the Log method of all registered loggers:
Alternatively, register an event handler along with the corresponding converters as demonstrated by the following code:
To augment the logged event information, for instance loading additional information, implement an IAuditInfoProcessor with its single Process method and register it the container (the name is required).
Following is an example code that adds the display name of the current user (first name and last name) to each log entry:
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Partial Objects =============== A partial object is an object whose state is not fully initialized after being reconstituted from the database and that is disconnected from the rest of its data. The following section will describe why partial objects are problematic and what the approach of Doctrine2 to this problem is... note:: The partial object problem in general does not apply to methods or queries where you do not retrieve the query result as objects. Examples are: ''Query#getArrayResult()'', ''Query#getScalarResult()'', ''Query#getSingleScalarResult()'', etc... warning:: Use of partial objects is tricky. Fields that are not retrieved from the database will not be updated by the UnitOfWork even if they get changed in your objects. You can only promote a partial object to a fully-loaded object by calling ''EntityManager#refresh()'' or a DQL query with the refresh flag. What is the problem? -------------------- In short, partial objects are problematic because they are usually objects with broken invariants. As such, code that uses these partial objects tends to be very fragile and either needs to "know" which fields or methods can be safely accessed or add checks around every field access or method invocation. The same holds true for the internals, i.e. the method implementations, of such objects. You usually simply assume the state you need in the method is available, after all you properly constructed this object before you pushed it into the database, right? These blind assumptions can quickly lead to null reference errors when working with such partial objects. It gets worse with the scenario of an optional association (0..1 to 1). When the associated field is NULL, you don't know whether this object does not have an associated object or whether it was simply not loaded when the owning object was loaded from the database. These are reasons why many ORMs do not allow partial objects at all and instead you always have to load an object with all its fields (associations being proxied). One secure way to allow partial objects is if the programming language/platform allows the ORM tool to hook deeply into the object and instrument it in such a way that individual fields (not only associations) can be loaded lazily on first access. This is possible in Java, for example, through bytecode instrumentation. In PHP though this is not possible, so there is no way to have "secure" partial objects in an ORM with transparent persistence. Doctrine, by default, does not allow partial objects. That means, any query that only selects partial object data and wants to retrieve the result as objects (i.e. ''Query#getResult()'') will raise an exception telling you that partial objects are dangerous. If you want to force a query to return you partial objects, possibly as a performance tweak, you can use the ''partial'' keyword as follows:.. code-block:: php createQuery("select partial u.{id,name} from MyApp\Domain\User u"); You can also get a partial reference instead of a proxy reference by calling:.. code-block:: php getPartialReference('MyApp\Domain\User', 1); Partial references are objects with only the identifiers set as they are passed to the second argument of the ''getPartialReference()'' method. All other fields are null. When should I force partial objects? ------------------------------------ Mainly for optimization purposes, but be careful of premature optimization as partial objects lead to potentially more fragile code.


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Safe Landing is a 3-year policy and program development initiative that focuses in on the issues of long-term housing and aftercare for those who are exiting the sex trade, informed by those with lived experience. Safe Landing has been funded by Public Safety Canada, with support from the Nova Scotia Department of Justice. Specifically, Safe Landing seeks to:
The goals of Safe Landing are:
- To consult with marginalized communities and persons with lived experience of the sex trade to inform policies and practice.
- To faciliate housing opportunities that provide safe, supportive housing for victims of trafficking which meet their particular needs and address complex trauma.
- To develop resource materials, share knowledge through training and build capacity regionally and nationally to replicate similar programs.
Educational and Awareness Materials
All content was created through academic and grey literature reviews, as well as national and international scoping reviews, identity-community consultations and speaking with individuals with lived experience. These materials explain the indicators of sexual exploitation, a glossary of terminology used within the sex trade, and practice principles for supporting trafficked and exploited persons.


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Twenty Financial Services are currently recruiting for a Model Validation AVP for a Global Investment Bank based in London.
The main responsibility will be to validate models within market and counterparty credit risk but will also look at economic capital and operational risk models.
- Use statistical techniques and methods to validate models used by the investment bank
- Recommend model improvements where necessary, and document results from validation activity
- Ensure validation is in line with regulatory requirements and using the most up to date methodologies
- Reporting of model risk to committees and senior stakeholders
- Model validation or quantitative risk experience from an investment bank
- Knowledge of market risk and counterparty credit risk models
- Use of programming languages such as Python, Matlab, C++, R or VBA
- Traded product knowledge
- Strong educational background with a quant focussed degree


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Since Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance & Operations is a cloud-based ERP we cannot work with files on the AOS drive anymore. It was pretty usual to have file-based integrations in AX where you got a file in a folder and processed it.
Of course it's still possible to work with files, for example from a storage account on Azure like Miquel Vidal has shown in his blog (in Spanish) or with the Recurring Integrations Scheduler tool.
Unzip.NET Streams
So, how do we unzip one of these files? For example, the ISO20022 vendor payment journal file is zipped. What if we need to access the XML file contained in the ZIP?
We'll need to use the ZipArchive class from System.IO.Compression namespace, and it's really really easy. For example:
public MemoryStream unizpStream(MemoryStream _stream)
ZipArchive zipArchive = new ZipArchive(_stream);
MemoryStream retStream = new MemoryStream();
var enumerator = zipArchive.Entries.GetEnumerator();
entry = enumerator.Current;.
var unzippedStream = entry.Open();
Edit: this code is valid for a single file ZIP. If the zipped file contains more than one file you must process each Stream inside the while.
We need to copy the unzippedStream stream (which is a DeflateStream) to a MemoryStream (which must be initialized) before returning it.
Remember that to access a.NET collection we need to use an enumerator to loop through it. If you don't see the methods in the lookup using dot notation just write them, writing.NET code in X++ is still a bit buggy…


Vintage Dial Telephone
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In the days before cell phones and cordless phones, homes had dial telephones. To make this vintage toy dial telephone, you will need a small box, some dark paper, a few reinforcements (the kind used around holes in notebooks), and a two-legged paper fastener.
Cover the top and sides of the box with dark paper (or paint the box a dark color), then cut a slit about an inch long in the box cover.
Now make the telephone instrument itself. First fold a piece of paper in half and draw a diagram as shown in the small sketch. When this piece is unfolded, you have a telephone with a tab in the center. Insert the tab in the slit in the box cover.
To make the dial on the phone, cut a paper circle and paste ten reinforcement rings around the edge (or draw double circles, if you have no notebook reinforcements). On the circles, write numbers and letters that you can dial when you use the phone. Fasten the dial in place with a two-legged paper fastener.


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XmStringNCopy - A compound string function that creates a
copy of a compound string
XmString XmStringNCopy (s1, num_bytes)
XmStringNCopy creates a copy of s1 that contains a specified
number of bytes, including tags, directional indicators,
and separators. It then returns the resulting compound
string. The original strings are preserved. The
space for the resulting compound string is allocated
within the function. The application is responsible for
managing the allocated space. The memory can be recovered
by calling XmStringFree.
Specifies the compound string. Specifies the number of
bytes of s1 to copy. If this value is less than the length
of s1, as many bytes as possible, but possibly fewer than
this value, will be appended to s1 such that the resulting
string is still a valid compound string.
Returns a new compound string.
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Hornussen - Where the Nouss flies from the ramp and into the playing field.
At first glance, Hornussen appears to be a mixture of golf and baseball - and yet it is much more – it is a typically Swiss sport with a tradition reaching back to the 16th century.
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In order to expel spirits it used to be the custom to hit burning logs down from the mountain and into the valley. The sport of Hornussen is supposed to have originated from this ancient tradition and is a team game played by all ages without there being a basic social structure in place.
How the game is played
The batting team has to hit the Nouss (a kind of disk or puck) as far as possible into the opponent's area. The defending team has to stop the approaching Nouss as soon as possible by using a shingle or catch board. Usually two turns are played, and each turn, each team hits once and defends once. Each turn, every single player hits twice with three attempts. A game has no set length, and it takes about three to four hours to play two bouts. The team with the smallest number of penalisation points wins – i.e. having the smallest number of failed interceptions. In addition to the team rankings, the Swiss championships and festive occasions also provide for the ranking of individual strikers.
The Hornuss
The Hornuss or Nouss was originally a disk made of wood or horn which was hit into the playing field. There are several interpretations of the meaning of the word Hornuss and all refer to the "hornet-like" buzzing sound made by the Nouss. Measurements taken by the Biomechanical Institute at the ETH Zurich have shown that the Hornuss can reach speeds of up to 85 m/s (306 km/h), a cruising altitude of 50 to 70 metres and a flight range of up to 330 metres.
A betting game
When the game of Hornussen started, the losing party had to pay for afternoon refreshments after the match. Today, instead, bets are taken on the outcome, and are usually between 50 and 100 francs per game. Bets are also customary when the game is played on a friendly basis, which is why it is called a betting game. It is also common for individual players of similar skill levels to wager a beer on the number of points gained.
When Hornussen was first played, it was mainly a game for young single farmers. They met in the late summer / autumn to play on harvested fields against farmers from other villages. It is reported that such events enabled the players to pit their strength against each other and to regulate disputes between villages. Despite playful attempts at arbitration, the Hornussen games were often followed by wild brawls. The first written records of the Hornussen are found in church records from the 16th and 17th century, and the first known competitive Hornussen game took place in 1655 in Trub. In the late 19th century, a Hornussen association was formed and rules were set. In 1902, the national governing body (Eidgenössischer Hornusserverband) was founded. This national association and its regional sub-organisations organise the championships for the various leagues, the three-yearly national Hornussen festival, and the Hornussen matches at the national wrestling and Alpine festival as well as at other festivals.
Hornussen today
Hornussen is mainly played in the Mittelland cantons of Bern, Solothurn and Aargau. Hornussen enjoys popularity to this day, and despite the huge range of different sports on offer, is a great success – a success also explained by the close links between the sporting and traditional elements. In 2011 there were around 270 Hornussen groups with some 8,300 players organised in four special purpose associations and societies and affiliated with the national governing body.
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What Is the hiberfil.sys File?
Depending on the version of Windows you're using, you have several options for conserving power when you're not using your PC. Obviously, you can just shut it down. But, you can also send it into a sleep or hibernate mode, where it uses dramatically less power but is still available quickly when you need it. Sleep uses just enough power to maintain the information in your PC's memory. Hibernate conserves even more power by writing the information in memory out to the hard drive and essentially shutting down—the benefit being that bringing your PC back up is much quicker than bringing it up from a fully off state. That's where the hiberfil.sys file comes in—Windows writes the information in memory to that file.
RELATED: What's the Difference Between Sleep and Hibernate in Windows?
While we recommend using sleep or hibernation instead of shutting down your PC in most cases, we understand that many people simply prefer shutting down. In that case, disabling hibernate mode on your PC will allow you to delete that file and reclaim valuable disk space. And the file can use up quite a bit of space. How much depends on the amount of memory installed in your PC. In our example, the hiberfil.sys file is using a whopping 13 GB of disk space.
The technique for disabling hibernate mode is pretty much the same in Windows 10, 8, 7, and Vista. You'll need to use the Command Prompt in administrative mode to get it done, but it's just one simple command. Disabling hibernate mode automatically deletes the hiberfil.sys file.
Open Command Prompt by first hitting Start and typing "command prompt." When you see the Command Prompt app pop up, right-click it, and then choose "Run as administrator."
At the prompt, type the following command and then press Enter:
powercfg -h off
This command immediately disables hibernate mode, so you'll notice it's no longer an option from your shut down menu. And, if you visit File Explorer again, you'll see that the hiberfil.sys file has been deleted and all that disk space is yours once again.
If you change your mind and would like to enable hibernate mode again, just revisit the Command Prompt and use this command:
powercfg -h on
The Hibernate command should be available to you once again and Windows will recreate the hiberfil.sys file.
Disable Hibernate Mode in Windows XP
Disabling hibernate mode in Windows XP is a little different than in later versions of Windows. First, head to Control Panel > Power Options. In the Power Options properties window, switch to the "Hibernate" tab and disable the "Enable hibernation" option.
After you disable hibernate mode, restart your PC, and then you'll need to manually delete the hiberfil.sys file.
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text:
How to Breed Rare Hoola: A Comprehensive Guide
Welcome otw.cam! We're excited to share with you the secrets of breeding rare hoola. Get ready to dive into the fascinating world of hoola breeding and unlock the beauty of these elusive creatures.
🌟 Are you ready to embark on an extraordinary journey? 🌟
🚀 Let's explore the magical realm of rare hoola breeding and discover the wonders that await! 🌈
Greetings, otw.cam! Breeding rare hoola is an art that requires dedication, patience, and a deep understanding of these enchanting creatures. In this article, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to breed these elusive beings successfully.
👋 Hello, otw.cam! Are you ready to delve into the world of rare hoola breeding? Let's get started on this thrilling adventure together! 🌟
Before we begin, it's essential to understand the basics of hoola breeding. Hoolas are magical creatures known for their vibrant colors and graceful movements. Breeding rare hoola requires careful consideration of various factors, including their habitat, diet, and mating rituals.
Now, let's dive deeper into the strengths and weaknesses of breeding rare hoola, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of these magnificent creatures.
Strengths of Breeding Rare Hoola
1⃣ Unique Beauty: Rare hoolas possess mesmerizing colors and patterns, making them a visual spectacle. Their stunning appearance is sure to captivate any onlooker.
2⃣ Rarity: As the name suggests, rare hoolas are incredibly coveted due to their scarcity. Breeding them successfully allows you to be part of an exclusive club of hoola enthusiasts.
3⃣ Value: Rare hoolas are highly sought after by collectors and breeders alike. Their value can skyrocket, offering a potentially lucrative investment opportunity.
4⃣ Prestige: Owning a rare hoola brings prestige and admiration from fellow hoola enthusiasts. It's a symbol of expertise and dedication in the breeding community.
5⃣ Personal Satisfaction: Breeding rare hoolas can be a deeply fulfilling experience. Witnessing the growth and development of these magnificent creatures is an unparalleled joy.
6⃣ Contribution to Conservation: By successfully breeding rare hoolas, you play a vital role in preserving their species and ensuring their survival for future generations.
7⃣ Educational Value: Breeding rare hoolas offers an opportunity to learn more about their biology, behavior, and habitat. It's a journey of continuous discovery and growth.
Weaknesses of Breeding Rare Hoola
1⃣ Difficulty: Breeding rare hoolas can be a challenging task due to their specific breeding requirements. It demands extensive knowledge, experience, and attention to detail.
2⃣ Time-Consuming: Breeding rare hoolas requires patience as it can take a considerable amount of time for successful breeding to occur. It may test your perseverance.
3⃣ Financial Investment: Setting up an ideal breeding environment for rare hoolas can be costly. It involves expenses related to equipment, food, and maintenance.
4⃣ Uncertainty: Despite your best efforts, breeding rare hoolas is not always guaranteed to be successful. Factors such as genetics and environmental conditions can influence outcomes.
5⃣ Limited Market: While rare hoolas are highly valued, the market for them may be niche, making it challenging to find suitable buyers or trade partners.
6⃣ Emotional Attachment: As a breeder, it can be difficult to part ways with the hoolas you've nurtured and cared for. Saying goodbye to them can be an emotional experience.
7⃣ Ethical Responsibility: Breeding rare hoolas comes with a responsibility to ensure their well-being and proper care. It requires a commitment to their health and happiness.
Table: Complete Information on Breeding Rare Hoola
|Habitat||Provide a spacious and well-maintained environment with suitable temperature, lighting, and hiding spots.|
|Diet||Offer a balanced diet consisting of high-quality food, live prey, and essential supplements to meet their nutritional needs.|
|Mating Rituals||Understand the unique courtship behaviors and reproductive cycles of rare hoolas to enhance breeding success.|
|Genetic Compatibility||Ensure that potential breeding pairs have compatible genetics to avoid potential health issues in offspring.|
|Egg Incubation||Provide a suitable incubation environment with optimal temperature and humidity levels to ensure successful hatching.|
|Care for Hatchlings||Offer proper care, nutrition, and a nurturing environment for the young hoolas to thrive and grow.|
|Documentation||Maintain detailed records of breeding attempts, outcomes, and any notable observations to track progress and improve future breeding endeavors.|
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can rare hoolas be bred in captivity?
Yes, rare hoolas can be successfully bred in captivity with the right conditions and care.
2. What is the ideal temperature for breeding rare hoolas?
The ideal temperature for breeding rare hoolas ranges between 75°F and 85°F (24°C and 29°C).
3. How long does it take for rare hoolas to hatch?
The incubation period for rare hoola eggs is typically around 60 to 70 days.
4. Are rare hoolas aggressive towards their offspring?
No, rare hoolas are generally attentive and protective parents, exhibiting little to no aggression towards their offspring.
5. Can rare hoolas breed with other hoola species?
No, rare hoolas can only breed within their own species to maintain their distinct genetic characteristics.
6. Do rare hoolas require special lighting in their habitat?
Yes, rare hoolas benefit from UVB lighting to facilitate vitamin D synthesis and promote overall health.
7. How can I identify the gender of a rare hoola?
Gaining expertise in identifying gender-specific traits and behaviors is crucial for determining the gender of rare hoolas.
8. Can rare hoolas be bred year-round?
While rare hoolas can breed throughout the year, certain seasons or environmental cues may enhance breeding success.
9. Are there any specific precautions to take during hoola breeding?
Avoid introducing potential diseases or parasites by quarantining new hoolas before introducing them to your breeding population.
10. What should I do if my rare hoolas refuse to mate?
Ensure that all breeding requirements are met, consult with experienced breeders, and consider introducing new hoolas for increased genetic diversity.
11. Can rare hoolas breed multiple times in a year?
Yes, rare hoolas can breed multiple times within a year, but it's crucial to provide sufficient recovery time between breeding attempts.
12. How can I prevent inbreeding in my rare hoola population?
Maintain detailed records of genetic lineage, carefully plan breeding pairs, and introduce new bloodlines when necessary to avoid inbreeding.
13. Where can I find reputable breeders of rare hoolas?
Research online forums, reptile expos, and local breeders' associations to find reputable sources for acquiring rare hoolas.
🎉 Congratulations, otw.cam! You've now unlocked the secrets of breeding rare hoolas. It's time to put your newfound knowledge into action and witness the magic unfold. 🌟
In this article, we've explored the strengths and weaknesses of breeding rare hoola, provided a detailed breeding guide, and answered frequently asked questions. Remember, breeding these magnificent creatures requires dedication, patience, and a commitment to their well-being.
Now, it's your turn to embark on this remarkable journey and contribute to the preservation of these captivating creatures. Enjoy the wonders of rare hoola breeding and may your endeavors be filled with success and joy!
Closing Words and Disclaimer
💡 Breeding rare hoolas is a fascinating endeavor that requires expertise and responsible care. Always ensure that you are well-informed and prepared before embarking on this journey. Seek guidance from experienced breeders, consult reputable sources, and prioritize the welfare of these beautiful creatures.
📝 The information provided in this article is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered as professional breeding advice. Breeding rare hoolas involves inherent risks and requires adherence to ethical standards and legal regulations.
🌍 Remember to respect nature and support conservation efforts to protect the habitats of these incredible creatures. Let's work together to create a sustainable future for rare hoolas and their ecosystems. 🌿


6.5 C
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Friday, June 18, 2021
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On one hand, where the pandemic had gotten the whole world upside down, the work from home (WFH) culture had taken the internet on the roll. From memes to sharing the WFH moments on the internet, people sought all the opportune moments to deal with the global crisis in a mood-light way.
Amid all the dismay, however, one thing that gained tremendous popularity was Pyjama! While the clothing had been a go-to for so many around the world, the lockdown and WFH culture had gained it the status of 'the new cool.'
But here's research to your surprise that may make you think over slipping out of your PJs and hopping into something else, a clothing that is more put-together maybe. Australian researchers have established a link between working in the Pyjamas during the pandemic and deteriorating mental health.
On taking a look at the effects of wearing pyjamas while working, researchers found its astonishing association with recurrent reporting of poor mental health.
As per the study conducted by Australian researchers, 41% of people say that they experienced an enhancement in their productivity when working from home. However, more than one-third of the participants have reported a severe deterioration in their mental health.
Further, 59% of people who wore pyjamas at least once a week while working from home, admitted to experiencing a decline in mental health, as compared to 26% of those who did not wear pyjamas during the day.
Reportedly, researchers also suggest that clothing can have a significant impact on cognition and mental health. Here's how they explained it: "Although we cannot determine whether wearing pyjamas is the cause or consequence of deteriorating mental health, appreciation of the effect of clothing on cognition and mental health is increasing, as it has been observed in hospitalized patients."
It is also observed that if the patients are motivated to wear normal daytime clothes instead of pyjamas, it can add to their mental well-being and even decrease the effect of depression.
Researchers advise changing clothes before beginning the work with the view to lessen the negative effects that the pandemic restrictions have caused to our mental health.
They say, "The simple advice to get changed before beginning work in the morning might partially protect against the effects of Covid‐19 restrictions on mental health, and would be less expensive than the 'fashionable' sleep or loungewear gaining popularity as working from home becomes the norm."
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Macros are similar to the "auto correct" facility in Microsoft Word where a small string of text can be expanded into a sentence or even paragraphs of text. The macros can also be set up to use the prefixed number, eg so that 5@w expands to 'for 5 weeks'. They can also be set up to include relevant data like the customer's name so that _USER_ expands to 'Dear Joanna' (assuming that the current customer's first name is Joanna). Finally it is possible to call a report to generate text for things like a referral email that includes the patient's medical history.
Macros can be used in any text field. Note however that certain macros will be context dependent. For example, the _USER_ macro is designed for use when creating a Dispensing Label and uses information from the product record. If you use _USER_ when there is no current product, then the macro simply will not expand and the '3@bid' that you typed will be left unaltered.
You don't need to remember the macros, pressing Alt-M will display a Macro Select screen like that shown below. You can simply click on the macro you want to invoke it.
Note that the search facility searches both the code of the macros and their names. Hence entering say 'dg' will find all macros with code starting 'dg' and all macros whose name starts 'dg'.
The macros are set up by your administrator using the Administration|Lookups|Macro and Administration|Lookups|Report Macro facilities.
Macros can include {__} tokens that indicate text that needs to be replaced by the user. Pressing:
 - Ctrl - Right Arrow - jumps to the next token, and selects it
 - Ctrl - Left Arrow - jumps to the previous token, and selects it
This allows users to progressively fill in text. E.g. a macro could generate:
Reason: {__}
History: {__}
Current medications: {__}
What Preventative health cover is being used and do you need to purchase any today? {__}
Vaccination: {__}
Worming: {__}
Flea control: {__}
Heartworm Prevention: {__}
Examine: {__}
Mentation: {__}
Body condition score: {__}
MM: {__} CRT: {__}
HR: {__} RR: {__}
LN: {__}
Temperature: {__}
NOTE: this facility is not supported in the Mail editor.
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Namak Surma in English
Namak Surma meaning in Urdu to English is Stibnite Namak Surma. Namak Surma synonym words are included. Similar words of Namak Surma are also commonly used in daily talks like Namak halali, Namak hilali, Azaala namak karna, and Hello jain jaissa.
Similar Words with English Meaning
Similar Words with Urdu Meaning
Stibnite Definition & Meaning in English
- (n.) A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic luster, occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; -- called also antimony glance, and gray antimony.
Namak Surma Meaning in English
Urdu Word namak surma is commonly used in verbal communication or written narratives. namak surma meaning in English is Stibnite نمک سُرمہ. This Roman to Urdu Dictionary is helping those who want to learn the meaning of words from a reliable source. namak surma word meaning along with namak surma definition is given here for a better understanding of the meaning of that word. We have provided here the detailed definition of namak surma, it's meaning in English, and the correct pronunciation of the word.
Dictionary always plays a vital role in learning a new language as knowing the exact use of the word is important. Find the correct meaning of namak surma in English with all the key details that include Pronunciation, Similar words, and more than 1 definition for better understanding. Namak halali, Namak hilali, Azaala namak karna, and Hello jain jaissa are similar words of namak surma. This Roman to English dictionary is more helpful to search the English meaning without any hassle.
Top Search Words Meaning In Urdu
Browse English Words by Alphabets
Multi Language Dictionary


Javascript Dates, Y2K etc.
The treatment of the year value in Javascript dates is incompatible between Netscape 4 (Javascript 1.3 and ECMAScript) on the one hand, and Netscape 3 (Javascript 1.2) on the other hand. The question then arises, whether we can deduce the correct year from the value of date.getYear(), without needing to know which version of Javascript we're dealing with. Netscape 2 just covers a restricted date range, and needs no additional consideration here re. coding.
It's amusing that many of the free "cargo cult" Javascripts found on the web, despite their baroque complexity, don't work for even one version of Javascript, outside of the range _PHONE_, presumably because the authors couldn't be bothered to RTFM before starting to write their code.
Of course, the actual problem goes away in Netscape 4/ECMAScript, because you can use getFullYear to get a clearly defined answer. But if we want the code to run without modifications or extra tests on NS3 (and NS2 where applicable), this would not do.
A pertinent answer is given in the Javascript FAQ and, I'm tickled to see, gives the same getYear()-based solution that I deduced for myself.
What the specs say
Netscape 3 (Javascript 1.2):
The getYear method returns either a 2-digit or 4-digit year:
For years between and including 1900 and 1999, the value returned by getYear is the year minus 1900. For example, if the year is 1976, the value returned is 76.
For years less than 1900 or greater than 1999, the value returned by getYear is the four-digit year. For example, if the year is 1856, the value returned is 1856. If the year is 2026, the value returned is 2026.
Netscape 4 (ECMAScript, Javascript 1.3)
Year minus 1900
I don't see any mention of years BC, so it's possible that they aren't dealt with; any attempt to deal with them would mean that you couldn't tell the difference between say 1800 (for which Netscape 4 would return a getYear of -100) and a certain year BC (for which Netscape 3 would presumably return -100, though I don't find this actually documented). So let's exclude years BC from our consideration.
Also, I've made no attempt to consider what happened as a result of the calendar change in 1752 (nor any calendar changes before that). John Stockton commented on Usenet:
1582/3 is not special to javascript; nor is 1752 (except that javascript can represent dates which did not occur everywhere).
Netscape documentation for Netscape 3, as already noted, says that except for years _PHONE_, it returns a "4-digit" year. This seems to limit the range of applicability to the years 1000-9999AD. There is no clear statement of what happens for years outside this range. So let's exclude those from our considerations too.
On that basis:
Let's set an upper cutoff year of 2899. Then values of getYear of 2000 upwards can only occur with JS1.2 and we don't add 1900.
To cut a long story short: if we test getYear against 1000, then lower values (i.e 0-999 and negative values) should have 1900 added to them, whereas other values should be left unchanged. This will then cover the period AD1000 to 2899, assuming that browsers behave as documented. If the answer lies outside of this range then it could be incorrect (although it might be correct, but we'd need to check the version to find out). However, you might want to avoid tangling with dates in 1752 or earlier, to avoid needing to understand possible issues from calendar change(s)!
Final remarks
OK, this was just a bit of pedantic fun. Anyone spot any errors in the logic? Please let me know.
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When it comes to taking images of a high-quality, having a DSLR sensor that is clean is really necessary. Over time, grit, dust, and other particles can collect on the sensor, which can cause blotches and other imperfections to appear on the photographs you take. Cleaning your camera's sensor on a regular basis is required to preserve the functionality of your photographic equipment and provide the highest possible image quality. In this post, we will walk you through the steps necessary to successfully clean the sensor of your DSLR camera and offer advice on how to maintain your camera equipment clean.
Being Aware of the Significance of Keeping Your DSLR Sensor Clean
The image-capture mechanism of your DSLR camera revolves around the sensor, which serves as its brain. It is made up of millions of extremely small pixels, each of which can detect light and capture a picture. The quality of your images may suffer if there are any dust particles, smudges, or debris on the sensor. This may manifest as apparent spots or imperfections in the captured image. Consequently, maintaining a clean sensor in your DSLR is essential if you want to produce photographs that are crisp and error-free.
Making Preparations for the Cleaning of Sensors
It is crucial to make some preparations before beginning the process of cleaning the sensor, including the following:
- Completely charge your camera's battery to guarantee that it will continue to work normally throughout the cleaning procedure.
- Find a location that is free of dust and debris, ideally one that is inside, to reduce the likelihood that further dust particles may congregate on the sensor.
- Take off any lenses that are attached to the camera, then put the cap on the body of the camera to keep the sensor safe.
Selecting Appropriate Cleaning Equipment and Supplies
You will want the following equipment in order to clean the sensor on your DSLR camera successfully:
- A blower, sometimes known as a blower bulb or an air blower, is a device that may be used to clean a sensor without directly touching it.
- Cleaning Swabs for Sensors These specialist swabs are meant for wet cleaning and removing stubborn dirt or smudges from the sensor. They are available in a variety of different colors.
- Sensor Cleaning Solution In addition to the cleaning swabs, a sensor cleaning solution is utilized in order to dissolve and eliminate any oily residues that may be present on the sensor surface.
Cleaning Methods for Digital Single Lens Reflex Cameras
Dry cleaning and wet cleaning are the two processes that are most frequently utilized for the cleaning of DSLR sensors. Let's go through each approach in further detail:
The technique of Dry Cleaning
When it comes to eliminating stray dust particles from the sensor, the dry cleaning approach is an effective choice. Proceed in the following manner:
- Follow the instructions that came with your camera to activate the mode that cleans the sensor of the camera. This mode prevents the user from adjusting the mirror and exposes the sensor so it may be cleaned.
- Make use of a blower bulb to direct air onto the surface of the sensor. Hold the camera so that the lens mount is pointing downwards. This will enable any dust that has been loosened to fall out of the camera.
- If required, carry out the procedure a few more times, taking care not to contact the sensor surface or use an excessive amount of force.
Wet Cleaning Method
When dry cleaning alone is not enough to get the job done, wet cleaning is the approach that is employed. The following is a guide for performing wet cleaning:
- Make sure that you are in an area that is sanitized and under control.
- Apply a few drops of sensor cleaning solution on a cleaning swab, and use it to moisten the swab. It is important to avoid getting the swab too wet.
- Swipe the cotton swab across the surface of the sensor in a single, consistent path, avoiding any lateral motions as much as possible. To avoid spreading bacteria from one area to another, you should start each swipe with a clean swab.
- If necessary, carry out the procedure once more, this time using clean swabs each time.
- Before reattaching the lens, you should give the sensor sufficient time to thoroughly dry.
Carrying out the Procedure for Cleaning the Sensors
Now, let's go through the process of cleaning the sensor on your DSLR in a step-by-step fashion:
First, ensure that the environment is spotless and free of any dust.
When doing the sensor cleaning, select a location that is well-lit, clean, and free of dust. Steer clear of places where there is a lot of air movement or where there could be sources of dust.
Step 2: Take the Lens Out of the Camera.
You may remove the lens from your camera by pushing the button labeled "lens release" and turning the lens in the opposite direction of the clock. Put on the camera body cap to keep any dirt or debris from entering the camera.
Step 3: Activate the Mode for Cleaning the Sensors
Find the option to clean the sensor by consulting the instruction booklet that came with your camera. Putting this option into action will disable the mirror, exposing the sensor so that it may be cleaned.
Step 4: Conduct an Examination of the Sensor
Utilize a sensor loupe or a source of strong light to examine the sensor in order to identify any apparent dust or dirt. Make a mental note of any obvious messes that need to be cleaned.
The fifth step is dry cleaning.
To remove any loose dust particles from the sensor surface, use a blower bulb to blow air onto the surface of the sensor gently. Take care not to contact the sensor with the blower, and avoid using too much power when you do so.
Wet Cleaning (If Necessary) is Step 6 in this Process.
Proceed with the procedure of wet cleaning that was explained before in the event that dry cleaning does not remove all of the stains. Utilize the proper cleaning solution in conjunction with the sensor cleaning swabs.
Reattach the Lens as the Seventh Step
After you have finished the cleaning procedure, reattach the lens to your camera in a cautious manner. Verify that the alignment is correct, and then secure it by turning it in a clockwise direction until it clicks into place.
Suggestions for the Avoidance of Sensor Dust
In addition to doing routine sensor cleaning, the following are some other things you can do to reduce the amount of dust that accumulates on the sensor of your DSLR:
- Always keep your lenses and camera body covered with caps while they are not in use to prevent dust from accumulating on them and causing damage. Caps can be purchased separately for both the lens and the camera body.
- Changing Lenses in Dusty Environments Should Be Avoided If at all feasible, you should avoid changing lenses in situations that are dusty or windy. Find somewhere that is tidy and out of the wind to change your lenses.
- Leave the Time Spent with the Camera Sensor Exposed to a Minimum When switching lenses; you should leave the camera sensor exposed for the smallest amount of time feasible to minimize the risk of dust getting into the camera.
- Maintain a Tidy Appearance in Your Camera Bag: It is important to clean your camera bag on a regular basis in order to eliminate any dust or dirt that can end up on your equipment.
- Ensure That Your Equipment Is Properly Stored: When you are not using your camera and lenses, ensure that they are kept in a spotless and dust-free environment by using a camera bag or a dry cabinet.
It is essential to regularly clean the sensor on your DSLR camera in order to preserve the image quality and achieve optimum performance. You can maintain the cleanliness of your photographic equipment and keep it free from unsightly smudges and blemishes if you take the necessary preventative steps and follow the recommended cleaning procedures. Always remember to treat your equipment with care, and if you need any particular instructions, consult the handbook that came with your camera.


(Arp, Mushroom Observer/Wikimedia/CC-BY-3.0)
A Man Injected Magic Mushroom 'Tea' Into His Veins, And Fungus Grew Inside Him
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14 JANUARY 2021
A man brewed a tea from "magic mushrooms" and injected the concoction into his veins; several days later, he ended up at the emergency department with the fungus growing in his blood.
The man spent 22 days in the hospital, with eight of those days in the intensive care unit (ICU), where he received treatment for multisystem organ failure.
Now released, he is still being treated with a long-term regimen of antibiotic and antifungal drugs, according to a description of the case published January 11 in the Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
The case didn't reveal whether injecting shroom tea can cause persistent psychoactive effects, as sometimes seen when people ingest the fungus orally, the doctors wrote in the report.
For example, in rare cases, people can develop a condition called hallucinogen-induced persisting perception disorder (HPPD), where they experience vivid flashbacks of their trip long after the fact, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse
The case "underscores the need for ongoing public education regarding the dangers attendant to the use of this, and other drugs, in ways other than they are prescribed," the doctors wrote.
Related: Healing herb? Marijuana could treat these 5 conditions
By injecting shrooms into his bloodstream, the 30-year-old patient had hoped to relieve symptoms of bipolar disorder and opioid dependence, according to the report. His family members noted that he had recently stopped adhering to his prescribed bipolar medications and was "cycling between depressive and manic states."
The man found online reports that described the potential therapeutic effects of hallucinogens, such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, which prompted him to boil down shrooms into a "mushroom tea."
He filtered the tea by drawing it through a "cotton swab" before injecting it into his body. In the following days, he became lethargic and nauseated, and his skin began to yellow. He soon developed diarrhea and began vomiting blood.
His family found him and took him to the emergency room, noting concern that he also seemed very confused. The doctors noted that he could not participate in a meaningful interview, due to his altered mental state.
Multiple organs, including the liver and kidneys, began to fail and the man was transferred to the ICU. His blood tested positive for a bacterial infection with the microbe Brevibacillus and a fungal infection from Psilocybe cubensis – meaning the magic mushroom he injected was now growing in his blood.
In addition to antibiotic and antifungal drugs, the man needed to be placed on a ventilator after he experienced acute respiratory failure, where fluid builds up in the air sacs of the lungs. Thankfully, the patient survived this ordeal and was later discharged from the hospital.
Research suggests that psilocybin may be a promising treatment for depressionanxiety and substance abuse, the authors noted – but only if taken safely.
In most research studies, scientists administer the drug in pill form, but in a few instances, doctors have delivered psilocybin via an intravenous injection, according to a 2018 report published in the journal Neuropharmacology.
But these injections are given in tightly controlled doses and under medical supervision, and they do not contain any fungi; the compound psilocybin, alone, is not alive and cannot grow in the body.
When used recreationally, magic mushrooms are typically made into a tea, eaten raw or dried, ground into a powder and put in capsules, or coated in chocolate – they are not injected directly into the bloodstream.
Shrooms induce mind-altering trips by interacting with certain receptors in the brain; specifically, the psilocybin breaks down into psilocin, a substance that acts like the brain chemical serotonin, which plays roles in mood and perception.
But a bad trip can trigger anxiety, fear and confusion, as well as elevated blood pressure, vomiting, headaches and stomach cramps, Live Science previously reported.
Magic mushrooms carry an added risk because they resemble some species of poisonous mushroom, so people sometimes consume the wrong kind by mistake.
Several US cities have decriminalized psilocybin, and in November 2020, Oregon moved to legalize its use as a therapeutic drug, CNBC reported.
As of now, psilocybin is still classified as a "Schedule I substance" under federal law, meaning that the drug has no accepted medical use in the US and has a "high potential for abuse."
However, current research suggests that this potential for abuse has been historically overestimated and is actually quite low, according to the 2018 Neuropharmacology report.
Related content:
Psychiatry's new guide: 6 things you should know
10 of the strangest medical studies (in recent history, that is)
Hypersex to hoarding: 7 new psychological disorders


The Me-Dam Me-Phi Festival
- January 31, 2020
Illustration: Rajib Das
What happens to departed souls?
The dead linger as ancestors for a short period after death, and later traverse into heaven uniting with the Supreme Being. Here, they look after their earthly family and shower them with their blessings for all of eternity. At least, this is what the Ahom community of Assam believes.
Me-Dam Me-Phi is a community festival celebrated by the Ahom people for over 400 years, in memory of their dearly departed. 'Me' means offering, 'Dam' means ancestors and 'Phi' means god.
The festival is celebrated privately by families in their kitchen and publicly by the community at Charaideo, Assam, which was the burial site for the kings of the Ahom dynasty in the 13th century. As a part of the rituals, a special pillar called 'Damkhuta' is set up, which serves as the focal point of the offerings. Delicacies such as homemade wine, mah-prasad (beans and chickpeas), and rice with egg, meat and fish are offered.
Every year, January 31st is observed as a state holiday in Assam on the occasion of Me-Dam Me-Phi.
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My T'ai Chi teacher, Master Xu, has a way of describing athletes who become really good at basic skills, but never get beyond using physical force to be successful at their sport or activity. "Top of their class in grade school," he would say, with laughter in his eyes. Basic skills are key to efficiency, relaxation, and form. The key is to integrate these skills into every movement and to trust that each movement does its part.
More: 4 Basic Running Tips for Beginners
In running terms, "grade school" can be thought of as the time spent improving your running technique. Once you're running more efficiently and comfortably, you can begin to build distance—the "middle school" phase. With good running technique under your belt and a solid conditioning base, you are fully prepared to graduate to "college," or a half marathon or full marathon distance.
More: Chi Running and the Art of the Long Run
Every year, the number of runners choosing "college" continues to climb. Endurance running is a challenging way to reach physical and mental goals, and it can be a life-changing and joyful experience. Unfortunately, just as an unprepared student struggles when he or she moves up to the next level too quickly, so does a runner who takes on too much with an unprepared body and mind. Injury, disappointment, and an unfinished race are just a few consequences of inadequate training.
If you're a beginner runner considering a half or full marathon, a seasoned distance runner, or a performance athlete looking to improve your race times, Chi Running offers an effective way to train for longer distances. Traditional training strategies are to run, run, and run some more. These philosophies are only about increasing mileage so you can finish your race. Simply completing the distance is a great goal, but the Chi Running philosophy believes you can do a lot more than just cross the finish line. You can set a new PR, spend little to no time recovering... and do it all with a smile.
More: 10 Tips to Run Better and Recover Faster
This is why "grade school," or the preparation phases of your training, is even more important than running endless miles. As you train for your next distance event, follow these seven manageable phases laid out in Chi Marathon: The Breakthrough Natural Running Program for a Pain-free Half Marathon and Marathon, Chi Running's course curriculum for mindful, productive training:
Visioning and Planning
Take time to plan your goals for training and the race itself. Ask yourself why you want to take on the half or full marathon distance. Real purpose helps motivate us and makes training and racing more fulfilling.
Learn the Chi Running technique and practice specific Form Focuses on every run. You'll begin to sense Chi (energy) in your body and learn that tension (and pain) is where chi is not flowing, where injury might occur, and how to relax and make the right adjustments.
More: Chi Running for Beginners


1–2000.
January Minimums, 1981–2010 compared to 1971–2000. January Minimums, 1981–2010 compared to 1971–2000. Credit: NOAA.
In the two images above you can see the differences between the old normals (1971 to 2000) and the new normals. The top image shows changes in July maximum temperatures. The bottom shows changes in January minimum temperatures. Warmer temperature changes are orange and red. Cooler temperature changes are blue.
A few notables:
 - On average, the contiguous US experienced the lowest temperatures on January nights and the highest temperatures on July days.
 - Both January minimum temps and July maximum temps changed in the past three decades—though not equally.
 - Parts of the Great Plains, the Mississippi Valley, and the Northeast experienced slightly cooler July maximums from 1981–2010 compared to 1971–2000 (top map).
 - Far more striking are the January minimums (bottom map). Nighttime January temps were higher everywhere except the Southeast. Warmer nights were most pronounced in the northern plains and northern Rocky Mountains.
 - In some places the new normal were several degrees warmer than the old normal.
On a state-by-state basis, the annual average minimum (left) and maximum (right) temperatures across the United States are warmer in the _PHONE_ Climate Normals than in the _PHONE_ version. Credit: NOAA.On a state-by-state basis, the annual average minimum (left) and maximum (right) temperatures across the United States are warmer in the _PHONE_ Climate Normals than in the _PHONE_ version. Credit: NOAA.
As you can see in the maps above, based on average year-round temperatures, every state experienced warmer temperatures in 1981–2010 compared to 1971–2000.
A few pros and cons of a warming US:
 - Fire season is now longer due to warmer nights.
 - Pollination patterns are changing, with flowering plants blooming an average of one day earlier each decade.
 - Warmer nights and later onset of freezing days also means plants are shifting farther north.
 - Warmer temperatures pose hazards to plants by enabling pests (pine bark beetle and wooly adelgid) to thrive in places where cold winters previously froze them.
Standing dead trees—pine beetle damage—in a patch of forest in the mountains near Granby, Colorado. Warmer winters are allowing the destructive insect to thrive. The pine beetle has infested 1.5 million acres of lodgepole pine in Colorado. Credit: NOAA.Standing dead trees from pine beetle damage, seen in a patch of forest in the Rocky Mountains. Warmer winters are allowing the destructive insects to thrive, infesting 1.5 million acres of lodgepole pine in Colorado. Credit: NOAA.
Eastern hemlocks killed by an infestation of woolly adelgids. Credit: William M. Ciesla, via NOAA.Eastern hemlocks killed by an infestation of woolly adelgids. Credit: William M. Ciesla, via NOAA.
Exxon's Pipeline Problem
| Wed Jul. 6, 2011 11:41 AM GMT
As we noted Tuesday, Montana is dealing with an oil spill in the Yellowstone River. But it looks like ExxonMobil hasn't been exactly honest about its response to the spill. The Associated Press reports that the company took almost twice as long to respond to the spill in the river as it initially claimed:
It also appears that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)—the division of the Department of Transportation that oversees pipelines—has found problems with the pipeline before, as Reuters reports:
The agency said the valves did not have a means for clearly indicating whether they were opened or closed. As a result "there was fresh crude oil on the soil immediately adjacent to the valves," PHMSA said in its warning letter.
It also faulted Exxon for not following up in a timely manner on atmospheric corrosion issues that were identified during three years of corrosion surveys on the pipeline.


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Why the Minutemen?
Prior to the late 1960s and early 1970s Massachusetts athletic teams were known as the Redmen, and before that squads were named the Aggies.
In the spring of 1972, a group of American Indians from New York wrote a letter to the school's administration asking them if they were aware of "defamatory" connotations of the word Redmen and if they would curtail the use of the word. One portion of the letter referred to "undesirable racial connotations of the Redmen nickname."
The administration replied to this letter by asking all campus personnel and media to refrain from the use of the word Redmen as much as possible. The Student Senate resolved that the nickname connoted a stereotype of violence and savagery and created a "false picture of American history."
The nickname, which began being used by the University with the 1972-73 academic year, has a historical and patriotic relationship with Massachusetts. It is a name that is uniquely linked with the Commonwealth.
As women's athletic programs evolved on campus in the 1970s, those teams became known as the Minutewomen.
Massachusetts Minutemen is a word combination with eye and ear appeal. The combination lodges quickly in the mind and falls easily from the lips.
Thus the name: The Massachusetts Minutemen.


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Foam dressings for treating pressure ulcers
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Background: Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure injuries and bed sores, are localised areas of injury to the skin or underlying tissues, or both. Dressings made from a variety of materials, including foam, are used to treat pressure ulcers. An evidence-based overview of dressings for pressure ulcers is needed to enable informed decision-making on dressing use. This review is part of a suite of Cochrane Reviews investigating the use of dressings in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Each review will focus on a particular dressing type. Objectives: To assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of foam wound dressings for healing pressure ulcers in people with an existing pressure ulcer in any care setting. Search methods: In February 2017 we searched: the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase; EBSCO CINAHL Plus and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED). We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies, and scanned reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses and health technology reports to identify additional studies. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication or study setting. Selection criteria: Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs, that compared the clinical and cost effectiveness of foam wound dressings for healing pressure ulcers (Category/Stage II or above). Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently performed study selection, risk of bias and data extraction. A third reviewer resolved discrepancies between the review authors. Main results: We included nine trials with a total of 483 participants, all of whom were adults (59 years or older) with an existing pressure ulcer Category/Stage II or above. All trials had two arms, which compared foam dressings with other dressings for treating pressure ulcers. The certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low due to various combinations of selection, performance, attrition, detection and reporting bias, and imprecision due to small sample sizes and wide confidence intervals. We had very little confidence in the estimate of effect of included studies. Where a foam dressing was compared with another foam dressing, we established that the true effect was likely to be substantially less than the study's estimated effect. We present data for four comparisons. One trial compared a silicone foam dressing with another (hydropolymer) foam dressing (38 participants), with an eight-week (short-term) follow-up. It was uncertain whether alternate types of foam dressing affected the incidence of healed pressure ulcers (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.75) or adverse events (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.25), as the certainty of evidence was very low, downgraded for serious limitations in study design and very serious imprecision. Four trials with a median sample size of 20 participants (230 participants), compared foam dressings with hydrocolloid dressings for eight weeks or less (short-term). It was uncertain whether foam dressings affected the probability of healing in comparison to hydrocolloid dressings over a short follow-up period in three trials (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.34), very low-certainty evidence, downgraded for very serious study limitations and serious imprecision. It was uncertain if there was a difference in risk of adverse events between groups (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.11), very low-certainty evidence, downgraded for serious study limitations and very serious imprecision. Reduction in ulcer size, patient satisfaction/acceptability, pain and cost effectiveness data were also reported but we assessed the evidence as being of very low certainty. One trial (34 participants), compared foam and hydrogel dressings over an eight-week (short-term) follow-up. It was uncertain if the foam dressing affected the probability of healing (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.28), time to complete healing (MD 5.67 days 95% CI -4.03 to 15.37), adverse events (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.65) or reduction in ulcer size (MD 0.30 cm2 per day, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.75), as the certainty of the evidence was very low, downgraded for serious study limitations and very serious imprecision. The remaining three trials (181 participants) compared foam with basic wound contact dressings. Follow-up times ranged from short-term (8 weeks or less) to medium-term (8 to 24 weeks). It was uncertain whether foam dressings affected the probability of healing compared with basic wound contact dressings, in the short term (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.88) or medium term (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.72), or affected time to complete healing in the medium term (MD -35.80 days, 95% CI -56.77 to -14.83), or adverse events in the medium term (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.05). This was due to the very low-certainty evidence, downgraded for serious to very serious study limitations and imprecision. Reduction in ulcer size, patient satisfaction/acceptability, pain and cost effectiveness data were also reported but again, we assessed the evidence as being of very low certainty. None of the included trials reported quality of life or pressure ulcer recurrence. Authors' conclusions: It is uncertain whether foam dressings are more clinically effective, more acceptable to users, or more cost effective compared to alternative dressings in treating pressure ulcers. It was difficult to make accurate comparisons between foam dressings and other dressings due to the lack of data on reduction of wound size, complete wound healing, treatment costs, or insufficient time-frames. Quality of life and patient (or carer) acceptability/satisfaction associated with foam dressings were not systematically measured in any of the included studies. We assessed the certainty of the evidence in the included trials as low to very low. Clinicians need to carefully consider the lack of robust evidence in relation to the clinical and cost-effectiveness of foam dressings for treating pressure ulcers when making treatment decisions, particularly when considering the wound management properties that may be offered by each dressing type and the care context.
- Public Health [70 items ]


in this way: host$ virsh start --console vsockguest ncat like It's possible to use socat like ncat, transferring stdin and stdout via VSOCK. Guest listening In this example we start socat in the guest listening on port 1234: guest$ socat - VSOCK-LISTEN:1234 Then we connect from the host using the CID 42 assigned to the VM: host$ socat - VSOCK-CONNECT:42:1234 At this point we can exchange characters between guest and host, since stdin and stdout are linked through the VSOCK socket. Host listening In this example we do the opposite, starting socat in the host listening on port 1234: host$ socat - VSOCK-LISTEN:1234 Then, in the guest, we connect to the host using the well defined CID 2. It's always used to reach the host: guest$ socat - VSOCK-CONNECT:2:1234 ssh over VSOCK The coolest feature of socat is to concatenate sockets of different address families, so in this example we redirect ssh traffic through VSOCK socket exposed by the VM. This example could be useful if the VM doesn't have any NIC attached and we want to provide some network connectivity, like the ssh access. First of all, in the guest we start socat linking the VSOCK socket listening on port 22, to a TCP socket which will connect to the local TCP port 22 where the ssh server is listening: guest$ socat VSOCK-LISTEN:22,reuseaddr,fork TCP:localhost:22 On the host we link a TCP socket listening on a port of our choice (e.g. 4321) to the guest port 22 just opened using VSOCK: host$ socat TCP4-LISTEN:4321,reuseaddr,fork VSOCK-CONNECT:42:22 Finally from the host we can connect to the guest using ssh on the local port 4321, where socat is listening: host$ ssh -p 4321 root@localhost socat redirects all the traffic between the sockets and allow us to use ssh over VSOCK to reach the guest. Fri, 22 Jan 2021 14:16:04 +0000 (Stefano Garzarella) QEMU project: Configuring virtio-blk and virtio-scsi Devices The previous article in this series introduced QEMU storage concepts. Now we move on to look at the two most popular emulated storage controllers for virtualization: virtio-blk and virtio-scsi. This post provides recommendations for configuring virtio-blk and virtio-scsi and how to choose between the two devices. The recommendations provide good performance in a wide range of use cases and are suitable as default settings in tools that use QEMU. Virtio storage devices Key points Prefer virtio storage devices over other emulated storage controllers. Use the latest virtio drivers. Virtio devices are recommended over other emulated storage controllers as they are generally the most performant and fully-featured storage controllers in QEMU. Unlike emulations of hardware storage controllers, virtio-blk and virtio-scsi are specifically designed and optimized for virtualization. The details of how they work are published for driver and device implementors in the VIRTIO specification. Virtio drivers are available for Linux, Windows, and other operating systems. Installing the latest version is recommended for the latest bug fixes and performance enhancements. If virtio drivers are not available, the AHCI (SATA) device is widely supported by modern x86 operating systems and can be used as a fallback. On non-x86 guests the default storage controller can be used as a fallback. Comparing virtio-blk and virtio-scsi Key points Prefer virtio-blk in performance-critical use cases. Prefer virtio-scsi for attaching more than 28 disks or for full SCSI support. With virtio-scsi, use scsi-block for SCSI passthrough and otherwise use scsi-hd. Two virtio storage controllers are available: virtio-blk and virtio-scsi. virtio-blk The virtio-blk device presents a block device to the virtual machine. Each virtio-blk device appears as a disk inside the guest. virtio-blk was available before virtio-scsi and is the most widely deployed virtio storage controller. The virtio-blk device offers high performance thanks to a thin software stack and is therefore a good choice when performance is a priority. It does not support non-disk devices such as CD-ROM drives. CD-ROMs and in general any application that sends SCSI commands are better served by the virtio-scsi device, which has full SCSI support. SCSI passthrough was removed from the Linux virtio-blk driver in v5.6 in favor of using virtio-scsi. Virtual machines that require access to many disks can hit limits based on availability of PCI slots, which are under contention with other devices exposed to the guest, such as NICs. For example a typical i440fx machine type default configuration allows for about 28 disks. It is possible to use multi-function devices to pack multiple virtio-blk devices into a single PCI slot at the cost of losing hotplug support, or additional PCI busses can be defined. Generally though it is simpler to use a single virtio-scsi PCI adapter instead. virtio-scsi The virtio-scsi device presents a SCSI Host Bus Adapter to the virtual machine. SCSI offers a richer command set than virtio-blk and supports more use cases. Each device supports up to 16,383 LUNs (disks) per target and up to 255 targets. This allows a single virtio-scsi device to handle all disks in a virtual machine, although defining more virtio-scsi devices makes it possible to tune for NUMA topology as we will see in a later blog post. Emulated LUNs can be exposed as hard disk drives or CD-ROMs. Physical SCSI devices can be passed through into the virtual machine, including CD-ROM drives, tapes, and other devices besides hard disk drives. Clustering software that uses SCSI Persistent Reservations is supported by virtio-scsi, but not by virtio-blk. Performance of virtio-scsi may be lower than virtio-blk due to a thicker software stack, but in many use cases, this is not a significant factor. The following graph compares 4KB random read performance at various queue depths:


text:
Use of Management Accounting Practices in Carbon Emission Management: Evidence from Australian Companies
Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government,
2015, Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 5-22
AbstractThis study examines the use of management accounting practices by companies in managing carbon emission issues. The sample consists of 69 Australian companies that participated in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) 2009 survey. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of survey responses are conducted. In this investigation, relative absence of the use of accounting practices was uncovered. Given that the companies examined were large companies and the majority of them operated in carbon intensive or climate change exposed sectors, it is likely that this under-utilisation of accounting practices translates into a corresponding under-performance in carbon emission management. Acknowledgement: This paper is drawn from Kumarasiri' s (2015) unpublished PhD thesis.
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