text:
Source Newsroom: University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Newswise — HOUSTON — Adults with a New Year resolution to eat healthier foods that can potentially lower cancer risks are invited to participate in the 2013 Healthy Bites nutrition challenge, developed by experts at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
"Eating the right foods and staying at a healthy weight can help reduce a person's chances of cancer," said Mary Ellen Herndon, a wellness dietitian at MD Anderson. "But, maintaining a healthy diet can be difficult. That's why we created the Healthy Bites program."
Focus on small diet changes
To be launched in January 2013, Healthy Bites encourages participants to make small diet changes by completing one nutrition challenge each month in 2013. Challenges include:
1. Eat breakfast daily.
2. Eat every 5-6 hours while you're awake.
3. Eat more whole grains.
4. Make MyPlate your plate. (The U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrition guide)
5. Limit red meat consumption.
6. Drink more water.
7. Avoid processed meat.
8. Dine out less.
9. Eat more fruits and veggies.
10. Eat plant-based protein.
11. Eat less salt.
12. Drink less alcohol.
"Research shows that successful nutrition programs focus on small changes," Herndon said. "It's these small changes that can lead to larger, more impactful behavior change."
Get nutrition support and advice
People who join Healthy Bites will have access to MD Anderson nutrition materials, food journals, healthy recipes and expert tips to help them complete each month's challenge.
"Educate yourself and plan, plan, plan!" said Lyle Rhymes, a participant who completed the "eat less salt" challenge earlier this fall. Lyle is one of 12 recruited participants who successfully completed one of the Healthy Bites challenges listed above.
"Completing this challenge was eye-opening for me," Rhymes said. "I realized just about everything we consume has salt. So, you really have to plan your daily diet."
Stories and videos featuring Rhymes and the 11 other participants will be posted each month on the Healthy Bites website. They'll share their favorite part of the challenge, obstacles they faced and advice for success to help motivate future participants.
Join this challenge
For more information, including details on how to join the challenge, visit _URL_
According to the American Cancer Society, diet and physical activity, including being overweight or obese, contribute to one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States each year. Maintaining a plant-based diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and beans, and being physically active are some of the best ways to reduce cancer risks.
About MD Anderson
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston ranks as one of the world's most respected centers focused on cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is one of only 41 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. For nine of the past 11 years, including 2012, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in "Best Hospitals," a survey published annually in U.S. News & World Report.


text:
Use of a Flapper-Nozzle Valve for Axial Piston Pump Control 911817
A mathematical model of an axial piston pump with a flapper-nozzle valve was developed. The first stage was dynamically stable, and calculated values of first-stage gain and dynamic response agreed well with experimental values. Linearized relations were produced for each component part and were combined to form the total state-variable representation of the model. The open loop system, the combined axial piston pump and flapper-nozzle valve, exhibited dynamic instability. However, when the feedback loop was augmented by the output pressure differential, stability was achieved.
From the time responses of the augmented optimal control system, we observed that an increase of input current had little effect on the system response. Doubling the discharge flow rate doubled the overshoot, and an increase in the discharge volume slowed down the system responses. Increasing rotational speed of the pump produced a higher overshoot and a slower response.
The performance of an axial piston pump with a flapper-nozzle valve used as a controller was compared to the performances of such a pump with a four-way hydraulic valve, a single-stage electrohydraulic servovalve, and a two-stage electrohydraulic servovalve used as controllers. We found the combination of a flapper-nozzle valve and an axial piston pump to be superior to other combinations in terms of the balance between pressure-time response and maximum pressure overshoot.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Ford anticipates 40% of its global vehicle volume to be all-electric by 2030; spending to $30+B by 2025, IonBoost batteries
Chalmers study: ban on sales of fossil-fuel cars greatly reduces lifecycle GHG mainly due to tailpipe emissions; risk of carbon leakage in manufacturing
PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen now in series production
PEUGEOT has become one of the first manufacturers to offer in series production, from 2021 onwards in the compact utility van segment, an electric version powered by a hydrogen fuel cell in addition to its battery-electric version.
The new PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen includes a new mid-power plug-in hydrogen fuel cell electric system, specific to STELLANTIS. Based on the EMP2 (Efficient Modular Platform), the new PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen is a fully electric vehicle, combining two on-board sources of electrical energy. The vehicle includes:
 - A hydrogen fuel cell, located in the engine compartment at the front of the vehicle, which supplies electricity to the electric engine by recombining the hydrogen contained in the tank with oxygen from the air. It emits only water vapor through the exhaust pipe.
 - A permanent magnet electric motor with a maximum power of 100 KW, delivering 260 N·m of maximum torque. Located on the front axle, this electric drive train is similar to that of the PEUGEOT e-EXPERT (battery-electric model), which stands out in particular with a gearbox adapted to the loading constraints inherent to the use of commercial vehicles.
 - A high-voltage lithium-ion battery, located under the cab seats, with a capacity of 10.5 kWh and a power of 90 kW.
 - A three-phase on-board charger of 11 kW, located in the engine compartment.
 - A tank system consisting of 3 hydrogen storage tanks located under the floor, with a total capacity of 4.4 kg at a pressure of 700 bar.
The new PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen can fill up with hydrogen in 3 minutes for a range of more than 400 km in the WLTP homologation cycle (currently undergoing approval).
The different operating phases of the mid-power plug-in hydrogen fuel cell electric system are:
 - At start-up and at low speed, the high-voltage battery alone provides the electric engine with the power it needs for traction.
 - At steady speed the fuel cell supplies the energy directly to the electric motor.
 - During acceleration, overtaking or hill climbing the fuel cell and the high-voltage battery are combined to supply energy to the motor.
 - During braking and deceleration, the electric motor recharges the high-voltage battery.
The new PEUGEOT e-Expert Hydrogen offers 3 driving modes from the mode selector:
 - Eco (60 kW, 190 N·m): for better range
 - Normal (80 kW, 210 N·m): optimal for everyday use
 - Power (N·m) to optimize performance when carrying heavy loads.
Two braking modes are available, with suitable battery regeneration:
 - Moderate, for a similar feeling to a combustion engine vehicle
 - Increased (accessible via the "B" push button for "Brake" located on the gearbox control), for enhanced deceleration when the accelerator pedal is released
The high-voltage battery is guaranteed for 8 years or 160,000 km for at least 70% of its charge capacity.
The van features up to 6.1m³ load volume, up to 1100 kg payload, and up to 1000 kg towing capacity.
The new PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen will first be offered to professional customers (direct sales), in France and Germany, from the end of 2021. It will be produced in France, in Valenciennes, and then transformed in the Stellantis competence center dedicated to hydrogen technology in Germany, in Rüsselsheim.
The compact van segment market represents more than 750,000 vehicles per year in Europe. The PEUGEOT Expert has increased its market share every year since its launch in 2016.
This technology can help to reduce in the medium term the massive demand a transition to long range BEVs only, where the need for rapid increases in output is phenomenal, far, far greater than those required to go to a very high proportion of solar and wind in the grid;
' The metal resource needed to make all cars and vans electric by 2050 and all sales to be purely battery-electric by 2035. To replace all UK-based vehicles today with electric vehicles (not including the LGV and HGV fleets), assuming they use the most resource-frugal next-generation NMC 811 batteries, would take 207,900 tonnes cobalt, 264,600 tonnes of lithium carbonate (LCE), at least 7,200 tonnes of neodymium and dysprosium, in addition to 2,362,500 tonnes copper.
The level of demand is currently forcing materials prices higher for both renewables and batteries, and putting a real crimp in the story of ever falling costs
Or you could use PHEVs or HEVs with 10 kWh or 2 kWh batteries and range extenders running on just petrol or diesel (or some biofuel) and keep it simple.
It isn't a perfect solution, but at least you might get it implemented.
Interesting post. Though, your comment the most resource-frugal next-generation NMC 811 batteries is not correct. Cobalt-free batteries are the most resource frugal and many are available and not only LiFePo (there are NMx, ORNL has NMFeAl, and Zinc Air).
Solid State batteries and recycling will reduce demand for Lithium Carbonate as well as new sources of supply from Bromine in Arkansas, Geothermal salts, and Ocean extraction.
In 2018 Honda hybrid motors started using magnets that do not contain dysprosium and terbium. Other automakers also have done this as well.
For some reason you left out Platinum Group Metals which have had resource issues for he past two decades. Check out this article: "Is automotive demand for platinum increasing or decreasing?"11Aug2020 (
They make a real good point:
"The economic theory of substitution suggests that manufacturers will substitute a cheaper input for a more expensive one, up to a point where it is no longer economically logical to do so. That point can be price/cost driven, as rising demand for the initially cheaper alternative drives up prices of that input or related to the impact of substitution on the performance of the output product."
PHEVs are not ZEV at point of use. For high mileage delivery vehicles that is important, and currently PHEVs have high emissions at the point when the engine switches on, although I would imagine that that can be engineered around.
Places like Germany and South Korea will have enough density of hydrogen stations to support FCEVs in many places soon.
The report I quoted was from 2019, so the precise details are not current.
Nor did I personally analyse or quote any other documents, as in my view it highlights the issues with sufficient clarity.
For the platinum group metals as far as that pertains to FCEVs it appears that the loading in them will approach that in ICE catalytic converters soon enough that little if any additional resources are needed, even if PEMs remain the choice of fuel cells for cars and trucks.
I would agree that substitution and non magnetic engines etc will be used, and that there will be a huge expansion of capacity also.
But it takes time to build a mine and the logistic chain, and in my view the projected time lines for 100% long range BEVs are not realistic.
HTPEM with bio fuel
The PEUGEOT e-EXPERT Hydrogen Van looks like it will accomplish what Peugeot describes as an "answer to the expectations and needs of professional customers...".
It combines the 100 kW drive of the Stellantis Group with a 45 kW fuel cell from Symbio. This combination might also work with the larger Peugeot e-Boxer electric van maybe with the e-Boxer 37 kWh battery and a larger H2 tank for even greater range.
The Peugeot Boxer is built at the same plant as the Fiat Ducato, so maybe this could come to the USA as the Chrysler Ram ProMaster (which btw is already used by the USPS).
For the US I am very interested in this leasing system for converting truck to hybrids or pure hydrogen ICE, with the hydrogen also supplied at guaranteed cost:
Although a partial and temporary solution, on the face of it it sounds like a no brainer to enable very large speedy reductions in emissions, and the roll out of hydrogen infrastructure.
If anyone has more info, please post!
I was surprised to see Scania on the other hand have stopped fuel cell work and intend to focus on BEV trucks. So their 29 tonne truck has a 300 kWh battery and range of 150 miles - 0.5 miles per kWh. And going to 500 kWh or more in their 40 tonne trucks. 10 cars worth. Where do they think the lithium is going to come from? Meanwhile Oxis Energy are going bankrupt so their goes 16 years work on Lithium Sulphur which had reached a claimed 400 Wh/kg and no cobalt or nickel.
As for motors, there's no good reason not to use induction motors. That's what the EV1 used. Bill Moore made a very interesting observation in his book about what he saw when he tested the EV1 on the freeway.
Induction motors work just fine
Scania is part of the


text:
Karakteristik dan Fragmen Sejarah Manuskrip Mushaf Alquran Dolah Bakri Bantul
This research aims to elaborate the characteristics of the Qur'anic manuscript of Dolah Bakri (MADB) by using philology and historical analysis. In its chronicle history, it shows that MADB appeared in Wonolelo in the 19th century. The use of paper, the technique of writing, the layout and illumination show its character as a mushaf born with the nuances of Javanese locality. In addition, when his contemporaries used mixed rasm, 'Uthma}ni} and imla}'i}, MADB consistently used the rasm 'uthma}ni}. From the social context, in Wonolelo, MADB was not merely as a Qur'anic mushaf which is used as a medium of reading for local Muslim community, but it had social and economic function as well. MADB could be a symbol of an economic power of its owner. MADB could also be a symbol of the integration of Islamic movement and social class identity of economic society.
Copyright (c) 2017 Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


How to Help a Ghost Pass Over
How to Help a Ghost Pass Over
May 27, 2021 Ghost Hunting Our Blog 0
In general, ghosts will move on when their purpose is fulfilled. But sometimes a ghost needs specific help to move on and this can be provided by a witch.
There are different ways you can help a ghost pass over: gathering personal objects, performing an Ascension ceremony, or calling in the assistance of an experienced witch.
A witch will perform a ritual to call in the spirit of the ghost. The purpose of the ritual is to draw the spirit back into its body by using personal objects, and then to find out what it wants and needs from you. For example, if the ghost's greatest need is forgiveness, the witch will organize a church service and perform a ceremony while asking God for forgiveness on behalf of the ghost so that it may move on. If no church is available at that time, then a prayer in your home can also be performed in order to ask for forgiveness.
If the ghost needs to pass on more quickly, then a ceremony can be performed to help the ghost ascend. In this ceremony, you will be guided in creating an energy vortex in your home that can help the ghost move on.
The following is one of many ways to perform a ritual to call in the spirit of the ghost. You may also find additional rituals online or create your own based on your need:
1) Find out when the ghost was born and what his/her birth number is (day, month, year). You may search for his or her information through an online genealogy site. For example, and genealogy records are some of the most useful resources to find your family history.
2) Find out about the type of person or animal that this ghost was. For example, if the ghost is a bird, then you will need to find out what type of bird it was so that you can use that knowledge in your ritual.
3) Collect everything from the person's life and store them in a satchel for use during the ceremony. You should have at least one item from each phase of his/her life such as: his/her childhood picture books or toys; toys from ages 1 to 7; high school yearbooks; college yearbooks; graduation gifts etc.. You can also use photos of the person. A satchel is a small cloth bag that will help you to carry all of the objects and pictures.
4) Make a list of images, objects, or any other personal information that the ghost may need to pass over. It could be something as simple as leftover perfumes or toiletries that had been used during life time by the ghost. It could also be a specific object such as a ring, watch, or necklace that was very important to the person during life time.
5) Connect with the ghost on an emotional level and give it your understanding about its purpose in your life.
6) Tell the ghost that you will help it pass over. You may want to include in your ritual a letter of forgiveness from the family for any wrongdoing that took place during life time. Your desire to help also needs to be conveyed to the ghost. Use a pen and paper so that you can personally write down your wishes. Leave the paper where you think the ghost can see it.
7) Decide when and where you will do your ritual. In order for it to be successful, you will need a secluded area with no interruptions or distractions so that no one can hear what is being said during the ceremony or how long it may take.
When you start your ritual, you will need to first find a quiet spot and then you can go about looking for the ghost. Use an object that belonged to the ghost such as a perfume or watch and ask it to come around.
1) Set up an altar with photos of the person or animal that is being called back, any objects that he/she had during life time such as his/her childhood toys, a picture of him/her when he/she was young etc.. If you don't have a picture of the person, use pictures of his favorite movie star or a character from his favorite book.
2) Next, light your candles and incense. The incense is used to help center you and the candles are used to represent the energy that will be focused in your home during the ceremony.
3) Place on the altar other objects such as a rose or a flower that represents love. Give these gifts to the ghost of its lover or family member who have passed on in order to help convince it that you will accept him/her back into your life.
4) Any personal items collected from his/her life can also be placed on the altar such as his favorite stuffed animal or something else that he loved so much during his life time. 5) You can also include a picture of his/her family and friends so that he/she knows that they are still around him. These pictures will help to convince the ghost that he is not alone and that his loved ones miss him.
5) By placing all these items on the altar, you are opening up your heart to the ghost and connecting with it in a way that you want to help it move on to its next journey.
6) In order for this ritual to be successful, you need to stay vigilant during your ceremony. You may want to start off with a short period of meditation where you clear your mind of any other concerns or distractions in order for you focus on the ritual. You can also use written meditation that help to guide the energy to focus solely on the ceremony. After, you can break off for a short period of time to gather your thoughts and then continue with the ritual as shown in the following pictures.
7) Using your sacred objects such as photos, objects and papers, get down on your knees so that you are in a position where you are facing the altar and not anyone else present. Start out by taking a couple of deep breaths in an effort to center yourself.
8) Now that you are in a position to do your ritual, you will want to verbally call out the ghost and ask it to come back into your life.
9) Start off by stating what you want from the ghost.
10) Most importantly, tell him/her that when he/she is finished visiting with you, he must return back to where he came from.
11) Now that you have given the ghost an order, there is no reason to stop, so keep at it until the ritual is complete.


text:
ABSTRACT: The latitudinal distribution patterns of alpha, beta and gamma diversity of reptiles, amphibians and herpetofauna were analyzed using individual binary models of potential distribution for 301species predicted by ecological modelling for a grid of 9,932 quadrants of ~25 km2 each. We arranged quadrants in 312latitudinal bands in which alpha, beta and gamma values were determined. Latitudinal trends of all scales of diversity were similar in all groups. Alpha and gamma responded inversely to latitude whereas beta showed a high latitudinal fluctuation due to the high number of endemic species. Alpha and gamma showed a strong correlation in all groups. Beta diversity is an important component of the herpetofauna distribution patterns as a continuous source of species diversity throughout the region.
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 01/2007;

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Smažený sýr
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Smažený sýr
Smazeny syr smazeni prvni strana.jpg
Smažený sýr being fried in oil
Alternative names Vyprážaný syr
Place of origin Czech Republic and Slovakia
Main ingredients Cheese, flour, eggs, bread crumbs
Cookbook: Smažený sýr Media: Smažený sýr
Smažený sýr (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsmaʒɛniː ˈsiːr], Slovak: Vyprážaný syr [ˈvipraːʒaniː ˈsir]; literally "fried cheese") is a Czech and Slovak cheese-based dish, widely spread in both countries, thanks to the former state of unification (see Czechoslovakia).
Fried Gruyère/Swiss cheese, served with tartar sauce and side salad.
A slice of cheese (which is usually Edam, but can also be Hermelín (in the Czech Republic), Emmental (in Slovakia) or some other cheese) and about 1.5 cm in thickness, is breaded with flour, egg and bread crumbs and fried either in a pan or in a deep fryer. It is often served with a side salad, potatoes (fries or boiled potatoes), and typically with tartar sauce (or mayonnaise). In Czech fast food outlets, it can be also prepared in the form of a sandwich (i.e., between two slices of bread, usually something similar to a hamburger bun). The usual complement is tartar sauce. The dish may also be prepared with a thin slice of ham sandwiched between two slices of cheese.
See also[edit]


What Makes Some Cucumbers Bitter?
What Makes Some Cucumbers Bitter?
All cucumber plants contain a substance known as cucurbitacin, which tastes very bitter and is toxic when concentrated. Normally, cucurbitacin is found in the roots, stems, and foliage of the plant. In times of stress, it may creep into the cucumber fruits, as well.
Usually the cucurbitacin content of a cucumber is so low that the chemical cannot be tasted and no side effects (upset stomach, burping, cramps, diarrhea) occur from eating it. However, many gardeners have had the misfortune of picking cucumbers with a distinctly bitter flavor. What causes this?
Experts are not entirely in agreement on the cause of bitterness in cucumbers. It appears that a complex interaction of circumstances determine flavor.
Here are some of the factors that influence cucumber taste:
 - Variety. Choose a cucumber variety that is low in cucurbitacins. Burpless cucumbers have less obtrusive levels of the offending chemical, while bitter-free cukes never have cucurbitacins in the fruit. Gardeners have consistently proven that variety is the most important factor affecting taste.
 - Temperature. Excessive heat, unseasonably cool weather, and wild swings of temperature can all stress cucumbers, increasing cucurbitacin levels. If your summer highs are typically in the mid-90s or higher, provide some shade for your cucumbers. If cool weather is consistently a problem, choose a variety that doesn't mind lower temperatures. Unfortunately, there is little that a gardener can do about variable weather, except choose a more forgiving variety.
 - Water. Either drought or irregular periods of wet and dry weather can increase cucurbitacin levels in the cucumbers. Don't let your plants go too long without water. Keep the soil slightly moist (but not soggy) at all times. Mulch helps to even things out.
 - Soil health. Healthy soil produces tasty cucumbers. Check your soil fertility and pH to see if this could be the source of the problem.
 - Competition. Weeds are stressful to cucumbers. They compete for valuable water and nutrient resources, and they harbor insect pests. Keep the weeds in check. For the same reason, make sure you space your cucumbers according to the directions on the seed packet.
 - Ripeness. As cucumbers mature, cucurbitacin levels rise. Don't let your cucumbers get too big. Most slicing varieties are ready for harvest when they are between six and eight inches long.
 - Storage. The longer a cucumber sits in the refrigerator, the more its cucurbitacins will concentrate. Try to eat your cukes while they are still fresh.
If you experience weather conditions that are likely to stress your cucumbers, take a few steps to reduce the quantity of cucurbitacins that you are going to eat. Most of the chemicals are concentrated at the ends (particularly the stem end) and directly under the skin of the cucumber. Peel the cuke well, chop an inch off the stem end, and slice the other end off, too. If it still tastes very bitter throughout, the plant is either in bad health or genetically predisposed to bitterness. You might want to pull it up and try again next year, preferably with a different variety.
Keep in mind that, while many factors affect cucumber flavor, cucumbers will not become extremely bitter unless they are genetically predisposed to do so. Some varieties never develop a bitter taste even under adverse conditions. Therefore, while you should be careful to keep your plants healthy through proper watering and soil building, choosing a variety better suited to your taste buds and climate is the only reliable solution.
The Family Garden Journal
By hsotr


text:
During numerical simulation of laser and tissue thermal interaction, the light fluence rate distribution should be
formularized and constituted to the source term in the heat transfer equation. Usually the solution of light irradiative
transport equation is given in extreme conditions such as full absorption (Lambert-Beer Law), full scattering
(Lubelka-Munk theory), most scattering (Diffusion Approximation) et al. But in specific conditions, these solutions will
induce different errors. The usually used Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is more universal and exact but has difficulty to
deal with dynamic parameter and fast simulation. Its area partition pattern has limits when applying FEM (finite element
method) to solve the bio-heat transfer partial differential coefficient equation. Laser heat source plots of above methods
showed much difference with MCS. In order to solve this problem, through analyzing different optical actions such as
reflection, scattering and absorption on the laser induced heat generation in bio-tissue, a new attempt was made out which
combined the modified beam broaden model and the diffusion approximation model. First the scattering coefficient was
replaced by reduced scattering coefficient in the beam broaden model, which is more reasonable when scattering was
treated as anisotropic scattering. Secondly the attenuation coefficient was replaced by effective attenuation coefficient in
scattering dominating turbid bio-tissue. The computation results of the modified method were compared with Monte Carlo
simulation and showed the model provided reasonable predictions of heat source term distribution than past methods.
Such a research is useful for explaining the physical characteristics of heat source in the heat transfer equation,
establishing effective photo-thermal model, and providing theory contrast for related laser medicine experiments.


Define JavaScript Resource Types
You can get full control over returned JSON by defining JavaScript resource types.
You can get full control over returned JSON by defining JavaScript resource types. JavaScript resources are not explicitly bound to tables, such as other web services. Your JavaScript code is responsible for retrieving data and for formatting it into JSON. The most common use for this resource type is to call an outside REST service and connect to multiple servers of any type. For example, you might aggregate REST/JSON services.
You can provide options on how you want
Layer7 Live API Creator
to handle incoming requests for your JavaScript resources by defining the extended properties for the resource.
For more information about how to define extended properties for a resource, see Manage the Extended Properties for Resources.
Layer7 Live API Creator
does not understand the internals of the external content, including its mapping to underlying data, its primary keys, its logic, and its security.
Layer7 Live API Creator
cannot supply advanced automation services such as pagination or update.
In this article:
Create a JavaScript Resource
 1. With your API open, in the Create section, click
 If you have not defined any resources yet, the Welcome to Resources page appears. If you have created at least one resource, the Resource tab displays.
 2. Do one of the following options:
 - If you have not defined a resource yet, create a resource by clicking
 Create a Resource
 - If you have created at least one resource, above the list of resources, click
 New Resource
 The Add Resource window opens.
 3. Complete the following fields, and then click
 Resource Type
 Defines the type of resource you want to create. Select
 JavaScript Resource
 - Ⓣ Table-based Resource.
 Resources that are linked to existing base SQL entities (tables and views) and automate SQL handling. You can integrate other data sources and control SQL by defining the resource type.
 - Ⓢ Free SQL
 . Resources that you specify the SQL to execute.
 - Ⓙ JavaScript
 . (Advanced users) Resources that you supply the server-side JavaScript that
 Layer7 Live API Creator
 executes whenever the resource is accessed and returns JSON.
 Resource Name
 The resource name is the container name with JSON. The name must contain alphanumerics or the underscore (_) special character.
Your JavaScript resource is created and displays in the list of resources.
Define the JavaScript Resource
Top-level resources should be collections. Sub-resources are collections if there can be many rows for a single row in the containing resource. If a sub-resource is for an entity that is a parent entity of the containing resource's entity, then
With your JavaScript resource open, complete the following fields, and then click
Is a collection
Defines whether the entity (table or view) for the resource is a child of the containing resource's entity.
Defines the server-side JavaScript code that API Server executes when an API user accesses this resource. The code is responsible for retrieving data and for formatting it into JSON.
For an example of how to define the code for your JavaScript resource, see the "Example JavaScript Resource" section.
var result = {
result: "Hello, world!",
String: "rkxgohwzng",
Number: 827.3783957232455,
"Null value": null
return result;
You can access and insert JavaScript code examples into the JavaScript resource code editor. For more information about the code examples that are available for JavaScript resources, see JavaScript Code Examples.
The details of your JavaScript resource is defined.
Example JavaScript Resource
JavaScript subresource illustrates how you can deliver JSON results combining managed data (
) with external service results (
) by retrieving resource information from another REST server (line 2) as the data for the
The following code snippet shows the code for the
JavaScript subresource that is included with the
Service calls to integrate external data
code example is available from the JavaScript resource code editor.
var url = req.baseUrl;
log.debug(url); // this is the base URL for this server
url = url.replace("/demo","/sample");// compute baseURL of target system
url = url + "v1/orders"; // add version/ resource endPoint on target
var key =; // this context variable is system supplied
log.debug("..using key: " + key + ", and url: " + url);
key = JSON.stringify(key, null, 0);
var params= {
sysfilter: "equal(customer_name:" + key + ")"
//special Auth Token in this project to allow access from url (?auth=AdminKey:1)
var settings = {
headers: {
Authorization: "CALiveAPICreator AdminKey:1"
//////////// Built in utility to make REST GET call
var response = SysUtility.restGet(url, params, settings);
return JSON.parse(response);
For more information about the
API sample, see Demo API Sample.
Your returned JSON (
) is inserted into the larger result, as shown in the following code snippet:
"name": "Alpha and Sons",
"balance": 4484,
"_USER_": {
"href": "http://localhost:8080/APIServer/rest/el-local/demo/v1/CustomerJSOrdersREST/Alpha%20and%20Sons",
"checksum": "A:e86aea2e0a4e74bf"
"OrdersRest": [
"order_number": 1,
"amount_total": 1079,
"paid": false,
"notes": "This is a small order",
"customer_name": "Alpha and Sons",
"salesrep_id": 2,
"_USER_": {
"href": "http://localhost:8080/APIServer/rest/el-local/demo/v1/PurchaseOrders/1",
"checksum": "A:5c157e88a42aa592"
"LineItems": [
"lineitem_id": 12,
"product_number": 2,
"order_number": 1,
JavaScript subresource in the Demo API shows how your code includes context for:
 - The
 JavaScript context variable. You can access data from the containing row, in the previous example, a Customer row from the
 containing resource (line 3). You can parameterize the external service using locally managed data using this context variable.
 - The
 JavaScript context variable. This object is for printing to the log. You can view debugging information in the log.
 For more information about how to view logging information, see View Logging Information.
 - The
 context variable. You can use this variable to invoke REST services, such as GET.
 - The
 object. Provides access to the HTTP request, including the API key, resource name, and arguments. This object has the following useful properties:
 return {
 baseUrl: "" + req.baseUrl, // The URL of this call up to the project
 fullBaseUrl: "" + req.getFullBaseURL(),
 accountName: "" + req.account.getName(),
 accountUrl: "" + req.account.getUrlName(),
 projectName: "" + req.project.getName(),
 projectUrl: "" + req.project.getUrlName(),
 apiName: "" + req.apiVersion.getName(),
 userIdentifier: "" + req.userIdentifier, // Can be null
 params: JSON.parse("" + req.urlParameters), // Parameters from URL, e.g.?abc=123&def=foo
 userProps: JSON.parse("" + req.userProperties), // User props from authentication
 verb: "" + req.verb, // GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc...
 clientAddress: "" + req.clientAddress // The IP address of the caller
 For more information about the
 object, see The req Object.
For more information about the context variables that are set when
Layer7 Live API Creator
invokes JavaScript logic, see the Quick Reference Guide.
Call JavaScript Resources
You can call JavaScript resources in the following ways:
Call JavaScript Resources as Endpoints
You can invoke an endpoint from the current API using the
method in your JavaScript code. This method uses the same authentication as the original call, which is more efficient than making a full network call. If you are using different authentication or if you are invoking an endpoint from another API, make a network call using the()
var custsJson = SysUtility.getResource("Customers", {filter: {"name like '%foo%' "}); var custs = JSON.parse(custsJson); for (var i = 0; i < custs.length; i++) { log.debug("Customer: " + JSON.stringify(custs[i])); }
Calls to your usual REST URL depend on your use of a load balancer. If you are using a load balancer, ensure that your load balancer sets HTTP forwarding headers properly.
For more information about these methods, see The SysUtility Object.
Call JavaScript Resources using GET and POST Requests
You can call JavaScript resources using GET and POST requests. Access the JSON payload with a POST using the
property in your JavaScript code.
Layer7 Live API Creator
performs logic on only table-based resources.
For more information:
Call Multiple HTTP Requests in Parallel
You can have
Layer7 Live API Creator
call multiple HTTP requests in parallel using the
method in your JavaScript code. This method optimizes your API by creating separate threads to call the HTTP service requests, and then it returns and array of JSON responses. You can iterate through the responses to perform more processing or API mashups before returning the response to the client.
For more information about this method, including the syntax to use, see The SysUtility Object


In India, How Do Rooftop Gardens Grow?
HYDERABAD, India -- Can growing vegetables on India's slum rooftops and holding cooking classes in slum alleyways make a difference?
That is the contention of a new program that's about to begin in a 100-acre slum in the capital city of India's southern state of Andhra Pradesh. The country has seen hundreds of programs over the years designed to combat malnutrition. The latest aims to clear out the garbage, create a patchwork of small organic farms to grow vegetables that can be sold in the market, and then employ a team of 23 local women to demonstrate healthy cooking and good food hygiene.
The project is based on research by Erik Simanis, co-director of the "Base of the Pyramid Protocol" at Cornell University in New York, a 3-year-old program that seeks to improve nutrition standards among the poor. He says it aims to develop understanding about the importance of micro-nutrients -- minerals and vitamins traditionally not found in high quantities in India's high-carbohydrate diet.
There's a commercial twist. The project is being funded and supported by The Solae Company, a joint venture of DuPont Co. and Bunge Ltd. Solae is sending employees to help train the cooks and is donating soy protein for the cooking classes in an effort to beef up the nutritional benefits of the meals.
But the program's ultimate goal is to establish a "culinary park network" on the rooftops so local women can grow their own vegetables and then turn surplus into meals for sale. The first gardens will be laid with topsoil in April and the first crops of tomatoes, spices, chilies, eggplant, mushrooms and leafy green vegetables is expected by the end of the year. The slum houses about 100,000 residents.
To Read the Full Story
Continue reading your article with
a WSJ membership
View Membership Options


"Security is not a product but a process" – Bruce Shnieder
A short answer to this question would be, yes, Roller shutters are safe. The preceding question would be can roller shutters be broken into? Just like any physical barriers such as a wall, they can be broken into. Does it mean you don't need them? No, because the level of threats that a physical barrier can protect you from will significantly add to you security to a degree that it has to be mandatory to the least.
The building material of construction such as plasterboard, brick, block, non-security rated composite panels, steel cladding or shipping containers, etc., can be breached in a surprisingly short period of time. The actual success of a breach or safety of roller shutters is dependent on a number of factors such as (1) ;
 1. Substrate material: wooden frames, steel frames, concrete brickwork etc.
 2. The Attack tools: Screwdriver, Claw hammer, Crowbar, Hammer, Disc grinder etc.
 3. Physical Barrier product (roller shutter door).
 4. Duration of the attack.
Given enough time and the right tools, any physical barrier can be breached or broken through. Which is also the reason that in most more layers utilised to reduce the risk. Simply put, physical security concerns four main areas: Deterring intruders (visible roller shutters, Security gates, sectional doors, higher walls, electric fence and burglar bars etc), Detecting and Delaying attackers (CCTV, intruder detections systems etc), and Responding to an attack (police or private personnel) (2).
With much attention being placed on the role of emerging technologies such CCTV connected to your phones etc. in the fight against crime in South Africa, it is often easy to become detracted from the basics of home security. However, good physical security is the bedrock and/or foundation of an effective security solution in your house and property. Without the delay to intrusion provided by an effective physical security barrier, detection simply tells you the intruders presence and intentions. It is therefore always important to ensure suitable physical security measures are in place and that those measures provide sufficient delay to enable the intruder to be detected and a suitable response mounted in order to apprehend the intruder.
Either the barrier is roller shutter, security gate or burglar bar. It is along this train of thought and or principle that we design our physical security barriers solutions at Xpanda.


I'm having trouble trying to fix the color for my Sharp LED monitor. This has been an issue for about a year or so, and I'd still like to use it, but the wrong colors are too distracting.
I've gone through multiple color correction apps online and all of them seem to get stumped at the bit where it asks for the the RGB to be all corrected.
Fiddled with the display settings on the monitor itself and it wont budge.
Any help would be appreciated.
 - 3
 What instrument are you using to measure the output of the monitor? – Michael C Aug 5 '18 at 1:45
 - 1
 What do you mean by "won't budge"? – mattdm Aug 5 '18 at 10:13
You may have better luck if you limit your calibration efforts to the center of the screen.
The display "gamma" (for lack of a better term) of LCDs varies with angle of view. Colors along the edge of the screen appear different from the "same" colors in the center of the screen. Although newer monitors with wider viewing angles exhibit the effect to a lesser extent, it is still present. The uneven color is caused by the monitor's use of polarized light.
The larger the monitor, the greater the variance because of the increased angle between your eyes and the corners of the screen. If you sit farther away from the screen, that angle will be reduced, and the color differences should be less distracting.
 - The device in question is a TV. I suspect TVs have lower resolution and color standards than computer monitors because they are meant to be viewed from a much farther distance.
 - LED refers to the source of the back light. It still uses the same basic LCD technology.
Your best solution is get a monitor calibration tool like Colormunki or a ColorVision Monitor Spyder.
Your Answer


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This plugin calculates intensities (mean, min, max or sum) of the image that belongs to two materials of the opened model.
The results of the plugin may be seen on the screen of Microscopy Image Browser or saved as Excel spreadsheet.
- 1. Load images
- 2. Create a new model: press the Create button in the Segmentation Panel
- 3. Add material to the model: press the + button in the Segmentation Panel; select 1 in the Materials list, press the right mouse button and Rename it to Nucleus.
- 4. Select the Brush tool in the Selection type and draw nuclei of the cells
- 5. Make sure that the 1 is selected in the Add to list and press the A key button to add the drawn areas to the Nucleus material of the model.
- 6. Add another material to the model (the + button) and rename it to Cytoplasm.
- 7. With the Brush tool draw areas of the cytoplasm and add it to the 2 material.
- 8. Repeat 4., 5. and 7. for all slices of the opened dataset
- 9. Start NucleusVsCytoplams tool: Menu->Plugins->IntensityAnalysis->NucleusVsCytoplams
- 10. Select color channel and materials to analyze, define other parameters of the NucleusVsCytoplams tool and press the Continue buttton.
Note! Remember to save the model for future use!
- Color channel to analyze - a combo box that allows to define a color channel that will be analyzed.
- Calculate parameter - a combo box that allows to choose type of the intensity to analize (Mean, Minimal, Maximal, or Sum).
- Calculate ratio of - two comboboxes that allow to select ratio of which materials should be analyzed
- Plot ratio as histogram - the ratio between intensities will be displayed as a histogram.
- Save results in Excel format - check this to save results as Excel spreadsheet
- Filename to export - the... button and the edit box to specify the filename for the export
Part of the code written by Gunther Struyf was used when writing this function.


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I had some great feedback from my 'Pet Questions from You' post, and wanted to go into more detail with shelter/rescue terms. Below are some of the commonly used terms in a shelter or rescue environment:
Feral cat: A feral cat is the offspring of a domestic stray cat, born in the wild. Because of their lack of human interaction, feral cats often appear unfriendly to humans.
Feral cat colony: A group of feral (and sometimes stray) cats that live together in a certain area (ex. Apartment complex, neighborhood, behind stores or restaurants, etc).
TNR: Trap-Neuter-Return is a method of catching feral cats and sterilizing them (spay/neutering) so that they cannot reproduce.
Ear crop/Ear Tip: Part of some TNR programs will include cutting a small part of the cats' ear, so that they can be easily identified as sterilized (spay/neutered).
Stray: A domestic animal that is lost or wandering at large.
Open Admission: A shelter/rescue that is open admission means that they will not turn away any animal that comes into its doors, regardless of breed, health status, temperament, or any other classifications. The Oakland Pet Adoption Center is open admission.
Euthanasia: the act of humanely putting an animal to death. Other euphemisms for euthanasia include 'put to sleep', 'put down', or 'lay down'. There are several different methods of euthanasia, the most common being intravenous injection and inhalants. The use of inhalants has been banned in many US shelters, so intravenous injections are by far the most utilized.
DSH (Domestic Short Hair), DMH (Domestic Medium Hair), DLH (Domestic Long Hair): These are different breed classifications of cats by terms of fur length.
No Kill:The most widely accepted definition of a no-kill shelter is a place where all adoptable and treatable animals are saved and where only unadoptable or non-rehabilitatable animals are euthanized (according to _URL_)
I hope that the definitions of these terms has helped provide some clarification. If there are any other terms you've heard that are not mentioned here, please comment with them!


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AutoClickChem: Click Chemistry in Silico
Protein residues that participate in electrostatic interactions are highlighted in yellow. Atoms that participate in receptor-ligand hydrogen bonds are shown in ball-and-stick representation. The aromatic ring of the receptor tyrosine residue that participates in π-π stacking and T-stacking interactions with the ligand is shown in thick licorice representation. The crystallographic pose of a known inhibitor is shown in purple, with key sulfonate moieties shown colored by element in licorice representation. Portions of the protein have been removed to facilitate visualization.


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In my previous blog post I visualized data on James Bond films both with Google Charts and with ggplot2. Because I skipped the code relating to ggplot2, here I'd like to look in detail at how to use ggplot2 from F#.
Currently ggplot2 is my go-to visualization library (unless I need to embed a plot - check out the James Bond bubble chart!). Here I summarize some of my experiences with using ggplot2 from F# through the RProvider. I also put together a simple wrapper around the most common ggplot2 functions to simplify the usage.
Ggplot2 is a plotting library developed for the R environment. The library uses a compositional approach to plots where the result is composed of graphical elements, each adding a specific data or visualization layer. This may sound complicated - but for simple cases ggplot2 has easy to use functions with sensible defaults. For more complex layered plots, it allows customizing almost every aspect. The flexibility of ggplot2 is great but what makes it truly usable is that it comes with a good documentation.
As an example of some more complex and customized plots that I created using ggplot2 recently, below are two plots I used in my PhD thesis.
In F#, in principle we can call any R function through the RProvider. Unfortunately, using ggplot2 with RProvider can be rather verbose and cumbersome. I'll illustrate some of the issues in the next section and then I'll introduce the F# wrapper, ffplot.
Using ggplot2 directly
Inside R, creating a simple plot is relatively straightforward. In the code sample
below I first open the necessary packages. Then I load an example
dataset - the
mtcars data frame which describes several properties of 32 cars tested
in the 70's by the Motor Trend magazine.
After loading the data, I initialize the ggplot with the dataset and define
a so-called aesthetic mapping in the
The mapping relates the data to visual
elements or properties: in this case the x axis is defined
disp column of the
mtc data frame, and the y axis is defined by the
Then I choose an appropriate visualization method, in this case it's
geom_point that creates
a scatter plot combining the data frame with the aesthetic mapping.
library(ggplot2) library(datasets) mtc = mtcars ggplot(mtc, aes(x=disp, y=drat)) + geom_point()
Moving into F#, we can call ggplot2 directly like any other R function.
Like in R, here I also first open the neccessary libraries and
then load the
mtcars dataset. Here I transform the
mtcars values into a
Deedle data frame, which is a
direct equivalent of the R data frame:
// load general environment _TAG_ "packages/FsLab/FsLab.fsx" open RProvider open RProvider.ggplot2 open Deedle // load example datasets from R open RProvider.datasets let mtc = R.mtcars.GetValue>()
Before I create the plot itself, I introduce a custom operator for the ggplot2 plot composition
that is done in R with the
+ operator. In
F#, the operator is available through RProvider as a function
Instead of using it directly, we can call it through the following operator:
let (++) (plot1:RDotNet.SymbolicExpression) (plot2:RDotNet.SymbolicExpression) = R.''+''(plot1, plot2)
Now we can finally re-create the same plot within F#. Unfortunately, the simple R code turns into a much longer function call:
R.ggplot( namedParams[ "data", box mtc; "mapping", box ( R.aes__string(x="disp", y="drat"))]) ++ R.geom__point()
This is because the
ggplot function is extremely flexible and accepts any number of
parameters. This may be OK in R, but it complicates the usage from F#.
First, we have to specify names for all arguments that we pass
ggplot, which is done through the
namedParams function from RProvider.
Second, we have to identify
columns in the dataframe through their names specified as strings - and we do that
using the R function
aes_string. This is because F# represents data frames differently
Using ffplot to simplify calling ggplot2
The F# code sample is quite verbose which doesn't do ggplot2 any justice. I put together a simple wrapper, the ffplot, to simplify some of the common scenarios of calling ggplot2. You can find the wrapper here on Github. With ffplot, the ggplot2 example turns into almost a direct copy of the original R code:
_TAG_ "ggplot.fs" open ggplot G.ggplot(mtc, G.aes(x="disp", y="drat")) ++ R.geom__point()
We can also use the wrapper to add colour specification -
here the points are coloured based
on the values in the
G.ggplot(mtc, G.aes(x="disp", y="drat", colour="mpg")) ++ R.geom__point()
So far all the examples were using a Deedle data frame (created from an R data frame). But the usage is not limited to that, we can also use our own data. The only important thing is that ggplot2 is built around data frames which means that we have to transform any data into an R data frame before we can visualize them.
The code snipped below
creates a simple dataset and transforms it into an R data frame with
two columns named "X" and "Value". Then we call the
to visualize the plot, using the column names in the aesthetic mapping.
let x = [0.0.. 0.1.. 10.0] let y = x |> List.map (fun value -> sin(value)) // create a data frame let dataframe = namedParams ["X", x; "Value", y] |> R.data_frame G.ggplot(dataframe, G.aes(x="X", y="Value")) ++ R.geom__line()
- At the moment, the
G.aesfunction accepts only a few aesthetics
yvalues, and the
fillvalues that specify optional colour mappings for the visualizations. If you would like to add more, please send a pull request!
Here I shown some simple usage of ffplot
and ggplot2 together in F#. In the Github repository I also included
showing more examples of various types of plots - histograms, bar plots,
density plots, and also some more complex plots.
To use ffplot in your own project,
download and reference the
file from your solution. You can also add the file using the
paket dependency manager by adding the following line into
github evelinag/ffplot ggplot.fs
Using RProvider without FsLab
In the examples above, I was using RProvider as a part of FsLab,
a collection of F# data science tools. If you want to use ggplot2 and RProvider directly without
installing other tools, the easiest way is to load the
fsx file which is
downloaded as a part of the RProvider package:
// load RProvider into F# interactive _TAG_ "packages/RProvider/RProvider.fsx"
This F# scripts loads all the necessary dependencies and adds a printer for F# interactive which displays the R plots.
I would like to finish with a simple tip. When using ggplot2 to create plots for my PhD thesis, I wanted all the plots to share a similar visual style. I wanted all the plots to have the same theme, the same colour scheme and the same font sizes in titles, axes and legends. All these can be of course specified in ggplot2. What I found useful was to create a single function that specified all the size and theme settings and then apply it to every plot that I was generating to keep a uniform visual style.
This piece of code shows an example of such function that tweaks font sizes in axes, legends and titles. Then it's applied to a plot, using the same compositional approach as the ggplot2 library.
let sizeSettings () = R.theme(namedParams["axis.text", R.element__text(namedParams["size", 12])]) ++ R.theme(namedParams["legend.text", R.element__text(namedParams["size", 12])]) ++ R.theme(namedParams["axis.title", R.element__text(namedParams["size", 14])]) ++ R.theme(namedParams["plot.title", R.element__text(namedParams["size", 18])]) // apply settings to a plot G.ggplot(iris, G.aes(x="Sepal.Length", y="Sepal.Width",colour="Petal.Length")) ++ (*[omit:(...)]*) R.geom__point(namedParams["size", 4]) ++ R.theme__bw() ++ R.scale__color__gradient( namedParams["low", "blue"; "high", "gold"]) ++ R.ggtitle("Iris dataset") ++ R.xlab("Sepal length") ++ R.ylab("Sepal width") (*[/omit]*) ++ sizeSettings()
You can apply the same approach with most charting libraries available in F# (such as XPlot) because they use functional style that allows applying functions to entire plots. But with ggplot2 this makes even more sense. The settings tend to be verbose and some of them require extensive digging through the documentation. By separating them in a dedicated function, they can be reused and applied across multiple plots of different types to keep the same style.
- Get ffplot from Github.
- ggplot2 website
- This


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From Farm Boy to Senator by Horatio Alger
History of the Boyhood and Manhood of Daniel Webster
ILLUSTRATED - The life of Daniel Webster is recounted in this fictionalized biography, from his youth on a New Hampshire farm to his distinguished career in Congress. Alger's biographical account of the life of one of the nation's foremost orators, Daniel Webster, details his life from his early days as a young farm boy to the culmination of his political career as a respected member of the Senate. During his climb to greatness, Webster met many people who would become his friends, coworkers, and also be the biggest influences of his life.


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can also group the tools to create a tool GigaStream. You can apply egress filters in tool ports. Refer to the Egress Filters section for more details.
- Sources: Displays the configured ports. You can edit the ports and create port groups from sources. Do not use fan out port as source port in policy.
- Filters: Displays the available filters. You can create a new template from the Filters option. Starting in software version 5.9, you can use advanced filters for creating the filter rules.
- Packet Transformations: Displays the supported packet transformation options. You can also create a template with the required Packet Transformation option.
- Visualize: You can select multiple policies and click Visualize to compare the policies.
Note: You can create policies by navigating to Actions > Create Policy from all of the tabs listed above. You can view the health status of the ports, tools and policies when creating the policy.
You must have the following licenses:
|GigaSMART Packet Slicing
|GigaSMART Header Addition
|GigaSMART Header Stripping
Refer to the Rules and Notes for Orchestrated Configurations section before creating the policy.
To create orchestrated policies:
- On the left navigation pane, click on and under Physical > Orchestrated Flows> Out-of-Band Flows.
- Click Create Policy. The Create Policy wizard is displayed. You can specify a name for the policy.
- Select Sources to select the available source ports or port groups.
- Click Select Tools to select the required tool ports (port type: tool port or hybrid). You cannot select a port that is already used. You can also associate a new tool using the Create New Tool option.
- Create the policy with the required rules. You can define the required filters and criterion in the rule.
- If you have configured multiple filters in a rule, then the traffic will be filtered only if all the filter rules are true.
- If you have configured multiple criterion in a rule, then the traffic will be filtered even if one of the criteria is true.
- Select the required packet transformation option. You can combine multiple packet transformation options with in a single rule. The GigaSMART packet transformation operations are performed in parallel.
- Click on the edit option next to the Processing Engine option to select the required GigaSMART engine ports for your rule. If you do not select the engine ports, then they will be automatically selected.
- For policies created based on multicluster topology, you must manually select the engine ports, as automatic allocation is not supported.
- For policies created based on single cluster topology, automatic allocation of engine ports is supported. However, only engine ports that have not been already used will be allocated.
- Enable the Prioritize Rules check box to create priority-based policy.
- Click the Tags option to associate the policy to tags. Refer to Tagging and RBAC Support section for more details.
- Click Validate to validate the policy. You can either:
- Click Save to save the policy. You can deploy the saved policies later.
- Click Deploy to deploy the policy.
Note: You can configure the sources, tools and policies in any sequence you want.
Note: If a port (port type: network or hybrid) is already used as a source port in any of the following standard GigaVUE‑FM configurations, then those ports will not be listed in the drop-down:
|5G CUPS solution
However, you can view all the ports in the Ports page.
Note: You can select Drop to drop the packets without selecting the tools. Refer to the Drop Rules section for details related to drop rules.
Note: You can create a policy with multiple rules. With in each rule, you can configure multiple criteria and multiple filters and use them together with the packet transformation options.
Note: Engine ports that have not been used in standard GigaSMART operations will only be available for selection. You cannot edit or delete an engine once a policy is deployed. However, you can remove the packet transformation and add the packet transformation option with a different engine.
Note: Use the Everything Else option to configure the shared collector. Refer to the GigaVUE Fabric Management Guide for details on Shared Collector.
The policy thus created is listed together with the list of policies. You can edit, delete, deploy and undeploy a policy, as required.
Tagging and RBAC Support
Role Based Access Control (RBAC) in GigaVUE-FM controls the access privileges of users and restricts users from either modifying or viewing unauthorized data. In Orchestrated Configurations, RBAC controls the accessibility of the users to the policies based on the tags. Tags can be either RBAC tags or aggregation tags. Multiple tags can be assigned to policies and rules.
Note: RBAC tags are supported only at the policy level. The orchestration wizard allows RBAC tags to be applied at the rule level as well, though it is not supported in this release.
To associate policies to tags:
- Click the Tags option at the policy level. You can associate tags either at the time of creating a policy or edit an existing policy.
- Select the required tag keys and tag values.
- Click Save.
Note: The tag key and the associated tag values must be created in advance in GigaVUEFM. Refer to the "Tags" and "Role Based Access Control" sections in the GigaVUE Administration Guide for more details
Once you associate the policy to a tag, only users with fm_super_admin role or users with read/write access to the Traffic Control Management category can access the policies.
You can use the Drop option in the 'Create Policy' wizard as the destination to drop a packet. For a drop rule to pass a packet, it must be used together with a pass rule or with the 'Everything Else' rule, such that the packets that do not match the drop criteria will be forwarded to the tools.
In orchestrated configurations, there are no rule priorities for pass rules. However, the following is the order of priority for prioritized and unprioritized drop rules together with the pass rules:
- Prioritized drop rules
- Pass rules
- Unprioritized drop rules
- Default collector
A drop rule, by default, has lower priority than the pass rule and higher priority than 'Everything else'. Therefore, a drop rule will drop the traffic before the traffic gets passed to the destination of the 'Everything Else' rule. However, a prioritized drop rule has the highest priority amongst all the rules in a policy and will drop matching traffic before any other policy rule can process that traffic.
Consider a scenario in which the intent is to drop packets with VLAN 101 and pass packets with IP version 4. Based on the default settings, if there is only IPv4 traffic on the source side, packets with VLAN Id 101 will not be dropped because pass rule has higher priority than the drop rule. To choose 'Drop' as high priority within the policy, you must prioritize the drop rule by checking the 'Prioritize Rule' option.
Note: To prioritize the drop rules in deployed policies, you must first undeploy the policy.
Starting in software version 5.11.00, you can import and export an orchestrated policy in YAML format. This allows you to bulk deploy the policies.
The following are the advantages of importing and exporting policies:
- Retrieve a policy that was deleted unintentionally.
- Deploy the policy in another device.
- Re-deploy a policy in the device after GigaVUE-FM is upgraded to a new version (in case of issues in the existing solution).
The YAML file contains the following information:
- Packet Transformation
The below is the Import and Export Policy sample template of a YAML file. You can use the following sample template as a reference while building a policy in YAML format.
- :
-
- ruleName:
- type: ipSrc
-
-
- type: portSrc
- type: ipVer
- type: dedup
# it is practical to have all the tool bindings separate from the policy body in order to leave the policy body as an abstract policy template
- toolName: Tool1
# in the future we may have also metadata receivers
- type: port
# possibly more tool bindings...
- sourceName: ChicagoServers
# in the future we will have various types including types that reflect tunnelling arrangements
- type: port
- criteriaName: CriteriaWithBinding
- type: ipDest
-
-
- type: port
Rules and Notes
Refer to the following rules and notes:
- You can export policies that either deployed or undeployed. However, when you import a policy, it will be in undeployed status. You must manually deploy the imported policy.
- You cannot import or export the egress port filters in a policy. You must manually apply them.
- When you export a policy that has GigaStream, port groups and other such groups, you must ensure that those groupings exist when you import the same policy. This also applies to tools that were created through the tool wizard.
- Port types involved in a policy that is exported must not be changed when trying to import the same policy.
- If templates were used to create a policy that was exported, then those templates must remain when importing a policy.
- You can import and export several policies in one operation.
Import and Export Orchestrated Configuration
To export a policy:
- In the Policies page, select the policy that must be exported.
- Select Actions and click Export Policy. The policy is downloaded as an YAML file.
- Save the


text:
This material must not be used for commercial purposes, or in any hospital or medical facility. Failure to comply may result in legal action.
How To Use A Bedside Commode
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW:
What is a bedside commode?
A bedside commode is a movable toilet that does not use running water. It looks like a chair with a toilet seat and has a bucket or container underneath. The container can be removed for cleaning after the commode is used. A commode can be placed beside the bed if a person cannot get to the bathroom. The commode may have wheels so that it can be rolled away when it is not needed. The wheels should be locked when the person uses the commode to prevent the chair from moving.
Why is a bedside commode needed?
A person may need to use a commode if he needs to stay in bed most of the time. A commode is useful if a person is weak or unsteady. If he is at risk of falling, a commode may be safer than walking to the bathroom.
How do I help someone use a bedside commode?
- Gather supplies:
- Disposable gloves
- Toilet paper or wipes
- Container with warm water
- Help a person use the commode:
- Lock the wheels of the commode.
- Make sure the container is under the seat.
- Put a small amount of water in the container before it is used. This makes it easier to clean the container later.
- Help the person out of bed and onto the commode. Use a gait belt if needed.
- Stay with the person for safety, or give them a bell to ring when they are done or need help.
- When the person is done:
- Put on a pair of disposable gloves.
- Help the person to stand.
- Use toilet paper, wipes, or soap and water to help the person clean their genital area or bottom. Gently towel dry.
- Help the person wash and dry his hands.
- Help the person back to bed.
- Remove the container and take it to the bathroom. Put the toilet seat up and empty the container into the toilet.
- Clean the container with a toilet brush, germ-killing cleanser, and water. Rinse well and put the container back under the commode. Remove your gloves and throw them away.
Care AgreementYou have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2018 Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. All illustrations and images included in CareNotes® are the copyrighted property of A.D.A.M., Inc. or IBM Watson Health
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.


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Do you know how to become an online travel Consultant?
Formation is at the base of every journey, for this reason we think this aspect that accompanies the activity of an Evolution Travel online travel Consultant fundamental not only in the initial phase but also afterwards, with constancy and continuity.
The aim of the whole journey is to develop the technical/touristic knowhow and the personal and professional competence necessary to build a successful entrepreneurial activity through classroom and online courses and formative events that are constantly organised to enable you to build a solid and fruitful commercial activity in the world of travel and tourism.
In synthesis here is how the formation of an Evolution Travel online travel Consultant is organised:
- BASIC COURSE - Theory
It is a course that is developed over recorded online sessions with a learning confirmation test in which you can see all the operative instruments in detail, the procedures and resources that an online travel Consultant has to manage his activity.
- BASIC CLASSROOM COURSE – Practise
The second phase of the Basic Course is a classroom course of 4 days and represents the moment in which the online travel Consultant begins, in the proper sense, his activity. Yes, we enter into the heart of the matter and begin to work the first requests!
- COACHING ONLINE – Online personalised sessions
It is a formative session, held by an expert online travel Consultant that follows a single person in his specific needs for 10 hours distributed over a two month period.
Online courses to which you can participate thanks to a dedicated platform that enables you to assist the course comfortably from home and interacting through a chat shared by all the participants. Every week there are from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 4 e-learning courses, which means an average of 150 e-learning courses in a year! From tourism technique, to online sales strategies, to procedures related to booking trips, to personal growth, to web-marketing, to the management of your time, to the single products and destinations and on how to sell them.
- EDUCATIONAL – Travelling as Consultants
Educationals are trips that the various Tour Operators organise to let operators in this field, who are in charge of selling the product, experience first-hand and on location, the destinations and services offered, in order to sell the product to their clients in a better way.
- OPEN DAY - Full immersion
The Open Days are formative days organised in various Italian cities to examine various aspects of the activity more in depth: from the instruments of the online agency, to specific touristic products, to web-marketing strategies to promote oneself on the WEB.
- ANNUAL CONVENTION - Formation, news, ideas…Once a year, in September, all Consultants reunite for the online travel Consultant Convention: 2 days that represent an important moment of gathering and formation for all participants!


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In an ever-evolving educational landscape, where we seek to nurture young minds and support their emotional development, the concept of calming corners has emerged as a powerful tool. These dedicated spaces in classrooms are more than just a trend; they are essential for promoting emotional resilience and well-being in our students. Let's delve into the importance of calming corners in classrooms and the transformative impact they can have.
Empowering Emotional Regulation
In today's fast-paced world, students face a multitude of stressors, from academic pressures to personal challenges. Calming corners provide a safe haven for students to manage their emotions and find solace when needed. By teaching children to recognize and cope with their feelings, we empower them to navigate life's ups and downs with grace and resilience.
Enhancing Focus and Learning
We all know that a calm mind is a receptive one. Calming corners help students regain focus and concentration, ensuring a more conducive learning environment. When a child can effectively self-regulate their emotions, they are better prepared to engage with lessons, absorb knowledge, and excel academically.
Conflict Resolution and Inclusivity
Calming corners serve as spaces where students can de-escalate emotional conflicts, learn to resolve disagreements, and practice empathy. Moreover, they promote inclusivity by accommodating students with diverse emotional needs, creating a classroom atmosphere that values and supports every individual.
Supporting Mental Health
In the wake of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of mental health in education has become increasingly evident. Calming corners contribute to students' overall well-being by offering a sanctuary for stress and anxiety management. By providing this support, we reduce the risk of mental health issues in our young learners.
Positive Behavioral Management
Calming corners can be instrumental in positive behavioral management. By reinforcing positive choices and providing an alternative to punitive measures, they help reduce disruptive behaviors and promote a culture of responsibility and self-awareness.
Life Skills for the Future
Teaching emotional regulation and self-soothing techniques in the classroom equips students with invaluable life skills. These skills extend far beyond the confines of the school and help them navigate the complexities of adulthood with a strong emotional foundation.
Implementing calming corners in our classrooms can create a compassionate and effective educational environment that nurtures not only young minds but also their hearts. Together, we can empower the next generation with the tools to thrive emotionally and academically.
Let's make our classrooms places where emotional resilience and well-being are not just aspirations but integral parts of the learning process. Your commitment to this vision can shape the future of our students and their capacity to thrive in a rapidly changing world.
In this video, Yoga 4 Classrooms owner Sarah Kirk, shares how to use calming corners at school and at home to help young people learn emotional regulation and emotion identification.
Purchase the Yoga 4 Classrooms Activity Cards, the Yoga for Children Activity Cards, or the Breathing Ball mentioned in the video here: _URL_ Subscribe to our newsletter for more tips, resources, and inspiration: _URL_ And don't forget to follow us on social!
- Facebook: _URL_
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With peace and positivity,
Sarah Kirk CEO of Y4C: _URL_
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This eLearning module has been designed to meet the needs of workers who come into contact with people who may use Novel Psychoactive Substances (sometimes known as Legal Highs).
By the end of this module, participants will be able to:
- Name the seven categories of substances which apply to NPS.
- Recall the legislation affecting NPS and where to access further information on the legal status of individual substances.
- Recall current and emerging trends with regards to NPS in Scotland.
- Give an overview of two key substances in use.
- Identify techniques to support users of NPS.
- Describe typical patterns of use, including poly-substance use.


Here at Land To House you can find Hydraulic Ram Pumps for sale as well as a host of information of installing a pump. You can also find Land To House camping gear here. Please browse around and check out the projects that I have worked on over the years.
Hydraulic Ram Pumps For Sale
5 Steps to Buying a Ram Pump
(Already know the size you need? Click Here)
1. Determine your Water Flow Rate.
The ram pump needs flowing water to operate. The amount of water that you have available in the creek determines the size ram pump that you can use.
Here are the flow rate specs for each size ram pump available on Land To House
1/2″ Ram Pump 2gpm(7.6Lpm)
3/4″ Ram Pump 4gpm(15Lpm)
1″ Ram Pump 6gpm(22.7Lpm)
1-1/4″ Ram Pump 8gpm(30.3Lpm)
The water that each pump size needs is consistent for operation regardless of delivery flow.
How to measure flow rate? Use a 5 gallon bucket to catch the water. Time how long it takes in seconds. Divide 300 by seconds and you will have the Gallons per Minute.
Flow rate test
2. Determine your Head Pressure (water drop from source to pump)
The Ram Pump needs falling water to utilize the water hammer effect (ram). This is called Head Pressure. The pump works on a 1:7 ratio input head pressure to lift. For example if you have 10 feet of head pressure the pump will lift 70 feet vertical.
There are a few ways that you can determine the head pressure.
a. Take a garden hose and lay it in the creek. Let water run into the upper end. Lift the lower end up until the water stops flowing. Measure the distance from the surface of the water to the hose end. This is the head pressure available to the pump.
b. Place a garden hose in the creek and use a gauge that reads psi (pounds per square inch). Convert the psi to feet by using: psi/.433=feet of head.
c. Use a site such as Google Earth to find the elevation of the upper and lower parts of the creek and subtract the lower number from the higher number to find the head pressure.
head pressure
3. Determine the Lift height from the pump to where you need water
The main limiting factor of the ram pump is the lift height of the water. The horizontal distance that water is pumped is not an issue.
There are a few ways to determine the lift height.
a. The easy way is to use a site like Google Earth to get a general idea of the lift height. Take the elevation of the highest point you need water and the elevation of the pump location. Subtract the lower elevation from the higher elevation and you will have the lift height.
b. Use a clinometer. This tool finds angles of the incline and will let you use trig to find the height of lift.
c. Fill a garden hose or pipe with water and use a psi gauge to find the height. psi/.433=feet of head.
Elevation finder
4. Determine how much water you need in a day.
The amount of water that you need in a day is based on your own application. That being said here is what each ram pump size can supply in a day:
(Max output based on ideal setup)
1/2″ pump : 360 Gallons per day. (1211 liter per day)
3/4″ pump : 720 Gallons per day. (2725 Liter per day)
1″ pump : 1080 Gallons per day. (4088 Liter per day)
1-1/4″ pump : 1440 Gallons per day. (5451 Liter per day)
Keep in mind that these numbers are based on ideal input head pressure and lift height. If you have less head pressure or you are lifting higher your flow will be less.
5. Select the ram pump size below that fits your needs. If you still have questions please check out the Frequently Asked Questions.
To learn more about selecting the right pump, watch this video:
What else do you need to get the ram pump running?
-You will need a Drive Pipe to get water to the pump. This can be PVC or Poly Pipe. Be sure to match the pump size and the Drive pipe.
-You need a Delivery Pipe to take water up hill from the pump. This can be any size you like. Garden Hose, PVC Pipe, and Poly Pipe are all good options.
-Depending on the pipes you select you will need fittings to connect to the pump.
 - For PVC you will need adaptors from thread to socket. Then you will need couplings to connect sections of pipe.
 - For Poly Pipe you will need barb fittings that go from thread to barb. Then you will need barb to barb connectors to join sections of pipe. Hose clamps are often needed to keep the poly on the barb.
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Land To House


Curve Fitting Toolbox
Smoothing a Histogram
This example shows how to use spline commands from Curve Fitting Toolbox™ to smooth a histogram.
Here is a histogram of some random values that might represent data that were collected on some measurement.
y = randn(1,5001);
We would like to derive from this histogram a smoother approximation to the underlying distribution. We do this by constructing a spline function f whose average value over each bar interval equals the height of that bar.
If h is the height of one of these bars, and its left and right edges are at L and R, then we want the spline f to satisfy
 integral {f(x) : L < x < R}/(R - L) = h,
or, with F the indefinite integral of f, i.e., DF = f,
 F(R) - F(L) = h*(R - L).
[heights,centers] = hist(y);
hold on
ax = gca;
ax.XTickLabel = [];
n = length(centers);
w = centers(2)-centers(1);
t = linspace(centers(1)-w/2,centers(end)+w/2,n+1);
p = fix(n/2);
fill(t([p p p+1 p+1]),[0 heights([p p]),0],'w')
plot(centers([p p]),[0 heights(p)],'r:')
h = text(centers(p)-.2,heights(p)/2,' h');
dep = -70;
tL = text(t(p),dep,'L');
tR = text(t(p+1),dep,'R');
hold off
So, with n the number of bars, t(i) the left edge of the i-th bar, dt(i) its width, and h(i) its height, we want
 F(t(i+1)) - F(t(i)) = h(i) * dt(i), for i = 1:n,
or, setting arbitrarily F(t(1)) = 0,
 F(t(i)) = sum {h(j)*dt(j) : j=1:i-1}, for i = 1:n+1.
dt = diff(t);
Fvals = cumsum([0,heights.*dt]);
Add to this the two end conditions DF(t(1)) = 0 = DF(t(n+1)), and we have all the data we need to get F as a complete cubic spline interpolant.
F = spline(t, [0, Fvals, 0]);
The two extra zero values in the second argument indicate the zero endslope conditions.
Finally, the derivative, f = DF, of the spline F is the smoothed version of the histogram.
DF = fnder(F); % computes its first derivative
h.String = 'h(i)';
tL.String = 't(i)';
tR.String = 't(i+1)';
hold on
fnplt(DF, 'r', 2)
hold off
ylims = ylim;


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: Cold Gaian worlds with periodic, or persistent, ice ages More Information Here
- Campian Subtype: Dry Gaian worlds with 25% to 50% ocean cover More Information Here
- Paludial Subtype: Humid Gaian worlds with 25% to 50% ocean cover More Information Here
- Lacustric Subtype:Humid Gaian worlds with low topography and 50-80% ocean coverage; some of these worlds have extensive rainforest-type biomes More Information Here.
- Chlorogaian (Halogenic) type: Gaian worlds with high levels of atmospheric chlorine. More: Chlorine Worlds.
- To'ul'hese Worlds: These worlds are essentially Gaian versions of the Cytherean worlds. Thick and dense atmospheres, as well as a large amount of water, create high surface pressures and high temperatures. Life arises and adapts to these conditions, and can become quite diverse indeed. In one known instance, it has lead to an independent form of sapient life. More: To'ul'hian Worlds.
- Pelagic Subtype Gaian worlds where oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More Information here
- EuPelagic Subtype Gaian worlds where shallow oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More information here
- BathyPelagic Subtype: Gaian worlds where deep oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More information here.
- PelaGelidic Subtype, ice covered ocean worlds More information here.
- TundralPelagic subtype, partially ice covered ocean worlds More information here.
- Xeric subtype Dry worlds with less than 25% ocean cover More information here.
- HyperXeric subtype Very dry worlds with less than 10% ocean cover More information here.
- PostGaian subtype: Old Gaian Worlds that are losing their biosphere and hydrosphere More information here.
SUPER-TERRESTRIAL CLASS: worlds that are moderately massive, intermediate in mass between Terrestrial worlds and Gas Giants More details here.
This class of worlds is both numerous and varied; most types of terrestrial worlds also exist as superterrestial types, but with higher gravity and greater mass which can profoundly affect the conditions on the surface.
Among the most common types of superterrestrial are SuperHermian, SuperCytherian and SuperGaian types, as well as the more unusual types listed below.
- Pyrothalassic Type: Hot superterrestrials More information here
- Pyrohydrothallasic Type - Hot waterworlds More information here
- Panthalassic Type: Giant Waterworlds More information here
- Nebulous Type: Superterrestrials with thick, helium-rich atmospheres. Helium worlds of this kind often have superrotating atmospheres; those which are tidally locked often have wildly assymetric weather patterns.
- Gas Dwarfs. Example Kepler 11b
- Other types of superterrestrial planets include certain hyperbarian and chthonian worlds, some of which have very sparse atmospheres indeed.
Image from John M Dollan
Gas Giants (also known collectively as Jovian worlds) form beyond the snow line, and have very large fluid envelopes compared to their cores. Some rare, and very ancient gas giants formed around the first generation of very low metallicity stars and have almost no rocky or metallic component. Gas giants are classified in two waysby temperature, which affects the composition of the cloud layers of the giant in a number of significant ways, and by mass. Examples of each of the temperature classes can be found in any of the size classes, and vice versa, although some size classes are more common at certain temperatures and vice versa.
A typical gas giant may be classified using both size and temperature types to create a subtype, so the full classification might be Meso-EuJovian Subtype(This is the full classification for Jupiter) or Super-HyperthermalJovian Subtype (the full classification for Behemoth, Hat-P-1B).
Gas Giant Size Classes
Neptunian Class: 0.03 to 0.2 Jupiter masses
- MicroJovian Type Small gas giants, with minimal solid core. More information Here.
- SubJovian Type Medium sized gas giants, 0.08 to 0.2 Jupiter Masses. Many worlds of this type are outer system cryojovian worlds like Neptune and Uranus. More information here.
- Hot Neptunes - a numerous class of world, which may be MicroJovian or Subjovian in mass, and EpiStellar or Hyperthermal in temperature More information here.
Jovian Class: 0.2 to 13.0 Jupiter masses
- Mesojovian Type Major Type of Jovian Class of planet. Masses from 0.21 to 8.0 that of Jupiter More information here
- SuperJovian Type Jovian worlds with masses from 8.1 to 13.0 that of Jupiter, the theoretical upper limit of planets. Objects more massive than this are classed as Brown Dwarfs. More information here.
Gas Giant Temperature Types
- HyperthermalJovian Type: Very hot gas giants, with temperatures above 1400 Kelvin. Includes so=called 'Puffy worlds' and 'Comet worlds'. More Information here.
- EpiStellar Jovian Type: Hot, dark gas giants with temperatures between 900 Kelvin and 1400 Kelvin. More information here
- AzuriJovian Type Warm clarified blue gas giants with temperatures between 350K and 800K. More information here.
- HydroJovian Type: Temperate gas giants with clouds predominantly consisting of water vapour. More information here.
- EuJovian Type: Cool gas giants, with clouds predominantly consisting of ammonia. More information here.
- CryoJovian Type: Cold gas giants in the outer reaches of a planetary system, generally too cold for clouds to form at all. More information here.
Other World Classes
- HyperBarian Class: Very dense planets with cores up to 100 x Earth's mass. More information here.
- Chthonian Class: Gas giant worlds, formerly HyperthermalJovians, which have lost their volatiles through evaporation. More information here.
- Stevensonian Class Planetary mass objects which are found in interstellar space. More information here.
ARTIFICIAL CLASS The artificial worlds found within the Terragen Sphere have almost all been constructed by humans and their mind-children; some, such as the Black Acropolis, are much older. Artificial worlds fall into two broad categoriesthose that rotate to produce artificial gravity, and those that do not.
- Rotating Space Habitats Habitats constructed using conventional materials - includes Paired Habitats, Stanford Tori, O'Neill Cylinders, Bernal Spheres, Bishop Rings. More information Here.
- Banks Orbitals and Ringworlds - Rotating habitats made from exotic materials (see Banks Orbitals).
- Non Rotating Space Habitats - often used by space adapted clades; can be very large, but they are limited by their densityif they are too dense they will undergo self-gravitational collapse. More information here.
- Ederworlds More information here.
- Supermundane Worlds -worlds dynamically suspended above planets and stars. More information here
- Freespheres - microgravity balloons containing atmosphere -can be very large indeed. More information here.
- Dyson Swarms and Spheres Many variants of this type of construct are described here.


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YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO } Coccyzus americanus
DESCRIPTION: The yellow-billed cuckoo is a robin-sized bird with a slender, long-tailed profile, a length of roughly 12 inches, and a weight of two ounces. The bill is stout, slightly down-curved, and blue-black with yellow on the base of the lower mandible. Plumage is grayish-brown above and white below, with red primary flight feathers; tail feathers are boldly patterned with black and white below. All adults have a narrow yellow eye ring. Gender or seasonal variations in coloration are not present, but females are larger than males.
HABITAT: Western yellow-billed cuckoos require large patches (ideally 25 to 100 acres) of streamside willows and cottonwoods.
RANGE: W estern yellow-billed cuckoo s occur west of the crest of the Continent al Divide; in southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, western yellow-billed cuckoos are found west of the mountain ranges that form the eastern edge of the Rio Grande watershed.
MIGRATION: Cuckoos leave North America in August and head to their wintering grounds in northwestern Costa Rica, Panama, and west of the Andes in Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is believed that western cuckoos migrate primarily to southern Central America, remaining along the Pacific, and down into northwestern South America, remaining west of the Andes.
BREEDING: Clutch size is usually two or three large, blue eggs with a breeding cycle of 17 days from egg-laying to fledging of young.
LIFE CYCLE: Males and females reach sexual maturity the first year after hatching. Females lay large eggs that allow for a short incubation period and more mature hatchlings. The pair constructs the nest upon which both will incubate eggs for nine to 11 days. Parents begin feeding hatchlings within one hour of hatching; by the second day, hatchlings are eating whole insects; by the third day, hatchlings are able to stand on the nest rim. At age seven to nine days, the young leave the nest, usually by running along tree limbs; the parents continue to provide food. Chicks will be able to fly between 17 and 21 days after hatching and within a few weeks will migrate to South America.
FEEDING : More than 75 percent of the yellow-billed cuckoo's diet is comprised of grasshoppers and caterpillars, though the species has been known to eat other insects such as beetles, cicadas, wasps, flies, katydids, dragonflies, and praying mantids. The yellow-billed cuckoo is also able to eat toxic, hairy, and spiny larvae like the tent caterpillar.
THREATS: The loss, degradation, and fragmentation of riparian habitat due to widespread logging, grazing, water diversion and pumping, agribusiness, and urban sprawl pose serious threats to the yellow-billed cuckoo.
POPULATION TREND: The western subspecies of yellow-billed cuckoo has declined precipitously west of the Continental Divide and is now extinct in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and northernmost California.
|Photo © Ron Austing||HOME / DONATE NOW / SIGN UP FOR E-NETWORK / CONTACT US / PHOTO USE /|


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Professor Havighurst exhaustively explores the antitrust implications of fee, utilization, and quality-oriented peer review. He places such activity first in a theoretical context and then in an historical context that shows why peer review merits particular antitrust attention. He suggests the defending peer review on the same public-interest grounds as are used in defense of the actions of public regulatory bodies is conceptually mistaken. A more appropriate defense, he says, would be that properly conducted peer review-- which eschews coercion, performs an advisory function, and leaves to others the decision whether to act on its advice-- actually enhances competition in the consumer's interest. Contrary to numerous contemporary commentators, he argues that special antitrust exemptions for peer-review bodies are not only unncecessary, but would be counterproductive to the continued evolution of sound antitrust principles. Professor Havighurst addresses the effects of peer review on both its professional sponsors and third parties. He concludes the when it does not adversely affect judicial scrutiny. Such a result would reinforce the notion that antitrust law should protect competition, not competitors.
Clark C. Havighurst, Professional Peer Review and the Antitrust Laws, 36 Case Western Reserve Law Review _PHONE_ (1985)


Technically Strong Market
Definition of 'Technically Strong Market'
A market in which both open interest and prices are increasing or in which both open interest and prices are decreasing. A market in which trading volume corresponds to price change where increasing volume accompanies increasing prices, and decreasing volume accompanies decreasing prices is considered technically strong.
Investopedia explains 'Technically Strong Market'
Technical analysts try to profit from trends in the prices of securities. They believe that historical pricing trends tend to repeat themselves, and by using price charts to identify these trends they can determine the best times to buy or sell to make a profit. Technical analysts are not concerned with fundamentals like the quality of a company's product or service, or its management.
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Hot Definitions
 1. Joint Venture - JV
 2. Aggregate Risk
 3. Organic Growth
 4. Family Limited Partnership - FLP
 5. Yield Burning
 6. Marginal Analysis
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Charleston, SC Felony Gun Crimes Attorney
When you are facing a Charleston felony gun crime it is important to understand that both State and Federal law cover gun crimes in South Carolina. Understanding this is critical to your case which is why you need to consult an experienced Charleston Felony Gun Crimes Lawyer that is familiar with both forums when seeking legal guidance in your South Carolina firearm arrest.
What is a Felony Gun Crimes Crime?
This charge differs from "Unlawful Carrying" in two important ways. First, it is a felony gun charge and second, you can be charged with this offense even if you had the gun stored in a lawful place. For example, the gun was in a closed glove compartment of your vehicle but the serial number is obliterated or it is a stolen. What does the state have to prove?
 1. Possession or acquisition;
 1. Of a handgun;
 1. That is stolen;
 2. The serial number has been removed or obliterated.
 1. By
 1. Any person convicted of a crime of violence;
 2. A fugitive from justice;
 3. An habitual drunkard;
 4. A drug addict;
 5. Anyone adjudicated mentally incompetent;
 6. A person under 18 yrs. of age (with exceptions)
 7. Any person adjudicated unfit by a Circuit or County judge.
Mt. Pleasant Gun Crime Lawyer
What is a Crime of Violence?
Under this statute, crime of violence means:
Unlawful possession of a handgun is classified as a felony gun crime and carries 0-5 years in prison and confiscation of the weapon.
Contact a Charleston, SC Criminal Defense Attorney
If you need a Charleston Gun Crimes Lawyer, call Charleston Criminal Defense Attorney Dale Savage at _PHONE_ for your free consultation, all discussions are confidential.
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Inland transport represents 40 percent of the total cost of moving West African cocoa and coffee exports from their origin to their port of destination. With so many landlocked countries this is a multinational problem, one that must be confronted on a regional or corridor basis.
The port-to-rail link, the first major weakness, is often inhibited by conflicts between rail and port jurisdictions over rail segments in port areas. The lack of integration prevents effective operation of the container trade, as containers are loaded and unloaded in port areas, exacerbating congestion. Some of the most successful rail lines in Africa operate in national corridors where specialized rail and port facilities are vertically integrated. Spoornet coal and ore lines and Gabonese manganese ore are two examples.
Another key issue is the potential role of inland waterways and their effective integration into the regional road and rail network. The vast Congo River basin, as well as the great lakes of East and Central Africa, were once key elements of the regional transport network; even today they provide very cost-effective surface transportation. However, they have been in decline due to the considerable costs and delays associated with transferring freight onto barges from trucks and trains, operations made necessary because of the long neglect of dredging, signaling, and port infrastructure—all necessary to integrate waterways into national transportation systems.


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A fast-growing meningioma is probably not benign, according to Mayo Clinic. The overwhelming majority of meningiomas are benign, grow very slowly, usually don't have symptoms and don't require intensive treatment.Continue Reading
Even a benign meningioma can cause problems if it grows large enough, claims Mayo Clinic. Some meningiomas are considered atypical, which means they are neither malignant or benign. If a meningioma has symptoms, they can include blurred or double vision, numbness and weakness, headaches, seizures, changes in personality and problems with speech. The symptoms may be subtle at first.
Meningiomas are usually found at the outer curve and top of the brain, at the base of the brain and in the tissue over the spinal cord, according to the American Brain Tumor Association. Problems occur when the tumor starts to grow downward into the brain or the spinal cord, which places pressure on them. The tumor can also grow upward and cause the bone of the skull to thicken.
Many meningiomas contain cysts, calcifications or tangles of blood vessels, according to ABTA. They are most often found in women and in people 60 years of age or above. Doctors don't know what causes them, but many people with meningiomas have an abnormality on chromosome 22.Learn more about Cancer