Magen Avraham on Orach Chaim 202:22 (excerpt):
Magen Avraham 202:22:
(ב"י רשב"א) ומיהו בפירות יבשים כגון תפוחים ואגסים וגדגדניו' ופלומי"ן ד"ה דמברך אמימיהן בפה"ע דהא אין דרכן אלא למשלקינהו לא למכלינהו בעינייהו וכן אני נוהג ועיקר (ב"ח) וצ"ע דמשמע דטע' הרשב"א משום דדרכן למשלקינהו מעיקרא נטעי להו אדעתא דהכי למשלקינהו ואם כן פירות דלא נטעי להו אדעת' דהכי אף על פי שיבשן אח"כ לא מהני וכ"כ הלבוש דדוק' פירות שרוב אכילתן ע"י בישול מברך בפה"ע (עסט"ו) וכן מ"כ בשם רש"ל:
My summary / translation:
Dried fruit such as apples, pears and plums that are poached in water you say "Borei Pri Ha'etz" on drinking their water (juice), and this is how I behave.
Explaining Rashb"a, he states that if the fruit was planted with the initial purpose that they be consumed via poaching / cooking, the bracha should be "Ha'etz"
Tea and coffee are not normally consumed as whole plants. Tea leaves and coffee beans are soaked in water, and it would seem that this was their purpose of being planted (that it would be consumed this way). Based on the above logic, their bracha should be "Ha'etz" when drinking a cup of tea or coffee. Yet the majority custom, AFAIK, is to say "Shehakol". Why?
From: Kof-K
The halacha is if one takes a vegetable etc and cooks it the beracha on the water is the same beracha as the vegetable, etc.1 Therefore, the beracha on coffee should be an ha'etz. However, the custom is that the beracha recited on coffee (in the liquid state) is shehakol.2 Some say the reason is because the water is the main ingredient.3
 1. Mesechtas Berochos 39a, Shulchan Aruch 205:1.
 2. Halachos Ketanos 1:9, Shevus Yaakov 2:5, Birchei Yosef 202:9, Ben Ish Chai Pinchus 1:10, Be'er Heitiv 202:19, Sheilas Yaavetz 2:142, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 53:3, Kaf Ha'chaim 202:70, Pachad Yitzchok (Cofffee) 7:page 60, Rivevos Ephraim 5:148, Yalkut Yosef 3:page 338:14, Chazzon Ovadia (Tu B'shevat) pages 282-283, Piskei Teshuvos 202:28, Rivevos Ephraim 6:79, Sharei Ha'beracha 17:44 and pages 680-681:footnote 654. If one recited ha'etz he was yotzei (Opinion of the Yabea Omer quoted in Yalkut Yosef ibid page 339, see V'sein Beracha page 450:footnote 21 who says this is not true for instant coffee). See Panim M'eros 1:95, 190. Refer to Pnei Ha'shulchan pages 178-180.
 3. Refer to Pnei Ha'shulchan page 179, see Shulchan Aruch Harav 202:12, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 53:3, Yechaveh Da'as 4:42.
If memory serves, I believe Rav Moshe Feinstein, z"l, wrote something similar. See also: _URL_
The Rosh [13]writes that this Halacha of the Gemarah is not an absolute rule. The water does not always take the identity of the vegetable itself, and in some cases the Berachah on the water would remain a Shehakol. Rosh explains that the water will only acquire a new Berachah-identity if, and only if, one is cooking the soup in order to eat the vegetables also. It is then that the water can be viewed as being one with the vegetables and allow it to be viewed as having become part of the "greater soup". It is in such a case that the Berachah will be the same as the vegetable itself. However, if one is only cooking the vegetable so that the water should be infused with its taste, and not because he also wants to eat the vegetables, then he would only recite a Shehakol on the water as the water retains its own identity, albeit with a better taste; it's just a cup of flavored water.
Perach Mateh Aharon[14] writes that it is based on the reasoning of the Rosh that we recite a Shehakol on coffee, tea and even beer because the tea leaves are not being eaten, the coffee grinds are definitely going to be thrown out and nary a hop will ever be found in a bottle of beer. The whole intention of the cooking process in solely for the resultant drink and not for the tea leaves, beans and hops at all. So while it is true that the tea leaf and the coffee bean and the hops are boiled in the water, and it is true that from the simple understanding of the Gemarah the water should have required an upgraded berachah. However, when you apply the Rosh's qualification of this Halachah it allows for, and even encourages, the general custom to recite a Shehakol on a nice steaming cup of a morning Starbucks coffee[15](see footnote) as one is only focused on the drink itself and not anything else. On the other hand, the Panim Meiros counters that tea and coffee are in a different class when it comes to this Halachah. Tea leaves and coffee are planted, cultivated, roasted and ground in order to produce this drink. This is the end result and the bottom line for the tea and coffee; it was produced for just this purpose and is only edible in this state. So, of course the water in which the coffee/tea was boiled will take on a greater significance than just being flavored water, whereupon it will take upon itself the berachah of the tea leaf or the coffee bean, as this is what they were grown for.
The Panim Meiros has put forth a seemingly strong halachic argument and brought many proofs to support his case[16]. However, he ends off his responsa by stating that the beracha on coffee and tea still remains a Shehakol as this has been the minhag of the Jews for as long as he can remember and the minhag is not going to change, therefore, he too only recited a Shehakol on coffee and tea. In addition, many of the gedolim of his era, such as the Beis Meir[17], and the Shvus Yaakov[18]differed with the Panim Meiros' understanding of the Rosh and were of the opinion that the correct berachah on these beverages are a Shehakol.
 1. Shaalos U'Teshuvos HaRosh Klal 4, siman 15. Also in the Rosh's Halachos in Masechta Berachos on Daf 39a.
 2. Rav Aharon Hakohen Perachia (_PHONE_). Wrote the SeferPerech Mateh Aharon, appointed chief rabbi of Salonika in 1688.
 3. This is referring to home-brewed Starbucks coffee. As of late there has been much written about the kashrus of the general Starbucks stores since that they have started to serve non kosher, indeed treif, heated items in their stores. Although the unflavored, and some of the flavored, ground coffee is under a very reliable hashgacha, the treif


text:
Conservation at Work!
Our mission: To develop leadership, self-confidence, and a strong work ethic in youth and young adults through the active stewardship of Wisconsin's communities and natural resources.
WisCorps, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) conservation corps headquartered in La Crosse, Wisconsin that engages youth and young adults in two areas:
- Conservation Projects throughout Wisconsin and the Upper Midwest.
- Nature education programs for schoolchildren, youth, and adults
Under the supervision of an experienced leader, crews of 4 to 6 Corps Members ages 16 to 25 complete high-quality work as they gain technical skills and expand their knowledge of Wisconsin's natural resources. Corps Members are paid a wage for their work. Projects crews have completed in Wisconsin and throughout the Upper Midwest include:
- trail construction and rehabilitation
- invasive species management
- rock staircase and retaining wall construction
- storm damage cleanup
- prairie restoration
- bridge and boardwalk construction stream bank stabilization
Nature Education Programs
At WisCorps, we believe that environmental and nature education is crucial to the
development of children, youth, and adults through quality learning experiences in nature and with a positive and welcoming atmosphere. Our goal is to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship for the environment and our natural resources throughout the La Crosse community and surrounding area as a whole. As a result, individuals will develop a deeper understanding of environmental issues and have the skills to make informed and responsible decisions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Jalapeno means "from Xalapa"- or Jalapa, the capital city of Veracruz, Mexico, where the pepper was traditionally cultivated, which explains the origin of its name. Enjoyed by the Aztecs before the Spanish conquest, they've become one of the world's great culinary peppers. Their flavor is bright, fruity, grassy, and somewhat like a green bell pepper. When dried and smoked, they become chipotles. Scoville Heat Units: 2,500 – 8,000.


T7 Quickstart Tutorial | LabJack
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App Notes
Software & Driver
T7 Quickstart Tutorial
T7 Quickstart Overview
1. Install the appropriate LabJack driver and software bundle.
The installer covers UD devices (U3, U6, UE9) and LJM devices (T-series, Digit), so not all installed applications will work with the T7. The following applications work with the T7:
 - Kipling,
 - LJLogM, and
 - LJStreamM.
Only run 1 application at a time.
If there is an installation problem, see the Windows Installer Troubleshooting (App Note)
2. Connect the T7 to the computer or hub via USB.
The status LED should blink at power up and then stay solid on to indicate successful enumeration. If Windows asks about installing new hardware accept the defaults. If the device does not enumerate see item F on the USB Communication Failure App Note.
3. Run Kipling.
Kipling is a free application installed along with the driver. You should be able to find it in the Start Menu links.
4. Click "Refresh Devices" if the desired connection is not listed.
5. Click the connection (e.g. "USB").
6. Navigate to the Dashboard.
7. Connect a jumper wire securely from DAC0 to AIN0.
For a guaranteed valid connection, a conductor must be clamped securely in the screw-terminal, not just touching some part of the screw-terminal.
DAC stands for "Digital to Analog Converter", AIN stands for "Analog Input".
8. While still in the Dashboard, read the voltage level of AIN0.
Adjust the DAC0 analog output voltage, and you will see AIN0 follow DAC0 if the jumper wire is installed.
9. Connect one end of the jumper wire to GND, touching the other end inside the FIO3 terminal.
GND stands for Ground. Try connecting and disconnecting the FIO3 end of the jumper wire.
10. The Dashboard will read the current state of the digital input.
Digital inputs have an internal weak pull-up resistor that holds them high when nothing is connected. When the GND wire is connected to FIO3, the digital input will change from logic level High to logic level Low.
Moving forward from here...
Basic Functionality Examples:
Connecting via Ethernet or WiFi:
Software Options:
On-board Lua Scripting:
Getting Support:
Will the T7-Pro Real Time Clock be set by NTP, PTP or manually? PTP would be awesome, but usually requires certain CPUs. It would also be great if it could stream and log at the same time based on an autostart script.
Right now we have only set the RTC manually. We will look at NTP and PTP, but just not sure at this point.
I'm not sure what exactly you are saying with "stream and log at the same time based on an autostart script". Let us know a little more about what you have in mind.
I would like the T7-Pro to power up, configure itself (channels, ranges, rates) based on a file and then log that data as well as stream it realtime. It would either stream UDP or make a connection (per the config file) and stream to that device. It would appear that a startup script would be required to accomplish this; either stored in flash or on the SD card with the config file. The config file would be on the SD card so different configurations could be on separate SD cards. This may be asking too much, but it would also be neat if it could stream to a NAS. While I'm piling it on, POE would be nice too. It would also be nice to be able to reclaim the 2 internalized channels to have a standard 16 channel DAQ.
I haven't actually used it, but I have looked at how it works and I'm glad to see that you've chosen LUA as your scripting engine.
Some places (like mine) have a big problem with WiFi. I'm sure it's in there pretty tight so it wouldn't be an easy thing to actually remove. We should be able to get around it since it can be turned off (I'm guessing).
Can't say exactly when/if we would support this, but it does not sound unreasonable. Script initiated sampling is definitely routine. Writing that data to uSD and/or sending it out spontaneously is also expected behavior in general. Not sure about streaming to NAS at this point.
POE is not built into the device. If we can't find a suitable POE splitter that splits to USB, we might make our own.
You can expand from 14 to 84 analog inputs using the Mux80.
The WiFi can be powered down easily, and you can make that the reset default. If it is really a hurdle, we could figure out how to offer a T7 with RTC and uSD but no WiFi installed.
Can we use DAQFactory to connect T7 over Ethernet? I have a U6 at the moment, but we need to have ethernet communication for a new project. I was just about to purchase a UE9 when I saw the new T7. Please let me know if DAQFacotry support T7. Thanks
You should be able to use the T7 using TCP and Modbus in DAQFactory. As for direct T7 support in DAQFactory we will look into the status of this and get back to you.
Thanks so much for the prompt reply. Along with my other analog sensors, I need to interface a GPS through SPI to Labjack T7 as well. Will you enable SPI communication soon? I read in the support page that SPI is still not supported. Thanks again...
SPI is in firmware, so we just need to document it and make a simple example. Email us at [email protected] when you need to use SPI on the T7.
We have talked to AzeoTech. They have a basic example of how to talk to the LJM driver using DAQFactory's ability to call external DLL functions. This you can do now with current DF. They have also started added special support for LJM and can likely provide something pretty quick... you might contact AzeoTech for an update on that. SPI will likely still require some script code, at least, to handle the arrays that need to be passed back and forth, so LabJack/AzeoTech would need to provide extra help in the form of an example.
Thank you very much.. I will contact when I need help
I've got a T7. How do I access the I2C communication functionality? I2C is mentioned as beta feature, but there is nothing in the manual nor in the example code. Thanks.
Please email [email protected] and we will help get you going with I2C on the T7.
If I have T7 can I generate pulses for step motor or I need to buy extended module? And what is the frequency range this DAQ device can support?
Do you have a stepper motor controller? I suggest you search labjack.com using the term "stepper motor". The controller does 2 things:
 - Provides the higher power needed to drive the motor.
 - You simply provide a pulse to move the motor forward or reverse, and the controller figures out the correct phase sequencing for the motor.
The T7 uses the DIO-EF system to create pulse outputs. I suggest you contact us at [email protected] or post on the forum to get into more details. Let us know how many pulses you want to create per software command, what pulse width, and what pulse period.
Once my T7 is installed it will be difficult to reach via USB - only ethernet will be available. I may need to adjust watchdog settings.
Can the watchdog timeout (and actions) be set programmatically (in C)? If so, is there an example?
Thank you.
Yes, watchdog can be set programmatically in C. For an example, please see the examples files download here:
read_watchdog_config.c and write_watchdog_config.c are available in the watchdog directory.
For more information, the watchdog documentation for the T7 is available here:
Thank you.
Something is not right. Running your sample code (write_watchdog_config.c) I get this error:
I have installed the library from: LabJackM-1.0300-Ubuntu-Linux-x86_64.tar_.gz
This appears to be mismatched with the examples.
Are you running the sample code in LabJackM-1.0300-Ubuntu-Linux-x86_64/examples/watchdog/write_watchdog_config.c or in C-C++-LJM-1.0300-examples-2014-02-07/examples/watchdog/write_watchdog_config.c?
In short:
C-C++-LJM-1.0300-examples-2014-02-07 contains the currently correct watchdog examples;
LabJackM-1.0300-Ubuntu-Linux-x86_64 does not contain correct watchdog examples.
C-C++-LJM-1.0300-examples-2014-02-07/examples/watchdog/write_watchdog_config.c does not contain WATCHDOG_OPTIONS_DEFAULT or WATCHDOG_KEY_DEFAULT, while LabJackM-1.0300-Ubuntu-Linux-x86_64/examples/watchdog/write_watchdog_config.c unfortunately does


X and Motif I18N Support
When X11R5 and Motif 1.2 were released, they contained new data types, function calls, fonts, and modifications to widgets to handle the localization of graphical user interface (GUI) applications. These additions provide a method by which you can create applications, with one set of source code, that can run in any one of several alternative languages, depending on the locale. Although these additions enable I18N and localization, they do not facilitate them.
Types of problems
When internationalizing an application, there are three broad types of problem:
· File processing problems
How are characters encoded; how does your application deal with storage formats for dates, addresses, currency, and so on?
· Input problems
How are the characters of a complex character set (for example, ideographic sets) actually entered when it is impractical to construct a physical keyboard capable of representing every one of those characters?
· Output problems
How are characters of different languages displayed within the application, especially within the same text area?
Note: Builder Xcessory uses the same features supported in generated code, so you can choose to run Builder Xcessory in another locale. This allows strings to be input with that locale's input method.
Note: A Japanese version is available. Contact your ICS Sales Representative.


Update: Are General Sectioning Guidelines Still Applicable?
Because an OEM procedure exists general sectioning guidelines would not apply.
Because an OEM procedure exists general sectioning guidelines would not apply.
Sectioning: the process of cutting a portion of a part based on the location of collision damage and vehicle maker recommendations, removing the part, and installing a portion of the undamaged service part. Additionally, sectioning is a process that is done away from a factory seam.
A lot has changed over the past several years and the I-CAR position on general sectioning guidelines has changed significantly over those years. Current I-CAR courses suggest that:
If there are no published sectioning procedures available from the vehicle maker, do not section.
Why don't general sectioning guidelines apply to today's late-model vehicles? The general sectioning guidelines that were developed in the late 1980s were done on mild steel vehicles. Those vehicles are not representative of today's vehicles that are built with a significant amount of highand ultra-high-strength steel (HSS and UHSS). General sectioning guidelines have never been tested on HSS/UHSS rich vehicles and I-CAR does not, currently, have any plans to do so.
Additionally, the general sectioning guidelines warned about sectioning near reinforcements or collapse zones. With the increased use of HSS and UHSS, and new part designs, it is nearly impossible to concretely identify which areas are designed to transfer collision energy (a reinforcement), and which areas are designed to absorb collision energy (collapse or crush zones). Because of these two focal points of the general sectioning guidelines, today's vehicles wouldn't even qualify for the application of general sectioning guidelines.
Fortunately, many vehicle makers offer a significant number of published sectioning procedures (or provide optional locations/zones) for sectioning, or provide warnings against sectioning; this should take any guesswork out of the equation.
Related I-CAR Courses


text:
The physical network backing a logical network is called a transport zone. A transport zone is the compute diameter spanned by a virtualized network.
- Click Logical Network Preparation and then click Transport Zones.
- Click the New Transport Zone icon.
- In Name, type ACME Zone.
- In Description, type Zone containing ACME's clusters.
- Select Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 to add to the transport zone.
- In Control Plane Mode, select Unicast.
- Click OK.


text:
This inventory of traffic areas in the city of Brunswick, Germany, is based on image sequences acquired during six flight campaigns at different times of the day and year in 2019 and 2020. Each aerial image is segmented by a neural network into the classes (1) Parking area, (2) Road, and (3) Access way, with the latter two classes differing in terms of their primary transportation function (mobility versus access). The individual segmentations are subsequently merged, since in addition to dedicated parking areas, those traffic areas that are regularly used for parking a motorized vehicle (e.g., at the curbside) are also to be classified as such. Furthermore, the multitemporal fusion enhances the robustness and completeness of the traffic area map (TAM). Potential applications include: urban planning, traffic modeling, and parking management.
DLR © 2022


text:
New algorithm lets photographers change the depth of images virtually
Researchers have unveiled a new photography technique called computational zoom that allows photographers to manipulate the composition of their images after they've been taken, and to create what are described as "physically unattainable" photos. The researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara and tech company Nvidia have detailed the findings in a paper, as spotted by DPReview.
In order to achieve computational zoom, photographers have to take a stack of photos that retain the same focal length, but with the camera edging slightly closer and closer to the subject. An algorithm and the computational zoom system then spit out a 3D rendering of the scene with multiple views based on the photo stack. All of that information is then "used to synthesize multi-perspective images which have novel compositions through a user interface" — meaning photographers can then manipulate and change a photo's composition using the software in real time.
The researchers say the multi-perspective camera model can generate compositions that are not physically attainable, and can extend a photographer's control over factors such as the relative size of objects at different depths and the sense of depth of the picture. So the final image isn't technically one photo, but an amalgamation of many. The team hopes to make the technology available to photographers in the form of software plug-ins, reports DPReview.


Document Type
Publication Date
Fall 12-6-2019
This paper reported a scientific approach adopting microwave-assisted synthesis as a synthetic route for preparing highly active palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pd/PVP) and supported on reduced Gra-phene oxide (rGO) as a highly active catalyst used for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions with remarkable turnover number (6500) and turnover frequency of 78000 h-1. Pd/PVP nanoparticles supported on re-duced Graphene oxide nanosheets (Pd-PVP/rGO) showed an outstanding performance through high catalytic activ-ity towards cross coupling reactions. A simple, reproducible, and reliable method was used to prepare this efficient catalyst using microwave irradiation synthetic conditions. The synthesis approach requires simultaneous reduc-tion of palladium and in the presence of Gaphene oxide (GO) nanosheets using ethylene glycol as a solvent and al-so as a strong reducing agent. The highly active and recyclable catalyst has so many advantages including the use of mild reaction conditions, short reaction times in an environmentally benign solvent system. Moreover, the pre-pared catalyst could be recycled for up to five times with nearly the same high catalytic activity. Furthermore, the high catalytic activity and recyclability of the prepared catalyst are due to the strong catalyst-support interaction. The defect sites in the reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) act as nucleation centers that enable anchoring of both Pd/PVP nanoparticles and hence, minimize the possibility of agglomeration which leads to a severe decrease in the catalytic activity.


Letter to the Editor: May 19th
Dear Editors,
If you are a university-age Ontarian, you likely remember the "Yours to Discover" license plates. The Ministry of Transportation first issued the blue-on-white reflective sheet license plates to Ontario drivers in 1996. They began with the format of AAAA-001. The plates are heavily distributed and can be seen affixed among most vehicles on our roads. However, if you have seen license plates which, like our current state of affairs, are blue, this is attributable to a decision made by the Ontario legislature.
In early 2020, Premier Ford's government announced it would redesign the current Ontario license plates to a new white-on-blue (or inverted) design. The new license plates also featured a new trillium logo and typeface, and a change in lettering font. After just two months of distribution, the new license plates were recalled due to visibility issues and funding challenges amid the COVID-19 global pandemic. Nevertheless, the license plates and their distinct features were rendered ineffective for two reasons.
First, these license plates are flat; they are not press-stamped with raised letters, like plates of old. This is a potential security threat, as counterfeiters now require less sophisticated machinery apparatus to produce fake or altered plates.
According to numerous online reviews, the license plates are easily constructed by gluing a thin laminate onto a metal template. The quality is questionable. The laminate used in the production of these license plates, designed by the conglomerate known as 3M, rendered the white lettering unreadable both to the naked eye and on camera. License plates are a matter of public safety, as they identify drivers in criminal situations, like a hit-and-run. Sneaky motorists may have tried to keep the plates to bypass expressway toll cameras. However, in facing a province-wide recall, luck has run out for these license plates.
With the vast majority of non-essential businesses having shut down, funding deficits finally prompted the discontinuation of these failed license plates. The Government of Ontario, routinely criticized for its management of education funding, was foolish to aimlessly spend money on 'rebranding' an already beautiful and thriving province. Such financial losses due to careless spending pose a million-dollar question: is Ontario "Yours to Discover" or "Yours to Recover"?
Ameer Shash
Sci '22


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I have observed that the same amount of sugar tastes differently in hot and in cold coffee. If I drink hot coffee, I feel I can add more and more sugar, without it tasting too sweet. However, cold coffee tastes overly sweet with only small amounts of sugar.
Why does this happen? Why does sugar taste differently sweet in cold and hot coffee?
share|improve this question
The question is a little ambiguous, but sugar dissolves more readily in hot liquid than in cold liquid, which might explain the effect you describe. – user5561 Mar 16 '12 at 16:17
I have made some edits to your post to make it a bit more understandable. If I had change the original meaning of your question in any way, you can edit it using the edit button found under the question tags. – Jay Mar 16 '12 at 16:25
_USER_, Thank you. That's exactly what I had in mind. – user9368 Mar 16 '12 at 16:34
5 Answers 5
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Its possible that when you drink a hot liquid, you swish it around your mouth a lot less than when you drink a cold liquid, and thus fewer of the taste buds on your tongue are exposed to it. This wouldn't be surprising: it's hot after all.
Another possibility is that if you're starting with hot coffee, and adding sugar to it, that the sugar isn't fully dissolved when you drink it hot (it takes time, especially if you don't stir it much), but has dissolved by the time the coffee cools. With more dissolved sugar, it is sweeter.
share|improve this answer
This research paper suggests that, in general, pH, temperature, and ions don't generally significantly affect our perception of sweetness intensity. Since temperature and acidity are the two major differences between iced and hot coffee (depending on preparation), this more or less rules out the possibility of a chemical difference.
"The main finding from this three-part study was that temperature, pH, and ions had little effect on the perceived sweetness intensity of the sweeteners studied. Even when significant differences were found in the temperature study, the effects were very small."
This, to me, suggests it's either due to larger "sips" of cold coffee and more of an opportunity to taste the sweetness or because sugars dissolve less readily in the cold coffee and it's easier to perceive the sweetness when it's not in a solution.
share|improve this answer
I suggest the change is in the coffee rather than the sugar. Coffee is more aromatic when hot. When you put the same amount of sugar in a hot and cold cup of coffee, the sweetness will dominate more in the cold coffee where there the coffee taste/aroma is less pronounced.
share|improve this answer
Actually, it has nothing to do with the solubility of the sugar. The reason is that fructose (in an aqueous solution) has two different cyclic forms. The Beta-fructopyronose form (6 membered ring form) is much sweeter than the furanose (5 membered ring) analog. At lower r temperatures the equilibrium shifts and more of the pyranose-ring fructose is present (converted from alpha and beta fructofuranose) thus increasing the perception of sweetness.
share|improve this answer
This is very interesting. Where can I find more information on it? – J.A.I.L. Dec 13 '12 at 13:41
Cold coffee tastes less bitter than hot coffee. When I was a kid I worked in a bakery. The last pot of coffee was always left for the first bakers, who came in at 3 AM. By the time I got there at 5 AMthe coffee was at least 12 hours old and on a burner for at least a couple of hours.
I found that if you put some of the coffee over ice it tasted OK. My favorite coffee drink today is ice with a couple of shots of espresso. No sugar needed.
share|improve this answer
Why does it happen? – J.A.I.L. Dec 16 '12 at 17:22
Your Answer


What Is Population Density Formula?
Which country has the lowest population?
Vatican City1.
What are the 3 methods of calculating population density?
Population density is often measured in three different ways. There is arithmetic density, physiological density, and agricultural density.
What is the purpose of population density?
Population density allows for broad comparison of settlement intensity across geographic areas. In the U.S., population density is typically expressed as the number of people per square mile of land area.
Why is India so densely populated?
Reasons for high population: Thus, the population growth experienced in India can largely be explained by variations in birth and death rates. … The fertility rate due to the population policies and other measures has been falling but even then it is much higher compared to other countries.
Which country has the highest density of population?
BangladeshOf the larger countries1, Bangladesh is the most densely-populated with 1,252 people per square kilometer; this is almost three times as dense as its neighbour, India. It's followed by Lebanon (595), South Korea (528), the Netherlands (508) and Rwanda (495 per km2) completing the top five.
How is population density calculated?
To calculate the population density, you will divide the population by the size of the area. Thus, Population Density = Number of People/Land Area. The unit of land area should be square miles or square kilometers.
What city has the highest population density in the world?
75,000 people per square mile? These are the most densely populated cities in the worldMumbai, India.Kolkata, India.Karachi, Pakistan.Lagos, Nigeria.Shenzhen, _URL_, South Korea.Taipei, Taiwan.Chennai, India.More items…•
What is the largest city in the world 2020?
TokyoWorld City Populations 2020RankName2020 Population1Tokyo37,393,1282Delhi30,290,9363Shanghai27,058,4804Sao Paulo22,043,02874 more rows
Which country has lowest population density?
MongoliaThe world's least crowded sovereign state, Mongolia has a population density of 4.9 people per square mile (for the UK, the figure is 710).
What is the unit of population density?
Population density is the number of individuals per unit geographic area (e.g., number per m2, per ha, or per km2).
What are 4 methods of determining population size?
Wildlife managers use 4 general approaches to estimate population sizes of wildlife: total counts, incomplete counts, indirect counts, and mark-recapture methods. We shall examine each of these methods and detail some of their advantages and disadvantages.
What do you mean by population density?
Population density is the number of individuals per unit geographic area, for example, number per square meter, per hectare, or per square kilometer.
What is population density example?
Population density is the average number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume. For example, a population of 100 insects that live in an area of 100 square meters has a density of 1 insect per square meter.
What is population density in simple words?
Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually quoted per square kilometre or square mile, and which may include or exclude for example areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world.
What is the ideal population density?
An analysis by Journal of Global Economics pegs optimum population density (300 persons/km) An analysis by World Conference on Transport Research mentions optimal densities can range from 20-40 residents per hectare, optimal vehicle ownership can range from 300-400 vehicles per 1,000 residents.
What is the most populated place on Earth?
Tokyo, Japan1. Tokyo, Japan. As of 2016, Tokyo is the most populated city on Earth. Known for its modern design, dedication to cutting-edge technology, and crowded streets, Tokyo has long had a reputation of being densely populated.
Why is population density higher in some parts of the world?
Throughout history some parts of the world have been found to be more densely populated than others, for a large number of reasons, most of which revolve around the availability of food and water.
What are the types of density?
Density of massDensity, mass per unit volume. … Area density or surface density, mass over a (two-dimensional) area.Linear density, mass over a (one-dimensional) line.Relative density or specific gravity, a measure of density in comparison to the density of something else.


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An expense that is incurred, but not yet paid for, during a given accounting period.
An expense that has been incurred, sometimes accumulating over time, but has not been paid. On balance day treated as a liability.
An expense that has been incurred, but not yet paid in cash. Similar to accounts payable, but usually associated with nontrade vendors. For example, an electric bill.
An expense incurred during an accounting period for which payment is not due until a later accounting period. This results from the purchase of services which at the time of accounting have only been partly performed, and are not yet billable, and have not been paid for.
An expense that has occurred but the transaction has not been entered in the accounting records. Accordingly an adjusting entry is made to debit the appropriate expense account and to credit a liability account such as Accrued Expenses Payable or Accounts Payable. To learn more, see Explanation of Adjusting Entries. To Top

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
At the beginning of the course we built (recursively in ) two incomparable sets. It follows that and have degrees intermediate between and. The construction required that we fixed finite initial segments of and during an inductive construction in such a way that the sets are given by the union of the initial segments we fix along the way, and so it is not clear whether they are c.e. or not. (A c.e. construction would add elements to a set and we would not have complete control on what is kept out of the set, so we would not be able to go on "fixing" initial segments of the set being constructed, as this requires that we commit to keeping some elements out of it).
Post asked whether there is an intermediate c.e. degree and this was solved by Friedberg and Muchnik using what is now called a finite injury priority construction. We showed this construction; again, 2 incomparable sets and are built and the construction explicitly shows they are c.e. This implies they are not recursive and have degree strictly below.


Product of the Month: Apollo
Apollo vibrations: Responding to today's stressful world
Information provided here is from
Apollo applies low frequency, inaudible waves of vibration that are demonstrated in both the lab and the real world to change the balance of our nervous systems through our sense of touch. Apollo waves bring balance to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and improve heart rate variability (HRV), the most reliable, non-invasive biometric of stress. It can be worn on the wrist or ankle.
Apollo vibrations feel like waves coming and going. This sensation feels natural because it is. Apollo's modes match a natural oscillation pattern between the heart and lungs when we breathe deeply, which consistently improves HRV. Apollo has seven modes to support life's activities:
 1. 1. Energy and Wake Up
 2. 2. Social and Open
 3. 3. Clear and Focused
 4. 4. Rebuild and Recover
 5. 5. Meditation and Mindfulness
 6. 6. Relax and Unwind
 7. 7. Sleep and Renew
When our bodies feel the rhythm of the Apollo vibrations, it is automatically recognized by the body as a soothing gentle touch, just like a friend giving you a hug on a bad day.
Preliminary findings suggest that the specific vibration patterns used in the Apollo technology increase the ability to focus and remain calm during periods of stress and that these specific vibration patterns improve the body's ability to recover and be resilient to stress, as measured by HRV. These improvements in HRV are accompanied by proportionate improvements in cognitive and physical performance under stress. Subsequent university pilots and trials have shown that Apollo consistently improves HRV under stress within 2-3 minutes, improves athletic recovery, and supports access to meditative states.
To learn more and/or purchase Apollo, click HERE.
By |2020-10-12T16:52:16-05:00October 13th, 2020|Articles, General|
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Interactive Table for the Star-Spangled Banner Permanent Exhibition
Interactive Table for the Star-Spangled Banner Permanent Exhibition
C&G Partners, Chermayeff & Geismar, Potion, 2008
For the reopening of the National Museum of American History, Potion and C&G Partners designed an interactive table to accompany the Star-Spangled Banner display. The museum wanted visitors to have the opportunity to see, touch and explore the details of the flag. With the nearly 200-year-old flag's delicate condition, this hands-on experience could only take place with an interactive design. Here, a high-resolution image of the flag is projected onto a 15 x 4 table, presenting a section of the flag at actual scale to reveal its intricate details.
Custom sensing technology recognizes visitors' gestures, allowing them to easily activate information about the flag. One hundred and fifty "hot spots," indicated by circles, are scattered across the flag's surface. Touching a hot spot brings up a fact about the flag, such as why the material is torn in a certain place, what techniques were used during preservation, or why one of the original stars is missing. Visitors can also intuitively navigate to different areas of the flag. By holding their hand over the surface, they activate a graphic tool that can quickly push the flag in any direction.
Juror Notes
Great use of scale; shows tremendous restraint. The use of multi-touch surface is well orchestrated.
Collections: AIGA 365: 30 (2009)
Repository: Denver Art Museum
Discipline: Information design
Format: Information graphic, Interaction


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(Solved): Prelab: Week Of February 24th For This Week The Goal Is To Get More Familiar With The Use Of Structs...
Prelab: Week of February 24th For this week the goal is to get more familiar with the use of structs. Well assume the follow
code in c please
Prelab: Week of February 24th For this week the goal is to get more familiar with the use of structs. We'll assume the following Employee data type: typedef struct { int ID, jobType; float salary; } Employee; Now implement the following function: Employee * readEmployeeInfo (FILE *fp, int *numElems) which returns an array of Employee structs similarly to what you've done before where you can assume an integer at the beginning telling you how many records follow, which tells you how big the array needs to be. (You should feel free to eliminate the second parameter if you want to implement with a getSize function instead -- which would also allow a parameter to be eliminated from the following function.) Each record will consist of two integers and a float corresponding to the members of the Employee struct. This is just like the prelab for Lab 2 except that instead of creating an array of floats you'll be creating an array of Employee structs. Okay, so after readEmployeelnfo is called the user will have an array of Employee records. The following function is useful if the user wants to retrieve the record of a particular employee based on her/his employee ID: Employee * get EmployeeByID (Employee *, int numEmps, int ID) where the first two parameters are the array of employees and the number of employees, and the third parameter is the employee ID. The function returns a pointer to the record (i.e., address of an array element struct) for the employee with that ID. Note that this just requires a loop to find the employee with the specified ID. What do you do if there is no employee with that ID? Now you need to implement get and set interface functions: void setID (Employee *p, int id) int getID (Employee *p) void set Salary (Employee *p, float salary) etc. It's important to understand why such functions are needed: They ensure that users never have to directly access any member of the Employee struct. Suppose we did allow users to access the members directly, then what would happen to their programs if we later change the member "ID" to "employeeID"?
Expert Answer
Program Files: Program.c _TAG_ _TAG_ typedef struct { int ID; int jobType; float salary; } Employee; // Function Prototypes Employee * readEmployeeInfo(F
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Your gas or electricity account is in credit
Paying your gas and electricity bills by direct debit means you know what you will pay each month and often entitles you to a discount. This makes direct debit a good way for many people to pay their energy bills, but it can mean you find your account is in credit.
If you find your account is in credit, you might be able to claim a refund. But look carefully at your energy account first. This page explains your options if you find your energy account is in credit.
Top tips
Make sure you're paying an appropriate amount each month by always informing your supplier of anything that may affect the amount of energy you use. For example, having a baby, getting loft insulation fitted or a member of your household moving out.
Check your meter readings
If your account is in credit, you should check your supplier's estimate of your energy consumption against your actual meter readings. If your supplier has under-estimated the amount of gas or electricity you use, your account may not be in credit at all. Tell them your meter reading and ask for an updated bill based on your actual usage.
What time of year is it?
If your account is in credit and your bill is accurate, think about what time of year it is. Often you will find your account is in credit during the summer months. This is because the weather is usually warmer and lighter, so you often use less energy. However, this credit normally goes towards paying for your increased energy use in the winter when it is darker and colder.
Think about whether you could afford higher bills in the winter if you get this money back now. It might be better to leave yourself with this buffer against higher winter bills.
If you want a refund
If your bills are accurate and you are confident you can still pay your higher winter bills, you can ask your supplier for a refund. Your entitlement will depend on the policy of your supplier.
You should approach your supplier directly to ask for a refund of the overpayments you have paid. They won't normally give you a refund if they believe the overpayment is needed to cover your winter usage.
If you're not happy with your supplier's response, you can make a complaint.
Bob paid £70 each month by direct debit for his gas and electricity. When his energy company checked his actual usage, they discovered he had used less gas and electricity than he had already paid for. His account was £300 in credit.
He approached his energy supplier to ask for a refund of this money. They checked his usage over the last year and saw the credit had been built up over the winter, when his usage would be the highest. They refunded his £300 and reduced his direct debit payments to £50.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau Teacher Resources
Find teacher approved Jean Jacques Rousseau educational resource ideas and activities
Assess your class's reading comprehension with this short reading quiz. A paragraph about Jean Jacques Rousseau and his contributions to the Enlightenment provides different types of context clues, which readers can use to answer the four following questions. A short answer key is available as well.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (_PHONE_), is hard to classify. As he states in the Confessions, he "is without precedent." Like other neoclassical writers, he drew inspiration from classical sources (Augustine's Confessions); however, many of his themes are romantic. Introduce viewers to this complex man with a PowerPoint that uses excerpts from his Confessions to reveal his "inmost soul."


Might and Magic Wiki
Skill levels
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This section is incomplete and requires more information. Please help and contribute your knowledge by editing or expanding it.
Heroes IEdit
In Heroes I, there are no skills, and as such, no skill levels.
Heroes IIEdit
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert (most powerful)
In Heroes II, all skills are unrelated.
Heroes IIIEdit
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert (most powerful)
In Heroes III, all skills are unrelated.
Heroes IVEdit
There are 5 skill levels in Heroes IV:
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert
 4. Master
 5. Grandmaster (most powerful)
During each level-up, player can upgrade an existing skills, or take Basic level of new skill.
There are skills with only numeric difference between levels. For example, Basic spirituality gives +20% power to Life magic spells, Advanced spirituality gives +40%, Expert spirituality gives +60% etc.
Other skills can give a hero unique abilities when developed to certain level. For example, Grandmaster melee gives a hero an additional melee attack, Grandmaster necromancy allows raising vampires from slain enemies after battle, Advanced archery gives "Ignore obstacles" ability etc.
It's not easy to develop certain skill to highest level. Skills can depend on each other, and if you want to develop one skill, you often need to develop other skills first.
Heroes VEdit
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Theory of Knowledge
The theory of knowledge (TOK) course plays a special role in the DP by providing an opportunity for students to reflect on the nature, scope and limitations of knowledge and the process of knowing. In this way, the main focus of TOK is not on students acquiring new knowledge but on helping students to reflect on, and put into perspective, what they already know. TOK underpins and helps to unite the subjects that students encounter in the rest of their DP studies. It engages students in explicit reflection on how knowledge is arrived at in different disciplines and areas of knowledge, on what these areas have in common and the differences between them.
The aims of the TOK course are:
 - To encourage students to reflect on the central question, "How do we know that?", and to recognize the value of asking that question.
 - To expose students to ambiguity, uncertainty and questions with multiple plausible answers.
 - To equip students to effectively navigate and make sense of the world, and help prepare them to encounter novel and complex situations.
 - To encourage students to be more aware of their own perspectives and to reflect critically on their own beliefs and assumptions.
 - To engage students with multiple perspectives, foster open-mindedness and develop intercultural understanding.
 - To encourage students to make connections between academic disciplines by exploring underlying concepts and by identifying similarities and differences in the methods of inquiry used in different areas of knowledge.
 - To prompt students to consider the importance of values, responsibilities and ethical concerns relating to the production, acquisition, application and communication of knowledge.
Students are required to complete two assessment tasks for TOK.
 - Theory of knowledge exhibition.
 - Theory of knowledge essay on a prescribed title.


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A water meter installed on a waterline not abutting the property it serves is called a Remote Meter. In order to apply for a remote meter, you must fill out a Remote Meter Application and submit it with the following:
- Proof of easement from the closest waterline to your property. This can be through an easement document, grant deed or title report.
- A letter from the fire department approving the remote meter for the parcel.
Once the District receives all the necessary information, the District Engineer will review the application for approval. Not all remote meter applications are approved.


Cayce, South Carolina
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Cayce, South Carolina
Motto: "A new kind of city"
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667
Country United States
State South Carolina
County Lexington
 - Mayor Elise Parton
 - Total 17.4 sq mi (45.1 km2)
 - Land 16.6 sq mi (43.1 km2)
 - Water 0.8 sq mi (2.0 km2)
Elevation 240 ft (73 m)
Population (2010)
 - Total 12,528
 - Density 720/sq mi (280/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 29033
Area code(s) 803
FIPS code 45-12655[1]
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_[2]
Cayce is a city in Lexington and Richland counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, along the Congaree River. The population was 12,528 at the 2010 census.[3] It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cayce lies mostly across the Congaree River from the state capital of Columbia, with a newly annexed section on the Richland County side awaiting development. Because both it and the neighboring city of West Columbia share road names and schools, they are sometimes referred to jointly as "Cayce-West Columbia". However, they are politically separate cities.
The Congaree River has always played a dominant role in Cayce's development. Cayce and other local governments jointly developed the Riverwalk along the Congaree, which provides walking, jogging, and nature observation opportunities. Development on both sides of the river is an important factor driving the city's economy.
The William J. Cayce house
European settlement of the area dates back to the 18th century, when the area was considered part of Granby, a town that later failed due to endemic malaria. A handful of Revolutionary War skirmishes were fought in what is now Cayce. The town was incorporated in 1914 and named for local businessman William J. Cayce.
Cayce is traversed by I-26 and I-77, and the Columbia Metropolitan Airport (IATA:CAE) is adjacent to the city limits.
 - Elise Partin, Mayor
Cayce is located at 33°57'48" North, 81°3'60" West (33.963203, -81.066596)[4].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45.1 km2), of which 16.6 square miles (43.1 km2) is land and 0.77 square miles (2.0 km2), or 4.22%, is water.[3]
As of the census[1] of 2000, there are 12,150 people in the city, organized into 5,133 households and 3,079 families. The population density is 1,114.6 people per square mile (430.4/km²). There are 5,517 housing units at an average density of 506.1 per square mile (195.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 74.55% White, 22.50% African American, 1.08% Asian, 0.26% Native American, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 5,133 households out of which 24.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% are married couples living together, 14.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% are non-families. 29.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.36 and the average family size is 2.89.
In the city the population is spread out with 20.7% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $35,850, and the median income for a family is $43,560. Males have a median income of $30,317 versus $24,408 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,745. 17.0% of the population and 9.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
 3. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cayce city, South Carolina". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
External links[edit]


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|Better Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40 p.)|
|How to get good yields|
7. Dams are small barriers across the stream. Dams hold up the water, so that the water of the stream rises. In this way, the water of the stream overflows into the lowlying land.
It is best to have concrete dams.
They cost more, but they last longer.
The good harvests of the following years will pay for the dams.
The technician will tell you where to build your dams.
8. When the dam is built, dig irrigation channels around the edges of the field.
These are called main Irrigation channels. Dig also, right through the middle of the field, the main drain.
The water flow starts from the dam.
It goes into the main irrigation channels.
It floods the rice field.
It goes out of the rice field into the main drain, which is the channel for the outflow of the water.


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Comments let you have a conversation about something you're working on. Comment threads, called discussions, help you keep track of comments, address your comments to specific people, and respond to and follow comments from your email inbox.
Comments are a handy way of adding notes to your documents, spreadsheets, and presentations that are visible to viewers and collaborators. These can be invaluable for communicating with collaborators about specific parts of the document, as well as making notes about changes you've made or would like to make.
To add a comment, follow these instructions:
- Highlight or select the text, object, or spreadsheet cell you'd like to comment on. If you're working with a presentation, you can highlight an entire slide by selecting it from the list of slides on the left.
- From the Insert menu, select Comment. You can also use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + M (Cmd + Option + M on a Mac) to insert a comment.
- Type your comment in the box that appears to the right of the document.
If you'd like to address your comment to a specific person, type a plus sign followed by their email address, like this: _EMAIL_. That person will receive an email with your comment.
Comments in spreadsheets
When working with spreadsheets, you can comment only on one cell at a time. Spreadsheet cells with comments are indicated by a yellow triangle in the cell's top-right corner.
To see all of a sheet's comments, click on the comment icon on the sheet's tab.
In addition to comments, you can also leave notes on individual cells. While comments are great for conversations, notes are useful for adding annotations that don't require a back-and-forth discussion. To add a note, select a cell, click the Insert menu, and select Note. Cells with notes are indicated by a black triangle in the cell's top-right corner.
Working with Comments
After inserting a comment, there are two main places you can work with it — within the yellow comment box, or from within the discussions thread, which you can access by clicking the Comments button in the top right-hand corner of your browser window.
You can reply to a comment with a new post, edit or delete a previous comment you've inserted, and resolve the discussion when you're ready to remove it. Resolving a discussion removes the discussion from your document, spreadsheet, or presentation, but resolved threads will always be available under Comments in the right-hand corner of your document.
From the discussion thread, you can review all discussions, including those discussions that have been resolved. From this menu, you can also change the notification settings for discussions.
Sometimes it can be tedious to have to scan through all the comments you and your collaborators have made on an item. If you open the discussion thread with the Comments button, you can keep track of all of an item's discussions, including those that have already been resolved. In this view, you can also make comments about the entire document, spreadsheet, or presentation.


How do wireless speakers work for Home Theater?
 - 2 min read
The Home Theater Problem: Why so many wires?
 Home theatres
For decades, home theater speakers meant two wires per speaker carefully installed and threaded around your living room to pump power over copper wires to get you full immersive sound from 5.1 tracks on your DVD's. It required an audio visual receiver (AVR) that no one remembers how to set up and has a remote with too many buttons.
Why did it need so many wires?
Speakers need power to make sound.
Speakers need power?
The short answer is: yes because of physics. Your wired home theater system relies on an AVR to first take your DVD's Digital signal and convert an Analog signal (Digital to Analog Converter: DAC) to amplify that signal's "vibrations" to each of your speakers.
What you hear from a speaker is air being vibrated from a cone/diaphragm that's being pushed and pulled by magnets. And those magnets are powered by electricity that's flowing through those positive/negative speaker wires across your living room. The bigger the speaker, the bigger the magnets. The bigger the magnets the more power that needs to be amplified to get a louder sound.
What about wireless speakers?
Basically, wireless speakers have both a built-in DAC (to receive a digital signal such as bluetooth, WiSA, WIFI) and a built-in amplifier to power the speaker drivers inside the speaker. This is known as an "Active Speaker" where everything is built-in and just needs power vs a "Passive Speaker" which needs an external AVR or Stereo Amplifier to function.
Wireless speakers digital signals
How does Enclave make wireless home theater work?
Our CineHub transmitter uses a single cable to your TV to take audio from your Netflix, Hulu, Spotify apps or cable box and sends out that audio signal to each of our speakers in perfect synchronization and no compression/signal loss. This means no more speaker wires, simply connect each of our CineHome's speakers with power and our CineHub will take care of the rest.
Resource: How stuff works


Most adaptations to French Properties would require a permission known as a Permis de Construire. It is something in between Planning Permission and Building Regulation Drawings as in the British system.
Such an application would involve a set of drawings which would normally be a prelude to the information required for instructing builders. These drawings require the building to be measured and drawn with the desired modifications worked out with the owner.


This version is under construction, please use an official release version
Related Projects
What is the difference to OLM / Crossplane?
The Operator Lifecycle Manager and Crossplane are both projects that manage installation, upgrade and deletion of Operators and their CustomResourceDefinitions in a Kubernetes cluster.
KubeCarrier on the other hand is just working with existing CustomResourceDefinitions and already installed Operators. As both OLM and Crossplane are driven by CRDs, they can be combined with KubeCarrier to manage their configuration across clusters.
What is the difference to KubeFed - Kubernetes Federation?
The Kubernetes Federation Project was created to distribute Workload across Kubernetes Clusters for e.g. geo-replication and disaster recovery. It's intentionally low-level to work for generic workload to be spread across clusters.
While KubeCarrier is also operating on multiple clusters, KubeCarrier operates on a higher abstraction level. KubeCarrier assigns applications onto single pre-determined Kubernetes clusters. Kubernetes Operators that enable these applications, may still use KubeFed underneath to spread the workload across clusters.


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Kine of Araw
The oxen that lived on the lands around the Sea of Rhûn were hardier and wilder than any others in Middle-earth. Legends claimed that they were descended from the cattle of the Huntsman of the Valar, Oromë himself, and so they were named the Kine of Araw (Araw being the Sindarin form of Oromë's name).
The Kine were famous as the quarry of Vorondil the Hunter, ancestor of the Ruling Stewards of Gondor. It was he who cut a horn from one of these beasts and fashioned a hunting-horn from it, which came to be carried by the eldest son of the Ruling Steward from Vorondil's time onward. The last heir to bear the horn was Boromir, who saw it broken in two in his battle with Orcs beneath Amon Hen.


text:
at the time of slaughter the bread had not yet formed a crust in the oven...
(m) Question: What is the source of this?
(n) Answer (Beraisa): "Al Chalos *Lechem* Chametz Yakriv Korbano Al Zevach" - it must be bread, (i.e. a crust must have formed) at the time of slaughter;
1. "Yakriv Korbano Al Zevach" - only slaughter is Mekadesh the bread;
2. "Zevach Todas" - if the slaughter was not Lishmah (l'Shem Todah), the bread is not Mekudash.
(o) (Beraisa): One fulfills his obligation (to eat Matzah on the first night of Pesach) with Matzah that is Na (this will be explained), or with Matzah baked in a pan.
(p) Question: What does it mean 'Na'? (Surely, it does not mean (fully) raw, this is not *Lechem* Oni!)
(q) Answer (Rav Yehudah): If one cuts it and strands do not extend from one side to the other. (Tosfos - this is the same degree of baking as forming a crust.)
(r) (Rava): The same applies to Lachmei Todah.
(s) Question: This is obvious, both of these are called 'Lechem'!
(t) Answer: One might have thought, minimally baked loaves that can fall apart are considered to be broken, this is invalid for Lachmei Todah, since "Echad" teaches that that a full loaf must be taken (from each kind, for Terumah);
1. Rava teaches, this is not so.
4) A "TODAH" THAT WAS SLAUGHTERED FOR 80 LOAVES
(a) (Chizkiyah): If a Todah was slaughtered for 80 loaves, 40 of them become Kodesh;
(b) (R. Yochanan): None of them become Kodesh.
(c) (Amora'im argue about their argument.)
(d) Opinion #1 (R. Zeira): All agree that if the slaughterer said that 40 of them should become Kodesh, 40 become Kodesh;
1. All agree, if he said that all 80 should become Kodesh, none become Kodesh;
2. They argue when he did not specify:
i. Chizkiyah holds that he only intends to Mekadesh 40, the others are Acharayos, R. Yochanan holds that he wants to bring a big Korban of 80 breads.
(e) Opinion #2 (Abaye): (All agree that he intends to Mekadesh all 80, therefore his intent does not Mekadesh the bread - this is unlike the bracketed text.) They argue about whether or not Klei Shares (the same applies to slaughter) are Mekadesh without intent:
1. Chizkiyah holds that they are, R. Yochanan holds that they are not.
(f) Version #1 - Opinion #3 (Rav Papa): All agree that Klei Shares are Mekadesh without intent - they argue about whether or not the knife is Mekadesh like a Kli Shares;
1. Chizkiyah holds that it is, R. Yochanan holds that it is not.
(g) Version #2 - Opinion #3 (Rav Papa): All agree that Klei Shares are not Mekadesh without intent - they argue about whether or not the knife is Mekadesh;
1. Chizkiyah says, since it is Mekadesh even though is does not have an inside, this shows that it has more power to Mekadesh than Kli Shares, it is Mekadesh without intent;
2. R. Yochanan says, it is no better than a Kli Shares.
5) IS AN INVALID SLAUGHTER "MEKADESH" THE BREAD?
(a) (Mishnah): If Todah was slaughtered (with intent) Chutz li'Zmano or Chutz li'Mkomo, the bread becomes Kadosh;
(b) If it was slaughtered and found to be Treifah, the bread is not Kadosh.
(c) R. Eliezer says, if it was slaughtered and found to be a Ba'al Mum, the bread is Kadosh;
(d) Chachamim say, it is not Kadosh.
(e) If Todah, Ayil ha'Milu'im or Kivsei Atzeres were slaughtered Lo Lishmah, the bread is not Kadosh.


- Owner
Who can be an economic officer?
Updated: Feb 14, 2019
In the US system, anyone can be an economic officer. You don't need a special degree for it. Like in other career tracks in the Foreign Service, diplomats learn the necessary skills after they're hired, and mostly on the job (although there's a 10-month economic course diplomats can take at the Foreign Service Institute).
To pass the entry test for the Foreign Service you have to be able to answer a few questions about basic economic concepts, but they're not so difficult that you'd need an economics degree to answer it—general knowledge and a healthy interest in economic concepts and international economic systems is enough.
That said, having a general degree in economics is a good way to prepare you for the job and may help you during the selection process, because it demonstrates your interest and expertise in economics. Lots of current economic officers have some background in economics, which is also good because it makes them more comfortable (and effective) when addressing economic issues with foreign governments.
Also, having practical experience with economics helps, like having been involved in making economic policy; internships and consultancies with multinational companies; or teaching business literacy in a developing country. Or—if nothing else—a proven ability to pick up related knowledge and skills quickly.
Then again, a big part of the job is not about technical expertise but about analyze general trends overseas and being diplomatic. The added value of economic officers is that there's a worldwide network of them to understand the issues, constraints and local contexts in all countries and regions. And that they're able to make qualitative predictions and evaluations of new economic policies, and effectively communicate these to both their own and foreign governments.
In 2018, about 20% of US foreign service officers was on the economic career track, which makes sense since it's one of five career tracks. How "hard" it is to get hired in this career track varies; when hiring is low, you may need a relatively high score on your entry exam to be competitive. Personally, I have a feeling that economic affairs is not the most popular career track of the five so—especially when hiring is normal/high—almost all people who pass the exams and get on the register are probably competitive.
What kind of person do you have to be to be an economic officer? It's not about extrovert versus introvert; there are plenty of diplomats in either category. The economic career track might be the more natural choice for people who are analytical, know their way around numbers, and like to (learn how to) produce high-quality written reports. But you don't have to be a number cruncher. Economic officers are generalists who keep an eye on the bigger picture and should be effective communicators.
Another question you should ask yourself is: what motivates you? Political officers mostly work on maintaining good relations with a limited number of government officials, which rarely produces the kind of results that can be measured with numbers. Economic officers, on the other hand, have frequent interactions with the wider public (the government, the business community, and many others) and are more often involved in making deals, like large sales, tenders, infrastructure and energy projects, and introducing chains—clothing stores, restaurants—into new countries.
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Related posts:
Economic affairs: the issues
Economic affairs: the goals
Being an economic officer: what it's really like
My own experience with economic diplomacy
Other posts:
Wanna be a diplomat? Here's how to ace the FSOT
FSOA: Wear a lucky jacket and other advice
My FSOA experience: long version
Foreign Service exam advice: for college students
What's up with hiring and the Foreign Service?
Why I applied for the Foreign Service (Late)
Choosing & changing career tracks
Security Clearance: Why It Takes So Long For Foreign Service Officers
12 Ways to work at the US Embassy
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Unofficial Holiday of October 30th: National Candy Corn Day
It's known for its tri-color appearance and dominating retail shelves on Halloween: candy corn!
Candy Corn dates back to the late 19th century, where each piece was originally made by hand. Candy Corn is mostly made of sugar, corn syrup, wax, artificial coloring and various other ingredients.
The confection is commonly sold on Halloween, although there are other variants such as "Reindeer Corn" and "Bunny Corn" made for other major holidays.
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Five Creepy Spiders Worksheet – Listen, Do, & Color
Can you run like a cat or crawl like a spider? Read the sentence to your students and have them do the action. Then, have students find the picture that matches the action and color it. Finally, listen to the song "Five Creepy Spiders" and follow along.
Contains 1 Page
Difficulty: Level 2
Related Songs


Transgender Voice Intervention
Voice and Communication Intervention for Transgender Clients
What is involved in transgender voice and communication intervention?
Men and women generally communicate differently. For example, most men tend to speak with lower pitched voices, while women use higher pitched voices. Men may use shorter sentences that get more to the point. Women often use more gestures and longer sentences when they speak. Individuals who are transgender often elect to have voice and communication therapy to help them use their voice in a safe way and communicate more like the opposite gender in which they were born.
The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA) has established standards of care within the area of transsexual medicine for individuals wishing to have genital reconstructive surgery (GRS). GRS is a surgical procedure that transforms the body to the gender opposite of that in which the person was born. Prior to GRS surgery, the person must see a psychologist for two years and live full-time in the new gender role during those two years. Voice and communication therapy services are recommended during this time.
What does transgender voice and communication intervention involve?
The speech-language pathologist (SLP) provides voice and communication training for male-to-female and female-to-male clients. The SLP will look at a variety of aspects of communication, including vocal pitch, intonation and resonance, and nonverbal communication.
Assessment will involve the collection of a case history and medical history, and assessment of voice and language. It is also important for the SLP to eliminate any vocal abusive behaviors resulting from changes in pitch and intensity. For example, a male-to-female client's incorrect attempts to speak in a higher pitched voice can lead to vocal nodules or other voice problems. Areas of transgender voice and communication intervention include:
 - Pitch of the voice
 - Resonance
 - Intonation (the rhythm of speech)
 - Rate (how fast or slow the person speaks)
 - Intensity (loudness or softness)
 - Language
 - Speech sounds (articulation)
 - Pragmatics (social rules of communication)


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MARION, N.C. (Sept. 6, 2012) — Breeding Eastern hellbenders in captivity isn't for the faint of heart.
For one thing, these odd-looking animals, also called "water dogs" or "snot otters," are notoriously difficult to keep in captivity. For another, they're relatively hard to find in the wild, including North Carolina where they're protected and listed as a species of special concern, so obtaining animals for captive breeding can be quite difficult.
But those factors aren't deterring biologists with the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. Working cooperatively with the N.C. Zoo, the Wildlife Commission is trying to raise to sexual maturity 10 juvenile hellbenders that it received from a Texas zoo in June,with the ultimate goal of breeding them in captivity to create more hellbenders.
Biologists are not interested in propagating hellbenders to augment wild populations, but rather to meet the increasing demand for these large, aquatic salamanders as educational and display animals for qualified state agencies, universities and other facilities.
"The Wildlife Commission has no plans or intentions to breed hellbenders for release into the wild," said Lori Williams, a mountain wildlife diversity biologist with the Commission's Division of Wildlife Management. "We are simply trying to eliminate the need for any facility to yank a hellbender from the wild for display purposes.
"There is no need for that practice anymore if captive stock is available."
Currently, the 10 juvenile hellbenders are sharing two aquariums set upat the Commission's Conservation Aquaculture Center, which is located at the Marion State Fish Hatchery in McDowell County. Staff with the Divisions of Wildlife Management and Inland Fisheries are measuring, weighing and photographing the young animals twice a year. In another year or so, they will place the growing hellbenders in a secure, concrete raceway at the hatchery.
Commission staff began modifying the raceway in July to ensure that conditions will be right for hellbenders to breed and nest when they mature.
"Some of the modifications include the addition of baffles to break up line of sight," said Peter Lamb, the Commission's technology center biologist. "This will help keep the animals from feeling over crowded. We will also add a substrate similar to what is found in their natural environment with places for the animals to hide and a set of hinged lids to provide shade and protection from predators."
Because hellbenders grow more quickly in captivity than they do in their native mountain waters, Williams expects that the young animals will reach sexual maturity by 2015. A lot is riding on the next three years, Williams said. She is hopeful, yet realistic, about the captive-breeding program's long-term success.
"No one has ever successfully bred Eastern hellbenders in captivity, although many have tried for many years,"Williams said. "It was just last year that a team in the Midwest finally got it right with the Ozark hellbender, having the first-ever successful captive-breeding event with that species.
"We're hoping for similar results with the Eastern hellbender."
Their current location at the Marion facility marks a return home of sorts for the young hellbenders, which started out as an egg mass removed from a stream in the French Broad River system in North Carolina in 2010. The egg mass was taken to the Fort Worth Zoo in Texas for a research project looking at the effects of two organic chemicals found in two river systems on growth and reproductive organs. More than 200 baby hellbenders hatched from the clutch, leaving the Ft. Worth Zoo with a large stock of leftover hellbenders that needed a new home, because they couldn't be released into the wild.
Several agencies and other institutions accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums received the leftover hellbenders, with the Commission being one of three in North Carolina that had the proper permits, expertise and equipment to care for the hellbenders. The Wildlife Commission is the only North Carolina facility attempting a captive-breeding project. The other North Carolina facilities receiving hellbenders will use them only as display and educational animals.
While the Fort Worth Zoo provided the hellbenders to start the project, the N.C. Zoological Society was instrumental in the project's initial success. John Groves, curator of amphibians and reptiles at the N.C. Zoo in Asheboro, provided Commission biologists with technical advice on hellbender reproduction and husbandry — big challenges when working with captive animals that need very specific parameters of dissolved oxygen, water flow, temperature and nesting habitat.
In addition to providing much-needed guidance, the N.C. Zoological Society paid to renovate the raceways at the conservation center.
"This project is critical since it will provide the opportunity in the future to attempt captive breeding of this important member of the aquatic ecosystem in North Carolina," Groves said. "This project will also give us a wonderful opportunity to study this salamander in captivity in a large, naturalistic enclosure where additional aspects of its behavior and ecology can be more fully understood."
The Eastern Hellbender — "An Indicator of Good Water Quality"
As its name indicates, the Eastern hellbender is found throughout the Eastern part of the United States from New York to Mississippi. It is one of North America's largest salamanders, generally reaching lengths up to 24 inches. With its wide, flat head, small, beady eyes and broad, flat tail, the hellbender can be a scary sight for those not familiar with this mostly nocturnal animal. However, the hellbender is nonvenomous and completely harmless, spending its entire life in the clean, fast-moving mountain streams and rivers of North Carolina where it eats mostly crayfish, small fish and other salamanders.
While its preferred food is crayfish, hellbenders are scavengers and will eat just about anything,including bait, or fish on a stringer, which is why anglers can catch them unintentionally.
It's these unintentional catches that lead many people to think that hellbenders are harmful to fish populations— a myth that Williams is quick to dispel.
"Hellbenders do not eat enough fish to have a negative impact on fishing," Williams said. "In fact, finding a hellbender in a stream is actually a good thing because hellbenders do well only in clear, clean water.
"So, finding one is an excellent indicator of good water quality, which also supports game fish populations, like trout and smallmouth bass."
Williams advises anglers who catch a hellbender to cut the line as close as possible to the hook and release theanimal back into the water as quickly and carefully as possible.
Surveys Determine Hellbender Abundance in Five Western North Carolina River Basins
Until recently, biologists had very little information on hellbender populations in North Carolina, although they suspected that hellbenders had declined in many streams due to the usualsuspects — poor water quality from silt, sediment and other pollutants, over-collection, human interactions, habitat disturbance, and dams and impounded waterways.
Since 2007, the N.C. Zoo and the Wildlife Commission have surveyed more than 50 waterways in five western North Carolina river basins that were known to have hellbenders at one time or have never been surveyed before.
Preliminary survey results revealed a decline in some hellbender populations while other populations have remained stable. As biologists expected, hellbenders' success is directly correlated to human density: hellbenders tended to do better in areas with fewer people and less human interactions.
Staff from the N.C. Zoo and the Commission will continue the surveys for another four or five years.
"North Carolina has one of the largest populations of hellbenders in the United States," said Groves, who has worked with Williams to conduct the surveys. "However, we are finding many populations that are declining or possibly gone. Constant monitoring is important, not only to help protect this aquatic salamander, but also to monitor our waterways."
Read more about the surveys here.
Even though surveys are ongoing, biologists still have little data on hellbenders. They are asking the public to report any hellbender sightings to _EMAIL_. For more information on hellbenders in North Carolina, download an information sheet here.
For more information on wildlife conservation in North Carolina, visit the Conserving page.
A high-resolution version of the photographs above are available for download here
Please credit Lori Williams for photo of hellbender on a blue bag and TR Russ with remaining photos. For additional photos related to this story, as well as a fact sheet suitable for printing, contact Jodie Owen, _EMAIL_.


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The Brown Hare
This comprehensive, indispensable guide to the Brown Hare covers all aspects of the biology, ecology and conservation of the species, and is complete with colour photos, illustrations and maps. It contains detailed information on the status and distribution of the species as well as field signs, social and breeding behaviour, reproductive performance and the all-too-common threats, from predators and diseases through to the human impact.
Features of the Lagomorpha
General appearance of Britain's hares and rabbits
Status and distribution of the brown hare
Diet and feeding habits
The farmland ecology of hares
Social and breeding behaviour
Mortality - disease
Mortality - predation
Mortality - hunting, coursing, shooting and poaching
References and further reading
View other products from the same publisher
There are currently no organisations listed for this subjectIf you are involved in a scientific, conservation or environmental organisation and would like to be listed, please see our NHBS-Xchange information page.


text:
Picture Album of the
DEEP SPACE NETWORK
NOTE: Click on the image to view it at its highest resolution.
This 34-meter multifrequency antenna (DSS 13) at Goldstone was completed in 1991 at the Venus research and development site. It is the first antenna for deep-space communications to use a beam waveguide to route microwave energy between the main reflector and a room located in the basement. In this way, many feeds and amplifiers can be placed in a laboratory environment and be illuminated selectively by means of a rotating microwave mirror.
This antenna has a surface accuracy of 0.40 millimeters root-mean-square and will be used to perform characterizations and demonstrations of high-frequency technology. The Network has evolved from being able to provide communications with spacecraft at 960 megahertz to 2300 to 8450, in consonance with approved use of these frequencies for space to Earth by the World Administrative Radio Conference (which makes these frequencies available to NASA, when requested). The new antenna will be used to carry out the necessary developments to extend the frequency range to 30,000 megahertz.


Welcome To Huzhou Careful Magnetism & Electron Group
Home / News / How Do Ferrite Cells Work To Make A Magnetic Generator?
Hot Keywords: Anti-interference core、Transformer core
How Do Ferrite Cells Work To Make A Magnetic Generator?
Views:4 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-09-15 Origin:Site
A ferrite core is a piece of metal used in a magnetic generator. The core consists of a ferrous alloy, which contains iron, magnesium, or zinc. Ferrite cores can be classified into two broad categories: open air-type and closed air-type.
Ferrite cores have high tensile strength and are very durable. They can withstand a lot of impact and wear and tear. Ferrites can be formed from a number of different metals. Ferrites are usually used as the core component in magnetic generators to provide a magnetic field.
Ferrite cores are often referred to as closed air ferrites or manganese zinc ferrite. Closed air ferrites are very strong and are more dense than open air-type ferrite. Ferrites are formed when iron is magnetized and the electrons in the iron atoms gain an extra electron. Once the electrons gain an extra electron, a ferrite is formed. Ferrites are known to be one of the strongest metals known. These properties make ferrite a perfect core material for a magnetic generator. However, because of its strength and durability, ferrite is rarely used as a main component.
Open air-type ferrite consists of manganese zinc which is usually the first material used to form a ferrite core. This material has a number of chemical properties that make it ideal for forming a ferrite core. Because manganese is such an effective magnetic conductor, it makes it an ideal component for a magnetic generator. One disadvantage of manganese is that it is a poor conductor of electricity.
A magnet motor that uses ferrite for its core is also known as a wind turbine. In these types of devices, magnets attached to the motor spin when the rotor spins. A wind turbine may also use the power of the magnets to create a magnetic field that would then create a magnetic force to push a turbine through the air.
Due to its tremendous properties, it is no surprise that ferrite is a key ingredient in many core materials. The ability of manganese to be a magnetic conductor and the other elements it contains make it an ideal ferrite for making a magnet motor. The fact that these motors can be used for various purposes makes it a versatile material.
Other materials that may be incorporated into a magnet motor include peroxide, ferroalloys, and magnetite. These materials are also used to manufacture a magnetic generator but have different strengths and properties. Because a magnetic generator is so efficient at producing a magnetic field, these materials are also used to increase the strength and durability of the generator's core. A strong core is essential to the life of a magnetic generator. The core is where most of the magnetic energy is converted into electric power.
The use of a ferrite core material is important when creating a magnetic generator. The strength and durability of a magnetic generator greatly affect the overall performance and efficiency of the machine. If the generator has a low-quality or poorly-made core, it could potentially not produce enough power to run the machine. It could also result in an expensive repair.
Frend links: Magnet, electroplating power supply
 Amorphous core
 EMI suppression ferrite core
 MnZn transformer Core


text:
- This event has passed.
Plexal member Disability Rights UK, together with Sport England, is hosting an event at Plexal to showcase the growing evidence base of Disability Rights UK's Get Yourself Active programme.
Sign up if you're interested in:
- discussing new evidence around how we can create the best outcomes for disabled people through physical activity
- engaging with like-minded people from social care, health, wellbeing and physical activity sectors
Speakers include James Sanderson, director of personalised care at NHS England and Mike Diaper OBE, executive director for children, young people and tackling inactivity at Sport England. They'll take part in a panel discussion on:
- disabled people led approaches to improving health and wellbeing
- knowledge transfer to disabled people to increase demand for physical activity
- working through social care and health professionals to deliver this knowledge, and what all of this means for personalised care


Published On: Thu, Dec 3rd, 2020
3 Routine Costs Associated with Running a GP Surgery
Running a GP surgery is an important and vital role within the community. Because there are so many people that depend on your GP surgery, you need to ensure that you are running things properly from a financial perspective so that you can continue to give people the quality healthcare that they need on a regular basis.
GP surgery
If you are in the process of creating a budget for a new GP surgery, or even if you are currently evaluating the budget of your existing surgery, there are a number of routine costs that you are going to need to factor in and bear in mind.
Here are three such costs for you to consider as you create your budget.
1. Disposable Medical Supplies
Every medical facility now more than ever before is making use of disposable supplies like aprons, masks, gloves, and other PPE (personal protection equipment). While those within the medical community are no strangers to using PPE on a regular basis, the current situation that has unfolded over the last year has made it absolutely necessary to use such disposable equipment even more frequently than before.
Moreover, patients and visitors to your GP surgery are also required to use PPE as well as hand sanitizer. This has made it necessary for GP surgeries to factor such things into their own budget. Make sure that you have the cost of these and all of your other disposable GP Surgery Supplies factored into your monthly budget.
2. Equipment Maintenance
Aside from disposable medical equipment, your GP surgery is going to have plenty of other medical equipment on hand. Things like blood pressure cuffs, examination couches and beds, and diagnostic kits that include otoscopes need to be maintained properly so that they can be relied upon to work whenever they are required.
Since these items play such an integral role in the day-to-day operations of your surgery, you need to replace them whenever they fall into disrepair and take measure to maintain them so as to extend their lifetime. It is important to remember, though, that sooner or later, such things will need to be replaced entirely, and your budget needs to reflect that.
3. IT
When you think of a GP surgery, your mind might not initially jump to IT. However, all medical practices these days must use their fair share of technology in order to keep their practice running smoothly. Such software as can help to schedule appointments, keep medical records current, and act as cybersecurity to keep such records safe and secure.
Many GPs are also turning to online consultation forms in order to help alleviate the workload on the surgery itself. Such online forms can help patients get the advice and guidance they need without necessarily having to see the doctor. Such technology can go a long way to helping to improve the operations of your practice but bear in mind that they do come at a cost.


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What triggers xenophobic violence in South Africa? By answering this deceivingly simple but critical question, this paper high – lights an often-missed empirical factor and key element in the xenophobic violence causal chain: mobilization. Drawing from extensive, comparative empirical data and global literature, the paper argues that, while macro and micro-level socio-economic and political circumstances are important elements in heightening tensions and creating collective discontent, anger and resentment towards foreign nationals, it is the mobilization of this discontent and not the discontent itself that triggers xenophobic attacks in locations where they occur. Mobilization is the vital connective tissue between discontent and xenophobic violence. Local violence entrepreneurs use well-known mobilization techniques, including haranguing and parochial patronage, to stir crowds into targeted and well-organized violent attacks of foreign nationals in South Africa. While this argument is in line with existing theoretical approaches that emphasize mobilization as a key causal factor in the occurrence of collective violence, the paper provides useful solid empirical backing these still hesitant approaches require to consolidate their explanatory value and efficacy.
Author: Jean Pierre Misago


Captain Corelli's Mandolin
Captain Corelli's Mandolin
Louis De Bernières
Captain Corelli's Mandolin Study Guide
Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Louis De Bernières's Captain Corelli's Mandolin. Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.
Brief Biography of Louis De Bernières
De Bernières was born just outside of London and grew up in Surrey. Though he joined the army when he was 18, he only made it four months in the officer training course and then moved on to attending several universities, including Victoria University of Manchester and the University of London. He held a number of odd jobs, including that of a mechanic and an English teacher in Colombia, before turning to writing full-time in the late 1980s. His experiences in Colombia influenced his first three novels, known collectively as the Latin American Trilogy. He's most famous for Captain Corelli's Mandolin, though he openly disapproves of the film adaptation. De Bernières has never been married but has two children with the actress Cathy Gill. He also plays a number of instruments and though he considers himself to be just an enthusiastic amateur, a majority of his novels illustrate his love of music.
Get the entire Captain Corelli's Mandolin LitChart as a printable PDF.
Captain Corelli's Mandolin PDF
Historical Context of Captain Corelli's Mandolin
Captain Corelli's Mandolin is based primarily on the Italian occupation of Cephalonia during World War Two and, specifically, the Massacre of the Acqui Division (also known as the Cephalonia Massacre). Prior to occupying Cephalonia, the Italians invaded Albania in what was widely considered to be a poorly thought-out plan; Carlo and Francisco are involved in this invasion, and they also participate in the invasion of Greece from Albania in the fall of 1940. The formal occupation of Greece began in 1941, and the division headquarters moved to Cephalonia in the spring of 1943. In the fall, however, Italy deposed their fascist dictator Mussolini and surrendered to the Allied forces--though things were complicated by the fact that Italy also promised its troops to the Germans. After the Italian troops on Cephalonia threatened mutiny if they were forced to cooperate with the Germans, General Gandin, the commanding officer of the Acqui Division, agreed to stand and attempt to defeat the Germans. This resulted in a conflict that lasted several days in which local Greeks fought alongside Italians but ultimately lost. The Italians that survived the fighting were murdered in what became one of the largest prisoner of war massacres of World War Two. Following the war, Greece descended into a civil war that's considered to be one of the first proxy wars of the Cold War. The pro-west faction effectively won in 1949, though Greece's economy was devastated by the conflict for decades after and still experiences political polarization because of the war today.
Other Books Related to Captain Corelli's Mandolin
De Bernières has specifically cited the work of Gabriel García Márquez as an influence on his own novels; a number of García Márquez's books utilize magical realism and while Captain Corelli's Mandolin doesn't technically utilize the form, critics have noted that the larger-than-life characters in the novel would fit easily in a work that did. The novel itself makes a number of references to classic Greek works, most notably Plato's Symposium. Carlo mentions Dante's Inferno as well. In that the novel deals with civilian life in a time of war, Captain Corelli's Mandolin also shares similarities with Euripides's play The Trojan Women. It also joins a number of contemporary novels that explore love and the human cost of World War Two, including Ian McEwan's Atonement and Mary Ann Shaffer's The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society.
Key Facts about Captain Corelli's Mandolin
 - Full Title: Captain Corelli's Mandolin (Corelli's Mandolin in the U.S.)
 - When Written: 1993-94
 - Where Written: Surrey, England
 - When Published: 1994
 - Literary Period: Contemporary Fiction
 - Genre: Historical Fiction
 - Setting: The Greek island of Cephalonia, 1930s-1990s
 - Climax: Günter Weber's firing squad kills Corelli's division; Carlo saves Corelli
 - Antagonist: Hitler, Mussolini, cold, hunger
 - Point of View: Various
Extra Credit for Captain Corelli's Mandolin
The Earthquake. Though characters in the novel express fear after the great earthquake of 1953 that Cephalonia is going to sink into the sea, the opposite happened: the entire island actually rose two feet higher out of the water.
Cat Haters. Mussolini was a known hater of cats. The American journalist John Gunter wrote in 1936 that "the things that Mussolini hates most are Hitler, aristocrats, money, cats, and old age."