text:
Check Balance selects nested expressions (for example, parenthesized) outward from the insertion point.
To select a nested expression, select anywhere within the expression by clicking. Choose Check Balance, and click to expand the selection out to the next set of enclosed parentheses, brackets, or braces.
Each time you choose Check Balance, Mathematica expands the selection in both directions until it finds pairs of matching parentheses, brackets, or braces. Repeating the command expands the selection one level at a time.
You can use the Check Balance command to check the structure of mathematical expressions. For example, if you have unbalanced parentheses or parentheses incorrectly balanced with brackets or braces, Mathematica beeps. Choose Help ► Why the Beep? to identify the mistake. If you position the insertion point inside a bracketed expression and choose Check Balance, Mathematica should select the whole expression. If not, you have a missing bracket somewhere.
Mathematica cannot balance a selection that spans more than one cell.


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This step by step article explains how to calculate Km and Vmax using Microsoft Excel.
Solver add-in is available as a part of optional component in Excel. With Solver, you can find an optimal value for a formula in one cell — called the target cell — on a worksheet. Solver works with a group of cells that are related, either directly or indirectly, to the formula in the target cell. Solver adjusts the values in the changing cells you specify — called the adjustable cells — to produce the result you specify from the target cell formula. Your target formula of course will be the Michaelis-Menten formula. You will use it to calculate the "calculated rates". You will need the values of Km and Vmax which will be your adjustable cells and since we don't know the values we will use random numbers. The target cell will be the sum of the square differences between experimental and calculated rates. When the target cell will be minimized it will minimize the difference between the experimental and the calculate rate and adjust the values of Km and Vmax thus fitting the calculated rates curve to your experimental data.
Select cell A1 and type Km= and press enter. Type Vmax= and then select cell B1. The B1 will contain the value for Km as mentioned above we will use a random number so type 1 and press enter. Type 1 again and this will be your Vmax. If you fill your data similar to the next picture then you can follow the step by step instructions.
To calculate the Calculated velocity select the C5 and type "=" then select the value of Vmax (cell B2), type *, select the corresponding substrate (cell A5), type /, open parenthesis, select the value of Km (B1), add the substrate concentration and close the parenthesis. To keep the position of the Km and Vmax values constant add the $ sign before the column and the row number so instead of B2 you will have $B$2. Hit enter. Select the calculated cell and move the mouse pointer to the right bottom corner, when the pointer turns into a cross push the mouse left button and pull it down to calculate the rates for the rest of the substrate concentrations.
To visualize the data you will plot both series on one plot
Select the date columns A to C and corresponding rows depending on how many substrate concentrations you have and hit the plot button on your toolbar,select chart type scattered and click next. Follow the rest of the chart wizard steps to finish the plot if you wish to rename the series you may do so. Once the plot is ready double click the data series that corresponds to calculated velocity (when you click on the data series the corresponding columns and rows are highlighted) and change the marker format to none and line format to custom. Your plot should look similar to the plot below.
Calculate the difference between the measured and
experimental velocities. You can use the excel formula POWER to calculate the
square of the difference. Your screen will look similar to the following
Since the Solver can minimize one value at a time you will calculate the sum of the square of differences.
Select the cell which contains the sum of the square differences and choose solver from the Tools menu.
Your screen will look similar to the following picture.
As you can see the Target cell is set to the sum of the square difference and it will be minimized by changing the cells which contain the random values of Km and Vmax.
Select Solve, solver will pose after first approximation and you will need to click on continue button. When the last iteration is done you will note that the calculated curve if fit to your measured velocities and the Km and Vmax are changed.
To test the goodness of the fit as an additional exercise you can calculate the correlation coefficient or R-square.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What is a City Directory?
It's the phone book; pre-phones, of course. City directories were printed lists of people in a city and its surrounds, with business advertisements, home addresses, family names and occupations, and information about the city. It is a valuable source for finding families according to their location, occupation, race, and community that can seriously supplement the years between censuses. The following is not a complete description of all city directories everywhere, but it will get you started…
Short History of the Directory
The first city directory was published in Baltimore in 1752 and next in Charleston in 1782. These were compiled by private companies, and had no government regulations guiding their creation or publication. You may find a city with more than one directory in a year, or missing a few years, depending on the success of the company at the time. Large cities and their suburbs are more likely than a small town to have a directory.
What Can I Find in A Directory?
Directories vary over time, depending on the size of the city and sophistication of the company providing the publication. As with all genealogical records, the earlier directories have less information than later ones. You may be able to find:
- Name and address, sometimes birthplace
- Name of wife, adult children, relatives, and boarders in household
- Other persons of same name in city or on the same street – browse by surname AND street name in later directories
- Advertisements for business
- Sometimes death listings for the last year or women listed as "widow"
- Histories and facts about the city and MAPS!
Where Can I Go to Find a City Directory?
There is no one place that will have every city directory in the United States, but the Library of Congress gave it a really good try (_URL_). Not only do they have the largest collection, they have early phone books as well. The best places to start are at the county library or historical society; check the state archive, local university libraries, and state library as well. The trick is that not every directory may be in each place. You may find a few years you need at the historical society and a few more at the state archive. Keep digging! Some may be in their original paper form, and some may be on microfilm. Many places are digitizing their directories: try a Google search for the place plus the word "city directory." Ancestry.com and other places have some online, but don't forget about the vast holdings of the Family History Library: order a microfilm of the directory to come to you at your local Family History Center (_URL_
Some Hints for Success:
Number one rule of reading any genealogical index: Don't just read the page with your ancestor's name on it – read the introduction and explanations at the front as well. The same goes for city directories. There are some great tidbits of information that could guide your search. For example, in an 1869 Boyd's Directory for Washington DC, it reads "Many of our streets need renumbering, especially 7th, 9th, and F streets, and Pennsylvania and New York avenues. There are squares having duplicate numbers, and in some cases triplicate numbers. In fact, the whole city ought to be renumbered." There are abbreviation tables, maps, city histories, lists of names omitted from the index, and (best of all) sometimes listings of how certain surnames were spelled multiple ways.
You've Got to Try This!
If you haven't cracked open a city directory to find an ancestor before, now is the time. I am working with a client problem right now that I could not be solving without the directories. The ancestor lived in that critical time between 1790 – 1840 when censuses are so limited. In the censuses I found three men named John. In the directories I found six men named John, their occupations ranging from "cordwainer" (shoemaker) to mariner, plus their addresses and other people with the same surname living near them. Put city directories at the top of your research to-do list, and dig a little deeper for those mysterious ancestors!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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I am desiging a file format and I want to do it right. Since it is a binary format, the very first byte (or bytes) of the file should not form valid textual characters (just like in the PNG file header1). This allows tools that do not recognize the format to still see that its not a text file by looking at the first few bytes.
Any codepoint above 0x7F is invalid US-ASCII, so that's easy. But for Unicode it's a whole different story. Apart from valid Unicode characters there are private-use characters, noncharacters and sentinels, as I found in the Unicode Private-Use Characters, Noncharacters & Sentinels FAQ.
What would be a sentinel sequence of bytes that I can use at the start of the file that would result in invalid US-ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE?
 - Obviously the first byte cannot have a value below 0x80 as that would be a valid US-ASCII (control)character, so 0x00 cannot be used.
 - Also, since private-use characters are valid Unicode characters, I can't use those codepoints either.
 - Since it must work with both little-endian and big-endian UTF-16, a noncharacter such as 0xFFFE is also not possible as its reverse 0xFEFF is a valid Unicode character.
 - The above mentioned FAQ suggests not using any of the noncharacters as that would still result in a valid Unicode sequence, so something like 0xFFFF is also out of the picture.
What would be the future-proof sentinel values that are left for me to use?
1) The PNG format has as its very first byte the non-ASCII 0x89 value, followed by the string PNG. A tool that read the first few bytes of a PNG may determine it is a binary file since it cannot interpret 0x89. A GIF file, on the other hand, starts directly with the valid and readable ASCII string GIF followed by three more valid ASCII characters. For GIF a tool might determine it is a readable text file. This is wrong and the idea of starting the file with a non-textural byte sequence came from Designing File Formats by Andy McFadden.
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Since it is a binary format, the first bytes of the file should not form valid textual characters - You should look at the magic file (/usr/share/magic, or /etc/magic on many unix systems) that shows how this application identifies file types. A PNG file starts out with \x89PNG\x0d\0a\x1a\x0a -- note the "PNG" in there, that's a raw string. The sequences \x89 and the like are non-printable bytes. – MichaelT Mar 13 '13 at 15:29
_USER_ Yes, since PNG is a binary format, the first byte does not form a valid textual character. That's what I meant. I fail to see your point? – Virtlink Mar 13 '13 at 15:36
That was an example. A.gif starts out with GIF8. A SGI movi file starts out with MOVI. One style of zip archive file starts out with ZZ, the more popular pkzip format starts out with PK. The constraint that the first byte be an invalid text character does not seem to match what is found in the wild. I am curious why this is a requirement. – MichaelT Mar 13 '13 at 15:51
Do you really care how other programs behave when they see a unknown file? To me, a signature sequence (like PNG files) is much more useful than a sentinel sequence - when the content is sent through a simple stream protocol, the receiver can immediately decide how to handle the following bytes. A Omani-sentinel sequence is next to no-sequence once everyone starts using it to identify their own format. – Codism Mar 13 '13 at 16:51
_USER_, I dont particularly care what bytes you use in your file format. But you made an assertion that its 'wrong' to use ascii characters... yet I've not seen anything here that supports that claim, and there's plenty of empirical experience that shows it really doesn't matter (ie, the countless file formats that have been using ASCII characters without a problem for decades) – GrandmasterB Mar 13 '13 at 19:49
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3 Answers
0xDC 0xDC
 - Obviously invalid UTF-8 and ASCII
 - Unpaired trail surrogate in lead position regardless of endianess in UTF-16. It doesn't get more invalid UTF-16 than that.
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But perfectly reasonable ISO-8859-1, and probably reasonable in any other character set that uses an 8-bit encoding. – parsifal Mar 13 '13 at 23:06
+1 OP didn't ask for ISO 8859-1, just US-ASCII and UTF-*. – Ross Patterson Mar 14 '13 at 0:00
_USER_ - true, but I suspect that's mostly because the OP hasn't really thought through the problem. Without any statistics to back me up, I'm willing to bet that a random "is this text" algorithm is more likely to give preference to ISO-8859-1 than UTF-16, simply because there's an enormous amount of 8-bit text in the world. – parsifal Mar 14 '13 at 12:57
_USER_ Any binary is valid ISO-8859-1 so it doesn't need to be considered simply because it's impossible to make invalid ISO-8859-1. – Esailija Mar 14 '13 at 13:05
_USER_ - valid, yes, but "text" files don't usually contain control characters (outside of the limited set of whitespace characters). – parsifal Mar 14 '13 at 14:40
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 - In UTF-8, the bytes C0, C1, and F5 - FF are illegal. The first byte must either be ASCII or a byte in the range C2-F4, any other starting byte is not valid UTF-8.
 - In UTF-16, the file normally starts with the Byte Order Mark (U+FEFF), otherwise applications have to guess at the byte order. Codepoints in the range D800-DBFF are lead bytes for a surrogate pair, and DC00-DFFF are the trailing bytes for a surrogate pair.
Thus, I'd use the byte combo F5DC. These two values are:
 - Not ASCII
 - Not valid UTF-8
 - Either interpreted as a UTF-16 trailing byte in a surrogate pair (not legal), or the codepoint U+F5DC, which is a private use character, but only by applications that stubbornly try to interpret this as UTF-16 even without a BOM.
If you need more options, F5DD through to F5DF all have the same 3 properties, as do F6DC - F6DF, F7DC - F7DF and F8DC - F8DF, for a total of 16 different byte combos to pick from.
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So, by Esailija's suggestion to use U+DCDC, 0xDC would be valid UTF-8? – Virtlink Mar 13 '13 at 16:38
_USER_ 0xDC is a UTF-8 lead byte for a 2-byte sequence. It must be followed by a 10xxxxxx continuation byte for it to be valid. 0xDC is not a valid continuation byte, so 0xDC 0xDC is not valid UTF-8. – Esailija Mar 13 '13 at 16:40
_USER_: No, because the second byte is not valid, it would have to be in the range 80 - BF. – Martijn Pieters Mar 13 '13 at 16:45
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If you're trying to use a non-printable character to indicate "not text," then you'll find it hard to beat 0x89:
 - It's outside the US-ASCII range
 - In ISO-8859-1 it's a non-printable character ("CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION "). Likewise with Shift-JIS, which I believe is still in common use. Other 8-bit encodings may, however treat this as a valid character.
 - In UTF-8 it's an invalid first-byte for a multi-byte sequence (top bits are 10, which are reserved for characters 2..N of a multi-byte sequence)
Generally, when you form magic numbers, "non-text" is a minor point. I'll have to look up the reference, but one of the standard graphics formats (TIFF, I think) has something like six different pieces of useful information from its magic number.
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text:
LIFE IN ST. LOUIS DURING WORLD WAR II
At the start of World War II in 1941, only eleven or twelve Japanese families were known to have settled in St. Louis. No evacuations to internment camps took place in Missouri. Life was closer to normal for Japanese families living in St. Louis, although surely it was not business as usual. Although racism was probably not as bad as it was on the West Coast, it was likely existent in St. Louis during the war.
In the following excerpt, Mae Marshall, a life-long St. Louis resident, explains how the FBI came into her father's store on Market Street.
1948 Family Photo
Mary Alyea Beck, Ben Kadowaki, Bob, Herb, and Mae


text:
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has been traditionally used in treatment numerous health problems, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of chronic intake of stinging nettle leaf extract (UE) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Design and method:
SHR were divided into 5 experimental groups. Throughout 4 weeks long study, control group (SHRC) received tap water, positive antihypertensive control group (SHR+L) received 10 mg/kg/day of losartan, while SHR+UE10, SHR+UE50 and SHR+UE200 groups were treated with 10, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day of dry aqueous-methanolic UE. Losartan and UE were dissolved in 0.5 ml of water, and given to the animals by gavage. At the end of the treatment mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured directly in anesthetized animals, and blood samples were collected for erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Serum lipid peroxidation level was assessed by total thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBARS).Results:
MBP dropped significantly in SHR+L, SHR+UE50, and SHR+UE200 group. Furthermore, all three UE doses significantly increased SOD and CAT activities, but not the GPx activity. Antioxidant enzyme activities remained unchained in SHR+L group. Serum lipid peroxidation level was decreased in all three tested UE doses while it remained unchanged in SHR+L group.Conclusions:
Our results indicate that all three UE doses improve antioxidant enzymes activity and reduce serum lipid peroxidation level in SHR. Furthermore, MAP reduction in SHR+UE50 and SHR+UE200 is similar to losartan therapy. Therefore, UE expresses beneficial effects in genetically induced hypertension.


text:
This Comment urges that under California law, both adoptees and birthparents should have recognized constitutional rights to privacy in the information contained in court adoption files and original birth certificates. Part I examines the history of sealed adoption records in the United States and in California and how the social forces of the time contributed to the sealing of previously open records. Part II discusses the need for legislative reform by examining policy arguments supporting open records. Part III examines constitutional rights of privacy under the United States and California Constitutions respecting both birthparents and adoptees. Part IV argues that the California legislature should declare privacy rights in sealed adoption records for both adoptees and birthparents. Part V analyzes AB 1349 and concludes that in both versions the privacy rights of birthmothers who do not desire disclosure are not adequately protected by the inclusion of a contact preference option. In addition, the failure of the amended bill to allow access to the court adoption files ensures that the informational privacy rights of both birthparents and adoptees in these records will continue to go unrecognized and unprotected. Finally, Part VI recommends statutory changes in the California adoption records law that will sufficiently protect the competing privacy rights of adoptees and birthparents. To rectify the current situation, there should be a presumption of openness in all adoption records, as well as a shift in the burden of persuasion to show why the records should not be opened.
Opening The Door To The Past: Recognizing The Privacy Rights Of Adult Adoptees And Birthparents In California's Sealed Adoption Records While Facilitating The Quest For Personal Origin And Belonging, 32 Golden Gate U. L. Rev.


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What is the physical meaning of magnetic length $\ell_B=\frac{\hbar c}{e B}$ in 2D electron system under magnetic field? When $\ell_B \longrightarrow a$, where $a$ is the lattice constant, does that mean the Landau sub-band is nearly flat?
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3 Answers 3
The physical meaning is the length of electron trajectory along which this electron gains phase factor comparable with $2\pi$ from the magnetic field. Normally, it is rather large. When is is as small as lattice constant, it means that the magnetic field is comparable with electric field in the atom which is rather rare situation.
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First of all, the expression for the magnetic length that you give is wrong: there is a square root missing: $l_B=\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c}{eB}}$.
Secondly, to understand the meaning, you don't really need to think about lattices or phases of the electron wavefunction as the previous answers would have it. Instead, begin by thinking about a motion of a classical charged particle in a magnetic field. If it has an initial velocity in the direction perpendicular to the field, it will move in a circle whose radius is found from the second Newton's law: $m v^2/R = \frac{e}{c}vB \Rightarrow R=\frac{mvc}{eB}$ - the so-called Larmor radius.
Now let's ask ourselves, what would be the smallest radius allowed by the uncertainty principle? After all, the Larmor radius $R\propto mv=p$, but the uncertainty principle states that the two cannot be arbitrarily small simultaneously. In fact, the uncertainties in the particle's position and momentum are bounded by $\Delta x \Delta p \geq \hbar/2$. For a particle moving around a circle, $\Delta x = 2R$ while $\Delta p = 2mv$. In order to minimise the uncertainty we should replace $mv \to \hbar/R$ in the expression for the Larmor radius (I am ignoring the factor of 8 here - but we are after the physical meaning, not the exact numbers here). This gives $R^2=\frac{\hbar c}{eB}$ - which is the expression for the magnetic length! In other words, the magnetic length $l_B$ has the physical meaning of the smallest size of a circular orbit in a magnetic field which is allowed by the uncertainty principle.
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There is a deeper meaning of the magnetic length $l_B$. It is the lattice constant of a two-dimensional (2D) artificial structure. Let's consider a particle moving in 2D plane under a perpendicular uniform magnetic field of strength $B$. In classical mechanics, the system is obviously translationally invariant under any translation. However, in quantum mechanics, it is not so, because what enters the Schrodinger equation is the corresponding vector potential, which breaks this symmetry. Nevertheless, it is still possible to define an artificial lattice with primitive vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$, so that the translation by any $\vec{R} = m\vec{a} + n\vec{b}$ remains a symmetry, provided the area of the unit cell is $|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}|=l^2_B$. This means that, $l_B$ measures the lattice constant of this artificial lattice.
For more details, please see the book The Geometric Phase in Quantum Systems by A. Bohm et al. Also, this paper is very useful: PRL49:405(1982).
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text:
Lesson: Language Hotspots
Students will explore a Web map showing language hotspots; areas where languages are at risk of disappearing and discover the factors involved in language loss. They will have an opportunity to modify their maps to include dominant language information and answer questions that will help them understand the importance of language. At the end of this lesson, students can choose to compile a report and presentation on a regional hotspot of their choice.
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sociology history geography language loss map world earth human history communication esri canada


text:
Pursuing higher education often takes students beyond the borders of their home country. With its rich tapestry of culture and innovative academic environment, South Korea has emerged as a preferred destination for many. If you want to study in Korea, particularly at a revered institution, the Samsung Global Sungkyun Scholarship is one such beacon of opportunity.
The scholarship specifically targets remarkable freshmen. If you're among those chosen for nomination, prepare yourself, as an interview might be on the horizon. The aftermath of the nomination process? You will receive individual notification post the second qualification announcement.
Two notable scholarship options are available, Option A and Option B.
- Complete tuition coverage for four academic years (including the entrance fee). However, maintaining this scholarship requires diligence. Students must:
- Enroll in a minimum of 12 credits (with the exception of 9 credits in the 7th semester) and maintain a GPA of 3.7 or above without any failing grades. For the first and second semesters, a GPA of 3.5 is acceptable.
- Alternatively, an overall GPA of 3.7 across semesters without failing grades is also accepted.
- A stipend of KRW 570,000 monthly (totaling KRW 3,400,000 per semester) for living expenses.
- Priority in dormitory allocation and complete dormitory fee coverage.
- An invaluable 1:1 monitoring program that connects you with alumni, professors, or experts tailored to your field.
- An exclusive counseling program to further aid your academic journey.
It covers only trituration for four academic years and mirrors the academic requirements of Option A.
It's crucial to note that falling short of these academic requirements can have consequences. Failure to meet the required GPA will result in the forfeiture of the scholarship in the subsequent semester. Two such instances will lead to complete disqualification from the scholarship.
If you're keen on exploring study abroad programs, especially in Korea, this scholarship offers a robust stepping stone. Its stringent requirements echo the commitment to excellence and the holistic educational experience it promises. If learning in Korea inspires you, leap, and let the Samsung Global Sungkyun Scholarship pave your way to academic success.
Let me mentor you!


covariance holds $Cov(X_i, X_i) = \sigma_i^2$ and, as long as the original measurements $X_i$ and $X_j$ are independent, $Cov(X_i, X_j) = 0$ otherwise. This leads to the answer of the original question, the variance (squared standard deviation) of the average $Y$ of $n$ measurements $X_i$ with random uncertainty $\sigma_i$: $$\sigma^2 = \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} \sum_i w_i^2 \sigma_i^2,$$ which yields $$\Delta c = \sigma = \frac{1}{\sum_i w_i} \sqrt{\sum_i (w_i \sigma_i)^2}.$$ That's exactly what the error propagation equation yields after inserting the derivations of $c$. Why is it exact while the error propagation equation is an approximation? The error propagation equation approximates by a first-order Tayler expansion. Since the average is a linear function, it is exact and not only approximated, here.
Additional information: For the unweighted average ($w_i = 1~ \forall i$), we get $$ E\{Y\} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_i E\{ X_i\} \quad\quad\quad \sigma^2 = \frac{1}{n^2} \sum_i \sigma_i^2$$ If all original samples $X_i$ have the same variance $\tilde\sigma^2$, this leads also to the well know variance of the average: $$\sigma^2 = \frac{\tilde\sigma^2}{n}.$$
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text:
Modifiers are used to add variations and flexibility to your product offering without creating an excessively large menu.
You are able to create modifiers manually or en masse using Excel. This article will walk through the process of adding and editing your modifiers using the Import/Export feature.
Please Note: Import/Export is only possible with Excel.
- Exporting the Modifier Spreadsheet
- Working in the Modifier Spreadsheet
- Importing the Modifier Spreadsheet
Exporting the Modifier Spreadsheet
The first step to add/edit modifiers via a spreadsheet is to export the sheet. To do this:
- From the Management Console ([yoursubdomain].revelup.com), go to Products.
- Click Import/Export and choose Modifiers from the menu:
- You will now be on the Export Modifiers page. For Export Type you can select Basic, Advanced, or Empty Template:
- Basic: This spreadsheet contains the minimum amount of modifier details like name, price, cost, and active status. The basic export will contain your existing modifiers, which you can edit and/or add new modifiers with this spreadsheet.
- Advanced: This spreadsheet contains all of the columns in the basic export plus Additional Fields like color code, kitchen print name, and printers. Similar to the basic spreadsheet, this will export your existing modifiers so you can edit them and/or add new modifiers with this sheet:
- Empty Template: This spreadsheet contains all of the columns in the basic export, but it does not export your existing modifiers. This is the best export type to use if you only want to add new modifiers and you do not want to edit your existing modifiers. This selection also lets you choose Additional Fields if you want to add advanced details to your modifiers:
Working in the Modifier Spreadsheet
The basic exported modifier spreadsheet works using the fields listed below.
NOTE: In order to successfully upload your modifier spreadsheet, fields with a * MUST be filled out; italicized items are optional:
- Lines 1-19 in the spreadsheet provide instructions on how to use the sheet. You can leave them there or delete them, but no action is required for those lines.
- Modifier Class Name*: Column A; This is the grouping that your specific modifiers will fall under. For example, Cheese Types, Size, and Dressing Choice could all be modifier classes.
- Modifier Name*: Column B; This is the name of the specific modifier. For example, Pepper Jack, Medium, and Ranch.
- Description: Column C; Here you can provide more details about the specific modifier. The modifier description is accessible on the Point of Sale. This is an optional field.
- Price*: Column D; The amount the customer will be charged upon purchase of the modifier. The price can be left at 0 if it is a free modifier.
- Cost: Column E; The amount it cost your business to purchase one single unit of this modifier.
- SKU*: Column F; If the modifier has a specific Stock Keeping Unit associated with it, put that here. OR
- Barcode*: Column G; If the modifier has a specific barcode associated with it, put that here. Please Note: Modifiers MUST have a barcode OR a SKU. If your modifier does not need a specific SKU or barcode, it can be an arbitrary number.
- Active*: Column H; If the active status is Yes, the modifier will be available for use on the Point of Sale. If the status is No, it will not appear on the Point of Sale but can still be accessed on the Management Console.
- Sort Order: Column I; The order in which the modifiers will appear on the Point of Sale within the modifier class:
Additional fields that may appear with the Advanced export include:
- Color Code
- Display in Kiosk (applies to both Kiosk 1.0 and Kiosk XT)
- Display on online and 3rd party applications
- Do Not Print
- Dynamic cost
- Image URL
- Is Hot
- Is Quick
- Kitchen Description
- Kitchen Print Name
- Reset Barcode
- Reset SKU
- Third Party Name
Importing the Modifier Spreadsheet
Once you have filled out the spreadsheet following the instructions above, save your file. Then, follow these steps:
- On the Management Console, go to the Products tab.
- Click the Import/ Export button and choose Modifiers.
- You will be back on the same screen from which you exported the list. Scroll down to the Import Modifiers section.
- Click Choose File and attach your saved spreadsheet.
- Then, click Import:
- The upload process occurs offline. You will receive an email with the results of the import. If the email states any errors occurred, fix the issue in the spreadsheet and upload it again.
NOTE: New modifiers that have been added through an import are NOT attached to products. To attach modifiers to products, you can do so:


text:
St. Ann's Academy sits on a 6 1/4 acre piece of property, which once surrounded the log home that became the pioneer schoolhouse in 1858. Through donations and purchases, the Sisters eventually acquired 22 lots. Much of the grounds, particularly on the west side, was wet and rocky, but loads of fill were dumped from local construction sites to build up the ground level, in the area of the Green and the Arboretum. In 1911, Father Adrian Vullinghs, while a patient in St. Joseph's Hospital across the street from the Academy, conceived a plan to create formal, landscaped grounds for St. Ann's and suggested his designs to the gardener, Sister Mary Colette.
Born in the Netherlands and educated in Belgium, Vullinghs was a priest by vocation. His interest in the outdoors led to his design for the garden of the Church of Our Lady of Assumption, in Saanich. He was present with the workmen to share the expertise he had gained over 16 years of working with the trees and shrubberies in his own garden.
"What was the potato field has been terraced in four parts. The farthest from the house is a favourite resting place for the pupils; the second is a croquet lawn; the third is a tennis court and then comes the grove, which is covered with crushed stone instead of grass." (excerpt from early chronicles, Victoria Sisters of St. Ann,, as quoted in 5 Year Plan) These words of an observer from 1912 reveal the divisions of the Green into areas intended for specific uses. Croquet fell out of fashion in later years, but the grass tennis lawn was enjoyed by Sisters and students alike. In 1928, courts were laid out for the game; they were enlarged in 1933 to accommodate two sets of players and improved again in 1959, eventually including fencing to keep the ball from flying off into the bushes.
During the spring, crocuses, in white and purple, and yellow daffodils would bloom on the Green, and the girls would begin to ride their bicycles. These bikes were stored, at least temporarily, in the simple bicycle shelter that was erected at the south end of the green, in front of the tennis terrace. Wooden slots were arranged around the perimeter of the shelter, so the front tires could be held in place as the bicycles parked in a circle. The Sisters would tend the blooms in the rose arbour, a place of beauty and a stark contrast to the potato fields that had grown before.
Not all of the landscaping was as rustic as wildflowers and wooden shelters. The formal gardens, including the Green, were based on features of Italian and French landscaping. Dividing the grounds into distinct sections, separating these spaces with bushes and shrubs and carefully spacing the trees and flowers were all approaches used in the long tradition of formal European gardens. The small structures, such as the bicycle shed, that were constructed along the paths and the terraced lawns were features used at the great French palace at Versailles, where Louis the Sun King was himself in charge of the landscaping during the 1600s. It is interesting that this would tie in so closely with the French influences in the architecture of the Academy buildings. This stylistic relationship changed: the sheds were demolished, the paths grew over, the Green terraces were converted and there was a greater distinction between the Formal Garden spaces and the open landscaping with the maturation of the trees.
As St. Joseph's Hospital began to grow, parking was required for staff and visitors. Cars began to park across the street, at St. Ann's, in the area where the tennis courts had been. In 1972, St. Ann's Academy, attempting to cope with the high costs of running a school without government funding, and with a vast amount of property to tend, sold a large portion of the grounds to the Provincial Government. The length of the Green, where girls had once run and enjoyed their games, became space for roughly 150 vehicles. The restoration efforts converted the Green into an open, grassy lawn.


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Imagine that you are a nutritionist trying to explore the nutritional content of food. What is the best way to differentiate food items? By vitamin content? Protein levels? Or perhaps a combination of both?
Knowing the variables that best differentiate your items has several uses:
1. Visualization. Using the right variables to plot items will give more insights.
2. Uncovering Clusters. With good visualizations, hidden categories or clusters could be identified. Among food items for instance, we may identify broad categories like meat and vegetables, as well as sub-categories such as types of vegetables.
The question is, how do we derive the variables that best differentiate items?
Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a technique that finds underlying variables (known as principal components) that best differentiate your data points. Principal components are dimensions along which your data points are most spread out:
A principal component can be expressed by one or more existing variables. For example, we may use a single variable – vitamin C – to differentiate food items. Because vitamin C is present in vegetables but absent in meat, the resulting plot (below, left) will differentiate vegetables from meat, but meat items will clumped be together.
To spread the meat items out, we can use fat content in addition to vitamin C levels, since fat is present in meat but absent in vegetables. However, fat and vitamin C levels are measured in different units. To combine the two variables, we first have to normalize them, meaning to shift them onto a uniform standard scale, which would allow us to calculate a new variable – vitamin C minus fat. Combining the two variables helps to spread out both vegetable and meat items.
The spread can be further improved by adding fiber, of which vegetable items have varying levels. This new variable – (vitamin C + fiber) minus fat – achieves the best data spread yet.
While in this demonstration we tried to derive principal components by trial-and-error, PCA does this by systematic computation.
Using data from the United States Department of Agriculture, we analyzed the nutritional content of a random sample of food items. Four nutrition variables were analyzed: Vitamin C, Fiber, Fat and Protein. For fair comparison, food items were raw and measured by 100g.
Among food items, the presence of certain nutrients appear correlated. This is illustrated in the barplot below with 4 example items:
Specifically, fat and protein levels seem to move in the same direction with each other, and in the opposite direction from fiber and vitamin C levels. To confirm our hypothesis, we can check for correlations (tutorial: correlation analysis) between the nutrition variables. As expected, there are large positive correlations between fat and protein levels (r = 0.56), as well as between fiber and vitamin C levels (r = 0.57).
Therefore, instead of analyzing all 4 nutrition variables, we can combine highly-correlated variables, leaving just 2 dimensions to consider. This is the same strategy used in PCA – it examines correlations between variables to reduce the number of dimensions in the dataset. This is why PCA is called a dimension reduction technique.
Applying PCA to this food dataset results in the following principal components:
The numbers represent weights used in combining variables to derive principal components. For example, to get the top principal component (PC1) value for a particular food item, we add up the amount of Fiber and Vitamin C it contains, with slightly more emphasis on Fiber, and then from that we subtract the amount of Fat and Protein it contains, with Protein negated to a larger extent.
We observe that the top principal component (PC1) summarizes our findings so far – it has paired fat with protein, and fiber with vitamin C. It also takes into account the inverse relationship between the pairs. Hence, PC1 likely serves to differentiate meat from vegetables. The second principal component (PC2) is a combination of two unrelated nutrition variables – fat and vitamin C. It serves to further differentiate sub-categories within meat (using fat) and vegetables (using vitamin C).
Using the top 2 principal components to plot food items results in the best data spread thus far:
Meat items (blue) have low PC1 values, and are thus concentrated on the left of the plot, on the opposite side from vegetable items (orange). Among meats, seafood items (dark blue) have lower fat content, so they have lower PC2 values and are at the bottom of the plot. Several non-leafy vegetarian items (dark orange), having lower vitamin C content, also have lower PC2 values and appear at the bottom.
Choosing the Number of Components. As principal components are derived from existing variables, the information available to differentiate data points is constrained by the number of variables you start with. Hence, the above PCA on food items only generated 4 principal components, corresponding to the original number of variables in the dataset.
Principal components are also ordered by their effectiveness in differentiating data points, with the first principal component doing so to the largest degree. To keep results simple and generalizable, only the first few principal components are selected for visualization and further analysis. The number of principal components to consider is determined by something called a scree plot:
A scree plot shows the decreasing effectiveness of subsequent principal components in differentiating data points. A rule of thumb is to use the number of principal components corresponding to the location of a kink. In the plot above, the kink is located at the second component. This means that even though having three or more principal components would better differentiate data points, this extra information may not justify the resulting complexity of the solution. As we can see from the scree plot, the top 2 principal components already account for about 70% of data spread. Using fewer principal components to explain the current data sample better ensures that the same components can be generalized to another data sample.
Maximizing Spread. The main assumption of PCA is that dimensions that reveal the largest spread among data points are the most useful. However, this may not be true. A popular counter example is the task of counting pancakes arranged in a stack, with pancake mass representing data points:
To count the number of pancakes, one pancake is differentiated from the next along the vertical axis (i.e. height of the stack). However, if the stack is short, PCA would erroneously identify a horizontal axis (i.e. diameter of the pancakes) as a useful principal component for our task, as it would be the dimension along which there is largest spread.
Interpreting Components. If we are able to interpret the principal components of the pancake stack, with intelligible labels such as "height of stack" or "diameter of pancakes", we might be able to select the correct principal components for analysis. However, this is often not the case. Interpretations of generated components have to be inferred, and sometimes we may struggle to explain the combination of variables in a principal component.
Nonetheless, having prior domain knowledge could help. In our example with food items, prior knowledge of major food categories help us to comprehend why nutrition variables are combined the way they are to form principal components.
Orthogonal Components. One major drawback of PCA is that the principal components it generates must not overlap in space, otherwise known as orthogonal components. This means that the components are always positioned at 90 degrees to each other. However, this assumption is restrictive as informative dimensions may not necessarily be orthogonal to each other:
To resolve this, we can use an alternative technique called Independent Component Analysis (ICA).
ICA allows its components to overlap in space, thus they do not need to be orthogonal. Instead, ICA forbids its components to overlap in the information they contain, aiming to reduce mutual information shared between components. Hence, ICA's components are independent, with each component revealing unique information on the data set.
Information has thus far been represented by the degree of data spread, with dimensions along which data is more spread out being more informative. This is may not always be true, as seen from the pancake example. However, ICA is able to overcome this by taking into account other sources of information apart from data spread.
Therefore, ICA may be a backup technique to use if we suspect that components need to be derived based on information beyond data spread, or that components may not be orthogonal.
PCA is a classic technique to derive underlying variables, reducing the number of dimensions we need to consider in a dataset. In our example above, we were able to visualize the food dataset in a 2-dimensional graph, even though it originally had 4 variables. However, PCA makes several assumptions, such as relying on data spread and orthogonality to derive components. On the other hand, ICA is not subjected to these assumptions. Therefore, when in doubt, one could consider running a ICA to verify and complement results from a PCA.
Did you learn something useful today? We would be glad to inform you when we have new tutorials, so that your learning continues!
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Thanks to Aram Dovlatyan for pointing out a typo in this post.
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The Laboratory for Digital Interaction reunites some of the top lines of current motion capture techniques. It is the first laboratory in Romania dedicated to studying interaction between physical and virtual bodies and thus between the human body and the computer.
The mission of the Laboratory for Digital Interaction is to integrate under this concept the activity of all CINETic laboratories, by developing complex innovative creative projects in research and development.
Combining digital art and live performance, such as acting and dance, is currently considered cutting edge in entertainment, but it will become the common form of art in the future. The fundamental concept of the Laboratory for Digital Interaction is the digital immersive experience.
UNATC has developed an MA in New Media Design which is focused on training professionals and researchers in this field.
- generating and interacting with virtual immersive environments
- motion capture;
- interaction between physical and virtual bodies;
- interaction between human beings and computers through
- computer interfaces;
- augmented reality systems;
- video games and gamified experience.
- My Life Rehearsed in One Leg, directed by Bogdan Mustață
- Me Shakespeare, coordinated by Liviu Lucaci
- Touch-VR, documentary project, directed by Alexandru Berceanu
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
- CAVE‑CIN interactive immersive stereoscopic projection system on four screens
- Multifunctional hall (140 sqm), with a holding capacity of 90 seats
- Modula Mr. Mocco—motion control system capable of 6 axis movement as well as learning movements and replicating them
- 1 Red Dragon 5K with Leica Summicron optics
- 2 ALEXA SXT cameras
- Mid‑size Stereotec RIG
- Anamorphic lenses (a set of ARRI anamorphic fixed lenses and a set of anamorphic lenses with Angeniuex zoom lens)
- VICON motion capture system with 8 cameras and a facial motion capture system


What is the chemical resistance of Findenser?
General guidance
Findenser is resistant to the majority of solvents and splash-resistant to dilute acids and alkalis at room temperature. Extended exposure to acids or alkalis will attack the outer metal surface of the Findenser. It is important to clean off any chemical spills immediately after they occur.
Further detail
The inner body of Findenser and the cone/socket, i.e. the wetted parts that come into contact with the substance being evaporated during normal use, are borosilicate glass 3.3, which has very good chemical resistance. (See TB 101 Glass Technical Data sheet available here for further details.)
The metal finned jacket is anodised aluminium and the plug and seal are acetal and HT silicone.
Please consider the chemical compatibility of your chemicals with these materials. You can consult chemical resistance tables online.
It is not feasible for our R&D Laboratory to test Findenser with every possible chemical, so we cannot provide data.
As well as wiping off any spills, ensure there is not a significant concentration of corrosive chemical vapours in the air around the Findenser (e.g. by using the Findenser within our guidelines, so the solvent is retained in the Findenser/flask).
There is an advised cleaning protocol detailed in the FAQ entry, 'Should I clean my Findenser? If yes, how?'


text:
Creating a Webhook in your Datadog Account
1. In the Integrations section of your Datadog account, search for the Webhook integration and Install.
2. Open the Configuration tab and scroll down to enter Webhook details:
Name: Enter any name for your Webhook. This does not need to match any of the information entered when creating your data feed in the NS1 portal.
URL: Enter the Feed URL generated in the Data Sources section of the NS1 portal.
3. In the Monitors section, select New Monitor and choose the appropriate monitor type. This integration is compatible with Host, Metric, Custom check, Event and Outlier types.
4. Fill out your monitoring preferences as you normally would. The Monitor Name entered in step 3 must match the name you enter in the Datadog Monitor Name field in the NS1 portal and the monitoring message needs to include a request to notify the webhook you created (eg. Notify _USER_-NS1_Webhook).
Connecting to Datadog in the NS1 Portal
1. Navigate to the Integrations section of the NS1 portal, scroll down to the list of Supported Services and click on Datadog.
2. Click on "Create an Incoming Datafeed," which will prompt you to fill out the following fields:
- Name (for internal reference): As it implies, this name does not need to match anything entered in your Datadog account.
- Fail on "Warning": Likewise, if you have configured any warnings in Datadog, it is possible to have these alerts result in a Down marking by checking the box. If left unchecked, up/down will be left unchanged from prior state.
- Fail on "No Data": Datadog will report one of four statuses - Triggered, Recovered, Warning and No Data. Triggered status will always result in a Down marking and Recovered in Up. If box is checked, No Data status will result in a Down marking. If left unchecked, there will be no impact to up/down status.
- Datadog Monitor Name: This must be an exact match for the monitor name entered in Datadog.
3. Under the Zones section of the NS1 portal, navigate to a record that contains Answers you wish to monitor via Datadog.
4. If your Filter Chain is already configured with the Up filter, click Filter Data to make the associated metadata appear. Alternatively, you can click the gear icon next to All Answer Data to make all metadata appear.
5. Now click the plug icon in the Up metadata row for the answer you would like to connect to Datadog. We'll use the primary 22.214.171.124 answer in this example. Choose 3rd Party Integrations.
6. Your newly created Datadog alert will appear alongside any previously configured 3rd-party integrations. Click on the Datadog integration and hit Save.


DEV Community
Using AJAX in Conjunction with MongoDB
Raj Madisetti
-2 min read
Hello fellow Javascript coders,
In this article, we will be discussing how to implement AJAX calls into your full-stack web application that incorporates a MongoDB database.
First of all, AJAX is a method in jQuery that allows a program to send and receive data from a server (i.e. MongoDB) simultaneously without even refreshing the page. Thus, AJAX is very important for implementing applications with buttons or input from the user since it can be used in functions that are responsible for rendering text or data to the page.
Next, let's implement AJAX into an application. We need to require all of the relevant packages in the server.js or a differently named file that connects the mongoose database to your api and html routes. The file should look similar to this:
const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; // any port number is acceptable
// Initialize Express
const app = express();
// Use body-parser for handling form submissions
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
// Use express.static to serve the public folder as a static directory
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/[name of application database]', { useNewUrlParser: true });
// Routes
// API Routes (require from routes folder and pass in Express app)
// HTML Routes (require from routes folder and pass in Express app)
// Start the server
app.listen(PORT, function() {
console.log(App running on port ${PORT});
Now, the preliminary packages are required if they weren't already. Next in a different js file, you can create functions that accesses your mongoose routes such as GET, POST, or DELETE using AJAX. Here is an example of how to formulate a render function that gets data from a mongoose database and displays it to the page:
const render = function () {
$.ajax({ url: '/[put your route here]', method: 'GET' })
.then(function (data) {
let htmlstr = '';
data.forEach(element => {
htmlstr +=${element.content};
.catch(function (err) {
In this function, the AJAX call is using the databases GET routes and, for each data entry, it creates an html h1 element with the contents of the entry and adds it to an empty div.
Discussion (0)


How to Insert a Text Box in Google Docs to Give Your Work a Professional Look
Text boxes are a great way to highlight sections of a document to generate an organized and polished look. Pull quotes placed in boxes, for example, can help a reader note vital passages.
Although a useful tool, Google doesn't make managing boxes super simple. Here is a guide to show the ways to use this feature and learn how to insert a text box in Google Docs.
Table of Contents
 1. What Is a Text Box and Why Use It?
 2. Android and IOS
 3. For Desktop in 2021
 4. Customizing Text Boxes to Enhance Documents
 5. Is There a Text Box on Google Docs?
 6. How Do You Put a Text Box on a Picture in Google Docs?
What Is a Text Box in Google Docs and Why Use It?
Why Use It
A text box in Google Docs is a UI element that allows users to input an alterable typescript that stands out from other items in the document. These input fields can be found on social media networks like Facebook and Twitter, and basic messenger apps of all kinds.
The editable field we are discussing today is a tool that creates custom-sized input areas anywhere on the page.
So, why use a text box? There are many reasons to want editable fields in a document.
Here are a few:
 - Form an emphasized pull quote to highlight significant information or sections.
 - Denote locations on maps or information on graphs and tables.
 - Make quick word-art or advertising business materials.
 - Stylize certain words or letters using the word-art function.
Users can insert a text box through a couple of different techniques, covered below.
How to Insert Text Box in Google Docs for Android and IOS in 2020
Android and IOS
Follow these six easy tips for how to add text box in Google Docs:
 1. Tap on the add option, which looks like a plus (+) sign.
 2. From the add menu, select 'table'.
 3. Select the down arrow to the right of 'Columns' and reduce the number to 1.
 4. To the right of the 'Rows' option, find the down arrow, and reduce the number to 1.
 5. Select 'insert' to add the table to the document. The table can also be moved around as needed.
 6. This single-cell table functions identically to a text box. Users can enter and stylize the text size, color, and more by clicking inside the cell.
How to Add a TextBox in Google Docs for Desktop in 2020
Add a TextBox
Using the desktop version makes adding a text box simple, especially for new users. The desktop edition has the option to insert text boxes with two methods.
 - Table Creator
 - Drawing Editor
Here is a quick guide on how to add a textbox in Google Docs.
1. Using the 'Table' Method to Create a Text Box
The table method is a great way to create a text box. It is available for use on the desktop, as well as the android and IOS applications. Here is how to use it:
 1. Move the cursor to the location in the document where the text box needs to be placed.
 2. Select 'Insert' from the top menu, then click 'Table'.
 3. Select a 1×1 Table.
 4. Enter data into the single-celled table.
2. Using The 'Draw' Method to Create a Text Box
The 'Draw' method may be more familiar for those used to creating text boxes in Microsoft Word.
Here are seven simple tips:
 1. Choose the 'Insert' tab located on the top action bar.
 2. Select 'Drawing' from the drop-down menu to create a new item.
 3. With the drawing options open, select the text symbol. It is a square with a 'T' in the center.
 4. Click and drag the mouse to create a rectangle or square of the appropriate size.
 5. Insert text and adjust the size, style, color, and design of the box and writing, however, desired.
 6. When the shape looks right, select 'save and close.'
 7. Move the text box to the desired location, adjust it more if necessary, or double click it to reopen the 'Draw' menu.
Customizing Text Boxes to Enhance Documents
The best thing about using text boxes is customizing, and adding creativity to a doc. Once a user knows how to add a textbox in Google Docs, they have a lot of options for the personalization of this business.
Here are just a few ways people may want to customize their text in the drawing menu.
 - Change font, text size, color, alignment, and other basic elements.
 - Adjust the color of the background
 - Alter the color of the outline.
 - Modify the line weight and style that surrounds the input area.
 - Transform the size by clicking and dragging the outside corner.
 - Add an image to the background of the text box.
 - Change the shape to something more visually interesting.
 - Layer text boxes on top of one another or other document elements.
FAQ Section
Is There a Text Box on Google Docs?
Yes! Whether using the desktop or mobile app, there are simple ways to build and modify a text box in Google Docs.
Users can employ the 'table' approach on all three versions of the application, and desktop users can apply the 'Draw' option as well. Both methods can be completed with the help of this step-by-step guide.
What is an Example of a Text Box?
Example of a Text Box
One can find text boxes on things like the search bar on Google or the input field of messenger apps or social media networks like Twitter or Facebook.
Adding a text box over an image is simple thanks to the drawing editor.
 1. Select 'Insert' from the top action bar.
 2. Select 'Drawing' and 'New.'
 3. Once in the drawing editor, click the insert image button. This looks like a black square with a mountain in the center.
 4. Locate an image and upload it to the editor.
 5. With the picture now in the editor, adjust its size and details until satisfied.
 6. Click the text box option, which is a square with a capital 'T' in the center.
 7. Draw a shape by clicking and dragging with the mouse.
 8. Add text and adjust its line and color style.
 9. Adjust the size and location in relation to the image.
 10. Once happy with how it looks, click 'Save and Close.'
How Do You Move Text Boxes in Google Docs?
If a text box is in the wrong spot after it has been added to the document, there is no need to alter or insert a new text box in Google Docs.
 1. Ensure the wrapping is correct, whether that be 'in line,' or 'in front of' text.
 2. Click and drag the text box with the mouse.
So, That's All There is To a Google Docs Text Box
Sure, the system for inserting a text box on Google Docs might be a little convoluted. Many want the text box and image editing system to someday become fully incorporated. Still, the text and image editing options provide a great way to be creative.
How do you utilize these features to make your documents stand out? Let us know in the comments.
Published: October 28, 2020Updated: May 31, 2021
Matt Robinson
Matt Robinson
Matt is an experienced technical writer and translator skilled in writing targeted texts for a variety of audiences. He has a diversified background, including social media management of various products. He is a data-driven strategist and a passionate story-teller. He posts about all social innovations and delivers high-quality research and content to our readers.
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Using Smoothie in grbl_mode
(Or CNC mode)
Smoothie's main job is to interpret G-code and to convert it into movement and actions.
Programs that generate Gcode are called CAM ( computer aided manufacturing ) software.
Unfortunately, they do not all mean the same thing by the same G-codes, and there are several different G-code formats.
Smoothie supports two different G-code "dialects" :
 - The "reprap" dialect, for 3D printing (NOT NIST compliant)
 - The "grbl" dialect, for CNC milling (Generally NIST compliant)
The "grbl" dialect is the closest to the "normal" Gcode standard ( NIST ), and is adequate and useful for CNC milling.
However, when the Reprap project created it's own interpreters early in the project, their developers ignored the "normal" Gcode standard and redefined some of the Gcodes to do other things, or kept their meaning but changed the way their parameters work.
Unfortunately, this has become such a widespread standard in 3D printing that it can not be changed anymore, and we are stuck with a bad format we have to understand if we want users to be able to use Smoothie for 3D printing.
Therefore, we support both formats.
The way you choose which format Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it as, is by changing the Grbl_mode option.
If you set it to True :
grbl_mode true
Then Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it the same way GRBL or LinuxCNC does, as "normal" CNC G-code.
If however you set it to False :
grbl_mode false
Then Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it the same way Reprap-type firmwares interpret it, as "3D printing" G-code.
CNC build
Smoothie has a special "CNC" build with some special CNC features and adaptations.
This special build has Grbl_mode enabled ( set to "true" ) by default.
You can get the special CNC build pre-compiled at getting-smoothie or compile it yourself at compiling-smoothie
This page only mentions 3D printers and CNC mills. Lasers are neither.
Traditionally, Lasercutting software ( like laserweb or visicut ) have learned to talk to Smoothie in it's 3D printing mode.
However, more CNC oriented software can also be used to control lasers ( they are virtually similar to a CNC mill with a very thin tool and no Z axis ), this is the case for example of bcnc.
Typical differences between 3d mode and CNC mode are:-
1. Error messages are different
2. G28 goes to park position and is NOT home, $H homes in CNC mode
3. Many GCodes may be differently interpreted in CNC mode than in 3D mode, please check your gcode references (Linuxcnc has a good GCode reference, do not use the reprap gcode reference for CNC mode)
NOTE you cannot generally use pronterface to control CNC/grbl mode, as Pronterface is for 3D printers and uses a different dialect of gcode, it also does not allow you to send commands such as $H to home. It also tends to truncate commands like G28.2 by not sending the.2 part.


The Northern Ireland High Court in C (A Person under a Disability) v Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland [2020] NIQB 3 has awarded damages of £16,500 for a breach of article 3 in respect of a failure by the police to conduct a proper investigation into the reported rape of a twenty-year-old woman with Asperger's syndrome.
The Claimant was diagnosed with Asperger's when twelve years old and lacked capacity to bring the proceedings in her own right. She alleged that she was raped and that the police failed in a number of respects. These included:
- The police failed to seize any relevant CCTV footage and did not conduct house-to-house inquiries to seek further witnesses;
- No attempt was made to follow up the Claimant's statement that she had left personal belongings in the place where she was raped;
- No attempt was made to retrieve the Claimant's diary, which her mother told the police might contain relevant information;
- There was no follow-up of the Claimant's mother's telling the police that her daughter had received text messages asking her not to proceed with the allegation;
- The police initially failed to take any statements from the people who were with the Claimant on the night of the rape;
- The Claimant was not interviewed until six months after she had been raped;
- The police failed to submit relevant evidence for analysis for over five months;
- The investigating officers had received inadequate training with respect to the investigation of rape relating to a vulnerable adult and were not aware of Achieving Best Evidence Guidelines.
The judge recounted the detailed history of the investigation. Without repeating all of that here, his conclusions were:
- There had been delay in conducting an ABE interview, due the inability of the police to assemble an appropriately credited and experienced team to conduct it. When an issue arose as to the Claimant's wishes to continue with the complaint, an officer should have visited her to ascertain whether she wanted to proceed [61].
- The investigating officer had no specific training in the investigation of serious sexual offences, particularly those involving vulnerable victims. He had no familiarity with policy documents and document on investigating child abuse and rape. The absence of training was a systemic failing [62].
- There were operational failures of a failure to obtain statements, a delay in obtaining statements, a failure to follow up investigative leads, a delay in following up investigative leads, a failure to secure and process evidence, delay in securing and processing evidence, a failure to reassess the overall strategy when it was clear that the interview of the Claimant was going to be delayed and a failure of supervising officers to direct a change in strategy [63].
The judge considered that these encompassed both operational and systemic failings. The operational failings could not be described as minor or insignificant but were serious. They resulted in the Ombudsman recommending misconduct proceedings for two officers, who accepted that they had failed to conduct a thorough investigation. Two more senior officers received advice and guidance for their supervisory failings. The combination of all the failings represented a failure to carry out an effective investigation and undoubtedly constituted a breach of article 3 [92].
The judge further considered that although the police's failures would have caused the Claimant some upset, distress and frustration, the significant and severe psychiatric and psychological deterioration which occurred following the incident would have occurred even had the police conducted the investigation in a flawless manner. In those circumstances, the judge awarded damages of £16,500 including interest.
Follow _USER_


text:
A memory chip is designed to hold a number of transistors and heat sinks. There must be at least 1 heat sink for every 2000 transistors to prevent overheating. Also, each transistor has an area of 2.0 x 10^-10 mm^2, each heat sink has an area of 3.6 x 10^-6 mm^2, and the total area of transistors and heat sinks must be at most 2 mm^2. What is the approx. max. # of transistors that the chip can hold according to this design?
A. 2.78 x 10^2 B. 5.56 x 10^5 C. 1.0 x 10^9 D. 1.0 x 10^10
Ans=C. S.O.S, PLZ!


text:
Fill in the Missing Race Car Numbers
What is the fastest way to count cars? This worksheet will give your child practice counting by filling in the blanks of the race cars. To complete this worksheet your child will need to look at the different numbers and determine which ones are missing in the counting sequence. What number comes between 47 and 49? After completing this worksheet your child will have improved his counting skills.
Washington Virtual Academies
Tuition-free online school for Washington students.


Connecting to IRC with other clients
Our server address is and you can connect securely (SSL encryption) using port +6697. Plain text connection is available on port 6667. This guide will show you how to connect to our IRC network using various clients. Once connected, you can type /list to see what channels you can join.
There are two ways of doing this:
 - You can use a command – type /server
 - You can use mIRC Options:
 1. Click the Tools menu, click Options, and then clicker Servers (or press Alt + E to do this).
 2. Click the Add button (see a list of buttons on the right side). A new window will appear (the Add Server window).
 3. Write ScoutLink in the Description box.
 4. Write in the IRC Server box.
 5. Write +6697 in ports box.
 6. Press the Add button. You will be brought back to IRC Server list. You will also notice that a new IRC server called ScoutLink is now added to the list.
 7. Select the ScoutLink server by clicking it once. Then press the Select button on the right.
 8. You will now be in the Connect part of mIRC Options window. Just press the connect button.
Using either method will cause a lot of text to suddenly appear. Do not panic as this is a normal process of mIRC trying to establish connection with the server. Just wait until a welcome message appears.
If a new window popped up (the mIRC Favorites window), just close it by clicking the close (X) button at the top right corner of the window, or by pressing Esc button at top left corner of your keyboard.
 1. Start the HexChat application. The HexChat: Network List window will appear.
 2. Enter your nick name, user name, and real name.
 3. Click the Add button.
 4. Change the name (New Network) to ScoutLink, then click the Edit button.
 5. The HexChat: Edit ScoutLink window will appear.
 6. Click the Edit button.
 7. Change the server name (newserver) to, then click the Close button.
 8. Click connect.
As soon as you click the Connect button in HexChat: Network List window, HexChat will try to connect itself to ScoutLink and a lot of text will be displayed.
 1. Open the Connections window by going to Window -> Connections.
 2. Choose New to create a new connection.
 3. Write your desired nickname in the Nickname text box. You nickname (or nick) is the name you'll use to chat with others, and will be shown next to your messages.
 4. Type in the Chat Server box.
 5. Type 6697 in the Chat Server Port box.
 6. Tick the SSL Connection check box.
 7. Tick the Remember this connection check box.
 8. Click the Connect button.
Android App
We also have an Android app. To download it, go to


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the origin of scut in scut work?
According to Merriam-Webster,
scut work: routine and often menial labor
Probably from medical argot, scut meaning 'junior intern'
First known use: circa 1962
Usage example:
... women who generally feel that they are second-class citizens in the medical profession -- unappreciated and directed by (mostly male) doctors to perform largely scut work.
This ngram shows that scut work was not used before 1960 when it took hold as medical jargon. It supports the idea that the term was not already in general use and subsequently popularized in hospitals, rather that it originated there.
Scut work
This returns us to the medical coinage. Could it be related to meaning (2) in the OED?
1. the short tail of a hare, rabbit, or deer.
2. (inf. chiefly Irish) a person perceived as foolish, contemptible, or objectionable.
There is another theory that it is derived from Oxford University servants called scouts, but I consider this unlikely given the US origin of scut work.
share|improve this question
Der... I don't think it's likely to derive from anything other than OED:2, which seems about as transparent as any word usage can be. Possibly that definition itself came from association of rabbits with simpletons (rabbits are dumb), or with lowly peasants (who would eat more rabbit than other meat). – FumbleFingers Jul 28 '11 at 14:23
4 Answers 4
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the Wiktionary scutwork entry, one of the references, Medical meanings: a glossary of word origins, suggests either scuttle, or OE scitan (excrement) as possible origins of the scut in scutwork. I think scitan is plausible; note from the etymology of shit:
Noun use for "obnoxious person" is since at least 1508
Wiktionary also suggests for scut as "contemptible person" that the etymology may be from the obsolete sense of scout, which Etymonline explains:
"to reject with scorn," c.1600, of Scandinavian origin (cf. O.N. skuta, skute "taunt"), probably from a source related to shout.
I think you're probably right that meaning (2) of scut is more closely related to scutwork, but note that calling someone contemptible doesn't have to be unrelated to meaning (1) as in the quotations in Wiktionary, or, for example, this 1907 story:
"Don't understand me?" roared the farmer. "What have you done to my darter, you scut, sitting there preening of yersel, like a silly peacock in the sun?"
The angry man approached the bed swiftly, and, seizing Aubrey's pyjama-clad shoulder in a massive fist, thrust his hairy face within an inch of his victim's nose.
"What have you been doin' to my lass?" he roared again. "Now d'yew onderstand me?"
"W-what has she been telling you?" Aubrey was horribly frightened.
"Summat that made me sware you shouldn't leave this house till you'm man and wife all raight and praper accordin' to law."
share|improve this answer
I'm quite impressed with wiktionary's entry actually. I like the quotations. Here are two more, from Ulysses: "God speed you, scut!" and "Mean bloody scut." – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 21:15
This is not a definitive answer, because all the sources I checked say the origin is not known. But I suspect it probably comes from scuttle, because doing the dishes is the archetypal form of "scut" work, and as Etymonline shows us:
scuttle (n.) "bucket," O.E. scutel "dish, platter," from L. scutella "serving platter," dim. of scutra "flat tray, dish," perhaps related to scutum "shield" (see hide (n.1)). A common Gmc. borrowing from Latin (cf. O.N. skutill, M.Du. schotel, O.H.G. scuzzila, Ger. Schüssel). Meaning "basket for sifting grain" is attested from mid-14c.; sense of "bucket for holding coal" first recorded 1849.
share|improve this answer
I think the ngram I've posted in the question goes against this theory because scut work only really exists from 1960 onwards. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 20:32
+1 I strongly suspect it came from coal scuttle. – Brock Adams Mar 17 '13 at 10:07
"Scut work" was in use at least as early as 1950. From The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Volume 22:
... menial tasks commonly known as the "scut work."
Given the general manners of the time, it seems unlikely that this would be used too pejoratively.
James Joyce's, Finnegans Wake (1939) also refers to a character as a "scutfrank" -- which has been interpreted to mean someone who does menial tasks.
share|improve this answer
"Some common unfinished task".
share|improve this answer
Is this a definition from a dictionary? Why else did you use inverted commas? As it is, you haven't provided an answer for its origins. – Mari-Lou A Aug 23 '13 at 22:27
_USER_-LouA It looks as if the quote marks were added by the editor. The author also suggested the (alleged) origin by capitalising the initial letters of each word. While the author has provided no substantiation for this alleged origin, I think your last 2 sentences should be aimed at the editor! – TrevorD Aug 23 '13 at 23:57
protected by RegDwigнt Aug 23 '13 at 20:04
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


> ~/.cedit/cooledit.completion
 cat 'find $TEXDIR -follow -regex '.*\.tex'' | \
 sed -e's/[A-Za-z0-9]\\/&\
 \\/g' | \
 sed -e's/\\$//g' | \
 sed -e's/[^A-Za-z0-9\\]/\
 /g' | \
 sed -e's/\\\\*/\\/g' | \
 sed -e's/^[A-Za-z0-9].*$//g' \
 -e's/^\\$//g' \
 -e's/^\\[A-Za-z0-9\\]$//g' \
 | cat -s | sort -u >> ~/.cedit/cooledit.completion
 Cooledit supports the XDND drag and drop protocol versions 0 through 2.
 Cooledit used to support the Dnd, up to version 3.6.3. To copy or move
 text, highlight it with the mouse, then click somewhere in the middle
 of the text and drag. The cursor will change to indicate that you are
 dragging. The text will be copied to the window that you release the
 mouse button on. If you drag with the left button, text will be copied
 while if you drag with any other button, text will be moved. If you
 drag a file-name to an edit window from the file browser, that file
 will be inserted into the text at the position you release the mouse
 button. You can also drag from the man page and from any text box. If
 you find drag and drop to not work with other applications, then check
 that they support the same protocol.
 The Scripts menu has a list of commands that can be executed from hotkeys. You can create your own scripts by clicking on New script and
 filling in the various fields of the dialog. Several predefined examples are given in the menu. To get a feel for how this works click on
 Edit a script and select a predefined script from the list. The
 switches you see in the dialog box are self explanatory. They cause
 cooledit to perform various functions before and after the execution of
 the script and provide for seamless interfacing between cooledit and
 compilers or shell commands. The script text may also contain the %
 character to substitute for the editor's file-name, path, etc. For instance, if %f is found in the script, it will be, before execution, replaced with the file-name of the file you are currently editing. The
 complete list of substitutions is as follows:
 %d The current directory as set from the Command menu.
 %f The full file-name of the file you are currently editing, without the path.
 %n The file-name without the extension.
 %x The file-name extension only.
 %p The full path of the file-name without the trailing slash.
 %t The name of a temporary file if needed.
 %b The name of the block file.
 %c The name of the clipboard file.
 %e The name of the error message file.
 %a The string typed in by the user if they where prompted.
 %F The current font, or 8x13bold if the current font is a proportionally spaced font - use for terminal apps.
 %O The current font regardless of its size.
 %% Inserts a literal %.
 Typically commands will process the editor file, or some highlighted
 text, and then output error messages to the error file, which might be
 displayed for viewing. Studying the examples will give an explanation
 of this. Note that the options "Display script's stdout/err continuously" must not be set simultaneously with "Insert stdout/err on completion". If both are set, the former take precedence. Also, if the
 script runs in the background, none of the on completion options will
 have effect.
 If the Auto paragraph formatting option is on (Select General from the
 Options menu) then paragraphs will be reformatted as you type. The Word
 wrap line length option specifies the paragraph's maximum width. The
 key Alt-p ('Paragraph_Format' in the Define keys dialog) will force a
 paragraph to be formatted when Auto paragraph formatting is off, and
 will find a paragraph between the illegal lines defined below. A paragraph start and end are specified by two consecutive newline characters. A "non"-paragraph is one of the following (non-paragraphs are not
 formatted except with with Alt-p):
 - Paragraphs containing any line that begins with the characters:
 - Paragraphs containing any line (other than the first line) that
 begins with a space or tab character. The first line may contain
 an indent for example.
 This means that all contiguous blocks of text can be bordered by a
 blank line, and they will be nicely paragraphed. Because of the above
 rules, you can pretty much leave paragraph formatting on even when programming, since program text will break these rules every time. One
 difference though is that pressing 'Enter' in the middle of a line will
 properly break a paragraph with a double newline, unlike normal mode,
 where a only a single newline is inserted.
 One other nifty feature is the formatting of fully indented paragraphs.
 If a paragraph's lines are all identically indented (like a quote),
 then the indent will be retained, while normal formatting occurs. This
 may be a problem when you are trying to type something that must be indented, but must not be paragraphed, like a postal address. In this
 case you can make one line begin with an illegal character, or make one
 line be indented more or less than the other lines.
 See also the command-line option "--auto-paragraph", above.
 The input widget can be found in most dialogs and allows the editing of
 one line of text. By pressing Shift-Up or Shift-Down, you can see a
 history of previous entries. This is the same as pressing the input
 widget's button.
 Pressing Meta/Alt Ins in the editor will show you a history of
 cuts/copies you made to the X buffer. Pressing Space or Enter will insert the selected selection.
 The quote key Ctrl-q can be used to insert any decimal or hexidecimal
 number. Ctrl-q and then an ordinary key press interprets that key literally, eg. Ctrl-q then Ctrl-m inserts an ascii Carriage Return or 13
 decimal. This is useful to convert DOS text files to Unix and back.
 Just do a search and replace with Ctrl-q Ctrl-j Ctrl-q Ctrl-m as
 one string, and Ctrl-q Ctrl-j as the other. You can insert any
 character from 0 through 255 by exploiting the following: Ctrl-something AND's something with 011111Binary, and Alt-something OR's something with 010000000Binary, eg. Ctrl-q Ctrl-Alt-a inserts a 129.
 You can also type out a three digit decimal number after Ctrl-q to insert that number. Hexidecial numbers can be inserted by typing the two
 digit number and then pressing the h key. E.g. Ctrl-q 0 6 4 inserts an
 @ symbol decimal 64; the sequence Ctrl-q 1 4 2 or Ctrl-q 8 e h inserts
 an 8E hexidecimal.
 To cut and paste to and from the Midnight Commander's internal editor,
 you can save a block to the clip-file and then do an insert file. To
 copy text to an xterm, highlight the text with the mouse, and then
 click on the xterm with button 2 as usual. To copy from an xterm, highlight in the xterm and then press Shift-Insert in the editor.
 To define a macro, press Ctrl-R and then type out the key strokes you
 want to be executed. Press Ctrl-R again when finished. You can then as


Constitution & Bylaws
The name of the society is Canadian Hemochromatosis Society | Société canadienne de l'hémochromatose.
The purposes of the Society are:
a. To promote the awareness and knowledge of hemochromatosis, particularly on the importance of early diagnosis;
b. To provide support, information, encouragement and resources for individuals, families and organizations afflicted by hemochromatosis;
c. To develop partnerships, relations and affiliations that fit the Society's purposes
d. To encourage research on treatment advances and insights into the health economic costs and burden of disease caused by hemochromatosis
e. To liaise with relevant professionals
f. To work with individuals and organizations that complement the Society's purposes
g. To stimulate and support the formation of volunteers;
h. To generate and distribute money and property in the furtherance of the Society's purposes; and
i. To perform such acts and things as are incidental to or necessary for the advancement of the purpose of the Society.
Please click here to view the bylaws (PDF).


text:
Learning values across many orders of magnitude
Most learning algorithms are not invariant to the scale of the function that is being approximated. We propose to adaptively normalize the targets used in learning. This is useful in value-based reinforcement learning, where the magnitude of appropriate value approximations can change over time when we update the policy of behavior. Our main motivation is prior work on learning to play Atari games, where the rewards were all clipped to a predetermined range. This clipping facilitates learning across many different games with a single learning algorithm, but a clipped reward function can result in qualitatively different behavior. Using the adaptive normalization we can remove this domain-specific heuristic without diminishing overall performance.


text:
The Carnegie Mellon Advising Resource Center (CMARC) was founded under the name Carnegie Mellon Action Project (CMAP) in 1968. Its original purpose was to aid the university in recruiting African American students and provide them with subsequent academic and supportive services to assure their progress toward graduation. In the fall of 1991, Hispanic and Native American students became a part of CMAP's target population. In the spring of 2005, after evaluating Carnegie Mellon's advising needs and in adherence with new educational mandates, CMAP transitioned to the Carnegie Mellon Advising Resource Center (CMARC). It has refocused its advising efforts and broadened its audience without losing sight of the university's commitment to diversity.
The Carnegie Mellon Advising Resource Center (CMARC) is committed to supporting students in their academic and personal development. We work with students to maximize their educational experience by promoting informed and responsible decision making. As an advocate for diversity and inclusiveness, CMARC promotes social and academic networks between peers, communities, and cultures.
To build a supportive, intellectual and social community across diverse cultures and empower students to excel on their path toward academic and personal success.
Our Guiding Principles
- All ethnic minority students CAN be successful at Carnegie Mellon. We assume competency and maintain a high standard of performance.
- We recognize a great deal of diversity within this diverse group and accept each student as an individual with a different life story.
- We ascribe to intrusive holistic directive advising. This requires us to play different roles in our advising relationships.
- We assist students to understand, interpret and negotiate the expectations attached to the academic and social culture at Carnegie Mellon.
- We emphasize community engagement as a major component in retention.
- We strongly encourage and facilitate peer mentoring, group study and role modeling. This helps reduce the feelings of isolation that can result from the absence of a critical mass of ethnic minority students.
- We believe in collaborating, partnering, and working cooperatively with Carnegie Mellon departments, corporations, alumni, and parents to support student success.


The project required me to create an interactive infographic to explain learning theories and their instructional design implications.
This is the introductory page of this project. The brain and a puzzle with missing pieces were selected as the icons to represent how pieces come together in the mind.
The mouse can be thought of as receiving cheese as a reward for a specific action.
The gears in the head are meant to represent processing and functioning.
In Schema Theory knowledge is kept in memory packets, similarly the dots represent different packets.
Given that situated learning relies on a social aspect the connected people is an ideal icon.
When something is done systematically, it can typically be thought of as being done in order.
This is my reference section.
This is my original infographic created using Piktochart.
Back to Top


text:
the contents of the page and could be decoded and exposed to an unwanted source. If you must store sensitive information in view state, you can request that the page encrypt view state data. To encrypt the data, set the page's ViewStateEncryptionMode property to true.
It is recommended that you avoid storing sensitive information in the Cache object when client impersonation is enabled and the results from the data source are retrieved based on the client identity. If caching is enabled, cached data for a single user can be viewed by all users and sensitive information could be exposed to an unwanted source. Client impersonation is enabled when the impersonate attribute of the identity configuration element is set to true and anonymous identification is disabled for the application at the Web server.


text:
Traditional cork best for biodiversity conservation
In recent years, synthetic plastic bottle stoppers have been steadily replacing the traditional cork stoppers used to bottle wines, amid fears that cork extraction leads to declining biodiversity.
A new study published in the journal Biological Conservation (in press), proves exactly the opposite, demonstrating that cork extraction is in fact an economic activity that should be promoted for the benefit of biodiversity. The research is the first to look at the impact of cork extraction on biodiversity, using birds as indicators.
In the cork-making process, long strips of bark are taken from the cork oak, Quercus suber, every 9 years, starting when the tree is about 25 years old. The bark then regenerates throughout the life of the tree. Generally, cork oaks dominate areas of Mediterranean agro-forestry-pastoral systems called montados.
Montados are known to be important breeding habitat for many Mediterranean birds, including endangered species such as the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and the black stork (Ciconia nigra).
Promotional campaigns for synthetic bottle stoppers claim that demand for cork stoppers is leading to an over-stripping of trees, with negative consequences for montadosand their biodiversity.
However, exactly how debarking cork oaks influences biodiversity has never previously been carefully studied. The new study looks at how bird densities differ between areas of recently extracted cork and older cork which has had time to recover.
The results indicate that although a few species that glean prey from bark have lower densities in recently stripped areas, the majority of species were entirely unaffected by debarking. The authors of the study also highlight that despite showing slight declines immediately after debarking, bark-gleaning species still had stable populations at the landscape level, and that montados remained the most favourable habitat in that region.
The report concludes that, contrary to some claims, cork extraction is compatible with maintaining biodiversity in montados, citing it as an example of the balance that can be achieved between socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation.
Currently, around 100,000 people are employed in cork-related activities in the seven Mediterranean cork-producing countries. But, with the advent of plastic bottle stoppers, the economic viability of montados has been greatly reduced, and land is consequently being abandoned in many areas and replaced with other land uses much less valuable for birds and other biodiversity - a problem which is already affecting areas in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy.


text:
Gordin Kaplan Award Lecture. Building a...
|Title||Gordin Kaplan Award Lecture. Building a relationship: science and the community|
|Journal||Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology|
|Abstract||An appreciation for the intrinsic relationship that exists among science, scientists, and the public must be established. Both practitioners of science and the public should be made more aware that science is part of everyday life and that the definition of a scientist should be more encompassing. It is generally accepted that the public supports but often does not understand the goals of the scientific community. This is often due to lack of effective communication. The scientific community has accepted accountability to the public and attempts have been made to improve our image. Programs by groups and individuals to interact with the public, particularly school children, have grown. However, there is still a need to expand this area. It is our responsibility to find our niche in science awareness programs as speakers, mentors, or facilitators. Participation in these programs is an essential part of a professional scientist's career and should be encouraged by administration. Interaction with the public improves our ability to explain science in lay terms and the relevance of our work to the community. End points should be established to measure success: not just numbers of students entering'scientific' careers but also science literacy. Developing this strategy will not only improve the image of the scientific community with the public but also build a lasting relationship where needs and aspirations will be mutually appreciated.|
Using APA 6th Edition citation style.
Times viewed: 55


text:
Marion Stoddart: The Work of 1000
30 minutes / All ages / 2010 / United States of America / Average:
The inspirational story of environmentalist Marion Stoddart, as she eschewed her future as a suburban housewife and mobilized a community to save New Hampshire's polluted Nashua river, proving that an "ordinary" person can accomplish extraordinary things.
In the 1960s, the Nashua River in New Hampshire and central Massachusetts was one of the 10 most polluted in the country, clogged with multicolored, toxic sludge from nearby paper mills.
Around that time, housewife Marion Stoddart moved to the area with her family, so close to the river they could smell its noxious fumes. At a low point in her life, she decided to fight her own emptiness by taking on the biggest challenge she could find - cleaning up the Nashua. Her dramatic success in mobilizing the community showed people that change was possible, even though they'd lost hope.
Marion's efforts helped get the Massachusetts Clean Rivers Act passed so that companies weren't allowed to pollute rivers like the Nashua anymore. In the process, she won a United Nations award, was profiled in National Geographic, and had a widely-read children's book written about her. Her secret? An ordinary person can do extraordinary things when they refuse to give up.
Thanks to Marion, children in the Nashua River Watershed and around the world have come to understand that one person can make a difference, even when the odds seem impossible.


text:
Interpretive Summary: Ancient grains as novel dietary carbohydrate sources in canine diets
By Anne Zinn
Pets have become increasingly integrated into family life, which has led to the projection of human perceptions onto the pet food market. As a result of the popularity and novelty of ancient grains in the human market, they have become an increasingly abundant carbohydrate choice in pet food, but the research on the potential health effects of a high inclusion of the present ancient grains in pet food is limited.
A paper recently published in the Journal of Animal Science aimed to evaluate the effects of the novel carbohydrate sources on total apparent total tract digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fermentative end-product concentrations and to evaluate the effects of novel carbohydrate sources on the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy adult dogs. The research team hypothesized that the consumption of ancient grain-based diets would beneficially shift fermentative end products and fecal microbial populations and lower glycemic response with no detrimental effect on nutrient digestibility or the overall animal health.
Overall, results of the present study demonstrated that ancient grains, when utilized as the main carbohydrate source at relatively high inclusion levels, were well accepted and appropriate for adult dogs and did not indicate any detrimental effects on stool quality or macronutrient digestibility. Specifically, the dietary inclusion of amaranth and oat groats were beneficial in shifting fermentative end products indicative of a butyrogenic effect. Although oat groats did not significantly impact the postprandial glycemic or insulinemic responses in healthy dogs in this study, it can be implied from the present results that this ancient grain may benefit obese, insulin resistant, and/or diabetic dogs; this implication should be evaluated further.


text:
CSS Initial Style value
With this extension you can see the initial values for each property in your CSS, Less, Sass, SCSS files.
For more information about Initial values and how they works, follow this link: _URL_
How it works:
Changed the MDN url in the box


text:
This is a variation of a theme I've been exploring lately. I want to visualise the paths taken when sometimes opposing forces of attraction and repulsion act on point bodies. In this case, 4 points are paired up, and filled lines with a gold border are drawn between the members of the pairs. These pairs are attracted to each other and will move closer until they reach a certain threshold, whereupon the attractive force changes to repulsion. The pairs are thus constantly either drawn together, or pushed apart. In addition, hidden, non-moveable points are placed in the virtual world. These points also exert forces on the dynamic points according to the same rules of attraction and repulsion. Each dynamic point is given an initial velocity and over time, their paths are traced out. Although theoretically, given enough time it may settle into a static equilibrium, the complex interplay between the myriad of forces and the discrete time nature of computational simulations means that that time is a long way in coming if at all.
Here are some closeups of the tracks.
Interlaced has been uploaded to redbubble should you want a printout.