Take the 2-minute tour ×
Can anyone tell me why do I have attribute table text on my layers in ArcMap 10 and how I can get rid of those texts? I have no idea when the texts appeared into my workspace. I have been digitizing and copying and pasting polygons from layer to another. However, the texts seems not to be part of any layer because they stay on the screen even I chance the visibility of all my layers.
Printscreen-picture of my view
share|improve this question
Open a new mxd to where you drag your layers one by one. Then you can narrow down which layer the text is associated to, if any. You don't seem to have overly many layers, so shouldn't be too time consuming. – Martin Feb 12 '14 at 8:47
Thanks for the tip! That solved it! The text was not part of any layer (like I assumed) and didn't appear in the new mxd. – Blueridge Feb 12 '14 at 8:59
2 Answers 2
The text you see is the result of Paste operation. The most likely reason for that is that you had either created a report in ArcMap or copied rows from Attribute table by using Copy (or just Ctrl-C shortcut). This piece of data was stored in your operation system clipboard and when you were trying to copy/paste a layer in the table of contents or a feature, you have pasted what you had latest in the clipboard which were those rows.
You will likely be able to select this object by using the Select Elements tool on the Standard toolbar and then delete it.
share|improve this answer
+1 I think you've nailed the steps that would have led to the symptom seen. – PolyGeo Feb 12 '14 at 9:55
Not knowing the history of this map it is not possible to be certain, but from the description of what solved it, I would say that you were seeing Graphic Text that was created in your map at some point in time.
There is an Online Hep Page entitled Essential annotation and graphic text concepts that may be worth reviewing if you want to know more about Graphic Text (and Annotation).
If they are Graphic Text then they should be selectable for deletion (with the Delete key) by using Edit | Select All Elements.
share|improve this answer
Thank you all! The texts were indeed Graphic Text. I pasted some texts again for testing and I was able to delete the texts by Edit | Select All Elements (and Delete key). Much easier than dragging all layers to new mxd! – Blueridge Feb 13 '14 at 13:46
Your Answer


Types of Agriculture in Japan 日本の農業の種類
1.What are the different types of agriculture in Japan?
What kind of work do you think of agriculture? You may have a strong image of just growing rice and vegetables. In reality, there is a wide range of work included under the term agriculture.
In the "Japan Standard Industrial Classification (revised in October 2013)" established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, agriculture is classified into five categories: "Establishments engaged in administrative or ancillary economic activities," "Crop farming," "Livestock farming," "Agricultural services, except gardening services," and "Gardening services.
However, in general, it is often divided into three types: "crop farming,", "livestock farming," and "agriculture-related business."
This article will look at the specific contents of these three types of agriculture.
2.What is "Crop Farming"?
Crop farming is the cultivation of rice, other grains, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and other plants, etc. The work environment varies greatly depending on the scale of farm and type of crop.
The work of large-scale farms often involves the use of agricultural machinery. Smaller farms or those in environments where agricultural machinery is not available may work mainly by hand.
Furthermore, in open-field or greenhouse cultivation, workers have to work with exposure to the outside temperature, which would be hard in the hot summer months. On the other hand, in a plant factory, workers may work in an environment where the temperature and humidity are artificially controlled.
3.What is "Livestock farming"?
Livestock farming refers to raising, fattening, and incubating livestock and poultry, such as cattle, pigs, chickens, horses, sheep, and ducks. Typical examples are dairy farming, beef cattle production, and poultry farming.
Dairy farming is the production of milk. It may also involve selling cheese and ice cream, which are processed products of milk, or operating as a tourist farm.
Beef cattle production is the job of raising cattle for beef. Recently, the development and production of regional branded beef has become a hot topic. There are two types of farms: breeding farms, where mothers raise calves for a certain period of time, and fattening farms, where calves are bought at a market and are raised to a large size, although some farmers carry out both processes in an integrated manner.
Poultry farming is into two categories: egg production and meat production. Poultry farming in Japan is becoming increasingly modern and large-scale, and, commonly, a single farmer often manages tens of thousands of chickens.
4.What is "Agriculture-related business"?
Agribusiness is a general term for a wide range of industries related to agriculture. It is sometimes referred to as agribusiness, a term coined by combining the words agriculture and business.
Agribusiness mainly involves working to support people engaged in crop farming and livestock farming and connecting producers with consumers.
For example, one of agribusinesses activities is developing a distribution system to sell both agricultural products and processed products directly to consumers. In addition, there has been much attention in recent years on the use of robots, ICT, and other technologies in agriculture to save labor and improve quality control for producers.
As mentioned above, there is a wide range of work related to agriculture in Japan.


text:
When subscribing to a product, the core problem to solve is that of granting the subscriber permission to use nodes created by the product publisher. For good reason, Metrici does not allow a user from one account to permit a user from another account to access their nodes, other than as an anonymous user. A special approach is therefore required for a publisher to make their product available to a subscriber.
Product publication utilitises a special feature in the permissions in which anyone can grant permissions to their account authority, i.e. the user who created their account (or, precisely, the user who is the owner of their account node), and the account authority can in turn grant those permissions on to other users that they have created. Specifically, the publisher grants the node-grant-use permission to the account authority, which permits the account authority to grant read and link type permissions (node-read, node-read-member, node-read-all-members, node-use-type, node-link, node-use-draft, package-read, package-read-all-members, package-link, package-use-draft, node-grant-use), but not update, package use or administration permissions.
Identifying what permissions are required and granting them to the account authority is complicated, and is looked after by instances of Product, which are generated by instances of Product Builder. The salient parts of this are:
- The publisher lists packages that contain the nodes that make up the product in the Package List member type.
- From this, the derivation script in Interpret Product Descriptor creates a manifest in Offer Manifest Items that describes the permissions that the subscribers to the product need.
- From this, the derivation script in Grant Publish creates a standard permission manifest in Manifest Items that describes the permissions that the account authority needs in order to grant permissions to the subscriber, and then gives the account authority permission to use the manifest and also to access the product node. This means that the account authority now has authority to grant permissions on the product nodes.
- Product installation is carried out by executing a method on the subscriber's account. This creates a subscription node with is an instance of Subscription.
- The subscription node links back to the product using the Product member type, and uses the Derive Subscription Manifest derivation to create a standard Manifest Items manifest from the Offer Manifest Items from the product.
- The account authority grants node-use-manifest on the subscription node to the subscriber's primary user group and node-grant-use-manifest to the subscriber. This means that any of the primary users in the subscriber's account can use the product, and that the subscriber can grant permissions to other user groups also. (Question - why not let all of the primary users grant use of the manifest?)
The permissions are all granted using manifests, and the manifests are all created using derivation. The permissions that the subscriber has can therefore be updated by the publisher, for example when a new version of the product is released.
The approach above dictates the core structure of product packaging, subscription and installation. It involves instances of the following:
- Product Builder which is used to describe the product.
- Product which is generated from the product builder, and which is used as the basis for installation.
- Subscription which is created by the account authority and is used to grant permission on the product to the subscriber.
As well as their core role in managing permissions, these types are used to manage other aspects of product packaging, subscription and installation. They are examined in more detail in the following sections.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume 10. Number 2. June 2019 Pp.323-341
Linguistic Hegemony of English Language in the Medical Context of King Abdullah
Hanan Sarhan Alsubaiai
Department of English
Faculty of Arts, King Khalid University
Bisha, Saudi Arabia
This study aims to investigate how the dominance of the English language at Bisha King Abdullah Hospital in Saudi Arabia affects service delivery. Specifically, the research focuses on the attitudes of patients and staff towards communicating in English instead of Arabic, which is the primary official language in Saudi Arabia. First, the study addresses the question of how the dominance of English language in the selected medical context affects service delivery. Second, the study explores the attitude of patients and medical staff towards the dominance of the English language. Third, the study presents a comparison of the attitude of patients and medical staff towards the use of English language. Finally, the study responds to the question of how patients' level of education influences their attitude towards the use of English at the hospital. The study is based on quantitative research, involving 60 participants, where 30 patients and 30 medical staff. The findings reveal that 86.7% of medical staff members find it challenging to communicate with their patients in English. On the same note, 60% of patients interviewed admitted that they find it difficult understanding medical practitioners when they communicate in English. The findings can have significant practical implications since they show a possible communication barrier that can be addressed to improve patient experience at Bisha King Abdullah Hospital. The findings provide statistical evidence to inform evidence-based strategies to improve communication between patients and medical practitioners at the hospital.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Definition
Keywords: Communication barrier, language discordance, linguistic hegemony, medical context, patient's satisfaction
Cite as: Alsubaiai, H. S. (2019) Linguistic Hegemony of English Language in the Medical Context of King Abdullah Hospital. Arab World English Journal, 10 (2). 323-341.


Sign up ×
1) First of all, I have to construct the semi direct product "from H to Q", it is written has $H \lambda Q$ in my notes. I have $H = C_{17}, Q = C_2$.
So I did $Aut(C_{17}) = C_{16}$ and then you can see that 2 divides 16 and so you want to work out how many elements of order 2 there are in $C_{16}$. Doing $\varphi{16} = 2$ and so I have just 2 elements of order 2 in $C_{16}$ and so there are just 2 semi direct products. How do I know what these semi-direct products are? Am I right in assuming that one is the trivial semi direct product, i.e the direct product?
2) Another question, I have to say how many semi direct products there are from H to Q (same notation as before. I have
$H = C_{42}, Q = C_{3}$
So I then get $Aut(H) = C_6 \times C_2$. So from here, I can see that 3 doesn't divide 2 but divides 6 so I just look at that. I want the number of elements of order 3 in $C_6$. I get there are 3 elements of order 3. Assuming $C_6 = \{a,..., a^6\}$ then the elements of order 3 are $a^2, a^4$ and $a^6$. So from here I get there are three semi direct products for this question. My question is this though, lets assume I had something like $Aut(H) = C_6 \times C_3$, then how would I work this question out? As 3 divides 3 from the other $C_3$ so I can't just ignore it like in the question I had to do. What would I do here? I'm assuming I would have to work out the number of semi direct products in this, and then how would I combine the two?
EDIT: Oh hang on, I need to be able to work out the number of elements in a given order to be able to answer my second question don't I? Dang. Still can't do that :(
share|cite|improve this question
Is $\,\phi 16=2\,$ meant to be "the Euler function of 16 is two"? Because it is completely wrong: a cyclic group of finite order $\,n\,$ has exactly one (cyclic, of course) subgroup of any order $\,d\,$ dividing $\,n\,$, and thus a cyclic group of even order has one unique subgroup of order two and thus one unique element of order two...od you meant something else? – DonAntonio Jan 6 '13 at 21:56
Perhaps he means that there are two elements satisfying $x^2=1$, which do indeed give rise to the two semidirect products, one of which is a direct product? – Derek Holt Jan 6 '13 at 22:00
_USER_ Yeah it was, but I've kind of rushed it when I was typing and mixed everything up in my head, sorry. What I wrote on my paper was this: 2 divides 16 and so we want number of elements of order 2 in $C_{16}$. I.e $ord(a^k) = 2 = \frac{16}{(k, 16)}$. Re arranging this gives us $(k, 16) = 8$ and so we get two elements of order 2 in this semi direct product. The elements or order two that I get (just to show you I understand what I've done) are, if $C_{16} = \{a, a^2,..., a^{16} \}$, then the two elemnts are $a^8$ and $a^{16}$. I think thats correct. – Kaish Jan 6 '13 at 22:03
No _USER_, it still isn't correct: $\,a^8\,$ is the only element of order two, whereas $\,a^{16}=1\,$ has order 1. Of course, and as Derek commented, you seem to be interested in elements which fulfil $\,x^2=1\,$. – DonAntonio Jan 6 '13 at 22:08
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You seem to be seeking semidirect products $\,C_{17}\rtimes C_2\,$, for which we must know the possible homomorphisms $\,C_2\to\operatorname{Aut}(C_{17})\cong C_{16}\,$. Since $\,C_{16}\,$ has one single element of order $\,2\,$ there is one unique non-trivial homomorphism as above, which gives the non-abelian group of order $\,34\,$, determined by the action $\,c\cdot a=:a^c=a^{-1}\,\,,\,\,C_2=\langle c\rangle\,\,,\,\,C_{17}=\langle a\rangle \,$. Thus, we can say that
$$C_{17}\rtimes C_2=\left\{(c^i,a^j)\in C_{17}\times C_2\;\;;\;\;0\leq i\leq 16\,\,,\,0\leq j\leq 1\right\}$$
under the operation
The other homomorphism is the trivial one, which gives us the direct product $\,C_{17}\times C_2\cong C_{34}=$the cyclic group of order $\,34\,$
As for your second question: $\,\operatorname{Aut}(C_{42})\cong C_2\times C_6,\,$ so how many homomorphisms $\,C_3\to C_2\times C_6\,$ can you find?...
share|cite|improve this answer
How do you get this non abelian group? Where does the $a^c = a6{-1}$ comes from? Also, how do you know under what operation this comes? For your question, like I said, there would be 3 semi direct products. $C_6$ has two elements of order 3, $a^2, a^4$ and one element of order 1, $a^6$. The element of order 1 gives the direct product. The other two semi direct products would be commuting ones as they have the same order. I don't know what they would be though. I don't know the method to show this. – Kaish Jan 6 '13 at 22:30
That was supposed to say, where does the $a^c = a^{-1}$ come from – Kaish Jan 6 '13 at 22:36
It is known that any non-trivial homom. as described in the answer gives a non-abelian semidirect product, but you can prove it directly...An even-order automorphism group of a cyclic group has only one automorphism of order two: the involution (or inversion) automorphism, taking any element to its inverse...I don't understand your question "how do you know under what operation this comes"...The continuation is fine, but the two non-trivial semidirect products are isomorphic, so you get only one (up to isomorphism) non-abelian group in this way, AND the abelian one from the trivial hom. – DonAntonio Jan 6 '13 at 22:39
That operation question was just, you wrote you get that semi direct product (SDP) under that operation. What does that basically mean? So with the other bit, there are two semi direct products, but one of them is non abelian, the other one is and the trivial homomorphism? Sorry, that bit didn't make much sense to me. Also, are they isomorphic as they both have the same order? – Kaish Jan 6 '13 at 22:46
_USER_, I can't make a complete exposition about semidirect products here. There are excellent books that deal with it, look it up. Just for a taste: $$(c^i,a^j)(c^k,a^r):=(c^{i+(-1)^jk},a^{j+r})$$ since the action is inversion: $$(c^k)^{a^j}=c^{(-1)^jk}$$ as $\,(c^j)^a=c^{-j}\,\,,\,(c^j)^{a^2=1}=c^j\,$ – DonAntonio Jan 6 '13 at 22:54
About your first question, you want to construct $$G=N\rtimes H$$ wherein $N=\Bbb Z_{17}=\langle n\rangle, H=\Bbb Z_{2}=\langle h\rangle$. You started correctly because we need some homomorphisms which can construct the proper relations for $G$'s. So you took $$\phi:H\to Aut(N)$$ You noted that correctly that $|Aut(N)|=16$ but we should be careful that any generators of $N$ would be mapped to


Valves for abrasive materials
What's the Best Slide Gate or Diverter Valve for Handling Coal, Frac Sand, and Fly Ash?
Many of our customers come from industries where conveying abrasive material is a recurring challenge. Configuring the right slide gates and diverter valves for those customers is a challenge in its own right. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the key factors that influence the decision of which slide gate or diverter valve works best for handling these abrasive materials.
Different Level of Material Hardness Cause Different Levels of Wear
Abrasion occurs where the metal components of a valve are worn down through friction as the material handled impacts those components. Prior to considering what type of gate or diverter is required, special consideration has to be given to the characteristics of the material and how it is being conveyed.
Minerals are categorized into a Mohs hardness scale. The scale characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals by how a harder material can scratch a softer material. Softer materials like talc have a hardness rating of 1, while harder materials like diamonds have a hardness rating of 10. When selecting metal valve components, it's best to select the proper construction materials that match the hardness of the material handled.
Material Shape Has an Impact on the Effects of Abrasion
The shape of the material being handled is another important consideration. Sand can have a Mohs hardness rating of 7. Sand exists in a variety of shapes. Some sand particles can be round while others can be angular. An angular particle will abrade valve components much faster than a rounded one.
How the material is handled is yet another consideration. For example, is the material being gravity fed through the valve or is the material being conveyed pneumatically through a conveying system at 3,000 feet per minute? Talc, one of the softest minerals, can eventually chisel its way through a substantial metal plate if given a small exit hole and considerable force behind it.
Hard Metal Wear Liners can Alleviate Component Breakdown
Utilizing hard metals or metal alloys for the wear areas is always a consideration. Valves may be manufactured incorporating abrasion resistant plates, chromium carbide overlays, or metals like Hastelloy® to reduce wear from abrasion. Diverters may be manufactured with replaceable wear liners that are constructed of the above-mentioned materials.
Replaceable Abrasion Resistant LinersOver time, worn liners may be replaced with new ones to extend the life cycle costs to the valves. In some instances, an added feature as simple as an interior rock box might be added to address abrasion and prolong valve life. A rock box is an area within the valve that is designed to trap a small amount of the material handled. Subsequent material traveling through the valve impacts on the trapped material as opposed to abrading a liner or plate. When cross contamination of the material is not an issue, this feature is extremely effective.
Manufacturing Experience with Abrasives is Critical
Companies that deal with abrasive products are cognizant of the fact that new equipment begins to wear out starting day one. Equipment installed in these environments needs to be continually maintained. Sourcing valves from an established supplier with the ability to provide support after the installation can help lift the burden of dealing with challenging applications. Their expertise can address the many factors experienced in a particular application and assure the purchase of the best slide gate or diverter valve for handling abrasive materials.


Sign up ×
I've been hearing the phrase "whose job it is to" quite often lately. Consider these two sentences:
 1. We have a guy whose job is to clean windows.
 2. We have a guy whose job it is to clean windows.
I would prefer the first one because of the less redundancy, though both sentences seem to be grammatically correct (are they?). What do you think about the grammar of these sentences? Is there any (subtle) difference in meaning (accentuation)?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
"..whose job is to..." indicates that you're talking about a primary purpose of the person's job, whereas "...whose job it is to..." doesn't necessarily mean it's the primary purpose of their job (though it can be) but just that performing that particular task is that person's responsibility.
For example, in the case of the window-washers, if their full-time job is window washing, it's quite fine to say "A person whose job is to clean windows."
But, let's say you have a secretary at a company who, when clients come in for a meeting, is the person who is supposed to bring in coffee. You generally wouldn't say that "we have a woman whose job is to bring coffee to client meetings," because it makes it sound like she's a full-time coffee-bringer.
However, you could say that "we have a woman whose job it is to bring coffee to client meetings," because when that task has to be done, she's the one whose responsibility it is.
share|improve this answer
The version with it is the one most style guides will probably recommend. The other version is also acceptable, but it is probably considered less formal and less traditional by most. You will probably hear that one more often in casual speech.
To analyse the sentence, it helps if we transform the relative clause into a main clause and see how it works with and without it:
 1. (?) His job is to clean windows.
 2. It is his job to clean windows.
 3.? To clean windows is his job.
In the first sentence, his job is subject, because it comes before the verb. That works all right. It simply describes what his job entails, what he's probably doing every day. But for some reason I'd prefer the gerund here; the infinitive may be more acceptable in a longer sentence of this type; I'm not sure why:
1.a. His job is cleaning windows.
1.b. His job is to clean the windows of the Tower next Sunday, before the Queen arrives.
It may have something to do with balance inversion; to clean is only put after the verb here because of the long phrase that must come directly after it: otherwise, this phrase would go somewhere in the middle of the sentence, which would make it much harder to read.
Sentence 2 looks most idiomatic. I think the phrase "it is his job" is a fixed expression with a slightly different connotation: it is his duty to clean windows. You could say it puts focus on it is his job, presents it as the new and salient information—this as opposed to sentence 1, in which focus is on to clean windows.
The reason why this indicates different focus is that, in 2, to clean windows is subject, which is expressed by the place-holder subject it that points forward to to clean windows. In a regular sentence, the subject is topic (non-focus, known information) and the predicate has focus, so that fits nicely. In sentence 1, the predicate was is to clean windows, and indeed that is what the focus was on.
In sentence 3, to clean windows is subject; it is of the same type as sentence 2, except that the deferred subject is filled in at the place of the place-holder subject it. But then we are troubled by an entirely different problem: English usually doesn't like it when an infinitive with to is used as the (direct) subject. In this case, it doesn't look too good; that is exactly why place-holder subjects are used at all. We could use the gerund instead to get an acceptable sentence:
3.a. Cleaning windows is his job.
This would be just as fine as sentence 2, with similar focus on is his job.
Now let's return to the relative clause:
We have a guy whose job is to clean windows.
This would be of type 1 above, if you consider word order. It may be acceptable, but it doesn't sound as good as type 2 in formal language, at least not to me. This is probably for the same reason as concerning sentence 1 above.
We have a guy whose job it is to clean windows.
This is of type 2, and it sounds better. That is probably because it is his job is a fixed expression and focus is in the right place. It may not be entirely evident that what applies to a main clause carries over to a relative clause, but I think it is a fairly reasonable hypothesis.
share|improve this answer
They're both grammatically correct. They're also almost identical in meaning.
There's room for suspicion that someone whose job is to clean windows has no other job, but someone whose job it is to clean the windows might have other jobs too when not discussing cleaning windows. But that's extremely tenuous; I'd not want to make an argument based on that fine a distinction.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Legal Law
Dismiss my lawsuits: prime 7 methods to finish the nightmare
Reject criminal charges:
Top 7 ways to end the nightmare
It is possible to discharge your criminal complaint.
If you have been arrested, you want to know how your defense lawyer can dismiss your indictment.
Of course you understand that you are innocent until proven guilty.
But dismissing your criminal complaint would put a quick end to your nightmare.
Do you want to read?
Watch our video
What are your options
You have two options if you cannot dismiss your complaint.
Option 1: find guilty
Option 2: try it out
You will be offered a plea in every criminal case OR you can take your criminal case to court.
If you accept a plea deal, you have to admit that you committed a crime.
If you go to court, you incur enormous costs and your fate lies with a jury.
The basics
Of course, you know that you are innocent until proven guilty.
But the criminal process is long and you may have many sleepless nights until your case ends.
First, it is important to have a clear understanding of the criminal charges brought against you.
Are you facing crime or misdemeanor?
What are the punishments and consequences of your indictment?
Are you going to have immigration consequences?
Or is your career at risk?
Next, find the criminal lawyer that's right for you.
During your meeting, your defense lawyer should patiently listen to your side of the story.
Next, he will explain your allegations and understand the long road ahead.
dropped charges against dismissed charges
Before we get to the good things, let's answer this question:
"What is the difference between dismissing and submitting lawsuits?"
Filed and dismissed fees lead to the same result.
"Indictment dropped" means that the prosecutor has stopped pursuing the indictment.
In other words, you never have to go to court.
For example, this happens when a detective discovers that an important witness lied about what he saw.
Or if DNA evidence shows that it is impossible for you to have committed the crime.
"To reject your lawsuit" means that your lawyer has found a violation of the constitution.
For example, the police conducted an illegal search.
Keep going.
Let's discuss the top seven ways you can dismiss your complaint.
7 ways to dismiss criminal charges
1. Lack of a probable reason for the arrest
2. Errors in the criminal complaint or in the indictment documents
3. Illegal stopping and searching
4. Grand Jury dismissals
5. Insufficient evidence
6. Procedural issues
7. Lack of resources
1. no probable reason for arrest
In New Jersey and across the country, the police need a "probable reason" to arrest you.
This is a fundamental right that protects citizens from tyranny.
In other words, a police officer cannot arrest you because he has an "idea" that you are doing no good.
He must provide an acceptable explanation for his arrest.
The official's reasonable belief must include objective, factual evidence and circumstances.
For example, if a police officer receives a notice that a drug dealer is wearing a pink bow tie, the police officer may have a reason to stop a person who complies with this description.
But if the officer sees you and you don't wear a pink bow tie, he can't just arrest you.
They do not match the description.
We are submitting an application to the court showing that there is no probable reason.
If the court agrees, your criminal complaints will be dismissed.
2. Contesting the complaint
Police officers must sign criminal charges under oath.
If the lawsuit against you contains serious errors, we will file a motion to dismiss you.
For example, let's say you are 5 feet 9 inches tall, weigh 150 pounds, and have blonde hair.
And the official's complaint states that you are 6 feet 6 inches tall, weigh 300 pounds, and have purple hair.
Well, you get the picture.
3. Illegal search
The fourth amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from illegal stops, searches, and confiscations.
This is the law of the country.
Law enforcement can only stop you in certain circumstances.
As mentioned earlier, the police need a "probable reason" or "reasonable belief" that you may have committed a crime.
In addition, the police can only search you, your car, or your home if they have a search warrant.
However, there are exceptions to the warranty obligation.
For example, the police can search your bags after your arrest.
This happens when the officer believes that you are carrying a weapon.
If the police conduct a search without a warrant or special circumstances, the evidence will be suppressed.
As a result, your criminal charges will be dismissed.
4. because the grand jury said so
After your arrest, the public prosecutor's office must present the case to a large jury.
The grand jury adds another level of constitutional protection.
You listen to witnesses and look at the evidence.
If they find there is enough evidence to determine a probable cause, your case continues.
However, if the grand jury finds no probable reason, your criminal charges will be dismissed.
5. insufficient evidence
Remember, your arrest is the starting point of your criminal proceedings.
Crime cases last for months and sometimes years.
A lot happens while your case is pending.
The prosecutor can drop your criminal complaint after discovering new evidence through their investigation.
One reason can simply be a lack of evidence.
The other reason may be that the evidence against you is weak.
Another possibility is that newly discovered evidence will relieve you.
This means that the evidence shows that it was not you who committed the crime.
It is important to highlight the role of your defense lawyer here.
You see, while the prosecutor's office is investigating, your lawyer is doing his.
Aggressive and committed defenders work tirelessly to protect you.
You are working hard to find evidence to show that you are innocent of the accused crime.
This evidence is then made available to the prosecutor.
As a result, your criminal charges will be dismissed.
6. Procedural issues
The police and public prosecutors must follow strict criminal procedures.
During your arrest, booking, and questioning, you must follow the law.
If the police violate your constitutional rights, these violations will result in your criminal charges being dismissed.
A common example is a Miranda injury.
If you have made an incriminating statement without receiving a proper Miranda warning, your statement will be suppressed.
This alone does not guarantee that your criminal charges will be dismissed.
But it always helps to get rid of incriminating statements.
Procedural issues are difficult. So make sure you have a good lawyer!
7. Lack of resources
Let's be honest; Prosecutors are busy people.
You have tons of cases. As a result, they are often forced to focus on their most serious cases.
Your criminal charges can be dismissed or dropped just because the prosecutor has bigger fish to roast.
The truth is that it is not common to dismiss serious criminal charges.
You are more likely to be released if you are accused of a minor crime and have no criminal record.
Bonus tip
If they can't be fired, try lowering your fees
You may be surprised at the possibility of reducing a fee.
If the evidence against you is weak, your lawyer can fight for a reduced charge.
It is a win-win situation for everyone involved.
The case is solved and your nightmare is over.
A crime can be downgraded to a crime.
In this case, prison is no longer an option. You can pay a fine and get an error in your file.
But you will be relieved that the case is over.
Of course, our priority is to reject your lawsuits, but a reduced charge can also be a home run!
In return for a guilty confession to a reduced charge, a prosecutor can offer a "consent form". This happens when a prosecutor agrees to dismiss the original criminal complaint. You must agree to plead guilty to a less stringent charge instead.
Final thoughts
We have outlined 7 ways you can fight to dismiss your complaint.
Each case is different and the method you choose is determined by the facts of your case.
Remember that it is very important to choose the right lawyer for you.
The rejection of criminal complaints is associated with many legal challenges.
In many ways, you only have one opportunity to reject your case.
Make sure you don't waste it.
We offer free advice and are happy to help you.
Here's a great article to help you get answers: Plea bargain: what are they? And why are they used?
If you need help with your criminal proceedings, please feel free to contact us.
The Post Dismiss My Lawsuits: Top 7 Ways To End The Nightmare first appeared on Peyrouton Law.
Jeff Pridemore


Exploring Bucklescript's Interop with JavaScript (in Reason)
Disclaimer: this is a blog post version of the talk I gave at the ReasonML Munich Meetup.
If you want to watch the talk, it's on Youtube:
If you're just looking for the slides, you can find them here.
Interoperability between Reason (or Bucklescript, really) and JavaScript is very important. There's over 600 thousand packages on NPM and if you're writing Reason and targeting JavaScript as output, there's a good chance you need to use a few JavaScript packages. Integrating with the JavaScript ecosystem in general is very important and a big selling point of Reason/Bucklescript.
Let's take a look at the simplest way to integrate some JavaScript code in a Reason program:
let add = [%raw {|
 function(a, b) {
 console.log("hello from raw JavaScript!");
 return a + b
Js.log(add(2, 5)); /* 7 */
Looks simple, right? You can just take raw JavaScript code and insert it in the middle of your Reason code using the raw Bucklescript attributes. This might look terrible and useless in real life but it's actually surprisingly handy. You can read about an actual use case in this section of the Bucklescript documentation.
Of course, because Bucklescript cannot guess the type of add in the above snippet, we have no type safety. We could, for instance, try to do add + 8 and because this is JavaScript, it would result in something weird at run time (not even an exception).
Now, you can do a little bit better by annotating your raw JavaScript code like this:
let add: ((int, int) => int) = [%raw {|
 function(a, b) {
 console.log("hello from raw JavaScript!");
 return a + b
Js.log(add(5, 6));
Of course, we can do even better. We can use various Bucklescript attributes to design and declare a proper Foreign Function Interface (FFI). Let's take a look at a very basic example:
external sqrt : float => float = "Math.sqrt";
let four = sqrt(16.0); /* => 4 */
(If you come from an OCaml background, this API and syntax be familiar to you. This is because it is very similar to the API that OCaml uses for its C Programming Language FFI.)
In this snippet, we declare a binding for the JavaScript Math.sqrt function. We use the external keyword to declare it, and annotate its type as float => float. Finally, we indicate what it maps out to in JavaScript as the value of the external: "Math.sqrt".
Then, we can simply use the newly declared sqrt function as any other fully type-safe function in Reason.
Now, notice that we used the [_USER_.val] attributes to indicate to the Bucklescript compiler that we are declaring a binding for a value. There's a lot of other attributes that the compiler provides for the interop system. You can read about all of them in the Bucklescript documentation, but for the purposes of this blog post, I'll indicate here a few examples:
Operator Use
[_USER_.new] new Instance()
[_USER_.val] variables/functions
[_USER_.send] obj.method()
[_USER_.obj] creating JavaScript objects
[_USER_.splice] functions with an unknown number of homogenous args
Example #1 (Luxon)
Let's now take a look at a real example of creating bindings for an existing JavaScript library. I chose Luxon for the purposes of this research. It's a date/time/duration handling library written in JavaScript (by the same team that wrote the very popular moment.js library). It has a chainable, immutable API and there were also no Bucklescript bindings available for it yet.
This is a Luxon example straight from their README:
const { DateTime } = require("luxon");
 .minus({ weeks: 1 })
We're now going to create bindings for all of those types and functions so that we can then recreate that very same example but using Reason.
The first function that we have to bind is the local() constructor. It takes no arguments[1] and returns a DateTime object representing the current time. To create a binding for it, we can start with this:
type dt;
external local : () => dt => "local";
We declare an abstract type dt (short for DateTime) and add an external declaration for local as a function that takes no arguments (unit in OCaml) and returns a value of the DateTime Object type. Its JavaScript mapping is simply "local", but we could omit it as simply "" since the name of our external declaration is the same as the JavaScript mapping.
Next, we need to add the proper Bucklescript attributes to this declaration:
type dt;
[_USER_.module "luxon"] [_USER_.scope "DateTime"] [_USER_.val]
external local : unit => dt = "";
let myDate = local();
We need [_USER_.val] because we're binding a value and [bs.scope "DateTime"] together with [_USER_.module "luxon"] because the local function lives inside a global object in the luxon module. After adding these attributes, we can use the local() function like any other reason function and when we call it, we get something like this when we print out the value of myDate:
DateTime {
 ts: 2018-02-03T12:28:27.564+01:00,
 zone: Europe/Berlin,
 locale: und }
Let's take a look at what the generated Bucklescript JavaScript code looks like for the previous snippet:
'use strict';
var Luxon = require("luxon");
var myDate = Luxon.DateTime.local();
exports.myDate = myDate;
/* myDate Not a pure module */
As you can see, Bucklescript doesn't generate a function for the local() function (although you can make it do that if you want). It simply replaces every call of local in Reason to the equivalent JavaScript mapping that we defined in our FFI's declaration.
The next function that we need to create a binding for is setZone. This is a method that is applied on a DateTime object type and takes as argument a string. We can declare the binding for it like this:
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external setZone : string => dt = "";
Notice that we use the [_USER_.send.pipe] Bucklescript attribute. It is similar to [_USER_.send] in that it is also used for declaring methods. However, the pipe attribute places the main argument in the last position of the function declaration. This is a more OCaml-y way of doing this because it allows us to use the |> ("pipe" or reverse function application operator) to chain method calls, like this:
let myDate =
 |> setZone("America/New_York");
Note that the type of setZone is actually (string, dt) => dt. If you are confused about the |> operator, it is well explained here. Additionally, you can also look at its definition using rtop to see what it does:
Reason # (|>);
- : ('a, ('a) => 'b) => 'b =
Clever, right? Now, we need to create a binding for the minus function. As you might recall, in JavaScript it was used this way:
dateTimeObject.minus({ weeks: 1 })
We can look at the documentation for this function to understand what arguments it can take.
Interestingly, its only argument can be of three different types. There's two ways of creating bindings for this type of functions Bucklescript. The first one is to declare 3 different functions, all with different parameters:
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external minusMs : int => dt = "minus";
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external minus : duration => dt = "minus";
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external minusObj : durationObj => dt = "minus";
Note that all of the functions need to have different names because there is no parameter overloading in OCaml. However, they all map to the same JavaScript function and return the same type.
The second option here is to use polymorphic variant types to have a variadic type argument function:
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt] external minus :
 ([_USER_.unwrap] [
 | 'Duration(duration)
 | 'DurationObj(durationObj)
 | 'Int(int)
 ]) => dt = "";
However, for the purposes of the talk (and this accompanying blog post), I decided to stick with the first, simpler, option. We'll only implement minusObj for the purposes of simplicity. Here's one way to do it:
type durationObj = {.
 "weeks": int,
 "months": int,
external makeDurObj : (
 ~weeks: int=?,
 ~months: int=?,
) => durationObj = "";
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external minusObj : durationObj => dt = "minus";
This looks a bit ugly… We need to declare a Bucklescript Object type that matches the options argument type. Then we use the [_USER_.obj] attribute to create a function that converts a set of labelled arguments into a matching object. Finally, we declare the minusObj function (once again a method applied on dt types).
We can then call it like this:
let myDate =
 |> setZone("America/New_York")
 |> minusObj(makeDurObj(~weeks=1, ()));
There's 2 important things to note here:
 1. We could hide the makeDurObj function call using shadowing using [this technique].
 2. If we were writing this library from scratch in Reason/OCaml


text:
Skeif Rolling Papers
Skeif Rolling Papers from Cafe420 is a King Size rolling paper produced exclusively for South Africa.
Skeif Rolling Papers is categorised as an unbleached hemp cigarette rolling paper. Unbleached rolling paper is 100% eco friendly and is made using hemp paper pulp. Skeif Rolling Papers is produced with an all natural gum line, harvested from the African Acacia tree right here in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Skeif Rolling Papers is focused on using paper that minimizes the use of chemicals in the production process. White rolling papers usually have a chemical aspect because of the presence of chlorine or calcium carbonate, which help slow down the burn. For this reason Skeif Rolling Papers are naturally brown and organic.
- 110×44 mm
- 1x booklet
- 32x pages per booklet


How to Assemble Office Chair in 6 Steps
Last Updated on by Artem
Fortunately, there is no rocket science involved, however, if you still need some pointers on how to assemble office chair, you are in the right place.
In this short guide I go over everything you need in order to put it together as fast as possible. So if you got yourself a chair from our list, let's get right to its assembly!
Office Chair Assembly in 6 Steps
For the sake of this guide we are going to use assembly instructions for an office chair sold by Posturion.
Here is what you get in the box once you open it up.
The cool part is that everything you need for assembly is included with the chair itself.
Now we are ready to piece everything together! You will find all the steps right below but here is a video if you prefer that.
Step 1: Insert The Legs Into The Base
Turn the chair's base (14) upside down, and then insert the legs (6), one by one, into the base. You don't need to put much pressure to do that.
Next, screw ten bolts (13) into the pre-drilled holes with the wrench (15) to attach the base and the legs. Again, make sure the bolts are screwed in tightly but don't apply too much effort.
Step 2: Install The Casters and The Gas Lift
This is easy. Press the casters (7) into the holes at the end of each base leg one by one.
Then insert the gas lift (5) to the base. Follow the instructions and make sure the gas lift is positioned vertically on the base of the chair.
Step 3: Assemble The Armrests
Amrests are essential for maintaining a good sitting posture. Time to attach them to the chair!
Now you need to turn the Seat (2) upside down and align three holes on one of the Armrests (3) with the pre-drilled holes under the Seat.
Attach the Armrest to the Seat with three Bolts (10) using the Wrench (15). Repeat on the other side of armrest.
Move one to the next step once you get this done.
Step 4: Attach The Mechanism
Time to add the office chair height mechanism to the base of your office chair.
Align the mechanism (4) over the pre-drilled holes underneath the Seat (2), make sure the front of the mechanism is facing the front of the Seat. Attach the office chair mechanism to the Seat with four Bolts (8), and tighten all bolts with the Wrench (15).
*Follow the instructions and be extra cautious as mis-threading the bolts will damage the chair!
Step 5: Add The Headrest
Time to give this office chair a headrest!
To do it, turn the Back (1) upright and attach the seat while aligning three holes of the Mechanism (4). Attach three Bolts (9) with the Wrench.
Step 6: Put Office Chair Parts Together
Finally! It's time to assemble the chair by putting the base together with the upper part.
Here are the instructions.
Align the hole at bottom of the seat with the Gas Lift, put the body of the chair on the Gas Lift. Fix the Headrest (11) on top of the chair by attaching two Bolts (12).
Can't assemble your office chair? Here are 2 of the most common reasons for the assembly process to go wrong.
Reason 1: You Got Lost
Office furniture instructions, at times, look almost like rocket launcher drawings. They can be confusing and…that's all right.
If you feel like you got lost, here is what you need to do.
First, take a short break. Seriously, let it go for 5-10 minutes! Your brain will be ready for the challenge after taking a breather.
Second, start over. Yes, starting all over again seems like a time-consuming process but…it's a standard operating procedure that you need to go through in order to accomplish the office chair assembly business you are pursuing so vigorously. This step will also help you to make sure you have done everything right and followed the instructions. It will also help you to catch any mistakes you might have done accidentally (e.g. using a bolt for the wrong part).
The majority of issues tend to resolve themselves after you look at the instructions with fresh eye.
Now, what if you are still unable to put the chair together?
Reason 2: Missing Parts
Infrequently manufacturers ship chair boxes with certain parts missing. This is why it's important you check that the package includes everything you need to put the chair together. You should compare everything you see in the box to the list printed inside the manual that comes with the chair.
Here is the one from the chair sold by Posturion.
In case you discover that parts are missing, feel free to reach out to the vendor for them to send the bits you need. Usually there is no problem with that.


[New England
 Complex Systems Institute]
International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2006)
Precursors of a phase transition in a simple model system
Vivian Halpern
Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
 Full text: PDF
 Last modified: August 8, 2006
Most theoretical and numerical studies of phase transitions are concerned with the statistical mechanics and critical phenomena such as correlation lengths and critical slowing down as the temperature T is lowered towards the critical temperature Tc of the phase transition. However, an understanding of the microscopic properties of the system which are precursors of the phase transition as T approaches Tc is also of interest. Our studies show that the ferromagnetic 3-spin Potts models is a simple system in which these properties can readily be studied, and we have shown that changes in the environments of the states with time and temperature are responsible for its relaxation properties. Our new calculations indicate a change in the dominant relaxation mechanism as T approaches Tc, but not a dramatic change in them at Tc. On the other hand, we found that the tendency of the spins at most sites to return to their original values after having changed (which corresponds to the disapperance of long range diffusion of molecules in liquids as they freeze) does increase dramatically at Tc, so that the increase in this tendency as the temperature is lowered is a more reliable precursor of the phase transition. The relevance of these results to the behavior of other complex systems will be discussed.
Conference Home | Conference Topics | Application to Attend
Submit Abstract/Paper | Accommodation and Travel | Information for Participants


text:
Eighteen ways to raise your kids Jewish
By Rabbi Fabian Werbin
- Your kids need a Hebrew name. The way we name them is through the Brit Milah for the boys and Simchat Bat for the ladies. During these ceremonies the kids receive their Jewish name.
- Teach the kids one new Hebrew word every week.
- Bring the kids to the Synagogue; make them feel that the Synagogue is their home.
- Teach them Hebrew. Hebrew is the common language of the Jewish people.
- Read with them the stories of the Tanach (Bible). The kids will love to know the stories of Noah, Abraham, Moses, Sampson, King David, Elias the Prophet and more.
- Celebrate with them all the Jewish holidays. Ask them to prepare a picture for the upcoming festival and show it to the family during the celebration.
- Talk to them about Israel. Israel is the center of the Jewish life. Begin saving money now to send them to visit Israel.
- Ask your rabbi to visit you at home, and get together with the rabbi. Your rabbi will be glad to tell your kids stories about Judaism. The kids will be very proud and impressed seeing their rabbi at their homes.
- Send the kids to a Jewish camp. It is amazing how the kids reinforce their Jewish identity when they attend Jewish summer camps.
- Visit the sick. This is a very nice mitzvah and the kids appreciate when you do that. If you teach them that visiting the sick is highly valued in Judaism, they will come with you to fulfill this commandment.
- Cook Jewish food with them. Every holiday has its own recipe. Cook with your kids, have fun and talk about kashrus with them.
- Give Jewish gifts to your kids. A Menorah for Hanukkah, a dreidl, a new kippa, a nice costume for Purim, a chain with a Magen David.
- Take them to Jewish Museums. It is incredible how the kids strengthen their identity after visiting Museums like the Holocaust Museum or the Jewish Museum.
- Paint a t-shirt using Jewish symbols with your kids. Your kids will be proud to use the shirts, especially since they made them with their parents!
- Show them old Jewish movies like "Yentl", "Fiddler on the Roof", "A Stranger Among Us", etc. Remember the first talking picture was "The Jazz Singer", the story of a Jewish Cantor.
- Bring the kids to the Synagogue and show them the Torah scrolls. They will love the experience and will learn that Torah is for everybody, not only for adults.
- Every night before they go to sleep, bless them and teach them to say Sh'ma Israel
- On Fridays nights encourage the ladies to light the candles and the boys to say Kiddush.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Here in a study is made on the motion response of a ship moored in a rectangular harbour excited by long waves within the framework of linear potential theory. The ship is assumed slender and moored in the harbour with constant depth and straight coastline. The matched asymptotic expansion technique is applied. To employ it, the fluid domain is divided into the ocean and the harbour regions. The latter is further subdivided into a field near the ship and the rest. Numerical results show that the ship motion is significantly amplified, when the harbour is resonated by incident waves. At resonant frequencies, the heave added mass becomes negative and the wave damping changes abruptly. The mode and magnitude of ship motion depend strongly on the incident wave frequency and on the position of ships inside the harbour. Experiments. are performed for a moored ship model in a shallow basin for wave periods ranging from 2 to 3 seconds. Wave responses and ship motions are measured and compared with computations. It is found that the theory developed in this paper predicts them qualitatively well.
1. Introduction
As the sea transportation is being ever intensified in recent years, ships often have to wait in a harbour for a long time until they are allowed to load or offload at piers due to the limited cargo-handling capacity. It is well known that harbour oscillations can be excited by long waves such as swell and tsunami. The harbour response has long been investigated in the area of coastal engineering and there are ample sources of literature, for example, see Miles & Munk(1961) and Lee(1972). Ships moored in a harbour also are excited and they undergo motions of six-degrees of freedom.
This content is only available via PDF.


text:
Letters Section Editor: Stephen J. Lurie,
MD, PhD, Senior Editor.
To the Editor: We have 2 concerns about the
study by Dr Rosenheck and colleagues.1 First,
the average dosages of olanzapine (14.1 mg/d) and haloperidol (13.6 mg/d)
do not reflect similar levels of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy
in each treatment group: about 75% for olanzapine and about 90% for haloperidol.2 Although the dosages that the authors used are
common in practice, they do not reflect optimal dosing for haloperidol. Given
the relationship between dopaminergic neurotransmission and extrapyramidal
symptoms and aspects of cognitive and motor functioning,3 differences
in dopamine D2 receptor occupancy could partially explain the small
advantages found in favor of olanzapine.
de Haan L, van Beveren N. Olanzapine vs Haloperidol for Treatment of Schizophrenia. JAMA. 2004;291(9):1064. doi:10.1001/jama.291.9.1065-c


text:
Section 7 - people from an ethnic minority
People from an ethnic minority are defined as those from an ethnic group other than 'white British'. They are treated as a particular group for the JSNA because it is important to ensure that the experiences and opportunities that affect people's health and well-being are not dependent on their ethnic background.
The key points from the 2011 JSNA relating to people from an ethnic minority in Herefordshire are as follows:
- Herefordshire has a relatively small, but growing, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) population: only 6% of residents were from a ethnic group other than 'white British' in 2009, but this is nearly one and a half times as many as in 2001 (compared to a growth of just 3% in the total population). By far the largest minority group (4,300) is 'white other than British or Irish'; which will include some of the county's estimated 800-900 Gypsies, Roma and Travellers as well as migrants who have settled in the county from Eastern Europe. See the ethnicity topic page for more details.
- Increasing numbers of births (200 in 2009) are to mothers born outside the UK, mainly in Poland and other Eastern European countries.
- Herefordshire continues to host several thousand temporary seasonal workers every spring and summer, mainly young men from Bulgaria, Romanian and Poland. Most are accommodated on the farms where they work, and many return year after year.
- Although the educational achievement of Herefordshire pupils is good overall, there are still significant attainment gaps between pupils from different ethnic groups, notably Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) children.
- A potential need for additional authorised pitches for Gypsies, Roma and Travellers in Herefordshire during the next ten years will require continued working with local communities.
Other relevant findings are:
- A survey of the health needs of over 200 seasonal migrant workers in 2008, mainly young adult males from Poland, Bulgarian and Romania, found that the vast majority (89%) felt they were in good or very good health. Only 5% said they had a disability, long-term illness or health problem which limited their daily activities or the work they could do - although 28% said they had back pain. 20% felt they faced barriers to healthcare - see the full report for more details.
- A similar survey of the health needs of just under 50 Gypsies, Roma and Travellers in Herefordshire found that a third felt their health was bad or very bad, which is much higher than for the general population. Just under half said they had a disability, long-term illness or health problem which limited their daily activities or work. Just over a third felt they faced barriers to healthcare. See the full report for more details.
Last updated: 21 September 2011


text:
||Fatigue resistance to experimental contraction in human craniofacial muscle groups
Aim: Hyperactivity or abnormal contractions of craniofacial muscles, e.g. bruxism, aretraditionally linked to pain and unpleasantness in the active muscles. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of different standardized craniofacial musclecontractions on perceived muscle symptoms. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthyvolunteers (seven men, mean ± SEM, 25.7 ± 1.4 years and nine women, 24.9 ± 2.3years) performed six 5-minutes bouts of 20% maximal voluntary experimentalcontraction task of jaw-closing (Jaw), orbicularis-oris (O-oris), and orbicularis-oculi(O-oculi) muscles. Participants rated their perceived pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, andstress levels before, during, and after the contraction tasks on 0-10 Numeric RatingScales (NRS). Each muscle contraction task (= one session) was separated by at leastone week and the order of performed sessions was randomised in each participant. Datawere analysed using repeated measurements ANOVAs. Results: All muscle contractiontasks evoked significant increases in NRS scores of pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, andstress (P <.034). Jaw contractions were associated with higher NRS scores compared toO-oris and O-oculi contractions (P <.005) without differences between O-oris andO-oculi (P >.063). All craniofacial muscle symptoms had disappeared within a day (P>.469). Conclusion: The results showed that submaximal static contractions ofdifferent craniofacial muscle groups could evoke mild to moderate levels of transientsymptoms. Further studies are warranted to better understand the contribution ofspecific craniofacial muscle groups for the characteristic presentation ofmusculoskeletal pain conditions in the head.
Hokkaido University（北海道大学）. 博士(歯学)


Travelling Delivery Person
Frederic Edward Xavier runs a very successful delivery company called FredEX. He's been looking at driving records lately, and is not happy with the costs of delivery.
He has made the following estimations:
 - Driving from one intersection to the neighboring one costs $B$ dollars
 - Going straight through an intersection costs $S$ dollars
 - Turning right in an intersection costs $R$ dollars
 - Turning left in an intersection costs $L$ dollars
 - Delivering a package is free, but you still pay the cost for the turn/going straight in that intersection.
FredEX operates in a city where the streets make up an infinite grid of square blocks, with intersections numbered from $(-\infty,-\infty )$ to $(\infty,\infty )$. Lower numbers on the $x$ axis are to the left, and lower numbers on the $y$ axis are down. The truck starts at the intersection $(0, 0)$ but you may choose which direction it should face. There are $N$ packages that must be delivered in a specific order. The truck cannot go in reverse, and cannot perform U-turns to go back the way it came. Help Frederic find out the cheapest way to deliver all $N$ packages.
The first line of the input is a line with five space-separated integers $B$, $S$, $R$, $L$ and $N$.
Then follow $N$ lines, each with two space-separated integers $X_ i$ and $Y_ i$, the $x$ and $y$ coordinates of the intersection for delivering package number $i$. The packages are listed in the order they must be delivered.
Output the minimum cost of delivering all packages.
 - $1 \leq S, R, L, B \leq 100$
 - $1 \leq N \leq 30\, 000$
 - $-5 \leq X_ i, Y_ i \leq 5$
Sample Input 1 Sample Output 1
1 1 1 10 2
2 2
1 2


TSI Incorporated Introduces Innovative Solution for Real-time Viable Particle Detection
TSI introduces the BioTrak™ Real-Time Viable Particle Counter for monitoring pharmaceutical cleanroom facilities. This unique product detects airborne viable particles utilizing TSI's patented fluorescence detection technology, based on TSI's 20 years experience of biological threat detection instrumentation. By minimizing false positives, the BioTrak Particle Counter delivers more confidence in instant detection and identification of viable particles to Quality Assurance Professionals.
In addition, the BioTrak Particle Counter measures traditional airborne particle counts, at 1.0 CFM, fully compliant to ISO-21501-4. The instrument simultaneously displays and data logs viable and non-viable airborne particle counts. The BioTrak Particle Counter provides end users with meaningful data to detect unwanted events and support root cause investigations.
TSI's President, Tom Kennedy, stated, "We're excited to announce the launch of the BioTrak Particle Counter, which incorporates TSI's patented fluorescence technology, to the underserved market for accurate, real-time viable particle detection in life science cleanrooms."
For more information, visit: _URL_
Need Help Finding a Product?
 1. 1 Where are you trying to make a measurement?
 2. 2 What is your application?
 3. 3 What are you trying to measure?
If you are seeing this, then the pnlEUCookieScripts is working


text:
Research Motivating Problem:
Transient disturbance may cause safety critical situations. Two problems for passenger vehicles are studied:
- Aerodynamic disturbance while overtaking a large vehicle.
- Disturbances from a 1st impact, affecting the post impact motion and the risk for secondary events.
Driving simulator is used as the primary tool in this project.
- How does the driver react to, and how safety critical is, the aerodynamic disturbance while overtaking a large vehicle cause safety?
- How does the driver react to a 1st impact, and how much does an automatic motion control reduce the risk for secondary events?
- 1 VehDyn PostDoc (+2 PostDocs, at Fluid Dynamics and Human Factors)
- Vehicle models for aerodynamic disturbances and violent post‐impact motion


text:
Manx Crosses by David Wilson
Manx Crosses: A Handbook of Stone Sculpture 500 – 1040 in the Isle of Man
The carved stone crosses of the Isle of Man of the late fifth to mid-eleventh century are of national and international importance. They provide the most coherent source for the early history of Christianity in the Island, and for the arrival and conversion of Scandinavian settlers in the last century of the Viking Age – a century which produced some the earliest recognisable images of the heroes and gods of the North; earlier, indeed, than those found in Scandinavia. This, the first general survey of the material fro more than a century, provides a new view of the political and religious connections of the Isle of Man in a period of great turmoil in the Irish Sea region. The book also include an up-to-date annotated inventory of the monuments.


text:
Moving to UCaaS Provides More than Improved Communications
As retailers replace their legacy PBXs with cloud-based UCaaS solutions, they not only upgrade their communication capabilities but also gain an opportunity to reimagine the entire store associate experience. Voice communication between employees, customers, vendors, and corporate personnel is at the center of great customer service. UCaaS solutions provide an opportunity to improve these conversations and evaluate your current communication technologies, workflows, and tools in a new light. Rather than simply replacing one phone system with another, ask, "How can I leverage this technology and supporting technologies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity, which leads to improved customer satisfaction?"
Taking this view may surprise you about how many disparate communication technologies you support. Retail store technologies often include:
- Land Line Phones (PBX)
- Wireless handsets
- Overhead paging system
- Push-to-Talk IP solutions
- Cellular Phones
- Private Video LANs to support internal training and meetings
- Mobile Computers
While each of these technologies addresses a specific communication need, each is an island unable to communicate with another. These disparate technologies require that store personnel utilize multiple devices to accomplish specific functions, and when these functions overlap, the device dance begins.
Let's look at one example:
A store manager is preparing next weeks' work schedule, and the phone rings, and she answers. The customer on the other end is looking for a specific item and wants to make sure it is in stock before he visits the store. At this point, the manager has a couple of options:
- Put the customer on hold, look up the item in the inventory system, and hope the information is accurate.
- Put the customer on hold, pick up a walkie-talkie and send out a broadcast message to the staff requesting that someone physically confirm that the item is in stock. Wait for a response; this may take several attempts. Once they have an answer they must take the customer off hold, and inform them that it is in stock
- Put the customer on hold, physically check the shelf herself, remove it from the shelf, return to the office, inform the customer that the item is in stock, and she will have it waiting for him at the customer service desk.
Common to each course of action is that the customer was put on hold, and multiple tools (phone, PC, walkie-talkie) were involved in each transaction. Now imagine each associate has one tool that enables them to communicate outside and inside the store while also providing instant access to product information. The previous example could have gone like this:
The store manager answers the phone, a customer asks a question. Rather than putting the customer on hold, he is transferred directly to the department lead, that confirms the item is in stock, but also explains what additional items he will need to have it installed and puts the items on hold to ensure that they are available when the customer arrives. The customer is never put on hold, the workflow is streamlined, and the customer need is exceeded.
As a communication endpoint device manufacturer, Spectralink has over 30 years of experience empowering mobile and frontline workers by providing them with voice and data communication devices. The Versity 95 and the Versity 92, our Android-based
enterprise smartphones, provide world-class voice and data communication capabilities. It is the one device that offers external and internal voice calling, messaging, data collection and mobile application support all in a lightweight, durable form factor. With Versity as your UCaaS endpoint, you can:
- Receive and place phone calls from anywhere in the store
- Voice calling between store associates
- Barcode scanning
- Full mobile application support
- 24/7 access to information
- Man-down alerting
- Emergency notification and alerting
Contract Spectralink today to learn more about how mobile technology can help your Retail enterprise maximizing operational efficiencies and help to improve employee satisfaction and safety on the job.


text:
There are those learners that need to physically see the words and find them represented in meaningful ways to help them understand the song best. This learning style depends on concrete representation of words activities to help them connect with the songs.
Affiliate links are used in this post.
Concrete Representation of Words
Activities for Singing Time
1. Action words
Come up with simple actions to represent keywords throughout the song. Meaningful and strong actions that form a sort of "dance" as you sing through the song can create a really powerful link to the words that will make them easier to remember!
This is one of my very favorite singing time activities that I do almost without thinking about it anymore as I "lead" the song with actions.
2. Eraser Pass
Offer a series of options for the keywords in the song. Then, the children can come up to either erase or cross out words that aren't correct as the rest of the Primary sings through the song.
3. Concentration Match Game
Put letters, numbers, colors, or words up on the board. Children will pick a number and that card will be removed, showing one piece of the picture.
The group will try to guess what the picture is below. See our Baptism Concentration Game activity to see some easy ways to add challenges to this game and even more interaction with the puzzle!
4. Choose the Missing Word
Use symbols to represent missing words and make it a logic puzzle and word problem in one! This fun and simple swap on filling in the blanks you'll see below adds an interesting twist and a fun excuse to add some hand actions or rhythm patterns while you're at it!
See how we pulled it all together in this Missing Words lesson plan for Choose the Right Way.
This oh-so-simple idea is actually a ton of fun! It's a great challenge for the older kids to have them pay close attention to the words as they'll need to fill-in the missing blank words!
Plus, it's easy to adapt for younger children by adding pictures for the blanks, like we did in this fun Pick a Picture activity for Tell me the Stories of Jesus!
6. Foreign Language
Get creative with words by adding in a whole new language! Learning a different language can actually help make meaningful connections with the original words.
They'll form connections that link the words meanings and their small differences in definitions that add new insights to the words! American Sign Language is always a favorite, but other languages can be fun, too! Here's a few to try:
- American Sign Language
7. Puzzle Letter/Words
Create a puzzle out of the individual letters or words! This works perfectly as a small group activity or you could make one up for each child if you have a small group.
I created a simple word puzzle game for I Know My Father Lives that we'll be doing this year!
8. Scrambled Words
Scrambling up words up on the board is a great way to review a variety of songs! Simply scramble up the song title or even the a key phrase from the song for a harder challenge.
Number the songs or write them in a different color and then have the children pick a number/color and try to tell you the correct title or phrase! Then, sing through the song together. Here's some examples:
- Sejus em lveso sethgemaen (song phrase from Gethsemane)
- I nokw ym Fthare iLevs (I Know My Father Lives – Song title)
- was the Christ when earth on (first line from The Holy Ghost)
9. Unscramble word strips
Cut up those basic black and white flip charts to create an engaging puzzle game! In small groups, the children can try to put the lyrics in order. This is harder than it sounds and will create some strong singers out of the group as you repeat the song over and over while they unscramble.
Extend the activity with a fun popcorn singing affect like we did with the If the Savior Stood Beside Me Unscramble activity.
10. "Hangman" Blanks
Pick out one keyword at a time. Write a small line for each letter of the word up on the board creating your blanks. Have the kids guess letters until they can guess the word.
Add the next keyword until they have enough words to be able to guess the song! This is the perfect no-prep backup idea every Primary Music Leader needs in their back pocket!!
11. Word Search
Make a custom word searching using the keywords from the songs you're learning! They kids will love searching for the keywords while you learn and sing through the song.
Plus, it will lend to easily adding in some movement and skip singing through the song, see what I mean in the Search, Ponder and Pray Word Search activity!
12. Crossword Puzzle
Bring it all back to another classic word game with a crossword puzzle! This will be a fun way to talk about the keywords in the song while having an interactive game, and maybe even a little competition!
Then, have the kids sing only the keywords from the crossword in the song, skipping all the other filler words. This type of activity is also perfect for in the home or church classroom setting!
More Learning Style Activities
This is the second to last post in our 8-post series on teaching by learning styles! The next post will be our final one and will share ideas on using Spiritual Connections in your Singing Time activities!
You can also head back to the previous post on Visual Intrigue Activities!
You can see all our posts that use Representation of Words Activities under this category landing page.
Grab the free printable Song Planner Worksheet to make planning engaging activities a cinch — here!
What other concrete word activities do you use in Singing Time?


text:
Everything area health teachers need to know about AIDS to instruct their sixthto 12th-grade students is contained in a new guide written and distributed by the Lehigh Valley Task Force on AIDS.
The 34-page booklet begins with a definition and history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It details the cause, method of diagnosis and means of transmission, and discusses treatment and area support services as well as social, ethical and legal issues involved.
Primarily a technical manual, the booklet is not sexually explicit.
For example, the booklet advises "caution to avoid the exchange of body fluids," such as blood and semen, but does not describe sexual acts that can transmit the disease.
Nor does the guide pass judgment on the groups at high risk for contracting AIDS. It names the high-risk groups and offers that, "By understanding how the disease is transmitted and who is at greatest risk, the public can take the proper precautions to prevent infection."
Task force members mailed the booklets to all 146 public and parochial schools in Lehigh, Northampton, Berks, Carbon and Schuylkill counties Dec. 12.
But although the guide fulfills a recent recommendation by U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop to begin AIDS sex education as early as possible in elementary grades, the local task force has no guarantee it will be used.
"We hope it will be used," task force vice chairwoman Kathy Alpaugh said Friday during a press conference at Bethlehem City Hall. "Education is the first line of defense against AIDS and the only way to get a handle on the spread of the infectious agent.
"Our basic goal is not to present moral values, but to present the facts about AIDS and how it is spread so an individual can make his own choice," Alpaugh said. "We hope that through the use of this booklet, the myths and any fears, sensationalism and perhaps the spread of the disease itself can be lessened."
She said schools requested the guide when surveyed last spring, but the task force cannot force them to develop policy or curriculum from it.
Mark S. Walker, chairman of the task force, said follow-up letters would be sent to the schools next week to find out how they plan to use the booklets.
If more detailed information is requested, he said, the task force is ready with speakers and additional written materials.
At least one Lehigh County school official in charge of district-wide AIDS education had yet to see the document, however.
Lillian Kerns, director of pupil personnel services for the Allentown School District, was awaiting a copy, adding the publication sounded like a useful tool for the city schools.
In Allentown, AIDS education is taught during ninth-grade health classes but could be expanded to other levels, she said.
The school district adopted an AIDS policy for employees as well as students in April. Kerns added the schools also have assembled teachers, administrators and students for several lectures by medical professionals, including infectious disease specialist Dr. Luther Rhodes, medical residents from Allentown Hospital and officials of the Allentown Health Bureau.
Schools were targeted as the top priority for community education by a task force committee last May. Members with backgrounds in medicine, education and counseling began writing the booklet in June and finished the publication in November, when it was printed. Costs were covered by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health.
Authors are Nancy Adams, chaplain at St. Luke's Hospital; Alpaugh, scientific director at Miller Memorial Blood Center; Dr. David G. Beckwith, clinical microbiologist at St. Luke's; Bethlehem Health Director Glen Cooper; JoAnn M. Frey, health service director for the Lehigh County Chapter of the American Red Cross.
Also, Barbara Stader, associate director of the Allentown Health Bureau; Cheryl Stoker, psychologist; Ed Verba, AIDS service center; William Vogler, addictions counselor for the Northeast Ministry; and Joseph Yelo, administrative director of Miller Memorial.
Alpaugh, who edited the work with Beckwith, anticipated the booklet would be updated annually because of continuing research and new data about AIDS.
The Lehigh Valley Task Force, formed in April 1985, was the first created in eastern Pennsylvania to address the problems associated with AIDS, according to Alpaugh. A Philadelphia task force was created six months later, she said.
Members include the Allentown and Bethlehem health bureaus, local Red Cross chapters, Lehigh Valley AIDS Service Center, Miller Memorial Blood Center, the Northeast Ministry, pastoral care and infection control departments of all seven Lehigh Valley hospitals.
Besides its community education committee, the all-volunteer association has committees working on professional education; technology and epidemiology; social, legal and ethical issues; and service to patients and family. Further educational programs and materials are planned for business and industry as well as drug and alcohol counseling centers, Walker said.


text:
The Execute Command (QCMDEXC) program is an ibm as400 API that runs a single command.The command runs as if it was not in a program. Therefore, variables cannot be used on the command because values cannot be returned by the as400 command to CL variables. Additionally, commands that can only be used in CL procedures or programs cannot be run by the QCMDEXC program. The format of the call to the QCMDEXC program is the following:
CALL PGM(QCMDEXC) PARM(command command-length)
Enter the command you want to run as a character string on the first parameter. You must specify the command library.
CALL PGM(QCMDEXC ) PARM('QSYS/CRTLIB LIB(TEST)' 22)
Remember that you must enclose the as400 command in single quotation marks if it contains blanks. The maximum length of the character string is 6000 characters; never count the delimiters (the single quotation marks ) as part of the string. The length that is specified as the second value on the PARM parameter is the length of the character string that is passed as the command. Length must be a packed decimal value of length 15 with 5 decimal positions
Example of Using QCMDEXC in an RPGLE Procedure
d Quote C Const(X'7D') d StdCmd S 200A d StdLen S 15P 5 D Execute PR ExtPgm('QCMDEXC') D CmdStr Like(StdCmd) D Options(*VarSize) D Const D CmdStrLen Like(StdLen) Const D* IGCPrcCtl 3 Options( *NoPass ) D* Const *-------------------------------------------------- d var1 S Like(StdCmd) d var2 S Like(stdLen) d Inz(%size(var1)) c eval var1 = c 'CPYTOSTMF' +'' + c 'FROMMBR(' + Quote + c '/QSYS.LIB/LIBNAME.LIB' + c '/QRPGLESRC.FILE/RPG1.MBR' + c Quote + ')'+ c 'TOSTMF(' + Quote + c '/home/test.txt' + c Quote + ')'+ c 'STMFOPT(*REPLACE)' c callp Execute(var1:var2) c eval *inlr = *on
Another example of using QCMDEXC to execute CL commands
* d CmdLength s 15 5 d CmdString s 256 * * Procedure calls * d Command pr EXTPGM('QCMDEXC') d CmdString 256 d CmdLength 15 5 * c eval *inlr = *on //========================================= // *inzsr - One time run subroutine. //========================================= /free begsr *inzsr; cmdstring = 'dlyjob 10'; cmdlength = %len(%trim(cmdstring)); command(cmdstring : cmdlength); endsr; /end-free
* Procedure calls * d RUNCOMMAND PR extpgm('RUNCOMMAND') d CmdString 30 d RUNCOMMAND PI d CmdString 30 * d Command pr EXTPGM('QCMDEXC') d CmdString 30 d CmdLength 15 5 * * Definitions * d CmdLength s 15 5 * c eval *inlr = *on //========================================= // *inzsr - One time run subroutine. //========================================= /free begsr *inzsr; cmdlength = %len(%trim(cmdstring)); command(cmdstring : cmdlength); endsr; /end-free
QCMDEXC could also be called from CL, for instance to run a command dynamically when certain parameters that would be required are not know at run time. In this case calling QCMDEXC from a CL program would be an option. See the QCMDEXC snippet below
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE('CHGLIBL LIBL(' *CAT &LIBL + *TCAT ')') CALL PGM(QCMDEXC) PARM(&CMD &LEN)
Managed as400 hosting
More examples of Using QCMDEXC in an as400 RPGLE Procedure to follow.


text:
A hotter than usual summer and lack of rain have caused water levels at hydroelectric dams in most of the country to drop to a third of their capacity. The levels are similar to those registered in 2001, when rationing was imposed and blackouts occurred.
The government has said Brazil will not resort to energy rationing because the country has thermal power plants that can be activated.
"The situation is worrisome because water levels at the reservoirs remain very low," Claudio Sales, president of the energy analysis group Instituto Ascende, said Tuesday. "All we can do now is to wait for more rain."
Hydroelectric plants account for about 80 percent of the electricity generated in Brazil.
Mines and Energy Minister Edison Lobao has repeatedly guaranteed that Brazil has sufficient energy supplies amid growing fears that power shortages could frustrate the government's 2013 GDP growth estimates of 4 percent.
"Brazil's electricity system is based on several sources of energy," Lobao said in a signed article published Sunday by the Folha d S. Paulo newspaper. "Low water levels at the reservoirs are compensated by thermal plants fueled by natural gas, diesel and biomass energy, and an expanding wind energy sector."
Reservoirs in southern Brazil dropped to 35 percent of their capacity while those in the nation's north dipped as low as 18 percent.
Rains that started falling last week increased levels at reservoirs by 1 percent, according to the Electric Energy System Operator that oversees the power generation, transmission and distribution.
Brazil has an installed power generating capacity 121,000 megawatts, a figure the government says it will double over the next 10 years.


text:
Date: Around 1999
We have a hybrid poppular tree that branched after about 4
ft making 2 large branches. In the center there is a hole which seeps
water constantly. This has been going on about 3 years, You can see air
bubbles about every 15 seconds. We were told that the tree would heal
itself. So far its still leaking. We tried packing it with a plastic bag
and the seeping continues. Our concern is that it may become rotten at
the base and fall over on the house. Do you have any idea where the
water is coming from. We are in the country and have well water. Thanks
The roots and xylem (vessels) of trees transport the water from the soil up
to the branches.
Anthony R. Brach, Ph.D.
Click here to return to the Botany Archives
Update: June 2012


W3 : character data is not allowed here html validation error
Error: Line 144, Column 6: character data is not allowed here
This is the most common error message that once may receive while trying to validate their HTML page. The reasons that may cause this error,
 1. There might be some character's in your code that is not allowed.
 2. You might have some text in your html body that is not a part of any of the tags like div,span, p or any other.
 3. You might have forget to surround an attribute value with single or double quotes.
 4. If you are using HTML 4.01 doctype, make sure that you do not have any self closing tabs (/>) if yes then
 5. remove those slashes.
Note : Sometimes some unwanted characters may get added to your file (copy + paste file format issues) that may cause this issue, in such a case you must check that the file encoding format is UTF-8, if not just do that using Text-Editors like Notepad++ or SublimeText.
 Topics: Pages | 2015 | Tutorials | Questions | Python


Want to become a process operator?
Are you thinking of becoming a process operator? Find out if process operator is the right job for you. Get answers to the following questions: What does a process operator do? What personality traits do process operators have? Will robots replace process operators? How much does a process operator earn and is it a job in high demand?
Want to know what personality traits you have and if the job of process operator fits your personality? Take the free career aptitude test.
What does a process operator do?
A process operator is responsible for the entire production process. As a process operator, you supervise the machine operators. These machine operators, often simply called operators, operate the machines. Sometimes, you help them with that. For instance in case of a failure, maintenance or when a new operator needs to be trained. As a process operator, you're often looking at computer screens to keep an eye on the entire production process. The activities could also consist of setting machine and process systems, starting up equipment at the beginning of the shift, carrying out quality checks and registering process data. Additionally, safety and the environment are often important aspects of your position. In summary, that means you, as a process operator, ensure an efficient, dependable and safe course of the processes in the factories according to procedures and instructions. Where do process operators work? These are usually companies that manufacture products or liquids. For instance, at a brewery, a company that produces packaging, a company that processes potatoes into chips, a company that manufactures sauces, a company that manufactures parts for the car industry or a refinery.
What personality traits do process operators have?
There are two characteristics many process operators have in common. Process operators are full of initiative (score highly in the ENTERPRISING category) and prefer manual labour (score highly in the REALISTIC category). Do you have the same personality? Perhaps the profession of process operator would suit you.
Curious which professions are characterised by the same two personality traits as process operators? Go to the career choice profiles. Here you can find professions with the same profile. But you can also find professions with other characteristics. Which professions do you like and which professions don't appeal?
Will robots replace process operators?
Many jobs will be replaced by robots. How robot-proof are process operators? The chances of robotisation of a process operator's activities amount to 2%. This means that there is a LOW CHANCE that the tasks and activities performed by process operators will be taken over by robots and smart software within the next 20 years.
Process Operator Vacancies and Salary
Want to find out what you can expect from your next career move as a process operator? How much does a process operator earn and is it a job in high demand? You can find out the average annual salary and current vacancies at Adzuna. Adzuna collects all the vacancies for process operators in one place and has the largest collection of live salary data.
Want to find more jobs as a process operator in other countries?
Go to Jooble for jobs as process operator all over the world.
Process operator jobs in the UK
Process operator jobs in the USA
Process operator jobs in Australia
Process operator jobs in South Africa
Process operator jobs in India
Process operator jobs in Ireland


CUSIP is a 9 character long identifier. The last digit is a check sum checking the first 8 previous characters. This seems to me that it is not possible for two securities to have the same 8 characters and different check sum. I know this is not exactly quantitative, but I haven't found a forum where I could ask.
Source: _URL_
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ No, for exactly the reasons you state, two CUSIPs cannot differ in inly the last digit. The last digit is a function of the first 8 digits, and any ordered set of 8 digits has only one proper checksum. If two CUSIPs are the same except for rhe last digit, one of them is not a CUSIP, and in fact making that determination is the very purpose of the checksum digit $\endgroup$ – Dan Bron Nov 21 '14 at 12:16
No, 9th character is computed using deterministic algorithm described here: _URL_
Your Answer


Changing the rules
From SCA Lochac
Revision as of 21:14, 5 January 2021 by Angele (talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
 1. These rules have precedence as set out in section I.A of the Corpora of the Society for Creative Anachronism Inc.
 2. At all times, mundane law has precedence over any and all rules of the SCA.
Changes to the rules
 1. In accordance with section II of the Laws of the Kingdom of Lochac, which can be found at, temporary restrictions on activities normally allowed by these rules may be made by proclamation of the Crown, but they will expire after 30 days unless renewed by proclamation, or permanently incorporated into the rules.
 2. Permanent changes to the rules can only be made using the following procedures, and shall only come into effect after all of these steps are complete:
 1. The change is approved by:
 1. the Crown; and
 2. the Kingdom Seneschal; and
 3. the Board of SCA Ltd, and
 4. the Committee of SCA NZ Inc.
 2. The change is proclaimed by the Crown at an official event.
 3. Notification of the change is distributed to all Group Fencing Marshals.
 4. The Fencing Combat Handbook (this document) is updated.
 5. Notification of the change is published in Pegasus.
 3. The only exception to this procedure is in the case of mundane law changes that contradict these rules. In the event of a change to mundane law, that law will become effective immediately and these rules will be updated as soon as possible.
 4. Typographical corrections and minor changes to clarify wording, that do not change the substance or intent of a rule, can be made by the Kingdom Fencing Marshal without going through this procedure.
Requesting rule changes
 1. The procedure for requesting a change to these rules is as follows:
 1. Discuss the proposed change with the Group Fencing Marshal.
 2. The Group Fencing Marshal forwards the proposed change to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal.
 3. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal conducts appropriate consultation with the fencing community, including discussion with the Kingdom Earl Marshal.
 4. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal formally submits the proposed change to the Kingdom Earl Marshal, and to the Society Fencing Marshal if required.
Experimenting with the rules
 1. Members of the fencing community can propose a substantial change to these rules, such as the addition of a new category of weapons, a new technique, or a reduction in protective equipment requirements.
 2. These changes can only be considered following an approved experiment where training and combat is conducted according to the proposed new rules.
 3. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal can approve an experimental program, subject to the agreement of the Kingdom Earl Marshal and the Society Marshal.
 4. To obtain approval, the people proposing the change must submit an experimental program plan including:
 - a description of the proposed new weapon, technique or equipment change
 - a description of how the experiment will be conducted in training or combat
 - a minimum time frame for the experiment to be conducted
 - a reporting schedule (at least quarterly)
 - anticipated risks
 - contact information for the person who will conduct the experiment and report to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal.
 5. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal will report at least quarterly to the Kingdom Earl Marshal and the Society Fencing Marshal on the progress of the experiment, including any injuries and any concerns from fencers or marshals involved in the experiment.
 6. The Society Fencing Marshal will decide if the rule change should be recommended to the Society Marshal.
 7. The Society Marshal will decide whether to recommend that the SCA Board of Directors approve changes to the Society Fencing Marshals Handbook.
 8. More information about Society experiments is in Appendix 6 of the Society Fencing Marshals Handbook.


Plus addressing and subdomain addressing
Plus addressing and subdomain addressing are features that allow you to give out variations of your normal email address that still arrive at your account. It's easy to create a rule to automatically filter messages sent to a particular variant, which can be helpful for managing mailing lists and site registrations.
You do not have to configure anything to create these addresses. They work right now, for both your _EMAIL_ address and any aliases you have configured, both on FastMail domains and any personal domains.
Plus addressing
Plus addressing means any email sent to _EMAIL_ is still delivered to your account. The part of the email address between the "+" and the "@" is ignored for determining which account it belongs to. This allows you to create limitless variations on your email address to give out to different people, sites or mailing lists.
If the part after the "+" matches the name of one of your folders (see below for how the matching works), the message will automatically be delivered there instead of your Inbox. You don't even need to create an explicit rule!
For example, suppose you gave someone the address _EMAIL_. Any messages sent to this address will be delivered to _EMAIL_, and if you have a folder called Hiking, will be delivered straight to that folder rather than your Inbox.
The main downside to plus addressing is that addresses with a "+" are considered (incorrectly) to be invalid by some websites, and disallowed on some registration forms. Also, people may find this kind of address hard to remember, because it is quite unusual. Subdomain addressing, described below, overcomes these problems.
Subdomain addressing
Subdomain addressing offers all the advantages of plus addressing with fewer disadvantages. It works the same as plus addressing, but instead of _EMAIL_, you can use an address of the form _EMAIL_. Just like with plus addressing, messages will be automatically filed into folders with a matching name.
Please note, your username cannot include an underscore ("_") or a dot (".") if you wish to use subdomain addressing. Hostnames on the internet cannot have underscores and could be or if both domains exist. You can change your username on the Advanced → Rename/Consolidate screen.
Only one level of subdomain addressing is supported: _EMAIL_ is fine, but _EMAIL_ will not work.
How a folder is matched
Sub-domain and plus addressing use fuzzy folder matching. When a regular folder match fails, folders are compared case-insensitively, with the hyphen ("-"), underscore ("_") and space (" ") characters treated the same. A full stop (".") is used to separate a parent from a subfolder. So if you have a folder "Mailing Lists.My List", then messages sent to _EMAIL_ will get filed into that folder.
If after a match the delivery of the mail should have been to a subfolder but the subfolder does not exist, the mail is delivered to the parent folder, rather than to the Inbox. For example, if you sent a message to _EMAIL_ and you don't have a subfolder "Hiking" under the "Mailing Lists" folder, then the email will go to the "Mailing Lists" folder rather than the Inbox.
If you create a rule that files the message into a folder, this will override the folder matching described above.
Sending email from a plus or subdomain address
To send email using _EMAIL_, create a personality with that email address. Alternatively, create a personality with the email address *_USER_.domain.tld which will let you send email with any text you like replacing the *.