text:
GVSU Ravine Research
The ravines are a beautiful resource which should be protected, as well as a potential hazard to the surrounding infrastructure of the university if not carefully managed (Figure 1). The steep hillsides and ravines are currently undergoing rapid erosion, down cutting, and widespread slope instability. It is likely that this erosion is due, at least in part, to an increase in storm water runoff, which is directed to the ravines from impermeable surfaces such as parking lots and walkways.
Dr. John Weber has done previous studies with students which suggest that the down cutting rate over the past 40 years may be as much as an order of magnitude greater than it was prior to the construction of GVSU (John Weber, personal communication).
Dr. Peter Wampler and student summer scholar Patrick Womble are collecting data during the summer of 2006 to better understand the affect GVSU urbanization has had on the ravine system. Specific research questions that we hope to answer include:
- What is the flow volume directed toward the ravines from GVSU infrastructure? How does this volume compare to what would be expected from a non-urbanized landscape?
- What are the short-term and long-term erosion rates in the ravines? Are these rates changing in response to efforts to slow erosion such as rock gabions and other structures?
- How has urbanization and increased runoff in the past 43 years affected the sedimentation rates in the lower ravines?
- What areas of the ravines are prone to slope instability and are these areas related to areas of increased runoff due to storm water discharge to the ravines?
- How has erosion and sedimentation affected the water quality in the Grand River?
- What can be done to inform decision makers about erosion and sedimentation in the ravines so that future land use and facilities are sustainable?
Here is a small PDF version of the Summer Scholar poster
2009 Data summary report prepared for Facilites Management
Page last modified February 4, 2013


text:
It takes approximately two and a half 750 milliliter bottles to make a half gallon. To get the number of bottles needed to make half a gallon, the gallon has to be converted to milliliters, divided by 2 to get half of it and then divided by the number 750.
One gallon translates to 3,785.41178 milliliters. This means that 1,892.70589 milliliters make half a gallon. Dividing that value with 750 yields the number 2.523607853. Upon rounding the number to two decimals, the result is 2.52, which represents the number of 750 milliliter bottles that are needed to make half a gallon.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Modulation of the trigeminofacial pathway during syllabic speech
Meredith Estep, Steven M. Barlow
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
10 Scopus citations
The human orofacial system is richly endowed with low-threshold, slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that respond to self-generated movements and external loads. The functional linkage between these afferents and the recruitment of motor units in the lower face during the dynamics of speech is unknown. Mechanically evoked activity in the orbicularis oris muscles was studied in young human female adults (N = 10) during a lip force recruitment task associated with the repetition of the nonsense speech utterance "ah-wah." This speech task involved the recruitment of perioral motor units against an elastic load. A skin contactor probe coupled to a servo-controlled linear motor delivered punctate ipsilateral mechanical inputs (25 ms duration, 1800 μm displacement) to the glabrous surface of the upper lip in order to index the modulation and specificity of the compound trigeminofacial response as a function of speech force recruitment threshold (Ft). Modulation of the early (Ft = 0.2 N) and later (Ft = 1.0 N) components of the evoked perioral response was found at the two force thresholds. Beginning at approximately 60 ms post-stimulus, a significant suppression response was found among lower lip EMG recording sites and its magnitude was greatest when the mechanical perturbation occurred during the early phase of lip force recruitment. Variation in the lip force trajectories was manifest by a greater difference in net interangle force associated with lip perturbations indexed to the early Ft. This was interpreted to reflect the operation of a feedforward mechanism which may play a more significant role during an evolving speech action. Thus, the application of servo-controlled mechanosensory inputs effectively indexed the excitability of the facial motor nucleus during production of a simple speech phrase. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms of short-term adaptation and trigeminofacial modulation during propositional speech in health and disease.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)67-74
Number of pages8
JournalBrain Research
Issue number1
StatePublished - Sep 26 2007
Externally publishedYes
 - Active force
 - Compound perioral response
 - Electromyography
 - Mechanical stimulation
 - Orbicularis oris
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Neuroscience(all)
 - Molecular Biology
 - Clinical Neurology
 - Developmental Biology
Dive into the research topics of 'Modulation of the trigeminofacial pathway during syllabic speech'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Patrick Ye, Timothy Baldwin
In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based NLP system for automatically creating animated storyboards using the action descriptions of movie scripts. We focus particularly on the importance of verb semantics when generating graphics commands, and find that semantic role labelling boosts performance and is relatively robust to the effects of unseen verbs.
Subjects: 13. Natural Language Processing; 6.4 Virtual Reality
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


Navigating Partnerships In a Crisis: Do's and Don'ts for Smart Partnership Leaders
In this co-authored guide with Impact, you'll learn why marketing partnerships are on the rise during these challenging economic times and how brands are leveraging their partners to drive revenue, strengthen their brand awareness and realize cost-effective return on ad spend.
Download this helpful guide to learn:
 - What it is about partnerships that make them a refuge during uncertain times.
 - Why brands are putting more into their performance-based partnership channel when cash is tight.
 - Why partnerships have historically become the go-to channel during volatile times and some do's and don'ts for managing partnerships under duress.
 - How partnerships are helping brands bring in revenue while meeting the demands of consumers looking for deals and loyalty perks.
Send This Resource To My Inbox


text:
Sunday, February 14, 2010
Norwegian Emigration to SA
Immigrants from countries other than Britain also chose South Africa as their destination.
In 1879, the year of the Anglo-Zulu War, a group of 47 Norwegians left Bergen to establish a colony on an atoll in the Indian Ocean, Aldabra. The Debora Expedition, as the venture is known, didn't work out as planned; some of its members remained in Madagascar and others decided to settle in the British Colony of Natal. They were the first Norwegian immigrants to settle at Port Natal (later called Durban).
You can read everything there is to know about the fascinating Debora Expedition at
_URL_ Also visit companion pages at _URL_
Until about 1880, America had been the favoured destination of Norwegian emigrants, but reports sent back by Norwegian missionaries in South Africa encouraged interest, particularly in the Colony of Natal. The farming community around Aalesund, Norway, made contact with the Natal Immigration Agent, Walter Peace, in London and a scheme for government-assisted immigration was set in place.
This resulted in 32 families sailing first to England from Norway in July 1880, then continuing on to Natal on C.H.M.S. Lapland. They were settled on land between the Umzimkulu and Izotsha rivers on the south coast of Natal.
Although some of these immigrants found conditions in Natal disappointing, later returning to Norway, many remained to form the nucleus of a thriving community. Descendants of the Marburg settlers, as they are generally called, still live in Natal. So do descendants of early Norwegian missionaries to the Colony.
_URL_ Norwegian Settlers Association of Marburg

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Mannatech's PLUS tablets can help keep your endocrine system healthy. A healthy endocrine system produces a full array of hormones that can regulate your cells and organs. Using our Real Food technology solutions, we created a blend of herbs and amino acids in PLUS tablets to help your body produce the hormones it needs to stay balanced and functioning optimally.
- Formulated with a unique blend of standardised nutrients, like those found in wild yam root, our PLUS tablets support your health in these areas;
- Furnishes raw materials for endocrine system support
- Supplies amino acids to help support the endocrine system
- Supports breast, prostate, bone and colon health
- Supports the health of the immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems.
Our PLUS product fills in the gaps
Your endocrine system is very busy and ultimately, influences almost every cell, organ and function of your body. When we don't eat right, we can miss out on important nutrients like plant sterols and amino acids that help keep our systems functioning well. Our PLUS tablets fill in the missing nutrients ands can help keep and help to give your body the crucial support it needs.
Can men and women use PLUS tablets?
Yes, men and women can use PLUS tablets. Our PLUS tablets contain healthful amino acids that both women's and men's endocrine systems can use.
What is the endocrine system and why is it important?
The endocrine system is the system that maintains hormonal balance in the body. A well-functioning endocrine system helps support the body's natural recovery from physical and emotional stress and works in harmony with the body's immune system.
Do PLUS tablets provide hormones?
No, PLUS tablets do not contain any hormones, but they do provide nutrients that help support the endocrine system.


text:
IJSRP, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2017 Edition [ISSN 2250-3153]
Prof Vaibhav Gandhi, Dr C K Kumbharana
India is 2nd largest country after China based on its population. Even whole country is divided based on different language, region, rituals and lots many differences. Efficient governance of such large country with such diversity is tough task. Government of India is aggressively using Information and Communication Technologies in their daily work to provide SMART (Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent) governance to every citizen of India. The tools, technology and methods used in E-Governance application provide a roadmap for effective and timely delivery of services at the door step of citizen. Majority of regular interaction of government and citizen is done through Local Bodies of government. Local Body is classified in Urban Local Body (ULB) and Rural Local Body (RLB). Purpose of this paper is to examine E-Governance implementation in Local Bodies in India.


You Can Feel It in the Air
At some point in our lives, we notice ourselves lugging around an overload of ideas and information. How is it that we continually play the role of unwitting receiver to a barrage of loaded transmissions? 'Transmission' is a series of exhibitions presented by the New Museum of Contemporary Art, which profiles artists and scholars exploring the concept of 'transmission' in and through new media, radio, sound and broadcast media. 'Airborne,' the second show in the series, takes on the 'aesthetic, sonic and socio-political' aspects of these cunningly concealed wireless transmissions. Curated by Anne Barlow and Defne Ayas, in collaboration with, the exhibition features seven works by New York-based artists that aim to give substance to intangible electronic signals and to the interests they power. Take Paul Davies 'Prayer Antenna,' which wittingly transforms viewers into supplicants as they kneel to insert their head into an ordained helmet covered with antennas; or Mendi and Keith Obadike's '4-1-9,' which invites one to compose an individualized email money transfer scam. Airborne will be at the New Museum until June 4, with performances on May 4 at 6:30PM. - Ophra Wolf


Email Customer Element
The Email Customer element is an Activity element. It should be the child element of Wait Selection element. It has a Send Email action and a couple of additional actions that calculate the event_seconds variable.
Here is the send email action:
The element then calculates the event_seconds variable, which represents how many seconds to the webinar start time. We calculate this variable so that we can text the customer 15 minutes before the webinar.
So when event_seconds is less than 900 (15 minutes), the engine notifies the customer by a text message. This is defined in the Notify Now element. If it is longer than 15 minutes, it schedules the text message by setting up a timer. This action is defined in the Wait 15 element, which we will create later.


Miniature airspeed sensor for RC plane and UAVs.
Build and test of a miniature Pitot static (Prandtl) tube. Parts and electronic design are described. In flight airspeed performance is compared to a GPS ground speed used as reference. Wind speed is estimated to remove bias between airspeed and ground speed.
Inverted Pendulum
LQR stabilization of an inverted pendulum platform based on a low-cost toy. Simulink model and generation of code for dsPIC Microchip microcontroller are provided (Rapid Control Prototyping: RCP)


Product Category
4 channel paperless recorders
4 channel paperless recorders
What are 4 channel paperless recorders?
The paperless records collect data/calculated data in the internal storage system of the instrument on the basis of time, without consuming any commonly used recording facilities, such as paper, pen and ink. The stored data recorded in the instrument is displayed on the LCD screen after calculation and simulation. Paperless graphic recorder has many formats to display the data, such as, value display, bar graph display, curve display, history, alarm list, etc. The digital paperless recorder can accept universal signal inputs, such as the flow signal of the flow meter (4-20mA or frequency), the pressure signal of the pressure transmitter, the temperature signal of the thermal resistance (RTD) and the thermocouple, etc.
Signal types can be accepted by the 4 channels paperless graphic recorder
The data collected by paperless recorders can be: temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, voltage, current, humidity, frequency, vibration, speed, etc.
It can accept current 4-20mA or 10 mA, 1-5V voltage, 0-5V voltage, 0-10V voltage, 20mV voltage, 100mV voltage, 100Ω resistance, PT100, Cu50, Cu53, thermocouple S, thermocouple R, thermocouple B, thermocouple K, thermocouple J, thermocouple E, thermocouple N, frequency,etc.
4 Channels paperless graphic recorder Technical Specification
 - Screen size: 3.5", 5.6" or 10.4" options, color LCD display or monochrome screen
 - Touch screen 4 channels paperless graphic recorder option
 - Installation dimension: 160 x 80 mm, 144 x 144mm, 90x 90 mm options
 - Communication: RS485, RS232, E-thernet
 - Storage: SD Card, USB pen drive, 8GB
 - Options with alarm relay outputs
 - 24V DC or 220V AC power supply options
4 channel paperless recorder Price
The price of 4 channel paperless recorder is determined by many factors.
First is the brand and model. For example, Yokogawa paperless recorder, Honeywell paperless chart recorder, VR06 paperless recorder, FUJI paperless recorder, Brainchild paperless recorder, Endress Hauser paperless chart recorder, Omega paperless chart recorder, paperless recorder model GX10 etc, these brands are not cheap. SILVER is provided by the paperless recorder factory in China. The price is cheap. SILVER has 4 channel paperless recorders in stock. The shipment is very fast and the price is very low.
The price of the recorder is also related to the size of the screen. The larger the screen size, the more expensive it is. For example, a 10.4" color paperless recorder is much more expensive than 3.5".
Color screens are more expensive than monochrome screens.
The price of the 4 channels paperless recorder is also related to the functions, such as Ethernet, touch screen paperless recorders, current output, relay output, SD card and other functions, all affect the price of the paperless recorder. The price of SILVER 4 channels recorder starts at $200.
Leave a Message Email Us
we will contact you within 24 hours.


text:
This week's Drawing Challenge has asked users to draw a cityscape using PicsArt's Drawing Tools, so this tutorial will show you how to draw a glittering metropolis for the occasion.
Raising a city is not like other drawing subjects. This challenge calls for some special tricks that, once you learn, will produce some startling results. Just grab your hard hat and follow the steps below!
Step 1: First Two Rows
Select the Shape icon and select the rectangular shape on the "Fill" setting. Select a medium dark color and create your first row of buildings. Use a slightly darker color to darken the sides of the buildings. Add a layer below, and use black to create your second row of buildings.
Step 2: Foreground & Background
Add layers in the foreground and use a variety of colors and shapes to create your front row of buildings and a street or river. Choose another dark color for your final row of buildings at the bottom, and on the very bottom layer, fill in a sky.
Step 3: Shade
Add a layer on top of your buildings and use black brushes and shapes to draw shadows being cast on top of and behind buildings. Reduce the opacity to make them translucent like shadows.
Step 4: Lights
Select bright and pale colors to dot your buildings with specks of lights. Experiment with different brush shapes to vary your light patterns. Create streaks of varied tones in your sky to give it texture, and reduce the opacity of your back row of buildings for a cool effect.
Step 5: Final Details
Add the final details that will bring your drawing to life. Create specks of colored lights with large, nearly transparent halos for traffic. If you have a river, reflect your city and add waves.


text:
Lasers to replace quartz technology
In a new discovery, researchers have found that lasers can safely replace years old quartz technology used in wristwatches or to transmit reliable signals to radios.tech reviews Updated: Jul 18, 2014 16:06 IST
In a new discovery, researchers have found that lasers can safely replace years old quartz technology used in wristwatches or to transmit reliable signals to radios.
In lieu of a crystal, researchers at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have developed a method to stabilise microwave signals in the range of gigahertz using a pair of laser beams as the reference.
"Our new method reverses the architecture used in standard crystal-stabilised microwave oscillators - the 'quartz' reference is replaced by optical signals much higher in frequency than the microwave signal to be stabilised," explained Kerry Vahala, a professor of information science and technology and applied physics at Caltech.
Nearly all electronics require devices called oscillators that create precise frequencies.
For nearly 100 years, these oscillators have relied upon quartz crystals to provide a frequency reference.
Quartz crystals "tune" oscillators by vibrating at relatively low frequencies - those that fall at or below the range of megahertz, or millions of cycles per second, like radio waves.
However, future high-end navigation systems, radar systems and even consumer electronics will require references beyond the performance of quartz.
In the new method called electro-optical frequency division, the optical reference used by researchers is a laser that looks like a tiny disk.
"At only six mm in diameter, the device is very small, making it particularly useful in compact photonic devices - devices powered by photons instead of electrons," said co-author Scott Diddams, a physicist at Maryland-based the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
The study appeared in the journal Science.


text:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A sudden statement (also known as an "excited utterance") made by someone who has seen a surprising, startling, or shocking event (such as an accident or a death), or has suffered an injury. For example, "Oh my God, that blue car hit the little girl!" Spontaneous exclamations are often introduced at trial as evidence of the speaker's state of mind or the truth of the matter being spoken about, and will be admitted if the judge decides that the circumstances surrounding the statement make it likely that the speaker was telling the truth. Without this determination, the statement is simply hearsay; that is, a statement made out of court and offered for the truth of the matter it deals with. (See also: hearsay
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:24 pm


text:
When someone passes away, in addition to a funeral service that usually occurs three or seven days after the death, we have a ceremony on the 49th day. Traditionally, the period of 49 days after someone dies is seen as a time for that person to check their consciousness and digest their karma. According to Buddhist teaching the bodhisattva Ji Jang Bosal helps the deceased during these 49 days to perceive their karma so when they return they are reborn to help this world, rather than continue in the cycle of birth and death. Religious Buddhism teachers that there is a life in this body, then a time of investigation or consideration, and then a new life in a new body.
But the truth is, we don't know what happens when we die. The Buddhist teaching about death can be helpful in that it gives us a good feeling, some sense of comfort in this mystery. This framework that can be helpful in the grieving process, but the Buddha taught that originally there is no life or death. Our true self is infinite in time and space. Don't Know Mind doesn't have a beginning or an ending. Zen Master Seung Sahn's teaching is to wake up in this moment and attain our true nature. When we keep a Don't Know Mind we are addressing the big question of life and death moment to moment. The big meaning of a 49-day ceremony is to wake up just now. Actually, whenever anybody dies, they are teaching us that we must wake up, because our lives only occur in this moment [snaps fingers]. Just that.
By Tim Lerch JDPSN


text:
Questions around hydrologic calibration methodologies:
1) The performance of numerous rainfall-runoff models have been tested in many catchments across Australia in recent work (Petheram etal, 2009; 2012; Viney etal, 2009; Waters etal, 2013, in-prep). Two models consistently outperform the others: Sacramento (Burnash etal, 1973) and GR4J (Perrin etal., 2002; 2003). The Sacramento model tends to perform better when assessed over the calibration period, however the GR4J model has fewer parameters and the key question remains: does the simpler model allow more robust calibrations and perform better outside the calibration period?
As a side note, I am not sure whether GR4J has been tested on very large catchments (such as some we have in Northern and Western QLD). It may be that it lacks the complexity in its lower-zone storages required to model such catchments accurately.
2) Queensland hydrology has historically preferred to calibrate hydrologic reaches (as delimited by gauging stations or storages) in isolation. By using gauged flows at both the upstream and downstream ends of the reach, one obtains a good information about the routing behaviour, and estimates of historic residual fluxes (for calibration residual rainfall-runoff models, and reach losses). The benefit is that you are only calibrating to the best quality data. The downside is that the calibration period is limited to that during which data exists for upstream and downstream stations.
An alternative method is to calibrate all the models reaches together. This method introduces an amount of interplay between the parameters of successive reaches. It does mean you can use all the streamflow data (not just periods where upstream and downstream gauges have overlapping records). But it means that you are trying to calibrate many hundreds of parameters at once. It also means that you have to be careful about how to weight the relative importance of different gauges. And it means that spurious rainfall data in one subcatchment will not have an isolated effect; the resulting flows will hinder the calibration of all downstream reaches.
Which method is faster? Which is more robust (inside and outside the calibration period)?
3) The PEST optimization package has at least two optimization algorithms. The standard algorithm is very powerful, but assumes that the objective function is a well-behaved function of the model parameters. An alternative algorithm is the shuffled-complex-evolution algorithm implemented in SCEUA_P. It is slower to optimize, but makes no assumptions about the shape of the objective function, and is less likely to be trapped in local minima. A rainfall-runoff model is certainly better behaved than an operations model, but it does involve a few if-then-else blocks. So….
What optimization algorithm works best? Is the answer the same for Sacramento and GR4J?
Marshall, L. (2005) "Bayesian analysis of rainfall-runoff models: Insights to parameter estimation, model comparison and hierarchical model development", PhD Thesis, UNSW. _URL_
Vrugt, etal. (2008)


text:
Thursday, November 1, 2012
Etymology and History of the Stole/Liturgical Vestment/ Symbol of Service/Linked to Washing of Feet
"The word stole derives via the Latin stola, from the Greek στολή (stolē), "garment", originally "array" or opted by the Church of Rome about the seventh century (the stole having also been adopted in other locales prior to this), the stole became gradually narrower and so richly ornamented that it developed into a mark of dignity. Nowadays, the stole is usually wider and can be made from a wide variety of material. There are many theories as to the "ancestry" of the stole. Some say it came from the tallit(Jewish prayer mantle), because it is very similar to the present usage (as in the minister puts it on when he or she leads in prayer) but this theory is no longer regarded much today. More popular is the theory that the stole originated from a kind of liturgical napkin called an orarium(cf. orarion) very similar to the sudarium. In fact, in many places the stole is called the orarium. Therefore it is linked to the napkin used by Christ in washing the feet of his disciples, and is a fitting symbol of the yoke of Christ, the yoke of service...."
Posted by Bridget Mary Meehan at 4:04 AM


text:
an infinite loop or some other problem). Typical cues include changing the mouse cursor, printing a message, or displaying something in a buffer as Emacs does when the emacs-lisp interface is running.
Unfortunately, providing such a cue for every scavenge is a difficult problem and if it is done wrong, the consequences to Lisp can be fatal. However, we have provided an interface for the brave. The functions gc-before-c-hooks and gc-after-c-hooks return settable lists of addresses of C functions to be called before and after a gc.
Luckily, scavenges are usually fast and so failing to provide a cue may not be noticeable. Global gc's, however can be slow but it is possible to provide a cue for a global gc even without using C functions. There are two strategies: (1) determine when a global gc is necessary and either schedule it when convenient or warn the user that one is imminent; (2) do not give advance warning but provide a cue when it happens. Looking at these examples, you can probably craft your own method of warning or cue.
Note that in these examples, we replace the value of
*gc-after-hook* with a new
value, destroying the current value (which provides for the default
automated behavior). The default function is named by the (internal)
One way to implement the first strategy is to set a flag when a global gc is needed and then have code that acts on that flag. This code can be run at your choosing -- but be sure that it is run at some point. You might do this:
(defvar *my-gc-count* 0) (defvar *time-for-gc-p* nil) (defun my-gc-after-hook (global-p to-new to-old eff to-be-alloc) (declare (ignore eff to-new to-be-alloc)) (if global-p (progn (setq *my-gc-count* 0) (setq *time-for-gc-p* nil)) (progn (setq *my-gc-count* (+ *my-gc-count* to-old)) (if (> *my-gc-count* excl:*tenured-bytes-limit*) (setq *time-for-gc-p* t)))))
Make sure you compile my-gc-after-hook before
making it the value of
*gc-after-hook*. Now, define a function that
triggers a global gc (calls
(gc t)) when
*time-for-gc-p* is true. This function can be called by a
user of your application, or when your application is about to do
something that the user expects to wait for anyway, or whenever, so
long as it is called at some point.
In the second strategy, we provide some cue to the user that a global gc is occurring. We have not included the code for the cue (you should supply that) and notice we have gone to some pains to avoid a recursive error (where the garbage collector calls itself).
(defvar *my-gc-count* 0) (defvar *prevent-gc-recursion-problem* nil) (defun my-gc-after-hook (global-p to-new to-old eff to-be-alloc) (declare (ignore eff to-new to-be-alloc)) (when (null *prevent-gc-recursion-problem*) (if global-p (setq *my-gc-count* 0) (progn (setq *my-gc-count* (+ *my-gc-count* to-old)) (if (> *my-gc-count* excl:*tenured-bytes-limit*) (excl:without-interrupts (setq *prevent-gc-recursion-problem* t) ;; () (gc t) ;; () (setq *my-gc-count* 0) (setq *prevent-gc-recursion-problem* nil)))))))
;; () ;; ()
with whatever code you want, but be careful that there is no possibility of waiting (for user input, e.g.) or going into an infinite loop because you are in a without-interrupts form and waiting is wrong and an infinite loop is fatal in that case.
The following list contains information and advice concerning gsgc. Some of the information has already been provided above, but is given again here for emphasis.
nilunless some other method of stepping the generation is enabled (including specific action by you). If objects are not tenured, newspace will grow, filling up with long-lived objects, and performance will degrade significantly.
:tenure(which will cause all live objects to be tenured) or with the tenuring macro. There is no way to prevent a specific object from ever being tenured except by disabling generation stepping and thus preventing all objects from being tenured.
It is not easy to cause a gsgc error. Such errors are usually catastrophic (often Lisp dies either without warning or with a brief message that some unrecognizable object was discovered). Once the garbage collector becomes confused, it cannot be straightened out.
Such errors can be caused when Lisp code is compiled with the compiler
optimizations set so that normal argument and type checking is
disabled. For example, if a function is compiled with the values of
speed and safety such that the compiler:verify-argument-count-switch
nil, and that function is passed the wrong
number of arguments (usually too few), it can trigger a fatal gsgc
error. Before you report a gsgc error as a bug (and please do report
them), please recompile any code where checking was disabled with
settings of speed and safety which allow checking. See if the error
repeats itself. See Declarations and optimizations in
compiling.htm for more information on compiler
optimization switches and values of speed and safety.
Garbage collector errors may also be caused by foreign code signal handlers. Note that foreign code signal handlers should not call lisp_call_address or lisp_value. See foreign-functions.htm for more information on signals.
See the information on the
Section 5.4 Gsgc switches.
The Allegro CL image will grow as necessary while running. If it needs to grow and it cannot, a storage-condition type error is signaled (storage-condition is a standard Common Lisp condition type). While these errors might arise from insufficient swap space, the typical cause is a conflict in the virtual address space. That is, something else (a program or a library location) has grabbed virtual address space in a range that Lisp needs to grow the heap. (Allegro CL does not allow discontinuous virtual address ranges.)
Whatever the cause, the error is triggered by a request for space which cannot be fulfilled. Here we show the error when a largish array is created (this example is contrived in order to show the error: a request for such an array does not typically cause a problem).
CL-USER(25): (setq my-array (make-array 100000)) Error: An allocation request for 483032 bytes caused a need for _PHONE_ more bytes of heap. The operating system will not make the space available. [condition type: STORAGE-CONDITION] CL-USER(26):
A global gc may free up enough space within Lisp to continue without growing. Killing processes other than Lisp may free enough space for Lisp to grow. But it may be the case that other allocations of virtual address space conflicts with Lisp usage. Please contact Franz customer support for assistance in determining whether this is the case if the problem persists.
You trigger a global gc by evaluating (see gc):
When the garbage collector gets confused, usually by following what it believes to be a valid pointer, but one that does not point to an actual Lisp object, Lisp fails with a two part message. The first part is a brief description of the specific problem. The second part is a general statement about the gc failures and the fact they cannot be recovered from, along with an opportunity of get a core file (which may be useful for later analysis). Here are some examples of the second part:
The gc's internal control tables may have been corrupted and Lisp execution cannot continue. [or] The internal data structures in the running Lisp image have been corrupted and execution cannot continue. [then] Check all foreign functions and any Lisp code that was compiled with high speed and/or low safety, as these are two common sources of this failure. If you cannot find anything incorrect in your code you should contact technical support for Allegro Common Lisp, and we will try to help determine whether this is a coding error or an internal bug. Would you like to dump core for debugging before exiting(y or n)?
Here are some examples of the first part:
system error (gsgc): Unknown object type at (0xc50ec9a) system error (gsgc): Object already pointing to target newspace half: 0x42c43400 system error (gsgc): Scavenger invoked itself recursively.
As the text says in the second part, there is no recovery.
The causes of such errors can be one or more of the following:
Diagnosing and fixing the problem can be difficult. Here are some initial steps to take where possible:
(gc :print), see gc.)
If you cannot quickly determine the cause of the problem and a solution for it, contact Franz Inc. technical support at _EMAIL_. Be sure to include the output of a call to print-system-state, and provide any information about foreign code, optimizations, etc. that you can. We may ask you for a core file (which, as said above, can be optionally generated when there is a failure).
A Lisp object becomes garbage when nothing points to or references it. The way the


text:
An ongoing study in Yellowstone National Park seeks to measure the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a response to geologic activity and as a possible predictor of some geologic events. A story covering this study notes that researchers estimate that Yellowstone emits 45,000 tons of CO2 per day. That is about 16.5 million tons per year.
The EPA estimates that the average car emits between five and six tons of CO2 per year. So natural geologic activity in Yellowstone contributes CO2 equivalent to about 3 million cars. The current attempts by the EPA to limit CO2 emissions would be dangerous for the American economy, but they would have no impact on the millions of tons Yellowstone emits every year.
More seriously, the EPA regulations would also have little impact on the billions of additional tons of CO2 that China, India, and the developing world will emit each year in the decades ahead. As a result, the regulations would have damaging impacts on the American economy, but just like cap-and-trade restrictions, they would have negligible impact on world temperatures.
Read more informative articles at Heritage – The Foundry


text:
The first important task is firming up the required specifications. Normally, this is the first and most important task, however, since power supply specifications cannot be determined until specifications for the entire circuit board are fixed, it is not uncommon that the task of establishing power supply specifications is undertaken only when the end of allotted design time approaches. That said, because the design process cannot move forward unless something is in place, the task is started based on the required voltage and an assumed load current, as provisional specifications. Normally, the following items must be fixed at the start of a design process:
If we take input conditions as an example, 100 VAC would be adequate for sales in Japan. However, if a given product is to be sold overseas, universal input capabilities fit for the voltage in the destination country in which the product is offered, or any voltage across the world, must be provided. Also, in some countries the voltage may be unstable, in which case a wide latitude in tolerance must be taken into consideration. When a large number of such factors must be addressed, selection of parts changes widely. Consequently, it is important to collect as much relevant information as possible at the outset of a design effort. Strictly speaking, a design process cannot be started unless specifications are clearly defined. However, the objective being to design an appropriate power supply within a given timeframe, a flexible posture is also good thing to have.
-Because power supply specifications are often decided upon at the last minute, high-quality design must be accomplished within a short period of time.


text:
The Ashy-faced Owl is similar in size and appearance to the North American Barn Owl, but overall darker, grayer, and with a distinctly ashy-gray facial disk. It was once thought to be a subspecies of the Barn Owl, but is now recognized as a separate species endemic to the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Data on the species is still somewhat limited, but it is thought to favour open woodlands, forests, and scrub, including areas around towns and villages.
Ashy-faced Owls prey primarily on small mammals and birds, but also hunt tree frogs and lizards. The population of these owls is declining, largely due to habitat loss, which in turn is a consequence of the rapid growth of the Dominican Republic's human population from less than 2.5 million in 1950 to over 8 million just half a century later. The Ashy-faced Owl is more dependant on forests than the somewhat larger Barn Owl; as a result, deforestation has benefited the Barn Owl at the expense of the Ashy-faced Owl.
The Ashy-faced Owl was first bred in captivity in Germany about ten years ago. In 1997 the Dominican National Zoo (ZOODOM) and the Society for the Conservation and Research of Owls (S.C.R.O.) signed an agreement to cooperate on a breeding project for the conservation of this species in the Dominican Republic. In March 2001, two chicks were hatched in captivity for the first time in the Americas, and seven additional chicks have hatched since.
LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:
Dominican Republic Owl Conservation Project
Owl Trust - Ashy-faced Owl
| Return to Raptor Index |
RETURN TO COMPLETE SITE INDEX
(or choose from selected popular links below)
| Home | News | Talon Tales | Search |
| Membership | Adopt a Peregrine | Gift Shop |
| About CPF | CPF Projects | Project Track-'em | Education Program |
| Webcams | Photo Galleries | Sightings | Identification Tips |
| Peregrine information | Owls | Other Raptors | Links |
© Canadian Peregrine Foundation


text:
Definition of "level of quantification"
65.1 In section 65, "level of quantification" means, in respect of a substance, the lowest concentration that can be accurately measured using sensitive but routine sampling and analytical methods.
Marginal note:Domestic Substances List
66. (1) The Minister shall, for the purposes of sections 73, 74 and 81, maintain a list to be known as the Domestic Substances List, and the List shall specify all substances that the Minister is satisfied were, between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986,
(a) manufactured in or imported into Canada by any person in a quantity of not less than 100 kg in any one calendar year; or
(b) in Canadian commerce or used for commercial manufacturing purposes in Canada.
Marginal note:Non-domestic Substances List
(2) The Minister shall, for the purpose of section 81, maintain a list to be known as the Non-domestic Substances List, and the List shall specify substances, other than
(a) the substances referred to in subsection (1); and
(b) living organisms within the meaning of Part 6.
Marginal note:Amendment of Lists
(3) Where a substance was not included on the Domestic Substances List and the Minister subsequently learns that, between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986, the requirements set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) were met in respect of the substance, the Minister shall add the substance to the List and, where necessary, delete it from the Non-domestic Substances List.
Marginal note:Amendment of Lists
(4) Where the Minister includes a substance on the Domestic Substances List and subsequently learns that, between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986, the requirements set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) were not met in respect of the substance, the Minister shall delete the substance from the List and may add it to the Non-domestic Substances List.
Marginal note:Publication of Lists
(5) The Minister shall publish in the Canada Gazette and in any other manner that the Minister considers appropriate the Domestic Substances List, the Non-domestic Substances List and any amendments to those Lists.
(6) The Minister may, by order, designate any person or class of persons to exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions set out in this section.
Marginal note:Regulation of criteria
67. (1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Ministers, make regulations
(a) respecting a property or characteristic of a substance, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, persistence and bioaccumulation;
(b) prescribing the substances or groups of substances in respect of which the property or characteristic may be applicable;
(c) prescribing the conditions under which and the circumstances in which the property or characteristic may be applicable; and
(d) respecting the conditions, test procedures and laboratory practices to be followed for analysing, testing or measuring the property or characteristic.
(2) No regulation that is applicable to a mineral or metal may be made under subsection (1) unless, in the opinion of the Ministers, the natural occurrence, properties and characteristics of that mineral or metal in the environment have been taken into consideration.
- 1999, c. 33, s. 67;
- 2001, c. 34, s. 28(F).
- Date modified:


text:
Teaching Matters 2017 | Presentation Details | 28 NovemberNov 2017
Blended delivery of Seafarer competency courses: making the concept a reality through modern technologies and learning tools
Gamini Lokuketagoda, Australian Maritime College
Dev Ranmuthugala, Australian Maritime College
Shantha Jayasinghe, Australian Maritime College
Innovative Teaching for Successful Graduates
Social Sciences 211
Maritime Education and Training (MET) is relatively complex compared to traditional education and training systems mainly due to space and time constraints experienced by seafarers. In addition, the diversity of the seafarers' educational backgrounds, field experience, and competence make MET even more challenging. Therefore, the traditional fixed-term, face-to-face delivery in university based education systems is not always the most suited for seafarers to develop their knowledge and competence to meet the needs of the maritime industry.
With the advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) distance learning, especially targeting seafarers at sea is becoming an attractive alternative in MET. In recent times, advanced software programs, simulation tools, and associated hardware enable multi-mode distance learning options ranging from passive delivery of material to interactive audio-visual sessions. These tools have enabled education institutions to package and deliver a range of programmes, including those traditionally considered as 'must attend' within regulated Certificate of Competency courses, thus providing the flexibility that complements the life style of modern seafarers, as well as effectively promoting self-directed and self-paced learning.
These advantages come with challenges such as the extensive efforts required in the development of content, appropriate facilities, suitable assessment strategies, and channels of communication and feedback. The location and time separation between the instructors and students often hinders effective communication, which can be exacerbated if appropriate support is not arranged in advance with the ship owners and operators for the deployment and continuation of distance delivery programmes. These challenges need careful handling to ensure distance delivery of International Maritime Organisation (IMO), Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) competence courses becomes a reality.
An example, specific to the Australian context, on the successful delivery of distance learning is the Math-Primer programme developed by the author that uses modern ICT facilities to prepare students with the necessary background in mathematics irrespective of their location or educational background. This innovative programme has grown in popularity across disciplines, with evidence clearly showing significant improvement of student competence and satisfaction. This paper outlines how the author effectively used modern ICT to develop and deliver this programme through a blended delivery mode. In addition, lessons learnt in implementing this programme, associated challenges, possible solutions and expansion for future in to other areas of education are also discussed.


text:
Light affects nutrients
Sound Consumer | March 2012
So you think you're getting the most nutritious, best produce by reaching to the back of the produce shelves, or by digging to the bottom of a pile on the dry racks? Think again.
A study by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists suggests consumers may wish to look instead for fruits and vegetables receiving the greatest exposure to light — usually found closest to the front or top of a display.
Researchers found that spinach leaves, for instance, exposed to continuous light during storage were more nutritionally dense than leaves continually in the dark. The researchers say light affects the leaves' photosynthetic system, resulting in a significant increase in levels of carotenoids and vitamins C, E, K and B9 (folate).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Always when the term RAII is used, people are actually talking about deconstruction instead of initialisation... I think I have a basic understanding what it might mean but I'm not quite sure. Also: is C++ the only RAII language? What about Java or C#/.NET? or is C++/CLI not RAII anymore?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 19 down vote accepted
Resource Acquisition Is Initialization means that objects should look after themselves as a complete package and not expect other code to tell an instance "hey by the way, you're going to be cleaned up soon - please tidy up now." It does usually mean there is something meaningful in the destructor. It also means you write a class specifically to manage resources, knowing that under certain hard-to-predict circumstances, like exceptions being thrown, you can count on destructors executing.
Say you want to write some code where you're going to change the windows cursor to a wait (hourglass, donut-of-not-working, etc) cursor, do your stuff, and then change it back. And say also that "do your stuff" might throw an exception. The RAII way of doing that would be to make a class whose ctor set the cursor to wait, whose one "real" method did whatever it was you wanted done, and whose dtor set the cursor back. Resources (in this case the cursor state) are tied to the scope of an object. When you acquire the resource you initialize an object. You can count on the object getting destructed if exceptions are thrown, and that means you can count on getting to clean up the resource.
Using RAII well means you don't need finally. Of course, it relies on deterministic destruction, which you can't have in Java. You can get a sort of deterministic destruction in C# and VB.NET with using.
share|improve this answer
I think this is what you're getting at, but you might want to add that the reason why Java and C# don't support RAII is because of the garbage collector. In C++, a local object will be destroyed as soon as it goes out of scope. In Java/C# this isn't true. – Jason Baker Dec 24 '10 at 1:19
Expanding on Jasons point, the reason why Java and C# cannot guarantee timely destruction is because of the possibility of reference cycles, which means it is impossible to determine a safe order to run the destructors. Reference cycles can also happen in C++, but the implications are different - the programmer becomes responsible for determining the destruction order and doing explicit deletes. That responsibility is very often packaged up in some higher-level classes destructor - e.g. a container class is responsible for ensuring all contained items are destructed. "Ownership" is key. – Steve314 Dec 24 '10 at 5:51
_USER_ that's what I meant by "deterministic destruction" - a C++ programmer knows when the destructor will run. – Kate Gregory Dec 24 '10 at 15:40
I know this is an old answer, but I'm still somewhat confused. I just learned of the term and some info says that acquisition should happen in the constructor. That doesn't really make sense to me and this answer seems to contradict it, but could you clarify? – Per Johansson Feb 4 '12 at 20:47
_USER_ Yes, you acquire in the ctor. And you release in the dtor. I was focusing on the second point, but they go together. Once the ctor is done you know you have a valid object. And you know that no matter what happens, the resource will be released at the right time. – Kate Gregory Feb 5 '12 at 16:16
add comment
RAII is partly about deciding when an object becomes responsible for its own cleanup - the rule being that the object becomes responsible if and when its constructor initialisation completes. The symmetry of initialisation and cleanup, constructor and destructor, means the two have close ties to each other.
One point of RAII is to ensure exception safety - that the application remains self-consistent when exceptions are thrown. At first sight this is trivial - when an exception causes a scope to exit, the local variables in that scope need to be destructed.
But what happens if the exception throw occurs within a constructor?
Well, the object hasn't been fully constructed, so cannot be safely destructed. The constructor should have try blocks as needed to ensure that any necessary cleanups are done before the exception is propogated. Once the exception propogates outside the scope where the object was constructed, there will be no destructor call, because the object wasn't constructed in the first place.
Consider in particular the constructors for member data inside the object being destructed. If one of those throws an exception, your main constructor code won't run at all - but some code that forms an implicit part of that constructor will have. Any members that have been successfully constructed will be automatically destructed. Any members that were not constructed (including the one that threw the exception) aren't.
So basically, RAII is a policy that ensures that anything that gets fully constructed will get destructed in a timely way, particularly in the presence of exception throws, and that any object either gets fully constructed or it isn't (there are no half-constructed objects that you can't know how to safely clean up). Resources that are allocated are also freed. And a lot of the work is automated, so the programmer doesn't have to worry too much about it.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


The simple answer is no. Or rather, no and yes. Crapper was indeed a real person, and his story is a fascinating example of how misinformation can assume a life of its own once it appears in print.
Most of the confusion about Crapper is the fault of a New Zealand-born author named Wallace Reyburn, who wrote Flushed With Pride: The Story of Thomas Crapper in 1969. An odd semifactual biography, it falsely claimed that Crapper invented the flush toilet (in reality, the first flush-mechanism patents were issued in the mid-1770s, some 60 years before his birth) and that his work earned him a knighthood from Queen Victoria.
As the title suggests, Reyburn's book was also loaded with wordplay and toilet humor. Reyburn himself died in 2001, so we can only guess at what his intentions were; the evidence suggests he was less interested in ridiculing Crapper than in poking fun at a certain academic approach to writing about history.
To complicate matters, Reyburn later came out with a second historical biography, Bust-Up: The Uplifting Tale of Otto Titzling and the Development of the Bra. Unlike the Crapper bio, Bust-Up was pure spoof, populated by such outlandish characters as buxom opera singer Swanhilda Olafson, for whom Titzling supposedly created the first supportive undergarment in 1912; Danish assistant Hans Delving; and conniving Frenchman Phillip de Brassiere, who stole the patent rights to Titzling's invention.
Titzling was so obviously fictional, skeptics began questioning the existence of Crapper as well. To this day, many print and electronic references to Crapper insist, incorrectly, that Reyburn created him from whole cloth.
As for the real Thomas Crapper, the company he founded in 1861 is, remarkably enough, still in business. Although sold and stripped of its assets in 1966, Thomas Crapper & Co. was revived in 1998 and now manufactures authentic reproductions of Crapper's original wares, selling them over the Internet from its Stratford-upon-Avon office.
According to the firm's managing director, Simon Kirby, Crapper entered the plumbing business as a 14-year-old apprentice, retired in 1904, died on January 27, 1910, and is buried in Elmers End Cemetery in Beckenham, Kent. Primarily a manufacturer and installer, Crapper did hold at least nine fixture-related patents. But in Kirby's view, his most enduring contribution to the bathroom-fixtures industry had to do with his approach to sales.
For much of the Victorian era, plumbing fixtures were not spoken of in public, much less exposed to public view. Breaking with tradition, Crapper boldly displayed his products behind plate glass in the busy Chelsea district of London, where the sight of so much exposed, gleaming porcelain reportedly caused some onlookers to feel faint.
In other words, although Crapper didn't invent the toilet, he may well be the father of the modern plumbing-fixture showroom.
Nevertheless, it is his name — rather than any particular accomplishment — that has secured his place in history, despite the fact that "Crapper" wouldn't have seemed funny to the company's original customers.
"Crap" originated as an Old English word for grain chaff — and was later extended to include brewery dregs, residue from rendering fat, and other unpleasant waste products — but, as Kirby notes, the term fell out of use in England sometime during the 1600s.
Fortunately, however, early colonists had already transplanted it to this side of the Atlantic, where it took root and flourished. This set the stage for an etymological punch line a couple of centuries later, when American soldiers stationed in England during World War I (who would have been familiar with the word "crap" but not "crapper") found toilet fixtures emblazoned with the Crapper brand name to be indescribably funny.
Some people still think they're funny.


How to Paint Untextured Walls
Kittie McCoy
Painting an untextured wall might sound easy, but getting paint to stick to a smooth surface can be a challenge. Most drywall or plaster walls have at least a small amount of texture you can feel when you run your hand over the surface. Wall panels, however, can be perfectly smooth and even slick.
This slick surface can repel the paint and lead to an uneven texture or chips. Fortunately, you can paint an untextured wall with good results as long as you take the time to properly prepare it.
 1. Sand the walls lightly with 220-grit sandpaper. This will create a slight texture on the walls to help the paint adhere.
 2. Clean the walls with a sponge and soapy water made from a mild liquid soap and warm water. Rinse the walls with a sponge dampened in clean water and dry the walls thoroughly with a lint-free towel.
 3. Apply an alcohol-based primer to the walls with a short nap paint roller. These paint rollers are labeled as 1/8 to 1/4 inch and designed for smooth surfaces. Wait for the primer to dry.
 4. Paint the walls with an interior latex paint and a clean short nap paint roller. Wait for the first coat to dry and then apply a second coat of paint.
 5. Tip
 Apply the primer and paint to the walls in a diagonal pattern to create overlapping Ws or Ms. This will help ensure a smooth and even coat of paint.


text:
Airline food can be a lazy punchline at best, and a source of anguish for disgruntled passengers at worst. But there's actually a lot going on behind that flimsy plastic wrap. Digging deeper into the how food service works on planes turns up a lot of weird things about food served on airplanes - facts that are often more interesting than the bland cuisine itself.
So, what's up with airplane food? Why is it so tasteless and strange? And why is it such a struggle to get a good meal while traveling? There's nothing natural about eating lasagna while zipping through the stratosphere at hundreds of miles an hour, but airlines and food scientists have worked hard to make the experience as comfortable as possible. Unfortunately, for every gourmet meal served in first class, there's an airplane entree that makes passengers sick - and some have even killed people.
But don't write off airplane food just yet. Scientists have gone to insane lengths to taste-test these meals, and there's at least one website entirely dedicated to reviewing airplane food. Surprisingly, there seems to be a lot of compelling information about the food that's eaten in the sky.
Airplane food is known for being unappetizing, though that's not necessarily the fault of the cooks. It turns out that the human body has some interesting reactions to being stuck in a pressurized tube thousands of feet above the ground.
Studies have shown that low pressure can dull the tastes buds, especially when it comes to sweet and salty foods. Airplanes also keep humidity levels low, and their engines are loud - both factors that dampen one's ability to taste. These combination of factors mean that a person's taste buds are roughly 30% less sensitive in airplanes. Some airlines try to circumvent this issue by drastically increasing the levels of salt and sugar in their meals, but chances are, that burger just isn't going to taste the same.
Due to strict safety laws, every meal served on an airplane must be cooked on the ground. That means that your food is cooked, packaged, frozen, and reheated before it ever arrives at your seat. This extensive process doesn't make the food taste any better, but it's necessary; open flames are a safety hazard on an airplane.
Before the strict regulations regarding air safety were implemented, flying was a vastly different experience. Not only could you smoke during the flight, but all the food served was cooked on the plane itself. During 1950s and '60s air travel, many airlines had cooks on board to prepare meals.
Pan American commonly served food cooked in the air, but that service has been grounded for good - along with Pan Am itself.
While airplane food often looks and tastes like a microwaveable meal for one, you won't actually find a microwave on any of your flights. That's because both microwaves and conventional ovens are prohibited on planes for safety reasons. Dry-air convection ovens are the most common tool used to reheat your food on an airplane, but they aren't perfect - they tend to dry out meals.
Culinary scientists are working on ways to ensure food stays tasty after being reheated. New types of ovens are used on certain flights, and many airlines have begun steaming food to keep moisture in dishes.


text:
Prisoner with a cause
Artist and suffragette Olive Wharry became active in the Women's Social and Political Union in 1910. In March 1913, at the age of 27, she was sent to Holloway Prison for setting fire to the tea pavilion at Kew Gardens. In prison she went on hunger strike for 32 days. This photograph was taken on her release, when she weighed just over five and a half stone (36 kg).
Olive Wharry in prison
Wharry was arrested eight times between 1910 and 1914. Her militant acts were in support of the suffragette movement which fought for women's rights. Her sentences were characterised by a cycle of hunger strikes, force-feeding and release under what became known as the 'Cat and Mouse Act'.
Women at Holloway
Holloway prison opened in 1852 as the City House of Correction for men and women sentenced to short terms of imprisonment. From 1902, the prison was reserved for female prisoners. Between 1906 and 1914 hundreds of militant suffragettes were imprisoned there, many enduring hunger strikes and the torture of being force-fed. In 1970 the original Gothic-style building was demolished and replaced by a new, modern prison.
Museum number 50.82/1300


text:
Great Crested Newts
Great crested newts (GCNs) breed in many areas of open water in the Borough, both rural and urban, including ponds, lakes, canals and ditches. They spend much of their time out of water, foraging in the surrounding habitats (rough grassland, hedgerows, scrub and woodland) and sheltering and hibernating under logs, rocks etc.
The Great Crested Newt is the largest of the British newts and, in the breeding season adult males are recognisable by their jagged crest and silvery-blue and almost fluorescent stripe down the centre of the tail.
The Great Crested Newt is widespread in Europe but is threatened and in decline throughout much of its range.
Britain has probably Europe's largest population and is, therefore, very important to the continuing survival of the Great Crested Newt.
GCNs, their breeding ponds, and their places of shelter are protected in the UK under The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). GCNs are also classed as European Protected Species under the Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations 1994. Taken together, the legislation make it an offence to:
- intentionally or deliberately take, injure or kill a great crested newt (at any life stage, including eggs);
- intentionally or recklessly disturb a great crested newt;
- intentionally or recklessly damage, destroy or obstruct access to any place used for breeding, shelter or protection by a great crested newt;
- possess, sell exchange or transport a great crested newt (deal or alive), or any part of a great crested newt.
Last updated 04/10/2012
How do you rate this page?
Environmental Projects Team
Telford & Wrekin Council Development Plans & Sustainability
Address: Darby House
Tel: 01952 384384


text:
||What is SMS routing?
It is a process that is used to make decision about where an SMS should end
Messages can end up in a mobile network or at a user or an application. The
term SMS routing actually covers two areas: outbound SMS routing and inbound
SMS routing. Outbound SMS routing is used to control which mobile network is
used to send a message to a mobile handset. It is used for mobile terminated
(MT) SMS messages. Inbound SMS routing is used to control which application will
receive an SMS message sent from a mobile phone. It is used for mobile
originated (MO) SMS messages.
Routing decisions are made based on conditions, such as sender phone number,
recipient phone number, sender or recipient phone number prefix, or the content
of the message text. For example a routing decision can be based on a keyword
in the message: e.g.: if the keyword "red" is in the message route it to
destination "A" otherwise route it to destination "B".
SMS routing can only be applied if more then one mobile network connection
(or SMS service provider connection) and more then one SMS application is
available is used in a system.
||What is outbound SMS routing and
how can I use it?|
Outbound SMS routing refers to a process
that is used to decide which SMS service provider connection will be used to
send an SMS message.
Outbound SMS routing is only relevant if more then one SMS service provider
connections are available in your system and each SMS service provider
connection can be used to pass messages to the mobile network. In this case
you can setup outbound routing to achieve various goals. For example you can
configure backup SMS routing, which means
that out of two or more connections one connection will be used only for
backup purposes. Another setup could be used to route messages to the
appropriate connection based on telephone number prefix to save costs.
This is called least cost
routing. You can also use outbound
routing to do load balancing to increase
||What is inbound SMS routing and
how can I use it?|
Inbound routing is a process
that is used to decide which user or application will receive an incoming
Inbound SMS routing is only relevant if more then users or applications are
configured in your system. In this case you can setup inbound routing rules
to define which user or application will receive a copy of the incoming SMS
Inbound routing decisions can be based on sender and recipient phone number
(or phone number prefix) or message content and if you have more then one
service provider connection then, the connection itself can also be used as
the base for decision making.
Inbound routing decisions can be configured in the inbound routing table of an
SMS gateway application.
||How can I send SMS messages reliably
to different global destinations?|
You should setup several SMS service provider connections, and you should
configure backup routing.
When you use multiple service provider connections, each connection has a name.
In the routing table you can refer to this name when you create outbound routes.
Outbound routes determine which connection will be used to send a particular
If you want to increase reliability, you need at least two service provider
For example one can be an IP SMS connection and another can be a GSM
modem connection. To configure the GSM modem connection as the backup connection
for the IP SMS connection, you need to configuring the name of the IP SMS
connection as backedup connection in the routing
rule of the GSM modem connection in the outbound SMS routing table.
Backup SMS routing will
make sure, that if the IP SMS connection stops functioning, the GSM modem
connection will take over and your messages will be sent.
||Is there any way I can tell if an
incoming SMS message is a reply to my previously sent SMS?|
The SMS technology does not provide any way to check if an incoming message is
a reply to a previously sent SMS or not. All you can do is put some identifier
into the message text itself, or rely on the timestamp of the sent and received
messages to do the matching. Of course this matching will probably not be
In most cases keywords are used to distinguish between incoming messages. If you
tell your mobile user to include a certain keyword in the messages text and you
a proper inbound route, with this keyword in Condition #3 (message text), you can
have some clue on which message was replied to. Of course this solution suggests
that the user will include the appropriate keyword in the response SMS.
||Can I change message parameters
You can modify telephone numbers and the message content itself during routing.
This is useful if you want to add certain telephone number prefixes or postfixes
to a number, or you would like to extend the message text with an advertisement.
||How can I reject certain messages
starting with a specified telephone number prefix?|
You have to configure the outbound routing table.
If you want to prevent your customers to send messages to certain destinations,
you have to setup a "dummy service provider connection". For this purpose an
HTTP server SMS service provider connection
is a good choice.
After this connection is setup, you should add a new rule to the outbound
routing table, that will route messages with the defined prefix to this dummy
service provider connection. This way messages, that are destined for the defined
destination, will not go to your normal SMS service provider connection. Instead
they will be routed to this dummy connection and they will be dropped.
To specify the prefix, when you create the new rule in the outbound routing
table, you should define Condition 2 (Recipient phone number). This condition
should match be a regular expression, that matches your telephone number
prefix. For example if you wish to prevent messages to be sent to prefix 123,
put the following pattern into the field:
||How can I change the recipient field
to a fixed mobile number so all texts submitted go to that mobile?
You need to create a route in the outbound
routing table, and you need to define a replace condition for the recipient.
The outbound routing table allows you to modify message content and telephone
numbers on the fly. When you create an outbound route, you can define conditions
for sender, receiver and message text. In the condition field, you can put
a replacement rule, that will be applied to the SMS message, that matches the
given pattern. Information on replacement and content manipulation can be found
in the SMS content modification during routing
To replace the recipient number of each SMS to a specific number (e.g:
to +123456), you should enter the following replacement pattern into Condition
#2 when you create the outbound routing rule: s/^.*/[+]123456/
Is there a way to define outbound
rules by phone ranges. I want to route a certain prefix to a certain carrier,
is this possible?
Yes. You can define phone number prefixes and any other matching pattern
in the outbound routing table using regular expressions.
You can define a regular expression for both sender and recipient phone numbers
in the routing condition. I suspect, that you would like to route outgoing
messages based on recipient phone number prefix. In this case you should put
the following regular expression into "condition 2" when you define an outbound
Note that the condition is surrounded by slashes (/). This tells the Ozeki
software to treat the condition as a regular expression. The first character ^
that the matching should start on the first character. [+] means that the
phone number starts with a + sign and 3620 means that the phone number starts
with +3620. Note that the.* wildchar means that any phone number can follow.


text:
Built-up areas representation on topographic map
Content rules of topographic maps
Digital topographic map and its requirements
Growth representation on topographic maps
Hydrography representation on topographic map
Object representation on topographic map
Principles of digital topographic map classification
Programs for working with raster maps
Road representation on topographic map
Soil representation on topographic map
The notion of a map
The process of digital topographic maps creation
Growth representation on topographic maps
Main groups of growth
While representing growth on topographic maps it is divided in the following groups: woody (woods, groves, separate trees), and shrubby; subshrubby, grassy, mossy, and lichen; artificial plantings (gardens, parks, plantations). A complex of trees with the height more than 4 meter and crown density more than 0,2 (crown density – is ratio of crowns square project of all trees of some territory to square of the territory) is a wood. A complex of trees with crown density less than 0,2 is called sparse growth of trees.
Wood structure is defined by the quantity of trees of various wood species in total number of trunks, showed in per cents. Wood where no less than 80 per cents of trees belong to one type is called pure wood. The rest 20 per cents of trees are called admixtures. According to the species woods are divided into conifers, deciduous, and mixed. Species composition influences on height, thickness and crown density. Wood's age, trees' height and thickness are interrelated.
Approximate division of forests according to the age, height and thickness is given in the table №1. Tree thickness is usually measured at men's chest.
|Wood age||Tree height, m||Tree thickness, cm|
|old||more than 10||more than 20|
According to the shape, the following types of trees are distinguished: those, which do not have underbrush and many-tiered one where trees' and shrubs' crowns form two, tree or more tiers. Wood's density is characterized by average distance between trees and crown density (table №2).
|Wood density||Average distance between trees, m||Crown density|
|dense||less than 4||more than 0,5|
|sparse growth of trees||more than 9||less than 0,2|
Shrubs are woody plants with the height up to 4 meters. It has a lot of stems, growing from the root. Species structure, height and thickness are the main characteristics of the shrubs. Undersized shrubs with the height up to 0,8 meters are called shrubs. They usually grow in flat and mountain tundra (polar birch, polar willow, blueberry, heather, wild rosemary, etc.), and also in marshes (bilberry, cowberry).
According to the place of vegetation grassy growth is divided into meadowy and steppe, according to the height – short(less than 1 meter) and tall (more than 1 meter). Mossy and lichen growth grows in tundra region, but can be also found in marshes, woods, edges of a mountain (mountain tundra). In tundra moss usually grow in low and humid places, lichen – high and dry places.
To culture growth belong numerous artificial plantings and crops of cultural plants (orchards, citrus fruits plantations, mulberries, fruit-trees, vineyards, plantations of tea, crops of field and garden cultures).
Peculiarities of growth representation on topographic maps
All types of growth in some definite way influence on locality passage conditions out of roads for wheeled and caterpillar cars, on camouflage conditions from land and air outlook.
Wood with square of 10 square meters and more in woody region and 4 square meters in densely populated region are represented on topographic maps in green color.
Undersized woods, young growth, woody pinetum with square of 10 square meters and more are represented on topographic map by means of special conventional sighs of green color, but of more light tone. Areas of thin, cutting down, burnt and deadwood woods, situated among woodland are represented by means of special conventional signs without painting when its square is 25 square meters or more in the map scale, and situated in stretch of open country and being reference points even of lesser square.
Wind-fallen trees – regions in forest situated among woodland where more than half of trees felt with square 25 square meters and with square 10 square meters in stretch of open country are represented on topographic map by means of tint color. Area where less than a half trees felt and wood in this area is difficult to traverse is represented with the sign of wind-fallen trees (lines).
Separate standing trees that have reference significance are represented on topographic maps by means of special conventional signs with division into: conifers and deciduous.
Undersized woods, young growth, woody pinetum while representing on topographic map are divided into conifers, deciduous and mixed. The dominating species are represented with special shorten signs, but if there is no specially accepted sign, the name of species is fully written.
While representing mixed wood, two main species are indicated, besides, the most important is written first.
Average height of trees in meters, average trunks' thickness measured at men's chest, average distance between trees is the characteristics of wood. While representing undersized woods, young growth, and woody pinetum with square 10 square meters and more in map scale only average height of trees is given; if trees have height less than 1 meter it is given in a fraction of a meter. Woodlands' characteristics (wind-fallen trees, water-logged areas, felling) are represented in combination of corresponding conventional signs.
Cuttings are usually represented on topographic maps. Cutting with width 20 meters and more, 40 meters and more, 60 meters and more on topographic maps 1:25 000, 1:50 000, 1:100 000 correspondingly are represented by means of two thin broken lines in accordance to its real width in topographic map scale. Cutting representation is accompanied by width sign. Numbers of woody quarters, indicated on quarter posts, placed at roads crossings are to facilitate orientation in wood.
Shrubs while representing on topographic map are divided into dense bush or groups of bushes or just separate bushes. Dense bushes of chaparral, dense bushes and separate bushes of elfin wood and haloxylon, narrow shrub lines and hedges are represented by means of special conventional signs.
Dense bushes of shrubs are represented by means of conventional signs of background light green stain. Its representation is accompanied by sign of species (conifers, deciduous, mixed) and average shrub height. Separate bushes that have reference significance are represented by means of circle that corresponds to its real position. Narrow shrub lines, hedges are represented if they are situated along roads, rivers, canals, ditches or when they have reference significance.
Grassy growth while representing on topographic map is divided into meadowy, low and high (more than 1 meter) and steppe grass. Cany and reedy bushes are represented on topographic map by means of special conventional signs. Shrubby growth (blueberry, cowberry, heather, wild rosemary) are represented only on topographic maps with scale 1:25 000. Mossy and lichen growth is represented on topographic maps with scale 1:25 000 by means of special conventional signs, on topographic maps with scale 1:50 000 – 1:100 000 by means of some common conventional sign.
Areas of grassy, shrubby, mossy, lichen growth are represented on topographic map with scale 1:25 000 if its square is 25 square meters or more in map scale. Separate areas of such growth are represented if they have reference significance and square 10 square meters or more. Areas of non swamped meadows and steppe grassy growth are represented on topographic maps with scale 1:50 000 – 1:100 000, only when depicting locality with small amount of contours.
Separate areas of cany and reedy bushes, damp areas of meadows, waterlogged areas without growth which have reference significance or essential while characterizing locality are represented on topographic map by means of contours. Steppe (grassy) and subshrubby growth in mountains are represented only on topographic map with scale 1:25 000.
Orchards, citrus fruit gardens and trees plantations are represented on topographic map by means of contours out of built-up areas. Vineyards, berry gardens and shrubby plantations (tea, roses, etc.) are represented on topographic map by means of contour when its square is 25 square meter or more in map scale. Grassy industrial crops plantations (hop, rice, etc.) that are always very damp are represented on topographic maps when its square is 25 square meter or more in map scale. Representation of grassy industrial crops plantations with square more than 1 square centimeter is accompanied by the sign (hop, rose, etc.).


text:
Reflecting on peace practice II
Venue and dates: Barcelona – From 10 to 14 October, 2016
Reflecting on peace practice (RPP) II Training course systems approaches in peacebuilding
Reflecting on Peace Practice (RPP) II is an intensive 5-day advanced course focused on systems approaches to conflict analysis and peacebuilding strategy. This includes an introduction to systems thinking, practicing conflict analysis from a systems perspective, identifying points of leverage to create change in a conflict system, and entry points for programmatic strategies for intervention.
The workshop is very interactive, with many opportunities to practice the application of RPP tools from a systems point of view.
This course will address the following questions:
- Why is a systemic approach to conflict analysis and peacebuilding strategy design important?
- What should we work on to have the most impact on peace and conflict in a given context?
- What are points of leverage in the given situation? How can we best intervene in a conflict system?
- With whom should we work? Which actors and stakeholders are most important?
- What is the rationale for our chosen approach – and is it valid in the context?
Participants will be better prepared to:
1. Apply systems approaches and tools in conflict analysis processes.
2. Develop leverage points for change and entry points for programming based on systems analysis.
3. Obtain confidence in using systems approaches to conflict analysis and peacebuilding strategy and program design in support of peers and partners.
The Barcelona International Peace Resource Center (BIPRC) jointly with CDA Collaborative Learning Projects (CDA)


text:
Chocolate Makes Snails Smarter
Posted on October 01, 2012 at 02:01:32 pm
Despite his misgivings, Lukowiak and Fruson decided to concentrate on a group of compounds -- the flavonoids -- found in a wide range of'superfoods' including chocolate and green tea, focusing on one particular flavonoid, epicatechin (epi). However, figuring out how a single component of chocolate might improve human memory is almost impossible -- too many external factors influence memory formation -- so Lukowiak turned to his favourite animal, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to find out whether the dark chocolate flavonoid could improve their memories.
They recently published their discovery that epi improves the length and strength of snail memories in The Journal of Experimental Biology.
-ADVERTISEMENT-According to Lukowiak, the molluscs can be trained to remember a simple activity: to keep their breathing tubes (pneumostomes) closed when immersed in deoxygenated water. He explains that pond snails usually breathe through their skins, but when oxygen levels fall, they extend the breathing tube above the surface to supplement the oxygen supply. However, the snails can be trained to remember to keep the breathing tube closed in deoxygenated water by gently tapping it when they try to open it, and the strength of the memory depends on the training regime.
First, Fruson identified an epi concentration -- 15 mg m1 pond water -- that didn't affect the snails' behaviour; 'We have to be sure that we're not looking at wired animals', chuckles Lukowiak. Then, the duo tested the molluscs' memories. Explaining that a half-hour training session in deoxygenated water allows the snails to form intermediate-term memories (lasting less than 3 h) but not long-term memories (lasting 24 h or more), Fruson and Lukowiak wondered whether epi would improve the snail's memories, allowing them to form long-term memories after shorter memory training. Amazingly, when Fruson plunged the molluscs into deoxygenated water to tested their memories a day later, they remembered to keep their breathing tubes closed. And when the duo provided the snails with two training sessions, the animals were able to remember to keep their breathing tubes shut more than 3 days later. Epi had boosted the molluscs' memories and extended the duration, but how strong were the epi-memories?
Lukowiak explains that memories can be overwritten by another memory in a process called extinction. However, the original memory is not forgotten and if the additional memory is stored weakly, it can be lost and the original memory restored. So, Fruson and Lukowiak decided to find out how strong the epi-boosted memory was by trying to extinguish it. Having trained the snails, the duo then tried to replace it with a memory where the snails could open their breathing tubes. However, instead of learning the new memory, the epi-trained snails stubbornly kept their breathing tubes shut. The epi-memory was too strong to be extinguished.
The duo also found that instead of requiring a sensory organ to consolidate the snails' memories -- like their memories of predators triggered by smell -- epi directly affects the neurons that store the memory. So, Lukowiak is keen to look directly at the effect that epi has on memory neurons and adds that the cognitive effects of half a bar of dark chocolate could even help your grades: good news for chocoholics the world over.


text:
The Reckoning of Time
The Reckoning of Time (Latin: De temporum ratione) is an Anglo-Saxon era treatise written in Latin by the Northumbrian monk Bede in 725. The treatise includes an introduction to the traditional ancient and medieval view of the cosmos, including an explanation of how the spherical earth influenced the changing length of daylight, of how the seasonal motion of the Sun and Moon influenced the changing appearance of the New moon at evening twilight, and a quantitative relation between the changes of the tides at a given place and the daily motion of the moon.
The Reckoning of Time describes a variety of ancient calendars, including the Anglo-Saxon calendar. The focus of De temporum ratione was calculation of the date of Easter, for which Bede described the method developed by Dionysius Exiguus. De temporum ratione also gave instructions for calculating the date of the Easter full moon, for calculating the motion of the Sun and Moon through the zodiac, and for many other calculations related to the calendar.
See also
- Wallis (2004:82-85;307-312).
- Chapter XV, De mensibus Anglorum.
- Jones, Charles W., ed. De temporum ratione, in Bedae opera didascalia 2, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, 123B, Turnhout: Brepols, 1997. ISBN 978-2-503-01235-3
- Jones, Charles W., ed. De temporum ratione, in Bedae opera de temporibus, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America, 1943.
- Wallis, Faith, trans. Bede: The Reckoning of Time, Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Pr., 1999/2004. ISBN 0-85323-693-3.
|This history of science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
Welcome to PicksGroup's PRCA Live.
The PicksGroup's PRCA Live (asset management) course looks at how we proactively investigate:
An incident, accident or near miss – all unwanted events
Methods and techniques for proactive investigating or assessing
Safety and risk models from around the world and the impact of human factors
Proactive maintenance, compliance, safety processes or systems and workplace barriers
Reviewing and understanding impacts of outcomes and benefits of knowledge retention programs
PRCA Live focuses on the opportunities to learn from near misses and the tangible benefits of continuous improvement.
PRCA Live encourages a combination of root cause analysis, continuous improvement, knowledge retention programs and interactive online course development, to reduce unwanted events at each level of an organisation.
Using communication and industry participation when creating timelines to identify near miss and potential hazards that may cause an injury, incident, financial loss, property damage or have negative reputational impacts.
PRCA Live collectively creates a strategy to ensure issue elimination and effective root cause corrective actions.
The system grows within an organisation and is driven by people, legislation, compliance and needs, not by theory and methodology alone.
A continual or continuous improvement program (CIP) is a planed ongoing process to improve products, services, or processes. These programs and process usually look at achieving:
- Small improvements over time.
- Large immediate improvements that may positively impact a business or process.
- Industry or business "ground-breaking" improvements that could change the way you and your organisation operate or even setting a new industry standard.
Some see CIPs as a given-process for management systems such as:
Business process management
- Asset Management
- Facility Management
- Safety management
- Quality management
- Project management
- Select tools and systems that clearly define roles, responsibilities and accountability.
- Make it available to all stakeholders. It is everyone's responsibility to manage their own assigned task.
- Train users – people won't use what they don't understand.
- Before we make a decision we need to be sure that our actions will not negatively impact the safety of people or create risk to the business.
- Consulting with stakeholders at different levels throughout an organisation with help you see a clearer, long term picture.
- Consultation will improve your services and create better relationships with your customers.
- Consultation will help streamline your business and cut down on waste. In turn this will save money.
- You have held industry consultation sessions and have information that will help you make an informed decision.
- Consider if you need to report any observations you may have made during consultation.
- Consider who you would report this to and how you will do this.
- Consider the impact of the information you need to report – what is the likelihood of financial or reputational damage?
- Consider privacy rules, company policy and legislation.
- Based on information gained through either reporting or consultation you will conduct an investigation aimed at highlighting root causes.
- Use your PRCA Live investigation pack and consider every resource you have.
- Whether this is a proactive or reactive investigation, the goal is to eliminate or mitigate future risk to people, property, environment or business.
- Use your PRCA Live tools to ensure both short and long term controls are put in place and corrective actions are carried out.
- Remember that a hazard, potential or a realised risk remains just that until you apply a corrective action. Don't wait for the investigation to be complete, if you can eliminate or mitigate a hazard or risk. If it is safe to do so, apply a corrective action as soon as possible.
- Record your outcomes and results, deliver them to the relevant stakeholders within your organisation and industry.
- Revisit outcomes, control measures and learnings.
- Knowledge retention programs and gap analysis will substantially reduce costs and help ensure compliance.


Doug Hebert
Depelchin Children's Center
Grant Awarded: $30,000
In the US, thousands of children are removed from their biological families or guardians each year due to child abuse, neglect or other factors. Without permanent adoptive homes, these children will remain in foster care until they reach adulthood.
Doug Hebert, Design Director of Savage Design Group Inc, was lucky enough to be adopted into a loving home when he was just a month old. His awareness of the plight of those less fortunate has been with him all his life and prompted his involvement with DePelchin Children's Center, an organization committed to finding safe and loving homes for children.
When it came to designing the introductory packet and orientation material for prequalified, proactive parents, Doug saw the opportunity to highlight the long-term rewards of adoption by showing what it meant to the children themselves.
As a result, the book, the book is all about hope and the positive impact that 'family' can have in a child's life. Featuring important information on the DePelchin process, statistics and figures regarding adoption. It tells the story of youth lost and then found; a backdrop of the harsh realities shared by all the children, and the promise of a better tomorrow that adoption offers.


text:
Name: Patricia A Marengo
Why does the Sun burn if there is no oxygen in space?
The Sun 'burns' nuclear fuel that does not need oxygen. Nuclear energy
comes in two forms: fission in which heavy elements are broken down into
lighter ones; and fusion in which light elements are 'fused' together to
make heavier elements. Stars 'burn' by nuclear fusion.


Fabric classification and characteristics -1
The modeling characteristics of the fabric
1. Soft fabric
The soft fabric is generally relatively light and light, with a good sense of draping, smooth modeling lines and natural stretch of the garment contour. The soft fabrics mainly include knitted fabrics, silk fabrics and soft and thin linen fabrics. The soft knitted fabric often adopts linear and concise shape to reflect the graceful curve of human body. Silk, hemp yarn and other fabrics are more loose and pleated effect of the shape, the expression of the flow of fabric lines.
2. Nice fabric
Crisp fabric with clear lines and a sense of volume can form a full silhouette. Common cotton, polyester, corduroy, linen and a variety of thick wool and chemical fiber fabrics, such as this type of fabric can be used to highlight the accuracy of clothing modeling design, such as the design of suits, suits.
3. Glossy fabric
The surface of the glossy fabric is smooth and can reflect the light, which has the feeling of shining. This type of fabric includes fabrics of satin texture. Most often used in evening gowns or stage costumes to produce a strong visual effect of flamboyance. The modelling freedom of burnish fabric is very wide in the performance of formal dress, can have concise design or relatively exaggerated modelling way.
4. Heavy duty fabric
Thick and heavy fabrics, including all kinds of thick woolen fabric and quilted fabric, can produce a stable shape effect. Its fabrics has the body to expand the feeling, unfavorable excessive use pleat and accumulation, in the design with A model and H model modelling most appropriate.
5. Transparent fabric
Transparent fabric is thin and transparent, with elegant and mysterious artistic effect. Including cotton, silk, chemical fiber fabrics, such as georgette, sateen silk, chemical fiber lace, etc. In order to express the transparency of the fabric, natural lines are often used, rich in varied H and round table design.
source: _URL_


Using the File Library
Every image, document, video and audio file that is uploaded onto your intranet is stored in the file library. Your role and permissions will determine how many of those files you can view and access.
For the majority of users with publishing powers, you can only view the files you have uploaded and the files uploaded to the sections you're in.
For webmasters as well as global publishers and section managers, you can view and manage every file ever uploaded.
Media library displayed with My files tab selected and filter options available
Relevant roles
 - Webmaster
 - Section manager
 - Publisher
 - Editor
 - Author
Files in Administration
As part of the set up, webmasters can choose which file extensions they will allow users to upload for the four supported file types.
1. Go to 'Administration' from the workbar
2. Find heading 'global settings' and the sub-heading 'security'
3. Select 'File types'
4. Check the boxes in each category for the files users can upload
5. Select 'Save'
List of file types which can be chosen to be allowed to be uploaded by selecting a checkbox
File library when creating an item
Publishers need to add images, attachments and other files such as audio and video to enhance the content they're creating.
There are two ways to do this in Invotra.
More obviously, publishers will see 'Add image' and 'Add attachment' when they are going through the steps of creating an item and app post.
1. Select 'Create', 'Item' and the item you are going to create
2. Add title, summary, body, relationship, etc.
3. Select 'UPLOAD FILE ' and choose the file or media from your local drive
Upload file link
4. Or drag and drop your file, which must be less than 40 MB as instructed
Add file options to upload file or drop file
Adding an image that is not in the file library:
1. The name of your file will automatically populate, override this to make it search friendly
2. In describe your image, write for users of assistive technology to improve their experience of your content
3. Add title text if you want a label to appear when a user hovers over your image
4. Select 'Continue'
Image upload with fields to add name, description and title text
Adding an image from the file library:
1. Select 'Add image'
2. In the tabs at the top of the file library, select 'Files'
3. If you uploaded the image previously, select 'My files'
4. Search by name, file type, or use sorts and ordering
5. Select the file you want and it will highlight orange
6. Select 'Continue'
FIle upload screen showing my files previously uploaded and image selected
These same steps can be followed for attachments, which will default to document file types.
When you are in the file library you can search within the four file types using the appropriate field.
Files added in the 'Image' and 'Attachment' areas when you are creating an item will appear in the image and attachment widgets.
To add an image within the body of your content, you must do so using the 'Add file' icon in the WYSIWYG editor.
Adding a file with the WYSIWYG editor
1. Locate and select the 'Add file' icon
Wysiwyg editor file icon for item description
2. In the file library select the tab you need from Upload, Files, My files and One Drive
3. Select file you want and then 'Continue'
4. Your file will be added into your body copy where your cursor was when you selected 'Add file' in the WYSIWYG editor
5. How it appears will depend on the file type
6. To alter an image, right click and edit the image's size, border, hyperlink, etc.
7. To edit a document or audio file, use heading style, colouring, etc. to make the file stand out for the user
Leave a Reply