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I am trying to write an array (data = [][]) to a worksheet I will create using xlwt. My question is can I specify a column to start from? I am planning to use a for loop to iterate through the array retrieving the values row by row starting a new line with each row ex: first row starts at C1, next row starts at C2 etc... I have read the documentation and examples but cannot find a clear way to do this. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
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Insert two blank cells at the front of each row? – Thomas K Jun 21 '11 at 20:59
The examples are included in the documentation if one knows where to look... Also typing the first '(' will often give a description of the parameters a method accepts and what they do – Corey Jul 13 '11 at 14:07
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Something like:
wb = xlwt.Workbook()
ws = wb.add_sheet('Sheet1')
for r, row in enumerate(data):
 for c, col in enumerate(row):
 ws.write(r, 2 + c, label=col)
share|improve this answer
Thanks! worked great – Corey Jun 22 '11 at 12:31
Your Answer


What's the audit scheduler?
One great feature within audIT.app is the ability to schedule an audit, but what exactly does this mean?
Part of the Standard is that you need to:
 1. Risk assess how often you do the audits
 2. Schedule the dates in advance
The audIT.app will automatically do the risk assessment for you (this happens on a monthly basis), so this covers item 1.
audIT.app schedules your audits based on the outcome of the risk assessment – so you can show the auditor the dates are set in advance.
When the audit date is due audIT.app then emails the auditor to remind them they need to complete an audit.
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Runtime Error 217 Fix
To fix runtime error 217, you should understand the concept of Runtime error 217 and identify the causes of it firstly. What is Runtime error 217?
What Causes Runtime Error 217
There are many causes of runtime error 217, some of which will be displayed below:
- One of the causes that makes the runtime error 217 appear is one or more DLL files fail to register when you install an application. Incorrect DLL's after a program has been installed is one of the most common causes of runtime error 217.
- Another cause is a file called Msvcrt.dll (a Microsoft Visual C++ file) is outdated
- Another cause of the runtime error 217 is incorrect regional settings.
- An outdated Stdole32.dll is one of the causes of runtime error 217.
- Viruses can also cause this error
- Incorrect registry entries and even damaged ones can cause the runtime error 217 to occur, also.
To get rid of runtime error 217, you need to have a registry cleaner. Go grab a Registry Cleaner before get thwarted with your computer.
What is a Registry Cleaner? How does it work? This is the best and effective way to remove and get rid run time error and get your personal computer run efficiently and smoothly again. Remember that a Registry Cleaner is not a solution to all problems to your computer but if you are solving registry problems, this is the perfect and ideal solution to your computer's function issues.
To solve runtime error 217,You need to follow the steps below:
Click the "Scan" button.
Click the 'Fix Errors' Button to Repair Your PC!
Posted in Fix Run Time Error

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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If you are embarking on deep arse play, for example; 'fisting' or 'anal intercourse' then you may want to douche beforehand to ensure that you are clean from faeces and to enable you to relax due to not having any unwanted surprises.
A 'douche' is an apparatus that you can purchase from a chemist or an adult sex shop that fills with water and it has a cylinder type object that is inserted through the sphincters and into the rectum which enables you to squirt water inside in the aim of cleaning out waste products. Other type of douches include hoses that fit on to a tap and the other end into your anus.
The first thing to remember – only ever use plain, clean water – preferably body temperature. You do not need antiseptics or disinfectants or anything else in a douche, as they all irritate the lining of the arse and can make the arse unhealthy.
Also it is NOT recommended to use the douches that attach to the shower or a tap, for a number of reasons (variable water pressure, you can't control the amount of water that goes in, difficult to keep clean). If you do want to douche then use the small bulb douche (some men use these to squirt lube inside their rectum) or the gravity fed bags.
Start by using lube to help with the insertion of the douche:
- Hoses or nozzles have no sharp edges
- Douching involves introducing water into the anal canal and lower rectum
- Use only plain water
- Regular use of douching for constipation is not a good idea.
- Don't use chemicals – soaps – or perfumes when douching
- Feeling of cleanliness – helps to relax – not worried about encountering any poo surprises
- There are several douching implements available on the market – your local chemist or adult bookstore will have a range available for you to choose from.
- The bulb style is recommended – small amount of water.
- Permanently plumbed (to your shower) douching equipment are also available
- Low water pressure and monitoring water temperature is very important.
- Warm or body temperature water.
- Using small amounts of water rather than continuously flowing water is preferable.
- Having a high fibre diet & supplementing your diet with live cultures such as acidophilus bifidus found in good yogurt products is also recommended.
- Maintaining good anorectal health will make douching much easier & quicker
Over-douching can wash out all of the anal mucus therefore drying out the anus, in-turn making any insertion more painful due to causing 'grabbing' and increasing the risk of condom breakage.
Alternative to douching:
- If douching makes you uncomfortable – don't do it!
- A high fibre diet – good anorectal health, combined with inserting your finger in your anus while showering, – can provide perfectly adequate cleanliness for most anal stimulation or activity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Publications Events Blogs
A Roadmap for Revising an Equity Compensation Plan
Publisher: Day Pitney Alert
June 6, 2011
Day Pitney Author(s) Warren J. Casey
Now that proxy season is over, it is advisable to consider whether your current equity compensation plan will need to be amended or replaced and submitted for shareholder approval at next year's annual meeting. If the equity compensation plan will expire or will require additional shares, award types or changes to the eligible participants, now is the appropriate time to develop a strategy for successful implementation of a new or revised plan.
A Good Beginning Makes a Good Ending: Create a Timeline and a Team
Work backward from the date of the next annual shareholders' meeting, and create a timeline to track key deliverables. Beginning the process as early as 11 months before the next shareholders' meeting is advisable.
A detailed timeline, however, is only as effective as the team that will be working on the deliverables. It is important to assemble a team with representatives from Human Resources, Investor Relations and Legal. Also consider whether a compensation consultant, a proxy solicitor or outside counsel should participate in the process. Note that modeling assumptions can change significantly as plan details develop, and therefore be mindful of the point in the process where it is appropriate to include the Compensation Committee in the discussion.
Ensure that the team understands all exchange listing and shareholder approval requirements from the outset. For example, if the equity compensation plan is intended to qualify for a performance-based exception to Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), only performance goals included in the shareholder-approved compensation plan can be used. Understanding this requirement may lead to drafting a more exhaustive list of possible performance goals.
Starting the process early with the right team in place will increase the likelihood of success. Understanding the requirements leads to informed drafting, which results in an equity compensation plan that is easier to sell to shareholders.
The Lay of the Land: Determine Who Your Investors Are and What They Want
The equity compensation plan needs to balance the company's equity granting practices with the current trends and governance standards. Given that standards vary among shareholders, it is important to understand the company's shareholder base from the outset of the process. For example, what influence do ISS or other advisory firms have on your own institutional shareholder vote?
Many institutional investors consider ISS recommendations, which means the company should be prepared for ISS's burn rate and dilution calculations. The "burn rate" is based on the company's use of equity compensation. ISS compares a company's three-year average burn rate to an industry-specific cap. "Dilution" considers the overall cost of the plan based on the amount of shareholder equity transferred from the company to its employees and directors. The company may want to consider conducting its own modeling before incurring the cost of an ISS-generated analysis.
Regardless of who your investors are, certain practices and provisions should be avoided or amended to correspond with current governance trends. For example, the company should not be able to reprice options without shareholder approval. You should also consider the alignment between CEO compensation and company performance based on the analysis ISS conducts of companies with low "total shareholder returns." Also, companies should understand that ISS is likely to vote against an equity compensation plan with a "liberal change in control definition," which in effect provides for accelerated vesting of awards even though an actual change in control may not occur.
Again, the drafting team should consider what is important to the company's investors. Many of the company's large institutional shareholders may have their own requirements for equity plans (e.g., burn rate, dilution, plan terms), so it is important to understand and consider those policies. Where appropriate, the Investor Relations team may seek feedback from shareholders regarding any concerns about compensation practices, run rate, dilution or past stock plans. Understanding how the company has been viewed can help the team draft the type of plan shareholders are willing to accept.
The Devil Is in the Details: Decide on Structure and Terms
Determine how many shares the company needs and how long the share reserve should last. Unlike in the past, shares available under equity compensation plans generally are no longer expected to last five or more years. The trend is to submit equity plans to shareholders every two or three years for the approval of more shares. The ultimate decision about the number of shares requested in the plan will need to satisfy the company's needs while ensuring that dilution levels and run rates do not alienate shareholders, resulting in a negative vote.
The company also will need to determine what type of share reserve structure best suits its needs. Under an omnibus or traditional share reserve structure, a grant of one award unit would reduce the number of shares available under the plan by one share, regardless of whether the award that was granted was a "full-value" award (e.g., restricted stock) or an option or stock appreciation right (SAR). While this approach is flexible and easier to administer, ISS will value every share available under the plan as a full-value award which is likely to make the plan too costly to gain ISS support.
Under a bifurcated or share limit share reserve structure, a company would limit the maximum number of shares that could be issued as full-value awards. Depending on the number of full-value shares reserved, this approach may help a plan pass muster with ISS. However, a company that fails to accurately estimate the needed number of full-value awards could deplete its reserve too quickly and be forced to seek shareholder approval for additional full-value awards or readjust its internal approach to equity compensation.
Under a flexible or fungible share reserve, full-value awards are counted against the total number of shares reserved under the plan at a higher multiple than options or SARs (e.g., each share of restricted stock under the plan may reduce the number of shares available under the plan by 2 shares or, alternatively, each option may reduce that number of shares available under the plan by 0.5 shares). Though more challenging to initially develop and to administer over time, this structure provides the flexibility of having unlimited access to the full range of equity awards within the overall share limitation.
If a company uses a flexible/fungible share reserve structure, it should consider prohibiting certain types of share recycling in the plan to avoid ISS valuing every share in the plan as a full-value award for purposes of its cost analysis. Many practitioners believe a prohibition against share recycling, or liberal share counting, means that any shares used to satisfy tax withholding requirements or tendered in payment of an option's or an SAR's exercise price cannot be returned to the share reserve. However, this interpretation may be too strong of a prohibition against the return of shares to an equity plan, as shares tendered to satisfy tax withholdings for full-value awards like restricted stock should be returnable to a flexible/fungible share reserve because reissuance of the shares as a new full-value award will not increase the overall cost of the plan. Meanwhile, options or SARs withheld for taxes or tendered in payment of the exercise price should not be returnable to a flexible/fungible share reserve (as reissuance of those shares as a new full-value award would increase the cost of the plan).
The ultimate goal is to make the equity compensation plan as permissive and flexible as possible. Though the company will need to present the plan to shareholders as additional shares are needed, if the plan is thoughtfully crafted, the substantive terms should not need to be revised.
It's Only the Seventh-Inning Stretch: Finish the Plan and Move On to the Proxy
Shareholders need a reason to vote in favor of the company's equity compensation plan. The team may have carefully drafted the plan, but now shareholders need to understand its merits. Use the proxy to convey the company's message. High dilution or a high burn rate cannot always be corrected in the short term - regardless of how thoughtfully an equity compensation plan was designed. A clear (and plain English) message explaining the issues and what the company is doing to rectify them may help the company overcome these types of obstacles.
Even after the proxy is filed, there is still more work to be done. Just as the team was involved in the details of drafting the actual equity compensation plan, the group should participate in creating the talking points used by Investor Relations and senior management when discussing the plan. Consider whether supplemental solicitation materials are necessary.


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Developing An incentive travel reward takes a and work to ensure outcomes are produced by it. A business should determine what company objectives should be achieved through the use of this form of program. Having a premise of what is going to be accomplished makes it easier pick a destination that is motivating and to set milestones that are reachable. This assumption permits a business to select on an itinerary that is for boosting the motivation fit. Travel packages are implemented to support prices, intensify soul, promote a product, maintain agents, or for developing a customer base that was dependable as a method. 1 program does understand each difficulty. Necessities ought to be written to deal with the earnest ones from the beginning. An incentive could target employees, clients, or a business zone to be used to reach the outcomes.
Incentive Travel: Tips for Setting Reward Objectives
The set When starting to frame an incentive travel program Destinations need to be a goal. Excursion packages are equipped for providing the outcome that is anticipated once the accomplishments that are very important are known and understood. Turning it and taking a issue makes an adequate approach to resolving problems that are authoritative. A problem can include these among other scenarios:
The As a provider picks what will be achieved through an program, the path will be managed by Qualities of practical points. Department or A company must stay focused on what is make points that are fundamental using a reason and to be achieved. All goals has to be connected for participants to in petition to understand what must be completed. Objectives should be achieved to ensure an incentive travel program. An objective that is uncertain can seem to be a notion that is fantastic. An organized arrangement of goals must be:
- Timed Appropriately
- In Line With Company Goals
The way to An honor has to be quantifiable in petition encourage involvement and to create the process reasonable. Travel grants create a situation loaded with quantifiable progress and competition is the perfect way to produce this productivity. Grants should be quantifiable to create consumers understand what they have to do to get the incentive. Placing a certain number of new client sign or a deal objective on is not reasonable for participants. The motive must match what is reasonably workable for a program to be powerful and the period of the year. All chosen goals stay consistent and should conform to points that were hierarchical. Boosting exercises or taking the time prior to picking a destination to pick these components will boost the undertaking's accomplishment.


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Change-over from Kerosene to LPG use – A Family Case Study, Nigeria
This case study examines the "Improving Access of Women to LPG as a Substitute for Fuelwood in Nigeria" project. The project is designed to expand access to affordable LPG as a substitute for fuel wood. Fuel wood currently is the main fuel for households, schools and small businesses in many parts of Nigeria. The overarching goal is to improve the socio-economic and environmental conditions of the poor and vulnerable, particularly women and children whose health is usually negatively affected by indoor air pollution arising from cooking with fuel wood.
In an attempt to expand clean energy services to poor households, while simultaneously and indirectly addressing the environmental effects of energy production and use. The focus on LPG is to explore its comparative advantages compared to traditional biomass fuels, as well as the abundance of gas and petroleum resources in the country. To this end, Friends of the Environment (FOTE) with funding from the Global Environment FacilitySmall Grants Programme (GEF-SGP) in Nigeria, undertook a survey on LPG Perception and Sales in Lagos State in October 2010. The survey chose a sample frame of Lagos State and a sample size of 250 households from two communities, Badagry and Ojokoro (One Rural and One Urban) in administering the questionnaire in Lagos State.
The conclusions were that making LPG readily accessible to all socio-economic groups could be achieved by locating LPG depots strategically across the country to assure uninterrupted product availability and price stability. Affordability, however, would require the whole gamut of facilitating targeted measures such as lowering the costs for cylinders and equipment by tax and duty exemption, ready access to soft financing and other complementary measures without which the high front-end investments in becoming an LPG consumer will remain a barrier to access to many but especially for women and the poor. Low-cost consumer credit is not common in Nigeria and initiatives in this direction are recommended.
Seedfunding case study Penetrating LPG Use in Lagos State - Download


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This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
The overarching aim of this study was to provide an information base on the transition from preschool to formal schooling in Ireland, and to improve understanding about how best to support children's learning during this time. The theoretical framework for the project was based on the ecological systems model of development proposed by Bronfenbrenner. As there was no previous Irish research in this area, the study took an exploratory approach, and drew on a variety of sources to present the perspectives of preschool practitioners, primary school teachers, parents and children themselves. Phase 1 involved a questionnaire being completed by a nationwide sample of preschool practitioners and teachers of junior infants classes. Both groups agreed that children with the ability to negotiate classroom life independently, equipped with good social skills and the ability to concentrate and listen for short periods of time, are more likely to be successful at primary level. Phase II took a more qualitative approach to the subject, following a case study sample of seven children through their first year in the primary school systems. This phase investigated the perspectives of the children themselves, their parents, teachers and classmates, using observation data, semi-structured interviews, and child discussion groups to gather information about the process. Differences were noted by the children between the more formal "work" based pedagogy of the junior infants classroom as compared to their preschool experiences. The issue of cultural capital being transferred across the home-school environments was also apparent. The findings from the study concur with the notion that transition to school is an adaptive process for children and their families, and that all stakeholders should be involved in communication about the process (Pianta et al, 1999). The study also confirmed the value of involving multiple stakeholders, particularly the children themselves, in the research process.
O'Kane, M.: The Potential Use of Slow-down Technology to Improve Pronounciation of English for International Communication. Dublin : Dublin Institute of Technology, 2007


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Why do many foreigners living in the Netherlands and Belgium shy away from learning Dutch? Is it because they think it is too difficult? Ruud Hisgen suggests that there are seven myths which may have something to do with the reason why so many expats are disheartened.
1. Dutch is difficult! As complex as German and as obscure as Old English
Dutch and German (Deutsch) may have similarly sounding names but they are two completely different languages. In the Middle Ages the languages of the Netherlanders and the Germans were called diets because diet meant "people". Diets was used to distinguish the lowly language of the common folk from the highfalutin Latin of the Church.
Over time, Diets became Nederlands and in Germany, Deutsch, but the English have stubbornly retained the confusing word "Dutch" to this day. Old English has shed its grammatical intricacies and so has Diets. German still has cases and more intricacies. So forget about Dutch as a difficult obstacle and think of Nederlands as the sister of English, a language that you can easily acquire.
2. Nederlands is an insignificant language in the greater scheme of things
There are 23 million native speakers of the language in the Netherlands, the Flemish region of Belgium, Surinam, and several islands in the Caribbean. And some 15 to 23 million people in South Africa and Namibia speak its daughter language: Afrikaans.
You may think you can safely converse with your neighbours or relations in English, but never forget that the Netherlanders have the advantage because they can speak their own language among themselves. And you will have no idea what sneaky things they may be saying!
3. Dutch vocabulary does not compare to other world languages
Many Netherlanders are convinced that they can express themselves so much better in English, because they think it is a richer language. Is this a sign of modesty or ignorance?
Fact is that the largest dictionary in the world is the 45.000-page Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (Dictionary of the Dutch Language). It has some 400.000 main entries and it took scholars 147 years from the first initiative in 1851 to 1998 to finish it. It is freely accessible online. By comparison the Oxford English Dictionary has approximately 300.000 main entries.
4. Mastering Dutch spelling takes years of practice
Again, if you were to believe your Dutch neighbours, they will tell you how miserably they fail in the yearly national dictation "Het Groot Dictee". It is true that the average Dutchman makes 23 mistakes in 10 sentences and the winner wins with a "mere" seven mistakes. But don't forget that some linguistic freak sadistically crammed them with tricky words. Don't be misled by this national act of masochism.
Spelling is quite easy, especially compared to English. In principle this rule is valid: what you hear is what you write. In English you'll write "knee" without pronouncing "k". In Dutch you write every letter that you hear, so k-n-ie.
5. Dutch is an ugly unmusical language due to deafening harsh sounds
There are some 30 dialects in the relatively small area of the Netherlands and Belgium. And it is only in some of them that guttural and uvular sounds are prominent. If you don't like these sounds, then you can easily avoid them by making a softer sound. The Dutch don't mind and understand you just as well.
6. Dutch grammar will drive you insane
At first sight this proposition may look like a true obstacle. Indeed Dutch word order looks very complex.
Verbs seem to jump to the end of a sentence for no obvious reason, and the subject changes place with the verb.
"Though this may look like madness, yet there is method in 't." Any decent beginners course should teach you these simple grammatical tricks in a short time.
7. Dutch is not culturally interesting, with insipid literature, bland theatre and silly films
In the BBC programme The Forum (22 May 2010) Dutch-born author Ian Buruma suggested that it would be a good idea for English speakers to learn Dutch as their first second language: "There are various advantages to Dutch. It has a rich literature. So there is a lot to read."
It is true that there is a wealth of novels, stories, plays and poems to be discovered. Take, for instance, this little poem, which happens to be the very first poem written in Dutch. It is from the 11th century and you can see how closely related our languages were and still are. The only word that got lost in modern Dutch is hinase (except).
Here it is:
Hebban olla vogala
hinase hic enda thu
wat unbidan we nu?
In modern Dutch:
Hebben alle vogels
behalve ik en jij
wat verbeiden we nu?
(= waar wachten we nu op?)
Have all birds
except I and thou
what are we waiting for now?
So leave these seven myths behind and learn Dutch! What are you waiting for!


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The State of Texas is joining the nation in observing National AMBER Alert Awareness Day today.
AMBER stands for "America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response," and was named for 9-year-old Amber Hagerman, who was kidnapped and murdered in Arlington, Texas, in 1996.
Shortly after Amber Hagerman's death, law enforcement and media representatives in the Dallas/Fort Worth area created the first AMBER Alert program, serving as a model plan nationwide for alerting the public regarding abducted children. Currently, every state in the U.S. has an AMBER Alert Plan, in addition to several countries around the world. January 13 marks the 17-year anniversary of Amber Hagerman's abduction, which the U.S. Department of Justice has designated as National AMBER Alert Awareness Day.
The Texas AMBER Alert Program was established by Gov. Rick Perry in August of 2002, complementing existing local AMBER Alert programs. DPS manages the statewide program and provides law enforcement a mechanism for rapid notification of the media and the public in these serious child abduction cases.
From 2002 through the end of 2012, 93 children have been recovered during 87 DPS activations of the Texas AMBER Alert Program.


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Scientist for a Day inspires young scientists
Scientist for a Day saw dozens of budding young scientists visit the Australian Museum for Marine Worlds and Urban Explorer.
As the Museum doors opened on Thursday the 14th and Friday the 15th of January, an excited group of budding young marine scientists joined us for 'Scientist for a Day – Marine Worlds'. Together we learnt about what marine scientists do and then our visitors got to try out being a marine biologist with a rather smelly squid dissection! Using some very cool technology, our new marine detectives investigated a variety of the secret weapons that marine animals use and experienced being taxonomists by identifying some Balmain bug species! We also got to see some very special parts of the marine collection in a behind-the-scenes tour.
With the sun shining down on Monday the 18th, we welcomed some young entomology enthusiasts for 'Scientist for a Day – Urban Explorer'. We investigated the spider community of Hyde Park, by finding and identifying webs. Sorting through leaf litter to find and categorise the insects we found helped our young scientists realise that there are many types of life living under our feet, we just need to notice them! For those interested in the tiny spider that was found, our arachnologist identified it as a mature female Ostearius melanopygius. We saw some amazing pinned insects on a behind-the-scenes tour and also got to hold and draw some live stick insects.
If you were a participant in Scientist for a Day, please comment on this story and share what you learnt!
The Australian Museum runs Scientist for a Day programs for 8-12 year olds during selected school holidays, so stay tuned for details of the next adventure.
Ellen McCormack, Operations Coordinator


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Today, the International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Region (IPPFAR) joins the rest of the world in marking the International Youth Day under the theme 'Youth Engagement for Global Action'. We asked some members of the Youth Action Movement (YAM), a youth arm of IPPFAR's volunteer body to share their perspectives on youth engagement. This is a conversation with Erasmo Mbemba, YAM member from Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM).
In your opinion, what does meaningful youth engagement mean and why is it important?
Erasmo: Meaningful youth engagement means treating young people as colleagues and equals. To me, young people need to be part of all processes from the beginning to the end. These processes include planning, decision-making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Young people should have the same rights as everyone else, such as the equal right to speak and contribute to all processes without being undermined. This helps to build their confidence and groom capable and experienced leaders.
How has IPPFAR and your Member Association fostered youth engagement?
Erasmo: IPPFAR and Family Planning Association of Malawi (FPAM) are doing a lot to ensure meaningful youth engagement.
They have created a platform where young people are a part of the governing bodies, Board of Trustees at regional, national and district levels. They have invested in building the capacities of young people, thus enabling them to effectively contribute to both organizations. IPPFAR and FPAM have created spaces where young people can meet and discuss issues affecting them, while at the same time engage adult mentors to help them grow as individuals and teams. I am a beneficiary of all these processes.
How can young people be more involved in decision-making processes?
Erasmo: There is need to invest in more capacity building initiatives for young people through trainings and mentorship programs, because if young people lack information and skills they may not contribute effectively even when included in all processes and spaces. Capacity building and creating opportunities for young people to take up high-level leadership roles in an organizations (NGOs), private sector, political, community and religious institutions will help to speed youth engagement.


Statistical Capacity score (Overall average) in Serbia was reported at 88.89 in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Serbia - Overall level of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2021.
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 serbia overall level of statistical capacity scale 0 100 wb data
The Statistical Capacity Indicator is a composite score assessing the capacity of a country's statistical system. It is based on a diagnostic framework assessing the following areas: methodology; data sources; and periodicity and timeliness. Countries are scored against 25 criteria in these areas, using publicly available information and/or country input. The overall Statistical Capacity score is then calculated as a simple average of all three area scores on a scale of 0-100.
Serbia | World Bank Development Indicators


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It is thought to be the quintessential British meal, but new research claims the original idea for fish and chips came from Jewish and French dishes.
Fish and chips is a traditional seaside meal
A study of the multicultural nature of UK cuisine suggests the meal was influenced by immigrants 150 years ago.
Professor Panikos Panayi of Leicester's De Montfort University has begun a
£6,000 research project to investigate the global influence on British food.
He said fish and chips mixed "French frites with Jewish fish dishes".
Mr Panayi's research is expected to last two to three years and his findings will be published in a book called The Spicing Up of English Life.
He said: "In the middle of the 19th century the main concern of most sections of
English society consisted of eating enough food of sufficient quality to stay
alive, rather than displaying a concern about variety.
"Transformations between 1850 and 1945 included the emergence of fish and
chips, influenced by both French and Jewish culinary traditions.
He said the origins of the dish were complex, but probably came about from the combination of French frites with Jewish fish dishes.
"It certainly isn't the traditional British food people might think, and of
course the meal is often enjoyed with a cup of tea - the best example of the
influence of the Empire on English eating and drinking habits."
Fish and chips restaurant Harry Ramsden's serves
20,000 portions per day across Britain.
A spokeswoman said: "It's very interesting to hear
the professor's findings on the origins of the ingredients that are still, and
we're sure will always be, a great British tradition."
Mr Panayi has urged people who arrived in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s to contact him to help him with his research.
The project will also examine the arrival of ice cream and pork with Italian
and German immigrants and the effect of the first Indian and Chinese


}}}) assigning the TSO's {{{trec}}} pointer to the new {{{TRec}}} then executing the transaction's code.
 133(See [[GhcFile(rts/PrimOps.cmm)]] {{{stg_atomicallyzh}}} and [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmStartTransaction}}}).
 135=== Reading ===
 137When a read is attempted we first search the {{{TRec}}} for an existing entry. If it is found, we use that local view of the variable. On the first read of the variable, a new entry is allocated and the value of the variable is read and stored locally. The original {{{TVar}}} does not need to be accessed again for its value until a validation check is needed.
 139In the coarse grain version, the read is done without synchronization. With the fine grain lock, the lock variable is the {{{current_value}}} of the {{{TVar}}} structure. While reading an inconsistent value is an issue that can be resolved later, reading a value that indicates a lock and handing that value to code that expects a different type of heap object will almost certainly lead to a runtime failure. To avoid this the fine grain lock version of the code will spin if the value read is a lock, waiting to observe the lock released with an appropriate pointer to a heap object.
 141(See [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmReadTVar}}})
 143=== Writing ===
 145Writing to a {{{TVar}}} requires that the variable first be in the {{{TRec}}}. If it is not currently in the {{{TRec}}}, a read of the {{{TVar}}}'s value is stored in a new entry (this value will be used to validate and ensure that no updates were made concurrently to this variable).
 147In both the fine grain and coarse grain lock versions of the code no synchronization is needed to perform the write as the value is stored locally in the {{{TRec}}} until commit time.
 149(See [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmWriteTVar}}})
 151=== Validation ===
 153Before a transaction can make its effects visible to other threads it must check that it has seen a consistent view of memory while it was executing. Most of the work is done in {{{validate_and_acquire_ownership}}} by checking that {{{TVar}}}s hold their expected values.
 155For the coarse grain lock version the lock is held before entering {{{validate_and_acquire_ownership}}} through the writing of values to {{{TVar}}}s. With the fine grain lock, validation acquires locks for the write set and reads a version number consistent with the expected value for each {{{TVar}}} in the read set. After all the locks for writes have been acquired, The read set is checked again to see if each value is still the expected value and the version number still matches ({{{check_read_only}}}).
 157(See [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{validate_and_acquire_ownership}}} and {{{check_read_only}}})
 159=== Committing ===
 161Before committing, each invariant associated with each accessed {{{TVar}}} needs to be checked by running the invariant transaction with its own {{{TRec}}}. The read set for each invariant is merged into the transaction as those reads must be included in the consistency check. The {{{TRec}}} is then validated. If validation fails, the transaction must start over from the beginning after releasing all locks. In the case of the coarse grain lock validation and commit are in a critical section protected by the global STM lock. Updates to {{{TVar}}}s proceeds while holding the global lock.
 163With the fine grain lock version when validation, including any read-only phase, succeeds, two properties will hold simultaneously that give the desired atomicity:
 165* Validation has witnessed all {{{TVar}}}s with their expected value.
 166* Locks are held for all of the {{{TVar}}}s in the write set.
 168Commit can proceed to increment each locked {{{TVar}}}'s {{{num_updates}}} field and unlock by writing the new value to the {{{current_value}}} field. While these updates happen one-by-one, any attempt to read from this set will spin while the lock is held. Any reads made before the lock was acquired will fail to validate as the number of updates will change.
 170(See [[GhcFile(rts/PrimOps.cmm)]] {{{stg_atomically_frame}}} and [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmCommitTransaction}}})
 172=== Aborting ===
 174Aborting is simply throwing away changes that are stored in the {{{TRec}}}.
 176(See [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmAbortTransaction}}})
 178=== Exceptions ===
 180An exception in a transaction will only propagate outside of the transaction if the transaction can be validated. If validation fails, the whole transaction will abort and start again from the beginning. Nothing special needs to be done to support the semantics allowing the view ''inside'' the aborted transaction.
 182(See [[GhcFile(rts/Exception.cmm)]] which calls {{{stmValidateNestOfTransactions}}} from [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]]).
 186== Blocking with {{{retry}}} ==
 188We will now introduce the blocking feature. To support this we will add a watch queue to each {{{TVar}}} where we can place a pointer to a blocked TSO. When a transaction commits we will now wake up the TSOs on watch queues for {{{TVar}}}s that are written.
 190The mechanism for {{{retry}}} is similar to exception handling. In the simple case of only supporting blocking and not supporting choice, an encountered retry should validate, and if valid, add the TSO to the watch queue of every accessed {{{TVar}}} (see [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmWait}}} and {{{build_watch_queue_entries_for_trec}}}). Locks are acquired for all {{{TVar}}}s when validating to control access to the watch queues and prevent missing an update to a {{{TVar}}} before the thread is sleeping. In particular if validation is successful the locks are held after the return of {{{stmWait}}}, through the return to the scheduler, after the thread is safely paused (see [[GhcFile(rts/HeapStackCheck.cmm)]] {{{stg_block_stmwait}}}), and until {{{stmWaitUnlock}}} is called. This ensures that no updates to the {{{TVar}}}s are made until the TSO is ready to be woken. If validation fails, the {{{TRec}}} is discarded and the transaction is started from the beginning. (See [[GhcFile(rts/PrimOps.cmm)]] {{{stg_retryzh}}})
 192When a transaction is committed, each write that it makes to a {{{TVar}}} is preceded by waking up each TSO in the watch queue. Eventually these TSOs will be run, but before restarting the transaction its {{{TRec}}} is validated again if valid then nothing has changed that will allow the transaction to proceed with a different result. If invalid, some other transaction has committed and progress may be possible (note there is the additional case that some other transaction is merely holding a lock temporarily, causing validation to fail). The TSO is not removed from the watch queues it is on until the transaction is aborted (at this point we no longer need the {{{TRec}}}) and the abort happens after the failure to validate on wakeup. (See [[GhcFile(rts/STM.c)]] {{{stmReWait}}} and {{{stmAbortTransaction}}})
 196== Choice with {{{orElse}}} ==
 198When {{{retry#}}} executes it searches the stack for either a {{{CATCH_RETRY_FRAME}}} or the outer {{{ATOMICALLY_FRAME}}} (the boundary between normal execution and the transaction). The former is placed on the stack by an {{{orElse}}} (see [[GhcFile(rts/PrimOps.cmm)]] {{{stg_catchRetryzh}}}) and if executing the first branch we can partially abort and switch to the second branch, otherwise we propagate the {{{retry}}} further. In the latter case this {{{retry}}} represents a transaction that should block and the behavior is as above with only {{{retry}}}.
 200How do we support a "partial abort"? This introduces the need for a nested transaction. Our {{{TRec}}} will now have a pointer to an outer {{{TRec}}} (the {{{enclosing_trec}}} field). This allows us to isolate effects from the branch of the {{{orElse}}} that we might need to abort. Let's revisit the features that need to take this into account.
 202 * '''Reading''' -- Reads now search the chain of nested transactions in addition to the local {{{TRec}}}. When an entry is found in a parent it is copied into the local {{{TRec}}}. Note that there is still only a single access to the actual {{{TVar}}} through the life of the transaction (until validation).
 203 * '''Writing''' -- Writes, like reads, now search the parent {{{TRec}}}s and the write is stored in the local copy.
 204 * '''Retry''' -- As described above, we now need to search the stack for a {{{CATCH_RETRY_FRAME}}} and if found, aborting the nested transaction and attempting the alternative or propagating the retry instead of immediately


Keyndra Lewis, LMFT/ English-SpanishTelehealth
Keyndra Lewis, LMFT/ English-SpanishTelehealth
Accepted Insurance Plans: Out of Network
Cost per Session: $100-150
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Learning to navigate the challenges in a constructive and beneficial manner produces a confident, well-adjusted person. I provide inclusive clinical interventions to improve overall functioning to couples, individuals and their children. Living means evolving, sometimes together and other times apart regardless empathy support and a focus on self healing is imperative. Soy hispana y hablo español.
My experience 10+ years in field has ranged from supporting partnerships in all stages Choosing to move forward to single life after separation, with or with out children or dependents, can be challenging. I am well versed in adolescents and adult substance use and trauma which can lead to significant changes in a persons life.
Living means changing, adapting and evolving, this can be a challenging experience. Learning new ways to handle this transition will help you manage your emotions. As a dual language and fluent speaker Spanish and English clinician with international training I can provide support utilizing a global approach.
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text:
With the explosion of smartphones and social network services, location-based social networks (LBSNs) are increasingly seen as tools for businesses (e.g., restaurants and hotels) to promote their products and services. In this article, we investigate the key techniques that can help businesses promote their locations by advertising wisely through the underlying LBSNs. In order to maximize the benefit of location promotion, we formalize it as an influence maximization problem in an LBSN, i.e., given a target location and an LBSN, a set of k users (called seeds) should be advertised initially such that they can successfully propagate and attract many other users to visit the target location. Existing studies have proposed different ways to calculate the information propagation probability, that is, how likely it is that a user may influence another, in the setting of a static social network. However, it is more challenging to derive the propagation probability in an LBSN since it is heavily affected by the target location and the user mobility, both of which are dynamic and query dependent. This article proposes two user mobility models, namely the Gaussian-based and distance-based mobility models, to capture the check-in behavior of individual LBSN users, based on which location-aware propagation probabilities can be derived. Extensive experiments based on two real LBSN datasets have demonstrated the superior effectiveness of our proposals compared with existing static models of propagation probabilities to truly reflect the information propagation in LBSNs.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)


text:
The Basics of Utah Conservation Districts - District Supervisors
Conservation District Supervisors
When the residents of a conservation district elect a supervisor, they delegate the responsibility of directing the conservation needs of the district's natural resources to them. Supervisors are leaders, using their own operations and activities to set a good conservation example to others, demonstrating conservation benefits.
Conservation district supervisors have the opportunity to take an active role as stewards - safeguarding limited natural resources. To effectively nurture conservation in their communities, they should understand their role and responsibilities as a supervisor. Their success depends on their vision of the conservation district movement, their knowledge of natural resource conservation and the available means to accomplish conservation district objectives.
Roles of District Supervisors:
- Be aware of the different natural resource needs within the district and actively seek input for solutions.
- Be an example of conservation management by practicing applicable conservation methods.
- Promote the ethic of good resource stewardship among all residents.
- Be familiar with laws, policies and program concepts of importance to the district.
- Manage staff, finances and property of the district (through zone coordinator).
- Regularly attend district meetings and functions, take an active role in overseeing your employees' activities, and generally make conservation district business a priority.


Polish citizenship
On January 19, 1951 (entry into force of the Polish Citizenship Act of 1951), Polish citizens of nationality:
 1. Russian,
 2. Belarusian,
 3. Ukrainian,
 4. Lithuanian,
 5. Latvian,
 6. Estonian,
who lived permanently abroad lost their Polish citizenship.
A similar rule applied to Polish citizens of German nationality, unless the spouse has Polish citizenship and lives in Poland.
Loss of citizenship concerned not only Polish citizens who remained after the Second World War in the USSR, but all citizens of the above-mentioned nationalities living abroad. For example, Polish citizenship was lost to people of Ukrainian nationality living in the USA or in Argentina.


Ken Zurski's new book takes a storyteller's angle to local history.
The result is "Peoria Stories: Tales from the Illinois Heartland," which seeks not so much to chronicle facts and figures but breathe life into throwback intersections between big names and the river city.
The likes of Teddy Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln and Carrie Nation appeared in Peoria, just as they do in "Peoria Stories." But Zurski, unsatisfied with timeworn acknowledgements of their visits, aims for deeper views. Why did Roosevelt visit Grandview Drive? How did Lincoln's speech change his career? What prevented Nation from swinging her axe?
Over its 208 pages, "Peoria Stories" answers those questions and tells more tales. Still, amid personalities of renown and impact, the star is Peoria. Zurski, anchor of local radio's Traffic One and author of the 2012 book "The Wreck of the Columbia," sketches the city's and region's roles during national movements and events at various points in time.
"Peoria Stories: Tales from the Illinois Heartland" is available from Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble and the Peoria Riverfront Museum. Published by Amika Press, cost is $18.95.


text:
>>>>> "Rick" == Rick James writes:
Rick> Let's look at "select * from foo where a=1 and b = 1" in multiple contexts:
Rick> (I am assuming there an index containing both a and b.)
Rick> * Neither a nor b is clustered: index_merge could be the most efficient way to
> perform the query... Find all PKs for a=1, find all PKs for b=1, take the intersection;
> then fetch the rows.
Rick> * One of a or b is clustered: As mentioned, use the clustered key only. The
> other key buys nothing.
This is true for the given query, but not in general.
Assume you have in an InnoDB table and an index on (b,c) and 'a' is
the primary key. In this case:
select c from foo where a=1 and b = 1
I't better to scan the index (b,c) than scan the primary key as you
get all key parts from this index, but it's much less to scan as you
don't have to access all the other columns from the table.
Rick> * Both a and b are clustered: Again, the other key is useless; simply use the
> clustered key.
How can you have something clustered on to different key?
(Normally you can only cluster on one key at a time)


text:
Hunters flock to Sante Fe, Argentina for a chance to shoot rosy-billed pochards, fulvous whistling ducks and other waterfowl species for
which the province is famous. Some unlucky ducks lie in the hunters' wake, but a
less obvious impact is the pollution
the hunters' bullets bring to the region. Current
estimates put the amount of lead introduced into Santa Fe's ecosystems every
year at 10 tons.
Lead within gunshot seeps into the
environment, contaminating soil, vegetation and wildlife. But things are
looking up for the duck season ahead. A new regulation demands that hunters cut
down their lead shot usage by 25 percent. The law is Argentina's first step
against lead pollution from gunshot, but WCS hopes it will not be the last.
"The government of Santa Fe has set an
admirable precedent in the reduction of lead ammunition in the province's
hunting grounds, a move that will benefit the region's people and wildlife,"
said Dr. Robert Cook, Executive Vice President and General Director of WCS's Living
Institutions. "We encourage other states and stakeholders to begin the same
January WCS researchers began taking a closer look at how this lead exposure affects
wildlife, which sometimes ingest lead pellets. The study examines the density
of lead within the bodies of ducks, living and dead, and within the wetlands
where hunting occurs. So far, the team has collected blood samples from 24 live
ducks and tissue samples from about 300 ducks that were killed by hunters. As
expected, preliminary results show significant levels of lead in the gizzards,
blood, and bones of the ducks tested.
vegetation, and soil samples from areas with and without hunting activity are
also part of the region-wide analysis. Lead, of course, is dangerous to humans,
too, and the research assesses the threats the lead ammunition potentially
poses to human health.
"This is a huge step forward," said
WCS's Dr. Marcela Uhart, the study's principal investigator. "We commend the
government of Santa Fe for acting on the preliminary results of our study. This
is the first such regulation in the country and, hopefully, it will serve as a
model for other provinces to emulate."
For more information, see the press release.


Tales from the Witcher Podcast Artwork Image
Tales from the Witcher
Jacob Gerstel
Tales from the Witcher showcases serialized, original short stories set in the Witcher universe. Part audiobook and part Actual Play Report, these tales are written and narrated by Jacob Gerstel—and are based on the adventures of his Witcher tabletop roleplaying group. We'll follow the exploits of a stoic Bear School witcher, an alcoholic elven sorcerer, a resourceful craftsman, a lively bard, and others as they try to stay alive during the Third Northern War. There's action and adventure, magic and the mundane, scheming and politics, elves and dwarves, war and peace, and—because it's the Witcher—a touch of philosophy. New episodes every Wednesday.
Recent Episodes


text:
Facts about Roentgenium
Facts about Roentgenium - Element included on the Periodic Table
Facts about the Definition of the Element Roentgenium
The Element Roentgenium is defined as...
Roentgenium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Rg (formerly temporarily Uuu) and atomic number 111. It has an atomic weight of 272 making it one of the super-heavy atoms. It is a synthetic element whose only known isotope has a half-life of around 15 ms before it decays into meitnerium. Due to its presence in Group 11 it is a transition metal and so probably metallic and solid.
Interesting Facts about the Origin and Meaning of the element name Roentgenium
What are the origins of the word Roentgenium?
The name was given in honour of honour of Wilhelm Roentgen.
Facts about the Classification of the Element Roentgenium
Roentgenium is classified as a "Transition Metal" which are located in Groups 3 - 12 of the Periodic Table. An Element classified as a Transition Metals is ductile, malleable, and able to conduct electricity and heat.
Brief Facts about the Discovery and History of the Element Roentgenium
Roentgenium was discovered by S. Hofmann at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany in 1994.
Occurrence of the element Roentgenium in the Atmosphere
Common Uses of Roentgenium
No known use
The Properties of the Element Roentgenium
Name of Element : Roentgenium
Symbol of Element : Rg
Atomic Number of Roentgenium : 111
Atomic Mass: amu
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Number of Protons/Electrons in Roentgenium : Unknown
Number of Neutrons in Roentgenium : Unknown
Crystal Structure: Unknown
Color of Roentgenium : Unknown
The element Roentgenium and the Periodic Table
Find out more facts about Roentgenium on the Periodic Table which arranges every chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the periodic law, so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column. Our Periodic Table is simple to use - just click on the symbol for Roentgenium for additional facts and info and for an instant comparison of the Atomic Weight, Melting Point, Boiling Point and Mass - G/cc of Roentgenium with any other element. An invaluable source for more interesting facts and information about the Roentgenium element and as a Chemistry reference guide.
Facts and Info about the element Roentgenium - IUPAC and the Modern Standardised Periodic Table
The Standardised Periodic Table in use today was agreed by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, in 1985 which includes the Roentgenium element. The famous Russian Scientist, Dimitri Mendeleev, perceived the correct classification method of "the periodic table" for the 65 elements which were known in his time. Roentgenium was discovered by S. Hofmann at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany in 1994. The Standardised Periodic Table now recognises more periods and elements than Dimitri Mendeleev knew in his day but still all fitting into his concept of the "Periodic Table" in which Roentgenium is just one element that can be found.
Facts and Info about the Element Roentgenium
Information Facts about the Roentgenium Element


text:
Word Origin & History
suffix attached to verbs to mean their action, result, product, material, etc., from O.E. -ing, -ung, from P.Gmc. *unga (cf. O.N. -ing, Du. -ing, Ger. -ung). Originally used to form nouns from verbs and to denote completed or habitual action. Its use has been greatly expanded in M.E. and Mod.Eng. The
other use of -ing is to form the prp. of verbs, and in this sense it developed from O.E. -ende (cf. Ger. -end, Goth. -and, Skt. -ant, Gk. -on, L. -ans). It evolved into -ing in 13c.-14c.


text:
Are you ready to embark on a new adventure? Alberta, a province in the heart of Canada, welcomes you with open arms and boundless opportunities. We shall bestow upon you ten indispensable tips that will not only facilitate your seamless integration but shall also pave the way for your flourishing in the province of Alberta.
1. Understand Alberta's Geography and Climate
Alberta is renowned for its multifaceted topography, ranging from the mighty Mountains to the expansive prairies. It is imperative to acquaint yourself with the assorted locales and their meteorological idiosyncrasies to brace yourself for the changes in weather. From blanketed in snow to the balmy embrace of summer, Alberta is a distinctive encounter with each passing season.
2. Secure Adequate Housing
Finding suitable accommodation is a top priority when you arrive in Alberta. Whether you prefer urban living in Calgary or Edmonton or the quieter lifestyle of smaller towns, start your housing search early to secure a comfortable place to live.
3. Legal and Financial Matters
Navigating the legal and financial aspects of immigration can be daunting. Seek advice from immigration consultants and financial advisors who specialize in assisting newcomers. Understanding the Canadian tax system and opening a bank account are essential steps.
4. Embrace Alberta's Healthcare System
Alberta boasts a world-class healthcare system accessible to all residents. Be sure to enroll in the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan (AHCIP) to avail yourself and your family of all-encompassing medical coverage.
5. Education Opportunities
For families with children, Alberta offers a high-quality education system. Research schools in your area and explore options for post-secondary education, as Alberta is home to renowned universities and colleges.
6. Employment and Career Prospects
Alberta's economy is robust, with opportunities in various sectors, including energy, technology, healthcare, and education. Customize your employment quest to align with your proficiencies and expertise, and consider establishing connections via nearby job expos and digital forums.
7. Cultural Integration
Immerse yourself in Alberta's rich culture and diverse communities. Attend cultural events, festivals, and join local clubs to build connections and make new friends.
8. Language Skills
Improving your English language skills is crucial for effective communication and career advancement in Alberta. Enroll in language classes and practice regularly to enhance your fluency.
9. Safety and Legal Rights
Learn about your rights and responsibilities as a resident of Alberta. The region is renowned for its commitment to safety and adherence to legal principles, yet it is imperative to gain insight into the local statutes and regulations.
10. Seek Support from Settlement Agencies
Alberta offers a network of settlement agencies dedicated to helping newcomers adjust to life in the province. These organizations provide valuable resources, workshops, and support services.
Your journey as a new immigrant to Alberta is filled with promise and potential. By following these 10 essential tips, you'll not only navigate the initial challenges but also embark on a fulfilling and prosperous life in this beautiful province.


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I am writing my thesis using Kile. I encountered a mis-justification problem when creating table of contents, please see the uploaded picture. My institute insists to fix this. Can anybody help me on this?
enter image description here
Here is my MWE:
\usetikzlibrary {calc}
\section{Intramedullary Nailing}
\section{Study 1: In modeling a distraction process, how should the tissue load be correctly represented in order to obtain a better understanding of the mechanical response of IM nails during limb lengthening?}
\subsection{Finite Element Model Considerations}
share|improve this question
It is not obvious from this preamble what is the problem. What it the package OkanFBEStyle. Also change \[ and \] with [ and ]. – zunbeltz Jan 17 '13 at 8:18
_USER_ I updated my original question accordingly. – Rıza Bayoğlu Jan 17 '13 at 8:26
How shall I attach OkanFBEStyle.sty file? – Rıza Bayoğlu Jan 17 '13 at 8:29
For your code to be a MWE you should exclude all packages that are irrelevant to replicate your problem. – Vivi Jan 17 '13 at 9:54
1 Answer 1
This is actually correct. The first line is indented and the other lines are not. Admitedly this looks akward. Consider using different headings in the text and in the table of contents.
\section[Study 1: Chairs]{Study 1: The behaviour of chairs in the wilderness under the influence of time, love and water -- considering different frequencies of quantim flux compensation during recomfubeling phase.}
Edit: As i understand the question it is about the alignment of the new lines in the section header with the indent of subsections. The fastest way to get rid of that problem is to not have linebreaks. You can introduce alternative header by giving them as an optional argument. The table of contents will show the alternative header. You can now write a shorter header that is suitable for a table of contents and still preserve the long header in the actual text.
Rereading your questions, you may have asked wheather it is possible to have the indent of 3.1 be equal to the indent of 3.1.X. If that is the case you want to take a look at the tocloft package. It allows you to configure the TOC.
share|improve this answer
I did not get your point. The problem is due to section part, but you are giving a subsection example? Could you please be more explanatory? – Rıza Bayoğlu Jan 17 '13 at 9:06
Your Answer


text:
Career Clusters are broad occupational groupings...an organizing tool defining education for post-secondary education and careers using 16 broad clusters of occupations and 79 pathways with validated standards that ensure opportunities for all students regardless of their career goals and interests.
Office Operations Associate
Career Clusters are a tool for a seamless educational system that:
- blends rigorous academic/technical preparation
- provides career development
- offers options for students to experience all aspects of a business or industry
- facilitates/assists students and educators with ongoing transitions
- provide a framework for continuing contemporary, high-quality programs
- provide a framework for seamless education
- provide more career options for students
- provide a framework for organizing and reorganizing the delivery of career and technical education and needed 21st Century Skills
- provide understanding of knowledge and skill transfer and verification of qualification
Career Cluster Framework
The cluster/pathway framework supports ongoing efforts to move from vocational education to career and technical education.
- Cluster Core Level--Skills and knowledge all students need within the cluster
- Pathway Level--Skills and knowledge necessary to pursue a full range of career opportunities within a pathway
- Career Specialties--Represents the full range of career opportunities within each path
A career pathway is a coherent, articulated sequence of rigorous academic and career related courses, commencing in ninth grade and leading to an associate degree, and/or an industry-recognized certificate or licensure, and/or a baccalaureate and beyond. A career pathway...
- is developed, implemented and maintained in partnership among secondary and postsecondary education, business, and employers.
- is available to all students, including adult learners, and designed to lead to rewarding careers.
- training for specific jobs or occupations
- knowledge and skill statements for this level would be created by industry standards and verified by business and industry representatives
- Represents the full range of career opportunities within each path


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Disputing PharmCAS GPA Calculations
Disputing Your GPA Calculations
 1. Note that:
 - PharmCAS GPAs are not the same as the GPAs found on your transcripts.
 2. Review Calculating Your PharmCAS GPAs.
 3. Identify the area you believe is causing the incorrect calculation (e.g., Post-Baccalaureate Science GPA) and calculate the GPA yourself using the GPA calculator
 - Indicate the problematic area.
 - Provide your calculations.
PharmCAS does not accept GPA review requests by phone.
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Finding that one special star
Rehoboth Christian students Southwest stars, find fun in astronomy
By Shondiin Silversmith
Navajo Times
REHOBOTH, N.M., January 17, 2013
Text size: A A A
(Times photo - Shondiin Silversmith)
TOP: Calvin College astronomy student Rick McWhirler talks with Rehoboth Chirstian Middle School students about the different levels of brightness that could be seen in the data.
SECOND FROM TOP: Astronomy student Hannah Pagel of Calvin College sits with her group of students as they shift through hundreds of star images hoping to find that one variable star.
T he stars don't go unnoticed in the Southwest because it has dark clear skies that people from across the nation have come to admire.
College students from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Mich. have come to the area for that very reason as part of a course called "Astronomy of the Southwest."
It is through that class that they shared their interest in stars when they presented an astronomy lesson for the middle school science class of Rehoboth Christian School held Monday.
Calvin College Professor Larry Molnar visited the school with his class of 10 students from his astronomy course. Molnar explained that his course allows his students to use the different telescopes.
"This is just a place of beautiful skies, dark and clear," Molnar said adding that this course also allows the students to look at the earth as a planet and gives the opportunity to learn more about the people of the southwest.
Molnar started off the class discussion by explaining to the seventh and eighth grade students of Rehoboth Christian Middle School that they would be talking about "variable stars".
A variable star is a star that can change its brightness, and the brightness of a star can change due to three possible modals, said Molnar.
One possibility is rotation where the dots found on a star affects the stars levels of brightness. Another possibility is when two stars are orbiting around each other, and the third possibility is when a star is pulsating, but each of those possibilities affects the stars brightness level.
"Most stars don't change they just look the same from one day to the next. 999 out of a 1000 stars might do that, but the last star might do something really dramatic and different, get much brighter, get much fainter," Molnar explained. "There are many interesting stars like that that have not been catalogued because people haven't taken the time to sit and watch and wait, but that's something we can do with that small telescope we have."
"We spent the whole night looking at different places in the sky, each with many stars and something interesting might happen. The wonderful thing about real science is you don't know what it's going to be yet," Molnar said. "We're going to show the kids what our students have found and have them look at some stars and see if they can find something of their own."
Molnar split the kids into six groups allowing each of them to look through data collected from the telescope at Rehoboth.
He wanted each of the kids to shift through the variety of stars to see if they could find a variable star.
"One by one the computer is showing them the brightness of an individual star and how it changed through the course of the night. On average nothing changes."
"It was usable for everybody," said Calvin College junior Daniel Van Noord, who created the Fitz Fuller and Data Retrieval System Software used to analyze the stars. "That was part of the reason why I created the software. I am really hoping it instills not only an enjoyment in astronomy but in science in general."
But Molnar said by looking at all the data, there is always a chance that they will find that "one star that does something special."
With luck two groups from the first and second period were able to find that one star, and Molnar said that was amazing.
"I was really happy that the kids found a variable star," Van Noord said because it is not always guaranteed they will find. "Whenever you can get middle school or high school kids excited about science, it is a good thing."
"Science is cool and fun," said Van Noord on what he hopes the students take from their presentation.
"They want to find their own new star," Molnar said about the students of Rehoboth. "I hope they find science is fun and that discovery is fun."
"One of the main things that we try to teach in middle school science is that science is an exploration," said Rehoboth science teacher Chris Huizinga on why he wanted Molnar's class to present their findings to his seventhand eighth-grade classes. "You're trying to find out new information and you're trying to expand your knowledge of the world and the universe around you, this is a great example of students actively doing that."
Huizinga said he hopes his students were able to take away from the presentation that the stuff they are learning in the classroom can be applied to real life scientific searches and discoveries.
"It's not contained to just the science classroom, but it's useable outside. It's something that matters."
Huizinga said the most enjoyable thing about teaching his students about astronomy is that "When they look up at the night sky it's beautiful," and they will be able to appreciate that. "They broaden their view of the night sky."
"I thought it was really interesting learning about all the different kinds of stars out there and the brightness of them. It was really cool," said Brianna Guerrero, 14, student of Rehoboth Christian Middle School. "There are a lot out there and we don't really pay attention to them (stars)."
"I enjoyed the fact that we actually got to look up our own stars and figure out what type of model it was," said Selena Deogado, 13, about the different photos each of the students got to analyze through the software presented.
Added Molnar, "I love just being here because it's beautiful country. I love being here because we get clear skies."
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text:
Loading Custom Tracks
An annotation data file in one of the supported custom track
formats may be uploaded by
any of the following methods:
(Preferred) Enter one or more URLs for custom tracks (one per line) in the data text box. The Genome Browser
supports both the HTTP and FTP (passive-only) protocols.
Click the "Browse" button directly above the URL/data text box, then choose a custom
track file from your local computer, or type the pathname of the file into the
"upload" text box adjacent to the "Browse" button. The custom track data may
be compressed by any of the following programs: gzip (.gz), compress (.Z), or
bzip2 (.bz2). Files containing compressed data must include the appropriate suffix in
Paste the custom annotation text directly into the URL/data text box. Data provided by a URL may
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type=track_type required for some
tracks, for example, "track type=broadPeak".
If a login and password is required to access data loaded through a URL, this information can be
included in the URL using the format protocol://user:firstname.lastname@_URL_. Only
basic authentication is supported for HTTP. Note that passwords included in URLs are
not protected. If a password contains a non-alphanumeric character, such
as $, the character must be replaced by the hexidecimal representation for that character. For
example, in the password mypwd$wk, the $ character should be replaced by %24,
resulting in the modified password mypwd%24wk.


text:
Red Giant Shadow creates a shadow image from any source with options that adjust its shape, blur, position, and more.
- Drag the Shadow effect onto your clip.
- Move the T-bar control to the baseline of the subject creating a shadow.
- Drag the vertical angle control to give the shadow the right slant for the shot.
Modify the Effect
- Shadow Plane contains controls that stipulate where and how the shadow is positioned. Drag the T-bar interface in the composition window to set values visually, or use the controls below to dial in specific values.
- Clip to Bounding Box toggles whether the shadow restricts itself to stay within the area of the source it's applied to. Deactivate this to allow the shadow to expand anywhere within the frame, but note this will drastically increase render times.
- Axis Setup contains basic preset options that control where the base of the shadow's axis sits (Bottom, Top, Left, or Right), with the shadow extending opposite of the position selected. The shadow's axis handles can also be manually moved to any position (Custom).
- Axis Start defines the coordinates of the shadow's left-most reference point.
- Axis End defines the coordinates of the shadow's right-most reference point.
- Slant & Height sets the direction of the shadow, and where it ends. Defines the coordinates of the point extending from the center of the shadow's base, which affects its slant direction and height.
- Axis Color adjusts the color of the axis overlay controls.
- Shadow Style adjusts the appearance of the shadow.
- Shadow Source determines which parts of the source create shadows.
- Alpha creates a shadow based on the source's alpha matte. The more opaque the area is, the stronger the shadow.
- Lightness creates a shadow based on the source's brightness. The brighter the area is, the stronger the shadow. Lightness is based on a histogram of the true brightness values of all three color channels.
- Luminance creates a shadow based on the source's luminance. The more luminant the area is, the stronger the shadow. Luminance is a histogram based on the human perception of the brightness of RGB values, which is most sensitive to green and least sensitive to blue.
- Red, Green, and Blue all create shadows based on the color channel selected. The closer the color is to the color channel, the stronger the shadow.
- Shadow Color sets the color for the shadow created from the source.
- Add 2nd Color allows you to map two colors to the grayscale values of the alpha. The lighter (or more transparent) shadow parts take on the Shadow Color. The more opaque shadow areas take on the Second Color.
- 2nd Color sets the color for darker areas of the shadow.
- Note the second color is applied after the first; if an area's Shadow Source is of equal value, the second color will overwrite the first.
- Opacity controls the transparency of the shadow.
- Softness adjusts the amount of blur applied throughout the shadow. Note that the Softness value can override the Fade if set high enough.
- Softness Aspect controls whether the shadow is softer in the horizontal or vertical direction. The default value is 1, which means the shadow edge is blurred in both directions and its height/width aspect ratio is 1:1. The greater this value is above 1, the more stretched the Softness becomes vertically. If the value is less than 1, then the Softness becomes stretched horizontally.
- Softness Type contains four blur types that increase their distortions based on the one selected
- Simple creates a simple triangular blur across the whole shadow. It does not depend on the shadow's direction.
- Mipmap builds a shadow blur by putting together small and large pre-made bitmap images to cause the shadow to look more blurry as it moves from the baseline. There is a finer blend and softness as the shadow gets farther from the source object.
- Progressive Linear is the default setting, creating a blur based on the direction of the shadow. By using a linear ramp falloff, it is a more gradual-looking blur meant to mimic being a far distance from the source.
- Progressive Square also bases its blur on the direction of the shadow, but uses a square function falloff so the blur falls off slower and doubles in its amount of softness.
- Fade Start adjusts how far the shadow's base point and its edge that remains opaque before transitioning into transparency. The length is a percentage of the total length of the shadow - 50% means the fade will be done by halfway up the shadow if the Fade Start is set to 0.
- Fade Length adjusts the distance between the Fade point set above and full transparency.
- Fade Type has three options that define the gradient used between the Fade Length's start and end points.
- Square gives you the most fade and therefore the most drop-off.
- Inverse Square is the opposite of Square, giving the least amount of fade and drop-off. The drop-off will happen more suddenly at the end.
- Linear uses a linear ramp, the farther away from the baseline, the more faded the shadow will be.
- Scale shadow controls the size of the shadow in relation to its source.
- Offset shadow defines the coordinates for the shadow's image in relation to its axis.
- Shadow Bend puts a linear angle in the shadow to simulate another plane the shadow is falling onto in the distance.
- Enable Bend toggles whether an optional bend is applied midway through the shadow. Once enabled, the Bend Axis overlay control will become visible at the end of your height control. You can use this overlay to position the bend visually, or set the values in the parameters below.
- Bend Axis Center defines the coordinates for where the center of the bend skews itself from.
- Bend Slant & Height defines the coordinates of the point extending from the center of the bend, which affects its slant direction and height.
- Bend Axis Color adjusts the color of the Bend Axis overlay controls.
- Seam Style contains four options that adjust the gradient between the seam and the shadow.
- Constant gives the seam a sharp edge
- Linear (default) uses a linear ramp for the drop-off
- Square gives a lot of fade or drop-off to the seam edge
- Inverse Square gives the seam less fade and the least amount of drop-off.
- Seam Size adjusts the width of the bend's seam.
- Seam Intensity controls the screening of the seam color over its background. Extreme values result in higher opaqueness, with negative values inverting its color.
- Seam Color defines which color is used to depict the bend's seam.
- Shadow Blend controls how the shadow gets blended into the background.
- Gamma compresses the brightness values in the shadow, giving you control over the midpoint or gray level. It allows you to compress or expand/stretch the values in the mid ranges. The range of value is 0.1 to 10, and the default is 1.
Since the shadow is a single color, Gamma will have the visual effect of slightly lightening or darkening the shadow. Values below 1 will lighten the shadow. Values above 1 will make the shadow look darker. If the shadow has some RGB value to it, you will see a color shift along with the brightness and darkness. If the shadow color is true black (R/0, G/0, B/0) then you will only see a light/dark shift.
- Brightness affects the shadow color. This control is actually a 'gain' control, not generating contrast or brightness/dullness. It will compress or expand/stretch the RGB values in the shadow. The range of value is 0 to 10, and the default is 1.
If the shadow color is true black (R/0, G/0, B/0) then Brightness will have no effect on the shadow. You will not see a tonal shift by changing the Brightness value. This is because there isn't a color value to use as an input. Once an RGB value is added to the Shadow Color, then you will see Brightness affect the shadow.
For example, if the Shadow Color selected is a deep red, below a Brightness of 1 the shadow color stays dark because the values are compressed. As the Brightness value goes above 1, the shadow expands the value range and takes on more of the red hue. This is because gain tends to multiply the highlights of an image -- in this case, a single color shadow -- giving it a saturated and intensified look.
- Random Seed controls the kernel used for the fractal noise that is used to render the shadow. The noise pattern helps to eliminate banding in the shadow. This can occur, for instance, if the shadow has an exaggerated Height/Slant angle or a lot of Softness blur applied. If you change Random Seed, you will change the pattern of the noise.
- Fade Noise adds an optional noise effect specifically to the fadeout areas of the shadow. This hides any contouring or banding in the image and helps you to control what the shadow's fadeout looks like. The value range is 0 to 10, and the default is 1.
- Post Softness softens or blurs the noise so it doesn't look as pronounced. This control does not blur or soften the shadow. Instead it affects how the noise is applied to that alpha. The value range is 0 to 10, and the default is 1. If Post Softness is set to 0, there will be a tiny bit of pixel-based noise. Turn Post Softness all the way up and the noise will be completely blurred out. A low value like 2 results in little pixel 'dimples'. This can help the Fade Noise have a more film-like or natural look.
- Source Opacity controls


Approval workflow of timesheet in a few steps:
 1. Submit
 2. Approve/Reject
 3. Lock/Unlock
The process of submitting the hours has been explained in details here.
After the hours have been submitted, depending on how the project has been set, logged hours can be automatically approved or must be approved by a project manager.
How does it know a user if the hours needs to be approved or not?
After the hours have been submit by the user, each status is identified through a color code as explained in the legend from timesheet.
Automatically approved or need review before approvalIn the imagine above the hours submitted on the projects" Axaxio" and "Main App" needs to be approved. The hours submitted on "Glass" project have been automatically approved.
Who can approve/reject the hours submitted on a project?
The persons who have the following access level: "Project Manager", "Project Director", "Accounting" and have been added into the "Project managers" table from the project's page. They will have full access to the project data (rates, allocations).
The person with access level "Administrator" is the only person who can approve or reject hours even if hasn't been added into "Project managers" table from a specific project.
How can be approved/rejected hours submitted on a project?
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Go to "Approve/Reject" tab
If you have hours submitted who needs to be reviewed, these will be shown here as you can see in the imagine below.
Approval workflow for timesheetsYou can use the filters from sidebar to approve hours only for a specific project or for a specific person.
Even more, you have the possibility to add comment for hours who have been submitted.
The hours are approved manually for a better accuracy for each project, phase or activity in part, separately for each week submitted and for each individual.
If you want to approve the hours, click on "Approve" button, otherwise click on "Reject" button.
Approval/Rejection NoteIf you "Approve" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cells with green border.
If you "Reject" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cell with red border.
The user can be notified as well automatically by email if the hours have been approved or rejected.
Timesheet submitted hours versus Hours logged on tasks
As reviewer, you will be able to compare for each user the hours who have been submitted through timesheet versus hours logged on tasks.
Hours can be modified after they have been approved?
No, the person who needs to modify the hours that are already approved, will have to go to his manager/accounting to "Open and resubmit" the hours again.
After the changes are done, the person will have to submit once again the hours, by clicking on "Submit week".
The hours submitted again will be sent to be reviewed once again.
Lock/Unlock hours
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Click on "Lock/Unlock" tab.
Meaning of lock and unlock hoursOnce you "Lock" the hours the hours can not be modified anymore by the users who submitted the hours. This extra layer of security is good for when you want to create a report for the client with the hours who will be invoiced and you want to avoid as an user to change the hours in the meantime after have been already approved.
You have to lock the hours for each week and individual for each week. It's your choice if you want to:
 - Lock only the hours who have been already approved, or
 - Lock all the hours (saved, allocated)
choose if you want to lock all the hours who have been submitted
Who has the right to lock and unlock the hours?
Only the persons who have the following access level: "Accounting" or "Administrator" can lock or unlock the hours.
How can be hours automatically locked?
The hours will be automatically locked only after the invoice has been issued directly from elapseit based on the timesheet logged.
How does a user know if the hours are locked or not?
The hours locked will appears into the timesheet having a lock icon inside the cell.
Locked hours in timesheet
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big as all outdoors
Temple of Olympian Zeus
Though just fifteen columns of the original 104 are still standing, what remains of the Temple of Olympian Zeus is magnificent. Its scale is colossal, and when finally completed by the Roman Emperor Hadrian after 600 years of stop-and-start construction, the marble temple stood as the largest in both Greece and Rome. (During the years of Athenian democracy, the temple was left unfinished because the Greeks of that period thought it anti-democratic to build on such a scale. Aristotle cited the temple as an example of how tyrannies engaged the populace in great works for the state and left them no time, energy or means to rebel.) Size notwithstanding, there is a grace to the design: elegant in their symmetry, the fifty-five foot-tall columns are capped by ornate Corinthian capitals which seem to open up towards the heavens like flower buds A 16th column blew over in 1852 and is still lying where it fell like so many dominoes, giving me the feeling that it's much impressive as a romantic ruin than it ever could have been as a temple.
Temple of Olympian Zeus - fallen column
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text:
Estimating the Effects of Pharmaceutical Innovations on Patients' Employment Outcomes
Publication Date: September 2003
Publisher(s): Pardee Rand Graduate School
Author(s): Yuhua Bao
In recent years, advances in medical technologies have been a major source of the increasing cost of health care in the United States. Society and policymakers must increasingly make hard choices when allocating limited resources among competing uses, and evaluating the benefits and costs of new technologies is becoming more urgent. However, current approaches to evaluating the benefits of medical technologies often ignore employment-related benefits, thus undervaluing interventions that improve functioning and productivity among the working-age population. This dissertation reviews evidence of employment-related benefits resulting from effective treatment. The author developed a model showing that the observed incremental labor supply is a result both of more-effective treatment and of other factors such as eligibility for employment-based or public health insurance, both of which are tied to employment status. She then conducted two empirical studies to estimate the employment effects of treatment-one on the effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV patients' employment transitions, the other on the effect of recent improvements in pharmacological therapies for hypertension. The author concludes that when translating estimated employment effects into employment-related benefits, one must be aware of possible labor market adjustments associated with the change and base the analysis on labor market equilibria.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let's say I have time series of stock prices for many stocks. What's the best way to sort the stocks based on which have been going up/stayed the same relative to others? Can this be done with a weighted average, putting more weight on the most recent numbers, to account for trends?
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migrated from stats.stackexchange.com Oct 18 '11 at 17:51
A question for the quant.SE probably. The whole problem is defining what is valuable. The result will depend on this definition. – mpiktas Mar 1 '11 at 6:50
Well, I'm trying to define the problem. I started with a plain average, but I want to weigh more recent data higher. So thus weighted average. – user2664 Mar 2 '11 at 3:34
Since this user has long since left stack exchange, we are left wondering whether he really was looking to measure value, or merely momentum (as his explanation of value implies). I have edited the question assuming the user intended to ask how to compute momentum. – Tal Fishman Oct 18 '11 at 18:33
4 Answers 4
This entire approach hinges on how you define "value." Once you've defined value, you can define a metric for "stability" or "risk." A working hypothesis would be that stock that have been stably valuable in the past would continue to be valuable in the future. Of course, this is a hypothesis.
Let's say (for sake of an example, this is not financial advice) you define value as "mean of log returns" and stability as "standard deviation of log returns." You could then sort your stocks by these metrics and pick ones with a high value and a low risk.
If you want to get fancy, you can use another metric of risk, such as drawdown. You can also do a rolling analysis or use bootstrap re-sampling to distributions around your "value" and "stability" metrics.
Here's some code in R that illustrates my example:
_TAG_ Data
rm(list = ls(all = TRUE)) _TAG_ WORKSPACE
myStocks <- c('AAPL','MSFT','GOOG','F')
Data <- na.omit(cbind(Cl(AAPL),Cl(MSFT),Cl(GOOG),Cl(F)))
names(Data) <- myStocks
_TAG_ value and risk
returns <- function(x) {diff(log(x))}
value <- function(x) {mean(returns(x))}
risk <- function(x) {sd(returns(x))}
_TAG_ value and risk
StockScreen <- data.frame( risk=apply(as.matrix(Data),2,risk),
_TAG_ value and risk, different risk measure
risk <- function(x) {maxDrawdown(returns(x))}
_TAG_ value and risk measure
bootstrap <- function(x) {
 reps <- as.data.frame(meboot(as.ts(x), reps=100)$ensemble)
 valueDistribution <- apply(reps,2,value)
 riskDistribution <- apply(reps,2,risk)
 valueMean <- mean(valueDistribution)
 valueSD <- sd(valueDistribution)
 riskMean <- mean(riskDistribution)
 riskSD <- sd(riskDistribution)
bootstrapScreen <- ldply(as.list(Data),bootstrap,.progress = "text")
row.names(bootstrapScreen) <- bootstrapScreen$.id
bootstrapScreen$.id <- NULL
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you might want to rank stocks on the basis of standard dev of a forecast divided by the forecast. In this way the "tighter" the value the more predictable the stock.
share|improve this answer
what do you mean by forecast? can you please elaborate via an example, thanks. – user2664 Mar 23 '11 at 0:12
Doesn't "predictable" have to do with the relationship between a forecast and reality rather than with the coefficient of variation? In the context of the question, a highly variable stock (high beta) that nevertheless trends upward rapidly (high alpha) would be considered "valuable" but a low-beta ("predictable") stock that trends downwards consistently would be considered the opposite of "valuable". – whuber Mar 29 '11 at 22:07
_USER_, yes that's something that I'm trying to create a model for... – user2664 Mar 30 '11 at 2:23
It sounds as if you would be interested in computing Relative Strength
You could either measure it against a benchmark index such as the Dow 30, or compute your own index from your 50 stocks and measure each individual stock against the index.
-Ralph Winters
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What you are describing is momentum investing. It is typically done in two steps:
 1. Compute a momentum statistic from past prices/returns.
 2. Compare momentum statistics across all equities in your universe.
Step 1 is typically done using a moving average of past returns (it is wrong to use prices because splits and dividends will skew the results). This can be done using a simple moving average, or using exponentially weighted moving averages. In either case, your results will depend strongly on the window/half-life of the moving average. For equity momentum, most studies use momentum in the last 6-12 months excluding the most recent month or so.
Step 2 may be done either using an ad hoc sorting rule (Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) use top/bottom deciles) or with the aid of a risk model.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
- Family: Cyprinidae (Minnows and Carps)
- Other Names: Mirror carp, leather carp, koi
- Ohio Status: Introduced
- Adult Size: Typically 15-30 inches, can reach over 40 inches. Usually weighs 5-10 pounds, can reach 50-60 pounds.
- Typical Foods: Will eat a wide variety of items including, insect larvae, crustaceans, mollusks, some aquatic plants, fish eggs, and even small fish.
The common carp can be easily identified by several features. First, there are two barbels on each side of the mouth. No other species that closely resembles the carp has these barbels. Second, the dorsal and anal fins have spines at the front edge of the fins that are serrated. Most carp are bronze-gold to golden yellow on the sides and yellowish white on the belly. Partially scaled or scaleless individuals are frequently caught by fishermen: these are known as "half-scaled," "mirror" or "leather" carp. Also brightly colored common carp are known as "koi" and are often sold as ornamental fish for garden ponds. Common carp differ from goldfish by having the two sets of barbels and by having a dark spot at the base of each scale.
Habitat and Habits
Carp prefer warm lakes, streams, ponds and sloughs with a lot of organic matter. They do not multiply readily in clear, cold water. They are tolerant of very poor water quality. They root around on the bottom while feeding often uprooting vegetation and making the water very turbid (murky).
Reproduction and Care of the Young
Spawning begins in late April and continues into June. Large females lay between 100,000 and 500,000 eggs in vegetation with water depths between one and four feet. Young carp remain in these vegetated areas until they are three to four inches in length and eat primarily small crustaceans.


text:
Last summer, staff at the Arbor Day Farm greenhouse reached out to a select group of members for their help with our hazelnut project.
The Foundation and its Hybrid Hazelnut Consortium partners – Rutgers University, Oregon State University and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln – have worked since 2008 to develop disease-resistant hybrid hazelnuts that will thrive in a variety of soils and climates.
For years, we have been collecting hybrid hazelnuts from participating members, in hopes of getting closer to that so-called "super hazelnut."
The results have been fascinating. Hazelnuts we've gotten back here in Nebraska have been brown, almost black, some even reddish, and of varying sizes. All are healthy and critical to our continued research. Read more about it at the Lied Lodge & Arbor Day Farm Blog.
The benefits of hazelnuts as a perennial woody crop are profound. The leafy bushes are ideal for absorbing carbon dioxide through much of the year. The plants are drought and flood resistant, thus able to be maintained without heavy labor. And, protein-rich nuts provide a healthy source of nutrition for the planet's expanding population. One day, they could help feed healthy nations.
It's happening right here at Arbor Day Farm in Nebraska City – and in the yards of our members across the country.
Photos courtesy of Arbor Day Farm.