text: A sunfleck is basically a bright spot or dapple of light. The term is frequently used in an ecological context to describe bright spots of light reaching the forest floor. They result from the random movement of tree leaves tossed about in a breeze on a sunny day. This has huge consequences for the plants living in the understory. Plants often acclimate to local light conditions by producing leaves adapted to full sun (curiously enough, called sun leaves) or to full shade (shade leaves). Imagine being a small plant growing quietly in the shadow of large trees. Suddenly a sunfleck arrives, bathing your shade leaves in brilliant light. What a jolt. Leaf temperature suddenly climbs, water rapidly evaporates from your leaf surfaces and photosynthesis rate goes way up. Then just as quickly, the light disappears. Back to normal, only to have the light return a few seconds later. No such thing as getting used to your environment, because it's always changing. The transient changes in biochemistry produced by sunflecks are fascinating and are the subject of ongoing scientific study. For example click here.


text:
Major Section: BREAK-REWRITE
Example: (brr@ :target) ; the term being rewritten (brr@ :unify-subst) ; the unifying substitutionwhere
General Form: (brr@ :symbol)
:symbolis one of the following keywords. Those marked with
*probably require an implementor's knowledge of the system to use effectively. They are supported but not well documented. More is said on this topic following the table.
:symbol (brr@ :symbol) ------- ---------------------In general
:target the term to be rewritten. This term is an instantiation of the left-hand side of the conclusion of the rewrite-rule being broken. This term is in translated form! Thus, if you are expecting (equal x nil) -- and your expectation is almost right -- you will see (equal x 'nil); similarly, instead of (cadr a) you will see (car (cdr a)). In translated forms, all constants are quoted (even nil, t, strings and numbers) and all macros are expanded.
:unify-subst the substitution that, when applied to :target, produces the left-hand side of the rule being broken. This substitution is an alist pairing variable symbols to translated (!) terms.
:wonp t or nil indicating whether the rune was successfully applied. (brr@ :wonp) returns nil if evaluated before :EVALing the rule.
:rewritten-rhs the result of successfully applying the rule or else nil if (brr@ :wonp) is nil. The result of successfully applying the rule is always a translated (!) term and is never nil.
:failure-reason some non-nil lisp object indicating why the rule was not applied or else nil. Before the rule is :EVALed, (brr@ :failure-reason) is nil. After :EVALing the rule, (brr@ :failure-reason) is nil if (brr@ :wonp) is t. Rather than document the various non-nil objects returned as the failure reason, we encourage you simply to evaluate (brr@ :failure-reason) in the contexts of interest. Alternatively, study the ACL2 function tilde-@- failure-reason-phrase.
:lemma * the rewrite rule being broken. For example, (access rewrite-rule (brr@ :lemma) :lhs) will return the left-hand side of the conclusion of the rule.
:type-alist * a display of the type-alist governing :target. Elements on the displayed list are of the form (term type), where term is a term and type describes information about term assumed to hold in the current context. The type-alist may be used to determine the current assumptions, e.g., whether A is a CONSP.
:ancestors * a stack of frames indicating the backchain history of the current context. The theorem prover is in the process of trying to establish each hypothesis in this stack. Thus, the negation of each hypothesis can be assumed false. Each frame also records the rules on behalf of which this backchaining is being done and the weight (function symbol count) of the hypothesis. All three items are involved in the heuristic for preventing infinite backchaining. Exception: Some frames are ''binding hypotheses'' (equal var term) or (equiv var (double-rewrite term)) that bind variable var to the result of rewriting term.
:gstack * the current goal stack. The gstack is maintained by rewrite and is the data structure printed as the current ''path.'' Thus, any information derivable from the :path brr command is derivable from gstack. For example, from gstack one might determine that the current term is the second hypothesis of a certain rewrite rule.
brr@-expressionsare used in break conditions, the expressions that determine whether interactive breaks occur when monitored runes are applied. See monitor. For example, you might want to break only those attempts in which one particular term is being rewritten or only those attempts in which the binding for the variable
ais known to be a
consp. Such conditions can be expressed using ACL2 system functions and the information provided by
brr@. Unfortunately, digging some of this information out of the internal data structures may be awkward or may, at least, require intimate knowledge of the system functions. But since conditional expressions may employ arbitrary functions and macros, we anticipate that a set of convenient primitives will gradually evolve within the ACL2 community. It is to encourage this evolution that
brr@provides access to the

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Provided by: logtools_0.13e+nmu2_amd64
clfsplit - split Common-Log Format web logs based on IP address
clfsplit [--help] [-i input] -d defaultfile -f file -s spec [-f file -s spec]
The clfsplit will split up large CLF format web logs based on IP address. This is for creating separate log analysis passes for internal and external users of web pages.
The defaultfile parameter specifies where data goes if it doesn't match any of the IP ranges. This could be /dev/null depending on your aims. The -i input parameter gives the file to take input from (default standard input). The -f file parameter must be given before the list of IP addresses. The spec parameter is the IP addresses that go to the file in question. It is of the form start[-end][:start[-end]] where start and end specify the start and ends of ranges of IPs. Also the CIDR notation can be used or a single IP address. If there is a large number of IP ranges then a file name can be given which contains a set of IP ranges, one range per line.
0 No errors 1 Bad parameters 2 Can't open input 3 Can't open/write to output file 4 Can't open and read from spec file
This program, its manual page, and the Debian package were written by Russell Coker .

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The omni-directional mobility gear (立体機動装置 Rittai kidō sōchi?) is a type of equipment developed by humans that allows great mobility when facing the Titans in combat. It allows the user to fight in a 3D space as opposed to a 2D one. The equipment itself takes the form of a body harness that encompasses much of the body below the neck.
Although the equipment can grant a skilled user tremendous mobility, it is a demanding art that requires both strength and skill, both of which must be honed through constant practice.
Some tools involved in the apparatus include:
 - Hand grips
 - Piston-shot grapple-hooks
 - Gas-powered mechanism
 - Iron wire propeller with plug-in blades
Soldiers using ODM gear
The simplest move possible with the ODM gear is simply aiming and firing the grapple hooks at an object and then activating the gas mechanism to reel oneself toward the said object. They can then disconnect the hook and continue moving forward.
Usually however, soldiers must be able to move around in order to navigate in general. Therefore, they tend to use their momentum in order to swing around targets, not only in rectilinear patterns, but also slaloming between objects and Titans. The gas mechanism is so powerful that it can stop a person from falling without using the hooks.[1]
The ODM gear tends to be less efficient in open spaces because the user does not have too many spots where the hooks can be reeled. However, the hooks are able to pierce Titan flesh and ODM gear can be as fast or even faster than a Titan.
More advanced techniques include changing directions while still being reeled in as demonstrated by Jean Kirschtein.[2]
Main Housing — The winch resides inside a housing, located on the wearer's lower back. There are two independent shafts, with spools of steel wire.[3]
Controller Grip — The system is control via a pair of hand held controllers which also serve as hilts for the wearer's swords. The inner workings of the controllers are a closely guarded secret. The technical department manages and improves this system under strict security.[3] The top trigger fires the anchor with the bottom trigger firing compressed gas. Pulling the lever reels the wire back in, letting go makes it stop. The hammer switch located at the back allows the angle of fire for both anchor mechanisms to be adjusted while the auxiliary switchs release and lock the blades in place. The control grip is approximately 18cm in height.
Compressed Gas Cylinder — Two cylinders, one on each sheath, store compressed gas which is used to both fire and retract the grapples.[3]
Blades — The blades are made from an Ultrahard steel, which is both supple and strong, capable of rending Titan flesh. It can only be manufactured in the blast furnaces of factory cities.[4] Soldiers usually carry more blades in boxes built at the sides of their thighs.
Turbine — Gas from the cylinders is blown directly into the turbine powers the winch to retract the grapple cables. The pressure of the gas is regulated to control how quickly the cable are retracted.[5]
ODM gear training is a rigorous process that allows humans, which are limited to two-dimensional movements, to adapt to movement in the third dimension.[6]
Great physical strength, particularly in the legs, coupled with spatial recognition abilities, as well as the mental strength to not waver in the midst of a panic, are crucial qualities.[6]
One of the first things done after enlisting in training is the ODM gear aptitude evaluation. Those unable to remain upright are dismissed.
Those incapable [of staying upright] aren't suited to even be used as decoys![7]
Three years of training are needed before officially becoming a soldier. Many run away or are driven out before graduating. The training is so intense that some people actually die during the process.[8]
The training strengthens the soldiers' muscles to a degree far greater than any normal civilian when you consider the requirement of force of acceleration, shock of landing, performing consecutive quick leaps repeatedly and accelerating at extremely high speeds. This leads to the soldiers acquiring a low body fat percentage.
 - The Beast Titan showed great interest in the ODM gear, apparently having never encountered it before his meeting with Miche Zacharius.[9]
 - A variation of this device involves using the standard body and harnesses of the equipment, but replacing the sword blades with explosive rods used to incapacitate or destroy armored opponents (such as the Armored Titan).
 1. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 24
 2. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 17
 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Attack on Titan anime: Episode 8 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 4. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 6 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 5. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 9 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 6. 6.0 6.1 Attack on Titan anime: Episode 3 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 7. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 3
 8. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 5
 9. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 26


Raising the Juvenile age in Florida.
Updated: Jul 3, 2019
For example: if an 18-year-old high school student that is in the 12th grade being that he or she has not graduated yet be considered as a juvenile or teenager and be accepted with the other students as those of his or her peers. why is it if the 18 year old committing a crime on the school grounds along with his 17 year old classmate be treated as an adult and receive a harsher punishment then the 17 yr. old, when it has been scientifically proven that they both share the same mental capability of decision making.also if twins are born 5 min apart 11:57 pm and 12:02 am.one would turn 18 years old, 5 minutes before the other. If they went out and celebrated their party and just so happens that after or during the celebration the one turning 18 gets into a fight and the other twin jumps in to help-and kills someone before the last twin turn 18 but the first twin is already 18 by 5 minutes. Would that make a difference in the sentence? So why is an 18-yr. old treated differently than the 17yr old when they both are still teenagers with the same mental capability. many other states have taken this into consideration-in favor of an 18-yr. old being treated the same as a 17-yr. old. Florida has failed to acknowledge the scientific facts in support of. I was offered a plea for 26 yrs..so why am I sitting in prison with 2 natural life sentences without the possibility of parole after age 23yrs in here. At the time of sentencing being that I was 18 and unknowledgeable about the law and working with a public defender I thought I would win the case.. My purpose for my Motion is in Hopes that I would get assistance with getting out of Prison.
Certain things about Florida & it's Law
In most states, the age of majority is 18. However, a few other factors can affect the age of majority, including marriage and emancipation. Below, you'll find information about legal ages and its laws in Florida, including when minors can sue and eligibility requirements for emancipation.
The age in Florida is 18. This means that when you turn 18, you gain almost all the legal rights that adults have. Some of those include the right to vote and getting a driver's license without parental permission. Turning 18 also comes with responsibilities, like the ability to be sued in court, and serving on a jury.
Even if you are under 18, you may be able to get some rights normally reserved for adults if you are emancipated legally. This means that a court declares you to be a legal adult even if you are underage. Normally, you must be at least sixteen years old to be eligible for emancipation.
The legal age to marry in Florida is 18. However, with parental permission, you may get married as young as 16. In Florida, marriage is a form of emancipation, which means that you will get many of the rights and responsibilities that come with being an adult.
You must be 18 years old to enter into a contract. However, if you are under 18, you still may be able to sue to enforce a contract, but the other party may not be able to sue to enforce the contract against you. As well, students as young as 16 may be able to enter into loan contracts for higher education expenses.
In most cases, you must be 18 to sue someone. If you are not, you must have your guardian or personal representative sue on your behalf.
Even if you are underage, committing certain criminal offenses can result in Prosecution as an adult. This can occur as a "waiver" when the judge moves the case from juvenile court to adult court, when a crime excluded from juvenile prosecution is charged, or when a prosecutor has the discretion to file the case in juvenile or adult court. Some crimes, like truancy, can only be charged against minors.
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A Geologic Odyssey: From Field Curiosity About Nodules to Technical Abstract
Developing geologic ideas about fault-related calcium-carbonate nodules, progress toward better understanding of natural phenomena
By Dave Love and Mike Whitworth
Observations of calcium-carbonate-cemented sandstone nodules adjacent to fault scarps south of Albuquerque leads to asking: What is the origin of these nodules?
Cemented nodules weathering from carbonate-coated sand down-gradient from fault
(locality 1 of geologic stetting)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone suggesting horizontal fingered flow
(nodule 2)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented sandstone suggesting anastomosing three-dimensional flow
(nodule 3)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone with calcified root mat preservation
(nodule 1)
(click image to zoom)
Organizing the Odyssey:
 1. Definitions
 2. Geologic setting
 3. Field observations
 4. Laboratory observations
 5. Hypothesis
 6. Using the hypothesis to develop a semi-quantitative model to test the hypothesis
 7. Discussion and variations
 8. Abstract
 9. References


text:
Field Biology Laboratory
The field biology laboratory is not only a space for the continuing study of the flora and fauna of North Carolina, but is also a rich source of archival materials collected over many decades. The lab contains a collection of study skins and mounts of birds native to North Carolina, and a collection of bird nests from the Piedmont region. This laboratory houses two historical collections of bird eggs gathered in the 1800s, including the T. Gilbert Pearson egg collection. In addition, students have access to a herbarium of North Carolina plants, and reference collections of preserved reptiles, amphibians, and mammal skulls of species native to North Carolina and beyond.
Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory
Students investigate various aspects of human physiology using computer-based software for recording electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and electroencephalograms. Advanced studies in neuroscience include the recording of individual neuronal action potentials. An associated laboratory for field studies in fisheries biology houses a complete array of equipment for the investigation of aquatic ecology, limnology, and ichthyology.
Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology Facility
Standard and advanced equipment in the molecular biology and microbial genetics lab provide students with the tools for the study of the phylogenetic relationship between microbial organisms and the molecular analysis of signaling processes in nematodes. In their independent research projects, students utilize instrumentation for the growth of organisms under a variety of conditions, and the isolation, purification and quantification of genomic DNA. Students routinely utilize the techniques of PCR, Pulsed-field Gel electrophoresis, fluorescent microscopy, recombinant DNA technologies and RNAi. The department has two fully-equipped laboratories dedicated to independent, student research projects.
Forensic Biology Laboratory
The forensic biology laboratory supports advanced forensics students in Molecular Cell Biology and Forensic Anthropology. Students pursue the identification of drugs and toxins utilizing the gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph, which provides definitive identification of these substances. The laboratory is also where students investigate a variety of topics related to cause of death, e.g., identification of diatoms related to deaths by drowning, and skeletal damage due to ballistics, cutting and blunt force trauma. The highlight of the Forensic Anthropology course, the investigation of clandestine graves, utilizes the equipment and archival materials of the forensic biology lab for this capstone experience in forensics.
Forensic Chemistry Laboratory
Students utilize research-grade microscopes for the analysis of trace forensic evidence, and explore a variety of chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints. Forensic chemistry students employ the fully automated Shimadzu QP 2010 gas chromatography-mass spectrograph for the definitive identification of illegal drugs. Another major focus of the laboratory experience is the preparation of forensic DNA Profiles. After DNA extraction, forensic STR loci (including the CODIS loci) are amplified with the 9700 Thermocycler. Fluorescence detection of STR alleles is accomplished with one of the ABI 310 Genetic Analyzers. The ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR system is used to monitor DNA extraction from unusual forensic samples such as dentition. Computer-based GeneMapper software allows students to complete the construction of human DNA Profiles encompassing fifteen STR forensic markers.


text:
Nine organisations from five countries, namely, Greece, Turkey, Malta, Spain and Ireland formulated the project idea and established the SeaofSkills Consortium.
Four principles guided the formation of the Partnership:
The principles were specified through the following axes:
- Expertise on the identified cognitive areas covering the fisheries and the vocational education and training sectors.
- Track record on implementing activities through which scientific knowledge is applied in practice and positively impact stakeholders.
- Technical know-how in undertaking activities required for the implementation of the project.
- Experience and quality of work in conducting EU funded and/or nationally funded projects.
- Identified skills and competences in European Qualifications Framework (EQF) terms.
- Geographical coverage by creating a virtual arrow of co-operation starting from Turkey and Greece, going through Malta, Spain and Ireland, where systems are different but with the same interests, those of social wellbeing and prosperity, as well as development and economic growth.
- The level of closeness to the identified target groups, which facilitates the mapping of their needs, while assuring their engagement and subsequently the sustainability of the project's outcomes.
- Vision of contributing beyond the scope of the project towards bringing sustainable impact to relevant stakeholders and community at local, national, regional and European level.


text:
Crystal Paper Crafts
Something a little more challenging for the grown ups - fold up crystals! Simply print out the template below, colour it in, then cut out and fold up! All instructions are included in the print out.
Materials you will need are:
- Print out
- Craft knife & cutting board or scissors (craft knife may give better results)
- Glue stick
- Colouring materials of your choice
Please remember to take care when using knives, scissors, or other sharp tools, and do not let children do this activity unsupervised.
3D Crystal Tower


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am creating a search using MySQL & PHP on an existing table structure.
Multiple search keywords can be entered and the user can opt to either match ALL or ANY. The any form is not too difficult, but i am breaking my head on writing an efficient solution for the AND form.
The following is about the AND form, so all the search keywords must be found.
The 2 tables i have to work with (search in) have a structure as follows:
Table1 - item_id (non-unique) - text
Table2 - item_id (unique) - text_a - text_b - text_c
(The real solution will also have a 3rd table, but that is structure the same way as Table1. Table2 will have around 20 searchable columns)
Table1 can have multiple rows for each item_id with different text.
Consider having only 2 search keywords (can be more in real live), then both must exist in: - both in a single row/column or: - in 2 different columns of maybe different tables. or: - in 2 different rows with the same item_id (in case of both keywords found in different rows of Table1)
All i could come up with are very intensive sub-queries but that would bring the server down or the response times would be huge.
As i am using PHP i could use intermediate queries and store the results for use in a later final query.
Anyone some good suggestions?
Edit: There where requests for real examples, so here it goes.
Consider the following 2 tables with data:
Table 1
| item_id | t1_text_a | t1_text_b | t1_text_c | t1_text_d |
| 1 | aaa bbb | NULL | ccc | ddd |
| 2 | aaa ccc | ddd | fff | ggg |
| 3 | bbb | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| item_id | sequence | t2_text |
| 1 | 1 | kkk lll |
| 2 | 1 | kkk |
| 2 | 2 | lll |
| 3 | 1 | mmm |
PS In the real database (which i can not change, so full text indexes or changes to table definition are not an option) Table1 has about 20 searchable columns and there are 2 tables like Table2. This should not make a difference to the solution, although it is something to consider from a performance perspective.
Example searches:
Keywords: aaa bbb
Should return:
- item_id=1. Both keywords are found in column t1_text_a.
Keywords: ccc ddd
Should return:
- item_id=1. "ccc" is found in t1_text_c, "ddd" is found in t1_text_d.
- item_id=2. "ccc" is found in t1_text_a, "ddd" is found in t1_text_b.
Keywords: kkk lll
Should return:
- item_id=1. Both keywords found in a single row of Table2 in column t2_text.
- item_id=2. Both keywords found in Table2, but in separate rows with the same item_id.
Keywords: bbb mmm
Should return:
- item_id=3. "bbb" is found in table1.t1_text_a, "mmm" is found in table2.t2_text.
My progress so far
I actually, for now, gave up on trying to catch this in mostly SQL.
What i did do is to create a query for each table retrieving any row that matches at least 1 of the search keywords. If there is only 1 search keyword the query uses a LIKE, otherwise a REGEXP 'keyword1|keyword2'.
These rows are put in a PHP array with the item_id as the index, and a concatenation of all the strings (searchable columns) as value. When finished retrieving all possible rows, i search the array for rows that match all keywords in the concatenated field.
Most likely not the best solution and it will not scale very well if the search will return many candidate rows with at least 1 match.
share|improve this question
Don't be shy... show what you've tried – Tom H. Oct 19 '11 at 15:58
Nobody got an idea? – Marco Oct 24 '11 at 4:22
add comment
1 Answer
It's hard to provide you with a finite answer since you do not give a lot of details about your case. But maybe this can give you a starting point:
SELECT * FROM table1 AS tbl1
INNER JOIN table2 AS tbl2
tbl1.text LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl1.text LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_a LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_a LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_b LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_b LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_c LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_c LIKE %search_word2%
You can adapt with JOIN, INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN and the different LIKE and AND/OR statements to obtain the result you're looking for. Google some join examples with LIKE statements for more details.
But as Tom H. said, it'd be better if you could post a more precise table structure and a real exemple of search terms...
share|improve this answer
Thanks for trying to answer my question, but this doesn't work. If it was only this simple... Your query will only return rows where all search keywords are found in all columns. The search should return values where all keywords are found in any column or row. I thought that my original post contained enough information, but will try to create a real example test case and update the question. – Marco Oct 20 '11 at 2:52
First post updated with better examples. – Marco Oct 20 '11 at 3:49
add comment
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
what are the differences between eval and alias commands?
x='ls -d -l $HOME'
eval $x
alias y='ls -l -d $HOME'
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Mostly semantics. While combining your command strings into variables is useful for scripting purposes, it isn't good for aliasing. One visible reason is completion - while various completion scripts, like bash_completion might be able to deal with aliases (which sadly never happened to be my case), making them assume that variables are extendable to commands could make it somehow messy.
Second reason is alias allows you to make command shortcuts without using any magic command nor character like $ to run them. This way the substitution is transparent and it allows to override default settings for some programs. One good example is ls, which is often aliased as ls --color=auto by default. Users don't have to know that to see colored output. Some distributions alias rm and related commands as rm -i, so they work in interactive mode and can prevent accidental removals.
Variables on the other hand may be useful for some uses that don't require mimicking binaries. A wide and good example is EDITOR environmental variable. It makes it possible not only to run your favorite editor using $EDITOR, but also makes other programs (which may not have access to shell) able to run it, taking it's value from their execution environment.
There might be some other things I'm not aware of, but the outcome is the same: those commands are to be used as they're intended.
share|improve this answer
Aliases are not to be used in scripts (disabled by default in non-interactive shells. You can even combine several aliases (like several strings for eval). But aliases don't give you the nice level of indirection which you get from the command line getting parsed twice:
text1=foo; text2=bar; text3=fubar
for((i=1;i<4;i++)); do
 eval echo \$text${i}
I admit this could be done without eval (varname=text${i}; echo ${!varname}). But when constructing commands I would always use eval.
shell-expand-line (M-C-e) works with neither without errors. :-)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Hangzhou's climate is Humid Subtropical with four distinctive seasons. The average annual temperature in Hangzhou is 16.2°C (61.2°F). The summers are hot and humid, while winters are relatively cool and dry. In July, the hottest month, the average temperature is approximately 33.8°C (92.8°F); in January the average temperature is about 3.6°C (38.5°F). Hangzhou receives an average annual rainfall of 1450 mm. In mid-summer, Hangzhou, along with other cities in Zhejiang province, suffer typhoon storms, but typhoons seldom strike it directly. Generally they make land along the southern coast of Zhejiang, and affect Hangzhou with str ong winds and stormy rains.
 Avg High ℃ 8 10 14 20 26 29 33 32 28 23 17 11
 Avg Low ℃ 2 12 17 22 25 25 21 15 4
Source: MSN Weather
For more information about Hangzhou tour, check _URL_
Hangzhou is a travel destination which has four traditional seasons, predictable by the standard calendar. The summers are warm and the winters are cool. In spring, everything is in bloom and in autumn there are colored leaves everywhere. Because of this, it is relatively comfortable to visit the area at any time of year and travelers can pretty much be guaranteed beautiful natural scenery during any month. Visitors interested in seeing the plants in bloom but missing the bulk of the rain should aim for heading to the area just after the rainy season ends in late June. Travelers interested in enjoying winter activities should wait until at least December if not early January. This is when the snow falls in the area, covering the lake and making the area particularly beautiful.
In terms of actual temperature, the hottest month of the year is July which has an average high temperature of just over ninety degrees. The coldest month of the year is January when temperatures hover just above freezing. The wettest month of the year is usually June, which averages eight inches of rain and the driest months are the winter months. Travelers can obtain comprehensive annual climate information for the area at _URL_


General Question
longgone's avatar
Will you help me with this (easy) maths question?
Asked by longgone (8274 points ) December 11th, 2013
I am tutoring my sister. Both of us understand the question, we've solved it, and now we're stuck.
Here it is:
Lanor and Matt are having a race on a 400m track. Lanor runs 220m/minute, Matt 180m. How long until Lanor laps Matt?
Now, obviously, the answer is 10 minutes. Lanor needs to run 400m more than Matt to lap him, and she covers forty extra metres per minute. So, 400/40, which is ten. What I can't do is express this in an equation, explaining how I got there. Can anyone help?
Observing members: 0 Composing members: 0
4 Answers
ragingloli's avatar
180X+400=220X |-180X
400=40X |:40
longgone's avatar
Yes. Of course. I, uh…I knew that all along.
Can't believe it's that easy. Many thanks!!
LostInParadise's avatar
You can also go with your original idea using relative velocity. Relative velocity is not usually taught in school, but it is completely legitimate and simplifies a lot of problems. Relative to Matt, Lanor runs 220 m/min – 180 m/min =40m/min. You want to know when the relative distance is 400 m. 400m / 40 m/min = 10 minutes.
longgone's avatar
Thanks, _USER_, that could be useful for further explaining.
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text:
Chris Hipkins keeps re-defining and lowering the standards of the Labour party with his Hipkins Standard. Today he has had a flick at PPP's and forgets his Labour party history, which is strange considering he worked in Clark's office.
This is highly amusing, as Labour passed the legislation allowing PPPs… and he should also talk to Annette king who was quite keen on PPPs as a concept:
The new Local Government Act of 2002 provided new possibilities for local authorities to work in partnership with other institutions, including central government, other councils, the private sector, and communities. The 2002 Act allowed the greater use of PPPs and required a PPP policy to be prepared and adopted as part of the long-term council community plan (now called long-term plan).
One year later, the Land Transport Management Act 2003 allowed public road controlling authorities to enter PPP-style concession agreements (see Figure 1) with third parties to build or operate roads. The term of the concession could not exceed 35 years and the responsible Minister had to approve any such agreement.
Hipkins' criticism of having someone actually overseeing the PPP is also in line with the Office of the Auditor General's recommendations:
Lessons learned so far from the process include:
- the need for clear project outcomes;
- the importance of PPP expertise in leading and managing the project;
- the need for senior managers to support and invest their time in the project; and
- the need for clear communication about the outcomes being sought.


text:
|Product #: ELP402698|
MODEL DRAWING FOR CHALLENGING WORDPROBLEMS
Take the Singapore model-drawing strategy to the next level!
Go beyond an introductory look at the process by extending the basic techniques and learning how to apply them to higher-level problems. Author Lorraine Walker, an experienced math teacher, invites teachers to try each problem on their own. Then she lets them "look inside her head" as she decides how to approach the problem and sets up an appropriate model. Includes plenty of reproducible practice problems and even a "final exam." (A complete solution key, with a suggested model for solving each problem, is suggested model for solving each problem, is included.) (6-9) 160 pp.
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Let's start with a simple question: how accurate is your gaming mouse? If your answer is in terms of DPI--maybe the number you've read off the side of the mouse' package--you're omitting a lot of attributes and variables that affect the accuracy and performance of a typical mouse. That's part of the reason it's difficult to objectively evaluate a gaming mouse. So much of user experience lies in subjective factors: the physical sculpting and weight of a mouse, your preference for button surface textures, etc. These are the things that you notice immediately and affect your day-to-day use, while sensor quality more often than not just has to pass a threshold of acceptable responsiveness and accuracy for non-professional gamers.
When I visited Logitech's Borel Innovation Center facility last week, I spoke with the company's engineers about the process of designing a gaming mouse and learned about the tracking variables that they care about when testing mouse accuracy.
Full disclosure: Logitech paid for my trip to their laboratories in Lausanne, Switzerland, but we were under no obligation to produce video or write about anything I saw there. The information I learned from Logitech's engineers is genuinely interesting to me from both a consumer and product reviewer's perspective, and the insights about mouse tracking variables are applicable any gaming mouse, whether it's made by Logitech or a competitor.
Logitech Senior Engineer François Morier explained that when developing tracking sensors for new generations of gaming mice, engineers look to four areas for improvement. They are, as indicated in the photo below: Tracking Quality, Surface Coverage, Power Consumption, and Size Reduction. These goals are relatively self-explanatory; it makes sense for Logitech to want to improve the accuracy of their sensors while also reducing its size and power consumption. But advancements in each of these areas doesn't always happen concurrently, nor are they always complimentary. Improving surface coverage, like being able to use a mouse on transparent glass, may come at the cost of accuracy or power consumption because a different imager technology is used. The advancement of each goal may require a tradeoff with another, and it's the job of mouse engineers to figure out the right balance of features to meet the needs of different users.
If you use a wired gaming mouse on a mousepad, the attribute you likely care about most is Tracking Quality. That's where specs like DPI comes in. DPI (dots per inch) is a metric taken from printer technology, and corresponds with the resolution of the mouse sensor. Mouse engineers actually refer to this as CPI, or counts per inch, because that more accurately describes what the sensor imager is doing when reading the data of light reflecting off the mouse surface. Think of it the megapixels of a camera.
Something interesting I learned was that an increase in DPI doesn't necessary imply a larger sensor imager. Just like with the megapixel myth in photography, a higher DPI isn't always better. It depends on how that higher number is achieved. In the case of mice, where the sensor size is often fixed for cost or physical space constraints, the higher DPI resolution is achieved through magnification in the plastic lensing. The lens (or series of lenses) that optical light has to pass through to get from tracking surface to the sensor can give the imager more data, which the digital signal processor can split up to into more "counts" to analyze and track. But because the sensor hasn't changed in size, this data may be "noisier" and more prone to errors.
Sensor resolution is one of many tracking variables that Logitech engineers consider then testing the accuracy of their new sensors. These are the variables that you should care about too when buying a new mouse, and most can be evaluated with simple testing using a drawing application on your desktop. With sensor resolution already covered, let's examine the other variables:
Angle Error. Accurately tracking horizontal and vertical movements is much easier for a mouse than tracking a perfect diagonal one. That's because diagonal tracking is derived from the combined data of horizontal and vertical movement. Mice sensors and processors try to compensate for that with some degree of prediction. So when the mouse thinks you're moving in a diagonal line, it will figure out the angle of movement and align the tracking point to that line. This avoids the "staircase" look of a diagonal line. But the snapping prediction can't be too strong, or it'll prevent you from being able to draw accurate curves. One way to test for this is to draw a circle very slowly.
Resolution vs. Speed Error. As I mentioned above, one consequence of increasing the resolution of the mouse sensor is that the data becomes a little fuzzier. As a result, the tracking of high-speed movement may become inconsistent. For example, if you move your mouse quickly from one end of the mousepad to the other, you would expect that moving the same distance back at the same speed would put your cursor back at its starting point. If a mouse fails to accomplish that, then it may be compromising speed accuracy for resolution.
Ripple. The effect of ripple and jitter is another one of those things that you might not notice in-game (or with mouse smoothing turned on), but it can be detected in design applications. If when drawing a straight horizontal or vertical line, you see slight deviations (or "jumps") along both sides of the line, the sensor may be inaccurately tracking noisy data. Again, this is something that can happen at high DPI settings.
Pixel Walk. This phenomenon occurs when moving your mouse at very low speeds, and is a good test to gauge for low-speed accuracy. To conserve power in wireless mice, tracking is sometimes disabled when the mouse isn't moving, and activated when the sensor detects a certain threshold of movement. That threshold is very tricky for mouse engineers, because they want to keep it as high as possible to conserve battery consumption while also as low as possible to track very slow and nuanced movements. When you're moving a mouse at the speed that hovers right at that threshold, tracking may start and stop, causing the cursor to jump.
Timing and Circle Drift. Drawing perfect circles is a really good way to test the accuracy of a mouse sensor. In this test, the timing of the tracker can be gauged by drawing a perfect circle several times. In the ideal scenario, the cursor will end each circle where it started, drawing several circles over the sample spot. But if sensor's timing is off, the the circles will be more like ovals and spiral away from the start position.
That should give you a good place to start for testing your own mouse. Logitech--and I assume other mice makers--have their own computerized tools for testing these tracking variables. But even without a machine that can draw a perfect circle, you should be able tune your settings to detect (and in some cases avoid) anomalies like angle error and line jittering.


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If the diagonals are not equal, then either of two things is wonky.
1. The side walls are not plumb presently, and when you pull the top plate inwards they will either be more out of plumb or more in.
2. The ends of the front, unsheathed wall are not of equal height. If they were built on the floor with equal length studs, that's not likely. If the studs were nailed in place then more likely....?
Check both side walls right at the front corner for plumb and see what they read. This ain't rocket surgery, so you can make it better without too much trouble. :smile3:
If you don't have a come along, drive a substantial stake into the ground about 8 ft away and brace a 2 x 4 against the wall at the top to push it plumb. Once it's good, toe nail it in place until you can properly brace it. Proper diagonal bracing is "let in" to each stud as it passes over them making the brace flush for the sheathing.
Sheathing alone will brace it, but it aughta be plumb first, then nailed. The 4 X 8 sheathing can be used as large square, better than a 24" framing square in the corners.


North Dakota Century Code Title 44. Offices and Officers § 44-04-18. Access to public records--Electronically stored information
1. Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, all records of a public entity are public records, open and accessible for inspection during reasonable office hours. As used in this subsection, "reasonable office hours" includes all regular office hours of a public entity. If a public entity does not have regular office hours, the name and telephone number of a contact person authorized to provide access to the public entity's records must be posted on the door of the office of the public entity, if any. Otherwise, the information regarding the contact person must be filed with the secretary of state for state-level entities, for public entities defined in subdivision c of subsection 13 of section 44-04-17.1, the city auditor or designee of the city for city-level entities, or the county auditor or designee of the county for other entities.
2. Upon request for a copy of specific public records, any entity subject to subsection 1 shall furnish the requester one copy of the public records requested. An initial request need not be made in person or in writing, and the copy must be mailed upon request. A public entity may require written clarification of the request to determine what records are being requested, but may not ask for the motive or reason for requesting the records or for the identity of the person requesting public records. A public entity may charge up to twenty-five cents per impression of a paper copy. As used in this section, "paper copy" means a one-sided or two-sided duplicated copy of a size not more than eight and one-half by fourteen inches [19.05 by 35.56 centimeters]. For any copy of a record that is not a paper copy as defined in this section, the public entity may charge a reasonable fee for making the copy. As used in this section, "reasonable fee" means the actual cost to the public entity of making the copy, including labor, materials, and equipment. The entity may charge for the actual cost of postage to mail a copy of a record. An entity may require payment before locating, redacting, making, or mailing the copy. The public entity may withhold records pursuant to a request until such time as a requester provides payment for any outstanding balance for prior requests. An entity may impose a fee not exceeding twenty-five dollars per hour per request, excluding the initial hour, for locating records, including electronic records, if locating the records requires more than one hour. An entity may impose a fee not exceeding twenty-five dollars per hour per request, excluding the initial hour, for excising confidential or closed material under section 44-04-18.10 from the records, including electronic records. If a public entity receives five or more requests from the same requester within seven days, the public entity may treat the requests as one request in computing the time it takes to locate and excise the records. If the entity is not authorized to use the fees to cover the cost of providing or mailing the copy, or both, or if a copy machine is not readily available, the entity may make arrangements for the copy to be provided or mailed, or both, by another entity, public or private, and the requester shall pay the fee to that other entity. This subsection does not apply to copies of public records for which a different fee is specifically provided by law.
3. Automation of public records must not erode the right of access to those records. As each public entity increases its use of and dependence on electronic recordkeeping, each agency must provide reasonable public access to records electronically maintained and must ensure that exempt or confidential records are not disclosed except as otherwise permitted by law. A public entity may not enter into a contract for the creation or maintenance of a public records database if that contract impairs the ability of the public to inspect or copy the public records of the agency, including public records online or stored in an electronic recordkeeping system used by the agency. An electronic copy of a record must be provided upon request at no cost, other than costs allowed in subsection 2, except if the nature or volume of the public records requested to be accessed or provided requires extensive use of information technology resources, the agency may charge no more than the actual cost incurred for the extensive use of information technology resources incurred by the public entity. "Extensive" is defined as a request for copies of electronic records which take more than one hour of information technology resources to produce.
4. Except as provided in this subsection, nothing in this section requires a public entity to create or compile a record that does not exist. Access to an electronically stored record under this section, or a copy thereof, must be provided at the requester's option in either a printed document or through any other available medium. A computer file is not an available medium if no means exist to separate or prevent the disclosure of any closed or confidential information contained in that file. Except as reasonably necessary to reveal the organization of data contained in an electronically stored record, a public entity is not required to provide an electronically stored record in a different structure, format, or organization. This section does not require a public entity to provide a requester with access to a computer terminal or mobile device. A public entity is not required to provide a copy of a record that is available to the requester on the public entity's website or on the internet. The public entity shall notify the requester the record is available online and direct the requester to the website where the record can be accessed. If the requester does not have reasonable access to the internet due to lack of computer, lack of internet availability, or inability to use a computer or the internet, the public entity shall produce paper copies for the requester, but may charge the applicable fees under this section.
5. A state-level public entity as defined in subdivision a of subsection 13 of section 44-04-17.1 or a political subdivision as defined in subsection 11 of section 44-04-17.1, may establish procedures for providing access from an outside location to any computer database or electronically filed or stored information maintained by that entity. The procedures must address the measures that are necessary to maintain the confidentiality of information protected by federal or state law. Except for access provided to another state-level public entity or political subdivision, the state or political subdivision may charge a reasonable fee for providing that outside access. If the original information is keyed, entered, provided, compiled, or submitted by any political subdivision, the fees must be shared by the state and the political subdivision based on their proportional costs to make the data available.
6. Any request under this section for records in the possession of a public entity by a party to a criminal or civil action, adjudicative proceeding as defined in subsection 1 of section 28-32-01, or arbitration in which the public entity is a party, or by an agent of the party, must comply with applicable discovery rules or orders and be made to the attorney representing that entity in the criminal or civil action, adjudicative proceeding, or arbitration. The public entity may deny a request from a party or an agent of a party under this subsection if the request seeks records that are privileged under applicable discovery rules.
7. A denial of a request for records made under this section must describe the legal authority for the denial, or a statement that a record does not exist, and must be in writing if requested.
8. This section is violated when a person's right to review or receive a copy of a record that is not exempt or confidential is denied or unreasonably delayed or when a fee is charged in excess of the amount authorized in subsections 2 and 3.
9. It is not an unreasonable delay or a denial of access under this section to withhold from the public a record that is prepared at the express direction of, and for presentation to, a governing body until the record is mailed or otherwise provided to a member of the body or until the next meeting of the body, whichever occurs first. It also is not an unreasonable delay or a denial of access to withhold from the public a working paper or preliminary draft until a final draft is completed, the record is distributed to a member of a governing body or discussed by the body at an open meeting, or work is discontinued on the draft but no final version has been prepared, whichever occurs first.
10. For public entities headed by a single individual, it is not an unreasonable delay or a denial of access to withhold from the public a working paper or preliminary draft until a final draft is completed, or work is discontinued on the draft but no final version has been prepared, whichever occurs first. A working paper or preliminary draft shall be deemed completed if it can reasonably be concluded, upon a good-faith review, that all substantive work on it has been completed.
11. A disclosure of a requested record under this section is not a waiver of any copyright held by the public entity in the requested record or of any applicable evidentiary privilege.
12. A public entity may allow an individual to utilize the individual's own personal devices for duplication of records and, if so, shall establish reasonable procedures to protect the integrity of the records as long as the procedures are not used to prevent access to the records.
13. If repeated requests for records disrupt other essential functions of the public entity, the public entity may refuse to permit inspection of the records, or provide copies of the


What are animal urine burns?
Animal urine burns are areas of dead grass caused by animal urine. They are very common amongst pet owners, and especially dog owners.
These burns are often called 'bitch burns' as it is thought that they are mostly caused by female dogs. However, from experience, both male and female dogs have shown to produce these burns.
What do they look like?
They appear as small dead patches of lawn, often circled by a ring of lush green, healthy-looking grass. The grass plants affected by the urine at the edge of the ring or in the surrounding areas may look darker than the grass plants in the rest of the lawn.
What causes animal urine burn?
Urine is naturally high in an element called nitrogen. Nitrogen is also used as a fertiliser, and amongst other nutrients in our fertiliser, Green Man Lawn Care applies nitrogen to lawns to help them grow healthy and green.
The problem with nitrogen in urine is that in some cases, the nitrogen can be too concentrated. When the nitrogen is too concentrated, it will have the opposite effect and will actually cause the grass plant leaves to burn. In some cases, the affected grass plants might die.
Why is there a ring of lush green grass around the burn?
As the urine leaches outwards from the centre, the concentrated nitrogen dilutes to the point where it will actually fertilise the grass plants rather than burn them.
What can be done to prevent the burn happening?
Dilute the urine
The best option is to dilute the urine as soon as your pet has urinated. You can do this by hosing the area thoroughly.
Ensure your lawn is watered
Dry weather can cause soil to dry out quickly. Dry soils cause the grass plants to absorb the nitrogen in the urine in a very high concentration, speeding up the burning of the grass plants. For watering advice, click here.
Train your pet to change their habits
Pets can be trained to urinate in areas away from the lawn, such as patios.
Use a urine burn preventer
There are products available to buy that will help reduce the potential for animal urine burn. Products such as Dog Rocks and Peterals are just a couple of examples.
What can be done to fix the burnt patches?
In some cases, heavy watering can help the burnt areas revive themselves. However, if the burns are severe, the only option is to carry out a patch repair.
Patch repair carried out on a customer's lawn damaged by animal urine


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Leadership Opportunities at Reed
There are many ways for students to pursue leadership opportunities at Reed. Research with faculty, student employment, and community engagement are some of the ways to get involved. We've chosen to highlight the following leadership opportunities within student services departments and through participation in student governance.
- Peer Tutors: One-on-one tutoring is provided by qualified Reed students of advanced standing and is available for most classes.
- Night Owls: Students focus on harm reduction during social events.
- Peer Health Advocates: Students serve as peer role models and support the health and wellness program.
- Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Interns: Students focus on effective consent education.
- InterConnect Program: The InterConnect program seeks to support new international students in their cultural, social, and academic transition to Reed by matching them with a current Reedie.
- Peer Mentor Program: The Peer Mentor Program (PMP) assists first-year and transfer students from underrepresented communities with their college transition by pairing them with a returning student mentor.
- Orientation Week Outdoor Trips: Every August, Reed offers fantastic opportunities to explore the Pacific Northwest via foot, boat, body, and mind through recreational odysseys for incoming students.
- Reed Outing Club: The Reed Outing Club, restarted in 1998 after a long hiatus, assists the Reed community in planning events and trips in the Northwest.
- House Advisors: Students are selected for their skills and interest in helping fellow students and are trained in areas such as peer counseling and conflict mediation.
- Reed offers nine varsity club sports: rugby, soccer, Ultimate Frisbee, basketball, squash, rowing and curling.
- Student Interns and Coordinators: SEEDS brings together students, faculty, staff, and alumni who support community efforts to bring about social change.
- Academic Teams: Students participate in chess, debate, mock trial, and model U.N.
- Conferences: Each summer, Reed sends students to the Leadershape Institute. The college pays all costs associated with this exciting opportunity.
- Consultations: Students can visit the student activities office to see the many types of support available for student groups to be successful in achieving their goals. Groups can discuss topics like establishing a mission, clarifying vision and values, conflict resolution, and maintaining institutional memory.
- Drop-In Sessions: Drop-in, interactive sessions are available throughout the year for students to spend an hour or so learning about a specific issue. No need to RSVP, and snacks are provided.
- Leadership Retreat: Each fall, an overnight retreat allows students to explore a leadership topic more thoroughly. The Leadership Retreat takes place at beautiful Camp Magruder on the Oregon Coast.
- Student Organizations: Reed College student organizations represent a wide variety of interests, ideologies, spiritual practices, cultures, and activities.
- Reed Leadership Academy (RELAY): The mission of RELAY is to support Reed's core academic mission by promoting responsible action, pluralistic thought, and the development of lifelong, practical interpersonal skills. Students engage in experiential learning, personal reflection, and advising relationships.
Honor Council: The Honor Council (HC) is a committee of students, faculty, and staff dedicated to promoting the Honor Principle in the Reed community. Members are organized into subcommittees around the goals of education, mediation, and advocacy for community rights.
Judicial Board: The Reed College Student Judicial Board (J-Board) serves a vital role in a community governed by an Honor Principle. If community members are unable to work out an alleged Honor Principle violation, the J-Board provides formal adjudication.
Student Senate: The student senate plays an influential role on Reed's campus. Senate is the voice of the students: its members fund student organizations, participate in campus policy-making, and work with staff members to improve the quality of student life.
Questions about leadership opportunities? Please e-mail _EMAIL_.


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Difference Between Talk and Speak
Talk vs Speak
There are many words in the English language that are synonymous and are usually used interchangeably. Two of these are the words "talk" and "speak."
Both words pertain to the art of communicating our ideas, to verbalize words, or to express sounds. However, "talk" is more often used than the word "speak," and the proposition "to" is more frequently used than "with." An example for this is: "He wants to talk to you," although "He wants to speak to you" may also be said.
If we are to draw a line between them, the major difference between the two is that "speak" is favored in more formal occasions and is commonly used by a single person addressing a group of people. "Talk," on the other hand, is not really for formal usage, and in most cases it implies dialogue between two people, maybe more. One example of this is: "The pupils stopped talking when the Prefect of Discipline started to speak." Another example is: "He is a fan of talking to guests directly, but he is not used to speaking in front of a large crowd."
These verbs are not connected with a direct object (intransitive), but either a preposition (prepositions: about, to, with, for, etc.) or an adverbial modifier. Adverbial modifiers usually follow "talk" or "speak."
It is good to remember the following phrases when using "talk": talk back; talk sense, nonsense; talk to you later; talk something over; great talkers are little doers; now he is talking; talking about reality; talk less, act more.
It would also be good to remember these phrases when using "speak": speak many languages (speak English, German, etc.); speak up; frankly speaking; Francis is speaking with Kim on the phone; speak fluently, easy; speak for oneself; speaking of the devil; first think, then speak; speak only of the truth.
There are instances when both "speak" and "talk" can be used for both formal and informal situations. You can use the phrases: speak one on one or talk one on one. This is also a common use of words: talk personally or speak personally. Another example is: talk in secret or speak in secret.
To peg these concepts to the ground, let's cite situations in our daily experiences. Imagine a situation when someone is giving a speech to an audience, and in that audience two children are having a conversation and not listening to the speech. This is irritating the rest of the audience. We can simply say: While the minister was speaking at the meeting, two children were told to be quiet because they were talking to one another and making it difficult for people to concentrate.
1. "Talk" is most often used compared to "speak."
2. There may always be an exception to every rule. However, let us take note that the bottom line is that "speak" is used for formal address while "talk" is usually used for an informal setting.
3. A talker makes the conversation chummy or interesting while a good speaker does well when conversing to a group of people as a whole.
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- a horse that bolts, or runs away
- ⌂ a person who withdraws from a political party, group, etc.
a device for bolting, or sifting, flour, etc.
- A horse given to bolting.
- One who gives up membership in or withdraws support from a political party.
- A machine used for sifting, especially for sifting flour.
- One who operates a sifting machine.
- A person or thing that bolts, or runs suddenly.
- (botany, horticulture) A plant that grows larger and more rapidly than usual.
- (flour milling) A machine or mechanism that automatically sifts milled flour.
- A person who sifts flour or meal.
- (petroleum refining) A filter mechanism.
- (Australia, sports) An obscure athlete who wins an upset victory.
- (Australia, horseracing) A horse that wins at long odds.
- (New Zealand, sports) In team sports, a relatively little-known or inexperienced player who inspires the team to greater success.
- (US, politics) A member of a political party who does not support the party's nominee.
- (military aviation) A missed landing on an aircraft carrier; an aircraft that has made a missed landing.
- A kind of fishing line; a boulter.
From bolt + -er.


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From multiple perspectives to shared understanding. A small group in an online learning environment.
In: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 52, No. 1: pp. 77-95
The aim of this study was to explore how learners operating in a small group reach shared understanding as they work out joint research questions and build a theoretical framework and to identify the resources and tools they used in the process. The learners' own interpretations of their group activities and learning were also taken into account. The data, consisting of group discussions and the documents produced by the group, were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The group members employed a variety of resources and tools to exchange their individual perspectives and achieve shared understanding. Summaries of relevant literature laid a foundation for the group's theoretical discussions. Reflective comparisons between their book knowledge and their personal experiences of online interaction and collaboration were frequent, suggesting that such juxtapositions may have enhanced their learning by intertwining the content to be mastered and the activities entailed by this particular content.


Make DataGenerator A Hadoop Job
Data generator is provided to generate tuples with specified number of fields for testing purpose. You can configure the datatype, length, cardinality, distribution and the percentage of NULL values for each field. Data generator generates random values that matches the configuration. Two types of distribution are supported: uniform and zipf distribution.
The current implementation runs on a single box and is single threaded. Its execution time is linear to the amount of data to be generated. When the amount of data reaches hundreds of gigabytes, the time required becomes unacceptable. In other words, this application is not scalable to deal with large amount of data.
The newer version of implementation allows to generate data in hadoop mode. You can specify the number of mappers, each mapper only needs to generate a fraction of data. This can greatly reduce the execution time.
Tuples generated by data generator can contain fields that are uniformly distributed or Zipf distributed. Both types of fields can be split into multiple processors with each processor generating a fraction of total rows. If M rows are to be generated by N processors, then each processor shall generate M/N rows. When the data from each processor are combined together, the result should still be uniformly distributed or zipf distributed.
Data generator is modified to be a hadoop job.
Define following env variables:
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$pigjar:$zipfjar:$datagenjar
For Hadoop 0.18
hadoop jar -libjars $zipfjar $datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator -conf $conf_file [options] colspec...
For Hadoop 0.20 or Greater
hadoop jar $datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator -libjars $zipfjar -conf $conf_file [options] colspec..
To run it locally, besides using hadoop jar without -m, you can also use:
java -cp $pigjar:$zipfjar:$datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator [options] colspec...
Future Works
This implementation is constrained by the memory availability. For now, we assume the cardinality of a field that need a mapping file is less than 2M, and the number of such fields is not more than 5. In this case, the memory required should be less than 1G for most settings. To work with bigger cardinality or more of string fields, the DataGenerator has to generate data with random numbers and then does an explicit join between the mapping file and the data file.
DataGeneratorHadoop (last edited 2010-01-15 00:16:15 by RobStewart)


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ABOUT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
Education and Research are both pivotal pillars of development. Discovering peer experience as well as communicating this experience to others can trigger, if not ensure, progress and advancement. For Sports in particular, Education and Research can be drivers to increase participation and establish a healthy, active lifestyle. As such, Education and Research can be agents of behavioral change and inspiration for excellence.
AIM AND SCOPE OF WORK
"A HEALTHY MIND RESIDES IN A HEALTHY BODY"
In July 2015, the Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Sports Academy established the Education and Research Department, with a view to raise awareness about, and engage in further research on the benefits of sport participation to Emirati society.
In parallel to the famous Latin quote "A healthy mind resides in a healthy body", healthy, sporty citizens comprise a healthy society, and sports are identified as a catalyst for social sustainability. Educating the Women of the UAE through targeted seminars and relevant research and studies, is envisaged to bring about advanced involvement of female local population in sports and sport related activities, and contribute to the health and well-being of current and future generations.
EDUCATION AND SEMINARS
"TELL ME, AND I FORGET; TEACH ME, AND I MAY REMEMBER; INVOLVE ME AND I LEARN"
The Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Sports Academy encourages Emirati Women to be active by organizing a variety of activities, ranging between hands-on trainings and educational seminars.
Through its newly launched series of Seminars, the Academy facilitates the continuous exchange of ideas and opens to the Emirati female public a gate to state-of-the-art insights and practices from the realm of sports globally.
Featuring renowned professionals from the sector and athletes, from the GCC and all around the globe, the FBMA Seminars provide a platform for every Emirati woman and women residing in the UAE to advance their thinking, learn from others' experiences and background and obtain valuable perspectives on a wide spectrum of topics, including sports psychology, healthy nutrition, and the importance of sports in securing a robust physical condition.
By involving participants in the process and employing a highly interactive approach, the FBMA Seminars are a learning source open to the every woman who wants to practice the values of a healthy and active lifestyle.
RESEARCH AND STUDIES
With a dedicated function for academic research, the Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Sports Academy is emerging as a thought leader for women sports in the UAE.
Gathering and analyzing the latest information and knowledge from the field of Physical Education internationally, the Academy engages in the current global discourse on the social benefits of sports for the empowerment of women as citizens and individuals, and identifies best practices to be employed in the UAE with a view to generating increased sport participation.
To further raise awareness of the physical and social benefits of sports, while positioning the UAE as a leader in women sports in the GCC, the FBMA takes stock of progress noted to date and produces progress reports and case studies, available to the public on the FBMA website.


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Europe's sacred lands – a secret in need
04 April 2012 | News story
'The Diversity of Sacred Lands in Europe', provides a unique insight into Europe's often forgotten sacred natural sites. It looks into their history, importance and the threats they currently face. The book is a must-read for managers of European protected areas and landscapes and those interested in the religious and cultural aspects of European natural sites. Published by IUCN and Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services of Finland, the book is part of a series issued by The Delos Initiative of IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas.
Authors of the book place special attention to the sacred places of the Sámi indigenous people living in northern Finland, Sweden, Norway and North-West Russia. They also describe sacred natural sites in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, North-West Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
"Sacred natural sites hold traditional and spiritual values that are often hidden from the modern world and that are deeply linked to ecosystem and landscape management", says Gonzalo Oviedo, IUCN's senior adviser for social policy. "These values are extremely important for Europe's cultural, spiritual and natural heritage. They include some unique knowledge of traditional medicine, livestock breeding, wildlife and agricultural cycles. Greater recognition of this knowledge and better management of these areas can help us sustainably conserve our natural heritage, especially in the time of increasing climate change."
"The importance of sacred natural sites is rarely recognized these days and their values are often ignored in the face of expanding urbanisation and insensitive development initiatives", says Josep Maria Mallarach, one of the editors of the book and coordinator of The Delos Initiative. "Tourism also puts pressure on these unique places, causing physical and spiritual degradation."
"Integrated management of the sites and improved public awareness can help address these challenges", says Thymio Papayannis, co-editor of the book and joint coordinator of The Delos Initiative. "Closer collaboration between the custodians of sacred natural sites and conservationists is crucial if we want to safeguard Europe's unique natural, cultural and spiritual values of such sites."
For more information, review copies or to set up interviews, please contact:
Borjana Pervan, IUCN Media Relations.


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be made with water that is just below boiling.
You can heat the water on the stove or in an electric kettle. If you are using a stove, be sure to use a pot that is large enough to hold the water and the tea leaves.
Steeping the Tea Leaves
Once the water is heated, it's time to steep the tea leaves. You can use loose-leaf tea or tea leaves in a tea infuser or strainer. Here's how to do it:
- Place the tea leaves in a tea infuser or strainer.
- Place the infuser or strainer in a cup or teapot.
- Pour the hot water over the tea leaves.
- Let the tea steep for the recommended time. This will depend on the type of tea you are making. For example, black tea should steep for 3-5 minutes, while green tea should steep for 1-3 minutes.
Straining the Tea
The final step is to strain the tea. This will remove the tea leaves from the water and ensure a smooth, enjoyable cup of tea. Here's how to do it:
- Remove the tea infuser or strainer from the cup or teapot.
- If you used loose-leaf tea, you can strain the tea through a fine mesh strainer to remove any small tea particles.
- Pour the tea into your cup and enjoy!
That's it! With these simple steps, you can make a delicious cup of tea without a tea bag.
Serving the Tea
After brewing your tea without a tea bag, it's time to serve it. Here are a few tips to ensure that your tea tastes as good as it looks.
Pouring the Tea
When pouring your tea, be sure to hold the teapot or kettle with both hands to avoid spilling. Slowly pour the tea into the cup, making sure not to fill it up all the way. Leave some room for milk or sweetener, if desired.
If you are serving multiple cups of tea, pour a little bit of tea into each cup before going back and filling them up completely. This ensures that each cup has an equal amount of tea.
Adding Final Touches
Once your tea is poured, you can add any final touches to enhance the flavor. Here are a few options:
- Milk: If you prefer your tea with milk, add a splash to the cup and stir.
- Sweetener: If you like your tea sweet, add a teaspoon of sugar, honey, or another sweetener to the cup and stir.
- Lemon: For a citrusy twist, add a slice of lemon to the cup. Squeeze the lemon to release the juice and stir.
Remember, the key to serving a great cup of tea is to experiment with different brewing methods and flavors until you find what works best for you. With a little practice, you'll be a tea-making pro in no time.
Cleaning Up After
Once you have enjoyed your cup of tea, it's time to clean up. Here are a few tips to make the process easier:
- Dispose of the tea leaves: If you used loose-leaf tea, you will need to dispose of the tea leaves. You can compost them or throw them away in the trash.
- Rinse your infuser or strainer: If you used an infuser or strainer, rinse it under running water to remove any remaining tea leaves. You can also wash it with soap and water if needed.
- Clean your teapot or cup: If you used a teapot or cup, rinse it with hot water to remove any remaining tea. You can also wash it with soap and water if needed.
- Wipe down your surfaces: If you spilled any tea or water, be sure to wipe down your surfaces to prevent any stains or damage.
- Store your tea: If you have any leftover tea, be sure to store it properly. You can keep it in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 24 hours.
By following these simple steps, you can enjoy your tea without worrying about the clean-up process.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some common questions people have when it comes to making tea without a tea bag:
Q: What is the best type of loose-leaf tea to use?
A: The best type of tea to use depends on your personal preference. Some popular options include black tea, green tea, herbal tea, and oolong tea. Experiment with different types to find the one you like best. Keep in mind that different types of tea require different steeping times and water temperatures, so make sure to follow the instructions for your specific type of tea.
Q: How much loose-leaf tea should I use?
A: The amount of loose-leaf tea you should use depends on the type of tea and how strong you like your tea. As a general rule of thumb, use 1 to 2 teaspoons of loose-leaf tea per cup of water. If you like your tea stronger, use more tea. If you like it weaker, use less.
Q: Do I need a special teapot or infuser to make loose-leaf tea?
A: While it's not necessary to have a special teapot or infuser to make loose-leaf tea, it can make the process easier and more enjoyable. A teapot with a built-in strainer or an infuser basket can help keep loose tea leaves from floating in your cup. However, you can also use a regular teapot or even a mug with a strainer or cheesecloth to strain out the leaves.
Q: How long should I steep loose-leaf tea?
A: The steeping time for loose-leaf tea varies depending on the type of tea. Here are some general guidelines:
- Black tea: 3 to 5 minutes
- Green tea: 1 to 3 minutes
- Herbal tea: 5 to 7 minutes
- Oolong tea: 3 to 5 minutes
Keep in mind that steeping times can also be adjusted to your personal taste. If you like stronger tea, steep it for a longer time. If you like weaker tea, steep it for a shorter time.
Q: Can I reuse loose-leaf tea?
A: Yes, you can reuse loose-leaf tea. In fact, some tea drinkers prefer to steep their tea multiple times to get the most out of the leaves. However, keep in mind that each subsequent steeping will produce a weaker cup of tea. To reuse loose-leaf tea, simply add more hot water to the leaves and steep for a shorter amount of time than the first steeping.
Congratulations, you have learned how to make tea without a tea bag! With just a few simple steps, you can enjoy a delicious cup of tea made with loose-leaf tea leaves.
Remember to choose the right type of tea for your taste and preferences, and make sure to use the right temperature and amount of water to brew your tea. You can use a tea infuser or strainer to keep the tea leaves from floating in your cup, or simply strain the tea with a small sieve or conical strainer.
Experiment with different types of tea and brewing methods to find your perfect cup of tea. Whether you prefer black tea, green tea, herbal tea, or oolong tea, there is a tea out there that will suit your taste.
So go ahead, brew yourself a cup of tea and enjoy the many health benefits and delicious flavors that tea has to offer. Happy brewing!
Scott is the founder of TeaMinded. He enjoys tasting and discovering teas from across the globe, with green teas and ceremonial matcha from Japan being among his favorites. He's grateful to be immersed in the tea community, always learning and sharing along the journey.


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System policies define what to do with all incoming, outgoing, and transit communications that do not match the explicitly defined rules. The system policies are usually displayed at the bottom of the list of rules.
To allow or deny communications of specific type:
- Go to Extensions > Firewall > Modify Plesk Firewall Rules.
- Click the icon to the left of the policy name you want to change. If the policy currently allows all connections, clicking this icon will prohibit all connections and vice versa.
- To apply the changes, click Apply Changes, and then click Activate.
Note: Unless your configuration is activated, you have a chance to discard changes to all the policies you configured. To do this, click the Discard Changes button.


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In some cases users may find it useful to show the x axis for just a portion of the plot, so by default Grapher does not clip the plot to the axis limits. The plot can easily be clipped to the axis limits by following these steps:
- Select the plot in the Object Manager.
- Click on the Data Limits tab in the Property Manager.
- In the Clipping section, click on None in the X minimum field and select Axis from the dropdown list.
- Repeat step 3 for the X maximum field, if desired.
The axes limits will automatically update to the clipping limits and the plot will adjust to only show the portion that is within those limits.
If this is something you will be doing often and you don't wish to change the clipping individually each time, you can update the default settings by:
- Click File | Defaults.
- In the pane on the right, select the plot type you want to change.
- In the pane on the right, click on the Clipping tab.
- In the X minimum field, click on None and select Axis from the dropdown list.
- In the X maximum field, click on None and select Axis from the dropdown list.
- Repeat steps 2-5 for any other plot types you would like to clip in this way.
- Click OK to save the changes.
*Note - You will not want to do this for Math Plots or XYZ-Vector Plots because they will not display properly with Axis clipping applied.
Updated March 9, 2020


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What does ID stand for?
ID stands for Intellectual Disability
 - Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
See other definitions of ID
Other Resources:
We have 120 other meanings of ID in our Acronym Attic
Samples in periodicals archive:
While we know intellectual disability can be caused by events such as extreme premature birth, birth injury or brain infections, research has found that minor chromosomal anomalies - known as copy number variations (CNV) - are strongly asso N -ciated with children with an intellectual disability.
Intellectual disability is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual deficits including mental retardation (MR), deficits too mild to properly qualify as MR, various specific conditions such as specific learning disability and problems acquired later on in life through acquired brain injuries.


Cristina ȘOȘEA Liliana POPESCU
Current migration processes require special assessment and attention due to their complexity and multiple socio-economic implications. The forms of international migration have only recently intensified in Romania due to the barriers imposed by the former communist regime, but their influence on population dynamics is certainly significant and the effects on national economy and demographic vitality of the country are undeniable. Although mainly recognized as an emigration country at the beginning of the post-communist period, Romania is recently going through a period of accentuated intensification of immigrant flows.
Starting with the 1990s, the share of immigrant flows in the net international migration balance has changed in dynamics, motivations, structure, specialization, forms, spatial intensity and consequences etc. This research presents a territorialized analysis of immigration to Romania in the period comprised between _PHONE_, which presents a high mediatic and scientific interest, given the volume and importance of the phenomenon.
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There are three different tiers of Character Class. All characters begin at level 1 in the first tier as the Mortal Class, and are limited to learning Mortal Skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 10, they can choose a second class from the Tier 2 classes. There are currently six different tier 2 classes to choose from (two of each Alignment, though the choice is restricted based on the character's Morality. In order to choose a Tier 2 class, the character must have spent at least 70 CP on T1 skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 20, they can choose a third and final class from amongst the tier 3 classes. This choice is restricted based on the tier 2 class of the character. In order to choose a Tier 3 class, the character must have spent at least 250 CP on T1 and T2 skills and spells. In addition, Fallen or Redeemed must have spent at least 100 CP on the T2 skills and spells that they will lose.
It is worth mentioning that the character does not "need" to select a Tier 2 or Tier 3 class. A character may remain a mortal or Tier 2 for as long as they wish, and may select one at any point, so long as they fit the requirements of Level, Character Point spending, and in some cases, Morality.
Speculation regarding the nature of classes, otherwise known as Archetypes, can be found in the fragments of the Lore of Haldos. The two presented arguments are that archetypes are derived from their Patron's aspects, or copied from exceptionally strong individuals who shaped themselves.
Tier 1: Mortal
- Paladin (Combat Class)
- The Paladin is a martial warrior dedicated to goodness whose strength and powers arise from their purity. Those who accept the call to fight for the forces of righteousness are duty-bound to remain pure, lest they lose access to the powers they are allowed to wield. Their devotion to the ideals upheld by the good elder powers allows the Paladin to enlist into the Heavenly Host, to defend all that is just, to face the demonic forces, and to call upon the powers of light protection and strength at those times when good beings must stand against evil and fight for what they believe in.
- Shepherd (Spellcaster)
- The Shepherd is an angel of mercy, the student of so-called white magic. One becomes a Shepherd by swearing themselves to the powers of good. They channel holy magic directly from the elder powers whose ideals they uphold, and can use that power to smite evil, aid others in need, and even consecrate the land itself. While many of the skills a Shepherd uses uplift and heal others, they can also learn spells to aid in combat and have the ability to call upon the Powers of Justice directly for aid when faced with the forces of evil.
- Myrmidon (Combat Class)
- A Myrmidon is one who has turned their focus on the art of combat. They are skilled warriors who have sought power from within themselves, and therefore have not sacrificed or devoted their soul. With free will, they can often be found as mercenaries of the angelic hosts and demonic hordes, or banded together with other Unaligned souls.
- Sorcerer (Spellcaster)
- A Sorcerer may gain their powers through any number of ways: they may have had a natural affinity which was tapped into through training and focus, or perhaps they studied the Arcane lore left behind by those who understood before them. They might have even accidentally stumbled upon it by exposure to the powerful energies that flow through the Nexus. Whatever the means a Sorcerer finds their power from, they have gained it by their own efforts, and without sacrifice or devotion of their soul; their free will remains untouched. Armed with the freedom of choice, they are neither shunned nor welcomed by the angelic hosts or the demonic hordes.
- Pariah (Combat Class)
- The Pariah is, in the most simple terms, a corrupted soul. In more elaborate terms, a Pariah is a soul who has allowed itself to become consumed by hatred and have had their soul twisted and warped as a result. When a soul becomes twisted enough, it becomes a creature as deformed on the outside as it is on the inside. The perversion of the body seeps all the way to their blood; a wounded Pariah is forced to seek their own means of tending to themselves (such is the life of those deemed by Namm to be outcasts). However, these discarded souls frequently band together, united against those who shun them. Unlike the Defiler, a Pariah will seek to turn their curse into a strength, drawing power from a combination of their deformities and lust for vengeance.
- Defiler (Spellcaster)
- All souls who become Defilers have one thing in common: a lust for power. Those who chose to become Defilers often view it as an investment, and will form a dark pact with a greater entity (usually an evil elder power), agreeing to make tribute to them in exchange for power. A Defiler is expected to spill the blood of others and make sacrifices to keep their patron satisfied, and they will gain more power in this way. The patron also syphons off small amounts of the soul of a Defiler, for their own ends. Breaking free of the patronage is extremely difficult, but not unheard of. A Defiler is cursed to walk a warped, twisted existence, shunned by all that is holy, and forced to fend for themselves should they come to harm; however, the Defiler also learns to utilize the black arts to inflict pain and suffering on others, in turn tearing off and stealing bits of their strength, power, or souls.
Good Combat Classes
- The Holy Champion calls upon divine power to become swathed in elemental energy, granting powers depending on which element they choose to imbue their body with. A Holy Champion is perhaps the most flexible of the angelic fighting classes, able to fill many roles - but never more than one at a time.
- The Divine Herald is a fleet-footed hunter and a messenger of death. They are the Harbingers of Namm, bringing conquest, judgement, and punishment to bear against the unjust.
- Tasked to protect angels and the innocent against the demonic hordes, Seraphs are particularly well-equipped in defence; many exchange their flesh for clockwork armour and protective abilities that make them resistant to all kind of attacks. Whilst they are the metaphorical "shield" of the Heavenly Host, they are fearsome in single-combat with their clockwork precision and renowned smiting powers.
- A few demons begin down the path of darkness, only to turn back toward the light. While they are never fully free of the stains of their demonic lineage, those who seek redemption are blessed with powers to aid themselves and others - and to become hated and despised by the demons who once embraced them. They become embodiments of penitence, humility... and vengeance.
Good Spellcaster Classes
- The advocate is the support class among the angelic legions. With few offensive capabilities, the Advocate is best suited to defence and to providing boons and aid to other characters; this subtle, yet powerful role allows the advocate to increase the efficacy of Good characters, allowing a group to far surpass their individual abilities.
- The field general among the angels, the Archon is a combat-oriented caster who channels a good deal of offensive firepower and is most often found leading the angelic charge against the minions of darkness.
- Caretaker of the creatures of the Elysian fields, the Lightspeaker often lives vicariously through their charges. While not armed personally for great combat duty, the ability to summon creatures to protect both the Lightspeaker and nearby forces of Good - and to smite evil foes - makes the simple caretaker a formidable opponent when accompanied by a menagerie.
Neutral Combat Classes
- Master of martial training and discipline, the Eternal Soldier is focused upon utilising superior training, ingenuity, and tactics to overcome their enemies. The Eternal Soldier relies very little on magic, but through ceaseless devotion, is master of the mundane and a weapon in their hands is exceedingly deadly.
- Mysterious warriors who draw much of their power from the tattoos that cover their body, the Nexus Champion tends to focus on attaining victory through inner balance and harmony. Though not usually approaching the Eternal Soldier in terms of sheer single-combat power, the Nexus Champion may learn the arcane arts, and is a more flexible and subtle warrior.
- Warriors who align themselves with shadows, nightmares, and death, Revenants have been known through the ages by many names - Werewolf, Nosferatu, and Vampire among them. They tend to draw their power from a pact with Hashaa and the very essence of darkness, shaping it to form both weapons and refuge. Many of them soon come to revel in their unlife and the power it affords them in their chosen element.
Neutral Spellcaster Classes
- Watching over the walls that divide reality, the Conduit manipulates the raw energies of the planes. Folding pathways between distant places, manipulating the ambient magicks of an area, striking foes with raw Arcana, and exploiting knowledge of matter and ether to better shape weapons or potions: the Conduit is the prime example of "mind over matter."
- A master of necromantic (death) magic, the Lich has surpassed Hashaa's power of decay and become undead. Whilst the Lich has achieved undeath on their own (following studies first performed by Haldos), and possessing an uncanny ability to work with the powers of death, the Lich gains the power over creatures of unlife through Hashaa.
- More than just a studious bookworm,


text:
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Game introduction | FOSTER-ERM
Mikko Dufva is a research scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd working in the field of foresight. He has done projects related to the futures of work, synthetic biology, platform economy, forestry, mining and use of renewable energy. He is a Doctor of Science in Technology and his dissertation was about knowledge creation in foresight from a systems perspective. He has broad methodological expertise ranging from systems thinking, decision analysis and optimization to interactive planning, scenario analysis and participatory methods. His current research interests include experiential foresight and post-normal times.
A key challenge in foresight is maintaining a balance between long-term visions and present-day relevance. Images of futures have to be demystified and interpreted in the present context. This presentation reflects upon the challenges faced when creating an educational board game focused on business model development in the context of raw materials and circular economy. The presentation closes with a game session for between 8 and 16 people.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In statistics, the midhinge is the average of the first and third quartiles and is thus a measure of location. Equivalently, it is the 25% trimmed mid-range or 25% midsummary; it is an L-estimator.
The midhinge is complemented by the H-spread, or interquartile range, which is the difference of the third and first quartiles and which is a measure of statistical dispersion, in sense that if one knows the midhinge and the interquartile range, one can find the first and third quartiles.
The use of the term "hinge" for the lower or upper quartiles derives from John Tukey's work on exploratory data analysis,[1] and "midhinge" is a fairly modern term dating from around that time. The midhinge is slightly simpler to calculate than the trimean, which originated in the same context and equals the average of the median and the midhinge.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Tukey, J.W. (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis, Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-07616-0
External links[edit]


text:
- Bejan, A. and da Silva, A.K., Constructual multi-scale structure for maximal heat transfer density in natural convection,
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow (USA), vol. 26 no. 1
pp. 34 - 44 .
(last updated on 2007/04/06)
In this paper we investigate a new design concept for generating multi-scale structures in natural convection with the objective of maximizing the heat transfer density, or the heat transfer rate per unit of volume. The flow volume is filled with vertical equidistant heated blades of decreasing lengths. The spacings between the blades are optimized for maximal heat transfer density. Smaller blades are installed in the center plane between two adjacent longer blades, in the entrance region where the boundary layers are thin and the fluid is unheated. Based on the same principle, new generations of even smaller blades are added stepwise to the multi-scale structure. Constructual theory is applied to each new generation of blades, and this method leads to the optimal spacings between blades and the optimal lengths scales. As the number of length scales increase, the flow rate and the volume-averaged heat transfer density increase. It is also shown that there is a smallest (cutoff) length scale below which the boundary layers are no longer distinct, and where the sequence of generating optimal length scales ends. The maximized heat transfer density increases as the optimized complexity of the flow structure increases. [All rights reserved Elsevier]
boundary layers;natural convection;


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Food don't waste it print
During the First World War Britain was heavily reliant on food imports from the United States and Canada. To target this important lifeline, Germany, in 1917, introduced unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic. The sinking of huge numbers of merchant ships bound for Britain soon caused drastic shortages in staple foods, such as bread, and led to food price rises.
In response, the British government initially introduced a voluntary rationing scheme, issuing posters such as this one, that encouraged self-restraint in food consumption.
Produced during the First World War
© IWM (Art.IWM PST 13375)
Food don't waste it print
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