text:
In the complex landscape of immigration and visa regulations, the "No Recourse to Public Funds" (NRPF) condition is a term that often arises. This condition, which is attached to certain visas in the UK, has significant implications for immigrants and their access to public resources. In this blog, we will delve into the details of the NRPF condition, understanding what it entails and how it affects those subjects to it.
Understanding the NRPF Condition
The NRPF condition is a restriction imposed on individuals who are in the UK on specific types of visas set out in paragraph 6 of the immigration rules. Essentially, it means that these individuals are not eligible to access certain public funds and benefits. The condition is in place to ensure that those granted temporary visas do not become a burden on the UK's welfare system.
Check if your immigration status lets you claim public funds
You're always allowed to claim public funds if you have any of the following:
- British or Irish citizenship
- settled status from the EU Settlement Scheme
- indefinite leave - unless you came to the UK on an adult dependent relative visa
- refugee status or humanitarian protection
- right of abode
You can't claim public funds if you don't have a right to be in the UK.
If you have any other immigration status
- Check your immigration documents, including:
- your biometric residence permit
- your decision letter from the Home Office
- your online immigration status if you have one
You're not usually allowed to claim public funds if it says 'no public funds' or 'no recourse to public funds' on your documents. This is called having a 'no public funds condition'.
If your immigration documents don't say you have a no public funds condition, you can claim public funds.
If you came to the UK as a visitor, you have a no public funds condition. This includes if you scanned your passport at an 'eGate' and didn't get any immigration documents.
Implications of NRPF
Having the NRPF condition on a visa means that individuals cannot access various public funds and benefits, including:
- Income-based Jobseeker's Allowance
- Income-related Employment and Support Allowance
- Housing Benefit
- Universal Credit
This restriction can pose challenges for individuals and families who may face financial difficulties while residing in the UK. It places the responsibility for financial support squarely on the visa holder and their sponsor (if applicable).
Which public funds are restricted from access due to this condition?
There is a definitive list of what counts as "public funds" for the purposes of the Immigration Rules at paragraph 6:
- attendance allowance
- carers allowance
- child benefit
- child tax credit
- council tax benefit
- council tax reduction
- disability living allowance
- discretionary support payments by local authorities or devolved administrations in Scotland and Northern Ireland which replace the discretionary social fund
- housing and homelessness assistance
- housing benefit
- income-based jobseeker's allowance
- income related employment & support allowance
- income support
- personal independence payment
- severe disablement allowance
- social fund payment
- state pension credit
- universal credit
- working tax credit
What services are still available?
Free school meals are accessible to individuals who do not have access to public funds. You can find comprehensive guidance on this matter here.
Benefits and services that are not explicitly mentioned in Immigration Rules at paragraph 6 of the regulations remain accessible. This encompasses contributory benefits, council tax reductions like the sole occupancy discount, and additional services such as healthcare and state-funded education. It's important to note that while there may be other eligibility criteria for accessing these services, such as passport checks for NHS access or specific qualifications for home tuition fees and maintenance grants, these criteria are not directly associated with the "no recourse to public funds" condition.
Benefits not within the definition of public funds include:
- Contribution based Jobseeker's Allowance
- Guardian's allowance
- Incapacity Benefit
- Contribution-based Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
- Maternity allowance
- Retirement pension
- Statutory maternity pay
- Statutory sickness pay
- Widow's benefit and bereavement benefit
Exemptions and Limited Access
While the NRPF condition is generally strict, some exemptions and limited access to public funds in specific circumstances exist. For instance, in cases where leave was granted based on an individual's private life under Appendix Private Life, we examine paragraph PL 10.5 of the regulations:
The grant of permission will be subject to the following conditions:
(c) if the decision maker is satisfied that:
It's essential to seek professional advice to understand the specific rules and exemptions that apply to your situation.
The No Recourse to Public Funds condition is a crucial aspect of UK immigration policy, designed to ensure that individuals on certain visas can support themselves without relying on public resources. While it serves a purpose in maintaining the integrity of the welfare system, it can also present challenges for those subject to it. Understanding the conditions of your visa and seeking legal advice when necessary is crucial to navigating this complex aspect of immigration law effectively.
If you have questions or concerns about the NRPF condition or need professional assistance in dealing with immigration-related issues, don't hesitate to contact us. Our team of experienced immigration experts is here to provide guidance and support tailored to your specific situation. We're committed to helping you navigate the complexities of immigration law with confidence.


h a l f b a k e r y
account: browse anonymously, or get an account and write.
Microwave cleaning
Use microwaves to clean up the stratosphere
 [vote for,
Use microwave lasers (masers) to break down water vapor in the stratosphre releasing OHradicals which break down greenhouse gases.
The greenhouse effect is caused by several gases, not just CO2.
Methane is a very potent GHG and so are the chloroflurocarbons which also cause ozone depletion.
Back in the early 1990's the US nationl academy of sciences discussed the possibility of using lasers to destroy flurocarbons in the strratepshere and thereby reduce both global warming and the ozone hole but decided it was too expensive.
I think it would be more effective to increase the level of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere (OH-).
So I'd shoot two or more low-powered masers (microwave lasers) into the atmosphere from a high altitude so that they intersect in the stratosphere.
The power levels would be low enough at ground level not to cause environmental harm but the beams woudl reinforce when they intersected in the stratosphere.
Microwaves break down the water in the atmosphere into OHand H+ ions which then break down other chemicals by reacting with them.
Converting methane to carbon dioxide would decrease global warming because methane has about twenty times the warming potential of carbon dioxide.
Breaking down chlorofurocarbons would have an even greater effect because they have a warming potential several hundred times that of carbon dioxide.
(There might be other ways of getting the same effect - for example, there are catalysts which also break down methane when exposes to light, coat balloons with them and float them in the stratosphere.
Iangould, Sep 28 2006
Please log in.
 It seems like this would just break the methane into CO2 (and water). Not a great gain for the cost.
omnilynx, Sep 29 2006
 And fried chicken will rain from the skies. Well, nuked starlings at the very least.
Galbinus_Caeli, Sep 29 2006
 sp. chlorofluorocarbons?
 ...but I like the general idea... but would anyone like to offer some numbers about
1. CO2 produced by generation of energy to power the masers vs.
2. CO2-equivalent (in methane) broken down by resulting maser beams?
 For example, if the'several hundred times' figure is based on mass of CO2 vs. equal mass of methane, and, for the sake of argument we postulate, conservatively, that several=3, then we have a break-even point where, say, every tonne of CO2 produced from, say, a dirty old coal-fired power station will allow us enough energy at the intersection of the maser-beams to break down three-and-a-bit kilos of methane.
 So, does anyone know how much raw energy a power plant might yield for a tonne of CO2, and how much of that of that will lost in transit up to the remote plateaux where the masers sit?
 If we know that, then we can think about how much energy the masers will lose cooking starlings and other small objects in the atmosphere below the intersection, how much will go straight through the intersection and head out into space, etc.
 Then again, what if we had the masers powered by arrays of solar panels in the middle of a desert, the beams intersecting somewhere in a substantial gap between two or more such arrays, and the resultant water irrigating the desert? Or is there no methane over deserts?
 sorry about incoherence, it's getting late here.
pertinax, Sep 29 2006
back: main index


text:
Napoleon's biographers often note his fondness for theatre, but as we approach the bicentenary of the Emperor's death, little remains known about the nature of theatre at the time. This is particularly the case for tragedy, the genre in which France considered itself to surpass its neighbours.
Based on extensive archival research, this first sustained study of tragedy under Napoleon examines how a variety of agents used tragedy and its rewriting of history to make an impact on French politics, culture and society, and to help reconstruct the French nation after the Revolution. This volume covers not just Napoleon's efforts, but also those of other individuals in government, the theatrical world, and the wider population. Similarly, it uncovers a public demand for tragedy, be it the return of Corneille, Racine, and Voltaire to the Comédie-Française, or new hits like Les Templiers (1805) and Hector (1809).
This research also sheds new light on Napoleonic propaganda and censorship, exposing their incoherencies and illustrating how audiences reacted to these processes. In short, Tragedy and Nation in the Age of Napoleon argues that Napoleonic tragedy was not simply tired and derivative; it engaged its audiences, by chomping at the poetic bit, allowing for a retrial of the Revolution, and offering a vision of the new French nation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
1. What is the Wear of Bearings
Bearings are consider the heart of machinery, making the production process smooth and efficient. Howeverm after a period of use, Bearings will wear out, causing damage and inefficiency.
2. How to know when Bearings are worn out?
Usually, it is difficult to determine in advance when Bearings are worn out. We can only predict when checking periodically or when some pjenomena occur, for example:
- There is an inusual screech
- The tempurature of Bearings increases abnormally
- Bearings vibrate strongly.
3. Why is it necessary to measure the Wear of Bearings
It is very important to check the Wear of Bearings periodically. It ensures the performance of the machine, prevents Bearings from being worn too deeply leading to operation interuption, or even the whole machinery system's damage and production shutdown.
4. The main causes of the Wear of Bearings
- Pressure and force when operating is too large, especially in continuous operating environment wwith high temperature
- Poor quality orr incorrect type off lubricating oil
- Improper lubrication technique.
5. How to check the Wear of Bearings?
The method of measuring the Wear of Bearings should be taken at the right time because this iss the part that that is subjected to a relatively large pressure, in which the internal clearance is the place where it is most affected. Hence, bearing race is the most prone to wear and the first to check, using the following common methods:
- Lead squeezing: Calculating the wear rate based on the "corrosion" phenomenon, based on subjective feeling so the accuracy is not high. Therefore, this method is no longer applicable in practice
- Method of measuring, analyzing vibration by mechanical equipment (Bearing Defect Frequency - BDF): This method is performed most commonly. It helps tracht and detect failure frequencies of Bearings. This is special because it is possible to determine whether the performance level of the current bearing is stable.
For more specific advice, please contact the website: _URL_


text:
Major Section: DOCUMENTATION
ACL2 documentation strings make special use of the tilde character (~). In particular, we describe here a ''markup language'' for which the tilde character plays a special role. The markup language is valuable if you want to write documentation that is to be displayed outside your ACL2 session. If you are not writing such documentation, and if also you do not use the character '~', then there is no need to read on.
Three uses of the tilde character (~) in documentation strings are as follows. Below we explain the uses that constitute the ACL2 markup language.
The other uses of the tilde character are of the following form.
Indicates the end of a documentation section; see doc-string.
Indicates the literal insertion of a tilde character (~).
This directive in a documentation string is effective only during the processing of part 2, the details (see doc-string), and controls how much is shown on each round of
moreprocessing when printing to the terminal. If the system is not doing
moreprocessing, then it acts as though the ~] is not present. Otherwise, the system put out a newline and halts documentation printing on the present topic, which can be resumed if the user types
moreat the terminal.
~key[arg]Before launching into an explanation of how this works in detail, let us consider some small examples.
Here is a word that is code:
~c[function-name].Here is a phrase with an ''emphasized'' word, ''not'':
Do ~em[not] do that.Here is the same phrase, but where ''not'' receives stronger emphasis (presumably boldface in a printed version):
Do ~st[not] do that.Here is a passage that is set off as a display, in a fixed-width font:
~bv This passage has been set off as ''verbatim''. The present line starts just after a line break. Normally, printed text is formatted, but inside ~bv...~ev, line breaks are taken literally. ~evIn general, the idea is to provide a ''markup language'' that can be reasonably interpreted not only at the terminal (via
doc), but also via translators into other languages. In fact, translators have been written into Texinfo and HTML.
Let us turn to a more systematic consideration of how to mark text
in documentation strings using expressions of the form
~key[arg], which we will call ''doc-string tilde directives.''
The idea is that
key informs the documentation printer (which
could be the terminal, a hardcopy printer, or some hypertext tool)
about the ''style'' used to display
arg. The intention is that
each such printer should do the best it can. For example, we have
seen above that
~em[arg] tells the printer to emphasize
arg if possible, using an appropriate display to indicate
emphasis (italics, or perhaps surrounding
arg with some character
_, or...). For another example, the directive for bold
~b[arg], says that printed text for
arg should be in
bold if possible, but if there is no bold font available (such as at
the terminal), then the argument should be printed in some other
reasonable manner (for example, as ordinary text). The
is case-insensitive; for example, you can use ~BV or ~Bv or ~bV in
place of ~bv.
Every form below may have any string as the argument (inside
[..]), as long as it does not contain a newline (more on that
below). However, when an argument does not make much sense to us,
we show it below as the empty string, e.g., ''
~- Print the equivalent of a dash
~b[arg] Print the argument in bold font, if available
~bid[arg] ''Begin implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~bf Begin formatted text (respecting spaces and line breaks), but in ordinary font (rather than, say, fixed-width font) if possible
~bq Begin quotation (indented text, if possible)
~bv Begin verbatim (print in fixed-width font, respecting spaces and line breaks)
~c[arg] Print arg as ''code'', such as in a fixed-width font
~ef End format; balances ~bf
~eid[arg] ''End implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~em[arg] Emphasize arg, perhaps using italics
~eq End quotation; balances ~bq
~ev End verbatim; balances ~bv
~i[arg] Print arg in italics font
~id[arg] ''Implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~il[arg] Print argument as is, but make it a link (for true hypertext environments)
~ilc[arg] Same as ~il[arg], except that arg should be printed as with ~c[arg]
~l[arg] Ordinary link; prints as ''See :DOC arg'' at the terminal (but also see ~pl below, which puts ''see'' in lower case)
~nl Print a newline
~par Paragraph mark, of no significance at the terminal (can be safely ignored; see also notes below)
~pl[arg] Parenthetical link (borrowing from Texinfo): same as ~l[arg], except that ''see'' is in lower case. This is typically used at other than the beginning of a sentence.
~sc[arg] Print arg in (small, if possible) capital letters
~st[arg] Strongly emphasize arg, perhaps using a bold font
~t[arg] Typewriter font; similar to ~c[arg], but leaves less doubt about the font that will be used.
~terminal[arg] Terminal only; arg is to be ignored except when reading documentation at the terminal, using :DOC.
Style notes and further details
It is not a good idea to put doc-string tilde directives inside
~bv... ~ev.
Do not nest doc-string tilde directives; that is, do not write
The ~c[~il[append] function...but note that the ''equivalent'' expression
The ~ilc[append] function...is fine. The following phrase is also acceptable:
~bfThis is ~em[formatted] text. ~efbecause the nesting is only conceptual, not literal.
We recommend that for displayed text,
should usually each be on lines by themselves. That way, printed
text may be less encumbered with excessive blank lines. Here is an
Here is some normal text. Now start a display: ~bv 2 + 2 = 4 ~ev And here is the end of that paragraph.The analogous consideration applies to
Here is the start of the next paragraph.
~efas well as
You may ''quote'' characters inside the
arg part of
~key[arg], by preceding them with ~. This is, in fact, the
only legal way to use a newline character or a right bracket (])
inside the argument to a doc-string tilde directive.
Write your documentation strings without hyphens. Otherwise, you may find your text printed on paper (via TeX, for example) like this --
Here is a hyphenated word.even if what you had in mind was:
Here is a hyphenated word.When you want to use a dash (as opposed to a hyphen), consider using ~-, which is intended to be interpreted as a ''dash.'' For example:
This sentence ~- which is broken with dashes ~- is boring.would be written to the terminal (using
doc) by replacing
~-with two hyphen characters, but would presumably be printed on paper with a dash.
Be careful to balance the ''begin'' and ''end'' pairs, such as
~ev. Also, do not use two ''begin''
~bv) without an
intervening ''end'' directive. It is permissible (and perhaps this
is not surprising) to use the doc-string part separator
between such a begin-end pair.
Because of a bug in texinfo (as of this writing), you may wish to
avoid beginning a line with (any number of spaces followed by) the
- character or
The ''paragraph'' directive,
~par, is rarely if ever used.
There is a low-level capability, not presently documented, that
interprets two successive newlines as though they were
This is useful for the HTML driver. For further details, see the
authors of ACL2.
Emacs code is available for manipulating documentation strings that contain doc-string tilde-directives (for example, for doing a reasonable job filling such documentation strings). See the authors if you are interested.
We tend to use
~em[arg] for ''section headers,'' such as
''Style notes and further details'' above. We tend to use
~st[arg] for emphasis of words inside text. This division
seems to work well for our Texinfo driver. Note that
arg to be printed in upper-case at the terminal (using
arg to be printed at the
terminal as though
arg were not marked for emphasis.
Our Texinfo and HTML drivers both take advantage of capabilities for
indicating which characters need to be ''escaped,'' and how. Unless
you intend to write your own driver, you probably do not need to
know more about this issue; otherwise, contact the ACL2 authors. We
should probably mention, however, that Texinfo makes the following
requirement: when using
one of the special characters
}, you must
immediately follow this use with a period or comma. Also, the Emacs
''info'' documentation that we generate by using our Texinfo driver
has

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Mạc Toàn (chữ Hán: 莫全;? – 1593) emperor Vũ An đế was the sixth king of the Mạc dynasty, and effectively the last of the dynasty. He reigned briefly from _PHONE_, following the death of Mạc Mậu Hợp and was followed by various nominal leaders of the Mạc: Mạc Kính Chỉ (_PHONE_), Mạc Kính Cung (_PHONE_), Mạc Kính Khoan (_PHONE_) and Mạc Kính Vũ (_PHONE_).
- Đại Việt Thông Sử, Lê Quý Đôn (1759)
Mạc Mậu Hợp
|King of Vietnam
Mạc reduced to the status of local lords at Cao Bằng
|This biography of a member of an Asian royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
Let's get started with creating our first form using the powerful Kali Forms plugin.
Step 1. Access your WordPress admin panel
You can access the admin section of your WordPress installation by adding /wp-admin to your website URL.
Step 2. Navigate to the Kali Forms page
Use the admin panel sidebar in order to navigate to the KaliForms main section.
Step 3. Add a new form
Create a new form by clicking the Add new button.
Step 4. Set the general form options
Here you can choose to use one of our pre-defined form templates, these come with a complete configuration of the form fields, layout and email notifications. The current templates available are:
Kali Forms Lite
Contact form, Employee information form.
Kali Forms Pro
Appointment form, Customer feedback form, Art contest, Job application, Gaming tournament registration.
If these do not meet your needs, you can also opt to start building the form from scratch.
The general form settings are:
- The Form Name: this can be typed in directly in the top-left corner of your browser.
- Required field mark: with this option you can control the sign used to highlight required fields, the most common mark being *.
- Multiple selector separator: when using fields that allow multiple options, for example checkbox groups, this will be used to separate the values.
- Remove CAPTCHA for logged in users: speed up the form submission process by disabling the reCAPTCHA field for logged in users.
- Global error message: a global message displayed when any validation error occurs. This message is separate from the field validation message.
- Show thank you message: choose to show the thank you message after the form is submitted.
- Save form submissions: you can opt out of storing form submissions in your database with this option and only have the information send via the email notifications.
- Submissions view page: the URL of the page that will display the form submissions, these will be shown through the [kaliforms-submission] shortcode.
- Thank you message: the message displayed after the form is successfully submitted.
- Redirect URL: after submitting the form you will be redirected to the URL configured in this field.
- Form CSS ID: with this option you can add an extra CSS ID to your form.
- Form CSS Class: here you can add an extra CSS class to your form.
Step 5. Add the form fields
Use the Drag & Drop builder in order to start adding fields to your form. The fields available in the basic package are: textbox, textarea, freetext, divider, dropdown, radio group, checkbox group, date picker, file upload, reCAPTCHA, submit button.
Step 6. Configure the email notifications
After setting up your form, you can enable one or multiple email notifications on each form submission. You can read an in-depth presentation of the email configuration in the following article.
Step 7. Save your first form
The most important action during the form creation process is to save your changes, it is recommended to do this after configuring each section of the form.


text:
The job of the manifest file is to indicate to the device the name and version of the MIDlet suite in the JAR and to specify which of the class files it contains correspond to the individual MIDlets. In order to make use of this information, however, the device must download the JAR and extract the manifest. Having done this, it can then display the values associated with the
MIDlet-Vendor attributes and the optional
MIDlet-Icon attributes. These attributes allow the user to decide whether the MIDlets should be installed. However, the JAR for a MIDlet suite might be quite large and may take some time to retrieve over the relatively slow networks to which mobile devices typically have access. If the only useful description of its content were in the JAR itself, a lot of time might be wasted transferring large files that are immediately rejected as uninteresting.
To solve this problem, some of the attributes from the manifest file, together with extra information, is duplicated in the JAD file. Instead of downloading the whole JAR, a MIDP device first fetches its JAD file, which is much smaller than the JAR and can be transferred quickly. The device then displays the JAD file's contents to the user so that she can decide whether to fetch the JAR file. The JAD contains some attributes that come from the manifest file and others that do not appear in the manifest. The common attributes are as follows:
These attributes (with the possible exception of the last one) can all be presented to the user as an aid to deciding whether the content of the corresponding JAR file is interesting enough to download. The first three of these attributes are mandatory in both JAR and JAD files, and the MIDP specification requires that their values be identical. The remaining attributes are all optional. If they appear in both the manifest and the JAD file, the value in the JAD file takes precedence over that in the manifest (and at this stage, the device can see only the value in the JAD file).
The JAD file also contains two other attributes that are not present in the manifest file:
The Mobile Information Device Profile and MIDlets, Part 5
The Mobile Information Device Profile and MIDlets, Part 4
The Mobile Information Device Profile and MIDlets, Part 3
The Mobile Information Device Profile and MIDlets, Part 1
MIDlet-Jar-Size attribute can be displayed to the user to help determine how long it will take to fetch the JAR; it also enables the user to guess whether the device has enough free space to install the JAR. Assuming the user decides to install the MIDlet suite, the next step is to fetch the JAR itself, which can be found by using the value of the
Suppose a company called "Wireless Java Inc." creates a suite of MIDlets called
WirelessTrader that allow a user to do online stock trading from a MIDP device. The suite contains two MIDlets, one for trading, the other for simply browsing through stock prices. The main classes for these two MIDlets are called
com.wireless.BrowseMIDlet, and they make use of common code in the
com.wireless.Utils class. The manifest for this suite would look something like this:
MIDlet-Name: WirelessTrader MIDlet-Vendor: Wireless Java Inc. MIDlet-Version: 1.0.1 MIDlet-Description: A set of MIDlets for online trading. MIDlet-Icon: /com/wireless/icons/wireless.png MIDlet-Info-URL: _URL_ MIDlet-Data-Size: 512 MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-1.0 MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC MIDlet-1: StockTrader,/com/wireless/icons/trader.png,com.wireless.TradeMIDlet MIDlet-2: StockBrowser,/com/wireless/icons/browser.png,com.wirelessBrowseMIDlet
In the JAR, this file would appear as
META-INF/MANIFEST.mf. The JAR would also include the following files:
Note the following about the attributes in the manifest file and the content of the JAR:
The JAR contains the two MIDlet class files and the class file for
com.wireless.Utils, which contains code that is used by both MIDlets. This latter file, however, does not need to be referenced from the manifest file. The JAR also contains the three icons that are referred to from the manifest file.
MIDlet-Iconattribute contains the absolute path of the icon file for the MIDlet suite, relative to the JAR file itself.
Each MIDlet has an attribute that describes it; the attribute's name is of the form
nis an integer. The value of this attribute has the following form:
nameis the name of the MIDlet within the MIDlet suite.
iconis the full path of the icon that the device may use along with the MIDlet name when displaying the content of the MIDlet suite to the user.
classis the name of the MIDlet's main class. The icon is optional; if no icon is required, it should be omitted:
Note that even if an icon is specified, the device is not obliged to display it. The same applies to the MIDlet suite icon defined by the optional
The JAD file for this suite can be constructed like this:
MIDlet-Name: WirelessTrader MIDlet-Vendor: Wireless Java Inc. MIDlet-Version: 1.0.1 MIDlet-Description: A set of MIDlets for online trading. MIDlet-Info-URL: _URL_ MIDlet-Data-Size: 512 MIDlet-Jar-Size: 10312 MIDlet-Jar-URL: _URL_
This file contains the information that the device displays to the user, together with the URL of the MIDlet suite JAR. In this case, the common attributes have the same values in the manifest and the JAR, but it is possible to override the
MIDlet-Data-Size attributes by specifying different values in the JAD file.
In order to be fully portable, the JAD file should be encoded using ISO-8859-1, because all MIDP implementations are required to support this character encoding. The successful use of any other encoding depends on the target device, which may not support the encoding, and the way in which the JAD file is transported to the device. If, for example, the file is fetched using HTTP, the Content-Type header can be used to specify the encoding as described in the later section "Delivery and Installation of MIDlets." In some cases, it is useful to be able to include in the JAD file Unicode characters that are not available in the ISO-8859-1 encoding or that are not easy to access from a standard keyboard. The MIDP reference implementation allows you to use Unicode escape sequences of the form
\uxxxx to overcome encoding limitations. For example, the following line includes the copyright character (Unicode value
00A9) in the MIDlet suite description:
MIDlet-Description: A set of MIDlets for online trading. \u00A9 Wireless Java Inc.
Although this feature is available in the MIDP reference implementation, it is not mentioned in the MIDP specification, so there is no guarantee that real devices will actually support it.
At runtime, a MIDlet can access files from its JAR using the
getResourceAsStream( ) method of
java.lang.Class. Any file in the JAR, apart from class files, can be accessed this way. This is typically how you would include images or text files that should be displayed in the user interface, an example of which will be shown in Chapter 4. A MIDlet can also define its own private attributes in the manifest file and the JAD and retrieve them at runtime, as you'll see in "Developing MIDlets" later in this chapter.
Next time, learn MIDlet Execution Environment and Lifecycle.
Kim Topley has more than 25 years experience as a software developer and was one of the first people in the world to obtain the Sun Certified Java Developer qualification.
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text:
October 13, 2009
Elections Code Section 52710, we have reviewed the proposed initiative
regarding Christmas music in public primary and secondary schools (A.G.
File No. 09‑0030).
The current Supreme Court interpretation of the
First Amendment allows public schools to study religious practices,
including holidays, if the tone of the education is not devotional in
nature. That is, art, literature, or music with religious themes may be
presented if they serve the academic goals of the school but may not be
used as a vehicle to promote religious belief. Additionally, school
concerts that present a variety of musical selections may include
Given existing law and judicial interpretation,
schools currently are able to offer Christmas music curricula if the
curricula are used for academic rather than devotional purposes. In
California, the funding for such curricula likely comes from schools'
Proposition 98 funding allocations. Proposition 98 provides a guaranteed
minimum amount of funding for K-14 education.
Requires Christmas Music Curricula.
This measure requires that all public elementary and secondary schools
offer opportunities for its pupils to listen to and/or perform Christmas
music. Schools are further required to provide appropriate notice to
parents and guardians as well as offer alternatives to the Christmas
music curricula should some students choose not to participate. These
opportunities are to be provided during an art or social studies class,
an assembly, or both, at the seasonally appropriate time.
Impact on State School Costs. This
initiative would have no fiscal impact at the state level because it
does not affect Proposition 98 funding levels.
Impact on Local School District Costs.
At the local level, all school districts likely would incur some
additional costs due to the parental notification requirement. Districts
also could incur costs to provide students opportunities to listen to
and/or perform Christmas music and to oversee those students who decide
to opt out of listening to Christmas music. These annual costs, which
would vary by district, probably would be minor.
Summary of Fiscal Effects
This measure would have the following fiscal
Probably minor annual costs to school districts.
Return to Initiatives and Propositions
Return to Legislative Analyst's Office Home Page


text:
Controlled burn done at elementary
In the interest of safety, a controlled and permitted burn took place on Monday, April 25 at Otsego Elementary School prairie land and adjoining fields.
The contractor, Prairie Restoration, notified school district officials that morning that the weather conditions were expected to be near perfect for the controlled burn.
The contractor attempted a controlled burn last year; however, wind conditions were such that the burn had to be canceled. During the controlled burn, school property was cordoned off with only fire experts allowed on site.
The reason for the controlled burn is to reduce what is referred to as "fuel buildup," which if not managed early in the season leads to the potential of uncontrolled field fires (lightning, etc.). The burn also controls non-native weeds while stimulating the growth of the native grasses and forbs.
Experts recommend that prairies be scheduled for controlled burns every five to seven years; Otsego Elementary School is now in that window. School Principal Erin Talley says management now not only helps "ensure the safety of our students and school, but also lessens the possibility of an uncontrolled fire affecting neighbors' property."


How-To Geek
Plesiochronous refers to telecommunications operations that are almost synchronous.
For example, if you have a transmission exchanged between two devices with different clock settings, the transmission may not arrive in the same time slot it was sent, but if it arrives within a set/defined time range it would be considered Plesiochronous.
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text:
Use of Automatic Cluster Removers in Milking Dairy Cows
Posted: May 7, 2005
In order to achieve these goals there are several important decisions that farmers make. These include milking frequency, cow preparation routine, type of equipment to purchase, and when the end of milking occurs for each cow. Milking equipment manufacturers have developed automatic cluster removers (ACR, also known as automatic take-offs) to determine end-of-milking. Automatic cluster removers determine when the milk flow rate is low enough to detach the milking machine from the udder. Use of this equipment allows greater consistency than is possible with manual machine removal and also allows for a reduction in labor. As dairy farms get larger there is more pressure to increase the pounds of milk/unit of labor or pounds of milk/hour of parlor operation. Thus, there is interest in optimizing parlor efficiency.
To really take advantage of automatic cluster removers, dairy farmers need to have the correct settings for milk flow rate. In general, the higher the flow rate setting, the quicker the unit will determine the end-of-milking. This is desirable from the standpoint of reduced labor costs and is thought to reduce the stress on teat ends. Overmilking from excessive milking time may lead to mastitis. However, there is likely a point at which a higher ACR setting leads to a reduction in milk yield. Since most farm income comes from milk sales, the loss in milk is very undesirable. Thus, the correct ACR setting on a farm is likely a compromise between machine-on time and milk yield. The primary purpose of our study at Penn State was to evaluate the effect of three ACR settings (1.06, 1.32 and 1.76 #/min) on machine-on time and milk yield. A second objective was to determine if there was a difference in response between heifers and older cows.
The study used 60 lactating Holsteins (20 heifers and 40 lactating cows). Cows were milked twice per day. The three ACR settings were studied over 12 weeks in a design that was balanced for days-in-milk and stage of bST cycle. Data were collected from almost 10,000 individual cow milkings in a double-10 parlor with an Afifarm system for automatic data collection.
Results showed that there was a significant reduction in machine-on time as the ACR setting was increased.
|Machine-on time (min)||6.3||5.9||5.6|
|Milk Yield/cow/milking (#)||43.4||43.8||42.5|
Cows milked 0.4 minutes/milking quicker when the setting increased to 1.32 #/min flow rate, and an additional 0.3 min faster when the setting was increased to 1.76 #/min. There was no significant difference in milk yield as the ACR setting increased from 1.06 to 1.32 #/min, but there was a significant reduction in yield as the setting increased to 1.76 #/min. The 1.3 pounds of lost milk per milking that we observed at the 1.76 ACR setting may represent a substantial herd loss if multiplied by the number of milkings per day, times the number of cows milked. The average milking time for the 1.32 setting was 5.9 min, which is very acceptable for cows that averaged 87.6 _TAG_/day. The number of cases of clinical mastitis was also not different among the three groups. There were 3, 2 and 3 cases for the 1.06, 1.32 and 1.76 ACR settings, respectively. Longer studies must be performed before we can make definitive statements about the effect of ACR setting on somatic cell counts, but this study showed no obvious differences. Our study also showed that there was no difference in response between heifers and cows, so that one parlor can milk both groups equally well.
Some caution is needed in interpreting these results. Herds with significantly different milk production, different milking frequency, and different pre-milking routines than ours may lead to somewhat different results. However, the principles will likely be similar.
In conclusion, it appears that the best ACR setting for most PA dairy farms may be to select the highest ACR setting that does not reduce milk yield. An ACR setting of 1.32 # milk/minute was optimal in our study. This approach will allow farmers to harvest the optimal amount of milk while reducing machine-on time, labor costs, and potential teat-end stress.
Complete results and full discussion are in: (Magliaro and Kensinger, 2005. J. Dairy Science 88:148-153.)
R. S. Kensinger, Professor of Animal Nutrition & Physiology
and A. L Magliaro, Research Aide, Dept. of Dairy & Animal Science


Are creams and lotions the same?
Asked By: Elaid Martini | Last Updated: 22nd April, 2020
Category: style and fashion skin care
4.2/5 (45 Views. 16 Votes)
Perhaps the biggest difference between lotion and cream is that lotions have a higher water content. A lotion is typically a mix of water and droplets of oil, is lighter weight than cream, and is non-greasy. Creams are thicker in consistency than lotions and provide a barrier that keeps skin ultra-hydrated.
Click to see full answer
Also, what is the main difference between a lotion and a cream?
The biggest difference between a cream and lotion is the oil content. Creams have a larger percentage of oil content and are most useful to deeply nourish and hydrate very dry skin. Creams are generally better in the winter when there is less moisture in the air, or in dry climates.
Likewise, people ask, is lotion or cream better for face?
In general, creams are better for people with dry skin while lotions are better for those with oily skin. The thicker formulas lock in moisture and/or provide a protective layer to better keep skin hydrated and supple. Thinner formulas help prevent clogged pores and acne breakouts.
What is the difference between Aveeno cream and lotion?
Each cream and lotion has its own unique composition and benefits. Lotions have a higher water percentage and, to put it simply, are droplets of oil mixed in water. Lotions tend to be light-weight, non-greasy, and are more easily absorbed into the skin. They are excellent for normal to slightly dry skin.
37 Related Question Answers Found
Can I use body cream on face?
Body Lotion.
It would be nice to just slather on one lotion and be done with it, but body lotions should NEVER be applied to your face because they're usually a lot thicker and typically contain fragrances that might irritate your facial skin. On your face, you should always use something more gentle and delicate.
Why is it called cold cream?
The emulsion is of a "water in oil" type unlike the "oil in water" type emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin. The name "cold cream" derives from the cooling feeling that the cream leaves on the skin. It can also be used to remove makeup and as shaving cream.
Which is more effective cream or lotion?
Because body lotion is more readily absorbed by the skin – due to its lower viscosity than cream – it's excellent for normal to slightly dry skin. It leaves a less greasy residue than cream and is ideal for use during the day and in hot summer months.
Which is better body lotion or body cream?
Body cream is heavier and contains a higher viscosity, or sticky mixture of water and oil. According to, creams penetrate the skin and provide a barrier that prevents more moisture loss from the skin than lotion. Because body cream is thicker, it is usually sold in a tub or jar container.
What ointment means?
An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal. A range of ointments and creams is available for the direct treatment of eczema on the skin. An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal.
What is the best face moisturizer?
To lend a helping hand, we rounded up the top picks in facial moisturizers.
 - Best Overall: Olay Regenerist Micro-Sculpting Cream.
 - Best Splurge: Crème de la Mer Moisturizing Cream.
 - Best Drugstore: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel.
 - Best Innovation: Augustinus Bader The Cream.
 - Best for Very Dry Skin: Dr.
Where do you use body cream?
When to Apply Body Lotion and Moisturizer
Kaminer mentioned, it's best to apply body lotion and moisturizer immediately after exiting a bath or shower, while your skin is still damp. This helps to lock in the most moisture.
What is best natural face moisturizer?
The 10 Best Natural and Organic Face Moisturizers
 - Weleda Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Cream. Weleda
 - Nutrient Day Cream SPF 30. Josh Rosebrook
 - Countertime Antioxidant Soft Cream.
 - Blemish Balm.
 - Golden Hour Recovery Cream.
 - Hyaluronic Gel Moisturizer.
 - Protini Polypeptide Moisturizer.
 - The Dewy Skin Cream.
Which is better Cetaphil cream or lotion?
RazorPete. Lotions are less effective moisturizers than creams and lotions generally have more preservatives in them, due to increased water content. Cetaphil uses parabens as its main preservatives, it puts more into its lotions and less into its creams.
What is the most moisturizing ingredient?
The Best Moisturizers
Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium hyaluronate, urea, propylene glycol, alpha hydroxy acids, and sugars, attract water into the skin cells, causing the skin surface to swell very slightly — thus temporarily making it appear smoother and free of wrinkles.
What is the best lotion for dry skin?
16 Body Lotions and Creams to Moisturize Dry Skin
 - Kiehl's Since 1851 Crème de Corps.
 - The Body Lotion.
 - Advanced Therapy Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Moisturizer.
 - Aveeno Daily Moisturizing Body Lotion.
 - Whipped Argan Oil Body Butter.
 - Shea Butter Rich Body Lotion.
 - Naked Body Butter.
What comes first moisturizer or cream?
Moisturizers help quench dry skin and can double as eye cream. Next comes moisturizer, if you need it. Not everyone does! If your skin is normal to oily, you may be able to get away with a serum alone.
What is the best lotion or cream for dry skin?
Read on for the best body lotions for dry skin.
 - Best Overall: Nécessaire The Body Lotion.
 - Best Budget: CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Best Splurge: La Mer The Body Crème Jar.
 - Best Scent: Le Labo Rose 31 Hand & Body Lotion.
 - Best Classic: Kiehl's Creme de Corps.
Is moisturizer better than lotion?
Lotions usually are a type of cream which has a lighter consistency than a moisturizer. Moisturizers, on the other hand, have a thicker consistency than lotions. They are specially designed to hydrate the skin. People who have dry skin go for heavier moisturizers to hydrate their skin more.
Which is best face cream for dry skin?
Best lightweight face cream for dry skin: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel. Best drugstore face cream for dry skin: CeraVe Moisturizing Cream. Best pro-approved face cream for dry skin: Drunk Elephant Protini Polypeptide Cream. Best plant-based face cream for dry skin: Youth To The People Age Prevention Superfood Cream.
How do I choose lotion?
Creams are thinner, help hydrate, and are good for normal skin. Lotions are the lightest (water is their main ingredient) and are a good match for oily skin. Base the thickness of your moisturizer on when and where you use it on your body.
Should you use body lotion everyday?
If that's you, you probably don't need to moisturize every day. However, it's good to moisturize certain areas of your skin every day. You should also be moisturizing your face more often than the rest of your body (I usually stick to two times a day).


Old School
*Since 2021*
Welcome to Old School CAFÉ
Literally: Old \' ōld, 'ōl\ 1. dating from the remote past, advanced in years or age AND School \'skül \ 1. an institution for the teaching of children.
The building at 196 N Main St was built around 1870 as an early primary school, School #1, for the Naples village children. It has served many purposes since that time, including library, office, retail, residence…Our intent was to restore the Old School vibe, celebrating its earliest history with original photos and classroom artifacts, both reproduced and authentic!
Merriam-Webster: Old School \'ol(d)-,skül\ 1. adhering to traditional policies or practices 2. evocative or characteristic of an earlier or original style, manner, or form
Urban Dictionary: Old-school 1. anything that refers to a previous generation; back in the day. 2. the way things used to be done; classic
Best Will Ferrel movie EVER! Just kidding…Old School today is a pop-culture phrase meaning something done in ways of the past, and thus given credibility, or highly regarded or respected. We make old school espresso, homespun baked goods, classic cocktails and cooked to order food that focuses on superior ingredients and traditional methods. What's an immersion circulator? Who cares – we don't use one!
café or ca•fe [ ka-fey, kuhor French ka-fey ]
noun, plural ca•fés [ka-feyz, kuhor, especially for 2, French ka-fey]
a small, unpretentious restaurant, often with exterior seating on a patio or extending onto the sidewalk.
Good food is the foundation of genuine happiness.
- Auguste Escoffier
Why Old School?
In the modern culinary world, the dining experience has evolved in many ways. Our goal is to return to a meal that is reminiscent, familiar and accessible. Food everyone understands, in an atmosphere where everyone feels welcome…
Join our email list
for updates on the café, events and specials


Execution van
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about execution vans in China. For mobile gas chamber execution vans, see Gas van.
The execution van, also called a mobile execution unit, was developed by the government of the People's Republic of China and was first used in 1997. There is evidence that mobile execution chambers existed before 1997: the state of Delaware in the United States of America purchased a mobile lethal-injection chamber in 1986.[1] The prisoner is strapped to a stretcher and killed inside the van. The van allows death sentences to be carried out without moving the prisoner to an execution ground. The vans also require less manpower per execution, requiring four persons to assist with the injection.[2] The PRC states that the vans are more humane than previous forms of execution. Human-rights groups predict that the execution rate in China will increase because of mobile capital punishment.[3]
People's Republic of China[edit]
After the 1997 decision to legalize lethal injection as a form of execution, PRC officials began using execution vans across China. Becoming popular in 2006, these officials state that the vans are cost-effective by allowing communities without the money to build dedicated death rows to kill prisoners without the costs associated with sending prisoners away for death. Former Chinese judge and current lawyer Qiu Xingsheng argues that "some places can't afford the cost of sending a person to Beijing—perhaps $250—plus $125 more for the drug."[4] Because Beijing is the only place where the drug is manufactured, the vans have allowed localities to administer the death sentence where the crime took place. Estimates place the number of execution vans in operation at around 40; the PRC has not confirmed this number.
A converted 24-seat bus, the execution van keeps the appearance of a normal police van on the outside with no markings indicating its purpose. The rear of the vehicle houses a windowless chamber where the execution takes place. Several cameras are present and feed closed-circuit televisions in the front of the van; a recording can be made if desired. The bed itself slides out of the wall under its own power, on which the convicted person is strapped down. A syringe is put into the arm by a technician and a police official administers the injection by pressing a button.[citation needed]
The PRC government claims that this is a more humane form of killing people, being far less painful than firing squad executions. Zhao Shijie, president of the Yunnan Provincial High Court, was quoted as praising the new system: "The use of lethal injection shows that China's death penalty system is becoming more civilized and humane."[3] While the vans have moved China away from previous days of large public executions, human rights activists counter that they are "like government-sanctioned death squads", and allow for an increased number and a higher efficiency of executions.
There is concern that mobile execution units have made organ harvesting much easier and more profitable, as lethal injection does not damage the body. In March 2006 the Ministry of Health banned the sale of organs.[4] It is believed that this has had no effect. Activists claim that the bodies are quickly cremated, which makes it impossible for family members to determine if organs have in fact been removed.[2]
Notable executions[edit]
On December 22, 2003, organized crime leader Liu Yong was executed in an execution van in a controversial ruling. Liu was convicted of 32 charges and sentenced to death in 2000, but was granted a reprieve after appealing the case on the grounds that his confession was forced. Liu had been given a retrial by the Supreme Court on December 17. It was the first time the Supreme Court had bypassed China's two-trial system in which two trials are permitted and the verdict of the second trial may be appealed by either side.[5][6]
On March 17, 2006, billionaire Yuan Baojing was executed in a van for the arranged murder of a blackmailer.[4]
Director of the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China, Zheng Xiaoyu was executed in an execution van on July 10, 2007, for corruption. Zheng tried to appeal the sentence, but the court ruled that he was a "great danger" to the country and its reputation.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "State of Delaware - Department of Correction - Death Row - History".
 2. ^ a b Antoaneta Bezlova (2006-07-21). "China's Mobile Death Fleet". Asia Times Online.
 3. ^ a b "Undermining Global Security: the European Union's arms exports". IANSA (NGO)IANSA.
 4. ^ a b c MacLeod, Calum (2006-06-15). "China makes ultimate punishment mobile". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
 5. ^ "Mafia kingpin dies in execution van". Taipei Times. 2003-12-23.
 6. ^ China's Criminal Justice System - Yale Law School - Yale University (PDF). Retrieved 1 October 2011.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Alice publishes $(n,e)$ where $n$ is exponential modulus and $e$ is the public key. We have $n=80$ digit number and $e=3$. Bob, in correspondence with Alice, asked Alice to prove she is really Alice, by making her signature on the following five numbers: $m1, m2, m3, m4, m5$. Then Alice sent 6 numbers $y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6$ where all the 6 numbers are really long, around 80 integers.
How do verify that these five numbers are indeed signed by Alice?
share|improve this question
Welcome to Cryptography Stack Exchange. Sorry, you need to be a bit more specific. Please read RSA signature, and then tell us what at what point you need clarifications. (You can edit your question.) – Paŭlo Ebermann Oct 18 '13 at 18:22
add comment
1 Answer
Alice will have computed
$y_{i} = m_{i}^{d} \,\mbox{mod}\, n$
and Bob will compute
$d_{i} = y_{i}^{e} \,\mbox{mod}\, n$
If Bob finds $d_{i} == m_{i}$ for every $i$, he will probably conclude that they were indeed signed by Alice. His conclusion however, is very unwise, since for this special case where $e=3$, the numbers $y_{i}$ can be easily forged by an attacker even if he does not possess the private key $d$ of Alice.
share|improve this answer
It depends. Take a look at this. Cheers. – rath Oct 19 '13 at 5:05
You are right, I forgot to mention that this assumes no padding scheme is employed – Pankrates Oct 19 '13 at 5:31
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Your Answer


text:
The Trust Insects for Food (TIFF) is one of the Southern Africa Resilience Innovation Lab (SA RILab) innovation projects implemented in Dikgale Community of Limpopo Province in South Africa by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The project falls under the Resilience Innovation Challenge for Food Security and Improved Income Generation (RIC4FIG) pathway 1 (Improve life and entrepreneurial skills).
The problem addressed
The Dikgale community is situated in a drought prone area with brutally high temperatures, low soil fertility and less than 500 mm of rainfall and typifies conditions that cannot support rain fed agriculture. The climatic conditions make it difficult to grow the staple maize without supplementary irrigation. Introduction of a resilient cereal like sorghum, with a short season means the community can ensure food security without irrigation and intensive inputs. The resilience of the crop is a further advantage towards combating the adverse effects of climate change in poor communities.
The project seeks to develop an "out-of-the-box" farming system, commercially producing grain sorghum and development of enterprise value chains from a single crop. Sorghum is the most ideal foundation of the innovation. Its adaptability to harsh conditions is a plus in efforts for combating climate change and ensuring food security. The sorghum crop and this project will be a vehicle for the inclusive participation of resource poor communities in agriculture because it is among the few crops that can be grown without sophisticated knowledge and irrigation in areas receiving 700 mm or less of summer rainfall.
The innovative valorisation of sorghum plant offers a direct solution towards addressing food and feed security through intertwining crop and insect farming. Valorisation of a resilient crop through utilization of waste streams, in the process creating enterprises and jobs is an important innovation for rural communities like Dikgale. The emerging enterprises will also contribute towards income and job creation for the unemployed.


text:
The Character of the Gift
Other names: Plum Rose, Malabar Plum
Botanical name: Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae)
THINK GOOD THOUGHTS UNDER THE TREE
The Rose Apple is a fabulous fruit tree of the tropics. It is neither a rose nor an apple, but a part of the myrtle family. Originally coming from Malaysia, the tree has spread widely throughout the tropics of the world. In Asia, the fruit tree is associated with symbolism and numerous legends. The Rose Apple is said to be the golden fruit of immortality, and Buddha is said to have experienced enlightenment sitting under a Rose Apple tree.
The Rose Apple grows fast and bears fruit by the age of four. The Rose Apple can reach 18 m (59 ft) in height. The trunk diameter can reach 40 cm (1.3 ft). The branches are bushy and the tree grows wide. The wonderful, dark rusty-coloured wood is utilized to make furniture and musical instruments.
THE FLOWERS HAVE TASSELS, THE FRUITS HAVE CROWNS
The Rose Apple blooms charmingly with white tuft like flowers and bears fruit from January to July. The tasty fruits are light green and look like a small apple, each fruit carrying a small crown. The healthy fruit has a slight scent of a rose. The Rose Apple is also used to make rose water and the difference between this and rose water made from rose petals is hard to discern.
The bark of Rose Apple is traditionally used to treat asthma. Tea made from the flowers is used to reduce fever and the leaf decoction relieves sore eyes.


text:
Updated: November 17, 2011
A land use plan for the Great Western Woodlands – stage 1 scoping study complete
A report has been produced for use by the 'Woodlands Initiative' to scope out a land use planning process for the Great Western Woodlands.
The Great Western Woodlands is the largest remaining intact temperate woodland on Earth. It is also home to around 40,000 people, has at least 350 mines, thousands of exploration tenements and is under increasing pressure from the mining boom and a growing tourism industry.
Managing this pressure together with conservation means considering a really wide range of stakeholders in any management plan.
The report produced by Ironbark Environmental to scope out a land use plan, is based on the views and preferences of those that have financial, environmental, social, or cultural interests in the land represented on the 'Woodlands Initiative' community group.
This group was convened for broad community involvement in determining the future of the Great Western Woodlands and is independent of the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group. The Wilderness Society is a member of this community group representing the interests of conservation.
The Woodlands Initiative has advantages over the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group in that it is not constrained by a timeline or a strict budget, and can remain politically neutral. This allows them to focus on the long term management needed to keep the Woodlands healthy.
The independent assessment by Ironbark found moderate to high level stakeholder support for the adoption of a landuse plan over the Great Western Woodlands. They found that a plan would:
- Provide an overarching management structure
- Enable greater support for collaborative initiatives involving a diversity of stakeholders
- Provide all stakeholders with the confidence of participating in a process that recognises a broad range of values and uses
The report recommends a three phased approach to any development of a land use plan and provides recommended next steps for the group to consider.
Download the summary report here (pdf 2.1 mb).
For more information, please contact:
The Wilderness Society WA Inc GWW
City West Lotteries House
2 Delhi St
West Perth, WA, 6005
Phone: 08 6460 4936


text:
The contact obstacles include the a-frame, dogwalk, teeter, and table. Before the use of running contacts, high level performance of these obstacles generally required a stop in the contact zone (the end parts of the contact that are painted a different color, usually yellow). The most common stopped performance requires the dog to keep the two rear feet on the contact while the two front feet are on the ground (commonly referred to as 2 on 2 off). This is more difficult on the teeter, especially for lighter medium-sized dogs, and it's impossible for very small dogs because of the rebound of the plank when it first hits the ground.
Running contacts apply to the a-frame and dogwalk only, as the table requires a 5 second wait for the dog and the teeter requires the dog to wait until the plank hits the ground before the dog can leave the obstacle. Running contacts let the dog run up and over the obstacles without stopping, and care must be taken to teach the dog to hit the contact zone while running, which takes a lot of training and understanding for both handler and dog. Today, running contacts are mostly taught by teaching the dog to touch a mat. The mat is transitioned to a plank, which is eventually elevated to resemble a dogwalk. From there, the mat can be placed on an actual dogwalk. For more information on training running contacts, start with our podcast with Silvia Trkman, the 3-time FCI World Champion from Slovenia, who popularized running contacts: Interview with Silvia Trkman
For all the contacts, the most common problems arise for the exact same reasons as problems in the start line behavior—confusion over criteria, and stress over making mistakes.
First, when dogs are confused about criteria, they often have good stopped contacts at home or practice but not at trials. That's because at home, the handler rarely continues running a course if the dog misses a contact, especially if their instructor is watching. Instead, they redo the contact, or at least require the dog to perform the very end behavior (getting into a 2 on 2 off position without doing the entire obstacle). In a trial, when dogs miss a contact, or the dog hits the contact but self-releases, handlers simply ignore the mistake and keep running. When that happens, the dog learns that the criteria for the stopped contact behavior has changed—there are two different sets of criteria, one for home and one for trials. Some dogs take a middle approach and slowly creep into the contact zone at trials, waiting for the release from the handler. The amount of time lost on contacts, especially the dogwalk, can be agonizing for trainers. The solution is simple: never reward a dog who fails to meet criteria, in practice or in trials.
Second, when contacts have been a point of conflict in training, dogs often become avoidant of the entire obstacle in a trial. They are reluctant to set up, they avoid eye contact, they sniff the ground, and they remain in position even after the release cue is given. For this group of dogs, you need to change the way you deal with mistakes in your training. We recommend listening to this podcast: How to Work Through Mistakes in Your Agility Training
Here are two resources for improving your contacts (an article/video and a podcast):
- A Quick Training Tip for Improving 2 On 2 Off Contact Performance
- Five Tips for Better Contact Performance
The teeter is a special obstacle because it causes many problems for fearful dogs who will do it in practice but not in trials. Dogs can fear the teeter for three reasons, and they must be addressed in teaching the teeter: the loud sound the teeter makes when it hits the ground, the actual movement of the teeter, and the height of the teeter. Teeters can also look like dogwalks to the dog as they approach them, so it's important that the dog understand the difference between the two obstacles based on verbal cues, which have to be given very early, not when the dog is about to step onto the obstacle. Learn more about teeter training and performance here: All About the Teeter


Example sentences for: sry-box
How can you use "sry-box" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - Several other HMG-box proteins also play important roles in lymphocyte development [ 17 ]. Mice doubly deficient in lymphocyte enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) have a complete block in development of T cells [ 18 19 ], while deficiency of SRY-box containing protein 4 (SOX-4) in mice results in a lack of pro-B cell expansion and mild perturbation of thymocyte development [ 20 ]. Unlike these HMG-box proteins, however, we find that the HMG-box of TOX is more closely related to the DNA binding domain of sequence-independent HMG-box proteins.
 - Nuclear localization signals are also highly conserved in SRY-box and other HMG-box proteins [ 37 ]. Basic residues outside of the HMG box motif may also function to stabilize DNA binding by these proteins [ 38 ].
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text:
Religious Do You Know Dry Erase Poster Set - 6 Pc.
6 Piece(s) _TAG_
You save 38%
Check students' comprehension and provide a further understanding of your Bible lessons with this dry erase poster set. Hang them on your board and go through each one as a class. Each set includes: Who, When, What, Why, Where and How. Dry erase markers sold separately. Laminated cardstock. (6 pcs. per set) 10" x 20" © OTC
- Oriental Trading
- Preschool, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade


- primitive moths
 TITLE: lepidopteran: Thorax
 SECTION: Thorax
 The forewings and hind wings on each side are coupled together in various ways. In primitive moths a fingerlike lobe on the forewing overlaps the base of the hind wing. In most moths a strong bristle or cluster of bristles (frenulum) near the base of the hind wing engages a catch (retinaculum) on the forewing. In some moths and in the skippers and butterflies, the frenulum mechanism has been...


text:
TIME really does seem to pass more quickly as you get older. Last weekend at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Washington DC, researchers reported that elderly and young people perceive time differently.
Peter Mangan, a psychologist at Clinch Valley College in Wise, Virginia, and his colleagues asked 25 young people aged between 19 and 24, and 15 older people aged between 60 and 80, to estimate a 3-minute interval by counting "seconds" using a "1, 1000, 2, 1000,..." technique. The young adults did this almost perfectly, averaging 3 minutes 3 seconds. But an average of 3 minutes 40 seconds flew by before the older people thought that just 3 minutes had elapsed.
It was not that the older adults were simply less bothered about time, the researchers found, as their volunteers were university teachers and other people who had not retired and were used to...
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Gayetty's paper, first introduced in 1857, was available as late as the 1920's. Gayetty's Medicated Paper was sold in packages of flat sheets, somewhat like Kleenex boxes. Original advertisements for the product used the tagline "The greatest necessity of the age! Gayetty's medicated paper for the water-closet."
Seth Wheeler of Albany, New York, obtained the earliest patents for toilet paper and dispensers, the types of which eventually were in common usage in the US.
Gayetty first marketed toilet paper in 1857 which originally sold for $0.50 U.S. Dollars in packs of 500 bearing a watermark of his name. The original product contained aloe as a lubricant and was marketed as an anti-hemorrhoid medical product. Gayetty's product was licensed to other manufacturers and sold as late as the 1920's.


Definitions for trafficˈtræf ɪk
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word traffic
Princeton's WordNet
 1. traffic(noun)
 2. traffic(noun)
 buying and selling; especially illicit trade
 3. traffic(noun)
 4. dealings, traffic(verb)
 social or verbal interchange (usually followed by 'with')
 5. traffic(verb)
 deal illegally
 "traffic drugs"
 6. traffic(verb)
 trade or deal a commodity
 "They trafficked with us for gold"
 1. traffic(Noun)
 Pedestrians or vehicles on roads, or the flux or passage thereof.
 Traffic is slow at rush hour.
 2. traffic(Noun)
 Commercial transportation or exchange of goods, or the movement of passengers or people.
 3. traffic(Noun)
 Illegal trade or exchange of goods, often drugs.
 4. traffic(Noun)
 Exchange or flux of information, messages or data, as in a computer or telephone network.
 5. traffic(Verb)
 6. traffic(Verb)
 To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.
 7. traffic(Verb)
 8. Origin: From trafic, tráfico, traffico
Webster Dictionary
 1. Traffic(verb)
 2. Traffic(verb)
 to trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain
 3. Traffic(verb)
 to exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration
 4. Traffic
 5. Traffic
 commodities of the market
 6. Traffic
 1. Traffic
British National Corpus
 1. Spoken Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'traffic' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #1807
 2. Written Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'traffic' in Written Corpus Frequency: #728
 3. Nouns Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'traffic' in Nouns Frequency: #701
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Translations for traffic
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Manage network configurations using the account console (E2)
The account console for E2 accounts is in Public Preview.
This article describes a process that is available only for accounts on the E2 version of the Databricks platform. All new Databricks accounts and most existing accounts are now E2. If you are unsure which account type you have, contact your Databricks representative.
By default, Databricks creates a VPC in your AWS account for each workspace and creates new Databricks Runtime clusters in it. If you are on the E2 version of the Databricks platform, you have the option to create workspaces in your own VPC, known as a customer-managed VPC. This article describes how to use the account console to create and manage network configurations for your account when you want to use a customer-managed VPC. To learn how to create network configurations using the Account API, see Create a new workspace using the Account API.
Using your own VPC enables you to configure it according to your organization's enterprise cloud standards while still conforming to Databricks requirements. You cannot migrate an existing workspace to your own VPC.
Create a network configuration
To create a network configuration for a customer-managed VPC, you must create the VPC and subnets to meet Databricks requirements and then reference that VPC—including network objects such as VPCs, subnets, and security groups—in a network configuration for your Databricks account.
These instructions show you how to create the network configuration from the Account Settings page in the account console before you create a new workspace. You can also create the storage configuration in a similar way as part of the flow of creating a new workspace. See Create and manage workspaces using the account console.
 1. Set up your VPC, subnets, and security groups, using the instructions in Customer-managed VPC.
 Copy the IDs for each of these objects for use in the next step.
 You can share one customer-managed VPC with multiple workspaces in a single account. You do not have to create a new VPC for each workspace. However, you cannot reuse subnets or security groups with any other resources, including other workspaces or non-Databricks resources. If you plan to share one VPC with multiple workspaces, be sure to size your VPC and subnets accordingly. Because a Databricks network configuration encapsulates this information, you cannot reuse a network configuration across workspaces.
 2. Go to the account console, click Account Settings, and click Network configurations.
 3. Click Add Network Configuration.
 4. In the Network Configuration Name field, enter a human-readable name for your new network configuration.
 5. In the VPC ID field, enter the VPC ID.
 6. In the Subnet IDs field, enter the IDs for at least two subnets in the VPC.
 7. In the Security Group IDs field, enter at least one Security Group ID.
 8. Click Add.
View network configurations including errors
 1. Go to the account console, click Account Settings, and click Network configurations.
 All network configurations are listed, with VPC ID, VPC Status, and Created date displayed for each.
 2. Click the network configuration name to view more details, including subnet IDs, security group IDs, and any error messages.
 Not all validations are run during network configuration creation. Some errors are detected only when the configuration is used to create a new workspace. If a new workspace fails to deploy, re-visit this page to view new error messages.
Delete a network configuration
Network configurations cannot be edited after creation. If the configuration has incorrect data or if you no longer need it, delete the network configuration:
 2. On the network configuration row, click the Actions menu icon, and select Delete.
 You can also click the network configuration name and click Delete on the pop-up dialog.
 3. In the confirmation dialog, click Confirm Delete.


Maximum transaction rate - Bitcoin Wiki
Kurs bitcoin rupiah
Add: ytozow53 - Date: 2021-06-18 02:47:56 - Views: 1217 - Clicks: 175
· 1) Block size Ever y blockchain consensus rule permits each block to be of a specific size. Bitcoin Core GUI. At the current average block size of around 1. The rules of the Blockchain are designed in such a way where a block cannot exceed one megabyte, so a block can only include transactions up to that limit. Storage size of the blockchain. 08% from one year ago. Blockchain Size (MB) The total size of the blockchain minus database indexes in megabytes. As we already explained in the chapter dedicated to blockchain, blocks are the essential piece of the blockchain, which is the distributed ledger that supports Bitcoin. Bitcoin XT, Bitcoin Classic and Bitcoin Unlimited each supported an increase to the maximum block size. But it wasn't always like this. Indeed according to this link the Bitcoin blockchain requires 196. The minimum sized transaction typeis the OP_CHECKSIG transaction:.. · With increasing block size, the rate at which the size of the Bitcoin blockchain grows can also be expected to increase. · Segregated witness still sounds complicated. The image shows the current market capitalization of Bitcoin. The maximum transaction rate is the block size limit divided by the average transaction size. While some of these proposals increase the maximum size of each block added to the Blockchain (from the current maximum of 1 MB per block), others seek to reduce the required storage capacity for the Blockchain. The storage size of the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) blockchain is increasing with every additional block, at a rate of:. Kurs bitcoin ke rupiah
· Currently, each block on the Bitcoin blockchain is able to contain 1mb of data, meaning that the block size of bitcoin is 1 megabyte. This is the size of the full Bitcoin transaction history for the past 10 years. For example, on the Bitcoin. 28, up from 342. One such proposal involves the selective pruning of old Bitcoin transaction data. - Decentralizes student loans - Supported by students from over 500 universities (Harvard, NYU, and many more) - Stake STC and earn dividends - Vote for project development. The block size limit is well known, 1MB, however the average transaction size isn't. · Currently, each block on the Bitcoin blockchain is able to contain 1mb of data, meaning that the block size of bitcoin is 1 megabyte. This forced a few prominent miners to hard fork the Bitcoin Blockchain and create Bitcoin Cash (BCH). So, you will have to work with the bitcoin blockchain size limit just as it is. 55 GB. Scalability (or scaling) is the maximum amount of transactions that a particular blockchain can process every second. Bitcoin Cash (BCH) is a hard fork of bitcoin increasing the maximum block size.. But the block size is really more of an upper-limit to the amount of data allowed to be stored. Bitcoin Cash has the same block generation time as Bitcoin but varies in size, with the initial BCH block size set to 8MB compared to the Bitcoin block size of 1MB. · Blocks have been mining on Bitcoin's blockchain that are over 2MB, despite having a limit of 1MB. Kurs bitcoin ke rupiah
Here we'll look at what influences that size. · Contrary to Roger's claims, the Lightning Network is extremely low fee (or free), more private and faster (effectively instant) than transactions on the main Bitcoin blockchain. There's a single line of code in Bitcoin Core that says the maximum block size is 1,000,000 bytes (1MB).. Why not simply raise the maximum block size? This means that there is a limit to how many transactions can fit in Bitcoin's blocks, according to the data contained in said transact Continue reading >>. · Bitcoin Blockchain Size is at a current level of 342. The problem is that each block is limited to the maximum size of information it can store. To help support the Blockchain in the wake of the bigger block movement, Remitano also joined the growing list of notable Bitcoin8M promoters. 86 one year ago. · Bitcoin Blockchain Size The bitcoin blockchain size is subjected to continuous increase. The simplest change would be a hard fork to update that line to say, for example, 2,000,000 bytes (2MB). · Modification of the browser by Internet users to limit cookies Spain to ;. 09 yesterday and up from 275. As explained by Remitano: "Scaling the Bitcoin block size now is more important than ever before. The Block Size debate. So, bitcoin has done both: increased the block size limit and deployed a second layer scaling solution that makes much more sense to support the everyday transactions. This is a change of 0. Kurs bitcoin ke rupiah
In my expectation, the Litecoin blockchain should be bigger because the block size limit is the same, but the block interval is a quarter of the block interval of bitcoin. 📷. 31 MB and 144 blocks mined per day on average, we can expect the Bitcoin blockchain to expand by up to 70 GB in the next year alone—sending it to almost 400 GB. Student Coin is the first platform that allows users to easily design, create, and manage personal, corporate, NFT, and DeFi tokens. 52 GB and Litecoin's 16. 05% from yesterday and 24. Information.. The mempool content is aggregated from a few instances of up to date Bitcoin nodes maintained by the engineering team; this way, we gather as much information as possible to provide accurate mempool metrics. The blocks store the essential information regarding all the transactions that occur. · On the other hand, as the maximum block size was increased by eight times, it allowed the Bitcoin Cash blockchain (or Bitcoin fork) to scale more transactions. It's crucial to know that Bitcoin 's 1MB limit can be stretched. The problem of the blockchain ledger size of Ethereum was more intense than that of bitcoin. Why Is the Block Size Limit Controversial? If we were to categorize the primary scalability problems in this sense, they would. Presently, the bitcoin blockchain size is around 15 GB, however, the bitcoin blockchain size is increasing at the speed of around 1 MB per hour. However, some of the space within this limit is not usable. Kurs bitcoin ke rupiah
· With a 1MB block size limit, the Bitcoin network processes a maximum of around seven transactions per second (there are anomalies). The storage size of the Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain is increasing with every additional block, at a rate of: (size of the last block) / (time to mine the last block) Since blocks are mined about every 10 minutes, and most new blocks are almost at the 1 MB blocksize limit, this rate has become about 1 MB/10 min = 6 MB/hr = 144 MB/day. The first time running Bitcoin Core, Max OS X will ask you to confirm that you want to run it: You will be prompted to choose a directory to store the Bitcoin block chain and your wallet. Assuming all remaining transaction outputs are 0. Each Bitcoin node builds its own version of the mempool by connecting to the Bitcoin network. The exact size depends on the types of transactions included. For example, on the Bitcoin network each block can be a maximum of 1 MB. · Segregated witness still sounds complicated. · Since then, the 1 MB became the effective limiting factor of the block size in Bitcoin Blockchain. Is this due to the smaller user base of Litecoin compared to Bitcoin? BTC (1 satoshi), with one single ouput per transaction left, and all assigned to standard pay-to-pubkey-hash addresses, I'd say the minimal upper bound on the pruned blockchain size is 21M * 10^8 * 54 bytes, or about 113 petabyte (100 pebibyte). Why not simply raise the maximum block size? · More so, the current bitcoin blockchain size limit is 1 MB. The simplest code modification would be a hard fork to update that line to say, for example, 2,000,000 bytes (2 MB). Why did Satoshi Nakamoto choose 1 MB is unknown to anyone, however, at the time, even 1 MB seemed. For comparison, Ethereum processes about 15 transactions per second, Bitcoin Cash process around 65 transactions per second, and the Visa network can process over 1,700 fiat transactions per second. The problem is that, today, we do. Kurs bitcoin ke rupiah
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text:
You may encounter the following error message in host events:
Unable to complete the operation due to the following error on the Agent/Appliance: Error processing PKCS7 data: error:06065064:
Additionally, one or more of the following symptoms may occur:
- It shows "Send Policy Failed" events.
- Deep Security Agent (DSA) may turn into offline status after its successful activation.
- Only one computer appears on the Computer page even when multiple computers are activated.
The Deep Security Manager (DSM) identifies Deep Security Agents based on the UUIDs. When computers have duplicated UUIDs, the issues mentioned above may occur because DSM could not handle requests from DSA due to duplicated UUIDs.
Some possible reasons of UUID duplication are as follows:
- Virtual machines are cloned using an unsupported method.
- A computer was not deactivated before restoring, and then it was restored after the computer was already activated by DSM.
To fix the issue:
- Find out the cause of UUID duplication and correct it.
- Remove the duplicate computers from the Computers page.
- Reset and reactivate the Deep Security Agent.
In case you are not able to identify the UUID duplication issue, do the following as a workaround:


text:
In Systemic Constellations: Theory, Practice, and Applications, Damian Janus examines systemic constellations, a breakthrough method of psychotherapy, coaching, and consulting developed by Bert Hellinger. Janus examines numerous case studies and addresses the broad potential of Hellinger's approach for improving clients' mental and physical health as well as for solving various issues of businesses and organizations.
Damian Janus is practicing psychologist.
Part I: Theory, Practice, Phenomenology
Chapter 1: Systemic Constellations—Fundamentals of the Method
Chapter 2: Elements of Therapeutic Practice
Chapter 3: Therapeutic Effects of Constellations
Part II: Application of Systemic Constellations in Psychotherapy and Coaching
Chapter 4: Relationships and Their Problems
Chapter 5: The Oedipus Complex from a New Perspective
Chapter 6: Systemic Aspects of Gender Identity
Chapter 7: Mental and Behavioral Disorders
Chapter 8: The Systemic Context of Psychoses
Chapter 9: Systemic Dynamics in Somatic Diseases
Chapter 10: The Systemic Background of Professional and Business Problems
Chapter 11: Development of Disorders and Problems—Metaprocesses


text:
This study investigated metadiscourse in the persuasive essays of fourth graders from both urban and rural communities: 224 students in South Korea and 188 in the US. Each student was asked to write a persuasive essay in his or her native Korean or English in response to a story not previously read or discussed. Analysis with a taxonomy developed by Hyland (2004) indicated significant differences in the metadiscourse by country. In terms of interactive metadiscourse, South Korean students used more sentence-level transitions than U.S. students, who used more frame markers and endophoric markers. With regard to interactional metadiscourse, U.S. students used more hedges, boosters, engagement markers, and self-mentions in their essays. This study also compared the students′ essays by the type of community in which the writers lived. In the US the essays of students in rural communities contained more hedges, whereas those of students in urban areas included significantly more self-mentions. In South Korea, no significant difference was detected in the metadiscourse of students living in rural and urban areas.
This article explores the issue of whether the strength of a country's national identity can determine extensive use of English instead of Croatian equivalents among Croatian students of kinesiology, both in their professional (i.e. expressions related to sport) and everyday language usage. The study addresses the following issues: a) what does having stronger national identity mean; b) is there correlation between strength of national identity and gender differences in knowledge and preferences in using Croatian equivalents over English terms; c) in which context (everyday or sports) do students use more Croatian terms than English ones? A questionnaire was given to a sample of 100 students from the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia. The Spearman Rank Order Correlations were used in establishing a correlation between national identity and the usage of Croatian equivalents, while the Mann-Whitney U Test was used in testing gender differences. To conclude, the results show a negative correlation between strength of national identity and knowledge of Croatian equivalents (in 51% of cases, in sports terminology, students do not know the Croatian word, and 78% prefer using English sport terms). Furthermore, gender differences were only found on the scale regarding English grades in high school (women had better grades than men).
The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between team members and their influence on a team achievement during project work in an online environment. Thirty English language students (from an upper secondary school in Prague) worked in twelve teams on a detailed guided tour through one historical Prague district by means of an online tool wiki. The main aim of the research was to answer the questions: Does student's sociability have an impact on team work, and if it does, to which extent? The methods of a post-questionnaire, a sociometric-rating questionnaire SORAD (Hrabal and Hrabal, 2002) and the analysis of students′ wiki contributions were used. Firstly, the paper deals with the terms sociability and sociometry, then the research is introduced and finally, the results are presented. The results show that student's position in a class plays more important role in team cooperation and collaboration than their personal preferences or motivation.
Psychodidactic themes focused on the educational context have recently been resolved in both theoretical and research work. These themes are connected with general didactics, educational psychology, individual subject didactics, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology and neurosciences. Since the psychodidactic context of education is a widespectral and interdisciplinary topic, the present contribution deals with the issues of psychological aspects in the context of foreign language learning of adults. Good lecturers are looking for ways to help participants develop key competences. The support of lecturers has a chance to be successful especially when it is systematic and includes high-quality theoretical preparation. The aim of this paper is to attract attention, to a theoretical level, to using psychodidactic aspects during foreign language training of adults as well as to the building of competences necessary for the selfrealisation of training course participants.
Raúl César Romero González and Marcela Georgina Gómez Zermeño
This research enquires about the Information and Communication Technologies preferences of students, teachers, and school principals in the teaching-learning process of a second language in 9th grade in two settings: Spanish for the Huichol people in a remote rural area and English for a private school in the city. The first case is situated in a rural Huichol community in the high mountain area of Jalisco, Mexico. The second one is located in a wealthy neighborhood in the Western Metropolitan area of Mexico City. A qualitative methodology with a heuristic and ethnographic design to investigate the reality of the daily use of technologies in both contexts for learning a second language. The instruments were the participant observation and in-depth interviews. Among the key findings are: (a) the participants tend to favor the use of technology for second language learning, (b) the bandwidth and the speed of the Internet is crucial to strengthen the immersion into the culture of a second language, (c) Educational communities support electronic enquiring, (d) there are similarities in the preferred search engines between the two populations, (e) the equity of education is hindered by school desertions, and (f) educational innovation requires that similar investigations take place to foster a full performance in the society of knowledge.
Vincent Šikula entered (also) children's literature in the 1960s, i.e. during the years when crucial works of Slovak children's literature were published. His works are interesting for children even nowadays because they are built on story-telling, interesting language, and, very often, quick action. Šikula's poetics is based on not underestimating children. He did not determine in advance for whom his books are intended, since, in his opinion, they were appropriated by those whom they suited most. The paper discusses Šikula's stories and fairy-tales with regard to the authorial narrative strategies.
William S. New, Hristo Kyuchukov and Jill de Villiers
The Roma constitute an ideal case of educational injustice meeting linguistic difference, racism, social marginalization, and poverty. This paper asks whether human-rights or capabilities approaches are best suited to address issues related to the language education of Roma students in Europe. These children are disadvantaged by not growing up with the standard dialect of whatever language is preferred by the mainstream population, and by the low status of the Romani language, and non-standard dialect of the standard language they usually speak. We examine language education for Roma students in Croatia, the Czech Republic, and Bulgaria, describing similarities and differences across contexts. We explain weak and strong version of language rights arguments, and the ways these principles are expressed, and not expressed in education policies. Sen's capabilities approach can be employed to generate contextualized visions of education reform that speak directly to disadvantages suffered by Roma children.
This paper, from the perspective of language learning as a meaning-making process, presents a critical review of the existing research on how pre-use, in-use, and post-use evaluation has investigated the relationship between English language teaching textbooks' content and learners' academic literacy development. The paper shows that previous research on these three types of evaluation examined English language teaching textbooks' effect on English learners' academic literacy development in an unprincipled and macro way. The research gap identified in these previous studies calls for an improved textbook evaluation framework that integrates a principled learning theory while simultaneously emphasizing macro-constructs (e.g., context) and micro-linguistic features needed for academic literacy development. To this end, this paper proposes a framework informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics-related constructs (e.g., genre, register, meta-meanings, and lexico-grammar system) to optimize the evaluation of English language teaching textbook content.
The study of foreign languages is obligatory for all pupils in Slovakia, where the first foreign language is English. Conforming to integration legislation, pupils with special educational needs (SEN) are taught in mainstream classes. Foreign language teachers, however, lack training and where not prepared how to apply teaching methods and techniques for pupils with SEN in the regular language learning class. In the study presented, 187 elementary school teachers filled out questionnaires dealing with integration of pupils with SEN and possible inclusion of learners with disabilities in Slovakia and a group of 56 university FLT students - teachers-to-be. Teachers are not forced and/or encouraged to take part in in-service courses or other education on how to teach these pupils. The pre-service teachers are offered courses on SEN teaching, however, these are not compulsory and mostly general education oriented. The majority of in-service and pre-service teachers felt that pupils with SEN should be taught in regular education class. The article also describes the current situation concerning integration of students with SEN using the official statistical data.
Ctibor Határ, Petra Jedličková and Marianna Müller de Morais
The intergenerational learning within various types of social environment and in relation to different target groups has long covered a wide range of uses. The professional literature mostly describes its benefits for children and young people, however, the intergenerational education also contributes to the development of personality and the saturation of the educational and psycho-social needs of both adults and seniors. The paper represents the authors' output of the VEGA research project No. 1/0176/15 and it is structured into three chapters. In the first chapter, the author deals with the opportunities of the foreign language education for (not only) disabled seniors. The second chapter focuses on the intergenerational programmes that can be used in the language education of (not only) disabled seniors who are clients of social residential facilities. In the third chapter, the author elabor


Graves, Dr. Ira
(Played by W. Morgan Sheppard)
Noted molecular cyberneticist Dr. Ira Graves was considered by some contemporaries in the 24th century to be one of the greatest human minds in the universe.
Early in his career, Graves was a teacher to Dr. Noonien Soong, and thus Graves considered himself to be a "grandfather" to the android Data.
Graves spent the last years of his long life isolated, with only assistant Kareen Briannon, on a planet he called Gravesworld. Just prior to his death in 2365 of Darnay's disease, Graves deposited his intellect into Data's positronic brain and this information was later stored in the Enterprise-D's main computer.
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