text:
const void * memchr ( const void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
void * memchr ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
Locate character in block of memory
Searches within the first num bytes of the block of memory pointed by ptr for the first occurrence of value (interpreted as an unsigned char), and returns a pointer to it.
Both value and each of the bytes checked on the the ptr array are interpreted as unsigned char for the comparison.
- Pointer to the block of memory where the search is performed.
- Value to be located. The value is passed as an int, but the function performs a byte per byte search using the unsigned char conversion of this value.
- Number of bytes to be analyzed.
sizet is an unsigned integral type.
A pointer to the first occurrence of value in the block of memory pointed by ptr.
If the value is not found, the function returns a null pointer.
In C, this function is only declared as:
void * memchr ( const void *, int, size_t );
instead of the two overloaded versions provided in C++.
/* memchr example */
int main ()
char * pch;
char str = "Example string";
pch = (char*) memchr (str, 'p', strlen(str));
printf ("'p' found at position %d.\n", pch-str+1);
printf ("'p' not found.\n");
- Compare two blocks of memory (function
- Locate first occurrence of character in string (function
- Locate last occurrence of character in string (function


text:
A generalized theory of open quantum systems combined with mean-field theory is used to study a superconducting wire in contact with thermal baths at different temperatures. It is shown that, depending on the temperature of the colder bath, the temperature of the hotter bath can greatly exceed the equilibrium critical temperature, and still the wire remains in the superconducting state, meaning that the effective local temperature in the wire is maintained below the critical temperature. The effects of contact areas and disorder are studied. Finally, an experimental setup is suggested to test our predictions.
|Journal||Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics|
|State||Published - 9 Dec 2009|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Osteoporosis in Children and Adults Following Liver Transplantation
Recruitment status was Active, not recruiting
This pilot project aims to 1) estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in adults having undergone liver transplantation in childhood, and 2) identify risk factors for osteoporosis in this group. We aim to study 40 individuals.
|Study Design:||Observational Model: Defined Population
Observational Model: Natural History
Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
|Official Title:||Osteoporosis in Children and Adults Following Liver Transplantation|
Background: Osteoporosis is defined as an absolute decrease in the amount of bone (volume and/or density). Chronic liver disease is associated with osteoporosis in both adults and children. Bone density is also decreased in the months immediately after liver transplantation, but improves to pretransplant values after 1 to 2 years. Immunosuppressive agents, most notably steroids, are a cause of osteoporosis. However, studies on adults have shown that bone densities afer transplantation continue to improve within the normal range for healthy adults. In the case of children, bone accretion is necessary for growth. Chronic liver disease and transplantation in childhood will have an adverse effect on bone metabolism and the outcome in terms of bone density after the growth period cannot be predicted on individuals transplanted as adults or other transplant groups.
|United States, Minnesota|
|University of Minnesota|
|Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the shortest formal statement you can write that is provably equivalent to the Continuum Hypothesis in ZFC?
Please use only variables and the following symbols: $\forall, \exists,\lor,\land,\neg,\to, \in,=$ (parentheses may be added for convenience and do not contribute to the length of the formula). For example, symbols and expressions like $\subset,\emptyset,\{\dots\},\aleph_0,\mathcal{P}(x)$ are not allowed for purposes of this problem. Please give references if equivalence of your statement with $CH$ is not immediately obvious.
share|improve this question
Why does it matter? – François G. Dorais Dec 3 '11 at 7:43
I agree that some motivation for this question would be useful. For example, if you are really asking about defining $\aleph_1$ simply then there are various equivalents of CH that do not need this. – Juris Steprans Dec 3 '11 at 12:35
When asking this question, I hoped that there is a particularly nice and short formulation that can help me to build better intuition about CH. – Vladimir Reshetnikov Dec 3 '11 at 21:04
Vladimir, such a motivation seems misguided; it would be like trying to understand how an algorithm works by looking only at the shortest possible version of it in assembly language. Of course, one wants to think about it instead in terms of higher-level defined concepts, and there is no reason not to do so. I discuss a similar issue in mathoverflow.net/questions/12370/…. – Joel David Hamkins Dec 3 '11 at 23:11
I have to fight with all my might to not post "Your Mom." – Michael Blackmon Dec 10 '11 at 5:22
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I don't know if this is the shortest (number of symbols?) but in
D. Scott, "A Proof of the Independence of the Continuum Hypothesis", THEORY OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS, Volume 1, Number 2. Available at: _URL_
there is (at the bottom of page 1) a concise formulation of CH. The sentence actually uses the symbol $\mathbb{N}$ for the natural numbers, but you can get rid of it of course.
share|improve this answer
Scott's sentence involves quantifiers $\forall X$ and $\forall f$. He explains in the preceding paragraph that $X$ is understood to be a subset of $\mathbb{R}$, and $f$ is understood to be a function $\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$. If these assumptions were made explicit then the sentence would become very much longer. – Neil Strickland Dec 3 '11 at 11:14
Yes sure, you are right. Scott's also goes on in the second page explaining how to use less concepts (subsets of reals can be seen as f:R->{0,1}, etc). But it is true this is not a direct answer to Vladimir's question. – Matteo Mio Dec 3 '11 at 13:10
Neil, please note Dana Scott is a lady :-) – Tomek Kania Dec 4 '11 at 19:39
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Scott – Matteo Mio Dec 4 '11 at 20:41
Since I sometimes read comments but don't bother to follow links (usually for lack of time), I fear Tomek Kania's comment might confuse people despite Matteo Mio's correction. So let me repeat the correction without links: Dana Scott is male. – Andreas Blass Dec 5 '11 at 0:59
Your Answer


Fish are getting sucked into the skimmer
Discussion in 'Water Features' started by jeffslawnservice, Jan 24, 2013.
 1. jeffslawnservice
 jeffslawnservice LawnSite Senior Member
 Posts: 830
 This morning when I went out to look at my pond I noticed two fish in the skimmer is there anyway yo prevent this? The pond is frozen also.
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 2. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Yeah, don't run a skimmer when the pond might be freezing.
 Skimmer float weirs rely on being able to float freely to position themselves correctly. If ice interferes with their motion, you can end up with a waterfall that can trap fish.
 3. jeffslawnservice
 jeffslawnservice LawnSite Senior Member
 Posts: 830
 Not sure if I follow your post, its a skimmer box with a pump in it, should I shut off the pump and install an aerator or since its already frozen is that a no go.
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 4. biodale
 biodale LawnSite Member
 Posts: 177
 If your pond is frozen over the fish will probably die. Then the dead fish will be sucked into the skimmer. Hydrogen disulfide will continue to be produced by decaying matter and will be trapped under the ice. Hydrogen disulfide is toxic in very small concentrations. Normally it will be released into the atmosphere, but it becomes trapped under the ice and lethal concentrations can form.
 Either thaw the ice or cut it out to form breathing holes. Don't pound on the ice. Shock waves can rupture the fish's air bladder, killing the fish. I lost a pond of koi when the electricity went out for 12 hours and ice formed completely over the pond surface.
 5. tadpole
 tadpole LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,216
 I have always had doubts as to the prevalent belief that fish will automatically die in a completely iced over pond. Naturally occurring ponds in the Northern latitudes are prone to completely ice over every winter, yet the fish remain alive. If they didn't, these same ponds would be completely devoid of any fish and we know that is not the case.
 Hydrogen sulphide gas is formed by the action of heterotrophic bacteria which breakdown Hydrogen disulphide (an inorganic oil) under anaerobic conditions. This gas is formed ONLY in when there is a complete lack of Oxygen.
 6. neighborguy
 neighborguy LawnSite Member
 Posts: 186
 The way to prevent fish ending up in the skimmer is to buy smarter fish.
 7. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Several issues raised here. Let's start with the OP's first:
 Sounds like what I expected. Either the skimmer is a box that hangs off the side of the liner, or you have a center skimmer (those are not too common).
 Either "skim" the water by having the water cascade over a floating weir. When the pump is off, this weir should float freely to just above the water's surface. When the pump is turned on, the water level behind the weir drops, which causes the floating weir to drop. Eventually it is just low enough to let a thin ribbon of water flow over, and that generally stops fish from entering. Now if ice gets in there, it can hold the weir down, leaving enough water for a fish to swim though.
 Skimmers should not be run during freezing conditions. Yes, shut that pump.
 Naturally occurring ponds have way less fish per gallon of water. That leaves much more available dissolved oxygen. A frozen over man made backyard pond is like stuffing an elevator full of people, and duct taping every seam shut. Eventually they'll run out of air.
 Yes. But don't put the aerator in the skimmer box.
 If you have a heater, try to melt a small hole over spot at least 2' deep, but not the absolute deepest part of the pond. Then toss in a sinking aerator stone into there.
 The bubbles will usually keep a small area ice free, and even if they don't, so long as you keep bubbling air into the pond, it will find a way back out, and your fish will be fine.
 Since the bubbles stir up the water, I prefer to not actually put my winter bubbler in the deepest part. I prefer to leave the deepest parts more still, as the ground will warm the deepest water a little, when you stir that up, you lose heat out the top.
 Oh, and yes, hydrogen sulfide only forms in anaerobic conditions. This is possible under piles of leaves at the bottom (which is why you do not want to let leaves accumulate, but also why you need to be careful cleaning them out), but not in open water in a pond.
 8. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 LOL. When people ask me why I installed an electric fence around my pond, my answer is always "To keep the fish in, of course."
 9. tadpole
 tadpole LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,216
 This analogy may have some merit if the pond already has a stocking density too high for the pond's capacity. I hear of just as many reports of Koi (and Goldfish) surviving the winter in an iced-over pond as I do of Koi (and Goldfish) mortality in ponds that provided venting in the ice.
 Koi and Goldfish are known to survive in anoxic (low oxygen) conditions for extended periods under otherwise normal conditions. Cold water will retain considerably more Oxygen than warm water and fish metabolism is extremely low at low temps. Koi and Goldfish require very little Oxygen to survive in cold (near freezing) water. Koi because they are a warm water specie and can adapt to low Oxygen levels and Goldfish because they have the ability to store Oxygen in their muscle tissue when necessary. This has been proven in several scientific studies.
 I would need to see more than anecdotal evidence that venting or aeration would be required in an iced over pond with the appropriate fish load.
 10. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Couldn't agree more. In a clean pond with the appropriate fish load, and the appropriate depth to leave sufficient liquid water, a few days (perhaps even weeks) of ice is not a concern.
 But how many ponds do you see people installing with too many fish, in a 2' deep hard plastic box store liner, with 6" of rotting leaves at the bottom?
 Granted, in those situations, surviving through winter is the least of their problems.
 Also, while cold water does retain more oxygen, and the fish's metabolism is extremely slow in the cold, the actual volume of dissolved oxygen is still staggeringly low, and can be used up. With everything just right, sure a week or so iced over shouldn't be a problem. Now if you are in a climate that ices over for months, I'd think about it.
 Last winter on Long Island, ice would have maybe only closed things over for a few days. But in winters past, I've seen ice cover ponds for a month or more. I used to use that heated ring with the dome over it. But I've found that if I put it over a bubbler, I don't even need to plug the heat in to keep a hole in the ice. Do I need to do all this. Perhaps not, but it is cheap insurance.
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text:
In a typical, modern satellite launch, what triggers the cutoff of the orbital insertion stage's rocket engines?
I can think of three basic possibilities:
- Compute how much fuel you need for the trajectory, load exactly that much, and burn all the fuel
- Bring a little extra fuel and cut off the engines at a specific time
- Bring a little extra fuel and cut off the engines when telemetry indicates you're at the desired altitude and speed
The first two seem like they'd be susceptible to small variations in atmospheric conditions, engine performance, and so on.
A historical example: Apollo 13's second stage. The center engine cut off early due to pogo oscillation, when the fuel pressure dropped below a shutdown threshold which was intended to make sure the engine stopped cleanly when the stage started to run out of fuel (which itself implies that option 1 is a little uncertain; not all the fuel is going to get burned).
To compensate, they simply ran the second stage longer. Was that a natural result of consuming all the remaining fuel through four engines instead of 5 (implying option 1), or did they have to explicitly command a later cutoff time (implying option 2), or was the compensation completely automatic (option 3)?
Note that I'm asking about the initial launch and orbital insertion phase, not about fine-tuning the orbit and/or rendezvousing with a target via multiple incremental burns.


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Scotland's Battlefields Inventory completed
20 December 2012
The initial stage and development of Scotland's Inventory of Historic Battlefields has been completed.
A total of 39 sites have now been officially recognised since the Scottish Historic Environment Policy was amended to include battlefields in 2009 to help in their protection and management for the future.
The battlefields added to the Inventory in the most recent batch are: Blar-na-Leine (1544); Dunbar I (1296); Dunkeld (1689); Glen Livet (1594); Inverlochy I (1431); Langside (1568); Loudoun Hill (1307); Roslin (1303); Sauchieburn (1488); Skirmish Hill (1526) and Tippermuir (1644).
Battlefield sites which do not meet the criteria on the basis of current knowledge or which have not yet been considered, could be added in future if new evidence comes to light.
Research was carried out to determine the significance and location of the country's most famous battles and these were considered in three batches over the last three years.
Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs Fiona Hyslop said:
"It is a real achievement that we have managed to research so many of Scotland's most famous battles to the extent that we can provide a level of protection to 39 battlefield sites. This will ensure that their history and significance is considered in any planning application within an Inventory site.
"The interest in protecting battlefield sites from across the country has been immense and continues. The consultation in 2008 generated more responses from the public than any other Historic Scotland policy at that time.
"Introducing this first Inventory of Historic Battlefields acknowledged this high level of public interest and support for giving lasting recognition to places where lives have been lost, even where no other commemoration has existed.
"Our historic battlefields draw tourists from all over the world and also represent a huge educational resource. Through them we can understand the evolution of Scotland and learn about key historical figures and their role in shaping our culture."
Inclusion in the Inventory means that local authorities must take the site's significance into consideration when making planning decisions that might affect the battlefield.
A total of 50 sites have been researched and consulted on for inclusion in the Inventory. Historic Scotland commissioned the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology to carry out the work.
Dr Iain Banks and Dr Tony Pollard at the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology carried out the research and are in contact with some groups who had hoped their local site would be included but could not.
Dr Iain Banks said:
"The Inventory of Scottish Battlefields is the first time that Scotland's iconic battlefields have been given any protection, and it has been a privilege to be involved in the creation of the Inventory. These sites preserve the last traces of historical events that shaped the nation of Scotland through history, and there is no substitute for visiting the battlefields for understanding what happened in each battle.
"The battles of Scottish History have been preserved in legends, poems and songs, and they are a unique resource to get visitors to explore the Scottish landscape.
"What we have found when researching the battlefields is that there is never any difficulty in persuading people of the importance of a particular site; the most difficult job has been explaining why individual battlefields have not made it onto the Inventory. We have been really astonished at the high levels of enthusiasm for the preservation of battlefields at the local level – people are fascinated by them and want to see them preserved."
The Cabinet Secretary added:
"As the Inventory has legal weight the criteria for inclusion are very strict and there are some famous battles could not be included.
"The new research carried out by the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology and Historic Scotland means that there is now a better understanding of all the battles considered, even if they did not ultimately make it into the Inventory."
The Inventory was officially launched at Killiecrankie Battlefield in Perth on July 27th, 2009 following public consultation in 2008.
This identified potential sites for research which were considered in three phases. The first 17 to be put on the Inventory were announced in December 2010 and launched as the Inventory in March 2011; 11 more were added in December 2011 and the final 11 announced today.
For more information about the Battlefields Inventory visit _URL_
or view a full list of battlefields on Inventory
|Alford (1645)||Ancrum Moor (1545)||Auldearn (1645) ||Bannockburn (1314)
|Bothwell Bridge (1679)||Culloden (1746)||Dunbar II (1650)||Dupplin Moor (1332)
|Falkirk II (1746)||Glenshiel (1719)||Harlaw (1411)||Killiecrankie (1689)
|Kilsyth (1645)||Philiphaugh (1645) ||Pinkie (1547)||Prestonpans (1745)
|Sheriffmuir (1715) || || ||
|Barra (1308) ||Carbisdale (1650) ||Cromdale (1690) ||Drumclog (1679)
|Fyvie (1645)||Inverkeithing II (1651)||Inverlochy II (1645)||Linlithgow Bridge (1526)
|Mulroy (1688)||Rullion Green (1666)||Stirling Bridge (1297)||
Notes for editors:
|Blar-na-Leine (1544) ||Dunbar I (1296) ||Dunkeld (1689) ||Glen Livet (1594)
|Inverlochy I (1431)||Langside (1568)||Loudoun Hill (1307)||Roslin (1303)
|Sauchieburn (1488)||Skirmish Hill (1526)||Tippermuir (1644)||
- Research was carried out on 50 sites, 11 of those considered did not make it onto the Inventory because they failed to meet one of more criteria for inclusion. The sites were: Aberdeen II (1644), Athelstaneford (832), Bordie (1038), Carberry Hill (1567), Carrieblair (date unknown), Dun Nechtain (685), Glen Trool (1307), Largs (1263), Methven (1306), Mons Graupius (83) and Solway Moss (1542).
- Each inventory report describes the battlefield and the reasons for its inclusion. These include a summary of the battle and its historical context, and a brief indication of its importance in relation to historical association, physical remains, and archaeological potential. The inventory map indicates the extent of the battlefield, defining the overall area of interest. It includes the area where the main elements of the battle are believed to have taken place, where associated physical remains and archaeological evidence occur or may be expected, and where additional landscape components such as strategic viewpoints may lie.
- Historic Scotland is an executive agency of the Scottish Government charged with safeguarding the nation's historic environment. The agency is fully accountable to Scottish Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament. Follow us on Twitter _USER_ and Facebook _URL_
- The Year of Creative Scotland began on January 1, 2012 and will spotlight and celebrate Scotland's cultural and creative strengths on a world stage. Through a dynamic and exciting year-long programme of activity celebrating our world-class events, festivals, culture and heritage, the year puts Scotland's culture and creativity in the international spotlight with a focus on cultural tourism and developing the events industry and creative sector in Scotland. More information about the programme can be found at: _URL_
- The Year of Creative Scotland is a Scottish Government initiative led in partnership by EventScotland, VisitScotland, Creative Scotland and VOCAL. More information and resources to help businesses engage with Year of Creative Scotland are available at _URL_


text:
Refer to the following information when configuring profiles.
- Number: The ID number automatically assigned to the profile. Leave this number as assigned unless you plan on using custom profile number configurations. Manually changing this number can cause conflicts when managing multiple systems in Admin. Range is 1 – 99.
- Rearm Delay: When the user disarms an area outside of a schedule, delay automatic rearming by the number of minutes entered. To disable this feature, enter 0. Range is 0 – 720 minutes.
- Output Group: Assign outputs groups to a profile, allowing an entire group of outputs to turn on or off as required like when door access is granted. Enter the number of the output group that you want to assign to the profile. To disable this feature, enter 0. Range is 0 – 10.
The Arm/Disarm setting supersedes Arm and Disarm in Profile Options.
The Access setting supersedes Door Access in Profile Options.
- Arm/Disarm: Allow users with this profile to arm and disarm an area.
- Access: Allow users with this profile to access an area.
This setting supersedes Schedules in Profile Options.
- On: Allow profile members to access and edit a schedule.
- Off: Do not allow profile members to access and edit a schedule.
When enabled, these permissions allow profile members to access up to 4 private doors. Only doors that have been configured as private doors by your security provider are displayed in Profiles.
- On: Allow profile members to access selected private doors.
- Off: Do not allow profile members to access private doors.
When enabled in a profile, these permissions allow profile members to perform the following actions:
- Arm: Arm the system according to the options configured in Areas.
- Disarm: Disarm the system according to the options configured in Areas.
- Alarm Silence: Silence a system alarm.
- Sensor Reset: Reset all system sensors. A sensor reset is required for all smoke detectors, flood sensors, and temperature sensors that have triggered an alarm, as well as system restoral after a lockdown is ended. A sensor reset is also required to clear a low battery (LOBAT) message after changing a wireless device's batteries.
- Lockdown: Initiate a lockdown.
- Lockdown Override: End a lockdown and restore the system.
- Door Lock/Unlock: Lock and unlock doors.
- Door Access: Grant temporary door access.
- Armed Areas: View armed areas at a keypad.
- Outputs On/Off: Turn outputs on or off from a keypad's User Menu.
- Zone Status: View the status of zones.
- Bypass Zones: Bypass zones when arming the system.
- Zone Monitor: Enable the chime function.
- System Status: View the system's status.
- System Test: Initiate a system test from a keypad's User Menu.
- Profiles: Add, change, or delete profiles.
- User Codes: Add, change, or delete user codes.
- Extend: Extend a schedule for 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours.
- Schedules: Add, edit, or delete schedules.
- Set Time: Change the system date and time from a keypad's User Menu.
- Display Events: View system events.
- Service Request: Request a service call from your alarm provider.
- Fire Drill: Initiate a fire drill.
- Anti-Passback: Use anti-passback. Profile members are required to properly exit (egress) an area that they previously accessed. They cannot access the first area again until they properly exit through the second area.
- Easy Arm/Disarm: Arm or disarm all areas that are assigned to a code automatically.
- Use Secondary Language: Display a secondary language.
- Card Plus Pin: Use two access methods to operate the system from a keypad. The first method must be a credential such as a proximity patch, card, or key fob. The second method must be a PIN number entered at the keypad. Both the credential and PIN are configured in Users.
- Wi-Fi Setup: View the system's Wi-Fi settings, connect to available Wi-Fi networks, and use WPS association.


In Turkey, found an ancient drill that is 7500 years old
Turkish archaeologists at the excavations on the Aktopraklik barrow in the north-western province of Bursa in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic era found a drill that is at least 7,500 years old.
The design of this ancient drill is a wooden stick, at the end of which a silicon stone is fixed by a rope. As you know, flint is the hardest of natural stones.
"Such flint stones, in their functionality, are comparable to bits that are inserted into modern drills and screwdrivers," said Professor Nedjmi Karul from the University of Istanbul.
Scientists conducted practical tests of an ancient drill and came to the conclusion that it was used to create various ornaments. In ancient times, this drill with a silicon tip, allowed to drill a tree and even stones. With her help, made beads, which were discovered during the excavation of the mound Aktopraklik, say archaeologists.
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Bonnie Parker
The ancient Greeks sure were advanced beyond their time
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x


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Ivan Finlay Leadership Award
The Ivan Finlay Leadership Award recognizes Alberta university engineering and geoscience students who demonstrate exceptional leadership qualities.
There are up to 10 awards available, each with a prize of $1,000.
To be eligible, a student must be enrolled in an engineering, geology, or geophysics undergraduate or graduate degree program in Alberta. Graduate students must also be either a member-in-training or applicant with APEGA.
Award recipients will be students who can demonstrate that they have achieved the following criteria within the last two years:
- Participated in planning career or personal development activities for university students, relevant to engineering or geoscience
- Volunteered at student events
- Provided impact/value by improving the reputation of the engineering or geoscience profession beyond the faculties (e.g., university-wide or community-wide)
- Demonstrated leadership skills by motivating and inspiring the people around them to accomplish more than they would have normally
- Actively shared responsibility, authority, information, and credit when working towards the achievement of a goal
- Taken prompt decisive action to resolve issues quickly and effectively
- Set a high standard of integrity by leading through example and maintaining high personal standards
- Effected positive change while in a leadership role.
Submissions must include:
- Completed nomination package
- Supporting documentation that describes the nominee and their achievements
- Any other supporting evidence that the Selection Committee should consider
- At least 2 professional letters of recommendation
- Proof of enrolment at a post-secondary institution
Detailed selection criteria are outlined in the nomination package.


Advanced Financial Risk Tolerance Assessment
Unlike traditional risk tolerance assessment tools which focus primarily on the client's willingness to accept risk, Tolerisk® measures the client's willingness and their ability to take investment risk, by incorporating their cash-flows. All factors are combined into a simple, measurable, and actionable risk directive.
Welcome to Tolerisk
The leading Investment Risk Tolerance Assessment tool for Advisors to better serve their clients.
Problems with Typical Risk Tolerance Exercises
Willingness vs. Ability to Take Risk
PROBLEM Traditional risk tolerance assessments are based primarily on personality, only evaluating the investor's willingness to accept risk.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk allows you to measure a client's actual ability to take risk separately from their willingness to take risk and combines them scientifically to create an actionable investment risk directive recommendation.
Validating Assumptions
PROBLEM Typical risk tolerance assessment tools don't validate the reasonableness of the client's assumptions. This can lead financial advisors to provide risk directive advice that isn't based on realistic assumptions.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk incorporates mortality probabilities, cash-flows, and personality, evaluated across more than a thousand historical paths for equities, fixed income, and inflation. Based on this robust analysis, the probability of running out of money is scientifically calculated. When your clients are a married couple, Tolerisk even incorporates second to die probabilities, providing your clients with the most useful results.
Key Drivers & Evolution
PROBLEM Clients don't gain an appreciation of what factors drove the risk tolerance assessment and how it will evolve as their life changes.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk stress tests every input and assumption, highlighting the big drivers of risk tolerance for your specific client and illustrating how their investment risk tolerance will change through time and evolution.
Lacking Granularity
PROBLEM Shifting between big risk buckets can mean a large sudden change in market exposure, which places great onus on the date the shift occurs. A gradual and quantifiable approach is generally more beneficial.
TOLERISK SOLUTION The measurable and quantifiable nature of Tolerlsk Risk Assessment Software facilitates gradual and intentional changes to your client's investment risk level, which is customized to their specific circumstances.
Start Your 10-Day Risk-Free Trial of Tolerisk® Today! Start Now
5 Common Failures of Investor Risk Tolerance Assessments and How to Avoid Them
Every financial advisor has some type of Risk Tolerance Assessment process. The vast majority are too rudimentary, and merely designed to satisfy the most basic level of compliance.
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Archive for the 'Biobank' Category
Biobank functions similarly to what banks do, but they don't keep money. They collect and store biological material from human beings. You can also find a biobank which keeps animal and plant materials as well. Human being substances such as DNAs, blood, cell samples and tissues are gathered to be used as samples.
The samples are utilized to obtain genetic information that can benefit the medical field. The people's life history is also included so that it can be used as medical references in the future. The origin of a disease can also be detected by analyzing the lifestyle of an individual.
There are many kinds of samples being available in a biobank. Cancer cells, tumour tissues, cord blood and stem cells are some of the material collected in the bank. Body fluids are also kept in the bank and these include urine and sperm.
A biobank collect the samples due to various purposes. Some of the samples are used to find ways on how to cure different kinds of diseases and infections. The samples are gathered either through public volunteering or getting permission from the donor.
In a biobank, specimens can be used to see how diseases can spread in the body. Then, a specific drug is created. The specimen will then be used again to measure the effectiveness of the drug.


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According to traditional Lao animist beliefs, the souls of a human being or animal normally occupy and vitalise specific areas of the body, but sometimes leave in times of strong emotion if tempted away by another being or an attractive place, or if captured by a malevolent spirit.
Their absence is likely to cause danger, disease, or even death. To avoid such disaster, the souk khouan ritual ('calling back the souls') is organised and family, friends and neighbours invited. A celebrant appeals across various different worlds, calling for the absent souls to return without delay. To attract them, delicacies are placed on a round plate below a pyramid of flowers: eggs, chicken, rice, cakes and so on.
After repeated calls, the souls are presumed to have returned to their host body and the celebrant ties white cotton threads to the patient's wrists (or ears or legs in the case of elephants and buffalo, the only animals that this ritual is held for).
The souk khouan rite is practised at times of disease, before departures, on arrivals, at marriages or professional promotions - in short, on any occasion likely to cause the souls to leave, and such events are numerous in Laos.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To put off; postpone.
- v. To postpone the induction of (one eligible for the military draft).
- v. To procrastinate.
- v. To submit to the opinion, wishes, or decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment. See Synonyms at yield.
- v. To commit or entrust to another.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To offer; render; assign: as, to defer the command of an army.
- To refer; leave to another's judgment and determination
- To yield to another's opinion; submit in opinion: with to.
- To delay; put off; postpone to a future time: as, to defer the execution of a design.
- To cause to wait; remand; put off: applied to persons.
- To wait; delay; procrastinate.
- v. To delay, or postpone, especially to postpone induction into military service.
- v. law To submit to the opinion or desire of another in respect to their judgment or authority.
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. To put off; to postpone to a future time; to delay the execution of; to delay; to withhold.
- v. To put off; to delay to act; to wait.
- v. obsolete To render or offer.
- v. To lay before; to submit in a respectful manner; to refer; -- with
- v. To yield deference to the wishes of another; to submit to the opinion of another, or to authority; -- with
- v. yield to another's wish or opinion
- v. hold back to a later time
- Middle English differren, to postpone, differ; see differ.Middle English deferen, from Old French deferer, from Latin dēferre, to carry away, refer to : dē-, de- + ferre, to carry; see bher-1 in Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"To defer from the steven King inflection it should be referenced as a Viral of vampires."
"Captain Sears did defer, that is he seldom opposed."
"Now you may wonder why it's called defer and lazyload and I talked about not loading at all."
"One alternative: defer social security -- it also increases 8% for every year you defer, which is higher than most investments pay."
"Although he said he wanted to come back for a final year in 2010, Bowden chose to call it a career after reviewing the parameters the school sought to have him work within next year -- namely defer much of his responsibility to coach-in-waiting Jimbo Fisher."
"Although he said he wanted to come back for a final year in 2010, Bowden chose to call it a career after reviewing the parameters the school sought to have him work within next year - namely defer much of his responsibility to coach-in-waiting Jimbo Fisher."
"At this week's Homeland Security hearing, when FBI Director Mueller was questioned about it by Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich), Mueller said he would "defer" to the Justice Department on the issue."
"It's not just the fact that Cheney never served in the military; it's that all the archtects of the Iraq War – Bush, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Cheney, Rove, and many of their most vocal supporters like Limbaugh – all found ways to "defer" from serving."
"April 30th is effectively the end for Shuttle and just this week, CxP began looking at plans to mostly "defer" the Lunar capabilities on Orion, effectively killing the original purpose of the program."
"Recognizing that the U.S. has one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world, the government should not eliminate the current provision that allows companies to "defer" paying a U.S. tax on foreign income until it is brought back into this country."
These user-created lists contain the word 'defer'.
Budgetese - not a sexy topic but a very comprehensive list of words and collocations used in EU circles. Budgeting experts please comment and expand.
heading, across-the-board..., emergency reserve, frontload, mopping-up, performance reserve, positive margin, negative margin, public finances, structural operat..., administrative ex..., management of EU... and 657 more...
A complete Barron's Wordlist for GRE preparation. Your online flashcard replacement.
additionality, audit trail, accounting standards, auditing standards, general audit obj..., a posteriori audit, a priori audit, above board, acceptable error..., access rights, accountability, accountable entities and 1283 more...
Protagonists and relevant words in the Book of Creation (Source: King James Bible)
List of most of the words I've learned
Words That Make Sense in Reverse Too! Bad news for a dyslexic, 'cause s/he's got no clue if s/he read the word correctly or not, as opposed to a palindrome (i.e., no mistake possible, cf. "Dyslexic...
Another kind of bear list: words bearing the -fer suffix ("that which carries"), the -ferous suffix ("bearing," "producing," or "yielding").
Also see (if you like) Carry Me Home Again.
favorite words. some are made up injokes between me and my husband or family.
Looking for tweets for defer.


Teacher Joe's
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If you want to learn English well, you have to practice speaking English! Use these sentences to help you start interesting conversations in English.
- Samuel Butler
This is one of the most famous sayings about love. Even if we feel pain when we lose our love, it is a good thing for us. I am not sure I agree with this! How about you?
- Franklin P. Jones
"Love makes the world go round" is a common saying. It means that everything, even the whole world, depends on love. This man disagrees. Maybe love is not so important. Still, without love, the "ride" in the "car of life", or the "train of life", has no meaning. Just how important is love, in your opinion?
- Kahlil Kibran
This is very poetic. In a conversation, you might say the first half only, and ask your friends if they agree. I wonder if this kind of love is really possible. We often say "This is MY girlfriend" or "This is MY wife". Is love enough by itself, or do we need to possess our love?
- Martin Luther King Jr.
Do you think it's truly possible to follow in Dr. King's footsteps? What can ordinary people do to "drive out hate"? Does it matter how we live our daily lives or should we wait until we're important people in society?
- Maxime de la Rochefoucauld
Do you think you have ever been TRULY in love? Why do people "fall in love"? Why do some people "fall out" of love? Are there different kinds of love? How can we find "true" love?
- Amelia E. Barr
Have you ever loved somebody who didn't love you in return? If so, what was it like? Have you ever been loved by somebody that you didn't love? If so, how did that feel to you?
"Love is a temporary insanity curable by marriage."
- Ambrose Bierce
What a shocking thing to say! Why do you think he said it? How is love "cured" by marriage? And if love is a disease, do we really want to be cured? How can we keep love alive even after marriage?
Back to Teacher Joe's Words of Wisdom
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Sense motion by using doppler effect
Daniel Rapp has written a blog post about using the doppler effect to sense motion. In his experiments he's used hand gestures in free space to generate the scroll, tap, and double-tap gestures on his laptop. He's produced a library which allows a computer to transmit a tone from its speaker while at the same time receiving through its microphone. As the hand moves in specific directions near the microphone it creates subtle nuances in the sound being received. These nuances are then translated into specific commands.
If your computer were to produce a tone that's audible, you'd end up with a musical instrument called the Theremin. If your computer were to produce an inaudible tone you might feel like you're in the movie Minority Report.
I'm currently experimenting with something somewhat similar to this. It's called passive radar. I live in an area with a lot of electromagnetic interference — often called noise. If I set my radio receiver's sensitivity to high I hear a lot of noise. I can actually print this noise onto a jpeg image. If I print an image as large objects move through free space and interrupt the ambient noise, I can see them. It's called passive radar because I didn't need to generate sound to see this. Instead, already present ambient noise was the baseline. Active radar generates sound first, then listens. Doppler (above) is active radar.
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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental practice
 1. Lookup NU author(s)
 2. Dr Iain Macleod
 3. Neil Heath
Author(s)Macleod I, Heath N
Publication type Article
JournalDental Update
ISSN (print)0305-5000
Cone-beam CT is an exciting development in dental and maxillofacial imaging. This article gives an overview of the subject and discusses some of the implications for dental practitioners. Clinical Relevance: Dentists should be aware of technological advances that potentially are going to have major implications on their practice. They should have knowledge of the indications, limitations and implications before considering using such equipment.
PublisherGeorge Warman Publications Ltd.
Actions Link to this publication


text:
A post-friction stir welding heat treatment procedure was developed that reduces abnormal grain growth and restores optimum material properties in heat-treatable aluminum alloys. The innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid-state welding and subsequent forming processes.
Heat treatment of the deformed welds is desirable in order to restore the properties of the alloy negatively affected in the weld region. In these alloys, abnormal grain growth frequently occurs in friction stir welds during solution heat treatment and is known to degrade key materials properties such as strength, ductility, and toughness.
The innovation of inserting an intermediate annealing step reduces abnormal grain growth during post-welding heat treatment, thereby allowing optimum mechanical properties. This is important where Al-Li alloys (and other heat-treatable alloys) are friction stir welded followed by deformation processing. It is especially applicable for high-performance, high-reliability structural components required for aerospace vehicles.


text:
What does TIG mean in London Stock Exchange?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand TIG in the Business field in general and in the London Stock Exchange terminology in particular.
Find a translation for TIG in other languages:
Select another language:
What does TIG mean?
- tag, the children's game.
Discuss this TIG abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
TIG also stands for:
- Technology Initiative Grants
- Technology Integration Group
- Teenagers Into God
- Term Information Group
- Tetanus Immune Globulin
... and 20 more »


text: NERC Standards CIP-002 through CIP-009 provide a cyber security framework for the identification and protection of Critical Cyber Assets to support reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. These standards recognize the differing roles of each entity in the operation of the Bulk Electric System, the criticality and vulnerability of the assets needed to manage Bulk Electric System reliability, and the risks to which they are exposed. Responsible Entities should interpret and apply Standards CIP-002 through CIP-009 using reasonable business judgment. Business and operational demands for managing and maintaining a reliable Bulk Electric System increasingly rely on Cyber Assets supporting critical reliability functions and processes to communicate with each other, across functions and organizations, for services and data. This results in increased risks to these Cyber Assets. Standard CIP-002 requires the identification and documentation of the Critical Cyber Assets associated with the Critical Assets that support the reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. These Critical Assets are to be identified through the application of a risk-based assessment.


text:
The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa, operated by the University of Memphis, is on the grounds of a Mississippian Culture Mound Complex. Exhibits cover Native Americans from prehistory to the present, a hands-on archaeology lab, nature trail and more.
The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa is a prehistoric American Indian archaeological site dating back to the 15th century. The site was occupied, abandoned and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 to 1550 A.D. The museum, named after its founding director, curates an extensive collection of artifacts recovered during a 40-year period of systematic excavations. The site features a Mississippian mound complex, nature trail and arboretum, hands-on archaeology lab, and exhibits that explore the history and life-ways of Native Americans of the historic and prehistoric southeastern United States.


FROM THE EDITOR: Social media and mental health
To the readers of The Lowell,
Here at Lowell, it is widely believed that almost everyone is stressed, and if you're not, a common sentiment is that you must be doing something wrong. On social media pages like Lowell Confessions or students' private "finstas," you will find a plethora of complaints about mental health— students speaking frequently about their stress, depression and anxiety. But is scrolling or venting on social media a healthy coping mechanism for the academic stress facing Lowellites? In this issue's cover story, we untangle the complexities of social media's impact on mental health.
Many staff members contributed to this cover story. The survey required a lot of effort, as it was conducted on paper in 12 different registries. Then came the hours of manually inputting the results. Due to the tight deadline, author Kate Green needed help transcribing her numerous interviews. From new reporters to veteran editors, the staff came to Green's assistance. Pardon the cliche, but it truly was a team effort.
Finally, we extend our thanks to all the interview subjects for their time and honesty, including those that did not end up being featured in the story.
Editors in Chief,
Olivia Sohn and Susan Wong


Hard Wood Canoe Paddle
Introduction: Hard Wood Canoe Paddle
Create a great looking wooden canoe paddle
Step 1: Select Your Wood
choose different types of wood that will create contrast in your finished piece.
Step 2: Joint the Wood Together in Your Desierd Pattern
There are three different ways to joint the wood together. First way is just a glue joint, rub wood glue in to the sides that need to be jointed and clap them all together, give 24 hours to dry. Second is combination of the glue joint and a biscuit joint this is slightly more complex but it will give you a stronger hold. Third is a dowel and glue joint this is the strongest way but it takes much more time and work. I would suggest using the the plain glue joint if you are not planning on using it every day. your total length should be around 50-60 inches, the paddle width depended on the shape that you choose to create I recommend doing some research to find your desired shape of paddle.
Step 3: Begin to Shape Your Paddle
Start by getting a 2d pattern and laying it upon your paddle, Use the band saw to shape it to your pattern. Once it is shaped to the desired 2d shape you need to start thinning it out with a hand plane. Make sure that is is thicker in the middle and slowly tapers down to the thinner edges. Now round out the shaft of the paddle do this with a hand plane and heavy grit sand paper. Repeat this same processes with the knock (the handle). Once it is shaped start to sand it with a fine grit sand paper to get it completely smooth and read to apply finish.
Step 4: Apply the Finish
Place the paddle on a couple pins or nails sticking upward when applying the finish. Do once side and then flip ad do the other before it dries. Then let sit for 24 hours repeat this processes about 5 times with any water proof oil based finishing product
Step 5: Use It!!!!
Go outside on your favorite lake are river and go for a paddle
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text: A rare and little-studied species, much of the blue shiner's biology is, as yet, undescribed. However, like many other related species, the blue shiner is believed to feed on a variety of terrestrial insects floating on the water surface, often foraging around river margins with overhanging vegetation. This species has a relatively prolonged breeding period, from early May through late August, suggesting females produce multiple clutches each season (5). In common with other shiners, males probably attract mates by defending territories and using courtship displays, with spawning taking place in a cavity in submerged wood (4) (5). The juvenile fish grow to reach maturity at around two years of age, and have a lifespan of three years (2) (4).


text:
This paper studies whether the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy offers new perspectives for those who, in economic terms, were relatively deprived under the old regime. Previous empirical research on this question has been limited by the availability of representative longitudinal micro-data that track individuals' labour market careers across different political regimes. Our study seeks to fill this research gap by looking at the transition of Eastern Germany following German Unification. Using a unique large-scale German administrative data set, we measure individuals' relative economic position by exploiting information on whether individuals were in the bottom of the pre-unification wage distribution. We then address the question of how workers' low or high-wage status determines their wage and labour market status within and across different regimes. We document strong evidence of a dynamic selection process into low-wage employment after Unification. Furthermore, consistent with a weak connection between individuals' true productivity and their pre-unification low-wage status, the extent of across regime state dependence is found to be small in magnitude and appears to vanish over time. For males, the small extent of across regime dependence is found to be most pronounced among the medium and high-skilled, suggesting the depreciation of general human capital as a potential explanation.
Low Pay Dynamics Economic Transition State Dependence


text:
locations has become available.
In video remote interpreting VRI, the two clients a sign language user and a hearing person who wish to communicate with each other are in one location, and the interpreter is in another. The interpreter communicates with the sign language user via a video telecommunications link, and with the hearing person by an audio link.
- The Political Economy of Sustainable Energy (Energy, Climate and the Environment);
- A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew.
- Intelligent Integrated Media Communication Techniques;
- Home : Oxford English Dictionary!
- A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew.
- Energy and Equity!
VRI can be used for situations in which no on-site interpreters are available. However, VRI cannot be used for situations in which all parties are speaking via telephone alone.
With video relay service VRS, the sign language user, the interpreter, and the hearing person are in three separate locations, thus allowing the two clients to talk to each other on the phone through the interpreter. Sign language is sometimes provided for television programmes. The signer usually appears in the bottom corner of the screen, with the programme being broadcast full size or slightly shrunk away from that corner.
Typically for press conferences such as those given by the Mayor of New York City, the signer appears to stage left or right of the public official to allow both the speaker and signer to be in frame at the same time. Paddy Ladd initiated deaf programming on British television in the s and is credited with getting sign language on television and enabling deaf children to be educated in sign.
In traditional analogue broadcasting, many programmes are repeated, often in the early hours of the morning, with the signer present rather than have them appear at the main broadcast time.
Some emerging television technologies allow the viewer to turn the signer on and off in a similar manner to subtitles and closed captioning. Legal requirements covering sign language on television vary from country to country.
Concise Lexicon for Sign Linguistics : Jan Nijen Twilhaar :
In the United Kingdom, the Broadcasting Act addressed the requirements for blind and deaf viewers, but has since been replaced by the Communications Act As with any spoken language, sign languages are also vulnerable to becoming endangered. For example, a sign language used by a small community may be endangered and even abandoned as users shift to a sign language used by a larger community, as has happened with Hawai'i Sign Language, which is almost extinct except for a few elderly signers.
There are a number of communication systems that are similar in some respects to sign languages, while not having all the characteristics of a full sign language, particularly its grammatical structure. Many of these are either precursors to natural sign languages or are derived from them. When Deaf and Hearing people interact, signing systems may be developed that use signs drawn from a natural sign language but used according to the grammar of the spoken language.
In particular, when people devise one-for-one sign-for-word correspondences between spoken words or even morphemes and signs that represent them, the system that results is a manual code for a spoken language, rather than a natural sign language. Such systems may be invented in an attempt to help teach Deaf children the spoken language, and generally are not used outside an educational context.
It has become popular for hearing parents to teach signs from ASL or some other sign language to young hearing children. Since the muscles in babies' hands grow and develop quicker than their mouths, signs can be a beneficial option for better communication. This reduces the confusion between parents when trying to figure out what their child wants. When the child begins to speak, signing is usually abandoned, so the child does not progress to acquiring the grammar of the sign language.
This is in contrast to hearing children who grow up with Deaf parents, who generally acquire the full sign language natively, the same as Deaf children of Deaf parents. Informal, rudimentary sign systems are sometimes developed within a single family. For instance, when hearing parents with no sign language skills have a deaf child, the child may develop a system of signs naturally, unless repressed by the parents. The term for these mini-languages is home sign sometimes "kitchen sign". Home sign arises due to the absence of any other way to communicate.


Provided by: libsvga1-dev_1.4.3-27ubuntu1_i386 bug
 vga_flip - toggle between text and graphics mode
 _TAG_
 int vga_flip(void);
 switches between graphics and text mode without destroying the screen
 contents. This makes it possible for your application to use both text
 and graphics output.
 However, This is an old vgalib function. You should really only use it
 for debugging as it runs extremely unstable because svgalib now does
 its own virtual console management. If you want to perform a similar
 action, save the current screen contents with ordinary memory copy
 operation to the frame buffer or gl_getbox(3), set vga_setmode(TEXT),
 then call vga_setmode(3) to return to graphics operation and restore
 the screen contents with memory or gl_putbox(3).
 One could also use vga_drawscansegment(3) and vga_getscansegment(3)
 However, avoid any calls to vga_flip() in your applications.
 The function always returns 0, a fact on which you shouldn't rely.
 It might be useful if you are debugging one of your svgalib
 applications though. If your program reaches a breakpoint while in
 graphics mode, you can switch to text mode with the gdb command
 print vga_flip()
 and later restore the graphics screen contents with the same command.
 It is useful to define the following alias in gdb:
 define flip print vga_flip() end
 svgalib(7), vgagl(7), libvga.config(5), vga_init(3),
 vga_setflipchar(3), vga_drawscanline(3), vga_drawscansegment(3),
 vga_getscansegment(3), gl_getbox(3), gl_putbox(3)
 the original documentation is unknown.
 Hanemaayer <>.
 original author and will happily accept any additions or corrections to
 this first version of the svgalib manual.


Régie des rentes du Québec
Administering a defined contribution plan
A defined contribution plan is generally administered by a pension committee, which is the first responder for the plan and must ensure that the plan is in conformity with the relevant laws.
The pension committee is responsible for the administration of the plan and the management of the pension fund. Furthermore, it has an important role to plan in providing information to plan members. It must act with prudence, diligence and competence, like any reasonable person.
Sometimes the administrator is not a pension committee
A plan with less than 26 members and beneficiaries can be administered by the employer. In that case, the employer has the same obligations and responsibilities as a pension committee.
Who can provide information about a plan?
Generally, the documentation given to plan members indicates the name and contact details of a contact person. Those details can also be obtained from the employer our by using the Régie's online consultation service for supervised pension plans.
How can someone become a pension committee member?
Any person who wants to be a committee member, whether or not he or she is a plan member, can express an interest in becoming a member to the persons who have the power to designate committee members (for example, the employer or the union). An interested person can also run as a candidate for election by the plan members and beneficiaries at the plan's annual meeting.
To find out more...
See the Régie's section for plan administrators.
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text:
OnionSIP: Preserving Privacy in SIP with Onion Routing
Alexandros Fakis (University of the Aegean, Greece)
Georgios Karopoulos (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece)
Georgios Kambourakis (Engineering, University of the Aegean, Greece)
Abstract: While more and more users turn to IP-based communication technologies, privacy and anonymity remain largely open issues. One of the most prominent VoIP protocols for multimedia session management is SIP which, despite its popularity, suffers from security and privacy aws. As SIP messages are sent in plain text, user data are exposed to intermediate proxies and eavesdroppers. As a result, information about users participating in a call can leak from header data, which cannot be omitted since they are needed for the correct routing of SIP messages to their final destination. Even more, traffic analysis attacks can be mounted with data stemming from lower layers. To redress this kind of problems, privacy can be achieved either by the construction of a lower level tunnel (via the use of SSL or IPsec protocols) or by employing a customtailored solution. However, SSL and IPsec are known for leading to undesirable, non affordable delays, and thus the need for a SIP-oriented solution is preferable. In the context of this article, we evaluate three alternative solutions to encounter the above issues. More specifically, we use two well-known anonymity networks, Tor and I2P, for secluding both caller's and callee's actions by securing SIP messages content. As a third solution, we present our proposal for preserving privacy in SIP signaling, by using an onion-routing approach, where selected sensitive fields of SIP messages are encrypted using either asymmetric or symmetric encryption. We compare these three alternatives in terms of performance, mentioning the pros and cons that come up with each proposal. Our work also presents the reasons why other existing anonymity networks fail to be considered as appropriate for preserving anonymity in SIP.
Keywords: I2P, Tor, anonymity, privacy, session initiation protocol
Categories: H.4.3, H.5.1


text:
Mystery Solved: Why Do NASA Space Shuttles Look So Dirty?
At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, shuttle Discovery pauses for photos during its move called "rollover" from Orbiter Processing Facility-3 to the nearby Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) on Sept. 9, 2010.
CREDIT: NASA/Ben Cooper [Full Story]
This story was updated on Wednesday, Feb. 23.
They're big and fast and fly in space, but NASA's space shuttles are far from being shiny white spaceships straight off the factory floor. Case in point: Space shuttle Discovery, which wears its age with pride as it nears retirement.
Discovery is NASA's oldest flying space shuttleand the most-flown of the agency's three-orbiter fleet. It is poised to blast off from Florida on Feb. 24 to make one last delivery to the International Space Station before being retired this year along with the rest of NASA's shuttle program.
But after nearly 27 years of spaceflight (Discovery first launched in August 1984), the shuttle shows its age. Its white and black exterior is marred with black streaks, and some SPACE.com readers have wondered why NASA's shuttles - a longtime symbol of American spaceflight – look old and busted.
It turns out, there's a reason.
"She does look worn, and she is," explained Stephanie Stilson, who oversees work on Discovery for each flight. "She's had a very long history."
Discovery and other shuttles earn their weathering mainly from the searing heat of re-entry through Earth's atmosphere, when they are subjected to scorching hot temperatures of up to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,650 degrees Celsius).
This upcoming trip to the space station will be Discovery's 39th spaceflight. It's NASA's 133rd shuttle mission. NASA's first two shuttles, Columbia and Challenger, were older than Discovery, but both were lost in spaceflight tragedies.
Not everything is replaced
While NASA engineers routinely inspect each shuttle for dings and damage after each flight, they only replace equipment that really needs it. That means insulation blankets, tiles and other gear – even if they look dirty or worn – stays on the ship if they can still do their job, Stilson told SPACE.com.
"So if the blankets, the white part that you see, look dirty, they've been to space and back for goodness sake," Stilson said. "So they are dirty, but they're still in good shape and in good condition and we're not going to change anything out unless they need to be."
The heat-resistant carbon composite panels along Discovery's wings and the black ceramic tiles on its underbelly are also subject to age.
Older tiles on Discovery look streaked from the plasma environment of re-entry. They stand out in photos because new tiles still appear a pristine dark black.
"So you can definitely tell that she's worked hard over the years, but that's just the nature of the business and what she's been through," Stilson said of Discovery.
NASA has two final shuttle missions scheduled and is hoping for final funding approval from Congress for one extra flight, before retiring its three orbiters this year. The shuttles (Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour) are being retired to make way for a new space plan aimed at sending astronauts to asteroid by 2025 and ultimately onto Mars.
Public's up-close look
Discovery's final mission is called STS-133. It will deliver a storage room and the humanoid robot helper Robonaut 2 to the International Space Station during its 11-day spaceflight.
Endeavour is launch on its final flight on April 19, with the potential extra shuttle flight slated for no earlier than June 28.
Stilson said she was impressed that SPACE.com readers commented on Discovery's worn appearance because it is not something that will be overlooked when the shuttle is ultimately displayed in a museum.
"I'm glad they noticed that because when they see Discovery at the display site, they'll see that as well," she said.
NASA ultimate plans to send its space shuttles to museums for exhibit across the country. The final destinations for the entire shuttle fleet have not yet been decided, NASA officials have said.
SPACE.com is providing complete coverage of the last voyage of space shuttle Discovery. You can follow SPACE.com staff writer Denise Chow on Twitter _USER_ as she covers Discovery's final space voyage from Cape Canaveral, Fla.
MORE FROM SPACE.com


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Where I am trying to collectively refer to server logs, should I say...
Server log shows normal activities
Server logs show normal activities
share|improve this question
Are you referring to multiple logs, or just one log? – NickC Aug 31 '11 at 4:28
1 Answer 1
If you're referring to multiple logs showing the same normal activities, you should say:
The server logs show normal activity
The server logs show the same normal activity
Note that in computing terms, normal activity can be application (and therefore log) specific. The second example shows that several logs show the same result. Whereas the first example shows that several logs might show the same result, but they are all normal.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Definition of Lazulis
1. lazuli [n] - See also: lazuli
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Lazulis Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Lazulis
Literary usage of Lazulis
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Birds of the Rockies by Leander Sylvester Keyser (1902)
"My saunterings among the mountains took me into the haunts of the lazulis, but I regret to have to confess that all my alertness was of so little avail..."
2. A History of French Painting from Its Earliest to Its Latest Practice by Clara Cornelia Harrison Stranahan (1888)
"... the gold of the yellows, the lazulis of the intense blues, in which satins shimmer and velvets tremble," says an enthusiastic admirer, Claretie...."
3. The Saturday Magazine (1836)
""Being come into the church," says Evelyn "you see nothing, and tread on nothing, but what is precious. The floor is all inlaid with agates, lazulis,..."
4. Indo-Aryans: Contributions Towards the Elucidation of Their Ancient and by Raja Rājendralāla Mitra (1881)
"... and some like elephants; some painted with gateways of lapis-lazuli, some gilt, some bedecked with rubies and pearls and lapis-lazulis, and other gems..."


s10_x = p1_x - p0_x;
 s10_y = p1_y - p0_y;
 s32_x = p3_x - p2_x;
 s32_y = p3_y - p2_y;
 denom = s10_x * s32_y - s32_x * s10_y;
 if (denom == 0)
 return 0; // Collinear
 bool denomPositive = denom > 0;
 s02_x = p0_x - p2_x;
 s02_y = p0_y - p2_y;
 s_numer = s10_x * s02_y - s10_y * s02_x;
 if ((s_numer < 0) == denomPositive)
 return 0; // No collision
 t_numer = s32_x * s02_y - s32_y * s02_x;
 if ((t_numer < 0) == denomPositive)
 return 0; // No collision
 if (((s_numer > denom) == denomPositive) || ((t_numer > denom) == denomPositive))
 return 0; // No collision
 // Collision detected
 t = t_numer / denom;
 if (i_x!= NULL)
 *i_x = p0_x + (t * s10_x);
 if (i_y!= NULL)
 *i_y = p0_y + (t * s10_y);
 return 1;
Basically it postpones the division until the last moment, and moves most of the tests until before certain calculations are done, thereby adding early-outs. Finally, it also avoids the division by zero case which occurs when the lines are parallel.
You also might want to consider using an epsilon test rather than comparison against zero. Lines that are extremely close to parallel can produce results that are slightly off. This is not a bug, it is a limitation with floating point math.
share|improve this answer
The most elegant solution. Thank you. – Ray Feb 19 '13 at 9:58
Fails if some of the points have a value of 0.. that should not happen right? – hfossli Feb 20 '13 at 15:21
I've made a correction for a bug introduced when deferring the divide. t could be positive when the numer and denom were both negative. – iMalc Apr 2 '13 at 5:05
add comment
Question C: How do you detect whether or not two line segments intersect?
I have searched for the same topic and I wasn't happy with the answers. So I have written an article that explains very detailed how to check if two line segments intersect with a lot of images. There is complete (and tested) Java-code.
Here is the article, cropped to the most important parts:
The algorithm, that checks if line segment a intersects with line segment b, looks like this:
enter image description here
What are bounding boxes? Here are two bounding boxes of two line segments:
enter image description here
If both bounding boxes have an intersection, you move line segment a so that one point is at (0|0). Now you have a line through the origin defined by a. Now move line segment b the same way and check if the new points of line segment b are on different sides of line a. If this is the case, check it the other way around. If this is also the case, the line segments intersect. If not, they don't intersect.
Question A: Where do two line segments intersect?
You know that two line segments a and b intersect. If you don't know that, check it with the tools I gave you in "Question C".
Now you can go through some cases and get the solution with 7th grade math (see code and interactive example).
Question B: How do you detect whether or not two lines intersect?
Lets say your point A = (x1, y1), point B = (x2, y2), C = (x_3, y_3), D = (x_4, y_4). Your first line is definied by AB (with A!= B), your second one by CD (with C!= D).
function doLinesIntersect(AB, CD) {
 if (x1 == x2) {
 return!(x3 == x4 && x1!= x3);
 } else if (x3 == x4) {
 return true;
 } else {
 // both lines are not parallel to the y-axis
 m1 = (y1-y2)/(x1-x2);
 m2 = (y3-y4)/(x3-x4);
 return m1!= m2;
Question D: Where do two lines intersect?
Check with Question B if they intersect at all.
The lines a and b are defined by two points for each line. You can basically apply the same logic was used in Question A.
share|improve this answer
To be clear, the Question B in this answer is truly about two lines intersecting, not line segments. I'm not complaining; it's not incorrect. Just don't want anyone to be misled. – phord Jul 16 '13 at 3:46
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This is working well for me. Taken from here.
 // calculates intersection and checks for parallel lines.
 // also checks that the intersection point is actually on
 // the line segment p1-p2
 Point findIntersection(Point p1,Point p2,
 Point p3,Point p4) {
 float xD1,yD1,xD2,yD2,xD3,yD3;
 float dot,deg,len1,len2;
 float segmentLen1,segmentLen2;
 float ua,ub,div;
 // calculate differences
 // calculate the lengths of the two lines
 // calculate angle between the two lines.
 dot=(xD1*xD2+yD1*yD2); // dot product
 // if abs(angle)==1 then the lines are parallell,
 // so no intersection is possible
 if(abs(deg)==1) return null;
 // find intersection Pt between two lines
 Point pt=new Point(0,0);
 // calculate the combined length of the two segments
 // between Pt-p1 and Pt-p2
 // calculate the combined length of the two segments
 // between Pt-p3 and Pt-p4
 // if the lengths of both sets of segments are the same as
 // the lenghts of the two lines the point is actually
 // on the line segment.
 // if the point isn't on the line, return null
 if(abs(len1-segmentLen1)>0.01 || abs(len2-segmentLen2)>0.01)
 return null;
 // return the valid intersection
 return pt;
 class Point{
 float x,y;
 Point(float x, float y){
 this.x = x;
 this.y = y;
 void set(float x, float y){
 this.x = x;
 this.y = y;
share|improve this answer
There are several problems with this code. It can raise an exception due to division by zero; it's slow because it takes square roots; and it sometimes returns false positives because it uses a fudge factor. You can do better than this! – Gareth Rees Feb 19 '09 at 23:14
Okay as a solution but that given by Jason is definitely computationally quicker and avoids a lot of the problems with this solution – Elemental Oct 6 '09 at 8:17
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Just wanted to mention that a good explanation and explicit solution can be found in the Numeric Recipes series. I've got the 3rd edition and the answer is on page 1117, section 21.4. Another solution with a different nomenclature can be found in a paper by Marina Gavrilova Reliable Line Section Intersection Testing. Her solution is, to my mind, a little simpler.
My implementation is below:
bool NuGeometry::IsBetween(const double& x0, const double& x, const double& x1){
 return (x >= x0) && (x <= x1);
bool NuGeometry::FindIntersection(const double& x0, const double& y0,
 const double& x1, const double& y1,
 const double& a0, const double& b0,
 const double& a1, const double& b1,
 double& xy, double& ab) {
 // four endpoints are x0, y0 & x1,y1 & a0,b0 & a1,b1
 // returned values xy and ab are the fractional distance along xy and ab
 // and are only defined when the result is true
 bool partial = false;
 double denom = (b0 - b1) * (x0 - x1) - (y0 - y1) * (a0 - a1);
 if (denom == 0) {
 xy = -1;
 ab = -1;
 } else {
 xy = (a0 * (y1 - b1) + a1 * (b0 - y1) + x1 * (b1 - b0)) / denom;
 partial = NuGeometry::IsBetween(0, xy, 1);
 if (partial) {
 // no point


I am writing an web application that behaves differently depending on a url prefix. The format is something like:
The web app behaves differently based on myprefix. My web app extract that part from the URL and act on that.
However, when I test on my local, I use an localhost address:
I counldn't do something like:
What is the best way for me to test this scenario?
Many thanks
Unfortunately, because localhost is not a proper domain, you can't add a subdomain to it like that. You can, however, trick your computer into thinking it owns a specific domain and test things that way. For instance, if you have a UNIX-based operating system, open (as root) the file /etc/hosts and add a line (or lines) like this: example.com subdomain.example.com
Your computer will now treat both example.com and subdomain.example.com as belonging to itself. If you visit either in your web browser, they will work the same, in principle, as localhost, but your web server will see the correct domain in its Host header.
 - Many thanks for your answer. This is exactly what I want. However, my web app runs on a port, say 1234. I searched around and people said there is no way to specify a port number in /etc/hosts. What is the best way to specify port? – Kevin Sep 26 '13 at 9:12
 - 7
 You're going to have to just use the port in your URL as usual, e.g., _URL_ The port is entirely separate from the domain (domains are used for identifying the machine, ports are used for identifying which program on the machine to communicate with). – Matt Patenaude Sep 26 '13 at 22:31
 - Alternatively, if you can run your software as root (for testing), you can just use port 80, which is the default, so you won't have to specify one. – Matt Patenaude Sep 29 '13 at 16:54
 - 4
 One could just list the domain names after the ip address: example.com sub.example.com sub2.example.com... – automaton Jan 3 '15 at 16:10
 - 7
 This works for windows as well. The host file on windows is located at: C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts. You will need to copy the file to somewhere else that has lower permissions, (like your desktop), to edit it and then paste it back into the folder (to work around the permissions). – Lindsay-Needs-Sleep Apr 4 '19 at 6:36
I'm not sure about same behaviour at windows. I'm working on linux mint.
You can use lvh.me:port as a local domain. You can imagine that your project is deployed on localhost:port on this domain.
Instead of sub.localhost:port you've to use sub.lvh.me:port
sub.localhost:port works at chrome. Firefox automatically adds www. at the beginning of entered domain that can cause problems with subdomains testing
 - I can confirm this works on Windows as well. Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, and Chrome browsers work flawlessly! – Jose A Apr 20 '18 at 16:59
 - I was using firefox and chrome tip saved my day, thanks! – Ezek55 Jan 31 '19 at 11:57
 - 2
 For additional flexibility, you could also use the services nio.io or xip.io. They allow to map any IP address to any subdomain. So e.g. your colleagues could also use the same URL to access your app. E.g. if your workstation's IP address is, you could use _URL_. from your PC or from other PCs in your intranet. – mh8020 Jul 9 '19 at 19:39
For Windows users, based on this answer and per this comment, you can achieve this by adding ports to localhost via the hosts file that resides at this path:
And append lines like the following to it: example.com subdomain.example.com
You should be using the.test domain for things like that. That is what.test is for. localhost is not supposed to have any subdomains.
To do so violates the approved RFC standards. localhost has an A record and in IPv6 environments, an AAAA record. All other DNS record types, including SOA are forbidden.
Without an SOA record, it cannot be a zone apex that has sub-records, so no subdomains nor delegations are permitted. Even the recent RFC draft titled Let localhost be localhost is consistent with this.
One-Line Solution for Windows
Open PowerShell as Administrator and run the following command, replacing sub.mydomain.com with whatever you want.
"'n127.0.0.1 sub.mydomain.com" | Out-File C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts -encoding ASCII -append
 - 'n - newline
 - - loopback address
 - sub.mydomain.com - domain name
 - | Out-File C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts - pipe the string to the hosts
 - -encoding ASCII - correct encoding
 - -append - append to end of file (important!)
Your Answer


text:
Apr. 14, 2011 Scientists at Queen's University Belfast have pioneered a new needle-free test to take the sting out of medicine testing in premature babies. The research will not only lead to greater accuracy in prescribing, but will also significantly reduce the trauma of such tests for newborn infants and their families.
In the first published research project worldwide on this new approach to testing medicines in children, the findings were announced in the US medical journal Pediatrics.
The study, which involves the use of blood spots obtained from a simple heel-prick, took place in the Belfast Hospital for Sick Children and the School of Pharmacy at Queen's.
The research was carried out by a team from the University's School of Pharmacy in partnership with the Regional Neonatal Unit in the Royal Maternity Hospital. It was funded by the Health and Social Care Research and Development Office (HSC R&D) and Action Medical Research.
Principal Investigator, Queen's Professor of Pharmacy Practice James McElnay said: "This type of testing will obviously reduce the discomfort of medicine testing in these vulnerable patients. What is even more important, however, is that it will ensure maximum accuracy in calculating the most appropriate dose of a medicine for a sick child.
"Some 80 per cent of infants in intensive care in hospitals receive medicines which have not been appropriately tested or licensed for use in such young patients, and the dosage is usually calculated based on licensed doses for adults or older children. Sizable blood samples are then required to measure the concentrations of the drug in the infant's bloodstream.
"Our work opens up opportunities for using the same approach to study other medicines which are used in this manner in children, and we are currently studying a number of these."
The Queen's study involved the antibiotic metronidazole. The research team used single drops of blood collected on blotting paper from premature infants who were receiving the medicine as part of their routine care. The 'spots' were dried, analysed in the University's School of Pharmacy, and the results used to develop dosage guidance for doctors.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- M. Suyagh, P. S. Collier, J. S. Millership, G. Iheagwaram, M. Millar, H. L. Halliday, J. C. McElnay. Metronidazole Population Pharmacokinetics in Preterm Neonates Using Dried Blood-Spot Sampling. Pediatrics, 2011; 127 (2): e367 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0807
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
A CMOS Luminescence Sensor for Intensity and Lifetime Dual SensingFu, Guoqing.
Abstract: Luminescence is an important phenomenon in nature used extensively in biology, life sciences, biomedical and environmental applications. It is the light emitted by a substance not resulting from heat after absorbing a certain amount of excitation energy. Measurements of luminescence could involve measuring its intensity or measuring its lifetime. Sensing based on luminescence intensity s... read more
- Tufts University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
- Permanent URL
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Philip Burne-Jones
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Philip Burne-Jones holding a cat
The Vampire, Philip Burne-Jones' most famous work
Sir Philip Burne-Jones, 2nd Baronet (1861–1926) was the first child of the British Pre-Raphaelite artist Sir Edward Burne-Jones and his wife Georgiana Macdonald. He became a well-known painter in his own right, producing more than 60 paintings, including portraits, landscapes, and poetic fantasies.
Life and career[edit]
He was born in London, England in 1861 and was educated at Marlborough College. He attended Oxford University for two years, but dropped out. To appease his parents over this failure, he agreed to take lessons in painting in London.
Philip did focus on painting seriously. His level of skill was high and he exhibited his work in well-known galleries in London and Paris. The Royal Academy exhibited his work eleven times of between 1898 and 1918, and his work was also shown in the Paris Salon of 1900. There he exhibited his portrait of his father, now in the National Portrait Gallery. He painted the portraits of many well-known names of the times.
His most famous work, The Vampire, depicting a woman straddling an unconscious man, was believed to have been modelled by the actress Mrs Patrick Campbell, with whom Burne-Jones had been romantically linked.[1] The painting also inspired Rudyard Kipling's poem of the same name.
Having a famous father was difficult for him, and it was Philip's fate in life that his work was often compared unfavourably with that of his father.
A baronetcy having been bestowed on his father in 1894, upon his father's death in 1898 Philip succeeded to the title. It is said that his father had only accepted it because Philip was so keen to inherit the title.
Burne-Jones visited the United States in 1902, where he was popular in fashionable society. He lived out most of his life in London, where he died in 1926.
 1. ^ "Shaw's Vampire". Time Magazine. 1940-04-22. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
External links[edit]
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Edward Coley Burne-Jones
(of Rottingdean and of the Grange)


The y2038 implementation for perl =========================================================================== This is an implementation of POSIX time.h which solves the year 2038 bug on systems where time_t is only 32 bits. It is implemented in bog-standard ANSI C. The latest version can be found at It makes use of the system's native 32 bit functions to perform time zone and daylight savings time calculations and thus does *not* need to ship its own time zone table. time64.h currently implements three public functions, localtime64_r(), gmtime64_r() and timegm64(). They are implementations of localtime_r(), gmtime_r() and timegm64(). To install, simply copy time64.c and time64.h into your project and make use of the functions. To test, run "make test". You must have Perl, prove (which comes with a recent version of the Test::Harness Perl module) and bzdiff installed to run the full test suite. It will do a number of unit tests, plus test against a large table of known good values in different time zones. Limitations, Issues, etc... --------------------------- localtime64_r() gets its time zone and daylight savings time information by mapping the future year back to a similar one between 2010 and 2037, safe for localtime_r(). The calculations are accurate according to current time zone and daylight savings information, but may become inaccurate if a change is made that takes place after 2010. Future versions will probe for a 64 bit safe system localtime_r() and gmtime_r() and use that. The maximum date is still limited by your tm struct. Most 32 bit systems use a signed integer tm_year which means the practical upper limit is the year _PHONE_ which is somewhere around 2**54. You can use a 64 bit clean tm struct by setting USE_TM64 in time64.h Portability ----------- I would like to add some configuration detection stuff in the future, but for now all I can do is document the assumptions... This code assumes that long longs are 64 bit integers which is technically in violation of the C standard. This can be changed in time64.h by changing the Time64_T and Int64 typedefs. There are a number of configuration options in time64.h. Configure variables ------------------- Configure probes for the maximum and minimum values that gmtime () and localtime () accept on the local system. Configure however is only used on unix-like systems. For windows and VMS these values are hard-coded. You can use timecheck.c in the Porting directory to check those values yourself, using the same technique that is used in Configure based on bit-shifting: $ cd perl/Porting $ cc -O -o timecheck timecheck.c $./timecheck ====================== Sizeof time_t = 8 gmtime () boundaries: 8: 0x00f0c2ab7c54a97f: _PHONE_-31 23:59:59 8: -0x0000000e79747c00: 0-01-01 00:00:00 localtime () boundaries: 8: 0x00f0c2ab7c549b6f: _PHONE_-31 23:59:59 8: -0x0000000e79748094: 0-01-01 00:00:00 Configure variables: sGMTIME_max='67768036191676799' sGMTIME_min='-62167219200' sLOCALTIME_max='67768036191673199' sLOCALTIME_min='-62167220372' In the rare case that your system uses a double for time_t, you can use the alternate approach to test for these values: $ cd perl/Porting $ cc -O -o timecheck2{,.c} $./timecheck2 gmtime max 67768036191676800 localtime max 67768036191673200 gmtime min -67768040609740800 localtime min -67768040609741968


text:
A group practice is a group of doctors, dentists, nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), and possibly other healthcare providers who practice together. Group practice providers share their individual knowledge, skills and resources to provide specialized and coordinated care to patients.
A group practice may be a small group of providers that share a physical space, often located in a clinic, hospital department, or medical or dental office. Group practices may also be large and include hundreds of providers as part of an organized system of care, such as a large health plan or hospital system.
Patients benefit by the medical knowledge of all specialists in a group practice. Group practices may specialize in an area of care (e.g., cardiac care) and include various specialists (e.g., cardiologist and cardiac surgeon). Together, these specialists provide comprehensive and efficient care to patients with simple to complex conditions. For example, a critically ill patient with advanced kidney disease can benefit from the expertise of a provider practice that includes specialists in nephrology and critical care medicine.
Many group practices design care strategies to anticipate patient needs, prevent complications, maintain optimal health and function, and improve quality of care. To help in this goal, group practices frequently include other specialized healthcare professionals. This can include a counselor, dental hygienist, diabetes educator, dietician-nutritionist, and specialized registered nurses (RNs). For example, an orthopedic or sports medicine practice may include physical therapists and athletic trainers as part of the practice.
Teamwork across specialties in a group practice is coordinated through the use of electronic health records; dedicated care managers (or care coordinators); evidence-based, recommended care guidelines; and systematic monitoring of quality and efficiency.