How To Guides at
Baby Furniture Crib Sets
by Emily Lloyd
Ebony 4 in 1 crib with matching nursery furniture
Parents need to invest in a baby furniture crib set before their newborn makes his initial appearance. Having a baby furniture crib set already installed will help prevent unnecessary stress and allow parents to be as prepared as possible for their newborn. Experienced parents will tell first-time parents that a crib is the most essential item on a baby furniture list. The best way to make sure you have all the necessary items for a new baby is to invest in a crib set. Below is a list of possible baby furniture items needed to complete your crib set.
Buying Baby Furniture Crib Sets:
 1. Crib: Cribs are must-have pieces of baby furniture, and a crib should be one of the first things parents purchase for their baby. Cribs are heavy and sturdy stationary beds that usually come with adjustable railings. Crib railings will keep your baby from rolling, climbing and falling out of the bed. Before placing your baby in the crib, make sure the bed joints aren't loose and that there aren't any nails or screws poking out which could cause injuries. When properly cared for, a crib can last for many years. Parents should avoid drop-side cribs because they pose a risk to infants and were banned by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
 2. Bassinet: An alternative to a crib, at least for your baby's first few months of life is a bassinet. A bassinet is a lightweight, small bed which is ideal for newborns. Bassinets usually come with wheels, which makes it easier to transport from room to room. Most parents keep the bassinet in their room for the first few months to keep the baby closer to them for late night and early morning changings and feedings. A bassinet is smaller than a crib, so one is safe to use as long as the baby is below a certain weight and cannot roll over yet. Once a baby can roll over, it's time to move him into a nursery crib for safety reasons.
 3. Drawers: Drawers are another essential item in baby furniture crib sets. Babies are small, but they need a lot of clothes, diapers and wipes. Organized drawers make it easy to locate baby items quickly, and keeping baby items in drawers helps to keep the nursery clean and clutter-free.
 4. Changing table: Changing tables should be a secure place to change a baby, so it's important to make sure that the changing table is sturdy. Many changing tables come equipped with safety railings. It's important to double-check that the changing table is big enough for the newborn and that it's at the right height for the caretaker. Some changing tables come with drawers so everything needed is within reaching distance.
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text:
Healthy Child LifestylesEstilos de Vida Sanos del Niño
Healthy Child Lifestyles
As a child grows from infancy through adolescence, it is important to promote good health through healthy lifestyles and habits. Lifestyles that are learned in childhood are more likely to stay with the child into adulthood.
Listed in the directory below are some healthy child lifestyle topics, as well as age-appropriate vision, hearing, and speech development milestones to help parents identify possible problems, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Vision, Hearing, and Speech

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
TRUE POTATO SEED (TPS)
True Potato seed (TPS) was first evolved through sexual reproduction like tomato, chili, brinjal etc., by Ramanujam in1957 and subsequently its commercial viability was tested. However, high heterozygosity of seedlings of TPS and uniformity in crop hampered its commercial adoption by farmers.
How to use TPS
Initially TPS is sown in nursery for raising seedlings which are latter transplanted in properly prepared seed bed but the process becomes labour intensive and very expensive. The TPS was tested and tried at international Potato Centre and Central Potato Research Centre Institute (CPRI) Shimla and recommended ways for eliminating raising seedlings and then transplanting. The method suggested two stage programme for raising healthy seeds, i. e.-
- Production of tuberlets in nursery beds in the first year.
- Storing them in cold store and planting them thickly as commercial crop in the following year. The method however needs testing field for its yield and economic viability. A seed rate of 50-150 g/hectare is used for sowing.
Advantages with TPS
Following are the advantages of TPS-
- This technique is used for disease free seed production. It is the technique for virus free seed production.
- Cost of tubers used in conventional method of planting is very high whereas the production of tuberlets in nursery for planting in next year relatively very low.
- Higher cost required for storage of huge bulk of conventionally used tubers is reduced as tuberlets (being very small in size) require very little space for storage. This also reduces cost in transplantation.
- The viral infiltration in the seed tuber is also less.
- The cost of tuber treating chemicals is also reduced because of relatively lesser volume of tuberlets.
- By this method, the disease free potato seed can be produced and prevention of diseases to new areas can be checked.
Submitted by JAI VIR SINGH on Thu, 07/01/2010 - 17:41


text:
130@ gpiochip128@ gpiochip192@ gpiochip64@ unexport
Update your exercises folder and cd to gpio directory.
beagle$ cd beagle$ cd exercises/gpio beagle$ git pull beagle$ gedit togglegpio.sh
Can you tell what the program is doing? Try running it:
beagle$ togglegpio 130 0.05
Note that if you are the root user (which is the default case for Angstrom), you will have to type the following command:
beagle$./togglegpio 130 0.05
The first argument tells which gpio port to toggle, the second tells how long to delay between toggling. In this example 0.05 s is 50 ms, which should give a period around 100ms. Measure the signal on an oscilloscope.
Assignment: gpio from the shell
Measuring a gpio pin on an Oscilloscope
Answer the following questions about gpio measurements.
- What's the min and max voltage?
- What period is it?
- How close is it to 100ms?
- Why do they differ?
- Run htop and see how much processor you are using.
- Try different values for the sleep time (2nd argument). What's the shortest period you can get? Make a table of the values you try and the corresponding period and processor usage.
- How stable is the period?
- Try launching something like mplayer. How stable is the period?
- Try cleaning up togglegpio and removing unneeded lines. Does it impact the period?
- togglegpio uses bash (first line in file). Try using sh. Is the period shorter?
- What's the shortest period you can get?
Toggling the LEDs
Modify togglegpio (call it toggleLED) to toggle the LEDs. Can you get the LED to appear to dim by changing the duty cycle of the toggling?
User Button to gpio 130
Write a shell script that reads the User Button and outputs it value on gpio pin 130.
Count the User Button Presses
Write a shell script that displays a count of the number of times the User Button has been pressed.
Copy gpio 130 to gpio 131
Write a shell script that copies the value of gpio pin 130 to gpio pin 131. How much CPU time does it take? What's the delay from the time the input changes until the output changes? How constant is the delay?
Reading the Keyboard and Mouse
beagle$ cd /sys/class/input beagle$ ls -F beagle$ evtest event2 Hit ctrl-C to stop
Now move your mouse around, or try you keyboard. My mouse is plugged into the bottom left USB port and event2 responds to it. Where do your keyboard and mouse appear?
Reading the User Button
(Note: This may not work on some versions of the OS. In these versions another program is controlling the gpio port that the User button is attached to.)
It's attached to gpio port 4. You can read it via:
beagle$ cd /sys/class/gpio beagle$ ls -F export gpio133@ gpio137@ gpio141@ gpiochip160@ gpiochip96@ gpio130@ gpio134@ gpio138@ gpio162@ gpiochip192@ unexport gpio131@ gpio135@ gpio139@ gpiochip0@ gpiochip32@ gpio132@ gpio136@ gpio140@ gpiochip128@ gpiochip64@
Notice there is no gpio4. Here's how you can create it, set it to an input port and read its value:
beagle$ echo 4 > export beagle$ ls beagle$ cd gpio4 beagle$ echo in > direction beagle$ cat value
Try holding down the switch and doing
cat value again. Does the value change? There's a shell script called readgpio that repeatedly reads the switch.
beagle$ readgpio 4
Try pushing the switch. Does it work? Hit ctrl-C to stop. Look at readgpio. How does it work?
beagle$ which readgpio beagle$ cp /usr/bin/readgpio ~ beagle$ gedit ~/readgpio
- Here is wh1ts article on flashing an LED. It is referenced in the readgpio file that comes on the Beagle.
- This Make magazine article has a few more details.
- Here in a gpio reference for Linux in general. It includes sample 'C' code for flashing at 1 Hz.
- Here is a posting in the Beagle Google group about gpio.
- Here is some information about gpio from the kernel point of view.
- Here is some info on a GPIO Event Driver
- Here is info on how to set edge to falling and poll() the pin.
- Here is the kernel Documentation on gpio.
Embedded Linux Class by Mark A. Yoder


text:
The vortex tube is a device used for generation of cold and hot air streams from compressed air. This simple device is very efficient in theseparation of air streams into two different temperatures streams. Cold air coming out of vortex tube can be used for air conditioning and refrigeration purpose. The coefficient of performance (COP) and outlet cold air temperature difference (?TC) of vortex tube are considerably influenced by its thermophysical and geometrical parameters. The present study deals with the experimental investigation on the effect of 2, 4 and 6nozzle number on COP and?TC of thevortex tube. Vortex tube with length to diameter ratio (L/D) 15'0°, 15'4°, 16'4°, 17'4° and 18'4° where 0° and 4° are diverging angles, cold end orifice diameter(do) 5, 6 and 7mm and valve angle (O) 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° have been experimented with inlet pressure (Pi) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 bar. The effect of nozzle number on COP and?TC for acold mass fraction (CMF) varying from 0 to 1 was studied and the validation of experimented and simulated value of COP and?TC for pressure varying from 2 bar to 6 bar was done.The experimental results are validated with simulation results. Experimental result indicates that COP increases with increase in inlet pressure but decreases as a number of nozzle increases.The simulation result holds true with anexperimental result where the value of COP decreases with increase in CMF value and?TCdecreases with increase in CMF. The best result was achieved for2 nozzle numberwhere it produces maximum 0.1237 COP for CMF = 1 and maximum?TC about 20.3794 at CMF = 1. The best COP experimentalandCOPsimulationwere achieved for 2 nozzle number as0.136668811 and 0.062378066 respectively at 6 bar inlet pressure.Also, the best?TCvalue of experimental and simulation was achieved at 6 bar pressure as 7.2 and 11.80075 respectively.
Cite this article:
Snehal Bharat Bhote, K D Devade. Investigations on Thermal Performance of Multi-Nozzle Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube. Int. J. Tech. 2018; 8(2): 65-78. doi: 10.5958/2231-3915.2018.00010.X

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: This paper exploits a large dataset of replications of the Holt and Laury (2002) risk elicitation task to study a possible outcome reporting bias using gender differences in risk attitudes. There is a strong consensus view in the experimental literature according to which women are more prudent than men in risky choices. The evidence collected in the dataset, however, does not support the consensus: only a tiny fraction of the replications displays gender differences. This striking distance between the consensus and the data gathered with this elicitation task allows us to test directly for the presence of outcome reporting bias in the risk and gender literature. We find no evidence that the likelihood of reporting about gender differences is affected by obtaining results in line or against the consensus, also controlling for authors fixed effects. The vast majority of the studies does not report gender results. The only significant determinant of the probability of reporting is the fact that the study focuses directly on the analysis of risk preferences.


text:
The bridge connecting the Monumenti peninsula and the island of Sv. Katarina (St. Catherine's island) is 233.95 m long. It consists of 21 spans, ranging from 6.95 m to 8.10 in length; total width of 4.50 m. The bridge reconstruction consisted of the construction of new piles, 50 cm in diameter, and a new hidden horizontal reinforced concrete structure within the dimensions of the existing bridge, including the complete fixing of the original reinforced concrete structure. New bridge deck has been made, 6.0 m wide, formed of a 5-m wide carriageway and the protective kerbstones from both sides of the bridge. During the performance of works, the access to the structure was difficult for the simple reason the structure was directly above the sea level and most reconstruction works had to be performed from pontoons.
Monumenti – sv. Katarina bridge


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
conventionalize to make conventional. [2 definitions]
conventional wisdom a belief or set of beliefs that is held by most people.
conventual of, like, or pertaining to a convent. [3 definitions]
converge to move toward or meet at a common point. [3 definitions]
convergence the act or condition of converging. [4 definitions]
convergent tending to move toward a common point or intersection.
conversable easy to talk with; affable. [2 definitions]
conversant familiar; acquainted; practiced (usu. fol. by with or in).
conversation oral exchange of ideas, opinions, and the like. [2 definitions]
conversational of or characteristic of conversation. [2 definitions]
conversationalist a person who takes pleasure in and is skilled at making conversation.
conversation piece an unusual object that attracts attention and stimulates conversation. [2 definitions]
converse1 to have an oral exchange or conversation; talk. [2 definitions]
converse2 opposite; reverse. [2 definitions]
conversion the act or process of converting. [6 definitions]
convert to transform (something) into another form, substance, or state. [5 definitions]
converter someone or something that converts. [5 definitions]
converter reactor a nuclear reactor that produces less, or a different kind of, fissionable material than it consumes. (Cf. breeder reactor.)
convertible capable of being changed in shape, function, or nature. [4 definitions]
convertiplane an airplane that can fly forward with speed and take off and land vertically like a helicopter.
convex having a surface or outer edge that curves outward like the outside of a ball. (Cf. concave.)


Event: 'Entangled Matter' by ELASTIC NATURE at The Crypt Gallery London
ELASTIC NATURE is an art research club bringing together interdisciplinary researchers, practitioners and thinkers around the broad subject of 'the future of nature' via artificial life, sympathetic synthetics, sensory realities, materiality and speculative bodies.
Founded by artist and researcher Becky Lyon through interactive workshops, seminars, breakfast salons and screenings ELASTIC NATURE stimulate conversation around the changing shape of nature. New forms of nature, artificial versus wildlife, how sensory mediation play a role in the understanding of nature and our perceived 'reality' of it or synthetic nature versus wild nature are some of the themes around which Becky Lyon articulates the conversation involving ELASTIC NATURE.
For its fourth session, they will be discussing the topic the interconnectedness of matter and hosting an exploratory discussion group as part of the programme of the Falling Stars / Stelle Cadenti exhibition curated by LUMEN. The conversation may include some of the next topics: Jane Bennet's seminal Vibrant Matter, what are the consequences of perceiving certain materials (such as a landfill) as dead? And how would that perception change if we perceived them as lively? How else have we privileged particular types of matter? What evidence or arguments exist, either scientifically or philosophical of the ability for the non-living matter to 'self-organise'? How is the search for extraterrestrial life impacting our perception of life on Earth? And can technology be considered nature?
This fourth event titled Entangled Matter is taking place this Saturday 26 at The Crypt Gallery in Euston (London) from 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm.
Text by CLOT Magazine (Twitter _USER_)
Website _URL_
(All photos courtesy of Elastic Nature)
24 Jan 2019


text:
How old am i, If i was born on 04 January 1923?
You're currently 100 years, 11 months, and 1 days old as of 05 December 2023. Born on a Thursday, you've lived for 36,831 days. Your next birthday is in 00 Months, 30 Days. For a more comprehensive breakdown, please refer to the detailed result below.
Remarkable Facts About Your Birthdate and Age!
- Date of Birth — 04 January 1923
- Day of Birth — Thursday
- Current Age — 100 years, 11 months, and 1 days
- Zodiac Sign — Capricorn ♑
- Leap Year — No
- Age in Months — 1,211 Months, 1 Days. A journey of growth, dreams, and endless possibilities. Keep embracing every moment and reaching for the stars!
- Age in Weeks — 5,261 Weeks. You've probably had some fantastic dreams during that time!
- Age in Days — 36,831 Days. Every day a canvas, where you paint your dreams into reality.
- Age in Hours — 883,944 Hours. Keep spreading those positive vibes!
- Age in Minutes — 53,036,640 Minutes. Cherishing each minute, as they weave the tapestry of your extraordinary life.
- Age in Seconds — 3,182,198,400 Minutes. Imagine if you could turn those seconds into dollars!
- Breaths Taken — You have taken approximately 848,586,240 breaths till today's date.
- Heartbeats — Your heart has beaten around 3,818,638,080 times since your birth.
- Smiles — You have smiled approximately 368,310 times.
- Sleep — You have slept for approximately 294,648 hours.
- Food Consumption — You have eaten around 81,028 kilograms of food.
You were born on a Thursday, characterized by generosity and expansiveness. Jupiter's influence bestows luck and a broad-minded outlook.
You were born in January, starting the year off with determination and ambition. Your energy sets the tone for the months ahead, making you a natural leader and achiever.
Capricorns, like you, are known for their determination and practicality. Your strong work ethic and ambitious nature make you a force to be reckoned with in achieving your goals.


Wednesday, 1 September, 2010, 19:23 Politics
_PHONE_ genocide in Ukraine was invented by foreign historians, Tabachnyk says
Speaking to Argumenty i fakty v Ukrayini, Education Minister Dmytro Tabachnyk called the _PHONE_ genocide in Ukraine the invention of foreign historians.
"Residents of Ukrainian, Russian, Moldovan, Greek and other villages were dying from starvation. The famine was, to my mind, a political tool to destroy farmers as a social class. However, the famine didn't have any ethnic dimensions," Ukrayinska Pravda quotes the minister as saying Sept. 1.
He admitted that the famine of _PHONE_ and _PHONE_ in the USSR was man-made and was caused by the erroneous decisions by the regime.
"Still, the famine was never a genocide because it afflicted farmers of various nationalities," Tabachnyk said.
 Simultaneously, Tabachnyk did not rule out a UN resolution recognizing the _PHONE_ famine as the genocide of Ukrainians, Russians, Kazakhs and Moldovans.
more news
2017-04-28 09:23:48


text: The Potomac River and its tributary streams within the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) are home to at least 61 species of fish (and one hybrid). Mine Run in Great Falls Park has the highest species richness of any stream in GWMP with 22 species recorded. Within GWMP, the Fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) and Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) are found only in Mine Run, the Swallowtail Shiner (Notropis procne), Fantail Darter (Etheostoma flabellare), Potomac Sculpin (Cottus girardi), and the Satinfin Shiner (Cyprinella analostana) are restricted to Turkey Run, and the Northern Hogsucker (Hypentelium nigricans) and Margined Madtom (Noturus insignis) are found only in Difficult Run. While on the Maryland side of GWMP the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), Golden Redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum) and Greenside Darter (Etheostoma blennioides) are known to occur only in Cabin John Creek. The American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) is found in more GWMP streams than any other species. Dyke Marsh, located along the Potomac River, is home to at least 38 species.


text: We investigated the effects of single electron charging energy in high temperature superconductors. Various phenomena originating from Coulomb blockade were observable in superconducting tunnel junctions. High quality tunneling junctions were fabricated from c-axis oriented NdBa2Cu3O7–delta/PrBa2Cu3O7–delta/NdBa2Cu3O7–delta thin film multilayers by the pulsed laser deposition method. The current-voltage characteristics (CVCs) show a Coulomb gap for Cooper pair tunneling when the charging energy exceeds the Josephson coupling energy. We found a regime in which the CVCs exhibit sharply defined Coulomb steps due to single electron dynamics and nonlinear tunneling rates. From the obtained Coulomb staircase, the tunneling resistance shows a quantum effect: It is modulated by the tunneling current in the form h/4e2RT~[sin(piI/I0)2/(piI/I0)]. We suggest an interpretation involving the quantum resistance h/e2 and the competition between the charging, Josephson, and thermal energies of the system. Our results give a perspective on a solid-state quantum system with considerable interest for direct application in quantum computing.


text:
Crowfoot Hodgkin Nobel Lecture
- Figure 7a
Fig. 7a. Electron density peaks from eI
calculated for cobyric acid, factor VIa. The contours are
at intervals of I e/A3, starting with the
2 electron contour. The I-electron contour is dotted where necessary to define
an atomic position.
Back to Crowfoot


Why ARIS Media Streamer can't stream YouTube videos
It's the same story with many streaming media apps.
They're designed to play video on your TV or desktop, but you're still using your TV's built-in streaming device to stream your video.
But ARIS has a feature that lets you stream video directly to your TV via your phone, iPad, and other smart devices.
When you do that, ARIS automatically turns on your device's video stream, so you don't have to.
ARIS Streamer lets you: Start a video stream.
Play and pause video.
Stream and record video.
Play video clips.
Play a video and audio clip.
Download video clips or clips from your favorite video app.
Browse video clips and audio clips.
Select from hundreds of audio and video clips in the ARIS library.
Start a new video stream: Start your video stream by pressing a button on your ARIS device.
If you have an app that has a video app, you can use ARIS's feature to start your stream directly from that app.
Start your ARis video stream with ARIS Replay mode: When you start your ARIstream stream, you'll see a small "Start Replay" box on the top of your ARIAccess bar.
Select it and your stream will start playing right away.
The app will pause when you close it, and the ARI stream will resume when you open it again.
It will also stop playing once you close the ARIAcess bar.
You can pause your stream to watch another video in your ARIEccess bar: Select the "Pause" button on the bottom right of your stream and then press the button to start playing the next video.
Once you're done playing a video, you should see the ARIs Replay button in the top right corner.
It'll display the current video playback time and playback progress.
To stop the playback, select the "Stop" button from the bottom left.
ARIAuth bar: When the ARIEcess bar is full, you need to open the ARISAccess bar to continue playing your video or audio clips or video clips from other apps.
To open the bar, press the left or right arrow buttons on your home screen.
You'll see an ARIAuthority bar on the left side of the screen.
Tap it to open it.
You will be prompted to enter your email address and password to authorize your account.
Tap the "Authorize" button to authorize ARIS for the video stream or audio stream you just started.
You need to use this authorization to start the video or to play a clip from another app on your phone.
You won't be able to pause your ARIs video stream if you don�t have the video app on the device, so check out our video streaming guide to learn how to use ARIs in a variety of video apps.
Play audio clips from an ARI video: If you're playing a clip in a video on another device, you will need to enable the "play audio clips" option.
Once that's done, you must enter the audio clip ID or audio clip name of the audio file that you want to play in the video, and you must press the right or left arrow buttons to play the audio.
You don't need to have the audio player open to start a playback.
To play the video you just played, you have to press the play button again on the right side of your screen.
To pause the playback of a video clip or audio file, you just need to press either the pause button on top of the video screen or the pause arrow on the video player.
You cannot pause playback in the middle of a playback or record video in the right hand bar.
If your ARISE stream is playing an audio clip, you won't see any audio in the left hand bar, so don't worry about that.
You still need to listen for the "start replay" notification.
You also have to wait for the start replay notification to appear.
When the start Replay notification appears, press and hold the button on ARIaccess bar and wait for it to appear on the screen (press the button again if it doesn't appear).
Then press the start button on video player or pause button in video player and continue playing.
If the start play button doesn't display, press both buttons on video or pause player and wait a few seconds for it again to appear in the screen and then play the start video.
When your video is over, press either pause button or start button in ARIS and the video will pause.
'The Big Picture' on how to win in 2018, 2018 will be better than you think
"The Big Problem" is Recode's new podcast that explores the big picture of what matters most in politics.
Subscribe now!
Subscribe to the podcast on iTunesSubscribe to our podcasts on StitcherSubscribe to Recode and our other podcasts on SoundcloudSubscribe to Google PlaySubscribe to TuneIn RadioSubscribe to Stitcher's new app, which includes live updates from our team of political analysts, hosts, contributors and more.
Read moreRecode is proud to partner with Recode.
Our team of experts is made up of leaders in the world of journalism, technology and business.
We're committed to helping you win and create value in politics and beyond.
Recode's award-winning journalists and writers bring your news and conversations to life.
They've covered some of the most important stories of the year and are committed to covering the news the right way.
Follow them on Twitter _USER_, on Google+ or on Facebook.
Join us on Google Hangouts, YouTube, or Google+ Hangouts.
Follow us on Instagram at Recode, _USER_, or _USER_.
When does your Netflix subscription expire?
When will my Netflix subscription be up for renewal?
The most popular streaming media service for the masses, Netflix, is currently available on nearly half of the world's devices, including Apple, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Roku, and others.
The streaming service has grown in popularity as more people embrace their gadgets and the devices themselves, and is now available on more devices than ever before.
With the advent of the next-generation Apple TV and Apple TV Stick, Netflix is now on more than half of U.S. homes.
On October 5, Netflix will start its new subscription year with a two-week window to renew its membership, which ends on October 21.
The service will also begin its new streaming box-style subscription for the first time in the U.K. in September.
However, the streaming service is only available to Apple TV owners and Apple devices with iOS 6 or later.
The first-year subscription lasts two weeks.
In the U, the first-time subscription costs £29.99, and it can be cancelled anytime for an extra £15.99.
On top of the two-day renewal window, the service will continue to be available on iOS devices for five days after its end.
Netflix also recently announced that it will add a new way to pay for the service: a payment plan that allows users to make one-off payments of up to £15 a month for unlimited access to all of its shows, movies, and music, as well as a free trial period.
The new plan, dubbed the Netflix One Plus, will launch this fall in the UK, and in the coming weeks in the US and Germany.
Netflix said it is looking to build on its existing one-time-only streaming plan for its members, adding that it would like to expand to new countries.
What is Netflix subscription?
Netflix's membership model is unique among streaming media companies.
Users pay a monthly fee for access to the service.
However the monthly subscription does not come with a single set price, which is the way most of the major streaming services operate.
Instead, subscribers pay a fixed price based on their devices, which Netflix calls "the tier."
Each Netflix subscriber can have up to two Netflix streaming devices and can watch a limited number of movies and TV shows on those devices.
Users can also subscribe to multiple devices at the same time, or they can buy individual subscriptions for individual devices.
Netflix offers a single subscription for £9.99 per month, with access to 100 hours of video a month.
Each month, the monthly fee is based on the number of devices the subscriber has and the number hours they can watch each month.
If the subscriber wants to watch more, they can upgrade to a subscription that offers a higher-end price of up for £19.99 a month or more for unlimited hours of streaming.
The cost of the monthly Netflix membership is also determined by the device used to access the service, which in most cases is an Apple TV or Apple TV Pro.
The company also offers a subscription-based video service called Netflix Ultra.
However it is currently limited to U.k. customers and only available for Apple devices running iOS 6.9 or later and on Apple TV 4.7 or later or later, or Android smartphones running Android 4.4 or later (for a limited time).
Netflix also offers an Apple-branded streaming device called the "Netflix Box."
Netflix also sells the Roku TV.
For the moment, Netflix's streaming service in the United States is limited to Apple devices.
It's unclear whether Netflix plans to offer streaming devices in other countries, such as India and Brazil.
Will Netflix renew its subscription?
At this time, Netflix hasn't announced if it plans to extend its subscription period.
However there are indications that the streaming giant is considering the possibility of a new model for its streaming service.
The most recent round of talks between Netflix and Amazon to expand its streaming services in India and South Africa came to an end last week, according to The Wall Street Journal.
However Netflix still has to sign a contract with its existing subscribers in those countries before it can move forward with the deal.
Netflix will also have to make a decision about its future


text:
The problem of having to rewind every 20 minutes is easy to solve. As discussed in How Gear Ratios Work, you can create a high-ratio gear train that causes the drum to make perhaps one turn every six to 12 hours. This would give you a clock that you only had to rewind once a week or so. The gear ratio between the weight drum and the escapement gear might be something like 500:1, as shown in the diagram below:
In this diagram the escapement gear has 120 teeth, the pendulum has a period of half a second and the second hand is connected directly to the escapement gear. Each gear in the weight's gear train has an 8:1 ratio, so the full train's ratio is 492:1.
You can see that if you let the escapement gear itself drive another gear train with a ratio of 60:1, then you can attach the minute hand to the last gear in that train. A final train with a ratio of 12:1 would handle the hour hand. Presto! You have a clock.
Now this clock is nice, but it has two problems:
- The hour, minute and second hands are on different axes. That problem is generally solved by using tubular shafts on the gears and then arranging the gear trains so that the gears driving the hour, minute and second hands share the same axis. The tubular gear shafts are aligned one inside the other. Look closely at any clock face and you can see this arrangement.
- Because all of these gears are connected directly together, there is no easy way to rewind or set the clock. That is often handled by having a gear that can be slipped out of the train. When you pull on the stem of a wristwatch to set the watch, that is essentially what you are doing. In the figure above, you might imagine temporarily removing the small black gear to either wind or set the clock.
You can see that, even though all the gears in a clock make it look complicated, what a pendulum clock is doing is really pretty simple. There are five basic parts:
- Weight or spring - This provides the energy to turn the hands of the clock.
- Weight gear train - A high-ratio gear train gears the weight drum way up so that you don't have to rewind the clock very often.
- Escapement - Made up of the pendulum, the anchor and the escapement gear, the escapement precisely regulates the speed at which the weight's energy is released.
- Hand gear train - The train gears things down so the minute and hour hands turn at the right rates.
- Setting mechanism - This somehow disengages, slips or ratchets the gear train so the clock can be rewound and set.
Once you understand these pieces, clocks are a piece of cake!


text:
Exhibit: Walls that Speak: The Murals of Colorado
The exhibition, featuring murals from Denver Public Library's Western History Collection, will illustrate how Colorado's murals and muralists tell the state's history in a vibrant and compelling way. The murals displayed in Walls that Speak span the City Beautiful movement, the development of the Broadmoor Art Academy and subsequent Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, the Works Progress Administration era, the Chicano movement, and contemporary muralists.
The exhibition was made possible by collaboration between the Denver Public Library, curators Deborah Wadsworth and Megan Kemper, and book authors Georgia Garnsey and Mary Motian-Meadows. Other contributing institutions are the Kirkland Museum of Fine and Decorative Art, Denver, the Bailey Library and Archives of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, and individual collectors.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I just found out the hard way objects are passed by reference in Javascript, for example:
for(var layer = 0; layer < hudLayers['layers'].length; layer++){
 // Store the to-be-calculated values in this object
 var tempValues = hudLayers['layers'][layer];
 tempValues['name'] = 'test';
This will change the value in tempValues and hudLayers. (Seems kind of obvious, but a post without a bit of code seems so naked.)
Is there a quick way around this?
share|improve this question
You want to assign a value to tempValues and have it not reflected in the hudLayers? Why would you want that? – Abhinav Sarkar Jul 19 '10 at 19:30
You really want to know? :) hudLayers contains several variables of image widths and heights. It's a HUD, so it has to be drawn multiple times per second. What's in hudLayers is actually the "blueprint" (base the width of this image on the value of that variable,...) If I simply write that back to hudLayersthe blueprint is gone and the image on screen will always stay the same. – skerit Jul 19 '10 at 19:53
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3 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
This is not an example of passing by reference (you aren't passing any parameters). However, you're correct; assigning an object will not make a deep copy.
You can make a deep copy of an object like this:
function deepCopy(obj) {
 if (typeof obj!== "object") return obj;
 if (obj.constructor === RegExp) return obj;
 var retVal = new obj.constructor();
 for (var key in obj) {
 if (!obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue;
 retVal[key] = deepCopy(obj[key]);
 return retVal;
Note that if an object's constructor has any side-effects, this code will trigger them.
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There is no pass by reference in JavaScript. Objects are accessed through references and those references are assigned or passed passed by value, just like in Java
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Making a deep copy of an object is as simple as objCopy = obj.toSource();.
.toSource on MDN
share|improve this answer
I think toSource returns a string representation. Could set up a test case? – kapa Feb 7 '12 at 8:53
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Your Answer


text:
Teacher Recruitment and Retention
Launch date: 19/09/2019
Review status: Report published
What is the review about?
A review examining the successes and challenges faced by the Island in relation to recruiting and retaining teaching staff.
The Panel recently questioned the Minister for Education about the current vacancy rates in advance of the new academic year and found that 69 teachers had handed their noticed in as of 31 May 2019. Whilst most of these vacancies have now been filled, the Panel has agreed that it would be beneficial to examine the views of the teaching profession and the available data relating to recruitment and retention, to identify the successes and challenges for the Island. Whilst the review is not being carried out in direct response to the recent industrial action, it is hoped that it will help determine whether there are any underlying trends or issues that may have contributed to this.
Terms of reference
1. To examine the recruitment and retention figures for teaching staff over the past 5 years including, but not limited to:
- The number of staff that have left the profession;
- The number of staff that have retired and are due to retire in the next 5 years;
- The number of staff that have been recruited through any recruitment initiatives (i.e. Jersey Teacher Training Programme);
- The number of staff that have engaged in exit interviews.
2. To identify all Government of Jersey policies relating to the recruitment and retention of teaching staff and assess their effectiveness.
3. To gather and examine the views of stakeholders regarding the key challenges faced in recruiting and retaining teachers.


text:
April 09, 2008
JACKSON, Wyo., April 8, 2008 /PRNewswire/ -- Building green may be all the rage, but for Tom Ward you might say the challenge is building brown -- and literally, from the ground up. The architect-inventor holds the patent to EarthWall, a seismically-stable rammed earth construction process for sustainable building. The main component of EarthWall? It's clean, natural and available in abundance: plain old dirt.
Watching the six o'clock news one evening in 1999, Ward recognized an opportunity to save lives. During coverage of the aftermath of an earthquake in Turkey, the Wyoming architect noticed that some of the homes -- those built from the region's indigenous rammed earth technique -- sustained less damage than the structures built with more modern methods. Ward wondered how the ages-old technique might be made more stable -- eventually developing an innovative method of stabilizing the earthen walls with reinforced steel rods in a "rational structural post tensioning system" -- that effectively creates earthquake resistance in rammed earth structures.
A principal in Ward + Blake Architects, the Jackson, Wyoming architect pursued the idea and his brainstorm held up in tests performed by the University of Wyoming's Civil Engineering Department as the first seismically stable rammed earth wall. In 2006, he received a patent on the eco-friendly building system that could help people in Third World countries construct earthquake-resistant homes. His innovative new-yet-old building technology -- with the potential for worldwide application -- won Ward + Blake a Newton Foundation research grant.
"Fifty percent of the world's population lives in earthen houses, many of them in seismically active parts of the world," says Ward. "This strong, low-tech method could allow for the rebuilding of structures in areas ravaged by earthquakes -- or even for replacing existing structures to prevent future damage-without resorting to expensive, culturally foreign building systems."
"The aspect that is most exciting to me," Ward adds, "is the potential for the worldwide application of EarthWall. Perhaps if the process is one day adopted in Third World countries, it will save not only homes from collapsing -- but lives as well."


text:
+ 0.1, y = rev(y + 0.1)), labels = 1:((m + 1) * (n + 1)), cex = 0.6)
Figure 1: Simple spatial grid data frame.
Convert the grid to spatial polygons and overlay in plot (fig. 2). Leveling is specified with cut locations at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and z-values set equal to the midpoint between breakpoints. A "winding rule" is used to determine if a polygon ring is filled (island) or is a hole in another polygon.
at <- 1:ceiling(max(z, na.rm = TRUE)) plys <- Grid2Polygons(grd, level = TRUE, at = at) cols <- rainbow(length(plys), alpha = 0.3) sp::plot(plys, add = TRUE, col = cols) zz <- plys[] legend("top", legend = zz, fill = cols, bty = "n", xpd = TRUE, inset = c(0, -0.1), ncol = length(plys))
Figure 2: Simple gridded data represented with spatial polygons.
Apply the conversion function to the meuse data set, included in the sp package. The effect of leveling is shown in figure 3.
data(meuse.grid, package = "sp") sp::coordinates(meuse.grid) <- ~ x + y sp::gridded(meuse.grid) <- TRUE meuse.grid <- as(meuse.grid, "SpatialGridDataFrame") meuse.plys <- Grid2Polygons(meuse.grid, "dist", level = FALSE) op <- par(mfrow = c(1, 2), oma = rep(0, 4), mar = rep(0, 4)) sp::plot(meuse.plys, col = heat.colors(length(meuse.plys))) title("level = FALSE", line = -7) meuse.plys.lev <- Grid2Polygons(meuse.grid, "dist", level = TRUE) sp::plot(meuse.plys.lev, col = heat.colors(length(meuse.plys.lev))) title("level = TRUE", line = -7) par(op)


text: Within the framework of holography applied to condensed matter physics, we study a model of perturbatively charged disorder in D=4 dimensions. Starting from initially uncharged AdS_4, a randomly fluctuating boundary chemical potential is introduced by turning on a bulk gauge field parameterized by a disorder strength and a characteristic scale k_0. Accounting for gravitational backreaction, we construct an asymptotically AdS solution perturbatively in the disorder strength. The disorder averaged geometry displays unphysical divergences in the deep interior. We explain how to remove these divergences and arrive at a well behaved solution. The disorder averaged DC conductivity is calculated and is found to contain a correction to the AdS result. The correction appears at second order in the disorder strength and scales inversely with k_0. We discuss the extension to a system with a finite initial charge density. The disorder averaged DC conductivity may be calculated by adopting a technique developed for holographic lattices.


text:
Can someone help me work out the answer to this word problems?
1 - Based on information obtained from a sample of 40, a 95% confidence interval for the average profit level of regional banks is given by $65.83 million to $83.09 million. Determine the sample standard deviation of profit (in $mill correct to 2 decimal places).
2 - The manufacturers of Good-O use two different types of machines to fill their 25 kg packs of dried dog food. On the basis of random samples of size 12 and 14 from output from machines 1 and 2 respectively, the mean and standard deviation of the weight of the packs of dog food produced were found to be 23.623 kg and 0.252 kg for machine 1 and 24.711 kg and 0.382 kg for machine 2. Hence, under the usual assumptions, determine a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the average weight of the output produced by machine 1 and by machine 2. Construct the interval as the average weight of machine 1 less that of machine 2, stating only the lower limit of the interval correct to 3 decimal places.


text:
Dynamic and clear acoustics on stage with virtual technology
Don't underestimate the importance of musicians and singers being able to clearly hear each other during a performance. Sound on a typical stage, without the benefit of a traditional shell, is easily lost backstage and in the fly loft. When performers can't hear each other, they don't play together, and the performance suffers.
Wenger has partnered with HARMAN and Lexicon to incorporate the most advanced digital technology into the Virtuoso™ Acoustical Shell. Virtuoso uses microphones and speakers, along with powerful digital processors to create a virtual acoustical environment that dramatically improves what musicians and singer hear on stage. The result – an amazing acoustical space for your performers.
Its compact technology and components make it an ideal solution for stages where space constraints prohibit the use of a traditional shell structure.
Positioning yourself in the middle of an orchestra is the best seat in the house. Unfortunately only one person in the building gets to listen to the performance from that location – the conductor. For everyone else, including the musicians, what they hear greatly diminishes due to distance, obstructions, building materials, building shape, etc.
That's where an acoustical shell excels – mixing and projecting the sound back at the performers and out into the audience. The difference dramatic and amazing.
Wenger offers an acoustic solution for just about any performance environment. Determining the ideal solution for your space and needs is the first critical step. The solution can be a passive one, an active one, or a combination of both.
Traditional/physical shell structures are what we call "Passive" acoustics. Their shape and special materials reflect sound to performers and audience so it doesn't get lost backstage or in the flyloft. Their benefits include:
Electronic assistance to your acoustics using microphones, speakers and a sophisticated processing system. The benefits include:
Please contact your sales representative for ordering information.


text:
While developing the emulator I needed to debug stuff. Besides the pspautotests project that allowed me to verify some behaviours, I need to stop the execution of the emulator in several places, and to trace stuff. Also I needed to debug webgl and to detect which parts of the emulator to optimize.
The simplest way of debugging:
Collapsable groups and tables, helped a lot for testing:
Chrome's profiler helped a lot in determining slow functions:
Stopping the execution in some conditions:
debugger; keyword (that I didn't know before starting the emulator) helped was a very valuable tool that allowed me to determine some problems. I was able to use that keyword in functions I made, but also in generated code; that includes CPU generated functions, and vertex decoding. Also browsers have a console, that allows you to execute code and view internals, while debugging or while running. So I was able to call stuff like "emulator.threadManager.threads.elements" or evaluate expressions while in a breakpoint.
And for debugging webgl, there was a very useful project: WebGL Inspector.


text:
If there is foam and soap powder residue in washing machine, refer to the suggestions below for step by step instructions.
The reason for foam in the washing machine is soap or another agent that has got into the machine.
- Foam is not a malfunction in your washing machine.
When your washing machine foams a lot, this may be due to:
- Adding too much soap
- A build up of soap powder residue in the machine caused by a adding too much soap and wash at low temperature.
- Capacity of the soap to prevent foam – soap type
- Washing the fabric with soap powder residue, e.g. cleaning rags with dishwashing detergent and similar
What you can do:
- Clean the machine – run repeated washes at the highest temperature without soap, until it does not produce any more foam.
- Clean the machine with washing machine cleaner. You may need to do this several times.
- Carefully follow the soap powder manufacturer's instructions on dosing
- Wash using a different brand of soap
- Run a boil wash regularly
- Use the extra rinse function
- Use cycles intended for the type of clothing
You may consider contacting the soap manufacturer for further advice and instructions for using the soap.
Foam in the washing machine is obviously not covered by warranty, as it is not a machine fault.
Examples of foam formation:


text:
Does Science Allow for the Supernatural and Miracles?
Appendix A – Does Science Allow for the Supernatural and Miracles?
Some people think the miraculous is impossible, and use science as a justification for this claim. The miraculous could be miracles from God, or worked through Holy angels. Or the miraculous can come in the form of false signs, miracles and wonders from fallen angels.
The goal of the following, is to show the miraculous abilities of God, Holy and fallen angels are allowed by science, using modern physics terminology and theories. This is towards being about to explain how they might do such things, from a modern physics perspective.
The main point of doing this is to show that modern science does not preclude the existence of the miraculous. I believe modern science actually completely allows for either God or angels of either kind to work miracles without violating the laws of science, and for the existence of angels and their Biblically described abilities. The science involved is all just theoretical, mainly secular theories, and I do not claim any of it is correct, though much of it is accepted as such by some people.
How the Miraculous Does Not Conflict with Modern Science Theories
All of the categories of angelic Visions would be called supernatural events. There are some words in the Bible to describe the "supernatural" activities of God, Holy angels, and fallen angels.
Greek – signs "semeion" (4592), wonders "teras" (5059), and miracles "dynamis" (1411). These same 3 words are all used in the context of:
1. God – the power of God in signs, wonders, and miracles that God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit through the gift of miracles, as seen throughout the Bible
2. Holy Angels – Holy angels. (Acts 2:22, 5:12, 2 Peter 2:11, Heb 2:4)
3. Fallen angels, of the dragon and beast, and the "3 evil spirits like frogs". (Matt 24:24, 2 Thess 2:9, Rev 13:2, 14, 16:14)
From the Bible it is clear that God in His three persons, Holy angels, and also Fallen angels, are all capable of performing signs, wonders, and miracles. How, in physics terminology, might God work signs, wonders, and miracles?
Gen 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Eph 3:18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what [is] the breadth, and length, and depth, and height
Rev 1:8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
According to modern science, we live in an observably 4 dimensional universe. The universe is made of space(3) + and time(1) dimensions, which equal the Spacetime we can see. God made all the 3 dimensions of space that we see (length, width, and height), when God "created the heavens and the earth". (Eph 3:18 also references to the "depth" which compares more the size or extent or full scope of something.) God made the dimension of time "in the beginning", which marked the creation of time itself, the dimension of time as we know it. God is eternal, and having made time itself, God is outside of time, and was here before time was created. God has complete authority and control over the dimension of time. God also made the three dimensions of space that we can see, and is also outside of them. So, God made it all, and is outside of the entire universe, having created it.
Above I use the term "dimension" as it is referred to in science. To quote Wikipedia,
"In physical terms, dimension refers to the constituent structure of all space (cf. volume) and its position in time (perceived as a scalar dimension along the t-axis), as well as the spatial constitution of objects within —structures that have correlations with both particle and field conceptions, interact according to relative properties of mass, and which are fundamentally mathematical in description. These or other axes may be referenced to uniquely identify a point or structure in its attitude and relationship to other objects and events. Physical theories that incorporate time, such as general relativity, are said to work in 4-dimensional "space-time", (defined as a Minkowski space). Modern theories tend to be "higher-dimensional" including quantum field and string theories. The state-space of quantum mechanics is an infinite-dimensional function space." – Dimension, Wikipedia
This use of the term "dimension" should not be confused with the science fiction concept of a "parallel universe". Again to quote Wikipedia on the term "Dimension",
"Science fiction texts often mention the concept of dimension, when really referring to parallel universes, alternate universes, or other planes of existence. This usage is derived from the idea that to travel to parallel/alternate universes/planes of existence one must travel in a direction/dimension besides the standard ones. In effect, the other universes/planes are just a small distance away from our own, but the distance is in a fourth (or higher) spatial (or non-spatial) dimension, not the standard ones."
The "parallel universe" concept in science fiction actually is very different from the use of the term "dimension" in science, as you can see above. In theory, a "parallel universe" would also have 3 spatial dimensions (length, width, height) and a time dimension. That means a "parallel universe" in theory actually has 4 dimensions of its own. Additionally the assumption is that there is a 5thdimension to our universe which would be used to allow travel to the parallel world, which has its own 4 dimensions.
It would not be accurate to say a "parallel universe" uses the same 4 dimensions that our universe has, because by definition a "universe" is everything that is. So a "parallel universe" would have to have its own construct of dimensions which define its reality and cosmological structure, and not just borrow use of the dimensions inherit in our own universe. This is of course all fictional theories that come from science fiction, which has nothing to do with actual science. And I want to clarify this, as any statement that science has straight theories on "other dimensions" does NOT have anything to do with the science fiction concept of "parallel universes". If science were to find some evidence of observation of a "5th dimension" inherent in our universe, this has nothing to do with a "parallel universe". The term "dimension" is a science term first, and has been misleadingly borrowed by science fiction in such a way that its meaning is construed.
The Bible teaches that "in the beginning" God made the "heavens and the earth", and that at the end of the 6th day God " saw every thing that He had made, and, behold, [it was] very good…Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them." Gen 1:31,2:1.
This means that in making the heavens and the earth, and the host of them, God made everything that He made. There isn't anything else besides what God made, and there is no mention made of any other universe besides the entirety of the universe we know which God made. So there actually are no "parallel universes" and the concept itself contradicts the Bible, as this universe is all God is said to have made, and is well-defined by the Bible. God made the heavens and the earth, and these terms are well-defined, and there is nothing more that God made besides the heavens and the Earth, and the host of them.
We know what the Earth is, but beyond this there are multiple heaven(s) that God made, and the Bible defines each of them for us.
The first heaven is the sky or atmosphere, and is where the rain comes from and where the birds fly. (Gen 1:7-8, Jer 4:25, Rev 19:17, Deut 11:17, 28:12, Jud 5:4, Acts 14:17)
The second heaven is outer-space, where the sun and moon, and all the stars, planets, and galaxies are located. (Jer 8:2, Isa 13:10)
The third heaven is where God dwells, where God's throne is, and this is where the angels are who are in heaven. (1 Kin 8:30, Psa 2:4, 11:4, Isa 66:1, 2 Ch 18:18, Matt 5:16) The third heaven is also called the "highest heaven" or the "heaven of heavens". It is called the "heaven of heavens" because it is the heaven of the first and second heavens. (1 Kin 8:27, Deut 10:14)
And so the Earth, the atmosphere (first heaven), outer-space (second heaven), and where God's throne and the angels in heaven dwell (third heaven) is all the areas that exist in all of God's creation. None of these are a "parallel universe", and so the Bible does not describe any "parallel universes" to exist. Rather, the Bible's thorough defining of the entirety of creation actually precludes the existence of anything along the lines of the concept of a "parallel universe".
All that being said, using the term "dimensions" in a science context, (spatial length


Soroptimist International of Europe
Centenary Award 2021 Guidelines
The Centenary Award 2021 has been created to recognise an outstanding Soroptimist or a group of Soroptimists who through their current or past work made a difference to their club, union or community and whose activity uniquely exemplifies standing up for women or women's rights.
This one-time-only Award will be presented during the SIE Centenary event in Krakow on 2nd July 2021.
The Awardee(s) should cover one of the following fields of activity:
 1. Access to Education
 2. Elimination of Gender-Related Violence and Discrimination
 3. Women's Rights and Justice
 4. Women & Leadership
 5. Economic Empowerment
The Award will consist of:
 1. A certificate signed by the SIE President and the Chair of the Jury
 2. A sculpture designed by Anne-Marie ADAM, a former Soroptimist from Belgium, living in France
 3. € 5.000, - financial reward
The Awardee will be invited to the SIE Centenary event to receive her prize. Her travel expenses and hotel accommodation will be covered by SIE. In the case the Award is presented to a group of women rather than one Soroptimist, the group will designate the individual who will represent them.
Criteria for decision
The following criteria will be taken into consideration, and at least three of them should be fulfilled:
 1. Long-term, sustainable and exemplary work
 2. Sense of responsibility, dedication to a cause
 3. Altruism / Selflessness
 4. Transparency and tolerance
The Centennial Committee will propose a pre-selection of approximately 5 to 10 suitable candidates from all applicants for the '100 years – 100' Soroptimists' to the chair of the Centenary Award Jury.
The Centenary Award Jury, chaired by the SIE Immediate Past President and four SIE Past Presidents, will select the Awardee for the Centenary Award, based on the recommendation of aforesaid Committee.
Financial Reward
The Reward of € 5.000 is for a specific project to be presented by the Awardee to the Centenary Award Jury in accordance with the Mission and Vision of Soroptimist International.


ICRC databases on international humanitarian law
 - Print page
 In accordance with article 3, paragraph 2 of the Optional Protocol, the United Mexican States declares:
 i) That the minimum age for voluntary recruitment of its nationals into the armed forces is 18 years;
 ii) That article 24 of the Military Service Act provides that only volunteers will be accepted into the armed forces for active service until the figure set annually by the Ministry of Defence has been met and provided that the following conditions are fulfilled:
 I. They must submit an application;
 II. They must be Mexican nationals who are over 18 but not over 30, and must be under 40 in the case of personnel enlisted as specialists in the army;
 Those over 16 and under 18 shall be accepted into signals units for training as technicians under contracts with the State not exceeding five years in duration. Moreover, under article 25 of the Military Service Act, only the following persons may be accepted for early enlistment in the armed forces:
 I. Those who wish to leave the country at the time when they would be required by law to undertake military service if they are over 16 at the time of requesting enlistment;
 II. Those who are obliged to request early enlistment because of their studies.
 The maximum number of individuals who may be allowed to enlist early shall be set every year by the Ministry of Defence.
15.03.2002, 28.05.2013


NAME Template::Flute::PDF - PDF generator for HTML templates VERSION Version 0.0041 SYNOPSIS $flute = new Template::Flute (specification_file => 'invoice.xml', template_file => 'invoice.html', values => \%values); $flute->process(); $pdf = new Template::Flute::PDF (template => $flute->template(), file => 'invoice.pdf'); $pdf->process(); DESCRIPTION Template::Flute::PDF is a PDF generator based on Template::Flute and PDF::API2. UNITS Template::Flute::PDF uses the pt unit internally. In addition, the following units are supported and automatically converted by this module: in An inch converts to 72 pt. cm A centimeter converts to approximately 28.3 pt. mm A millimeter converts to approximately 2.8 pt. px A pixel converts to 1 pt. CONSTRUCTOR new Create a Template::Flute::PDF object with the following parameters: template Template::Flute::HTML object. file PDF output file. page_size Page size for the PDF (default: A4). html_base Base directory for HTML resources like images and stylesheets. Margin parameters margin_top Top margin, defaults to 20. margin_right Right margin, defaults to 20. margin_bottom Bottom margin, defaults to 50. margin_left Left margin, defaults to 20. METHODS process Processes HTML template and creates PDF file. set_page_size Sets the page size for the PDF. select_page PAGE_NUM Selects page with the given PAGE_NUM. Creates new page if necessary. content_height Returns the height of the content part of the page. content_width Returns the width of the content part of the page. font NAME [weight] [style] Returns PDF::API2 font object for font NAME, WEIGHT and STYLE are optional. text_filter TEXT Adjusts whitespace in TEXT for output in PDF. setup_text_props ELT SELECTOR [INHERIT] Determines text properties for HTML template element ELT, CSS selector SELECTOR and INHERIT flag. calculate ELT [PARAMETERS] Calculates width and height for HTML template element ELT. check_out_of_bounds POS DIM Check whether we are out of bounds with position POS and dimensions DIM. textbox ELT TEXT PROPS BOX ATTRIBUTES Adds textbox for HTML template element ELT to the PDF. hline SPECS HPOS VPOS LENGTH WIDTH Add horizontal line to PDF. borders X_LEFT Y_TOP WIDTH HEIGHT Adds borders to the PDF. rect X_LEFT Y_TOP X_RIGHT Y_BOTTOM COLOR Adds rectangle to the PDF. locate_image Determines location of an image file from the 'src' HTML attribute. $imgfile = $pdf->locate_image('images/cart.png'); The location is based on the current directory, or on the 'html_base' constructor parameter if the 'src' HTML attribute contains a single file name only. image OBJECT HPOS VPOS WIDTH HEIGHT Add image OBJECT to the PDF. begin_transform Starts transformation of current content object. end_transform Ends transformation of current content object. FUNCTIONS to_points [DEFAULT_UNIT] Converts widths to points, default unit is mm. SUPPORTED HTML/CSS SYNTAX This is an incomplete list of supported HTML/CSS syntax. HTML tags font-weight The values "normal" and "bold" are supported. style The HTML attribute "style" is not supported. AUTHOR Stefan Hornburg (Racke), BUGS Certainly a lot, as converting from HTML to PDF is quite complicated and challenging. Please report any unknown bugs or feature requests to 'bug-template-flute-pdf at', or through the web interface at KNOWN BUGS Background color Using background color hides text. Vertical align We currently support only aligning to top or bottom of the available space. This is in contradiction to HTML, where the default vertical align is baseline (of the text). SUPPORT You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command. perldoc Template::Flute::PDF You can also look for information at: * RT: CPAN's request tracker * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation * CPAN Ratings * Search CPAN LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT Copyright 2010-2012 Stefan Hornburg (Racke). This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License. See for more information.


text: COMPARE THE MALE CHARACTERS IN THE TWO POEMS. COURSEWORK ESSAY Between 500 -1000 words. The first paragraph should tell the reader which poems and which author, and mention the title as the subject of the essay. STRUCTURE – make a point, then use a quotation to support your point, then go on to explain your point. Look at THEME RHYME METAPHOR PERSONIFICATION ATMOSPHERE IMAGERY SYMBOLISM EMOTIVE WORDS Points to write about – What we find out in the poems about the setting, the worlds they come from. One is rich and luxurious. The other? In each case who is the man addressing in the poem. Their attitudes towards the women -Both men are possessive, but in different ways. How does this manifest. Both are passionate and want to 'own' the women. How does each man describe the woman in the poem – what can we tell about his character and his emotions from his description of her. Porphyria's lover is very emotional and passionate – describe, explain, quotations - how does this lead to her death. How emotional is the Duke? Describe in detail again. How does this lead to the death of the Duchess. One death is clearly described, one is more ambiguous. Is either death justified? What does each man do after the woman is killed. Different reactions – describe and explain. What do these differing reactions tell us about their states of mind, their guilt.. Describe the ending of each poem The last paragraph should refer back to the title of the essay and form the conclusion.


"The Segovia
 of the Stick"
The Stick
"What is it?"
The Stick, invented by Emmett Chapman in 1974 is a 10 or 12 string touchboard. The instrument is built around the idea of tapping with the fingertips of both hands, parallel to the strings, to produce a full range of sounds. The construction, from the strings & pickup to the vertical playing position are centered around this innovative style of playing.
The three main components are the strings, frets, and the pickup. The sound is created by the pickup "hearing" the vibration of the strings and sending the sound to an amplifier, very much how a microphone does a persons voice. The instrument is similar to an electric guitar in its physical construction.
How do the strings vibrate?
The strings are hammered with the players fingertips between the frets. When the string hits the fret the momentum of the string causes it to vibrate. Another way to look at it is, if I were to pick the string, I would pull it to the side and release it, causing it to vibrate back & forth. When I hammer down onto the string it vibrates up & down instead of side to side. This is why the sound is similar to a guitar or harp. You are hearing string vibrations. However, the sound is somewhat unique because of the way the strings are sounded and the layout of the tuning.
How is it tuned?
The standard tuning for the Stick is in two parts. On the right half the range is that of a guitar. On the left side you have the bass and middle tones covered. Click here to see the notes of the various tunings.
What is the actual construction of the Stick?
The body is made of various types of hardwood. The pickup is stereo, one side for the guitar range and the other pickup is for the strings on the left side. Click here to see a diagram of the instrument.
Is there an acoustic version of the Stick?
In 2002 the first acoustic Stick was created, properly named the Acoustic. My CD, AcouStick Dawn was the the first recording of such instrument. Click here for more info on the Acoustic.
For more information about the Stick, visit Emmett Chapman's website.
About the Acoustick...
© 2009-2010 Stickmusic


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Middle-class journeys: A comparative study of the residential and housing outcomes of Caribbean Latino, Black, and White native New Yorkers
Middle-Class Journeys: A Comparative Study of the Residential and Housing Outcomes of Caribbean Latino, Black, and White Native New Yorkers Dissertation directed by Clara Rodriguez, Ph.D. and E. Doyle McCarthy. Ph.D. Residence is an indicator of middle-class status in an qualitative study conducted of 57 Caribbean Latino and non-Hispanic Black and White native New Yorkers. This study centered on how respondents felt they were being treated in the housing market and in their residential searches, how they interacted with people in their neighborhoods and how they felt about their class standing in society. Class, race and ethnicity were found to influence housing choices and outcomes. The study compared respondents' (1.) residential aspirations and preferences, (2.) ideas about social mobility, and (3.) experiences with discrimination, segregation, gentrification, and homeownership. The study found that Caribbean Latino and Black respondents were remarkably similar in these three areas in contrast to Whites. Many of them were the first in their families to attain middle-class status, while most White respondents came from middle-class backgrounds. These different class backgrounds revealed disparities in where respondents came to reside and in their rates of homeownership. Whites described how they were supported by their parents' wealth and assets, making homeownership in New York City both easier and more accessible for them. In contrast, the ion-White counterparts opted to purchase homes outside of New York City: Latinos and Blacks also reported difficulties identifying as "middle-class" and reported on the strategies they used to navigate the foreclosure and current housing crisis. Being middle-class in income and occupation did not shield Caribbean Latino or Black respondents from housing discrimination. For, despite their "middle-class status, race and ethnicity worked against them in their middle-class journeys for home ownership. ^
African American Studies|Black Studies|Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies|Hispanic American Studies
Judith A Perez,
"Middle-class journeys: A comparative study of the residential and housing outcomes of Caribbean Latino, Black, and White native New Yorkers"
(January 1, 2011).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


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A BIRD WITH A THERMOMETER?
Youíve had your temperature taken, right? But, have you ever heard of a bird with a built-in thermometer? There is a bird living in Australia that has oneóand its thermometer is far more accurate than the one used to measure your temperature! It is called the mallee fowl and it is yet another example of Godís wisdom.
When the time arrives for the female to lay her eggs, she doesnít fly to the top of a tree. Instead, the male bird digs a pit in the ground and piles a large mound of sticks and leaves in the pit. He covers the leaves and sticks with sand. When heís finished, the mound may be as high as four feet! With the sand on top, the leaves begin to rot, which produces heat. The male makes a hole in the top of the mound into which the female lays an egg. The male covers the egg. About a week later, the male will make another hole and the female will lay another egg. They will do this until there are about 18 eggs in the nest.
The female stays away from the nest except to lay eggs. The male does most of the work. Several times a day, he pokes his beak into the mixture of leaves and sand. He sticks out his tongue, which is such a good thermometer that it can measure temperature changes of as little as 1/10th of a degree! If the temperature is too low, he adds more sand. If the temperature is too high (which would kill the baby birds growing in the eggs), he scratches away some of the leaves and sand with his feet.
Finally, after about seven weeks, the young birds begin to hatch and dig their way out of the sand and leaves. The parents donít help, or care for, their baby birds. The newborn babies are designed to care for themselves!
How does the mallee fowl know to prepare the right mixture of sand and leaves? And how does the male know exactly the right temperature for the eggs? And who gave him the "thermometer" tongue that measures temperatures so accurately? Some people want you to believe that these things happened by accident through the process called evolution. But this is not a good answer. Instead, we should give God the credit for such wonderful things. After all, the Bible says that He even takes care of the small sparrows on the Earth (Matthew 10:29). The mallee fowl of Australia is just one more example of Godís wonderful creation!


Internet access can be a pain in the rear for people living in rural areas, but a solution could be high in the sky.
According to the New Zealand Herald, Google has been testing a new Internet technology by floating large WiFi balloons over various locations in New Zealand to see if it is a better method for gaining Internet access in remote areas of the world. The technology is cheaper than laying down fiber cables or other methods of Internet distribution, which makes it an intriguing option.
Google Balloon Internet better known as Project Loon sent large helium-filled balloons up to 20 kilometers into the stratosphere that would receive a signal from an antenna attached to the user's home. The signal bounces between balloons to a main ground station. Eventually the signal would be sent back to an Internet user's computer on the ground.
The first person to utilize this technology was Charles Nimmo, a dairy farmer near the small town of Leeston.
He was one of 50 people in the area who signed up to participate in the Project Loon experience.
"It's been weird," said Nimmo of the project. "But it's been exciting to be part of something new."
Prior to the research project Nimmo had been using satellite Internet services after abandoning dial-up access four years ago. He sees the new technology as being a better alternative than satellite because the cost should be reduced. Nimmo's satellite bill has exceeded $1,000 in a month before.
Like many farmers the very first thing Nimmo did when he had Internet access was to look at the weather.


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How a leaf beetle walks underwater
Posted by Xeno on August 11, 2012
Insects are experts when it comes to adhesion on dry surfaces. However, in nature, plants may be covered by water for quite a long period of time, especially after rain. The bionic expert Professor Stanislav Gorb of Kiel University, Germany, and the material scientist Professor Naoe Hosoda of the National Institute for Material Science in Japan, discovered the remarkable ability of the terrestrial leaf beetle to walk underwater. Picking up the beetle's locomotion mechanism, they designed an artificial material, which sticks to surfaces underwater.
Their scientific results are published August 8 in the online journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
"It was a productive collaboration with Naoe Hosoda," states Gorb. "It is commonly known that adhesion between two solids in air can be produced with the help of water. Just like paper that sticks to table when it gets wet." The liquid surface tension between air, liquids and solids is called capillary force. In order to stick to dry surfaces insects use such capillary forces with the aid of their oil-covered adhesive setae instead of water.
"The same principle under water remains an exciting perspective, because without air there is no capillary force. The beetle shows us how to do it. It takes air bubbles under water," explains Gorb. The beetles use air bubbles trapped between their adhesive setae to produce the needed boundary between air, liquids and solids, and thus produce capillary adhesion under water. A necessary condition for this process is some hydrophobic property of the solid. But this is no problem in nature since many leaf tops are water-repellent to some degree, explains the Kiel scientist.
Gorb: "Inspired by this idea, we have designed an artificial silicone polymer structure with underwater adhesive properties." The challenge was to find a possibility to keep air within the material. The solution was a micro structure which produces a material that is sticky underwater without using glue. Probable fields of application can be found in underwater optics or any other kind of underwater technologies.
via Science Daily | How a leaf beetle walks underwater.


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Cartographic paper sculptures reveal global Cities' history by Matthew Picton
UK-based artist Matthew Picton uses strips of paper to construct maps of cities from around the world. The Londoner's sculptural creations use both historic and fictional texts to produce cartographic representations of multicultural cities like Las Vegas, Dresden, Tehran, and Venice. The materials used are reflective of each respective culture, from literary and religious texts to sheet music and DVD film covers.
More than simply lining out the aerial urban landscape of each site, Picton also creatively reflects the historical scene of certain locations that have dealt with disasters, especially those pertaining to fires. The Great Fire of London in 1666 is represented by the burnt pages of Daniel Defoe's The Plague Years. Similarly, Picton has ignited several of his paper cities to reflect their own fire-related tragedies. Taking the interpretation a step further, the artist constructed his scorched Lower Manhattan piece out of headlines following the aftermath of the World Trade Center bombings.
(Spotted on MyModernMetropolis)


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You need to start by having a csv file with your calendar events. If you were migrated from Office-Logic Interchange and requested your Webscheduler to be moved, the Information Technology department would have sent you a csv file as an attachment. Save that file in a location known to you, then follow the steps below to import those calendar items into Google calendar.
To import events from iCalendar or CSV files, just follow these steps:
- Click the Add down-arrow button at the bottom of the calendar list on the left side of the page, and select Import Calendar.
- Click Browse and choose the file that contains your events, then click Open.
- Select the Google Calendar where you'd like to import events, then click Import.
Please note that recurring events may not be recognized when importing events from CSV files. In this case, individual items will be created for recurring events that fall between the dates you've selected.


How many member states will the European Union have in 2025?
The European Union has 27 member states (as of May 2020). The last change in the number was the exit of Great Britain.
Currently, Five countries registered their interest to become a member of the EU. Turkey (applied in 1987), North Macedonia (applied in 2004), Montenegro (applied in 2008), Albania (applied in 2009), and Serbia (applied in 2009). Turkey accession talks are currently at a standstill; the other four countries are actively negotiating conditions of the entry.
On the other side, Great Britain showed the way out of the EU. The mechanism of how to exit the EU officially does not exist, but Great Britain set a precedent.
In your opinion, how many countries will be part of the European Union in 2025?
How many member states will European Union have in 2025?
Share the details who will be in and why in the comments section below.
Leave a Reply


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Fruit and Vegetable Printing
- Various fruit and vegetables
- Paring knife
- Print pad or stamp pad
- Cut fruits and vegetables into halves, quarters, circles, or any other shapes, dip into tempera paints or on a print or stamp pad, and then press onto plain or colored paper.
- Apples cut in half will have a star design in the middle (where the seeds are), while green peppers make a great shamrock design.
- Cut a potato in half and use a small paring knife to create a relief design: circles, squares, hearts, and so on.
- If you make letters, don't forget to carve them backwards so they will print correctly.
More on: Activities for Preschoolers
Copyright Â© 1998 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Preschooler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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Objective: Social interactions in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inappropriate and such social problems may originate from a failure to attend to the appropriate cues of affect. The present study aimed to determine the factors predictive of social reciprocity in ADHD and their relationship to sociodemographics.
Materials and Methods: Participants were required to interpret emotional cues depicted in pictures of facial expressions with a test that was adopted from the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Diagnoses were established based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL). Moreover, a detailed sociodemographic form, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Social Reciprocity Scale (SRS) were used for assessment.
Results: This study included 133 children; 64 in the ADHD group and 69 in the control group. There wasn't a significant difference in mean age between the ADHD group (13.22 ± 1.28 years) and control group (12.97 ± 1.27 years). In all, 50% of the ADHD group and 49.3% of the control group were male. The mean RMET score was significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group (ADHD group: 20.52 ± 3.95; control group: 23.70 ± 3.55) and the mean SRS score was significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (ADHD group: 65.84 ± 18.83; control group: 36.04 ± 16.32). In the ADHD group attention problems and lower level of ability to interpret emotional facial expressions were predictive of impaired social reciprocity.
Conclusion: The findings show that both the ability to decode facial expressions and social reciprocity were impaired in the ADHD group. These findings highlight the difficulty children with ADHD have with social functioning and interpretation of emotions based on facial expressions.
Keywords: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, child, social problems, comorbidity


Using URL values for the cursor property Redirect 2
Gecko 1.8 (Firefox 1.5, SeaMonkey 1.0) supports URL values for the CSS cursor property on Windows and Linux. Mac support was added in Gecko 2 (Firefox 4). This allows specifying arbitrary images as mouse cursors — any image format supported by Gecko can be used.
The basic (CSS 2.1) syntax for this property is:
cursor: [,]* keyword
This means that zero or more URLs may be specified (comma-separated), which must be followed by one of the keywords defined in the CSS specification, such as auto or pointer.
For example, the following value would be allowed:
cursor: url(foo.cur), url(, auto;
This will first try loading foo.cur. If that file does not exist or is not valid for some other reason, bar.gif is tried, and if that can't be used either, auto will be used.
Support for the CSS 3 syntax for cursor values got added in Gecko 1.8 (Firefox 1.5):
cursor: [ [ ]?,]* keyword
It allows specifying the coordinates of the cursor's hotspot, which will be clamped to the boundaries of the cursor image. If none are specified, the coordinates of the hotspot are read from the file itself (for CUR and XBM files) or are set to the top left corner of the image. An example of the CSS3 syntax is:
.foo {
 cursor: auto;
.bar {
 cursor: pointer;
/* fallsback onto 'auto' and 'pointer' in IE, but must be set separately */
The first number is the x-coordinate, and the second number is the y-coordinate. The example will set the hotspot to be the pixel at (4,12) from the top left (0,0).
All image formats supported by Gecko can be used. This means that you can use PNG, GIF, JPG, BMP, CUR, etc. images. ANI is not supported. An animated PNG or GIF will not create an animated cursor.
Note: Starting with Gecko 2.0 (Firefox 4 / Thunderbird 3.3 / SeaMonkey 2.1), Gecko also supports the SVG image format for cursors. However, the SVG image must contain a length-valued (not percentage-valued) height and width on its root SVG node. JavaScript, CSS animation, and declarative SMIL inside an SVG image are ignored; you can't use SVG to create an animated cursor, for example.
In Gecko (Firefox) the limit of the cursor size is 128×128px. Larger cursor images are ignored. However, you should limit yourself to the size 32×32 for maximum compatibility with operating systems and platforms.
(Due to a bug in Gecko 1.9.2-, Firefox 3.6-3.6.6 on Windows limits to 32x32px. This is fixed in later versions.)
URL values as cursors are supported in Windows, OS/2, and Linux (when using GTK+ 2.4 or better) releases of Mozilla. Mac OS X support was added with Gecko 2 (Firefox 4).
Compatibility with other browsers
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 also supports URI values for the cursor property. However:
 - IE only supports CUR and ANI as formats.
 - IE doesn't support the CSS 3 syntax with x- and y-coordinates. The cursor image, and the rest of the property, are ignored.
Browser Lowest version formats (e.g.) x-y-coordinates
Internet Explorer 6.0.cur |.ani ---
Firefox (Gecko), Windows and Linux 1.5 (1.8).cur |.png |.gif |.jpg 1.5 (1.8)
Firefox (Gecko) 4.0 (2.0).cur |.png |.gif |.jpg |.svg (Gecko 2.0)
Opera --- --- ---
Safari (Webkit) 3.0 (522-523).cur |.png |.gif |.jpg 3.0 (522-523)
Since OS X 10.5 supports Safari (Mac).cur files
Document Tags and Contributors
 Last updated by: Sheppy,


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UNCOVERING SCHOOL CULTURE: A STUDY OF JOINT EXPLORATION THROUGH ITERATIVE INTERVIEWING
The concept of organizational culture has been receiving a growing amount of attention in education as well as in business. In this emphasis devising a means for uncovering culture becomes a special concern. Edgar H. Schein developed a definition of culture and then designed a method for uncovering it. Schein defined culture as a pattern of basic assumptions which focuses on external adaptation and internal integration issues. An example of an external adaptation issue deals with determining the organization's main purpose. An example of an internal integration issue is how power and status are obtained. The assumptions about the external adaptation and internal integration issues become taken-for-granted and are used to orient new members to their work and to the organization. By uncovering organizational culture, some important information can be learned and understood, for example, the purpose of the organization, the ways the purpose is achieved, and personal relations within the organization. If the personnel of an organization learn its culture, they then can plan improvements. The major question addressed in this research study was the following: Is Schein's method of uncovering organizational culture suitable for uncovering a portion of the culture of a Lutheran elementary school? Schein's 10-step method of uncovering culture--joint exploration through iterative interviewing--utilizes repetitive personal interviews as its main means of obtaining cultural information. In addition, on-site observation is used to gather data. Schein used his method successfully as he uncovered the culture of several business organizations. The question than arose whether school culture could be uncovered by replicating Schein's 10-step method. The purpose, then, of this research study was to test the suitability of Schein's method for uncovering culture in three Lutheran elementary schools. Schein's 10-step method was replicated in three school settings. By using Schein's method, a portion of the culture of those three schools was uncovered. The study demonstrated that Schein's method was suitable for uncovering culture in three Lutheran elementary schools.
LEDELL DARWIN PLATH,
"UNCOVERING SCHOOL CULTURE: A STUDY OF JOINT EXPLORATION THROUGH ITERATIVE INTERVIEWING"
(January 1, 1987).
Dissertations (1962 - 2010) Access via Proquest Digital Dissertations.


What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made? | 24 Mantra
how is jaggery made
What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made?
Organic Food
Jaggery or Gur, as it is called in Hindi, has emerged as an amazing substitute to refined sugar. It is an unrefined non-centrifugal form of sugar that is widely consumed in Asia and certain parts of the Americas.
Aside from its sweetening properties, there are numerous health benefits of jaggery consumption regularly, and this fact has driven hordes of people to opt for jaggery in their diets instead of refined sugar.
It is an excellent substitute for refined sugar and also contains a host of nutrients and minerals. Moreover, the roasted woody aroma of jaggery has made it highly popular for use in many Indian sweets.
Around 70% of the global jaggery production happens in India. Typically, it is produced using the sugarcane juice but jaggery produced using palm juice is also common in a few countries.
If you are wondering how is jaggery made exactly, this post might clear up a few things for you. Moving forward, we will have a look at all the intricacies involved in jaggery production and how can you make jaggery at home. But first, let's have a look at the nutritional profile of jaggery.
Jaggery Nutritional Profile
When compared to regular refined sugar, jaggery has an impressive nutrient profile. Refined sugar only has empty calories that have almost zero nutritional value, but jaggery is rich in essential nutrients such as Iron, Potassium and Calcium.
This makes jaggery an excellent choice for health-conscious individuals who want a bit of nutritional value from the sweeteners they consume. Below is a comparison chart of the nutrient constituents of jaggery and refined sugar sourced from FatSecret:
Nutrient Value Per 100g Value Per 100g
Energy 383 Kcal 387 Kcal
Fat 0g 0g
Saturated Fat 0g 0g
Monounsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Carbohydrates 98.96g 99.98g
Sugar 98.13g 99.91g
Fibre 0g 0g
Protein 0.09g 0g
Sodium 3mg 0mg
Cholesterol 0mg 0mg
Potassium 31mg 2mg
Magnesium 160mg 0mg
Calcium 80mg 0mg
Iron 5.4mg 0mg
The table above clearly lays out the nutrient comparison between refined sugar and jaggery. As might be evident, the nutrient composition of jaggery is significantly rich as opposed to refined sugar that makes it fit for everyday consumption as a sweetener. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made.
How Is Jaggery Made?
Jaggery preparation involves boiling the sugarcane juice, and the process requires primarily 3 steps: extraction, storage, and boiling. Here is a detailed breakdown that explains how is jaggery made.
Juice Extraction
 - The sugarcanes are pressed or crushed in a machine, and all the juice is extracted from them.
 - The juice is collected and stored in large containers to be stored for several hours.
 - This process helps in separating suspended sediment from the juice and improves the texture of the finally produced jaggery.
 - The storage period settles the sediments to the bottom of the container, and the resultant clear juice is poured into a large flat bottomed vessel for boiling.
 - The sugarcane juice is stirred constantly, and impurities are sieved away until we get a brown and thick paste at the bottom of the vessel.
 - This dough-like substance is then transferred to mould of desired shapes and allowed to cool down.
 - Once the paste cools down entirely, it will solidify and become jaggery.
The colour and texture of the jaggery thus produced will highly depend upon the quality of the sugarcane and the quality of the juice that is produced. These steps layout how gur is madein a large scale preparation. If you are wondering how is jaggery made at home, keep on reading!
How Gur Is Made At Home?
These points explain every stage regarding how is jaggery made at home. Let's begin!
Ingredients required:
 - ¼ cup ladyfinger (Bhindi) water.
 - 450ml sugarcane juice.
 - Few ladyfingers.
That's it! These three ingredients are everything that you need to prepare 100% pure and unadulterated jaggery at home. The ladyfinger water helps in separating the greenish waste layer from the sugarcane juice while boiling. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made at home:
 - Cut a few ladyfingers in a bowl and mix ¼ cup of water.
 - Mix it well and then strain the water from the mixture.
 - Now, pour the sugarcane juice along with the ladyfingers water in a thick bottomed vessel and bring it to boil.
 - As the mixture starts to boil, you will notice that a greenish layer starts appearing at the top. Remove this layer using a sieve or a perforated ladle and boil the mixture further.
 - Keep boiling until the mixture thickens.
 - Now, to check the jaggery formation, take a small amount of the thick paste and put in in a glass of water.
 - If the jaggery dissolves, you need to boil the paste more. If it does not dissolve easily, you can take the mixture off the stove and let the mixture cool off.
 - Take a pan or mould and grease it's surface using ghee or vegetable oil.
 - Transfer the contents of the bowl to the mould and let it dry for a day or two.
 - Once the jaggery is dried, take a pointy object and remove it from the mould.
 - Let it dry again for a day or two so that the entire structure becomes hard.
 - Your 100% pure homemade jaggery is ready for consumption!
These steps might have made it clear as to how is jaggery made at home. Enjoy the wholesome goodness of this delicious sweetener as a standalone dessert or by mixing it with kheer or a recipe of your choice!
Also, organic jaggery is equally good if not better since it's free of harmful chemicals. Try 24 Mantra Organics's Jaggery Powder and taste the goodness of organic food.
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How do I create a desktop shortcut to Stock Doctor Online platform?
You can use any Internet browser to create a Stock Doctor shortcut on your computer's desktop:
 1. Navigate to
 2. Resize the Internet browser window so you can see both your computer's desktop and the browser window on the same screen.
 3. Click the icon on the left of the address (where the URL is shown).
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What is LinkGen?
LinkGen is a URL shortening service.
URL shortening is a technique to convert a long URL (site or page address) to a shorter version. This shorter version of the URL is usually cleaner and easier to share or remember. When someone accesses the shortened address, the browser redirects to the original (large) url address. It is also called URL redirection or URL redirect.
For example, the large version of this url : _URL_
Can be shortened with bit.do service to this small address, that redirects to the previous longer address: _URL_
URL shortening services are trending!
"Shorter URLs are better since people often type them manually."
Uses and purposes of LinkGen.xyz :
-Track user clicks from your site to external websites
-Share links inside email messages without breaking lines
-Track email marketing campaigns with stats in all links
-Share short links in Twitter messages, blogs, microblogs and other social networks
-Create customized links to easily remember your favorite addresses
-Share short links in instant-messaging
-Share easy-to-type links in news and printed material
-Have clean and compact urls for your use
-Hide real URL (user will see the real link only after clicking the short url)
-Hide affiliate URLs
-Create human-readable links
-Send SMS messages with short links
-Avoid errors when typing long urls links with parameters
Thanks for choosing our URL Shortener service,


text:
A validator for XUL could be a good idea. I am thinking about something more than just 'schema' validation. Something to help with best practices and accessibility. Maybe 'validator' isn't the right word. Here are some checks that could be useful:
- Basic Structure – Stuff a schema language would check:
- Is the XML well formed?
- Are any elements unknown?
- For a given element, are any attributes unknown?
- For a given element, is it the child of a valid parent?
- For a given attribute, are the values allowed?
- Best Practices – Stuff that's recommended for a good, localizable, skinnable and accessible UI:
- Are access keys on menus, checkboxes, radiobuttons, buttons and labels linked to controls?
- Are labels linked to controls using
- Do toolbarbuttons have labels and tooltips (even if the label is hidden)?
- Are there menu alternatives to toolbar actions (use
- Is the
contextattribute used to attach context menus?
- Are radiogroups contained in a groupbox with a caption?
- Does the source declare a DTD for localization of string resources?
- Are labels, captions, accesskeys and other strings pulled from a DTD?
- Does the source import a stylesheet (exception: overlays)?
- Are toolbar, menu and button images assigned via CSS or hard coded
- Does the source avoid using inline
What else could a validator check? I pulled some of these from a good MDC article on accessibility guidelines. Localization is definitely important and MDC has guidelines and examples to help. The skinning stuff came from this skin/CSS guide.
I have most of these checks in the current version of XUL Explorer (to be released soon). I was planning a simple web version too.
Note: There is a web-based accessibility checker for XUL (and other types) at WebAIM. To test it, choose "XUL Report" for the LRAE file and pick "Form Test (XUL)" or "Browser (XUL)", then press "Process" button. You can also supply your own XUL URL.
Update: Added localization and skinning guidelines to the list (thanks Axel)