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Posted on Thursday 26th May 2011
A University of Birmingham scientist is set to join weather experts from across the country to help the local community learn more about weather and the climate with hands-on activities and demonstrations at a week-long roadshow coming to the city this half-term.
Organised by the Big Lottery funded Open Air Laboratories (OPAL) project, the OPAL Weather Roadshow is taking place between Wednesday 1 June and Sunday 5 June at Canon Hill Park and will feature an exciting range of activities providing all ages with the chance to investigate their local weather.
One of the highlights will be the opportunity to become a weather presenter for the day using the latest green-screen technology where University of Birmingham geographer, and OPAL Community Scientist, Dr Adam Bates, will be on hand to discuss climate forecasts for the local area.
Dr Bates, from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences said:
"Changes to our climate strongly impact both people and wildlife; whether through small changes in long-term amounts of rainfall and temperature, or extreme events like large floods and tornadoes, the weather affects us all.
"The OPAL Weather Roadshow gives people the opportunity to find out more about how changes to their local climate might affect them, and to gain first-hand experience of how weather is measured, predicted and reported. It will also be really fun."
Other activities taking place during the roadshow include the chance to create a tornado, although this will be on a much smaller scale than the 2005 Birmingham tornado which caused £40million worth of damage. Infra-red temperature guns will allow people to measure the temperature of clouds in the sky and a lightning ball will provide a glimpse of lightning up close.
As well as hands-on activities, a professional weather station will display measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. Weather experts from the Royal Meteorological Society and Imperial College, London will be on hand to explain their significance, enabling people to learn more about weather and climate in an interactive way.
The OPAL Weather Roadshow will be held at Canon Hill Park, Birmingham between Tuesday 31 May and Sunday 5 June and is free and open to everyone. For more information see _URL_ Further information about the OPAL project can be found at: _URL_.
For further information, please contact Amy Cory, University of Birmingham Press Office via 0121 _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Notes to Editors
- Open Air Laboratories (OPAL) is a nationwide partnership initiative, led by Imperial College London, that inspires communities to discover, enjoy and protect their local environments. It aims to create a new generation of nature-lovers by stimulating interest through local and national projects which are accessible, fun and relevant to anyone who wants to take part. OPAL provides the skills and materials needed for the first national community-led study of the world around us. For more information, please visit _URL_.
- The Big Lottery Fund, the largest of the National Lottery good cause distributors, has been providing grants to health, education, environment and charitable causes across the UK since its inception in June 2004. It was established by Parliament on 1 December 2006. Full details of the work of the Big Lottery Fund, its programmes and awards are available on the website: _URL_.
- The Big Lottery Fund's Changing Spaces programme was launched in November 2005 to help communities enjoy and improve their local environments. The programme funds a range of activities from local food schemes and farmers markets, to education projects teaching people about the environment. A £11,760,783 Changing Spaces grant was awarded to the leading OPAL partner, Imperial College London, in August 2007.


Dimplez Dreamz youth workforce fellowship aims to deliver educational, employment, and training services for young adults (ages 16-24) in Philadelphia. We provide virtual one-on-one case management services, mentorships, occupational skills, work experience training, entrepreneurship, and leadership development. Each cohort will tremendously help 50 young people from diverse ethnic backgrounds and adverse environments. Our program also focuses on behavioral training methods to reduce violence, such as conflict resolution and finding common ground with one another.
By developing an aggressive workforce program, the youth can be better positioned to obtain educational and employment opportunities so we can build a more productive and nonviolent community.
If you or know someone that would benefit by being apart of the fellowship please complete the interest form.
Dimplez Dreamz Workforce Fellowship Interest Form


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Setting and getting global preferences is done with the following functions:
Set global preferences for Brian
where... is a list of keyword assignments.
Get the value of the named global preference
Global configuration file¶
If you have a module named
brian_global_config anywhere on your Python path,
Brian will attempt to import it to define global preferences. For example, to
automatically enable weave compilation for all your Brian projects, create a
brian_global_config.py somewhere in the Python path with the following
from brian.globalprefs import * set_global_preferences(useweave=True)
Global preferences for Brian¶
The following global preferences have been defined:
defaultclock = Clock(dt=0.1*msecond)
- The default clock to use if none is provided or defined in any enclosing scope.
useweave_linear_diffeq = False
- Whether to use weave C++ acceleration for the solution of linear differential equations. Note that on some platforms, typically older ones, this is faster and on some platforms, typically new ones, this is actually slower.
useweave = False
- Defines whether or not functions should use inlined compiled
C code where defined. Requires a compatible C++ compiler.
g++compilers are probably the easiest option (use Cygwin on Windows machines). See also the
weavecompiler = gcc
- Defines the compiler to use for weave compilation. On Windows machines, installing Cygwin is the easiest way to get access to the gcc compiler.
gcc_options = ['-ffast-math']
- Defines the compiler switches passed to the gcc compiler. For gcc versions
4.2+ we recommend using
-march=native. By default, the
-ffast-mathoptimisations are turned on - if you need IEEE guaranteed results, turn this switch off.
openmp = False
- Whether or not to use OpenMP pragmas in generated C code. If supported on your compiler (gcc 4.2+) it will use multiple CPUs and can run substantially faster. However, if you are already running several simulations in parallel this will not improve the speed and may even slow it down. In addition, for smaller networks or for simpler neuron models the parallelisation overheads can make it take longer.
usecodegen = False
- Whether or not to use experimental code generation support.
usecodegenweave = False
- Whether or not to use C with experimental code generation support.
usecodegenstateupdate = True
- Whether or not to use experimental code generation support on state updaters.
usecodegenreset = False
- Whether or not to use experimental code generation support on resets. Typically slower due to weave overheads, so usually leave this off.
usecodegenthreshold = True
- Whether or not to use experimental code generation support on thresholds.
usenewpropagate = False
- Whether or not to use experimental new C propagation functions.
usecstdp = False
- Whether or not to use experimental new C STDP.
brianhears_usegpu = False
- Whether or not to use the GPU (if available) in Brian.hears. Support is experimental at the moment, and requires the PyCUDA package to be installed.
magic_useframes = True
- Defines whether or not the magic functions should search
for objects defined only in the calling frame or if they
should find all objects defined in any frame. This should
be set to
Falseif you are using Brian from an interactive shell like IDLE or IPython where each command has its own frame, otherwise set it to

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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An important unit operation in biotechnology and chemical engineering is fixed-bed adsorption.
Species to be separated, called separands, are either in the mobile phase or adsorbed by the stationary phase. The separands are subject to convection, mechanical dispersion, and molecular diffusion.
A mass balance, obtained by considering a disk of cross-sectional area equal to that of the column, gives:
are the concentrations of the separand in the mobile and stationary phases, respectively,
is the void fraction of the column,
is the mobile phase superficial velocity,
is the effective dispersivity of the separand in the column,
is the longitudinal position in the column, and finally
Since linear equilibrium is assumed:
. Also consider that mass transfer resistances are negligible (i.e.,
The breakthrough curve, the separand concentration versus time at the exit of the column, can be determined experimentally or computed numerically. In the present Demonstration, breakthrough curves are computed for a variety of values of the relevant parameters.


Porting previous plugins
Because of the changes done to support Qt for Python, previous plugins won't work anymore in Substance Designer.
In particular, please note the following:
Plugin loading and unloading
Plugins are now loaded when Substance Designer starts and are unloaded when the Designer exits.
As such, it's not necessary for plugins to inherit from'sdplugins.Plugin' anymore.
For more information, check the Plugin basics section.
Creating user interface elements
Plugins don't need to define a'sdplugins.PluginDesc' anymore.
Instead, plugins can use the new UI manager object and Qt for Python to create any user interface elements they need.
You can find small code samples in the Creating user interface elements section.
Replacing uses of Location Context
The 'SDLocationContext' class has been removed from the Python API.
Plugins can use the UI manager object to access the currently active graph and selection.
You can find some examples in the Accessing graphs and selections section.


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Suppose a ray of light hits a concave mirror and is parallel to the principal axis but far away from it such that it doesn't follow paraxial ray approximation. Will it pass through focus or between focus and radius of curvature or between pole and focus?
Here pole, focus and radius of curvature mean the same thing as in paraxial ray approximation.
share|cite|improve this question
It is depending upon the distance of ray from axis of mirror. – ABC Apr 27 '13 at 16:28
Removed the ridiculous down-vote by adding a +1. – Antillar Maximus May 15 '13 at 11:31
It really depends on the shape of your "concave" mirror. Is it spherical, parabolic, or just any old dent in a shiny surface? It affects the answer... – Floris Oct 17 '14 at 19:40
3 Answers 3
up vote 0 down vote accepted
enter image description here
Assuming mirror to be spherical section. C is the center of sphere.
See, Using trigonometry. $$x=d \times \sin(2\theta)$$ $$x=R\times\sin\theta$$
Eliminate $\theta$ and get $d$ : distance from Center of curvature as a function of $x$.
Verify for small theta where $\sin\theta\approx\theta$
If you just want to see that which side ray bents then see. $$d=\dfrac{R\times \sec\theta}2$$ which shows that $d\ge R/2$. So, ray bends towards the pole as looses it paraxial character.
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Sorry for the rough image made in Paint. :P – ABC Apr 27 '13 at 16:40
A parabolic mirror is a special case of a concave mirror. The rays at the rim are refracted to the focal point. This is true in simplification of geometric optics and perfect manufactured mirror. However in modern techiques like injection molding there are more imperfections at the rims of mirrors.
The question of a general concave mirror can be answered depending on the deviation of curvature $\frac{1}{R}$. If deviation is positive, then the rays are closer on optical axis.
share|cite|improve this answer
For a parabolic mirror, the answer is "all rays go through the focus". For a spherical mirror, you can see the answer most easily by looking at the limit as the spherical mirror is almost a hemisphere:
enter image description here
Clearly the rays that start further off axis are focused closer to the mirror.
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Your Answer


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Trinity River Basin
Trinity River Watershed Trivia
- The Trinity River begins near the Texas-Oklahoma border in Clay, Archer, and Montague counties and from the DFW confluence, flows 512 miles to Galveston Bay, near Houston.
- There are 1,983 miles of major tributaries that drain to the river. The West, Clear, Elm and East Forks form the headwaters of the Trinity River.
- The Trinity River watershed encompasses 18,000 square miles (11.5 Million plus acres), 7% of state's land area and includes all or parts of 38 Texas counties.
- Annual precipitation ranges from 36 inches at the headwaters up to 52 inches near its terminus at the Gulf of Mexico.
- Many human activities affect the Trinity River, including 22 reservoirs on the river that provide drinking water and flood control. Differing land uses also affect the Trinity River, such as urbanization, commercial/industrial development, row-crop farming, livestock production, timber production and outdoor recreation.
- Home to terrestrial wildlife and aquatic species, there are various habitats within the Trinity River watershed, including native grasslands, bottomland hardwood forests, and wetlands. The extent of these diverse habitats has been reduced as a result of human activities.


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Here we present a method for classifying fMRI independent components (ICs) by using an optimized algorithm for the individuation of noisy signals from sources of interest. The method was applied to estimate brain activations from combined EEG-fMRI data for the exploration of epilepsy. Spatial ICA was performed using the above-mentioned optimized algorithm and other three popular algorithms. ICs were sorted considering the value: of the coefficients of determination R2, obtained from the multiple regression analysis with morphometric maps of cerebral matter; of the kurtosis, which features the signal energy. The validation of the method was performed comparing the brain activations obtained with those resulted using the General Linear Model (GLM). The ICA-derived activations in different datasets comprised subareas of the GLM-revealed activations, even if the volume and the shape of activated areas do not correspond exactly. The method proposed also detects additional negative regions implicated in a default mode of brain activity, and not clearly identified by GLM. Compared with a traditional GLM approach, the ICA one provides a flexible way to analyze fMRI data that reduces the assumptions placed upon the hemodynamic response of the brain and the temporal constrains.
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Conference proceedings :... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference|
|Publication status||Published - 2013|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


How to Find a Church
12 Practical Steps to Help You Find a New Church Home
How to Find a Church
Dave Brosha / Getty Images
Finding a church can be a difficult, time-consuming experience. It often takes a great deal of patient persistence, especially if you are looking for a church after moving into a new community. Usually, you can only visit one, or possibly two churches a week, so the search for a church can drag out over a period of months.
Here are some practical steps to remember along with questions to ask yourself as you pray and seek the Lord through the process of finding a church.
1. Where Does God Want Me to Serve?
Prayer is an important part of the process of finding a church. As you seek the Lord's direction, he will give you the wisdom to know where he wants you to fellowship. Be sure to make prayer a priority each step along the way.
2. What Denomination?
There are many Christian denominations, from Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Assemblies of God, Church of the Nazarene, and the list goes on and on. If you feel called to a nondenominational or interdenominational church, there are many different types of these as well, such as Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Community churches.
3. What Do I Believe?
It's important to understand the doctrinal beliefs of the church before joining. Many people become disillusioned after investing a great deal of time in a church. You can avoid this disappointment by looking closely at the church's statement of faith.
Before joining, be sure the church teaches the Bible effectively. If you're not sure, ask to talk with someone about this. Some churches even offer classes or written material to help you understand the church's doctrine.
4. What Type of Services?
Ask yourself, "Would I feel more freedom to worship through a formal liturgy, or would I be more comfortable in an informal atmosphere?" For example, Catholic, Anglican, Episcopalian, Lutheran and Orthodox churches will usually have more formal services, while Protestant, Pentecostal, and nondenominational churches will tend to have more relaxed, informal worship services.
5. What Type of Worship?
Worship is the way we express our love and appreciation to God as well as our awe and wonder at his works and ways. Consider what style of worship will allow you to most freely express adoration to God.
Some churches have contemporary worship music, some have traditional. Some sing hymns, others sing choruses. Some have full bands, others have orchestras and choirs. Some sing gospel, rock, hard rock, etc. Since worship is a key part of our church experience, be sure to give the style of worship serious consideration.
6. What Ministries and Programs Does the Church Have?
You want your church to be a place where you can connect with other believers. Some churches offer a very simple ministry approach and others extend an elaborate system of classes, programs, productions and more. So, for instance, if you're single and want a church with a single's ministry, be sure to check into this before joining. If you have kids, you'll want to explore the children's ministry.
7. Does the Size of the Church Matter?
Smaller church fellowships are usually unable to offer a wide variety of ministries and programs, while larger ones can support an array of opportunities. However, a small church can provide a more intimate, close-knit environment that a large church may not be able to cultivate as effectively. Becoming relational in the body of Christ often requires more effort in a large church. These are things to consider when looking at the size of the church.
8. What to Wear?
In some churches t-shirts, jeans, and even shorts are appropriate. In others, a suit and tie or dress would be more appropriate. In some churches, anything goes. So, ask yourself, "What is right for me—dressy, casual, or both?"
9. Visit Church Websites and Call Before Visiting
Next, take some time to list specific questions you would want to call and ask before visiting the church. If you take a few minutes each week to do this, it will save you time in the long run. For example, if the youth program is important to you, put that on your list and ask specifically for information about it. Some churches will even mail you an Information Packet or Visitor's Packet, so be sure to ask for these when you call.
You can often get a good feel for a church by visiting its website. Most churches will provide information about how the church got started, doctrinal beliefs, a statement of faith, plus information about ministries and outreaches.
10. Make a List.
Before visiting a church, make a checklist of the most important things you hope to see or experience. Then rate the church according to your checklist when you leave. If you're visiting many churches, your notes will help you compare and decide later. As time passes you may have trouble keeping them straight. This will provide you with a record for future reference.
11. Visit Three Times, Then Ask Yourself These Questions:
Is this church a place where I can connect with God and worship him freely? Will I learn about the Bible here? Are fellowship and community encouraged? Are people's lives being changed? Is there a place for me to serve in the church and opportunities to pray with other believers? Does the church reach out by sending missionaries and through financial giving and local outreach? Is this where God wants me to be? If you can say yes to these questions, then you've found a good church home.
12. Ask other Christians.
If you still don't know where to begin your search for a church, ask people you know—friends, co-workers, or people you admire, where they go to church.
mla apa chicago
Your Citation
Fairchild, Mary. "How to Find a Church." Learn Religions, Aug. 27, 2020, Fairchild, Mary. (2020, August 27). How to Find a Church. Retrieved from Fairchild, Mary. "How to Find a Church." Learn Religions. (accessed April 12, 2021).


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Remote Software & Computer Access Procedure
There are times when you need to use a certain software application or device but do not have physical access. Instead, you can remotely access a device at MLML that has the software you need or computing capabilities. Below are the instructions on how to gain software & computing access remotely.
STEP 1: Identify Needs
- Identify the application/computing that you need and research it to know what exactly it is you're looking for:
- Specs (CPU, Storage)
- Pinpoint exactly what you'll be using the application/device for
STEP 2: Submit an iTicket
Once you know what you need, we can help you get access to it. Submit an iTicket with the information you uncovered from Step 1. Please do the research before submitting an iTicket so we know exactly what it is you are trying to accomplish.
STEP 3: Access MLML VPN
Once you have the go-ahead from the IT Department, setup access to the MLML network using VPN. You will need to be connected to the MLML network to access a device remotely.
STEP 4: Launch Remote Desktop
NOTE: The following instructions are to connect to a Windows desktop computer from Windows or macOS.
IMPORTANT: You will need to configure the Windows computer to which you are connecting to allow Remote Desktop connections. Refer to the Troubleshooting section below to enable Remote Desktop connections
- Launch Remote Desktop Connection
- Windows 10: Start Menu > search for "Remote Desktop Connection" or Start Menu > Windows Accessories folder
- Windows 8.1: Win key+S to launch the search tool > search for "Windows Remote Desktop"
- Windows 7: Start button > open Accessories folder > select "Remote Desktop Connection"
- In the Computer field type the name or IP address of the device you're connecting to
- Select Show Options
- Enter the username of the account you'll use to login
- Select "Allow me to save credentials" to save the credentials so you don't have to enter them each time you access this device
- Select Connect
- Enter the password associated with the username you used into the window that pops-up
- Again you can select "Remember me" so you do not have to enter the password each time
- Click OK
- You may receive a message saying that the identity of the remote computer cannot be verified. Check the box for "Don't ask me again for connections to this computer" and click Yes
- You should now be connected
- For more information on how to use Remote Desktop Connection go to this link "How to Use Microsoft's Remote Desktop Connection"


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Language Teachers' Opinions on the Usage of Children's Literature Works
Erhan SEN, Turkey, ID LLCE2016-325; Teachers could be a guide to the child readers for literary pleasure, appreciation, or reading habit in language and literature teaching. Their choices on literature works, recommendations on readings, or their chosen form both the child's reading habits and their in-course activities. In this line, the aim of this study is to analyze the Turkish Language Teachers' Opinions on the Usage of Children's Literature Works.
The audio recording data was collected from the Turkish teachers via "semi-structured interviews" basing upon "the Case Study" in Qualitative Research. The sampling consists of 10 teachers (5 female, 5 male). The data analysis was done by the method of content analysis. The following reasons for choosing the sampling are: 1. those taken the children literature courses at undergraduate or graduate degree (first and second degree), 2. Those graduated from any department of the education faculty, 3. Those having at least three-year teaching experience in an educational institution (state or private).
Keywords: Turkish language teaching, the teachers' opinions, children literature, case study, interview.


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This job is in our Delhi/Chennai office:
Position: Communication and Content Specialist (3 years)
Deadline: 9th February 2020
- Who we are: Athena Infonomics is a data-driven global consultancy. We combine social science research methods and ICT tools to drive innovation in policies, processes and programs in international development. Athena Infonomics has offices in India and Washington, D.C., alongside program hubs across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
- What we do: data-driven innovation in program strategy and design, project implementation, and impact assessment across the full spectrum of economic growth and development challenges.
- Our clients: bi-lateral and multi-lateral development financing institutions, global private philanthropies, various levels of governments across continents, leading NGOs and Fortune 500 companies.
- The Athena team: a dynamic, diverse, and close-knit group of young professionals alongside a distinguished group of policymakers, academics, and intellectuals with deep sectoral knowledge and rich experience.
Athena Infonomics is seeking applicants for the role of Communication and Content Specialistr to support building the profile and visibility of Athena's work, impact and experts to key audience, in order to communicate successes and to grow Athena's work in the chosen technical areas. Duties will involve supporting Athena's online and social media presence, designing and implementing internal and external events, and helping project teams, technical experts and researchers communicate effectively about Athena's work. As needed, the position may support research and analytical tasks such as competitor/client analysis, funding trends, and sector specific analysis.
- Develop written and digital content for external websites, social media platforms, newsletters, and other communications channels.
- Undertake day-to-day running of digital engagement channels across, web, and social media.
- Create and manage Athena's editorial calendar including social media strategies, keeping current with news and trending topics in international development.
- Identify communications and media opportunities including networking events, conferences to better shape and amplify Athena's work.
- Establish and cultivate relationships with local and regional print, broadcast, radio, and online media in India and elsewhere.
- Write and produce a wide range of communication materials, conveying technical information (summarizing evidence from Athena's work) in a clear and accessible manner to a range of technical and non-technical audiences. Examples of products include case studies, fact sheets, technical briefs, success stories, website content, presentations, and talking points.
- Liaise with technical experts and project teams to write and disseminate key innovations, learnings, and research to wider audiences.
- Lead the development of marketing and communication materials for our diverse range of projects, including project profiles to be used online, project reports and updates to clients and partners including infographics, and internal project communications materials.
- Write and coordinate review of business development collateral including flyers, brochures, fact sheets, presentations etc.
- Create engaging and content-rich visuals, including infographics, for print and digital distribution.
- Develop and conduct communications trainings for project staff.
- Limited travel to the project locations, to document project impact and outcomes, and provide communications support to project staff.
Qualifications and Competencies
- Minimum 3 years of relevant experience in communication and content development.
- Masters' degree required in communications, journalism, international development, international relations, political science, business administration, or related social sciences.
- Broad knowledge of fundamental principles, terminology, and methodology of marketing writing, technical editing, and document organization.
- Experience in writing technical content for wide range of audience (technical and non-technical), design, and publication processes, including print and digital dissemination. An ability to work with layout and graphic art professionals.
- Exceptional writing, editing, and proofreading skills.
- Research & analytical skills a plus.
- Strong organizational skill and attention to detail; ability to establish priorities, meet deadlines, and manage a variety of tasks with accuracy.
- Proficiency in Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and other creative design applications including but not limited to Adobe Illustrator.
- Excellent communications and interpersonal skills, including the ability to work collaboratively and establish strong working relationships with key colleagues within Athena.
- Self-starter, able to think creatively and work independently.
- Ability to adapt to changes in priorities, workload, and workflow.
- Exposure to and interest in international development strongly preferred.
Interested applicants can send their CVs, a statement of purpose, and a writing sample along with the following information to _EMAIL_
Athena Infonomics is an Equal Opportunities Employer
Athena Infonomics is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer with a commitment to diversity. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, protected veteran status, or disability status.


Good Old-Fashioned Fish
(yes, Lembeh has some of these)
The comet fish's round marking makes it look like a moray eel if it slots itself into appropriate cracks. Is that cool or what?
This batfish is making a stop at one of the cleaning stations - the blue line you see near the fish's mouth is actually a cleaner wrasse.
Our serious books didn't say why filefish are called filefish, so I went to Wikipedia, which says that the name is because of its sandpapery skin and compressed body. It 'is said' that dried filefish skin was once used to finish wooden boats.
Yellow-Barred Jawfish
Freckled Goatfish
Two very similar tobies - I couldn't decide which one was fingerprint or papuan.
Tobies are small pufferfish. As the name implies, pufferfish can expand their bodies when provoked. And if they're eaten, the poison in their tissue can be toxic.
Diving in Lembeh - A Lady's Guide


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Abstract: Light is a primary energy source. Its use efficiency reflects the capacity of ecosystem in converting light energy and producing organic matter. Revealing the values of light and its use efficiency in typical ecosystems provides reference for assessing regional light resources and their use efficiency, which is also helpful in assessing the regional capacity of organic matter production and carbon sequestration. Based on ChinaFLUX observations and published literature, we built the radiation and light-use efficiency dataset of typical ecosystems in China from 2002 to 2010. This dataset contains 126 site-year light resource, light-use efficiency, and absorbed light use efficiency observed from 51 ecosystems. In addition, the dataset also contains the biotic and abiotic information such as ecosystem code, observation year, longitude, latitude, altitude, ecosystem type, annual air temperature, annual precipitation, annual CO2 mass concentration, annual mean leaf area index, annual maximum leaf area index. The dataset could provide data base for research on carbon cycle and climate change.
Keywords: carbon cycle; photosynthetic active radiation; eddy covariance; terrestrial ecosystem


text:
Skip to content
Volume: 5 Issue: 10
||KINETIC ESTIMATION OF D-XYLOSE BY ELECTRON TRANSFER INDICATOR REACTION WITH Mn(III) PYROPHOSPHATE
KINETIC ESTIMATION OF D-XYLOSE BY ELECTRON TRANSFER INDICATOR REACTION WITH Mn(III) PYROPHOSPHATE
The Mn(III) in the form of pyrophosphate has been used in the present electron transfer indicator reaction with D-xylose for their kinetic estimations using following indicator reaction.
CHO(CHOH)3CH2OH +2Mn(III) + H2O → CHO(CHOH)2CH2OH +HCOOH +2Mn(II)+ 2H+
The rate data of present indicator reactions in the form of decreasing absorbance at 514nm (λ max of Mn(III) pyrophosphate complex) with time given for this indicator reaction have been used for their respective estimation in simulated samples adopting (a) rate constant, (b) variation of absorbance at fixed time (c) variation of time at fixed absorbance of (d) one point and (e) two point methods using respective calibration plots. The consistency and reproducibility of these results have clearly showed that this kinetic estimations of can be used as an alternative/additional analytical method to the existing traditional estimation methods in the present day laboratory conditions and also as advance laboratory experiments
Keywords: Mn(III) pyrophosphate, Kinetic estimation, Electron transfer, D-xylose, Indicator reaction


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Mississippi Board of Education
The Mississippi Board of Education is made up of nine members. Each member is appointed according to the rules in the Mississippi Constitution. The Board appoints the State Superintendent of Education, sets public education policy and oversees the Mississippi Department of Education.
Section 203 of the Mississippi Constitution was amended on July 1, 1984. It requires that the Mississippi Governor shall appoint one (1) member from Mississippi's Northern Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Central Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Southern Supreme Court District, one (1) member who is employed as a school administrator, and one (1) member who is employed as a public school teacher. Additionally, the Lieutenant Governor shall appoint two (2) members at-large, and the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives shall appoint two (2) members at-large.
Educational Priorities and Board Mission
In its role as a policy maker, the Board of Education has a vision, mission, and set of goals. To further its efforts to create a world-class education system, the Board has also published its legislative priorities for the 2013 legislative year. You can view the board's 2013 legislative priorities here.
Current Board Members

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Quick, clean, and to the point
Remove file extension from filename
Excel formula: Remove file extension from filename
Generic formula
To remove a file extension from a file name, you can use a formula based on the LEFT and FIND functions. In the example shown, the formula in C5 is:
The core of this formula is the LEFT function which simply extracts text from the file name, starting at the left, and ending at the character before the first period (".").
The FIND function is used to figure out how many characters to extract:
Find returns the position of the first match (6 in the first example) from which 1 is subtracted. The result, 5, goes into LEFT like this:
and the LEFT function returns the first five characters from the left: "Happy".
Note: because this formula finds the first occurrence of ".", it will remove all file extensions when there are are more than one.
Dave Bruns
Excel Formula Training
Download 100+ Important Excel Functions


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Habitat fragmentation may adversely affect animal populations through several mechanisms. However, little is known about how the impacts of some of these mechanisms are manifested in altered dynamics of wild populations.
We used a spatially explicit individual-based simulation model to examine the potential effects of disrupted dispersal due to fragmentation on the population dynamics of the endangered, co-operatively breeding, red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis.
We simulated population dynamics as a function of population size and spatial aggregation of territories. Dispersal success (but not mortality or fecundity) was an emergent property of model runs. In the model all female and some male fledglings dispersed in straight lines in random directions, and the remaining males stayed on their natal territories as helpers and competed for breeding vacancies in their immediate neighbourhood.
Population trend was tied to the higher dispersal success of both males and females in larger and less fragmented populations. Helpers were more successful than dispersing males. Male breeder recruitment depended entirely on helpers when populations were small (25 or 100 territories).
Declining populations were characterized by high emigration rates and both failure and delay in female recruitment. The large numbers of unpaired males resulted in lowered reproductive output at the population level and in the loss of territories. Populations of 25 territories were stable when territories were highly aggregated, despite high emigration rates. These results closely match empirical observations.
A number of co-operatively breeding species are endangered. The unusual dispersal behaviour of helpers may make such species sensitive to habitat fragmentation but also resilient to reductions in population size when territories are aggregated. Small populations of co-operative breeders may have considerable conservation value as a source of genetic diversity.


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Data relating to casualties records events that caused the loss or damage of a vessel but not necessarily its wrecking. These events can include vessels burnt, grounded, cast away, scuttled, prizes taken in battle, and wrecking, all of which may have an impact on the potential for wreckage or debris on the seabed. Numerous journeys recorded were related to descriptions of incidents at sea which did not necessarily lead to a wrecking event. Casualty events therefore had to be recorded to avoid breaking up related information.
The casualty data for England's Shipping recorded pre-1730 events in the database to characterize the locations and manner of loss of the vessels, which was also plotted in the GIS. Data was extracted from secondary sources such as Larn's Shipwreck Index of the British Isles, Rodger's Safeguard of the Seas, and Hepper's British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail.
Many of the records were inferred from historic descriptions rather than based on archaeological evidence, and tended to be vague. The casualty locations mapped were given 5 kilometers buffers to reduce the uncertainty of the co-ordinates provided. The number of casualty events recorded in the database is currently too small to identify significant trends or relationships with other data.
Although casualty data can be obtained from the National Monument Record office, the recording of casualty data was necessary to maintain the relationships described between events. Further recording of the relationships between journeys and casualty events such as groundings and wrecking may in the future uncover trends in the data.


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Design and Implementation of Highway Management System Based WebGIS
Source: Academy Publisher
Network Geographic Information System is a GIS based on Web technical standards and communication protocol of network, a product of Web technology and GIS technology, it is based on Internet / Intranet to provide users with information distributed in space, data sharing, exchange and cooperation. WebGIS make full use of network resources, a large scale to reduce costs and complexity of dealing with the implementation of the server, the client is simple, is an ideal global optimization model, replace a desktop GIS system, and provide personalized service. Based on WebGIS for the new technology platform, the highway pavement management system designs and builds roads spatial database and attribute database.


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E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Sublime Porte (The).
The Ottoman empire. It is the French for Porta Sublma, the lofty gate. Constantinople has twelve gates, and near one of these gates is a building with a lofty gateway called Bab-i-humajun. In this building resides the vizier, in the same are the offices of all the chief ministers of state, and thence all the imperial edicts are issued. The French phrase has been adopted, because at one time French was the language of European diplomacy.


6 Replies Latest reply: Feb 24, 2012 10:52 PM by VladimirN. RSS
 Mathcad 15 - Opening and Closing Areas Causes Other Fields to Move
 seetheforest Copper
 I feel like this is a bug in Mathcad, but I would love it if someone had a solution for this.
 I'm using a worksheet with multiple areas in Mathcad and I have noticed that after using the worksheet for some time, the text fields above the areas will "creep" upward or downward. Additionally if I move the text fields, the first motion they make is subtle, as if they had been placed inbetween a grid space and were put back on the nearest grid.
 I hope I am explaining this in a way that you all can understand. It's really annoying to set up a worksheet and constantly have to realign everything as you use it.
 I've made a sample worksheet for you to try. If you note the difference in the spacing between the title and the area before you open it and after you open it, you can see the difference. It is really small at first, but over time it creeps farther apart depending on what you are doing in the worksheet.


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How can I retrieve deleted text messages from my Android for free?
If you have backup your text message on the cloud, you can easily recover deleted messages on Android without a computer. Retrieve deleted texts from back: Go to Setting > Backup & reset and check your last data backup. If you get an available backup, you may restore the back and get your deleted text messages back.
How can I recover deleted text messages without backup?
After that, you can do as follows.
- Step 1: Launch GT Recovery app on your Android phone. Download and run the app on your phone.
- Proceed to scan for the deleted text messages.
- Step 3: Select and recover the deleted SMS.
- Step 4: Check the recovered text messages on your Android device.
- To do that:
Can you recover deleted texts on iPhone without backup?
If you want to recover deleted text messages on iPhone without backup files, you need iBeesoft iPhone Data Recovery. It is a professional tool that helps you to scan your iPhone for the deleted text messages, which are imvisible to you. After then, you can select text messages to preview and restore them.
Can I find deleted messages on my phone?
Many Android phones are configured to automatically back up to Google Drive. If your phone creates automatic Google backups, you might be able to restore your phone to retrieve the lost text messages.
How do I find deleted text messages on my Android?
Here is what you can do to recover deleted text messages on your Android smartphone.
- Connect Android to Windows. First of all, launch Android Data Recovery on a computer.
- Choose to restore text messages.
- Install FonePaw App.
- Permission to scan deleted messages.
- Recover text messages from Android.
- Deep scan for recovery.
Can I see my husbands deleted text messages?
My husband deleted his text messages. Technically, deleted text messages, as long as not being overwritten by new data, they can be easily recovered. Use EaseUS MobiSaver for Android to recover deleted text messages on Android. Use EaseUS MobiSaver to recover deleted text messages on iPhone.
How do I pull up deleted text messages from an iPhone?
How to recover deleted texts without overwriting your iPhone
- Log into iCloud.com using your Apple ID and password.
- Click on Text Messages.
- Search the messages to find the ones you need.
- Now go to your iPhone and choose Settings > [your name] > iCloud.
- Turn off Text Messages (or make sure it's already turned off).
How far back can text messages be retrieved?
All of the providers retained records of the date and time of the text message and the parties to the message for time periods ranging from sixty days to seven years. However, the majority of cellular service providers do not save the content of text messages at all.


v3.1.0 - Show latest stable - 0 notes - Class: ActionController::RecordIdentifier
record_key_for_dom_id(record) protected
Returns a string representation of the key attribute(s) that is suitable for use in an HTML DOM id. This can be overwritten to customize the default generated string representation if desired. If you need to read back a key from a dom_id in order to query for the underlying database record, you should write a helper like 'person_record_from_dom_id' that will extract the key either based on the default implementation (which just joins all key attributes with '-') or on your own overwritten version of the method. By default, this implementation passes the key string through a method that replaces all characters that are invalid inside DOM ids, with valid ones. You need to make sure yourself that your dom ids are valid, in case you overwrite this method.
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The boundary between Baetica and Noricum region on Lutetia
This image shows a portion of the surface of the main-belt asteroid (21) Lutetia. The image was obtained with the OSIRIS camera on ESA's Rosetta spacecraft as it flew past the asteroid on 10 July 2010.
By tracing craters and other features on Lutetia's surface, scientists have put together a geological map for the asteroid. Their studies have shown that Lutetia's surface comprises regions spanning a wide range of ages: each of them reveals a chapter in the long and tumultuous history of this asteroid.
The image shows the boundary between two of the regions that have been identified on the asteroid's surface in terms of their geological history. In particular, the image shows the abrupt transition between the young and smooth Baetica region, in the upper part of the image, and the much older and heavily cratered Noricum region, in the lower part of the image.


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Molecular Biology
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In cooperation with:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Universiteit Antwerpen
Science and Bio-engineering Sciences
accredited by NVAO
Molecular biology examines the molecular basis of life. As such, it deals with the structure, function and interplay of various molecules, entailing a multidisciplinary approach. The interuniversity master's programme in Molecular Biology places a high emphasis on the theoretical and practical skill set of young scientists.This programme especially hopes to allure young scientists from developing countries who are already involved in either human or animal health care or agricultural research.
Admission and registration
After graduation


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Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed SolutionDownload Solution PDF
Data is a collection of numbers gathered to give some information. To get particular information from the given data quickly, the data can be arranged in a tabular form using tally marks. The following are the points related to data:
- Data can be organized using (I) marks in a group of five such that four can be represented as (IIII) while for each 5th mark a line slash (/ or \) is drawn across these four lines as shown in figures.
Hence, we conclude that the above pictures represent '5'


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Associations between polymorphisms within the thymidylate synthase gene and spina bifida
Polymorphisms within the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene that influence enzyme activity may affect plasma folate levels and, indirectly, plasma homocysteine concentrations. We investigated whether TS polymorphisms contribute to spina bifida (SB) risk, given that a reduction in the risk of SB has been linked to folate metabolism.
Genomic DNA was extracted from newborn-screening blood spots obtained from case infants with SB, and randomly selected, nonmalformed control infants. Genotype frequencies of two polymorphisms in the TS gene—a 28-bp tandem repeat in the promoter enhancer region (TSER) and a 6-bp deletion in the 3′UTR—were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Additionally, all seven exons of the TS gene were sequenced to identify variations within the coding region of the gene.
We found that the TSER 2/2 homozygous genotype was associated with a slightly increased risk for SB infants (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4 [0.8–2.4], p = 0.1). When the cohort was divided into separate ethnic groups, this risk increased by 4-fold with the TSER 2/2 homozygous genotype (OR = 4.0 [1.8–8.8], p = 0.001), and by 3-fold with the 3′UTR +/+ homozygous genotype (OR = 3.6 [1.3–10.1], p = 0.02) in non-Hispanic white cases. The combined TSER,3′UTR (2/2,+/+) genotype showed a more than 4-fold increased risk for SB within this specific ethnic group (OR = 4.7 [1.1–19.8], p = 0.04).
This study is the first to evaluate how TS polymorphisms contribute to the risk of SB. The current findings indicate that polymorphisms in the untranslated regions of the TS gene are associated with 4-fold or more increased risks of SB in non-Hispanic whites, but not in Hispanic whites, African-Americans, or Asian-Americans. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


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Edward Wilson sledge flag on display in Cathedral
Edward Wilson's Polar Sledge Flag will be on display in the Cathedral during a special Evensong service on Thursday 5 July.
One hundred years ago, on 17 January 1912, Captain Robert Scott and four other members of his 1910-12 Antarctic Expedition reached the South Pole. Ten weeks later, all five men had perished.
Dr Edward Adrian Wilson (_PHONE_), a Cheltenham-born doctor, scientist, naturalist and artist whose watercolours and drawings of Antarctica are arguably the finest ever produced of the southern Continent, was one of the men that perished. Wilson had also produced many fine watercolours and drawings of his native Gloucestershire, including some of Gloucester Cathedral, a building which his widow, Oriana, later told the Dean of Gloucester was "more loved by him than any other church in the world. I think he knew every inch of it".
On Thursday 5 July Isobel Williams, author of "With Scott in the Antarctic" a first full account of the Antarctic hero's life from childhood to his tragic death will present a special illustrated lecture for the Friends of Gloucester Cathedral followed by a Special Evensong at 5.30pm sung by the Cathedral Youth Choir and directed by Ashley Grote. The local Arctic hero's Polar sledge flag will be on display throughout the service, borrowed for the occasion from the Scott Polar Research Institute. The flag was presented to the Cathedral in 1914 where it hung in the Lady Chapel until 1930. Tickets for the lecture have sold out but all are welcome to attend the Evensong service.


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A New Online Resource from the University of Iowa Library
The Atlas of Early Printing is an interactive site designed to be used as a tool for teaching the early history of printing in Europe during the second half of the fifteenth century. While printing in Asia pre-dates European activity by several hundred years, the rapid expansion of the trade following the discovery of printing in Mainz, Germany around the middle of the fifteenth century is a topic of great importance to the history of European civilization. This website uses Flash to depict the spread of European printing in a manner that allows a user to control dates and other variables.
Access Atlas here.


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Kokone Mínimo is a website from Mexico designed to introduce children to basic vocabulary and concepts in their native Spanish language. Kokone means children in Náhuatl, one of the original languages of Mexico. Kokone Mínimo is a great site for Spanish language learners because it focuses on common objects and verbs and the language is presented with clear images, audio and written words. Parts of the body, vowels, shapes, colors, opposites – these are just a few of the concepts that children can learn in Spanish with the activities on this site.
The character that appears in the activities is a baby opossum called Tlacuache bebé. The word for opossum in Mexican Spanish is tlacuache. The activities are very simple, so they are a great way to introduce or review Spanish vocabulary. For most of them, to hear the audio, you click on the symbol of an ear on the right. Often there is also a pair of eyes that you click to animate the pictures.
The main menu is a set icons. When you mouse over them, you see the topic at the top of the table in Spanish. Click this link to go to the main menu of Kokone Mínimo. These are the titles and icons with a little information about the activities and the Spanish vocabulary they use.
Asociaciones de parejas / Pair association (umbrella icon)
This section has two parts with images and audio of related words.
Asociaciones de parejas 1: gallina – gallinero, manzana – frutal, marinero – barco, bombero-camión
Asociaciones de parejas 2: abañil – edificio, naranja – jugo, noche – cama, lluvia – paraguas
Primeras asociaciones / First associations (car icon)
This section has two parts with images and audio of related words.
Primeras asociaciones 1: ruedan – autobús, moto, coche, bicicleta; vuelan – avión, cohete, mariposa, pájaro, helicóptero; caminan – pinguino, pato, pollito, tortuga
Primeras asociaciones 2: navegan – galeón, velero, submarino, barco; animales pequeños – ratón, escarabajo, caballito de mar, oruga; tienen muchas patas – hormiga, cangrejo, saltamontes, pulpo
Tlacuache se baña / Tlacuache takes a bath (duck icon)
In this scene, you click on objects in a bathroom scene to see the words and hear them pronounced: toalla, cepillo de dientes, pasta de dientes, tina, jabón, patito, peine.
Los colores / Colors (colors icon)
This section is divided into primary and secondary colors. In the secondary color activity, two colors combine to make a secondary color and an object of that color appears. In both sections, click on the ear to hear the colors pronounced.
Partes de la cara / Parts of the face (Tlacuache's head icon)
There is a face with words around it. When you click on the words, they are pronounced and an arrow goes to that part of the face: ceja, oreja, nariz, boca, cuello, ojo, pelo.
Tlacuache se va a dormir / Tlacuache goes to bed (moon icon)
In this bedroom scene, you click on objects to see the words and hear them pronounced: cama, buró, cobija, almohada, lámpara, interruptor.
¡A comer! / Time to eat (dish and spoon icon)
In this picture of Tlacuache in a highchair, you click on objects to see the word and hear them pronounced: taza, plátano, manzana, plato, silla, babero, cuchara. When you click on the eyes on the right, the picture changes to show several Tlacuaches eating.
Las figuras geométricas / Shapes (shapes icon)
The activity shows shapes which animate into an objects when you click the eyes. The audio pronounces the name of the shape: círculo, cuadrado, triángulo, rectángulo, rombo, óvalo.
Tlacuache te viste / Tlacuache dresses you (clothes icon)
There is a figure of a little boy with the clothes around the figure. Click the clothes and they go on the boy as the word is pronounced and the written word appears: playera, pantalón, tenis, gorra, anteojos.
Las partes del cuerpo / Parts of the body (Tlacuache icon)
There is a figure of a boy with the words around the figure. Click on a word to hear it pronounced. An arrow goes to the body part: pelo, ombligo, pierna, pie, mano, brazo, cara.
Tlacuache juega / Tlacuache plays (toys icon)
Click on the toy to see the word and hear it pronounced: teléfono, osito, carriola, muñeca, tren, barco, pelota, coche, cubos.
Tlacuache sale de viaje / Tlacuache goes on a trip (boat icon)
Click on the vehicles to see them animate and hear them pronounced: avión, barco, coche, tren.
Las vocales / The vowels (letters icon)
This activity teaches the vowels sounds. For each vowel, there are several words with pictures and the words are pronounced.
Animales / Animals (dog icon)
Click on the animal to see the word and hear it pronounced: cerdo, perro, gallina, gato, vaca, perico.
Opuestos / Opposites (sun-moon icon)
This activity is divided into two parts.
Opuestos 1: lejos – cerca, largo – corto, abajo – arriba, día – noche. Click on the eyes to see the words animated. Click on the ear to hear the words pronounced.
Opuestos 2: pocos – muchos, alto – bajo, dentro – fuera. This set has the animation and word on the screen, but there is no audio.
A jugar / Playtime (six dots icon)
This is a set of simple games including playing instruments, doing puzzles and coloring. None of these games are language based. They will be too simple for all but the youngest children.
Las frutas / Fruits (strawberry icon)
Clcik on a fruit in the bowl to see the word and hear it pronounced: plátano, uvas, limón, naranja, fresa, manzana, pera.
Los números / Numbers (number icon)
Use the arrows to move though the numbers 1-10 with pictures and pronunciation.
Diccionario / Dictionary (open book icon)
This is a picture dictionary with wonderful images and sound for each picture. Click on the picture to hear the word pronounced.
The dictionary is divided into these categories:
Animales / Animals
Objetos de la casa / Household objects
Objetos de la escuela / Classroom objects
Objetos del parque / Objects in the park
Juguetes / Toys
Frutas y verduras / Fruits and vegetables
Medios de transporte / Transportation
Tlacua super estrella / Tlacua Super Star (Tlacuache and star icon)
These are short animations, with no audio. They are not language based, but they are excellent for reinforcing the vocabulary from the activities and the basic verbs in the titles.
For example, Tlacuache se baña (Tlacuache takes a bath) uses the bathroom scene from the earlier activity, so that you can use se baña and talk about what you see using the vocabulary. Tlacuache duerme (Tlacuache sleeps) uses the scene from Tlacuache se va a dormir, so you can talk about what you see in the bedroom. The same is true for Tlacuache come (Tlacuache eats). Only Tlacuache y la mariposa (Tlacuache and the butterfly) does not have a setting that includes vocabulary from the other activities.
There is a menu bar at the bottom of the screen with the words Juega, Conoce, and Diviértete. These words take you to activities that are in the main menu.
Juega take you to the set of games in A jugar. These games are not language based.
Conoce goes to Asociaciones de parejas.
Diviértete takes you to the animations in Tlacua super estrella.


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Introduction to version 1
The Interactive Key to Malesian Seed Plants is an identification system for all
native and naturalised (i.e. introduced species with self-maintaining 'wild' populations)
families of the Flora Malesiana region (including Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines,
East Timor and Papua New Guinea).
The key is based on a small set of features of the vegetative, floral and fruit morphology and ecology.
These features were chosen because they are relatively easy to assess from any reasonably intact
flowering and/or fruiting specimen, and are readily interpreted in conjunction with the help of the
notes and illustrations contained in the key.
The key is mainly based on the books by Max van Balgooy (MALESIAN SEED PLANTS - Spot Characters (1997) and Plant Portraits (1998, 2001)) and incorporates additional information from L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz "The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: 14th December 2000. _URL_ A selection of core characters has been made from these two sources; the Malesian Key Group has checked these and added additional information.


Top 10 Famous People Who Used to Teach
Famous People
You probably had always wondered what celebrities and world-famous people did before they attained their current status of fame. Bear in mind that fame is a world and a life on its own; meaning, before fame, there was another life. This article from world history homework help experts exposes what famous, influential, and highly celebrated people used to do before becoming who they are today.
1. Gene Simmons
Now known as the bassist of Kiss, but not many people are aware that Simmons used to be a teacher, albeit for six months. He quit teaching because he realized that he wanted a broader audience, and the classroom had become too small for him. He went further to say, a class of 40 was nothing compared to a stage with an audience of 40,000.
2. Sting
You probably only know him as Sting, whose real name is Gordon Matthew Sumner, popularly known as a leading member of the Police; however, he used to be a Primary school teacher and a soccer coach before fame. He quit just when his solo career kicked off. Despite having a stint in the teaching profession, Sting is a strong advocate for increasing teachers' salaries decades later. According to him, teaching is one of the essential jobs in the world.
3. J.K. Rowling
Before Harry Porter, J.K. Rowling taught English in Portugal as a foreign language for quite some years. While functioning as a teacher, Rowling taught during the day and wrote the first draft of the first issue of the Harry Potter series at night and he is also one of the rich celebrities.
4. Sylvester Stalone
Rambo is not all muscles and guns, just in case you were wondering. Stalone is a degree holder, and back in the 60s, while attending the American College in Switzerland, he taught a gym class to earn extra cash.
5. Alexander Graham Bell
Bell is the man responsible for the invention of the Telephone in 1876. He was inspired to make that invention after his work as a teacher for the deaf in Hartford, London, Boston, and Connecticut. He continued tutoring individual students even after the creation of the Telephone.
6. Stephen King
While submitting short stories to magazines in an attempt to achieve his big break as a writer, King worked as a teacher on the side at Hampden Academy in Hampden, Maine. He quit teaching after his first novel, Carrie.
7. Hilary Clinton
After moving to Arkansas in 1974 to join her husband, Bill Clinton, Hilary got a job at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, to teach criminal law. She was one of the only two female faculty members at the time.
8. Barack Obama
Before his stint as a state Senator and the President of the United States, Barack Obama was a teacher for 12 years at the University of Chicago, where he taught constitutional law and race theory. As a teacher, Obama has been described by his former students as a diplomatic and challenging lecturer.
9. John Adams
John Adams is another Former President of the United States who spent time teaching in the classroom before becoming a world figure. Adams, an alumnus of Havard University, spent time teaching at the Central School of Worcester even though he would later leave his job after a year to pursue a law career. According to him, education was incredibly boring and unfulfilling.
10. Dan Brown
Dan Bown is best known as a bestselling author, originally had an interest in becoming a musician. While pursuing his interest and career in Hollywood, he taught at Beverly Hills Preparatory School. And later on, while pursuing a career in writing, he taught English and Spanish at the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire.
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When the area around the other party is noisy and it is difficult to hear, you can reduce the surrounding noise to make the speaker's voice easier to hear just by pressing the dedicated button.
Power Back Up Operation
You Can Even Use The Phone During A Power Failure
During an electric power failure, you can supply the power stored in your handset to the base unit, so you can make calls for a certain period of time even when the power is out.
Smart Function Key
Easy Access To Necessary Functions
The Smart Function Key flashes according to the situation. By pressing this key while it is flashing, you can play an answering machine message, or respond to a call.
With the NR Key You Can Easily:
- View the Caller List when there are Missed Calls
- Answer the Call on the Speakerphone
- Answer the Incoming Call
- Stop the Alarm Sound (Then Switch to Snooze Mode)
- Stop Paging
- Enable Noise Reduction During a Call
Key Finder Compatible
The Handset Detects Lost Items
Simply attach the Key Finder to items that you often misplace, and use the handset to find them quickly and easily. You can see roughly how close you are to your lost item on the LCD screen, and both the handset and Key Finder beep when being searched for, making them easy to find. You can add up to four Key Finders (sold separately).
* The optional Key Finder KX-TGA20 is required.
Incoming Call Barring
Stop Unwanted Junk Calls
You can block annoying calls from unwanted numbers. Numbers on your call block list will be blocked (the unit emits no sound to the caller, and disconnects the call) if they call you.
* Requires subscription to the Caller ID service offered by your telephone company.
Centrally Controlled Phonebook
The phonebook can be automatically shared between handsets without having to copy it, so you can use it in the kitchen, the living room, etc. Any handset registered to the base unit can use the shared phonebook.


SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
vol.14 issue6Influence of volleyball in the bone mineral density of female adolescentsAnalysis of localized muscular fatigue in athletes and sedentary subjects through frequency parameters of electromyographic signal author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
On-line version ISSN _PHONE_
AGRESTA, Marisa Cury; BRANDAO, Maria Regina Ferreira and BARROS NETO, Turíbio Leite de. Physical and emotional causes and consequences of career termination in sports. Rev Bras Med Esporte [online]. 2008, vol.14, n.6, pp. 504-508. ISSN _PHONE_.
INTRODUCTION: Elite athletes will have to face sport career termination sooner or later, and this is a crucial and inevitable process that brings about changes in the occupational, financial, social and psychological spheres of their lives, which can be followed by emotional distress. OBJECTIVE: The present study had the aim to research how former Brazilian basketball and professional soccer players have experienced retirement in sports career as well as its causes and consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 79 former elite male athletes (soccer and basketball players) with mean age of 51.75 ± 8.85 years old were assessed. They have been professional athletes for 18.22 ± 4.66 years and had their career termination at about 34.36 ± 4.42 years. A semi-structured interview frame was used and the data were analyzed according to the answers frequency of occurrence for each interview item. RESULTS: It was observed that for 75.9% of these athletes the retirement from sport was their own choice. Age (49.4%) and appearance of other interests (43.0%) were the most frequent reasons related to the retirement. However, they have experienced feelings of sadness (50.6%) and resignation (36.7%) and 43% of the former athletes have experienced worsening in their physical condition after career termination. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the hereby-assessed athletes have experienced a long sports career, but their retirement caused feelings of sadness. On the other hand, old age itself is a limitation for the practice of elite sports, and its acknowledgement has led to resignation.
Keywords : retirement; sports [psychology]; soccer; basketball.


return (x & 0x0f) + (x>>4);
You could also use the OCR0B value to dim the whole display at night.
Decoding the radio time code
Before designing the routines to decode the time code signal I looked at several radio clock programs that have already been published, but they seemed a bit complicated for what I wanted. Although the MSF time code includes the date and day of week, I was only interested in decoding the time. Also, most other approaches I've seen use the signal from the clock module to generate an interrupt, but this makes the decoding complicated because you have to calculate pulse widths, and seems the wrong approach if you have a potentially noisy signal, because you'll have to deal with spurious interrupts.
My approach was to read the input every 2 msec, and store the last 8 values. This was handled by the Average() routine which was called from the display refresh interrupt:
// Buffers last 8 states of radio output (16msec)
void Average () {
 boolean Bit = digitalRead(RadioPin);
 BitCount = BitCount - ((BitBuffer & 0x80) >> 7) + Bit;
 BitBuffer = (BitBuffer<<1) | Bit;
The global variable BitCount gives the number of high bits in the last 8 samples; values over 4 indicate a high level, and below 4 a low level.
The main loop of the program waits for the pulse that marks the start of a minute, and then reads the appropriate time codes that occur once per second during the minute.
In practice I found that a significant proportion of the time codes were corrupted, probably due to radio interference, and although the signal includes a parity bit, some corrupted time codes have correct parity, so that's not a reliable guide. The clock therefore maintains its own time, and only updates the time from the radio signal when it receives two successive time codes with correct parity that differ by one minute.
After first switching on the clock counts from 12:00 until it receives its first radio time code. Whenever it successfully receives a time code it indicates this by displaying the colon on the display.
The radio clock was built on a small prototyping board, and programmed using the SparkFun Tiny AVR Programmer, which I've talked about in an earlier article: ATtiny-Based Beginner's Kit. To use the ATtiny84 with the Arduino IDE you need to install a core giving the pin definitions for the ATtiny chips; the one I used for this project was the Arduino-Tiny core [9]. I used the ATtiny84 with its default 1MHz internal clock.
The program is just over 2Kbytes, so would fit on an ATtiny44, and possibly an ATtiny24 with a bit of optimising.
You can get the full listing here: Radio Time Code Clock Program.
25th July 2014: I've corrected a couple of mistakes in the wiring on the circuit diagram above.
 1. ^ MSF 60 KHz Time Receiver Module With Antenna on PV Electronics.
 2. ^ Time from NPL on Wikipedia.
 3. ^ DCF77 on Wikipedia.
 4. ^ WWVB on Wikipedia.
 5. ^ 4-Digit 7-Segment Display - Blue on Hobbytronics.
 6. ^ 4-Digit 7-Segment Display - Blue on Proto-PIC.
 7. ^ Charlieplexing with LED dot matrix modules on 110111100001.
 8. ^ Hamming weight on Wikipedia.
 9. ^ Arduino-Tiny core on Google Code.
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In this case, you can simply create a CSV file with the new team member names, then upload the file to AccessAlly.
How To Upload Multiple Team Members With a CSV File
1. Prepare Your CSV File
Prepare your CSV file. You can do this in either of two ways:
- Export the CSV file from your CRM
- Create the CSV file manually using a spreadsheet app (Google Sheets, Microsoft Excel, Apple Numbers, etc.). For proper formatting, the first row must be the header that includes the following columns: "First Name", "Last Name", and "Email"
Then, save the CSV file in a place that is easily accessible for Step 3 of this tutorial.
2. Locate the Team
Go to: AccessAlly > Teams > Manage
Here, you can search for the leader of the team by contact ID or email.
3. Import Your CSV File
Now, scroll down to the Batch Import section. Here, you can click on the Choose File button to search for and upload the file you created in step 1 of this tutorial.
Once the file is uploaded, you will see the names and emails of each user from the CSV file. Please review this carefully to make sure the information is correct.
4. Review Import Status
As each user is imported properly, the status will say Client added successfully, as in this screenshot:
NOTE: If the number of imports exceeds the number of available team spaces, you will see an error message:
In this case, simply increase the team size (tutorial here), then re-import your CSV file.
Once the import is completed successfully, the team leader will see each user listed on the management page.


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For a discussion of the Skip by Leading Text Wrap preference, see Chapter 18, "Text Wraps: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly."
For a discussion of the Text Frame First Baseline Position options as well as Align to Baseline Grid, see Chapter 16, "Everything in Its Right Place: Using Grids for a Clean, Structured Look."
A handy shortcut for increasing or decreasing the leading of a selected range of text is pressing Option+Up Arrow (Alt+Up Arrow) to tighten the leading or Option+Down Arrow (Alt+Down Arrow) to loosen the leading. The amount is determined by the value in the Size/Leading field in the Units & Increments Preferences. To increase/decrease the leading value by five times this amount press Cmd+Option+Up Arrow/Down Arrow (Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow/Down Arrow).


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A partial vocabulary of the Yinikurtira Aboriginal people
Petkovic, J. (2007) A partial vocabulary of the Yinikurtira Aboriginal people. IM: Interactive Media (3).
|PDF - Published Version |
Download (236kB) | Preview
*Open access, no subscription required
The Yinikurtira people of the North West region of Australia are generally thought to have been a sub-group of the Talandji language speakers, although the exact nature of their connection is somewhat uncertain.1 The Talandji language is reasonably well documented and still has a few living speakers.2 In contrast, the Yinikurtiri language is classified as extinct. 3 Discovering early Yinikurtira wordlists could potentially give us a productive comparison with the known Talandji language as well as a window into the once vibrant Yinikurtira culture.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||National Academy of Screen and Sound|
School of Media, Communication and Culture
|Publisher:||National Academy of Screen and Sound|
|Copyright:||2009 Murdoch University|
|Item Control Page|


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Whether you are decorating for an "under the sea" party or creating a goldfish-inspired bedroom for your child; creating lively goldfish paper lanterns is an easy and colorful way to spice up any room.
Method 1 of 2: Gather Your Supplies
1Purchase large, colorful paper lanterns. Many craft stores carry them, but also home stores stock large Japanese paper lanterns. Although almost always offered in white, look for lanterns in nautical/colorful hues such as blues, oranges and yellows.Ad
2Pick up matching colored cardstock and white and black felt. You will also need a hot glue gun to affix the cardstock and felt to the lantern. The white and black felt will be used to create the fish's bit round eyes and the cardstock will be cut out and attached as the tail.
3Pick up clear fishing wire if your paper lantern does not come equipped with a kit for hanging. Consider how you will hang the lanterns too and plan accordingly (for example, if you need a hook or nails to mount it to the ceiling).Ad
Method 2 of 2: Create Your Hanging Goldfish
1Measure the paper lantern to determine the fishtail size. You will want the tail to be in proportion to the size of the lantern.
2Create the goldfish tale by tracing a "wavy" heart shape on the cardstock to match the size of the lantern.
- Use the measurements to determine the overall tail size. You want the tail to be slightly smaller than the lantern and large enough that it shows but can stand on its own.
- Lightly sketch the shape with a pencil until you achieve the desired design. You may want to use the initial tail shape as a template so subsequent tails match.
- Cut out the shape and leave approximately 1" to 2" around the base. You will be attaching the tail to the lantern at the tail base so you will need extra room.
3Attach the tail to the lantern. You will want the tail to appear as though it was created with the lantern.
- Fold the extra paper along the base approximately 1/2". You will attach the tail to the lantern by gluing the fold to the lantern.
- Place several drops of hot glue along the fold and press firmly against the lantern. Hold in place for two to five minutes or until you are confident it has adhered.
4Create the fish's eyes. You will be making one large circle using the white felt and then creating a smaller half-moon circle with the black.
- Cut out a large circle to represent the white's of the fish's eyes. You can go a little larger for a "cartoon" goldfish effect.
- Cut out a half-moon circle (or half circle) to fit along the bottom of the white circle. The black represents the fish's actual eye.
- Glue the white circle 2/3 toward the top of the lantern using hot glue. Hold in place until it adheres.
- Glue the black circle on top of the white, along the bottom of the circle. Use several drops of glue in order to ensure the eye stays in place.
5Tie the fishing wire around the wire structure around the top and hang. This step depends on how you plan to hang the lantern and where. You can either tie the other end of the fishing wire to a lamp or hanging light in the room or you can make it more permanent and use a picture hanging kit to hang it.
We could really use your help!
- Create a goldfish family and purchase paper lanterns in a variety of sizes.


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This House of Commons briefing note gives and overview of the current position of part-time undergraduate education in England. It gives an overview of the numbers of part-time students, the decline in part-time students and discusses the reasons for the decline and the impact on the higher education sector.Jump to full report >>
Up until 2006/07 the number of part-time undergraduate students in England had been rising annually. This steady rise in numbers changed to a fall in 2008/09 and this decline became precipitous from 2011/12.
From a peak of almost 590,000 in 2008/09 part-time student numbers fell to 270,000 in 2018/19; a fall of 53%.
The cause of the collapse in part-time student numbers is complex. The fall in numbers has been attributed to a number of factors: the policy of removing funding for equivalent or lower level qualifications (ELQs), the economic downturn and the 2012 higher education funding reforms which led to an increase in tuition fees.
Part-time students are a very different group demographically to full-time undergraduate students and are less homogenous. Part-time students tend to be older than full-time students and high numbers are female. They are more likely to be in work and have caring responsibilities. Understanding the motivations and behaviours of part-time students could be key to reversing the downward trend in numbers.
The decline in part-time students is more than a concern for individual students. Individuals tend to undertake part-time studies to improve their skills, or to reskill for employment purposes. Part-time higher education can therefore create a more highly skilled workforce which benefits the whole economy and is essential to increase national productivity.
There are also equality issues around part-time education as a high proportion of part-time students come from disadvantaged backgrounds or have disabilities. Part-time higher education is therefore an important part of the widening participation agenda and is a driver of social mobility.
The state of part-time higher education therefore has a far reaching impact and reversing the decline in part-time students could have potentially wide ranging benefits for individuals, society and the economy.
Commons Briefing papers CBP-7966
Authors: Susan Hubble; Paul Bolton


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Oct. 8, 2010 Optical gyroscopes, also known as rotation sensors, are widely used as a navigational tool in vehicles from ships to airplanes, measuring the rotation rates of a vehicle on three axes to evaluate its exact position and orientation. Prof. Koby Scheuer of Tel Aviv University's School of Physical Engineering is now scaling down this crucial sensing technology for use in smartphones, medical equipment and more futuristic technologies.
Working in collaboration with Israel's Department of Defense, Prof. Scheuer and his team of researchers have developed nano-sized optical gyroscopes that can fit on the head of a pin -- and, more usefully, on an average-sized computer chip -- without compromising the device's sensitivity. These gyroscopes will have the ability to pick up smaller rotation rates, delivering higher accuracy while maintaining smaller dimensions, he says. The research was recently described in the journal Optics Express.
"Conventional gyroscopes look like a box, and weigh two or three pounds," Prof. Scheuer explains. "This is fine for an airplane, but if you're trying to fit a gyroscope onto a smaller piece of technology, such as a cellphone, the accuracy will be severely limited."
With laser precision
At the core of the new device are extremely small semi-conductor lasers. As the devices start to rotate, the properties of the light produced by the lasers changes, including the light's intensity and wavelength. Rotation rates can be determined by measuring these differences.
These lasers are a few tens-of-micrometers in diameter, as compared to the conventional gyroscope, which measures about 6 to 8 inches, says Prof. Scheuer. The device itself, when finished, will look like a small computer chip. Measuring a millimeter by a millimeter (0.04 inches by 0.04 inches), about the size of a grain of sand, the device can be built onto a larger chip that also contains other necessary electronics.
Prof. Scheuer and his team of researchers are currently working on lab demonstrators of the device, which he predicts will be ready for testing in a few years' time.
Tracking inside the body
When available, the nano-gyroscopes will improve technologies that we use every day. When you rotate an iPhone, for example, the screen adjusts itself accordingly. A nano-gyroscope would improve the performance of this feature and be sensitive to smaller changes in position, says Prof. Scheuer. And that's not all. Nano-gyroscopes integrated into common cellphones could provide a tracking function beyond the capabilities of existing GPS systems. "If you find yourself in a place without reception, you would be able to track your exact position without the GPS signal," he says.
There are benefits to medical science as well. Right now, small capsules that contain cameras pass through the body during some diagnostic procedures, but to know where the capsule is within a patient, doctors must track its signal from the outside. With the addition of a nano-gyroscope, explains Prof. Scheuer, the capsule would have a built-in navigation system, which would provide the ability to move the capsule to more specific and precise locations within the body.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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Donate now to keep our Light Horse name alive.
Your donation is very much appreciated.
1901 began the first century of Australian Federation. One enduring legend developed from the beginning of this new nation to take its place as an icon of Australian history, that is, the Australian Light Horse. Formed in 1903 from a long series of state traditions reaching back many decades, the Light Horse is closely identified with the values to which most Australians aspire and so strikes an formidable chord within the national narrative. With this movement came the various Australian themes of mateship, lending a hand, and specific symbols such as the Charge at Beersheba and the use of emu plumes in the felt hat. As time progressed, the Light Horsemen seem to have taken on a mythical quality that transcends the reality of their story. The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre was established to peel away these legends and present an accurate description about this era. Through careful scholarship this site aims to provide people who have an interest in this particular phase of Australian history an ability to meet with the historical Light Horsemen and so gain a clear version of the life lead by these men, their families and the society in which they lived during the formative period from 1899 to 1920. It is through accurate commentary that these folk gain their honour and well deserved place within the Australian Story.
WARNING: This site contains names, information and images of deceased people which may cause distress to relatives or cultures who may be sensitive to the display of such material. In addition, there may be words and descriptions which might not normally be used in certain public or community contexts. While reflecting the attitudes of the period when written they may be considered inappropriate today.
While not given the recognised status enjoyed by all other
non-indigenous people in
Other AIF Units
10th Light Horse Regiment
11th Light Horse Regiment, 20th Reinforcement
The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre is a not for profit and non profit group whose sole aim is to write the early history of the Australian Light Horse from 1900 - 1920. It is privately funded and the information is provided by the individuals within the group and while permission for the use of the material has been given for this site for these items by various donors, the residual and actual copyright for these items, should there be any, resides exclusively with the donors. The information on this site is freely available for private research use only and if used as such, should be appropriately acknowledged. To assist in this process, each item has a citation attached at the bottom for referencing purposes. Please Note: No express or implied permission is given for commercial use of the information contained within this site.


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It turns out that alligators do not live on meat alone. Neither do Nile crocodiles. A new study led by the Wildlife Conservation Society says that the American alligator and a dozen other crocodile species enjoy an occasional taste of fruit along with their normal meat-heavy diets of mammals, birds, and fish.
The study gives new insight into the possible role that crocodilians, some of which have large territories, may play in forest regeneration through digesting and passing seeds from fruits.
The study appears in the July issue of the Journal of Zoology. Authors include: Steven Platt of the Wildlife Conservation Society; Ruth M. Elsey of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Hong Liu of Florida International University and the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden; Thomas R. Rainwater of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; James C. Nifong of the University of Florida; Adam E. Rosenblatt and Michael R. Heithaus of Florida International University; and Frank J. Mazzotti of University of Florida.
The authors looked at 18 species of crocodilian ranging from the American alligator to the fearsome Nile crocodile and found 13 of the species consumed some form of fruit including a variety of berries, legumes, nuts, and grains.
While the authors say some of the fruit ingestion may have been incidental to prey capture, evidence shows that other fruit is consumed deliberately and in large quantities. Much remains to be learned about how crocodilians process carbohydrates and other plant-based nutrients, though studies suggests that fruit eating is likely to yield nutritional rewards for crocodilians.
"Although underreported, fruit eating appears widespread among crocodilians," said the study's lead author, Steven Platt of the Wildlife Conservation Society. "Given the biomass of crocodiles in many subtropical and tropical wetlands and their capacity for ingesting large numbers of fruits, we consider it likely that crocodilians function as significant seed dispersal agents in many freshwater ecosystems."


text:
Posted: Sep 26, 2012 9:56 AM by Adam Bell - MTN News
Updated: Sep 26, 2012 8:02 AM
WEST YELLOWSTONEYellowstone National Park moving forward with new steps to help revive the native cutthroat trout population.
Re-establishing the cut throat trout population in Yellowstone National Park is one of the park's top priorities. And now the park is stepping up their efforts with chemicals.
The streams were stocked with non-native Brook Trout decades ago, but their presence brought a decline in the native Cutthroat Trout in the park's lakes, rivers and streams.
Biologists will introduce a fish toxin known as Rotenone into the streams this week to remove the Brook Trout.
While the chemical will be introduced in small quantities, the park advises visitors not to swim in or drink from the streams through October 7. Warning signs will be posted at all treated areas.
This year's treatment is the first in a series that will be conducted until the Brook Trout have been completely removed from the streams. The park will then re-introduce genetically pure native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout to the streams.
The long-term plan is not only to support native species restoration, but also for these streams to provide a brood stock population of Cutthroat for future restoration efforts.
The Rotenone chemical will be introduced to the Elk Creek and its tributaries, near Tower Junction. Park Officials say this project will not impact the nearby Yellowstone River.


American Dictionary of the English Language
Dictionary Search
BASE, adjective
1. Low in place. obsolete
2. Mean; vile; worthless; that is, low in value or estimation; used of things.
3. Of low station; of mean account; without rank, dignity or estimation among men; used of persons.
The base shall behave proudly against the honorable. Isaiah 3:5.
4. Of mean spirit; disingenuous; illiberal; low; without dignity of sentiment; as a base and abject multitude.
5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals, and perhaps to all metals, except gold and silver.
6. Deep; grave; applied to sounds; as the base sounds of a viol.
7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock.
8. Not held by honorable tenure. A base estate is an estate held by services not honorable, not in capite, or by villenage. Such a tenure is called base or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.
BASE, noun [Latin basis; that which is set, the foundation or bottom.]
1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests; as the base of a column, the pedestal of a statue, the foundation of a house, etc.
In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft; but when there is no pedestal, it is the part between the bottom of the column and the plinth. Usually it consists of certain spires or circles. The pedestal also has its base
2. In fortification, the exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.
3. In gunnery, the least sort of ordnance, the diameter of whose bore is l 1/4 inch.
4. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.
5. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone.
6. In old authors, stockings; armor for the legs.
7. The place from which racers or tilters start; the bottom of the field; the carcer or starting post.
8. The lowest or gravest part in music; improperly written bass.
9. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars.
10. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. Any side of a triangle may be called its base but this term most properly belongs to the side which is parallel to the horizon. In rectangled triangles, the base properly, is the side opposite to the right angle. The base of a solid figure is that on which it stands. The base of a conic section is a right line in the hyperbola and parabola, arising from the common intersection of the secant plane and the base of the cone.
11. In chimistry, any body which is dissolved by another body, which it receives and fixes. Thus any alkaline, earthy or metallic substance, combining with an acid, forms a compound or neutral salt, of which it is the base Such salts are called salts with alkaline, earthy or metallic bases.
12. Thorough base in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing and other instruments perform their parts, or during the intervals when the other parts stop. It is distinguished by figures over the notes.
Counter base is a second or double base when there are several in the same concert.
BASE, verb transitive To embase; to reduce the value by the admixture of meaner metals. [Little Used.]
2. To found; to lay the base or foundation.
To base and build the commonwealth of man.


Reading File Content
by Martin Seiler (modified: 2007 Feb 26)
In this tutorial I'll briefly explain how one can load the content of an ASCII file into a single string.
The deferred class FILE cannot be used directly as it is deferred.
The descendant PLAIN_TEXT_FILE is what we're actually looking for.
Basic steps
The basic steps are the following: local l_file: PLAIN_TEXT_FILE l_content: STRING do create l_file.make_create_read_write (a_path) l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) l_content := l_file.last_string.twin l_file.close end
Let's have a brief look at each single line:
Opening a file
We instantiate the class and open the file directly for read. Doing it like that has the advantage that it is just one line. create l_file.make_create_read_write (a_path) Note: It might happen that the postcondition is violated if you don't have the permission to do the file operation for the path specified. We will later take this into account.
Reading from a file
l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) There are several other read methods available. For example you can use read_line to read a single line of a given file. l_content := l_file.last_string.twin As the command/query separation principle is implemented, the result is always stored in last_.... Reading an integer from an ASCII file would look the following:\ l_file.read_integer l_integer := l_file.last_integer Note that we perform a call to twin for instances of type string as there is only one buffer per file object and it is overwritten by the next read command. If we do a twin we make sure that we don't have any surprising side effects later. So in general I recommend to do it for all non expanded types.
Closing a file
l_file.close Last but not least we close the file to free system resources. However, if we simply set the reference to Void this will do job as well, as the garbage collector calls dispose before he collects the object, which in turn calls close if the file is still open.
Better error handling
The creation feature we used so far initializes the object and tries to open the file right away. If the files does not exist an attempt to create it will be made. Which may possibly fail if you don't have the proper rights to do so. Still, the file will be empty and this is maybe not what the original intention of the programmer was.
To get more control over the whole process I recommend a different, more sophisticated way of achieving the same: local l_file: PLAIN_TEXT_FILE do create l_file.make (a_path) -- We perform several checks until we make a real attempt to open the file. if not l_file.exists then print ("error: '" + a_path + "' does not exist%N") else if not l_file.is_readable then print ("error: '" + a_path + "' is not readable.%N") else l_file.open_read l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) Result := l_file.last_string.twin l_file.close end end end This feature checks several possible error conditions and prints error messages. The pattern will be the same in most cases, but the error handling will most likely depend on you application. So you could write a feature suited for your application with proper error handling and then simply reuse that feature whenever you need to open a file. If you don't want to copy paste the code all the time and just change the two error handling lines a more fine tuned class could implement the observer pattern implemented by using agents.


Meaning of DISH (SOMETHING) OUT in English
dish something ↔ out phrasal verb ( see also ↑ dish )
1. to give something to various people in a careless way:
We dished out some leaflets there too.
Paul tends to dish out unwanted advice.
2. to serve food to people:
Sam's dishing out sandwiches if you want one.
3. somebody can dish it out but they can't take it used to say that someone often criticizes other people, but does not like being criticized