Difference Between m commerce and e commerce
m commerce vs e commerce
m commerce and e commerce are the latest mode of doing business over the internet. The term e commerce has been around for quite some time now and a vast majority of people know about it. But the recent addition of m commerce has made the situation a little bit confusing for some. Despite being similar in nature, as both involve buying and selling with the help of internet, there are many glaring differences between the two. This article intends to clear the doubts and myths surrounding both the concepts.
In layman's terms, m commerce is the practice of conducting activities that are both financial and promotional in nature, with the help of mobile phones though it technically also includes use of other handheld wireless devices. It is an abbreviation of mobile commerce, and the process establishes the fact that it is possible to carry out financial transactions using mobile phones. Though the concept of m commerce is relatively new, it has taken the world by storm and is being used increasingly by people having mobile phones with internet facility. One of the most basic examples of m commerce is sending of promotional messages through mobile phones though there is no use of internet in it.
Users can book movie tickets on their net enabled phones and theatre can send tickets using different technologies to their phones. Users can show these tickets at the entrance of theatres. In the same manner, coupons, discount offers and loyalty cards can be sent to mobile phones and people can get these offers at retail outlets by showing their phones at the venues.
With the arrival of 4G, it is possible to purchase a movie and download it on a mobile phone within seconds.
A very good example of m commerce is mobile banking where a customer can use his phone to access his account and make remittances to different companies.
Using net on their mobiles, people can shop online just as they would using their desktops and laptops.
An abbreviation of electronic commerce, e commerce is the process of conducting financial transactions over internet. With exponential increase in the use of internet, e commerce has increased tremendously over the last few years. Apart from internet marketing and online transactions, e commerce has pervaded our lives because of the use of swap machines at almost every retail outlet where customers pay using their credit and debit cards. In almost every transaction using e-commerce, there is the use of internet at some point of transaction. E commerce can take place between two companies, when it is called B2B, or between companies and customers, where it is called B2C. One good example of B2C would be amazon.com which is an online shopping portal where customers visit online, choose products of their choice, make payments using their credit cards and receive the products via shipping. This is a perfect example of online shopping.
Difference between m commerce and e commerce
Technically speaking, m commerce is a part of e commerce which allows a person to conduct transactions using his mobile phone. It is sometimes referred to as next generation m commerce. It enables a person to shop from anywhere. It also enables companies and sellers to come closer to the end users. Despite obvious similarities, there are many differences between m commerce and e-commerce.
Difference between m commerce and e commerce
› E commerce is available to only those places where we have net connectivity, but with m commerce we are free from all such boundaries.
› Video conferencing has become possible with m commerce even in places where there is no internet.
› E commerce not only needs internet but also electricity whereas there is no such requirement with m commerce.
› M commerce is easier to get to in comparison to e commerce but at present, using m commerce is costlier than using e commerce.
 - Abdelhalim
 nice description, thanks alot
 - _URL_ M. Antoinette Jerom
 Good article, but it would have been better if the points jotted were elaborated more ;)


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Shahadat Hossain
Contested Water Supply: Claim Making and the Politics of Regulation in Dhaka, Bangladesh
336 p., 24 b/w ill, 1 color ill., 21 b/w photos, 30 color photos.
soft cover
ISBN 978-3-515-10404-3
Offering an alternative reading of the contested nature of access to public resources in Dhaka, this book argues that the contestation of access cannot be explained only by the city's rapidly growing population; it rather describes it as a product of context-specific structures of power and dependency – "the politics of regulation".
This study gives a detailed account of the large diversity of local arrangements and their underlying strategies for negotiation and legitimation in the process of claim making to water supply. It presents constellations of influential actors and their interests and explains how their negotiations in an unbalanced power structure determine the distribution of and access to public water supplies.
The author followed an ethnographic research approach and applied a complex and innovative set of qualitative methods for investigation in a low income inner-city squatter area and in a growing peripheral settlement of Dhaka. Frequent participation in adda (casual talks), and personal access to the water supply authority enabled him to observe the routines of everyday life and the complexities of public decision making.
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Angelos Chaniotis (Hrsg.)
Unveiling Emotions. Vol. 3
Arousal, Display, and Performance of Emotions in the Greek World
Wolfgang Hübner
"Disiecti membra poetae"
Neue Spuren des astrologischen Lehrdichters Dorotheos von Sidon


text:
Q : What is Legislative Data Group in Fusion HCM?
Legislative data groups are a means of partitioning payroll and related data. At least one legislative data group is required for each country where the enterprise operates. Each legislative data group is associated with one or more payroll statutory units. Each legislative data group marks a legislation in which payroll is processed, and is associated with a legislative code, currency and its own cost key flexfield structure.
Q : What are Oracle Fusion Trees?
Oracle Fusion trees are graphical representations of hierarchical data such as the structure of your organization. Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM) provides predefined tree structures for department, organization, position, and geography trees. You cannot change the predefined HCM tree structures. With the exception of geography trees, you can create multiple trees for each HCM tree type, and multiple versions of each tree. For all HCM tree types, however, only one version of each tree can be active at one time.
Q : If you update an assignment record multiple times in a single day, can you still track the record, if yes how?
For some objects, such as assignments, more than one update per day is maintained by creating a physical record for each update. Such objects include an effective sequence number in each physical record to show the order in which updates made to an object on a single day were applied.
Q : What is Functional Setup Manager or FSM as it is more commonly known as?
Oracle Fusion Functional Setup Manager (FSM) is an application that provides an end-to-end guided process for managing your functional implementation projects throughout the entire implementation life cycle.
Q : What is Enterprise Structure Configurator (ESC) and what are the benefits of using it?
The ESC is an interview-based tool that guides you through the configuration of your enterprise structures. Use the ESC as part of your set up to define the organization structures and job and position structures of the enterprise.
To access ESC, In the Setup and Maintenance work area, select the Establish Enterprise Structures task under the Define Initial Configuration task list.
Benefits of ESC:
- Create all the organizational structures at one time.
- Create multiple configurations to test multiple scenarios.
- Review the enterprise configuration prior to loading it.
- Rollback an enterprise configuration after loading it.
Q : What do you understand by Reference Data Sharing?
In oracle Fusion Reference data sharing facilitates sharing of configuration data such as jobs, grades across business units. It can be understood as buckets of reference data assigned to multiple business units. It helps to reduce duplication and maintenance by sharing common data across business entities where appropriate. In Oracle Fusion Applications reference data sharing feature is also known as SetID. A set, which is available out of the box is called Common Set
In HCM Set enabled objects are: Departments, Locations, Jobs & Grades
Q : What's the difference between the Watchlist and the Worklist?
Watchlist feature provides a set of shortcuts to items that you want to track or that require your attention. Watchlist is used to see a count for each item and to navigate to the relevant work area where you can view or perform tasks on the item. For example, a Watchlist item is for expense reports awaiting submission. You can see how many expense reports you have created but not yet submitted, and click the Watchlist item link to navigate to the work area where these reports appear.
Whereas Worklist feature presents workflow tasks that require your approval or other action, as well as notifications for you to view. Worklist is used to manage tasks, access their details, or take appropriate action. For example, some managers might see approval tasks for invoices, and select a particular task to approve, reject, or otherwise act on the corresponding invoice.
Q : Could you please list down some of common task used during implementation
Here are few basic and frequently used task
1. Manage Enterprise HCM Information
2. Manage Legal Entity HCM Information
3. Manage Legal Addresses
4. Manage Legal Entity
5. Manage Location
6. Manage Divisions
7. Manage Departments
8. Manage Business Unit
9. Manage Actions
10. Manage Job
11. Manage Grades
12. Manage Profile Options
13. Manage Gallery Portrait
14. Manage Person Types
15. Manage Common Lookups
16. Manage Review Periods
17. Manage Performance Document Types
18. Manage Worker Goal Setting Profile Option Values
19. Manage Worker Goal Setting Lookups
20. Manage Goal Management Notification Settings
P.S. Task names are not case-sensitive
Q : What is distribution threshold in fusion performance management?
When we create Rating Model for performance management we do define Rating Distribution to tell what is the minimum and maximum percentage of worker should fall in each rating level. This is more commonly known as Normalization. Now the Distribution Threshold is a filed to control "Number of eligible workers a manager must have to see distribution target".
Q : How many sections a performance template can hold and what are those?
An Oracle Fusion Performance Template can hold maximum of six sections, which are given below
1. Competency Section
2. Goal Section
3. Worker Final Feedback Section
4. Manager Final Feedback Section
5. Questionnaire Section
6. Overall Review Section
Q : What are the different absence type patterns available in Fusion Absence Management?
An absence pattern contains a predefined set of rules that you can use as a starting point to create an absence type. The pattern that you select determines whether special fields appear on the absence type pages, as well as the options available to display and process various aspects of absence recording. For example, the Illness or injury pattern displays a field that enables you to select whether the absence type applies for childbirth or adoption placement.
Following are the three patterns available in Fusion Absence Management.
- Illness or injury
- Childbirth or placement
- Generic absence
Q : What are the different plan types available in Fusion Absence Management?
There are three different plan types available in Fusion Absence Management, which are given below:
Use this type to create absence plans that enable workers to accrue time for the purpose of taking paid leave, for example, a vacation plan. Our requirement qualifies for this plan type.
Use this type to create an absence plan where workers qualify for the plan as a result of events, such as long term illness or maternity, and receive payments during the absence period.
Create absence plans of this type to track paid or unpaid absences without maintaining an accrual balance or providing leave entitlements, such as periodic accruals. You can also use plans of this type in combination with a qualification plan. For example, use a no-entitlement plan to pay workers if they are not eligible for a standard maternity absence qualification plan.
Q : What is Legislative Data Group in Fusion HCM?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Nature Conservancy's successful island restoration and innovative conservation practices have inspired countless scientists and conservationists around the world. And now, Santa Cruz Island has motivated novelists as well. Best-selling author T.C. Boyle—author of such works as The Women, The Tortilla Curtain, and A Friend of the Earth—has written a new novel principally set on Santa Cruz Island and inspired by The Conservancy's and the National Park Service's scientists work. The story of Santa Cruz Island—and its incredible return from the brink of ecological collapse—is nothing short of remarkable. The Conservancy is announcing a contest to win a trip to this iconic place.
Come meet the scientists who are saving Santa Cruz Island and learn more about our work firsthand. You and a guest could win a trip to see animals like the Island fox that exist nowhere else on Earth and stay overnight at a historic ranch. To enter the contest to win an island adventure got to _URL_ or text "TNC" to 5055.
At 96 square miles, Santa Cruz Island is the largest and most biodiverse of California's eight Channel Islands. It is graced with a nearly unimaginable 77-mile stretch of California coastline surrounding two mountain ranges which flank a central valley. Often referred to as the "Galapagos of North America," Santa Cruz Island is home to animals and plants found nowhere else on Earth, including the island fox and island scrub-jay.
Author T.C. Boyle was inspired by his own trip to Santa Cruz Island with The Conservancy. View his interview at _URL_
Boyle's new book, When the Killing's Done, tells the fictionalized tale of the island's restoration. What isn't fictional is the conscious struggle scientists universally face as we attempt to exert control over the natural world for the good of the whole. This has been a real challenge for The Conservancy's scientists both personally and professionally on Santa Cruz Island.
"It's our job to preserve nature, but sometimes that requires making hard choices. There is nothing pleasant about having to kill an animal," said The Nature Conservancy Santa Cruz Island Director Lotus Vermeer. "My love of nature is what brought me to this job in the first place. But what is very clear to me is that when native plants and animals like the Santa Cruz Island fox are at risk, and natural systems are threatened, we are morally obligated to take responsibility for undoing the damage that we have caused."
The Nature Conservancy is proud to be featured in this book, which highlights our collaborative work with our partner the National Park Service on Santa Cruz Island. Since 1978, The Nature Conservancy has achieved extraordinary restoration success on Santa Cruz Island, including the re-establishment of bald eagles, removal of all feral sheep and pigs, vaccinating island scrub-jays against West Nile Virus and bringing the native Santa Cruz Island fox back from the brink of extinction.
- To enter the contest visit _URL_ or text "TNC" to 5055
- Official contest rules—_URL_
- To learn more about the Conservancy's Santa Cruz Island work—_URL_
The Nature Conservancy is a leading conservation organization working around the world to protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people. The Conservancy and its more than 1 million members have protected nearly 120 million acres worldwide. Visit The Nature Conservancy on the Web at _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Now, doctoral research by evolutionary biologist Kathryn Lord at the University of Massachusetts Amherst suggests the different behaviors are related to the animals' earliest sensory experiences and the critical period of socialization. Details appear in the current issue of Ethology.
Until now, little was known about sensory development in wolf pups, and assumptions were usually extrapolated from what is known for dogs, Lord explains. This would be reasonable, except scientists already know there are significant differences in early development between wolf and dog pups, chief among them timing of the ability to walk, she adds.
To address this knowledge gap, she studied responses of seven wolf pups and 43 dogs to both familiar and new smells, sounds and visual stimuli, tested them weekly, and found they did develop their senses at the same time. But her study also revealed new information about how the two subspecies of Canis lupus experience their environment during a four-week developmental window called the critical period of socialization, and the new facts may significantly change understanding of wolf and dog development.
When the socialization window is open, wolf and dog pups begin walking and exploring without fear and will retain familiarity throughout their lives with those things they contact. Domestic dogs can be introduced to humans, horses and even cats at this stage and be comfortable with them forever. But as the period progresses, fear increases and after the window closes, new sights, sounds and smells will elicit a fear response.
Through observations, Lord confirmed that both wolf pups and dogs develop the sense of smell at age two weeks, hearing at four weeks and vision by age six weeks on average. However, these two subspecies enter the critical period of socialization at different ages. Dogs begin the period at four weeks, while wolves begin at two weeks. Therefore, how each subspecies experiences the world during that all-important month is extremely different, and likely leads to different developmental paths, she says.
Lord reports for the first time that wolf pups are still blind and deaf when they begin to walk and explore their environment at age two weeks. "No one knew this about wolves, that when they begin exploring they're blind and deaf and rely primarily on smell at this stage, so this is very exciting," she notes.
She adds, "When wolf pups first start to hear, they are frightened of the new sounds initially, and when they first start to see they are also initially afraid of new visual stimuli. As each sense engages, wolf pups experience a new round of sensory shocks that dog puppies do not."
Meanwhile, dog pups only begin to explore and walk after all three senses, smell, hearing and sight, are functioning. Overall, "It's quite startling how different dogs and wolves are from each other at that early age, given how close they are genetically. A litter of dog puppies at two weeks are just basically little puddles, unable to get up or walk around. But wolf pups are exploring actively, walking strongly with good coordination and starting to be able to climb up little steps and hills."
These significant, development-related differences in dog and wolf pups' experiences put them on distinctly different trajectories in relation to the ability to form interspecies social attachments, notably with humans, Lord says. This new information has implications for managing wild and captive wolf populations, she says.
Her experiments analyzed the behavior of three groups of young animals: 11 wolves from three litters and 43 dogs total. Of the dogs, 33 border collies and German shepherds were raised by their mothers and a control group of 10 German shepherd pups were hand-raised, meaning a human was introduced soon after birth.
At the gene level, she adds, "the difference may not be in the gene itself, but in when the gene is turned on. The data help to explain why, if you want to socialize a dog with a human or a horse, all you need is 90 minutes to introduce them between the ages of four and eight weeks. After that, a dog will not be afraid of humans or whatever else you introduced. Of course, to build a real relationship takes more time. But with a wolf pup, achieving even close to the same fear reduction requires 24-hour contact starting before age three weeks, and even then you won't get the same attachment or lack of fear."
Kathryn Lord | Source: Newswise
Further information: _URL_
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... two engines aircraft project "Elektro E6".
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Cheaper clean-energy technologies could be made possible thanks to a new discovery.
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The Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT generated a lot of interest at the LASER World of Photonics 2013 trade fair with its numerous industrial laser technology innovations.
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text:
Does food insecurity contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in BMI?
Ramsey, Rebecca & Giskes, Katrina (2008) Does food insecurity contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in BMI? In Population Health Congress, 6-9 July 2008, Brisbane, Qld. (Unpublished)
Introduction: Food insecurity is a social determinant of health and is defined as limited ability to access sufficient amounts of nutritionally adequate or safe food for a healthy and active life. Food insecurity is associated with poor health status and the exacerbation of other health inequalities. This study examined whether an association existed between 1) socioeconomic position (SEP) and food insecurity and 2) food insecurity and weight status.
Methods: Data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey was analysed. A random sample of households (n = 13 858) were asked about dietary habits and food choices. Information about gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, household income and whether the household had run out of money to purchase food in the previous 12 months was obtained and analysed using chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: Income was significantly associated with food insecurity; households with lower income were at higher risk of food insecurity. Lower income males were nine times more likely to experience food insecurity and lower income females were three times more likely to experience food insecurity than their higher income counterparts. Food insecurity was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) among women but not men. Women experiencing food insecurity were at higher risk of overweight/obesity according to BMI and waist circumference measures.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests that low income households are at higher risk of food insecurity and women who are food insecure are at higher risk of being overweight or obese. Food insecurity may mediate the association between SEP and BMI.
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|Item Type:||Conference Item (Poster)|
|Keywords:||Food security, Food insecurity, Socioeconomic inequalities, Weight status, Obesity, Body mass index|
|Subjects:||Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES (110000) > NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (111100) > Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified (111199)|
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES (110000) > PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES (111700) > Epidemiology (111706)
|Divisions:||Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Health|
Current > Institutes > Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
Current > Schools > School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences
|Copyright Owner:||Copyright 2008 please consult the authors|
|Deposited On:||27 Nov 2012 10:15|
|Last Modified:||27 Nov 2012 10:15|
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text:
Role: MIS Analyst Retail Operations
Qualification: Any Graduation or above
Experience: 5+ years in MIS
Send your CV to : _EMAIL_
MIS analyst Retail Operations
- Create and design reports from existing information systems and analyse the results for management decision making.
- Read raw data and create daily / weekly / monthly MIS reports, Preparing & implementing actionable reports for different frequencies (Daily, Monthly, Quarterly, etc.)
- Generate timely and accurate reports for analysis. Creating MIS/ Dashboard report and presenting it to the concern Department.
- MIS reporting by using MS Excel & Advance Excel like Pivot, Lookup, Conditional formatting at Operational level.
- Produce time sensitive information and provide actionable data that will assist Senior Management in planning and managing the core functions of the business.
- Analyze large sets of data and measure against historical performance
- Participate in cross-functional meetings to resolve recurring business/internal issues.
- Be active part of process automation and MIS automation in the new software environment
- Provide recommendations to update current MIS to improve efficiency and consistency in reporting.
- Perform data analysis for generating Sale and Cost reports on periodic basis.
- Provide strong reporting and analytical information support to management team.
- Generate both periodic and ad hoc reports as needed by management.
Functional Area: Retail/ FMCG
Reporting to: Group MD
Employment Type: Permanent/ Full time
Salary: plus Expat benefits


text:
The use of fritting for small nibbles probably comes from to fritter - to break into small pieces. But frit/fritting and fritter have completely different language roots.
That is an interesting theory. Generally frit is made by immersing hot glass in water. Rapid cooling and thermal shock causes the glass to harden and crumble.There are two ways this can be done.
1. Run molten glass from the furnace into a bucket of water.
2 Heat up broken glass (cullet) to about 500 degrees Celsius and drop into a bucket of water.
To a degree, Wrightoutlook is correct - this is a semantic argument. You can call these things whatever you like. Dealers and auctioneers are welcome to make up as many terms as they like. But they should not be misleading. For example, a fleabite is a very sensible term for a concoidal fracture. It can be instantly understood by anyone from a novice to an expert. This is because it conjures up a visual image and the term does not have any other meaning within glass making terminology.
To use the term "cullet" to describe a flaw in a paperweight, however, seems to me to be completely erroneous and I have never come across this. As stated clearly stated by others it has a completely different meaning in glass making terminology.
I'm 100% with my namesake, Adam D.
They're stones and at any given point most of us would dearly love to know whether they are formed from unmelted or devitrified batch, or whether they are part of the pot or in a tank furnace, the refractory bricks that have gradually been attacked by the corrosive properties of glass. The only way to tell is send them off to the lab to be analysed. Rather expensive.
You can hardly see the small ones when the glass is hot, but if you do, you can pull them out with tweezers and shears and melt in the shear marks. Easier said than done, specially with big pieces.


text:
The 2DECOMP&FFT library is a software framework in Fortran to build large-scale parallel applications. It is designed for applications using three-dimensional structured mesh and spatially implicit numerical algorithms. At the foundation, it implements a general-purpose 2D pencil decomposition for data distribution on distributed-memory platforms. On top, it provides a highly scalable and efficient interface to perform three-dimensional distributed FFTs.
Elemental is a C++ framework for distributed-memory dense linear algebra that strives to be fast, portable, and programmable. It can be thought of as a generalization of PLAPACK to element-by-element distributions that also makes use of recent algorithmic advances from the FLAME project. Elemental usually outperforms both PLAPACK and ScaLAPACK, however, it heavily relies on MPI collectives so a good MPI implementation is crucial. Both pure MPI and hybrid OpenMP-MPI configurations are supported.


text:
Indicadores de produção científica - Série histórica 2000-2004 CEFET-RN
Leite, José Yvan Pereira
Araújo, André Luis Calado
Santos, Jerônimo Pereira dos
Monte, Glauco Teixeira do
MetadadosMostrar registro completo
This work presents a historical rescue of the implantation of research actions in CEFETRN. It shows the distribution of research groups in performance in 2004 and analyzes the distributions for educational management, sex, the teaching insertion in group of research and post-graduation titles. These data were collated from the productivity of the researchers in relation to the educational management and the group where it is tied. A growth of 155% of the groups of research was observed, reaching 23 groups, as also a significant increase of formation in post-graduation courses. Productivity grows softly. About 27% of the professors are inserted in research groups, and the Department of Natural Resources, for example, presents 80% of its professors in groups and its intellectual production represents 56% of the whole Institution in the period of 2000-julho/2004. The relation of doctors and students per group of research is 0.6 with growth, respectively of 27.2% and 149.5% in the period of 2002-julho/2004.


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JPEGs are smaller in size then PNGs. So. I thought that if I can make the "background" in a jpegfile transparent with some code maybe I save some kilobytes.
So does anyone now for example how to make the color "_TAG_" in an image transparent, with PHP or JS?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
JPEGs are not always smaller in size than PNGs. Each format has its uses. JPEGs are great for complex images like photographs and will have a smaller file size than PNGs when compressing a photo. PNGs are great for logos or buttons and will be smaller than a JPEG when compressing those kinds of images.
JPEGs do not support transparency so what you're hoping to do is not possible. Use a PNG as it would be ideal for this kind of an image.
share|improve this answer
or a gif if the picture is simple enough as they usually have smaller sizes then png. – corymathews Aug 31 '11 at 17:34
_USER_ actually PNG is always smaller than GIF when using the same conditions. GIFs are limited to 256 colours and PNGs aren't, but you can reduce PNGs to 256 colours and then it will be smaller file size than a GIF. – DisgruntledGoat Sep 1 '11 at 10:35
"On adding alpha channels to JPEG images" requires you to embedded the PNG alpha layer into the JPEG image as metadata, and then use Javascript to convert the tag to and process that alpha layer.
His example works in Firefox and Webkit browsers, but not in my IE8.
Given the amount of work (preparing a JPEG file with PNG alpha layer) and problem in IE8 I would not recommend this. Instead you can use OptiPNG to optimize PNG size.
share|improve this answer
+1 for technically interesting, if highly impractical. – Su' Aug 31 '11 at 8:11
JPEG compression artefacts would mean that a lot of pixels you might expect to be _TAG_ aren't - unless you use lossless JPEG, in which case you're not getting the compression benefits you expressly want.
In the future you may be able to do this with CSS clip, but at the moment arbitrary polygons don't see to be supported.
The best way to achieve this with a JPEG that I can see is to use SVG. Either use the JPEG as a pattern image to fill a polygon, or create a polygonal clip for it.
share|improve this answer
I've developed lossy PNG to make such hacks unnecessary. You can have small file and transparency and a cake too.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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1 – INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM
Select Install CentOS 7 and press Enter
Press Enter to begin the installation
Select your Language and click Continue
Complete any items marked with the Exclamation icon. Only the Installation Destination should be marked and will be automatic partitioning by default. Click Installation Destination
By default automatic partitioning is selected. Review the automatic partitioning and confirm it suits your needs and click Done. Otherwise, you'll need to manually complete the partitioning (beyond this tutorial).
CentOS 7 will now begin to install. Click Root Password to set the password while you wait for the installation to finish.
Enter your Root password twice and click Done. CentOS will rate the strength of your password and obviously the stronger the better.
Once the installation completes, click Reboot.
The boot menu will automatically boot CentOS 7
2 – LOGIN AS ROOT
3 – CONFIGURE NETWORK ADAPTER
4 – INSTALL VMWARE TOOLS (Optional)
If this installation of CentOS 7 is a VMWare Guest OS, you may wish to install the VMWare Tools by running the following command:
yum -y install open-vm-tools
5 – INSTALL NANO (Optional)
If you are not a fan of the vi text editor, you may wish to install Nano which has a more natural text editor feel to it by running:
yum -y install nano
6 – INSTALL UPDATES
Install updates by running:
yum -y update
7 – CREATE A SUDOER USER
It's best practice to not use the root (super-user) user account. Instead, you should always use a regular user account and allow them root privileges by adding them to the sudoers file. You can then run privileged commands by use the sudo or su commands. Let's first start by creating a user by running the following command (where sigkill is the username):
Next, we want to set the password for our user by running the following command and enter the password twice when prompted:
Here is an example of the output you'll receive
Now that your user is created, you want to add them to the sudoers file. You can edit the sudoers file with vi by running the following command. (NOTE: If you're not familiar with vi, take a look at vi cheat sheet)
Near the end of the sudoers file, locate the following lines
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere root ALL=(ALL) ALL
Add the following line directly below the above lines then save and quit (:wq)
sigkill ALL=(ALL) ALL
Here is an example of how it should look
8 – PREVENT REMOTE SSH ACCESS FOR ROOT
By default, SSH is installed and ready to work once you configure a network adapter. Another best practice is to prevent remote SSH access to the root account.
Locate the following line
Modify the above line to the following then save and quit the file
Restart the SSH Service by running the following command
systemctl restart sshd


text:
One way to achieve the objectives proposed by the UMH is through the Occupational Observatory, whose mission is to increase the level of "employability" of students and graduates, through tools such as internships, job placement, training competency and professional skills, information on labor market dynamics, personalized counseling or promotion of entrepreneurship. Its functions are:
- Management practices of students in companies and institutions.
- Promotion of university-industry relations through educational cooperation agreements and the job market.
- Preparation of reports on the labor market: needs, employability of graduates of the UMH, and so on.
- Organization of activities to facilitate the search for employment in the various campus and advise students in actively seeking their first job.
- Management of business networking with the dual purpose of promoting work placements for students and employment contracts for new graduates.
- Encourage entrepreneurship, train, inform and advise students for entrepreneurship as well as handle the presentation of their business plans for various prizes and contests.
This text has been translated using a machine translation engine.


text:
Dictionary is a type of data structure that supports fast retrieval of key-value pairs. Hashtable, B-tree and binary search trees are among the most frequently used dictionary data structures.
This page benchmarks various C/C++ dictionary libraries. You may see a similar page elsewhere, but I can assure you that this page is the origin and the latest.
To benchmark dictionary with integer keys, a random integer array of 5 million elements is generated with about 1.25 million distinct keys. Each element is then tested whether it is present in the dictionary. If the element is in the dictionary, it will be removed; otherwise, it will be inserted. 625,792 distinct keys will be left in the dictionary after this process. To benchmark dictionary with string keys, the same integer array is converted to char* array using sprintf().
All programs are compiled on Intel-Mac (OS X 10.5, 32-bit gcc-4.2) and Intel-Linux (Debian etch, 64-bit gcc-4.1) with the command-line option: '-g -Wall -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer'.
Benchmark programs are available as udb-latest.tar.bz2. This tar-ball also includes a small program that checks the peak memory usage and a table in Numbers from which the plots below were generated. When you extract the tar-ball, directories with name beginning with underscore contain programs which require pre-installation of libraries; other directories can be compiled straight out of box.
- boost_hash: Boost unordered_map C++ template hash table (chaining). Require the Boost library. No data for Intel-Mac.
- gcc_tr1_hash: g++-4 TR1 unordered_map C++ template hash table (chaining).
- glib_hash: Glib C hash table (chaining). Require glib.
- google_dense: google dense hash table (C++, quadratic probing). Library source codes are included.
- google_sparse: google sparse hash table (C++, quadratic probing). Library source codes are included. This library use 1 bit to represent an unused bucket and therefore is highly memory efficient.
- htable: C hash table (chaining). Someone sent me this library with email, which I have lost unfortunately. I cannot find who is the author. Sorry.
- khash: my C macro hash table (double hashing). This library has been used in bwa, samtools and several of my other projects. It features a good balance between speed and memory.
- qt_QHash: QT C++ hash table (in fact a skipped list). Require QT.
- rde::hash_map: RDE C++ template hash table (linear probing). Library source codes are included. This library caches hashes of keys, which helps speed at the cost of more memory usage.
- sgi_hash_map: SGI STL C++ template hash table (chaining). Although this library is not part of any standard, it is probably most widely used.
- stb_hash: STB (Sean's Tool Box) C marco hash table (double hashing?).
- uthash: a hash table for C structures (chaining).
- JG_btree: John-Mark Gurney's B-tree library in C.
- kbtree: my C macro B-tree modified from JG_btree. Kbtree does not allocate null pointers at leaf nodes and achieves smaller memory footprint. I have also optimized JG_btree a bit, as you can see from the benchmark.
- stx_btree: STX B+-tree template class. A high-performance library with STL interface, slightly outperforming my kbtree. Highly recommended!
- gdsl_rb: red-black tree implementation from the GDSL C library. Standard red-black tree implementation with three pointers in each node.
- glib_tree: red-black tree from the glib C library. Three pointers in each node.
- JE_rb_new and JE_rb_old: from Jason Evans' C macro tree library. JE_rb_new implements a left-leaning red-black tree with each node having two pointers. The color bit is folded into the lowest bit of a pointer. JE_rb_old has three pointers in each node.
- libavl_prb and libavl_rb: from libavl in C. Libavl_prb has three pointers in each node and libavl_rb has two.
- libavl_rb_cpp and libavl_rb_cpp2: my C++ port of libavl_rb. Libavl_rb_cpp2 also folds the color bit into the lowest bt of a pointer, similar to JE_rb_new.
- NP_rbtree: Niels Provos' tree library for FreeBSD using C macros. Standard 3-pointer implementation.
- qt_QMap: from the QT C++ library. Algorithm unknown.
- sgi_map: red-black tree implementation from SGL STL.
- sglib_rbtree: from the SGLIB C macro library. This is the only red-black tree implementation using recursion.
- TN_rbtree: Thomas Niemann's red-black tree. I ported it to C++ quite some time ago.
- libavl_avl: also from libavl (in C).
- libavl_avl_cpp: C++ port of libavl_avl by me.
Other binary search tree
- JE_trp_hash and JE_trp_random: also from Jason Evans' tree library.
- libavl_bst: unbalanced binary search tree from libavl.
- NP_splaytree: splay tree implemented by Niels Provos.
The following figures show the results which are also available as this PDF file where the data table is also included.
C pointers vs. C macros vs. C++ templates
For generic programming in C, people usually use 'void*' pointers to work with type-independent data. However, this always comes with the cost of a pointer for each key. For small keys like integers, the cost is considerable. In C, a better way is to use macros. This way also avoids the overhead on retrieving the data pointed by 'void*' pointers. In most cases, implementations with macros achieve the same speed as fully optimized type-specific implementations. To some extend, C++ templates extend the ability of C macros. They are usually more convenient, but on efficiency they do not do better than C macros.
In this benchmark, libavl_rb_cpp is a literal translation of libavl_rb by replacing 'void*' pointers to keys with actual keys. This simple change makes libavl_rb_cpp both faster and more light-weight.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How can I construct the function segs that returns a list of all contiguous segments in a list? For example, (segs '(l i s t)) should produce the following answer:
(() (t) (s) (s t) (i) (i s) (i s t) (l) (l i) (l i s) (l i s t))
I'm especially interested in how to solve this problem in accordance with the design principles described in HtDP (no, this is not the problem from the book, so please feel free to discuss it!) How to solve it? Which principles to use in program derivation?
share|improve this question
To ask for clarification, post a comment on the answer and/or amend your question, don't try edit the answer itself. – Ryan Culpepper Jan 10 '12 at 19:21
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2 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Start by building up a set of related examples, most trivial first:
(equal? (segs '())
 (list '()))
(equal? (segs '(z))
 (list '()
(equal? (segs '(y z))
 (list '() '(z)
 '(y) '(y z)))
(equal? (segs '(x y z))
 (list '() '(z) '(y) '(y z)
 '(x) '(x y) '(x y z)))
By looking at the examples you can make an observation (which I've used the formatting to highlight): the answer for each example includes the all of the elements from the answer for the previous example. In fact, the contiguous subsequences of a non-empty list are just the contiguous subsequences of its tail together with the non-empty prefixes of the list itself.
So put the main function on hold and write non-empty-prefixes
non-empty-prefixes : list -> (listof non-empty-list)
With that helper function, it's easy to write the main function.
(Optional) The resulting naive function has bad complexity, because it repeats calls to non-empty-prefixes. Consider (segs (cons head tail)). It calls (non-empty-prefixes tail) twice: once because it calls (segs tail) which calls (non-empty-prefixes tail), and again because it calls (non-empty-prefixes (cons head tail)) which calls (non-empty-prefixes tail) recursively. That means the naive function has unnecessarily bad complexity.
The problem is that (segs tail) computes (non-empty-prefixes tail) and then forgets it, so (segs (cons head tail)) has to redo the work. The solution is to hold on to that extra information by fusing segs and non-empty-prefixes into a single function that computes both answers:
segs+ne-prefixes : list -> (values (listof list) (listof non-empty-list))
Then define segs as an adapter function that just drops the second part. That fixes the main issue with the complexity.
(Edited to add) Regarding segs+ne-prefixes: here's one way to define non-empty-prefixes. (Note: the empty list has no non-empty prefixes. No need to raise an error.)
;; non-empty-prefixes : list -> (listof non-empty-list)
(define (non-empty-prefixes lst)
 (cond [(empty? lst)
 [(cons? lst)
 (map (lambda (p) (cons (first lst) p))
 (cons '() (non-empty-prefixes (rest lst))))]))
And segs looks like this:
;; segs : list -> (listof list)
(define (segs lst)
 (cond [(empty? lst) (list '())]
 [(cons? lst)
 (append (segs (rest lst))
 (non-empty-prefixes lst))]))
You can fuse them like this:
;; Return both the contiguous subsequences and the non-empty prefixes of lst
(define (segs+ne-prefixes lst)
 (cond [(empty? lst)
 ;; Just give the base cases of each function, together
 (values (list '())
 [(cons? lst)
 (let-values ([(segs-of-rest ne-prefixes-of-rest)
 ;; Do the recursion on combined function once!
 (segs+ne-prefixes (rest lst))])
 (let ([ne-prefixes
 ;; Here's the body of the non-empty-prefixes function
 ;; (the cons? case)
 (cons '() ne-prefixes-of-rest))])
 (values (append segs-of-rest ne-prefixes)
This function still follows the design recipe (or it would, if I had shown my tests): in particular, it uses the template for structural recursion on a list. HtDP doesn't talk about values and let-values, but you could do the same thing with an auxiliary structure to group the information.
HtDP talks about complexity a little bit, but this sort of regrouping of computation is usually discussed more in an algorithms course, under "dynamic programming and memoization". Note that an alternative to fusing the two functions would have been to memoize non-empty-prefixes; that also would have fixed the complexity.
One last thing: the arguments to append near the end should be reversed, to (append ne-prefixes segs-of-rest). (Of course, that means rewriting all of the tests to use the new order, or writing/finding an order-insensitive list comparison function.) Try benchmarking the two versions of the function on a large list (around 300-400 elements), see if you can tell a difference, and see if you can explain it. (This is more algorithms material, not design.)
share|improve this answer
Ryan, can you explain the mechanics I need to apply to obtain this "fused" segs+ne-prefixes function? – Racket Noob Jan 10 '12 at 19:58
_USER_ Noob, I've added an explanation to the end of my answer. – Ryan Culpepper Jan 10 '12 at 20:11
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There's 2 recursions going on: the first chops atoms off the left, and the second chops atoms off the right. Here's how I'd solve it recursively in 2 functions, in plain terms (since I'm not fluent in Scheme):
Start with the FullList variable in function A,
accumulate right-chop results on FullList from recursive function B,
then chop off the left character of FullList and call function A with it.
Stop when an empty list is received.
Accumulate all results, and you're golden.
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text: The CPC4400s are the first CompactPCI switches compliant with the PICMG 2.16 standard, which offers the option of sending all Ethernet signals through the midplane - enabling designers to vastly increase the inter-board communication capabilities of subsystems located in a CompactPCI chassis. By moving the system traffic from the shared bus architecture of CompactPCI to a fault-tolerant, yet industry standard, switchedbackplane approach, overall system throughput can be doubled while retaining the inherent robustness, reliability and hot-swap capabilities of CompactPCI. The CPC4400s come from the leader in fault tolerant Ethernet switching. They are the first 10/100/1000 Ethernet switches in the cPCI form factor to offer sophisticated high availability switching features including 802.3AD Link Aggregation, VRRP, 802.1q VLANs and 802.1p CoS. They can be configured as fully redundant, non-blocking switching fabrics to help ensure that no single point of failure halts network traffic. The CPC4400s have been specifically designed to make embedded system integration tasks easier. Each comes with a potent scripting language, called Lua, that can be used to easily change switch configuration/behavior, attached client setups, fail-over rules, etc., based on SNMP traps, network events or system configuration changes.


For those in healthcare. By those in healthcare.
Zoeticx leverages crowd funding to introduce TruRecord, medical prescribing software that will address 2.2 million adverse drug reactions in U.S
Zoeticx, the developer of medical software that bridges the gap between medical data and quality patient care, announced a crowd funding campaign for TruRecord, the first subscriber-based, medical prescribing software to leverage advanced DNA testing technology for optimal drug analysis and prevention of adverse drug reactions.
TruRecord improves patient outcomes by reducing the 80,000 annual deaths due to drug adverse reactions, resulting in 289 billion spent annually on malpractice payouts. CDC ranks this as the fourth highest cause of deaths in US. With 30 new medications introduced yearly and 25 percent of patients on multiple medications, the need is growing. The CDC also ranks this as the fourth highest cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer and strokes.
TruRecord is designed to foster better patient outcomes by helping to prevent the 100,000 deaths yearly from drugs that are prescribed properly and 80,000 deaths from those which are not, resulting in 289 billion spent annually on malpractice payouts.
Breaking through drug analysis limitations
Through an intuitive visualization of drug-to-drug interactions, drug-to-allergy interactions, and drug to DNA metabolization, medical professionals can now create what-if scenarios for drug issues, enabling providers to personalize prescriptions. This capability breaks through providers' drug analysis limitations and the burdensome task of scanning and searching text and tables to identify adverse reaction data which is often complex.
These scenarios can now also be more complete with accurate patient medical information from any facility, including integration from existing hospital EHR's through Zoeticx's Patient-Clarity Platform which connects disparate EHR records and enables medical system interoperability.
Mobile devices, HIPAA compliance
TruRecord client interfaces are supported on mobile and web interfaces, providing precise, personalized medication prescription. TruRecord accesses patient medical records via an on-demand, real time access from EHR and EMR systems. Without data duplication, TruRecord complies with all required secure patient privacy protections outlined by HIPAA.
"We built Zoeticx to help medical systems address interoperability, lower accidental deaths and bridge the gap between medical data and better patient outcomes," said Thanh Tran, CEO, Zoeticx. "Today our goal is the same, but a shift toward an additional focus—adverse drug reactions. We are ushering in an era where we can leverage the fruits of DNA research to bring more precise and accurate prescriptions to those who rely on them. TruRecord takes the guess work out of drug interactions and patients by delivering security, peace of mind and accuracy."
crowd funding, drug to DNA metabolization, drug-to-allergy interactions, drug-to-drug interactions, EHR, EMR, HIPAA Compliance, interoperability, subscriber-based, TruRecord, Zoeticx
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text:
or muffin Case
Step by step
Learn how to create a muffin/cupcake case with your Trotec laser machine. Made from our incredibly popular TroLase Thins material, these festive cases will add the perfect finishing touch to your Christmas sweets.
Step by step
Step 1: Design
You can use the template we have provided, or alternatively, you can create your own unique design. The parcels are defined as engraving areas by the black fill. Snow crystals and border lines must be defined as cutting lines (width: hairline; R: 255; G: 0 B: 0). To add a personal touch, simply insert text at the bottom of the graphic.
Step 2: Bend graphic
In order to bend the strip to a muffin case, you need to bend the graphics in Adobe Illustrator using the warping tool. If you are using Corel Draw you need to use the tool 'Envelope' (Menu: Effects > Envelope > Simple arc > Putty). Hold Ctrl and then drag the lines to the desired arc.
Step 3: Settings
Cutting: power: 300% - speed: 1.5% - frequency: 1000 Hzair assist: ON
Engraving: power: 70% - speed: 80% - frequency: 500 ppi - air assist: ON - Z-Offset: 1mm - high quality: ON
In the menu plate setup, select start position bottom. Remove the protection foil from the laminate and check the vacuum. Focus the laser and you are ready to go!
Step 4: Tips & Tricks
- Ensure that you consider the cutting sequence - In the product process the cutting lines are considered bottom up. Place the outline at the top position in Corel Draw Object Manager
- Cover unused parts of the table with paper in order to increase your vacuum.
- Select the engraving start position as 'bottom'. This prevents deposits from setting on engraved areas which could discolour the product.
- First clean with a damp cloth then dry, preferably whilst it is still in the machine.
- If colour residues are present it is important to check the parameters, focus and check the rest of the laminate on the table.


text:
IZOBRAZEVANJE OB DELU Slovenia
Education for adults who are in full time employment. This formula is usually used in formal education
but can be applied to the non-formal education as well. The term was used in Yugoslavia during the socialistcommunist regime. It meant especially the interconnection between work and education. There were
several similar terms which also designated the relation between work and education, like: "izobrazevanje
na delu" (education at work), "izobrazevanje z delom" (education with work), "izobrazevanje iz dela" (education
out of work). All these terms were inscribed in laws and acts in the period of socialist political order
in Yugoslavia (_PHONE_). After the fall of the socialist-communist regime these terms have not been in
use as much as before, but they are still alive. People adopted the term and they use it to define the status
of their education. In Slovenian there is no other suitable word to define adult education students. Officially
the term "non-regular education" has a pejorative connotation in comparison with "regular education"
which refers to the status of the participants in initial education. The term "along the work" was in
practice first used to indicate full time employed individuals involved in education. Later its meaning
became wider and is now used to indicate any adult involved in education. We can compare the term with
similar terms in other languages, indicating part-time students who are not employed full time.
According to Jarvis (1990: 259) "part-time student" is an "adult who is a registered as a student, but
has other obligations, such as work or domestic commitments, and is therefore unable to pursue his/her
studies full time". Similarly, the UNESCO Terminology (1979: 56), gives this definition: "Learning
which involves the selection of one of several different ways of combining employment, leisure and education".
The term in Slovenian does not indicate merely the student, but the participant in formal adult
education in general.
Jarvis, P. (1990) An International Dictionary of Adult and Continuing Education, London & New York:
Titmus, C. et al (ed.) (1979) Terminology of adult education, Paris: UNESCO.
Jelenc, Z. (ed.) (1991) Terminologija izobrazevanja odraslih, Ljubljana: Pedagoški institut.


text:
Notocypraea subcarnea (Beddome 1896)
A Brief Guide to Identification
by Randy Bridges
The original description of Notocypraea subcarnea (Beddome 1896) was followed for years by confusion and mystery. With his notes on the taxonomy of this rare species Lorenz (2005, 2007) effectively clarified the matter. Unfortunately, in those unable to read or unwilling to learn, there still exists some uncertainty regarding this valid (Lorenz 2005; Meyer 2005) taxon. This report outlines the key characteristics of subcarnea, intended to help collectors identify this interesting cowry.
Since the majority of available specimens are beach collected dead shells identification may sometimes be challenging. Normally the key features are evident even in very dead shells. In many collections subcarnea is misattributed to N. angustata (Gmelin 1791) (Fig. 4) or N. comptonii f. casta Schilder & Summers 1963 (Fig. 5). Upon carefully examining the following characteristics the distinction between these taxa is not difficult.
I. Large, sparse and hazy marginal spotting. The marginal spotting is the most readily identifying feature of subcarnea. This characteristic is visible in the specimens shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and the type specimens (Fig. 2). In comparison, angustata exhibits smaller, more numerous and crowded marginal spotting (Fig. 4). N. comptonii f. casta typically exhibits no marginal spotting (Fig. 5) or, in some intermediate forms, characteristically small and crowded spotting.
II. Fine and more numerous teeth. Especially noticeable on the columellar side, this is a very distinguishing feature which is even more apparent in the larger and more elongate varieties. The posterior columellar side shows ribbing while this is mostly smooth in angustata.
III. Wide, strongly curved aperture. The aperture in angustata is narrower and straighter. The anterior terminal ridge in subcarnea is shorter and more curved than angustata.
Other characteristic traits such as the depressed shape and pale color can also be helpful in diagnosing subcarnea. With some care and thoughtful examination, identifying this cowry is relatively easy. It is hoped that collectors will find this brief guide useful for that purpose.
Fig. 1. Specimens of N. subcarnea, from Tasmania.
Row 1: left: Holotype, 22.5 mm.
Row 1: right: North Tasmania, trawled, 22.2 mm.
Row 2: Tinderbox Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, diver at 6 m, 21.3 mm.
Row 3: Port Stanley, Tasmania, beached, 26 mm.
Row 4: Port Stanley, Tasmania, beached, both 29 mm, coll. Chiapponi.
Photo kindly provided by courtesy of Dr. Felix Lorenz
Fig. 2. Beddome's original type specimens of N. subcarnea
Left: Holotype (Natural History Museum, London)
Compiled from Beddome (1898), pl. 21, figs. 8-10.
See also above Fig. 1., Top row: left.
Fig. 3. N. subcarnea from Half Moon Bay, Stanley, Tasmania, 31.5 mm.
Larger, more elongate variety.
Fig. 4. N. angustata from Port McDonnell, South Australia, 28.3 mm.
Fig. 5. N. comptonii f. casta from Port McDonnell, South Australia, 25.8 mm.
BEDDOME, C. E. (1896). Note on Cypraea angustata, Gray, var. subcarnea, Ancey. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 21:467-468. Web,
BEDDOME, C. E. (1898). Notes on species of Cypraea inhabiting the shores of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Linnean Society New South Wales, 22:564-576, pl. 21. Web, , Pl. 21. Web,
GROVE, S. J. (2011). A Guide to the Seashells and other Marine Molluscs of Tasmania:. Web,
LORENZ, F. (2005). Taxonomic Notes on Two Poorly Known Species of Notocypraea (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Visaya, 1(5):16-21.
LORENZ, F. (2007). A preliminary revision of the living Notocypraea. Web,
MEYER, C. (2005). Notocypraea cf. subcarnea, Cowrie Genetic Database Project. Web,


text:
The oral health of our patients is never static. Vulnerabilities and risks for oral diseases and disorders change over a lifetime. With advances in dental science, it is becoming increasingly possible to determine a patient's risk for oral disease and tailor treatments accordingly. Risk assessment uses knowledge of disease indicators and risk factors associated with oral disease to determine which patients are more or less likely to prevent disease, have disease progress, or maintain their oral health status. Best practices dictate that once the clinician identifies the patient's risk for oral disease (low, moderate, high, extreme), evidence-based treatments or recommendations may be used to create a therapeutic and/or preventive care plan that will assist the patient in achieving optimum oral health.
Upon completion of this CE webinar, the student will be able to:
1. Analyze the principles of oral disease management by risk assessment
2. Recognize the value of performing a risk assessment on patients
3. Describe and differentiate between clinical protocols used to manage oral disease and those to improve oral health
disclaimer, bio and commercial disclosure


Trade-Volatility Relationship in the light of Nigeria and the Euro Area.
Source: JAES
In this study, the impact of exchange rate volatility on Nigerian exports to Eurozone countries is investigated. Monthly export data from January 1999 to December 2016 was used. This study utilizes the bounds test approach to cointegration to analyze how exchange rate volatility exerts influence on Nigeria's export to the Euro Area. GARCH (1, 1) is employed to measure the volatility of the Naira/dollar exchange rate. In the considered model, Nigeria's export to the Euro Area is taken as the dependent variable, whilst the independent variables include income of the Euro Area, price and the volatility measure Given that the variables are a combination of I (1) upper bound and I (0),(lower bound the bounds test is used to test for cointegration. After confirming the existence of cointegration, the short-run and long-run coefficients are estimated. The shortrun result shows that price and volatility have negative and positive lagged effects on Nigeria's export, respectively. In the long run, coefficients of price and volatility are significantly positive. The income of the Euro Area has no significant impact on Nigeria's exports in both the short and long run. The study recommends that Government subsidies and a floating exchange rate system are implemented
Journal of Applied Economic Sciences
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Claim a deduction for work clothing
Many employees are required to wear a uniform for work. Even where there is no set uniform as such, many employees have clothes that they wear only to work and regard as 'work clothes'.
So, to what extent, if any, are employees able to claim a deduction for work clothes? And, on the other side of the coin, is there a tax liability if the employee is provided with a uniform or protective clothing by their employer?
General rule for deductibility of expenses
As a general rule, a deduction is only available for employment expenses that are wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred in the performance of the duties of the employment.
This is a hard test to meet, and one which, due to duality of purpose, clothing will fail. Even if an employee wears certain clothes for work, the clothes also provide 'warmth and decency'.
Consequently, while an employee may be required to wear a suit and tie to work and only wears it for work, they have to wear something. Their job dictates the nature of what they wear, but as the clothing also provides warmth and decency the cost is not wholly and exclusively incurred, and as such no deduction will be permitted.
Specific industries: deduction for laundry costs, etc.
Although an employee cannot claim a general deduction for 'work clothing', if they work in certain industries for which a uniform of protective clothing is required, they may be able to get a fixed rate deduction for the repair and maintenance of work equipment, which includes special clothing.
The permissible fixed rate deductions are set out in a table which can be found in HMRC's Employment Income Manual at EIM32712. For example, uniformed prison officers are allowed an annual deduction of £80. It should be noted that the same rates have applied since 2008/09.
Employer-provided clothing
Where the employee is required to wear a particular uniform, often featuring the employer's logo, this may be provided by the employer for the employee to wear.
Where an employer provides a uniform or protective clothing to an employee for them to wear at work, generally, there is no tax liability for the employee, and nothing to report to HMRC. In this context, a 'uniform' is a set of clothing of a specialised nature which is recognisable as a uniform and which is intended to identify its wearer as having a particular occupation, for example, a nurse's uniform or fire service uniform.
By contrast, providing employees with ordinary clothes that are the same but have no identifying feature, such as black trousers and a green shirt, does not satisfy the definition of a uniform, and as such would not be exempt from tax. However, permanently fixing a corporate badge or logo to an otherwise ordinary item of clothing may be sufficient to make it a 'uniform'.
Employer-provided protective clothing is also exempt. This is genuinely protective clothing worn as a physical necessity because of the nature of the job. Examples may include overalls, boots and protective gloves.
Where the employer provides 'ordinary' clothes, this will trigger a taxable benefit, even if they are designed to confer a sense of corporate identity. A tax charge will also arise if uniforms or protective clothing are provided under a salary sacrifice arrangement.


White Forest
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White Forest is a secluded rebel outpost in the outskirts of City 17. It is one of the new locations in Half-Life 2: Episode Two.
White Forest is a decommissioned Cold War-era Soviet missile silo that was acquired by Black Mesa late in its history, though no apparent signs of this can be seen. By the time of the game it has become an important rebel HQ. Much of the base lies underground; it features many essential facilities such as communication rooms, pump stations, a garage, a helicopter hangar, and a launch control center. Also included are two missile silos: the primary silo is in use for building the rocket instrumental in closing off the Citadel superportal, and the secondary silo is abandoned. An enormous double antenna tower stands above the primary silo, serving as a notable landmark for the base as a whole. Certain concrete bunkers on the surface, while not visited, can be assumed to contain personnel quarters, and an unseen staff room is mentioned. In the compound itself, while players will often find themselves in narrow corridors, navigation is fairly straightforward.
Materials typically consist of bare concrete bunker walls, dirty concrete floors and rusted metal for frames and beams. Some walls have a coat of white paint with a green stripe along the bottom. Outside, the concrete is rougher and often overgrown with moss or covered under a layer of dirt and grass.
The base is located in a hilly and densely forested area, making it more difficult to access. On its southern side there is a deep valley with a shallow river which leads to one of the entry points to the base. To the north lies another, more expansive valley with smaller buildings, such as a sawmill, and other landmarks including a watertower, a single-track railway supposedly leading into the base, and two logging cranes. Many of these only appear to be there for scenic or referential reasons. Additionally, both valleys are connected through the garage within the base.
Inside, in line with its original military purpose, White Forest consists of utilitarian spaces commonly filled with computer equipment for rocket launch and surveillance monitoring as well as fuel/water lines and storage shelves. However, some of the places are more lived-in, such as one of the control rooms being partially repurposed as lounge. Pipes and wiring are ubiquitous throughout the environment, as are blast doors separating most hallways, and floors are usually littered with sheets of cardboard and plywood. Despite the base's derelict status, there are no immediate signs of disuse in the more occupied areas, suggesting some amount of upkeep, though parts of debris can be seen in unreachable areas outside, and the abandoned secondary silo is crumbling. Lighting primarily consists of warm colors, with pale white and hazard red lights seen in the more technical areas. Some of the compound's Soviet legacy is still present in the form of Russian signage for the various facilities and the red star symbol.
The base is the current residence of Dr. Kleiner, Eli Vance and a new character, Dr. Magnusson, accompanied by a small garrison of rebel fighters, workers and technicians. Judith Mossman also stayed here at some point before her disappearance. The base is subject to multiple attacks. First, Combine Soldiers and Hunters invade the base by breaching through the secondary silo, and later Striders escorted by Hunters attempt to destroy the rocket silo from the outside. The player must fend off the Strider attack using a new weapon introduced in Episode Two, called the Magnusson Device.


Home » Future of Research » Examining the Difference Between Market, Medical, and Scientific Researchers
Future of Research
Examining the Difference Between Market, Medical, and Scientific Researchers
Larry Friedman, Ph.D.
Co-Editor, GreenBook Blog
The "Jonas Salk Middle School" is a few miles from my house. I remember being impressed the first time I saw it because local schools get named for someone who has had a major impact on the community or the world.
It is appropriate for a school to be named after Salk. He discovered the first vaccine for Polio, which had ravished the United States and the world. His discovery literally saved millions.
I recently read that Salk never made a penny off the vaccine; he didn't patent it and viewed it as a gift to the world.
There are other schools around the world named after scientists like Einstein, Curie, and Pasteur. Einstein, ironically, was working in the Swiss Patent Office in 1905 when he wrote a series of papers that changed physics, including special relativity. He never patented any of it.
I am unaware of any local schools named after a market researcher.
Why is that?
Commercial appeal
It isn't that market researchers are bad people. Most are good people who are charitable and devote time to improving their communities.
I think the main reason you won't find schools named after market researchers is that market research is fundamentally a commercial enterprise, unlike basic scientific research or medical research, which primarily aim to better mankind (and no, I am not idealizing scientific researchers; I have read too many academic satires by David Lodge for that).
Basic scientific/medical research is essentially an open process. Anyone should be able to replicate your work after reading your report in a refereed journal. It is the job of editors and anonymous referees to make sure everything is on the up and up. In medical research, that is done commercially by pharma companies; the FDA ensures the methods used prove the new drug has the claimed benefits.
Protecting Assets
The commercial world of market research is not open because it is fundamentally about getting a commercial advantage. There is a veil of secrecy that is always kept up, either by clients or by market research companies.
The best work I've done in my career for clients has been kept hidden so their competitors don't find out. If I wanted to speak about it at a conference, I had to blind it so nobody really knew who I was speaking about, or what I really found.
Market research companies gain commercial advantage by developing proprietary services. They don't get a patent for them unless there is some technology involved. In speaking or writing about them, critical components are kept hidden; otherwise, they could be ripped off. Clients don't get the full story about validation the way a refereed science journal or the FDA would demand.
Therefore, the commercial world of market research is essentially a "buyer beware" world. The overwhelming majority of market researchers I've met do their best, but at the end of the day, you never really know what you're getting.
Organizations like the ARF and MSI do yeoman's work in getting the validation that only real openness can provide, but they only touch a small percentage of market research.
I'd love to see a local school named for a market researcher, but it will only happen for something they did outside of market research.
Larry Friedman, Ph.D., Co-Editor, GreenBook Blog, [email protected]
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CAPS Coolgardie is a Christ - centred learning community committed to fostering spiritual growth and advancing the scholastic and athletic gifts of each unique student for entry into tertiary institutions and the communities they will help build.
CAPS Coolgardie is situated 500km east Perth and 38km west of Kalgoorlie. The school was located in the old St Anthony's convent (established in 1902) and is now adjacent to the convent which was also used as the hostel until the new one was built in May 2005.
CAPS was born out of the frustration of many local Aboriginal people who felt that the existing systems of schooling where not adequate to meet the needs of their children. They further added that the standard of schooling that was being provided to Aboriginal students was very poor and that the teachers did not have confidence in the capacity of Aboriginal students to achieve high outcomes.
Many of the parents had been raised on Mount Margaret Mission and had achieved very high standards of education and so now held senior positions in business and government. They were frustrated therefore when they saw their children leaving school early and being unable to perform basic numeracy and literacy tasks.
In April 1980, a group of Aboriginal people formed a committee to investigate the possibility of forming an independent Aboriginal school that would emphasise high academic standards within a Christian context. They wanted to replicate the strengths of the Mount Margaret mission of the 1930s to 1960s.
CAPS Coolgardie was opened in 1981 under the principalship of Mr John Tyndall and stressed the principles of Christian education, remediation programs, extension of students according to their individual needs, success in numeracy and literacy, widening the knowledge and understandings of students, and fostering a strong social conscience, personal respect and leadership skills. Non-Aboriginal children were not excluded from enrolment at CAPS and the school has had a continual stream of non-Aboriginal children move through the school, especially in the primary section.
The school also emphasised learning as a life long process so that Aboriginal people would be able to make sound decisions in life in the future.
It aimed at linking education with employment and training and, while it stressed an academic approach, it also worked to develop a strong relationship with CAPS Wongutha as a VET training institution for appropriate Year 11 & 12 students.
The founding members of the School Board embraced the Christian faith and desired to see a Christian environment develop to surround their children during their education. This is because they saw the Christian faith as being the cornerstone to individual achievement.
In 2020, the essential principles enunciated in 1981 are still being promoted. These principles include;
Christianity being the cultural environment in which the school is situated,
Belief in the potential of indigenous students to achieve the highest levels in learning,
The need for the school to prepare students for training and employment,
Excellence in education with all students being offered learning opportunities that are tailored at their levels and needs while also being challenged.


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Calvin has been leading enterprise-wide Change Management initiatives for almost a decade with leading CPG manufacturers. He understands that an effective Change Management process is part of a robust management system and not just a tool to be applied to isolated projects.
He has perfected the 3 Stage-gate method that helps organizations to ensure the following:
- [Stage-gate 1] Cross-functional alignment is achieved during the ideation phase of emerging changes
- [Stage-gate 1] Changes are understood and sufficiently resourced at the leadership level
- [Stage-gate 2] Associated risks are assessed and mitigated in advance of making changes to operations
- [Stage-gate 3] Key stakeholders have the opportunity to validate that risks have been effectively mitigated
- [Stage-gate 3} Training, communication, and documentation are completed prior to closing changes out
- [Stage-gate 3} Key learnings are captured to ensure continuous improvement of the change management process and team effectiveness
- [Stage-gate 3] All essential actions are completed and the anticipated benefit is realized
- [Stage-gate 3] Changes become completely integrated into normal operations to ensure sustainment
Contact Calvin directly for more information about implementing a proven Change Management process in your organization.


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Where does Wisdom Come From?
This poem is all about wisdom. Largely, in other words, Job is saying suffering is a matter of wisdom
It requires wisdom to handle it rightly, and, rightly handled, suffering produces more wisdom.
1. The importance of true wisdom
Notice verses 9–15. The poem is making the case that wisdom is a treasure


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Hitler's Nephew, Stalin's Daughter and Other Famous Defectors
Here are four defectors whose stories you won't soon forget.
1. Hitler's Nephew
© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS
William Patrick Hitler was born in England to a German father, Alois Hitler, and an Irish mother, Bridget Dowling. When William was still a boy, his father moved back to Germany, but his mother refused to go, raising her son alone in England. Alois kept in touch with the family and so, when his famous Uncle Adolf rose to power, young William moved to Germany in the hopes that he would be given a high-profile job. After hounding him for months, Uncle Adolf agreed to give William a cushy position as long as he renounced his British citizenship and promised never to return home. Sensing something wasn't right, William went back to England and capitalized on his famous family by writing an article for Look Magazine called, "Why I Hate My Uncle."
The popularity of the story gave William and his mother (pictured above) the opportunity to travel to America as part of a lecture tour. While there, World War II broke out, and the two were essentially stranded in the United States.
Hoping to do his part in the war effort, Hitler asked for and received special permission from President Roosevelt to enlist in the U.S. Navy in 1944.
According to a newspaper story printed at the time, when he introduced himself at the draft office, the recruiter thought he was joking and responded with, "Glad to see you, Hitler. My name's Hess." a reference to Nazi leader Rudolf Hess.
William Hitler served valiantly in the war and received an honorable discharge in 1947. Then, he simply disappeared.
In 1998, author David Gardner went looking for Hitler's lost nephew and found that, after the war, William and his mother had become U.S. citizens and changed their name to Stuart-Houston. William started a successful medical laboratory business, got married, moved to Long Island, had four boys, and died in 1987. At one point during the interview, William's wife claimed that her sons made a pact never to have children—so the Hitler bloodline would end with them. The oldest son, Alexander Adolf Stuart-Houston, has denied that such a pact exists, though the men never married or had children.
2. The Littlest Defector
When the Polovchak family moved to Chicago from Soviet-controlled Ukraine in January 1980, they hoped to find the American Dream. However, it wasn't meant to be. After less than six months, the family decided to move back home. Well, most of the family did anyway. Young 17-year old Natalia and her 12-year old brother Walter were determined to stay in America. So just days before they were to board a plane, the siblings, with the help of family living in Chicago, filed for religious asylum, claiming they faced religious persecution in the Soviet Union due to their Baptist upbringing.
Because of Natalia's age, her parents couldn't legally make her come home. However, because Walter was still a minor, his parents asked for assistance from the Chicago Police Department to have their son returned to their custody. Under advisement from both the U.S. State Department and Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Chicago PD instead placed Walter in the care of the State of Illinois as a minor in need of supervision.
With their hands tied in the U.S., the rest of the Polovchak family went home without him, but they continued to fight for their son's return through political and legal channels. Before long, everyone from the Soviet Embassy, the FBI, the KGB, and the ACLU were embroiled in the controversial court cases that followed.
Sympathy for Walter caused the U.S. Government to intentionally drag its feet, stretching these court procedures out for six years in order to give Walter enough time to become a legal adult and decide for himself where he would like to stay. He was sworn in as an American citizen just a few days after his 18th birthday and still lives here today.
3. Stalin's Daughter
Svetlana Alliluyeva was born in 1926 to Nadezhda Alliluyeva and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. She was the youngest of Stalin's three children and his only daughter. Her mother died under suspicious circumstances when Svetlana was only six years old, leaving her in the care of nannies for much of her childhood, and only receiving occasional visits from her busy father.
While the two were never close, Stalin still had a forceful hand in his daughter's life, especially her love life. Although it wasn't the official reason, it's believed that Svetlana's first love was sent into exile because of their relationship. She later married another man, but even after the couple had a son and named him after Stalin, the Premier refused to meet his son-in-law.
She married again two years later, to Yuri Zhadanov, son of Stalin's second-in-command, Andrei Zhdanov, but the marriage didn't last. She met her next love, Brajesh Singh, in 1963, 10 years after her father's death. Although the two were never allowed to marry, they often referred to each other as husband and wife. Singh died three years later due to complications from various ailments, and Alliluyeva was allowed to take Singh's ashes to his family in New Delhi, India. With her first taste of freedom, Svetlana went to the United States Embassy and asked for political asylum.
After moving to America, she wrote her autobiography, Twenty Letters to a Friend, denouncing her father's regime and the Communist way of life. While here, she married William Wesley Peters, a top apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright, and the couple had a daughter. After this marriage also ended in divorce, Svetlana and her daughter moved to the UK, then later back to the Soviet Union, where they were both, surprisingly, granted citizenship. However, they left again and bounced between the UK and the US throughout the 1980s and 90s.
She lived in obscurity until 2007, when filmmaker Lana Parshina tracked her down to record a series of interviews, resulting in the 2008 film, Svetlana About Svetlana. As of 2010, Joseph Stalin's only daughter lives in a retirement home in southern Wisconsin.
4. The Reluctant Communist
In 1965, to avoid deployment to Vietnam, U.S. Army Sergeant Charles Jenkins, stationed in South Korea, surrendered to a bewildered North Korean soldier. Jenkins thought he'd be sent to Russia and then returned to America as a part of a prisoner exchange, but instead, North Korea reported that he had asked for political asylum. In response, the U.S. branded him a traitor and issued a warrant for his arrest. With no way to communicate with the outside world to plead his case, Jenkins had little choice but to stay in North Korea.
Unlike other countries, North Korea did not provide an easy life for defectors. Jenkins was quarantined in a one-room house with other American defectors, where they received political indoctrination under constant threat of violence. In 1972, they were moved to separate homes, but life didn't get much better. Jenkins was assigned professions and given a small ration of food, but otherwise eked out an existence like everyone else. The violence continued as well, most notably when North Korean doctors held Jenkins down and, without anesthetic, removed a U.S. Army tattoo from his arm with a pair of scissors.
Hitomi Soga, a Japanese woman, was 21 years old when she met Jenkins in 1980. Hitomi had been kidnapped by North Korean agents to teach spies Japanese, and was later "given" to Jenkins as a wife to prevent him from "dirtying" the Korean bloodline. While their marriage was arranged - and despite a 20-year age difference – the two actually fell in love and had two daughters. At about the same time, Jenkins and other defectors were ordered to appear in a 20-hour propaganda film, Unsung Heroes, acting as villainous U.S. military leaders. When American intelligence acquired the film, it was the first time they could confirm that Jenkins was still alive.
Figuring they would never be allowed to leave, the Jenkins family made the best of their situation, suffering through the country's most difficult times in the 1980s and 90s. However, in 2002, their luck changed when North Korea admitted that Japanese civilians, like Hitomi, had been abducted. To make amends, abductees and their families were allowed to return to Japan. Jenkins was resistant – he feared North Korea was testing his loyalty, and worried about the American arrest warrant – but he was finally convinced to leave with his family in 2004. Once in Japan, Jenkins offered to have his marriage to Hitomi dissolved, figuring she had only stayed with him before because she had no choice. She refused.
To clear his conscience, on September 11, 2004, Jenkins, at the age of 64, put on his old Army uniform, and reported for duty at Camp Zama, a U.S. Army base near Tokyo. His 40-year absence marked the longest any American deserter had ever gone before turning himself in. Jenkins pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and aiding the enemy, but denied making disloyal statements (those charges were later dropped). Although he could have received life in prison, he was sentenced to 30 days in the brig and a


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The Basketball Academy is embedded in the Health and Physical Education curricula of the Australian Curriculum. The program provides quality experienced coaching in a dynamic and supportive environment.
Flinders University's functional screening program and testing is provided to increase player performance and durability through a strength and conditioning program.
In partnership with Flinders University and Basketball SA, Springbank Secondary College is developing a High Performance Basketball program which aims to include:
- Personal learning plan with a basketball and pathway focus
- Opportunity to apply for a scholarship sponsored by Basketball SA
- Strength and conditioning
- Coaching and accreditation
- The use of technology to assist skill acquisition
- Sports nutrition
- Injury prevention
- Performance development and analysis


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How does New Zealand's education system compare? OECD's Education at a Glance 2010
Every year, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) publishes Education at a Glance, a set of indicators that compares the education systems of its member countries, and participating partner countries.
The report How does New Zealand's education system compare? draws on the New Zealand data in Education at a Glance 2010 and summarises the characteristics and performance of New Zealand's education system in an international context.
Author(s): David Scott, Paul Gini, Strategy and System Performance [Ministry of Education]
Date Published: September 2010
Please consider the environment before printing the contents of this report.
Downloads / Links
For more publication-related information, please email the: Information Officer Mailbox
- At a glance
- 1. Introduction
- 2. New Zealand's investment in education
- 3. How many in our population are studying?
- 4. How educated are we?
- 5. The economic benefits of education in NZ
- 6. The social benefits of education in NZ
- 7. Our youth
- 8. NZ'ers in tertiary study overseas & overseas tertiary students in NZ
- 9. Staffing resources


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setbacks as they adjust to their new life, and your patience and understanding can make a significant difference in their success.
- Offer practical assistance
Help your loved one with tasks such as job searching, finding housing, and accessing community resources. Your support in these areas can alleviate some of the stress they may experience during this transition.
- Encourage open communication
Talk openly with your loved one about their feelings, concerns, and goals. Encourage them to share their experiences and listen empathetically to their struggles.
- Provide emotional support
Show your loved one that you care about their well-being and are there to support them in their journey. Encouragement, understanding, and love can go a long way in helping them overcome the challenges they face during reintegration.
Release and reintegration are crucial aspects of an inmate's journey at Northern State Prison. By understanding the parole process, accessing available reentry programs and resources, and offering support to a loved one during their reintegration, family and friends can help ensure a successful transition back into society.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common questions and concerns that family members and friends of inmates may have. Some examples include:
How can I find out if I am on the approved visitor list?
Contact the inmate's counselor or the facility directly to confirm your approved visitor status.
Can I send books or care packages to my loved one?
Policies vary by facility, so it's essential to check with Northern State Prison regarding their specific guidelines for sending books or care packages.
How can I help my loved one access educational or vocational programs?
Encourage your loved one to speak with their counselor or case manager, who can provide information about available programs and the enrollment process.
What happens if my loved one has a medical emergency while in prison?
Northern State Prison has medical staff on-site to address any emergencies or health concerns that arise. If your loved one requires additional medical attention, they may be transported to a nearby hospital.
How can I support my loved one in their efforts to stay sober while incarcerated?
Encourage your loved one to participate in substance abuse treatment programs and maintain open communication about their progress. You can also research community-based resources to help them continue their recovery upon release.
We hope that this comprehensive guide to Northern State Prison, New Jersey, has provided valuable information and resources for family members and friends of inmates. By understanding the facility's policies and procedures, maintaining open communication, and offering support, you can help your loved one navigate the challenges of incarceration and prepare for a successful reintegration into society.
Visiting Hours at Northern State Prison:
Visiting days and times at Northern State Prison will depend on what unit the inmate is housed in. Inmates are allowed a maximum of four visitors (including children) at a time.
- Main Compound inmates have visiting on:
- Saturdays and Sundays from 8:45am-10:45am (registration from 7:45am-8:45am) and from 12:45pm-2:45pm (registration from 11:45am-12:45pm).
- Infirmary inmates have visits on:
- Sundays by appointment only from 8:30am-9:30am.
- Non-contact visitation is by appointment only. Call _PHONE_ on Fridays from 9:30am-3:30pm to schedule an appointment. Visiting occurs on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays from 5:30pm-7:30pm.
- Minimum Unit inmates have visitation on:
- Saturdays and Sundays from 8am-10:30am (registration from 8am-9:45am) and from 12:30pm-3pm (registration is from 12:30pm-2:15pm).
- Administrative Close Supervision/Delta Unit have visits by appointment only. Call _PHONE_ Mondays-Fridays 8am-2:15pm. Visits occur on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 5pm-6pm and 6:30pm-7:30pm.
Northern State Prison
168 Frontage Road
Newark, New Jersey 07114
Inmate Mailing Address:
Inmate Name, ID Number
Northern State Prison
P.O. Box 2300
Newark, New Jersey 07114