split /PATTERN/
Splits the string EXPR into a list of strings and returns the list in list context, or the size of the list in scalar context. (Prior to Perl 5.11, it also overwrote _USER_ with the list in void and scalar context. If you target old perls, beware.)
If only PATTERN is given, EXPR defaults to $_.
Anything in EXPR that matches PATTERN is taken to be a separator that separates the EXPR into substrings (called "fields") that do not include the separator. Note that a separator may be longer than one character or even have no characters at all (the empty string, which is a zero-width match).
The PATTERN need not be constant; an expression may be used to specify a pattern that varies at runtime.
If PATTERN matches the empty string, the EXPR is split at the match position (between characters). As an example, the following:
print join(':', split(/b/, 'abc')), "\n";
uses the b in 'abc' as a separator to produce the output a:c. However, this:
print join(':', split(//, 'abc')), "\n";
uses empty string matches as separators to produce the output a:b:c; thus, the empty string may be used to split EXPR into a list of its component characters.
As a special case for split, the empty pattern given in match operator syntax (//) specifically matches the empty string, which is contrary to its usual interpretation as the last successful match.
If PATTERN is /^/, then it is treated as if it used the multiline modifier (/^/m), since it isn't much use otherwise.
/m and any of the other pattern modifiers valid for qr (summarized in "qr/STRING/msixpodualn" in perlop) may be specified explicitly.
As another special case, split emulates the default behavior of the command line tool awk when the PATTERN is either omitted or a string composed of a single space character (such as'' or "\x20", but not e.g. / /). In this case, any leading whitespace in EXPR is removed before splitting occurs, and the PATTERN is instead treated as if it were /\s+/; in particular, this means that any contiguous whitespace (not just a single space character) is used as a separator. However, this special treatment can be avoided by specifying the pattern / / instead of the string " ", thereby allowing only a single space character to be a separator. In earlier Perls this special case was restricted to the use of a plain " " as the pattern argument to split; in Perl 5.18.0 and later this special case is triggered by any expression which evaluates to the simple string " ".
As of Perl 5.28, this special-cased whitespace splitting works as expected in the scope of "use feature 'unicode_strings". In previous versions, and outside the scope of that feature, it exhibits "The "Unicode Bug"" in perlunicode: characters that are whitespace according to Unicode rules but not according to ASCII rules can be treated as part of fields rather than as field separators, depending on the string's internal encoding.
If omitted, PATTERN defaults to a single space, " ", triggering the previously described awk emulation.
If LIMIT is specified and positive, it represents the maximum number of fields into which the EXPR may be split; in other words, LIMIT is one greater than the maximum number of times EXPR may be split. Thus, the LIMIT value 1 means that EXPR may be split a maximum of zero times, producing a maximum of one field (namely, the entire value of EXPR). For instance:
print join(':', split(//, 'abc', 1)), "\n";
produces the output abc, and this:
print join(':', split(//, 'abc', 2)), "\n";
produces the output a:bc, and each of these:
print join(':', split(//, 'abc', 3)), "\n";
print join(':', split(//, 'abc', 4)), "\n";
produces the output a:b:c.
If LIMIT is negative, it is treated as if it were instead arbitrarily large; as many fields as possible are produced.
If LIMIT is omitted (or, equivalently, zero), then it is usually treated as if it were instead negative but with the exception that trailing empty fields are stripped (empty leading fields are always preserved); if all fields are empty, then all fields are considered to be trailing (and are thus stripped in this case). Thus, the following:
print join(':', split(/,/, 'a,b,c,,,')), "\n";
produces the output a:b:c, but the following:
print join(':', split(/,/, 'a,b,c,,,', -1)), "\n";
produces the output a:b:c:::.
In time-critical applications, it is worthwhile to avoid splitting into more fields than necessary. Thus, when assigning to a list, if LIMIT is omitted (or zero), then LIMIT is treated as though it were one larger than the number of variables in the list; for the following, LIMIT is implicitly 3:
my ($login, $passwd) = split(/:/);
Note that splitting an EXPR that evaluates to the empty string always produces zero fields, regardless of the LIMIT specified.
An empty leading field is produced when there is a positive-width match at the beginning of EXPR. For instance:
produces the output :abc. However, a zero-width match at the beginning of EXPR never produces an empty field, so that:
produces the output :a:b:c (rather than : :a:b:c).
An empty trailing field, on the other hand, is produced when there is a match at the end of EXPR, regardless of the length of the match (of course, unless a non-zero LIMIT is given explicitly, such fields are removed, as in the last example). Thus:
print join(':', split(//,'abc', -1)), "\n";
produces the output :a:b:c:.
If the PATTERN contains capturing groups, then for each separator, an additional field is produced for each substring captured by a group (in the order in which the groups are specified, as per backreferences); if any group does not match, then it captures the undef value instead of a substring. Also, note that any such additional field is produced whenever there is a separator (that is, whenever a split occurs), and such an additional field does not count towards the LIMIT. Consider the following expressions evaluated in list context (each returned list is provided in the associated comment):
split(/-|,/, "1-10,20", 3)
# ('1', '10', '20')
split(/(-|,)/, "1-10,20", 3)
# ('1', '-', '10', ',', '20')
split(/-|(,)/, "1-10,20", 3)
# ('1', undef, '10', ',', '20')
split(/(-)|,/, "1-10,20", 3)
# ('1', '-', '10', undef, '20')
# ('1', '-', undef, '10', undef, ',', '20')


text:
STAAR Testing Seminars for Teachers and Classroom Demonstrations
Seminars for both elementary and secondary teachers on STAAR WRITING testing include not only extensive examples of every mode of writing required but revision and editing questions aligned with state-mandated objectives.
READING seminars address the major components listed in every category, complete with multiple-choice literature questions that follow the guidelines of the test. Numerous examples of Short Answers as well as more in-depth literary analysis serve as ready-to-use materials for students.
Participants will receive a comprehensive booklet that will demystify the complexities of the test, empowering both teachers and students by giving them a step-by-step approach designed to meet and exceed the expectations of STAAR testing.
Elementary (4-5) and Secondary

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Golang program to check given number is EVEN or ODD
Here, we are going to learn how to check given number is EVEN or ODD in Golang (Go Language)?
Submitted by Nidhi, on February 16, 2021
Problem Solution:
In this program, we will read an integer number from the user and check the given number is EVEN or ODD.
Program/Source Code:
The source code to check the given number is EVEN or ODD is given below. The given program is compiled and executed successfully.
// Golang program to check given number is
// EVEN or ODD.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
 var num int=0
 fmt.Printf("Enter number: ")
 fmt.Printf("Number is EVEN")
 fmt.Printf("Number is ODD")
Run 1:
Enter number: 10
Number is EVEN
Run 2:
Enter number: 11
Number is ODD
In the above program, we declare the package main. The main package is used to tell the Go language compiler that the package must be compiled and produced the executable file. Here, we imported the fmt package that includes the files of package fmt then we can use a function related to the fmt package.
Here, we created the main() function. The main() function is the entry point for the program. In the main() function, we created the variable num, which is initialized with 0. Then we read the value from the user. After that, we checked the given number is divisible by 2. If the given number is completely divisible by 2 then the given number will be an EVEN number otherwise number will be ODD.
Golang Basic Programs »
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Glow-In-The-Dark Rabbits Born
Glowing Rabbits Born In Turkey, Could Help Cure Disease
The first living glowing rabbits have been born in Turkey, and one day researchers believe they could help bring affordable drug therapies to more developing countries.
The glow-in-the-dark bunnies are the product of a collaboration between the Univerwity of Hawaii at Manoa and two universities in Turkey.
Scientists used a gene from jellyfish DNA and inserted it into a rabbit's embryo, reports CBS News. While the rabbits appear completely normal and white in everyday lighting, the same isn't true under black light.
Instead, they glow bright green. While transgenic mice, cows, goats, chickens, and pigs have already been produced successfully, CBS News reports that this was the first instance of a successful transgenic rabbit.
The bunnies were conceived using in vitro fertilization (IVF) from embryos extracted from an adult female rabbit. They then inserted plasmids into the embryos in a process similar to that used in IVF human procedures.
The Los Angeles Times notes that Stefan Moisyadi, an associate professor at the University of Hawaii Manoa who worked on the glowing rabbits project, commented that the jellyfish protein won't hurt the bunnies and it also won't alter their lifespan. However, those rabbits will pass the glow-in-the-dark gene on to their offspring.
Eventually, the Turkish team, including Moisyadi, hopes to insert the jellyfish gene into larger mammals, such as sheep and cattle. The associate professor added that the scientists' "main plan was to do sheep, but they only have one or two embryos max." He added that the group currently has 10 pregnant sheep, about 25 percent of which they believe will end up glowing in the dark.
Eventually, Moisyadi hopes that the process will be used not to implant jellyfish genes, but instead to insert genes for proteins used in medications. This is because animals can make proteins in their milk that humans often use for medicine. Being able to extract useful proteins from the animals' milk would make pharmaceuticals more affordable.
But for now, the scientists are focusing on glowing rabbits.
[Image via ShutterStock]


text:
Pierre de Marca
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
contribution to medieval historiography
...historian John Selden repeated medium aevum, Anglicizing the term in 1614 to middle times and in 1618 to middle ages. In 1641 the French historian Pierre de Marca apparently coined the French vernacular term le moyen âge, which gained authority in the respected lexicographical work...
What made you want to look up "Pierre de Marca"? Please share what surprised you most...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Harnessing Emerging Technologies: Positive Body Image
Harnessing Emerging Technologies: Positive Body Image
For our Year 6 students this term it was truly a student-centred approach to learning when they were tasked with considering how new technologies could be harnessed to have a positive impact on society.
In a deep dive into Media, our Year 6 students were asked to address a societal issue and present a solution utilising innovative technology such as VR, AR, 360-degree video, interactive media or e-learning technologies to visually demonstrate their solution.
Diana wanted to answer the question: How might I encourage a positive body image in teenage girls?
Diana_Year 6_student
After scrolling social media, or flicking through magazines, Diana found she was genuinely concerned about the impact 'perfect' images were having upon teenage girls.
"A young teenage girl's body image is influenced by what she views on social media, on the TV, and in magazines. Our identity with beauty is often influenced by celebrities that we perceive as role models," Diana said.
"By showcasing these women in my media exhibition, I helped influence younger girls in being able to recognise how a positive self–body image is demonstrated."
Diana, Year 6
In answer to the growing issue that effects many young women, Diana decided to create a motivational video to demonstrate to young people the importance of positive role models. As a part of her project, she selected to interview Alex Pendlebury, Laura Heron, Kate Sheahan, and Esma Voloder, women who are actively promoting a positive self-body image with their online presence.
"By showcasing these women in my media exhibition, I helped influence younger girls in being able to recognise how a positive self–body image is demonstrated. People who have body image concerns feel worried, stressed and exceptionally unhappy about their appearance, weight and shape. Teenage girls are at the highest risk for body dissatisfaction as their social media usage is at its maximum. Instagram, Snapchat and other social media vehicles are the perfect outlet for celebrities and other influencers to portray themselves as 'perfect'. As we look at these images, we are mesmerised by how beautiful and natural looking these images are, but what is less obvious is the constant reshooting and extensive editing undertaken in order to capture the one perfect look," said Diana.
As Diana did more research into the growing issue, she wanted to highlight those who used social media in a more positive, real and healthy way in her video.
"Alex Pendlebury displays a positive self–body image on social media by posting photos of nutritious food and exercise while being natural in the photos. Kate Sheahan is part of the AFLW Richmond team. She is also a fox footy journalist, and a tennis coach. Kate Sheahan is inspirational because she promotes women's health and demonstrates that a female can break into a male dominated sport such as the AFL. Laura Heron is a current year 12 student and she is also a senior ballet dancer at my ballet school. She focuses on her studies, she focuses on her artwork, and on her dancing, she inspires me. Esma Voloder is Miss World Australia 2017. Esma talks about how girls have to be well rounded individuals that represent a positive influence to their community," says Diana.
Working around the busy schedules of the women involved in the video as well as her own, Diana had to work within tight deadlines and time restrains and ensure her goal was clear and organised and in an achievable manner. The finished product is an impressive feat that really hits home on how we can all strive to do better with our online presence.
"The most interesting part of my project was the consistent and inspiring message shining through the answers voiced by my interviewees. I found these women to be knowledgeable, intelligent and positive in their message, that all young women should believe in themselves and not feel pressured to be like anyone else except themselves," Diana said.
See Diana's complete video below.


text:
Founded in 1660, the Granary is the third oldest burying ground in Boston proper. In 1737, when grain was stored where the present Park Street Church stands, the burying ground was renamed the Granary. Along with Massachussetts Governors, Clergymen, and Mayors, three signers of the Declaration of Independence, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Robert Treat Paine, are buried here.
Approximately 5000 people are buried at Granary even though there are only 2300 headstones. Since funerals were expensive, there would be one headstone per family. Each grave contains at least 20 bodies.
|Hours||Daily 9AM - 5PM|
|Tours||Self-Guided; or provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Notes||More Information via the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Attribution||Content provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|


One Easy Way to Discover a People Group Community
So your church wants to reach people groups in your community. Or, maybe you had never considered it before you saw this article scroll by in your news feed.
Whatever the case, the Peoples Next Door project exists to help churches figure out how to discover and engage people groups. Truthfully, it is not as hard as you might think. I recently posted an article on a simple method of people group discovery using Google forms to gather information on your community. That posts walks through the nuts and bolts of collecting data. Today, we are going to talk about interpreting that data so that you can find people group communities.
Gather Points of Interest
When collecting information on your community, the simplest method for finding people groups is to look for points of interest. A point of interest is any establishment that can be positively connected to a particular group of people. It may be a restaurant, a temple, a mosque, or a market, but it will cater to a specific affinity of people most often based on nationality or language.
For instance, in the area where my church is located, we have a dozen African hair braiding salons. Almost every one of them is owned and operated by a lady from West Africa, and a great number of their clients are from there too. Alongside these salons are Halal meat markets, international grocery stores, and even a few mosques in our area that all cater to peoples from West Africa.
Use the method discussed two weeks ago. Collecting these points in a simple Google form and plotting them on Google Maps provides a visual representation of your community based on points of interest for different nationalities. Now, the trick is knowing how to read it.
Close Proximity + Diverse Establishment Types = People Group Community
Admittedly, this is not true every, single time, but it is a good rule of thumb when trying to look over information you gather. The easiest way to find a particular people group community, whether it is West African Muslims or South Asian Hindus, is by looking for places on the map where points of interest cluster.
When you find several places that are in close proximity, that is the first clue that an area of town is a gathering place for a particular group of people. This becomes even clearer if there is a diversity in the types of establishments. For instance, if I find a section of town that has five points of interest, but they are all hair braiding salons, I may have simply found the place where West African women come to get their hair done. However, if I find a cluster of points and they are all different types (a salon, a market, a restaurant, a mosque, and a fabric store), then the odds are much higher that I have found a place close to where a community lives. Think about it; when you find a cluster of places that cover all the communities needs, there is a good chance that community is nearby. That is most likely why all of those establishments are located there.
Now, all cities are different, and there is a chance people group communities cannot cluster as easily where you live. Some cities make it easy for groups to live in the same apartment complexes and areas of the city. Other cities are more dispersed and the community is hard to locate. This can be determined by gathering information on these points and then looking for those clusters. Generally speaking, people of like kind will live as close together as possible.
Points of Interest Make Good Third Places
Third places are important to ministry, and your church needs to get out more and visit them. After gathering information on your community through people group discovery, you should have an automatic list of third places to engage that group. As you fill out the online form, not only does it populate the map for you to visualize your community, it builds that handy spreadsheet of locations. Some of these locations will make an excellent entryway into a particular people group community.
Perhaps you uncover a small, international market where people from your church can begin buying their rice and unique spices. Maybe people group discovery will turn up a quaint Ethiopian coffee shop, or a Turkish restaurant. Have your church members become regulars, because these points make great third places to begin people group engagement.
Not sure what to say or do? Download the free step-by-step strategy guide on the resources page to get your church started in the process of finding and reaching the people groups around you with the gospel.
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text:
The health consequences of smoking for young women could occur much sooner than they think, according to a new Australian study.
The study, of almost 15,000 women aged between 18-23, found smokers are more likely to experience premenstrual tension, heavy periods, severe period pain and irregular periods.
Quit Executive Manager Suzie Stillman says she hopes the study's findings will encourage more young women to quit.
'These findings are very significant, as they show young women are experiencing the negative health effects of smoking very quickly. Alarmingly, those effects get worse the more women smoke, and the younger they start.'
'But the good news is the risks fall for ex-smokers, so this study's finding should be a great incentive for young women to quit.'
The study found women who smoke 20 cigarettes or more a day are 50% more likely to suffer from severe period pain and premenstrual tension, and 60% more likely to experience heavy periods.
'Hopefully this data will encourage young women to think about quitting, as smoking could be causing them much more discomfort than they realise.'
'This study adds to the growing body of evidence about the effects of smoking on women's reproductive health.'
'We now know smoking affects women through all the reproductive stages, from menstruation, to fertility, pregnancy and post natal.'
Smoking rates are highest for women between the ages of 16-34, with over 30% of women in this age bracket smoking. Smoking rates fall to about 25% for women over the age of 35.
The study Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage in young women was published in the latest issue of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. The authors were Gita Mishra from the University of Newcastle, Annette Dobson of the University of Queensland, and Margot Schofield from the University of New England.
Media Communications Manager


text:
Maxwell's equations are,
Where the vectors are defined in the usual way. Also,
Taking a Fourier transform with respect to the time variable, we have,
See ''Electromagnetics" for more.
The integral form is also commonly given.
Energy of the Field
Power Flow into a Volume
The Poynting vector gives the direction of power flow. The Poynting vector is given by,
It has the units, watts per square meter.
The power flow through a differential area id given by. The power flow through a volume is then given by summing up the power flow through the area enclosing that volume, thus:
Expanding by Maxwell's equations,
The first summand is the power density of the vacuum electromagnetic field; the second and third summands, when integrated, are the power dissipation by magnetic and electric dipoles; the fourth summand, when integrated is power dissipation by current.
Reference: ECE525 Lasers and Detectors. notes taken in class, 2010. Instructor: Joyce Poon.


Dunstable Fire Department S.A.F.E. Educator Evaluation Form
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1. Were the instructors comprehensive in his/her course coverage?
3. Did the instructors treat the students with respect?
5. Did they communicate clearly?
7. Did they utilize the entire allotted lecture time?
2. Did the instuctors seem to have an understanding of the course when teaching it?
4. Did they make the students feel like they could ask questions?
6. Did they assign HW that was relevant to the course material?
8. Was the instructor enthusiastic about teaching the course?
9. I would recommend this instuctor to other classes.
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text:
A Suffolk farmer is believed to have become the first human victim of 'rabbit flu', following his death earlier this month.
A post-mortem examination of John Freeman, from Aspall in Suffolk, discovered that the young farmer has been infected with the bacteria pasteurella multocida, which causes flu-like symptoms in rabbits.
Although a common animal infection, it is not thought that there have been any other instances of animal-to-human transmission, although a few non-fatal cases caught from cats and dogs are recorded.
Mr Freeman is though to have unwittingly contracted the infection from a dead rabbit on his farm. He developed flu-like symptoms soon afterwards, and then collapsed days later as a result of septicaemia.
If caught early enough, the infection can be quickly treated with antibiotics, preventing it from entering the bloodstream.
However, problems arise when the infection is caught less obviously, from a cut or graze rather than through an animal bite.


text:
Double-peak Splitting in High-order Harmonics Generation
- WANG Yingsong, LIU Yaqing, YANG Xiaodong, XU Zhizhan
- Chinese Optics Letters SCI(E) SCOPUS
- in 2000
- Cited Count
- Wanfang Data
When the intensity of the driving pulse is much higher than the saturation intensity of the media involved, the double-peak splitting in frequency domain emerges in the generated high-order harmonic spectra. The possible origins of this splitting are carefully investigated. The ionization of the gas media and the propagation effect of harmonic field are the main reason for the double-peak splitting observed.
If you register references through the customer center, the reference information will be registered as soon as possible.


text:
a database fails to appear as part of an availability group with automatic seeding enabled, the automatic seeding likely failed. This prevents addition of the database to the availability group on either the primary and secondary replica. Query
sys.dm_hadr_automatic_seeding on both the primary and secondary replicas. For example, run the following query to identify failure state of automatic seeding.
SELECT start_time, completion_time, is_source, current_state, failure_state, failure_state_desc, error_code FROM sys.dm_hadr_automatic_seeding
Automatic seeding and performance considerations
SQL Server uses a fixed number of threads for automatic seeding. On the primary instance, SQL Server uses one thread per LUN to read changes. On the secondary instance SQL Server uses one thread per LUN to initialize database.
Set trace flag 9567 on the primary replica to enable compression of the data stream during automatic seeding. This can significantly reduce the transfer time of automatic seeding, however it also increases the CPU usage. For more information, see Tune compression for availability group.
When not to use automatic seeding
In some scenarios automatic seeding may not be optimal for initializing a secondary replica. During automatic seeding, SQL Server performs a backup over the network for initialization. This process can be slow if databases are very large, or the secondary replica is remote. The transaction log for these databases cannot be truncated during the backup process, so a prolonged initialization process on a busy database can result in significant transaction log growth. Before adding a database to an availability group with automatic seeding, evaluate the database size, load, and site distance between replicas.


text:
Location: Cotton Ginning Research
Title: Predicting seed cotton moisture content from changes in drying air temperature - second year Authors
Submitted to: ASABE Annual International Meeting
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: July 21, 2013
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: A mathematical model was used to predict seed cotton moisture content in the overhead section of a cotton gin. The model took into account the temperature, mass flow, and specific heat of both the air and seed cotton. Air temperatures and mass flows were measured for a second year at a commercial gin in Mississippi during the 2012 season. Results still showed high variations in the mass flow rate of both the air and seed cotton (9 and 16%, respectively), and a low drying air temperature (127 °F). The model is more responsive with higher drying air temperatures. The model performed slightly better the second year due to due to synchronizing the sampling of seed cotton with the recording of air temperature and air mass flow. However, predicted seed cotton moisture content still correlated poorly with actual seed cotton moisture content. Improvement must be made in measuring the mass flow of air, and determining seed cotton mass flow in real time. Having an accurate measurement of seed-cotton moisture content in a cotton gin would help ginners determine how much heat to use to dry the cotton.


How Everything Works Together
There are a lot of bits and pieces of information out there that you have to piece together yourself to figure out how all of this stuff works together. As soon as you figure out how one piece works, there's another piece of the puzzle. Hopefully I can put this into perspective and outline all the pieces.
This was my first post. In the two years since, I have realized that I made things quite a bit more complicated than they needed to be. It's still good to understand how all of the different pieces talk to each other, but I've updated the software section to reflect how I've pared it down.
Think about the PC controlling everything as the brain, the mount as the heart, and the OTA and camera as the eyes. This is meant for a general overview. There will be more in-depth pages on each of these controls and I'll link them here as I write them. Take a look at this quick process breakdown, and then below, a layout of my setup.
 1. Planetarium software talks to the mount to slew to a target.
 2. Plate-solving software uses the imaging camera and imaging software to center the target in the imaging camera's field of view.
 3. Guiding software send commands to the mount to keep a star in the same spot based on images provided by your guide camera.
 4. Imaging software allows you to create an imaging plan and set image settings to for your camera.
 5. ASCOM Driver software pulls all of it together.
My background is in IT, and is highly process-driven, so I created this flowchart to help myself understand how everything is working together. Visualizing it like this helped me to write a setup checklist and eliminate mistakes in my setup. There are more subtleties and connections used that aren't listed here, but there are only so many lines you can draw before it gets way too confusing.
Think of the flowchart breakdown this way:
 - Yellow = the eyes and imaging components of the setup
 - Blue = Mount and it's software controls
 - Green = a crossover of imaging and controls specific for Astrotortilla since it uses both aspects to center an object
 - Orange = the brain – the main control laptop
 - Purple = intermediaries and extras. They are not absolutely necessary to image, but help a lot
My PC runs the following software simultaneously to control all the pieces:
 - Stellarium Scope
 - Allows Stellarium to use the POTH ASCOM driver
 - Stellarium
 - Planetarium Software to view the night sky and move without the clunky handset
 - New (2019) Meade Universal ASCOM Driver POTH hand controller
 - Allows you to make small adjustments using the PC as you would with the hand controller
 - PHD2
 - Guiding and alignment
 - Astrophotography Tool Backyard EOS
 - Imaging
 - PlateSolve2 and/or All Sky Plate Solver embedded in Astrophotography Tool Astrotortilla
 - Plate solving/object centering
 - Windows Remote Desktop Teamviewer
 - This is a free luxury with two PCs (or phone/tablet) that I use to remotely control the PC at the Telescope from the warmth of my family room, or even away from home.
That's a lot of work for the brain. Let's take a look at how the brain interacts with all of these pieces to get them to work together.
Update: I now use a new Universal Meade Driver that allows connections to multiple pieces of software and more automation for Meade mounts. The thing that makes all of this possible is the ASCOM standard drivers for PCs. Most mounts today are ASCOM compatible, and descriptions on product sites will let you know if they are. With the use of the POTH (Plain Old Telescope Handset) Hub you can connect all of the control software simultaneously using virtual COM ports. You can use device specific ASCOM drivers to connect directly to the mount, but you will be restricted to running one piece of control software at a time. Using POTH hub, each piece of software connects to to the hub, and the hub connects to your mount using the device specific driver.
Update: I still use Stellarium to plan sessions, but object slewing is built into Astrophotography tool. You can use the object database programmed into your hand controller to slew the scope to objects, but I don't see the point of that if you're already using a PC to control guiding. Stellarium and Stellarium Scope are free pieces of software that allow you to point the scope using a visual reference. Stellarium sends commands to the mount through the handset telling it where to point. Stellarium can control your mount without Stellarium Scope, but Stellarium Scope is necessary if you plan on using the POTH hub.
PHD2 (Push Here Dummy) has two purposes. The first used in a setup is Drift Alignment. Through a process of determining guiding errors, you adjust the Azimuth and Altitude adjustments on your mount to get the alignment dead-on. This will allow for longer exposures with fewer thrown away. The second, and primary purpose of the software is to send pulse commands to your mount to keep the guiding right on target, based on the star image provided by your guide camera. This software can be used in a basic setup (Push Here Dummy) or an advanced setup with subtle changes to increase guiding accuracy. I've recently tapped into more of the advanced settings and have been able to increase my guiding accuracy significantly, usually to a total error of under 1 arc second. For example, I imaged for 10 hours and only had to throw out 4 captures due to tracking errors.
Update: PlasteSolve 2 and All Sky Plate Solver are integrated into Astrophotography Tool. They require little setup and I have more success with them, solving in under 5 seconds in most cases. Astrotortilla puts your image in the center of the FOV. For a mount GOTO as inaccurate as mine, Astrotortilla is essential. Astrotortilla takes an image using your imaging software (BackyardEOS in my case) and imaging camera. With that image, it then uses a database specific to your field of view to determine where your scope is pointing, and where it needs to be. After calculating the error, Astrotortilla sends commands to the mount to slew to the object. It repeats this process to get the object centered within one arc-minute. This software can be very confusing, and all of the setup information I've seen out there is over-complicated and makes things more confusing. This is a very useful piece of software, but it can be extremely frustrating if it's not setup properly.
Click here to find out how to use Astrotortilla
Update: Since purchasing a cooled Astro Camera, I've moved to Astrophotography tool. BackyardEOS allows you to create an imaging plan and gives you a bit of a set it and forget it method to imaging. Obviously it interacts with the imaging camera, but also has the capability to communicate with your mount by porting to PHD2 for dithering (a process to reduce noise that moves each image a couple pixels).
Update: At home I use the built-in Windows Remote Desktop, which operates completely within your home network. It's faster and more reliable. Lastly, Teamviewer is a free remote control software that I use to control the PC connected to the scope. Living in Chicago, where it's either 95, or -5 and rarely in-between, I can image more often and for longer from inside the house.
More details on my specific setup
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text:
Constructing an Open Box: An open box with a square base is requried to have a volume of 10 cubic feet.
a) Express the amount A of material used to make such a box as a function of the length x of a side of the square base. MY answer: S=x^2 + 4x(10/x^2)
b)How much material is required for a base 1 foot by 1 foot?
c)How much material is required for a base 2 feet by 2 feet?
d) Graph A=A(x). For what value of x is A smallest?
I cannot figure out b,c,d...thank you


text:
Seasonal safeguarding reminder for Door Supervisors
Christmas is coming, and pubs and clubs will soon be full of Christmas get-togethers, office parties, and people celebrating the arrival of the holidays. It is also a time when some people can find themselves in a dangerous situation, either inside a venue or out on the streets, and in need of extra protection.
Door supervisors can make a big difference to the outcome of a night out by intervening to assist a vulnerable person in trouble and helping them to make it home safe.
We want to reinforce some of the key messages from our SIA-mandated door supervisor training and emphasise the importance of safeguarding vulnerable people in the night-time economy.
How can a door supervisor help to keep vulnerable people safe?
Recognise the risks to vulnerable people being ejected from, or refused entry to a venue, the risks include:
Being under the influence of drink or drugs
Receiving unwanted attention
Being too young to look after themselves
Becoming the target of a sexual predator
What actions can be taken by a door supervisor to protect vulnerable people?
Call a friend or relative to assist them
Call a licensed taxi to take them home
Use a 'safe haven'
Ask street pastors or street marshals to assist
Call the police
Can you recognise behaviours that could indicate potential sexual predators? These often include:
A lone male seen pestering a customer or member of staff
A heavily intoxicated female leaving with a male
A regular attendee frequently leaving with different intoxicated females
Finding a date-rape type drug on a person during a search


Profiles of Female Genius: Thirteen Visionary Women Who Changed the World
Gene N. Landrum, Author
Gene N. Landrum, Author Prometheus Books $29.98 (437p) ISBN 978-0-87975-892-9
Reviewed on: 07/04/1994
Release date: 07/01/1994
Landrum, a marketing specialist who wrote a study of male entrepreneurs, Profiles of Genius, here turns his attention to 13 successful women he views as geniuses. Limited to those who developed original and influential concepts during the past 40 years and did not inherit or marry into their profession, Landrum's choices are drawn from diverse fields, including fashion (Liz Claiborne and Lillian Vernon), politics (Golda Meir and Margaret Thatcher), entertainment (Madonna and Oprah Winfrey) and philosophy (Ayn Rand). The author's analysis of the factors that supposedly account for his subjects' abilities are presented in a frequently oversimplified pop psychology format. Landrum argues that these women generally are born first among their siblings, had self-employed fathers, and attended all-girls schools. Common character traits include perfectionism, high self-esteem, independence and charisma. It is unclear whether the women were chosen to fit Landrum's model or vise versa. (July)
The Best Books, Emailed Every Week
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text: A numerical simulation code was developed for estimating the surface temperature of POM wear test with different shapes. By using the developed code, the effect of sliding geometry with various contact areas on the surface temperature was numerically investigated. The simulation results show that the limiting sliding velocity depends on contact area and reaches a peak value at a certain geometry. It was also found that the simulation code leads an exact prediction of limiting velocity in the range of small contact area. This is important since the exact temperature measurement is very difficult in this range.


text:
Judicial notice is an important underpinning of litigation in Canada. The need to prove every trite and accepted fact as evidence would make litigation even more unwieldy than it already is.
Some of the problems emerge when judicial notice is used for facts which may be disputed by the parties. For example, in R. v. Zundel, the Court dealt with hate speech and the denial of the Holocaust. To provide the defendant to litigate the purported evidence against the facts around the Holocaust would only give him a platform to extend his hate speech further. Instead, the trial judge... [more]


#43 Moldavite (Museum Grade) ∞ 11.9g
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Authentic Moldavite mined from the region surrounding the Vlatava river in the Czech Republic. This Moldavite piece has been Prana Charged™.
Moldavite is one of the 12 synergy stones that are known to be the highest vibrational crystals on the planet and when collected and used together will help accelerate our spiritual evolution.
Forged by the alchemical union of cosmic fire and planet earth, Moldavite is the world's highest vibrational crystal that encapsulates the divine energies of both the terrestrial & celestial realms. A rare magical tektite born through the impact of a large meteorite that crashed into what is now known as the Czech Republic roughly 14.8 million years ago. The immense collision caused the meteorite and terrestrial rock to evaporate into gas before then raining down in liquid form, condensing, solidifying and atomically bonding to create this supernatural stone.
Moldavite is revered for its ability to dramatically enhance psychic potential, activate all of the seven chakras and rapidly accelerate one's spiritual evolution, earning its popular title 'the stone of destiny' as it is believed to synchronistically guide the beholder to their true life calling. Moldavite is one of the rare crystals where you can feel its energy instantly, commonly inducing the experience known as the 'Moldavite flush', a sudden opening of the heart charka. It has appeared in numerous myths and mystical literatures throughout time and is speculated to be the 'Holy Grail' mentioned in Arthurian legend.


text:
Tag: "shaving" at biology news
Researchers develop 'natural bandages' that mimic body's healing process
...imilar to what people use when they cut themselves shaving
just put a little dab on there and it's done." The researchers made the mat out of fibrinogen, a natural compound found in the bloodstream. When you get cut, your body activates its clotting mechanism a cascade of reactions where fibrinogen is brok...
Top Ramen platelets: just add water
...rming cells that stop you bleeding to death from a shaving
cut, are always in high demand from blood banks but have a short shelf life. Using a new process discovered at the University of California, Davis, platelets can be freeze-dried and stored for at least a year at room temperature before being reconsti...
Gene'shaving' could help doctors predict the efficacy of cancer treatments
...l. "One important motivation for developing gene shaving
was the wish to identify distinct sets of genes wh... measurements," continues Tibshirani. The gene shaving
process involves repeatedly applying a complex mathematical formula to the large sea of genetic expr...


text:
- Atomizer redirects here. For the Big Black album of the same name, see Atomizer (album)
is conversion of bulk liquid into a spray or mist (i.e. collection of drops), often by passing the liquid through a nozzle. Despite the name, it does not imply that the particles are reduced to atomic sizes.
An atomizer is an atomization apparatus; carburetors, airbrushes, misters, and spray bottles are only a few examples of atomizers used ubiquitously. In internal combustion engines, fine-grained fuel atomization is instrumental to efficient combustion.
In some manufacturing process, one may produce a fine powder by spraying molten or dissolved materials through an atomizer and solidifying the droplets.


text:
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Mississippi elementary and middle school teachers have a new tool to improve academic performance in the classroom.
The Mississippi Department of Education has launched a new campaign to help teachers incorporate physical activity into lesson plans. The "Move to Learn" campaign is based on two academic studies that show a correlation between increased fitness and improved test scores, as well as fewer absences and fewer disciplinary incidents at school.
"The two studies, 'Fitness Among Mississippi Students,' and 'Increasing Fitness to Improve Academic Performance,' also showed this correlation applies across all socio-economic and demographic categories," said Anne Travis, chief executive officer of the Bower Foundation, in an email.
The Bower Foundation provided the funding to the Education Department for the "Move to Learn" campaign.
The campaign provides teachers with videos and lesson plans they can access online that incorporate physical fitness into the classroom. The "Move to Learn" website also includes examples of schools that are already using physical activity to improve academic performance.
"We started with a 13-minute video that highlights success stories in Mississippi schools that have incorporated physical activity into the day beyond physical education requirements," said Scott Clements, director of the Mississippi Office of Healthy Schools.
Clinton said MDE officials traveled the state looking for schools that were using physical activity in the classroom. In Clinton, they found a school where the children were dancing in the hallways. Tardiness went down at that school, Clements said.
The website includes 10 five-minute video segments — five for K-3 students and five for elementary and middle school students.
"The teacher can stream or download (these video segments) and do a video break," Clements said. "(The teacher) gets the kids moving and then they're better ready to learn."
He said the campaign, with its emphasis on physical activity, addresses his concern about obesity in Mississippi students. Studies have shown that Mississippi has the most obese children of any state in the nation.
"That's the win-win piece of it," he said. "We feel like we're winning every way around on this thing. We're in the bottom in health and education. With this one project, we can address both at one time."
Clements said MDE is getting the word out any way it can.
Officials are talking about the website at conferences, publicizing it when they go to school districts and sending out messages to teachers over the Internet.


text:
Case studies on chemical munitions
DAIMON had a closer look on two dump locations with chemical warfare agents (CWA): Gdańsk Deep (Kolberger Heide) and Bornholm Deep. DAIMON's task was to precisely locate singular objects within the pilot areas by means of side scan sonars (SSS) supplemented by Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD), using both towed arrays and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). Detected objects were inspected by Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV), and identified based on visual data, archive inventory and other in situ methods. Sediment and water samples were collected to assess the spreading of toxic compounds. Passive samplers were deployed in vicinity of identified objects. Collected samples will be analyzed in regard to their impact on biota including infauna communities and fish.


AW: do plants really follow the sun
Buschmann, Henrik buschmann at
Fri Jan 21 08:19:46 EST 2000
in principle every cell should be able to detect the direction of light.
Practically this should be true for leaf tissues (+flowers) and tissues of
the stem. The ability to "follow" the sun should be restricted to actively
growing parts. Leaves and flowers of sunflower plants follow the sun during
its daily course. This is also known as solar tracking. Not every plant (how
many at all?) does this.
-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: patrickhall at [mailto:patrickhall at]
Gesendet am: Freitag, 21. Januar 2000 06:38
An: plantbio at
Betreff: do plants really follow the sun
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Article by Jeffrey Stivason
5 Reasons Why Systematic Theology is Indispensable to the Preacher
September 26, 2015 •
Benjamin B. Warfield wrote a little article for the Homiletic Review in 1897 titled, "The Indispensableness of Systematic Theology to the Preacher." As anything written by Warfield, it is a thoughtful and edifying piece with a clear aim. According to the Lion of Old Princeton, it is through Gospel truth that souls are saved. Thus, it is the prime business of the preacher, who possesses and is possessed by this truth, to proclaim it to men, women, and children. And so, says Warfield, systematic theology is an aid to the preacher in this great work because systematic theology "is nothing other than the saving truth of God presented in systematic form."
There are those today who would take issue with Warfield. Exegetes believe themselves to be purists. Biblical theologians believe themselves to be first cousins of the exegete. But the systematician is often looked upon as the ugly step sister. The one-time Queen of the Sciences has seen better days. Warfield found the situation to be the same in his day. He once quipped that Biblical theology "tosses her fine young head and announces of her more settled sister (i.e. systematic theology) that her day is over." Opponents of the Systematic Sister never weary of accusing her of splitting her hairs and engaging in windy profitless discussion. So, perhaps it might be a good idea to remember why systematic theology is indispensable to the preacher.
First, systematic theology is rooted in God's word. As Warfield said, "Scripture forms the only sufficing source of theology." In fact, the principle of all Reformed systematic theology can be distilled in a little phrase: God has said it. One can see the obvious correlation between writing a sermon and writing a systematic paper or text. The pastor and the theologian must begin with the Bible.
Second, systematic theology is not an independent and autonomous discipline. According to Warfield, "He who says, 'Systematic Theology' says theological discipline, and calls to mind its correlates in the other theological disciplines." In other words, systematic theology, queen though she may be, is not independent of exegesis, Biblical theology, and historical theology. As Warfield understood the matter, exegesis leads to Biblical theology or the organization of the scattered results of continuous exegesis into a concatenated whole. The fruit of Biblical theology is taken up by systematic theology and organized into a unified system. Thus, systematic theology takes the truths harvested from the theological disciplines in order to answer the question, "What does the Bible say about x?
Third, the preacher preaches what he knows. This may seem straightforward enough but it needs to be said because too many believe that all one needs to be a preacher is a heart aflame. This is true. But if the flame of the heart passes through a mind deficient of fuel the mouth has a tendency to issue forth smoke. Related to this is the problem of categorization. Some men know more than they seem able to communicate because they have not taken the time to organize or systematize what they have studied in God's word.
Fourth, and related to the previous point, preaching produces living. Over the years the congregation often begins to resemble the preacher and his preaching. For example, if a pastor places a heavy emphasis on law over against grace in his preaching the congregation will have a tendency to do the same. If he emphasizes grace to the exclusion of law it too will have an effect. Therefore, it is important that the pastor not only know systematic theology but use it to instruct his congregation. The old adage "right doctrine produces right living" is an old adage for a reason.
Fifth, and related to the first point, systematic theology is neither one man's opinion nor the church's creation. Since systematic theology arises from the Bible it is the truth of God which is to be confessed by the church and incorporated into her consciousness. This means that it is the preachers duty to know systematic theology in order to preserve, proclaim, and protect the truth of God once delivered to the saints.


text:
Do you need these mail server settings?
You can use the mail server settings in this article to manually set up your email app to send and receive email with an iCloud email account. However, you shouldn't need to do that if you meet iCloud system requirements and can use any of these setup methods:
- Use iCloud Preferences on your Mac in OS X Lion 10.7.4 or later.
- Use iCloud for Windows on your PC in Microsoft Windows with Outlook 2010 through Outlook 2016. Set up two-factor authentication and, if needed, generate an app-specific password* to use for iCloud Mail.
- Use iCloud settings on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with iOS 7 or later.
Mail server settings
Refer to your email app's documentation for information about how to use these settings. iCloud Mail uses the IMAP and SMTP standards supported by most modern email apps. iCloud does not support POP. If you set up an account using iCloud System Preferences or macOS Mail in 10.7.4 or later, you won't see these settings because they're automatically configured.
IMAP information for the incoming mail server
- Server name: imap.mail.me.com
- SSL Required: Yes
If you see an error message when using SSL, try using TLS instead.
- Port: 993
- Username: This is usually the name part of your iCloud email address (for example, emilyparker, not _EMAIL_). If your email client can't connect to iCloud using just the name part of your iCloud email address, try using the full address.
- Password: Generate an app-specific password.
SMTP information for the outgoing mail server
- Server name: smtp.mail.me.com
- SSL Required: Yes
If you see an error message when using SSL, try using TLS or STARTTLS instead.
- Port: 587
- SMTP Authentication Required: Yes
- Username: Your full iCloud email address (for example, _EMAIL_, not emilyparker)
- Password: Use the app-specific password that you generated when you set up the incoming mail server.
* You only need to use an app-specific password if you're manually setting up mail with your iCloud account in Windows, if you use Mac OS X Mail (10.7.4 and earlier), or if you use any other third-party mail client.


Is There a Difference Between Bar Soap and Liquid Hand Wash?
By Claire CameronFeb 19, 2016 6:00 PM
Handwashing Bar Soap - Shutterstock
(Credit: Alliance/Shutterstock)
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Q: Is there any difference between washing our hands with bar soap or liquid hand wash? Would it be better if we wash with both soap and hand wash at the same time? — Rowena Kong, Vancouver, Canada
A: The debate over whether bar or liquid is best has been ongoing for decades, but a 2006 study nearly put an end to bar soap's clean credentials. It found that the more consistently wet the bar soaps were and the more they were used, the more potentially harmful microbes they hosted.
Counterintuitively, this is because of how soap works: When it mixes with water, the soap's fats break down and lather, increasing the solubility of what's on your skin, including bacteria. But water alone can't remove all bacteria, and since some water remains on the soap's surface after you've finished washing, some bacteria lingers in that water.
Luckily, soap is water soluble, so just rinsing the bar reduces bacteria on it. And there's nothing wrong with using it at home, where presumably fewer people (and their germs) will touch it. Still, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends people use liquid hand wash to minimize the risk of spreading harmful bacteria. Even though refilling liquid hand wash dispensers can turn them into potential havens for microbes, liquid still trumps bar in the CDC's eyes. That's because people can either dispose of the dispensers or thoroughly clean them before refilling, decreasing the chance they'll harbor bacteria.
As for mixing the two, CDC spokeswoman Brittany Behm says, "We don't think there is any reason to use both bar and liquid soap simultaneously." So stick to the soap you like best.
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text:
Mass Mania - The New Mass + Heat Transfer Column Model
July 19, 2016
The design and optimization of separation processes is carried out using process simulators which utilize various calculation approaches. ProMax® 4.0 now has both the Ideal Stage method and the Mass + Heat Transfer method available for use in reactive and non-reactive systems. This blog will discuss some basic settings for use of the Mass + Heat Transfer model as implemented in ProMax.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models – User Inputs
While the Mass + Heat Transfer calculation method requires a great deal of information about the system being modeled, much of this is provided automatically by ProMax. This leaves the user with a relatively minimal amount of required inputs. The required information that the user must supply includes the number of calculational increments in the column as well as column details such as tray type or packing type. Additional information that is used in the Mass + Heat Transfer method--but is generally supplied by ProMax--includes transport properties as calculated by the selected property package and mass transfer coefficients/interfacial areas as provided by the selected correlations.
Number of Calculational Increments
Whether a column contains trays or packing, a number of calculational increments, or stages, must be selected by the user. For trayed systems, this number will be equal to the actual number of trays being considered. For packed systems, the number of vertical segments that will represent a given depth of packing must be selected. The total packing depth, number of segments, and height of each segment must be known as well, although definition of any two of these inputs will provide the third. The height of each segment is significant, but a discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this blog. Further details can be found in the ProMax Help File or by contacting BR&E. In general, a segment height of approximately 18 inches or 0.5 meters is recommended.
Besides the number of trays or the number of segments and packing depth, the Mass + Heat Transfer model requires detailed information of the column internals, regardless of whether the system being modeled is reactive or non-reactive. For trays, this includes information such tray type and spacing, weir heights, fraction active area, etc. For packing, the user should select one of the numerous pre-defined packings available in ProMax for each segment.
Other Values used in Mass + Heat Transfer Calculations
The remaining values required to perform the mass transfer calculations are provided by ProMax. Transport and thermal properties such as diffusivities, viscosities, densities, heat capacities, and thermal conductivities are provided by the thermodynamic package selected in the ProMax environment. Mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas are provided by the selected Mass Transfer Coefficient correlation or Interfacial Area correlation (if applicable) in the column. Default selections of the various correlations are provided in ProMax, although the selection may be changed by the user. A general discussion of the correlation selections, as well as some other options available to the user, is provided below:
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Correlations Available in ProMax 4.0
Trayed Column Modeling
Tray Mass Transfer Correlation: The AIChE correlation was developed for bubble-cap trays, is the most widely used, and has been extensively applied to sieve and valve trays. It provides mid-range values for the mass transfer coefficient. Scheffe-Weiland was developed for valve trays and generally yields the most aggressive values for the mass transfer coefficient. Chan-Fair is a modification of the AIChE correlation for sieve trays and gives similar performance. Chen-Chuang, Stichlmair, and Zuiderweg generally give the most conservative values for mass transfer coefficient. These models were developed from sieve trays and in the case of Stichlmair, some valve trays. For further discussion of these correlations, please see the ProMax help topic Overview of Tray Mass Transfer Correlations. In the cases of AIChE, Chan-Fair, and Chen-Chuang, the correlations return a product of the mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area. A selection for an interfacial area correlation is therefore required for kinetically limited systems.
Tray Interfacial Area Correlation: If reaction kinetics are to be considered, the interfacial area must be separable from the mass transfer coefficient, so a correlation must be selected that returns the area alone. The three correlations available (Stichlmair, Zuiderweg, and Scheffe-Weiland) provide relatively similar results.
Packed Column Modeling
Random Mass Transfer Correlation: Onda gives the most conservative value and can be applied to any random packing. Bravo-Fair can also be applied to any random packing, while Billet-Schultes and Hanley-Chen are limited to packing where data are available for the correlation.
Structured Mass Transfer Correlation: Each of the provided correlations are limited to packing where available data exist.
For the selected packing correlations, the interfacial area is assumed to be that of the packing. Selection of an interfacial area correlation for packing is therefore not required.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Other options in the M+HT model
Mass Transfer Formulation: General Maxwell-Stefan is the recommended multicomponent vapor-liquid mass transfer formulation. M-S Liquid Only or Vapor Only neglect the transfer resistance in the other phase. Overall Vapor or Liquid phase formulates the problem as more of a binary system, which neglects the drift behavior.
Mixing Model: The default selection, "well-mixed", assumes perfect mixing within each of the phases. If either or both of the phases has little to no back-mixing on a stage, a plug flow model could be a better choice. For example, if a tray flow length is long (2 m diameter with 1 pass), an assumption of perfect mixing within the liquid phase may not suffice, and Liquid Plug Flow may be a better model choice. The Equilibrium Stage selection allows individual trays or packing segments to be modeled as ideal stages. This can be useful for things like water wash trays.
The Help function in ProMax has extensive explanations of all of the dialog parameters. Additional help can be provided by contacting BR&E.
What other adjustments are available to modify column performance?
While BR&E believes the default configuration of Mass + Heat Transfer parameters should calculate very reasonable column results, there could be occasions when a user might want to adjust the performance of a column. In the Process Data-Properties-Column dialog, there are two parameters, Heat Transfer Factor and Interfacial Area Factor, that can be used to adjust performance for the entire column. Interfacial Area Factor multiplies the interfacial area, which impacts both heat and mass transfer. A higher value gives higher transfer. The Heat Transfer Factor is a multiplier as well, but multiplies the heat transfer only. If stage-wise or component-wise mass transfer modification is desired, check under Process Data – PropertiesMass Transfer-Mass Transfer Multipliers. These values increase or decrease the mass transfer of individual components on individual stages. If these modifications are still not enough, ProMax allows for user defined mass transfer coefficients via a user supplied DLL. For more information, please see the help topic "User Defined Mass Transfer Coefficient Information" and contact BR&E Support.


Local Attractions of Arusha you should not miss
First-Timers Guide to a Perfect Tanzania Vacation
April 15, 2021
Safari Holiday Guide 2021/2022 by Flightlink
April 15, 2021
Arusha is one of the most beautiful destinations that tourists can visit in Tanzania. The region is lush green, and home to spectacular birds and wildlife. With scenic views of Mount Meru, this heavenly spot is a must-see for travel lovers. Here are some of the top local attractions that travellers should not miss on a trip to Arusha.
 1. Arusha National Park
The most popular attraction of the region is the amazing Arusha National Park, where tourists can enjoy safaris, bird watching, and game viewing. Tourists can spot buffaloes, giraffes, zebras, monkeys, warthogs, bushbucks, elephants, hippopotamus, gazelles, hyenas, apes, woodpeckers, flamingoes, geese, herons, parrots, and eagles! They can go on walking tours, or game drives, or enjoy camping!
 1. Ngurdoto Crater
The swampy Ngurdoto Crater is covered with a dense rainforest, and is a great spot for nature lovers to visit. Tourists can explore the area on foot, and observe the vivid greenery. The crater is home to birds such as hornbills, geese, and herons, as well as animals like warthogs, elephants, buffaloes, colobus monkeys, and hyenas!
 1. Mount Meru
Located about one hour (from car) away from Arusha, Mount Meru is a spectacular spot for tourists to visit. Standing at 4566m, the active volcano is the fifth highest mountain in Africa. Tourists can enjoy the enchanting view, or have an adventurous hiking trip.
 1. Momella Lakes
The Momella Lakes are situated near Arusha, and are named Tulusia, Small Momella, Kusare, Lekandiro, Rishateni, El Kekhotoito, and Big Momella. These seven shallow, alkaline lakes are home to a variety of birds, including flamingoes, pelicans, ducks, herons, and eagles! Tourists can enjoy birdwatching, canoeing, or spotting wildlife such as giraffes, dik diks, waterbucks, and zebras
 1. Tululusia Waterfall
On the slopes of Mount Meru, visitors can find a stunning 28m high waterfall. Tourists can hike up to the spot, and can hear the sound of the gushing water from at least 100m away! The breathtaking spot is filled with greenery, flowers, and lush vegetation. Visitors can find wildlife such as buffaloes, warthogs, and giraffes on their way.
 1. Lake Duluti
The majestic Lake Duluti can be reached after a 30 minute drive from Arusha. The lake is unique, because it used to be a mountain between Mount Meru and Kilimanjaro, but it collapsed and became a crater lake! Visitors can walk around the gorgeous region, look for birds, hike up to the forest, or enjoy a canoeing experience. They can find birds such as ospreys, eagles, egrets, kingfishers, and herons!
 1. Meserani Snake Park
In Arusha, a great local attraction that guests must visit is the unique Meserani Snake Park where guides show dangerous snakes such as the Black or Green Mamba, Puff Adders, and Egyptian Cobra. Visitors can even hold snakes, or baby crocodiles, and learn about them.
 1. Lake Manyara
Tourists can take a day trip to Lake Manyara, which is a 90 minute drive away. At this tranquil location, tourists can relax and observe the stunning flora and fauna, enjoy a picnic, or go on a serene boat tour. They can spot leopards, giraffes, elephants, wildebeests, zebras, lions, blue monkeys, and over 400 bird species including pelicans, flamingos, hornbills, crowned eagles, guinea fowl, egrets, and storks!
 1. Chemka Hot Springs
Chemka Hot Springs are an extraordinary tourist spot where one can enjoy a picnic, relax in the breathtaking scenery, or swim in the hot springs. This geothermal oasis is one of the most glorious tourist spots in Arusha, and is famous because of its unforgettable beauty.
 1. Tarangire National Park
Tourists can take a day trip to the amazing Tarangire National Park, one of the top safari parks of the country. Visitors can enjoy game viewing, bird watching, or wildlife viewing, as they can spot elands, leopards, cheetahs, giraffes, impalas, waterbucks, wild dogs, gazelles, mongooses, badgers, lions, monkeys, and baboons! The park is home to huge herds of elephant herds, and is famous for the extraordinary elephant migration that travellers can witness during their trip!
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Configuring Projects (F#)
This topic includes information about how to use the Project Designer when you work with F# projects. Working with F# projects is not significantly different from working with Visual Basic or C# projects. You can often use the general Visual Studio project documentation as your primary reference when you use F#. This topic provides links to relevant information in the Visual Studio documentation for settings that are shared with the other Visual Studio languages, and also describes the settings specific to F#.
The Project Designer and its general use are described fully in the topic Introduction to the Project Designer in the Visual Studio documentation. The Project Designer consists of several pages grouped by related functionality. The pages available for F# projects are mostly a subset of those available for other languages. The pages supported in F# are described in the following table. The pages that are not available relate to features that are not available in F#, or that are available only by changing a command-line option. The pages that are available in F# resemble the C# pages most closely, so a link is provided to the relevant C# Project Designer page.
Project Designer page
Related links
Application Page, Project Designer (C#)
Enables you to specify application-level settings and properties, such as whether you are creating a library or an executable file, what version of the.NET Framework the application is targeting, and information about where the resource files that the application uses are stored.
Build Page, Project Designer (C#)
Enables you to control how the code is compiled.
Build Events
Build Events Page, Project Designer (C#)
Enables you to specify commands to run before or after a compilation.
Debug Page, Project Designer
Enables you to control how the application runs during debugging. This includes what command-line to use and what your application's starting directory is, and any special debugging modes you want to enable, such as native code and SQL.
Reference Paths
Managing Project References
Enables you to specify where to search for assemblies that the code depends on.
The following table summarizes settings that are specific to F#.
Project Designer page
Generate tail calls
If selected, enables the use of the tail Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. This causes the stack frame to be reused for tail recursive functions. Equivalent to the --tailcalls compiler option.
Other flags
Allows you to specify additional compiler command-line options.
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High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of gold and alloy clusters protected by hydrophilic thiolates†
In this work, we found two hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suitable for the high-resolution separation of hydrophilic metal clusters. The mass distributions of the product mixtures of hydrophilic metal clusters were evaluated via HPLC mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using these HILIC columns. Consequently, we observed multiple clusters that had not been previously reported for glutathionate (SG)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SG)m). Additionally, we demonstrated that Aun−xMx(SG)m alloy clusters (M = Ag, Cu, or Pd) in which part of the Au in the Aun(SG)m cluster is replaced by a heteroelement can be synthesized, similar to the case of hydrophobic alloy clusters. It is easy to evaluate the mass distributions of hydrophilic metal clusters using this method. Thus, remarkable progress in the synthesis techniques of hydrophilic metal clusters through the use of this method is anticipated, as is the situation for hydrophobic metal clusters.


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U.S. Department of State - Great Seal
U.S. Department of State
Diplomacy in Action
The United States and Lithuania Strengthen Energy Security Cooperation
Media Note
Office of the Spokesperson
Washington, DC
July 1, 2011
Begin text:
The Governments of the United States and Lithuania reaffirm their strong bilateral partnership and close cooperation, and recommit to strengthen energy security in promoting energy diversification efforts in the Baltic Sea region. Lithuania has taken a leading role in promoting regional energy security cooperation in several key energy diversification and market liberalization initiatives, including a regional nuclear power plant, new opportunities for liquefied natural gas, and energy interconnectors within the Baltic Sea region. Lithuania has also been a leader in the implementation of the European Union's Third Energy Package.
The United States and Lithuania recognize the crucial importance of the region's shared interest in enhancing energy efficiency and diversifying energy sources through the development of clean, safe, and sustainable energy sources. Such energy sources include nuclear energy, LNG, domestic unconventional oil and gas, and renewable energy. Both countries underline the importance of the IAEA nuclear safety standards and international nuclear safety obligations, including those in the Convention on Nuclear Safety.
The United States and Lithuania realize the promise domestic unconventional oil and gas hold for our future and the importance of fully developing and utilizing these resources in an environmentally responsible manner. Representatives of the Republic of Lithuania and of the United States participated in the Global Shale Gas Initiative (GSGI) Conference in Washington DC in August 2010. We look forward to continuing to cooperate on areas such as shale gas. Both the Lithuanian government and industry leaders are comprehensively exploring the opportunities for unconventional oil and gas in Lithuania.
The United States and Lithuania intend to work together to promote safe and stable energy supplies and to encourage the development of energy projects leading to a diversified and liberalized energy market. Both countries intend to identify potential opportunities to further enhance cooperation and trade and investment in the energy sector. The governments of the United States and Lithuania are pleased that American firms are being considered to participate in the implementation of these important projects.
PRN: 2011/1099
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Mathematician:Abraham Halevi Fraenkel
German-born Israeli Hungarian mathematician best known for his work on axiomatic set theory.
He also wrote on topics in the history of mathematics.
Israeli; born in Germany
- Born: February 17, 1891 Munich, Germany
- Died: October 15, 1965 Jerusalem, Israel
Theorems and Definitions
- Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms:
- Zermelo-Fraenkel-Skolem Set Theory (with Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo and Thoralf Albert Skolem)
Results named for Abraham Halevi Fraenkel can be found here.
Definitions of concepts named for Abraham Halevi Fraenkel can be found here.
Axioms named for Abraham Halevi Fraenkel can be found here.
- 1908: Bestimmung des Datums des jüdischen Osterfestes für die Zeitrechnung der Mohammedaner
- 1909: Eine Formel zur Verwandlung jüdischer Daten in mohammedanische
- 1910: Die Berechnung des Osterfestes
- 1915: Über die Teiler der Null und die Zerlegung von Ringen
- 1919: Einleitung in die Mengenlehre
- 1922: The notion of 'definite' and the independence of the axiom of choice
- 1938: Historical introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory by Paul Bernays
- 1953: Abstract Set Theory
- 1958: Foundations of Set Theory (with Yehoshua Bar-Hillel)
- 1960: Jewish mathematics and astronomy
- 1966: Set Theory and Logic
- 1967: Lebenskreise: Aus den Erinnerungen eines jüdischen Mathematikers
- 1973: Foundations of Set Theory, 2nd Ed. (with Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Azriel Lévy and Dirk van Dalen)
Also known as
In Hebrew: אברהם הלוי (אדולף) פרנקל
Originally known as Adolf, changed his name to Abraham when he moved to Palestine.
Hence some of his works can be found under the name Abraham Adolf Fraenkel, or A.A. Fraenkel.


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Henry Southard (October 7, 1747 – May 22, 1842) was a United States Representative from the state of New Jersey.
Southard was born in Hempstead, Long Island, New York. He moved with his parents to Basking Ridge, New Jersey in 1755, where he attended the common schools and worked on a farm. Later, Southard served as a private and later as wagon master during the American Revolution. After the war, he engaged in agriculture, before serving as a Justice of the Peace from 1787 to 1792. Later, he served as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly, from 1797 to 1799 and again in 1811. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 7th United States Congress and to the four succeeding Congresses, where he served from March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1811. During the 11th Congress, Southard was Chairman of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. He was later elected to the 14th, 15th, and 16th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1815 to March 3, 1821. After leaving Congress for good, Southard returned to farming. He died in Basking Ridge in Somerset County, New Jersey, and was interred in Basking Ridge Cemetery.
Henry Southard was the father of Isaac Southard and Samuel Lewis Southard.


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- god (n.)
- Old English god "supreme being, deity; the Christian God; image of a god; godlike person," from Proto-Germanic *guthan (cf. Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch god, Old High German got, German Gott, Old Norse guð, Gothic guþ), from PIE *ghut- "that which is invoked" (cf. Old Church Slavonic zovo "to call," Sanskrit huta- "invoked," an epithet of Indra), from root *gheu(e)- "to call, invoke."
But some trace it to PIE *ghu-to- "poured," from root *gheu- "to pour, pour a libation" (source of Greek khein "to pour," also in the phrase khute gaia "poured earth," referring to a burial mound; see found (v.2)). "Given the Greek facts, the Germanic form may have referred in the first instance to the spirit immanent in a burial mound" [Watkins]. Cf. also Zeus.
Not related to good. Originally a neuter noun in Germanic, the gender shifted to masculine after the coming of Christianity. Old English god probably was closer in sense to Latin numen. A better word to translate deus might have been Proto-Germanic *ansuz, but this was used only of the highest deities in the Germanic religion, and not of foreign gods, and it was never used of the Christian God. It survives in English mainly in the personal names beginning in Os-.
I want my lawyer, my tailor, my servants, even my wife to believe in God, because it means that I shall be cheated and robbed and cuckolded less often.... If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. [Voltaire]
God bless you after someone sneezes is credited to St. Gregory the Great, but the pagan Romans (Absit omen) and Greeks had similar customs.


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Brian Congiu '08 and Lisa Romas '08 in Alaska in July, 2006.
A team of three faculty members and two students from St. Lawrence University are
among the researchers studying the environmental impact of a Formerly Used Defense
Site (FUDS) in a remote area of Alaska called, fittingly enough, St. Lawrence Island.
Associate Professor of Geology Jeffrey Chiarenzelli '81 and colleagues from Clarkson
University and SUNY Albany have been studying the area, with other researchers, and
have been awarded National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Environmental
Justice grant funding. He traveled to the area in the summer of 2006, along with
Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies Jon Rosales (whose wife, Matilda, is half
Yu'pik and has family in the region); Associate Professor of Geology Cathy Shrady;
Brian Congiu '08, of Bayonne, NJ; and Lisa Romas '08, of Fayetteville, NY. Romas was
awarded a University Fellowship for the research, and others are being assisted by
the University, in part through the Center for International and Intercultural Studies.
Congiu and Romas are the only undergraduates who were part of the field research team,
from any institution.
Researchers are gathering information on St. Lawrence Island and other communities
in the Norton Sound region of Alaska, populated mostly by Yu'pik and Inupiat native
peoples. The project involves environmental sampling at FUDS that were used throughout
World War II and into the 1950's. The residents have asked for assistance as they
are concerned that contaminants left at these sites may be affecting their health
and their food supply; air, water, soil and other environmental samples were collected
for study. Other researchers are working with residents to collect tissue samples.
Romas and Congiu assisted with sampling, and will continue on the project, developing
the research into independent projects and senior theses. They are working on
Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) databases of
More information: Alaska Native Heritage Web Site
Posted: October 18, 2006


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As the result of a Settlement Agreement that the National AGO organization is entering into with the Federal Trade Commission, the AGO is no longer permitted to publish Salary Guidelines, Model Contracts, or Model Contract Provisions. Accordingly, these documents and guidelines have been removed from the AGO headquarters and this chapter's website.
Independent Contractor or Employee? How to Tell the Difference.
Occasionally churches or synagogues will hire musicians as independent contractors instead of employees. According to the IRS, workers are generally considered employees if they:
- Must comply with the employer's instructions about the work.
- Receive training from or at the direction of the employer.
- Provide services that are integrated into the business.
- Provide services that must be rendered personally.
- Are aided by assistants who are hired, supervised, and paid by the employer.
- Have a continuing working relationship with the employer.
- Must follow set hours of work.
- Work full-time for an employer.
- Do their work on the employer's premises.
- Must do their work in a sequence set by the employer.
- Must submit regular reports to the employer.
- Receive payments of regular amounts at set intervals.
- Receive payments for business travel expenses.
- Rely on the employer to furnish tools and materials.
- Lack a major investment in the facilities or equipment used to perform the services.
- Cannot make a profit or suffer a loss from their services.
- Work for one employer at a time.
- Do not offer their services to the general public.
- Can be fired by the employer.
- May quit work at any time without incurring liability.
According to these guidelines, the majority of church and synagogue musicians are employees.
To access the AGO "Positions Available" (available only to current members), please click here.


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For dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the fundamental process that determines the maximum short-circuit current is the absorption of light. In such devices, this is produced by the concurrent phenomena of light absorption by dye molecules and light trapping in the mesoporous, titania photoanode structure. The decoupling of these two phenomena is important for device characterization and the design of novel photoelectrode geometries with increased optical performance. In this paper, this task is addressed by introducing a spectral absorption enhancement factor as a parameter to quantify the light trapping effect. The experimental value of this parameter was obtained by comparing the experimentally determined fraction of absorbed light by a dye-sensitized photoanode with the light absorbed by the dye without the mesoporous titania structure. In order to gain more insight from this result, the fraction of light absorbed in the photoanode (on the basis of the dye loading capacity of the titania nanospheres) was also calculated by an optical model for the two extreme cases of the absence of light trapping and maximum light trapping. Accordingly, the photocurrent was calculated under the assumption of solar irradiation, which defined two useful boundaries. Using the experimentally derived values of the spectral absorption enhancement factor in the photoanode optical model, the DSSC short-circuit current can be calculated with good agreement with the value measured in practical devices based on the same photoanode structures. Therefore, our approach provides a realistic description of a practical device and can be exploited as an useful tool to assess the optical functionality of novel photoanode structures. © 2015 Gagliardi and Falconieri.
|Titolo:||Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2015|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|


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i encountered the following question during nclex review:
the best action to establish correct placement of a gastric tube is for the nurse to
a) aspirate for the color and ph test b) inject air while listening for the gastric gurgle c) check the results of the x-ray results of tube placement d) measure the residual volume then reinsert the aspirate
you chose:c)check the results of the x-ray results of tube placement
the correct answer is a: aspirate for the color and ph test. all of the options are safe actions. however checking the color and ph are the best actions for verification of tube placement.
i selected xray, because visualization is the best confirmation is it not? i consulted my saunders review book and it states that the most reliable method of placement confirmation is xray after initial placement. thereafter, aspiration and ph test should be used to check placement most accurately.
okay, am i missing something in this question? i was taught not to assume, but am i supposed to assume that this is after initial placement, or that the xray results are not from a current xray but from the initial placement?
the question asked best action of the nurse, the only way that i would be able to understand why this answer is correct is if checking the results of an xray is not an action of the nurse. how would you answer this question for nclex purposes, a or c, and if you could please explain your thinking.
thanks to all who answer!


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Study of Viscosity and Friction Factor of Nano Drilling Fluids along with Torque and Drag Reduction
MetadataShow full item record
Energy industries have been taking advantages from the recent developments of nanotechnology. Several revolutionary changes can be made in drilling industry with the help of nanotechnology. It has a capability to produce such nanomaterials that can bring benefit to the industry in various manners such as improving the quality of mud cake, decreasing the frictional resistance in the well, minimizing the risk of pipe sticking, establishing borehole stability, preventing reservoir from formation damage, and augmenting the recovery of oil and gas. In the field of drilling fluids, researchers have tested the application of nanoparticles and have concluded with very promising results in terms of reduction in torque and drag, stabilizing the well bore, controlling fluid loss and improving hole cleaning efficiency. Use of the nanoparticles in reducing friction and improving lubrication effect has already been recognized in different industries. Drilling industry has moved towards exploiting reservoir in more economical ways such as drilling an extended reach well. These wells are quite challenging when it comes to solving down hole drilling problems such as high torque and drag. Lubrication efficiency of drilling fluids can play a decisive role in solving torque and drag problem. Although oil based drilling fluid offers reduced friction factor in the wellbore, environmental concerns and high expenditures can limit its usage. An alternate solution is to make the most of better lubrication efficiency of the nanoparticles by adding them in drilling fluid particularly to water base drilling fluids. This addition also has its impact on the rheological properties of drilling fluid which can affect its other function. By keeping this agenda in mind, different nanoparticles were added to drilling fluids at different concentrations and the impact on friction factor and viscosity was studied through tribometer and rheometer respectively. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, silica, alumina, cobalt and nickel nanoparticles were selected as potential particles and their effects were studied in three different base fluids. Temperature influence on tribology and rheology were also made part of the study. The reliability of test results was established by using Modular Compact Rheometer (MCR) for rheological measurements and Pin-on-Disc Tribometer for friction factor measurements. In addition to this, the impact of nanoparticles' addition on density and pH of drilling fluid was also evaluated and the results were used to ponder on the relationship between different properties of drilling fluid. Evaluation of viscosity and friction factor led to selection of the best nano drilling fluids which were further used in case study to develop temperature, viscosity, friction factor and torque and drag profile using software technology. The comparison of results between conventional drilling fluid and nano drilling fluids proves that nano drilling fluid can deliver better performance in terms of better bit cooling, enhanced viscous behavior, low friction factors, and reduced torque and drag.
Master's thesis in Petroleum engineering


other)
Bulk update of this object with another one. It's used to merge a smaller and younger $other object into the current one. If this file is a Z file, then we normally do not merge in objects of type delete; this can be overridden by setting keep_delete_objects_forever. But if we encounter an object of type delete we delete the corresponding new object if we have it.
If there is nothing to be merged, nothing is done.
Hashref denoting when this recentfile has been merged into some other at which epoch.
$hashref = $obj->meta_data
Returns the hashref of metadata that the server has to add to the recentfile.
$success = $obj->mirror ( %options )
Mirrors the files in this recentfile as reported by recent_events. Options named after, before, max are passed through to the recent_events call. The boolean option piecemeal, if true, causes mirror to only rsync max_files_per_connection and keep track of the rsynced files so that future calls will rsync different files until all files are brought to sync.
$success = $obj->mirror_path ( $arrref | $path )
If the argument is a scalar it is treated as a path. The remote path is mirrored into the local copy. $path is the path found in the recentfile, i.e. it is relative to the root directory of the mirror.
If the argument is an array reference then all elements are treated as a path below the current tree and all are rsynced with a single command (and a single connection).
$path = $obj->naive_path_normalize ($path)
Takes an absolute unix style path as argument and canonicalizes it to a shorter path if possible, removing things like double slashes or /./ and removes references to../ directories to get a shorter unambiguos path. This is used to make the code easier that determines if a file passed to upgrade() is indeed below our localroot.
$ret = $obj->read_recent_1 ( $data )
Delegate of recent_events() on protocol 1
$array_ref = $obj->recent_events ( %options )
Note: the code relies on the resource being written atomically. We cannot lock because we may have no write access. If the caller has write access (eg. aggregate() or update()), it has to care for any necessary locking and it MUST write atomically.
If $options{after} is specified, only file events after this timestamp are returned.
If $options{before} is specified, only file events before this timestamp are returned.
If $options{max} is specified only a maximum of this many most recent events is returned.
If $options{'skip-deletes'} is specified, no files-to-be-deleted will be returned.
If $options{contains} is specified the value must be a hash reference containing a query. The query may contain the keys epoch, path, and type. Each represents a condition that must be met. If there is more than one such key, the conditions are ANDed.
If $options{info} is specified, it must be a hashref. This hashref will be filled with metadata about the unfiltered recent_events of this object, in key first there is the first item, in key last is the last.
$ret = $obj->rfilename
Just the basename of our recentfile, composed from filenameroot, a dash, interval, and serializer_suffix. E.g. RECENT-6h.yaml
$str = $self->remote_dir
The directory we are mirroring from.
$str = $obj->remoteroot
(void) $obj->remoteroot ( $set )
Get/Set the composed prefix needed when rsyncing from a remote module. If remote_host, remote_module, and remote_dir are set, it is composed from these.
(void) $obj->split_rfilename ( $recentfilename )
Inverse method to rfilename. $recentfilename is a plain filename of the pattern
This filename is split into its parts and the parts are fed to the object itself.
my $rfile = $obj->rfile
Returns the full path of the recentfile
$rsync_obj = $obj->rsync
The File::Rsync object that this object uses for communicating with an upstream server.
(void) $obj->register_rsync_error(_USER_)
(void) $obj->un_register_rsync_error()
Register_rsync_error is called whenever the File::Rsync object fails on an exec (say, connection doesn't succeed). It issues a warning and sleeps for an increasing amount of time. Un_register_rsync_error resets the error count. See also accessor max_rsync_errors.
$clone = $obj->_sparse_clone
Clones just as much from itself that it does not hurt. Experimental method.
Note: what fits better: sparse or shallow? Other suggestions?
$boolean = OBJ->ttl_reached ()
(void) $obj->unlock()
Unlocking is implemented with an rmdir on a locking directory (.lock appended to $rfile).
Sets this recentfile in the state of not'seeded'.
$ret = $obj->update ($path, $type)
$ret = $obj->update ($path, "new", $dirty_epoch)
$ret = $obj->update ()
Enter one file into the local recentfile. $path is the (usually absolute) path. If the path is outside our tree, then it is ignored.
$type is one of new or delete.
Events of type new may set $dirty_epoch. $dirty_epoch is normally not used and the epoch is calculated by the update() routine itself based on current time. But if there is the demand to insert a not-so-current file into the dataset, then the caller sets $dirty_epoch. This causes the epoch of the registered event to become $dirty_epoch or -- if the exact value given is already taken -- a tiny bit more. As compensation the dirtymark of the whole dataset is set to now or the current epoch, whichever is higher. Note: setting the dirty_epoch to the future is prohibited as it's very unlikely to be intended: it definitely might wreak havoc with the index files.
The new file event is unshifted (or, if dirty_epoch is set, inserted at the place it belongs to, according to the rule to have a sequence of strictly decreasing timestamps) to the array of recent_events and the array is shortened to the length of the timespan allowed. This is usually the timespan specified by the interval of this recentfile but as long as this recentfile has not been merged to another one, the timespan may grow without bounds.
The third form runs an update without inserting a new file. This may be desired to truncate a recentfile.
Like update but for many files. $batch is an arrayref containing hashrefs with the structure
 path => $path,
 type => $type,
 epoch => $epoch,
Sets this recentfile in the state of'seeded' which means it has to re-evaluate its uptodateness.
Tells if the recentfile is in the state'seeded'.
True if this object has mirrored the complete interval covered by the current recentfile.
$obj->write_recent ($recent_files_arrayref)
Writes a recentfile based on the current reflection of the current state of the tree limited by the current interval.
$obj->write_0 ($recent_files_arrayref)
Delegate of write_recent() on protocol 0
$obj->write_1 ($recent_files_arrayref)
Delegate of write_recent() on protocol 1
The following suffixes are supported and trigger the use of these serializers:
".yaml" => "YAML::Syck"
".json" => "JSON"
".sto" => "Storable"
".dd" => "Data::Dumper"
An interval spec is a primitive way to express time spans. Normally it is composed from an integer and a letter.
As a special case, a string that consists only of the single letter Z, stands for MAX_INT seconds.
The following letters express the specified number of seconds:
s => 1
m => 60
h => 60*60
d => 60*60*24
W => 60*60*24*7
M => 60*60*24*30
Q => 60*60*24*90
Y => 60*60*24*365.25
File::Rsync::Mirror::Recent, File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile::Done, File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile::FakeBigFloat
Memory hungry: it seems all memory is allocated during the initial rsync where a list of all files is maintained in memory.
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
 perldoc File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile
You can also look for information at:
Thanks to RJBS for module-starter.
Andreas König
Copyright 2008,2009 Andreas König.
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