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 PeterDobias.com / Blog / Supplements & Diet
 Synthetic supplements for dogs can cause serious problems
 By Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
 It is very apparent from nature that living organisms are extremely capable of selecting nutrients that they need and throwing away the ones that are in excess. The body does it without any outside regulation and with ease.
 synthetic vitamins
 How many supplements are too many?
 The problem of excess nutrients only arises when synthetic chemicals are offered instead of food-based concentrates and supplements. These supplements including synthetic vitamins and minerals can correct symptoms of severe deficiency - for example scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency and Beriberi vitamin B1 hypovitaminosis.
 However, synthetic non-food based supplements can create severe excesses and overdoses. Good examples are fat soluble vitamins ADEK or overdoses of minerals in chemically manufactured mineral supplements. I frequently see this in dogs' hair mineral test results.
 The body needs real food!
 The body is designed to process food-based nutrients and not chemicals which can easily create a state of excess often expressed in agitation, heat production and digestive problems. These are the main reasons why I only recommend naturally-fermented vitamins, probioticsplant-based minerals and naturally sourced omega oils that are powerful, yet gentle and can be managed by the body well.
 A simple example is the difference between taking a cheap synthetic multivitamin that commonly causes stomach upset when taken on an empty stomach and a naturally fermented multivitamin that usually does not cause such symptoms.
 Nature never measures the exact amounts of vitamins and nutrients in food. It just provides nutrients that are natural and non-synthetic.
 There are two major and very common problems in nutrition and the origin of premature ageing and chronic disease:
 1. Deficiency of nutrients and vitamins that result from soil and food depletion.
 2. Supplementing them in artificial forms.
 It is not a question of whether supplements are needed but what forms to give and which ones to avoid.
 Additional recommended reading:
 How many supplements are too many for dogs and which ones to give
 © Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
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 Items referenced in this article.
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text:
The current study examined the lingual kinematic and acoustic effects of bite blocks on vowels in a sentence context. Twenty adult native English speakers (10 male, 10 female) with no speech, language, or hearing deficits participated in the study. The corner vowels found in the sentence, The blue spot is on the black key again (i.e., /u/, /É'/, /Ã¦/, /i/), were measured kinematically and acoustically immediately before and after bite block insertion. The participants' speech was audio-recorded and their lingual articulatory movements were measured with a Northern Digital Instruments Wave electromagnetic articulograph. The sensor coils were attached to three different parts on the tongue (back, middle, and front). Acoustic analysis of the vowel formants revealed that the vowel articulation index and vowel space area decreased significantly following bite block insertion. Kinematic analysis of the sensors on the tongue revealed that the kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. Thus, adjustments to the position of the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the bite block perturbation, while the same measures for the back and middle of the tongue were significantly affected. This was likely due to the relative independence in the movement of the front of the tongue, given its distance from the posterior point of attachment between the tongue and mandible. These findings suggest that the effects of articulatory perturbation can be more fully understood when kinematic and acoustic measures are considered together.
College and Department
David O. McKay School of Education; Communication Disorders
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Low, Tanner Keith, "Kinematic and Acoustic Vowel Changes in Adult Bite Block Speech" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 7495.
kinematics, acoustics, bite block, perturbation, compensation, vowels

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


From Age of Sigmar - Lexicanum
Jump to: navigation, search
Lykerna, the City of Light, is a city of Tyrion's worshippers in the Realm of Light hidden within mountains and its light concealed from the nearby plains. The city was a sanctuary throughout the Age of Chaos protected by magical maze that nobody but the native-born of this city could traverse. The people of this city believe that the blind are blessed to share the burden of Tyrion.[1]
The khornate lord Graunos, a lost son of Lykerna, led his warband into the city in order to get revenge for his blindness being considered a blessing, rather than acknowledging his plight.[1]


text:
This map shows how the south east part of Sherington might have looked c.1300. It is not an actual old map, but a reconstruction by Professor Chibnall originally published as Map 3 in his book "Sherington: Fiefs and Fields of a Buckinghamshire Village".
The distribution of land is given in the following tables: Open Fields - Demesne. This information is taken from Tables 49/50/51 and 47/48 of Chibnall's book, respectively. Note that there are a number of detailed discrepancies between the information on the map and that given in the tables.
Complete map of Sherington.
In 1580, farming followed a 3-year cycle. The arable land was therefore divided into three fields: Marehill Field, Middle Field and Windmill Field. The division is shown on the Field map

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Honors - Aetolia Online Help
4.8 Honors
By typing VIEW HONOURS you may see some publically available
information about that player. This information should be considered
generally known enough as to be common knowledge.
 VIEW HONOURS
 HONOURS
A typical honours would be as follows:
Lady Asteria, Watcher of the Heavens.
She is 140 years old, having been born on the 6th of Severin, year 89 of
the Midnight Age.
She is ranked 413th in Aetolia.
She is a Vagabond in the Fellowship of Explorers.
She is a member of the clan called 'The Ohmsford Clan'.
She has written a personal background.
She is considered to be approximately 50% of your might.
The first line shows the person's name and title. The second shows her
age, as well as the date that she was born. Next comes her overall rank
in Aetolia. This is based solely on the amount of experience she has
gained, and a full list of the experience rankings can be seen in
RANKINGS (or RANKINGS [#]).
Then is her rank in the Fellowship of Explorers. This is a measure of
how much of Aetolia she has explored - when you compare to HELP
EXPLORERS, she hasn't explored very much at all!
Afterwards come any clans she has joined, or that she might be in
possesion of, that are available to public view. She appears to be in a
family clan and nothing more, though there may be hidden ones!
The next line shows that she has written a background. If she were a
real character, you could VIEW BACKGROUND ASTERIA to try to read it.
After that is an approximation of her might compared to your own. This
is based solely on how many lessons both you and she have spent learning
your skills. Someone who is 0% your might has probably learned very
little, and someone who is 3000% your might obviously has spent a lot of
time on their backside learning.
You will find other information when using the command, but these are
the most common ones.


On the official webcast of SpaceX's Iridium-4 mission a "throttle down and throttle back up of the Falcon 9 first stage engines" is mentioned. Why would one throttle down at a crucial time during steep ascent, way before MECO? Is it to weaken the effect of max Q?
 - 9
 $\begingroup$ For those that aren't regulars on Space.SE, MECO - Main Engine Cut Off, Max Q - Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure. $\endgroup$ – JPhi1618 Jan 3 '18 at 15:40
Yes, exactly that. The engines are throttled up to the highest extent possible during all phases of flight to reduce gravity losses; but must be throttled down during at least two points during flight:
 1. When Falcon passes through Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure (Max-Q) which is a combination of atmospheric density and velocity that puts the greatest strain on the vehicle. This effect is more prominent during Dragon launches due to the frontal shape of Dragon.
 2. As Falcon nears MECO to limit acceleration on the payload, if necessary.
These two flight aspects can be seen very clearly in this exceptionally detailed graph produced by /u/veebay on r/spacex:
enter image description here
The graph on the right hand side shows a reduction in net acceleration for Dragon missions around Max-Q, along with a tailoff in net acceleration just before booster cutoff.
 - 6
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to throttle down during Max-Q. You could also build a stronger rocket. But you don't want to lift a stronger (and thus heavier) rocket for the entire 2 minutes just because you need strength for literally a couple of seconds, and that's why you opt to throttle down. $\endgroup$ – Jörg W Mittag Jan 3 '18 at 20:19
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Anything's true if you put it in the right context. Technically you could build a stronger payload too and not need to throttle down prior to MECO, also. But, alas, we live in reality and have technical, physical, and structural constraints, so Falcon does have to throttle down :) $\endgroup$ – ReactingToAngularVues Jan 3 '18 at 21:29
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to do either. You simply have to reduce atmospheric density to reduce the stress incurred during Max-Q. Oh, sorry, thought this was World Building SE. $\endgroup$ – corsiKa Jan 4 '18 at 1:33
 - $\begingroup$ /u/veebay made several more interesting graphs. Worth studying! $\endgroup$ – asdfex Apr 3 '18 at 18:12
Your Answer


Employment Opportunity Details
Seminary Summary
Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary is a denominationally owned and operated religious, nonprofit, educational institution organized for the purpose of educating Christian leaders for church-related vocations. As a religious nonprofit employer, the Seminary is exempt from the religious nondiscrimination requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This means the Seminary is not obligated to employ persons of faith in opposition to Christian doctrine and belief. The Seminary endeavors to recruit and hire only applicants who have made a personal commitment to Jesus Christ.
How to Apply
You may request an employment application from the Human Resources department _PHONE_) or you may download the Employment Application.
Job Details
Title Pre-School Assistant Teacher - Substitute
Campus: Northern California
Mill Valley, CA
Department: Business Affairs
Reports To: Lead Teacher
FLSA Status: ne
Position Status: temp
Position Summary: The assistant teacher is a substitute position that works some part time hours and is on call. They are responsible for the cleanliness, safety and overall maintenance in the classroom. The assistant teacher is supervised by the lead teacher
Essential Duties and Responsibilities: Responsibility to Vision:
? Promote fundraisers
? Attend all school functions outside of regular school hours
? Promote positive relationships with co-workers, supervisors, parents and students
? Promote positive and edifying conversations with and concerning all persons related to the school
? Support mission statement of the school
? Demonstrate Christian walk and prayer
Responsibility to Finance:
? Communicate to the lead teacher any purchasing needs
Responsibility to Policy:
? Enforce classroom/ school policies stated in the parent handbook and policy manual
? Follow all policies stated in the staff handbook
? Refer parent concerns and discipline concerns to the lead teacher
Responsibility to Director:
? Provide professional and personal goals the first of every month
? Provide on Bible lesson plan per year for observation and evaluation
? Attend the Association of Christian Schools International conference each fall semester
? Good stewardship of your time
? Keep the school safe, clean and beautiful
? Direct complaints, observations or outstanding problems to the Director
Responsibility to Lead Teacher:
? Punctuality
? Preparing morning and afternoon snack
? Spraying and wiping down chairs, tables and counter tops
? Feeding and cleaning animal cages
? Cleaning restroom at assigned times
? Performing tasks for assigned jobs at appropriate times
? Maintain classroom control when lead teacher is talking with parents
? Report any injuries or student concerns
? Give parent messages to lead teacher
? Maintain classroom safety on a daily basis (covered plugs, disinfectant out of reach, no heavy objects stored over students' heads, teacher personal items stored out of reach, teacher classroom supplies stored out of reach)
? Support lead teacher in promoting the classroom environment the curricular direction of GGA
Responsibility to Parents:
? Support teacher/ parent communication
? Greet families at drop-off/ pick-up times
? Provide positive feedback
? Participate in all school events
Responsibility to Students:
? Plan and implement a Bible lesson daily
? Maintain a safe and healthy classroom environment
? Assist students in academic tasks
? Provide age appropriate discipline
? Problem solve
? Maintain stocked first aid kits and earthquake/ disaster plans
Education: Completed Bachelors Degree and at least 6 ECE credits; early childhood certification or ability to obtain certification.
Work Environment: Moderately noisy environment.
How to Apply


text:
how it is
Definition of how it is
: the state of the situation And that's how it is.
Word by Word Definitions
: in what manner or way
: for what reason : why
: with what meaning : to what effect
: the way or manner in which
: the state or condition in which
: a question about manner or method
: manner, method
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up how it is? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


The Bower & Collier Family History
Research by Colin Bower
Silk Weavers named Collier
Article in Cockney Ancestor Winter 2007
The following article, written by Doreen Furby, appeared in the Winter 2007 edition of Cockney Ancestor, the journal of the East of London FHS.
"Furby – a French Connection?
By Doreen Furby, member 2569
In all my exchanges of information with researchers of the FURBY family descended from John Furby, painter and glazier of Shoreditch, born 1797, and his wife Sarah, every one has mentioned a "French Connection", but not until 2006 was I able to prove that it existed, if only for one line of Furbys so far.
In October 1949, a Miss Grace Evelyn Priscilla FURBY, born 1890 in West Ham wrote to my father-in-law, Charles Alfred FURBY, born 1900 in Islington, whose family business as painters, glaziers, plumbers and general builders had been continuous in the Hackney and Islington areas from the early 1800s and was based in de Beauvoir Town until the late 1960s. Grace wrote to Charlie because she was researching on behalf of "a supposed relative of British descent", Monsieur Charles E L FURBY, born in Edinburgh in 1891, a lawyer, who practised in Paris. He believed that his Furby ancestors had settled in France several centuries earlier. Grace had found a French Furby line in Nîmes, where four Furbys, including Charles' 3 x gtgrandfather Antoine, his brother Jean and two sisters died in 1793, and in Aix. Charles grandfather, François Eugène Alcide Furby, born in 1828 and a Royalist sympathiser, fled to Edinburgh in about 1852 at the time of the second republic, but later returned to France. Charles' father remained in Scotland, where his children were born.
Grace and Charlie quickly established that they were both descended from sons of John Furby, born c.1787 and his wife Sarah, born c.1794, who settled in Shoreditch. They had twelve known children: Charlie was descended from their eldest child, John William Furby, born 1812, Grace from James Samuel Furby, born 1823. Grace spoke of several versions of the French links story, including a possible Huguenot connection who she thought were "French Protestants who settled in Canterbury" but found no evidence to support it. Her father, George Frederick Furby, born 1859 to James Samuel Furby and Ann Maria THWAITES, talked of many craftsmen in the family. Charlie Furby's version of the French Connection was that there were two brothers, velvet weavers, who had fled from France and settled in Whitechapel. The correspondence ended in 1960, with no positive outcome of Grace's painstaking research. I took up the challenge in 1985.
In the 1841 census I found both James Samuel Furby and his wife Ann were weavers; as was John William's wife, Elizabeth COLLIER, born in Spitalfields in 1806. Elizabeth's father Thomas Collier was a silk weaver, born 1779, who married Mary KEMP in Christ Church, Spitalfields, in1802. Thomas' father, William Collier, born c., born 1747 was a fringe, ferrit and velvet ribbon maker; John William's sister, Sarah Rebecca FAUTLEY, born 1815, was a silk weaver, and so it goes on.
So where was the French connection?
I looked at Mary KEMP's family and there it was! Mary KEMP, one of sixteen children born to John KEMP, born c. 1742, a gardener, later poulterer, of Brick Lane, who married Ann GAUCHERON, born 1752, in St Dunstan, Stepney on 3rd October 1770. Ann's father Louis, born in London in 1718, a member of the Huguenot congregation of the Wheeler Street chapel, died in La Providence, the Huguenot charitable foundation. Louis' father, Pierre, had come from France as a child. The first known Gaucheron refugee, another Louis, had arrived in England in 1681: he was a weaver.
The history of the GAUCHERONS, KEMPS and COLIERS is now being researched by a network of descendants. Not only did they have large families, but somehow most of their children survived. It is no longer a surname in our lines, so far as we know, but is still found as a second given name in several branches of the family.
A "Gathering of Gaucherons, Kemps and Colliers" has been fixed for Saturday, 20th October in Bishopsgate, to "meet the family". If you are descended from any of these lines, please write or email for details:
Doreen Furby"
Colin Bower
31 October 2014
Links to:
Silk Weavers named Collier - Introduction & Index
Silk Weavers named Collier - The Story So Far
Collier Family - Progress to Date
Made with CityDesk


text:
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
Tip:The current object definition is the definition of the object that has been most recently defined or considered during the current session. To make an object definition the current definition, use a CONSIDER statement.
The text of the description you want to assign to the definition. When text is omitted, any existing description for the current definition is deleted.
You can create a multiline description by using a hyphen as a continuation character. However, you cannot create a description with an initial blank line with an LD statement.
Example 10-13 Adding a Description to the Definition of a Variable
This example changes the description associated with the variable
units. First, execute the CONSIDER statement to make
units the current definition. Then use a LD statement to assign a new description. The
units variable has the following definition.
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments
CONSIDER units ld Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division DESCRIBE units
produce the following definition for
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division


Understanding Horizontal Cantilever Gate Trusses
What is a horizontal cantilever gate truss? It is a single plane truss very similar to a building truss. Relative to cantilever gates, it is a rigid frame made from smaller tubing. It may be integrated into the gate frame at time of fabrication or it can be a standalone truss with a complete frame that can be mechanically fastened to the gate in the field.
The illustrations below demonstrate a truss system that is integrated into the gate fabrication. If you review the 35'+ truss, it may be viewed as both a truss integrated into the gate or a standalone.
Why would you use a standalone truss?
 - The most practical reason would be for ease of transportation. More than likely, these trusses are used because it was not considered necessary initially at the time of fabrication or the gate was originally manual and ended up becoming automated.
When would you use a horizontal truss?
 - A cantilever gate requires a truss when it reaches in excess of 24' opening and is automated. Please refer to the lengths shown below in the illustrations.
Is a horizontal truss the best solution?
 - No. If a gate is to be automated and reaches the lengths below, the best application is a double track aluminum cantilever gate. These gates effectively deal with the wind load with their widened profile and the combination of the double tracks.
What is the biggest concern with a horizontal truss?
 - These trusses are not supported by ASTM 2200 as they protrude out too far from the gate frame, posing a hazard to pedestrians. Please note that none of the illustrations below show a blunt end to the truss. All are designed with an eased-sloped end so that it may cause less harm if it comes in contact with others.
Need a better solution for existing gates that won't provide for a horizontal truss? American Fence Company has your solution. Please refer to the illustration below with the opposing cable truss design. This is a cable truss system that has a very thin profile. A tube is attached to both sides of the gate at the midpoint that horizontally runs the length of the gate. The tube is a carrier for the cable. A cable is installed in each tube with the cable anchored on one end and anchored on the other end with a turnbuckle-style tightener. The cables are tensioned equally, creating an opposing force against one another. As these forces build, the gate will gain rigidity. This is very similar to the concept in post tensioned concrete. This is an exclusive American Fence Company design.
Comprehensive drawing of a cantilever gate that is utilizing trusses American Fence Company official drawings of cantilever gate trusses and how they work
Leave a reply


text:
In the ordinary course of statutory interpretation researchers can usually rely on the plain meaning of the text in hand to identify the statute's intent. However, there are times when the text of a statute can be complicated and/or ambiguous. In that case, the legislative history of a statute can be relevant in determining the legislature's intent at enactment. The types of documents generated during the legislative process can include, inter alia, alternative bills, committee reports, committee hearings, committee prints, and debates. Locating those materials can be very time consuming – unless they have been previously compiled and published. A compiled legislative history, therefore, can save the researcher an enormous amount of time by pulling all the relevant materials together.
This research guide lists compiled legislative histories held by the Chastek Library in print form (check the Other Sources tab for microform and electronic compiled legislative histories).
Chastek Library, Gonzaga University School of Law | 721 N. Cincinnati St. Spokane, WA 99220-3528 | _PHONE_


Business encyclopedia
Learn everything there is to know about running a business
What is Liquidation?
Liquidation generally refers to the process of selling off a company's inventory, typically at a big discount, to generate cash. In most cases, a liquidation sale is a precursor to a business closing. Once all the assets have been sold, the business is shut down.
In the accounting world, liquidation refers to the process of selling all of a company's assets to generate cash to pay off creditors, or anyone the company owes money to.
What Are Assets?
Assets aren't just inventory, however. Other business assets that could be liquidated include:
 - Stores fixtures
 - Décor and decorations
 - Tools
 - Furniture
 - Machinery
 - Office equipment
 - Packing supplies
 - Vehicles
 - Art and other wall hangings
 - Window treatments and rugs
Liquidation sales often occur as part of a bankruptcy filing, but not necessarily. A business could liquidate most or all of its inventory as part of a move to a new location, thereby saving money on having to transport all of it to a new storefront. The biggest downside of inventory liquidation is that, in many cases, the timetable for liquidating assets is short, so the discounts are steep and the cash earned is much lower than the retail value.
Paying Off Creditors
When a company's assets are liquidated, or converted to cash, the cash is then used to pay off creditors. But there are different classes of creditors that determine in what order they are paid.
The three major classes are:
 - Secured – a secured creditor has a lien against the business, or a commitment of assets to repay whatever was borrowed. For example, when a company leases a car, the lender has a lien against the car, so if the business stops paying, the company can take back the car.
 - Unsecured – unsecured creditors, such as credit card companies, do not have a lien, or a security interest, in any of the assets, so they are repaid after the secured creditors have been paid.
 - Stakeholders – stakeholders are people or organizations that have a vested interest in the success of the business, but no formal claim on the assets. Employees would be considered stakeholders.
As cash is generated from the liquidation sale, creditors are paid in that order.
Liquidation Specialists
If a company needs to liquidate its assets quickly, there are businesses that specialize in liquidation. These businesses may buy a company's entire inventory, or assets, and then sell them to other retailers.
Some liquidators are retailers, too, such as Big Lots, Tuesday Morning, and Ollie's. These companies buy leftover inventory for a fraction of their retail value and then resell the goods in their own stores, generally for less than the full retail value, but more than they paid for them.
You may also be interested in:


text:
Development of keeled flowers
A study using scanning electron microscopy has revealed that the keeled petals of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae are fundamentally different.
25 Mar 2011
Scanning electron micrographs of dissected floral buds of Polygala violacea (left) and P. gomesiana (right) (Image: M. Angélica Bello Gutierrez).
In keeled flowers, one of the petals (or two fused petals) forms a complex hooded structure that encloses the reproductive organs. The keel can facilitate pollen presentation in cases where pollen is deposited on it.
Keeled flowers are highly characteristic of some Leguminosae and Polygalaceae, two of the four families that comprise the rosid eudicot order Fabales. Research on floral development at Kew and Reading University, conducted by former Kew PhD student Angélica Bello, shows that the characteristic crest that occurs on the keel of some Polygalaceae develops relatively late in floral ontogeny.
Despite some ontogenetic similarities, the morphologies of the two types of keeled flowers are fundamentally different, suggesting a functional convergence between these two closely related families.
Item from Dr Paula Rudall (Head of Micromorphology, RBG Kew)
Originally published in Kew Scientist, issue 38
Bello M.A., Hawkins J.A. & Rudall, P.J. (2010). Floral ontogeny in Polygalaceae and its bearing on the origin of keeled flowers in Fabales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 171: 482–498.
Scientific Research and Data
- Kew Science Project – Floral Evolution
- Kew Science Project – Monocot Floral Evolution
- Kew Science Project – Floral Evolution in Lamiales
Help Kew break new ground and inspire new generations
By making a donation to Kew today you can help our scientists to find out more about the fascinating world of plants, break new ground and inspire generations of young people to get to know plants better.
Our scientific programmes are focused on understanding plants and conserving the world's plant life and habitats at risk. Plants are essential to life on earth. In a world where the sustainability of the planet's rich biodiversity is becoming less certain, Kew's science work is ever more critical. Find out how your donation can make a difference.
Browse Kew news
- In the Gardens
- Science and conservation
- How you are helping
- Specialist science
- Kew blogs
- All Kew news
Keep up to date with events and news from Kew
- around the world
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Follow Kew on Twitter
Unable to parse the data in the RSS file.


Only a minority of biobanks have a publicly available access policy
A recent study has found that only around 9% of biobanks have a publicly available access policy.
Given that most biobanks are funded by the public, there is an expectation that the samples they contain are made available for external research purposes that could ultimately have a social benefit. But for this to happen, clear access policies need to govern the conditions under which samples can be used for external purposes. Biomedical samples are finite resources that can be used up, so their use should be reserved for investigations that are based on correct science, have robust methodologies and are ethically sound. However, a lack of clear access policies does not only affect researchers– it can also reduce public trust in biobanks, funding and willingness to donate samples.
Out of 523 biobanks that were analysed, only 48 of these had an access policy that was publicly available online. However, the criteria within these policies contained many recurring themes that could be broadly grouped under three headings:
 - Scientific quality (e.g. peer review, sound methods)
 - Value (e.g. potential impact on public health)
 - Ethical soundness (e.g. data protection)
Together, these 62 criteria form a comprehensive checklist that could be used as a template which individual biobanks could tailor to their specific purposes. The authors suggest that this could be encouraged by research infrastructures such as Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI) to require biobanks to have an access policy in place before they can be listed on their registers or receive funding.
Most of these access criteria however, are binary (yes/no) categories and few policies include any means of prioritising between different requests for the same sample/s. There is a clear need for criteria that allow a ranking system which ensures that biobank samples are used in the way which makes best use of their scientific and social value – rather than 'first come, first served'.
Biobanks are viewed as 'custodians' or 'stewards' of biological material of potential immense social value – but this is difficult to justify if the public cannot tell what criteria govern how their samples are used.
From the Study: Access policies in biobank research: what criteria do they include and how publicly available are they? A cross-sectional study.
What is your policy system? Do you think you could do better? What should we be doing to help? Get in touch to let us know what you think.
By Caroline Woods on behalf of the UKCRC TDCC


text:
In the 3D coordinate system, lines can be described using vector equations or parametric equations. Lines in 3D have equations similar to lines in 2D, and can be found given two points on the line. In order to understand lines in 3D, one should understand how to parameterize a line in 2D and write the vector equation of a line. Perpendicular, parallel and skew lines are important cases that arise from lines in 3D.
One of the great things about the vector equation of a line is that the same equation applies in 2 dimensions as in 3 dimensions so that's our goal today is to come up with equations for lines and 3 dimensions. 3 dimensions as a vector equation is the same as in 2D here is a picture of a line in 3D all we need to know is the position vector of 1 point on the line and a direction vector that indicates the direction of the line and then the equation for the line will be r vector r equals r0 plus some constant times v the direction vector. So all we need is one position vector and a direction vector and we can get the equation of a line.
Let's see an example, find the vector and parametric equations of the line through point a 2, 3, 1 and b 5, 4, 6 and I've drawn the line here. I have to define a point p this is just going to be a random point on the line and this will give me my r my vector r and I'm going to make this vector r0 you can actually go with either a or b but I'm going to go with point a. So point a is going to give me my r0, so remember the equations r equals r0 plus t times v. So I need to come up with the components for all of these vectors, now vector r is going to have components the same as the coordinates of this point x, y and z and r0 will have components the same as point a. So r0 is 2, 3, 1 but we need a direction vector, so what I'm going to do is I'm going to define vector ab as the direction vector so it's nice to have that second point you really need it.
And so v is going to be 5-2 3, 4-3 1, and 6-1 5 that's our direction vector, and then our equation becomes x, y, z equals and r0 was 2, 3, 1 plus t times the direction vector 3, 1, 5. This is the vector equation for our line, now what the parametric equations? Well remember just like in 2 dimensions you can find the parametric equations by isolating each component. So for example, so these are the parametric equations, x=2+3 times t, y=3+1 times t and z=1+5 times t and that's it. These are the parametric equations they come right out of the vector equation. So when you're asked to find both the vector equation and the parametric equation it's really not that much harder just to go ahead and write the parametric equations down. So that's it, if you know 2 points on a line you can have with the vector n parametric equations of the line.


text: In this example for the PreonVM the 4 LEDs on the Preon32 Shuttle are controlled with different frequencies. As period duration a time of 1000ms is used. Depending on the colour, the LEDs are switched on and off with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00 of the period duration. The example shows how different time behaviour can be implemented in parallel. Due to the internal hardware-based counters in the microcontroller, the set times in the range of milliseconds are reached very precisely. In addition to the 4 threads for controlling the LEDs, the main program is in sleep mode, which it briefly leaves every 1000ms.


text:
Environmental Justice in Maryland
The mission of the Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), in part, encourages fostering economic development, healthy and safe communities, and quality environmental education for the benefit of the environment, public health, and economy. Embraced in this mission is an encouragement to foster these opportunities in all communities. Environmental Justice (E.J.) at MDE parallels the agency's mission and emphasizes quality of life, economic development, and environmental protection improvements in all communities, particularly those that are disenfranchised and far removed in decision-making. The E.J. policies at MDE are working to improve the quality of life in communities through a vision of partnerships and collaborations.
A primary goal of the policy is to develop an environmental justice tool kit that offers strategies that can integrate the goals of all concerned parties to resolve concerns and assist in revitalization efforts through approaches that are aimed at protecting and restoring our environment, as well as stimulating economic growth and safe, healthy communities. Other key components of the E.J. efforts at MDE include initiating collaborations among government, public and private stakeholders; developing new platforms for public participation, community and business participation; and, creating new and innovative ideas to assist in land and community revitalization.
Useful Link: Permit Application Database Search
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text:
If you own a Volkswagen, you may have experienced the unsettling feeling of the EPC light coming on and your car shaking. The EPC light, which stands for "Electronic Power Control," is a warning light that indicates a problem with your vehicle's engine management system.
When the EPC light comes on, you may also notice your car shaking or vibrating while driving. This can be a cause for concern, as it can compromise your vehicle's and its passengers' safety.
In this guide, we'll explore the causes, signs and symptoms, and repair options for Volkswagen EPC light and car shaking issues.
So, let's dive in and learn more about this common issue that Volkswagen owners may encounter.
What is the EPC Light?
The EPC Light, or Electronic Power Control Light, is an indicator light that can appear on the dashboard of Volkswagen vehicles. It's designed to alert the driver that there's a problem with the engine's electronic control module (ECM) and related systems.
The ECM is responsible for regulating many important functions of your vehicle, such as fuel injection, ignition timing, and throttle control. If there's an issue with any of these systems, the EPC Light may illuminate to let you know that there's a problem that needs to be addressed.
Causes of Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking
Here are some potential causes of Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking:
1. Faulty Throttle Body or Sensor
The throttle body controls the amount of air that flows into the engine. If the throttle body or its sensors are faulty, it can cause issues with the engine's airflow and result in the car shaking and loss of power.
2. Vacuum Leaks
The engine relies on a vacuum system to operate certain components, such as the power brakes and the HVAC system. If there is a vacuum leak in the system, it can cause car shaking and also trigger the EPC light.
3. Fuel System Issues
A clogged fuel filter, a malfunctioning fuel pump, or a faulty fuel injector can all cause issues with the engine's fuel delivery, resulting in the car shaking and potentially triggering the EPC light.
4. Ignition Coil Problems
The ignition coil provides the spark that ignites the fuel in the engine. If the ignition coil is faulty, it can cause misfires and result in the car shaking and a loss of power.
5. Engine Misfires
Misfires occur when the fuel in the engine fails to ignite properly. This can be caused by a variety of issues, including a faulty ignition system, worn spark plugs, or a dirty fuel system. Misfires can cause car shaking and trigger the EPC light.
6. Transmission Issues
Transmission problems, such as slipping or shifting issues, can cause car shaking and also trigger the EPC light.
7. Other Potential Causes
Other potential causes of Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking issues can include problems with the engine sensors, the catalytic converter, or the engine control module.
Signs and Symptoms of Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking
1. EPC Light
The most obvious sign that there is an issue with your Volkswagen is when the EPC light comes on. This light is typically located on the dashboard and will illuminate when there is a problem with the engine management system. When the EPC light comes on, it's important to have your vehicle inspected as soon as possible to prevent any further damage.
2. Car Shaking or Vibrating
If you notice that your Volkswagen is shaking or vibrating while driving, it may be a sign of engine misfires or transmission issues. These issues can cause a loss of power and reduced performance, making it more difficult to drive your vehicle safely.
3. Reduced Power
If you notice a significant reduction in power when driving your Volkswagen, it may be a sign that the engine is not operating at full capacity. This can be caused by a variety of issues, including faulty sensors or engine misfires.
4. Engine Stalling
In some cases, the engine may stall or shut off completely when there is an issue with the EPC system. This can be particularly dangerous if it happens while driving at high speeds or in heavy traffic.
5. Warning Messages
Depending on the severity of the issue, your Volkswagen may display additional warning messages on the dashboard or through the infotainment system. These messages may include "Reduced Engine Power" or "Check Engine."
Fixing the Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking
1. Throttle Body Cleaning or Replacement
If the issue concerns a faulty throttle body or sensor, cleaning or replacing the throttle body may solve the problem. This can be done by a professional mechanic and should be performed as soon as possible to prevent further engine damage.
2. Vacuum System Inspection and Repair
If there is a vacuum leak in the system, a professional mechanic can inspect and repair any damaged hoses or components to ensure proper vacuum operation. This can help prevent future EPC light and car shaking issues.
3. Fuel System Inspection and Repair
If the issue is related to the fuel system, a professional mechanic can perform a fuel system inspection and repair any faulty components, such as a clogged fuel filter or a malfunctioning fuel pump. This can help ensure proper fuel delivery to the engine and prevent further damage.
4. Ignition System Inspection and Repair
If the issue is related to the ignition system, a professional mechanic can inspect and repair any faulty components, such as the ignition coil or spark plugs. This can help prevent engine misfires and ensure proper engine operation.
5. Transmission Inspection and Repair
If the issue is related to the transmission, a professional mechanic can perform a transmission inspection and repair any faulty components, such as slipping or worn gears. This can help prevent further transmission damage and ensure proper transmission operation.
Prevention of Volkswagen EPC Light and Car Shaking
1. Regular Maintenance
Regular vehicle maintenance is key to preventing issues with the EPC system and car shaking. Follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule and have your vehicle inspected by a professional mechanic at least once a year.
2. Quality Fuel
Use high-quality fuel and keep your gas tank above a quarter tank to ensure proper fuel delivery to the engine. Low-quality fuel or a low fuel level can lead to engine misfires and other issues.
3. Clean Air Filters
Replace your air filters at least once a year to ensure proper airflow to the engine. Dirty air filters can lead to reduced engine performance and other issues.
4. Proper Driving Habits
Avoid harsh driving habits, such as sudden acceleration or hard braking, as this can put unnecessary stress on the engine and other components. Additionally, avoid overloading the vehicle, as this can put extra stress on the engine and transmission.
5. Address Issues Promptly
If you notice any signs or symptoms of an issue with your Volkswagen, such as the EPC light or car shaking, have your vehicle inspected by a professional mechanic as soon as possible. Ignoring the issue can lead to further damage and potentially dangerous driving conditions.
When experiencing the EPC Light and car shaking issue with your Volkswagen, it's crucial to take it seriously and have it diagnosed and repaired promptly.
Ignoring the issue could lead to further problems down the road. If you're not comfortable diagnosing or repairing the issue yourself, don't hesitate to seek out the help of a professional mechanic who has experience with Volkswagen vehicles.
With the right care and attention, you can keep your Volkswagen running smoothly for years to come.


text:
Style of improvised theater in which short and typically unrelated scenes are played. As opposed to Long Form, Short Form Improv is often more gimmickey and more based on silly games or handles, and less based on solid narrative and characters.
Both styles of Improv (long form and short form) have their zealots. There should be no discussion about which is best - both can be fun, both can be rewarding, and preference is based on personal likes or dislikes.
When you dig yourself into a hole, at least you'll know how deep it is --- Robin Selfridge


text:
- Research Areas
- Student Opportunities
Warning backcountry recreationists about the risks from snow avalanches is a particularly challenging communication task due to the complexity of the phenomenon, the voluntary and repeated nature of the exposure, the diversity of recreational activities, the range in individual's risk management skills, and the need for self-determined risk management decision-making in an environment with rare corrective feedback. To better understand the effectiveness of daily avalanche bulletins for improving recreationists' safety in the backcountry, a research team conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with an inclusive sample of recreationists to shed light onto how travel decisions are made and how avalanche information is incorporated. The present study combines a qualitative applied thematic analysis with quantitative statistical techniques (topic models, simple correspondence analysis, and multinomial logistic regression) to detect, examine, and classify patterns in recreationists' bulletin use into an Avalanche Bulletin User Typology. The resulting classification system establishes an evidence-based foundation for improving avalanche risk communication that offers actionable recommendations to enhance recreationists' ability to conceptualize and manage avalanche risk with bulletin products.
Click here to access a copy of Anne's thesis.


text:
Definition of cateress
n. - A woman who caters. 2
The word "cateress" uses 8 letters: A C E E R S S T.
Direct anagrams of cateress:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after cateress (in bold), or to aceersst in any order:
i - creasiest sectaries l - traceless n - reascents sarcenets s - actresses t - tesseract u - secateurs
All words formed from cateress by changing one letter
Browse words starting with cateress by next letter


Top Vacuum Technology For Space Simulators
Top Vacuum Technology For Space Simulators
January 18, 2021
by Katy Manning
Each year has brought along with it a long list of space-related achievements including new satellites orbiting the planet and different tech products brought to market. This includes specific projects that have been managed by some of the biggest names in the industry such as SPACE-X. The goal of these companies is to maximize new-age tech and bring the world to a new level.
Keeping this in mind, it has become important to analyze vacuum technology for space simulators.
Here is a look at what this tech is all about and how it works.
What is Vacuum Pressure?
In general, space tends to work with air pressure that begins at 100km above sea level. The air pressure that is seen in this space is cited as 0.27 pa. Certain satellites are set at a low earth orbit that can still handle pressure related to gas. Due to this, the satellites tend to lose their height with each passing day.
Vacuum pressure is focused on atmosphere-related pressure that is around an object. In this case, it would have to do with space simulators.
The pressure that is calculated tends to be measured within PSIV.
Since companies don't want to go headfirst into launching random satellites into space, they take the time to test everything on Earth. To do this, they have to mimic the conditions the satellite is going to be dealing with regularly. This is why vacuum technology plays a role in what is being done.
The goal is to make sure everything is tested down to the last detail before launching the satellite.
Space Simulations
The vacuum chamber is set up when it is time to go through a series of space simulations. This means the vacuum range is set up at 10-07 - 10-06. The test tends to be done in this range while fluctuating through different temperature points. The idea behind changing the temperature is to focus on when the sun is going to be closer and when it is not.
There are times when certain vacuum chambers are going to be specifically designed to simulate solar wind too. This is done to handle that kind of pressure without breaking down.
The satellite goes through rigorous testing within this pressure to make sure it continues to work the way it is supposed to. In the end, it is not just about surviving, but also making sure the performance of the satellite doesn't diminish.
Vacuum Testing Requirements
To set up the vacuum chamber, the goal is to take out all of the natural air and begin pumping gases into the chamber with the objects around. This tends to interact with water vapor to create a composition that is tweaked to mimic specific pressure.
This is a key detail to think about when it comes to prepping the entire system.
There are specific blower systems that are used to do this and maintain the pressure. This is the only way to ensure the pressure hits a specific point and then remains there as well. This is key when it comes to managing oil-free vacuum systems that are going to keep the satellite running the way it is supposed to under pressure.
It's important to note, these blower systems can be played around with the handle different pressure points. There are times "toughing" is done with the use of dry screw pumps to create additional pressure.
Thermal Shroud
Let's assume the pressure inside the vacuum chamber is perfect and it is time to start testing the satellites. This is great, but the conditions in space are not always going to be constant. This is why scientists take the time to go through each detail including variable temperatures.
A thermal shroud can assist with this and can make sure heat radiation is controlled down to the last detail.
It is also possible to bring the temperature down with the inclusion of specific cold plates. This can be done with the use of larger chambers and liquid nitrogen.
Space simulators are all about testing objects, so making small tweaks such as this can go a long way. This is also a good way to make sure the leaks don't become uncontrollable.
Dealing with a high-grade vacuum is all about maximizing performance and testing the right way. This is where a thermal shroud can help.
Final Thoughts
Space simulators are a must when it comes to seeing what can and can't be done with specific satellites. Having all of this information not only helps right now but also makes it easier to set up advancements that push the space industry forward without taking on major losses.
This equipment is powerful, easy to set up, and offers long-term value that is a must when testing. The tech continues to get better with time and continues to add value to upcoming space projects.
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it and got by on that. The only ruby-specific method there is.chop, so if anybody can see anyway to clean up the code then please feel free to tell me!
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
def get_input(msg)
_TAG_ an integer from user input
printf msg
return gets.to_i
def compare(unum, value)
_TAG_ the values passed - returns 1 if equal, otherwise 0
if unum == value
puts "Well done! You guessed correctly!"
return 1
elsif unum > value
printf "Lower; "
return 0
elsif unum < value
printf "Higher; "
return 0
def comp_choose()
_TAG_ when user wants the computer to choose the number to guess
num = 100*rand
num = num.to_i
puts "I have picked a number between 1 and 100."
unum = get_input("Please enter an integer betwen 1 and 100: ")
end until (unum > 0 && unum < 101)
_TAG_ is 1 only when the guessed value and random value are equal
qflag = compare(unum, num)
end until qflag == 1
def player_choose()
_TAG_ when the user wants the computer to guess the number
unum = get_input("Please enter an integer between 1 and 100: ")
end until (unum > 0 && unum < 101)
_TAG_ and upper limits. third value is the calculated value if correct
limits = [1, 100, 0]
limits = find_num(limits)
_TAG_ (lower_limit - upper_limit) == 1 then they are cheating
if (limits[0] - limits[1]).abs == 1
cflag = 1
_TAG_ there is only one integer between the limits, it must be the answer
elsif (limits[0] - limits[1]).abs == 2
limits[2] = limits[0] + 1
end until limits[2]!= 0
if cflag == 1
puts "You were cheating - there are no integers between #{limits[0]} and #{limits[1]}!"
puts "I found your number - #{limits[2]}!"
def find_num(limits)
cnum = rand(limits[1] -1)
end until cnum > limits[0]
puts "I have thought of a number: #{cnum}"
printf "Should I go (h)igher or (l)ower, or am I (c)orrect? "
ans = gets.chop
end until (ans == "h" || ans == "l" || ans == "c")
if ans == "h"
limits[0] = cnum
return limits
elsif ans == "l"
limits[1] = cnum
return limits
limits[2] = cnum
return limits
def main
puts "Who would you like to pick the number"
printf "\t1) The Computer\n\t2) The User\n"
choice = get_input("Please enter 1 or 2: ")
end until (choice == 1 || choice == 2)
if choice == 1
May 20th, 2007, 02:54 AM
Here is a challenge for people trying to learn Ruby:
Challenge 1 (Easy)
Extend this by having the greeting based on the current time.
I opened the QuickRef once or twice, but here it is:
class GrabInfo
def time_stuff
t = Time.now
_USER_ = t.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")
if t.strftime("%p") == "PM"
if t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 1..5
_USER_ = "Good afternoon"
elsif t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 6..11
_USER_ = "Good evening"
elsif t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 12
_USER_ = "Good afternoon"
elsif t.strftime("%p") == "AM"
if t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 1...4
_USER_ = "You're up late"
_USER_ = "Good morning"
_USER_ = "You're up late"
def name_stuff
puts( "What is your name?" )
_USER_ = gets.strip
def print_it
printed = puts("#{_USER_}, #{_USER_}! It is now #{_USER_}.")
gi = GrabInfo.new
Of course, you can de-Object Orient it, which removes a lot of fluff.
if you want a quick + dirty, so to speak:
name = gets.strip
puts("Hello, #{name}, it is now #{Time.now.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")}.")
But, that's pretty messy.
May 20th, 2007, 11:53 AM
Or even just one line:
puts("Hello, #{gets.strip}, it is now #{Time.now.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")}.")
May 20th, 2007, 03:29 PM
I'd suggest the Programming Ruby (_URL_ book. It's fantastic. Also, Pragmatic Programmer's Rails book is good if you are looking to go onto Rails.
May 26th, 2007, 08:26 PM
I've been dabbling in ruby and rails for the last couple of weeks. Ruby is so simple and so seemingly complex at first - all at the same time..
I've run into a probem with the environment though. I can't get rails to connect to mysql if I use a password. If I remove the password in mysql - rails connects, add a password to the account and to the database.yml file - rails won't connect. For obvious reasons, I want to use a password..
I found some other posters who said that mysql had changed their password mechanism, but that was supposedly in mysql4 and I'm using mysql5 with rails 1.8 (supposedly should use the same mechanism?).
So.. another post said to install mysql through gem - that errored out:
> sudo gem install --include-dependencies mysql
Need to update 9 gems from _URL_
1. mysql 2.7.3 (mswin32)
2. mysql 2.7.1 (mswin32)
3. mysql 2.7 (ruby)
4. mysql 2.6 (ruby)
5. mysql 2.5.1 (ruby)
6. Cancel installation
> 3
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
from extconf.rb:1
ERROR: While executing gem... (RuntimeError)
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
The gem_make.out file is empty, the errors above make no sense to me, and I can't turn up anything useful in google...
Anybody else have this problem?
I'm just a newbie to ruby, but IMO there needs to be an easy way to setup the environment if rails is going to seriously compete with other frameworks. I'm not giving up though...
May 26th, 2007, 08:51 PM
Ah.... found the answer. I needed to install a few more mysql drivers..
sudo apt-get install libdbd-mysql-ruby libdbd-mysql-ruby1.8 libdbd-mysql libdbd-mysql
Still not sure why gem won't install mysql, but whatver. Now I can connect to my databse with a password. I'm happy.:D
May 31st, 2007, 04:42 AM
Ah, hello, people. I have noticed more posts here. I'm still reading tutorials.
June 12th, 2007, 11:14 PM
It all looks really good. I have been thinking about trying to learn Ruby, it seems quite "easy", so to speak..


text: Animal horn or tusk trumpets with mouthpieces drilled into the side are found throughout Africa. Ivory trumpets often symbolize kingly power, and those associated with royal ensembles are decorated with skins, wooden extensions, and beautiful carving. This is true among the Mangbetu of the Democratic Republic of Congo, who fashioned this instrument. Once acquired, the ivory is entrusted to carvers who may take over two months to re-form the tusk and make it playable. Royal instruments are carved in deep relief with ridges and a projecting mouthpiece, seen, in this example, at right of center. Another conspicuous royal motif, appearing at the left, is a canoe-shaped design. Elegant trumpets like this one are used in pairs to accompany dances or signal the entrance and departure of the king. Europeans prized instruments such as this because of their elegant design, and the Mangbetu responded by producing trade instruments that were unfinished and unplayable. The Museum's trumpet, however, is masterfully finished and possesses a booming voice.


text:
Welcome to Anagrammer Crossword Genius! Keep reading below to see if acknowledge is an answer to any crossword puzzle or word game (Scrabble, Words With Friends etc). Scroll down to see all the info we have compiled on acknowledge.
Searching in Crosswords...
The answer ACKNOWLEDGE has 17 possible clue(s) in existing crosswords.
Searching in Word Games...
The word ACKNOWLEDGE is VALID in some board games. Check ACKNOWLEDGE in word games in Scrabble, Words With Friends, see scores, anagrams etc.
Searching in Dictionaries...
Definitions of acknowledge in various dictionaries:
verb - declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of
verb - report the receipt of
verb - express recognition of the presence or existence of, or acquaintance with
Word Research / Anagrams and more...
Keep reading for additional results and analysis below.
|Possible Dictionary Clues|
|Show that one has noticed or recognized (someone) by making a gesture or greeting.|
|Recognize the importance or quality of.|
|Accept or admit the existence or truth of.|
|accept or admit the existence or truth of.|
|recognize the importance or quality of.|
|show that one has noticed or recognized (someone) by making a gesture or greeting.|
|to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something:|
|to let someone know that you have received something that they sent to you:|
|to accept the truth or recognize the existence of something:|
|to tell someone, usually in a letter or email, that you have received something they sent you:|
|Acknowledge might refer to|
|Acknowledge, Acknowledgment, or acknowledgement may refer to:|


text:
Corporate events and team building activities play a crucial role in strengthening workplace relationships, boosting employee morale, and fostering a sense of camaraderie among colleagues. While traditional approaches are effective, incorporating photo booths into such events adds an element of fun and creativity that can truly elevate the experience. In this blog post, we will explore why photo booths are a fantastic addition to corporate events and team building initiatives.
Icebreaker and Engagement:
Photo booths provide an excellent icebreaker for employees who may not interact regularly. These interactive spaces encourage individuals to come together, break down barriers, and create shared memories. By providing an enjoyable and relaxed environment, photo booths facilitate conversation, laughter, and bonding, enabling colleagues to connect on a more personal level.
Enhanced Team Building:
Team building activities are designed to strengthen relationships and promote collaboration within the workplace. Photo booths contribute to this objective by encouraging teams to work together, coordinate poses, and showcase their creativity. As employees step into the booth, they let go of inhibitions, embrace their playful side, and generate a sense of unity among teammates. This shared experience helps foster team spirit and a positive work environment.
Branding and Promotion:
Corporate events often present an opportunity to showcase a company's brand and values. Photo booths can be customized with branding elements such as logos, slogans, and color schemes. By incorporating these elements, companies can create a memorable and immersive brand experience for employees and event attendees. Additionally, the photos captured in the booth can be easily shared on social media platforms, amplifying brand exposure and generating excitement among a wider audience.
Photo booth prints serve as tangible and cherished souvenirs for participants. Employees can take home personalized mementos, reminding them of the enjoyable experiences shared during the event. These physical reminders not only evoke positive emotions but also strengthen the sense of belonging and pride within the organization. Additionally, digital copies of the photos can be shared online, further extending the reach and impact of the event.
Boosting Employee Morale:
Engaged and motivated employees are the backbone of any successful organization. By incorporating photo booths into corporate events, companies demonstrate their commitment to employee well-being and foster a positive work culture. The inclusion of such enjoyable and interactive activities uplifts spirits, encourages creativity, and provides a break from the routine, resulting in increased job satisfaction and improved employee morale.
Photo booths have emerged as an innovative and popular addition to corporate events and team building activities. Their ability to break the ice, enhance team bonding, promote branding, and create lasting memories make them a valuable asset in any workplace setting. By incorporating photo booths into corporate events, companies can create a lively and engaging atmosphere that fosters camaraderie, boosts morale, and strengthens relationships among employees. So, the next time you plan a corporate event or team building initiative, consider adding a photo booth to capture the joy, laughter, and spirit of togetherness that defines your organization.


text:
Method of Joints | Analysis of Simple Trusses
Method of Joints
The free-body diagram of any joint is a concurrent force system in which the summation of moment will be of no help. Recall that only two equilibrium equations can be written
This means that to solve completely for the forces acting on a joint, we must select a joint with no more than two unknown forces involved. This can be started by selecting a joint acted on by only two members. We can assume any unknown member to be either tension or compression. If negative value is obtained, this means that the force is opposite in action to that of the assumed direction. Once the forces in one joint are determined, their effects on adjacent joints are known. We then continue solving on successive joints until all members have been found.


text:
March 22, 2022
MachineWorks Ltd, supplier of software components to the engineering industry, has released MachineWorks 8.4.
Headline enhancements include:
- computation of safe holder profiles;
- multiple simultaneous holder and tool collision checks;
- improved simulation performance through collision check buffering;
- extensions to design part comparison Render Query;
- enhanced analysis of intersect solids for bending simulation;
- new sectioned stock view;
- application-defined swept volumes; and
- computation of safe holder profiles.
Using this new method applications can determine the maximum safe profile that can be used to machine a particular toolpath without collisions. The resulting holder profile can be compared with available holders in a tool library, allowing the end user to choose a holder they know will not cause collisions during the cutting process, the company reports.
Multiple Tool Collision Checks
A new function has been added to compute multiple simultaneous collision checks between tools and holders and/or stocks and fixtures, allowing fast determination of safe access limits with a particular holder or combination.
The function is internally multithreaded to provide performance for toolpath generation and optimization algorithms, along with rapid path evaluation for CMM and Metrology inspection plans.
Improved Simulation Performance
This new option allows computation of collision checking to be deferred until required by the host application. This option improves performance for CMM and Metrology inspection applications.
Extensions to Design Part Comparison Analysis
The MachineWorks Render Query APIs have been extended, with respect to analyzing design part or target part comparison results.
The Render Query application programming interfaces (APIs) provide an optimized mechanism to decouple the graphical simulation from the geometric simulation, allowing tight integration of MachineWorks to external graphics environments or use in distributed deployments such as public and private clouds.
- Cut numbers are now available in render query updates.
- New APIs allow the Render Query analysis mesh to be serialised to disk.
- New filters are provided to specify which triangles are delivered by the Render Query update.
- A new API to provide direct export of analysis mesh distance information has been provided.
Enhanced Analysis of Intersect Solids
New API functions have been added to split and recombine the solids of intersection created between the in-process stock and swept-volume during a cutting operation.
Sources: Press materials received from the company and additional information gleaned from the company's website.


text:
Egg binding refers to a common and potentially serious condition where a female bird is unable to pass an egg that may be stuck near the cloaca, or further inside the reproductive tract. Even though egg binding can occur in any female bird, it is most common in smaller birds such as lovebirds, cockatiels, budgies and finches.
The potential of an egg breaking inside the tract is high, which then can result in an infection or damage to internal tissue; and - if left untreated - death.
The bound egg may be gently massaged out; failing this it may become necessary for a vet to break the egg inside and remove it in parts. If broken, the oviduct should be cleaned of shell fragments and egg residue to avoid damage or infection.
Suspected causes for egg binding include:
- Low Calcium Levels or Hypocalcaemia Syndrome associated with low calcium levels in the blood. Supplementing the breeding hen with a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D is an important factor in preventing this problem
- You could provide a dish filled with crushed egg shell (from boiled eggs to kill any bacteria) and/or attach a calcium / mineral block to the cage.
- In areas where access to natural sunlight is limited (such as in the northern hemisphere during the winter months), full spectrum lamps can be used to provide UVA and UVB rays.natrual food source rich in vitimine D Potentially discuss supplementation with your vet. Supplementation needs to be carefully screen ed and supervised by a vet since an excess of vitamin D (in the form of a supplement) causes kidney damage and retards growth.
- Relevant Article:Natural Calcium for Birds - Sources and Absorbability
- Malnutrition caused by seed-only or low-protein diets.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Often the case when birds are kept in enclosures / cages that are too small for them. The lack of exercise causes poorly developed muscles and obesity.
- At particular risk are sick and old Birds.
- Pet birds can also develop this problem, as birds don't need a mate to lay eggs. (Obviously, solitary egg-laying females won't produce fertile eggs.)
Loss of appetite, depression, abdominal straining, and sitting fluffed on the bottom of the cage. Some hens may pass large wet droppings while others may not pass any droppings due to the egg's interfering with normal defecation.
If you suspect that your bird is egg-bound, she should be seen by a vet immediately. The veterinarian may be able to feel the egg in the bird's abdomen. An x-ray may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes medical treatment will enable the hen to pass her egg. Occasionally surgery is necessary.
Complications from being egg bound can be swelling, bleeding or prolapse of the oviduct.
If in doubt as to if the hen is egg bound or not, a few vet sites recommend separation, warmth, warm bath and calcium to all hens in lay that seem distressed.
This is a life-threatening condition and should be addressed by a qualified avian vet. Your vet may discuss:
- Calcium shots - immediate solution to help the egg shell harden allowing the hen to hopefully pass it
- Lupron shots to stop hens from going into breeding condition
- Spaying your hen as a permanent solution
The following are samples of actions that have resolved this problem for some birds (please note: not all hens can be saved, especially if it's critical by the time the problem was discovered and no vet is available or can be reached in time). Egg-bound hens go into profound cardiovascular collapse and may not be able to put in the effort to push the egg out without intervention.
- Suspected egg binding: Keep her in a warm area. Provide supportive care.
- Place the bird into a steamy room, such as bathroom with shower on until the bathroom mirrors and windows steam up. Desired temperature: 85-90 degrees Fahrenheit / Humidity: 60%. Place bird on wet towel. The warmth relaxes the hen so that the vent can dilate more allowing the egg to pass.
- A warm water bath can also be of great help (shallow water, of course, you don't want to drown the hen). This relaxes her muscles and often the hen will pass the egg into the water. Make the water as warm as you would like to take a long soak in.
- Massage the muscles in that area with olive oil. In many cases, this lead to a successful passing of the egg. Note: there is a risk associated with messaging this area. It could cause the egg inside to break - which is life-threatening. Be very careful! If in doubt, it's always best to have the vet take care of it...
- Even if the cause is not hypocalcaemia in this hen's case it will not hurt her to have more calcium.
- Applying a personal lubricant, such as KY jelly to her vent may also be helpful.
- To reduce swelling on her vent, some breeders reported success in applying Preparation H to her vent.
- Successful Passing of the Egg: Following passing of the egg keep the hen in a warm and quiet area separate from the others, until she is out of shock and back to eating and drinking well.
- Prevention: Provide bird with high-calorie, high-calcium food to help strengthen future eggs and prevent egg binding.


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You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for
- Author or Editor: J.D. Obermiller x
A series of experiments was undertaken to compare the performance of an axial fan air blast sprayer equipped with air induction (AI) or conventional (C) nozzles in medium density apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards. Performance was compared by assessing 1) spray coverage within the canopy at four levels of across-row wind speeds, 2) ground deposits from airborne drift under still conditions, and 3) biological efficacy of a postbloom thinning spray and a seasonal "high-risk" fungicide program where thiophanate methyl was not included. Spray coverage was reduced by up to 50% with increasing across-row wind speeds, the most dramatic reductions occurring between 0 and 4 mph and at heights greater than 8 ft in the canopy. AI nozzles resulted in a 2-fold increase in spray coverage in the canopy of trees in the row immediately adjacent to the sprayer compared with C nozzles regardless of across-row wind speed. AI nozzles resulted in significantly less airborne drift compared with C nozzles under still conditions in an open field and within a mature 'Cripps Pink'/ 'M.7' orchard planted in rows 20 ft apart. Sprayer efficiency, measured as the proportion of total spray volume that was intercepted by the tree canopy, was higher for an airblast sprayer fitted with AI nozzles (38%) than for C nozzles (26%). The efficacy of a postbloom thinning spray (100 ppm benzyladenine plus carbaryl at 1 lb/100 gal) applied to 'Morgan Spur Red Delicious'/'M.111' trees planted at a between-row spacing of 15 ft was slightly greater when applied with AI nozzles compared with C nozzles. However, application of a "high-risk" fungicide program with AI nozzles resulted in a higher incidence of fruit with flyspeck (Zygophiala jamaicensis) at harvest compared with C nozzles. These inconsistencies were related to the combined effects of nozzle type, orchard row spacing, and canopy density on spray deposition on trees in the second row from the sprayer or to possible effects of nozzle type on droplet density on the target. AI nozzles should provide equivalent or possibly improved coverage and biological efficacy compared with C nozzles in well-managed orchards planted at distances of 18 ft or less between rows. However, when orchard rows are spaced greater than 18 ft apart, AI nozzles will result in reduced spray coverage and chemical efficacy compared with C nozzles because of a reduction in spray carry-over to adjacent rows as a result of reduced airborne drift.
The normal window for application of thinning chemicals in apple extends from bloom until 3 weeks after bloom, when the fruit reach a mean diameter of ≈16 mm. After this time fruit are generally insensitive to standard chemical thinning sprays. The potential for the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor metamitron and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) to thin apple fruit after the traditional thinning window was investigated in field experiments over three years. A standard rescue thinning spray of carbaryl plus ethephon plus naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) reduced fruit set of Gale 'Gala' if applied when the mean fruit diameter was 18, 20, and 27 mm in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The thinning activity of 400 mg·L−1 ACC was equivalent to the standard rescue thinning spray in 2010, whereas 350 mg·L−1 metamitron reduced fruit set more effectively than either the standard or ACC in 2010. Application of 400 mg·L−1 ACC plus 350 mg·L−1 metamitron when the mean fruit diameter was 18 mm reduced fruit set to almost no crop in 2010. The combination of metamitron plus ACC exhibited thinning activity after application at 25 and 33 mm mean fruit diameter in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Increased ethylene evolution was found in detached 'GoldRush' fruit 24 h after applications of ACC from 11 mm to 27 mm mean fruit diameter, but not when ACC was applied at 31 mm mean fruit diameter. Ethylene evolution was much higher after application of ACC at the 11 mm or 17 mm mean fruit diameter stage compared with application when fruit diameter was 23 mm or 27 mm. The thinning activity of ACC was related to the period of maximum ethylene response. The effects of delayed applications of ACC and metamitron on fruit set tended to be greater when these two chemicals were combined, suggesting that the creation of a carbohydrate stress and the capacity to convert ACC to ethylene are both required to trigger abscission of apple fruit larger than 18 mm in diameter.
A series of four experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of individual and combined applications of prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and GA4+7 primarily on fruit russet, but also on fruit set, fruit weight, early season shoot growth, and fruit maturity of 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). A single application of P-Ca (138 to 167 mg·L−1) at petal fall (PF) reduced the severity of russet in three of the four experiments; however, multiple applications of 20 ppm GA4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at PF generally reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca. P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for russet reduction. However, GA4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after PF. A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest. Fruit size was lowest for the combined P-Ca and GA4+7 treatment in every experiment, although there was a significant interaction between P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on mean fruit weight in only one experiment. There were no consistent effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays, alone or in combination, on fruit maturity parameters at harvest. These data show that a single application of P-Ca at PF reduced russet severity, and the effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on russet can be additive. The economic benefits resulting from a reduction in russet severity after combined P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays will need to be balanced against their occasional negative effect on fruit size. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium [3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3 cyclohexenecarboxylate formulated as Apogee (27.5% a.i.)].
Experiments were conducted in commercial apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the southeastern U.S. between 1998 and 2006 with the primary objective of evaluating the effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon on return bloom. NAA increased return bloom in six of 10 experiments, whereas ethephon increased return bloom in four of seven experiments. Four biweekly applications of 5 ppm NAA during June and July (early summer NAA) increased return bloom more consistently than fewer applications. Four weekly preharvest applications of 5 ppm NAA increased return bloom of 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' as effectively as early summer applications. Combining NAA and ethephon in early summer sprays did not consistently increase return bloom compared with either material alone. The flower cluster density of 'Golden Delicious' in the year of treatment had a negative effect on return bloom that was more pronounced on control trees than trees sprayed 5 weeks after bloom with 444 ppm ethephon (48 fl oz/acre Ethrel). Combining four early summer sprays of 316 ppm ethephon (24 fl oz/acre Ethrel) with 15 ppm gibberellin A4 + A7 (GA4+7) increased return bloom of 'Cameo' but had no effect on return bloom of 'Mutsu' or 'Golden Delicious'. Growth regulator treatments did not have a consistent effect on fruit firmness in the year of treatment. Naphthaleneacetic acid or ethephon treatments in the on year of a biennial bearing cycle can promote return bloom of apple spurs. However, the positive effect on return bloom may be minimal in cultivars with a strong natural tendency toward biennial bearing or when bloom or initial fruit set are heavy in the year of treatment.
The effects of foliar applications of the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence and fruit set were compared in peach and apple trees. Metamitron increased dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, measured as a reduction in Fv/Fm values, in both peaches and apples. Maximum suppression of the normalized ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in peaches occurred 1 to 2 days after application and Fv/Fm values recovered by 7 days after treatment. The effects of metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence were more persistent in apples compared with peaches. Fv/Fm values in apple declined within 2 days of treatment and did not start recovering until 5 days after treatment or longer. Concentrations of metamit


text:
lbs to kilogrammes
The following utility will enable you to convert mass/weight expressed in lbs to kilogrammes
To convert lbs to kilogrammes divide by 2.204622. I've generated some hopefully helpful examples randomly below, as with most random sentences please excuse the repetitive and occasionally comic outcomes.
How many kilogrammes of lentils are there in 520 lbs? Just divide by 2.204622 to get the answer of _PHONE_ kilogrammes.
You've got 380 lbs of flour but someone only wants to buy that in units of kilogrammes, to change the units divide by 2.204622. Now you have _PHONE_ kilogrammes.
To convert 550 lbs into kilogrammes divide by 2.204622 giving _PHONE_ kilogrammes.
You have 220 lbs of butter but you need to know how many kilogrammes that is. To get the answer divide by 2.204622 which gives you 99.79035 kilogrammes.


Provided by: aegis_4.24.3-3_i386 bug
 aegis integrate pass - pass a change integration
 aegis -Integrate_Pass [ option... ]
 aegis -Integrate_Pass -List [ option... ]
 aegis -Integrate_Pass -Help
 The aegis -Integrate_Pass command is used to notify aegis that a
 change has passed integration. The change is advanced from the being
 integrated state to the completed state. boxwid = 1 down box "being"
 "integrated" arrow " integrate" ljust " pass" ljust box "completed"
 This command updates the file histories, so that future aecp(1)
 commands may extract previous file versions from history, and so that
 future aed(1) commands may merge out-of-date files. The history is
 updated using the history_create_command and history_put_command
 fields of the project configuration file (see aepconf(5) for more
 information). The integrate pass will abort with an error if one of
 these history commands should fail, e.g. by running out of disk space.
 If this should happen, the change will remain in the being integrated
 state, and the integration directory is unaltered.
 Once the history has been updated, the integration directory is
 renamed as the baseline directory, and the old baseline directory is
 Once integrate pass is complete the change is no longer assigned to
 the current user.
 History Tools Modify Files
 Many history tools (e.g. RCS and SCCS) can modify the contents of the
 file when it is committed. This usually requires the use of specific
 "keyword" strings, and there are usually options to turn this behavior
 off, but users familiar with version control tools (as opposed to
 configuration management systems) will often use these features. The
 problem is that if the commit changes the file, the source file in the
 repository now no longer matches the object file in the repository.
 I.e. the history tool has compromised the referential integrity of
 the repository. By default, a fatal error is emitted if the file is
 changed by the check-in, however this can be modified to a be warning
 or even ignored completely; see the history_put_trashes_file field of
 aepconf(5) for more information.
 File Modification Times
 The modification times of all files modified since the beginning of
 integration (see aeib(1) for more information) are updated to be since
 the beginning of integrate pass. The order of modification times will
 be preserved, however the time range will be compressed to the
 greatest extent possible. This ensures that subsequent development
 builds will notice that baseline files have changed.
 Note that if there are many new files with all different timestamps in
 the integration directory, and if the number of files with different
 timestamps exceeds the number of seconds since the start of the
 integrate-pass command, Aegis may have to set file modification times
 into the future.
 The build_time_adjust field of the project config file controls Aegis'
 behavior in this case. (See aepconf(5) for more information.) There
 are three settings:
 This setting, which is the default, causes Aegis to sleep
 until the file modification times would no longer be in the
 future. This avoids both development build problems and
 integration build problems, both of which which can arise as a
 result "interesting" file modification times.
 Aegis will issue a warning that the file modification times
 extend into the future, but will not sleep. This may cause
 integration build problems, particularly if you are using
 aeintegratq(1). Development builds may perform redundant
 builds, however aet -reg should not produce false negatives.
 This is highly inadvisable. It is provided solely for some
 very rare circumstances. This setting causes Aegis not to
 adjust the file modification times at all. This can have very
 unhappy side-effects, especially of the integration build was
 before one or more development builds; the commonest symptom
 being that development builds do not always cause a relink of
 the necessary executables, and aet -reg may give false
 negatives. It is strongly recommended that you do not use
 this setting.
 If you use cook(1), see the time-adjust-back flag for how to compress
 the time range even further. This usually makes the sleep (or the
 warning period) significantly shorter.
 On successful completion of this command, after the directory rename
 has ocurred and after the database has been updated, the integration_pass_notify_command field of the project attributes is run, if set.
 See aepattr(5) and aepa(1) for more information. This command is run
 as the project owner.
 Some compilers bury absolute path names into object files and
 executables. The renaming of the integration directory to become the
 new baseline breaks these paths. The above command is passed an
 environment variable called AEGIS_INTEGRATION_DIRECTORY so that the
 appropriate symlink may be placed, if desired.
 Other commands run by this command include the history_create_command,
 history_put_command and history_query_command fields of the project
 config file. See aepconf(5) for more information.
 The baseline lock is used to ensure that the baseline remains in a
 consistent state for the duration of commands which need to read the
 contents of files in the baseline.
 The commands which require the baseline to be consistent (these
 include the aeb(1), aecp(1) and aed(1) commands) take a baseline read
 lock. This is a non-exclusive lock, so the concurrent development of
 changes is not hindered.
 The command which modifies the baseline, aeipass(1), takes a baseline
 write lock. This is an exclusive lock, forcing aeipass(1) to block
 until there are no active baseline read locks.
 It is possible that one of the above development commands will block
 until an in-progress aegis -Integrate_PASS completes. This is usually
 of short duration while the project history is updated. The delay is
 essential so that these commands receive a consistent view of the
 baseline. No other integration command will cause the above
 development commands to block.
 When aegis' branch functionality is in use, a read (non-exclusive)
 lock is taken on the branch baseline and also each of the "parent"
 baselines. However, a baseline write (exclusive) lock is only taken
 on the branch baseline; the "parent" baselines are only read (nonexclusive) locked.
 The History Lock
 Where a project has a number of branches active simultaneously, it is
 possible for independent integrate pass commands for different
 branches to be issued very close together. The is an exclusive
 history lock taken by integrate pass to ensure that only one branch is
 updating the file history at a time, thus preventing history file
 The "aegis -Test -SUGgest" command may be used to have aegis suggest
 suitable regression tests for your change, based on the source files
 in your change. This automatically focuses testing effort to relevant
 tests, reducing the number of regression tests necessary to be
 confident that you have not introduced a bug.
 The test correlations are generated by the "aegis -Integrate_Pass"
 command, which associates each test in the change with each source
 file in the change. Thus, each source file accumulates a list of
 tests which have been associated with it in the past. This is not as
 exact as code coverage analysis, but is a reasonable approximation in
 The aecp(1) and aenf(1) commands are used to associate files with a
 change. While they do not actively perform the association, these are
 the files used by aeipass(1) and aet(1) to determine which source
 files are associated with which tests.
 Test Correlation Accuracy
 Assuming that the testing correlations are accurate and that the tests
 are evenly distributed across the function space, there will be a less
 than 1/number chance that a relevant test has not been run by the
 "aegis -Test -SUGgest number" command. A small amount of noise is
 added to the test weighting, so that unexpected things are sometimes
 tested, and the same tests are not run every time.
 Test correlation accuracy can be improved by ensuring that:
 o Each change should be strongly focused, with no gratuitous file
 inclusions. This avoids spurious correlations.
 o Each item of new functionality should be added in an individual
 change, rather than several together. This strongly correlates
 tests with functionality.
 o Each bug should be fixed in an individual change, rather than
 several together. This strongly correlates tests with
 o Test correlations will be lost if files are


text:
The Porcupine Mountains rise from the shore of Lake Superior in the far western Upper Peninsula of Michigan. They are not remarkably high by some standards but for this part of the midwest they represent some of the most rugged terrain around. The "Porkies," as they are known by locals, are actually a series of three ridges that lie parallel to the shoreline. The mountains are preserved within the borders of Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park.
The first ridge rises 1000 feet directly from Lake Superior to a maximum elevation of around 1600 feet. The lake-side of the escarpment rises steeply but gradually while the south side is a 300-500 foot cliff overlooking the Big Carp River valley and the famous Lake of the Clouds.
The second ridge is a bit higher, reaching an elevation of 1850 feet at Government Peak. Again, the north slope of this ridge is gradual but steep. The south side however does not drop off like its neighboring ridge to the north. the two Mirror Lake sit in this high valley at about 1500 feet in elevation.
The third, and southernmost, ridge is the highest. The height of land is known as Summit Peak and it is the 3rd highest point in Michigan at 1958 feet. Climb the 50 foot observation tower at the summit, however, and you will be standing higher than even Michigan highpoint Mt. Arvon. Summit Peak does command an impressive view but does not rise from its surroundings as drastically as the ridges to the north because the terrain here averages around 1500 feet in elevation.
Getting ThereThe Porkies are accessed most often from the south so that is how I'll describe how to get there. The two roads leading into the park from the south both begin off State Highway M-28. This highway runs the length of the Upper Peninsula. The majority of people entering the UP come from either Lower Michigan, through the Green Bay, Wisconsin area, or from the west (the Duluth area).
FROM LOWER MICHIGAN: After crossing the Mackinac Bridge take the second exit past the toll booth and head west on US-2. Drive about 45 miles and turn north (right) onto M-117. You will follow this road for 13 miles until it reaches M-28. Turn left (west). It is approx. a 5 hour drive west on M-28 from this point to the east access road to the park, M-64.
FROM GREEN BAY: Head north on US-141. Follow US-141 north 160 miles until it reaches M-28 at the small crossroads town of Covington. Turn left (west) and follow M-28 53 miles to Bergland where you can turn north onto M-64 towards the parks eastern access point.
FROM DULUTH: Follow US-2 115 miles across northern Wisconsin and then 11 miles into the U.P. M-28 heads left here at the town of Wakefield. After only a mile or two you can turn north onto County Road 519 which provides access to the west side of the park.
The South Boundary Road is a narrow, winding road that serves as the only connector from one side of the park to the other.
The Porcupine Mountains are located entirely within the State Park boundaries and there is an entrance fee in the form of a vehicle pass which must be purchased before entry. As of 2005 the state park pass fees were $6 for the day or $24 ($8 and $29 for non-residents). If you decide to purchase a yearly pass it is good for entry into any of Michigans State Parks. In addition to this anyone who plans on camping in the backcountry must register at the Visitors Center and pay an additional small per-night usage fee.
The trails within the park are open year-round. November 15th marks the beginning of a 16-day firearm deer season in Michigan so it is not reccomended that hikers use the trails during those times.
Also, South Boundary Road is used as a snowmobile route in the winter and as such not plowed. There are no set dates when the road is plowed until and snow can be expected anytime between mid-November and April.
When To Go
The Porcupine Mountains recieve the bulk of thier annual visitors between May and October, aka when there is no (or little) chance of snow. However, from mid-May to as late as early July you will have to deal with blackfly season, so be prepared. July and August are usually quite mild with temps in the upper 70's at inland points. Near Lake Superior the temps can be as much as 20 degrees cooler! Frosts and the color change begin in September and as the colors peak late in the month there is a small spike in visitors, but not bad. I like October for hiking because of the cool to crisp days and the extended views that the fallen foliage allow.
Winter is an experience unto itself. Snow usually starts falling in mid-November and is on the ground for good in mid-December. Due to the proximity of Lake Superior and the steep terrain it is not uncommon for the Porkies to see 300 inches or more of the white stuff in a winter. By late February 3 feet or more of snow usually covers the ground. Access is limited to the east and west ends of the park however so in the winter the backcountry is all that much more remote.
The PeaksThe main peaks in the park lie along the Escarpment Ridge, as well as Government Peak and Summit Peak.
| The Escarpment (~1400') || |
The Escarpment is easily the most popular destination in the Porkies as there is a paved road that runs along and to the top of it. It rises to a maximum elevation of about 1600 feet at Cuyahoga Peak but averages about 1400 feet. It runs for about 8 miles from one end to the other. Two trails run its length. They are the Escarpment Trail and the Big Carp River Trail. The road runs well behind and below the ridge, ending at a parking area for the immensely popular Lake of the Clouds Overlook. From this overlook the Escarpment Trail departs east for 4 miles. You can also access the trail from a number of points along the access road. The Big Carp Trail runs west for 2 scenic miles before it abruptly drops of the escarpment. You would be hard pressed to find more dramatic views in Michigan than what are afforded you from the edge of the Escarpment cliffs. The trails hug the edge for most of the way giving you outstanding views of Lake of the Clouds and the Big Carp River Valley. Blocking views farthur south, though, is the long, high ridge of Government Peak.
| Government Peak (1850') ||Government Peak is the high point of a massive ridge that all but divides the park in two. Standing on the Escarpment the ridge blocks all views south and standing on Summit Peak it blocks all views north. Government Peak is the true "heart" of the Porkies. To reach the summit you must hike a minimum of 5.5 miles ONE WAY. The Government Peak Trail runs along the eastern half of the ridge, passing the peak along the way. It is the only trail that passes over it. The shortest route, mentioned above, is from the south via the South Mirror Lake and Government Peak Trails. The South Mirror Lake Trail is Accessed from the Summit Peak Parking Area. You can also follow the Government Peak Trail in its entirety from where it begins off M-107 (the escarpment access road). This is about a 6 mile hike. Because of its central location a number of other trails intersect the Government Peak Trail but, due to distances, would primarily be overnight routes to the summit.|
| Summit Peak (1958') ||Summit Peak is the highest point in the Porcupine Mountains and 3rd highest in Michigan. However, it does not stand out like one may think. Rising from the surrounding 1500 foot plateau only a little more than 300 feet neither the hike up from the north or the drive up from the south could truly be classified as steep. The views from the top, with the help of a 50 foot tower, are spectacular however. The bulk of the Government Peak Ridge rises just to the north, obscuring views, but all around elsewhere stretches the forested Western Upper Peninsula. Views on a clear day are in excess of 50 miles and, even though it lacks the rugged beauty of some mountain views, the dense green canopy, unbroken by road or building is beautiful to behold. As mentioned before an access road snakes its way north from the South Boundary Road to a parking area just below the summit. The South Mirror Lake Trail descends north from the summit on its way north over the Government Peak Ridge, past Lake of the Clouds, and up the Escarpment 6 miles distant. Also descending off the summit is the 2 mile Beaver Creek Trail which joins the Little Carp River Trail 9.5 miles above its terminus at Lake Superior.|
The Grand Tour
The following is a suggested route to follow if you have a few days to spend in the Porkies and want to hit all the major peaks in the park. It is, at a minimum, a 3 day trek possibly more based on your preference. I will just include distances, you can determine the time you wish to take. Well, here goes...
-Park your vehicle at the parking area for Summit Peak. You could hit the peak right away but I suggest leaving it for the end so you can truly "climb" it and more fully appreciate the views you will take in at the