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Coquerel's Sifaka Baby
It's the Year of the Lemur at the Sacramento ZooMar 30, 2012
The Sacramento Zoo is welcoming its newest residents: a baby Coquerel's Sifaka (CAHK-ker-rells she-FAHK) born on February 4th weighing 115 grams, and a baby Mongoose Lemur that was discovered the morning of
Friday March 30th. There are only eight AZA-accredited facilities that house the fewer than 60 endangered Coquerel's Sifaka, while 17 AZA-accredited facilities house the fewer than 60 endangered Mongoose Lemurs in the U.S. To help preserve these vanishing species, the Sacramento Zoo takes part in Species Survival Plans® (SSP) initiated by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), to cooperatively manage specific, and typically threatened or endangered species, populations in accredited institutions.
"Both births are significant at the Sacramento Zoo and to lemur populations" said Harrison Edell, General Curator. There are between 1,000 and 10,000 Mongoose Lemurs left and potentially less than 10,000 Coquerel's Sifaka living in the wild.
Knowing that both lemurs were going to be first time moms and that their due dates were nearing, staff had been keeping an eye out for any significant changes in the mothers' behavior. The sifaka mother and baby are bonding in their habitat across from the Conservation Carousel and the Mongoose Lemur baby can be seen on exhibit with its mother and father.
Both Coquerel's Sifaka and Mongoose Lemurs are native only to the island of Madagascar off the southeastern coast of Africa, although the Mongoose Lemur was introduced to the Comoro Islands of Moheli and Anjouan roughly 200 years ago. Newborn sifaka ride on their mother's belly for the first month, then graduate to riding on her back. By two months of age, they have learned the basics of leaping. By about six months of age, they claim the treetops as their own. Young reach adult size at one year. Coquerel's Sifaka are among the most endangered of the sifaka
species – habitat loss due to deforestation is the leading threat. They have a unique brown and white coloration, and are distinguished from other lemurs by the way they move. They maintain a very upright posture. Using only their back legs, they leap through the treetops, easily leaping more than 20 feet in a single bound. On the ground they spring sideways off their back feet to cover distance.
All Mongoose Lemur infants are born with female coloration and; males, change coloration within six to eight months. The infant is carried around the mother's waist and is weaned between five and seven months.
Mongoose Lemurs tend to live in small groups of three to four consisting of a mature pair and their immature offspring. The Ankarafantsika Reserve is the only protected area in Madagascar for the Mongoose Lemur.
AZA Members: Submit your Zoo & Aquarium News


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A sorting algorithm falls into the adaptive sort family if it takes advantage of existing order in its input. It benefits from the presortedness in the input sequence – or a limited amount of disorder for various definitions of measures of disorder – and sorts faster. Adaptive sorting is usually performed by modifying existing sorting algorithms.
Comparison-based sorting algorithms have traditionally dealt with achieving an optimal bound of O(n log n) when dealing with time complexity. Adaptive sort takes advantage of the existing order of the input to try to achieve better times, so that the time taken by the algorithm to sort is a smoothly growing function of the size of the sequence and the disorder in the sequence. In other words, the more presorted the input is, the faster it should be sorted.
This is an attractive algorithm because nearly sorted sequences are common in practice. Thus, the performance of existing sort algorithms can be improved by taking into account the existing order in the input.
Note that the most worst-case sorting algorithms that do optimally well in the worst-case, notably heap sort and merge sort, do not take existing order within their input into account, although this deficiency is easily rectified in the case of merge sort by checking if left.last_item ≤ right.first_item, in which case a merge operation may be replaced by simple concatenation – a modification that is well within the scope of making an algorithm adaptive.
A classic example of an adaptive sorting algorithm is Straight Insertion Sort. In this sorting algorithm, we scan the input from left to right, repeatedly finding the position of the current item, and insert it into an array of previously sorted items.
In pseudo-code form, the Straight Insertion Sort algorithm could look something like this:
procedure Straight Insertion Sort (X, n): X := −∞ for j := 2 to n do i := j − 1 t := X[j] while t < X[i] do X[i + 1] := X[i] i := i - 1 end X[i + 1] := t end
The performance of this algorithm can be described in terms of the number of inversions in the input, and then T(n) will be roughly equal to I(A) + (n - 1), where I(A) is the number of Inversions. Using this measure of presortedness – being relative to the number of inversions – Straight Insertion Sort takes less time to sort the closer it is to being sorted.
Other examples of adaptive sorting algorithms are adaptive heap sort, adaptive merge sort, and splaysort. Dijkstra's smoothsort algorithm is a variation on heap-sort that is also considered an adaptive sorting algorithm.
- Hagerup, Torben; Jyrki Katjainen (2004). Algorithm Theory – SWAT 2004. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 221–222. ISBN 3-540-22339-8.
- Mehta, Dinesh P.; Sartaj Sahni (2005). Data Structures and Applications. USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC. pp. 11‑8–11‑9. ISBN 1-58488-435-5.
- Estivill-Castro, Vladmir; Derick Wood (December 1992). "A survey of adaptive sorting algorithms". ACM (New York, NY, USA: ACM) 24 (4): 441–476. doi:10.1145/146370.146381. ISSN 0360-0300. CiteSeerX: 10
.1.1.45.8017.
- Petersson, Ola; Alistair Moffat (1992). "A framework for adaptive sorting". Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Berlin: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg) 621: 422–433. doi:10.1007/3-540-55706-7_38. ISSN _PHONE_. Retrieved February 23, 2009.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Trout frog instructions
Strike Tiger Trout Frog
Step 1.
Thread fishing line through the middle of the frog using the hole provided. Next, thread the orange attractor bead onto the line butt end. Tie the supplied hook onto line after the orange attractor bead at the butt end of the frog.
Strike Tiger Trout Frog Instructions 1
Step 2.
Add floatation to the frog by using the white poly balls provided. Insert the balls into the cavity of the frog by pushing them in from either the butt or front end. Use a pen, toothpick or similar item to do this. Stuffing the frog with 6 + poly balls will make it float on the surface. Stuffing it with fewer balls will make it sink.
Strike Tiger Trout Frog Instructions 2
Step 3.
Pull the line tight from the front end of the frog. The orange attractor bead will prevent the hook from slipping through. Your frog is now ready to fish. Simply cast and let it sit on the water (static) or use very slow twitches to retrieve it.
Strike Tiger Frog Instructions 3
Your assembled frog should float like this with the hook suspended just below the water surface.
Strike Tiger floating frog lure


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Since "Thanatopsis" is a poem about death, it's probably not that surprising that images of graves and tombs and coffins are all over the place. One of the major ideas that holds this poem together is the contrast between the freedom and the open space of nature and the confinement of the grave. When the speaker mentions the grave in this poem, he's usually talking about a scary, dark, unhappy place. By the end, though, he helps us to see why it might not be so bad after all.
- Line 12: Here the grave is referred to as "the narrow house." We think that's a metaphor for a coffin. Plus it's a great way of communicating what's scary about death. Doesn't it make you feel a little claustrophobic just reading about it? If we're going to feel uplifted at the end of the poem, we have to go through the scary stuff first.
- Line 45: This might be the central metaphor of the whole poem. The idea is that the whole world, the globe itself, is "the great tomb of man." It's sort of gross, in a way, to think about the whole world being stuffed with millions or billions of dead bodies. Bryant finds a way of making it sound sort of noble and solemn and beautiful, though. In a way, the fact that there are so many bodies in there makes the earth into a sacred place.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Lessons from Previous Expeditions for the Human Exploration of Mars
J. Stuster (2004), JBIS, 57, 126-134Refcode
: Space exploration, psychology, MarsAbstract:
Anecdotal comparisons frequently are made between expeditions of the past and future space missions. From an engineering perspective, the differences between future and past expeditions are considerable. Spacecraft are far more complex than sailing ships, and one of the factors that drives the complexity is the requirement to support the crew in the hostile environment of space. The technological differences are significant, but from a behavioral perspective, are the differences really that great between confinement in a small wooden ship locked in the polar ice cap and confinement in a small high-technology ship hurtling through interplanetary space? The psychological differences probably are few. This paper discusses some of the most salient behavioral and technical lessons from previous expeditions that can be applied to facilitate the human exploration of Mars.
PDF file, 9 pages: £5.00


Image text transcribed for accessibility: Two independent measurements are made of the lifetime of a sub-atomic particle. Each measurement has a standard deviation of 8 times 10-15 seconds. The lifetime of the sub-atomic particle is estimated by averaging the two measurements. What is the standard deviation of this estimate? Round your answer to four decimal places. times 10-15


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|General Digital Competence|General Digital Competence||Enabling Digital Competence|Enabling Digital Competence||Care Specific Digital Competence|Care Specific Digital Competence|
|Information|Information||Communication|Communication||Content Creation|Content Creation||Safety|Safety|
The red section in the diagram represents Domain A: General digital competence. It contains 19 Competences distrubuted into 4 Competence Areas. This Domain builds on, and adapts, the DIGCOMP framework: four out of five DIGCOMP Competence Areas were used including their Competences. Corresponding examples of learning outcomes defined by DIGCOMP were also adopted (in the User Application Level) and complemented with new examples defined for the Mentor/Guide Level. The resulting set of Competences refers to the ability to use digital technologies in general, and to mediate this ability to others.


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Java6 added a new utility class for reading input data from character based devices including command line. java.io.Console can be used to read input from command line, but unfortunately it doesn't work on most of IDE like Eclipse and Netbeans. As per Javadoc call to System.Console() will return attached console to JVM, if it has been started interactive command prompt or it will return null if JVM has been started using a background process or scheduler job. Anyway java.io.Console not only provides way to read input from command prompt or Console but also reading passwords from console without echoing it. Console.readPassword() method reads password and returns a character array and password is masked during entering so that any peeping tom can not see your password while you are entering it. here is a code example of How to read password and input from command prompt or console using java.io.Console. By the way apart from Console, you can also use Scanner or BufferedReader to read input from command prompt, as shown in this example.
Saturday, May 18, 2013
Saturday, April 27, 2013
In this article I am giving example of some SQL query which is asked when you go for interview who is having one or two year experience on this field.whenever you go for java developer position or any other programmer position interviewee expect that if you are working from one or two years on any project definitely you come across to handle this database query, so they test your skill by asking this type of simple query.
Question 1: SQL Query to find second highest salary of Employee
Answer : There are many ways to find second highest salary of Employee in SQL, you can either use SQL Join or Subquery to solve this problem. Here is SQL query using Subquery :
select MAX(Salary) from Employee WHERE Salary NOT IN (select MAX(Salary) from Employee );
See How to find second highest salary in SQL for more ways to solve this problem.
Question 2: SQL Query to find Max Salary from each department.
SELECT DeptID, MAX(Salary) FROM Employee GROUP BY DeptID.
Question 3:Write SQL Query to display current date.
Ans:SQL has built in function called GetDate() which returns current timestamp.
Question 4:Write an SQL Query to check whether date passed to Query is date of given format or not.
Ans: SQL has IsDate() function which is used to check passed value is date or not of specified format,it returns 1(true) or 0(false) accordingly.
SELECT ISDATE('1/08/13') AS "MM/DD/YY";
It will return 0 because passed date is not in correct format.
Question 5: Write a SQL Query to print the name of distinct employee whose DOB is between 01/01/1960 to 31/12/1975.
SELECT DISTINCT EmpName FROM Employees WHERE DOB BETWEEN '01/01/1960' AND '31/12/1975';
Question 6:Write an SQL Query find number of employees according to gender whose DOB is between 01/01/1960 to 31/12/1975.
Answer : SELECT COUNT(*), sex from Employees WHERE DOB BETWEEN '01/01/1960'AND '31/12/1975' GROUP BY sex;
Question 7:Write an SQL Query to find employee whose Salary is equal or greater than 10000.
Answer : SELECT EmpName FROM Employees WHERE Salary>=10000;
Question 8:Write an SQL Query to find name of employee whose name Start with 'M'
Ans: SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE EmpName like 'M%';
Question 9: find all Employee records containing the word "Joe", regardless of whether it was stored as JOE, Joe, or joe.
Answer : SELECT * from Employees WHERE upper(EmpName) like upper('joe%');
Question 10: Write a SQL Query to find year from date.
Answer : SELECT YEAR(GETDATE()) as "Year";
Hope this article will help you to take a quick practice whenever you are going to attend any interview and not have much time to go into the deep of each query.
Other Interview Questions posts from Java67 Blog
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Though modern IDE like Eclipse, IntelliJ or Netbeans allows you to generate equals, hashCode and compareTo methods for your value classes, it's equally important, you know how to do that by hand. By overriding equals and hashcode method by yourself, you know how they work, what kind of errors you can get, and most importantly, it's expected form you, as a Java programmer in any core Java interview. More often, you would see a coding question in Java, which ask you to override equals(), hashcode(), compare() and compareTo() methods for a value class. Since I have already shared some tips on How to override compareTo method in Java, and couple of example of writing your own comparator in Java, here I am sharing another simple example of overriding equals and hashCode methods. If you know rules of overriding equals and hashCode, you might know that, whenever you override equals, you must have to override hashCode, otherwise your object will not behave properly on various collection classes e.g. Map or Set, which uses equals, compareTo, hashCode to implement there invariants e.g. Set implementations should not allow any duplicates.
Sunday, March 31, 2013
String class provides split() method to split String in Java, based upon any delimiter, e.g. comma, colon, space or any arbitrary method. split() method splits string based on delimiter provided, and return a String array, which contains individual Strings. Actually, split() method takes a regular expression, which in simplest case can be a single word. split() is also overloaded method in java.lang.String class and its overloaded version takes a limit parameter which is used to control how many times pattern will be applied during splitting process. if this limit is positive n, then pattern will be applied at most n-1 times, if it's negative or zero than split operation is applied any number of time. For example, if we split String "First,Second,Third" on comma and provide limit as 2 then pattern will run one time, and split() will return String array with 2 Strings, "First" and "Second,Third". Since this method accepts a Java regular expression, it throws PatternSyntaxException, if syntax of regular expression is invalid.
Saturday, March 23, 2013
String class in Java provides several methods to replace characters, CharSequence and substring from String in Java. Since String is immutable in Java, every time you performance an operation on String either replacement or removing white space from String, it generates a new String object. There are four overloaded method to replace String in Java :
replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement)
replaceAll(String regex, String replacement)
replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement)
Out of these, 2nd one which takes a CharSequence is added on Java 1.5. CharSequence is actually a super interface for String, StringBuffer and StringBuilder in Java, which means you can pass any of String, StringBuffer or StringBuilder Object as argument to this replace method. replaceFirst() and replaceAll() are very powerful and accepts regular expression. replaceFirst() only replace first match, while replaceAll replaces all matches with replacement String provided.
Tuesday, March 12, 2013
wait, notify, and notifyAll methods are used for inter thread communication in Java. wait() allows a thread to check for a condition, and wait if condition doesn't met, while notify() and notifyAll() method informs waiting thread for rechecking condition, after changing state of shared variable. One good example of how wait and notify method works is Producer consumer problem, where one thread produces, and wait if bucket is full; and other thread consumes and wait if bucket is empty. Both Producer and Consumer thread, notify each other as well. Producer thread notifies consumer thread after inserting an item in shared queue, while consumer thread notify producer, after consuming item from queue. Though Both notify() and notifyAll() are used to notify waiting threads, waiting on shared queue object, but there are some subtle difference between notify and notifyAll in Java. Well, when we use notify(), only one of the sleeping thread will get notification, while in case of notifyAll(), all sleeping thread on that object will get notified. This concept confuses many Java programmers, both beginners and experienced alike, Infact this is one of three question which is very popular on wait and notify concept, along with why wait and notify is defined in Object class and why wait and notify called from synchronized method. In this article we will focus on difference between wait, notify, and notifyAll method in Java.
Friday, March 8, 2013
There are 3 main ways to convert String to int in Java, using constructor of Integer class, parseInt() method of java.lang.Integer and Integer.valueOf() method. Though all those method returns instance of java.lang.Integer, which is a wrapper class for primitive int value, it's easy to convert Integer to int in Java. From Java 5, you don't need to do anything, autoboxing will automatically convert Integer to int. For Java 1.4 or lower version, you can use intValue() method form java.lang.Integer class, to convert Integer to int. As name suggest, parseInt() is the core method to convert String to int in Java. parseInt() accept a String which must contain decimal digits and first character can be an ASCII minus sign (-) to denote negative integers. parseInt() throws NumberFormatException, if provided String is not convertible to int value. By the way parseInt is an overloaded method and it's overloaded version takes radix or base e.g


Prototype built-in | SuperOffice Community
Prototype built-in
In this article
 Prepare the central database Prototype In order to use SuperOffice CRM 7 without being connected to the network, associates must first perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to a local database.
 The local update is based on an update prototype, which is a copy of the central database and contains the same information that the central database contained when the update prototype was generated. It is much quicker and more efficient to copy a single file than to copy data from a complex database (by a factor of 50 or more). With the prototype as an intermediary, the local update is performed more rapidly.
 To generate an update prototype from the Maintenance Client:
 1. Open the Replication screen in the Maintenance Client.
 2. Click the Generate prototype button on the right of the screen.
 Note: If you are using Area Management, there will be a dialog box allowing you to choose the area required.
 3. A dialog box opens, asking you to confirm that you want to start prototype generation. Choose OK.
 The generation is started. A message box displays the progress of the task.
 Note: The update prototype is saved centrally to the SO_ARC\TEMPLATE\TRAVEL folder, with the name TravelAREA0.DB if you are using a built-in database, or AREA0.DB if you are using a Sybase database, so that all Travel users use the same prototype. The MSDE database files is located in the ProtoServerPath folder. While a prototype is being generated, no-one will be able to activate the Travel function.
 4. Once the task has completed, the status message box closes and you are returned to the Replication screen. The prototype is now ready for use.
 At any stage after an update prototype has been generated, each individual user will be able to perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to his or her own local database.
 Note - You may use different kinds of travel databases on the different areas, but you need to use a supported travel database type.


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Goals for the German Studies major and minor are three-fold:
- German Studies majors and minors should acquire an understanding of the discipline of German Studies and its conceptual frameworks. They should know how the discipline is positioned in the UnitedStates, meaning how it works and what its major organizations and publications are.
- German Studies majors should attain at minimum the language proficiency level defined by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language (ACTFL) as Advanced Mid. German Studies minors should attain at least the ACTFL proficiency level of Advanced Low. Graduating major and minors should develop a fluency and a critical vocabulary to be able to converse, read, and write about German culture and cultural texts in a scholarly way.
- German Studies majors and minors should be familiar with the scope of German cultural history and the major and minor traditions within German-speaking regions in the modern period.
German Studies majors are further required to participate in the CAPSTONE experience, GER 400: Senior Seminar, in which they demonstrate and integrate learned skills in a seniorthesis and a public presentation of the thesis.


Language: Node definitions
A node definition or node statement is a block of Puppet code that will only be included in matching nodes' catalogs. This feature allows you to assign specific configurations to specific nodes.
Node statements are an optional feature of Puppet. They can be replaced by or combined with an external node classifier, or you can eschew both and use conditional statements with facts to classify nodes.
Unlike more general conditional structures, node statements only match nodes by name. By default, the name of a node is its certname (which defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name).
Node definitions should go in the main manifest. The main manifest can be a single file, or a directory containing many files.
# /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node '' {
 include common
 include apache
 include squid
node '' {
 include common
 include mysql
In the example above, only would receive the apache and squid classes, and only would receive the mysql class.
 - The node keyword
 - The name(s) of the node(s), separated by commas (with an optional final trailing comma)
 - An opening curly brace
 - A closing curly brace
Aside: Best practices
Although node statements can contain almost any Puppet code, we recommend that you only use them to set variables and declare classes. Avoid using resource declarations, collectors, conditional statements, chaining relationships, and functions in them; all of these belong in classes or defined types.
This will make it easier to switch between node definitions and an ENC.
Node statements match nodes by name. A node's name is its unique identifier; by default, this is its certname setting, which in turn defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name.
Note on Non-Certname Node Names
A node statement's name must be one of the following:
 - A regular expression.
 - The bare word default.
You may not create two node statements with the same name.
Multiple names
You can use a comma-separated list of names to create a group of nodes with a single node statement:
node '', '', '' {
 include common
 include apache, squid
This example creates three identical nodes:,, and
The default node
The name default (without quotes) is a special value for node names. If no node statement matching a given node can be found, the default node will be used. See Behavior below.
Regular expression names
Regular expressions (regexes) can be used as node names. This is another method for writing a single node statement that matches multiple nodes.
Note: Make sure all of your node regexes match non-overlapping sets of node names. If a node's name matches more than one regex, Puppet makes no guarantee about which matching definition it will get.
node /^www\d+$/ {
 include common
The above example would match www1, www13, and any other node whose name consisted of www and one or more digits.
node /^(foo|bar)\.example\.com$/ {
 include common
The above example would match and, but no other nodes.
If the main manifest contains at least one node definition, it must have one for every node; compilation for a node will fail if one cannot be found. (Hence the usefulness of the default node.) If the main manifest contains no node definitions, this requirement is dropped.
A given node will only get the contents of one node definition, even if two node statements could match a node's name. Puppet will do the following checks in order when deciding which definition to use:
 1. If there is a node definition with the node's exact name, Puppet will use it.
 2. If there is a regular expression node statement that matches the node's name, Puppet will use it. (If more than one regex node matches, Puppet will use one of them, with no guarantee as to which.)
 3. If the node's name looks like a fully qualified domain name (i.e. multiple period-separated groups of letters, numbers, underscores and dashes), Puppet will chop off the final group and start again at step 1. (That is, if a definition for isn't found, Puppet will look for a definition matching www01.example.)
 4. Puppet will use the default node.
Thus, for the node, Puppet would try the following, in order:
 - A regex that matches
 - www01.example
 - A regex that matches www01.example
 - www01
 - A regex that matches www01
 - default
You can turn off this fuzzy name matching by changing the Puppet master's strict_hostname_checking setting to true. This will cause Puppet to skip step 3 and only use the node's full name before resorting to default.
Regex capture variables
Regex node definitions will set numbered regex capture variables ($1, $2, etc.) within the body of the node definition. This is similar to the behavior of conditional statements that use regexes.
Code outside node statements
Puppet code that is outside any node statement will be compiled for every node. That is, a given node will get both the code in its node definition and the code outside any node definition.
Node scope
Node definitions create a new anonymous scope that can override variables and defaults from top scope. See the section on node scope for details.
Merging with ENC data
Node definitions and external node classifiers can co-exist. Puppet merges their data as follows:
 - Variables from an ENC are set at top scope and can thus be overridden by variables in a node definition.
 - Classes from an ENC are declared at node scope, which means they will be affected by any variables set in the node definition.
Although ENCs and node definitions can work together, we recommend that most users pick one or the other.
Inheritance is not allowed
In earlier versions of the Puppet language, nodes could inherit from other nodes using the inherits keyword. We removed that feature, and this version of the language will raise an error if you try to use it.
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enum type signed or unsigned? Is the Signedness of enums differ in C/C99/ANSI C/C++/C++x/GNU C/ GNU C99?
An enum is guaranteed to be represented by an integer, but the actual type (and its signedness) is implementation-dependent.
You can force an enumeration to be represented by a signed type by giving one of the enumerators a negative value:
In C++0x, the underlying type of an enumeration can be explicitly specified:
(C++0x also adds support for scoped enumerations)
For completeness, I'll add that in The C Programming Language, 2nd ed., enumerators are specified as having type
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Statement 5.3
 - Section 5
"Hospital pharmacists should ensure their hospitals seek review of their medicines use processes by an external quality assessment accreditation programme, and act on reports to improve the quality and safety of these processes."
What does it mean for patients? The safety of patients is the primary goal of the hospital pharmacist. Hospitals that fulfil quality and safety criteria from external accreditation programs ensure that continuing improvement practices are implemented in order to minimise errors
What does it mean for healthcare professionals? The medication practice process is very complex and external assessment programs help to identify critical aspects of the organisation and initiate appropriate preventive/corrective measures to achieve patients' safety.
What does it mean for Hospital Pharmacists? Hospital pharmacists should conduct self-assessment activities to identify critical aspects in the medication process and communicate them internally to other healthcare professionals and hospital administrators
Hospital pharmacists should promote adherence to external quality assessment inspections/audits. Hospital pharmacists should be involved and lead projects to improve quality and safety of the medication practices as risk management process. Examples include projects in areas of patient safety protocols, active pharmacovigilance, therapeutic reconciliation, discharge counselling and follow up, and transition of care programs.
The Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos is SILCC Host providing training on this Statement. Please learn more about the SILCC programme here.


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Translate Estonian into 80 different languages.
Insert your text
Estonian language is a type of Finno-Ugric language that is somewhat similar to the Finnish language being used by around 1.1 million individuals in Estonia. The language contains several loanwords from Greek, German, English, and Latin languages. The alphabet used in this language is based on Latin script. The unique phoneme length of the Estonian language has caused much interest on several linguists. Written examples of the Estonian language can be seen in some texts found in the 13th century. The language serves as the official language of the European Union and Estonia. Estonian language is being regulated by the Institute of the Estonian Language.


Is there a spiritual component to marijuana?
Ganja yoga - smoke weed in higher spheres?
Doga (dog yoga), beer and laughter yoga. The yoga trends are just sprouting up. In this article we want to introduce you to one of them: Ganja Yoga. Smoking weed and yoga sounds like an extraordinary combination at first, but what is really behind it? In our article you will find out where this trend originated, how cannabis consumption can support you in your yoga practice and bring you closer to the goals of yoga.
How do yoga and cannabis use fit together?
Ganja yoga is enjoying increasing popularity in the USA. Some US states where cannabis use is legal already have their own centers for this form of yoga. For example in California, the state in which the trend developed. Sun, beach, yoga and weed - actually not a bad idea. But maybe one or the other wonders to what extent yoga and weed go together. On the surface, it seems that smoking weed is more likely to keep us from achieving the goals of yoga practice. Ultimately, in yoga, we want to bring body and mind into harmony and achieve a state of inner calm and clarity. Does cannabis use obscure this condition or can it bring us closer to the goals of yoga?
Ganja Yoga: Combination of yoga and weed
People who smoke weed often justify their preference by saying that cannabis makes them feel more relaxed and balanced. And it is not just the Rastafarians who believe that they can reach a higher sphere of consciousness by consuming marijuana. THC, the most prominent cannabinoid in cannabis, docks in the brain on receptors that are usually available for endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamides. The function of anandamides has not yet been adequately researched, but it is assumed that they play an important role in perception, pain processing and memory, among other things. If THC attaches to the receptors, it can trigger reactions similar to anandamides. For example, the consumption of cannabis can lead to a state of deep relaxation or fatigue in some users, or to sudden hunger, the famous munchies. So it seems like both yoga and cannabis use could bring some benefits in achieving a present and peaceful state. A combination of the two could lead to an increase in the effect.
Ganja yoga focuses on the spiritual component of yoga practice
Ganja yoga can be particularly attractive for yogis who have previously practiced yoga primarily for sporting reasons and who found it difficult to get involved in the spiritual part. It is obvious that this form of yoga is one of the most relaxed types of yoga. The spiritual component of yoga practice is the focus of ganja yoga. First and foremost, the participants should relax and feel good. Representatives of Ganja Yoga report that by consuming cannabis it is easier for them to get involved in the yoga practice, to open the mind, to break away from the will to compete, to break inner boundaries and to overcome mental barriers. Since cannabis affects most people differently, this perception is subjective. If you want to find out whether ganja yoga is right for you, you have no choice but to try the yoga practice yourself. At Vice you can find a cool article about ganja yoga and meditation, a self-experiment with cannabis. And by the way: CBD yoga is all the rage and is a bit too heavy for everyone who likes weed.


text:
Canada recently took part in celebrations marking the first International Day of the Girl Child in New York and at the United Nations Headquarters. Canada, along with Peru and Turkey, led the resolution that called for the creation of an "International Day of the Girl Child" that was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 19 December 2011. Since then, many organizations and countries have raised awareness and promoted issues of concern to girls worldwide.
To celebrate the adoption of the resolution, Canada, Peru and Turkey, hosted a panel discussion entitled "Ensuring Bright Futures." The purpose of the panel was to discuss issues that girls face, particularly violence in and around schools, the role of education in helping girls find their voice, and ways to advocate for better and safer opportunities
The panel filled the UN's Dag Hammarskjöld auditorium to capacity, and was attended by many ambassadors and girl youth ambassadors. The clear highlight of the panel was a speech given by Fabiola, a youth activist from Cameroon. Fabiola spoke passionately of her desire to go to school, to be a leader in her community, and to represent girls from across her country and the world:
"Because I am a girl, people think I should wash babies' napkins, rather than hold a computer mouse. Because I am a girl, I will cook while my brothers do their science homework. Because I am a girl, I should stand behind and watch the boys use the computers in the science lab. Because I am a girl, I may be forced into early marriage instead of being able to pursue studies in science and technology. But because I am a girl, I will fight for my rights. I will make known to my society that I exist. I will change the world into one where everyone is treated equally, regardless of gender, race, language, culture or religious perspectives."
The panel was facilitated by Geeta Rao Gupta, Deputy Executive Director of UNICEF. A webcast of the panel discussion is available on the United Nations website.
Also present was Alaina Podmorrow, Canada's honorary Youth Ambassador and vocal supporter of girls' rights in Afghanistan. Alaina is a strong advocate for girls' rights in Canada and around the world.
At just 15 years of age, Alaina Podmorow is living proof that a little inspiration can lead to great things: Journalist and human rights activist Sally Armstrong's 2006 speech on the plight of Afghan girls and women so inspired Alaina that she founded Little Women for Little Women in Afghanistan to support education projects in Afghanistan. She was only nine years old at the time.
Alaina dedicates herself to the organization, which has raised close to $400,000, and now has 10 chapters in Canada and the United States. Alaina speaks to audiences across Canada, sharing information about the importance of education as a key tool in peace-building.
The UN Department of Public Information hosted a panel presentation entitled "The Girl Child: Protection from Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse." Minister Ambrose spoke about her role as a woman leader, and expressed her hope that the day would help to raise awareness for girls' issues worldwide. Dr. Changu Mannathoko, the Senior Education Advisor to UNICEF, gave a moving speech on the need for girls' schooling, and Muslim women's activist Raquel Evita Saraswati spoke about the many challenges that Muslim girls face including access to education.
In addition, Plan International organized a launch event for their visionary Because I am a Girl campaign aimed at raising awareness of girl's rights around the world. As Ms. Ellen Margrethe Loj, Chair Members' Assembly and International Board, Plan international eloquently put it: "Girls are among the most marginalized and discriminated against groups on the planet. We know that empowering girls to secure their rights is also one the best solutions to sustainably reducing global poverty."
Minister Ambrose met with Michelle Bachelet, the Executive Director of UN Women and former President of Chile to discuss violence against women. Minister Ambrose spoke to Canada's efforts in engaging men and boys in preventing violence against women and about Canada's commitment to ending child marriage.
For more information about how Canada supports the International Day of the Girl, visit the Status of Women Canada web site.
For additional information on programs supporting girls, visit:


text:
Browsing Psychology by Journal
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Chimpanzees modify intentional gestures to coordinate a search for hidden foodHumans routinely communicate to coordinate their activities, persisting and elaborating signals to pursue goals that cannot be accomplished individually. Communicative persistence is associated with complex cognitive skills such as intentionality, because interactants modify their communication in response to another's understanding of their meaning. Here we show that two language-trained chimpanzees effectively use intentional gestures to coordinate with an experimentally naive human to retrieve hidden food, providing some of the most compelling evidence to date for the role of communicative flexibility in successful coordination in nonhumans. Both chimpanzees (named Panzee and Sherman) increase the rate of non-indicative gestures when the experimenter approaches the location of the hidden food. Panzee also elaborates her gestures in relation to the experimenter's pointing, which enables her to find food more effectively than Sherman. Communicative persistence facilitates effective communication during behavioural coordination and is likely to have been important in shaping language evolution.


text:
Computer and office equipment production statistics - NACE Rev. 1.1
From Statistics Explained
- Data from January 2009, most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database
This article belongs to a set of statistical articles which analyse the structure, development and characteristics of the various economic activities in the European Union (EU). According to the statistical classification of economic activities in the EU (NACE Rev 1.1), the present article covers for the manufacture of computers and office equipment, corresponding to NACE Division 30, which is part of the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector. The activities covered in this article are the manufacture of:
- office machinery;
- peripherals, such as printers and terminals.
Note that the manufacture of electronic games is classified under toys and is covered within the article on jewelry, musical instruments, sports goods and toy production.
Main statistical findings
There were 10.7 thousand enterprises within the EU-27's computer and office equipment (NACE Division 30) manufacturing sector in 2005, employing 154.6 thousand persons in 2006, while value added reached EUR 9.6 billion from a turnover of EUR 59.6 billion in the same year. The computer and office equipment manufacturing sector was by a considerable margin the smallest activity among the four NACE divisions that comprise the electrical machinery and optical equipment (NACE Subsection DL) manufacturing sector; this was the case for each of the main indicators used to measure the size of an activity. In relative terms, the computer and office equipment sector generally accounted for around 5 % of the electrical machinery and optical equipment manufacturing sector; this share rising as high as 8.4 % for turnover and falling as low as 4.2 % for the number of persons employed.
Within the activity of computer and office equipment manufacturing, the biggest subsector was clearly the manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment (NACE Class 30.02), which accounted for more than three quarters of both the EU-27's value added (77.3 %) and number of persons employed (77.5 %), the remainder being accounted for by the manufacture of office machinery (NACE Class 30.01).
The production of computers and office equipment was highly concentrated in three of the Member States, which together accounted for just over 75 % of the EU-27's value added in 2006. Germany was the leading producer, with a 38.3 % share of EU-27 value added (considerably higher than its corresponding share of the workforce, which stood at 25.4 %). The second highest level of output was recorded in Ireland (20.9 % of EU-27 value added), while one sixth (16.7 %) of the total was generated in the United Kingdom. To give some idea of the extent to which these three countries dominated EU-27 production, the fourth highest share in EU-27 value added was recorded in Italy at just 4.5 %. The contribution of the computer and office equipment sector to non-financial business economy value added was highest in Ireland (2.2 %), which may be attributed to Ireland often being used as a hub by large international manufacturers before distributing their computers across Europe. The next most specialised country was Hungary (where the manufacture of computers and office equipment accounted for 0.6 % of non-financial business economy value added), while Germany (0.3 %) was the third most specialised Member State.
As with many technology-related activities, EU-27 output from computer and office equipment manufacturing followed an erratic development, rising at a rapid pace through to the peak of the dot.com boom in 2000, before falling in the period from 2001 to 2003. Annual short-term statistics show that the index of production for the computer and office equipment manufacturing thereafter rose at a particularly fast pace (on average by 9.2 % per year) between 2003 and 2007. Having also peaked in 2000 the EU-27 index of employment for computer and office equipment manufacturing started to follow a downward path and fell in successive years through to 2007, losing an average of 4.5 % of the workforce each year; this trend was likely to be endemic of a gradual shift in assembly operations to lower labour cost regions.
Price comparisons over time are particularly difficult because computer specifications are constantly increasing, while the price of computers tends to fall. Indeed, in contrast to the majority of industrial NACE divisions, the domestic output price index for the manufacture of computers and office equipment in the EU-27 fell between 1997 and 2007 at an average rate of 8.1 % per year.
Expenditure and productivity
Gross investment in tangible goods of the EU-27's computer and office equipment manufacturing sector in 2006 was particularly low at EUR 710 million. Computer and office equipment manufacturing accounted for 3.5 % of the total investment made in the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector in 2006. The investment rate (defined here as the ratio of investment to value added) of the computer and office equipment manufacturing sector in the EU-27 was 7.4 % in 2006, which was the second lowest ratio among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy for which data are available in 2005 or 2006 (higher only than for instrument engineering – see Instrument engineering statistics - NACE Rev. 1.1). The Czech Republic and Greece (2005) were the only Member States among those for which data are available to report an investment rate for computer and office equipment manufacturing that was above their non-financial business economy average.
The relative importance of personnel costs in relation to operating expenditure was 10.9 % in the EU-27's computer and office equipment manufacturing sector in 2006. This was almost half the average share recorded within the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector (20.6 %) and was the lowest share among the four NACE divisions that comprise the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector.
In productivity terms, each person employed in the EU-27's computer and office equipment manufacturing sector generated an average of EUR 62.3 thousand of value added in 2006, which was well above the EUR 55.3 thousand average for electrical machinery and optical equipment. Average personnel costs were also somewhat higher, at EUR 42.6 thousand per employee in 2005 for computer and office equipment manufacturing, when compared with the average for electrical machinery and optical equipment (EUR 39.6 thousand per employee in the same year). Apparent labour productivity more than covered average personnel costs, as the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for computer and office equipment manufacturing stood at 153.0 % in 2005, which was above the average for the whole of electrical machinery and optical equipment sector (130.9 % in the same year), as well as being the highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio among the four NACE divisions covered within the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector.
In the majority of the Member States, average personnel costs were considerably higher within the computer and office equipment manufacturing sector than across the whole of the non-financial business economy. This was particularly true in Germany, where they were 83.4 % above the average in 2006. These relatively high personnel costs per employee were to some extent reflection of a high level of apparent labour productivity, as each person employed in the German computer and office equipment manufacturing sector generated 75.7 % more added value than the national average within the non-financial business economy. This relative performance was only bettered in Latvia (where apparent labour productivity among the computer and office equipment workforce was 212.1 % higher than the average), Ireland (87.1 %) and in Hungary (82.9 % higher).
Data sources and availability
The main part of the analysis in this article is derived from structural business statistics (SBS), including core, business statistics which are disseminated regularly, as well as information compiled on a multi-yearly basis, and the latest results from development projects.
Other data sources include the PRODCOM statistics on the production of manufactured goods.
The electrical machinery and optical equipment sector is an important and strategic part of Europe's manufacturing sector, producing a wide range of mostly high-technology products (for example, computers, switchgears or semi-conductors). This sector has been cited as being at the centre of industrial development, as almost every other sector depends, at least to some degree, on the capital equipment, technology, end-products, research and innovations that are provided by the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector. It is therefore often referred to as one of the main drivers of productivity gains and central to the EU's objective of creating more and better jobs.
The goods and services made within the electrical machinery and optical equipment sector range from capital goods used in energy and primary transformation activities, transport manufacturing (motor vehicles, aeronautics and rail equipment producers) or process manufacturing sectors (agro-industries, chemicals, plastics or wood), through intermediate goods (such as electronic components or wiring) that are often used by other manufacturers, to consumer goods (such as consumer electronics, mobile phones and household appliances).
This sector operates within a long-established legislative framework that covers issues such as product safety, energy labelling, minimum efficiency requirements, eco-design and waste. Two Directives (2008/34 and 2008/35) on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment were introduced in 2008. The EU aims to take measures to prevent the generation of electrical and electronic waste and to promote reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the quantity of such waste by


text:
Visioning 2035: The future of the higher education sector in the UK
The concept of 'university' has been around for centuries and yet the majority of British Universities have yet to reach their 50th birthday. The higher education sector has been through extensive change over a relatively short period of time and this is likely to continue in the future. This paper presents the results of a futures study focussed on the Higher Education sector in the UK in 10 and 25 years time. Following an extensive, broad ranging literature review covering business, education, futures, and socio-political texts and studies, a series of scenarios were developed for the future of the sector as a whole. This study differs from other studies in its field as it is does not focus on individual institutions, but rather at the environmental factors that are going to impact on the sector, setting out a range of scenarios within which institutions will need to shape their individual futures. Five scenarios are presented in this paper with their underlying driving factors, and their implications for the academic workforce being employed in the sector.


text:
WCS's New York Aquarium Opens New 1,500-Square-Foot Exhibit on World Oceans Day
A-MAZE-ING Water opens to the public on June 8, 2012 Brooklyn, N.Y. – May 14, 2012 –
Interactive exhibit will immerse visitors in the world of water conservation
Maze includes watershed environments, rivers, lakes, oceans and environmental threats
Weekend programming includes art exhibits, hands-on activities and much more
A-MAZE-ING Water will feature elements of the New York Seascape, the aquarium's conservation program that works to preserve local NY waters
Exhibit will be open through September 9th
The Wildlife Conservation Society's New York Aquarium will open a new summer exhibit, A-MAZE-ING Water, as part of the celebration of World Oceans Day on June 8, 2012. The event and exhibit will run through September 9.
The program will feature Water's Extreme Journey, where visitors will travel through a 1,500-square-foot maze, learning about the environmental threats that plague our waterways along their way to an ocean-themed destination.
Water's Extreme Journey interactive maze will be located under the pavilion tent at the aquarium. Children will be engaged with a range of interactive experiences as they ride a zipline through pollutants, put together water cycle puzzles, spin a wildlife wheel of facts and learn the importance of water. Educational messaging helps visitors to become caring, informed stewards of our local and global waterways and the wildlife that depends on them. Guests will also learn about the aquarium's New York Seascape, a conservation program designed to restore healthy populations of local marine species—many of them threatened—and to protect New York marine waters.
Water's Extreme Journey exhibit will be open daily. A-MAZE-ING Water will also feature special hands-on activities that will take place on weekends only and include:
- Take Action Mailbox Station – Visitors can act immediately on their concerns based upon what they just experienced in the maze and appeal to local legislators to support clean water initiatives. This area gives them the opportunity to voice their concerns by writing a letter, drawing a picture, or making a collage. Letters and art will be delivered to local government officials.
- Giant Community Mosaic – Using imagination, visitors can create more than 600 mosaic tiles that combine to make a large-scale work of art. The Wyland-designed mosaic reinforces the power of community coming together for a common goal.
- Model of Local Watershed – A model of a typical watershed will give visitors a chance to see how pollutants turn into run-off that affects drinking water and impacts the health of our oceans.
- New York Seascape Interactive – Visitors will explore the New York Bight and discover the remarkable diversity of marine life that lives in local waters (330 species of marine fish, 26 species of sharks and four species of sea turtles) through an interactive game.
- Water-themed Art Exhibition: The aquarium's Ocean View Room will be transformed into The Conservation Gallery and feature multi-media artists who will display their works from a variety of mediums. All works of art will celebrate the importance, vitality, and beauty of water.
WCS's expansive Global Marine Program conducts conservation efforts in 20 countries and all four oceans to help save threatened and endangered species. Most recently, WCS launched the New York Seascape, a local conservation program part of WCS's A SEA CHANGE initiative, a 10-year plan to revitalize the aquarium and ignite the rebirth of Coney Island. An additional component to A SEA CHANGE includes construction of the Ocean Wonders: Sharks! exhibit, scheduled to break ground later this year.
More information about New York Aquarium events is available at _URL_.
Barbara Russo – 718- _PHONE_; Cell _PHONE_; _EMAIL_
Max Pulsinelli - 718-220- 5182; _EMAIL_
Steve Fairchild – 718- 220- 5189; _EMAIL_
Wildlife Conservation Society's New York Aquarium opens every day of the year at 10am, and closing times vary seasonally. Admission is $14.95 for adults, $10.95 for children ages 3-12 and $11.95 for senior citizens (65 and older); children under 3 years of age are admitted free. Fridays after 3pm, admission is by suggested donation. The Aquarium is located on Surf Avenue at West 8th Street in Coney Island. For directions, information on public events and programs, and other Aquarium information, call 718-265-FISH or visit our web site at _URL_. Now is the perfect time to visit and show support for the New York Aquarium, Brooklyn's most heavily attended attraction and a beloved part of the City of New York.
The Wildlife Conservation Society saves wildlife and wild places worldwide. We do so through science, global conservation, education and the management of the world's largest system of urban wildlife parks, led by the flagship Bronx Zoo. Together these activities change attitudes towards nature and help people imagine wildlife and humans living in harmony. WCS is committed to this mission because it is essential to the integrity of life on Earth.


Project Management
Uncovered Interest Parity In A Partially Dollarized Developing Country: Does UIP Hold In Bolivia? (And If Not, Why Not?)
Free registration required
Executive Summary
According to the Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) condition, interest rate differentials compensate for expected exchange rate changes, equalizing the expected returns from holding assets which only differ in terms of currency denomination. In the previous literature, there are many tests of UIP for industrialized countries, and, more recently, some tests for emerging economies. However, due to data availability problems, poorer developing countries have not been studied. This paper tests UIP in a partially dollarized economy, Bolivia, where bank accounts only differ in terms of currency denomination.
 - Format: PDF
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Infundibular stalk:
infundibular stalk.
AKA infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk is a tube-like structure that connects the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. It allows for hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to be sent to the posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream.
Learn more: Know your brain - Pituitary gland
 Know your brain - Hypothalamus
Watch this 2-Minute Neuroscience video to learn more about the pituitary gland.


vegan protest Bolsanaro
Vegan protesters block off major Toronto intersection for Amazon rainforest
Animal rights activists and environmentalists gathered together on New Year's day in more than a dozen cities around the world to speak out against newly-inaugurated Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro and his plans to, essentially, privatize parts of the Amazon rainforest.
In downtown Toronto, protesters blocked off the intersection of Bay and Bloor, near the Brazillian Consulate, to stage a "die-in" and perform a play called "If the Amazon rainforests dies, we all die!"
"Stop Bolsonaro!" they chanted. "End Animal Agriculture in the Amazon, Go Vegan!"
Bolsonaro, who's been nicknamed "Trump of the Tropics" has drawn widespread international criticism in recent months for supporting such ideas as scrapping environmental protections for the Amazon, building massive highways running through the Amazon, turning control of its Indigenous lands over to the government and constructing nuclear power plants in the world's largest rainforest.
"If President Bolsonaro signed up for Veganuary and committed to going vegan, he would reverse his intentions to destroy the Amazon rainforest and instead preserve the precious rainforest and restore degraded areas," said Anita Krajnc of Climate Save, whose Toronto chapter co-hosted yesterday's protest at Bay and Bloor.
"The Amazon is a vital home to indigenous peoples and 10 million species. The Amazon is the lungs of the Earth. It acts as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon out of the atmosphere while supplying 20% of the global oxygen supply."
So, to illustrate their message, protesters handed out cards asking members of the public to go vegan for the month of January.
"We also ask that President Bolsonaro and members of his government sign up for Veganuary," reads a press release from The Save Movement.
"Go vegan or we die."
Lead photo by
Jenny Henry
Join the conversation Load comments
Latest in City
Here's the official list of everything reopening in Toronto for Step 2
Ontario will officially move into Step 2 of reopening next week


Advice + proposals regarding automodule naming
Robert Scholte rfscholte at
Mon Jan 16 09:37:08 UTC 2017
This is a message from Robert Scholte and Brian Fox. We both have been
talking about this topic several weeks with other Maven developers and
came to the conclusion that we should warn the jigsaw team with their
current approach regarding auto modules. We will share our experiences,
thoughts, conclusions and will suggest two proposals.
Traditionally, the Java ecosystem has been very mature in terms of naming
and namespacing. The reverse fqdn introduced into the java package was a
great choice to ensure classes don't conflict. Popular build tools such as
Maven and nearly all those that followed built upon that this key concept
with the introduction of "GroupId" also using the fqdn as part of the name
to ensure the coordinates were properly namespaced.
We've seen some ecosystems diverge from this leading to new challenges
that ultimately had to be reversed. A great example can be seen in the "
tragic mistake from npm creators " [1] which was to launch without a
namespace concept. Eventually, NPM started running out of useful names and
had to backtrack to introduce "scopes" which is really just a namespace
[2]. The real problem here is that the major change in namespace was
backed in after several years of momentum without it. It's taken a long
time for tooling and best practice to catch up to scopes and in the
interim, people have been left with a dual mode, some namespaced, some not
namespaced situation that has created chaos. [3]
The real issue at hand here as we consider behaviors in the jigsaw
automodule revolves around two well studied concepts.
The most important is the "Default effect" [3] which states that whatever
the default behavior is will become the most prominent best practice. A
default that uses a filename to generate a very short, un-namespaced
module id effectively sets the behavior to create generic names that will
eventually conflict...exactly what we've seen in npm.
Additionally, The switching costs introduced in overcoming a default
un-namespaced module id to one with a unique namespace is also significant
once you consider all the potential users. This is why API change is hard,
and changing the module id after the fact from the default is effectively
an API change.
The second principal at hand is the "Principle of least astonishment". We
want to find a default that doesn't violate what most users would consider
to be the most obvious. One could argue the current auto module algorithm
doesn't violate this principle, but it's important to consider alternate
suggestions in this light.
First, lets explore the potential downsides if the default effect takes
hold with the currently generated auto module id. In Apache Maven, the
artifact id is the part of the coordinate that generates the filename.
This means that com.somecompany:artifact:version will become
artifact-version.jar, which would result in automodule id "artifact".
Armed with this understanding, that does an analysis of the Maven
ecosystem have to say about potential conflicts in the automodule id?
If we ignore the groupid and version of all the components in the Maven
Central repository, we end up with over 13,500 (7% of the total
group:artifact combinations) conflicts. This does not consider conflicts
across other repositories, or within customer portfolios yet it is pretty
telling. Conflicts will happen. In some cases, the number of conflicts on
the same common names is well above 100. The list of conflicts as of
October, 2016 can be seen here. [6]
At this point, hopefully we've made the case for at least establishing a
default module id that
1. Uses namespaces to minimizes id conflicts when possible
2. Leverages the default effect to create a de facto best practice
3. Follows the principle of least astonishment
We have two potential proposals that solve these goals.
Proposal 1: Leverage existing coordinates when available.
Maven is inarguably the most popular build system for Java components,
with Maven Central being the default and largest repository of Java
components in the world. By default, every jar built by Maven
automatically gets a simple properties file inserted into it with its
unique coordinates. Now, not every jar in Central was built with Maven,
however 94% of them were, as we can find the file in
1,806,023 of the 1,913,561 central components. Talk about the default
effect in action!
It's further important to recognize that given a jar with a
declaring coordinates, it means that the project itself has chosen those
coordinates as their own name. In other words, this is how they refer to
themselves, even if other consumers may not be using Maven directly.
If automodule were able to peek inside a jar and generate the default id
using the groupid and artifactid present in the file, this would nearly
eliminate all instances of id conflict because a significant portion of
the Java ecosystem is in fact built with Maven. Additionally, the fact
that 1.8 million (and counting) modules would have namespace as the
default behavior means we've taken a huge step in setting the best
practice of picking module ids with a namepace. Additionally, since the
project itself has chosen these coordinates and uses them as their primary
distribution mechanism, this follows the principle of least astonishment
to consumers regardless of their chosen build system. Finally, since all
of the above are true, it's unlikely the project would need to migrate to
a new module id when they adopt jigsaw natively, thus avoiding an API
switching cost for their users.
Proposal 2: Drop automodules
Right now Jigsaw tries to calculate a module name solely based on the name
of the jar file, which now already causes issues. Besides the fact that
the module name is not guaranteed unique compared with its Maven
coordinate, there are extra transformations which makes it even less
guaranteed that it is unique; e.g. dashes are replaced by dots (which are
both valid artifactId characters), in some cases the number and their
following characters are stripped off. For artifacts like
jboss-servlet-api_4.0_spec it makes sense, however we already see issues
here where commons-lang, commons-lang2 and commons-lang3 get the same
module name,
even though they have different artifactIds and contain different
packages. Choosing different artifactIds and packages was a very wise
decision because it made it possible that these jars could live next to
each other. Removing that separation by the authors is a very unwise
Another known example is the jsrNNN jars, which now all get jsr as the
module name.
Is it highly unlikely there is one single rule to capture all the use
cases and which always result in a module name we can work with.
For that reason the other proposal is to simply drop automodules. Don't
try to come up with a name for unnamed jars. It might look like the
feature of automodules makes migrating easier because every dependency
will get a name so can complete your module-info for all requirements, but
we expect that once Jigsaw comes to speed the invalid module names are
actually blocking further development due to name collisions or forced
renaming by transitive modular jars.
The advantage of this proposal is that library builders are not forced to
keep the proposed module name in order to maintain backwards compatibility
with the default.. Instead library builders can pick a more suitable
module name. The modular system doesn't allow the same package to be
exported by multiple jars (and automodules exports every package). Library
builders can fix this is their new jars, however if end users would
require both jars because they were specified as requirements in different
transitive jars, you cannot compile this project. There's just no
dependency-excludes like Maven has, because "requires" in the module-info
really means requires. Dropping automodules will prevent these kind of
issues, because a package can only be exported by a named module.
Sure, this means that for end users they cannot refer to every jar in
their module-info. But at least if they add a "requires" to their
module-info, they can ensure that it'll always refer to the intended
modular jar. With build tools like Maven the chance of missing artifacts
on the classpath has already been reduced a lot. In general builds have
become quite stable, so we don't expect that developers will translate all
dependencies to the module-info file, especially if we warn them about the
possible consequences of depending on automodules. Only referring to named
modules and even a single "requires" is already a gain. There's no reason
to try to speed this up and give the developer the false impression that
it'll keep working when upgrading to real modular jars. Focus should be on
the target, not on the path how to reach it.
Dropping the automodules will prevent a lot of discussions about what is
the correct way to select a module name and will give the responsibility
for the name back to the place where it belongs: the developer.
[3] The fact that so much of the npm ecosystem is effectively
not-namespaced is has actually
created potential build time malware injection possibilities. If I know of
a package in use by a
company through log analysis


text: Turtle Diary's adjective games for 2nd grade is designed to help second grade students test and develop their knowledge of adjectives, a basic building block of grammar. In this adventure game, players are given a sentence with an adjective at the bottom of the screen. Then, they will have to identify the adjective in the given options and click the correct one in order to win the race! Not only will students come to better be able to recognize and identify adjectives, this adjective game for 2nd graders will also help them to understand adjective conjugation and how to use them properly in the context of a sentence. This adjective game is time-sensitive and adventurous which will motivate students to accelerate their problem-solving skills. Our 2nd grade adjective game is and exciting complement to a classroom lesson or a thrilling game to play in the comfort of your home.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism.
- adj. Of or relating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such lands.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Pertaining to or in the nature of a feud or partizan conflict.
- Pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or fees; relating to or dependent upon the method of landholding called feud, fief, or fee: as, feudal tenure; feudal rights or services; a feudal lord or vassal.
- Pertaining to the state of society under this system of tenure; characteristic of the relations of lord and vassal.
- adj. of, or relating to feudalism
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or fees
- adj. Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by military services.
- adj. of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism
- From Medieval Latin feudalis, from feudum. (Wiktionary)
"Although set in feudal Japan, both works contain some modern-day anachronisms."
"First cattle referred to any wealth or property, then more specifically in feudal times it referred to "movable" wealth, which at the time was pretty much limited to livestock."
"Hiro seemed to be in feudal Japan longer than the actual feudal era lasted in history."
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"Absolutely right gentlemen - there were never any socialist parties in feudal societies."
"HMMMMM seems to me its a modern interpretation NOT A ACTUAL REMAKE unless they're planning on putting American and European stars in feudal Japan."
"What was West Side Story if not a "reimagining" of Romeo & Juliet or Akira Kurosawa's Throne of Blood as Macbeth set in feudal Japan?"
"Hiro is still stuck in feudal Japan; Peter still has amnesia (despite finally learning his true identity); Claire is still playing cheerleader; the south-of-the-border Wonder Twins are still short of arriving in America; Sylar is still a neutered threat; Suresh and Parkman are still playing "My Two Dads" with the last-minute child-hero from last season; Suresh is still doing nothing to take down The Company; Nikki is still... well..."
"I must be the only one, but I LOVED heroes last night!!! my favorite storyline is the hiro in feudal Japan."
"Meanwhile, after landing in feudal Japan, Hiro (Masi Oka) meets his hero Takezo Kensei (David Anders)."
"That thread was the one I wanted to see the most of, and I think they did a nice job introducing the situation in feudal Japan (but how much does modern day Japanese and English sound like their counterparts from way back when?)."
These user-created lists contain the word 'feudal'.
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text: Traditionally, object retrieval methods require a set of images of a specific object for training. In this paper, we propose a new object retrieval method using a single query image, without training, for a global object. The query image could be a typical real image of the object. The object is constructed based on Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) points acquired from the image. Information of relative positions, scale and orientation between SURF points are calculated and constructed into an object model. The ability to match partially affine transformed object images results from the robustness of SURF points and the flexibility of the model. Occlusion is handled by specifying the probability of a missing SURF point in the model. Experimental results show that this matching technique is robust under partial occlusion and rotation. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed method improves efficiency, speeds up recovery and reduces the storage space.


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SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR (part 2)
The steady-state characteristics of a synchronous motor represented by phasor diagrams are shown as function of the load P with the excitation voltage E kept constant.
The power expression is P = I V cos(φ) = E V sin(δ) / X. The basic phasor equation is V = E + jX I.
The locus of E is a portion of a circle of radius E centered at the origin of the complex plane.
The locus of I is also a circle of radius E/X centered on the imaginary axis at –V/X.
The power P versus the torque angle δ is also plotted.


Towson Homes
Towson, the county seat of Baltimore County, was first inhabited by Susquehannock Indians. Towson was founded in 1750 when two brothers, William and Thomas Towson, emigrated from Pennsylvania and started farming on Sater's Hill, to the northeast of York and Joppa Roads. In 1768 Thomas' son, Ezekiel built a large tavern at the crossroads, just north of where the Towson Theater is now located. A small village called "Towsontown" began to grow around it, serving area farmers who traveled on York, Dulaney Valley and Joppa Roads.


text:
docs.oracle.com wrote: public void print(String s)
Print a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
s - The String to be printed
Ritesh raushan wrote:but i did'nt undestand...this is has-A relationship but where the object of PrintStream class is creating.
What is there, you did not understand? It simply says that the System class has an object "out" of PrintStream class. You have already shown the code there. If you are worried about the initialization of "out",then


text:
Viewing 19th Century Courts Category (2) found:
The author of this paper was Loren Warren Collins, who served as associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1887 to 1904. He died before he could finish it. It was to be a longer, written version of a speech he gave in 1911 to the Hennepin County Bar Association on the history of the bench and bar in Minnesota. His son, Louis L. Collins, gave a draft of the paper containing his father's handwritten additions and corrections to the Minnesota Historical Society on January 9, 1913.
This article is an important resource because it lists the names and years of service of all men who served on the supreme court from statehood to the early twentieth century, the clerks and reporters of the supreme court, and the judges of the nineteen judicial districts. It appeared as a chapter in a multi-volume history of Minnesota which was edited by Lucius F. Hubbard and Rerturn I. Holcombe, and published in 1908.


text:
Deploying Riva On-Premise requires planning and following specific step-by-step deployment checklists to ensure that the Riva sync environment is properly configured to meet sync requirements for users.
Review the following articles to learn more about how Riva On-Premise will sync data between the email platform and the CRM system.
How does Riva sync your CRM and
Each of those articles contain videos, summary explanations, and a list of typical questions to assist evaluations teams with deciding how to configure Riva sync policy settings.
There are two choices to getting started with a Riva On-Premise server:
A typical Riva On-Premise server deployment includes the following steps:
Preparation tasks are included as the first major step in the Riva On-Premise deployment model, and links for each major task are available in each deployment checklist.
For each supported email system, there is one deployment checklist that applies to all the supported CRMs. Each checklist includes all of the major steps and tasks in the Riva deployment model. Select the deployment checklist that matches your email platform:


[puhn] /pʌn/
the word or phrase used in this way.
verb (used without object), punned, punning.
to make puns.
verb puns, punning, punned
(intransitive) to make puns
verb puns, punning, punned
A humorous substitution of words that are alike in sound but different in meaning (see double-entendre), as in this passage from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll:
"What a curious plan!" exclaimed Alice.
Read Also:
 - Punster
 [puhn-ster] /ˈpʌn stər/ noun 1. a person who makes frequently. /ˈpʌnstə/ noun 1. a person who is fond of making puns, esp one who makes a tedious habit of this n. c.1700, "a low wit who endeavours at reputation by double meaning" [Johnson], from pun + -ster.
 - Punt
 [puhnt] /pʌnt/ noun 1. Football. a kick in which the ball is dropped and then kicked before it touches the ground. Compare,. 2. a small, shallow boat having a flat bottom and square ends, usually used for short outings on rivers or lakes and propelled by poling. verb (used with object) 3. Football. […]
 - Punta-arenas
 [poon-tah ah-re-nahs] /ˈpun tɑ ɑˈrɛ nɑs/ noun 1. a seaport in S Chile, on the Strait of Magellan: the southernmost city in Chile. Formerly Magallanes. /Spanish ˈpunta aˈrenas/ noun 1. a port in S Chile, on the Strait of Magellan: the southernmost city in the world. Pop: 118 000 (2005 est) Former name Magallanes
 - Puntarenas
 [poon-tah-re-nahs] /ˌpun tɑˈrɛ nɑs/ noun 1. a seaport in W Costa Rica.


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A free rider is someone who "rides for free" in economics: he benefits for something without paying for it. An example is the sailor who benefits from a lighthouse built by someone else.
A lighthouse and national defense are examples of public goods. The market would not provide those goods as it would be unable to charge a price to all users/consumers. It would be both unprofitable and impractical to attempt to do so. They suffer from what is known as the free rider problem.
The free-rider problem is often cited in economics as justification for taxes in order to compel most people to share the costs for public goods such as national defense or public education.
In fact, conservative economists have increasingly challenged whether the free rider problem really exists. Studies on the historical building of lighthouses reveal misconceptions about the economics of that issue, and the public expense of public schools have far outweighed their benefits.


March 2, 2021
How To Ferment Vegetables With Apple Cider Vinegar
To ferment vegetables, chop them into strips or chunks, then use a meat tenderizer to press the vegetables until they start to release their juices. Consequently, it is difficult to say how apple cider vinegar remedies heartburn.
Kombucha vs Apple Cider Vinegar Which Fermented Drink Is
Raw apple cider vinegar is made by fermenting apples or apple skins.
How to ferment vegetables with apple cider vinegar. Pour a pickling liquid of 5% salt, 5% apple cider vinegar and 90% water over the top until all cucumbers are below liquid level. Benefits of apple cider vinegar Then add the apple cider vinegar and honey once the water is warm.) so i take the warm tea with honey in the morning and evenings and before meals, i consume apple cider vinegar and stevia in cold water.
You can buy special vinegar making containers if you wish. For a ferment like apple cider vinegar, you can use sugar or honey in your ferment. I haven't made it myself yet, but it's on my list of fermented foods to make.
Ready to use vinegar contains dark and cloudy bacteria called 'mother'. If your brew is particularly strong, use 1/4 cup) how to brew: Salt & vinegar brine recipe:
You'll see the mother beginning to form on the bottom of the new vinegar bottle. We recommend a starter for these. Each fall, where i live, in the pacific northwest, there is one good fruit that always goes to waste:
The apple quantities are very approximate. How long should i let my vegetables ferment? The natural sugars within the fruit are broken down by the yeast and bacteria and turned into alcohol—this is the fermentation process.
The more you use for each litre of liquid the stronger the flavour. So, the probiotics contained in the jar will primarily be from the vinegar. If the vegetables were fermented the traditional way using water and salt, they would create a wider variety of bacteria than what is contained in the vinegar.
Read How To Groom A Maltese Shih Tzu
They're called acetic acid bacteria and these things eat booze for breakfast lunch and dinner, and the waste (acetic acid, the active part of vinegar) they l. In a glass jar, pour in your room temperature apple juice. Apple cider vinegar is also used in the american civil war as an antiseptic for cleaning wounds and the army continue to be used for the same purpose during world war i.
One study showed a 19% decrease in blood sugar levels when consuming 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar after a high carbohydrate meal. Far less risky when you use homegrown meats or eggs, and in general, the historic methods did not involve plopping. 3 tablespoons kosher salt + 1 1/2 tablespoons vinegar per quart of cold water.
(4) after four weeks, strain out the apples and pour your liquid back into the mason jar. I find it convenient to have a big bottle of bragg raw apple cider vinegar on hand to make dressings, drinks and to flavor vegetables. No ferment could be easier than homemade raw apple cider vinegar!
During this fermentation process alcohol is created. Perhaps, in that way, apple cider vinegar is like the prescription medications that "shut down" the stomach's acid pumps to stop heartburn. Apple cider vinegar is also used by the romans and the samurai warriors of japan as a herb for health, strength, and vitality.
How to preserve garlic in apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar is a prebiotic and naturally fermented food that supports and feeds the probiotics existing in the gut, contributing to a healthier environment in the body. You can ferment for a few days to about 6 months as a very general rule of thumb (some ferments might not last 6 months, it simply depends.) initially, the vegetables will just soften and the taste will alter a bit.
Read How To Work Honeywell Thermostat New
Made from grapes, this almost black vinegar is aged for many years. You'll need a container with a wide mouth to make this in. Vinegar (both fermented and acidic) can be added to salted water in order to aid in the prevention of unwanted bacteria and to embellish the flavor of the vegetables.
The flavor is complex, and it's used in dishes that can showcase the unique flavor. Preserving garlic in apple cider vinegar is extremely easy, requiring very few steps. Simply add a tablespoon of raw apple cider vinegar to the new bottle of pasteurized vinegar and allow it to sit for about a week.
Raw apple cider vinegar can also be used or a commercially produced vegetable starter culture (our least favourite option). (3) assemble your fermentools airlock system on top and place your jar in a cool, dark place to ferment for 4 weeks. These lack the necessary natural microbes to predictably ferment, and are likely to mould.
Acv is made by crushing fresh apples and letting them ferment in barrels with added yeast. It appears that the acid content in vinegar somehow tells the stomach to stop producing more acid. You may want to add vinegar if it's particularly warm (above 72° f).
While the vinegar is fermented, the vegetables have not been fermented. Vinegar is a solution which when raw, contains a healthy colony of fairly rowdy bacteria. A bowl or fermenting bucket is fine.
The result is one of the best natural remedies featured in 5 health benefits of apple cider vinegar & 50+ unique ways to use it!. Apple cider vinegar (acv) is apple cider that has been fermented using yeast. The alcohol then undergoes a second fermentation process, and voilà!
Read How To Shock A Well System
She guided me to 1) fill the glass jars with an assortment of chopped veggies 2) fill the jars half full with unpasteurized apple cider vinegar with some freshly squeezed lemon juice 3) fill the remaining half with water 4) add salt and shake up. Stir in salt and pour the mixture into a fermenting vessel, leaving at least 3 inches of space at the top of the jar. Traditional apple cider vinegar takes time to ferment, but it is worth the wait!
Bacteria is added to the mixture to convert the alcohol into vinegar which is known as second stage of fermentation. The best starter for vegetables is some brine from a previous batch.
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Most Famous Person With Last Name Hirt
Noteworthy contributions to history
Al Hirt
Al Hirt
Given name: Al
Birth date: Tuesday, November 7, 1922
Al Hirt is the most famous person named Hirt. Their Zodiac sign is ♏ Scorpio. Their most notable profession was Musician, bandleader. They are considered the most important person in history born with the last name of Hirt.
Their birthplace was New Orleans
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Hermann Hirt
#2 Hermann Hirt
Given name: Hermann
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August Hirt
#3 August Hirt
Given name: August
Thursday, April 28, 1898
Peter Hirt
#4 Peter Hirt
Given name: Peter
Wednesday, March 30, 1910
Aloys Hirt
#5 Aloys Hirt
Given name: Aloys
Wednesday, June 27, 1759
Susanne Hirt
#6 Susanne Hirt
Given name: Susanne
Wednesday, August 15, 1973
Hassan Hirt
#7 Hassan Hirt
Given name: Hassan
Wednesday, January 16, 1980
Egon Hirt
#8 Egon Hirt
Given name: Egon
Tuesday, August 16, 1960
Jan Hirt
#9 Jan Hirt
Given name: Jan
Monday, January 21, 1991
Ferenc Hirt
#10 Ferenc Hirt
Given name: Ferenc
Sunday, January 1, 1967
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text:
- Wash the watermelon and other fruit with cool running water and pat dry.
- Cut a very thick 2-3 inch slice lengthwise from the watermelon center of the watermelon using the large kitchen knife and slice off a long section of the rind along the bottom to form a straight base so the slice can stand up.
- Stand the slice up to create the body of the dinosaur on the serving platter.
- From the reserved watermelon rind use a dry erase marker to draw the desired shapes for a head and tail and use the pairing knife to carefully cut the shapes out.
- Attach the head and tail to the ends of the watermelon using toothpicks.
- Take strawberries and attach them stem down, with toothpicks, to the top of the watermelon wedge to create the dinosaur spikes.
- Cut half moon slices of oranges and attach them using toothpicks to the base of the wedge, to create the feet.
- Attach raisins or champagne grapes to the oranges to resemble claws of the dinosaur and eyes.
- Garnish with cut fruit and or use cookie cutters to cut dinosaur shapes from watermelon slices.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Yolanda is a given name, of Greek origin but existing in many languages, meaning Violet. The form of the name in Greek is Iolanthe. In Czech and Slovak the name is spelled Jolantha. It is spelled Jolanta in Polish.
People with the given name Yolanda[edit]
Songs about Yolanda[edit]


text:
In the arid and semiarid regions of North America, discrete precipitation pulses are important triggers for biological activity. The timing and magnitude of these pulses may differentially affect the activity of plants and microbes, combining to influence the C balance of desert ecosystems. Here, we evaluate how a "pulse" of water influences physiological activity in plants, soils and ecosystems, and how characteristics, such as precipitation pulse size and frequency are important controllers of biological and physical processes in arid land ecosystems. We show that pulse size regulates C balance by determining the temporal duration of activity for different components of the biota. Microbial respiration responds to very small events, but the relationship between pulse size and duration of activity likely saturates at moderate event sizes. Photosynthetic activity of vascular plants generally increases following relatively larger pulses or a series of small pulses. In this case, the duration of physiological activity is an increasing function of pulse size up to events that are infrequent in these hydroclimatological regions. This differential responsiveness of photosynthesis and respiration results in arid ecosystems acting as immediate C sources to the atmosphere following rainfall, with subsequent periods of C accumulation should pulse size be sufficient to initiate vascular plant activity. Using the average pulse size distributions in the North American deserts, a simple modeling exercise shows that net ecosystem exchange of CO2 is sensitive to changes in the event size distribution representative of wet and dry years. An important regulator of the pulse response is initial soil and canopy conditions and the physical structuring of bare soil and beneath canopy patches on the landscape. Initial condition influences responses to pulses of varying magnitude, while bare soil/beneath canopy patches interact to introduce nonlinearity in the relationship between pulse size and soil water response. Building on this conceptual framework and developing a greater understanding of the complexities of these ecohydrologic systems may enhance our ability to describe the ecology of desert ecosystems and their sensitivity to global change.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||15|
|State||Published - Oct 2004|
- Desert plants
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics


text:
Created with Sketch.
AULOSÒ: Finmeccanica Family of Passive Sensors
The name comes from an Ancient Greek wind instrument because AULOS® is a passive radar family system developed by SELEX Sistemi Integrati (now Finmeccanica) that exploits electromagnetic energy already present in the environment such as FM frequency radio and DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast - Terrestrial) emissions, and is completely environmentally friendly. The new green system is the result of many years of R&D, some undertaken in concert with the Terrestrial Armaments Department. It is a technologically advanced family of sensors developed entirely on the basis of a "soft radar" approach, involving signal sampling directly at carrier frequency using COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) devices for signal reception and digital processing. The resulting bi-band family offers great flexibility for potential use in a variety of operating conditions, along with enhanced target monitoring distance and position estimate performance
Di Lallo Anna Rita, Farina Alfonso, Fulcoli Riccardo, Immediata Sandro, Sedehi Matteo, Tilli Enrico, Timmoneri Luca
Paper for Specialistic Magazine
IEEE Aerospace & Electronics Systems Magazine
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Off-campus WSU users: To download campus access dissertations, please use the following link to log into our proxy server with your WSU access ID and password, then click the "Off-campus Download" button below.
Non-WSU users: Please talk to your librarian about requesting this dissertation through interlibrary loan.
Date of Award
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Timothy J. Gates
Analysis of traffic queues at signalized intersections which are in close proximity to highwayrailroad grade crossings is of primary importance for determining if the normal signal operation needs to be preempted for railroad operations by providing a special signal mode for safe clearance of the queued vehicles from the tracks before the train arrival, and prohibiting any conflicting traffic movements towards the crossing. Such queuing analysis becomes even more critical where direct observations of traffic queues are not possible or where the assessment is needed for a future location. Inadequate estimation of queues from signalized intersections to the nearby railroad grade crossing can lead to severe safety issues. Underestimation of queue lengths may lead to an unsafe design while significantly overestimated queues may cause unnecessary traffic delays consequently leading to violations of the active traffic control devices at the crossing. In order to determine an adequate approach for reasonable estimation of queue lengths at signalized intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings, this dissertation first evaluated and compared different currently used microscopic simulation-based methods (i.e. Sim-Traffic and VISSIM) for their adequacy in estimating the queue lengths. After that several comparisons are made between the queue estimation from the simulation-based and other deterministic analytical methods including Highway Capacity Software, Synchro, and Railroad Assessment Tool.
The comparisons drawn between each method helped identifying the differences and specific limitations of each method in including the impact of various important factors on the resulting queue estimation. The recommendations are provided on the basis of model capability to adequately count the impact of various significant traffic factors on queue estimation and considering minimizing the risk of underestimated queues.
Based on the analysis findings, a microscopic simulation based procedure is developed using Sim-Traffic for estimating the 95th percentile queue lengths on various existing signalized intersection configurations near highway-rail grade crossings to help evaluate the need for signal preemption. In addition, recommendations are developed, if preemption is necessary, for determining queue clearance distance and minimum track clearance time. The recommended procedure is developed considering minimizing the risk of underestimated queues or unsafe design at such locations, and simplify the design and decision-making process.
Chaudhry, Amna, "Analysis Of Queue Characteristics At Signalized Intersections Near Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing" (2016). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1368.