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Gardening Articles: Landscaping :: Yard & Garden Planning
Building Great Soil (page 5 of 5)
by Warren Schultz
Home Soil Audit
Bill Wolf, president of the board of directors of the Organic Materials Review Institute, suggests gardeners audit their soil like this: In spring, while soil is moist and warm (at least 55°F), find an area of the garden where the ground is covered by mulch or green manure, and dig up a chunk 1 foot square by 6 inches deep. Place the soil on a piece of wood or cardboard, and count the earthworms in the mass of soil. If you find 10 or more earthworms, your soil has good fertility.
Warren Schultz lives in Essex, Vermont and has been a frequent contributor to National Gardening.
Photography by Bill Lorenz and National Gardening Association.


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On the relationship between fog and low stratus and weather types over the Swiss Plateau
The relationship between persistent fog and low stratus (FLS) and weather types has been analysed in the extended winter season for the period _PHONE_. Ten automatic weather type classifications (WTCs) operationally computed at MeteoSwiss are considered. The capability to differentiate between days with and without FLS highly depends on the WTC. The best overall performance is found for WTCs based on sea level pressure and a large number of classes (GWT 26 MSL and CAP 27). Four out of 26 classes of GWT26MSL are able to represent 59% of all FLS days; eight classes already cover 85% of all FLS days. These FLS-prone classes are mainly characterized by a high pressure system near Switzerland and an easterly wind component. The frequency of FLS events is found to be roughly determined by the frequency of these weather types. Additionally, a clear seasonal cycle in the occurrence probability of FLS in those weather classes emerges. In December and January, the occurrence of the four most FLS-prone weather classes is a good predictor of interannual FLS varia-bility. A possible FLS forecast guidance is presented with tables showing the FLS fraction per weath-er class and month for all ten MeteoSwiss WTCs. There are indications that a part of the annual FLS frequency variability might not entirely be explained by the synoptic-scale flow alone and that other factors might have an influence. Further investigations are needed to shed more light on the effect of these factors and the robustness of the WTC approach with respect to this.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Cultural in Chamonix
Chamonix isn't just about being extreme on the slopes, there is a whole world of history, art and culture to discover too. Even if you're not a culture vulture, there are exhibitions, museums and artisans which will have you enthralled.
Chamonix has a mountaineering heritage and sense of adventure which has been at the root of the resort for hundreds of years. The mythical setting at the foot of Mont Blanc inspires artists and craftsmen, many of whom hold exhibitions or open up their workshops to visitors and the museums tell the often surprising history of the town.


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Agriculture - Overview
From butter churns to diesel tractors, the Museum's agricultural artifacts trace the story of Americans who work the land. Agricultural tools and machinery in the collections range from a John Deere plow of the 1830s to 20th-century cultivators and harvesters. The Museum's holdings also include overalls, aprons, and sunbonnets; farm photographs; milk cans and food jars; handmade horse collars; and some 200 oral histories of farm men and women in the South. Prints in the collections show hundreds of scenes of rural life. The politics of agriculture are part of the story, too, told in materials related to farm workers' unions and a group of artifacts donated by the family of the labor leader Cesar Chavez.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Science, Technology, Engineering & Math | News
Robot Set Helps Teach Math and Science
- By Dian Schaffhauser
Can robots teach math? That's what RobotsLab is promoting with the release of its latest robotics product, the Box, a kit of hardware and curriculum intended to teach Algebra 1 and 2, physics, geometry, trigonometry, and pre-calculus for grades seven through 12. The Box comes in two versions, one for $3,500, which includes four robots, a tablet computer that acts as the control station, accessories, and 50 lessons and quizzes. A "Deluxe" Box, which is $3,999, includes access to additional lessons throughout the year and an extended warranty.
Each lesson is an app on the tablet that controls the robots in the package. Every module comes with an instructional video, a touch-based lesson, a quiz, and additional teaching materials. For example, a robotic ball is used in lessons on quadratic equations, statistics, and probability; a robotic arm helps teach geometry lessons on triangles and angles as well as trig lessons on arc, length, sine, and cosine; and a "quadcopter" provides physics lessons in gravity, acceleration, and frame of reference.
| || |
RobotsLab's Box kits enable teachers to use robots to illustrate math concepts.
According to one lesson, the robots are used to "expose scientific principles providing a bridge between the abstract topics and the real world." In order to solve quizzes, the students have to work through equations, come to an understanding of physical forces, and perform scientific investigation.
The content has been vetted by a panel of teachers who reviewed, experienced, and tested the courses before the Box was launched. "You can open the Box, turn-on the preloaded tablet, and within minutes explain quadratic equations with a Quadcopter," said reviewer Peter Stone, a professor at the University of Texas, Austin."You don't need to be experienced with robotics or have a degree in computer science--just an enthusiasm for your subject area."
According to the company, the lessons align with Common Core State Standards as well as the standards mandated by the Texas Education Agency.
Dian Schaffhauser is a writer who covers technology and business for a number of publications. Contact her at _EMAIL_.


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A Fun & Educational Organization for Young Children, Ages 5-7 From 4-H!
4-H Cloverbuds is a unique program that helps build confident kids. Specially designed for youngsters ages five through seven, the program gets kids excited about learning! 4-H Cloverbuds use hands-on-learning activities to help kids explore art, plants and animals, science, and the environment. Youngsters also engage in group activities that promote personal development, healthy lifestyles, and a sense of citizenship. As a Cloverbud member, your child will attend fun-filled meetings that include a learning activity, recreation period and snack time. Trained Cloverbud parent volunteers lead the meetings. Cloverbud curriculum is based on sound child development principles and factual subject matter information.
Cloverbuds can help your child develop these critical life skills:
* Develop self understanding and confidence in a relaxed setting.
* Achieve success in learning and feel a positive sense of accomplishment.
* Learn how to get along with others and communicate in positive ways.
* Make new friends. Learn how to share, work together, compromise, and resolve conflict.
If you are interested joining or forming a 4-H Cloverbuds Club please call: _PHONE_
Click on the attached pdf file to download a copy of the Project Record for Cloverbuds: Cloverbud Project Record Form


Ordered Trees
An ordered tree is an oriented tree in which the children of a node are somehow "ordered."
If T1 and T2 are ordered trees then T1 ≠ T2 else T1 = T2.
Types of Ordered Trees
There are several types of ordered trees:
Fibonoacci Trees
A Fibonacci Tree (Fk) is defined by
Exercise: Draw the trees F0 through F5.
Binomial Trees
The Binomial Tree (Bk) consists of a node with k children. The first child is the root of a Bk-1 tree, the second is the root of a Bk-2 tree, etc.
Exercise: Draw the trees B0 through B5.
k-ary Trees
A k-ary tree is a tree in which the chilren of a node appear at distinct index positions in 0..k-1. This means the maximum number of children for a node is k.
Some k-ary trees have special names
You have to draw k-ary trees carefully. In a binary tree, if a node has one child, you can't draw a vertical line from the parent to the child. Every child in a binary tree is either a left or a right child; that must be made clear.
Representations of k-ary Trees
Since the subtrees of a node are both indexed and bounded, we can use an array for them. Here is an example for a 4-ary tree:
class Node {
 private Object data;
 private Node[] children;
You can also use an array for the whole tree
1 A
2 B
4 C
5 F
11 E
12 D
13 G
In a binary tree
In a k-ary tree
Exercise: Prove each of these statements.
Complete k-ary Trees
The array representation may waste a lot of space. The maximally space efficient k-ary tree is called a complete tree. A complete tree is completely filled out on every level, except perhaps on the last one, on which all we require is that all its nodes are "as far to the left as possible." Examples:
Complete trees can be packed into an array with no wasted space at all.
Perfect Trees
A perfect k-tree is a k-ary tree in which every node is either a 0-node or a k-node and all leaves are on the same level.
Perfect trees are sometimes called full trees, though some people say a full tree is just one in which every node is a 0-node or a k-node, without caring whether all leaves are on the same level or not.
The Size of k-ary Trees
For k = 2:
Level Nodes on
Nodes on levels
up to and
including this one
0 1 = 20 1 = 20+1–1
1 2 = 21 3 = 21+1–1
2 4 = 22 7 = 22+1–1
3 8 = 23 15 = 23+1–1
4 16 = 24 31 = 24+1–1
h 2h 2h+1–1
For arbitrary k:
Number of nodes on level h = kh, obviously
Let S(h) = the number of nodes in a perfect binary tree of height h. Let's find a closed form.
 S(h) = 1 + k + k2 + k3 +... + kh
 k × S(h) = k + k2 + k3 + k4 +... + kh+1
 k × S(h) - S(h) = kh+1-1
 (k-1) × S(h) = kh+1-1
 kh+1 - 1
 S(h) = ---------
 k - 1


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Tune of the Day: The Gobby O and Variations
This set of variations on the Irish tune "The Gobby-O" is taken from Chicago police officer Francis O'Neill's collection Waifs and Strays of Gaelic Melody, published in 1922. The tune became popular in American fife and drum repertory, especially under the title "Jefferson and Liberty", the name of a campaign song set to the melody.
One suggestion regarding the meaning of the title postulates a progressive derivation from "Gaberlunzie Boy" (i.e. beggar boy), shortened to "Gaby Boy", and finally morphing into "Gobby-O". Other sources say that the title refers to a 'gobby-stick' (a flute or fife), the inference being that these woodwind instruments are hollow sticks played with the mouth ('gob' is the Gaelic word for 'beak' or 'mouth').


Orchids Wiki
Coelogyne speciosa
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Coelogyne speciosa
Coelogyne speciosa
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Coelogyneae
SubTribe: Coelogyninae
Genus: Coelogyne
Species: Coel. speciosa
Binomial name
Coelogyne speciosa
Lindley 1834
Coelogyne speciosa is a species of Coelogyne found in East Asia.
Plants bloom from spring to summer with one to three 7.5 cm flowers per an inflorescence. Flowers are fragrant.
Coelogyne speciosa is found in Malaysia, Borneo, Java and Sumatra at elevations of 700 to 2000 meters growing on the rain forest floor and in trees.
Coelogyne speciosa plate
Coelogyne speciosa plate
Plants are usually grown in baskets. Plant grows in intermediate to warm temperatures with partial shade. Water regularly through the year. Pot in a well drain medium. Pot in a plastic or clay pot with a mix of fine fir bark, tree fern fibers, and perlite or pot in New Zealand sphagnum moss.
Coelogyne speciosa white Coelogyne speciosa variant Sepals and petals are white. Lip is red
Common name: The Beautiful Coelogyne
 1. Chelonanthera speciosa Bl. 1825
 2. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. fimbriata (J.J.Sm.) Gravend. 1999
 3. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. incarnata Gravend. 1999
 4. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. speciosa.
 5. Coelogyne speciosa var. fimbriata J.J.Sm. 1907
 6. Pleione speciosa (Blume) Kuntze 1891
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The Department of Education is committed to supporting all schools to undertake the required Nationally Consistent Collection of Data (NCCD) to ensure all students with disability are participating and engaged in learning and able to pursue life opportunities.
About the NCCD
All Australian schools are required to participate annually in the NCCD.
The national data collection reflects and supports the ongoing work of schools. The NCCD draws on teachers' professional judgement and practices throughout the year supporting students with disability to access and participate in education on the same basis as other students.
Under the NCCD model, teachers and school staff use their professional, informed judgement, based on evidence, to determine the level of adjustments students with disability receive, in both the classroom and whole school context, as well as the broad category of disability that relates to the adjustments.
The model for the NCCD is based on mandatory obligations to students under the national Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA) and Disability Standards for Education 2005. Understanding these legal obligations and the NCCD model is essential knowledge for principals and teachers.
What's new in 2018
From 1 January 2018, the Nationally Consistent Collection of Data on schools students with disability (NCCD) will be used by the Australian Government to calculate the students with disability loading in recurrent funding for schools provided by the Commonwealth to states and territories. Therefore, the quality and reliability of information gathered under the NCCD is critical.
School principals are responsible for verifying the accuracy of their school's NCCD data and validating that there is evidence at the school to support the inclusion of a student in the NCCD. This is a key responsibility given that the NCCD data will be used to inform funding provided by the Australian Government to Tasmania and may be the subject of audits or compliance activities.
The NCCD collection happens annually and is due for completion in August each year.
Teachers use their professional judgement to determine:
- which of their students are being provided with a reasonable adjustment because of disability, as defined in the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (the DDA) and the Disability Standards for Education 2005
- the level of adjustment that students with disability are being provided with, in both classroom and whole of school contexts
- the broad category of disability under which each student best fits.
The four levels of adjustments provided to students are:
- Support provided within quality differentiated teaching practice
- Supplementary adjustments
- Substantial adjustments
- Extensive adjustments
Evidence is required at the school to demonstrate that a student has been provided with an educational adjustment for a period of ten weeks or longer to meet specific needs associated with the disability and that the students' parents or carers have been consulted in relation to the nature of the educational adjustment.
Schools must complete this information in the Student Support System (SSS) in August every year, which must be approved by the school principal.
Each year in August, principals will verify data about students in their school receiving adjustments because of disability, based on evidences in the school.
Email communications will be sent to each school principal prior to the data collection period to remind them of the process and timeframes for recording the NCCD.
Frequently Asked Questions
- If students are transitioning from Year 6 to Year 7 which school undertakes the NCCD work? The Year 6 school collects the data.
- If students are transitioning from Year 10 to Year 11 which school undertakes the NCCD work? The Year 10 school collects the data.
- Who undertakes the process if the student is enrolled in two different schools? Only the school where the student spends the most days each week.
- Does the collection include Kindergarten students? No. Only students in Prep to Year 12.
Further information is available at Nationally Consistent Collection of Data (NCCD).
For further information or advice in relation to the NCCD, contact Disability Services, via email at: _EMAIL_


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It's so beautiful on the country side and it's so healthy for the kids to get a lot of fresh air. It's time to get out of the city and into the Nature. This week, we release two new activities in Mingoville Virtual World. The first activity is a new Nature map where the kids learn English while playing with Esmeralda and exploring the Nature. The other English activity is a new educational game that takes the kids fishing for English words. It's all about fun English learning.
Explore Nature and Learn the English Words
On Mingoville's new map Nature, the kids can now enjoy the fresh air out in the nature together with Esmeralda. Esmeralda is Bob and Candy's aunt in Mingoville. Esmeralda will take the kids on a tour around Nature. The activity is developed to let the kids practice the vocabulary learned in Mission 4 in Mingoville School; Nature and Season.
Esmeralda will ask the students to go and find different words that relate to Nature and Seasons – that could be fire camp, flowers, clouds, skies, trees, etc. If the students are good, they will get a reward for their effort. It's kind of a treasure hunt as they have to find their reward in the end by guessing the hint from Esmeralda.
The English exercise is based on both listening to the word as well as recognizing the words in order to be able to find them. We recommend that the students work with the English exercises of Mission 4 in Mingoville School prior to exploring Nature in Mingoville Virtual World.
Go Fishing and Do Some Spelling
In Nature, the kids can also learn English going on a fishing trip. When fishing on the Mingo Lake, the students have to catch the fish in the water with their fishing rod. For every fish they catch, they earn points. However, some fish have a letter in the stomach. If the kids can spell the word illustrated in the upper left corner by catching the fish with the right letter, they get bonus points. If they catch other things like boots, they lose points.
The game is on time and the student has to reach the target – it means, they have to reach the goal set within the time frame which is typically between 60-120 seconds.
The Fishing game has several levels. In the first level, the kid can get around with "just" catching fish to reach the target. However in level two or level three, they cannot reach the target without catching in the bonus – they need to spell the word to go to the next level. The higher the level, the tougher it gets.
All words to be spelled are from Mission 4 in Mingoville School; Nature and Seasons. If the kids cannot spell the words, we recommend they complete activity 1-8 in Mission 4.
We hope you have a lot of fun – if there is something you don't understand or have suggestion on things we need to do, feel free to comment


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Skip to Main Content
Your organization might have access to this article on the publisher's site. To check, click on this link:_URL_
Many circuit functions can now be realized using digital rather than analog techniques. The application of digital signal processing (DSP) technology for the implementation of the feedback control loop of a scanning tunneling microscope is discussed. A system that utilizes a commercially available PC AT‐compatible plug‐in card based on the Texas Instruments TMS320 series of digital processing chips to implement a loop controller of the proportional‐integral‐differential type is described. The advantages afforded by DSP in comparison to analog systems include greater flexibility in the choice of the signal processing algorithm and greater ease of control of loop parameters by the host computer.


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All procedures in the Verilog HDL are specified within one of the following four statements:
-- initial construct
-- always construct
The initial and always constructs are enabled at the beginning of a simulation. The initial construct shall execute only once and its activity shall cease when the statement has finished. In contrast, the always construct shall execute repeatedly. Its activity shall cease only when the simulation is terminated. There shall be no implied order of execution between initial and always constructs. The initial constructs need not be scheduled and executed before the always constructs. There shall be no limit to the number of initial and always constructs that can be defined in a module
An initial block consists of a statement or a group of statements enclosed in begin... end or a signle statement, which will be executed only once at simulation time 0. If there is more than one block they execute concurrently and independently. The initial block is normally used for initialisation, monitoring, generating wave forms (eg, clock pulses) and processes which are executed once in a simulation. An example of initialisation and wave generation is given below
clock = 1'b0; // variable initialization
begin // multiple statements have to be grouped
alpha = 0;
#10 alpha = 1; // waveform generation
#20 alpha = 0;
#5 alpha = 1;
#7 alpha = 0;
#10 alpha = 1;
#20 alpha = 0;
An always block is similar to the initial block, but the statements inside an always block will repeated continuously, in a looping fashion, until stopped by $finish or $stop.
NOTE: the $finish command actually terminates the simulation where as $stop. merely pauses it and awaits further instructions. Thus $finish is the preferred command unless you are using an interactive version of the simulator.
One way to simulate a clock pulse is shown in the example below. Note, this is not the best way to simulate a clock. See the section on the forever loop for a better method.
initial clock = 1'b0; // start the clock at 0
always #10 clock = ~clock; // toggle every 10 time units
initial #5000 $finish // end the simulation after 5000 time units
Tasks and functions can bu used to in much the same manner but there are some important differences that must be noted.
A function is unable to enable a task however functions can enable other functions.
A function will carry out its required duty in zero simulation time.
Within a function, no event, delay or timing control statements are permitted.
In the invocation of a function their must be at least one argument to be passed.
Functions will only return a single value and can not use either output or inout statements.
Functions are synthesysable.
Disable statements canot be used.
Function canot have numblocking statements.
module function_calling(a, b,c);
input a, b ;
input a, b;
myfunction = (a+b);
assign c = myfunction (a,b);
Tasks are capable of enabling a function as well as enabling other versions of a Task
Tasks also run with a zero simulation however they can if required be executed in a non zero simulation time.
Tasks are allowed to contain any of these statements.
A task is allowed to use zero or more arguments which are of type output, input or inout.
A Task is unable to return a value but has the facility to pass multiple values via the output and inout statements.
Tasks are not synthesisable.
Disable statements can be used.
reg clock, red, amber, green;
parameter on = 1, off = 0, red_tics = 350,
amber_tics = 30, green_tics = 200;
// initialize colors.
initial red = off;
initial amber =


len
 (node : DevicePtr)
 (map : DevicePtr)
 (distances : DevicePtr)
 (minDist : DevicePtr)
 (minIndex : DevicePtr)
 // index into the original map, assuming
 // a node is a single entity
 let mapI = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x
 // actual position of the node component in the map
 let i = mapI + threadIdx.x
 if i < len then
 // index into the node
 let j = threadIdx.x % nodeLen
 if threadIdx.x % nodeLen = 0 then
 minIndex.[blockIdx.x] <- -1
 // find the minimum among threads
 let k = mapI + threadIdx.x
 let mutable sum = 0.
 for j = k to k + nodeLen - 1 do
 sum <- sum + distances.[j]
 minDist.[blockIdx.x] <- sum
 minIndex.[blockIdx.x] <- k / nodeLen
 @> |> defineKernelFunc
This kernel function only stores "winning" (minimal) distances within each section of the map. Now they need to be reduced to one value per node. There are 1905 blocks and 10000 nodes. 10000 minimum values are computed in one pass over the 1905 * 10000-length array of accumulated minimal distances:
 let minDists = dMinDists.ToHost()
 let indices = dMinIndices.ToHost()
 let mins = (Array.zeroCreate nodes.Length)
 for i = 0 to nodes.Length - 1 do
 let baseI = i * nBlocks
 let mutable min = minDists.[baseI]
 mins.[i] <- indices.[baseI]
 for j = 1 to nBlocks - 1 do
 if minDists.[baseI + j] < min then
 min <-minDists.[baseI + j]
And we are done. The improved version beats all the rest of my algorithms. Since all of these performance improvements looked so "juicy", I decided it was high time to abandon managed code and go back to the C++ world. Especially since writing C++ code is not going to be so different: no annoying loops to write, just express it linearly and reap the massively parallel goodness.
Computing Self-Organizing Maps in a Massively Parallel Way with CUDA. Part 1: F#
September 24, 2013 1 comment
By 2017, it is expected that GPUs will no longer be an external accelerator to a CPU; instead, CPUs and GPUs will be integrated on the same die with a unified memory architecture. Such a system eliminates some of accelerator architectures' historical challenges, including requiring the programmer to manage multiple memory spaces, suffering from bandwidth limitations from an interface such as PCI Express for transfers between CPUs and GPUs, and the system-level energy overheads for both chip crossings and replicated chip infrastructure.
Alan Tatourian.
This is going to be all about parallelism, CUDA, performance, and new direction in software development. For me personally anyway. All the code mentioned below is here.
So, here we've got it. The need for SOMs. SOMs are wonderful for clustering and visualizing high dimensional data. Naturally, using the sacred principle of software development (best software engineers steal) I looked around for some existing code. Found this and this very fast. The first of these shows you very quickly what SOMs are and how to do build them step-by-step, while the second already has the C++ code that can just be taken as is and used for computing SOMs. Which was what I did.
In my experiments, I used around 12,000 12-dimensional nodes with a map of 200x200. On my puny i5 650 (3.2 Ghz), 8 Gb RAM, generating a SOM with these parameters takes around 4 hrs, maybe less. One "epoch" takes around 40 sec and I run 500 epochs, however, since the neighborhood of code vectors that gets trained in one epoch gradually diminishes, it is not a straight multiplication of 500 * 40.
These experiments have actually not yielded the results I was hoping for, perhaps because the training set is not large enough for the data I am trying to cluster. Be it as it may, more experiments are needed with a larger dataset, and I am already at the brink of feasibility as far as performance. It does increase linearly with the number of nodes. The C++ code that I have (stolen) is actually pretty good, but it is single-threaded, so doing things in parallel seems to be a logical next step.
Step 0. CPU F#
At this point, I was actually interested more in performance improvements than in re-implementing SOM in F#. I did re-implement it in F#, but for my performance bench-marking I did not use the whole algorithm, just the first part where BMUs are calculated. Since BMU is a map vector that is closest to the given node, in order to compute one BMU it is necessary to iterate over the entire map. So computing BMUs for the entire set of nodes gets us the cost of O(n * d * m1 * m2) (m1, m2 are map dimensions, n is the length of the nodes array, d is dimensionality of each node vector). That's for one epoch only. And there are 500 of those. It adds up.
My F# implementation computed the BMU for one 12 dimensional node on a 200x200 SOM in a whopping 140 ms. Vs just 4ms for C++. I did expect a perfromance drop from C++, I just did not expect it to be that drastic.
 member this.GetBMU (node : Node) =
 let min = ref Double.MaxValue
 let minI = ref -1
 let minJ = ref -1
 this.somMap |> Array2D.iteri (fun i j e ->
 let dist = getDistance e node this.Metric
 !minI,!minJ
Then I added parallelism. And Parallel.ForEach worked slightly better than Parallel.For.
 member this.GetBMUParallel (node : Node) =
 let monitor = new obj()
 let minList = ref []
 Partitioner.Create(0, fst dims),
 (fun () -> ref (Double.MaxValue, -1, -1)),
 (fun range state local ->
 let mutable(min, minI, minJ) =
 match!local with
 | m, i, j -> m, i, j
 for i = fst range to snd range - 1 do
 for j = 0 to snd this.Dimensions - 1 do
 let dist = getDistance this.somMap.[i, j] node this.Metric
 if dist < min then
 min <- dist; minI <- i; minJ <- j
 local := (min, minI, minJ)
 (fun local -> lock monitor (fun () ->
 match!local with
 | m, i, j when i > 0 ->
 minList := (m, i, j) ::!minList
 |_ -> ()
 ))) |> ignore
 let minTuple =!minList |> List.minBy (fun (x, i, j) -> x)
 match minTuple with
 | x, i, j -> i, j
Nothing fancy here. Split the first dimension of the map into chunks and try processing them as much as possible in parallel, by utilizing all the 4 logical cores. The inner loop could also be re-written the same way (to use Parallel.For or Parallel.ForEach), but it would probably not do much good since we are already as parallel as we can be. (And in reality it did not. Do any good, that is). While I expected an at least 4-fold performance increase, I did not get. I did get a 2 times increase. Now it only took 70 ms for one node.
Going massively parallel
At this point, things are really intuitive. If it were up to me, I'd do every calculation there is in parallel and then reduce them once they are done. If it takes, I dunno, say 0.001 mks to multiply 2 numbers in one processor thread, how long does it take to multiply 12000 * 12 * 2 numbers on 144000 processors? Obviously the same 0.001 ms. So the problem becomes almost constant in the number of nodes if we only could always have as many processors as the number of nodes * their dimensions.
Reality is of course vastly different but it does not have to be measured by the number 4 (of CPU cores). Thus, CUDA or OpenCL. I invested $166 in a Quadro K600 Graphics card, which has 192 cores and 1 Gb of on-board RAM. I still wanted to remain faithful to F#, so I looked for _URL_ CUDA framework. After briefly evaluating several such frameworks (and they are all in different stages of nascent at this point), I picked Alea.cuBase from QuantAlea.
The Framework
Alea.cuBase is pretty neat. I like the paradigm - using quotations to write CUDA code. The documentation is pretty good, gets you up and running very quickly, once the basic concepts of CUDA have been grasped


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In two previous articles Using Flexible Budgeting to Improve Sustainability Measures, Part 1 and Part 2, we demonstrated that the average intensity commonly used in sustainability reporting is problematic when used as a measure of efficiency improvement. We described how several factors, including changes in efficiency, impact average intensity, and demonstrated how flexible budgeting can be used to isolate and measure efficiency improvements more accurately. The focus of this article is to consider the impact of factory utilization on efficiency measurement. To be clear at the start, companies are constantly seeking to improve factory utilization most often by increasing production volumes. All other things being the same, increased production improves average intensity, but will not in itself create an efficiency improvement for environmental aspects.
When production volume changes, financial managers must recognize the dichotomy of fixed and variable costs. As activity increases, the total variable costs increase, but fixed costs remain constant resulting in lower average cost per unit. Similarly, companies often face both fixed and variable components for environmental aspects. As with budgeting for cost, one needs to first budget separately for the fixed and variable components of the environmental aspect. This article considers four examples based on water usage.
The base example is a single facility where production increases, all water usage is variable with production, and no efficiency improvements occur in the use of water. The second example builds on the first with the addition of a fixed component of water. The third example combines a fixed component of water with a decline in production. The last example demonstrates the measurement of average efficiency for a company with two facilities both experiencing production changes and improvements in water efficiency.
In the base example, manufacturing plant A uses water in the production process of X, and this water usage is totally variable (and linear). In year 1, plant A manufactures 20,000 bottles of output using 7,000 gallons of water in the process (see Table 1). This results in a water usage rate of 0.35 gallons per bottle of output (7,000/20,000) that also is the water intensity. In year 2, production increases to 28,000 bottles of output. Since there is no efficiency improvement and no fixed usage of water, total water usage increases proportionally to 9,800 gallons (0.35*28,000), i.e., the flexible budget and actual are the same. Water intensity remains the same as in year 1 (9,800/28,000 = 0.35). This example serves as the baseline for comparison because there is no change in efficiency.
In the second example, some water usage is fixed causing the water intensity to change with no change in efficiency. In this example, the manufacturing plant A uses 7,000 gallons of water to produce the same 20,000 bottles of output in year 1. However, 2,000 gallons of the 7,000 gallons used are fixed (see Table 2). The 5,000 gallon variable component yields a variable usage rate of 0.25 gallons of water per bottle of output. Note that the water intensity is still 0.35, the same as example 1 (7,000/20,000). In year 2, production again increases to 28,000 bottles of output. Total fixed water remains at 2,000 gallons and variable water used increases proportionally to 7,000 gallons (0.25*28,000). Again, efficiency is held constant so the flexible budget and actual results are the same. It is important to compare example 1 with example 2. In both cases water usage increases as production increases, but in example 2 water increases by a smaller amount (9,000 v. 9,800) because the fixed component does not increase. Therefore, one expects water intensity to decline at this higher level of production. In example 2, water intensity declines to 0.32 (9,000/28,000) in year 2. Because the fixed component of water usage causes a decline in water intensity when production increases, logically one expects that a decline in production with the fixed component of water will result in an increase in water intensity. This relationship is observed in example 3.
Example 3 begins with the same scenario for year 1 as in the previous example, but production declines to 15,000 bottles of output in year 2 (see Table 3). The fixed component of water usage remains constant at 2,000 gallons, but variable water usage declines to 3,750 gallons (0.25*15,000). Total water usage drops to 5,750 gallons, and water intensity increases as expected to 0.38 (5,750/15,000). Both examples 2 and 3 demonstrate that intensity is not a reliable metric of sustainability performance. The changes in water intensity shown in these examples may mislead the users about efficiency improvement or degradation.
Before exploring the last example, let's summarize what the previous examples have demonstrated. Holding efficiency and other factors constant, a fixed component of a sustainability aspect causes a decline in the intensity of that aspect when production increases and an increase in intensity when production falls. Therefore, intensity is not a useful measure of sustainability efficiency which must be measured using the flexible budgeting methodology we are demonstrating.
The last example is more complicated and more realistic of actual application (see Table 4). In this example, a company has two manufacturing facilities. The first facility is identical to plant A in example 2 for year 1. The second facility, plant B, manufactures Y and produces 100,000 tons in year 1. Both facilities have fixed and variable components of water usage. Plant A experiences an increase in production to 28,000 bottles in year 2, and plant B experiences a decline in production to 80,000 tons. Actual water usage is 8,900 gallons for plant A and 19,000 gallons for plant B. Water intensity in plant A decreases from 0.35 in year 1 to 0.32 in year 2. In plant B, water intensity increases from 0.23 to 0.24.
The flexible budget for plant A in year 2 indicates 9,000 gallons of water would be used assuming no improvements in efficiency. However, actual usage is only 8,900, yielding an efficiency improvement of 1.1% [((9,000-8,900)/9,000)*100]. The flexible budget for plant B is 20,000 gallons of water in year 2 compared to 19,000 gallons that are actually used, indicating an efficiency improvement of 5% [((20,000-19,000)/20,000)*100]. Note that plant B experiences an improvement in water efficiency, but water intensity increased potentially giving users the erroneous impression that sustainability performance worsened.
The flexible budget methodology easily handles the calculation of changes in efficiency for the entire company. When both plants are analyzed in the aggregate, the total flexible budget amount for water is 29,000 gallons (9,000+20,000). Total actual usage is 27,900 gallons (8,900+19,000) resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of 3.8% [((29,000-27,900)/29,000)*100].
In calculating the overall average water intensity, many companies simply sum differing units of output, as in this example where product X is measured in bottles and product Y is measured in tons. A common solution to this problem is to convert physical measures of output to the sales value of output and then combine revenue totals. Unfortunately, this approach adds to the confounding factors impacting intensity measures when prices are changing. Note that differing output measures do not present a problem for the flexible budget approach. This is because the production output is used only to calculate the flexible budget value that in our example is expressed as gallons of water regardless of how units of production are measured. Notice that although water efficiency improves in example 4, overall water intensity increases. This is due to the fact the production mix shifts from the less water intensive product Y to the higher water intensive product X. This product mix shift dominates the efficiency improvement.In conclusion, the flexible budgeting approach to measuring changes in sustainability aspect efficiency correctly adjusts for the presence of fixed components of aspect consumption (or production as in the case of greenhouse gases). In contrast, intensity measures fail to adjust for the fixed and variable components of sustainability aspects and do not provide an accurate indication of the actual change in efficiency. When production volumes change, fixed components of sustainability aspects cause intensity measures to change even when there is no change in aspect efficiency.
As corporate responsibility reporting becomes mainstream around the globe, organizations look to CPAs to provide analysis and reliable measurements to monitor their sustainability performance. The AICPA urges its members to be the forerunners in the sustainability reporting movement by elevating its credibility. Therefore, in our next article, additional issues in the implementation of the flexible budgeting approach for measuring efficiency improvements will be explored. Specifically, we will discuss the challenges in defining the appropriate degree of refinement in segmenting a company, materiality considerations for fixed components, and issues relating to confounding factors influencing the sustainability aspect such as variations in the weather.
Jon Bartley, CPA, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Accounting and former Dean of the Poole College of Management, North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. You can reach Jon at _EMAIL_
Y.S. Al Chen, Ph.D., CPA, CITP, CGMA, CMA, CFM, is Professor of Accounting at the Poole College of Management, North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. You can reach Al at _EMAIL_
Stephen K. Harvey, M.S., M.B.A., P.E., is former Global Director of Environment


that loan is then paid back along with the water bill. In order to help them put money aside, a specific account is set up for every household concerned. At least 100 francs CFA (15 euro cents) are paid into the account per day, and these payments are monitored weekly by a committee, so that the cost of the basic service charge is spread over several months.
- In Morocco, as part of a major OBA contract for water capture and improving sanitation in the cities of Rabat and Tangiers, the company Veolia Environnement cooperated with the local government to set up a system to provide the poorest households with a connection, both for water and for sanitation as part of programme to provide low-cost connections.
 8) Where to obtain further information ?
PS Eau This association published an interesting document in French in conjunction with the Water Utility Partnership for Capacity Building (WUP) Africa "Improving poor urban populations' access to drinking water and sanitation – Collection of good practices in Sub-Saharan Africa". Dakar, 2004. See pages 21 to 44.
Contributions to this sheet
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7 Strategies to Make AI-Driven Wellness Solutions User-Friendly for All Employees
To uncover how to make AI-driven wellness solutions accessible to all, we've gathered seven insights from leaders at the forefront of employee wellness. From using plain language for accessibility to customizing wellness programs for engagement, these leaders offer invaluable tips for bridging the tech proficiency gap.
- Use Plain Language for Accessibility
- Familiar Interfaces Ease User Experience
- Incorporate Interactive On-Demand Assistance
- Enable Multilingual Support and Accessibility
- Involve Non-Technical Staff in Design
- Provide Training for Program Proficiency
- Customize Wellness Programs for Engagement
Use Plain Language for Accessibility
Minimizing technical language is essential to make AI-driven wellness solutions accessible to employees with a range of technical backgrounds.
Not everyone has grown up in the digital age; in fact, according to Bain research, workers aged 55 and older will exceed 25% of the workforce by 2031.
Steering clear of unnecessary jargon or complex terminology that might alienate users is advisable. Instead, using plain language that resonates with a broader audience, regardless of their technical expertise, is beneficial. It's important to consider the diverse educational and professional backgrounds of the workforce, ensuring that the language used is inclusive and easily comprehensible to all.
Source: James Root et al. (2023), "Better with Age: The Rising Importance of Older Workers," Bain. Available at: _URL_
Familiar Interfaces Ease User Experience
At our company, we've integrated Digital Wellness Coaches, AI-driven tools designed to enhance employee well-being. The key to ensuring their user-friendliness for all employees, irrespective of their tech-savviness, lies in simplicity and familiarity. One approach we took was to model the interface on popular social media platforms. Many of our staff, from the warehouse to the executive suite, were already comfortable with such platforms. This familiarity reduced the intimidation factor significantly. For instance, during our initial rollout, I personally witnessed a diverse group from various departments easily navigate through the wellness program, setting up their profiles, and accessing resources without any technical hiccups.
Incorporate Interactive On-Demand Assistance
As a CEO involved in different facets of my education company, I believe that continuous learning is crucial, even with AI-driven wellness solutions. My top tip is to incorporate an interactive help or virtual assistant within the application itself. Much like learning a new language, employees can access guided help on-demand and at their own pace, bringing adaptability to various technical abilities. This availability also lessens potential intimidation and confusion stemming from new AI technology, making wellness engagement more seamless and inclusive for everyone.
Enable Multilingual Support and Accessibility
Ensuring universal accessibility in AI-driven wellness solutions is crucial for diverse employee engagement. Through the integration of robust language support and the enabling of developer-mode output, these solutions become user-friendly for individuals with varying technical proficiency. This adaptation promotes inclusivity, allowing users to navigate and engage effortlessly in their preferred language. The intentional integration of language support features acknowledges the inherent diversity within user bases, aligning with the broader goal of making AI-driven wellness solutions universally accessible. This pragmatic approach eliminates potential barriers to participation, fostering a globally inclusive and linguistically diverse workforce, and ultimately positioning technology as an enabler of employee well-being.
Involve Non-Technical Staff in Design
Create a task force of non-technical employees to provide input on the design and functionality of AI-driven wellness solutions. Their perspectives will ensure the solutions are intuitive and user-friendly. For example, HR can select representatives from different departments and organize focus groups to gather their insights. By involving non-technical employees, the solutions can be tailored to meet the needs of the majority, leading to higher adoption and satisfaction rates.
Provide Training for Program Proficiency
It's important to ensure that the wellness program is accessible to all employees, regardless of their technical proficiency. One way to do this is to provide training and resources to help employees learn how to use the program effectively. This can include things like video tutorials, written instructions, and one-on-one support. In addition, it's important to make sure that the program is designed with the user in mind. This means making sure that the interface is intuitive and easy to navigate, and that the program is customized to meet the unique needs of each employee.
Customize Wellness Programs for Engagement
To ensure AI-driven wellness solutions are effective for employees across various generations, it's crucial to provide a customizable experience. I've learned through experience that the standard one-size-fits-all approach is not very effective. Nowadays, people like to personalize everything, and this should be the same for employee wellness programs.
Employees should be able to choose what they want in their wellness program. They should be able to pick the content they like and receive alerts for topics they're interested in. Ensuring they see the most important and relevant information when they log in is crucial. Using this preference for personalization can really help increase employee engagement with the intranet. By meeting each person's individual needs and preferences, the wellness program becomes more effective and appealing for everyone, regardless of their age, technical proficiency, or generational background.
Submit Your Answer
Would you like to submit an alternate answer to the question, "HR and employee wellness leaders, how do you ensure that AI-driven wellness solutions are user-friendly for all employees, regardless of their technical proficiency? Share one tip."
- The Future of Employee Wellness: Trends and Predictions for 2023 – Beni.fit
- 5 Tips to Ensure Your Employee Benefits and Wellness Programs Align
- Is It Time to Rethink Your Employee Wellness Strategy


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Book Buddies Program
Ms. Jeanette Rosenberg
Book Buddies is a research-based one-on-one tutorial program that supports reading instruction in the classroom. It enlists trained community volunteers to provide instruction to first and second grade students who need extra support in literacy acquisition. The program is in its 18th year of operation in the school division. There are approximately 120 tutor-student pairs who are supervised by eight reading specialists at five elementary schools.
Volunteers are trained to become effective tutors in a two-hour group session in September and a follow-up building-level session in January. They receive additional support throughout the year by the reading specialists at each school. A published manual is made available to the new tutors.
The reading coordinators write individualized lesson plans for each tutoring session. They assess the students three times a year, participate in scheduling, and maintain communication with the students' classroom teachers.
Research data shows that students are achieving, as evidenced by increases on measures of alphabet and word recognition. The Book Buddies Program has attracted widespread national attention at reading conferences and in national and international professional journals. It has been replicated throughout Virginia and around the nation. The Book Buddies Program is the recipient of the Virginia State Reading Association's 1997 Literacy Award.
Persons who are interested in volunteering in the Book Buddies Program may obtain additional information by calling _PHONE_.


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I am using replacements/transformations generated using the matched pair node. There are several potential problems with the transformations that stop the Combinatorial enumeration node. Its laborious to delete the problematic transformations and start loop again.
It would be great if the emumeration goes ahead regardless of problems like ERROR Combinatorial Reaction Enumeration (beta) Execute failed: Dearomatization groups: internal error: atom_aromatic_connectivity < 0.
Just return a null or an error in the output. This skipping errors is particularly important when there are a large no of transformations. Same goes for Molecule transformation node.


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Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT)
Moral Reconation Therapy is a systematic treatment strategy that seeks to decrease recidivism among juvenile and adult criminal and substance abuse offenders by increasing moral reasoning. Its cognitive-behavioral approach combines elements from a variety of psychological traditions to progressively address ego, social, moral, and positive behavioral growth. Traditionally, Moral Reconation Therapy takes the form of group and individual counseling using structured group exercises and prescribed homework assignments. The Moral Reconation Therapy workbook is structured around 16 objectively defined steps focusing on seven basic treatment issues: confrontation of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors; assessment of current relationships; reinforcement of positive behavior and habits; positive identity formation; enhancement of self-concept; decrease in hedonism and development of frustration tolerance; and development of higher stages of moral reasoning. Under normal outpatient MRT, participants meet in groups once or twice weekly and can complete all steps of the MRT program in a minimum of 3 to 6 months. The group is open ended and will have members at several different steps in the group at any given time.


1. Home
 2. Knowledge Base
 3. DataLog
 4. DropBox Conflicted Files
 1. Home
 2. Knowledge Base
 3. ClickForms
 4. DropBox Conflicted Files
Dropbox doesn't contain any functionality that enables it to merge various copies into a single file. You will have to either go through all the instances of a single file by yourself or use a third-party software, if you can find one. Going by the manual way can particularly be very tiring as well a time consuming, but this is probably the only way you can be assured of not unintentionally erasing any critical change that was made to the parent file and saved in one of the copies.
Understanding the problem
Conflicted copies arise most commonly because two people have attempted to edit a file at the same time from different locations. Each person has a copy open on their end, they're constantly making changes, and then all of them try to save those changes, resulting in a complete mess like situation. This is one situation which Dropbox simply isn't equipped to resolve. Instead of making an assumption and deleting one version, or attempting to merge multiple versions on its own, Dropbox creates conflicting copies to preserve the work done across different locations.
Solution 1: Removing the conflicted files
If you simply wish to cleanly delete the conflicted variants of your document and continue with the existing primary document, that is as easy as it can be! All you've got to do is make sure you don't have any conflicting versions still networked in from any other location(s) and then go ahead and delete the conflicting versions from Dropbox. The problem stands resolved in an instance.
How to identify conflicted copies
Edit the files as usual, and then check for any conflicted files in the Dropbox folder. If there are any conflicting files indeed, they will appear as the following screenshot. Remove one of them to solve the conflicted file problem.
Conflicted copies detected
Solution 2: Use Read-only lock for Windows users
Windows users can use the Read-only attribute from the properties area of the files that are more likely to be conflicted. But this may be not an ideal solution when the user is dealing across multiple kinds of platforms.
 1. Right-click on the appropriate file, and select Properties.
 2. Select Read-only from the attribute list.
Solution 3: Use a folder named "Your Name –in USE"
Files are more likely to be conflicted when all the parties working on them, aren't aware of changes being continuously made to them. For this reason, use a separate folder and name it as In USE to signal to all the parties that files in this folder are being edited from edited from multiple locations simultaneously.
How to merge Dropbox files that have become conflicted
Now, if you want to preserve both sets of changes, that's going to be a little more tricky. Dropbox doesn't have any built-in solutions for such a situation, so you're going to need to work it out with third party tools or a manual solution. This can be a major pain or very easy, depending on what sort of file you're looking at, how familiar you are with iteration software for that file type, and how many differences exist between the versions.
In a worst-case scenario, you'll need to manually adjust one version to contain all of the appropriate content from the variants, then follow the previous set of instructions to delete the redundant versions. This can be very time consuming, but it well might be your only option if you want to preserve everything from two or more conflicted files.
Avoiding future conflicted copies
Once you've resolved the issue one way or the other, you can take further steps to avoid this in the future. Whether the issue arose because two or more people worked on the document at the same time or because you had it open on multiple systems, there are three ways to prevent it from arising in the future.
 - Improve communication between collaborators
 - Move documents that are being modified to a different subfolder, so only the most relevant people can access and edit them
 - Move documents from Dropbox to a local folder while they're being worked on, so nothing can possibly interfere
And there you have it—simple solutions to a common difficulty with Dropbox (and many similar backup and file sharing solutions). If mistakes are made again, and conflicted copies pop up, you'll know exactly what to do next time.
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I have found in my water after filtering and when I boil the water or freeze it into ice cubes, I sometimes get little white floating things in the water. What is this???
With respect to the little white floaters in the water after filtering, it is not bacteria but rather a problem that sometimes occurs with hard (heavily mineralized) water. When water is filtered through your system, the Black Berkey purification elements actually increase the PH of the water. This is healthful as Pathogenic bacteria and viruses thrive in acidic environments and conversely have difficulty surviving in alkaline environments. This is also true inside your body. When the PH level of the purified water is raised, the acidity of the water goes down and the water is no longer able to hold as many minerals in solution. When this happens the minerals begin to precipitate out over time and depending on the mineral composition they will either sink to the bottom or float to the top. This process is known as flocculation and the precipitated minerals are usually referred to as "white floaters". The bottom line is that this is nothing to be concerned about, the white floaters are minerals that were already in your water; they are now simply visible whereas they were previously invisible due to their suspension in an ionic form.


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Oregon Elects First-Ever Kid Governor to Help Fight Bullying
11-year-old Dom Peters has a three-point plan to combat bullying across the state.
Oregon Kid's Governor
Earlier this month, 11-year-old Dom Peters was elected first-ever Kid Governor in the state of Oregon. He ran on an anti-bullying platform and was voted in by a majority of the state's 5th-graders. A victim of bullying himself, Peters understands the pain that comes from being picked on at school or online and promised to create a comprehensive plan that ensures bullying is taken seriously in Oregon.
What even is a Kid Governor? And what powers do they hold? The Kid Governor Program began in Connecticut in 2015 and is designed to encourage students to learn about government while exploring their passion for a specific issue. Each year, a new student is elected and given a platform upon which to help raise awareness and propose changes that could make a difference in their communities.
Oregon is only the second state to join the program by creating a state-wide 'office' for civic-minded kids, and elected officials pulled out all the stops for its first-ever Kid Governor inauguration ceremony. Several top lawmakers were in attendance including Senator Peter Courtney, who spoke about the three branches of American government. Kid Governor Peters then gave his inaugural address, in which he laid out his "three-point plan" to help combat bullying at school and on the internet.
Dom Peters signing his official Oath of Office. Oregon Secretary of State Dennis Richardson
Fatherly IQ
 Paid leave and child care
 Climate change and the environment
 Jobs and the economy
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Obviously, bullying remains a serious issue for kids across the country, as they're no longer just susceptible to teasing and harassment on the school playground. And it's clear that Peter's platform resonated with other fifth-graders. Hopefully, he can use his time in office to enact some positive change for Oregon students, not to mention learn a few things that might help get him elected to higher office someday down the road.


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Here is another video for my ESL English students to help build listening skills and vocabulary comprehension. This ESL listening exercise will also be used as a quiz and for the final exam.
ESL Listening Test Video
- What did the man do before working?
- How long did he work?
- What did he hurt?
- What happened after he was hurt?
- What happened after that?
- What does he have now?
- Why does he think he is lucky?


Sculpture Surface Gloss Requirements and Measurement
From:Linshang Time:2020/03/24 10:30:00 Browse:143
The gloss and color of the sculpture surface are two important appearance characteristics. If the sculpture surface lacks gloss, it will appear dull and old. In order to control the appearance quality of the sculpture, its glossiness needs to be measured with gloss tester.
1. What does the surface gloss of a sculpture mean?
It is often said that the surface gloss of a sculpture is the reflection under the condition that its surface is rough. The reflected light has a clear directionality, which is generally called specular reflection. Use this property in optical materials to achieve a variety of applications. However, the surface of most materials is not completely smooth, so when the light hits the rough sculpture surface, a considerable diffuse reflection occurs.
2. Sculpture surface gloss requirements
Different sculpture products have different requirements for their surface gloss. Manufacturers need to strictly control the gloss quality of products according to customer requirements.
 For urban sculpture, it is an art exhibition that records the history and culture of the city. In order to obtain a better appearance, strict requirements are required for its surface gloss and color. Whether the gloss is too high or too low, it will affect the overall display effect. To accurately evaluate the surface gloss of a sculpture, a special instrument is needed for measurement.
3. Gloss tester measures the surface gloss of sculptures
To measure the surface gloss of a sculpture, a gloss tester is used. Most gloss testers measure the specular reflectance of the object surface, that is, the specular gloss.
 Linshang LS192 gloss tester has real-time temperature compensation function. No matter what temperature environment, it can ensure the stability of the instrument, making the measurement results stable and reliable.
gloss tester
When using a gloss tester to control the surface gloss quality of a sculpture, users need to specify the measurement angle used by the instrument. Customers use the same instrument to measure and then compare the measurement results. The general angle on the market is a 60-degree angle. Like the general-purpose 60-degree gloss tester LS192 from Linshang Technology, the measurement range reaches 1000GU. High-gloss and low-gloss materials can be tested because gloss is a relative value. When there is no uniform standard in the industry, the LS192 gloss tester can be used for testing. If the industry has a uniform standard, it is best to use the same angle gloss tester for testing. Therefore, when selecting the measurement angle, you should choose differently according to different situations.
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What do the accounts.handlers and backend.handlers found in the documentation mean?
To register it into the engine just use the 'ACHIEVEMENT_CLASSES' attribute in your settings like that :
# Achievements conf
 ACHIEVEMENT_CLASSES = ['accounts.handlers', 'backend.handlers']
The file where the classes are defined are not important, but try to avoid conflicts of naming by avoiding to use the name achievements.py.
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The handler is the file where you write your achievement classes, like it says in the prior step, Create your first achievement.
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How to Audit SQL Server Logins
Native Auditing vs. Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server
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Native Auditing Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server
To audit SQL Server logins, we need to configure SQL Server Auditing settings, which were introduced in SQL Server Database 2008.
 1. Connect the SQL server instance via SQL Server Management Studio.
 2. Navigate to Security → Right-click "Audits" and select "New audit" → Type in an name for the audit and select the location where the SQL Server audit logs will be stored → Click "OK" → Right-click the newly created audit and select "Enable audit".
 3. Right-click "Server Audit Specification" and select "New Server Audit Specification" → Type in an appropriate name → Select the new audit from the audit drop-down menu → In the "Audit action type" column, select "Failed Login Group" and "Successful Login Group" → Click "OK" → Right-click on the newly created server audit specification and select "Enable server audit specification".
 4. To view the SQL Server audit login trail, navigate to Security | Audits → Right-click the newly created audit and select "View Audit Logs"
Now you can read all login audit events in your SQL database.
How to Audit SQL Server Logins - Native Auditing
 1. Open Netwrix Auditor → Navigate to Reports | Predefined | SQL Server | All SQL Server Logons → Click "View".
Now you can view all users that access your SQL database.
How to Audit SQL Server Logins - Netwrix Auditor
Enable SQL Server Login Auditing to Protect Your Sensitive Databases from Unauthorized Access
Monitoring successful logins to SQL Server is essential for getting information about who is accessing your database. For example, when a suspicious user logs on to a sensitive database, you need perform an security investigation immediately. You also need to monitor failed logon attempts. While a certain number of failed logon attempts are to be expected during normal business operations, an unusually large number of failed login attempts can indicate that an attacker or malicious software is attempting to get inside your database by guessing user names and passwords. Enabling SQL login auditing will help you detect insider and outsider threats in time to protect your SQL databases against data breaches. These capabilities are included in SQL Server audit services, but this is not a very convenient solution because truly suspicious events get buried in the huge amount of noise data.
Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server provides complete visibility into and control over changes and access events in SQL databases, including auditing of successful and failed logon attempts from Active Directory or locally. The application comes with a broad set of predefined reports, including the "All SQL Server Logons" report, which enables you to easily audit both failed and successful login attempts. It provides all the critical who-what-when-where details you need to streamline auditing of attempts to log on to the database or SQL Server Management Studio so you can minimize the risk of a security breach. Plus, you can store your complete SQL Server audit trail for years in the cost-effective two-tiered (SQL database + file-based) storage.


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Sherwood Larned Washburn, the father of modern primatology who first glimpsed the evolution of human behavior in the actions of monkeys and apes, died Sunday from pneumonia at Alta Bates Medical Center. He was 88.
A professor of anthropology at UC Berkeley from 1958 to his retirement in 1978 and one of a small number of faculty members appointed as "University Professor" for the nine-campus system, Washburn virtually established the field of primatology in the 1950s following his studies on baboon colonies in Kenya.
For the next two decades, his theories dominated interpretations of human social evolution and his teachings inspired several generations of students.
"Sherry Washburn established at UC Berkeley the most influential program of the century for the study of primatology, of fossil man, and the biological and cultural evolution of humanity," UC Berkeley professor of anthropology J. Desmond Clark said in a statement. "Those who were his friends and those who continue his work will forever be in his debt. He will be missed the world over."
Washburn was the first to propose that tool use, hunting and a gender division in labor had been critical in human evolution. He also saw 40 years ago that humans had evolved from an ancestor that walked on its knuckles, like contemporary great apes – an idea that only this year has gripped the anthropological world anew.
In one of his famous articles on the evolution of man, a 1978 article in Scientific American, Washburn had this to say about knuckle-walking:
"Gorillas and chimpanzees (and the men who play some of the forward positions in American football), however, have developed a form of locomotion called knuckle walking that enables the apes (if not the football players) to walk normally as they carry objects between their fingers and their palm."
But it was his holistic approach, working from anatomy to function and behavior, that so inspired his students and colleagues.
"Sherwood Washburn changed the way we study human evolution," said professor of anthropology Adrienne Zihlman of UC Santa Cruz, and a former student. His influence was so pervasive, said Zihlman, that "everyone has adopted his approach but forgotten where it came from."
His lectures showing how bones, joints and muscles related to movement and social behavior in humans and other primates often won standing ovations from students.
Born on November 26, 1911, Washburn was the younger son of the dean of Cambridge's Episcopal Theological School. He received a bachelor's degree, summa cum laude, from Harvard College in 1935 and a doctorate in 1940, also from Harvard.
From a position at Columbia University as assistant professor of anatomy, Washburn moved to the University of Chicago where he was professor of anthropology for 11 years and chair of the department.
During his career, Washburn won virtually every medal and prize given in his field, including the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Viking Fund Medal in 1960, the Huxley Medal in 1967 and the American Anthropological Association's Distinguished Service Award in 1983. The Fourth International Congress of Primatology was dedicated to his honor in 1972.
Washburn is survived by two sons, Sherwood of Brooklyn, and Stan of Berkeley and five grandchildren. His brother, Bradford, is founder of Boston's Museum of Science.
Memorial services will be announced.


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EU's largest marine protected area
The Scottish Government has submitted proposals to the EU that include plans for Europe's largest marine area of nature conservation in waters west of Scotland.
The designation of Hatton Bank as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), located approximately 500 km west of Lewis, would cover an area of more than 15,000 square kilometres.
Jonathan Hughes, IUCN Regional Councillor for West Europe and Director of Conservation at Scottish Wildlife Trust, commented:
"The announcement by the Scottish Government and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee of five candidate Special Areas of Conservation in the offshore zone around Scotland is welcome news for what remain some of the most heavily exploited seas in the world."
"Hatton Bank, a volcanic structure that stretches almost 500 km and up to 1,000 m in depth, will become the largest marine protected area in the European Union, helping safeguard a variety of soft and hard corals including Lophelia pertusa biogenic reefs."
"Scotland will in the next two years designate many more nationally important marine protected areas under the 2010 Marine (Scotland) Act, a long overdue piece of legislation which many IUCN Members campaigned for and helped shape."
"Ultimately the goal in Scotland is to achieve international targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity of having 10% of Scotland's seas protected. Securing such protection will not only benefit biodiversity, it should also increase productivity and help secure a future for those communities which depend on healthy oceans for their livelihoods. This is a prime example of a nature-based solution to the problem of declining marine productivity".
Hatton Bank would form part of a package of five new SACs in offshore waters to the west and north of Scotland. The new sites would contribute to the Marine Protected Areas network – an EU requirement under the Habitats Directive.
Read more here
Read more on the United Kingdom's biodiversity and action to conserve it in this month's Country Focus.


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Can you UseCodeTags in future? It makes your posts much easier to read, so you're more likely to get a useful reply. I've added them this time.
The question is all about the order constructors get called, and which constructors get called when an object is deserialized. Do you know what the rules are for that? Basically:
- The initial creation of the Dog object prints Animal/Dog, because superclass constructors are called first.
- The constructor of a serializable object is not called when deserializing. But if the superclass is not serializable, its constructor will be called. Change the code to make Animal serializable and you'll notice a change in the output.


Graph, Graph Revolution
Learning physics takes on a whole new role when juniors Ananda Sundararaman and Erin Yandel put it into action. Mr. Krehbiel's AP Physics B class played a innovative game called "Graph, Graph Revolution," which integrates fun into the classroom atmosphere. Seniors Jim Balboni and Logan Canady, along with the rest of the class, are prompted with a time vs. position graph, and have to act like the particle depicted, speeding up and slowing down accordingly, doing so to the beat of the song playing.
Photo credit: Jaclyn Martin


Beetroot Paratha (Beetroot Flat bread)
Beetroot paratha is a easy,tasty and nutritional great lunch box option for kids. Beetroot puree, onion, coriander leaves and green chillies are required to prepare this healthy flat bread.
Preparation time: 15 minutes
Cooking time: 25 minutes
Makes: 8 to 10 paratha
 1. Beetroot: 2 medium sized
 2. Whole wheat flour: 2 cups
 3. Onion: 1 to 2 medium sized finely chopped
 4. Green chillies: 2 to 3 finely chopped
 5. Coriander leaves: few leaves finely chopped
 6. Salt: 1 teaspoon
 7. Cumin seeds: 1 tablespoon
 8. Lemon juice: 1 tablespoon
 9. Oil/ Butter: 3 tablespoon for frying paratha
 1. Boil Beetroot in pressure cooker for 10 minutes till soft. Peel skin and cut into 4 pieces. Prepare puree and keep ready.img_6268
 2. Take a bowl. Put wheat flour, beetroot puree, salt, cumin seeds, chopped onion, chopped coriander leaves,green chillies and lemon juice and mix well. If required add very little water and prepare a soft dough. Keep aside for 5 minutes.img_6271
 3. Divide the prepared dough into 8 to 10 equal size balls.
 4. Roll dough into a 6 to 8 inches diameter paratha.
 5. Heat a nonstick pan and fry paratha to golden brown adding some butter or oil.
 6. Flip paratha and fry on the other side also to golden brown adding some butter.
 7. Prepare all parathas similarly.Serve paratha along with some curry or pickle and curd.img_6329
 1. Similarly you can prepare carrot puree and prepare dough to prepare carrot paratha.img_6274
 2. Serve carrot paratha along with any curry or yogurt and pickle.img_6347
 3. You can also prepare mixed carrot & beetroot paratha(take small portion of prepared beetroot dough and carrot dough and roll into paratha).
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Floors are all walkable surfaces in a building, and ceilings are all surfaces above us.
When considering the thermal insulation of floors and ceilings, we must take into account their position and intended use.
We must take into account the transmittance of sound through floors and ceilings, and identify the wall's cold and heated side. All of the above determines the appropriate sequence of layers to ensure a balanced moisture transmission. This is all the more important in heated spaces that border either on cold spaces or the surrounding, as well as in permanently cooled spaces (cooling units), where temperature must be kept constantly low.


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It may no longer be relevant but I happen to know the answer about getting unicode symbols out of Word and through to MobiPocket Creator. This is because I used to do this. Here is the answer - basically you needed to configure Word correctly.
Run Word to configure it to use Unicode, which is needed for symbols, when saving an HTML file. It will remember this setting. This also applies when it is called from within MobiPocket Creator.
- Start a new document then Save As.
- Save as type: Web page, filtered
- Tools/Web Options/Encoding: Change from Western European (Windows) to Unicode (UTF-8)
(That last crucial bit, Tools/Web Options/Encoding, is in the Save window.)


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Dictionary Meaning and Definition on 'Classic'
- characteristic of the classical artistic and literary traditions
- adhering to established standards and principles; "a classic proof" n
- a creation of the highest excellence
- an artist who has created classic works
- Classic \Clas"sic\, Classical \Clas"sic*al\, a. [L. classicus
relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially
to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from
classis class: cf. F. classique. See Class, n.]
- Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform the stage. --Byron. Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject [Roman weights and coins]. --Arbuthnot.
- Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds. Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. --Mrs. Hemans. The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote. --Brande & C. He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates of his college. --Macaulay.
- Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style. Classical, provincial, and national synods. --Macaulay. Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.
- Classic \Clas"sic\, n.
- A work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language. In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic. --Macaulay.
- One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.
Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'Classic'
The word classic means something that is a perfect example of a particular style, something of lasting worth or with a timeless quality. The word can be an adjective (a classic car) or a noun (a classic of english literature). It denotes a particular quality in art, architecture, literature and other cultural artifacts. In commerce, products are named 'classic' to denote a long standing popular version or model, to distinguish it from a newer variety. Classic is used to describe many major, long-standing sporting events. Colloquially, an everyday occurrence (e.g. a joke or mishap) may be described as 'an absolute classic'.
"Classic" should not be confused with classical, which refers specifically to certain cultural styles, especially in music and architecture.
The classics are the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, known as classical antiquity. Classics (without the definite article) can refer to the study of the humanities: philosophy, literature, history and the arts, as distinct from technical subjects.[See more about Classic at Dictionary 3.0 Encyclopedia]
Words and phrases related to 'Classic'
'Classic' in famous quotation sentence
* A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read. - Mark Twain
* It could be said that the AIDS pandemic is a classic own-goal scored by the human race against itself. - Anne
Click here for more related quotations on 'Classic'
Classic Sample Sentences in News
- Cardinal Bank Charity Classic Raises $250,000 for Local Charities
Cardinal Bank announced today that its annual Charity Classic has raised $250,000, bringing its eleven-year fundraising total to more than $2,785,000. Held on Monday Read more on this news related to 'Classic'
Byline: Sussex classic car show rallies up support for lifesaving charity Page Content: A classic car show which is celebrating its 20 th anniversary this year has chosen to commemorate the milestone by raising money to help save lives at sea. Organisers of the 20 th Ardingly Vintage and Classic Vehicle Show have pledged to support the Royal National Lifeboat Ins Read more on this news related to 'Classic'
- Revisit Alfred Hitchcock's classic films in screenings around L.A.
Classic Hollywood: The director's various silent and sound films will be screening at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater, LACMA and Cinefamily. Think of it as a Hitchcock-a-palooza. It may be the summer of such blockbuster spectacles as "Man of Steel," "The Lone Ranger" and "World War Z," but it's also the summer of movies by a real-life legend: Alfred Hitchcock. Read more on this news related to 'Classic'


Understanding Weight Normalized Deep Neural Networks with Rectified Linear Units
Bibtex »Metadata »Paper »Reviews »Supplemental »
Yixi Xu, Xiao Wang
This paper presents a general framework for norm-based capacity control for $L_{p,q}$ weight normalized deep neural networks. We establish the upper bound on the Rademacher complexities of this family. With an $L_{p,q}$ normalization where $q\le p^*$ and $1/p+1/p^{*}=1$, we discuss properties of a width-independent capacity control, which only depends on the depth by a square root term. We further analyze the approximation properties of $L_{p,q}$ weight normalized deep neural networks. In particular, for an $L_{1,\infty}$ weight normalized network, the approximation error can be controlled by the $L_1$ norm of the output layer, and the corresponding generalization error only depends on the architecture by the square root of the depth.


PolyDataFilters.delaunay_2d(tol=1e-05, alpha=0.0, offset=1.0, bound=False, inplace=False, edge_source=None, progress_bar=False)
Apply a 2D Delaunay filter along the best fitting plane.
This filter can be used to generate a 2d surface from a set of points on a plane. If you want to create a surface from a point cloud, see pyvista.DataSetFilters.reconstruct_surface().
tolfloat, optional
Specify a tolerance to control discarding of closely spaced points. This tolerance is specified as a fraction of the diagonal length of the bounding box of the points. Defaults to 1e-05.
alphafloat, optional
Specify alpha (or distance) value to control output of this filter. For a non-zero alpha value, only edges or triangles contained within a sphere centered at mesh vertices will be output. Otherwise, only triangles will be output. Defaults to 0.0.
offsetfloat, optional
Specify a multiplier to control the size of the initial, bounding Delaunay triangulation. Defaults to 1.0.
boundbool, optional
Boolean controls whether bounding triangulation points and associated triangles are included in the output. These are introduced as an initial triangulation to begin the triangulation process. This feature is nice for debugging output. Default False.
inplacebool, optional
If True, overwrite this mesh with the triangulated mesh. Default False.
edge_sourcepyvista.PolyData, optional
Specify the source object used to specify constrained edges and loops. If set, and lines/polygons are defined, a constrained triangulation is created. The lines/polygons are assumed to reference points in the input point set (i.e. point ids are identical in the input and source).
progress_barbool, optional
Display a progress bar to indicate progress. Default False.
Mesh from the 2D delaunay filter.
First, generate 30 points on circle and plot them.
>>> import pyvista
>>> points = pyvista.Polygon(n_sides=30).points
>>> circle = pyvista.PolyData(points)
>>> circle.plot(show_edges=True, point_size=15)
Use delaunay_2d() to fill the interior of the circle.
>>> filled_circle = circle.delaunay_2d()
>>> filled_circle.plot(show_edges=True, line_width=5)
See Create Triangulated Surface for more examples using this filter.


Scientific Attitudes?
Scientific attitude involves certain techniques to solve a problem. These techniques are objectivity, humility, skepticism, ability to accept failure and perseverance. The most useful scientific attitude is Bhaskara Rao scientific attitude, which involves certain steps to solve a problem.
1 Additional Answer Answer for: scientific attitudes
Essential Tenets of the Scientific Method
The scientific method offers scientists a basic example of how to conduct experiments to ensure that the experiments reach certain quality standards and that the conclusions that the experiments yield will be credible. Understanding the essential tenets... More »
Difficulty: Easy
Q&A Related to "Scientific Attitudes?"
A scientific attitude is an important aspect of a personality of someone who wants to be successful in the field of science. It requires rationality, inquisitiveness, and a need to
A first vital attitude a scientist must have is the belief that truth is evident and discoverable. A good scientist believes that the facts are there to be beheld, and he is willing
[Someone typed: "go tl helol, a way of responding without getting their answer removed. No, it wasn't me. Everything modern science does depends upon what's called the empirical
Some scientific attitudes are: empiricism, determinism, parsimony,
Explore this Topic
Scientific attitude is respecting facts. If you have a scientific attitude about life it simplifies things. Science is not complicated. Something is scientific...
The following is a list of the scientific attitudes: objectivity, curiosity, open mindedness, persistence, knowledgeability, creativity and flexibility. All these...
The scientific attitude is what defines how a scientist should be. Examples of a scientific attitude are logical, open-minded, persistent, consistent, honest and...


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To monitor passage behavior and passage timing for JSATS-tagged fish at dams on the Columbia River, researchers deploy cabled JSATS receivers across the powerhouse and spillway. Each cabled receiver consists of four hydrophones connected to a four-channel receiver linked to a high-end desktop computer (Figure 1). Within the computer are two multichannel digital signal processing cards, a Global Positioning System (GPS) card, and the software necessary to acquire and decode acoustic signals from JSATS transmitters. To monitor the primary routes of passage available to migrating fish, two hydrophones are installed at different elevations on every pier nose (one deep and one shallow) between turbine units and spillway bays. Receiver clocks are synchronized to the universal GPS clock, resulting in detection time accuracy on a single system of up to 250 nanoseconds and across multiple systems up to 500 nanoseconds. The time-of-arrival differences across multiple hydrophones are used to solve for the three-dimensional position of each tag transmission. These positions can then be used to form a precise three-dimensional track of the fish to determine the behavior or route of passage of tagged fish as they approach a dam.
More information on autonomous receivers and their deployment can be found at:


Council of Kadosh
Philosophical and Chivalric Degrees
NumberDegree NameNumberDegree Name
19Grand Pontiff25Knight of the Brazen Serpent
20Master of the Symbolic Lodge26Prince of Mercy
21Noachite or Prussian Knight27Knight Commander of the Temple
22Knight of the Royal Axe28Knight of the Sun
23Chief of the Tabernacle29Knight of St Andrew
24Prince of the Tabernacle30Knight Kadosh
The degrees encompassed by the Council of Kadosh are the 19th through 30th. Although Pike identifies them as chivalric or philosophical, they are all intensely mystical with respect to the lessons conveyed and symbols employed.
The Council degrees explain why morality and the practice of virtue are indispensable to Masons. The political lessons explain why intolerance, superstition and bigotry are special enemies of human freedom. The examination of widely varied religions seeks to explain the nature of Deity and the relationship between Him and mankind.
Comments are closed.


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Ready to try your hand at creating domain name art?
Here's a short how-to:
1. Choose a genre or make one up. Examples include haikus, palindromes, short and sweet witticisms, personal statements, expressions of undying love, calls to political action.
2. Cast it as a domain. You can use up to 63 letters, numbers, dashes, dots, and underscores, but no spaces.
3. Click on one of the domain name registrars in the Resources box to the left to create your domain name art - as a.com,.info,.tv, or whatever feels right!
It's as easy as 1 - 2 - 3!!


When setting up the Techdinamics Desktop Client, you might want to use a Generic USB scale to calculate the weight on the packing line.
Differently from specific scales (detailed here), Generic USB scales can be used, but it requires a few additional setup steps.
To set the scale up, you can follow the steps in this short video, or with the step-by-step instructions below.
To set up the Generic USB scale you will have to:
1. Access the Settings tab in the Techdinamics Desktop Client
2. Select Generic USB Scale from the Scale Model Dropdown
3. Complete the Scale Vendor ID (VID) and Scale Product ID (PID)*
4. Press Save to confirm the changes
* To obtain the Scale Vendor ID and Scale Product ID, you will have to:
1. Press the Windows Start menu button
2. Type "Device Manager" in the search bar and open it
3. Expand Human Interface Devices (HID)
4. Right Click in your USB Scale option and select Properties
5. Select the Details tab and obtain the information from the text


Chromium OS > Chromium OS Build >
Improving Build Times
A Chromium-based OS can take a long time to build. However, you can perform many optimizations to speed up this process. Currently, the Chromium OS build system is driven by bash scripts that don't detect what items have changed. If you blindly use these scripts, you will be overbuilding and wasting precious time.
This page goes through each of the bash(or python) scripts, explaining what they do and when you have to run them. Another source of information is the -h option for each script.
This script creates the local chroot environment using the a prebuilt SDK chroot and prebuilt packages. Use the --replace option to replace a previous chroot environment (re-running this command will not delete your previous chroot). Once it has created the local chroot environment, cros_sdk will also chroot into the SDK and set up basic enviroment. If you prefer to just build and not enter, please use the --download option. In terms of what you see, this is the development environment that all packages see when they are building. This script resides in chromite, but should be accessible in your PATH if you have recent enough depot_tools.
This script builds your Chromium source for use with Chromium OS (special flags and environment changes are necessary for this to happen correctly). It then packages Chromium into a ZIP file that is used in
This script must be run outside of the chroot environment and needs to be re-run whenever major Chromium changes happen. Since building Chromium takes a long time, unless you are making changes to Chromium, avoid syncing and rebuilding whenever possible. This script is based around the build process of Chromium and so it is more intelligent and will only build what is necessary. You can also test the resulting executable without running it on a Chromium OS system.
This script does most of the building. It runs through all the directories in third_party and under platform and runs their script. builds the.deb file for that package to be installed into the final Chromium OS image.
If you only make changes to one package, you only need to call its (from within chroot of course) and copy/install that deb to your Chromium OS device. This will save you a lot of time and prevent from having to rebuild the image every time. You will need to modify this script if you add any packages yourself.
This scripts builds the kernel.
Builds the Chromium OS image. This script goes through all the packages in the ~/src/build/x86/local_packages and all the other packages listed in the prod text file in package_repo to create the Chromium OS image. The image is then placed under ~/src/build/images. From here you can convert the image to a VMWare image or install it to a USB drive.