Am I a tobacco retailer?
A tobacco retailer means any person who sells, offers for sale, or does or offers to exchange for any form of consideration, tobacco, tobacco products, or tobacco paraphernalia. "Tobacco retailing" shall mean the doing of any of these things. This definition is without regard to the quantity sold, offered for sale, exchanged, or offered for exchange.
Show All Answers
1. How does a Tobacco Retailer License (TRL) work?
2. Am I a tobacco retailer?
3. What are tobacco products?
4. What is tobacco paraphernalia?
5. What is a significant tobacco retailer?
6. What is the minimum sale age for tobacco products?
7. I already have a state tobacco license issued by the California State Board of Equalization. Why do I need a tobacco license from the City?
8. What does the City's tobacco license require?
9. How much is the license?
10. How long is the license effective?
11. When must I re-apply for a license?
12. Is my Tobacco Retail License transferable if I sell my business or pass it down to a family member?
13. Can I sell tobacco from a mobile location such as a truck or car?
14. Will there be inspections?
15. What will happen if I am cited for a license violation during an inspection?
16. What if I no longer want to sell tobacco products?


Skip to definition.
Noun: morals mor-ulz [N. Amer], mó-rulz [Brit]
 1. Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
 - ethical motive, ethics, morality
Noun: moral mor-ul [N. Amer], mó-rul [Brit]
 1. The significance of a story or event
 "the moral of the story is to love thy neighbour";
 - lesson
Type of: import, meaning, motivation, motive, need, significance, signification
Encyclopedia: Morals


Skip to definition.
Noun: spirits spi-ruts
Usage: Brit
 1. An alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented
 - liquor, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink, spirit [Brit]
Noun: spirit spi-rit
 1. The vital principle or animating force within living things
 "a clergyman improved the spirit of the meeting";
 - tone, feel, feeling, flavor [US], flavour [Brit, Cdn], look, smell
 3. A fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character
 4. Any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings
 - disembodied spirit
 5. The state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection)
 "he was in good spirits"; "his spirit rose";
 - emotional state
 6. The intended meaning of a communication
 - intent, purport
 7. Animation and energy in action or expression
 - liveliness, life, sprightliness
 8. An inclination or tendency of a certain kind
 "he had a change of spirit";
 - heart
Verb: spirit spi-rit
 1. Infuse with spirit
 "The company spirited him up";
 - spirit up, inspirit
See also: lively
Type of: alcohol, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink, ambiance, ambience, animate, animation, atmosphere, brio, character, disposition, emotion, enliven, fiber [US], fibre [Brit, Cdn], import, inebriant, intoxicant, invigorate, invigoration, life principle, liven, liven up, meaning, significance, signification, spiritedness, spiritual being, supernatural being, temperament, vital principle, vivification
Encyclopedia: Spirits, Stars, and Spells
Spirit, WI


text:
Written by Kento Kamiyama PT, DPT
"I want to penetrate your corpus callosum" – Ron Hruska
In late September, I took the advanced course from PRI called Cervical Revolution with Ron Hruska the founder of Postural Restoration Institute (PRI). In one word, WOW. Ron Hruska saw something we did not a long time ago. He has such a different way of thinking that it was difficult to keep up that weekend but somehow…I feel like I came out of it a tad smarter. To be honest, this course was a little over my head once they went into the cranium and occlusions so I wanted to review a little more before posting a course review.
Cervical Revolution is a relatively new course because it used to be called Craniocervical-mandibular course. These notes are something I could gather up with a course that needs to be retaken several times to get a good grasp on it. Anyway…here we go.
**NOTE: As any course review, the material here does not have comprehensive information. For further understanding of the course please visit the postural restoration.com website and take the course**
In the beginning of the course some introductory remarks of the cervical cranial complex were reviewed. Instead of boring you with all the little facts I'll try to make it as simple as possible.
- Normal C2-7 lordosis is 30-35 degrees
- Our goal with Cervical revolution is to gain back normal C/S Lordosis
- Normal C2-7 flexion is 35-40 degrees
- Normal C2-7 extension is 55-60 degrees
- Normal Spinal Coupling in the C/S produces ipsilateral spinal coupling in rotation and sidebending. The OA joint, on the other hand, couples contra laterally. When rotation and side bending is opposite in the C/S it is considered pathological as per the course.
- C2 serves as an automatic shifting fulcrum or balance point for the mandible. Hence, C2 stability is crucial for jaw.
Cervical Spine Examination Tests:
With any other PRI courses, you learn how to make some orthopedic tests. In the cervical pattern, the most common pattern is the R TMCC pattern where it usually correlates with a L AIC and R BC pattern. Here were some of the new tests:
- Horizontal Abduction Test
- This is to test HG (Humeralgleno) horizontal abduction test. In a R TMCC pattern the left is commonly restricted
- Cervical Extension Test
- This is a test to check C/S Lordosis. Its surprising how many necks lost its lordosis when you test it.
- Cervical Axial Rotation
- You are looking at lower C/S rotation. This is cool because I never really thought of just looking at lower C/S Rotation more specifically. In supine, left lower C/S is more limited due to the positioning we are in with R TMCC/R BC patterns
- Cervical Lateral Flexion
- Cervical OA Lateral Flexion
The R TMCC Patterns:
The most common R TMCC patterns include Left side bending and R torsion as per the course. They do point out that other patterns exists but this is the most common. After 6 weeks of the course, clinically it seems to be true.
L Side bending
I don't want to go into too much osteokinematics because… I'm still not certain with some of the mechanics. I'm getting there but not quite yet. Simply put it is named when the the left greater wing of the sphenoid is lower. With these individuals, it is common to see their mandible lateral shifted to the left.
Gary Busey seems to be an easy one to see here. Check his mandible shifted to the left and how his eye line is slanted down to his left.
R torsion is when the greater wing is higher on the R while the occiput and sphenoid rotate around an sagittal axis in the opposite direction. This is usually a pattern that has a history of whiplash, visual instability, significant malocclusions, chronic anteriorly repositioned TMD discs, head trauma and dysautonomia. For these individuals, usually interdisciplinary work is necessary such as dental or visual work.
Note this individuals mandible shifted to the right. You may see more of this in a PEC/B TMCC patients. It is recommended to gain neutrality first then get multidisciplinary work to achieve long term results.
Use of a Dentist
Out of the 2 patterns, R torsions are likely to need this type of work. One of the greatest thing about this course was learning when it is good to refer out. I strongly believe in working inter-professionally to improve one's health. With all the PRI work, you may get the individual to be neutral. However, if they have visual disturbances or poor occlusion they may continue to go back to their dysfunctional state. Utilizing other disciplines can make the process much better. Good occlusion = good proprioceptive input.
Also try to avoid invisalign products with braces. Since they try to group the teeth together, they tend to cause dysfunctions. Who knew?
Miscellaneous Information I enjoyed:
- There are 200 muscle spindles per gram of muscle in the sub occipital region compared to only 16 muscle spindles per gram in the 1st lumbrical of the hand
- Most C/S dysfunction is associated with TMD (70%) than TMD alone (29%)
- The average chewing rate is 79.2 cycles/min. The slower the chewing rate, the better the masticatory performance and the smaller the food particles achieved (this is more important than you may think).
- Breathing and TMD is highly correlated such as mouth breathing. During mouth breathing, the mandible must be lowered, decreasing the tension in the supra hyoid muscles and allowing the hyoid downwards and backwards leading the pharyngeal air passage reducing. Therefore, to get adequate airflow, one will create forward head posture to bring the hyoid forward and back upwards.
- Tongue position is important! It is our more important orthodontic appliance we have. To maintain good maxilla shape, it is important to keep your tongue up on the roof of the mouth and sitting behind the front teeth
- If tongue is in the right position, every time you swallow the tongue spreads against the maxilla contributing to good cranial motion
- When giving PRI correctives, try to keep it as simple as possible. This is PT 101. The PRI correctives can be very complicated but if you are a experienced PRI practitioner or clinician, you'll know how to keep the cueing very simple. The instructors tend to know how to do that.
- With corrections of the cervical, it include TMJ, Eyes, Cervical and breathing coordination. All the rest of the correctives you learned in Postural/Pelvis/Myokin are important because it ultimately needs to be performed with….yes good breathing.
There was SO much depth to this course I definitely need to take it again.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
States and Provinces
Sonora and ''the Green Revolution''
- Technical Specifications
||During the 1940s, the state of Sonora was greatly aided trough great hydraulic works in the area of irrigation as well as the establishment of programs such as ''the Green Revolution'' and allocation of land programs in the Yaqui and Mayo valleys. In the long run, it suffered the effects of the various economic crises that began in the 1970s, which also affected livestock raising and mining. This period's major issues are centered on phenomena such as migration and the establishment of border-area maquiladoras, which began transforming the state's production profile beginning in the seventies. The end of this era would be marked by the death of Sonora's Luis Donaldo Colosio in 1994.
|| Juan Prieto Molina
|| Olga Cáceres
||Guión: Olga Cáceres
Editorial Clío, Libros y Videos Copyright © 2010

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Ask the Expert Question-and-Answer Archive
(Hard Chrome Plating)
by Larry Zitko, ChromeTech, Inc.
February, 2002
Hydrogen Embrittlement Failure
Q. I have a Hard Chrome bath operating at 247 g/l of chromic acid, 2.4 g/l of sulphuric. Operating temp 52 - 55 deg Celsius. Analytical results are within tolerance of the operating bath. I have to test the bath for hydrogen embrittlement IAW ASTM 519. Unfortunatly I am having constant failure on the notch samples which break under the 200 hour load test and cannot process quality approval for the bath release. Can you provide any answers on possibilities has to what is contributing to the failures?
A. The information you submitted did not mention anything about the alloy or hardness of the substrate material, or the pretreatment processes used, which are important considerations in the embrittlement process. I'll try to discuss the subject in general terms.
Hydrogen gas is liberated at the cathode during various pretreatment and electroplating processes. This active hydrogen can embrittle both the chromium deposit, and the steel substrate whenever the workpiece is cathodic (i.e. attached to the negative pole of a direct current power supply). Certain steels are more susceptible to embrittlement than others. Typically, hardened or high strength steels are especially susceptible. Steels that have been heat treated to a hardness of Rockwell C45 or higher are often at greatest risk. Also, tensile stresses can be introduced into the case of the workpiece, prior to plating, by the various machining operations (grinding, polishing, etc.) that may be performed.
The problem can become so severe as to cause the complete failure of a part which has been placed in service and subjected to loads. Typically this occurs when the combined or compounded stresses from the substrate itself, and the pretreatment and plating processes reduce the fatigue strength of the plated part below its fatigue limit.
The tensile stress in the substrate can be normally be reduced, prior to plating, by heat-treatment techniques or shot peening. Peening can sometimes convert the unwanted tensile stress to a more desirable compressive stress.
After plating, parts which are susceptible to embrittlement are often subjected to a heat treatment (baking) procedure, called "hydrogen embrittlement relief". Often, a temperature of 375 deg. F for 3 or more hours is used. Sometimes, specifications require that the embrittlement relief bake be performed within a certain number of hours after plating. The process serves to remove or redistribute the hydrogen, but may further reduce the fatigue limit of high strength steels. This phenomenon was described by R.A.F. Hammond and C. Williams ("Metallurgical Reviews", 5, 165, 1960) and again by J.K. Dennis and T.E. Such ("Nickel and Chromium Plating - Second Edition", 1986, p.72).
To reduce the adverse effects of hydrogen embrittlement, you can consider whether or not the following concepts are pertinent or applicable to your situation:
- Avoid or reduce pretreatment steps which can introduce hydrogen.
- Ensure the post-plate hydrogen embrittlement relief is effective.


package UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet; use strict; use warnings; use UDDI::HalfDecent::Record; ### At present, this class only represents sets of businesses. When # we implement more methods, it will need generalising to represent # sets of other kinds of record. =head1 NAME UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet - a set of results from a UDDI query =head1 SYNOPSIS $rs = $uddi->find_business(name => 'frog'); $n = $rs->count(); foreach $i (0.. $n-1) { $bi = $rs->record($i); } =head1 DESCRIPTION This is a container class which allows access to the multiple records found by various interrogation methods on a UDDI object. Depending on what method gave rise to the result-set it will contain different kinds of objects, e.g. C will yield a result-set of Business objects. In a parallel universe, there are ResultSet subclasses corresponding to each of the possible contained object types, but that's not how we do things here. =head1 METHODS =head2 new() $uddi = new UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet($uddi, $xpc, $node, $class); Creates and returns a new UDDI result-set object representing the result of a search. Note that B: it is invoked by the UDDI library itself, in methods such as C. This constructor takes four arguments: C<$uddi> is the UDDI object for which it is created, and which will be used for logging, etc; C<$xpc> is an XPath content with all relevant namespaces registered; and C<$node> is the context node of the list-containing element, which in general will be different from the context-node registered as part of the XPath context. (If you didn't understand that last bit, don't worry about it -- you won't be calling this constructor yourself, remember?) C<$class> is the class to which the individual result records must belong. =cut # Actually, I don't think we need this. # _TAG_ %_class2xpath = ( # business => "uddi:businessInfos/uddi:businessInfo" # service => "uddi:serviceInfos/uddi:serviceInfo" # binding => "uddi:bindingTemplate", # tmodel => "uddi:tModelInfos/uddi:tModelInfo" #); sub new { my $class = shift(); my($uddi, $xpc, $node, $recclass) = _USER_; my $this = bless { uddi => $uddi, xpc => $xpc, node => $node, recclass => $recclass, count => undef, dom => [], # The raw DOM nodes records => [], # Corresponding wrapped objects }, $class; my $xpath; if ($recclass eq "binding") { $xpath = "uddi:bindingTemplate"; } else { $xpath = "uddi:${recclass}Infos/uddi:${recclass}Info"; } $this->{dom} = $xpc->findnodes($xpath, $node); $this->{count} = @{ $this->{dom} }; return $this; } =head2 count() $n = $rs->count(); Returns the number of records in the result-set, e.g. the number of businesses found by a C call. =cut sub count { my $this = shift(); return $this->{count}; } =head2 record() foreach $i (0.. $n-1) { $bi = $rs->record($i); } Returns a single record from the result-set, indexed from zero. =cut sub record { my $this = shift(); my($index) = _USER_; my $count = $this->count(); UDDI::HalfDecent::oops(error => "out of range", detail => "record $index not in 0..$count") if $index < 0 || $index >= $count; my $rec = $this->{records}->[$index]; if (!defined $rec) { my $dom = $this->{dom}->[$index]; UDDI::HalfDecent::oops(error => "no DOM", detail => "record $index in 0..$count") if!defined $dom; $rec = $this->{records}->[$index] = new UDDI::HalfDecent::Record($this, $dom); } return $rec; } =head1 SEE ALSO C is the module that uses this. See also its SEE ALSOs. =head1 AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE As for C. =cut 1;


text:
Argent falls into the categories of both "surnames as first names" and "word names," though they share the same source: the Old (and Modern) French argent "silver."
Silver's association with the moon goes back to ancient times. It has long been believed to enhance the power of the moon, capable of forging a strong link between the the physical and metaphysical worlds.
The surname probably arose as a nickname for someone with silver hair, while the word has been used in the past as a noun (for a silver coin) and an adjective.
Nowadays, it is mostly confined to heraldry, where it is used of both silver and white in coats of arms.
The Old French word came from the Latin for silver argentum, which gives us the chemical symbol for silver — Ag.
It is cognate with the Welsh arian "silver" — which is still used to mean "money" in Welsh — which is found in more than one Welsh name, such as Arianwen, which combines it with gwyn "white," "pure," and "blessed," and Arianell, which combines it with gell "yellow," and "shining."
It may also feature in the name of the Goddess Arianrhod — which is popularly interpreted as meaning "silver wheel" and a reference to the moon.
Caer Arianrhod is the Welsh name for the Milky Way.
The Common Celtic word from which arian derived was *arganto-, and the "g" is preserved in the medieval name Argante — used by Layamon in the twelfth century epic poem Brut as the name of the Queen of Avalon.
She is usually identified with Morgan le Fay, and there are those who argue that the name derives from an older form of Arianrhod.
Another old form is Eraint, which features in the epithet of the mythical Welsh figure Lludd Llaw Eraint "Lludd of the Silver Hand."
This form also happens to demonstrate well the etymological relation between arian and the Modern Welsh Eirian "shining."
Meanwhile, its Sanskrit cognate is Arjuna, a name borne by a hero of the epic Mahabharata. The modern Hindi form of the name is Arjun.
Argent itself is first found as a given name as early as the sixteenth century, interestingly enough as a girl's name. This probably represented a simpler form of Argentea, which was taken directly from the Latin argenteus meaning "silvery" and "of silver."
By the nineteenth century, it is more commonly found as a boy's name, often as a middle name, indicative that the surname was now the principal source.
Today, Argent is a rarity. It has never reached the top 1000 in America, and only even appears in the data at all on one occasion, in 1926, when five girls were given the name.
Bursting as it is with heritage and meaning, I think it makes for a great unusual and contemporary choice for a boy or a girl. What do you think?


text:
"She has a most graceful figure; holds herself well; and if, as may be hoped, she grows a little taller, she will possess every good quality one could wish for in a great princess. Her heart and character are both excellent."
This statement was made when she was around 13. There have been many debates on how tall Antoinette actually was, the number is unknown for sure. Speculation has found her to be anywhere from as tall as 5'6'' and a shorter 5'25''.
5'6'' would be rather tall for the 18th century lady. As she had been observed and described we must remember she would always be found in her fashionable heeled shoes, and miles high poufs. Along with posture fit for a queen (and helped by those grand corsets), she would certainly appear tall to contemporaries. She also had better nutrition than most. It can be agreed she was somewhere between the two but I would say closer to 5'25''.
By the 18th century height was at an all time low! (between the 9th -18th cent.'s) Yes, people grew shorter. The 18th century population was on average 2.5 inches shorter than their medieval ancestors.
If someone would be so kind as to measure the length of the death mask at Madame Tussaud's we can get an idea of how tall Marie Antoinette's height was based on the ideal cannon of proportions! (I know, that is dark) Too bad we do not have any exact numbers...


text:
Wrap a flexible tape measure completely around your wrist where the bracelet is to be worn. The reading on the tape will indicate your bracelet size. In order to have some movement and flexibility, add about one centimeter (or four tenths of an inch) to that measurement.
Example : 15,5cm (6.1") + 1cm (0.4") = Size S
Size S = 16,5cm / 6.5"
Size M = 17,5cm / 6.8"
Size L = 18,5cm / 7.2" Size XL = 19,5cm / 7.6"


text:
Difference Between Blue Collar and White Collar
Blue Collar vs White Collar
Up to this day, there is confusion in discerning blue from white collar jobs. There has been some stigma attached to some, most especially to blue collar jobs. Nevertheless, both job types have their own set of pros and cons.
Traditionally, white collar jobs were named as such because these jobs originally required the worker to wear a shirt that is colored white either with a tie or without one. These jobs are often those that require the employee to wear a tie and work within the safe confines of the four walls of their offices, stores, schools and the like. Nevertheless, it can be safely said that the era of wearing the traditional white shirt and tie has already faded away. Still, many professionals like doctors and lawyers still don their ties and perhaps couple it with a white coat (especially for the medical doctors) to give an impression of a more serious stance.
On the contrary, blue collar jobs are not necessarily jobs that require the worker to wear blue shirts or polo. It is rather an expression which emphasizes that these employees work in a non-management position like those jobs that may involve workers becoming dirtier because of physically working a little harder. Often, these are the jobs that require protection clothing. So, perhaps the confusion sets in when one would label being a doctor as a blue collar job because most of them wear a doctor's coat or mask for protection. Medical doctors are white collar workers! Blue collar workers are the auto mechanics, drivers, and factory employees.
Unfortunately, there is an undeniable presence of a stigma for blue collar jobs. People often become too judgmental and say that these jobs are just plain 'dirty,' literally. Even if most of these jobs are more laborious, not to mention dangerous for the employee because of the workplace they report to, this does not always hold true to all cases.
Conversely, white collar jobs have a better working environment that are usually cleaner and cooler. These are the corporate jobs that often have a good basic monthly pay. As a result, many professionals who hold a degree end up with a white collar job while those who didn't finish college will eventually end up in 'just' a blue collar job. Yet again, this is not applicable to all situations. Also, middle class workers have been linked to blue collar while the upper class workers have been connected to white collar. Fortunately for blue collar jobs, the truth about receiving a higher pay for their white collar counterpart is not always true. In several instances, they even end up receiving a higher pay than the white collar workers.
1. White collar jobs are made synonymous to professionals who obtained higher degrees and education.
2. White collar jobs are linked to the generally higher paying type of jobs.
3. White collar jobs often have a cleaner of 'better' workplaces.
4. White collar jobs are more corporate and managerial while blue collar jobs are often non management but actual physical labor type of jobs.
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Heteromultimerization between different inwardly rectifying (Kir) potassium channel subunits is an important mechanism for the generation of functional diversity. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control this process and that prevent promiscuous interactions in cells that express many different Kir subunits. In this study, we have examined the heteromeric assembly of Kir5.1 with other Kir subunits and have shown that this subunit exhibits a highly selective interaction with members of the Kir4.0 subfamily and does not physically associate with other Kir subunits such as Kir1.1, Kir2.1, and Kir6.2. Furthermore, we have identified regions within the Kir4.1 subunit that appear to govern the specificity of this interaction. These results help us to understand the mechanisms that control Kir subunit recognition and assembly and how cells can express many different Kir channels while maintaining distinct subpopulations of homoand heteromeric channels within the cell.
Journal article
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
Publication Date


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 Home / Science projects / Solar Purifier
 - Solar Purifier
 Solar Purifier
 When water evaporates from the ocean, it leaves salt behind. If you had no fresh water to drink, you could distill (or purify) ocean water by taking advantage of evaporation. Here's how:
 What You Need:
 - Water
 - Salt
 - Large bowl
 - Short glass or beaker.
 - Plastic wrap
 - Masking tape
 - Rock (or other small weight)
 What You Do:
 1. Add salt to two cups of water and stir until it dissolves, then pour it into a large bowl.
 2. Place a short glass in the middle of the bowl. (This glass should be shorter than the rim of the bowl, but taller than the level of the saltwater.)
 3. Now cover the bowl with plastic wrap, taping the edges, if necessary, to get a tight seal. Place a small rock or other weight on top of the plastic directly over the glass in the bowl. This helps you collect the distilled water in the glass.
 4. Put the bowl outside in the sun. Leave it for several hours, or for the whole day. When you check it again, there will be water in the cup. Taste it to find out of it's salty or fresh! (You can also use electricity to test it for saltiness by making a saltwater circuit.)
 What Happened?
 The sun warmed the water in the bowl until it evaporated, becoming a gas. When the gas rose and hit the plastic it condensed there in droplets (just like water vapor condenses into clouds). The droplets rolled down the plastic toward the weight and eventually fell into the glass (like rain falling from the sky). The salt was left behind in the bowl, making the water in the glass pure enough to drink.
 Build a Saltwater Circuit to test your purified water for salt without tasting it.
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 Next Article: Rock Experiments »
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 Next Article: Ocean Animals Worksheet »


How are jurors selected for a particular trial?
Each day, jurors report to the Jury Assembly Room and their attendance is taken. When a judge is ready to begin the jury trial, the jurors needed for the case are selected from those persons in attendance for that day. The jurors' names are called and the panel of jurors is escorted to the courtroom.
Once the jury panel reaches the designated courtroom, the jurors are questioned under the supervision of the Judge. During this questioning, some jurors may be excused from the case. Once all of the questioning has been completed, each attorney in the case is allowed to remove a certain number of jurors from the panel. The jury trial will consist of the jurors remaining on the panel. Jurors not selected will return to the Jury Assembly room until released.
Once all of the jury panels have been selected for the day, the remaining jurors, if any, in the assembly room will be excused and their service will be complete.
Show All Answers
1. Who is qualified to serve on Jury Duty?
2. Can jurors change their jury service report date?
3. How long does jury service in Loudoun County last?
4. Who is entitled to a Jury Trial?
5. Where is the Loudoun County Circuit Court located?
6. Where do I park when I come for jury service?
7. Must employers pay their employees who are on jury service?
8. Where is the jury assembly room located?
9. How are prospective jurors selected for jury service?
10. How are jurors selected for a particular trial?
11. Who can be excused from jury service?
12. Are jurors paid for their service?
13. What may jurors wear to jury service?


Sun Java System Web Server 6.1 SP11 Administrator's Guide
Renaming Users
For LDAP databases, the rename feature changes only the user's name, all other fields are left intact. In addition, the user's old name is still preserved so searches against the old name will still find the new entry.
When you rename a user entry, you can only change the user's name. You cannot use the rename feature to move the entry from one organizational unit to another. For example, suppose you have organizational units for Marketing and Accounting and an entry named "Billie Holiday" under the Marketing organizational unit. You can rename the entry from Billie Holiday to Doc Holiday, but you cannot rename the entry such that Billie Holiday under the Marketing organizational unit becomes Billie Holiday under the Accounting organizational unit.
ProcedureTo rename a user entry
 If you are using common name-based DNs, specify the user's full name. If you are using uid-based distinguished names, enter the new uid value that you want to use for the entry.
 3. Click Rename User.
 4. Change the Given Name, Surname, Full Name, or UID fields appropriately to match the new distinguished name for the entry.
 5. You can specify that the Administration Server no longer retains the old full name or uid values when you rename the entry by setting the keepOldValueWhenRenaming parameter to false. You can find this parameter in the following file:


it. A typical
situation is applying selected bug fixes from the development version
of a program to a release branch. The cherry-picked changes will not
be committed automatically; you need to do that explicitly.
Typing _USER_{A} will cherry-pick the current commit and will also
commit the changes automatically when there have not been any
Typing _USER_{v} will revert the current commit. Thus, it will apply
the changes made by that commit in reverse. This is obviously useful
to cleanly undo changes that turned out to be wrong. As with _USER_{a},
you need to commit the changes explicitly.
Typing _USER_{C-w} will copy the sha1 of the current commit into the
kill ring.
Typing _USER_{=} will show the differences from the current commit to
the _USER_{marked} commit.
You can mark the current commit by typing _USER_{.}. When the current
commit is already marked, typing _USER_{.} will unmark it. To unmark
the marked commit no matter where point is, use _USER_{C-u.}.
Some commands, such as _USER_{=}, will use the current commit and the
marked commit as implicit arguments. Other commands will offer the
marked commit as a default when prompting for their arguments.
_USER_ Reflogs
_USER_ Reflogs
You can use _USER_{l h} and _USER_{l H} to browse your _USER_{reflog}, the
local history of changes made to your repository heads. Typing
_USER_{H} will ask for a head, while _USER_{l h} will show the reflog of
The resulting buffer is just like the buffer produced by _USER_{l l} and
_USER_{l L} that shows the commit history.
_USER_ Commit Buffer
_USER_ Commit Buffer
When you view a commit (perhaps by selecting it in the log buffer,
_USER_{History}), the ''commit buffer'' is displayed, showing you
information about the commit and letting you interact with it.
By placing your cursor within the diff or hunk and typing _USER_{a}, you
can apply the same patch to your working copy. This is useful when
you want to copy a change from another branch, but don't necessarily
want to cherry-pick the whole commit.
By typing _USER_{v} you can apply the patch in reverse, removing all the
lines that were added and adding all the lines that were removed.
This is a convenient way to remove a change after determining that it
introduced a bug.
If the commit message refers to any other commits in the repository by
their unique hash, the hash will be highlighted and you will be able
to visit the referenced commit either by clicking on it or by moving
your cursor onto it and pressing _USER_{RET}.
The commit buffer maintains a history of the commits it has shown.
After visiting a referenced commit you can type _USER_{C-c C-b} to get
back to where you came from. To go forward in the history, type
_USER_{C-c C-f}. There are also _USER_{[back]} and _USER_{[forward]}
buttons at the bottom of the buffer.
_USER_ Diffing
_USER_ Diffing
Magit typically shows diffs in the ''unified'' format.
In any buffer that shows a diff, you can type _USER_{e} anywhere within
the diff to show the two versions of the file in Ediff. If the diff
is of a file in the status buffer that needs to be merged, you will be
able to use Ediff as an interactive merge tool. Otherwise, Ediff will
simply show the two versions of the file.
To show the changes from your working tree to another revision, type
_USER_{d}. To show the changes between two arbitrary revisions, type
You can use _USER_{a} within the diff output to apply the changes to
your working tree. As usual when point is in a diff header for a
file, all changes for that file are applied, and when it is in a hunk,
only that hunk is. When the region is active, the applied changes are
restricted to that region.
Typing _USER_{v} will apply the selected changes in reverse.
_USER_ Tagging
_USER_ Tagging
Typing _USER_{t t} will make a lighweight tag. Typing _USER_{t a} will
make an annotated tag. It will put you in the normal
_USER_{*magit-log-edit} buffer for writing commit messages, but typing
_USER_{C-c C-c} in it will make the tag instead. This is controlled by
the _USER_{Tag} field that will be added to the _USER_{*magit-log-edit*}
buffer. You can edit it, if you like.
_USER_ Resetting
_USER_ Resetting
Once you have added a commit to your local repository, you can not
change that commit anymore in any way. But you can reset your current
head to an earlier commit and start over.
If you have published your history already, rewriting it in this way
can be confusing and should be avoided. However, rewriting your local
history is fine and it is often cleaner to fix mistakes this way than
by reverting commits (with _USER_{v}, for example).
Typing _USER_{x} will ask for a revision and reset your current head to
it. No changes will be made to your working tree and staging area.
Thus, the _USER_{Staged changes} section in the status buffer will show
the changes that you have removed from your commit history. You can
commit the changes again as if you had just made them, thus rewriting
Typing _USER_{x} while point is in a line that describes a commit will
offer this commit as the default revision to reset to. Thus, you can
move point to one of the commits in the _USER_{Unpushed commits}
section and hit _USER_{x RET} to reset your current head to it.
Type _USER_{X} to reset your working tree and staging area to the most
recently committed state. This will discard your local modifications,
so be careful.
You can give a prefix to _USER_{x} if you want to reset both the current
head and your working tree to a given commit. This is the same as
first using an unprefixed _USER_{x} to reset only the head, and then
using _USER_{X}.
_USER_ Stashing
_USER_ Stashing
You can create a new stash with _USER_{z z}. Your stashes will be listed
in the status buffer, and you can apply them with _USER_{a} and pop them
with _USER_{A}. To drop a stash, use _USER_{k}.
With a prefix argument, both _USER_{a} and _USER_{A} will attempt to
reinstate the index as well as the working tree from the stash.
Typing _USER_{z -k z} will create a stash just like _USER_{z z}, but will
leave the changes in your working tree and index. This makes it easier
to, for example, test multiple variations of the same change.
If you just want to make quick snapshots in between edits, you can use
_USER_{z s}, which automatically enters a timestamp as description, and
keeps your working tree and index intact by default.
You can visit and show stashes in the usual way: Typing _USER_{SPC} and
_USER_{DEL} will pop up a buffer with the description of the stash and
scroll it, typing _USER_{RET} will move point into that buffer. Using
_USER_{C-u RET} will move point into that buffer in other window.
_USER_ Branching
_USER_ Branching
The current branch is indicated in the header of the status buffer.
You can switch to a different branch by typing _USER_{b b}. This will
immediately checkout the branch into your working copy, so you
shouldn't have any local modifications when switching branches.
If you try to switch to a remote branch, Magit will offer to create a
local tracking branch for it instead. This way, you can easily start
working on new branches that have appeared in a remote repository.
Typing _USER_{b b} while point is at a commit description will offer
that commit as the default to switch to. This will result in a
detached head.
Typing _USER_{b m} will let you rename a branch. Unless a branch with the same
name already exists, obviously...
To create a new branch and switch to it immediately, type _USER_{b n}.
To delete a branch, type _USER_{b d}. If you're currently on that
branch, Magit will offer to switch to the'master' branch.
Deleting a branch is only possible if it's already fully merged into
HEAD or its upstream branch. Unless you type _USER_{b D}, that is.
Here be dragons...
Typing _USER_{b v} will list the local and remote branches in a new buffer
called _USER_{*magit-branches*} from which you can work with them. See
_USER_{The Branch Manager} for more details.
_USER_ The Branch Manager
_USER_ The Branch Manager
The Branch Manager is a separate buffer called _USER_{*magit-branches*}
with its own local key map. The buffer contains both local and remote
branches. The current


X_ITE X3D Browser
Have you seen this?
X_ITE v4.6.11
Have you seen this?
X3D Reference
Accessing the External Browser
Accessing the External Browser
X_ITE is designed to provide access to the internal X3D browser and its contained scene graph via JavaScript, either within an internal X3D Script node or an external HTML script.
If you want combine DOM access with X3D access in your JavaScript functions then you probably want to access the external browser object if you want include an external JavaScript file in your HTML page and you don't wanna do it directly a in Script node.
There is the X3D object which is always available, it expects at least one function handler that is called when the browsers ( elements) are ready, or the second function handler is called if an error occurred.
The callback function is called when the browser is available. The callback function takes no arguments. The error callback is called if an error occurred, it has one argument error.
The external browser can be accessed by calling the X3D.getBrowser(selector) function, selector can be any CSS selector:
If something went wrong, the error callback is called:
X3D Object
X3D noConflict ()
In X_ITE's case, the X3D function object is the main entry function. If you need to use another JavaScript library alongside X_ITE, return control of the X3D function object back to the other library with a call to X3D.noConflict (). Old references of X3D function object are saved during X_ITE initialization; X3D.noConflict () simply restores them. The return value is the X3D function object itself.
If for some reason two versions of X_ITE are loaded (which is not recommended), calling X3D.noConflict () from the second version will return the globally scoped X3D object to those of the first version.
The following services can be used to establish a session and obtain the X3DBrowser object.
X3DBrowser getBrowser ([selector : String])
The selector argument must be a string containing a valid CSS selector expression to match elements against. If no selector was given, »X3DCanvas« is used as selector string. The return value is the appropriate X3DBrowser object.
X3DBrowser getBrowser (element : Object)
Given a DOM element that represents a X3DCanvas element, the getBrowser function returns the appropriate X3DBrowser object.
Object createBrowser ()
Creates a new X3DCanvas DOM element, initializes it and returns it. Throws an exception if the browser object cannot be created.
The X3D object has several properties, you can use any of the properties below.
The X3DConstants object defines values that can be useful for scripting.
All X3DFields (SFColor,..., MFBool, MFColor, and so on). The fields can be created using the object as construtor. Note: Scalar objects like SFBool, SFDouble, SFFloat, SFInt32, SFString, and SFTime have no constructor, just use the built-in JavaScript types Boolean, Number, and String.
Function Reference
A complete function reference for the X3DBrowser object and all other X3D JavaScript objects can be found here.
View scene in new window.
Adding HTML controls to your scene is no rocket science. We have added some HTML buttons below the X3DCanvas, which on click call a callback function.
The init function is called when the scene is loaded and installs a field callback that is called when the models are clicked. The various callback functions first obtains the different nodes and then alter a field of the nodes.
The scene defines different named nodes with the »DEF« attribute, which can be accessed later. Download adrenaline.x3d.
Cookies and other Technologies


Secret Weapon: How AI Will Help America Win a War in Space
November 29, 2019 Topic: Technology Region: Space Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: SpaceSpace ForceAIASATAnti-Satellite MissileSatellites
The secret to protecting satellites?
Hardening satellites will involve developing methods of allowing them to operate in an environment where there might be cyber and electronic warfare attacks This is an area, Bogdan explained, where AI and Modzy can make a difference; once algorithms are able to recognize and assimilate new anomalies and patterns of cyberattack, they are integrated by Machine Learning programs, therefore quickly expanding the extent of detectable cyberattacks.
"If you create a good enough set of databases where cyberthreats are, you can train your system to relate them to something in the past and build up knowledge of what cyber threats look like," Bogdan said.
Additional options now in the earlier stages of technical and conceptual development include the creation of "smart satellites." These would be integrated, AI-enabled satellite systems with on-board hardware and software such that real-time analytics and fast problem solving could be done in space -- before being sent to ground commanders.
"This will involve putting AI-enabled analytics in satellites themselves. You won't need as many communications pipes. It would be somewhat similar to F-35 sensor fusion," Bogdan explained. (Bogdan previously served as the Program Executive Officer for the Pentagon's F-35 program)
This article by Kris Osborn originally appeared in WarriorMaven in 2019.
Image: Reuters


text:
Haymaking is the process of taking the fresh cut grass and turning it into hay fodder ready for building into a haycock. The process of haymaking for a bale is similar but the hay must be drier and and more seasoned before attempting to bale it, particularly for square bales. Grass cut for silage by contrast only requires minimal drying before being baled before taken to a pit.
There is an adage make hay while the sun shines. If the sun is shining and hot and the field open and especially with a gentle breeze the grass will turn to hay with relatively little work and trouble. If the weather turns wet and cold and the field is shady and the days less long saving the hay will become much more difficult.


Efforts to ban smoking in central government buildings in Tokyo's Kasumigaseki district are having little effect as old habits prove tough to break.
The National Personnel Authority issued a guideline July 10 aiming for a total smoking ban in all central government buildings. But resistance from smokers, as well as the structure of the old buildings, is making it hard to protect workers from secondhand smoke.
Kyodo reporters recently checked the smoking situations in the buildings of the National Personnel Authority and nine ministries, including the Foreign Ministry, and found that none of them had implemented a total ban.
The guideline, created after a law aimed at curbing smoking in public places went into force in May, calls on ministries and government agencies to ban smoking as much as possible.
The guideline says a smoking room should be set up within a building as a minimum measure, and there should not be any smoking areas within offices.
The reporters found that many of the 10 buildings had a smoking space set up on each floor, but some of these had no walls or system to vent cigarette smoke, as the guideline specifies.
The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry was one of the ministries going against the guideline by setting up smoking areas within offices. Other ministries that did the same were the Justice Ministry, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry and the Finance Ministry.
Nonsmokers were relatively better protected at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry, where smoking spaces were set up with exhaust systems.
A health ministry official said it is difficult to level a total ban on smoking.
"There's no space outside for a smoking room," he said. "And with people busy with the budget and the Diet, a total ban would probably cause some to become irritable and unable to concentrate on their work."
In the health ministry building, which also houses the Environment Ministry, the walls cannot be cut through, and so it is impossible to set up a ventilation system. Smokers can light up only in the smoking space on the ground floor.
"This is a 26-story building. Can we expect people to go down to the ground floor to smoke?" one health ministry official asked.
"There is a limit to what we can do," the official said, noting that one smoking space is insufficient for the roughly 15,000 people who use the building every day.
Even the National Personnel Authority, which drew up the guideline, is in no hurry to ban smoking, saying it has yet to set up a schedule on when to ban smoking altogether in its building.
By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.


text:
Dictionary of Wisconsin History
Search Results for: the letter 'N'
Term: North Freedom [origin of place name]
Definition: Village located in the northern part of the town of Freedom, hence North Freedom. Where the roads meet in the center of the section was originally called Hackett's Corners from the families residing there. When the railroad was built two plats were made, one called Bloom for George W. Bloom and one called North Freedom. Afterwards, Bloom station was changed to North Freedom. Iron ore used for paint was later discovered and the name became Bessemer in honor of Sir Henry Bessemer, who invented the process of reducing iron ore. The name of North Freedom was later decided upon.
[Source: Cole. Baraboo and Other Place Names of Sauk County.]
340 records found
Nabob [origin of place name]
Nabob, Washington Co.
Nagawicka Lake, Waukesha Co.
Nagawicka [origin of place name]
Nager, Edward 1927
Naleid, Roy E. 1901
Namakagon [origin of place name]
Namakagon, Town of, Bayfield Co.
Namekagon (town and river) [origin of place name]
Namekagon River (Historic Marker Erected 1967)
Namekagon, Bayfield Co.
Namekagon, Town of, Bayfield Co.
Namekagon-Court Oreilles Portage (Historic Marker
Namur, Door Co.
Nancy, Town of, Washburn Co.
Naples, Town of, Buffalo Co.
narrow gauge (railroads)
Narrows Creek, Sauk Co.
Nasbro, Dodge Co.
Nasewaupee [origin of place name]
Nasewaupee, Town of, Door Co.
Nash, Charles Dennis 1819 - 1897
Nash, Charles W. 1864 - 1948
Nash, Philleo 1909
Nash, William Francis 1847 - 1916
Nashotah (Town) [origin of place name]
Nashotah Lakes, Waukesha Co.
Nashotah Mission (Historic Marker Erected 1968)
Nashotah, Village of, Waukesha Co.
Nashotah, Waukesha Co.
Nashville, Forest Co.
Nashville, Town of, Forest Co.
Nasonville [origin of place name]
Nasonville, Wood Co.
Nass, Stephen L. 1952
Nation's First Cooperative Generating Station (His
Nation's First Watershed Project (Historic Marker
National Soldiers' Home (Historic Marker Erected 1
National Soldiers' Home (Milwaukee)
National Women's Party
Nattestad, Ole Knudsen 1807 - 1886
Natural Bridge, Richland Co.
Naugart, Marathon Co.
Navarino, Brown Co.
Navarino, Town of, Brown Co.
Nebagamon, Town of, Douglas Co.
Necedah [origin of place name]
Necedah, Juneau Co.
Necedah, Town of, Juneau Co.
Necedah, Village of, Juneau Co.
Neda, Dodge Co.
Neenah Guards (Civil War)
Neenah Rifles (Civil War)
Neenah [brief history]
Neenah [origin of place name]
Neenah, Town of, Winnebago Co.
Neenah, Winnebago Co.
Neillsville [origin of place name]
Neillsville, Clark Co.
Nekimi [origin of place name]
Nekimi, Town of, Winnebago Co.
Nekoosa Junction, Wood Co.
Nekoosa [origin of place name]
Nekoosa, Wood Co.
Nelma, Forest Co.
Nelsen, Betty Jo 1935
Nelson Dewey-First Governor of Wisconsin (Historic
Nelson [origin of place name]
Nelson, Adolphys Peter 1872 - 1927
Nelson, Buffalo Co.
Nelson, Gaylord A. _PHONE_
Nelson, George Bliss 1876 - 1943
Nelson, John Mandt 1870 - 1955
Nelson, Town of, Buffalo Co.
Nelson, Village of, Buffalo Co.
Nelsonville (historical), Eau Claire Co.
Nelsonville, Portage Co.
Nelsonville, Village of, Portage Co.
Nemadji River [origin of place name]
Nemahbin, Town of, Milwaukee Co.
Nemodji, Town of, Douglas Co.
Nenno, Washington Co.
Neoclassical Revival (architecture)
Neopit, Menominee Co.
Neopit, Menominee leader,?-1913
Neopope, Sauk warrior, dates unverified
Neosho [origin of place name]
Neosho, Dodge Co.
Neosho, Village of, Dodge Co.
Nepeuskun, Town of, Winnebago Co.
Neptune, Richland Co.
Nerike, Pierce Co.
Neshkoro [origin of place name]
Neshkoro, Marquette Co.
Neshkoro, Town of, Marquette Co.
Neshkoro, Village of, Marquette Co.
Neshonoc [origin of place name]
Neshonoc, Town of, La Crosse Co.
Neshoto, Manitowoc Co. [origin of place name]
net tonnage (maritime)
Neubauer, Jeffrey A. 1955
Neuern, Kewaunee Co.
Neumann, Mark W. 1954
Neva Corners, Langlade Co.
Neva township [origin of place name]
Neva, Langlade Co.
Neva, Town of, Langlade Co.
Nevada, Green Co.
Neville, Arthur Courtenay 1850 - 1929
Nevin, James 1854 - 1921
Nevins, Clark Co.
New Amsterdam, La Crosse Co.
New Auburn [origin of place name]
New Auburn, Chippewa Co.
New Auburn, Village of, Chippewa Co.
New Berlin, Town of, Waukesha Co.
New Berlin, Waukesha Co.
New Boston, Town of, Brown Co.
New Buffalo [origin of place name]
New Buffalo, Town of, Sauk Co.
New Cassel [origin of place name]
New Chester (historical), Adams Co.
New Chester, Town of, Adams Co.
New City (historical), Trempealeau Co.
New Denmark, Town of, Brown Co.
New Dexter, Town of, Wood Co.
New Diggings, Lafayette Co.
New Diggings, Town of, Lafayette Co.
New Fane, Fond du Lac Co.
New Franken, Brown Co.
New Glarus (Historic Marker Erected 1962)
New Glarus [origin of place name]
New Glarus, Green Co.
New Glarus, Town of, Green Co.
New Glarus, Village of, Green Co.
New Haven [origin of place name]
New Haven, Town of, Adams Co.
New Haven, Town of, Dunn Co.
New Holstein [brief history]
New Holstein, Calumet Co.
New Holstein, Town of, Calumet Co.
New Hope, Portage Co.
New Hope, Town of, Portage Co.
New Lisbon, Election precinct of, Grant Co.
New Lisbon, Juneau Co.
New London [origin of place name]
New London, Waupaca Co.
New Lyme, Town of, Monroe Co.
New Mason, Town of, Bayfield Co.
New Milladore, Town of, Wood Co.
New Miner, Juneau Co.
New Munster, Kenosha Co.
New Paris, Sheboygan Co.
New Post, Sawyer Co.
New Prospect, Fond du Lac Co.
new red sandstone (mining)
New Remington, Town of, Wood Co.
New Richmond Cyclone (Historic Marker Erected 1997
New Richmond tornado (1899)
New Richmond, St. Croix Co.
New Rome (historical), Adams Co.
New Rome, Adams Co.
New Rudolph, Town of, Wood Co.
New Seneca, Town of, Wood Co.
New Sigel, Town of, Wood Co.
New Vesper, Town of, Wood Co.
New Wood, Town of, Wood Co.
New York Indians
New York Recording Laboratories
Newald, Forest Co.
Newald, Town of, Forest Co.
Newark Valley, Town of, Adams Co.
Newark, Rock Co.
Newark, Town of, Rock Co.
Newark, Town of, Washington Co.
Newbold, Oneida Co.
Newbold, Town of, Oneida Co.
Newburg, Village of, Washington Co.
Newburg, Washington Co.
Newhall House fire (1883)
Newhall, Daniel 1821 - 1895
Newman, Alfred William 1834 - 1898
Newport [origin of place name]
Newport, Town of, Columbia Co.
Newry, Vernon Co.
Newton Corners, Jefferson Co.
Newton [origin of place name]
Newton, Manitowoc Co.
Newton, Town of, Manitowoc Co.
Newton, Town of, Marquette Co.
Newton, Vernon Co.
Newtonburg, Manitowoc Co.
Newville


text:
until he has both forks. When he is done eating, he puts the sticks down and continues thinking.
To solve the problem with JEK Platform, five routes are defined to represent the actions of five philosophers. Each route has two tasks: eat and think. Obviously, eat task of each philosopher's route can not be active at the same time because of resource constraints. A Mutex synchronization resource is used to restrict the eat task of each philosopher. The resource allocation scheduling algorithm in the JEK Kernel has an important feature to avoid a deadlock in this sample: if one philosopher gets a fork and finds another is already taken, it will release the one and notify other tasks in other routes so that other philosopher can continue to eat.
The following diagram, figure 2, illustrates the philosopher dining job execution engine's timing diagram. The application code is pretty simply since it does not need to handle threads and thread synchronization that is handled in the JEK SDK, but simply describes the resources (forks) and tasks (philosophers' actions).
Figure 2. JEK Studio monitors the philosophers dining job execution
In figure 2, JEK Studio GUI has four components illustrated by four yellow bubbles:
- The task matrix presents the application engine internal structure and the real-time execution activity status.
- The task timing diagram presents a more detailed real-time execution status for tasks, which helps developers to understand and to validate concurrent system behavior quickly.
- The activity resource matrix presents real-time task activity resource status.
- The synchronization resource matrix presents real-time task occupy status.
- The task trace window displays log status, which is also saved in a log file.
In JEK Studio, five routes are shown in the task matrix. Its execution is shown in the task execution timing diagram. The four blue bubbles are explained as follows:
- Blue bubble 1. Job execution engine starts to execute job. Philosophers 1 and 4 start to eat.
- Blue bubble 2. Philosophers 3 and 5 start to eat at the same time. Philosophers 1 and 4 start to rest at the same time. The reason that philosopher 3 and 5 can start to eat at the same time is because the application code is configured so that the eat time for all philosophers are the same. The rest times are also the same for all philosophers.
- Blue bubble 3. It's interesting to observe the job execution status after a few loops. Philosophers 1, 2, 4 are resting. Philosophers 3 and 5 are eating. If observed carefully, philosophers 3 and 5 are not starting to eat at the exact same time. Philosophers 1, 2, 4 do not rest at the same time.
- Blue bubble 4. This is another interesting job execution status. Only one philosopher, #2, is eating at this moment. Philosophers 1, 3, 4, 5 are all resting. The reason, the resting times of all philosophers are longer than eating times.
- Another observation is that fairness is not guaranteed for each route. It's unpredictable which philosopher will get a chance to eat next time based on the scheduler used.
- Route starvation is possible. In other words, some philosophers might never get a chance to eat. This is not demonstrated in the graph since the result is random. You can try to start the engine a few times and the results could be different each time.
If not using simulation, it is very hard for a software engineer to answer: if scenarios marked by the blue bubbles 3 and 4 are possible.
Sample 2. Automated Coffee Machine
An automated coffee machine mixes milk, sugar, and coffee into a cup, and serves the cup to customer when it is done.
Figure 3. Coffee machine model analysis
The coffee machine has five robots:
- Platform robot. It holds the coffee cup, so that milk, sugar, and coffee can be poured into it and gets mixed. After the coffee is mixed, it moves the cup with the mixed coffee to a customer.
- Cup robot. It puts an empty cup onto the platform robot.
- Milk robot. It pours milk into the coffee cup on the platform robot.
- Sugar robot. It pours sugar into the coffee cup on the platform robot.
- Coffee robot. It pours coffee into the coffee cup on the platform robot.
Coffee machine operating procedure:
- All robots are in initial positions.
- Cup robot puts an empty cup onto the platform cup.
- Milk robot pours milk into cup.
- Sugar robot pours sugar into cup.
- Step 3 and step 4 can be parallel.
- Coffee robot pours coffee into cup.
- Platform robot moves mixed coffee to customer.
Important operating requirements of the coffee machine are as follows:
- Above operating procedures have to be followed. Otherwise, the robot's positions might be in wrong places, and results in robot damages.
- Milk and sugar need to be poured into the cup before coffee, so that the coffee can be mixed properly without requiring adding a coffee stir robot that increases the complexity of the machine.
To solve the problem with JEK Platform, two routes are defined. One route is designed to control the cup robot and the platform robots. Another route is designed to control milk, sugar, and coffee robots. The reason to define these routes is that the task steps inside each route are sequential. The synchronization resource between routes is the platform robot. For detailed analysis and code, please go to _URL_ to download the complete JEK Platform and to look for sample section 7: Machine Control.
Figure 4 is the coffee machine execution timing diagram implemented with the JEK SDK and presented with the JEK Studio. X axis is time. Y axis is tasks. A bar is the execution time for a task. Tasks within one route are displayed with one color. Different tasks in one route are displayed with different Y axis values. Multiple bars in the same Y axis represent the same task executed at different times.
Route 1 controlling milk, sugar, and coffee robot (orange color) has three tasks from bottom to top:
- Task1_1: control milk robot to pour milk.
- Task1_2: control sugar robot to pour sugar.
- Task1_3: control coffee robot to pour coffee.
Route 2 controlling cup robot (blue) has two tasks from bottom to top:
- Task2_1: control cup robot to put cup onto platform robot.
- Task2_2: control platform robot to serve mixed coffee to customer.
The six blue bubbles in figure 4 are explained as follows:
- Blue bubble 1. Task2_1 puts a cup onto the platform robot.
- Blue bubble 2. Task1_1 and Task1_2 pour milk and sugar into an empty cup at the same time.
- Blue bubble 3. Task1_2 finishes pouring sugar and Task1_1 is still pouring milk.
- Blue bubble 4. Task1_3 starts pouring coffee.
- Blue bubble 5. Task2_2 controls the platform robot to serve mixed coffee.
- Blue bubble 6. Repeat the same process.
Figure 4. Coffee machine execution status of solution 1
This robot is not very efficient. Route 1 is idle after blue bubble 5. To increase the throughput, another independent platform robot is added to make route 1 as busy as possible. The position of platform robot 1 is different from that of platform robot 2. Therefore, the control code for pouring milk, sugar, and coffee is different in context, but have the same structure. Figure 5 is a new robot diagram.
Figure 5. Platform 2 robot is added
Route 3 (burgundy red color) is added to serve second cup, which is presented as red in figure 6. It has identical tasks as defined in route 2. Since a new platform robot is added, route 2 and 3 are redefined as follows:
Route 2 controlling cup robot (blue) has two tasks:
- Task2_1: control cup robot to put cup onto platform robot 1.
- Task2_2: control platform robot 1 to serve mixed coffee to customer 1.
Route 3 controlling cup robot (burgundy red) has two tasks:
- Task3_1: control cup robot to put cup onto platform robot 2.
- Task3_2: control platform robot 2 to serve mixed coffee to customer 2.
Figure 6. Solution 2 coffee machine has two platform robots
The five blue bubbles in figure 6 are explained as follows.
- Blue bubble 1. Task3_1 puts the cup onto platform robot 2. Both routes 2 and 3 are started at the same time, but only one route can use the cup robot. It is random that route 2 gets the cup robot.
- Blue bubble 2. Task1_1 and Task1_2 pour milk and sugar into an empty cup at the same time after a cup is put on platform robot 2. Note: the execution context of route 2 is platform robot 1 since it has a different location than platform robot 2. In other words, the control code is different when the context is different.
- Blue bubble 3. Task2_1 starts to put a cup on platform robot 1. Coffee robot uses task1_3 to pour coffee into the cup on platform robot 1. Both tasks are started at the same time.
- Blue bubble 4. Platform robot 2 uses task3_2 to serve mixed coffee to customer 2. Task1_1 and Task1_2 pour milk and sugar into an empty cup on platform robot 1. The route 1 execution context (pouring milk


Quick Answer: What Is The Highest Genius IQ?
What IQ is genius?
Is an IQ of 150 good?
Who has an IQ of 200?
What is a genius IQ for a 14 year old?
What is Madonna's IQ?
Madonna (140) She holds the incredibly impressive IQ score of 140 as well. Her intelligence shone from a young age, as she was known for her exceptionally high grades. She even earned a scholarship for the University of Michigan, but she chose to drop out to pursue a career in music.
What was Albert Einsteins IQ?
What is 130 IQ?
What is the highest IQ possible?
200The highest IQ possible in the world is theoretically 200, although some people have been known to have an IQ of above 200. Let's discuss how that's possible below. Everyone with an IQ score higher than 110 is lucky enough to have an above average intelligence.
Who has 180 IQ?
Who had an IQ of 300?
Albert Einstein likely never took an IQ test but is estimated to have a 160 IQ but even that can't stand up to these masterminds. Like both Hirata and Tao, William is a child prodigy. William has the title of having the highest IQ ever obtained that is between 250 and 300.
How can I improve my IQ?
What is Leonards IQ?
173Leonard's IQ of 173 is not as high as Sheldon's and the latter has scoffed at Leonard's whiteboard theories as common enough to be "scribbled on the wall of every men's room at MIT."


When we send an email in Microsoft outlook there is a possibility mail send to wrong person or content of the mail is not correct. We don't have to worry about this there is a option in outlook to recall the message send by us.
1. Go to sent items
2. Open the message which we wanted to recall by double clicking the message
3. Click Actions Icon
 As soon as clicked actions button we can see many options. If we want to recall the message completely click "Recall This Message" option. In case we wanted to replace with correct message use the option "Resend This Message". This recalling mechanism works if the receiver is not read his email.


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Include non-communicating reefers in your monitoring procedure
With your REFCON reefer container monitoring system connected to the load calculator or terminal planner, the task of collecting data from the non-communicating containers becomes very simple:
- Transfer the basic reefer container information from the load calculator or terminal planner to REFCON, including container ID, location, expected temperature setpoints, etc.
- Transfer a list of all non-communicating containers from the REFCON system to the handheld RDC unit
- Go to the containers and check the listed data with the actual data on the containers
- Accept or change the data in the RDC
- Go back to the REFCON system and load the corrected data into the system, using a cradle or cable connection
You will now have the actual container data available in the REFCON system. You will also have the alarms on your screen, and you will be able to make the same reports and printouts as for the communicating containers.


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I'm going to try and generate black and white NTSC video, using a micro-controller. According to this:
It is possible to do it using two pins of Atmel Mega644. I looked at the datasheet and noted that the IO is 1.8 V. For NTSC you just need three voltages sent at the correct time, 0V, 0.3V, and 1V.
What I don't understand is how does this circuit generate the 0,.3 and 1V. When I do the calculations it doesn't really add up.
I simulated this using TI TINA simulator, 2 batteries and switches inplace of the IO ports, and trying all four combinations of the IO, I can get 0,.3V but not 1V.
Can someone using math explain how you can get 0 V,.3 V, and 1 V using the circuit shown in the link above. I also, I guess what I don't understand is the uC IO equivalent circuit for simulating in a SPICE program, is it just a battery set to the IO voltage? Or maybe an OP AMP with the output set to the IO voltage can someone please explain this.
Any help is appreciated.


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- This week's traffic impacts.
- Phase 3 construction began June 30, 2010 and paints the steel beams above the roadway.
- Crews completed Phase 2 of the project in December 2010. This phase cleaned and painted the piers in the Columbia River and bridge towers on the Washington side.
This project will clean and paint the steel framework of the SR 433 Lewis and Clark Bridge. The fresh coat of paint will help prevent future corrosion to the steel, preserve the bridge's structural integrity, and prolong the life of the bridge.
The Lewis and Clark Bridge is being painted in three phases:
Phase 1 cleaned and painted the Oregon approach of the bridge structure, and was completed in February 2008.
Phase 2 cleaned and painted the piers in the Columbia River, and the bridge towers on the Washington side. This phase began April 7, 2009, and was completed in December 2010.
Phase 3 paints the superstructure of the bridge above the roadway. This phase began June 30, 2010, and is expected to be complete by fall, 2013.
Why is WSDOT
painting the Lewis and Clark Bridge?
Originally built in 1929, the 82-year-old, one-mile long Lewis and Clark Bridge is a historic landmark and vital transportation connection for Washington and Oregon. The bridge carries an average of 21,000 vehicles per day, 13 percent of which are trucks.
The Lewis and Clark Bridge was last painted in 1984. Since then, the protective coating on the bridge has deteriorated, exposing the steel to the weather and elements, which has resulted in rust and corrosion. Painting this historic bridge will preserve and restore the bridge's structural integrity and protect the steel from future corrosion.
As stipulated in Washington and Oregon's Border Bridges Agreement, construction and maintenance costs for the Lewis and Clark Bridge are shared equally by the two states. WSDOT is the lead agency for this project and manages its delivery with funding and design coordination from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT).
The End Result
The steel framework of the bridge will be cleaned and repainted with a protective coating. The project will restore and revitalize this historic landmark and transportation connection, and prolong the life of the bridge.
- Preservation: This project helps prevent future corrosion, and preserves the bridge's structural integrity.
- Economic: This project preserves a vital bi-state transportation connection, allowing it to continue handling commuter and heavy freight traffic for years to come.
What is the project timeline?
February 23, 2009: Phase 2 construction contract awarded to Certified Coatings Company, Inc. of Concord, Calif. with a winning bid of $5.1 million.
April 7, 2009: Phase 2 construction began.
December 2, 2010: Phase 2 construction completed.
April 30, 2010: Phase 3 construction contract awarded to Odyssey/Geronimo JV of Houston, Penn. with a winning bid of $33.7 million.
June 30, 2010: Phase 3 construction began.
Fall 2013: Phase 3 construction anticipated to be complete.
Why didn't WSDOT paint the bridge while the deck was being replaced in 2002-2004?
During the deck replacement project, the contractor applied the first primer coat of paint to all the steel beams located under the deck. However, it was impossible to paint the entire bridge at the same time deck panels were being replaced because of the short, 8-hour work window available to the contractor each night.
Project signage will reflect the cost of construction engineering, project bid award and sales tax.
- Pre-existing funds: $6.7 million
- Total estimated cost of Phase 2: $6.7 million
- Pre-existing funds: $27.7 million
- 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA): $12.3 million
- Total estimated cost of Phase 3: $40 million
The total cost of this project is split evenly between WSDOT and ODOT as are all bridge projects on the Columbia River between the two states.
How can I get more information?
Area Engineer Lori Figone
WSDOT Kelso Area Engineering Office
2400 Talley Way
Kelso, WA 98626
Phone: _PHONE_, or toll free _PHONE_
PO Box 1709
Vancouver, WA 98668-1709
Or you can use the online feedback form.
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Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management: Challenges and a Path Forward
We consider the gap between the promise and reality of artificial intelligence in human resource management and suggest how progress might be made. We identify four challenges in using data science techniques for HR tasks: 1) complexity of HR phenomena, 2) constraints imposed by small data sets, 3) accountability questions associated with fairness and other ethical and legal constraints, and 4) possible adverse employee reactions to management decisions via data-based algorithms. We propose practical responses to these challenges and converge on three overlapping principles - causal reasoning, randomization and experiments, and employee contribution—that could be both economically efficient and socially appropriate for using data science in the management of employees.


Two Methods of How to Make a Movie from Photos
The two methods of creating movies from photos -- google photos or the easier online movie maker.
One of the most engaging and trending ways of sharing your memories or marketing your products is to create a movie from photos using a movie maker. And that is why you need our help on how to make a movie from photos.
We all use Google, but did you know that Google Photos also offers a feature to help you to create a movie from photos without any hassle or much effort. If you don't know that this feature exists or you're worried about how to make a movie with Google Photos, don't fret, we have got you covered.
In this article, apart from elaborately explaining the steps on how to make a movie from photos, we will also introduce other powerful software to create movie from photos.
Part 1. How to Make a Movie on Google Photos
Here we will explain the process on how to make a movie from photos in just 6 simple steps.
01 Launch Google Photos
First, on your PC or smartphone, open Google Photos and Sign In. Make sure you have an active internet connection.
launch google photo
02 Choose Create Movie Option
Now, click on the Library tab and tap on Utilities.
library tab
Then scroll down and in the Create New tab, click on the Movie option
movie option
03 Choose a Method to Create Movie from Photos
Method A: Use A Photos Template
Google Photos offers a variety of themed templates dedicated to different purposes. From a movie template for your pets to your significant other, Google has it all.
use photo template
Click on the type of movie you want to create and click on Get Started. For instance, you select the Meow Movie template; you will then have to choose an album containing photos of your pets. After that, Google Photos will then automatically create the video and notify when it is completed.
select your template
The downside of using an auto-creation template is that you cannot customize the settings or change any parameter, but it's still a great and quick way to create movie from Photos if you're in a hurry
Note: You will need to have enough photos for that specific category for the movie to be successfully created
Method B: Start from Scratch
If you want to personalize and edit your movie, you should start making a movie from scratch. Click on the New Movie option
04 Select Media to Create Movie from Photos
Once you click on the New Movie tab, all your photos and videos will be displayed. You can click on the small circles to tick the media you want to use in the movie. There is a maximum limit of 50 photos/videos per movie, but that serves to be just enough. After selecting the media, click on Create to proceed
select materials
It will take a few moments to download the media and create movie from photos that you can edit to personalize.
add materials
05 Edit Your Movie
1. Adjust Speed and Duration
Drag to increase or decrease the bar length that will change the duration of every photo in the movie. Click on every photo to adjust the duration for each one separately.
adjust duration
2. Rearrange or Duplicate
Hold and drag the media from one position to the next to rearrange. If you want to copy the images, click on the three dots to Insert Clip, Duplicate or Remove a clip.
rearrange or duplicate
3. Add More Media
If in the middle of the movie-making process you want to add more photos or videos, scroll down to the end of the clips and click on the plus icon for Add photos and videos.
add photos and videos
4. Add A Background Music
To add some music and liven up the movie, click on the music note. If you want to upload a song from your own playlist, click on My Music to access the songs on your device. Click the song to add background audio to your movie.
background music
Click on the Theme music to access the huge, free music library by Google Photos. The music is categorized as Reflective, Upbeat, Electronic, etc. Click on the desired song to add to the movie.
select your music
06 Save and Download Your Movie
Once you have made all the edits and personalized the video to your liking, click Save.
In the library, click on the newly created video and swipe up for more options. You can then Download the video to your camera roll for offline viewing or for sharing on social media platforms.
save movie
Now you know how to easily make a movie on Google Photos in a few steps.
Part 2. How to Make a Movie with Pictures
Despite the ease and convenience to create movies from photos on Google, it is known to have very limited editing features that hinder your creativity and flexibility in editing. Now, you must be wondering how to make a movie from photos that is both easy and impressive at the same time. I have just the right editor to help you create movie from photos that are stunning and quick to edit. And that is VidAir. Now, for those of you wondering what VidAir is, let me get into a little more detail and steps on how to make a movie from photos.
Wondershare VidAir is an online professional movie maker and editor. It has a highly intuitive interface that is incredibly easy to use, even for beginners. The various editing tools are an attraction for professional movie makers too. For ease of novice editors, VidAir offers a free and massive template library for every occasion and theme. Along with offering a rich library of free music for every genre or mood, it has a variety of caption styles to make your video visually appealing. In the end, the output is an impressive high-quality video that can be quickly exported as an uncompressed video. The various aspect ratios further ease the process of direct upload to different social media sites.
You can create movie from photos in just 3 easy steps.
Step 1 Launch VidAir and Choose Template
Open VidAir on your browser. Login or SignUp for free. Now, you will see an extensive range of templates for various occasions. Choose the template you like and select the desired aspect ratio. Then, click on UseThisTemplate.
launch vidair
Step 2 Create Movie from Photos and Edit
In this window, you can now upload your media, whether photos or videos or even audio. There is no limit on the number of images you upload. You can then add eye-catching captions from the Text tab and customize them by changing the font style, size, color, or position. The Audio tab allows you to add background music with a single click.
easy edit
Step 3 Export and Save Your Movie
Once you create movie from photos and make all the necessary edits to personalize your video, click on Export in the top right corner. Then select the watermark and resolution option and click Export again.
export and save
The bottom line is that the secret is out and up for grabs. Even novice moviemakers can now create movie from photos using the in-built movie maker. It is free and safe to use with as easy a user-friendly interface as it comes. What more could you want?
And if you previously didn't know how to make a movie from photos, you must have mastered it by now
In case you decide to try a more powerful and professional editor to create movie from photos, give VidAir by Wondershare a spin for some stunning videos in a few taps
Go on and create movie from photos to wow your audience. Good luck!
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, you can wrap a block device in a read-only layer, ensuring that user of the block device does not modify the storage.
 - ProfilingBlockDevice - With the profiling block device, you can profile the quantity of erase, program and read operations that are incurred on a block device.
 - ObservingBlockDevice - The observing block device grants the user the ability to register a callback on block device operations. You can use this to inspect the state of the block device, log different metrics or perform some other operation.
 - ExhaustibleBlockDevice - Useful for evaluating how file systems respond to wear, the exhaustible block device simulates wear on another form of storage. You can configure it to expire blocks as necessary.
 - FlashSimBlockDevice - Simulate the behavior of a flash component if the underlying block device doesn't support such behavior.
 - BufferedBlockDevice - Provides a buffer for the read and program blocks on a block device which reduces the read and program sizes of the underlying block device to 1 B.
Important Information for this Arm website


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Exhibition space: Active seeing – a feast for the eyes
Liz Coats has devoted decades to researching the interaction of paint colours and how people perceive them. Simon Jenkins reports.
The work of Liz Coats mesmerises. Just like a kaleidoscope showing various prisms of light and colour that partially cross over each other and enhance those beneath, her abstract paintings draw the viewer ever deeper into their centre (almost intentionally as if to attract and capture their sight forever). At the same time, they treat the eye to a feast of colour that evokes visual insight in the present moment.


text: The mid-Piacenzian is known as a period of relative warmth when compared to the present day. A comprehensive understanding of conditions during the Piacenzian serves as both a conceptual model and a source for boundary conditions and means of verification of global climate model experiments. In this paper we present the PRISM4 reconstruction, a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the mid-Piacenzian (~ 3 Ma) containing data for palaeogeography, land and sea-ice, sea-surface temperature, vegetation, soils and lakes. Our retrodicted palaeogeography takes into account glacial isostatic adjustments and changes in dynamic topography. Soils and lakes, both significant as land surface features, are introduced to the PRISM reconstruction for the first time. Sea-surface temperature and vegetation reconstructions are unchanged but now have confidence assessments. The PRISM4 reconstruction is being used as boundary condition data for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) experiments.


text: Although it is often acknowledged that social and environmental factors interact to produce racial and ethnic environmental health disparities, it is still unclear how this occurs. Despite continued controversy, the environmental justice movement has provided some insight by suggesting that disadvantaged communities face greater likelihood of exposure to ambient hazards. The exposure–disease paradigm has long suggested that differential "vulnerability" may modify the effects of toxicants on biological systems. However, relatively little work has been done to specify whether racial and ethnic minorities may have greater vulnerability than do majority populations and, further, what these vulnerabilities may be. We suggest that psychosocial stress may be the vulnerability factor that links social conditions with environmental hazards. Psychosocial stress can lead to acute and chronic changes in the functioning of body systems (e.g., immune) and also lead directly to illness. In this article we present a multidisciplinary framework integrating these ideas. We also argue that residential segregation leads to differential experiences of community stress, exposure to pollutants, and access to community resources. When not counterbalanced by resources, stressors may lead to heightened vulnerability to environmental hazards.


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Bile esculin agar
Composition and process
Bile salts are the selective ingredient, while esculin is the differential component. Enterococcus hydrolyze esculin to products that react with ferric citrate in the medium to produce insoluble iron salts, resulting in the blackening of the medium.
Test results must be interpreted in conjunction with gram stain morphology.
Bile Esculin Agar is used primarily to differentiate Enterococcus from Streptococcus. Members of the genus Enterococcus are capable of growing in the presence of 4% bile (oxgall) and hydrolyzing esculin to glucose and esculetin. Esculetin combines with ferric ions to produce a black complex.
For some purposes, certain bacteria are able to hydrolyze aesculin. A plate containing aesculin will fluoresce a pale blue under UV radiation. Some bacteria can hydrolise this, leading to UV dark colonies, as opposed to UV light ones.
When new techniques are produced to identify enterococci, they are often compared to the use of bile esculin agar.
- "BSCI424 Laboratory Media". Retrieved 2008-11-18.
- Lindell SS, Quinn P (May 1975). "Use of bile-esculin agar for rapid differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae". J. Clin. Microbiol. 1 (5): 440–3. PMC 275140. PMID _PHONE_.
- Grabsch EA, Ghaly-Derias S, Gao W, Howden BP (December 2008). "Comparative study of selective chromogenic (chromID VRE) and bile esculin agars for isolation and identification of vanB-containing vancomycin-resistant enterococci from feces and rectal swabs". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (12): 4034–6. doi:10.1128/JCM.00944-08. PMC _PHONE_. PMID _PHONE_.


Why Your Agroforestry Project Will Fail & How To Succeed Instead
Why Your Agroforestry Project Will Fail & How To Succeed Instead
4-minute read
I'm about to share with you some simple ways that can keep your agroforestry projects from failing.
Having launched my own businesses and projects on multiple occasions, I always remain positively "stung" by my failures. I celebrate my successes— but my greatest educational moments come from my failures.
I never thoroughly examine the reasons for my successes in the same way I look at my failures. When we succeed, we "put the trophy on the shelf" and hardly take the time to examine it in great detail.
Failures have kept me up at night and stressed me out. I learn so much more from these failures than I do from my successes because I don't think about why I failed twice—I think about why I failed a thousand times, thoroughly examining different hypothetical causes.
Failures hurt.
When you have invested time, money, energy, and relationships into your project, your desire for project success increases proportionately with your investment. When your project fails, there's a painful sense of loss and there's also a learning opportunity knocking on your door— and you are better to answer the door and pay attention.
Here are some key reasons your agroforestry project can fail:
 1. using non-native species (bio-regionally inappropriate) species
 2. non-community-centered business model
 3. poor crop layout design
 4. poor marketability
 5. poor accessibility/distribution
 6. not knowing your margins
Continue below↓↓↓ to figure out what you can do about them ↓↓↓
1) What we all need to know about using non-native species:
Years and years of botanical studies have taught me that there are numerous characteristics, requirements, and ecosystem functions that a plant has, and depending on its influence on the surrounding biodiversity, this non-native plant may or may not be appropriate.
We often are attracted to non-native species because they are high-value crops. Some examples of inappropriate use are: growing avocados/oranges in arid climate regions (these crops are subtropical/tropical with high-water requirements), or growing invasive eucalyptus in chaparral ecosystems.
Some essential items to consider are:
Is the plant invasive?
 - If yes, can it be controlled with minimal inputs?
 - What is potential systemic net harm if we lose control of the plant?
Does the plant produce chemicals (i.e., allelopathic, etc.) that are harmful to neighboring flora and fauna?
 - What is the hypothesized impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services if this plant is used?
Does the plant have evapotranspiration properties that are harmonious with the local watershed cycle's habits?
 - Plants that exhibit hyper-evapotranspiration can dry out local ecosystems and destroy local flora and fauna.
Does the plant have compatible water and soil nutrient requirements with the local watershed cycles and soil type(s)?
 - If requirements are higher/lower, this poses a necessity for more significant human intervention, increasing input costs, and shrinking profit margins
It's fine to use non-native species depending on the context. If the context is ultimately not appropriate, there is a risk of crop failures, regional water security issues, and biodiversity loss. Conduct an ecosystem services review of impacts and dependencies to help you evaluate appropriateness— or send me a message, and I'll see if I can help you.
2) A Non-Community-Centered Business Model
Simply put, there is almost nothing on this planet that is neutral. Everything is taking or giving. A business model can contribute to community welfare by creating shared value, or it can increase community struggle by concentrating its value.
A healthy and sustainable business model will improve both the social and natural capital of the community it is impacting. Some of the ways this can take shape is:
Ensuring that a sufficient amount of the end product(s) is founded on the local community's culture (restorative culture and local ownership)
 - If a community's culture does not inherently embrace the product, the likelihood of local and environmental resistance is significantly increased
Investing in community capacity development (training and education)
 - increasing social capital supports greater economic, social and ecological health
Promoting holistic stewardship of natural capital (living assets— like trees, the local watershed, etc.)
 - people are only as healthy as their ecosystems
Encouraging communal participatory decision-making and involvement (increases transparency and stakeholder trust)
Encouraging local ownership of the business model (shared equity)
 - creates local ambassadors and communal support
The more of these approaches that are adopted by a business model, the more robust, resilient, and successful the business/project will be in the long-term.
agroforestry community
3) Poor Crop Layout Design
Having a poor layout of your agroforestry system can create significant financial, economic, and environmental issues. In horticulture, we all know the phrase "Right plant in the right place." This summarizes the numerous functions, requirements, and characteristics exhibited by each plant species. One must consider all environmental factors (i.e., climate, water requirements, soil types, fertility requirements, bloom periods, root profiles, canopy heights, spacing, accessibility, and many more attributes).
 "An ounce of planning is worth a tonne of work."
4) Poor Marketability
Have we verified that the market wants what we are producing?
What sources of information are we using to answer that question?
So many great ideas fail because of blind trust with zero validation.
Perform sufficient market research.
5) Poor Accessibility
Wonderful. After lots of market research, we have determined that there is significant market demand for our product that is not being currently satisfied by competitors, thus creating an opportunity for us to supply that demand.
Do we have the necessary resources to get our product to our demanding clients/consumers? Have we verified that we can get our product to the required markets and distribution centers?
6) Not Knowing Your Margins
So many of us entrepreneurs "fly by the seat of our pants". We make things up as we go, spending more time doing, and not enough time thinking, researching, and planning.
Let's say we scored 100% positive on the first five items I have listed in this article. Even if everything was perfect, it is still possible to not have the necessary profit margin to keep the business/project operational.
Accounting and finance management. Do them, or get someone to do it with/for you.
agroforestry community
Plan. Plan. Plan. Do.
So much pain and struggling can be avoided with preparation done through planning. I can promise you that. Hire experts where necessary. It will save you time and money, and if you think hiring an expert is expensive, try hiring an amateur. The amateur's mistakes will cost you much more.
May your projects flourish in success and provide many opportunities for learning and growth.
If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to my newsletter to get the next one. Thank you for reading.


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We are donating a can of food to a UK food bank for every packet of seeds sold. Help us support the local community in this time of need with Coronavirus!
The Cotoneaster tree is native to parts of Northern Asia and is typically grown as a small shrubs. It is known as one of the easiest flowering species to grow as a Bonsai and is great for beginners or enthusiasts.
The tree grows small, oval, dark green leaves which change to yellow, orange and red in Autumn. The bark is tan in colour and has a pattern resembling fishbone.
- Packet includes 30 seeds and an electronic Cotoneaster Bonsai Growing Guide