Some sites claim that kaneh bosem from Exodus 30:23 is ganja.
I've seen this verse translated variously as:
 - fragrant calamus
 - aromatic cane (from cane balsm)
 - sweet calamus
 - fragrant reeds
However, there is a speculation that kaneh bosem is a plural form of kaneh bos. I don't know of any Bible translation that translates it this way even though it seems to fit some properties.
Is there any evidence that this phrase should be translated 'ganja'?
Exodus 30:23 (ESV) reads:
Take the finest spices: of liquid myrrh 500 shekels, and of sweet-smelling cinnamon half as much, that is, 250, and 250 of aromatic cane (qənêh-bōśem)
The OP points out:
This is based, presumably, on a misunderstanding of the ending em on bōśem. This is superficially similar to the masculine plural -ı̂m ending in Hebrew. However, the term qənêh-bōśem is singular (i.e. 250 shekels-worth of q-). The letter m is part of the root bśm.1 The word qənêh- (spelled qāneh when alone) is a common term for "cane" or "reed". The phrase, then, is literally "cane of spice". The second noun bōśem is taken attributively, hence "fragrant cane". "Bos" means nothing in this context.2
As for the actual plant referred to in Exodus, I will believe William Propp's account:
fragrant cane. Qənē(h) bōśem is also called qāne(h) haṭṭôb 'the sweet cane' (Jer 6:20; cf. Akkadian qanû ṭābu) and simply qāne(h) 'cane' (Isa 43:24; Ezek 27:19). Although reeds are found in Israel itself, it is clear from the prophets that this special cane, like frankincense, was imported "from a distant land." Of various grasses valued in Antiquity for their aromatic essences...the variety most familiar to my readers will be East Asian "lemongrass."
Propp equates the terms bōśem and beśem earlier in the verse (there constructed with "cinnamon"). The emphasis is on their fragrance; there is no evidence of psychedelic properties attributed these plants in the Exodus account.
1. Were it plural, it would be bəśāmı̂m.
2. The etymologically related botanical term is is not cannabis but balsam.
 - So do you know for certain which species kaneh bosem is? – user4951 Jan 11 '16 at 3:49
 - People feel "presence" of Yahweh when consuming or inhaling the stuff. Such properties are called entheogenic. Which is psychedelic. – user4951 Jan 11 '16 at 23:29
To put this as a purely linguistic question: Hebrew qānē is the same word as Sumerian gin, Akkadian qanū, Ugaritic qn, Greek κάννα, Latin canna, all meaning "reed" or "cane".
Greek κάνναβις, Latin cannabis, English "hemp" is a different word, perhaps ultimately from Sumerian kunibu, all meaning "hemp".
These two words cannot very well be connected.
 - so there is no connection between kanna and kannabis. notice the other alternative, calamus, is herbal ecstasy that's actually poisonous – user4951 Jan 4 '16 at 16:53
 - 3
 _USER_ Both in this comment and your original question, you're chasing false cognates. The site you linked also makes this mistake and demonstrates very poor understanding of the languages it comments on. You should let these much more educated answers set the record straight. No, the connection you are trying to make is not there. – Caleb Jan 5 '16 at 8:41
Your Answer


The accelerationIncludingGravity property returns the amount of acceleration recorded by the device, in meters per second squared (m/s2). Unlike DeviceMotionEvent.acceleration which compensates for the influence of gravity, its value is the sum of the acceleration of the device as induced by the user and the acceleration caused by gravity.
This value is not typically as useful as DeviceMotionEvent.acceleration, but may be the only value available on devices that aren't able of removing gravity from the acceleration data, such as on devices that don't have a gyroscope.
var acceleration = instanceOfDeviceMotionEvent.accelerationIncludingGravity;
The accelerationIncludingGravity property is an object providing information about acceleration on three axis. Each axis is represented with its own property:
Represents the acceleration upon the x axis which is the west to east axis
Represents the acceleration upon the y axis which is the south to north axis
Represents the acceleration upon the z axis which is the down to up axis
Specification Status Comment
Device Orientation Events Working Draft Initial specification.
Browser compatibility
Basic support (Yes) 6 (6)???
Basic support (Yes) 6.0 (6) Not supported Not supported 4.2
See also
© 2016 Mozilla Contributors


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Bank Guarantee
Bank Guarantee
A bank guarantee is an assurance given by the bank to any third person wherein the bank agrees to undertake the risk of payment on behalf of the debtor to the creditor. The parties enter into a contract of guarantee, and the bank acts as a surety. Bank guarantees are commonly used for business and personal transactions and seek to protect the creditor from suffering any financial losses in case of default in payment by the debtor. This guarantee secures the creditors and helps businesses grow. Under a contract of bank guarantee, the creditor becomes the beneficiary and is entitled to claim the advanced amount from the bank. If the bank fails to fulfil its obligations under the BG, the creditor can proceed to bring an action before the Courts.
Validity period and claim period of a Bank Guarantee
The validity period is the period of existence or the lifetime of a bank guarantee (BG). A beneficiary (the creditor) can make a written demand to the bank in furtherance of the BG during the validity period. However, in certain cases, the BGs contain a clause that lays an additional period within which the claims can be made. This grace period is known as the claim period. Though it is generally expected that these dates are different, still there is no compulsion to keep both the dates different, as such, the expiry date of the claim period ranges from one to twelve months after the validity period.
Liability of banks upon invocation of bank guarantee
A bank that is a party to the BG undertakes an obligation to make payment when the beneficiary creditor makes a legitimate claim within the validity period of the concerned BG. By virtue of the contract of guarantee, a creditor becomes entitled to claim payment of the bank when the borrower defaults and can even enforce this claim before the Courts. Before making payment upon the presentation of a claim, the banks first notify the debtor of the same and requires them to arrange for funds to pay the claimed amount. However, if the borrower fails, the Bank has to pay.
In UP State Sugar Corporation Vs Sumac International Ltd, the Supreme Court held that when an unconditional bank guarantee is provided or accepted, the beneficiary is entitled to realize such bank guarantee regardless of the ongoing disputes and a bank guarantee constituted a bargain between the two parties, by which the bank unconditionally had to pay the amount in question.
Section 128 of the Indian Contract Act talks about the concept of a surety's liability, and it states that the liability of the surety is co-extensive with that of the principal debtor unless it is proved otherwise by the contract.
In M/S Adani Agri Fresh Ltd Vs Mahaboob Sharif & Ors, it was highlighted by the Supreme Court that the bank guarantee is an unconditional one, and the respondent thus cannot raise any dispute and prevent the appellant from encashing the bank guarantee.
Similarly, in the case of Ansal Engineering Projects Ltd Vs Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd, the Supreme Court stated that a bank guarantee is a separate contract entered into between a bank and a beneficiary and is not subject to underlying transaction and also that since the bank had unequivocally agreed to pay on demand, the liability of the bank was absolute and unconditional and could not be circumvented in any manner whatsoever.
When the question of liability of bank in case the beneficiary presents a claim during the claim period arises, one has to consider Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Section 28 lays down that any agreement in restraint of legal proceedings shall be void. However, exception 3 to this section saves the guarantee agreement of a bank or financial institution from the application of the general rule. Moreover, the Limitation Act, 1963 provides for a time limit of one year for a normal bank guarantee, but on the other hand, it has prescribed thirty years for all suits to be instituted by the government. This prescribed limitation period made the banks apprehensive about Section 28 of the Indian Contract, which before the amendment of 2013, had declared all agreements containing stipulation of discharge of liability as null and void.
Prior to 1997, the situation was that according to Section 28, any agreement through which any party was restricted from enforcing its right in respect of any contract by the usual legal proceedings in tribunal or even limited the time within which this could be done was void to that extent. It was in 1997 that an amendment to Section 28(b) of the Indian Contract Act was made to provide for agreements that extinguished the rights of any party or discharge any party from any liability under or in respect of any contract on the expiry of a specified period to restrict any party from enforcing its rights.
It can be seen through the judgement pronounced in Union of India v. Bhagwati Cottons Ltd, in which the Court held that any agreement containing a clause stipulating that rights of a party shall be suspended and another party shall be discharged from liability if the claim is not filed within the stipulated time, would be hit by the 1997 amendment.
Despite this decision by the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court, in the case of Explore Computers Pvt Ltd v. CALS ltd and Anr, the Court took a different stance by stating that though the clause within the agreements specifying the time limit within which beneficiary has to enforce its claim within sometime after expiry of bank guarantee is considered to be void in nature but the clause terminating the forfeiture or suspension of the right of claim is not brought within the specified time after the expiry of bank guarantee is valid.
In Union of India & Ors. v. IndusInd Bank Ltd & Ors, while upholding the validity of a clause limiting the claim period for the assertion of a right, the Supreme Court observed that it's clearly stated under the law that a clause that restricts the Limitation Period is not always hit with the aid of using Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act. The amendments to Section 28 are a substantive change in the law which provides that even where an agreement seeks to extinguish the rights or discharges the liability of any party to an agreement having the effect of restricting such party from enforcing their rights on the expiry of a stipulated period would be void to that extent.
It was because of these conflicting judgments that an amendment was brought in the Indian Contract Act in the year 2013, i.e. exception 3 to Section 28, which was responsible for providing validity to the clause in the contracts which provided for extinguishment of rights or discharge from any liability, the period of which should not be a less than one year from the date of occurring or nonoccurring of a specified event. In the IndusInd case, it was held that the effect of this exception is to limit the period provided under the Limitation Act from three years to one year in the case of banks and financial institutions which issue a guarantee.
In the case of Kaushalya Rant v. Gopal Singh, it was held that Explanation 3 of Section 28 is dealing with a special branch, i.e. the Bank Guarantee and is confined to a specific branch and therefore, to that extent and in terms of statutory interpretation, exception 3 is a special law and as such would prevail over the Limitation Act, 1963.
Furthermore, the Reserve Bank of India, in a circulation dated 9th October 2015, has confirmed the 2013 amendment by stating that the Banks are not allowed to keep margin money after the invocation period.
Thus, the Banks may be discharged of their liability in the following two conditions:
 1. If no claim is made within a specified claim period or,
 2. If Claim is made within the period of validity of bank guarantee and not less than one year is provided for enforcement of the guarantee from a specified event, after which the bank shall be discharged of its liabilities.
Rights of Parties involved in Bank Guarantee
A Bank Guarantee is considered as a tripartite agreement between three main parties, namely, the principal debtor (the customer), beneficiary (the creditor) and the surety/guarantor (the bank).
Rights of Surety
All those rights made available to the parties to the contract are made available to the surety. These rights are as the following:
 1. Right Against Principal Debtor:
 1. Right of Subrogation: According to Section 140 of the Indian Contract Act, if there is a default by the debtor in making the payment and the surety makes the payment, the surety is invested with all the rights creditor/ beneficiary had against the principal debtor. This is known as the principle of Subrogation.
 2. Right of Indemnity: According to Section 145 of the Indian Contract Act, if the surety (bank) fulfils the principal debtor's obligation by paying the amount in case of its default, then after payment is made, the bank can recover the same from the principal debtor. This applies only to the sums paid rightfully and not to the sums paid wrongfully.
 2. Rights Against Creditor:
 1. Right to Securities: Section 141 of ICA prescribes that once the surety has performed its obligation in case of default by the debtor, he is subrogated to all the rights available to the creditor/ beneficiary against the debtor. Similarly, the surety is entitled to the benefit of every security which the creditor has against the principal debtor at that time when the contract of surety is entered into. It is irrespective of whether the surety was aware of the existence of securities at that time.
 2. Loss of Securities: It means that if the creditor loses securities, then the surety is discharged from


text:
The steering rack and pinion (or steering gear) responds to movements of the steering wheel and steers the wheels in the corresponding direction.
Symptoms of Wear or Failure
- Steering may get noisy or jerky and lose its ability to turn
- Power steering fluid leak
- Clunk when turning or going over bumps
- Turn easily in one direction, but not the other
Related Repair Advice
- A four-wheel alignment should be performed after replacing the steering rack
- The shop should flush the power steering system when replacing the power steering rack
- Problems with the power steering control module (where applicable) can imitate problems with the steering rack. Be sure that the problem has been properly diagnosed before replacing an expensive steering rack.
- In some cases, the inner tie rod ends cannot be serviced and, if worn, will require replacement of the steering rack

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Create a Stream Group
Once the Encoding profiles are created, the next step to controlling the quality of your video is to create Stream Groups. Since Stream groups are the grouping of different encoding profiles it may be likely to have stream groups for single video, Dual video, and Video plus slides among others.
The most difficult part of creating stream groups may be determining what stream groups need to be created. Once that has been determined, it is just a matter of adding a new group and choosing the encoding profiles to apply to each stream.
Since stream groups define the number of content streams and the type of media for each stream you might have a need for more stream groups than you would initially think. Regardless of how many stream groups you may need creating them always follow the same steps. Starting in the Management portal:
- Navigate to Recording > Stream Groups.
- Click Add New.
- Give you stream group a descriptive name that indicates each stream type. (i.e Camera (16:9 Video), Content (16:9 Video))
- Click Add Stream.
- Select the Input (Video1, 2, 3 or Slide) then click Add Stream.
- Click MP4 or Smooth Streaming then Add Media Type.
- Select the desired encoding profile for the media type.
- Click Audio and select an Audio encoding profile.
- Repeat steps 4-7 to add additional streams.
- Set Video 2, the content stream as primary by clicking and dragging it to the left-hand position.
- Once all streams have been added, click Save.


text:
Given by New Mexico in 2005
U.S. Capitol Visitor Center
This statue of Po'pay was given to the National Statuary Hall Collection by New Mexico in 2005.
Po'pay was born around 1630 in the San Juan Pueblo, in what is now the state of New Mexico; his given name, Popyn, means "ripe squash" in the Tewa language. As an adult he became a religious leader and was responsible for healing as well as for his people's spiritual life. He also knew of his people's suffering under Spanish settlers, who forced them to provide labor and food to support the Spanish community. The Spaniards also pressured them to give up their religion and way of life and to adopt Christianity—those found practicing their religion were tortured and sometimes executed.
In 1675 Po'pay and 46 other Pueblo leaders were convicted of sorcery; he was among those flogged, while others were executed. In 1680 Po'pay organized the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish. According to legend, to coordinate the timing of the uprising, he and his followers sent runners to each pueblo with knotted deerskin strips. One knot was to be untied each day, and the revolt would begin on the day the last one was untied. However, the Spaniards arrested two of the runners, and the pueblos were quickly notified to accelerate the revolt. The attacks began on August 10, two days before the last knot would have been untied. The Spaniards took refuge at Santa Fe; the besieging Indians cut off their water supply but soon permitted them to leave the area. The Pueblo Revolt helped to ensure the survival of the Pueblo culture and shaped the history of the American Southwest.
In 1997, the New Mexico Legislature selected Po'pay as the subject of the state's second statue for the National Statuary Hall Collection and created the New Mexico Statuary Hall Commission, whose members were appointed by Governor Gary Johnson. Four sculptors were selected to create maquettes, and Cliff Fragua was awarded the commission in December 1999. It will be the seventh statue of a Native American in the collection; the others are King Kamehameha I, Will Rogers (who had Cherokee ancestors), Sakakawea, Sequoyah, Washakie, and Sarah Winnemucca.
The seven-foot-high statue was carved from pink Tennessee marble (making it the only colored marble statue in the collection) and stands on a three-foot-high pedestal comprised of a steel frame clad in black granite. Its acceptance marked the first time at which every state in the Union has been represented by two statues in the collection. In addition, Po'pay is historically the first person represented in the collection to be born on what would become American soil.
No image or written description of Po'pay is known to exist. Sculptor Cliff Fragua describes the statue thus:
In my rendition, he holds in his hands items that will determine the future existence of the Pueblo people. The knotted cord in his left hand was used to determine when the Revolt would begin. As to how many knots were used is debatable, but I feel that it must have taken many days to plan and notify most of the Pueblos. The bear fetish in his right hand symbolizes the center of the Pueblo world, the Pueblo religion. The pot behind him symbolizes the Pueblo culture, and the deerskin he wears is a humble symbol of his status as a provider. The necklace that he wears is a constant reminder of where life began, and his clothing consists of a loin cloth and moccasins in Pueblo fashion. His hair is cut in Pueblo tradition and bound in a chongo. On his back are the scars that remain from the whipping he received for his participation and faith in the Pueblo ceremonies and religion.
Fragua, an Indian from Jemez Pueblo, studied sculpture in Italy, California, and New Mexico; he created his first stone sculpture in 1974.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


SIM Report: Southern Europe, Issue 5
REGIONAL: A deep-dive into the impact of COVID-19 on tourism and long-term implications for international travel
The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on Europe's tourism industry. As governments are struggling to convince citizens that national outbreaks have come under control, the outlook for international travel remains bleak.
According to data from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), there was a 98 per cent fall in international tourist numbers in May compared to the same period last year. This essentially equates to a drop of around 300 million tourists and a revenue loss of approximately USD320 billion, globally. The EU tourism industry employs around 13 million people, and an estimated EUR1 bn per month is being lost. In Italy, the Italian tourism federation estimates that around 60 per cent of tourists will be lost this year. Globally, 75 million jobs could be lost, including 6.4 million in the EU, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). A series of major sporting and cultural events, including the UEFA Euro 2020, usually a magnet for overseas tourists, have also been cancelled or postponed to 2021.
A key obstacle to the resumption of normal tourism flows is the current border situation in Europe. For instance, Hungary announced in late August that from 1 September it would shut borders to foreign nationals, essentially marking a return to the travel restrictions imposed to cope with the first wave of coronavirus. The ban will remain in place for at least one month, and Hungarian citizens have been urged to avoid non-essential travel to other countries. This makes Hungary the first Schengen Area member to re-introduce a ban, while most other EU countries have opted to avoid similar action. More broadly, it signifies that there remains scope for divergence in approaches from EU countries despite an incohesive and inconsistent approach in the early stages of the pandemic. Indeed, travel has become an increasingly complex undertaking, with passengers required to complete multiple forms in addition to completing COVID-19 tests before departure. Another key concern for tourists is the requirement for arrivals to undergo a two-week quarantine.
Given the severe sectoral impact of the pandemic, the EU has sought to alleviate some economic pressure on the tourism industry. Unprecedented levels of economic uncertainty will mean less disposable income for leisure travel. The majority of EU member states have announced plans to introduce economic assistance packages, including tax moratoriums and wage subsidies, that will also cover the tourism sector. In the wake of the pandemic, state intervention in private markets will become the norm. This has already been seen through the full acquisition of Alitalia by the Italian state and the partial nationalisation of railways in the UK.
The lack of a vaccine or effective treatment will continue to present longer term challenges for the sector's recovery. For companies with staff travelling regularly for business purposes, operational resilience plans will have to adapt to new realities. Business travellers for instance should ensure they travel with all the necessary documentation and ensure they carry a 'COVID kit', which will comprise of hand sanitiser, face masks, and disposable gloves. Effective planning can be helped by travel risk teams proactively monitoring communications for any new restrictions at destination or transit countries.
Ultimately, the traditional tourism model will undergo a profound shift. In the current context and the near future, a new important condition for tourists before beginning travel will likely be the performance of a government in dealing with national outbreaks. More travellers will pay closer attention to the quality and standard of healthcare in destinations. Countries that recorded comparatively high infection rates will likely suffer more than others with similar climates and tourism infrastructure. Rural destinations in normally less crowded areas will become increasingly popular, while short weekend trips to major cities probably will become a less appealing proposition. Some travellers will also prefer private accommodation rather than large, centrally-located hotels. Long-distance travel to countries such as the US and the wider Americas region will also be avoided, at least until the epidemiological picture there improves.
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: Tensions escalate in region as Turkey maintains aggressive posture near Greek territorial waters
BULGARIA: Political instability remains amid heightened anti-government sentiment


text:
My question is straight forward, how do i programmatically untrim the trimmed control on the Ribbon?
So if this happens:
SPRibbon current = SPRibbon.GetCurrent(this.Page); if (current == null) return; current.TrimById("Ribbon.Read");
How do i untrim it, somewhere in the code?
How do i use method SPRibbon.TrimById(string id, string visibilityContext)?
Why makeTabAvailable() doesn't work?


text:
This fascinating documentary presents the details of Eric's life, who was perhaps best known as an athlete in the 1924 Olympics, as depicted in the Academy Award-winning film, Chariots of Fire. His story is told by David McCasland, author of Eric Liddell: Pure Gold, Eric's daughter Patricia, and Rev. John Keddie, consultant on Chariots of Fire, along with fellow prisoners form the internment camp in China.
Growing up, Eric was a gifted athlete, excelling in rugby and later in track. He entered the 1924 Olympics in Paris and was favored to win the 100-meter race. But when he learned that he would have to race on Sunday, he refused. Instead, he competed in other races and still brought home gold for Scotland.
Now a national hero, Eric announced his intentions to go to China as a missionary. There he taught Chemistry and oversaw the school's sports programs, sharing his faith at sporting events. He later married, then left teaching to become an evangelist By 1941, China was becoming more unstable and Japan was increasing its control. Concerned for his family's safety, he sent them off to Canada while he remained in China. It wasn't long until the Japanese began moving people into internment camps. There, Eric became friend and mentor to 300 children, many of whom were separated from their missionary parents. Fellow prisoners observed as he rose early each day to read and pray. He continued living out his faith in the camp and was admired and respected by all. In 1944, however, he began showing signs of a possible brain tumor and died the following year.
Eric Liddell was a humble man with a simple and personal faith whose life's purpose was to glorify God. His life and legacy continue to impact people's lives around the world.
Studio: Christian History Institutue
Time: 100 minutes
Eric Liddell: Champion of Conviction (DVD):
- Item Price: $12.95
- Listed On: March 14, 2012


text: Purpose-The aim of this piece of research was to detail the scope and nature of sectarianism as experienced by employees, managers and those with trade union responsibilities, in the Northern Ireland workplace. Design/methodology/approach-Four large organizations, two from the private and two from the public sector, were recruited to take part in this qualitative study. In-depth inter-views were carried out with managers and trade union personnel. Focus groups were run with employees. Findings-Data were submitted to thematic analysis. The major themes to emerge included: the extent of experienced sectarianism, sources of sectarianism, the nature of sectarian harassment, ''tolerable'' sectarianism, and the management of difference. Research limitations/implications-Short-comings of the study include the possibility that social desirability effects could have operated to underplay sectarian attitudes. Again the limitations of a qualitative methodology in providing estimates of the extent of sectarianism in the broader population are acknowledged. Practical implications-Practical implications of the findings for controlling sectarianism and managing diversity are discussed in terms of organizational formalization, the promotion of a common ingroup workforce identity, and the informal procedures used by employees to manage difference on a day-to-day basis. Originality/value-The study is particularly pertinent, given that there has been little attempt to capture the experiences of sectarianism in workplaces from the perspective of managers, employees and trade union personnel.


Hawaii FAC Assignments
Pre-Program Assignments
Greetings Facilitators, We are looking forward to an exciting Playshop of facilitating rhythm and community. Here are your assignments, should you choose to do them. They are optional, but doing them will augment the Playshop's activities for you. I look forward to sharing our knowledge and spirit with each other when we meet in the circle. Get plenty of sleep before the program starts.
See you there!... Arthur
The following are the Playshop assignments for reading, writing and drum circle lists...
Reading Assignment
READ the book: Drum Circle Facilitation – Building Community Through Rhythm by Arthur Hull. Pay special attention to Chapters 4, 5, and 9.
Writing Assignment
All of the following writing assignments are due at the beginning of the program and will be shared with the group unless you put the word "Private" on the top of each page submitted.
 1. Write a one-page biographical essay with a photo of you attached to it.
 2. Do the 'Mission Statement' writing assignment on page 78 of the book: Drum Circle Facilitation. This should be one-page long and handed in at the start of the Playshop.
 If you are not yet facilitating rhythm-based events, then skip the following writing assignments. If you are currently facilitating rhythm-based events:
 3. Write one-page or less on the subject "my best drum circle" using the critique technique on page 108 of the book. Include your biggest learning.
 4. Write one-page or less on the subject "my worst drum circle" using the critique technique on page 108 of the book. Include your biggest learning.
By doing these assignments, you will turn your training into a launch pad for community service through rhythm...
Drum Circle List Assignment
SUBSCRIBE to the list and "learn" (read without responding) for a day or two. This will help you get in touch with the vast international facilitators' community.
To join the International Drum Circle List, email a blank message to:
Percussion Equipment
BRING a bell, a shaker, and a wood block or clave. Bring other "sound" percussion if you have them (Tibetan bells, rain sticks, gong, ankle bells, etc.).
BRING at least one drum. Bring more than one type of drum if possible. Example: one large hand drum like a Djembe, Conga, or Ashiko, and one small drum such as a Talking drum, bongo, or dun beck. We also will need Dun Duns, surdos, and base drums.
Please let us know in advance if you need a drum. We only have a few we can provide.
For the Closing Ceremony
STRING... Please bring 3 feet of colored string, or ribbon for the closing ceremonies, "thicker than thread but thinner than rope". As you select your string, imagine it being connected to all of the other facilitators' intentions and work in our drumming community as we continue to serve our growing "rhythmaculture".


What is Yin Yoga?
Updated: Jun 18, 2019
As a practitioner and teacher of different forms of yoga, I have to say that Yin is one of my favorite yoga classes to teach and to practice. It is also one of the more confusingly-named forms of yoga, especially for new students. What is Yin yoga?
Swan Variation
What is Yin yoga?
Yin yoga, developed in the 1970s in the West, is a fusion of Chinese Taoist (Daoist) perspectives with Indian yogic traditions, all brought into the modern era. Yin involves roughly three principles that differentiate it from other forms of yoga, such as the popular vinyasa power flow style (a form of yang, or active, yoga):
 1. Hold the Yin pose for some time - this is not a breath-to-movement flow. Yin poses are generally held for 3-5 minutes each, though the amount of time can vary.
 2. Find that edge where your comfort zone ends in a given pose. Then stay there or move deeper, as feels appropriate to your body (no pain my friend!).
 3. Refrain, to the best of your ability, from squirming, fidgeting, moving, etc. while in the pose. Change positions if there is pain, certainly. Here we focus on the breath to find both inner and outer stillness.
The concept of qi (chi) flowing through the body's meridians in Yin is the same concept as in acupuncture. Yin, however, involves acupressure through its poses. Yin works on the body's fascia and on certain joints. Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that mostly consists of collagen. It attaches and surrounds muscles and other internal organs throughout the body.
The concepts of qi and meridians are analogous to the traditional yogic concepts of prana (energy, breath) and nadis (channels). These all play a role in Yin yoga.
Supported Savasana Variation
What are some of the benefits of Yin?
-Acupressure; stimulates meridian lines
-Deep stretching of the connective tissues (this is the focus, rather than muscle stretching) and beneficial stress to the joints, especially in the low back, hips, and legs.
-Increases mobility
-Releases stress
-Improves posture and the ability to sit comfortably for meditation
I love teaching and practicing Yin for all of the above reasons. One of the most beneficial aspects I feel I can impart to students as a Yin teacher is the sense of holding space. I emphasize non-competitiveness in all the classes I teach - no competition with others and none with oneself. The depth a student may have experienced in the pose last week may not be the same as the depth the student experiences today, and that is ok. The practice is not rushed and the environment truly feels more leveled than in other types of yoga classes; you will not see someone pressing up into a handstand next to you in Yin. It is common for students with various injuries and at different stages of recovery to ease their way back into their yoga practice through Yin; it is also common to see high-energy yang yoga students fighting to remain still in the poses and sometimes doing anything they can to avoid a Yin class. Yet, this is the class that could benefit you most if you are very active, as it will balance the yang energies that power you through your day-to-day schedule. Yin is truly for everyone, regardless of mobility and ability.
Caterpillar Variation
What can I expect from your Yin yoga class?
From the physical aspect, we will move through approximately 5-7 different poses during the 60-minute class, holding each pose for usually 3-5 minutes on each side of the body. You'll need a yoga mat and comfortable clothes. We will begin the class with pranayama, or breath work, before beginning other movement. There will be many props at your disposal, such as bolsters, blankets, blocks, straps, and sandbags. I encourage the creative use of props as you seek to find the shape that challenges your body in the appropriate way. Throughout the class, I cue students into the poses and give several options for each pose.
Yin students leave the class feeling more "open" and mobile. Perhaps you will also feel relaxed with a sense of healing. You may sense a different sort of energy ("Yin energy") within you. For most, the practice of Yin is relaxing with a bit of an edge to it - it is not restorative yoga and is meant to be rather challenging. Depending on what the student's state of mind is when they enter into the practice, Yin may force out some interesting feelings, which may not always be pleasant. For students who find they must stay busy every minute of the day in order to have a "good" day, Yin could be very challenging as it encourages stillness - stillness with the self. I challenge you to give Yin a try.
As a note to those who would like to know the backstory of Yin yoga in greater detail, I recommend looking up Paulie Zink, Paul Grilley, Sarah Powers, and Bernie Clark's teachings. Also, check this out: Best Yoga Mats Based on In-Depth Reviews, A comprehensive guide to Eco-Friendly, Non-Toxic Yoga Mats
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Arrange two cameras in close proximity to a subject. Then press record. Close-Up is both a formal exercise and a video series taking a literal close look at Pittsburgh artists in performance. See more in this series here.
It took conductor and violinist Alejandro Pinzón four months to teach himself the bandoneón, a bellows instrument, like the accordion and the concertina, that is essential to both Argentinian tango and Lithuanian folk music. Originally used for chord-based sacred music, the German instrument—it's named for its creator, Heinrich Band—migrated to Argentina in the late 1800s where, Pinzón explains, tango musicians adopted it, appreciating the sadness of its tone, as opposed to the brighter sound of the accordion, and because of its portability.
Unlike the accordion, which has a keyboard, the bandoneón sports buttons. These buttons are typically bisonoric, meaning that each one is capable of producing a different sound on opening and closing. Hold down a key and pull the bellows apart, and one note fills the room. Hold down the same key and push, a different note is emitted. With two distinct button arrays on each side of the squeezebox, the musician must therefore navigate four different sets of notes, making the bandoneón particularly challenging.
In the first of a two-part edition of Close-Up, Pinzón plays the tango "A La Gran Muñeca," a song first performed in Buenos Aires in 1919 as part of a musical revue about a toy store where the dolls have come to life.
Pinzon is preparing for upcoming tours in Mexico and Nevada and will be performing in the Pittsburgh area this fall.


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In the Old Kingdom anklets were worn only by women, During the IVth, Vth and VIth Dynasties, anklets were usually made of beads threaded in several rows held together with spacer-bars. In the Middle Kingdom, it was worn by both men and women. A new design appeared consisting of a single or double string of amethyst beads from which hung a claw-pendant. During the XVIIIth Dynasty, anklets were very common and are shown as the normal wear for men and women as well as for the gods.
The narrow bangles of Predynastic Times continued to be worn in the Old Kingdom, but a new type of bracelet appeared consisting of rows of beads joined together by spacer-bars. Some bracelets can only have been made to be put in graves. The designs of the Old Kingdom continued in the Middle Kingdom but display four completely new features will exemplified in the finds from Dahshur and El-Lahun. There is a new type of gold spacer-bar, a new inlaid clasp and new amulets in the form of lions used exclusively for bracelets.
The broad bead collar is one of the most characteristic ornaments worn by the ancient Egyptians, both men and women. Collars were a necessary part of the funeral equipment since they had protective powers as amulets
The usekh-collar first appears in the IVth Dynasty and it continues unchanged until the end of the Middle Kingdom and, with some variations. A narrower type of collar was also in use. The large collar of Middle Kingdom made of ankh-,djed-, and was-signs with falcon-head terminals, the broad collar usekh, continued to be the main type of collar worn by men and women.
The diadem, which have survived from the Old Kingdom, are purely funerary. Two types have been found: a simple band of metal with a stylized papyrus knot or a bow at the back, and an elaborate diadem decorated with akh-birds between papyrus-heads. The third type of diadem is much the most elaborate and was worn only by princesses and the wives of high officials. It consisted of the usual circlet with papyrus-knot and streamers at the back, but with more flowers added round the band.
Middle Kingdom headdresses are much more varied than those of the Old Kingdom. The diadems so far found show that a tree or plumes could be attached to the back. But there are illustrations of this period which show a single lotus flower in this position.
The earliest New Kingdom diadem to be discovered belonged to king Nubkheperre Antef and is so fragile that it must have been made especially for the burial.
Although Vernier says that there were no earrings before the XVIIIth Dynasty, he records in his catalogue one of the XIth Dynasty and one of the XIIth Dynasty. Since earrings don't appear in the painted Coffin-friezes of the Middle Kingdom it may safely be inferred that they weren't part of the royal equipment during the Old Kingdom. Nor are earrings shown in the Old Kingdom sculpture apart from one notable example. It is a statue of a man of the Vth Dynasty. The earliest representation of earrings being worn by Egyptian occur in two Theban tombs in the XVIIIth Dynasty.
Some simple hoops of gold and copper have been found at Matmar, on the fingers of skeletons in graves which date from the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period. In the Middle Kingdom (The XIIth Dynasty), the rings with scarabs as a bezel appeared and some of them are uninscribed. The rings with a rectangular plaque bezel on a swivel came into fashion during the New Kingdom. Also the signet-rings were among the jewels given as rewards by the kings. The famous rings which belong to Tutankhamun, most of them were found on the royal mummy. The shape of finger-rings changed to a very distinctive form during the XXVIth Dynasty.
The rings are cast from gold or silver and the bezel is thick and raised high above the shank. One of the most famous of these rings belonged to a priest of Isis and Cheops, Neferibre.
In the Old Kingdom, there are two kinds: an apron of beads attached to the bottom of an usekh-collar and a similar trapeze-shaped apron. In the Middle Kingdom, there are no certain representations of men wearing pectorals. Although men had worn them in the Old Kingdom and the shape during the Middle Kingdom a small trapeze form, sometimes enclosed in a frame in the form of a shrine.
In the New Kingdom, the inlaid pectorals were found only in the treasures of Queen Ahhotep and king Tutankhamun, although they are on wall-paintings and coffins through out the XVIIIth Dynasty. No pectorals have been found dating from the Late Period but they were on statues.
Language: Aspects of writing | Linguistic Features | Hieroglyphs etc.Gods
Gods: Isis | Ra | Set | Osiris | Qebhsennef | Maat
Pyramids: Building stones | Egypt Land of the pyramids | Canstruction of Pyramids | Huni's Pyramid | Zoser's step Pyramid | Sneferu's Pyramid | The solar Boat | The grest pyeamid of cheops | Chephren's pyramid | Senusert I's pyramid | Sphinx
Paint: Introduction | Subjects of paint scenes
sports: Introduction | Chariots-training horses | Running | Combating sports | Aquatic sports | Competition | Games and toys | Acrobtics
jewellery: Introduction | Gold | Silver | The precious & semi-precious Stones | The substitutes of precious stones | Same kinds of jewellery | Discoveries of jewellery
Sculpture: Introduction | Old kingdom statues | Middle kingdom statues | New kingdom statues


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Massive landslide destroys natural wonder of Russia's Valley of Geysers
A massive landslide has all but obliterated one of Russia's most spectacular natural wonders, the Valley of Geysers.
The valley, in the Kronotsky national reserve in Kamchatka, the far-eastern peninsula famed for its volcanoes, contained about 90 geysers, as well as a number of thermal pools, and is the region's most popular tourist attraction.
A snow-covered mound collapsed on Sunday "within seconds" and caused a landslide, about a mile long and 600 feet wide, that buried two thirds of the valley, a park ranger, Valery Tsypkov, said on Russian television.
The landslide dumped millions of cubic metres of mud and stones and destroyed most of the valley's geysers and dozens of thermal springs. It stopped only yards from the valley's only hotel. Tourists and park personnel had to be evacuated, but no injuries were reported.
Natalya Radugova, director of the Kronotsky national reserve, said: "The splendour of the valley has changed beyond recognition." But some officials said they believed there was a positive side to the loss of the valley. The dam that has been formed will turn the valley - which was discovered only in 1941 - into a thermal lake that could become a new "tourist jewel of Russia", said a tourism official Denis Lazarev.
The extent of the damage to the valley's geysers was not immediately clear, but experts feared many of them have been obliterated.
"We witnessed a unique natural event," said Oleg Mitvol, the deputy head of Russia's environmental watchdog agency Rosprirodnadzor. "But the consequences of such a natural catastrophe are irreversible."
The sparsely populated Kamchatka peninsula lies about 4,000 miles east of Moscow. It was completely closed to foreigners until 1990, and now attracts thousands of tourists annually with its volcanoes, geysers and national parks.
The 800-mile-long peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk, is one of just five places in the world where geysers - springs ejecting hot water and steam into the air - are found.
"This is tragic for humankind, in that we have lost one of the great natural wonders of the world," said Laura Williams of the wildlife charity WWF on the organisation's website.
"But for Nature, this is only a blip in the history of the planet's evolution."
Notes from a small island: Is Sealand an independent'micronation' or an illegal fortress?
Justin Bieber's unfinished monkey business
World news in pictures
Cameron goes to war with press over'swivel-eyed loons' slur
Revealed: Eerie new images show forgotten French apartment that was abandoned at the outbreak of World War II and left untouched for 70 years
- 1 Tears and cheers as David Beckham ends glittering career after helping PSG to final win
- 2 Heading for America? Prepare for the longest US immigration queues ever
- 3 You thought Ryanair's attendants had it bad? Wait 'til you hear about their pilots
- 4 Cameron goes to war with press over'swivel-eyed loons' slur
- 5 It's official: thanks to Stephen Hawking's Israel boycott, anti-Semitism is no more
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Tensile Fabric Structures in UAE
Results 1 - 19 of 19
About Tensile Fabric Structures
Designing of interesting roof forms have become possible with the use of tensile fabric structures in UAE. These structures have been used in buildings since 1970s. Today they are used to give dramatic forms to architectural works. They offer variety to roofing forms in terms of translucency, colour, clear span and softness. Tensile fabric structures are lightweight and can be created into three dimensional forms by applying tension. Tensile structures are usually supported by as masts, rings or beams which work as compression or bending elements. These structures are resistant to fire, rain, sun and wind. They are also resistant to damage caused by blunt objects, but not to sharp ones.


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How to: Use Relative Time to Access Free/Busy Data
|How to: Use Relative Time to Access Free/Busy Data|
The IFreeBusyData interface in the Free/Busy API uses a concept of relative time, which is the number of minutes since January 1, 1601, expressed in Universal Time (UTC), and is a value of type LONG.
The following are some commonly used relative time values:

ULONG ulrtmMax = 1525252319L
ULONG ulrtmMin = 0L
Use the preceding maximum and minimum relative time values to help verify that your relative time values are valid.
Because NTFS records file times natively in FILETIME format, it might be handy to use the following code examples to convert relative time to and from FILETIME.


Bath and North East Somerset have developed a set of standards for Universal and SEN Support, called the Graduated Approach. This is a tool for settings from Early Years through to Further Education to ensure consistency in the identification, support and review of those children and young people with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND).
This Graduated Approach was trialed by a core group of SENCos across early years, primary, secondary and further education. We have also developed a Parent-Carer version to explain the Graduated Approach. The parent carer version can be found here or under downloads.
You can find the full Graduated Approach document under downloads. We have also broken down the document into sections (see hyperlinks below) to make it easier to view the most relevant section for you.
 1. Bath and North East Somerset - Universal and SEN Support: What are Special Educational Needs & What is a Disability?
2. Graduated Approach - What is a Graduated Approach?
3. Graduated Approach - Guidance
4. Graduated Approach Guidance - Identification of Need
5. Graduated Approach Guidance - Planning Support
6. Graduated Approach Guidance: Review
7. Graduated Approach Guidance: Education, Health and Care Needs Assessment


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Shungite influence on the water chemistry
A. Z Zaidenberg
Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia 185610
The Proterozoic rocks of the Shunga district (Karelia, Russia) have attracted interest for over one century because of their high carbon contents and unusual C forms. In addition to their geological fascination, shungites have properties that make them industrially interesting [ 1].
Shungite applications in adsorption of organic matter, bacterial and heavy metal removal, drinking water preparation were widely elaborated in Russia. Hypothesis concerning the role of shungite rocks in natural water systems recovering were also suggested.
Nevertheless, up to now the nature of shungite influence on the water chemistry, is not quite clear.
The most prominent features of shungite/water interaction are the following: pH alteration, extraction of metals and organic, formation of colloidal systems.
Results and Discussion
The most pronounced effects in water treatment were noticed for the so called 'type III' shungite from the Maksovo-Zazhogino deposit (Sh III). This rock is characterized by the inseparability of carbon and mineral parts and the following content (wt.%) •
C (20-32), SiO2 (57.0 -66.2), A1203 (3.20-4.45), TiO2 (0.16 - 0.3), Fe203 +FeO (1.0 - 2.3), MgO (0.4 - 0.8), CAO(0.07-0.3), K20(0.8- 1.6), Na20(0.11-0.3), MnO (0.01- 0.02), S (0.2 - 0.7).
The specific surface area measured by N2 adsorption BET technique is about 25 m 2 g-1. Neutral solutions became more acidic after the contact with Shungite III. The pH decrease up to 3.8-4.4, depending on the particle size and the Shungite - water contact conditions was found. Among possible reasons the following might take place: the influence of surface groups, catalytic destruction of organic substances, and also electrochemical reactions, in particular
4Fe(III) + C + H20 - CO2 +4Fe(II) +4H
C (O)ads + OH--- CO2 +21-1 + +3e
C (O)ads + OH --- C +H202 + e
Extraction of elemems from Shungite III under different conditions such as exposure time, electrolyte content and concentration was
investigated. Among the most intensively extracted substances Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ni, AI, SO4, C1, S were found. It was also shown that thermal treatment as well as fine grinding influence greatly on the character of the extraction process. In particular, increase of Na and K and decrease of AI, Fe, Ni, Cr, V extraction were noticed under both kinds of treatment.
Formation of colloidal systems is possible as a result of AI, Fc and SO4 presence in water contacted with Shungite III. However, the most unusual colloid is formed due to the Shungite rock 'dissolution', so that each micron sized colloidal particle includes carbon and mineral parts. The close connection between carbon and minerals is the very specific feature of shungite rocks which might reflect shungite origin from carbonsilicone precursor. We assumed that this feature would allow us to use shungite in a treatment of oily wastes. Indeed, we found it possible to clean water from oil up to the very high level - 0.02 - 0.05 mg/1. In this case adsorption capacity was about 60-100 mg/g and the water /sorbent ratio was as high as (_PHONE_) : 1, depending on the condition of the process.
Electrochemical treatment of the Shungite filters is possible because of Shungite rocks high conductivi.ty (1000 S m ~ ) [5}. The later also allows us to use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy methods to control conditions of the process, such as electrolyte concentration, velocity, and also pressure applied to the shungite filter. We found that one can strongly increase the pH alternation and extraction of Fe(II)as a result of 2-10 V dc. polarization (figure 1).
Figure 1. pH and Fe(II) vs. time plots for 2, 4, 6 V shungite filter polarization
Obtained data allowed us to use Shungite III as an electrode material in flow-type electrolyzers for drinking water preparation and heavy metals (copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc) removal.
Figure 2. Power consumption vs. time plots for heavy metals electrodeposition process.
In the later case about 90% of metals were removed from sulfate solutions and 100% of nickel was precipitated in a water-ammonia solution. Practically a complete extraction of cobalt and zinc was achieved with a power consumption shown in figure 2. In addition to the above reduction of Cr (VI)to 10-100 times less toxic Cr (III) was pointed. The later allows us to elaborate a practical system for Cr (VI) removal. The main advantages of the system are the following:I) using of low cost adsorbent made of Sh III rock and timber industry waste products combination, 2) elimination of the pH adjustment step, 3) easy utilization of the exhausted adsorbent by thermal oxidation. The ash containing up to 90 wt.% chrome (III) oxide can be used in metallurgy as an abrasive and pigmem.
The results allow us to use shungite as a new carbonmineral adsorbent and also utilize its specific properties: pH alteration, formation of the colloid systems and high electroconductivity in flow-type electrolyzers for heavy metals removal.
The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Intellectual Collaboration (grant "Shungite').
1. Kalinin, Yu.K., Proc. Of the All -Union Society of Mineralogy, CXIX, NS, 1990, 1-8 (in Russ.)
2. ~ev, E.F, Kalinin, Yu.K., Zaguralskaya, L.M., Zaidenberg, A.Z., in Geology and Protection of Mineral Wealth of Karelia. Karelian Research Center, Russ..Acad. of Sci., Petrozavodsk, 1992, p. 20 (in Russ.).
3. Kalinin, A.I., Theoretical basis for self recovering processes of contaminated water. Proc. St. Petersburg Center of Ecological Security.
4. Zaidenberg, A.Z.,. Bormatov, A.A., Beloshapkin, A.A., Dyukkiev, E.F, in Engineering Problems in Ecology, (Ext. Abstr. Ira. Conf.), Vologda, Russia, 1993, pp. 15-21 (in Russ.).
5. Parfenyeva, L.S., Smimov, I.A, Zaidenberg, A.Z., Rozhkova, N.N., Stefanovich, G.B., Russ. Phys. Sol. State, 1994, 36, pp.234-236
6. Solovov, V.K., Tupolev, A.G., Zaidenberg, A.Z., Zverev, A.A., Kalinin Yu.K., in MICC-90 Moscow International Composites Conference, ed. I.N. Fridlyander, V.I. Kostikov. Elsvier Applied Science. London and NY, 1991. pp. 1343- 1347.


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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Assistant Administrator for Water, Benjamin Grumbles, celebrated 30 years of progress under the Safe Drinking Water Act today at the Clayton County, Georgia Water Authority. The Assistant Administrator visited the Clayton County Water Authority to see how the utility is using innovative technology for making drinking water safer in the 21st century.
"We salute the Safe Drinking Water Act and the many Americans who work hard to make sure our water is safe to drink," Grumbles said. "We can all help – by working within our own communities to prevent contamination in the lakes, rivers, streams, and underground aquifers that are the source of our water supply."
Grumbles praised the Clayton County Water Authority for taking action to go beyond regulatory requirements in ensuring that their customers have access to safe drinking water. In addition to conventional treatment, the Authority uses ultraviolet disinfection at all of their treatment plants to provide greater removal of microbial pathogens that can negatively impact human health by causing gastrointestinal illness.
Throughout 2005, EPA will recognize the anniversary of the Act by conducting a campaign focused on four themes: "Community Water Systems: The Backbone of Public Health;" "Protecting Sources of Drinking Water;" "Public Involvement in Safe Drinking Water;" and "Planning for the Future."
Visit _URL_ to view fact sheets created in commemoration of the anniversary and for updates on events and activities.


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- Krantz (Solanum tuberosum)
ORIGIN: Released jointly by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in 1985. Krantz was selected
simultaneously in seedling populations by both the Texas and Minnesota
breeding programs from a cross between MN366.65-3 and C6743-5. It
was tested as MNTX5-8-1RU and MN9648.
CHARACTERISTICS: Krantz combines yield and specific gravity equal
or exceeding that of Norgold Russet with exceptional boiling and
baking qualities. Krantz processes well for fresh or frozen french
fries. Total glycoalkaloid content is low (2.5 mg/100g fresh weight).
Plants are medium-late maturity, tall, vigorous and
upright. Stems are medium thick with a reddish tinge at the nodes.
Wings are straight, single, but not prominent. Leaves are flat, medium
sized, smooth and glossy, having decurrent (extending downward),
irregular terminal leaflets and 3-5 pairs of asymmetrical, flat primary
leaflets. Secondary leaflets are small, between primary leaflets.
The inflorescence is on a long peduncle, with reddish buds, large
white corollas and green anthers. Tubers are oblong to slightly blocky,
russet-skinned, with shallow eyes, white flesh and short dormancy.
Tuber bulking occurs early.
STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES: Krantz
is well-adapted to growing areas with irrigated, sandy solid, but
susceptibility to growth cracking has been found in heavier soils
and in areas with non-irrigated sandy soils. Tuber netting is very
light in some soils or under certain growing conditions. Krantz has
high resistance to common scab and hollow heart, with very high field
resistance to late blight, and moderate resistance to Verticillium.
It is susceptible to early blight and potato viruses S and Y. Emergence
and early plant growth can be slow and irregular.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Many people believe Hungarian notation is bad. How then do you name a variables that represent the same value casted to different types?
I've got a variable called value, that might be a string, or a decimal. What would you call the different formats? strValue, decValue? valueAsString?
share|improve this question
I don't worry about it, I just use the most apt name for it, and cast it as needed. I guess if it really mattered I'd make an object out of it and use value.asString() or value.asInt(). – jcomeau_ictx Nov 12 '10 at 3:15
It's actually a little more than just a cast...more like parsing. It doesn't have a big enough scope to warrant its own class though. – Mark Nov 12 '10 at 3:49
Arguably, if there is custom parsing etc, that probably makes a good case for a simple struct to encapsulate the parsing logic etc; I am thinking along the lines of int.Parse. – Chris Baxter Nov 12 '10 at 4:08
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
I think it would largely depend on the context. For instance if the string value was named age, and the decimal was the parsed value then perhaps parsedAge or something along those lines. Really it comes down to what makes sense given what you are doing and the lifetime of that variable. If it only exists long enough to actually collect and parse the value, then I would give the better name to the parsed variable or worry less about the naming of the intermediary.
If you actually need to hold on to both values, then I might consider creating a struct or some similar data structure that represents the various forms for that data value to prevents the need to shift between string and decimal formats etc.
share|improve this answer
I'm parsing the value up front, and then later on depending on which branch it takes, it might use either value, so I'm holding on to both. Both values would be considered "parsed" so naming like that doesn't really make sense. – Mark Nov 12 '10 at 3:48
_USER_ - Makes sense, does the branch taken at all depend on the "parsed" values? If not, can you push the parsing down to where it is needed? Either that, or the struct may be the way to go. – Chris Baxter Nov 12 '10 at 3:57
Actually there's a switch... about a 3rd of them need one value, a 3rd need another, some need both... can't really push it down :) – Mark Nov 12 '10 at 6:22
Your Answer


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Elementary and Secondary
In Ontario, you have the option of sending your child to a public or a private school, each offering elementary and secondary education. There is no cost to attend public schools in Ontario, which receive government funding. If you choose to send your child to a private school, you will have to pay their tuition fees.
Every child aged 6-18 can attend school, regardless of their immigration status or the immigration status of their families. To register your child in school, you will need to the following:
- Proof of your child's age – a birth certificate or passport.
- Proof of address – a copy of a bank statement, telephone or electrical bill or apartment lease with your name and address.
- Proof of guardianship – required if your child is under 18 years of age and is not living with a parent.
- Proof of immigration status.
- Immunization record – proof that your child has been immunized.
Children and adolescents attending school in Ontario must have proof of immunization against a number of diseases. The Eastern Ontario Health Unit (EOHU) offers weekly immunization clinics in all its offices. This service is free for all children.
Many children begin elementary school in a Kindergarten program at age 4 or 5. Kindergarten is also called the Early Years program in Ontario. Junior Kindergarten is available to children who are 4 years of age and Senior Kindergarten is available to children who are 5 years old. Junior and Senior Kindergarten are optional programs, and there is not cost to these programs.
Elementary schools offer instructions from grades 1 to 8. Students must begin elementary school, or grade 1, when they are 6 years of age. Students complete elementary school when they are 13 years old and have completed grade 8.
Secondary schools are also called high schools. They provide instruction from grades 9 to 12. Students begin high school at 14 years of age and graduate when they are 18 years old. Once graduate, students will receive an Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD).
Although students tend to complete high school in four years, students also have the option of taking a fifth year or an additional semester. This can allow them to take fewer course each year or retake certain classes if needed.
Generally, students attend school Monday to Friday, and the school day lasts about 6 hours.
Junior and Senior Kindergarten students usually attend for only half a day but there are options to attend a full day program.
Most children bring lunch with them to school. Some children go home for lunch if they live close by and if a parent is at home. There are also usually short breaks in the day known as "recess," when children are free to play in the schoolyard.
Fore more information on what your child will be learning (known as their "curriculum"), please visit the website listed below:
Cornwall has four school boards that receive government funding. Together, these school boards operate a total of 32 schools.
- The Upper Canada District School Board is an English public school board.
- The Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario is an English Catholic school board.
- The Conseil scolaire du district catholique de l'Est ontarien is a French Catholic school board.
- The Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario is a French public school board.


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3rd floor CTK Building 2, #70 Nicanor Roxas St. Brgy. Lourdes
- Run general errands, such as but not limited to, bills payment, bank transactions, pick up and/or deliver packages or documents.
- Perform collection activities in coordination with Finance.
- Ensure proper documentation of activities by providing official receipts and other documents required for liquidation.
- Keep accurate logs and complete paperwork for tasks or activities.
- Ensure proper office housekeeping.
- Perform general office or clerical work such as filing of documents, operating office equipment, etc.
- Assist and support the Office Manager.
- Other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned by the immediate supervisor.
- Has a strict commitment to deliver documents without viewing or revealing any of the information unless necessary or told to do so.
- Ensures security maximum efficiency in the conduct of tasks and activities.
- Observes the policies and processes in place in the conduct of duty.
- Transacts on behalf of Evident in a professional manner.
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text:
UNDERSTANDING SURGE PRESSURES IN PIPING SYSTEMS
A surge in pressure within a piping system, known as water or fluid hammer, occurs whenever the linear flow rate of fluid in pipe changes quickly – when pumps start or stop, valves open or close with quick acting actuation devices, or entrapped air moves within the system. The longer the pipe line and the faster the fluid is moving, the greater potential for shock.
Surges in pressure place stress on piping materials and joints and can cause physical movement of the piping system. Engineering designs must incorporate controls that can maintain surge pressures within the piping system's capabilities and eliminate or minimize physical motion of the system. It is very possible to have surge pressures twice as high as normal operating pressure. Long term performance of the piping system can be affected by repetitive shock waves, potentially resulting in leaks and other costly damage.
Some surge pressure problems result from poor piping system design – no matter what material is used for the system. Reducing the pipe size too quickly, for example, can result in surge pressure issues. The system may include 8-inch pipe when entering a tee and reduce down to two 3-inch pipes coming out of the tee. This type of situation creates a surge pressure inside the tee as the fluid has to greatly increase in linear velocity to push the same volume flow rate through a smaller cross-sectional flow area.
Different materials perform differently in surge pressure situations depending upon their strength and elasticity. Understanding the material used in a piping system and designing the system to regulate pressure and fluid flow velocities according to its capabilities are important for the system's long-term performance. Proper sizing of pipe throughout the system, regulation of the speed with which valves and pumps actuate, and incorporation of surge dampening devices can limit the impact of hydraulic shock and keep the total system pressure within the design parameters.
Calculating Surge Pressure
Designers and engineers can control some factors relative to surge pressure – such as pipe diameter and fluid velocity – while factors such as fluid properties are based on the application. Engineers may use the following equation to calculate a piping system's maximum surge pressure:
Surge pressure should always be calculated as an addition to the system's operating pressure. The combined surge pressure and operating pressure must never exceed 1.5 times the system's maximum working pressure.
The values in the tables linked below are based on the above formula at 73°F and the assumption that water flowing at a given rate of gallons per minute will suddenly and completely stop. The surge pressure is approximately 15 percent less at 180°F. Values for fluids other than water may be calculated by multiplying the square root of the fluid's specific gravity.
The tables that follow show carrying capacity and friction loss for Schedule 80 piping and include both independent and dependent variables.
Carrying Capacity and Friction Loss for Schedule 80 Corzan CPVC Pipe (PDF)
Designing to Minimize Surge Pressure
Engineers have several options when designing piping systems to help minimize the negative impact of surge pressure. Properly sizing pipes, for example, is the most effective way to control fluid velocity. The larger the pipe diameter, the slower the fluid velocity for a given volumetric flow rate. This variable should be adjusted to maintain the required flow rate while keeping surge pressure below 1.5 times the piping material's maximum working pressure.
Linear fluid flow velocity within a piping system should generally be limited to 5 ft/s for industrial applications, especially for pipes six inches or larger. Air should never be allowed to accumulate in the system while it is operating. During start up, the fluid velocity within the system should be limited to 1 ft/s while filling or until all air has been flushed out and the pressure brought up to operating conditions. In addition, pumps should never be allowed to draw in air.
Extra protective equipment may be used to prevent surge pressure or water hammer in pipes. Such equipment might include pressure relief valves, shock absorbers, surge arrestors and air vacuum relief valves. Fast-acting valves should always be regulated to help prevent hydraulic shock.
Combining Quality Piping and Proper Design for Reliable, Long-Term Performance
Excessive surge pressure places added stress on materials and joints and can fatigue the system to the point of failure over time. Different materials perform differently in surge pressure situations depending upon their strength and elasticity, which is why it is important to understand the material that will be used for the piping system and properly design the system to avoid costly surge pressure issues.
When properly designed and installed, a Corzan CPVC piping system will provide years of reliable and productive service with minimal life-cycle costs. With over 60 years of proven success in a range of challenging industrial environments, Corzan CPVC offers an excellent balance of properties to meet specific application needs.
Learn more about Corzan CPVC piping and how to minimize surge pressure in industrial applications. Contact a Corzan Piping System Consultant or a partner manufacturer for a free consultation.
Details for this blog were taken in part from the following resources:


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ISS 2020: NASA's the Most Important Experiments
ISS & NASA have done the most important experiments of the year during 2020.
In recent days we have seen the publication of many celebratory posts that have summarized the main events of 2020. NASA also wanted to have its say, sharing an update about the most important discoveries and experiments that have been conducted in the last 12 months on the Station International Space.
Activities on the ISS are always going on and on, and every year there are many significant experiments. NASA says that there are dozens of experiments in progress at any time of the year at the same time. It includes many of a medical nature, such as studies about Parkinson's.
Over the last year of the Station – more precisely between 1 October 2019 and 1 October 2020 – more than 300 scientific publications have been identified based on data and experiments from the ISS, testifying how this laboratory is fundamental for developing research around the world.
One of the most significant discoveries of 2020 bears an all-Italian signature. It is the result of 5 years of research by the Italian Space Agency, the University of Milan and the University of Pavia. The initial experiment was conducted in 2015 by the team led by Samantha Cristoforetti.
The publication arrived in 2020 and demonstrated how the use of individual nanoparticles could counteract osteoporosis. These push the stem cells to transform into osteoblasts, therefore cells that actively contribute to good bone health maintenance.
In this case, the ISS offers a study environment that can hardly be reproduced on Earth, as its fundamental characteristics (microgravity and being outside the atmosphere) are responsible for accelerating osteoporosis in living organisms' bones., which is why it becomes easier to verify the effectiveness of the solutions studied. The results of the Italian research will have positive implications both for future astronauts and for Earth patients.
Remaining in the medical field, a study by the Canadian Space Agency MARROW examined the issue of anaemia – another typical problem of space travel – and confirmed that the loss of red blood cells is directly proportional to the time spent in space. Once back on Earth, the recovery times are between 1 and 3 months, depending on the duration of the mission. On the other hand, another experiment made it possible to discover a reliable indicator that certifies the destruction of red blood cells in human blood, a useful data to verify the actual danger of some, particularly extreme environments.
Among other noteworthy experiments, we find that relating to a drug capable of preventing the loss of lean and muscle mass through the use of myostatin, the discovery of an exoplanet by Asteria. This experiment demonstrates how using a control system with force feedback can improve the remote manoeuvrability of rovers in microgravity environments, one dedicated to the study of lightning storms and their effects on the atmosphere and much more.


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Although many people use the terms interchangeably, there is a significant difference between a nanny and an au pair.
Differences between an au pair and a nanny:
- Au pairs are, by definition, young people from overseas who travel legally to the U.S.to care for children on a cultural exchange visa. Nannies can be anyone employed to care for a child in its own home.
- Nannies can work part-time, full-time or even overtime. Au pairs working conditions are regulated by the U.S. Department of State, so there are rules that must be followed. An au pair can work up to (but no more than) 45 hours a week, 10 hours per day.
- Nanny fees vary widely depending on if they are part-time or full-time, how many children you have, and where you live. The cost of hosting an au pair can be broken down into two main parts: Fees paid to an agency for the program administration and year-round support, and a minimum weekly stipend of $195.75, paid directly to your au pair.
- Some nannies are professionally trained and are in the field as a career. Others become nannies as a temporary way to earn money while they decide on college or other career paths. Au pairs are not professionally trained but many of them have hundreds, even thousands, of hours of experience as babysitters, tutors, kindergarten assistants, camp counselors and sports instructors.
- Nannies are employees. Au pairs are not considered an employee but rather an extended family member. The term au pair means "on par".


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This post isn't about "tiled UVs" ("UDIM"), it's about multiple UV sets (layouts).
Polygon mesh models can have multiple UV sets. this becomes useful when the UV layout that is optimal for a certain texture isn't efficient for different texture (in the same material).
For example, we might have a model of furniture, or clothing, in which the UV layout that is best for the fabric weave pattern, isn't the best for dirt and wear & tear, or stickers.
In such cases we can define different UV sets for the model, each suitable for a different texture.
In this example, having a separate UV Set for the logo texture allows placing it without affecting the checker texture that is displayed an all the surfaces:
To create multiple UV sets:
- In the UV editor view, from the UV Sets menu, select UV Set Editor to open the UV Set Editor:
- In the UV Set Editor, press the New button to create a new UV Set and double click it in the list to rename it:
- Close the UV Sets Editor.
The UV Editor view now displays the new UV Set that is empty, and UV creation and editing operations will now affect the new UV Set.
- To switch to edit a different UV Set, select it from the list at the bottom of the UV Sets menu:
To link a texture to a specific UV Set:
- Make sure the texture is connected to the material set for the model.
- Select the model.
- Open Windows > Relationship Editors > UV Linking > Texture-Centric:
- Select the wanted texture from the material texture list on the left and select the wanted UV Set from the models UV Sets list on the right:
Basic UV Unwrapping
More posts about Maya
By default, the view-ports Camera view in Blender displays the view from the camera that is set as the scene's Active Camera.
If you split the view and in the new view select a different camera and set it as the Active Camera, the view in other view-ports set to camera view will update to display the new Active camera.
In short, by default, it seems you can't assign different camera views to different view-ports..
But you can…
You just have to unlock the wanted view-port from the scene's Active Camera by de-activating this button:
When the Use the scene's Active Camera and layers in this view button is de-activated, your allowed to set an Active Camera for the specific view-port without changing the scene's Active Camera setting, therefore not affecting other view-ports displaying the camera view.
Use the Select Pattern tool to select multiple objects with name similarities.
- In the 3D View in Object mode choose Select > Select Pattern…
- In the Select Pattern dialog, type a part of a name with an Asterisk to define wild cards.
For example *car* will select all objects who's names contain the string 'car',
And car* will select all objects who's names begin with the string 'car'.
To remove all the selected objects from all Groups:
Press Shift + Ctrl + Alt + G
1) Select multiple objects
2) Alt + Click wanted parameter and change it
1) Select multiple objects
2) Set the wanted parameter
3) right click parameter and choose 'Copy To Selected'
* Do the same for grouped parameters like vectors using 'Copy All To Selected'


escuela/colegio particular - subvencionado
Discussion in 'Spanish-English Vocabulary / Vocabulario Español-Inglés' started by newdoomer, Aug 4, 2007.
 1. newdoomer
 newdoomer Senior Member
 Pirque, Chile
 Chile - Español
 In Chile we have a least three types of school:
 Public schools, "colegios particulares" (private school) and "colegios particular - subvencionados" this kind of school is a privare school that recieves aid from the government. Is there a term in Englsih to describe this type of schools?
 My try (I'm not sure)
 "Private-subsidized", "private - government subsidized"
 Thanks in advance
 2. anam
 anam Senior Member
 Spanish, Spain
 subsidised (o subsidized) private schools?
 3. ween New Member
 English - USA
 In the US within the last 10-15 years, a new type of publically funded school has come into existence. It's called a "charter school." Charter schools came about in response to the perception that the public schools were inadequate or failing. Many are located in urban areas. I think that there are very few in suburban or rural areas. The rules governing charter schools vary by school district (a subunit of local governments). I believe that most charter schools are run by for-profit companies under the supervision of the local school district.
 Private schools --I teach at one-- may receive government monies for some things, such as textbooks and bus transportation for students. Each textbook must have a government stamp mark in it!
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I am trying to convert UTM to a latlong point. To get that done I need to know the zone where the UTM coordinates are. how can I find the zone from UTM?. the place coordinates that I work on lay on zone 39 and 40.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In general, you cannot determine the zone from the coordinates: that's why the zone is needed!
In your case, though, it sounds like you are looking within a small area that straddles neighboring zones. In that case, locations in zone 39 will have large positive x-values and locations in zone 40 will have negative or small positive x-values: that's how you can tell them apart. This approach will work provided your area does not extend more than six degrees in longitude from east to west (the width of one zone). (In general, compute the longitude using both zone options and choose the one that falls within your area of interest.)
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On a matter of pedantry, UTM zones have a false easting big enough to cover quite a lot of the westward neighbour, so it is unlikely x-values will be negative, just nearer zero. But your assertion still stands. – MerseyViking Apr 13 '12 at 15:04
Thanks _USER_, I had forgotten about that. I had better edit the reply. – whuber Apr 13 '12 at 15:05
sounds nice to work out the LatLong boundaries for the place and try 39 and check the result if it lands in the specified boundaries. if not try 40. thanks a lot. – Sami Al-Subhi Apr 13 '12 at 15:30
You can identify the zone on this map: _URL_
Once you find your zone, then you can easily convert the UTM coordinates to any coordinates using _URL_.
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Is it made of earth or brick? Â This is a common distinction in the world of wood-fired ovens and comes with a whole slew of assumptions. Â "Earth ovens are cheaper, easier to build but less durable." Â "Brick ovens are expensive, harder to build but more professional and will last longer." Â The oven build documented below is an exploration of the combination of these techniques to leverage the advantages of each. Â We use earth where its sculptural quality allows us to perfectly mold it to the shape that we desire. Â We use brick where it will give a good durable surface for cooking and in the entrance way to withstand the abuse of heated and passionate cooking. Â The bookÂ Build Your Own Earth Oven provides further reference for these techniques.
Using rope to define the shape of the catenary vault. Â The plywood is cut and the negative shape is used as a screed.
Eventually, a whole outdoor kitchen and service bar was built around the oven!….
Useful Links for Further Reading:
- The book Build Your Own Earth Oven!
- Arcticle – Improving Earth Ovens: Experiments in DIY Earthen Castable Refractory


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Educational Policy, Mission, School Motto
- The Educational Policy of Aoyama Gakuin
- The Mission of Aoyama Gakuin University
- Aoyama Gakuin School Motto
The Educational Policy of Aoyama Gakuin
The Mission of Aoyama Gakuin University
Aoyama Gakuin School Motto
Jesus Christ spoke of "the salt of the earth" and "the light of the world," but this was a proclamation rather than an exhortation. Aoyama Gakuin is founded on the basis of the proclamation that your life is of inestimable value.
The Salt of the Earth: Salt adds taste, prevents spoilage and is used for purification. The human body needs a 0.7% concentration salt and we must consume 10–15 grams a day to live. This school will continue to produce individuals who strive to contribute significantly to society, resist corruption, and purify its degradation with creativity and humility.
 Light provides brightness and warmth. Light leads people like a guiding light at a lighthouse, and it also disinfects and nourishes. In the same way, this school will forthrightly endeavor to create a robust and energetic society, igniting the spark of hope.
In contrast to its literal meanings, earth and world stand for "a world without God" and "the loss of human dignity." Hence, as the individuals who make up Aoyama Gakuin we are blessed by God as "Salt" and "Light," and we will strive to fulfill our purpose.


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The concrete is subjected to changes in volume either autogenous or induced. Volume change is one of the most detrimental properties of concrete, which affects the long-term strength and durability. To the practical engineer, the aspect of volume change in concrete is important from the point of view that it causes unsightly cracks in concrete. The effect of volume change due to thermal properties of aggregate and concrete, due to alkali/aggregate reaction, due to sulphate action etc. Presently we shall discuss the volume change on account of inherenet properties of concrete "shrinkage".One of the most objectionable defects in concrete is the presence of cracks, particularly in floors and pavements. One of the important factors that contribute to the cracks in floors and pavements is that due to shrinkage. It is difficult to make concrete which does not shrink and crack. It is only a question of magnitude. Now the question is how to reduce the shrinkage and shrinkage cracks in concrete structures. As shrinkage is an inherent property of concrete it demands greater understanding of the various properties of concrete, which influence its shrinkage characteristics. It is only when the mechanism of all kinds of shrinkage and the factors affecting the shrinkage are understood, an engineer will be in a better position to control and limit the shrinkage in the body of concrete.
The term shrinkage is loosely used to describe the various aspects of volume changes in concrete due to loss of moisture at different stages due to different reasons. To understand this aspect more closely, shrinkage can be classified in the following ways,
1. Plastic Shrinkage
2. Drying Shrinkage
3. Autogeneous Shrinkage
4. Carbonation Shrinkage.
1. Plastic shrinkage :
Shrinkage of this type manifests itself soon after the concrete is placed in the forms while the concrete is still in the plastic state. Loss of water by evaporation from the surface of concrete or by the absorption by aggregate or subgrade, is believed to be the reasons of plastic shrinkage. The loss of water results in the reduction of volume. The aggregate particles or the reinforcement comes in the way of subsidence due to which cracks may appear at the surface or internally around the aggregate or reinforcement.
In case of floors and pavements where the surface area exposed to drying is large as compared to depth, when this large surface is exposed to hot sun and drying wind, the surface of concrete dries very fast which results in plastic shrinkage.
Sometimes even if the concrete is not subjected to severe drying, but poorly made with a high water/ cement ratio, large quantity of water bleeds and accumulates at the surface. When this water at the surface dries out, the surface concrete collapses causing cracks.
Plastic concrete is sometimes subjected to unintended vibration or yielding of formwork support which again causes plastic shrinkage cracks as the concrete at this stage has not developed enough strength. From the above it can be inferred that high water/ cement ratio, badly proportioned concrete, rapid drying, greater bleeding, unintended vibration etc., are some of the reasons for plastic shrinkage. It can also be further added that richer concrete undergoes greater plastic shrinkage.
Plastic shrinkage can be reduced mainly by preventing the rapid loss of water from surface. This can be done by covering the surface with polyethylene sheeting immediately on finishing operation; by monomolecular coatings by fog spray that keeps the surface moist; or by working at night. An effective method of removing plastic shrinkage cracks is to revibrate the concrete in a controlled manner. Use of small quantity of aluminium power is also suggested to offset the effect of plastic shrinkage. Similarly, expansive cement or shrinkage compensating cement also can be used for controlling the shrinkage during the setting o f concrete. The principal property of such cement is that the expansion induced in the plastic concrete will almost offset the normal shrinkage due to lo ss o f mo isture. Under correct usage, the distance between the joints can sometimes be tripled without increasing the level of shrinkage cracking. Further, use of unneeded high slump concrete, over sanded mix, higher air entraining should be discouraged in order to reduce the higher plastic shrinkage.
2. Drying Shrinkage:
Just as the hydration of cement is an ever lasting process, the drying shrinkage is also an ever lasting process when concrete is subjected to drying conditions. The drying shrinkage of concrete is analogous to the mechanism of drying of timber specimen. The loss of free water contained in hardened concrete, does not result in any appreciable dimension change. It is the loss of water held in gel pores that causes the change in the volume. Under drying conditions, the gel water is lost progressively over a long time, as long as the concrete is kept in drying conditions. It is theoretically estimated that the total linear change due to long time drying shrinkage could be of the order of 10,000 microns. But values upto 4,000 microns have been actually observed.
Cement paste shrinks more than mortar and mortar shrinks more than concrete. Concrete made with smaller size aggregate shrinks more than concrete made with bigger size aggregate. The magnitude of drying shrinkage is also a function of the fineness of gel. The finer the gel the more is the shrinkage. It has been pointed out earlier that the high pressure steam cured concrete with low specific surface of gel, shrinks much less than that of normally cured cement gel.
3. Autogeneous Shrinkage:
In a conservative system i.e. where no moisture movement to or from the paste is permitted, when temperature is constant some shrinkage may occur. The shrinkage of such a conservative system is known as a autogeneous shrinkage.
Autogeneous shrinkage is of minor importance and is not applicable in practice to many situations except that of mass of concrete in the interior of a concrete dam. The magnitude of autogeneous shrinkage is in the order of about 100 microns.
4. Carbonation Shrinkage:
Carbonation shrinkage is a phenomenon very recently recognised. Carbon dioxide present in the atmoshphere reacts in the presence of water with hydrated cement. Calcium hydroxide gets converted to calcium carbonate and also some other cement compounds are decomposed. Such a complete decomposition of calcium compound in hydrated cement is chemically possible even at the low pressure of carbon dioxide in normal atmoshphere. Carbonation penetrates beyond the exposed surface of concrete only very slowly.
The rate of penetration of carbon dioxide depends also on the moisture content of the concrete and the relative humidity of the ambient medium. Carbonation is accompanied by an increase in weight of the concrete and by shrinkage. Carbonation shrinkage is probably caused by the dissolution of crystals of calcium hydroxide and deposition of calcium carbonate in its place. As the new product is less in volume than the product replaced, shrinkage takes place.
Carbonation of concrete also results in increased strength and reduced permeability, possibly because water released by carbonation promotes the process of hydration and also calcium carbonate reduces the voids within the cement paste. As the magnitude of carbonation shrinkage is very small when compared to long term drying shrinkage, this aspect is not of much significance. But carbonation reduces the alkalinity of concrete which gives a protective coating to the reinforcement against rusting. If depth of carbonation reaches up to steel reinforcements, the steel becomes liable for corrosion.


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President Pranab Mukherjee has given assent to Payment of Wages (Amendment) Ordinance, 2016, to enable industries to pay wages by cheque or credit into the bank accounts of workers.
The ordinance amends the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 to encourage cashless transactions. With this assent the ordinance becomes law as per article 123 of the Constitution.
Key Provisions of Ordinance
- Allows industries to pay wages to workers earning up to Rs. 18,000 per month, without taking their explicit consent as required under present Act.
- Empowers the Union and State governments to specify industries or establishments where wage payments can be made mandatory through banks.
- However, it is not mandatory for employers to make wage payments through the banking system and they can still pay in cash.
The Union Government had decided to take the ordinance route because after demonetisation of the Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 banknotes in November 2016 had led to a cash crunch, and employers were finding it tough to pay workers in cash. The Payment of Wages (Amendment) Bill, 2016, introduced in Parliament was also not able get passed during winter session of the Parliament.
Article 123 of Constitution: It gives legislative power to President. He can issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session (i.e. recess) if there is urgent need to have a law on some urgent public matter. The promulgated ordinance has similar effect to an act of parliament. However, every ordinance must be laid and approved by both houses of the parliament within 6 weeks from the reassembling. If not placed and approved by both houses of the parliament after reassembling it lapses or becomes invalid.


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RENO, Nevada -- While mammography is still considered the gold standard for detecting breast cancer, a Reno, Nevada company is developing a new screening tool that's non invasive, non compression, and extremely accurate.
Matthew Benardis' company, First Warning Systems, has developed a bra that can detect temperature changes in a woman's breasts, which could signal breast cancer, with the help of 16 sensors, eight on each breast.
Women would wear the bras for 12 hours, starting at 18 years old, as part of their annual health screening to gather the data for doctors.
First Warning Systems hopes to have the bra available for public use in the middle of next year.
To learn more about First Warning Systems, click here.


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|Paige, Ginger - UNIV. OF ARIZ.|
Submitted to: Multiobjective Decision Support System Conference
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: July 23, 1995
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: The primary purpose of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Restoration Program is to manage the health and ecological risks associated with intentional and accidental releases of radioactive and hazardous contaminants to the environment. At DOE sites where health and ecological risks are considered to be low based on preliminary baseline risk assessment studies, regulatory requirements for final closure of old landfills can often be met using a well designed trench cap to isolate the buried waste. The selection of the "best" design among feasible alternatives requires consideration of multiple and often conflicting objectives. A computer based decision support system (DSS) is being developed to assist the risk manager in selecting an appropriate trench cap design for shallow land waste disposal sites. The DSS components include: simulation models, a decision model, and a graphical user interface. The methodology used in the selection process consists of selecting and parameterizing decision variables or criteria, selecting feasible trench cap design alternatives, ordering the decision variables and ranking the design alternatives. The results are displayed both as text and graphics, allowing the user to easily evaluate the alternative covers. This approach significantly reduces user subjectivity and bias inherent in most decision making methodologies.


Parent Child Relationships With DIVs
From: Maurice Reeves
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 13:40:00 -0400
Message-ID:
To: "DOM-Mail (E-mail)"
Cc: Andy Mansur , Dennis Shirk
I am seeking guidance on what seems like it's a browser bug, but is
displayed across many browsers:
I have created a dropdown menu using a DIV that contains a UL, which has
several LI contained within. The DIV display is set to 'none' until someone
MouseOvers an image. On the MouseOver I set the DIV's display to 'block'.
However, if set the DIV's display back to 'none' on the DIV's MouseOut
event, the minute it encounters the UL, it fires the MouseOut and the DIV
If I set the MouseOver of the UL to set the DIV's display to 'block', and
then MouseOver the LI, the DIV stays shown until I leave the UL.
Now it seems that even though the DIV is parent to the UL element, no
connection is maintained across events between them.
But with parent-child relationship between a UL and an LI, it maintains the
parent-child relationship across events.
My question is this:
Are both of these behaviors correct? Should the Parent-Child relationship
be maintained across all of the DIV's children between events, so that if
you are mousing over the UL (or any other HTML element. This behavior is
exhibited with A tags or TABLE, etc. UL just happened to be what I used)
which is a child of the DIV, it counts also as a MouseOver of the DIV? Or
should the currently maintained relationship between the UL and it's
children LI be severed?
Thanks in advance,
Maurice Reeves
Received on Wednesday, 4 October 2000 13:41:41 GMT