text:
1. What are mouth harps?
2. How do mouth harps work?
3. What are the benefits of playing a mouth harp?
4. How can I learn to play a mouth harp?
5. What are some tips for playing a mouth harp?
6. How do I care for my mouth harp?
7. What are some common problems with mouth harps?
8. Where can I buy a mouth harp?
9. How much does a mouth harp cost?
10. What are some popular mouth harp songs?
How are mouth harps played
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are small musical instruments that are played by holding the instrument in the mouth and plucking the string with the teeth. The mouth harp is a very old instrument, and evidence suggests that it was used by ancient people in many parts of the world.
The mouth harp is a simple instrument, consisting of a metal or bamboo frame with a single wire or string stretched across it. The player holds the instrument in their mouth and plucks the string with their teeth. The vibration of the string creates a sound that is amplified by the resonant chamber of the mouth.
Mouth harps come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and they can be made from a wide range of materials. The most common type of mouth harp is the Vietnamese dan moi, which is made from bamboo. Other popular types include the khomus (or jaw harp), which is traditionally made from wood, and the morsing, which is made from metal.
Despite their simplicity, mouth harps can produce a wide range of sounds, from gentle melodies to lively rhythms. They are commonly used as folk instruments in many parts of the world, and are also popular with buskers and street performers.
If you've ever wanted to try your hand at playing a mouth harp, there are a few things you need to know before you start. In this article, we'll give you a brief overview of how to play the mouth harp, as well as some tips on what to look for when choosing an instrument.
What is the history of mouth harps
The history of mouth harps is a long and interesting one. These unique instruments have been used for centuries by people all over the world.
The first known mention of a mouth harp is in a Chinese book from the 4th century BC. This book describes a musical instrument that was played by blowing into it. It is believed that this is the earliest form of the mouth harp.
Mouth harps were also mentioned in the Bible in the book of Exodus. This passage describes how Moses used a mouth harp to soothe the Israelites after they had escaped from slavery in Egypt.
The traditional Native American flute is also thought to be a type of mouth harp. These flutes were used for both music and ceremony.
The mouth harp has also been popular in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia and Germany. In fact, the word "harp" comes from the German word "harfe" which means "mouth harp".
Today, mouth harps are still being made and played all over the world. They are a popular choice for folk musicians as well as those who enjoy playing unique and interesting instruments.
How are mouth harps made
Mouth harps are also known as Jew's harps, jaw harps, juice harps, and Trump. They are one of the oldest musical instruments in the world, dating back to at least 3,000 BCE. The mouth harp is a small, handheld instrument that is played by holding it in the teeth and plucking the flexible metal tongue with the thumb.
The basic design of the mouth harp has remained unchanged for centuries, though there are now many different variations available. The most common type of mouth harp is the diatonic, which has just seven notes. However, there are also chromatic and pentatonic mouth harps, which have more or fewer notes respectively.
To make a mouth harp, a metal strip is first cut to the desired length and width. The strip is then bent into a U-shape and the two ends are welded or soldered together. A metal tongue is then attached to the frame and tuned to the desired pitch.
Mouth harps are relatively easy to play and are popular instruments for both beginners and experienced musicians alike. They are often used in traditional folk music, but can be found in a variety of genres including blues, rock, and country.
What types of music are played on mouth harps
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are small handheld instruments that are plucked with the teeth and tongue. They produce a twangy sound that can be used for a variety of music genres, including folk, blues, and country.
Who are some famous mouth harpists
Mouth harpists are people who play a type of musical instrument called a mouth harp, or Jew's harp. Mouth harps are small, handheld instruments that have a metal or bamboo reed attached to a frame. The player holds the instrument in their mouth and plucks the reed with their teeth to create sound.
Mouth harps have been around for thousands of years and can be found in many different cultures. Some of the most famous mouth harpists include:
-Kai Nilsen, a Norwegian mouth harpist who is known for his complex and virtuosic playing style.
-Tommy Makem, an Irish folk musician who popularized the mouth harp in the United States.
-Toots Thielemans, a Belgian jazz musician who was one of the first to use the mouth harp on electric guitar.
What techniques are used to play mouth harps
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. They are played by holding the instrument between the teeth and plucking the string with the thumb. The resulting sound is a vibrating buzz that can be modulated by changing the shape of the mouth cavity.
Mouth harps have been used for centuries for a variety of purposes, including entertainment, religious ceremonies, and healing rituals. In some cultures, mouth harps are still used today. For example, in Mongolia, mouth harps are commonly played at weddings and funerals.
There are many different techniques that can be used to play mouth harps. The most common is to hold the instrument in the mouth and pluck the string with the thumb. However, other techniques include using the tongue or teeth to pluck the string, or using a bow to play the instrument.
Mouth harps can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, bone, metal, and plastic. The type of material used will affect the sound of the instrument. For example, metal mouth harps will produce a brighter sound than those made from wood.
Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned player, there's a mouth harp out there that's perfect for you. So get out there and start making some beautiful music!
What is the difference between a mouth harp and a harmonica
There are a few key differences between mouth harps and harmonicas. For one, mouth harps are typically much smaller than harmonicas. They also have only one row of holes, whereas harmonicas usually have two or more. Finally, the way you play a mouth harp is quite different from how you play a harmonica.
Mouth harps, also known as jew's harps, are played by holding the instrument in your mouth and plucking the string with your teeth. The string vibrates against your teeth, which creates the sound. Harmonicas, on the other hand, are played by blowing into the instrument.
So, in summary, the main differences between mouth harps and harmonicas are their size, the number of rows of holes, and the way they are played.
What is the range of a mouth harp
A mouth harp, also known as a Jew's harp, is a small, handheld musical instrument. The mouth harp is played by holding the instrument in the mouth and plucking the flexible metal tongue with the teeth. The tongue vibrates, producing a unique sound.
The range of a mouth harp depends on the size of the instrument and the skill of the player. Smaller instruments have a higher pitch, while larger instruments have a lower pitch. skilled players can produce a wide range of sounds from a single mouth harp.
Mouth harps are used in a variety of musical styles, including folk, blues, and country. The instrument has a long history and can be traced back to ancient China and Europe. Today, mouth harps are enjoyed by people all over the world.
Can mouth harps be played in ensembles
Yes, mouth harps can be played in ensembles! In fact, they can be a great way to add some extra flair to your group's sound.
Mouth harps are a type of percussion instrument that is played by holding the instrument in your mouth and using your tongue to strike the reeds. This creates a unique sound that can be used to add some variety to your music.
When playing in an ensemble, it is important to remember that each player will have a different sound. This means that you'll need to experiment with different ways of playing the instrument to find what works best for your group.
With a little practice, you'll be able to create some amazing music with your mouth harp ensemble!
How do I care for my mouth harp
The mouth harp is a simple musical instrument that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Although it is a relatively easy instrument to care for, there are a few things you can do to keep your mouth


text:
Real Talk for Real Teachers with Dr. Becky Bailey and special guest Tiffany Taylor
School violence leaves teachers and schools with unique challenges in providing for students' physical and emotional safety. The goal of active shooter drills and school lockdowns is to keep schools safe, but teachers often feel under-equipped to manage the sense of danger, anxiety, uncertainty and stress that occurs during and after these events.
Classroom teachers are charged with unique responsibilities, from physical protector to emotional caregiver for their students—all while experiencing their own fears and feelings. As you plan your classroom's approach, it is helpful to consider both you and your students' social-emotional health when practicing, enacting and recovering from lockdowns and drills.
Listen as Kindergarten teacher Tiffany Taylor and 5th grade teacher Kristin Abel share helpful ways they prepare themselves and their students for active shooter and lockdown drills.
- Always relate the procedures back to safety
- Create and practice visuals for the drill's steps and procedures
- Practice your own composure and self-regulation in order to help students do the same
- Provide time and space for students to talk about their experience after drills, but before returning to learning activities
Steps For Tomorrow
- Practice your personal composure and rehearse helpful inner speech before, during, and after drills and lockdowns
- Create and strengthen connections with students
- Explore more about creating and implementing a Safe Place in your classroom
- Conscious Discipline: Building Resilient Classrooms
- Webinars: Understanding Trauma with Dr. Becky Bailey
- Feeling Buddies for Classroom Toolkit
- :19 What is Conscious Discipline?
- 1:44 Definition of trauma
- 3:00 Introduction of Tiffany Taylor, Kindergarten teacher
- 4:11 Monthly lockdown drill procedures with young children
- 5:33 Tiffany's experience with nearby gunshots and a lockdown during school hours
- 9:20 Suggestions for early childhood teachers
- 9:50 Three specific tips for tomorrow
- 13:50 Introduction of Kristin Abel, K-5 resource teacher and former 5th grade teacher
- 16:32 Lockdown drill procedures at Kristin's school
- 18:17 Preparing students for drills through procedures and self-regulation
- 20:17 What about classrooms who are not practicing Conscious Discipline?
- 22:42 Kristen's story of helping a child experiencing high emotions during a lockdown
- 24:19 Reflecting on the lockdown experiences at two different schools
- 27:53 Helpful suggestions for after a lockdown drill
- 28:25 What happens after a real lockdown situation?
- 31:21 Connecting with students who slip into daydream states after lockdowns
- 35:02 Top three things for teachers to know
- 38:10 What's Becky Bailey up to now?
Thank You for Listening
There are many ways you could have spent this time today, but you chose to spend it with me and I am grateful. If you enjoyed today's show, please share it with others via your favorite social media platforms.
Also, would you consider taking 60-seconds to leave an honest review and rating for the podcast on iTunes? Your feedback is extremely helpful when it comes to the ranking of the show and I love to hear your feedback! Also, don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes, to get automatic updates every time a new episode goes live!
On behalf of our Conscious Discipline family, we wish you well.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Child containers
Component: NServiceBus
NuGet Package NServiceBus (7.2 - 7.3)
Child containers are a snapshot of the main container providing an additional instance lifetime scope.
Child container scope in NServiceBus
NServiceBus creates a child container for each transport message that is received. During message processing, all InstancePerUnitOfWork scoped instances that are created are resolved as singletons within the context of the same message. This is helpful to support the sharing of database sessions and other resources with lifetimes specific to the processed message.
Objects can be configured in a child container scope using the InstancePerUnitOfWork lifetime:
 registration: components =>
Deterministic disposal
Child containers automatically dispose all IDisposable instances created with InstancePerUnitOfWork lifetime once the message is processed. This is useful for managing things like database sessions which must be disposed of properly.
Last modified


Of late, I've been finding myself increasingly interested in questions of the form: "Suppose we change this definition in the following way. Does this change break anything?" For instance, suppose we change the definition of a metric space so that $(X,d)$ can be a metric space even when $d$ is defined for values outside $X^2$. So we can say... "Suppose $X \subseteq Y$ and $(Y,d)$ is a metric space. Then $(X,d)$ is a metric space." Would this break anything?
My question is, are questions of the form "would this break anything?" considered to be "real questions"? Is there perhaps a better website for this sort of thing?
I am not sure about this particular question, because any introduction to metric spaces states the fact that any subset is also a metric space in precisely this sense. // In general, it would be nice if a question indicated in which direction your thoughts are going. Remember the basic criterion: if someone reads your question and another user's reply to it, they should be able to tell whether the reply actually answers the question. – user53153 Jan 25 '13 at 5:53
Technically you have to restrict $d$ to $X$, forming a new metric $d|_X$. So $(X,d|_X)$ is a metric space, but $(X,d)$ maybe isn't. – goblin Jan 25 '13 at 5:56
I think the issue here is with the formalism. The notation $(Y,d)$ typically indicates that $d$ is defined on $Y\times Y$, so if this is the convention, there is abuse of notation in saying that $(X,d)$ is a metric space. Of course, some authors define things so, as long as the domain of $d$ contains $X\times X$, the notation $(X,d)$ is fine. But the point here is that whatever formalism is chosen, it is a convention, while the "real idea" is something else. – Andres Caicedo Jan 25 '13 at 5:58
What is a query that produces examples of these kinds of questions? I've seen many before and asked some myself but I'm having trouble finding more with a search. I think some examples could create a common ground for discussion. – Dan Brumleve Jan 25 '13 at 6:06
Jarrell: I thought you said to stay on the path! Old Man: Yes, but you must know when to break the rules! – draks... Jan 25 '13 at 21:21
1 Answer 1
Not only are these real questions, but these are precisely the sort of questions you will find yourself asking more and more as your understanding of a subject deepens.
Perhaps talking of "breaking" anything is not quite how I would phrase it myself, but the point remains: To understand a subject, you need to understand how its components fit together, whether their connections are tenuous or withstand some modifications.
In particular, doing research this is actually done all the time: You attempt to modify an argument, and see where problems may appear, and how can they be fixed, and how far this process can go.
I'm in total agreement. Is the soft-question tag appropriate in this sort of case? – Dan Brumleve Jan 25 '13 at 5:54
_USER_, I think that tag is for questions with no significant mathematical content (I may be wrong about that), whereas the kind of question we are talking about can have lots of math content. – Gerry Myerson Jan 25 '13 at 5:56
_USER_ the tag is described as being "for questions which admit no definitive answer" so perhaps its definition is too broad. – Dan Brumleve Jan 25 '13 at 5:57
_USER_: "Would this break anything" admits definitive answers, in principle. The answer is either "Yes, it breaks some things" or "No, it doesn't break anything." – Willie Wong Jan 25 '13 at 9:00
_USER_, I think breakage is subjective. – Dan Brumleve Jan 25 '13 at 9:15
_USER_, perhaps what the tag says $\ne$ how we actually use it. Have you looked at many questions with that tag, to get some sense of m.se practice? – Gerry Myerson Jan 25 '13 at 11:40
_USER_ At least it presents the question "does there exist something satisfying my new definition that does not satisfy the old definition?" – Alexander Gruber Feb 1 '13 at 14:00
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De la Rue du Can Stéphane, Pudleiner David, Pielli Katrina
Usages de l'énergie
September 2018
Titre Ouvrage:
Energy Policy, vol. 120
pp. 354-364
While energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards improving access to modern energy services, energy sector investments in many developing countries have largely focused on increasing energy access by increasing supply. This is because the links between energy efficiency and energy access, is often overlooked. This oversight of energy efficiency is frequently a missed opportunity, as efficiency is often a very cost-effective energy resource. In combination with grid expansion and new clean energy generation, efficiency efforts can help to ensure that reliable power is provided to the maximum number of customers at a lower cost than would be required to increase generation alone. In this paper we describe an analysis method for determining a country's energy efficiency priorities and devising an action plan to integrate energy efficiency as a resource for meeting a nation's energy access goals. We illustrate this method with a detailed case study of Uganda. If the most efficient technologies on the market were adopted in Uganda, 442 MW of generation-level demand could be offset and energy access for an additional 6 M rural customers could be achieved by 2030. Of this technical potential for efficiency, 91% is cost-effective, and 47% is economically achievable under conservative assumptions.


text:
module Nn_commit:Two-phase commit protocol
val commit_e :
(bool -> unit) ->
Nn_db.modification Queue.t ->
Nn_state.shared_state_t -> string -> bool Uq_engines.engine
commit_e post_commit journal shared_state debug_name:
Writes the modifications to the local database and all slaves,
and commits the update. The bool arg says whether the commit
was successful. If
false, the transaction is guaranteed to be
rolled back. The commit engine may also enter an error state.
This is considered as a critical violation of the protocol.
If the queue of modification is empty, the local transaction is committed, and no remote operations are involved. (This means that the user only submitted read requests and no writes.)
If there are modifications, a new revision string is created and appended to the journal before anything is written.
Commits are serialized (using
As side effects, the function may disable slaves, and even (self-)disable the coordinator.
The function also invokes
post_commit when the commit or
rollback is done. The bool arg is the same as in the result.
val trans_e :
Nn_state.view_t list ->
'a Uq_engines.engine -> string -> 'a Uq_engines.final_state Uq_engines.engine
let e' = trans_e sh vl e debug_name: Runs the engine
euntil it is finished, and if
ewas successful, the modifications of the views
vlare taken as the modifications to be done in the transaction, and the transaction is committed.
e is not successful,
the views and the db transaction are rolled back.
The returned engine
the transaction is over (after commit or rollback).
st reflects the
final state of
e' reaches an error state only if the commit fails (critical error).


text:
On April 30, the Dutch celebrate Koninginnedag ("Queen's Day"), a national holiday to commemorate the birthday of the country's (former) Queen. It is by far the most widely celebrated holiday in the Netherlands. Amsterdam festivities in particular rival those of Mardi Gras in New Orleans or New Year's Eve in New York City. As such, Amsterdam is packed to the gills on April 30, welcoming up to two million party-going visitors.
History of Queen's Day
The Dutch have been observing Queen's Day on April 30 since 1949, when the new Queen Juliana ascended the throne. Before then, the holiday fell on August 31, the birthday of Juliana's mother, former Queen Wilhelmina.
When the current Queen Beatrix succeeded Juliana in 1980, she chose to keep Queen's Day on April 30, as Beatrix's own birthday is January 31, a date when Dutch weather isn't conducive to the many outdoor activities associated with the holiday.
Every year Queen Beatrix visits one or two Dutch towns to greet her country's people and visitors, who receive her with fitting celebrations. What began as a commemoration of the Dutch Royal Family has evolved into a nationwide day of creative, carefree springtime revelry.
Learn and see more:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Reset Chrome settings to default
You can restore your browser settings in Chrome at any time. You might need to do this if apps or extensions you installed changed your settings without your knowledge. Your saved bookmarks and passwords won't be cleared or changed.
 1. On your computer, open Chrome.
 3. At the bottom, click Advanced.
 - Chromebook, Linux, and Mac: Under "Reset Settings," click Restore settings to their original defaults and then Reset Settings.
 - Windows: Under "Reset and cleanup," click Reset Settings and then Reset Settings.
These steps won't provide a full reset. For example, some settings like fonts or accessibility won't be deleted. To create a new user profile, add a new user in Chrome.
What changes when you restore your settings
On your Chrome profile, the following settings will change to the default on all devices where you're signed in:
Troubleshoot reset problems
Settings menu missing or won't open
If the settings menu doesn't open or isn't there, Chrome might have a problem. To fix, uninstall Chrome then download Chrome again from and reinstall it.
If you're still having problems, you might have a program installed that is changing your Google Chrome settings. Learn more about programs that cause unwanted settings changes.
Chrome reset my browser settings
Sometimes, programs that you install can change your Chrome settings without you knowing. For your safety, the browser checks if your settings have been changed every time you launch Chrome. If Chrome notices that something's not right in your settings, it will automatically go back to the original settings.
Settings that might automatically get reset:
 - Default search engine
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 - Startup pages
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 - Extensions
Chrome will still reset your settings if you're not signed in to Chrome. If you're signed in to Chrome, you'll still see your usual settings.
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text:
Roger Fenton's well known photograph, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death"Documentary filmmaker Errol Morris may have uncovered the world's oldest staged photograph, a wartime image taken in 1855.
Radiolab spoke with Morris, who unleashed his legendary attention to detail upon Roger Fenton's renowned photo, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death," considered to be one of the oldest known photographic images of warfare.
The photo was taken during the Crimean War (_PHONE_) and shows a road littered with cannonballs. The Crimean War was a massive conflict that saw Russia battling with Britain, France, Sardinia and the remnants of the Ottoman Empire for control over the declining Ottoman Empire.
The Crimean War itself is arguably history's first "modern" war, featuring new communications technology (the telegraph) and weaponry, along with the use of photography. And Fenton's photographs taken during the war are considered to be some of the earliest ever to document warfare.
"[I]t turns out there were actually two photos--both taken from the same spot over 150 years ago. One image famously shows a road littered with cannonballs, while the other shows the same road with no cannonballs (they're off to the side in ditches). Which one came first? And why would the cannonballs have been moved?"
Morris has written a series of blog posts about his investigation for the New York Times, in which he explains how the photo's history first captured his interest after reading a book by Susan Sontag that flatly alleges Fenton staged the photograph.
As part of his extensive efforts to uncover whether the photo was staged, Morris traveled to Crimea and consulted with optical engineer Dennis Purcell and five historians.
The historians were split on whether the photo was staged, with some arguing that the cannonballs are missing in the second photo because soldiers were recycling them to fire back at Russian forces.
Eventually, Purcell and Morris were able to reach a definitive conclusion about whether the photo was faked, by flipping the two photographs over and over. Eventually, they realized that pebbles on the left side of the road appeared to move in the two photographs. From the direction of the rocks falling, Morris was able to sequence the two photographs. "The one with the cannonballs on the road was the second picture," Morris said.
In other words, the photo with no cannonballs on the road is the original picture. Fenton and his assistants rolled the cannonballs downhill and placed them along the road.
"Whoever was helping him would have walked along the side of the road and moved the cannonballs down to the side of the road. It's gravity." Morris said.
In other words, Susan Sontag was right. "But for the wrong reasons," Morris said.
While calling Fenton a "coward," Morris acknowledges he doesn't know exactly why the photographer staged his shot. But Purcell has his own opinion, saying Fenton was aiming for the "emotional truth" of the nearby battlefields.
"It's obvious why he did it; to make it look like the way it felt," Purcell said.


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Simulink.Variant class
Package: Simulink
Specify a model reference variant and its execution environment
A Simulink.Variant object specifies a variant object, which is defined using a Boolean expression called a variant condition. For more information, see Variant Controls. A Model Variants block and a Variant Subsystem block use variant objects to associate an execution environment with each of its variants.
The variant condition references MATLAB® variables and/or Simulink® parameter objects in the base workspace called variant control variables. The variant condition must evaluate to true or false when the model is compiled.
For a given Model Variants block or Variant Subsystem block, you must define the variant objects so that only one evaluates to true. The variant object, whose variant condition evaluates to true, is the active variant for that variant block.
variant=Simulink.Variant(VariantCondition) creates a variant object in the base workspace. The object name is variant, and the associated variant condition is VariantCondition. The object can have any unique legal MATLAB name.
The VariantCondition must be a Boolean expression that references at least one base workspace variable or parameter. A variant condition can include scalar variables, enumerated values, the operators ==, ~=, &&, ||, ~, as well as parentheses for grouping. If you specify the condition literally, surround it with single quotes.
You can also create a variant object using the Model explorer. Select the Base Workspace, choose Add > Simulink.Variant, and specify the desired name and variant condition in the Contents and Dialog panes. If you specify the condition literally, do not surround it with single quotes (unlike the MATLAB API, which requires single quotes).
The Boolean expression associated with the variant object.
Create a variant object with a variant condition:
GU=Simulink.Variant('Fuel==1 && Emis==1')
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text:
3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) based organic molecules and polymers have received strong attention as the donor materials of efficient organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of two DPP-based organic molecules functionalized with phenanthrene and ethynylphenanthrene and their application as the donor materials of solution-processed OPVs. They have band gaps of 1.61.8 eV and appropriate energy levels, and they can be soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. The C≡C triple bond in ethynylphenanthrene has a strong effect on the structure and properties of molecules. It increases the rigidity of molecule, decreases the solubility in organic solvents, and increases the crystallinity of the active layer and photovoltaic performance of the OPVs. The optimal photovoltaic efficiency of OPVs with ethynylphenanthrene-functionalized DPP is 1.71% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm-2), more than double of that of the OPVs with phenanthrene-functionalized DPP.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films


text:
Use this blog to:
- Ask Professor Plant any questions you may have.
- Share interesting stories or photographs with other schools.
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- Always ask your teacher for permission before posting a message or a photograph.
SCAN is an Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales project, which helps schools promote Education for Sustainable Development.
Improve numeracy & get free bulbs for your school!
Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales is looking for new schools to be involved in this exciting project and receive free spring bulbs.
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Plant bulbs in your school grounds to study climate change. Join this UK wide investigation and improve science and numeracy skills. For more details visit _URL_
The application only takes a minute to complete and the project is FREE to all schools who apply by the 30th July.
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In doing research for the question Is it "close-minded" or "closed-minded"?, which was in turn prompted by the discussion under this answer to another question, I realized that some of the confusion around the word close had to do with its versatility (it can be an adverb, adjective, noun or verb).
We have two primary pronunciations of close (klōz and klōs) that help us distinguish how the word is being used. I thought at first that this was fairly straightforward. When the 'z' sound is used, it is usually a verb:
I close the door.
The 'z' ending is also used in the following noun form:
I'll bring my argument to a close.
When the's' ending is used, it is usually either an adjective in these ways,
The hotel is close to the sea.
My brother and I are very close.
or an adverb in these ways:
Please sit close to me.
I'll keep your secret close.
But as I read through the lengthy entries on close in my New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, things started to get confusing. I found close (klōs) listed as a noun meaning a closed place and close (klōs) also listed as an adjective meaning closed, shut as well as secretive, stingy, and hidden.
 1. How and when did the different uses of close take on different pronunciations?
 2. Are close (klōs) as a noun and close (klōs) = closed familiar to others?
 3. If these rarer uses of close (klōs) were once common, when and why did they fall out of favor?
 4. Etymologically, what overlap exists between close (klōs) = near and close (klōz) = shut?
share|improve this question
I'm getting Semantic Satiation... – Thursagen Jun 22 '11 at 3:23
2 Answers 2
Well, let's work from the basics on Etymonline. All senses of the word derive ultimately from Latin clausus, the past participle of the verb claudere. The verb form made its way to English from the past participle stem closof Old French clore /klor/, to shut or cut off from. The adjective form meaning strictly confined or secret is from the related Old French clos, and while /s/ is usually voiced in French, Old French had unvoiced final consonants.
So that was the original source of the difference, and it stuck and developed over time. The adjectival meaning of near is from the 15th century, by way of closing a gap.
share|improve this answer
+1 for the closing a gap missing link. – Callithumpian Jun 22 '11 at 3:58
 1. They always had different pronunciations. Verb close (which the noun was derived from) used to have the "e" pronounced, which caused the voicing of the "s", while adjective close never did — the "e" was only to indicate the long vowel.
 2. From glancing at the OED, this meaning appears to be used in the English Midlands and maybe Scotland (though to what extent I don't know). I think this would be unfamiliar to most Americans at least.
 3. I'm not sure that it was ever particularly common, or that there is an answer for why it isn't used more.
 4. Both of these words came from the same Latin root, but were borrowed into English at different times. Verb close came from Latin claud-ĕre via the Old French present subjunctive stem (clos-), first cited in 1275. The adjective close came from Latin claus-um, past participle of claud-ĕre, via French clos, first cited around 1400.
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I have some noisy audio files, which are voice recordings or lectures. There is no music, but the recordings are noisy.
Sometimes, the voice is not clear. Is there any software that can extract the clear voice out of those audio files? It would be better to have automated processing and batch processing supports.
I'm using Windows 7.
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2 Answers 2
Regardless of OS, Audacity can do this just fine. So says Wikipedia:
Noise Removal based on sampling the noise to be removed. Surface noise from records, for example, can be removed with hardly any discernable effect on the music.
See this Audacity Wiki entry for Noise Removal.
As for batch, see the manual page.
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just a short comment. Sometimes the recording is so bad, that it is almost impossible to extract the voice. And human ear is much more capable to filter out the voice, than any SW. I tried Audacity for some school lessons recordings and in many cases got only terribly sounding distorted voice like from cheap chinese radio in metal barrel - in fact not much better, than the source file. – Juhele Feb 5 '12 at 17:29
A generic noise removal program manipulating the sound will never ever reach the human brain understanding speech. It's not your ear, it's the brain using the redundancy of the human language, the likely context of the speech and so on. Try to understand random words in a made up language on a noisy track. – chx Feb 5 '12 at 18:07
You might want to try the expertise of _URL_
Here you have an example of what they can do:
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Uff da! | what does the expression mean? | Norway
Uff da! is a Norwegian interjection, often used to express sympathy. For example when a child falls over: Uff da! Slo du deg? - meaning Poor you! Did you hurt yourself?
LA Dahlmann | talk NORWAY
«Uff da!» - what does it actually mean? | Illustration: LA Dahlmann cc pdm.
«Uff da! Slo du deg nå, lille venn?»
Uff da!
Uff da! is usually said in a deep voice, and in a drawn-out and comforting way. But the response can also be quick and upbeat, if the damage done or the message received is not too bad. Then it works more as an encouragement. Below, see some examples of how the expression is used. There are several phrase-variations, mostly with a fairly similar meaning:
 - Uff a meg!
 - Uff a meg'en!
 - Au da!
 - Oi da!
 - Uff og uff!
 - Uff det var leit å høre!
 - Or simply just – Uff!
The expressions are informal, and usually only used when speaking to someone you know well – both grown-ups and children. However, it can also be used if a stranger tells you something that requires an immediate show of sympathy.
Example 1
The expression used in a conversation with a friend:
Person A | My father just called; he has been in a car accident!
Person B | Uff da! Is he OK?
Person A | He broke his arm.
Person B | Uff a meg! How terrible!
Example 2
The quick, encouraging and upbeat tone would be used if for example a child falls over but turns to you smiling: Uff da! Up you go!
Example 3
The expression can also be used in a more sarcastic context and tone. For example, in a conversation with a friend who earns twice as much as you do:
Person A | I am furious! I only got a 3% pay rise this year!
Person B | Uff da! How terrible for you.
Many descendants of Norwegian emigrants to North America, several generations down the line, still hold on to this somewhat peculiar expression.
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Vintage photos | the stave churches | Norway
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My Norwegian heritage
Here is a collection of some wonderful vintage photos, showing a handful of Norwegians and their lives.
In the old farming society, nature dictated the flow of the working year. And farmworkers could only leave their jobs on 2 specific days during the year.
For many, it may come as a surprise that the history of rose painting and its place in Norwegian folk art is not as old as one might think.
Uekte and ekte are Norwegian adjectives that in one context means illegitimate and legitimate - as in a child born outside or inside a marriage.
To make sure he could tide the animals over the long and cold winter, the historical Norwegian farmer utilised all available resources.
The Heddal stave church - stavkirke - is Norway's largest remaining building of its kind. It is a woodwork masterpiece, with a history that stretches back more than 800 years.
Per O. Rød wrote the history of the Stornæve farm and its inhabitants back in 1968. Decades earlier, several children of Stornæve had emigrated to the US.
The old Norwegian farming society was a self-sufficient and balanced world. Coins and notes were all but an alien concept.
In 1942, Hans Hyldbakk wrote the history of the local cotter's holdings in Surnadal, Nordmøre, Norway. The book was updated in 1966.
The Fjord horse is one of today's oldest and purest horse breeds. Its historical habitat is Norway's western coast, with its deep fjords and steep mountainsides.
The Norwegian landscape is wild and beautiful. And it is a lot more than just fjords and mountains.
The old Norwegian farm needed hundreds of litres of water every single day: for food-making, cleaning, and human and animal consumption.
Myrmelk is a Norwegian noun that means milk conserved in a container buried in a mountain peat bog, left there for herders or others to drink at a later stage.
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COVID-19 has impacted child custody situations around the country. Families have had to rework long-established routines, with many experiencing difficulties learning how to coparent during a pandemic. For those struggling with addiction, some parents have found it hard to manage their alcohol abuse and prevent it from affecting their relationships with their children and co-parents.
Now is the time for Family Law professionals to educate clients about the benefits of alcohol monitoring, and how it can help streamline litigation and improve a custody arrangement.
Download this free report for important information every family lawyer should know.


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 Home arrow Light and Sound machines arrow What is a mind machine
What is a mind machine
What are Mind Machines / Light and Sound Machines?
There are many names for this technology:
- Audio-visual stimulation devices
- Light and sound entrainment devices (SLEDs)
- Mind machines
Essentially it is a tiny low spec computer that controls signals to your light glasses and your headphones. Simply select a session (depending on what you want to achieve) and then put on the glasses and heaphones.
History of mind machines
The first concepts were born in the late 1940s by Gray Walter. he noticed that flashing lights caused the human brain to follow the frequencies of these flashing lights.
Following from this discovery, numerous machines were developed for brainwave entrainment. A majority included tiny lights mounted in a pair of spectacles.
As time went by, audio began to be introduced in much the same. Usually achieved by using the 'binaural beat' phenomenom. Binaural beats are where one beat is played in one ear, and a second, very slightly later, in the second ear. Simultaneously, the two beats would cause the brain to interprwet just the difference in timing between the tow, and would then follow that frequency.
 The combined effects of having both the photic and the auditory portions of the brain stimulated in synchrony was found to be profound.
Today, SLEDs are used by psychologists and hypnotherapists in their practices and now also by non-professionals for helping achieve relaxation, stress management, Insomnia, mind expansion, accelerated learning and retention, breaking limiting beliefs, phobias, anxiety, sports training, and promoting physical wellness.
What's usually included with mind machines
A typical system consists of the micro-processor driven base unit, stereo headphones, and light glasses that have 8 tiny lights (LEDs). They can be 1 channel which means one colour glasses or two channel where you can enjoy a combination of any two colours. They usually have the capability to respond to Audiostrobe signals like from the Audiostrobe cds.
Please note:
These products are not intended for medical usage. No claims are made for medical benefits and as such these devices are purely for entertainment. If you have a medical issue, please go to see your regular gp/doctor.
Light and Sound machines


Dear visitor,
About EGGER> Forestry> Forestry News> Road Infrastructure
What you need to think about when planning road infrastructure?
Road infrastructure is a huge capital cost
The decision to construct a road, whether large or small, within your forest requires very careful consideration. In most cases, road infrastructure represents the single largest capital cost outside of purchasing the forest or land.
In light of this, timing of when to start and how to phase a road building programme can require thorough planning in order to help both minimise the degree of financial exposure the forest owner will face as well as maximising the potential income from establishing infrastructure which should allow suitable access for operations such as establishment, tending and harvesting.
The design of the road needs careful thought. Access to allow for the uplift of harvested timber will require a road with a suitable firm construction to carry a maximum gross vehicle weight of 44 tonnes. Allowing for enough width to turn near the location of roadside timber and also allowing enough width on corners along the road are key to minimising the distance lorries need to run on as well as ensuring all road users remain safe when travelling. Some knowledge of the underlying geology, the soil structure and the location of available stone are essential.
Consideration also needs to be given to minimising the environmental impact of a new road. Factors such as managing watercourses, managing habitat and minimising the impact on local communities need to be given thought.
Over recent years, there has been a move towards lowering the impact caused by timber lorries within the forest through the use of systems such as Central Tyre Inflation (CTI) which allows the driver to reduce tyre pressure when travelling off the public road. Specific 'in-forest' haulage systems can also be used, which can consist of a simple 4-wheel drive tractor and trailer or something more specific, such as a purpose built unit capable of moving large quantities of timber out to a landing area close to the public road. Whilst there is usually an additional cost associated with running these systems, it can usually be offset by reducing the cost of ongoing road maintenance.
To find out more information about road construction, watch our Prince of Wales Woodlands case study on YouTube: watch video here.


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selenium 2.4.0, how to check for presence of an alert
I am using the following code to close the alert window :
Alert alert3 = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert3.dismiss();
The alert appears a few seconds after the opening of the main window.
How can I wait and check if alert appears?


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Performance metrics can help data storage pros judge the effectiveness of their enterprise data storage resources....
By submitting your email address, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant topic offers from TechTarget and its partners. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Contact TechTarget at 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA.
For example, data storage efficiency can be measured in terms of capacity utilization or productivity (such as performance). Likewise, quality of service (QoS) can indicate compliance with data protection among other application service requirements.
Examples of metrics and measurements for storage efficiency and optimization include the following:
- Macro (e.g., facilities such as power usage effectiveness) and micro (device or component level)
- Time (performance or activity) vs. availability vs. space (capacity)
- Performance metrics, including IOPS, bandwidth, and response time or latency
- Additional performance metrics, including reads, writes, random, sequential or IO size
- Storage capacity metrics, including percent utilization as well as reduction ratios
- Other capacity metrics, including raw, formatted, free, allocated or allocated not used
Metrics can be obtained from in-house, third-party, or operating system and application-specific tools. Other metrics can be estimated or simulated; for example, benchmarks running specific workloads such as those from the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC), Storage Performance Council (SPC), Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) or Microsoft Exchange Solution Reviewed Program (ESRP).
Compound metrics, those made up of multiple metrics, include cost per GB and cost per IOP, along with capacity per watt or activity per watt, such as IOPS or bandwidth per watt of energy used.
A list of common storage performance metrics
Here is a list of common storage performance metrics:
- IOPS: I/O operations per second where the I/O can be of various size
- Latency: The response time where lower is better for time-sensitive applications
- MTBF: Mean time between failures indicates reliability or availability
- MTTR: Mean time to repair or replace a failed component or storage device
- Quality of Service (QoS): Refers to performance, availability or general service experience
- Recovery point objective (RPO): To what point in time is data saved or lost
- Recovery time objective (RTO): How quickly data or applications can be made available
- SPC: Storage Performance Council workload (IOP, bandwidth and others)
- TPC: Transaction Processing Council workload comparisons
Other metrics include uptime, planned or unplanned downtime, errors or defects, and missed windows for data protection or other infrastructure resource management tasks.
Remember to keep idle and active modes of operation in perspective when comparing tiered storage. Applications that rely on performance or data access need to be compared on an activity basis, while applications and data that are focused more on data retention should be compared on a cost per-capacity basis. For example, active, online and primary data that needs to provide performance should be looked at in terms of activity per-watt per-footprint cost, while inactive or idle data should be looked at on a capacity per-watt per-footprint cost basis.
Given that productivity is also a tenet of storage efficiency, metrics that shed light on how effectively resources are being used are important. For example, QoS, performance, transactions, IOPS, files serviced or other activity-based metrics should be looked at to determine how effective and productive storage resources are.
Tips for using data storage resource metrics
Here are three other storage efficiency tips to remember:
- Look beyond cost per-capacity comparisons
- Remember that GB per watt can mean capacity or performance bandwidth
- While hit rates may indicate good utilization, they may not necessarily mean effective performance
It can be easy to end up with an apples-to-oranges comparison when looking at different storage products optimized for idle or low activity that may have a good capacity per watt, but poor performance and low IOPS or bandwidth per watt. Likewise, a high-performance storage system may have good IOPS or bandwidth per watt, but may not be as attractive when compared on a capacity basis.
Remember that more information will have to be processed, stored and protected in multiple locations and at a lower cost in the future. Therefore, performance efficiency can enable more effective storage capacity at a given QoS level, for both active and idle storage.


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This series of factsheets sets out the 10 key characteristics of good nutritional care in healthcare environments.
Care providers should:
- Deliver food service and nutritional care safely.
- Maintain an environment conducive to people enjoying their meals and being able to safely consume their food and drinks. (In hospitals this is known as 'Protected Mealtimes'.)
- Support a multi-disciplinary approach to nutritional care, and value the contribution of staff, service users, carers and volunteers.
- Include guidance on food service and nutritional care in service delivery and accountability arrangements.
- Screen all patients and service-users to identify malnourishment or risk of malnourishment.
- Design facilities and services which are centred on the needs of the people using them.
- Create a personal care or support plan for each patient or service-user, and give them input to identify their nutritional care and fluids needs.
- Ensure that staff and volunteers have appropriate skills and competencies, and receive regular training.
- Involve patients and service-users in planning and monitoring arrangements for food services and drinks provision.
- Create a policy for food service and nutritional care which is centred on the needs of users.


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The Cabri Water Loop Project is investigating the ability of high burn-up fuel to withstand the sharp power peaks that can occur in power reactors due to rapid reactivity insertion in the core. These are referred to as reactivity-induced accidents (RIA). The project stems from previous Japanese and French tests conducted on high burn-up pressurised water reactor (PWR) fuel that in a few instances exhibited failure at relatively moderate energy deposition levels. The Cabri project aims to extend the database for high burn-up fuel performance in RIA conditions and more importantly, to perform relevant tests under coolant conditions representative of PWRs.
The project began in 2000 and will run until 2015. The experimental work will be carried out at the Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) in Cadarache, France, where the Cabri reactor is located. Programme execution can, however, involve laboratories in participating organisations (for instance, in relation to fuel characterisation or post-irradiation examinations).
Twelve tests are proposed as a basis for co-operation with IRSN partners in the Cabri Water Loop Project: these experiments include R&D tests, combined with suitable tests to validate the extrapolation to a broad spectrum of reactor cases. The experimental programme is being reviewed by the project steering bodies and consists (in principle) of the following series of tests:
Two tests have been carried out so far using fuel with very high burn-up and modern cladding materials. Subjected to energy injection beyond what is expected for power reactor cases, the two test fuel rods did not fail during the tests carried out in 2003. Planned future tests will aim to develop a consistent set of objectives and suitable fuel specimens. Post-irradiation examinations of the two tests that have been carried out so far were undertaken in 2004. They involved destructive examinations and investigated in particular the effect of hydrogen on cladding properties. The planning of future tests continues, with the aim of developing a consistent set of objectives and identifying suitable fuel specimens. Considerable progress was made on the refurbishment of the Cabri test facility and the preparation of the water loop installation, a process estimated to take three years to complete. The Cabri tests will in the future be complemented by additional RIA tests carried out in the the Japanese Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR).
The data abstract is public.
EUR 74 million
Last reviewed: 19 March 2012


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funken (series of 13)
- lambda-print on alumiumdibond behind acrylic glass
- 1-2 150 x 120 cm
- 3-14 100 x 80 cm
The photographs of funken (sparks) investigate the movement patterns of sparks. These appear like graphics showing traces of light. For better observatory purposes, the photographs of the sparks have been inverted to result in a highly graphical image in negative. The yellow of the sparks becomes blue, the black of the surrounding darkness turns pure white. The photographic inquiry focuses on random angles emerging according to how the sparks divide in the air forming tree-like structures that reveal their geometric properties. This work continues the analysis of mathematical patterns expressed in earlier works such as milch and snow noise.


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CIM Issues #6368
The interplay between events and status measurements should be supported more cleanly
Part 9 Annex C offers an 18 part field to describe a measurement. Annex E offers a 4 part field to describe a status. However the first of the four parts indicates the source, and the last of the four indicates the new status. Quite often a subscriber will want to monitor the status of a condition that an event announces. If it an important condition, the subscriber will want to receive periodic status updates for fear it may have missed a published event. There are many many events and the coverage of measurements doesn't always correspond to it.
It is unnecessarily awkward to relate a measurement status to an event. A change to the design of the standard could make it easier.
Add a new measurementKind of "EventTypeID". Then to publish a measurement of a status than an event is based on, the commodity field would be used to identify the source of the measurement (meter, sensor, EVSE, etc.). We could supply the EndDeviceDomain enumeration in the numerator field, EndDeviceSubdomain in the denominator field, set uom equal to "status", then supply the EndDeviceEventOrAction code as the value of the measurement. This would allow better interplay between measurements and events.
The business of "breaking change" is a good question. Breaking the CIM? Breaking someone's implementation? There are many other standards that use Annex C. Increasing the length to 20 attribute fields could break all of them.


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A new study has been done comparing the neurological effects of dances like country dancing with other forms of physical activity like walking, stretching, and other activities. It shows that things such as social dance are different because of the demands it places on the mind and body could possibly be slowing neurological changes. The study shows that at the age of 40 people begin to perform worse on tests of processing speed than those who are younger, with effects continuing to accelerate over the decades. In the study by the University of Illinois, they recruited 174 people in their 60's and 70's with no form of cognitive impairment. They were split into 3 separate groups, the first group did a program of brisk walking 3 times a week, the second group did gentle stretching and balance training, and the third group was assigned to learn to dance, taking choreography classes 3 times a week. After 6 months, the volunteers returned to the lab and got the same brain scans as before. The scans showed that the first 2 groups deterioration in the white matter of the brain, especially the older volunteers. The third group who was receiving dance training did show improvement though. The dancers now had denser white matter in their Fornix, the part of the brain involved with processing speed and memory. Although exercise is important, it may be more beneficial to the brain and lessen deterioration of the brain to take up some form of social dance.
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Activity Plan 2 for Plan Ahead and Prepare
Exploring Meal Planning
This activity will take approximately 70 minutes.
What Your Group Will Learn
After participating in this activity plan, which is designed to familiarize participants with meal planning, participants will be able to
- Describe reasons for planning meals and snacks prior to a trip.
- Create a recipe for a one-pot meal.
- Choose lightweight snacks.
Group members will compare two backpacks: one packed with one-pot meals and lightweight snacks and the other packed with more complex meals and bulky snacks. Group members will use the weight of the packs and the amount of garbage created from the meals and snacks to determine the best preparation for meal and snack planning.
Materials and Preparation
- A backpack packed with one-pot meals (see menus in this section) and snacks such as trail mix, fruit sticks, hard candies, and dried fruit. All meals items in this pack should be repackaged into resealable plastic bags to reduce bulk, secure food, and reduce garbage. For example, transfer items such as instant rice, cereal, and noodles from commercial packaging into sealable bags. The bags can be packed out, washed, and reused at home or used for garbage created or picked up during the trek.
- A backpack packed with more bulky meals such as hot dogs, canned chili, canned soup, canned stew, bottled ketchup, and snacks such as cans of pop, canned fruit, and a jar of peanuts.
- Read this entire activity plan and the Background on the Principles of Leave No Trace thoroughly.
- Prepare two backpacks prior to your group's arrival. The one packed with one-pot meals and lightweight snacks should be considerably lighter and create less garbage than the one packed with more complex meals and bulky snacks.
Grabbing Your Group's Attention (10 minutes)
Preparing a menu and snacks ahead of time will help group members pack lightly with a minimal amount of garbage and will make the use of a stove more convenient, eliminating the need for a campfire.
Show students the two closed backpacks. Let each participant try on both packs. Take a vote to determine which pack is lighter and likely more comfortable. Without looking at the contents of the backpacks, have your group list items that might be contributing to the weight of the heavier pack.
Steps for Teaching the Activity (30 minutes)
On the Lighter Side
Divide the participants into two groups. Give a pack to each group and have group members unpack the packs and categorize the food items.
Ask each group how long it thinks it will take to prepare the meals from its pack. Focusing on the meal preparation items only, have the participants compare the items from each pack. Ask the group what characteristics of the meal and snack items from the heavier pack contribute to its weight.
Answers may vary depending on what each pack contains. Try to create a situation that allows the group to see how planning for one-pot meals, repackaging foods, and taking light snacks reduces the amount of garbage that must be packed out.
Discuss the differences in litter that would result from cooking meals and snacking from the items in each pack. Your choice of items in the packs will affect responses. Again, try to create a situation that allows the group to see how planning for one-pot meals, repackaging foods, and taking light snacks reduces the amount of garbage that must be packed out.
Ask participants which pack would require the fewest utensils for cooking and the smallest fire. One-pot meals can be made with one pot and can be cooked on a small backpacking stove. Cooking hot dogs and heating beans either requires the use of two pots or the use of a campfire.
Wrapping Up the Activity (30 minutes )
Your campers are great backcountry planners! Your group knows how to have fun while preserving the naturalness of the outdoors for wildlife and visitors. How well has each person learned to plan meals and lightweight snacks?
- Have participants create a menu for their favorite one-pot meal and suggest lightweight snacks for one full day in camp.
- Describe how their meals and snacks will lighten their backpacks, reduce garbage, and eliminate the need for a fire.
- Hold a backyard cookout with camp stoves or a backcountry cook-off for advanced groups. Taste each dish and then vote. Reward the winners with Leave No Trace-type prizes. Have people create a lightweight, economical, one-pot meal that produces a minimum of trash, or have a tasting party with dried fruits and other noncook backpack foods.
Congratulations on conducting a well-prepared meeting for your group!
Couscous You Say
1 cup water
1 cup packaged couscous mix
1 package dry vegetable soup mix
Bring water to a boil. Add couscous (a quick grain dish available in supermarkets) and soup mix. Cook until water is absorbed and couscous is tender. Variations: Add one beef bouillon cube; add Vienna sausages or pepperoni.
1 package freeze-dried refried beans
Cook beans according to instructions on the package. Heat tortillas over a flame. Add refried beans and cheese.
Check local outdoors stores and your public library for magazines and camping books that have one-pot recipes.


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PRO-MINERALIZER is Non-Hazardous and Eco-friendly solution, which contains consortium (group) of microflora of various kinds including Fibre degrading, Lignin degrading and various Enzymes producing organism. It converts tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc into simple minerals.
Key Benefits of Pro-Mineralizer
- Provides useful nutrients to Diatoms and plankton by the process of degradation (mineralization) of high organic compounds and enhances their development.
- It performs mineralization and converts raw materials (tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc.,) into simple minerals.
- It helps in creating excellent atmosphere at the bottom of the pond, which is a platform for mineralization of organic and inorganic fertilizers used.
- It helps in mineralization and thus enhances the working capacity of probiotics used in the ponds, which helps the probiotics to establish in the pond and metabolize various biodegradable compounds.
Dosage of Probiotic Microflora for Aquaculture
- 10 L / hectare. Repeat the dose once in 3-4 weeks for better maintenance of pond.
For all your AgroVet needs, Contact Us Now!


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green snakeArticle Free Pass
green snake, any of several species belonging to the family Colubridae, named for their colour. The North American green snakes are the two species of the genus Opheodrys. These docile, slender, harmless snakes often live in gardens. They lay eggs, and they subsist on insects and spiders. The smooth green snake (Opheodrys vernalis), sometimes called green grass snake, is about 50 cm (20 inches) long. The rough, or keeled (ridged), green snake (O. aestivus), often called vine snake, is about 75 cm (23 inches) long.
What made you want to look up "green snake"? Please share what surprised you most...


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How to Qualify for E-2 Investor Immigration Visa
E2 Treaty Investor Visa
How to Qualify for E-2 Investor Immigration Visa
E-2 investor visa allows entry to the United States (from another country that the United States maintains a treat y with) in order to work based on a substantial amount of investment and control he or she will hold while in the United States.
In Order to Qualify For an E-2 Nonimmigrant Visa, You Must Satisfy the Following:
 1. Nationals must be from a country that has an existing treaty with the United States;
 2. Substantial investment, ownership, or control must be held by the nationals; and
 3. A citizenship of that country must be held by those seeking E status under the treaty.
Active Investment
The investment must be active. An active investment refers to its operation and services. In other words, the investment must allow the investor to undertake procedures in an effort to produce goods for profit. The investor must be engaged in the business enterprise; passive activities within the business enterprise will not qualify. For example, purchasing a property may not be sufficient. Instead, the investor must hire employees in order to manage, develop, improve, and maintain that property. Throughout this process, the investor must remain active by controlling and directing the investment in order to begin or continue providing services.
Substantial Investment
The investment must be substantial. While there is no set minimum amount to consider the investment "substantial," it must nonetheless be substantial in its connection to the total expenses of purchasing an existing or already established business enterprise. Also, a substantial amount of capital must be sufficient to secure the successful operation of the business enterprise.
One of two tests must be met in order to be considered a "substantial" investment:
 1. If an investment is made towards an existing business, then it must be proportional to the full value of that enterprise;
 2. If an investment is made towards a new business, then it must be an amount generally deemed necessary to establish a practical enterprise of that type.
Not Marginal Investment
Investment must not be marginal. That is to say, the investment must have the potential or power to produce enough income in order to support a decent living for the treaty investor and his family. Additionally, in most instances, such investment should provide individuals living in the U.S. with job opportunities. While creating employment opportunities for U.S. workers is not a requirement, it can be used to show that the investment is not marginal. When an investment is not considered to be marginal, it will require individuals beyond the investor to operate the business or enterprise. Further, it will generate enough income to fulfill the investors living expenses, along with payment of its U.S. workers.
Therefore, the issue is whether there is a projected and reliable return on the investment in order to meet the requirements of an E-2 treaty investor visa.
Essential Role in Enterprise
An essential role in an enterprise can be held by both the principal investor and certain employees of the investing enterprise. Both can obtain a treaty-investor status.
An individual, applying to enter the U.S. as a treaty investor, is considered a principal investor when he has a majority—at least 50%—ownership in the business, along with the responsibly of controlling and developing that enterprise. This generally occurs when the investor owns a majority and controlling interest in the business.
Another way an individual can enter the U.S. is as an employee of a company.
In order to qualify for an E-2 nonimmigrant visa as an employee of a treaty investor, the following must be satisfied:
 1. Nationals from a treaty country must serve in a managerial capacity; or
 2. Nationals from a treaty country who serve in technological capacity, such that
 - special skills, expertise, training, and qualifications are required in order to start-up the business;
 - national is needed to train or supervise others within that capacity; or
 - monitor and expand product improvement and quality.
Therefore, the employee must play an essential role for the operation of the company.
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Background: Gentian violet dye released from industries into the environment has caused serious water pollution and is a significant environmental pollutant to human beings owing to the toxicity. It is urgent to decrease environmental pollution by removing gentian violet in the wastewater.
Objective: The aim is to synthesize hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites by a simple hydrothermal method without surfactants and research the photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation.
Methods: Hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have been obtained via the hydrothermal method. The structure, size, morphology and photocatalytic performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Results: The nanocomposites possess oven-shaped morphology with the size of less than 100 nm and are composed of hexagonal SrSn(OH)6 and tetragonal SnO2 phases. The band gap of the nanocomposites is 3.52 eV. 10 mg hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have the ability to completely degrade 10 mL gentian violet solution with the concentration of 10 mgL-1 under 6 h ultraviolet-visible light irradiation. Hydroxyl radical, hole and superoxide radical are the main species for the gentian violet photocatalytic degradation using the nanocomposites.
Conclusion: The hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites show good photocatalytic performance for the GV degradation. The photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation using the hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites depends on the irradiation time and content of the nanocomposites.
Read more: _URL_


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Setting the Active Language for a Project
After adding languages to your project with the Resource DLL Wizard, the base language module is loaded when you choose Run > Run. However, you can load a different language module by setting the active language for the project.
To set the active language
- In the IDE, recompile the resource module for the language you want to use.
- Choose Project > Languages > Set Active. The Set Active Language wizard displays a list of the languages in the project. The base language appears in angle brackets at the top of this list, for example, .
- Select a language from the list and click Finish.


text:
The training laboratory stand is intended to study the change in chemical/physical water properties by its filtration through the filtering medium at secondary specialized colleges and higher education establishments.
The stand is designed as a mounted installation of water filtration system.
System elements are installed on the profile aluminum rack (mobile mounting platform).
The mobile platform accommodates the following main equipment:
- Centrifugal pump;
- Supply tank with free-flow aeration system;
- Discharge tank with overflow valve;
- Filtration system with valves and flow meters;
- Pipeline fittings;
- Box with pneumatic control valves;
- Microprocessor control and measuring system.
Microprocessor-based control and measuring system has a modular design combining autonomous units.
Microprocessor-based control and measuring system allows to record the actual water and temperature flow before and after treatment and to control the operation of pneumatic control valves of free-flow aeration system in manual and -automatic mood.
For measuring the actual water flow is used a flow meter with impulse output. To measure the temperature are used digital temperature sensors.
Microprocessor system includes the following set of units:
- input unit;
- power supply unit;
- flow rate measuring unit;
- control unit;
- temperature measuring unit.
The stand accommodates by a set of guides and technical documentation for the teaching personnel.


text: V-Tent is an ecofriendly parking system that protects and charges vehicles. It is a collapsible canopy that can be used in both personal and public parking areas. Aiming to create a sustainable system for urban environment, V-Tent offers a safe space for electric cars either at home or in city. Functioning as a canopy that prevents weather side-effects such as sun heat or snow, design protects vehicles physically from environmental conditions. Therefore, it prolongs the life and maintenance cycle of vehicles in the long run. Also designed as a precaution for theft, structural elements of design work as barriers. System of V-Tent in public usage is designed as a space saving parking lot space that runs on fee. With a simple interface, user is able to choose parking period and make payment by card. Being informed with an estimated charging time, drivers can access the system interface remotely via smartphone applications. Band light on V-Tent indicates availability and charge percentage with color and length. Produced energy from solar power can be used in urban applications such as lighting, where individual users can also benefit carbon-free energy for their usage.


Catholic wedding invitation wording
What is the correct wording for a wedding invitation?
Traditionally the name of the bride always precedes the groom's name. Formal invitations issued by the bride's parents refer to her by her first and middle names, the groom by his full name and title; if the couple is hosting by themselves, their titles are optional.
How do you write 5 thirty on a wedding invitation?
The time can be written in a variety of ways to fit your style and theme. For example, if your wedding is at 5:30 p.m. the traditional wording to use is "half after five o'clock" or " five – thirty in the evening." If this is too formal for your style, you may write the time simply as 5:30 p.m.
How do you write a formal wedding invitation?
Proper Assembly: Step 1: Lay your wedding invitation down with the wording facing up. Step 2: Place your reception card, wording side up, on top of the invitation. Step 3: Tuck your response card, wording side up, under its envelope flap and place on top of the reception card.
How do you write an invitation message?
Invitation Letter Writing Tips It must include the address, date, and time of the event on the left side of the letter. Make sure to mention the salutation at the beginning and your signature at the ending of the letter. Make sure to write a grammatically correct and concise letter.
What do I say on an invitation?
Basic Information for All Invitations There are some things that all invitations should include. You'll want to let your guests know the purpose of the event (if there is one), the time (start and end), the place, special instructions (for example, costume party), and style (formal or casual).
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Do you write out Doctor on wedding invitations?
A wedding invitation is issued by the host(s). The hosts' name(s) are spelled out and include middle names and titles. Doctor should be spelled out, unless the name would be too long to fit on one line. The phrase "the honour of your presence" is used when the ceremony will take place in a house of worship.
Do you use full names on wedding invitations?
It is proper to address a wedding invitation to a person's full name. For those using an inner envelope, then the outer envelope can omit them, while the inner envelope has the full names of everyone invited, but for those who only have one envelope, it should be addressed to everyone in full.
What is the correct way to write RSVP?
An RSVP card kindly asks your invitees to "répondez, s'il vous plaît," which is where the four letters from R.S.V.P. come from. "Répondez, s'il vous plaît," means "please reply" in French. This English adapted abbreviation stands for the signal for a requested response from guests.
What is a formal invitation?
Formal invitations are standard for events that call for formal or cocktail dress, such as weddings. Addresses, dates, and times are typically spelled out. A formal invitation card should use third person (e.g., they, their) rather than first (e.g., I, we, my, our) and include the full names of the event's hosts.
What is the tissue paper in wedding invitations?
If a sheet of tissue paper came on top of each invitation, it's your choice whether to leave it in or not. Traditionally, it was used to keep the ink from smudging. While most inks used these days won't smudge, the tradition has continued.
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How do you address wedding invitations?
Standard Addressing Etiquette Rules: Do not spell out the state. Address envelopes to both members of a married couple, husband first. Address envelopes to unmarried couples with each of their names on a separate line. Send separate invitations to children over 18. Write "and Guest" if a guest is allowed.
How do you invite someone to a party examples?
You are cordially invited to share the joy with us. Your presence means a lot to us! Having a guest like you in our party will be awesome. Please join us as we all celebrate the evening of [date] with friends and well-wishers!
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Catholic church near disney world
Catholic prayers for lovers
Who is the patron saint of lovers? St. Dwynwen What saint do you pray to for a boyfriend? St. Anthony of Padua, known as the patron saint of lost articles, is credited with recovering lost people, items and stolen goods. In some cultures, the faithful petition him when in search of love. How do […]


common bond in a sentence
Example sentences for common bond
Most importantly, you need to share the common bond of concern for fellow motorcyclists.
Having a vision gives us a common bond and purpose to strive for.
Their common bond is a desire to share their life experiences with kids who need help.
Competencies create a common bond of understanding and a common language for discussing performance.
The mill is constructed of brick perimeter walls laid in common bond and heavy timber framework.
Famous quotes containing the word common bond
There was a time when all these things would have passed me by, like the flitting figures of a theatre, sufficient for t... more
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Friday, January 1, 2010
Adaptive Spider Webs
Students rolled a marble around in a box that had their paper at the bottom and white paint. Next, the added the spider with black paint! :)
1 comment:
 1. Great idea! Where was the paint located? Off to the side? If so, how did you keep the paint from running/dripping onto the paper?


text:
Hop-Along Bouncing and Physio-Ball Stability Plank Exercise
1. Begin with a Swiss ball of a small to medium size.
2. While both hands are placed on the floor shoulder with apart directly below the shoulders.
3. Place the Swiss ball under the legs of the child so that the feet are off the ground.
4. While balancing the lower body on the Swiss ball, perform a plank and hold.


text:
AUT to be up and running before opening its listening port.
- Fixed a bug which caused hooking into JavaFx WebView controls to only work shortly after a page load.
- Improved stability of traversing HTML objects contained in a JavaFx WebView control.
- Added full support for SWT browser controls, enabling dedicated recognition of HTML objects on all platforms and with all browser engines.
- Added HiDPI support for SWT version 4.6.
- Fixed a potential issue with hooking into Java applications running on macOS.
- Added support for testing with the Microsoft Edge browser.
- Improve error handling when a user starts a testcase for Firefox or Chrome without having the extension installed or having an outdated extension installed. There will now be checks done in the Squish IDE before starting the test and as part of starting the
webhookhelper process before starting the browser. If the check fails an error is generated and the browser start is aborted.
- Improved browser extension installation procedure for Firefox and Chrome. The Squish IDE will trigger this when recording/running a testcase (or launching the browser) and no working extension could be detected. The extension installation is not part of the Squish installation procedure anymore.
- Text input in web applications is being recorded into a typeText(objectOrName, text) command now instead of a setText(objectOrName, text) command.
- Changed behavior of typeText(objectOrName, text) to only click into the beginning of the field if the field has no focus, so that subsequent typeText(objectOrName, text) commands on the same field will append to the field instead of prepending to it.
- Improved execution speed of the typeText(objectOrName, text) function by removing a fixed three second delay and instead relying on the focus state of the object to be typed into.
- Added a
HTML_TextBaseobjects that selects all the text in the field.
- Added chooseFile(filepath) function to interact with file dialogs inside the browser.
- Fixed set of 'unmatched properties' reported for failing object lookups when running tests on Windows.
- Support automation of Chromium-based desktop applications (built for example using CEF, Electron, nw.js).
- Support filtering of the
idproperty from names generated by Squish for Web. See
SQUISH_DIR/etc/webwrapper.inifor more information.
- Make nativeMouseClick(x, y, button) fail when the bounding rectangle of the object to click on has no width or height as this usually indicates that the screen coordinates calculated are wrong as well and would just cause a click in the top-left corner.
- Make nativeMouseClick(x, y, button) verify that the final coordinates (element position + provided relative click parameters) are within the bounding rectangle of the viewport of the browser and fail with an error if the coordinates are outside. This is another measure by Squish to avoid clicking somewhere on the desktop possibly bringing an automation system into an unusable state.
- The Squish extension for Google Chrome is now being installed from the Chrome Store to avoid developer-mode warning popups.
- Fixed a crash happening sometimes with Chrome when the last tab is being closed.
- Fixed a crash happening with Microsoft Internet Explorer when the test script closes a tab and immediately starts looking for another browser tab name.
- Fixed a problem causing waitForContextExists(context) to always wait for the timeout (20 seconds by default).
- Improved error reporting when using the function ToplevelWindow.focused() of the ToplevelWindow object
- Fixed a regression that could lead to Squish not being able to access any elements in Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 after a link click navigated to a new page.
- Fixed a crash happening when trying to access the title of a browser tab object in Microsoft Internet Explorer when a PDF is shown via an embedded viewer plugin in that browser tab.
- Disallow usage of Firefox 57 and newer with Squish 6.3 as the extension being used by Squish is not compatible with Firefox 57.
- nativeMouseClick(objectOrName, button) and typeText(objectOrName, text) will correctly signal an error now when activating the tab corresponding to the HTML object to interact with fails.
- A WPF example program called AddressbookWPF is now included, showcasing the support for WPF controls such as
- Fixed issue causing initial actions performed on.NET applications to not get recorded sometimes.
- Fixed potential resource leak when replaying tests on.NET applications.
- Handle vanishing objects more gracefully when replaying tests on.NET applications.
- Fixed problem causing accesses to the
textproperty of MFC tree view items to abort test execution in some cases.
- Made startwinaut print status (and error) messages when using the
--portswitch to simplify diagnosing issues related to attaching to applications.
- Applications launched via Squish for Windows will no longer show the standard WER (Windows Error Reporting) dialogs to avoid blocking test execution.
- Script handlers for
Crashevents installed using the installEventHandler(eventName, handlerFunctionNameOrReference) function will now get invoked as expected.
- Fixed error message being shown when picking (or recording clicks on) empty Infragistics
- Exposed new
textproperty on Infragistics menu items and toolbar buttons for consistency.
- Added support for function keys (F1-F19) for recording and playback of type(objectOrName, text).
- Added tapObject(objectOrName) function which is the same as clickObject(objectOrName) and doubleTap(objectOrName) function which is the same as doubleClick(objectOrName). For consistency with other Squish editions, the tapObject(objectOrName) function is recorded instead of the clickObject(objectOrName) function. The clickObject(objectOrName) and doubleClick(objectOrName) functions are kept for compatiblity with existing test scripts.
- Fixed hanging and crashing during playback on a
- Desktop screenshots are now taken in Retina resolution on Retina devices. This affects the saveDesktopScreenshot(filename) function and the testSettings.logScreenshotOnFail setting. The behavior of screenshots in verification points is not changed.
- Added WebView.evalJS(script) method to the
- Better native Java method exception description than
- Fixed regression from Squish 6.2 that prevented : network device strings from being recognized.
- Fixed instrumentation of APKs which use the latest Android SDK.
- Improved recording of text input by no longer considering text input on
XWalkViewBridgecontrols (or child controls thereof).
- Support for building squishserver with Visual Studio 6 has been dropped, customers building Squish/Qt from sources with that compiler should use the Quick Install steps.
- Fixed C++11 detection when building with Qt >= 5.7.0.
- Fixed building Squish on macOS against a Qt build which uses a library name infix.
qtbuiltinhook.prifor including the Squish for Qt builtin-hook in qmake projects to work with recent qmake and Qt Creator versions.
- Added experimental support for building squishidl with qmake.
- Improved performance for file copying during build, most notably when using
- Added support for building squishrunner and Squish IDE utilities with Qt 5.
- Fixed failed assertion in
doc/book/Buildsubwhen building Squish from sources with separate source and build directories but not enabling the documentation in the build.
- Fixed several data files being marked as executable in source packages.
- Overhauled the Squish for Web tutorial.
- The documentation of the ApplicationContext attachToApplication(autName) is now included in all Squish packages. The function's documentation was also extended to document that the timeout can be changed without specifying a host or port to connect to.
- Corrected the Squish for Java tutorial such that it no longer claims that Squish needs to know the path to the
For a list of noteworthy issues which were found after the release of Squish 6.3.0, please see the Known Issues page on the froglogic Knowledge Base.
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The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.


Direct Printing
From BR Wiki
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Direct Printing is printing direct to the port, formerly known as "pass-through" printing. Printer language and control vary for each printer, so for this reason this legacy method of printing has mostly been replaced with Native Windows Printing.
PCL and PJL are popular examples of the proprietary languages used by printers during the process of direct printing.
Printing directly to a network, indicated by NAME=PRN:/ can set a printer as the direct port printer, instead of the original PRN:/10
Also, another printer initialization keyword is supported for direct printing:
 PRINTER xxx INIT HP "..."
This adds certain required keywords to the printer initialization sequence. Some laser printers require these settings for Direct printing. They were previously provided automatically by pass-through printing (the predecessor to Direct printing).
The Printing article contains information about this and other printing processes.


Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Are there any protections in place for children when dealing with the police?
The police powers available when dealing with children are generally the same as for adults. A police officer can ask a child for their name, address and date of birth if they reasonably believe that an offence has been committed, or that the child can help with an investigation.
Children, like adults, also have the right not to answer any police questions. If a minor is arrested for a criminal offence, the police must inform the child of the reason for their arrest as well as instructing them they have the right to have an independent adult present during questioning. An independent adult can be a parent, guardian, legal representative, or support person that must be independent from the police.
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Tax Return
Over the last few years, income tax return (ITR) filing has become a completely online process. However, as you are required to fill various details and follow different steps while filing your ITR, there are chances of making mistakes or filling the wrong information. For instance, you may choose a wrong ITR form altogether, miss reporting an income, fill incorrect self-assessment tax challan details or incorrect TDS (tax deducted at source) details, tax deduction account number or any other detail; all these can get you a tax notice.
Let's look at the most common mistakes you could make and how to avoid them.
Selecting the wrong ITR form
Choose the ITR form that is applicable to you. "The government has prescribed different ITR forms for different classes of taxpayers, depending on their residential status, heads under which their sources of income fall, level of taxable income, holding shares/ directorship in a company or member in a Partnership firm, etc. Often, taxpayers tend to ignore some of these conditions and select an incorrect form inadvertently," says Shailesh Kumar, Partner, Nangia & Co LLP. So, selecting the appropriate ITR form is very important. If you file your return in the wrong ITR form, it is considered as invalid or not filed at all, and in such cases, you may get a notice from the tax department.
Missing out an income
The other common mistake most tax filers make is ignoring certain incomes. Your employers deducts taxes and gives you Form 16. But is that the only income you've earned? A simple savings bank balance earns you interest. That too is taxable. Your investment, however small, must also be declared: your Form 16 may not have covered it.
"Sometimes, taxpayers, especially the salaried, tend to file their ITR mainly based on the Form 16 or TDS certificate issued by their employers. They inadvertently miss out on other sources of income, such as interest income. Such details need to be collated and kept handy while filing the ITR form," says Kumar. While assessing a tax return, the tax department may notice the missing income and send you a demand notice.
Mismatch in tax credit
This means there is a difference between the amount of tax credit you have claimed in your tax return and what is available in the records of the income tax authorities. There could be various reasons for the mismatch. One could be that you filed wrong information; or, TDS may not have been deposited with the department by the deductor or is not reflected in your Form 26AS. So, to avoid getting a tax notice, cross check the tax deducted from your income with the TDS reflecting in Form 26AS. If there is a mismatch, get it rectified before filing your tax return.
There are various tax deductions available to income tax assessees under different sections such as 80C, 80D and 24(b). These deductions are available for investments or expenses. Besides these, there are various rules and limits to consider while calculating deductions and exemptions. However, "many times, taxpayers claim an incorrect amount or deduction under an incorrect section due to lack of technical knowledge, which results in variation of their tax liability," says Kumar. As a result, tax notices become inevitable. So, while claiming deductions, it is important to have proper knowledge of tax rules. If you face problems, it is advisable to consult a tax expert or chartered accountant.
Not filing tax return
Not filing a tax return when you are supposed to, certainly increases the chances of receiving a tax notice. Remember, if your gross income is above the basic exemption limit—up to Rs 2.5 lakh for individuals below the age of 60 years, Rs 3 lakh for those between the age of 60 and 80, and Rs 5 lakh for those above 80—you should file your tax return. There are other criteria too that make it mandatory to file a tax return.
Moreover, you should file your return before the due date. This year the due date has been extended to 31 November 2020. You can file a return even after that, till March 31, 2021, but with a penalty. A return cannot be filed once the assessment year gets over, i.e., March 31.
While we tend to make mistakes, postponing things till the last moment further increases the chances of making errors. So, hurry and file your tax return as soon as possible and avoid making the above mentioned mistakes.
Related posts


<< Charlemagne Chief of Dwarf Village Chief of Elf Village >>
Star: N/A
Origin: Dwarf Village
Events: Gate Rune Wars
Position: Chief
Born: IS 353
Death: N/A
Unlike his elven counterpart the Chief of the Dwarves is not intolerant to other races but he does think that dwarves are superior. He could not believe that any human could have stolen anything from the Dwarven Vault, let alone the plans for the Burning Mirror, so he set a test to see if Tir and his party could repeat the feat. When they returned with the object he had set, the Running Water Root, he pledged his aid to destroy the Burning Mirror. This he did so with the aid of the Firewind Cannon, but not before the mirror had been used to raze the Village of the Elves. He stayed in the sidelines throughout much of the rest of the war but was there when needed. Following the end of the conflict he works with the new Toran authorities; Kirkis, the new chief of the elves; and Kuromimi, the new chief of the kobolds, to bring about greater understanding and co-operation between the different races of Great Forest. - Blue Moon


text:
Thermal Load Reduction of Truck Tractor Sleeper Cabins 2008-01-2618
Several configurations of truck tractor sleeper cabs were tested and modeled to investigate the potential to reduce heating and cooling loads. Two trucks were tested outdoors and a third was used as a control. Data from the testing were used to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and this model was used to predict reductions in cooling loads during daytime rest periods. The test configurations included the application of standard-equipped sleeper privacy curtain and window shades, an optional insulated or arctic sleeper curtain, and insulated window coverings. The standard curtain reduced sleeper area heating load by 21% in one test truck, while the arctic curtain decreased it by 26%. Insulated window coverings reduced the heating load by 16% in the other test truck and lowered daytime solar temperature gain by 8°C. The lowered temperature resulted in a predicted 34% reduction in cooling load from the model. Modeling also predicted doubling cab insulation could reduce cooling load by 35% and up to 54% with the sleeper curtain closed. Infrared images of the truck cabs identified other potential areas to reduce heat loss that included areas around window and door seals, at body and structural seams, and areas where insulation may be lacking around air circulation ducts.


Q. 134.0( 4 Votes )
At a given temper
Answer :
At a given temperature osmotic pressure is given by a formula i.e.
Where is the osmotic pressure, is the van't Hoff factor, M is the molar concentration, R is the universal gas constant and T is the temperature.
Thus, osmotic pressure directly proportional to the concentration.
For a concentrated solution, the osmotic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure for a dilute solution.
Thus, Option (i) is the correct answer.
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