Is data produced by the European Space Agency covered by any such thing as the Freedom of Information Act like in the United States?
That is, are data produced by ESA programs freely available much like they are for NASA programs?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ ESA is not a national space agency but a conglomerate of many of them, most of the ones on the continent of Europe and including Canada and Israel. So I don't know what (or whose) FoIA analog you're looking for when we're talking of ESA. Many could apply, depends on which nations (and often also privately held entities) are involved with a specific mission and whose IP or other interests need protecting and for how long - i.e. by the so-called proprietary period, and when their data products will be made publicly available. blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/07/16/access-to-rosetta-data $\endgroup$ – TildalWave Nov 12 '14 at 11:37
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ BTW, FoIA does not necessarily mean that data products from NASA (or NOAA) missions will be made publicly available ASAP. All it does is that it ensures that at some point in time they will be, provided of course they're not further classified and contain information unsuitable for public consumption (many high resolution Earth-observation data products would fall in that category). Also check en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_information_laws_by_country the concept of Freedom of Information Laws isn't specific to US and some other countries implemented them hundreds of years before. $\endgroup$ – TildalWave Nov 12 '14 at 11:48
 - $\begingroup$ Example: Rosetta data disclosure $\endgroup$ – mins Jan 14 '15 at 6:19
 - $\begingroup$ FOIA, Schmoia - it's not relevant when entire data archives are pulled offline and then decimated (aka NTRS and the Big Red Scare). $\endgroup$ – Deer Hunter Jul 24 '15 at 15:14
The European Space Agency (ESA) is subject to the Regulations of the European Space Agency. One of these documents is ESA/REG/008 - Rules on Information, Data and Intellectual Property, the goal of which is stated as follows:
The Rules on Information, Data and Intellectual Property, as adopted by Council on 19 December 2001 under the reference ESA/C/CLV/Rules 5 (Final), are designed to promote access to information and data and to cover the use of Intellectual Property resulting from Agency's activities, while fully taking into account the provisions of the Convention and the interests of the Member States and of persons and bodies under their jurisdiction.
Chapter II, Section II, subpoint 1a states:
Access and use to be reserved by the Agency
Information, Data and Intellectual Property resulting from work performed under an Agency contract shall be available to the Agency and Participating States, including Persons and Bodies under their Jurisdiction, free of charge, for the Agency's Own Requirements in the field of space research and technology and their space applications.
The 24 page document goes on to further detail the exact regulation of release of information, so I would highly recommend reading it if you wish to know more specific rules.
Your Answer


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Villanova Executive Education sets itself apart by committing to a model that is based on providing cutting-edge staff support, superior faculty, and practical strategies that have been proven to drive positive organizational change. The following process demonstrates our commitment to personalized service and outlines the steps toward a successful partnership.
Step 1: PARTNER
VSB works with the client to complete a needs assessment to understand the program's objectives, including learning outcomes, participant backgrounds, success measures, and how the program fits into overall organizational strategy.
Step 2: RESEARCH
Faculty engage in industry and academic research. Through work with executive leaders and based on information gathered in the partnership phase, faculty prepare to bring the application of that research to the classroom.
Step 3: DESIGN
Cutting-edge content is generated and merged with client-specific business challenges. An innovative design is proposed and refined based on client feedback and results in a customized program that fits stated client objectives.
Step 4: DELIVER
A classroom environment is created which promotes and encourages applied learning so that participants are able to create immediate and ongoing value for their organization.
Step 5: ASSESS
Assessment occurs in real time—ensuring that changes are made during the delivery phase that are responsive to feedback from participants and/or newly gathered competitive intelligence that may impact program content or context.
Step 6: TRANSFORM
Success is achieved when learning is translated into action across an organization. Participants continue to transform the way they approach and solve problems as they actively transfer learning to the teams they manage and influence.
Step 7: IMPACT
After the program concludes, VSB analyzes the impact of the engagement based upon success measures set forth in the partner phase. An appropriate follow-up plan is suggested that promotes continued learning and aligns with organizational strategy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Introduction to Serverless Databases and CockroachDB Serverless
This course introduces the core concepts behind serverless databases and gives you the tools you need to get started with CockroachDB Serverless
Estimated Effort1 hr/week
This course introduces the core concepts behind serverless databases and gives you the tools you need to get started with CockroachDB Serverless.
During the course, you will learn how serverless databases remove the burden of configuring, sizing, provisioning, securing, maintaining and dynamically scaling your database based on load. This means you simply pay for the serverless database resources you use. CockroachDB - a Distributed SQL cloud-native database designed for consistency, resiliency, located data and scale - is the core of CockroachDB Serverless.
You will explore CockroachDB Serverless extends core CockroachDB by embodying the key features of serverless databases. Then you'll spin up a CockroachDB Serverless cluster, and use the SQL shell to solve a set of hands-on exercises.
By the end of this course, you'll learn:
- Why use serverless databases
- How CockroachDB serverless can help you in developing your applications
- How to spin up a CockroachDB Serverless cluster
- How to read and write data to a CockroachDB Serverless cluster
-...and more!
- 1 hour
Get Free Swag
Once you complete the course and pass the final exam for the Introduction to Serverless Databases and CockroachDB Serverless course, we'll mail you some exclusive Cockroach University swag. Please check your email for further instructions. Note: It may take a few hours for the email to arrive. * **
* Swag is only available for Cockroach University users in North America and the EU who have completed the Introduction to Serverless Databases and CockroachDB Serverless course at this time. We hope to expand in the future.
**Once you've completed the Introduction to Serverless Databases and CockroachDB Serverless course, you must complete of the following steps: 1) post your Certificate of Completion to your LinkedIn or Twitter accounts, 2) provide us with a screenshot of your social media post, and fill out your size and shipping information


text:
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An excerpt from _URL_ archives copyright © 2000 - 2013
Where did the Spanish Garza family come from? What is the Spanish Garza family crest and coat of arms? When did the Garza family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Garza family history?The mountainous borders of Spain contain the origins of the prestigious surname Garza. The earliest forms of hereditary surnames in Spain were the patronymic surnames, which are derived from the father's given name, and metronymic surnames, which are derived from the mother's given name. Spanish patronymic names emerged as early as the mid-9th century and the most common patronymic suffix is "ez." The patronyms were derived from a variety of given names that were of many different origins.
Spelling variations of this family name include: Garza, de Garza, de la Garza, Garzo, Garzón and many more.
First found in Galicia, an important Christian kingdom of medieval Spain.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Garza research. Another 614 words(44 lines of text) covering the years 1037, 1139, and 1162 are included under the topic Early Garza History in all our PDF Extended History products.
More information is included under the topic Early Garza Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
- Juan de la Garza, who sailed to America in 1514
- Alonso Garza sailed to New Spain in 1537
Garza Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century
- Jose Garza, who landed in Texas in 1850
- Camilo Garza, who landed in Puerto Rico in 1868
- Marceline Garza, aged 52, who landed in America, in 1895
- Oscar Garza, aged 19, who landed in America, in 1895
- Zusanna Garza, aged 32, who settled in America, in 1895
Garza Settlers in the United States in the 20th Century
- Sedrenio Garza, who arrived in Texas in 1911
- Daniel Garza, aged 21, who emigrated to the United States from Mexico City, Mexico, in 1912
- Macedonio Garza, aged 30, who emigrated to America from Mexico City, Mexico, in 1913
- Cifrano Garza, aged 27, who landed in America from Monterey, Mexico, in 1913
- Miguel Garza, aged 32, who emigrated to the United States from Paris, France, in 1915
- Matthew Scott "Matt" Garza (b. 1983), American Major League baseball pitcher
- Antonio Oscar "Tony" Garza Jr. (b. 1959), American lawyer and former county judge
- Loreto Garza (b. 1962), American three-time Golden Glove boxer
- Roberto Garza (b. 1979), American NFL football guard
- Alana de la Garza (b. 1976), American actress, best known for her role on Law and Order
- Nicole Garza (b. 1982), American actress
- Samuel Mayorga Garza Jr. (b. 1965), American former NFL and CFL professional quarterback
- Rodrigo Garza (b. 1979), Spanish Olympic field hockey player
- Captian Blas María de la Garza Falcón (_PHONE_), Spanish settler of Tamaulipas and South Texas
- Josele Garza (b. 1962), Mexican professional race car driver
- Origin of the Surnames Garza and Trevino in Nuevo Leon by Tomas Mendirichaga Cueva.
- Stolen Heritage: A Mexican-American's Rediscovery of His Family's Lost Land Grant by Abel G. Rubio.
- Hanks, Patricia and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. (ISBN 0-19-211592-8).
- Maduell, Charles R. Compiler Index of Spanish Citizens Entering the Port of New Orleans Between January 1840 and December 1865. New Orleans: The Compiler, 1966. Print.
- Browning, Charles H. Americans of Royal Descent. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing. Print.
- Diez, Ma Del Carmen Galbis. Catalogo de Pasajeros a Indias Durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII Archivo General de Indias Sevilla Volume 6. Murcia, Spain: Ministerio de Cultura, 1986. Print.
- García Carraffa, Alberto and Arturo. Diccionario Heráldico y Genealógico de Apellidos Españoles y Americanos 88 Volumes. Madrid: A. Marzo. Print.
- Colletta, John P. They Came in Ships. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1993. Print.
- Atienza, Julio De Atienza. Español: Diccionario Heraldico De Apellidos Españoles Y De Titulos Nobiliarios. Madrid: Aguilar, 1959. Print.
- Rasmussen, Louis J.. San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists 4 Volumes Colma, California 1965 Reprint. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1978. Print.
- Rietstap, Johannes Baptist. Armorial Général. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Print.
- Rolland, and H.V. Rolland. Illustrations to the Armorial general by J. B. Rietstap 6 volumes in 3. Baltimore: Heraldic Book Company, 1976. Print.
The Garza Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Garza Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 12 June 2013 at 16:24.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Think of a specific time in your life when you actively noticed stratification based on social class. Inequality is embedded in our daily lives, but I want you to think of a specific event. For example, a specific conversation that you had that made an impression or an event where there were certain social expectations based on class. It can be a memory from childhood or something you just did recently.
1. Start by telling me about the event. What made you think of it, and why is it relevant for this assignment?
2. Then tell me about how the event brought the social class to your attention. What were some of the social rules, expectations, or assumptions made based on class? Were there penalties for violating those rules/expectations? Rewards for conforming to them? Were other dimensions of stratification present (e.g., race, gender, sexuality)? If so, how did they intersect with the class?
3. Next, reflect on how you participated in the event. Did you discuss class – or related dimensions of stratification – openly? Why or why not?
4. Finally, describe how you generally talk about or encounter class in your everyday life. Did the event you've discussed in this assignment change this in any way?
Use parenthetical references (lecture, date; or reading, date) to cite material from class and readings. You should cite at least two concepts (in addition to the term "class" itself) from the readings or lecture materials.
Please use 12-point font, double-spaced with 1" margins. The assignment should be 400-700 words (about 2-3 double-spaced pages). Make sure to put your name on the first page and staple in the top left-hand corner of the assignment. In addition to a hard copy, please also submit an electronic copy of your assignment on Canvas.
Followed directions, submitted on time1 pts
Description of event7 pts
Quality of self-reflection7 pts
Connection to class concept(s)10 pts
Pick 2 of the Attached files to use as sources. Please make sure you connect story to class concepts. You can use all the files if it's easier to think of a story.
Answer & Explanation
Did the event you've discussed in this assignment change this in any way? Below is a detailed and precise response to the question. Step-by-step explanation Social stratification is the categorization... View This Answer


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A new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology bolsters the importance of reflection to learning and retaining what you learn—at least, it does if you're a rat, according to this article in the Boston Globe. The researchers found that rats that are allowed some time to do an "instant replay," from the end of the task through the middle to the beginning, were better at learning what they just went through.
The article goes on to say that the rats also replayed their experience, in forward motion, this time, while sleeping. But if you let them do what they naturally would do after running a track (hang out, chew on a hairball, whatever), they're learning skills improve.
''We have this tendency to kind of force ourselves, push ourselves," Wilson said. ''To constantly go, and that gets reflected in the way we do our science. We want animals to perform, we want to perform. Just sitting back and allowing them to do nothing, it's hard to do that because you tend to think you're wasting time and energy." But what made this experiment work, he said, was ''letting the animals do what they naturally do."
Make Reflection Your Resolution, which suggests not only to build in reflection time for attendees, but for yourself, too. It's great advice.' editor Tamar Hosansky wrote a great editorial on just this idea,


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How fast anything spins is partly determined by how its weight is distributed. The closer an object's weight is to its axis of rotation, the faster it spins. To picture this, imagine an ice skater doing a pirouette. When her arms are extended, she spins slowly.
For many scientists, a species' success is measured by sheer numbers. In that case, the most successful species known to man is a type of bacterium known as S-A-R-11, or SAR-11 for short. Scientists estimate that there are two-hundred and forty times a billion billion billion SAR11 cells floating around in the oceans. Now that [...]


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Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the push movement in tai chi
- Correspondence to: Ms Chan, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Kwok Sports Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong;
- Accepted 16 September 2002
Background: Tai chi is a form of exercise derived from the martial art folk traditions of China. The force used in tai chi includes different principles of mechanical advantage. No studies on the kinematic features of tai chi exercise have been published.
Objective: To analyse the kinematics and electromyographic characteristics of tai chi.
Methods: An experienced tai chi master was asked to perform a sequence of basic movements: ward off, roll back, press, and push. The movements were videotaped and digitised using a motion analysis system. Electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae, rectus femoris, medial hamstrings, and medial head of gastrocnemius were recorded by surface electrodes. The push movement data were analysed.
Results: The medial hamstrings and medial head of gastrocnemius muscle groups maintained low activity, with higher electromyographic values in the lumbar erector spinae and substantially higher ones in the rectus femoris during the push movement. Both concentric and eccentric contractions occurred in muscles of the lower limbs, with eccentric contraction occurring mainly in the anti-gravity muscles such as the rectus femoris and the medial head of gastrocnemius. The forward and backward shifts in centre of gravity (CG) were mainly accomplished by increasing and decreasing respectively the joint angles of the bilateral lower limbs rather than by adopting a forward or backward postural lean. The path of the CG in the anteroposterior and mediolateral component was unique, and the sway or deviation from the path was small. The master maintained an upright posture and maintained a low CG (hips, knees, and ankles bent) while travelling slowly and steadily from one position to another.
Conclusion: The eccentric muscle contraction of the lower limbs in the push movement of tai chi may help to strengthen the muscles.


Create slash notation
Updated 6 years ago
If you want to write sheet music for a Jazz ensemble, Big Band, or other group performing improvisation, you may want to use "slash notation".
To do this, you can either perform the steps below or simply use the slash notation plugin. Only use the steps below if you really cant install the plugin (possibly because you aren't allowed to install the plugin or if installation fails).
This kind of notation is used to indicate when a solist is supposed to play a solo. It looks like this:
forward slashes show when to solo
As seen in the picture above, you can still add chord symbols and dynamics to the slashed bars.
In the current version of MuseScore, the process of creating slash notation is a bit complicated and involves the following steps:
 1. Fill a whole bar with quarter notes. They should be placed on the middle line of the stave. If your meter consists of an uneven number of eighth notes, use eighths instead.
 2. Select all those notes by selecting the whole bar. Then right click directly on one of the selected notes.
 In the resulting menu select the "Note Properties" entry.
 3. Now you will see something like this:
 4. You have to change some entries now.
 - Check the "stemless" checkbox on top to make the stem disappear.
 - Under "Note Properties", select "slash" as "Note Head Group".
 - Now you have to silence the note so it does not disturb playback. You can do this by selecting "user" as "velocity type" and "1" as velocity value. This step is optional, but highly recommended.
 (Note: setting the velocity to 1 makes the cursor treat it as a note. If value is 0, cursor just jumps over it during playback.)
 This is how your window should look now:
 5. Click "OK" and you are done!


1501-6-10 Definitions.
(A) "Annual recession rate" means the average rate, expressed in feet per year, at which the recession line moves landward. The annual recession rate shall be based on a time period not less than ten years nor greater than thirty years prior to the year that the base-map imagery was acquired. In no case shall the annual recession rate used to calculate the anticipated recession distance be less than zero.
(B) "Anticipated recession distance" means the center-weighted moving average of distances, equal to thirty times the annual recession rate, as determined at five consecutive transects. Anticipated recession distances less than thirty times the "calculated accuracy limit" (refer to paragraph (H) of this rule) shall be equal to zero.
(C) "Barrier beach" means a narrow, elongate sand ridge rising above lake level and extending generally parallel with the mainland shore, but separated from it by a body of water or a wetland.
(D) "Base recession line" means the recession line mapped from synoptic aerial photography, remote sensing imagery, digital data, or maps used to create the recession-line base map upon which coastal erosion areas are designated. The coastal erosion area shall be designated by measuring anticipated recession distances from the base recession line.
(E) "Beach" means A zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the shoreline to the toe of the bluff or dune. Where no bluff or dune exists, the landward limit of the beach is either the line of permanent vegetation or the place where there is a marked change in material or physiographic form.
(F) "Bluff" means a bank or cliff with a precipitous, steeply sloped face adjoining a beach or a body of water.
(G) "Bluff line" means the point of inflection where the slope of the upland surface changes to begin its descent to the beach or shoreline.
(H) "Calculated accuracy limit" means the potential error in recession rate resulting from the limit of image resolution and measurement inaccuracies and shall be calculated by dividing a fixed error of five feet by the time period in years over which the annual recession rate is calculated.
(I) "Coastal erosion area" means those land areas along lake Erie anticipated to be lost due to lake Erie-related erosion within a thirty-year period if no additional approved erosion control measures are completed within that time. These areas include land lakeward of the base recession line where anticipated recession distances are greater than zero and extend landward from the base recession line for a distance equal to the anticipated recession distance. Where anticipated recession distances are equal to zero, coastal erosion areas shall not be designated either lakeward or landward of the base recession line.
(J) "Dike" means any artificial barrier together with appurtenant works that shall be used either TO:
(1) Divert or restrain the flow of a stream or other body of water for the purpose of protecting an area from inundation by flood waters; or
(2) Maintain water levels in the diked area for the purposes of managing a wetland.
(K) "Dune" means a ridge or hill of loose, windblown sand, the crest of which typically trends parallel to the shoreline.
(L) "Erosion" means the loss or displacement of land along the lakeshore due to wave attack, ice scour, mass wasting, or other related erosion processes.
(M) "Erosion control measure" means a structure or actions specifically designed to reduce or control lake Erie-related erosion of the shore. Examples include, but are not limited to, groins, jetties, dikes, seawalls, revetments, bulkheads, breakwaters and artificially nourished sand and/or gravel beaches.
(N) "Fill land" means artificial land made by placing substantial fill and associated erosion control measures in lake Erie.
(O) "Mass wasting" means the downslope movement of material due to gravity. Examples of mass wasting include but are not limited to rotational slumps, debris flows, block falls, and rock falls.
(P) "Recession" means the landward retreat of the shore due to erosion.
(Q) "Recession distance" means the distance between two recession lines. The recession distance shows how far the "recession line" (refer to paragraph (R) of this rule) receded during a given time period.
(R) "Recession line" means the landform used for mapping recession of the shore, which shall include but is not limited to:
(1) Where the shore is a bluff, the recession line shall be the bluff line. Examples are shown in figure 1 of this rule.
(2) Where the shore is a sand spit with a dune or a barrier beach with a dune, the recession line shall be the top of the wave-cut face in the dune or the crest of the dune.
(3) Where the shore is a low-lying sand spit lacking a dune or a barrier beach lacking a dune, the recession line shall be the crest of the spit or barrier.
(4) Where the shore is a wetland, the recession line shall be the lakeward line of persistent emergent vegetation.
Figure 1: Examples of how recession lines are picked at bluff edge.
(5) Where the shore is diked, the recession line shall be the top of the lakeward-facing slope of the dike.
(6) Where low-lying waterfront areas are protected by a seawall, bulkhead, or revetment, the recession line shall be the top of the lakeward-facing slope of the structure.
(S) "Sand spit" means a narrow embankment of land composed of sand and gravel deposited by littoral processes which has one end attached to the shore and the other terminating in open water.
(T) "Shore" means the land bordering the lake.
(U) "Shoreline" means the line of intersection of lake Erie with the beach or shore.
See Figure 1 at
(V) "Wetland" means an area that is inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetland includes without limitation swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens.
Eff 9-8-91; 6-14-96
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 1506.02
Rule amplifies: RC 1506.02, 1506.06


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|Conducting Needs Assessment|
|Framework for Program Development|
|The Logic Model for Extension|
Developing and conducting research-based educational programs that result in a demonstrated impact on clients is the premise of extension work.
Planning extension programs offer an opportunity to learn more about our communities and set our work's direction. Planning programs is about understanding our community situation. This involves identifying community needs and assets, and identifying priorities.
The program design includes planning the learning environment and experience through conceptualizing change and selecting program activities to achieve desired results.
Learn more about extension program development by accessing the following resources:
The LSU AgCenter and the LSU College of Agriculture


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New Sahara
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New Sahara was a planet located in the region of space known as The Triangle, and was one of two marginal Class M worlds in the Oeth System, the other being New Siberia.
As the name implies, New Sahara was a desert world with a hot, dry climate and little surface water outside of two oceans located near the polar regions. The planet would have been uninhabited if it were not for a compound found within its vast quantities of sand. Known as Hard Sand, the compound could be used to create one of the strongest high-temperature ceramics in the galaxy. Hard Sand would even been used in the construction of starship engines.
As the planet had few, if any other resources, most of its supplies had to be imported, including water from neighboring New Siberia.
The government of the two planets, New Sahara and New Siberia, were shared. The Grandmaster, the leader of the government, was elected to a five year term, along with 60 Grand Senators (30 from each of the two planets).
Both planets considered themselves to be unaligned to any major power. (FASA reference book The Triangle)
Although not stated, the name of the planet implies that it was settled by Humans, or mostly Human colonists from Earth.
Triangle sector
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Online Physiology Degree
|Online Physiology Degree refers to the degree on Physiology that are provided by the online universities that are situated in different parts on the world. In this kind of degrees you can remain in some remote corner of the world, and can take lessons from the universities that are located at some other parts of the world. These degrees are very much in demand and are recognized by the organizations around the world.
What is Physiology?
The term Physiology refers o the study which involves the mechanical, physical as well a s biochemical functions of any kind of living organisms. In other world the physical, mechanical as well as different biochemical function that take place in the body of any living organism can be studies in the subject of Physiology. Traditionally, Physiology can be divided into two broader parts – plant physiology as well as animal physiology. Physiology Degrees are much sought after by students interested in the life sciences.
However the principles that are followed in physiology are universal irrespective of any particular organism. Human physiology is an important part of the study of animal physiology, too. There are some other major branches that originated from physiology that can be studies individually nowadays. These branches that originated from physiology includes biochemistry, paleobiology, biomechanics, pharmacology and biophysics. At the Online Physiology Degree you can also have a chance to study a few of these branches.
Who are eligible to study Online Physiology Degree?
An Online Physiology Degree are also beneficial to the working professionals who finds it hard to devote a certain amount of tie every day or at least once or twice a week to go for the part time courses. The Online Physiology Degree will help them to study at night or even between the working hours. The course material being available online the Online Physiology Degree gives them the option of 'flexible timings' for their studies. Thus the Online Physiology Degree courses are very beneficial to them.
Why choose an Online Physiology Degree?
Choosing or opting for an Online Physiology Degree can be a wise decision on the part of the busy professional as well as any modern day student. The course material used in Online Physiology Degree are made keeping in mind a global approach and so the degrees are, usually, recognized across the globe. The Online Physiology Degree courses also offer you the flexibility to choose your time and pace to study. Thus an Online Physiology Degree course has an edge over the conventional degrees that are available.
To know more about online science degree keep surfing the links of ONLINEDEGREESHUB.


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Characterization of an Nsp1FG surface by AFM.
(A) Schematic diagram of Nsp1FG approach-pulling experiment and worm-like chain (WLC) model parameters. (B) Representative retraction curves during single Nsp1FG stretching (left), and superimposition of the normalized curves (right). Each curve represents a single stretching event. (C) WLC model estimates of persistence length (Lp) and contour length (Lc) scatter-plotted against the adhesion force. Their frequency distributions are plotted in respective histograms. (D) Approach curves for layer thickness measurements: Control (PEG-PEG, left), single Nsp1FG layer (PEG-Nsp1, middle), and double Nsp1FG layer (Nsp1-Nsp1, right).


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Adobe Flash animation, which starts with one large rectangle, which is divided
into four slightly smaller, which, in turn, are divided again, and so on.
The idea behind this animation is based on so-called quad trees used in computer graphics.
A virtual object consists of polygons: small flat surfaces. If the number of polygons is large enough, you will perceive the object as being a realistic representation of a real object.
To calculate whether a polygon casts a shadow, you need to calculate whether there is another polygon between the polygon and the virtual light source.
One way to do this is to check all polygons in the virtual space. Depending on the number of polygons, this will result in a huge number of calculations.
To reduce the amount of calculations the virtual space is devided into cubes. If a cube is empty, the subdivision ends, if a cube has virtual objects in it, the cube is devided again etc. etc..
Instead of calculating all polygons, first the enclosing cube is submitted to a calculation, if there's no intersection, there will not be intersection with one of the polygons inside that specific cube. This method allows to reduce the number of redundant calculations considerably.
In this case, the cubes are replaced by rectangles.
The rectangle is only divided if the colours inside the square differ from each other.
After some time, a pixel-art illustration will emerge.


In the 1970s, Florida environmentalists who had invented the notion that landfills were going to overrun America came up with the idea of making coral reefs out of tires. A few short decades later, the clean-up costs when those all came loose were 100X the supposed savings and tires have fallen out of favor as clever quick fixes since then.
Leave it to people in Tennessee to find a new use for old tires. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
researchers have found a way to use them to make better lithium-ion batteries.
By modifying the microstructural characteristics of carbon black, a substance recovered from discarded tires, a team led by Parans Paranthaman and Amit Naskar is developing a better anode; the negatively charged electrode used as a host for storing lithium during charging.
 Published in RSC Advances. Source: DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory


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We Are Proud to Present
Ever wonder what it would be like to be in the rehearsal room when actors are digging ferociously into their psyches to discover a moment of revelation, or arguing heatedly over a character's motivation? In We Are Proud to Present …, a company of six actors gathers in a rehearsal room to tell the little-known story of the first genocide of the 20th century—the extinction of the Herero tribe at the hands of their German colonizers. Along the way, they test the limits of empathy as their own stories, subjectivities, assumptions and prejudices catalyze their theatrical process. Eventually the full force of a horrific past crashes into the good intentions of the present, and what seemed a faraway place and time comes all too close to home in this exceptional play about the sensitivities and difficulties inherent in the act of storytelling itself.
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Answer :
We know that
2 × ACB = AOB (The angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle subtended by the same arc on any point on the remaining part of the circle).
2 × 30 = AOB
AOB = 60.
AOB = 60
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Jakarta: Seaport city bathed in history
By Lauren Said-Moorhouse, for CNN
August 30, 2012 -- Updated 0947 GMT (1747 HKT)
The Indonesian capital of Jakarta is a fascinating city, with a long and proud maritime history. The Indonesian capital of Jakarta is a fascinating city, with a long and proud maritime history.
Sunda Kelapa
Jakarta: Seaport city
Pinisi schooners docked at Kelapa
Jakarta's maritime museum
"Pasar Ikan" or "Fish Market"
Visiting Pasar Ikan
Kota Tua
Fatahillah Square
Indonesian independence
 - Jakarta boasts a vibrant maritime history because of its location along the spice route
 - Travelers can get a taste of Jakarta's nautical past
 - Indonesia is a melting pot of cultures and people
Each week The Gateway goes behind the scenes of the world's major transport hubs, revealing the logistics that keep goods and people moving. This month, the show is in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sunda Kelapa port
Sunda Kelapa port
The "coconut of Sunda" (the port's name translated from Sundanese) soon flourished and attracted the attention of other maritime-invested nations including the Portuguese, Dutch and British. To this day, you can still see the influence of the Dutch colonialists in the architecture of many of the buildings in the old city.
Today, Indonesia is an independent republic that has become a melting pot of cultures and people. Nicknamed by travelers as the "Big Durian" (a pungent-smelling but sweet-tasting local fruit), the modern metropolis of Jakarta is a swelteringly smoggy city bursting at the seams with people.
Watch: Jakarta's maritime history
Jakarta's maritime history
Female captain fights armed robberies
Its moniker is probably a good description of the city. It may not be everyone's idea of a typical vacation spot -- some portions of the city are grungy, dilapidated streets with scruffy slums. But underneath the seemingly overpopulated, polluted exterior lies a vibrant city rich in history and eclectic tourism options. Here are our top picks for tourists wanting to sample Jakarta's maritime heritage.
Often missed by vacationers, the historic harbor of Sunda Kelapa sits at the mouth of the Ciliwung River. The original settlement is a fantastic insight into the city's history and is home to what is said to be the world's last wind-powered seafaring trade fleet.
Walk amongst the traditional pinisi ships -- simple but sturdy wooden vessels -- that once provided trade from Indonesia to Europe and Africa. Climb up Syahbandar Tower and gaze upon the beautiful views from the top.
Pasar Ikan
Pasar Ikan
Literally meaning "Fish Market" in Bahasa Indonesia (the country's native tongue), Pasar Ikan sits at the end of Sunda Kelapa harbor. Although the market now sells all types of wares, Indonesian fishermen still gather here daily to sell their catch. The best time to visit and join locals purchasing the best goods is in the morning before it gets too hot and the smell of fish becomes overwhelming.
In numbers: The world's shipping industry
Nearby, you can also see traditional kampung houses (dwellings on stilts) where local families live. Don't be shy and say hello to the incredibly friendly and welcoming folks that reside next to the market.
Museum Bahari
Museum Bahari
A short distance from Pasar Ikan are several repurposed Dutch East India Company warehouses, which now operate as Museum Bahari. Today, the museum lets you step back in time through the country's nautical past and emphasizes how important the sea still is to the economy of present-day Indonesia.
On display are beautifully decorated fishing boats and pinisi schooners as well as shipbuilding tools and explanations of Indonesian folklore and maritime traditions.
Steering away from the old harbor, visit the Kota Tua (Old Batavia) area. In the 16th century, the Dutch settled in Indonesia -- renaming Jakarta "Batavia" -- after seeing a high demand for the country's spices. It is in the popular Kota district that tourists can see the influence left by Indonesia's former colonists.
Kota Tua
Kota Tua
The buildings surrounding Fatahillah Square have distinct Dutch facades and architectural elements. Stroll down roads lined with stalls, street acts and tourists to visit the Jakarta History Museum, Wayang (Puppet) Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics.
Outside the Jakarta Historical Museum sits Si Jagur -- a disused Portuguese cannon that is believed to bring fertility to women who touch it. And a few blocks west of Fatahillah Square is the Great Canal, with its historical Dutch drawbridge, Jembatan Pasar Ayam, rising over the waterway. No longer operational, in the past the drawbridge was built to connect the Dutch and British forts stationed on each side of the canal.
Finally, end your visit to Jakarta by visiting the National Monument (known locally as "Monas") in the center of Merdeka Square. It was erected in the 1960s as a tribute to Indonesian independence and today stands as a reminder of Jakarta's vibrant and multicultural history.
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A ropeway hangs above the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.


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Is there a way to let a line, polygon,..., looks like it has been scribbled or hand drawn?

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Sure, break the line into several lines (or use a path with as many segments as you want). It should be fairly trivial to write a script that adds a bit of randomness to the points in each path segment. Another way is to use svg filters, see this example (more context and further examples available here).
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We can use the following structure with two different meanings. Does anyone know them?
Should + have + p.p.
If you are familiar with these rules, then please give me an answer. Since I am learning linguistics, I cannot accept an irrelevant/informal answer.
Thanks in advance
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If you don't know what the two different meanings are, then how do you know there are two different meanings? – Jon Hanna Feb 13 at 17:50
Also, I don't see how your learning linquistics applies, but it would seem that you can never accept any answer at all. – Jon Hanna Feb 13 at 17:53
I should have thought OP would have more sense than to antagonise respondents by slagging off potentially irrelevant answers before he's even seen them. He should have been more deferential. – FumbleFingers Feb 13 at 18:07
_USER_ I should have hoped it was a given that irrelevant answers wouldn't be accepted, but if someone is to insist upon formal answers then they should have written the question more formally than with hasty abbreviations. – Jon Hanna Feb 13 at 21:44
_USER_: I suppose in the final analysis my usage above (and indeed, yours) are subcategories within the "obligation" sense as set out by Cerberus. That's to say, if we were thinking/hoping "properly, as we ought", those would be our idea[l]s. I can't explain exactly why, but it seems to me casting the statements as "past tense hypothetical" implies disdain here (rather than deference, as would normally be the case with, say, "I would ask..." instead of "I ask..."). God knows how you analyse "I should have hoped" as opposed to "I should hope" (or just plain "I hope"). – FumbleFingers Feb 13 at 22:52
1 Answer 1
Should can be used in two (modal) ways:
 1. to express obligation, you should do the dishes now;
 2. to express probability, Napoleon should be unable to conquer St Petersburg.
It can be used in both ways in your construction. That is all that can be said about this without further context.
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OP did in fact give considerably more context than you've acknowledged there. Specifically, he's focussed on should + have + p.p., so riddle me this: does my third comment to the question itself represent obligation, probability, or what? I can't really see much of an element of obligation there, but it seems more like certainty than probability to me. – FumbleFingers Feb 13 at 18:13
He should have been fits obligation, surely. However, there is the alternative to would: "If it had rained, I don't know what I should have done." That's neither obligation nor probability. – Andrew Leach Feb 13 at 18:16
_USER_: Yes, obligation is the underlying sense of the second instance in my comment. But I should have thought it was fairly obvious I was thinking of the first instance. Which is really indistinguishable from I would have thought. Theoretically that verb form represents "irrealis", but that would hardly stand up in court since ipso facto I'm declaring that I do think whatever I should/would have thought. – FumbleFingers Feb 13 at 18:41
_USER_: I should apologise for my earlier flippancy. And the fact that I plain forgot to upvote what's obviously the most complete (and correct) answer that can be given with OP's limited context. To all intents and purposes I suspect the + have + p.p. bit is irrelevant (apart from being a spur to flippancy). Whatever - I've no doubt it's a dup of several earlier questions too, but someone else can do the spadework for that. – FumbleFingers Feb 13 at 23:46
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text:
The Nicholas School of the Environment is seeking scholarly editorial contributions to Environmental Leadership, a 2-volume, 100-chapter reference handbook that is part of the new SAGE Reference Series on Leadership. Chapters are anticipated to be 7000 words. This is a unique opportunity to help define environmental leadership. Academic and public libraries will be able to purchase the handbook as both a printed and a digital product.
The first volume will look at examples of environmental leadership in a range of fields, from grassroots efforts to corporate sustainability initiatives. The topical sections of this 50-chapter volume include:
- Perspectives on Environmental Leadership (environmental ethics, eco-feminism, etc.)
- Political and Governmental Leadership
- Private Sector Leadership
- Nonprofit Leadership
- Grassroots Activism
- Environmental Leadership in Journalism, Literature and the Arts
The second volume will feature essays that focus on intractable qualities of environmental problem solving. We envision essays that focus on how environmental leadership has been applied to address specific problems, offering both analysis and advice. The overarching themes of this 50-chapter volume include:
- Taking Action in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty
- Promoting International Cooperation in the Face of Conflicting Agendas
- Addressing Conflicts between Economic Progress and Environmental Protection
- Addressing Complex Management Challenges
- Addressing Environmental Injustices
- Next Generation of Environmental Leaders
If any of these subjects pique your interest, please contact the managing editor, Deborah Rigling Gallagher at deb dot gallagher at duke dot edu for details. She has prepared a preliminary list of articles and will send topic suggestions in your area of interest. Please submit proposals (no longer than 200 words) to her. Provide a brief summary of your current affiliation, related work, articles, and contact information. Chapters will be due May 15, 2011.


text:
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search
Soviet Coal Through 1980.
Strishkov-VV; Markon-G; Murphy-ZE
Min Cong J 1974 Oct; 60(10):40-52
Soviet industrial expansion depends on coal as a source of power and raw materials for the metallurgical and chemical industries. A knowledge of the coal resources and the outlook for production of the U.S.S.R. Therefore is essential for a critical evaluation of soviet industrial potential. Although there is considerable literature on the soviet coal industry, no single source provides an authoritative study of how the industry functions and how well it performs its job. This article is based on a review of sources published by the U.S.S.R.
Issue of Publication
Min. Cong. J., V. 60, No. 10, October 1974, PP. 40-52


. If there are multiple audio, offer a list to the user and have them choose.
If that doesn't work…
 1. Look for a link element with a rel value of "enclosure".
 2. Look for a meta element property value of "og:audio".
 3. Look for audio elements and grab either the src attribute of the element itself, or the src attribute of any source elements within the audio element.
If that doesn't work…
 1. Try to find a link to an RSS feed (a link that looks like "rss" or "feed" or "atom").
 2. If there is a feed, parse that for enclosure elements and present that list to the user.
That covers 80-90% of use cases. There are still situations where the actual audio file for a podcast episode is heavily obfuscated—either with clickjacking JavaScript "download" links, or links that point to a redirection to the actual file.
If you have a podcast and you want your episodes to be sharable and huffduffable, you have a few options:
Have a link to the audio file for the episode somewhere on the page, something like:
download
That's the simplest option. If you're hosting with Soundcloud, this is pretty much impossible to accomplish: they deliberately obfuscate and time-limit the audio file, even if you want it to be downloadable (that "download" link literally only allows a user to download that file in that moment).
If you don't want a visible link on the page, you could use metadata in the head of your document. Either:
And if you want to encourage people to huffduff an episode of your podcast, you can also include a "huffduff it" link, like this:
huffduff it
You can also use?page=referer—that misspelling has become canonised thanks to HTTP.
There you go, my podcasting friends. However you decide to do it, I hope you'll make your episodes sharable.


text:
Building Intelligent Systems from the Beginning to the End
Dr. Jose Ramirez-Marquez receives NPS funding for research on availability of systems through the systems lifecycle
The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) has awarded Dr. Jose Ramirez-Marquez, Associate Professor, School of Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology, and the University of Oklahoma a one-year joint research grant for developing techniques and methods that will enhance critical intelligence in the designing of large-scale systems operation. In the last decade, NPS has funded research studies for over a million dollars at Stevens, in the complex systems engineering arena.
"I am deeply honored to receive this grant from NPS, said Dr. Ramirez-Marquez. The grant reinforces the Stevens culture of innovation through collaboration and validates the belief that great intelligence ensues when systemic minds come together. Our partnership with the Risk-Based Systems Analysis Laboratory at the University of Oklahoma is producing extensive research in the reliability analysis and optimization of complex systems, the computational analysis of resilience, and the development of evolutionary optimization algorithms."
In the current technological environment, the scale and complexity of systems is increasing dramatically. To reduce the risk of systems failure, repair and maintenance timelines, and to enhance the resilience and availability of the systems lifecycle, it is crucial to develop intelligent data metrics that will address system-level maintenance decisions, and sustain systems through their entire life span.
"Supporting systems across their lifecycle is a highly expensive proposition, and in recent years there has been a rising interest in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations of large-scale systems", Dr. Ramirez-Marquez mentioned. "Industries such as aerospace, civil infrastructure, and military have systems frameworks that are large and complex, and need to be reliable in times of criticality."
"The end goal is to create knowledge that will augment the understanding of the systems design and build efficiencies from the start to the end process", summed Dr. Ramirez-Marquez.


How To Humid Proof Your Hair
Humidity can impact your hair a lot by making it sticky and frizzy. Here are ways in which you can humid proof your hair.
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Humidity is one of those factors that can have a huge role to play in what we look like overall. Of course, we all know about the impact that humidity has on the skin, but it tends to have a major impact on hair as well. Here, we will share with you ways to humid proof your hair.
Humidity can make the skin turn oily, greasy and really disgusting. Moreover, it makes the makeup come off your face very easily, like it is melting, and nothing looks grosser than melting makeup. Think of the residue it may leave behind on your glasses or sunglasses. Makes you cringe? Us too.
But, this post is about how humidity affects your hair and how to change that. Humidity tends to make the hair turn frizzy and stand out, and just be really hard to maintain. It also makes hair really sticky. So, what to do to tame unmanageable frizzy hair?
Well, you need a lot of patience and a little bit of hard work, but it is all totally worth it. Here's how you can humid proof your hair.
1. Clear Shampoo: Use a clear, transparent shampoo. Clear shampoos clean out the gunk from the hair faster, leaving it clean and weightless. They are also gentler and do not contain as many chemicals as other shampoos. You can even go for baby shampoo if you like.
how to humid proof your hair
2. Skip Conditioner: Conditioner adds more moisture to your hair. Most people would tell you to condition your hair every time you shampoo, but it is okay to skip it at such instances.
how to humid proof your hair
3. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Instead of using a conditioner, you can mix three parts of water with one part of apple cider vinegar to use as a last rinse after washing your hair. This does what the conditioner does, without adding excessive moisture. This is an effective way how you can humid proof your hair.
how to humid proof your hair
4. Blow Dry: Blow dry your hair, as opposed to letting it air dry. Leaving your hair wet and moist for too long can actually promote the frizziness. Make sure you use a serum or heat-protecting spray before you blow dry.
how to humid proof your hair
5. Leave-In Conditioner: Use a leave-in conditioner. This is specifically good for people who have curly or wavy hair. It is better to use this, and not a serum, as a serum can weigh your hair down.
how to humid proof your hair
6. Straighten: You can use a straightening iron to even out any hair that may be sticking out of place. You don't need to straighten the entire length of the hair, you just need to manage the unruly bits.
how to humid proof your hair
7. Hairspray: Use hairspray to set fly-aways and baby hair. This is definitely one of the best tips to humid proof your hair.
how to humid proof your hair
Read more about: humidity, hair
Story first published: Monday, November 7, 2016, 10:12 [IST]
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text:
The timestamps in file names are used by the auditreduce command to locate records within a specific time range. These timestamps are important because there can be a month's accumulation or more of audit files online. To search all the files for records that were generated in the last 24 hours would be unacceptably expensive.
The start-time and end-time are timestamps with one-second resolution. They are specified in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The format is four digits for the year, followed by two digits for each month, day, hour, minute, and second, as follows:
The timestamps are in GMT to ensure that they sort in proper order, even across time zones. Because they are in GMT, the date and hour must be translated to the current time zone to be meaningful. Beware of this point whenever you manipulate these files with standard file commands rather than with the auditreduce command.


text: The Environmental Bureau of Investigation (EBI) is dedicated to the protection of public resources through the application and enforcement of environmental laws. A citizen-based investigative outfit, EBI investigates pollution sources and, when necessary, prosecutes those responsible. EBI's methods include investigation, prosecution, exposure and education. The goals of EBI are to investigate and prosecute environmental crime, assist individuals and groups in their fight against polluters, develop public education tools to empower citizens to stop pollution, and publish and publicize information on pollution sources and sites. To ensure scientifically and legally strong arguments, EBI researches its cases thoroughly and focuses on a few projects that directly relate to its objectives. EBI's success in these endeavours is determined by the environmental action and clean-up taken as a result of our involvement. It is hoped that as a result of EBI's activities, our environment and resources will be better protected.


text:
Apache HBase Write Path
Apache HBase is the Hadoop database, and is based on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). HBase makes it possible to randomly access and update data stored in HDFS, but files in HDFS can only be appended to and are immutable after they are created. So you may ask, how does HBase provide low-latency reads and writes? In this blog post, we explain this by describing the write path of HBase — how data is updated in HBase.
The write path is how an HBase completes put or delete operations. This path begins at a client, moves to a region server, and ends when data eventually is written to an HBase data file called an HFile. Included in the design of the write path are features that HBase uses to prevent data loss in the event of a region server failure. Therefore understanding the write path can provide insight into HBase's native data loss prevention mechanism.
Each HBase table is hosted and managed by sets of servers which fall into three categories:
- One active master server
- One or more backup master servers
- Many region servers
Region servers contribute to handling the HBase tables. Because HBase tables can be large, they are broken up into partitions called regions. Each region server handles one or more of these regions. Note that because region servers are the only servers that serve HBase table data, a master server crash cannot cause data loss.
HBase data is organized similarly to a sorted map, with the sorted key space partitioned into different shards or regions. An HBase client updates a table by invoking put or delete commands. When a client requests a change, that request is routed to a region server right away by default. However, programmatically, a client can cache the changes in the client side, and flush these changes to region servers in a batch, by turning the autoflush off. If autoflush is turned off, the changes are cached until flush-commits is invoked, or the buffer is full depending on the buffer size set programmatically or configured with parameter "hbase.client.write.buffer".
Since the row key is sorted, it is easy to determine which region server manages which key. A change request is for a specific row. Each row key belongs to a specific region which is served by a region server. So based on the put or delete's key, an HBase client can locate a proper region server. At first, it locates the address of the region server hosting the -ROOTregion from the ZooKeeper quorum. From the root region server, the client finds out the location of the region server hosting the -METAregion. From the meta region server, then we finally locate the actual region server which serves the requested region. This is a three-step process, so the region location is cached to avoid this expensive series of operations. If the cached location is invalid (for example, we get some unknown region exception), it's time to re-locate the region and update the cache.
After the request is received by the right region server, the change cannot be written to a HFile immediately because the data in a HFile must be sorted by the row key. This allows searching for random rows efficiently when reading the data. Data cannot be randomly inserted into the HFile. Instead, the change must be written to a new file. If each update were written to a file, many small files would be created. Such a solution would not be scalable nor efficient to merge or read at a later time. Therefore, changes are not immediately written to a new HFile.
Instead, each change is stored in a place in memory called the memstore, which cheaply and efficiently supports random writes. Data in the memstore is sorted in the same manner as data in a HFile. When the memstore accumulates enough data, the entire sorted set is written to a new HFile in HDFS. Completing one large write task is efficient and takes advantage to HDFS' strengths.
Although writing data to the memstore is efficient, it also introduces an element of risk: Information stored in memstore is stored in volatile memory, so if the system fails, all memstore information is lost. To help mitigate this risk, HBase saves updates in a write-ahead-log (WAL) before writing the information to memstore. In this way, if a region server fails, information that was stored in that server's memstore can be recovered from its WAL.
Note: By default, WAL is enabled, but the process of writing the WAL file to disk does consume some resources. WAL may be disabled, but this should only be done if the risk of data loss is not a concern. If you choose to disable WAL, consider implementing your own disaster recovery solution or be prepared for the possibility of data loss.
The data in a WAL file is organized differently from HFile. WAL files contain a list of edits, with one edit representing a single put or delete. The edit includes information about the change and the region to which the change applies. Edits are written chronologically, so, for persistence, additions are appended to the end of the WAL file that is stored on disk. Because WAL files are ordered chronologically, there is never a need to write to a random place within the file.
As WALs grow, they are eventually closed and a new, active WAL file is created to accept additional edits. This is called "rolling" the WAL file. Once a WAL file is rolled, no additional changes are made to the old file.
By default, WAL file is rolled when its size is about 95% of the HDFS block size. You can configure the multiplier using parameter: "hbase.regionserver.logroll.multiplier", and the block size using parameter: "hbase.regionserver.hlog.blocksize". WAL file is also rolled periodically based on configured interval "hbase.regionserver.logroll.period", an hour by default, even the WAL file size is smaller than the configured limit.
Constraining WAL file size facilitates efficient file replay if a recovery is required. This is especially important during replay of a region's WAL file because while a file is being replayed, the corresponding region is not available. The intent is to eventually write all changes from each WAL file to disk and persist that content in an HFile. After this is done, the WAL file can be archived and it is eventually deleted by the LogCleaner daemon thread. Note that WAL files serve as a protective measure. WAL files need only be replayed to recover updates that would otherwise be lost after a region server crash.
A region server serves many regions, but does not have a WAL file for each region. Instead, one active WAL file is shared among all regions served by the region server. Because WAL files are rolled periodically, one region server may have many WAL files. Note that there is only one active WAL per region server at a given time.
Assuming the default HBase root of "/hbase", all the WAL files for a region server instance are stored under the same root folder, which is as follows:
WAL log files are named as follows:
/hbase/.logs/, ,/%2C %2C.
Each edit in the WAL file has a unique sequence id. This id increases to preserve the order of edits. Whenever a log file is rolled, the next sequence id and the old file name are put in an in-memory map. This information is used to track the maximum sequence id of each WAL file so that we can easily figure out if a file can be archived at a later time when some memstore is flushed to disk.
Edits and their sequence ids are unique within a region. Any time an edit is added to the WAL log, the edit's sequence id is also recorded as the last sequence id written. When the memstore is flushed to disk, the last sequence id written for this region is cleared. If the last sequence id written to disk is the same as the maximum sequence id of a WAL file, it can be concluded that all edits in a WAL file for this region have been written to disk. If all edits for all regions in a WAL file have been written to disk, it is clear that no splitting or replaying will be required, and the WAL file can be archived.
WAL file rolling and memstore flush are two separate actions, and don't have to happen together. However, we don't want to keep too many WAL files per region server so as to avoid time-consuming recovery in case a region server failure. Therefore, when a WAL file is rolled, HBase checks if there are too many WAL files, and decide what regions should be flushed so that some WAL files can be archived.
In this post, we explain the HBase write path, which is how data in HBase is created and/or updated. Some important parts of it are:
- How a client locates a region server,
- Memstore which supports fast random writes,
- WAL files as the way to avoid data loss in case region server failures.
We will talk about HFile formats, WAL file splitting and so on in subsequent posts.


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A senior associate at RPC explains what trainees lawyers can expect in a firm's tax dispute team.
Tax law: area of practice
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers and aspiring lawyers should be aware of political interest in tax rates, says Michelle Sloane – a senior associate at RPC.
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly.
A firm's tax dispute team handles contentious tax matters in both civil and criminal cases. This covers both direct and indirect taxes. On the civil side, cases can be appeals to the specialist tax Tribunals and the higher courts arising from disputed HMRC decisions. Criminal cases involve handling criminal investigations by HMRC, such as dawn raids, arrests, production orders, interviews under caution and Crown Court trials. In this field, common clients include large corporations, retail and entertainment companies, high-net-worth individuals, accountants, football clubs and footballers.
An example of a typical case is a taxpayer participating in a tax avoidance scheme. HMRC will then open an enquiry into this scheme and, following a review, will assess the taxpayer for additional tax. In the vast majority of cases, the taxpayer will appeal against this decision. The First-tier Tribunal then hears the initial appeal. If the party who loses wishes to appeal the decision, the case would move to the Upper Tribunal, then to the Court of Appeal and finally the Supreme Court, who will hand down a final judgement. This appeal process can take a number of years.
What's working life like for tax lawyers?
Solicitors will typically work on up to 15 cases at any one time. A team for a case will usually include a partner, a senior associate, an associate and a trainee. On average, working hours are around 9.00 am to 7.00 pm, but this will depend on the amount of work that needs to be done for the client at any given time. Working through the night or over the weekend happens very rarely, and when this does occur it is due to an urgent matter, such as a dawn raid or an injunction against HMRC if they are considered to be abusing their power.
Tax disputes lawyers tend to be very mobile, attending court, visiting client offices and attending events with colleagues, clients and counsel. There are also opportunities to travel within the UK and Europe, depending on where a client is based and if a case involves cross-border tax disputes, including occasional helicopter and private jet journeys to attend dawn raids and client meetings.
One case can be very different from the next, so the caseload is really varied. Working in tax law also allows you to achieve great results for clients and help to enact the law. However, tax lawyers might have to witness the detrimental effects that an erroneous HMRC decision can have on a client's life – especially as clients under investigation may be convicted of a criminal offence.
What developments in tax law should aspiring lawyers be aware of?
The government has increased HMRC's prosecution targets and clamped down on tax avoidance, such as through investigations into offshore assets. This has resulted in a great increase in new instructions. Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly. Developments that aspiring lawyers should keep up to date with include changes in tax legislation, government tax policy and information notices published by HMRC.
What will a trainee lawyer in tax law be doing?
Trainees in a tax disputes team are given a lot of responsibility and work closely with a senior associate. As this area of law is always developing and changing, it provides a lot of variety for trainees – from the facts of the case to the daily tasks they are involved in. These tasks can include attending client meetings and conference calls, drafting correspondence, drafting lists of documents, taking instructions from clients and liaising with counsel; trainees really contribute to the firm's work.
What skills do tax lawyers need?
 - A commercially savvy, solution-focused, reactive and resilient character.
 - Teamworking and collaboration skills.
 - Strong drafting and organisational ability.
 - Attention to detail and the ability to think on your feet.
Types of law practised
 - Dispute resolution law.
MICHELLE SLOANE is a senior associate in the tax disputes group of RPC. She graduated with a degree in law from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand in 2003.
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How to uninstall Grammarly's desktop app
To uninstall Grammarly's desktop app from your computer, follow these steps:
 1. Click the Start button
 2. Go to Control Panel -> Programs and Features
 3. Right-click on Grammarly and select Uninstall
 1. Click on Finder
 2. Select Applications in the Finder sidebar
 3. Drag the Grammarly app from the Applications folder to the Trash (located at the end of the Dock)
Note: If you prefer to use Grammarly without installing an extension, you can take advantage of the Grammarly Editor
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text:
Principles of nursing practice
Eight principles that apply to all nursing staff and nursing students in any care setting
The principles describe what constitutes safe and effective nursing care, and cover the aspects of behaviour, attitude and approach that underpin good care.
Each of the principles was developed by the Royal College of Nursing in partnership with the Department of Health and the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Patients, the public and health care staff were also involved in developing them.
Learn more about how the principles are put into practice with this series of short films exploring each one.
How you can use the principles
As a nursing professional or nursing student you can use the principles to:
- understand what patients, colleagues, families and carers can expect from nursing
- help you reflect on your practice and develop as a professional
- generate discussions with your colleagues or if you are student with your mentor, tutor or fellow students on the aspects of behaviour, attitude and approach that underpin good nursing care
- identify where the principles are being practised within your organisation, and to identify instances where you think they are not being practised
- see how they relate to a trust's own set of nursing values.
- evaluate the care they have received by using them as a checklist.
Together, we can build a better future for nursing


Quick Answer: What Does Code Purple Mean In Hospital?
What is code gold in a hospital?
- Code GoldBomb Threat.
- Code Gray-Patient AMA..
What does code blue mean police?
What is a code 100?
A message announced over a hospital's public address system warning of. (1) A bomb threat. (2) A mass casualty, likely to exceed 20 people.
What does falling star mean in a hospital?
"We adopted a yellow falling star to symbolize patients who are considered "high risk" for falls. A poster with falling stars is placed at the head of the bed of these patients so that all members of the health-care team are aware of the risk.
What does code yellow mean in a hospital?
internal emergencyAlso found in: Idioms. A message announced over a hospital's public address system alerting the staff and the need to prepare for: (1) A pending emergency or external disaster—e.g., multitrauma, major effects of storm, etc. (2) An internal emergency.
What is code purple in a nursing home?
Code Pink / Code Purple– Missing Child. Code Pink denotes a missing child in health care facilities. However, Code Purple may be used in conjunction with Code Pink to provide additional direction and information regarding an abduction.
What does Code Pink mean in a hospital?
What does Code Green in hospital mean?
In 1997, KKH established a protocol named < Code Green > for extremely urgent Caesarean section ("crash" CS).
What does Code Purple in ER mean?
What is Code Bravo at hospital?
What is code zero in a hospital?
When a patients Code is absent or aborted, the patient left to die. … Code 0 is used for DNR, although you rarely hear it said – hospitals often use colors, numbers and codes of their own for different situations.
What is a Code 3 ambulance?
What do the codes mean in the hospital?
What is code orange in a hospital?
A Code Orange is used to respond safely and effectively to a disaster external to the hospital that is likely to increase the capacity and use of hospital resources. … Mass casualty incidents external to the hospital.
What is Code Purple in school?
Code Purple: Bomb/Chemical or Biological Threat.
What is a code white at a hospital?
What is a code purple at Walmart?
What is Code Purple in labor and delivery?
a. A Code Purple must be activated for any obstetrical emergency (e.g., obstetrical hemorrhage, emergency delivery section, Eclamptic seizure) to activate an emergency for additional personnel.


One timer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In this diagram, the blue team is executing a one-timer on a scoring play.
In ice hockey, a one timer is a shot that occurs when a player meets a teammate's pass with an immediate slapshot, without any attempt to control the puck on his stick. An effective one timer requires precise timing on the part of both players involved, especially the shooter. This play often results in a good chance at a goal. A wrist shot can also be done on a one-timer, though the puck is released far slower than a slapshot one-timer.
The effectiveness of the one timer comes from three things:
 1. The angle from goal between the pass and the shot
 2. The change of direction of the puck
 3. The speed of the puck after the shot
Greater angle, change of direction and/or speed increases the chances of the puck going into the net. Lesser angle, change of direction and/or speed decreases the chance of the puck going into the net.
Either way, the one-timer enjoys a greater success rate than a one-on-one shot between shooter and goalie.
The reason its called a one timer is because the player only has one time to connect.


Natural navigation in the UK
Navigate Without a Map
The abilities to find north, navigate short distances and tell the time of day without a map, compass or watch are key bushcraft skills. In this latest blog, we will look at we will introduce you to these skills and show you how you can get started in navigating without a map or compass.
As always, feel free to read the whole blog or skip to the section that interests you the most.
Why not join our Facebook group Wildway Bushcraft - Bushcraft tips and advice. Here you can ask questions about bushcraft and meet like-minded people.
Click here to join our Facebook group.
Navigate without a map: how to find north
Finding North without a map or compass
The ability to find north without a compass when out in the woods is a key bushcraft skill. In the following section, we're going to show you some different ways of finding north when you are out in the woods. First though, a word on the different kinds of north.
Grid north, magnetic north and true north
There are, essentially, three different types of north. Grid north is the direction of the grid lines on your map, magnetic north is the direction indicated by a magnetic compass while true north is north on a longitudinal line that converges on the North Pole. For more information about the differences between grid, magnetic and true north see the Ordnance Survey site here.
Why does this matter?
Over an extended distance, magnetic variation will start to matter, likewise, it's a good idea to factor it in when walking on a bearing in the Scottish mountains in a whiteout. However, when trying to navigate using natural features then it's almost impossible to be accurate enough that it will matter when you try to relate the bearing you've taken from natural features to the lines on the map.
Learn more about natural navigation by taking part in our weekend bushcraft course.
Click here for more information.
Finding north using the sun
Find north without a map or compass
Despite what you might read about finding north using an analogue watch, this method is, in reality, far from reliable. An easier way of finding north is by using a shadow stick. Place the stick in the ground and mark the tip where the shadow ends. Wait about 15 minutes or so then mark the new position of the shadow tip. Draw a line between the first marker and the second. Stand with your left foot on the first marker and your right on the second marker, you're now facing in a northerly direction.
Finding north using the stars
Keep in mind that this blog is written for those of us in the Northern Hemisphere, and the UK in particular. For those of you in the Southern Hemisphere finding north using the stars is a very different matter.
As you might remember from Scouts or the like, the key to finding direction by using the stars is by locating the North Star.
How to locate the North Star
In order to locate the North Star, you first need to find the constellation known as 'the plough', 'the saucepan' or, for the Americans, 'the big dipper'. What you're actually seeing is the seven brightest stars of the constellation Ursa Major, but it doesn't really matter what you call it as long as you can identify it.
Remember, the Plough rotates around the North Star so will sometimes look like it is upside down. However, this doesn't change how you can find the North Star.
The North Star, or Polaris, sits directly over the North Pole. In order to find it is to go straight up from the two stars that make the 'edge' of the 'saucepan bowl' for about five times the distance that these two stars are apart. This will lead you to a bright star on its own. This is Polaris or the North Star, and there you are, you've found North.
Navigating using the north star
Learn more about natural navigation, fire lighting, shelter building, water sourcing and other key bushcraft skills in our weekend bushcraft course.
Click here for more information.
Navigate without a map: calculating pace and distance
Use natural navigation to measure pace and distance
Calculating pace and therefore distance covered is key to successful navigation without a map or a compass. In our blog last week we looked at how to judge distances without a map, knowing the distance you are from an object you then need to be able to calculate how long it will take you to walk that distance. This is particularly important if the light is fading or weather conditions are worsening, you need to be able to judge if you will be able to reach your objective in time or if it is better to stay put and wait it out. Perhaps the best-known method for calculating distance is by using Naismith's rule.
Naismith's rule
Naismith's rule is a rule of thumb for judging pacing when out walking. It was originally devised by the Scottish mountaineer William W. Naismith in 1892. The basic principle of Naismith's rule is that each 5km takes one hour to walk, for every 600 metres ascended during that hour add an additional one hour. Another way of looking at it is an hour for every 5km with an additional minute for every 10 metres of ascent (this would be one contour line on a map but you will need to judge ascent yourself if you don't have a map).
Modifications to Naismith's rule
Weather, weight carried, terrain, conditions underfoot and fitness of your party can all impact on Naismith's rule. Generally speaking though when walking on rough or hard terrain alter the pace from 5km per hour to 4km per hour, a strong headwind will reduce this further to around 2km per hour. Walking with a heavy pack will also cut your speed on flat ground to around 50% of your unladen speed.
Telling the time of day
Natural navigation for telling the time
Now you can estimate the direction in which you are traveling, the distance (see our earlier blog), and how long it will take you, you need to know the time of day. Knowing the current time (without a watch or phone) and the time of sunset will let you work out whether you have time to make the distance of whether it will lead to you being benighted.
Estimating the remaining time before sundown
A handy little trick to estimate the amount of time you have left is to measure, in terms of horizontal fingers, the distance between the sun and the horizon. Extend your hand out in front of you so that your palm is facing across your body with your little finger horizontal to your feet. Remove or add fingers until your palm covers the gap between the horizon and the sun. Each finger represents about 15 minutes, so four fingers represent an hour.
Direction of the sun in the sky
The sun rises in the east (roughly) and settles in the west (again roughly), at midday the sun will be directly overhead. Therefore, knowing what time sunrise is and being able to see the current position of the sun in the sky will enable you to make a rough estimate of the current time of the day.
Coming up
Next week we will be looking at how to navigate accurately on the UK's rivers. In the meantime, why not join our Facebook group for bushcraft tips, advice, and discussion.
Learn more about natural navigation, foraging, water sourcing and other bushcraft skills in our weekend bushcraft course.
Click here for more information.
Read the UK weather
Natural Navigation in the UK
The natural world has been helping people find their way since the paleolithic era, and it's been helping animals to do the same for even longer. This is still the case, for those that know how to spot them, the natural world provides signs and markers that can help find water, food, and direction. This blog post introduces the concept of natural navigation and provides an overview which will help you get started.
As always, please feel to read the whole blog or click on the links below to skip to the section that interests you.
Join our Facebook group Wildway Bushcraft - Bushcraft tips and advice, where you can ask any questions that you might have about bushcraft and meet like-minded people.
Click here to join our Facebook group.
What is natural navigation
Natural navigation is something that, theoretically, all of us, can access. In his seminal book 'Finding your way without map or compass' the legendary Harold Gatty states;
"a man with a good sense of direction is, to me, quite simply an able pathfinder - a natural navigator - somebody who can find his way by the use of the five senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, the senses that he was born with) developed by the blessing of experience and the use of intelligence".
In short, someone who is merely skilled at noticing the signs around him and interpreting these signs.
Learn more about natural navigation, foraging, water sourcing and other bushcraft skills on our weekend bushcraft course.
Click here for more information.
Early examples of great uses of natural navigation
Natural navigation early examples
Humankind has always been developing methods of navigation. The compass can be dated back to around 206 BC, and issues determining longitude and latitude plagued early modern navigators well into the 17th and 18th centuries. Despite this, early humans traveled hundreds, if not thousands, of miles using only the natural signs around them to find their way out and of course, home.
Navigation in 3000-1000 BC
There is evidence to suggest that between the years 3000 and 1000 BC the people that


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uvc command
uvc - Interface to UVC cameras using libuvc
package require tcluvc
uvc option?arg...?
This command provides several operations to interface UVC USB cameras using the infrastructure provided by libuvc and libusb which is available on common Linux, FreeBSD, and MacOSX platforms and sometimes found working on Android devices. option indicates what to carry out. Any unique abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:
uvc close devid
Closes the device identified by devid which has been opened before using uvc open.
uvc convmode devid?flag?
Reports or modifies the conversion mode for frames acquired from the opened device identified by devid. Conversion mode 1 (on/true) performs frame format/color space conversions in the special UVC thread which controls the USB transfers, mode 0 (off/false) does this instead in the normal Tcl event loop. The default mode is 1.
uvc counters devid
Reports a three element list of statistic counters on the device identified by devid. The first element is the number of video frames received, the second the number of video frames processed with uvc image, and the third the number of video frames dropped.
uvc devices
Returns device information which can be used for uvc open as a list. Each device adds three elements to the list: the first element is the device name as a colon separated string with two or three fields being vendor ID (hexadecimal, 0x prefix is optional), product ID (hexadecimal, 0x prefix is optional), and bus/device numbers separated by a dot; the second and third list elements are the vendor name, and the product name. To open the device, its name (the colon separated string) must be used, the other two items are available for presentation purposes. If udev support is available (Linux specific), this list is refreshed on plug and unplug of devices. Otherwise, the list is a snapshot of suitable devices currently connected.
uvc format devid?index fps?
Returns or changes the frame format of the device identified by devid. The optional parameter index is an integer number giving the index of the frame format returned in uvc listformats. The optional parameter fps is the frame rate. If omitted, the currently active index and frame rate are returned. Changing the frame format and rate is only possible if the device is not capturing images.
uvc greyshift devid?shift?
Returns or sets the bit shift to be applied on grey images with a bit depth higher than 8 which are captured from device devid. The default value is 4, which is suitable for greyscale cameras with 12 bit resolution. The shift is not applied when the image subcommand retrieves raw byte array data.
uvc image devid?photoImage?
Copies the most recent captured image of the device devid into the photo image identified by photoImage and returns non-zero on success or zero if no data transfer has taken place. If photoImage is omitted, a four element list is returned with the first element being the image width, the second the image height, the third the number of bytes per pixel, and the last the image's RGB values with 3 bytes per pixel in red, green, blue order as a byte array. In this case an error is indicated by throwing an exception.
uvc info?devid?
Returns information on open devices. If devid is specified, a list of two elements is returned, the first being the device nameand the second the image callback command for that device, i.e. the same arguments which were used on uvc open. If devid is omitted, a list of devids, i.e. all currently opened devices is returned.
uvc listen?callback?
Retrieves or sets the callback command called on plug and unplug of devices. When a device is plugged or unplugged that callback is invoked with two additional arguments: the type of event (add or remove) and the device name (see uvc devices for the naming convention) which was added or removed. Only usable if udev support is available.
uvc listformats devid
Returns a dictionary keyed by a format index as integer with the values being another dictionary with information about the frame size and rate of the respective frame format. The returned indices can be used in in uvc format to switch to another frame size and/or to change the frame rate.
uvc mbcopy bytearray1 bytearray2 mask
Copies the content of RGB byte array bytearray2 into the byte array bytearray1 using an RGB mask. Both byte arrays must have identical length which must be a multiple of 3 (for RGB). The main purpose of this command is to combine images from two cameras into an anaglyph 3D, where (for a red-cyan anaglyph) the left camera image uses mask 0xFF0000 (red component) and the right camera image uses mask 0x00FFFF (green and blue components).
uvc mcopy photo1 photo2 mask
Copies the content of the photo image photo2 into the photo image photo1 using an ARGB mask. Both photo images must have identical width, height, and depth. The main purpose of this command is to combine images from two cameras into an anaglyph 3D, where (for a red-cyan anaglyph) the left camera image uses mask 0x00FF0000 (red component) and the right camera image uses mask 0x0000FFFF (green and blue components).
uvc mirror devid?x y?
Retrieves or sets flags to mirror captured images along the X or Y axis. Parameters x and y if specified must be boolean values.
uvc open devname callback
Opens the device with device name devname and establishes callback as command to be invoked on captured images and finally returns a devid, i.e. a handle to further deal with the device. An additional parameter is appended when callback is invoked: the devid of the device. For the format of devname see the description of uvc devices.
uvc orientation devid?degrees?
Retrieves or sets the orientation of captured images regarding image rotation. degrees if specified must be an integer number.
uvc parameters devid?key value...?
Returns or changes device parameters for the device identified by devid given as key-value pairs, e.g. brightness 100 will change the brightness setting of captured images to the device dependent value 100. The command returns the current device parameters (after the potential change, when keys and values were given) as a key-value list which can be processed with array set or dict get.
uvc record devid frame width height bpp bytearray
Transcodes the frame described by width, height, bpp, and bytearray to JPEG and writes the result to the recording file or stream. The recording must have been started with the -user option. An integer number is returned as result: 1 indicates successful write, 0 no write due to frame rate constraints, and -1 an error during the write.
uvc record devid pause
Pauses recording to a file or stream.
uvc record devid resume
Continues recording to a file or stream.
uvc record devid start options...
Starts recording to a file or stream. options control the data format, frames per second, and output channel. The option -fps specifies the approximate rate in frames per second as a floating point number. The option -chan specifies the channel to which the frames are written. This channel is detached from the Tcl interpreter and controlled solely by the uvc record command. The -boundary option specifies a MIME multipart boundary string and selects the MIME type multipart/x-mixed-replace suitable for streaming to a web browser. The content type delivered to the browser is image/jpeg. If the -boundary option is omitted, the output format is raw AVI and requires the channel to be seekable. The option -mjpeg forces the recorded data to JPEG format, i.e. a transcoding to JPEG will be performed in software, if the device doesn't already deliver a JPEG stream. The option -user turns off automatic frame write operations to the recording file or stream when a frame is delivered from the device. Instead, uvc record devid frame must be invoked in the callback function. The -user option implies -mjpeg.
uvc record devid state
Returns the current recording state as stop, recording, pause, or error. The state error indicates a write error on the file or stream. In this case no further frames will be written.
uvc record devid stop
Finishes recording to a file or stream and closes the underlying channel.
uvc start devid
Starts capturing images of the device identified by devid. When an image is ready, the callback command set on uvc open is invoked.
uvc state devid
Returns the image capture state of the device identified by devid. The result is the string capture if the device is started, stopped if the device is stopped, or error if an error has been detected while image capture was active.
uvc stop devid
Stop capturing images of the device identified by devid.
uvc tophoto width height bpp bytearray?rot mirrorx mirrory?
Makes the RGB (bpp is 3) or gray (bpp is 1) byte array bytearray of width times height pixels into a Tk photo image. Optionally, the data is rotated by rot degrees (possible values 0, 90, 180, 270) and/or mirrored along the X and/or Y axis as specified by the boolean values mirrorx and mirrory.
The uvc command tries to lazy load Tk, thus allowing to use it from


TUCKER, Ga. – Turkey hen body weight can be controlled without physical feed restriction, but not without effects on egg production and carcass composition, according to research sponsored by the US Poultry & Egg Association. Dr. Michael Lilburn of Ohio State Univ. led the project.
The study involved giving breeder hens free access to low nutrient-dense feed and water allowing the hens to regulate their dietary intake according to their biological needs. The hens were weighed at 24 weeks and placed in pens of heavy, medium and light weight body weight hens. The Heavy, Medium, and Light hens weighed 27.6, 26.3, and 24.3 lbs. at 30 weeks and 25.6, 24.6, and 23.0 lbs. at 42 weeks.
Researchers found the light hens had significantly better hen-day egg production than either the medium or heavy hens, while the heavier hens produced significantly heavier eggs.
Additionally, across all three body weight groups, there was a significant decline in body weight between 30 and 42 weeks of age.