Container scanning
Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can either cause an accidental system failure or be intentionally exploited.
Container Analysis provides automated and manual vulnerability scanning for containers in Artifact Registry and Container Registry.
On-Demand Scanning
On-demand scanning lets you scan container images locally on your computer or in your registry, using the gcloud tool. This gives you the flexibility to customize your CI/CD pipeline, depending on when you need to access the vulnerability results. See pricing to learn more about the costs associated with scanning container images.
Automated scanning
Container Analysis performs vulnerability scans on container images in Artifact Registry and Container Registry, it monitors the vulnerability information to keep it up to date. This process comprises two main tasks: scanning and continuous analysis.
Container Analysis scans new images when they're uploaded to Artifact Registry or Container Registry. This scan extracts information about the system packages in the container. The images are scanned only once, based on the image's digest. This means that adding or modifying tags won't trigger new scans, only changing the contents of the image will.
Container Analysis only detects packages publicly monitored for security vulnerabilities.
When the scan of an image is completed, the produced vulnerability result is the collection of vulnerability occurrences for that image.
Continuous analysis
Container Analysis creates occurrences for vulnerabilities found when you upload the image. After the initial scan, it continuously monitors the metadata for scanned images in Artifact Registry and Container Registry for new vulnerabilities.
As Container Analysis receives new and updated vulnerability information from vulnerability sources, it updates the metadata of the scanned images to keep it up-to-date, creating new vulnerability occurrences for new notes and deleting vulnerability occurrences that are no longer valid.
Manifest lists
You can also use vulnerability scanning with manifest lists. A manifest list is a list of pointers to manifests for several platforms. They allow a single image to work with multiple architectures or variations of an operating system.
Container Analysis vulnerability scanning only supports Linux amd64 images. If your manifest list points to more than one Linux amd64 image, only the first one will be scanned; if there are no pointers to Linux amd64 images, you won't get any scanning results.
Vulnerability sources
Container scanning supports package vulnerability scanning for Linux distributions and obtains CVE data from the following sources:
Supported versions
Container scanning supports vulnerability scanning for the following OS versions:
 - Debian GNU/Linux - Versions: 9, 10
 - Ubuntu - Versions: 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 14.04, 14.10, 15.04, 15.10, 16.04, 16.10, 17.04, 17.10, 18.04, 18.10, 20.04, 20.10
 - Alpine Linux - Versions: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13
 - CentOS - Versions: 6, 7, 8 and minor versions
 - Redhat - Versions: 6, 7, 8 and minor versions
Severity levels for vulnerabilities
Container scanning uses the following severity levels:
 - Critical
 - High
 - Medium
 - Low
 - Minimal
The severity levels are qualitative labels that reflect factors such as exploitability, scope, impact, and maturity of the vulnerability. For example, if a vulnerability enables a remote user to easily access a system and run arbitrary code without authentication or user interaction, that vulnerability would be classified as Critical.
Two types of severity are associated with each vulnerability:
 - Effective severity - The severity level assigned by the Linux distribution. If distribution-specific severity levels are unavailable, Container scanning uses the severity level assigned by the note provider.
 - CVSS score - The Common Vulnerability Scoring System score and associated severity level. Refer to the CVSS 2.0 documentation for details on how CVSS scores are calculated.
For a given vulnerability, the severity derived from a calculated CVSS score might not match the effective severity. Linux distributions that assign severity levels use their own criteria to assess the specific impacts of a vulnerability on their distributions.
Default Container Analysis service account
Container Analysis analyzes your container images using a service account, a special Google account that collects information about your images on your behalf. The email for the Container Analysis service account is service-[PROJECT_NUMBER] This account uses the Container Analysis Service Agent role.
If you enable vulnerability scanning, the Container Scanning API used by this feature also uses a special Google account. The email for that service account is service-[PROJECT_NUMBER] The account uses the Container Scanner Service Agent role.
You can view your project's service accounts via the IAM menu of the Cloud Console.
Container Analysis interfaces
In the Cloud Console, you can view image vulnerabilities and image metadata for containers in Artifact Registry.
You can use the gcloud tool to view vulnerabilities and image metadata.
You can also use the Container Analysis REST API to perform any of these actions. As with other Cloud Platform APIs, you must authenticate access using OAuth2. After you have authenticated, you can use the API to create new notes and occurrences, view vulnerability occurrences, etc.
The Container Analysis API supports both gRPC and REST/JSON. You can make calls to the API either using the client libraries or using cURL for REST/JSON.
Controlling deployment of vulnerable images
Based on the vulnerability information provided by Container Analysis, you can use Binary Authorization to create a vulnerability allowlist as part of you Cloud Build pipeline. If the vulnerabilities violate the policy in the allowlist, the build fails.
You can also integrate Container Analysis with Binary Authorization to create attestations, which can prevent container images with known security issues from running in your deployment environment.
What's next


text:
18th Century Desk Design (The Antiques Dictionary) Taken from Antiques directory By Judith & Martin Miller
A structural change occurred during the early 18th century in the design of bureau. It had been customary for the fall front to open to a concealed document compartment or well, which can be seen as a blank space on the front of the desk between the top edge of the fall (seen examples 1 &2). Sometimes decorated as a dummy drawer, this space was soon utilized as a fourth drawer at the expense of the wall.
Another change concerned the feet, which became either ogee brackets, of cabriole legs with claw and ball feet, or chunky square edged brackets, though by the end of the 18th century the splay French foot had gained considerable popularity (see example 3).
American desks of Queen Anne and Chippendale periods resemble very closely their English counterparts in design if not in materials though there is one important exception—the block front. This was from Dutch origin. See examples 4 &5
Example 1: William and Mary slant front 1710,
Example 2: A curly maple slant front 1720 Example
3: Federal mahogany veneer 1790
Example 4 Queen Anne inlaid walnut 1740 Example 5 Chippendale walnut slate front desk 1780

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A variance may be granted by the Board of Adjustment upon an affirmative finding that all of the following conditions exist:
1. The requested variance arises from conditions that are unique to the subject property, that are not ordinarily found in the same zoning district, and that are not a result of the owner's intentional action.
2. The granting of the permit for the variance will not adversely affect the rights of adjacent property owners or residents.
3. The strict application of the applicable standards will constitute an unnecessary physical hardship (not economic hardship) because the property cannot be used for an otherwise allowed use without coming into conflict with applicable site development standards.
4. The variance desired will not adversely affect the public health, safety or general welfare.
5. The variance is the minimum variance that will overcome the hardship.


text:
REP LIEU STATEMENT ON TRUMP PLAN TO REVOKE CALIFORNIA AUTHORITY TO SET CAR POLLUTION STANDARDS
WASHINGTON – Today, Congressman Ted W. Lieu (D-Los Angeles County) issued the following statement after it was announced that President Trump is expected to revoke California's authority to set stringent car pollution standards.
"As the President visits my district this week, he's working simultaneously to destroy a critical part of our state's efforts to combat climate change and protect public health. California's ability to set stringent car emissions standards has put our state at the forefront of developing fuel efficient cars and reducing car pollution. From fires to droughts to flooding, our state and the health of Californians are uniquely susceptible to the impacts of climate change, which is why it is critical that the state be able to set higher emissions standards than the Federal government.
"What has become clear is that Trump is harming California – a beacon of progress, innovation and prosperity – and is punishing our efforts to make the world a safe and livable place for future generations. This latest step in his efforts to target our state is reprehensible and legally dubious. Climate change is our greatest existential threat. We will fight to stop this Administration from wreaking havoc on our environment."


text:
Back in the old days of Python, to call a function with arbitrary arguments, you would use
apply still exists in Python2.7 though not in Python3, and is generally not used anymore. Nowadays,
is preferred. The
multiprocessing.Pool modules tries to provide a similar interface.
Pool.apply is like Python
apply, except that the function call is performed in a separate process.
Pool.apply blocks until the function is completed.
Pool.apply_async is also like Python's built-in
apply, except that the call returns immediately instead of waiting for the result. An
ApplyResult object is returned. You call its
get() method to retrieve the result of the function call. The
get() method blocks until the function is completed. Thus,
pool.apply(func, args, kwargs) is equivalent to
pool.apply_async(func, args, kwargs).get().
In contrast to
Pool.apply_async method also has a callback which, if supplied, is called when the function is complete. This can be used instead of calling
import multiprocessing as mp
result_list =
# This is called whenever foo_pool(i) returns a result.
# result_list is modified only by the main process, not the pool workers.
pool = mp.Pool()
for i in range(10):
pool.apply_async(foo_pool, args = (i, ), callback = log_result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
may yield a result such as
[1, 0, 4, 9, 25, 16, 49, 36, 81, 64]
pool.map, the order of the results may not correspond to the order in which the
pool.apply_async calls were made.
So, if you need to run a function in a separate process, but want the current process to block until that function returns, use
Pool.map blocks until the complete result is returned.
If you want the Pool of worker processes to perform many function calls asynchronously, use
Pool.apply_async. The order of the results is not guaranteed to be the same as the order of the calls to
Notice also that you could call a number of different functions with
Pool.apply_async (not all calls need to use the same function).
Pool.map applies the same function to many arguments.
Pool.apply_async, the results are returned in an order corresponding to the order of the arguments.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
'Cursing stone' discovered on Isle of Canna
London, May 20 (ANI): An ancient stone that was discovered by chance on the Isle of Canna is Scotland's first known example of a bullaun "cursing stone", according to experts.
Dating from about 800 AD, the stones are associated with early Christian crosses - of which there is one on the isle.
It was found in an old graveyard by a National Trust for Scotland (NTS) farm manager.
The stone about 25cm in diameter and engraved with an early Christian cross fits exactly into a large rectangular stone with a worn hole, which was located at the base of the Canna cross.
NTS manager of Canna, Stewart Connor, said the importance of the stone became clear after he was notified of the discovery.
"We knew of the importance of bullaun stones and that it could be a really significant find," the BBC quoted him as saying.
"Our head of archaeology confirmed a possible link to the stone at the cross and I was so excited that I went back out at 9pm that night to check whether it fitted the stone with the hole and it did," he said.
Katherine Forsyth, an expert in the history and culture of early Celtic-speaking peoples, based at the University of Glasgow, described it as an "amazing find".
"Stones like this are found in Ireland, where they are known as 'cursing stones', but this is the first to be discovered in Scotland," she said.
"They date from the early Christian period but have continued to be used by pilgrims up to modern times.
"Traditionally, the pilgrim would recite a prayer while turning the stone clockwise, wearing a depression or hole in the stone underneath," she said.
Dr Forsyth said bowl-shaped lower stones had been found elsewhere in Scotland, including on Canna, but this was the first discovery of a top stone.
"This exciting find provides important new insight into religious art and practice in early Scotland and demonstrates just how much there is still to be discovered out there," she added. (ANI)
Read More: National Book Trust | National Literacy Mission | University Grants Commission (UGC) | Ireland | National Physical Laboratory | Guru Nanak Dev University | L.s.farm | Chennai National Terminal | Christian College Tambaram | Calicut University | Kochi University | Union Christian College | Kolkata University | Kaziranga National Park | Betla National Park | Magadh University | Ranchi University | Bnmu University Madhepura | Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga | National Academy of Direct Taxes
BCCI suspends Gurunath Meiyappan from all cricketing activities
May 26, 2013 at 2:08 PM
Maoist attack: PM, Sonia reach Raipur to assess situation
May 26, 2013 at 2:04 PM
DHARMENDRA PROMOTES YAMLA PAGLA DEEWANA 2 IN ___BAANI___
May 26, 2013 at 1:06 PM


text:
Shaanxi Yunzhong Industry Development Co.,Ltd
Address: NO.128 Gaoxin Road, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province of China
High, good mechanical properties is another excellent feature of titanium alloy.
Titanium alloy can be divided into: corrosion-resistant titanium alloy, structural titanium alloy, heat-resistant titanium alloy gold, low-temperature titanium alloy according to the application.
The difference between titanium and stainless steel
1. Can be distinguished from the color. Titanium is a bit dark, revealing a cool color, and it feels cool. Titanium is darker than steel. Steel is white, pale. The two colors are quite visible.
2. It can also be distinguished by chemical means, that is, it is soaked in nitric acid. Titanium does not react, and a strong reaction occurs when the stainless steel is placed down. The distinction between pure titanium and titanium alloys is difficult to see from the outside.
3. Titanium can be marked with grayish black on the tile, but stainless steel can not be marked.
4. Titanium corrosion resistance: Titanium alloy profile below 550 °C is easy to form a dense oxide film, so it is not easily further oxidized, and has high oxygen, seawater, steam and some acid, alkali and soft media. Anti-loss.
5. Titanium heat strength is good: titanium alloy has a melting point of 1660 ° C, which is higher than iron, has higher heat strength, can be below 550 ° C, and at the same time, it shows good toughness at low temperature.
6. Titanium processing is difficult: welding, plating, and cold drawing are very difficult. Welding and plating must be carried out under vacuum or under an inert gas (vacuum ion plating)
we long term process titanium& Ti alloy products to over 55 countries throughout the world, mail inquiry welcome


text:
Meyer, Carl L Bloomer, Harry E
November 23, 1948
An investigation has been conducted in the NACA Cleveland altitude wind tunnel to evaluate the performance and windmilling drag characteristics of an original and a modified turbojet engine of the same type. Data have been obtained at simulated altitudes from 5000 to 45,000 feet, simulated flight Mach numbers from 0.09 to 1.08, and engine speeds from 4000 to 12,500 rpm. Engine performance data are presented for both engines to show the effects of altitude at a flight Mach number of 0.25 and of flight Mach number at an altitude of 25,000 feet. Performance of the original and modified engines is compared for a range of simulated flight conditions. The performance data are generalized to show the applicability of methods used to estimate performance at any altitude from data obtained at a given altitude. Engine-windmilling-speed and windmilling-drag data are presented for a range of simulated flight conditions.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:


text:
The computer is the brain of your mixing plant. It runs 24/7 and helps your plant operate safely and smoothly.
Ammann selects computer hardware components that can withstand the industrial environment. But even those components need maintenance.
Here are a few maintenance tips to ensure your computer runs properly.
- Regularly clean or change the computer filter.
- Pay attention to the fan. Is it running properly? You can tell a lot by simply paying attention and listening. Also make sure that airflow is not blocked.
- Ensure the temperature in the control cabin is not too hot. If an air conditioner is not functioning properly, have it repaired.
- Do not ignore system messages or signals that might indicate a problem. If you're unsure of the message's meaning, contact your IT department or the Ammann hotline.
Remember, a computer needs proper care, just like the rest of your plant's components.


text:
When officials of the newly established Diocese of New York decided to build the city's first cathedral in 1809, they selected a site at Mott and Prince Streets that was within the burying ground of St. Peter's Church. St. Peter's, the city's first Catholic church, created the cemetery at the beginning of the 19th century when the graveyard around their church on Barclay Street became full. In 1801, they purchased several lots on the northwest corner of Prince and Mott streets, in the area that is now known as NoLita; an 1803 purchase of additional lots on the northeast corner of Prince and Mulberry streets enlarged the new burial ground. When a portion of the cemetery was chosen as the cathedral site, provisions were made for the relocation of any graves within the building site to other areas of the cemetery. Construction on St. Patrick's Cathedral began in 1809 and was completed in 1815. Between 1811 and 1824, the church's property was expanded further by the acquisition of adjacent lots, and the cemetery grew to its present dimensions, flanking the church on its north and south sides. Additionally, a network of family crypts was built beneath the church. In ca. 1830, a 10-foot-tall brick wall was constructed around the boundary of the property to protect the church and cemetery from anti-Catholic violence that was prevalent during that period.
Over 32,000 burials were recorded in St. Patrick's Cemetery between the time that interments began to be registered in 1813 until the Catholic Cemetery on 11th Street opened in 1833. The 11th Street cemetery replaced St. Patrick's Cemetery as the main burial ground for the city's Catholic community, but occasional interments continued in the graveyard and crypts at St. Patrick's into the early 20th century.
St. Patrick's Old Cathedral became a parish church when the new St. Patrick's Cathedral in midtown Manhattan was completed in 1879. The Old Cathedral was recently designated a basilica due to its historical and spiritual significance. Its cemetery and vaults hold the remains of many of the city's early Catholics, including those transferred from the graveyard at St. Peter's Church on Barclay Street in 1836. Most of those buried at Old St. Patrick's are Irish, including several members of the 69th New York regiment, part of the "Irish Brigade" that fought in the Civil War. The cemetery is also the original burial site of Pierre Toussaint, a former Haitian slave who is a candidate for sainthood in the Catholic Church; his remains were moved to a crypt at the new St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1990.
Sources: Colton's 1836 Map Of The City and County Of New-York; "The Catholic Cemeteries of New York," Historical Records and Studies 1, 371-373; History of St. Patrick's Cathedral; "Centennial at Old St. Patrick's," New York Times, May 19, 1909; "Politely, A Cathedral Battles to Keep Modern Scrawling Off a Wall's Historic Bricks," New York Times, July 6, 2003; "Cathedral With a Past; Basilica With a Future," New York Times, Dec. 5, 2010.


text:
Ok, you probably won't hear that one around the lab (taste-testing the nano-gold is a strict no-no), but researchers have discovered a way to replace the toxic chemicals typically used to make gold nanoparticles with cinnamon.
"The procedure we have developed is non-toxic," Kannan said. "No chemicals are used in the generation of gold nanoparticles, except gold salts. It is a true 'green' process."
The cinnamon takes the place of the toxic agents that remove the gold particles from gold salts, explains Popular Science:
There are several ways to produce gold particles, but most involve dissolving chloroauric acid, also called gold salts, in liquid and adding chemicals to precipitate gold atoms. Common mixtures include sodium citrates, sodium borohydride (also used to bleach wood pulp) and ammonium compounds.


text:
Japanese units of measurement
The system is Chinese in origin. The units originated in the Shang Dynasty in the 13th century BC, and eventually stabilized in the Zhou Dynasty in the 10th century BC and spread from there to Japan, South East Asia, and Korea. The units of the Tang Dynasty were officially adopted in Japan in 701, and the current shaku measurement has hardly altered since then. Many Taiwanese units of measurement are derived from the shakkanhō system.
From 1924, the shakkanhō system was replaced by the metric system, and use of the old units for official purposes was forbidden after 31 March 1966. However, in several instances the old system is still used. In carpentry and agriculture use of the old-fashioned terms is common. Tools such as Japanese chisels, spatels, saws, hammers are manufactured in sizes of sun and bu. Land is sold on the basis of price in tsubo. Until the 2005 Japanese census, people were able to give the area of their houses in either square metres or tsubo. The tsubo was not used in the 2010 census.
There are several different versions of the shakkanhō. The tables below show the one in common use in the Edo period. In 1891 the most common units were given definitions in terms of the metric system:
|Note: Definitions are exact and conversions are rounded to four significant figures.|
The basis of the shakkanhō length measurements is the shaku, which originated in ancient China. The other units are all fixed fractions or multiples of this basic unit. The shaku was originally the length from the thumb to the middle finger (about 18 cm or 7.1 in), but its length, and hence the length of the other units, gradually increased, since the length of the unit was related to the level of taxation.
Various shaku developed for various purposes. The unit of all measurement, such as area, is shaku. To distinguish from other shaku, this unit is called the kanejaku (曲尺). Kanejaku means "carpenter's square", and this shaku was used by Japanese carpenters. The carpenter's shaku, used for construction, preserved the original Chinese shaku measurement, because it was never altered, whereas the other shaku systems, which were used for taxation or trade, were altered to increase taxation, and, hence, gradually deviated from the original value.
The kujirajaku (鯨尺), literally "whale shaku", was a standard used in the clothing industry. The name, "whale shaku", comes from the rulers, which were made from baleen. A kujirajaku is 25% longer than kanejaku.
As well as the kanejaku and kujirajaku systems, other shaku systems also existed. One example is the gofukujaku (呉服尺), which refers to traditional Japanese clothing, such as kimonos. In the gofukujaku system, one shaku equals 1.2 times the kanejaku.
Shaku units are still used for construction materials in Japan. For example, plywood is usually manufactured in 182 cm × 91 cm (about 72 in × 36 in) sheets known in the trade as saburokuhan (3 × 6版), or 3 × 6 shaku. Each sheet is about the size of one tatami mat. The thicknesses of the sheets, however, are usually measured in millimetres.
The names of these units also live in the name of the bamboo flute shakuhachi (尺八), literally "shaku eight", which measures one shaku and eight sun, and the Japanese version of the Tom Thumb story, Issun Bōshi (一寸法師), literally "one sun boy", as well as in many Japanese proverbs.
Note: There is an older type of 'ri', about 600 m. This can be seen in use, for example, in beach names. Kujukuri Beach is 99 ri (kyu ju ku), about 60 km. Shichiri Beach is 7 ri (shichi) 4.2 km. While this use is evidence of the existence of the 'old' ri, information about it in English is hard to come by.
The tsubo, which is essentially the area of two standard sized tatami mats (tatami have an aspect ratio of 2:1, so two side by side form a square), is still commonly used in discussing land pricing in Japan. Note that actual tatami vary in size regionally, though legally the area of a tsubo is standardized. The larger units are also commonly used by Japanese farmers for discussing the sizes of fields.
These units are still used, for example, in sake production.
|Unit||shō||Metric||US liquid measure||Imperial|
|Romanized||Kanji||millilitres||litres||fluid ounces||pints||gallons||fluid ounces||pint||gallons|
The Japanese unit of mass, momme, is a recognized unit in the international pearl industry.
|kan or kanme||貫, 貫目||1000||3.75×106||3750||3.75||2116||132.3||8.267|
The names of old money live on in Japanese proverbs such as haya oki wa san mon no toku, literally "Waking early gets you three mon", comparable to the English language proverb, "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."
|1 hiki||疋||10 mon|
|1 kanmon||貫文||100 hiki|
Apart from shakkanhō and the metric system, other units are also commonly used in Japan. For example, the inch is used in the following:
- The tyre sizes of bicycles, which are based on a British system
- In the computer industry, for the sizes of parts, connectors, and semiconductor wafers.
- Together with feet, for the width and length of magnetic tape.
- The sizes of television and monitor/phone screens. However, the character 型 ("-gata") is substituted for インチ ("inch") on televisions. Thus, a television with a 17-inch diagonal measure is described as 17型. If the television screen is a 16:9 ratio, the letter "V" (for "vista") prefixes the character 型 ("-gata"). For example. 32V型 means 32-inch widescreen.
- The sizes of photographic prints, though rounded to the nearest millimetre.
- History of measurement
- Japanese clock
- Japanese counter word
- Japanese numerals
- Units of measurement
- "改正度量衡法規". National Diet Library. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- "メートル条約". International Metrology Cooperation Office. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- Ministry of Railway (鉄道省 Tetsudō-shō) ([大正10]). Nippon (or Nihon) Tetsudō-shi 日本鉄道史 [Japan Railway History] (in Japanese). 1 of 3 (上巻 Jōkan). [Tokyo] : [Ministry of Railway]. p. 49. Check date values in:
|date=(help) "In the 10th month of Meiji 3, probably November 1871, we defined 1 English foot of railway as 1 shaku 4 rin (1.004 shaku) of ours."
- "Chōbu" is used when no fraction follows
- Japanese Carpentry Museum
- Japanese units (Japanese)
- Convert traditional Japanese units to metric and imperial units (lengths, areas, volumes, weights) (sci.lang.Japan FAQ pages)
- Simple Japanese Traditional Area Units Converter
- Simple Japanese Distance and Length Units Converter


text:
Low Fertility, Socioeconomic Development, and Gender Equity
While new empirical findings and theoretical frameworks provide insight into the interrelations between socioeconomic development, gender equity, and low fertility, puzzling exceptions and outliers in these findings call for a more all‐encompassing framework to understand the interplay between these processes. We argue that the pace and onset of development are two important factors to be considered when analyzing gender equity and fertility. Within the developed world, "first‐wave developers"—or countries that began socioeconomic development in the nineteenth/early twentieth century—currently have much higher fertility levels than "late developers." We lay out a novel theoretical approach to explain why this is the case and provide empirical evidence to support our argument. Our approach not only explains historical periods of low fertility but also sheds light on why there exists such large variance in fertility rates among today's developed countries.
No Supplementary Data
No Article Media
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: September 1, 2015


text:
Welcome to Blackbeard Island NWR
Blackbeard Island was acquired by the Navy Department at public auction in 1800 as a source of live oak timber for ship building. In 1924 the island was placed under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Biological Survey to be maintained as a preserve and breeding ground for native wildlife and migratory birds. A presidential proclamation in 1940 changed its designation from Blackbeard Island Reservation to Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge. In 1975, three thousand acres of the refuge were set aside as National Wilderness. Blackbeard Island was named for Edward Teach, alias Blackbeard the Pirate. Rumors of Blackbeard's buried treasure still flourish, but no evidence of his fortune has ever been discovered.
The island is comprised of interconnecting linear dunes thickly covered by oak/palmetto vegetation. There are approximately 1,163 acres of open freshwater or freshwater marsh, 2,000 acres of regularly flooded salt marsh, 2,115 acres of maritime forest, and 340 acres of sandy beach.
The primary objectives of the refuge are to provide wintering habitat and protection for migratory birds; provide protection and habitat to promote resident and migratory wildlife diversity; and to provide protection and management for endangered and threatened species (loggerhead sea turtle, wood stork, piping plover). Notable concentrations of waterfowl, wading birds, shorebirds, songbirds, raptors, deer, and alligators can be seen at various times of the year.
Getting There...
Blackbeard island is accessible only by boat, and transportation to the island is not provided by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Visitors are welcome to bring their own private watercraft, or arrangements for trips to the refuge can be made through local boat captains and marinas, as well as authorized tour guides. A public boat ramp on Harris Neck NWR (Barbour River Landing) may be used as a launching site for trips to the island.
Your innkeepers can put you in touch with local charter captains who provide transport to Blackbeard Island


text: Sand is primarily deposited on Carlsbad beaches from three rivers: the Santa Margarita, the San Luis Rey, and the San Dieguito. When it rains, the sand moves westward from the river mouths to the ocean. Sand also moves north to south and south to north with the changing direction of the wave-caused currents. During winter, northern storms transport the sand southward. During summer, southern storms move sand north. In addition, wave-caused currents and tides continuously move sand from shallow water to the shoreline and vice-versa. Manmade structures, such as harbors and jetties, also affect the movement of sand. And as the sea has slowly risen over thousands of years, the beach has inevitably narrowed.


text:
Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction
This book examines the political and moral challenges that face the vast majority of human beings who consider themselves to be members of various nations. It explores nationality through the difficulties and conflicts that have arisen throughout history, and discusses nations and nationalism from social, philosophical, and anthropological perspectives. In this fascinating Very Short Introduction, Steven Grosby looks at the nation in history, the territorial element in nationality, and the complex ways nationality has co-existed with religion, and shows how closely linked the concept of nationalism is with being human. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
What people are saying - Write a review
Review: Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)User Review - Kathleen O'Neal - Goodreads
This book definitely deepened by understanding of and interest in the topic. Definitely recommended. Read full review
Review: Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)User Review - Evelyn - Goodreads
Although it's meant to be written as an introduction to Nationalism, I'd only recommend it as such if you've done some prior background reading to the subject beforehand. I found it very useful using... Read full review


Important: Please read the Qt Code of Conduct -
Reducing size of captured images.
 - hi,
 I am capturing the image of a webpage using the code
 @ QImage image(frame->contentsSize(), QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
 QPainter painter(&image);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::TextAntialiasing, true);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, true);
 But sometimes the size of the image captured greater than 1MB.I am transfering these captured images to a remote client.How can i reduce the size of the captured images.
 - Well, the size depends on the resolution of the picture and on the chosen format. If you want to minimise the picture size, you'd better use jpeg format. Reducing the pixel format may also help if you don't need a 32 bits depth, for instance 24-bits colour depth seems fairly decent to me.
 - Is there any other method to reduce the size.I tried both saving the file in jpeg and QImageFormat to 24 bits per depth but both does not significantly reduce the size.Is ther any method to reduce the resolution of the captured image?
 - Sure, you can use the QImage::scaled method to reduce the resolution once the capture has been made.
 - You could compress the contents of the image yourself, send the compressed data stream and re-build the Image on the client side.
 You could make a QPixmap out of it, save it to a temporary file of a compressed type, and transfer that file.
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The Canterbury Tales: The Knight's Tale
The Canterbury Tales: The Knight's Tale
by Geoffrey Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales: The Knight's Tale Theme of Death
In "The Knight's Tale," death is closely connected to love on multiple levels. Like love, says Theseus, death is the great equalizer. It's an experience that every human – whether rich or poor, fat or thin, smart or silly – will someday endure. Like love, death makes the characters feel powerless over their fates. Like other stories that fall into the genre of courtly love, "The Knight's Tale" is in the habit of talking about love in terms of death. Yes, Palamon and Arcite seem like drama queens when they complain that their love of Emily "slays" them, that they will "die" if separated from her. But the placement of this metaphor next to very literal (and sometimes gory) deaths brings out the similarities between these two kinds of death in an original way.
Questions About Death
 1. How do Palamon and Arcite connect their love for Emily to death and dying?
 2. In what ways does "The Knight's Tale" portray love and death as similar? Look particularly at Theseus's speeches.
 3. What does Egeus, Theseus's father, have to say about death?
 4. What does Theseus say is the proper response to death? Why? Do you agree with him?
Chew on This
"The Knight's Tale" portrays love and death as similar in the way in which they happen to everyone, and in which we have no control over when and where they strike us.
Theseus's speech about the proper response to death reveals a worldview that values reputation and honor over life itself.
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USGS - science for a changing world
South Atlantic Water Science Center - Georgia
 home information/data projects publications GWIN RiverCam drought flood about contact
Picture of flooding on Northside Drive at Peachtree Creek, Atlanta.
Peachtree Creek home page. Peachtree Creek home
USGS Water Science Centers are located in each state.
High-water marks and stream stage
Peachtree Creek WaterWatch
Stream stage at Peachtree Creek
High-tech instrumentation is not the only tool used to analyze flood-flow information. Something a simple as a "seed line" can help determine how high the water was (and the subsequent stream stage) during a flood at Peachtree Creek. Instruments that read stream stage can indicate how high the stream stage was during a storm, but cannot show how high water got in the surrounding land and how much land will flood when Peachtree Creek overflows its banks (unless detailed surveys are conducted). One way to determine this is to use high-water marks that occur during floods. If hydrologists can find a high-water mark on a tree or mailbox after a storm, then that information combined with the stream-stage data (from stream-stage records) can be used to estimate how much flooding will occur at different stream stages.
Take our quiz:
Find the high-water marks.
Pictures, from a distance, of plants next to Peachtree Creek - user is supposed to locate visible high water marks on the plants.
Here are a couple of pictures of Peachtree Creek at the Northside Drive bridge (notice the pipes in the background of the top picture). Both pictures were taken on the river bank next to Peachtree Creek a few days after high water occurred during a storm.
Did you find them?
Pictures of a line of dried mud on a plant, indicating high water points. Also picture of leaves stuck in a plant hanging over a stream, indicating where high water hit, but would not be a good indicator of high water.
Page Contact Information:


text:
Mount Fear by Abigail Reynolds takes the crime incident statistics for London and represents them as a 3D physical map built up from layer upon layer of cardboard.
Abigail Reynolds describes the project as follows:
The terrain of Mount Fear is generated by data sets relating to the frequency and position of urban crimes.
Each individual incident adds to the height of the model, forming a mountainous terrain. The imaginative fantasy space seemingly proposed by the sculpture is subverted by the hard facts and logic of the criteria that shape it.
The tensions present within Bradford offer a similar theme of inquiry – extracting data via desktop research could prove useful but overlaying this with 'on the ground' collected data would provide added richness.


text:
Originally published in 1987 Barnaby Rudge is a comprehensive collection of bibliographical resources surrounding Dickens fifth novel Barnaby Rudge. The book addresses what the author terms, a 'prevalent lack of research' surrounding the novel. The collection lists bibliographic references which not only looks at the novel itself, but also covers older resources that interested Dicken's first critics, such as the originality of the settings and characters. The book's core focus is examining the novel's historical subject matter in the context of the social and political context in which it was written. The book acts as a core resource for research on Barnaby Rudge.
Historical Chronology, _PHONE_
Chronology of Charles Dicken's Work
Part I: Barnaby Rudge: The Text
1. Composition and Publication of Barnaby Rudge
1.1. Contracts, Manuscripts and Proofs for Barnaby Rudge
1.2. Commentary on the Contracts for Barnaby Rudge
1.3. History of Barnaby Rudge's Composition and Publication
1.4. Major Editions of Barnaby Rudge Published During Dicken's Lifetime
1.5. Significant Editions of Barnaby Rudge Published Since 1870
2. Adaptations and Derivatives of Barnaby Rudge
2.1. Adaptations of Barnaby Rudge for the Stage, Screen, Radio, and Television
2.2. Music and Poetry Related to Barnaby Rudge
2.3. Abridgements, Retellings, and Parodies of Barnaby Rudge
2.4 Commentaries on the Adaptations and Derivatives of Barnaby Rudge
Part II: Barnaby Rudge: The Context
4. Related Works
4.1. Dicken's Known and Possible Sources for Barnaby Rudge
4.2. Works by Other Authors, Related to Barnaby Rudge
5. Historical Materials
5.1. Dicken's Known and Possible Sources for Barnaby Rudge
5.2. Commentaries on Dicken's use of His Historical Sources
5.3. Studies of the Gordon Riots and Their Era, Published Since 1841
5.4. Commentaries on Dicken's Attitude Toward History
5.5. Commentaries on Dicken's Attitude Toward History
6. Topical Materials
6.1. Studies of English, Politics and Society of the Chartist Era 1832-48
6.2. Theoretical and Critical Studies of the Political/Social Novel
6.3. Commentaries on Dicken's Political and Social View
Part III: Barnaby Rudge: Studies
8. Critical Studies of Barnaby Rudge
9. Annotations, Dictionaries and Guides for Barnaby Rudge
Are there elusive titles that you need and have been trying to source for years but thought that you would never be able to find?
Well this may be the end of your quest – here is a fantastic opportunity for you to discover past brilliance and purchase previously out of print and unavailable titles by some of the world's most eminent academic scholars.
Drawing from over 100 years of innovative, cutting-edge publishing, Routledge Revivals is an exciting programme whereby key titles from the distinguished and extensive backlist of the many acclaimed imprints associated with Routledge will be re-issued.
The programme draws upon the illustrious backlists of Kegan Paul, Trench & Trubner, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Methuen, Allen & Unwin and Routledge itself.
Routledge Revivals spans the whole of the Humanities and Social Sciences, and includes works by some of the world's greatest thinkers including Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Simone Weil, Martin Buber, Karl Jaspers and Max Beloff.
If you are interested in Revivals in the Behavioral Sciences, please visit _URL_


Tuesday, 7 April 2020
Authentication from a Xamarin.Forms app using WebAuthenticator
The OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps spec represents the best practices for OAuth 2.0 authentication flows from mobile apps. These include:
 - Authentication requests should only be made through external user agents, such as the browser. This results in better security, and enables use of the user's current authentication state, making single sign-on possible. Conversely, this means that authentication requests should never be made through a WebView. WebView controls are unsafe for third parties, as they leave the authorization grant and user's credentials vulnerable to recording or malicious use. In addition, WebView controls don't share authentication state, meaning single sign-on isn't possible.
 - Native apps must request user authorization by creating a URI with the appropriate grant types. The app then redirects the user to this request URI. A redirect URI that the native app can receive and parse must also be supplied.
 - Native apps must use the Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE) protocol, to defend against apps on the same device potentially intercepting the authorization code.
 - Native apps should use the authorization code grant flow with PKCE. Conversely, native apps shouldn't use the implicit grant flow.
 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks should be migitated by using the state parameter to link requests and responses.
Ultimately, the OAuth 2.0 authentication flow for native apps becomes:
 1. The native app opens a browser tab with the authorisation request.
 2. The authorisation endpoint receives the authorisation request, authenticates the user, and obtains authorisation.
 3. The authorisation server issues an authoration code to the redirect URI.
 4. The native app receives the authorisation code from the redirect URI.
 5. The native app presents the authorisation code at the token endpoint.
 6. The token endpoint validates the authorization code and issues the requested tokens.
I'd previously written a Xamarin.Forms sample to do this without any additional libraries, and one with the IdentityModel.OidcClient2 library, which is OpenID certified. Both samples consume endpoints on a publically available IdentityServer site, and use platform code to invoke native browsers.
Enter Xamarin.Essentials
Xamarin.Essentials recently introduced a WebAuthenticator class, which is a web navigation API that can be used for authentication with web services. The class contains a single method, AuthenticateAsync, which starts an authentication flow by navigating to a specified URI, and then waits for a callback/redirect to the redirect URI scheme. The whole point of the class is that it avoids having to write platform code to invoke native browsers. For more information, see the WebAuthenticator doc.
I decided to test drive WebAuthenticator by using it to initate an authentication flow with IdentityServer. However, an authentication flow from a mobile app should include a web backend between the mobile app and the authentication provider. This is to avoid including client secrets in your mobile app, which is considered to be insecure. However, I've avoided a web backend as middleware here, as I just want to see what's involved in authenticating with IdentityServer using the WebAuthenticator class.
However, before you can use WebAuthenticator to authenticate with IdentityServer, you first have to perform some platform specific setup.
Platform setup
On Android, you require an IntentFilter to handle your redirect URI. This can be accomplished by subclassing the Xamarin.Essentials WebAuthenticatorCallbackActivity class:
[Activity(NoHistory = true, LaunchMode = LaunchMode.SingleTop)]
[IntentFilter(new[] { Intent.ActionView},
 Categories = new[] { Intent.CategoryDefault, Intent.CategoryBrowsable},
 DataScheme = "io.identitymodel.native",
 DataHost = "callback")]
public class WebAuthenticationCallbackActivity : WebAuthenticatorCallbackActivity
You'll also need to overide the OnResume method in your MainActivity class, to call back into Xamarin.Essentials:
protected override void OnResume()
On iOS, you'll need to add your app's redirect URI to your Info.plist file:
You'll also need to overide the OpenUrl method in your AppDelegate class, to call back into Xamarin.Essentials:
 if (Xamarin.Essentials.Platform.OpenUrl(app, url, options))
 return true;
 return base.OpenUrl(app, url, options);
On UWP, you need to declare your redirect URI in your Package.appxmanifest file:

Start an authentication flow with WebAuthenticator
An authentication flow with IdentityServer can be started by creating the start URI, and passing it to the AuthenticateAsync method along with the redirect URI:
string url = identityService.CreateAuthorizationRequest();
var authResult = await WebAuthenticator.AuthenticateAsync(new Uri(url), new Uri(Constants.RedirectUri));
If you aren't familiar with the process of building an authorization request to IdentityServer, I recommend you look at the IdentityService class in the sample. It involves creating a long query string that contains data that indicates to IdentityServer what kind of authentication flow to kick off.
The AuthenticateAsync method returns a WebAuthenticatorResult object, which contains a number of properties, such as AccessToken, and RefreshToken. More importantly, it has a Properties dictionary that contains all of the query string or URI fragment properties, that can then be accessed by their key. Therefore, the Properties dictionary can be parsed to build the raw response sent by IdentityServer:
string raw = ParseAuthenticatorResult(authResult);
authorizeResponse = new AuthorizeResponse(raw);
string ParseAuthenticatorResult(WebAuthenticatorResult result)
 string code = result?.Properties["code"];
 string idToken = result?.IdToken;
 string scope = result?.Properties["scope"];
 string state = result?.Properties["state"];
 string sessionState = result?.Properties["session_state"];
 return $"{Constants.RedirectUri}_TAG_={code}&id_token={idToken}&scope={scope}&state={state}&session_state={sessionState}";
The result of a successful authentication flow is that the AuthorizeResponse object contains an authorization code, that can then be exchanged for the requested tokens:
UserToken userToken = await identityService.GetTokenAsync(authorizeResponse.Code);
If the UserToken object contains an access token, it can be used when making API calls to IdentityServer:
var content = await identityService.GetAsync($"{Constants.ApiUri}test", userToken.AccessToken);
Wrapping up
Although there's a lot going on here, in terms of generating the start URI, and processing the response from the redirect URI, using the WebAuthenticator class has avoided having to write platform code to invoke native browsers. This can be a considerable amount of work, depending on the platform, and it can also be confusing if you aren't familiar with the intricacies of each platform.
I've deliberately left out a lot of code from this blog post, which generates the queries to send to IdentityServer. This is because my aim wasn't to cover the intricacies of IdentityServer, but instead how to initiate an authentication flow with WebAuthenticator, and how to process its response. I also said that all of this is simple, but it's only simple if you have a good understanding of the OAuth 2.0 spec. If you don't, it can be overwhelming. Therefore, in my next blog post I'll look at simplifying all of this by using the IdentityModel.OidcClient library.
The sample this code comes from can be found on GitHub.
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text:
Structural repair in marine environments
Nature's forces of deterioration are constant and unrelenting. Nowhere is this fact more evident than in marine environments, where corrosion, wave action, marine organisms and other forces are continually at work. The impact of deterioration can range from aesthetic issues to the general serviceability of a structure, including loss of section and reduced load bearing capacity. Severe deterioration can even result in the abandonment of a structure.
The Advanced Pile Encapsulation Process has been designed to address these issues. Since 1984, MasterBrace Pile Encapsulation Systems have been used on a wide variety of marine and industrial applications, including bridges, offshore oil and gas structures, dams, piers, pipelines and chemical process facilities.


This course is for women who want to learn the Aroma Freedom Technique (AFT) for self-guided sessions and personal growth. Anyone can learn AFT!
Using this training, you'll be able to practice the Aroma Freedom Technique on your own, whenever you need it!
You'll gain vital skills to discover, process, and resolve difficult emotional blocks, so you can finally move forward in freedom.
What the Aroma Freedom Technique is and why it works
What women can learn from the moon about trauma, emotional health, and empowerment
Why you haven't been able to change your responses to certain triggers yet
LUNAR goal-setting for women who are daring to dream freely again
The Steps of the Aroma Freedom Technique and how to effectively apply each step
How to create an effective intention statement for your sessions
How to identify the specific lies you subconsciously still believe
Why holistic freedom involves more than just knowledge and cognitive awareness
How to listen to your emotions and understand what they're telling you
The difference between feeling words and judgment words – and why it matters
Why taking conscious thoughts captive is just the tip of the iceberg – and HOW to take subconscious thoughts captive
How essential oils work so effectively with the brain to calm and recalibrate the nervous system
How and when to use your essential oils throughout your AFT session to clear emotional blocks
Why you CAN and should trust your intuition, and how to tap into it
How to be transformed by the renewing of your mind
How to create and use a personalized affirmation that actually anchors you and changes your life
Step 1: Get Your Oils.
Need the AFT Oils?
When you get them here at a 24% discount!
you get the MOONBEAMS AFT Course for Women
*** If you already have an account with Young Living Essential Oils,
order the SIX oils pictured below through your account,
and skip to Step 2. ***
 Step 2: Got your AFT oils?
Enroll in MOONBEAMS.
In this course, women learn to use the Aroma Freedom Technique for self-guided sessions and personal growth.
We use specific essential oils and blends that work directly with the limbic brain to neutralize the emotional charge associated with distressing "triggers" held within the attached memory complex.
This simple, gentle technique brings profound personal breakthrough.
Emotional Resolution, Our Luminary Moon, & LUNAR Goals
AFT Set-up and Creating Your Intention Statement
Feeling Words & Trusting Your Intuition
Your Self-Guided AFT Session
Reflection & Revolution
+ Self-guided course, including video lessons & valuable downloadable tools
+ Access to the private MOONBEAMS Facebook group for sharing and support
+ TWO FREE Group AFT sessions over Zoom
with Rise & Shine Aroma Freedom for Empowered Women
(You will receive a coupon code after ordering your Bundle.)
Frequently Asked Questions
What will I need for my self-guided AFT sessions?
You'll need your AFT oils, a quiet space with no distractions, a pen, paper, and quite possibly tissues.
Can I use another brand of essential oils?
The Aroma Freedom Technique was carefully designed to work with Young Living Essential Oil blends that have been meticulously researched, tested, and intentionally formulated for specific emotional purposes. Unfortunately, we cannot use other oils or blends.
Which essential oils do I need for my self-guided AFT sessions?
You'll need Lavender or Lavender Vitality; Frankincense or Frankincense Vitality; Stress Away; Inner Child; Release; and Believe.
(Transformation or Valor may be used in place of Believe.)


Thermoluminescence dating ceramics
07-Nov-2019 20:40
When heated, this energy is released as a burst of light.
The intensity of the light is proportional to the amount of energy, which in turn corresponds to the length of accumulation time.
XRF testing can be used to analyze virtually any material, but is most commonly used for metal analysis.
The scientific technique of thermoluminescence (TL) is used to evaluate the authenticity of archaeological pottery.
Artemis Testing Lab is the only US-based company that offers comprehensive authentication services using Thermoluminescence (TL), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and traditional X-Ray testing methods.
Headed by Serge Fayeulle, Ph D, Artemis Testing Lab provides expert testing / analysis to distinguish between genuine and fake ancient / ethnographic art.
thermoluminescence dating ceramics-26
21 questions to ask a guy your dating
Artemis Testing Lab also offers authentication, a non-destructive analytical technique to determine the elemental composition of materials.Samples require about 100 milligram and the sample collection and handling step is critical. The rate of energy accumulation depends on the amount of background radiation to which the object has been exposed.


text:
Editors' Note: This is an updated version of our 2019 Thanksgiving article.
Today, millions of Americans will sit down to enjoy Thanksgiving dinner with friends and family. A recognizable menu at any time of year, the traditional meal features cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes, rolls, pumpkin pie, stuffing and, of course, turkey! Before enjoying your sumptuous meal, take a few moments to read how this holiday is made possible by compressed air and gas technologies:
Automate Those Lines! Before the food you eat makes it to the table, it must be packaged and transported – but how does it even get to the packaging area? With the help of air compressors! Compressed air is used to control the valves and actuators in automated lines for filling, packaging, and bottling; low-pressure compressed air will also help move the food down the production line so that packaging can occur.
Bottling. What's Thanksgiving dinner without a glass of wine? Bottling is the quintessential application for compressors and nitrogen generators in winemaking. Air compressors provide the pressurized air that moves the wine from the barrels to the bottles, and because wines are particularly susceptible to oxidation during bottling, using an inert gas like nitrogen to remove the oxygen from the empty bottles helps ensure the freshness of the wine. N2 is also used to eliminate the carbon gases from the bottles prior to capping.
Canning. Vacuum pumps and nitrogen generators are also used in canning, which is a necessary process for other Thanksgiving favorites like pumpkin puree and cranberry sauce. Vacuum is used to form the can, stamped from a single piece of aluminum, and to hold the cans as they move down the line. Because aluminum is nonmagnetic, the vacuum level must be able to hold the cans as they are lifted, set down and filled. Nitrogen generators also play an important role in canning, as they introduce nitrogen into the cans holding the end products. Every pocket of space in the cans are filled with nitrogen, thus removing the oxygen eliminating moisture and mold. What you are left with is a fresher, tastier product that stays that way for longer.
Cooling and Spraying. Baked goods like dinner rolls and sweet breads are iconic parts of the Thanksgiving day meals. Compressed air is used to cool down baked goods after they emerge from the oven, which helps prevent contamination and product spoilage.
Food Packaging. Vacuum and nitrogen technology are essential elements of the Thanksgiving Day feast. Because turkeys are distributed across the country, they must be packaged and frozen prior to being shipped to their final destination. This is accomplished with both vacuum pumps and nitrogen generators:
The vacuum process removes atmospheric oxygen from the food packages to prevent aerobic bacteria and fungi from growing.
Meanwhile, on-site nitrogen generation ensures that the food doesn't spoil by displacing the remaining oxygen from the package in a process called MAP, or Modified Atmospheric Packaging, which inhibits aerobic spoilage. This is especially important for perishable meats that can quickly sour without proper precautions! Keep in mind that turkeys aren't the only food item that benefit from compressed air and gas technologies, however. MAP with nitrogen is commonly utilized in snacks, coffee, cheese, pasta, baked goods, sandwiches and processed meats. It is also becoming increasingly popular in fresh-cut produce, like pre-packaged salads and fruit, for convenience, quality, and more variety.
We hope everyone has a safe and happy Thanksgiving! Enjoy your time with family and friends, and if you'd like to learn more about compressed air and gas, you can find us at _URL_


You are here
EA-1482: Finding of No Significant Impact
Pilot Experiment for Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifer Brine Formations, Frio Formation, Liberty County, Texas
DOE has prepared an environmental assessment to analyze the potential environmental consequences of a proposal to provide approximately $2.5 million for a field test of the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifer brice formations.


text:
Setting up automated tweets may at first sound like a huge task, but it really is simple. This blog post shows you how to set this up within 10 minutes using PHP.
- A web server with PHP support
- A Twitter account to tweet from
- Log into Twitter, then go to _URL_
- Click on Create New App
- You'll see the following screen. Fill in the Name, Description, and Website with anything you want.
- Note: in order to create an application, you must have a mobile phone number entered into your Twitter profile and verified
- Check the Developer Agreement box then click on "Create your Twitter Application"
- Your application will be created and you'll be brought to the application configuration page:
- Click on the "Keys and Access Tokens" tab then at the bottom click on "Create my access token". Keep this page open as we'll be coming back to it in step #11.
- Download tmhOAuth: _URL_ (click on "Clone or download" then "Download ZIP")
- The two files you need are cacert.pem and tmhOAuth.php
- Using your favourite FTP program (or web interface), upload these two files onto your web server – optionally in a new folder (e.g. "catfacts" in this example):
- Time to get our hands dirty! Let's code a very simple PHP script that will tweet via our Twitter account when executed.
- Create a new PHP file (named anything you want; in this example, "catfacts.php"), then open it in your favourite text editor.
- Paste in the following code:
 TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY, 'consumer_secret' => TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET, 'token' => OAUTH_TOKEN, 'user_token' => OAUTH_TOKEN,'secret' => OAUTH_SECRET, 'user_secret' => OAUTH_SECRET )); $code = $tmhOAuth->user_request(array('method' => 'POST', 'url' => $tmhOAuth->url("1.1/statuses/update"), 'params' => array('status' => 'A group of cats is called a clowder.' ) ));?>
- Set the 4 "define" values with values from step #6.
- Save this PHP file and upload it to your webserver in the same folder as you uploaded the cacert.pem and tmhOAuth.php files in step #8.
- In your web browser visit the PHP file (e.g. _URL_
- Go to your Twitter profile and you'll see "A group of cats is called a clowder" has been automatically tweeted.
The above should help you get automated tweets up and running in a very short amount of time.
Some things you can do to take things to another level are:
- Creating a database/array of values and retrieving a random single item to tweet out (e.g. an array/database of cat facts)
- Creating a scheduled cron task to execute the above PHP file at a defined interval (e.g. daily at 12:00pm)
Aside from the example of daily cat facts, a major benefit of this is being able to send out automated tweets when there are changes in your web app.
Another application of this is coding a simple HTML form with a textarea which will tweet out the textarea value on submission. A use case for this is if you travel to a country which blocks access to Twitter.


text:
Scanning Electron Microscope images of insects and spiders taken by the Museum's Sue Lindsay feature in a recent Australia Post stamp issue.
A series of six Australia Post stamps feature Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of insects and spiders taken by the Australian Museum's micrographer Sue Lindsay. The striking micrographs are of an ant, a Jumping Spider, a weevil, a Hatchet Wasp, a Ground Beetle and a Dead Leaf Mimic Mantis (praying mantis) imaged at over eight times their normal size.
The Micro Monster stamps are available at participating Australia Post outlets and the Australian Museum shop while stock lasts.
This material has been reproduced with permission of the Australian Postal Corporation. © 2009 Australian Postal Corporation. The original work is held in the National Philatelic Collection.
SEM is used by scientists at the Australian Museum as a taxonomic tool to help them identify and describe species of fauna. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy scientists can view specimens at magnifications of up to 40,000 times. (The most powerful SEM, the Zeiss Evo LS15, can image at 1,000,000 times.) Microstructures that cannot normally be seen or difficult to see under light microscopes can be viewed in the SEM with amazing 3D clarity.


text:
The history of paper currency in the Seychelles date back to the period of the French colonization with the most common form of currency being metal coins. When the Seychelles became a formal British Colony in 1814; these were replaced by currencies from Mauritius. The Seychelles also made use of other foreign currencies like the Indian notes and coins, until the Seychelles rupee was firmly established.
Not withstanding the limited scope of historical records, this publication aims at providing an insight into the development of paper currencies in the Seychelles from the period of French and British colonization to present day. Divided into sections pertaining to marked periods and events in the life of the Seychelles 'currency, this publication provides colorful illustrations of the different forms of paper currencies used over the years. In addition the closing section gives an interesting description of all the flora and fauna appearing on the most recent paper currencies of the islands.
Please visit us to view our flags collection during these opening times.


text:
Slang noun used and understood primarily by Brummies (people from Birmingham, UK), Yam Yams (people from the nearby area of the Black Country) and other Midlanders.
It is a noun used to describe the action of rolling forwards on the ground. It is often described as a 'forward roll' by the rest of the country.
Brummies will often say 'gambowl' instead of 'forward roll' and very few people outside of the city seem to understand this term.
The spelling of gambowl is a debate in itself, as it is rarely written and mostly used in speech. Variations of this spelling (gambowl) include: gambole, gambol and gamboul.
There is a Facebook group campaigning to promote awareness of the word, entitled 'it's not a foward roll, it's a ******* gambowl'.
That was a very nice gambowl you did just now.
(That was a very nice 'forward roll' you did just now.)
These gymnasts haven't done any gambowls yet!
(These gymnasts haven't done any 'forward rolls' yet!)


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Working with Handle Graphics Objects
Graphics Objects
Graphics objects are the basic elements used to display graphs and user interface components. These objects are organized into a hierarchy, as shown by the following diagram.
When you call a plotting function, MATLAB® creates the graph using various graphics objects, such as a figure window, axes, lines, text, and so on. Each object has a fixed set of properties, which you can use to control the behavior and appearance of your graph.
For example, the following statement creates a figure with a white background color and does not display the figure toolbar:
Common Graphics Objects
When you call a function to create a graph, MATLAB creates a hierarchy of graphics objects. For example, calling the plot function creates the following graphics objects:
 - Figure — Window that contains axes, toolbars, menus, and so on.
 - Axes — Coordinate system that contains the lines representing the data
 - Lineseries — Lines that represent the value of data passed to the plot function.
 - Text — Labels for axes tick marks and optional titles and annotations.
Different types of graphs use different objects to represent data. All data objects are contained in axes and all objects (except root) are contained in figures.
The root is an abstract object that primarily stores information about your computer or MATLAB states. You cannot create an instance of the root object. The handle of the root object is always 0.
Object Handles
When MATLAB creates a graphics object, MATLAB assigns an identifier to the object. This identifier is called a handle. You can use this handle to access the object's properties with the set and get functions. For example, the following statements create a graph and return a handle to a lineseries object in h:
x = 1:10;
y = x.^3;
h = plot(x,y);
You can use the handle h to set the properties of the lineseries object. For example, you can set its Color property:
You can also specify the lineseries properties when you call the plotting function:
h = plot(x,y,'Color','red');
You can query the lineseries properties to see the current value:
The get function returns the answer (in units of points for LineWidth):
ans =
Finding the Properties of an Object
If you call get with only a handle, MATLAB returns a list of the object's properties:
If you call set with only a handle, MATLAB returns a list of the object's properties with information about possible values:
Setting Object Properties
All object properties have default values. However, you can change the settings of some properties to customize your graph. There are two ways to set object properties:
 - Specify values for properties when you create the object.
 - Set the property value on an object that already exists.
Setting Properties from Plotting Commands
You can specify object property value pairs as arguments to many plotting functions, such as plot, mesh, and surf.
For example, plotting commands that create lineseries or surfaceplot objects enable you to specify property name/property value pairs as arguments. The command
[x,y,z] = peaks;
plots the data in the variables x, y, and z using a surfaceplot object with interpolated face color and light gray colored edges.
Setting Properties of Existing Objects
To modify the property values of existing objects, use the set function. Plotting functions return the handles of the data objects that they create (lines, surfaces, images, and so on). For example, the following statements plot a 5-by-5 matrix (creating five lineseries objects, one per column), and then set the Marker property to square and the MarkerFaceColor property to green:
y = magic(5);
h = plot(y);
In this case, h is a vector containing five handles, one for each of the five lineseries in the graph. The set statement sets the Marker and MarkerFaceColor properties of all lineseries to the same values.
To set a property value on one object, index into the handle array:
Setting Multiple Property Values
If you want to set the properties of each lineseries to a different value, you can use cell arrays to store all the data and pass it to the set command. For example, create a plot and save the lineseries handles:
h = plot(magic(5));
Suppose you want to add different markers to each lineseries and color the marker's face color the same color as the lineseries. You need to define two cell arrays—one containing the property names and the other containing the desired values of the properties.
The prop_name cell array contains two elements:
prop_name(1) = {'Marker'};
prop_name(2) = {'MarkerFaceColor'};
The prop_values cell array contains 10 values: five values for the Marker property and five values for the MarkerFaceColor property. Notice that prop_values is a two-dimensional cell array. The first dimension indicates which handle in h the values apply to and the second dimension indicates which property the value is assigned to:
prop_values(1,1) = {'s'};
prop_values(1,2) = {get(h(1),'Color')};
prop_values(2,1) = {'d'};
prop_values(2,2) = {get(h(2),'Color')};
prop_values(3,1) = {'o'};
prop_values(3,2) = {get(h(3),'Color')};
prop_values(4,1) = {'p'};
prop_values(4,2) = {get(h(4),'Color')};
prop_values(5,1) = {'h'};
prop_values(5,2) = {get(h(5),'Color')};
The MarkerFaceColor is always assigned the value of the corresponding line's color (obtained by getting the lineseries Color property with the get function).
After defining the cell arrays, call set to specify the new property values:
Functions for Working with Objects
This table lists functions commonly used when working with objects.
Find all children of specified objects.
Find ancestor of graphics object.
Copy graphics object.
Delete an object.
Find all graphics objects (including hidden handles).
Find the handles of objects having specified property values.
Return the handle of the current axes.
Return the handle of the current figure.
Return the handle of the current object.
Query the values of an object's properties.
True if the value is a valid object handle.
Set the values of an object's properties.
Specifying Axes or Figures
MATLAB always creates an axes or figure if one does not exist when you execute a plotting command. However, when you are creating graphics from a program file, it is good practice to create and specify the parent axes and figure explicitly, particularly if others people use your program. Specifying the parent prevents the following problems:
 - Your program overwrites the graph in the current figure. A figure becomes the current figure whenever a user clicks it.
 - The current figure might be in an unexpected state and not behave as your program expects.
The following example shows a MATLAB function that evaluates a mathematical expression over the range specified in the input argument x, and then plots the results. A second call to the plot function plots the mean value of the results as a red line.
function myfunc(x)
 % Evaluate the expression using the input argument
 y = 1.5*cos(x) + 6*exp(-.1*x) + exp(.07*x).*sin(3*x);
 % Calculate the mean
 ym = mean(y);
 % Create a figure, axes parented to that axes
 % and the using the axes
 hfig = figure('Name','Function and Mean');
 hax = axes('Parent',hfig);
 % Hold the current plot and add a red line along the mean value
 hold on
 plot(hax,[min(x) max(x)],[ym ym],'Color','red')
 hold off
 % Add a tick label that shows the mean value
 % and add a title and axis labels
 ylab = get(hax,'YTick');
 set(hax,'YTick',sort([ylab ym]))
 title ('y = 1.5cos(x) + 6e^{-0.1x} + e^{0.07x}sin(3x)')
 xlabel('X Axis'); ylabel('Y Axis')
First, define a value for the input argument and call the function:
x = -10:.005:40;
Finding the Handles of Existing Objects
The findobj function enables you to obtain the handles of graphics objects by searching for objects with particular property values. With findobj you can specify the values of any combination of properties, which makes it easy to pick one object out of many. findobj also recognizes regular expressions.
For example, you might want to find the blue line with square marker having blue face color. You can also specify which figures or axes to begin searching from, if there are more than one. The following four sections provide examples illustrating how to use findobj.
Finding All Objects of a Certain Type
Because all objects have a Type property that identifies the type of object, you can find the handles of all occurrences of a particular type of object. For example,
h = findobj('Type','patch');
finds the handles of all patch objects.
Finding Objects with a Particular Property
You can specify multiple properties to narrow the search. For example,
h = findobj('Type','line','Color','r','LineStyle',':');
finds the handles of all red dotted lines.
Limiting the Scope of the Search
You can specify the starting point in the object hierarchy by passing the handle of the starting figure or axes as the first argument. For example,
h


text:
New Cape Henry Lighthouse
in Our Lighthouses
July 25, 2011
Today, the old Cape Henry Lighthouse silently guards the entry way into the Chesapeake Bay. Standing near the spot where in 1607 Captain Newport raised a cross to offer thanks for their safe crossing of the Atlantic, the Lighthouse is opened to the public on a seasonal schedule.
The architectural integrity of the tower is representative of one of John McComb's best and most important constructions. The Light also symbolizes the first bold steps the nation's new government took to fulfill its obligations to its people. With the construction of the Cape Henry Lighthouse, the waters of the Chesapeake Bay became navigable and safe ensuring steady trade and commerce on the Virginia and Maryland coasts.
Department: Museums & Historic Resources


Asked by: Sherly Xuereb
asked in category: General Last Updated: 15th March, 2020
How do you keep a glass kettle clean?
Fill the kettle 1/2 full using a solution of equal parts water and vinegar. Bring the solution to boil and allow the kettle to switch off. Unplug the kettle and allow the solution to sit in the kettle for at least half an hour. Pour out the vinegar solution and rinse the kettle again and again with clear water.
Click to see full answer.
In this regard, how do I clean my Ikich kettle?
[Warm Tips] To descale your kettle, simply fill it with some vinegar and water, boil it, and let it soak for 1 hours. Finally wipe away the scale with a cloth. Please feel free to contact us when you meet any questions or problems.
how often should you change your kettle? You can wash off the layer of minerals once a weak. Otherwise, you will have to change your kettle very quick. Still, if you live in a hard water area, you will be better off if you change your kettle after maximum two years of use.
how do I get rid of limescale in my kettle naturally?
Fill the kettle with a solution of equal parts water and vinegar, and let this soak for an hour. After that, boil the kettle, then turn it off and unplug it from the power. Let the water and vinegar mixture sit in the kettle for another 15-20 minutes, then throw it away and rinse the kettle thoroughly.
Is it safe to drink from a kettle with limescale?
Limescale comes from the high concentration of calcium found in the hard water we drink, so it will not cause you harm if you consume some from your kettle or coffee maker. However, there is no research which shows that drinking hard water increases your risk of developing kidney stones.
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text:
Plastic Equivalent Air Depths Table
This chart allows you to quickly calculate what percentage of your total oxygen exposure limits you have consumed on each dive. Time values in this chart are based on the NOAA Oxygen Exposure Time Limits for Working Divers. Fractional percentage values have been rounded to the nearest whole number, with a minimum value of one percent. Susceptibility to decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity can vary from person to person, and from day to day. No dive table, computer or planning device can guarantee (even if used correctly) you will not suffer from one or both of these problems. Therefore, the used must assume all risks associated with the use of this product. This item is made from a flexible, water-proof, plastic.


text:
By Bryan Schaaf on Thursday, June 30, 2011.
see more topics in:
The International Crisis Group (ICG) recently released a report summarizes the challenges that the Haitian government has faced in rebuilding Port au Prince and facilitating resettlement of the internally displaced. Chief among these challenges has been the lack of a formal land tenure system. While several communities have developed their own local solutions to land ownership, a strategy from the central government is needed. ICG notes that this will require political will, creativity, and consensus. To put off resettlement further is to put off a transition to development. Read more »
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text:
Conservation through Collusion: Antitrust Barriers to Cooperative Fishery Management
Jonathan H. Adler
Case Western Reserve University School of Law; PERC - Property and Environment Research Center
Antitrust law aims to protect consumers from anti-competitive conduct that can restrict output and increase price. Conservation, on the other hand, often requires restrictions on output in order to maintain resource consumption at a sustainable level. Thus, while antitrust and environmental law both seek to advance the public interest, in the context of resource conservation they can conflict. Collective arrangements among private firms to reduce output or allocate market shares are inherently suspect, even if the intent or effect is to conserve an otherwise threatened ecological resource. This paper examines the tension between resource conservation and antitrust in the context of marine fisheries. Beginning in the 1930s, fishing unions and cooperatives have been prosecuted for setting prices or restricting output, even where such arrangements have served conservation purposes. By limiting the sorts of cooperative arrangements that fishers or other common pool resource users may adopt to limit access or utilization of the underlying resource, antitrust law may inhibit the development of more effective self-governing institutions.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 30working papers series
Date posted: April 24, 2002
© 2014 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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text:
Polarizer vs. Analyzer — What's the Difference?
By Tayyaba Rehman — Updated on October 27, 2023
Polarizer is a device that converts an unpolarized light into polarized light. Analyzer is a device that measures or analyzes the polarization of light.
Difference Between Polarizer and Analyzer
Table of Contents
A polarizer is a device used in optics to transform unpolarized light into polarized light, usually by selectively filtering a certain orientation of waves. An analyzer, on the other hand, is a device used to examine or measure certain properties of polarized light, such as its direction, intensity, or degree of polarization.
Polarizers are often used in photography to reduce glare and improve color saturation. They work by allowing only light waves vibrating in a particular direction to pass through. Analyzers are employed in various scientific and industrial applications to assess the properties of polarized light, helping to reveal information about the material through which the light has passed.
In the context of polarized light microscopy, a polarizer is placed below the specimen to polarize the light before it passes through the sample. An analyzer is then placed above the specimen to analyze the polarized light that has interacted with the sample, providing insights into the sample's optical properties.
Polarizers are critical in devices like LCD screens, where they ensure that the light is polarized before it reaches the liquid crystals. Analyzers are used in spectropolarimetry to study the polarization of light from astronomical sources, providing valuable data about celestial bodies.
While both polarizers and analyzers deal with polarized light, their functions are distinct: polarizers modify the state of the light, while analyzers assess or measure the properties of polarized light.
Converts unpolarized light to polarized light
Measures or analyzes properties of polarized light
In photography to reduce glare; in LCD screens
In scientific research; in spectropolarimetry
Placed before light interacts with the subject
Placed after light has interacted with the subject
Modifies the state of light
Assesses or measures the light's properties
In optics for light control
In scientific analysis for understanding material properties
Compare with Definitions
A polarizer is instrumental in improving image quality by reducing glare and enhancing colors.
By using a polarizer, she captured vibrant photos even under bright sunlight.
An analyzer is a device used to measure the properties of polarized light, like intensity or orientation.
The scientist used an analyzer to study the polarization of light from distant stars.
A polarizer is commonly used in sunglasses to reduce glare from horizontal surfaces.
The polarizer in his sunglasses made it easier to drive against the low sun.
An analyzer is crucial in laboratories for examining material properties using polarized light.
Using the analyzer, the researcher could identify the crystal structure of the mineral.
In LCD screens, a polarizer ensures light is properly oriented before reaching the liquid crystals.
The damaged polarizer caused the LCD display to show distorted colors.
An analyzer can be used to test the effectiveness of polarizers in various devices.
The technician used an analyzer to ensure the polarizer in the camera lens was functioning correctly.
A polarizer is a device that filters light waves to allow only those in a specific orientation to pass through.
The photographer used a polarizer to reduce the reflection on the water's surface.
In optics, an analyzer determines the degree of polarization and direction of polarized light.
The analyzer revealed unexpected changes in the light's polarization, indicating a new phenomenon.
A polarizer can be used in optical devices to control the direction of light waves.
He adjusted the polarizer in the microscope to get a clearer view of the specimen.
To examine methodically by separating into parts and studying their interrelations.
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, that is polarized light.
(Chemistry) To make a chemical analysis of.
To induce polarization in or impart polarity to.
(Mathematics) To make a mathematical analysis of.
To design so as to permit light only of a certain polarization
Are these sunglasses polarized?.
To cause to divide into two conflicting or opposing groups
The issue of slavery polarized the nation.
(US) an instrument for the analysis of something
To acquire polarity.
(US) a person who analyzes
To cause polarization of light or permit light of a certain polarization.
(optics) a type of polarizer
To become divided into two conflicting or opposing groups
The town is polarizing into opposing factions over the issue.
One who, or that which, analyzes.
One who polarizes; one who divides a group or community into two extremes.
A polarizer of opinions
The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties.
(physics) Any device that produces polarized light.
An instrument that performs analyses
That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal.
In spectropolarimetry, an analyzer helps to understand celestial bodies by analyzing light polarization.
The analyzer provided data that helped astronomers understand the magnetic fields of galaxies.
Can a polarizer reduce glare in photographs?
Yes, a polarizer can significantly reduce glare and improve color saturation in photographs.
What is the main purpose of a polarizer?
A polarizer's main purpose is to convert unpolarized light into polarized light by filtering certain orientations.
Is an analyzer used in astronomy?
Yes, an analyzer is used in astronomy, particularly in spectropolarimetry, to study polarized light from celestial bodies.
Can an analyzer determine the direction of polarized light?
Yes, an analyzer can determine both the direction and degree of polarization of light.
Are polarizers used in sunglasses?
Yes, polarizers are commonly used in sunglasses to reduce glare from surfaces like water or roads.
Do polarizers affect image colors?
Yes, polarizers can enhance image colors by reducing glare and increasing color saturation.
Is an analyzer necessary for testing polarizers?
Yes, analyzers are often used to test and ensure the proper functioning of polarizers in various devices.
Do LCD screens use polarizers?
Yes, LCD screens use polarizers to ensure that the light is properly polarized before it reaches the liquid crystals.
Can analyzers be used in laboratory settings?
Yes, analyzers are widely used in laboratories for scientific research and material analysis.
Can analyzers help in understanding material properties?
Yes, analyzers are used in various fields to understand the optical properties of materials using polarized light.
What is the primary function of an analyzer?
An analyzer's primary function is to measure or analyze the properties of polarized light.
Do polarizers only allow light in one direction to pass through?
Yes, polarizers filter light, allowing only waves vibrating in a specific direction to pass.
Can polarizers and analyzers be used together?
Yes, polarizers and analyzers are often used together, especially in polarized light microscopy and spectropolarimetry.
Are polarizers used in microscopes?
Yes, polarizers are used in polarized light microscopy to control the direction of light passing through a specimen.
Can an analyzer reveal information about celestial magnetic fields?
Yes, analyzers can provide insights into the magnetic fields of celestial bodies by studying polarized light.
Share Your Discovery
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the term for male servants. For the village in Iran, see Valet, Iran.
For other uses of "varlet", see Varlet (disambiguation).
A 17th-century valet de chambre
Valet and varlet are terms for male servants who serve as personal attendants to their employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Regime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements.
In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet.
Word origins[edit]
In English, valet as "personal man-servant" is recorded since 1567, though use of the term in the French-speaking English medieval court is older, and the variant form varlet is cited from 1456 (OED). Both are French importations of valet (the "t" being silent in modern French) or varlet, Old French variants of vaslet "man's servant," originally "squire, young man," assumed to be from Gallo-Romance Vulgar Latin *vassellittus "young nobleman, squire, page," diminutive of Medieval Latin vassallus, from vassus "servant", possibly cognate to an Old Celtic root wasso- "young man, squire" (source of Welsh gwas "youth, servant," Breton goaz "servant, vassal, man," Irish foss "servant"). See yeoman, possibly derived from yonge man, a related term.
The modern use is usually short for the valet de chambre (French for "valet of the chamber", in modern terms the bedroom, though not originally so), described in the following section.
Since the 16th century, the word has traditionally been pronounced as rhyming with pallet, though an alternative pronunciation, rhyming with chalet, as in French, is now common.[1] The Oxford English Dictionary lists both pronunciations as valid.
Domestic valet[edit]
A valet or "gentleman's gentleman" is a gentleman's male servant; the closest female equivalent is a lady's maid. The valet performs personal services such as maintaining his employer's clothes, running his bath and perhaps (especially in the past) shaving his employer.
In a great house, the master of the house had his own valet, and in the very grandest great houses, other adult members of the employing family (e.g. master's sons) would also have their own valets.
At a court, even minor princes and high officials may be assigned one, but in a smaller household the butler – the majordomo in charge of the household staff – might have to double as his employer's valet. In a bachelor's household the valet might perform light housekeeping duties as well.
Valets learned the skills for their role in various ways. Some began as footmen, learning some relevant skills as part of that job, and picking up others when deputising for their master's valet, or by performing valeting tasks for his sons before they had a valet of their own, or for male guests who did not travel with a valet. Others started out as soldier-servants to army officers (batmen) or stewards to naval officers.
Traditionally, a valet did much more than merely lay out clothes and take care of personal items. He was also responsible for making travel arrangements, dealing with any bills and handling all money matters concerning his master or his master's household.
Alexandre Bontemps, the most senior of the thirty-six valets to Louis XIV of France, was a powerful figure, who ran the Chateau de Versailles. In courts, valet de chambre was a position of some status, often given to artists, musicians, poets and others, who generally spent most of their time on their specialized work. The role was also, at least during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, a common first step or training period in a nobleman's career at court.
Valets, like butlers and most specialized domestic staff, have become relatively rare. A more common, though still infrequent, arrangement is the general servant performing combined roles.
Famous fictional valets[edit]
Carving of "Bazin", the valet to Aramis, of The Three Musketeers, was a studious person who later became a lay brother. (Thomas Nicholls carves him brushing his master's clothes whilst studying theology).
Other valets[edit]
Valet is also used for people performing specific services:
 - hotel valet — an employee who performs personal services for guests.
 - parking valet – a service employee who parks cars for guests, only from 1960.
 - car valet — an employee who is paid to clean people's cars professionally.
 - valet — a professional wrestling term for a person who accompanies a wrestler to the ring.
 - Jockey's Valet - an employee who maintains a jockey's wardrobe and ensures the proper uniform is worn for each horse the Jockey races.
Other forms of valet-like personnel include:
Clothes valet[edit]
Main article: Clothes valet
Clothes valets are a piece of furniture also referred to as a men's valet. A majority are free standing and made out of wood.
While in French this word remained restricted to the feudal use for a (knight's) squire, in modern English it came to be used for the various other male servants originally called va(r)let other than the gentleman's gentleman, when in livery usually called lackey, such as the valet de pied ('foot varlet', compare footman). In archaic English, varlet also could mean an unprincipled man; a rogue.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ " Great Books Online -- Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
 2. ^ "". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
 3. ^ "". IMDb. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
External links[edit]
 - The dictionary definition of valet at Wiktionary


Quick Answer: Is The Sneaker Pink Or GREY?
Which Colour matches with pink?
10 Colours That Match With PinkPink and Blue.
Green And Pink.
Dusty Pink And Dark Brown.
Grey And Baby Pink.
Hot Pink And Bright Yellow.
Old Rose And Black.
Lush Pink And Aqua.
Orange And Pink.More items…•.
What color is the flip flop?
Is the shoe pink or green?
People who see a grey shoe are being told by their brains that the light is white. … Be rest assured that there is nothing with your eyes or even your brain if you see blue and green, instead of the original pink and white. The Vans footwear in question is actually pink in colour and is sold online in Europe.
Which side of the brain sees color?
Color Perception Switches Sides In Brain Scientists have known for years that people categorize colors using the left side of their brains, but a new study reveals that before toddlers know the names of colors, they use the right side of their brains to categorize them.
What does it mean when your vision turns pink?
Pink eye is an inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside the eyelid. Your eyes turn red and irritated, and have a weepy discharge. It's often caused by viruses, bacteria or allergies.
Is the shoe GREY and green or pink and white?
Some people see the shoe as grey with green trim and laces, while others see it as pink with white trim and laces. … "When the green light is projected onto the white shoelaces, they will come off as green. Also green plus pink equals grey."
What color shoes go with pink and GREY?
If you're lucky, you'll find black or grey shoes with pink accents. You may have to search for them, but if you find a pair, they'll complement your pink and grey outfit nicely.
Why do I see pink instead of white?
Are GREY shoes versatile?
The beauty of a pair of grey shoes is that while it's an unorthodox shoe color, it's still grey. The versatility factor is high with a pair of these. It's likely that if you go somewhere in a pair of grey shoes that you'll be the only guy in the place wearing grey shoes.
What can you wear pink shoes with?
Coral and pink shoes are superbly feminine and sweet. Much softer than black heels, which can sometimes look harsh, coral/pink shoes are perfect for ladylike dressing. Pair the colours with pastel shades, such as light blue or mint green, or match coral with either pink or orange (its base tones).
Is Teal a real color?
Teal is a blue-green colour. Its name comes from that of a bird—the common teal (Anas crecca)—which presents a similarly colored stripe on its head. The word is often used colloquially to refer to shades of cyan in general.
What is the real color of the dress?
What does it mean if you see pink?
The color pink represents compassion, nurturing and love. It relates to unconditional love and understanding, and the giving and receiving of nurturing. … Pink is feminine and romantic, affectionate and intimate, thoughtful and caring. It tones down the physical passion of red replacing it with a gentle loving energy.
Why does my vision look pink?
What is the actual color of the shoe?
The difference depends on your sensitivity to light and how your brain is interpreting that light. It's also due to the poor lighting in the image. Answer: The shoes are pink and white! EDITOR'S NOTE: This video was originally published on October 15, 2017.
Why do people see different colors?
Why do I see teal and GREY shoe?
Why do I see pink and white and others see GREY and green?