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Tokophobia: Fear of Pregnancy and Childbirth
Many struggle with tokophobia, but in subtly different ways.
Posted Nov 23, 2020
The concept of pregnancy and childbirth can prompt a range of emotional reactions. It's normal to have conflicted and varied responses. For some though, the idea prompts terror and disgust that goes beyond what might be thought of as normal apprehension or anxiety. This intense fear of pregnancy and/or childbirth is tokophobia.
Tokophobia can involve debilitating distress, a variety of panic and disgust-based physical responses, phobic avoidance, and various compulsions. These often have notable impacts on a person's relationships and life choices, potentially depriving a person of meaningful relationships or desired children. When pregnancy is undertaken, it is with intense trepidation.
Unfortunately, while there is some formal research on tokophobia and its treatment, there does not seem to be an abundance of it. The term itself was only coined in the 2000s. In the studies available since then, the definition of tokophobia varies—making it challenging to draw accurate conclusions. And because the fear of pregnancy and fear of childbirth are often lumped together in the definition (as are primary and secondary tokophobia—see below), it is tricky to find information on more nuanced presentations.
Types of Tokophobia
The distinction is typically made between primary and secondary tokophobia. Primary tokophobia refers to the fear of pregnancy/childbirth without first-hand experience of it (often developing in childhood/adolescence). Secondary tokophobia is a fear that arises following a traumatic pregnancy, loss, or birthing experience.
There seem to be further qualifiers, applicable to both primary and secondary tokophobia, that I would identify as the following (please note that this is not based on empirical research, but on my reading and clinical observations):
- Reluctant: A person with this type of tokophobia has decided that they do indeed want to have a baby. They may be certain of their desire to have a biological child through pregnancy but be completely paralyzed by fear and unable to take any steps at all toward the goal. Or they might take steps to get pregnant, but along the way be plagued with panic attacks, extreme fear of pain, uncontrollable worry, or other anxious symptoms.
- Avoidant: A person with this type of tokophobia decidedly does not want to get pregnant at this time in their life. The tokophobia presents more as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with obsessive worry about getting pregnant. Much like with contamination OCD, a person with this type of tokophobia may sense that they have somehow come into contact with semen in public spaces or have extreme anxious reactions before, during, and after any sexual contact. They may be stuck in a monthly cycle of intense worry leading up to the relief of getting their period. They may engage in avoidance—by not pursuing romantic relationships or by abstaining from sex altogether. They may also engage in compulsive checking (e.g., taking frequent pregnancy tests), safety behaviors (e.g., using multiple forms of birth control), reassurance seeking (e.g., asking partners, friends, and family for reassurance that they are not or could not be pregnant), information-gathering (e.g., researching if it's possible to get pregnant in obscure ways) and other rituals to quell what they perceive as the likelihood of becoming pregnant.
- Ambivalent: In the third category are people that for various reasons are on the fence about whether they want children at all (or additional children) and are especially fearful about having their own through pregnancy. They may experience obsessive doubt and intolerable uncertainty about the decision.
While research and formal guidelines for the treatment of tokophobia are scant, it seems clear that a holistic, multifaceted approach, to create the most densely layered web of support, is ideal—especially for those attempting to get pregnant and give birth. It could be helpful to identify which type of tokophobia a person is experiencing to inform the most appropriate approaches to treatment.
Ultimately, there are no right or wrong or prescribed choices. Not gestating and birthing a biological child is a perfectly valid choice that should be embraced if that's genuinely what you want. If, however, your aim is to get pregnant and tokophobia is the main hurdle standing in your way, know that there are approaches to manage the fear and feel supported. If you are not looking to get pregnant but you avoid relationships and sexual contact for fear of getting pregnant, know that there are ways to work through the fear and have meaningful connections with others. If you are perpetually in a state of distress at the thought of getting pregnant, there is relief.
In short, if you find yourself profoundly fearful of pregnancy and childbirth, know that you are not alone. There is nothing wrong with you, you are not broken, and you have options.
More posts on treatment recommendations to come. For now, for further reading, please see the reference section below.
Facebook image: zulufoto/Shutterstock


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Fianna Fáil Spokesperson on Education and Skills Thomas Byrne says the failure by Minister Bruton to engage constructively with teaching unions on pay equality could lead to major industrial unrest in schools across Ireland.
Deputy Byrne made the comments after the INTO rejected the new public service pay agreement negotiated last month. The ASTI and TUI are also in the process of balloting members on the pay agreement.
"Currently new entrants to the teaching profession start on much lower salary scales as compared to their established colleagues. The difference in pay scales means that a new teacher will earn up to €100,000 less than their colleagues over the course of their career. This is having a detrimental impact on morale in schools as new teachers are understandably disillusioned.
"We cannot have a situation where schools are closed again in Autumn and Winter. We saw the negative impact that this had last year on students. Students have already suffered enough, and Minister Bruton must work constructively with the teaching unions to avoid a repeat of this.
"The outcome of the INTO ballot clearly demonstrates the level of frustration amongst teaching staff. New teachers understand why separate pay scales were implemented during the economic crisis, but they have been left in the lurch as the Government has not set out a pathway for securing pay equality as the economy recovers.
"Minister Bruton needs to give a firm commitment that he will work constructively with all the teaching unions to avoid any closure of schools later this year is working towards achieving pay equality for new teachers as public finances improve. The current situation is eroding morale in schools and simply cannot be allowed to continue.
"The Minister must also recognise that failure to provide leadership on the pay equality issue could lead to widespread industrial unrest in schools right across the country," concluded Deputy Byrne.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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coastal path accommodation plymouth
Home Page Your Room Breakfasts Prices Finding Us Plymouth Exploring Booking Links Contact Us
coastal path accommodation plymouth, accommodation plymouth, walking coastal path, plymouth hoe, coastal path holiday, bed breakfast, guest house vacation, guesthouse coastal path, business accomodation, short break acomodation, b&b acommodation, devon hotel
The industrial archaeology of Dartmoor covers a number of the industries which have, over the ages, occurred on Dartmoor, and the remaining evidence surrounding them. Currently only a few industries are economically significant, yet all three will inevitably leave their own traces on the moor: china clay mining, farming and tourism. A good general guide to the commercial activities on Dartmoor at the end of the 19th century is William Crossing's The Dartmoor Worker.
In former times, lead, silver, tin and copper were mined extensively on Dartmoor. The most obvious evidence of mining to the casual visitor to Dartmoor are the remains of the old engine-house at Wheal Betsy which is alongside the A386 road between Tavistock and Okehampton. The word Wheal has a particular meaning in Devon and Cornwall being either a tin or a copper mine, however in the case of Wheal Betsy it was principally lead and silver which were mined.
Once widely practised by many miners across the moor, by the early 1900s only a few tinners remained, and mining had almost completely ceased twenty years later. Some of the more significant mines were Eylesbarrow, Knock Mine, Vitifer Mine and Hexworthy Mine. The last active mine in the Dartmoor area was Great Rock Mine, which shut down in 1969.
Dartmoor granite has been used in many Devon and Cornish buildings. The prison at Princetown was built from granite taken from Walkhampton Common. When the horse tramroad from Plymouth to Princetown was completed in 1823, large quantities of granite were more easily transported.
The granite quarries around Haytor were the source of the stone used in several famous structures, including the New London Bridge, completed in 1831. This granite was transported from the moor via the Haytor Granite Tramway, stretches of which are still visible.
Peat-cutting for fuel occurred at some locations on Dartmoor until certainly the 1970s, usually for personal consumption. The right of Dartmoor commoners to cut peat for fuel is known as turbary. These rights were conferred a long time ago, predating most written records. The area once known as the Turbary of Alberysheved between the River Teign and the headwaters of the River Bovey is mentioned in the Perambulation of the Forest of Dartmoor of 1240 (by 1609 the name of the area had changed to Turf Hill).
An attempt was made to commercialise the cutting of peat in 1901 at Rattle Brook Head, however this quickly failed.
The significance of the term warren nowadays is not what it once was. In the Middle Ages it was a privileged place, and the creatures of the warren were protected by the king 'for his princely delight and pleasure'.
Until early in the 20th century, rabbits were kept on a commercial scale, both for their flesh and their fur. The evidence for this is plentiful as there are still extant a number of warrens which are manifestly man-made, and in place names such as Ditsworthy Warren and Warren House Inn. Also, whilst walking on Dartmoor near one of the many warrens, it is entirely possible that you might accidentally stumble into a weasel-trap, placed there originally to capture weasels and stoats attempting to get at the rabbits.
The subject of warrening on Dartmoor is addressed in Eden Phillpotts' story The River.
Farming has been practised on Dartmoor since time immemorial. The dry-stone walls which separate fields and mark boundaries give an idea of the extent to which the landscape has been shaped by farming. There is little or no arable farming within the moor, mostly being given over to livestock farming on account of the thin and rocky soil. Some Dartmoor farms are remote in the extreme.
The Dartmoor tin mining industry is thought to have originated in pre-Roman times, and continued right through to the 20th century. From the 12th century onwards tin mining was regulated by a Stannary Parliament which had its own laws.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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a1 Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
The relation between women's timing of menarche and father absence was examined in a national probability sample of Great Britain (NATSAL 2000; N>5000). Current body mass index (as a proxy for childhood weight) was examined as a potential mediator of this relationship, along with the potential moderating role that siblings (e.g. number of older brothers) had on this relationship. As in a number of previous studies, an absent father (but not an absent mother) during childhood predicted an earlier age of puberty (i.e. an early menarche). There was no evidence that weight mediated this relationship or that siblings moderated it. Both a lower body mass index and more siblings (e.g. more younger sisters and brothers) were independent predictors of a later timing of puberty. The results confirm that certain psychosocial factors (i.e. father absence; presence of siblings) may affect the timing of sexual maturation in adolescent girls.


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DistributionRead full entry
Coastal habitat is suitable over large portions of the European continent, including perimeters of the Celtic Sea, English Channel, Bay of Biscay, Irish Sea, Sea of the Hebrides, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Baltic Sea, Gulf of Riga and Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, some European countries offer suitable otter habitat hundreds of kilometres inland from the nearest sea. For example, in Romania, not only are European otter found within the Danube Delta, but far inland within the Carpathian Mountains. In Poland and Bulgaria, otters are found far inland in the rivers that have sufficiently high water quality and have a minimum of hydroelectric installations. The European otter, in fact, can be found in mountain valleys as high as 1400 metres in places such as Bulgaria, including numerous small watersheds in West Rhodopy Mountain, Bulgaria. In Turkey, however, overgrazing of riparian terrestrial cover, human hunting and water pollution have almost extirpated L. lutra from inland areas, except for parts of the Coruh River. In Soain L.lutra is found along parts of the coastline but also in interior riparian zones in such ecosystems as the Iberian sclerophyllus forests, where populations may be considered relicts of broader prehistoric distributions.


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Injury is a serious public health concern in Canada, with outcomes ranging from increased economic burden to disability and death.
Tracking, also known as health surveillance, is the continuous and systematic process of collection, analysis, and interpretation of descriptive information for monitoring health problems.
Information derived from the analysis of injury data in Canada supports the development of health promotion campaigns and legislation aimed at reducing injuries. Information gained from surveillance activities can be used in safety education, product recalls, manufacturing standards, and health policy. Surveillance can also identify high risk groups, detect clusters of events, provide clues into risks factors and causes of injury, provide historical information and raise questions that need to be addressed by more in-depth research.
Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada offer information on injury surveillance in Canada through the following sources:


12 min read
Abundance Insider: November 15th, 2018
Nov 16, 2018
In this week's Abundance Insider: AI news anchors, urine-based bio-bricks, and crowdsourced AI ethics.
P.P.P.S. This week we feature the work of four of Peter's Strike Force Fellows. The Strike Force Fellowship Program aims to connect & empower young entrepreneurs to find their MTP, take moonshots and leverage exponential technologies as they start their careers. To learn more about the program, and to meet the Fellows, visit this page.
This Co-Op Solar Project Will Be Owned By The Community Members It Benefits
What it is: In Brooklyn's Sunset Park waterfront neighborhood, a unique partnership between NYCEDC, the nonprofit Solar One, the cooperative financing agency Co-op Power, and the local environmental advocacy group Uprose is creating an 80,000-square-foot solar garden. This innovative, cooperatively owned urban power supply is one of the first to provide power to low-income residents: roughly 30 percent of Sunset Park lives below the poverty line and spends close to 10 percent of their annual income on energy costs.
Why it's important: Exponential technologies like solar are rapidly demonetizing and democratizing energy access, creating massive entrepreneurial opportunities at the intersection of grand challenges in poverty, the environment, and highly distributed free energy. What other challenges could nontraditional partnerships like this address in domains like housing or healthcare? Share on Facebook
Spotted by Marissa Brassfield / Written by Jason Goodwin
World-First: Bio-Bricks From Urine
What it is: Researchers at the University of Cape Town discovered a novel method for transforming urine into bricks, with any leftover materials converted into farm fertilizer. Using a natural process used by coral reefs known as 'microbial carbonate precipitation,' they found that they could turn urine into bricks within three to five days. Waiting longer allows the bricks to maximize in hardness with an equivalence in strength to clay bricks (ranging from 3 megapascals to 5 megapascals). For reference, a military submarine needs to withstand 5 megapascals at 500 meters in the ocean. After 48 hours of creation, the bricks lose their ammonia smell and have a gray texture similar to normal bricks. They form at room temperature and pose zero health risks.
Why it's important: "The ideal future for the bio-bricks is to create a more sustainable society," said Dr. Dyllon Randall, the supervisor of this project, in an interview. "I want us to rethink typical 'waste' streams rather as resources and to develop innovative processes to recover these." Currently, generating a single brick requires about 7 to 8 gallons of urine; however, when applied on an exponential scale for billions of people, these numbers become much more manageable. Share on Facebook
Spotted by Richard Nederlander / Written by Richard Nederlander
Global Preferences For Who To Save In Self-Driving Car Crashes Revealed
download (1)What it is: MIT researchers have created a "serious game" called Moral Machine to crowdsource answers to important ethical questions about artificial intelligence. Participants answer what they would do in a variety of situations (each situation of the same ethical ilk as the age-old Trolley Problem). Millions of users made over 40 million ethical decisions. This massive data set revealed major global trends (such as "favoring the lives of many over the few"), along with key differences in moral judgments across different geographies and cultures (e.g. whether they would prioritize the lives of the young over the old in a car crash).
Why it's important: This citizen science platform crowdsources the moral intuition of a society — a novel method for creating policies about artificial intelligence. It's an important step toward a socially acceptable, universal AI ethics system and a future of morally intelligent machines. Share on Facebook
Spotted by Noah Schochet / Written by Noah Schochet
China's State-Run Press Agency Has Created An 'AI Anchor' To Read The News
What it is: China's Xinhua News Agency has just released AI news anchors, built using footage of human TV hosts in collaboration with Chinese search engine company Sogou. Enabled by a machine learning program that synthesizes humanlike lip movements, facial expressions and persuasively lifelike speech, these digital anchors can read and deliver news far more efficiently than with traditional CGI. And so long as human editors continuously feed text to the system, AI hosts can work 24/7, delivering breaking news in a matter of minutes and drastically cutting costs.
Why it's important: While Xinhua's AI anchors still require technical tweaks to a limited facial expression range and still artificial voice, machine learning is already making great strides in this arena. And as virtual hosts can now be customized from human footage, we might imagine a world in which you choose who delivers your news on a given topic — imagine Neil deGrasse Tyson walking you through this morning's most recent space discovery, or a digitally revived Steve Irwin keeping you up to date on environmental conservation news. Long-term, AI news anchors could even harness our trillion-sensor economy, drawing real-time updates from instantaneously synthesized data. Share on Facebook
Spotted by Marissa Brassfield / Written by Claire Adair
IBM Watson And Kronos Offer A Career Coach For Hourly Workers
What it is: IBM and workforce management platform Kronos are teaming up to use IBM Watson to digitize, demonetize, and democratize career development for hourly workers. The artificial intelligence system will guide hourly workers on open advancement opportunities within their organization. Further, the system will provide information about the necessary courses, trainings, and milestones required to receive a certain raise, bonus, or promotion within the company. Workers can easily access Watson Career Coach technology on mobile via chat.
Why it's important: With the rise of automation, unskilled labor roles must transition into more specialized jobs. This digital platform can help a massive portion of the U.S. workforce gain the skills they need to thrive in the near future — an opportunity to generate wealth while helping millions of workers forge impactful career paths. Share on Facebook
Spotted by Marissa Brassfield / Written by Max Goldberg
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text: Discharges from historic and current coal mines frequently generate waters low in pH (<3), high in heavy metals (e.g. Fe, Al) and cover streambeds in metal precipitates. The present study investigated periphyton communities at 52 stream sites on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand, representing a range of impacts from acid mine drainage (AMD). Taxonomic richness was negatively related to acidity and metal oxides and biomass was negatively correlated with metal oxides, but positively related to acidity. Streams with low pH (<3.5) had low periphyton richness (14 taxa across all sites) and were dominated by Klebsormidium acidophilum, Navicula cincta and Euglena mutabilis. As pH increased, so did taxonomic richness while community dominance decreased and community composition became more variable. Canonical correspondence analyses of algal assemblages revealed patterns influenced by pH. These findings indicate that streams affected by AMD possess a predictable assemblage composition of algal species that can tolerate the extreme water chemistry and substrate conditions. The predictability of algal communities declines with decreasing stress, as other abiotic and biotic factors become increasingly more important.


Accents and job prospects in Ireland: Check out the RTE website on how accents may affect job prospects in Irish society. The piece comes in the context of a new bill aiming to ensure that employers do not discriminate against job applicants or employees because of their accent.
In the piece it reads that "In Ireland, it would appear that we are somewhat behind the UK when it comes to accepting that this is an issue. There, received pronunciation refers to the form of dialect adopted typically by those viewed as being from a middle-and upper-class, or southern region upbringing."


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First of all, these phrases sound very strange to me (I should have the context they are used into, in order to have a better understanding of them).
In Spanish such phrases may be an example of that is knoun as "Complemento del Nombre". I'm not sure if such a concept exists in English grammar. In Spanish you must think of that complement as some sort of adjective that specifies the role of the main noun.
Its structure is:
[Main Noun] de [Specifier Noun]
So, with the phrase "Fiestas de árboles", you have:
- Fiestas is the main noun.
- árboles is the specifier.
then you may have these meanings (among others, depending on the context):
- Parties attended by trees (should be better expressed with: Fiestas de los árboles).
- Parties made out of trees (parties whose main element are trees).
On the other hand, "Árboles de fiestas" may have these meanings:
- Abbreviation of Árboles que están de fiestas: trees which are going or attending to a party.
- Trees used within parties (should be also expressed with: Árboles para fiestas).
As you can see, at least the meanings I can think of these phrases are very similar for both cases.


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Function Generator is a small app that simulates a device used in electronic lab to generate sine or square wave.
It offers numerous usage possibilities like testing the audio of your phone, annoying your friends, parents or teachers,
trying to play "Mary had a little lamb", scaring sharks off or drawing their attention (we haven't yet established which works better) ;).
* frequency range 100 Hz - 10 kHz
* generates sine or banlimited square wave
* gain/volume setting
Keywords: laboratory | equipment | sound | generator | sine | square | wave | scaring sharks | scaring dogs | scaring other animals | annoying | fun
Tags: signal generator, sound card generate sine wave, generate audio square wave code, funcgen, how to generate squarewave, generating a square wave, laboratory audio cards, funcgen signal generator, versuche mit signalgenerator


Main content
Athlete Biological Passport Program FAQ
What is an Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)?
An Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is an ongoing electronic record of an athlete's biological markers from multiple blood sample collections over a period of time.
An ABP differs from traditional blood tests by looking at the effects of doping rather than directly detecting the prohibited substances or methods used. This means that even if a substance has left the body, the ABP tests will detect if it was there.
Why is the NRL introducing an ABP program?
The new testing measures are part of a range of initiatives introduced by the NRL's Integrity and Compliance Unit to protect rugby league. The testing program has been developed on the basis of expert advice and gives confidence to the fans and the players who are committed to a drug-free sport.
The NRL's ABP program is part of a comprehensive suite of changes that will significantly strengthen rugby league against emerging threats to world sport.
What are the other new testing measures being announced by the NRL?
The new ABP program will run in addition to traditional blood and urine testing. The other new measures include:
 - Increased testing for Human Growth Hormone with samples sent to London to take advantage of the latest technology developed for the 2012 Olympics
 - Increased testing for peptides with samples sent to Cologne to take advantage of leading international developments in peptide testing
Who administers the NRL's ABP Program?
The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) will be contracted by the NRL to conduct all aspects of the program on its behalf.
When will the program start?
The program will commence in June 2013.
How are players selected?
Players are selected at ASADA's discretion.
How often will ABP testing occur?
ASADA has indicated that a minimum of four tests would be reasonable to provide an individual athlete's baseline record. A baseline record is simply gathering a sufficient quantity of data from which a panel of three experts can agree that it is highly likely that a prohibited substance or method has been used following testing. In a full year, it is expected each player would be required to submit to between four and ten tests.
How long will it take for tests to be completed?
The test itself is relatively short and only requires a sample of blood. However, an athlete is required to be in a rested state prior to undertaking the test which could result in a player waiting for up to two hours from the time he first advised of the test. Once notified an athlete must remain with the testing official until the test is complete.
Where will the biological passports be tested and by whom?
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accredited laboratories in Australia will process ABP tests conducted in Australia.
Is the new ABP Program supported by the Rugby League Players' Association?
Yes. The program has been discussed in detail with the RLPA. The RLPA strongly supports the testing of players to ensure compliance with the WADA code and the NRL's Anti-Doping Policy.
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To set up file-based download, you create a file-definition database. This is a SQL Anywhere database that has the same synchronization tables and publications as your remote databases. It can be located anywhere. This database contains no data or state information. It does not have to be backed up or maintained; in fact, you can delete it and recreate it as needed.
The file-definition database must include the following:
the same publications as the remote databases, as well as the tables and columns used in the publication, the foreign key relationships and constraints of those tables and columns, and the tables required by those foreign key relationships.
a MobiLink user name that identifies the group of remote databases that are to apply the download file. You will use this group MobiLink user name in your synchronization scripts to identify the group of remote databases.


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|Jun20-12, 12:27 PM||#1|
Confused about image size in plane, concave, or convex mirrors
So I know these equations
1/f = 1/p + 1/i
m = -i/p
f: focal length
p: object distance from mirror
i: image distance from mirror
Let's say that I have an object in front of a concave or convex mirror with the same |f|. p is much larger than the radius of curvature. Based on the equations above, |m|<1. Also, |m| should be nearly same for both mirrors. Does this mean that the images produced by the two mirrors would appear to be about the same size?
Also, if I replace the concave or convex mirror with a plane mirror (while keeping p the same), |m| would be 1 for the image. Does this mean that the image produced by the plane mirror would appear to be larger than the image produced by the concave/convex mirrors?
(I tried to check this using a spoon, but the spoons I have are not very reflective...)
|Jun20-12, 02:56 PM||#2|
Yes to all.
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Question: How Often Should You Bathe A 4 Year Old?
Why don't they bathe babies right away?
Is it OK for child to sleep with parents?
What age should you stop bathing with child?
around five years"The general rule of thumb is by the time children reach school age, around five years old, they shouldn't be showering with you," says Dr. Richard Beyer, a licensed psychologist in Arcadia, California. "That's the conventional wisdom, the general cutoff line."
How often should a 5 year old shower?
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends bathing children age 6-11 once or twice a week or when: They get dirty from playing outside. They finish swimming in a pool, lake, or ocean. They get sweaty or are dealing with body odor.
Can you leave a 4 year old in the bath?
When should you start bathing your baby every day?
Can I give my 6 week old a bath every day?
Can I bathe my baby once a week?
Bathe Your Baby Every Day Dr. Sears says that parents should bathe their babies once or twice a week, at most. Bathing your baby too often can wash off the natural moisturizing layer of oil on his or her skin, leaving it cracked, dry and red with eczema.
Why you shouldn't kiss your child on the lips?
At what age should a child sleep in their own bed?
Do 4 year olds need a bath every day?
How often should a child take a bath?
Children ages 6 to 11: Guidelines for bathing If your child is in this age group, taking a daily bath is fine. Children in this age group, however, may not need a daily bath. Children aged 6 to 11 need a bath: At least once or twice a week.


Pyrography Contrasting Tonal Values by Lora Irish
Tonal values in pyrography wood burningsTonal values, the shades of sepia from pale coffee with cream to dark chocolate, create the shading colors in our pyrography work. By planning in advance areas of your work that place one very pale tone against an extremely dark tone you can give an area dramatic contrast, impact, and added depth.
Let's use the wood burning, Grandpa's Old Car, as our example of how contrast adds depth to your pyrography designs. Please click of the finished burning and pattern for full-sized printable images.
Pyrography Contrasting Tonal Values by Lora IrishIn the finished wood burning you see an old, abandoned car near a foreground tree and old fence line. This is our foreground area of the pattern. Directly behind the car stands a small clump of trees and a gently rising hillside, this becomes our mid-ground area of the work. In the background, along the hill ridge is a barn and tree line which falls in the background area of the pattern.
For a moment take a look out your window. Notice that those items or elements that are nearest to you are also the items that have the strongest color and shadow contrasts to them. The closer an element is to the viewer the stronger the color hues will appear. Foreground elements have distinct white highlights and crisp dark shadows.
Move you eye to the mid-ground area of you window view. The elements or items in this visual range still have coloration, but the colors are not longer as bright and bold. Shadows in the mid-ground area lose their white and black tones and move into the middle range of gray or brown.
Pyrography Contrasting Tonal Values by Lora IrishMove your eye farther into the window view, try to find some distant point. Notice that the background areas have lost much of their coloration. Most coloring in the background falls in the gray-brown muted tones. There are few distinct shadows in the distant background of any view.
Air – atmosphere – is not crystal clear. Air contains fine water particles that when viewed close up, in the foreground of our designs, are invisible. But the farther we look into a design as a landscape the more the water particles whiten or cloud the view.
So the farther back we look the more 'white' from the water particles cover the elements of the scene. You can see that used in Grandpa's Old Car pyrography. The barn scene that is in the background is worked in a narrow range of pale tonal values to give the effect of looking through water laden air. The mid-ground trees, just behind the car, have more contrast in the tonal values, but those values all fall in the mid-range of our tonal value scale. Only the foreground had dramatic tones of white and black.
The tonal value placement matches the actual tonal value ranges of each area of a landscape.
Drama can also be created by placing one white tone directly in contact with one full black tone. Notice along the bottom edge of the car. The wheel wells and fender area have solid black tones. In contract the grass in front of the car, that touches the car are unburned, white areas in the design. That black and white contrast area directly sets the car on the ground in the grass. This black and white contrast area is so bold that it pulls your eye, over and over again, to that area of the pyrography.
Visit for an in-depth look at using photography in your pyrography work for more information of tonal values.
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Rotary Woofer Distortion Measurements
The following distortion test were measured on the rotary woofer. The microphone was three meters from the woofer. The system was calibrated with a Bruel and Kjaer 4145 microphone, pistonphone and 2204 sound level meter. The spectrum analyzer was calibrated to be flat to below 1 Hz using a signal generator and voltmeter. In this test configuration the rotary woofer was able to maintain greater than 110dB sound levels down to 1Hz. Typical maximum sound levels in the 2800 cubic foot test room are around 115-119dB with 350 watts total input power (motor plus audio amplifier power) between 1 and 30Hz.
For comparison most conventional subwoofers will not achieve 110dB output at any frequency 20Hz or lower with 10% distortion or less.
Because these distortion measurements include the room they are likely higher than actual anechoic readings. The room walls experienced resonance modes between 10 and 15 Hz. Below 5Hz there is significant volume velocity at 110dB such that a door will swing back and forth. At 1Hz you don't hear anything other than the rattling of doors, walls and the air moving through the transducer and the room. The THD number includes all harmonics and room noise up to 2Khz.
1 Hz measurement, 110dB 7.24%THD:
5 Hz measurement, 110dB 7.91%THD:
10 Hz measurement, 110dB 9.31%THD:
20 Hz measurement, 110dB 9.38%THD:
25 Hz measurement, 110dB 5.56%THD:
30 Hz measurement, 110dB 2.12%THD:
2Hz square wave mesurement, mic in room 7 meters from the transducer, 95dB:


text:
Woodlawn School is the primary sponsor of STEAMfest.
Woodlawn is an independent, nonprofit school founded in 2002. Currently accepting students in grades Kindergarten through 12, and accredited by both the Southern Association of Independent Schools (SAIS) and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), Woodlawn offers a challenging, project-based academic experience. Woodlawn is located on a scenic 61-acre campus one mile north of Davidson, North Carolina, easily accessible from Interstate 77 and the surrounding Lake Norman communities.
The mission of Woodlawn school is to produce independent, lifelong learners who are responsible, contributing members of a diverse global society.
Woodlawn is a school family united around a set of core values and beliefs:
- Hands-on, Project-Based, Experiential Learning is essential! It is the natural way – the joyous way! – we are designed to learn. It is how the real work of the 21st century takes place.
- Children learn best when parents, grandparents, teachers, and coaches – all members of the school family! – are partners, modeling lifelong values of mutual trust and respect.
- The best lessons are often caught, not taught, and children need to be immersed in healthy cultures guided by skilled, compassionate mentors who educate and nurture the whole child.
- Peer relationships matter, and children thrive when they are surrounded by peers who are worthy of admiration. That is the magic of a Kindergarten through 12th grade school!
- Children learn to become good people when their community shares a passionate belief in moral excellence. When compassion for others, empathy, and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and equality of all people are the foundation of all we do.
Most of all, we share a bright, optimistic vision of what children become!
The Woodlawn Way has always been a creative, dynamic, adaptable and joyful approach to teaching and learning. We have always been a school community in which every child is known and valued, every voice heard, and a place where teachers and parents are partners. Now more than ever, children need the Woodlawn Way!


Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau.Stock Connection/Superstock
Jacques-Yves Cousteau, (born June 11, 1910, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France—died June 25, 1997Paris), French naval officer and ocean explorer, known for his extensive underseas investigations. He also was involved with the development of equipment used in underwater diving.
Cousteau served in World War II as a gunnery officer in France and later was a member of the French Resistance against the German occupation of the country. He subsequently was awarded the Legion of Honour for his espionage work. Cousteau's experiments with underwater filmmaking began during the war. Cousteau helped found the French navy's Undersea Research Group in 1945. He also was involved in conducting oceanographic research at a centre in Marseille, France. When the war ended, he continued working for the French navy, heading the Undersea Research Group at Toulon.


text:
Date of this Version
Remote sensing algorithms that use red and NIR bands for the estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration [Chl] can be more effective in inland and coastal waters than algorithms that use blue and green bands. We tested such two-band and three-band red-NIR algorithms using comprehensive synthetic data sets of reflectance spectra and inherent optical properties related to various water parameters and a very consistent in situ data set from several lakes in Nebraska, USA. The two-band algorithms tested with MERIS bands were Rrs(708)/Rrs(665) and Rrs(753)/Rrs(665). The three-band algorithm with MERIS bands was in the form R3 = [Rrs-1(665) - Rrs-1(708)] × Rrs(753). It is shown that the relationships of both Rrs(708)/Rrs(665) and R3 with [Chl] do not depend much on the absorption by CDOM and non-algal particles, or the backscattering properties of water constituents, and can be defined in terms of water absorption coefficients at the respective bands as well as the phytoplankton specific absorption coefficient at 665 nm. The relationship of the latter with [Chl] was established for [Chl] > 1 mg/m3 and then further used to develop algorithms which showed a very good match with field data and should not require regional tuning.


text:
Ridgewood High School teacher lauded by NJ Inventors Hall of Fame
A few years ago, using blackberry juice and titanium dioxide, a non-toxic ingredient found in powdered sugar, Ridgewood "High School (RHS) science teacher Lillian Labowsky and her students began making dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells with enough "juice" to power a calculator.
Three years after Labowsky began the project, which was funded through a National Science Foundation (NSF) program that paired graduate students and grade school teachers to promote science education, it is clear Labowsky did not just help her students make power - she also empowered them to invent.
For her involvement in the innovative two-year project, Labowsky has received accolades from both the state and the "district.
The physics and chemistry teacher was recently recognized by the Board of Education (BOE) for the 2012 "Advancement of Invention" Award she received from the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame (NJIHoF) in "October.
She was one of only 25 scientists in the state, including three Nobel Prize laureates, to be inducted in the Hall of Fame. Labowsky was nominated for the award by a Stevens Institute of Technology graduate who helped her with the NSF program project. She was chosen because, according to the NJIHoF, her teaching is "inspiring the next generation of scientists."
In a press release, her passion for science was deemed of "special note" and called "inspiring" by NJIHoF President Les Avery.
It was a high honor worthy of a teacher whose students, when contacted, spoke of her obvious passion and enthusiasm. It was also not the first time Nobel Prize winners have been closely associated with Labowsky, who said she was inspired to teach by her Yale University thesis adviser John Fenn, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
"It is my goal to try to inspire young scientists just as [Professor] Fenn inspired me," said Labowsky, who attended Fenn's Nobel Prize ceremony.
While Labowsky is no longer participating in the NSF program because of a two-year limitation, the solar cell project "is still going strong," she said. It has been integrated into her curriculum and expanded into a larger nanotechnology project.
"I hope this project will serve as an enriching real world connection for my students," she said. "We will continue to make blackberry juice solar cells to run small electronics as we did for the past three years, but we will also explore other advanced technology areas such as nano-medicine, nano-fibers, and nano-glues."


text: BANGALORE: The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) is planning to install an online real time monitoring system to check air pollution in 15 districts across the state in a phased manner.The initiative is aimed at identifying and mitigating pollution levels across the state, said Karnataka State Pollution Control Board Chairman A S Sadashiviah. He said, "For the installation of equipment, we are finalising the districts based on the pollution level. In the first phase we will be installing the systems at Bellary, Mangalore, Chitradurga, Belgaum, Gulbarga, Mysore and Tumkur.""The other districts will be finalised later and taken up in the second and third phases depending on the requirement," explained."This system will be in the lines of the two similar systems which are currently functioning at the city railway station and Basveswaranagar at Bangalore," he added.Speaking about the working of the system, Sadashivaiah said, "Analysers for major pollutants like sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) will be installed. All the four analysers will work on different principles and represented pollution content graphically.""Once the major polluting elements and particulates are identified, we can specifically put a check on it. This way we can reduce the level of pollution," the chairman of the Pollution Control Board observed.


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Feeling Anxious? Valerian Root Might Be Your New Best Friend
Feeling Anxious? Valerian Root Might Be Your New Best Friend
October 3, 2020 welleum
Valerian Root Might Be Your New Best Friend
Anxiety - Valerian Root And Eastern Medicine
Find yourself feeling anxious lately? You're not alone. Anxiety affects millions of people worldwide and can range from occasional and mild to nearly debilitating. While we know there are many factors that can contribute to anxiety, it is still a heavily studied and widely misunderstood affliction. As a condition that has both mental and physical impacts, many look for solutions to help reduce or eliminate these symptoms.
While Western Medicine has focused heavily on pharmaceutical treatments, Eastern cultures have practiced natural methods for years. One common go-to is Valerian Root, but why is that and how is it used?
What is Valerian Root?
Valerian Root | Xié Cǎo
Valerian is a tall flowering plant that is native to regions of Asia and Europe. As such, valerian root comes from the base of the plant that anchors it into the ground. This root can be extracted in several ways and used for medicinal purposes.
Valerian Root has been used in Eastern medicine since ancient times, with references to the herb and its benefits appearing in both Hindu and Middle Eastern literature. The Chinese have long used valerian to alleviate pain, slow bleeding, and induce calmness in anxious patients. You might not hear about it in the Western world as much, as many doctors are more likely to prescribe chemical compounds such as Xanax or Klonopin for anxiety. Still, it has made its way into the Western world and alternative practitioners use it regularly for their patients.
How Does Valerian Root Help Anxiety?
Anxiety - Valerian Root And Eastern MedicineValerian root has multiple compounds that can contribute to calmness and the reduction of anxious sensations. This includes isovaleric acid, valerenic acid, many essential oils and a number of antioxidants. These compounds work together to regulate the chemicals in your brain and nervous system.
One main regulator of your nervous system is GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid. When your gamma levels are stable, you feel calm and steady. But when GABA levels are low, your nervous system starts to fire off more impulses, and you may feel anxious, jittery, amped up. All of these symptoms can lead to low-quality sleep and further exhaustion.
Valerian root helps with GABA levels because the chemical compounds prevent GABA from being broken down in the brain. This helps to stabilize your GABA levels and keep you feeling calm and tranquil.
The antioxidants also work in the brain to slow down activity in areas that are associated with fear and intense emotional responses. This means that you can face new situations without being overly stimulated.
Taking valerian root has also been shown to stabilize levels of serotonin and provide sedative effects. This can regulate your mood and decrease feelings of fear and uncertainty.
How to Take Valerian Root
Anxiety - Valerian Root And Eastern MedicineThere are many forms of medicinal valerian root. In Western medicine, it is often ground up and sold in pill or tablet form. Traditionally, this is not recommended as the constituents are not preserved before they oxidize. Oxidized valerian can be agitating to some, so you can also extract valerian in alcohol and dry it out. This makes it suitable for most people.
While pills have also been available in recent years in the East, the more traditional method of consuming Valerian Root is to make a tea. You can do this by boiling water and soaking 2 or 3 grams of the dried root for 10 to 15 minutes. If using Valerian Root to promote healthy sleep, take it approximately 2 hours before bedtime. The older and smellier the herb, the less effective it is.
Is Valerian Root Safe?
While Valerian Root might not work for everybody, there are few negative side-effects, and the ones that have been observed are generally mild. They include headache, dizziness, and upset stomach.
Other Herbs for Anxiety
Szechwan Lovage | Chuān Xiōng
While many people swear by Valerian Root for anxiety relief, there are many other herbs that have been used for thousands of years with similar effects:
 - Chamomile – Chamomile is popular for its calming effects, and you can likely find it in tea form in any major supermarket. Chamomile supplements are also widely available.
 - Kava – This Pacific Island pepper has long been praised for its strong sedative and pain-relieving effects. Like chamomile, it is generally consumed as a tea or an extracted fermented beverage.
 - Lavender – Lavender has become popular in recent years with the increase in the popularity of essential oils. Many people report feeling relaxed when using lavender oil for aromatherapy, but it can also be taken as a tea.
 - Passionflower – Passionflower is used to treat restlessness and anxiety, and some people report feeling effects as strong as pharmaceutical drugs without the negative side effects. It is best for people whose mental chatter keeps them from falling asleep.
 - Szechwan Lovage Used to circulate qui, when used in combination with other herbs, this herb helps to reduce racing thoughts and improve clarity in the mind.
Multi-Herb Combos
lunawell For AnxietyHerbal formulas with a combo of herbs have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. As with all things in Eastern medicine, the goal is to help find balance. Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Tang and Suan Zao Ren Tang are two such formulas which aim to help you chill out! One easy-to-take option is this tincture which contains a modernized version of both formulas.
Is Herbal Treatment Right for Me?
There is no one-size-fits-all solution for treating anxiety or feelings of anxiousness. Every person is different and will experience varying levels of effectiveness. However, you can rest assured knowing that herbs such as Valerian Root have been used in Eastern medicine for thousands of years, with few negative side effects. Even if it doesn't relieve all your anxiety, it is safe to try.
 Many people simply do not like the feelings or side effects they get from their chemical prescriptions, and a good number of anti-anxiety drugs can be addictive and harmful to your body. If you want to avoid going down that path, herbal options may just be the answer. Speak with one of our Eastern medicine experts who can help determine which solution is the best one for you.
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The Gather Procedure takes an input vector that is distributed across all the processors and gathers it into another distributed vector or array according to an indirect index vector or array. No collisions are possible, since this call is effectively pulling values out of a distributed variable, and there is a different location for each pulled value. This is the opposite of the Scatter procedure.
|call Gather (Output, Input, Index, Trace)|
|Index||An optional integer vector or array of indirect references to positions in the Input vector. This must be included on the first call to this procedure with a given data structure, but may be omitted on subsequent calls if the Trace variable is present. [Optional]|
|Input||A real, integer or logical vector that is distributed across all the processors.|
|Trace||An optional structure that stores the setup from a previous Gather/Scatter call using the same Index variable and Input vector length. If Trace is present and uninitialized, it is set by this procedure. If Trace is present, it is used regardless of whether Index is present.|
|Output||The gathered version of the Input vector, distributed across the processors.|
|Trace||If present, Trace is set to the setup information for this Gather/Scatter. [Optional]|
The Gather code listing contains additional documentation.
Michael L. Hall


text:
Without a bank account
- As in urban districts, low-income households are more likely to have no bank or building society account than households on average incomes.
- As in urban districts, the proportion of households in rural districts who have no bank or building society account has fallen over the last decade. However, the rate of reduction has been much slower than that in urban districts and, as a result, the differences between rural and urban districts have been largely eliminated over the last decade.
- See the UK indicator on bank accounts.
On most poverty and social exclusion indicators, rural areas have 'better scores' than urban areas. The purpose of the table below is to differentiate between those subjects where rural areas are 'a bit better' and those where rural areas are 'a lot better'. It does so by presenting the rural statistics for the indicator as a proportion of the urban statistics. So, for example, a rural'score' of 6 in the table below means that the rural statistic is around 60% of its urban equivalent.
|Type of district||Average of 2006/07 to 2008/09|
|Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households|
|'Very rural' districts||9||7||7|
|'Mostly rural' districts||7||11||9|
|'Part rural' districts||12||12||11|
For each type of local authority district, the first graph shows the proportion of households without a bank, building society or any other kind of account. The data is split to show households in the poorest fifth of the income distribution and for households on average incomes (middle fifth of the income distribution) separately. As well as bank and building society accounts, the figures also count any savings or investment accounts as well as post office card accounts but do not include stocks and shares, premium bonds, gilts, Save As You Earn arrangements or Credit Unions. Income is household disposable income, equivalised (adjusted) to take account of household composition and is measured after deducting housing costs.
For each type of local authority district, the second graph shows how the proportion of households without a bank, building society or any other kind of account has changed over time. The data is for all households.
Level of the data
Lower tier local authorities (districts), as classified by the DEFRA 2009 classification system. Both the DEFRA classification rules and their results by local authority can be found on the page on rural/urban classification systems.
Family Resources Survey, DWP.
|Type of district||Proportion of households without an account|
|Average of 1996/97 to 1998/99||Average of 2006/07 to 2008/09|
|Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households||Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households|
|'Very rural' districts||15%||2%||5%||5%||2%||3%|
|'Mostly rural' districts||13%||2%||5%||4%||3%||3%|
|'Part rural' districts||16%||3%||5%||7%||4%||4%|


Universal Network Objects (UNO)
From Apache OpenOffice Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
OpenOffice.org provides a programming interface in the form of the Universal Network Objects (UNO). This is an object-oriented programming interface which OpenOffice.org sub-divides into various objects which for their part ensure program-controlled access to the Office package.
Since OpenOffice.org Basic is a procedural programming language, several linguistic constructs have had to be added to it which enable the use of UNO.
To use a Universal Network Object in OpenOffice.org Basic, you will need a variable declaration for the associated object. The declaration is made using the Dim instruction (see The Language of OpenOffice.org Basic). The Object type designation should be used to declare an object variable:
Dim Obj As Object
The call declares an object variable named Obj.
The object variable created must then be initialized so that it can be used. This can be done using the createUnoService function:
Obj = createUnoService("com.sun.star.frame.Desktop")
This call assigns to the Obj variable a reference to the newly created object. com.sun.star.frame.Desktop resembles an object type; however in UNO terminology it is called a service rather than a type. In accordance with UNO philosophy, an Obj is described as a reference to an object which supports the com.sun.star.frame.Desktop service. The service term used in OpenOffice.org Basic therefore corresponds to the type and class terms used in other programming languages.
There is, however, one main difference: a Universal Network Object may support several services at the same time. Some UNO services in turn support other services so that, through one object, you are provided with a whole range of services. For example, that the aforementioned object, which is based on the com.sun.star.frame.Desktop service, can also include other services for loading documents and for ending the program.
Documentation note.png VBA : Whereas the structure of an object in VBA is defined by the class to which it belongs, in OpenOffice.org Basic the structure is defined through the services which it supports. A VBA object is always assigned to precisely one single class. A OpenOffice.org Basic object can, however, support several services.
Personal tools


What Does Biased Mean?
What is meant by being biased?
Is bias good or bad?
Bias is neither inherently good nor bad. Biases can clearly come with upsides—they improve decision-making efficiency. … Biases are the leanings we have when it comes to making judgments.
What does biased mean in statistics?
A statistic is biased if it is calculated in such a way that it is systematically different from the population parameter being estimated. … Selection bias involves individuals being more likely to be selected for study than others, biasing the sample.
Why is bias not good?
Why Is bias a problem?
A problem of bias occurs because to identify the relevant features for such purposes, we must use general views about what is relevant; but some of our general views are biased, both in the sense of being unwarranted inclinations and in the sense that they are one of many viable perspectives.
What are the 3 types of bias?
What is an example of biased?
Bias means that a person prefers an idea and possibly does not give equal chance to a different idea. … Facts or opinions that do not support the point of view in a biased article would be excluded. For example, an article biased toward riding a motorcycle would show facts about the good gas mileage, fun, and agility.
What is bias in simple words?
What are some biased words?
Examples of Biased LanguageBiased LanguageAlternativesHe has had the physical handicap since he was 5 years old.He has had the physical impairment since he was 5 years old.There are many elderly people in our town.There are many senior citizens (or seniors) in our town.1 more row•Jul 17, 2019
Why should you avoid bias?
How do you use the word bias?
Bias in a Sentence 🔉After a long court battle, the firm was found guilty of showing bias against females in its promotion practices. … Your bias against male nannies is causing you to ignore the best caregiving option for your infant. … As a judge, Mary cannot let her personal bias lead her to make an unfair ruling.More items…
How is bias created?
What is bias mean in English?
(Entry 1 of 4) 1a : an inclination of temperament or outlook especially : a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment : prejudice. b : an instance of such prejudice. c : bent, tendency.
What is a biased sentence?
The definition of biased is unfairly showing favoritism towards something or someone. If you favored one of the candidates going into a contest over the other, this is an example of when you were biased. … Marked by or exhibiting bias; prejudiced. Gave a biased account of the trial.
What does biased love mean?
The tendency to judge in favor of people and symbols we like is called the bias from liking or loving. We are more likely to ignore faults and comply with wishes of our friends or lovers rather than random strangers. We favor people, products, and actions associated with our favorite celebrities.
What is biased writing?
What are some common biases?


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from Dive into HTML5: Cache Manifest: Fallback section
/ /offline.html
i dont understand from the URL given what this block of code exactly does. does the fallback section mean when anything is not found, show the offline.html page
then network: * all resources will be cached? it says also
It uses common CSS, JavaScript, and images on each page. Each of these resources would need to be listed explicitly in the CACHE
this seems to conflict to network: * where it seems to say cache everything?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 12 down vote accepted
There are three types of headings in a cache manifest, CACHE, NETWORK and FALLBACK. Anything that is not under a heading is implicitly set under CACHE. An explanation of each section:
CACHE: Files under this heading will be cached.
NETWORK: Files under this heading require an internet connection and so will be NOT be cached.
FALLBACK: Files matched by patterns under this heading (Such as the pattern "/", which matches all files) and have not been cached, will have a fallback file shown instead.
With regards to the block of code from Dive into HTML 5, there is an explanation of the "NETWORK: *" part just under it:
It means that, while you're browsing this hypothetical offline-enabled Wikipedia online, your browser will fetch images and videos and other embedded resources normally, even if they are on a different domain. (This is common in large websites, even if they aren't part of an offline web application. HTML pages are generated and served locally, while images and videos are served from a CDN on another domain.) Without this wildcard flag, our hypothetical offline-enabled Wikipedia would behave strangely when you were online — specifically, it wouldn't load any externally-hosted images or videos!
The following quote:
means that you must include all necessary CSS, Javascript and image files in the manifest under the CACHE heading. It does not conflict with 'NETWORK: *' because the NETWORK heading does NOT mean 'cache everything'. It actually means the opposite: that everything under the NETWORK heading requires an internet connection and should not be cached.
share|improve this answer
I have found out more useful stuff about FALLBACK:
After a bit of experimenting, I tried various things including whether files in FALLBACK: should appear in the CACHE or NETWORK sections at all. The answer seems to be no.
As an example... FALLBACK: sign-up-portrait.png offline-portrait-1.png sign-up-landscape.png offline-landscape-1.png
I specified this in one of my micro sites recently. The intention is to show the sign-uppng files when online and the offlinepng files when offline. This works well. In particular the files on the left side of each line are implicitly as if they were in the NETWORK section, the site will always try to get them online. They must not be added to the NETWORK section as well, otherwise it seems to override what's in FALLBACK. Plus, happily, the files on the right are implicitly as if added in the CACHE: section so even if they are not used at first, they are cached on first load without having to explicitly add them to CACHE: although you can add them there too if you want. It makes no difference.
For this configuration, looking at the webserver logs, I see that each time the page is refreshed, apache logs a 304 against the manifest file and against the sign-uppng file that's required for that version of the page (there's a CSS media selector determining which, based on page size). So it's correctly always checking for the sign-uppng files as well as the usual manifest checking, which is exactly what I want.
For the sake of being thorough, I tried to see if the root file needs to be in the CACHE: section too. It turns out it doesn't! If your top level file is index.html and it has the manifest file specified in its html tag then the manifest file need not contain index.html anywhere, it's implicitly cached.
I am curious how far the app cache can extend. Can you include other html files that are linked to or in iframes? Or do those all need to have their own manifest files that are separate? Anyone care to comment?
A side comment about format, don't make the mistake I did, which is to put in... NETWORK file1.js
Missing the colon causes it to totally break, thinking that NETWORK is a resource in its own right.
It must be... NETWORK: file1.js
share|improve this answer
Thanks for experimenting and coming back to leave the feedback!! I was just about to get started doing the same thing because I didn't understand how the stuff in the Fallback would be cached and if it wasn't explicitly specified somewhere – Kirn Feb 18 '13 at 4:44
Your Answer


Bookmark Commands
Bookmark Commands
The bookmark commands context menu is available when you right-click on the bookmark in the bookmarks toolbar.
Bookmark Notes
1. Bookmark Notes
Bookmark notes allow you to associate a given log entry with a block of free-form text. Depending on the state of the current log entry, the bookmark notes command will either convert the current bookmark or display the already set bookmark notes.
Filter After
2. Filter After
Reads the time of the bookmarked log entry and creates a new Date Filter showing everything which occurred after that time.
Filter Before
3. Filter Before
Reads the time of the bookmarked log entry and creates a new Date Filter showing everything which occurred before that time.
Filter Between
4. Filter Between
When two or more bookmarks are selected this command will determine the start and end time of the underlying log entries and create a new Date Filter showing everything which occurred between the selected times.
Calculate Elapsed
5. Calculate Elapsed
Calculates the amount of time that has elapsed between the two selected bookmarks.
Compare Log Entries
6. Compare Log Entries
If you have configured LogViewPlus to use a compare tool (like WinMerge) the Compare Log Entries command will open the log entries of the two selected bookmarks using your configured tool. This is helpful for quickly determining the difference between two bookmarked log entries.
7. Copy
The copy commands are used to copy data to the Windows clipboard. You can either copy the full log entry as it was originally written or you can copy a particular cell within the grid. Copying cells is particularly helpful if you intend to create a text filter from the cell data.
8. Find
Finds the currently selected. This action is the same as double-clicking on the bookmark.
9. Delete
Permanently deletes the currently selected bookmark. Any notes associated with the bookmark will also be deleted.
10. Export
Saves all current bookmarks to a log file in your Windows Temp directory. This log file is then opened in LogViewPlus using a predefined pattern. This is helpful when you want to quickly view all log entries associated with your bookmarks. It can also be helpful if you need to remember the bookmarks you have created.
Show Bookmarked
11. Show Bookmarked
The show bookmark detail command opens the docked bookmark view.
< >


green design, eco design, sustainable design, paper art, Michael Velliquette, One From Many From One, Caestecker Art Gallery, Paper sculptures
Unlike other artists who work with paper, Velliquette's cuts and curves are more spontaneous, allowing the placement of each piece to dictate his next move. One would hardly guess the method to this madness is not carefully calculated, as each finished piece seems almost perfectly placed, but Velliquette prefers each color and shape to inspire the next.
Using archival card stock in a rainbow of colors, Velliquette relies only on his meticulous cuts to transform the flat sheets of paper into textural components for his sculptures. Fine snips create furry, feather-like elements that the artist uses as ornamental details and longer pieces sprout out like whiskers from his mask-like sculptures. Short fringe is used to create husky texture, reminiscent of bark or rough fur. Velliquette also suggests volume, simply by curling contrasting colors of paper and arranging them in a line, which the viewer's eyes seamlessly blend together, even though the actual mass is lacking.
Bending, folding, and rolling create visual trompe l'oiels that make each fleck of paper seem to be more than the delicate medium it is. Velliquette's fine-tuned techniques transform normal paper into iconic deities and statuettes that appear rich and weighty.
+ Michael Velliquette
Via Frame Mag


text:
Vol MMXIII, No 20
January 20, 1925
Ma Ferguson Sworn in as Governor of Texas
Born This Date
Anson Jones, future President of Texas born
NEW HAVEN CT
On this date in 1789, Future President of the Republic of Texas was born in Massachusetts. He would go on to serve as President of the Republic of Texas. In 1858, following a political defeat, Jones shot himself at the Rice Hotel in Houston.
Ma Ferguson Sworn In
On this date in 1925, Miriam A Ferguson (Ma Ferguson) was swown in as Texas first woman Governor.
Texas first Public Library opens in Galveston
On this date in 1871, the first public library in Texas was opened in Galveston.
George Bush inaugurated at 41st President
On this date in 1989, George W Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States.
During his term, the Gulf War was fought, the Soviet Union collapsed, the Americans with Disabilities Act went into law, and the technology which was the Internet was passed from government hands into the private sector, giving rise to the World Wide Web.


Distributed Block - View: Magazine: Latest Cover
cover of August 8, 2015 issue
Crime-solving camera
Quick-change trick allows a digital camera to photograph blood concealed by paint
11:00am, August 31, 2012
 A digital camera fitted with the right filters, like the one shown here, can detect only infrared light. The crime-fighting trick can reveal bloodstains hidden behind layers of paint.
Criminals can't hide their crimes with paint anymore, thanks to a lighting trick and an ordinary camera.
In July, scientists reported that a standard digital camera can photograph blood even when it's hidden behind many layers of paint. All it takes are some small adjustments to the camera to turn it into a crime-fighting tool.
In an investigation, blood found at the scene of a crime is powerful evidence. It may contain DNA, which can be used to identify victims and criminals. DNA is the genetic material found inside almost every living cell. Like your fingerprints, your DNA is unique to you.
Glenn Porter, a scientist at the University of Western Sydney in Australia, worked on the new study and is an expert in forensic photography. Forensics uses technology and scientific analysis to uncover information useful in investigating a crime. Porter used to be a photographer for the Australian Federal Police. He told Science News that his team's new photographic finding might be useful, especially in the investigation of crimes that happened long ago.
"We hope it gives law enforcement the ability to go on hunches," he said. If investigators get suspicious about a cover-up, they can use an adjusted digital camera to take a photo of the area in question. That might come in handy for past crimes where the evidence trail appears to have gone cold. Most importantly, he notes, investigators can use this technique before gathering more evidence in ways that damage the property, such as scraping off paint or taking out a wall.
To turn a standard digital camera into a crime-fighting tool, investigators need the right filters. A filter attaches to a camera's lens and limits the light let in. To see behind paint, a camera needs to be outfitted with filters that admit only infrared light.
Light travels as waves. The wavelengths of infrared light are slightly longer than those of red light. (A wavelength is the distance from the top of one wave to the top of the next.) Those longer wavelengths give infrared light the ability to pass through paint, something visible light can't do. Human eyes can't see infrared, but cameras can — with the right filters.
Porter and his colleagues installed filters so the camera could detect infrared light, which is blocked in ordinary digital cameras. They put small drops of horse blood mixed with water on a board painted white. After allowing the blood to dry, the scientists painted over it. They tested several different colors and three different kinds of white paint.
Beneath two layers of black paint, the blood was invisible to human eyes. But not to the camera. Porter and his colleagues reported that the blood showed through six layers of black paint when photographed with the camera viewing the infrared light. Six layers of red couldn't hide the stains from the camera. Purple, orange, blue, yellow and green paint also failed to fool the camera. But two layers of white acrylic paint did manage to conceal the drops from the camera.
The new technique borrows on one that art experts have been using since the 1930s. They photograph paintings in infrared light to hunt for drawings that might be hidden beneath the surface. Drawings made with charcoal show up particularly well because the carbon in charcoal is good at absorbing infrared light.
Power Words
acrylic A common type of fast-drying paint.
infrared light Light that has a wavelength somewhat longer than the red end of the visible light spectrum but that is shorter than microwaves.
forensics The application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.
lens The light-gathering part of a camera
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At a given step, the parameter space can be pruned most by resolving the variable with the largest constrained set.
Application of the third observation, in a search algorithm results in greedy pruning of the parameter space. We note that greedy pruning is only optimal for a given step of the algorithm and is not guaranteed to result in the optimal reduction of the overall complexity of the search.
We now make a final remark before presenting the search algorithm. In particular, we have observed that finding constrained sets for each variable in each step of the algorithm can be somewhat time consuming. A very effective alternative is to first sort matrix, column-wise, in descending order of the number of's in each column. Setting the "most important" head variable (with the highest ) to is likely to result in the largest constrained set (because it potentially overlaps with many other variables) and hence, many variables will be resolved in the next recursion. We will refer to the approach based on finding the largest constrained set as the greedy pruning strategy and to the alterative approach as the sorted pruning search strategy.
The greedy pruning search strategy is shown in Figure 1, which with appropriate modifications can also represent the sorted pruning variation.Let denote the problem of size whose input is an receiver-packet incidence matrix and whose output is a set of solutions of the form of length which satisfy the instantaneous decodability condition. The algorithms can be described as shown in Algorithm 1.
Algorithm 1: Recursive search for the optimal solution(s) of (4).
() Start with the original problem of size.
() if sorted pruning strategy is desired then
() Rearrange the variables inin descending order of packet importance (number of's in each column).
() end if
Return (since the variable is not constrained).
if greedy pruning strategy is desired then
Determine the constrained set for all variables to.
Denote the index of the variable with the largest constrained set by and the cardinality of its constrained
set by.
(13) Determine the constrained set for the head variablewith cardinalityand also the set of unconstrained
variables (Note that we have overused index 1 to refer to the head variable in the reordered matrix at each
(15) Denote the cardinality of the unconstrained setby.
(16) Set all the unconstrained variables to 1.
(17) Setand the variables in its corresponding constrained setto 0.
(18) Reduce the problem by removing resolved variables. Reduceaccordingly.
(19) Solve(Note thatunconstrained variables are set to one,andvariables constrained by
are set to zero, hence a total ofvariables are resolved.).
(20) Combine the solution with previously resolved variables. Save solution.
(22) Reduce the problem by removing resolved variables. Reduceaccordingly.
(23) Solve(Note thatunconstrained variables are set to one and, hence a total ofvariables
(24) Combine the solution with previously resolved variables. Return solution(s).
(25) end if
In the appendix, we prove by structural induction that Algorithm 1 is guaranteed to return all optimal solutions of (4). However, we note that not every solution returned by Algorithm 1 is optimal. The nonoptimal solutions can be easily discarded by testing against the objective function (4) at the end of the algorithm. We also note that in Algorithm 1, we can simply remove those packets received by every receiver from the problem. If there are such variables, we can start step above from instead of. The Matlab code for both the greedy and sorted pruning algorithms can be found at _URL_
We conclude this section by a brief note on the computational complexity of Algorithm 1. Let us denote the number of recursions required to solve the problem of size by. According to Algorithm 1, this problem is always broken into two smaller problems of size and. Therefore, one can find the number of recursions required to solve by recursively computing. The recursion stops when one reaches a problem of size 1 (only one packet to transmit) where.
4. Adaptive Network Coding in the Presence of Erasure Memory
Here, we present a generalization of the set packing approach for coded transmission in erasure channels with memory. The idea is that the importance of a packet is no longer determined by how many receivers need, but by the probability that will be successfully decoded by the receivers that need it. In computing this probability, one can use the fact that successive channel erasures in a link are usually correlated with each other and hence, their history can be used to make predictions about whether a receiver is going to experience erasure or not in the next time slot. To present the idea, we focus on the GEC model for representing channel erasures. More general memory models for erasure can also be incorporated into our framework.
We define the reward of sending a packet to receiver as the probability of successful reception by in the next time slot:, where is the state of in the previous transmission round (Statements like "state of " should be interpreted as the state of the physical link connecting the source to.). The total reward or importance of sending packet is then
The above weight vector gives higher priority to a packet for which there is a higher chance of successful reception, because the receivers that need are more likely to be in good state in the next time slot. With this newly defined weight vector, one can try to solve the optimization problem given in (4) under the same instantaneous decodability condition.
We conclude this section by emphasizing that the optimization framework in (4) is very flexible in accommodating other possibilities for the weight vector, which can be appropriately determined based on the application. For example, instead of allocating the same weight to a packet needed by a subset of receivers, one can allocate different weights to the same packet (looking column-wise at ) depending on the priorities or demands of each user. In the map update example described in the Introduction, different emergency units can adaptively flag to the base station different parts of the map as more or less important depending on their distance from a certain disaster zone. The task of the base station is then to send a packet combination that satisfies the largest total priority. One can also combine user-dependent packet weights with the channel state prediction outcomes in a GEC. One possibility is to multiply the probabilities by the receiver priority. It could then turn out that although a receiver is more likely to be in erasure in the next transmission round, it may be served because of a high priority request.
5. Heuristic Search Algorithms
In Section 3.2, we proposed efficient search algorithms for finding the optimal solution(s) of (4). However, there may be situations where one would like to obtain a (possibly suboptimal) solution much more quickly. This may be the case, for example, when the total number of packets to be transmitted is very large. Therefore, designing efficient heuristic algorithms to complement the optimal search is important. In this section, we propose a number of such heuristics.
5.1. Heuristic 1—Weight Sorted Heuristic Algorithm
The idea behind this recursive algorithm is very simple. As in Algorithm 1, we start with the original problem of size. We then rearrange the columns of the matrix in descending order of (starting from the packet with the highest weight). Note that this is different from the sorted pruning version of the Algorithm 1, in which the columns of were sorted in descending order of to potentially result in large constrained sets. We then set the head variable and find its corresponding constrained set to resolve variables that are to be set to zero. We then solve the smaller problem of size and continue until the problem cannot be further reduced. One main difference between Heuristic 1 and Algorithm 1 is that at each recursion, the head variable is only set to one; the other possibility of is not pursued at all. In a sense, this heuristic algorithm finds greedy solutions to the problem at each recursion by serving the highest priority packet. In this heuristic algorithm, all unconstrained variables are naturally set to 1 in the course of the algorithm. The computational complexity of this method is at worst proportional to, which can happen when there is no constraint between packets.
5.2. Heuristic 2—Search Algorithm 1 with Maximum Recursions/Elapsed Time
It is possible to terminate the recursive search Algorithm 1 prematurely once it reaches a maximum number of allowed recursions/elapsed time. If the algorithm reaches this value and the search is not complete, it performs a termination procedure whereby it heuristically resolves the remaining unresolved packets in the current incomplete solution. That is, it performs Heuristic 1 on a smaller problem, which is yet to be solved. It then returns the best solution that has been found so far. We note that due the extra termination procedure, the actual number of recursions/elapsed time can be (slightly) higher than the preset value.
Two comments are in order here. Firstly, Algorithm 1 is designed to sort the matrix based on the number of receivers that need a packet. It only reverts to sorting the unresolved variables based on the vector in the termination process. Secondly, if the maximum number of recursions is set to one, Algorithm 1 just performs the termination process and becomes identical to Heuristic 1.
5.3. Heuristic 3—Dynamic Number of Recursions
This heuristic is based on Heuristic 2, where we dynamically increase the number of allowed recursions as needed. At each transmission round, we start with only one allowed recursion (effectively run Heuristic 1). If the throughput (Let denote the index of receivers that still need at least one packet and denote such receivers. The achieved throughput at time slot is defined as, where is the found solution and


Astro-WISE Environment
image0 image1 image2 image3 image4 image5
and coordinated by OmegaCEN-NOVA. AWE was conceived as the solution to handle the vast amounts of astronomical data generated by all-sky surveys, particularly those to be observed with OmegaCAM on the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) on Cerro Paranal in Chile.
This tutorial will give you an introduction to the Astro-WISE environment in about 3 hours. It starts from the level of a completely new user who has never logged in but has an Astro-WISE account. This tutorial consists of exercises to be done primarily from the awe-prompt or notebook.
First follow the steps in HOW-TO Get started to setup your environment.
The tutorial consists of the following topics (links to iPython notebooks):
 1. The awe-prompt basics
 2. Basic calibration tasks
 3. Astrometry
 4. Photometry
 5. Working with SourceLists
 6. DataMining
 7. Galaxy surface brightness analysis
 8. Astro-WISE and Virtual Observatory interoperability
Topics sometimes depend on the results derived in earlier topics. The tutorial is by no means comprehensive or exhaustive. The exercises are very basic and many topics are not discussed at all. To get a more in-depth and comprehensive presentation of the Astro-WISE environment we refer to the HOWTOs and the Manual.
API documentation


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20 Spring Crafts and Activities for Kids
Written by Jen Betterley
A favorite Montessori classroom lesson for children, this flower-arranging activity featured on Modern Parents Messy Kids is perfect for a little bit of "edutainment" while gathering your garden's spring blooms!
To get started, simply head outside with a basket to gather flowers or foliage and have a tray waiting inside with the following included: scissors, a small vase or two, a small water pitcher or cup, and a doily or two for a little extra decorative flair. Be sure to check out the rest of this post for four additional "introductory activities for the Montessori newbie." Lots of easy and neat ideas for plenty of learning fun at home!


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In today's episode, Corrie and Alan Thetford (founders of Building Wise Families and Connected Families Certified Parent Coaches) join Stacy Bellward (podcast host) to discuss how to help our children want to calm down when they are experiencing big emotions. The conversation explores what's going on in us as parents when we try to make our child calm down, the role of empathy in supporting our child's big emotions, and what's going on beneath the surface of our child's big outburst.
In this podcast, you'll discover:
- what's happening in your child's brain and body that makes them not want to calm down
- how your good intentions to make your child stop or take a break during a meltdown can actually escalate emotions
- empathy's role in helping your child feel understood and able to move through big emotions so they want to calm
- why something small is often the trigger for your child's cascade of emotion
We hope that you have been encouraged by today's podcast, and we look forward to getting to know you. Please check out our website, and don't forget to reach out if you need help. It is a joy to be able to walk with you as you parent your kids in God's grace and truth!
Mentioned in this podcast:
- Discipline That Connects With Your Child's Heart online course
- Connected Families Parent Coaching
- Connected Families Coaching Certification program
- Corrie & Alan Thetford's Podcast – Building Wise Families
Alan and Corrie have four children and are Connected Families Certified Parent Coaches as well as instructors for CF coaches-in-training. They are passionate about multiplying the gospel by helping families transform power struggles and conflicts into opportunities for gospel messages.


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Tax Planning for Small Contractors Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was passed by the House and Senate and signed by the President in December of 2017 with many provisions effective January 1, 2018. One provision is a huge win for construction contractors, particularly those with average revenues between $10,000,000 and $25,000,000. Tax planning just got a lot more interesting and complex for those in that window. The Act changed the definition of a small contractor exempt from the requirement to use the percentage-of-completion method (PCM) for long-term contracts from the pre-Act law, which provided an exception for construction companies with average annual gross receipts of $10 million or less in the preceding three years.
For contracts entered into after Dec. 31, 2017, the exception for small construction contracts from the requirement to use the PCM is expanded to apply to contracts for the construction or improvement of real property if the contract:
- is expected (at the time such contract is entered into) to be completed within two years of commencement of the contract and
- is performed by a taxpayer that (for the tax year in which the contract was entered into) meets the $25 million gross receipts test.
This is a benefit for those contractors that exceeded the $10,000,000 threshold previously and lost the ability to utilize a more beneficial method of recognizing revenues. Some of the available options for small contractors, include:
- Cash Method – The cash method of accounting can be used as an overall method of accounting and to account for long-term contracts. Income is recognized when cash is actually or constructively received, and expenses are generally deductible when paid.
- Accrual Method – The accrual method can be used for both an overall method of accounting and for long-term contracts. Income under the accrual method is generally recognized when the payment is received, payment is due, or payment is earned, whichever occurs first.
- Retentions under the Accrual Method – As a variation to the accrual method of accounting, a contractor can elect to exclude this retention from income until received or billable under the contract.
- Completed Contract Method – The completed contract method of accounting suspends both revenue and job costs until the completion of the job. The effect is to defer the contracts gross profit from inception until the contract is completed.
- Percentage of Completion Method (PCM) – Although not required, the small contractor has the option, like a large contractor, to use the percentage-of-completion method (PCM) of accounting for long-term contracts under §460(b).
For contractors between $10,000,000 and $25,000,000, the first step is to communicate with the tax preparer to determine the best available accounting method for long term contracts. The change in the threshold provides a unique opportunity for construction contractors to revert to a method utilized prior to becoming a large contractor, as previously defined. It also provides an opportunity to elect to utilize a different method of accounting if that is more beneficial currently.
Once the best method is determined, contractors should review prior tax filings to determine if any Form 3115 ("Application for Change in Accounting Method") was previously filed. Specifically, contractors should review the tax year in which their average revenues first exceeded $10,000,000 and they were no longer a small contractor. While Form 3115 was not required to change to the percentage of completion method in that year, many construction contractors filed one. If this was the case, Form 3115 will be required again in 2018 in order to change the method of accounting for exempt long-term contracts. If Form 3115 was not filed previously to change the method of accounting for long-term contracts, then the method of exempt long-term contracts will revert to the method in place before becoming a large contractor, and Form 3115 will not be required. It is important to note the use of this PCM exception for small construction contracts is applied on a cutoff basis for all similarly classified contracts. This means the change in method of accounting applies only to contracts entered into after the effective date of the change.
The third step would be to review each of the contracts, both short term and long term, before year end to effectively utilize the accounting methods in place. With the additional flexibility that the Act provides to an increased pool of small contractors, profitable contractors will have the ability to defer significant taxable income to future years. Proper planning can help cash flow by avoiding a large tax burden currently. The 2018 tax year is the year to take advantage of the opportunity!
It is highly recommended that each construction contractor review their financial situation to determine the best accounting method suitable for the specific needs of the company. Each contractor will also need to review prior filings to determine if a change in accounting method was filed in the year $10,000,000 of gross receipts was exceeded. This will be an indicator of whether additional filings will be required for 2018.
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Nicholas L. Shires, CPA is a tax partner with Dannible & McKee, LLP. You may contact him at _PHONE_ or online at _URL_.


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By Swami Harshananda
Digbandhana literally means 'shutting out the evil spirits'.
During the performance of ritualistic worship and acts, especially aimed to fulfill the desires, there is a possibility of obstacles to be created by inimical spirits. These spirits have to be 'locked out' of dik during the ritual. It can be done by chanting certain powerful mantras like the vyāhṛtis of the Gāyatrī or syllables like phaṭ. This is called 'digbandhana' or 'digbandha'.
After the ritual is over, the quarters (or dik) have to be reopened. This is called 'digvimoka'.
Exceptional Usage of Digbandhana
The process may also be used to arrest the movements of those who are likely to harm, like criminals. Such use of extraordinary powers has been recorded in the lives of great saints like Tailaṅga Svāmin (19th century) and Vijayadāsa (CE _PHONE_).
- Dik means quarters.
- The Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Swami Harshananda, Ram Krishna Math, Bangalore