Comparison Between Offshore Structural Engineering Design and Building Design
Comparison Between Offshore Structural Engineering Design and Building Design
Introduction to offshore structural engineering design
Platform diagram
Offshore structural engineering is a relatively new field of engineering concerned, particular mainly in the design and installation of fixed offshore platforms for various purposes. It was in year 1947, when the first steel structure was installed in the middle of ocean of the Gulf of Mexico. It was differ from the conventional structural engineering (building structural engineering) mainly in the problems which have to be considered in the transportation phase of the structure to the offshore construction site, installation method of the structure, the ability of the structure to withstand the specific design loading, mainly the severe environmental loading during its intended life. The primary driving force behind this technology was come from the oil and gas industry, which was one of the largest energy resources industries in the world. This industry needed fixed platform for exploitation of the extensive hydrocarbon which deposited deep below the sea bed. However, the offshore engineering not limited solely to the oil and gas industry, but also for the important applications for the military and navigational purposes.
An offshore structure is usually specified simply as a requirement at a designated offshore site for an operational deck having a prescribed minimum working area and carrying a prescribed minimum weight loading. Normally in oil and gas industry, offshore structures can be categorized into three types based on its function, which are oil drilling platform, processing platform, and living quarter platform. Oil drilling platform usually is the largest and most complicated platform among the three. It contains the machineries and power supply plants needed to perform oil drilling. Processing platform is mainly dealing with the processing of the raw oil and gas materials come from the oil drilling platform, while the living quarter platform provides shell and living facilities for the workers working for the offshore oil drilling. Living quarter platform normally been built nearby the oil drilling platform for the convenience of the mobility of the workers. Despite, sometimes there will be bridges connecting living quarter platform to the oil drilling platform.
For the offshore structural engineering design, environmental loading is one of the most critical issues in compare to building structure. Unlike building structures, offshore structures have to withstand the very strong wind force (wind force in the middle of ocean is much stronger than the wind force acted on the onshore building structures), current and waves, possibly with the hazards from floating ice and earthquakes, and the changes of tides. Besides environmental loading, dead imposed loads of the platform have to be considered in detail during the design phase. The operating load is very critical to be considered particular in designing oil drilling platform. The oil drilling machine will produce a very large impact on the platform during its operation. In addition, the design process has to consider the installation method and transportation of the structure to the offshore construction site. Due to the location of the construction site, which is in the middle of the ocean, there are many factors needed to be considered in the platform design, for example, method of transporting the platform and jacket to the construction site, weather condition, wave and current, method of installation, and method of conducting piling foundation.
Loading factor
Before proposed offshore structure design can be analyzed, it is necessary to have quantitative estimates of all significant loadings that the structure is likely to be experienced and withstand mainly environmental loadings and dead loads.
During the storm conditions, overwater wind is significant in the design of offshore structures because of the very large forces it induced on the upper exposed parts of the structures, which is the platform. Wind speed during the hurricane conditions can exceed 100mph, which can cause 100kips or more of horizontal forces on a platform structure.
Surface waves during storm condition are also of major importance in the design of offshore structures because of the large forces produced by the water motion on the submerged parts of the structure, which are the jacket legs. Wave height is the difference between maximum and minimum elevations of the water surface. During storm condition, the wave height can exceed 50ft, with associated water motion, it can induce horizontal forces of few hundred kips or more on an offshore structure.
Currents can contribute significant impact to the total forces exerted on the submerged parts of the structure. Currents generally refer to the motion of water that arises from sources other than surface waves. There are 4 types of currents:
1. Tidal currents = Currents which arise from astronomical forces exerted on the water surface.
2. Wind drift currents = Currents from the drag of the local wind on the water surface.
3. River currents = Currents from the discharge of the rivers
4. Ocean currents = Currents from the drag of large-scale wind systems on the ocean
During the storm conditions, currents of the ocean at the water surface can exceed 2ft/sec or more, which can contribute rise to the horizontal structural forces about 10% or more, of the wave induced forces.
Wind force
The wind force exerted on a structure depends on the size and shape of the structural members in the path of the wind, but more importantly, it depends on the speed of the wind blowing. The greatest wind speed at a particular site can be estimated from the analysis of local daily weather records. However, because of the fluctuations of wind speed over any measuring time, such records necessarily consider averaged wind speed measurement over a finite of time. For general structural design purposes, 50-year recurrence interval is used, but for offshore structures, to avoid the possibility of unusually high loss of life and property in extreme condition, 100-year interval is normally been used. Table below shows that 100-year return period of wind speed assumed (referenced to 10.0m above MSL) in construction of BLB wellhead platform which located in the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA).
(m/s) Direction
1-hr mean 20.0 19.8 19.0 14.5 18.4 17.4 17.0 16.0 20.2
1-min mean 23.6 23.3 22.4 17.1 21.7 20.5 20.0 18.8 23.8
3-sec gust 26.6 26.4 25.3 19.4 24.5 23.1 22.6 21.3 26.9
The wind speed assumed for offshore structures design is normally about 10% greater than those nearby coastal stations, which act as a station to measure the wind speed of the particular area, for conservative purpose.
However, wind speed varies with height above MSL. Therefore, it is necessarily to calculate the wind speed in different height. For BLB wellhead platform design, the formula for calculating the wind speed at different height is based on the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard.
VH = VR x [ 1 + C x ln (H/HR) ]
C = 5.73 x 10-2 x ( 1 + 0.0457 x VR )1/2
VH = Wind velocity at specific height (m/s)
VR = Wind velocity at reference height usually 10m above MSL (m/s)
HR = Reference height, usually 10m above MSL (m)
H = Height above MSL (m)
Wind force


text: Xylem and phloem are the two main conveyance systems in plants allowing exchanges of water and carbohydrates between roots and leaves. While each system has been studied in isolation for well over a century, the coupling and coordination between them remains the subject of inquiry and active research and frames the scope of the review here. Using a set of balance equations, hazards of bubble formation and their role in shaping xylem pressure and its corollary impact on phloem pressure and sugar transport are featured. The behavior of an isolated and freely floating air bubble within the xylem is first analyzed so as to introduce key principles such as the Helmholtz free energy and its links to embryonic bubble sizes. These principles are extended by considering bubbles filled with water vapor and air arising from air seeding. Using this framework, key results about stability and hazards of bubbles in contact with xylem walls are discussed. A chemical equilibrium between phloem and xylem systems is then introduced to link xylem and osmotic pressures. The consequences of such a link for sugar concentration needed to sustain efficient phloem transport by osmosis in the loading zone is presented. Catastrophic cases where phloem dysfunction occurs are analyzed in terms of xylem function and its vulnerability to cavitation. A link between operating pressures in the soil system bounded by field capacity and wilting points and maintenance of phloem functioning are discussed as conjectures to be tested in the future.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Research structures and the "web of prevention": ethical implications for insufficient environments
Bezuidenhout, Louise Martha
Medicine, Conflict and Survival
The dual-use potential of scientific research refers to the possibility that any beneficial scientific research may be misused for nefarious purposes by a third party. This potential within the life sciences has led to much discussion regarding ways to raise awareness and limit possible harm. The concept of a "web of prevention" as a multifaceted system for dealing this potential provides a comprehensive method of conceptualising a system of controls in the life sciences. The "web of prevention" involves multiple stakeholders, from diverse backgrounds such as science, public health, security studies and governance.


Instructions to murder
First, some about these two hunting (murder) forms
Hunting is and will continue to be murder!
For more…at:
My best regards, Venus
Australia: good news!
The number of Australians leaving meat off their plate continues to climb, according to a new report by independent research company Roy Morgan.
The report found that 2.5 million Australians, or 12.1 percent of the population, now eat food that is all "or almost all" vegetarian, up from 2.2 million in 2014.
Why are Australians ditching meat?
A previous study from Roy Morgan released found nearly half of Australians are eating less red meat, which has been linked to an increased risk for health conditions such as heart disease and certain forms of cancer.
Earlier this month, a demonstration in Melbourne involving more than 100 individuals taking to the streets to urge others to watch the 2018 documentary "Dominion" made headlines worldwide.
For more…at:
"True human culture only exists when not only cannibalism, but every kind of meat consumption is considered cannibalism" (Wilhelm Busch)
My best regards, Venus


Packaging Component
d_packaging component (compare with d_Component and d_Package)
A Packaging Component is an element that appears very similar to a Component in a diagram but behaves as a Package in the Project Browser (that is, it can be version controlled and can contain other Packages and elements). It is typically used in Component diagrams.
In the Project Browser, the three elements display as shown below:
The Component element cannot contain child Packages or Packaging Components.
Toolbox Icon


text:
Abdominal Incision: Vertical Midline
The lower abdominal midline incision should be employed if optimal exposure is desired. It is generally thought to be faster and easier to perform in the case of an emergency classical cesarean section. It can be easily extended to afford exposure of the entire peritoneal cavity. It will generally produce less blood loss than the Pfannenstiel because no large perforating vessels need be divided. The midline is relatively avascular. The disadvantages of the midline begin as the surgery ends with longer time for wound closure, higher rates of wound breakdown and hernia formation.
- Vertical Incision
- Lower abdominal midline
- Generally faster
- Better exposure
- Easy to extend if needed
- Less blood loss
- Poorer healing
Classical cesarean accounts for only 1% of cesarean sections. It is reserved for those rare instances when a lower segment incision is impossible or contraindicated. These circumstances may involve fetal factors where the presenting part has not adequately advanced to distend the lower uterine segment. This may occur with prematurity (particularly <30 weeks gestation, footling breech presentation, transverse lie or a combination of these factors. Closure of the incision is more difficult and involves more blood loss due to the thickness of the myometrium in the upper uterine segment. Once a classical cesarean section has been performed, future trial of labour is contraindicated.
- Classical (Vertical)
- Excellent exposure
- Avoids injury to large uterine vessels caused by extension of a transverse incision
- Useful when lower segment is not developed
- Once a (classical) cesarean, always a cesarean
- Thick myometrium means slower entry
- May need to cut through the placenta to access the uterus
- More difficult closure (three layers)
The uterus has a copious blood supply. There are large vessels that anastomose along the lateral borders. For this reason, lateral extension of a transverse incision is likely to cause significant hemorrhage. The classical (midline) incision avoids this complication.
The vertical incision is made in the midline of the body of the uterus cephalad to the bladder reflection. Again successive, superficial cuts with the scalpel are made until the cavity is entered. The incision is then extended with bandage scissors. If a transverse incision has already be made it can easily be converted to a classical by clipping in the midline with bandage scissors, converting to in inverted "T" incision.
Internal Podalic Version
Transverse lie is a bit trickier than simple breech extraction and usually involves grasping the ankles and converting the lie to breech by internal podalic version.
Transverse lie is converted to breech by grasping one or both ankles.
- Try to keep membranes intact if that is an option
- May need tocolysis/uterine relaxation to facilitate manipulation
- Internal podalic version as the assistant applies transabdominal pressure on the head to aid fetal rotation into a breech position
- Avoid hyperextension of the neck
- Do breech extraction
Grasp the baby's ankles and bring the feet into the incision while an external hand pushes the head toward the uterine fundus.
The edges of the uterine incision will be bleeding briskly at this point. Grasp any obvious bleeders with Green Armitage clamps. Identify the angles of the incision and secure them with sutures. The incision itself is closed with three layers of continuous absorbable suture. Additional interrupted sutures can be added. The uterus may be externalized to facilitate exposure and reduce bleeding during closure.
- Exteriorize the uterus
- Close incision in 3 layers or more
- Uterus is thick and will bleed more than with LSCS
- Replace uterus in abdomen, observe for bleeders
- Press hot foments against incision if oozing
- Pressure, patience, platelets, prayer
Closure of a Classical Incision in 3 Layers
A classical incision will be considerably thicker than a lower segment incision. It typically requires three layers and additional figure-of-8 interrupted sutures to secure good hemostasis.


11 Trending Words of 2014
perceptual constancy
the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, colour, or location regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting. The impression tends to conform to the object as it is or is assumed to be, rather than to the actual stimulus. Perceptual constancy is responsible for the ability to identify objects under various conditions, which seem to be "taken into account" during a process of mental reconstitution of the known image. For example, snow appears white in the low illumination of moonlight, as well as in sunlight 800,000 times as bright. Perceptual constancy is reduced by limited experience with the object and by decreasing the number of environmental cues that aid in identification of the object.
Learn more about perceptual constancy with a free trial on
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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text:
Purpose: The use of medical scribes has emerged as a strategy to increase clinic workflow efficiency and reduce physician burnout. While oncology clinics may be ideally suited to scribe integration because of the high burden of documentation, oncology-specific scribe research has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of scribe integration on clinic workflow efficiency and physician satisfaction and quality of life in outpatient oncology clinics.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, concurrent qualitative and quantitative analysis of patient visit durations and survey data for 129 attending physicians affiliated with an academic hospital's cancer center between January 2017 and January 2019. Thirty-three physicians were paired with scribes in each physician's individual clinic or clinics.
Results: In terms of clinic efficiency, physicians with scribes had a 12.1% decrease in their overall average patient visit duration compared with their own time before receiving a scribe (P <.0001) and spent significantly less time completing charts at the end of the day (P =.04). Compared with their peers, oncologists with scribes showed a 10%-20% decrease in the duration of all patient visits. Scribes also contributed to patient care, as shown by 90% of physicians surveyed who strongly agreed that they spent less time at the computer and more time with patients; 100% of physicians surveyed strongly agreed that scribes improved their quality of life.
Conclusion: The integration of medical scribes into oncology clinics across several oncologic disciplines has the potential to reduce burnout through increasing physician satisfaction and quality of life, improving patient care, and streamlining clinic workflow.


analytic spectrum
The concept of analytic spectrum is a realization of the concept of spectrum (geometry) in the context of non-archimedean analytic geometry. Given an affinoid algebra AA over a non-archimedean field, then the concept of spectrum of a commutative ring whose points are prime ideals/maximal ideals does not produce a sensible space that admits analytic geometry. Rather, instead of regarding points of the spectrum as ring homomorphisms to AA \to \mathbb{R}, the analytic spectrum instead takes points to be multiplicative seminorms ||:A 0{\vert -\vert} \colon A \to \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0} bounded by the norm on the given field.
If Spec an(A)Spec_{an}(A) is the set of all such multiplicative seminorms, then for xSpec an(A)x \in Spec_{an}(A) a point one writes the corresponding seminorm as || x{\vert - \vert}_x and thinks of it as being the norm on the function algebra on Spec(A)Spec(A) which is given by "evaluating functions at xx and then applying the field norm to that".
One turns this Spec an(A)Spec_{an}(A) into a topological space in the usual way by choosing the weakest topology such that under this assignment the original elements of AA become continuous function on Spec an(A)Spec_{an}(A).
Globalizing this analytic spectrum construction leads to the concept of Berkovich analytic space.
For AA a normed ring, its analytic spectrum or Berkovich spectrum Spec anASpec_an A is the set of all non-zero multiplicative seminorms on AA, regarded as a topological space when equipped with the weakest topology such that all functions
Spec anA + Spec_{an} A \to \mathbb{R}_+
of the form
x|x(a)| x \mapsto {\vert x(a)\vert}
for aAa \in A are continuous.
If AA is equipped with the structure of a Banach ring, one takes the bounded multiplicative seminorms.
So a point in the analytic spectrum of AA corresponds to a non-zero function
:A {\Vert -\Vert} : A \to \mathbb{R}
to the real numbers, such that for all x,yAx, y \in A
 1. x0{\Vert x \Vert} \geq 0;
 2. xy=xy{\Vert x y \Vert} = {\Vert x \Vert} {\Vert y \Vert};
 3. x+yx+y{\Vert x + y \Vert} \leq {\Vert x \Vert} + {\Vert y \Vert}
and boundedness means that there exists C>0C \gt 0 such that for all xAx \in A
xC|x| A. {\Vert x\Vert} \leq C {\vert x \vert}_A \,.
(e.g. Berkovich 09, def. 1.2.3)
Affine line
For kk a field and k[T]k[T] the polynomial ring over kk in one generator,
𝔸 k:=Spec ank[T] \mathbb{A}_k := Spec_{an} k[T]
is the analytic affine line over kk.
If k=k = \mathbb{C}, then 𝔸 k=\mathbb{A}_k = \mathbb{C} is the ordinary complex plane.
The notion originates in
 - Vladimir Berkovich, Spectral theory and analytic geometry over non-Archimedean fields, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 33, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, (1990) 169 pp.
Expositions and Lecture notes
Introductory exposition of the Berkovich analytic spectrum includes
 - Sarah Brodsky, Non-archimedean geometry, brief lecture notes, 2012 (pdf)
 - Scott Carnahan, Berkovich spaces I (web)
 - Jérôme Poineau, Global analytic geometry, pages 20-23 in EMS newsletter September 2007 (pdf)
 - Frédéric Paugam, section 2.1.4 of Global analytic geometry and the functional equation (2010) (pdf)
 - Vladimir Berkovich, section 1 of Non-archimedean analytic spaces, lectures at the Advanced School on pp-adic Analysis and Applications, ICTP, Trieste, 31 August - 11 September 2009 (pdf)
Last revised on May 6, 2016 at 06:28:55. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.


text:
The current taxation rules increase the complexity of investment structures into Australian infrastructure and property. This increased complexity, together with recent changes in policy by the previous Federal Government (around the thin capitalisation rules and MIT withholding rate), has created an environment of uncertainty for potential foreign investors.
In particular, the Government should immediately:
- Enact the announced changes preventing Australian superannuation funds from holding 20 percent or more of certain trusts.
The original rationale for this rule is no longer applicable and effectively discriminates against Australian superannuation funds compared with non-Australian pension funds and sovereign investors (who are not similarly restricted)
- MITs should still be considered to be undertaking passive activities if a wholly owned subsidiary company is established to undertake active business activities (i.e. allow Taxable Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) subsidiaries to be established).
The announcement that MITs must satisfy an arm's length test in their dealings with associated entities addresses integrity concerns with allowing MITs to establish a Taxable REIT subsidiary. This should prevent profits being stripped from the subsidiary company to the MIT, through non-arm's length arrangements. Similar tests have been introduced by other jurisdictions, for example, the United States.
These changes would simplify the structuring of joint venture investments into Australian infrastructure and property and make it easier for foreign investors to understand the commercial and taxation issues arising from such investments. This would promote the objective of encouraging foreign investment and allow partnering with local superannuation funds.


text:
As a futures trader, it is critical to understand exactly what your potential risk and reward will be in monetary terms on any given trade. Use our dt Futures Calculator to quickly establish your potential profit or loss on a futures trade. This easy-to-use tool can be used to help you figure out what you could potentially make or lose on a trade or determine where to place a protective stop-loss order/limit order to capture your profit.
How to use the Futures Calculator
- Select the desired market by clicking the drop-down menu.
- If Bullish/Going Long, type in your entry price (BUY) and exit price (SELL). If Bearish/Going Short, type in your entry price (SELL) and exit price (BUY). (Each market price format is unique, so please refer to the Price Format Example provided in the information section to ensure the correct calculation)
- Enter the number of contracts.
- Click the Calculate button to determine your specific profit or loss in ticks/points and USD$.
Select a Futures Market
|Select a Market Above|
|Price Format Example|
|Minimum Tick Fluctuation/Value||/|
|Delivery Month Symbol Key||Jan=F, Feb=G, Mar=H, Apr=J, May=K, Jun=M, Jul=N, Aug=Q, Sep=U, Oct=V, Nov=X, Dec=Z|
Enter Price Information and Number of Futures Contracts
STOP ORDERS DO NOT NECESSARILY LIMIT YOUR LOSS TO THE STOP PRICE BECAUSE STOP ORDERS, IF THE PRICE IS HIT, BECOME MARKET ORDERS AND, DEPENDING ON MARKET CONDITIONS, THE ACTUAL FILL PRICE CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM THE STOP PRICE. IF A MARKET REACHED ITS DAILY PRICE FLUCTUATION LIMIT, A "LIMIT MOVE", IT MAY BE IMPOSSIBLE TO EXECUTE A STOP LOSS ORDER.


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Define the action of $S_n$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$:
take any $x\in S_n$, consider the mapping $x: \mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^n$, $e_1, e_2...e_n$ are the standard basis of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $x(e_k)=e_{x(k)}$, clearly $x$ is a linear transformation.
How to show that if $x\in S_n$ is a reflection to some vector then $x$ is a transposition?
I can only show that transpositions are reflections, how to show that there are no more?
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2 Answers 2
If $x \in S_n$ defines a reflection of $\mathbb R^n$, then $x$ has order 2, thus it is a product of transpositions. If one of these transpositions is $(1\;2)$ then $e_1$ is mapped to $e_2$ and vice versa. There is only one reflection with this property, namely the reflection at the hyperplane orthogonal to $e_1-e_2$. This reflection leaves all the $e_i$ ($i \neq 1,2$) unchanged, so $x$ is the transposition $(1\;2)$.
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This is a great explanation. OP should accept this :) – Enzo Apr 24 '13 at 5:19
If $p$ is a permutation whose disjoint cycle decomposition is $c_1c_2\cdots c_r$ (including cycles of length $1$), then the multiplicity of $1$ as an eigenvalue of the map induced by $p$ is precisely $r$. It follows that $p$ is a reflection iff there is exactly one cycle of length $2$ and all the rest are of length $1$; of course, this happens exactly when $p$ is a transposition.
Of course, we have to check my initial claim on the multiplicity of $1$.
Consider the matrix $M$ of the map induced by $p$. It is easy to see that, up to permuting the basis, $M$ is in fact a diagonal block matrix, with one block corresponding to each of the cycles $c_i$. The multiplicity of $1$ as an eigenvalue is therefore the sum of the multiplicities of $1$ as eigenvalues of each of the permutation matrices corresponding to the $c_i$. We are thus reduced to showing that if $p$ is the cycle $(1,2,3\dots,n)$, then $1$ is a simple eigenvalue. But this is immediate: the characteristic polynomial, which coincides with the minimal one, is $x^n-1$.
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Your Answer


Constructive notice
Constructive notice,
Definition of Constructive notice:
 1. The law that is required (or required) by law and that one can obtain through general and reasonable research. For example, the buyer of a property (or a property affiliated with a registered or incorporated company) is required to know the legal status of the property (or business) from the documents available for public inspection.
 2. Notice of litigation in newspapers which is considered by law to be an appropriate notice for interested parties. See also actual and implicit information.
How to use Constructive notice in a sentence?
 1. ABC was constructively disappointed to learn that the car had been purchased from shift car dealers, Inc.
 2. You want to make sure you know what the construction review says and what the details are.
 3. The client constructively stated the time of arrival to inspect the property.
Meaning of Constructive notice & Constructive notice Definition


text:
ReadWriteRoll is a system for readers, writers, and roleplayers who love telling stories with friends! It combines familiar d20-style mechanics with story game sensibilities to create a simple system designed around the way stories are constructed.
The core mechanic is simple - roll a d20, add modifiers, and determine if the total is high or low, even or odd. If the total is high, you succeed! If it's low, you fail. If the total is an even number, you narrate your success or failure. If the total is odd, the gamemaster or your opponent gets to describe you success or failure.
The game also uses risk dice, polyhedrals from a d4 to d12 that allow you to influence your level of success or failure. The bigger the die type, the bigger the risk. The bigger the risk, the greater your possible success - and the larger the consequences for failure!
ReadWriteRoll is divided into three sections:
- The first helps you to determine the type of story you want to tell, and allows the gamemaster to put together a setting alone or collaboratively with the rest of the group.
- The second section is character creation, so you can create the protagonists, antagonists, and supporting cast needed to populate your story!
- The final section contains the rules, everything you need to play the game and tell your story!


text: Beth Sholom Synagogue in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania is considered by many critics to be Wright's most expressive building. The structure is anchored to the ground by concrete walls that incorporate the foundation buttresses for the three steel tripod girders which support the steeply inclined walls, allowing the full upper floor freedom from internal supports. The woven walls of the sanctuary are composed of translucent layers of wire glass and plastic with air space between them for insulation. During the day, the interior is lit by natural light entering through the translucent walls overhead. At night, the entire building glows from interior artificial lighting. For this particular activity, we used popsicle sticks covered in foil (to simulate steel) and white clay to create our version of this magnificent structure. When playing with a diverse array of materials, children come across new experiences with each tower, structure, and building they create. At the preschool age, your child is learning to develop sophisticated use of language, stringing sentences together using larger vocabulary and in-depth thought processes. For this activity, your little one was encouraged to use adjectives such as "humongous" and "sturdy," as opposed to simpler words like "big" and "strong." Your budding architect was also asked open-ended questions about their structure, which inspired them to have new ideas, as well as nurture confidence in creativity.


Karen Etheridge > Moose-2.0802 > Moose::Cookbook::Meta::WhyMeta
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Moose::Cookbook::Meta::WhyMeta - Welcome to the meta world (Why Go Meta?)
version 2.0802
You might want to read Moose::Manual::MOP if you haven't done so yet.
If you've ever thought "Moose is great, but I wish it did X differently", then you've gone meta. The meta recipes demonstrate how to change and extend the way Moose works by extending and overriding how the meta classes (Moose::Meta::Class, Moose::Meta::Attribute, etc) work.
The metaclass API is a set of classes that describe classes, roles, attributes, etc. The metaclass API lets you ask questions about a class, like "what attributes does it have?", or "what roles does the class do?"
The metaclass system also lets you make changes to a class, for example by adding new methods or attributes.
The interface presented by Moose.pm (has, with, extends) is just a thin layer of syntactic sugar over the underlying metaclass system.
By extending and changing how this metaclass system works, you can create your own Moose variant.
Let's say that you want to add additional properties to attributes. Specifically, we want to add a "label" property to each attribute, so we can write My::Class->meta()->get_attribute('size')->label(). The first recipe shows how to do this using an attribute trait.
You might also want to add additional properties to your metaclass. For example, if you were writing an ORM based on Moose, you could associate a table name with each class via the class's metaclass object, letting you write My::Class->meta()->table_name().
Many of the MooseX modules on CPAN implement metaclass extensions. A couple good examples include MooseX::Aliases and MooseX::UndefTolerant. For a more complex example see Fey::ORM or Bread::Board::Declare.
syntax highlighting:


Thursday, May 9, 2013
How to change the listening port for the Axway/Vordel API Gateway
[ Update: Axway acquired Vordel in 2012 and the new name for the Vordel Gateway is the Axway API Gateway ]
A common question about the Axway/Vordel API Gateway is "How do you change its listening port?". The key to answering this question is to understand what are the "Services" groups under Policy Studio for the API Gateway:
What are the "Services" groups?
If you look under "Listeners" in Policy Studio, you will see the various "Services" groups. In the screenshot below we see "Default Services", "OAuth 2.0 Services" and "Sample Services". These are a way to group different paths under different ports. So, for example, the sample services are only available under the port which is defined under "Sample Services". And, the sample services can be disabled en masse, without affecting other listeners. You could also setup a new Services group, call it "SSL Only", then put an SSL listener in that group. Then, paths exposed under "SSL Only" could only be accessed using SSL.
Parameterized Ports
If you look at the circled item in the screenshot above, you see that the port number is not visible. Instead, we see an environmentalized parameter. So where is the port number? Notice that the variable starts with "env". This is a clue. It is in the Environmental Properties file.
So, if you look under /conf for the particular API Server instance, you can find the envSettings.props file, which is where this variable is defined. Here we see it below:
Notice the highlighted text. This is where the port is defined, and it's port 8080 at the moment. You can change this value here. And, in fact, you can add other variables here and then reference them in policies, providing environmental customization of the API Gateway [e.g. on another machine, we may use 8888 instead].


Cheque Bounce in UAE and Settlement Procedure
Cheque bounce in UAE is a criminal offense and cheque writer can face a court trial and jail term
Cheque Bounce in UAE and Settlement Procedure
Articles (Gulf Inside) Cheque bounce in UAE is a criminal offense and cheque writer can face a court trial and jail term also can face a travel ban with a bench warrant, drawer of bounced check unable to leave UAE, and cannot enter if already left until settlements.
To know more about the settlement of the bounced Cheque case and how to the removal of the travel ban, you need to follow the below guide.
New Law Cheque Bounce:
According to the UAE Federal Law No-3 of 1987 promulgating the legal code, both criminal, also as civil proceedings, are often initiated against the perpetrator of bounced cheque writer.
What is Cheque Bounce?
A cheque bounce or bounced check may be a cheque presented by the payee and rejected by the drawer bank under below circumstances:
 1. Insufficient funds in the drawer account.
 2. Changed signature on a cheque or refusing it from being paid.
 3. The drawer's checking account was closed before the cheque is presented for payment.
1: The Police Complaint:
To file a complaint about a bounced cheque, the bearer of the cheque should formally open a case with the police station of the respective emirate against the drawer. For registering complaints on the bounced cheque in Dubai, you'll use the Dubai Police app.
After receiving the complaint, the police will contact the issuer of the cheque to notify him/her of the same and request his urgent presence. At the police headquarters, the drawer is allowed to settle the difficulty through paying the complete amount of the bounced cheque. If he/she paid, no further legal proceedings are going to be taken.
If the issuer of the bad cheque doesn't have money to pay, he/she has the proper to request a while to settle the difficulty. Upon such a request, the issuer could also be granted an inexpensive period secured by the deposit of his passport at the police headquarters. However, it highly depends on the cheque amount as in many cases such a guarantee of depositing the passport is rejected by cops if the quantity drawn on the cheque is more than 1 million dirhams or higher.
Point to be noted that cheque bounced may be a criminal offense within the UAE, upon filing the complaint at the police headquarters, a travel ban and bench warrant on the drawer will be issued automatically. Hence, the issuer of the cheque is going to be banned from leaving the country and arrested if he/she tries to flee, or should be detained on arrival in UAE from outside.
Such a travel ban in UAE is often removed only upon settlement of the cheque bounce case, or after serving a sentence.
2: The Public Prosecution:
In case the opponents failed to resolve the cheque bounce case at the police station, the police then transfer the complaint to the public prosecutor in the court.
Based on the evidence presented within the court, the choice might be a bail either by paying the worth of the bounced cheque or by depositing the passport of the defaulter or another guarantor. In case bail was denied, the public prosecutor may order the detention of the drawer until the court hears and decides on the case.
3: The Criminal Court:
The role of the court in UAE is to dive deeper into that bounce check case, opponents' arguments, and available evidence. The court then proceeds to look at whether the crime elements are satisfied or not. The crime elements are the fabric element and therefore the mental element.
Once both of the crime elements are satisfied, and by the authority vested in it within Article 401 of the UAE legal code, the court may decide the sanction of the perpetrator.
This can be confined to a fine assessed solely by the court, supported the conclusion reached and therefore the amount claimed and typically ranging between AED 1,000 and AED 30,000+. The court can also decide the sanction of the perpetrator to be serving a jail term of between 1 year and three years.
4: Civil Court Proceedings:
The criminal court and the civil court function separately but may solve both civil cases and criminal cases. Hence, the sentence issued by the court comes only as a sanction for the act of issuing a bounced cheques with insufficient funds in account or withdrawal all or part of the funds after giving the cheque.
The claimant may present his case to the civil court also to say his right to the disputed amount.
After reaching a conclusion supported the evidence and facts presented by the opponents, the civil court can then demand the issuer of the bounced cheque to pay a sum equal either to the worth of the cheque or its outstanding balance. In case the perpetrator fails again to pay the said amount, his assets could also be attached, and he could also be subjected to a different jail term for failing to comply with the civil court orders.
Read This : Get UAE International Drivers License for just 170 AED
If there are not any pending cases against the bounced cheque writer, once the jail term is completed, he's allowed to gather his impounded passport and may also leave the country.
Writing a Cheque:
If the issuer of a cheque realized that he did a mistake by writing a cheque and there have been sufficient funds, it is often remedied at any stage of the legal proceedings by providing account statements of cheque submission date.
How to Remove Travel Ban:
Travel ban against Bounce cheque can only be removed through settlement or completing the jail term, the important point for the drawer is that he/she shall confirm to retrieve the bad cheque and obtain a clearance paper from his debtor or court upon payment of the disputed amount or completing the jail term.
Henceforth, no further legal proceedings will be initiated, and the UAE travel ban and an arrest warrant will be removed automatically.
Recent Developments in cheque bounce case:
To mitigate the non-payment of bounced cheques, the UAE government has recently introduced new regulations to punish such crimes with fines rather than jail terms. This initiative allows the issuer of the bounced cheque to urge employment opportunities or other such alternatives to be ready to repay his debt rather than getting to jail, subject to the orders of the public prosecutor.
Cheque Bounce Penalty:
As per the order, cases of cheque bounce the amount not exceeding AED 200,000 shall be punished with the following fines:
If the quantity is a smaller amount than AED 50,000 the cheque bounce penalty is going to be AED 2,000.
If the quantity is between AED 50,000 to 100,000 the fine is going to be AED 5,000.
If the amount written in the bounced cheque is from AED 100,000 to 200,000+, the cheque bounce penalty will be AED 10,000+.
Conclusion and extra care:
Cheque bounce in UAE can be associated with numerous reasons including illegal termination by the company, bankruptcy, absconding of the cheque writer, etc. In practice, when the bearer of the bounced cheque filed a complaint with the police, the most viable way to resolve the issue for both parties is to settle it at the police station amicably.
It is advisable that don't allow anyone to use your checkbook, as holders of checkbooks can get in trouble for a cheque bounce in UAE even without signing it. The practical experience shows that there are cases where an individual is often subject to legal liability towards a cheque bounce or bounced check case even it's not signed by him.
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text:
There's nothing quite like flamenco. To newbies, it looks a little like tango, with its elaborate gestures. But then there's the rhythmic clapping, the heavy steps, and the solo guitar playing melancholic songs. Created by the Gitano people of southern Spain of southern Spain, this passionate dance has spread through Europe, Latin America, and even Japan.
But what is the story of flamenco in the United States? How did flamenco come here, and who dances its steps? This is the question posed by Carolina Loyola-Garcia, M.F.A., associate professor of media arts, in her documentary-inprogress, "Inheritors of a Burden." "Flamenco is the one performance form that I fell in love with," says Loyola-Garcia. "It speaks to me on a very raw, internal level."
Loyola-Garcia is an energetic polymath whose creativity is blinding. She has already produced a dozen videos, from traditional documentaries to commissioned works and experimental films. These videos demonstrate an incredible range of vision and intent. "The Other Land" is a dreamy exploration of language and culture, filmed in unnaturally bright colors and starring a creepy mix of mummers and nuns. In contrast, "Pascua Lama" is a straightforward documentary that investigates the gold mining industry in Chile. Many of these projects incorporate both English and Spanish.
But the artist is involved in far more than videograpgy. She has also credited art installations, she has curated art shows, and she has provided video backdrops for Quantum Theatre and other theatrical troupes. Her work has been showcased in film and art exhibitions from Pittsburgh to Spain, Canada, Cuba, and her native Chile. Meanwhile, as an associate professor, Loyola-Garcia teaches video and motion graphics at Robert Morris, as well as classes for Pittsburgh Filmmakers, Carlow College, and Carnegie Mellon University, where she earned her M.F.A. in 2000.
But throught it all, there is flamenco. Loyola-Garcia's love affair goes back to her childhood in Santiago. Her father, an "opera fanatic," took the family to see a performance of Carmen that featured dance sequences modeled on flamenco. Loyola-Garcia was mesmerized. When she was 13, her family took a trip to Spain to visit relatives, and she encountered authentic flamenco for the first time. When she reached college, Loyola-Garcia took dance classes, and the rest is historia. "I got hooked, you know?" she says. "It's not something that I do full-time. It's one of my hobbies. But I'm very much in love with it. It tells the story of oppression, of a people coming together because of the Spanish Inquisition. You can hear the lamentation."
Loyola-Garcia first brewed the idea for a documentary in 2005. The process has been slow, beginning with a trip to New York in 2008, where she began to learn flamenco's complex family tree – instructors, choreographers, performers, and students. "I was casting the documentary, in a way," she recalls. Among the many personalities Loyola-Garcia hopes to introduce to wider audiences is José Greco, an early proponent of flamenco in America. Greco passed away in 2000, but Loyola-Garcia interviewed the dancer's daughter and many of Greco's students and collaborators, hoping to illustrate his powerful legacy.
"Inheritors of a Burden" is characteristically ambitious, and Loyola-Garcia has crossed the country in pursuit of material. Using grants from the Heinz Endowments and the Pittsburgh Foundation, the intrepid producer traveled to Washington, Lancaster, and Philadelphia. Her research took her team as far as Madrid, and she also planned to shoot footage in New York, California, and Florida. But last year she stumbled into a problem: Her sizable grants would not fund her tour of New York, one of flamenco's most important hotspots.
Not to be deterred, Loyola-Garcia turned to Kickstarter, an online fundraising tool for grassroots art projects. She described her project, set a goal of $2,500, and offered rewards for contributions. Investors who pledged $10 would receive free admission to the film's premiere; at the $50 level, investors would receive a "special thanks" film credit and a signed DVD. Loyola-Garcia not only met her goal, she far surpassed it, earning $3,873 from 56 backers in 30 days. Soon after, she traveled with her film crew to New York and filmed hours of interviews and performance. Loyola-Garcia is still actively seeking sponsors to fund her remaining shoots and post-production.
The film's official premiere is planned for December. Loyola-Garcia wants to recut the film in a variety of forms to appeal to a range of viewers and maximize her audience on the festival circuit. "We want to describe the history. We want to show contemporary flamenco artists. And we want to showcase what flamenco is -- what it looks like, what it sounds like," she says. "In the end, it's all very intertwined."
The Power of Flamenco - See a sneak preview of "Inheritors of a Burden," an RMU professor's documentary in the making about Americans who want to preserve the torrid dance of Spain.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)
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Vizhnitz is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager. Vizhnitz is the Yiddish name of Vyzhnytsia, a village in present-day Ukraine.
Followers of the rebbes of Vizhnitz are called Vizhnitzer Hasidim.
History of dynastic leadership[edit]
Menachem Mendel Hager[edit]
Menachem Mendel Hager was born on May 17, 1830 in Kosiv. He was the son of Rabbi Chaim Hager of Kosiv and the son-in-law of Rabbi Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn. He was appointed Rebbe at the age of 24, and soon after he moved to Vyzhnytsia, a small town close to Kosiv. As his reputation grew, so did his followers. He became known and admired for his charitable acts, sincerity in prayer and love for Eretz Yisrael. In his older years he endeavored to emigrate there. He had two sons, Reb Boruch and another, Reb Yaakov Dovid, who died during his lifetime. His son-in-law was the son of Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach of Belz, Reb Shmuel of Sokal. His Torah thoughts were published under the title Tzemach Tzaddik. He died on October 18, 1884 and was buried in Vyzhnytsia. His son Reb Boruch took his place becoming the second Rebbe of Vizhnitz.
Boruch Hager[edit]
Boruch Hager was born in 1845 and was named after Rabbi Boruch of Medzhybizh at the behest of his grandfather, Yisroel Friedman of Ruzhyn. In 1885, aged 40 he inherited the mantle of leadership from his father, Menachem Mendel Hager, and became rebbe to thousands of Hasidim. He led them for only eight years until his death in 1892. His Torah thoughts were collected in Imrei Boruch by his son-in-law. Eight of his sons became rebbes in different locals: His eldest, Reb Yisroel, succeeded him in Vyzhnytsia; Reb Chaim became rebbe in Ottynia; Reb Moshe in Suceava; Reb Shmuel Avrohom Abba in Horodenka; Reb Yaakov Yitzchok Dovid in Storozhynets; Reb Pinchos in Borsha; Reb Feivish in Zelishtshik; Reb Yechiel Michel succeeded his brother in Horodenka. Another son, Reb Sholom, died in his youth. His sons-in-law were Reb Shmuel Dov Chodorov of Petriva; Reb Mordechai Chodorov of Kolomea, who published Imrey Boruch; Reb Sholom Yosef Friedman of Sadigur-Chernovitz.
Yisroel Hager[edit]
Yisroel Hager was born on August 20, 1860. He was the first-born son of Rabbi Boruch Hager. He married the daughter of Rabbi Meir Horowitz of Dzhikov. In 1875 he moved to his father-in-law's house and studied at great length with his brother-in-law Rabbi Yehoshua of Dzikov. Three years later he returned to Vyzhnytsia and became very close to his grandfather, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager. In 1893 he was appointed as rebbe in Vyzhnytsia. The young rebbe invigorated the dynasty and attracted many more followers from the surrounding provinces. He established many Talmud Torahs, and also a yeshiva, to which he appointed his son Rabbi Menachem Mendel as rosh yeshiva. When the World War I broke out he was forced to move to Grosswardein (Oradea). He lived there until his death on 2 June 1936.[1] In 1949, his remains were transferred to Israel and re-interred in Zichron Meir, Bnei Brak.
His sons were Reb Menachem Mendel of Visheve, Reb Chaim Meir (Chayim Meir'l), who inherited his father's position in Grosswardein; Reb Eliezer of Vyzhnytsia; Reb Boruch of Siret; and Reb Shmuel Abba who died young. He also had six daughters.
Chaim Meir Hager[edit]
After the Holocaust, Reb Chaim Meir settled in Bnei Brak, Israel, to build a community there. Disciples from pre-war Europe gathered around him and formed a comprehensive net of educational and communal institutions. He became a spiritual mentor of the Agudas Yisrael party in the Israeli Knesset. Agudas Yisrael won substantial government aid for Bnei Brak and affiliated communities in return for its support in coalition governments.[2]
Reb Chaim Meir had two sons, the older Moshe (Reb Moshelle) and the younger Mordechai (Reb Mottele).[2]
Reb Chaim Meir's sons-in-law include Rabbis Yidele Horowitz, Yitzchok Yaakov Weiss (both were married to Reb Chaim Meir's daughter, Miriam),[3] and Yisrael Friedman (married to Reb Chaim Meir's daughter, Tziporah. Their son is Hoshea Friedman).[4]
Moshe Yehoshua Hager[edit]
Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Hager, was the Vizhnitser Rebbe in Bnei Brak. He died on March 13, 2012 aged 95.[5] He had two sons and four daughters. His elder son is Rabbi Yisroel, named after his great grandfather, the "Ahavas Yisroel"; his other son is Rabbi Menachem Mendel, named after the founding Vizhnitzer Rebbe, author of Tzemach Tzaddik>Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua's sons-in-law are famous rabbis. The eldest daughter married Rabbi David Twersky, the Skverer Rebbe of New Square, NY. One daughter married Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach, the Belzer Rebbe from Jerusalem. One daughter married Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum, the Satmar Rebbe from Kiryas Joel, NY. The youngest daughter married Rabbi Menachem Ernster, the rosh yeshiva of the Vizhnitz Yeshiva in Bnei Brak.[6]
Rabbi Yisroel Hager of Bnei Brak
Merkaz Bnei Brak[edit]
Rabbi Menachem Mendel, some years prior to his father's death, established his own community in Bnei Brak. After their father died both brothers assumed leadership in their own respective courts in harmony and peace just a few streets apart. They join in each other's simchos and with love and respect.
Rabbi Mordechai Hager is the Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Monsey born in 1922.[7][8] He is known for his devotion to learning Torah: he studies 18 hours a day and asks his Chasidim to study at least two hours every day. He has about 5,000 followers internationally.[citation needed] He has 14 children, 8 sons and 6 daughters. His sons serve as leaders of his followers' synagogues, in the United States and internationally. The eldest son, Rabbi Pinches Shulem ztl served the Synagogue in Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York; Rabbi Yisroel serves the Synagogue in Monsey, New York; Rabbi Mendel serves the synagogue in Kiamesha Lake, New York; Rabbi Yitzchok Yochonon serves the Synagogue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The other sons serve internationally: Rabbi Aron in Montreal, Canada; Rabbi Duvid in London, UK; Rabbi Eliezer in Jerusalem, Israel and his youngest son, Rabbi Buroch Shamshon, in Beit Shemesh.
Rabbi Eliezer Hager was the Seret-Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Haifa, Israel. He was a first cousin of the rebbes of Bnei Brak and Monsey. He was the older of two sons of Rebbe Boruch Hager, author of Mekor Baruch, who was a son of the Ahavas Yisroel. Rabbi Menachem Dovid Hager is the Shotz-Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Haifa, Israel; he is a nephew of the Seret-Vizhnitzer Rebbe.
The rabbi died on July 7, 2015. TNZBH
Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok[edit]
Rebbe Shmuel Yaakov Kohn, the Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok Rebbe of Jerusalem, was a student of the late Rebbe Chaim Meir of Vizhnitz, and of Rebbe Moshe Yehoshua of Vizhnitz, and has adopted many of the customs of Vizhnitz.
Vizhnitzer hats[edit]
Vizhnitzer Hasidim are uniquely dressed in that they


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I recently realized that a mixed-model with only subject as a random factor and the other factors as fixed factors is equivalent to an ANOVA when setting the correlational structure of the mixed model to compound symmetry.
Therefore I would like to know what does compound symmetry mean in the context of a mixed (i.e., split-plot) ANOVA, at best explained in plain English.
Besides compound symmetry lme offers other types of correlational structures, such as
corSymm general correlation matrix, with no additional structure.
or different types of spatial correlation.
Therefore, I have the related question on which other types of correlational structures may be advisable to use in the context of designed experiments (with betweenand within-subjects factors)?
It would be great if answers could point to some references for different correlational structures.
share|improve this question
Since it would be hard for me to explain CS in plain English, just a comment: I like chapter 7 "Examining the Multilevel's Error Covariance Structure" in Singer/Willett's (2003) "Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis". It gives a great overview. – Bernd Weiss Sep 2 '11 at 12:18
I'll second the advice of getting a good textbook. Singer/Willett is good; I also like Weiss (2005) "Modeling Longitudinal Data"; chapter 8 "Modeling the Covariance Matrix" has this specific information. – Aaron Sep 2 '11 at 13:16
1 Answer 1
up vote 22 down vote accepted
Compound symmetry is essentially the "exchangeable" correlation structure, except with a specific decomposition for the total variance. For example, if you have mixed model for the subject $i$ in cluster $j$ response, $Y_{ij}$, with only a random intercept by cluster
$$ Y_{ij} = \alpha + \gamma_{j} + \varepsilon_{ij} $$
where $\gamma_{j}$ is the cluster $j$ random effect with variance $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$ and $\varepsilon_{ij}$ is the subject $i$ in cluster $j$ "measurement error" with variance $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$ and $\gamma_{j}, \varepsilon_{ij}$ are independent. This model implicitly specifies the compound symmetry covariance matrix between observations in the same cluster:
$$ {\rm cov}(Y_{ij}, Y_{kj}) = \sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon} \cdot \mathcal{I}(k = i) $$
Note that the compound symmetry assumption implies that the correlation between distinct members of a cluster is $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}/(\sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon})$.
In "plain english" you might say this covariance structure implies that all distinct members of a cluster are equally correlated with each other and the total variation, $\sigma^{2} = \sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$, can be partitioned into the "shared" (within a cluster) component, $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$ and the "unshared" component, $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$.
Edit: To aid understanding in the "plain english" sense, consider an example where individuals are clustered within families so that $Y_{ij}$ denotes the subject $i$ in family $j$ response. In this case the compound symmetry assumption means that the total variation in $Y_{ij}$ can be partitioned into the variation within a family, $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$, and the variation between families, $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$.
share|improve this answer
(+1) Of possible interest also: An introduction to sphericity. – chl Nov 22 '12 at 10:37
I think you mean "where $\gamma_j$ is the cluster $j$ random effect"... What's the bit that goes $I(k=i)$? – Jack Tanner Nov 22 '12 at 13:07
Yes, thank you for the correction, _USER_. – Macro Dec 1 '12 at 20:32
Great answer, _USER_! – Kyle. Dec 1 '12 at 21:18
Thank you Kyle! Btw, _USER_, the $\mathcal{I}(k=i)$ bit was just a compact way of writing that, if you're talking about the same individual, then you have perfect correlation (i.e. the covariance is equal to the total variance); i.e. you have $\sigma_{\varepsilon}^2 + \sigma_{\gamma}^2$ down the diagonal and $\sigma_{\gamma}^2$ everywhere else. Does this clarify? – Macro Dec 1 '12 at 22:56
Your Answer


PowerShell Communicating with RESTful APIs
REST stands for Representational State Transfer (sometimes spelled "ReST"). It relies on a stateless, client-server, cacheable communications protocol and mostly HTTP protocol is used. It is primarily used to build Web services that are lightweight, maintainable, and scalable. A service based on REST is called a RESTful service and the APIs which are being used for it are RESTful APIs. In PowerShell, Invoke-RestMethod is used to deal with them.


Buff-necked Ibis walking on grass
Buff-necked ibis
Buff-necked ibises are a fairly common South American species. As with many ibis species, their call is loud and piercing, and used in raucous duet during courtship.
Scientific name: Theristicus caudatus
Rank: Species
Common names:
White-throated ibis
Watch video clips from past programmes (1 clip)
Map showing the distribution of the Buff-necked ibis taxa
Species range provided by WWF's Wildfinder.
The Buff-necked ibis can be found in a number of locations including: South America. Find out more about these places and what else lives there.
The following habitats are found across the Buff-necked ibis distribution range. Find out more about these environments, what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them.
Additional data source: Animal Diversity Web
Conservation Status
Least Concern
 1. EX - Extinct
 2. EW
 3. CR - Threatened
 4. EN - Threatened
 5. VU - Threatened
 6. NT
 7. LC - Least concern
Year assessed: 2009
Classified by: IUCN 3.1
 1. Life
 2. Animals
 3. Vertebrates
 4. Birds
 5. Storks and long-legged wading birds
 6. Threskiornithidae
 7. Theristicus
 8. Buff-necked ibis


text: Subject: Re: how to ring the bell? From: Erik Naggum Date: 2000/10/05 Newsgroups: comp.lang.lisp Message-ID: * kp gores | to get extra attention i want my lisp program to ring the bell. | the obvious (print (code-char 7)) or (print #\Bell) don'T work. Really? Why is that obvious? What does the obvious print? What do you normally use to cause a #\newline character to print as a newline rather than the character object suitable for reading back? #:Erik -- If this is not what you expected, please alter your expectations.


text:
Definition of Klumpke palsy
Klumpke palsy: A form of brachial plexus palsy in which there is paralysis of the muscles of the forearm and hand due to an injury to the roots of eigth cervical and first thoracic roots or the lower part of the brachial plexus, a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back of the neck, extends through the axilla (armpit), and gives rise to nerves to the upper limb. The brachial plexus is formed by the union of portions of the fifth through eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve, all of which come from the spinal cord.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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text:
The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown dramatically in the field of management information systems (MIS) in the past twenty years, but SEM's focus has been primarily on cross-sectional data sets. Functionally, SEM has been used to test measurement and path models, but the SEM approach has not been applied to repeated measures designs. In this article, we describe latent growth models (LGMs), an extension of SEM, which focuses on how observed and/or latent variables change over time. The purpose of this paper is to provide a primer on the use of LGMs, as well as to advocate for its use to extend MIS theory. We illustrate several flexible applications of LGMs using longitudinal data, including conditional, unconditional, and dual growth models. We discuss the advantages of using LGMs over other more traditional longitudinal approaches, and highlight areas in MIS where researchers can use this technique effectively.
Serva, Mark A.; Kher, Hemant; and Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe
"Using Latent Growth Modeling to Understand Longitudinal Effects in MIS Theory: A Primer,"
Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 28
, Article 14.
Available at: _URL_


Quick Answer: What Is The Relationship Between Stroke Volume And Cardiac Output?
How do you calculate stroke volume and cardiac output?
EquationSV = Stroke Volume (mL/beat)CO = Cardiac Output (mL/min)HR = Heart Rate (bpm)*The CO input is in mL/min (or L/min multiplied by 1000 to adjust units to mL/min).
**SV is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat; Also: SV= EDV – ESV.B= blood.
S= serum.
P= plasma.
U= urine..
How does the heart Change stroke volume?
What is the relationship between cardiac output heart rate and stroke volume?
The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during a heartbeat is the stroke volume (SV). The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle in each minute is the cardiac output (CO), which is equal to the heart rate (HR) multiplied by the stroke volume and therefore is measured in liters per minute.
What's a normal stroke volume?
Stroke volume is the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes; it is the volume ejected with each heart beat. The normal range is 50 to 100 ml. In the ICU, stroke volume is usually measured by a pulmonary artery catheter and is reported as cardiac output.
What happens when stroke volume increases?
Pulse pressure, in contrast, markedly increases because of an increase in both stroke volume and the speed at which the stroke volume is ejected. The cardiac output increase is due to a large increase in heart rate and a small increase in stroke volume.
What are the four factors that determine stroke volume?
Cardiac Reserve and Stroke Volume It is determined by the interplay of four factors: Ventricular distending or filling pressure (preload) Contractility of the myocardium (inotropic state) The tension that the ventricular myocardium must develop during contraction and early ejection (afterload)
Does stroke volume increase or decrease with training?
Before and after training, stroke volume decreased as exercise intensity was increased from 50% to 100% of Vo2max in both sexes. However, the decrease in stroke volume was greater in women than in men. Current evidence suggests that the stroke volume response to exercise may differ between men and women.
What is normal end diastolic volume?
For an average-sized man, the end-diastolic volume is 120 milliliters of blood and the end-systolic volume is 50 milliliters of blood. This means the average stroke volume for a healthy male is usually about 70 milliliters of blood per beat. Total blood volume also affects this number.
What is the relationship between stroke volume and blood pressure?
Is ejection fraction the same as cardiac output?
Ventricular Function Less filling of the ventricle during diastole results in a smaller stroke volume, and therefore less cardiac output is produced at a given heart rate, even though the ejection fraction may be within normal range.
What are the factors that affect stroke volume?
Stroke volume index is determined by three factors: Preload: The filling pressure of the heart at the end of diastole. Contractility: The inherent vigor of contraction of the heart muscles during systole. Afterload: The pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole.
What is a normal cardiac ejection fraction?
What is stroke volume of the heart?
The definition of stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
What units is stroke volume measured in?
Stroke Volume Index (SVI) relates SV to body surface area (BSA), thus relating heart performance to the size of the individual. The unit of measurement is millilitres per square metre (ml/m2). Normal values for a resting healthy individual would be approximately 35-65mL/m2.
How long does it take to increase blood volume?
The main avenue to increasing blood volume is training consistently. In untrained individuals, within just 24 hours of training, it can increase by around 10 percent due to plasma volume expansion. After two to three weeks, many studies measure red blood cell increases, increasing progressively thereafter.
What is normal ejection fraction by age?
How do you fix low ejection fraction?
How Can I Improve My Low Ejection Fraction?Talk with your healthcare provider about improving your EF. … Treat any known causes of heart failure. … Get the right amount of physical activity. … Pay attention to your weight. … Know your sodium limits and regulate fluids. … Eliminate harmful substances. … Lower your stress.
What is the difference between ejection fraction and stroke volume?
So another helpful measurement is the ejection fraction, which is the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume, Ejection fraction = Stroke Volume / EndDiastolic Volume. In a normal individual that's 70/120, or about 58%, but it can fluctuate between 50 and 65% and still be considered normal.
Why do we measure cardiac output?
Thus, at least in some patients, measurement of cardiac output is indicated as an aid to prognosis and diagnosis, and to monitor the adequacy of therapy. If it is useful to measure cardiac output, then it is also important that its measurement be accurate enough to identify clinically relevant changes.
How does exercise increase stroke volume?


text:
If country code is required:
- After dialing the country code, you will hear a brief recorded message that states: "AT&T…enter the number you are calling." This prompt is always available in English and sometimes an option in Spanish.
- Immediately at the end of the recording, callers should dial the second number (the hotline number), which is always a domestic toll-free line. The call will then connect to the hotline greeting with the appropriate language options.
If no country code is required:
- Dial the hotline number directly.
Note: some countries have more than one country code. This is usually due to carrier restrictions. Country codes can be verified directly through this link.


text:
What is wheel hop?
Wheel hop is a nasty action whereby the driven wheels of a car voilently shake, vibrate, hop, grab,
and/or thump upon acceleration. It's usually quite obvious when your car suffers from this condition,
for it sounds and feels like your car fell off a garage lift three times every second. Wheel hop
doesn't just feel bad - it's bad for your car, too. For reasons that will be explained below, wheel hop
can lead to broken drivetrain parts, including axles and rear differentials on a rear-wheel-drive car,
and axles and transmissions on a front-wheel-drive car. If your car wheel hops - get it fixed!
What causes wheel hop?
A lot of people don't know why wheel hop occurs, which often leads to them throwing the incorrect parts
at the car in an effort to eliminate the issue. Fortunately understanding (and correcting) wheel hop is
not difficult. Here is what happens. When a car accelerates, you can picture the forces involved as
something (the ground) pushing the driven wheels of the car forward. Obviously if you push the wheels
forward, the car is going to move forward also. However, the wheels are not rigidly fixed to the
chassis, so when the ground pushes on the wheels, they move forward a bit in the wheel well. Normally a
car's acceleration is so small that this motion is negligible, but when a car accelerates quickly,
especially during a launch, the wheels can move forward quite a bit in the wheel wells. As the wheels
move forward, significant toe changes occur. Now, everybody knows that a tire can provide the most grip
when it is perpendicular to the ground, parallel with the acceleration, and pressurized to provide the
optimal contact patch. That being said, if the toe of the driven wheels changes during acceleration,
the grip of the tire must be changing. Wheel hop is a result of this change in grip. Here is the
sequence of events:
1.) Acceleration begins with good grip.
2.) The wheels move forward, toe changes, and available grip is reduced. Wheelspin occurs.
3.) During wheelspin, acceleration is very small. The wheels move back again, toe changes back, and the
tire regains grip.
4.) Acceleration begins again, and the process repeats itself.
This rapid switching between grippy acceleration and wheelspin is wheel hop. My above description of
the wheel hop process sounds tame, but the frequency of the grip changes and the magnitude of the forces
involved is what makes wheel hop so violent. Race tires can prevent wheel hop since they have more grip
(i.e., they don't lose grip even with the toe change), but cars that wheel hop with race tires will do
so in a much more violent fashion.
How do I get rid of wheel hop?
Getting rid of wheel hop really isn't difficult. If you can limit the motion of the wheel with respect
to the chassis, then the toe changes during acceleration will be small and the tire will not suddenly
lose grip. If the tire does lose grip (common on a high-HP car of course), then it won't suddenly regain
grip due to the wheel moving back to it's static position. How do you keep the wheel from moving with
respect to the chassis? Well, assuming your car has reasonably rigid suspension arms, then all you need
to look at are the suspension bushings! The wheel can move with respect to the chassis because the
bushings flex...especially old, stock rubber bushings. Sometimes simply replacing old rubber bushings
with new rubber bushings is all that is required. However, on a modified car that posesses more
horsepower than the designer's intended, upgrading to stiffer materials like nylon or polyurethane may
be required. The ultimate solution is to use rod ends or spherical bearings at every suspension joint,
but that is unreasonable unless your car will never again see public roadways. Anyway, by simply
upgrading your bushings, the suspension bushings will not flex as much under strong acceleration, the
wheel will not move far forward in the wheel well, the toe of the car will not appreciably change, and
your tires will not lose grip. Wheel hop will have been eliminated.
In some cases weak shocks can allow a perturbed wheel to continue hopping up and down since the motion
is not damped. This is a less likely scenario, but shocks should not be ruled out as a potential
What doesn't get rid of wheel hop?
As mentioned earlier, a lot of people throw the wrong parts at the car in an effort to eliminate wheel
hop. First, springs and sway bars will generally not do anything to promote or prevent wheel hop.
Additionally, suspension settings, such as camber and toe, will generally not help the issue. It is the
change in toe that leads to wheel hop, not the static setting. Tires do not cause wheel hop, though
they do determine the grip level at which wheel hop occurs. For example, race tires, with their
increased grip over street tires, will not break traction until you reach a higher level of
acceleration. Some people might think that race tires solved their wheel hop problems, but in truth they
merely changed their "wheel hop acceleration threshold" from a level below their launch acceleration to
a level above their launch acceleration. Once they increase their horsepower to the point where they can
accelerate enough to once again reach that threshold, their wheel hop will return.
Limited-slip differentials will also not prevent wheel hop. They may increase the acceleration threshold
at which wheel hop occurs (much like installing race tires), but once again an increase in horsepower
will eventually reintroduce the problem.
Check your shocks. If they are not malfunctioning, then you need to increase your bushing stiffness.


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memory_profiler 0.26
A module for monitoring memory usage of a python program
Latest Version: 0.39
Memory Profiler
This is a python module for monitoring memory consumption of a process as well as line-by-line analysis of memory consumption for python programs. It is a pure python module and has the psutil module as optional (but highly recommended) dependencies.
To install through easy_install or pip:
$ easy_install -U memory_profiler # pip install -U memory_profiler
To install from source, download the package, extract and type:
$ python install
The line-by-line profiler is used much in the same way of the line_profiler: first decorate the function you would like to profile with _USER_ and then run the script with a special script (in this case with specific arguments to the Python interpreter).
In the following example, we create a simple function my_func that allocates lists a, b and then deletes b:
def my_func():
 a = [1] * (10 ** 6)
 del b
 return a
if __name__ == '__main__':
Execute the code passing the option -m memory_profiler to the python interpreter to load the memory_profiler module and print to stdout the line-by-line analysis. If the file name was, this would result in:
$ python -m memory_profiler
Output will follow:
Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
 3 _USER_
 4 5.97 MB 0.00 MB def my_func():
 7 13.61 MB -152.59 MB del b
 8 13.61 MB 0.00 MB return a
The first column represents the line number of the code that has been profiled, the second column (Mem usage) the memory usage of the Python interpreter after that line has been executed. The third column (Increment) represents the difference in memory of the current line with respect to the last one. The last column (Line Contents) prints the code that has been profiled.
A function decorator is also available. Use as follows:
from memory_profiler import profile
def my_func():
 a = [1] * (10 ** 6)
 del b
 return a
Setting debugger breakpoints
It is possible to set breakpoints depending on the amount of memory used. That is, you can specify a threshold and as soon as the program uses more memory than what is specified in the threshold it will stop execution and run into the pdb debugger. To use it, you will have to decorate the function as done in the previous section with _USER_ and then run your script with the option -m memory_profiler --pdb-mmem=X, where X is a number representing the memory threshold in MB. For example:
$ python -m memory_profiler --pdb-mmem=100
will run and step into the pdb debugger as soon as the code uses more than 100 MB in the decorated function.
memory_profiler exposes a number of functions to be used in third-party code.
memory_usage(proc=-1, interval=.1, timeout=None) returns the memory usage over a time interval. The first argument, proc represents what should be monitored. This can either be the PID of a process (not necessarily a Python program), a string containing some python code to be evaluated or a tuple (f, args, kw) containing a function and its arguments to be evaluated as f(*args, **kw). For example,
>>> from memory_profiler import memory_usage
>>> mem_usage = memory_usage(-1, interval=.2, timeout=1)
>>> print(mem_usage)
 [7.296875, 7.296875, 7.296875, 7.296875, 7.296875]
Here I've told memory_profiler to get the memory consumption of the current process over a period of 1 second with a time interval of 0.2 seconds. As PID I've given it -1, which is a special number (PIDs are usually positive) that means current process, that is, I'm getting the memory usage of the current Python interpreter. Thus I'm getting around 7MB of memory usage from a plain python interpreter. If I try the same thing on IPython (console) I get 29MB, and if I try the same thing on the IPython notebook it scales up to 44MB.
If you'd like to get the memory consumption of a Python function, then you should specify the function and its arguments in the tuple (f, args, kw). For example:
>>> # define a simple function
>>> def f(a, n=100):
 ... import time
 ... time.sleep(2)
 ... b = [a] * n
 ... time.sleep(1)
 ... return b
>>> from memory_profiler import memory_usage
>>> memory_usage((f, (1,), {'n' : int(1e6)}))
This will execute the code f(1, n=int(1e6)) and return the memory consumption during this execution.
IPython integration
After installing the module, if you use IPython, you can use the %mprun and %memit magics.
For IPython 0.11+, you can use the module directly as an extension, with %load_ext memory_profiler.
To activate it whenever you start IPython, edit the configuration file for your IPython profile, ~/.ipython/profile_default/, to register the extension like this (If you already have other extensions, just add this one to the list):
c.InteractiveShellApp.extensions = [
(If the config file doesn't already exist, run ipython profile create in a terminal.)
It then can be used directly from IPython to obtain a line-by-line report using the %mprun magic command. In this case, you can skip the _USER_ decorator and instead use the -f parameter, like this. Note however that function my_func must be defined in a file (cannot have been defined interactively in the Python interpreter):
In [1] from example import my_func
In [2] %mprun -f my_func my_func()
Another useful magic that we define is %memit, which is analogous to %timeit. It can be used as follows:
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: %memit np.zeros(1e7)
maximum of 3: 76.402344 MB per loop
For more details, see the docstrings of the magics.
# These two lines are standard and probably already there.
import IPython.ipapi
ip = IPython.ipapi.get()
# These two are the important ones.
import memory_profiler
ip.expose_magic('mprun', memory_profiler.magic_mprun)
ip.expose_magic('memit', memory_profiler.magic_memit)
Frequently Asked Questions
 - Q: How accurate are the results?
 - A: This module gets the memory consumption by querying the operating system kernel about the amount of memory the current process has allocated, which might be slightly different from the amount of memory that is actually used by the Python interpreter. Also, because of how the garbage collector works in Python the result might be different between platforms and even between runs.
 - Q: Does it work under windows?
 - A: Yes, but you will need the psutil module.
Support, bugs & wish list
For support, please ask your question on stack overflow and add the profiling tag. Send issues, proposals, etc. to github's issue tracker.
If you've got questions regarding development, you can email me directly at
Latest sources are available from github:
This module was written by Fabian Pedregosa inspired by Robert Kern's line profiler.
Tom added windows support and speed improvements via the psutil module.
Victor added python3 support, bugfixes and general cleanup.
Vlad Niculae added the %mprun and %memit IPython magics.
Thomas Kluyver added the IPython extension.
Simplified BSD
File Type Py Version Uploaded on Size
memory_profiler-0.26.tar.gz (md5) Source 2013-04-21 11KB
 - Downloads (All Versions):
 - 186 downloads in the last day
 - 3469 downloads in the last week
 - 18361 downloads in the last month


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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Jeopgolsan (JGS) extract on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 cells and on factors related with fracture healing in skull fractured rat.
Methods Experimental animals were divided into four groups: normal group without any treatment (Normal), contral group were treated orally with distilled water (Control), Experimental group were treated orally with JGS at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day (JGS 200) and Experimental group were treated orally with JGS at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day (JGS 400). Rats in each group except the normal group were induced fractures in the skull. ＜In vitro＞ The 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity were measured to evaluate antioxidant activity. The production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the RAW 264.7 cells were measured to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. ＜In vivo＞ The production of osteocalcin calcitonin, carboxy-terminal telepeptides of type II collagen (CTX II), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Insulin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum of rats were measured to evaluate the effects of fracture healing at 0, 2, 4, and 6th week. X-rays were taken every 3 week from 0 to 6th week to evaluate fracture healing effect.
Results 1. No cytotoxicity was observed. 2. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were increased in a concentration dependent manner, indicating anti-oxidant effect. 3. NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were not significantly changed, indicating no anti-inflammatory effect. 4. Osteocalcin, Calcitonin, TGF-β and ALP were significantly increased in the experimental groups. 5. CTX II, insulin were significantly decreased in the expermental groups. 6. Radiologic examination showed that union of fracture was promoted.
Conclusions From above results, JGS showed significant results in factors related with fracture healing and radiologic examination. Threfore, JGS is expected to be effective in the treatment of fracture. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2018;28(1):1-17)


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Welding is one of the most common and important welding processes used in construction, manufacturing, and other industries. Welding is a process that is used to connect two or more metals to form one joint. If a joint is not joined properly, it will lead to a weak structure, which will cause the joint to fail. Therefore, welding is an important process for connecting two or more components in a structure. The main benefits of using automation equipment for welding include lowering production costs, improving quality, and increasing production volume. In general, more time, labor, and resources are required to manually operate welding equipment. Therefore, using automation equipment for welding reduces production costs and increases the production efficiency. Furthermore, automatic welding equipment also has several other benefits. This article highlights the top six benefits of using automated welding equipment, including increased safety, reduced production costs, increased production volume, and more.
Increased Safety during Welding
One of the biggest benefits of using automated welding equipment is increased safety. Welding is one of the most dangerous welding processes. If a weld is not done properly, it can lead to serious injuries and death. Automatic equipment reduces the risk of injuries during welding. This is because automated equipment is programmed to perform welding tasks automatically. This eliminates the risk of human error and makes welding safer. Moreover, automation equipment is designed for production lines. This reduces the risk of human injury compared to manual welding equipment. For example, automatic welding equipment, such as Arc Welding or Mig Welding machine, requires a trained operator. In contrast, manual welding equipment, such as a welding torch, requires only a welder with proper training.
Reduced Production Costs
The next benefit of using automated welding equipment is reduced production costs. Welding, especially manual welding, is an expensive process. It is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Therefore, it is important to consider producing with low-cost welding equipment. However, managing the welding process manually is not only expensive but also time-consuming. Automating the welding process to perform repetitive tasks is a good way to reduce production costs. Welding equipment, such as welding robots, can perform welding tasks automatically. This reduces labor and operation costs.
Increased Production Volume
Next, the benefit of using automated welding equipment is increased production volume. Welding is a process that is used in many industries. Welding is often used for structural applications and fabrication. However, the process is used in a wide range of industries, including construction, automotive, electronics, and more. Therefore, if a company is interested in a particular industry, they can use their knowledge of welding to find similar applications. Now, a company can use automated welding equipment, such as welding robots, to increase production volume. This is because automated equipment is able to perform welding tasks repetitively. Therefore, the welds produced by automated equipment will be similar, which will increase production volume.
Reduced Welding Time
As another benefit of using automated welding equipment, welding time is reduced. Welding equipment, such as automated welding equipment or welding robots, can perform welding tasks automatically. This reduces the amount of time required to perform welding tasks. For example, a welding robot or Arc Welding machine can perform multiple welding tasks simultaneously. This reduces the amount of time required to perform welding tasks.
Easier Operation and Maintenance
The operation of welding equipment, such as Arc Welding or Mig Welding machines, is simpler. Automated equipment is programmed to perform welding tasks automatically. This reduces the risk of human error. In addition, maintenance of welding equipment is also simplified. This is because welding equipment is programmed to perform repetitive welding tasks. Therefore, maintenance should be performed rarely, if at all.
In summary, welding is a process that joins two or more metals to make a joint. Welding is one of the most important welding processes. Welding is used to connect two components, such as steel girders, to make building structures. Welding can also be used to make metallic castings, such as automobile parts or aircraft parts. Welding is a process that requires manual or automated equipment. Manual welding equipment is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, it is important to consider using low-cost welding equipment. Welding is a dangerous process. Welding is performed by a welder or an automated welding machine. There are many different types of welders used for industrial welding. The arc welding machine is one of the most common welding machines used for industrial welding. Most welding helmets are designed for arc welding.…Read more


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Indigenous social work around the world: towards culturally relevant education and practice
Yellow Bird, Michael
- University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- How can mainstream Western social work learn from and in turn help advance indigenous practice? This volume brings together prominent international scholars involved in both Western and indigenous social work across the globe – including James Midgley, Linda Briskman, Alean Al-Krenawi and John R. Graham – to discuss some of the most significant global trends and issues relating to indigenous and cross-cultural social work. The contributors identify ways in which indigenization is shaping professional social work practice and education, and examine how social work can better address diversity in international exchanges and cross-cultural issues within and between countries. Key theoretical, methodological and service issues and challenges in the indigenization of social work are reviewed, including the way in which adaptation can lead to more effective practices within indigenous communities and emerging economies, and how adaptation can provide greater insight into cross-cultural understanding and practice.
- Contemporary Social Work Studies
study and teaching;
- Resource Type


text:
The crown of the Queens of Bavaria
A little bit of history
In 1806, as part of his wholescale re-ordering of the map of Europe, Napoleon I of France upgraded the independant German Duchy to a full kingdom status. The former Duke of Bavaria, now King of Bavarie Maximillian I, commemorated the fact by commissioning a set of crown jewels for use by Bavarian monarchs.
Royal regalia of Bavaria
Included in the regalia were:
- The Crown of Bavaria – the King's crown, which was set with rubies, diamonds,
- emeralds, sapphires and pearls
- the Crown of the Queens of Bavaria, which was made for the then queen, Karoline of Baden and which contains huge pearls and large diamonds;
- The 96cms long State Sword;
- The Royal Orb – made of gols
- The 89cmslong Royal Sceptre set with brilliants, emeralds and sapphires and the top is surmounted by a small round crown.
As part of a republican Germany, Bavaria has not had a monarch since 1918 but the Bavarian Crown Jewels are still on show in the Treasury of the Residenz Palace in Munich


text:
WATER QUALITY AND
LOGGING SEDIMENT CONTROL ACT (LSCA)
LSCA and Water Quality go hand-in-hand, making sure the water you use is clean. Approximately 1.8 million West Virginians rely on clean water for drinking, cooking, bathing, swimming and fishing to name a few. To help ensure your water quality is safe before, during and after a logging operation, the West Virginia Legislature passed the Logging Sediment Control Act in 1992 (19-1B).
This law sets guidelines for logging companies to use when timbering. Part of the Act states logging operations be registered and supervised by individuals who have completed Division of Forestry certification program. The law also requires loggers to follow Best Management Practices (BMPs) that prevents useless soil erosion or run-off that could potentially cause problems in nearby ponds, streams, rivers or other bodies of water.
You as a citizen can do your part to ensure logging jobs and your water continues to be safe. If you or someone you know is planning on harvesting timber, please check to make sure the logging company you use is licensed to complete timbering operations in West Virginia. Download the Licensed Loggers for the most current list of available licensed loggers in the state. By using a properly licensed timber operator AND a certified logger, you know the workers will use BMPs that reduce both soil erosion and water pollution.
For a list of Licensed Timber Operators or Licensed Certified Loggers in West Virginia, download the appropriate form on this page.
Licensed Timber Operators and Certified Loggers
Licensed Timber Operators Last updated 5/17/13
Licensed Certified Loggers Last updated 5/17/13
Once you decide to cut, make sure the following criteria will be completed:
- Timber Operator is licensed with the West Virginia Division of Forestry.
- Obtained logger certification by completing a WVDOF training class.
- Filed a timbering operation notification with the WVDOF within three days of start up.
- Posted a sign with company name and timbering license number.
FORESTS AND FLOODS
In 2001, at the request of State Forester Randy Dye, an expert committee consisting of representatives of state, federal and private agencies prepared a report that reviewed and summarized scientific literature regarding the effects of timber management activities on flooding. This report concerns the storms of July 2001 in southern West Virginia. No effort has been made to polish this report for widespread publication; however, due to continual interest in the issue, the Division of Forestry is making this publication available to the public through its website. This.pdf document is 89 pages in length and can be downloaded using Adobe Acrobat.
The following documents are in.pdf format and require Adobe Acrobat Reader to view or print. Click on the Adobe Icon to download a free version of this program.
Forests and Floods
2003 McCutcheon Report
In February 2003, Steven C. McCutcheon, Ph.D. prepared a report for the Division of Forestry entitled "Hydrologic Evaluation of the
Curve Number Method for Forest Management in West Virginia." This report is 38 pages and available for download as a.pdf document. To download the McCutcheon Report, click on the link below.
On January 8, 2006, Dr. McCutcheon testified before the Forest Management Review Commission. Download the file below to read his seven page presentation.


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Wind will almost always be included in the forecast for today and tomorrow. However, often, if the winds are expected to be light and variable, the forecast may just read "Light winds" with no direction mentioned. Wind is often not included in forecasts beyond tomorrow because the speed and direction are still not certain. However, marine forecasts will always contain wind speed and direction, and most of these go out to 3 or 4 days in advance.
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Reaction Equilibrium - Gas Phase Conversion of Ethylene to Ethanol
Application ID: 62441
This app demonstrates the following:
- How an app can be used as a teaching tool
- An 8 question multiple choice quiz where the answers can be sent to the grader by email
This app calculates the equilibrium compositions in gas phase conversion of ethylene to ethanol. It allows you to study how the initial conditions and the operating conditions affect the ethanol production.
The app is designed to teach you how to compute quantitative results for the equilibrium composition and provide an understanding for the dynamics of a chemical equilibrium.
This application example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products:
however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations:
The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Particular functionality may be common to several products. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this.


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Intensity normalization is an important preprocessing step in brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) analysis. During MR image acquisition, different scanners or parameters would be used for scanning different subjects or the same subject at a different time, which may result in large intensity variations. This intensity variation will greatly undermine the performance of subsequent MRI processing and population analysis, such as image registration, segmentation, and tissue volume measurement.
In this work, we proposed a new histogram normalization method to reduce the intensity variation between MRIs obtained from different acquisitions. In our experiment, we scanned each subject twice on two different scanners using different imaging parameters. With noise estimation, the image with lower noise level was determined and treated as the high-quality reference image. Then the histogram of the low-quality image was normalized to the histogram of the high-quality image. The normalization algorithm includes two main steps: (1) intensity scaling (IS), where, for the high-quality reference image, the intensities of the image are first rescaled to a range between the low intensity region (LIR) value and the high intensity region (HIR) value; and (2) histogram normalization (HN),where the histogram of low-quality image as input image is stretched to match the histogram of the reference image, so that the intensity range in the normalized image will also lie between LIR and HIR.
We performed three sets of experiments to evaluate the proposed method, i.e., image registration, segmentation, and tissue volume measurement, and compared this with the existing intensity normalization method. It is then possible to validate that our histogram normalization framework can achieve better results in all the experiments. It is also demonstrated that the brain template with normalization preprocessing is of higher quality than the template with no normalization processing.
We have proposed a histogram-based MRI intensity normalization method. The method can normalize scans which were acquired on different MRI units. We have validated that the method can greatly improve the image analysis performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that with the help of our normalization method, we can create a higher quality Chinese brain template.