text:
What is SMART?SMART (Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions) is an inter-agency initiative launched in 2002 by a network of organizations and humanitarian practitioners.
SMART Methodology is an improved survey method for the assessment of severity of a humanitarian crisis based on the two most vital public health indicators:
- Nutritional status of children under-five.
- Mortality rate of the population.
SMART NewsUPCOMING SMART TRAINING: An inter-agency training will take place in Madrid on June 17th-21st, 2013, intended for European-based headquarter staff involved in nutrition and mortality surveys. Please make sure you have filled out the pre-questionnaire no later than Friday, May 24th, 2013: _URL_
Preparing survey teams in SMART
The SMART standardized survey methodology incorporates elements of nutrition, mortality, and food security for emergencies or surveillance purposes. It was developed to be used with the user-friendly ENA software.
The SMART manual provides agencies & field workers with basic tools to collect data necessary for planning direct interventions in emergency settings, as well as for surveillance.
Standardized Training Package (STP)
The STP harmonizes the procedures and tools used throughout the survey process and is broken down into 9 modules.
Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) Software
ENA software is the user-friendly analytical program recommended by SMART. It saves time and effort by simplifying both survey planning and data collection via integrated calculators.


Could Be Avoided Meaning?
What kind of verb is avoid?
Avoid is never used with an infinitive.
It is followed by a verb in the -ing form: ✗ Avoid to use long quotations unless really necessary….avoid Definitions and Synonyms present tensepast tenseavoidedpast participleavoided3 more rows.
Should be avoided synonym?
Frequently Asked Questions About avoid Some common synonyms of avoid are elude, escape, eschew, evade, and shun. While all these words mean "to get away or keep away from something," avoid stresses forethought and caution in keeping clear of danger or difficulty.
What is it called when you avoid work?
To avoid one's lessons or work. skive. shirk. malinger. truant.
Is avoid a negative word?
Therefore, it's important to know what negative words are and learn how to avoid using them. Here are some tips on avoiding negative words….Words to Avoid in Writing.cannotdamagedo notnotproblemrefusestopunable tohardlyscarcelyunfortunately2 more rows
What is a sentence for avoid?
Examples of avoid in a Sentence She took a detour to avoid the heavy traffic. They successfully avoided each other for days. He tried hard to avoid accidents.
What is avoid mean?
verb (used with object) to keep away from; keep clear of; shun: to avoid a person; to avoid taxes; to avoid danger. to prevent from happening: to avoid falling. Law. to make void or of no effect; invalidate.
Can and could sentences?
Could tell Meaning?
It's like saying "I understood that" or "I was able to see that" for instance if someone said "I could tell that you were angry" they are saying "I was able to see that you were angry"
Could sentences examples in English?
Could meaning with examples?
The definition of could is often used in the place of "can" to show a little doubt. An example of could is someone asking if they can help someone. An example of could is saying that something is able to happen if someone does something. Used to indicate ability or permission in the past.
Could still meaning?
2. adverb [ADVERB before verb] If something that has not yet happened could still happen, it is possible that it will happen. If something that has not yet happened is still to happen, it will happen at a later time. Big money could still be made if the crisis keeps oil prices high.
What part of speech is avoided?
avoidpart of speech:transitive verbinflections:avoids, avoiding, avoided5 more rows


text:
FoodFun Lifeskills Instructional Software
FoodFun LIS' flagship product is a software package designed for non-readers, generally individuals with autism and developmental disabilities, and other people with developmental disabilities. Most transition/lifeskills training programs focus on four key areas of life: food/cooking/nutrition, money management, health/safety, and social interaction/leisure. FoodFun's product focuses on food/cooking as well as social interaction, two of the primary lifeskills needed for independent living.
Non-readers rely on visual images as a form of communication, a replacement for the more typical text that readers are able to understand. The first component of the software is a digital cookbook of recipes. The software displays pictures of the different ingredients needed for the recipe. The pictures are then printed allowing the individual to take the picture to the grocery store facilitating the purchasing of the groceries. On each picture is also text explaining what the item is. Within each recipe is the ability to print the different utensils and pots needed to complete the item. While the recipes are meant to be cooked with support, the main goal is to allow the individual to have independent shopping.
The user first sees a bunch of different pictures of food dishes with names below the pictures. The user then chooses a dish and is brought to a screen where the ingredients are listed by picture and also the different utensils/pots/pans needed are listed. Once the user chooses what they want to prepare they can then print up a list of the different ingredients. The list is picture based (with text) and they are able to take the picture list to the grocery to assist them in purchasing the ingredients independently.
The second component of the software is the social occasion/party planning module. This is the fun part (in addition to the fun food pictures). Everyone likes to plan for party. The screen opens with pictures showing different occassions such as a picnic in the park, friends and movie night, birthday party, holiday event, pool party, etc. When the user clicks on the chosen image they hear 30 seconds of background music in a theme matched to the event that they have chosen. Once they have chosen the event the software takes them through the different steps of food preparation for the event. These food preparation steps are the previously explained food component that is now organized not by dish but by event. If a picnic in a park is chosen there will be several dishes to be made, all of them cold as there is no way of heating the dishes while you are in the park. All users of this module will be entertained by the background sounds as well as the excitement of planning for a party.
This component is especially important in the individual's development. Planning activities are especially important for a population that is so isolated. Without socialization skills such as parties, the clients end up learning the skills and then sit in their apartment alone.
Ultimately, FoodFun's software product combines two of the most important lifeskills/transition training areas, food preparation and social leisure. The food component allows the non-reading individuals with developmental disabilities to become more independent in their daily activities. The social planning module leverages the existing food module and assists the users in panning for social occassions centered around food. This module is designed to be entertaining to capture the interest and imagination of the user, drawing them into the software, creating the desire to use the product.
The software product will be developed by three contract programmers. The software will be upgraded yearly.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree program was established in 1975 as a Department with the aim of producing highly skilled Dental Surgeons comparable to those trained in the developed countries. The first set of Dental students started their clinical training in 1977 and the program attained full accreditation by the Nigerian Medical and Dental Council in 1978.The single Dentistry Department was split into four autonomous departments in August 1981.
The Development Committee of the Senate of the University of Ibadan approved the creation of these departments in 1985 and four departments in Dentistry were accorded full Faculty status in April 2002. The Department would have been split into two at the creation of the four departments but for the low staff strength. Department of Preventive Dentistry in 1981 was one of the four departments at that time consisting of four different discipline/units namely: Periodontology, Dental Public Health, Paedodontics and Orthodontics.
The first Acting Head of Department was Dr. M.O. Noah and the current is Dr. Modupe O. Arowojolu.The staff strength in the department then increased to eight (8) and this has also brought up the€€ need for a split of the department to ensure compliance with the normal academic structure, the world over and as recommended by National University Commission (NUC) minimum standards. The department was then officially split into two departments (Preventive Dentistry and Child Oral Health) in the year 2004.
- Didactic and clinical teachings to Dental students.
- Laboratory instructions to Dental students.
- Community Health Program.
- Primary Health Program was established in Idikan area of Ibadan and Igboora for the purpose of teaching dental students in community.
- Dentistry, for carrying out research and for rendering services to patients in a Primary Health Care Setting.
- The Department also conducts planned visits to Schools and Community.
- Research projects are assigned to students in their final year.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I want to read each line of txt file which resembles something like this
1190/2132 123/23123 45
I want to read the whole line and then store them in three separate strings for future use to build a tree. I am using fgets right now, but getting errors regarding putting it into a string. How should i do it?
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4 Answers
Try this:
std::string line;
while(std::getline(file, line))
 std::stringstream linestream(line);
 std::string word1, word2, word3;
 line >> word1 >> word2 >> word3;
 // Store words
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I was just about finished with the very same answer! :) – sbi Sep 21 '10 at 22:21
add comment
You've tagged the question C++, but you say you're using fgets, so I'm not sure which one you want.
Using C stdio functions:
fscanf(file, "%s %s %s", str1, str2, str3);
Using C++ streams:
input_stream >> str1 >> str2 >> str3;
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This may work:
string a, b, c;
getline(cin, a, '/')
getline(cin, b,'')
//will only get executed if the third string exist
if(cin >> c){}
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Stuff you need to get it work:
 - _TAG_ so that you can open the text file with a input file stream.
 - _TAG_ if you want to display some information on the screen as well but just optional.
 - The code part:
Pseudo code:
 - define a character array with length K, where K can be defined as a MACRO
 - open an input file stream
 - test if it is opened, if opened read a line and parse the line until the EOF.
 - if not opened, return -1.
The Code
int fileread(const char* filename, dataType& data /* some object saving the read info. */)
 char lntxt[MAX_LNTXT_LENGTH_CPTIMGIDX]; // 4)
 ifstream inSR(_filename); // 5)
 if (inSR.is_open()) // 6)
 // If file is open
 while (inSR.peek()>0)
 inSR.getline(lntxt, MAX_LNTXT_LENGTH_CPTIMGIDX);
 // delim can be a set of possible delim
 char* strTk = strtok(lntxt, _delim);
 while (strTk!= NULL)
 strTk = strtok(NULL, _delim);
 if (strTk!= NULL)
 // Your code to process the data, i.e. some arithmetic operation
 // or store it in other variables or objects.**
 return 0;
 else // 7)
 cout <<"The file " <<_filename <<" can not be opened.";
 return -1;
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Avoid identifiers that begin with underscore. stackoverflow.com/questions/228783/… – Loki Astari Sep 22 '10 at 0:28
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Your Answer


Label Image Question Type
When teachers can give assessments for learning on Edcite, students and teachers get feedback immediately. Teachers also get an instant report by standard, which helps teachers quickly plan next steps for improving student learning. Plus, Edcite allows teachers to assess with a choice of 60 technology-enhanced question types that engage students.
One of our most popular question types across subjects is our label image question.
Label Image (#120) asks students to label a diagram or image by dragging and dropping answers into the correct spots, selecting the answer from a drop-down menu, or typing the answer. This allows teachers to assess students at different DOK levels, and teachers can easily differentiate by creating different versions of the question. This question type is also auto-graded, no matter how students are asked to answer.
Check out these label image items that teachers have shared on Edcite!
💻 ATP Cycle Label Image
💻 Digestive System Labeling
💻 Parts of a Flower
💻 Two-Way Frequency Tables
💻 Landscape Label
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text:
The Interstellar Judiciary Commission was an interplanetary judicial body concerned with the treatment of prisoners of war, among other issues. They seemed to function rather like the World Court or United Nations that used to exist on Earth.
Barrayar may have been a signatory, as the IJC made a great deal of headache for Admiral Aral Vorkosigan after the Barrayaran-Escobaran War. The Cetagandan Empire was a signatory. The rules for treatment of prisoners included:
- Some number of square meters per person.
- No prisoner to be solitarily confined for a period exceeding twenty-four hours.
- No dark periods longer than twelve hours.
- No beatings, rapes, or forced labor.
- Access to medical personal was required.
- 3000 calories of food per person per day; at least 50 grams of protein.
- Two liters of drinking water per person per day.
- Accurate lists of prisoners taken had to be provided.


In order to schedule a task, a component needs a pointer to the Scheduler, which is usually set as a component property. The component schedules a new task by calling addScheduledJob on the Scheduler. The Scheduler executes the job as scheduled.
When the Scheduler executes a job, it calls performScheduledTask on the object that performs the task, which must implement atg.service.scheduler.Schedulable. Typically, the component that schedules the task is also the Schedulable component that executes it, but this is not strictly required.
When a component schedules a task, it must provide the Scheduler with the following information:
All of this information is encapsulated in a ScheduledJob object, which is passed to the Scheduler's addScheduledJob() method.
When a job is added to the Scheduler, the Scheduler returns an integer job ID, which you can later use to reference that job. For example, to stop a scheduled job, you can call removeScheduledJob on the Scheduler, passing in the ID of the job to stop.
When the Schedulable object is called to perform a task, it is passed the ScheduledJob object that was used to schedule that task. This is useful in the case where a single service is supposed to perform several kinds of scheduled tasks, and needs the properties of the ScheduledJob to determine which task it is supposed to perform.


text: Ignatius Insight Scoop: A spectacular discovery was recently made in the Bavarian State Library, in the process of cataloguing the Greek manuscripts from the collection of Johann Jakob Fuggers. While cataloguing a manuscript, Philologist Marina Molin Pradel identified numerous texts of sermons on the Psalms by Origen of Alexandria (AD 185 – 253/54), the most important theologian of the early Christian church before Augustine–sermons which until now had not been known in the original. The importance of this find cannot be overestimated. The attribution to Origen was confirmed, with the highest degree of certainty, by internationally recognised Origen expert Lorenzo Perrone from the University of Bologna. Read more here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Seems like a quick and easy question but I haven't been able to find exactly what I'm looking for so:
How to calculate a unit length vector that is pointing along the line which is exactly 50% of the angle of two connected line segments?
A picture speaks a thousands words (that are also better than my explanation!)
So basically I want to calculate the blue unit vector given the two red line segments (which are actually 3 points and are therefore guaranteed to be connected)
The red segments are of arbitrary length, and the result doesn't have to be a unit it would just be easier for me.
It would also be handy to have a way to force the resultant vector to point in a certain direction (relative to the input segments), this isn't essential as I think I can work this one out - as the input line segments ultimately form an n-gon.
Any examples would be ideal in C++ please, but other languages welcome.
Many thanks for any pointers.


text:
Skip to Main Content
This paper presents a comprehensive time-domain model of the coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) to investigate the effect of CCVT subsidence transients on the distance relay. The studies show that voltage-zero subsidence transients can adversely impact the performance of the distance relay and result in the overreach problem. This paper also introduces a new approach to mitigate the effect of CCVT voltage-zero subsidence transients on the distance relay. The method is based on improving the degree of accuracy of the voltage phasor estimation during the CCVT subsidence transients. The proposed method is not affected by harmonics and high-frequency transient distortions of the voltage, and prevents the relay overreach problem even under high source impedance ratio (SIR). Moreover, the proposed method noticeably decreases the close-in fault clearance time under low SIR conditions, based on a fast current phasor estimation approach. The reported studies are conducted in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Date of Publication: April 2012


text:
The Riccio is a small rodent which is covered with sharp, spiny quills. The common Tharian name, "Pricklypig" derives from the way it roots into the ground with its snout, hunting for mushrooms, grubs or other tasty treats. It is also known as "yilthrog" in Styrásh (lit. "spear animal") to the elves, "JiiHok" (lit. "spike animal") to the Thergerim, and "Porkprickle" to the hobbits. It is a fairly common little creature, and frequently seen all across Southern Sarvonia, generally in the forests and wooded areas. There are three known varieties of Riccio in Sarvonia - the common Southern, a Northern Sarvonian variant that is considerably larger - which the Kuglimz people call the "Curi'sar" (lit. "arrow pig") - and the rare Desert Riccio, found in the Ráhaz-Dáth Desert, between Bardavos and Strata.
An adult Riccio measures approximately 10
nailsbreadths or 2
palmspans from snout to
tail. Males and females are not discernibly different to the casual glance,
though the males are very slightly bigger. Riccios have a furry, soft grey
undercoat. overlaid with sharp black hollow spines, which can be as much as 3 or
4 nailsbreadths long. These
usually lie flat against the body, but when the Riccio is frightened or
startled, it is able to lift the spines so that they stick straight out of the
coat, with a threatening rattle. This presents a formidable defense as well as
making the animal look considerably bigger. If attacked, they will shed spines
vigorously into the attacker's face or paws. These spines have tiny barbs, which
help them penetrate, but do not come out so easily.
The only part of the Riccio that has no spines is the head and soft underbelly, which it protects by curling into a tight prickly ball, while thrashing its short, spiny tail defensively about. The tail is about four nailsbreadths long. The Riccio's head somewhat resembles that of a ferret, except that it has no fur on its muzzle, which terminates in a leathery gray snout. The short stubby legs end in small clawed feet which look like tiny hands with four fingers and a thumb. Riccios have small, dark eyes and do not see extremely well, but they have an amazing sense of smell and can track down an enticing scent with great determination. Male Riccios are called boars, females sows, and the young are known as hoglets.
The Northern Riccio is very similar, but is about twice the size of the Southern variety, being about four or five palmspans long, and spines that are around a palmspan in length. It is considerably less common and is rarely seen south of the Tandalas, though there are a few in that region.
The Desert Riccio is about three palmspans long and resembles a large Southern Riccio, except that it is generally much lighter in colour, being a sandy brown colour with slightly darker brown quills. Curled into a ball, it resembles a little tumbleweed in the desert.
Beyond its startling and very effective defensive mechanism, the Riccio's only
special ability is its amazing sense of smell. The creatures have poor eyesight
and cannot move very quickly, managing a slow shuffle at best.
Territory. Riccios tend to live in wooded areas, but will often venture into human, hobbit or elven settlements in search of food. They are rarely afraid of people and can be quite a nuisance in some areas. Southern Riccios may be found from around the Thaelon Wood to the woods just north of the Aj-Nuvic Grounds in the Shendar lands, while the Northern variety usually range from the Hovel Fronds Forests to the Heath of Wilderon. A very few reside south of the Tandalas, in the Calmarios Forest below the mountains. In Sarvonia, the Desert Riccios are only found in the Ráhaz-Dáth Desert, though they are also known in Aeruillin.
Habitat/Behaviour. In spite of its sharp quills, the Riccio is typically a very gentle animal. If it is not frightened or hurt, it will even allowed itself to be gently handled by people. Riccios are usually affectionate little animals, and are easily tamed. Hobbit children especially love to keep them as pets, sometimes to the dismay of their parents. However, they can be useful, as they can be trained to hunt for edible fungi.
Pricklypigs usually live eight to ten years, if they are not felled by predators. They are solitary except during the mating season. Sometimes they may be seen in small groups, but these are not permanent "herd" structures, simply chance meetings.
Diet. Riccios are largely herbivorous and, like many rodents, have strong sharp teeth. They eat fungi of various types, twigs and grass, fruits and vegetables, and occasionally grubs and beetles as well. They can easily chew right through a wooden fence post and sometimes can be caught gnawing on one. They love salt and many a cow or horse has put its muzzle down into a salt lick and yanked it back with a nose full of quills. Many a farmer has cursed the little creature when he finds his (wooden) tool handles chewed to bits, for the salt left by his sweat makes them irresistible to a Riccio.
Mating. During the breeding season, which occurs throughout the early spring to the late summer months, the Riccio sow will signal her receptivity to a male by emitting a sweet, high pitched chirruping sound which resembles that of a songbird. She will raise her quills, and sit on the ground "singing" until a male finds her. If two boars arrive simultaneously, they will face off with much grunting and hissing, nipping and quill raising. The displays are fierce but rarely become serious fights - a smaller or younger male will usually back down quickly and look for another female. Then the two Riccios circle each other tentatively, the female occasionally reaching out a paw to gently cuff her suitor's head. These are not hard blows and seem to increase the male's interest further. The female keeps her spines erected at this time, while the male's are flat. When she is ready to mate, she drops her quills so the boar can mount. This is an awkward process at best, for the quills are slippery and the male has to hold on to them with his teeth and claws to succeed.
After mating several times in succession, the two go their separate ways. The sow will give birth to a litter of around 3-6 young in about five weeks time. At birth they are white and fuzzy, with soft rubbery spines which harden within about one week of birth. They wean in about one month's time. If the female has had her litter very early in the season, she may mate again and produce a second litter, but this does not happen often.
Usages. The Riccio is edible, with a tasty, pale, fatty meat that is reminiscent of pork (thus the hobbit name "Porkprickle"). A favorite hobbit meal is "Clay-baked Porkprickle", in which the animal is killed, cleaned (without removing the skin) and coated thickly in clay, then baked at low temperatures in an oven or buried in coals in a firepit to cook for a long while. It may be stuffed with forcebread if desired, though often it is simply filled with a mixture of chopped meldarapples, weeproots and various spices (squillfung and kragghi are popular choices). After baking a few hours, the clay is broken open and removed, taking most of the quills with it. Then the skin is stripped off and the Porkprickle is ready to eat.
The quills are used both as decorative items and to "inject" medicines into the body (for one who may be too ill to swallow). A tiny sac, made from animal intestinal membrane, is filled with medication and attached to the base of the hollow quill. Then the very tip of the quill is inserted into a vein in the arm or leg, and the sac is squeezed to inject the medicine into the body. Thus a hobbit healer might say "One quill of this medicine twice a day for two days, or "You'll need three quills worth of this". These are typically the larger quills, imported from Northern Sarvonia as trade goods. Kuglimz women like to tie the quills on ribbons or strips of leather, string beads on them, and braid them into their hair or sew them on garments as decorations.
Myth/Lore. There are a few sayings about the Riccio. The hobbits say "He's trying to bump bottoms with a porkprickle" when referring to someone attempting the impossible. Kuglimz people have a similar saying, "Don't wrestle the curi'sar", meaning the same thing. Variants of these sayings may be found across Sarvonia.


text:
Date: August 9, 1983
Creator: Bailey, Dorothy J
Description: This report shows that in recent years, attention has increasingly focused upon the minority composition of the Federal judiciary, in apparent response to concerns that judges appointed to the Federal bench should more compositely reflect the U.S. population they serve. Two of the larger U.S. subpopulations served by the Federal judiciary are blacks and Hispanics. Accordingly, this mini brief lists chronologically and cumulatively the appointments of blacks and Hispanics to the Federal bench, which includes the U.S.Supreme Court, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and District courts.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


text:
Email to a friend
Researchers discover which
organs in Antarctic fish produce antifreeze
Life Sciences Editor
photo to enlarge
by L. Brian Stauffer
"Christina" C. Cheng, a professor of animal
biology at Illinois, and colleagues have discovered
that antifreeze glycoproteins originate in the exocrine
pancreas and the stomach of Antarctic fish, not the
liver as long presumed.
— Thirty-five years ago Arthur DeVries of the University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign first documented antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs)
in Antarctic notothenioid fishes. This month three colleagues report
they've solved the ensuing, long-running mystery of where these
AFGPs, which allow the fish to survive in icy waters, are produced.
"Ever since the discovery of these antifreeze proteins, it was
assumed they had to be produced in the liver, since the vertebrate liver
is well known as a source of secreted plasma protein, so there was no
reason to think otherwise" said Chi-Hing "Christina"
C. Cheng, a professor of animal
biology. "It turns out that the liver has no role in the freezing
avoidance in these fishes at all."
Instead, antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) originate primarily from the
exocrine pancreas and the stomach, say Cheng, Paul A. Cziko and Clive
W. Evans in a paper appearing online this week ahead of regular publication
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Cziko is a research
specialist at Illinois. Evans is a professor of molecular genetics and
development at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
The liver-synthesis mindset dominated earlier studies even though results
appeared to be at odds, Cheng said. The first radioactive-tracer characterization
of liver AFGP biosynthesis, in fact, suggested another source of production
was possible. Later on, Northern-blot studies had shown very low expression
levels of antifreeze messenger RNA in the liver, but this was inconsistent
with high levels of production of the protein, the researchers noted.
Cheng and colleagues
used Northern blots of total RNA from various tissues to hybridize with
an AFGP gene probe. A clear picture of strong AFGP mRNA expression came
into focus in the pancreatic tissues in all notothenioids tested. The
use of cDNA cloning and sequencing showed that the mRNA all encode secreted
An RNA analysis from tissues of a single notothenioid unveiled the anterior
portion of the stomach, next to the esophagus-stomach junction, as being
the only other site with strong AFGP mRNA expression. Using antibodies,
the researchers found the absence of liver synthesis and strong pancreas
expression in newly hatched fish larvae and young juveniles.
The exocrine pancreas is the larger of the two parts that make up the
pancreas. It consists of tubuloacinar glands that primarily manufacture
and secrete digestive enzymes that break down food in the intestine
so it can be absorbed.
In this case, AFGPs
are secreted into the intestinal lumen where they protect the intestinal
fluid from being frozen by ice crystals that come in with seawater and
food. Internal fluids in notothenioids are about one-half as salty as
seawater. While seawater reaches its freezing point at –1.91 degrees
Celsius, fish fluids freeze at about –1 degree Celsius. These
species dwell in water that rarely rises above the freezing point and
is regularly filled with ice crystals.
From the intestine, the AFGPs are, apparently, absorbed into the blood.
This hypothesis is based on the near-identical composition and abundance
of AFGPs found in the fish serum.
"In this comprehensive
study, we confirm that the exocrine pancreas is the major AFGP synthesis
site in Antarctic notothenioid fishes from hatching through adulthood,
while the liver is AFGP-expression null in all life stages," the
researchers conclude. "Because the notothenioids are confined
to chronically icy Antarctic waters, and face high risks of ice inoculation
from frequent seawater drinking, the evolution of AFGPs in these fishes
was probably driven first and foremost by the need to prevent the hyposmotic
intestinal fluid from freezing."
The researchers also studied a variety of fishes from Arctic waters
that have liver expression of AFGPs, and found that all of them also
express antifreeze in the pancreas.
The findings, they wrote, bring a new perspective to teleost freeze-avoidance
physiology and "reveals that the long-held paradigm of hepatic-based
AF synthesis and secretion is no longer universally applicable."
Instead, pancreatic antifreeze expression is universal.
The National Science Foundation funded the research through two grants
Cheng, while Evans received funding from the University of Auckland


text: We report on the nanopatteming of double-bond-terminated silane (5-hexenyltrichlorosilane, HTCS) molecules on titania (TiO2) using conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM). The influences of tip electrostatic potential and scanning velocity, relative humidity and of the repeated application of voltage on the topographic height, width, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic contrast of the resultant patterns were investigated. Tip voltage and tip velocity (v) were applied between -10 V <= V-tip <= +10 V and 100 nm/s <= v <= 2 mu m/s during the lithography step(s), respectively. Average height and Lateral Force Mode (LFM) images of patterns were obtained with different values of(-10 V <= V-tip <= -7 V) and v (100 nm/s <= v <= 2 mu m/s). The average height of the patterns is seen to decrease for increasing v and decreasing V-tip in both a single or repeated lithography step. No patterns were observed following a single or repeated lithography step for -5 V <= V-tip <= +10 V. This conductive lithography technique results in nanoscale physiochemical manipulations of the HTCS molecules that are manifested as controllable step heights ranging from similar to 1-15 nm possessing different chemistries on the patterned and unpatterned areas. The use of conductive-AFM nanolithography for altering and manipulating double-bond-terminated molecules on TiO2 surfaces suggests a range of applications, including selective immobilization and assembly of functionalized inorganic nanoparticles and biomolecules.


text:
# Web Application Scenario
This package monitors a Web server Response Time via a scenario (a series of web requests).
This package automatically configures the ServicePilot Agent to collect statistics from a Web Application Scenario using the ServicePilot Agent by checking Server Response Time for a series of web requests.
Network Flows - It is is necessary to ensure network connectivity between ServicePilot and the monitored device. In case of a network infrastructure using a firewall, all the ports below must be opened:
- TCP/80 (Default) (HTTP): Between ServicePilot Agent and Web Server
- ServicePilot Manager minimum version: 8.5
- ServicePilot Agent minimum version: 8.5 installed and configured
Before adding a resource to monitor, make certain that all pre-requisites are in place and that ServicePilot Agent is communicating correctly with the ServicePilot Manager.
Add resource using Views Configuration web interface
- As an administrative user of ServicePilot, open the ServicePilot web interface.
- Navigate to Administration. The Configuration > Views web page will open.
- Click on the view in which to place the new resource in the Views hierarchy on the left of the interface. The View editor section will show the existing view contents.
- From the Packages list on the right of the interface, click and drag the application-web-scenario package into the View editor and let go.
- The Resource properties dialog box will open to allow resource configuration.
- Click OK to close the Resource properties dialog box. Note that the dialog box will not close if required parameters are not set.
- Click Save to apply the new resource to ServicePilot configuration.
- Check if the object has been created in your map and that indicators are populated after a few minutes.
|Object Type||License object Consumed||Condition|
Key field notes
In the Monitoring Policies tab, specify the policy or policies to apply to the resource
Basic Parameters tab:
Scenario Condition: Select if one page or all pages are OK
First URL Parameters: tab:
- First URL: Specify the first URL of the Web site
- HTTPS?: Set it on to use HTTPS instead of HTTP
- HTTP Login: Specify the username
- HTTP Password: Specify the password
- HTTP Mode: Select between GET or POST from the drop down menu
- POST Parameters: (only for POST mode) Specify the required post parameters
Second URL Parameters tab is completed using the same guidelines as for First URL Parameters tab


cor.smooth {psych}R Documentation
Smooth a non-positive definite correlation matrix to make it positive definite
Factor analysis requires positive definite correlation matrices. Unfortunately, with pairwise deletion of missing data or if using tetrachoric or polychoric correlations, not all correlation matrices are positive definite. cor.smooth does a eigenvector (principal components) smoothing. Negative eigen values are replaced with 100 *.Machine$double.eps, the matrix is reproduced and forced to a correlation matrix using cov2cor.
A correlation matrix or a raw data matrix.
Report all abs(residuals) > cut
The smoothing is done by eigen value decomposition. eigen values <.Machine$double.eps are changed to 100 *.Machine$double.eps. The positive eigen values are rescaled to sum to the number of items. The matrix is recomputed (eigen.vectors %*% diag(eigen.values) %*% t(eigen.vectors) and forced to a correlation matrix using cov2cor. (See Bock, Gibbons and Muraki, 1988 and Wothke, 1993).
This does not implement the Knol and ten Berge (1989) solution, nor do nearcor and posdefify in sfmsmisc, not does nearPD in Matrix. As Martin Maechler puts it in the posdedify function, "there are more sophisticated algorithms to solve this and related problems."
cor.smoother examines all of nvar minors of rank nvar-1 by systematically dropping one variable at a time and finding the eigen value decomposition. It reports those variables, which, when dropped, produce a positive definite matrix. It also reports the number of negative eigenvalues when each variable is dropped. Finally, it compares the original correlation matrix to the smoothed correlation matrix and reports those items with absolute deviations great than cut. These are all hints as to what might be wrong with a correlation matrix.
The smoothed matrix with a warning reporting that smoothing was necessary (if smoothing was in fact necessary).
William Revelle
R. Darrell Bock, Robert Gibbons and Eiji Muraki (1988) Full-Information Item Factor Analysis. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12 (3), 261-280.
Werner Wothke (1993), Nonpositive definite matrices in structural modeling. In Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long (Editors),Testing structural equation models, Sage Publications, Newbury Park.
D.L. Knol and JMF ten Berge (1989) Least squares approximation of an improper correlation matrix by a proper one. Psychometrika, 54, 53-61.
See Also
tetrachoric, polychoric, fa and irt.fa, and the burt data set.
See also nearcor and posdefify in the sfsmisc package and nearPD in the Matrix package.
bs <- cor.smooth(burt) _TAG_ data set is not positive definite
plot(burt[lower.tri(burt)],bs[lower.tri(bs)],ylab="smoothed values",xlab="original values")
round(burt - bs,3)
fa(burt,2) _TAG_ throws a warning that the matrix yields an improper solution
_TAG_ first throws a warning that the matrix was improper, but produces a better solution
_TAG_ next example is a correlation matrix from DeLeuw used as an example in Knol and ten Berge.
_TAG_ example is also used in the nearcor documentation
 cat("pr is the example matrix used in Knol DL, ten Berge (1989)\n")
 pr <- matrix(c(1, 0.477, 0.644, 0.478, 0.651, 0.826,
 0.477, 1, 0.516, 0.233, 0.682, 0.75,
 0.644, 0.516, 1, 0.599, 0.581, 0.742,
 0.478, 0.233, 0.599, 1, 0.741, 0.8,
 0.651, 0.682, 0.581, 0.741, 1, 0.798,
 0.826, 0.75, 0.742, 0.8, 0.798, 1),
 nrow = 6, ncol = 6)
sm <- cor.smooth(pr)
resid <- pr - sm
# several goodness of fit tests
# from Knol and ten Berge
tr(resid %*% t(resid)) /2
# from nearPD
[Package psych version 1.4.5 Index]
Part of the Personality Project Take our Personality Test


Ten top reasons why Bingo is a relaxing and exciting game to play
When you enter a bingo room you yourself find that all players sitting in the table seem so excited about the Bingo game they are playing. Also the players seem relaxed chatting among themselves. It is all because this game requires no skill to play and so no real stress on the mind. Recently a survey of bingo player profiles came up with some surprising results. Not only were a full third of bingo players within the 25 to 34 year old age bracket, but about three quarters of them were women. Of all these players, 47% said that bingo was relaxing for them, while a further 34% said that it provided them with excitement.
So as Bingo is making such a profound impact on its fans here are the top 10 reasons why Bingo is a relaxing, exciting and fun game to play.
1. Bingo goes with the flow
In conventional versions of bingo, the idea is to very much 'go with the flow'. The outcome of bingo is entirely luck-based due to the fact that winning is determined only by whether or not the numbers on your bingo card are called. Some versions of bingo are more active and require player involvement such as the Mexican version of bingo – but that is mostly the exception to the rule.
Because bingo in general is a completely luck-based game, playing it involves simply going with the flow and paying attention to the numbers that are being called. It is easy to see why that would be relaxing, especially since little or no additional action is required on your part.
At the same time, because bingo is often in a social setting it is a nice way to spend time with others while relaxing too. That can often make it even more comfortable and turn it into an enjoyable social experience that you can share with friends and family.
2. Players anticipate of winning
While playing bingo in itself can be relaxing, the anticipation of winning can also be exciting. In particular the excitement tends to most apparent when you're 'calling' i.e. you have one number to go to win, but it is also present when several of your numbers are called in a row.
That excitement can be quite high if the prize is big – but even for smaller prizes it is still present too. The fact that you are winning or stand a good chance of winning is often the trigger, which is why many players who look to bingo as a source of excitement tend to like to play with multiple cards.
By playing with multiple cards, the odds of your numbers being called are higher. More importantly, it will keep you busy trying to keep track of all the numbers that are being called and mark them down correctly – which can be exciting in its own right too.
3. Bingo play costs are low
With low ticket prices at Bingo Clubs you do not worry about losing much of your bankroll. Whilst you can buy as many tickets as you like if you only have a small account of cash set aside to play bingo in a land based Australia bingo hall you will web able to buy just one ticket book which should allow you play for one full session at a much reduced cost
4. Bingo offers big Jackpot games
You will find that on each session held in a bingo club there will be at the very least one big jackpot paying game, and as such with some luck in playing you really could win big! As you can buy as many tickets as you like on each bingo game played it may prove beneficial for you to buy some extra tickets for those big paying bingo games. So the excitement is always there to play and win Big.
5. There are flexible play timings
As there are varied opening times and different sessions played at all bingo clubs and bingo halls in Australia and as such you will find they have morning, afternoon and evening sessions making it your flexibility to play the game the time that suits you the best. So if you ever do find yourself at a loose end you will always find one of your local bingo venues offering you a session.
6. You get to relax with meals and drinks at Bingo clubs
One of the most social aspects of visiting a bingo club anywhere in Australia is that you will find both a restaurant or meals being served and also a bar selling every type of drink imaginable! So if you are ever peckish or fancy a drink then you will have plenty of meals and drinks to choose from, which will be handy if you are playing with friends or family as you can all eat and drink together. Just creating a relaxed and friendly environment.
7. No fees to pay at Bingo venues
Many bingo clubs and bingo halls will require you to register as a new member if you have never played at those venues before. The registration process is fairly straight forward at all bingo clubs and halls and will simply entail you filling in a membership form.
To join simply present yourself to the reception deck and they will then give you the necessary form to fill in, please be aware that you will have to provide some form of identity document to prove your age and once you have filled in that form you will then be presented with a membership card that will allow you to visit the venue whenever you like without having to register again.
In fact most bingo halls and clubs may allow you to sign in a guest so if you do fancy playing bingo in such a venue with a friend or family member then you will be able to sign them in instantly.
8. You get to grab the special Bingo promotions
As all bingo clubs and bingo halls are facing some very stiff competition from online bingo sites you will find that all of them tend to offer some very valuable promotional offers in an attempt to get you to visit their respective venues. If you are therefore interested in paying a visit to a bingo club in Australia then it may prove very beneficial for you to contact the bingo club before you plan a visit to see on which days and on which bingo playing session they have any special promotional offers available.
In fact one of the best ways to keep track of the special promotional offers offered at such venues is to either sing up to their email list or check on their website, as it is their respective websites that will usually let you know when any special promotions will be available to you.
The types of promotional offers can vary from bingo club to bingo club so always be prepared to compare what each of your local bingo venues are offering as you can often find some very generous promotions are available on certain days of the week! So what's more relaxing and exciting to play and enjoy.
9. You get to make new friends
With so many Bingo fans collectively playing this exciting games you get to know each other and make new friends. You meet like minded players and get along well with each other at Bingo table, relax, enjoy drinks, gossip and make a comfortable discussion. This form of social interaction as well as help with cognitive function – it definitely does have real life benefits.
10. There are numerous ways and places to enjoy Bingo
Bingo is offered in numerous ways like 60 ball or 9 Ball Bingo. Also almost all states of Australia offer Bingo game in clubs and Bingo halls. You are never short of Bingo in any case as always there are Bingo games going on somewhere near you which you need to find out. Thus it is not frustrating not to find Bingo. The fact that Bingo is able to provide relaxation or excitement is one of the most profound benefits. Being able to kick back and play your favorite games to reduce your stress levels or take a break from work is nothing to sniff at.


How to measure hydraulic waveforms with a PicoScope
Hydraulic waveforms: Examples and analysis
Pico's Engine and hydraulics kit allows you to diagnose problems on your engine and hydraulics equipment. You can use it for simple tests of purely electric signals, such as extending and retracting a hydraulic ram, and for full system tests.
Typical uses for the engine and hydraulics kit:
The Engine and hydraulics kit lets you diagnose problems on your equipment relating to either engine or hydraulics. Allowing pressures up to 600 bar to be monitored against time enables you to connect the WPS600C to the relevant hydraulic test port, then view activity and transitions in hydraulic pressure that were never previously visible with conventional gauges.
 - Hydraulic pump performance
 - Hydraulic valve switching activity
 - Hydraulic pressure control valve performance
 - Hydraulic pressure decay
 - Residual hydraulic pressure
Examples using the kit
The settings and connections you have to use depend on the test you want to perform and the vehicle you wish to test. Here we have compiled some examples to illustrate what possible waveforms you may see on the screen, and what to look for during the diagnostic process.
 - Example 1 – Hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch
 - Example 2 – Hydraulic system on telehandler
 - Example 3 – Hydraulic clutch pack
Example 1: Hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch
Test: Extending and lowering the hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Current on lowering solenoid
 - Channel B: Current on lifting solenoid
 - Channel C: Position sensor
Example 1; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 - Lifting operation
 - Lowering operation
 - Position sensor voltage during lifting and lowering
This example shows you the difference in behavior between lifting and lowering. The lift was under manual control, and you can see that the waveform during this period is quite uneven. Lowering was under the control of the ECU, and here you can see that the waveform displays a soft start and finish.
The control valves used in this example are both pulse width modulated (PWM) dither valves. This means that the average current through them is proportional to the mark-space ratio of the controlling voltage signal, the midpoint current at any instant indicating the degree to which the valve is open or closed. The ripple on the PWM current shows the underlying frequency of the PWM signal (in this case 125 Hz).
Example 2: Hydraulic system on telehandler
With more advanced system testing, you can explore the operation of the whole system with one capture. In this example, we look at the performance of the hydraulic system on a telehandler using the TA377 300 lpm Webtec flowmeter (not included in the kit).
There is a huge amount of diagnostic information in this capture, showing both the basic operation of the system and some of the feedback controls built into this vehicle. Engine speed can be inferred from the crank speed sensor by using a measurement showing the frequency of the crank signal between two closely spaced rulers. As the crank sensor on this engine is a 60-tooth wheel with two teeth missing, engine RPM is almost the same as the crank sensor frequency (RPM is 3.5% higher). The vehicle was sitting with the boom raised and the forks pointing down.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Crank speed sensor
 - Channel B: Main control valve solenoid
 - Channel C: Flow through aux (auxiliary) line
 - Channel D: Hydraulic pressure at control valve output
Example 2; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 1. The engine is started – the crank sensor speeds up to its tick-over value and the hydraulic system pressurizes to its standby pressure. The dither control on the main valve starts at a minimum value and builds slowly to avoid stalling the engine.
 2. The waveform shows a steady state, with the engine idling and only the standby flow in the internal hydraulic system to provide lubrication for the main hydraulic components. Note: at this time there is no significant hydraulic flow in the aux line.
 3. The aux system is turned on with the full flow rate of 30 lpm going to tank. The engine speed remains constant. The hydraulic pressure at the pump has increased to cope with the flow through the aux line.
 4. The forks are lifted to apply some load to the system. As you can see, the flow to the ram has priority over the aux line and the flow in the aux line drops to near zero (the flow meter used had a minimum flow reading of around 15 lpm – below this value the scope trace will disappear off the bottom of the screen). As the forks start to lift, you can see the line pressure drop to near standby, as there is no real load on the forks and the standby pressure is enough to overcome gravity. As the ram reaches its end stop, you can see a small pressure step as the soft-finish function of the ram cuts in.
 5. With the forks fully up, the operator applies and maintains full pressure to the system to generatemaximum load. As this occurs, several things happen:
 - First, the pressure goes to system maximum.
 - The flow is switched back to the aux line as the forks cylinder no longer requires a significant flow.
 - The engine slows down as the load comes on due to the increased power demand. If you calculate the engine speed as the system goes to max load you will see the approximate engine speed drop from around 820 RPM to 720 RPM. Once the revs have dropped by the preset amount, the engine's anti-stall system cuts in to keep it running.
 - The pulse width modulated (PWM) main control valve is backed off a small amount to unload the engine. You can see this in the way the max current (Channel B) dips slightly. This unloading, along with the engine's electronic controls, allows the ECU to return the engine to the correct number of revs. An additional effect of the pressure backing off is the rounded nature of the initial corner as the pump goes to maximum pressure.
 1. The operator stops applying pressure to the forks cylinder. Although the forks do not actually move, you can see the pressure decay. When this happens, the load on the engine is removed and the engine starts to speed up. The engine ECU uses the hydraulic system as a brake and opens the main control valve slightly to apply more load to the engine, bringing its speed back to the correct value as quickly aspossible.
From this simple test, we can see how the system's electronic control is applied to manage the operation of the complete system.
It is important to understand that a simple-sounding fault such as "the engine stalls when a heavy hydraulic load is applied" can be down to problems with either the engine or the hydraulic system. Having the ability to directly relate the hydraulic system's performance to engine signals such as injectors or the crank sensor can show the technician not only what is happening, but also what the ECU expects to be happening, hence highlighting an issue.
In PicoScope 6 you can set up a math channel to plot the engine RPM as it varies. This gives you a graphical view of the behavior of the engine anti-stall system. In the example below we are using a lowpass filter with a 2 Hz cut-off in order to remove the peaks that come from the missing teeth in the crank sensor reluctor wheel.
Example math channel formula: 1.034*LowPass(freq(A),2), with Units named as RPM and Max Range set at 1200.
1.034 is the correction factor to convert from 58 pulses per second from the crank sensor to RPM.
Example 2-2; © Pico Technology
Example 3: Hydraulic clutch pack
This example is from a hydraulic clutch pack changing from Clutch A to Clutch B. It illustrates the real-world delays caused by the time it takes for the valve spools to move, oil to flow, and pressure to decay. Note that the entire changeover only takes 250 ms, and there is less than 200 ms between turning one solenoid on and turning the second off.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Clutch B pressure
 - Channel B: Clutch A pressure
 - Channel C: Clutch B current
 - Channel D: Clutch A current
Example 3; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 1. The solenoid in Clutch B is activated
 2. The pressure in Clutch A starts to decrease
 3. The pressure in Clutch B starts to increase
 4. The solenoid in Clutch A is deactivated
 5. The pressure in Clutch B plateaus until the clutch is deactivated. The pressure then rises to its full normal operating pressure
We can see that Clutch A is already engaged and that the pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to its control solenoid is active. Note that the pressure traces for the two clutches have different vertical scales.
When the clutch change is activated, first the power is turned on to Clutch B. For a short period of time nothing appears to happen. In fact, the spool moves within the directional control valve and oil starts to flow. Once the valve spool has moved far enough, we can see the pressure in Clutch A begin to decrease. With this clutch pack design, there is an internal gallery between the two clutches to speed


A snowpack stratum differentiated from others by weather, metamorphism, or other processes.
Snow storms vary, with differences in wind, temperature and other factors, creating a layered snowpack. With time, snow also settles and or changes, further differentiating the layers. As a result snowpack tends to be formed from a number of layers of varying hardness, strength, and cohesion. It is the relationship between each layer, that forms a basic element of avalanche forecasting.


text:
Could you tell me exactlly what the difference in the meaning is between thsese?
1.he half fell off the horse.
2.he half dropped from the horse.
3.he get off the horse.
4.he dismount the horse.
About specially about number1,I reallu confused and cant understand what it means????
Could you tell me if these are the answers or no?
It's the manner in which he got down from the horse.
1. Very clumsily
2. With some intent
3. He knew what he was doing
4. He was an experienced rider


text:
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math, by Economic Status
What does this measure?
The percent of students tested who scored at level 3 or above—meeting or exceeding the state standard—on the Grade 8 Math exam, broken down by students' economic background. The test is scored by placing a student's performance in one of four levels.
Why is this important?
The middle school math examination serves as a checkpoint for high school preparation. Performance on this exam can help predict high school success in math.
How are Cayuga and Seneca counties performing?
In 2010, 45% of low–income eighth–graders passed the math exam, compared to 65% of other eighth–graders in Cayuga. In Seneca, 41% of low–income eighth–graders passed, compared to 63% of other eighth–graders. The difference between passing rates for low–income students and other students was not as large in Cayuga and Seneca as it was at the state (excluding NYC), where the passing rate for low–income students was 37%, compared to 70% for other eighth–graders. Performance of low–income students in Cayuga and Seneca was similar to comparison counties, which ranged from 37%–49%, with the exception of Onondaga (27%). However, performance of other students in Cayuga and Seneca was below that of comparison counties, which ranged from 65%–78%.
Between 2009 and 2010, all six counties and the state saw drastic declines in performance as a result of the state changing the threshold for passing the exam.
Notes about the data
In 2010, the state raised the threshold for passing, requiring students to answer more questions correctly. This came after research indicated the state tests were not accurately assessing students' current skills or likelihood of succeeding at the high school and college levels. The revision impacts the comparability of test results year to year.
Students eligible for free or reduced–price lunch are considered low–income. Test results for small groups of students were not disclosed to protect student privacy.


use tube in a sentence, make example sentences of the word a cardboard tube in,
English words and Examples of Usage
Example Sentences for "tube"
We put a cardboard tube in our pet hedgehog's cage for her to play withWe need to buy another tube of toothpaste.
We put a cardboard tube in our pet hedgehog's cage for her to play with.
I can't believe you paid $15 for that small tube of face moisturizer.
I have to buy a new inner tube for my bicycle because my tire is flat.
He was lying unconscious in his hospital bed, and had to be fed through a tube inserted in his nose.
Something is caught in the vacuum tube and I can't clean the carpet.
She looked at about 50 different tubes of paint before finding the colors she wanted.
The bicycle wagons are made with a very strong tubular steel frame.
I bought a handy little pocket-sized tube of toothpaste to take when we go camping.
He was lying in the hospital bed with various tubes running in and out of his nose, mouth and arms.
We're going to stay home, and watch the hockey game on the tube tonight.
There is a Japanese proverb which notes that you can't see the whole sky through a bamboo tube.
H. R. Haldeman observed that once the toothpaste is out of the tube, it is awfully hard to get it back in.
Astronaut John Glenn ate the first meal in space when he ate applesauce squeezed from a tube aboard a rocket in 1962.
B.F. Goodrich announced the development of the tubeless tire in May of 1947.
Example sentences with the tube, a sentence example for tube, and how to make tube in sample sentence, how do I use the word tube in a sentence? How do you spell tube in a sentence? spelling of tube
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Document Type
Publication Date
The University of New Orleans (UNO) was one of the first universities to receive a Disaster Resistant University (DRU) grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Within a year of starting the DRU planning initiative at UNO, Hurricane Katrina struck the area on August 29th, 2005. This catastrophe provided a meaningful (albeit unwelcome) opportunity to evaluate the plan, learn, and redesign as needed post-Katrina.
The presentation will provide a brief history of the development of UNO's DRU planning process pre-Katrina. This will be followed by a brief description of the impact of the hurricane on the UNO community…its physical plant, its operation, its students and its faculty. Certainly, the long-term recovery process of the university presented many challenges, and the author will briefly cover how and why various courses of action were developed. We'll give a candid assessment of what worked, what didn't, what we could have done better, why some measures were effective, and what we should have done differently.
The presentation will conclude with a brief description of UNO's move to a continuous process improvement (CPI) paradigm; why it's important to the DRU process and to emergency management in general.


text: Fe3O4@His@Cu magnetic recyclable nanocatalyst (MRCs) was synthesized by reflux method using L-histidine as linker. The composition, structure and magnetic property of the product were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Powder XRD, FTIR and EDAX results confirmed that the as-synthesized products has Fe3O4 with spinel structure and Cu nanoparticles with moderate crystallinity without any other impurities. The surface of the Fe3O4@His nanocomposite was covered by tiny Cu nanoparticles. We examine the catalytic activity of Fe3O4@His@Cu MRCs for the degradation of two azo dyes, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) as well as their mixture. The reusability of the nanocatalyst was good and sustained even after 3 cycles. Therefore this innovated Fe3O4@His@Cu MRCs has a potential to be used for purification of waste water.


text:
The last months of the millennium are the perfect time to contemplate the vision of peace on earth in the Peaceable Kingdom paintings of Edward Hicks (_PHONE_). Hicks, a Pennsylvania sign painter and Quaker preacher, painted over 100 different versions of the Peaceable Kingdom.
Only 62 still exist, and each is an icon of American art. Remarkably, 25 Peaceable Kingdoms have been gathered together for the exhibition "The Kingdoms of Edward Hicks" at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Oct. 10, 1999-Jan. 2, 2000. Carolyn J. Weekley, director of museums for Colonial Williamsburg (including the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center), organized this quintessential Hicks show, which charts the development of the paintings and the life of their talented and temperamental creator.
Hicks did not start out as a Quaker. He wasn't even particularly religious. While some of his family were Quakers, his parents were Anglicans, and lost much of their wealth and status during the Revolutionary War. When his mother died only 18 months after his birth, his father boarded Edward and his two siblings with neighbors. Hicks was never close to his father, but found a loving home at age three with the Quakers Elizabeth and David Twining, who raised Hicks on their farm along with their own children.
As an apprentice to coach makers, Hicks drank and partied. Subject to emotional swings his entire life, and not particularly robust, he had managed to settle into the job of sign-painter, one of the less strenuous parts of coach making. He also painted household goods, tavern and other shop signs, and the occasional oil on canvas, examples of which are included in the show. Around 1800 he befriended a young Quaker and began attending Quaker meetings. He became a minister in 1811.
Hicks's profession of decorative painting was at odds with Quaker plain living, but he failed as a farmer and it was his only means of supporting his wife and children. His own conflicted feelings about painting may have been one of the reasons he chose to paint Peaceable Kingdoms, his interpretation of this Biblical passage from Isaiah 11, verses 6-8:
The Wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion with the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the suckling child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's den.
Many Quakers believed this passage described the Quietism of their faith, their belief in relinquishing the willful self and listening to God. It would have appealed to Hicks' fellow Quakers, to whom he gave most of his Kingdoms as gifts.
Hicks borrowed his basic design elements from an engraving by Richard Westall printed in many 19th-century Bibles. Over time, he added a vignette from the painting Penn's Treaty with the Indians, substituted a group of Quakers talking with angels, or put the Natural Bridge in Virginia in the left side of the paintings. He also changed the arrangement of the child or children and animals and often put in a figure of Liberty feeding an eagle.
Above all, this exhibition proves just how different Hicks's many variations are. Weekley divides Hicks's Kingdoms into three groups. While not signed, the earliest Peaceable Kingdom attributed to Hicks dates from around 1816-18. His ability to paint shadows to suggest depth is limited and his drawing is odd, to say the least.
Most of the early group (to the late 1820s) has survived with their original lettered borders intact. The children are mild; the animals tame. Hicks's Peaceable Kingdom of the Branch from 1822-5 shows great strides in his ability to compose a picture and greater confidence in rendering both figural and landscape passages.
A controversy between "Hicksite" Quakers (led by Edward's cousin Elias) and more worldly urban "Orthodox" Quakers, who favored the ways of English Quakers, resulted in a schism in 1827. The Orthodox Quakers accepted all scripture, a way of lessening the importance of Quietism and the personal interpretation of religious issues. The split was a constant source of upset to many rural American Quakers, especially Elias and Edward Hicks.
Around 1829 to 1832, Edward Hicks inserted a group of people, always in the middle left of his Kingdoms. The group was always the same, with his cousin Elias (who died in 1830) surrounded by other dead Quaker divines engaged in conversation with a banner overhead. From this point onward, Hicks experiments with the look, placement and number of animals. These transitional "banner" group images, and Penn's Treaty with the Indians have some mighty edgy animals in them.
Weekley calls the paintings of the middle period (roughly 1830 to 1840) Hicks' most sophisticated. In a sermon, Hicks outlined his view of four of the animals as representing the four humors of man, a concept from the Middle Ages, and a metaphor that his fellow-Quakers would have understood. The melancholic wolf, the phlegmatic bear, the sanguine leopard and the choleric lion play big roles. The lion, associated with England and the English Orthodox Quakers, gets special emphasis.
From 1835 on, Hicks' animals grew increasingly serene and passive. In the late 1830s he frequently inserted a third child, (there were only two in the earlier works), who appears to be Liberty, as she holds a dove in one hand and an eagle resting on the other hand.
By the 1840s, Hicks was no longer leaving home for missionary work and resigned to the split within the Quakers. The animals in the kingdom paintings seem to age as he did. The show ends with some of Hicks' late pastoral paintings of farms.
The well-researched catalogue (Abrams) by Weekley is a must-have for anyone interested in American art and life of the early 19th century.
After its premiere in Philadelphia, "The Kingdoms of Edward Hicks" travels to the Denver Art Museum, Feb. 12-Apr. 30, 2000, and to the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, M. H. DeYoung Memorial Museum, Sept. 24 through February 2001.


text:
Tangent Circles Theorem: Common Tangents & Concurrent Point.
School, SAT Prep, College
The common tangents of three mutually
tangential circles A,
B, and C taken in pairs are concurrent in the point P. P is the
incenter of triangle ABC (center of the incircle).
Dynamic Geometry: You can alter the figure above
dynamically in order to test and prove (or disproved)
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readily available with static drawings by hand.
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Grokbase Groups Pig user March 2009
Thanks for the response... unfortunately the output I get is:
(, 1, 1)
(w, 1, 1)
(x, 3, 3) <--- $2 should be a '2' not a '3'.
(y, 1, 1)
(z, 1, 1)
Desired results:
x,3,2 <--- $2 should be a '2' and not a '3' because the values for 'x' are (a,b,b) and so there are only 2 distinct values.
I was able to get the output of (x,3,3) via another way
A = load 'test.csv' using PigStorage(',') as (a1,a2,a3);
B = group A by $0;
C = distinct B;
D = foreach C generate group, COUNT(A.a2), COUNT(A.a3);
...but to make it work as a distinct count I would like to achieve (x,3,2) not (x,3,3).
Would I need to write a UDF called COUNT_DISTINCT based mostly on the COUNT function? If so how?
Would replacing...
public void exec(Tuple input, DataAtom output) throws IOException {
output.setValue(count(input)); <--- I suppose this should return a count of hash keys or something???
} sufficient?
Thanks in advance,
-----Original Message-----
From: Alan Gates
Sent: Wednesday, March 18, 2009 2:56 PM
Subject: Re: count distinct using pig?
B = group A by $0;
C = foreach B {
D1 = A.a2;
D2 = distinct D1;
E1 = A.a3;
E2 = distinct D2;
generate group, COUNT(D2), COUNT(E2);
store C into 'output';
On Mar 18, 2009, at 1:43 PM, Avram Aelony wrote:
Hello Pig list,
several categorical variables a1-a3 and am seeking to compute
distinct counts of fields a2 and a3 by field a1.
How can I get distinct counts?
For example:
dump A;
(x, X, a)
(y, Y, b)
(x, XX, b)
(z, Z, c)
(w, X, )
(, W, d)
(x,, b)
B = group A by $0;
dump B;
(, {(, W, d)})
(w, {(w, X, )})
(x, {(x, X, a), (x, XX, b), (x,, b)})
(y, {(y, Y, b)})
(z, {(z, Z, c)})
# how do I get distinct counts by $0??
_TAG_ output:
Many thanks,
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Stanley Chalk Line Reel
Ever since I was a kid watching my dad use a chalk line, I was curious about the simplicity of its design. A chalk line can be used to mark a long straight line on a wall or as a plumb bob. Inside the polypropylene casing is 100 feet of string which sits in a purple chalk. Extend the line from one point to another and then "ping it" and a purple-coloured line appears. The external crank handle is used to rewind the line. Turn it perpendicular and you have a plumb bob. So simple, so effective, and what's not to love about chalk lines!
Here's a video showing you how to use a chalk line.
-- Doug Watson
Stanley Chalk Line Reel
Available from Amazon


text:
Disproportionation happens when an electron from one atom is taken by another one, making two different chemicals. It is the opposite of symproportionation, which is the giving of electrons from one atom to another atom, It makes one chemical from two different chemicals.
Example of disproportionation[change | change source]
Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) reacts with itself when it is dried. One atom gives two electrons away to two other atoms. The first atom becomes sodium chlorate, while the other two that got the electrons becomes sodium chloride. 3 NaClO → 2 NaCl + NaClO3
Example of symproportionation[change | change source]
Ferric ions react with iron metal. Two ferric ions give two electrons (one electron for each atom) to one iron atom. The ferric ion becomes a ferrous ion. The iron also becomes a ferrous ion. 2 Fe3+ + Fe → 3 Fe2+


Books tagged: lethal spider
Found 1 result
The Oert Spider
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 55,270. Language: English. Published: August 9, 2012. Categories: Fiction » Science fiction » Apocalyptic
In a world already under stress a new and terrifying peril emerges threatening all life on earth. This unearthly quantum monster, takes the form of a scintillating spider. Not really alive, it kills without remorse or limit. It is left to two young scientists and a brilliant, but almost derelict older physicist to solve the terrible mystery of the Spider and its spawn before the world is lost.


text:
Touch Sensitive Textiles
Touch-responsive textiles are sensors and interface systems.
Strain-sensitive electrically conductive textiles use functionalised graphene to allow real time monitoring of changes in stress, strain and pressure. When used in clothing, physical effort and wellbeing can be monitored. In structural health monitoring of civil engineering structures, such as roads, buildings and dams, maintenance costs can be reduced and data capture enriched.
Textiles that respond to touch can be developed for smart clothing that will interface with external systems. Touch-sensitive areas of clothing take the convergence of electronics and clothing beyond the current 'wearables' trend into the next phase of intelligent, self-reporting high value.clothing.


text:
AAI Urges FERC to Monitor Small M&A Transactions for Competitive Effects on Wholesale Power Markets, After Passage of Law Exempting Them From Commission Review
AAI filed comments in Federal Energy Regulatory Commission rulemaking RM19-4-000: Implementation of Amended Section 203(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Power Act. AAI's comments urge the Commission to expand on its proposed notification requirements for transactions that fall between $1-10 million in value that are now exempt from regulatory review. The comments identify a number of compelling reasons for why expanded notification requirements for small transactions will facilitate the Commission's collection of data and information that is necessary for the agency to monitor and evaluate changes in wholesale power markets. These reasons include how:
- A succession of small horizontal or vertical transactions can result in the accretion of market power.
- Acquisitions of small partial ownership shares in strategic assets can raise competitive concerns related to crossor common ownership.
- The unique nature of electricity markets can make even small transactions strategically advantageous.
AAI also suggests in the comments that a number of long-pending Commission rulemakings that address various key aspects of competition in wholesale power markets be given particularly careful and timely attention.


text:
A Political Chronology of the World
Routledge – 2010 – 996 pages
A Political Chronology of the World is a major new publication which gives an impartial record of the political, geographical and economic events that have helped to shape world history.
Although the book includes greater coverage of more recent events—particularly in countries with a recent history of political upheaval—it also provides invaluable detail on the early history of each nation. Each chronology begins at least as early as the emergence of an entity resembling the modern nation, and in many cases considerably earlier.
In addition to coverage of purely political events, the title also includes details of the principal economic, cultural and social landmarks in the history of each nation. Examples might include the adoption of new languages, alphabets, calendars or religions. This volume aims to be the first point of reference for concise information on the history of each nation in the world.
Organized with a chapter for each country in the world, contents include:


The Birds Directive and Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
This piece of domestic legislation remains a very important statute relating to wildlife protection in Scotland.
The Birds Directive
The Birds Directive is the short name for Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds.
This Directive requires the classification of European sites known as Special Protection Areas for species on Annex I but also provides legal protection for all wild bird, their nests, eggs and habitats within the European community.
The Wildlife and Countryside Act
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 was a fairly simple source of wildlife law in Great Britain when it was enacted to implement the Birds Directive and Bern Convention. But the legal picture is now more complex.
Firstly, the Habitats Regulations 1994 introduced a separate set of rules for those species (and habitats) protected under the Habitats Directive.
Secondly, devolution resulted in changes to the 1981 Act, through the:
Further, the Habitats Regulations in Scotland differ from those in England and Wales.
View the consolidated version of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This may not show all the amendments as they apply in Scotland.
The 1981 Act applies to our terrestrial environment and inshore waters (within 12 nautical miles of land).
Part 1 of the Act details a large number of offences in relation to the killing and taking of wild birds, other animals and plants.
Schedules attached to the Act categorise species. The level of protection given to a species depends on the schedule it's listed on.
The main schedules are:
NatureScot and the other country agencies must review Schedules 5 and 8 every five years.
You can also view a table of all of Scotland's protected species, which details the legislation under which each is protected.
As noted above, there are many offences in relation to the killing and taking of wild birds, other animals and plants. Some offences are specific and others more general. For example, it's an offence to commit or attempt to commit specific actions in relation to protected species of animal, bird and plant.
Corroborated evidence is usually needed to secure a conviction in Scotland. But a person may be convicted of taking or destroying birds' eggs on the evidence of a single witness.
Some offences require intentional or reckless behaviour on the part of the accused.
Other offences are of strict liability (e.g. the possession or sale of specimens). This means that the law expects accused persons to show their innocence. If you hold a protected species, you do so at your own risk.
There are various exceptions to – or defences against – the offences set out by the legislation, including licensing.
Discover the specific offences listed for each protected species.
Learn more about licensing.
Find out about wildlife crime.
Last updated:


text:
aspect ratio in a sentence
Example sentences for aspect ratio
But they are still susceptible to the prosaic deceptions of data displays such as scale, aspect ratio and placement.
It's features include the ability to adjust time between exposure, motor speed, aspect ratio and picture overlap.
The picture was crisper but the aspect ratio was poorly adjusted for the smaller screen.
The aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the square of the span divided by the wing area.
At a constant velocity in airflow, a high aspect ratio.
Aspect ratio is the ratio of effective length to height of the collector surface.
The aspect ratio is the length of the collection field divided by the height of the collection field.


Leeds University Bans Profs From Using Capital Letters As It Scares Students
2 years ago
Obviously, you already heard from the Typical Student team about all these weird bans in colleges. Still, this time, lecturers have been banned from using capital letters when assigning work to students. Why is that? Just because it might upset them!
Where Did The Ban Happen?
leeds-bans-capital-letters-2.jpgThis story happened at the Leeds Trinity University, West Yorkshire, England. Local staff at the journalism department was informed that using uppercase letters may upset the students. Actually, the memo said that it will 'scare them into failure'. To say more, the memo also suggested how to address the students. There were such points as writing in a friendly tone and avoiding overbearing and negative language.
The Reaction
leeds-bans-capital-letters-1.jpgAs expected, some employees replied that they need caps to ensure students don't miss an important part of the assignment. The memo follows two other unis banning fancy dress and clapping. Firstly, autumn 2018, Kent University created a ban on students wearing costumes deemed 'inappropriate and offensive'. There were such things as cowboy outfits and sombreros, because they may jeopardize other students'.
Secondly, at the University of Manchester, the student union decided to replaced clapping with jazz hands. It was made to prevent people suffering from anxiety or sensory issues.
recommended for you
Any questions or propositions?


theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}\theta+\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{y})}{\partial \theta} \\ =\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial (\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}\theta+\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{y})}{\partial \theta} \\ =\frac{1}{2} (\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}+\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X} )\\ =\frac{1}{2}(\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-2\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}) \\ =\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}=0
Normal Equation: θ=(XTX)1XTy\theta=(\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X})^{-1}\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}
What do you mean by affine transformation? Discuss affine vs. linear transformation.
A function ff is linear if f(ax+by)=af(x)+bf(y)f(ax+by)=af(x)+bf(y) for all relevant values of aa, bb, xx and yy.
A function gg is affine if g(x)=f(x)+cg(x)=f(x)+c for some linear function aa and constant cc. Note that we allow c=0c=0, which implies that every linear function is an affine function.
 1. All linear transformations are affine transformations.
 2. Not all affine transformations are linear transformations.
 3. It can be shown that any affine transformation A:UVA:U \rightarrow V can be written as A(x)=Lx)+v0A(x)=Lx)+v_0, where v0v_0 is some vector from VV and L:UVL:U \rightarrow V is a linear transformation.
Discuss training error, test error, generalization error, overfitting, and underfitting.
overfitting: What happens when the gap between the training error and test error is too large
underfitting: What happens when the model is not able to obtain a sufficiently low error value on the training set
training error: When training a machine learning model, we have access to a training set, we can compute some error measure on the training set
generalization error/test error: The expected value of the error on a new input. Here the expectation is taken across different possible inputs, drawn from the distribution of inputs we expect the system to encounter in practice
Visual summary
Compare representational capacity vs. effective capacity of a model.
Representational capacity - the functions which the model can learn; The model specifies which family of functions the learning algorithm can choose from when varying the parameters in order to reduce a training objective.
Effective capacity - in practice, a learning algorithm is not likely to find the best function out of the possible functions it can learn, though it can learn one that performs exceptionally well - those functions that the learning algorithm is capable of finding defines the model's effective capacity.
These additional limitations, such as the imperfection of the optimization algorithm, mean that the learning algorithm's effective capacity may be less than the representational capacity of the model family
What is VC dimension?
The VC dimension measures the capacity of a binary classifier. The VC dimension is defined as being the largest possible value of mm for which there exists a training set of mm different xx points that the classifier can label arbitrarily.
What are nonparametric models? What is nonparametric learning?
Parametric models: learn a function described by a parameter vector whose size is finite and fixed before any data is observed (linear regression)
Non-parametric models: assume that the data distribution cannot be defined in terms of a finite set of parameters. But they can often be defined by assuming an infinite dimensional θ\theta. Usually we think of θ\theta as a function (nearest neighbor regression)
What is an ideal model? What is Bayes error? What is/are the source(s) of Bayes error occur?
The ideal model: is an oracle that simply knows the true probability distribution that generates the data.
 - Even such a model will still incur some error on many problems, because there may still be some noise in the distribution. In the case of supervised learning, the mapping from xx to yy may be inherently stochastic, or yy may be a deterministic function that involves other variables besides those included in xx.
Bayes error: the lowest possible prediction error that can be achieved and is the same as irreducible error. ; The error incurred by an oracle making predictions from the true distribution p(x,y)p(x, y).
Source(s) of Bayes error: noise in the distribution if the process is random
What is the "no free lunch" theorem in connection to Machine Learning?
The no free lunch theorem for machine learning (Wolpert, 1996) states that, averaged over all possible data generating distributions, every classification algorithm has the same error rate when classifying previously unobserved points. In other words, in some sense, no machine learning algorithm is universally any better than any other. The most sophisticated algorithm we can conceive of has the same average performance (over all possible tasks) as merely predicting that every point belongs to the same class.
Fortunately, these results hold only when we average over all possible data generating distributions. **If we make assumptions about the kinds of probability distributions we encounter in real-world applications, then we can design learning algorithms that perform well on these distributions.
This means that the goal of machine learning research is not to seek a universal learning algorithm or the absolute best learning algorithm. Instead, our goal is to understand what kinds of distributions are relevant to the "real world" that an AI agent experiences, and what kinds of machine learning algorithms perform well on data drawn from the kinds of data generating distributions we care about.
What is regularization? Intuitively, what does regularization do during the optimization procedure?
We regularize a model that learns a function f(x;θ)f(x;\theta) by adding a penalty called a regularizer to the cost function. Expressing preferences for one function over another implicitly and explicitly is a more general way of controlling a model's capacity than including or excluding members from the hypothesis space.
What is weight decay? What is it added?
Weight decay is an additional term that causes the weights to exponentially decay to zero.
To perform linear regression with weight decay, we minimize a sum comprising both the mean squared error on the training and a criterion J(w)J(w) that expresses a preference for the weights to have smaller squared L2L_2 norm. Specifically,
J(w)=MSEtrain+λwTwJ(w) = MSE_{train} + \lambda \mathbf{w}^T\mathbf{w}
Minimizing J(w)J(w) results in a choice of weights that make a tradeoff between fitting the training data and being small. This gives us solutions that have a smaller slope, or put weight on fewer of the features.
What is a hyperparameter? How do you choose which settings are going to be hyperparameters and which are going to be learned?
Hyperparameter: Most machine learning algorithms have several settings that we can use to control the behavior of the learning algorithm.
 - The values of hyperparameters are not adapted by the learning algorithm itself
Sometimes a setting is chosen to be a hyperparameter that the learning algorithm does not learn because it is difficult to optimize or it is not appropriate to learn that hyperparameter on the training set. This applies to all hyperparameters that control model capacity. If learned on the training set, such hyperparameters would always choose the maximum possible model capacity, resulting in overfitting.
Why is a validation set necessary?
Let's assume that you are training a model whose performance depends on a set of hyperparameters. In the case of a neural network, these parameters may be for instance the learning rate or the number of training iterations.
Given a choice of hyperparameter values, you use the training set to train the model. But, how do you set the values for the hyperparameters? That's what the validation set is for. You can use it to evaluate the performance of your model for different combinations of hyperparameter values (e.g. by means of a grid search process) and keep the best trained model.
But, how does your selected model compares to other different models? Is your neural network performing better than, let's say, a random forest trained with the same combination of training/test data? You cannot compare based on the validation set, because that validation set was part of the fitting of your model. You used it to select the hyperparameter values!
The test set allows you to compare different models in an unbiased way, by basing your comparisons in data that were not use in any part of your training/hyperparameter selection process.
What are the different types of cross-validation? When do you use which one?
 - kk-fold cross-validation randomly divides the data into k blocks of roughly equal size. Each of the blocks is left out in turn and the other k1k-


text:
The Search For A Concealed Impact Crater
Monday, January 15th, 2018
Professor Dr. Donald Stierman and student Eric Armstrong from the University of Toledo, Ohio (UT) recently used the MOHO Tromino passive seismic system from Exploration Instruments (EXI) to try to detect the bottom of a suspected impact crater located in Seneca County, Ohio. It is believed the crater is concealed under 10 meters of till and the survey area is covered with row crops spring to autumn.
The MOHO Tromino is a small broadband, three component seismograph that utilizes the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method to generate a shear wave velocity model of the subsurface. UT used the Tromino to measure the passive ambient seismic noise using its three component seismograph (N-S, E-W, and Vertical components) outside and inside the potential crater. Employing MOHO's HSVR processing software, Grilla, the measured background ambient noise was used to generate Impedance Amplitude Reponses verse Frequency plots. The higher the amplitude the larger the contrast between layers and the lower the frequency the deeper the contrasting layer. Data from outside the potential impact crater in Figure 1 shows a strong impedance contrast response observed at a frequency of approximately 10 hz. A depth verse shear wave velocity plot was modeled based on the H/V response in Figure 2 using Grilla which shows data consistent with the soil / bedrock interface of 10 meters from well logs and other geophysical data from outside the potential crater.
The record from inside the suspected crater area, shown in Figure 3, indicates a more gradual impedance contrast - consistent with the fractured bedrock expected in the crater.
UT is still performing final processing and interpretation of the Tromino data and EXI will share the final results when UT's analysis is complete. The most recent formal report by UT is a GSA poster you can view via a link from the abstract _URL_


text:
Posted by Joel on October 13, 2002 at 13:06:57:
In Reply to: log problem posted by Lisa on October 12, 2002 at 16:29:31:
: The noise level of one sound is 20 decibals higher than that of a second sound. Find the ratio of the intensity of the first sound to the second sound.
: Is this the way to do a problem like this.
: L = 10 (log I_1/I_2)= 10 log 100 = 20
Well, sort of, but since 100 is the answer, how did you jump to that so fast?
This is just simple algebra. You're starting with:
10*log(I_1/I_2) = 20dB and you want to solve for the ratio (I_1/I_2).
Just divide both sides by 10:
log(I_1/I_2) = 2
Now, since you are dealing with log to the base 10, this is equivalent to:
I_1/I_2 = 10^2
I_1/I_2 = 100
i.e. the louder one has 100 times the intensity (or power) of the other.
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text:
A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The word quarry can also include the underground quarrying for stone, such as Bath stone.
Apr 24, 2017· How It Is Extracted. Granite usually occurs in large deposits, many times referred to as slabs, throughout the world. Mining operations use different methods of cutting to extract the different deposits from the ground in places called quarries. These slabs are then polished, put on trucks and sent to fabricators.
How is Stone Quarried. The blocks can then be drilled from the bench wall. Blocks of a given type of stone usually have a fairly uniform size, due to the size of the processing equipment used. Granite blocks usually weigh between 38-42,000 pounds, while lighter marble and travertine blocks weigh between 15-25,000 pounds.
Figure 1. Process flow diagram for granite quarrying operations. As shown in Figure 1, the first step in quarrying is to gain access to the granite deposit. This is achieved by removing the layer of earth, vegetation, and rock unsuitable for product—collectively referred to as
Quarrying Process. The mantle can be raised or lowered within the concave, allowing the gap, and therefore the size of the crushed product, to be varied to a limited degree. If the crusher is jammed by a stray bit of steel, e.g., a digger bucket tooth, the mantle automatically moves down to …
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