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|Home Culture Books Work Every Good Endeavor|
Books on Work: Every Good Endeavor
A colleague and I were talking about the value of work—why we perceive some work as more important or "worthy" than other work, and how that spills over to the perception that some people are more valuable than others.
"We all share the same inherent value," I said. "Whether we're the CEO or the janitor, we each have the same inherent value."
"Oh, I don't believe that," my colleague said. "Some people are clearly more valuable than others."
"To be sure, we have different skills and levels of skills and talents," I said. "But we share the same inherent value. Don't confuse the talent and skill with the worth of the person."
She still disagreed. The notion was too strong an assault on what she had been taught in school and by her own experience.
The fact is, we are all indeed created equal—equal in the sense that God sees each of us as inherently worthy and valuable, and in the same way—because He created us.
And, as Tim Keller points out in Every Good Endeavor: Connecting Your Work to God's Work, He created us to work. Work was part of creation. It was there at the beginning. And it was one of those things that God saw as good. God created work. More to the point—He modeled work in the very act of creation.
It's a startling thought: God created work as an integral part of the human experience.
And if God sees each of us as inherently valuable, then He sees the work we do as inherently valuable. No matter if it's neurosurgery, driving a truck, preaching a sermon, working a production line, teaching high school English, nursing a baby, growing soybeans, selling women's shoes, or writing stories for the newspaper. We all have different levels of skills and talents—but that does not mean that God differentiates as to our worth as His creation.
It also means all work is important.
"This revolutionary way of looking at work," Keller says, "gives all work a common and exalted purpose: to honor God by loving your neighbors and serving them through your work."
Work is an act of service and serving, Keller says. But he goes deeper than that. The statement I found particularly startling was how Keller added to the description: Work is an act of love.
I had to come to a full stop and consider that statement.
My work is an act of love. My work—and how I do my work—is an act of love shown to colleagues, people who work for me, my boss, his boss, my customers, and all of the people I interact with every day. And it is an expression of my love for God.
Keller goes even deeper. If I understand my work as an act of love, and respond accordingly, I can change the culture; not only that, I can create the culture. By loving God in my work, I can create culture.
My work and how I do it is salt and light. It can influence and create. And it doesn't matter what my salary level is, or my job grade, or my title. It is part of my inherent worth.
My colleague continued the conversation, demanding to know why I believed what I was saying.
"We are each made in God's image," I said. "That's why we share the same inherent value. That image includes the work we do, and the value of the work we do. What the work actually is doesn't matter, unless it's something that falls outside what God would define as good and useful work."
She stared at me for a moment, and then she nodded.
"What you're saying is strange," she said.
"It's counter-cultural," I said.
We're going to be discussing Every Good Endeavor on Monday mornings in February. I hope you'll join us as we dive deep into calling and vocation. Next Monday, Tim Watson leads us in Part Two: Our Problems with Work (chapers 5-8). If you posted at your blog on the introduction this week, leave us your link in the comments. If not, jump into the discussion anyway! We would love to hear your thoughts. In March we'll be discussing David Platt's new book Follow Me. Get your copy now if you want to join in on that discussion.
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Daily Reflection From Laity Lodge
Wake Up, O Lord!
Psalm 44:23-24 comes in the context of an extended lament, in which the psalmist accuses God of mistreating his people, even though they have not broken his covenant (v. 17). The lament concludes... Read More +


Product Administration Guide > Technical Reference >
Revising the System Default Cardinalities
When a you create a relationship in a customizable product, you can specify a minimum, maximum, and default cardinality. If you do not specify cardinalities, the system uses the following defaults:
 - Minimum cardinality = 0
 - Default cardinality = 0
 - Maximum cardinality = 999
If you do not specify cardinalities this means that users are not required to select any items from the relationship and are limited to selecting a maximum of 999 items.
You can change these defaults as needed. For example, you can set the maximum system default cardinality to a number larger than 999.
To revise the system default cardinalities
 1. In Siebel Tools, locate the Complex Product Structure BusComp.
 2. Within the business component, locate the desired field: Default Cardinality, Max Cardinality, or Min Cardinality.
 3. Display the user properties for the field.
 4. Set the Pre Default Value user property to the desired amount.
 The amount should be an integer that is greater than or equal to 0.
Product Administration Guide


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Mari Nawi: Aboriginal Odysseys
20 Sep 2010 2:30pm - 12 Dec 2010 1:30pm
- Mitchell Library, Macquarie St
- New South Wales
- Cost: Gallery entrance fee
- 02 9273 1414
- State Library of New South Wales
Exciting new research has revealed the significant role Aboriginal men, and some women, played in Australia's early maritime history. The focus of this exhibition is the Eora and Darug people from the Sydney area, who sailed on English ships through Port Jackson to destinations in Australia and throughout the world during the period _PHONE_. Theirs was a canoe culture and they called these ships mari nawi meaning 'large canoes'.
Curated by the acknowledged authority, Dr Keith Vincent Smith, Mari Nawi: Aboriginal Odysseys will feature rarely seen oil paintings, journals, letters, maps, sketches, objects and rare printed books drawn from collections throughout Australia.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Second graders have been doing fresco painting. I introduced them to
Fra Angelico after their study of illuminated letters/manuscripts. They
first drew their pictures in white chalk on dark blue construction
paper. Next, they highlighted with gold peel and stick foil paper as
their gold leaf. When they were ready to paint, they first colored the
area to be painted with more white chalk and used tempera paint to
cover. The colors seem to intensify, and paintings are striking!
Now, I want to make the connection to Michaelangelo and his fresco
painting. I read somewhere about a lesson where the children painted
on paper secured under their desks -- like Michaelangelo did when
painting his ceiling. Have any of you tried this? Is it something you
think that I can do with 2nd graders? I would like to introduce it on
Wednesday, so any suggestions you can give me this weekend would be
greatly appreciated! Thanks, Everyone!


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What does ADA mean in Universities?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ADA in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Universities terminology in particular.
Find a translation for ADA in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ADA mean?
- adenosine deaminase, ADA(noun)
- an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Nutrient Elements in Grassland
Soil-plant-animal Relationships
Nutrient Elements in Grassland
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This text is a reference source covering the chemical elements that are nutrients for plants and animals. It deals with the concentrations and transformations of these elements in soils, grassland plants, and ruminant aniamls, particularly cattle and sheep. For each element, the following data are given: forms occurring in soil, factors that affect availability and concentration, uptake and distribution in grassland plants, role in animal nutrition, amounts and forms excreted by grazing animals, and concentrations needed by ruminant animals.
CABI; January 2000
384 pages; ISBN 9780851999388
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Hoodia gordonii, also known as "Bushman's hat" and "Queen of the Namib," is a succulent in the Apocynaceae family of flowering plants.
This century, hoodia has gone from being regarded as nothing more than a rotten-smelling desert plant to being praised as a natural dietary supplement believed to suppress appetite and boost weight loss (1).
Still, you may wonder how or if it works and whether it's safe.
This article explores what the evidence has to say about hoodia.
Hoodia gordonii is a spiny succulent plant that grows in the Kalahari Desert throughout Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and Namibia (2).
It has fleshy stems that are covered with small thorns and topped with flesh-colored flowers that smell like rotten meat to attract flies for pollination (3).
The plant gained attention in the early 2000s, as anecdotal evidence suggested that the Khoisan people of South Africa and Namibia — a nomadic hunter-gatherer group — have been eating small pieces of the stems to suppress hunger during long hunts since the 1930s (3, 4).
This led to the commercialization of the plant's extract as a dietary supplement under the premise that it naturally reduces appetite, thus boosting weight loss.
You may find hoodia supplements in retail stores and online in tablet, tea, liquid extract, powder, and patch form.
Hoodia, a succulent plant that grows in the Kalahari Desert, became popular for its purported appetite-reducing effects. It's sold in tablet, tea, liquid extract, powder, and patch form to boost weight loss.
As mentioned, hoodia's most popular purported benefit is its ability to reduce hunger. Thus, it's widely marketed and sold as a weight loss supplement.
Yet, scientific evidence is scarce and doesn't fully support the claim. What's more, exactly how hoodia may reduce hunger is still unknown, although research suggests two potential pathways (3, 4).
First, a molecule from the plant called P57 is speculated to stimulate the central nervous system by increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the hypothalamus — a part of your brain that regulates metabolic processes (5, 6).
ATP is a molecule that provides energy to your cells, which is why it's also known as the body's energy currency. It's believed that increased levels of it may reduce hunger by tricking the brain into thinking that you've had enough to eat (5).
Nevertheless, the study making this claim was conducted in rats, and P57 was injected directly into their brains. Meanwhile, other animal studies show that stomach acid degrades P57, and thus, it's not detected in the brain if consumed orally (3, 7).
The second way hoodia may reduce hunger is related to two additional molecules found in the plant — H.g.-12 and H.g.-20. Test-tube and animal research suggests that these compounds promote cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion in the gut (8, 9).
CCK is a hormone that regulates your hunger. Rising CCK levels stimulate feelings of fullness, leading you to stop eating. On the contrary, low levels of this hormone delay feeling of fullness, leading you to eat more (10).
That said, most available studies have been conducted in rats, and not all of them show promising results.
For example, one such study determined that taking the plant led not only led to the loss of body fat tissue but also muscle mass. This is undesirable, as muscles help maintain a healthy body (11).
As for research in humans, there's only one 15-day study that was conducted in 49 women. There were no significant differences in body weight or food intake between those who received 1.11 grams of purified hoodia extract twice per day and a control group (12).
It's also worth mentioning that although anecdotal evidence suggests that hoodia was used as a treatment for tuberculosis, as well as that honey from its flowers was used to treat cancer, no scientific evidence backs up these claims (3).
Hoodia is mostly used as a weight loss supplement. However, it's not fully understood how or whether it works, and there's little available research in humans to support its purported benefits.
As with most dietary supplements, hoodia is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Also, while the traditional use of fresh hoodia by the Khoisan people may imply that it's safe for human consumption, research suggests otherwise.
In the only human study with the plant, the intake of purified hoodia extract reportedly caused numerous side effects, including nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and skin reactions (12).
It also caused a significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure (4, 12).
What's more, one study suggests that hoodia's effects on appetite and weight loss could be a symptom of a more severe, yet unknown, adverse effect (13).
Given the overall lack of information, taking the supplement for weight loss is not recommended, especially for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Additionally, people taking medications for blood sugar control and heart or liver disease should steer clear of the supplement, as it may interfere with their treatments.
Currently, there's not enough human research to determine a safe or possibly effective dose of hoodia.
Consuming hoodia may cause unwanted side effects, including nausea, dizziness, vomiting, skin reactions, elevated heart rate, and high blood pressure. More research is needed to determine a safe dose, if any.
Hoodia, a succulent that resembles a cactus, grows in the Kalahari Desert.
Its intake by nomadic hunter-gatherers who reportedly use it to suppress hunger during long hunts led to its popularity and widespread commercialization as a weight loss supplement.
However, little scientific evidence has been conducted in humans to support this effect, and the available research has shown a wide range of unwanted side effects.
Although you may find hoodia supplements in tea, capsule, powder, liquid extract, and patch form, make sure to consult your healthcare provider before consuming them.


Haier--SenseTime
Customer Cases
Established in 1984, Haier Group Corporation is a multinational home appliances and consumer electronics company headquartered in Qingdao, China. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, and televisions.
 - Visitors to the Haier Branding Building and Haier Board of Directors Building in Qingdao are increasing, creating a congested arrival lobby as they register for entry. Haier's employees were also troubled as they frequently got delayed by the crowds at the entrances and exits, but Haier could not compromise office security by removing the use of staff cards, so a new solution was needed. In June 2019, the two Haier buildings in Qingdao participated in SenseTime's pilot program to adopt SenseKeeper in the office lobbies and solve the congestion problem through AI. As an industry leader, Haier has consistently sought new ways to intelligently upgrade its headquarters. Adopting SenseTime's facial verification technology is a critical first step to elevate its staff management system. The technology can further be applied in various scenarios to enhance access management for both staff and visitors.
Haier chose SenseKeeper because it is known for its exceptional facial recognition accuracy and rapid recognition speed. The system is able to identify 50,000 persons daily at a speed of 0.3 seconds per person, with an accuracy of over 99%. SenseKeeper is also known to be simple to install and practical to use. The system also features the capacity to store extensive information of up to 50,000 profiles at its front-end, allowing SenseKeeper to operate even when the network is unavailable. As a standardized product, SenseKeeper is compatible with various systems and occasions. SenseKeeper's algorithm is even flexible enough to handle the varying lighting condition inside a glass building, like the Haier Branding Building. Its gate sensor camera is sensitive under all kinds of lighting conditions, such as when the sunlight shines directly into the lens making the faces dark and unrecognizable. The robustness of SenseKeeper fully suffices Haier's needs in office access management. After the first joint endeavor of upgrading the office turnstiles with SenseKeeper, Haier is now exploring further applications of SenseTime's computer vision technologies in the future.


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Welcome to FRAmes on GENder
For the first time, core feminist texts from the second wave of feminism in Europe have been made available to researchers in an easily accessible online database. The FRAGEN project brings together books, articles and pamphlets that were influential in the development of feminist ideas in 29 countries during the second half of the 20th century.
29 Countries, 29 partners select core feminist texts in EuropeThe selected texts have been digitised and made available in a database. Making this information available will allow for comparative research into the history of feminist ideas in different European countries.
The database developed in FRAGEN has two goals:
to create a database of the original texts on gender+equality frames that have emerged from feminist movements in Europe.
to organize and facilitate open access for researchers to this database.
From 2008 until 2011 European women's libraries, gender studies departments and scholars from all over Europe have been working together in the FRAGEN project.


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Welcome to a handmade flower's blog - Camellia Bees. I will show you how to make paper Lisianthus flower. Follow my step by step tutorials to make them quickly.
You just need to prepare the simple ingredients as below:
- Crepe paper
- White floral wire
- Glue or Hot glue gun
- Tissue paper
- Floral tape
- Paint palette
Now let's to make a pretty paper Lisianthus flower by yourself!!!
Step 1: Bud of Lisianthus flower
Roll up the floral wire in a flower bud pattern using tissue paper, then grab the floral tape to wrap it tightly.
Once you have the stigma, fold the paper and cut the petals according to the pattern and size: 1inch * 2inch.
Next, glue and paste about 5-6 petals then paste into the stigma and remember to gently twist the petals with your hand.
Step 2: Calyx and leave of Lisianthus flower
Cut green crepe paper by size: 3/4 inch*1 1/2 inch, then cut calyx as shown above. Cover the bud with glue and sepals, continue using crepe paper to wrap the whole trunk of paper Lisianthus flower.
Finished the calyx is when you scan the color of the petals from outside to inside to complete.
Making leaves for Lisianthus flowers is really easy, you just need to cut green crepe paper into a square with the size: 6cm * 6cm. Then cut the square in half diagonally.
Finally you symmetrically cut the cut paper onto the floral wire and trim the leaves to make it complete.
Step 3: Main flower of paper Lisianthus
First, fold crepe paper and cut petal pattern with specific dimensions:1 1/2 inch*3 inch. Next you use color to paint each petal to get the natural color of the Lisianthus flower.
Next, Paste the successive petals similar to that in step 1 then wrap the petals into the floral wire.
Finally, make calyx and trunk to complete the main flower.
After having all the parts: buds, flowers and leaves. We glue them together with glue to complete the paper Lisianthus flower.
To follow more details to step by step to make paper Lisianthus flower. Please click and watch the video below. Hopefully, with the above easy instructions, you can complete a beautiful paper flower to decorate or make a gift for your friends or relatives. Let's try it!!!!
If you like my instructions, don't forget to click like, share and subscribe to my channel.
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What are derivatives?
A derivative is a derived product
Derivatives are often used in the investor World: it gives the buyer the right to buy or sell something for a certain price. Examples of derivatives are: options, (agricultural) term contracts, commodities, warrants, etc. The value of a derivative depends on its underlying value, such as the value of a share, or a foreign currency.
Clear explanation of a derivative [YouTube] VUKDiuhU8mU [/youtube]
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Spanish and British scientists intend to solve fisheries issues. (Photo: Pablo Lozano/IEO)
Spanish and British scientists assess fishery resources in Gibraltar
Friday, August 10, 2012, 03:40 (GMT + 9)
Scientists at the Oceanographic Centre of Cadiz of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) and a UK fishing research specialist are collaborating in fisheries resources assessments in the Rock of Gibraltar.
The agreement was reached between the consultant hired by the Government of Gibraltar and researchers Ignacio Sobrino Yraola and Juan Gil Herrera, in a meeting in which the parties discussed the technical aspects based on the information available.
The experts analysed the series of abundance of key species and the seasonality of resources and identified the biological aspects depending on the type of species.
"The main problem encountered when analysing the information available consists in associating certain catches to a particular area, since they correspond to a total landed at auctions, regardless of the source," Sobrino explained.
"Deficiencies in the biological information of the main species (size, age, maturity, etc.) have also been identified, making it difficult to carry out an advisory process," the IEO researcher added.
In addition, the researchers also agreed to maintain contact in the future for possible clarifications on the information provided and likely future joint collaboration in future research projects assisting the fishing activity advisory in the area, as the statement of the IEO indicates.
Sobrino told the agency Europa Press that the British specialist Indrani Lutchman was provided with a summary that has enabled her to complete the information available in relation to the Spanish legislation on the subject.
"Of course, [the legislation] is in line with the EU law," he said, but he stressed that the "great interest" is focused on the exploitation pattern of the fleet.
For the expert, if the Gibraltar Government intends to implement management measures for fisheries in the future, it would be necessary to develop a research project aimed at resolving this issue in advance.
By Analia Murias
Photo Courtesy of FIS Member IEO - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Oficina central)


Antiquitin is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. Sequence analyses indicate that the protein is highly conserved from plants to animals. The plant antiquitins are generally believed to play a role in osmoregulation and/or detoxification. The physiological functions of animal antiquitins remain largely elusive, their involvement in a number of human diseases has been implicated.[1]
WikiGenes - Universities


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Load Factors in Steep Turns
At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies with the airspeed—the higher the speed, the slower the ROT. This compensates for added centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same.
Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank has reached 45° or 50°. The load factor for any aircraft in a coordinated level turn at 60° bank is 2 Gs. The load factor in an 80° bank is 5.76 Gs. The wing must produce lift equal to these load factors if altitude is to be maintained.
It should be noted how rapidly the line denoting load factor rises as it approaches the 90° bank line, which it never quite reaches because a 90° banked, constant altitude turn is not mathematically possible. An aircraft may be banked to 90° in a coordinated turn if not trying to hold altitude. An aircraft that can be held in a 90° banked slipping turn is capable of straight knife-edged flight. At slightly more than 80°, the load factor exceeds the limit of 6 Gs, the limit load factor of an acrobatic aircraft.
For a coordinated, constant altitude turn, the approximate maximum bank for the average general aviation aircraft is 60°. This bank and its resultant necessary power setting reach the limit of this type of aircraft. An additional 10° bank increases the load factor by approximately 1 G, bringing it close to the yield point established for these aircraft. [Figure 5-54]
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds
Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing an abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall.
A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft's stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor. This means that an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 50 knots can be stalled at 100 knots by inducing a load factor of 4 Gs. If it were possible for this aircraft to withstand a load factor of nine, it could be stalled at a speed of 150 knots. A pilot should be aware of the following:
- The danger of inadvertently stalling the aircraft by increasing the load factor, as in a steep turn or spiral;
- When intentionally stalling an aircraft above its design maneuvering speed, a tremendous load factor is imposed.
Figures 5-53 and 5-54 show that banking an aircraft greater than 72° in a steep turn produces a load factor of 3, and the stalling speed is increased significantly. If this turn is made in an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 45 knots, the airspeed must be kept greater than 75 knots to prevent inducing a stall. A similar effect is experienced in a quick pull up or any maneuver producing load factors above 1 G. This sudden, unexpected loss of control, particularly in a steep turn or abrupt application of the back elevator control near the ground, has caused many accidents.
Since the load factor is squared as the stalling speed doubles, tremendous loads may be imposed on structures by stalling an aircraft at relatively high airspeeds.
The following information primarily applies to fixed-wing airplanes. The maximum speed at which an airplane may be stalled safely is now determined for all new designs. This speed is called the "design maneuvering speed" (VA), which is the speed below which you can move a single flight control, one time, to its full deflection, for one axis of airplane rotation only (pitch, roll or yaw), in smooth air, without risk of damage to the airplane. VA must be entered in the FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual/ Pilot's Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) of all recently designed airplanes. For older general aviation airplanes, this speed is approximately 1.7 times the normal stalling speed. Thus, an older airplane that normally stalls at 60 knots must never be stalled at above 102 knots (60 knots × 1.7 = 102 knots). An airplane with a normal stalling speed of 60 knots stalled at 102 knots undergoes a load factor equal to the square of the increase in speed, or 2.89 Gs (1.7 × 1.7 = 2.89 Gs). (The above figures are approximations to be considered as a guide, and are not the exact answers to any set of problems. The design maneuvering speed should be determined from the particular airplane's operating limitations provided by the manufacturer.) Operating at or below design maneuvering speed does not provide structural protection against multiple full control inputs in one axis or full control inputs in more than one axis at the same time.
Since the leverage in the control system varies with different aircraft (some types employ "balanced" control surfaces while others do not), the pressure exerted by the pilot on the controls cannot be accepted as an index of the load factors produced in different aircraft. In most cases, load factors can be judged by the experienced pilot from the feel of seat pressure. Load factors can also be measured by an instrument called an "accelerometer," but this instrument is not common in general aviation training aircraft. The development of the ability to judge load factors from the feel of their effect on the body is important. A knowledge of these principles is essential to the development of the ability to estimate load factors.
A thorough knowledge of load factors induced by varying degrees of bank and the VA aids in the prevention of two of the most serious types of accidents:
- Stalls from steep turns or excessive maneuvering near the ground
- Structural failures during acrobatics or other violent maneuvers resulting from loss of control


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|Predicting post-natal energy intake of lesser black-backed gull chicks by Dynamic Energy Budget modeling|In: Ecological Modelling. Elsevier: Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo. ISSN 0304-3800; e-ISSN _PHONE_, meer
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 [WoRMS]
Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory; Fledgling; Food demands; Nutritional stress; Larus fuscus
The standard Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model is widely used to describe the physiology of individual animals. Here we parametrized the DEB model for the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus mainly on the basis of literature data. Next we performed an inverse modeling approach to predict the food intake rate of gull chicks (model input) on the basis of their growth trajectory from hatching to fledging (model output). Food intake rate and growth were also measured for this period in an aviary experiment, where three different diet treatments resulted in a large range in overall intake rate. These measured food intake rate data were not used in the parameter estimation procedure, but rather to validate model results. Model predictions of food intake rate were systematically only about 10% below the observations, but predictions and observations correlated strongly. The DEB model might be used to predict food provisioning rates in the field, which are difficult to obtain, on the basis of growth data, which are much easier to get.


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Why do airports need to identify strike remains to species?
Not all bird strikes are created equal. For example, the number of bird strikes increases during the summer months at all airports in Canada. However, the risk level is not necessarily correlated with the number of birds struck because the risk is related to the size and flocking behaviour of the bird. Therefore, a simple count of bird strikes gives no indication of risk.
Airports need to wean themselves from simply counting strike numbers because those numbers are relatively meaningless. Is 20 swallow strikes comparable to 20 duck strikes? Certainly not. A blood smear on an aircraft or a piece of a bird recovered after a strike is not "just another strike". Airports need to know what species are being struck in order to adjust wildlife control measures to address the hazard. We need to measure strike rates by hazardous species not by a simple count of strikes. A strike record without species identification is very minimal information especially if there are few or no species identified in an airport's strike history. Not only does accurate bird strike identification indicate the strike hazard, compilation of strikes by species allows airports to accurately determine the strike risks and develop a program to reduce those risks.
BSC offers unique Bird Identification services for our corporate members. Our bird identification services are divided into 3 groups:
|Group 1||Group 2||Group 3|
|Photos: Basic Bird Identification when you have an intact (or relatively intact) animal. This service is free.||Feather Sample (when all you have are a collection of feathers but no intact animal): The Cowan Tetrapod Avian Forensics Morphology Initiative, University of British Columbia Beaty Biodiversity Museum, uses feather-to-feather comparisons and feather down expanded node microscope techniques to identify feathers. BSC corporate members receive a discounted price of $200 per sample.||DNA Sample (when you only have a blood smear or some animal tissue): The Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph will do a genetic analysis of the material to identify the species involved. BSC corporate members receive a discounted price of $150 per sample.|
Group 1 - Photos: Basic Bird Identification when you have an intact (or relatively intact) animal
BSC is using its internal expertise to identify or confirm the identification of any strikes that occurred on a Canadian Airport. This service is free. Bird identification labs find that a significant proportion of bird strike identifications are wrong. Send us a couple of photos of each of your strikes and we can confirm your identification and help you improve your bird strike data. As well, we will archive your photos as part of the bird strike database. Here is Bird Strike Canada Photo ID Protocol.
Send pictures to _EMAIL_
Group 2 - Feather Sample (when all you have are a collection of feathers but no intact animal):
The Cowan Tetrapod Avian Forensics Morphology Initiative, University of British Columbia Beaty Biodiversity Museum offers feather identification services. The normal fee is $300. BSC members receive a discounted price of $200 per sample.
Before sending samples, please send an email outlying how many and what type of feather samples (e.g., whole feather, feather pieces) to Ildiko Szabo, a Society of Forensic Science (SWFS) certified Avian Forensic Morphologist. All sample labels must include date, location found, flight information if available, and your case number. (Suggested case number: Airport Code – Date (DDMMYY)-airline code, flight number, 24 hour clock time)
Please email: _EMAIL_
Ship samples to:
SWFS Certified Forensic Scientist
Cowan Tetrapod Collection UBC Beaty Biodiversity Museum
2212 Main Mall Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4
Group 3 - DNA Sample (when you only have a blood smear or some animal tissue):
The Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph will do a genetic analysis of the material to identify the species involced. BSAC corporate members receive a discounted price of $150 per sample. If you send in a batch of 5 samples at once, you only pay for 4!
The Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB) is committed to supporting airport safety by using advanced DNA technologies to deliver accurate & affordable species identifications for wildlife collisions involving civilian and military aircraft. Airports must use the CCDB Form and follow the simple collecting and packaging instructions at the bottom of the form to submit samples.
Don't forget to read instruction below and fill the CCDB Form.
For more information contact:
Evgeny Zakharov, Director of Laboratory Operations
Please email: _EMAIL_ and cc to _EMAIL_


**This article describes a basic end-to-end deal process on Outlaw, assuming your team has already set up and activated at least one dynamic template.**
1. Create New Contract
To begin working on a new deal, navigate to the "Contracts" tab and click the purple New Contract button. Then choose "Generate from template":
2. Contract Set Up
Fill in all dynamic elements (blue click-able fields) in contract text. Example: annual starting salary:
"Parties" are a special kind of dynamic field where information about individuals signing the document get filled in:
A counterparty's signer can fill in and edit their own information, but can not edit the rest of the document unless you give them access to do so.
Note: if a feature called "Auto-Include" has been activated, this information for your side of the deal may be filled in as soon as a new agreement is created. To learn about activating or adjusting this setting, click here.
3. Share Contract
Sharing is how people gain access to contracts on Outlaw. The Manage Users Panel is where you go to share contracts with people--including the counterparty when it's time for them to review and sign the document.
The panel opens at upper right of the contract screen (person icon):
In this panel you can share a contract with someone already listed there, add a teammate (someone in your organization), or add a new user external to your organization.
Click "share" under a user's name to generate an invitation for that user (via email notification or link) to view the contract.
You can also re-share a contract here, edit or remove user information, and adjust user permissions. If the word "share" does not appear under the user's name, it means this person already has access to the deal (contract was shared and accessed previously) so you don't need to re-share.
4. Negotiate: every deal process is unique!
Outlaw has a ton of features for deal review and negotiating: red-lining, commenting, internal approval workflows, and more. Click the links to learn more about how to close better and faster with Outlaw.
5. E-Sign!
Once all dynamic fields are filled in and all negotiation points have been resolved, parties can sign when ready. Users who are authorized signers simply click or tap the appropriate e-signature field:
Questions? Live chat us!
Reach Customer Success during business hours (US-EST) by hitting the speech bubble icon at lower right of the Outlaw screen:
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TestSetup is a JUnit class you can use if you want to introduce initialization in your JUnit tests that only get invoked once, and not once before test method, which is what JUnit does (making it difficult to make sure that an initialization method is only invoked once during the lifetime of the class). I wrote more about this oddity not long ago.
A recent weblog entry about TestSetup shows how to use it, which is pretty straightforward. I still have a big problem with this solution, and what JUnit forces you to do to work around this "design choice": it forces you to introduce static methods in your code.
I don't have anything against static methods in general, I tend to use them as much as possible whenever they don't need access to any non-static fields since it decreases the coupling between my classes. However, static methods are particularly evil when they modify state, and by extension, force you to declare static fields.
Which is exactly the only choice that JUnit leaves you.
The problem with non-const static methods is that they break badly in several cases:
 - Multi-thread access.
 - Different objects thinking they are accessing private content, while it is actually shared.
 - Reuse of the same JVM.
This last point is particularly important. By forcing you to introduce static methods in your code, JUnit guarantees that if somebody ever invokes your class several times from an ant task while not providing the flag fork="yes", your code will break in mysterious ways.
Classes in object-oriented programming obey very simple rules:
 - If you invoke your initialization from the constructor, it will only be invoked once.
 - If your content is not static, it is guaranteed to be private to your instance.
JUnit violates these two principles and I just can't get used to it. Instead of righting a wrong with another wrong, why not return to the most intuitive way of doing this and letting test writers implement methods that are guaranteed to be invoked once?
Of course, these is also an alternative. :-)


The Banana aroma is a scent that everyone knows well, but that few are able to identify in a blind smell test. If this aroma is weak, and it is part of a complex aromatic bouquet, it is more difficult to identify, but it gives a pleasant and important aromatic personality to the product being tasted.
In Beer, banana is a scent that is associated with the high fermentation process. It is a positive attribute in certain styles of beer (for example Weiss beer), but can also be considered a defect due to poor control methods in the fermentation process of other beer styles.
In Chocolate, it is one of the most typical fruit aromas found in cocoa beans. It is usually a more green scentthat of the unripe banana. It is frequently present in Nacional cocoa from Ecuador and Trinitario cocoa from Venezuela.
In Extra Virgin Olive Oil, the banana aroma is typical of many high-quality oils made from ripe olives. For example, it is often very evident in the Arbosana cultivar.
Click here to discover Chocolate Aromas, here for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Aromas.
Beer Aromas, coming soon!


In Ground Trampoline: Costs and How To Build an Underground Trampoline
Some people think that trampolines are only available to sit on top of the ground in their yard. This can cause people to worry about all the risk involved in owning a trampoline and when combined with the bulkiness of having one in their yard, may prevent them from enjoying one of the best ways to enjoy daily exercise.
In Ground Trampoline
Now, there is a better way to enjoy jumping on a trampoline. An in ground trampoline is safer than traditional trampolines and according to many people, much nicer to look at in their yard.
What is an In Ground Trampoline?
An in ground trampoline is a trampoline that has the frame buried under the surface in a hole. It has the same support as an above ground, traditional trampoline, but there is less risk of kids falling off of it while playing. It is also more appealing to see a sunken trampoline in the yard instead of having a metal frame that stands out.
Some sunken trampolines are designed specifically for in ground use, that is, they come with the necessary parts/supports for in ground installation. They have heavier duty steel and some may have walls rather than legs for you to bury.
These trampolines are significantly more expensive in some cases, depending on what type of trampoline you want. This has led to many people choosing the DIY underground trampolines instead, where you simply lower your trampoline into a pit.
Are In Ground Trampolines Safer?
A misconception we hear is that in ground trampolines are safer. If there's no safety net the chances of a kid hurting him or herself is just as great as an above ground trampoline. If any child falls from 5 feet or more onto the hard ground there is a chance for injury.
Also the hole where your trampoline sits in the ground needs to be bigger than your trampoline so it gets proper ventilation. This provides a gap where feet and hands could get caught in, which could lead to a severe injury.
In Ground Trampoline Costs
An underground trampoline will cost you a lot more money than an above ground trampoline. If you are really concerned with the atheistic looks of a trampoline in your backyard or live in a high wind area which could damage your trampoline maybe you should go the in ground route.
There are some trampolines that come with the retaining wall which all are above $1000. For people going the DIY route you can buy the materials for a retaining wall which can cost as much as a trampoline depending on which one you buy. Then you have to factor in the time and costs to dig the hole. In the end a sunken trampoline will likely cost two to three times more than an above ground trampoline.
In Ground Trampoline Installation
Learning how to put a trampoline in the ground is not hard. Often, even the DIY type project is only a complicated process during the planning and digging stage. The rest of the assembly can mostly be completed within a couple hours.
in ground Trampoline
You simply plan out and dig your hole, set the already assembled trampoline into it, and put back some of the dirt to help support the trampoline. Please remember to dig a hole large enough so there's a gap between the edge of the trampoline and the retaining wall. Without this gap the air will not be properly ventilated and the jumping surface will feel harder. This will lead to kids not being able to jump as high.
Which In Ground Trampoline Type is Best for You?
If you are considering the option to put a trampoline in the ground where it is safer and much less of an eyesore, you may be wondering about in ground trampoline cost. One of the best ways to explain the cost is to explore your options. Here are a few products that you may want to consider looking into.
In-Ground Trampoline Standard
This in an American made pre-engineered in ground trampoline system. It comes in 12ft or 15ft round diameters which is a great size for kids and adults. This in ground trampoline design has taken into account critical aspects such as air flow, corrosion and water build up in the pit. The heavy duty galvanized steel frame makes this trampoline durable and long lasting. The padding uses a unique bungee cord system which is easy to put on and take off if need be. It also comes in three different colors (blue, green and grey) which gives you a few options.
If you plan to install this in a grassy surface we recommend going with the green color. There's also an upgrade version which comes with a stainless steel frame and springs. If you want an easy to install and great looking in ground trampoline this is the one!
New Generation III 15' In-Ground Trampoline
This is a trampoline that is designed to be put into the ground. It is made of galvanized, powder coated steel frames, and stainless steel hardware. It has 120 galvanized springs that are 8.5", which is larger than some traditional trampoline springs. The jump surface is made of heavy duty polypropylene and it will resist UV rays for long term durability. The spring pad cover is extra wide and available in either blue or green. Total, the trampoline will weigh about 330 pounds and you will need a couple people to help you sink the assembled trampoline into the pit.
DIY In Ground Trampoline
Skywalker Trampolines 15′ Round W/ Enclosure & Spring Pad
Whether you want to use the enclosure on your ground level trampoline or not, you may enjoy having that option. This trampoline is 15ft in diameter and has reinforced T-sockets to stabilize the enclosure to the trampoline frame. The entire frame is made of heavy gauge galvanized steel that will resist rust and has six W shaped legs.
The enclosure, if you choose to use it, attaches using V-rings and it also has a unique button hole attachment option to keep it securely attached where it needs to be. Total it will weigh about 126 pounds fully assembled. This is one of our most popular trampoline because the price point seems to be just right for most potential trampoline buyers. Read Our Full Skywalker 15′ Review Here⇒
Click To See Best Price
JumpSport Elite 14Ft Trampoline with Enclosure
This trampoline has a 15 year frame warranty and it is easy to put together. The diameter of the trampoline is made of 14 gauge steel that is 1.75 inches in diameter. It is taller than most other trampolines. There are 96 8.5 inch springs and the mat is made with permatron.
Total, this trampoline weighs 337 pounds once assembled. It is extra bouncy and able to keep up with even the most extreme jumping routines and perfect for cool trampoline tricks. Read Our Full JumpSport Trampoline Review Here⇒
jumpSport Elite 14Ft Trampoline with Enclosure
Click To See Best Price
In Ground Trampoline FAQs
How do you vent an in ground trampoline?
in ground trampoline faq
Knowing how to vent an in ground trampoline is incredibly important, especially when it comes to the safety of those who will be using it. Digging into the ground is, obviously, the way you vent your in ground trampoline.
To start, you must know how big the trampoline you are getting is. Once you know, ensure that you create a hole that is a foot wider than the trampoline's outer frame. If you are using a retaining wall, you will need to incorporate the space for it on top of this, however.
Alternatively, a lot of people leave a gap in the hole and add some safety netting. This is a great way to keep everybody using it inside of the trampoline while also ensuring that no one trips over it. You also won't have to worry about legs falling in between, too!
Ensuring that you have the right measurements and make the proper hole is necessary for helping to maintain the best possible bounce while having enough air ventilation.
How much weight can an in ground trampoline hold?
Pit trampolines, more commonly known as in ground trampolines, can hold varied amounts of weight. The manufacturer will always tell you how much weight a trampoline can hold, so this will depend on the trampoline you're purchasing.
How deep should an in ground trampoline be?
deep in ground trampoline
A low to ground trampoline and how deep in ground trampoline should be will depend on a number of general positions. For example, take the height of your trampoline and make sure you dig deep enough so that's it's equal. The trampoline needs to be flush with the hole you dig, but this may cause a ventilation problem depending on the trampoline you have.
If this is the case, make the pit slightly more shallow than the trampoline's height. Doing so will ensure that you have both a better bounce and enough room for proper ventilation.
What happens to rainwater on an in ground trampoline?
rainwater in ground trampoline
There are many things that can occur when it comes to rainwater and your in ground trampoline. For starters, if you built your trampoline into a clay-based hole, rainwater can cause some serious problems. If you only have clay-based soil in your backyard and not dirt, we suggest investing in an above ground trampoline.
Unfortunately, clay-based soil doesn't absorb water all that well. What's worse, it can actually cause a sealed barrier, trapping the water in the hole and possibly flooding the trampoline


text:
Colorimetric method for the determination of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid in foodstuffs and other materials.
The "Yellow line" kits are produced by Roche Diagnostics, previously Boehringer Mannheim, with more than 40 years experience in the production of the enzymes, which are the key element of each test. The Roche test kits have been used and validated worldwide for several decades, with many corresponding publications. They have been selected as reference methods by many international organizations (e.g. AOAC, IFU, IDF, ISO and OIV) and they are still the gold standard today.
- Reference quality for more than 40 years.
- Approved by national and international organizations.
- 31 tests for all requirements in the food industry.


Why is the USS Arizona Underwater?
The USS Arizona is the resting place to hundreds of sailors. The Navy decided to leave them and the ship there after an inspection a few months after the attack. It was determined that there was so much damage taht the ship was a total loss and could not be salvaged. Though, it should be noted that some parts from the Arizona were taken for use on other ships during WWII.
After deciding that the ship could not be salvaged, was not a navigation risk and would be left where she was, the Navy had a decision about what to do with the men who perished on board. It was decided that the men would be considered buried at sea because it would be too difficult to remove them in a respectful manner.
The decision to leave the USS Arizona underwater at the bottom of Pearl Harbor was made after much deliberation. The same decision was made for the USS Utah. The USS Oklahoma was similarly sunk in the attack, but raised and put in drydock in 1943. In 1944, the USS Oklahoma was decommissioned. She eventually sunk to the bottom of the ocean as she was towed to the US mainland. All of the other ships sunk or damaged during the attack were returned to service.
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text:
What are the benefits and possible issues of different evidence staging methodologies.
The two primary methodologies for staging (storing) evidence are to either keep all evidence, for all projects, together in a location separate from the project/case folders, or to store the evidence for each project within their respective project's folders. Users should weigh the pros and cons of these methodologies to help in forming their Standard Operating Procedures. Regardless of the selected process, project folders and evidence should be stored in a location that is always accessible by the software, and should not be moved.
Storing Evidence Separately from Project Folders
- All evidence is in a central location.
- Users do not need direct access to the project folders.
- The same evidence can be easily used in multiple projects.
- Case backups made from DBConfig or FTK are smaller as they do not contain the evidence.
- Evidence is not deleted when a project is deleted (may also be a "Con" depending on the user's other SOP requirements).
- Evidence may need to be moved separately when restoring cases to new environments.
Storing Evidence Within Project Folders
- Evidence is located with the projects that they pertain to, which may lead to it being easier to find.
- Case backups made from DBConfig or FTK contain the evidence, simplifying restoring the backups to other environments.
- Users need full access to project folders.
- Finding/storing evidence may lead to accidental manipulation of project folder data.
- Multiple projects utilizing the same evidence may result in duplicate copies of the evidence.
- Case backups made from DBConfig or FTK are much bigger.
- Deleting a project also deletes its associated evidence (may also be a "Pro" depending on the user's other SOP requirements).
- Project folder storage may run out of space faster, resulting in processing issues.


text:
This article is about monastic cells (living quarters).
The term cell applies to such a living space in a building, usually within a cenobitic monastery, which consists of rooms for each monk or nun, as well as a hermit's primitive solitary living space (possibly a cave, hut in the desert, deep forest, etc.) isolated from monasteries. In a cenobitic setting the building of "cells" also contains communal rooms for eating.
In 2005, the oldest physical example of living quarters for Christian monks was found by renovators who were repairing paintings in a fifteenth-century church at the site of the ancient Monastery of St. Anthony in Egypt, near the Red Sea. The monastery was founded in the mid-fourth century and is located about 100 miles southwest of Cairo, Egypt. These cells date from the fourth and fifth centuries. This archeological find is the first physical evidence that monks lived on the monastery site before the sixth century.


text:
The two-parameter model assumes that the data has minimal guessing, but that items can vary in terms of location () and discrimination (). The one-parameter model assumes that there is minimal guessing and that items have equivalent discriminations, so that items are only described by a single parameter (). Additionally, there is theoretically a four-parameter model, with an upper asymptote. However, this is rarely used.
Perspectives on Rasch models: the data-model relationshipEdit
The Rasch model for dichotomous data is often regarded as a special case of the two parameter logistic (2PL) model, and therefore the 3PL model. Andrich (1989) referred to two prevailing views on the relationship between Lord's 3PL and Rasch's model. In one, the 3PL is a generalisation of the Rasch model because if the relevant parameters are specified as 0 and 1, the 3PL reduces to the Rasch model. In the other view, the 3PL is not a generalisation of the Rasch model because the 3PL cannot follow mathematically from Rasch's (1960,1961) specifications for the invariance of comparisons, which follows from the separability of the parameters.
Before identifying the widely known Rasch model for dichotomous data, Rasch (1960) employed the Poisson distribution as model for measurement. This model shares with the dichotomous model the property of separability of person and item parameters. If Rasch models are defined in terms of this distinguishing property, then the 2PL and 3PL are not generalisations of the Rasch model because they fail to preserve this property. Consistent with this, the 2PL and 3PL have no well-defined connection to Rasch's multiplicative Poisson model. Thus, whether the Rasch model is seen as a specifical case of IRT models is a matter of both the definition of what is a Rasch model, and the perceived purpose of using an item response model.
IRT models are generally used with the intention of describing a set of data as well as possible. Parameters are modified and accepted or rejected based on how well they fit the data. In contrast, when the Rasch model is employed, the objective is to obtain data which conform with the model in order to meet requirements of measurement (Andrich, 2004). Rasch (1960) showed the congruence of the separability of parameters with measurement in the physical sciences. Accordingly, proponents of Rasch measurement models assert that only data which conform with Rasch models satisfy the requirements of fundamental measurement (e.g. Wright, 1992). This entails the researcher deleting any data that they feel does not conform to the model they wish to use (Smith, 1990). Estimation of parameters is more straight forward in Rasch models due to the presence of sufficient statistics (e.g. Fischer & Molenaar, 1995).
From the perspective of modelling data, however, the Rasch model is a special case of the 2PL and hence it is often referred to as the one parameter model. The reason for the name two parameter logistic model is that the discrimination parameter is conceived as a second item parameter. This label implies that discrimination parameters are conceived as pertaining only to items, whereas Rasch (1977) emphasised the importance of the frame of reference for measurement as a whole. In the Rasch framework, therefore, discrimination cannot be regarded as something pertaining only to items. This is an additional distinction between the perspectives inherent in the use of the different models and the terminology employed by different authors.
One of the major contributions of item response theory is the extension of the concept of reliability. Traditionally, reliability refers to the precision of measurement (i.e., the degree to which measurement is free of error). And traditionally, it is measured using a single index defined in various ways, such as the ratio of true and observed score variance. This index is helpful in characterizing a test's average reliability, for example in order to compare two tests. But IRT makes it clear that precision is not uniform across the entire range of test scores. Scores at the edges of the test's range, for example, generally have more error associated with them than scores closer to the middle of the range.
Item response theory advances the concept of item and test information to replace reliability. Information is also a function of the model parameters. For example, according to Fisher information theory, the item information supplied in the case of the Rasch model for dichotomous response data is simply the probability of a correct response multiplied by the probability of an incorrect response, or,
The standard error of estimation (SE) is the reciprocal of the test information of at a given trait level, is the
Thus more information implies less error of measurement.
For other models, such as the two and three parameters models, the discrimination parameter plays an important role in the function. The item information function for the two parameter model is
In general, item information functions tend to look bell-shaped. Highly discriminating items have tall, narrow information functions; they contribute greatly but over a narrow range. Less discriminating items provide less information but over a wider range.
Plots of item information can be used to see how much information an item contributes and to what portion of the scale score range. Because of local independence, item information functions are additive. Thus, the test information function is simply the sum of the information functions of the items on the exam. Using this property with a large item bank, test information functions can be shaped to control measurement error very precisely.
Characterizing the accuracy of test scores is perhaps the central issue in psychometric theory and is a chief difference between IRT and CTT. IRT findings reveal that the CTT concept of reliability is a simplification. In the place of reliability, IRT offers the test information function which shows the degree of precision at different values of theta.
These results allow psychometricians to (potentially) carefully shape the level of reliability for different ranges of ability by including carefully chosen items. For example, in a certification situation in which a test can only be passed or failed, where there is only a single "cutscore," and where the actually passing score is unimportant, a very efficient test can be developed by selecting only items that have high information near the cutscore. These items generally correspond to items whose difficulty is about the same as that of the cutscore.
After the model is fit to data, each person has a theta estimate. This estimate is their score on the exam. This "IRT score" is computed and interpreted in a very different manner as compared to traditional scores like number or percent correct. However, for most tests, the (linear) correlation between the theta estimate and a traditional score is very high (often it is.95 or more). A graph of IRT scores against traditional scores shows an ogive shape implying that the IRT estimates separate individuals at the borders of the range more than in the middle.
It is worth noting the implications of IRT for test-takers. Tests are imprecise tools and the score achieved by an individual (the observed score) is always the true score occluded by some degree of error. This error may push the observed score higher or lower.
Also, nothing about these models refutes human development or improvement. A person may learn skills, knowledge or even so called "test-taking skills" which may translate to a higher true-score.
A comparison of classical and Item Response theoryEdit
Classical test theory (CTT) and IRT are largely concerned with the same problems but are different bodies of theory and therefore entail different methods. Although the two paradigms are generally consistent and complementary, there are a number of points of difference:
- IRT makes stronger assumptions than CTT and in many cases provides correspondingly stronger findings; primarily, characterizations of error. Of course, these results only hold when the assumptions of the IRT models are actually met.
- Although CTT results have allowed important practical results, the model-based nature of IRT affords many advantages over analogous CTT findings.
- CTT test scoring procedures have the advantage of being simple to compute (and to explain) whereas IRT scoring generally requires relatively complex estimation procedures (note that in the Rasch model the total score for a person is the sufficient statistic of the person parameter).
- IRT provides several improvements in scaling items and people. The specifics depend upon the IRT model, but most models scale the difficulty of items and the ability of people on the same metric. Thus the difficulty of an item and the ability of a person can be meaningfully compared.
- Another improvement provided by IRT is that the parameters of IRT models are generally not sampleor test-dependent whereas true-score is defined in CTT in the context of a specific test. Thus IRT provides significantly greater flexibility in situations where different samples or test forms are used. These IRT findings are foundational for computerized adaptive testing.
It is worth also mentioning some specific similarities between CTT and IRT which help to understand the correspondence between concepts. First, Lord (1980, p. 33) showed that under the assumption that is normally distributed, discrimination in the 2PL model is approximately a monotonic function of the point-biserial correlation. In particular:
where is the point biserial correlation of item i. Thus, if the assumption holds, where there is a higher discrimination there will generally be a higher point-biserial correlation.
Another similarity is that while IRT provides for a standard error of each estimate and an information function, it is also possible to obtain an index for a test as a whole which is directly analogous to Cronbach's alpha, called the separation index. To do so,


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Aid and abet
What's the meaning of the phrase 'Aid and abet'?
To help and encourage, usually in the commission of a crime or anti-social act.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Aid and abet'?
'Aid and abet' is a common enough expression but, whilst 'aid' is well-known, what does 'abet' mean exactly? The word derives from the French 'abeter' - to hound, which itself derives from the Norse 'beita' - to cause to bite.
The phrase 'aid and abet' was coined in the late 18th century, by which time the term 'abet' had lost its original 'cause to bite' meaning. An early example of its use dates from 1798, when George Washington included it in a letter, first published in Writings, 1893. He didn't appear to have any better opinion of the French than that of the US administration concerning the Gallic reluctance to aid and abet the war in Iraq:
"My mind is not a little agitated by the outrageous conduct of France towards the United States, and at the inimitable conduct of its partisans, who aid and abet their measures."
Bear baiting, or as it was first called 'bear abetting', was a popular entertainment in England between the 16th and 19th centuries. It took place in pits in 'bear gardens', in which tethered bears were torn to pieces by trained bulldogs. Such pits were commonplace and some still exist, although they are of course no longer in use.
This'sport' wasn't viewed with the distaste we now have for animal cruelty - Queen Elizabeth I condoned the practice by attending baitings, one of which resulted in 13 dead bears. The Elizabethan writer Robert Laneham described the scene:
"It was a sport very pleasant to see, to see the bear, with his pink eyes, tearing after his enemies approach... and when he was loose to shake his ears twice or thrice with the blood and the slaver hanging about his physiognomy."
So, if you plan to help someone, aid them by all means, but no biting please.


Our Real Latin America Expert
1968 seems light years ago: a year of massive social and political upheavals all over the world, political assassinations, jungle print kaftans and the Beatles' White album. But some things never change, and the official visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip to Chile, as reported in a commentary rich in deferential clichés on Pathé News, seems in some ways timeless.
This visit, which took place exactly fifty years ago in November 1968, had an extraordinary impact on the Chilean people. Chile has long been a friend of the UK, which is fondly remembered for the participation of renegade former admiral Lord Cochrane in the country's war of independence. (Subsequent to the Queen's visit, Chile was accommodating to British troops during the Falklands/Malvinas war and Britain also offered asylum to a significant number of dissidents during the Pinochet era). The royal visit took place during a relatively stable period under the stewardship of Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei, a couple of years before Salvador Allende was swept to power in a democratic election, subsequently to be toppled in a military coup by Augusto Pinochet.
queen at hotel antumalal pucon 1968
Photo: Archivo Casa Museo EFM
Hosted by President Frei, Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh were welcomed by huge crowds wherever they went, driving through the capital in an open-topped car. They also visited the port of Valparaiso. Following this the royal couple travelled by air (in what really does look like a museum piece) to Pucón in the lake district. At the time, this now dynamic resort on the shores of Lake Villarrica was a small, unassuming town crouching in the shadow of the imperious snow-draped cone of the volcano also named Villarrica. Tourism was originally given a boost with the establishment of the first hotels in the 1920s and completion of regional roads, but only took off in a modest way in the 1930s. Nowadays, with a huge range of summertime adventure activities to choose from - hiking, river rafting, horse riding, bird watching, fishing and canyoning, it is a popular destination for visitors on all budgets. In winter and spring you can ski or snowboard on the slopes of the volcano or visit one of the thermal baths situated a stone throw's away in the Valdivian temperate rain forest.
antumalal trekking
The monarch was not tempted at the time to indulge in adrenaline-pumping activities but did stay at what is still one of Chile's most iconic hotels, Antumalal. It started life as a Czech-owned tea room on a rocky promontory on the lakeshore 2km from town, but eventually a visionary architect was commissioned to build a hotel on the site designed in the stark Bauhaus style of the 1940s and 50s. Its modernist construction stands in contrast to the Patagonian features of many other properties in the region, but it does have a regional focus: embracing artwork and furnishings which defer to the culture of the Mapuche Indians, indigenous to the lake district. The Queen's impending visit caused a bit of a stir; there are main anecdotes related locally: one being that the hotel management felt that Her Majesty could not be expected to sleep on a used mattress so a new one was shipped in – unfortunately on an open-backed truck, which resulted in its being soaked in the rain and had to be dried out over an open fire. It all went well however in the end and the Queen is on record for having commented that she found the property delightful.
With the panoramic views from the luxury guest rooms, the superb natural and ornamental gardens and now a spa, this property has attracted not only Queen Elizabeth but no end of dignitaries and celebrities including Neil Armstrong, James Stewart, Barry Goldwater and Emma Thompson. Why not add your name to the list of illustrious visitors?
Tailor-made holidays
Design my trip


text:
i am trying to upload a sound file into my class.
i am using this method
but how do i specify the location of the song i wantCode:
string strFilename = args;
File soundFile = new File(strFilename);
for example the song is in the desktop under name (song1.wav)
and what if i want to upload mp3?


What is Miracast?
Answer ID 3255 | Published 01/09/2013 12:45 PM | Updated 08/08/2013 08:33 AM
What is Miracast?
Miracast is a peer-to-peer wireless screencast standard created by the Wi-Fi Alliance. It allows two devices (say a tablet and a television) to communicate directly to each other using Wi-Fi, rather than going through a router. Miracast can be used for streaming video and games from a device to a television.
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text: American School is pleased to partner with Rosetta Stone to offer the following online Dutch courses. Dutch 1 (full unit) Dutch 1 (first semester) Dutch 1 (second semester) These are completely online courses with no textbooks, study guides or exam books. Rosetta Stone is a powerful learning tool that provides students with an immersive, interactive and engaging language-learning experience. Utilizing a variety of immersion techniques and administrative features, the software accelerates language learning and provides quantifiable measurements of success. Key features include advanced speech recognition technology, speech analysis tools, predefined course templates, grammar and spelling components and a milestone feature which simulates real-life situations in which to practice the language. The immersion environment puts students' native language-learning skills to work, eliminating their dependence on translation and memorization. Images, intuition, interactivity and instruction are hallmarks of the immersion learning environment. Click here for Rosetta Stone's system requirements.


Main Content
Create Labels
In a project, use labels to organize files and communicate information to project users. You can create these types of label categories:
 - Single-valued — You can attach only one label from the category to a file.
 - Multi-valued — You can attach multiple labels from the category to a file.
The Labels tree has built-in labels in the single-valued Classification category:
 - You cannot rename or delete Artifact, Convenience, Derived, Design, None, Test, and Other.
 - You cannot annotate built-in labels.
To create a label category:
 1. In a project, right-click the Labels pane. Then select Create New Category.
 2. In the Create Category dialog box, enter a name for the new category.
 3. If you require a single-valued label category, select the Single Valued check box. The default is multi-valued.
 4. If you want to specify a data type for the label other than String, from the Type list, select Double, Integer, Logical, or None.
 5. Click Create.
To create a label in a category:
 1. In the Labels pane, right-click the label category and select Create New Label.
 2. In the Create Label dialog box, enter a name for the new label and click OK.
To rename or delete a category or label, right-click it and select Rename or Remove.
To create new labels at the command line, see Automate Project Tasks Using Scripts.
Related Topics


Maturix Precast Software
Maturix Precast Software
Web Portal for Concrete Monitoring in Precast Productions
Maturix Precast Software
Maturix precast software provides in-depth insights into the curing process of each monitored precast element. Set up a production facility in the software and follow all relevant parameters of the concrete curing process dedicated to the use in a precast factory. Follow the readings in real-time on a dashboard, access the data from anywhere through the cloud and use the statistics for further optimisation of the cycles, heating and concrete mixes.
Monitor the curing process with Orbit K or Gaia 200 and add an Orbit 3 for ambient climate monitoring – All data shown in the Maturix Precast software.
Optimise Your Production With Wireless Sensors
All in One Place
Gain insights into the concrete temperature, maturity and strength development in real-time and optimize workflows based on data.
Optimise Production Based on Data
Improve the time to demould based on curing data from the precast elements and cut down redundant waiting time while reducing the risk of slippage.
Automatic Detailed Digital Documentation
All the data is easily accessible online and can be shared, exported or downloaded with a few clicks for easy digital reporting and documentation.
How to Use Maturix in Precast?
Optimise Your Production Cycles
The intuitive and easy-to-use software provides insights into all relevant parameters of the concrete curing: Follow the concrete temperaturematurity and strength development in real-time.
Based on Concrete Maturity, the software automatically calculates the concrete strength development based on the temperature history and maturity data from the sensor.
Use a
climate sensor to monitor the ambient climate in your production hall and optimise further.
Adjust cycles and demoulding time based on the strength data from the monitoring to boost productivity while ensuring great product quality, reducing the risk of slippage and cutting waste.
Software Maturix Precast
Maturix Precast Mobile
Monitor, follow and improve
Maturix Precast Mobile
Process Optimization Based on Data
Assure Product Quality and Analyse for Further Improvements
Aligning the demoulding time with real-time data makes sure, that the required strength has been reached before the elements are lifted. This ensures great product quality and drastically reduces waste.
As all the data is stored in the cloud and can be easily saved, shared or downloaded and the extensive statistics in the program enable improvements of heating, concrete mixes and the overall production performance.
Increase your production capacity by up to 15% while making sure the targets are reached with Maturix.
Maturix Precast Software alarms
Maturix Precast Dashboard Mockup
All Production Data in One View
Dashboard View for Easy Overview
Follow the production process in the dashboard view and keep the overview of all your lanes, elements and casts. Set up a screen in the production halls to share the status easily with the production workers for better communication and easier scheduling.
Know exactly how far each element is in the curing process and plan the workflow according to the estimated time when the target is reached.
Easy Documentation and Reporting
Maturix Precast Statistics Mockup
Maturix Precast Statistics Mockup
Why Maturix?
The Most Cost-Efficient and Advanced Concrete Monitoring Solution for Precast
Gain Insights Into the Curing Status
The solution provides real-time insights into the concrete curing process. Use data to adjust your schedule and optimise the workflow.
Boost Productivity
Shorten the cycles of precast elements based on data monitored directly in the elements. Cut down redundant waiting time while reducing the risk of slippage.
Automatic Documentation
All data is stored in the cloud for easy access and documentation. Reports and statistics enable further optimisation of cycles, heating and concrete mixes.
Let's find out if Maturix can help you to increase productivity in precast!


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Snapshot 1: with the symmetric initial state, the probability for the quantum walk is symmetric about the origin
Snapshot 2: after many steps, the particle performing a quantum random walk is likely to be much farther from the origin than with a classical random walk
Snapshot 3: after just one step, both classical and quantum random walks have the same probabilities: equally likely to be at positions +1 or -1
In the classical random walk, at each step there is equal probability for the particle to move one unit to the left or right along the line. During a single random walk, the particle is at a definite location after each step. The probability shown in the plot is the fraction of such walks in which the particle is at each location after the specified number of steps.
In the quantum random walk, the particle is in a superposition of locations along the line. The values shown in the plot are the probability of finding the particle at each location if the particle is observed after the specified number of steps.
The state of the quantum particle after
steps can be expressed as a sum
, where the
values are complex numbers,
is an integer between
giving the location along the line, and
is a single quantum bit (called a qubit
) that represents the value of a coin flipped to determine the direction of the particle at the next step: 0 and 1 correspond to decreasing and increasing
by 1, respectively. The probability of observing the particle at location
After a step, the superposition
. Thus a quantum particle starting at a definite location
has equal probability of being observed after one step at locations
, the same as the classical random walk. But after more than one step, interference among multiple terms in the superposition gives different behavior between the classical and quantum random walks.
The behavior of the quantum random walk varies with the choice of initial state for the qubit
. This qubit can start with a definite state (0 or 1), the same as a classical bit. More generally, the qubit can start as a superposition of the two values 0 and 1. This Demonstration shows two examples for the initial state of the qubit. The asymmetric initial condition has
and all other values equal to zero. The symmetric initial condition has
, and all other values equal to zero. In both cases, the particle starts at location 0, the same as for the classical random walk.
After an even or odd number of steps, the particle can only be at even or odd locations along the line, respectively. Selecting the "join the points" control shows a curve connecting the nonzero probabilities.
For a physical implementation, see M. Karski et al., "Quantum Walk in Position Space with Single Optically Trapped Atoms," Science
, 2009 pp. 174–177.


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Importing Data from FLAT FILE to TABLE using TERADATA SQL ASSISTANT is very simple.It is very easy to import data from any flat file to table in TERADATA using TERADATA SQL Assistant. First, you need to write SQL Query in Query Window. INSERT query should be in accordance with the flat file considering the columns mentioned in FLAT FILE in the same order. So if your flat file contains five columns, mention those five columns in the same order in your INSERT CLAUSE; like
INSERT INTO TABLENAME (COL1,COL2,COL3,COL4,COL5) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?);
Go to FILE –> Import Results. Now when you run the query, it will display the browse window and will ask you to select the file to which you want to use to import data.
Points to consider while importing data from table:
a) Delimiter: Whether you want to import FIXED WIDTH or DELIMITED file. If file is delimited then you need to select the delimiter for the input file. To select the appropriate Delimiter for your output file go to TOOLS–>OPTIONS –> EXPORT/IMPORT –> Set the Delimiter.
b) SKIP HEADER:There are other options available, like Ignore First Record (Skip Header).So check these options also while importing data.
c) Suitable UTILITY:IMPORT via TERADATA SQL Assistant is not preferable if data is too huge in terms of records counts or row length. As it operates at row level, importing huge volume of data may take long time. For such cases, use FASTLOAD or MULTILOAD utility.


Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Shipping calculated at checkout.
This simple but functional Roman food storage jar is based on one found during excavations at Nottingham. Plain ceramic vessels such as this would have been widely used in kitchens across the Roman Empire, on a daily basis.
Earthenware, terracotta
Approx. 205 mm tall, 120 mm diameter
This replica Roman pot has been hand made in Northumberland by Potted History, inspired by original artefacts. It has been wood fired to emulate authentic the original Roman firing conditions, to a temperature of between 800°C & 1000°C. This process often results in variations of the surface colour and texture, emulating original Roman Pottery and giving each pot it's unique character.
Health and Safety
This is a Museum Quality Replica made using the tools and techniques that would have been used during the Roman era. As this is an unglazed pot with a porous surface it will absorb some of the flavours during us, which does add to the flavour of future dishes. However, it does also mean that this pot does not meet modern Health and Safety standards and therefore we do not advise that it is used for food storage with. When the Romans cooked in ceramic pots they would rely on applying sufficient heat to the pot and contents to ensure that all bacteria was killed. Heating to over 70°C for at least 10 minutes would have killed most disease causing bacteria and temperatures of 100°C would do even more.


Tips for CAT Exam Preparation
Tips for CAT Exam Preparation
Try the following tips before the CAT Exam and you will find yourself more confident and geared up for the Cat Exam day.
In the last week do not study new concepts instead focus on what you have already studied. Revise only what you have studied.
Revise and understand the mistakes which you did in last few mock tests that you gave.
Just before the exam day, relax and keep your self stress free by spending some time with family and friends.
You must take proper sleep before the exam to prevent stress during the exam.
Do not take wild guess in the Cat Exam paper. As CAT Exam has negative marking so only if you are able to eliminate 2-3 choices, then you should take a guess.
Tips for CAT Exam PreparationYou must reach the venue 2 hours before the CAT Exam starts.
Go through the Computer Instruction thoroughly to prevent mistakes during the paper. Get yourself familiar with the testing platform.
Keep all your stuff like admit card, pencils etc well in advance to prevent last minute hassle.
Dont waste much time on particular section, Manage your Exam time well.. You can always bookmark the question and come back later and attempt it.
Just relax and have full control over yourself and keep your self cool during the Exam Time.
Give it your best shot and do not quit from Exam Hall with out completing your task.


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GamCare has notified stakeholders that the English Gambling Education Hub (EGEH) has published its first Insights Report after its initial networking event. The topic was the effectiveness of collaboration in addressing gambling harms among young people.
EGEH is a cross-collaboration research hub formed of seven organisations funded by GambleAware – including GamCare, Aquarius, ARA, Recovery for All, Beacon Counselling Trust, Breakeven, NECA, and YGAM – working to minimise youth problem gambling risks.
In March, a maiden research event was held by the EGEH, attracting a hundred professionals from education, health, voluntary, and local authority sectors.
The assembly of experts in mental health, suicide prevention, youth work, and those offering training, support, and treatment for gambling-related harms manifested a shared commitment to raising awareness about the risks of gambling among young people.
The event served as an introduction to the Hub emphasising the pivotal role of collaboration in their mission: to provide clear, consistent, and quality information to facilitate and embed gambling education accessible to all.
In the light of the UK Gambling Commission's (UKGC) 2022 estimate, which identified 0.9% of 11 to 16-year-olds as engaging in harmful gambling and an additional 2.4% at risk, this issue warrants urgent attention.
EGEH events are orchestrated to provoke thoughtful discussion and shared learning among network professionals. This collaborative effort aims to enhance service accessibility and cultivate age-appropriate resources while ensuring that the voices of young people remain central to the discourse.
The inaugural event allowed stakeholders to identify four central themes pivotal to its shared goal. Firstly, initiatives designed for young people are more likely to succeed when young people are actively involved in their development. This inclusive approach ensures that strategies are tailored to their needs and perspectives.
Secondly, the dangers of gambling to young people are very real and complex, with cross-sectoral links between this concealed harm and other risky behaviours and challenges faced by young people. This emphasises the necessity of cross-sectoral collaboration to comprehensively tackle this issue.
Thirdly, the participants acknowledged the challenges of securing funding in the voluntary sector. The competition for resources can act as a barrier to progress. A cohesive strategy, sharing resources and creativity, was seen as the key to overcoming this obstacle.
Finally, the importance of reaching out to diverse communities was underlined. The need to identify these communities, understand their unique situations, and connect with them effectively is vital for collaboration and the overall mission of EGEH.
After successfully hosting two networking events, the EGEH's commitment to expanding its network and impact is unwavering. The Hub is already moving towards its goal of providing consistent, quality information to help embed gambling education and make it accessible for all. It is simultaneously working to ensure that the insights gained directly from young people about how to connect with them for greater impact are woven into their strategies.
Moreover, the EGEH plans to leverage evidence-based approaches from partner organisations to tackle this issue effectively. With the focus on forging stronger partnerships, harnessing the power of collaboration, and using the insights derived from these engagements.
The EGEH is poised to play a crucial role in preventing gambling-related harms among young people taking on an inclusive approach to bring about positive change in this critical area.


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6.4 Forecasting by analogy
A useful judgmental approach which is often implemented in practice is forecasting by analogy. A common example is the pricing of a house through an appraisal process. An appraiser estimates the market value of a house by comparing it to similar properties that have sold in the area. The degree of similarity depends on the attributes considered. With house appraisals, attributes such as land size, dwelling size, numbers of bedrooms and bathrooms, and garage space are usually considered.
Even thinking and discussing analogous products or situations can generate useful (and sometimes crucial) information. We illustrate this point with the following example.8
Example: Designing a high school curriculum
A small group of academics and teachers were assigned the task of developing a curriculum for teaching judgement and decision making under uncertainty for high schools in Israel. Each group member was asked to forecast how long it would take for the curriculum to be completed. Responses ranged between 18 and 30 months. One of the group members who was an expert in curriculum design was asked to consider analogous curricula developments around the world. He concluded that 40% of analogous groups he considered never completed the task. The rest took between 7 to 10 years. The Israel project was completed in 8 years.
Obviously, forecasting by analogy comes with challenges. We should aspire to base forecasts on multiple analogies rather than a single analogy, which may create biases. However, these may be challenging to identify. Similarly, we should aspire to consider multiple attributes. Identifying or even comparing these may not always be straightforward. As always, we suggest performing these comparisons and the forecasting process using a systematic approach. Developing a detailed scoring mechanism to rank attributes and record the process of ranking will always be useful.
A structured analogy
Alternatively, a structured approach comprising a panel of experts can be implemented, as was proposed by Green & Armstrong (2007). The concept is similar to that of a Delphi; however, the forecasting task is completed by considering analogies. First, a facilitator is appointed. Then the structured approach involves the following steps.
- A panel of experts who are likely to have experience with analogous situations is assembled.
- Tasks/challenges are set and distributed to the experts.
- Experts identify and describe as many analogies as they can, and generate forecasts based on each analogy.
- Experts list similarities and differences of each analogy to the target situation, then rate the similarity of each analogy to the target situation on a scale.
- Forecasts are derived by the facilitator using a set rule. This can be a weighted average, where the weights can be guided by the ranking scores of each analogy by the experts.
As with the Delphi approach, anonymity of the experts may be an advantage in not suppressing creativity, but could hinder collaboration. Green and Armstrong found no gain in collaboration between the experts in their results. A key finding was that experts with multiple analogies (more than two), and who had direct experience with the analogies, generated the most accurate forecasts.
Green, K. C., & Armstrong, J. S. (2007). Structured analogies for forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 23(3), 365–376. _URL_


text:
Among its innovations, Object Matrix is showing its Process in Place (PiP) content-aware feature that aims to reduce the processing needed to index and access content.
In addition to demonstrating PiP, Object Matrix is launching its new management API software, which enables access to audit and monitoring information. It's also featuring Trashcan, which works like the trashcan on a PC, meaning that when content is accidentally deleted it can be stored on the system and recovered instead of being removed entirely.
Nicholas Pearce-Tomenius, sales and marketing director, Object Matrix, said: "We are noticing the rapid increasing of file sizes and the number of platforms for content provision. The constant changing of distribution methods means that it's more important than ever for broadcasters to be able to easily access their content and be sure that it won't be damaged or lost."


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How Is The Amount Of Compensation Payable Calculated?
The amount of compensation that the employer has to pay is calculated according to the following specifications:
- When there is a death caused due to an injury, the compensation payable amounts to 50% of the wages*the factor that is relevant at the time (the higher amount is considered). An additional Rs.1000 is to be provided for funeral expenses.
- In case the workman is totally and permanently disabled under Schedule1, 60%of his salary* the factor relevant is to be provided. If the amount is less than 60,000, the compensation has to be raised to Rs.60000.
- In case the workman is partially but permanently disabled, the same calculations as above apply-but the percentage is calculated on the basis of the loss in earning capacity.If the injury is not specified under schedule1, compensation commensurate with the loss in income must be made. Also, the loss or reduction in income will need to be assessed by a qualified doctor.
- Where the workman is temporarily disabled (either partial or total), the employer will need to make a compensation amounting to 25% of the monthly salary of the worker. This will go on for the time the disability continues, or 5 years –whichever period is shorter.
Workmen Compensation Laws in India


text:
Step Two: FIERY COLLISION
As the two membranes draw nearer to each other, they ripple and distort so that the surfaces come together in different places and at different times. As the membrane surfaces crash into each other, vast amounts of energy are released (white zone). Called ekpyrosis—the Greek word for conflagration—the colossal collision gives birth to a baby universe in our membrane (right). The force of the impact causes space to expand rapidly and also pushes the two membranes apart.


text:
High concentrations map
Data allows us to see and quantify where things are happening. When creating maps about behaviors among the population, we tend to see patterns based on where most people live. Overcome this by showing the value as a percentage of the total. For example, this map shows us where people speak Spanish at home, based on data from the American Community Survey. To identify concentrations of Spanish speakers, use an Arcade expression, much like a Microsoft Excel formula.


Building Location
Building Location and GHG Impact
Commuting by office workers accounts for 30% more energy use than a building uses for meeting its energy needs (e.g. heating, cooling, lighting, etc.) This may well exceed the energy savings realized by a green building. [1]
Transportation energy intensity is recently being proposed as a metric of building performance. It is the amount of energy associated with getting people to and from a building. Location is the most critical element to reducing transportation energy intensity and thus the GHGs emitted as a result of your operations. [1]
Location of local government buildings should be given greater attention and should be a key consideration when evaluating building performance.
[1] Alex Wilson and Rachel Navaro, (2007). Driving to Green Buildings: The Transportation Energy Intensity of Buildings., Page 1.


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|BE: Establishing the Production Preparation System
Honda debuted its new CVCC engine in February 1971, using an innovative low emissions technology as a springboard into the global spotlight. In those days, growing public concern with regard to safety and air pollution had forced automobile manufacturers to look beyond high performance and quality. To survive, it would be essential to provide a diverse line of cars designed to meet the needs of individual consumers.
Amid all this, Sayama Factory implemented an organizational change in September of the same year. The factorys Second Plant (the former Third Plant renamed after the Honda Manufacturing Machinery spin-off) transferred to the First Plant its mass-production functions for plastics work such as stamping, molding and casting. It then integrated its pre-production functionsprimarily molding, design, and die productionwith PG (which had successfully completed the Life launch) and restarted it as the Body Engineering Plant, or BE (Body Engineering).
BEs numerous responsibilities included the development of original technologies regarding body-contour reproduction, along with the design and production of dies. Moreover, BE was to collaborate with engineering groups specializing in body production as well as with Honda Manufacturing Machinery, which was responsible for the design and production of welding machines and fixtures (jigs with welding functions). Thus, it was believed that all Honda factories would receive assistance with body production. Therefore, in order to enhance Honda's production structure in all areas of body production, and increase the company's competitiveness, BE took an active role in engineering development. The group even established a system whereby Honda factories could prepare for the production launch of a new model concurrently with product development at Honda R&D. lt was a very close relationship with the factories that established BE as a critical force in production quality.
The system of production preparation established by BE targeted the following requirements:
A shorter lead-time from pre-production through production
Assurance of both productivity and product performance
Fewer initial problems at the start of mass production
Minimized startup costs and losses
Lower per-model investment in production facilities
These rather lofty goals meant that BE would have to work with Honda R&D,and that anticipated engineering problems would have to be settled prior to mass production. The creation of prototypes was one such method.Furthermore, BE collaborated with Honda's production departments in resolving issues arising from inappropriate production structures. The group proposed new systems of production, supplied dies, welding jigs, and machine equipment, and verified in detail whether or not the target requirements were being met.
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