text:
Continual production of preinsulated pipes provides well-known benefits because of the quick and inexpensive production method. But how do continuously produced pipes differ from pipes produced in a traditional way? Get the answer here, where we explore the two production methods in depth, so you will have a better basis for choosing the right solution for your district heating project.
An infinite pipe strand through continual production
In a traditional production process, one separate pipe is produced manually at a time. During this discontinuous production, the carrier pipe is thrust into a jacket pipe. Plastic spacers are used in order to ensure centring; they are attached to the carrier pipe before the carrier pipe is thrust into the jacket pipe. Such spacers are also used when the pipe is equipped with alarm wires. The gap between the carrier pipe and the jacket pipe is then filled with polyurethane foam, using high pressure machinery that ensures a homogenous foam density over the entire length of the pipe.
However, in our fully automatic continuous producing plant, we can – in theory – manufacture an infinite pipe strand. For the production of continuously produced bonded pipes, we start placing joints at both ends of the steel pipe, so they can be taken into the machine in a continual process. During the process, the alarm wires will be positioned by a fully automatic machine, while a control panel is constantly ensuring the proper production conditions. The foaming procedure ensures continuous injection of polyurethane foam via foil trays. Thus, the foam liquids can distribute around the steel pipe while the foil – which now acts as a diffusion barrier – encloses the insulation. Finally, the jacket pipe is extruded and the pipes are ready to be marked, cut into lengths, cleaned and checked.
Six metres of pipes are produced every single minute
Because of the fully automatic process, isoplus can produce no less than six metres of pipes every minute. However, when the production of continuously produced pipes is started, we have to accept that the first and the last pipes are unusable. Therefore, a certain number of pipes have to be produced to make the process economical, since it is not possible to stop the production at one end without stopping the entire process. When the production ends, there will therefore always be pipes that are only half finished.
The delicate foaming process requires routine and experience
isoplus' continuously produced pipes are always based on an axial process, though there are also other ways to produce continuously produced pipes. Using such other methods, the foaming is usually carried out by means of a rotary process, where the foam has air contact for a prolonged time, and this reduces the lambda value. Using isoplus' axial process, the foam is in contact with the air as little as possible, meaning that we avoid unnecessary nitrogen from getting into the foam and thereby reducing the lambda value.
Foaming of continuously produced pipes is a very delicate process and it takes very little to spoil the foaming process. The balance between correct temperature, air pressure and air humidity is subtle. These parameters are vital to the success of the production, but conditions change all the time. Therefore, we must be able to adapt various parameters. The job can only be done by persons with routine and experience. But once you have the required experience, the hard work results in pipes of prime quality.
Continual production provides finer cells and reduces the heat loss
In general, the insulation in continuously produced pipes has a better lambda value than pipes produced in a traditional manner. The reason is that in a continual process the foam liquids are placed on the foil at the bottom of the pipe, from where it can expand around the pipe and meet at the top of the pipe. This method provides finer foam cells, reducing the heat loss. During traditional production, the foam is thrust several metres into the pipe. To press it to the extreme ends of the pipe, more propellant must be added – propellant reduces the lambda value.
Still, the cells will principally turn spherical when the foam liquid is thrust into the pipe during traditional production. However, during continual production, they turn ovate because the cells will try to grow from the outside. This results in an ovate shape in axial direction to the pipe. Just like we know it from eggs, the short side is slightly weaker than the long side, meaning that we also get a lower compressive strength in radial direction than in axial direction. In practice, this merely means that we cannot install continuously produced pipes at the same depth. Whereas traditionally produced pipes can be installed at a depth of 40m, continuously produced pipes should not be installed at a depth of more than 20m. However, as district heating pipes are usually not installed at a depth of more than a few metres, in practice it has no real impact on safety or lifetime.
The heat loss stays low at all times, thanks to the diffusion barrier
In addition to the improved lambda value achieved in the continual production process, the integrated diffusion barrier also plays a central role when it comes to achieving a lower heat loss – because the diffusion barrier prevents CO2 and cyclopentane from diffusing through the jacket pipe. This way, we can ensure that the good insulating gases remain in the foam, and gases from the outside with poor insulating properties, remain on the outside. This helps ensuring an insulation material with a constantly low lambda value.
For the axial process used in our continual production, we use the diffusion barrier to keep the foam liquid in place during production. It is not that easy to apply a diffusion barrier in a pipe produced in the traditional way, because here, you need to produce the jacket pipe with the diffusion barrier. In general, we do not do this at isoplus, because it would mean mixing various materials, resulting in us being unable to reuse waste materials.


text:
Cultural Heritage Day of Chile dedicated to the 40th anniversary
The 2012 edition of the Cultural Heritage Day of Chile will be celebrated in the framework of the 40th anniversary of the World Heritage Convention. In order to contribute to the worldwide celebrations of the anniversary, this year's edition focuses specifically on the relation between heritage and development, including the role of local communities in heritage preservation.
This festivity has been celebrated every last Sunday of May since the year 1999, with the objective to organize a festive day reflecting on the values, the role and the significance of Chilean cultural heritage. Activities, taking place all around the country, include opening of monuments to public, seminars and educational activities to sensitize the general public to preservation and sustainable management of cultural heritage in Chile.
Every year, this celebration counts on the participation of hundreds of volunteers. This year, the number will be extended by promoting local communities active participation through a "campaign for the common good" forming teams of young volunteers who will clean four national monuments in Santiago.
Furthermore, an expert seminar with the theme "Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development" will take place as part of the Cultural Heritage Day. Two panel discussions will be dedicated to the role of local communities in the conservation of archeological and paleontological heritage and their role in the social development of urban heritage areas.
More information on _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Many people are confused about the concepts in DBus. This page gives an analogy to the web which should help to explain things.
- unique bus name
- well-known bus name
- object path
- method name
- in parameters
- out parameters
Web Server Analogy
- unique bus name is like an IP address. In particular it is dynamic.
- well-known bus name is like a hostname. It can be held by different programs at different times, but they should all implement the same API
- object path is like the path on the server
- interface/method name is like GET or POST
- in parameters are like like GET/POST variables
- out parameters are like the page which is returned.
Object-Oriented Language Analogy
- an object path refers to an object, such as a java.lang.Object
- an interface is exactly like a Java interface
- in parameters are method arguments
- out parameters are method return values
- unique bus name identifies the running process or application uniquely (these bus names are never re-used by a different process)
- well-known bus name is a "symlink" that points to the process providing a particular API
- an API is made up of objects that are expected to exist, which are expected to implement certain interfaces
- see also _URL_


Math on the Table (The Gracie Series)
Written and illustrated by Grace La Joy Henderson
Gracie loves to do math problems. When she finds a blank math worksheet on the table in the living room, she becomes excited. Gracie inquires of her parents where it came from. Both joke that they don't know the answer. Gracie decides that it must have been placed there for her. She hurries to solve all the problems on the paper and feels elated when she accomplishes the task.
When Gracie's younger brother discovers the completed worksheet, he becomes distraught. It turns out this was his homework. Gracie feels ashamed. She apologizes to her brother and learns a valuable lesson. This book is part of a series in which Gracie learns life lessons through personal experiences. The series is recommended for ages three through eleven but probably most appropriate for ages seven and older.
If you enjoyed reading this post, please subscribe by clicking on the word Follow or by hitting the RSS Feed button in the upper right-hand corner of this page.


text:
DH Key exchange
2. R1 sends its public key over to R2. R2 did the same.
3. R1 uses R2's public key and its own private key and calculate a shared-secret key with DH algorithm. R2 did the same. The end result is both R1 and R2 produce identical secret key.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
I thought "commoner" is 'a person not of royal birth', but saw "commoner" used instead of "more common". Is this correct?
- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
It can be used that way and understood, because of the general pattern of adding -er to adjectives to form comparatives. However, commoner as a comparative is not standard.
The Oxford English Dictionary's entry for commoner only lists it as a noun. Wiktionary's entry does include an adjectival form, and it is defined as "more common," but calls this usage "less desirable" and "much less commonly used" than "more common."
Checking up Google Ngrams, using "commonest" and "most common" (not using "commoner" as Google Ngrams will show results of "commoner" as a noun) :
"Most common"(and deductively "more common") is more used.
Take this sentence for example:
It's not a stretch to imagine the listener might hear it as "Here's a commoner-ball" instead. "commoner" here refers to an adjectival noun instead of a comparative adjective.


text:
In 2001, the Global Pertussis Initiative was established as a scientific forum to analyze the status of pertussis globally and to evaluate various immunization strategies to improve disease control. Thirty-seven multidisciplinary experts from 17 countries participated.
The initiative was conducted in 3 stages: assessment of the international epidemiology, diagnosis, health and economic burden, and prevention and treatment of pertussis; evaluation and prioritization of 7 immunization strategies to address the problems; and identification of solutions to surmount potential barriers to the implementation of these strategies. A health-economic model, created for the Initiative, analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the selected immunization strategies. Discussion, debate, and consensus were facilitated via a roundtable meeting, teleconferences and use of a closed, interactive website, allowing the participants to share data, knowledge, experience, and opinion. This article describes the processes undertaken to conduct the Initiative.


text:
Thematic Pathways in General Education (TPGE) is an initiative to increase student engagement in General Education (Gen Ed) courses and to foster cross-disciplinary connections and co-curricular learning opportunities. Pathways identify subsets of Gen Ed courses with relevant content proposed by the General Education Committee or other faculty groups. They create a new filter in STAR so that students can identify subsets of courses with Gen Ed designations with thematic content that may interest them. Students may opt to fulfill a subset of their Gen Ed Core (Foundations and Diversification) and Special Graduation (Focus and Hawaiian/Second Language) requirements within one or more TPGEs, but they are in no way required to do so. Participation in TPGEs is entirely voluntary for faculty as well. If, for any reason, departments do not want one or more of their classes included, they can opt out by emailing their request to _EMAIL_ at any time.
TPGEs will also feature co-curricular learning opportunities. For example, a lecture on campus may be interesting to students enrolled in Gen Ed designated classes with Sustainability content. The General Education Committee and General Education Office can forward announcements about such activities to the departments with courses in the Sustainability TPGE, for example, so that students can be alerted to them, and/or so those events can be incorporated into the curricula.
TPGEs should be clearly distinct and much broader than any single major, minor or certificate. TPGEs are not academic programs or a Gen Ed requirement. Instead, TPGEs provide selection criteria for undergraduate students, academic advisors, and faculty advisors to use during the registration process in order to identify subsets of courses fulfilling Gen Ed requirements that have some content relevant to a broad, interdisciplinary area that may be of interest to the student. A TPGE on "Climate Change," for example, would identify the subset of courses with Gen Ed Diversification designations that have sufficient content related to sea rise, air pollution, migration, and public policy. With over 4000 courses with Diversification designations, and more being added each year, students are faced with an overwhelming array of choices. By tagging subsets of courses with content related to a broad interest area, the registration system's new TPGE menu will allow them to quickly pull up a subset of courses relevant to a TPGE that may interest them. The student interested in Climate Change can then find a shorter list of choices for fulfilling a Diversification Arts (DA) requirement (e.g.,Tropical Landscape Planting Design Studio, Topics in Theatre Production). If no courses in that subset fit her schedule or pique her interest, she can choose from DA courses in a different TPGE or from the complete list of all courses with a DA designation. As a registration tool, TPGEs function like filters in search bars on retail sites: Men's Shoes may bring up thousands of options, but Boots narrows that to a more manageable subset of choices.
If you have any questions, or want to discuss an idea for a new TPGE, don't hesitate to contact us.


From LinuxReviews
Jump to navigationJump to search
OSTree is a set of command line tools and libraries (libostree) for downloading, managing and updating large filesystem trees in a git-style fashion. Some GNU/Linux distributions use it as an alternative or addition to traditional package managers like apt and dnf.
OSTree uses a content-addressed object store with branches to store file system trees. These trees can be cloned but they can not be changed. Individual files have checksums to ensure integrity. Think git for bootable root file systems with a different toolset geared towards maintaining entire operating systems. OSTree differs from git in one very notable way: The cloned files are immutable, they can not be changed. Upgrading is done by cloning an entirely new tree which is then merged with the existing tree. This ensures that the running tree remains unchanged. The new upgraded tree does not become active until the next system reboot.
OSTree distributions install the core base system to /ostree/deploy/currentroot instead of /. /ostree/deploy/ can contain several complete system trees side-by-side, but only one will be in use at any one time.
Distributions using OSTree will typically use it to install and maintain a bootable base system. End-users can install additional packages using either traditional package managers or Flatpak or Snap depending on the distribution. OSTree itself is not aware of any individual packages, all it knows about is the entire file system tree it maintains in /ostree.
OSTree is used by endless OS, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Silverblue, CentOS and the GNOME continuous project.


text:
Theme III.a: Micromorphological characteristics of plant drugs (vegetal drugs, herbal drugs)
Histology is the microscopic study of plants and animals tissues. Tissues are groups of cells having the same function and working coordinately with each other.
The histology progress has been slow until the nineteenth century, in which the microscope began to acquire a form similar to the present and the microtome, an instrument that allows make very thin tissue sections, was invented by the Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkinje.
In 1907, American biologist Ross Granville Harrison discovered that living tissue could be grown, i.e. grow outside its original organ.
Histology was facilitated by the development in early twentieth century of the electron microscope and by the introduction in 1968 of the scanning electron microscope, as well as a large number of advances carried out on the design of microscopes in recent years.
The techniques of histochemistry and cytochemistry are closely related and have to do with the research of chemical activity taking place in cells and tissues.
For example, the presence of certain colors within the cells may indicate the type of chemical reaction that has taken place.
The histochemical methods are very useful in the study of enzymes, catalyst substances which control and lead many cellular activities.


text:
In alphabetical order, they were Chico Marx, Groucho Marx, Gummo Marx, Harpo Marx, and Zeppo Marx. Gummo appeared in their vaudeville act, but not in any Marx Brothers films.
In 1971, the Mariner 9 spacecraft arrived in orbit around Mars – to find it entirely engulfed in a planet-wide dust storm. The only features clearly visible were four dark spots (now known to correspond to the Tharsis volcanoes and Olympus Mons). Carl Sagan was so fascinated by these that his colleagues at Cornell University jokingly called them "Carl's Marks"; Sagan, in his turn, nicknamed the four spots Harpo, Groucho, Chico, and Zeppo.


text:
Comparative Study Of The Effect Of PEG And Crodamide On The Scratch Resistance Of PMMA
Free (open access)
169 - 181
M. Mansha, C. Gauthier, P. Gerard & R. Schirrer
Scratch durability of polymer surfaces and coatings is becoming crucial for the growing use of these materials in innovative applications, replacing former materials with more resistant surfaces. A variety of physico-chemical processes such as annealing and a range of ion plantation techniques have been proved very valuable for the renovation of polymeric surfaces but their applications are restricted to some certain polymers due to a number of disadvantages. In particular, several of them can not be applied to translucent polymers like PMMA due to their darkening outcome. Enhancement of the scratch resistance must be investigated for the most part as a consequence due to decreasing the friction coefficient. The recovery increases if the tip is smooth or if the local friction coefficient is low. Discovery of appropriate plasticizers for different polymers to decrease their surface friction is yet to be made in order to improve their scratch resistance. The effect of PEG and crodamide on both surface properties and bulk mechanical properties of PMMA was studied over a wide range of temperature (ranging from -40 to +85°C). Our experimental results show that a decrease in friction coefficient is possible by the introduction of appropriate plasticizer without having a significant effect on its bulk behaviour and this decrease in friction depends upon the nature and the content of plasticizer. Moreover, fatty acid amides have been proved more effective in decreasing friction than PEG. The friction decreases directly with the percentage of crodamide. The values of the rear contact angle and in-situ photographs during scratching confirm that the decrease in friction is associated with the decrease of yielding of the contact between the tip and the polymer surface. Keywords: scratch resistance, friction coefficient, polymer, PMMA, crodamide, PEG, bulk properties.
scratch resistance, friction coefficient, polymer, PMMA, crodamide, PEG, bulk properties


text:
What does BB mean in FBI Files?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand BB in the Governmental field in general and in the FBI Files terminology in particular.
Find a translation for BB in other languages:
Select another language:
What does BB mean?
- BB, BB shot(noun)
- a small pellet fired from an air rifle or BB gun


text:
- Special Sections
- Public Notices
Maintaining the proper pH and fertility in soil is important for higher crop yields. An important tool to assess fertility levels is to sample soil and have it tested. Kentucky is experiencing an unusually dry fall.
Soil samples taken during dry falls tend to result in soil pH and soil test K being unusually low. This results in recommendations that overestimate lime and K fertilizer that may be needed.
In January of 2010, the University of Kentucky soil test laboratories began a new test for soil pH to solve the problem occurring with soil samples taken in dry autumns.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Spencer Magnet, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
If you are new to the award winning Spencer Magnet and wish to get a subscription or simply gain access to our online content then please enter your ZIP code below and continue to setup your account.


)++")"
the +- sign is '?'. example:
f[1,2,3,4] = "1+(.5#.5)*(1+(.5#.5)*(1+(.5#.5)*(1+(.5#.5)*(0))))"
JavaScript (ES6), 56 51 bytes
Based on _USER_'s formula. @ stands for ±.
Your Answer


What will be printed as a result of the execution of the following program?
_TAG_
using namespace std;
struct A {
 A() { cout << "A"; }
 ~A() { cout << "~A"; }
 A(const A&) { cout << "=A"; }
int main()
 A a;
 throw a;
 catch(A &e)
 return 0;
The throw a; line will call the copy constructor to create a temporary copy of the a object, which will then be passed to the exception handler by reference. The a object created on the stack in the try block will be destroyed when exiting this block, so its destructor will be called. When exiting the catch block, the temporary copy of the object a will be destroyed, because it will no longer be referenced. That's why the ~A() destructor will be called at this moment.
Follow CodeGalaxy
Mobile Beta
Get it on Google Play
Send Feedback
Sign Up Now
or Subscribe for future quizzes


text:
Search Result for "offend":
1. cause to feel resentment or indignation;
- Example: "Her tactless remark offended me"
[syn: pique, offend]
2. act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises;
- Example: "offend all laws of humanity"
- Example: "violate the basic laws or human civilization"
- Example: "break a law"
- Example: "break a promise"
[syn: transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break]
3. strike with disgust or revulsion;
- Example: "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends"
[syn: shock, offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage]
4. hurt the feelings of;
- Example: "She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests"
- Example: "This remark really bruised my ego"
[syn: hurt, wound, injure, bruise, offend, spite]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Offend \Of*fend\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offended; p. pr. & vb. n. Offending.] [OF. offendre, L. offendere, offensum; ob (see Ob-) + fendere (in comp.) to thrust, dash. See Defend.] 1. To strike against; to attack; to assail. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney. [1913 Webster] 2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. [1913 Webster] A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. --Prov. xviii. 19. [1913 Webster] 3. To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; as, strong light offends the eye; to offend the conscience. [1913 Webster] 4. To transgress; to violate; to sin against. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Marry, sir, he hath offended the law. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 5. (Script.) To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Who hath you misboden or offended. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. --Matt. v. 29, 3O. [1913 Webster] Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. --Ps. cxix. 165. [1913 Webster]The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Offend \Of*fend"\, v. i. 1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to stumble; to sin. [1913 Webster] Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. --James ii. 10. [1913 Webster] If it be a sin to covet honor, I am the most offending soul alive. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease. [1913 Webster] I shall offend, either to detain or give it. --Shak. [1913 Webster] To offend against, to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense against. "We have offended against the Lord already." --2 Chron. xxviii. 13. [1913 Webster]Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:
94 Moby Thesaurus words for "offend": affront, aggrieve, anger, annoy, appall, blemish, blot, breach, break, call names, chagrin, commit sin, contravene, deface, disfigure, disgruntle, disgust, dishonor, disoblige, displease, distress, disturb, do amiss, do wrong, dump on, dysphemize, embarrass, err, exasperate, excite, fleer at, flout, fret, gall, gibe at, give offense, give offense to, give umbrage, grieve, gross out, horrify, humiliate, hurl a brickbat, hurt, hurt the feelings, infract, infringe, insult, irritate, jeer at, jibe at, look a fright, look a mess, look bad, look like hell, look something terrible, mar, miff, mock, nauseate, needle, nettle, offend the eye, outrage, pain, pique, provoke, put down, put off, rankle, rattle, repel, repulse, revolt, rile, ruffle, scandalize, scoff at, shock, sicken, sin, slight, snub, spoil, sting, taunt, transgress, treat with indignity, trespass, turn the stomach, uglify, upset, vex, wound


Top Ranking Institutions
Institute Name Overall Rating
Academic Excellence
Teacher Competency
Student's Development
School Reputation
Sports and Extracurricular Activities
Pedagogical Performance
Value for Money
How do we calculate ratings?
Our ratings are calculated using a series of steps to ensure statistical data and useful guidance in the educational institute choice experience. In general, the process used to calculate each rating was as follows:
First, we carefully selected each rating's factors to represent a healthy balance between statistical data and practical relevance in the rating.
Next, we evaluated the data for each factor to ensure that it provided value for the rating. (The parameters needed to help distinguish educational institute from each other and accurately represent each educational institute.) Because there are different factor types, we processed them differently.
Parameters built from user data and student/parent-submitted feedback on various social media, information available on public sites, personal visits of our team members, information received from educational institute.
Parameters built from factual information were inspected for bad data including outliers or inaccurate values. Where applicable, this data was either adjusted or completely excluded depending on the specific data.
After each parameter was processed, we produced a standardized score for each parameter at each educational institute. This score evaluated distance from the average using sub-parameters and allows each educational institute's score to be compared against others in a statistically sound manner.
After assigning weights, an overall score was calculated for each educational institute by applying the assigned weights to each educational institute's individual parameter scores. This overall score was then assigned a new standardized score. This was the final score for each rating.
Educational institute missing the data for 50 percent or more of the parameters (by weight) were completely excluded. They did not qualify for rating.
Educational institute that had given consent for rating was included for educational institute rating process.
Rating is assigned on each main parameter based on the evaluation of sub-parameters. Weight of each sub-parameter are assigned as per importance for quality of education.
Ratings Overall score
A+++ >90%
A++ >80%
A+ >70%
A >60%
B+ >50%
B >40%
How do we calculate ratings?
Comparing schools is more important than ranking schools should begin to make sense. Comparing the class size from one school to another, for example, is useful especially if plenty of individual attention is something you want in a school. Comparing tuition is important for most of us as it impacts how much financial aid we need to ask for. Indeed, comparing financial aid packages from one school to another could determine final choice if everything else fits. The uniqueness of each school, the way each school fits with your needs and requirements, and how each one compares with the others are three reasons why ranking schools doesn't matter when it comes to choosing the best private school for child. A school which enjoys a good reputation will be high on every parent's list. But that doesn't necessarily mean that it is the best school for your child.
Parents looking for private schools ask these questions all the time. The pictures and the descriptions are appealing but how accurate are they? Only a visit and close inspection of each property will answer those questions and confirm or negate initial assessment. It's the same sort of process with choosing a private school. Schools provide India's rapidly growing demand for quality education. Tech Observer and Think Unique Infomedia School Rating aims to help schools achieve higher degrees of academic excellence, establish the right profile of institutes and showcase an institute's quality to students, faculty and edu-stakeholder across India. This will also ensure the parents for informed decision for selection of school.
What makes our School Ratings Unique?
School provides right environment for child educational success as well as teach number of skills like teamwork, discipline, manners, etiquette and many more that help to become a good person. Schools provide a structure setting where children learn rules and regulations that help to achieve success in future. School is temple of education. Every parent wants quality education for their children and majority of them expect the quality of education at affordable prices. The parents are now more concerned about overall development of child so demand of branded school is increasing in urban and semi-urban area. Keeping in mind all basic requirement of today's parent our team has evaluated the rating of school. During our analysis we found that schools in various locations are doing equally good so parents can opt any of these school as per their convenience for location and affordability. Discipline and academic excellence is utmost priority of parents.
Keeping in mind all aspects we have decided to go for school rating instead of school ranking. Due to increased competition school management is now focusing on making difference in teaching method, use of digital learning, more focus in extra-curricular activities, practical based learning and overall development of child. Our ratings strive to reflect the entire school experience, including academics, teachers, diversity, student life, and student outcomes. We also believe that each school is so much more than just one ranking number. That's why we have in-depth profiles on each school and also assess them across a number of factors to produce grade for each school.


text:
Carsey Institute: Reading Levels of Rural and Urban Third-Graders Lag Behind Suburban Peers
By Lori Wright, Media Relations
May 11, 2011
The reading levels of rural and urban third-graders lag behind the reading levels of their suburban peers, the consequences of which can have important effects on later educational outcomes, according to new research from the Carsey Institute at UNH.
"To some extent, the differences in average reading achievement for rural, urban, and suburban third-graders reflect average achievement differences at the start of kindergarten. In addition, the average reading gains from kindergarten through Grade 3 for rural and urban children are lower than the gains for suburban children," said Suzanne Graham, associate professor of education.
Conducted by Graham and Christine Teague, a doctoral student in the UNH Department of Education, the research relies on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, a multiyear study of a nationally representative sample of more than 22,000 children between 1998 and 2006. Children were surveyed two times during kindergarten, then in the spring of Grades 1, 3, 5, and 8. Teachers, parents, and school administrators also were surveyed. The data sample used for the brief consists of the 8,405 public school students for whom information was available on K-3 reading achievement, school location, family socioeconomic status, child race or ethnicity, and gender.
The key findings show:
- Rural and urban third-graders have lower average reading achievement levels than their suburban peers.
- Suburban children realize greater gains in reading achievement from kindergarten to third grade than their suburban or urban counterparts.
- Third-grade reading achievement gaps between rural, urban, and suburban children are associated with socioeconomic background differences.
- Rural students who were struggling readers at the beginning of kindergarten have lower average reading achievement in third grade than both urban and suburban students when children of the same socioeconomic status are compared.
- There are no average achievement differences by location for third-graders who were high achievers at the start of kindergarten.
- Only 27 percent of teachers in rural schools report active professional development programs in their schools, compared with 40 percent of teachers in suburban and urban schools.
"Reading achievement represents a complex interplay of family, school, and community factors. The differences in reading achievement at the start of kindergarten may reflect differences in preschool attendance among rural students. In addition, parents of rural children tend to have less education than urban and suburban parents," Graham said.
"The differences in third-grade reading achievement between rural and nonrural children who were low achievers in kindergarten most likely reflect different educational opportunities and school resources available to these children," she said.
The complete report about this research is available at _URL_
The Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire conducts research and analysis on the challenges facing families and communities in New Hampshire, New England, and the nation. The Carsey Institute sponsors independent, interdisciplinary research that documents trends and conditions affecting families and communities, providing valuable information and analysis to policymakers, practitioners, the media, and the general public. Through this work, the Carsey Institute contributes to public dialogue on policies that encourage social mobility and sustain healthy, equitable communities.
The Carsey Institute was established in May 2002 through a generous gift from UNH alumna and noted television producer Marcy Carsey. For more information about the Carsey Institute, go to _URL_.


text:
ISBN : 9780878935161
Stephen W. Kuffler was the most dominant figure in experimental neuroscience in the 1960s and '70s. The lessons he taught by example about how to do research and how to interact with one's students and colleagues transcend specific disciplines and are timeless. This volume consists of letters by Steve's former students and colleagues and a biography by the noted biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz. Altogether, they demonstrate the views, achievements, and versatility of this extraordinary scientist, teacher, and friend.
Can Mr. Kuffler Come Out To Play?
The Pied Piper
After the End
Stephen William Kuffler (By Sir Bernard Katz)


text:
Hi guys, i need help with this problem that i seriously have no idea with.
with t=0 representing the year 1990.
1. What is the population of elk in the year 2004
2. Determine the years between 1990 and 2020 in which the elk population is at its maximum
3 Explain the period of the function in context of the problem
4 Graph the function showing the elk population from 1990 to 2020. identify the points on the graph you determined in parts 1 and 2.


text:
Women and Retirement : Challenges of a New Life Stage
148 p. 25 cm
This is the first book of its kind to examine women's retirement within a lifespan perspective. Besed on the authors' extensive research study with 1000 retired Australian women, the book presents models of various retirement trajectories and compares women's experiences with the more widely researched retirement experiences of men.
In the last century, changes to the nature and patterns of women's working lives have been vast. Notably, the huge increase in women's participation in the paid workforce means that today women are retiring in unprecedented numbers. How do they cope with this lifestyle transition? What major difficulties do they face? How do they process the problems associated with managing this transition in fulfilling ways while juggling family, financial, friendship, ageing and health issues? To date, most retirement studies have focused on men, and therefore gender-specific issues relating to post-work life, such as the pay gap, the double shift, women's longer lifespans and their traditional roles as carers and social nurturers, have been afforded far less attention. Women and Retirement: Challenges of a New Life Stage is the first book of its kind to examine women's retirement using a lifespan perspective. Based on the authors' extensive study of over 1,000 retired Australian women as well as current research, the book presents models of various retirement trajectories and compares women's experiences with the more widely researched retirement experiences of men. Moore and Rosenthal consider the nature of the transition from full-time work to retirement and the many different pathways and factors influencing this journey: women's financial status in the retirement years; their health changes; and the varied activity patterns they adopt. Women and Retirement is a comprehensive, up-to-date and evidence-based review of the female retirement experience. It will be invaluable for courses on ageing and health within psychology, women's studies, social work and sociology, and for use by practitioners in these fields.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments 1. RETIREMENT THEN AND NOW 2. WOMEN AT WORK 3. FINANCIAL SECURITY IN RETIREMENT 4. PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING 5. THE PSYCHOSOCIAL JOURNEY: FROM WORKER TO RETIREE 6. RETIREMENT AND HEALTH 7. WHAT NEXT? 8. ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE References Index


Are Peace of Mind and Happiness the Same?
Question: Are Peace of Mind and Happiness the Same?
I am not clear about a thing. In Krishna Consciousness are happiness and peace of mind the same thing? Or are they different?
Answer: Similar But Different
They are almost the same, but they are slightly different as explained in the Bhagavad-gita:
nāsti buddhir ayuktasya
na cāyuktasya bhāvanā
na cābhāvayataḥ śāntir
aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham
--Bhagavad-gita 2.66
In other words, a peaceful state of mind is a prerequisite of happiness. It is required that one have a peaceful mind in order to be happy.
No comments:


Work calendar
The fields "Time in status", "Timer" and "Stopwatch", as well as JQL functions are able to count the time according to working calendars. Calendars take into account working hours and user time zone. That allows you to coordinate the time between users from different regions.
For example, the timers and stopwatches will display the dates of the continuation of work, taking into account the user's working calendar and timezone.
 1. Open application "Stopwatch field":
 - Open from "Manage your app":
 - Or from "Apps" menu::
 2. Open "Calendars" and click "Create":
 3. Enter the data in the calendar settings fields.
 1. You can specify an arbitrary time. Set in time field "21:35" (example). Click on time field and start typing "time" as "7:00" or "19:30".
 2. then click "Create"
 4. Time zones - Calendar time calculations occur in the specified time zone. However, displays take into account the user's time zone.
 5. If the data are not correct, an error will appear when saving.
 6. Adding Breaks. To add breaks during working hours, do the following.
 1. Create a break at "Add break time intervals". Set start and end times and click "Add".
 2. When there are breaks in the calendar for selection, then the working day has a field for selecting breaks.
 3. Then you can set default calendar breaks. The default break time can be selected in the working day.
 4. Set up work breaks for work days. Choose a default break or set one or more time intervals. Intervals must not overlap.
 7. Start date time - All calculations will be carried out from this date. The time before this date is considered non-working. For example: project start date.
Feature Difference (Server/Data Center and Cloud)
Timer - How to create field?
JiBrok message field Message field
JiBrok time in status Time in status | SLA | Timer | Stopwatch
Work calendars
Time in status
Timers and Stopwatches
Additional functions
Issue panels
Field Helpers
Other fields
Reference information
JiBrok time in status Time in status (Cloud)
Work calendars
Time in status fields
Issue panels
Service tools
Reference information
JiBrok Calculated fields Calculated fields (JBCF)
JiBrok Calculated fields Calculated fields (JBCF) for Cloud
JBCF fields
Service tools
JiBrok Timer Timer for Cloud
Work calendars
Timer fields
Service tools
JiBrok Stopwatch Stopwatch for Cloud
Work calendars
Stopwatch fields
Service tools


In this groundbreaking book, world-renowned psychiatrist and researcher Gene D. Cohen takes us to the wellspring of genuine human vitality, the unique creative power generated by age and experience, and shows us how to tap this inner source to enrich, even transform our lives through middle age and beyond. A pioneering physician and respected international authority on aging and creativity, Dr. Cohen weaves history, scientific research, inspiring true-life stories, and his own fresh insights to journey into the previously uncharted territory of human potential in the "second half" of life.
Access resource


text:
New streetlamps could improve your view of the stars.
A new paper published in the journal Optics Express describes a system for focusing light from streetlamps directly on the area required, with almost no light leakage horizontally or vertically. Conventional street lamps scatter up to 20% of their energy away from where it is required, not only wasting power but also leading to light pollution which obscures your view of the night sky.
The proposed LED lamp uses a lens to limit where the light is projected, with a reflecting cavity to recyle light that would otherwise be wasted. The team thinks the system would use between 10 to 50% less power to illuminate a section of road than current LED streetlamps, which are already more efficient than regular lamps.
A prototype is being developed and is hoped to be completed this October.
This sounds awesome.
(Source: BBC, via jinxvagina)


text:
Black mamba venom holds promise for pain relief
Scientists have used the venom of Africa's lethal black mamba snake to produce a surprising outcome in mice which they hope to replicate in humans - effective pain relief without toxic side-effects.
French researchers wrote in the journal Nature that peptides isolated from black mamba venom may be a safer pain killer than morphine.
In mice at least, the peptides bypass the receptors in the brain that are targeted by morphine and other opioid compounds which sometimes cause side-effects like breathing difficulties or nausea.
Nor do the peptides pose the same risk of addiction or drug abuse.
"We have identified new natural peptides, mambalgins, from the venom of the snake black mamba that are able to significantly reduce pain in mice without toxic effect," study co-author Anne Baron said.
"It is remarkable that this was made possible from the deadly venom of one of the most venomous snakes.
"[It] is surprising that mambalgins, which represent less than 0.5 per cent of the total venom protein content, has analgesic (pain-relief) properties without neurotoxicity in mice, whereas the total venom of black mamba is lethal and among the most neurotoxic ones."
Morphine is often regarded as the best drug to relieve severe pain and suffering, but it has several side-effects and can be habit-forming.
The black mamba's venom is among the fastest acting of any snake species, and a bite will be fatal if not treated with anti-venom - the poison attacking the central nervous system and causing respiratory paralysis.
Mice are among the agile adder's favourite prey in the wild in eastern and southern Africa.
Ms Baron, who works for France's national research institute, said researchers were confident the peptides would also work in humans "and are very interesting candidates as painkillers", but much work remains to be done.
She said a patent has been issued and a pharmaceutical company is examining the possibilities.


Creating a cloud-like bare metal experience in the data centre
Watch the webinar
For organisations looking to turn the management of bare-metal server resources into a cloud-like environment, hardware testing is a must-do. Not only does it lead to optimal hardware utilisation, it also reduces the cost of operations and increases developer productivity.
Optimised testing also eases the hardware validation process by providing a framework that allows large-scale, automated testing of hardware with minimum effort to ensure that the physical infrastructure is ready to serve production workloads. Welcome to metal-as-a-service (MAAS).
In this whitepaper, you will learn how MAAS provides a flexible and straightforward framework for administrators to test their hardware:
 - What MAAS frameworks allow users to do
 - How MAAS installs dependencies, and tracks progress and results
 - The types of tests MAAS provides in relation to storage, CPU, memory and others
 - How MAAS tests servers at scale
Go to the top of the page


text:
In the intricate world of corporate environments, office ranking plays a pivotal role in shaping the professional landscape. Whether you're just starting your career or have climbed the ranks, understanding the dynamics of office ranking is crucial for success. This article delves into the various aspects of office hierarchy, the factors influencing ranking, and how individuals can navigate this complex terrain.
Office ranking typically follows 강남오피 a hierarchical structure, with employees organized into different levels based on their roles, responsibilities, and seniority. This structure helps establish clear lines of authority, accountability, and communication. Common designations include entry-level positions, mid-level management, and executive leadership roles. The hierarchy is often depicted as an organizational chart, illustrating the reporting relationships and chains of command within the company.
Factors Influencing Office Ranking:
- Experience and Expertise:
- Seasoned professionals often find themselves in higher-ranking positions due to their wealth of experience and expertise.
- Specialized skills and knowledge in a particular field can contribute significantly to climbing the corporate ladder.
- Performance and Achievements:
- Consistent high performance and notable achievements distinguish individuals and contribute to their upward mobility.
- Companies often reward employees who exceed expectations with promotions and increased responsibilities.
- Education and Qualifications:
- Educational background and qualifications, such as degrees and certifications, can be key factors in determining office ranking.
- Some roles may require specific educational credentials for progression.
- Leadership and Management Skills:
- Individuals who demonstrate strong leadership and management skills are often earmarked for higher-ranking positions.
- The ability to inspire and guide teams can significantly impact one's standing within the organization.
- Networking and Relationship Building:
- Building strong professional networks and relationships within the organization can open doors to new opportunities.
- A positive rapport with colleagues, superiors, and subordinates can enhance an individual's standing in the office hierarchy.
Navigating the Corporate Ladder:
- Set Clear Goals:
- Define your career objectives and set achievable goals to guide your professional development.
- Continuous Learning:
- Stay updated with industry trends and invest in ongoing education to enhance your skills.
- Performance Excellence:
- Consistently deliver high-quality work and strive to exceed expectations in your current role.
- Effective Communication:
- Develop strong communication skills to convey ideas, collaborate with team members, and present yourself as a confident professional.
- Seek Mentorship:
- Find mentors within the organization who can provide guidance, support, and valuable insights into career progression.
- Embrace change and be adaptable to evolving work environments and responsibilities.
Office ranking is a multifaceted aspect of professional life that requires a combination of skills, experience, and strategic planning. By understanding the factors influencing office hierarchy and employing effective strategies, individuals can navigate the corporate ladder with confidence and achieve their career aspirations. Ultimately, a proactive and goal-oriented approach will contribute to personal growth and success


What Is the Plant the Giant Knotweed?
Giant knotweed, scientific name Polygonum sachalinensis, is an introduced invasive species to North America and Europe that is quickly causing ecological and economical damage. Not only does it spread quickly, its destructive capabilities often render the soil unfit for construction until the plant has been totally eradicated. This rapid growth rate has also lead to knotweed being considered a candidate for future biofuel generation.
Giant knotweed is a bamboo-like shrub with canes that grow up to 12 feet tall with roundish heart-shaped leaves about 1 foot long. The canes are up to 2 inches in diameter and are separated into nodes similar to bamboo. It forms large clumps that send out underground rhizomes up to 25 feet that sprout more canes. The small flowers arise sparsely in clumps around the nodes on the stem and are a greenish yellow-white color.
Giant knotweed is native to eastern Asia where it thrives in rich moist soil. In other parts of the world where it has been introduced by the ornamental plant trade, it grows in many different types of soils and prefers moist low areas and stream banks. It survives cold winter areas by dying back to the ground level and resprouting as the temperature warms. It requires at least 120 days a year above freezing to survive.
Giant knotweed will reproduce by seed, and the flowers are self-fertile. It will hybridize with the closely related Japanese knotweed, creating Bohemian knotweed, which is very common in the United States. The primary method of reproduction is by division or cuttings. A small piece of cane or root less than an inch long is enough to sprout a new plant, making it difficult or impossible to eradicate.
Because of its growth habit of spreading by runners and its rapid growth rate, knotweed can quickly take over a riverbank or moist area, choking off all of the native plant life and the animal life that depends on those plants. The roots invade underground sewer lines, water lines and foundations. Canes can grow through asphalt so often every single piece of the plant needs to be removed to lay a road or parking lot.
Many different eradication methods have been tried. Giant knotweed will respond to sprayed-on herbicides, but they are not always practical around aquatic settings, where it tends to colonize. Mowing or manual removal is the most effective, but every piece of the plant needs to be removed and destroyed. It can not be composted. After three years of cutting all the new shoots down twice a month, the rootstock may die off, depleted it of energy reserves. Recent trials of injecting concentrated systemic herbicide directly into the base of a growing cane has led to some success, but it is very labor intensive.
Keywords: Japanese knotweed, invasive species, Bohemian knotweed
About this Author


text:
No worries is an Australian English expression, meaning "do not worry about that", "that's alright", or "sure thing". It is similar to the English no problem. The phrase is widely used in Australian speech and represents a feeling of friendliness, good humour, optimism and "mateship" in Australian culture. The phrase has been referred to as the national motto of Australia.
The phrase has influenced a similar phrase used in the Tok Pisin language in Papua New Guinea. No worries utilization migrated to New Zealand after origination in Australia. Its usage became more pervasive to British English after increased usage in Australian soap operas that aired on television in the United Kingdom. Linguistics experts are uncertain how the phrase became utilized in American English; theories include use by Steve Irwin on the television program The Crocodile Hunter and usage by the United States media during the 2000 Sydney Olympics. It has also gained usage in Canadian English.
"No worries" is an Australian English expression, meaning "do not worry about that", or "that's all right". It can also mean "sure thing" and "you're welcome". Other colloquial Australian terms which mean the same thing include "she'll be right". The expression has been compared to the American English equivalent "no problem". In their book Australian Language & Culture: No Worries!, authors Vanessa Battersby, Paul Smitz and Barry Blake note: "No worries is a popular Australian response akin to 'no problems', 'that's OK' or'sure thing'."
Cultural origins
Early documentation dates the phrase back to 1966. According to author of When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures, Richard D. Lewis, the phrase is a form of expression of the laissez-faire attitude in Australian culture. Anna Wierzbicka comments that the expression illustrates important parts of Australian culture, including: "amiability, friendliness, an expectation of shared attitudes (a proneness to easy'mateship'), jocular toughness, good humour, and, above all, casual optimism". She concludes that along with "good on you", the expressions reflect the "national character" and "prevailing ethos" of Australia. Though initially utilized in Australia, the phrase migrated to New Zealand as well.
Wierzbicka writes in her book Cross-cultural Pragmatics that the expression "permeates Australian speech", "serves a wide range of illocutionary forces" and displays a "casual optimism". In her 1992 book Semantics, Culture, and Cognition, Wierzbicka classifies the phrase as "among the most characteristic Australian expressions", along with "good on you".
The term can also be used in the context of an apology. The phrase "no wucking furries" has the same meaning in Australia; as a spoonerism of "no fucking worries", and is contracted to the phrases "no wuckers" and "no wucks". The phrase has been used widely in British English since the late 1980s, a development partly attributed to the success of Australian soap operas like Neighbours in the United Kingdom.
"No worries" was referred to as "the national motto" of Australia in 1978, and in their 2006 work, Diving the World, Beth and Shaun Tierney call "no worries, mate" the national motto of the country. Writing in The New York Times Book Review, Annette Kobak calls the expression a "ritual incantation" which has "particular charm". The phrase "no waris" in the Papua New Guinea language Tok Pisin is derived from the Australian English term.
According to The Sunday Mail a 2004 newspaper report notes that "no worries" has begun to be used in American English. Writing in a 2004 article for The Advertiser, Samela Harris comments: "The Americans have no idea of the etymology of 'no worries'. So, while they may cheerily adopt our 'no worries' mantra, 'no worries' will never catch on as an attitude." According to Tom Dalzell, author of two books on slang usage in the United States, linguistics experts are not certain how the expression became popular in that country. Usage of the term by Steve Irwin on The Crocodile Hunter, as well as attempts by members of the American press to imitate the expression during the 2000 Sydney Olympics, have been put forth as theories explaining the pervasiveness of the expression in the United States. Linguistics professor Kate Burridge writes in her 2004 book Weeds In the Garden Of Words that expressions including "no worries", "absolutely", and "bottom line" have become less prevalent in favor of newer sayings. The phrase has had some usage in Canadian English.
See also
- Australian English vocabulary
- Don't worry
- Hakuna matata
- Macquarie Dictionary
- No problem
- She'll be right
- Sure thing
- Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2006, p. 1390
- Stuart-Hamilton 2007, p. 161
- Angelo & Butler 1998, p. 22
- Tierney & Tierney 2006, p. 32
- Nolan & Hinkelman 1996, p. 274
- Morrison, Conaway & Borden 1994, p. 9
- Battersby, Smitz & Blake 2007, p. 33
- Hoffmann 2009, p. 120
- Lewis 2005, p. 209
- Wierzbicka 1992, p. 388
- Moon 1998, p. 271
- Cryer 2006, p. 139
- Hoffmann 2009, pp. 119–121
- Wierzbicka 1991, p. 56
- Bowe & Martin 2007, p. 56
- Goddard 2006, p. 72
- "No worries infiltrates British English". National Nine News (news.ninemsn.com.au). Archived from the original on 11 Jul 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- New York Times staff 2001, p. 1499
- Romaine 1991, p. 148
- Biber & Finegan 1994, p. 63
- Whiting, Frances (25 July 2004). "It's, like, out of control". The Sunday Mail. p. 018.
- Harris, Samela (20 May 2004). "No worries, mate, she'll be right, and have a nice day". The Advertiser. p. 020.
- McKenna, Michael (22 January 2003). "Crikey, strine takes over". The Courier-Mail (Queensland Newspapers). p. 3.
- McGarry, Helen (12 September 2004). "Language – Books Extra". The Sun Herald. p. 72.
- Molloy, Matt (10 September 2009). "No medals, no worries". The Beacon (_URL_). Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- Keller, Mike; Gregg Keizer (18 February 2009). "No WiFi? No worries – transform your iPhone into a wireless modem". itbusiness.ca (ITworldcanada.com). Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- Angelo, Denise; Butler, Sue (1998), Australian Phrasebook: Language Survival Kit, Lonely Planet, p. 22, ISBN 0-86442-576-7
- Battersby, Vanessa; Smitz, Paul; Blake, Barry (2007), Australian Language & Culture: No Worries!, Lonely Planet, p. 33, ISBN 1-74059-099-6
- Biber, Douglas; Finegan, Edward (1994), Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register, Oxford University Press US, p. 63, ISBN 0-19-508364-4
- Bowe, Heather Joan; Martin, Kylie (2007), Communication Across Cultures: Mutual Understanding in a Global World, Cambridge University Press, p. 56, ISBN 0-521-69557-0
- Cryer, Max (2006), The Godzone Dictionary: Of Favourite New Zealand Words and Phrases, Titirangi, Auckland, New Zealand: Exisle Publishing Limited, ISBN _PHONE_
- Goddard, Cliff (2006), Ethnopragmatics: Understanding Discourse in Cultural Context, Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-018874-0
- Hoffmann, Thomas; Lucia Siebers (2009), World Englishes – Problems, Properties and Prospects, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 119–121, ISBN _PHONE_
- Lewis, Richard D. (2005), When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, p. 209, ISBN 1-904838-02-2
- New York Times staff (2001), The New York Times Book Reviews 2000, Taylor & Francis, p. 1499, ISBN 1-57958-058-0
- Moon, Rosamund (1998), Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English: A Corpus-Based Approach, Oxford University Press, p. 271, ISBN 978-0-19-823614-6
- Morrison, Terri; Conaway, Wayne A.; B


text:
What is suitable work?
Suitable work must:
- be within the worker's functional abilities;
- be safe and not put the worker or co-workers at risk, or hinder recovery;
- restore pre-injury earnings, where possible; and
- be meaningful and promote the worker's recovery. This means that the work should serve a purpose or valuable function to the organization. Is it something that the employer would pay someone to perform?
Suitable work may involve changes to:
- Job tasks or duties – includes alternate duties that are not normally performed by the worker, differing methods to complete job duties, organizing the job tasks, etc.
- Workload – hours of work or work schedule.
- Equipment – modified equipment or new equipment purchased to assist in the completion of job duties.
- Environment – includes the work area and may include set-up, lighting, climate, etc.
How do I identify suitable modified work?
When identifying suitable modified work, always start with the worker's original job position and ask the following questions:
If you need assistance in identifying suitable modified work, please contact the WSCC.


text:
August 20, 2012
- coddle (verb)
- What does it mean?
- : to treat with extreme care : pamper
- How do you use it?
- "Big Ma was not one for coddling any of us, but now she turned from the stove and, wiping her hands on her long white apron, sat down on the bench and put her arm around Little Man." (Mildred D. Taylor, _Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry_)
- Are you a word wiz?
The "pamper" sense of "coddle" comes from an earlier meaning that had to do with a special kind of careful treatment given to something delicate. What do you think was treated so carefully?We're not going to coddle you, just tell you that A is the right answer. When "coddle" first came to be part of the English language around 1600, the word meant to cook something slowly and gently in water that is just below the boiling point. Usually eggs are what's being cooked when "coddle" is used in this sense today, but when "coddle" was first being used, other foods, especially fruit, were also cooked by coddling. Because coddling is a very gentle way to cook something, such gentle treatment led to the extended meaning of "to treat with extreme care, pamper."


text:
The LinkURL parameter specifies a URL link to be associated with a stamp. You need to include the LinkURL parameter in the stamp file for text stamps. Example below:
Note: If you wish to apply a LinkURL to a JPEG or TIFF image, you must create two stamp items in your stamp file. The first stamp item must be the image and the second stamp item must be the LinkURL you wish to stamp on the image.


text:
Cape Sable seaside sparrow: Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
Genus/Species: Ammodramus maritimus
Subspecies: Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
Common Name: Cape Sable seaside sparrow
Federal Status: Endangered
FL Status: Federally-designated Endangered
FNAI Ranks: G4T1/S1 (Globally: Apparently Secure, Sub sp. Critically Imperiled/ State: Critically Imperiled)
IUCN Status: Not ranked
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a secretive bird that is usually heard before they are seen. This species can reach a body length of five inches (12.7 centimeters) with a wingspan of 5.1-7.9 inches (18-20 centimeters) (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, n.d.). This seaside sparrow has a dark olive-gray colored back, a light gray side with dark olive streaks, and small patches of yellow feathers in front of their eyes and at the bend of their wings.
The diet of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow primarily consists of spiders, beetles, caterpillars, grasshoppers, grass, and sedge seeds.
Nesting occurs from February to August, with most nesting activity happening from April to May. The length and timing of nesting depends on flooding, as nesting will be delayed or terminated if flood waters become too high. Cape Sable seaside sparrows build their nests in clumps of grass that are around six inches (15.2 centimeters) off of the ground. Females lay between three to four eggs per clutch, with two to three nests attempted every year. The rate of nesting success is 40-75%. Eggs are incubated by the female for 12 days. Fledging occurs at 9-11 days olds.
Habitat and Distribution
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow inhabits areas that are periodically burned and flooded. These areas include flooded inland prairies of cordgrass (Spartina), muhly grass (Muhlenbergia filipes), and short sawgrass (Cladium). The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is sometimes known as the "Goldilocks bird" as conditions have to be just right to survive. Cape Sable seaside sparrows can be found only in Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve in Dade and Monroe counties, as they are the only bird restricted to the Everglades' ecosystem. This species has not been seen in Cape Sable, Florida since the 1970's.
Historically, habitat destruction and conversion to agricultural land has been the major threat to the species (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2003). Presently the degradation of habitat is a considerable threat to the Cape Sable seaside sparrow population (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 2001). Improper water regimes in the Everglades can cause delays and even the termination of nesting. Three or more years of low breeding rates can cause critical declines in the Cape Sable seaside sparrow's population, as its lifespan is only around four years. Encroachment of hardwoods and the removal of dead plants can reduce the suitability of the habitat for breeding. Prescribed fire is the usual method to prevent this; however, fire can kill adults, their young, and eggs (National Park Service, n.d.). The population of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow is restricted to South Florida, which makes the species vulnerable to natural catastrophes. South Florida is vulnerable to direct hits from hurricanes, which could significantly reduce the species' population.
Conservation and Management
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is protected as an Endangered species by the Federal Endangered Species Act and as a Federally-designated Endangered species by Florida's Endangered and Threatened Species Rule.
Federal Recovery Plan
Other Informative Links
Florida Natural Areas Inventory
FWC Species Profile
National Park Service
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
U.S. Geological Survey
Printable version of this page
Florida Natural Areas Inventory. 2001. Field guide to the rare animals of Florida. _URL_
National Park Service. (n.d.). Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow: In Depth. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from Everglades National Park: _URL_
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (n.d.). Seaside Sparrow. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from All About Birds: _URL_
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2003, October 8). Cape Sable seaside sparrow. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from Species Conservation Guidelines South Florida: _URL_ elines.pdf
Image Credit Photo by FWC


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am attempting to compute the (integral) cohomology ring structure of the 3 configuration space of $\mathbb{R}^m$ and have run into a few doubts.
Using a result of Fadell and Neuwirth, we have that conf($\mathbb{R}^m$, 3) is the total space of the fibration:
p: conf($\mathbb{R}^m$, 3) $\rightarrow$ conf($\mathbb{R}^m$, 2) given by the obvious map onto the first 2 factors with fibre homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^m - Q$ where $Q$ is two points.
Since $\mathbb{R}^m - Q $ is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of two $m-1$ spheres, it has cohomology groups $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}\bigoplus \mathbb{Z}$ in dimensions $0$ and $m-1$ respectfully (Mayer-Vietoris).
Similarly conf($\mathbb{R}^m$, 2) is homotopy equivalent to $S^{m-1}$ where a map is $(x,y) \rightarrow \frac{(x-y)}{|x-y]}$. Assuming trival local coefficients (where the only problem could arise when $m=2$ since otherwise the base is simply connected) we can apply the Serre spectral sequence with $E_2^{p,q} = H^p(S^{m-1}, H^q(\vee_2 S^{m-1} )) $.
An application of the UCT (since everything is free) gives that $E_2^{p,q} = H^p(S^{m-1}) \otimes H^q(\vee_2 S^{m-1} ) $
We then have that $E_2 = E_{\infty}$ since we only have cohomology in degree $0$ and $m-1$ for the base and fibre and hence there can be no non-trivial differentials.
This leads me to a few questions.
 1. In general the $E_{\infty}$ product structure doesn't determine the product structure on the total space (see for example p 29 SSAT ) but things work out in this instance since everything is a free $\mathbb{Z}$ module and of finite type? What is a necessary and sufficient condition on the $E_{\infty}$ page structure to guarantee that the product structures coincide?
 2. I know that $H^*(S^{m-1}) = \mathbb{Z}[a_1]/(a_1^2)$ where $|a_1| = m-1$ and that $H^*(S^{m-1} \vee S^{m-1}) = \mathbb{Z}[a_2]/(a_2^2) \times \mathbb{Z}[a_3]/(a_3^2)$ where $|a_2|=|a_3| = m-1$.
 Does this simply imply that $H^*($conf($\mathbb{R}^m$, 3) ) $\simeq \mathbb{Z}[a_1]/(a_1^2)$ $\otimes \mathbb{Z}[a_2]/(a_2^2) \times \mathbb{Z}[a_3]/(a_3^2)\simeq \mathbb{Z}[a_1,a_2,a_3]/(a_1^2=a_2^2=a_3^2)$? Am I missing something?
share|improve this question
try mathoverflow. – john mangual Sep 15 '11 at 4:43
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
A couple of comments.
First, Juan S is correct in assessing the final state of the Serre spectral sequence.
Second, with regard to your point (1) the cohomology ring structure is, in this case, not determined by the multiplication on the $E_\infty$ term, even though everything is of finite type over $\mathbb{Z}$. Specifically, you have the two classes $\alpha, \beta \in (0,m-1)$, and in the spectral sequence you have that $\alpha \cup \beta = 0$ because it lands in the zero group. However, this only guarantees that the product is zero "up to filtration." You have the possibility that $\alpha \cup \beta$ becomes some linear combination of $\alpha \cup \gamma$ and $\beta \cup\gamma$ in the actual cohomology ring.
One of the biggest red flags that this actually happens is that the relations you're getting don't look symmetric. The action of the symmetric group on this configuration space permutes $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$, and so you can't have $\alpha \beta = 0$ when neither of $\alpha \gamma$ and $\beta \gamma$ are.
Along this line, the cohomology ring is of strictly smaller rank than the candidate that you list in item (2).
One way to get the actual cohomology ring is as follows. There is a map $$conf(\mathbb{R}^m,3) \to conf(\mathbb{R}^m,2)^3 \simeq (S^{m-1})^3$$ that sends $(x,y,z)$ to $((y,z), (x,z), (x,y))$. This is a map of bundles and respects the action of the symmetric group; over any point $(x,y)$, it is homotopy equivalent to the inclusion $S^{m-1} \vee S^{m-1} \to S^{m-1} \times S^{m-1}$. This gives you a map of Serre spectral sequence in the opposite direction which is surjective. Examining this has the following consequences.
 - The map $H^*((S^{m-1})^3) \to H^*(conf(\mathbb{R}^m,3))$ is surjective, where the former is the exterior algebra $\mathbb{Z}[a_1,a_2,a_3]/(a_i^2)$ you list in (2).
 - This map is an isomorphism in degree $m-1$, and the action of $\Sigma_3$ is dual to a permutation action on $\mathbb{Z}^3$. You can choose generators so that the permutation $\sigma$ sends $a_i$ to $a_{\sigma^{-1} i}$. (Note: Cohomology is contravariant so this is a right action.)
 - The kernel in degree $2(m-1)$ is $\Sigma_3$-equivariant of rank $1$, and the image is free of rank $2$. This forces the kernel to be generated by $(a_1 a_2 + a_1 a_3 + a_2 a_3)$.
So the cohomology ring is actually $$ \mathbb{Z}[a_1,a_2,a_3]/(a_1^2, a_2^2, a_3^2, a_1 a_2 + a_1 a_3 + a_2 a_3). $$ (This is actually the hard one. You can use this result to get a grip on the configuration spaces of more points in $\mathbb{R}^m$.)
share|improve this answer
Thank you for the clarification. I realise that I got confused by the semantics on p. 139 in McCleary where he says that the spectral sequence converges to $H^*(E,R)$ as $algebras$. – confusedmath Oct 20 '11 at 10:02
This is really a comment, but I ran out of room (and I give no gurantee it is correct)
Shouldn't there be some relation between the generators? If I've done the spectral sequence correctly there is a $\mathbb{Z}$ on the $q=0$ row in at $p=0$ and $p=m-1$. On the $q=m-1$ row there is a $\mathbb{Z} \oplus \mathbb{Z}$ at $p=0$ and $p=m-1$. I'm not sure there can be any extension problems here, and so we know the cohomology as abelian groups:
$$H^p(\text{Conf}(\mathbb{R}^3,3);\mathbb{Z}) \simeq \begin{cases} \mathbb{Z} &\text{ if } p=0 \\ \mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus \mathbb{Z} &\text{ if } p=m-1 \\ \mathbb{Z} \oplus \mathbb{Z} &\text{ if } p=2(m-1) \end{cases} $$
By multiplicity of the spectral sequence I think we should we should have $E_2^{0,m-1} \otimes E_2^{m-1,0} \simeq E_2^{m-1,m-1}$ So if we denote the generators of the $\mathbb


text:
Babies & Hatchlings
Crested gecko babies are barely an inch in length when they hatch and their care is very similar to adults. There are just a few subtle differences in the care of crested gecko hatchlings that involve handling, enclosures, feeding and shedding. Watching them grow and become healthy, mature pets is enjoyable for many keepers.
The crested gecko hatches between 60 and 100 days. If they are exposed to lower temperatures, the hatch time will increase. This is actually beneficial to the gecko, as a longer hatch time will produce a healthier and stronger reptile. On the contrary, higher temperatures will result in a shorter incubation time and the hatchlings will be weak due to rapid development.
New Home Placement
Once the baby crested geckos hatch, they should be transferred to a small enclosure that is outfitted simply with paper towels as substrate. A few branches and plants should be placed in the enclosure to make them feel secure, but not so much to block your view or make it difficult for the hatchling to find its food.
Crested gecko hatchlings will generally not begin eating until after their first shed, which takes place 2-3 days after hatching. They are sustained on the nutrition from their yoke sack. The new gecko should be observed to make sure its first shed is complete. Misting them and their enclosure twice a day will help.
Once they have shed, crested gecko babies can be fed 1/8" crickets or the Crested Gecko Diet (CGD). To encourage them to eat, you can put a small drop of food on the gecko's nose and let them lick it off. Crickets should be gut-loaded or coated with a supplement powder to ensure that the baby gecko gets the required nutrition.
Handle With Care
Baby crested geckos should not be handled right away. This can cause them stress. They are very skittish and can quickly get away, possibly causing themselves injury. Give them one to two weeks' time to acclimate to their new surroundings and limit handling to five minutes per day. It is best to handle them while sitting so that if they jump away they will not have far to fall.
Crested gecko babies are very small and delicate. They are also very skittish and should be cared for gently. When acquiring crested gecko hatchlings, you will take much pleasure in watching them grow and become more comfortable and secure in their new environment. In four months, they will have reached their juvenile stage and can be transferred to a larger enclosure. During that time, take good care of them and watch them thrive.
Crested Gecko Baby Care
Caring for the babies is easy but requires attention to their handling, housing, proper feeding and shedding of their skin.


text:
This one is for my Quantity Surveyor friends who love to put together depreciation schedules…
The Commissioner has released a draft Taxation Ruling that considers whether a composite item is itself a depreciating asset or whether its components are separate depreciating assets.
And this is a great question. How far down do we break something down before we start claiming depreciation on it? Part, compound, element, proton, quark?
The Commissioner states that for a component of a composite assets to be considered to be a separate depreciating asset, it is necessary that the component is capable of being separately identified as having commercial and economic value.
The main principles that need to be taken into account in determining whether a composite item is a single depreciating asset are:
- Whether the depreciating asset will tend to be the item that performs a separate identifiable function;
- Whether the asset is an item that performs a discrete function;
- Whether there is a high degree of physical integration of the components;
- Whether attaching the item to another asset, varies the performance of that asset; and
- Whether the item is purchased as a system to function together as a whole and which are necessarily connected in their operation.
The draft ruling has a series of examples that use these factors. For example, the draft Ruling concludes that:
- Connected warehouse storage racks are a single depreciable asset but unconnected racks are not;
- A desktop computer package, including a monitor, keyboard and a mouse, is a single depreciable asset but an additional printer is not;
- A mainframe and 50 slave terminals is a single depreciating asset;
- A built-in GPS unit in a car is a part of the car but a portable GPS unit is not; and
- A solar system is a single depreciable asset.
However, it is worth noting that in many cases adding a new component is a separate depreciable asset and not a modification to the existing asset. For example, adding additional solar panels to a current system will see the new panels treated as a separate depreciable asset.


text:
IZA DP No. 9881: Smoking Behaviour and Early Retirement Due to Chronic Disability
This paper considers the long-term effects of smoking on disability retirement. Exploiting population-wide registry data from Sweden, we contribute to the literature by accounting for a much broader range of potential confounders. In particular, by the use of sibling and twin fixed effects, we account for all unobserved heterogeneity in childhood environment and family characteristics. Moreover, we are able to control for detailed information on socioeconomic status, marital status and health. We also contribute by comparing effects on different diagnoses for which disability pension was granted, thus shedding some light on the biological mechanisms linking smoking to disability retirement. We demonstrate a strong association between smoking and disability retirement. Among individuals aged 50-64, smokers have a six percentage point higher probability of receiving (full) disability pension. However, while the relationship remains significant when accounting for confounders such as family environment, the size of the effect is much attenuated. Effects are concentrated to mental and musculoskeletal conditions, but effects on neoplasms, nervous system, eye and circulatory diagnoses are also found. The results are largely driven by health problems severe enough to merit hospitalization, and there is no evidence of a role played by financial incentives.


Musikinstrumente + Verlag GmbH
MOECK • Lückenweg 4 D-29227 Celle
Wood or Plastic?
The advantage of the professionally made wooden instruments is their excellent quality of sound. Children can perceive the difference in quality and this ability should be developed during lessons. Wood reacts very sensitively to the way it is treated by the player. Looking after a wooden recorder requires and trains a certain sensitivity which children are never too young to learn.
Instruments with a plastic head or even entirely made of plastic can have a satisfactory sound. They are to be recommended for small children as they are extremely robust. Plastic instruments do not mind being knocked about.


Tag Archive - coordinate
Where there's a Huddle there's a Team
How do you know if the volunteer teams at your church are really working? I don't mean are they getting stuff done and meeting objectives, I mean are they developing people. After all the point of building volunteer teams at your church isn't just to use people to accomplish objectives but rather to create opportunities and relationships to develop people.
Team huddles are one of the most overlooked opportunities by many church staff, and yet they are one of the easiest tactics to implement and they bear a disproportionate amount of fruit.
Simply put where there's a team there's a huddle. No huddle…no team. So go looking for huddles at your church. If you don't see any you may be using people instead of developing them.
Team huddles are evidence of…
When you see a team huddle that means someone is leading. Someone is getting the team together and calling the plays.
When you see a team huddle you can rest assured that someone is doing some planning. They're sharing that plan with the team and helping everyone know how they're going to accomplish what they're going to accomplish that day.
When you see a team huddle you can know that people are working together in a coordinated fashion. Yes someone has planed the plays and called the plays but it takes everyone blocking the right scheme, picking up their individual assignments, running the right routes, and putting the ball where it needs to go at the right time for the team to win. That's called coordination.
You know people are being developed when you see a team huddle. Tasks are being delegated and people are being empowerment to make decisions. Responsibility is being shared and young growing leaders are learning to build trust.
You can know that people are being encouraged when you see team huddles. People are celebrating what was accomplished on the last play and individuals on the team are being called out and honored for doing a great job.
If your church isn't using team huddles try having each volunteer team start and end with a huddle using the tactics above. Try it for 30 days…you may be surprised by the results.
Posted in Leadership, Volunteers
Tearing Down Ministry Silos
One of the common challenges that I see in churches that are stuck is ministry silos. Another word for this is departmentalization. Multiple unique individual ministries operating under one roof. Most churches don't set out this way, but over time they naturally drift towards ministry silos and operating independently from one another. Instead of working with one another, ministries end up competing for volunteers, budget resources, facility space, announcement time, and so on.
The good news is it doesn't have to be this way. In fact here are 5 steps you can take to begin to get rid of silo thinking and behaviors at your church.
1. Share the Mission, Vision & Values
Clearly articulate one mission, vision and set of value statements for the church and then set the expectation that each ministry will live those out within their own context and audience. Allowing segment ministries to develop their own values, vision or mission statements fuels silo thinking.
2. Get rid of Sub-Ministry Brands
Call things what they are. Children's Ministry is Children's Ministry and Student Ministry is Student Ministry (and so on). When you allow segment ministries to develop their own sub-brands not only is it confusing to new people who attend the church to navigate but it encourages silo thinking (it's also more expensive).
3. Coordinated Calendaring Process
Instead of each ministry having their own separate ministry calendars, do the work of annually planning one coordinated ministry calendar for the year. This will force the team to work cooperatively, communicate with one another, understand what each other are doing, and get rid of competing events. You can even take 5 minutes in a meeting once a month to review the upcoming month together and make sure everyone is on the same page.
4. Budget Together
Instead of having each ministry build a budget in isolation and then turn that proposal into an individual or board to make decisions, come together as a team and present your proposals to one another. Then work together to come up with a holistic ministry budget approach for the next ministry year. You know you're getting somewhere when ministry leaders begin to sacrifice financially for one another when they see a proposed initiative or idea from a different segment ministry gets the church further, faster.
5. Replicate Best-Practices
Don't waste time and energy with every ministry department coming up with their own systems for how to do Guest Services, Volunteering, Mission trips, etc. Instead, identify your best practices and the unique approach your church takes to each of these things and then replicate them in each ministry.
Photo Credit: dawn_perry via Compfight cc
Posted in Leadership


text:
Description: In response to steamship concerns regarding the dangerous shoals on the eastern shore of the Hudson River just north of New York City, Congress authorized the building of a lighthouse in 1847 near Tellers Point and Sing Sing Prison. Officials, however, changed their mind and a site a few miles south was chosen instead. The new site was part of a profitable vineyard operated by Kingsland Point Property, and the two parties could not agree on a selling price, delaying the project indefinitely.
Captain Joseph Ackerman lit the light for the first time on October 1, 1883, a ceremony he would repeat many times during his twenty-one years of service at the rock-rimmed cast-iron tower. The 54-foot-tall conical tower consists of five levels. The first level, having a diameter of eighteen feet, served as a combination kitchen/dining room/living room. Bedrooms were located on the next two levels. The fourth level was split into two rooms, a bedroom and a small storeroom. The fifth level stored fog bell equipment, and the lantern room topped it all off.
The only Caisson style lighthouse on the Hudson River, the Tarrytown Lighthouse housed a fourth-order Fresnel lens, which originally exhibited a fixed white light characteristic from a 56-foot focal plane. The characteristic was switched to fixed-red in 1894 and then in 1902, it was changed to flashing red.
General Motors expanded its automobile plant along the river in 1923, altering the course of the Pocantico River. Slowly, the east shore of the Hudson River expanded until only 50 feet separated the lighthouse from the shoreline.
When the Tappan Zee Bridge was completed in 1955, the Tarrytown Light was no longer needed. Its candlepower was reduced from 7000 to 1500 in 1957, and the inevitable deactivation occurred in 1961. The lighthouse was listed for disposal and fell into disrepair.
In 1969, Westchester County began plans to accept the lighthouse from the General Services Administration (GSA), and ownership was transferred in 1974. Westchester County has worked diligently to restore and maintain the structure. During the 1970s, a metal footbridge was constructed to connect the lighthouse to the shoreline.
On October 1, 1983, the 100th anniversary of the beacon's first lighting, the Tarrytown Lighthouse was opened to the public. Today, Westchester County occasionally conducts tours of the lighthouse, treating visitors to furnishings and photographs depicting life at the lighthouse.
As part of a $800,000 project, funded by Westchester County and the Village of Sleepy Hollow, the lighthouse will be stabilized, have its wooden floors replaced, and receive a new coat of paint. The work should be finished in 2013.
Located just north of the Tappan Zee Bridge
(Interstate 287) on the eastern shore of the
Hudson River. The lighthouse is owned by Westchester County Parks. Tower closed.
The lighthouse is owned by Westchester County Parks. Tower closed.
Pictures on this page copyright Kraig Anderson, used by permission.


text:
|The Eiffel Tower
Extent: 16 pages
Format: 205 x 285 mm
Small fans of paper cut-outs can now make a model of the famous French tower, using pre-cut shapes to create a 16"-model of the most significant architectural symbol of Paris.
Paper folding is an early-learning activity which is both creative and captivating. Our innovative cut-outs introduce children to the art of paper folding—an educational activity that awakens and captivates the imagination while sharpening manual and spatial skills. Children age 4 and above can assemble paper models without scissors or glue.


1. Go to the Playbook Tab from left nav
3. Click '+ Add a card' (if you don't see this, we can make you a playbook curator - just ask)
4. Give your card a title
5. Choose your signals—add in keywords separated by the 'Enter' key.
There's no limit to how many keyword signals you choose
6. Optional: Add a stage signal by choosing to decide when in the sales cycle your card can pop up. If you leave this section blank, it will pop up across all stages
7. Optional: Add a role signal. This is based on your team's Salesforce role assignment
8. Write your talking points -- Use bullets and numbered lists for the most impactful content
Test it out by typing your keyword into a note and watch the magic happen ✨
Did this answer your question?


text:
On January 21, the Wolfsberg Group published new guidance for financial institutions (FIs) on sanctions screening. In a statement of key themes in that Guidance document, the Wolfsberg Group stated that the Guidance seeks to demonstrate "where sanctions screening can be an effective part of a wider sanctions compliance programme," "where it has limitations as a control," and "where a risk based approach may be appropriate, notwithstanding the strict liability nature of sanctions compliance."
The Guidance includes sections that address the following key issues:
- Definition of Sanctions Screening: This section (p. 2) defines sanctions screening as "a control used in the detection, prevention and disruption of financial crime and, in particular, sanctions risk. It is the comparison of one string of text against another to detect similarities which would suggest a possible match. It compares data sourced from an FI's operations, such as customer and transactional records, against lists of names and other indicators of sanctioned parties or locations."
- The Fundamental Elements of a Sanctions Screening Program: This section (pp. 2-3) cautions that "screening as a control is not sanctions specific and should be deployed as part of an integrated risk based [financial crime compliance (FCC)] programme." It also notes that "[f]undamental pillars of an FCC programme, including key enabling functions, should be applied to screening, not in isolation, but in conjunction with other financial crime risk prevention and control processes," including policies and procedures, designation of a responsible person, risk assessment, and internal controls.
- Consideration of a Risk Based Approach: This section (pp. 3-4) states that screening "requires a programmatic approach through which each FI must assess its own risks in order to define the manner, extent and circumstances in which screening is employed." That process is built around four core principles summarized as follows:
- "Articulate the specific sanctions risk the FI is trying to prevent or detect within its products, services and operations."
- "Identify and evaluate the inherent potential exposure to sanctions risk presented by the FI's products, services and customer relationships."
- "A well-documented understanding of the risks and how they are managed through the set-up and calibration of the screening tool."
- "Assess w here, within the FI, the information is available in a format conducive to screening."
- Screening Technology and Generating Productive Alerts: Given the complexity of "[w]hat is often thought of as a simple name-matching process," this section (pp. 4-6) sets out principles for generating productive alerts; discusses the process of alert generation and review; emphasizes the need for risk-relevant metric reporting, an independent risk-based testing and validation regime, and data integrity processes; and identifies criteria for deciding whether to build the screening application internally or source from a vendor.
- Reference Data/Customer or Name Screening: This section (pp. 7-8) defines reference data screening as "the process of screening the information an FI collects and maintains on the parties it does business with, or specific types of products and services it offers." It discusses the process of determining sanctions-relevant attributes in reference data, and the manner, timing, and frequency of reference data screening.
- Transactions/Message Screening. This section (pp. 8-10) discusses transaction screening – "the process of screening a movement of value within the FI's records, including funds, goods or assets, between parties or accounts" – as well as the focus of transaction screening, identifying which data elements within transactions are relevant for sanctions screening, and the manner, timing, and frequency of transactions screening.
- List Management: This section (pp. 10- 12) discusses the importance of rigorous list management – "the end-to-end process of determining and managing regulatory and internal lists used for screening" – as well as considerations relevant to effective list management, data quality control for regulatory-sanctions and internal lists, and the use of identifying information and 'weak aliases" (i.e., additional ancillary information of varying utility).
- Historical Reviews (Lookbacks). This section (pp. 12-13) states that when an FI identifies "potential sanctions risk where a sanctions related data point may have been previously undetected by the screening system,... the FI should consider whether or not: (i) changes to the sanctions screening system (for example, configuration or lists) are warranted, and (ii) a historical review ("lookback") should be performed." It also lists factors that should be considered in making that determination.
In conclusion, the Guidance advocates that FIs
seek to adopt a risk based approach to sanctions screening and to consider all aspects of a comprehensive sanctions screening control framework, as follows:
- The FI must have a robust FCC programme with a clear strategy in respect of sanctions screening, to mitigate the risk of being exposed to sanctioned parties and countries.
- The FI's approach should recognise that while sanctions screening is a primary control, it has its limitations and should be deployed alongside a broader set of non-screening controls to be truly effective.
- It is important for FIs to document their systematic approach to screening by linking it directly to their risk appetite statements.
- The accuracy and completeness of the FI's own data is central to an effective and efficient sanctions screening process.
- Technology remains a key enabler in the effectiveness of identifying financial crime risk through screening, more efficiently and on a real-time basis.
- Robust governance and oversight mechanisms must be put in place across the FIs to ensure transparency of risk decisions to key stakeholders and risk owners.
- The FI should ensure that people involved in the end-to-end risk event management are suitably trained, supervised and that the appropriate levels of quality control and assurance are in place to ensure compliance with requirements.
- Robust management information should be made available to management to report effectiveness, trends and performance.
Note: This latest Guidance from the Wolfsberg Group is consistent in quality and concision with the Group's previously issued Standards on issues such as payment transparency, anti-bribery and corruption compliance programs, and Politically Exposed Persons. In drafting this Guidance, the Wolfsberg Group noted that it found "a great deal of commonality in the design and execution of sanctions screening controls across the Wolfsberg member banks," suggesting that there is already core common practice in the financial sector. It emphasized, however, that while there were various ways in which FIs can seek to adhere to the Group's various documents, "the means by which each FI choses to adopt these documents must make sense for each individual firm, recognising that one size doesn't fit all and that each FI's risk mitigation strategy must be tailored to meet its risk appetite."
For that reason, compliance officers with responsibility for sanctions compliance should read the Guidance closely and use it as a basis for comparison with their current sanctions screening processes, bearing in mind that specific technology solutions and approaches suitable for some financial institutions may not be suitable for others.