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The Lemonade Diet
 -- The Master Cleanser --
 by Stanley Burroughs
When to Use It
How Long and Often?
for serious conditions.
How to Make Lemonade
An ideal formula involves freshly extracted juice from the sugar cane (readily available in India,
but not generally in the United States at the present time):
Blend a part of the lemon skin and pulp with the lemonade in a blender for further cleansing and laxative effect. (Note: commercially procured lemons may have had their skins dyed with yellow coloring and may have been subjected to poisonous insect sprays - be sure to peel off the outer skin if you cannot get uncolored, organically grown lemons.) The properties in the lemon skin also act as a hemostatic to prevent excess bleeding and to
prevent clotting internally should there be any such prevailing condition. (Don't worry - normal conditions will continue during the menstrual periods.)
cleansing period.
Special Instructions for the Diabetic:
DIABETES is the result of a deficiency diet consisting in part of white sugar and white flour. The lemonade with molasses is an ideal way to correct this deficiency. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY FOR BEST RESULTS. The molasses supplies the necessary elements for the pancreas to produce insulin. As the necessary elements are supplied to the pancreas, the amount of insulin taken may also be gradually reduced -- as an example.
explained in the following pages.
How Much Does One Drink?
The lemonade is already a food in liquid form.
to reduce. Extra water may be taken as desired.
Helping the Cleansing Along
Another Cleansing Aid: Internal Salt Water Bathing
then the herb laxative tea must be taken night and morning.
How to Break the Lemonade Diet
You are now ready to eat normally.
Drink several 8,oz. glasses of orange juice during the day - with extra water, if needed. Some time during the afternoon prepare a vegetable soup (no canned soup) as follows:
Recipe for Vegetable Soup
salt in the September 1977 issue of National Geographic magazine.
and tends to develop toxins throughout the body.
where it can cause intense pain and suffering.)
several more days until the system is ready for food.
Recap of the steps to be taken in the diet.
Be careful to read the entire instructions so that the diet will
be of the best benefit to you.
The Night Before starting the diet take the laxative tea.
In the morning take the salt water (or) laxative tea. This should be done each night and morning during the diet - rare exception - if diarrhea develops. When diarrhea is ended then continue above directions.
Now the lemonade formula (see How to Make Lemonade. For diabetic people, see Special Instruction).
About Lemon
Its oxygen builds vitality.
Its carbon acts as a motor stimulant.
Its sodium encourages tissue building.
Its magnesium acts as a blood alkalizer.
Its chlorine cleanses the blood plasmas
Its silicon aids the thyroid for deeper breathing.
About Maple Syrup:
The maple syrup is a balanced form of positive and negative sugar and must be used, not some "substitute.
"There are three grades of maple syrup. Grade A is the first run - mild in taste, sweet and with less minerals than the other grades. It is more expensive and less desirable but it may be used. Grade B is the second run with more minerals plus more maple taste. It is more suitable for the diet and is less expensive. Grade C is the third run with even more minerals and still stronger taste of maple and slightly less pleasant for most people, although acceptable in the diet. It is lower in price. As Grade C is less expensive it can be used as an excellent sweetening agent in preparing foods. The strong maple flavor blends very well.
Some uninformed operators of the sugaring of the maple syrup do use formaldehyde pellets, run through polyethylene tubing but there are many more that don't. Search out and demand the kind not using formaldehyde. The Maple River Company in Youngstown, New York does not use it. This is the kind I recommend.
Dozens of letters weekly, from around the world highly praise the many superior benefits of the lemonade diet. Thus, we must conclude that since it does so much for so many it is truly The Master Cleanser. The following is a quote from one of the letters: "I tried the lemonade diet with exceptionally beneficial results. I would like to order at least six at whatever your wholesale price would be - I know I will need many more as I do push the books. I believe they are the best in their field."
What About the Use of Honey?
Honey must not be used at any time internally. It is manufactured from the nectar picked up from the flowers by the bees - good enough in itself, perhaps - then predigested, vomited and stored for their own future use with a preservative added. It is deficient in calcium and has many detrimental effects for the human being.
According to one authority, honey is "a magical and mystical word in Healthfoodland. It is one of the most over promoted, overpriced product being sold to gullible health foodists. The great value attributed to honey is delusive... honey is only a little less empty and more dangerous than sugar."
Just as with alcohol, honey, being predigested, enters the blood directly, raising the sugar content very rapidly above normal. To correct this, the pancreas must produce insulin immediately or possible death can occur. More insulin than necessary is likely to be produced, and the blood sugar level then drops below normal. This can produce blackout spells and even death if it goes too low. When blood sugar is below normal, a person will feel depressed. The regular use of honey can create constant imbalances, which in turn will adversely affect the normal function of the liver, pancreas and spleen. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are the results of the use of unbalanced sugars. The balanced sugar in maple syrup and sugar cane juice causes no dangerous side effects. All natural fruits and vegetables have balanced sugars in them. Artificial, synthetic, and refined sugars have no place in a natural diet.
Should I Take "Supplements"?
Some people want to take vitamin pills or food supplements while on the diet. This frequently fails to produce the desired result. There are many reasons. As the lymphatic glands become clogged, they are no longer able to assimilate and digest even the best of foods. As we cleanse our bodies and free our cells and glands of toxins that clog and paralyze our assimilation, we free our various organs and processes to do their proper jobs. Note Page 20. All the necessary vitamins and minerals are in the lemonade, and therefore we do not need an additional supply in most cases.
Vitamin pills and supplements do not grow on trees as such but rather come to us in fruits, berries, vegetables and plants. Man will never take a group of natural or synthetic foods; process and combine them in a variety of products, and come up with anything equal or better than the original. They have lost much of their basic life and energy by combining them according to a man made concept. Many dangerous side effects can occur because of improper and unequal balances present. Stay with the natural laws of balance. First one must decided if God is right or if man is right. If God is right then man and his ideas of processing -tearing apart and rearranging - are likely to be wrong.
Later, as we consume a more complete variety of foods, we find our sources of vitamins and minerals complete and in forms that are easily assimilated - it should not be necessary to return to these supplements even if one is accustomed to taking them. The sources of good food are steadily being enlarged as people become more educated concerning them. Search these sources and rely on them for your total nutritional needs.
What About the Use of Vitamins
Vitamins and minerals have always been a necessary part of natural living. Not satisfied with God's plan, man has attempted to improve the situation by separating them from fresh live foods, then processing and combining them to conform to his concept of what they should be. Not satisfied with the finished product, attempts were made to produce them synthetically. It was big business - and we became a world of "pill pushers," whether they were needed or not. More often they were not needed. No one really knew if the pills were needed, or how many - people just took them because they might have a deficiency!
Just how these vitamins and minerals should be balanced and formulated led to many differences of opinion. A large variety of experts, in processing and manufacturing of pills, disagree as to how the many billions of pills should be made. They all have different formulas and claim theirs are the best even though much is lost in the processing. However, even without any clear consensus as to their worth and use,
they were manufactured and processed; therefore they must be sold with no thought as to possible side effects from overdosing or imbalances. Millions of dollars are made by the producers and the sellers with little regard for the true needs of the consumer.
In reality, the whole process could have been completely avoided. Our Creator has already done a better job of making sure we receive all the needed vitamins and minerals in a perfectly balanced form. Only the finest of natural foods in their original package are good enough for bringing complete energy and life to build and retain a healthy body. Any time man attempts to improve on God's formulas and plans, the result is bound to be a failure.
The simple rules to complete nutrition include all the vitamins and minerals needed by all mankind and all animals. Our Creator


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The Constitutional Court through Writ for Protection of Fundamental Rights 881 of 2012 established that a person linked through an apprenticeship agreement, who had suffered an accident in development of his/her agreement, was entitled to the reinforced occupational stability guarantee.
¿What is the apprenticeship agreement?
Article 30 of Law 789 of 2002 defined the apprenticeship agreement as a special form within the Labor Law, through which an individual develops practical theoretical formation in an authorized entity and in exchange a sponsor enterprise grants the funds to acquire methodic and complete professional formation required for the profession, activity or occupation and this implies to the performance within the administrative, business operative or financial management within the ordinary course of the enterprise activities, for any determined time not exceeding two (2) years.
¿Which is the remuneration in an apprenticeship agreement?
The remuneration in this type of agreement is called maintenance support, which may not be deemed as salary. The minimum amount for the maintenance support, in the teaching phase would be of 50% of a minimum salary and in the practical phase of the agreement of 75% of a minimum salary.
¿What does the Colombian law establish vis-à-vis the reinforced stability of apprentices?
The provisions ruling the apprenticeship agreement does not expressly provide anything regarding the reinforced stability right of apprentices that have suffered a loss in their labor capacity during the practical phase of formation.
¿What does the Constitutional Court establish vis-à-vis the legal vacuum?
The Constitutional Court deemed that this legal vacuum shall be resolved according to article 8 of Law 153 of 1887, pursuant to which "When there is no law exactly applicable to the controversial case, the laws ruling cases or similar matters shall be applied".
The Court applies the above mentioned provision and assimilates the apprenticeship agreement to the labor agreement since both have common elements, such as the personal rendering of a service, the subordination and the remuneration (called salary in the labor agreement and maintenance support in the apprenticeship agreement).
Consequently, the similarities between both agreements are sufficient reasons to affirm that not existing a law regarding the reinforced stability of apprentices that have lost a percentage of their labor capacity, the laws ruling these situations in the labor agreements shall be applied in an analogous manner.
¿What is reinforced labor stability?
Article 26 of Law 361 of 1997 refers to the reinforced stability as the protection that limited individuals have, due to which they can not be dismissed or their labor agreement terminated by virtue of their limitation, unless there exists authorization from the Ministry of Labor.
¿How does the reinforced stability in the apprenticeship agreements operate?
The mentioned decision ordered for the concrete case, the rehiring of the plaintiff to the company to the position he was occupying, provided his physical disability does not hinder the performance of the activities of the function for which he was hired. If his physical disability would hinder the performance of the entrusted activities, the company shall relocate him in another position compatible with his abilities and in coordination with SENA, offer to him an occupational formation that the actor would require.
This protection shall be enforceable until the Ministry of Labor authorizes the termination of the relationship with the apprentice or until the compliance of the maximum term of duration of the apprenticeship agreements of two (2) years. To calculate this term, the Court only took into account the time of relationship of the apprentice in the practical phase.
Tel. (57-1) _PHONE_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


In this guide, I'm going to show you how to create a cart value booster based on your free shipping threshold.
Note: This tutorial will only work if:
 - You're using Shopify and have installed the latest version of our app
 - You have a free shipping threshold (this is probably obvious)
Step 1:
Create a new campaign in your Wisepops account.
Step 2:
Drag and drop a text block into your popup.
Step 3:
Copy and paste the following piece of code into your block:
{{ X | minus: cart.total_price | round: 2 }}
Replace the "X" with your own free shipping threshold.
When the popup is displayed, this section will be replaced with the value that your visitor needs to add to his cart to get free shipping.
Step 4:
Add the text around the dynamic block.
Your should end up with something like this:
Step 5:
In Display > Page, create the following rule:
Step 6:
In Display > Ecommerce, add the following rule (replace 100 with your own free shipping threshold):
And you're done!
Here's what the final result looks like on our own store (hope you don't mind the Pokemon):
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Hansard is the record of parliamentary debates.
The term Hansard is also used to refer to the unit of the Department of Parliamentary Services that publishes the printed record. Hansard's primary role is to accurately and promptly report the proceedings of the Parliament, the parliamentary committees and other forums.
The origins of Hansard as well as how it is produced today are described in more detail in About Hansard
Hansard produces and publishes Daily Hansard and weekly Hansard, which can be downloaded from 1999 onwards.
The full text of Hansard can also be searched from 1991 onwards.Last Updated on Tuesday, 05 June 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Q: I need help identifying a bird I have at my feeder. It looks like a cardinal except for the head, which appears to be devoid of feathers! It has normal red body feathers and a head with no crest.
A: You have a male cardinal whose feathers have dropped off. This is the subject of lengthy discussion among birders but the consensus is that it can be caused by mites, heat or nutritional difficulties. The folks at Hilton Pond Center in South Carolina have observed several birds with this condition (which they call "lizard-head"), including one who was bald one year but fully recovered the next. Details at HILTON POND
Tags For This Article: birds


careertrend article image
Finance Officer Job Description
Growth Trends for Related Jobs
The duties of a financial officer are an important part of the operation for any organization, nonprofit or commercial. The financial officer is the person who controls the spending, and sometimes the funding, of an operation.
The financial officer of a company is the person who is in charge of finances, accounting and investment activities of the company. A financial officer can have many titles but is mostly referred to as the Chief Financial Officer, or CFO.
The financial officer's duties include administration of the financial system, employee pay records and benefits and approval of payouts. This includes monitoring all expenses and budgets within the company to comply with approved policies.
Specific Duties
Specific duties include approving invoices, issuing receipts and creating overall budget projections. Other specialized duties can include maintaining the required government documentation and ensuring the delivery of financial records in a timely manner.
Corporate Rank
Depending on the organization, the financial officer can be as high as a Vice President reporting to the CEO or further down as someone strictly in charge of overall accounting. In nonprofit organizations, the financial officer can also be head of human resources or fundraising efforts.
The financial officer's ability to carry out her duties can directly impact the ability for an organization to finance daily operations or raise funding. Her ability to follow government oversight also impacts the amount of government involvement in the business should the organization become financially unstable.


Online education
This section gathers recordings of webinars and scientific events organised by the International Sweeteners Association, including recordings of the presentations made at the 3rd ISA Conference themed "The science behind low calorie sweeteners: where evidence meets policy".
Highlights from the ISA Conference 2018
Low calorie sweeteners in the current public health discussion
Regulation and approval of low calorie sweeteners by international authorities
Evaluating Research by understanding the metabolic fate of different low calorie sweeteners
How does consumer perception about low calorie sweeteners affect food behaviour and energy intake?
Do low calorie sweeteners affect glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity?
Low calorie sweeteners and gut microbiota: Why is there a debate?
Low calorie sweeteners' role in the dietary recommendations for people with diabetes
Sweet taste, appetite and obesity: Is there a link?


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What does CANDY mean in Food?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand CANDY in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Food terminology in particular.
Find a translation for CANDY in other languages:
Select another language:
What does CANDY mean?
- candy, confect(verb)
- a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts


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Js Remove Space Before String With Code Examples
This article will exhibit through examples how one can resolve the Js Remove Space Before String error.
newString = string.substitute(/s+/g,' ').trim();
To remedy the identical downside as Js Remove Space Before String, you can too utilise the strategy that's mentioned additional down this web page, together with a number of code samples.
const take awaySpaces = str => str.substitute(/s/g, ''); // Example take awaySpaces('hel lo wor ld'); // 'helloworld'
var str = " Some textual content "; str.trim(); // str = "Some textual content"
var str = " Hello World! "; alert(str.trim());
var puzzle1=myTrim($("_TAG_").val()); perform myTrim(x) s+$/gm,'');
We have been in a position to comprehend how one can right the Js Remove Space Before String difficulty because of the various examples.
How do I take away an area in entrance of a string?
String end result = str. trim(); The trim() methodology will take away each main and trailing whitespace from a string and return the end result.19-Jan-2007
How do you take away whitespace from the start and finish of a string?
Use the. lstrip() methodology to take away whitespace and characters solely from the start of a string. Use the. rstrip() methodology to take away whitespace and characters solely from the top of a string.12-Jan-2022
How do you trim strings?
The trim() methodology in Java String is a built-in perform that eliminates main and trailing areas. The Unicode worth of area character is 'u0020'. The trim() methodology in java checks this Unicode worth earlier than and after the string, if it exists then removes the areas and returns the omitted string.25-Sept-2021
How do you take away areas in entrance of information?
Trim Spaces for Excel – take away further areas in a click on
- Select the cell(s) the place you wish to delete areas.
- Click the Trim Spaces button on the ribbon.
- Choose one or all the following choices: Trim main and trailing areas. Trim further areas between phrases, apart from a single area.
- Click Trim.
How do I eliminate undesirable areas?
Remove all areas between numbers
- Press Ctrl + Space to pick out all cells in a column.
- Press Ctrl + H to open the "Find & Replace" dialog field.
- Press Space bar within the Find What discipline and ensure the "Replace with" discipline is empty.
- Click on the "Replace all" button, after which press Ok. Voila! All areas are eliminated.
What is trim () in JS?
The trim() methodology removes whitespace from each ends of a string and returns a brand new string, with out modifying the unique string. Whitespace on this context is all of the whitespace characters (area, tab, no-break area, and so forth.)13-Sept-2022
Which perform removes whitespace from string?
trim() methodology in Java This is the commonest methodology to take away white areas current at first and finish of the string.20-Apr-2022
Which perform take away whitespace from the string?
Using break up() and be a part of() perform We can use the break up() and be a part of() capabilities to get rid of all of the whitespaces from the string.18-Apr-2022


Fuck a duck
Contents: Meaning | Origin | Spread
What does Fuck a duck mean?
Fuck a duck is a common cuss phrase which conveys anger, disappointment or even in some instances surprise.
The term implies a sense of frustration when something minor goes wrong.
Given this information, "Fuck a duck" is mainly used jokingly, to express dissatisfaction with a certain situation and/or person.
🔥 Other popular slang words 🔥
What's the origin of Fuck a duck?
The first appearance in print of this term was in Henry Miller's novel, the Tropic of Cancer. It inspired entire phrases, such as 'Fuck a duck and give it a buck' or 'Fuck a duck and see what hatches'.
You might even hear the phrase 'I'll fuck a dead duck' which expresses the full extent of the surprise.
Linguistic experts believe that the phrase came from the word duckfucker, the person on board who was taking care of domestic animals.
This phrase entered America, and the world of stoner slangs and, it's now used for annoying idiots.
Spread and Usage
How did Fuck a duck spread?
We couldn't tell exactly where the term came from, or when did it get popular.
But we can be sure that it became well liked, probably because people from a very young age learn to rhyme to associate things with other things more easily.
But these days "Fuck a duck" got more and more popular on different platforms, such as Reddit, Youtube or Urban Dictionary, where the first definition was written in 2004.
External References
Search Interest
Published: 07/31/2020 by | Last updated: 07/31/2020 | 697 views | Report error
What do you think? Any additions friend?


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A wilderness survival enthusiast, I enjoy practicing my skills and writing about my experiences and sharing my knowledge.
Not All Knives Are Created Equal
In a survival situation, your most valuable resource will be your knife.
For this reason, a good knife is of vital importance to increase your chances of survival. It can mean the difference between making it out alive or dying from exposure or hunger.
To be considered a survival knife, it should be capable of serving a variety of tasks. Some of which include:
- Aid in building shelter
- Processing game and cleaning fish
- Food preparation
- Processing firewood
- Improvised weapon(fixed to a sapling to form a spear)
- Building trap components
- Making tools
So what makes for a proper survival knife that you would trust your life to? There is no one knife that suits every situation, but there are a few critical features that must be included for it to be considered a survival knife:
1. Fixed Blade With Full Tang Made of High-Carbon Steel
The knife must be a fixed-blade design. A fixed-blade knife is far more durable than a folding knife. While a quality folding knife is great in your every-day-carry kits, it will not stand up to challenges a survival situation may present.
A hinge or joint of any kind presents a weakness in your most important survival item. Minimize the risk of losing your key survival resource by choosing a knife that stands up to the pounding, chopping, prying, and cutting demands that will be presented in a survival situation.
Not only should your knife have a fixed blade, but it should also be full tang. "Full tang" means the blade and handle are constructed from a single piece of solid steal.
High-carbon steel ensures a long lasting cutting edge and provides a redundant method for generating sparks to ignite a fire.
Sorry fellas, size DOES matter. But where it relates to your survival knife, bigger is not always better. Too big a blade and you sacrifice the ability to effectively use it for detailed tasks such as carving precision trap components or dressing smaller game.
While at the same time, a small blade does not meet the more rugged demands of tasks like harvesting saplings to build camp.
An ideal size for a good survival knife should be around 9-11 inches overall length.
3. Straight Edge With Flat Spine
When it comes to the actual style or cut of the blade, there are many different options. But for a quality survival knife, a straight edge is preferred for the following reasons:
- Straight edge blades are better when batoning and carving
- Straight edge blades can more easily be sharpened than serrated blades
- Straight edge blades are more versatile
The spine should be milled flat, and at a 90 degree angle to the cheeck of the blade. This allows for creating sparks by either stroking a ferrocerium rod or striking the spine of the blade with a piece of flint or quartz when making fire.
It also makes it easy to strip the inner bark off sticks for making medicine or fire tinder, and in a pinch you can use it to scrape a hide for processing fur and leather.
There are hundreds of survival knives that meet these survival features.
Use the three criteria above as a benchmark for choosing your survival knife. Beyond this, everything else comes down to personal preference.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.


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GrayMatter and City of Akron Water Supply Bureau co-innovate to develop a customized operations hub that weaves together continuously updated SCADA data, utility operator observations and lab testing data to provide an accurate portrayal of plant operations. Participants will value learning about a real-world example of a utility that has taken the initiative to dramatically increase its data visualization.
Key audience takeaways:
- Water/wastewater utilities should view data as an asset
- Increasing the visibility and accessibility of plant operations can unlock hidden capacity
- Operators in the field deserve to have the most information possible to perform their jobs
- Utilities can make valuable predictions and performance estimates from seemingly disparate data sources


Nutritionally balanced pizza includes a unique ingredient
Developed by University of Glasgow scientist Mike Lean and entrepreneur Donnie Maclean, the pizza contains the proper proportions of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, salts, sugar, fiber, vitamins and minerals that humans require for a balanced meal. They added locally grown seaweed to the dough to cut down the sodium levels and offer vitamin B12 and iodine, and fortified the pizza with magnesium, potassium, folate and vitamin A, and mixed red peppers into the sauce for extra vitamin C.
Maclean said that a long time was spent in refining the recipes to get the proper nutritional and taste balance. "I'm confident that once they try our pizzas and realize that a balanced meal doesn't have to taste bland or like cardboard, people will happily choose them so that we can make a difference to the nations' health," Maclean added.
Varieties include Cheese and Tomato, Ham and Pineapple, and Spicy Chicken. In talks with a major British supermarket retailer for distribution, they will be commercially launched by Eat Balanced, the firm established by Maclean.
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Ambulation Index (AI)
The AI is a rating scale developed by Hauser et al (1983) to assess mobility by evaluating the time and degree of assistance required to walk 25 feet. Scores range from 0 (asymptomatic and fully active) to 10 (bedridden). The patient is asked to walk a marked 25-foot course as quickly and safely as possible. The examiner records the time and type of assistance (e.g., cane, walker, crutches) needed.
Administration time
Administration time will vary depending upon the ability of the patient. Total administration time should be approximately 1-5 minutes.
Administration method
The AI is administered in person by a trained examiner. The examiner need not be a physician or nurse.
Although the patient's walking is timed, the time is not used directly but is utilized in conjunction with other factors to rate the patient on an ordinal scale with 11 gradations.
Download the Ambulation Index Form (PDF)
The AI is also available in the original journal article where it was first published, Hauser et al (1983).
General comments
Gait speed in general has been demonstrated to be a useful and reliable functional measure of walking ability. The AI is similar to and has been largely replaced by the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25-FW). While the AI uses an ordinal clinical rating of a performance category, the T25-FW measures the actual time needed to complete the task. When administering the AI, patients are allowed to use assistive devices (canes, crutches, walkers). In addition the rating scale has categories for patients who are unable to walk at all.
Psychometric properties
The AI has demonstrated good test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as good convergent validity. However, because of its more desirable psychometric properties, the 25-Foot Timed Walk has largely replaced the AI in clinical studies.


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Most of the time photographers opt for composites for creative purposes, but sometimes they're a necessity. Whatever the case may be, when shooting for a composite image, it's essential that the different scenes have consistent lighting. Photographer Robert Hall explains the process of photographing a composite using flash to easily execute the post-production process in Photoshop:
Hall needed to take an image of nine students standing separately in a wide-open space. If he'd used nine separate lights, it would've been really hard on the subjects. Further, the light spillage would have made the light stands appear all over the photo. He chose to use the composite technique to photograph the following image:
Steps to Create Composites
Align the Images
Working with composites can get tiring if you have to correct everything in post. It's a good idea to have as many things correct in-camera as possible. One variable to consider is the alignment of the images. Hall suggests the following tips to ensure proper alignment:
- Keep your camera still. Use a tripod and do not change it's position. It alsl helps to use a remote shutter release to fire the camera without shaking it.
- Turn off any in-body stabilization in the camera and optical stabilization in the lens. Otherwise, the system will try to compensate for shake that doesn't exist. This can cause the images to be misaligned.
- To make sure the camera doesn't hunt for focus after every frame, use manual focus mode. Hall focuses the images once on the closest subject and sets the camera to manual focus mode.
The room in which Hall was supposed to photograph had a lot of distracting elements. To prevent them from appearing in the final image, he underexposed the image and made the students pop using flash. Here's how he did it:
- To cut out most of the ambient light while still maintaining a greater depth of field, he set the aperture to f/8.
- A shutter speed of 1/250 second allowed him to cut out all of the ambient light.
- An ISO setting of 400 made the image bright enough without making the distractions visible.
Photographing the Group
Once Hall was happy with the settings, he positioned the students, making sure each was unobstructed. To light the subjects, he used a Glow EZ Lock Deep Parabolic soft-box with a grid. This ensured that he got a tight beam of light on the subjects without any spillage. He also used another eVOLV 200 with a honeycomb grid and a snoot for the rear light. Two assistants helped to carry these lights around from student to student after every shot.
"I always make sure to have the light above the subjects and pointing downward. That way, I keep the light consistent on every subject as well as cast all downward shadows. This means the shadows are going to hit the ground rather than all over the background."
He then photographed all the students individually in the position they were assigned. In the process, he made sure to take multiple images of every student with different poses and lighting setups. Once done with each student, he instructed them to move to the side so that he didn't have to work around them.
After Hall was done photographing the students, he used the key light to illuminate the other important aspects of the space, like the mascot and the sign at the top.
To make the image appear more natural, Hall placed his rear lights up at the ledge and took some shots to make the viewers feel comfortable about the rear lighting that the students had in their images.
And finally, Hall took an image of the empty space just to have an empty slate to work with during post-production.
Post Processing a Composite Image
Hall used Lightroom to adjust the exposure settings on his images them moved to Photoshop to blend them together. Here's how he did it:
- To make sure the ambience of the space looked the same in all the images, he adjusted the global adjustments uniformly. This made the exposure and the colors appear the same in all the images.
- When it came to adjusting the exposure on the individual students, he did it locally by using the brush tool. In the process, he made sure that all the students were illuminated uniformly.
- In Photoshop, he brought in all the images of the individual students to his empty slate (the picture of the empty room). For each layer, he retained the image of the students and some area around them. He did the same for the golden grizzly, the sign, and the four rear lights at the ledge.
- Once all the elements were in place and he was happy with the result, he did some final global adjustments like contrast and sharpening.
This technique comes in handy when you need to completely change the look of a space.
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Longitudinal Patterns of Marital Quality: The Case of Divorce, Cohabitation and Race-Ethnicity
Spencer L. James, Brigham Young University
This paper looks for evidence of differences in marital quality across major axes of familial and social stratification, including divorce status, cohabitation experience, and race-ethnicity. Previous work has often compared the overall or average level of marital quality between cohabitors and non-cohabitors, people whose marriages are headed for divorce and people whose marriages are stable for long periods of time, and members of varying race-ethnicities, but no work to my knowledge has examined differences in trajectories between these groups. The multigroup growth curves employed here make it possible to examine changes in marital quality over time in addition to measuring differences in levels of reported marital quality among cohabitors, divorcés, and members of different racial-ethnic groups. The results move beyond traditional representations of divorcés, cohabitors, and racial and ethnic minorities experiencing lower levels of marital quality than their continuously married, non-cohabiting, and White counterparts.
Presented in Poster Session 8


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Top 10 Articles
Possible Certainty: Or, The Skeptics Are Being Impossible
Certainty is possible, but it is a possible kind of certainty: We must form our concept of certainty based on the real needs and abilities of real human minds.
In this recorded webinar, presented on April 30, 2012, Alexander R. Cohen shows what certainty is and how we can attain it. Drawing on the Objectivist theory of concepts, he discusses justification and standards of proof. He explains the differences between possibilities and non-possibilities, and between each of these and impossibilities.
Format: 54-minute slide show with audio. 24 minutes lecture plus 30 minutes recorded question-and-answer.


Quick Answer: Why Does My Tummy Hurt After Eating Pineapple?
Why pineapple is bad for you?
Pineapple Risks and Warnings Because bromelain breaks down proteins, it can "eat away" at your flesh.
For this reason, it's also an ingredient in meat tenderizer.
But as soon as you swallow the fruit, your stomach acids destroy the flesh-eating enzyme.
Some people have an allergy to pineapple..
Can pineapple make you feel sick?
The juice from unripe pineapples can cause severe vomiting. Bromelain ingestion is associated with a low incidence of adverse reactions, including diarrhea, excess menstrual flow, nausea, skin rash, and vomiting. Swelling of the mouth and cheeks can result from eating large amounts of the fruit.
What foods are high in bromelain?
You can get papain and bromelain by eating raw papaya and pineapple, respectively. You can also buy these proteolytic enzymes in concentrated supplement form. Though pineapples and papayas are the most common sources of proteolytic enzymes, other dietary sources include ( 6, 7, 8 ):
Can pineapple give you tummy ache?
Can bromelain cause stomach pain?
Can you get sick from bad pineapple?
Pineapple food poisoning is possible. The skin of a pineapple can be contaminated by bacteria such as staphylococcus and then transferred to the edible parts when being cut. Staph food poisoning can occur as soon as 30 mins after eating and symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and stomach ache.
Why do pineapples eat you back?
Should I take bromelain on an empty stomach?
Your doctor may recommend that you take bromelain with meals in order to aid digestion, or on an empty stomach to reduce inflammation.
Why does my mouth hurt after eating pineapple?
The irritation is caused by a combination of enzymes in pineapples called bromelian, which break down proteins and essentially attack your tongue, cheeks, and lips on contact. … So if your mouth hurts after eating raw pineapple, you're not alone—it happens to virtually everyone.
What are the side effects of eating pineapple?
Can you be intolerant to pineapple?
You may have the symptoms of a pineapple allergy immediately after being exposed to the fruit, or it could take up to several hours for your first symptoms to appear. Intense itching and hives are often the first symptoms of an allergic reaction. Hives may show up on one or more places on your body.
How do you get rid of pineapple aftertaste?
Or pair the fruit with a creamy dairy product (yogurt, ice cream, crème fraîche). Not only will this taste very good, but it will also give the bromelain another protein to digest and help neutralize the pH. So go forth and eat as much pineapple as your little heart desires, fearlessly.
Does pineapples cause gas?
Some fruit juices such as pineapple, orange, and tomato are high in acid, which can irritate the gastrointestinal tract and result in swelling and bloating. So, water is your best bet when it comes to quenching your thirst. "Drinking enough water is key to helping reduce bloat," Dr. Shemek says.
Can I drink water after eating pineapple?
Can pineapple cause miscarriage?
How do you stop your tongue from hurting after eating pineapple?
However an episode of Netflix show Ugly Delicious asserts that salt water can help render the bromelain ineffective. Therefore, soaking a fruit in salt water is said to help stop the burning sensation.
What happens if I eat pineapple everyday?
So to sum up, eating pineapple is good for your body both inside and out – eating a few slices of fresh pineapple a day can defend your body from harmful free radicals and disease, help your digestion by cleaning the body's organs and blood, increase your energy intake and boost metabolism, nourish your hair, skin, …
What does pineapple do for a woman?
How do pineapples help you sexually?
Does pineapple make your VAG taste sweeter?
There's no scientific evidence to suggest that pineapple affects how your vagina smells or tastes.
What are the side effects of taking bromelain?
Side effects commonly associated with bromelain include abnormal uterine bleeding, diarrhea, drowsiness, heavy menstruation, increased heart rate, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting.


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can be re-detected using the new parameters.
Alternatively just a subset of the noise peaks can be manually re-classified as useful peaks. When entering an assignment (as described below) for a noise peak (initially TYPE 2 or 3), this will be automatically re-classified as normal (TYPE 1) peak.
By displaying the CLUSTID variable user can inspect the overlapping peaks (i.e. having same CLUSTID value, Figure 8)
By entering the Peak Edit mode (either from the Peak Menu or using the corresponding <%> or shortcut) users can manually add new peaks, modify any peak variable or manually remove some peaks classified as noise or artifacts from the peak table. The assignment variable "ASS" for all peaks in a new peak table contains a generic "None" value (Figure 9). These labels can be manually edited in the Peak Edit mode (effectively assigning the spectrum).
Anytime during peak assignment editing these labels can be displayed or hidden using the Show Labels or Erase labels commands either from the Peak Menu or by using their corresponding keyboard shortcuts "[" and "]". As with all modes, the Peak Edit mode displays the mouse button functions in the top window border (Figure 10).
For example, deleting characters from the labels is performed with or and deleting entire label is done using . After an assignment is typed and the key is pressed, the new label value is saved in the assignment table. After each such editing a single backup copy of the table is generated, each time overwriting the previous version, therefore the table can be saved with different names if different stages of such a manual label editing need to be stored (Figure 11).
CHAPTER 5. How to superimpose existing assignments on a peak table
Once a spectrum was assigned, its assignments can be mapped onto an unassigned peak table using the Tcl script ipap.tcl. For example, the assignments of a 2D H-N HSQC spectrum can be used to automatically assign 2D H(N)CO or 3D HNCO spectra, or both the upfield and lowfield components of a coupled 2D H-N HSQC or IPAP spectrum.
The script will search in a closed vicinity of the assigned peaks and if a unique peak is found this can be automatically assigned. The dimension of the searching vicinity is adjustable and can be optimized by trial and error to maximize the number of automatic assignments. The remaining degenerate cases (e.g. overlapping peaks) can be manually assigned after user inspection.
An example is provided with the NMRPipe package. The conversion, processing, and analysis schemes described here require the latest version of the NMRPipe software system.
The example data can be found in the file ipap.tar.Z in the demo data collection. The example directory, called ipap_nhsqc.fid, can be extracted with the (UNIX) command:
zcat ipap.tar.Z | tar xvf –
After converting and processing the data in the usual way (using the provided fid.com and procgauss.com scripts), the user can inspect all the options and syntax of the ipap.tcl program issuing the ipap.tcl command with the "-help" option ("ipap.tcl -help").
The program provides input options of a coupling constant in any dimension, multiplet peak description via a common or individual peak offsets, adjustable search regions, chemical shift offsets and a customizable graphical interface for inspection and eventual adjustment of the automatically mapped assignments.
The example provides a typical automatic assignment mapping for extracting isotropic (J) and residual dipolar (D) couplings from the sum and difference of in-phase/anti-phase (IPAP) spectra using a previously assigned 2D H-N HSQC. The peak positions correspond to the previously assigned HSQC peaks shifted by +/- J/2 or +/- (J+D)/2 in the indirect dimension of the isotropic or aligned spectra respectively.
The program opens a main window (IPAP) containing the graphical interface and an additional window (Changes) that allows navigation across assigned peaks. The Changes window is synchronized with the main window: a click on any assignment will center the spectrum in the main window on that particular assignment (and the neighboring peaks, candidates for assignment mapping, will be also displayed).
In the main IPAP window, display of any of the two spectra to be assigned (color coded white/blue) can be switched off/on by checking their selection boxes on the top line. Similar, the peak labels belonging to each spectrum can be switched off/on from their selection boxes on the top line. The same applies to the source assignment label (to be mapped), situated in this case in the middle of the two mapped assignment labels (color coded red for the selected assignment and yellow for the others). The threshold level (first drawn contour level) displayed in the top line can be increased or decreased using the "+/-" buttons and the spectra can be re-drawn using the Draw button.
The functions of the 3 mouse buttons are displayed on the top window bar (similar to any nmrPipe graphical programs). Peaks can be selected with a left-click (Select) and their automatic (mapped) assignments can be reset using a right-click (Reset). Subsequently any selected peak will get the current assignment (selected in the Changes window). In the case of overlapping assignment labels in the main window, the obstructing label can be send to back (underneath the obstructed label) using a middle-click (Lower).
In the Changes window the Prev and Next buttons are used to navigate sequentially the assignment list and the Reset button will reset both assignments simultaneously. The assignments can be saved at any moment using the Save button and program may be exited using the Quit button.
CHAPTER 6. How to fit a 2D spectrum, evaluate the fit, and revise a peak table accordingly
In many spectroscopic applications the evolution of a particular characteristic (linewidth, intensity, volume etc.) of a peak needs to be evaluated in a series of spectra acquired while a parameter is varied (e.g. relaxation delay, spin coupling evolution delay, etc.).
The NMRPipe package provides tools for extraction of evolution curves for peak intensities across 2D spectral series and fitting those curves with different functional forms.
Example: 2D J-Modulated Spectral Series
The first example provided with the NMRPipe package demonstrates two methods for extracting evolution curves from a 2D spectral series, in this case a 2D J-modulated spectral series. The scalar coupling (J) is encoded in the peak amplitudes and let to evolve under a variable delay tau in the pulse sequence of a 2D series of spectra. In both cases, the evolution of a given peak's amplitude is extracted, and this evolution curve is later fitted to a damped sinusoid model with a frequency corresponding to the J coupling.
The conversion, processing, and analysis schemes described here require the latest version of the NMRPipe software system.
The example data can be found in the file jmod.tar.Z in the demo data collection. The example directory, called jmod, can be extracted with the (UNIX) command:
zcat jmod.tar.Z | tar xvf –
The experimental data contains JCH modulated series (JCaHa ~ 141 ± 8 Hz). Two scripts will automatically process the data:
demo1.com: extract peak heights by Fourier interpolation; this method is quick, but does not account for peak overlap. This demo also fits each evolution curve to a sinusoid, and generates a PostScript plot of each result.
demo2.com: extract evolution curves by pseudo-3D lineshape fitting, which accounts for peak overlap. It also displays evolution curves on the screen, with the option of fitting the current curve to a sinusoid.
Other output directories:
nJ J0 dJ0 amp0 [J1 dJ1 amp1...] damp dDamp pkID xPPM yPPM ass
In this case options are:
The "-gsin" option refers to the Gauss Damped Sinusoid function:
amp*exp(sign*alpha^2 * x^2)*sin(PI*(beta*x + phi))
so the coupling constant JCH corresponds to the beta variable and the expected value of this fitted variable should be given as a starting value for the fit (e.g. ~145 Hz or ~290 Hz etc.)
During display of evolution curves by showEvolve.tcl there is an option to save the results as a table.
Scripts and macros:
CHAPTER 7. How to fit pseudo 3D spectra
Example: 2D Relaxation Series
This example is also provided with the NMRPipe package to show a method for extracting evolution curves from a 2D relaxation spectral series. The relaxation time (T1, T2 or T1ρ) is encoded in the peak amplitudes and let to evolve under a variable delay tau in the pulse sequence of a 2D series of spectra (pseudo 3D spectrum). The evolution of a given peak's amplitude is extracted and this evolution curve is later fitted to an exponential model with a decay rate corresponding to the relaxation time.
The conversion, processing, and analysis schemes described here require the latest version of the NMRPipe software system.
The example data can be found in the file relax.tar.Z in the demo data collection. The example directory, called relax, can be extracted with the (UNIX) command:
zcat relax.tar.Z | tar xvf –
The experimental data contains T1 relaxation time series.
Note: proc.com uses scripts fid.com and ft2.com to convert and process each spectrum in the series. proc.com sets the header of the result spectra via series.com so that


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Is there any documentation or evidence of anyone finding gold in California before the discovery at Sutter's Mill in 1848?
The Spanish DID come to the New World to find Gold, and other things, but while I always thought they came across it much earlier than they did it looks like that was not so. At least in the province of California:
When James Wilson Marshall found gold in the tailrace of Sutter's mill on January 24, 1848, he was not the first to come across this much sought mineral in California. As early as 1816, there were reports of gold in the Spanish province of California. Reports and rumors of gold persisted, but it was not until 1842 that there was a real gold rush in the future Golden State. Either late in 1841 or early in 1842, Francisco Lopez, majordomo of the San Fernando Rancho, and a companion were in search of some stray cattle in the mountains near the ranch. Becoming tired they dismounted to rest in San Feliciano Canyon. Here Lopez whipped out his knife to dig some wild onions to eat, and in the earth clinging to them he found particles of what appeared to him to be gold. Using his knife he continued to mine in the vicinity and found additional alluvial gold deposits.
The original source is from the California Department of Conservation, learn something new every day..


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Colour photograph of Sylvia Boyes with a group of children standing in front of an aeroplane before she departed South Africa, 1969. Sylvia was following Lindsay Motherwell to London so they could get married.
Sylvia Boyes (a South African-born orphan) and Lindsay Motherwell (a Melbourne-born drummer) met in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 through their theatre connections. They fell in love but due to apartheid laws were forced to leave South Africa to marry in London. They subsequently relocated permanently to Melbourne in 1970.
Description of Content
Young womanwearing a pink suit, holding a bouquet of yellow flowers with a group of children in front of her. They are standing in front of an aeroplane.
Statement of Historical Significance:
This collection provides a significant opportunity to represent political and personal freedom as a motivation for migrating to Australia within the international context of both apartheid in South Africa and the end of the White Australia policy in Australia. The personal narrative is well documented and the objects provide a material way to follow the lives of both Lindsay and Sylvia, both separately and where they coincide in South Africa and onwards together to Melbourne. While this is ultimately a love story, it plays out through the collection against the backdrop of apartheid South Africa, sixties London and an increasingly multicultural Australia.
Hand written inscription on reverse:'so long farewell/we hate to see you/go'
Type of item
89 mm (Width), 89 mm (Height)


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Ventilation important in high tunnels
University of Missouri Extension regional horticulture specialist James Quinn talked about side ventilation in high tunnels at a recent workshop at MU's Bradford Research and Extension Center.
Quinn began his work with high tunnels at Mizzou in 2003. High tunnels have become popular in the past decade as a way for produce farmers to extend their growing season and maximize profits.
Quinn said that drop-down sides on high tunnels need more than a single sheet of plastic for ground-to-ground cover and are easier to use. Roll-up sides require only one sheet, but plants near the edge of the high tunnel can be stunted.
"Bigger is better for side ventilation," Quinn said. High tunnels warm quickly; one vent open downwind is good for less cooling while opening both sides allows for more cooling. He recommended that growers invest in a "max/min" thermometer to aid in keeping the crop within its preferred growing temperature. High tunnels require frequent checking-up to three times per day in variable-weather periods.
Floating row covers offer additional frost protection, but growers should note that temperatures could soar underneath the cover and that higher humidity resulting from the use of row covers could increase the likelihood of disease.
As the growing season progresses, sides may be left open at all times once outside temperatures remain at 60 degrees or higher at night. A shade cloth should be added at the end of May and remain through September, Quinn said. A 50 percent shade cloth improves the quality of tomatoes without reducing yield.
Ventilation in the peak creates a chimney effect that aids cooling in the summer. Full ridge vents are preferable, he said, but add material and labor costs to the high tunnel.
Quinn said frost-damaged tomatoes can recover quickly. Temporary heat can provide relief. Don't cut lettuce and salad greens immediately after mild frost damage, he said. They will recover on their own.
Amish farmers near Clark, Missouri have wind powered double covering for their hightunnels, said Jim Jarman agronomy specialists. Where electricity is available, hightunnel growers use ventilators to inflate the space between double covering for insulation, Jarman said. The wind powered double covering inflators are claimed to make the hightunnel structure stronger, he said. During damaging storms, wind powered double covered hightunnels resisted damage. Evidently the stronger the wind blew, the stronger the wind powered double coverings.
For more information on high tunnels, go to _URL_ and enter "high tunnels" in the search box.
Information about high tunnel research is also available at _URL_, a joint effort of MU Extension, Kansas State Research and Extension, and University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension.
This news release is part of a five-part series on high tunnel production. For the complete series, go to _URL_.
Source: James Quinn, _PHONE_ & Jim Jarman, _PHONE_


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Governor O'Malley convened a P–20 STEM Task force in September 2008 to discuss the state of STEM Education in Maryland. He charged this Task Force with making recommendations aimed at establishing Maryland as a global leader in the development of its workforce of the future and its STEM-based research and economic development infrastructure. In August 2009, the STEM Task Force released their final report. In this report, the STEM Task Force made seven recommendations in response to the Governor's charge. These recommendations include:
- Aligning P-12 STEM curriculum with college requirements and workplace expectations in order to prepare all students for postsecondary success.
- Tripling the number of teachers in STEM shortage areas who are prepared in Maryland programs, increase their five-year retention rate from an estimated 50% to 75%, and enhance the STEM preparation and aptitudes for elementary and early childhood teachers.
- Ensuring that all P-20 mathematics and science teachers have the knowledge and skills to help all students successfully complete the college and career-ready curriculum.
- Providing STEM internships, co-ops, or lab experiences for all interested high school and college students to jump-start their successful transition to the workplace.
- Increase the number of STEM college graduates by 40% from the present level of 4,400 graduates by 2015.
- Boosting Maryland's global competitiveness by supporting research and entrepreneurship.
- Creating Maryland's STEM Innovation Network to make STEM resources available to all.
Investing in STEM to Secure Maryland's Future


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Position weight matrix
A position weight matrix (PWM), also known as a position-specific weight matrix (PSWM) or position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), is a commonly used representation of motifs (patterns) in biological sequences.
PWMs are often derived from a set of aligned sequences that are thought to be functionally related and have become an important part of many software tools for computational motif discovery.
The position weight matrix was introduced by American geneticist Gary Stormo and colleagues in 1982 as an alternative to consensus sequences. Consensus sequences had previously been used to represent patterns in biological sequences, but had difficulties in the prediction of new occurrences of these patterns. The first use of PWMs was in the discovery of RNA sites that function as translation initiation sites. The perceptron algorithm was suggested by Polish American mathematician Andrzej Ehrenfeucht in order to create a matrix of weights which could distinguish true binding sites from other non-functional sites with similar sequences. Training the perceptron on both sets of sites resulted in a matrix and a threshold to distinguish between the two sets. Using the matrix to scan new sequences not included in the training set showed that this method was both more sensitive and precise than the best consensus sequence.
The advantages of PWMs over consensus sequences have made PWMs a popular method for representing patterns in biological sequences and an essential component in modern algorithms for motif discovery.
From Sequences to PWM
A PWM has one row for each symbol of the alphabet: 4 rows for nucleotides in DNA sequences or 20 rows for amino acids in protein sequences. It also has one column for each position in the pattern. In the first step in constructing a PWM, A basic position frequency matrix (PFM) is created by counting the occurrences of each nucleotide at each position. From the PFM, a position probability matrix (PPM) can be created by dividing the nucleotide count at each position by the number of sequences, and then normalising. Formally, given a set X of N aligned sequences of length l, the elements of the PPM M are calculated:
where i (1,...,N), j (1,...,l), k is the set of symbols in the alphabet and I(a=k) is an indicator function where I(a=k) is 1 if a=k and 0 otherwise.
For example, given the following DNA sequences:
the corresponding PFM is:
and therefore the resulting PPM is:
Both PPMs and PWMs assume statistical independence between positions in the pattern, as the probabilities for each position are calculated independently of other positions. From the definition above, it follows that the sum of values for a particular position (that is, summing over all symbols) is 1. Each column can therefore be regarded as an independent multinomial distribution. This makes it easy to calculate the probability of a sequence given a PPM, by multiplying the relevant probabilities at each position. For example, the probability of the sequence S = GAGGTAAAC given the above PPM M can be calculated:
Pseudocounts (or Laplace estimators) are often applied when calculating PPMs if based on a small dataset, in order to avoid matrix entries having a value of 0. This is equivalent to multiplying each column of the PPM by a Dirichlet distribution and allows the probability to be calculated for new sequences (that is, sequences which were not part of the original dataset). In the example above, without pseudocounts, any sequence which did not have a G in the 4th position or a T in the 5th position would have a probability of 0, regardless of the other positions.
Creating the PWM
Most often the elements in PWMs are calculated as log likelihoods. That is, the elements of the PWM are transformed using a background model so that:
The simplest background model assumes that each letter appears equally frequently in the dataset. That is, the value of for all symbols in the alphabet (0.25 for nucleotides and 0.05 for amino acids). Applying this transformation to the PPM M from above (with no pseudocounts added) gives:
The entries in the matrix make clear the advantage of adding pseudocounts, especially when using small datasets to construct M. The background model need not have equal values for each symbol: for example, when studying organisms with a high GC-content, the values for C and G may be increased with a corresponding decrease for the A and T values.
When the PWM elements are calculated using log likelihoods, the score of a sequence can be calculated by adding (rather than multiplying) the relevant values at each position in the PWM. The sequence score gives an indication of how different the sequence is from a random sequence. The score is 0 if the sequence has the same probability of being a functional site and of being a random site. The score is greater than 0 if it is more likely to be a functional site than a random site, and less than 0 if it is more likely to be a random site than a functional site. The sequence score can also be interpreted in a physical framework as the binding energy for that sequence.
Information content of a PWM
The self-information of observing a particular symbol at a particular position of the motif is:
The expected (average) self-information of a particular element in the PWM is then:
Finally, the IC of the PWM is then the sum of the expected self-information of every element:
Often, it is more useful to calculate the information content with the background letter frequencies of the sequences you are studying rather than assuming equal probabilities of each letter (e.g., the GC-content of DNA of thermophilic bacteria range from 65.3 to 70.8, thus a motif of ATAT would contain much more information than a motif of CCGG). The equation for information content thus becomes
where is the background frequency for that letter. This corresponds to the Kullback–Leibler divergence or relative entropy. However, it has been shown that when using PSSM to search genomic sequences (see below) this uniform correction can lead to overestimation of the importance of the different bases in a motif, due to the uneven distribution of n-mers in real genomes, leading to a significantly larger number of false positives.
There are various algorithms to scan for hits of PWMs in sequences. One example is the MATCH algorithm which has been implemented in the ModuleMaster. More sophisticated algorithms for fast database searching with nucleotide as well as amino acid PWMs/PSSMs are implemented in the possumsearch software and are described by Beckstette, et al. (2006).
- Stormo, Gary D.; Schneider, Thomas D.; Gold, Larry; Ehrenfeucht, Andrzej (1982). "Use of the 'Perceptron' algorithm to distinguish translational initiation sites in E. coli". Nucleic Acids Research 10 (9): 2997–3011. doi:10.1093/nar/10.9.2997.
- Stormo, G. D. (1 January 2000). "DNA binding sites: representation and discovery". Bioinformatics 16 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/16.1.16. PMID _PHONE_.
- Sinha, S. (27 July 2006). "On counting position weight matrix matches in a sequence, with application to discriminative motif finding". Bioinformatics 22 (14): e454–e463. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl227.
- Xia, Xuhua (2012). "Position Weight Matrix, Gibbs Sampler, and the Associated Significance Tests in Motif Characterization and Prediction". Scientifica 2012: 1–15. doi:10.6064/2012/917540.
- Guigo, Roderic. "An Introduction to Position Specific Scoring Matrices". _URL_. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- Nishida, K.; Frith, M. C.; Nakai, K. (23 December 2008). "Pseudocounts for transcription factor binding sites". Nucleic Acids Research 37 (3): 939–944. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1019.
- Aleksandrushkina NI, Egorova LA (1978). "Nucleotide makeup of the DNA of thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus". Mikrobiologiia 47 (2): 250–2. PMID 661633.
- Erill I, O'Neill MC (2009). "A reexamination of information theory-based methods for DNA-binding site identification". BMC Bioinformatics 10: 57. doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-57. PMC _PHONE_. PMID _PHONE_.
- Kel AE, et al. (2003). "MATCHTM: a tool for searching transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences". Nucleic Acids Research 31 (13): 3576–3579. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg585. PMC 169193. PMID _PHONE_.
- Wrzodek, Clemens; Schröder, Adrian; Dräger, Andreas; Wanke, Dierk; Berendzen, Kenneth W.; Kronfeld, Marcel; Harter, Klaus; Zell, Andreas (9 October 2009). "ModuleMaster: A new tool to decipher transcriptional regulatory networks". Biosystems (Ireland: Elsevier) 99 (1): 79–81. doi:10.1016/j.bios


How Pliers
How Pliers
Size: Tip 1/8 Inches (3.2 mm)
Dental Instruments
SKU: 2653 Category:
How pliers have sure-hold serrated gripping tips and non-contacting bowed jaws that won't pinch the patient's lip. Tips are 1/8 inch diameter (3.2 mm). How orthodontic pliers are considered general utility pliers and are used for a variety of tasks, they are especially designed for grasping auxiliary attachments inside the mouth. The tips are rounded for patient comfort and safety and are often serrated for superior grip. How style pliers used for multiple tasks.
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Today's mystery bird for you to identify
What on Earth are these two Peruvian mystery birds doing in this photograph?
Mystery Bird photographed in Chaparrí reserve, Lambayeque Department in northwestern Peru (South America). [I will identify this bird in 49 or so hours]
Image: Nick Athanas/Tropical Birding, 28 February 2012 (with permission, for GrrlScientist/Guardian use only) [velociraptorise].
Canon EOS 7D
Question: This striking pair of Peruvian mystery birds are very similar to congener who shares its range. What is the identity of that congener? How can you distinguish the two species? Can you identify this mystery bird's taxonomic family and species? Incidentally, what do you suppose these two birds are doing in this photograph?
The Game:
The Rules:
4. Comments that spoil others' enjoyment may be deleted.
twitter: _USER_
facebook: grrlscientist
Pinterest: grrlscientist


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Agricultural co-operation has long been recognised as an important institution in the development of Western Australia's agricultural sector. Charles Harper (1842 – 1912) has long been considered the founding father of agricultural co-operation in Western Australia. Harper was instrumental in founding the Western Australian Co-operative Producers' Union in 1902 which, among other things, eventually became Wesfarmers Ltd. Harper was also a long standing member of Parliament, a newspaperman, an explorer, a founder of schools, a philanthropist, and an agricultural experimentalist. He was also able to pass his legacy on to his son Walter who led the co-operative movement after Harper senior's death in 1912 and saw to its integration into the mainstream of Western Australian political and economic systems. In considering Harper's contribution to the economic and social development of Western Australia, it is difficult to determine the extent to which his economic thinking in relation to co-operation or other economic questions conformed to such socialistic ideas represented by Owenite Co-operation or Colonial Socialism. Harper was neither a protectionist nor a free trader. Indeed, in this paper, I will discuss Harper's position in relation to a number of economic questions – tariffs, dumping, fair trade, land alienation - with a view to showing that Harper was a pragmatist focused on economic development and determined to place all resources and apply all leavers, regardless of source and political niceties, toward that end.
Gilchrist, D. (2010). Antipodean Owenite or colonial socialist: Charles Harper's economic thought. Paper presented at the History of Economic Thought Society of Australia Conference. University of Sydney, NSW, 7-9 July.


Chile Google Map
This image shows the draft map of Chile, South America. For more details of the map of Chile, please see this page below. This image shows the location of Chile, South America. For more geographical details of Chile, please see this page below. This image shows the flag of Chile, South America. For more details of the flag of Chile, please see this page below.
Borderline map of Chile Location map of Chile Flag of Chile
Chile Google map
Google maps and detailed facts of Chile (CI). This page enables you to explore Chile and its border countries (Country Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, Argentina, and Peru) through detailed Satellite imagery – fast and easy as never before Google maps.
There is also Street View and free Driving Directions at your service. Your Google Satellite Map Sightseeing in Chile, in South America, starts here at Driving Directions and
Chile Google Maps & Satellite Maps
The Google map above shows Chile with its location: South America (geographic coordinates: 30 00 S, 71 00 W) and the international borders of Chile; total: 7,801 km. Border countries (total: 3): Argentina 6,691 km, Bolivia 942 km, Peru 168 km; furthermore, it's inland counties boundaries.
The map of Chile, South America, is for informational use only. No representation is made or warrantied given any map or its content by Driving Directions and Maps site. The user assumes all risks of using this Chile Google map and facts/wiki.
About Chile in detail
Where is Chile?
Chile, in case, if you are looking on the map under the Coordinates 33 27 S 70 40 W otherwise in South America, in Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru.
What is the capital city of Chile?
The capital city of Chile is Santiago.
What is the time in Santiago?
It is 2 hours ahead of Washington, D.C. during Standard Time; Santiago's timezone is UTC-3.
What is the Internet code for Chile?
The Top Level Domain (TLD) for Chile is:.cl
What is the size of Chile?
The territory of Chile is total: 756,102 sq km; land: 743,812 sq km, water: 12,290 sq km.
If we want to describe the size of Chile's territory is somewhat smaller than twice the size of Montana.
If we would like to walk around and discover Chile, we can cover a total distance: 7,801 km.
What is the water coverage of Chile?
We have already mentioned what Chile percentage is covered by water (see below), and this includes a 6,435 km coastline.
What is the climate like in Chile?
Chile's climate is temperate: a desert in the north: the Mediterranean in the central region: cold and damp in the south.
Geographical data of Chile
Chile's elevation; mean elevation: 1,871 m, elevation extremes; lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m, highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m.
Chile's specific geographical details include low coastal mountains, fertile central valley, and the rugged Andes in the east.
Suppose we would like to describe the countries location from a different perspective. In that case, it is safe to say, and easy to read from a map, Chile is the longest north-south trending country in the world, extending across 39 degrees of latitude; strategic location relative to sea lanes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert – the driest desert in the world – spreads across the northern part of the country; the crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m).
Resources and land use of Chile
The country's main mined products are copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower. The population partly uses the earlier highlighted land territory and partly left in its natural state: agricultural land: 21.1%; arable land 1.7%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 18.8%; forest: 21.9%; other: 57% (2011 estimate).
Population data of Chile
The number of inhabitants of Chile is 17,650,114 (July 2016 estimate).
If we examine the proportion of the population distribution, it is safe to say that 90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around Santiago's capital; the far north (anchored by the Atacama Desert) and the extreme south are relatively underpopulated.
If we look at the proportion of the urbanized and barely populated areas, these are the figures: urban population: 89.5% of the total population (2015).
Most of the population in Chile is concentrated in SANTIAGO (capital) 6.507 million; Valparaiso 907,000; Concepcion 816,000 (2015).
Ethnicity in Chile
According to ethnicity details, the ethnic groups are white and non-indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 estimate).
Spoken languages in Chile
The spoken languages in Chile are the following: Spanish 99.5% (official language), English 10.2%, indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%. Note shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2012 estimate).
What are the most important religions in Chile?
According to this, during the general census, researchers examine the churches: Roman Catholic 66.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 3.4%, none 11.5%, unspecified 1.1% (2012 estimate).
Further population data of Chile
The proportion of gender and age tells a lot about the society as follows 0-14 years: 20.27% (male 1,825,115 / female 1,751,977) 15-24 years: 15.45% (male 1,391,522 / female 1,335,933) 25-54 years: 43.17% (male 3,804,037 / female 3,816,114) 55-64 years: 10.6% (male 880,014 / female 990,969) 65 years and over: 10.51% (male 776,340 / female 1,078,093) (2016 estimate). It also a significant factor in a society the population growth rate, which in the case of Chile is 0.8% (2016 estimate).
The population growth rate is based on two elements, the birth, and the death rate. In Chile the birth rate is 13.7 births / 1,000 population (2016 estimate), the death rate 6.1 deaths / 1,000 population (2016 estimate).
In this day and age in developed societies, the first child borns later compared to the previous centuries and decades, so childbearing is extended. In Chile, the average age of mothers at the first childbirth is N/A.
Although the children's birth is postponed in the best-case scenario, the parents can still see their kids grow as life expectancy also extended. In the case of Chile, these figures are. With the introduction of modern medicine, vaccinations, and the proper hygienic conditions, the infant mortality rate is in a steep decline. The infant mortality statistics in Chile are the following: N/A. Relevant data is the budget of healthcare, which is in the case of this country is 7.8% of GDP (2014).
Economic data of Chile
Suppose we would like to describe a country. We also have to mention its economy; Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy, giving it the most robust sovereign bond rating in South America. From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite the slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 1.7% in 2016. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experieChile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile has 22 trade agreements covering 60 countries, including agreements with the EU, Mercosur.
The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, accumulating surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allowing deficit spending only during periods of low coIn 2014, President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile's.
GDP is a prominent figure, as all the relevant calculations and statistics are based


text:
CLAM: Cognitive Learning Activities and Manual by Leslie McKerns
Price: $7.95 USD. 13250 words.
Published on October 7, 2012..
Teachers, Home Schoolers and Parents: Keep Your Kids Happy as a Clam while Learning! CLAM (Cognitive Learning Activities & Manual) is for grades 2-7, with more advanced level activities taking it into grade 8. Perfect for home schooling and enrichment programs. Filled with craft activity resources to make learning fun.


text:
The Shukhov radio tower (Russian: Шуховская башня), also known as the Shabolovka tower, is a broadcasting tower in Moscow designed by Vladimir Shukhov. The 160-metre-high free-standing steel diagrid structure was built in the period 1920–1922, during the Russian Civil War. It is a hyperboloid structure (hyperbolic steel gridshell).
Due to its diagrid structure, the steel shell of the Shukhov Tower experiences minimum wind load (the main hazard for high-rising buildings). The tower sections are single-cavity hyperboloids of rotation made of straight beams, the ends of which rest against circular foundations.
The tower is located a few kilometres south of the Moscow Kremlin, but is not accessible to tourists. The street address of the tower is "Shabolovskaya Street, 37", hence the tower's informal name "Shabolovka, 37".
See also
- Vladimir Shukhov
- Hyperboloid structure
- List of Hyperboloid structures
- Shukhov tower on the Oka River
- Constructivist architecture
- List of towers
- Lord Foster fires up campaign to save Shukhov Tower: _URL_
- P.Gössel, G.Leuthäuser, E.Schickler; "Architecture in the 20th century"; Taschen Verlag; 1990; ISBN 3-8228-4123-4.
- Elizabeth C. English, "Arkhitektura i mnimosti": The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition", a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
- "Vladimir G. Suchov _PHONE_. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.", Rainer Graefe und andere, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9.
- Jesberg, Paulgerd Die Geschichte der Bauingenieurkunst, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Germany), ISBN 3-421-03078-2, 1996; pp. 198–9.
- Ricken, Herbert Der Bauingenieur, Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin (Germany), ISBN 3-345-00266-3, 1994; pp. 230.
- Picon, Antoine (dir.), "L'art de l'ingenieur : constructeur, entrepreneur, inventeur", Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1997, ISBN 2-85850-911-5
- Fausto Giovannardi "Vladimir Shukhov e la leggerezza dell'acciaio" at _URL_
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shukhov tower|
- Shukhov Tower in Moscow - video
- The Shukhov's Radio Tower
- International campaign to save the Shukhov Tower in Moscow
- Shukhov Towers in Google Maps
- Shuhovskaya Tower at Structurae
- 3D model of the Shukhov Tower
- Views of the hyperboloid tower
- Invention of Hyperboloid Structures
- Shukhov Tower Foundation


text:
This is the one present wrapping, life-hacking technique you need to learn because it's going to make life so much easier. With christmas on it's way here's how you can wrap a present in six easy steps:
Step 1: First you need to get hold of that present and put it on the paper.
Put it down diagonally so the two corners are touching the edges of the paper.
Step 2: Begin to fold the corners inwards.
Step 3: Apply some tape for good measure.
Step 4: Fold it and flip it over.
Step 5: Keep going, almost there.
Step 6: Finished. Now apply even more tape like an absolute boss.
You are done!.
Images via Buzzfeed


text:
XK-8 Convertible (X100) V8-4.0L (AJ27) (2001)
Engine Control Module: Diagram Information and Instructions
Abbreviations and Acronyms
The following abbreviations are used throughout this Electrical Guide:
Audio Control Protocol Network
Controller Area Network
COUPE Coupe Vehicles
North American Specification
Rest of World
Standard Corporate Protocol Network
Vehicle Identification Number
Vehicle Identification Numbers
Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN)
VIN ranges are presented throughout the diagrams in the following manner:
->VIN 123456 indicates "up to VIN 123456"
VIN 123456 ->indicates "from VIN 123456 on".
Electrical System Architecture
XK Electrical System Architecture
The XK system "architecture" incorporates two data networks: a controller area network (CAN) for the engine, drive train and related systems, and a
standard corporate protocol network (SCP) for the body systems. Any vehicle subsystem depicted on the figures with the CAN or SCP included uses data
derived from the network, or transmits data via the network to achieve control. Messages for both networks are cataloged in Computers and Controls /
Information Bus / Description and Operation.
When appropriate, the user will be referred to these messages by a note on the Data page. In addition to the two networks, the XK uses a serial data bus
(ISO) for diagnostics and for the programming of certain control modules.
The XK uses both power and logic grounds; however, it does not use a common logic ground stud connection as in previous vehicles.
Electrical Diagram Layout


Montenegro Letter Writing GuideEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 18:31, 23 July 2008 by Pysnaks (Talk | contribs)
In order to get genealogical information from Montenegro, it is necessary to determine where the records you need are located. To do this you first write to the archive to inquire where the records are. After receiving a reply you send a letter to the address given to you by the archive. It may be possible for you to get information by writing. However, you can expect to wait several months for a reply and it is also quite possible, that you will not receive an answer.
Following are two sample letters to guide you in writing genealogical inquiries. Type or clearly print your letter using these sample letters as a guide.
Use Sample letter A as a guide to write a letter asking where the records are located. Include two International Reply Coupons in your letter to cover their postage costs in answering you. You can obtain International Reply Coupons at your post office. The answer should include the address of the archive or registry office where the records you need are located.
Upon receiving the needed address, use Sample letter B to write a letter to the place where the records are kept. Again include two International Reply Coupons.
Please note the following when writing your letters:
Write dates in day-month-year order. For example: 12. aprila 1844 / oko [about] 1844. The names of months are not capitalized. The months in the possessive form used in writing dates are:
januara, februara, marta, aprila, maja, juna, jula, avgusta, septembra, oktobra, novembra, decembra.
Roman Catholic
Greek Catholic
Sample Letter A
Državni arhiv Crne Gore
Novice Cerovića 2
81250 Cetinje
Dragi Gospodine/Gospodjo!
Moj predak je rodjen [rodjena if the ancestor was a female] u Crnoj Gori.
Datum rodjenja:
Rodno mesto:
Želio bih da saznam podatke o njegovom (njezinom if the ancestor was a female) datumu rodjenja i venčanja. Takodje bih želio da saznam podatke o roditeljima moga predka. Molim Vas možete li mi napisati gde mogu da dobijem spomenute informacije?
Uz pozdrav і poštovanje,
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Did you find this article helpful?


Plat Modifications – Building Insider Magazine
BIA | Building Insider Magazine
Volume XXXIII, Issue 2
As more and more redevelopment is undertaken within some of the more seasoned areas of the central Ohio community, questions arise and issues are presented when redevelopment requires modification to an existing plat. Significant questions and issues arise particularly where the plats date to early in the nineteenth century, and contain limited information, are difficult to read, and lack precise dimensions. A common example of this occurs when two smaller and older existing residential homes are acquired and razed for the purpose of building a larger more opulent structure across both existing lots. Assuming the same occurs within a platted subdivision, there are not only zoning issues regarding setback lines, but there is also the distinct likelihood that platted setback lines and utility easements which were originally intended to only encumber the perimeter of the lots would now run through the centerline of the combined lots. Many times these subtleties are not appreciated during the planning processes and only occur after the title company produces the plat or when the governing authority rejects the plan submission. Fortunately, many governing authorities including both municipalities and counties have attempted to simplify the process for adjusting a plat to accommodate the newly intended use. However, before reviewing the options that may be available, the issue needs to be presented.
Recall, that a plat is tantamount to a restriction filed of record – it is not in and of itself a zoning restriction or zoning issue. Thus, modifying a plat requires the same type of undertaking as modifying a set of restrictive covenants except, unlike a set of restrictive covenants which typically provide a threshold and process by which an amendment may be undertaken, the plat documents themselves almost uniformly do not provide such a process. If it were not for specific ordinances promulgated by the various governing authorities that allow for an expedited process, an argument could be made that a full plat modification would need to be undertaken. This may require serving all property owners that are subject to the plat itself. This can be particularly disconcerting if the applicable governing authority has no specific ordinance that would permit the expedited process for addressing the same.
In the central Ohio area, Delaware County has a specific ordinance (205.06) that provides for an administrative process to accomplish plat modifications. It (as do other similar ordinances passed by other counties) generally requires a review by the County Engineer to assure that any utilities that might be located within any such easement are properly relocated prior to a plat modification and that any proposed modification to the setback line(s) would not create an inconsistency within the neighborhood. However, once determined and if recommended, direct action may be taken on the matter by the County Commissioners without any further direct notice to all of the residents of the subdivision. Franklin County, on the other hand, does not seem to have a firm policy on revisions to recorded plats. They are reviewed on a "case by case" basis. The guiding rule is, provided there are no boundary changes to the plat, that they may permit the same through an actual zoning variance as opposed to a plat amendment approved by the County Commissioners.
Not all counties are as receptive to the concept. Fairfield County has County subdivision regulations that deal with (as most do) and regulate the amendment of a recorded plat, but it requires that all plats be approved by the Regional Planning Commission at one of its monthly meetings without exception.
As always, we as an industry want the excitement of building a new home to bring joy to the customers. However, be wary when undertaking a redevelopment where lots will be assembled within an existing subdivision and building structures constructed over old lot lines. You should immediately research the governing authority's requirements to eliminate existing easements or setback lines that would otherwise encumber the newly constructed home. There is nothing worse than being in the unenvious position of bickering with a title company at a closing over what can be done to ensure your customer would not suffer from the failure to undertake the same (sadly, that discussion usually ends with seller/builder providing substantial indemnification which typically remains in place until a post-closing resolution can be provided – if such an option is even made available). As always, be cautious.


There also exist other sources of power like HEP especially at stiegleis Gorge. These will provide power for the iron and steel industry
 2. The need of cutting down costs which incurred in the importing the iron from other countries
Advantages Expected from the Iron and Steel Industry in Tanzania
 1. It will create employment opportunities for the populations especially in the southern parts of Tanzania
 1. It will lead to the local supply of steel material to steel rolling industry in Tanga
 1. This will cut down costs of importing steel from other countries and hence it will save a lot of government revenue that could be used in importing steel
 1. It will facilitate the construction sector such that stronger buildings and bridges will be set up.
 1. It will also facilitate the development of transport and communication within the country
 1. Agriculture will also improve since farm implements will be produced in a greater quantity and will be cheaper compared to the imported iron and steel materials
 Iron and Steel Industry
Factors Limiting the Development of Iron and Steel Industry in Tanzania
 1. Lack of capital since Tanzania's economy is very low
 1. Low technology among many Tanzanians This has led to the existence of poor skilled manpower.
 1. There are poor transport and communication systems such that the transportation of iron and steel materials will be problematic.
 1. Shortage of internal market is another hindering factor delaying the development of iron and steel industry in Tanzania.
 1. Traditionally Tanzania has poor industrial base since it has been depending on agriculture as its economic back bone [economic mainstay].
 1. Lack of Government support.
Factors that Hinder the Development of the Manufacturing Industries in East Africa
 1. Low levels of science and technology
 2. Low levels of capital to be invested in the industries
 1. People are so migratory (they keep moving from place to place and hence they cannot concentrate on production)
 1. Civil wars also hinder industrial development in Tanzania and East Africa in general
 2. Low government support on industrial development
 3. Poor availability of raw materials
 1. Poor transport and communication, Hence the transportation of manufactured goods and raw materials is very costly.
 1. Poor labor supply to the industrial places.
 2. Limited or poor marketing system.
 3. Limited mineral sources and sources of energy.
 Iron and Steel Industry
Ways of improving the industrial base in East Africa
 1. There should be improvement in transport and communication system.
 1. There should be improvement in science and technology so as to facilitate industrial growth.
 1. The government should formulate policies which support industrial development in the country.
 1. The local resources should be explored and exploited for industrial use.
 2. There should be control of population growth so that the capital can be invested in industrial development rather than supporting the rapid growth of population rather than wasting time moving from one place to another.
 1. Competition should be encouraged among the Industrial producers.
 1. The development of Internal and external trade should be encouraged
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text:
Detective Thomas.Situation puzzles (sometimes called lateral thinking puzzles) are ones where you need to ask lots of yes or no questions to figure out what happened in the situation. These are good puzzles for groups where one person knows the puzzle and answers the questions.
Detective Thomas was called to a crime scene late at night for investigating a murder of a woman.The area was a gloomy area with no lights.The witness was the neighbor of the woman who said he had seen the murder take place with the help of the light of the full moon.
Even though he could clearly see the full moon, Detective Thomas knew that the witness was lying. How?
AnswerDetective Thomas found it out because the murder took place during a lunar eclipse, and there was total darkness. A lunar eclipse takes place during a full moon day and the maximum time a lunar eclipse can last is 3 hours and 40 minutes.
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text:
A monomolecular energy chord was a type of energized edge.
An energy filament, monomolecular energy chords were used in Kyuzo petars to increase the cutting power and deadliness of the weapons. Channeled along the conductive carbon edge of the blade, the chords were powered by rechargeable energy cells.
- Solo: A Star Wars Story (First appearance)
- Solo: A Star Wars Story The Official Guide (First identified as monomolecular energy chord)