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November 14, 2011
DSBN Students to Compete in Hunger Games Challenges
In the post-apocalyptic world depicted in Suzanne Collins' novel "The Hunger Games", the ruling government forces young people to compete against each other in a battle for survival. At the District School Board of Niagara, students taking part in challenges based on "The Hunger Games" will be working cooperatively to complete a number of different tasks and improve their literacy skills. Through the week of November 14-18, students will be engaged in a broad range of different outdoor activities based on the novel at the Woodend Conservation Area.
The event involves students from schools across the DSBN. In the challenges, students will be asked to build shelters from fallen logs, trees and branches, navigate the paths of the conservation area using orienteering skills and participate in interactive, cooperative novelty sports and activities.
Literacy Support Teacher Krista Kiemele says the games "provide students with an engaging opportunity to make connections to the novel and extend their understanding of the events that unfold throughout the plot through active participation."
Each day is scheduled to begin at approximately 10:00 a.m. and will conclude at 2:00 p.m. Woodend Conservation area is located near Niagara College's Glendale Campus on Taylor Road in Niagara-on-the-Lake.
Lakeview Public School
St. Catharines and Thorold
Power Glen Public School
Port Weller Public School
Richmond Street Public School
St. Catharines Collegiate
Gordon Public School
Plymouth Public School
James Morden Public School
Fort Erie and area
Garrison Road Public School
Ridgeway-Crystal Beach High School


Cross-layer optimization for multimedia transport over multicode CDMA networks
Hui Chen, Chun Bun Henry Chan, Victor Leung
Research output: Journal article publicationJournal articleAcademic researchpeer-review
5 Citations (Scopus)
Most previous work on code division multiple access (CDMA) considers the bit error ratio (BER) at the physical layer and the frame drop ratio (FDR) at the medium access control layer separately. However, a better system performance, e.g., in terms of a lower overall frame loss ratio (FLR), can be achieved if BER and FDR are jointly optimized. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer optimization scheme called traffic-adaptive scheme for multicode CDMA operating over a time division multiple access (TDMA) channel. Based on the traffic condition and buffer status, this scheme employs a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to determine the optimal value of the maximum number of simultaneous data frames that can be transmitted in each time slot of a TDMA frame so as to minimize the overall FLR of the system. To facilitate implementation, we also propose an approximation scheme named the rate-adaptive scheme to reduce the computation cost. Simulation and analytical results show that both the traffic-adaptive scheme and rate-adaptive scheme can significantly reduce FLR, increase the system throughput, and optimize the packet access delay of the system. Furthermore, the rate-adaptive scheme can achieve a performance close to the traffic-adaptive scheme when the traffic load in the system is high.
Original languageEnglish
Article number5669316
Pages (from-to)810-820
Number of pages11
JournalIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Issue number6
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2011
 - multicode code division multiple access
 - Multimedia communication
 - wireless
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Software
 - Computer Networks and Communications
 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this


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From draft to law: how long it takes for Parliament to adopt laws
In cooperation with the Parliament of Georgia Apparatus and within the framework of our parliamentary monitoring project, in 2012 TI Georgia started collecting procedural information about initiated draft laws and observing existing lawmaking practices in the Parliament of Georgia. This is the second post in a three-part series that discusses some of the data we collected. (First blog post: Who initiates the most laws in Parliament.)
Adhering to a procedural timeline in lawmaking is an important aspect of good governance in the Parliament. Public committee sittings theoretically allow the public and civil society representatives to participate so that enacted legislation will reflect the needs of relevant stakeholders; however, citizens' involvement is dependent on the existence of parliamentary procedures that allow it.
In the Georgian Parliament, it is well known that in the past, important laws have been passed in a speedy manner, depriving stakeholders of the chance to be fully engaged. For example, an amendment to the law governing political parties, which introduced controversial changes to party financing rules, was adopted near the end of 2011, only 12 days after it was introduced, leaving some political actors and civil society groups frustrated about procedural hastiness.
Types of Laws
The Parliament of Georgia has adopted a total of 298 laws so far in 2012. We collected data on five types of laws passed this year:
- Law of Georgia: Changes to the existing laws or new laws passed by the Parliament, so-called "ordinary" laws.
- Organic Law of Georgia: Hierarchically higher than ordinary laws. Changing or adopting an organic law requires a greater quorum and threshold during the plenary hearing.
- Changes to the Constitution: Once an initiative for amending the Constitution is registered by Parliament, a constitutional draft law enters a one-month public consultation period after completion of which hearings in Parliament can resume.
- Parliament regulations: Changes to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia affect only the work of the Parliament. In June 2012, the Parliament adopted new Rules of Procedure that entered into force after the election of the current Parliament, with some of the norms scheduled to come into force after the 2013 Presidential elections results are announced officially.
- Changes to the 2012 State Budget: Revisions to the 2012 State Budget were made three times in 2012. Such changes require the draft to pass a hearing in the Budget-Finance Committee and be approved by MPs at a plenary sitting only once.
Figure 1 shows the breakdown of adopted laws according to type.
Figure 1: Laws adopted by Parliament in 2012 by type
Data we collected from the Parliament in 2012 allows us to examine how long draft laws were considered before they were passed in the first half of 2012. We calculated the discussion period for each law as the number of calendar days on which a draft was in Parliament, including the days on which it was registered at the Bureau and when it was passed. For example, if a law was registered at the Parliament Bureau on a Monday, and passed the third and final hearing on the following Monday, then its discussion period would be 8 days. Figures 2 and 3 show the ranges of discussion periods for all laws adopted in 2012.
Figure 2: 2012 laws and days of discussion in Parliament
Draft laws that were considered for more than 60 days are shown in Figure 3 to maintain clarity. Out of 298 laws adopted in 2012, 254 were also initiated in 2012, while the rest were registered during previous sessions; these are also included in the second chart.
Figure 3: 2012 laws by discussion days (above 60 days)
We also calculated average, minimum and maximum discussion periods for each type of law initiated and adopted in 2012; see Figures 4 and 5. If we include the discussion periods for laws initiated during previous sessions into these figures, we get an average of 74.6 days for regular laws and 30.5 days for organic laws. This significant shift in the averages is seen because several laws had extremely long discussion periods, as compared to the average. These long discussion periods change the maximum discussion period significantly, with 1,573 days being the maximum for laws and 155 days the maximum for organic laws.
Figure 4: Average length of discussion of laws initiated and adopted in 2012
Figure 5: Minimum and maximum days of discussion of laws initiated and adopted in 2012
As shown in the figures above, the path from draft to law is different for each type of legislative initiative. Discussion periods varied a lot within the regular laws category, with laws being adopted after discussion periods ranging from two to 1,573 days. About half of the draft laws were discussed and passed after 17 to 32 days. For more information on the 2012 laws, check our database (in Georgian only).
The Rules of Procedure of Parliament do not directly specify the acceptable minimum and maximum time-frames for the discussion of laws. Moreover, Parliament may also pass laws in an expedited manner within one week, upon with the Bureau's permission. However, it was not always clear when the expedited mode was applied for draft laws tracked by us. For example, 15 laws were adopted within 8 calendar days, among which there were three amendments to the 2012 budget, must-carry/offer regulations adopted in late June, and two draft laws that were initiated and passed during the extraordinary session in July when the new government cabinet was approved. However, none of these laws were clearly labeled as having been approved by the Bureau for expedited discussion. On the other hand, there were laws which were clearly approved for expedited discussion -- but whose discussion periods were longer than one week.
We also observed that some laws were held for a long time in the 2008-2012 Parliament before finally being passed in 2012. Some examples of laws which were adopted after lengthy delays are:
- Changes to the Law of Georgia on Drugs, Psychotropic Materials, Precursors and Drug Aid liberalizing drug policies and fines: 1,573 days;
- Changes to the Law of Georgia on Civil Service and Changes to the Law of Georgia on Incompatibility in Public Service specifying income declaration reporting requirements for public officials: 243 days;
- Law of Georgia on Free Trade and Competition which was an important law preparing Georgia for future EU Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement negotiations: 240 days.
The new 2012-2016 Parliament has a different composition which presents an opportunity for changes to existing practice. The presence of a strong minority in Parliament will make it especially important that procedural requirements are followed carefully and that they are designed to encourage discussion and deliberation in the lawmaking process. Considering this, TI Georgia recommends that:
- The Rules of Procedure be reviewed and a better procedural framework elaborated with clear guidelines for planning draft law discussions, containing reasonable minimum and maximum spans for each stage of discussion;
- Draft laws be discussed in an expedited manner only when absolutely necessary and that the initiators of draft laws be required to justify the request for expedited procedures in the explanatory note attached to the draft; also, plenary and committee sitting schedules should clearly identify which drafts on the agenda are being discussed under expedited procedures;
- Parliamentary committees commit to carefully following all procedural requirements and schedule hearings so that openness of lawmaking is guaranteed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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model attribute to declare a model object the view binds to.
This attribute is typically used in conjunction with views that render data controls, such as forms.
It enables form data binding and validation behaviors to be driven from metadata on your model object.
The following example declares an
enterBookingDetails state manipulates the
The model may be an object in any accessible scope, such as
model triggers the following behavior when a view event occurs:
View-to-model binding. On view postback, user input values are bound to model object properties for you.
Model validation. After binding, if the model object requires validation that validation logic will be invoked.
For a flow event to be generated that can drive a view state transition, model binding must complete successfully. If model binding fails, the view is re-rendered to allow the user to revise their edits.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Remounted Diamonds Into White Gold
-Two sparkly diamond rings in yellow gold. They were to be changed into two new ring designs, this time in white gold mounts.
-Martin and our client's discussed different options, Martin drew a couple of sketches and the designs were decided. The diamonds were measured and this enabled us to provide exact costs to remount the stones into their new settings.
-The next step was to order the cast ring parts that would be used to create the new ring mounts.
-Once these arrived the diamonds were unset from their original settings and the old ring mounts were put to one side.
-Firstly the seven diamonds were set into the basic cast ring. Once set in to the surface, the setting edge and grain surround was created by Martin.
-Next the single stone diamond ring was assembled. The ready cast setting and twisted shank were soldered together after the shank wrap around had been adjusted to the correct angle and height. Then the diamond was set.
-At this stage our client came and tried on both rings to check the finger size was correct. They fitted perfectly.
-The final stage was to polish and rhodium both rings.


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Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of conversion from pure laparoscopy to hand-assisted laparoscopy to control mild-to-moderate bleeding during renal surgery. Patients and Methods: Between August 2006 and August 2008, we performed 94 laparoscopic nephrectomies (44 partial and 50 radical). A total of three radical nephrectomies were converted from pure to hand-assisted laparoscopy for control of bleeding. The first patient was a 44-year-old man with a 14-cm cystic renal mass. The second patient was a 52-year-old man with a 3.8-cm renal mass, and the third patient was an 86-year-old woman with a 7-cm renal mass. Results: In all three procedures, the indication for conversion was bleeding from the renal hilum or the kidney parenchyma during dissection. The bleeding was difficult to control using pure laparoscopy, and therefore a hand port was inserted. Time for conversion and placement of the hand port averaged less than 7 minutes. Total estimated blood loss for the three patients was 800 mL, 2000 mL, and 650 mL, respectively. One patient needed a transfusion with three units of packed red blood cells. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients, except for one patient who had prolonged ileus and stayed in the hospital for 6 days. The remaining two patients were discharged on postoperative days 2 and 3. Conclusions: Conversion from pure to hand-assisted laparoscopy for bleeding control is feasible and effective. It adds minimal morbidity while maximizing cosmesis, and it should be considered as an alternative to open conversion in cases of mild-to-moderate bleeding.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Vehicle restoration
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Cosmetic restoration)
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Vehicle Restoration is the process of restoring a vehicle that is either partially scrapped or otherwise life expired back to its original working condition.
Automotive restoration can be applied to many different eras of automobile. Heritage railways and railway museums aim to restore and operate restored trains. Bus preservation groups aim to purchase buses of various eras to restore them to their original operating condition. Trains and buses are often restored to the original authentic livery of their original owner.
Restoration process[edit]
A BMW R60/2 motorcycle undergoing a frame-up concours restoration
Restoration of a vehicle refers to the process of restoring a vehicle to its original condition. Neither updating or modifying are considered part of the restoration process. A restored car is one that has had all of its systems and or parts restored to original condition. Selectively restoring parts or systems is referred to as refurbishing. It does not qualify as restoration. Rebuilding an engine may restore that engine, but it does not restore the car, or entitle the car to be called a restoration.
A car that has had its body work restored to as new but has undergone some modifications elsewhere is either a modified car or a resto-mod car. It is was neither completely restored not completely modified. If a car has had an engine swap for other than the original model, that car has not been restored. Although most of the parts are original, it qualifies as modified rather than restored.
There are many aspects to the process of vehicle restoration. The goal is to return the vehicle to its 'original' state.[1] To accomplish this, a vehicle must often undergo many structural and aesthetic changes.
The first project is disassembly.[1] The car is taken apart and the chassis is inspected.[1] The chassis must be in order as it the structural foundation of the vehicle. The next task is typically are the vehicles engine and mechanisms.[1] The restorer will mechanically bring the vehicle into working order before aesthetically restoring the interior and exterior of the vehicle.[1] Once the vehicle is mechanically functional the body work is then done to the car.[1] Once the exterior restoration is completed, the last task is the interior finish.[1] The restoration of the car is complete when the interior restoration is completed.
Interior restoration[edit]
Interior restoration is the process of returning the inside of the vehicle to its original factory state.[1] Often a vehicle's interior must be need to be completely stripped out before restoration can occur.[1] This is because deterioration over time that can leave materials like wood, cloth or leather in unusable condition.[1] Also abandoned vehicles have the potential to contain biohazardous material within the cabin caused by decay and habitation by animals.[1] Often seating will be stripped to the wire framing before being stuffed and upholstered.[1] The seat is still considered to be authentic after undergoing this process.[1] Other areas of interior restoration include replaced instrument paneling, car radios, flooring and wooden paneling[1]
All mechanical and electronic equipment such as a speedometer, gas gauge, air bags and other equipment necessary to the safe operation of the vehicle must be inspected.[1] The vehicle interior is considered restored when it is returned the state of function and aesthetic the car was in after its manufacture[1]
Exterior restoration[edit]
Restoration of a vehicle's exterior can take many forms. A vehicle that has been left or abandoned will often accumulate rust over time.[2] Sometimes this rust deterioration can render an exterior part unusable.[2] In which case a replacement part like a fender, front grill or door mirror much be purchased outright from an external source.[2] If rust damage is minor however the part will undergo rust repair.[2] This is the process of removing rust from metal and returning structural integrity.[2] This is accomplished by removing the rust through sanding or blasting to get down to bare metal.[2] Then new sheet metal or fiberglass is applied to the affected area. Finally the piece is worked until smooth, primed and re-painted.[2]
Other materials like glass and weather stripping must be replaced as they become damaged over time.[1] Factors like weather erosion can lead to faded and broken glass as well as dried out weather stripping. Another typical area of exterior repair is dent removal.[1] This entails taking the original metal and re-working it to remove dents and other such blemishes.[1] Professionals often use hammer and dolly work to remove dents. This involves placing the dented metal piece over a curved metal dolly and using an electric or manual hammer to remove the dent and smooth the metal.[1]
Engine restoration[edit]
The internal combustion engine requires regular maintenance to ensure its continued function.[3] Engine oil, power steering and brake fluid are examples of engine maintenance that must be kept and checked at regular intervals.[3] Often wear and tear over time can leave an engine totally unusable. In which case the restorer might remove the existing engine and replace it with a similar or modern engine substitute.[3] In order to conduct an engine restoration first a technician will conduct a thorough inspection. Often pre-restored vehicle have engines that have gone without maintenance for years and therefore require engine restoration to return them to working order. The engine is removed from the car and inspected for broken and non-functional parts.[3] Typical parts that require replacing include the pistons, spark plugs, fuel lines battery, fuses, timing belt and various gaskets.[3] All are subject to deterioration over time. Structural components like the engine block, cam shaft and crank shaft are less likely to require repair but not uncommon.[3] Typically, after all required parts are gathered, the disassembled pieces will be cleaned, lubricated (if required), and reassembled. The engine is then replaced within the car.[3]
A mechanic will then perform a series of tests to ensure that the engine is in working, road worthy condition.[3] This is known as a pre-start engine check. First all the lines and hoses are checked for breaks and leaks. Second the radiator is topped off with water to ensure that the system is sealed off. Next the oil level is replenished. Finally the battery charge is checked and the ignition system is inspected. The engine is then ready to be started.[3]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Halliday, J.Dave (January 22, 1999). "Planning key to successful vehicle restoration; research, documentation also help ensure that car or truck will be returned to original condition". Edmonton Journal.
 2. ^ a b c d e f g Hires, Bill (1977). "Comprehensive Small Engine Repair Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium".
 3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Halderman, James (2011). "Vehicle Repair and Restoration". Automotive Technology Principles, Diagnosis, and Service (4th ed.) (Prentice Hall) 2: 550–94.


Advocating for Bilingualism: A Call to Action
Advocating for our children is an inherent part of parenting. We do it every single day in both big and small ways. We know bilingualism is good and we want it for our children. So how can we advocate to make languages more accessible in our communities? In this episode, we begin exploring how you can go from knowing to doing with our guest, Amanda Seewald, the president-elect of the Joint National Committee for Languages. Think of it as a call to action.
Amanda Seewald
Amanda is the owner of Maracas Language Programs, has raised a bilingual daughter and son, and is an experienced language teacher. She spends much of her time advocating for language programs and policy.
Mentioned in this Episode


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Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French
Europe's second largest economy offers a number of opportunities. The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette, which are distinctly different from those in the U.S. The French believe that the business relationships you develop are more important than the contracts, so think in the long-term about building partnerships.
To start with, remember: you'll get furthest with some knowledge of French.
The traditional belief that the French often do not hassle with English and other foreign languages is not far from the truth. In large and multinational companies, the situation is better, but it is still recommended to learn at least a few basic phrases in French. Bonjour and Enchanté (it's nice to meet you) are almost essential. To a certain extent the emphasis on their own language is due to national pride. The French have a deep patriotism. Although it is a very diverse country in which many different cultures live, they tend to have a reserved approach towards foreigners. If you are in doubt about a situation, it might be best to use interpreters' services.
Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French business partners
Stylish intellectuals
The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette. French society is very hierarchic, and this also has an effect on business relationships. Therefore, always be careful to ensure that your French business partner communicates with someone in a correlating position in your company. Respect towards a company's management is also shown by men standing up when superiors enter the room or by at least acknowledging their arrival.
There is a general emphasis on education and good morals. In discussions with you, French business partners may debate about the most wide-ranging topics and in the process assess your intellectual abilities. French men are gentlemen based on principle, treat women with courtesy and adhere to ethical standards. Of course, there is also an emphasis on elegant fashion and aesthetics in general. For instance, the French consider the quality of their environment, wherever they are, to be very important. So, when choosing a location for lunch or dinner, consider not only the quality of the food and a good address, but also the restaurant's interior design and ambiance.
 First – and lasting — impressions
The French prefer personal interaction, so initial contact should be made by telephone, rather than e-mail. Arrive at meetings on time (although the French are comfortable with slight delays), shake your business partner's hand, and start the meeting with casual conversation. The French do not get right down to the heart of the matter, and this is in part because they are seeking to understand you as an individual. If you seem disinterested in debating the issues involved with your potential deal, they can consider that a sign of arrogance.
The French pay close attention to detail, so you can expect a lot of added questions. It will be a major advantage to have a visual presentation prepared, such as a PowerPoint presentation, and descriptions in French will aid your cause. The French are generally conservative, mainly as far as body language is concerned. Nonetheless, they do not mind stronger non-verbal communication.
When defending their own interests, the French know how to be tough, and when negotiating, they are suspicious of supposed "win-win" deals. They are not generally fond of risk, and prefer arrangements that leave room for adjustments and adaptations over time.
During negotiations, it is acceptable and appropriate to take detailed notes so that you will be able to ensure that everything makes sense. French meetings tend to be more creative than the average American business meeting. It can seem as if they are rudely interrupting you in conversation, but this is a customary French mode of expressing interest in the topic. It's probably a good idea to pay close attention to their suggestions, without allowing them to throw off your focus. For important negotiations, it is a good idea to sign a written document, such as a memorandum. In fact, with the French oral agreements don't mean much, so if you're serious, get it in writing.
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How Long Does It Take for a Joint to Get Out of Your System?
This is the most common question asked by cannabis users. Well, there's no simple answer to this question, as there are so many variables that dictate how fast or slow a joint can take to get out of your system. However, if you're a weed user looking for answers before a scheduled drug test, there are two major factors that can make a difference—your physiology (as all people are different) and the amount of THC in a joint.
Table of Contents
one joint out of your system
How Much THC Is in One Joint?
In most cases, the amount of THC varies from strain to strain, from 5% to upwards of 30%. In our case, let's take an average level of 15%.
The average weight of a single joint is estimated to be 0.32 grams according to an article published by Christopher Ingraham in The Washington Post. [1]
Knowing this, we can calculate how much THC is in one average joint. Here's the math:
0.32 grams = 320 milligrams
15% THC of 320 mg = 0.15 × 320 = 48 mg THC
If you're smoking half of an average joint, then you consume 12 mg to 14 mg of THC, with about 10 mg to 12 mg going to the sidestream. On the other hand, if you're smoking an entire joint, then the average amount of THC consumed will range from 19 mg to 23 mg.
Another common joint size from the same article was 0.75 grams according to a survey among marijuana users by High Times based on 3,000 responses. Here's the amount of THC calculated from this joint size:
0.75 grams = 750 milligrams
15% THC of 750 mg = 0.15 x 750 = 112.5 mg THC
In this case, if you smoke half a joint, you will consume about 27 mg to 32 mg THC. On the other hand, if you smoke an entire joint, you'll consume between 50 mg and 60 mg THC, with a sidestream loss of about 40–50 mg THC.
Many other variables also determine how much THC is consumed. For instance, lung capacity, how much you inhale, and how long you hold your breath after each puff are some factors that will determine the amount of THC you consume. Another factor is sidestream smoke, where much THC is lost as you await the next puff.
Also important is the change in THC in the joint as you smoke. As the joint burns, more THC condenses toward its end, making the second half of the joint have a slightly higher THC level than the first half.
In the table below, you can see the approximate amount of THC in the joint depending on the THC level in the cannabis strain:
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Pinner (0.32 gr) 16 mg 32 mg 48 mg 64 mg 80 mg 96 mg
Joint (0.75 gr) 37.5 mg 75 mg 112.5 mg 150 mg 187.5 mg 225 mg
How Long Does THC Stay in Your System?
Here's the science behind it:
According to a study, after smoking about 27 mg of ▵9-THC in a joint, THC-COOH in a smoker's urine was peaking at 180 ng/mL after 4 hours. [2]
According to another study, it was discovered that THC half-life goes from 1.4 days in the first days after smoking (without any major differences between frequent and occasional users) to approximately 4 days for occasional users and 7 days for frequent users in later days. [3]
This means that 27 mg will require about 3 days to get below the recommended 50 ng/mL drug test threshold because after 1.5 days it will be 180/2 = 90 ng/mL, and in the next 1.5 days, it will be 90/2 = 45 ng/mL.
For a confirmation test with a 20 ng/mL cutoff, infrequent users will need almost 5 days to test negative, while frequent users will need up to 7 days.
However, it's good to keep in mind that these calculations may vary significantly depending on many variables, which include age, body mass, lifestyle, and personal metabolism.
Read more: How Long Does Weed Stay In Your System?
How Long for One Joint to Get Out of Your System?
Here is the math:
In the study above, a weak marijuana strain was used. Let's take their findings and recalculate the number of days for other strains knowing how much THC is in the joint.
An average pinner with 15% THC has 48 mg of THC, which gives near 320 ng/mL of THC-COOH in the urine after smoking. This concentration will be reduced to 160 ng/mL in 1.5 days, 80 ng/mL in 3 days, and 40 ng/mL in 4.5 days, so you need almost 4 days to pass a drug test after smoking such a joint. Since THC half-life later grows to 4 and 7 days for infrequent and frequent users respectively, you may need from 8 to 11 days to get below 20 ng/mL and pass a confirmation test.
For a joint with 15% and 112.5 mg THC, the calculation will be 750 ng/mL THC-COOH after smoking, 375 ng/mL in 1.5 days, 187.5 ng/mL in 3 days, and almost 94 ng/mL in 4.5 days. With an increasing half-life it will take 8–11 days to get below 50 ng/mL and from 10 days to 2 weeks to get below 20 ng/mL.
Days to pass initial drug test with 50 ng/mL cutoff:
Pinner (0.32 gr) Joint (0.75 gr)
Casual user Heavy user Casual user Heavy user
5% 2 2 4 4
10% 3 3 6 7
15% 4 4 8 11
20% 5 5 10 14
25% 6 7 11 16
30% 7 10 12 18
NOTE! The calculations here are estimates, as personal metabolism has a major impact on the time THC needs to get out of your system.
To get THC out of your system completely down to zero, you need almost one month for infrequent users and a few months for heavy smokers.
How to Find the Exact Time?
To find the exact time a joint needs to get out of your system, you need to buy a home drug test to test yourself and control the level of marijuana metabolites in your system. One of the best home tests available is the UTest-O-Meter Multi-Level Home THC Urine Test. Unlike the usual tests, this one checks THC in the urine in 4 different levels, which are 20 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 200 ng/mL. This helps you to better understand how fast your body cleanses itself from traces of weed.
How to Reduce This Time
To speed up THC withdrawal and reduce the time a joint needs to get out of your system, you need to drink a lot of water, urinate frequently, and use marijuana detox kits to cleanse your urine and avoid failing a drug test.
 1. One of the big questions in marijuana research has been answered. Christopher Ingraham - The Washington Post.
 2. Chemistry, Metabolism, and Toxicology of Cannabis: Clinical Implications. Priyamvada Sharma PhD, Pratima Murthy, M.M. Srinivas Bharath - NCBI.
 3. Urinary Excretion of 11-nor-9-Carboxy-AgTetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinoids in Frequent and Infrequent Drug Users. Anne Smith-Kielland, Bjørn Skuterud, Jørg Mørland - Journal of Analytical Toxicology.


Verbes réguliers avec -IR
Regular French -IR Verbs
French Verbs ending in -IR tend to conjugate in a typical pattern similar to the verb finir.
These verbs are known as "regular -IR verbs
" or sometimes "verbs of the second group".
(Note that there are certain common verbs ending in -IR that don't conjugate in this pattern, especially -OIR because that is pronounced very differently to -IR, more like "wah" versus "eer". "Voir" for example, doesn't belong to the -ir group.)
Typical verbs that belong to this group are:
accomplir to accomplish
bâtir to build
choisir to choose
finir to finish
grandir to grow up
grossir to get fat
nourrir to feed
obéir to obey
punir to punish
réfléchir to reflect
remplir to fill
réunir to reunite
réussir to succeed
I'll be right with you...


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Kangaroo's Things To Do
You can use this design to make a model kangaroo that stands up.
First, print off this outline of half a kangaroo on to thin paper.
I suggest you make the kangaroo out of card that is thin enough for you to fold and cut easily. Something like a minilla folder.
Most kinds of card fold easier in one direction than the other. Fold it the easy way, making sure you have enough card for half a kangaroo to fit on each side of the crease.
Fold over the paper print-out so that the middle of the kangaroo's back runs along the crease.
Put the fold of the cardboard inside the fold of the paper pattern. You are going to use the pattern to guide you as you cut through the two thicknesses of card and the two thicknesses of paper at the same time.
You can put paper clips or other kinds of spring clips over the back fold to hold them together while you are cutting.
Here are five helpful tips for cutting that not many people know.
1. Cut very slowly with your scissors, using only the half of the blades nearest the hinge. Don't snip near the points.
2. Keep your sissors hand in the same place most of the time. I rest my arm on the arm of a chair, so my hand is nice and steady.
3. Use your other hand to twist and turn the cardboard, or whatever you're cutting, and feed it into the blades as they slowly close.
4. The best way to cut out complicated designs is to cut the inside of tight shapes first.
5. Where possible, try to cut from large spaces into tiny spaces and pointed places, even if it means making several cuts from different directions.
In making the model kangaroo, I'd first roughly cut away most of the spare paper and cardboard, so the model is easy to handle.
Next I'd look for tight spaces - the main one is between its front paw and its ear.
I'd aim my first cut to hit the widest part of its ear, on the outside, and cut into its arm-pit - right to the end of the line. Then I'd start at his finger tips and move the card around until my second cut also ended up beyond the dashes.
It doesn't matter what order you do the rest of the cuts, but I'd just make sure to cut inwards to the very base of its tail, past the dashes, and from the tip of its ear right to the dashes at the back of its head.
Cut out the rest of the shape.
While the paper pattern is still attached to the cardboard, the folds are made along the dashed lines.
I'll tell you about the dots on its ears later.
Lay the kangaroo down on something hard. Lay a ruler on each straight dashed line in turn, then lift and bend the cardboard along the edge. You can then lift the kangaroo and bend each fold backwards and forwards a few times and give the creases a hard pinch.
You're still not ready for its ears!
Now you can take off the clips and the paper pattern.
Lay it on its back on something slightly soft. A pad of newspaper perhaps, but I use my mouse-pad by my computer.
Now for its ears.
You have to imagine where those dots on the pattern would be: down the centre of each ear, but on the inside of them now.
Gently draw a wide knitting needle (the one I use says Gauge 3) or something else round and blunt along these centre lines. Then, drawing round and round in tiny circles with it, along the ears, you will see them become curved - and look like ears.
I'm sure you can work out how the model stands.
You can push out its pouch, and ease its tail upwards, as you fold your kangaroo into shape. The tail will end up 'inside out', a bit like a hollow boat. Give it a little squeeze into shape as you lift it.
Its head folds forwards (I'll leave you to draw on the eyes), and its front feet bend down.
Hopefully the soles of its feet will be nearly flat on the ground (it could be hopping and just taking off if they're not completely flat).
If the kangaroo is falling forwards too much, keep the tail pointing backwards and horizontal, but bring the back feet together. Sit the back feet on a ruler and push the tail upwards until its tip is also on the ruler's edge. Then squeeze the tail fold very hard, or rub it over with the back of a spoon until the crease is in the right place.


numeric-preludeAn experimental alternative hierarchy of numeric type classes
Safe HaskellSafe-Infered
data T a Source
Here we try to provide implementations for zero and one by making the modulus optional. We have to provide non-modulus operations for the cases where both operands have Nothing modulus. This is problematic since operations like '(/)' depend essentially on the modulus.
A working version with disabled zero and one can be found ResidueClass.
modulus ::!(Maybe a)
the modulus can be Nothing to denote a generic constant like zero and one which could not be bound to a specific modulus so far
representative ::!a
(Eq a, C a, C a) => Eq (T a)
Read a => Read (T a)
Show a => Show (T a)
(Eq a, C a) => C (T a)
(/:) :: C a => a -> a -> T aSource
r /: m is the residue class containing r with respect to the modulus m
isCompatible :: Eq a => T a -> T a -> BoolSource
Check if two residue classes share the same modulus
lift2 :: Eq a => (a -> a -> a -> a) -> (a -> a -> a) -> T a -> T a -> T aSource


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Light shades of cool colors such as pale aqua can make a small bathroom feel airy and open, while subtle warm colors can create a rich and serene feeling. The best choice depends on the desired effect and the amount of light in the bathroom.Continue Reading
SFGate notes that cool colors make walls seem to recede, which enlarges a space. Cool colors include shades of blue, green and gray. For example, sky blue is light and airy. A pastel shade of green, such as olive green, extends the bathroom into the outdoors. Cool colors without a sheen can look flat and drab. In contrast, a pearled color, such as pearl gray, reflects light and creates a room-opening shine.
Pink and yellow are warm colors that are flattering and cozy. Pale pink mixed with a small amount of yellow is rosy and creates an intimate feel. Shades of light yellow, including buttercream and pale gold, are associated with sunshine and can be energizing. However, bright yellow in a small space can be overwhelming and make the room look smaller.
White is a popular choice for painting small, dark bathrooms. Bright white or white with blue undertones can make the room feel stark and clinical, but white tinted with pink, peach or yellow is warmer and shimmers rather than glares.Learn more about Home Maintenance


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If you are having problems getting video calls to work, check the following:
- Is VPW is set up correctly?Verify that Browser (Secondary Softphone) is selected as your audio device in your VPW Avatar settings.
- Are you using the correct browser?You must use Chrome as your browser when using the VPW softphone to make and receive video calls.
- Is popup blocking disabled?Disable popup blocking for the vertical.vappcenter.com domain.
- Are your computer, camera, microphone, and speakers working?Verify that your computer is equipped with microphone, speakers, and camera, and that they are all working as expected. Important!Make sure your camera is activated/enabled in Windows Settings – some laptops may have the camera disabled for security purposes by default.
If you are experiencing network issues
Your support representative can work with you to determine if a network issue is causing your problems with video calls.
- Although VPW does not require a VPN connection, there may be some network situations (for example if you are working remotely) where VPN might help.
- A firewall or other anti-virus mechanism could prevent your remote computer from doing certain types of communication, including VPW.


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Event Archive - Galiano Ensemble Performs "Hungarian Inspiration": The Galiano Ensemble of Victoria
Wed. January 25th 2017 Phillip T. Young Recital Hall (Uvic) (All Ages)
8:00 pm doors at 7:30 pm
$33 ($30 seniors)
Tickets at: Ivy's Books, Munro's Books
You are warmly invited to join the Galiano Ensemble of Victoria for its first concert of 2017. The Ensemble will perform an assortment of enchanting pieces from several Hungarian composers and one Canadian composer.
Franz (Ferenc) Liszt was born in 1811 and was recognized as a virtuoso pianist from a young age. He was a conductor and prolific composer whose works are considered to have been very influential on 19th and 20th century composers. His Angélus! Prière aux anges gardiens (Prayer to the Guardian Angels) was dedicated to his granddaughter. This string orchestra arrangement was originally written for a melodeon (pump organ) or piano.
Bela Bartok was a composer, pianist and music teacher born in 1881. Bartok and Liszt are considered the two greatest Hungarian composers and Bartok is thought to have been one of the most important composers of the 20th century. Hungarian folks songs were a significant influence on his works. Bartok's Divertimento for String Orchestra was his last work, composed just before he reluctantly fled Hungary and emigrated to the United States in 1940 because of concerns about the war and his disdain for the Nazi regime.
Leó Weiner, a contemporary of Bartok, was a composer born in 1885. Weiner was also recognized as a leading Hungarian music educator during the first half of the 20th century. His interest in folk music is evident in many of his compositions including Hungarian Folk Tunes.
Srul Irving Glick, born in Toronto in 1934, was one of Canada's most prolific composers as well as a conductor, teacher and radio producer. He composed Suite Hébraïque No. 1 in 1961 while living in Paris and feeling nostalgic for his home and family. His father was a cantor and his affinity for Jewish music inspired many of his works.
Conductor Yariv Aloni and the orchestra are sure to provide an entertaining evening of chamber music so be certain to put this in your calendar and tell your friends!
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The Galiano Ensemble of Victoria (Chamber Orchestra)


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Travel topics > Food and drink > Balkan cuisines
Balkan cuisines
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The nations of the Balkans have had culinary exchanges with German cuisine, Central European cuisines, Italian cuisine, Greek cuisine, Russian cuisine and Middle Eastern cuisine.
The Balkans have been divided between different nation-states, languages and religions, but many dishes and ingredients are similar across the borders. The Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire have left their mark in the cuisines of the Balkans.
While Balkan cooking has not been internationalized in the same way as the Italian or Greek cuisines, the South Slavic and Albanian diaspora have brought their cuisine to other parts of Europe.
Bread, meat, potatoes and cheese are ubiquitous around the Balkans. Pork is the most common meat, except among Muslims and Jews, who substitute it with beef, lamb, and poultry.
Seafood is common in Croatia, Montenegro and Albania.
A full meal on the Balkans can consist of soup and bread, followed by a meat dish (grilled meat, meat pies, etc) and cakes or confectionaries as dessert.
A meze is a buffet of small savoury dishes, of Turkish origin. Many of the dishes have analogues in the Middle East.
Ajvar is a sauce made of bell peppers and oil, which can be mild or very spicy. It is usually eaten with bread.
Ćevapi or ćevapčići is grilled ground meat, and the national dish of Bosnia and Hercegovina.
The Balkans have a great range of beer, wine and distilled beverages. Muslim communities usually substitute alcohol with tea and fruit juices. Coffee is common, in Turkish and Italian styles.
Serbia and Bulgaria have particularly longstanding traditions of wine-making, dating to ancient times.
Rakı is a sweetened liquor, originally from Turkey, produced in most Balkan countries, usually consumed as an aperitif.
Yoghurt is eaten plain, and as a condiment. Ayran is a light drink made from yoghurt and salt.
This travel topic about Balkan cuisines is an outline and needs more content. It has a template, but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow!


Garden Action
The premier gardening information source
How To Clear An Allotment (page 2)
How To Clear An Allotment
(page 2)
Whilst clearing 90% of the height of the weeds and grass you will probably have also cleared any large debris which is step 2 of clearing an allotment. If not, do it now. When you do this, store any rubble or bricks for use later on when mulching with black plastic, it will be useful in weighting it to the ground.
If you are cutting down any twigs, save these as well to use as supports for bean plants.
For step 3, we hired a rotovator to break up the soil surface. The allotment owner next to us used a rake however and it was definitely hard work. It also did little to break up the soil surface. However, if money is short, using a rake is obviously the way to clear the remaining weeds. It also has the benefit of removing all surface weeds and dramatically reduces the chances of weed and grass re-growth.
Before hiring a rotovator though, consider the following:
1. What will the weather be like on the day you choose to rotovate the allotment? If it's raining it's not really worth rotovating an allotment, you will simply end up in a mud bath. So keep an eye on the weather forecast a few days beforehand.
2. Talk to the hire company a week or so beforehand and find out if you need to book the rotovator. If you do need to book, what is the deposit and what happens to your deposit if rain makes it impossible to use the rotovator?
3. How will you get the rotovator from the hire company to your allotment? Many companies will deliver free but some won't or charge for it.
4. Is it feasible to get the rotovator from the entrance to the allotments to your particular allotment?
If you hire a rotovator to break up the soil surface don't expect too much. It will break up the top 5cm (2in) or so, which is a great help, but it will not fully cultivate the ground. It will also definitely require digging later. However, it will break up the surface and make the digging task very much easier.
Ask the hire shop which type of rotovator is best for your allotment and take their advice. If you hire a rotovator which is not up to the job it will be a waste of money. We ended up with a powerful hydraulic rotovator and it was well worth the money.
Result of one pass of the rotovator. Click to enlarge Also, don't underestimate the physical effort which will be required to control the rotovator! It will follow contours in the ground very strongly. Our advice is to hire the rotovator for one day only. Any more is a waste of time unless you are Tarzan and have loads of stamina. Do whatever you can in a day and deal with the rest in a different way.
The picture above (click it to enlarge it) shows the result of one pass of the rotovator. We found it necessary to go over the same ground twice and in some places three times.


- FREE
 - Chelsea, London
National Army Museum
 - FREE
 - Chelsea, London
Regiments and Corps
19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own)
19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) formed up, 1882
The first use of the numeral 19 for a British Army line cavalry regiment was in 1786, when the 23rd Light Dragoons was renumbered. This unit had originally been raised in 1781 and was the first ever British cavalry regiment to operate in India.
There, it fought against Tipu Sultan in the Third and Fourth Mysore Wars (1790-92 and 1799), including service at Seringapatam (1799). It later fought Dhoondia Wao in 1800 and served under Arthur Wellesley at Assaye (1803) during the Second Maratha War (1803-05). In 1806, it took part in the suppression of the Vellore mutiny.
The regiment's last years in India were spent on garrison duties. It then sailed to Canada to fight in the War of 1812 (1812-15). It became the 19th Lancers in 1816, before finally disbanding in 1821.
Cap badge, 19th (Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars, c1896
Officer's lance, 19th (Light) Dragoons (Lancers), 1820
The second regiment to bear the numeral was the 19th Hussars. This title was given to the 1st Bengal European Light Cavalry when it moved from the East India Company's service to the British Army in 1862. The unit had originally been formed in 1858 for service during the Indian Mutiny (1857-59).
In 1871, the 19th Hussars first arrived in England. Three years later, it was deemed the successor unit of the 19th Lancers and allowed to keep their battle honours.
19th Hussars formed up at Giza, Egypt, 1882
Kettledrum of the 19th Hussars, 1909
Which of the following was a nickname of the 11th Hussars?
The Lumpies
The Stumpies
The Dumpies
Did you know?
East India Company cavalry regiments waived the minimum height requirement of British Army cavalry units. As a result, the earliest members of the 19th Hussars were nicknamed 'Dumpies' owing to their shorter stature.
In 1882, the regiment deployed to Egypt, fighting at Tel el-Kebir in September of that year. It went on to serve in the Sudan during the Mahdist War and fought at Abu Klea (1885).
Following various imperial garrison duties, it later fought in the Boer War (_PHONE_). There, it took part in the defence of Ladysmith and the campaign in Eastern Transvaal.
In 1902, the regiment was re-titled the 19th (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars. And, when Alexandra became Queen Consort in 1908, the name changed to the 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars.
Major AW Parsons, 19th (Queen Alexandra's) Hussars, c1908
World War
It was sent to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force in 1914, with squadrons fighting at Mons, Le Cateau, the Aisne and the Marne in 1914. It served on the Western Front for the rest of the war, including the Second Battles of Ypres (1915), the Somme (1916), Cambrai (1917) and Amiens (1918).
The regiment was retitled the 19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) in January 1921, but disbanded just six months later.
The 19th Hussars was re-formed the following year as a cadre or central core of officers. It was then immediately merged with the 15th The Kings Hussars to form the 15th/19th Hussars.
A Soldiers Life at The Newcastle Discovery Museum
The National Army Museum works together with Regimental and Corps Museums across the country to help provide a network of military museums for everyone to visit and enjoy.
Explore the history and collections of the 19th Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) by visiting the displays of the Light Dragoons and its predecessors at the Discovery Museum in Newcastle.
Find out more
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Toolkit on how to inform young people about their rights
The toolkit on Young People's Access to Rights through Youth Information and Counselling (2015) was developed by the Council of Europe in partnership with the European Youth Information and Counselling Agency (ERYICA). Its main purpose is to assist youth information workers working directly with young people, but it can also be used in other non-formal activities, as it offers many sources of information and inspiration on how to inform young people about their rights in an appealing way.
Only a combination of information and practical experience can ensure that human rights and youth issues will be fully understood and given meaning. Therefore, at the end of the toolkit you will find a list of practical activities to help young people understand human rights better.
* The toolkit is available with full online access in English, French and Russian on links below
- Council of Europe. Manuals and Handbooks. Council of Europe – official website: _URL_
- Council of Europe. 2015. Young people's access to rights through youth information and counselling: _URL_


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Participatory Video created by members of various indigenous communities in Itogon, Philippines, tracking the impacts of large-scale mining and now climate change on their environment and culture.
This film was created by members of various indigenous communities in the Cordillera region of the Philippines, during a Participatory Video project facilitated by InsightShare. The participants were taught to use video cameras during an intensive 9-day PV workshop in the barangay of Garrison, in Itogon, and created this 24-minute film to communicate the devastating impacts of large-scale mining wrought on their communities by various companies over the years, and now the increasingly alarming impacts of climate change.
This project was part of Conversations with the Earth project. Launched in April 2009, Conversations with the Earth is a collective opportunity to build a global movement for an indigenous-controlled community media network. CWE works with a growing network of indigenous groups and communities living in critical ecosystems around the world, from the Atlantic Rainforest to Central Asia, from the Philippines to the Andes, from the Arctic to Ethiopia. Through CWE, these indigenous communities are able to share their story of climate change. Through the creation of sustainable autonomous indigenous media hubs in these regions, CWE fosters a long-term relationship with these communities, based on principles of local control and supporting indigenous media capacity.


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- Results The elderly patients with low rectal cancer had high preoperative misdiagnosis(47.1%),high accompanied diseases(67.6%),high rate of resection(94.1%),high postoperative complications(42.7%).
- The tour will be accompanied by a trained nurse.
- Lightening is usually accompanied by thunder.
- The dish was accompanied by a variety of pickles.
- The text is accompanied by illustration.
- This journey was to be accompanied by haps.


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By Sola Ogundipe
A MENTAL health expert and representative of LifeLine International Continental, Prof Taiwo Lateef Sheikh, has called for renewed approach towards tackling the challenge of suicide in Nigeria and africa as a whole.
Sheikh, who spoke as Nigeria joined the rest of the world to mark the 2023 World Suicide Prevention Day, said,"There is no one-size-fits-all solution to this challenge. In Africa, attitudes towards suicide are deeply intertwined with cultural, traditional, and religious beliefs. We need to change these perceptions, address myths, and provide support to those in need. Our approach must align with our cultural values to create lasting impact.
"We support the establishment of frameworks for suicide prevention and evidence-based suicide prevention interventions within communities in partnership with local players, and campaign to change the law in countries where suicide remains a crime, and wherever other laws restrict access to life-saving help."
He observed that suicide remains a significant issue across the African continent, which is home to six of the 10 countries with the highest suicide rates in the world, but said with access to timely and available crisis support services,lives can be saved.
"As we mark World Suicide Prevention Day in 2023, under the theme "Creating hope through action", we believe that by talking about suicide, and by providing better access to evidence-based interventions, we have the power to change the misconceptions and beliefs about suicide, and prevent this tragic loss of life across Africa."
Sheikh said across Africa, insufficient public spending on mental health and suicide prevention is a major barrier for providing assistance, noting that the role of frontline organisations such as LifeLine International's Members is doubly important.
He regretted that mental health, including the risk of suicide, affects millions of people across Africa even as stigma and cultural misconceptions often compound these issues.
"Effective suicide prevention can only take place through a whole-of-society approach that involves the government, CSOs, and community leaders. Tackling suicide and creating environments where individuals feel supported – and comfortable enough to seek help – requires reshaping attitudes.
He called for commitment d to advocating for and supporting policy change, including in the most challenging environments where suicide remains a crime. Criminalisation is counterproductive, reinforcing stigma and creating barriers for individuals seeking help. It is an unnecessary measure that does not deter suicide.
According to the World Health Organisation, WHO, suicide is a major public health problem with far-reaching social, emotional and economic consequences.
"Creating Hope Through Action" is the triennial theme for the World Suicide Prevention Day from 2021-2023. The theme serves as a powerful call to action and reminder that there is an alternative to suicide and that through our actions we can encourage hope and strengthen prevention.
The post SUICIDE PREVENTION: We must change our perceptions, provide support — SHEIKH appeared first on Vanguard News.


Entries open for Honi Soit 2021 Writing Competition
USyd Love Letters loves me not
All love letters are equal but some are more equal than others
Artwork by Shrawani Bhattarai
With over 15,300 followers, USyd Love Letters Revived (USyd LLR) is a source of entertainment for many students, a place where the innermost desires of classmates are externalised and a site for the odd shout out, and joke letter to a friend. As a place which enables people to anonymously submit letters without fear of judgement, it is unsurprising, then, that the page provides a relatively stable dataset of the types of people USyd students love and how they describe or sell themselves as potential suitors.
Despite anonymous spaces being technically judgement-free spaces, they can be monopolised or hijacked by exclusive, but not necessarily discriminatory, discourses which deter the participation of certain people like myself, highlighting preconceived expectations and influencing our sense of belonging.
The first post of USyd LLR is a pinned admin post dating back to 24 October 2018. Despite the good intentions of the author, it unwittingly reinforces heteronormative stereotypes by explicitly giving advice to guys who like girls ("for the guys…with the girl/s") and vice versa ("for the girls…if there is a guy"), in turn, entrenching an expectation that readers are straight and monogamous, while also assuming gender roles to a degree.
Though it remains arguable that there are more straight people at USyd, it is possible to give advice which is inclusive to everyone. Doing this is far from difficult. In fact, the admin does manage to do this by not assuming the gender of people's partners in their further advice in the comments section.
Going down the page, other posts reveal varying expectations underlying stereotypes manifested in the requirements and characteristics people demand in a potential suitor. While some desired characteristics are arguably petty, like the degrees people study, ethnic and cultural preferences subtly influence the letters on the page and the big debate remains whether it is acceptable to have a monoracial or monocultural preference.
While there are definitely open love letters, you often find letters which require someone to be of a particular racial or cultural background. Out of a randomly selected set of 30 letters, 13 were open and 17 had an obvious ethnic preference. However, while it may be easy to accuse those with such requirements as racist, and there are undoubtedly some who are, familial and cultural expectations permeate such requirements.
Indeed, some letters often jokingly mention these underlying influences. A recent letter laments the difficulties of finding the "perfect person," within constraints defined by parents who would much rather have you "marry in the same race/religion." Another letter mentions after making a ethnic preference, "We're all kidding ourselves if we think there's not a point where we're going to ditch our parents' requirements."
Akin to these racial and cultural preferences, the manner in which people describe themselves online can also highlight preconceived expectations. Racial and cultural identity is a tricky area to navigate in online spaces. While personal identity is meant to be something we own and something we should be proud of, that does not mean they are immune to preconceived expectations.
For example, religious identity can involve moral beliefs on how people should behave. In that sense, a queer and affirming person of faith can be harmed (and very much excluded) when someone else is 'proud' of their religious identity and assume all others of that identity should act in a certain way. This extends to cultures where monocultural relationships are ingrained.
In these cultures, individuals are subtly geared towards an expectation, a performance consistent with those around them, such that they ought to like a specific type of person and a failure to do so results in the risk of social isolation. Cultural expectations ultimately explain the preferences of some letters in USyd LLR.
On a daily basis, I experience the wrath of both racial/cultural and heteronormative expectations. As a gay man who is typically masculine-presenting, I often feel an expectation that I am supposed to be straight or that I am straight-acting. Because I choose not to conform to the stereotypically gay image, I am expected to conform to typically masculine gender roles. As someone who lives in Australia and comes from a Chinese cultural background, I feel like I am being judged as inauthentic or simply white-washed because I don't conform to stereotypical Asian ideals, and values such as being 'hardworking,' socially conservative and family-orientated.
These expectations, in turn, weaken my sense of belonging. More often than not, I wonder if someone will ever love me.
Yet, while USyd LLR and other university love letter platforms are generally light-hearted sources of entertainment, we can all aspire to be more inclusive when we talk about love. Though I am not suggesting that USyd LLR is an exclusionary platform, it remains paramount that we don't make assumptions of people because of their racial or cultural background, nor that people are straight unless said otherwise. For example, writing public love letters addressed to 'the boys', 'the girls', or your love interest expecting they're straight may be unremarkable to you, but it can negatively affect queer people's sense of belonging. For most of us, the public sphere is an exclusionary space, and online love letters platforms which confer the protection of anonymity, are some of the few spaces we have routine access to.
Equally, the onus is on us to take care to understand our attraction without assuming anything on the basis of someone's background. I don't expect that we will be perfect, but we can all do our part in making our online spaces more inclusive.


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Chapter 7 Connections
Connections are used in R in the sense of Chambers (1998) and Ripley (2001), a set of functions to replace the use of file names by a flexible interface to file-like objects.
7.1 Types of connections
The most familiar type of connection will be a file, and file connections are created by function
file. File connections can (if the OS will allow it for the particular file) be opened for reading or writing or appending, in text or binary mode. In fact, files can be opened for both reading and writing, and R keeps a separate file position for reading and writing.
Note that by default a connection is not opened when it is created. The rule is that a function using a connection should open a connection (needed) if the connection is not already open, and close a connection after use if it opened it. In brief, leave the connection in the state you found it in. There are generic functions
close with methods to explicitly open and close connections.
Files compressed via the algorithm used by
gzip can be used as connections created by the function
gzfile, whereas files compressed by
bzip2 can be used via
Unix programmers are used to dealing with special files
stderr. These exist as terminal connections in R. They may be normal files, but they might also refer to input from and output to a GUI console. (Even with the standard Unix R interface,
stdin refers to the lines submitted from
readline rather than a file.)
The three terminal connections are always open, and cannot be opened or closed.
stderr are conventionally used for normal output and error messages respectively. They may normally go to the same place, but whereas normal output can be re-directed by a call to
sink, error output is sent to
stderr unless re-directed by
sink, type="message"). Note carefully the language used here: the connections cannot be re-directed, but output can be sent to other connections.
Text connections are another source of input. They allow R character vectors to be read as if the lines were being read from a text file. A text connection is created and opened by a call to
textConnection, which copies the current contents of the character vector to an internal buffer at the time of creation.
Text connections can also be used to capture R output to a character vector.
textConnection can be asked to create a new character object or append to an existing one, in both cases in the user's workspace. The connection is opened by the call to
textConnection, and at all times the complete lines output to the connection are available in the R object. Closing the connection writes any remaining output to a final element of the character vector.
Pipes are a special form of file that connects to another process, and pipe connections are created by the function
pipe. Opening a pipe connection for writing (it makes no sense to append to a pipe) runs an OS command, and connects its standard input to whatever R then writes to that connection. Conversely, opening a pipe connection for input runs an OS command and makes its standard output available for R input from that connection.
Sockets can also be used as connections via function
socketConnection on platforms which support Berkeley-like sockets (most Unix systems, Linux and Windows). Sockets can be written to or read from, and both client and server sockets can be used.
7.2 Output to connections
We have described functions
sink as writing to a file, possibly appending to a file if argument
append = TRUE, and this is what they did prior to R version 1.2.0.
The current behaviour is equivalent, but what actually happens is that when the
file argument is a character string, a file connection is opened (for writing or appending) and closed again at the end of the function call. If we want to repeatedly write to the same file, it is more efficient to explicitly declare and open the connection, and pass the connection object to each call to an output function. This also makes it possible to write to pipes, which was implemented earlier in a limited way via the syntax
file = "|cmd" (which can still be used).
There is a function
writeLines to write complete text lines to a connection.
Some simple examples are
zz <- file("ex.data", "w") # open an output file connection cat("TITLE extra line", "2 3 5 7", "", "11 13 17", file = zz, sep = "\n") cat("One more line\n", file = zz) close(zz) ## convert decimal point to comma in output, using a pipe (Unix) ## both R strings and (probably) the shell need \ doubled zz <- pipe(paste("sed s/\\\\./,/ >", "outfile"), "w") cat(format(round(rnorm(100), 4)), sep = "\n", file = zz) close(zz) ## now look at the output file: file.show("outfile", delete.file = TRUE) ## capture R output: use examples from help(lm) zz <- textConnection("ex.lm.out", "w") sink(zz) example(lm, prompt.echo = "> ") sink() close(zz) ## now 'ex.lm.out' contains the output for futher processing. ## Look at it by, e.g., cat(ex.lm.out, sep = "\n")
7.3 Input from connections
The basic functions to read from connections are
readLines. These take a character string argument and open a file connection for the duration of the function call, but explicitly opening a file connection allows a file to be read sequentially in different formats.
Other functions that call
scan can also make use of connections, in particular
Some simple examples are
## read in file created in last examples readLines("ex.data") unlink("ex.data") ## read listing of current directory (Unix) readLines(pipe("ls -1")) # remove trailing commas from an input file. # Suppose we are given a file 'data' containing 450, 390, 467, 654, 30, 542, 334, 432, 421, 357, 497, 493, 550, 549, 467, 575, 578, 342, 446, 547, 534, 495, 979, 479 # Then read this by scan(pipe("sed -e s/,$// data"), sep=",")
For convenience, if the
file argument specifies a FTP, HTTP or HTTPS URL, the URL is opened for reading via
url. Specifying files via 'file://foo.bar' is also allowed.
C programmers may be familiar with the
ungetc function to push back a character onto a text input stream. R connections have the same idea in a more powerful way, in that an (essentially) arbitrary number of lines of text can be pushed back onto a connection via a call to
Pushbacks operate as a stack, so a read request first uses each line from the most recently pushbacked text, then those from earlier pushbacks and finally reads from the connection itself. Once a pushbacked line is read completely, it is cleared. The number of pending lines pushed back can be found via a call to
A simple example will show the idea.
> zz <- textConnection(LETTERS) > readLines(zz, 2) "A" "B" > scan(zz, "", 4) Read 4 items "C" "D" "E" "F" > pushBack(c("aa", "bb"), zz) > scan(zz, "", 4) Read 4 items "aa" "bb" "G" "H" > close(zz)
Pushback is only available for connections opened for input in text mode.
7.4 Listing and manipulating connections
A summary of all the connections currently opened by the user can be found by
showConnections(), and a summary of all connections, including closed and terminal connections, by
showConnections(all = TRUE)
The generic function
seek can be used to read and (on some connections) reset the current position for reading or writing. Unfortunately it depends on OS facilities which may be unreliable (e.g. with text files under Windows). Function
isSeekable reports if
seek can change the position on the connection given by its argument.
truncate can be used to truncate a file opened for writing at its current position. It works only for
file connections, and is not implemented on all platforms.
7.5 Binary connections
writeBin read to and write from binary connections. A connection is opened in binary mode by appending
"b" to the mode specification, that is using mode
"rb" for reading, and mode
"ab" (where appropriate) for writing. The functions have arguments
readBin(con, what, n = 1, size = NA, endian =.Platform$endian) writeBin(object, con, size = NA, endian =.Platform$endian)
In each case
con is a connection which will be opened if necessary for the duration of the call, and if a character string is given it is assumed to specify a file name.
It is slightly simpler to describe writing, so we will do that first.
object should be an atomic vector object, that is a vector of mode
raw, without attributes. By default this is written to the file as a stream of bytes exactly as it is represented in memory.
readBin reads a stream of bytes from the file and interprets them as a vector of mode given by
what. This can be either an object of the appropriate mode (e.g.
what=integer()) or a character string describing the mode


text:
Alabama DUI Look Back Period
Question: What Is a Look Back Period? What Is the Look Back Period for a DUI in Alabama?
Answer: In DUI jurisprudence, the look back period is the term used in how far back a sentencing court can look at a person's record to determine the number of prior DUI convictions they have to then be used to increase the person's sentence if they're convicted or plead guilty. In Alabama, the current law as of July 2018 says that a court can look back ten (10) years for mandatory sentence enhancement; however, a sentencing court can look at a person's entire lifetime record from a discretionary standpoint. In terms of the look back period, you go by the date of conviction not by the date of arrest to determine the number of convictions within the look back period. → Right-click here to download the audio for this question.
Watch Our Helpful DUI Videos Below:
- Refuse the Breath Test
- One-Leg Stand Field Sobriety Test
- DUI Walk-and-Turn Test
- Failing the Roadside Breath Test
- Failing the Official Breath Test
- DUI Breath Test Machine
- Identifying Suspected Drunk Drivers
- Pulled Over For DUI by the Police
- Innocent Person Pleading Guilty For DUI
- DUI Impact of Fever on Breath Test


text:
Probabilistic Nowcasting of Winter Weather for Airports
"The PNOWWA project will produce methods for the probabilistic short-term forecasting of winter weather and enable the assessment of the uncertainty in the ground part of 4D trajectories. 4D trajectory management is a necessary concept to meet future growth in air traffic; probabilistic forecasts will be used in ATM applications to support operational planning in surface management and ATM decision making, thereby increasing airport capacity, shortening delays and promoting safety.
PNOWWA will demonstrate very short-term (0-3h, "nowcast") probabilistic winter weather forecasts in 15min time resolution based on an extrapolation of movement of weather radar echoes and improve predictability of changes in snowfall intensity caused by underlying terrain (such as mountains and seas). Research demonstrations are conducted both offline and online at the Operative User Environment (OUE) site representing influence of the underlying terrain to forecast accuracy. An extensive user consultation will analyze needs to ensure products are suitable to be integrated in various applications on the ATM side. The adjustment to user needs will cover the most relevant parameters (visibility, intensity and snow depth) and operationally important thresholds of the selected parameters (e.g. heavy snowfall).
The PNOWWA project has linkages to completed work in ongoing EU SESAR1 program, where FMI developed Step 1 (Time Based Operations) winter weather solutions based on deterministic forecasts to local OUE. The initial concept of short-range snowfall forecasts improvement with usage of weather radar has been validated in that context, and the second phase solutions (Step 2: Trajectory-based Operations) will be developed in EU SESAR 2020 program. The proposed PNOWWA project will develop the methods for deducing probability forecasts of winter weather required by SESAR 2020. PNOWWA project will also deliver a roadmap towards implementation with connection points in future SESAR projects."


text:
Press the 'Settings' button on your phone to access the on-screen menu then select the Preferences menu and navigate to the desired sub-menu option. To change the ring tone navigate to the Tones menu. To change the display contrast navigate to the Display menu. To change the volume navigate to the Audio menu. Follow the on-screen instructions for making changes.
Articles in this section
- How do I create a new user extension?
- How to assign a user to a phone
- How do I create a group?
- Creating an Auto Attendant
- How to Create a Schedule
- How to setup how inbound calls are handled
- How do I access my voicemail box?
- How do I access my voicemail messages left for my Group?
- How do I setup different functions on my deskphone?
- How to add contacts to my Yealink's local directory


Native Pathways: People and the Land
Investigate the interdependence of people, land, and wildlife through a variety of hands-on activities and explorations. Compare and contrast our current way of life and how it has changed over the centuries through our use of land, natural resources, and technological developments. How have our changing interactions with the natural world effected local habitats, ecosystems and climate?
Program Location(s):
Drumlin Farm, Lincoln
4, 5, 6
 - 2 hour program: $10.00/student
 3 hour program: $12.00/student
 4 hour program: $14.00/student


text:
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Compared with GVF based ACM, when the initial active contour stops deformation, our method continues to scan the active contour and search for the false part. Then, magnetic force field around the false part is computed, and the new external force field is generated. Thus, the active contour has opportunities to be adjusted for more times until there is no false part. Therefore, computing cost of our method is higher than these existing ACMs. However, our method performs faster than the magnetostatic ACM. The magnetostatic ACM calculates magnetic force of every point in active contour and updates the external force field for each deformation, while our method calculates the magnetic force field only when the false active contour appears. Our method updates the external force field only if needed, which makes its computational efficiency better than that of magnetostatic ACM.
4.3. Results on Real Images
Our improved GVF based ACM are tested on some real images of objects with complex boundaries, for example, fish, plane, fire, shell, as shown in Figure 9, and the initial active contours successfully converge to the deep concavities after a number of iterations. Then, our method is used to process medical data including MRI and ultrasound images, as illustrated in Figure 10. The active contours move to image edges correctly, and the object boundaries are extracted with high precision. From the 2nd to 4th rows, the 1st and 2nd columns are regions of interest and the 3rd column are initial active contours, while the 4th column are correctly converged active contours.
GVF based ACM has the large capture range due to its external force field, but it has difficulty to converge the active contour to deep concavities of object boundary. In this paper, we proposed an improved method for GVF with the help of magnetic force field from magnetostatic ACM. Our method uses global information to calculate the basic GVF external force field to adjust the initial active contour and then uses local information to determine the false part of active contour and calculate the magnetic force field for the false contour. The new external force field is obtained through addition of GVF external force field and magnetic force field and is used to drive the active contour to converge again. These operations are repeated until there is no false part of the stopped active contour. The key techniques of our method include a new algorithm to determine the false part of active contour and a new algorithm to update the external force field.
Based on a lot of experiments, the new method has been tested and analyzed. Compared with the existing ACMs, our method has better performance for edge extraction, even for boundaries with very deep concavities. Our method also has higher computational efficiency than magnetostatic ACM.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program no. 2011CB707904), Science and Technology Bureau of Suzhou Municipality (no. SH201115), Science and Technology Bureau of Wuhan Municipality (no. 201150124001), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China, Natural Science Fund of China (no. 61272276), and R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare (no. GYHY201106047).
- B. C. Lucas, Y. Otake, M. Armand, and R. H. Taylor, "An active contour method for bone cement reconstruction from C-arm X-ray images," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 860–869, 2012.
- J. Zhao, G. Liang, Z. Yuan, and D. Zhang, "A new method of breakpoint connection using curve features for contour vectorization," Electronics and Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 79–82, 2012.
- W. Kim and C. Kim, "Active contours driven by the salient edge energy model," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1667–1673, 2013.
- M. Kass, A. Witkin, and D. Terzopoulos, "Snakes: active contour models," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 321–331, 1988.
- K. W. Sum and P. Y. S. Cheung, "Boundary vector field for parametric active contours," Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1635–1645, 2007.
- L. D. Cohen and I. Cohen, "Finite-element methods for active contour models and balloons for 2-D and 3-D images," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1131–1147, 1993.
- C. Xu and J. L. Prince, "Snakes, shapes, and gradient vector flow," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 359–369, 1998.
- T. McInerney and D. Terzopoulos, "T-snakes: topology adaptive snakes," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 73–91, 2000.
- R. Malladi, J. A. Sethian, and B. C. Vemuri, "Shape modeling with front propagation: a level set approach," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 158–175, 1995.
- L. A. Vese and T. F. Chan, "A multiphase level set framework for image segmentation using the Mumford and Shah model," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 271–293, 2002.
- V. Caselles, R. Kimmel, and G. Sapiro, "Geodesic active contours," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 61–79, 1997.
- X. Xie and M. Mirmehdi, "MAC: magnetostatic active contour model," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 632–646, 2008.
- T. Wang, I. Cheng, and A. Basu, "Fluid vector flow and applications in brain tumor segmentation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 781–789, 2009.
- C. Li, C. Xu, C. Gui, and M. D. Fox, "Level set evolution without re-initialization: a new variational formulation," in Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '05), pp. 430–436, June 2005.
- L. He, Z. Peng, B. Everding et al., "A comparative study of deformable contour methods on medical image segmentation," Image and Vision Computing, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 141–163, 2008.
- B. Olstad and A. H. Torp, "Encoding of a priori information in active contour models," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 863–872, 1996.
- B. Li and S. T. Acton, "Vector field convolution for image segmentation using snakes," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '06), pp. 1637–1640, October 2006.
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Copyright © 2013 Jianhui Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Posts Tagged 'earth'
158. Your heart is green
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
Is by inclusion of the earth
That is around them
The earth drinks the thoughts of the sky
And if you look at
How the earth is speaking body language
You'll see
That the intensity of your pain
Is gone
Your fields are organized and loved
Your heart is green.
It is about my nerves growing, eating what the body has to offer them. The thoughts of the sky that feed the earth are my thoughts that create my body, and having changed my thoughts, the body, which is earth too, responds accordingly.
This is what my intuition says.
154. Parts play with parts
What is now
What is now
From here down it is earth
But earth does not exist
From here up it is heaven
But heaven does not exist
So what does?
The immediate experience here now
And what does it say?
The light has given birth
To the soft flesh
The soft flesh has separated
And parts play with parts
Imagining ins and outs
Firmnesses and softnesses
But look:
Up in the air
The angels caress us all
Breathing eternity.
So tell me: Who are you? Are you the parts? Are you the light? Are you the angels? Or are you eternity? What do you want to do now?
138. Just an innuendo passing through
Thinking in earth colors
Thinking in earth colors
The earth came
To take over
The delicate airiness.
Floating in layers
It is here
It is thinking in earth colors
A sand dune cloud
Is coming and
It will be as if nothing happened
Just an innuendo
Passing through.
113. Always all of it
Coming from the earth
Coming from the earth
Bend forward and blow a bubble in front of you
In it you'll see a faint image of a hero
That you were
From your thoughts
Create an evolution of suns
Which are what you will be
You are coming from the earth
It seems
Standing on it
You perform your magical deeds
But you are that energy
That comes from deeper than the earth
To make the earth
To make you
And your miracles
Do you like the taste of it?
You have never been a hero
You will never be an evolution of suns
Because you are always
All of it.
All of it.
107. Minnie Mouse
Fluffily flowing
Fluffily flowing
Climbing with ease
Changing colors
Pretending to be a woman
Or maybe a scarf
Maybe a flower after the party
And maybe it is Minnie Mouse
And she is just looking at you
Before she leaves the screen
With everything fluffily flowing
Behind her
And maybe when she leaves
The joy will stay
And then leave too
As everything does here
On earth
And can an even greater joy
Come after that?
103. Yesterday and today (Straight talk)
Three bodies in the sky
Three bodies in the sky
 Deep under the surface
Are talking rocks
Telling stories
And elbowing each other.
In the sky
Three main bodies float
One is the way some parts of the whole
Stick together
Awaiting resolution
Another is the collection of cans and can'ts
The third is an angel
Who promises that the legs are good.
In the vast landscape
The rocks, the fields
And the hazy horizon
Consider everything they see
As the higher sky above it all
Like teeth i an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
With the roots that they send
Into the jaw
Like bubbles of air
Caught in pockets
Like doctors in white gowns
Or maybe angels
Arranging everything in the best way
With love and laughter
Like warmth
Like kindness
Like the way it has to be
And it is.
Like countries with wars and complications
And borders everywhere
Like lakes and yellow sands
And the big sea
But still blue
And deep.
Like maps
For the shapes of clothing
That will move in the air
While being held by our bodies
Walking on this earth
Talking with each other
Knowing that nothing has ever moved
But the mind.
95. The letter "g"
The letter "g"
The letter "g"
I see it is about the letter "g"
And it is me
Am I falling?
Am I struggling to survive?
Am I becoming a blur of nice colors?
Nice story, fellow
Was nice to meet with you here
On earth.
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The healing process
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text:
The Wrong Roof at the Right Time
The last half of the 19th century was not kind to the old Spanish missions. Even the former headquarters of the mission chain, San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was abandoned. The land was sold, right up to the walls of the church. By 1850 the wooden roof of the abandoned structure had rotted and partially collapsed. The church stood roofless for thirty years until Fr. Angelo Casanova arrived on the scene.
ANGELO CASANOVA was appointed resident pastor of the Catholic Church in Monterey in 1870. He took a special interest in the old mission and periodically held services in the largely undamaged sacristy. This painting, which is in the collection of the California Historical Society, shows him leading a group of Indian worshipers into the sacristy for a baptism.
Fr. Casanova decided to raise money to repair the church in time to honor the centennial of Fr. Junipero Serra's who died at the mission on August 28, 1784. By the spring of 1884 the church had a new roof. Unfortunately there wasn't enough money or time to reconstruct the original roof, which was arched (see the stone arch showing in the painting). Instead a sharply pitched roof was put on the church. Even though it saved the precious building from further deterioration, the roof was widely criticized for marring the graceful lines of the original structure.
Fr. Casanova served as pastor of the Monterey church for twenty-three years, until 1893, and continued his efforts to restore San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo to its former glory. However the 'temporary' roof wasn't replaced for a half a century. Photographs of Mission Carmel in 1920s feature the steeply pitched room.
When the master mission restorer Harry Downie (_PHONE_) began his decades-long effort to restore Mission Carmel, replacing the "wrong" roof was his highest priority. Downie, a third generation San Franciscan, was a cabinetmaker with a special reputation for the restoration of Spanish antiques. In 1931 he was recruited by Monsignor Philip Scherer, pastor of the Catholic Church in Monterey, to restore some statues at the Carmel Mission but his job quickly expanded to mission restorer. In addition to the exterior and interior restoration of Mission Carmel, Downie was consulted on and helped restore many of the missions that are today considered the most authentic including San Luis Obispo, San Juan Bautista and San Buenaventura. He also assisted the Native Daughters of the Golden West in the rebuilding of Mission Soledad. Harry and his beloved wife Mabel are buried alongside the church of San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, the mission he served so faithfully for 50 years.
While Fr. Casanova's roof was replaced in mid 1930s, the most prominent statue honoring California was done before the replacement. When Fr. Serra was chosen in 1931 to represent the state of California in the rotunda of the national's Capital in Washington DC, the statue of him that was created by Ettore Cadorin shows him with a cross in one hand and a minature of the Carmel church in the other…the church with the wrong roof.


text:
The Learner First is an Amotai registered business in New Zealand. Amotai verifies Māori and Pasifika-owned businesses and holds a national database of Māori and Pasifika-owned businesses that are ready for work. You can read more on their website here.
Curriculum Leads Project
Theory of Change
If kaiako (teachers and others who support learners) are supported to design curricular learning that (1) builds from a shared, cultural understanding of well-being and (2) embeds culturally responsive pedagogical practices, they and their ākonga (learners) will create cultures of well-being in which everyone (ākonga, kaiako, whānau/families) progresses toward self-identified goals.
Developed by The Learner First and the New Zealand Ministry of Education, the Curriculum Lead Project is the culmination of many reports, reviews, and initiatives that pointed to the need for well-being to be incorporated across the many pathways for education and the national curriculum in New Zealand. Designed as a national resource that is regionally based, the Curriculum Lead roles strengthen the Ministry's frontline curriculum resources and engage schools, kura, early learning services, and kōhanga reo to create curriculum that is right for today and tomorrow, supporting the cultures, identities, languages, and well-being of all ākonga.
Across New Zealand, teachers identified that they need more support to include well-being into the design of their learning programs. Desired support centered on:
- a purposeful, integrated, and intentional approach to well-being,
- well-being embedded in local curricular design and marau-ā-kura,
- marau-ā-kura localized to whānau and ākonga aspirations and to the learning context, and
- an emphasis on learning progression and development.
The aim of the Curriculum Leads is to improve how teachers can develop their local curriculum using the resources and guidance to achieve better learning outcomes and enrich their learners' well-being. Leads work with kaiako to design local curriculum that responds to children's wellbeing needs, and to create the right environment in which children and youth will thrive.
In response to identified areas of need, the Curriculum Lead Project was designed with The Learner First's framework to support kaiako to:
Develop a shared language of wellbeing in local contexts.
The foundation of well-being in individual schools, kura, early learning services and kōhanga reo is a shared language and understanding—among learners, kaiako, and whānau—that supports the delivery of learning and development of desired outcomes.
Create a culture of learning and wellbeing for ākonga and their whānau.
The culture of a learning environment determines learners' experiences. Ākonga learn best, and experience the greatest well-being, in environments where they feel known, cared for, and supported to succeed—not only academically, but in all aspects of life. A shared definition of success is determined by weaving national curricula with the aspirations of ākonga and their whānau.
Use curriculum decision making to design teaching and learning that develops wellbeing.
Kaiako learn to use the curriculum as a springboard to wider well-being outcomes, weaving well-being into everyday learning experiences no matter the learning context.
Embed positive and culturally sustaining pedagogical practices.
Processes for improving pedagogy, along with strategies and approaches that have proven effective for developing well-being in an academic setting, give kaiako practical ideas on how to shift practice.
Progress toward self-identified well-being goals.
Progression is at the heart of well-being learning. Kaiako are supported with a range of tools for identifying goals, planning their actions and monitoring progress along the way.
Interested in Learning More?
Contributive Learning develops self-understanding, connection, knowledge, and competency.
When these come together, we add to the world. And that leads to meaning, fulfillment, and well-being.
Reach out today to learn more or get started!
Don't bring down—lift people up.
Don't subtract—add to the world.
Learn to contribute, in your way, every day.


text:
Oberlin College has long cultivated a reputation for advancing cutting-edge thinking and scholarship, and for supporting historically disenfranchised communities. My Name Is My Own takes this work another step forward, organizing exciting conversations within the Oberlin community, across disciplines, and with national scholars and community organizers on the front lines of academic and sociopolitical innovation.
The primary mission of My Name Is My Own is to provide institutional support to Oberlin communities that identify as queer and of color in the broadest senses of those words. In pursuit of this goal, My Name Is My Own supports and creates multiple and varied spaces in order to allow for:
- support, reflection, and community-building within queer communities of color at Oberlin,
- education and confrontation of oppressive praxis in non-queer and or non-of color Oberlin communities and individuals, and
- interand intra-community coalition-building.
These spaces encourage participants to explore the construction and experience of race and sexuality, gender and sex in various communities, foregrounding the experiences, concerns and work of queer people of color.
My Name Is My Own features public lectures, film screenings, artistic and activist performances, workshops, and small discussion groups between students, faculty and national scholars and organizers.