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A-6. Portfolio Review
Target Group: Basic BSN and RN-BSN Students
Policy Type: Revision
To establish a mechanism for assessing, validating and evaluating prior learning in order to award course credit or exemption for undergraduate nursing courses. The portfolio provides evidence that students have acquired the content and skills through prior learning and/or practice experiences.
- Students may validate prior learning (academic work or professional experience) by preparing a portfolio to demonstrate acquisition of content and skills commensurate with outcomes, competencies or objectives of a specific course.
- The portfolio option may be used for a course(s) as long as it does not interfere with other university or school course/credit hour policies related to progression or graduation.
- Portfolio courses are graded as satisfactory (S) or Failure (F). Students who are successful in the portfolio process will be awarded "special credit" for the course in question through the Indiana University Special Credit process.
- To receive portfolio credit, students must be in good academic standing and demonstrate satisfactory progression toward degree requirements.
- Undergraduate students must complete a minimum of 30 credit hours on the campus awarding the degree. Courses/credits which are reviewed for portfolio credit do not count toward undergraduate residency requirements.
- Faculty reserve the right to determine if the student is eligible for the Portfolio alternative. This option will not be entertained when, in the faculty's expert judgment, student learning might be compromised.
- The success of the portfolio depends on the students' ability to present sufficient related materials that meet course objectives/competencies and critical learning experiences.
- The student is responsible for discussing the portfolio option with the nursing advisor prior to contacting the faculty teaching the course for which they are seeking portfolio review. The advisor will assist the student to identify the appropriate instructor.
- Complete the portfolio review form that can be obtained from the Academic Advisor.
- Students pursuing the portfolio option must register for the one credit hour NURS-Z480 BSN Portfolio Review for Course Substitution the semester before the course is required to be taken.
- During Z 480 the faculty and student will determine the feasibility of pursuing the portfolio option. Students will be informed of:
- the portfolio process, the required outcomes, portfolio content.
- the faculty role in assisting the student through the portfolio review process.
- the time frame for completing the portfolio, conducting the review, and making the decision to accept or deny the portfolio.
- Students are required to submit a completed portfolio to the assigned faculty in a three-ring binder and clearly labeled. If more than one course is involved; the documentation for each course should be bound separately.
- Specific documentation materials are required for portfolio validation. Additional supporting data may be provided as appropriate to the course. Required documentation includes:
- A cover page indicating the course for which the portfolio is prepared.
- Content from prior course(s), work experience and professional experience used for validation. If previous academic work is used, the following should be included: course objectives/outcomes, course content outline, assignments (including required readings), number of didactic and clinical hours and performance evaluations if course grade was pass/fail. Dates of experiences must be included.
- If previous work and/or professional experience is used as part, indicate how information on the vitae relates to validation of specific course objectives. Date(s) of experiences must be included. Possible experiences to consider include:
- Level of participation in committees (unit/department, professional, and community); level of participation in professional organizations and other activity which reflects the course outcomes.
- Professional development activities; e.g., workshops attended for CE credit, staff development offerings, professional organization conferences, independent study.
- Professional presentations, e.g., keynote, panelist, poster, etc. Indicate if data based and selection was referred.
- Level of participation in projects including role, specific responsibilities and funding source if applicable.
- Publications including information regarding data based and refereed articles.
- Certifications and other honors.
- Copies of documents that relate to philosophy, goals, objectives, job descriptions, policies, etc., may be submitted as evidence. Date(s) of experiences must be included.
- Letters from colleagues, administrators, supervisors and faculty documenting experiences. Date(s) of experiences must be included.
- A written narrative describing how all materials submitted support the achievement of the course objectives.
NOTE: The list above does not represent an exhaustive list of acceptable documents. Students may submit other supporting evidence.
- The portfolio will be reviewed by content experts associated with the designated course. The individual(s) reviewing portfolio materials may request a personal interview or more materials to gather additional information.
- Portfolio decisions will be formally documented in the student's record. Students who are successful in the portfolio process will be awarded "special credit" for the course in question through the Indiana University Special Credit process.
- The portfolio will be reviewed by faculty with teaching expertise in the practice area(s) to be validated. The faculty will make a recommendation for approval to the Admission, Progression, Graduation (APG) committee. The process should be completed in a timely fashion.
- The APG committee may:
- Award special credit for the course petitioned based on the evidence provided.
- Request that the course be approved with minor additional requirements.
- Deny special credit because the evidence presented was not strong enough to validate course objectives/outcomes. The student will then be informed that he/she must register for and successfully complete the designated course.
- Require the student to register for the course or for independent credit and complete, with the assistance of the faculty, outcomes/objectives not met in the portfolio.
- The portfolio review decision is forwarded to the Dean of the School of Nursing.
- The Academic advisor will facilitate the awarding of special credit on the student's transcript.
Effective Date: Spring 1987
Approved by: Admission, Progression, Graduation Committee: February 8, 2010
Approved by: Council of Nursing Faculty: March 15, 2010
- A-1 Academic Standing for Students Enrolled in the Nursing Major
- A-2 Baccalaureate Admission Policy
- A-3 Calculating Grade Point Averages for Students Applying to the BSN Program
- A-4 Academically At-Risk Students
- A-5 Admission and Readmission Practices
- A-6 Portfolio Review
- A-7 Special Credit / Advanced Standing


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"The authors coach students through processes of conceptualizing the dissertation and treating it as an integral dimension of the journey of living. They enable students to develop the dissertation into a line of inquiry that evolves and enriches a career in academe or practical leadership."
—William H. Schubert, Professor of Education, Director of Graduate Studies
University of Illinois at Chicago
Make reflection an integral part of your dissertation journey!
Most dissertation guides offer a basic recipe for the research and writing process. Like those books, this resource provides all the necessary steps for crafting and conducting a qualitative dissertation, but it also adds one key ingredient: reflection.
This book guides students through the issues and questions that may arise as they conduct qualitative research, taking a reflective, experiential approach to turn student-researchers into instruments of inquiry. The authors show readers how to integrate themselves into the research and writing process by using their own beliefs, experiences, interests, and strengths. Updated with new examples and cases, this comprehensive resource guides readers through the process of:
- Preparing for the dissertation journey
- Rethinking the concepts of method and data
- Working through the proposal process
- Defending the dissertation
- Living life after the dissertation
This essential guide helps student-researchers learn both the practical aspects of writing a qualitative dissertation as well as the mental and emotional preparation required for success.
The second edition of The Qualitative Dissertation is a major revision of the book with the addition of new material, substantial reorganization of information, and the incorporation of new features.
The concept of "cycles of deliberation" served as the organizing principle of the first edition. While the recursive nature of interpretive inquiry remains an important message of the book, greater emphasis has been given to the concept of "self as instrument of inquiry" and the centrality of constructing texts in interpretive inquiry. Information has been added to clarify the nature of knowledge claims generated through interpretive studies. Additionally, more emphasis is placed on encouraging doctoral students to relate concepts of qualitative research to their own experience, beliefs, talents, and sensibilities. This has led to several new features in individual chapters as well as some reorganization of the book.
The contents of the book have been organized into four sections. The first three highlight phases of the dissertation journey—facing the journey, preparing for the journey, and living through the journey. Case Examples of interpretive dissertations have been removed from individual chapters and consolidated into a fourth section for easier reference. A key to the Case Examples is also included on the inside of the front cover. Many chapters have been given new titles to clarify the conceptual content being presented. In addition, the content of the book has been divided into shorter chapters to make complex concepts more accessible.
New features within chapters include a preliminary listing of key concepts to be discussed. The reference list has been updated and sidebars have been added in many chapters to help readers locate references of relevance to particular topics. A key feature is the addition of "Reflective Interludes" which prompt readers to think carefully about their own assumptions about, conceptions of, and capacities for interpretive dissertation research. Textboxes highlighting criteria for judging the merits of interpretive dissertations have been added. The Index has been greatly expanded and refined.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Linking nutrition programs with Safe Routes to School's focus on physical activity is enabling schools in Orange County, Fla., to target school wellness with a holistic approach designed to reduce childhood obesity.
Orange County Public Schools, the 11th largest school district in the nation, requires that each of its schools form a Healthy School Team. Dr. Toni Moody, founder of the non-profit Health Masters Club, viewed Safe Routes to School as the physical activity component of health promotion among schoolchildren. She used SRTS to complement the Team Nutrition Initiative, a U.S. Department of Agriculture's program. Her efforts resulted in the Health Masters Club Step Up to School TM wellness program.
Moody, a pediatrician, founded Health Master's Club in 2003 with the primary goal of reducing childhood obesity. In 2007, the Florida Department of Health and Health Masters Club applied for a SRTS grant that would complement the existing school wellness curriculum.
The Florida Department of Health was awarded a $50,000 non-infrastructure grant from the Florida Department of Transportation to pilot the Step Up To School TM wellness initiative at Ivey Lane Elementary School and Wheatley Elementary School, both of which serve about 400 children each from pre-kindergarten to fifth grade. Health Masters Club has a contract with the Orange County Health Department, which reimburses costs for some of the services offered under agreement with Health Masters Club.
"A key factor in the success of our program was establishing linkages with the Florida Department of Health and Orange County Health Department to promote Safe Routes to School as a gateway to making communities healthier," Moody says.
Before beginning the program, the Healthy School teams surveyed parents to identify the top three reasons why they did not allow their children to walk to school. The primary cause was concerns about neighborhood safety. Teachers conducted in-class hand tallies at Wheatley Elementary and Ivey Lane Elementary to determine how many students walked to school both before the program began and at the end of the program's first year. In addition, as part of on-going childhood obesity studies sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, staff and students from a local university measured the Body Mass Index (BMI) of Wheatley Elementary students.
Health Masters Club coordinated a comprehensive education plan at four schools (Ivey Lane Elementary, Wheatley Elementary, Lake Silver Elementary and Apopka Elementary) to promote physical activity among students and to encourage parents' support for walking and bicycling to school. Activities included PTA presentations, letters to families from principals, Wellness Wednesdays on Wheels, a 10-day countdown to Walk to School Day, safety lessons for students and other school arrival options for parents such as "Park and Walk" locations and walking school buses. A 10-lesson safety curriculum was provided to secondand fourth-graders, and Epilepsy Foundation of Central Florida provided bike helmets for every student who completed a bike safety and helmet-fitting module. Healthy School Team teachers were provided mini-grants to become certified in Florida SRTS Case Study: Orange County, Florida SRTS: A Natural Link to School Nutrition Program For more resources and information on Safe Routes to School, please visit the National Center for Safe Routes to School Web site at _URL_. SRTS: A Natural Link to School Nutrition Program Elementary Traffic Safety Education.
To address parents' concerns about neighborhood safety, the Healthy School team reached out to community partners to involve them in the efforts. A county-wide mapping assessment completed by the Orange County Traffic and Engineering Department identified potential minor infrastructure improvements, such as signage and flashers, and a Pedestrian Safety Committee was formed to link the health, transportation and neighborhood stakeholders. Parents participated in a letter-writing campaign to request the safety improvements.
Results from the in-class tallies showed a 37 percent increase in students walking to school at Ivey Lane Elementary and an 18 percent increase at Wheatley Elementary during the program's first year. Crossing guards help keep count of students who walk or bicycle to school. The number of Orange County schools participating in Team Nutrition Challenge has tripled.
"The mission of the SRTS program awesomely complements those of Team Nutrition," Moody says. "It was a good fit to incorporate and promote the healthy eating message along with the importance of physical activity by walking and biking to school."
For these Central Florida communities, combining Safe Routes to School and Team Nutrition has opened new paths to wellness.
"We can do so much more (for obesity prevention)," Moody says. "And the best way to begin, of course, is in your own back yard."
Dr. Toni Moody
Pediatrician and Founder of Health Masters Club
_PHONE_ (cell)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Although or however
It's easy to confuse although and however because they're both used to show a contrast between ideas. But they aren't the same kind of word. Although is used to start a dependent clause (DC). However is used to link two independent clauses (IC) that have a full stop between them.
See if you have mastered the use of these words by trying our quiz!
Date modified: 2020-08-25
End of page content.


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Coos County, Oregon\nCoos County is a county located in the U.S. State of Oregon. It was named after a tribe of Native Americans who dwelt in the area of the future county. As of 2000, the population is 62,779.
|Table of contents|
5 Cities and towns
Economy\nDeposits of gold initially attracted people to the county in the nineteenth century. Between 1890 and 1910, large amounts of coal were mined in the county and shipped to California; production decreased after oil was discovered in that state, and no coal mines in the county have been in production since 1950. These coal fields have been explored for natural gas since 1938, and CDX Gas, a company based in Texas announced in 2003 that they would be drilling two test wells later that year.
Currently, forest products, tourism, fishing and agriculture dominate the Coos County economy. Boating, dairy farming, myrtlewood manufacturing, shipbuilding and repair and agriculture specialty products including cranberries, also play an important role. Untapped rich deposits of iron ore, and lead await development.
There are several port districts in the county: Port of Coos Bay founded in 1909, Port of Coquille River founded in 1912, and Port of Bandon founded in 1913. Coos Bay is considered the best natural harbor between San Francisco Bay and the Puget Sound, and the Port of Coos Bay is the largest forest products shipper in world.
Geography\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,678 km² (1,806 mi²). 4,145 km² (1,600 mi²) of it is land and 533 km² (206 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 11.40% water.
Demographics\nAs of the census2 of 2000, there are 62,779 people, 26,213 households, and 17,457 families residing in the county. The population density is 15/km² (39/mi²). There are 29,247 housing units at an average density of 7/km² (18/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 91.97% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 2.41% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.06% from other races, and 3.17% from two or more races. 3.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 26,213 households out of which 26.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.90% are married couples living together, 9.90% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.40% are non-families. 27.20% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.30% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 2.80.
In the county, the population is spread out with 21.90% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 27.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.10% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 43 years. For every 100 females there are 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $31,542, and the median income for a family is $38,040. Males have a median income of $32,509 versus $22,519 for females. The per capita income for the county is $17,547. 15.00% of the population and 11.10% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 19.90% are under the age of 18 and 9.40% are 65 or older.
History\nAlthough exploration and trapping in the area occurred as early as 1828, the first settlement was established at Empire City in 1853, now part of Coos Bay, Oregon, by members of the Coos Bay Company in 1853.
Coos County was created by the Territorial Legislature from parts of Umpqua County, Oregon and Jackson County, Oregon Counties on December 22, 1853. Curry County, Oregon was created from the southern part in 1855. The county seat was originally at Empire City. In 1895 the legislature permitted the citizens of the county to choose a new county seat. The 1896 vote resulted in moving the seat to Coquille.
The Territorial Legislature granted permission for the development of wagon roads from Coos Bay to Jacksonville, Oregon in 1854 and to Roseburg, Oregon in 1857.
Cities and towns\n*Bandon\n*Barview\n*Bunker Hill\n*Coos Bay\n*Coquille\n*Lakeside\n*Myrtle Point\n*North Bend\n*Powers


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The smell of homemade bread doesn't just make us crave fresh-from-the-oven carbs, it also makes us kinder to strangers — or so a new study claims.
A small team of researchers from France's University of Southern Brittany sent four volunteers to stand outside a clothing store. They sent another four volunteers to stand outside a bakery. As shoppers passed by, the volunteers "accidentally" dropped small personal items, like gloves and handkerchiefs, the NY Daily News reports.
The researchers found that 77 per cent of the shoppers who walked by the volunteers outside the bakery stopped to pick up the dropped items, while only 52 per cent of shoppers stopped outside the clothing store.
The experiment was repeated 400 times, each time leading the researchers to conclude that pleasant smells "trigger a positive mood that leads to a greater degree of altruism, or unconditional concern for the welfare of others," the Daily Mail reports.
Of course, if you're on a diet that's severely limiting your carb intake, the smell of fresh bread might make you hostile rather than hospitable.
The study doesn't indicate if factors like time of day or weather were controlled for in the study.
Watch the video below reporting on the new bread study.


This week's blog post is a little different. I was recently interviewed by Terry Owen of FMNow Magazine for their FM TV YouTube Channel. The interview conveys my thoughts on the Facilities Management industry in South Africa, its challenges as well as its hopes and aspirations. I have to confess to being a little uneasy about what Terry has called the 'Mason Manifesto', although it does have a certain ring to it.
Here are some of the issues that we discussed. Please enjoy but as I say in the video, is about a dialogue, not a monologue so please do leave comments questions or observations at the bottom of this page.
1. (0.42) The New FM Standard for South Africa
 - What will the publication of an FM standard mean for the industry?
 - How does this compare to international standards?
 - Is this a step forward?
 - What are the current issues with the standard?
 - Why is the standard aspirational in intent?
 - Why is outsourcing, not a facilities related decision?
 - Does the standard recognise the strategic value of facilities management?
 - How can the standard be used to improve the image of the facilities management industry?
2. (4.49) Business in Africa
 - What are the challenges of doing business in Africa?
 - What do companies need before venturing into the continent?
 - Who or what is causing the growth of the FM industry in Africa?
 - What are the challenges of delivering to global standards on the African continent?
 - What are the possibilities in Africa?
 - What do we need to be careful of when exporting our knowledge to the continent?
3. (10.30) Building Great Ties with FM Providers
 - What is it that the really successful companies do better than others?
 - Why is FM different from almost all other services?
 - Who are the important stakeholders in the delivery of FM services?
 - Who are the largely forgotten stakeholders?
 - Why is customer satisfaction so elusive?
 - Why is our customer's customer so important?
 - What is the Golden thread that binds all the FM participants together?
 - Why should our service outputs be largely irrelevant?
 - Where are we going with SLA's?
 - What are the perception and experiential risks that we need to take?
4. (19.11) The Benefit of Having Core Values
 - What do core values mean to us in the FM industry?
 - Why are creating dialogue is the objective
 - Why the idea of educating our clients is one of our biggest failings
 - Why values unify and why we need it in facilities management?
 - What should we take for granted as a set of values?
 - What key ingredient should be included in our set of values?
5. (24.38) Making FM more Appealing
 - What are the key things that we need to address if we are to make FM more appealing to our potential customers?
 - What is the appeal of Facilities Management to our future talent?
 - Why a purpose for FM is so important?
 - How can FM change the world?
6. (28.29) Mason in Madrid
 - Why I'm going to the European facilities management conference in Madrid?
 - What is the message I want to convey about Africa?
 - Why we in SA do not need to stand back for anyone else in the world of FM?
7. (32.13) Attributes, Skills needed for FM
 - What are the attributes we look for in FM's
 - What are the skills that FM's will require for a future in this industry?
 - Why do we need to hire for behaviour and train for skills?
 - Why is FM the most accessible form of a leadership platform?
 - What is the most important attribute to have as a young FM?
8. (35.38) I woke up today and said:"I want to be in FM"
 - How do you get into FM?
 - Why has FM got the biggest opportunities?
 - How do you get your company to invest in you as an FM?
 - Why is diversity the core and strength of FM?
I really value your interaction and engagement so please leave your comments, observations or questions below


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Sanctuary Vegetation Monitoring
We monitor plants on Mass Audubon wildlife sanctuaries because they are a critical barometer of ecological changes and are often a target of our management activities.
Vegetation refers to the suite of plants that cover a particular site. The term encompasses all life forms of plants, from sphagnum bogs through old growth forests. Vegetation could be broad leaved or coniferous trees, shrubs, grasses, ferns, and mosses.
Natural ecological communities are usually labeled by their major plant species because plants are basic structuring elements upon which all other life depends. Thus red maple or Atlantic White Cedar swamp communities are defined by the dominance of those trees, and a northern hardwood forest community by particular species of hardwood trees.
Massachusetts is blessed with a variety of interesting natural plant communities.
- The higher elevations of the Berkshires support forests of spruce and fir, a plant community more typical of northern Maine and central Canada.
- Many of Mass Audubon's wildlife sanctuaries in the central and western part of the state are dominated by Sugar Maples, Yellow Birch, American Beech, and Canadian Hemlock.
- As you go further east, oaks and hickory dominate as they do through much of southern New England and the mid Atlantic states.
- There are large acreages of pine barrens in the southeast corner of the state.
- As with the forests, Massachusetts wetlands are similarly diverse and include sphagnum bogs, fens, red maple swamps cattail marshes, and salt marshes.


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ESG Deepens Insights in European High Yield
How integrating ESG adds a valuable dimension to our investment process
Key Insights
 - ESG factors are incorporated into the research process, serving as an important input into decision‑making.
 - The growing importance of ESG in Europe is having a trickle‑down effect on companies.
 - Seeing a greater awareness of ESG among high yield companies, the trend is on an improving trajectory.
How do you think of ESG factors within your investment process?
Bottom‑up research is at the heart of our approach, so to a certain extent, we have always incorporated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into our investment process. The area of governance is particularly important to sub‑investment‑grade companies as they tend to be younger with less of a track record. They often have higher debt ratios and more complex capital structures than investment‑grade companies. That's why in‑depth, integrated research is so important because it is vital to understand when ESG issues could have a material impact on our investment case. Our analysts consider a range of ESG factors, including supply chain sourcing, health and safety records, and accounting standards. Additionally, they collaborate closely with our dedicated ESG specialists to ensure all material factors are considered as part of our decision‑making. This dual approach really helps us to identify ESG risks, as well as gauge the potential impact of these on the company in the future. Ultimately, we are looking for long‑term, improving stories, so if there is a trend of positive ESG progression, this is usually a good sign.
How important are ESG factors within Europe?
ESG has been growing in importance for some time in Europe and not just from an investor perspective. Authorities are taking significant steps, particularly with regard to the environment. The European Commission, for example, have unveiled a "Green Deal for Europe," setting out a range of environmental initiatives and targets aimed at making Europe the first carbon‑neutral continent by 2050. Other significant developments include the head of the European Central Bank, Christine Lagarde, stating that tackling climate change is a "mission critical" priority for the bank and will form part of the strategic review into its monetary policy toolkit. There are also government‑led efforts across Europe aimed at improving diversity on company boards. All these developments underline how important ESG has become in the region, and they are having a trickle‑down effect on companies.
When it comes to ESG considerations, high yield credit starts from a lower base than other major asset classes....This usually leaves more space for improvement and active engagement.
What are the ESG trends to watch in high yield credit?
When it comes to ESG considerations, high yield credit starts from a lower base than other major asset classes. That is because high yield companies are typically younger with shorter track records and less reporting history than investment‑grade companies. This usually leaves more space for improvement and active engagement. It is also important to remember that a higher proportion of high yield companies are owned by private‑equity firms. These typically have fewer reporting and disclosure requirements than their publicly listed counterparts. Nevertheless, we are seeing a greater awareness of ESG among high yield companies. The trend is certainly on an improving trajectory, even if the pace might be a little slower than other sectors, such as investment grade.
What is an example of ESG factors directly influencing your investment decision?
A good example of this is in relation to a North America‑based pharmaceutical company that develops and manufactures a range of pharmaceutical and medical device products. In 2018, with a new management team in place, the company underwent a name change, underlining a shift in its business strategy. Under the former CEO, the company pursued an aggressive growth strategy, favoring buying established drug firms over investing in its own research and development. In 2015, however, serious concerns were raised about the company's social and governance standards, including its practice of buying established drugs and significantly raising the prices. Close ties with a specialty online pharmacy company, where executives were convicted of large‑scale fraud, also damaged the company's reputation with investors, causing its share price to fall sharply. To address and move on from these controversies, the company made sweeping changes, including bringing in a new CEO and CFO. A number of businesses were sold as the company prioritized reducing its large debt burden, pricing practices were changed, and the company began to focus on its own research and development once more. These changes, and our meetings with the new management team, gave us confidence that governance standards were clearly on an improving trend. A marked improvement in overall transparency seemed to confirm this positive trend, adding to our conviction in the company.
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High Yield Investing During Volatile Times
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Michael Della Vedova Portfolio Manager
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How Did Mount Rushmore Get Its Name and Who Was Mount Rushmore Named After?
Rushmore wasn't the guy who carved the mountain.
After gold was discovered in South Dakota in 1874, the Sioux tribes that lived there were forced out, and prospectors and a smattering of tourists and curiosity-seekers moved in.
In 1885, a New York attorney named Charles Rushmore was riding through the area on a guided horseback tour and asked the name of the mountain.
His guide teased the city slicker: "Hell, it never had a name, but from now on we'll call the thing Rushmore."
Strangely enough, the name stuck.
The lawyer Rushmore, by the way, never abandoned his rocky namesake, he was one of the first to donate a large sum of money toward carving the mountainside.
 1. kailey says
 yea some guy said that he went to see mount rushmore in 1919 but the funny part is is the mountion was not built till 1927….
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Coherence of Business Cycles and Economic Shocks between Croatia and Euro Area Member States
|Authors||Karlo Kotarac, Davor Kunovac and Rafael Ravnik|
|JEL||F33, F44, E42, C32|
cycle coherence, aggregate supply and demand shocks, symmetric and asymmetric shocks
The paper analyses the coherence of business cycles and supply and demand shocks between Croatia and euro area core countries. The results obtained point to several basic conclusions. Firstly, the coherence of business cycles and the correlation of supply and demand shocks between Croatia and euro area core countries are relatively high. Secondly, symmetric (common) shocks are dominant for explaining the dynamics in domestic GDP, while the contributions of asymmetric shocks are significantly smaller. Thirdly, the results point to the convergence of supply and demand shocks and business cycles between Croatia and euro area core countries. Based on all of the above, we may conclude that the introduction of the euro and the related adoption of the common countercyclical monetary policy should not result in significant costs for the Croatian economy.


Grade 6 Science Fair Project – "Road Salt – Is it the Fastest Way to Melt Icy Roads?"
The purpose of this science fair project is to explore the effect of road salt placed on snowy and icy roads. The freezing point for water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature water freezes into ice. Road salt is placed on snowy and icy roads because the salt causes the ice and snow to melt. The chemistry behind this reaction is that salt lowers the melting point or freezing point of water. The salt acts as foreign particles in the water to help the melting process.
In this science fair project you will simulate sidewalks and roads in icy conditions. You will fill dishes with ice to represent the sidewalks and roads. You will place various materials across the ice cubes to see if and how the ice cubes melt. The various materials include: road salt, fertilizer, calcium chloride, cat litter, and sand.
Road salt and the various other materials will cause the ice to melt
faster than using nothing at all.
Type of material spread on ice
Materials Needed:
 - Six dishes that have dimensions of 9 x 13 inches
 - Freezer available to use during the science fair project
 - Stopwatch
 - Water
 - 12 ounces of road salt
 - 12 ounces of fertilizer
 - 12 ounces of calcium chloride
 - 12 ounces of cat litter
 - 12 ounces of sand
 - Paper
 - Pencil
 - Camera
Complete the following steps for this science fair project:
Setup Step #1:
Pour water into each of the six dishes. Make sure that the water level in each dish is 1 inch.
Setup Step #2:
Place the six dishes in the freezer. Leave the dishes in the freezer until the water has frozen to ice. You may have to leave the dishes in the freezer overnight.
Setup Step #3:
Place each of the six dishes on the floor of your kitchen.
You are now ready to begin the science experiment.
Step #1:
You are going to spread material onto each dish in the following
Dish #1: Do not spread any material across this dish. Leave this
dish as plain ice only.
Dish #2: Spread the 12 ounces of road salt evenly across this dish.
Dish #3: Spread the 12 ounces of fertilizer evenly across this dish.
Dish #4: Spread the 12 ounces of calcium chloride evenly across
this dish.
Dish #5: Spread the 12 ounces of cat litter evenly across this dish.
Dish #6: Spread the 12 ounces of sand evenly across this dish.
Step #2:
Use your stopwatch to determine how long it takes for each
material to melt the ice. Record your observations. Did the road salt melt the ice the quickest? Rank the materials in order from the dish that melted the fastest to the slowest. Do you think that road salt is most effective material to use on icy roads? Why or why not?
Step #3:
You may want to take pictures during the melting process.
Pictures will help you document your observations as well as validate your results and conclusions.
Summary of Results:
The materials that were spread across each dish cause the freezing point to lower. This in effect caused the ice to melt. Road salt is
used on icy roads because it is the most effective and also the safest for the environment.
What Should Be on the Tombstone of Gifted Education? Part 5: Writing the Tombstone
In Part 4, the focus was on extracurricular activities and their lack of use in gifted education today. While all students would benefit from the extension of knowledge into social issues, gifted students are those that are most likely to attain positions of influence and their ability to solve social issues should be at the heart of their educational plans. These experiences could take several forms from shadowing doctors or engineers, conducting research in any number of areas, reporting that research to the professional community, or aiding in the design of urban planning or alternative methods of planning. Any experience that forces gifted children to incorporate learned knowledge and integrate this knowledge into their moral structure solves the issue of whether or not the knowledge learned is truly understood and can be utilized effectively.
As the facts in Part's 1-4 are examined, it is not hard to figure out why gifted education programs are not being funded or being closed completely. The education of gifted students actually requires more time and resources than the traditional student. If those resources and money were spent on the traditional school, many more students could have their test scores raised and their political clout (test scores) would remain intact. Not only are resources an issue in teaching the gifted, the administrator's attitudes toward them also is changed by these very same test scores. It is assumed that the gifted will do well on their own so they are left to their own devices to prepare for state tests.
Identification of the gifted student also raises issues in housing these students, how districts will pay for their education, and what types of special curriculum will be used to train these students. Since most districts house gifted students in a single facility rather than providing each school an individual program, many students go unidentified as gifted. This limits the resources that are spent trying to educate these students. Identification of the gifted also raises issues involving just how far a district curriculum or teaching resources will go to be sure the student is educated. Extended experiences are required to be sure that knowledge is processed and incorporated into the student's foundation of understanding.
So, what should go on the tombstone of gifted education? Gifted education is not dead yet but with the overreliance on state testing the allocation of resources into its preparation, gifted education has one foot in the grave and a headstone should be carved in anticipation of the end. In preparation, I suggest the headstone read as such:
Here Lies Gifted Education
Shot in the Back by State Testing
Mourned by Everyone, Missed by None
A New Definition of Science – The Textual Foundation That Represents the Real World
The Wikipedia defines science as follows. Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Definitions from various sources has to do with knowledge, investigation, study, observation, experimentation, laws, structure, behavior, explanation and systematicity.
They describe science and scientific activities, instead of pointing out what the enterprise is. What science looks like? They also don't point out what enables science, why and how humans obtain the capability to advance in science. They describe the appearances and many facets of science but don't make known the nature of science. We are going to find out.
After writing some articles on relations between written language and science, it is time for us to provide a new, text-based definition of science, which is important as a basis for carrying out future discussions of related issues. We have already proposed in previous papers that written language is the foundation of science.
The idea to exclude non-texts
We consider written language as the core of science, while non-texts are the goals, materials and occurrences.
Certainly, scientific activities include both texts and non-texts. Both are indispensable, with non-texts seem to be the real things. Without non-texts, the world wouldn't exist, not to mention science. However, judging by the properties, we now decided to exclude non-texts from science. Otherwise, science would include virtually all information we can experience. That might lead to uncertainty, vagueness, misunderstanding, chaos and confusion.
Furthermore, we learn science mainly from books and papers. The achievement of scientists is judged by their publications. Some great discoveries are incidental. But they must be fitted into the existing textual framework to become part of the science.
When science is defined based on texts, its nature and properties will be well presented. Science-related investigations will be provided a clear basis. In fact, this definition doesn't contradict with the common definitions, since texts constitute the systematic enterprise which supports the functions science fulfills.
The non-scientific texts
Texts are omnipresent in our lives, recording everything. But only a portion of them is considered scientific texts. The scientific or non-scientific texts are not different in that they are symbolic and sequential. Although they possess the capability of being science, they do not necessarily fulfil the function.
Descriptive texts
Texts of literature, narrative, fictions, art, instruction, music, advertisement, daily conversation, chatting message, etc. are descriptive and conveying. The sake of them is to describe the non-textual reality, which are the goal, in the center and being emphasized. This kind of texts are important in documenting, communicating the events, understanding of which are not reliant on the texts. The texts are peripheral to the non-texts and not attempting to build their own foundation. On the contrary, scientific texts are needed to understand the phenomena because of the properties of texts and the difficulties in observing the phenomena.
Mentalistic texts
This kind of texts are foundational but don't represent facts. Collectively, we call them mentalistic texts. They include texts of religion, ethical belief, moral concept, philosophy, and pseudoscience. They tend to center on texts, but are not based on facts, based on vague facts or only reflect biased facts. Representing reality is not their goal. Nor are they intended to be verified. Subjectivity is an element common to this kind of texts. It is some kind of description or insistence on one's own thought, opinion and argument, refraining from changes, rejecting challenges or denying their failure to account for the facts.
Although these texts don't aim to represent reality, most of them are derived from facts or imaginations. They serve as an emotional need, spontaneous mental behavior and alternatives


It's time for another sample band 9 answer and this week we are going to look at a "discuss both views" question from task 2 of the IELTS writing exam. The question that we will examine today is about sports facilities, but the ideas here can be applied to anything. Remember, there are many topics in the IELTS writing test and you should be prepared for the most common ones.
Understanding the Question
Before you begin writing an IELTS essay, you need to understand the question fully. That process has several parts. Let's look at our question for today in order to understand it.
Discuss both these views and give your opinion.
What is the topic here?
 1. Sports?
 2. Health?
 3. Society?
 4. Government policy?
I would say that the answer is #2 – health. However, you can clearly see that the other topics I have listed are part of the question as well. You could not answer this well without talking about sports or society.
A Secret for Understanding the Question
If you want to understand a question better, the smart thing to do is paraphrase it. This is because you have to try harder to understand it and it can break the idea down better in your mind.
There are two parts to IELTS questions: the statement and the task:
ielts writing question structure
You need to "discuss both views" and also give an opinion, but about what?
About those two statements:, which I shall paraphrase:
 1. More sports centres will improve public health.
 2. Sports centres would not help, but something else might.
Once you understand the question fully, you can begin to plan your answer. For this sort of question, it is possible to use 4 or 5 paragraphs, but I generally recommend 4 because it is easier and usually more effective.
Structure your IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay
I have lots of material on this website about structuring your IELTS writing task 2 essay, but today I will show you my outline for this model essay.
First, you should brainstorm some ideas about the topic. Don't spend too much time doing this because it is better to spend that time on actually writing the essay. But you could make some notes like this:
More sports centres will improve public health.Sports centres would not help, but something else might.
easier to access
can be helpful for children
group activities
they already exist
no evidence to suggest it would work
education is likely more effective
Those are just a few ideas. You should brainstorm your own ones. You should also present your opinion. It is really important that you do not forget this part or else you will not have adequately answered the question.
Next, you have to wonder how to use your paragraphs to present these ideas effectively. Here is my sample answer:
ielts writing task 2 essay template
You can download this essay template here.
This might not make much sense to you… but don't worry! Notes are a personal thing and it is only really important that they make sense to the person writing them.
internal paragraph structure for ielts writing task 2
You can download the template here.
Sample Band 9 Answer
Ok, now that you have seen my structure plans, here is my essay:
There is much debate over the issue of how to help improve public health, and some people have suggested that there should be more sports facilities available. Others, however, say that this would have a minimal impact on the situation. This essay will look at both views and argue that it would indeed only have a small positive impact.
Those who support building more public sports facilities believe that they will encourage more people to participate in regular exercise. This is logical, but there are already many public sports facilities available and it has had little impact. The only people who would likely benefit are children, and while this is important, children already have plenty of places to get exercise. Whilst millions of pounds could be spent on building new facilities, it seems that there is little that would really be contributed to helping solve this crisis.
Even if there was an uptick in the number of people doing exercise, it would not eliminate the public health crisis as exercise is only one small part of it. While it is true that exercise is good for the human body, it is nearly impossible to burn off the number of calories that the average person is now consuming. Even if a person were to run a marathon, it would not negate the damaging effects of going to McDonald's for lunch. That person would still end the day in a calorie surplus and therefore continue to gain weight. When you consider that few people can run marathons, it becomes obvious that the culprit for poor public health is not exercise but rather diet.
In conclusion, it would be good to have more public sports facilities and there may be some small benefit to this, but unfortunately it would not be a significant benefit and other measures would need to be taken too.


text:
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: 1. To deeply and persistently irritate. 2. To remain inflamed and worsen, to fester.
Notes: A word similar to today's, wrangle "to argue persistently", begins with an irrelevant W. In fact, confusion can arise with a number of English words with irrelevant Ws, like write, wriggle, and wring. Remember that rankle is not among them. Also remember that the E comes off before suffixes that begin with a vowel, as in rankling.
In Play: Rankle is a verb that may perform intransitive or transitive duty. You may rankle over an affront: "It still rankles in Abel Mann's heart that Myrna left him so abruptly without even taking off his Harley-Davidson leather jacket." It is also possible for an affront or a person to rankle you: "The new Mercedes in his neighbor's driveway rankles Foster more than he is willing to admit."
Word History: Today's Good Word has a twisted history that snakes its way from snakes through festering sores to the festering resentment it means today. It all began with Latin draco(n) "serpent", which English also grabbed directly for its word, dragon. However, the word had a diminutive, dracunculus "little snake", which was inherited by Old French, where it was melted down to draoncle "festering sore". This noun was converted into a verb, draoncler "to fester". The noun and the verb somehow lost the initial D before Old English borrowed it as ranclen "to fester", whence today's Good Word.
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


text: Loud pure hole tones between 2300 and 10,000 Hz were induced in a jet by establishing turbulent flow of gaseous nitrogen through a rectangular chamber with a sharp-edged orifice at the exit. Visual observations of the jet and velocity measurements indicated a very drastic spread of the jet near the orifice exit in the presence of the loud pure tones. The potential core appeared to be no longer present and the flow-field became asymmetric. The enhanced spread of the jet and the asymmetry were not observed when the flow field had a broad-band frequency spectrum. Wavelet analysis of the instantaneous planar Mie scattering flow images was performed with a view to qualitatively study and compare the entrainment and mingling in two jets with and without acoustic self-excitation. Copyright ©2005 Begell House, Inc.


text:
school eye screening versus a primary eye care model to provide refractive error services for children in India
Aim: To compare the cost-effectiveness of school eye screening (SES) for refractive errors with a primary eye care (PEC) model that provides comprehensive eye care, including refractive services, to children of school age.
Methods: Retrospective data from SES and PEC clinics in Delhi slums for 2005-2006 were examined. Children who had been dispensed spectacles through both models over 12 months were surveyed. Visual acuity with and without spectacles was measured and the children's spectacle-wearing behaviour was evaluated. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were calculated using utility analysis for each model and were compared.
Results: The SES model was more cost-effective than the PEC model in all areas. In the SES model, the cost to examine a child was US $0.64, the cost to examine and dispense spectacles was US $12.13, and the undiscounted cost per QALY was US $18.11. In the PEC model the cost of examining a child was US $3.10, the cost of examining and dispensing spectacles was US $25.58, and the undiscounted cost per QALY was US $45.42. The correlation of spectacles prescribed to spectacles manufactured was excellent in both models, with a combined correlation of 98%. The sensitivity of teachers screening for vision impairment was 100%, while their specificity was 59.8%.
Conclusion: School eye screening in India is a highly cost-effective method of correcting visual impairment due to refractive errors in school-age children and should be expanded where possible. As not all children can be examined through school screening, comprehensive eye care clinics play an important role in the correction of refractive errors, but at a higher cost.


text:
Q: Is it necessary to bloom curry, chile and other powders for cold foods such as salads and sandwiches, or does the acid in mayo do the trick? If blooming in hot fat is recommended, how do you advise doing it?
A: According to Michael Ruhlman's handy guide The Elements of Cooking, in the kitchen, the word bloom has several meanings.
Bloom can mean to hydrate gelatin in water before adding it to what you are thickening. Bloom can also refer to the chalky white coating that appears on improperly stored chocolate, where cocoa butter has separated out and set on the surface.
Soft cheeses such as Brie are said to be bloom ripened because of the light, white coating that forms on the rind as the cheese ages.
Bloom can also refer to the beneficial flora that grow on some vegetables and fruits, such as grapes.
Ruhlman says another meaning of the word is when chefs put spices or aromatics in oil so that they "bloom" and release their flavour into it.
Kate, of course, is looking for information on that definition.
The technique is most often used in hot preparations, such as an Indian curry, where spices are heated in oil to help develop and release their flavours.
The blooming of spices can be done separately in the oil or other fat, such as ghee (clarified butter). It can also be done when other ingredients are being cooked, such as sprinkling a ground spice in the pan when ingredients, such as onions and garlic, are frying.
According to Harold McGee's book On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, heating a mix of spices in this way allows the different chemicals to react to each other so that the flavours become more integrated. I used the technique in today's spicerich lentil dal, a soup bursting with flavour.
When using ground spices or spice blends in cold preparations such as salads and sandwich fillings, in most cases I find there's no need to bloom them in hot oil before mixing them in.
Store-bought ground spices are finely ground and the moment they come in contact with a wet ingredient, such as mayonnaise or vinaigrette, their flavour begins to bloom. If you allow the spices in the dressing for that salad or sandwich filling to steep and develop a short while, they'll do a fine job flavouring your creation.
That's certainly how I felt after digging into today's recipe for curried shrimp-stuffed papaya. The mayonnaise-based shrimp filling chills and melds in the refrigerator an hour before being spooned into the papaya, giving it plenty of time to develop flavour.
However, in some salads that I'll serve right away, such as a Singapore noodle salad, I will "bloom" the curry powder used in oil first. I do this by pouring the required amount of oil in a small skillet and set it over medium-high heat.
When hot, I'll add the curry powder and stir and cook about 30 seconds. Once cooled, I'll toss into it the noodles with the other ingredients.
Kate, I have limited space to write about this subject here, so I highly suggest you pick up a copy of Harold McGee's book noted above, whether you buy it or get it from the library. There's an interesting chapter called the Chemistry and Qualities of Herbs and Spices that provides some great information on getting the maximum flavour out of them.
Curried Shrimp-Stuffed Papaya
This recipe is based on one that appears in my book Everyone Can Cook Midweek Meals. This dish will make a deluxe lunch you could serve with a simple green salad.
Preparation time: 10 minutes Cooking time: None Makes: 2 servings
1 cup small cooked salad shrimp, patted dry (about 150 grams)
3 Tbsp mayonnaise, or to taste
1/2 tsp mild curry powder
2 Tbsp finely chopped red bell pepper
2 Tbsp finely chopped celery
1-2 green onions, thinly sliced
to taste salt
1 small to medium ripe papaya, halved lengthwise, seeds removed
2 lime wedges
Combine all ingredients, except papaya and lime, in a small bowl. Cover and refrigerate mixture one hour to allow flavours to meld.
Trim a little from the bottom of each papaya half so they'll sit flat and then set, cavity side up, on plates.
Divide and mound the shrimp mixture into the cavity of each papaya half. Garnish with lime wedges and enjoy.
Lentil Dal with Yogurt and Cilantro
Make a light lunch or dinner of this Indian-style soup by serving it with warm slices of naan or pita bread. This soup freezes well. To do so, after preparing, cool to room temperature, pack in suitably sized containers, label, date and freeze.
Preparation time: 20 minutes
Cooking time: About 30 minutes
Makes: 4 to 6 servings
2 Tbsp vegetable oil
1 tsp yellow mustard seeds
1 tsp ground cumin
1 tsp ground coriander seed
1/2 tsp turmeric 1/8 tsp cayenne pepper
1 1/2 cups dried red lentils
1 small onion, finely chopped
1 small carrot, finely chopped
1-2 garlic cloves, minced
2 tsp fresh ginger, finely chopped
1 (14 oz/400 mL) can coconut milk 4 cups vegetable or chicken stock
and white pepper to taste salt
- thick yogurt and chopped fresh
cilantro to taste (see Note)
Place the oil in a tall, medium-sized pot set over medium heat. Add the mustard seeds and heat and stir until they begin to crackle slightly and some begin to pop. At that point, remove from the heat and carefully stir in the cumin, coriander, turmeric and cayenne pepper.
Let the mixture stand 5 minutes, and then stir in the lentils, onion, carrot, garlic and ginger. Set back over medium heat and cook and stir 4 minutes more.
Add the coconut milk and stock, bring to a simmer, and gently simmer 20 minutes, or until the lentils are tender.
Season the soup with salt and pepper. Ladle into bowls, top with a dollop of yogurt, sprinkle with cilantro and serve.
Note: If you don't care for cilantro, you could substitute chopped fresh parsley or mint in this recipe.
Eric Akis is the author of the bestselling Everyone Can Cook series of cookbooks.


text:
Definitions of care:
- noun: activity involved in maintaining something in good working order
Example: "He wrote the manual on car care"
- noun: the work of caring for or attending to someone or something
Example: "No medical care was required"
- noun: attention and management implying responsibility for safety
Example: "He is in the care of a bodyguard"
- noun: a cause for feeling concern
Example: "His major care was the illness of his wife"
- noun: an anxious feeling
Example: "Care had aged him"
- noun: judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger
Example: "He handled the vase with care"
- verb: provide care for
- verb: feel concern or interest
Example: "I really care about my work"
- verb: be concerned with
- verb: prefer or wish to do something
Example: "Do you care to try this dish?"
- verb: be in charge of, act on, or dispose of
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #52546)
Search for care at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


text:
Image: Walter Tape
Colourful light pillars often appear in winter when snow or ice crystals reflect light from a strong source like the sun or moon. Aided by extreme cold, light pillars appear when light bounces off the surface of flat ice crystals floating relatively close to the ground. The pillars look like feathers of light that extend vertically either above or below the light source, or both.
Diagrams showing the formation of light pillars from street lamps (left) and the reflection of light rays from plate ice crystal surfaces (right):
Images: Keith C. Heidorn
Light pillars also form from strong artificial light sources like street lamps, car headlights or the strong light sources of an ice-skating rink as in the picture above of Fairbanks, Alaska. Though they are local phenomena, light pillars can look distant like an aurora. The closer an observer is to the source of the light pillar, the larger it seems.
National Geographic has more pictures of recent light pillars in Idaho, California, Belgium, Latvia and Canada. You can also view another Environmental Graffiti article on more incredible light phenomena here.


Reducing the cost of veterinary care
Dog with money
Why do vet bills cost more than human medical bills?
When humans are sick or injured, our medical bills are mostly covered by the government through Medicare. We know that we can get any of the medical care we need without having to worry about the cost.
When animals get sick or injured, the government does not subsidise any medical treatments and it is the responsibility of the pet's owner to cover any medical bills. This is why a lot of people spend more on their pet's medical bills than their own! Surgery or intensive hospitalisation for a sick dog or cat can add up to thousands of dollars, especially if you want your pet to have high quality care.
Here are our top tips for managing the cost of veterinary care without compromising on the health and happiness of your loved one!
The old saying, "it is better to prevent than to cure!" is very true when it comes to veterinary care.
- Keep your pets up to date with simple things like vaccines, worming, and flea treatment. This is a lot less expensive than if they were to pick up a horrible bug (such as parvovirus) and need to be in intensive care for days.
- Desex your pets. This is a one-off cost that saves you a lifetime of worrying about the potential for uterine infections, testicular cancers, fighting between dogs, unwanted pregnancies or even emergency caesarians.
- Take good care of their teeth. Dental disease affects almost every adult dog and cat. Good dental hygiene includes tooth brushing, special diet, and regular "Scale & Polish" procedures to remove tartar. Without this, dogs and cats often get painful tooth infections that require surgical removal and this can be a major cost. It's much better to keep their teeth healthy!
- Keep dogs safe from traffic and be careful around strange dogs at the park. We see a lot of vehicle accidents and nasty dog fight wounds that require major surgery. Dogs should be kept on a leash at all times while near roads, even if they are very well trained.
- Keep cats indoors. This avoids motor vehicle accidents, being injured while fighting other cats, or picking up nasty viruses from the neighbours.
Pet insurance works a bit like human medical insurance. You pay a small amount each month as a premium, and then if your pet falls ill the insurance company covers their medical or surgical bills. We recommend pet insurance to all our clients because it means you will never have to make the tough decision: Should I do what is best for my pet, or can I not afford it?
There are many different companies that offer different plans, and you can shop around and decide which one plan is best for your situation.
It's best to sign up as soon as you get a new puppy or kitten, BEFORE any problems develop. Otherwise, that problem may be considered a "pre-existing condition" and not be covered by the insurance company. However, if you have an older dog or cat you can still sign up. Call the insurance companies directly to discuss your situation and see what they can offer you.
If you have any concerns about your pet's health, don't wait for it to get worse before getting help from your vet! Most problems are much easier (and therefore less costly) to treat if they are detected early. Plus, it gives us the best chance of a cure.
We hope this has been useful! If you have any questions about preventive heath or pet insurance, please feel free to contact us.
Dr Grace Woodward BVSc (Hons 1)


The Visions of the Pylons: A Magical Record of Exploration in the Starry Abode
This Summer, noted occult author J. Daniel Gunther published his latest book, The Visions of the Pylons: A Magical Record of Exploration in the Starry Abode. The description posted at Amazon sez:
"Here is a modern grimoire and record of a vision quest utilizing Aleister Crowley's instructions for astral exploration as given in "Notes on the Astral Plane," published in Magick in Theory and Practice.
"Daniel Gunther provides a detailed account and interpretation of a series of visions exploring the Pylons of the Duat, or "Starry Abode." To the ancient Egyptians, the Duat was the place where the sun god Ra made his 12-hour nocturnal journey through the underworld.
"The Visions of the Pylons describes a perilous journey where the gate of each hour is protected by a fearful guardian or "watcher." In modern Jungian psychology terms, the Duat is a representation of the unconscious of mankind, inhabited by gods and daemons, the living symbols called primordial images or archetypes.
"The author's study of the ancient texts led him to suspect that these Pylons were also hidden gateways to the higher planes of the Tree of Life, possibly including secret entrances to the thirty Aethyrs as described by Elizabethan magician John Dee."
One place you can order your copy is Amazon – we do hope that if you use Amazon that you've registered for the Amazon Smile program and designated Ordo Templi Orientis USA or your chartered Local Body to receive the donations your purchases then generate.
Frater Lux Ad Mundi
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How do you wash an old knitted blanket?
Can you wash a knitted blanket?
Knitted and crocheted blankets often need to be washed by hand. Washing a knitted or crocheted blanket is sometimes a simple matter of tossing it in the washing machine and then allowing it to air dry. Other times, you need to hand wash the item.
How do you wash a large knitted blanket?
Here's what to do:
 1. soak your blanket in cold water mixed with wool wash for approximately 30 minutes. …
 2. if it's required by your wool wash, rinse.
 3. drain the water from your blanket or scarf by gently lifting it and letting the water run out of it. …
 4. spread out some towels and lie your chunky blanket or scarf flat on it.
How do you wash a wool knit blanket?
Regular wool must be washed by hand in cold water to avoid felting and shrinking. Superwash wool can be handor machine-washed on the gentle cycle in cold water. Cotton, linen, and ramie yarn can be washed in the washing machine on a gentle cycle using either cold or warm water.
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Can you wash a wool blanket in the washing machine?
Wash Heavily Soiled Wool Blankets by Placing Them in the Washer with Cold Water and a Wool-Safe Detergent. Place blankets in the washing machine and allow them to soak for 15 minutes in the detergent-and-water mixture. Set the washer to the gentle cycle and let it run for two minutes. … Allow the rinse cycle to complete.
How do you dry a knitted blanket?
Other yarns, such as cotton, linen, and acrylic, can be machine-washed in cold water on the gentle cycle.
How to Wash Hand-Knit Clothes and Blankets
Detergent Gentle or wool wash
Water Temperature Cold
Cycle Type Do not machine-wash
Drying Cycle Type Do not machine-dry
How do you wash blankets in the washing machine?
Cleaning Steps:
 1. Pour the appropriate amount of laundry detergent into the washing machine for your blanket load.
 2. Place the blanket in the washing machine.
 3. Wash on the gentle cycle using cold water.
 4. During the rinse cycle, add the appropriate amount of liquid fabric softener.
 5. Hang the blanket and allow it to air-dry.
How often should blankets be washed?
Blankets will need to be washed depending on how they are used. Blankets that see a lot of direct use and skin contact should be washed every two weeks. Blankets that do not can be washed every few months.
Why is my blanket shedding after washing?
The excess fabric softener residue can cause the blanket to shed more. If little balls have developed on your blanket, that is what is known as pilling. Use a fabric shaver to remove them. … Toss an old garment made of one of these fabrics into the dryer with the shedding blanket.
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How do you care for a knitted blanket?
If you're washing a knitted blanket made of plant fibre yarn such as cotton or linen, it's best to wash it in cold water and on a gentle cycle. In contrast, synthetic fibres such as acrylic can be washed as normal with your other items. Tumble-dry your knitted blanket.
Can wool blankets be washed and dried?
The General Rule for all pure wool blankets is to always wash in cold water and gently wring or roll. … Cold water and gentle washing will help retain the fiber and preserve condition if properly followed. Drying. Air Drying will provide the best results.
Will my wool blanket stop shedding?
No lukewarm or warm water; – WOOL(EN) option on washing machine must be selected; … – Washing your blanket will stop shedding and pilling.
Can I put my wool blanket in the dryer?
To dry wool blankets, it is best to hang them flat over a clothes line outside to support the weight of the wet blanket. … Avoid putting wool blankets in the dryer, as it can destroy the softness and shape of the wool blanket.
What happens if you wash wool in the washing machine?
What is the best detergent for wool?
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Are old wool blankets worth anything?
Wool blankets might have a high price tag, even at a thrift store if they are considered collectible. Hudson Bay blankets with their heavy fulled character and stripes are usually at the high end, along with Pendleton blankets.


Designing a 3D printed tool for medical use
From reverse engineering to iterative design
Jennifer Glauche
Playlists: '1c2' videos starting here / audio / related events
As part of a project to make medicine more accessible in disadvantaged communities, I am making usable 3D-printed copies of surgical tools. This talk will go through the process of turning an existing commercially available hemostat into a 3D-printable model. I will show how I started with a native 1:1 copy of the tool and went through several iterations to match the functional properties of the original. I'll show the problems with each iteration and how I went about solving them. In the end, I'll talk a bit about how these tools are going to be used and the impact they will have.


Definition fluorine dating
Comparable terms are epoch, age, period, saeculum, aeon (Greek aion) and Sanskrit yuga.
The word has been in use in English since 1615, and is derived from Late Latin aera "an era or epoch from which time is reckoned," probably identical to Latin æra "counters used for calculation," plural of æs "brass, money".
These statutory rules have on the whole remained unchanged but have been somewhat modified in application.
definition fluorine dating-9definition fluorine dating-45
The Latin word use in chronology seems to have begun in 5th century Visigothic Spain, where it appears in the History of Isidore of Seville, and in later texts.
Two prizes in the same field—i.e., the prize withheld from the previous year and the current year's prize—can thus be awarded in one year.
If a prize is declined or not accepted before a set date, the prize money goes back into the funds.
In some cases, the refuser later explained the real reason behind the refusal and was granted the Nobel gold medal and the diploma—but not the money, which invariably reverts to the funds after a certain period of time.
Prizes are withheld or not awarded when no worthy candidate in the meaning of Nobel's will can be found or when the world situation prevents the gathering of information required to reach a decision, as happened during World Wars I and II.For periods in the history of the universe, the term "epoch" is typically preferred, but "era" is used e.g. Calendar eras count the years since a particular date (epoch), often one with religious significance.Anno mundi ("year of the world") refers to a group of calendar eras based on a calculation of the age of the world, assuming it was created as described in the Book of Genesis.Each Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money, the amount of which depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation.A Nobel Prize is either given entirely to one person, divided equally between two persons, or shared by three persons.If Wiktionary does not have the definition yet, consider moving the whole article to Wiktionary by replacing this tag with the template.
 2. Cardi B and Migos' Offset are on their way to walking down the aisle, with Offset popping the question on stage in Philadelphia Friday night (Oct. Somehow, until now, the relationship has been kept mostly under wraps, which is probably why the flashy engagement caused such a stir (well, and that massive ring).
 3. Make friends, watch amateur videos and participate in LIVE webcam sex chats.
 5. 515 Amh 516 Ami 517 Amin 518 Amm 519 Ammir 521 Ammo 522 Amn 523 Amo 524 Amor 525 Amos 526 Amp 527 Amps 528 Ams 529 Amu 531 Amy 532 Ana 533 Anam 534 Anas 535 Anat 536 Anax 537 Anb 538 Anc 539 Anch 541 Anci 542 Anco 543 And 544 Anders 545 Anderson 546 Anderson, D.
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PostgreSQL function call model for PHP
This article describes a simple class that can be used to call PostgreSQL functions. Using the class has a number of advantages:
 1. PostgreSQL functions can be called like they are PHP method functions with no special syntax.
 2. The statements are automatically prepared giving faster execution for multiple calls.
 3. No string escaping is needed for prepared statements.
 4. The prepared statements are automatically deallocated when the object is destructed.
NOTE: PostgreSQL prepared statement support requries PHP 5.1 or later.
First, we create connect to PostgreSQL and create simple test function. The test function simply takes a string and a integer and concatenates a copy of the string the number of times specified by the integer.
$conn = pg_connect("dbname=test user=user1 password=user1");
if(!$conn) {
 echo "Unable to connect to test database\n";
// Here is our test function. Notice the pretty pgEdit SQL syntax coloring in PHP :).
$test_func = << 0 then
 for i in 1.. how_many loop
 result := result || str;
 end loop;
 end if;
 return result;
$$ language plpgsql;
// Create the function.
pg_query($conn, $test_func);
Next, let's test the function, using the typical PHP model with strings. If this was a real application, a lot more parameter checking would be in order.
$res = pg_query($conn, "select repeat_string('ab', 3)");
echo "\n\nTest 1:\n";
echo pg_fetch_result($res, 0);
Test 1:
Now let's create a class for calling PostgreSQL functions. We can create a single global instance of this class and use it throughout our PHP session. We could also create different instances if we are working with multiple connections. The key implementation detail takes advantage of the PHP __call magic method. This method is called whenever an unknown method for the instance is called. We can use this opportunity to call a PostgreSQL function with the same name and parameters.
class PgCall
 private $prepared = array();
 private $conn;
 // The contructor takes an existing connection, or a string to create a connection
 function __construct($connection_or_string) {
 if (is_string($connection_or_string)) $this->conn = pg_connect($c);
 else $this->conn = $connection_or_string;
 // Kill all the prepared statements.
 function __destruct() {
 foreach($this->prepared as $statement) {
 $res = pg_query($this->conn, 'deallocate'. $statement);
 // The __call magic method is called whenever an unknown method for the instance is called.
 function __call($fname, $fargs) {
 $statement = $fname. '__'. count($fargs);
 if (!in_array($statement, $this->prepared)) { // first time, not prepared yet
 $alist = array();
 for($i = 1; $i <= count($fargs); $i++) {
 $alist[$i] = '$'. $i;
 $sql ='select * from '. $fname. '('. implode(',', $alist). ')';
 $prep = pg_prepare($this->conn, $statement, $sql);
 $this->prepared[] = $statement;
 if ($res = pg_execute($this->conn, $statement, $fargs)) {
 $rows = pg_num_rows($res);
 $cols = pg_num_fields($res);
 if ($cols > 1) return $res; // return the cursor if more than 1 col
 else if ($rows == 0) return null;
 else if ($rows == 1) return pg_fetch_result($res, 0); // single result
 else return pg_fetch_all_columns($res, 0); // get column as an array
To use the class, we just create one instance of it and then we can call PostgreSQL functions without any special syntax or string escaping.
// Create an instance of the class using our existing connection.
$pg = new PgCall($conn);
echo "\n\nTest 2:\n";
echo $pg->repeat_string('a_b', 2);
Test 2:
The class returns the full resource if the result has more than one column. It returns an array if there is more than one row and a single column. You could imagine a variety of strategies and perhaps design slightly different classes depending on your needs. The foremost advantage is to remove as much SQL as possible from PHP and take advantage of the security and performance benefits of prepared statements.


text:
A summary of themes in olive anne burns's cold sassy tree learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of cold sassy tree and what it means perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Cold sassy tree is a 1984 historical novel by olive ann burns set in the us state of georgia in the fictional town of cold sassy in 1906, it follows the life of a 14-year-old boy named will tweedy, and explores themes such as religion, death, and social taboos an incomplete sequel to the novel, leaving cold sassy, was.
Personal experiences in olive ann burn's cold sassy tree - it is not difficult to find a connection between olive ann burns' life and the characters of her novel both the us and the ussr were neocolonialist powers, and a prime example of their desires to mold other states was the congo crisis, which acted to make.
A short summary of olive anne burns's cold sassy tree this free synopsis covers all the crucial plot points of cold sassy tree.
Buy the print cold sassy tree sparknote on bncom buy the ebook of this sparknote on bncom order cold sassy tree at bncom previous next take a study break the 17 worst texts to send to your crush if harry potter had google 7 things writers always get wrong about being in high school quiz: do you hate.


How many gasoline pumps will the project actually contain?
The new Costco gasoline project will have 16 gasoline fuel pumps. Each pump will allow for two (2) vehicles to obtain fuel at the same time for a total of 32 vehicles.
Show All Answers
1. What is the current status of the project for the new Costco gasoline station in Tustin Ranch?
2. Why did City Council members decline to have private meetings with individuals before the appeal hearing?
3. How many emails did the City Council receive in advance of the Appeal Hearing on October 15, 2019, and what position on the project did they want?
4. How many gasoline pumps will the project actually contain?
5. What will be the hours of operation for the new gasoline station?
6. Why did the new gasoline station not need an environmental impact report (EIR)? Was the exemption a loophole?
7. What studies have been completed to support the City Council action on the project?
8. How are greenhouse gases emissions estimated and air quality evaluated to know if the new station will have any adverse impacts on public health? Is vehicle idling included in these assessments?
9. How will the traffic be handled on the site and on the streets surrounding the new gasoline station?
10. What if a major traffic jam is created with cars waiting to get gas at the new Costco location – what happens then?
11. What will happen to my property value if I live near a gasoline station?
12. The new Costco gasoline station will drive out other smaller, independent gas station owners in the City compelling everyone to buy gas at Costco. Does the City not care about small businesses?
13. What are the differences between the new gasoline station and the existing Costco gasoline station at The District?
14. What are the lessons learned from the other Costco located at The District?
15. Can the City Council's decision on the Costco application be appealed?


text:
In an article entitled, "A novel grass hybrid to reduce flood generation in temperate regions," published in Scientific Reports on Friday, the 25th April, Christopher (Kit) J. A. Macleod and eleven of his associates affiliated to six well-known UK Biology institutes have reported the results of their intensive research of a hybrid which they obtained from the cross, Lolium perenne and a grass stress-resistant species, meadow fescue Festuca pratensis. They have designated the hybrid, Festulolium derived by combining 'Festu' from Festuca and the generic name Lolium
In a two-year experimental period they have demonstrated that the hybrid can reduce runoff during precipitation by 51% compared to 43% – the recommended F. pratensis cultivar. They have further observed that the initial root growth of the hybrid is significantly greater than that of either of the parents accounting for its superior performance better than the recommended leading UK variety of F. pratensis. Another compelling reason for its superior performance is its ability for rapid root senescence at a greater soil depth. Strong evidence is presented to show that the reduced runoff from the Festulolium cultivar was mainly due to two reasons: 1) intense initial root growth and thereafter 2) rapid senescence after the root establishes itself deep into the soil..


text:
A reAqua grey water recovery system collects waste water from the first floor bathroom's shower, bath and basin and treats the water so it can be used for toilet flushing. Heat is recovered from the waste water and used to pre-heat the water in the hot water cylinder.
How does it work?
A revised plumbing setup takes all the waste water from baths and showers in a property and redirects it through a reAqua filtration unit to treat it with a disinfectant. The treated water is then piped on to supply all flushing water needs for multiple toilets. If one toilet is specified, gravity feed is sufficient. If two or more are connected, an electrically pumped feed is provided within the unit.
The unit also recovers the heat from the bath and shower water used, transferring it to the building's central heating system through use of a heat-exchanger. The recovered heat is transferred to the cold feed of a combi-boiler or hot water cylinder, reducing demand on the existing central-heating system.
- Reduces water consumption
- Reduces energy consumption by pre-heating water in the heating or DHW system
- Unit is compact, fitting into a cupboard.
Resource Efficient House


text:
FRETTING BEHAVIOR OF AISI 301 STAINLESS STEEL SHEET IN FULL HARD CONDITION
Fretting, which can occur when two bodies in contact undergo a low amplitude relative slip, can drastically reduce the fatigue performance of a material. The extent of fretting damage is dependent on the material combination and is affected by many parameters, making it difficult to design against fretting. Some of these parameters include contact force, displacement amplitude, and contacting materials. This work develops a method for quantifying the extent of damage from fretting as a function of these parameters for a thin sheet of AISI 301 stainless steel in the full hard condition in contact with both ANSI A356 aluminum and AISI 52100 steel contacting bodies. Fretting experiments were conducted on a Phoenix Tribology DN55 Fretting Machine using a fixture which was developed for holding thin specimens. The displacement amplitude and normal force were systematically varied in order to cover a range that could typically be experienced during service. The tribological behavior was studied by analyzing friction force during cycling and inspecting the resulting surface characteristics. Fretting damaged specimens were cycled in tension in a servohydraulic test system to failure. The decrease in fatigue life caused by fretting damage was determined by comparing the stress-life (S-N) response of the fretted specimens to the S-N response of the virgin material, thus characterizing the severity of the fretting damage. The conditions that lead to the greatest reduction in life were identified in this way. Using the fracture mechanics based NASGRO model, an Equivalent Initial Flaw Size (EIFS) was used to quantify the level of fretting damage, thus separating the life of the component into crack nucleation and subsequent propagation. This method and data will allow engineers to design more robust components that resist fretting damage, thus increasing the safety and reliability of the system.
Advisor:Dr. Richard W. Neu; Dr. David L. McDowell; Dr. Itzhak Green
School:Georgia Institute of Technology
School Location:USA - Georgia
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:07/10/2008


text:
The Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) is an information and|
analysis tool on global climate change. It provides a comprehensive
and comparable database of greenhouse gas emissions data (including
all major sources and sinks) and other climate-relevant
indicators. CAIT can be used to analyze a wide range of
climate-related data questions and to help support future policy
decisions made under the Climate Convention and in other fora.
The CAIT also includes a comprehensve GHG emissions database.


Technical Note:
How to Estimate Angular Motion of a Tilt or Rotation Stage with Respect to the Linear Translation of the Actuator
One of the most common questions asked of our Opto Mechanical Specialists regarding the kinematic and gimbal optical mounts as well as the rotation and tilt stages is
"What linear travel distance on the micrometer, adjustment screw or motorized drive corresponds to a given angular motion of the stage or optical mount?"
For rotation stages that provide a Vernier scale directly on the stage body – such as the 481-A, RS65 and RS40 – the angle of motion can be read on the scale. In the case of the 605-2 and 605-4 full range gimbal mounts, a scale is provided on the body for the azimuthal angle (but not for the elevation angle). But for all other kinematic, gimbal and tilt mounts that Newport offers, no scale is provided on the mount, so a different method to determine angular motion is needed.
Newport's manual mounts and stages are not calibrated together with their actuators. This is due to the fact that the actuators are often easily removable or interchangeable. Consequently, removing, interchanging, or adjusting the position of the actuator in the mounting block on the stage would render any calibration void. However, it is possible, when needed, to use a simple trigonometric calculation to approximate the answer.
In order to approximate the angular distance traveled when no scale is provided, knowledge of (1) the lever arm(s) of the mount and (2) the distance traveled on the actuator (micrometer, adjustment screw or motorized drive) is required. Distance can be easily read off of a micrometer. Adjustment screws, on the other hand, have no distance indicators. In order to determine the distance traveled per full turn for a linear adjustment screw, divide 1 inch by the number of threads per inch (TPI) of the screw. (A table of the lever arms for many of Newport's products is provided at the end of this technical note.)
Once you have the lever arm and distance traveled, you will have obtained two sides of a right triangle. Using this specification and the calculation for the inverse tangent, you can approximate the angle traveled as follows.
The following are tables containing the lever arm specifications for many of Newport Corporations current rotation, tilt, kinematic and gimbal mounts.
Rotation Stages
Model Number Lever Arm
RS40 0.98 in.
RS65 1.50 in.
481-A 1.27 in.
Goniometric Stages
Model Number Lever Arm
561-GON 1.28 in.
GON40-U 1.07 in.
GON40-L 1.86 in.
GON65-U 2.75 in.
GON65-L 3.93 in.
Tilt Stages
Model Number Lever Arm
TGN80 3.94 in.
TGN120 5.91 in.
TGN160 7.87 in.
562F-Tilt 2.94 in. (Vertical Actuator)
1.45 in. (Horizontal Actuator)
Kinematic Mounts
Model Number Lever Arm
U50-A/P 0.69 in.
U100-A/P 1.50 in.
U200-A/P 2.25 in.
U300-A 3.25 in.
U100-AC 1.50 in.
U200-AC 2.38 in.
U300-AC 3.25 in.
U400-AC 4.25 in.
V100 1.50 in.
P100-A 1.50 in.
P100-P 0.69 in.
MM-050 0.31 in.
MM-075 0.48 in.
SN050 0.68 in.
SN100 1.50 in.
SS050 0.68 in.
SS100 1.50 in.
625-RC6 2.55 in.
Gimbal Mounts
Model Number Lever Arm
605-2 1.25 in.
605-4 2.38 in.
U50-G 0.88 in.
U100-G 1.38 in.
U200-G 2.50 in.
SL8A 2.28 in.
SL15A 4.25 in.
SL20A 4.92 in.


Rêve D Reve D RD-003-35 Aluminum Knuckle Stopper for RD-001 ASL Front Knuckle (3.5mm diameter, 2pcs)
Beschikbaarheid: Op voorraad (1)
RWD drift cars generally use a knuckle stopper (steering stopper) to adjust the maximum turning angle, but when maximizing the turning angle, many people use M3 set screws.
Even with the M3 set screw, the function of the stopper works, but the surface of the screw will hinder the movement of the suspension at the maximum turning angle.
This is where the [Aluminum Knuckle Stopper] comes into play!
Unlike the M3 set screw, the surface has no irregularities, so it does not hinder the movement of the suspension even at the maximum turning angle.
Furthermore, since it is made of lightweight aluminum, it is also effective in reducing weight by replacing it with an iron set screw.
The lineup consists of a Φ3.0mm and Φ3.5mm diameter part.
In addition to Φ3.0mm which realizes the maximum steering angle, Φ3.5mm which is an option when you want to control the steering angle only slightly is prepared.
Φ3.5mm is effective when the commercially available Φ4.0mm has insufficient steering angle and Φ3.0mm has too much angle!
If you are currently using an M3 set screw as a stopper or want to increase the steering angle more than a φ4.0mm stopper, please try it.
Screw 4.5mm
Pedestal diameter 5.5mm
Length from base to tip 16mm
Hexagonal hole dimensions 1.5mm across flats
* Above dimensions are suitable for RD-001 ASL Front Knuckle.
* If you use for the other knuckles, please check the dimensions of the knuckle, wheel before purchasing
0 sterren op basis van 0 beoordelingen


text:
StringReader.Close Method ()
Closes the StringReader.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
For an example of creating a file and writing text to a file, see How to: Write Text to a File. For an example of reading text from a file, see How to: Read Text from a File. For an example of reading from and writing to a binary file, see How to: Read and Write to a Newly Created Data File.
This method overrides the Stream.Close method.
This implementation of Close calls the Dispose method passing a true value.
Flushing the stream will not flush its underlying encoder unless you explicitly call Close. Setting AutoFlush to true means that data will be flushed from the buffer to the stream, but the encoder state will not be flushed. This allows the encoder to keep its state (partial characters) so that it can encode the next block of characters correctly. This scenario affects UTF8 and UTF7 where certain characters can only be encoded after the encoder receives the adjacent character or characters.
Following a call to Close, other methods might throw an exception.
Available since 1.1
Available since 2.0
Windows Phone Silverlight
Available since 7.0


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Persistent Systems C++ Interview Questions
This interview was for 10 years experience C/C++ developer. Persistent was looking for someone who is good at C & C++ with experience on System Programming.
01. How can we achieve inheritance in C programming
02. What is difference between mutex and semaphore
03. What is difference between static and dynamic linking
04. What is difference between pointer and reference
05. How to resolve Diamond problem in C++
06. Can we defined const static function in C++
07. How to initialize const variables of any class in C++
08. How to design singleton class in C++
09. Can we use any user defined data type as a key in Map in C++
10. Syntax of overloading << operator in C++
11. Difference between Copy constructor and assignment operator
12. What is the default functionality provided to class by compiler
13. How does virtual functions work in C++
14. Difference between malloc & new
15. Size of any class which has a virtual function in it
16. Questions on function overloading
17. Why static functions can be accessed without creating object of any class
18. Few questions were asked on System Programming
19. How should be deallocate instance created by Singletone class?
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