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Applications used in workgroup information systems. Group collaboration in business
Individuals in a business usually do not work entirely alone, but instead in teams, committees, departments, and other types of workgroups. To collaborate on common tasks, workgroup members can have meetings, talk on the telephone, send faxes, and distribute memos. Group members can also use workgroup information systems to help them collaborate. This type of system is also called a group support system because it supports the work of people in a group. This article looks at applications used in workgroup information systems, and shows how these applications affect group collaboration in businesses. First, we explain how workgroup information systems encourage group collaboration. Then we examine the characteristics of group collaboration and describe common workgroup applications and the software used for these applications, and finally we discuss about office automation and the virtual work environment.
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How Did Colonial People Make Candles?
Colonia way of making dipped taper candles
Making candles for dark nights was a yearly chore in colonial households. While colonists often bought cotton wick, they typically made enough candles to last for the year.
How Colonial Candles Were Made
Candles were most commonly made by dipping during colonial times in households, especially during the early colonial period. However, candle makers, or chandlers, started using molds as well.
Dipped Method
The process for dipping candles was fairly straightforward:
 1. Colonists would melt waxy material, usually tallow, in a large kettle full of scalding hot water.
 2. Once the tallow was melted, they would skim off the tallow and put it in another pot for dipping. They might also have put the tallow through a sieve to get out more impurities.
 3. They would then take a long wick (either bought from the store or spun from flax or cotton) and tie it to the end of a stick. Usually they would tie several wicks to one stick so they could dip several candles at once.
 4. Once the wick was tied, they would begin dipping the wick into the melted tallow.
 5. Once the candle was large enough, the candle maker (or wives and children) would press the bottom so it was flat and then hang the candles out to dry.
The tallow had to be stirred regularly, and it took about 25 dippings for a whole candle. Because it was quite a process, colonists would set aside an entire day for this annual chore. This process was the same regardless of the wax being used.
colonial woman hand dipping candles
Candle Molds
Colonial households typically didn't use candle molds. Molds could only make six to eight candles at a time and so it was impractical to use molds for the annual candle making. Consequently, colonial households would buy molded candles if they had enough money. However, the process for making them was very similar:
 1. The chandler would melt the wax material and skim off impurities.
 2. He would transfer the melted wax into something with a spout for easier pouring.
 3. He would then pour wax into the molds and allow it to harden.
Below is a demonstration of a colonial candle kit used with this method:
What Candles Were Made Of
There were four materials that candles were primarily made from during colonial times.
Beef and Sheep Tallow
The vast majority of candles in colonial times were made from tallow, which is a hard, fatty animal substance. The best candles were rendered from half sheep and half beef tallow. While you can use any tallow, this combination smelled the least and burned the best without sputtering. Especially poor people might use pig tallow, but it was undesirable because of the smell.
Medieval candles on sale at local fair
Beeswax was another popular material for candle making during the latter part of the colonial period. Beeswax, like bayberry, was not as plentiful as tallow, but it made a pleasant-smelling candle. They could be made either by dipping or in a mold.
New Englanders discovered bayberries have a waxy substance and were great for candle making. Not only did bayberry candles smell better than tallow candles, but they also were naturally a lovely green, making them great for decorating. However, it took about a dozen pounds of bayberry to yield one pound of candle wax. Consequently, people tended to add bayberry to their tallow wax rather than just making candles exclusively out of bayberry.
The first uniform candles were made from spermaceti, although chandlers did make molded candles from other materials. Molded candles were uniform in shape, so they looked nicer; however, spermaceti candles burned brighter and were firmer so they tended not to lose their shape. Chandlers made spermaceti candles by taking crystallized sperm whale oil and pouring it into candle molds and allowing it to harden.
Colonists didn't necessarily have a lot to work with, so the equipment needed to make candles was kept to a bare minimum.
 - Large kettle for melting wax and scalding water
 - A wooden paddle for stirring
 - Cotton wick - usually purchased, but colonists could make homemade wicks by spinning cotton on a wheel
 - A drying rack had several racks to hold many candles
 - Long sticks or branches for dipping multiple candles at once to make the chore more productive
 - Molds - chandlers might use molds to make uniform-looking candles; they were made out of tin or wood
Colonial Candle Making
Candles were an absolute necessity during colonial times because they were a primary way to light a home. Candle making was a common household chore until the oil lamp was invented and became common in the latter part of the 18th century. Even after the oil lamp came on the scene, colonists continued to make candles simply because they found them to be beautiful.
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How Did Colonial People Make Candles?


The Council of European Employers of the Metal, Engineering and Technology-Based Industries (CEEMET) has recently launched a new joint manifesto on industrial growth with the European engineering industries association, Orgalime. CEEMET's director explains why they have done so.
Uwe Combüchen is director general of CEEMET. He was interviewed by EurActiv's Jeremy Fleming.
Why have you published the joint manifesto?
The European Commission recently sent a clear message stressing that industry is vital to the economic recovery and that the industrial output must grow to reach 20% of GDP. We had been discussing the conditions needed in the current challenging time to get the manufacturing sectors back on track or keep them on the right path - what would be needed to ensure growth and jobs in the sectors? - and we decided to jointly respond to the Commission's recent communications such as "A stronger European industry for growth and recovery".
Why is the metal industry significant for industrial development?
The metal, engineering and technology based industries are critical to the European economy, directly employing upwards of 13 million people. Our voice needs to be heard on what European industry needs from the EU. We have listed in our joint policy manifesto a number of core issues for our industry, where we believe improvements will indeed help to ensure a stronger and greener manufacturing economy in Europe.
Are you concerned about the current state of the negotiations on the MFF, in relation to Horizon 2020?
As we have understood, within the future EU budget, the aim is to ensure that "spending should be mobilised to support growth, employment, competitiveness and convergence" and we do think that better focusing of the scarce resources better is always positive.
As national governments are cutting budgets, it is normal that the EU will need to do so too. The cuts should be done in inefficient areas and where no real added value has been reached. Spending should however absolutely not be cut in some key areas such as innovation, research and development. Rather, the budget should be increased there to keep Europe in the frontline of industrial development and to ensure growth and creation of new jobs.
What is your opinion on the recent review of Europe's industrial strategy?
We are of course very supportive of the Commission's renewed focus on industry. The four pillars that the communication focuses on are crucial (investment in innovation, better market conditions, access to finance and capitals, human capital and skills). Now we have to make sure the right measures are taken to ensure the implementation of the pillars. This is not something the Commission can do alone – we have to work together on ensuring the best conditions for industry in Europe.
How are you intending to make your manifesto message heard?
The Manifesto has also been sent to hundreds of stakeholders in Brussels and in national capitals. We plan to keep the priority topics on the agenda in the future in all times when we contact and discuss with our stakeholders as well.
By joining the forces with Orgalime we wanted to make sure the topics get more weight since they are so important to both organisations, and need urgent action, such as ensuring competitive labour markets in Europe and making national social security systems future proof (reforms are surely needed as well as with the pension systems) and responding to the skills shortage in the EU manufacturing industry so better matching of skills and labour market needs.


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Anime And Manga
- One Piece's great prison Impel Down serves as this, as well as being a Hellhole Prison. It holds particularly notorious and dangerous criminals, with 5 different levels of hellish punishments. Meanwhile the secret level 6 qualifies more as a Tailor-Made Prison.
- In Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple, whenever one of the obscenely powerful martial artists of YAMI are defeated and incarcerated, they're taken to the prison "Big Lock" to serve sentences. However, this is subverted into a Cardboard Prison when the guards eventually realize that the prisoners could easily escape any time they want, but stay put as a matter of honor in having lost their fights. Once YAMI requires their services again, they break right out.
- In Tokyo Ghoul, those Ghouls that aren't outright killed are sent to Kokuria, a special prison in the 23rd Ward. Prisoners are housed according to their threat ranking, and used as informants or for research materials. The walls are made from a special metal (created by combining steel with melted down Ghoul corpses) and a gas that weakens them is pumped into the air to keep them from using their full strength.
- The DC Universe:
- Belle Reve Penitentiary in Louisiana is used to hold metahuman criminals. It is also the headquarters of Task Force X (AKA the Suicide Squad), which allows prisoners to perform dangerous missions in return for a reduction in their sentences.
- In the 30th century, Takron-Galtos is a prison planet used by the United Planets to hold high risk inmates, such as super criminals.
- Marvel Universe:
- Project: Pegasus has been used to hold (and study) high powered super criminals.
- The Prison 42. During the Civil War, a group of heroes led by Iron Man, Mister Fantastic and Yellowjacket created a massive prison in the Negative Zone to house captured non-registering heroes as they waited for their trials.
- Massively Multiplayer Crossover fanfic Blood And Revolution has the Japanese government, and later PrivateMilitaryContractors KaibaCorp, creating prisons for the youkai, both legitimate prisoners and political versions. The original was a The Alcatraz-type destroyed by Kenshin and Aoshi, but they get more high-tech and more effective as the decades go on.
- Seeing as the eponymous organization in Shadowchasers acts as law enforcement in a Fantasy Kitchen Sink world, they have such a facility. Both magic and technology are woven into the security, with more powerful wards used on higher risk and powerful inmates. They have a far more secure prison in Norway where demons and other evil extradimensional beings are held. (The ones not banished, that is.)
- X-Men Origins: Wolverine briefly featured a series of holding cells that combine this trope and Tailor-Made Prison. Each cell was made capable of holding their individual mutant occupant.
- The Ghostbusters' containment unit holds all the ghosts they capture.
- General Zod and his cronies are banished to the Phantom Zone in the 1978 Superman: The Movie. The Phantom Zone is portrayed as an interdimensional wasteland with no hope of escape. Unless, of course, someone therein is needed by the plot, in which case, the Phantom Zone is a horrible vacation spot.
- In Men in Black 3 there's a prison for alien criminals on the moon. The guards have futuristic technology, and the fact that escape means exposure to vacuum also helps.
- Azkaban in the Harry Potter universe is a prison for evil wizards, guarded by the soul-sucking dementors.
- In Myth-ing Persons, Aahz is arrested and imprisoned in a city of vampires. Because a normal jail cell can't hold a vampire, he's placed inside the mouth of an animated dragon-head statue, which can swallow a prisoner who tries to break free or inhale them if they turn into mist.
- Kholomi in Labyrinths of Echo is a prison for mages where magic just doesn't work.
- The Divine Comedy's Ironic Hell features horrid weather, cliffs, monsters, demons, and a doorway marked "Abandon all hope, ye who enter here."
Live Action TV
- The protagonists of The Flash (2014) stored captured metahumans in a failed particle accelerator re-purposed to be a prison. In Season 2, once the existence of metahumans becomes common knowledge, the ordinary Iron Heights prison is refitted to be able to handle metahuman prisoners. We're never shown how it works, though. Presumably, though, Cisco is consulted on each prisoner. The cells in the particle accelerator remain, though, and are used twice to temporarily hold people (Harry from Earth 2 and the original Eobard Thawne). Additionally, Zoom holds his special prisoners in small transparent cells that only he can enter by vibrating his body. Barry is able to escape it by copying Zoom's trick.
- In the crossover Supergirl (2015) episode, Barry helps the National City justice department do the same to their prison, allowing it to contain individuals with superpowers, as well as to be afforded the same rights of due process as everyone else.
- Tartarus of Classical Mythology, where the souls of the worst of humanity are tormented for eternity along with the monsters that have been banished there.
- Champions has Stronghold, a prison specifically designed to hold super-powered criminals. Exceptionally powerful inmates are kept in Tailor-Made Prison cells.
- The Spellhold, a prison designed specifically to hold rogue mages, in Forgotten Realms. It is also featured prominently in Baldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn.
- The New World of Darkness has the Lansing Facility, an "ultramax" prison the Vanguard Serial Crimes Unit uses to store slashers who are too dangerous to be brought to trial.
- World of Warcraft:
- The Arcatraz is being used by the Naaru as a prison for some of the most dangerous entities in the universe.
- The Violet Hold is the prison of Dalaran and is designed to hold beings with magical abilities. As of Legion, it's had major breakouts twice, and Lt. Sinclari thinks it's about time they found someplace else to keep these prisoners.
- In Batman: Arkham Asylum, Arkham had special prisons for the super-powered individuals. Poison Ivy, for example, was kept in a reinforced greenhouse.
- Star Wars: The Old Republic: Belsavis, an entire planet used by the Republic as a prison for the kinds of convicts and POWs that can't be kept in regular jail cells. The most slippery escape artist, the most brutal mass murderers, species with abilities that can't be contained, and all of it built on the ruins of an ancient prison built by the Rakata for a race they were terrified of. And that's not even the planet's true purpose.
- Dragon Age:
- The Aeonar is a prison mostly reserved for convicted mages. What distinguishes it from a normal prison is that the veil (the incorporeal barrier between the physical world and the Fade) is damaged due to a brutal massacre of Tevinter mages that took place there several centuries prior, allowing spirits and demons to easily pass through. This makes it a particularly dangerous and hostile environment for mages, who are connected to the Fade and thus are in constant danger of possession by spirits and demons (the latter of which are technically just malicious spirits), giving the Chantry ample excuse to routinely execute its prisoners in a world where magic is deeply feared. The location of the prison itself is unknown to everyone except for a small number of Templars (knights enlisted by the Chantry to hunt down hostile mages).
- It's not just mages who are sent there, either - anyone caught conspiring with blood mages or other maleficarum are sent there as well. At the end of the Magi origin in the first game, Lily, a Chantry sister-in-training, is willfully sent there as punishment for being in love with the player character's friend Jowan, who had been practicing blood magic without her knowledge. The prison is essentially used as a brutal test to weed out hostile mages among the Chantry's prisoners simply by waiting and seeing who doesn't get possessed.
- As of the end of Dragon Age II, the Aeonar is empty with no sign of violence or struggle after the start of the Mage-Templar war.
- The SCP Foundation has a lot of Tailor Made Prisons, but the foundation also has standard cells if the SCP doesn't require any special containment procedures yet risks breaking the Masquerade if it is discovered.
- In Worm, the Birdcage was specifically designed to be proof against escape even by the most powerful parahumans.
- The unnamed prison within Hell in Void Domain. Designed to hold demons. Permanently if need be.
- The Citadel from Star Wars: The Clone Wars was a prison built by the Republic to contain Dark Jedi and other Force-using criminals. The Separatists found that it's perfectly capable of holding good Jedi.
- There were several prisons for benders in Avatar: The Last Airbender, built by the Fire Nation. They were built with precautions regarding the element the inmates were capable of bending: for example, a prison designed to hold earthbenders was built from iron over water, with nary a piece of earth in sight.
- The Alliance in Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends has a prison facility for all the various alien they've arrested, many of whom have special abilities.
- The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Solid Crystal Fortune Cookies (in preparation)
Solid Crystal Fortune Cookies (triptych, part 3) is currently in preparation (planned for 2020). The film will be a contemporary parable, based on the collective memory of a vanished community. "What if the fisherman and the farmer have effectively disappeared?" After The Rabbit and the Teasel (2014) and I watched the white dogs of the dawn (2018), this film further explores themes such as the relationship between man and nature, the 'condition humaine', social conflict, the 'disenchantment' of the world and our quest for happiness. The following questions are key: do we have free will? Why do we have to suffer? What is it we call human nature? Are there limits to our reason? Are we bound by moral laws? How do we achieve happiness? Solid Crystal Fortune Cookies is a film that offers rituals. Rituals that reconnect us, with each other and with nature. The story of Solid Crystal Fortune Cookies is the result of an amalgam of happy, chance encounters with the unexpected.
Solid Crystal Fortune Cookies, 2020, triptych, part III, 00:40:00, color, sound, digital file.
Copyright Els Dietvorst.
Fiction and autobiographical elements smoothly mingle in a lyrical tale that drags the viewer into a universe of beauty, death, and decay. A masterful narrative, an extremely accurate work on the texts and the powerful aesthetics of timeless rural landscape, perfectly combine with the slow and relentless pace of remembrance and the melancholy of a lost innocence. (Paolo Moretti, Catalogue Visions du Reel, Nyon.)


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Perturbed Message Passing for Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Siamak Ravanbakhsh, Russell Greiner; 16(Jul):1249−1274, 2015.
AbstractWe introduce an efficient message passing scheme for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), which uses stochastic perturbation of Belief Propagation (BP) and Survey Propagation (SP) messages to bypass decimation and directly produce a single satisfying assignment. Our first CSP solver, called Perturbed Belief Propagation, smoothly interpolates two well-known inference procedures; it starts as BP and ends as a Gibbs sampler, which produces a single sample from the set of solutions. Moreover we apply a similar perturbation scheme to SP to produce another CSP solver, Perturbed Survey Propagation. Experimental results on random and real-world CSPs show that Perturbed BP is often more successful and at the same time tens to hundreds of times more efficient than standard BP guided decimation. Perturbed BP also compares favorably with state-of-the-art SP-guided decimation, which has a computational complexity that generally scales exponentially worse than our method (w.r.t. the cardinality of variable domains and constraints). Furthermore, our experiments with random satisfiability and coloring problems demonstrate that Perturbed SP can outperform SP-guided decimation, making it the best incomplete random CSP-solver in difficult regimes.


Think of Me First as a Person
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Think of Me First as a Person
Directed by George Ingmire
Starring Dwight Core (voice)
Dwight Core Jr.
Cinematography Dwight Core
Edited by George Ingmire
Release dates
(Originally shot till 1975)
Country U.S.A.
Language English
Think of Me First as a Person is a documentary film and home movie about Dwight Core, Jr., a boy with Down syndrome. The footage was originally shot throughout the 1960s and '70s by Core's father, Dwight Core, Sr. The footage was later discovered and completed by the filmmaker's grandson, George Ingmire.
The film was first shown at New Orleans' 2006 Home Movie Day. Later that year, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, an honor bestowed every year to twenty-five films deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The Library of Congress's statement announcing the 2006 additions to the Registry called the film a "loving portrait by a father of his son with Down syndrome" that represented "the creativity and craftsmanship of the American amateur filmmaker."[1]
The film's title comes from the 1974 Rita Dranginis poem of the same name.
 1. ^ "Librarian of Congress Adds Home Movie, Silent Films and Hollywood Classics to Film Preservation List", The Library of Congress, 27 December 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
External links[edit]


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(Jargon Rating= 0) - a snowboardto snowboardto be snowboarding- A noun, adjective and verb. A plank of wood that can be tied to your foot and riden down a hill, preferably on snow. An alternative to its friend the ski.
a big ski (to a manufacturer anyway), but you only need one and ski boots just cost more
a one person snow rider in which a person stands on
a single board akin to a surfboard that is used to slide down a snow covered slope without the need for skis or ski poles but with greater agility and control
A snowboard is a board ridden in snowboarding to descend a snow-covered slope. It is similar to a surfboard or skateboard, except that the rider's feet are attached to the board with bindings. Snowboards generally have a length between 140-165cm, a width of around 25 cm, and are constructed with a laminated wood core with a steel edge.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A serialization system for storing and transmitting data over a network. Apache Avro supports rich data structures, a compact binary encoding, and a container file for sequences of Avro
data (often referred to as Avro data files). Avro is language-independent and several language bindings are available, including Java, C, C++, Python, and Ruby. All components
in CDH that produce or consume files support Avro data files.
Avro provides functionality similar to systems such as Thrift and Protocol Buffers.


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The Challenge of Residency at Sage College, 1900s–1920s
In 1929, Pauline Davis and Ruth Peyton were denied residency in Sage College. The Dean of Women, R. Louise Fitch, made the decision, and President Livingston Farrand (_PHONE_) upheld it. Their actions contrasted with Cornells open door policy, which called for decisions about residency to be based on merit, not on race, religion, or creed. In previous decades, African-American women such as Jessie Fauset (Class of 1905) had lived at Sage College. In 1911, Farrands predecessor, Jacob Gould Schurman (_PHONE_), had ruled in favor of admitting two African-American women to Sage College after 269 white women students had petitioned against them. Schurman declared, University doors must be open to all students irrespective of race or color or creed... By the time the decision was made, however, the two African-American women had already left Cornell.
Sara Winifred Brown, Class of 1897.


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I am so excited to announce our brand new My Danish Ancestor Activity Book. This 52-page activity book encourages youth to ask questions and delve into the Danish history of their family in a fun way. The "My Ancestors" hands-on workbooks create bonds between generations with hours of activities, puzzles, games, recipes, stories and crafts that can involve the entire family. Timelines, paper dolls, coloring pages, maps, music, dot-to-dots and crossword puzzles combine to give youth ownership of their own genealogy and the send them on a quest to bring their family history to life.
As I've said before, studies have shown that greater knowledge about family history strengthens and empowers youth by creating self-esteem, resilience and a greater sense of control over their lives. Learning about the family's past also strengthens the relationships between living family members by creating a shared experience and core identity that no one else in the world can duplicate. This new children's workbook is designed to help kids gain the benefits of family history and start asking their family members about their shared past.
I have a particularly inspiring Danish ancestor and I'm excited to share this book with my children and someday with my grandchildren. But beyond that, this was our most requested book. These are activities, games, and questions that will help you discover the exciting lives of your Danish Ancestors. You can:
- Make some Danish rye bread and learn about Danish sandwiches
- Sing a Danish Folk Song
- Find some Danish family words
- Complete a dot-to-dot of a famous Danish castle
- Document what you know about your favorite Danish ancestor
- Learn about Danish royalty and Danish crests
- Solve puzzles about famous Danish people
- Make a special Julehjerte to honor your Danish ancestor
- Simple projects, recipes, and worksheets make it easy for your busy family to celebrate their Danish heritage.
You can purchase this book now, through our website. We'll also have plenty of copies on hand at Rootstech. Either way, you cannot go wrong when you use these books to introduce your children and grandchildren to your Danish heritage.


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Notes on Reproduction and Growth in the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss)
Australian Wildlife Research
6(1) 5 - 12
Reproduction of koalas was studied at Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Brisbane, where 80% of births fall between October and January. Gestation ranges from 34 to 36 days. Females are monotocous. Those who wean their young in the first half of the breeding season breed again in the second half. Although polyoestrous, most females conceive at their first oestrus, except 2-y-olds. Males are mature at 3 y old, females at 2 y old. Young emerge from the pouch at 7 months, leave it completely at 9 months, and are weaned at approximately 12 months. Growth curves are provided. Those born early in the season grow faster than those born later; the age when growth ceases is unknown. Longevity is about 12y; and the sex ratio may be slightly biased towards females.
Full text doi:10.1071/WR9790005
© CSIRO 1979


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State can be a tricky thing in every system specially when's manipulated in different places, causes some side-effects, … On mobile apps, it can be especially challenging when we have highly dynamic user interfaces driven by some state(s) and a great example of that are forms where is frequent to see some collapsable rows or entire sections being inserted, removed or even both. Manually managing all of that can be quite complex and most of the times ends up not being sufficiently generic to be reused by every form which increases the effort of not only developing but also maintaining each form within an app. And if that was not enough, there's also the question of reading and understanding precisely the structure of a single form which most of the times are imperative and composed by many components, e.g. delegates, data sources,..., making it even more hard to maintain and modify. FormsKit born as a need to manage a reasonable number of forms in a declarative and composable way through a descriptive state.
FormsKit follows a React-based approach to render and manage a form through a virtual representation which is completely driven by any change in a single core state. This enables deriving an interface for a very specific state instead of patching it manually which requires knowledge of the current state of the form, which can actually be many combinations, to then determine the correspondent transition to reflect the new state. FRP plays an essential role as the base to track any change in the core state and consequently triggering a new form's representation plus notify those changes as a stream of values.
Despite the focus in FormsKit framework, the main goal is to demonstrate how we should change our way of thinking to derive interfaces, and even other states, through a single state instead of doing the other way around, avoiding manual and localised changes which are not easy to understand, maintain and finally test.
About speakerDavid has been working in iOS apps (and sometimes frameworks) in the past 5 years and dived deeply in Swift and FRP in the past 2.5 years being a strong evangelist of both since then. He strongly believes in open source and is also passionate about backend systems. He enjoys not only coding but also teach and discuss different concepts and ideas.


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The story in Dream begins at the end of the rainbow with the Dream Chest, a magical portal between "what is" and "what can be." The cover of the book is a close-up of the front of the chest, so opening the book is like opening your very own chest of dreams and going on a colorful journey of a lifetime -- your lifetime.
Make a real Dream Chest for yourself. It doesn't matter how old you are -- because you're never too young or too old to dream!
Start by getting a small chest or box. If you're using a cardboard box, use paint, paper, and other art materials to decorate it in some way that reflects your personality and who you are.
Over time, as you look through magazines and newspapers, clip out articles, images, cartoons, etc. that inspire you, interest you, and relate to the dreams and goals you have for yourself. Include stories about people who are heroes or role models for you.
This is a simple activity, but a powerful one. Visit your Dream Chest when you need inspiration or are doing goal setting. It will help you identify and stay focused on who you are and what's important to you.


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Noninvasive monitoring of tissue-engineered constructs is of critical importance for accurate characterization of constructs and their remodeling in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated the utility of 1H NMR spectroscopy to noninvasively quantify viable cell number in tissue-engineered substitutes in vitro. Agarose disk-shaped constructs containing βTC3 cells were employed as the model tissue-engineered system. Two construct prototypes containing different initial cell numbers were monitored by localized, water-suppressed 1H NMR spectroscopy over the course of 13 days. 1H NMR measurements of the total choline resonance at 3.2 ppm were compared with results from the traditional cell viability assay MTT and with insulin secretion rates. Results show a strong linear correlation between total choline and MTT (R2 = 0.86), and between total choline and insulin secretion rate (R2 = 0.90). Overall, this study found noninvasive measurement of total choline to be an accurate and nondestructive assay for monitoring viable βTC3 cell numbers in tissue-engineered constructs. The applicability of this method to in vivo monitoring is also discussed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology


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PDO-eS2CNNs: Partial Differential Operator Based Equivariant Spherical CNNs
Keywords:(Deep) Neural Network Algorithms, Learning with Manifolds, Representation Learning, Classification and Regression
AbstractSpherical signals exist in many applications, e.g., planetary data, LiDAR scans and digitalization of 3D objects, calling for models that can process spherical data effectively. It does not perform well when simply projecting spherical data into the 2D plane and then using planar convolution neural networks (CNNs), because of the distortion from projection and ineffective translation equivariance. Actually, good principles of designing spherical CNNs are avoiding distortions and converting the shift equivariance property in planar CNNs to rotation equivariance in the spherical domain. In this work, we use partial differential operators (PDOs) to design a spherical equivariant CNN, PDO-eS2CNN, which is exactly rotation equivariant in the continuous domain. We then discretize PDO-eS2CNNs, and analyze the equivariance error resulted from discretization. This is the first time that the equivariance error is theoretically analyzed in the spherical domain. In experiments, PDO-eS2CNNs show greater parameter efficiency and outperform other spherical CNNs significantly on several tasks.
How to Cite
Shen, Z., Shen, T., Lin, Z., & Ma, J. (2021). PDO-eS2CNNs: Partial Differential Operator Based Equivariant Spherical CNNs. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 35(11), 9585-9593. Retrieved from _URL_
AAAI Technical Track on Machine Learning IV


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I'm aware that linked lists, sets and arrays can be used to create stacks by themselves. The theory behind it is this
linked-list: In some languages, a linked-list is substitutable for an array. Stacks are First In First Out operations.
pop methods invoke a stack like behavior.
set: A set is exactly the same as an array, except it does not feature duplicate elements.
I'm struggling to find a way that a tree can be used to create a stack


From Age of Warscape Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Brahmism is both a religion and a social philosophy that revolves around the teachings and worship of Ohm'Brahman. Similar to the religion Judaism, Brahmism usually aims to have a society of complete order and peace amoungst all races. Those who follow Brahmism are known to be slightly pacifistic, and are known to believe that hatred and inequality are not something that should exist in the world. They are also known to never strike first or cause aggression, and only attack to defend themselves or others. This philosophy is normally practiced within Human societies.
Age of Warscape Ideologies


Question by NaiveAngelAz (15)
Are moth balls harmful to cats?
Answer by BrendaG (6111)
Mothballs are toxic and can cause health problems, but they work in keeping cats from using gardens and plants for litter boxes. Tea leaves sprinkled around gardens and plants is a safe alternative. Cats do not like lavender(nor do deer) or geraniums and keeping those plants would be beneficial. Rue and pennyroyal are two other plants they abhore.
Answer by SandyG (807)
Absolutely. Package has warnings. If you need to use them, place them inside two layers of socks and secure inside clostet so the cat cannot walk off with the sock.
Answer by PMD (41)
Moth balls are very harmful to cats as they contain an offending chemical called naphthalene which is toxic to them.
Answer by Taylor (863)
If your cat ate 1 or 2 he/she should be fine however, if you cat ate a bunch of them you should take him/her to the vet right away. Moth Bolls do contain harmful chemicals but they usually only have a few MG of the active ingredient so it would take a few to cause harm.
Answer by Anonymous
Cats don't eat anything that is not appealing to them. Very unlike dogs, that will eat anything. With their keen sense of smell, a cat would back away from moth balls.
You have 50 words left!


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March 96 - Flicker-Free Drawing With QuickDraw GX
Flicker-Free Drawing With QuickDraw GX
Hugo Ayala
Does your QuickDraw GX application have a look reminiscent of the old silent movies? If so, it suffers from flicker. But don't despair -- help is as near as this issue's CD, where you'll find a ready-to-use library for doing memory-efficient, flicker-free drawing inside a window. This article explores the problem of flicker and its solutions and walks you through the code.
My first encounter with the idea of flicker-free drawing happened when I was a 12-year-old kid reading my father's copy of Nibble, a journal about programming the Apple II. A review of new products mentioned a program that had impeccable animation and guessed that the programmer was most likely using "page switching" to produce flicker-free drawing. Page switching (or page flipping) took advantage of the fact that the Apple II could use more than one location in memory (more than one page) to hold the screen image. Given enough memory, a programmer could set things up so that there was a second "offscreen" page to draw into while the first was being shown on the screen. Switching back and forth between these two pages made flicker-free drawing possible.
Today's hardware bears little resemblance to the Apple II, but the technique for doing flicker-free drawing is essentially the same. It involves double buffering (also known as screen buffering) -- causing all objects to be drawn first into an offscreen buffer and then copying that entire buffer to the front buffer (the window). Both this and the Apple II method eliminate the need to erase the old position of a moving image directly on the screen before drawing its new position, which is the primary cause of flicker.
The library that accompanies this article manages an offscreen buffer for a QuickDraw GX view port. Using it will enable you to give your QuickDraw GX application a more professional feel by removing flicker. You could use the offscreen library provided with QuickDraw GX to do screen buffering, but because it's a much more general-purpose tool, you would have to handle most of the minutiae of examining screen devices, filling out the bitmap data structures, and allocating and releasing the memory yourself. The library provided on this issue's CD does all of that for you.
I'll walk you through the library code, illustrated by the sample application called Flicker Free on the CD, but first I'll give some background on the problem of flicker and its solutions. This article assumes that you already know a thing or two about QuickDraw GX; if you don't, see the article "Getting Started With QuickDraw GX" in develop Issue 15. The essential references are Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects and Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
For a dramatic illustration of flicker, run the sample application Flicker Free (you'll need a color Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed). You'll see a window filled with fifty circles bouncing around in different directions (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. The startup screen from the sample application Flicker Free
The Drawing menu in the Flicker Free application offers a choice of buffering methods: full screen buffering, no screen buffering, and half and half. The program starts up in half-and-half mode: the left side of the window (the side with the Apple menu, for those like me who can't tell left from right) is being buffered, while the other side isn't. Switch among the buffering choices to get a sense of the difference that flicker or its absence makes in how you experience the animation.
What causes flicker? In our case, the shapes on the right are being erased and then redrawn over and over again as they move across the screen. And although the rendering of the shapes is very fast (your mileage may vary according to CPU speed), the act of constantly drawing and erasing them makes the whole thing look like an old silent movie. In places where circles overlap, pixels are made to take on different colors as each shape is drawn. In the resulting blur of colors, it's hard to see which shape is in front.
The key to avoiding flicker is to avoid erasing pixels on the screen needlessly between two stages of a drawing and to change only the color of those pixels that need to change. The left side of our sample application window is being double buffered, meaning that each circle is drawn into an offscreen buffer and then the whole scene is transferred onto the screen. Because at each step in the animation only the pixels that need to change color do, the movement of the circles is rendered flicker free. With double buffering there's no problem telling which circles are in front. Shapes move neatly past each other.
Figure 2 shows two frame-by-frame drawing sequences illustrating the difference between an update full of flicker and a flicker-free update.
The upper set of frames in Figure 2 shows what happens without double buffering. The screen is erased (in frame 2 and then again, out of view, in frame 7) and then each circle is added to the screen in its new position. The whole assembly of circles appears on the screen only briefly before they're erased and the process is started again. The lower set of frames in the figure shows the update process during double buffering. The offscreen image is transferred to the screen in a sweep replacing the previous image. You can see the sweep line as a very subtle horizontal break in the frame.
Figure 2. An update full of flicker vs. a flicker-free update
The sample application gives a dramatic demonstration of how flicker affects animation. But even if your QuickDraw GX application isn't an animation package, it probably suffers from some form of flicker when update events are serviced. The most common and most annoying flicker occurs when applications engage in some form of user interaction -- for example, dragging marquees, manipulating shapes, and editing text.
When you're considering using screen buffering, it's important to understand the tradeoff with drawing speed. In the sample application, the speed at which the circles travel is a function of the number of circles in the window, the size of the window, and your choice of screen buffering. Given the same window size and number of shapes, drawing with screen buffering is always slower than with no screen buffering. Screen buffering involves the same amount of work as screen drawing plus the additional step of transferring the offscreen image onto the screen.
When the window contains one circle, the unbuffered performance is at least three times faster than that of the buffered case (again, your mileage may vary depending on your CPU speed). As more shapes are added, the performance in both cases goes down, but so does the performance gap between the two: the unbuffered performance doesn't have as much of an advantage over the buffered performance. This is because the speed at which the offscreen buffer is transferred to the screen is independent of the complexity of the shape it contains; it's purely a function of its size. As the complexity of the shape being buffered increases, the relative cost of shape buffering decreases.
Now, this doesn't mean that you should buffer only complex shapes that take a long time to draw. What it means is that when you add screen buffering to your application, you have to be mindful of what constitutes a reasonable tradeoff between buffering and drawing performance. You should try things out and see if screen buffering is the technique best suited to your needs. Alternatives to screen buffering that enable flicker-free drawing include the use of transfer modes and geometric operations. I hope to discuss these in a future develop article.
Meanwhile, we'll take a look at the screen buffering library that accompanies this article, which is ready for you to incorporate into your QuickDraw GX application. I wrote the library with performance issues in mind. Thus, it takes advantage of the fact that in the QuickDraw GX graphics object model, information that's needed to render a shape can be computed once, stored in a drawing cache, and reused every time that shape is drawn. The library is very careful to check before making calls that invalidate drawing caches, so the overhead of offscreen drawing is kept to a minimum.
Everything you need in order to use the screen buffering library is defined in the interface file. The library consists of four major routines: the routine that creates the view port buffer object, the one that disposes of it, the one that updates it, and the one that uses it to actually buffer screen drawing. The four corresponding calls should parallel the drawing loop inside your application.
The include file defines only one data type:
typedef struct viewPortBufferRecord **viewPortBuffer;
The internals of the data type are private to the "screen buffering.c" file and are as follows:
struct viewPortBufferRecord {
 gxViewGroup group; /* The offscreen's view group. */
 gxViewDevice device; /* The offscreen's view device. */
 gxViewPort view; /* The offscreen's view port. */
 gxShape buffer; /* The bitmap of the offscreen's */
 /* view device. */
 gxBitmap bits; /* Source structure for the */
 /* buffer shape. */
 Handle storage; /* A temp handle to the bits of */
 /* the bitmap. */
 gxTransform offxform; /* This draws into the offscreen. */
 gxTransform on_xform; /* This draws onscreen. */
 gxShape eraser; /* Erases offscreen to background */
 /* color. */
 gxShape marker; /* Used to draw into the */
 /* offscreen. */
 gxShape


Chinoiserie Drag: Masquerading as the Oriental Other.
 Chinoiserie Drag: Masquerading as the Oriental Other makes an important and innovative contribution to the understanding of the gender and racial performance of the oriental other. In order to develop an analysis of the subversive use of hegemonic representations of gender and race I formulate the idea of chinoiserie drag. A survey of the colonial project of chinoiserie provides a historical context and grounds my investigation, whilst queer theory helps frame my approach. I identify chinoiserie drag as a performance based on a 'fanciful interpretation' of East Asian people, creating drag acts that lampoon the oriental other. Throughout the chapter I demonstrate how, by performing a racialized gender, Zoe is able to employ chinoiserie drag to enact agency by authoring her own identity. The concept of chinoiserie drag creates new knowledge formation enabling an understanding of how hegemonic representations of race are usurped by the parodic performance of race.
 Original languageEnglish
 Title of host publicationContemporary Drag Practices & Performers: Drag in a Changing Scene Vol 1
 PublisherBloombury, London
 Publication statusAccepted/In press - 1 Aug 2020
 - performing gender; performing race; Chinese drag; transgender
 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Chinoiserie Drag: Masquerading as the Oriental Other.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
 Cite this


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Webinar 1: Persuasive Communication – Spoken and Written
The Persuasive Oral – or a variation of it – is one of the most commonly set oral assignments in Queensland Schools. This webinar will contain advice and information about the latest and most effective techniques to use in teaching this genre. There will also be an opportunity to learn about and discuss how these skills of persuasion can be incorporated into the written format.
This webinar will be run in an after-school timeslot: 3.30pm-4.45pm on Thursday 29th March, 2012. Participation is free.
To register your interest in the webinar and receive further information about how to participate, please email Kelli McGraw at kelli.mcgraw @ qut.edu.au


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Surname – PATER
Meaning/Origin – The name PATER comes from the Latin pater, meaning "father". In English, it is pronounced PAY-ter or PAH-ter. Hear it pronounced by a Polish speaker here.
Countries of Origin – The surname Pater can be found in several countries. According to the World Names Profiler, the countries with the highest frequency per million residents are the Netherlands, with 176, and Poland with 115. The next highest countries (and their respective frequency per million) are Luxembourg (43), France (8), Belgium (7), Canada (6), United States (6), and Germany (5). Although Great Britain is not currently listed with a high frequency, in past centuries Pater was also considered to be a British name.
Spelling Variations - The spelling does not vary in the Netherlands, but in Poland you will find a few variations, including Patera, Paterak, Paterała, Paterek, Paterkiewicz, and Paterski. (Source: Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings, Second Edition by William F. Hoffman)
Surname Maps – The following maps illustrate the frequency of the PATER surname in the Netherlands and Poland. According to _URL_ there are about 1,500 people with the surname in the United States, with the heaviest concentration in Pennsylvania.
SOURCE: familienaam.nl database, _URL_ accessed October 10, 2009.
SOURCE: Mojkrewni.pl "Mapa nazwisk" database, _URL_ accessed October 10, 2009.
Famous Individuals with the Surname – Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English writer and art critic (see some of his works here at Project Gutenberg). Jean-Baptiste Pater (29 December 1695 – 25 July 1736) was a French painter.
My Family – My Pater family comes from Poland. My earliest ancestor so far with this name is Hilary Pater, born between _PHONE_ in Poland. My line of descent is as follows: Jan (b. 1834, Kamieńskie Budy) > Jozef Pater (b. 21 Sep 1864, Ruda Guzowska, which later became Żyrardów) > Ludwik (Louis) (b. 24 Aug 1893, Żyrardów) > Henry (b. 25 Mar 1912, Philadelphia). Jozef and his family immigrated to the U.S. (Philadelphia, PA) from 1905 to 1907.
A female Pater (daughter of Jozef) may have settled in New Jersey or New York with her husband and family. The family is rumored to have cousins in Chicago as well (possibly owners of a movie theater in the 1940′s).
Based on information in the IGI, my great-grandfather's cousins remained in Żyrardów – Jozef (son of Marcin, brother of my Jozef) died in 1942 at the age of 45, and his son Bronislaw died in 1943 at the age of 22. I can only assume they died as a result of the war, but more research is needed about their lives and deaths.
My Research Challenges – I need to find evidence of Hilary's birth, marriage, and death in Polish records. He was named on his son's marriage record, but I have not yet located his own records. I would like to trace the name as far back as possible to determine if the family immigrated to Poland from somewhere else. In addition, I would like to track down the descendants of my grandfather's (Henry's) brothers, Walter Pater and Eugene Pater (Walter used the alias Walter Miller) and fill in some missing information about my great-grandfather's sisters and their families.
Other Pater Families – The Family Organisation Pater in the Netherlands is led by Bram Pater. They have researched over 30,000 names in seven different Pater lines – including some in Poland (though not my own branch). If you can read Dutch, check it out!
Surname Message Boards – There is a rather inactive message board on Ancestry here.
Miscellaneous - The American Soundex code for Pater is P360 and the Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex Code is 739000. There are 386 individuals in the U.S. Social Security Death Index with the surname Pater (four are related to me – Elizabeth, Henry, Mae, and Eugene).
This post is #1 of an ongoing series about surnames.


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Hospital Drug Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Patrick Yoder, PharmD, LogicStream Health CEO, was recently published in Advance for Nurses, discussing hospital drug shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In the article, Yoder outlines how drug shortages were a prevailing problem ahead of the novel coronavirus outbreak and were considered a 'chronic, ongoing crisis with no end in sight.' As has been the case historically, natural disasters can have long-term effects on the pharmacy supply chain, as evidenced by the shortages following Hurricane Maria in 2018.
Compounding the problem in the current situation is the reliance on foreign countries, namely China, Italy and India, in supplying generic medications and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the United States. As those countries experience a disruption in their manufacturing processes, it has an extended impact on the supply chain for the U.S. pharmaceutical market. One expert, Dr. Scott Gottlieb, has shared that he thinks the list of drugs that could be at risk is much larger than the 20 sole-sourced drugs that are at risk because they are produced only in China.
Below is a condensed version of the six keys to managing shortages in the current environment. Read the full article to get all the details:
- Early warning
- Build a watch list
- Know your electronic systems
- Communicate, communicate, communicate
- Know your inventory and update it often
- Document all process, workflow, communication and inventory changes enacted during the shortage
Much more detail is provided on each of these six keys in the original article. If you're interested in learning more about how to manage drug shortages with The Drug Shortage App from LogicStream Health™, visit The App homepage. To help hospitals manage drug shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, LogicStream Health is also offering free notifications from The App. You can sign up for those notifications by sending an email to _EMAIL_ or completing the form on this page.


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Excelling in college courses usually requires a different kind of studying than students did in high school. In order to excel, itís critical for students to understand the difference between studying and learning. One of the best ways to make sure that students are learning, and not just studying, is to introduce the concept of metacognition. This workshop walks students through the basics of metacognition. Using language that students will understand, the expert presenter explains how this concept can be integrated into study strategies and ultimately how it can help students move up Bloomís Taxonomy from lower level to higher level learning.
Students will learn:
- The difference between studying and learning
- The basics of metacognition
- How to use metacognition when studying
- The study cycle learning strategy
- How this study cycle can help you move to higher learning levels


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Most of us avoid modifying or hacking our devices due to fear of bricking them. Also once a device is bricked, which usually occurs due to a hardware of a software hack or mod, it goes out of warranty and service centers will charge or in some cases refuse to repair the device. Here are a few tips on how to avoid bricking your device and how to try and jump start them once them are bricked.
What is a Bricked device?
A Bricked device is nothing but an expensive mobile device that can now only be used as a brick or a paper weight. Once bricked, the device will not power on or boot.
Mobile devices brick due to serious misconfiguration, corrupted firmwares or unauthorized hardware modifications. Devices can also be bricked when their firmware and other low-level system software are re/overwritten.
How can you avoid Bricking?
- Do not try a hack or a jailbreak or any other ROM modifications without the correct know how.
- Do not tweak advance feature sets without knowing what you are doing.
- In case you are confident and want to go ahead with a hack or mod, always follow instructions from a reliable source, word by word (mostly for first timers).
- Always have a fully charged (or at least 75%) charged battery before you attempt any hacks or mods.
- Never ignore the "Do not power the device off" message.
- Always backup ROMs and data before trying anything.
- Always go through forums and websites to see the possibility of a brick for your particular device.
What to do if you Brick?
If your device is new, under warranty and without any warranty voiding modification, contact the manufacturer to have your device fixed or restored.
Notes for iOS devices
- First try and get the phone into the device firmware update (DFU) mode. iOS devices include the "DFU Mode" for recovering from a potentially bricked state.
- To get your device into DFU mode, is the process of getting your iOS device to link with iTunes without iTunes automatically restoring or recovering to the current version of iOS onto it. For jailbroken devices it skips the iBoot bootloader.
Steps to get your iOS device into DFU mode
- Connect your iOS to iTunes via USB.
- Switch off your iOS device. To do this press the power or sleep button at the top of your device, then slide your finger across the "slide to power off" button on your iPhone's screen.
- Once your device is switched off, hold down both the power/sleep button along with the home button for 10 seconds.
- After 10 seconds, release the power/sleep button while continuing to hold the home button until a message has appeared in iTunes telling you your device has been detected in recovery mode.
- There are some applications for Windows and Mac, that guide you step by step to get your device into DFU mode.
- After following the above step, if the device shows an itunes logo with a connector, you are in recovery mode and nor DFU mode. Repeat the steps again until you get into DFU mode.
- For getting into recovery mode you can follow the steps given in the apple support forum here.
Notes for Android device
- If the device goes into the recovery mode without loading the OS, there would've been a problem with installing the ROM previously. You can solve this by reinstalling the ROM. Always remember to Wipe Dalvik Cache, Wipe Cache Partition and Wipe Data/Factory Reset before a fresh ROM install.
- If the ROM or install is not working it might also be due to a corrupted SD card. Try reformatting the card externally using a computer to FAT32 format and copy the files into the SD card and try reinstalling from the newly formatted card again.
- To get the device into recovery mode do a Google search for your particular device, as each device has a different set of key combinations to get into recovery mode.
Myths about bricking
- An Android device stuck in a boot loop is not a bricked device, there is still hope. All you might need to do is Wipe Dalvik Cache, Wipe Cache Partition and Wipe Data/Factory Reset before a reinstalling the ROM again.
- An amateur/botchy jail-breaking procedure may not have bricked your iOS device. A DFU mode recovery might be all you need to recover your device.


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Photoshop can build a variety of basic 3D objects using 2D layers as a starting point. After creating a 3D object, you can move it in 3D space, change render settings, add lighting, or merge it with other 3D layers.
Convert 2D layers into 3D postcards (planes with 3D properties). If your starting layer is a text layer, any transparency is retained.
Wrap a 2D layer around a 3D object, such as a cone, cube, or cylinder.
Create a 3D mesh from the grayscale information in a 2D image.
Simulate a metalworking technique called repoussé by extruding a 2D object in 3D space. See Create 3D repoussé.
Build a 3D volume from a multi-frame file such as a DICOM medical imaging file. Photoshop combines the individual slices of the file into a 3D object that you can manipulate in 3D space and view from any angle. You can apply various 3D volume render effects to optimize the display of various materials in the scan, such as bone or soft tissue. See Create a 3D volume.
You can add a 3D postcard to an existing 3D scene to create a surface that displays shadows and reflections from other objects in the scene.
The 2D layer is converted to a 3D layer in the Layers panel. The 2D layer content is applied as a material to both sides of the postcard.
The original 2D layer appears in the Layers panel as the Diffuse texture map for the 3D postcard object. (See 3D panel overview.)
The 3D layer retains the dimensions of the original 2D image.
Depending on the object type you choose, the resulting 3D model can contain one or more meshes. The Spherical Panorama option maps a panoramic image inside a 3D sphere.
Choose 3D > New Shape From Layer, and select a shape from the menu. Shapes include single-mesh objects like a donut, sphere, or hat, as well as multiple mesh objects such as a cone, cube, cylinder, soda can, or wine bottle.
You can add your own custom shapes to the shape menu. Shapes are Collada (.dae) 3D model files. To add a shape, place the Collada model file in the Presets\Meshes folder inside the Photoshop program folder.
The 2D layer is converted to a 3D layer in the Layers panel.
The original 2D layer appears in the Layers panel as a Diffuse texture map. It may be used on one or more surfaces of the new 3D object. Other surfaces may be assigned a default diffuse texture map with a default color setting. See 3D panel overview.
(Optional) Use the Spherical Panorama option if you are using a panoramic image as your 2D input. This option converts a complete 360 x 180 degree spherical panorama to a 3D layer. Once converted to a 3D object, you can paint areas of the panorama that are typically difficult to reach, such as the poles or areas containing straight lines. For information on creating a 2D panorama by stitching images together, see Create 360 degree panoramas.
The New Mesh from Grayscale command converts a grayscale image into a depth map, which translates lightness values into a surface of varying depth. Lighter values create raised areas in the surface, darker values create lower areas. Photoshop then applies the depth map to one of four possible geometries to create a 3D model.
Photoshop creates a 3D layer containing the new mesh. It also creates Diffuse, Opacity, and Planar Depth Map texture maps for the 3D object, using the original grayscale or color layer.
You can reopen the Planar Depth Map as a Smart Object at any time and edit it. When you save it, the mesh is regenerated.
The Opacity texture map does not appear in the Layers panel, because that map uses the same texture file as the Diffuse map (the original 2D layer). When two texture maps reference the same file, the file appears only once in the Layers panel.
Using the Photoshop Animation timeline, you can create 3D animations that move a 3D model through space and change the way it displays over time. You can animate any of the following properties of a 3D layer:
3D object or camera position. Use the 3D position or camera tools to move the model or 3D camera over time. Photoshop can tween frames between position or camera movements to create smooth motion effects.
3D render settings. Change render modes, with the ability to tween transitions between some render modes. For example, change Vertices mode gradually to Wireframe over time, to simulate the sketching-in of a model's structure.
3D cross section. Rotate an intersecting plane to display a changing cross section over time. Change cross section settings between frames to highlight different model areas during an animation.


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Bermejo (bərmāˈhō) [key], river, c.650 mi (1,050 km) long, rising in N central Argentina, flowing SE along the border with Bolivia and through N Argentina to Pilar, Paraguay. Through much of its course, it is the border between Argentina's Formosa and Chaco provinces. Most of the river is navigable by small craft.
More on Bermejo from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Latin American and Caribbean Physical Geography


What is a satellite office?
Article by Cecilia Amador de San José, Senior Associate Editor of Allwork.Space.
With remote work on the rise, organisations are starting to think about whether or not they should set up satellite offices to better support remote workers so that they have access to the right environment and tools to be productive.
Satellite offices are a great solution not only for organisations adopting a more hybrid work model, but also for growing organisations. If your business is growing and you are hoping to enter a new market, setting up a satellite office might be the ideal solution, especially if you are opening up a business in a new area with a small team.
But first, what is a satellite office?
Satellite Office Meaning:
A satellite office (or satellite location) is a smaller office that is physically separate from a company's main office or headquarters.
Satellite offices are also known as branch offices.
Satellite offices are smaller than company headquarters and one company can have several satellite offices spread across a country or region. They also vary greatly in size; while some satellite offices may be home to only a few employees, others can be home to hundreds to thousands of employees.
It all depends on a company's needs.
Satellite Office Locations
Where can a satellite office be located?
The answer is anywhere a company needs them.
You can have a satellite office in a city center, a residential area, or the suburbs. For example, if your company headquarters are in New York City, but you have various employees that live in New Jersey that oftentimes work remotely, then you could set up a satellite office in New Jersey.
Your business could also have a satellite office in California if it does business there, or even in Europe if you're hoping to expand operations across the Atlantic.
Benefits of Satellite Offices
There are various use cases for satellite offices:
 - For remote and flexible workers that don't need to come into the main office every day.
 - For teams and staff that are setting up company operations in a new market/location.
 - For employees to use temporarily when they are working on long-term or short-term projects in a different location than where the company headquarters are located.
One of the main reasons organisations choose to set up satellite offices is to provide all employees with access to the right tools, resources, and environment for them to successfully carry out their work.
Below are some of the main benefits of satellite offices:
 - They offer flexibility to employees, clients, vendors, and business partners.
 - They provide organisations with access to new markets (local, regional, national, and global).
 - They provide employees with access to a workplace environment that is conducive to productivity.
 - They are cost-efficient.
 - They are more efficient for customer support.
 - They can help organisations with talent attraction and retention.
 - They can help with employee engagement and company culture, especially for organisations with distributed teams.
How to Manage a Satellite Office
There are two ways organisations can set up a satellite office.
The first one is to follow the same process as setting up a main office or headquarters. The company enters into a long-term lease and they are responsible for fitting out and designing the satellite office.
This also means that the organisation has to handle all office management and maintenance.
When setting up an owned satellite office location, organisations need to think about the following:
 - Satellite office location
 - Lease agreement
 - Furniture
 - Office amenities
 - Tech infrastructure
 - Utilities
 - Building/office management and maintenance.
The other option organisations have is to work with flexible workspace operators that offer hub-and-spoke services.
In this case, an organisation enters into an agreement with a flexible workspace operator that provides access to ready-to-use offices. The flexible workspace operator is in charge of maintenance and management.
The latter option tends to be popular as it makes the process of setting up a satellite office much easier and a lot quicker. The hub-and-spoke model provides organisations and its employees with immediate access to workspace that is ready to be used. It's also less capital intensive and allows for more flexibility for a couple of reasons.
The first is that by using a third-party provider, organisations don't have to sign a long-term lease. The second is that the hub-and-spoke model allows for organisations to grow or contract their satellite offices as needed.
Why Are Satellite Offices So Popular Now?
Due to the coronavirus pandemic, a lot of organisations were forced to allow employees to work remotely (specifically work from home).
While the shift to work from home initially delivered positive results, organisations and employees alike are realizing that working from a home environment is not ideal and sustainable for many in the long run:
 - Workers feel isolated
 - Company culture can suffer
 - Some workers have a hard time being productive from home
 - Some workers struggle with setting boundaries when working from home
 - Workers don't have access to all the tools and resources they might need (technology infrastructure, office supplies, printing, etc.)
However, several surveys have found that workers want to maintain some of the flexibility that they have experienced from working from home. The majority of workers, therefore, want to work remotely at least part-time; providing them with access to a satellite office that is closer to home can help organisations retain talent and ensure they are productive.
Another reason why organisations are increasingly turning to satellite offices at the moment is for safety and health purposes.
Physical distancing is still strongly encouraged, and in some countries required. Satellite offices can help organisations with their de-densificiation purposes and allow them to adhere to physical distancing protocols.
In other words, satellite offices can help organisations bring workers back into the office in a safe manner.


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Objective of ASP Project on School Registration System
The main objective of the ASP Project on School Registration System is to manage the details of Schools, Teachers, Registrations, Cources, Classes. It manages all the information about Schools, Students, Classes, Schools. The project is totally built at administrative end and thus only the administrator is guaranteed the access. The purpose of the project is to build an application program to reduce the manual work for managing the Schools, Teachers, Students, Registrations. It tracks all the details about the Registrations, Cources, Classes.
Functionalities provided by ASP Project on School Registration System are as follows:
- Provides the searching facilities based on various factors. Such as Schools, Registrations, Cources, Classes
- College Management System also sells the employees details online for students details, employees details, courses.
- It tracks all the information of Teachers, Students, Cources ect
- Manage the information of Teachers
- Shows the information and description of the Schools, Registrations
- To increase efficiency of managing the Schools, Teachers
- It deals with monitoring the information and transactions of Cources.
- Manage the information of Schools
- Editing, adding and updating of Records is improved which results in proper resource management of Schools data.
- Manage the information of Cources
- Integration of all records of Classes.
- It generates the report on Schools, Teachers, Students
- Provide filter reports on Registrations, Cources, Classes
- You can easily export PDF for the Schools, Students, Cources
- Application also provides excel export for Teachers, Registrations, Classes
- You can also export the report into csv format for Schools, Teachers, Classes
Limitation of ASP Project on School Registration System
- Excel export has not been developed for Students, Cources due to some criticality.
- The transactions are executed in off-line mode, hence on-line data for Schools, Teachers capture and modification is not possible.
- Off-line reports of Schools, Registrations, Classes cannot be generated due to batch mode execution.
Input Data and Validation of ASP Project on School Registration System
- All the fields such as Schools, Registrations, Classes are validated and does not take invalid values
- Each form for Schools, Teachers, Students can not accept blank value fields
- Avoiding errors in data
- Controlling amount of input


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Everything you need to understand or teach Yellow Woman by Leslie Marmon Silko.
The poem that prefaces "Yellow Woman" suggests that the story that follows is mythic. Whirlwind Man belongs "to the wind," and he and Kochininako, Yellow Woman, "travel swiftly / this whole world." At the story's opening, the unnamed female narrator awakens at dawn next to a man on a riverbank. She watches the sun rise, then gets up and walks south, following their footprints from the day before. She comes across their horses, and she looks for but cannot see her pueblo (a multi-storied dwelling built of adobe; capitalized, the word also means "people" in the sense of a tribal group).
She returns to the sleeping man to tell him she is leaving. He reminds her, smiling, that she must come with him. He calls her "Yellow Woman" and will not answer her questions about who he is, saying only that the night before she had guessed who he... View more of the Yellow Woman Summary


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There are Amnesty Groups and Action Circles spread out in communities across Canada. Each group in Saskatchewan is different.
Amnesty groups engage in many types of human rights campaigns and activities.
- We raise awareness about human rights issues in our communities by talking to the local media
- Lobby local politicians and government officials,
- Organize educational events with guest speakers, videos, and webcasting
- Group members write letters, hold vigils, organize demonstrations and other public events, and
- Work on specific long-standing appeal cases of individuals whose human rights are at risk.
In Saskatchewan there are Amnesty Groups in Saskatoon, Regina and Moose Jaw.
If you would like more information about starting a community group or action circle in your community email: _EMAIL_


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The properties of Red Clover
Red clover – (its Latin name means found in meadows) is a source of many valuable elements and one of the main methods used by herbalists to treat acne. Red clover is rich in daidzein, genistein and formononetin, salicylic acid, choline, methyl salicylate, calcium, potassium, zinc, phosphorus, molybdenum, vitamin B-3, C and E as well as beta-carotene. It contains isoflavones and acts as an estrogen to correct the hormonal imbalances that cause acne. Additionally, it is a strong antioxidant that cleanses the body of excess toxins. Thanks to many valuable elements contained in red clover, it helps reduce excess sebum, which is the primary cause of spots on the skin.


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SPURS-2 Controlled Flux Technique (CFT) data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The Controlled Flux Technique (CFT) is a system for measuring the net heat transfer velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation at the ocean surface, and is a useful tool for studying the turbulence generated at the ocean surface by the impact of raindrops. CFT was employed during both SPURS-2 Revelle cruises. It involves a laser heating a small patch of water on the ocean surface, and an infrared imaging camera then tracking the resulting thermal decay. This decay is known to be proportional to the dissipation of TKE at the water surface, which in turn can be used to scale the transfer velocity for the net heat flux. SPURS2 CFT data take the form of a series of.raw video files each with corresponding.met text header files containing the associated file metadata. The CFT data was recorded at 15 frames per second (fps) during the first Revelle cruise in 2016, and at 25 fps during the second in 2017. Matlab CFT reader software are provided by UW/APL and distributed here with the CFT data files.
Map of Earth


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- Solar Block/Cancellation/Nullification
The user can negate solar energy and any solar-using attacks, ignoring their effects, such as the sun's heat, the sunlight, the radiation, etc.
- Power Negation
- Solar Energy Absorption
- Solar Energy Manipulation
- Solar Manipulation
- Sun Blocking
- May not work at night.
- Does not work against those with negation immunity.
- Negating solar energy may have harmful effects on the area.
- Perfect Kars (JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part II: Battle Tendency)
- Count Heinrich von Kinkel (Tsukuyomi: Moon Phase)


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Determination of Diffusion Kinetic Parameters and Potential Barrier Height at the Grain Boundary of the Semiconducting SrTiO3 Ceramics
The chemical and electrical characteristics of the grain boundary of the polycrystalline semiconducting SrTiO3 ceramics, which were synthesized by hot-press sintering Na-coated semiconducting SrTiO3 powders, were investigated in terms of process parameters such as sintering temperature. Diffusion kinetic parameters such as diffusion coefficients and activation energy of diffusing ions at particular heat-treatment conditions were obtained by fitting experimental data with computer-simulated results as well as electrical features near the grain boundary of the ceramics.
S.-G. Kang and T. Kobayashi
M. B. Park and N. H. Cho, "Determination of Diffusion Kinetic Parameters and Potential Barrier Height at the Grain Boundary of the Semiconducting SrTiO3 Ceramics", Materials Science Forum, Vols. 449-452, pp. 733-736, 2004


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Showing 1–4 of 4 titles
This captivating tall tale brings life to an engaging, original character, whose love and concern for her neighbors fills the story with joy.
My Name is Gabito: The Life of Gabriel García Márquez/Me llamo Gabito: la vida de Gabriel García MárquezRaúl Colón's evocative, tropical illustrations pull the eye into Gabriel García Márquez's imaginative world, introducing children to the early life of this celebrated Colombian author in "My Name is Gabito.
- Nonfiction, Literature
- Pura Belpré Youth Illustrator Award 2008 (Honor Title)
- ISBN: 9780873589345
Juan Felipe Herrera celebrates the lives of 20 Hispanic people who up to now have been in the shadows to many despite their significant contributions to American society. These poignant biographical sketches succinctly present the essence of each hero's life and legacy to the future generations of their culture.
- Nonfiction, Biography
- Pura Belpré Children's Author Award 2015 (Honor Title)
- ISBN: 9781501912931


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This study aimed to examine whether principles of effective teaching constitute essential criteria for a systematic and successful analysis of lessons. After watching a video of a complete lesson, the participants (each of nine experienced and pre-service teachers) were asked to analyse this lesson in terms of effectiveness for pupils' learning in the form of an open dialogue. Their comments were analysed by means of a qualitative content analysis and revealed that the experienced teachers independently used the wide range of principles of effective teaching and differed significantly from the pre-service teachers in this regard. Particularly striking were the large differences in the activation of knowledge about these five principles: goal orientation, relating cognitive activities to prior knowledge, classroom climate/learning atmosphere, clarity, and using appropriate examples. These differences point to specific development tasks, in order to improve the analytical skills of student teachers within teacher education.
& Seifert, A.
Looking in the Heads of Experienced Teachers – Do they use the Wide Range of Principles of Effective Teaching when Analysing Lessons?.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(1).


Scientists and other people around the world are paying their respects to Trevor Weekes, a world-renowned astrophysicist, who was considered a pioneer and visionary in the field of gamma ray astronomy.
Weekes was born in Ireland, but he moved to Southern Arizona in the 1970s, where he helped to develop VERITAS - Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System - on Mount Hopkins south of Tucson.
Weekes passed away May 26 at the age of 74 after a battle with cancer.
A memorial was held in Tucson on Sunday, and was attended by people from different countries, including John Kildea, who considered Weekes a mentor and friend.
Kildea met Weekes in Arizona when Kildea came to conduct postdoctoral research a few years ago.
Originally from Ireland, Kildea now lives and works in Canada.
"He welcomed students from Ireland, from other countries into his home, he and his wife Ann, and made visiting scientists part of their family," Kildea said.


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Author(s): Tomera JF, Lilford K, Friend KD, Kukulka SP, Harakal C
Abstract Share this page
Abstract At present, the significance of calcium accumulation in the aetiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans is not known, except only to exacerbate the condition. In an attempt to understand ionic disturbances in vasculature derived from cardiovascular abnormalities, soft tissues from hypertensive models were examined. The study hypothesis was to see if basic cardiovascular regulatory sites in hypertensive models accumulated greater amounts of Ca2+. Calcium levels were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in tissue derived from two types of hypertensive rabbits. Both models of hypertension developed mean arterial pressures of at least 50 mm Hg greater than those of controls over a 5-wk period. Significant increases in calcium levels were found in left ventricle and aorta derived from both hypertensive groups compared with controls. Renal cortex and medulla were not significantly different among any of the groups. These levels corroborate the findings of others which show increased calcium levels in cardiovascular tissues in experimental hypertension in rabbits. Although there have been several studies that have shown the relationship between calcium, hypertension and CAD, this is the first study to look at calcium accumulation rather that the effects of calcium channel blockers. The link between hypertension and calcium accumulation in a number of tissues may be important in the development of CAD and other cardiac dysfunction.
This article was published in Food Chem Toxicol
and referenced in Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry


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- Main article : Zine
A zine - pronounced zeen - derived from magazine - is an independentlyor self-published booklet, often created by a single person. Zines are customarily created by physically cutting and gluing text and images together onto a master flat for photocopying, but it is also common to produce the master by typing and formatting pages on a computer. The end product is usually folded and stapled. Zines can be printed and bound in any manner. Offset printing is a relatively common alternative to photocopying, though there is some controversey among zine writers as to whether professionally printed products may be defined as zines.
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Pages in category "Zine"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 3,216 total.


subject stayed the same. Offset the translation search area when the camera position changes and the detected motion stays contiguous through the entire sequence.
2 point tracking works best if the points don't change shape between frames. It is more prone to rotation errors than single point motion tracking if the points change shape. 2 point tracking is mainly used for tracking stars.
Use the smallest search blocks possible since larger blocks are harder to compare when they're rotated.
Although stretch mode changes the number of the frame read from its input, it doesn't change the frame rate of the input. Effects before ReframeRT assume the same frame rate as ReframeRT.
Downsample mode doesn't change the length of the output sequence. It multiplies the frame rate of the output by the scale factor to arrive at a frame rate rate to read the input. This has the effect of replicating the input frames so that they only change at the scaled frame rate when sent to the output. It doesn't change the length of the sequence. If the scale factor is 0.5 and the output frame rate is 30 fps, only 15 frames will be shown per second and the input will be read at 15 fps. Downsample is only useful for scalefactors below 1, hence the name downsample.
This does exactly the same thing as ReframeRT in Stretch mode. It multiplies the output frame number by the scale factor to arrive at the input frame number and changes the length of the sequence. Unlike ReframeRT, this must run from the Video menu and render its output.
Be aware Reframe doesn't write the scaled frame rate as the frame rate of the rendered file. It produces a file of scaled length and equal frame rate as the project. The new length is 1/scale factor as big as the original sequence.
This multiplies the number of each output sample by a scale factor to arrive at the number of the input sample. The output file's sample rate is set to the project sample rate but its length is changed to reflect the scaled number of samples. It also filters the resampled audio to remove aliasing.
If the scale factor is 2, every 2 input samples will be reduced to 1 output sample and the output file will have half as many samples as the input sequence. If it's 0.5, every 0.5 input samples will be stretched to 1 output sample and the output file will have twice as many samples as the input sequence.
Media can be reversed on the timeline in realtime. This isn't to be confused with using the reverse playback on the transport. The reverse effects reverse the region covered by the effect regardless of the transport direction. Apply reverse audio to an audio track and play it backwards. The sound plays forward.
Every enabled keyframe is treated as the start of a new reversed region and the end of a previous reversed region. Several enabled keyframes in succession yield several regions reversed independant of each other. An enabled keyframe followed by a disabled keyframe yields one reversed region followed by a forward region.
Finally, be aware when reversing audio that the waveform on the timeline doesn't reflect the actual reversed output.
This is normally used on interlaced video which has been converted to fields. One set of lines becomes one frame and the other set of lines becomes the next frame. Now the frame rate is double and is showing fields of the original video sequentially. The fields may be out of order, which is what SWAP FRAMES can correct.
Threshold converts the image to pure luminance. Then luminance values below and above the threshold range are converted to black and luminance values inside the threshold range are converted to white. The threshold window shows a histogram of luminance values for the current frame. Click dragging inside the histogram creates a range to convert to white. Shift-clicking extends one border of this range. Values for the threshold range can also be specified in the text boxes.
Time average is one effect which has many uses besides creating nifty trail patterns of moving objects. It's main use is reducing noise in still images. Merely point a video camera at a stationary subject for 30 frames, capture the frames, and average them using TIME AVERAGE and you'll have a super high quality print. In floating point colormodels, time average can increase the dynamic range of lousy cameras.
Frames count: This determines the number of frames to be accumulated in the accumulation buffer. For extremely large integrations it's easier to edit the EDL in a text editor and put in the number of frames.
Accumulate sequence again: If an effect before the time average is adjusted the time average normally doesn't reread the accumulation buffer to get the change. This forces it to reread the accumulation buffer when any other effects change.
Average: This causes the accumulation buffer to be divided before being output. The result is the average of all the frames.
Accumulate: This outputs the accumulation buffer without dividing it. The result is the sum of all the frames.
Accumulate only:
In order to accumulate only the specified number of frames, the time average retains all the previous frames in memory and subtracts them out as it plays forward. Accumulate only: causes the history buffer to not be used in averaging and accumulating. Without the history buffer, frames are added endlessly without ever being subtracted. It's the same as an infinitely long accumulation buffer. The only difference is for Average mode, the output is still divided by the Frame count. Accumulate only is used where the number of frames in the accumulation would be too big to fit in memory.
Replace: This causes the accumulation buffer to be replaced by only pixels which aren't transparent. This allows black borders from motion tracking to be filled in.
Threshold: The value a pixel must be before it replaces the previous pixel. If alpha channels are enabled, the alpha is the value compared. If there is no alpha channel, the brightness is the value compared.
Border: The number of pixels on the border of the image to never replace. This hides errors in the replacement operation from the output, since errors occur at the transition between the replaced area and the ignored area.
Greater: Pixels are replaced if their value is greater than the previous pixel. Use this to create star trails in stacks of many night sky photos or paint many copies of an object from its motion if it is lighter than the background.
Less: Pixels are replaced if their value is less than the previous pixel. Use this to paint copies of an object from its motion if it is darker than the background.
18.26 TITLER
The motion type scrolls the text in any of the four directions. When using this, the text may dissappear. Move the insertion point along the timeline until the text is far enough along the animation to reappear. The text scrolls on and scrolls off.
The speed of the animation is determined by speed Set it higher to speed up the animation.
Drop shadow draws a black copy of the text to the bottom right of the original text. Useful when drawing text over changing video to keep the border always visible.
Outline draws an outline on the characters if it's greater than 0. Set the outline size by changing the number. Set the outline color with the OUTLINE COLOR button. If no outline is visible, make sure the alpha in OUTLINE COLOR is nonzero. To get pure outline characters, set COLOR alpha to 0.
OUTLINE COLOR picks the color to draw the text outline in.
Next: , Up: TITLER
The X Window system originally didn't have a suitable font renderer for video. It also is restricted to the current bit depth. It doesn't have a convenient way to know which fonts work with the suitable font renderer in the desired bit depth. The easiest way we've found to support fonts in the titler is to have a directory for them at /usr/lib/cinelerra/fonts.
The titler supports mainly TTF, true type fonts. It supports others but TTF are the most reliable. To add true type fonts, copy the.TTF files to the /usr/lib/cinelerra/fonts directory. In that directory run ttmkfdir && mv fonts.scale fonts.dir and restart Cinelerra. The new fonts should appear. The usage of ttmkfdir changes frequently so this technique might not work.
If the video is displayed on a consumer TV, the outer border is going to be cropped by 5% on each side. Moreover, text which is too close to the edge looks sloppy. Make sure when adding titles to have the title-safe titlesafe.png tool active in the compositor window. The text shouldn't cross the inner rectangle.
No-one else is going to tell you this, but to make good looking titles, ignore most of the features of the titler. The best settings are:
Don't waste the audience's time with fading & crawls. Use crawls only if there's too much text to fit on the screen. The title should be legible enough to take the least amount of time to read. You're supposed to show the story, not write it. If they wanted to read a story, they would be reading a book instead of watching video.
The video scope plots two views of the image. One view plots the intensity of each pixel against horizontal position. They call this the WAVEFORM. Another view translates hue to angle and saturation to radius for each pixel. They call this the VECTORSCOPE.
The vectorscope is actually very useful for determining if an image is saturated. When adjusting saturation, it's important to watch the vectorscope to make sure pixels don't extend past the 100 radius.
The waveform allows you to make sure image data extends from complete black to complete white while adjusting the brightness/contrast.
The plugin API in Cinelerra dates back to 1997


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Nordic walking enables heart failure patients to exercise more intensely than walking without poles.
The research was presented at the Heart Failure Congress 2012, 19-22 May, in Belgrade, Serbia. The Congress is the main annual meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.
Aerobic exercise in patients with heart failure improves quality of life and reduces heart failure related hospitalisations. However, many heart failure patients find it difficult to exercise. In Nordic walking, people use poles and their arms copy the motions of cross country skiing. It is one of the fastest developing forms of physical activity in Europe and is safe for older patients, especially those above the age of 65, making it a good possibility for patients with heart failure.
For the study (abstract P939)
12 patients with heart failure and 12 healthy adults did two submaximal six-minute walking tests on a level treadmill at a constant speed of 5km per hour. Participants did one test with Nordic walking poles and one without.
The researchers compared the cardiorespiratory responses during walking with and without poles. In the healthy group, compared to walking without poles Nordic walking increased oxygen consumption (VO2) by 4.9 ml/kg/minute (a median increase of 37%) and led to a higher respiratory quotient (median increase of 5%). Peak heart rate was 20 beats per minute higher, maximal systolic blood pressure (BP) was 15 mmHg higher, and fatigue level was increased by 2 points on the Borg Scale. All results were significant (p=0.05).
In patients with heart failure, compared to walking without poles Nordic walking increased VO2 by 2.9 ml/kg/minute (14.7%) and respiratory quotient by 18%. Peak heart rate was 15 beats per minute higher, maximal BP was 10 mmHg higher, and fatigue level was increased by 2 points. All results were significant (p=0.05).
In both the healthy group and patients with heart failure, there were no signs of cardiac ischaemia and no significant arrhythmias during the tests.
The researchers concluded that Nordic walking allows healthy people and patients with heart failure to safely increase the intensity of exercise and gain additional cardiorespiratory benefits from exercise.
"In Nordic walking we have a big workload because we use additional muscle groups," says lead author Andrzej Lejczak, a physiotherapist at the Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, and a PhD student at the University School of Physical Education in Wrocław. "We walk with four limbs, so we're exercising our arms and legs at the same time - that's why we have such a beneficial response."
He adds: "The implication is that Nordic walking is safe to include in cardiac rehabilitation programmes for patients with heart failure."
Patients simply need to purchase Nordic walking poles, which cost about €50, then take two or three one-hour lessons. After that they can exercise on their own outdoors, without needing to visit the gym.
Previous studies by Mr Lejczak have shown that Nordic walking improves quality of life, aerobic capacity and physical fitness in heart failure patients.