12 Fragment-Based Methods
12.2 Specifying Fragments in the $molecule Section
(May 16, 2021)
To request any of the methods mentioned above one must specify how system is partitioned into fragments. All atoms and all electrons in the systems should be assigned to a fragment. Each fragment must contain an integer number of electrons. In the current implementation, both open and closed-shell fragments are allowed. In order to specify fragments, the fragment descriptors must be inserted into the $molecule section of the Q-Chem input file. A fragment descriptor consists of two lines: the first line must start with two hyphens followed by optional comments, the second line must contain the charge and the multiplicity of the fragment. At least two fragments must be specified. Fragment descriptors in the $molecule section does not affect jobs that are not designed to use fragmentation.
Example 12.1 Fragment descriptors in the $molecule section.
 0 1
-- water molecule - proton donor
 0 1
 H2 O1 0.96
 H3 O1 0.96 H2 105.4
-- water molecule - proton acceptor
 0 1
 O4 O1 ROO H2 105.4 H3 0.0
 X5 O4 2.00 O1 120.0 H2 180.0
 H6 O4 0.96 X5 55.6 O1 90.0
 H7 O4 0.96 X5 55.6 01 -90.0
 ROO = 2.4
Open shell systems must have a number of alpha electrons greater than the number of beta electrons. However, individual fragments in the system can be made to contain excess beta electrons by specifying a negative multiplicity. For instance, a multiplicity of -2 indicates one excess beta electron, as in the second fragment of the following example.
Example 12.2 Open shell fragment descriptors in the $molecule section. The second fragment is made with a negative multiplicity, so that overall the number of alpha and beta electrons match, yielding an approximate singlet state.
 0 1
-- An alpha spin H atom
 0 2
-- A beta spin H atom
 0 -2
 H2 H1 1.50


text:
Tags: books, history, language, memes, old-dead-white-guys, words.
While reading about the recording of the lives of the saints, I can across this amazing paragraph:
Sometimes too the author embellished the story. St. Denis is the patron saint of France. He is supposed to have been the first bishop of Paris and to have suffered martyrdom through being beheaded. According to legend, he immediately stood up and walked a good distance, carrying his head in his hands, to the place where the church which bears his name is now situated, a little to the north of Paris. This was miraculous enough, you would have thought, but there are ways to improve on it. In later lives there are saints who do exactly the same thing, but walk even further or are accompanied by other beheaded martyrs also carrying their own heads. In fact this motif became so common that the experts have invented a special name for this kind of saint: cephalophores. This is from Greek, and of course means "headbearers."
—Janson's Natural History of Latin
You might like these textually similar articles:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What is your school district doing to celebrate Digital Learning Day on February 6?
The National School Boards Association (NSBA) is a core partner in the event, which is designed to help showcase learning through technology, including successful instructional practices and effective use of technology in classrooms across the country.
"Digital Learning Day is an excellent opportunity for educators to organize student demonstrations for school board members and other community leaders so they can see how technology is used to support learning," said NSBA's Director of Educational Technology Ann Flynn. "Many of today's 21st century classrooms are filled with digital tools that can engage and excite students, but may seem foreign to graduates of another era," she added.
Even though the event is geared toward teachers and classroom instruction, there are several ways school board members can take advantage of the time to highlight their schools' programs, Flynn said.
For instance, consider an open house invitation for the community and government leaders to see how digital tools are transforming education in classrooms firsthand. Or, have teachers and students give demonstrations of their projects at a school board meeting. Last year, several school boards across the country marked the day by hosting student presentations at their board meetings.
A school board also could issue its own proclamation in celebration of Digital Learning Day, Flynn added, to call attention to the important role these resources play in preparing students for the future and educate the community to build support for the district's future technology initiatives.
Digital Learning Day, now in its second year, is a project of the Digital Learning Policy Center, a division of the Alliance for Excellent Education, which promotes the effective applications of technology in schools.
Also be sure to check out Flynn's recent appearance on Comcast Newsmakers, where she discusses the potential of educational technology and student learning.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


See the whole table
Select some columns
Filtering rows
Text patterns
14. Use text
To be or NULL to be
A little bit of mathematics
Let's practice
Until now, we only worked with numbers in our WHERE clauses. Is it possible to use letters instead? Of course it is! Just remember to put your text in single quotes like this: 'example'.
If you wanted to know the age of all Smiths in your table, you could use the following code:
FROM user
WHERE name = 'Smith';
Note that the case of the letters matters, i.e. 'Smith' is different than 'SMITH'.
Select all columns of all Ford cars from the table.
Stuck? Here's a hint!
 * FROM car
WHERE brand = 'Ford';


How to schedule sleep computers Win 10, 7
There are many great tips, useful for user computers and how to schedule sleep for your computer is also one of the tips would recommend to you. There are many ways to schedule your computer to sleep and if you are looking for one of them, the following guide will be for you. always wants readers to update more interesting and useful tips when using a computer. We always start from the simplest ones and with a computer sleep timer will be a tip that we can easily get used to as well as easily do it after just a few taps. Specifically how to schedule the computer sleep, let's do it with below.
Sleep timer computer
How to schedule computer sleep
Step 1: To be able to schedule the computer to sleep easily here uses a small software called Sleep Timer, download Sleep TimerGo to your computer here first.
Step 2: Sleep Timer tool allows us to sleep the computer and its usage is simple, download and open Sleep Timer directly without having to install. And when opened, this is the interface of Sleep Timer and we can get acquainted and use immediately.
how to sleep a computer 2
Step 3: First, let's pay attention to the three modes of Sleep Timer: Countdown, Inactivity and Time.
how to sleep a computer 3
Countdown: Time will count down when Sleep Timer is activated.
Inactivity: Time is not active until after the Sleep Timer is activated.
Time: Select a fixed time of the day after activating the Sleep Timer.
And by our side is the action taken after satisfying the Mode condition including Hybernate (almost like sleep), Restart and Shutdown.
Hybernate: Hibernation is similar to Sleep, if you do not have Sleep, choose Hybernate.
Restart: Computer restart mode.
Shutdown: Computer off mode.
how to sleep a computer 4
Step 4: To schedule the computer to sleep we need to select Mode Time and Action is Hybernate and click Start to start.
Note: If you want to stop the Sleep Timer, press STOP and turn it off, then press the X button, if you press the shutdown button your computer will shut down immediately.
how to sleep a computer 5
In addition to how to schedule computer sleep with the Sleep Timer, we can apply a fairly good way again or again available on the computer that is using the tools available in the computer by clicking Start, type Sleep Settings and access the link. display results.
how to sleep a computer 6
In the Power & sleep section, we only need to choose the time the computer sleeps after not using the computer for how long, this way is quite similar to the Inactivity mode of the Sleep Timer.
how to sleep a computer 7
The above are basic tips on computers that help users quickly schedule a computer sleep. Perhaps this is still not the most perfect way and will continue researching and sending readers the fastest.
If you're researching a sleep timer, what about the shutdown timer, do you know about this problem. If not, try to find out because the way to shutdown the computer is so much easier and often used.
You are tired of each time you turn off your computer to wait too long, right, so how to turn off the computer quickly with commands or software. This issue has researched and if interested readers can refer to the turn off the computer quickly here.
Add a Comment


text:
In How fast is bit packing?, we saw how to store non-negative integers smaller than 2N using N bits per integer by a technique called bit packing. A careful C++ bit packing implementation is fast: e.g., over 1 billion integers per second.
However, before you pack the integers, you might need to scan them to determine the number of bits needed (N). Unfortunately, it is a relatively expensive process.
Given a positive integer x, we seek the smallest integer N such that the integer x is less than 2N. The value N is often called the integer logarithm of x.
There are several clever techniques to compute the integer logarithm using portable C code. Yet you can do better using processor-specific instructions. The GNU GCC compiler makes this easy with a special function that counts the number of leading zeros for 32-bit integers (__builtin_clz). Even so, it is relatively slow.
Thankfully, you can avoid computing the integer logarithm of each integer by a simple test involving a right shift:
b = integer_logarithm(x);
With proper loop unrolling, this is nearly as fast as bit packing.
Update: Preston Bannister correctly points out that you can do much better. Simply compute the logical or between all integers and then compute the integer logarithm of the result. It is much, much faster.
To experiment with this problem, I wrote a small program which finds the maximum integer logarithm of a large array of random integers. It then packs the integers using this logarithm.
- I find that I can pack between 1 billion and 2 billions integers per second.
- I compute the maximum integer logarithm at a rate of 3 billion integers per second.
When plotting the speeds as functions of the actual maximum integer logarithm, we see that the computation of the logarithm is not sensitive to the value of the actual logarithm, except for the approach based on the __builtin_clz function which is slower when the logarithm is less than 8.
In my tests, I used the GNU GCC 4.6.2 compiler on an Intel core i7 processor. My code is freely available.
Conclusion When packing an array of integers, finding the maximum logarithm can take anywhere from 1/4 to 1/3 of the running time. However, brute force techniques that compute the integer logarithm of every integer are much slower.


text:
We just published a Temkin Group report, Behavioral Guide to Customer Experience Design. Here's the executive summary:
According to recent scientific research, customers make most of their decisions using intuitive thinking instead of rational thinking. Intuitive thinking relies on unconscious heuristics and biases to make decisions efficiently, and as a result, people tend to be more affected by losses than by gains, to prefer simplicity over complexity, to be affected by their current emotional and visceral states, to be heavily influenced by those around them, to make decisions based on context, and to misjudge their past and future experiences. In this report, we identify best practices for tapping into these heuristics and biases across three areas of experience design; companies can Nudge customers in the right direction, Assist them in accomplishing their goals, and Enhance their overall experience. To incorporate intuitive thinking into experience design, companies need to follow four steps: define target customers, identify relevant heuristics and biases, select design strategies, and then test, test, test.
Here are tactics for applying these human biases in your experience design efforts that we describe in the report:
The bottom line: Embrace your customers' natural behaviors.


text:
The Hardin Cemetery Disaster
Hardin, Missouri in Ray County, Missouri
In 1993, a record breaking flood occurred along the Missouri and Mississippi River that resulted in the destruction of a community cemetery that was on a scale never before experienced. Before the flooding, the cemetery contained a total of 1576 burials. Of these, 793 graves were washed out by the flood waters. For some weeks afterward, remains from the cemetery were recovered and in many cases were at quite a long distance from the cemetery. Eventually, 645 remains were recovered which means that an additional 148 remains were never located. Of the recovered remains, only 120 were able to be identified. Those remains that were recovered but could not be identified were later buried together in a mass grave at the cemetery marked by a large memorial.
Today, the cemetery still shows the incredible damage done by the flooding. The cemetery now is basically in three sections: Portions of the original cemetery are present on the east and west sides of the large middle portion that was cut away by the flooding. The west section contains two memorials to commemorate the disaster. To the east is a smaller section that was also part of the original cemetery and also includes a section of numerous tombstone placed close together. These are tombstones that were recovered from the destroyed portion of the cemetery but could not be matched with any of the recovered remains. Despite the years that have passed, to view the damage that was done is still a sobering sight. Even now, it is difficult to image the heartache the families have had to deal with.
The Hardin Cemetery is located just east of Hardin, Missouri on the south side of Highway 10. Hardin is in Ray County, Missouri and is about ten miles east of Richmond, Missouri on Highway 10. At Richmond traveling west, Highway 10 becomes Highway 210.
This large memorial is located on the west side of the cemetery. The text reads as follows:
"On July 12, 1993, floodwaters
from the Missouri River gained entrance to the cemetery. As the water rose, the
A second memorial records the names of those displaced by the flooding and reads as follows:
This is a view of the cemetery from the east side looking to the west. At the the far side are tombstones on the west side of the cemetery. The center portion where water can be seen is the washed away portion of the cemetery. The cut away area is rather deep and is normally filled with rainwater creating a lake in the center of the cemetery.
This view is of the washed away area of the cemetery and looking to the east. This gives some idea of the depth of the area removed by the flood waters. This was the the middle area of the cemetery and is where all of the graves were removed by the destructive action of the flood.
This is the area of relocated tombstones that were recovered but could not be matched with any of the recovered remains. This view is from the east side of the cemetery looking to the west with the lake area located between.
All photos and text are copyright 2011-2013 by Hearthstone Legacy Publications.
Also available: Ray County, Missouri History, Genealogy and Maps
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This must be a naive question, but I'm wondering about the definition of the quasi-unipotent monodromy for general (not only 1-parameter families). The problem is that usually in the books of algebraic geometry quasi-unipotent monodromy is only discussed over a disc $\Delta ^{*}$ i.e. for a 1-parameter family. In this case we know that for a fibration $f: X \rightarrow \Delta$, with monodromy representation $\rho : \pi_{1}(\Delta^{*}) \rightarrow Aut(H^{i}(X_{0}))$, the image $\rho (T)$ of a generator $T$ of $\pi_{1}(\Delta^{*})$ is a quasi-unipotent matrix. What is the correct generalization of this to arbitrary families? For example, in multi-parameter case, it could happen that there are several generators $T_{i}$ such that each $\rho(T_{i})$ is a quasi-unipotent matrix but for example $\rho(T_{1})\rho(T_{2})$ is not quasi-unipotent. So is the possible generalization is that all of the matrices in the monodromy group (image of the monodromy representation) should be quasi-unipotent or it suffices only that the image of the generators to be quas-unipotent?
share|improve this question
In higher dimensions, I think quasi-unipotent monodromy only makes sense in the case of normal crossings boundary. In this case the local fundamental group is abelian, hence if each the image of each generator is quasi-unipotent, so is the image of any other element. – ulrich Jul 21 '12 at 12:58
You mean if the discriminant is not NC, the notion of quasi-unipotency is not defined? Is there a reference which discusses the quasi-unupotency in details? anyway thank you very much for your anser. – Jack Jul 21 '12 at 14:32
You should check out the answer to this: mathoverflow.net/questions/1912/… – Igor Rivin Jul 21 '12 at 17:55
1 Answer 1
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Quasi-unipotency is a well defined notion at any point of the discriminant. If we have a proper family $f : X \to S$ of varieties with a smooth total space and a smooth base, and if $p \in D \subset S$ is a point of the discriminant, then we say that the local monodromy of the family near $p$ is quasi-unipotent if we can find a small analytic neighborhood $p \in U \subset S$ of $p$ in $S$, so that if $o \in U - D$ is a base point, then the monodromy representation $mon : \pi_{1}(U-D,o) \to GL(H^{i}(X_{o},\mathbb{C})$ has an image whose Zariski closure $G$ is a quasi-unipotent linear algebraic group (that is, the quotient of $G$ by its unipotent radical is a finite-group).
In general it is rare for the local monodromy to be quasi-unipotent. If $p$ happens to be a very singular point of the discriminant, then the local monodromy tends to be big and is often as big as it can be, and not quasi-unipotent at all. However, if $p$ is at worst a normal crossing singularity of $D$, then the local monodromy is quasi-unipotent.
share|improve this answer
Thank you very much for your beautiful answer. I had never known of this general definition of quasi-unipotency. I have some more questions: First of all what is the best reference which discusses this definition and it's consequences. Secondly, if this is the definition of "quasi-unipotency", then what would be the definition of "unipotency" in general? – Jack Jul 22 '12 at 6:46
Ah, I noticed I missed an adjective in the comment - I was defining what it means for $G$ to be quasi-unipotent. I edited the answer to reflect this correctly. The unipotency of $mon$ is defined in a similar manner - we say that $mon$ is unpotent, when $G$ is a connected unipotent algebraic group, i.e. when when it coincides with its unipotent radical. The references are numerous and the applications are usually Hodge theoretic. The quasi-unipotency of a local systen can is also very useful when we compute cohomology. – Tony Pantev Jul 23 '12 at 3:00
Two classical references are the paper "Periods of integrals on algebraic manifolds III", Publ. Math. IHES 38 (1970) by Griffiths and the paper "Variation of Hodge structure: the singularities of the period mapping" Invent. math. 22 (1973) by Schmid. They in particular explain Borel's proof of the quasi-unipotency theorem that I mentioned above. There are many other modern references. For instance, you may want to take a look at the excellent book "Period mappings and period domains" by Carlson, Mueller-Stach, and Peters. – Tony Pantev Jul 23 '12 at 3:07
Your Answer


text:
How Much Philosophy Does Measurement of Well-Being Really Need?
Anna Alexandrova (Cambridge University)
CHESS Seminar in Science and Values
May 27, 5-6:30PM
Seminar Room, IAS, Palace Green.
Abstract: If all theories of measurement agree on a single requirement it is that a measure of a phenomenon should be informed by our best theory of this phenomenon. But what is the relevant theory when the phenomenon in question is well-being, or indeed any other picked out by a thick concept? On the current practice in the social and medical sciences, measures of well-being are validated by checking the psychometric properties of questionnaires. Though ostensibly this process validates these questionnaires against a full range of background knowledge about well-being, it is in an important way theory avoidant. This is because psychometrics can ignore or even override any normative considerations we might hold about well-being and the related concepts such as happiness and quality of life. To anyone who takes well-being to be a thick concept this status quo looks wrong. Yet bringing in constraints on measures of well-being from philosophy raises worries: who are philosophers to tell people what their well-being is, and to tell scientists how to measure it? In this talk I first present an interpretation of the current validation procedures and, second, reflect on how to strike the right balance between, on the one hand, acting like a philosopher-queen and, on the other, treating the scientific process uncritically.


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Does anyone care what happens to women prisoners in jails?
Locked up behind iron bars, stuffed into the darkest corners of prison complexes, women prisoners in India face discrimination every day. From something as simple as recreation to something as complex as harassment and assault, many women prisoners live a life that is oppressive in most Indian jails.
Does anyone care what happens to women prisoners at jails?
The death of an inmate in Mumbai's Byculla prison raises many questions on whether anyone really cares what happens to women prisoners within the walls of Indian prisons. As in the case of Manjula Shetye, what if the jail staff are the perpetrators? Who do the women go to? We tried to find out.
"Any concerns that the women prisoners have should immediately be conveyed to warders. They are constable-like hail staff. Next level of escalation in head warder. If issues are not resolved then jailers and assistant superintendents may be approached. Senior jail officials go on routine visits. I make it a point to interact with the inmates to understand their concern and they can voice it out," said Roopa D, DIG, Prisons, Karnataka.
The senior IPS officer also added that social workers, NGO staff and members of missionaries and institutions like the Art of Living also visit jails. "We get information from social workers who visit jail as well," she said.
What if protectors are predators?
The protocol demands that prisoners raise any concern with jail authorities or inform senior police officers when they visit for inspection. But is it too little too late? Especially like in the case of Manjula Shetye where the perpetrators were none other than jail staff? There are no complaint boxes that allow women prisoners to fearlessly voice out their concerns.
"Women prisoners are not safe from harassment or assault in jails, be it physical or sexual. Where will they go? Some of the inmates are hand in glove with the prison authorities and allow exploitation. If anyone speaks up, they are threatened with consequences. They are denied food, clothes. We have heard from inmates stories of how they are stripped naked and are paraded, simply because other inmates want to have'some fun'," said a woman activist attached with an NGO that visits the prisoners. She requested for her identity to be protected to ensure that the NGO does not face problems visiting prisons.
Their living conditions
The rules are well defined, unfortunately, they are in the books. "Incidentally, even in prisons, the first priority is given to male prisoners. Women have a smaller place, perhaps because they are also small in number but the place accorded to them is generally in one corner of the prison complex. Naturally, it is darker and there are lesser air and sunlight. Women prisoners run a higher risk of health problems," said IPS officer, Roopa D, DIG, Prisons, Karnataka.
She also highlighted how undertrial inmates in male prisons are allowed to play cricket every evening but women have little or no recreational facility. "Women prisoners play no cricket or volleyball. Most times there is no space to engage in physical activity. Some prisons do not have simple board games like Ludo and Snake and Ladder. Some prisons give women chess and carrom but these are skill games and not everyone can play," she added.
With practically nothing to keep their minds preoccupied with, the women, most who are victims of harassment themselves, are allowed to get further depressed.
Health is a concern too
Prevalence of HIV among some women prisoners and lack of medicines in prison hospitals is also a concern. While prisons doctors are appointed on a permanent basis and are expected to be on call like in any other hospital, the reality is different. In most prison hospitals, at least 3 or 4 doctors are appointed on a permanent basis. However, may prisoners have complained about how they work in shifts and abuse the system.
"Medicines are not available at times in the prison hospital. They are supposed to maintain a stock at any given point in time but much like any government office, loopholes exist," said a prison official.
Correctional attitude is missing
Yoga, reading, handloom weaving, basket weaving gardening, baking, ornament making, tailoring and beautician courses are prescribed for women inmates in jails across the country. However, most jails lack facilities to train these women in basket and handloom weaving. The tailoring and beautician courses serve no purpose since there are no clients who avail their services. While most prisons have no space for gardening, the library is underutilised since most convicts either have no habit or reading or the educational qualification is a limitation.
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Difference between revisions of "How to move ZCS to another server"
(On the new server)
(Additional Content)
Line 75: Line 75:
==Additional Content==
==Additional Content==
There are different methods of moving zcs to another server. Some of them include:
* _URL_
* _URL_
{{Article Footer|Zimbra Collaboration 8.6, 8.5, 8.0| 28/09/2016}}
Revision as of 10:42, 28 September 2016
How to move ZCS to another server
 KB 23043 Last updated on 2016-09-28
(0 votes)
In this article, we will explain how to move/migrate a zimbra server to another machine.
Both the source and destination zimbra servers must be running the same version. E.g. if source is running 8.6, the installed zimbra on the destination must be also 8.6.
In a nutshell, the solution is: stop zimbra on the source server, make a backup of /opt/zimbra, install new server, stop the old server, set up the new server's networking and hosts config, install software zcs to the new machine, substitute the /opt/zimbra on the new machine with the already made backup from the old machine, fix permissions, run a normal zcs install.
Below are the exact steps that needs to be taken, to complete the migration:
On the old server:
1. # su - zimbra
2. $ zmcontrol stop
3. $ exit
4. Make sure all zimbra services are stopped:
ps aux | grep zimbra
5. Now, you can copy the /opt/zimbra directory to another backup location, and from there to copy it to the destination server later, or you could mount external disc and copy it there, or simply copy it to the destination server (if already installed with the correct OS).
As root user, copy it to the remote machine (rsync can take a while, so before you put any deadline on a project, make sure you first rsync all data beforehand):
rsync -e ssh -axvzKHS /opt/zimbra/
that command will copy /opt/zimbra directory to a remote machine with IP, in the /tmp directory (using ssh). Or, you can copy it to a local mounted disk:
rsync -axvzKHS /opt/zimbra /mnt/zimbra_backup
6. Install a new server, with supported Operating System for the zcs version. The bit level (32-bit vs. 64-bit) or the Operating System build (RHEL 5, RHEL 6, Ubuntu 12, etc.) may be different than the source server.
7. Turn off the old ZCS Server
shutdown -h now
On the new server
1. Set up the new ZCS Server:
 - change the hostname as the old server
 - change the network settings as the old server
 - double check all other network settings work too (e.g. DNS), firewall, SELinux is stopped.
2. Download a version of ZCS on the new server. (The zcs version must be the same as the one on the source server).
3. As root, run the installer with the -s option:
./install.sh -s
That will only install the software packages.
4. When the install.sh -s completes, you can delete the /opt/zimbra directory.
rm -rf /opt/zimbra
5. Now, copy the /opt/zimbra directory backup we made in step 5, to the new server in /opt directory, so that the structure is the same
If you have copied it to a different server, just rsync it to the new server. If you used external disk, mount it and as root rsync your backup to the new location:
6. After to copy has finished, as root run:
/opt/zimbra/libexec/zmfixperms -e -v
7. As root rerun the installer without the -s option:
The installer will detect ZCS already installed, and will ask if you want to upgrade. Select Yes.
Additional Content
Verified Against: Zimbra Collaboration 8.6, 8.5, 8.0 Date Created: 28/09/2016
Article ID: _URL_ Date Modified: 2016-09-28
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The Birthmark
The Birthmark
by Nathaniel Hawthorne
Man and the Natural World Theme
"The Birthmark" is interested in Nature as the personified creator of all things. It tells the story of a man who challenges Nature in trying to become a creator of sorts himself, in trying to "repair" a "flaw" that Nature has left on another human being. One of the many morals of the story is that Nature, like a "jealous patentee," carefully guards her secrets and can't be beaten or even matched by man. Part of the problem with the unbounded scientific urge, Hawthorne argues, is that it ignores the natural boundaries Nature sets for man's accomplishments.
Questions About Man and the Natural World
 1. Why is the word "Nature" capitalized throughout "The Birthmark"?
 2. When she's waiting for her husband to prepare the elixir for her to drink, Georgiana feels "a sensation in the fatal birthmark, not painful, but which induce[s] a restlessness throughout her system" (57). What do you think is going on here? What would possible make Georgiana feel this way, and what does it mean in the context of Hawthorne's heavy symbolism?
 3. Why is the birthmark red?
 4. Sure, she dies right afterwards, but the fact remains that Aylmer does indeed succeed in removing the birthmark from Georgiana's cheek. What does this say about man's ability to conquer nature?
Chew on This
Aylmer only wants to remove the birthmark from Georgiana's cheek for the scientific thrill. It's about his own ego, not about her.
Through his physical descriptions of setting, Hawthorne suggests that much of science is deceptive to its spectators.
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text:
Debt of Gratitude: A Filipino Social Phenomenon
"Scratch my back and I will scratch yours." - This describes the prevailing Filipino social phenomenon of debt of gratitude. It is an attempt of one to repay the other, who in the past had done something good or beneficial to him or her. This has been magnified by other social phenomena such as the continued emigration of Filipino workers outside the Philippines, such that remittances are actually in the form of payment to their families, as an expression of long-lasting debt of gratitude. This is just an example of how this phenomenon has shaped the Filipino society and culture.
In this blogpost, an in-depth analysis will be made to showcase the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomena, as various concepts and ideas revolving around it are enumerated throughout the discussion.
1. It exists in any type of relationship; familial, working, spiritual and others.
Because of man's social nature, there will be periods of self-sufficiency and vulnerability. During time of vulnerability, one needs help of others to pursue one's desire. It is therefore easy to ask for help, rather than attempt to do it alone. The Church could help in a way through advices, and through its teachings. The family ofcourse is an important social aspect that supports an individual unconditionally. Furthermore, work superiors and colleagues have contributed for one's survival. All of these relationships are source of debt of gratitude. As long as there is something good to one, a mere "thank you" is not enough since the person owes debt in gratitude to others from that time on.
2. It is an implied contract between at least two entities.
Debt of gratitude is about reciprocity. There is an exchange of benefits, regardless of what form it is. The magnitude of benefits varies from a little gift to an eternal familial loyality to an institution or a person. The challenge with this benefits is that it is non-consummable. It is therefore not sufficient to repay one or twice or thrice, for goodness is unquantifiable. The goodness will never be repaid, and the obligation exists as long as there is someone who remembers it. It is type of unwritten contract without expiry, validity and concreteness.
3. It is a result of colonialism.
Unfortunately, debt of gratitude stems from the Philippines' colonial past. Filipinos were made to believe that they are still unprepared for self-rule. It is therefore required for the colony to seek protection from external invasion, given that the colony is militarily and economically weak and small to defend itself. However, it is safe to say that colonialism is created European concept. The British, Spaniards, French, German, Dutch, Italians and other major European "superpowers" raced to conquer the world. They self-proclaimed dominion over land masses, disrespecting aborigines and traditions of the lands they dominated. Therefore, European colonizers are also responsible for this Filipino social phenomenon. They made their subjects believe that they are not independent amd capable, and the only way to exist is to be slaves, servants and parasites to their colonizing nation.
4. It is encouraged by religious teachings through stewardship.
To be generous and of service of others is the primary teaching of the Church. It is stated in passages of holy scriptures. However, the interpretations have gone to way varied. To be subservient is quite different from offering service to others. Offering service is quite limited to time, place and situation. On the other hand, to be subservient is limitless and self-sacrificial. These acts has been enshrouded in the rationale of stewardship, such that everyone encouraged to take care of each other, thereby making it obligatory to help others and expect others to do the same. There is no end for this exchange, and this is where others abuse and have been abused. There is therefore a need to delineate, what is enough and what is too much, an act itself contrary and in dilemma against Church teachings.
5. It is a means to address competition.
To answer why there is a need for debt of gratitude. It is actually reciprocal means to survive a highly-competitive social environment. Resources are scarce, such that building alliances and support groups is a must, rather optional. One could compare debt of gratitude as a currency in a hunting society, hungry and always in need of food and resources. This is quite similar living in a country of over 100 million people. There is always a constant struggle to outwit and outdo others. That is the ultimate problem, which in part or wholly resolved through debt of gratitude.
6. It fuels corruption and nepotism.
Benefits is the focus of debt of gratitude. In the Philippine society, there exists three types of benefits, legal, illegal and everything in between. Because there exists a very large gray zone in the social structure, people are given the leeway to decide on their own to interpret what is right and wrong. Here is where debt of gratitude interplays, the same leeway and decision power is utilized to yield something good, as a payment for debt of gratitude. Instead of selecting the best applicants for the government positions, the deciding power will give it to a close relative or recommended applicants of a person the individual owes debt of gratitude. In this way, corruption and nepotism magnifies and trickles in all sectors of the society.
7. It breeds conflicts and dilemmas.
To remain loyal to person one owes debt of gratitude or to follow the truth and justice is something usual dilemma created by debt of gratitude. Wrongdoings are tolerated to accomodate someone to do good. Moreover, people are forced to be in conflict with others by showing loyalty to a person. There is no value in objectivity and self-judgment in debt of gratitude. What is important is to repay someone for an act, which is in the first place, not repayable and subjective.
8. It usually involves money and authority.
Money and authority are two most powerful encouraging factors in debt of gratitude. For money to grow, a person needs someone to work and help him or her for it. Through debt of gratitude, it convenient and easy to fulfill this task. In the same way, to go up the ladder of social class, one requires the helping hand of another, who is superior in money and power. Money and power have become exchange vehicles in paying debt of gratitude. The problem occurs when power and interests overlaps with one and another, creating a bigger power struggle among power-thirsty entities.
9. It is Filipino's way of fulfilling social ethical obligations.
No one is an island. We are all made to believe on this. There is no one who will expess dissent on this principle. That is just a way of life. This is true for Filipinos as well. Naturally helpful to others, Filipinos will wholeheartedly share time, resources and money to be of help of others. This is the main advantage of debt of gratitude, knowing there are still people who care. The non-existence of debt of gratitude means the non-existence of care itself, and perhaps love. However, justifying mainly the incorrectness of debt of gratitude is in itself not sufficient if it is only based on love and care. There must limitations to using these reasons so as to avoid abuse and perpetual exploitation.
10. It is a form of perpetual modern-day slavery and indebtness.
Since the nature of goodness is unrepayable, one who owes debt of gratitude will never be capable of giving back to the person, who did good to him. The more significant the benefit one has received, the more timeless debt of gratitude become. Worse, family members are made to honor this debt even after the death of the primary person in debt. The person who gave the benefit will never be satisfied, with any kind of service or act. Debt of gratitude becomes eternal and irrevocable. The person who received the benefit will work harder and harder for a debt, in reality, he or she is not capable of paying, resulting to dependent relationship nearing to the concept of slavery.
I have to admit that during I wrote this blogpost, I was influenced by a personal experience related to debt of gratitude. I am honestly irritated by the situation, so it would seem that I am quite biased and negative in my perspective on this Filipino social phenomena. I made an attempt to balance how I wrote the article, at least. It is therefore upon the reader's judgment. However, I think a pessimistic point-of-view is needed to balance the discussion. Debt of gratitude has long been tolerated by the Filipino society. Its incorrectness has been continuously ignored and unchallenged, and sometimes hailed by the government as a form of sacrifice and heroism. Objectively, every Filipino deserves to determine what he or she wants without being influenced by social phenomena thay hinders his or her utmost potential, freedom and happiness.


4 Signs You Need a New Dryer Blower Wheel
A white drying machine.
 - 1 hours
 - Intermediate
 - 45
What You'll Need
Blower Fan
The blower fan is a vital component in your clothes dryer. In a gas dryer, this component consists of a drum-shaped fan that is connected to the motor by an axle. In an electric dryer, it is usually a plastic wheel that draws air over the heating element into the dryer drum. The wheel works in synchrony with the motor and creates a powerful air current. It draws air from outside the machine and circulates the air inside the drum to dry clothes. It then expels the air outside the machine through an exhaust vent. Whether yours is a gas or electric dryer, a bad blower wheel needs to be replaced. Below are 4 signs that indicate it's time to replace this component.
1. High Pitched Noise
You may hear a loud squealing or high-pitched noise from your dryer when you run it. In most cases, this can be traced to a faulty blower wheel. The blades of the wheel may become bent with time. They could also develop cracks or wear out at certain points. A faulty wheel strains as it spins which can cause high pitched noises to emanate from your dryer.
2. Loud Vibrations
A laundry room with a dryer.
Your dryer may vibrate loudly soon after the drum begins to move or right after it stops moving. It may even sound like there's a pair of shoes inside the dryer. Sometimes the machine may also rumble when in operation. A likely cause of this noise is a worn out or damaged blower wheel. A damaged wheel spins out of sync with the motor. This may cause the dryer to rumble as it runs. However, sometimes the wheel may just be clogged with lint which can also cause noise when you run the dryer. Remove all dirt from the wheel and test it to see if the dryer is still noisy. If the noise persists, you'll have to replace the wheel.
3. Dryer Doesn't Dry Clothes Properly
An open dryer door.
Perhaps your dryer fails to dry clothes completely. You may feel some wet or damp areas when you remove your clothes from the dryer. This is usually traced to a damaged blower wheel. If the wheel is damaged or worn out, it is likely to create poor airflow within the dryer drum. The wheel will be unable to efficiently expel air and moisture from within the drum into the exhaust vent. This means that even when you set the dryer to run for a full cycle, your clothes will not dry completely. This calls for a wheel replacement.
4. Several Cycles Necessary to Dry a Load
This may be caused by poor or slow airflow through the dryer. Poor airflow is usually caused by a worn-out wheel. Most blower wheels have a D-shaped hole in the center. With time, this hole gets stripped out. This loosens the tension of the wheel as it spins on its axle. The wheel spins out of sync with the motor which causes poor airflow through the dryer. Poor airflow lowers the efficiency of the dryer.
If any of these issues are happening with your dryer, it may be time for a new blower wheel.


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From Sioux Falls to Rapid City, fire weather meteorologists are watching conditions closely. And until we receive widespread, heavy moisture they'll be monitoring what is known as the Keetch-Byram Drought Index or KBDI.
It measures the amount of precipitation needed to return the soil to full saturation. It uses a system rating of zero to 800, which represents the moisture amount of zero to eight inches of water. It's what is needed to reduce the drought index to zero, which is saturation.
Much of KELOLAND is at 500 or above. The KBDI of 400 to 600 is typical of late summer and early fall.
When it gets to 600 and above, that's when intense, deep burning fires can be expected with an emphasis on downwind new fires occuring.
The highest spots are in south central, north central and northeast South Dakota. Just this week, the area near Lake Andes is also considered at 800.
It's an important number to know this time of year, whether you're harvesting or off road for hunting.
© 2012 KELOLAND TV. All Rights Reserved.


Surfaceome profiling enables isolation of cancer-specific exosomal cargo in liquid biopsies from pancreatic cancer patients.
Detection of circulating tumor DNA can be limited due to their relative scarcity in circulation, particularly while patients are actively undergoing therapy. Exosomes provide a vehicle through which cancer-specific material can be enriched from the compendium of circulating non-neoplastic tissue-derived nucleic acids. We carried out a comprehensive profiling of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exosomal'surfaceome' in order to identify surface proteins that will render liquid biopsies amenable to cancer-derived exosome enrichment for downstream molecular profiling.
Surface exosomal proteins were profiled in 13 human PDAC and 2 non-neoplastic cell lines by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 173 prospectively collected blood samples from 103 PDAC patients underwent exosome isolation. Droplet digital PCR was used on 74 patients (136 total exosome samples) to determine baseline KRAS mutation call rates while patients were on therapy. PDAC-specific exosome capture was then carried out on additional 29 patients (37 samples) using an antibody cocktail directed against selected proteins, followed by droplet digital PCR analysis. Exosomal DNA in a PDAC patient resistant to therapy were profiled using a molecular barcoded, targeted sequencing panel to determine the utility of enriched nucleic acid material for comprehensive molecular analysis.
Proteomic analysis of the exosome'surfaceome' revealed multiple PDAC-specific biomarker candidates: CLDN4, EPCAM, CD151, LGALS3BP, HIST2H2BE, and HIST2H2BF. KRAS mutations in total exosomes were detected in 44.1% of patients undergoing active therapy compared with 73.0% following exosome capture using the selected biomarkers. Enrichment of exosomal cargo was amenable to molecular profiling, elucidating a putative mechanism of resistance to PARP inhibitor therapy in a patient harboring a BRCA2 mutation.
Exosomes provide unique opportunities in the context of liquid biopsies for enrichment of tumor-specific material in circulation. We present a comprehensive surfaceome characterization of PDAC exosomes which allows for capture and molecular profiling of tumor-derived DNA.
Allenson K, Alvarez H, Bernard V, Capello M, Castillo J, Gascoyne P, Hanash S, Huang J, Jacamo RO, Javle M, Katz M, Kim DU, Maitra A, Momin AA, Mulu FC, San Lucas FA, Stephens BM, Varadhachary G, Wang H, Wistuba II, Wolff R
Ann. Oncol., 2018, 29 (1)
Version 5.1.0


Before you start creating jobs on magnetic, let us first discuss what a job is.
Project / Booking / Job/ Order / Case
First off, a job can be renamed to Jobs, Bookings, Orders, or Case.
A job in Magnetic mirrors a project in a company where you have to complete work for a customer or internally over a period of time. A job is always something that has been agreed in principle with a customer or it is agreed internally.
A Job may include all or some of the following:
Private Jobs:
You can create a private job that is only visible to you or to somebody else if you assign them a task in your private job.
When creating a job, simply tick the Private tickbox. Setting to Private will make the job only visible to the users with assigned tasks in the project/job.
Action Points:
Next step: Learn how to create a job


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Tropical Cyclone Off Australia Coast
Satellite Image from the Japan Meteorological Agency satellite
CREDIT: Japan Meteorological Agency
This article was provided by AccuWeather.com.
The first tropical cyclone of 2013 will move along the northwestern Australia coast with the potential to make landfall.
This weekend, a storm began developing in the Timor Sea off northwestern Australia. Now it has become Tropical Cyclone Narelle, the third of the 2012-13 Australian region cyclone season.
As of the afternoon of Tuesday, Jan. 8, Narelle was reported by the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology to be 790 km north-northwest of Broome.
As a Category 1 cyclone at the time, the storm was anticipated to intensify in the coming days.
While there was no imminent threat to land, some storm tracks have the storm turning towards the Australian Coast by weeks end.
While rain is possible along the majority of Australia's northwest coast, the greatest threat for both rain and wind will be between the coasts of Port Hedland and Learmount.
Even if the storm does not make landfall, Narelle could impact natural gas and oil companies just offshore.
Natural gas companies operating offshore, especially near Learmount, will likely have increased waves and winds from the cyclone and should monitor this system carefully.
While it is still too far out to determine the exact wind speeds, winds were already expected in excess of 75 km/hr outside the center of the storm late on Tuesday night.
Wind speeds of this magnitude will bring very rough and high seas with a moderate swell. Increased wind intensity is possible up to 200 km/hr for the latter part of the week.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


text: Finite-difference time-domain method has gained increasing interest for room acoustic prediction use. A well-known limitation of the method is a frequencyand direction-dependent dispersion error. In this study, the audibility of dispersion error in the presence of a single surface reflection is measured. The threshold is measured for three different distance conditions with a fixed reflection arrival azimuth angle of 54.7 °. The error is placed either in the direct path, or in the reflection path. Additionally a qualitative follow-up experiment to evaluate how the measured thresholds reflect the audibility of error in short room responses is carried out. The results indicate that the threshold varies depending whether the error is in the direct path or in the reflection path. For transient signals the threshold is higher when the error is located in the direct path, whereas for speech signal, the threshold is higher when it is located in the reflection path. Evidence is found that the error is detectable in rendered room responses at the measured threshold levels.


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Every ticket is automatically assigned a unique, non-sequential reference mask, like
RYS-07092-012. A contact can provide the first three letters of the mask for quick lookups. The term mask refers to the fact that the randomized reference number (opposed to a numeric ID) doesn't disclose information about your total number of tickets or your daily email volume.
The contacts involved in a conversation are referred to as participants. By default, all participants receive a copy of worker replies to the conversation.
The specific worker who is responsible for a ticket is its owner.
Related tickets from the same participants can be merged together into a single ticket, which combines all of the messages and comments. Conversely, if a ticket conversation diverges into multiple topics that would be better handled by other groups or workers, one or more messages can be split off into new tickets.
The status of a ticket is always one of the following:
- open: the conversation needs worker attention.
- waiting for reply: the conversation is on hold pending client action.
- closed: the conversation has concluded.
- deleted: the conversation is flagged for deletion during the next maintenance window.
You'll most likely have at least one worklist dedicated to open tickets if you're responsible for responding to inquiries from contacts.
When a ticket is changed to the waiting status you can also schedule a wait until date and time, at which point the conversation will automatically return to the open status. This keeps your inbox free of tickets that you can't work on until a later date. It's also a great way to schedule followups on sales or marketing messages.
If a contact adds a new message to a ticket that is waiting or closed it will automatically change back to the open status.
By default, when a ticket is deleted you will have 7 days from its last activity to change it to a different status before it's removed permanently. This is called the undo window.
Drafts automatically save the current progress of a worker's message before they send it. This allows a composed message to be resumed at a later date, and it provides a backup (e.g. the browser crashes or otherwise unintentionally closes).
Drafts are displayed in a ticket's conversation timeline, which instantly lets other workers know that a response is being sent so they can move on to a different ticket. This prevents duplication of effort.
Similarly, a trainee can ask a supervisor to review their draft before they send a message to a client.
However, unlike the traditional paste action, snippets also support sophisticated scripting functionality with placeholders and conditional logic. This means that the content of a snippet can change based on when and where you use it.
In a common use case, an auto-responder message will use placeholders in a snippet like:
The above snippet results in the following text when used by a bot on a new ticket:
Ticket priority is determined by the importance field. You'll encounter importance as a simple slider where you can nudge it up or down as needed.
The importance field can also be automatically adjusted by bots in response to service level committments, escalations, etc.
Cerb records response time information in two fields:
First response: the total time elapsed before the first response from a worker. This focuses on the first response so that it isn't skewed by later delays that may be attributed to the client.
First resolution: the total time elapsed before the ticket was first changed to the closed status. This isn't affected by subsequent changes between the open and closed statuses that may occur when you get stuck in a loop of "Thanks!" and "You're welcome!" – especially because that may occur days after the ticket was actually resolved.
When a worker responds to a specific client message, Cerb also records the response time on the worker's message. This encourages workers to respond quickly, even if it's only to say, "Let me check on that and get right back to you".
Cerb performs a simple statistical analysis of the contents of the first message on new tickets to predict whether a message is spam or not. The predicted probability of being spam is stored as a spam score on the ticket. By itself, this prediction has no effect on tickets. However, the computed score can be used by bots and workers to filter mail when desirable.
The spam predictions improve and adapt over time through training. When a worker replies to a client message, Cerb learns to be more approving of similar messages in the future. When workers click the Report spam button on a ticket, Cerb becomes more critical of similar messages in the future.


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Australians have high expectations of tests in healthcare. But are they higher than warranted? And are they impacting on healthcare expenditure? While many people undoubtedly benefit from early diagnosis through testing, research shows that some tests may lead to unnecessary and costly, if not harmful, treatment. Critically, the role of tests is often not straightforward; while they might lead directly to treatment, they might also prompt a cascade of further—and potentially unwarranted—tests. Notwithstanding these issues, Australia's overall use of diagnostic imaging and tests has increased significantly in recent years, which is contributing to rapidly rising healthcare costs. Despite this growth, we know little about the sociocultural factors that underpin this use. In particular, we have limited understanding of the factors shaping the optimistic expectations for particular tests and for testing in general in healthcare.
Responding to these gaps in knowledge, this project aims to understand the sociocultural processes underpinning optimism for the use of testing technologies in healthcare. The Australian national cancer screening programs and routine clinical practice will be used as case studies to determine the mechanisms by which optimistic expectations of healthcare testing emerge and function among different stakeholder communities. Insights from this study will ultimately help to inform the development of policies and strategies that ensure a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
In collaboration with


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Choosing the perfect yoga travel destination is pivotal, considering the many options available worldwide. To guide you in finding the ideal yoga vacation or retreat tailored to your needs and preferences, here are some factors to consider:
1. Type of Yoga:
- Diversity of Styles: Different destinations specialize in various yoga styles, ranging from traditional Hatha yoga in India to dynamic Vinyasa Flow or Power yoga in Europe or America.
- Research Offerings: Ensure that the destination aligns with your preferred style by researching the specific yoga offerings at each location.
2. Climate and Environment:
- Tropical vs. Temperate: Consider your preference for practicing yoga in warm tropical settings, such as a beach or island, versus cooler temperatures or mountainous regions.
- Urban vs. Natural: Explore whether you prefer an urban yoga retreat, allowing you to delve into exciting cities while enhancing your yoga practice.
- Cultural Immersion: Think about the cultural experience you desire during your yoga vacation, as each destination provides unique opportunities to immerse yourself in local customs, traditions, and spiritual practices.
- Enhancing Yoga Practice: The cultural context can significantly elevate your yoga practice and enrich the experience.
- Financial Constraints: Consider your budget, as yoga retreats vary widely in cost.
- Luxury vs. Affordability: While luxurious, all-inclusive retreats offer relaxation, surprisingly affordable options exist in developing countries with lower living costs.
- Flight Expenses: Explore yoga destinations in your country to minimize flight expenses.
With all that said, here are our favorite countries to host a yoga retreat at.
Mexico, a vibrant and colorful country in North America, beckons with its stunning beaches, ancient Mayan ruins, colonial cities, and delectable cuisine, making it an ideal destination for a rejuvenating yoga vacation. Here are some top yoga destinations in Mexico:
Tulum, Yucatan Peninsula
- Pristine Beaches: Tulum, situated on the Yucatan Peninsula, is renowned for its pristine beaches that provide a serene backdrop for yoga practice.
- Ancient Mayan Ruins: Explore the ancient Mayan ruins that add a touch of history and mystique to the coastal landscape.
Puerto Vallarta and Sayulita
- Charming Surf Town: Puerto Vallarta, along with the nearby charming surf town of Sayulita on the Pacific coast, offers a vibrant yoga community and a plethora of retreat options.
- Surfing and Culture: Immerse yourself in the local culture, enjoy surfing lessons, and experience the rich offerings of the region.
- Safe and Cultural: Oaxaca stands out as one of the safest states in Mexico, making it an excellent choice for yoga enthusiasts and culture lovers alike.
- Diverse Options: Oaxaca provides diverse options for yoga travelers, ensuring a blend of wellness and cultural exploration.
- Holistic Experiences:
Mexico, with its diverse landscapes and rich cultural offerings, invites you to embark on a yoga journey that extends beyond the mat. Whether you seek the tranquil shores of Tulum, the vibrant communities of Puerto Vallarta and Sayulita, or the cultural tapestry of Oaxaca, Mexico promises a harmonious blend of wellness and exploration.
In the heart of Peru, where the whispers of the ancient Incan civilization dance with the wind, a transformative yoga adventure unfolds. This land of mystical energies and breathtaking landscapes invites the yoga traveler on a journey that transcends the physical, offering a profound connection with the spiritual realm.
The Andes, a Tapestry of Tranquility
As the sun kisses the rugged peaks of the Andes, a sacred hush envelops the air. The Sacred Valley, cradled within these majestic mountains, emerges as an idyllic sanctuary for yoga retreats. Picture-perfect views unfold, painted in hues of emerald and gold, creating a backdrop that seems plucked from the canvas of divine artistry. Here, in this tapestry of tranquility, the yogi immerses themselves in a practice that resonates with the heartbeat of the Andean spirits.
Cusco, the Vibrant Heartbeat of Incan Heritage
Nestled in the embrace of the Andes, Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, pulses with a vibrant culture. Cobblestone streets whisper tales of ancient civilizations, leading the yogi through a living museum of history. As the sun sets over terracotta rooftops, the rhythmic beats of Cusco's heart echo through the alleys, offering access to iconic wonders like the mystical Machu Picchu.
Lake Titicaca, Where Spirit Meets Serenity
Further afield, Lake Titicaca, a serene expanse nestled between Peru and Bolivia, becomes a canvas for spiritual exploration. Its reflective waters mirror the expansive sky, inviting the yoga traveler to delve into the depths of their practice. The mystical energy of the lake intertwines with the ancient wisdom of the Andean people, creating a space where spirit meets serenity.
In embracing Peru's rich history, stunning landscapes, and spiritual energy, the yoga traveler discovers not just a destination but a profound odyssey. Each step taken in this land, from the Andes to the Amazon, becomes a brushstroke on the canvas of a transformative journey. Peru, with its tapestry of ancient wisdom and natural beauty, unveils the mystical secrets of Pachamama, inviting all who seek to explore the realms of adventure and spirituality.
If you want a yoga retreat in Peru, visit International Yoga's website.


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This talk will examine the deep and often troubling change of Central European cities after the fall of state socialism by using Prague as its case. It will look specifically at following transformations: a collapse of traditional Prague-based manufacturing and relocation of labor force, the lack of socially affordable housing, the massive increase in automobile transport to the detriment of public transport, the radical change in the patterns of consumption and leisure activities, and the change in discourse about the nature of the city and its future. In the new neoliberal spirit, the city planning, as any planning, was seen as part of the suspect heritage of state socialist planned economy. The lecture will attempt to look at these and other changes as part of long term transformation that preceded the actual fall of state socialism. It also will attempt to situate those within broader trends in European urban development since the 1970s, thus revisiting the established academic debate of what is actually socialist about socialist cities.
Petr Roubal is a researcher at the Institute of Contemporary History at the Czech Academy of Sciences.


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What is important about the dyer in The Canterbury Tales?
1 Answer | Add Yours
The dyer is one of five guildsmen--tradesmen. Together they are considered "new money" and their wives expect the things this money will buy. They are "henpecked" so to speak; their lives are controlled by their greedy wives and the money they make.
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What's a Boilermaker, and What Does It Have to Do With Purdue?
Have you even been watching a University of Purdue football or basketball game and found yourself wondering what their nickname, the Boilermakers, means?
According to legend, the nickname dates back to the late-19th century when the school perennially routed nearby Wabash College at football, and Wabash supporters wound up hurling derogatory names at their competition. The town began calling the Purdue team things like "a great big burly gang of corn-huskers," "rail-splitters," "foundry molders" and "log-haulers."
It wasn't just fueled by those with sour grapes, either. In 1891 a Daily Argus article about the latest blowout proclaimed, "Wabash Snowed Completely Under by the Burly Boiler Makers from Purdue."
The Purdue community embraced the moniker. What's funny is that the term made a great deal of sense for the Indiana residents who would build railroad shops in the local area in the years that followed. Guess sometimes a small-town newspaper can really be ahead of the game.


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ELSA Reaction Wall at JRC
The European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) was opened in 1992. It operates a reaction wall facility of unique dimensions and testing capabilities in Europe and worldwide. The ELSA team comprises 35 scientific and technical staff. It has developed and implemented the pseudodynamic (PsD) testing method and performed numerous large-scale reference tests. ELSA has become a world renowned reference for experimental research, fostering collaboration across EU laboratories, research centres and industry. ELSA operates a 16 m-tall, 21 m-long reaction wall, with two reaction platforms of total surface 760 m2 that allow testing real-scale specimens on both sides of the wall. The laboratory is equipped with 28 actuators with capacities between 0.2 and 3 MN and strokes between ±0.125 and 1.0 m. The actuators control system is designed in-house to perform tests with the continuous PsD method with substructuring, that permits testing elements of large structures, bidirectional testing of multi-storey buildings, and testing of strain-rate dependent devices.
ELSA has been supporting research related to the structural/seismic safety of structures, including: reference tests on reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with and without infill wall panels; reference and pioneering tests on fullscale bridges, including irregular configurations, isolation and asynchronous input motion using the PsD method with non-linear substructuring; tests on models of parts of monuments for the development of assessment methods and protection techniques; reference tests on concrete-steel composite structures; experimental tests on fibre-reinforced concrete composite structures; reference tests on models representative of existing vulnerable structures for the development of conventional or novel techniques and the calibration of European codes for assessment, strengthening and repair; development of the continuous PsD method, allowing more efficient seismic testing of large-scale specimens; development of base isolation and energy dissipation systems; experiments on active and semi-active control of windor traffic-induced vibrations. Further to the current areas of research, new ones that will be opened to users comprise: performance of elements of buildings using glass as structural material, performance of structures against multiple natural and man-made hazards, multi-functional materials/elements for energy-efficient new and existing (nearly zeroenergy) buildings, pre-normative research in support of the next generation of the Eurocodes, applications of automated construction, innovative sensors for smart infrastructures and cities.
Services currently offered by the infrastructure: The services offered by ELSA are of vital importance for European research in structural and earthquake engineering, enabling scientists to carry out high-quality research through: experimental facilities that are unique in Europe for testing full-scale large structures under seismic or other loads; the competence in computational mechanics to support the design, simulation and interpretation of experiments; the critical mass of its research team, that allows the set-up of co-ordinated research projects; the established collaboration with the main research institutions outside Europe (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, USA, etc.) in earthquake engineering; a database containing the experimental data generated by the infrastructure and already used for calibration/adoption of European standards and mitigation of seismic risk for existing ordinary and heritage structures. Users will benefit from the knowledge generated by ELSA, as represented by the most relevant scientific achievements comprising large-scale seismic tests on bridges with asynchronous input motion, buildings under bidirectional seismic action, base-isolated structures, buildings with passive protection devices and components of the ITER Joint Undertaking infrastructure.
The experimental tests that are conducted at ELSA are of such scale and complexity, that no other infrastructure in Europe can match. The uniqueness of the services that ELSA offers makes it a first candidate for European users to apply for access. Since its opening, ELSA developed a tradition of collaboration with research and industrial partners from all over Europe. Users from new Member States have had increased access to ELSA during FP7. Around 100 international users benefit every year from the ELSA infrastructure. This proposal is expected to increase the number of users from other countries. This conclusion is drawn from the experience from the last FP project that offered transnational access to seismic testing facilities, namely the FP7 SERIES project, where ELSA provided a total of 36 access days to 30 users from 16 institutions of 9 European countries.


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Steelworkers have always understood that union activists are human rights activists. We are a leading voice in the fight for justice, dignity and respect for all.
Steelworkers celebrate diversity and believe everyone is entitled to non-discrimination, regardless of race, religion, gender, age or sexual orientation.
- 7 February 2013 African Heritage Month February is African Heritage Month. It is an opportunity for Steelworkers, labour and community activists to celebrate the contributions of African Canadians to our multicultural society and to recommit to the struggle to end racism, violence and the economic apartheid that exists today for people of colour.
- 8 February 2012 Ken Neumann Statement on Black History Month February is Black History Month, an occasion to delve into the history of Black Canadians and recognize the contributions African Canadians and Caribbean Canadians have made to our union, our communities and our country.
- 10 December 2006 Our Rights at Work: Steelworker Human Rights Committee Guide Human Rights: The foundation of freedom, justice, and peace


Meet The Brave Benin Warlord Who Fought And Killed Several British Soldiers During Invasion 1897
In Benin City, the Edo State capital in Nigeria, you would notice a particular statue of a man standing tall round the city centre with a bow and arrow and dead soldiers beneath him. Many have wondered who is the man and why that statue was erected in his honor. The purpose of this article is to bring to light who this brave man is.
He is no other than General Asoro of Benin Kingdom. He is one of the most historical figures in Benin history. He was a Benin warlord, who lead other members of the Benin royal army in resisting the British invaders from entering Benin city during what is new termed "invasion 1897".
Bronze sculpture of General Asoro
According to Benin Legend, Asoro held his ground on Ring Road, where he was reported to have said the now famous statement "So Kpon Oba" which translates to mean "no other person dare pass this road except the Oba", a word which was later corrupted to "SAKPONBA", the name of a well-known road in Benin. During the Benin Invasion of 1897 which lasted for many days, it reported that General Asoro ably defended the spot almost singlehandedly where his statue now stands. He fought with poisoned arrows and bows and was fortified by magic which made him not to fall to the guns of the British army but instead and dealt fatal shots to the British army with his poisoned arrows.
On how he died, legend has it that the only condition he had to obey to in order to stay alive, was that he should never look back over his shoulder. After fighting for several days, his quiver of arrows that hung from his shoulder was mysteriously snatched away. He looked right and left but could not find it. With pressure mounting on him to locate his arrows. he then looked back on his shoulder and saw "Ofoe" which in Benin means, "the messenger of death" and died at the spot where his statue now stands in Benin.
 To celebrate his bravery and ultimate sacrifice in preserving the Benin empire, a statue of him now stands at what is now known Oba Ovonramwen Square, at the beginning of Sakponba Road, Benin City.
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home > web.py Sessions
web.py Sessions
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Sessions are a way to store information between requests, thereby making http stateful. They work by sending the user a cookie, which maps to a session storage object on the server. When the user requests a page, the client sends the cookie back with the request, web.py loads the session based on the key, and code can request and store information in it.
Sessions are convenient because they allow a programmer to store user state in native Python objects.
Storage types
web.py sessions allow for multiple ways to store the session data. These methods include:
 - DiskStore. Session data is pickled in a designated directory. When instantiating, the first and only argument is the folder where the session information should be stored on disk.
 - DBStore. Session data is pickled and stored in a database. This can be useful if you want to store session data on a separate system. When creating, the DBStore takes 2 arguments: a web.py database instance, and the table name (string). The table which stores the session must have the following schema:
 session_id CHAR(128) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
 atime DATETIME NOT NULL default current_timestamp,
 data TEXT
 - ShelfStore. Data is stored using the python shelve module. When creating, the ShelfStore takes the filename that should be used to store the data.
The storage methods have various performance and setup tradeoffs, so the options allow you to choose what's best for your application.
The following code shows how to use a basic DiskStore session.
import web
urls = (
 '/', 'Index',
 '/login', 'Login',
 '/logout', 'Logout',
web.config.debug = False
app = web.application(urls, locals())
class Index:
 def GET(self):
 if session.get('logged_in', False):
 return 'You are logged inLogout'
 return 'You are not logged in.Login now'
class Login:
 def GET(self):
 session.logged_in = True
 raise web.seeother('/')
class Logout:
 def GET(self):
 session.logged_in = False
 raise web.seeother('/')
if __name__ == '__main__':
Sessions and Reloading/Debug Mode
Is your session data disappearing for seemingly no reason? This can happen when using the web.py app reloader (local debug mode), which will not persist the session object between reloads. Here's a nifty hack to get around this.
# Hack to make session play nice with the reloader (in debug mode)
if web.config.get('_session') is None:
 session = web.session.Session(app, db.SessionDBStore())
 web.config._session = session
 session = web.config._session


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there a difference in the results returned by Python's built-in pow(x, y) (no third argument) and the values returned by math.pow(), in the case of two float arguments.
I am asking this question because the documentation for math.pow() implies that pow(x, y) (i.e. x**y) is essentially the same as math.pow(x, y):
math.pow(x, y)
Note the last line: the documentation implies that the behavior of math.pow() is that of the exponentiation operator ** (and therefore of pow(x, y)). Is this officially guaranteed?
Background: My goal is to provide an implementation of both the built-in pow() and of math.pow() for numbers with uncertainty that behaves in the same way as with regular Python floats (same numerical results, same exceptions, same results for corner cases, etc.). I have already implemented something that works quite well, but there are some corner cases that need to be handled.
share|improve this question
Probably nothing you don't already know, but here's some folks messing around with it: velocityreviews.com/forums/t355507-pow-power-function.html – Droogans Apr 23 '12 at 14:50
3 Answers 3
up vote 39 down vote accepted
Quick Check
From the signatures, we can tell that they are different:
pow(x, y[, z])
math.pow(x, y)
Also, trying it in the shell will give you a quick idea:
>>> pow is math.pow
Testing the differences
Another way to understand the differences in behaviour between the two functions is to test for them:
import math
import traceback
import sys
inf = float("inf")
NaN = float("nan")
vals = [inf, NaN, 0.0, 1.0, 2.2, -1.0, -0.0, -2.2, -inf, 1, 0, 2]
tests = set([])
for vala in vals:
 for valb in vals:
 tests.add( (vala, valb) )
 tests.add( (valb, vala) )
for a,b in tests:
 print("math.pow(%f,%f)"%(a,b) )
 print(" %f "%math.pow(a,b))
 print("__builtins__.pow(%f,%f)"%(a,b) )
 print(" %f "%__builtins__.pow(a,b))
We can then notice some subtle differences. For example:
 ValueError: math domain error
 ZeroDivisionError: 0.0 cannot be raised to a negative power
There are other differences, and the test list above is not complete (no long numbers, no complex, etc...), but this will give us a pragmatic list of how the two functions behave differently. I would also recommend extending the above test to check for the type that each function returns. You could probably write something similar that creates a report of the differences between the two functions.
math.pow() handles its arguments very differently from the builtin ** or pow(). This comes at the cost of flexibility. Having a look at the source, we can see that the arguments to math.pow() are cast directly to doubles:
static PyObject *
math_pow(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 PyObject *ox, *oy;
 double r, x, y;
 int odd_y;
 if (! PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "pow", 2, 2, &ox, &oy))
 return NULL;
 x = PyFloat_AsDouble(ox);
 y = PyFloat_AsDouble(oy);
The checks are then carried out against the doubles for validity, and then the result is passed to the underlying C math library.
builtin pow()
The built-in pow() (same as the ** operator) on the other hand behaves very differently, it actually uses the Objects's own implementation of the ** operator, which can be overridden by the end user if need be by replacing a number's __pow__(), __rpow__() or __ipow__(), method.
For built-in types, it is instructive to study the difference between the power function implemented for two numeric types, for example, floats, long and complex.
Overridding the default behaviour
Emulating numeric types is described here. essentially, if you are creating a new type for numbers with uncertainty, what you will have to do is provide the __pow__(), __rpow__() and possibly __ipow__() methods for your type. This will allow your numbers to be used with the operator:
class Uncertain:
 def __init__(self, x, delta=0):
 self.delta = delta
 self.x = x
 def __pow__(self, other):
 return Uncertain(
 Uncertain._propagate_power(self, other)
 def _propagate_power(A, B):
 return math.sqrt(
 ((B.x*(A.x**(B.x-1)))**2)*A.delta*A.delta +
In order to override math.pow() you will have to monkey patch it to support your new type:
def new_pow(a,b):
 _a = Uncertain(a)
 _b = Uncertain(b)
 return _a ** _b
math.pow = new_pow
Note that for this to work you'll have to wrangle the Uncertain class to cope with an Uncertain instance as an input to __init__()
share|improve this answer
This is the kind of answer I was looking for: some hard facts about the difference between pow(x, y) and math.pow(x, y) for real numbers. However, there is one missing piece: do you know how __pow()__ is implemented for real numbers? the big question is: does it use the underlying C math library like math.pow() does, and does it handle exceptional cases in the same way (including the exceptions it raises)? I had a quick look at the source of pow(x, y) at hg.python.org/cpython/file/6a60359556f9/Objects/…, but have not yet been able to conclude. – EOL Apr 24 '12 at 7:18
__pow__ does end up using the underlying math library. It's in the file you linked on line 911: ix = pow(iv, iw);. Considering what you're trying to do, I would actually set up a test suite and run it against the builting pow() and math.pow() in order to understand their behaviour. I've added a script that will run a battery of tests for this purpose. – brice Apr 24 '12 at 8:49
BTW, I had a look at Uncertainty, and it looks really useful! Also, I'm wondering, do you take into account the underlying precision when doing your uncertainty calculations? – brice Apr 24 '12 at 9:24
Thank you for your nice comment. If by "underlying precision" you mean the float precision, then the answer is "sometimes": most uncertainty calculations are done analytically (the formulas are of course evaluated numerically). However, users can also require numerical uncertainty calculations for, say, Fortran functions that cannot accept number with uncertainties; in this case, I do take into account the precision of floating-point numbers (when calculating numerical derivatives). – EOL Apr 24 '12 at 10:24
math.pow() implicitly converts its arguments to float:
>>> math.pow(Fraction(1, 3), 2)
>>> math.pow(Decimal(10), -1)
but the built-in pow does not:
>>> pow(Fraction(1, 3), 2)
Fraction(1, 9)
>>> pow(Decimal(10), -1)
You can overload pow and ** by defining __pow__ and __rpow__ methods for your class.
However, you can't overload math.pow (without hacks like math.pow = pow). You can make a class usable with math.pow by defining a __float__ conversion, but then you'll lose the uncertainty attached to your numbers.
share|improve this answer
Good answer. FWIW, in the CPython source code, the built-in pow function calls PyNumber_Power, which calls __pow__ on the object in question. For example, see the source for float_pow. In comparison, the source for math.pow does indeed convert its arguments to floats first thing. – Ben Hoyt Apr 23 '12 at 15:28
You might want to add in that math.pow is only there because the math module reflects the standard C's math library. – orlp Apr 23 '12 at 23:55
_USER_: Are you implying that besides float conversion the two functions have exactly the same behavior (numerical results, but also exceptions, corner case values, etc.)? This is really what the question is about. :) – EOL Apr 24 '12 at 7:21
_USER_: PS: brice's answer shows that math.pow() and the built-in pow() do behave differently with two float arguments. – EOL Apr 24 '12 at 11:58
Python's standard pow includes a simple hack that makes pow(2, 3, 2) faster than (2 ** 3) % 2 (of course, you'll only notice that with large numbers).
Another big difference is how the two functions handle different input formats.
>>> pow(2, 1+0.5j)
>>> math.pow(2, 1+0.5j)
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError


Colour selection for your garden
Designing your garden is an art. Like any good painting, you must plan it out, with a view to balance, colour and lines. Today, we are going to learn about colour selection for gardeners, using a garden of frangipanis as a case study.
Before you start purchasing plants and dumping them in your garden, you need to settle on a colour scheme. There are a handful of ways to pick a colour scheme that is pleasing to the eye, yet there are easily hundreds of ways to make a colour scheme that is an awful mess.
First, think about how many colours you want. We are going to consider the colours of frangipanis as an example. Frangipanis come in pink, red, orange, yellow and white (as well as combinations of the abovebut this is a topic we will reserve for a future, more advanced lesson). Notice how we have arranged red, orange, yellow and white in order. Pink is an odd case; it is not a colour of the rainbow, rather it is a light, undersaturated red. You may notice white is also not a colour of the rainbow, but it is the colour you get when you combine an entire rainbow together.
Now, you can either pick colours which are next to each other, or you can skip entire sections of the colour wheel. There are many places online where you can actually make a perfect designer colour scheme, but you can also do it on your own.
If you are planting frangipanis, consider how many different colours you want. One colour is boring, so go with two, three or four. Five is too many.
Then, choose colours which are next to each other, such as red and orange; or skip alternative colours, such as by choosing red and yellow.
Translating this in terms of frangipanis, you could plant a pink frangipani, lulus blood for instance, with a white frangipani. Remember, colour selection for gardeners is about rules, not unfettered creativity.


text:
In the beginning of 2014 our School St Mary's College (SMC) Rose-Hill signed the Education for Sustainability Charter and pledge. In keeping with our commitment to this, the Travel and Tourism students of SMC organized various activities on the themes of Culture & Heritage, and Ecotourism during the first term 2016. They are as follows:
1. Guided Tour at Eureka House and Moka River
The students organised a visit of Eureka House in Moka where participants were able to learn more about its significance to the history of Mauritius. They discovered the fascinating architecture of the residence made up of natural materials, and the colonial ways of life deeply imprinted with traditional and simple ways of living.
After visiting the museum, the participants were invited to go for a walk in the garden and near the Moka River banks. They had the chance to admire the small waterfalls, endemic plants and rare specimens which surround the house. This project had as objectives:
- To introduce to participants the unique flora and fauna present in the region of Moka,
- To develop environmentally-friendly attitudes and behaviours within people,
- To promote traditional games, and
- To instill respect for natural resources, including plants and animals.
We ended the visit with typical Mauritian dishes prepared in the old ways by Eureka House in the old kitchen.
2. Conference on Creole Culture in Mauritius
Mauritius being a melting pot with a rich multicultural society can pride itself for the coexistence of different religions, languages and cultures. In line with the concept of sustainability, the students have chosen to hold a Mini Conference to promote the Creole culture in Mauritius at l'Aventure du Sucre, Mapou. The main objectives of this project were to educate people of different age groups on various aspects of the Creole culture, to sensitise them on the importance of preserving it for the benefits of future generations, and to instill respect for local culture and traditions into people. Youngers of nowadays are now increasingly being taken up by the modernity of the fast changing life that only few of them know about the origins and meanings of customs and traditions in Mauritius.
To ensure the success of this event, different speakers were invited to share their knowledge on the bases of the creole culture and language, its traditions and customs, the creole cuisine, arts, and music. The students also benefited from the assistance of the Ecole Hôtelière Sir Gaetan Duval, Nelson Mandela Centre for African Culture, Ledikasyon Pu Travayer, and Mr. Paul Comarmond, painter and researcher on Creole arts.
3. Cultural Rally in the City of Port-Louis
For this project, a group of people were brought in Port-Louis to discover the various cultural and historical places that the capital city has to offer. This event took place in the form of a Cultural Rally which offered to the participants the opportunity to learn more about the Mauritian history through a range of challenging and fun activities. Quizzes and riddles were used as clues and participants had to refer to their own prior knowledge of the history to complete the tasks allocated to them.
The organizing team also wanted to use games to strengthen relationships and cooperation between people by setting them to play in teams with people they barely knew. Searching for clues together and sharing ideas was the opportunity to create human bonding. The game further demonstrated that a simple entertainment could act like a real brain booster for the participants. It further helped to reinforce the team spirit within the organizing group itself.
On the same way, ecofriendly attitudes were taken into consideration by ensuring that participants were not using motorised vehicles to check from one point to another. Similarly, all clues and hidden items were crafted by the students, and a minimum of paper was used for the enigmas. After the game, all participants had lunch together and we ended the event with a prize giving ceremony.


text:
The mission of the Toms River Police Department's Emergency Service Unit (ESU) is to support the Department's community-based policing efforts to reduce the incidence and the fear of crime. This is accomplished by developing and deploying a reserve force of the most highly trained and disciplined personnel. The Emergency Services Unit is continually trained in the use of specialized tactics and equipment in order to provide the most proficient and professional tactical response possible; reducing the risk to officers, suspects and the general public.
Since its inception, the Emergency Service Unit ESU has provided a ready response to situations that were beyond the capabilities of normally equipped and trained department personnel. ESU responds, upon request, to assist in resolving barricade/hostage episodes and calls involving suicidal individuals. The unit also plans and executes all high risk warrant services within the township. The Emergency Services Unit is deployed numerous times each year to conduct search warrants, high risk arrest warrants and to apprehend dangerous, armed subjects. The unit has earned numerous commendations and citations for their involvement in these activities.
The need for ESU expertise and assistance with warrant service is dependent upon the following criteria:
- Unusual circumstances beyond the capabilities of patrol.
- Heavily fortified locations.
- Weapons are known to be present and/or have been used in the past.
- The presence of suspects with extensive criminal history.
The Emergency Service Unit is under the command of Lieutenant Robert Rankin _EMAIL_.


24
Character 2: Step up 24
seed = seed - 2 = 22
Character 3: Step down 22
seed = seed + 3 = 25
Character 4: Step up 25
Now with a seed of 23 will be encoded to Even given the base code key and the seed, this takes a few minutes to decode by hand. If the third party is missing either one of those pieces of information (or any understanding of the rules we are applying), they have very little hope.
If you do not believe it, try this encoded email address with the above base coding string and no seed: Clue: I expect eventually someone will get it using educated guesswork and verification.
This is the algorithm incorporated by the NoSpamEmailHyperlink.
Visible Addresses
In addition to scanning hyperlink href attributes, most email harvesters will pick up an address from the general flow of text. If it sees anything in the format user@domain then the harvester software will pick it up.
Say, for example, your Email Hyperlink should read as follows:


Percy Pilcher
Percy Sinclair Pilcher (16 January 1866 – 2 October 1899) was a British inventor and pioneer aviator who was his country's foremost experimenter in unpowered flight at the end of the 19th Century. He was planning a flight with a motor-driven hang glider, but died in the crash of another glider before he could make the attempt.
Early life
Percy Pilcher was born in Bath in 1866, and served in the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
 for seven years from 1880. Thereafter he became an apprentice with the shipbuilders, Randolph, Elder and Company, of Govan in Glasgow.
In 1891 Pilcher began work as assistant lecturer at Glasgow University and took a growing interest in aviation. He built a hang glider called The Bat which he flew for the first time in 1895; the Bat had a double use of the triangle control frame (TCF) as both a piloting device as well as an airframe part that doubled in kinposting utility.
Later that year Pilcher met Otto Lilienthal
Otto Lilienthal
Otto Lilienthal was a German pioneer of human aviation who became known as the Glider King. He was the first person to make well-documented, repeated, successful gliding flights. He followed an experimental approach established earlier by Sir George Cayley...
, who was the leading expert in gliding in Germany. These discussions led to Pilcher building two more gliders, The Beetle and The Gull. Based on the work of his mentor Otto Lilienthal, in 1897 Pilcher built a glider called The Hawk with which he broke the world distance record when he flew 250 m (820 ft) at the grounds of Stanford Hall near Lutterworth
Lutterworth is a market town and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. The town is located in southern Leicestershire, north of Rugby, in Warwickshire and south of Leicester. It had a population of 8,293 in the 2001 UK census....
 in Leicestershire, England.
Pilcher set his sights upon powered flight: he developed a triplane
A triplane is a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with three vertically-stacked wing planes. Tailplanes and canard foreplanes are not normally included in this count, although they may occasionally be.-Design principles:...
 that was to be powered by a 4 hp
 (3 kW) engine; however, construction of the triplane put him heavily into debt, and Pilcher needed sponsorship to complete his work.
Pilcher formed a company with Walter Gordon Wilson
Walter Gordon Wilson
Major Walter Gordon Wilson was an engineer and member of the British Royal Naval Air Service. He was credited by the 1919 Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors as the co-inventor of the tank, along with Sir William Tritton....
 (later to become a successful motor engineer and inventor of the first tanks).
On 30 September 1899, having completed his triplane, he had intended to demonstrate it to a group of onlookers and potential sponsors in a field near Stanford Hall. However, days before, the engine crankshaft had broken and, so as not to disappoint his guests, he decided to fly the Hawk instead. The weather was stormy and rainy, but by 4 pm Pilcher decided the weather was good enough to fly. Whilst flying, the tail snapped and Pilcher plunged 10 metres (30 ft) to the ground: he died two days later from his injuries with his triplane having never been publicly flown.
He is buried in Brompton Cemetery
Brompton Cemetery
Brompton Cemetery is located near Earl's Court in South West London, England. It is managed by The Royal Parks and is one of the Magnificent Seven...
, London.
A stone monument to him stands in the field near Stanford Hall at the point where he crashed, and a full-sized replica of his "The Hawk" glider is also displayed at Stanford Hall. The original Hawk has survived and is in the collections of National Museums Scotland.
Renewal of interest
Pilcher's plans were lost for many years, and his name was also long forgotten except by a few enthusiasts. When the centenary of the Wright brothers
Wright brothers
' flight approached, a new effort was made to find the lost work, and some correspondence was found in a private American collection. From this it was possible to discern the general direction of his plans and the basis of his design. Based on Lilienthal's work, Pilcher understood how to produce lift using winglike structures, but at this time a full mathematical description was years away, so many elements were still missing. In particular, Pilcher was stuck trying to design a wing that could lift the weight of an engine, the aircraft itself and the occupant – each increase in wing area increased the weight so much that yet more lift was required, requiring a larger wing – a seemingly vicious circle. Pilcher's breakthrough, thanks to correspondence with another pioneer, Octave Chanute
Octave Chanute
, was to stack smaller, lighter wings one atop the other in an arrangement we know today as the biplane or triplane. This allowed the wings to generate much more lift without a corresponding increase in weight.
In 2003, a research effort carried out at the School of Aeronautics at Cranfield University
Cranfield University
Cranfield University is a British postgraduate university based on two campuses, with a research-oriented focus. The main campus is at Cranfield, Bedfordshire and the second is the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom based at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire. The main campus is unique in the United...
, commissioned by the BBC2 television series "Horizon", has shown that Pilcher's design was more or less workable, and had he been able to develop his engine, it is possible he would have succeeded in being the first to fly a heavier-than-air powered aircraft with some degree of control. Cranfield built a replica of Pilcher's aircraft and added the Wright brothers' innovation of wing-warping as a safety backup for roll control. Pilcher's original design did not include aerodynamic controls such as ailerons or elevator. After a very short initial test, the craft achieved a sustained flight of 1 minute and 25 seconds, compared to 59 seconds for the Wright Brothers' best flight at Kitty Hawk. This was achieved under dead calm conditions as an additional safety measure, whereas the Wrights flew in a 25 mph+ wind to achieve enough airspeed on their early attempts.
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