The Beheaded
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Aren't you the headless fellow that's been getting around?
The Beheaded, also known as The Prisoner or the Fallen One[1], is the protagonist of Dead Cells. It appears to be a mysterious shadowy, gas-like substance, with a glowing crystal inside. The Beheaded prefers to possess headless bodies instead of moving around without one.
Lore[edit | edit source]
Hardly anything is known about the origin of the Beheaded — the Beheaded itself seems unaware of how it came to be.[2] However, it appears to be known by the Prisoners (who seem to fear it) and a few others. The Beheaded hunts down the King, hoping that killing him will bring some kind of change to the world. The Spider calls the Beheaded an anomaly, and mentions that some "she" was looking for it.[1] The exact identity of this mysterious entity that was pursuing the Beheaded is unknown, although it is quite possibly the Time Keeper, who seems to have a strong distaste for the Beheaded.
Abilities[edit | edit source]
 - The Beheaded can possess dead bodies, until said body becomes so damaged to the extent it becomes unusable.
 - Possessing a body is not instant. The Beheaded seemingly needs to "boot up" its body in order to use it efficiently.
 - With the use of the Homunculus Rune, the Beheaded can launch its "head" from the body while not losing control of the original.
 - Even without a body, the Beheaded retains the ability to move around, though it does not prefer doing so.
 - The Beheaded seems to be immortal. No matter where it is killed, even in the Forgotten Sepulcher's darkness, it always seems to survive and come back.
 - The Beheaded seems immune to the Malaise, but the bodies it possesses are not.
Personality[edit | edit source]
While the Beheaded is unable to speak, it still has quite the personality. The Beheaded likes to make sarcastic remarks and jokes about the situations it finds itself in. It seems to have quite the mean streak, tending to kick bodies around, as well as pestering people. However, this does not mean it is completely empty of remorse and empathy. The Beheaded seems upset by the sight of the cruel orders from the King,[3] grim at the sight of a guard killed by the effects of the Malaise,[4] is seen telling a dead prisoner to "rest in peace",[5] and lacking any kind of humor when finding a hanged woman.[6] Its emotions are symbolized by the color of its textbox.
Trivia[edit | edit source]
 - The Beheaded can somehow consume food even though it does not have anywhere to consume them.
 - According to The Heart of Dead Cells, the green mass of the Beheaded is a homunculus.
 - The Beheaded seems to have no issue possessing both male and female bodies, given some of the Outfits.
References[edit | edit source]


text:
providers 116. In the illustrated embodiment, a limit may be placed on additional contributions to the annuity contract. The limit on the additional contributions may be based on, for example, a type of the annuity contract, a source of the additional contribution, the participant's age at time of the additional contribution, an amount of the additional contribution, an aggregate amount of contributions made to the annuity contract, an aggregate amount of contributions made to all annuity contracts, etc.
CPU 106 is further coupled to withdrawal calculator 110. In the illustrated embodiment, withdrawal calculator 110 may be operative to calculate guaranteed withdrawal amount ("GWA") based in part on a base calculated by base calculator 108. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a guaranteed withdrawal benefit may begin at a predetermined age (or upon occurrence of a predetermined event) and allow a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c to withdraw a predetermined amount from the annuity contract in predetermined intervals. For example, beginning at age 59½, a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c may withdraw up to the GWA each year (or other defined time period) for the participant's life. If the participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c designates a successor owner (e.g., purchased a joint life annuity contract), the GWA may be provided for the lives of the participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c and the successor owner.
In an exemplary embodiment, the guaranteed withdrawal benefit allows a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c to withdraw up to the GWA, which is a percentage of the income base. In other exemplary embodiments, a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c may be allowed to withdraw up to a predetermined sum from the annuity contract. The guaranteed withdrawal benefit may not be cumulative. For example, if a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c withdraws less than the GWA, the difference between the amount withdrawn and the GWA may not be added to a subsequent withdrawal period. In other embodiments, withdrawals of less than the GWA may be cumulative such that, for example, the portion of the GWA not withdrawn may be available for withdrawal in a subsequent withdrawal period.
As noted above, the income base can be reduced if a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c makes a withdrawal meeting one or more predefined conditions. For example, if a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c makes a withdrawal before he reaches a predetermined age or if a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c withdraws more than the GWA in a given withdrawal period, base calculator 108 may recalculate the income base, and withdrawal calculator may recalculate the GWA. If the withdrawal meets any (or both) of the predefined conditions, the income base may be reset to a lesser of (i) the income base prior to the withdrawal and (ii) an account value following the withdrawal, and the GWA may also be recalculated to the lesser of (i) a predetermined percentage of the reset income base and (ii) the GWA prior to the withdrawal. If the account value falls to zero and a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c has not made a withdrawal that meets the predefined conditions, the GWA may continue to be available to a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c for the participant's life.
At a predetermined time (e.g., contract anniversary date, end of calendar year, participant's birthday, etc.) or upon occurrence of a predetermined event (e.g., a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c reaching a predetermined age, account value reaching a predetermined value, etc.), the income base may be recalculated to the greater of (i) the account value and (ii) the most recent income base. The GWA may also be recalculated when the income base is recalculated.
In an exemplary embodiment, the annuity contract may provide an incentive for a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c to forgo withdrawals. For example, a withdrawal deferral bonus may be provided which increases the income base by a predetermined percentage if a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c forgoes the withdrawal (or a predetermined number of consecutive withdrawals). In another exemplary embodiment, the withdrawal deferral bonus may terminate when a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c makes his2 first withdrawal or makes a withdrawal equal to the GWA.
Withdrawals may be taken through automatic or customized withdrawal plans (e.g., with variations on withdrawal frequency, amount withdrawn, withdrawal destination, etc.), which may also include a required minimum distribution service to meet lifetime required minimum distributions under federal income tax rules. The withdrawals may be taken on a pro rata basis from the investment options, from selected investment options, from the investment options in a round-robin fashion, etc.
In an exemplary embodiment, a charge may be deducted from the net assets of each investment option at predetermined intervals (e.g., daily). The charge may include, for example, mortality and expense risks charge, a charge for providing the guaranteed withdrawal benefit, etc. A charge may also be deducted from the account value when, for example, a withdrawal is made (e.g., a withdrawal charge), when annuity payments are scheduled to begin (e.g., charges designed to approximate certain taxes, such as premium state taxes), etc. Charges may also be deducted for management of the portfolios underlying the investment options. As understood by those of skill in the art, various tax rules and regulations may apply to the annuity contract and the features thereof
Annuity provider 104 may be operative to store data generated by base calculator 108 and withdrawal calculator 110 in account storage 112. Additionally, annuity provider 104 may be operative to store various metrics related to a participant account within account storage 112 including, but not limited to, participant ID, participant address, etc. During the course of calculations, CPU 106 may be operative to access account storage 112 and transmit data from account storage 112 to both base calculator 108 and withdrawal calculator 110. That is, CPU 106 may be capable of accessing historical account data from account storage for recalculating a participant's base and GWA, as previously described.
Annuity provider 104 may further be coupled to a plurality of investment institutions 114. The annuity provider 104 may provide several investment options for a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c to invest the contributions, and a participant 102 a, 102 b, 102 c may invest any portion of the contributions in any one or more of the investment options present in the investment institutions 114. In one exemplary embodiment, at least one of the investment options is a variable investment such that investment results depend on performance of an underlying portfolio, e.g., in periods of poor market performance, net return may result in a negative yield. The underlying portfolio may be selected from several portfolios which include various asset classes and categories and fulfill various objectives, e.g., high level of current income, current income and growth of capital (with emphasis on current income or growth of capital), long-term capital appreciation and current income, and long-term capital appreciation.
An account value may refer to a value of the investments in a given portfolio. That is, in an embodiment in which the investment options are variable, the account value may not be equal to the contributions, because the account value may change due to performance of the underlying portfolios. The account value (and the contributions) can be transferred among the investment options.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual illustration allowing for an explanation of the present invention. It should be understood that various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention could be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. In such embodiments, the various components and/or steps would be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or software to perform the functions of the present invention. That is, the same piece of hardware, firmware, or module of software could perform one or more of the illustrated blocks (e.g., components or steps).
In software implementations, computer software (e.g., programs or other instructions) and/or data is stored on a machine readable medium as part of a computer program product, and is loaded into a computer system or other device or machine via a removable storage drive, hard drive, or communications interface. Computer programs (also called computer control logic or computer readable program code) are stored in a main and/or secondary memory, and executed by one or more processors (controllers, or the like) to cause the one or more processors to perform the functions of the invention as described herein. In this document, the terms "machine readable medium," "computer program medium" and "computer usable medium" are used to generally refer to media such as a random access memory (RAM); a read only memory (ROM); a removable storage unit (e.g., a magnetic or optical disc, flash memory device, or the like); a hard disk; or the like.
Notably, the figure and examples above are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to a single embodiment, as other embodiments are possible by way of interchange of some or all of the described or illustrated elements. Moreover, where certain elements of the present invention can be partially or fully implemented using known components, only those portions of such known components that are necessary for an understanding of the present invention are described, and detailed descriptions of other portions of such known components are omitted so as not to obscure the invention. In the present specification, an embodiment showing a singular component should not necessarily be limited to other embodiments

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
int WidthInInches(int feet);
// Initialize variables by calling functions.
int feet = WidthInFeet();
int wd = WidthInInches(feet);
// Display results.
std::cout << "Width in inches = " << wd;
std::cout << "Enter width in feet: ";
std::cin >> feet;
int WidthInInches(int feet)
return feet * 12;
I'm a new to C++ and I understand that it reads up to down. However, I don't understand how the last part could return a number and then that number is returned to the out line in the main function. Can someone please explain this?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
PRO-MELTER RS mark F (formate basis)
Liquid de-icing reagent PRO-MELTER RS mark F – is an effective deicing reagent for runways and aprons. It meets all the strict environmental requirements as well as the requirements for corrosion resistance. PRO-MELTER RS-F can be effectively used on airfield pavements at temperatures up to -34 ° C. In some cases, it is possible to use it at the lower temperatures increasing the application rate.
Having a weather forecast of a possible ice formation or during the beginning of ice formation process PRO-MELTER RS-F is applied on the surface cleaned from snow and ice. Ice formation preventing mode involves regular repetition of the reagent application, corrected by the weather conditions and the state of the band.
Information about corrosive action
Specially developed corrosion inhibitors guarantee the safety of materials used in the aircraft industry and airport constructing industry. Tests are carried out in accordance with SAE AMS 1435.
Information about the environmental impact
PRO-MELTER RS F is fully biodegradable within 14 days
Biodegradation - 97%
Biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days - 0.008 kg / kg
Chemical oxygen demand - 0.112 kg / kg.


Courtesy of Wikipedia
224: Violette Szabo
Allied Spy During World War II
Born: 26 June 1921, Paris, France
Died: 5 February 1945, Ravensbruck Concentration Camp, Brandenburg, Germany
Violette worked for the Special Operations Executive and was parachuted into France before being captured and executed by the Nazi Regime.
She met her husband and married him very quickly—Etienne was thirty-one and she nineteen when they got hitched.
Etienne returned to the front lines and was killed in 1942. Violette learned after Etienne had left to return to the front that she was pregnant, and their daughter was born in 1942—Tania (Etienne died three months after Tania was born and never got to see her or meet her in person).
Violette joined the SOE because of Etienne's death.
She and several others were parachuted into France the day after the D-Day landings (it was her second landing in France, with the first mission being a success).
After her capture she was taken to Ravensbruck and then to Torgau Concentration Camp.
After toiling for months at Torgau she was returned to Ravensbruck. Violette and two other captured spies (Denise Bloch and Lilian Rolfe) were executed by being shot in the back of the head.
She was posthumously awarded the George Cross for her bravery—the second woman to be awarded that medal. Violette was also awarded the Croix du Guerre and La Medaille de la Resistance by the French.
She and Etienne are the most decorated married couple from World War II.
Badges Earned:
Find a Grave Marked
Located In My Personal Library:
Women Wartime Spies by Ann Kramer
Secret Heroes of World War II by Eric Chalene
World War II Love Stories by Gill Paul


text:
Simple program is a swiss knife for window handling. ClickOff automatically clicks button on error messages that come up all the time, fills in text, minimizes or maximizes windows and allows for the setting of additional parameters.
- Automatically clicks button on error messages that come up all the time.
- Fills in text
- Closes browser popups
- Minimizes or maximizes windows
- Delay times can be set to allow user intervention
- Single entries can be disabled temporarily
- False clicks are avoided by taking the message text into the proccess of detecting.
- To close windows that contain certain words, wildcards can be used
- The scanning speed can be set
- Can be disabled for a short period or permanently without having to be exited.
- Has very low system resource needs, takes about 1 sec. to load and doesn't slow down the system while running.
- Simple usage through hotkey support
- Has language file support
System Requirements: Win 2000/03/08/XP/Vista/7
Operating System Support: Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Other


Shadow-free light guaranteed. Unlike traditional multi-bulb surgical lights, HyLite 6 series produces light with perfect shadow reduction. It achieves this using only one bulb attached to a parabolic reflector composed of thousands of facets which function like miniature mirrors. Every facet receives light and projects it onto the operating field. Light rays projected from every facet make up a light column that is uniformly projected on every corner of the operating field, thus ensuring a shadowless field, even if a surgeon is standing directly under the light.
 - HyLite generates minimized disturbance in two ways: firstly, it features a smooth outline that hides the encircling grips; secondly, it consumes so little power that the warming effect on the outer surface is extremely low
 - HyLite employs a state-of-the-art reflector to produce a perfect light column that presents a depth of illumination up to 1,200mm (L1+L2, as defined by IEC 60601-2-41)
 - HyLite has two identical bulbs, one in operation and the other standing by. If the bulb in use fails, HyLite will switch to the backup bulb in 0.2 seconds and and move it into the working position. A surgeon will not perceive any difference in either illumination or light field center


text:
Haudenosaunee Lessons in Peace
Freida Jacques (Onondaga, Turtle Clan) will discuss philosophies of peace and their relevancy today.
LocationArt Exhibit Room, Macmillan Hall
The Haudenosaunee Confederacy was united by the great Peacemaker over 1,000 years ago. The philosophies of peace that were adopted by the Haudenosaunee long ago continue to hold important lessons for promoting peace in today's world.
Freida (Whatwehni:neh) is a Clan Mother and works at the Onondaga Nation School as a Home/School Liaison. She is a bridge between Onondaga culture and many educational institutions in Central New York. Freida has been a leader for Onondaga Nation for over 30 years and has several published essays: "Discipline of the Good Mind," in Northeast Indian Quarterly, Cornell University Summer 1991, "Use the Good Mind" in Winds of Change, Spring 1997, and "Beyond Healing: A Gift to the World," in Indian Country Today, April 5, 2000.
This talk is free and open to all; it is sponsored by the Juliana James Native American Scholar Fund which honors the memory of Juliana James and her activism for social and economic justice for women.


text:
From Ohio History Central
Mineral specimens are not so nearly widespread in Ohio as are fossil specimens, but many areas of the state produce interesting minerals. Many of the best specimens of mineral crystals from Ohio have come from limestone and dolomite quarries in northwestern Ohio. Unfortunately for the collector, most of these quarries are now closed to collectors because of safety and legal considerations. Always OBTAIN PERMISSION before collecting on private property. The book, Minerals of Ohio, available from the Division of Geological Survey of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, is an excellent guide to identification, occurrence, and collecting information on minerals in Ohio.


text: FIGURE 2 Structure of the electricity industry in the United Kingdom. Electricite de France (EDF) is present because electricity can be exchanged between England and France. a Including some autogenerators. b Other small generators also supply electricity to ScottishPower and Scotish Hydro-Electric. c Comprising East Midlands Electricity, NORWEB, Eastern Electricity, SEEBOARD, London Electricity, SWALEC, MANWEB, SWEB, MEB, Southern Electricity, Northern Electricity, Yorkshire Electricity. d Comprising National Power, Nuclear Electric, PowerGen, Scottish Power, Scottish Hydro-Electric. e Comprising ScottishPower, Scottish Hydro-Electric. SOURCE: Department of Trade and Industry, 1994.


text:
I need to write SQL that keeps only the minimum 5 records per each identifiable record in a table. For this, I use
partition by and delete all records where the value returned is greater than 5. When I attempt to use the WHERE clause in the same query as the
partition by statement, I get the error "Ordered Analytical Functions not allowed in WHERE Clause". So, in order to get it to work, I have to use three subqueries. My SQL looks ilke this:
delete mydb.mytable where (field1,field2) in ( select field1,field2 from ( select field1,field2, Rank() over ( partition BY field1 order by field1,field2 ) n from mydb.mytable ) x where n > 5 )
The innermost subquery just returns the raw data. Since I can't use WHERE there, I wrapped it with a subquery, the purpose of which is to 1) use WHERE to get records greater than 5 in rank and 2) select only field1 and field2. The reason why I select only those two fields is so that I can use the IN statement for deleting those records in the outermost query.
It works, but it appears a bit cumbersome. I'd like to consolidate the inner two subqueries into a single subquery. Is this possible?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have some problems with the equivalence of definitions of orientation. I know two definitions of orientation, namely:
 - A surface is orientable if it contains no 1-sided curves (a 1-sided curve in a combinatorical surface $F$ is a curve such if $p^{-1}(C)$ has just one component with $p:F'\rightarrow F$ and $F'$ the surface we obtain by cutting $F$ along $C$)
Also there exists the following lemma: A one-sided curve is always non-seperating (non-seperating means that the number of components of $F'$ has the same as $F$). Can we use this fact? And why is that true? From my point of view one can prove this easy with contradiction,true?!
Now the second definition:
 - An orientation of a closed combinatorial surface F is an assignment of a clockwise or anticlockwise \circulation" to each face (really an ordering of its vertices, considered up to cyclic permutation), such that at any edge, the circulations coming from the two incident faces are in opposition.
Now i want to show directly that a surface has an orientation if and only if it is orientable in the sense that it contains no 1-sided curves.
Can someone help me with this question? Thank you!
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1 Answer
Assume $F$ is oriented in the sense of the second definition. Let $C$ be a curve. Wlog.(!) the curve runs along edges. The map $p^{-1}(C)\to\{-1,+1\}$ that maps a point to $+1$ if the "current" edge at that point is in forward direction of $C$ and to $-1$ if it is in reverse, is well defined (must be checked at vertices) and continuous. As each edge belongs to two faces and is differently oriented for these, ther exist both edges yielding $+1$ and edges yielding $-1$, hence $p^{-1}(C)$ has (at least) two connected components. Hence no one-sided curve exists.
The other direction is a bit more complicated if one wants to be formally exact, so the following is rather a sketch of an idea: Assume $F$ is oriented in the sense of the first definition. Select an arbitrary face and orient its edges. Extend this face by face to the whole surface by checking faces having at least one edge already oriented. If ever a conflict arises (i.e. the next step would orient an edge differently from an already given orientation by its other face), we find a onesided curve as follows: There is a sequence of faces between the conflicting faces that runs within alrady oriented faces. This also determines a sequence of edges (those that are shared by subsequent faces in this sequence). Join the midpoints of these edges to obtain a closed curve (i.e. starting and ending at the conflicting edge). Using the orientation given to the edges crossed along its way, we get a notion of "left" and "right" of the curve, which gets "flipped" by completely traversing the curve, thus showing that $p^{-1}(C)$ is connected.
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text:
This climate is ideal for people who can't stand or don't like the sweltering heat and those who like to relax on the beach in June or September-October, considering it an ideal time. Our dear children also feel much more comfortable in this climate!
Biarritz's unique climate
This natural "air-conditioning" effect in Biarritz is mainly due to 2 effects :
1 - Biarritz's particular location at the bottom of the amphitheatre of the Bay of Biscay, facing the Atlantic Ocean, which gives:
- The constant presence of a cool breeze circulating in the bay, even at the height of summer.
- The constant presence of the famous warm Gulf Stream current brings warm water from Mexico and the Caribbean's southern coasts. On entering the bay, this warm current is "stuck" here, unable to flow northwards. Thus, the Gulf Stream acts as an air conditioner for Biarritz while making the coastal waters extremely pleasant for swimming (for example, in southern Portugal, the water remains colder because the warm current never reaches it).
2 - Biarritz is "wedged" between the ocean and the southern Pyrenees:
- Thus, winds from the south rise towards the Pyrenees' summits, up to 3000m, where they lose humidity and go down to Biarritz while warming up (Foehn effect). Biarritz is therefore regularly swept by warm, dry winds from the south, which mix with the milder, more humid ocean breezes off the coast. The dry southerly winds contribute to the fact that Biarritz often has the highest winter temperatures in France, even at Christmas time.
The weather in Biarritz
- The weather in Biarritz in April: air - about +17°C, water - about +13°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in May: air - about +21°C, water - about +16°C.
The May holidays are always sunny, flowers and trees bloom everywhere, and temperatures reach +20+21. The nights are still cool, but you can sunbathe and start swimming in the gradually warming ocean during the day.
By the way, spring is the hortensias season in Biarritz. Flowers are everywhere, and it's absolutely magic!
- The weather in Biarritz in June: air - about +23°C, water - about +20°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in July: air - about +25°C, water - about +22°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in August: air - about +26°C, water - about +23°C.
The average temperature in the shade in Biarritz is +26°C in August and +23°C in June and September. Naturally, it is warmer in full sunshine, up to +30°C and more. But thanks to the humidity, there are always clouds forming, which, with a light cool breeze, makes these hot months as comfortable as possible.
- The weather in Biarritz in September: air - about +23°C, water - about +21°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in October: air - about +21°C, water - about +18°C.
In October, the average temperature in Biarritz is around +21°C in the shade. This is a time of year when people spend a lot of time on the beach, and it is the time of year when the French media tend to talk about Biarritz as the hottest city in the country.
About the rain in Biarritz
It doesn't rain often and not for long in Biarritz during the summer period, but it rains a lot! It is a tropical rain that makes you run very fast to seek shelter to not get wet in a second. But as a rule, an hour later, the sun comes out as suddenly as it left, and the city and the ocean begin to shine again. This is why Biarritz is bathed in greenery all year round and is famous for its lush hydrangeas. The vegetation remains vividly green even in July and August when Provence is burnt and dried by the sun.
Water temperature and purity in Biarritz
The water temperatures around Biarritz are pleasant and comfortable for swimming, thanks to the Gulf Stream, which carries the warm waters of the coasts of southern Mexico and the Caribbean. The water is much warmer here than in Portugal, for example, where this current does not occur. The average summer temperature of the coastal ocean waters in Biarritz is +23°С. Tourists bathe in Biarritz from early June to late October, and locals have no problem bathing in May and November. Another essential aspect, of which all the locals are proud, is the ocean waters' purity. Here, the water is constantly in motion; it travels and renews itself. The inhabitants pay great attention to the purity of the water. They do not bathe in most parts of the Mediterranean, considering that it is not clean enough compared to their hometown's waters.
The climate and oysters
The mild climate and clean waters of the Bay of Biscay allow oysters to reproduce and develop in ideal conditions for them. This is impossible, for example, in areas where the sea is warmer, and the water is stagnant. A few kilometres north of Biarritz, you will discover a real paradise of fresh oysters. And the oysters that are served to you have been fished only a few hours earlier.
The waves in Biarritz
The waves of Biarritz always offer a beautiful spectacle beyond imagination. Seeing it, some people dream of surfing, while others may be afraid. But Biarritz and the Basque Coast are lucky again - because here we also find beaches that are completely protected from the waves and where the water is calm and very welcoming. So, absolutely everyone will find their happiness here! For example, all children in Biarritz learn to swim directly in the ocean, on beaches where the ocean looks more like a swimming pool :)


English to Bangla Meaning :: confuse
Showing results for "confuse" instead of "confused"
গুলান, গুলাইয়া ফেলা, বিশৃঙ্খল করা, কুণ্ঠিত করা, বিহ্বল করা, এলোমেলো করাগুলিয়ে ফেলা, হতভম্ব করা
Confuse :
- গুলানবিভ্রান্তবিভ্রান্তবিভ্রান্তিকর
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Show English Meaning
Verb(1) mistake one thing for another(2) be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly(3) cause to feel embarrassment(4) assemble without order or sense(5) make unclear, indistinct, or blurred
Show Examples
(1) It's easy to confuse protagonists with their authors.(2) One thing that does continually confuse me though is people who get married more than once.(3) It's easy to confuse this prudent conservatism with adherence to principle, but that would be a mistake.(4) a lot of people confuse a stroke with a heart attack(5) I think I'm separate enough from this character where people aren't going to confuse us.(6) It is at his home that she meets this woman, who is to complicate and confuse other relationships in the book, and finally draw in on all of them a terrifying wave of scandal.(7) purchasers might confuse the two products(8) However, it would be a mistake to confuse sensible with safe.(9) the points made by the authors confuse rather than clarify the issue(10) As a progressive and an atheist, Christians confuse me as much as the next person.(11) People don't usually forget our names, or get them wrong, or confuse us with other people.(12) Campaigners confuse the issue with complex legal and medical argument.(13) You may feel the first of these tends to confuse the issue rather than illuminate it, and you may be right.(14) First, no one with half a brain could possibly confuse the two products.(15) Look closely at the editorial: don't they completely avoid and try to confuse the point?(16) It was the fatal mistake of the medieval church to confuse and confound the two kingdoms.
Related Words
(1) confuse with ::
সঙ্গে গুলান
1. bewilder ::
হতভম্ব করা
2. complicate ::
3. mistake for ::
ভুলের জন্য
4. confound ::
হতবুদ্ধি করা
5. flurry ::
6. blur ::
7. befuddle ::
বেহেড করা
1. clarify ::
শোধন করা
2. illuminate ::
Different Forms
confuse, confused, confuses, confusing
Word Example from TV Shows
Why would you want to
confuse and disappoint others?
Why would you want to CONFUSE and disappoint others?
The Big Bang Theory Season 10, Episode 5
Virtually impossible to confuse
Cheetos with Fritos, seems to me.
Virtually impossible to CONFUSE Cheetos with Fritos, seems to me.
Breaking Bad Season 4, Episode 3
I don\'t know how that sentence
could possibly confuse you...
I don't know how that sentence could possibly CONFUSE you...
The Big Bang Theory Season 2, Episode 23
The whole notion of marriage
seems to confuse you,
The whole notion of marriage seems to CONFUSE you,
Game of Thrones Season 2, Episode 4
It\'s easy to confuse
what is with what ought to be,
It's easy to CONFUSE what is with what ought to be,
Game of Thrones Season 5, Episode 9
English to Bangla Dictionary: confuse
Meaning and definitions of confuse, translation in Bangla language for confuse with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of confuse in Bangla and in English language.
Tags for the entry "confuse"
What confuse means in Bangla, confuse meaning in Bangla, confuse definition, examples and pronunciation of confuse in Bangla language.
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If Disney Ran Your Life
How Business Advising and Foster Parenting are similar
Disney Creativity Keynote Speakers
Worth a second, closer, look.
How Business Advising and Foster Parenting are similar.
Your love and affection for both are deep and real.
You work like everything matters.
And yet.
And yet there's a reality that's hard to shake off.
It is someone else's company.
It is someone else's child.
You care so much, and yet you must surrender to the reality that you do not have final say on any outcomes.
PS. Fostering and adopting are distinctly different. You can adopt a child you've been fostering, but the assumption in this example is that that never happens.
- • • • •
By jeff noel


Article News Two
The project is funded by the World Bank through the Municipal Developing and Lending Fund. It included selecting a new site for sanitary landfill that will serve the southern part of the West Bank (Hebron and Bethlehem Governorates). Moreover, it included conducting environmental and social impact assessment, geotechnical investigation in the two potential sites identified and a detailed design of the land fill. The project main output was as follows:
 - 1. Site selection report. Nearly 14 potential sites were investigated and two potential sites were identified and one was finally selected as the best alternative.
 - 2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including environmental management plan. Detailed survey on the main environmental issues of concern was analyzed. The likely impact of the proposed site on several aspects of environment such as biodiversity including endangered species (Flora and Fauna), surface and groundwater, landscape, topography, land use, etc. In the mean time the social assessment included assessing the impact of people's livelihood, population displacement, impact of scavengers, etc.
 - 3. Detailed design of the land fill site as well as transfer stations. Designs included landfill cells, related infrastructure, isolation, associated service building, electricity, water, roads, etc.
 - 4. Existing dumpsite closure report. A detailed report was prepared for the closure of the existing dumpsites after the completion of the new sanitary landfill.


text:
Interested in teaching Jewish Peoplehood basics?
An amazing resource for teaching Jewish Peoplehood.
Our friends at the The Center for Jewish Peoplehood Education worked with us to create this collection of anamated shorts for teaching Jewish peoplehood basics. The videos cover some of the core issues Jewish people wrestle with today including:
- Mutual Responsibility
- Collective Belonging
- Universalism vs. Particularism
- Israel through the Peoplehood lens
- Judaism as a Civilization
- The Challenge of Pluralism and Diversity to Jewish Peoplehood
Please watch these animated shorts and use them in the classroom to inspire thought, conversation and debate.
To download the free educational resources, curriculum, classroom plans and teaching tools that corespond to each of these animated videos, please visit _URL_


Story: Sexual health
Syphilis and gonorrhoea were a source of deep shame, embarrassment and denial in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the First World War, Ettie Rout pioneered a safe-sex approach to minimise sexually transmitted infections among servicemen – but others opposed her and tried to promote abstinence instead. From the 1980s HIV/AIDS brought a new sense of urgency to sexual-health initiatives, and condoms became a symbol of safe sex.
Story by Jane Tolerton
Main image: VD prevention poster, 1980s
Story summary
All images & media in this story
Sexually transmitted infections are diseases passed on by having sex. Sexual health means attempts to control, prevent and cure these infections. Approaches to stop the spread of disease have varied over time – sometimes blaming infected people and insisting on abstinence (no sex), at other times supporting infected people and promoting safe sex.
Venereal disease
Venereal disease (VD) meant syphilis and gonorrhoea. There was no effective treatment for these before penicillin became available.
 - Syphilis could kill people or make them insane. Babies infected with syphilis in the womb were often born deformed, or died before birth.
 - Gonorrhoea could make women sterile, and make babies blind.
Early approaches to venereal disease
Venereal disease was believed to be due to immoral sexual behaviour. Infected people were often too ashamed to get treatment. When someone died from syphilis, their family sometimes pretended that the cause of death was something else.
Information about sex and sexual health was banned, so it was difficult for people to learn about venereal disease and how to prevent it.
Prostitutes were blamed for spreading venereal disease. From 1869 to 1910, under the Contagious Diseases Act, women suspected of prostitution could be forcibly examined for diseases, then locked up and treated.
First and Second world wars
Many New Zealand soldiers in Europe during the First World War caught venereal diseases. At first, safer sex practices such as condoms were not encouraged. But from 1917, servicemen going on leave were given kits that included condoms, developed by Christchurch woman Ettie Rout. She set up a brothel in Paris where servicemen could have safe sex.
In the Second World War servicemen were given condoms – but many still caught diseases. Some American servicemen stationed in New Zealand infected local women.
In the early 21st century chlamydia was New Zealand's most common sexually transmitted infection. Before the mid-1970s it was unknown; many cases of what was then called non-specific urethritis in men would now be recognised as chlamydia. Many people with chlamydia have no symptoms, but it can cause infertility.
HIV/AIDS arrived in New Zealand in the 1980s. People infected with HIV could develop AIDS, which made their immune systems fail. At first, most people with HIV died, but since the mid-1990s treatments have kept people alive longer, and pills to prevent infection were introduced in the 2010s.
Many cases of HIV were in the gay community, and gay activists organised to stop the disease spreading and to support people with HIV. They encouraged people to have safe sex and use condoms.
After prostitution was decriminalised in 2003, it became illegal for clients of prostitutes to have sex without a condom.
How to cite this page:
Jane Tolerton, 'Sexual health', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, (accessed 25 January 2021)
Story by Jane Tolerton, published 5 May 2011, reviewed & revised 7 Dec 2018


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|Name||CDC: Compile D Code|
|Status||4 - Beta (fairly stable and complete, just needs to be tested on more platforms)|
|Short Description||Compile-D-Code: A single-file build script written in D, for any D environment, to bundle with any D project.|
CDC is a lightweight D programming language build script (and library) that can be used to compile D source code. Unlike Bud, DSSS/Rebuild, Jake, and similar tools, CDC is contained within a single file that can easily be distributed with projects. This simplifies the build process since no other tools are required.
// Accepts the same arguments as DMD dmd -run cdc.d path/to/source -ofmyfile.exe
CDC's philosophy is that D is a very powerful language and there's no reason to rely on a second language for a build script. By modifying the main() function, CDC can be easily converted into a multi-step custom build script for your project.
CDC's only requirement is a D compiler. It is/will be supported on any operating system supported by the language. It works with dmd, ldc (soon), and gdc, phobos or tango.
Without modification, CDC can be used just like dmd, except for the following improvements:
- CDC can accept paths as as well as individual source files for compilation. Each path is recursively searched for source, library, object, and ddoc files.
- CDC automatically creates a modules.ddoc file for use with CandyDoc? and similar documentation utilities.
- CDC defaults to use the compiler that was used to build itself. Compiler flags are passed straight through to that compiler.
- The -op flag is always used, to prevent name conflicts in object and doc files.
- Documentation files are all placed in the same folder with their full package names. This makes relative links between documents easier.
For more info, download CDC, read the documentation, and get started.


text:
Many of the output options allow functions to be included or excluded using symspecs (symbol specifications), which observe the following syntax:
filename_containing_a_dot | funcname_not_containing_a_dot | linenumber | ( [ any_filename ] ':' ( any_funcname | linenumber ) )
Here are some sample symspecs:
gprofto interpret the string as a filename, rather than as a function name. To select a file whose name does not contain a dot, a trailing colon should be specified. For example, 'odd:' is interpreted as the file named odd.
Note that there may be multiple instances of the same function name because some of the definitions may be local (i.e., static). Unless a function name is unique in a program, you must use the colon notation explained below to specify a function from a specific source file.
Sometimes, function names contain dots. In such cases, it is necessary to add a leading colon to the name. For example, ':.mul' selects function '.mul'.
In some object file formats, symbols have a leading underscore.
gprof will normally not print these underscores. When you name a
symbol in a symspec, you should type it exactly as
it in its output. For example, if the compiler produces a symbol
'_main' from your
gprof still prints
it as 'main' in its output, so you should use 'main' in


Latest News:
Beijing Sunny/Overcast 25 / 14 City Forecast
People's Daily Online>>Science
China installs large Antarctic survey telescope
(Beijing Daily)
15:05, April 09, 2012
Edited and Translated by Han Shasha, People's Daily Online
China's first Antarctic survey telescope was successfully installed at the Kunlun Antarctic Station during the 28th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.
The telescope, remotely controlled via satellite, can scan millions of stars in the Milky Way in an automatic and continuous manner. It can also search extra-solar planets.
Shang Chaohui, vice director of Chinese Center for Antarctic Astronomy (CCAA), said that China planned to install three Antarctic survey telescopes at the Kunlun Station. The first telescope was designed and built by Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology. And the transport control and data system were established by the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
As the largest optical telescope in Antarctic, its primary mirror is 68 centimeters in diametrical length with a 50-centimeter aperture reflector. It has all the features of the modern telescope such as pointing, tracking and focusing.
The first Antarctic survey telescope is equipped with world's largest charge-coupled device (CCD), which converts light into electronic signals to make a digital image. The CCD has a capacity of 100 megapixels. A single exposure can cover 4.3 square degrees of sky areas, which is equivalent to the size of 18 moons.
To make a real-time data processing and analysis, the telescope is also equipped with advanced computer system, which enables it to detect transient objects, supernova and other objects with gamma-ray bursts.
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text:
Many people think only of the tragedy masks when they think of Greek theater masks. However, Greek masks were not merely the solid, plain masks often used to represent the theater today. From the origination of the masks to how they are still used in modern productions of classical Greek theater, there are many facts about Greek theater masks that most people do not know.
Origination of Greek Masks
Participants wore masks during certain worship ceremonies and rituals for the Greek god Dionysus. The Greek writer Thespis originally covered his face in white lead during performances. Eventually, Thespis took the idea of wearing masks during ceremonies and incorporated white linen masks into his stage performances.
Reasons for Wearing Masks
There are several reasons why Greeks wore masks during performances. Plays were performed in large, outside amphitheaters. Due to the size of the stage and the positioning of the seating, many audience members were not able to clearly see what was happening on stage. Masks were used as a way to convey emotion to every audience member. Each mask was designed to show a certain emotion through the use of exaggerated facial expressions, which were readable by all audience members. This ensured that all audience members understood the tone and emotion of each character. Greek performers also wore masks because a limited number of actors were allowed on stage. Initially, one performer was allowed on stage at a time. Through the use of masks, different characters and emotions were established during plays. Eventually, three actors were allowed on stage. Also, there were no women actors in Greek theater, so men wore female masks for female roles.
Description of Masks
Masks used in Greek theater were made of plaster-soaked linen, wood or leather. The masks featured exaggerated facial expressions portraying emotions such as happiness, sadness and anger. The mouths were large cut-out or carved openings that enabled actors to speak loudly and clearly. Eyes were clearly drawn on the mask. Pupil holes were punched out so actors could see. Animal or human hair was often added to the mask as facial hair. Masks used to represent female characters featured larger eyes and larger mouth holes.
Finding Ancient Greek Masks
Due to the types of materials used to make the masks, authentic ancient Greek masks do not exist. The masks decayed over time. Fortunately, Greeks depicted people wearing these masks on vases and in drawings. Through research and extensive study, historians have pieced together what the masks looked like.
Greek Masks Today
Greek masks are still used in certain theatrical productions. Many modern directors feel that using Greek masks during Greek tragedy and comedy revivals is essential in capturing the spirit and theme of the play.
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images


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The 70-gun war ship Resolution, sunk off Sussex in 1703, recently discovered by divers on the seabed in Pevensey Bay, off the Sussex coast.
The site comprises a cluster of at least 45 iron guns lying on top of ballast material, other artefacts and timber hull structure. Archaeological investigations to date have concentrated on confirming the identity of the site to be that of the Resolution primarily through the recording of the ordnance and ballast.
The Resolution was built in Harwich between 1665 and 1667 and was one of only three third-rate vessels built by noted maritime architect Sir Anthony Deane. In 1669, the Resolution was the flagship in an expedition against the Barbary Corsairs and took part in the unsuccessful attack on the Dutch Smyrna convoy, which resulted in the Third Dutch War.
The Resolution sank during the Great Storm on 26 November 1703, after being blown across the Solent, striking the Owers Banks six or seven times before the crew was able to raise a scrap of sail and round Beachy Head. By this time the ship was taking on water, the hold was full up to the level of the orlop beams, and so the decision was made to attempt to beach her in Pevensey Bay. The remains of the vessel had been burned by French Privateers by January 1704.
The 'Great Storm' is well documented in contemporary newspapers and by Daniel Defoe in his work The Storm: An Essay, written in 1704. Other protected warships lost in the same storm comprise the Stirling Castle, Restoration and Northumberland, located on the Goodwin Sands, off Kent.
Substantial sections of the hull of the wrecked warship exist beneath a mound of ballast. This is particularly exciting as in situ preservation of shipwreck material dating from the 17th and 18th centuries is uncommon. Therefore, following further investigations, this wreck may have the potential to be of even greater archaeological and historical importance than is considered at present.
The Nautical Museum's Trust is the legal owner of the Resolution.


text:
This Ten Minute Evidence Based Dentistry Article provides an example of the implementation of the evidence based dentistry search process with trusted search engines, and identification of the best literature through critical appraisal to answer the clinical question on long-term success of posterior resin vs. posterior glass ionomer restorations.
Langas, Eleni E. DDS; Manoj, Mridula DDS; and Carreras-Simons, Kelsey DDS
"10-Minute EBD: Do Posterior Composite Restorations Have Longer-Term Success Than Glass Ionomer?,"
The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association: Vol. 105:
5, Article 4.
Available at: _URL_


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. One who embraces and assists in spreading the teachings of another.
- n. An active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy.
- n. One of the original followers of Jesus.
- n. A member of the Disciples of Christ.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A learner; a scholar; one who receives or professes to receive instruction from another: as, the disciples of Plato.
- n. A follower; an adherent of the doctrines of another.
- n. A Baptist denomination of Christians founded in the United States by Thomas and Alexander Campbell, father and son (originally Irish Presbyterians), aud first organized by the latter as a separate body in western Virginia in 1827. The members of this denomination call themselves Disciples of Christ, and they are also known as Campbellites, or simply Christians, the last of which names is more distinctively appropriated by another denomination. (See Christian, 5.) Their original purpose was to find a basis upon which all Christians could unite, and hence they rejected all formulas or creeds but the Bible itself; but their belief is generally orthodox or evangelical, including the doctrine of the Trinity. In general, the only terms of admission to the denomination are the acceptance of the Bible as a sufficient and infallible rule of faith and practice, and adult baptism by immersion. In church government they are congregational. They have representatives in Great Britain and its colonial possessions, but exist in the greatest numbers in the western and southwestern portions of the United States.
- To teach; train; educate.
- To make a disciple or disciples of; convert to the doctrines or principles of another.
- To punish; discipline.
- n. A person who learns from another, especially one who then teaches others.
- n. An active follower or adherent of someone, or some philosophy etc.
- n. Ireland miserable-looking creature of a man
- v. obsolete To train, educate, teach.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine
- v. obsolete To teach; to train.
- v. obsolete To punish; to discipline.
- v. rare To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles.
- n. someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another
- Old English discipul, from Latin discipulus ("a pupil, learner"), from discere ("to learn"); akin to docere ("to teach"). Later influenced or superceded in Middle English by Old French deciple. (Wiktionary)
- Middle English, from Old English discipul and from Old French desciple, both from Latin discipulus, pupil, from discere, to learn; see dekin Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"As we seek to become disciples of Jesus Christ, we should never forget that the word disciple is directly related to the word discipline."
"To fulfill the meaning of the term disciple, then, spiritual seekers need realistic attitudes."
""By martyrdom," the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council explained, "a disciple is transformed into an image of his Master …" (Lumen Gentium, 42)."
"Because a Christian disciple is above all a Christ-bearer, there exists"
"The disciple is bound by a grave obligation toward Christ, his Master, ever more fully to understand the truth received from Him, faithfully to proclaim it, and vigorously to defend it, never-be it understood-having recourse to means that are incompatible with the spirit of the Gospel."
"He spoke of some of the new Frenchmen, and at great length of Pierre Lou�s, whom he described as a disciple:"
"Wearing leather and chains, Yoda helps his live-in disciple, a talking Chihuahua, "feel the force"
"Therefore, every Koran disciple is bound to be a potential killer or be killed by a Muslim who is in fact a killer."
"We were hanging with her before her talk all in a circle around her feet as she smoked a quick one on the concrete steps outside; the word disciple comes to mind and asked what she would be speaking about."
"There are of course masters of Zen, and the disciple is brought toward enlightenment by exchanging questions and answers with his master, and he studies the scriptures."
These user-created lists contain the word 'disciple'.
All words of the poem
by Gerard Nolst Trenité
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse <...
Words in the Bible evoking biblical stories or with special spiritual meaning. Proper names have been reduced to the minimum.
who is this god person, anyway? (--Douglas Adams)
Significant WordsGuiding you on your path to Snazzibility
All my favourite words that I come across!
Another news story about words being removed from a dictionary before their time. See also the list of words added to the dictionary.
Vocabulary building for my quest of GRE 2013
just the next words that come along
Looking for tweets for disciple.


text:
top of page
This gif set is an ad campaign concept for Mrs. Meyers Clean Day. The assignment was to create something for a company based off of one word: sustainability. This set is a collaboration with Alexa Finkelstein and Michelle London. We chose to not let the gifs scream Mrs. Meyers, but we kept their product color palette intact and chose to focus on the environment through their products. The top left (by Bailey Kirshner) conveys the natural ingredients used in their hand soap: flowers, from Mrs. Meyers garden. The top middle (by Bailey Kirshner) represents their laundry detergent. The top right (by Michelle London) represents Mrs. Meyers taking from the environment, and giving back to it. The bottom left (by Alexa Finkelstein) represents their dish soap, and how the ingredients used does not harm our planet. The bottom middle (by Bailey Kirshner) represents Meyer's multipurpose cleaner, and how their products and the production of them has no carbon footprint. The bottom right (by Alexa Finkelstein) represents their candle line, and this is illustrated through a flickering leaf in the wind.
bottom of page


text:
Electromagnetic modeling of waveguide amplifier based on Nd3+ Si-rich SiO2 layers by means of the ADE-FDTD method
CIMAP, CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/UCBN, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:278 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-278Published: 4 April 2011
By means of ADE-FDTD method, this paper investigates the electromagnetic modelling of a rib-loaded waveguide composed of a Nd3+ doped Silicon Rich Silicon Oxide active layer sandwiched between a SiO2 bottom cladding and a SiO2 rib. The Auxilliary Differential Equations are the rate equations which govern the levels populations. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) scheme is used to solve the space and time dependent Maxwell equations which describe the electromagnetic field in a copropagating scheme of both pumping (λpump = 488 nm) and signal (λsignal = 1064 nm) waves. Such systems are characterized by extremely different specific times such as the period of electromagnetic field ~ 10-15 s and the lifetimes of the electronic levels between ~ 10-10s and ~ 10-4 s. The time scaling method is used in addition to specific initial conditions in order to decrease the computational time. We show maps of the Poynting vector along the propagation direction as a function of the silicon nanograin (Si-ng) concentrations. A threshold value of 1024 Si-ng m-3 is extracted below which the pump wave can propagate so that a signal amplication is possible.


What is Monero? [The Most Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide]
Updated on: May 4th, 2020
This content has been Fact-Checked.
what is monero
According to Monero's site: Monero is a secure, private and untraceable currency system. Monero uses a special kind of cryptography to ensure that all of its transactions remain 100% unlinkable and untraceable. In an increasingly transparent world, you can see why something like Monero can become so desirable. In this guide, we will see the mechanics behind Monero and see what makes it so special.
The origins of Monero XMR
Back in July of 2012, Bytecoin, the first real life implementation of CryptoNote, was launched. CryptoNote is the application layer protocol that fuels various decentralized currencies. While it is similar to the application layer which runs bitcoin in many aspects, there a lot of areas where the two differ from each other.
While bytecoin had promise, people noticed that a lot of shady things were going on and that 80% of the coins were already published. So, it was decided that in April 2014, the bytecoin blockchain will be forked and the new coins in the new chain will be called Bitmonero, which is was eventually renamed Monero meaning "coin" in Esperanto. In this new blockchain, a block will be mined and added every two mins.
Monero is headed by a core development team of 7 developers of which 5 have chosen to remain anonymous while two have come out openly in public. They are – David Latapie and Riccardo Spagni aka "Fluffypony". The project is open source and crowdfunded.
What is Monero? The Ultimate Beginners Guide
Image courtesy: Coinsutra
Special features of Monero XMR
So what is it about Monero that makes it so hot and in-demand. What are the unique properties that the CryptoNote algorithm gives it? Let's check it out.
Property #1: Your currency is yours
Property #2: It is Fungible
Another interesting property that it gains, thanks to its privacy, is that it is truly fungible. What is fungibility? Investopedia defines fungibility as follows:
"Fungibility is a good or asset's interchangeability with other individual goods or assets of the same type."
So, what is fungible and what is non-fungible.
Suppose you borrowed $20 from a friend. If you return the money to him with ANOTHER $20 bill, then it is perfectly fine. In fact, you can even return the money to them in the form of 1 $10 bill and 2 $5 bills. It is still fine. The dollar has fungible properties (not all the time though).
However, if you were to borrow someone's car for the weekend and come back and give them some other car in return, then that person will probably punch on the face. In fact, if you went away with a red Impala and came back with another red Impala then even that is not a done deal. Cars, in this example, are a nonfungible asset.
So, what is the deal with fungibility when it comes to cryptocurrency?
Let's look at bitcoin for example. bitcoin prides itself in being an open ledger and an open book. But what it also means is that everyone can see the transactions in it and more importantly, everyone can see the trail of that transaction. What this basically means is that suppose you own a bitcoin which once was used in some illegal transaction, eg. buying drugs, it would forever be imprinted in the transaction detail. What this in essence does is that it "taints" your bitcoin.
In certain bitcoin service providers and exchanges, these "tainted" coins will never be worth as much as "clean" coins. This kills fungibility and is one of the most often used criticisms against bitcoin. After all, why should you suffer if one of the previous owners of your bitcoin used it to make some illegal purchases?
This is where Monero comes in. Since all their data and transactions are private, no one can know what transactions your Monero has gone through before and neither can they know what was used to buy with your Monero. Since its transaction history can never be known, it also means that the "transaction" trail is non-existent. As a result of this, the concept of "tainted" Monero and "clean" Monero doesn't exist, and hence they are fungible!
Property #3: Dynamic Scalability
The bitcoin scalability issue has been a very hot topic in the crypto circles the past few months. So, to give you all a gist of the the situation, bitcoin was created with a self-imposed 1 Mb block size limit. In its early developments bitcoin didn't have any block size limit, however, in order to prevent spam transactions, the size limit was enforced.
Monero uses a free block size mechanism with no "pre-set" size limit. However, this also means that malicious miners can clog up the system with disproportionately huge blocks. To prevent this from happening, a block reward penalty is built into the system. This is how it works:
Firstly, the median size of the last 100 blocks is taken which is called M100. Now suppose the miners mined a new block and it has a particular size which is called "NBS" aka New Block Size. If NBS > M100, then the block reward gets reduced in quadratic dependency of how much NBS exceeds M100.
This means that if NBS is [10%, 50%, 80%, 100%] greater than M100, the block reward gets reduced by [1%, 25%, 64%, 100%]. Generally, blocks greater than 2*M100 are not allowed, and blocks <= 60kB are always free of any reward penalties.
Property #4: ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Resistant
Ok, before we get started, let's just get this out of the way. Monero is not exactly "ASIC resistant", but the cost of manufacturing ASICs for Monero would be so high that it simply won't be worth it. Why is that the case? Remember, when we said that Monero was based on the CryptoNote system which makes it distinctly different from bitcoins? Well, the hashing algorithm used in CryptoNote based systems is called "CryptoNight".
Cryptonight was created to build a fairer and more decentralized currency system. Cryptocurrencies which incorporate Cryptonight cannot be mined using. It was hoped that this would prevent the creation of mining pools and make the currency more evenly distributed.
So what are the properties of CryptoNight which makes it ASIC Resistant? (The following is taken from "user36303" answer in monero.stackexchange.com).
 - Cryptonight requires 2 MB of fast memory to work. This means that parallelizing hashes is limited by how much memory can be crammed in a chip while keeping cheap enough to be worth it. 2 MB of memory takes a lot more silicon than the SHA256 circuitry.
 - Cryptonight is built to be CPU and GPU friendly because it is designed to take advantage of AES-Ni instruction sets. Basically, some of the work done by Cryptonight is already being done in hardware when running on modern consumer machines.
 - There have been talks of moving Monero on from proof of work algorithm to "Cuckoo Cycle" (a different form of proof of work hash). If a switch like this does happen, then the amount of work spent in the R&D of Monero friendly ASICs would be meaningless.
Property #5: Multiple keys
One of the more confusing aspects of Monero is its multiple keys. In bitcoin, ethereum, etc. you just have one public key and one private key. However, in a system like Monero, it is not quite as simple as that.
View Keys: Monero has a public view key and a private view key.
 - The public view key is used to generate one-time stealth addresses where the funds will be sent to the receiver. (more on this later).
 - The private view key is used by the receiver to scan the blockchain to find the funds sent to them.
That's the general overview of the process.
The public view key makes the first part of the Monero Address.
Spend Keys: If the view key was mostly for the recipient of a transaction, the spend key is all about the sender. As above, there are two spend keys: public spend key and private spend key.
 - The public spend key will help the sender take part in ring transactions and also verify the signature of the key image. (more on that later)
 - The private spend key helps in creating that key image which enables them to send transactions.
The public spend key makes the second part of the Monero address.
The Monero address btw is a 95-character string that is made of the public spend and public view key.
This can be very confusing right now, but just keep this information in your head, and it will become clearer with subsequent sections.
What is the cryptography involved in Monero?
How does a transaction in a cryptocurrency work?
Every transaction has two sides to it, the input side and the output side. Suppose Alice needs to send some bitcoins to Bob how will it look like?
Transaction Input
In order to make this transaction happen, Alice needs to get bitcoins which she has received from various previous transactions. Remember, as we said before, in bitcoins, each and every coin is accounted for via a transaction history. So Alice can make the outputs of her previous transactions the input


KB0055: Import Data from the Affectiva Q Sensor
This article contains directions for importing data from the Affectiva Q Sensor which collects 3-axis accelerometry, skin temperature, and skin conductance. The data from the Q Sensor is stored in a.csv file and can be converted to a MindWare (.mw) file using the ASCII-MW converter, a tool available in all MindWare analysis applications and BioLab.
First, launch the ASCII-MW converter and select the file containing the Q Sensor data.
From the file header, we can see that the data has been sampled at 32 Hz and that data is stored in units appropriate for each measure. Accelerometer data is stored in g, temperature is stored in degrees Celsius, and skin conductance is stored in microsiemens (uS). These channels will need to be scaled to values between -5 and 5 volts for storage in the MindWare file. Set up the ASCII-MW converter as follows:
File Header
Channels 1-16
Press OK to complete the conversion. You will need to re-apply the scaling in the analysis applications to view the data in proper units. For example, in the EDA analysis application, you will need to set the uS/volt setting to the scale factor of 20 used in the ASCII-MW converter. Also, since the sample rate is 32 Hz, be sure to set the Block Size on the Rolling Filter to an appropriate value (when applicable).
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Robert J Lee > Net-TCP-PtyServer > Net::TCP::PtyServer
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Net::TCP::PtyServer - Serves pseudo-terminals. Opens a listening connection on a port, waits for network connections on that port, and serves each one in a seperate PTY.
The actual algorithm is simple, although the implementation looks a bit ickey.
1 Create a listening socket
2 Wait for the next connection on the socket (by calling accept).
3 Fork.
3.1 Parent process closes its copy of the handle (by calling stopio) then goes back to 1.
3.2 In the child process, we create a pseudo-TTY and fork
3.2.1 The child process runs the command by re-opening STDOUT, STDERR and STDIN to the pseudo-TTY's slave terminal and then calling exec; this does not return
This is necessary because the filehandles need to be exactly the same, and we get buffering/crashing issues if we try an open3()
3.2.2 The parent process closes its copy of the pseudo-TTY's slave terminal (using close).
3.2.3 The parent then repeatedly pipes the data between the pseudo-TTY and the networked filehandle until the exec()ed process completes.
3.2.4 The parent process then closes the pseudo-TTY (by implicit destruction) and the networked filehandle (by close), and exits.
Coping with terminal size changes
To set the size of a terminal, you need to call ioctl(), and pass the pseudo-TTY handle, the constant TIOCSWINSZ (defined in termio.h or termios.h - or on my system, defined in the asm includes and imported by one of them), and a winsize{} C-structure.
The TIOCGWINSZ (G instead of S) can also be used to get the size of a terminal. This is used to generate the structure passed to ioctl in the case of the pseudo-TTY running on a real terminal; see this code from IOS::TTY (referenced by IOS::PTY):
 sub clone_winsize_from {
 my ($self, $fh) = _USER_;
 my $winsize = "";
 if not POSIX::isatty($fh);
 and return 1;
 return undef;
The structrure of winsize is defined in termios.h as follows:
 struct winsize {
 unsigned short ws_row;
 unsigned short ws_col;
 unsigned short ws_xpixel;
 unsigned short ws_ypixel;
And the Internet tells me that ws_row is the number of rows, ws_col the number of columns, ws_xpixel the number of horizontal pixels across the terminal, and ws_ypixel the number of vertical pixels across the terminal.
After a little experiementing, this seems to work to create the struct, although it should be noted that this assumes that the struct has the same memory alignment as an array of unsigned shorts:
 my $winsize = pack("S*",$ws_row,$ws_col,$ws_xpixel,$ws_ypixel);
So that's what I'm trying to use (thus saving an XS C function)
The module still has to handle the TELNET protocol properly. In particular, the remapping of IAC and handling of TELNET escapes.
For now, we just send the command to turn off echo and linemode, which otherwise interferes with the UI (we also ignore the response, but this seems to have no ill effects so far).
Control characters (ctrl+q, ctrl+x) are coming in as 0x11 (17) and 0x18 (24); these seem to need translating into \C and the keycode for some reason; the translation is not being picked up through the pseudo-TTY. (For now I'll just use character codes in the code that uses this; they seem simpler to me anyway).
When the TCP connection is dropped, we don't currently SIGHUP. We may be able to do this by close()ing the master terminal, but it's probably better to send an explicit HUP signal as well.
# Don't make zombies when we don't wait for forks (see perlipc): $SIG{CHLD} = 'IGNORE';
Used internally in response to an incoming NAWS command
Takes the terminal as the first argument, followed by the number of rows, then the number of columns. The number of horizontal and vertical pixels can also be specified, but the default is to assume an 8x8 pixel character.
Takes a port number as the first argument, followed by a command and its arguments.
Listens for connections on the given port. exec()s the given command on a pseudo-terminal on the given port in a child process for each connection.
Does not return (but it could die if something really goes wrong)
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|Family/Household Reference Person Indicator (RPIP)This variable identifies the household member used in Census coding as the basis for identifying the relationships between usual residents of a household. Familial relationships are defined in terms of the relationship between the family reference person and all other family members.|
In the 2011 Census, data on the relationships people have with others in the same dwelling is mainly derived from question 5 on the Census Household Form, which asks for each person's relationship to Person 1 on the form.
Person 1 is the'reference person' for 94.2% of family reference persons and 99.0% of non-family reference persons. In the remaining cases, a more appropriate person on the form is chosen during clerical coding. For example, an adult is chosen rather than a child, or in the event of multiple family households additional reference persons are chosen.
For more detail on how family and non-family households are coded refer to the following data quality statements for Relationships in Household (RLHP), Household Composition (HHCD) and Family Composition (FMCF).
More information on RPIP is available in the 2011 Census Dictionary (cat. no. 2901.0).
Question 5 as it appeared on the 2011 Census Household FormData for this variable is mainly derived from question 5 on the Census Household Form.
A text only version of this question is also available
Back to Person classification


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You can insert a picture behind any Excel chart.
To create a static four quadrant background you will need to insert a picture into the chart. For this example I created a picture in a drawing program showing four quadrants, each quadrant a different color. Since the upper right was a positive outcome I chose green. The lower left was a risk quadrant so I chose pale red.
Next week's newsletter describes how to create a Four Quadrant – Matrix Model where the background matrix can resize itself when mid-points change. This is very useful for example if you want quadrants to show above or below average. Watch for the article, How to Create a Dynamic Four Quadrant Matrix Model with a Combination Bubble and Column Excel Chart
Pictures can be inserted as backgrounds behind an entire chart or behind the Plot Area. In this case, we want the quadrants to align with chart axis and mid-points so it is inserted in the Plot Area. To do this,
1. Use a drawing program to create equally spaced quadrants with the colors you need. (I've included a sample you can download as well as an Excel file showing quadrants you can color and then save.) Save the file as a JPG or PNG file.
2. Select the Excel Plot Area by clicking in it so the four handles appear at each corner of the area enclosing the balloon chart. You can also select anywhere in the chart, click the Format tab and then look for the chart element selector at the far left on the ribbon.
3. Right-click the edge of the Plot Area and select Format Plot Area.
4. Select Fill, then the Picture or Fill option. Use the Insert File button to insert the graphic file from disk.
The picture will extend to the farthest edges of the Plot Area. If you did not scale your chart's data and limit the X and Y axis to 100, then the mid-point for the quadrants will misalign with the mid-point of the data and axis.
Download an Excel worksheet with four color matrix you can change colors with.


text: ||Surface-constrained motion, i.e., motion constraint by a rigid surface, is commonly found in daily activities. The current work investigates the choice of hand paths constrained to a concave hemispherical surface. To gain insight regarding the paths and their relationship with task dynamics, we simulated various control policies. The simulations demonstrated that following a geodesic path is advantageous not only in terms of path length, but also in terms of motor planning and sensitivity to motor command errors. These stem from the fact that the applied forces lie in a single plane (that of the geodesic path itself). To test whether human subjects indeed follow the geodesic, and to see how such motion compares to other paths, we recorded movements in a virtual haptic-visual environment from eleven healthy subjects. The task was comprised of point-to-point motion between targets at two elevations (30 degrees and 60 degrees ). Three typical choices of paths were observed from a frontal plane projection of the paths: circular arcs, straight lines, and arcs close to the geodesic path for each elevation. Based on the measured hand paths, we applied k-means blind separation to divide the subjects into three groups and compared performance indicators. The analysis confirmed that subjects who followed paths closest to the geodesic produced faster and smoother movements, compared to the others. The 'better' performance reflects the dynamical advantages of following the geodesic path, as shown by the simulations, and may also reflect invariant features of the control policies used to produce such a surface-constrained motion.


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The Keyword
Could machine learning save this sea cow?
Dugong - Peter Shanks.jpg
Source: Peter Shanks (adjusted for clarity)
It's hard to imagine this adorable sea cow getting caught in a fishing net, or losing its home to coastal development. Unfortunately that's what's happening to many populations of large marine mammals around the world. It's urgent—sea cows are under threat of extinction.
Sea cows might be cute, but it turns out they're also really hard to keep track of. And keeping accurate data on populations is critical for conservation efforts.
For decades, scientists had to spend days peering out of small planes to count populations, which was expensive and sometimes hazardous. Dr. Amanda Hodgson of Murdoch University has helped to change that, using drones to take aerial photography of the ocean. But now that they can collect aerial photos remotely, there's a new challenge: how can they find the sea cows in 45,000 photos?
Try it yourself—look for the sea cow in this image, which you can click to get in full resolution:
Dugong - 30FWDF2F2_DSC2458.JPG
Source: Dr. Amanda Hodgson
Can't find it? Hint: it's in the middle of the lower-left quarter. Yes, that little gray smaller-than-fingernail-sized sliver. To see where it is, check out the image with the sea cow circled
Now, what if you had to do this manually on tens of thousands of images? It would really slow down research, and it wouldn't scale to other regions and other species of sea mammals.
So Dr. Hodgson and team decided to apply a little magic: machine learning. She teamed up with Dr. Frederic Maire, a computer scientist at Queensland University of Technology. Using TensorFlow, the free open source machine learning platform that's now been out for exactly one year, they built a detector that could learn to find sea cows in these photos automatically. (It's a little like the image recognition that lets you search Google Photos for shots of particular dog species, or sunsets, or whatnot—but much more specialized for this scientific task.)
The results are encouraging: an early version of their detector could find 80% of the sea cows they'd found manually in images, and they expect to improve performance over time. This suggests the approach may scale well—not only for sea cows, but for other sea mammals such as humpback whales and certain dolphins as well. Eventually if they're able to track these threatened populations on a large scale, conservationists have a much better shot at knowing how they're impacted by human activities, and where it's most urgent we protect their habitats. In a small way, machine learning might help save the humble sea cow.


Marcel Gimond
Marcel Gimond exhibition at the 'Château-Musée' of Tournon-sur-Rhône
Marcel Gimond (1894–1961) was a French sculptor born in the Ardèche region of France. Gimond first studied at the Beaux-Arts Academy in Lyon and was the student in turn of both Aristide Maillol and Auguste Rodin. Gimond was an influential Professor at the Paris École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts until 1960. He was uniquely invited to exhibit his modelled busts at both the salon and with the surrealists.
Garlanded with the Grand Prix National des Arts in 1957, Gimond, who was the son of a metal-worker, is considered to be France's last great portraitist or sculptor of the bust. Gimond is known for his many Heads and Portraits of Political and Artistic figures and his distinctive bronze busts are to be seen in numerous museums in France, Luxembourg and in the National Portrait Gallery, London.


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E47 - Connections to a network and social connections
 1) What is involved ?
This involves connecting a house to a public or private water network via a specific pipe, usually made of PVC or polyethylene. In the house, the connection can lead to a single tap or to a system of pipes with several water taps.
 2) Why use this means ?
Private connections are the top of the line service in terms of providing drinking water. In developed countries the percentage of the population with water service in the home connected to a main network is very high, especially in cities. In poorer countries only a small portion of the population can afford the cost of installing a private connection. In Nouakchott (Mauritania) and Port-au-Prince (Haiti), there are fewer than 2 private water connections per 100 residents.
Number of private connections in a few Sub-Saharan African cities.Source : World Utility Partnership, 2004
 3) Why ?
A private water connection is the best way to meet a household's needs for drinking water. It is often a goal of government and distribution companies because such connections :
- Improve public health : better quality water means better hygiene ;
- Make cost recovery easier and facilitate revenue for the local government or the distribution company ;
- Improve access for the poorest people to the service and increase security and safety of the supply ;
- Improve water demand management and also improve water conservation.
 4) How are they applied ? Different pricing policies for water from a direct connection
To install a private connection, you need to connect to the water distribution network pipeline. This is generally done by the local government or the distribution company, who will connect to the pipeline and run the pipes that will bring water to the house. They are also in charge of supplying the meter that measures the volume of water used by the household. The meter should be installed so that the quantity of water consumed can be easily read. There should be no constructions built or trees planted on the land above the pipes so that maintenance can be carried out on them if necessary. Installing pipes within the house, after the water meter, is generally the responsibility of the user.
Water pricing policies : (see also the specific files on pricing, BI to B8)
There are many ways of setting water prices. The main methods are summarised in the table below. The selection of the pricing policy is a very important choice to be made well before a water connection campaign because connections mean people will have to make payments, even if the price is most often much lower than those practiced by small, local private operators.
The system chosen has a considerable impact on poor families' consumption, because in many regions they do not have the resources necessary to pay for 20 litres a day, the volume that the World Health Organisation (WHO) judges to be the necessary minimum.
Table 1 : Types of water pricing systems.
Definition of pricing policy Description Advantages Drawbacks
Flat fee Unrelated to the quantity consumed, but it may vary for example in relation to the value of the property No need for a meter Provides no incentive for users to reduce their consumption
Linear rate (uniform) Every unit of water costs the same price Can be profitable (if the infrastructure is operating at close to its capacity) Poor users cannot necessarily decrease their need for water
Progressive linear rate Every additional unit consumed is more expensive Very effective for decreasing demand Can affect poor users dramatically if they cannot decrease their demand, for example large families
Progressive rate The cost of each additional unit consumed goes up incrementally (or goes down if there is a bulk rate) In theory, this allows poor households to remain in the lowest bracket (often referred to as the free subsistence bracket) Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Different rates depending on volume The price of every additional unit stays the same but it is different from user to user depending on the total volume consumed In theory, this allows poor households to limit their consumption and achieve a low unit price Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Source : WaterAid, 2009
 5) Main advantages and drawbacks
a) Advantages
- The price of water delivered through the connection to a public pipe is most often much lower than water purchased from water vendors or other small private operators.
- The high quality of water from a private connection reduces the risk of water related illnesses and those related to a lack of proper hygiene, such as dysentery or cholera. Sick people often cannot go to work or school, which makes a family's poverty more acute. A supply of good quality water can represent considerable savings for the State in public health expenses.
- A private connection cuts out the time that must be taken to fetch water from collective water sources. Fetching water takes time and energy that could be put to better use in more profitable enterprises and it often prevents children from attending school.
b) Drawbacks
- The cost of installing a private water connection is often too high for very poor families, and for this reason, government subsidies or other solutions, such as low-cost connections or condominium networks (see file A16) are necessary.
- The characteristics of the poorest neighbourhoods and shantytowns, often located on slopes, floodplains or areas that are difficult to access, including unplanned areas with a high population density, can provide real technical challenges for the local government or distribution companies.
 6) Cost
The price that a household with a private connection pays, as well as the initial cost of the connection to the distribution company's network, varies according to the town, the pricing system and the subsidies available. The investment required for a private connection can also vary depending on the distance to the mains.
In Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia) the rates increase depending on the volume of water consumed. However, the price of water delivered through a private connection is lower than water purchased at standpipes, for example.
Average cost in Birrs/m3 Private connection in the home (price varies according to the volume consumed) / shared connection / public standpipe / private shop / private water vendors
Price of Water in Addis-Ababa - Source : WaterAid, 2009
As for installing a private connection, the official charge is often smaller than the real cost of a connection. The following table shows the difference between the official rate and the real cost in Ghana and India.
Ghana - Official price for a connection / India - Total cost of a connection
Official rate and the total cost of a connection in Ghana and India - Source : WaterAid, 2009
Even after subsidies, the official price in these two countries (and in most developing countries), about 100 USD, remains prohibitive for very poor families, considering that the poorest populations often live on less than $2/day. In Addis-Ababa, a poll of 105 households in the town's poor neighbourhoods showed that 45% of them do not have private water connections, even though this is a town that is far ahead of Conakry (Guinea) Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) or Nouakchott (Mauritania).
 7) Low-cost connections
a) Goal
While connecting to the public network is often the best way to get easy access to water at home and have water at a lower cost and of better quality than what is available from water vendors (depending on the town it is 10 to 50 times less expensive), the cost of the connection itself is often too high for families of very modest means.
According to the UNDP, the average cost of connecting to water mains in recent years has been around $41 in southern Asia, more than $100 in Benin, Kenya and Uganda and $128 in South America. This represents from three to six months salaries for a worker in Kenya, two months in Madagascar and more than a year in Uganda.
The cost of a connection then constitutes the main barrier for these families to gaining access to a water network, all the more so because in addition to the price of installing the connection, there is almost always the base service charge for a water connection, similar to electricity or telephone bills.
Luckily, there are several ways to decrease the cost or to make it more easily attainable.
b) The main ways this is accomplished
- the most common way is provide simplified pay schemes. Public authorities, local governments or water companies offer low-income families the possibility to pay for their connection over several months, or even several years. Examples : payments made over 5 years in Manila (Philippines), 7 to 10 years in Tangiers or Rabat in Morocco.
- some local governments provide special subsidies or subsidised loans, sometimes setting up special funds specifically for this.
- other governments or associations offer individuals micro-credit.
As part of some large water capture projects and some OBA-type (Output Based Aid) international contracts set up in the context of a predetermined social commitment, the World Bank sometimes gives large subsidies in order to create low-cost connections.
c) Examples
- In West Africa, the CREPA (Centre de recherche pour l'accès à l'eau à faible coût, the Centre for Research on low-cost water access in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) has demonstrated the effectiveness of creating a fund to facilitate poor households' access to a water distribution network and particularly to help them bear the cost of a base service charge. This fund lends the price of the base service charge to the household and


text:
The volume equivelent to a cube of one centimeter by one centimeter by one centimeter. More often referred to as a Milliliter since it is a thousanth of a liter.
The cubic foot is a unit of volume used in the imperial and U.S. customary measurement systems.
The cubic foot can be used to describe a volume of a given material, or the capacity of a container to hold such a material.
More information >>
Cubic Centimeters to Cubic Feet
Mobile phone converter app


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The LNP_TEST function computes the Lomb Normalized Periodogram of two sample populations X and Y and tests the hypothesis that the populations represent a significant periodic signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise.
LNP_TEST is based on the routine
fasper described in section 13.8 of Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (Second Edition), published by Cambridge University Press, and is used by permission.
Result = LNP_TEST( X, Y [, /DOUBLE] [, HIFAC=scale_factor] [, JMAX=variable] [, OFAC=value] [, WK1=variable] [, WK2=variable] )
The result is a two-element vector containing the maximum peak in the Lomb Normalized Periodogram and its significance. The significance is a value in the interval [0.0, 1.0]; a small value indicates that a significant periodic signal is present.
An n-element integer, single-, or double-precision floating-point vector containing equally or unequally spaced time samples.
An n-element integer, single-, or double-precision floating-point vector containing amplitudes corresponding to Xi.
Set this keyword to force the computation to be done in double-precision arithmetic.
Use this keyword to specify the scale factor of the average Nyquist frequency. The default value is 1.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain the index of the maximum peak in the Lomb Normalized Periodogram.
Use this keyword to specify the oversampling factor. The default value is 4.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain a vector of increasing linear frequencies.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain a vector of values from the Lomb Normalized Periodogram corresponding to the frequencies in WK1.
This example tests the hypothesis that two sample, n-element populations X and Y represent a significant periodic signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise:
; Define two n-element sample populations: X = [ 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, $ 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, $ 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 22.0, $ 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0] Y = [ 0.69502, -0.70425, 0.20632, 0.77206, -2.08339, 0.97806, $ 1.77324, 2.34086, 0.91354, 2.04189, 0.53560, -2.05348, $ -0.76308, -0.84501, -0.06507, -0.12260, 1.83075, 1.41403, $ -0.26438, -0.48142, -0.50929, 0.01942, -1.29268, 0.29697] ; Test the hypothesis that X and Y represent a significant periodic ; signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise: result = LNP_TEST(X, Y, WK1 = wk1, WK2 = wk2, JMAX = jmax) PRINT, result
The small value of the significance represents the possibility of a significant periodic signal. A larger number of samples for X and Y would produce a more conclusive result. WK1 and WK2 are both 48-element vectors containing linear frequencies and corresponding Lomb values, respectively. JMAX is the indexed location of the maximum Lomb value in WK2.
CTI_TEST, FV_TEST, KW_TEST, MD_TEST, R_TEST, RS_TEST, S_TEST, TM_TEST, XSQ_TEST


text:
To apply automotive clear coat, apply the coat to the car, and overlap each stroke by 50 percent to prevent tiger striping. Continue until the whole car is covered. Do not rush; adhere to the paint manufacturer's guidelines for time restrictions after application. Ensure that paint application occurs in an atmosphere between 55 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Keep the leftover paint for any future touch ups.Continue Reading
To get a feel for the motion needed for proper application, practice applying the clear coat on a smooth piece of metal before clear coating the vehicle.
Optimal weather for applying an automotive clear coat is a temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit with no humidity. If clear coat is applied when the temperature is below 55 degrees Fahrenheit or above 90 degrees Fahrenheit, or when the car is located in direct sunlight, the paint appears foggy when dry. Painting should be done in a shady area, and if it absolutely must be done during cold weather, it should be done in a heated garage.
While time guidelines and restrictions differ by manufacturer, a safe waiting period between coat applications is at least 10 minutes. The car cannot be touched until at least an hour after the last coat is applied. The car should not be taken through a car wash, waxed or buffed until 30 to 45 days after the clear coat is applied. If an immediate shine is desired, wait a day after applying the clear coat, and place a hand glaze on the vehicle.
When storing leftover paint, first clear the nozzle by turning the can upside down and spraying until it emits clear gas. Store cans in a warm enough spot where they cannot freeze, and make sure the temperature where it is stored does not exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit.Learn more about Car Parts & Maintenance


text:
The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) Secretariat purchases goods, materials, equipment, rights, works, services, etc. from prequalified Tenderers on a sound and equitable basis, in accordance with applicable laws, the requirements of the Forum's internal documents, the highest ethical standards of business and service conduct and with regard for the total cost of ownership and benefit realization.
The GECF Secretariat endorses the competitive bid process as its preferred method of selecting Contractors. The following contracting principles apply to the acquisition of all goods, materials, equipment, rights, works, services, etc. by the Forum:
- Maintain an "open door" policy with free and ready access for Tenderers and Contractors;
- Do not engage in fraudulent practices (including accepting gifts or benefits from a Contractor or Tenderer and participating with such persons in entertainment of either an unusual nature, or that might be perceived as influencing the Forum's purchasing behavior);
- Do not engage in fraudulent practices, which include the unauthorized disclosure of information acquired in confidence during the procurement process;
- Provide equal opportunity to all qualified Tenderers to compete for available business;
- Concentrate business with Contractors who demonstrate a commitment to continuous quality improvement to their goods, materials and services.
Tender process by the GECF Secretariat involves the following steps:
- Prequalification of Tenderers where appropriate;
- Invitation to tender and issuance of tender documents;
- Receipt and evaluation of tenders;
- Contract award;