.
NPC Reactions
The reactions of most NPCs to the scarlet corsair are universally poor. Any law-abiding seafarer who's heard of the corsair begins with an attitude of hostile, which inspires zeal in the brave and fear in most others. Other pirate captains are simply unfriendly or indifferent, since the corsair is a capable rival, but potential crewmembers are usually friendly toward the corsair. A rare few folk are likely to idolize the scarlet corsair because of her reputation. These are often folk who either don't understand the way the world works and have romanticized the pirate and her activities or are of a proper temperament to become followers and cohorts.
Scarlet Corsair Lore
Characters with Knowledge (history), Knowledge (local), or Gather Information can research scarlet corsairs to learn more about them.
DC 10: Some pirates, by dint of their incredible notoriety, are capable of striking fear into entire crews just by showing their flags or other insignias.
DC 15: These buccaneers, called scarlet corsairs in sailor's slang, don't hesitate to use fear and dirty tricks -- not just to take what they want but to cement their reputations as cutthroats and monsters.
DC 20: If you see the skull-and-manacles of Adia Ironheart, or the black hawk of the Raptor of the Southern Coast, you unfurl your sail, put your best and strongest men at the oars, and make for the horizon.
DC 30: Most scarlet corsairs have a kind of brotherly rivalry going on. They consider only other scarlet corsairs to be their true rivals and equals -- everyone else is just prey waiting to happen.
Scarlet Corsairs in the Game
Any particularly infamous pirate in the campaign could qualify as a scarlet corsair. This is not the nameless buccaneer whose exploits confuse and torment authorities as they try to figure out who is responsible -- there is never any doubt when a scarlet corsair hits a target.
This isn't to say that all scarlet corsairs are known immediately. Many of them use pseudonyms as part of their identities, as well as outrageous, readily apparent dress or other affectations, if for no other reason than it makes it easier to have a quiet drink in a pub between exploits.
Sample Encounter
An encounter with a scarlet corsair generally takes place at the time and place of the corsair's choosing. They have eyes and ears in most major ports to allow them to plan just such attacks.
EL 15: Adia Ironheart is the terror of the seas. A notorious pirate and slaver, she is utterly without honor -- even those who surrender to her are seized and sold into slavery.
Those who find the nearly destroyed hulks that she leaves in her wake know that she was responsible, for over the ship's railing swing the bodies of those who dared to oppose her, clapped in iron manacles and dangling above the water by chains strung through the railing.
The entry for the scarlet corsair, like all of the book's prestige classes, ends with a sample NPC armed and ready to keelhaul anyone who crosses her path. So, with no effort on a DM's part, Adia Ironheart can sail the seas of any campaign world you might play in. So, watch out for the skull and manacles, me buckos -- she's a CR 17 encounter all by herself.
Recent Previews
Recent Articles
Terms of Use-Privacy Statement
Home > Games > D&D > Articles
You have found a Secret Door!
Printer Friendly Printer Friendly
Email A Friend Email A Friend
Discuss This ArticleDiscuss This Article


text:
Definitionssexual intercourse, as between a spouse and an unmarried person or between two married persons who are not married to each other.
3. To engage in indiscrimitate and/or promiscuous sex.
Etymology: First recorded in Middle English about 1300. From the Latin fornax, meaning oven, kiln or fumace, and from fornix, meaning arch, vault or vaulted room, from the shape of Roman ovens, later the arched underground vaults of Rome, and finally a brothel, because the Roman vaults were used by poor, unskilled prostitutes.
Add or improve a definition
form an attachment

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: If you and your partner are trying to conceive, it's important to keep the testicles cooler than the normal body temperature of 98.6 (98 point 6) degrees. Sperm need a cooler environment, around 93 degrees, for successful production. During the day, you can do this by wearing boxer shorts instead of briefs and not sitting down for long periods of time. At night, to keep your testicles from overheating, sleep with as little clothing on as you can. Avoid electric blankets, heated waterbeds, or other sources of artificial heat, and don't curl up into a ball to keep warm. Remember that the testicles are naturally located outside of the body to keep them at a cooler temperature. Preserving this cooler environment can help sperm production and eventually conception.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


No comments yet
TogetherChat Submits Report to BMHS
Participants at the TogetherChat submitted a report of their discussions to Baltimore Mental Health Systems. This report identifies several barriers to communication that exist between mental health professionals and minor-attracted people, including self-interest, media sensationalizing, culturally enforced secrecy, drastic and ineffective legal policies, inaccurate stereotypes, the silencing of minor-attracted people who behave responsibly, misleading paradigms used to understand them, adversarial professional relationships, derogatory professional language, severe stigma, marginalization, and fear on both sides. The report describes how improved communication would contribute to the prevention of harm to minor-attracted adults and adolescents, the well-being of children, increased understanding by mental health professionals, and more effective and just policies.
The report proposes a variety of interventions, such as workshops to promote honest communication between the two groups and a change in the existing paradigm, the creation of an infrastructure of highly visible mental health services, a review and revision of professional language, the organizing of informal meetings held around the country where both groups could speak honestly about common concerns, and the formation of a working group that would disseminate accurate information to stakeholders. The report also identifies possible obstacles to these interventions and ways of working around them.
Finally, the report outlines plans for a workshop to be held by B4U-ACT in late fall or winter, with support from BMHS. The proposed workshop would involve interactive sessions where attendees work together toward the following goals:
 - To define the communication problem that exists between mental health professionals and minor attracted people in society
 - To promote understanding of the harmful consequences of this problem, and the benefits of eliminating the barriers to communication
 - To develop mutual empathy among mental health professionals and minor attracted people
 - To help mental health professionals see minor attracted people as diverse in their characteristics and behaviors
 - To form a working group that would develop and carry out plans to promote communication between the two groups over a period of time, and on a larger scale
The full report can be found here (Word document).
Post a comment


text:
- a person or thing that terminates
- the line dividing the illuminated and dark parts of the disk of the moon or a planet
See terminator in American Heritage Dictionary 4
- One that terminates: a terminator of unpopular policies.
- The dividing line between the bright and shaded regions of the disk of the moon or an inner planet.
- A sequence of nucleotides that signals the end of transcription or translation and the completion of the synthesis of a nucleic acid or protein molecule.
Learn more about terminator


text:
Posted by James Briggs on January 19, 2003
In Reply to: The 'v' sign posted by alan on January 19, 2003
: Perhaps the most common British
phrase, even if it is not spoken but indicated by raising two spread fingers
in a similar fashion and meaning two the American 'one finger salute'.
: It is said to have originated during the Napoleonic wars when Napoleon so frustrated with the devastating effect the British archers were having in battle that he promised that any captured British archer would have his two firing fingers chopped off, in defiance the British archers stood on a hill and raised two fingers in the direction of the enemy soldiers and shouted F**k off thus connecting the word and the sign.
Although he certain origin is unknown, a highly likely basis takes us back to the Hundred Years' War between England and France in the 14th and 15th centuries - much earlier than Napoleon, by which time archers were virtually redundant! Captured 'English' archers who, it seems, were actually mainly Welsh, had the first two fingers of their right hand cut off so that they couldn't take part in future battles. As a defiant riposte, after felling a French soldier with an arrow, an archer would raise his two fingers, just to show that he was still in the game. The battle where this first happened was likely to have been Crécy in 1346.


text: A model predictive control law is given by the solution to a parametric optimization problem that can be precomputed offline and provides an explicit map from state to control input. In this paper, an algorithm is introduced based on wavelet multiresolution analysis that returns a low complexity explicit model predictive control law built on a hierarchy of second order interpolets. The resulting interpolation is shown to be everywhere feasible and continuous. Further, tests to confirm stability and to compute a bound on the performance loss are introduced. Since the controller approximation is built on a grid hierarchy, convergence to a stabilizing control law is guaranteed and the evaluation of the control law in real-time systems is naturally fast and runs in a bounded logarithmic time. Two examples are provided; A two-dimensional example with an evaluation speed of 31 ns and a four-dimensional example with an evaluation speed of 119 ns.


Jump to
Latest Headlines Wiki
share with facebook
share with twitter
Joseph Lincoln Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was an American journalist and one of the most famous practitioners of the journalistic style called muckraking. He is also known for his 1921 statement, upon his return from the Soviet Union: "I have been over into the future, and it works."
A better known version of his famous quote, "I've seen the future, and it works," can be found on the title page of the 1933 edition of Red Virtue, written by his wife, Ella Winter.
Steffens was born April 6, 1866, in San Francisco and grew up in Sacramento, California. He studied in France and Germany after graduating from the University of California, where he was first exposed to what were known then as "radical" political views.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lincoln Steffens."


Your question: Can I take my dog skiing?
No downhill resorts allow dogs on the slopes during business hours, but many are dog-friendly before the lifts open for the day. Things you should know: Downhill skiing is much more demanding on your dog. Start slow and make sure your pup can handle deep snow and fast descents.
What do you do with your dog when you ski?
What to Do With Dog While Skiing or Snowboarding
 1. Leave Them at Home and Ask a Neighbour to Keep an Eye on Them.
 2. Ask a Friend or Family Member for Help.
 3. Bring Your Dogs to The Mountain with You.
 4. Place Your Dog in a Kennel.
 5. Look for a Pet Sitter.
 6. Additional Tips.
How do I get snow off my dog?
Here's What to Do AFTER the ice balls have formed.
 1. Soak those itty bitty puppy paws in a bowl of warm, not hot, water. …
 2. With the snow on the rest of your dog's body, you can use a warm towel or a hair dryer on a low setting to melt off the ice.
 3. After removing the snow, those paws will be nice and dry.
IT IS INTERESTING: Question: What does on piste mean in skiing?
Is too cold to ski?
How do you cross country ski with a dog?
Teach your dog not to approach skiers. This is hard for social dogs, but you don't want your dog to jump in front of a skier while they are moving. While cross country skiing, teach your dog to stay on their side of the trail so they don't cut off oncoming skiers from the other direction. Follow the rules.
What could go wrong if I took my dog snowboarding?
If you take your dog skiing or snowboarding these are the bad things that could happen: Dog's leg could get sliced open by an edge. Dog could tumble down the hill. Dog could run off and get separated from you or lost.
How do you keep snow from sticking to dogs?
Applying Paw Balm – You can apply any form of paw balm to your dog's paws before he heads outside. Balms protect against the snow and ice, but also against any snowmelt and salt. It's easy to apply and will prevent snow from sticking to your dog's paws.
How can I protect my dogs paws?
Protect Your Dog's Paws from Snow, Ice, Salt
 3. Keep a Towel on Hand: When taking your dog out for a walk, make sure to wipe down their paws afterwards.
IT IS INTERESTING: How did downhill skiing start?
Can Snow hurt dogs paws?
Winter can be brutal on your dog's paws. The cold weather, snow, and ice can lead to cracked or peeling paw pads—and that can be painful for your pooch. Fortunately, you can take a few simple steps to prevent pad problems and keep your dog comfortable.
How many layers should you wear for skiing?
What temperature do you wear skiing?
For temperatures below freezing, think 10-15 degrees, you'll want a thermal shirt, sweater, and a quality jacket designed for snow sports. For really cold conditions, think 15 degrees below zero, you'll want to be well layered. Thermal shirt, sweatshirt, sweater, and a good jacket.
What temperature is good for skiing?
around 20 to 30 degrees F.
How do you ski with a dog?
Start slow and make sure your pup can handle deep snow and fast descents. Be ready to carry your dog if they are having trouble on certain terrain.
Gear Up:
 1. Bungee Leash: Though we usually keep Hilde off leash while skiing, we always carry a backup. …
 2. Insulated Dog Coat: Keep your pup warm and dry.
By ski


cypress french
Cypress French (Cupressus sempervirens) 100% Pure Essential Oil
BOTANICAL NAME: Cupressus sempervirens
SCENT: Cypress French Essential Oil has a spicy, herbaceous, slightly woody evergreen aroma. It is fresh and clean.
PLANT PART USED: Needles and Twigs
EXTRACTION METHOD: Steam Distillation.
ORIGIN: France
COLOUR: Cypress French essential oil has a pale yellow hue
NOTE: Middle
The Cypress is a perennial, conical-shaped tree that is about 28 meters (80 feet) high. It is an evergreen with dark green foliage, small flowers and round brown-grey cones with seed nuts inside. The wood is hard and durable, and red-yellow in colour.
Traditional and Emotional uses reportedly include:-
Aromatherapy uses include in massage, combatting excessive perspiration (particularly feet), haemorrhoids, menorrhagia, oily skin, rheumatism, and varicose veins.
Aromatherapists also commonly credit Cypress French with being a relaxing, nerve soothing essential oil. It has the properties of an astringent and has been used in skin care applications.
Cypress French blends well with Bergamot, ClarySage, Fennel, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Pine, Rosemary and Tangerine.
The Phoenicians and Cretans used Cypress wood for building ships and homes. The Egyptians used the wood for making sarcophagi (coffins), and the Greeks used it for sculpturing statues of their gods. The Greek word 'Sempervirens' means 'lives forever' or ever-living. The tree gave its name to the island of Cypress where it used to be worshipped. The legend says the cross of Jesus had been made of cypress wood and it generally seems to be connected with death.
Weight 0 kg


text:
A document discusses (1) a Monte-Carlo-based methodology for probabilistic prediction and analysis of orbital lifetimes of spacecraft and (2) Orbital Lifetime Monte Carlo (OLMC) — a Fortran computer program, consisting of a previously developed long-term orbit-propagator integrated with a Monte Carlo engine.
OLMC enables modeling of variances of key physical parameters that affect orbital lifetimes through the use of probability distributions. These parameters include altitude, speed, and flight-path angle at insertion into orbit; solar flux; and launch delays. The products of OLMC are predicted lifetimes (durations above specified minimum altitudes) for the number of user-specified cases. Histograms generated from such predictions can be used to determine the probabilities that spacecraft will satisfy lifetime requirements.
The document discusses uncertainties that affect modeling of orbital lifetimes. Issues of repeatability, smoothness of distributions, and code run time are considered for the purpose of establishing values of code-specific parameters and number of Monte Carlo runs. Results from test cases are interpreted as demonstrating that solar-flux predictions are primary sources of variations in predicted lifetimes. Therefore, it is concluded, multiple sets of predictions should be utilized to fully characterize the lifetime range of a spacecraft.
This work was done by Washito Sasamoto of Langley Research Center and Kandyce Goodliff and David Cornelius of Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc.


text:
Moving a turbine without any interfering veins? Only using smooth discs and adhesion with the air? The Tesla Turbine, made by Nikola Tesla, was certainly a marvel in its time. But this is no ordinary Tesla Turbine, but a Perez - Tesla Turbine.
The Tesla Turbine was made to be simple and elegant. Pressurized air entered through the periphery, circled about, and spiraled out of the center exit. And as it did it adhered to the smooth discs inside, pulling them and affecting rotary motion. However, the air, which had been following such a graceful path, would make a hard 90 degree turn when it exited the discs. The Perez - Tesla Turbine, available here, extends Tesla's design by using trumpet shaped discs, instead of Tesla's flat discs. This allows for an even smoother transition of the working fluid throughout the engine.
The axle mount for the turbine contains a fixture so that it can be mounted to a Lego Technic axle. Just blowing into the turbine, will cause this engine to rotate, though pressurized air can be used.
** Extreme caution must be used that this turbine not be driven so hard and fast, that it will disintegrate and pose a danger of flying shards. **


text:
|This article is non-canon.
This article covers a subject that has been deemed non-canon by either the author or the Harry Potter licensees, and thus should not be taken as a part of the "real" Harry Potter universe.
- "Students must consent to have their post checked for illegal contraband."
- —The Decree.[src]
The Educational Decree Number Forty-Seven was one of the Educational Decrees created by Dolores Umbridge, then-Hogwarts High Inquisitor. This Educational Decree required students to consent to their post being inspected for illegal contraband.
Behind the scenes
- As the numbering for this Educational Decree is not consistent with the numbering established in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, it cannot be considered canonical. Furthermore, in the novel, Umbridge had her Inquisitorial Squad open and inspect all owl post without any "request" for student consent.
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) (First appearance)
- Harry Potter: The Exhibition
- Harry Potter Limited Edition


17 Jul 2016
BA English Modern essay'Are Doctor Men of Science'by G.B Shaw
 George Bernard Shaw
G.B. Shaw, a famous Irish novelist, writer, reformer and critic, was born in Dublin. He was
called as a modern writer. He was awarded with Nobel Prize in literature in 1925. He was
also a famous journalist and had Witten many books-reviews and critical essays including
long prefaces of his own pay.
'Are Doctors Men of Science?' is an extract from Shaw s' preface to the 'Doctor Dilemma'. In
this essay Shaw is of the view that some men have God like powers over others. He satirizes
the doctors and laughs at the false pretentions of the medical profession. It is a famous that
the doctors are the men of science, but Shaw denies it.
Shaw proves logically that doctors are not the men of science. Doctors only cure the
diseases and nothing more. The business of the scientists is quite different that of the
doctors. The scientists invent and discover the things they also invent some new theories
while the doctors are quite impotent in this regards. He furthers his point of view by saying
that just as every captain of the ship is not Galileo; every draftsman is not Shakespeare and
every locomotive is not a miracle and its driver is not Stephenson, in the same way every
doctor is not scientist.
Doctoring is an art and not a science and it is not even the art of keeping the people healthy.
It is simply the art of curing diseases. In this regard their knowledge about science is no
more e than that of a lay man. The doctors practice their profession only to earn money and
they never make any contribution to science. The work of a scientist is creative one
whereas a doctor only follows the direction.
The writer justifies his point of view that even the quack and herbalists are doing the same
thing and they are making more money that a qualified doctor. Shaw say that the only
difference between a quack and qualified one is that the doctor has the authority to sign the
death certificate of the patient while a quack has no authority to do so. A doctor tells the
patient about what to eat and what not to eat. This same job is being done by the
grandmothers who also tell their sons about what to eat and what not to eat.
Important Points:
2. It is a wrong concept in the society that the people think that doctors are scientists
1 comment:
 1. Post writing is also a excitement, iff you be acquainted with then you can rite or else it is
 difficult tto write.


text:
from deep wells in of Bo Kluea District, Nan, has been carried out for many centuries by using traditional wood-based stoves. This study aims to improve thermal efficiency of traditional stoves, while tradition stove structures and salt making methods were maintained. The prototype and tradition stove were compared by thermal efficiency method. The tradition stove was constructed with clay. The prototype chimney stoves have been making from brick plastered with cement. The prototype chimney stove was insulated by filling rich hush in the gap of stove wall which has 3 cm. thicknesses and the end of the chimney. The stove can put 2 pans. Eucalyptus woods were used be fuel for testing the thermal efficiency. The prototype stove increases thermal efficiency approximately by 5.3 percents form normally 9.6 percents. This is achieved by using carbonized rice husk as stove insulating materials to reduce heat loss through stove walls. Salt production cycles are decreased by 25 minutes from 4.5-5 hours and the rate of fuel per day decreased 14-15 kilograms from 257 kg of firewood. Costs to improve salt production stoves 1,545 THB have a Pay-back period 107 days. The improved prototype chimney stove can help to decrease fuel costs and increase the salt production rate. This research is not only saving energy but also keep tradition of local living. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Ponglangka W.,Rajamangala University of Technology at Lanna
ICCAS 2015 - 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Proceedings | Year: 2015
The principle of the electrical capacitance properties to measure paddy rice moisture content is presented in this paper. The aim of this research is to design a low-cost paddy rice moisture content meter. Paddy rice was packed in a 600 cm3 cylindrical plastic container with the diameter of 9 centimeters and the length of 10 centimeters. The integrated circuit ICL8038 was applied to generate the frequency signal. After that, the capacitor in ICL8038 circuit was replaced by the cylindrical plastic container. Paddy rice capacitance was computed and applied to model the moisture content equation by using the second-order polynomial regression. The microcontroller (ATmega1280) was applied to calculate the moisture content and the calculation was demonstrated on 20 × 4 LCD display. Weight of each sample of paddy rice was 354 grams. The results of moisture content equation evaluated were 97.91% accurate. The examination results showed paddy rice moisture content was 97.83% accurate. The moisture content measurement range was 6% to 22% wet basis. © 2015 Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems - ICROS.
Intra P.,Rajamangala University of Technology at Lanna
Journal of Electrostatics | Year: 2012
A cylindrical triode charger for unipolar diffusion charging of aerosol particles was designed, constructed, and evaluated. The corona discharge characteristics were studied in this cylindrical triode charger. For the process the current-voltage characteristics were determined, as were the ion number concentration, the n it product, and the mean charge per particle as a function of particle diameter. The discharge and charging currents, and ion number concentration in the charging zone of the charger increased monotonically with corona voltage. The negative corona had a higher current than the positive corona. At the same corona voltage, the ion number concentration in the discharge zone was larger than the charging current for positive and negative coronas, with values of about 197 and 32 times and 645 and 99 times for the ion-driving voltages of 0 and 310V, respectively. The average ion penetration for positive and negative coronas was 0.64 and 0.19% and 3.62 and 1.93% for the ion-driving voltages of 0V and 310V, respectively. The higher flow rate, shorter residence time, gave a lower N it product. By calculation 14% of charged particles of 10nm in diameter were lost to the outer cylinder because of the electrostatic field effect. The charger does not use a sheath of air flow along the walls or the perforated screen opening, it has low diffusion and space charge losses due to the short column charging zone, and is a low complexity and inexpensive system. It worked as well as more sophisticated and expensive commercially available chargers. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.


text:
In this article we show you how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP, OpenVPN or L2TP protocols using Network Manager.
Setting up a VPN connection on Ubuntu is quick and easy!
Once you have selected your preferred VPN protocol (PPTP, OpenVPN or L2TP), please follow the configuration instructions as set out below.
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP
1. First, you will need to configure your VPN as shown in the screenshot below.
2. Next, add a new connection.
- 3. Enter your credentials and the server's IP address.
Enter any of the server IPs by logging into the VPN Control Panel and clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software." Copy and paste the server IP address that you wish to connect to.
4. If you wish, you can customize the DNS (Domain Name System). In this example, we're using the Google Public DNS.
5. Uncheck all except MPPE.
Please note: Do not tick "Available to all users."
Now you know how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP.
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using OpenVPN
– How to install OpenVPN plugin for Network Manager
- 1. Find the Terminal option on the left sidebar
- 2. Type: sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn-gnome and press Enter
- 3. Type in your password and press Enter
- 4. Type: "Y" and press Enter
- 5. Close Terminal
This is what your terminal should look like:
How to configure VPN
Navigate to "Home" and create a new folder, for example, "HMA VPN." The files you previously downloaded will be in your "Downloads" folder. You will need to extract both zip files into your new folder.
Next go to Network Manager, which you will see in the top right corner of your desktop. Click on "VPN Connections" and then "Configure VPN."
When you're asked to choose a Connection Type, scroll down, and click "Import a saved VPN configuration" and then click "Create."
Locate the new folder you created earlier. Click on TCP and choose a server that you wish to connect to, for example, Canada.Ontario.Toronto_LOC1S3.ovpn.
– Change your Authentication type to "Password with Certificates (TLS)"
– Enter your HMA! username and password
You will now need to insert the appropriate certificates into the fields by clicking on the orange folder on the right side of each field. You should have previously downloaded and extracted them from the archives. If you haven't, download the keys and certificates from the link below:
Once you have installed them, you can proceed to add them into the appropriate fields:
- – In the "User Certificate" field, insert hmauser.certonly.txt
- – In the "CA Certificate" field, insert ca.crt.txt
- – And finally in the "Private Key" field, insert hmauser.key.txt
- – Click "Save"
Connect to VPN
Now navigate to Network Manager, which is located in the top right corner of your desktop.
Click on VPN Connections and then click on the VPN server you configured previously. In this example, it's Canada.Ontario.Toronto_LOC1S3.ovpn.
You will see a notification that you have established a successful VPN connection.
Now you can check your new location!
Should you have any connection issues, type the following command into your terminal, and email the log to us:
cat /var/log/syslog | grep VPN
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using LT2P
1. Add repository and install L2TP plugin for the Network Manager by following these instructions:
- – Type in command: sudo -s
- – And enter your Ubuntu password
- – Add necessary repository with the following command: apt-add-repository ppa:seriy-pr/network-manager-l2tp
- – Reload apt-get with the command: apt-get update
- – Install L2TP plugin for Network Manager: apt-get install network-manager-l2tp-gnome
2. Next, select "No" for the x.509 certificate and click on "OK" in the next window.
- 3. Disable xl2tpd service on startup by typing in the following commands:
- service xl2tpd stop
- update-rc.d xl2tpd disable
Now we need to create a connection. Please follow the steps below:
4. Go to Network Manager > VPN Connections > Configure VPN
- 5. Select "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol" from the drop-down menu and click on the "Create" button.
- 6. Click on the "Add" button and enter the following information at the "VPN" tab:
- – Connection name: Type anything you want, such as the name of the server you're connecting to, for example, HMA!
- – Gateway: Enter the IP address or VPN hostname of the server you wish to connect to, from the VPN Control Panel. You can find it by clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software."
- – User name: Enter your HMA! account username
- – Password: Enter your L2TP password. This can be found by logging into the VPN Control Panel and clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software."
When you're finished, please, double-check your VPN settings and click "Save."
- 7. Click on the "L2TP IPSec Options" button and:
- – Check the box next to "Enable IPSec tunnel to L2TP host"
- – In the "Group Name" field, enter "HMA" and…
- – In the "Pre-shared key" field input "HideMyAss." Make sure you enter the upper and lower case letters as you see them here – as they are case sensitive.
When you're done, click "OK."
- 8. Now open the "PPP settings" tab and select the following options:
- – Under "Authentication", check only the "MSCHAP" and "MSCHAPv2" options. Leave the rest unchecked
- – Check the option "Use Point-To-Point encryption (MPPE)"
- – For "Security", select "128-bit (most secure)" from the drop-down menu
- – Uncheck all other options as shown in the screenshot below
Save the settings by clicking "OK."
- 9.Open the "General" tab and:
- – Check the option "All users may connect to this network"
- – Click on "Save"
You can now close the Network Connections window.
- Try connecting and check your IP address.
Now you know how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using the L2TP protocol, PPTP and OpenVPN!
If you require any assistance, please drop us an email.


text:
Kingdom of Plants
Availability: In stock.
Be the first to review this product
- Foreword by Professor Stephen Hopper
- 200 colour photographs
'Kingdom of Plants - A Journey through their Evolution' accompanies the stunning new Sky series filmed at Kew Gardens. Explore the wonders of the botanical world with this beautifully illustrated hardback book.
In the last 500 million years, plants have undertaken an epic journey that has not only spanned the ages but has altered the very make-up of the planet. It was a journey that began in a dark and barren world, and has culminated in a planet that is draped in rich colours, and overflowing with a diversity of mystifying orchids, exploding seed pods and snapping carnivorous plants. But plants are far more than just beautiful and bizarre.
Through the chapters of this book we uncover how plants first began to live on land, how they have become linked with a multitude of animal and fungi partners, and how ultimately they have shaped both landscapes and cultures.
Author: Will Benson
Format: 246 x 189, Hardback
Pages: 256 pp


While disassembling my printer, I found that the X-axis rods were able to be slide back and forth within their mounting bracket. This seems like it could lead to this axis shifting from vibration alone.
But, it might not matter, I think, because the extruder carriage is tensioned by a belt and it simply uses the rails as a guide to slide across. Even if the rods were to move, it wouldn't take the carriage along with it.
Will the X-axis rods sliding in their mounting bracket have an affect in print quality?
Here is a video:
If the x-axis rods only move in the x axis then there's no problem, but if they aren't firmly secured in the other axes then there could be issues. If they're able to move then presumably they aren't secured that well. Given the relatively small forces involved in 3D printing though, you may well be fine.
Your Answer


text:
Museum – established in 1868 – is the oldest museum in Slovakia in continuous operation. It was founded by an initiative of the Bratislava Embellishment Association and the Mayor of Bratislava – H. Justi. In 1923, the museum, as a part of the Scientific Institutes of the City of Bratislava, came under the administration of the municipal government. Since 1953, with the exception of _PHONE_ when it was a part of the Homeland Institute of the City of Bratislava, BratislavaCityMuseum has been an independent institution.
The activities of the museum are aimed at documenting and presenting the history of the city. The collections of an exceptional artistic and historical value represent the history of the city by way of archaeological findings, heritage of rich artisanal activities and industry, viticulture, cultural and social life, as well as ethnology, the history of pharmacy and numismatics. The focus of the museum is also represented by its individual exhibitions, some of them located in highly prized venues protected as heritage buildings.
offers its visitors nine permanent displays, situated mainly in the historical old-town centre. Outside this area can be found the Natural Cultural Heritage Site, DevínCastle, and the AncientGerulataMuseum in Rusovce.


Milagro Sativa oil
Hemp benefits, facts and MAINSTREAM: where does it all come from?
Hemp: where does it all come from?
Hemp and CBD products are now in the mainstream. They are available on the high street and from
online retailers. As more and more people recognise the benefits of these products, and as the range
of available products increases, there's an interesting question at the back of many people's minds
Where does it all come from?
Hemp: where does it all come from?
Hemp seems exotic but, in fact, it grows well in the European climate. Despite hemp's mainstream
with the cannabis plant, it has many recognised benefits, also performing well in terms of
sustainability and environmental responsibility. Hemp production in the UK is on the increase but is
still small, with approximately 1000 hectares currently growing – compared to 33,000 hectares
under cultivation across the rest of Europe, including France and the Netherlands.
Despite the small amount of hemp currently grown in the UK, production in this country is set to
increase. There is a steady growth in the understanding of hemp-derived CBD, and hemp has many
industrial uses too.
Hemp: where does it all come from?
This is not new: in the sixteenth century it was essential for making ropes and
sails, and Henry VIII made it mainstream for larger farms to dedicate land to growing hemp. Today, the
plants and seeds can be used in animal feed, and the fibres can be used as effective insulators and
building materials. Hemp fibres can be woven into a soft durable fabric too – the famous Tilley hat,
so beloved of cricketers and adventurers, now comes in a very fine hemp version.
Hemp: where does it all come from?
Currently, hemp grown in the UK is only rarely used for the extraction of CBD. Unless grown with a
Home Office licence permitting production for medical testing, hemp may only be grown in the UK
to use the leaves and stalks for industrial purposes. This means that CBD oils and other CBD
enhanced products for human consumption, currently come from other countries. Nearly all CBD
products for the UK currently come from the USA and Europe.
Hemp: where does it all come from?
There are signs that things
will change – earlier this year Lincolnshire based Bridge Farm was sold to the US private equity fund
Artemis Growth Partners for about $81m (£66m). Bridge farm is licensed to grow hemp for medical
research purposed and for export. While this has little impact on domestic CBD production, it shows
real confidence in UK hemp and CBD production and it may provide a hint as to future relaxation.
But change will be slow. For the foreseeable future, expect your high-quality CBD to come from
Holland, France or the US.
History mainstream facts and benefits
Europe and the US, however, are not the only sources of hemp or CBD. By mainstream, the six biggest
producers of hemp are China, Canada, USA, France, Chile and North Korea. Production tends to be
for mixed purposes, and it is difficult to be clear as to how much of the world's crop is primarily for
CBD. Many producers grow it for the fibres which make good textiles; it uses only a fraction of the
water required to produce a similar weight of cotton. Nevertheless, the global increase in hemp
cultivation does include increased production for CBD. At a time when the whole world's economy
needs a boost, the UK is missing an opportunity.
That's all about history mainstream facts and benefits.
Check out our Online Shop
Check our Hunstanton Facebook page


text:
Setting up Minimum, Maximum, and Re-Order point values for your SKUs will allow you the option of automatically adding SKUs from the same vendor as designated in the purchase order when their quantities are low.
2. Overview of Inventory List:
Step 1: Select the Inventory tab
Step 2: Click Refresh to display your list of SKU's
Step 3: Select the SKU you desire to setup minimum and maximum Re-Order Quantities for.
Step 4: Click Edit Selected Item
3. Overview of editing the selected item:
Step 1: Specify the Stocking quantities of your desire. Under the purchase order screen in an existing purchase order, AmberPOS will give you the option to automatically order a quantity equal to the difference between the suggested maximum and the suggested minimum at the moment when the total QOH of the SKU goes below the Reorder Point number. In this case, as soon as the QOH of the front display which is currently 70 goes below the Reorder Point which is 50, through a feature in the purchase order menu, AmberPOS will automatically order the Suggested Maximum (100) minus the Minimum.
Step 2: The default location is where the re-order quantity in Step 1 will be based on. Also, the quantities from the purchase order will be applied to specified location. In this case the location will be the Front Display of the store.
Step 3: Select Save Quantity Changes to finalize the changes you have made to the Stocking Quantities.
*Optional* When using package SKUs during automatic re-ordering, AmberPOS will order only the minimum amount of packages before your quantity goes above the maximum, and allows only whatever amount is in the package(s) ordered to go over your maximum. For example, if your current QOH is 0, the package contains 12 items, but your max value is 10, AmberPOS will order only 1 package and only allow whatever extra quantity is ordered in the package to go over the maximum which is 2 in this example.
4. Overview of Purchase Order:
Step 1: Select the Purchase Orders tab.
Step 2: Ensure the PO Details tab is open.
Step 3: Select Auto Add Items.
5. A prompt will appear warning you that the system will automatically calculate the items below the re-order quantity.
6. Should you desire, you can specify which SKU's to automatically order the quantities for through the query builder that automatically appears.
If you want ALL the SKU's below the re-order quantity threshold to be ordered, then simply select Cancel in the query builder.
7. If you selected Cancel in the query builder, you will receive a window as shown below.
** THIS SECTION REQUIRES A SCRIPT TO WORK, WHICH WOULD NEED TO BE CUSTOM DESIGNED FOR YOUR BUSINESS (CUSTOM WORK). Choose option 1 which is the default and prompt continue if you aren't pursuing this customer work.**
Step 1: The items below the re-order point will be automatically ordered.
Step 2: Figures out how much you are probably going to sell that month, and then it re-orders an amount based on the predicted value.
Step 3: Select the date to which the expected sales will reach for calculation.
Step 4: Select Continue/Calculate to complete your selection.
8. A window will appear designating the number of items that have been automatically added successfully.
9. There are three possible scenarios that can occur during an automatic order for the purchase order.
(Example numbers are used, QOH = Quantity on Hand)
If QOH ≤ 6, then 15 - 1 = 14
If the Quantity On Hand is Below the Re-order point (6), the order quantity will equal to the Max minus the Min, which equals to 14 in this example shown, your final order amount for the purchase order therefore is 14.
If QOH ≤ 6, then 14 + 9 = 23
If the Quantity On Hand is below the Minimum point, the order quantity will equal to Max minus the QOH. So the final calculation is 15 - (-8) = 23, your final order amount for the purchase order therefore is 23.
If the Quantity On Hand is positive and above the Re-order point, nothing will be ordered and your quantity of the Item will remain the same after the purchase order.
If QOH ≥ 6, then QOH stays the same
Article written with AmberPOS version 4.14.05.05


text:
The Many Types of American Parrotlets
Green Parrotlets: In order to obtain a green Parrotlet you have to breed out 5 generations or more to acquire a true green Parrotlet otherwise known as the Clean Green there are no other colors or splits present in this birds lineage. The advantages of having a Clean Green Parrotlet is they are used to create blue split, yellow split Parrotlets.
If you pair a blue and yellow Parrotlet this will in turn produce a green Parrotlet which will be known as a triple split and paired with a Dilute Blue Parrotlet will produce offspring consisting of four colors of birds which include yellow, blue, green and white all coming from a green triple split Parrotlet.
Amercican Yellow Parrotlet: was created by old friend and geneticist Rainer Ehrhardt. The method he used to create the bird was through selected breeding and genetic alteration. He is also known for the creation of the American White Parrotlet. Xtreem Parrotlets til this very day have an original American Yellow that was actually purchased from Mr Ehrhardt 14 year ago.
Blue Parrotlet: The true blue Parrotlet is a product of a natural occurring mutation. Most breeders include the blue Parrotlet due to they are used to create triple splits by placing the blue Parrotlet with an American Yellow thus producing the green triple split. They can also be used to create blue fallow Parrotlets and much more.
American White Parrotlet: The white Parrotlet has both recessed and dominant genes the dominant gene being blue and the recessive gene being yellow. The white Parrotlet is used to create a vast variety of different colored mutations.
Turquoise Parrotlet: The turquoise consider the Turquoise Parrotlet is the Alpha and Omega of Parrotlets. As all rare mutations cannot be created without this bird. The Turquoise Parrotlet is responsible for the creation of turquoise pied, the dilute turquoise, white turquoise fallow pied, creamino, turquoise pastel, the fallow turquoise and much much more.
For The Breeder As Well As The Family Pet
At Xtreem Parrotlets these birds are often used in our breeding programs. Without these mutations we would not be able to produce some of the rarest Parrotlets we have to offer. Also they make great pets. They love to cuddle, perform tricks and talk. They are great companion birds.
See More Xtreem Parrotlets


The Skrreea (or Skrreeans) were a humanoid species from the Gamma Quadrant. They were under T-Rogoran rule for eight centuries and were forced to work as laborers and servants. This ended in 2370, when the Dominion conquered the T-Rogarans, allowing the Skrreea to escape.
The Skrreea's ships later spread themselves across the Gamma Quadrant looking for the "Eye of the Universe". Haneek's ship later entered the Bajoran wormhole and she found herself in the Alpha Quadrant. Commander Benjamin Sisko told her she could bring all three million of her people to Deep Space 9.
Haneek identified Bajor as being Kentanna, the new home of the Skrreea identified in their ancient texts. She made a request for her people to able to settle there, although Rozahn told her the government had turned down their request. Starfleet later settled them on Draylon II. (DS9 episode: "Sanctuary")
Doctor Meron Byxthar, a sociological expert, observed life on the Skrreean communes on Draylon II as part of her work. (TNG novel: Losing the Peace)
In 2376, when settling the Europani on Bajor, Solis Tendren wished the Skrreea had been allowed to settle on the planet and farm the land, as the northwest peninsula was still underdeveloped. (DS9 novel: Cathedral)
Template image.
Appendices[edit | edit source]
Connections[edit | edit source]
Gamma Quadrant races and cultures
External link[edit | edit source]


text:
Quick Connect is a patent-pending technology that easily allows devices to connect without special network configuration requirements. Quick Connect communicates at the level 3 network layer. By establishing a direct connection at the IP level using a Quick Connect code, Quick Connect bypasses the requirement for networks to support mDNS and multicast in order to establish an AirPlay connection. Quick Connect codes are encoded connection information that allow two or more devices to begin exchanging information without additional discovery packet traffic. This means devices can connect across networks that may not support the requirements of AirPlay but are still capable of communicating with each other.
Depending on the configuration of your network, Quick Connect can even allow communications between VLANs, such as those used to separate student and teacher devices on a school network. Check with your network administrator to determine if layer 3 inter-VLAN traffic is enabled on your network.
For more information on using Quick Connect, visit this solution.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm pretty sure celery is 芹菜. qin2 cai4
I heard people referring to bok choy as qin cai as well, but I believe it was qin1 cai4. Is this correct? When I look up bok choy, it is 白菜 bai2cai4 which sounds phonetically similar to bok choy.
share|improve this question
what this mean pakchoy? what this mean bokchoy? Why? what the different pakchoy and bokchoy? – user3058 Jul 21 '13 at 7:06
4 Answers 4
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You probably mean qing1 cai4 (青菜). It is used for green vegetables in general, but is also used for Chinese cabbage.
现代汉语规范词典 has this to say: 1. 名 一般指小白菜或油菜。 2. 名 泛指蔬菜。
小白菜 is typically translated as Chinese cabbage or bak choy in dictionaries and also used like this in many places in China, in other places people often mean baby bak choy when they use 小白菜.
_URL_ has this to say:
Baby Pak choi, Shanghai Pak choi, or mei quin choi (Chinese: 上海白菜; pinyin: Shànghǎi báicài; Japanese: 青梗菜, chingensai) refers to greener varieties where the varioles are also green. It is simply a less-mature version that could develop into the white-stemmed variety with more time to grow before being harvested. In Shanghai and other eastern China provinces, it is simply called qīngcài (青菜; literally blue/green vegetable) or qīngjiāngcài (青江菜; literally "blue/green river vegetable").
share|improve this answer
芹菜 is celery.
小白菜 is not actually bok choy. The proper English name is "baby bok choy". Bok choy is a much larger vegetable that looks a little bit like a head of lettuce. It doesn't come in the form of individual stalks and one bok choy weighs a couple of pounds.
share|improve this answer
As theGoose mentioned, it depends on where in China you are. In many places 小白菜 really means bak choy and not baby bak choy. – BertR Apr 2 '12 at 7:46
bok choy in Mandarin (Northern part of China) saying is 小白菜 (baby bok choy). The north don't just say bok choy, it's always added a 小 (baby, little, small) before anything else. That's their culture of saying things than the Cantonese at the southern part of China. The Cantonese saying is just the two words bok choy or 白菜子. The 子 at the end means 'baby,little, small, tiny' refer to as 小 (baby, small) in Mandarin. Mandarin put the '小, baby, little' at the beginning of the phrase while the Cantonese leave it at the end of the phrase. It all ended up the same meaning, it just reverse it.
share|improve this answer
qin1 cai4 means 青菜 or 小白菜.
some people used to say qin1 cai4
I'd like call it 小白菜.
白菜 is bigger than 小白菜
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Work has begun to install a single wind turbine at Anglian Water's Sewage Treatment Works in March, Cambridgeshire.
The wind turbine, which will stand almost 100m high when completed, will generate enough electricity to power approximately 1,000 homes, and will reduce Anglian Water's carbon emission by approximately 2,300 tonnes annually. The installation will be 64 metres high to its hub, with three rotor blades each 35.5m long.
Once constructed, the turbine will stand at the same height as the nearby installation at Stags Holt.
Although much of the energy generated will be used to power the sewage treatment works, surplus power will be supplied to the local electricity grid operated by Distributed Power Networks.
March was selected as a suitable location for a turbine because it has good wind speed conditions, with an average wind speed of approximately 6.7 metres per second. It is estimated that the turbine will generate in the region of around 4,500 megawatt hours of electricity per year. Planning consent was granted for the installation in 2009.
Construction of the single turbine will begin with the installation of 15 metre diameter concrete foundations, and with the laying of an electricity cable to connect the turbine to the local grid. The cable will run along Creek Road, joining the substation at the junction with Estover Road. While most of the cable will be laid in the verge alongside the road, the highway will be closed for short periods of time when the cable is laid across the road, or when narrow sections are reached. Cable laying will begin on June 25th.
It will take about four months to complete the project, with the blades for the turbine due to be delivered at the end of July. Local residents will be informed about any road closures or diversions that are required for delivery, although it is expected disruption will be kept to a minimum.
Richard Peverell, Anglian Water's Estates Manager, said: "Energy costs account for roughly 11% of all of Anglian Water's expenditure, and the costs of energy are constantly rising. We're keen to explore any project that reduces our reliance on fossil fuels, and that can help us offset the impact of constantly rising energy costs on our customer's bills.
"Currently, we generate around 5% of the energy we need from renewable sources, and we have plans to significantly increase this. Last year, we generated around 46 gigawatt hours of renewable energy, which is enough to power around 11,500 homes for an entire year. Our target is to roughly double that by 2015.
"In the east of England, a changing climate is one of the greatest challenges we face. We're focussed on reducing our carbon emissions, and this scheme is one of several projects that will help us achieve this.
Anglian Water is working with ASC Renewables to assist in the delivery of the wind project at March. David Byrne, Managing Director at ASC Renewables, said: "We are delighted to be working with Anglian Water on what will be the water company's first wind development. The project reflects our ethos of generating sustainable energy without compromise. Both Anglian Water and ASC are committed to keeping the local community informed and would welcome any feedback on the scheme."
There are a number of wind developments in the surrounding area, including three within 3km of the March site, at Stags Holt, Coldham and Longhill. Additional development is also underway at Coldham. The new turbine at March Sewage Treatment Works will be the same height as these existing turbines.


Learn, Lead, Succeed!
Award Guidelines
The purpose of the Professional-Technical Education Awards Program is to recognize and honor exemplary professional-technical education programs.
Depending on the award applied for, to qualify for an award the program may be required to:
 1. Have an active and functioning local advisory committee.
 2. Be accessible to all individuals regardless of race, sex, age, culture, handicap, religion or ethnic origin.
 3. Be an active Tech-Prep program with a signed written agreement between the secondary and postsecondary institutions.
 4. Include student leadership organization activities as an integral part of the program.
 5. Cite specific elements of the program that set this program apart from other programs in the same field.
 6. Incorporate specific strategies for involving industry.
 7. Implement curriculum that aligns to PTE and State academic standards, and is maintained in accordance with the changing needs of business and industry.
 8. Have program staff engaging in professional development that is benefiting the overall program.
 9. Encourage nontraditional students to participate in the program.
 10. Be endorsed by the State Division of Professional-Technical Education Program Manager.


text:
Inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century that brings together multiple strands of creativity and innovation in both architectural form and structural design. A great urban sculpture set in a remarkable waterscape, at the tip of a peninsula projecting into Sydney Harbour, the building has had an enduring influence on architecture. The Sydney Opera House comprises three groups of interlocking vaulted 'shells' which roof two main performance halls and a restaurant. These shell-structures are set upon a vast platform and are surrounded by terrace areas that function as pedestrian concourses. In 1957, when the project of the Sydney Opera House was awarded by an international jury to Danish architect Jørn Utzon, it marked a radically new approach to construction.
view from the air towards the south east
© Commonwealth of Australia
Outstanding Universal Value
The Sydney Opera House constitutes a masterpiece of 20th century architecture. Its significance is based on its unparalleled design and construction; its exceptional engineering achievements and technological innovation and its position as a world-famous icon of architecture. It is a daring and visionary experiment that has had an enduring influence on the emergent architecture of the late 20th century. Utzon's original design concept and his unique approach to building gave impetus to a collective creativity of architects, engineers and builders. Ove Arup's engineering achievements helped make Utzon's vision a reality. The design represents an extraordinary interpretation and response to the setting in Sydney Harbour. The Sydney Opera House is also of outstanding universal value for its achievements in structural engineering and building technology. The building is a great artistic monument and an icon, accessible to society at large.
Criterion (i): The Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century. It represents multiple strands of creativity, both in architectural form and structural design, a great urban sculpture carefully set in a remarkable waterscape and a world famous iconic building.
All elements necessary to express the values of the Sydney Opera House are included within the boundaries of the nominated area and buffer zone. This ensures the complete representation of its significance as an architectural object of great beauty in its waterscape setting. The Sydney Opera House continues to perform its function as a world-class performing arts centre. The Conservation Plan specifies the need to balance the roles of the building as an architectural monument and as a state of the art performing centre, thus retaining its authenticity of use and function. Attention given to retaining the building's authenticity culminated with the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design Principles.
The Sydney Opera House was included in the National Heritage List in 2005 under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and on the State Heritage Register of New South Wales in 2003 under the Heritage Act 1977. Listing in the National Heritage List implies that any proposed action to be taken inside or outside the boundaries of a National Heritage place or a World Heritage property that may have a significant impact on the heritage values is prohibited without the approval of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. A buffer zone has been established.
The present state of conservation is very good. The property is maintained and preserved through regular and rigorous repair and conservation programmes. The management system of the Sydney Opera House takes into account a wide range of measures provided under planning and heritage legislation and policies of both the Australian Government and the New South Wales Government. The Management Plan for the Sydney Opera House, the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design Principles together provide the policy framework for the conservation and management of the Sydney Opera House.
A major cultural centre for Sydney and its siting at Bennelong Point had been discussed since the 1940s. In 1956 the New South Wales Government called an open-ended international design competition and appointed an independent jury, rather than commissioning a local firm. The competition brief provided broad specifications to attract the best design talent in the world; it did not specify design parameters or set a cost limit. The main requirement of the competition brief was a design for a dual function building with two performance halls.
The competition generated enormous interest in Australia and overseas. The New South Wales Government's decision to commission Jørn Utzon as the sole architect was unexpected, bold and visionary. There was scepticism as to whether the structure could be built given Utzon's limited experience, the rudimentary and unique design concept and the absence of any engineering advice. The competition drawings were largely diagrammatic, the design had not been fully costed and neither Utzon nor the jury had consulted a structural engineer. Utzon's design concept included unprecedented architectural forms and demanded solutions that required new technologies and materials. The New South Wales Government also faced public pressure to select an Australian architect.
The Sydney Opera House is often thought of as being constructed in three stages and this is useful in understanding the history of the three key elements of its architectural composition: the podium (stage 1: 1958–1961), the vaulted shells (stage 2: 1962–1967) and the glass walls and interiors (stage 3: 1967–1973). Architect Jørn Utzon conceived the overall design and supervised the construction of the podium and the vaulted shells. The glass walls and interiors were designed and their construction supervised by architect Peter Hall supported by Lionel Todd and David Littlemore in conjunction with the then New South Wales Government Architect, Ted Farmer. Peter Hall was in conversation with Utzon on various aspects of the design for at least eighteen months following his departure. Ove Arup & Partners provided the engineering expertise for all three stages of construction.
Design and construction were closely intertwined. Utzon's unique design together with his radical approach to the construction of the building fostered an exceptional collaborative and innovative environment. His collaborative model marked a break from conventional architectural practice at the time. The design solution and construction of the shell structure took eight years to complete and the development of the special ceramic tiles for the shells took over three years. The Sydney Opera House became a testing laboratory and a vast, open-air pre-casting factory.
The Sydney Opera House took sixteen years to build; this was six years longer than scheduled and ten times more than its original estimated cost. On 20 October 1973 the Sydney Opera House was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. After inauguration, new works were undertaken over time. Between 1986 and 1988 the land approach and forecourt were reconstructed and the lower concourse developed under the supervision of the then New South Wales Government Architect, Andrew Andersons, with contributions by Peter Hall.
Between 1998 and 1999 the recording and rehearsal room was converted into two areas: an assembly area for the orchestra and the Studio, a revitalised performance space for the presentation of innovative music and performing arts. In 1998, in accordance with the celebration of the 25th anniversary of inauguration, the Sydney Opera House Trust appointed Sydney architect Richard Johnson to advise on future development of the site and to establish planning principles. Through Johnson, the Sydney Opera House Trust began negotiations to reconcile with Utzon and to re-engage him with the building in an advisory capacity. In 1999 Utzon formally accepted Premier Carr's invitation to re-engage with the project by setting down design principles that outline his vision for the building and explain the principles behind his design. Over three years he worked with his architect son and business partner, Jan Utzon, and Richard Johnson to draw up his design principles for the Sydney Opera House, including the refurbishment of the reception hall, construction of the western loggia, exploration of options for improving the Concert Hall acoustics, improving services to the forecourt to support performances, modification of the orchestra pit and interior of the Opera Theatre. In 2002 The Sydney Opera House Trust released the Utzon Design Principles. In 2004 refurbishment of the Utzon Room (formerly known as the reception hall) was completed. Source: Advisory Body Evaluation


Functional testing might answer questions like: what temperature chilled water is being provided when the outside air temperature is 30°F, 40°F, etc. The inputs to the controls are overridden or simulated in order to document the system's response.
An energy audit focuses on measures that if implemented, will save energy. Many of these measures involve purchasing and installing new capital equipment, such as new chillers, pumps or boilers. RCx focuses on how the existing equipment is controlled. RCx measures are mostly repairing, recalibrating and reprogramming controls and control devices such as temperature sensors and damper actuators. RCx measures are typically inexpensive to implement and typically offer simple paybacks of two years or less.
An RCx study is typically more expensive than an energy audit, however, when you combine the cost of the RCx study with the cost to implement the measures identified in the report, you will find that RCx is typically less expensive than energy audits, as energy audit measures often have longer paybacks.


text:
Now that we have a better idea of what a space is and what linear independence is, we can expand our definition to a span.
A span just describes the space reachable by linear combinations of some given vectors. In fact, it is the set of all vectors reachable by linear combinations of vectors in the span.
What makes this slightly annoying to think about is that that a span describes an infinite set and infinite sets are a little hard to reason about.
But if we think about it geometrically, it is actually a case that we have seen before. Say for instance we have the following vectors in 2D space:
The span of these two vectors is all of 2D space. The reason for that is that you can give me any 2D point and I can tell you two scalar multiples of these two vectors that will give you that point.
For example, say you wanted the point ; I could say, well, is really just
Now, what if you had the vectors and. These two vectors are not linearly dependent. Can we reach any point in 2D space using just combinations of those two? What about?
The answer, if you look at the diagram is that, yes, you can. I can take and ; adding both gives me
What if I have the vectors and?
The answer by the diagram is that you cannot. The two vectors are parallel and so it is impossible to combine them in such a way to make
In fact, because of the fact that we cannot reach that vector (or any other vector outside of that line), the we can only say that the span of those two vectors is the line defined by
Of course, you can generalize to higher dimensions, for instance, the span of three vectors may be all of 3D space, or it might only be a plane if there was a linear dependence amongst the vectors.


Comparative Essay Ransom And On The Waterfront Year 11 Essay
943 words - 4 pages
Leadership often highlights how characters get to where they are by embracing their own values. In the novel 'Ransom', written by David Malouf, which takes place during the Trojan War as described in the Illiad, Malouf demonstrates how the king of Troy, Priam, transgresses and becomes more aware of what he is meant to do through recognition of what is necessary, as shown when he takes upon himself to get his son's body back. In comparison, Elia Kazan's film, 'On the Waterfront', explores the conflicts faced by ex-prize fighter, Terry Malloy, as he learns that he needs to fight for what is right, in order to prove a point to those around him. Although these stories are set in separate places and periods of time, both explore how one, to be a true selfless leader, should be able to stand up for what they believe against all odds. However, while 'Ransom' and 'On the Waterfront' show how characters embrace themselves and take action, both also exposes how the reverse isn't true, where characters that have come into power their own way can be in conflict with their own followers, which can lead to disapproval and even rejection.
By being able to fight for their goals they believe in, one shows a sign of confidence and morality, setting them up to be a figurehead for change. Ransom and Invictus both show how the power of self-awareness can drive an individual's will further to achieve what they want. The death of Hector in the first scenes of 'Ransom' presents Priam a chance to carry out the treacherous task of ransoming his son's body without assistance, reflecting the nature of justice. Although a king and a beloved one at that, Priam recognises the futility of just being a 'ceremonial figurehead', 'to others, great Priam. But only because they have never really looked at [him]'. A similar uncertainty in what one is supposed to do is demonstrated in Kazan's film, 'On The Waterfront', with its opening scene showing Terry shocked at the fact that a man has just been murdered, a death that he played a part in unwillingly. Kazan presents Terry's distress through a medium shot of him and his _____, which contrasts how shell-shocked Terry is, who says very few words during the aftermath of Joey's death, considering that 'he wasn't a bad kid, that Joey', to the casual behaviour of Johnny Friendly's men, who laugh at Joey being a 'canary'. This scene provides viewers with information that hints at how Terry is not comfortable with being one of Johnny's men, his values in conflict especially when his brother Charley totally submits himself to Friendly. In addition, Malouf details how after Pr...
bigbangtheoryessay on about the beginning and end - year 11 - essay
Essay on the Assassination of JFK - Year 11 - Essay
Comparative Essay on The Truman Show - English - Essay
1720 words - 7 pages Free guards intended for them as due to the chains, the prisoners could not move for themselves. The guards are "playing god" in a sense here because they have been controlling the prisoners and making all decisions for the prisoners. They control what the prisoners can or cannot do, what they see, and if they live or not. By taking on this role, the guards decide to have the prisoners "heads held by the chains so that they must sit facing the back wall
The Authenticity of Homer's Illiad - Year 11 - Essay
Comparative Essay of L'Amant and L'Africain - French Literature - Comparative Essay
1528 words - 7 pages, despite the fact that they are impoverished. However, for the same reason, her family experiences isolation due to the difference of their skin colour from the majority of the population surrounding them. The fifteen-year-old protagonist escapes this isolation and dissimilitude as she develops a sexual relationship with a significantly older and wealthier man from China as she crosses L'Écriture Migrant Comparative Essay Neshann Lacuesta the Mekong
production possibilities curves - Year 11 - Essay
The Prince and Julius Caesar Comparative Study - SSCBWB - Essay
1036 words - 5 pages allegory of the ensuing chaos and social instability that arise as consequences of a quest for power, one that is driven by political pragmatism and expediency. A comparative study demonstrates how the intertextual perspective on leadership and other political values and attitudes are inherently shaped by their social contexts. Machiavelli, in The Prince, emphasises that leaders must rule with political expediency and an abandonment of morals to
1010 words - 5 pages Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo's plot against Prospero. Shakespeare demonstrates Prospero's controlling nature in a number of different ways including the controlling love he has for his daughter Miranda and the possessive nature in which he treats Caliban but most importantly the effects of power are shown through Prospero's ability to control people through his magic. These effects are explicitly shown through Prospero's reflection on his plans
comparative essay on ext4 and nfts file system - university of westminster - essay
407 words - 2 pages file would be saved locally on a NTFS file system where the remote file system is EXT4 and the protocol between the local machine and the remote machine is via CIFS. Critically comparing does NOT mean just covering one whole section on one file system in isolation and then covering another in isolation. It means comparing all of them in conjunction with one another for a specific category or criteria. Marks will be awarded for quality and depth of


text:
Table of contentsNo headers
Toposurface subregions are areas that you sketch inside existing toposurfaces. For example, you can use subregions to draw parking lots on a graded surface, roads, or islands. Creating a subregion does not result in separate surfaces. It merely defines an area of the surface where you can apply a different set of properties, such as material.
To create a subregion
- Open a site plan that displays a toposurface.
- Click Site tabModel Site panel (Subregion).
Revit LT enters sketch mode.
- Click (Pick Lines) or use other sketch tools to create a subregion on the toposurface.
To modify subregion boundaries
- Select the subregion.
- Click Modify | Topography tab Subregion panel (Edit Boundary).
- Click (Pick Lines) or use other sketch tools to modify the subregion on the toposurface.
The following image shows a toposurface that has a subregion, shown in gray.


text:
Living history celebration explores secret behind Powder Valley Nature Center name
St. Louis — Just what is in a name? Today, Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center in Kirkwood is an ideal place to peacefully enjoy nature.
But the origins of its name come from war.
As part of the Nature Center's year-long 20th anniversary celebration, Powder Valley will present a living history weekend Friday and Saturday, May 13 and 14, for a special two-day program called "Blast to the Past: A History Festival". Visitors will explore the history behind the Powder Valley name and enjoy a fascinating and educational glimpse into the past of the area.
"Although we've only been here 20 years," said Assistant Nature Center Manager Catherine McGrane, "this land has its own history."
The powder was gunpowder. The "valley" was a series of caves that once existed under what is now I-270. According to McGrane, during the Civil War, Federal forces stockpiled gunpowder in the caves to use in blowing up bridges should the Confederate army attempt to invade St. Louis by way of the Meramec River.
The celebration begins Friday night from 7 to 9 p.m. with presentations by three first-person interpreters, each representing a different Civil War-era perspective: a Union soldier, Confederate soldier and a slave. A reception will follow the program allowing visitors to talk with each interpreter.
McGrane thinks it will be an ideal way to get a feel for what people were really like back then. "It's one thing to stand and talk about it," said McGrane, "it's another thing to become the person. Your audience can relate better and be more passionate about it."
The exploration of the past continues on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. with events at both the Nature Center and nearby Emmenegger Nature Park. A free shuttle will allow guests to park at either site and visit both.
A variety of historic crafts will be demonstrated such as candle making, storytelling, wood carving and fire starting. Civil War re-enactors will be encamped at Emmenegger Nature Park. Local historian and musician Dee Ban will perform and interpret 19th-century music. A Civil War doctor will display medical instruments of the era. Participants will even have a chance to try their hand at historical skills like archery and the atlatl, an ancient spear-throwing device.
All events during Powder Valley Nature Center's "Blast to the Past: A History Festival" weekend are free of charge and open to all ages. Reservations are required for the Friday evening program, but not for the events on Saturday. For reservations and more information, call _PHONE_.
Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center is located 11715 Cragwold Road, near the intersection of I-44 and I-270 in Kirkwood. Emmenegger Nature Park is also off Cragwold Road, just west of the Nature Center.
The Nature Center will continue to feature special events each month this year to commemorate its 20th Anniversary. Powder Valley first opened its doors to the public in October 1991.


Quick Answer: How Much Does It Cost To Install A Beam?
What happens if you remove a load bearing wall?
Removing a load bearing wall may create structural problems in a home, including sagging ceilings, unleveled floors, drywall cracks and sticking doors.
Removal of load bearing walls without properly supporting the load they're carrying may occasionally result in a structural collapse and even injury..
How much does it cost to put a support beam in a house?
A load-bearing support beam costs $5 to $20 per foot on average, or between $50 and $200 per foot installed. Support beam materials other than steel include engineered beams like LVL or Glulam, wood, and concrete. LVL beams cost $3 to $12 per foot, while wood beams run $5 to $20.
How do you size a load bearing beam?
Multiply the loading per square foot by the area in square feet of the surface which the beams will be supporting. Divide by the number of beams which will be installed to get the loading per beam.
How long can a support beam be?
Measure your total span between members and ensure that it is not greater than 60 feet. Because of transport limitations, the maximum standard length for manufactured beams is sixty feet.
How much does it cost for a load bearing beam?
Load-Bearing Support Beam Cost A load-bearing support beam costs between $3 and $35 per linear foot, with most homeowners spending $10 to $15 per linear foot. A laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam costs $60 to $300 on average without installation.
Are ceiling beams expensive?
If you're building from scratch and want real beams, expect to pay an additional 10 to 15 percent more for your home. Real beams cost more than standard framing lumber, and because they're heavy and unwieldy, labor costs to install them are also higher.
What size beam do I need to span 30 feet?
Re: I-beam size 30′ span I would design this with the beam in the 24′ dimension. Most span tables will allow much more than 15′ for 2″ x 12″ joists of almost any species commonly used for construction. A 24′ beam can probably be a GluLam using standard joist hangers for the joists.
Should ceiling beams match floor?
If you have hardwood floors in your living room, it may be tempting to match your ceiling beams with them. … Matching the colors of your ceiling beams with the floor can help unify the visual impact of a space, but it might also create a flat, monotone effect in some cases as well.
How much does it cost to install a wood beam?
The national average materials cost to install decorative beams is $7.49 per linear foot, with a range between $6.72 to $8.26….Install Decorative Beams national average cost.cost to install decorative beamsNational Avg. Cost (materials & labor) for 100 linear foot$1,812.872 more rows
How much does it cost to remove a load bearing wall and install a beam?
How long can a beam span without support?
A 2×8 up to 12 feet; 2×10 to 15 feet and 2×12 to 18 feet. The larger the deck, the larger the joists.
What is the difference between an H beam and an I beam?
I Beams – unsurprisingly, I beams are shaped like the letter 'I'. However, contrary to steel H beams, I beams consist of two horizontal plates (otherwise known as flanges), connected by a vertical component (the web). I beams also have tapered edges and a slightly higher cross-section, compared to the flange width.
How big of a beam do I need to span 20 feet?
How far can you span a triple 2×12 beam?
Joist SpansSouthern Pine3-2X1012′-9″3-2X1215′-0″Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Redwood, Cedars, Ponderosa Pine, Red Pine3X6 OR 2-2X65′-2″3X8 OR 2-2X86′-7″17 more rows
Do ceiling beams make a room look smaller?
The Long and Short of It. Beams running the length of the room make a short room seem longer. In a small house, or just as an afterthought of a bedroom or guest room, install beams parallel to the longest walls to emphasize the stretch of space.
Are ceiling beams in style?


Can you tell your Rock Pipit from a Meadow Pipit?
Meadow Pipit vs Rock Pipit
When you first spot a Pipit you might be forgiven for thinking you have spotted a small thrush of some kind
At the time of writing this article (mid March) the Pipits have started their mating flight. You can usually hear their song first - a repetetive "twit" which gradually speeds up (accellerando if you're a musician) should help you spot them as they energetically fly on an upward trajectory into the sky. Then at a certain calculated point they stop flapping and lock their wings and tail feathers gliding down to the ground like a paper plane. When they do this their song suddenly changes into a downward scale with longer "tweet"s like an electronic toy that has suddenly run out of battery. Now both the Rock Pipit and Meadow Pipit show off in this way. If the feet are visible you can also spot their super long hind claw.
Pipit hind claw
The most common Pipits are the Meadow Pipit and Rock Pipit
The Rock Pipit is larger and stockier built. The general impression is a scruffier grey/brown diffused colouring, Depending on the time of the year the beak and legs can be dark coloured (but not always!)
The Meadow Pipit gives an impression of a slender more 'graceful' look. It is a more yellow/brown colouring and the markings are much cleaner defined - a bit like a Song Thrush. The legs and beak are never dark with a yellow/orange tinge.
The other thing that will help you is location. Rock Pipits are never more than a few hundred metres from the edge of the sea often picking their way through the seaweed. If you see a Pipit more than half a mile from the sea you can almost certainly say it is not a Rock Pipit.
So why not test your knowledge and have a go at this quiz...
Try the Rock Pipit or Meadow Pipit Quiz
Please feel free to add your comment below...


Home / Life Science / Plasmolysis
What is Plasmolysis: Its Relation to Osmosis
Plasmolysis is the process of contraction or shrinkage of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a plant cell due to excessive water loss. It occurs under the influence of osmosis. Plasmolysis rarely happens in nature but is observed in extreme situations under strict laboratory conditions or during experiments. Apart from plant cells, it is also found to occur in bacteria. The state of a cell that went through plasmolysis is said to 'plasmolyzed'.
The term plasmolysis is derived from the Latin word 'plasma' meaning 'matrix' and the Greek word 'lysis', meaning 'loosening'.
When Does It Occur
It occurs when a cell is placed in a solution having a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell (hypertonic solution), causing water to move out into the surrounding extracellular fluid.
What Happens in Plasmolysis: Its Process
The cell membrane is semipermeable. It is responsible for maintaining cell turgidity by allowing the selective entry of water and ions while blocking others. The turgor pressure generated by water molecules against the cell wall is necessary to the vitality of the plant structure. A turgid plant cell prevents the further intake of water. The plant vacuole also plays a vital role in this regulation process.
When a cell is exposed to a hypertonic solution, water starts to flow down its concentration gradient. It thus moves from a region of low solute concentration inside the cell to the high solute concentration in the extracellular fluid. The net water movement across the plasma membrane through osmosis causes the plant cell wall to lose its turgor pressure. Finally, it causes the central vacuole and the cytoplasm (together known as protoplast) to detach from the cell wall, and the cell is said to be in plasmolyzed state.
After plasmolysis, the size of the protoplast gets reduced. Simultaneously the pressure on the cell wall decreases, causing it to contract and reduce in size. At times, if water is lost severely, the cell walls may collapse, which results in the death of the cell.
When a cell is exposed to an isotonic solution, it loses its turgor pressure. At this stage, although the cell does not get plasmolyzed, it is not turgid either. As a result, the green parts of the plant droop and cannot hold the leaves up in the sunlight.
Plasmolysis hardly happens in nature. Instead, it is induced in the laboratory by immersing living cells in strong saline or sugar solutions to undergo exosmosis. Generally, the cells of Tradescantia or Rheo plant, Elodea plants, or onion epidermal cells are used for this experiment. The reason is that they have colored sap, making them easily observable and identifiable under the microscope.
Stages of Plasmolysis in Plant Cell
The whole process of plasmolysis can be described in three stages:
 1. Incipient Plasmolysis: It is the first plasmolysis stage during which no morphological changes appear in the cell. The first sign of shrinkage of cell contents from the cell wall is evident at this stage as water starts flowing out of the cell. During this stage, the cell wall exerts no pressure on the cell contents, but the protoplast moves away from the corners of the cell wall. This stage is reversible, and the cell is in flaccid condition.
 2. Evident Plasmolysis: It is the next stage in which the protoplasm reaches the limit of contraction. The cytoplasm and plasma membrane get detached from the cell wall (except one or a few points) and turns spherical due to exosmosis. During this stage the cell wall is not in touch with the protoplasm and the leaves appear wilted. This stage is also reversible.
 3. Final Plasmolysis: It is the final stage of plasmolysis when the cytoplasm completely detaches itself from the cell wall and moves to the cell center.
Types of Plasmolysis
Plasmolysis can be classified into two types depending on the appearance of shrunken protoplasm.
 1. Concave Plasmolysis: In this case, both the plasma membrane and protoplasm shrinks and get detached from the cell wall due to water efflux. A 'half-moon shape' is formed in the cell due to detachment of cytoplasm, thus giving its name concave. Concave plasmolysis can be reversed by keeping the cell in a hypotonic solution, helping them regain the lost water.
 2. Convex Plasmolysis: Excessive water loss from the cell causes the cell membrane and protoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall. As convex plasmolysis is irreversible, it eventually leads to cytorrhysis, i.e., the complete collapse of the cell.
Do Cells Recover from the State of Plasmolysis
As stated above, plasmolysis is generally a reversible decrease in the volume of a plant cell. When exposed to a hypotonic solution or water, a plasmolyzed cell swells up and becomes turgid due to endosmosis. This phenomenon is called deplasmolysis or cytolysis. It is only possible if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution immediately after plasmolysis; otherwise, the cell protoplast gets damaged permanently.
During deplasmolysis, water again passively diffuses into the protoplast, i.e., the central vacuole and cytoplasm. As a result, the protoplast swells up. Initially, it comes in contact with the cell wall and then develops the turgor pressure.
Its Importance
 - Helping to prove that the cell membrane is semipermeable in nature.
 - Helping to prove that the cell wall is elastic as well as permeable.
 - Measuring the osmotic pressure (OP) of a cell. This is because the OP of a cell is roughly equivalent to the osmotic pressure of the extracellular solution causing incipient plasmolysis.
 - Determining if a cell is dead or alive, as only living cells exhibit plasmolysis.
 - Making tennis lawns free of weeds by salting, which kills the weeds by permanent plasmolysis.
 - Inhibiting plant growth in the cracks of the walls by salting.
 - Preventing the microbial decay of foods. For example, salting pickles, meat, and fish and sweetening of the jams and jellies.
Examples in Daily Life
 - Shrinking of vegetables when kept in a hypertonic environment.
 - Contraction of blood cells, like RBCs, when placed in a hypertonic environment.
 - Depositing salts by ocean water during extreme coastal flooding.
 - Killing weeds in lawns, orchards, and agricultural fields by spraying weedicides.
 - Salting of foods like jams, jellies, and pickles, which act as preservatives. As microorganism cells lose water due to a higher concentration of the solute outside the cell by plasmolysis, the foods become less susceptible to their growth.
Q1. What are the differences between plasmolysis and hemolysis?
Ans. Plasmolysis refers to shrinking the plant cell protoplast due to the excessive loss of water from it. In contrast, hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs), which leads to the release of hemoglobin from the RBCs into the blood plasma. Unlike plasmolysis, hemolysis is a natural phenomenon by which old RBCs are replaced.
Article was last reviewed on Monday, June 7, 2021
Leave a Reply


text: Electric vehicles can become integral parts of a smart grid, since they are capable of providing valuable services to power systems other than just consuming power. On the transmission system level, electric vehicles are regarded as an important means of balancing the intermittent renewable energy resources such as wind power. This is because electric vehicles can be used to absorb the energy during the period of high electricity penetration and feed the electricity back into the grid when the demand is high or in situations of insufficient electricity generation. However, on the distribution system level, the extra loads created by the increasing number of electric vehicles may have adverse impacts on grid. These factors bring new challenges to the power system operators. To coordinate the interests and solve the conflicts, electric vehicle fleet operators are proposed both by academics and industries. This paper presents a review and classification of methods for smart charging (including power to vehicle and vehicle-to-grid) of electric vehicles for fleet operators. The study firstly presents service relationships between fleet operators and other four actors in smart grids; then, modeling of battery dynamics and driving patterns of electric vehicles, charging and communications standards are introduced; after that, three control strategies and their commonly used algorithms are described; finally, conclusion and recommendations are made.


text:
by Dave Herman (dherman at ccs dot neu dot edu)
This library provides some idioms for Typed Scheme.
To use this library, simply require its main module:
(require (planet dherman/types:1))
A singleton type is a type that corresponds to a single value. The following form defines a new distinct value and simultaneously binds a variable to that value and a type variable to its singleton type.
The following example defines a new constant nil and defines its corresponding singleton type Nil:
( [nil : Nil])
A variant type or disjoint union type is a type defined as the union of a fixed set of disjoint subtypes. This is analogous to ML's datatype and Haskell's data. Each variant is either a constant or a structure type.
The following example defines an expression grammar with one constant variant and three structure variants:
[Nil #:constant nil]
[Var ([name : Symbol])]
[Abs ([var : Symbol] [body : Expr])]
[App ([rator : Expr] [rand : Expr])])


text:
Chlorine neutraliser (Water conditioner) 50 mL
neutralises chlorine in tap water, making it safe for fish
Chlorine neutraliser (or water conditioner) is essential when adding tap water to a pond or aquarium.
Fish are extremely sensitive to the minute amounts of chlorine present in tap water. Use 5 mL per 50 litres of tap water
This bottle will treat 500 litres


Adiyaman Then and Now - A Brief History
Adiyaman (or "Hisn-i Mansur", as it was then known) was originally founded in the 7th century A.D. The Omayyads of Damascus, Abbasids of Baghdat, Selcuks, Mongols, Memluks, and Ottoman Turks had behomed Adiyaman. The bold and beautiful names of Harun ar-Rashid and Alexander the great, grace the city. "Hisn-i Mansur", renamed Adiyaman in 1926, flaunts its Roman, Byzantine and Turkish connection. The Adiyaman Museum exhibits artifacts obtained from the excavations during the Lower Euphrates project.
The present day Adiyaman is a center of agricultural hubbub, its cereals, tobacco, cotton, pistachio nuts and grapes have made a name for themselves. A large number of inhabitants are Kurds. Folk songs and dances are a part of social life while different kinds of meatballs such as "cig kofte, icli kofte, mercimekli kofte and hitap (stuffed hot pie)" rule the dining tables.
Air, rail and land - Adiyaman is totally clued in. Gölbasi district is the primary junction, on the main highway to Malatya, Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep. Rail connections are also made in Gölbasi, through which Malatya - Adana railroad passes. The oil boom, besides hotels, has opened up an airport at Adiyaman.
The Zeus Hotel Kahta Adiyaman, the Eupherate Hotel Mt. Nemrut Adiyaman, the Hans Bardakci Hotel Kahta Adiyaman or the Hans Bardakci Hotel Kahta Adiyaman - exploit the lush greenery of Adiyaman to the hilt. The proximity of the city center and all the modern amenities that you are used to-each and every hotel is a home away from home.
Adiyaman | Adiyaman Then and Now - A Brief History | Main Attractions in Adiyaman


text:
A Closer Look at Decision and Analyst Error by Including Nonlinearities in Discrete Choice Models: Implications on Willingness-to-Pay Estimates Derived from Discrete Choice Data in Healthcare
- Esther W. de Bekker-GrobAffiliated withDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam Email author
-, John M. RoseAffiliated withThe University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney
-, Michiel C. J. BliemerAffiliated withThe University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Most researchers in health economics cite random utility theory (RUT) when analysing discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Under RUT, the error term is associated with the analyst's inability to properly capture the true choice processes of the respondent as well as the inconsistency or mistakes arising from the respondent themselves. Under such assumptions, it stands to reason that analysts should explore more complex nonlinear indirect utility functions, than currently used in healthcare, to strive for better estimates of preferences in healthcare.
To test whether complex indirect utility functions decrease error variance for models that either implicitly (i.e. the multinomial logit (MNL) model) or explicitly (i.e. entropy multinomial logit (EMNL) model) account for error variance in health(care)-related DCEs; and to determine the impact of complex indirect utility functions on willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures.
Using data from DCEs aimed at healthcare-related decisions, we empirically compared (1) complex and simple indirect utility specifications in terms of goodness of fit, (2) their impact on WTP measures, including confidence intervals (CIs) based on the Delta method, the Krinsky and Robb-procedure, and Bootstrapping, and (3) MNL and EMNL model results.
Complex indirect utility functions had a better model fit than simple specifications (p < 0.05). WTP estimates were quite similar across alternative specifications. The Delta method produced the most narrow CIs. The EMNL model showed that respondents apply simplifying strategies when answering DCE questions.
Complex indirect utility functions reduce error arisen from researchers, which can have important implications for measures in healthcare such as the WTP, whereas EMNL provides insights into the behaviour of respondents when answering DCEs. Understanding how respondents answer DCE questions may allow researchers to construct DCEs that minimise scale differences, so that the decision error made across respondents is more homogeneous and therefore taken out as additional noise in the data. Hence, better estimates of preferences in healthcare can be provided.
- A Closer Look at Decision and Analyst Error by Including Nonlinearities in Discrete Choice Models: Implications on Willingness-to-Pay Estimates Derived from Discrete Choice Data in Healthcare
Volume 31, Issue 12, pp _PHONE_
- Cover Date
- Print ISSN
- Online ISSN
- Springer International Publishing
- Additional Links
- Industry Sectors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 2. The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia


Voxelizing Wireframes
In order to correctly voxelize larger meshes with configurable parameters (shell thickness, seperability parameters, …) I'm now implementing the method described in An Accurate Method for Voxelizing Polygon Meshes, by Jian Huang, Roni Yagel, Vassily Filippov and Yair Kurzion. In the paper, they provide a mathematical basis for voxelizing polygonal meshes, and they define the notion of seperability.
Using 3 tests on every polygonal face, we can define which grid cells form a closed-shell voxelization of any polygon mesh:
 1. A spherical test on every vertex.
 2. A cylindrical test on every edge of the face.
 3. A test with 6 planes forming a closed volume around the given face.
Writing performant intersection tests which can be performed in parallel (thanks, OpenMP!) is no easy task, but it's great to see how even the smallest amount of changes has a big impact on voxelisation speed. (And I'm not the only one writing intersection tests this week). I've been using AMD Codeanalyst to benchmark the performance and check to how many machine instructions these intersection tests translate.
One cool byproduct is that because I'm not simply doing axis-aligned boxes overlap tests anymore, I can now "walk" face edges and voxelize the wireframes themselves. Which just looks cool, but has no apparent useful application other than verifying that the voxelization works correctly. As you can see in the rightmost image (amount of red = amount of red), raycasting in a voxelized wireframe is quite costly, since a lot of rays just miss the thin voxelized wireframe lines, which consists of deep traces into the octree.
Leave a Reply