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The Curious tale of Z and Cedilla.
Our modern cedilla symbol begun life as a "scribal ligature" which in plainer words means two characters combined into one by scribes as a kind of shorthand. The sounds cedilla represents in Roamnce language in one stage were written cz and had a Spanish nickname of cedilla or zedilla - the litte zeta. Originally the sound was probably "ts" and later became a "sh" sibilant sound partly due to the large number of Arabic and Hebrew speakers in Spain during the Islamic era.
It has been or is used in Spanish, Portugese, Catalan, Friuli and Occitan.
Beyond Europe it was adopted by several languages of the Turkkic family when they switched from Arabic and Cyrillic to Roman alphabets, Osmanli also known as Ottoman, Azeri, Tatar, Turkmen, and others.
While usuallu representing a sibilant one European Langaue Latvian uses it to mark Palatals to distinguish them from Velars and Nasals so it appears under g, K, L, and N.
Its use was much more common before IPA fonts were available.


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Articulatory speech synthesis
Articulatory speech synthesis is used if the input of this type of synthesiser is a phonetic symbol string and the output is an acoustic speech signal.
A movement pattern is calculated for the model articulators (lips, tongue, velum, glottis) on the basis of a segmental or a gestural production model. Then, the articulator model calculates the geometry of the vocal tract (the area function) for each time instant. Lastly, the aerodynamic-acoustic model calculates the acoustic speech signal.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Part of speech: noun
Origin: French, mid-17th century
A small or minor literary or musical work.
Examples of Opuscule in a sentence
"While this book could be considered an opuscule, it means a lot to me personally."
"The opuscule doesn't even sound like it was written by the famous poet."
This noun originally comes from the Latin word "opusculum," a dimunutive of the word that means "work." If you are working on a project, no matter how big or small it is, you can refer to it as your "opus."
Did you Know?
A magnum opus is the complete opposite of an opuscule work. The former term refers to the most important work of an artist's career, often one that they are most recognized for.


[ More Wisconsin Wildlife ]
Ruffed Grouse
The ruffed grouse is a bird with many qualities. They are able to adapt to their body parts and use them for many daily needs. One of those is that they can grow additional scales on their toes to make their feet larger which in turn, help them walk on the cold snow. This bird also has the ability to use their tail to court the females. They do this by moving it in a fanning motion. The Wisconsin ruffed grouse doesn't care about being close to humans so it gives the human an advantage when hunting them.
This is also a very beautiful bird to add to your bird watching adventures. You will notice their mix of colors on their feathers. These really attract eyes from all around. The ruffed grouse may be hard to see sometimes because of their brownish colors. These colors sometimes help them blend into their surroundings. Ruffed grouse are an interesting species that brings out the prettiness in nature. Enjoy their existence.
Name: Ruffed Grouse
Scientific Name: Bonasa umbellus
Measurements: weight: 1-1.7lbs, length (bill to tail): 15-19in, wingspan: 22-25in
Habitat: edges of forests in brushy areas, roost in trees during summer, plunge into snow in winter.
Diet: berries, fruit, nuts, seeds, insects, buds, blossoms and leaves, occasional frogs or snakes
Behavior: don't care about living too close to humans, normally solitary, no pair bond between males and females, young birds stay in loose flocks in fall and winter.
Reproduction: courtship only lasts a couple of minutes then female leaves to find nest, 8-14 buff-colored eggs, incubation: 24-26 days.
Predators: fox, Northern Goshawk, great horned owl, and humans
Life Expectancy: average: less than one year old, some live up to 2-3 years, oldest known is 8 years old
Extra Facts: don't migrate, name comes from black ruffs on side of neck, are able to stay perfectly still if threatened.
Part of Wisconsin it generally resides: northern, central, southeast, and southwest portions.
[ Birds of Wisconsin ]


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We report on the simulation and characterisation of compound phase-shifted fiber Bragg structures for use as novel in-fiber magneto-optical point sensors. Through simulation we show that the Faraday rotation spectra of phase-shifted gratings can be tailored by tuning the ratio of substructure lengths. A design process for tailoring the magneto-optical spectrum is illustrated, and it is shown that a general optimum structure exists for producing a region of total reflection incorporating magneto-optical Faraday rotation that is enhanced both in strength and spectral width. A practical optical fiber system that exploits the proposed distributed feedback (DFB) structures to enable novel all-fiber sensors for the dual measurement of magnetic field strength and temperature is described in detail, and the sensor response is simulated. The study is supported by laboratory fabrication of the proposed fiber DFB structures which demonstrates the principle of enhancement in terms of tailored group delay spectra and highlights practical issues for sensor packaging.
© 2010 IEEEPDF Article


Can you really resist a video called "Cat Smells Another Cat's Fart?"
No, you can't.
Much like our feline friend cannot resist sniffing another cat's butt, you are drawn to this clip because "Cat Smells Another Cat's Fart" is why the internet was invented.
Fun fact -- way back in the '60s when the internet was merely some sort of abstract idea, all those poindexters in their lab coats and ties pushed the tape on their glasses onto the bridges of their noses and proclaimed, "We need to create this interconnected series of computer networks so people can watch videos of cats not only breaking wind, but other cats sniffing their rear ends in the derision and annoyance that only cats can adequately express." Cats smelling farts are the original cat videos of the internet.
So, how about that? In addition to seeing a cat sniff a fart, you got a lesson in the obscure history of the World Wide Web. Animals should pass gas more often, right?


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Table of contents:
Video: Knitting DIY: knit cable pillow
- Merino Air (90% new wool, 10% polyamide, barrel length 130 m / 50 g)
- per pillow case 150 g each in violet (col. 13) and anthracite (col. 3) or petrol (col. 15) and anthracite (col. 3)
- Knitting needles no.5.5
- washable pillow filling, 40 x 65 cm
In the rib pattern and with needles No. 5.5, 17 stitches and 25.5 rows result in 10 x 10 cm, in the cable pattern 24 stitches and 25.5 rows result in 9 x 10 cm.
Work 1 stitch left and 1 stitch alternately in rows. Knit all stitches in the wrong side. Work the cable pattern according to the knitting script. The numbers on the right indicate the rows, knit the stitches in the back rows as they appear. Knit over 20 stitches in width, increasing 4 stitches in the 3rd row as shown. In the height the 1st – 16th Work row 1x, then the 5th – 16th Repeat row continuously. (40 x 64 cm)
How to do it:
- Cast on 72 stitches in purple for the front. Divide the stitches in the back row like this: edge stitch, 25 stitches rib pattern (begin with 1 stitch on the left), 20 stitch cable pattern, 25 stitches rib pattern (start again with 1 stitch on the left), edge stitch. From the 3rd row there are 76 stitches on the needle due to increases. Cast off after 64 cm = 164 rows. Within the 24 stitches of the braid, decrease 4 stitches evenly by knitting together
- Cast on 71 stitches with anthracite for the back. Work 164 rows = 64 cm in a rib pattern without a braid. Cast off the stitches evenly.
- Moisten the parts, stretch them into shape and let them dry. Close the seams in the mattress stitch, insert the filling at the last seam and sew up.
In this post you read:
- Decorate yourself with Sarah Wiener
- Knitted egg caps
- Knit cable pillow


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One of my favorite musicals is Man of La Mancha. In this story you meet a loony Spanish gentleman, Don Quixote, who thinks he is an honored knight, when in fact he is nothing of the sort. In this musical Don Quixote meets a lowly prostitute, Aldonza. He doesn't know she is a prostitute; he thinks she is an elegant Spanish lady, a queen. Yet Don Quixote slowly changes the entire self-concept of this prostitute by constantly, unconditionally affirming her. What is amazing about the story is, when she begins to see herself differently, she begins to act differently. He even gives her a new name, Dulcinea, so that she will ever be reminded of her new identity and her potential. She became a brand-new person.
Who is the Aldonza in your life? Who can you offer positive encouragement to? Who can you offer a belief in even when they don't believe in themselves? In order to affirm a person's potential, you may have to look at them with the eye of faith and treat them in terms of their potential, not their behavior.
Goethe, a famous philosopher once put this way:
"Treat a man as he is, and he will remain as he is, treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be."
Again I ask, who is the Aldonza in your life who can become a Dulcinea? Today is the day to believe in them—and give them the gift of affirmation.
To comment on today's devotional, click here.
1. Read Ephesians 2:10. How does this verse apply to today's devotional?
2. Write three specific goals to help affirm the Dulcinea in your life this week.
Encouraging Parents…Building Families
Other FREE resources from HomeWord and Jim Burns:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: How To Tie A Bag To A Motorcycle?
How much can you carry on a motorcycle?
How do you carry large items on a motorcycle?
Here's how you can have it all.
 1. A Backpack. This is the simplest solution.
 4. Top Trunk.
 5. Built-In Storage.
 6. Hard Luggage.
 7. Straps.
How do you carry groceries on a motorcycle?
How do you carry water on a motorcycle?
Carry them in PVC pipe attached to skid, tool-tube side of bike, or down low inside pannier racks. You could even fit quite a bit inside some Wolfman Rolie or Aerostich tank panniers. Many pannier racks will carry RotoPax, Kolpin, or similar water containers down low. Use the cross-brace.
You might be interested: Often asked: How To Carry Extra Fuel On Motorcycle?
How do you pack a motorcycle?
Search for motorcycle tours
 1. Stay balanced. The most important thing to have in mind when packing is to keep both sides balanced.
 2. Packing for two.
 3. Learn to prioritize.
 4. Heavy on the Bottom.
 5. Pack Small.
 6. Reusable items.
 7. Spread the Load.
 8. Small but Essential Things.
How much weight can a 250 motorcycle carry?
Does weight matter on a motorcycle?
What should I carry on my motorcycle?
10 Things You Should Always Carry On a Motorcycle Ride
 - Ear Plugs. If you ride without ear plugs then don't expect to have much hearing left as the years go by.
 - Towel for cleaning.
 - Tool kit.
 - Cell (Smart) phone.
 - Tire Gauge.
 - Fuses.
 - Bulbs.
 - First Aid Kit.


Enslaved: Odyssey to the West Preview
Posted by: Sarah LeBoeuf
Nearly three years ago, less than twelve months into the PlayStation 3's life, Heavenly Sword was one of the first big exclusives for the console. Often called "God of War with a chick", the Ninja Theory-developed action-adventure game didn't turn out to be the next big franchise that Sony wanted it to be, and plans for a sequel were scrapped in favor of a new, multiplatform project from the developer. Now Ninja Theory's next game, Enslaved: Odyssey to the West, is only a few months away from release, meaning that gamers will finally be able to see what the developer learned from their first experience of this generation.
Enslaved is loosely based on the centuries-old Chinese novel Journey to the West, sometimes known as Monkey in English-speaking countries. However, instead of being set in the sixteenth century, Enslaved takes place about a 150 years in the future. A wide-spanning war has wiped out most of the human race, and robots left over from a more technologically advanced era are still following their orders, which are to essentially destroy all humans. Trying to survive the post-apocalyptic chaos is Monkey, one of the few humans to escape the robotic reign. Against his will, he teams up with Trip, who is knowledgeable with mechanical items but not particularly strong physically. Trip forces Monkey to help her return to her village, and it quickly becomes obvious that they need each other in order to stay alive.
Much like another upcoming Namco-Bandai game, Majin and the Forsaken Kingdom, Enslaved mixes combat with puzzle-solving and exploration while letting the player control two protagonists throughout the adventure. Trip can open doors, shut down large machines, and has useful gadgets that will assist them in their journey, but she needs Monkey to physically fight the never-ending waves of destructive robots. Using a melee weapon, Monkey is able to use physical attacks, and sometimes must distract enemies while Trip performs another task. Trip's role is largely to avoid combat while putting her technological know-how to good use, and with Monkey's help, she is able to sneak by the robots without being noticed.
One of the strongest things about Heavenly Sword was the memorable characters, particularly Nariko and Kai; Ninja Theory proved that their team had a knack for character design, and that continues with Enslaved. Visually, Monkey and Trip are unique, and their personalities are just as distinct. Monkey is strong and silent, a loner until being forced to work with Trip. Trip, on the other hand, is sassy and smart, and the exchanges between them early in the game are full of bickering and tense moments, but in an endearing way. Their relationship was actually reminiscent of Prince and Elika in 2008's Prince of Persia, which sported some great dialogue as the characters' relationship progressed. It appears that Monkey and Trip will probably forge a lasting friendship along the trip, if not something more, and it will be interesting to see how they get there.
The other thing that sets Enslaved apart from every other post-apocalyptic video game is the setting itself. The ruins of civilization are visible everywhere, from the burned-out cars to the crumbling buildings, but there is something really refreshing about the way the world is presented. The game shows a more fantasy-based take on the end of humanity than gamers are used to, with giant mechanical objects scattered throughout fields of green and lush vegetation. The science-fiction elements are strong, too, between the robotic foes and Trip's use of technology to further their journey. There's no doubt about it, Enslaved is visually beautiful, and one can only hope that the impressive presentation holds up throughout the entire game.
With less than three months to go until its release date, Enslaved: Odyssey to the West is already looking superb. However, there's always room for improvement, and it will be interesting to see Ninja Theory's follow-up to Heavenly Sword once the full game is out. The developer has a lot of talent and a lot of potential, and it would be a shame to see another of their titles become quickly forgotten.
Anonymous User


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Timer Relay Wiring Diagram
It reveals the parts of the circuit as streamlined shapes and the power as well as signal links between the devices.
Timer relay wiring diagram. It reveals the elements of the circuit as simplified shapes as well as the power and also signal links between the gadgets. At the end of the time delay t the output is energized. To prevent 555 timer from flyback current in the relay use a diode before the relay. 12v time delay relay adjustable on off timerusing 555 astable mode in this circuit a timer with cyclic on off operations is designed.
Voltage the time relay t upon application of input begins. A wiring diagram is a streamlined conventional photographic depiction of an electric circuit. The timer function 1 is on delay it allows to supply power after a period of time t. Variety of delay on break timer wiring diagram.
On delay timer circuit diagram wiring diagram contactor with push button circuit diagram of delay timer on off power off delay timer circuit diagram 2 way lighting circuit triggering transformer push button fan switch light activated switch circuit diagram wd081 text. Assortment of time delay relay wiring diagram. Input voltage must be removed to reset the time delay relay de energize the output. A wiring diagram generally provides details about the relative position as well as plan of devices and also terminals on the devices in order to help in structure or servicing the gadget.
A wiring diagram usually offers info concerning the loved one placement and also plan of tools as well as terminals on the devices in order to help in structure or servicing the tool. Some 555 versions may get damaged because of this. Assortment of delay on break timer wiring diagram. A wiring diagram is a simplified traditional pictorial depiction of an electric circuit.
Solid state timer relay electrical academia vb 3903 wiring diagrams in addition diagram for a 327xbx48p 300 120vac time delay tdr 24vdc wg 6605 pin ice cube furthermore octal 11 latching cr4 discussion thread need to wire dayton pull 120v and specifications i am trying 1egc6 using relays cycle traffic signal how solid state timer relay electrical academia read more.
- Home Wiring Types
- Wiring Trailer Lights
- 5 Wire Trailer Light Wiring Diagram
- Mitsubishi Outlander Radio Wiring Diagram
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- Wiring Diagram Panel Listrik 3 Phase
- Portable Generator Wiring Diagram
- Yamaha Analog Tachometer Wiring Diagram
- Lutron Maestro 3 Way Dimmer Wiring Diagram


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photo credit: anabis
Something long and thin wriggles past you in the countryside. The knee-jerk response may be that you've just seen a snake but how can you be certain that what you've seen isn't a slow worm instead? Let's take a closer look at slow worms and the different species of snake present in the UK to give you a better idea of how to correctly identify and distinguish between snakes and slow worms.
There are a number of factors that can help us to tell the difference between slow worms and snakes. Some are "dead certs" – almost guaranteed to ensure you have the correct identification – whilst others are less certain and in these cases it may be necessary to use a number of different factors in order to be reasonably confident about an identification.
This is especially so if you only had a fleeting glimpse out of the corner of your eye rather than a good long look at the reptile in question. Wherever possible – both to make identification easier and to serve as a reminder in the future – try to take a few photographs of the animal in question.
These don't need to be "award winning" nature photographs – certainly mine aren't – but when a creature could vanish at any second grabbing a few quick pictures that you can analyze at your leisure later on can not only make your identifications more accurate but also more enjoyable as you sit and ponder them at a later date in the comfort of your own home.
Whilst the body of most snakes tends to taper gently from the mid section down to a fine point at the end of the tail the slow worm typically appears far chunkier with the "tail" appearing far blunter and ending far more sharply. In addition, be aware that unlike snakes, slow worms can "drop" their tails like many other lizards and so this can lead to an even "stubbier-looking" tail than normal.
The head shape differs between slow worms and snakes but it can be quite a subtle feature so isn't recommended as the only identification source. In general the species of British snakes tend to have rather flatter-looking heads than the higher, rounder head of the slow worm. Remember that the slow worm is a lizard and not a snake and when you look closely at them it can be quite easy to see that their head is more lizard-like than snake-like.
Grass snakes, smooth snakes and adders all typically have quite clearly-defined patterns to help with camouflage. Spots and stripes are common in these species while the slow worm is typically a reasonably uniform brown in colour. Younger specimens may have stripes of colour but these tend to be longitudinal (from head to tail) rather than the more lateral marking of, for example, an adder.
British snakes feed on a variety of prey including frogs and small mammals but slow worms are rather different in that they prefer small invertebrate prey. Slugs are a perfect example of the type of food they enjoy and so should you see a "slow worm" eating a frog for example, it's almost certainly actually a snake.
Snakes have sealed eyelids through which they see which makes them appear to have no eyelids. As a result they are also incapable of blinking. As lizards however, slow worms do have eye lids and with patience you may even see them blink. Blinking, therefore, is a guaranteed indicator that what you have seen is a slow worm and not a snake.
Of course baby snakes are smaller than adults but overall slow worms are far smaller than most of the British species of snake. Baby slow worms – which are born live rather than in egg form – can be just a few inches long and even the adult rarely exceed more than a foot. Compare this to the size that an adder or a grass snake may achieve and a smaller-sized, serpent-like creature is more likely to be a slow worm than a snake.
Thanks to their preferred prey, slow worms are most likely to be seen after rain and/or in the early evening where they will be searching for small invertebrates to eat. In contrast adders and grass snakes are often seen basking in the heat of the day though a slow worm that has been disturbed from it's hiding place may still be seen at these times of day.
Adders, generally, seem to prefer heathland habitats, grass snakes those with open water in the form of ponds or streams while slow worms can be seen in a variety of habitats though grassland areas is where they are most often observed.
Telling a slow worm from a snake can take a little practise but hopefully you can see there are a number of factors that you can use to help you make a definitive identification.


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Learn how to speak Afrikaans faster and easier with the aid of our mind enhancing "Learn Afrikaans" subliminal mp3 album!
- Do you want to learn to speak Afrikaans?
- Are you trying to improve your Afrikaans word pronunciation, reading and writing skills too?
- Are you struggling to learn Afrikaans, finding it difficult to remember and accurately recall the information?
Lots of people attempt to learn Afrikaans, but find it too hard or get frustrated and give up. Perhaps if you are reading this page you are struggling too?
Learning Afrikaans does not have to be so difficult! Our subliminal mp3 is designed to help you build the skills required to acquire a new language with ease. Here is how it will help:
- Improve your memory, retention of information, recall, pronunciation, reading, writing and understanding of the Afrikaans language.
- Learn Afrikaans pronunciation much quicker and improve your ability speak Afrikaans.
- Speed up the process of learning the Afrikaans language.
- Reprogram your brain to process language related information more efficiently.
- Develop the neural pathways in your brain used to learn a new language.
Some people make it look easy to learn a new language. However, this is only because they have had more exposure to foreign languages throughout their life. Their brains are used to processing and making sense of this type of information, which means learning a language is easy and natural for them.
This album reprograms your brain to work in the same way as these 'naturals'.
Our subliminal mp3 stimulates the area of the brain responsible for language acquisition. It engages both sides of your brain simultaneously, while targeting your left brain hemisphere - the area most responsible for language learning. Over time this will rewire the area of your brain so that you too will be able to learn Afrikaans much easier and faster.
Download our free app for iPhone/iPad today and listen immediately after your purchasejust search the App Store for Real Subliminal.
Don't struggle to learn Afrikaans any longer, gain the advantage with this subliminal mp3 album! Save time and develop your ability to learn Afrikaans much faster than usual!
Script Used in Learn The Afrikaans Language Subliminal Recording
- I want to learn Afrikaans
- I study hard
- I can learn Afrikaans
- I will learn Afrikaans
- I am motivated and driven to learn Afrikaans
- I am finding it easy to learn Afrikaans
- My memory is excellent
- I process information efficiently
- I find it easy to concentrate and study
- I can speak Afrikaans fluently
- My Afrikaans is improving
- I easily remember new information
- I acquire new languages easily
- I easily acquire new languages
- I retain information easily
- Afrikaans is easy to learn
- I enjoy learning new languages
- My pronunciation is improving


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If your dog is eating grass frantically, you may be wondering what may be going on. Perhaps your dog has been insistently asking to go outside, and then, once out in the yard, you see him grabbing grass by the mouthful like there's no tomorrow, what gives? Following are some possible causes as to why dogs eat grass frantically.
Dogs Eating Grass Due to Tummy Upset
When you feel sick to your stomach, you may frantically reach for your medicine cabinet and gobble down an antacid, when your dog feels sick instead, he starts frantically eating grass.
It's is not completely clear why dogs eat grass when they are feeling sick, but there are chances that dogs are naturally drawn to ingesting grass because grass is not easily digestible, or the grass blades, once swallowed by the mouthful, cause a gag reflex which facilitates vomiting.
Regardless of the underlying mechanism, grass eating in dogs feeling sick is different from the leisurely grass nibbling seen in healthy dogs. Dogs feeling sick tend to to typically eat the grass quickly by grabbing it in mouthfuls.
Dogs feeling sick are also often indiscriminate grass eaters, meaning that they grab any type of grass compared to dogs savoring grass just because they love greens. The latter tend to look for the most tender tips or a specific type of grass.
I remember not to long ago boarding a dog with a sensitive stomach. Every morning he would seek grass to make himself vomit. Unlike my dogs who were grazers and quite picky on the type of grass they ingested, this dog seemed to care less and actually sought the rougher types of grass that were mostly composed of indigestible cellulose.
With the owner's permission, I had this dog see the vet and the dog was put on antacids and I had to give him a late snack. Apparently, he couldn't stay too long with an empty stomach. The owner had no clue, just thought he was vomiting because of the grass eating, when in reality he was eating grass because he had nausea. Sort of like a chicken and egg situation.
He was diagnosed with "Bilious vomiting syndrome." With the antacid and late snack though, his days of grass eating and vomiting were finally over.
Dogs Eating Grass Due to Nutritional Deficiencies
On top of eating grass due to digestive issues, sometimes grass eating may be due to some nutritional deficiency. These dogs may show a preference for eating grass rather than dog food.
Pica is the medical term used to depict a disorder where dogs may be eating things that aren't food. Pica can be caused by some type of nutritional deficiency, although it can sometimes be a sign of boredom, particularly when practiced by puppies and young dogs.
There may be chances that dogs who eat grass frantically may be trying to fulfill some nutritional need that is not met. In the wild, canines tend to eat every part of prey animals and that includes the grassy contents of their stomachs.
Some dogs may have a higher need for fiber or certain vitamins or minerals in their diets and once these dogs are placed on a high-fiber diet, the frantic grass eating stops almost entirely.
Dogs Eating Grass to Seize the Day
And then there are dogs who eat grass voraciously rather than frantically, just because they adhere to the "seize the day" philosophy of life. In other words, these dogs feast and want to fill up quickly because you never know what tomorrow brings.
Dogs don't really think like this in such a rational way as humans do, but more at an instinctive level. The behavior of dogs gulping down food like there's no tomorrow, is likely reminiscent of the days when in the wild, they led a "feast or famine" lifestyle.
Before food waste from human settlements provided a new niche, a dog's ancestors dealt with times when there was food in abundance and lean times when they were starving. When food was in abundance, they would fill up very quickly, especially considering that anything not consumed within a certain time frame could have been quickly eaten by other opportunistic animals.
When provided with the opportunity to eat grass, dogs may therefore eat it voraciously, in the same fashion as they gulp down their meals.
Sometimes, certain dynamics contribute to making the grass extra salient to dogs, and therefore, worthy of consuming quickly. For instance, if your dog is fond of a particular type of grass that he may find only sometimes on walks, he may gulp it down quickly when it stumbles upon it due to scarcity.
Also, if you normally prohibit your dog from eating grass, that day you are not watching, you can bet your dog will eat it voraciously. Bored, understimulated dogs may too find grass extra appealing due to their need to forage and some dogs may even eat grass as part of an obsessive compulsive disorder.
Now That You Know...
As seen, dogs often eat grass frantically when they are not feeling well. While the grass eating may look rather innocent, there are several dangers to consider. If your dog eats grass frantically, here are some warnings and tips.
- Never let a dog eat grass that has been treated with fertilizer, weed killers or pesticides.
- Watch for dogs who eat grass frantically as they may ingest toxic plants and poisonous mushrooms along with the grass. Learn what plants are in your yard and look them up in the ASPCA's Animal Poison Control Center website to make sure they are not toxic.
- Since grass is not digestible, if your dog happens to eat a large quantity, it could possibly cause a blockage.
- Keeping your grass mowed short may discourage grass eating considering that dogs often seek the longer blades.
- If your dog often eats grass frantically, have your dog see the vet for underlying digestive disorders. GI issues in dogs can be caused by eating anything unusual to them, a change in diet or even eating too much. Some dogs may have underlying GI disorders and may need a special diet and/or antacids.
- Giving the dog multiple pieces of bread when seeking grass can sometimes absorb any acid and help the dog feel better.
- Some dogs when feeling sick and not being allowed to eat grass, may end up licking floors, carpets or their paws. Be careful as some dogs may also ingest things such as socks or other items.
- If your vet determines other issues not related to digestion issues, follow your vet's advice for treatment.
- Adding fiber to a dog's diet may help dogs who crave it. Adding some canned pumpkin (the plain type without spices added) can sometimes help, suggests veterinarian Dr. Ralston.
- Finally, if the grass-eating may stem from boredom, provide more mental stimulation through brain games and ample of foraging opportunities.


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See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Forceps: Forceps are a hand-held medical instrument with a beak used during surgery to grasp tissues for dissection and suturing. Most surgical forceps have a serrated surface tip, or teeth for firmly grasping tissue without a crushing force. Forceps may also be used for picking up objects. Forceps are commonly known as tweezers outside the medical community.
These devices are types of the medical device Forceps:
These other medical devices are related to Forceps:
Search Specialists by State and City


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WHAT WE DO
CTT Spain Special Programs offers a wide variety of educational services like:
– Open workshops related to teaching thinking in the classroom, covering the following fields:
Infusing instruction in analytical, critical and creative thinking skills into content.
Development of longer didactic units including Project Based Units which infuse thinking skills.
Assessing students' development of skill at thinking.
Creating a culture of thinking in classrooms.
Developing thinking schools.
– CTT Summer Institute in Spain.
– Conferences and keynotes specialised in:
Teaching for the development of important "Habits of Mind".
The role of Metacognition in the classroom.
Developing Emotional Intelligence.
Visible Thinking: Using "Thinking Routines" in the classroom and creating a classroom "culture of thinking".
Teaching for Understanding.
Teaching Specialized Thinking Skills for the Development of Multiple Intelligences.
Graphic Organizers for Thinking: Dos and Don'ts.
– Bringing to Spain leaders in the field to present on special topics of importance in the teaching of thinking, like David Perkins from Project Zero at Harvard, and Carol McGuinness from the Network of Thinking Schools in Ireland.
– Working with universities throughout Spain to develop special university programs for teachers on teaching thinking, both on site at the universities themselves, and on-line.
There are three levels of programmes that we offer:
- Introductory awareness presentations, for those who want to find out what TBL involves.
- Training programmes, for those who would like to introduce TBL in their own teaching.
- Extension programmes, for those teachers and schools that have already infused thinking in the classroom instruction. For example, developing longer didactic units including problem and project based units that infuse organised clusters of thinking skills, assessing students development of skill at thinking, The development of thinking dispositions.
Programmes will be aimed at infants and primary level instruction, secondary instruction, high school instruction, administrative leadership teams and university faculty.


Pomegranate to feed akkermansia
Akkermansia Muciniphila - The most prevalent probiotic deficiency in healthy adults
One of the most surprising findings since starting Biomesight and reviewing numerous microbiome result sets is just how common having only small amounts of Akkermansia Muciniphila is. The optimal range is currently defined within Biomesight as being between 1% and 3%. Our ranges are derived from the teachings and research of Dr Jason Hawrelak of the Probiotic Advisor. A range of 1 - 4 % is also commonly used.
It does beg the question - if low abundances are so prevalent, is having it in sufficient quantities really so essential? What are the associated benefits or functions that we expect it to perform within the gut that cannot be handled by other bacteria?
And exactly how common is out of range Akkermansia? At the time of writing this article, here's the current Biomesight stats:
Average relative abundance: 1.5%
Median: 0.13%
Max: 28.6%
Percentage of samples in which:
 - present: 82%
 - absent: 18%
Yes, that median value is correct! In layman's terms - the middle value for Akkermansia relative abundance is only around 1/8th of a percentage point! Granted, we need to consider that the Biomesight sample set is still relatively small and is potentially skewed as those with imbalances are more likely to get their microbiomes sequenced. We have not taken the approach to add a representative sample set from American Gut like many other similar companies do to define their optimal or "normal" ranges. It is still too early for us to adapt our ranges as additional metadata relating to the samples is needed before we can draw any firm conclusions.
Nevertheless, it is an interesting pattern. This is not observed in other prominent probiotics like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus where median and averages both resemble the optimal ranges.
Here's the relative abundance percentage distribution for samples in Biomesight:
What are the benefits we expect from Akkermansia?
Akkermansia feeds on mucin, hence it's name, and is known for being of particular importance to the integrity of the gut's epithelial layer. We know that butyrate is also essential for the gut lining, yet Akkermansia is not a butyrate producer - Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Roseburia and Ruminococcus are the most important butyrate producers. As a prominent mucin degrader it has been seen to have a prohibitive affect on pathogenic organisms also capable of feeding on mucin. It's also been proposed that Akkermansia promotes mucin secretion, thereby having a protective affect on the gut lining. This is potentially through it's production of acetate which feeds the goblet cells of the gut lining. But again many other bacteria produce acetate, including Bacteroides which is normally well represented. With regards to SCFA production in particular - within Biomesight we classify Akkermansia as a propionate producer but as mentioned earlier, several studies also suggest it's involvement in acetate production.
Any findings specific to Akkermansia?
Studies analyzing the bacterial cell proteins of Akkermansia identified Amuc-1100, an outer membrane protein of Akkermansia. It is found to activate intracellular signals mediated by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) of intestinal epithelial cells, contributing to the enhancement of the intestinal barrier. It has also been demonstrated that Amuc-1100 is involved in the immune response, specifically in the induction of the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
Other than gut barrier integrity, Akkermansia has also been associated with:
 - Leanness (therefore good for weight loss)
 - Reducing susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Several reports indicate that Akkermansia muciniphila affects glucose and lipid metabolism
 - Improved sleep
 - Modulate immune response
Another finding worth mentioning - the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the blood is a measure seen to be indicative of intestinal permeability (aka leaky gut). This marker is commonly higher in obese populations and Akkermansia administration was shown to decrease it. Akkermansia itself is a gram negative bacteria, with LPS in it's cell membrane but it's not associated with endotoxemia commonly seen in other gram negative bacteria.
The good news if you are deficient and feel you would benefit from having higher Akkermansia is that it is now finally available as a probiotic, Unfortunately though, the price level is currently prohibitive for many (~$200 a month).
Raising my Akkermansia levels
I am one of the many with lower than optimal numbers of Akkermansia. When I started my gut health journey in April last year, it was not detected. Akkermansia is my only probiotic that's never been in range.
Here's what it has looked like since:
I will admit my dedication to feeding Akkermansia is not what it should be. I sometimes religiously eat fresh pomegranate for days on end but then get busy and before I know it I have skipped it for a week. My plan though is to at least feed it optimally in the week leading up to my next test. I also plan to take my next sample from the side of the stool as logically this part should be closer to the lining with a higher proportion of Akkermansia. I guess I am not looking to see whether my efforts to feed it has paid off but rather to answer the more basic question of whether I need to increase it in the first place.
What benefits am I expecting from getting my Akkermansia in range?
I am currently in very good health - if I could improve anything it would be my sleep though. It is mostly sufficient - I wake up rested on most days and average around 7 hours (~2 hours REM, 1h10 deep on a good day) but during my luteal phase I do have some challenging days after waking up earlier than I would have liked. No doubt that hormonal changes during this time is behind the sleep disruption but I'd like to see if raising my Akkermansia has any added benefit during this time.
Tips for increasing
Biomesight users would be familiar with this in app view. Intermittent fasting and fasting in general increases Akkermansia. Prebiotics include lactulose, polyphenols and soluble fiber. Some sources also cite inulin being effective.
The recommended foods are based on their high polyphenol content of which cranberries, pomegranate, green tea and even red wine are known to have relatively high quantities. Red grapes are also cited as a good source.
External Sources
Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic
A next-generation beneficial microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila


text:
(-42,17) is in the second quadrant
Work Step by Step
We are given that the location of the ordered pair is (-42,17). Therefore, the point has a negative x-coordinate and a positive y-coordinate, which corresponds to the second quadrant. Because $|-42|\gt|17|$, we know that the point is farther away from the y-axis than it is from the x-axis.


About These Notebooks
Unlike the online Tellurium documentation, which is intended to work in both Jupyter and the Tellurium notebook viewer, these example notebooks are specialized for the Tellurium's notebook viewer. This allows you to use Tellurium's special notebook cells. Whereas regular Jupyter notebooks only contain Python code, Tellurium allows you to incorporate the community standards SBML and COMBINE archives directly in your notebook.
Simple Example
This example shows how to set up a simple model in Tellurium and solve it as an ODE. Tellurium uses a human-readable representation of SBML models called Antimony. The following notebook cell is actually Antimony code - the Tellurium notebook viewer allows you to configure notebook cells as either Antimony, Python, or COMBINE archives. To create Antimony cells, simply select "Convert to Model Cell" from the dropdown in the upper right of a code cell.
When you run the cell below, it will create an instance of the RoadRunner simulator. You can use this instance to simulate the model by running the simulate function with the start time, end time, and number of points.
In [1]:
model simple()
 S1 -> S2; k1*S1
 k1 = 0.1
 S1 = 10
In [2]:
simple.simulate(0, 50, 100)
More Complex Example
Tellurium can also handle stochastic models. This example shows how to select Tellurium's stochastic solver. The underlying simulation engine used by Tellurium implements a Gibson direct method for simulating this model.
In this example, we run multiple simulations of a stochastic model. Then, we average the simulation trajectories and plot the average trajectory along with the ensemble.
In [3]:
model stochastic()
 J1: S1 -> S2; k1*S1;
 J2: S2 -> S3; k2*S2 - k3*S3
 J3: S3 -> S4; k4*S3;
 k1 = 0.1; k2 = 0.5; k3 = 0.5; k4 = 0.5;
 S1 = 100;
In [4]:
import tellurium as te, numpy as np
# use a stochastic solver
stochastic.integrator = 'gillespie'
stochastic.integrator.seed = 1234
# selections specifies the output variables in a simulation
selections = ['time'] + stochastic.getBoundarySpeciesIds() + stochastic.getFloatingSpeciesIds()
stochastic.integrator.variable_step_size = False
# run repeated simulation
Ncol = len(stochastic.selections)
Nsim = 30
points = 101
s_sum = np.zeros(shape=[points, Ncol])
for k in range(Nsim):
 s = stochastic.simulate(0, 50, points, selections=selections)
 s_sum += s
 # use show=False to add traces to the current plot
 # instead of starting a new one, equivalent to MATLAB hold on
 stochastic.plot(s, alpha=0.5, show=False)
# add mean curve, legend, show everything and set labels, titles,...
fig = te.plot(s[:,0], s_sum[:,1:]/Nsim, names=[x +'(mean)' for x in selections[1:]], title="Stochastic simulation", xtitle="time", ytitle="concentration")


EXEC_SINGLE_NODE_ROWS_THRESHOLD Query Option (CDH 5.3 or higher only)
This setting controls the cutoff point (in terms of number of rows scanned) below which Impala treats a query as a "small" query, turning off optimizations such as parallel execution and native code generation. The overhead for these optimizations is applicable for queries involving substantial amounts of data, but it makes sense to skip them for queries involving tiny amounts of data. Reducing the overhead for small queries allows Impala to complete them more quickly, keeping admission control slots, CPU, memory, and so on available for resource-intensive queries.
Type: numeric
Default: 100
Usage notes: Typically, you increase the default value to make this optimization apply to more queries. If incorrect or corrupted table and column statistics cause Impala to apply this optimization incorrectly to queries that actually involve substantial work, you might see the queries being slower as a result of remote reads. In that case, recompute statistics with the COMPUTE STATS or COMPUTE INCREMENTAL STATS statement. If there is a problem collecting accurate statistics, you can turn this feature off by setting the value to -1.
Internal details:
In CDH 5.5 / Impala 2.3 and higher, where Impala supports the complex data types STRUCT, ARRAY, and MAP, if a query refers to any column of those types, the small-query optimization is turned off for that query regardless of the EXEC_SINGLE_NODE_ROWS_THRESHOLD setting.
For a query that is determined to be "small", all work is performed on the coordinator node. This might result in some I/O being performed by remote reads. The savings from not distributing the query work and not generating native code are expected to outweigh any overhead from the remote reads.
Added in: CDH 5.13
A common use case is to query just a few rows from a table to inspect typical data values. In this example, Impala does not parallelize the query or perform native code generation because the result set is guaranteed to be smaller than the threshold value from this query option:
SELECT * FROM enormous_table LIMIT 300;


text:
San Martin titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe)
|Also known as:||Andean titi monkey, Rio Mayo titi, Rio Mayo titi monkey|
|Size||Male head-body length: 30 - 30.6 cm (2)|
Female head-body length: 31.3 - 38.5 cm (2)
Tail length: 36.9 - 40 cm (2)
|Weight||c. 1.2 kg (3)|
- Titi monkeys typically rest in a huddled position, with all four limbs brought together and the tail hanging vertically down.
- The San Martin titi monkey lives in small family groups consisting of an adult pair and their offspring.
- When it is not nursing from the female, the infant San Martin titi monkey is often carried by the male.
- Titi monkey pairs often perform loud duets in the morning to proclaim their territory.
- San Martin titi monkeys often intertwine their tails when sitting near one another.
The San Martin titi monkey is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List (1) and is listed on Appendix II of CITES (4).
The San Martin titi monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) is a small New World monkey with a compact body, small, round head and relatively flat, high face (5). Its non-prehensile tail is roughly the same length as the body (2) and is covered in thick, soft hair (5).
The body of the San Martin titi monkey is covered in thick, light brown agouti fur, with orange fur on the belly, chest and inner surfaces of the limbs. Agouti colouration is characterised by hairs having multiple bands of colour, giving a somewhat 'peppered' or grizzled appearance. The San Martin titi monkey is also characterised by a white to buffy blaze on its face, extending up to the top of the head, and there are dark patches around the eyes (2) (6) (7).
The San Martin titi monkey is endemic to the upper Rio Mayo valley and adjacent areas in north-central Peru (1) (5) (8). This species was previously believed to occur only in the upper Rio Mayo valley, but recent studies have found that its range also extends further south into the Bajo Mayo and Huallaga Central (8).
The San Martin titi monkey has been recorded in a range of forest habitats, including secondary forest, bamboo stands, fruit crops, vine thickets and palm-dominated forest (7) (9). It appears to be most frequently found near streams and rivers, often occurring in flooded and seasonally flooded forests (1) (10). However, it has also been recorded in drier areas (8).
An arboreal species (5), the San Martin titi monkey usually occupies the dense understory of the forest (11). This species is active during the day, tending to feed in the early morning and resting around midday. Moving in social family groups, it forages for food and selects sleeping sites during the early to late evening (5). Like other titi monkeys (Callicebus species), the San Martin titi monkey moves around on all fours and rests in a characteristic huddled position, with all four limbs brought together on the branch and the tail hanging down (5).
The diet of the San Martin titi monkey consists mainly of fruit and insects, although it also feeds on seeds, flowers, leaves and other plant parts (7) (9) (11). In comparison with other titi monkeys, insects make up a considerable portion of the San Martin titi monkey's diet, particularly when other foods are scarce (7) (11).
The San Martin titi monkey is monogamous, living in a family group of around two to six, consisting of a strongly bonded adult pair and their young. The adult male leads the group in their foraging movements and often carries an infant when it is not nursing from the female (5). The adult male and female are territorial and defend their territory with loud vocalisations and aggression towards other individuals (3) (8).
Like other titi monkeys, the San Martin titi monkey is likely to give birth to one infant a year, after a gestation period of about five to six months (3) (5). Group members are very social and affectionate with one another and are frequently seen intertwining tails when they are sitting near to each other (5).
The main threat to the San Martin titi monkey is massive deforestation and habitat fragmentation within its restricted range. As a result, its population is estimated to have declined by over 80 percent in the past 25 years (1). The forests that this monkey inhabits are being torn down for timber, firewood and to cultivate rice, coffee and other crops, and titi groups are becoming increasingly isolated in the remaining forest fragments (1) (7) (10).
Deforestation in the region has been exacerbated by high levels of immigration and the construction of a major paved highway. The influx of immigrants has also resulted in a change from traditional subsistence and small-scale farming (1) (7) (10).
A further threat to the San Martin titi monkey comes from hunting for its meat (1) (7) (8) (10). Although not usually targeted by hunters, this species is likely to be taken when other game species become scarce and as habitat fragmentation increases access to the forest (1) (10). It is also commonly captured for the local pet trade (1) (7) (8) (10).
International trade in the San Martin titi monkey should be carefully regulated under this species' listing on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (4).
Unfortunately, little attention has so far been given to forest conservation within the San Martin titi monkey's range (1) (10). The Department of San Martín has 13 municipal protected areas, but most are poorly demarcated and routinely invaded by immigrants (10). However, the San Martin titi monkey may occur on some reserves, including Pabloyacu (10) and the Bosque de Protección de Alto Mayo (1).
Outside of protected areas, the indigenous Aguaruna community will play an important role in the protection of the San Martin titi monkey as it occupies large tracts of remaining forest. However, much of this land is rented to farmers for the production of rice, papaya and coffee (10).
Recommended conservation strategies for the protection of isolated titi monkey populations include surveying all possible habitats (1) (7) (10) and working with landowners to protect the San Martin titi monkey on their land (10). It will also be important to regulate new and existing farming settlements and to provide forest corridors to reconnect isolated titi monkey groups (7).
In 2007, the Proyecto Mono Tocón was set up with the aim of conserving the San Martin titi monkey and its habitat. This project works directly with local people, governments and other organisations to perform conservation, research and environmental education activities and to establish community conservation areas (1) (12). It is also investigating the possibility of creating a protected area in forest near Moyobamba, specifically to help conserve this highly threatened primate (12).
Find out more about the San Martin titi monkey and its conservation:
Proyecto Mono Tocón:
More information on primate conservation:
IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
- Arboreal: an animal which lives or spends a large amount of time in trees.
- Endemic: a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
- Gestation: the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth.
- Monogamous: having only one mate during a breeding season, or throughout the breeding life of a pair.
- Prehensile: capable of grasping.
- Secondary forest: forest that has re-grown after a major disturbance, such as fire or timber harvest, but has not yet reached the mature state of primary forest.
- Territorial: describes an animal, a pair of animals or a colony that occupies and defends an area.
- Territory: an area occupied and defended by an animal, a pair of animals or a colony.
IUCN Red List (June, 2011)
- Hershkovitz, P. (1990) Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana Zoology, 55: 1-109.
- Macdonald, D.W. (2006) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
CITES (July, 2012)
- Nowak, R.M. (1999) Walker's Primates of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
- Thomas, O. (1924) New Callicebus, Conepatus and Oecomys from Peru. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9(14): 286-288.
- DeLuycker, A.M. (2006) Preliminary report and conservation status of the Río Mayo titi monkey, Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924, in the Alto Mayo Valley, northeastern Peru. Primate Conservation, 21: 33-39.
- Bóveda-Penalba, A.J., Vermeer, J., Rodrigo,


What is the role of job owner in SQL Server? How does it affect job?
role of job owner account
When SQL Server Agent run the schedule job it will check for the permission of the job owner, if job owner is non-sysadmin account, SQL Server logs into job using its own credential and switches the context of the job to non-sysadmin job owner account.
You can see the job history below message for the security context switch
Executed as user: Jugal
If the job owner is sysAdmin account SQL Agent will run the job under its own security context, for example job owner is SA which is SQL Server Sysadmin account. You can see in the job history, SQL Server service account.
Executed as user: SQL Server Service account
It is recommended that individual user accounts should not be set as the owner of the agent jobs because of the security issue and to avoid the important job failures, in case individual account deleted or required permission revoked due to role change or account disable in active directory.
Instead of using individual user accounts as job owner dedicated account with the least privileges should be created to run SQL Server agent jobs.
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text:
Thank The Simple Wasp For That Complex Glass Of Wine
Originally published on Mon October 22, 2012 9:33 am
That's because those big scary flying insects whose stings can be especially painful may be the secret to the wonderful complex aroma and flavor of wine. "Wasps are indeed one of wine lovers' best friends," says Duccio Cavalieri, a professor of microbiology at the University of Florence in Italy.
Cavalieri and his colleagues discovered that these hornets and wasps bite the grapes and help start the fermentation while grapes are still on the vines. They do that by spreading a yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae — commonly known as brewer's yeast and responsible for wine, beer and bread fermentation — in their guts. When the wasps bite into the fruit, they leave some of that yeast behind.
Cavalieri says one of the reasons the discovery is so exciting for him is that it's an example of just how connected the natural world is and how humans rely on this interconnection in ways we simply cannot perceive.
"It's important because it's telling to me it's crucial to look at conservation and the study of biodiversity," says Cavalieri, one of the authors who published his findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recently.
"Everything is linked," he adds.
Of course, Cavalieri says, winemakers can add yeast later. But wines would not taste the same without wasps. Different yeasts applied at different times have a big impact on flavors. The wasps also introduce other microorganisms to the grapes, which add flavors to the wine.
"One of the most beautiful things of wine is the fact that basically it's complex; it's made of several parts and it communicates to several parts of your brain," he says, which could be lost without the wasps and hornets.
Cavalieri comes by his interest in wine naturally. He's from a family of winemakers in the Chianti region of Italy. He first had the inkling of hornets' special role when he saw them piercing the skin of grapes during field research in the region 15 years ago.
Insects have long helped out with wine and other crops, we just didn't know why. At least since the time of the ancient Romans, winemakers have planted flowers near their vines to lure certain insects.
The researchers were able to unwrap the mystery of the insects' role by using DNA sequencing techniques to analyze the genes of the yeast, then tracing them to the guts of wasps. They even did a lab experiment to see if hornets could pass the yeast to their offspring, and they did.
Other insects and birds also carry the yeast, Cavalieri says.But hornets seem to play a special role because they both harbor the yeast over winters and can pass them along to their offspring.
You can imagine a vineyard might be interested in pest control — but perhaps it should be careful about which bugs it considers pests.
Evolutionary biologist Anne Pringle of Harvard, who was not involved in the study, says the findings have two strong messages: Great wines need bugs and people still know almost nothing about ecology.
"If you'd like to have your grapes fermented by local yeasts, which I think many vineyards do, then you have to have these insects around," she says.
STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:
Before the next time you take a sip of wine, you might want to make a toast to wasps. Those big scary insects play a key role in making wine, we're told. NPR's Elizabeth Shogren reports new research reveals their special function and suggests that preserving biodiversity might be more important than you think.
ELIZABETH SHOGREN, BYLINE: Years ago, Italian microbiologist Duccio Cavalieri was doing field research in the vineyards of the Chianti region, and he noticed something special about the relationship between grapes and wasps, particularly a type of wasp called the European hornet.
DUCCIO CAVALIERI: If you are looking at the berry and who was eating the berry, who could actually eat the berry were these big hornets.
SHOGREN: Other insects couldn't pierce grape skin. Cavalieri had an inkling that he was observing an important secret about wine. It took nearly 15 years and some sophisticated DNA sequencing to prove his hunch.
CAVALIERI: Wasps are indeed one of wine lovers' best friends.
SHOGREN: It turns out wasps have yeast in their bellies and they regurgitate it into the grapes they bite. Yeast is the stuff that turns grape juice into wine. The type of yeast a winemaker uses will affect the way it tastes. So the yeast in the wasps gut gets passed into the wine and imbues it with the flavor of the region.
CAVALIERI: Since the times of the Romans we have realized that it was important to improve some qualities and characteristics of the wine to have flowers and insects around the vineyard. And now we really know more about it.
SHOGREN: Cavalieri comes from a family of winemakers in the Chianti region, so he's delighted to be able to unveil one of the mysteries of wine. He published his team's results in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He says what's really important to him about his discovery is that it hints at just how interconnected the natural world is.
CAVALIERI: I think everything is linked.
SHOGREN: Those links aren't always apparent to us. Winemakers never knew that wasps were kicking off the fermentation process for them.
CAVALIERI: Yet, if we lose this, we lose complexity. And one of the most beautiful things of wine is the fact that basically it's complex, it's made of several parts and it communicates to several parts of your brain.
SHOGREN: Harvard evolutionary biologist Anne Pringle wasn't involved in the research, but she says it sends a warning to wine growers who might be inclined to use pesticides to get rid of wasps and hornets.
ANNE PRINGLE: If you'd like to have your grapes fermented by local yeasts, which I think many vineyards do, then you have to have these insects around.
SHOGREN: Pringle says there's a larger message.
PRINGLE: Personally, what this tells me is how little we know about how the world works and we're running out of time.
SHOGREN: The natural world is changing quickly because of stresses like climate change, invasive species, habitat loss and pollution. And Pringle says many species already have been lost or may soon vanish before we learn what magic they perform for Earth's ecology.
Elizabeth Shogren, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.


text:
National Daughter's Day is a special observance that focuses on celebrating the bond between daughters and their families, as well as highlighting the unique relationship between a daughter and her parents. This day encourages families to acknowledge the importance of their daughters and empowers them to strive for success, happiness, and fulfillment in their lives. The observance also promotes the equal treatment of daughters and sons, seeking to break down traditional gender roles and restrictions that may hinder the aspirations of young girls.
Though the origin of National Daughter's Day is not well-documented, it is believed to have emerged as a response to traditional celebrations that often only recognized sons, such as Father's Day and Mother's Day. Canada, being a country with a culture that supports gender equality and diversity, embraces this day as an opportunity to celebrate the achievements and contributions of daughters across the nation. The inclusion of National Daughter's Day in Canadian society not only strengthens family ties but also reiterates the importance of empowering and encouraging young women to reach their fullest potential.
National Daughter's Day is observed in Canada by families dedicating time to their daughters, engaging in meaningful activities, and appreciating the unique qualities they bring to the family dynamic. It offers an opportunity for parents to express their love and support for their daughters, as well as fostering a strong foundation for a healthy and loving relationship as they grow. Although there is no specific date assigned to National Daughter's Day in Canada, it is typically celebrated during the month of September, aligning with observances in other countries.
Top Tweets for National Daughter's Day -Updated
National Daughter's Day facts
In the News and Trending in Canada for National Daughter's DayUpdated Daughters Day 2023 Celebration
edmontonarts.caTulsa Zoo annouces name of youngest giraffe for National Daughters Day
kjrh.comHappy Daughter's Day 2023 Wishes Messages
abplive.comChase McDaniel Gives His Song 'Your Daughter' New Life In Honor Of National Daughter's Day
Top things to do in Canada for National Daughter's Day
References and related siteswww.nationaldaughtersday.org: National Daughters Day 2022


- NEW! 64 SFP Blade
 Adds data rate and media flexibility from 10m to 32G including RJ45 copper Ethernet and copper/fiber media conversions
 The Game Changer in Lab Infrastructure Automation
 The ONLY Layer 1 switch that supports any media from 10mb to 128Gb in the SAME CHASSIS
 WFH or from anywhere in the world
 Sustain continuous test lab operations with remote configuration and test execution
 - Finally a viable Layer 1 solution!
 You no longer have to choose between performance/features and affordability. ColdFusion is the ONLY Layer 1 Switch to offer:
 - Any media: Multimode, Singlemode, AOC, DAC, RJ45 copper Ethernet in the same chassis
 - Any speed: from 10mb to 128GB
 - Highest scale: 512 10/32GB SFP ports or 256 QSFP 128GB ports (1024 using 1:4 breakout cables)
 - Flexible, affordable, scalable configurations
 How does a Layer 1 Switch Work?
 The easiest way to think of a Layer 1 switch, also known as a physical layer switch, is as an electronic patch panel. Completely transparent connections between ports is performed based on software commands sent over the control interface. In testing environments, this allows the tests to be as accurate as if there were a patch cord between the devices.
 Why is Layer 1 Important?
 Automating the physical connectivity in a lab environment is the final roadblock to total automation. If the physical layer is manually configured, human intervention will always be required. This also supports a low-contact, work-from-anywhere environment.
 - Test configurations executed in seconds vs. hours
 - Secure, remote access to lab from anywhere
 - Human error, errant results, and retests are eliminated
 - Equipment use is maximized
 All Posts


Teachers are named to restrict certain behaviors of students. The teacher's reputation in the dream represented a warning.
Dreaming of the teacher calling:
Dreaming of the teacher's name indicates that relatives and friends in different places will have difficulties and need their own help.
Dreaming about the teacher's own name indicates that there will be a lack of technology and experience in the career, failing to keep up with the pace, and cause career losses.
I dreamed that my friend called himself to school, and the teacher named him, indicating that he would develop new business and increase the source of income.
Dream teacher name, he called the students in the classroom and school, indicating their careers will improve relationships because there is a good improvement.
Dreaming of teachers in other classrooms being named, foreshadows that they will be conspired by villains, resulting in loss of money.
Record dreams


text:
Yabuuchi et al. 1993
Burkholderia gladioli is a species of bacteria that needs oxygen (aerobic) and is shaped like a rod. It causes disease in humans and plants and can live in symbiosis with plants and fungi. It is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals.


text:
SHRM Assurance of Learning
Assurance of Learning Assessment for Graduating HR Students:
The Society for Human Resource Management's (SHRM) Assurance of Learning Assessment for graduating HR students is the new universal benchmark for students who are completing an HR degree and who have little to no work experience in HR. It benefits students by showing employers the student has acquired the minimum knowledge required to be a successful HR professional, and it gives recent graduates an important advantage over other entry-level candidates by showing the student has achieved the Certificate of Learning upon passing an exit exam. The assessment helps universities meet their accrediting body's assurance of learning requirements because it helps show the HR degree program teaches what it states it will teach. And, it helps employers know that the student has taken an additional step to ensure their degree, complemented by the Certificate of Learning achievement, adequately prepares them for their career in HR. As part of SHRM's broader academic initiative, the Assessment represents an important step along an HR professional's career development path. It complements both formal classroom knowledge acquired through a degree program and experiential learning gained through internships. To learn more, visit the Assurance of Learning page on the SHRM website.


text:
It looks like a simple text area, but the Sequel Ace Query view is as powerful as your favorite text editor. Write queries like a boss!
The Query Favourites are a powerful feature that makes it easy to rerun saved queries or to write dynamic and customizable reusable queries. Learn more about Query Favorites …
A tab trigger is used as keyboard shortcut to insert the corresponding query favorite into the Custom Query Editor. It can contain any alphanumeric character but no spaces or punctuation signs.
A tab snippet represents an insertion point of the cursor within a query favorite. To navigate through defined tab snippets use


text:
trans-2,3-diethyloxirane (or trans-3,4-epoxyhexane)
Work Step by Step
Since its a three-atom ring with one of them being O, it is an oxirane. There are two ethyl groups at carbon 2 and 3 respectively, so it 2,3-diethyl. And since they are trans to each other, it is trans-2,3-diethyloxirane. 3,4-epoxyhexane is also right because the oxygen is connected to the longest chain at carbon 3 and 4.


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December 14, 2008 Dutch designer Neils Smeltink's clever multifunctional bike design can adapt to the needs of children as they become older by easily transforming from a bicycle to a scooter or a walking bike. Younger children will love to use it as a walking bike or scooter while older children can use it as a real bike.
The "Kid Balance" is great as a walking bike for younger children and will teach important motor skills such as balance, coordination and how to project themselves forward. Once they become confident, you simply add on a crank axle and you have a bicycle with pedals.
The conversion from scooter is just as simple, you pull the handle and the scooter becomes a walking bike.
See more of Smeltnick's interesting designs here.
Just enter your friends and your email address into the form below
For multiple addresses, separate each with a comma


This interview is with Jeanne Feldkamp and Dan Diephouse of Corollary Wines. In this interview, the couple talks about their journey before getting into the wine industry, and how they ended up in Oregon. They speak about the logistics of starting their label and the meaning behind the name, how they've adjusted to COVID-19, and how what they find so exciting about sparkling wine here. They then touch on what sustainability means to them when looking for grapes, and how they would describe their winemaking philosophy. Towards the end of the interview, they answer what the purpose of wine is in society, what they hope consumers will take away from their wines, and what they have seen in the future for themselves and Oregon.
This interview was conducted by Rich Schmidt at their home in Dundee on June 5, 2020.


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- Security >
On this page
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a client. When access control, i.e. authorization, is enabled, MongoDB requires all clients to authenticate themselves in order to determine their access.
Although authentication and authorization are closely connected, authentication is distinct from authorization. Authentication verifies the identity of a user; authorization determines the verified user's access to resources and operations.
For the mongo shell and the MongoDB tools, you can also authenticate a user by passing in the user authentication information from the command line.
MongoDB supports a number of authentication mechanisms that clients can use to verify their identity. These mechanisms allow MongoDB to integrate into your existing authentication system.
MongoDB supports multiple authentication mechanisms:
Changed in version 3.0: New challenge-response users created in 3.0 will use SCRAM-SHA-1. If using 2.6 user data, MongoDB 3.0 will continue to use MONGODB-CR.
In addition to supporting the aforementioned mechanisms, MongoDB Enterprise also supports the following mechanisms:
In addition to verifying the identity of a client, MongoDB can require members of replica sets and sharded clusters to authenticate their membership to their respective replica set or sharded cluster. See Internal Authentication for more information.
Authentication on Sharded Clusters¶
In sharded clusters, clients generally authenticate directly to the mongos instances. However, some maintenance operations may require authenticating directly to a specific shard. For more information on authentication and sharded clusters, see Sharded Cluster Users.


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In One Thousand and One Nights, what is the effect of the narrator of the tales being a woman, and are these stories told from a female perspective?
1 Answer | Add Yours
The tales Scheherazade tells are spoken through a distant objective narrator who doesn't add comments or illumination (the opposite of a Jane Austen written narrator). Therefore the gender of the oral narrator isn't heard in the narrating voice. This is a complex narrator, though, because the frame story tells that Scheherazade is orally telling the tales, nonetheless we are reading the tales as they are being told. As a result, the narrator of Scheherazade's tales comes to us as a written narrator when in fact Scheherazade's tales are oral ones.
The only time Scheherazade's gender is recognizable in the text is during elements that compose the frame story, when she is with the King and her sister and the reader witnesses her while about to begin a tale or having interrupted a tale. At these times, the narrative element becomes more complex because there is a distant third person narrator who is narrating the frame and telling about Scheherazade, as is seen in "The Tale Of The Bull And The Ass."
Since Scheherazade's narratorial voice during the telling of her tales (regardless of the depth of nesting of tales as in "The Tale Of The Ensorceled Prince") is as distant a voice as the frame narrator's, there is no notable difference between the two and therefore no notable gender effect in the narration of her tales. In addition, the tales are told with the perspective on women that was extant during the era of their origination. Therefore scenes are recounted wherein women are beaten by husbands or kicked aside while unconscious by court officials. Women are also represented as sorceress and as those who engage in vile acts. Thus it must be concluded that they are not told from a female perspective, even though Scheherazade is the interior narrator, bearing in mind that the frame narrator who brings Scheherazade to life is of unidentified gender.
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text:
- 1 Change Proposal: Add role attribute and enhance ARIA lexical processing guidance
Change Proposal: Add role attribute and enhance ARIA lexical processing guidance
Complete section 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA to provide complete language support by introducing appropriate attributes and their definitions.
Lexical processing requirements for ARIA role, state, and property attributes are vague in HTML. While they are defined in other places, authors must know to follow a series of links to find all the requirements. This proposal provides more explicit references to additional processing requirements.
This change proposal provides the data needed to address Issue 199: Define complete processing requirements for ARIA attributes.
Clarify the existing ARIA section
People seemed to be misreading the relationship of the parts of the section so this editorial change should help to distinguish them better. Add the following structure to 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA to accommodate the remaining additions.
- Before the paragraph beginning "The following table defines the strong native semantics..." add a header "Strong Native Semantics".
- Before the paragraph beginning "Some HTML elements have native semantics that can be overridden" add a header "Implicit ARIA Semantics".
Define ARIA attributes
ARIA Role Attribute
Add a new section to 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA before the header "Strong Native Semantics" proposed above. The new section header is "ARIA Role Attribute" with the following content:
Every HTML element may have an ARIA
roleattribute specified. This is an ARIA Role attribute as defined by the Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) specification Section 5.4 Definition of Roles.
The attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a set of space-separated tokens representing the various WAI-ARIA roles that the element belongs to.
[Implementer only section] The WAI-ARIA role that an HTML element has assigned to it is the first non-abstract role found in the list of values generated when the
roleattribute is split on spaces.
State and Property Attributes
Add a new section to 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA before the header "Strong Native Semantics" proposed above and after the section "Role Attribute" proposed above. The new section header is "State and Property Attributes". The section should have the following content (known to need wording enhancement to improve readability; expectation is the implementing editor will wordsmith and check with the group before finally committing to the spec):
Every HTML element may have ARIA state and property attributes specified. These attributes are defined by the Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) specification in Section 6.6, Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes).
These attributes, if specified, must have a value that is the ARIA value type in the "Value" field of the definition for the state or property, mapped to the appropriate HTML value type according to Section 10.2 Mapping WAI-ARIA Value types to languages using the HTML 5 mapping.
ARIA State and Property attributes can be used on any element. They are not always meaningful, however, and in such cases user agents might not perform any processing aside from including them in the DOM. State and property attributes are processed according to the requirements of the sections [Strong Native Semantics] and [Implicit ARIA semantics], the WAI-ARIA User Agent Implementation Guide [ARIA-IMPLEMENTATION], and the Accessible Rich Internet Applications 1.0 [ARIA] specification.
- Provides an explicit hook for ARIA in HTML 5.
- Allows forwards compatibility of ARIA roles by not disallowing unrecognized values.
- Does not explicitly permit custom roles, but does not define consequences for using them aside from noting that such roles could later be defined by ARIA.
Conformance Classes Changes
This change proposal should have the effect only of clarifying lexical processing for ARIA without introducing conformance changes. It is possible conformance checkers with incorrect processing due to earlier ambiguity would need to be updated.
Implementers must use several specifications to arrive at a complete implementation model for ARIA in HTML 5. This increases the risk that implementations will be incomplete or erroneous.
This change proposal was originally drafted by Michael Cooper, and reflects an attempt to harmonize with Ted O'Connor's counter proposal according to discussion of this and Ian Hickson's critique in the 3 May 2012 HTML WG Face to Face discussion of the topic.


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The Most Common MIG Weld Defects on Aluminum and Steel and How to Avoid Them
This article was originally prepared for and published in Sign Media Canada (_URL_).
Some of the most common weld defects are porosity, lack of fusion and burn through, with aluminum presenting a few more welding challenges than steel. Aluminum conducts heat about six times faster than steel, plus it has excellent thermal conductivity coupled with a low melting point, making it extremely susceptible to warping and burn-through. Additionally, aluminum wire has less tensile strength, which can pose wire feeding issues and lead to weld defects if the correct equipment is not used. We'll highlight the differences here.
Shielding gas protects the molten weld pool from the surrounding atmosphere, which would otherwise contaminate the weld. Figure 1 shows how the lack of shielding gas on steel can cause porosity (pinholes) in the weld bead are formed in the face and weld interior in the absence of shielding gas. Lack of shielding gas can be caused by improper setting on the equipment, a hole in the gun liner or wind blowing the shielding gas away.
FIG. 1. No Shielding Gas on Steel - A lack of or inadequate shielding gas is easily identified by the porosity and (pinholes) in the face and interior of the weld.
On aluminum, a sooty looking weld (FIG.2) can be caused by using a drag vs. a push technique (FIG. 3, below). The soot can be removed, but cutting the weld open will reveal pinholes where impurities are trapped in the weld. Aluminum builds up an oxide that needs to be removed before welding. Wire brushing is the most common method of cleaning aluminum, but it needs to be done with a stainless steel brush to avoid contaminating the weld with the impurities of a steel brush.
Push vs. drag technique. On steel, either pushing or dragging the gun is acceptable, but with aluminum, the drag technique will lead to weld defects.
Lack of Fusion
Lack of fusion can occur when the voltage or wire feed speed is set too low, or when the operator's travel speed is too fast. Because aluminum conducts heat much faster than steel, it is prone to lack of fusion at the start of a weld until enough energy is put into the weld. Some welding equipment addresses this by automatically ramping up the current at the start of a weld and then decreasing it to avoid too much heat build up.
With aluminum, craters can form at the end of a weld. If they are not filled in, they create a stress point, which can lead to cracking. This requires the user to quickly trigger the gun again to fill in the crater, although some welding machines offer a crater timer that will fill in the crater when the gun trigger is released.
Too much heat input can be caused by setting voltage or wire feed speed too high or by too slow of a travel speed. This can lead to warping or burn through especially on the thinner materials found in the sign industry, aluminum being more prone to the effects than steel. Generally aluminum requires a faster travel speed than steel to avoid heat build up.
Because of its low columnar strength, feeding aluminum wire has been likened to pushing a wet noodle through a straw. "Birdnesting," or the tangling of the wire between the drive roll and the liner is a common, time-consuming and costly problem. Clearing it requires the operator to stop welding, cut the wire, discard the wire in the gun, and refeed new wire through the liner. It also may require cleaning or changing the contact tip because of the burnback caused when the wire stops feeding. There are several ways to feed aluminum wire: Push only, spool gun, push-pull system and continuous feed push only system.
Push only: Feeding aluminum wire through a push only system can be difficult, but it can be done on a limited basis. It requires u-groove drive rolls to provide more surface contact with the wire, a Teflon liner, adequate drive-roll pressure, the ability to keep the gun cable straight and a high tolerance for pain.
Spool Gun: A spool gun, such as the Spoolmatic® 15A or 30A, eliminates the possibility of birdnesting by putting a 4-inch (1-lb.) spool on the gun, so the wire only feeds a few inches. Spool guns can accommodate aluminum wire diameters from.023 to 1/16-inch and allow the operator to use longer cables (15'-50').
A spool gun needs to have the roll changed after every pound of wire is used, compared with the 8- or 15 lb spool on a push-pull system.
Push-pull gun: With a push-pull gun, a motor in the gun pulls the wire through the liner, while the motor in the welder or feeder control becomes an assist motor. By maintaining consistent tension on the wire, the push-pull system helps eliminate birdnesting. It is more ergonomic than the spool gun, since the weight of the spool is not in the operator's hands.
Also, the spool needs to be changed less often than on a spool gun and allows the purchase of larger spools. However, remember that aluminum builds up an oxide layer after being exposed to air for a while. If you only go through a pound or two of aluminum a week, the smaller spool may be a better choice.
Choosing the right equipment
Choosing the right equipment can address many of these problems before they occur. AutoSetTM technology, as found on many of Miller's Millermatic welders, relieves the operator of having to dial in parameters when welding steel. With Auto-Set, the operator simply dials in the thickness of the steel and the diameter of the wire being used, and the machine sets the optimal voltage and wire feed speed.
For fine tuning, or for welding aluminum, a machine equipped with infinite voltage control, such as the Millermatic 212 AutoSet or Millermatic 252, allows the operator to fine tune settings to avoid putting too much or too little heat into the weld. Older equipment may use tapped settings that can make it more difficult to set, especially when welding thin material.
In addition, both the Millermatic 212 and Millermatic 252 can use spool guns to allow easy set up for both steel and aluminum welding. The Millermatic 252 also features Auto Gun DetectTM, so the operator only has to pick up the MIG or spool gun and pull the trigger to start welding.
For more dedicated aluminum welding, a machine such as the Millermatic 350P, features pulsed MIG welding, which helps eliminate burn through on thin materials. In addition, it features an XR-Aluma-ProTM push-pull gun, which helps eliminate wire feeding issues. Additional technology, such as Aluminum Pulse Hot StartTM provides more power at the start of a weld to avoid the "cold start" to which aluminum welding is prone.
The photo above shows an example of a good weld on steel. Below are photos of a selection of bad welds that can result from a variety of potential problems, including the following:
Voltage Too Low - Too little voltage results in poor arc starts, control and penetration. It also causes excessive spatter, a convex bead profile, and poor tie-in at the toes of the weld.
Wire Feed Speed/Amperage Too High - Setting the wire feed speed or amperage too high (depending on what type of machine you're using) can cause poor arc starts and lead to an excessively wide weld bead, burn-through and distortion.
Wire Feed Speed/Amperage Too Low - A narrow, oftentimes convex bead with poor tie-in at the toes of the weld marks insufficient amperage.
Travel Speed Too Fast - A narrow convex bead with inadequate tie-in at the toes of the weld, insufficient penetration and an inconsistent weld bead are caused by traveling too fast.
Travel Speed Too Slow - Traveling too slowly may produce a large weld with excessive heat input resulting in heat distortion and possible burn through. In most cases, proper travel speed is when the arc is on the leading edge of the puddle.
Voltage Too High: Too much voltage is marked by poor arc control, inconsistent penetration, and a turbulent weld pool that fails to consistently penetrate the base material.


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Possible Duplicate:
"Nikki's and Alice's X" vs. "Nikki and Alice's X"
(writers' and teachers' wages) or (writers and teachers' wages)
writers and teachers are both plural
When you have multiple nouns, and all those nouns own the same thing, do you put the apostrophe showing possesion in all the nouns or just the last noun?
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marked as duplicate by coleopterist, MετάEd, jwpat7, Cameron, Jasper Loy Oct 16 '12 at 6:31
This question can be improved by citing reference works you have already consulted to try to answer your own question before asking here. Let us know why you feel the results were inadequate. – MετάEd Oct 16 '12 at 3:28
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
According to The Grammar Bible by Michael Strumpf (page 29), in a section on "Possessive Case":
Sometimes possession is shared by several nouns. In these cases, just make the last word in the series possessive.
 - America and Canada's timber resources are dwindling
 - Thomas and French's discovery shocked the world.
 - Leslie and Eric's lasagna is to die for.
These sentences all contain nouns that show joint ownership. In the first sentence, the resources belong to America and Canada. In the second sentence, the discovery belongs to both Thomas and French. In the third sentence, the lasagna belongs to both Eric and Leslie.
To show individual ownership, apply the possessive sign to each item in the series.
 - America's and Canada's timber resources are dwindling
 - Thomas's and French's discoveries shocked the world. [Note: I personally would have used Thomas' instead of Thomas's.]
 - Leslie's and Eric's lasagnas are to die for.
In these examples, each noun has individual ownership of resources, of a discovery, or of a lasagna. These things are not shared.
In your example, if you followed the above advice, you would write either: The writers and teachers' wages were stagnant. Or The writers' and teachers' wages were stagnant. It depends on if you consider the ownership of wages joint or individual. I would actually recommend rewording this anyway: The wages of the writers and teachers were stagnant.
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+1 As it is according to common sense as well. – Kris Oct 16 '12 at 5:10
I would definitely include the apostrophes on both, to avoid ambiguity. "Writers and teachers' wages have gone up" could be misinterpreted to mean writers themselves have somehow gone up. Most people would probably be able to intuit your meaning, but it might require a quick second reading (which you never want as a writer).
It follows the same sort of rule as suspended hyphens, as in "He had great shortand long-term memory." The first word should carry some punctuation to show its relationship to what follows.
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-electron systems. For example, the dielectric function, instrumental in the calculation of spectroscopic quantities (e.g. EELS) and the screened interaction needed in ''GW'', is related to the polarization matrix through :math:'{\varepsilon(\mathbf{k},\omega)=1-P(\mathbf{k},\omega)v(\mathbf{k})}', here given in matrix notation. The corresponding explicit formula for matrix elements of ''P'' in the mixed product basis is
:math:'{P_{\mu\nu}(\mathbf{k},\omega)=2\sum_{\mathbf{q}}^{\mathrm{BZ}}\sum_{n}^{\mathrm{occ}}\sum_{n'}^{\mathrm{unocc}}\langle M_{\mathbf{k}\mu} \phi_{\mathbf{q}n} | \phi_{\mathbf{k+q}n'} \rangle\langle \phi_{\mathbf{k+q}n'} | \phi_{\mathbf{q}n} M_{\mathbf{k}\nu} \rangle \cdot\left(\frac{1}{\omega+\epsilon_{\mathbf{q}n}-\epsilon_{\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{k}n'}+i\eta}-\frac{1}{\omega-\epsilon_{\mathbf{q}n}+\epsilon_{\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{k}n'}-i\eta}\right) =\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{S_{\mu\nu}(\mathbf{k},\omega')}{\omega-\omega'+i\eta\mathrm{sgn}(\omega')}d\omega'\,.}' [[_TAG_:P]]
We have implicitly defined the spectral function ''S'' in the last equation, an explicit expression for which is basically given by the formula in the middle with the :math:'{1/(\omega...)}' replaced by :math:'{\delta(\omega...)}'. (Technically, the :math:'{M_{\mathbf{k}\mu}(\mathbf{r})}' form the eigenbasis of the Coulomb matrix, so they are linear combinations of the mixed product basis functions.)
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text:
A module containing the ALT constructs. An ALT (a term inherited from occam) is a choice between several alternate events. In CHP, we say that an event must support alting to be a valid choice. Events that do support alting are:
Examples of events that do NOT support alting are:
It is not easily possible to represent this at the type level (while still making CHP easy to use). Therefore it is left to you to not try to alt over something that does not support it. Given how much of the library does support alting, that should hopefully be straightforward.
Here are some examples of using alting:
liftM Just (readChannel c) <-> (waitFor _PHONE_ >> return Nothing)
liftM Just (readChannel c) (skip >> return Nothing)
readChannel c0 <-> readChannel c1
(readChannel c >>= writeChannel d) skip
Note that if you wait for a sequential composition:
(readChannel c >>= writeChannel d) <-> (writeChannel e 6 >> readChannel f)
This only waits for the first action in both (reading from channel c, or writing to channel e), not for all of the actions (as, for example, an STM transaction would).
|An alt between several actions, with arbitrary priority. The first available action is chosen (with an arbitrary choice if many actions are available at the same time), its body run, and its value returned.|
|A useful operator to perform an alt. This operator is associative, and has arbitrary priority. When you have lots of guards, it is probably easier to use the alt function. alt may be more efficent than foldl1 (<->)|
An alt between several actions, with descending priority. The first available action is chosen (biased towards actions nearest the beginning of the list), its body run, and its value returned.
What priority means here is a difficult thing, and in some ways a historical artifact. We can group the guards into three categories:
1. synchronisation guards (reading from and writing to channels, and synchronising on barriers)
2. time-out guards (such as Control.Concurrent.CHP.Monad.waitFor)
3. dummy guards (Control.Concurrent.CHP.Monad.skip and Control.Concurrent.CHP.Monad.stop)
There exists priority when comparing dummy guards to anything else. So for example,
priAlt [ skip, x ]
Will always select the first guard, whereas:
priAlt [ x, skip ]
Is an effective way to poll and see if x is ready, otherwise the Control.Concurrent.CHP.Monad.skip will be chosen. However, there is no priority between synchronisation guards and time-out guards. So the two lines:
priAlt [ x, y ] priAlt [ y, x ]
May have the same or different behaviour (when x and y are not dummy guards), there is no guarantee either way. The reason behind this is that if you ask for:
priAlt [ readChannel c, writeChannel d 6 ]
And the process at the other end is asking for:
priAlt [ readChannel d, writeChannel c 8 ]
Whichever channel is chosen by both processes will not satisfy the priority at one end (if such priority between channels was supported).
|A useful operator to perform a priAlt. This operator is associative, and has descending priority (that is, it is left-biased). When you have lots of actions, it is probably easier to use the priAlt function. priAlt may be more efficent than foldl1 ()|
Runs all the given processes in parallel with each other, but only when the choice at the beginning of each item is ready.
So for example, if you do:
every [ readChannel c >>= writeChannel d, readChannel e >>= writeChannel f]
This will forward values from c and e to d and f respectively in parallel, but only once both channels c and e are ready to be read from. So f cannot be written to before c is read from (contrast this with what would happen if every were replaced with runParallel).
alt [ every [ readChannel c, readChannel d], every [ writeChannel e 6, writeChannel f 8] ]
Waits to either read from channels c and d, or to write to channels e and f.
The events involved can partially overlap, e.g.
alt [ every [ readChannel a, readChannel b], every [ readChannel a, writeChannel c 6] ]
This will wait to either read from channels a and b, or to read from a and write to c, whichever combination is ready first. If both are ready, the choice between them will be arbitrary (just as with any other choices; see alt for more details).
The sets can even be subsets of each other, such as:
alt [ every [ readChannel a, readChannel b], every [ readChannel a, readChannel b, readChannel b] ]
In this case there are no guarantees as to which choice will happen. Do not assume it will be the smaller, and do not assume it will be the larger.
Be wary of what happens if a single event is included multiple times in the same every, as this may not do what you expect (with or without choice). Consider:
every [ readChannel c >> writeChannel d 6, readChannel c >> writeChannel d 8 ]
What will happen is that the excecution will wait to read from c, but then it will execute only one of the bodies (an arbitrary choice). In general, do not rely on this behaviour, and instead try to avoid having the same events in an every. Also note that if you synchronise on a barrier twice in an every, this will only count as one member enrolling, even if you have two enrolled ends! For such a use, look at runParallel instead.
Also note that this currently applies to both ends of channels, so that:
every [ readChannel c, writeChannel c 2 ]
Will block indefinitely, rather than completing the communication.
Timeouts (e.g. Control.Concurrent.CHP.Monad.waitFor) are currently not supported. You can always get another process to synchronise on an event with you once a certain time has passed.
every [ readChannel c, alt [ readChannel d, readChannel e ] ]
To wait for c and (d or e) like this you must expand it out into (c and d) or (c and e):
alt [ every [ readChannel c, readChannel d], every [ readChannel c, readChannel e] ]
As long as x meets the conditions laid out above, every [x] will have the same behaviour as x.
Added in version 1.1.0
A useful operator that acts like every. The operator is associative and commutative (see every for notes on idempotence). When you have lots of things to join with this operator, it's probably easier to use the every function.
Added in version 1.1.0
|Produced by Haddock version 2.4.2|