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The Life of Streamers and How They Cope With Burnout
In 2019, "how to create a YouTube channel" became one of the most searched topics in the "how to…" segment. This shows that public interest in becoming content creators is quite high. And gaming is a pretty sexy category, especially in the midst of a pandemic like now. When people are asked not to travel unnecessarily, many people spend their free time playing games or watching game content.
It's just that, is being a content creator as easy as it looks? Indeed, content creators or streamers are not required to continuously give their best performance like esports athletes. However, that doesn't mean streamers and content creators have no problems at all. One of the challenges that streamers or content creators usually face is prolonged stress that can lead to burnout.
What is a Burnout and What are the Triggers?
Before we talk about burnout experienced by content streamers and creators, let's get a general understanding of burnout. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burnout syndrome is a chronic work-induced stress condition characterized by fatigue, irritation with work, and dissatisfaction. The question is, can a game streamer experience burnout?
To a gamer, getting paid to play games – and possibly fans anyway – may sound like a dream job. Early in a career as a streamer, a person may be willing to spend hours – or perhaps dozens – on broadcast. It's just that, as noted by Performance Psychologist, Landon Gorbenko, there will be times when a streamer becomes bored with his work. The reason is, it is not easy to create interesting video content every day.
"It's not always, but sometimes, viewers have expectations that the streamer's content will continue to get better over time. This will force streamers to live up to these expectations, "Gorbenko said in a video. "You have to adhere to the schedule you have set, you have to continue to be friendly because your broadcast is watched by many people. All of this tires your brain. "
According to the Polygon report, burnout among Twitch streamers and YouTube content creators is not a new problem. In 2015, Twitch introduced classes and seminars for casters so they could create better content. Not only that, these classes and seminars also function to help casters manage their time. Meanwhile, in 2014, Fast Company has written an article about how content creators are experiencing burnout because they have to keep creating content non-stop.
Olga Kay, a popular YouTuber at the time, admitted that she rarely left her apartment because of her busy schedule. "If I take a long time to rest, I have to work a lot harder when I come back to creating content," he said. "When I remember that I have to go back to creating content, it just makes me even more stressed."
In 2018, a number of well-known content creators, such as Felix "PewDiePie" Kjellberg, EthanKlein, and Saqib Ali Zahid aka Lirik have also talked about burnout and other mental problems they face. Through videos on YouTube or Twitter, they admit, it is difficult for them to continue creating content when they are also experiencing various mental problems such as anxiety disorders or even depression.
"I feel that the content I create is no longer interesting. I don't know why people keep watching the content I make, "said Lirik at the time. "I felt like I was in front of the stage without knowing what to say because I had run out of materials." She admitted that staying connected to the internet drained her energy and she felt that she had to rest. "I was thinking about what I would do in the future, changing my habits, finding new goals, and ultimately, finding meaning in life."
If writing or drawing is your hobby, you are definitely familiar with the terms "writer's block" or "artist's block". When you are saturated with these hobbies, you can stop for a moment to refresh your mind again. Unfortunately, for people who are in the creative industry, like streamers, they still have to create content no matter what they feel bored or not. In addition, a streamer cannot just stop broadcasting, because this can make them abandoned by the audience.
On Medium, Lauren Hallanan, VP of Live Streaming, The Meet Group, explained that, for most audiences, watching streamers is an activity to fill their spare time, something that is done in the middle of a lunch break or before bed. And this activity has become routine. Hence, when a streamer is not broadcasting at that time, they will switch to another streamer. Unlike television, which has limited channels, digital platforms like Twitch offer millions of streamers.
Thomas Vojnyk, VP of Community and Content, The Meet Group said, "Consistency is the key to success for a streamer, no matter what platform they use. However, we have lots of successful streamers who take a week's break without any warning. When they come back, they have to build their fanbase again. "
When compared to content creators, streamers also have one other problem. Unlike content creators who can still get views from old videos, streamers can only get viewers when they broadcast. That means, the more often and the longer a streamer broadcasts, the better. It's just that, broadcasting for hours every day, this kind of lifestyle will end in burnout.
"One of the problems faced by YouTubers or content creators is that you are required to continue to provide better content," said PewDiePie. He told me how he had to look cheerful even though he was playing a game he didn't like. "I think there are many people who are shackled by these demands. That they must continue to provide better content. " And the pressure to continue to provide content that is attractive to viewers, this can make a content creator do things that are not ethical. PewDiePie cites vlogger Logan Paul as an example.
In early 2018, Logan Paul was hit by controversy when he made a video in the Aokigahara forest, Japan. The forest at the foot of Mount Fuji is known as a place of suicide. While making a video, Paul and his friends found the body of an unknown man. Even though he looked surprised, Paul and his friends still had time to joke and laugh. This angered netizens.
"I don't think Logan is a bad guy," said PewDiePie. "In my opinion, he is just fixated on the idea that he should continue to make videos that get lots of views. If you make videos every day, it's hard to ensure that your viewers will continue to be interested in your content. "
The Importance of Rest For Content Creators and Streamers
Streamers and content creators are required to continue to provide high quality content. This leaves them vulnerable to burnout, according to Katrina Gay, National Director for Strategic Partnership, National Alliance on Mental Illness. And if a streamer or content creator decides to ignore their burnout, they can resent their job before they finally quit.
"Ensuring that you have a balanced lifestyle is very important," says Gay. "You have to be aware of the demands of your job. You have to understand that you cannot dedicate your life to just one area. You have to learn how to limit your work so you can focus on other parts of your life."
According to Gorbenko, one way to avoid burnout is to plan breaks. "If you don't plan for breaks, sometimes you will continue to work, play and broadcast," he said. He suggested, when taking a break, a streamer should try other hobbies besides playing games.
"If a streamer is broadcasting and they find people toxic, or their performance is not very good, it will make them sad or angry," said Gorbenko. "If they have other hobbies, such as cooking, that hobby can become an emotional buffer. Taking on another hobby allows streamers to recuperate so that when they decide to go back to streaming, they can do it with gusto. "
Like Gorbenko, Gay also suggested that if a streamer or content creator starts to feel burnout, they should focus on other aspects of their life. He revealed, after taking a break, a streamer or creator will usually remember again about the reasons that made them interested in creating content or streaming for the first time. And this makes them feel the satisfaction they got when they started their careers again.
To avoid burnout, Gay said, a streamer or content creator must have self-awareness of their own limits. The reason is because they themselves decide when and for how long they have to work. "Nobody regulates your work schedule as a streamer," says Gay. "You have to be able to find your own work rhythm. The process of finding this out is not easy, but very important. "
For gamers, being a content streamer or creator is indeed a lucrative job. How come. A streamer's job is "just" playing games. A streamer was also cheered by his fans.
It's just that, to be able to build a fanbase, a streamer must broadcast consistently. When starting a career as a streamer, a person may be willing and able to broadcast for hours every day. However, how long would a person survive to force himself to work at such a rhythm of work? In the end, he will experience burnout or even burnout.
The only way to treat or prevent burnout, is to take a break. A streamer should tell his viewers if they want


text:
- The definition of a vine is a plant with long stems that grow along the ground or climb a support structure.
- An example of a vine is a grape plant.
- An example of a vine is honeysuckle.
Rows of grape vines.
- any plant with a long, thin stem that grows along the ground or climbs a wall or other support by means of tendrils, etc.
- the stem of such a plant
- grapevine (sense )
Origin of vineMiddle English ; from Old French vine ; from Classical Latin vinea, vine ; from vineus, pertaining to wine ; from vinum, wine, akin to Classical Greek oinē, vine, oinos, wine, probably a loanword from a pre-IE language of the Pontus region (from source Classical Hebrew (language) yayin)
- a. A weak-stemmed plant that derives its support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface.b. The stem of such a plant.
- a. A grapevine.b. Grapevines considered as a group: products of the vine.
intransitive verbvined, vin·ing, vines
Origin of vineMiddle English, from Old French, from Latin vīnea, from feminine of vīneus, of wine, from vīnum, wine.
- the climbing plant that produces grapes
- any plant of the genus Vitis
- (US) by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant
vine - Computer Definition
A mobile video sharing app that takes six-second videos for posting on Facebook and Twitter. Vine was founded in 2012 and acquired by Twitter that same year. The first app debuted in 2013 for the iPhone and iPod touch. See Twitter.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Friday, 15 August 2014
Pipelined Parallelism and Independent Parallelism
Pipelined Parallelism and Independent Parallelism / Types of Interoperation Parallelism / What is Pipelined Parallelism? / What is Independent Parallelism?
Interoperation Parallelism
It is about executing different operations of a query in parallel. A single query may involve multiple operations at once. We may exploit parallelism to achieve better performance of such queries. Consider the example query given below;
SELECT AVG(Salary) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept_Id;
It involves two operations. First one is an Aggregation and the second is grouping. For executing this query,
We need to group all the employee records based on the attribute Dept_Id first.
Then, for every group we can apply the AVG aggregate function to get the final result.
We can use Interoperation parallelism concept to parallelize these two operations.
[Note: Intra-operation is about executing single operation of a query using multiple processors in parallel]
The following are the variants using which we would achieve Interoperation Parallelism;
1. Pipelined Parallelism
2. Independent Parallelism
1. Pipelined Parallelism
In Pipelined Parallelism, the idea is to consume the result produced by one operation by the next operation in the pipeline. For example, consider the following operation;
r1 r2 r3 r4
The above expression shows a natural join operation. This actually joins four tables. This operation can be pipelined as follows;
Perform temp1 r1 r2 at processor P1 and send the result temp1 to processor P2 to perform temp2 temp1 r3 and send the result temp2 to processor P3 to perform result temp2 r4. The advantage is, we do not need to store the intermediate results, and instead the result produced at one processor can be consumed directly by the other. Hence, we would start receiving tuples well before P1 completes the join assigned to it.
1. Pipelined parallelism is not the good choice, if degree of parallelism is high.
2. Useful with small number of processors.
3. Not all operations can be pipelined. For example, consider the query given in the first section. Here, you need to group at least one department employees. Then only the output can be given for aggregate operation at the next processor.
4. Cannot expect full speedup.
2. Independent Parallelism:
Operations that are not depending on each other can be executed in parallel at different processors. This is called as Independent Parallelism.
For example, in the expression r1 r2 r3 r4, the portion r1 r2 can be done in one processor, and r3 r4 can be performed in the other processor. Both results can be pipelined into the third processor to get the final result.
Does not work well in case of high degree of parallelism.
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text:
Fossil Collectors' Paradise
Most residents of Cincinnati are probably unaware that its local fossils can be viewed in museums all over the world.
Most residents of Cincinnati are probably unaware that its local fossils can be viewed in museums all over the world. Now Trammel Fossil Park in Sharonville offers Cincinnatians a unique opportunity to understand what all the attention is about.
The story of Trammel Park actually begins 440 million years ago when shallow seas covered North America during what is called the Ordovician Period. The bedrock underlying Cincinnati and the Tristate region was formed at this time and has been intensely studied for over 150 years because of its good exposure at the surface and its abundant and well preserved fossils. In fact, the layers of limestone and shale composing the bedrock serve as a scientific standard for comparison throughout North America and are called the "Cincinnatian Series."
The next chapter in the park's story involves local developer, R.L. Trammel, who was excavating land for the Sharonville Industrial Park and discovered its rich contents. Since natural exposure to Cincinnati's fossils was better before urbanization, reforestation, and construction of dams along the Ohio River and its tributaries, exposure today is usually limited to road building sites and developments like that planned by Trammel.
Once news of Trammel's find was out, scholars like David Meyer, professor of geology, began taking students there, so Meyer was
excited when Trammel decided to donate the last ten acres of the building site to Sharonville rather than develop it for business.
At that point Meyer offered to assist in development of a concept for a park on the site. He contacted Virginia Russell, associate professor and landscape architect in DAAP, to collaborate on a design. She devoted Site Systems, a spring quarter class, to the task, and 14 student design projects were subsequently presented to Sharonville's mayor and city council. These set the stage for architect Ted Johansen's final design.
Meyer's work continued as he and his wife created signs for the park. In the interpretive section the signs explain the purpose of the park, the geological story of the site, the four geological formations exposed there, and the characteristics of the fossils. Meyer notes, "At Trammel we have four of the best Cincinnatian formations exposed; the Fairview formation, Miamitown shale, Bellevue limestone, and the Corryville formation. The strata were all named for sites within the inner city that are now only poorly exposed."
What makes the park unique is not only the generosity of Trammel and the dedication of volunteers like McMicken's Meyer but also the willingness of the city of Sharonville to allow visitors a special privilege. Guests may collect surface level fossils from the site so long as no digging is involved. The city has also agreed to allow the site to be periodically renewed by having the surface scraped.
Meyer is currently helping to develop in-place displays by exposing particularly interesting fossil-rich layers and protecting them under covered frames. Visitors can arrange to have the covers opened to allow close examination of the layers, but no digging is allowed.
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ADEDE wins UXO detection and beach clearance contract in Belgium
ADEDE was recently awarded the three year UXO detection and clearance contract for the Belgian coast by the Belgian Coast Authority (Afdeling Kust). Although a lot of effort was made to clear the Belgian beaches of UXO immediately after the last war, the volume of explosive and inert Remnants of War (ROW) was such that nowadays their number still pose a threat. The ongoing maintenance of sea defenses therefore implies that all intrusive activities, earthworks and construction needs to be preceded by geophysical surveys, detections and clearances of UXO, not in the least because of the shifting sediment resulting in migration of UXO from the sea towards the beaches. We are proud that our scientific, multidisciplinary and therefore costeffective approach towards solving UXO threats was recognised and we are looking forward to putting that into practice on the Belgium coastline for the next three years.
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compute temp command
compute temp/kk command
compute ID group-ID temp
ID, group-ID are documented in compute command
temp = style name of this compute command
compute 1 all temp compute myTemp mobile temp
Define a computation that calculates the temperature of a group of atoms. A compute of this style can be used by any command that computes a temperature, e.g. thermo_modify, fix temp/rescale, fix npt, etc.
The temperature is calculated by the formula KE = dim/2 N k T, where KE = total kinetic energy of the group of atoms (sum of 1/2 m v^2), dim = 2 or 3 = dimensionality of the simulation, N = number of atoms in the group, k = Boltzmann constant, and T = temperature.
A kinetic energy tensor, stored as a 6-element vector, is also calculated by this compute for use in the computation of a pressure tensor. The formula for the components of the tensor is the same as the above formula, except that v^2 is replaced by vx*vy for the xy component, etc. The 6 components of the vector are ordered xx, yy, zz, xy, xz, yz.
The number of atoms contributing to the temperature is assumed to be constant for the duration of the run; use the dynamic option of the compute_modify command if this is not the case.
This compute subtracts out degrees-of-freedom due to fixes that constrain molecular motion, such as fix shake and fix rigid. This means the temperature of groups of atoms that include these constraints will be computed correctly. If needed, the subtracted degrees-of-freedom can be altered using the extra option of the compute_modify command.
A compute of this style with the ID of "thermo_temp" is created when LAMMPS starts up, as if this command were in the input script:
compute thermo_temp all temp
See the "thermo_style" command for more details.
See the Howto thermostat doc page for a discussion of different ways to compute temperature and perform thermostatting.
Styles with a gpu, intel, kk, omp, or opt suffix are functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix. They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available hardware, as discussed on the Speed packages doc page. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision issues.
These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, USER-INTEL, KOKKOS, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the Build package doc page for more info.
You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script by including their suffix, or you can use the -suffix command-line switch when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use the suffix command in your input script.
See the Speed packages doc page for more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
This compute calculates a global scalar (the temperature) and a global vector of length 6 (KE tensor), which can be accessed by indices 1-6. These values can be used by any command that uses global scalar or vector values from a compute as input. See the Howto output doc page for an overview of LAMMPS output options.
The scalar value calculated by this compute is "intensive". The vector values are "extensive".


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Possible Duplicate:
How do you do a limit query in HQL
I have a table A of large yet unknown size. I need to retrieve results in batches, i.e. 100 at a time, from the table and perform operations on them. For this, I have a variable m so that I can execute the HQL equivalent of query "SELECT * from A LIMIT m,100" within a loop, which iterates m as 1, 101, 201,... and so on. What shall be the terminating condition of the loop? What is the result when the above query is executed in a condition when m > number of rows in the table?
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marked as duplicate by Conrad Frix, Nambari, tereško, martin clayton, Eitan T Sep 28 '12 at 21:55
3 Answers 3
use select count(*) query first, this will give you total number of records. now you write java code to set limit accordingly. (count/m) int = x= number of full batches and count-x*m = rows for last batch.
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The issue you have is more known as pagination.
And your problem is how many pages you can retrieve form a table?
You must know the pages count to use pagination.
To set page count, you need to execute pre-query that will have same FROM clause but only SELECT count(*) FROM.... This will give you always correct answer.
If you can not or do not want to use extra statement. Then you should as database for pages until the result is not empty. So you execute statement for page 1, paget 2,... page n until size of result is less then page size.
int pageSize = 100;
int page = 1;
do {
 currentPage = loadPage(page, pageSize);
} while(currentPage.size() == pageSize);
share|improve this answer
I suggest to use hibernate functions setFirstResult() and setMaxResults() to achieve your desired results e.g. below:
 Query query= session.createQuery("SELECT * from A");
 int resultSize = 100;
 List pagedResults = null;
 //use any approriate number for iterations or do a result count first to get the expected result size
 for(int m=0; ; m++){
 pagedResults = (List)query.setFirstResult(m*resultSize).setMaxResults((m+1)*resultSize).list();
 //do your processing
 if(pagedResults.isEmpty() || pagedResults.size()


text:
Today I'll talk about a problem with standard SharePoint alerts.
It can happen that the links in those emails use inaccessible url by end users, ie the URL of the server. This comes from bad information that can be found everywhere on the net, namely that the url is generated based on the URL used to specify the alert.
After making several tests on a SharePoint to date, I have always had the same urls little import the url used to set the alarm (perhaps a residual bug …)
The result of the tests is that the link used for alert messages is the link specified in the "Default Zone" of "alternate access mapping".
So just change the order of URLs in AAM to have URL accessible by everyone in the default area.
Hope this helps,


text:
Avg. Base Hourly Rate (USD)
The average hourly pay for a Charge Nurse (RN) is $36.45
What Do Charge Nurse (RN)s Do?
A charge nurse most often works in a hospital or a similar health-care environments such as nursing homes and other long-term care facilities. A charge nurse is effectively the manager of the department or hospital unit to which they are assigned. Common duties include overseeing operations, monitoring admissions and discharges, and directing and overseeing the activities of the nursing and support staff. A charge nurse also often is responsible for direct patient charge, as well as any …Read more
- Coordinate the activities of the unit and assign work to the nursing staff.
- Institute emergency procedures as necessary.
- Communicate patient status to incoming nursing shift and to physicians.
- Educate the nursing staff on patient care.
- Supervise the delivery of care in a nursing unit.
FAQs About Charge Nurse (RN)s
What is the highest pay for Charge Nurse (RN)s?
Our data indicates that the highest pay for a Charge Nurse (RN) is $NaN / hour
What is the lowest pay for Charge Nurse (RN)s?
Our data indicates that the lowest pay for a Charge Nurse (RN) is $NaN / hour
How can Charge Nurse (RN)s increase their salary?
Increasing your pay as a Charge Nurse (RN) is possible in different ways. Change of employer: Consider a career move to a new employer that is willing to pay higher for your skills. Level of Education: Gaining advanced degrees may allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions. Managing Experience: If you are a Charge Nurse (RN) that oversees more junior Charge Nurse (RN)s, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more.


text:
Studies suggest that only 31% of Europe is thought to have a water supply that is either plentiful or sufficient to meet demands until 2015, and water stress indexes show a number of countries with traditionally wet climates such as Belgium and Bulgaria, under significant water stress. Therefore, there is both a desire and a need to reduce the consumption of water over much of Europe. For industry, often economics determine the viability of water recycling, which does not necessarily fall under the standards currently being set for the major water reuse schemes. While the additional annual recycling capacity in Western Europe is set to increase by 10%, much of the Global market is focussed on major reuse facilities based on the municipal sector. Within the industrial sector there are opportunities to achieve major changes in the water cycle which can have a significant impact on total water consumption. The impact on regional water consumption by industries efforts can be massive, as industry accounts for 50% of the water consumption in Western Europe. When benchmarked data across industry sectors is analysed, we find that industries ranging from paper mills, dairy, beverage, ceramic and electronics have opportunities to reduce their water consumption by around 50%. But what are the mechanisms that drive actions in the industry water cycle, and how great can the impact be? This paper explores industrial water costs across Europe, and the drivers leading to reduced water consumption. As operators of water and wastewater facilities for many industrial customers across Europe, Ondeo Industrial Solutions examine the raw water costs and the viability of recycle schemes. Economics is not the only driver towards the reduction in water consumption on industrial sites. There are political and legislative drivers that can often override the economics such as the European PPC (Pollution Prevention and Control) directive that can often lead to a programme of water consumption reductions.
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply is published as an adjunct to Water Science and Technology, in 6 issues per year, covering new developments in water supply. Papers are selected by a rigorous peer review procedure and the journal publi » Read more


PYTHON: How to Code Materials in Blender Cycles
What's Going On Here?
There are times when I feel the need to take a step back and re-evaluate all my life decisions. Those moments tend to be preceded by questions like how the crap did I end up in this field of kudzu, and where the hell did that snake go? Or how hard could it be to script random materials in Blender with Python—an hour tops?
That last one led me to three days of HELL. This was, by far, the most difficult Blender script I've tackled because the API doesn't have much on how to create materials.
Eventually I gave up on that and just started experimenting with the script in this thread on
It doesn't have much by way of comments, but it can be broken up into 3 steps.
Step 1 will require some additional tweaking to set up the right node tree—there is a list here with the different types that can be plugged in.
The only thing to remember in Step 2 is that the Material Output has the input. The material node has the output going to to that input. I know, it's like they're going out of their way to make it confusing, right?
And presto—assign the material in Step 3. Done.
Now for the fun part.
An Application: The Confetti Function
One preliminary warning. You have to be in Cycles for this to work. And if you run it in Blender render and then switch to Cycles render, it probably won't work—I don't know why. You have to start in Cycles.
import bpy
import random
def confetti(MatCol,r,g,b):
_TAG_ to fit the scene['Plane'].name = MatCol
_TAG_ the planes as the 1st paramater above
mat_name = MatCol
mat =[mat_name].use_nodes = True[mat_name]'ShaderNodeEmission')
inp =[mat_name].node_tree.nodes['Material Output'].inputs['Surface']
outp =[mat_name].node_tree.nodes['Emission'].outputs['Emission'][mat_name],outp)[mat_name].node_tree.nodes['Emission'].inputs[0].default_value = (r,g,b,1)[MatCol].active_material =[mat_name]
_TAG_ a loop 100 times
for index in range(100):
_TAG_ you don't deslect the other objects, the results are real weird[MatCol].select = True
_TAG_ some variables to plug into the location parameter
bpy.ops.object.duplicate_move(OBJECT_OT_duplicate={"linked":False,"mode":'TRANSLATION'}, TRANSFORM_OT_translate={"value":(x,y,z)})
_TAG_ the object and keep it unlinked
confetti("YellowMat", 1, 1, 0)
confetti("GreenMat", 0, 1, 0)
confetti("RedMat", 1, 0, 0)
confetti("BlueMat", 0, 0, 1)
(WordPress really butchers code. If you want a copy/paste version, here's a gist.)
That first block creates the confetti function with parameters for the material name and RGB color values. The last four lines call up that function for yellow, green, red, and blue confetti. The result it this:
The Confetti Function
Nice, right? I'll be updating soon with animation.
5 Replies to "PYTHON: How to Code Materials in Blender Cycles"
 1. just so you know, something weird is going on. i found your post (this one) and it said i wasnt following you. what?!
 so i clicked follow and tried to guess what the story was. then i click this post to reply here, and it said i wasnt following you even though i just clicked follow. so i clicked it again. whatevers going on, it may tell you ive started following you a few more times. the last wordpress update was more like a gutting of reliability– so much of their stuff is working less than usual– not great. cheers.
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) { b = new Base(); }
 Now things get interesting. Your call to f(ref d) passes a reference to a Derived by reference. When the f function modifies its formal parameter b, it's actually modifying your variable d. What's worse, it's putting a Base in it! When f returns, your variable d, which is declared as being a reference to a Derived is actually a reference to the base class Base.
 At this point everything falls apart. Your program calls some method like d.OnlyInDerived(), and the CLR ends up executing a method on an object that doesn't even support that method.
 You actually knew this; you just didn't know it. Let's start from the easier cases and work up. First, passing a reference into a function:
 void f(SomeClass s);
 T t = new T();
 The function f expects to receive a reference to a SomeClass, but you're passing a reference to a T. When is this legal?
 "Duh. T must be SomeClass or a class derived from SomeClass."
 What's good for the goose is good for the gander. When you pass a parameter as ref, it not only goes into the method, but it also comes out. (Not strictly true but close enough.) You can think of it as a bidirectional parameter to the function call. Therefore, the rule "If a function expects a reference to a class, you must provide a reference to that class or a derived class" applies in both directions. When the parameter goes in, you must provide a reference to that class or a derived class. And when the parameter comes out, it also must be a reference to that class or a derived class (because the function is "passing the parameter" back to you, the caller).
 But the only time that S can be T or a subclass, while simultaneously having T be S or a subclass is when S and T are the same thing. This is just the law of antisymmetry for partially-ordered sets: "if a ≤ b and b ≤ a, then a = b."
 - The Old New Thing
 Common gotchas when writing your own p/invoke
 If you're looking to get into some p/invoke action, you'd be well-served to check out the pinvoke wiki to see if somebody else has done it too. If what you need isn't there, you may end up forced to write your own, and here are some gotchas I've seen people run into:
 - C++ bool and Win32 BOOLEAN are not the same as C# bool (aka System.Boolean). In Win32, BOOL is a 4-byte type, and BOOLEAN is a 1-byte type. [See also MadQ's remarks about VARIANT_BOOL.] Meanwhile, C++ bool is not standardized by Win32, so the size will vary based on your compiler, but most compilers use a 1-byte value. And then C# is even weirder: The bool is a 1-byte type, but it marshals as a 4-byte type by default.
 - Win32 char is not the same as C# char (aka System.Char). In C#, char is a Unicode character (two bytes), whereas in C/C++ under Win32 it is an ANSI character (one byte).
 - Win32 long is not the same as C# long (aka System.Int64). In C#, long is 64-bit value, whereas in C/C++ under Win32 it is a 32-bit value.
 - If memory is allocated and freed across the interop boundary, make sure both sides are using the same allocator. It is my understanding that the CLR uses CoTaskMemAlloc/CoTaskMemFree by default. If your Win32 function doesn't use CoTaskMemAlloc, you'll have to teach the CLR which allocator you really want.
 - When laying out structures, you have to watch out for alignment.
 That last one is particularly gnarly on 64-bit systems, where alignment requirements are less forgiving than on x86. The structure declarations on tend to ignore 64-bit issues. For example, the declaration of the INPUT structure (as of this writing—it's a wiki so it's probably changed by the time you read this) reads as follows:
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]struct INPUT {
 [FieldOffset(0)] int type;
 [FieldOffset(4)] MOUSEINPUT mi;
 [FieldOffset(4)] KEYBDINPUT ki;
 [FieldOffset(4)] HARDWAREINPUT hi;
 This structure layout is correct for 32-bit Windows, but it's incorrect for 64-bit Windows.
 Let's take a look at that MOUSEINPUT structure, for starters.
 typedef struct tagMOUSEINPUT {
 LONG dx;
 LONG dy;
 DWORD mouseData;
 DWORD dwFlags;
 DWORD time;
 ULONG_PTR dwExtraInfo;
 In 64-bit Windows, the LONG and DWORD members are four bytes, but the dwExtraInfo is a ULONG_PTR, which is eight bytes on a 64-bit machine. Since Windows assumes /Zp8 packing, the dwExtraInfo must be aligned on an 8-byte boundary, which forces four bytes of padding to be inserted after the time to get the dwExtraInfo to align properly. And in order for all this to work, the MOUSEINPUT structure itself must be 8-byte aligned.
 Now let's look at that INPUT structure again. Since the MOUSEINPUT comes after the type, there also needs to be padding between the type and the MOUSEINPUT to get the MOUSEINPUT back to an 8-byte boundary. In other words, the offset of mi in the INPUT structure is 8 on 64-bit Windows, not 4.
 Here's how I would've written it:
 // This generates the anonymous union
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] struct INPUT_UNION {
 [FieldOffset(0)] MOUSEINPUT mi;
 [FieldOffset(0)] KEYBDINPUT ki;
 [FieldOffset(0)] HARDWAREINPUT hi;
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] struct INPUT {
 int type;
 INPUT_UNION u;
 I introduce a helper structure to represent the anonymous union that is the second half of the Win32 INPUT structure. By doing it this way, I let somebody else worry about the alignment, and it'll be correct for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows.
 static public void Main()
 Console.WriteLine(Marshal.OffsetOf(typeof(INPUT), "u"));
 On a 32-bit system, this prints 4, and on a 64-bit system, it prints 8. The downside is that you have to type an extra u. when you access the mi, ki or hi members.
 input i;
 i.u.mi.dx = 0;
 (I haven't checked what the PInvoke Interop Assistant comes up with for the INPUT structure.)
 - The Old New Thing
 Why does Windows wait longer than my screen saver idle timeout before starting the screen saver?
 You may find yourself in a situation where Windows takes longer than your specified screen saver idle timeout to start the screen saver.
 First of all, there are ways for programs to block the screen saver entirely. Calling SetThreadExecutionState(ES_DISPLAY_REQUIRED), is how a program says, "Even though there is no mouse or keyboard input, the screen is indeed in use, so don't blank it or start the screen saver." Media playback programs use this so the screen saver doesn't kick in while you're watching a movie on your DVD, and presentation programs use it so the screen saver doesn't start in the middle of your multi-million-dollar proposal.
 But even if no program has marked the screen as busy, Windows itself will delay activating the screen saver if it detects that you would prefer that it not run for a while.
 If you repeatedly dismiss the screen saver less than one minute after it starts on Windows Vista or later, the operating system says, "Oh, sorry. I thought there was nobody there, but obviously there is. You're probably reading an information-dense document or using your laptop as a flashlight or clock, and you want the screen to stay on even though you aren't generating any input. I'll hold off the screen saver for a little while for you."
 After the second time you do a "fast dismiss" of the screen saver, the screen saver idle time is temporarily incremented by its nominal value. For example, if you set your screen saver timeout to two minutes, then starting with the second fast dismiss, Windows will wait an additional two minutes before trying the screen saver again. Here's a timeline for people who like timelines:
 - At T = 0, you stop generating input.
 - At T = 2m, the screen saver starts. You dismiss it immediately.
 - At T = 4m, the screen saver starts. You dismiss it immediately. This is your second consecutive fast dismiss, so the screen saver timeout is temporarily increased to 4 minutes.
 - At T = 8m, the screen saver starts. You dismiss it immediately. This is your third consecutive fast dismiss, so the screen saver timeout is temporarily increased to 6 minutes.
 - At T = 14m, the screen saver starts. You dismiss it immediately. This is your fourth consecutive fast dismiss, so the screen saver timeout is temporarily increased to 8 minutes.
 As long as you keep fast-dismissing, the delay will increase. Of course, the delay won't grow indefinitely, because you'll eventually hit some other idle timeout


The Surprising History of Hanafuda
When asked about some of the most popular card games in history, very few people would think to say Hanafuda. But the Japanese classic card game that paved the way for Mario, Pokémon, and Zelda is actually an artefact of modern history. Card games in Japan enjoyed similar levels of popularity to modern-day anime. Throughout time, card games have inspired and led to bigger and better things, have been repurposed for a new audience, and have found a new niche with increasing technology. But what exactly is Hanafuda and how can we give it credit for changing the way we interact with games?
Hanafuda's colorful designs formed the basis of a variety of different games
Hanafuda's colorful designs formed the basis of a variety of different games
How Did Hanafuda Begin?
Hanafuda – or flower cards in Japanese – are a deck of playing cards that can be used for a variety of games. Card games were brought to Japan with the French missionary Francis Xavier in 1549, leading to an upsurge in their popularity. Subsequently, foreign card games were banned in 1633. Despite this, the trend still remained popular.
As playing card games themselves were not banned, this led to the creation of a deck of cards that could flaunt the rules and get around the prohibition. A deck featuring Chinese warriors, armour and weaponry was invented, but the 75-card strong pack became too cumbersome for many to try to learn the rules. Still, every time a pack became popular, the government banned it and a completely new set of cards was created.
It was mainly the numbered cards that were banned, so packs were created that assigned certain numeric values to combinations of images. This continued from the 1700s onwards until the government realised it was fighting a losing battle and people would always find a way to play cards. So, Hanafuda was invented to combine the numbered playing cards with traditional Japanese designs and gameplay.
The games continued for several decades longer, but eventually lost some of the popularity that they had enjoyed when playing had been seen as taboo. The excitement of thwarting those killjoys who tried to temper their card games was probably as much an incentive to creating a new game that could be played. But eventually, one company decided to form and take advantage of the trend of such card games: Nintendo.
Success on the Cards for Nintendo
Nintendo, to the amazement of many people today, was formed in 1889. The exciting thing about Hanafuda is that, as there are no numbers on the cards, they can be used for a variety of games. Nintendo creator Fusajiro Yamauchi understood this and helped card games become popular in Japan again by printing the designs onto Mulberry tree bark. Most people don't know this about Nintendo and instead would think only of Pokémon, Mario, and Zelda.
In fact, the success from the early Hanafuda boom meant that Nintendo owns two of the ten most profitable franchises of all time (Pokémon taking the top spot worth around $92 billion and Mario at ninth worth $36 billion). Nintendo has successfully used its business savvy to tap into what audiences are wanting to engage with at every stage of their development.
One of the most striking characteristics of Nintendo's business model can be seen through the development of the Pokémon franchise. The games – launched in 1995 – have spanned more than 10 different consoles across 14 years. Fans have updated their consoles in order to maintain their connection to the franchise, turning into loyal customers who spend their money with the company.
Mario is much the same, and to a lesser extent so is Zelda. The fact that these franchises are able to command such loyalty as they grow and provide critical and commercially successful games is testament to Nintendo's successful business model. The games move with the technology available and help pioneer new technologies going forward. Pokémon Go was the first example of using AR tech on such a large scale in mobile gaming. Other franchises are following suit – such as Harry Potter, The Walking Dead, and Stranger Things.
Nintendo remains popular with its latest console, the Switch
Nintendo remains popular with its latest console, the Switch
Hanafuda's Lasting Legacy
Once we're aware of Hanafuda and its exciting history, we can begin to see a likely connection with the games we're more familiar with today. Take blackjack, for example. While blackjack does use numbered cards, it uses them to create additional meaning in the quest to achieve a value of 21 that surpasses that of your opponents and the dealer - not forgetting the specific (and adaptable) roles of the face cards.
As we've seen, Hanafuda was invented as a way of playing similar games during a time when they were banned. Blackjack, an American version of the game first notarised by Cervantes in a short story about characters who played veintiuna (twenty-one in Spanish), was invented back in the early 1600s. It's therefore likely that it was played before then, allowing us to surmise it featured somewhere in the Hanafuda story. The tradition – and most of the gameplay – has remained the same ever since.
The advent of digital technology not only helped blackjack continue to thrive but changed the way we look at it. The classic tabletop card game was reimagined with the dawn of online casino. The game translated well online and enjoyed many variants, some making it more difficult for the player, others requiring more strategic thinking in order to beat opponents. We can see from the list of 888 casino games that there are many other variants and that they take a reliance on technology to the next level, incorporating live-streamed gameplay into blackjack.
Live blackjack involves a dealer that you can see dealing live, while you are able to respond to the cards you are dealt. This gives an added element to the gameplay and shows just how live technology can benefit online casino games. By incorporating a classic that has been played for hundreds of years with brand new technology, the fusion can create a gaming experience that keeps players coming back for more.
Hanafuda might not be played as much now, but its legacy will remain important. Not only did Hanafuda gift us with Nintendo and everything that spawned from that, but it showed us the power of simple designs and games that can be played. Our love of playing games supersedes all and we will find a way to circumvent barriers in our way.
Gaming might be done less on tabletops now and more online, but that only adds to the legacy of such longstanding gaming traditions as Hanafuda and blackjack. No doubt the games will continue to prosper in the future.
Related content


Environmental Engineering Technician
Analyzer, Contributor & Humanitarian
Potential salary $82,930
Environmental Engineering Technician
Environmental engineering technicians help environmental engineers develop machines and production systems that effectively manage waste and reduce pollution. They are analyzers, contributors, and humanitarians that actively help clean up our cities and towns and prevent the spread of dangerous conditions such as asbestos and lead poisoning.
These technicians typically work in laboratories, as well as outdoors where they collect air and water samples to analyze. Becoming an environmental engineering technician involves a dedication to environmental conservation efforts. An associate's degree in environmental engineering technology is generally required. Jobs for this role are expected to grow 7% by 2029.
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text:
The Warsaw Metro is one of Europe's youngest underground/subway systems. Not suprisingly it consists of only one line, which is still under construction. Plans to build an underground in the city date back to 1925 when the first plans of such a system were drawn up. World War II, however, brought an end to the ambitious undertaking, putting it to a halt for nearly fourty years (a brief and half-hearted attempt in the 1950s can be disregarded here).
Finally, in 1984 (sic!) the program was given a green light by the Communist government and the first tunnels were built. Lack of funds, poor planning, and tedious bureaucracy meant that the works went on very slowly. The Metro was launched in 1995 with a total of 11 stations. Since then, however, the project has speeded up substantially; the line now has 14 stations along a distance of approximately 15 kilometres, and is to be completed with a total of 19 stations by 2005. A second line, crossing the city from East to West is to be completed by 2010.
The stations of the first line are (South to North):


text:
When composing your SMS campaign using a Custom Sender ID a unsub-reply link will be automatically added to your message as shown in the below example:
Once the recipient taps on the unsub-reply link within your message this screen will appear:
Recipients can either tap on the UNSUBSCRIBE button or enter text in the text box and tap on the REPLY button.
NOTE: When a recipient taps on the UNSUBSCRIBE button they will be opted out of receiving future SMS communication.
Viewing your replies
You can view replies to your messages from:
1. Your ACTIVITY > INBOX screen:
2. Your responses tab for your SMS campaign. In ACTIVITY, click on the number representing the number of replies received:
3. Your nominated email account when you have enabled Forward to Email option in your REPLY OPTIONS:


How are currency exchange rates determined
Specifies how exchange rates for foreign currencies are to be recorded and how to determine the date from which they are valid. For example, you can enter exchange rates for each currency daily, monthly, quarterly, or at other time intervals.
You can enter exchange rates for each of the codes in the currency. In the Currencies window, click Exchange Rates. The "Currency Exchange Rates" window is displayed for the relevant currency.
When you post a business transaction in a foreign currency, the application uses the posting date of the invoice line or journal line and the data from the Currency Exchange Rate table to find the appropriate exchange rate. If no posting date is specified (for example on an order proposal), the application uses the working date to find the appropriate exchange rate.
If you are posting in a reporting currency, the application also uses this table to determine the appropriate exchange rate for the general ledger entries to calculate the amounts in the reporting currency.
Note that to post exchange rate gains and losses, you have to use the batch job Regulate exchange rates and specify the regulated exchange rates used by the batch job. You enter the regulated exchange rates by entering the field Regulation of exchange rate amount and the field Bez. A. Reg. Exchange rate amount to complete.
When posting in a reporting currency, you must retain any data that you enter in the table for that currency.
See also


text:
Development Diary: Rethinking Gold as a CurrencyEdit
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
Path of Exile's economy is the most important element of the game to us. It's why we designed it to be played exclusively online. We examined the economies of other online RPGs and looked at how players interacted with each other in trade. In order to make gold a viable currency, the developers created many artificial sinks that do not have any real gameplay benefit. In some games, rather than using these built-in gold systems, players seem to prefer to barter item-for-item, inventing their own currencies and relative values. This development diary entry describes how we used these lessons to design the trade systems in Path of Exile. The Traditional Gold Economy
Gold has several consequences in an action RPG setting:
- Gold Sinks: Games that use gold incur high inflation unless they have sufficient gold sinks in the form of mandatory expenses such as item repairs, paying to revive characters or continuously buying potions. These sinks are generally an unnecessary obligation and can be frustrating if a player is low on gold.
- Gold Farmers: Online RPGs often get infested by gold farmers who play the game to accumulate large quantities of gold that are then sold to other players. If gold is the main currency, it's very simple to perform gold-accumulating tasks to supply the secondary market.
- Wealth Determinism: Earning a steady quantity of gold from monsters killed helps to re-enforce the treadmill feeling that many online RPGs suffer. People's net worth in gold is directly proportional to the amount of time they have invested playing. This highly linear wealth gain can cause a sense of disillusionment when trying to save up a large amount of gold for a purchase – it's apparent to the player how long it's going to take to grind for it.
- Trade Parity: With a common gold currency, it's easy for players to know and demand the current market value for an item. If the trade occurs at a value that differs from the current perceived market value, then one of the players feels that they got ripped off.
Bartering Currency ItemsEdit
In online RPGs where gold is too easy to obtain, we observed players trading certain items as currency and ignoring the underlying gold. Some examples are the "Globs of Ectoplasm" in Guild Wars and the "Stone of Jordan" and "High Rune" economies in Diablo II.
We found that successful game pseudo-currencies have four characteristics:
- Homogeneity: Each unit of the currency has to be equivalent to other units. They should stack together, and there should never be a reason for a player to discriminate between two different units of that currency.
- Utility: The individual currency items have specific uses in addition to their trade value. If the recipient of the currency item is able to use it to improve their character, then it's even better for them to trade for. The economic value represented by its scarcity is just an added bonus so that they are able to on-trade it if they decide not to consume it themselves.
- Scarcity: The currency should not be trivial to find. Some popular in-game barter items represent days or weeks of playing, and provide meaningful trade material for very high-end items. Other barter items are more common (cropping up every half hour or more) and allow for granularity with lower value trades.
- Handleability: It should be convenient to transport or transact with a large portion of your net worth as currency.
These three factors help make a currency acceptable. If a currency is arbitrary (players are told "this is what you should use to trade with") but it isn't useful, homogeneous or particularly scarce, then it's possible they'll pick some other currency that feels more appropriate to them. It's important for game designers to predict the encouraged player behavior and to make sure that behavior is enjoyable.
We examined how a currency item system affects the previously mentioned consequences of a gold based economy:
- Sinks: By having every currency item inherently useful to improve a character, each currency item is its own sink. In our experience with Path of Exile, a majority of currency item trades end with the item being immediately consumed by the recipient. This also means that unnecessary gold sinks like repairing items can potentially be removed from the game.
- Gold Farmers: Although it's still possible to farm currency items with unskilled labour, it's substantially more complicated. Having to manage an inventory of dozens of different items with fluctuating rarities is a much larger ordeal that is difficult to deploy en-masse. Real players won't have a problem with this because they know more about the game.
- Wealth Determinism: A character's wealth is determined by the sum of both his available currency items and also any items that he may have for trade. The unpredictable acquisition of both currency items and trade-worthy equipment helps mask the treadmill feeling that occurs when you can predict your gold gain per quest or per minute.
- Trade Parity: The relative value of currency items fluctuates constantly as new and interesting applications are found for them. It's also subjective for each player – they all have own current item goals and each currency item may help them achieve that goal in a different way. Players can accept these barter trades because they either meet an immediate need for a currency item to use or because the items are of roughly equal value and can be later traded to someone else.
Path of Exile's Currency ItemsEdit
Our implementation of this concept embraces it fully. While killing monsters in Path of Exile, you occasionally find currency items. There are currently over a dozen different types and this number will probably grow to 25 by release. It's worth pointing out that these items are not for sale in our microtransaction store – they're entirely in-game currency found and traded for by players.
Our currency items meet the three criteria of good game barter currencies. They are homogeneous and handleable (you can stack them). They are useful (each performs a specific action on an item or a character) and they are substantially scarcer than gold. Some of them are relatively common – you'll probably find at least one per half hour of playing. Others are rarer, taking potentially days of gameplay to find, if you're lucky. A few are so valuable that casual players may never find them, but only hear of them in high-end trades.
Each currency item performs a function that can help improve your character. Some examples from our current alpha version, in order of rarity, are:
- Scroll of Wisdom: Identifies a magic, rare or unique item. People actually do trade these.
- Whetstone: Increases the quality of a weapon. For example, it can upgrade a +10% damage sword to +13%. These quality values cap at 20%.
- Armour Shard: Increases the quality of an armour piece.
- Orb of Augmentation: Adds a mod to a magic item that has only one prefix or suffix. For example, it could turn Short Sword of Frost into Sharp Short Sword of Frost.
- Orb of Transmutation: Upgrades a base item into a magic item. It could turn a Recurve Bow into a Burning Recurve Bow of Anger.
- Jeweler's Orb: Randomises the socket arrangement on an item.
- Orb of Alchemy: Upgrades a base item into a rare item.
- Chaos Sphere: Rerolls a rare item to have new random properties.
- Exalted Orb: Adds a mod to a rare item, if it has less than the maximum.
Results from TestingEdit
So far, we're very pleased with the results of this system. Because of the pseudorandom slot-machine-like nature of currency item drops, players get a rush from finding them. We keep hearing players excitedly showing off the valuable orbs they have found. This is more rewarding than slowly grinding up their gold value until it hits 100,000.
Players seem very keen to trade their currency items with each other. Because they all have their own metrics for how much each effect is worth, it's common to see quite complex barters occurring with several different types of currency items.
Recently I was trying to upgrade my rare sword in Path of Exile. I had two Chaos Spheres available, which could reroll its mods randomly. While I was certain that I could improve the terrible mods that it had currently, I was apprehensive about potentially wasting my most powerful currency items. I asked around and found another tester who was happy to offer me a substantially better sword in exchange for those two Chaos Spheres. I knew that it'd take an extremely lucky roll to beat the mods on his sword, so I accepted the trade. What was in it for him? He really wanted to reroll his bow and already had a better sword than the one he traded to me.
Some players immediately use all their currency items on the spot to improve their character. These players generally have quite powerful characters and items, but are always low on actual currency items to trade. They're often seen trading powerful upgraded items for currency, in an attempt to reroll/upgrade other items and fuel their addiction.
Other players prefer to save up all their currency items and rely on trading them for specific desired items. These risk-averse players often have several weak items on their character, but a powerful amount of disposable currency for purchasing great items when they crop up in trade. They can also perform substantial spot-rerolling if they really need something in a hurry.
Because we're not using gold like other games, we were able to re-evaluate each of the game mechanics commonly used as a gold sink. We found that almost without exception, they are all negative mechanics that impose a burden on the player and don't increase enjoyment. We scrapped the concept of repairing items. Our flasks can be refilled so you don't


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Bastrop Wildfire Facts
While out in Bastrop recently for a pre-production meeting and research sessions, I found out alot about the impacts beyond just the loses of homes. The fires started on September 4th, 2011 and were declared fully contained on October 10, 2011. Three separate fires merged into the one large fire that caused so much destruction.
- Over 1 million trees burned – most will never recover from the damage
- The fire spread out over 34,000 acres within the county of Bastrop
- 95% of the Bastrop State Park was destroyed. All of the historic buildings in the park were saved by the parks fire fighting crew
- Over 1,600 homes were destroyed
- Gas and electric services were cut off to the affected areas for over two weeks
- "Root ball fires" were an issue once the major fire was extinguished. The roots of many trees smoldered for several weeks, causing frequent flare-ups.
- Home owners had no way of knowing if their home was still standing, until they were allowed to return
- The recovery process may take more than seven years before Bastrop county returns to a "normal" state.
- If you drive around the county, you'll see some houses totally untouched, while all thats left of homes nearby are piles of debris or empty slabs. The fires were so hot that they created their own wind patters in the affected areas causing the fires to totally "skip" areas.


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I already seem to hear cries from geometers that this isn't at all a weird word, but one with a specific and useful technical meaning of a triangle having unequal sides.
Mathematically inclined or not, we all have three of them, since the word is also applied to each of a set of three muscles that enable us to bend our necks — they're called that because of their irregular triangular shapes; another name for them is scaleni, singly a scalenus, which is the Latin word from which scalene derives.
But the origin is further back, in the Greek skalinos, uneven or unequal.
One of its rare appearances outside technical contexts is this:
Mr. Minns found himself opposite a yellow brick house... with 'a garden' in front, that is to say, a small loose bit of gravelled ground, with one round and two scalene triangular beds, containing a fir-tree, twenty or thirty bulbs, and an unlimited number of marigolds".
Sketches by Boz, by Charles Dickens, 1836.


text:
The Chief Procurement Officer Agenda:
Creating transformative value in 2024 and beyond
With 2024 around the corner, Chief Procurement Officers (CPOs) are busy strategizing and planning for the upcoming year's goals and action items, while trying to successfully close on the current year's objectives. The current macro-environment has affected the role, responsibilities, and priorities of the CPO, increasing their team's expected contributions to the businesses' bottom line. Competing priorities that CPOs must manage include cost savings, operational efficiency, emerging technologies, supply chain resilience, and sustainability, among others.
In this Featured Insights, ProcureAbility shares its views on how CPOs can methodically and intentionally address their current challenges while laying the foundation for transformative change in 2024 and beyond.


- this week
Gender: F Meaning of Arianwen: "white, fair, blessed" Origin of Arianwen: Welsh
Rarely heard outside of Wales, Arianwen is one of many pretty wen-ending names prominent in ancient Welsh legend.
Famous People Named Arianwen
Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood, Australian actress
Pop Culture References for the name Arianwen
Welsh pronunciation: ar-YAN-wen
Related: Arianell, Arianrhod, Aryanhwy, Eirianwen


Legal Information: Puerto Rico
Restraining Orders
View all
December 9, 2020
What is the legal definition of domestic violence in Puerto Rico for the purpose of getting a protection order?
Domestic violence for the purpose of getting a protection order is when one of the following people repeatedly use physical force, psychological violence, intimidation, or harassment in order to cause physical harm to yourself, your property, or to another person in order to cause you severe emotional harm:
 - your spouse;
 - your ex-spouse;
 - a person with whom you share or have shared a home;
 - a person who you are dating or have dated; or
 - a person with whom you have a child in common.1
A person can be a victim of domestic violence regardless of his/her sex, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, or immigration status.
1 See 8 L.P.R.A. § 602(q)


Insert the SIM card and battery
Important: Do not use a mini-UICC SIM card, also known as a micro-SIM card, a micro-SIM card with an adapter, or a SIM card that has a mini-UICC cutout (see figure) in this device. A micro-SIM card is smaller than the standard SIM card. This device does not support the use of micro-SIM cards and use of incompatible SIM cards may damage the card or the device, and may corrupt data stored on the card.dual-punch-out.jpg
 1. Remove the back cover.
 2. Remove the battery, if inserted.
 3. Pull out the SIM card holder and insert the SIM card. Ensure that the gold-colored contact area on the card faces downwards and that the bevelled corner of the card faces the bevelled corner of the holder. Push the SIM card holder back in place.
 4. Align the battery contacts with the battery compartment connectors, and insert the battery.
 5. Replace the back cover.


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EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES-THEORY & PRACTICE, cilt.15, ss.607-620, 2015 (SSCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi)
The purpose of this study is to examine the flow of doctoral students who are also research assistants and in the dissertation process. The study was designed using the case study method. The case undertaken in the study was the dissertation process. Eleven participants were selected into the study using maximum variation sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. The descriptive analysis of the data identified four main themes: (i) personal characteristics, including tackling challenges, sense of responsibility and planned work habits; (ii) interest in the field, including decision making about postgraduate education, satisfaction from postgraduate education, the fit between the doctoral field and the student's interests and skills, and academic goals; (iii) emotional attachment, including enjoyed stages of the dissertation process, feelings aroused by the dissertation, and concentration on the dissertation process; and (iv) living the flow.


Connecting people with earth
Mindful acts of listening in nature can be a good way of calming the mind and learning about biodiversity. This project worked with a group of local participants and focused on birds and plants in nearby woodlands. The participants used sensory observational methods, such as listening and foraging for natural materials, to interact with the natural world. The creative responses included voice, audio, sound drawings, and nest sculptures.
"The propensity of our indigenous brothers and sisters to consult the animate earth around them, listening close to the land-carefully watching the patterned movements of other animals, attending to their diverse songs, signs, and gesturesall this in an obvious consequence of the expansive experience of language as a property that belongs to all things, and not solely to humankind."
David Abram Becoming Animal


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High turnover reported among charter school teachers
With so many charter school teachers moving on each year, concerns arise about retaining quality educators and how stability affects student performance.
July 25, 2011|By Howard Blume, Los Angeles Times
Kavita Papneja, a math teacher, joined an Alliance College-Ready charter several years ago and doesn't regret it. In her prior work at a traditional school, Gompers Middle School near Watts, "you have more behavior issues," she said. "Here, most of the time, we just have to worry about what we are teaching and what kids are learning."
As far as the charter workload, "if I have to spend extra hours, I will," said Papneja, 43, who believes she's the oldest teacher in her school. "It's not like they force me."
She and history teacher Stephanie McIlroy, who joined Alliance at age 21, also left a charter school; but in their case, the purpose was to follow Principal Howard Lappin from one Alliance charter school to a newly opened charter, the Alliance Environmental Science and Technology High School in Glassell Park.
Some former teachers at Alliance schools and elsewhere were less enthusiastic, speaking of pressure to produce high test scores and arbitrary management.
"We got in trouble for taking our sick days and personal days," said a history teacher who entered the teaching profession at a charter while in her 20s. She requested anonymity because she recently accepted a position at a different charter school. "Teachers feel so beleaguered because everything is presented to us as a problem we have to solve. But we can't fix all those problems, like when a kid misses 60 days in a semester."
Despite her former school's solid test scores, she said, the teacher departures matter.
"It has a huge effect on student morale," she said, especially for students who lack needed stability in other parts of their lives. "By the time students graduated from my school, there was not a single teacher who had been there the whole time."
Los Angeles Times Articles


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Visualization of the Fragmentation of a Weak Granular Material During Compression
The purpose of this research was to visualize the crushing of a weak granular material during compression. In order to be able to see the individual particles of the sample with out the usage of sophisticated and expensive equipment, roasted chick peas were used to model granular material. The chick peas were chosen because of their size and availability. A series of uniaxial confined compression tests were run on the chick peas to check different aspects of the fragmentation. All the samples used in the tests were prepared the same way having the same initial height and mass. The samples also had uniform gradation. An initial test was run on the chick peas to an applied vertical load of 3 kN. This test was used to create a void ratio versus the logarithm of the stress curve. From the curve constructed from the results of the first test four applied vertical loads were chosen. These four applied vertical loads were used throughout the research. The first set of uniaxial confined compression tests were used to determine how many chick peas were broken during compression. The next set of uniaxial confined compression tests were used to run sieve analysis on each sample and to determine how the gradation of the sample changed as the applied vertical load increased. Another confined uniaxial compression test was run to a selected load to determine how the crushing occurred internally. Through out the research several pictures were taken with a digital camera to help illustrate the crushing inside and outside the samples. Pictures outside the samples were possible since the cylinders used for the compression tests were transparent. A fractal analysis was done using the results of the sieve analysis for each sample. Fractal fragmentation dimensions were calculated to determine the degree of crushing at each of the applied vertical loads. Another fractal analysis was done using a Seirpinski Gasket in order visualize the way the samples developed a fractal size distribution. Six level of the gasket were generated and used to model a sample fragmenting during compression.
Advisor:Calixto I. Garcia; Luis E. Vallejo; Jeen-Shang Lin
School:University of Pittsburgh
School Location:USA - Pennsylvania
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:civil and environmental engineering
Date of Publication:09/25/2007


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Search Result for "autocratically":
1. in an overbearingly domineering manner; as a dictator;
- Example: "this manager acts dictatorially toward his colleagues"
[syn: dictatorially, autocratically, magisterially]
2. in an autocratic manner;
- Example: "the Czars ruled Russia autocratically"
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Autocratic \Au'to*crat"ic\, Autocratical \Au'to*crat"ic*al\, a. Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government. -- Au'to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]


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Ocean Nutrition Formula 2 Flake
Excellent flake diet for both herbivorous marine and freshwater fish. This algae boosted diet targets the needs of all marine and fresh water herbivorous fish. Feed as much as you fish will eat in 2-3 minutes. Distribution 3-4 times per day.
- Highly palatable staple food for marine and freshwater tropical fish.
- Extra algae to please the more herbivorous fish.
- High protein content and rich in vitamins.
- Improves coloration and vitality while boosting the immune system.
- Does not cloud the water.


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NOTE:If you want more specific result about any topic, entity or word, paste this part into left panel search and get more information.
Name of Festival : Karma Festival of Orissa
Major Territory of Celebration
Karma Festival celebrated most of Orissa's villages in Sambalpur and Phulabani districts.
Time of celebration (Month)
This festival is started from the 11 day of the bright fortnight of the month of Bhadrab (August - September) and continues for some days in the month of Ashwina (October - November).
History of Festival:
There was a rich merchant and had the 6 son and they set sail in a ship for trade, leaving the youngest brother at home.When they returned they saw to their wives danced in the 'Karma' festival, while the youngest brother was playing on the drum.They repented for their folly of driving out the goddess of wealth along with their wives.
They went in search of the God of fortune with their wives and met a milkman on the way. The latter requested them to ascertain from the God why the number of his cows was fast decreasing.
When they go forward they saw a strange man bearing on his head a piece of broken earthen pot with fire burning in it, and another man carrying a husking peddle on the shoulder.
After they was met another ment who shivering in the suffering of these persons from the God and the means of getting free from them.
The God after due worship was kind to them and on return they found that their house was filled with gold and jewels.
On this day people go the forest accompanied by groups of drummers and cut one or more branches of Karama tree.Branches are mostly carried by unmarried young girls. After the branches are brought to the village and planted in the centre of a ground, which is plastered with cow-dung and decorated with flowers.
Then the tribal-priest known as 'Jhankar' or 'Dehuri' offers germinated grams and liquor in propitiation to the deity who grants wealth and children. A fowl is also killed and the blood is offered to the branch. Then they performed the"Karama Puja".
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New Study Examines Whether Oregon's Investment in Accelerated Learning Is Paying Off
December 6, 2018
Graphic featuring a paper airplane
In the 2015–16 school year, one in three Oregon public high school students participated in some form of accelerated learning—dual credit, direct enrollment, Advanced Placement (AP), and/or International Baccalaureate (IB).
This is one of several findings in a new study by Regional Educational Laboratory Northwest that offers a first glimpse at how a statewide initiative in Oregon has impacted students' participation in these programs.
Research has shown that accelerated learning can improve students' postsecondary outcomes by preparing them for college through increased academic rigor and expectations in high school, shortening the time to complete a postsecondary degree and reducing college costs through the accumulation of college credits. Based on this evidence, Oregon is one of several states that has made a significant effort to increase access to these programs.
This REL Northwest study explores Oregon students' participation in accelerated learning in the 2013–14 to 2015–16 school years, as well as the schooland student-level characteristics that predict participation in an accelerated learning program. The study also looks at high school-to-college outcomes and how many students were able to transfer the credits they earned.
"This study found several positive outcomes," said Michelle Hodara, a coauthor of the study. "Many public high school students in Oregon are earning college credits in various ways, and this high school experience is linked to much higher high school graduation, college enrollment and college persistence."
In the class of 2015, for example, accelerated learning participants were 30 percentage points more likely to graduate from high school, 25 percentage points more likely to enroll in college, and 22 percentage points more likely to persist in college than their peers who did not take accelerated learning in high school—and these findings were consistent for students of color.
Equity gaps in participation remain, however, particularly for students who were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch and students who attended schools with a higher percentage of economically disadvantaged students. "There is still work to be done to ensure that low-income students have equitable access to accelerated learning and that low-income schools are able to offer AP and IB at the same rates as higher income schools," Hodara said.
While college persistence rates were high for students who took accelerated learning courses, 15 percent of students in the class of 2015 transferred less than half the credits they earned in high school to the Oregon public university they subsequently attended. Meanwhile, nearly 25 percent of students who earned credit from dual-credit math in high schools and 9 percent who earned credit from dual-credit English in high school took the same course or a lower level course at their university or community college.
"This study was not designed to identify why students' college credits are not accepted at the colleges and universities they attend after high school," said Hodara, "but we found that low-income students have fewer college credits accepted, suggesting the need for more advising around credit transfer for high school students who may be first-generation or low-income. Additionally, high schools and colleges should examine their math pathways, since about a quarter of students who passed a dual credit math course took the same or a lower course in college."
Oregon has invested extensively in expanding access to accelerated learning, and education leaders from state agencies and secondary and postsecondary institutions are committed to ensuring that these programs are sustainable, equitable, and effective. The data presented in this study will be used to inform policy and legislative discussions to improve the accelerated learning programs in the state.
Check out a REL Northwest infographic that breaks down the study's key points and findings and download the full report.


KRT: The Impact of Kingship
KRT: The Impact of Kingship
Does the concept of kingship impact your practice, and if so, how?
Being Kemetic Orthodox, the topic of kingship is a particularly relevant one to me, in a few different ways.
For one, kingship is one of the five pillars of Kemetic Orthodoxy (the others are community, ancestors, the gods, and Ma'at). For two, I have met Egyptologist Tamara Siuda, who is the leader of Kemetic Orthodoxy; she is considered our Nisut, our king, though the ways in which members of Kemetic Orthodox interpret that varies. For myself, I see her as our spiritual leader, well-qualified for the job both academically and personally. (As I have no way of personally verifying or disproving any divine right to be king, it ceases to matter in practical ways to me; I am solely concerned with an individual's actions and attitude when in a position of authority.)
While the concept of kingship impacts my practice only slightly, the existence of the flesh-and-bones leader of Kemetic Orthodox impacts my practice quite a lot. She is a fount of information, support, and guidance, and she is as present as possible to lead or participate in online gatherings (some ritual, some guided discussions, some fellowship). Because my practice is tied to my community, and because she is the leader of that community, I can say with confidence that my experience and practice of Kemeticism would not be the same without her as our king.
However, a lesser-discussed but equally-prominent way in which kingship impacts my practice is its importance amongst the Netjeru. Some gods are kings and others are not; some serve the king, some protect the king, and others act autonomously. Regardless of value judgments (I don't consider the god-king to be any "better" than another deity), it still provides something of a map, helping me to understand and interrelate various Names. The procession of kingship and heritage is also a major plot point in many myths, most obviously those around Wesir (Osiris), Heru-sa-Aset (Horus the Younger), and Set. The role of kingship in various gods' identities can greatly impact the whole nature of the god in question: imagine Ra not being a king! It'd give His entire character a spin in a different direction.
In essence, it would be a challenge for me to completely extricate the concept of kingship from its manifestations among the ancient Egyptian gods and within my chosen community. While I don't consider myself to be terribly amenable to monarchies, when taken in mythological contexts it can be informative and instructive to the nature and roles of the Netjeru, and when taken in a community context it can be very useful to have a strong, respectful leader. I wouldn't put up with anyone, god or mortal, who sought to abuse that power or that title—but thankfully, I don't have to.
Note: I do not speak for all of my community nor for Tamara Siuda herself; this blog is solely discussing my personal interpretations and opinions. As always, your mileage will vary. :)
If you enjoyed this post, please check out other takes on kingship by my fellow Round Table bloggers!


When Fredrick Masury moved to Brookfield Township in 1903 to build a factory to make explosives for the coal mining industry, coal mining was already on its way out in the township.
"He was a little late for that here," said Lois Werner, archivist for the Brookfield Historical Society. "Coal mining died in the 1890s."
Maybe that explains why Masury only stayed in Brookfield until 1914. In any event, the Masury name stuck.
A Columbia University graduate and former Dupont employee, Masury built the Masurite Explosive Co. in the southeastern part of the township. He and his wife, Olive, lived in Petroleum, just down the road in Hubbard Township, Werner said.
Once Masurite Explosive was established, other industries followed, including Standard Tank and General American.
"That's when Masury exploded, you might say," Werner said. "The Brookfield part remained pretty rural."
Masury became a player in local politics and community development, and was a deputy sheriff, but began dismantling his operation in 1911. He eventually moved in California, where he was an explosives consultant for the Army.
Largely upon the efforts of Olive Masury, the burgeoning industrial section of Brookfield and the "mill village" that sprouted up around it became known as Masury, Werner said.
"She was very much involved in recognizing her husband," Werner said of Olive Masury.


5 Essential Facts That You Ought To Learn About Dewalt Rotating Sander
Just before we may begin this conversation about how to make use of a Dewalt Rotating Sander appropriately, our experts need to have to recognize what a rotary sander is and also what it does. A rotary sander is actually a maker that does something contacted "sanding.".
Sanding is something that you do when you build one thing soft, like household furniture, or you repair something as well as you need to have to make it smooth, like autos. In the case of vehicles, you will definitely observe that the area is going to get irregular with time, as well as you need to have to sand it down to make it flat and consistent.
You are actually utilizing this resource to refine off the exterior of the cars and truck if you are actually making use of a rotary sander to make your cars and truck directly. The means this functions is actually that the fining sand activity utilizes a circular motion to push the sand know the tire. The force that the tire must take in, of course, is actually heading to affect exactly how quick the sanding is mosting likely to be actually.
Due to the fact that they don't have any relocating components, most rotary Sanders on the market today are electricity. Electric Sanders uses a district to smooth out the surface area, but additionally consists of a few other attributes, such as:.
Enhanced Smoothness: These Sanders have districts to produce them much more efficient at smoothing the surface. If you acquire additional energy away from all of them, it's visiting help you go quicker as well as produce the work simpler. This power is going to come at an expense, since you're going to possess to pay out for the motors and all the parts that go along with it. Electric Sanders does certainly not lack electric batteries like some power devices do.
Enhanced Turn Precision: Along with a power sander, you do not have to stress over too much rotating, given that you can switch the machine in ways that will not damage the cable. In other words, you do not must bother with the cable bursting. With a turning sander, you need to regularly transform the belt to maintain the right slant. Along with electrical machines, you can easily transform them in one instructions and they'll work penalty.
Improved Sanding Velocity: Along with the majority of rotary Sanders, the electric motors that create the sanding movement job best with the fining sand velocity that you specify. This means that it is crucial to make sure that you are actually utilizing the correct setting on the maker. You do not intend to purchase an equipment along with insufficient energy or even a lot of speed.
The ideal rotating sander, after that, is one that is visiting be able to give you the fast forward for the sanding that you need to have. It has to be able to run at simply the right velocity and also the amount of electrical power that you require. A Dewalt Turning Sander that operates at 100 RPM is actually going to be much less strong than one that runs at 400 RPM.
A smaller variety, certainly, suggests that the sanding is heading to be actually much faster, therefore you could need to do it more frequently. But if you are sure that you are actually utilizing a large number, you'll enjoy with the volume of sanding you can do in a time. The very same puts on energy.
A Dewalt Rotary Sander can easily acquire quite massive as well as tough to take care of. This is as a result of the truth that it is so powerful. It may not be actually capable to aid you if you are going to have to lug it around when you use it on a regular manner.
Consider that it is actually heading to be harder to hold the strong device and the wire around to service your job. Be sure that you acquire the maker that you need to have, certainly not just because it appears pleasant but due to the fact that it is going to have the capacity to give you the power that you require which it will provide you the smoothest surface that you require.
The eccentric sander force that the tire has to absorb, of course, is going to influence how prompt the sanding is going to be actually.
If you receive additional power out of all of them, it is actually going to help you go quicker as well as create the project simpler. This energy is actually going to come at a price, since you're going to have to spend for the motors and also all the components that go along with it. The ideal rotary sander, at that point, is actually one that is actually going to be able to offer you the max speed for the fining sand that you need to have. A Dewalt Turning Sander that runs at 100 RPM is actually going to be actually less powerful than one that manages at 400 Revoltions Per Minute.
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Next, you need to create a menu system for the example interface. This section shows you how to create the basic objects which comprise it.
A menu bar is created automatically when you create a new interface. To create the menu system for the example interface, you need to add a menu which contains two items.
Menu-Barobject in the Menu hierarchy area.
Notice that, as in the layouts view, an object remains selected if it can itself have children. This means that creating the basic menu structure is a very quick process.
Next, you need to name the objects you have created. As with the layouts, this is achieved by specifying attribute values.
Menu-1menu is still selected, and use the Object > Attributes menu command to display its Attributes dialog.
selection-menu. Do not click OK yet.
As well as specifying the Name attribute for the menu you created, you need to change the Title attribute of each object you created. To do this, you must ensure that the appropriate attribute categories are displayed in the Attributes dialog.
The Attributes dialog changes to appear as shown in Displaying title attributes for a menu.
Figure 20.5 Displaying title attributes for a menu
"Selection". Click OK.
The Title attribute is used to specify the title of the menu that appears in the interface itself; note the change in the interface skeleton.
Next, you need to change the attributes of the two menu items.
"Item-1"object and press
"Graph"and the Name attribute to
graph-command. Click OK.
"Item-2"object to display its Attributes dialog and change the Title attribute to
"List Panel"and the Name attribute to
list-panel-command. Click OK.
You have now finished the basic definition of the menu system for your example interface.
LispWorks IDE User Guide (Unix version) - 25 Nov 2011


The themes in the Canterville Ghost
The Canterville Ghost is a ghost story.
Ghost stories belong to the genre called horror literature, whose purpose is to scare the reader with situations that cause horror or fear. The most common technique is suspense, the slow insinuating of a doubt or of a frightening revelation, which keeps the reader interested.
 This story can be defined an inverted ghost story, because a lot of elements are different from the traditional ones. The main difference is the fact that Mr Otis is not scared by the ghost, while usually people should be. Moreover, the Ghost itself is frightened by the Otis twins.
 There is also comic relief bordering on farce, including buckets of water balanced on half-open doors. But the story has a dark centre. The crime and retribution which led to the haunting is ghastly, and this is really not a comedy at all, but a tale of redemption through the power of love. The innocent girl of the family, appropriately called Virginia, prays for the ghost and endures terrifying if unnamed experiences to release the ghost.
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How to Combat Infertility
Combating infertility can be one of the most difficult things a couple may have to do. However, that does not mean it's impossible. It is possible with a little bit of help and support from those around us and doctors.
Many women go through this pain and many of them win the battle, having multiple children. So if you feel as though you are in this battle, we believe you can easily come out successfully if you follow these few tips.
 1. Stressed out
At times, because we are so worried or anxious about the whole procedure, the stress tends to throw our hormones out of balance. This can be a huge factor in promoting infertility. You need to relax and let your body be. You need to stay calm and collected, and trust your body to do its thing. If you over stress and overthink, it throws your hormones and neurotransmitters out of balance causing more issues.
 1. Medication
Certain medications are made for the sole purpose of combating infertility. We suggest you go to a doctor, get a full checkup done, and take the prescribed medicines. Having those regularly will have a huge impact on your hormone levels and your reproductive organs, helping in fertilization.
 1. Losing weight
Many women that face infertility tend to be overweight and obese. This can lead to infertility too. By bringing in omega-rich foods into their diets and cutting out carbs and sugar, it will help your body lose weight and come back to its original shape. This will help in creating the right environment for fertilization and combat infertility
 1. Exercise
Exercise just like losing weight can help tone out your body. It is also an excellent way to release stress that these things can bring. So we suggest that including exercise within your routine would be excellent to combat infertility.


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Here's my current solution for doing it solo. It's a multi-step process, but not too challenging and not fatiguing on your body.
See photo below.
1. Hook up ropes (with loops about 1-2 foot or two apart).
2. Hook rubber straps with S-hooks to the wheels and then attach them to the ropes with good tension.
3. Go to the front of the boat and lift up. The tension from the rubber straps will automatically pull the wheels under the boat.
4. Then readjust the tension by hooking the rubber straps further up the rope.
5. Repeat until you're the wheels are as close to the side-stay connection points (boat's center of gravity) as possible.
6. It's best to ditch the rubber straps at this point and secure the wheels with rope. (Not doing so you'll find challenges as you're wheeling it down or up the beach because the rubber straps will stretch and will thus come out a ways from the center of gravity, making it difficult to maneuver.)
The key to solo-launching is to have the wheels directly at the center of gravity. It will make you chuckle with how easy it is to move the boat.


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I came up with a novel way to measure the distance between two non-numeric items. Let me explain.
Suppose you have two numeric items like (5.0, 2.0, 3.0) and (4.0, 0.0, 3.0). You can easily calculate a distance between the items. For example, the Euclidean distance is sqrt((5-4)^2 + (2-0)^2 + (3-3)^2) = sqrt(5) = 2.24.
But if the items are non-numeric, calculating a meaningful distance is very hard. Suppose v1 = (red, short, heavy) and v2 = (blue, medium, heavy). You could say that the two items differ in two spots so their distance is 2.0. But this doesn't take into account that there could be a dozens colors (red, blue, green,... ) and only three lengths (short, medium, long). A full discussion of the difficulties of measuring distance between non-numeric items would takes pages. Just trust me, it's an extremely difficult problem.
My novel idea uses what's called category utility (CU). CU is a metric I ran across in an obscure research paper several years ago. CU measures the goodness of a clustering of a dataset of non-numeric data. CU works by computing a measure of theoretic information gain. Larger CU values mean more information gain due to the clustering.
So my idea is this. If you want to measure the distance between item v1 and v2 that belong to a non-numeric dataset, calculate a CU1 for a clustering that has item v1 in a cluster by itself (and all the other items in a second cluster). Then calculate CU2 for a clustering that has item v2 in a cluster by itself (and all the other items in a second cluster). The difference in CU values is a measure of the difference in information gain, and can be used as a distance.
I coded up a demo, and somewhat to my surprise, the idea seems to work very well. This could be an important result and I wish I had time to explore it.


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Jealousy is a negative feeling which is similar to envy. You feel jealous of someone when he or she possesses something that you don't have. It might be money, some unique personality trait or any kind of achievement made by a person because of which he or she is envied by his or her contemporaries. In Christian Mythology, jealousy has been regarded as the green-eyed monster which mocks the meat that it feeds on. Jealousy is not considered a positive feeling in any way.
Jealousy has been considered to be the love bed of the burning snarl. In the words of Aristotle, "Jealousy is both reasonable and belongs to reasonable men, while envy is base and belongs to the base, for the one makes himself get good things by jealousy, while the other does not allow his neighbour to have them through envy."