text:
Program Name: Tell-a-Story
Approximate Duration: Ongoing. Each story lasting approximately 2-4 months.
Intended Audience: Ages 11 and under
Supplies Needed: Ability to submit a form via library website.
Interactive, child-driven online story. A first line is provided on the Tell-a-Story library website. _URL_ Children read the line and use a form on the site to submit the next line. All submissions are sent to a staff member who chooses the next line from the submissions and posts it on the site. Thus, the story unfolds. Optional: Host a drawing contest (theme to match the story's theme) with the winning drawing used as a background for the story. Honorable Mentions can also be linked.
Develop narrative and literacy skills. Increase children's use of the library website.
How will outcomes be measured? By the amount and quality of submissions.
Tasks/Timeline: Post artwork and first line to the Tell-a-Story page. Enable form and staff recipient of submissions. The quality and quantity of submissions help determine how often new lines are posted by staff member, as well as when the story ends. Once a story ends, the process repeats and finished stories may be archived on the site.
Name: Michelle Alleman, Public Services Librarian II, Cuyahoga County (OH) Public Library
Return to Great Technology Programs for Children
Return to ALSC ChildTech Wiki main page.


text:
Characteristic of those things which may not be classified as either silly nor ridiculous because they are characterized by a perfect balance between the two characteristics.
Examples of SILLICULOUS:
The man's attempts to hide his true feelings for her, after so many attempts to show them, were silliculous, to say the least.
She had a silliculous way of pretending she didn't see him every time they ran into each other.
Origin of SILLICULOUS:
From English ridiculous (Latin ridēre to laugh) and English silly (Old English sǣl happiness; Goth sels kindhearted; Old High German sālig blissful; Latin solari to comfort).
First Known Use: 2012
Related Forms of SILLICULOUS:
— si·llic·u·lous·ly adverb
— si·llic·u·lous·ness noun
funny, nonsensical, droll, foolish
asshat, ham, wtf
*written for WordPress Daily Prompt

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


On your iPhone 4S, you can use the Mail app's handy Search feature to find specific e-mails. For example, say you want to find all messages from a certain person or containing a certain word in the Subject field.
 1. With Mail open, tap the Inbox button.
 2. In the Inbox, tap in the Search field. The onscreen keyboard appears.
 3. Enter a search term or name.
 4. Tap the From, To, Subject tab to view messages that contain the search term in one of those fields, or tap the All tab to see messages in which any of these three fields contains the term. Matching e-mails are listed in the results.
You can also use the Spotlight Search feature to search for terms in the To, From, or Subject lines of mail messages.
To start a new search or go back to the full Inbox, tap the Delete icon (the circled X) on the far-right end of the Search field to delete the term or just tap the Cancel button.


text:
Evaluating Tagging Methods and Movement Patterns of Round Gobies
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an invasive fish species introduced in the St. Clair River in 1990 and is now found throughout the Great Lakes basin. Information on round goby movement and behavior is needed to understand their potential impact on the Great Lakes. Research on potential tagging methods and movement of round gobies is scant. We explored the use of marking round gobies with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in order to determine the effects of tagging on growth and mortality. In general, we found that the presence of a tag in the fish had no strong effect on growth or mortality. We also conducted a study on the movement patterns of round gobies in Muskegon Lake. Using PIT tagged fish we followed 48 round gobies enclosed in a 20x20-m block net for 22 days. Our goal was to determine the movement patterns of the gobies within the block net and examine the effects of various factors on these patterns. However, during the course the study, we found that the equipment used was not optimal for use with round gobies. Due to a high escape rate and low detection rate of fish, no conclusions could be surmised on round goby movement. Overall, we determined that although PIT tags do not strongly affect the growth or mortality of round gobies, the equipment available currently seems to be inadequate for tracking round gobies in shallow-water, lake habitats.
Faculty Mentor: Carl Ruetz
Page last modified July 14, 2009


text:
I purchased an inexpensive cnc touch probe many years ago and have always been concerned about the accuracy. These cheap probes (and some expensive ones) use a tripod type arrangement where 3 shafts, spaced 120 degrees apart, rest on pairs of balls. This makes a normally closed circuit, which is opened when probe shaft is moved. Given the geometry of the tripod, either one or two shafts will break the circuit depending on the direction of contact.
The probe is directly connected to the CNC controller board input, so the resistance of the touch probe circuit is important in the detection of the probe touch.
To try and measure this, I fixed a precision disc to the cnc router table, and wrote a gcode routine to probe the outside of the disc, moving from the outside of the disc, towards the center of the disc (the origin, x0 y0). The precision disc came from a 1″-2″ micrometer. This disc is used to "zero" the micrometer to 1″.
This is the gcode (units are in mm)…
# = 15
# = 5
# = 0
o10 repeat [ 360/# ]
# = [# * cos[ # ]]
# = [# * sin[ # ]]
g0 x# y#
g38.2 x0 y0
g0 x# y#
(print,#, #, #)
# = [# + #]
And here are the results…
The chart shows the offset from the outside of the disc (1″). The probe tip diameter is 2.452mm. The green line shows the probe tip radius. This line is where an ideal probe would have triggered. The red and blue lines show the actual results from 2 test runs – very repeatable.
The chart shows 2 clear issues; one is the large offset before triggering – either an electrical switching issue, or the flexibility of the probe. The second issue is how the trigger point varies depending on the angle of approach of the probe. (there also may be an error due to the disc not being truly at the origin (and there may be backlash issues with my machine)).
The first fix would be to add a sensitive detector to the circuit eg an opamp to detect a minute change in circuit resistance. Given that the results are also so predictable, the offset could be corrected based on the travel direction of the probe, but this would require the probe to be inserted into the spindle in the exact position every time.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Magnetic dipole moment (Ampère model)
The magnetic moment of a magnet is therefore a measure of its strength and orientation. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. More precisely, the term magnetic moment normally refers to a system's magnetic dipole moment, which produces the first term in the multipole expansion of a general magnetic field.
Both the torque and force exerted on a magnet by an external magnetic field are proportional to that magnet's magnetic moment. The magnetic moment is a vector: it has both a magnitude and direction. The direction of the magnetic moment points from the south to north pole of a magnet (inside the magnet). For example, the direction of the magnetic moment of a bar magnet, such as the one in a compass is the direction that the north poles points toward.
Related formulas
mmagnetic dipole moment (A*m2)
Icurrent (A)
Athe area (m2)


text:
You would have to think about how to do the lookup, since there are two methods that the set needs,
The hash is a "loose part" that you can take away, but the
__eq__ is not a loose part that you can save; you have to have two strings for the comparison.
If you only need negative confirmation (this item is not part of the set), you could fill a Set collection you implemented yourself with your strings, then you "finalize" the set by removing all strings, except those with collisions (those are kept around for eq tests), and you promise not to add more objects to your Set. Now you have an exclusive test available.. you can tell if an object is not in your Set. You can't be certain if "obj in Set == True" is a false positive or not.
Edit: This is basically a bloom filter that was cleverly linked, but a bloom filter might use more than one hash per element which is really clever.
Edit2: This is my 3-minute bloom filter:
class BloomFilter (object):
Let's make a bloom filter
__contains__ has false positives, but never false negatives
def __init__(self, hashes=(hash, )):
self.hashes = hashes
self.data = set()
def __contains__(self, obj):
return all((h(obj) in self.data) for h in self.hashes)
def add(self, obj):
self.data.update(h(obj) for h in self.hashes)


text:
Give the main theme or central idea of the poem 'Small Pain in My Chest' written by Michael Mack. / What is the poem Small Pain in My Chest all about? / What is the poet's message here?
The poem A Small Pain in My Chest begins with a soldier boy calling the narrator and asking his help. The narrator approaches the injured soldier boy and extends his help by offering him some water. After that that two have a conversation about how the boy got injured in war last night. The soldier boy expresses his feelings and thoughts in the course of the chat. But he could not survive his injuries that he calls "a small pain" in his chest, and finally died. The narrator was shocked at his death.
So, the poem is all about a soldier's confessions, thoughts and feelings before death, and the narrator's feelings at his death. Through this poem, the poet actually wants to evoke the pity of war in our minds and raise a war against war. The poem is an anti-war poem.


text:
- from the old French sonder, meaning to measure the depth.
Soundings are what the marine surveyors of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey obtained, day in and day out, all day long as small ships and
survey boats steered their lines to the rhythm of "On the next!
Stand-byyyy! MARK IT!'
members of the survey team would read the depth, measure the angles
to determine the position of the boat, and plot that position with
a three-arm protractor on the boat sheet and print the depth to boot.
Then the cycle would start again. Millions of soundings were obtained
this way to make the charts that led mariners safely to our shores
for the first century and a half of the Coast Survey's existence.
Then came the age of electronics.
the Coast Surveyors as they sound our waterways from Maine to Texas
and California to Alaska....
Pole to Sea Beam


text:
Jonathan Raymond is the founder of Refound.com and the author of a new book called 'Good Authority'. Jonathan has worked in many businesses, including, in the wind energy sector, as a lawyer, and as a yoga instructor. He began his work as a business consultant when he became the CEO of EMyth in 2011.
In this broadcast, Jonathan Raymond and I talk about:
- How becoming the CEO of EMyth helped him begin to find his balance in life.
- Why it is that Refound.com has the goal of 'helping the helper'.
- Some of the common challenges to holding people accountable in business and organizations.
- How to hold people accountable while keeping an open heart. How to be a boss who is not too tough or too soft.
- Identifying some of the symptoms of being a boss who is not great at accountability with his team, including:
- Constantly finding yourself mediating disputes between people.
- Having the sense that there are sloppy mistakes being made by your team.
- Having people continually check in with you on tasks they should be able to complete themselves.
- Finding that every meeting ends with a call for better communication.
- Frequently seeing that something is 'off' with your team but not doing anything about it.
- How to take proactive steps to avoid these accountability and communication problems by naming the problem and setting up a culture of communication within your organization.
- The problems that happen when bosses forget that they do have power, which can cause a barrier to honest communication.
- His theory of the 'Trickle-Down-Transformation', how it happens and why it does not work.
- How the alternative to Trickle-Down-Transformation is real time feed back, a culture of communication within the organization, and consistent outside feedback from those who are structurally outside of the day-to-day operations of the organization.
How to find Jonathan Raymond online:
- Websites: Refound.com
- Book: Good Authority: How to Become the Leader Your Team Is Waiting For
- Course: The Culture Course
- Twitter: _USER_
If you enjoyed today's podcast, please leave a review on iTunes here. Thanks so much in advance for your support.


text:
Dolphin Pregnancy Is a Drag, Literally
A bottlenose dolphin.
CREDIT: Chris Johnson – earthOCEAN
The extreme physical changes that come during pregnancy may be most evident in humans, but they plague other animals as well. New research shows that pregnant dolphins are so hefty the increased drag on the body makes them swim slower.
"They have this huge body and that creates a large frontal surface area and that drag is going to pull at them," study researcher Shawn Noren, of the University of California, at Santa Cruz, told LiveScience. "Swim performance is lower as well."
It's possible that this extra effort to swim fast could have an impact on the species' survival. If the pregnant dolphins can't escape predators or keep up with their group when chased by tuna fishermen, it could explain why the population isn't rebounding as quickly as expected, Noren said. (Groups of dolphins and groups of tuna tend to live in close proximity, so tuna fishermen chase down dolphins to get to the tuna that usually live below them.)
Dolphins in action
Noren filmed two pregnant dolphins at Dolphin Quest in Hawaii. They were nearly full term. She compared these videos with video taken two years after the pregnancy and found that not only did the larger fully pregnant females produce more drag as they swam through the water, their swimming technique was also altered.
An analysis showed that by having a greater surface area due to their pregnant bellies, which meant more water for the dolphins to push out of their way as they swam, the drag on their bodies increased by about 50 percent compared with their svelte, non-pregnant state.
"When this animal is not pregnant it can swim exactly twice as fast and get the same drag," Noren said.
Because of where the baby dolphin sits (near the mama's tail) during development, the mothers also didn't have as much flexibility at near full-term. They couldn't flip their tails up and down as far as they could after giving birth, so they compensated by flipping their tails about 14 percent more often. [Infographic: How Long Are Animals Pregnant?]
"That whole second half of the animal's body is what the dolphins use to swim, and that fetus is sitting back there toward the back part of the tail," Noren said. "We measured the same animals after birth [of their baby], and they were moving their tail flukes higher when they weren't pregnant than when they were."
These weighed-down mamas might have more trouble outrunning predators (or tuna fishermen) in the wild. Noren notes that their wild predators, which include sharks and some whales, can reach speeds faster than these pregnant dolphins and so might be able to overtake them in a chase.
During these chases, fleeing either aquatic or human predators, young, sick or pregnant dolphins may lose their group, which, Noren said, "could explain why the population isn't recoveringat the expected rate."
This kind of pregnancy drag is likely present in every animal. Birds and land animals (and even insects) need to fight against gravity to keep moving, and as they grow larger this gets more difficult.
"Every animal has shown reduced performance [during pregnancy] and becomes quite sedentary," Noren said. Not many studies have been able to show exactly how much of a drag pregnancy can be.
The study was published Nov. 24 in the Journal of Experimental Biology.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


text:
So you're in the market for some pickups. You pull up Google and start looking. So many options, so many builders. This one says it has AlNiCo III magnets, this other one says AlNiCo V and yet another says it's loaded with AlNiCo II. What does this mean and what is the difference, really?
Let's start with what the word AlNiCo even means. AlNiCo is an acronym for a metal blend of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, and iron. The number following AlNiCo represents the proportions of each metal in that blend. For example, AlNiCo V contains 8% aluminum(al), 14% nickel(ni), 24% cobalt(co), 3% copper(not included in AlNiCo acronym), and the balance (51%) is iron. AlNiCo III, and II use different proportions to achieve different magnet strengths and properties.
AlNiCo magnets were invented in the 1920's as an alternative to weaker Iron magnets. Iron magnets weakened quickly and lost charge easily with shock or temperature changes. Alnico magnets keep a stronger magnetic field over time and are more resilient to shock and heat.
The most popular AlNiCo magnets you will see in guitar and bass pickups are AlNiCo V, AlNiCo II, AlNiCo III, AlNiCo IV, and AlNiCo VIII. Most commonly you will see AlNiCo V and ceramic (which is a different animal and found in many modern, more aggresive pickups).
Leo Fender started using AlNiCo blended magnets in his experimental pickups as early as 1940. In the Blackguard Book, Nacho Baños writes that Leo used AlNiCo III in the early Broadcasters and Teles. Early P.A.F. humbuckers used AlNiCo V or II. Often, builders used what was available at the time and they changed every few years. Fender was notorious for this.
When shopping for vintage style pickups, you will see alnico II referenced often. This blend is used by many pickup makers for vintage reissue pickups. It is similar to AlNiCo III in that it is weaker than the AlNiCo V we hear so often, but the composition and resulting tone is very different.
Alnico V is by far the most used magnet in our shop with 95% of all pickups produced here using that blend. AlNiCo V has a stronger magnetic pull than AlNiCo II or III. This translates into tighter low end response and a more aggressive, edgy tone.
A good way to imagine the difference between Alnico magnets is to compare them to shocks in a car. Alnico II is like a set of worn in shocks, Alnico V is more like a set of stiff shocks, and Neodymium is like a hardtail Harley, translating every bump in the road.
So what do I use?
There are a few considerations here:


Committal hearings
Committal hearings (also known as committal proceedings) are heard in the Magistrates' Court for indictable offences.
They occur after a person has been formally charged with an offence and either released on bail or held in remand. They mark the initiation of formal proceedings against an accused by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).
Purpose of committal hearings
The purpose of these proceedings is for the Magistrate to determine whether the DPP has sufficient evidence to gain a conviction at trial in a higher court (i.e. whether there is a "prima facie" case). If the Magistrate deems that there is enough evidence for a conviction, he or she will commit the defendant to stand trial.
If there is insufficient evidence, the Magistrate can dismiss a case, and the defendant will be released. However, if further evidence is found, the defendant can be charged again.
Another purpose of committal hearings is to ensure efficiency in the operation of County and Supreme courts, as they will not have to waste time with weak prosecution cases.
There are two types of committal hearings:
 - Traditional method: prosecution witnesses give oral evidence in a courtroom under oath. As in a formal trial, these witnesses are examined and cross-examined. The defence may enter a plea, and occasionally call witnesses. However, the focus is on the prosecution.
 - Hand-up-brief method: prosecution witnesses give evidence through sworn written statements. This is the most common method of committal hearing.
See also:
Criminal pre-trial procedures
Bail and remand
Purposes of criminal pre-trial procedures


text:
Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines.
In simpler words, parallax is a visual effect you experience when moving. Objects closer to you appear to move past more quickly than objects that are farther away. For example, when riding in a car, if you look out the side window, a tree by the side of the road will move through your field of vision much faster than a barn in the distance behind it. This effect is utilized within software to convey a sense of depth.
The most recent incarnation of the Foursquare iPhone App employs a parallax effect in which information on the screen scrolls on a plane above the map.
This GIFF doesn't do it justice, of course, but a still image wouldn't convey it at all. The effect is purely aesthetic, but it feels good. It's an enjoyable microinteraction.


text:
1. Explain Berkeley's use of these terms with definitions and
B. sensible things
C. things immediately perceived
D. mediate perception
2. Why does Berkeley think intense heat is in the mind? Moderate heat? Taste? Odor?
3. On what grounds does Philonous reject Hylas' conclusion that: "We must not
therefore conclude absolutely, that there is no heat in the fire, or sweetness in the
sugar, but only that heat or sweetness, as perceived by us, are not in the fire or sugar.
4 Name the primary properties. What is Berkeley's argument to show that primary
properties exist in the mind?


August 01, 2021, 12:59:20 AM
Min/Max Accretion
Started by wbsonic, September 11, 2017, 10:08:23 PM
previous topic - next topic
Go Down
I've been working on my accretion inputs for SLAMM, and was wondering how the Min/Max accretion rate parameters function within the model.
I developed some accretion curves through MEM. Do the Min/Max parameters set a cap on the rates these curves can reach?
Or do they adjust the curves to reach these set min/maxes?
Jonathan S. Clough
To understand these curves and parameters, please see the spreadsheet:
Which is installed along with SLAMM.
You will see that the equations describe a third order polynomial which then can be scaled to the min and max accretion values. That allows you to play games keeping the shape of the feedback curve intact but increasing or decreasing the minimum and maximum accretion values as part of a sensitivity or uncertainty analysis.
Let me know if you can't find the spreadsheet or have additional questions.
Go Up


As a student ambassador to the Wisconsin School of Business, I have become the face of the school to most incoming students. The other ambassadors and I give informational sessions, meet with families and answer questions that potential students may have through phone calls and emails.
For a job as demanding as this, knowing everything about the business school, including statistics, requirements and contacts, is a must. But being the face of a school, while it does come with incredibly rewarding experiences and skills (and some cool polos), also means facing students who may not be happy with their results.
When a potential student does not get into the school, they reach out to ambassadors. When a parent becomes angry, looking at the email that says their child did not get accepted, they reach out to ambassadors.
Speaking with these students and their parents about solutions to what they consider the end of their life plans requires ambassadors not only know about other ways to study business, but also have empathy for each student that goes through the process. It requires being able to feel for someone who you've never met and probably will never meet in your entire life.
Having empathy also means realizing where students struggle most and trying to help them. In most cases, the business school does a very good job with this. Pre-business advisors, ambassadors and websites filled with information about how to apply all help potential students in making sure they are ready to submit an amazing application.
But after talking to countless potential students, I've learned there are areas where the Business School can do a better job in helping students get into the school.
Business school dean steps down for faculty positionThe Dean of the University of Wisconsin School of Business announced Tuesday she will be stepping down from her role Read…
Right now, a student can only apply to the business school if they meet certain requirements. Among those are certain classes — microeconomics, calculus, psychology and communication arts — along with a minimum GPA of 2.75.
All of these requirements are ones that the student has great control over. In most cases, students can easily take the classes that fit the requirements and decide to put in the work necessary to earn a higher GPA.
The one requirement that students cannot control is known as the "86-credit rule." Essentially, the 86-credit rule means a student cannot apply to the Wisconsin School of Business if they have 86 or more credits completed.
This rule is in place for many reasons, but mainly, between 86 and 120 credits (the requirement to graduate), there is not enough the business school can teach you to prepare you for the business world afterward. Thirty-four credits will not fit the requirements or teach a student everything the business school has to offer.
The issue is that students come in with however many credits they complete in AP scores or from a different university. What this means is that while students can choose to take certain classes to meet the requirements, they can't choose which credits they want to transfer and may be ineligible to apply due to the credit cap.
For example, a friend of mine came in with around 40 credits from AP scores and from testing out of her Spanish classes. This warranted a huge celebration, as it meant she could brag to her friends that she had sophomore standing. But her celebration ended when she learned that she only had one opportunity to apply to the business school because by the spring of her sophomore year, she would already have over 86 credits.
Suddenly, the ease that comes with knowing students can apply twice to the Wisconsin School of Business (if they don't get in the first time) didn't apply to her. She would only have one chance to make it into the school, or her dream of majoring in accounting with a degree from the business school that she had been planning since the early years of high school may be over.
UW business school proposes cutting full-time MBA programUniversity of Wisconsin faculty will review the Wisconsin School of Business proposal to suspend admission to their full-time Masters of Read…
Collin Dott, a sophomore involved in the ASM internship program, actually met with different business students and directors, including Dean Massey, about this issue. His proposal — that only business-related credits count toward the 86-credit-cap, has not been implemented yet but has received positive feedback from a lot of other students and staff in the business school.
This way, a student coming in with six credits in psychology and math and 20 credits in electives, knows only the six credits would count towards the actual credit cap, allowing them to apply a second time if they don't get in the first. A sophomore, who had recently just developed an interest in business, can rest assured that only their business classes would count towards the credit cap.
There is nothing harder than answering a phone call from an eager transfer student, whose entire life changed when they saw the acceptance letter to the University of Wisconsin, and telling them they are ineligible to apply to the business school because they took too many classes in their previous college.
Even with news that the business school will be accepting more direct admits, though this idea may not be the right solution, the requirement still leaves out those who were not accepted the first time, those who did not apply directly, or those who transferred. Something must change.


text:
Essentially, port replication is "mirroring" the ports of active fiber optic hardware in a passive component (fiber patch panel). This creates a direct relationship between the active hardware ports and the passive structured cabling environment, thus simplifying the cabling process as all numbers on the hardware directly correspond to the numbers on the patch panel.
- What port replication is
- Why you should use port replication in your data center
- How port replication can simplify cable management and moves, adds and changes
- The challenges of proper port replication
Simply fill out the form to the right to receive your free white paper from CABLExpress.


text:
Enjoy the following Turkey jokes and may the Lord bless your Thanksgiving celebration.
What key won't open any door? (A turkey!)
Why did the turkey cross the road? (It was the chicken's day off!)
Why did the chewing gum cross the road? (It was stuck on the turkey's foot!)
Why did the turkey cross the road twice? (To prove he wasn't chicken!)
What do you get when a turkey lays an egg on top of a barn? (An eggroll!)
Where do you find a turkey with no legs? (Exactly where you left it!)
What do you call it when it rains turkeys? (Foul weather!)
Which side of a turkey has the most feathers? (The outside!)
Why do turkeys lay eggs? (If they dropped them, they'd break!)
What's the most musical part of a turkey? (The drumstick!)
HERE'S THE POINT:
This Thanksgiving, don't focus your day on turkey and pie. Take time to truly give thanks for how good God is. He loves you and gave His Son to give you life.
1 Thessalonians 5:18 says, "Give thanks in everything, for this is God's will for you in Christ Jesus."
If these resources bless you, consider supporting this ministry:


Difference between revisions of "Implement interface contracts"
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[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:BP4 Implement secure development practices]]
Latest revision as of 07:50, 3 June 2009
 - Provide unit-level semantic input validation.
 - Identify reliability errors in a structured way at the earliest point in time.
 - Implementer
 - As needed; generally as functions or methods are modified.
Interface contracts are also commonly known as assertions. They can be a formidable tool for preventing security problems - particularly if applied consistently, and rigorously.
In many application development processes, interface contracts are not enabled in production software. They are removed by habit in order to improve efficiency. If the efficiency impact is nominal for the project, CLASP strongly recommends leaving such checks in the code for the sake of security.
Otherwise, checks of security critical parameters should be implemented using a permanent mechanism, such as code directly at the top of the function, as discussed in activities below.
Implement validation and error handling on function or method inputs
For each method or function visible outside its compilation unit, specify in code what the expectations are for valid input values. One should validate that each input variable has a valid value in and of itself, and should determine validity in relation to other inputs. Validation checks should contain no side effects. Failures should be handled as specified in design. See CLASP Resource B for the concept on input validation.
Input variables should not be constrained to parameters. Any variable read by the function or method should be considered an input variable - including global variables, and class and method variables. Note that some interface contract facilities will allow specifying invariants for an entire class - i.e., things that must always be true about class data before and after each method invocation - once.
Implement validation on function or method outputs
Perform the same validation between relationships before exiting a function or method. Output specifications are meant to provide a clear behavioral specification to calling code to prevent accidental misuse.
Generally, output validation code is most useful in implementation. It is reasonable to disable such code for deployment or even use pseudo-code if absolutely necessary.


text:
When voyageurs and early Illinois settlers ventured into the wild, they probably carried a small bag designed to hold "everything possible." The bag would hold flint and steel for starting a fire or lead balls for a musket.
Use the interactive activities on this site to explore Illinois history with late elementary students. You'll find lesson plans, activities, photos, posters and correlations to Illinois Learning Standards.
Illinois' furbearers were valuable to early settlers and they are valuable today.
Wild Illinois History is presented by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
The activities on this site are correlated to Illinois Learning Standards. Learn more.


text:
Extreme reading among the zoo animals
Thursday 23 October 2008
Two schoolgirl bookworms found some novel places to browse, by taking their homework to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo for some 'extreme reading'.
Jessica Ackers and Francesca Cross, both 10, let their imagination run riot when their school asked pupils to think of 'unusual, funny or surprising' locations for reading a book, to celebrate Children's Book Week.
The pair, from Oakwood Primary School in St Albans, wrote to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo and initially asked to read while sitting on an elephant or giraffe. 'If our thoughts are too dangerous to carry out we would love it if you could suggest something else for us to do', they asked.
Whipsnade were happy to oblige with the latter option and keepers allowed the girls to test their nerve by reading among the lively lemurs on lemur island, while being watched over by our female giraffe Savannah and sitting in the elephant paddock.
The girls found the experience amazing and had to use all their concentration skills to keep their eyes on the books and not the animals.
Jessica said: 'We found the giraffe quite easy as she was eating the leaves but the lemurs were hard!'
'There were so many of them and they were all around you with their paws on the books!' added Francesca. Both girls love reading and enjoy fiction books. Francesca had just read an appropriate book called 'White Giraffe' by Lauren St John.


text: An increasing number of distributed real-time systems face the critical challenge of providing quality of service guarantees in open and unpredictable environments. In particular, such systems often need to enforce utilization bounds on multiple processors in order to avoid overload and meet end-to-end deadlines even when task execution times are unpredictable. While recent feedback control real-time scheduling algorithms have shown promise, they cannot handle the common end-to-end task model where each task is comprised of a chain of subtasks distributed on multiple processors. This paper presents the end-to-end utilization control (EUCON) algorithm that adaptively maintains desired CPU utilization through performance feedbacks loops. EUCON is based on a model predictive control approach that models utilization control on a distributed platform as a multivariable constrained optimization problem. A multi-input-multi-output model predictive controller is designed based on a difference equation model that describes the dynamic behavior of distributed real-time systems. Both control theoretic analysis and simulations demonstrate that EUCON can provide robust utilization guarantees when task execution times deviate from estimation or vary significantly at runtime.


text:
Veset Hayamim (Dates of anticipated menses)
A veset based on calendar dates is called veset hayamim (as opposed to a veset haguf, which is based on physical sensations accompanying menstruation).
Most women observe three types of vestot hayamim, which are calculated from the onset of their previous menses:
1) The same date of the Hebrew month, or yom hachodesh. If, for example, a woman began menstruating on the 15th of Nisan, then she anticipates her next menses on the 15th of Iyar.
2) The interval day, or haflagah. A woman anticipates that she will menstruate after the same interval as that which separated her previous two periods. If, for example, her last menses began 27 days after the beginning of the previous menses, then she anticipates her next menses 27days after the beginning of the last menses.
3) The thirtieth day from the onset of her previous menses, called the onah beinonit, the average interval.
Somewhat different rules apply to a woman with a veset kavua, a completely regular period as defined by halacha.
Each veset lasts for one onah, either daytime or night-time, corresponding to the beginning of the immediately preceding menses. For example, a woman who began menstruating during the day, and whose next period began after a 27-day interval at night, will anticipate her menses after a further 27-day interval at night.
According to some customs, additional periods of separation are required (some such customs are cited in onot perishah, onah beinonit). A custom adopted by a community as a whole is binding upon the entire community. Where there is no local custom, a couple inclined to observe these stringencies should consider the matter carefully and discuss it with a rabbi, as it would be halachically difficult for them to revert to the more lenient custom should they later wish to do so.


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Next: Excess Close Up: Syntax Errors
Excess Open Parentheses
The first step is to find the defun that is unbalanced. If there is
an excess open parenthesis, the way to do this is to insert a close
parenthesis at the end of the file and type 'C-M-b' ('backward-sexp').
This will move you to the beginning of the defun that is unbalanced.
(Then type 'C-SPC C-_ C-u C-SPC' to set the mark there, undo the
insertion of the close parenthesis, and finally return to the mark.)
The next step is to determine precisely what is wrong. There is no
way to be sure of this except to study the program, but often the
existing indentation is a clue to where the parentheses should have
been. The easiest way to use this clue is to reindent with 'C-M-q' and
see what moves.
Before you do this, make sure the defun has enough close parentheses.
Otherwise, 'C-M-q' will get an error, or will reindent all the rest of
the file until the end. So move to the end of the defun and insert a
close parenthesis there. Don't use 'C-M-e' to move there, since that
too will fail to work until the defun is balanced.
Then go to the beginning of the defun and type 'C-M-q'. Usually all
the lines from a certain point to the end of the function will shift to
the right. There is probably a missing close parenthesis, or a
superfluous open parenthesis, near that point. (However, don't assume
this is true; study the code to make sure.) Once you have found the
discrepancy, undo the 'C-M-q', since the old indentation is probably
appropriate to the intended parentheses.
After you think you have fixed the problem, use 'C-M-q' again. It
should not change anything, if the problem is really fixed.
automatically generated by info2www


Arabic speakers appreciate their gift
by Samantha Fabian
TScreen Shot 2018-03-15 at 1.45.02 PMhere are currently over 6,000 distinct languages spoken all over the world today, and out of those, at least 350 are spoken in the United States. When it comes to Marian, an array of these various languages are represented within the student body, Arabic being one of them.
With Arabic being the fifth most spoken language in the world, there is no question when it comes to its importance in today's society. Because of its dominating presence, those who speak Arabic are provided with many advantages. The Marian girls who speak Arabic are able to feel the effects of these advantages, as they are given unparalleled opportunities to connect with a wide variety of people and cultures. This in turn has given them a broader view of the world and opened their minds to new ideas.
Senior Telly Mounto has grown up speaking Arabic ever since she was able to talk. Mounto was brought up speaking Arabic because her family wanted to keep their culture alive in their household and have her be able to communicate with her other relatives. Now, it is "an everyday commutative tool," Mounto said.
Even at an early age, Mounto was aware that being bilingual was at a huge advantage to her, as it made her unique and gave her a way to set herself apart from others. She notes that living in America has conformed her to typical Western standards, but being able to speak Arabic has allowed her to also stick to her roots and keep her individuality.
"Not everyone can say they can speak Arabic. It's a very hard language to learn and it automatically distinguishes you," Mounto said.
Speaking Arabic has also been a way for freshman Wejuic Majok to stick to her roots. Majok's parents emigrated from Egypt to the United States in 2003 with her family; Majok was only eight months old at the time. Her family came over with very limited knowledge of the English language, so she ended up learning Arabic while simultaneously learning English.
The process of juggling the two languages was challenging for Majok, as her parents were also trying to incorporate Dinka, their native tribal language, into her vocabulary as well. Despite the early struggles, Majok is glad to have grown up in an Arabic speaking household, as she is now able to reap the benefits from speaking Arabic.
Majok has been able to form friendships with other Arabic speakers because of their mutual understanding of the language. Majok has also been able to connect with people in the Omaha community by attending Sudanese mass with other Arabic speakers.
Despite Majok never receiving formal training in Arabic, she plans to do so in the future so that she is able to read and write in Arabic. Along with becoming literate, she also wants to take formal classes so that she is able to pass down the language to her children in hopes that they are able to appreciate their heritage and background as much as she has.
Just as Mounto and Majok did, Sophomore Agoum Monydhel also grew up speaking Arabic, as both of her parents originated from Sudan. With Arabic being her first language, she didn't begin to speak English until she was placed into English as a Second Language (ESL) classes as a kindergartener.
"Learning English was very difficult for me, because at the time I was entering the kindergarten with little English," Monydhel said. "It wasn't enough for me to enter the reading class, so learning English was a difficult task. However, Arabic just grew on me. I was hearing it all the time at home, so it was just acquired."
Monydhel appreciates being able to speak both English and Arabic because it allows her to communicate with her relatives living in Sudan. Whether it is with her cousins or strangers in a supermarket, Monydhel admits that speaking Arabic has presented her with more opportunities to connect with a plethora of people and encounter more diverse cultures than if she were monolingual.
So, whether it be Arabic or one of the other 350 languages spoken in the United States, it is important to remember that learning a new language can open up new doors of opportunity and leave a trail of lasting impacts.
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text:
Definition of Craniocleidodysostosis
Craniocleidodysostosis: A genetic (inherited) disorder of bone development characterized by:
- Typical cranial and facial abnormalities with square skull, late closure of the sutures of the skull, late closure of the fontanels (the soft spots), low nasal bridge, delayed eruption of the teeth, abnormal permanent teeth, etc.
- Absent or incompletely formed collar bones (the "cleido-" part refers to the clavicles, the collar bones) The child with this disorder can bring its shoulders together or nearly so.
The disorder is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. A parent with the condition has a 50:50 chance that each of their children will have the condition. Boys and girls stand an equal chance of being affected. The gene for the condition has been found on chromosome 6 (specifically, in band p21). The gene is for the transcription factor CBFA1 (core-binding factor alpha subunit 1). Mutations of CBFA1 cause this disorder.
A possible example of this disorder has been found in the skull of a Neanderthal man. (The patient could not be interviewed as to family history).Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2011 5:27:15 PM
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The differences between the code for the emulator and the code for a real device
The Android developers can use Sensor Simulator to test their applications, in particular when they use sensors such as accelerometer or compass.
In this post I explain the differences in the code for an activity that runs on the emulator or a real device, and I don't discuss how to install or launch the emulator, for those topics you can refer to Sensor Simulator.
Switching from the emulator to the real device and vice versa you need to make some code changes and these changes can be divided into 4 points.
 1. different imports
 2. connection to the simulator in the onCreate method (this part is missing in the current code for the device)
 3. different listeners in the onResume method
 4. different ways to get the type of sensor in the onSensorChanged method
Here below I write the code with which you can connect to the emulator, to switch to the code for the real device comment the lines between
/ / **********
and uncomment the lines between
If you don't want to use AsyncTask to connect to emulator, you can replace
To get other info you can see this post.
The line
may also be necessary for the emulator, for example because you have to get the rotation matrix (getOrientationMatrix method) or spatial orientation (method getOrientation).
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text: The close connection between old age and retirement and to what extent society accepts work-free retirement in old age emerged as the topical themes we know in France and Germany as late as the 1950s and 1960s. By analysing the relevant discussions in the labour circles of both countries the author examines whether this modern concept of retirement originated in the early phase of the welfare state. The concepts and points of criticism which each of the labour movements developed for old age provision show, by virtue of the different national mental attitudes, that their considerations about old age as a life phase diverged from one another to a great degree. The German labour movement believed that old age pensions were primarily a compensation for the reduction in income on reaching an advanced age, and it thus gave preference to the invalidity pension. In contrast, French society supported the idea of welfare security for the old. Along with criticisms of state social policies, the purpose of providing for the old is at the centre of the essay's analysis, more specifically the contrary forms this discussion took in Germany and France: obliged to work in old age or well-earned retirement.


Silver Nemesis
Lady Peinforte
Fiona Walker
Silver Nemesis
click on images to enlarge
Lady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady Peinforte
Lady Peinforte was a seventeenth century noblewoman who sought the power of the Nemesis statue.
She had made the sculpture from the Gallifreyan substance Validium and in doing so, learned much about the Doctor.
She became aware not only of his alien heritage but a great deal more besides. However, the Doctor sent the statue into deep space to protect his secrets.
Peinforte time travelled to the twentieth century, knowing exactly when it was due to return.
She battled both the Cybermen and neo-Nazis for control of Nemesis, finally allowing her physical body to merge with the statue, which absorbed her completely. The statue, now resembling Lady Peinforte, launched itself into space, wiping out the Cybermen completely.
Although clearly a powerful and dangerous enemy, the exact circumstances that led to Lady Peinforte gaining such power are unclear, although the available evidence suggests that she was actually secretly aided by outside sources without her knowledge. An evil woman with arcane power and knowledge verging on witchcraft, at some point in the past, Lady Peinforte acquired a sample of Validium – a living metal created as the ultimate defence for Gallifrey back in the early days of Rassilon and Omega -, which she sculpted into a statue of herself carrying a bow and arrow, describing it as 'immaculate beauty carved in absolute evil'. The exact details of Lady Peinforte's first encounter with The Doctor are unknown, but it is known that it featured a battle between soldiers loyal to Lady Peinforte and Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads, culminating in The Doctor launching the Validium asteroid into space to prevent it from reaching critical mass, Lady Peinforte retaining the arrow while the bow was left in Windsor Castle until it vanished in 1788.
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Costs of refractive surgeries
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Calculated at per eye, the cost of LASIK can vary considerably from one surgeon or visual center to another. If the patient wants to have two eyes corrected, the cost doubles. In addition, LASIK using new technologies, e.g. wavefront and bladeless, requires even higher prices. This writing lists the average prices of traditional LASIK and customized wavefront LASIK as well as other types of laser eye surgery.
LASIK prices are affected by economic situation and surgery amount
The time when a LASIK cost less than $1,000 has gone for ever. But under the influence of economic conditions, average LASIK prices have not risen considerably during the past several years, although LASIK prices before 2006 were much lower than now. Another factor that is worth consideration is the volume of surgical procedures, which actually determines the cost while maintaining profitability of surgical centers. So that average costs of LASIK in 2009 are slightly higher than that in 2008, because more people have backed off from generous expenses.
Average prices of different LASIK procedures
A survey of refractive surgeons conducted in the first quarter of 2009 provides overall figures of average LASIK prices. A single laser-based vision correction procedure costs $2,140 and the average cost of non-customized bladed LASIK is about $1,748. Combined with laser-created flap, wavefront-guided LASIK in average charges $2,314. Customers should also pay attention to extra costs of LASIK. Visual conditions of patients are always different from one to one, and most patients are not eligible for LASIK at a low price. Furthermore, patients should also be quite aware of bargain prices from certain centers and surgeons. With much lower prices, patients may get fewer services. It is quite necessary to work out what detailed services are included in the advertised prices.
The reason for the increase in LASIK prices
In fact, the decisive factor of the price increase in recent years is the application of new technologies used in LASIK. As mentioned before, wavefront and laser-flap LASIKs are much more expensive than conventional ones. In accordance to many surgeons, these higher prices are quite reasonable since new technologies bring better visual effects and fewer complications. Most eye centers charge an extra between $350 and $500 for wavefront analysis during LASIK.
The prices of other laser eye surgeries
Besides LASIK, there are other refractive surgeries. The cost of Conductive Keratoplasty (CK) varies from $1,500 to $2,900 and Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE) costs from $2,500 to $4,500 per eye. PRK, Epi-LASIK and LASEK charge prices at nearly the same level as LASIK.
What determine surgery price
There are various factors that play a role in the varying prices of different refractive surgeries. Preoperative tests, equipment and technologies all affect the price of a procedure. The cost of a refractive surgery contains many items, including device purchase or lease and maintenance costs, the eye royalty fee to the excimer laser manufacturer, additional charge for a customized procedure, and the cost of sterile devices, e.g. gowns, masks and gloves. Other expenses of a LASIK include staff salaries, office benefits, rent and office administration and others.
Who may help in paying surgical expense?
Before receiving a refractive surgery, patients should ask the surgeon some problems, e.g. covered services, complication treatments, costs of prescription medications and follow-up visit fees. Unfortunately, refractive surgeries are always excluded from most vision insurance plans. Besides potential benefits from their employers, patients may also get the most affordable financing. Most LASIK surgeons have cooperation with certain financing companies. It's better to choose the best surgeon, rather than the lowest price. In addition, companies including Microsoft also offer subsidized health plans to cover part of LASIK costs.


text:
29 April 1994
On 29 April 1994, the Director of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Prof. Francisco Sanchez and the Director General of ESA, Mr. Jean-Marie Luton, signed an agreement on the installation of an Optical Ground Station at the Teide. The main purpose of this ground station is to receive laseroptical signals from ESA's ARTEMIS satellite, to be launched in 1997.
Note to editors :
Laser-optical Communications in Space : a Telescope on the Canary Islands to Receive Laser Signals from ESA's ARTEMIS Satellite ESA is pushing ahead with very advanced technology to transmit data directly from one satellite to another. Optical communications are a well-established technology on the ground, but ESA is now developing space optical communications using lasers. The first ever demonstration of such a link will take place in 1997.
The setting-up of an Optical Ground Station at the IAC Teide Observatory on Tenerife, Canary Islands, to receive laser signals from ESA's ARTEMIS satellite is part of this effort. A one-metre telescope is the heart of this ground station. The Tenerife site chosen for the deployment of the telescope is at 2400 metres altitude. Observations are almost entirely undisturbed by stray light and the site is particularly well suited to simulate and test laser optical communications with a satellite in geostationary orbit.
The terms of agreement allow the IAC, in exchange for making the site and its infrastructure available to ESA, parttime use of the telescope for astrophysical research. Following comprehensive testing, the Optical Ground Station will be installed on Tenerife in the second half of 1995, awaiting the launch of ESA's telecommunications satellite ARTEMIS and comprehensive tests with its SILEX laser-optical payload.
ARTEMIS is an advanced satellite for testing and operating new telecommunications techniques and services. The SILEX optical terminal carried by ARTEMIS will enable it to exchange data with other satellites, by sending or receiving laser beams.
The first satellite to make use of ARTEMIS laser communications capabilities will be the French SPOT-4 Earth observation satellite to be launched in early 1997. The initial data rate of SILEX for the transmission of remote sensing data is 50 Mbit per sec.
Note New artist's impressions of ARTEMIS and SILEX are available on request from ESA Public Relations in Paris.


text:
Longstreet Highroad Guide to the North Georgia Mountains
The Chickamauga Valley lies between the Cumberland Plateau's Lookout Mountain to the west and the Armuchee Ridges to the east. Where it divides the "thumb" of Pigeon Mountain from Lookout Mountain is the famed McLemore Cove. The Chickamauga Valley forms a natural passageway between the high ridges on either side. Because it gives access to both Chattanooga and the Tennessee River and contains a few low ridges, it was the site of much movement and conflict during the Civil War.
The Chickamauga Valley is not just one valley but a series of northeast-southwest trending valleys with limestone floors and ridges some 200 to 300 feet high, capped with more weather-resistant rock. Down through these valleys and across the ridges between Chattanooga and Atlanta, Union army forces under General William Sherman pursued Confederate troops during the fighting which led to the Battle of Atlanta near the end of the Civil War. Visitors to the military parks at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and Orchard Knob, as well as other areas such as the lovely and serene McLemore Cove, will come away with a clearer understanding of how the natural geology of the region has helped shape recent human history.
From the Chickamauga Valley, especially GA 337, one can reach a variety of natural features lying at the base of the Pigeon Mountain escarpment. These include giant, dry, forest sinkholes; Blue Hole; and the entrances to the enchanting Dickson and McWhorter gulfs, deeply eroded into Pigeon Mountain's east wall.
[Fig. 5(13)] A postcard-pretty valley nestled in the V formed by Lookout Mountain and Pigeon Mountain, the McLemore Cove Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The steep limestone and sandstone walls of the mountains form a dramatic backdrop for a scenic drive through the cove. The area is almost exclusively agricultural, with small dairy farms taking up most of the land. At the southwest end of the cove is a portion of the picturesque 11,500-acre Mountain Cove Farm. Red cedars which thrive on the limestone soil here are profuse throughout the cove, particularly along West Cove Road, as indicated by the names of the natural features and landmarks: Cedar Grove Creek, Cedar Grove community, and Cedar Grove Church and Cemetery. Perhaps nowhere else in Georgia are so many cedars concentrated in such a small area.
The cove, which was named for Robert and John McLemore, sons of a white trader and a Cherokee mother, is just south of Chickamauga Battlefield. One of the Civil War battles took place at Davis Crossroads.
Near Cedar Grove Methodist Church, a large number of Union soldiers spent the night of September 17, 1863, immediately prior to the historic Battle of Chickamauga. Another antebellum structure is the 130-year-old, plantation-plain style farmhouse where the Hise family has lived for generations. It is located.5 mile south of Mt. Hermon Church on Hog Jowl Road. Most of the other old houses and buildings in the cove are not antebellum but date from the 1890s, when the railroad was built through the northern part of the cove.
This park is comprised of four separate battlefield sitesChickamauga, Point Park, Orchard Knob, and Missionary Ridge. The park became the first of four military parks established by Congress between 1890 and 1899, the others being Shiloh, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg.
CHICKAMAUGA. [Fig. 5(7)] The Civil War battle of Chickamauga, in the northwest corner of Georgia, was the first of a series of decisive battles that culminated in the fall of Atlanta and brought the Civil War to a close. A Union force of about 58,000 men and a Confederate force of about 66,000 men clashed on the battlefield at Chickamauga September 1920, 1863. The result, after 34,000 casualties (3,969 dead), was that the Union army retreated north to Chattanooga, then a town of about 2,500 people, and the Southern forces occupied Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, which bordered the town. Troops from 29 of the 33 states east of the Rockies engaged in the campaign; four states had troops on both sides.
The Chickamauga Battlefield visitor center has an excellent small museum containing artifacts related to the Civil War. It also houses the Fuller Gun Collection, which consists of 355 weapons dating from the Revolutionary War period through World War II. A 26-minute, multimedia show is presented daily. Books on Civil War history and four rental audiocassettes are available.
The major points of interest on the Chickamauga Battlefield, which when the battle was fought consisted of small fields, dense woods, and thick underbrush, can be reached by following a 7-mile driving tour. Monuments and markers along the road indicate the locations of units and batteries engaged in the battle.
Chickamauga contains remarkable natural environments. In the eastern portion is Georgia's best example of the remarkable cedar glades, where red cedars dominate an open forest community. The thin soil over a limestone outcrop supports rare and unique prairie plants, some found nowhere else in the state. There are late-summer displays of showy coneflowers and black-eyed susans. The only year-round stream, Cave Springs Creek, has rich aquatic fauna; large shell-bark hickories grow along it. Two quarry ponds lie just east of US 27 near its junction with Viniard Road. Several limesinks, or sagponds, occur. The most historic is Bloody Pond, near the southwestern corner of the park. The largest and most interesting limesink is just north of Alexander's Bridge over Chickamauga Creek in the southeast corner of the park. It contains huge, 36-inch-diameter willow oaks buttressed at the base. Staff is not available to assist in nature tours.
POINT PARK. [Fig. 5(3)] Point Park, although located in the Cumberland Plateau, is more conveniently discussed here, in the Chickamauga Valley section. After the Battle of Chickamauga, the Union army retreated to Chattanooga, and the Confederate army reformed battle lines around the city with the intention of starving and freezing the Union troops into submission. Point Park, strategically positioned on top of Lookout Mountain, was the location of one of those battle lines. The dominance of the location over the city below cannot be fully grasped until one stands on the edge of Point Park and looks down on Chattanooga.
A visit to this park is an opportunity to visualize the grand strategy of a major Civil War battle. During the Battle of Lookout Mountain, termed the "Battle Above the Clouds" because during the fighting a band of mist and fog hung around the middle of the mountain, the Union army drove the Confederates from their position and effectively gained control of the city.
Point Park is on the northeastern tip of Lookout Mountain. The welcome center contains a fine 13-foot-by-30-foot mural painted by James Walker, an eyewitness to the battle. A tape recording provides a narrative that describes the scene and effectively draws the visitor into the action. The small Ochs Museum in the park has an observation deck which affords a commanding view of the area.
ORCHARD KNOB. [Fig. 5(4)] This hill in front of Missionary Ridge was initially the forward position of the Confederate defense line. It was taken by Union forces, and from here General Ulysses Grant commanded the assault on Missionary Ridge. On November 25, 1863, six cannon shot from this hill signaled the beginning of the battle for the ridge. Visitors will find a half dozen state monuments and a number of cannon, but the real reason to visit Orchard Knob is the geographical perspective it gives to the fighting between Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.
MISSIONARY RIDGE. [Fig. 5(5)] Missionary Ridge was occupied by the Confederate forces after the Battle of Chickamauga and was part of the battle line around Chattanooga. During the battle for the city, Union troops attacked and captured the ridge. Along the ridge are remarkable views of Orchard Knob, Chattanooga, and Lookout Mountain. Markers, plaques, and gun positions give details of troop positions and describe the action in which various units participated. The historical markers are dispersed among elegant houses.
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text:
Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry
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Other Available Formats: Hardcover
The book begins with basics of synthetic aperture radar to provide the basis for understanding how polarimetric SAR images are formed and gives an introduction to the fundamentals of radar polarimetry. It goes on to discuss more advanced polarimetric concepts that allow one to infer more information about the terrain being imaged. In order to analyze data quantitatively, the signals must be calibrated carefully, which the book addresses in a chapter summarizing the basic calibration algorithms. The book concludes with examples of applying polarimetric analysis to scattering from rough surfaces, to infer soil moisture from radar signals.


text:
What the effects of the privatisation of agriculture in Russia and China in the 1980s and 1990s?
The privatisation of agriculture in Russia started on 1989 – 1990 when Gorbachev changed the Soviet legislation about the non-government enterprises. So the agricultural program reform allowed the creation of non-government corporations of agricultural products. This, has helped the movement from corporate farms to individual farms. The number of peasant farms has been increased quickly to 270.000 in 1994 and became steady, about 280.000 or less in 1995. The number of the peasant farms was not the expected one by the government. Also, when the reform began the productivity and the efficiency have declined. As far as the privatisation of agriculture in China, this issue was part of the general Chinese economic reform which was implemented from Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping, decentralised the agriculture and gave strong attention to the household – responsibility system (HRS) which separated the common lands to private. This action gave a strong push up to China's economy increasing the agricultural production and performance. The prices of agricultural products had increased and as a result of this, the quality of living standards in China has enhanced and afterwards the rural industry had improved.
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As far as the search strategy I followed for this particular topic, I have to mention some deductions. As the topic is not familiar to my knowledge, I did not know in which sources I had to search. So, I typed the whole question on the University's library search machine with the purpose to find several references and get an idea for what I was looking for. The next step was to identify the key words of the question and try to continue my search using them. The key words I used are "Agriculture in Russia", "Agriculture in China", "Land reform in Russia", "Land reform in China", "China's agricultural privatisation programme", "Russia's agricultural privatisation programme", "impact of agriculture privatisation in China", "impact of agriculture privatisation in Russia". Unfortunately, I was not able to find a proper database which includes agricultural topics, as the particular question is social – economic topic. To accomplish my search I used one of the biggest search machines, the Google. Moreover, I used the Google Scholar, which provides very useful information about everything. Thus I searched in journals, articles, PhDs thesis (but I could not find a suitable one) and educational reports from universities.
The use of carbenes to make catalysts
The use of carbenes to make catalysts is quite new in chemistry sector. Because of Carbenes are consisted of non-common carbon atoms which are usually unbalanced in nature, attaching metals to create metal complexes and finally work as very important catalysts. The majority of scientists did not believe that it would ever be possible the construction of a particular kind of Carbenes. This certain kind of carbenes is called "abnormal N-Heterocyclic carbenes", they developed in laboratory and they are used to make catalysts. Obviously they have given great opportunities for further development in many sectors of industry, especially in pharmaceutical industry. The chemist from the University of California, Riverside, Professor Guy Bertrand accomplished to separate and create aNCHs which are metal-free and chemists can use them to make every desired complex. The synthesis of a completely different class of metal-free aNHCs can drive to new roads the area of expertise of catalysis. It can give also great prospect of innovation in drug research and manufacture as catalytic procedures can facilitate to keep costs under control. This discovery can be really helpful and contribute to solve a great variety of drawbacks as the interest about this is continuously increased as it is very friendly to environment. Another advantage of abnormal N-Heterocyclic carbenes is that they function as organometallic catalysts which enhance their eco-friendly ability.
As far as the strategy I followed for this topic, I came into conclusion about some things. Again this particular topic was completely out of my knowledge, so I had first to identify what exactly are carbenes and what is catalyst. After a general search in the library and google, I tried to focus on key words, like "carbenes", "catalyst". As long as I knew that the topic is about chemistry, my direction on the research led me to find journals and resources about chemistry. After finding some references from journals, I tried to search on PhD Thesis but I was not able to discover an appropriate PhD thesis which declares the carbenes and their usage on making catalysts. A very interesting thing is that during my research I recognized that catalysts are made of a particular type of carbenes which is artificial. The strengths of my research strategy are that it was feasible to find an acceptable variety of references to support my answer, as well as to make clear the definition of carbenes and their implementation. On the other hand the weaknesses of my research strategy were that obviously I could not discover a proper PhD Thesis in order to go deeper on my investigation. The reference which supports and describe in the best way my answer is "Nicolas Marion, S.D.-G.D., Stevenâ€…P. Nolan Prof.â€…Dr. (2007) 'N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organocatalysts'. Angewandte Chemie."
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Constructing flexible antenna by injecting liquid metal into elastomeric microchannels
The use of antennas is widespread with many implementations. The traditional antennas are made up from metal, especially copper. This means that antennas are too strong, even though they can break down easily. Because of the wide application antennas have, from medical to technical and military sector, users encountered a lot of problems, most significant problem was the antenna's limitation on how far they could get curved. Thus, scientists made it possible to construct flexible antennas from liquid metal in order to overcome this limitation. They accomplished their goal injecting liquid metal into elastomeric microchannels. The liquid metal they used is EGaIn which is consisted of 75% eutectic gallium and 25% indium. So, inserting liquid metal into a layer of microchannels in an elastomeric surface it is a very simple way to construct radiating frameworks. In contrast to traditional antennas, made up from stiff metal which is not flexible, the new type of them, uses the mechanical attributes of the enclosed material and also can be flexible and strong. This flexible antenna can be used in many existing applications such as cell phones or other electronic devices but also can be used in other type of applications such as textiles. Flexible antennas can be stretched without losing of their efficiency or attributes as they have the ability to tolerate any kind of effort upon them. Moreover, the ability of liquid metal to mix up with other metals, could help the straight electrical connection and integration of antennas into surfaces with electronic parts.
As far as the search strategy I followed, I have to mention some inferences. The topic was completely unknown for me, although I understood that it is an engineering topic, so I had to focus my research on engineering sources. The key words I used are "flexible", "antenna", "liquid", "metal", "elastomeric" and "microchannel". At first, I used them altogether as I wanted to understand what exactly is the topic. Afterwards, I used them separately or in combination. One interesting thing is that some references from google patent, which were too useful to understand the concept of flexible antenna invention. Furthermore, I found a lot of mechanical and engineering journals which depict very clearly the implementation and the construction of flexible antenna. An important problem I faced on the beginning it was that I found the same paper in many different sources and I had to dig more in the internet. The most appropriate reference I used for answering this particular topic is " Gerard J. Hayes, J.-H.S., Amit Qusba, Michael D. Dickey, Gianluca Lazzi (2012) 'Flexible Liquid Metal Alloy (EGlan) Microstrip Patch Antenna'. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation."


TOC(depth=2, manual, tcpreplay, tcpliveplay, tcpprep, tcprewrite, tcpbridge, tcpcapinfo, flowreplay, commonargs, usage, FAQ)?
tcpreplay has evolved quite a bit over the years. In the 1.x days, it merely read packets and sent then back on the wire. In 2.x, tcpreplay was enhanced significantly to add various rewriting functionality but at the cost of complexity, performance and bloat. Now in 3.x, tcpreplay has returned to its roots to be a lean packet sending machine and the editing functions have moved to tcprewrite and a powerful tcpreplay-edit which combines the two.
Basic Usage
To replay a given pcap as it was captured all you need to do is specify the pcap file and the interface to send the traffic out interface 'eth0':
# tcpreplay --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
Replaying at different speeds
You can also replay the traffic at different speeds then it was originally captured. Some examples:
To replay traffic as quickly as possible:
# tcpreplay --topspeed --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay traffic at a rate of 10Mbps:
# tcpreplay --mbps=10.0 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay traffic 7.3 times as fast as it was captured:
# tcpreplay --multiplier=7.3 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay traffic at half-speed:
# tcpreplay --multiplier=0.5 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay at 25 packets per second:
# tcpreplay --pps=25 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay packets, one at a time while decoding it (useful for debugging purposes):
# tcpreplay --oneatatime --verbose --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
Replaying files multiple times
Using the loop flag you can specify that a pcap file will be sent two or more times:
To replay the sample.pcap file 10 times:
# tcpreplay --loop=10 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
To replay the sample.pcap forever or until CTRL-C is pressed:
# tcpreplay --loop=0 --intf1=eth0 sample.pcap
If the pcap file(s) you are looping are small enough to fit in available RAM, consider using the --enable-file-cache option. This option caches each packet in RAM so that subsequent reads don't have to hit the slower disk. It does have a slight performance hit for the first iteration of the loop since it has to call malloc() for each packet, but after that it seems to improve performance by around 5-10%. Of course if you don't have enough free RAM, then this will cause your system to swap which will dramatically decrease performance.
Another useful option is --quiet. This suppresses printing out to the screen each time tcpreplay starts a new iteration. This can have a dramatic performance boost for systems with slower consoles.
Advanced Usage
Splitting Traffic Between Two Interfaces
By utilizing tcpprep cache files, tcpreplay can split traffic between two interfaces. This allows tcpreplay to send traffic through a device and emulate both client and server sides of the connection, thereby maintaining state. Using a tcpprep cache file to split traffic between two interfaces (eth0 & eth1) with tcpreplay is simple:
# tcpreplay --cachefile=sample.prep --intf1=eth0 --intf2=eth1 sample.pcap
Alternatively, if you have already split your traffic into two filesas in the case of capturing traffic using a network tap, then tcpreplay can read two files at the same time, one for each interface:
# tcpreplay --dualfile --intf1=eth0 --intf2=eth1 side-a.pcap side-b.pcap
Viewing Packets as They are Sent
The --verbose flag turns on basic tcpdump decoding of packets. If you would like to alter the way tcpreplay invokes tcpdump to decode packets, then you can use the --decode flag. Note: Use of the --verbose flag is not recommended when performance is important. Please see the tcpdump(1) man page for options to pass to the --decode flag.
Editing Packets
tcpreplay now comes in two flavors: tcpreplay and tcpreplay-edit. The only difference between the two is that tcpreplay-edit embeds all the packet editing functionality found in tcprewrite. This is nice because you can edit and send all in one step, but it does have a performance hit.
Choosing a Timing Method
tcpreplay as of v3.3.0 now supports multiple methods for creating delays between two packets.
First a refresher:
 - There are 1,000 milliseconds (msec) in 1 second
 - There are 1,000,000 microseconds (usec) in 1 second
 - There are 1,000,000,000 nanoseconds (nsec) in 1 second
And a little math:
Let's say you want to send 125,000 packets/sec (pps). That means you need to send a packet on average every 8usec. That's doable on most hardware assuming you can find a timing method with 1usec accuracy. The problem gets a lot more difficult when you want to send at 130,000 ppsnow you need 7.7usec delay, requiring.1usec accuracy! That's a 10x increase in accuracy for a small change in performance. Most timing methods on general purpose hardware/software can't do that.
So what are the expected accuracies of each timing method?
 - nanosleep() - Theoretically 1nsec accuracy, but is probably closer to 1usec. Can be off by up to +/- 10msec depending on the operating system.
 - gettimeofday() - 1usec accuracy at best
 - OS X's AbsoluteTime() - 1nsec accuracy
 - select() - Theoretically 1usec accuracy, but tends to be off by +/- 10msec
 - IO Port 80 - 1usec accuracy, but can cause system crashes with certain versions of hardware/OS's
 - Intel/AMD/SPARC RDTSC - Theoretically better then 1usec accurate, but many recent multi-core Intel CPU's are horribly inaccurate and unusable
 - Intel HPET - A 10Mhz timer giving.1usec accuracy
As you see above, only AbsoluteTime and the HPET provide the necessary resolution to hit our 130,000pps mark. Hence, if you're using one of the other methods, I'll use weighted averages or rounding to provide better accuracy. What that means is, when each packet is being sent at a constant rate (packets/sec) I'll sleep 8usec 7 times, and then 7usec 3 times to average out to the necessary 7.7usec. If you're using a variable timing method (Mbps or multiplier) then I'll round to the nearest 1usec (8usec in this case of 7.7usec)- the hope is that over many packets, it will average out correctly.
So what does this all mean? Well, if you're running OS X, then using --timer=abstime is the clear winner. After that it gets more complicated. AbsoluteTime is currently the only timing method which doesn't need weighted averages or rounding.
First, tcpreplay currently doesn't have native support for the Intel HPET. The good news is that some operating systems (like recent Linux kernels) use the HPET for calls to gettimeofday(). So while you loose some accuracy (gettimeofday() is accurate to 1usec no matter what the underlying implementation looks like), it's probably the best option for non-OS X users. If your gettimeofday() isn't backed by the HPET, you can still use it, just realize it might be a bit unreliable. Even if your gettimeofday() uses the HPET, you still only get 1usec accuracy, so part about using weighted averages and rounding still applies. Specify --timer=gtod to use gettimeofday()
Some implimentations of nanosleep() are good, others are horribleit even may depend on how long you're sleeping for since the implementation might switch between going to sleep (bad) or using a tight loop (good). Generally speaking it's worth trying: --timer=nano
Using the RDTSC via --timer=rdtsc. This tends to work great on some hardware and is completely worthless for others. I've got an Intel P4 3.2Ghz box which it works great on, but my Core2Duo MacBook Pro is really bad. If you don't specify a --rdtsc-clicks value, tcpreplay will introduce a short delay on startup in order to calculate this value. If your hardware has a properly working RDTSC it's usually the speed of the processor (expressed in Mhz, so a 3.2Ghz CPU == --rdtsc-clicks=3200) or a fraction thereof.
IO Port 80
I don't have much experience with this, so give it a try and let me know what you find: --timer=ioport
This is crap for 99% of the situations


text:
Life cycles back to nature carpet
Colourful, clear graphics showing four examples of typical life cycles including birds, frogs, trees and butterflies.
- Linked to the UK National Curriculum, each sector is an excellent starting point for group discussion and learning.
- Ideal for group floor reading activities and play.
- Carpet features: Distinctive and brightly coloured, child friendly designs.
- Designed to encourage learning through interaction and play.
- Crease resistant with unique Rhombus™ anti-skid Dura-Latex™ safety backing.
- Abrasion resistant, laboratory rub tested to heavy duty standards.
- Tightly bound edges to prevent fraying. Nylon twist soft textured finish.
- Meets all relevant safety standards.
- Depth: Heavy Duty Tuf-Pile™ - A substantial premium quality carpet, with an extra thick pile, soft textured tufted Nylon twist pile for comfort and longevity.
- Recommended for classrooms and soft reading/play areas
- Size W X D
- 2000 x 2000mm circular


text:
This article or section needs more/new/more-detailed sources to conform to a higher standard and to provide proof for claims made.
This article or section needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of article quality.
The Elf-friends were those, usually among Men, who were recognised by the Elves as providing special aid or alliance to their efforts. The Quenya terms were technically Eldandil ("Devoted to the Eldar"), or Quendil ("Devoted to the Quendi") or Elesser.
Among the Edain and Dúnedain, the Elvish words for "Elf" and "star" were often confused, since they sounded similar. Thus Elendil or Elvellon was used by them to mean "Elf-friend", though it actually signifies "Devoted to the Stars".
The concept of the "Elf-friend" is recurrent in Tolkien's legendarium, both in meaning and in name. The name Ælfwine/Elfwine is an actual Old English personal name that means "Elf-friend" and has survived in modern times as Alboin or Alwin/Elwin. This word has been the basis for several characters and terms:
- Elfwine son of Éomer
- Ælfwine of England (also known as Eriol)
- Alwin Lowdham


Everything You Need to Know About Fulbright Creative and Performing Arts Awards
Jun 29, 2017 • Views -
When applying for a Fulbright U.S. Student Award for Study/Research, it can be difficult to determine if your proposal is an "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" project. While there are many similarities between academic and arts-related awards, there are several key differences that make it critical to understand which category your proposed project best fits. Fulbright Program staff recently recorded a webinar to help explain some commonly misunderstood aspects of the Creative and Performing Arts application process. Here are some of the top questions asked by applicants and their answers. Visit the Fulbright Webinar page to access the full recorded seminar on the 2018-19 Arts Awards.
1. How do I know if I should apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate?
When determining whether your project proposal is academic or artistic in nature, you should ask yourself whether or not the project hinges on your artistic abilities and background. Arts-related projects should develop your craft while interacting with a larger question. Academic projects can have artistic themes but don't necessary depend on your abilities as an artist. For example, if you propose an independent study project on murals in Mexico where you'd be analyzing pieces and writing about art theory/history, you would apply as an academic candidate. If you proposed this same project but focused on learning local techniques and incorporating new skills into your personal murals/paintings, you would apply as an arts candidate.
2. Are there any different application components needed if applying for an Arts award?
When applying for a U.S. Student Program Study/Research award, you will have the option to select either "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" as your award type. Creative and Performing Arts applicants are required to submit supplementary materials related to their field such as an artistic portfolio or previous work examples. Arts awards are accepted in the same countries and regions as academic study/research awards, although some countries haven't had as many arts applicants in the past.
3. Are arts-related Fulbright applications generally successful?
There is no definitive answer regarding the overall success rate of arts applications, although Fulbright has had a growing interest in supporting arts candidates. The number of arts applicants has decreased in the last few years. Even if a country hasn't supported any arts applicants in the past, it might not be because that country isn't interested in the arts; some countries might not have previously received strong arts applications.
 4. Are there any countries or regions that specifically need more arts-related candidates?
Yes! Many regions see a surplus of academic study/research applicants or English Teaching Assistant applicants. The East Asia/Pacific region is specifically looking for more arts-related study/research applicants.
5. If I'm applying for a Study/Research award for a graduate program abroad, how do I know if I might be considered an arts candidate?
Look at the materials that the university requires in your application. If you're applying for a graduate program that requires a portfolio or audition, then you should most likely apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate for your Fulbright Study/Research award.
6. Is creative writing a supported art form?
Yes, absolutely. A list of supported arts-related disciplines can be found on the Fulbright website.
7. What are the biggest mistakes that applicants make when applying for an arts award?
Fulbright sees two major flaws in many arts applications. The first is proposing to replicate the same projects or work that you're doing in the United States. For example, if an artist makes small pottery in the U.S. and proposes to make the exact same type of pottery in Morocco, Fulbright will want to see a greater challenge or transformational aspect to the proposal. Conversely, the other major flaw that Fulbright sees is related to feasibility. Many applicants propose projects that are completely different from their artistic backgrounds and fail to make strong cases about how they have sufficient training and experience to complete their projects. For example, Fulbright typically wouldn't find it feasible for an artist with a background in pottery to choreograph and direct a community dance showcase if the applicant has expressed no prior experience or training in dance or the performing arts. Fulbright is looking for applicants who have the solid foundation in their field needed to complete a project, but the intent to build upon their craft in a meaningful and logical way.
8. Can I apply to a country where I have limited language skills?
Every country has different language requirements. Some require fluency or intermediate skills while some countries have no language requirements. Even if a country has no formal language requirements, it's important for you to keep the feasibility of your project in mind. If you're doing a project where you need to interview many people, for example, you might need a more advanced set of language skills.
9. If I'm applying for the second time, am I obligated to provide new portfolio materials?
It depends on how your portfolio materials relate to the current project you're proposing. If you're applying for the second time, the committee might wonder about the projects that you've been working on in the year since you last applied. Strong applications show growth and development in artistic ability.
10. If I propose a project that affiliates with a specific university in a specific city, am I still able to explore my proposed topic in other regions of the host country?
While Fulbright wants you to have a "home base" within your proposed host country, most applicants travel within the country as needed to conduct other aspects of their projects. Fulbright wouldn't want you moving around every week, but in-country travel both related to your project and for cultural exchange purposes is highly encouraged.
Interested in applying? Bookmark the Fulbright U.S. Student Program for Study/Research to your ProFellow account.
Also see our articles on Fulbright Application Tips for more insights on developing a strong Fulbright application.
© Victoria Johnson 2017, all rights reserved.
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text:
Avery Coonley Gardens
The Coonley Estate was built by Frank Lloyd Wright and originally included the House, the Stable, The Gardener's Cottage and extensive gardens. Jens Jensen designed and implemented a landscape plan in 1913 for the property which utilized Wright's hardscape plan.
Today the landscape contains a number of oak trees predating the house and hawthorns planted by Jensen. The restored landscapes of the main part of the Coonley House and the Stable (Coach House) include Jensen's landmark features: hawthorns, oaks, red bud, sumac, blackberries and mature shrubs, flowers, ferns and grasses. A grove of birch trees and ferns has been recreated on the front grounds of the house.
The living room unit and its walled garden are the center of the house. The garden features a terrace with 10 planters, a pergola and a reflecting pool. Nasturtiums grow in the planters and native water lilies bloom in the pool in summer. Wright created a walled sunken garden to unify the Coonley House and the Stable.
The walled garden was restored in 2007. Wright's original sidewalk garden plan and concrete hotbeds were recovered by removal of extensive invasive species trees and shrubs, construction debris, and incorrect patio tile and dirt. The entire original sidewalk system was restored or, in places, recreated. Jensen's design for a pool with eight surrounding iris beds was implemented. Other beds in the sunken garden and the stable yard and front yard were planted with native plants.
The Prairie School represented here by both Wright and Jensen was an important part of the American Arts and Crafts movement of the early 20th Century.


text:
a better knowledge and understanding of the sick person. More often, a better relationship built on trust and genuine care. The social exchange theory in this case helps to create a framework that will help nurses to become the valuable teammates rather than just distant colleagues within the health care facilities.
Integrating the Application of the Borrowed Theory and the Middle Range Theory
The borrowed theory in this case helps to understand the situation. It is in order to find a possible solution. In the case of disconnection among nurses and other professionals in the health care organization, the identified problem is as follows. Other employees do not find many benefits in interacting with medical practitioners. Thus, a solution would be for nurses to offer their relationship with patients as an added advantage. It may give other employees within the facility an insight on how to deal with certain sick persons in complex situations (Alligood & Tomey, 2006). It will allow medical practitioners to actually be considered as worthy of creating and maintaining connections with. In the end, nurses will have an easier time interacting with the members from other professionals within the organization. The applicable middle range theory in this case has been the interpersonal relations theory. It encourages nurses to work with one another at a personal level just as if they work with their patients (Benner et al., 2002).
Considering other employees as human beings and making personal connections being of interest to them is a good way to reach out and build bridges that are currently nonexistent. In order to integrate the two theories into practice, there is a need to appreciate the scope and focus of each concept. The middle range theory focuses on the following issues. It includes the things what the nurse can do, the way how she/he should think about the whole situation, and what the medical practitioner needs to invest in order to build these connections with people from other professional units within the health care organization.


text:
Negotiating with Labor Under Financial Distress
We analyze how firms renegotiate labor contracts to extract concessions from labor. While anecdotal evidence suggests that firms tend to renegotiate down wages in times of financial distress, there is no empirical evidence that documents such renegotiation, its determinants, and its magnitude. This paper attempts to fill this gap. Using a unique data set of airlines that includes detailed information on wages and pension plans we document an empirical link between airline financial distress, pension underfunding, and wage concessions.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w17192
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


Quick Answer: What Is Difference Between Sum And SUMX?
How do you use PowerPivot?
First, import your dataset into your Power Pivot workbook.
Next, in the Power Pivot window on the Power Pivot Home tab, click PivotTable.
Next, select "New Worksheet" (Excel will add an empty PivotTable).
Then, select the empty PivotTable and follow the instructions detailed there..
What does running total mean in tableau?
Running Total is probably the most used Table Calculation in Tableau. It is used to calculate a cumulative total of a measure across a specific dimension or table structure.
What does running total of all grades mean?
RUNNING TOTAL ON If you choose to go with the Running Total turned on (click yes), then the Running Total option will require you to enter zeroes for all graded items that a student doesn't submit. If no zeros are entered then the total possible points will not be calculated properly.
How do you sum a power query?
Short AnswerWithin Power Query click Add Column -> Custom Column.In the Custom Column dialog box enter the following formula: =[Headcount] / List.Sum(#"Changed Type"[Headcount])Change the formula to fit your scenario: … Give the custom column a useful name, such as % of total, then click OK.More items…•Feb 8, 2020
Which language is used in power query?
What is a running total called?
What is a running total? A running total, or cumulative sum, is a sequence of partial sums of any given data set. A running total is used as a means of displaying the summation of the data as it grows over time.
Is Power Query free?
Power Query is an amazing data tool for Excel! … "Free" add-in for Excel 2010 and 2013 for Windows. Built-in feature for Excel 2016 for Windows (Office 365 Subscription). Click here to learn where to find it.
How do I sum multiple columns in power query?
There are two ways to achieve the same sum operation on multiple columns.Use DAX expression in a Calculated column.Use DAX expression in Measure column.Jun 18, 2020
How do you handle null values in power query?
Select the cell value you want to change(select null in this case) in Query Editor. 2. Click "Replace Values" option under Home tab. Then you should be able to change null to "Unspecified" like below.
How do you Aggry a power query?
Select Home > Group by. In the Group by dialog box, select Advanced to select more than one column to group by. Add a column to aggregate by selecting Add aggregation at the bottom of the dialog box.
How is Cumsum calculated?
And you want to calculate the cumulative sum of the revenue for each customer. This is pretty simple. You can use Group By command to group the data by customer id. Then, select 'Create Window Calculations' -> Cumulative -> Sum (Total) from the column header menu of the 'revenue' column.
What is SUMX?
The SUMX function takes as its first argument a table, or an expression that returns a table. The second argument is a column that contains the numbers you want to sum, or an expression that evaluates to a column. Only the numbers in the column are counted. Blanks, logical values, and text are ignored.