I have a 1976 Triumph Bonneville and recently replaced the garbage LED chips inside the eBay signal lights with brighter Cree LED chips. I bench tested the circuit shown below with a 12v bench supply and everything worked perfectly. I also tested it with the motorcycle battery with the same success. However, once I began installing the system and testing it on the motorbike as I went along, I've been burning out LED's (they only glow dimly when fried). I want to know what I am doing to be frying these things left right and center!
I will mention that the bike is positive ground. This means the LED lighting circuit cannot ground to the frame and must have it's own closed circuit directly to the battery. Occasionally when wiring I'll have the battery connected and one of these negative return wired will spark off the bike (potential culprit?). What do you guys think is killing the lights?
I've already come up with some potential solutions:
 1. Adding protection diodes in the reverse direction parallel to the led's (prevent reverse current)
 2. Make absolutely sure the wire attaching to the chips are insulated from the metal lamp housing.
 3. Add a tiny fuse to each leg of the circuit.
Here's the wiring diagram:signal lighting
Thank so much everyone!
 - Have you measured the voltage across and the current through the LEDs? – Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams Jul 26 '16 at 17:13
 - How about connecting the battery ground to the frame?. Quick Edit : Don't. – ammar.cma Jul 26 '16 at 17:15
 - What specific cree led did you use (link to data sheet and not some ebay site)? How many in parallel? – Andy aka Jul 26 '16 at 17:19
 - _USER_ _URL_-Components-and-Modules/Products/XLamp/… 2 per leg in parallel. – kyle_engineer Jul 26 '16 at 17:50
 - _USER_, how did you know? – dlu Jul 26 '16 at 18:01
Did you factor in the resistance supplied by the fuse? Fuses will add resistance (of some level or another) and smaller fuses (smaller conductors) will supply more resistance.
But, as noted in the comments, check the voltages at various points (before and after each element).
Also, where is the fuse on your diagram?
Yes. LEDs are generally very sensitive to voltage/amperage flux and shorting while doing wiring could definitely do that.
As a slightly less important point, why can't you draw the positive (+) from the frame and the negative (-) from the power circuits?
In addition, as dlu mentioned, you will be pulling more than 12VDC if you tap the battery directly, or are otherwise not going through a voltage regulator (VR)... So if you are doing a straight battery pull, you need a VR.
 - The resistance of the fuse should help, no? I'm thinking that it would increase the series resistance to the LEDs and reduce the likelihood of burning them out. – dlu Jul 26 '16 at 18:00
 - Not necessarily. I haven't done much work with LED in cars, but I have handled a TON for custom interior lighting applications. It's been my experience that LEDs only perform correctly under specific ranges, and that under powering them will also cause accelerated burn-out. – kyle_engineer Jul 26 '16 at 18:04
 - Interesting. Guess it would good to go looking and see if Cree has an application note. – dlu Jul 26 '16 at 18:06
 - From an LED physics point of view, underpowering can't shorten the life of the LED itself. However it coudl easily shorten the life of an LED module. When working with LEDs for automotive application, you shoudl calculate the resistance required based on the maximum charging voltage rounded up (so call it 15V). But even this doesn't protect against spikes, which maybe the issue. – Chris H Jul 27 '16 at 10:50
 - I think you're right about the voltage regulator. The problem I think is that I may have sparked while bench testing (killing 2 chips) and the other being that I ran the circuit with only one led connected. Speaking of which, if I did only power one led off the circuit, would I have a larger voltage being dropped across the led causing it to fail? – Pipi Pipongo Jul 27 '16 at 22:58
There are two things here that sound like possible culprits:
 1. When the bike is running the voltage seen by the LEDs will be the output of the alternator or generator, which will be around 14.2 V, depending on the LED you're using that might be enough to cause problems.
 2. The sparks. They are not a good thing. They imply that there was a sudden rush of current. Off hand I wouldn't expect much current to be drawn by the LEDs in their correct configuration, so I'm not sure if you would see a spark in normal circumstances (if the circuit had enough resistance to limit the current to the LED's spec).
It sounds like what you are trying to do it to upgrade the LEDs in an already working circuit. In that case it would be good to look at what you had and what you're doing with an eye to what is different. It would be good to understand why any changes were made – or at the very least to know what the changes are and be able to ask about them.
I'm curious about the positive ground. I can't see any theoretical problem with running a separate ground for the turn signals back to the battery, but it seems like it adds a complication and may lead to confusion down the road. Couldn't use modify the circuit to accommodate the positive return and do your switching on the negative side? It seems like that would avoid possible problems with the return path and the confusion of having two different wiring conventions on the bike.
Looking at the data sheet for the Cree XPG2 I see that reverse voltage spec is only 5 V. That makes me think that it would be pretty easy to fry one of these if you hook it up backwards even for a second. So be very careful of that, both as you work and in your circuit design.
 - If his 1976 has a similar alternator to the Lucas RM21 in my 1973 Norton he's probably not getting 14.2 Volts until 2 or 3000 rpm with the lights off and higher and higher with the lights on. – Eric Sep 18 '16 at 0:07
The calculations I have done show that you will only be driving 0.5 amp through the LEDs when the supply is at 14 volts, so you should be ok, since they can take 1.5 amps.
Touching the negative wire against the chassis will be shorting the battery, and so bypassing the LEDs, so they shouldn't be damaged.
The only thing I can think of is that you haven't got a sufficient heat sink. These LEDs rely on the surface that they are soldered to to keep them cool. Have they got sufficient cooling? If not they will quickly get hot and become damaged.
Possibly on the bench running off a battery at 12volts, the lower current will stop them getting hot enough to damage them.
 - The led chips are soldered to a small 20mm heat sink. I tried to design the circuit so that each would be dissipating about 1W. The other thing I realized is I turned the circuit on when there was only one LED connected. Because that single led would draw less current than 2 (normal turnsignal operation) or four (4 way on), I figured that you would have a much larger drop across the chip than the maximum 3-ish volts. I am only using resistors, not a voltage regulatorso when I change the number of led's connected, I change the forward voltage drop across them...right? – Pipi Pipongo Jul 27 '16 at 22:51
Could the diodes in the rectifier be leaking voltage in the reverse direction? I could see that causing your problem but the battery wouldn't charge very well. Do you have the original Lucas rectifier?
Your Answer


text:
The answer depends on the infrastructure that you are using. Generally, the best thing is to do nothing. I know this sounds weird, so let me explain. When the OS is talking to a NIC, it generally has at least one pair of RX/TX ring-buffers and, in case of commodity hardware, is likely talking to the device over PCIe bus. On top of the PCIe bus there is a DMA engine that makes it possible for a NIC to read and write from/to host memory without using a CPU. In other words, while the NIC is active, it will always read and write packets on its own, with minimal CPU intervention. There are, of course, a lot of details, but you can generally think that on a driver-level that is what is going on — reads and writes are always performed by the NIC using DMA, no matter whether your application reads/writes anything or not. Now, on top of it there is an OS infrastructure that allows user-space applications to send and receive data to/from the NIC. When you open a socket, OS will determine in what kind of data your application is interested and add an entry into a list of applications talking to a network interface. When that happens, the application starts receiving data that is placed in some sort of application's queue in the kernel. It doesn't matter whether you are calling read or not, the data is placed there. Once the data is placed, the application is getting notified. The notification mechanisms in the kernel vary, but they all share a similar ideas — let application know that data is available to call
read(). Once the data is in that "queue", application can pick it up by calling
read(). The difference between blocking and non-blocking read is simple — if the read is blocking, the kernel will simply suspend the execution of an application until the data is arrived. In case of non-blocking read, the control is returned to an application in any case — either with data or without it. If latter happens, the application can either keep trying (aka spin on a socket), or wait for a notification from the kernel saying that data is available, and then proceed to reading it. Now let's get back to "doing nothing". What it means is that socket is registered to receive notification only once. Once registered, the application doesn't have to do anything but receive a notification saying "the data is there". So what the application should do is listen to that notification and perform the read only when the data is there. Once enough data is received, the app can start processing it somehow. Knowing all that, let's see what from the three approaches is better...
Post another overlapped read on the socket, this time with the size of the packet so it receives it in the next completion?
This is a a good approach. Ideally, you wouldn't have to "post" anything, but this depends on how good the OS interface is. If you cannot "register" your application once and then keep receiving notifications every time new data is available and call read() when it is, then posting an asynchronous read request is the next best thing.
Read inside the routine the whole packet using blocking sockets and then post another overlapped with recv with 9 bytes?
This is a good approach if your application has absolutely nothing else to do and you have only one socket to read from. In other words — it is an easy way of doing so, very easy to program, OS takes care of completions itself, etc. Keep in mind though that once you have more than one socket to read from, you will have to either do a very stupid thing like having a thread per socket (terrible!), or re-write your application using the first approach.
Read in chunks (decide the size) say - 4096 and have a counter to keep reading each overlapped completion until the data was read (say it would complete 12 times till all the packet was read).
This is the way to go! In fact, this is almost the same as approach #1 with a nice optimization to perform as less round-trips to the kernel as possible, and read as much as possible in one go. First I wanted to correct the first approach with these details, but then I noticed you've done it yourself.
Hope it helps. Good Luck!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Global Leadership Activities – Pre-Program
Activity 6: Learning Service
How It Works
When traveling to other countries, we do not always realize our own personal development is connected with global development. Through this video, you will be introduced to the idea that you can responsibly "do good" in the world by learning before acting.
How You Do It
- After watching, think about the video's emphasis on the importance of learning from others, being open minded, and acting with intention while abroad.
- Reflect and write down your thoughts on the following questions:
- How do you think your personal development connected to global development?
- What goals do you have for personal and global development during your time abroad?
- What are some of the assumptions you might already be making about your host culture?
- What knowledge and skills do you think are necessary to learn before volunteering abroad?
Take Away Points
- Be ready to listen and learn during your time abroad.
- We should always be gathering knowledge and challenging assumptions.
- We must always be thinking about importance of our knowledge, skills, and attitudes when making a positive impact.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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NORFOLK — Babies and toddlers in Hampton Roads are healthier than those born 10 years ago, but the region still fares worse than the state in most categories - including the number of babies who die before reaching their first birthday.
Those were the results of a study released Tuesday by Square One, a regional initiative to improve the health of children up to age 5. The data aren't new, but Square One leaders want to give a big picture of the region's progress and talk about solutions that could improve that picture.
"Too many children in Hampton Roads are not getting a good start, which means they're in jeopardy of not succeeding throughout their lives," said Joseph Galano, an associate professor of psychology at the College of William and Mary who collected data for the report.
The Hampton Roads Partnership, an economicdevelopment coalition, is financing Square One to help children do better in school and future jobs.
Hampton Roads compares badly with the state on prenatal care, infant mortality, low-birth-weight babies and immunization rates. The study found that one in four children starts kindergarten without the skills to learn to read, such as vocabulary and the ability to identify sounds. That rate is about the same as the state's.
Hampton Roads also lags two other leading regions, Northern Virginia and Greater Richmond, in most categories. Galano said one likely factor was a lack of money for prevention programs such as parenting classes, which cover everything from nutrition to the importance of reading to toddlers.
Another factor is demographics, especially in comparison with Northern Virginia. Hampton Roads has a higher poverty rate and a more-mobile population, which means that more parents are isolated from their extended families and could be under greater stress. Poverty is a risk factor for health problems.
So what are some solutions?
Galano used Hampton as an example of what could happen with better efforts to prevent problems. Under the city's Healthy Families Partnership, for example, mothers get prenatal care and home visits from professionals that can last until the child goes to kindergarten.
Hampton still has a lot of work to do, Galano said, but the city's infant mortality rate has dropped nearly 50 percent during the report's time frame, which tracks data to 1991.
Cases of child abuse and neglect also fell faster than in the rest of the region, he said.
Hampton Roads needs to extend those kinds of programs to more parents, and politicians need to finance them, Galano said.
The state also needs to direct more resources to child care, said Keith Sykes, director of Square One. Virginia's child-care workers are the nation's lowest-paid, a study by Action Alliance for Virginia's Children and Youth found. The average pay is $6.22 an hour, and turnover is high.
Square One is supporting a program that gives child-care workers scholarship money in exchange for staying in the field for a certain number of years.
Other Square One efforts include putting up billboards on the importance of reading to children and starting a Web site - _URL_ - as a resource for people working in early child health and development.
"We have great challenges, but we also have great resources," Sykes said.
Hampton Roads did make some progress between 1991 and 1998, Galano's report said. The percentage of pregnant women getting early prenatal care rose from 75 percent to 81 percent. The infant mortality rate fell from 1.3 deaths in every 100 live births to about one death in every 100.
But more babies were born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces -Eputting them at risk for delayed physical and intellectual development. One reason for the increase might be a growing number of women who use fertility drugs, which increases the chance of multiple births, Galano said.
The latest research on the human brain indicates that the first years of life are more critical than scientists thought. Parents should read aloud to their children starting at 6 months, said John Simpson, superintendent of Norfolk public schools.
Also on Tuesday, the Mayors and Chairs Caucus of the Hampton Roads Partnership declared 2001 "The Year of the Young Child." Educational activities will promote healthy births and school readiness.
First-trimester prenatal care
Percent of pregnant women getting prenatal care
Percent of babies of low birth weight
Deaths per 1,000 children younger than 1 year old
Greater Richmond 1088
Percent of babies who had a good birth weight, scored well on a health checklist taken right after birth, have mothers who got early prenatal care and were carried to full term
Greater Richmond 70%70%69%
Percent of 2-year-olds with recommended immunizations
(The national target is 90%.)
Greater Richmond 66%
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Pediatric Research and Virginia Department of Health
* Overall trends in Hampton Roads, 1991-98
- Improved: prenatal care, infant mortality rate, healthy births
- Stayed about the same: reading readiness
- Worsened: low-birth-weight babies
* Hampton Roads vs.
- About the same: reading readiness
- Worse than state: prenatal care, low-birthweight babies, infant mortality rate, immunization, healthy births
Source: Square One. For more information on Square One, call _PHONE_.
Alison Freehling can be reached at _PHONE_ or by e-mail at _EMAIL_


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When evaluating China's cheap Cast Iron Block Bearings, it is essential to consider key features and specifications to ensure optimal performance and value for money. Understanding these factors will help you make an informed decision and select the right Cast Iron Block Bearings that meet your specific requirements. In this article, we will explore the key features and specifications to consider when evaluating China's cheap Cast Iron Block Bearings.
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When evaluating China's cheap Cast Iron Block Bearings, considering key features and specifications is crucial. Assessing the bearing type and design, load capacity and performance, material quality and durability, lubrication and maintenance requirements, precision and tolerance, certification and quality control, and cost-effectiveness allows for an informed decision-making process. By understanding these factors and conducting thorough research, you can select the cheap Cast Iron Block Bearings from China that provide optimal performance and value for your specific application needs. Remember to prioritize quality, reliability, and compatibility to ensure the long-term success of your bearing selection.


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Performer completely changed the way we can manipulate music. It allows me to freely create sound design elements, but most importantly, perform musical ideas that can't be done any other way.
Sascha Dikiciyan, Composer "Tron: Evolution"
KONKREET PERFORMER is a music control and performance instrument that was designed to use multi-touch technology to the full. Instead of traditional faders and knobs, use multi-touch and gestures to manipulate PERFORMER's beautiful shapes to dynamically control your computer's software instruments in real-time.
THE PERFORMANCE SCREEN
- Move the whole object by dragging the central master node
- Move individual nodes by dragging them
- Rotate the object using a two-finger rotation gesture on any free space on the screen
- Grow/shrink the object using a two-finger pinch gesture on any free space on the screen
- Throw the object by dragging the object centre rapidly and letting go (Throwing action is enabled using the Trigger Hold settings in the Preferences Screen)
- Every change to the object will send out MIDI/OSC messages
- A snapshot stores the object's current shape and position
- To save a snapshot, tap the red button in the top left corner and then choose any of the 8 snapshot slots
- To retrieve the snapshot, simply tap the respective snapshot button and the object will morph to the saved position and shape
- To erase a snapshot, first throw the object so that it disappears, then save this "invisible" object in the snapshot slot to be erased. (Throwing action is enabled using the Trigger Hold settings in the Preferences Screen.)
- To erase all 8 snapshots, use the button in the Preferences Screen.
- There are 8 independent banks for different MIDI/OSC settings, behaviour and visual preferences
- Each bank has its own set of 8 snapshots
- Left/right bank buttons move to the previous/next bank
- Changing bank also sends an OSC message (see XXXXX)
THE MAPPING SCREEN
- Bank Label – each bank can be given a custom name
- MIDI/OSC mode selector for current bank. When in MIDI mode, the MIDI channel for this bank can also be set.
Just touch the element (master, node, ribbon) you want to edit.
Each row shows (from left to right):
- Enable/Disable button for sending this message
- The event name
- For OSC: the address pattern
- For MIDI: the MIDI message type & MIDI message value
- Range button – to adjust or invert the parameter range
- Single-shot button – to send a single-shot message (useful when MIDI learning with other software)
- Each node can also be given a custom label.
- Indicator bar shows current value
- Drag Min and Max bars to adjust range
- Range is 0.0 to 1.0 for OSC, 0 to 127 for MIDI
- Double-tap range area to invert it
- The range button icon will glow bright white whenever the range is not at default
MIDI Communication Status
- Shows the status of all outgoing connections from PERFORMER to other MIDI apps and devices.
- No configuration is needed for MIDI; PERFORMER will automatically connect to any available MIDI inputs
OSC Communication Settings
- OSC Output: for controlling OSC-compatible software like Native Instruments Reaktor. For configuration, see XXXXX.
- OSC Input: optionally updating PERFORMER's visuals as you adjust parameters on your computer. More details.
Visual and Behaviour Settings
- Select which bank to configure using the large bank buttons.
- The thinner Active buttons allow you to change the currently displayed bank in the Performance Screen without leaving the Preferences Screen.
- Inertia: Variable setting for smooth morphing transitions when moving the object. Slowest setting is 100, fastest setting is zero (corresponding to no inertia).
- Control Inertia via Ribbon: maps the inertia slider to performance screen ribbon for real-time changes during performance.
- Jump: Object position jumps to touch anywhere on screen.
- Jump Retrigger: When jump mode is enabled, it can send a master touch message if desired.
- Trigger Hold: Sets latch vs momentary action. If enabled, a touch on the central master node latches the output message to 1, to send a zero, "throw" the master. If disabled, a touch on the master only sends out 1 as long as it is being touched.
- Snapshot Retrigger: When pressing a snapshot it can send a master touch message if desired.
- Nodes: number of nodes can be configured per bank.
- Ribbon: show/hide multi-touch ribbon controller at the lower edge of the Performance Screen.
- Labels: show the node labels
- Touch Areas: show the node and master touch recognition areas
- Visualisation options: select up to 3 different simultaneous visuals. If the maximum of three visuals are selected, changing visuals requires deselecting one of the currently selected ones first.
- Clear all snapshots: double-click to erase all of the snapshots in this bank
- Copy settings: copies all Behaviour and Visual preferences from this bank to any other bank


The DNS Resolver for.NET
Current Version: 1.3.1
Simple but Powerful
DnsClient.NET is a simple yet very powerful and high performant open source library for the.NET Framework to do DNS lookups.
It can be used in any kind of application to query the network's DNS server or any other DNS server even on non-default ports.
Cross Platform
Targeting the new NetStandard library of.NET, the DnsClient library can be used on Windows, Mac or Linux!
Try It Now
Running a query calls DnsClient on the server and uses the public Google DNS Servers (, for name resolution.
The Lookup Client
The LookupClient class is the main tool of this library. It provides configuration options and methods to run DNS queries and reverse lookups.
It is important to note, that it is highly recommended to instantiate the lookup client only once per application and to always use the same reference (singleton).
Otherwise, features like result cache and connection pooling will not have any effect which can decrease the application's performance.
That being said, the lookup client is thread safe, which means it can be used in a multithreaded and/or async context without any problems.
The following code initializes a new lookup client using your local network DNS server(s).
var client = new LookupClient();
client.UseCache = true;
But you can also specify a custom DNS server running on any port:
var endpoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(""), 8600);
var client = new LookupClient(endpoint);
For mock friendly and easier to test code and usage with injection (DI), it is recommended to have implementers only consume the interface ILookupClient or IDnsQuery instead of the concrete implementation.
Simple DI example:
Which can be consumed later by some MVC Controller for example:
public SomeController(ILookupClient client)
 if(client == null)
 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(client));
 _client = client;
Query APIs
The LookupClient's Query and QueryAsync methods can be used to run standard DNS queries for a domain name.
You have to provide a QueryType and optionally a QueryClass in addition to a valid domain name.
The following example queries for all A resource records:
var result = client.Query("domain.name.com", QueryType.A);
Resource Record Specific Types
Each type of resource record transports very specific and different data which needs custom parsing. Therefore, resource records in DnsClient also have very different properties to access the data.
Resource record collections of the LookupClient's query result are typed with the base class of all resource records, which means, to get to the QueryType specific data, each result record must be cast to the actual type.
To make that process a little bit easier, DnsClient comes with some build in extension methods for the most common types.
An A record for example always only provide an IP address. The corresponding ARecord class stores the IP address in the Address property.
The ARecords extension method filters all A records from the answers collection, and casts them to ARecords. Now, the Address property is available and can be used:
foreach (var aRecord in client.Query("google.com", QueryType.A).Answers.ARecords())
This is the same as doing a.OfType() call on the answers collection.
The following is another example for how to manual cast and then access the resource record type specific data.
var record = _client
 .Query("domain.name.com", QueryType.A)
// or
var record = _client
 .Query("domain.name.com", QueryType.A)
 .FirstOrDefault() as HInfoRecord;
if(record!= null)
 Console.WriteLine($"Cpu: {record.Cpu} OS: {record.OS}");
Additional Results
A DNS query result can have multiple sections: The answers, authority and additional records.
Answers are the actually requested resource record(s), if any, while additional records might contain resource records which contain additional information to the answer records.
A good example is the SRV record. The actual SRV record transports the port and domain name of the service. Which can be accessed via Port and Target properties of the SrvRecord class.
The additionals section might contain another A or CNAME record which transports the address of the requested service. To find the corresponding record in the additionals section (there could be multiple), we have to match the Target domain name of the answer with the DomainName of the additional record.
Example of how to use additional records:
var result = await _client
 .QueryAsync("_service.domain.com", QueryType.SRV);
if (result.HasError)
 throw new InvalidOperationException(result.ErrorMessage);
var srvRecord = result
if (srvRecord!= null)
 var additionalRecord = result.Additionals
 .FirstOrDefault(p => p.DomainName.Equals(srvRecord.Target));
 if (additionalRecord is ARecord aRecord)
 Console.WriteLine($"Services found at {srvRecord.Target}:{srvRecord.Port} IP: {aRecord.Address}");
 else if (additionalRecord is CNameRecord cname)
 Console.WriteLine($"Services found at {srvRecord.Target}:{srvRecord.Port} IP: {cname.CanonicalName}");
See also the resolve service methods below.
Synchronous and Async APIs
Async and sync API implementations are available for all query API methods.
var result = client.Query("google.com", QueryType.MX);
var host = await client.QueryReverse(ip);
// or
var result = await client.QueryAsync("google.com", QueryType.MX);
var host = await client.QueryReverseAsync(ip);
Extended Query API
Some queries might involve more complex business logic to get the results we actually want, e.g. doing a reverse lookup of an IP address to get the hostname and then querying for all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of that hostname.
For some of those more commonly used things, this DNS client comes with a default implementation. (If you think that there is something important missing or not working as you expect, feel free to post an issue on GitHub)
The GetHostName or GetHostNameAsync method does a reverse lookup and returns the hostname as string, or null if not found.
var client = new LookupClient();
string hostName = await client.GetHostNameAsync(IPAddress.Parse(""));
This is a shortcut for
var client = new LookupClient();
var result = await client.QueryReverseAsync(IPAddress.Parse(""));
var hostName = result.Answers.PtrRecords().FirstOrDefault()?.PtrDomainName;
Get Host Entries
The GetHostEntry method accepts either an IPAddress or a string which can be an IP address or hostname.
Depending on what gets passed in to the method, it does a reverse lookup of the address first and then tries to populate a IPHostEntry instance. See the documentation remarks of GetHostEntry for more details.
var client = new LookupClient();
var hostEntry = await client.GetHostEntryAsync("mail.google.com");
If we'd run a normal query for an A or AAAA record of mail.google.com, the result would something like this:
mail.google.com. 594243 IN CNAME googlemail.l.google.com.
googlemail.l.google.com. 227 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4016:807::2005
The entry returned by GetHostEntry in this example would have an IPv4 and IPv6 address, one Alias "googlemail.l.google.com" and the HostName property would be set to "mail.google.com".
Resolve Service APIs
The ResolveService queries for SRV records by using the syntax defined in RFC2782 to resolve available service hosts and ports.
The query syntax defines a special hostname, like _ldap._tcp.example.com which contains the service name, in this case _ldap and optionally a protocol, in this case _tcp.
Same example using the lookup client:
var client = new LookupClient();
var result = client.ResolveServiceAsync("example.com", "ldap", System.Net.Sockets.ProtocolType.Tcp);
Important to note that there should be no underscore prefixing the service name or protocol. This will be appended automatically, if the protocol is set.
One interesting use-case for this is DNS based client side service discovery. Consul for example has a DNS endpoint and supports this syntax. Instead of protocol, we can query for tags defined for the service in the Consul service registry (this is optional again).
In the following example, we'll query for the consul service itself:
var client = new LookupClient(IPAddress.Parse(""), 8600);
var entry = await client.ResolveServiceAsync("service.consul", "consul");
Configuration Options
Use Cache
Setting the UseCache property to true, allows the lookup client to cache all query results depending on the minimum time to live of all returned records.
This setting is enabled per default.
client.UseCache = true;
Minimum Cache Timeout
Setting the MinimumCacheTimeout property to a positive value allows the lookup client to cache query results, even if the resource records do have no time to live defined.
This is useful in performance critical solutions where even a few seconds matter.
Cached results can be accessed with millions of hits per seconds while actual queries might only reach 10 to a few 100 thousand hits per second.
This setting has no default.
client.MinimumCacheTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
Audit Trail
Enabling the EnableAuditTrail property of the lookup client, adds more information to the returned result.
Beside the collections of resource records, result.AuditTrail will contain a full log of the request and response.
The log format is similar to DNS files or the console output of the dig command line utility.
This setting is disabled per default.
Keep in mind that enabling this feature has a small performance impact and should only be used for debugging purpose.
var client = new LookupClient(NameServer.GooglePublicDns, NameServer


is the purpose of the injection valve?
Injection valves are used to connect the pump discharge line to the point of injection. Injection valves are not to be used as an isolation device or for antisiphon protection. The injection valve gives a 7 psig backpressure for non-critical metering.
What is a flushing device used for?
It is a device that flushes the pump head and discharge line. It is mainly used on applications where chemicals tend to solidify, or if the pump is going to be turned off for extended periods of time.
What is a float switch and when is it most useful?
A float switch is a very useful device to control the liquid level in a tank. As the liquid level decreases, the float sinks and closes contacts that can be used to control the functions of a pump, such as stopping pump 1 and starting pump 2. It can be used to turn on an alarm or indicator lamp to show that the tank is empty. It can also be used in a holding tank off the discharge line by reversing the float action, to show that the tank is full and stop the pump.
What is the difference between a single stage and a two-stage float switch?
A single stage float turns off the pump when the switch activates. A two-stage float activates the first level that can be used as a low tank level warning indication. When the second switch activates, the pump is stopped.
What is a Multifunction valve?
The Multifunction valve is a very versatile product that generates constant backpressure to insure constant metering. The device has a built in antisiphoning valve that prevents siphoning of chemicals into vacuum lines, water lines with Venturi effect, or negative discharge head applications. The built-in pressure relief valve, protects the pump, lines and equipment against over pressure in the event of dead heading. It has a built-in priming valve that relieves pressure in the discharge line allowing the pump to prime. The discharge drain valve allows fluid to be safely drained back to the tank.
How does a metering monitor function?
Meter monitoring uses a proximity switch that trips with every fluid pulse. The pump compares discharge strokes to fluid pulses sensed. If flow is not sensed in 8 strokes, or on the gamma/L the set number of strokes, the pump stops and a fault is indicated. It will sense loss of flow due to an empty, blocked or leaky suction line, deadhead or diaphragm failure. A proportional meter monitoring will sense volume failure below 20%, or the set volume.
What is the fault annunciation and pacing relay options?
The fault annunciation relay either drops out or pulls in on a pump fault. The pacing relay pulls in on a pump fault and generally connects to pace a secondary pump at the same rate as the primary pump.
What is the purpose of a pulsation dampener?
A properly sized pulsation dampener reduces pulsations by 90% or more and gives a nearly laminar flow. It reduces acceleration and deceleration head loses.
How do I calculate the proper pulsation dampener for my system?
Multiply the pumps displacement per stroke (ml) x 26 to get the minimum pulsation dampener volume (ml) to achieve 90% reduction in pulsation.
What are the functions of an accumulator and how does it differ from a dampener?
An accumulator reduces pulsations along with reducing acceleration and deceleration head loses. The accumulator has no separation of fluid from air. The chamber may eventually fill with liquid and need to be drained.
What is a diaphragm rupture monitor and how does it work?
The backplate between the drive and the pump head has a weep hole. A tube connects the weep hole to a small cylinder. If the diaphragm ruptures, liquid drains from the weep hole into the small cylinder. The cylinder has a float switch that activates when it sees as little as 10 mL of liquid. The contacts can be set up as normally open or normally closed.
Which wires do I use from the control cable?
There are five wires on the universal control cables: blue, black, brown, grey and white. The wiring for analog is brown and black tied together connected to the negative terminal. The blue wire connects to the positive terminal. The white and grey wires are not used. Note: If the remote pause option is used, the brown and black wires are connected across relay contacts or a switch. For contact operation, the brown and black wires are tied together and connect to one of the terminals. Connect the white wire to the other terminal. (Connection to a water meter is a typical application for contact operation.)
What are the individual color coded wires on the Universal control cable used for?
How do I connect a pump to a water meter?
The universal control cable plugs into the front of the pump. With the 5 -wire control cable: connect the white wire to one terminal and the brown and black wire tied together to the other. Note: If the remote pause option is used, the brown and black wires are connected across relay contacts or a switch.
Can I connect more than one pump to a water meter?
We do not recommend connecting more than one pump directly to a water meter. The safest way to connect multiple pumps to a water meter is to use the pacing relay function, the pump would be connected in series. Another popular way to connect multiple pumps is to use a ProMinent Contact Repeater.
How many pumps can I run from my 4 - 20 mA signal?
This question can best be answered by evaluating the devices in the system. The first information needed is the load impedance of the device supplying the pumps. This impedance is generally 750 Ohms, but could be less, in the range of 300 Ohms. Our controllers also have an impedance of 750 Ohms. Our gamma pumps have an impedance of 120 Ohms when used with a 4-20 mA signal. The resistance of the wire (length and diameter) must be added to the total impedance. Very long runs of wire and a small wire gauge can add up very fast.
How do I replace the pump diaphragm?
I have received a spare parts kit and I am having trouble removing the old diaphragm. Can you give me some additional advice for removing the diaphragm?
Remove the liquid end by loosening four head screws. Do not remove it all the way. Turn the stroke length adjustment down to 0% and grasp the liquid end. Then, slide it away from the threaded holes so the screws do not make contact with them but still has a hold on the back plate and diaphragm. Then turn the assembly counter-clockwise. The diaphragm should loosen off the solenoid shaft with little resistance. If the diaphragm does not loosen, penetrating oil should be applied to the surface where the diaphragm and solenoid shaft meet. Let it sit for a couple minutes and lightly tap diaphragm and slightly with a plastic hammer. Then follow the above specifications again.
When running Hydrogen Peroxide with suction lift, the system develops air lock. How can this problem be eliminated?
Install a self-degassing head on the pump, and use flooded suction. Keep the suction line short.
The pump is installed and running but will not pump?
I am pumping a high viscosity material and using flow monitor. I receive a flow failure indication during priming. What can I do to eliminate this problem?
The pulse duration may not be long enough for the sensing time. A duration extension may be activated in the flow monitor to increase duration time to 300 msec compared to the standard time of 80 msec. To activate outsmart switching; remove the cover holding the electronics and remove jumper X-1. This activates the extension and allows more time before a flow failure is indicated.
I am having a problem with the stroke positioning motors burning out. How can I prevent this from happening?
Make sure the pump motor is running while adjusting the stroke position. Driving the stroke length rod against the compressed spring without the pump motor running will cause premature failure of the stroke positioned motor.
How do you use a flow monitor with a Gamma/L pump?
Connect the flow monitor to the right top connector on the front of the gamma/L pump. The flow menu will only appear when the flow monitor is connected. Push the "P" for 3 seconds. Use the up and down arrow keys to get to the "SET" menu. Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. Use the up and down arrow keys to get to the "FLOW" menu. Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. Use the up and down arrow keys to turn "ON". Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. Use the up and down arrow keys to set the number of strokes the pump will stroke before it stops due to flow. Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the number.
How do you set the mA function on the Gamma/L pump?
Set the pump in the analog mode. Push the "P" for 3 seconds. Use the up and down arrow keys to get to the "SET" menu. Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. Use the up and down arrow keys to get to the "ANALG" menu. Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. Use the up and down arrow keys to select curve, 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA". Press the "P" key momentarily to accept the menu. If you choose the curve setting you will have additional settings please see section 7.4.2 of the operating manual. SEE WORD DOC FOR EXTRA!
How do you set the Access Code on the gamma/L pump?
How do you calibrate the gamma/L pump?
Before


an owner to keep your Dragons eyes healthy.
Diet is probably an obvious one but you need to supply your Bearded Dragons with a balanced diet that contains protein from insects and vitamin from vegetation to aid in overall health including the eyes.
The number of insects and vegetation you need to feed them will vary depending on their age.
Below is a chart that shows the % of protein and vegetation both baby and adult Bearded Dragons need in their diet as a rule of thumb.
You also need to provide your Dragon with the correct calcium, vitamin D3 and vitamin supplements. Here's a guide that shares the recommended supplements for a Bearded Dragons to keep them healthy.
Lighting is so important for Bearded Dragons. Without the correct basking temperatures, they won't be able to digest their food and therefore won't be able to use any of the nutrients they've consumed through their food or supplementation.
UVB lighting is also essential as they need this for many reasons including the absorption of vitamin D3.
Without both a balanced diet and high-quality lighting then they will struggle with their health and their eyes and likely to suffer as a result.
If you're not sure how to set up the lighting in your Bearded Dragons tank then take a look at this complete lighting guide.
What Other Senses Do Bearded Dragons Use?
One of the most overlooked senses that a Bearded Dragons uses to keep safe among other things is its tongue.
Bearded Dragons lick just about everything in order to understand more about their surroundings.
They use this licking behaviour to test the temperature of objects and check the scent of their owners as well as realising their position in the social hierarchy or the group.
Here's a post that details exactly why Bearded Dragons lick and why it's vital to their safety.
How many eyes do Bearded Dragons have? Bearded Dragons actually have 3 eyes. They have 2 eyes that are located at the sides of the skull and they also have a third eye called the 'parietal eye' that is located at the top of the skull and is in the form of a grey spot covered by a thin layer of skin.
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Are Bearded Dragons Aggressive? What You Need to Know!
Are Bearded Dragons Aggressive? What You Need to Know!
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Are Bearded Dragons Good Pets to Own? (The Truth)
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text:
The Diameter Maintenance and Extensions WG will focus on maintenance and
extensions to the Diameter protocol required to enable its use for
authentication, authorization, accounting, charging in network access,
provisioning of configuration information within the network, and for
new AAA session management uses within the extensibility rules of the
Diameter base protocol.
The DIME working group plans to address the following items:
- Maintaining and/or progressing, along the standards track, the
Diameter Base protocol and Diameter Applications. This includes
extensions to Diameter Base protocol that can be considered as
enhanced features or bug fixes.
- Diameter application design guideline. This document will provide
guidelines for design of Diameter extensions. It will detail when to
consider reusing an existing application and when to develop a new
- Protocol extensions for bulk and grouped AAA session management. The
aim of this work is to study and standardize a solution for handling
groups of AAA sessions within the Diameter base protocol context. The
solution would define how to identify and handle grouped AAA sessions
in commands and operations.
- Diameter overload control. The aim of this work is to identify the
limitations of the Diameter protocol level overload control provided
by the current Diameter Base protocol. A set of requirements will be
provided to define a new Diameter level overload control mechanism.
Additionally, Diameter-based systems require interoperability in order
to work. The working group, along with the AD, will need to evaluate any
potential extensions and require verification that the proposed
extension is needed, and is within the extensibility rules of Diameter
and AAA scope. Coordination with other IETF working groups and other
SDOs (e.g. 3GPP) will be used to ensure this.


Ramsey Muniz Uncategorized
A Grito for the Living Present by Ramsey Muniz
El Grito de Diez y Seis de Septiembre
Once again we celebrate the ultimate importance of this day in our history as a race. We are celebrating the truth of our ancestors who has made it possible for us to express to this world who we truly are and the reasons why freedom and justice continue to be a part of our lives.
It is written and told that Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, during the early morning of September 16, rang church bells and called on our indigenous ancestors of Dolores to rise from oppression, darkness, hunger, and injustice to proclaim to the world the independence of their nation. Sacred destinies from past writings constantly reveal that we as Mexicans, Hispanics, and Latinos would continue to rise until freedom and justice would become a part of our daily lives.
Within a period of months, Hidalgo's people had swelled to 100,000 strong – the largest army raised since the Aztecs (Mexicas), our ancient ancestors who made possible this uprising with hoes, machetes, clubs, outrage, faith, and a most spiritual desire for liberation that no one in the world would take again. In reality it is called the love of liberation.
It is historically written in ancient writings that we as a people and race would continue to rise and take back our God-given freedom and justice. On October 12, shortly after September 16, the battle was joined at Las Cruces, against the strong forces of the Spanish government. The entire world became aware that our people had risen from the ashes of injustice, slavery, oppression, and imprisonment, demanding the return of their land. Hidalgo, announcing for seven months the time to rise, was captured in Chihuaua. He was shot and decapitated by the Spanish government.
Here I remain confined in oppressive prisons maintaining the honor, valor, and courage to share that our history has just begun. Throughout the Southwest we seek political and spiritual power like never before. We witness the confinement and oppression of our sisters and brothers, concluding, as written in our ancient writings, that we would return to our promised land and share "El Grito de Dolores" from our hearts.
It is written that as we seek freedom and justice, the power of our spirituality will be present unlike before in the 21st century. This spiritual power is the rebirth of our search for God-given human rights and land.
Know who you are and what people before you died for. Always remember that our history is far from becoming a thing of the past. It is more alive, more contentious, and demanding than ever. A famous late Hispanic professor once stated, "A living present time cannot exist if the past is dead. Our history is the past, and very much alive in the present."
In exile,
Ramsey Muniz – Tezcatlipoca
By mopress
Writer, Editor, Educator, Lifelong Student
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text:
posted by Scooby on.
An anvil hanging vertically from a long rope in a barn is pulled to the side and raised like a pendulum 1.6 m above its equilibrium position. It then swings to its lowermost point where the rope is cut by a sharp blade. The anvil then has a horizontal velocity with which it sails across the barn and hits the floor, 10.0 m below. How far horizontally along the floor will the anvil land? "
m g h = potential energy at top = U = m (9.8)(1.6)
Ke at bottom = U at top =.5 m u^2
1.6*9.8 =.5 u^2
calculate u, the horizontal velocity from that
Now get time in the air from the falling problem
10 =.5 * 9.8 * t^2
so calculate t from that
distance horizontal= u t


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SortedList.Item Property
Gets and sets the value associated with a specific key in a SortedList object.
Namespace: System.Collections
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public virtual Object this [
 Object key
] { get; set; }
/** _USER_ */
public Object get_Item (Object key)
/** _USER_ */
public void set_Item (Object key, Object value)
Not applicable.
The key associated with the value to get or set.
Property Value
The value associated with the key parameter in the SortedList object, if key is found; otherwise, a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
Exception typeCondition
key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
The property is set and the SortedList object is read-only.
The property is set, key does not exist in the collection, and the SortedList has a fixed size.
There is not enough available memory to add the element to the SortedList.
The comparer throws an exception.
You can use the Item property to access a specific element in a collection by specifying the following syntax: myCollection[key].
You can also use this property to add new elements by setting the value of a key that does not exist in the SortedList object (for example, myCollection["myNonexistentKey"] = myValue). However, if the specified key already exists in the SortedList, setting the Item property overwrites the old value. In contrast, the Add method does not modify existing elements.
A key cannot be a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), but a value can be. To distinguish between a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the specified key is not found and a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the value of the specified key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), use the Contains method or the ContainsKey method to determine if the key exists in the list.
The elements of a SortedList are sorted by the keys either according to a specific IComparer implementation specified when the SortedList is created or according to the IComparable implementation provided by the keys themselves.
The C# language uses the this keyword to define the indexers instead of implementing the Keys property. Visual Basic implements Item as a default property, which provides the same indexing functionality.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
.NET Compact Framework
Supported in: 2.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: 1.0
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
720 DEGREE IMAGE Bog roll camera. (2 x 360 degrees).
One of the most rewarding as well as bewildering approaches to pin-holing is imaging on the inside of a cylinder. This is an excellent teaching tool, forcing the user to mentally combust whilst getting a healthy understanding of aiming without a viewfinder. It is also a great use for the inside of a used toilet roll. For teaching and general experimentation, photographic paper works fine for all the methods below.
Pringles box (10 x 8), Poster tube (5 x 7) and toilet roll tube (5 x 4) cameras.
The last time I taught this, the insides of toilet rolls were taken from all the conveniences of the University, making me highly unpopular with the cleaners!
1. Get the inside of a toilet roll.
2. Flatten a sheet of aluminium cut out from a beer – coke can.
3. Cut out two circles of aluminium the same diameter as the roll, using it as a template.
4. Push a pin through the center of each of the circles of aluminium.
5. Sand down on both sides of the hole using 1200 grit emery paper, making the area of the hole as thin as possible. (This enables the hole to image at an acute angle, through a slot rather than a circular hole).
6. Check how thin the metal is by tilting the circle of metal up to a light and observing when the hole disappears.
7. Use black insulation tape to fix the pinholes onto each hole of the tube.
8. Cut the roll in half and adhere a strip of black card to form a light tight sleeve for the other half of the tube to slide into.
9. Make two shutters out of black insulation tape to cover each of the holes.
The roll needs to be kept still which can be done with a rubber band and a short pen. Avoid sunlight entering either of the holes. Each shutter can be removed to expose either side alternately.
Getting ones head around two 360-degree images back to back is great fun, making this one of the most enjoyable bouts of pre-visualisation chaos one can have! Try and position the roll close to a subject so no area is left blank (ie the sky). In the same way, if the roll is positioned on the ground, placing the camera on a newspaper will put detail into the foreground the camera is resting on. Initially 'pointing' the camera towards a wall (from a distance of about a foot), will give the user some vague idea as to what is happening. The area directly in front of the pinhole is excluded from the picture, but with a circular 360 degree area either side of the hole being recorded. Due to the increasing pinhole – emulsion distance (inverse square law stuff) the image fades the further it is from the hole, so allowing the second image to form from the halfway point.
About 3 seconds each side in sunlight when using photographic paper, (semi matt reduces internal reflections.) The final photo can be rolled into a cylinder, (Image outwards), to show the two images joining up.
Advanced - Using film.
If you fancy using film, the toilet roll has the same inside area as a sheet of 5x4. Make a smaller hole by pushing only the tip of the pin through the metal then follow the same procedure with the emery paper. This can also be used (for close ups) with a couple of flashguns to avoid camera shake. (see the self portrait on the main index page of the website). If you have a 10x8 enlarger lying around, as well as loads of spare cash, a Pringles box takes a sheet of 10x8 film.
A shiny cylinder, the same diameter as the roll used to create the image can be placed on the photograph and the image viewed in correct perspective off the reflection in the same way as in the 18th century bods used to do with paintings reflected in goblets. They didn't have toilet rolls though.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
extemporary extemporaneous.
extempore without plan or preparation; impromptu or improvised. [3 definitions]
extemporize to speak without preparation or reference to notes. [5 definitions]
extend to make longer in size or duration, or to move (a deadline, due date, or the like) further ahead in time. [8 definitions]
extendable combined form of extend.
extended stretched, pulled, or spread out. [3 definitions]
extensible able to be extended.
extension the act of extending or state of being extended. [6 definitions]
extensive having great reach or extension. [3 definitions]
extent the degree, amount, space, or distance that something reaches or covers. [3 definitions]
exteriorize to make external or exterior.
exterminator someone or something that exterminates. [2 definitions]


text:
Hi, i have two m files in order to calculate STATMOMENTS & STATXTURE of an image. [*statmoments.m & statxture.m*]. the statmoments m file is inside the statxture m file. i need to make a pushbotton with text boxes to display my result of the m files in them. so, the question is HOW TO USE THOES M FILES IN PUSH BOTTON? AND DISPLAY THE RESULTS IN TEXT BOXES?
thanks for your time and helping!
You can find out how to use GUIDE to build a GUI and put code in so that when you click a button your code executes. You can also use sprintf() and set() to put text onto the GUI in a text control.
% Make a string. theText = sprintf('Your number = %.3f', theNumber); % Now, send it to the text control. set(handles.text1, 'String', theText);
Play games and win prizes!Learn more


text:
- 1 Can humans float on mercury?
- 2 Will things float in mercury?
- 3 Will a gold ring float on mercury?
- 4 Can solid mercury float on liquid mercury?
- 5 Will an ice cube float in mercury?
- 6 Will a ice cube float in mercury?
- 7 What will happen when mercury falls on gold?
- 8 What happens when mercury falls on skin?
Can humans float on mercury?
The liquid metal is about 13 times as dense as water, which means that a 2 liter jug of mercury weighs more than 50 pounds. And because we meat bags are much less dense than mercury — on average 1.062 g/cubic centimeter — we're able to float in it.
Will things float in mercury?
Mercury is a metallic element and has a density of 13.5 grams per cubic centimeter (0.49 pounds per cubic inch). This means that the density of mercury is approximately 13 times greater than that of water. Therefore, some objects that sink in water will float on mercury, including pieces of lead, silver and steel.
Will a gold ring float on mercury?
Mercury is a liquid metal and has a density of 13.5 g/cm³ and gold has density of 19.3 g/cm³. Since density of gold is higher than the density of mercury, so gold would sink in mercury.
Can solid mercury float on liquid mercury?
Consequently the solid mercury is heavier than the liquid mercury and a piece of it when in solid state it will not float in its own liquid state. Mercury is a fascinating example of a metallic element that is liquid at room temperature.
Will an ice cube float in mercury?
Mercury is very dense, so the ice cube would make only a small dent in the mercury. But the fact that it is displacing even a little mercury means that the surface of the mercury is higher than it would have been before we dropped in the ice cube.
Will a ice cube float in mercury?
What will happen when mercury falls on gold?
Freddie Mercury may have had the golden voice, but real mercury, that endlessly entertaining and dangerous liquid metal, has the golden touch. That is, if it touches gold it will immediately break the lattice bonds of the precious metal and form an alloy in a process known as amalgamation.
What happens when mercury falls on skin?
Mercury Toxicity Direct contact with elemental (liquid) mercury can cause irritation and chemical burns. Possible immediate effects may include dizziness, vertigo, flu-like symptoms, burning or irritation, pale or clammy skin, irritability, and emotional instability.


text:
Nur Khan rendered colossal services for the uplift of national sports of hockey, cricket and squash and enabled Pakistan to reach the pinnacle. Under his tenure as hockey chief, Pakistan won two Olympics, World Cup and Champions Trophy titles with later two tournaments being his own brainchild apart from many new innovations to uplift these sports from decline and decadence. When he became chairman PCB (then BCCP) in February 1980, he made the Asia Cup an enduring reality and introduced neutral umpiring in cricket matches.
He also played a pivotal role in bringing the Cricket World Cup to the subcontinent for the first time. When Nur Khan took over the responsibility of reviving squash in the country, the game saw its zenith. His revolutionary steps for the uplift of the game included introduction of talent hunt scheme which paid dividends and produced a surfeit of world class Pakistan players in the 70s: Qamar Zaman, Gogi Allauddin, Hidayat Jahan, Mohibullah Khan Junior and others. ln 1975, his efforts bore fruit as Qamar Zaman brought back the British Open title to Pakistan after 12 years. He during his short stints as Minister of Education and Governor of West Pakistan made all endeavours to promote education and improve the social fibre of the nation.
Pakistan's squash greats Jahangir Khan and Jansher Khan were discovered by the PIA when air marshal had the administrative reins of the national career. An ace fighter pilot, a visionary commander and an epitome a leader, Air Marshal Nur Khan emerged on the global landscape a true icon, a legend and a national hero.


text:
BeritaBali.com reports that Bali's Environmental Protection Agency (BLH) has recorded salt water intrusion into the ground water supply at distances between 39 and 330 meters from the shore line. The BLH is blaming this development on the high usage of ground water, particularly by the hotel sector.
The worst affected areas are in Sanur, Kuta, Candi Dasa and Nusa Dua. Meanwhile, the use of ground water in Denpasar is now approaching 3 million cubic meters per month.
The head of the technical laboratory division of BLH, Gede Surjana, said he is concerned by the degree of salt water intrusion into Bali's water supply and the level of salinity measured in ground water samples. He further warned that if something is not done soon to limit the over-use of ground water, Bali will face a clean water crisis by 2020.
He estimates the maximum permissible use of ground water for all of Bali stands as 300 million cubic meters per year.
Discovery Tours. Articles may be quoted and reproduced
if attributed to _URL_.


text:
Hanging Temple (Xuankong Si)
Heng Shan (Bei Yue), Shanxi
Heng Shan is one of five sacred Daoist mountains, climbed by emperors to seek blessings from the time of Qin Shi Huang onwards. The spectacular Hanging Temple was first built by the Northern Wei, although its present structures only date from the Qing Dynasty. The long poles, that seem to prop up its buildings, are more for visual effect. The temple is actually cut into the side of the rock, with additional support from cantilevered floor beams that have been socketed into the cliff (closeup).
Xuankong is religiously eclectic. Of the three major halls seen here, the leftmost is Buddhist, the middle is Daoist, and the rightmost is Confucian.


text:
Wired Magazine is fascinated by the idea that seed pods can open up after they've been detached from the plant, i.e. after the tissue is "dead." It seems to me that lots of seed pods that open do so after they're "dead" but what do I know, I'm neither a botanist nor a reporter for Wired.
The article uses a Delosperma seed pod as an example of the "rare" phenomenon of dead plant "origami." Since succulents' cell structures can store lots of water, this example's seed pod can unfurl, i.e. open, when the rains come.
Seed capsule from the ice plant Delosperma nakurense in the hydrated, unfolded state. (M. J. Harrington).
Now, what about the fact that these unopened seed pods, or "fruit", are edible and often eaten by the birds?
link via PATSP.


text: To lead and inform evidence based human settlement policy for Punjab, taking into account the local needs, international best practices, and the emerging economic, social and environmental trends. To assign due respect to Punjab's environment and its precious land resource. To devise efficient and sustainable system of land management, its use and responsible development. To address years of rural neglect and urban decay and to facilitate the development of sustainable communities, raising the standard of living and urban security, specially for the low income groups. Recognizing that cities towns and villages in Punjab are the real engines of economic growth, to develop an incremental, yet comprehensive, system of enterprise clusters, economic zones, and the needed infrastructure to connect them. To interface with stakeholders from all spheres of interests, including, private, public, political, civil, media and international organizations, forging a "Development's Common" dedicated to improving the quality of human settlements in Punjab.


text:
Trading the Gap: What are Gaps & How to Trade Them?
Gap trading strategies help traders capitalize on the gaps in charts caused by price fluctuations between sessions. Read on to discover more about the phenomenon of gaps, the four types to be aware of, and how to employ a gap trading system.
What is a gap?
A gap refers to the area on a chart where no trading activity has taken place. This will appear as an asset's price moves sharply up or down with nothing in between, meaning the market has opened at a different price to its prior close.
Why does the gap occur? The most frequent cause is fundamental factors. For example, in the chart above, ASOS stock rallied overnight as the company's full year results showed it avoided another profit warning - along with traders showing confidence in the company's ability to fix critical operational issues.
Other news such as product announcements, analyst upgrades and downgrades, and new senior appointments can lead to gaps. This is because they can move the market significantly between trading sessions in either direction.
Gap down stocks vs Gap up stocks
Gap down stocks and gap up stocks refer to the direction of the price movement either side of the gap. A full gap down is when the opening price is lower than the prior low price, while a full gap up (as shown above) occurs when the opening price is greater than the prior high price.
The four types of gaps in trading
Aside from gap down and gap up, there are four main types of gap, dependent on where they show up on a chart: common gaps, breakway gaps, continuation or runaway gaps, and exhaustion gaps.
1. Common gaps simply show a gap in price action independent of price patterns and usually don't provide exciting trading opportunities.
2. Breakway gaps signal a new trend where the asset 'gaps away' from the price pattern, as can be seen below where the gap triggers a breakout. If a breakaway gap is accompanied by higher trading volume, it may be worth taking a position long for a breakaway gap up, and short for a breakaway gap down, on the candle following the gap. (see our gap trading example below).
3. Continuation or runaway gaps show an acceleration of an already bullish or bearish pattern in the same direction. This can be caused by a news event that confirms the sentiment and furthers the trend. Traders might look to follow the trend and place a stop just below the gap for a bullish runaway gap and just above for a bearish runaway gap.
4. Exhaustion gaps are, conversely to continuation gaps, where price makes a final gap in the trend direction, but then reverses. This is often caused by a herd mentality of traders rushing to the trend and moving the stock into overbought territory. Therefore, experienced traders will be watching for the reversal and take the contrary position to the prior trend.
What does it mean when a gap has been 'filled'?
A gap being 'filled' refers to the price returning to the original level before the gap happened. This usually means the price action, in the following days or weeks, retraces to the last day before a gap.
There are a range of factors that come into play with gap fill stocks:
- Price corrections: An overly optimistic or pessimistic initial spike may invite a correction.
- Support and resistance isn't left behind when a price moves up or down sharply.
- Patterns: Price patterns dictate the likelihood of a gap being filled. For example, price reversals seen with exhaustion gaps are likely to be filled as this type of gap signals the end of a price trend.
Trading the gap: Gap trading strategies & tips
There are a range of gap trading techniques to explore,from fading and predicting gaps to using indicators to help you gauge price action.
Fading the gap
'Fading the gap' is when gaps are filled within the trading day they occur. Let's say a stock gapped up at the open with a higher price than the previous close, on a positive earnings report. Now let's say, as the day progresses, tradersdelve deeper into the company's presentation deck, see things they don't like, and start selling. Eventually, the price hits yesterday's close, and the gap is filled.
Irrational exuberance from less experienced traders can be particularly advantageous for more seasoned market practitioners when it comes to fading the gap, as the volume that causes the gap is often caused by FOMO in trading.
Predicting a gap
If technical or fundamental factors point to the potential for a gap on the next trading day, it may be time to enter a position. For example, having detailed knowledge of a given company and its operations can help a trader predict a gap for that stock ahead of an earnings report.
Traders can use tools such as the Exponential Moving Average and RSI to ascertain key price points and inform their decisions. For example, the below chart shows how an overbought RSI signal can be used to enter short after an exhaustion gap.
The next chart shows an aggressive approach to the breakaway gap example. It reveals where a long position is entered in response to increased trading volume following the gap, and a possible initial stop loss level to protect against the higher risk.
A more conservative approach to this breakaway gap would be to enter on a pullback, which gives the opportunity to test the gap. While it may offer smaller upside, this approach means traders can get away with a much tighter initial stop loss order.
Gap Trading Rules: Key things to consider
- Classify the gap you are going to play: It's important to know which of the four types of gap you have identified. A continuation gap will prolong a trend while an exhaustion gap is set to reverse it – two very different outcomes.
- When a gap has started filling, it will rarely stop due to there often being no immediate support or resistance.
- Has a move been fueled by amateur or professional investors? Amateur investors may exhibit irrational exuberance that sets up an exhaustion gap, so waiting for the price to start to break before taking a position may be wise.
- Pay attention to volume. Breakaway gaps normally exhibit high volume (see trading example above) while low volume should occur in exhaustion gaps.
- Be careful. Trading the gap means trading stock market volatility with low liquidity so caution must be exercised. Read more on trading psychology and using stop loss orders to make sure you're trading with the right mindset and managing risk properly.
Further reading on trading stocks and the stock market
Mastering gap trading techniques is useful for stock trading in particular. Read more on the major stock indices and download our free, quarterly equities forecast to boost your understanding of the markets and help you trade more consistently.
DailyFX provides forex news and technical analysis on the trends that influence the global currency markets.


text:
- freely available
Sensors 2011, 11(12), 11649-11663; doi:10.3390/s111211649
Published: 14 December 2011
Abstract: There are numerous ways in which pressure-sensitive paint can be applied to a surface. The choice of substrate and application method can greatly affect the results obtained. The current study examines the different methods of applying pressure-sensitive paint to a surface. One polymer-based and two porous substrates (anodized aluminum and thin-layer chromatography plates) are investigated and compared for luminescent output, pressure sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and photodegradation. Two luminophores [tris-Bathophenanthroline Ruthenium(II) Perchlorate and Platinum-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) Porphyrin] will also be compared in all three of the substrates. The results show the applicability of the different substrates and luminophores to different testing environments.
Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a method of optically measuring the absolute spatial pressure distribution over an entire surface. Compared to traditional point measurement techniques, this has the advantage of giving significantly more information about the flow physics and can allow for integration of pressure, giving forces and moments on aerodynamic surfaces, visualizing and quantifying shock structures [2,3] and even estimating altitude in flight. The theory and working principles of PSP have been documented by several researchers [5,6] and will only be briefly recounted here.
PSP is based on the mechanism of oxygen quenching which involves the non-radiative deactivation of an excited photo-active molecule (luminophore). A luminophore is excited to an electronic state higher than its ground state by absorbing light of a specific wavelength. This excited luminophore can return to its ground state by either a radiative or non-radiative process. Radiative processes, which involve the emission of light, include fluorescence and phosphorescence and are usually grouped together under the term luminescence. The wavelength difference between the absorbed and emitted light is known as the Stokes shift. It is a preferable characteristic that PSP luminophores have a large Stokes shift to allow the signals to be separated easily. Non-radiative processes include internal conversion to a different electronic state and then the release of heat, or external conversion via contact with an external molecule, in this case oxygen. Oxygen is an extremely good quenching molecule, as it has an unusual electronic ground state which is easily excited.
The method of modeling oxygen quenching depends on the method of application of the PSP; however, the outcome is largely the same. There are two conventional methods of applying PSP: polymerand porous-based (see Figures 1 and 2). Traditional polymer-based PSP involves suspending the luminophore in an oxygen-permeable polymer layer. Henry's law states that, at constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a solid is proportional to the pressure of the gas at the surface. This can be combined with Dalton's law of partial pressures to relate the dissolved oxygen concentration, and therefore the level of quenching, to the pressure acting on the surface. Porous-based PSP involves adsorbing the luminophore onto a highly porous surface. The two most common porous PSP substrates are anodized aluminum (AA) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. An anodized aluminum substrate requires that the model be made of a high-grade aluminum alloy or pure aluminum, whereas TLC plates can be used in an off-the-shelf fashion and applied directly to any flat surface. The luminophore molecules are directly exposed to the test gas, therefore porous-based PSP has a much faster response time when compared with its polymer counterpart, as oxygen diffusion through a polymer layer requires a finite time. However, as the luminophores are so exposed to the test gas, they are very easily quenched, leading to a very low luminescent output, even with low concentrations of oxygen. As outlined by Sakaue and Sullivan, porous PSP is deactivated by one of two methods: adsorption/surface diffusion or target collision. These two methods become more or less prevalent depending on the surface pressure and the surface temperature.
Typical response times for the various methods of application can be seen in Table 1. The thickness of the polymer layer has a significant effect on both the response time and the emission signal level. The values presented in Table 1 are of similar thickness for ease of comparison, however if the thickness is reduced the response times can be reduced by an order or magnitude. The pore size and depth found on anodized aluminum has a strong effect on the response of AA-PSP, this is discussed in detail by Sakaue and Gregory et al..
The methods of application shown here require that a reference image is taken at a known reference pressure. This allows for the elimination of effects such as non-uniform illumination or a spatial variation in luminophore concentration. Regardless of the method of application of PSP, the relationship between intensity and pressure is given by the Stern-Volmer equation [Equation (1)]. The non-linearity of this equation for different substrates was shown by Gregory and Sullivan.where I is the intensity, P is the pressure and γ is an empirical parameter from the Freundlich isotherm and is normally equal to one for polymer-based PSP (polymer-based PSP does exhibit some non-linear behavior near vacuum conditions). Unfortunately, coefficients A(T) and B(T) are functions of temperature. This gives rise to what is (usually) the largest source of error in applications of PSP: the temperature-induced error. It should be noted that the coefficients A(T) and B(T) do not have the same formulations for polymerand porous-based PSP; however, they are commonly represented in this way.
Depending on the nature of the application, it may be favorable to use a different substrate. It is the aim of this study to show the applicability of the different application methods for two commonly used luminophores: tris-Bathophenanthroline Ruthenium(II) Perchlorate [Ru(dpp)3] and Platinum-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) Porphyrin (PtTFPP). If a fast response time is required, then porous substrates are clearly the only type viable. However, in steady flow conditions, response time is not as important, and the sensitivity and signal output are much more important.
This paper will present the signal output, pressure sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and photodegradation characteristics for anodized aluminum, TLC plates and polymer-based samples of Ru(dpp)3 and PtTFPP luminophores to show their applicability to different flows and experiments.
2. Sample Preparation
The two luminophores used in this experiment are very commonly used for a variety of applications. Both of these luminophores have a large Stokes shift, and therefore give signals which are easily separable from the incident light. Figure 3 shows the absorption and emission spectra of these two luminophores when excited with 395 nm LED lamps (these will be described later). The emission signal was measured using the Princeton Instruments ICCD spectrometer with a 530 nm long pass filter.
The polymer-based samples [referred to here as Ru(dpp)3 Polymer and PtTFPP Polymer] were prepared on 10 × 10 mm square aluminum plates. These plates were sprayed with 3 base coats of Ambersil matt white acrylic paint Ral9010, to give a uniform reflective surface on which to apply the PSP. This base coat was sanded using P1200 grade abrasive paper to ensure a smooth surface finish. This base coat also acts as a reflector, reflecting the unabsorbed incident light back through the polymer layer and also reflecting the emission towards the imaging device. The polymer paint itself is an in-house formulation consisting of Methyl triethoxysilane (MTEOS) as the sol-gel binder, as it is known to have excellent oxygen permeability and good adhesion, with ethanol and HCl as solvents. The luminophore molecules were dissolved in a combination of the solvents to the same concentration of approximately 4 mM ± 0.2 mM. The paint was applied to the prepared base coat in 16 light coats using a modeler's airbrush. A smooth, fast sweeping action was used to ensure uniformity and each coat was allowed to dry before application of subsequent coats. The preparation of the samples took place in as dark an environment as possible so as not to photodegrade the paint during the application process. Immediately after the PSP had been applied, the sample was cured in an oven at 343 K for 7 hours.
2.2. TLC Plate
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates have been used by several researchers as a cost-effective porous substrate for porous PSP [6,19]. Baron et al. showed that the frequency response of such a combination could approach 100 KHz. Silica gel TLC plates can be used as a porous substrate, as luminophore molecules are known to adsorb onto the surface. TLC plates have the advantage that they are white and, therefore, possess the same reflecting characteristics as the polymer base coat. Unfortunately, TLC plates are extremely fragile and can only be used on very simple and flat geometries. The TLC samples [referred to here as Ru(dpp)3 TLC and PtTFPP TLC] were prepared by dipping 10 × 10 mm squares of HPTLC silica gel 60 from MERCK Chemicals International in a 0.3 mM solution of the luminophore dissolved in dichloromethane. These values were chosen as they were shown to have the greatest sensitivity and


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I was thinking about Hydrogen balloons and that large ones which are used for weather balloons which sometimes go up to 100,000 ft (approx 30km). Then I was wondering, how much potential energy has the balloon gained with the balloon and the weight it carries to get up to 100,000 ft. It seems the object would have a lot of potential energy at that height. If the object was rolled down a ramp from that height, it would generate a lot of energy going down a 30km height ramp. Then how much energy was used to get it to lift, to produce the hydrogen in the first place?
So my question is, could there be any situation where the potential energy the balloon and its cargo gained exceed the energy it took to make the hydrogen in the first place? Then, if so, how could a cycle be set up where the lifting energy of the hydrogen is used to liberate more hydrogen and produce energy.
Here is another idea, what if the balloon started at the bottom of the ocean, a Electrolysis device is separating hydrogen and oxygen from the water down there. A balloon collects the hydrogen and oxygen and pulls upwards. The balloon is attached to a string which it pulls up and turns a pully (wheel) at the bottom as it goes up. Could the rotation of the wheel gain more energy than the cost to extract the hydrogen. I guess the weight of the string would be a factor to consider as well.
My thought is that all of this is very unlikely, as it seems like a perpetual motion device, as the hydrogen and oxygen could be re-combined and it would fall back downwards as water and the cycle would be repeated. The question would be, where does the energy come from? it has to come from somewhere, so this seems very unlikely. I cannot think of where the energy comes from.
But can anyone work out the calculations even for a very basic calculation?


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Benefits of Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum paint:
- Treats Gingivitis:
- The astringent and antiseptic properties of Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treat gingivitis. It is a hemostatic (stops bleeding) that prevent gum bleeding and helps in strengthening gums. It reduces gum inflammation, heals wounds, refreshes breath and kills bacteria in the oral cavity.
- Treats mouth ulceration:
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treats a mouth ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
- Treats Tooth ache :
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treats toothache. A toothache is pain that occurs within a tooth or the surrounding gum.
- Treats Dental plaque:
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint is killmicroorganisms in the bio film. It kills the harmful bacteria can reduce the degree of
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint is a mild antiseptic used in the mouth to help relieve minor mouth irritation (like due to canker/cold sores, dentures, orthodontic appliances).


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The molad (average synodic lunar period) is expressed by Rabban Gamliel (in Rosh Hashanah 25a) as 29 1/2 days, 2/3 of an hour, and 73 chalakim (1 chelek = 3 1/3 seconds).
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73 may have been the Sanhedrin of Shamaya and Avtalyon.
Both were converts to Judaism; there's some discussion whether they were full voting members of the Sanhedrin, or only served in an advisory, non-voting capacity (in which case 71 +2 = 73).
73 are the volumes of Schottenstein.
(It fits the beat!)
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73 is the number of answers to shiv'im mi yodeya!
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73 is the regular (alef = 1... tav = 400) gematria of "חכמה" (wisdom) and the reverse (in decimal representation) of the ordinal-value (alef = 1... tav = 22) gematria of the same word (37).
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A Simple Plan:
Benefits Of Walkers for seniors Mostly In Seniors
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9 Lessons Learned:
Where To Start with and More


text:
The Chandrasekhar H-function plays an important role in a wide class of problems of analytical radiative transfer theory. The H-function is the solution of well-known integral equations, both non-linear and linear. The physics of a particular problem under consideration determines the form of the so-called characteristic and dispersion functions, Ψ(μ) and T(μ), respectively. They appear in H-equations and determine their solutions. We show that Ψ(μ) and T(μ) can be restructured in such a way that the solutions of H-equations transforms from H(μ) to Hn(μ),n=2,3,4,… provided Ψ(μ) and T(μ) are replaced with Ψn(μ) and Tn(μ). The structure of the non-linear and linear H-equations does not change under this transformation. The basis of this restructuring is a recursion relation that gives Ψn(μ) and Tn(μ) in terms of Ψ(μ) and T(μ).
|Журнал||Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer|
|Состояние||Опубликовано - мая 2020|
Предметные области Scopus
- Атомная и молекулярная физика и оптика


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United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) is uniquely privileged to issue stamps along with postal authorities of host countries by the Universal Postal Authority (UPU). The other entities issuing stamps are either a country or a territory. UN offices that issue stamps are located in New York, Geneva, and Vienna. The first stamps were issued October 24th, 1951 in New York and were built around the theme "People's of the World." This and the ones with the theme of "UN Headquarters Building" and "Peace, Justice, Security" formed the first three issues. These were all definitive issues and in keeping with the true United Nations spirit affordable at 1c, 1.5c, and 3c denominations.
The primary purpose was for UN official correspondence originating from their offices. They can be used for private correspondence too with the caveats being:
- Only stamps denominated in the host country currency may be used at that country's United Nations office. i.e., a stamp denominated in Swiss Francs cannot be used in the offices in Vienna where the currency is in Euros.
- The stamps cannot be used in mailings outside of UN offices.
- Express Mail and Priority mail are unavailable for private mailings.
- Private mailings are limited to 100 pieces.
Significant time and money is spent on the design and quality control of UN stamps making these extremely high quality stamps with an aesthetic appeal. Sheer volume accounts for the majority of UN stamps sporting only a trivial catalog value. Early issues (50's – 70's) sold in the millions. Collector interest sagged from the late 70's as UN issues were deemed similar to CTO stamps – issued in the millions with only a small percentage used for postage because of the restrictions. Consequently, sale of many issues in the 80's and 90's were well below the one million mark. UNPA reacted by reducing the printings of issues (roughly 500,000) and hiking instead the number of issues in a given year. This series of events caused older UN stamps catalog for a lower value compared to recent issues – another unique fact!
Issues with Significant Philatelic Interest:
The first UN issue with a significant catalog value is the 1954 UN NY Scott #29 3c Orange-Brown mother and child (Human Rights Issue) that catalogs for $12 for a mint copy and $5 for the used. Issue #30 which catalogs for a much lower value is along the same theme and together they form the mother and child set. This set can be acquired easily for about $5 in mint condition:
Among the stamps issued in the first twenty years, the most valuable issue is the UN NY Scott #38 10th anniversary souvenir sheet that catalogs for well over $100 for a mint copy. Used or FDC versions of the same set catalogs for one-tenth of that value. Nevertheless, in the world of serious philately, these are considered "very affordable":
One significant issue from the 1980s with higher standing is the vast flags set issued in sets of 8 to 16 stamps at a time for a total of 192 stamps (originally 168 scattered between Scott Numbers 325 & 569). Although huge with the combined catalog value exceeding $200, the series can be acquired through eBay for around $50:
Philatelic themes also have an appreciative audience with the Pacific 1997 Earth Summit Souvenir Sheet (UN NY Scott # 708a) with the stamp expo inscription in the border cataloging at $25. The 1997 "Tribute to Philately" issue (UN NY Scott# 714 & 715) is another issue under the philatelic theme but they catalog for far less. Anniversary issues are again an extremely affordable popular theme.
United Nations (UN) stamps have unique characteristics placing them in a well recognized area of collecting:
- The designs and quality are graceful making for a good showing.
- For the most part, affordability makes them suitable for new collectors in the philatelic world.
- As they sell at a significant discount to face value, they are a frugal alternative for those residing near a UN office.
Last Updated: 07/2011.