Name of this class
This setting has no function, it's purpose is simply to remind you what this class is defining.
Type of users
There are two types of user, real and anonymous. Essentially, if the user logs in with the username 'anonymous', they are in the anonymous class of user and will only be members of a class with Anonymous ticked. If the user logs in with a genuine username and password, they are considered to be a'real' user.
Specific users in this class
This lets you refine a class to specific users, e.g. "bob,fred" or even wild cards, "*jones", or lists of users including the 'not' character, e.g. all users except bob "*,!bob"
IP Addresses of connecting users
Again, this refines who is a member of this class. The user's IP address must match this parameter (if the parameter is not blank). You can use lists and wild cards and the not character, e.g. "1.2.3.*". In this second example, all users in the 1.2.3 network are allowed to connect, with the exception of the user with the ip address, "1.2.3.*,!"
Directory Aliases
You can allow your FTP users to have access to multiple directories plus their home directory. Perhaps used to provide access to certain common files, or to allow one class of users access to a special set of files in a directory.
You do this by specifying an "alias directory" the user would see this as an additional directory, and if they change into that directory, they can access the files in real path associated with that alias.
 Alias Path
 / ~
 /files c:\installers
If user Bob logs in he will see the files in his home directory "/" and a directory listed as "files".
If you do provide access to other areas in the file system like this, make sure that there are appropiate files protection rules in place, either in the operating system, or configured in SurgeFTP
Define home and alias directories accessible for this class of user
This table lets you define the translation between virtual paths and real disk paths. Each path can also have it's own read/write rules. Often you will give anonymous users write access to only one directory, and read access to other areas.
When defining aliases for a real user there are two common methods. One is to define the users root as their home directory:
 Alias Path
 / ~
This limits each user to access only their own files unless you add another alias to point to some common area, etc. The normal UNIX FTP servers behavior can be emulated with a primary alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 / /
This is translated for a user bob to this:
 Alias Path
 /home/bob /home/bob
 / /
which lets the user move to any directory on the system (assuming they have access to those files as a user).
One last useful option, if your users all have their directories under the /home tree, is to limit ftp users to that part of the file system like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 /home /home
The result being that bob gets /home/bob as their initial path, and they can move between any directory below the /home tree, and thus read other users' files (assuming the files are not protected from reading by the operating system).
As a final example, if you only want to allow a user to see their own files, but to see directory specifications of the entire path, use a single alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
Limit: All directory names and file paths are limited to 200 characters. If this limitation is ever a real problem please let us know.
SSL Encryption
SSL Encryption, if available on this platform and can be set to disable, allow or require. There is also a global setting for this parameter, which must be set in order for the class specific setting to have any meaning. For more details on SSL see this web page.
Max bytes per second
This setting limits the speed at which data can be downloaded from the server. This is commonly used to prevent all of your bandwidth from being used by a single or a few customers downloading huge files. The daily limit below is often more useful as it prevents abuse but doesn't slow everyone down in the process.
Daily download limit per IP address
This limits each user (or unique IP address) to a certain number of megabytes of downloads per day. This is ideal for preventing abuse. Often a single user will mistakenly download every file from your server, or repeatedly download the same file all day long, and this could cost you real money. This limit stops such abuse (intentional or accidental) without stopping your real users/customers.
Idle connection timeout
After the specified number of minutes, the server will terminate an idle link to recover lost resources and prevent dead links from using up all your spare channels. However, many other FTP servers have this idle limit set so low it is simply annoying.
Max concurrent users connected
This limit applies to all users in this virtual domain, and is good for limiting the total resource that can be used by this domain. This also prevents some denial of service attacks.
Files that cannot be retrieved
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It is possible to accidentally give read access to a directory containing a password file or some other'secret' information. As a precaution you can list the names of such files here, and, even if the user can download other files from the same directory, the server will prevent them from fetching these secret files. Typically on unix this should be set to ".netrc,password"
Files that cannot be stored locally (uploaded)
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It can prevent users from uploading files of specific types.
Root path for users (~ translation uses this)
In the aliases for this domain you can use ~ to indicate the home directory of the user that has logged in. So if the root path for users is /home, the alias specified ~/upload, and the current logged in user is 'bob', the resulting path would be /home/bob/upload
Hashing of users home directory
This setting lets you access existing hashed directories, or lets you specify a hashing method for an optimised directory structure. The setting is a string, combinations of these three characters "f", "o" and "/".
Use "f" for the first letter of the users name.
Use "o" for the next letter of the users name (if there is a next letter).
Use "/" for a directory separator.
The string used, is converted and inserted after the "Root path for users" and before the users name. This setting only works when the Root path for users (above) is set.
 Root path for users "d:\ftphome\"
 hashing string "f/o"
 user "bob" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\o\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\l\blackadder
 Root path for users "m:\home\"
 hashing string "fo"
 user "bob" logs into path m:\home\bo\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path m:\ome\bl\blackadder
Limit connections per ip (1-n)
This limits the concurrent users per IP address connected to the server. This is useful to prevent abuse from FTP clients that open multiple connections to get more than their share of bandwidth to your system. Often this stems from people using speed throttling FTP servers instead of limiting the MB downloads per day as you can do with this server. If your server really is heavily used, this setting allows you to prevent this kind of sneaky abuse/cheating.
Passive mode IP Address (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When using an FTP server through a NAT fire wall, this setting allows you to tell the server to give the NAT gateways 'IP' address instead of its own to users connecting from outside. This is done by creating a class that only external users use. You will also need to specify a passive IP port, and map those ports from the NAT firewall into the FTP server ports.
Passive mode starting IP port number (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When the FTP server wants to listen on a port, it will start at this number and increment the port until it finds a free port. You should map this same range of ports from the NAT gateway into the FTP server. Typically, a range of 50-100 will be sufficient, roughly how many concurrent users you expect.
Impersonate users when accessing files
This is an NT specific setting. This setting has 'odd' effects regarding mapping of network drives, etc. Usually on NT it is best turned off.
Allow 'FTP PROXY' 3 way transfers
If enabled, this allows an FTP client to transfer files between two FTP servers. This can be very efficient and quite neat. However, it can also be a security problem as it allows a hacker to send files from your system to someone elses system. This can make it very difficult to track down the hacker.
Also, this is very rarely used in the real world. More commonly, when this is attempted it is actually caused by a mis-configured NAT TCPIP router, and the user will simply not get the file they are requesting. By disabling this feature, the user gets a clear error message telling them to use passive mode to transfer files.
Hide real directory information
Some people believe that


Skip to definition.
Noun: package pa-kij
 1. A collection of things wrapped or boxed together
 - bundle, packet, parcel
 2. A box or collection of items wrapped for shipment
 - parcel
 - software, software program, computer software, software system, software package
Verb: package pa-kij
 1. Put into a box
 "package the gift, please";
 - box
 2. Sell different items together as a single product
 - bundle
Derived forms: packages, packaged, packaging
Type of: accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, case, code, collection, computer code, container, encase, incase
Encyclopedia: Package


text:
News From the Field
Predicting If Scientists Will Be Stars
September 12, 2012
Will a young scientist's career be brilliant or ordinary? Now there's a crystal ball in the form of a new formula that accurately predicts a young scientist's success up to 10 years into the future and could be useful for hiring, tenure and funding decisions. The new formula is more than twice as accurate as a measure called the "h index" for predicting future success for researchers in the life sciences.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: _URL_
NSF News: _URL_
For the News Media: _URL_
Science and Engineering Statistics: _URL_
Awards Searches: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Illustrated Family Record (Fraktur) Found in Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant Application File W3079, for Philip Frey, Pennsylvania
During the American Revolution, the Continental Congress passed laws promising pensions or grants of government-owned land to officers and soldiers who served in the war, as well as to the survivors of those killed. This illustrated family record in the German Fraktur script, hand-colored with large birds, is a birth and baptismal document submitted as part of the application for a pension by Anna Margaretha Kolb, wife of Revolutionary War veteran Philip Frey. From Pennsylvania, Frey served between April 1776 and January 1778. He fought in the battles at Long...


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PowerPivot and Pivot Table are the same and also different. The way they are managed is the same but the data sources are different. PowerPivot has it's own working area to manage the data source while Pivot Table usually use data stored in an Excel worksheet.
To create a "Pivot Table" using the PowerPivot function, you have to use the Pivot Table icon in the POWERPIVOT ribbon.
To create a normal Pivot Table in Excel, you have to use the Pivot Table icon in the INSERT ribbon.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If you have an LXP region that you wish to iterate more than once, the tag exists for this purpose. It requires at least a start attribute, and either an end or endbefore attribute. Each attribute should be given a numeric value.
The start attribute defines a whole integer value to begin the loop iteration with. That value initializes an iteration count, which will be incremented by 1 for each iteration of the loop. If the end attribute is defined, the loop will stop iterating after the iteration count has looped through the number specified by end. Alternatively, if the endbefore attribute is defined, the loop will stop one iteration earlier. Using end and endbefore is respectively equivalent to using the <= and < operators in a programming language such as PHP or C.
While iterating, a special LXP object called for maintains a value called count, which stores the value of the current loop's iteration count. Example 13-19 demonstrates a simple for loop that will iterate from 1 to 5.
Example 13-19. A simple loop
 Iterating loop:
Here is the output from this loop, when processed by LXP:
Iterating loop: 1 Iterating loop: 2 Iterating loop: 3 Iterating loop: 4 Iterating loop: 5
The loop iterator can be invaluable when dealing with arrays of values that you need to return by using LXP. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, if a variable is defined with trailing square-brackets (), it will be implicitly given an offset by LXP for each value found with that name. LXP will also create an object variable of the same name, but without square-brackets, with two attributes: size and last. The size value (e.g., my_array.size) stores the number of elements in the implicitly defined array, while the last value (e.g. my_array.last) stores the offset of the last value.
Example 13-20 demonstrates the handling of a passed variable called my_array.
Example 13-20. Handling array results with
 Here is the value of my_array, at offset :
Notice that the at sign (@) for the my_array object is only used where its variable value is desired, rather than its name. Thus, it is omitted in the tag, since the name attribute expects a literal variable name, and not the variable's value.
If you manually assign index offsets to variables in a form (e.g., my_array, my_array) rather than creating an implied array (e.g., my_array), LXP will not set the size and last values for such an array of values.


text:
STARR RANCH GROWERS CANNING TIPS FOR WHOLE CHERRIES
SWEET OR TART VARIETIES
- It will take approximately two to two-and-a-half pounds of cherries for each quart of fruit desired to can.
- Wash and stem cherries. Remove pits if desired or can with pits in.
- Cherries may be canned in water, sugar syrup, or juice such as apple or white grape.
- The easiest way to can cherries is raw pack. Pack cherries tightly in sterilized jars to a half-inch from top. Add hot liquid to jar leaving a half-inch headspace.
- Remove air bubbles with a plastic knife, wipe rim with clean cloth and adjust the lid. Process in a boiling water canner – pints and quarts for approximately 25 minutes.
- Label jars with a pack date once they have completely cooled. Also refer to canning procedures in your favorite canning guide.
OVERVIEW | DRYING | FREEZING | JAMS


Pillars of assessment paper | Psychology homework help
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In this assignment, you will be examining the relationship between Sattler's pillars of assessment and how they apply to professional practice.
Imagine that you are working as a psychologist. Develop a scenario where you might see a client for testing. The testing may be forensic, educational, clinical, or occupational.
Part A: Using Sattler's pillars of assessment, explain how you would proceed with the testing process.
Part B: Identify at least three ethical guidelines that you will need to consider in the assessment process and give a specific example for each of these issues (such as confidentiality, informed consent, competency, etc.).
Your paper must also:
Be a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 8 full pages, size 12 font, double spaced with 1 inch margins, NOT including the Title and References pages.
 Be in APA format, including a title page and reference page.
Be proofread and contain few to no grammar errors, misspellings, or typographical errors.
Incorporate a minimum of three supportive scholarly citations and references to support content and conclusions.


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The process of constructing the hotel results in increased runoff due to the clearance of vegetation to accommodate it. The runoff might cause additional deposition of sediments along Athol Bay, causing a modification of the shoreline. This alteration of the shoreline might lead to changes in current and water circulation in the harbour area. As a result, the sediment transport and the distribution pattern of the immediate harbour area, or indeed the entire Sydney harbour, will be negatively impacted upon because of the hotel construction.
The identified problems would have serious implications on the sea because of water pollution. This pollution would occur during the construction stage and later when the facilities are in operation. In the construction phase, pollutants like chemical waste would be released into the sea.
When the construction is complete, the marina and hotel will increase the traffic of yachts near the Taronga Zoo wharf. Yachts pose a significant threat to the sea since they might lead to extensive oil pollution in the event of an oil spill. In addition to this, the harbour will be affected by the use of seawater for heating and cooling purposes by the hotel.
The hotel will require a drainage system and a sewage treatment facility in the harbour. The pipes for these systems will run through the harbour and it is likely that an organism build-up might occur on the pipes. To deal with this, bleach will be introduced into the water to kill the organism, an action that will cause further pollution on the harbour. It is therefore evident that the construction of the marina and hotel will have a negative environmental impact on the harbour.
Impact on Flora and Fauna
Taronga stands out as a native forest endowed with some ornamental landmark plants. The site bears the indigenous smooth-barked apple tree, which characterized the eastern Athol Bay.
The distinctive flora and fauna found around the Athol Bay are likely to be damaged when trees are cleared in the construction phase. This is of concern since damage to the indigenous flora and fauna might lead to the extinction of some native species. The pollution that will occur during construction and once the marina and hotel is operation will devastate marine life.
It is important to try to assess the impact associated with a construction project and one tool to assist in this task is the Leopold matrix, which is a checklist and summary of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the construction project. The matrices provided are appropriate for EIA activities since they link specific actions in the project to a particular environmental aspect.
The Leopold Matrix was developed in the late 1960s by Leopold and his associates. The matrix was an evaluation procedure for landscape aesthetic and it served as the first systematic methodologies in the EIA field that reflected the fact that impacts result from the interaction of development activities and the environment.
Leopold's procedure is based on a large matrix of horizontal and vertical axis. There are 100 columns and 88 rows in the horizontal and vertical axis respectively with the horizontal axis representing activities that have environmental impacts while the vertical axis represent environmental quality variables such as physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and ecological.
Each identified effect is measured on a magnitude scale of 1-10; where 1 is the minimum and 10 the maximum. The matrix is an interaction matrix since each cell is divided by a diagonal line. The numerical value of the magnitude and importance of the impact is inputted in the relevant half of the cell.


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Tiberium, known as Ichor to the Scrin, is a fictional substance that is central to the plot of much of the Command & Conquer series of real-time strategy computer games. Within each title set in the Tiberium story arc (Tiberian Dawn, Tiberian Sun, Renegade, Tiberium Wars, Tiberian Twilight, and their expansion packs), the Tiberium crystals represent both the tools and spoils of war and are used by players to purchase new units and buildings, with each of the series' factions either directly or indirectly battling for control over the crystals. Tiberium has extraterrestrial origins and comes in a variety of forms, mostly the common green crystal but also the more rare blue crystals, the extremely rare red crystals, and in "veins". It was also demonstrated in a liquid form by the time of Tiberium Wars. Parts of the chemical composition of tiberium remain unknown.
Tiberium is presented as a double-edged sword within the context of the story arc of the respective video games. While it is the greatest mineral resource ever encountered, conveniently gathering many potent elements into an easily harvestable form, it also brings with it considerable hazards: areas rich with the rapidly spreading Tiberium substance are eventually exhausted of their native ecosystems, and become too toxic to support normal carbon-based life. In the context of the gameplay, Tiberium can also be seen this way with its obvious tactical advantage as a resource, and its destructive effect on infantry, sometimes transmuting them into destructive "Visceroids".
Tiberium is a commodity, with everything that one builds in the game costing Tiberium-based credits. It can appear anywhere on Earth, but spreads much more slowly in areas of extreme cold climate. In Tiberian Dawn and Tiberian Sun, it will spread very slowly in-game but primarily comes from special Tiberium-generating Blossom Trees, infested trees that release Tiberium spores into the air; in Tiberium Wars, these trees are replaced by Tiberium Fissures in the Earth's crust, and Tiberium will not spread outside a certain radius of these fissures.
The substance is named as such because it was first discovered near the river Tiber in Italy. Kane, who claims it was in fact the Brotherhood who first discovered Tiberium, states that he himself named it after Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus.
Tiberium was first introduced in the original 1995 Command & Conquer game to replace the "spice" from Dune II as the mined resource for building and expanding, and was inspired by the 1957 B-movie "The Monolith Monsters". According to Westwood Studios co-founder Louis Castle "It solved one of the fundamental problems we had with making an RTS, which was that we wanted to have a central resource that everybody was fighting over. Dune has spice, which made perfect sense — and it was also used when we came to the idea of Tiberium. It became the anchor of the C&C universe because people were arguing over a limited resource that represented wealth and power".
In Tiberian Dawn, Tiberium is said to be composed of 42.5% phosphorus, 32.5% iron, 15.25% calcium, 5.75% copper, 2.5% silica, and 1.5% unknown substances. Its gaseous emissions are composed of 22% methane, 19% sulfur, 12% naphthalene, 10% argon, 6% isobutane, 2% xylene, and 29% unknown gases.
For the development of Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars, Electronic Arts decided to radically alter its composition, and commissioned scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to provide a white paper describing the biophysics of Tiberium, its atomic structure, its method of transmutation, the form of the radiation that it emits, and the way to harness it for powering machinery and weapons—giving it the same treatment as would be suitable for a scientific journal article on a real substance.
Mike Verdu, executive producer for Electronic Arts, gives the following scientific analysis of Tiberium from the perspective of the game universe:
Tiberium is a dense "dynamic proton lattice" held together by exotic heavy particles. When Tiberium comes into contact with other matter, the heavy particles randomly collide with the nuclei of the target matter, smashing it to pieces (in the case of smaller nuclei) or incrementally knocking off protons or neutrons (in the case of heavier nuclei). Tiberium captures a fraction of the protons that are ejected during this collision process and incorporates them into its own structure, thus transmuting matter into more Tiberium. Whenever one of the heavy particles—a muon or tauon—collides with an atomic nucleus, fission occurs, which results in the production of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation as well as other forms of electromagnetic radiation (like infra-red). During the transmutation process, nuclei that Tiberium has come into contact with may be changed into nuclei with different (usually fewer) numbers of protons or neutrons.— Mike Verdu, Living with Tiberium
Verdu describes Tiberium as being at the center of the fictional C&C universe as well: "This enigmatic crystal is at the core of our gameplay as well as our fiction. [...] Tiberium is our Force, our Spice, our One Ring, and our Matrix. Everything in our game world is defined by its relationship to Tiberium."
In the game universe, Tiberium crystals proliferate in a number of different ways. In the simplest and most common way, a tiberium "pod" will send out "roots", which create more pods. Tiberium also spreads by infecting trees and mutating them into so-called "Blossom Trees", which seed the substance across large areas of land. Destroying a Harvester, Refinery, Cyborg, Tiberium Spike, or other Tiberium-containing unit or building can cause a small amount of tiberium to be released. In Tiberium Wars, it spreads by growing out of the ground from Tiberium fissures within the Earth's crust. Verdu describes these Tiberium concentrations as "oddly beautiful fields of green crystal that [kill] everything around them". The substance is radioactive and is extremely toxic to carbon-based life, causing either death or severe genetic mutations in plants, humans and animals alike. It replicates by converting everything around it into more Tiberium either through oddly directed mutation of plantlife, or through direct assimilation of other substances on the atomic level, through this gradually covering the whole surface of the Earth. It gives off radiation, which in the game universe is harnessed both for energy and as a weapon. In Verdu's words it is both "a gift and a curse — a resource and a plague".
Tiberium is extraterrestrial in origin and was introduced to the world through a meteorite impact near the Tiber river in Italy, in the year 1995. Exposure of human beings to Tiberium, which can be through touch or inhalation, either results in death or extreme mutation, the mechanism (or purpose) for the latter not being revealed in the game. Part of the game storyline comprises scientific speculation that an alien species is using Tiberium to terraform Earth to its own requirements. This speculation is borne out in Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars, when the alien force known as the Scrin arrive at Earth to mass-harvest Tiberium (which they name Ichor).
This effect on both humans and materials has consequences for harvesting. Unprotected infantry passing through a Tiberium deposit are at risk, both from direct exposure to Tiberium itself and thus conversion into Tiberium and from secondary radiation burns and radiation poisoning as others are contaminated and converted around them. Soldiers, tanks, and other vehicles in Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars thus have protective shielding against Tiberium. However, this shielding is imperfect, since it simply slows down the process of conversion, it being based upon the fact that some materials take longer for Tiberium to convert than others (there are other shields against Tiberium. "Sonic resonators", devices that emit sound at particular frequencies, stop the spread of Tiberium and are used to ensure that Tiberium deposits there are contained). Partial contamination of a human, which can occur within 20 seconds, requires immediate treatment in properly equipped medical facilities.
What happens if you're exposed to Tiberium? Nothing good. If you come into direct contact with Tiberium, the green matter will start to fuse with your skin within about 20 seconds. You'll feel an intense burning sensation, similar to touching a hot pan or spilling acid on your skin. A full blown infection will manifest if you aren't treated immediately. Your flesh will begin to take on a glassy-greenish appearance as it begins to crystallize; eventually your internal organs will shut down as Tiberium extends rigid crystalline runners throughout your body. If you breathe in the crystal, then it will become embedded in your lungs. You'll lose the ability to process oxygen as your lung tissue crystallizes. Eventually you'll start coughing up blood and will hemorrhage to death.— Mike Verdu, Living with Tiberium
Tiberium, is, in Verdu's words, a "simple" and an "elegant" piece of game design. It is a resource that drives both the overall storyline and the economy of actual gameplay. Its several properties, including the tradeoff


text:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL CONTACT RESISTANCE OF NEEDLE-PUNCHED C/C-SIC COMPOSITES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
In this study, thermal contact resistance (TCR) of needle-punched C/C-SiC composites under different conditions (temperature, pressure) is experimentally measured by a three-element system. The "three-element system" refers to a thermal conductivity measurement facility, a surface roughness measurement microscope and a one-D heat conduction system. Details of the three elements and the measurement process are described. Under the measurement conditions, the values of TCR of the needle-punched C/C-SiC composites are within the range of 0.00005 to 0.000275 K·m2·W-1. Generally speaking the TCR increases with interface temperature when it is lower than about 220° and decreases with loading pressure monotonically. Four variation curves of TCR are presented.


text:
the Massachusetts Historical Society, the work of editing and publishing this unparalleled private collection of 300,000 manuscript pages of diaries, letters and other writings, will be carried on under the joint auspices of the Society, the Adams Manuscript Trust, Harvard University and Life, Lyman H. Butterfield, director of the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., who was associate editor of the Thomas Jefferson papers from 1946 to 1951, will serve as editor-in-chief.
The collection, of which less than one-third has been published, covers four complete diaries of John Adams, John Quincy Adams and two Charles Francis Adamses, dealing with subjects, according to Mr. Butterfield, "as far apart as the campaigns of the French and Indian War and the political parties of the Garfield-Cleveland era, and with the whole vast sweep of American life in between."
Thomas Boylston Adams and John Quincy Adams, the present trustees of the Adams Manuscript Trust which was formed in 1905 to run for forty years, made the decision to open the record. They plan to give the papers to the Massachusetts Historical Society and the complete collection will be placed on microfilm and made available to scholars in major research libraries throughout the country.


Filing for estate tax returns in Lombard could present challenges you might not be readily prepared to tackle. Instead of frustratingly trying to solve unnecessary problems, you need to let an attorney help. Competent attorneys could file the paperwork you need and guide you through estate management processes.
Estate Tax Returns in Lombard Explained
An estate tax return is the IRS Form 706, and then there is a corresponding form for the estate. Essentially, it is a tax return that describes the gross estate, then there would be certain deductions that are allowed, and then it would wind up with the net taxable estate. If there is not a taxable estate, then it describes essentially what taxes are owed, and whether it is to the estate or the IRS.
Estate tax returns are generally due nine months after the date of death. There is a process whereby a six-month extension can be obtained, but the general deadline is nine months after the date of death.
Assets Included in an Estate Tax Return
The assets included in Lombard estate tax returns are basically every single thing that a person owned when they died. This also includes proceeds that are commonly thought of as non-probate assets, so grant, or trust assets, life insurance, retirement accounts, beneficiary accounts, payable on death accounts, and everything that was in the decedent's name when they died. That also includes the value of land, the value of small businesses, the value of partnerships, stocks, bonds, cash, and all over assets of the decedent.
What some people do not realize is again, it takes into account non-probate assets. Even though they might have a large life insurance policy that is payable directly to a beneficiary, the value of those policies are still going to count for the estate tax return purposes.
How Assets are Valued
Usually, the value of the assets is as of the date of death. People could apply for an alternative tax evaluation, but most of the time, the evaluation date is as of the date of death. In the case of land, people may need to attach appraisals to their estate tax return. In the case of businesses, those businesses need to be evaluated, and then the professional valuation also attached to the estate tax return. The executor of the estate also has the ability to make an election to use an alternate valuation date, which is basically the value of the assets six months after the decedent's death. There could be different advantages or disadvantages with respect to making that alternate valuation date, so it is important to consult with a lawyer and an accountant as to what the benefits or the cons might be into making that election.
Additional Documents Needed
The documents that need to be submitted with an estate tax return in Lombard include valuation documents as to businesses and land and a 1099 with respect to the value of income and other accounts. Another aspect of estate tax returns is certain deductions, and those deductions include things like attorney's fees. Attorney fee bills and similar documents should be submitted along with an estate tax return.
Tax Returns Personal Representatives May Need to File
Personal representatives are responsible for the final year tax return of the decedent's life. If a decedent passed away in 2019, then the executor or administrator would need to file their final personal income tax return for 2019. It basically covers any income that they have made between the first of the year and their date of death, and then the personal representative is also required to file estate tax returns for the estate itself.
The estate is a separate entity than the person who passed away. If they are doing that personal income tax return, they would basically be filing the return on behalf of the individual, they would be using their Social Security Number, and they would be signing it as representative of the estate. After the date of death, the estate becomes essentially a separate entity, so there is a separate tax identification or EIN that is obtained for the estate that is in the name of the estate. After the date of death going forward, if there is a need, then the estate tax return is filed by the personal representative.
Generally, if there is income to an estate of $600 or less, then there is no requirement to file a tax return on behalf of the estate. If income is greater than $600, then there needs to be a return filed on behalf of the estate, and that is Form 1041, and the representative needs to do that basically every year that the estate is open. If it takes four years for the estate to close, and if it meets the other requirements, like the $600 mark, then the estate return needs to be filed those for four different years.
That is different than an estate tax return, Form 706, which is about all the assets that a decedent had while they were alive. The tax return for the estate, Form 1041, is for the income that accrues to the estate while it is still open. This is entirely separate EIN and tax identification number.
Let an Attorney Help With Estate Tax Returns
Navigating the legal waters of trusts and estates law is something not everyone is familiar with. To better your odds for success, you need to consider working with an attorney familiar with estate tax returns in Lombard. Reach out to a competent attorney today.


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|DONALD JACOBS, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1116, USA|
|Graph rigidity: applications to material science and proteins|
The mechanical stability of network glasses and proteins can be effectively studied by modeling the microstructure as a generic bar-joint framework. Graph rigidity for bar-joint frameworks in two dimensions is completely characterized by Laman's theorem. Recently, an efficient algorithm has been constructed to study generic rigidity percolation in two dimensions. The desire to construct a similar algorithm in three dimensions is impeded by the lack of an analogous theorem. It has been proposed that an all subgraph constraint counting characterization of generic rigidity is recovered in three-dimensional bar-joint networks having no implied hinge joints. Based on this proposition, an efficient combinatorial algorithm has been constructed for bond-bending networks, which have no implied-hinge joints. Complete agreement is found with exact calculations involving diagonalization of dynamical matrices, for systems up to 1000degrees of freedom.
1. G. Laman, J. Engrg. Math. 4(1970), 331. 2. D.J. Jacobs and B. Hendrickson, J. Comput. Phys. 137(1997), 346.
3. D.J. Jacobs, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 31(1998), 6653.


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- Find Attorney
Diagnosis related group (DRG) is a patient classification system adopted on the basis of diagnosis consisting of distinct groupings. It is a scheme that provides a means for relating the type of patients a hospital treats with the costs incurred by the hospital. DRG are based upon the patient's principal diagnosis, ICD diagnoses, gender, age, sex, treatment procedure, discharge status, and the presence of complications or comorbidities.
It is a system developed for Medicare as part of the prospective payment system that utilizes a predetermined rate per case or type of discharge. DRGs have been used in the US in inpatient hospital discharge and the emergency department encounter query modules since 1983 to determine how much medicare pays the hospital, since patients within each category are similar clinically and some groups of patients having common demographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic attributes use the same level of hospital resources.


What is Thermocouple Compensation Wire?
What is Thermocouple Wire?
Wire that is used in a thermocouple from the point of sensing to the point of cold junction compensation (cjc end) where the signal is measured. A thermocouple is a sensor for measuring temperature, which consists of two dissimilar metals that are joined together at the sensing end.
Different thermocouple types (e.g. J, K, T, E, etc) use different mixtures of metals in the wire. At the cjc end, the millivolt value provided by the thermocouple represents the difference in temperature of the sensing end as compared to the cjc end (also called the reference end).
What is the difference between Thermocouple grade and Extension grade wire?
Thermocouple grade wire is wire that is used to make the sensing point (or probe part) of the thermocouple. Extension grade wire is only used to extend a thermocouple signal from a probe back to the instrument reading the signal. The extension grade wire typically will have a lower ambient temperature limit in which the wire may be used.
Namely, it may pass a signal representing a higher temperature as received from the probe, but the wire physically may not be exposed to higher temperatures. Thermocouple wire may be used as extension wire, but extension grade wire may not be used in the sensing point (or probe part) of the thermocouple. Part numbers for extension wire typically begin with an "EX" prefix.


Diseñador:Ron Giland
Ron Gilad's new collection of furnishings, Grado°, underlines the designer's interest in basic geometric shapes. Tables large and small, wardrobes, bookcases, mirrors and shelves play conceptually and materially with revolutionary lements, thereby becoming objects that fascinate and capture our imagination. Surfaces are rotated and rounded off; the wooden and glass tables and the bookcases, in particular, create a shift that moves from an angle of 90° to one of 45° without corners; a cube is extracted from its volume, leaving a void emphasized by a mark of red paint. Red shelvespenetrate the wall with a passionate gesture that throws our perception of walls and shelves into doubt. The use of primary colors such as red, yellow and blue reiterates the basic shapes that characterize the collection. Grado° concludes with the small Panna Cotta table, at once delicate and heavy, a paradox in the use of materials such as marble and iron to achieve a fragile stability; 60°/ console and 35°/ tavolino "open box" table, of which we can only see the contours.
Elements of pure light that appear to suggest hidden treasures.
Compaso d'oro ADI


KARATAY DIET >Karatay: Insulin resistance reason behind uncontrolled weight gain
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 According to Dr. Canan Karatay, the reason behind uncontrolled weight gain is insulin resistance, which is a direct result of the constant circulation of leptin and insulin in the bloodstream. The constant circulation of these hormones is in turn due to frequent eating, which is advised by a majority of diets for weight loss.
 "Every time we eat our blood sugar level rises, and this triggers the rise of insulin in the blood. As long as we have the habit of eating frequently, we will maintain high insulin levels. Insulin works to store excess blood sugar as triglycerides (fat), and a constant high level of insulin in the blood means constant storage of fat in the liver. Therefore, it is highly improbable that we will lose weight as long as we continue to eat frequently. This is the reason why those following a diet that recommends frequent eating quickly gain back the weight they lose after they quit the diet," Karatay says in her book.
 Karatay advises consuming low glycemic index (GI) foods at long intervals. The glycemic index is calculated according to the amount of carbohydrates a food contains. High carbohydrate foods push up insulin levels, while low carbohydrate foods do not. In short, a "low GI" food is a low-carbohydrate food. While high sugar levels in the blood cause the release of insulin, low blood-sugar levels cause the release of leptin. This hormone works to convert triglycerides into blood sugar to provide immediate fuel for the body, or in other words it helps to burn body fat. The Karatay diet recommends low-carbohydrate foods such as proteins to keep leptin levels high.
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Food Rescue Client Survey Guide
A core aim of NRDC's work in the food rescue space is ensuring that the voices of those who seek food assistance are integral to community dialogue about the future of a city's food rescue system. One of many potential strategies for engaging food assistance clients is to conduct periodic surveys seeking feedback on issues like satisfaction with the quality and cultural appropriateness of the food offered, barriers to accessing food support, and suggestions for making the city's food rescue system more nimble, responsive, and reflective of community aspirations. Surveys can be a useful complement to other types of client participation by providing a vehicle to gather significant amounts of qualitative data from large numbers of individuals.
As part of the Food Matters project, NRDC engaged local consultants to design and conduct surveys of food rescue clients (also known as end-users) in Baltimore and Denver. More than 1,000 individuals participated in each of the surveys. In addition to the lessons learned that we discuss below, this guide includes:
- The survey instrument used in Baltimore
- A sample consultant scope of work
- Guidance for volunteers administering the survey
- The results of the Baltimore survey
- The results of the Denver survey (included in Strengthening Denver's Food Rescue Ecosystem Report)
Strategies we found helpful
NRDC engaged local organizations in Baltimore and Denver to conduct intercept surveys with food rescue clients. Below we highlight a variety of strategies used to design the survey instrument, select survey sites, and administer the survey that we believe contributed to the success of the process. These draw primarily on our experience in Baltimore, where we hired the Maryland Food Bank (MFB) to develop and conduct the client survey. In Denver, we provided a stipend to Hunger Free Colorado to conduct supplemental surveys on our behalf, building on a survey tool and process the organization already had in place.
1. Designing the Survey
- Be sensitive to the length of the survey, and make it as simple as possible. In Baltimore, we designed a survey instrument that could be completed by clients in roughly five to ten minutes. We found this length to be workable for clients and volunteers while providing data on a robust array of issues. In trimming the survey down to that length, we had to cut out a number of lower-priority questions and make sure that the wording and format of the questions were as straightforward as possible to save time and avoid confusion.
- In developing survey questions, consider having survey design specialists review your survey instrument to ensure that it does not introduce undue bias or steer respondents toward particular answers. Including "Does not apply" as an answer choice was particularly helpful in the Baltimore survey as, for example, we asked about the distance traveled and mode of transportation used by clients although some of the survey sites were retirement communities where clients were not traveling to obtain food. Academicians at area colleges can be particularly helpful in shaping an appropriate survey instrument. Please see our Baltimore survey instrument for ideas.
- Test your survey before administering it widely. Before launching the survey process in Baltimore, MFB conducted a test run of the instrument. We asked a focus group, consisting of MFB staff and volunteers, to take the survey and offer feedback. Then we conducted the survey at a local food pantry and collected client feedback there as well. This type of test run is critical for ensuring that any glitches are identified and corrected at the very outset.
- Anticipate the need to translate materials. Your survey instrument and volunteer protocols may need to be translated into languages other than English to reflect the demographics of the community.
- Respect clients' privacy. The survey instruments we used did not ask for any personal identifying information from respondents out of respect for privacy concerns, particularly among populations that may have concerns about immigration status.
- Take advantage of software to keep track of your results. In Baltimore, we used Survey Monkey to track results and it worked well for our purposes. We needed a premium version of Survey Monkey to accommodate the large number of survey responses.
- Capture data in a way that enables analysis. Survey Monkey automatically provides charts summarizing survey data. However, for more sophisticated analysis the data must be exported and manipulated. MFB analyzed the data from Survey Monkey in Microsoft Excel. Mapping of food distribution sites was done using ArcGIS.
2. Selecting Survey Sites
In Baltimore, survey responses were gathered at 29 food distribution sites in 17 neighborhoods. We took a range of factors into account during the site selection process, including:
- The demographic features of potential locations, including racial and ethnic attributes, household income, unemployment rates, prevalence of food insecurity, and others.
- The geographic distribution of locations across the city.
- The capacity of the food distribution site to provide space to conduct the survey on-site, and the staff's responsiveness to the request to participate.
- The type of site (e.g., pantry, mobile pantry, on-site feeding locations, senior-focused locations, K–12 locations, sites that were part of MFB's pantry network and those that were not, etc.).
- The type of distribution model (client choice, pre-bagged approach, or a combination of the two).
When constructing your project schedule, allow plenty of time to secure the cooperation of the survey sites. Many pantries and soup kitchens have limited staffing and hours of operation and can be very hard to reach. In Baltimore it took as long as several weeks to secure organizations' participation.
3. Administering the Survey
- To reach 1,000 clients over a 10-week period, MFB recruited 32 volunteers to administer the survey. They included people from MFB's staff and volunteer program, as well as students from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All volunteers were given an orientation and trained by MFB's volunteer program manager on technical aspects of the survey process (e.g., how to use mobile hot spots, Chromebook tablets, and Survey Monkey; how to distribute/track gift cards) and interpersonal skills (e.g., how to interact with clients). The use of a centrally managed pool of volunteers was critical, as many food distribution sites would not have had the capacity to conduct the survey themselves.
- The food bank prepared "survey kits" for volunteers to sign out. They included Chromebooks, styluses, mobile hot spots, paper copies of the survey, and pens, as well as volunteer guidance and a script to be used once the volunteer was on site (see Volunteer Guidance resource).
- All surveys were administered at food distribution sites during times when clients were picking up or eating food (e.g., at soup kitchens). The survey team would usually set up 30 to 60 minutes before clients began to arrive.
- At each site where surveys were conducted, at least one MFB staff member and one volunteer were present.
- MFB purchased three Chromebooks to conduct the survey electronically. However, with only three Chromebooks available, volunteers could survey only three clients at a time, significantly slowing the process. To address this, volunteers switched from using Chromebooks to paper surveys. Clients were given a paper copy of the survey, a clipboard, and a pen and were asked to complete the survey by hand. While using Chromebooks initially appeared to be more time efficient, using paper copies allowed volunteers to survey many more clients at a time. After finishing the survey work at a given location, volunteers input the data from each paper survey into Survey Monkey.
- If literacy challenges arose, a volunteer read the survey out loud to the client and recorded the responses in writing.
- Volunteers who were able to conduct the survey verbally in Spanish were available as needed.
- Clients typically completed the survey while waiting to receive food. This proved more effective than asking clients to participate as they left the food distribution site.
- Clients who completed the survey received a $5 gift card to a local retailer to compensate them for their valuable time and perspective. Before giving the client the gift card, the volunteer checked the survey for completeness. This quality check was very important as clients would sometimes rush through the survey and miss entire pages or skip some questions. We found that taking a moment to review the survey with the client improved the quality and completeness of responses. It also reinforced to the client how important his or her opinion was.
- It is important to have a protocol in place to ensure that each client is surveyed only once. The Maryland Food Bank addressed this by visiting each survey site only once. Given the geographic diversity of the sites, this reduced the risk of multiple responses from the same client. In addition, MFB asked all potential survey respondents if they had taken the survey previously.
- Surveys were conducted in private if space at the food distribution site allowed. This was done out of respect for the client's dignity and privacy and had the added benefit of reducing distractions, thereby making the survey process faster and easier.


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Even if you're familiar with Microsoft PowerPoint, you might be surprised by the number and variety of keyboard shortcuts you can use to speed up your work and generally make things more convenient.
Now, does anyone expect you to memorize all these keyboard combos? Of course not! Everyone's needs are different, so some will be more useful to you than others. And even if you pick up a few new tricks, it's worth it. We've also tried to keep the list clean and simple, so go ahead and print it that helps!
Also, even though our list of shortcuts here is pretty long, it's by no means a complete list of every keyboard combo available in PowerPoint. We've tried to keep it to the more generally useful shortcuts. And, you'll be happy to know that almost all of these shortcuts have been around for a long time, so they should be helpful no matter what version of PowerPoint you're using.
Note: We present keyboard combos using the following convention. A plus means you should press those keys together. A comma means you should press keys in sequence. So, for example, "Ctrl+N" means to hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the N key and then release both keys. On the other hand, "Alt+N,P" means you should hold the Alt key down, press the N key, release the N key, press the P key, and then release all keys.
General Program Shortcuts
First, let's review some general keyboard shortcuts for opening, closing, and switching between presentations, as well as navigating the Ribbon.
- Ctrl+N: Create a new presentation
- Ctrl+O: Open an existing presentation
- Ctrl+S: Save a presentation
- F12 or Alt+F2: Open the Save As dialog box
- Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4: Close a presentation
- Ctrl+Q: Save and close a presentation
- Ctrl+Z: Undo an action
- Ctrl+Y: Redo an action
- Ctrl+F2: Print Preview View
- F1: Open the Help pane
- Alt+Q: Go to the "Tell me what you want to do" box
- F7: Check spelling
- Alt or F10: Turn key tips on or off
- Ctrl+F1: Show or hide the ribbon
- Ctrl+F: Search in a presentation or use Find and Replace
- Alt+F: Open the File tab menu
- Alt+H: Go to the Home tab
- Alt+N: Open the Insert tab
- Alt+G: Open the Design tab
- Alt+K: Go to the Transitions tab
- Alt+A: Go to the Animations tab
- Alt+S: Go to the Slide Show tab
- Alt+R: Go to the Review tab
- Alt+W: Go to View tab
- Alt+X: Go to the Add-ins tab
- Alt+Y: Go to the Help tab
- Ctrl+Tab: Switch between open presentations
Selecting and Navigating Text, Objects, and Slides
You can use keyboard shortcuts to navigate throughout your presentation easily. Try these shortcuts for quick and easy ways to select text within text boxes, objects on your slides, or slides in your presentation.
- Ctrl+A: Select all text in a text box, all objects on a slide, or all slides in a presentation (for the latter, click on a slide thumbnail first)
- Tab: Select or move to the next object on a slide
- Shift+Tab: Select or move to the previous object on a slide
- Home: Go to the first slide, or from within a text box, go to the beginning of the line
- End: Go to the last slide, or from within a text box, go to the end of the line
- PgDn: Go to the next slide
- PgUp: Go the previous slide
- Ctrl+Up/Down Arrow: Move a slide up or down in your presentation (click on a slide thumbnail first)
- Ctrl+Shift+Up/Down Arrow: Move a slide to the beginning or end of your presentation (click on a slide thumbnail first)
Formatting and Editing
The following keyboard shortcuts will save you time so you can edit and format in a snap!
- Ctrl+X: Cut selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
- Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Insert: Copy selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
- Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert: Paste selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
- Ctrl+Alt+V: Open the Paste Special dialog box
- Delete: Remove selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
- Ctrl+B: Add or remove bold to selected text
- Ctrl+I: Add or remove italics to selected text
- Ctrl+U: Add or remove underline to selected text
- Ctrl+E: Center a paragraph
- Ctrl+J: Justify a paragraph
- Ctrl+L: Left align a paragraph
- Ctrl+R: Right align a paragraph
- Ctrl+T: Open the Font dialog box when text or object is selected
- Alt+W,Q: Open the Zoom dialog box to change the zoom for the slide
- Alt+N,P: Insert a picture
- Alt+H,S,H: Insert a shape
- Alt+H,L: Select a slide layout
- Ctrl+K: Insert a hyperlink
- Ctrl+M: Insert a new slide
- Ctrl+D: Duplicate the selected object or slide (for the latter, click on a slide thumbnail first)
Helpful Slideshow Shortcuts
When you're ready to start a presentation, the following keyboard combos should come in handy.
- F5: Start the presentation from the beginning
- Shift+F5: Start the presentation from the current slide (this one is great when you want to test out how the slide your currently working on will look in your presentation)
- Ctrl+P: Annotate with the Pen tool during a slideshow
- N or Page Down: Advance to the next slide during a slideshow
- P or Page Up: Return to the previous slide during a slide show
- B: Change the screen to black during a slideshow; press B again to return to the slideshow
- Esc: End the slideshow
The more you use keyboard shortcuts, the easier they are to remember. And no one expects you to memorize all of them. Hopefully, you've found a few new ones you can use to make your life in Excel a little better.
Need more help with keyboard shortcuts? You can access Help anytime by pressing F1. This opens a Help pane and allows you to search for help on any topic. Search for "keyboard shortcuts" to learn more.


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Zynaptiq Unveil
Reverb Removal Plug-in For Mac & PC By Bill Lacey
Published February 2013
Zynaptiq Unveil.
Echo Location
There's more to Unveil, though, than just dropping it on a track and pressing a magic button. Before delving into its intricacies, it's worth considering what reverberation is. Perhaps because we are used to being able to apply it artificially, we often tend to think of reverb as being a singular entity. We add it, we take it away, we boost it, we lower it. Reverberation is really the result of a complex combination of factors: the shape and distance of surfaces, the acoustic properties of their materials, and so on. Unless you're sitting in an anechoic chamber (a room designed to be free of reflections), sound will bounce off the surfaces and be reflected back to the source. The reflections arrive back at the source at different times and amplitudes, but are generally too closely spaced to be perceived as individual echoes. Instead, they blend together perceptually in a way which defines for the listener the unique acoustic character of the physical space, and which gradually decays over time as the reflections progressively lose energy. When we look at Unveil, then, we need to consider what it has to deal with, and our expectations need to reasonable in accordance with the task at hand. Is our aim to remove all traces of reverb, or just some of it?
Technically, Unveil brings a fresh approach to the problem, not relying on gate/expanders, de-noising or phase-cancellation methods. Instead, it uses a "pattern recognition and proprietary de-mixing engine" to separate the reverb component — or 'background' signal — from the foreground component. It can operate in mono, stereo, or up to eight-channel surround if your CPU can handle the load. It is designed, in theory, to affect only those sounds that "do not appear to contribute a significant amount of information to the signal". Zynaptiq's documentation wisely says "reduce" rather than "remove", and this it can accomplish to varying degrees, depending on what you throw at it.
Getting Into Focus
This spectrogram shows the same dialogue file before (left) and after (right) processing with Unveil.This spectrogram shows the same dialogue file before (left) and after (right) processing with Unveil.
Unveil has a refreshingly unique interface that adds a few new items to your plug-in vocabulary. Thankfully, hovering the mouse over a control will reveal a small tool-tips window to explain the relevant operation. The most important, and the first, of a series of five spherical controls is labelled Focus. In essence, this controls the degree of reduction or boost in the amount of reverberation present in the signal. Higher values, towards the right side, remove reverb, while lower values attenuate the direct sound and increase the level of reverberation. Zynaptiq recommend having this set at its maximum when adjusting other parameters, so that the changes are more obvious, then backing it off until you achieve the effect you want.
If you're having trouble getting Unveil to 'lock in' on the reverberant sound, there is a bank of 10 sliders just above the Focus control labelled Focus Bias. These allow for more direct, frequency-specific targeting of the effect: set the Focus control to the centre so that the signal is unprocessed, and move the sliders to exaggerate or ignore frequency ranges where the reverb is more or less prominent.
Additional control parameters allow further refinement of the algorithm. To simplify, t/ƒ Localize helps manage 'pumping' artifacts or high-frequency oscillations, while t/ƒ Refract determines how much time the algorithm takes before reacting — the longer the time, the better the sound but the greater the chance of reverb slipping through — and t/ƒ Adaptation is used to tailor the analysis to match the release time of the reverb tail. Finally, the Presence control is used to restore lost high-frequency content. The Transient Threshold switch allows the user to specify that some transients should remain unprocessed, which can help retain impact. I/O Diff lets you audition a volume-compensated difference between the input and output signals, so you can hear what Unveil is 'throwing away', while the large display represents this difference visually, along with a representation of the Adaptation setting.
Lifting The Veil
I prepared a number of scenarios for testing Unveil: an on-camera interview recorded in a large garage with very reflective surfaces; an interview recorded using a camera-mounted mic; a mix with an absurd amount of artificial reverb applied to vocals and instruments; and a drum loop with too much live room sound mixed in.
Film and television location sound recording has been one area, in particular, that has been in need of an effective tool to reduce excessive reverberation. Both of my tests with dialogue were extreme examples of typical problems faced in location sound recording, and Unveil did a pretty good job of reducing excess reverberation in both scenarios. It also had a tendency to remove background environmental sound ("room tone"), though, and further tweaking was required to find the right balance. Anyone with experience in restoration knows that you often need to use more than one tool, and in this case using a tool such as CEDAR's DNS or Spectral Repair in conjunction with Unveil can yield a more satisfying result than pushing Unveil too hard on its own.
When using Unveil on a mix, there are a lot more variables to contend with, but I was able to reduce reverberation to make the mix sound more acceptable. It was necessary to employ a lighter touch in this situation. The drum loop was a little harder to work with than I anticipated. Finding the best balance between reducing reverb and preserving the transients on the hi-hat and ride cymbals took a little longer than expected. Taking the time to tweak the Focus Bias sliders made the difference.
Unveil is pretty effective at doing more than just reducing reverb. It's also relatively good at removing'mud' from recordings, and even at separating the reverb signal from the direct recording, which could be useful for up-mixing or game sound states. Unveil can boost or reduce high-frequency 'grit' in recordings, and match reverb amounts across different dialogue takes, and you can use it to move background sounds into and out of focus, to better match camera perspective.
Overall, Unveil is a worthy addition to any post-production sound kit and is unique in its ability to isolate reverb from the foreground signal, but it requires some understanding and practice to use properly. To that end, it comes supplied with a number of presets for specific situations that serve as good starting points. It's pretty CPU-intensive, and will no doubt stress all but the most powerful systems. In film and television applications, it may be more effective to adapt a strategy where users treat individual clips and print the results, rather than leaving it live on a multiple tracks and automating the parameters. High buffer settings in your DAW are a must!
The point at which Unveil appears to remove all reverb is the point at which the source starts to sound unnatural, lifeless and sometimes beset with processing artifacts, depending on the signal. Overdoing it with Unveil may produce results not unlike the improper use of noise-reduction software, and it's not all that difficult to make something sound worse than when you started — but sensible application, especially in conjunction with other tools, can yield exceptional results. My only worry is that once film and television directors discover how it can bail them out, best recording practices may be abandoned on location and we'll have even worse audio to contend with!
 - Very effective at isolating reverb for manipulation.
 - Has some useful creative applications in addition to its main function.
 - Easy-to-use interface with helpful visual feedback.
 - Modestly priced.
 - Can take to time to master.
 - Heavy load on CPU.
 - Over-use can produce obvious artifacts and lead to sterile-sounding material.
Zynaptiq Unveil is a solid weapon for film and television engineers to employ against poorly recorded location sound. The fact that it goes beyond that is a bonus. Spending time learning to use it properly should yield gratifying results.
€399 including VAT.
Published February 2013


Public Landscaping / Pavilion
GIA Competition Entry - FINALIST
A collaboration with Alison Hesketh.
An entry for the Seven Loch's Wetland Park Green Link competition organised by the GIA.
This competition sought to create a 'green link' across the M74 at Drumpellier Country Park just outside of Glasgow which would connect areas of the wider Wetland park. The link would provide both a physical connection for visitors to the park but also to wildlife.
The proposal sees the link as only a small part of a wider series of interventions across the primary routes of the park. This intervention reuses and expands an existing road bridge while creating a visitor viewpoint and landmark, clearly visible from the existing country park. The primary goal for this structure is to highlight, through a combination of its form, mass and materiality the continuation of the Wetland Park across the barrier of the motorway. The structure will allow the visitor to orientate themselves within the wider park before continuing their route.
Landscaping on the widened bridge continues the park's vegetation and wildlife across the motorway.
This proposal was shortlisted and reached the final of the design competition.


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definition 1: a distinct, novel idea that has been arrived at through consideration.
example: The company was looking for an exciting concept that would increase sales of its cars.
example: The Earth being round was a novel concept to many in the fifteenth century.
definition 2: a personal or generally-held way of conceiving something; idea; notion.
example: Your concept of a good marriage is not the same as mine.
example: The child had heard the word "loyalty," but she didn't really understand the concept.
See full entry


Symfony 2.0 vs Agile Toolkit 3.8 – part 4 – Bundles, Users, DB
Wednesday, May 19th, 2010|Misc|by Romans
This post continues comparison of Agile Toolkit and Symfony 2.0. This post is based on features described in Quick tour – page 4
This is a new concept for Agile Toolkit introduced in 3.8. It is however called "Locations". Everything in Agile Toolkit is not bundle, but rather a resource of particular type. Resource may be found in one of the locations.
In practice we have to deal with many cases, when framework change might be required or extended locally. We might then copy./lib/Form.php from./amodules3/Form.php and tweak it. The includes work, they will grab local copy of the file for auto-inclusion if it exists first. The same thing applies to templates, javascript routines, css and images. Through this approach you can drop image under template/jui/images/logo.png and it will automatically used instead of the one bundled with the theme. This is calling substituting.
Third party bundles will play major part, however we have to implement them without hogging performance. Currently you can manually specify additional locations.
Common practice on substituting
Often your code snippets will rely on common class such as Page, but you will want to implement to tweak it for your project. In 3.8 a common practice is to create proxy classes in lib/* such as MYPage, MPForm, MPGrid (where MP is project abbreviation). However we do plan to use "Page", "Grid", "Form" as a proxies to Form_Generic, Grid_Generic etc and use substituting technique to override those within your project.
User attributes (sessions)
In Agile Toolkit any object may use $this->memorize(), $this->recall() and $this->forget() to safely store data in session. If you want multiple objects to use same data, use $this->api->memorize()
It's discouraged to use sessions for things like notice requests – after all you have to keep in mind that in web app you may have multiple browsers open, ajax requests firing and then user still have that "back" button. Web is designed state-less and should stay this way.
memorize() is used to save state of certain control if user leaves the page and comes back. For example, grid will use memorize() for the sorting order. Once you log out it's gone, but while you work with the application it will remember how you sorted the grid on each screen. Filters will also memorize their contents until you reset them.
Accessing the Database
Agile Toolkit takes much more responsibility in a way how user accesses database. Of course you can still send requests through $this->api->db->query(), but in practice it is never used.
Instead framework provides you with db->dsql() which will return a stand-alone class. The class called dynamic query. It's similar to queries in Zend framework, however implementation is much more powerful and allows to do updates, deletes, inserts and can potentially be extended for other operations.
A common use would be
// no product exists
dsql() is simply a query building engine. You can use dsql->select(), dsql->update() to generate a safe SQL code, in case you want to use fetch(). Agile Toolkit always relies on dynamic queries – all objects. This allows you to have a code like this if($_GET['q'])$grid->dq->where('name',$_GET['q']); Framework will encode element properly. Query used by the grid will be altered only if argument was passed. Notice that you can also do joins, grouping, ordering and more.
Sending emails
Email parser relies on functionality of SMlite template engine and provides a easy-to-use wrappers. Often mail body will be stored in the text file and in many cases it will be supplied in both text and html.
When you use TMail, you use set() to define to, from, and as well as signature, and parts of the message body. The whole class tries to fit requirements of a modern web app out of the box, while remaining quite simple and transparent.
Read Part 5 for Agile Toolkit comparison with Symfony 2.0


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1. Loopback Test
A loopback test can be used to troubleshoot serial communications. It can show problems in the serial port, the cable, or the software generating the messages without having to connect to third party hardware. By connecting the proper wires, a loopback test can verify the operation of serial communication. Loopback tests can be used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 serial communication.
For more information on RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 see the Serial Communication Overview. Note that not all serial devices, especially those with many connections on one card, allow hardware flow control on every serial output of the device.
To perform a loopback test for RS-232, the TXD pin must be connected to the RXD pin. This allows the data to flow from the transmit to the receive pins. Since the communication is differential for RS-422 and RS-485, the TXD+ connects to the RXD+ and the TXDconnects to the RXDpins.
A more advanced loopback test that allows hardware flow control will need more pins connected to allow the flow control signals to be properly passed. For RS-232, the CTS and RTS pins must be connected along with the DTR and DSR pins. For RS-422 and RS-485, CTS+ should be connected to RTS+ and CTSshould be connected to RTS-.
For more information about National Instrument's serial interfaces, visit _URL_.
DE-9 (DB9) Connector
The DE-9 connector is the most common serial connector. This connector is found on National Instrument's one and two port serial interfaces.
Figure 1: Pinout diagram for DE-9 Connector
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 2 and 3 for RS-232 and pins 4 to 8 and 5 to 9 for RS-422/485. These connections can be seen in red below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
When using hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 4 to 6 and 7 to 8 for RS-232. Pins 7 and 8 are used for RTS/CTS hardware flow control where pins 4 and 6 are used for DTR/DSR hardware flow control. For RS-422/485, you will need to connect pins 2 to 3 and 6 to 7. Both of these connections are required for RTS/CTS hardware flow control since RS-422/485 have differential connections. These connections can be seen in blue below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
Figure 2: RS-232 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 3: RS-422/485 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
This connector is not as common as the DE-9 connector. This connector can still be used to perform a loopback test with a method similar to the one used for the DE-9 connector.
Figure 4: Pinout diagram for DB-25 Connector
Most of the pins on DB-25 connectors are not connected since only nine pins are used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 communication.
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control with a DB-25 connector, connect pins 2 to 3 for RS-232. For RS-422/485 connect pins 5 to 20 and 7 to 22. The required connections can be seen in red on figures 5 and 6.
For hardware flow control using RS-232, pins 4 and 5 must be connected along with pins 6 and 20. When using RS-422/485, pin 5 must connect to pin 20 and pin 7 must connect to pin 22. This will allow the loopback test to use the proper flow control lines. These connections can be seen in blue on figures 5 and 6.
Figure 5: RS-232 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 6: RS-422/485 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
10P10C (RJ50) Connector
This connector is most commonly found on National Instrument's 4 port serial interfaces. The National Instrument 4 port serial interfaces come with 4 10P10C to DE-9 male converter cables.
Figure 7: Pinout diagram for RJ50 Connector
It is not recommended to use the 10P10C connector by itself to perform a loopback test due to the small separation between pins. Using a 10P10C to DE-9 connector (Part Number 192190-01), a looback test can be performed using the methods described above.
3. Performing a Loopback Test in Hyperterminal
1. Create a new connection with any name and icon.
2. Select the communications port you would like to test
3. Select the type of flow control you would like to use. Note that Xon / Xoff is software flow control and will only require that the TXD and RXD pins to be connected.
4. Type a message using the computer's keyboard. Any data that shows in Hyperterminal is received from the device.
4. Performing a Loopback test in Measurement & Automation Explorer
1. Open Measurement & Automation Explorer and select the communications port you would like to use.
2. Ensure the proper settings are selected for flow control.
3. Save the settings by selecting the Save button then select the Open VISA Test Panel button
4. On the Write tab, type the message you would like to send (followed by a \n) then select Execute
5. On the Read tab, select Execute and verify the message
5. Performing a Loopback test in LabVIEW
Note: For a free evaluation copy of LabVIEW, visit _URL_
1. Start LabVIEW
2. Select Help»Find Examples...
3. Browse to Hardware Input and Output»Serial»Basic Serial Write and Read.vi
4. Ensure the proper settings are selected, enter the string you would like to write in the "string to write" box, and then select the white run arrow on the toolbar.


Diabetic patients: Technology's useful to communicate with docs, as long as it's free
SAN FRANCISCO Patients with diabetes may seek information from their physicians outside of scheduled office visits but are not willing to pay for such services, according to a new study presented at the American Osteopathic Association's 115th Osteopathic Medical Conference and Exposition.
Among 300 patients with diabetes, the study authors noted, 42% communicated with their physicians by telephone outside of scheduled office visits and 13% used e-mail. However, 62% of patients said they would not pay to communicate with their physicians outside of scheduled office visits.
"Patients want some way to communicate with their physicians, such as by phone or pager, to ask questions about managing their diabetes or to share information about their condition, such as their blood sugar levels," said study co-author Jay Shubrook, an AOA board-certified osteopathic family physician from Athens, Ohio. "They like the access, but they don't want to pay for it."
The study also found older respondents, who averaged between ages 51 years and 60 years, did not use Twitter or Facebook to communicate with their physician. What's more, only 69% of respondents had Internet access at home. This could be because older adults do not find paying for the Internet a priority compared with their other expenses, including those related to other medical conditions, Shubrook said.
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1930 Ponca Census Extraction
An extraction of the 1930 Indian Census for the Ponca tribe of the Ponca Reservation in South Dakota. In 1930 there were 398 members that fell under the jurisdiction of the Yankton Agency. Most of them still resided within the Ponca Reservation, but some had moved elsewhere and are so indicated within the actual census images. This extraction provides their given names, surnames, sometimes the maiden name, age, and sex of each tribal member.


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Lessons from a rockThere are endless lessons to be taken from nature. Yesterday I spent my day exploring Yellowstone and Teton National Park. Here's what I learned from the rocks I spent time with:
1. Be still
2. Just like water and wind, life chips away at you, stay strong and persevere
3. Be patient
4. Don't overreact
5. Regardless of what's occurring outside (rain, snow, wind, fire), you don't have to change on the inside.
6. Surround yourself with those like you.
7. Whether you're at the top of a mountain or at the bottom, you're still a rock
8. You don't get to choose where you start in life, and sometimes life decides where you'll go
9. Sometimes people need you to lean on and give them strength
10. The ones you butt heads with the most, are just like YOU


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Want to transfer assets to your children now? Avoid these 5 costly mistakes
We've all heard the saying, "You can't take it with you." But when is the best time to pass your assets on? Transferring assets to your children while you're alive (rather than upon your death) may be an appealing prospect. After all, giving now allows you to share in the enjoyment and could ensure that a much-loved property stays in the family.
Before you turn your asset succession dreams into reality, consider the following five mistakes that you'll want to avoid making.
1. Not taking your children's wishes into consideration
You may have a strong emotional attachment to an asset such as a property, but that doesn't mean that your kids do, too. If it's a recreational property, will they actually want to spend time there, and are they prepared for the cost of its upkeep? If it's a rental property, are they prepared to take on the responsibilities of being a landlord?
Have frank conversations with your family to confirm which kids (if any) are interested in taking on the property — and how they'll cover the cost of its upkeep once it belongs to them.
2. Not equalizing their inheritance
If one or more of your children don't want to receive a specific asset such as a property, and you want your children to inherit equally, you'll need to work with your legal and tax advisors to find ways for them to do so.
Consider giving those children other assets, such as a portion of your art collection or certain investment funds. You can also purchase a life insurance policy that will pay out, on your death, a value equal to the assets you're giving to some of your children now.
3. Not confirming responsibilities among the future owners
If more than one child will inherit a specific asset from you, consider engaging a lawyer to draft a co-ownership agreement. The agreement would help to protect the investment and set guidelines for how it will be used, and who will be responsible for any necessary maintenance or administration.
The agreement should also clarify what will happen if a party wants to sell their interest in the asset.
4. Not addressing the capital gains tax issue
A capital gain refers to the difference between the cost of purchase and the fair market value of a capital asset, such as real estate.
For example, let's say you purchased a property that is not your principal residence many years ago for $150,000, and it's now worth $850,000. That means you have a capital gain of $700,000, of which 50% ($350,000) is taxable. Including that $350,000 on top of your regular income could easily push you into a very high tax bracket.
Even if you gift the property, you'll still be deemed to have received fair market value for it, and you'll have to report the disposition of the property and pay the tax liability — even though you haven't actually received any money for the asset.
There are ways to address the capital gains tax issue. Talk to your MD Advisor* about claiming the capital gains reserve, buying permanent life insurance or setting up an inter vivos trust.
5. Not accounting for the land transfer tax
Though potentially much smaller than the capital gains tax, the land transfer tax (also known as a property transfer tax) is often overlooked as part of the overall cost of purchasing real estate. It comes into play when real estate is transferred for value (so if you gift a property to your children, it may not be applicable).
The calculation of this tax is based on the purchase price of the property, but provinces and cities across Canada charge different rates. For example, in British Columbia, on the purchase price of a home that's valued at $2 million, the property transfer tax would be:
 - 1% on the first $200,000; and
 - 2% on the portion between $200,000 and $2 million.
If your child is purchasing the property from you as a first-time homebuyer, they may qualify for a land transfer tax rebate, depending on the province.
Transferring assets during your lifetime can be rewarding, but you'll need a plan that makes sense for both you and your heirs. Talk to an MD Advisor to help you make the right shortand long-term decisions for you and your family.


Home » Georgiana Cavendish – Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Cavendish – Duchess of Devonshire
Below is the detailed biography of Georgiana Cavendish, the Duchess of Devonshire in the Regency Era. She was a known style icon, political organizer and author. She was born into the Spencer family of English nobility. She was the most talked about Duchess of England with regards to her many love affairs and gambling habits.
Early Life of Georgiana Cavendish
A portrait of Georgiana Cavendish – Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Spencer, as was her birth name was born on the 7th of June in the year 1757 to John Spencer, a British peer, and politician and his wife Georgiana who later came to be known as Countess Georgiana. She was born in Althorp, Northamptonshire. Georgiana had two younger sisters. The family lived in St James, London.
Georgiana was the closest and dearest to her mother as compared to the other two children. In 1765, her father became Earl Spencer.
Adult Life and Marriage of Georgiana Cavendish
A portrait of William Cavendish – 5th Duke of Devonshire
Georgiana was only 17 years old when she married the most eligible bachelor of the Regency Era – William Cavendish who was 25 years old. He was a British nobleman, a politician, an aristocrat. He was also one of the most powerful men in England along with being wealthy which made them a good match.
However, these two had very little in common and were hardly ever seen together on social occasions. He was known to have various affairs outside the marriage and was unable to have Georgiana produce a child. The Duke had a former illegitimate daughter before his marriage. He also had a former partner Lady Elizabeth Foster who later became a close friend of Georgiana Cavendish.
A portrait of Lady Elizabeth Foster
Even after the Duke and Lady Foster had separated, they were known to have shared certain sexual relations. Later, they had two illegitimate children.
Duchess Cavendish was absolutely unhappy with this marriage. According to the customs in Regency England, a woman could not take a lover until she had produced an heir. She had two daughters – Georgiana Dorothy and Harriet Elizabeth. In 1790, she gave birth to a baby boy – William George Spencer Cavendish who grew up to be a bachelor duke all his life.
Georgiana Cavendish and Charles Grey
A portrait of Charles Grey, also known as the 2nd Earl Grey
It is believed that Duchess Cavendish, after the birth of her son was involved in a love affair with Charles Grey. Charles Grey, who was later known as the 2nd Earl Grey. He was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1830 to 1834. He was a noble and famous man in London. While there is no concrete evidence that Earl Grey and Duchess Cavendish were involved in a 'love affair', she became pregnant by him in 1791.
She was sent off to France for her childbirth. Her health was extremely poor and everyone believed that she would die during childbirth. However, the child was well born and was called Eliza Courtney and she belonged to the Grey family.
While in France, she lived in complete isolation and was usually depressed as she was separated from her other children and family members. In the end, she denied her love for Charles Grey and went back to England to her husband and children.
Georgiana Cavendish as an Activist
Georgiana's family was a supporter of the Whig party. She lived during times when there was a realization of woman suffrage and empowerment. She was an influential woman and the first woman to come out as a political activist in her time.
She inspired women to promote the Whig party.
Georgiana Cavendish in Literature
She was a writer and poet during her time. Some of her works were published anonymously. Her very first published writing was 'Emma; Or, The Unfortunate Attachment: A Sentimental Novel' which came out in 1773. In 1778, she published 'The Sylph' anonymously. In the last years of her life, she published 'The Passage of the Mountain of Saint Gothard'.
Georgiana Cavendish in Gambling
After returning to England from France, she was much involved in taking care of her husband who suffered from gout. In 1796, she suffered from illness in her eyes, the operation of which resulted in her scarring face. Rapidly, her health began to decline and debt began to increase.
During her decline in health, she became addicted to gambling. She was in her forties back then. It is also said that once she begged her mother for 100 pounds and told her that she was suffering from jaundice.
Later, it was found out that she was genuinely sick and suffering from a liver disorder.
Later Life and Death of Georgiana Cavendish
She spent her last years in sickness. She died at a young age of 48 on March 30th, 1806. She was surrounded by her children, her mother, and her husband. She was buried at the family vault in All Saints Parish Church.
Her life was an example of the life of a noblewoman of England, a roller coaster of emotions and outburst and a result of various decisions.
There were many film portrayals on her life like the 'The Divine Lady' in 1929 and 'Berkeley Square' in 1933.
Found info useful?


There are a lot of confusing terms associated with the Uplands sewage separation project, but two of the most common acronyms that were tossed around were MSR and INI. In the hopes of lifting some of that confusion, a quick debrief:
INI or Inflow and infiltration. Essentially the water that leaks into the system from the cracks in the pipes, bad joints, manhole covers, etc. CRD has a good page on INI.
MSR or Municipal Sewage Regulation: The provincial law that governs sewage systems, both sanitary and storm. This is the law that is forcing Oak Bay to twin the Uplands sewer. The full regulations and FAQ are available online.


I know that both
a) She has walked for two hours.
b) She has been walking for two hours.
mean the same thing: that she started walking two hours back and is still walking.
So according to the above example, both of the below two sentences should be correct.
 1. Since she started journey, she has felt sick.
 1. Since she started journey, she has been feeling sick.
But my grammar book says only the second sentence is correct. Why so? What is the difference in meaning between them?
Both are correct depending on the context.
Since "feel sick" is a continuous verb and there is an indicator of a duration of time,"Since she started journey," both present perfect and present perfect progressive are implying that it's an incessant event.
The only nuance difference is that present perfect could mean that she's not sick now, though it can also mean she may still be sick, whereas present perfect progressive can only mean that she is still ill.
 - This is quite true, but there's an additional complication. I've tried to explain it below. – Yuri.teacher.English Apr 3 at 18:59
For a start, both sentences are missing a definite article, the:
 - Since she started the journey, she has felt sick.
 - Since she started the journey, she has been feeling sick.
The time marker "since" puts the sentence in the Present Perfect Progressive tense and calls for the corresponding format.
See the image below from _URL_
comparisons of present perfect and present perfect progressive tenses
I found this clear description from grammar-monster.com:
The present perfect progressive tense has two uses. It is used for:
A continuous activity that began in the past and continues into the present. For example:
 - Those workmen have been fixing the roads.
A continuous activity that began in past but has now finished (usually very recently). For example:
 - John has been baking cakes.
You have to rely on context to tell you whether the activity is still ongoing in the present or has finished. For example, the workmen might still be working, and John's finished cakes might be on the table.
See the below screenshot:
screenshot of construction of a present perfect progressive tense
Link to grammar-monster.com
Both constructions are correct, but not for the obvious reasons. Besides the missing article in these two sentences, the difficulty is with the verb itself.
 1. Since she started the journey, she has felt sick.
 2. Since she started the journey, she has been feeling sick.
The present perfect (PP): An activity that has been completed in the past.
 - Its primary purpose is to emphasize that the action is completed.
 - It is used to enumerate actions, to state achievements, state the unfinished.
The present perfect continuous (PPC): An activity that has just been completed and has an impact on the immediate moment or continues into the future.
 - It has two primary uses. It can be used to emphasize the impact on the present, but it is also often used to emphasize the length of time for action. That latter is what is happening in sentence 2.
Option 2 leads us to empathize with the subject of this sentence:
Poor thing, she has been feeling sick since we left the house.
Whereas, the present perfect would do the opposite.
Fortunately, she has only felt sick once since we left the house. The journey has been quite easy for her.
So why is option 1 also correct?
Where everyone gets really confused is with respect to whether verb is active or stative.
The thing is that, when you are using a stative verb the PP is used instead of the PPC having the same meaning as the PPC. Stative verbs cannot be used with the continuous tense, regardless of whether it is present, future, past or perfect.
 - I am happy.
 - I was happy.
 - I will be happy.
 - I have been happy.
It would be incorrect to say:
 - I am being happy.
 - I was being happy.
 - I have been being happy.
I think the point is clear.
The problem is with the verb to feel. In theory, it is a stative verb, but in practice it is used as both stative and active.
I feel happy.
I am feeling happy.
Understanding this, wouldn't the PPC be correct then? Not necessarily!
If you follow example 1:
 - I feel happy. > I have felt happy.
The PP would actually be correct and PPC incorrect.
If you follow example 2:
 - I am feeling happy. > I have been feeling happy.
The PPC would be correct, and the PP would be quite weird.
In conclusion, there's no avoiding it. Both are perfectly correct.
 - Is it also true that stative verbs can be in continuous tense in order to emphasizing? – HypnoticBuggyWraithVirileBevy Apr 3 at 23:36
 - No, it is not done for emphasizing. If a stative verb is used in the continuous tense its meaning can change. Some common examples, with love (stative) "I'm loving it" means you're enjoying (active) it, with have(stative) "I'm having a coffee" means drinking it (active), with to be (stative) "You're being mean" means you are behaving in a mean way. – Yuri.teacher.English Apr 4 at 12:15
I think because both sentence don't has a duration time like "for two hours/for two weeks". In this case, it can be used to emphasize an action that's been happening "lately" or "recently", so the present perfect continuous is more appropriate.
Both constructions are correct.
Your two walking examples should both say "has" and not "have". Always "She has" or "She has been"; never "She have" or "She have been".
 - tq, edited my mistake. So you mean both "she has felt sick" and "she has been feeling sick" give same meaning?? – Ramteja Guthikonda Jun 26 '20 at 7:49
 - Yes that is what I mean. :) – Anton Jun 26 '20 at 7:58
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"My Teacher Hates Me!"
How to react when when your child comes home complaining that the teacher doesn't like him
By Lynn Petrak
© iStockphoto
How should you react when when your child comes home complaining that the teacher doesn't like him? First, don't overlook the possibility of a misunderstanding, a rough day, or even bad behavior on your child's part. But sometimes, certain kids and teachers just don't click. What you can do:
Talk to your child. "Explain that over the years, he's going to have teachers with different styles -- and he still has to try his best," says Ron Clark, author of The Essential 55: An Award-Winning Educator's Rules for Discovering the Successful Student in Every Child. "Don't be negative about the teacher in your home, either."
Try to get involved. "Visit the class to see what's going on. Offer to chaperone trips. The teacher may end up being more supportive because you're taking interest," says Clark.
Schedule a meeting. If your child's complaints persist, or if you're unhappy with what you're hearing from his teacher, ask if you can set up a conference. But respect the teacher's point of view, and don't accuse her of anything. Try to brainstorm ways for your child's school experience to be more positive.
Approach the principal as a last resort. Involve the higher-ups only if you're seriously concerned about your child's education, and tell the teacher what you're doing first.
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