ic or a hyperbolic problem, depending on the geometry of the mapping $g$.
Example: Before considering the general case, it's worth pausing to consider a simple example to illustrate where the analysis will take us: Let $\Sigma$ be the $xy$-plane and consider the two maps $f_\pm:\Sigma\to\mathbb{R}^3$ defined by $$ f_\pm = \bigl(x,y,\tfrac12(x^2\pm y^2)\bigr). $$ These have $g_\pm = \rho(f_\pm) = (1,0,x){\wedge}(0,1,\pm y)\ dx{\wedge}dy$. We want to find the immersions $f:\Sigma\to\mathbb{R}^3$ that satisfy $\rho(f)=g_\pm$. Well, such an $f$ will have to satisfy $$ df = (1,0,x)\ \xi + (0,1,\pm y)\ \eta = (\xi,\eta,\ x\xi{\pm}y\eta\ ) $$ for some $1$-forms $\xi$ and $\eta$ that satisfy $\xi\wedge\eta=dx\wedge dy$ and are such that $d(df)=0$. Now, this latter equation implies $d\xi=d\eta=d(x\xi{\pm}y\eta)=0$, and so, assuming that a local solution is defined on a simply-connected open set $U\subset\Sigma$, one can then write $\xi = dp$ and $\eta = \pm dq$ for some functions $p$ and $q$ on $U$. The remaining equations on $p$ and $q$ then become $0=d(x\xi{\pm}y\eta)=dx\wedge dp + dy\wedge dq$ and $dp\wedge dq = \pm dx\wedge dy$. This is two PDE on $p$ and $q$ that can be written as a single Monge-Ampère equation by setting $p = u_x$ and $q = u_y$ (which works because $d(p\ dx + q\ dy) = 0$) and then the remaining equation becomes $u_{xx}u_{yy}-u_{xy}^2 = \pm 1$, the classic Monge-Ampère equation. This is, of course, elliptic for $g_+$ and hyperbolic for $g_-$. (We will see how this is reflected in the general analysis below.) The general solution to $\rho(f)=g_\pm$ is then $$ f = (u_x,\ \pm u_y,\ xu_x+yu_y-u ) $$ where $u$ satisfies $u_{xx}u_{yy}-u_{xy}^2 = \pm 1$.
Now, I'm going to do the general analysis in terms of the moving frame and exterior differential systems, simply because that's the way I understand it and am most comfortable computing. Of course, one can avoid this, but I'm too lazy (and short on time) to do that now.
So fix a nondegenerate $g\in \Omega^2\bigl(\Sigma,\Lambda^2(V)\bigr)$. I'm going to define a bundle $P_g\to\Sigma$ whose elements will consist of the quadruples $(x;e_1,e_2,e_3)\in\Sigma\times V\times V\times V$ such that the $e_i$ are a basis of $V$ and, moreover, $e_1\wedge g(x) = e_2\wedge g(x) = 0$. On $P_g$, there exists a nonvanishing $2$-form $\Phi$ such that $g = e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \Phi$. This $\Phi$ is semi-basic for the projection to $\Sigma$ and hence is a multiple of any nonvanishing $2$-form on $\Sigma$ pulled up to $P_g$. Note that $P_g$ is a right $G_1$-bundle over $\Sigma$, where $G_1\subset\mathrm{GL}(3,\mathbb{R})$ is the subgroup that consists of matrices $A\in \mathrm{GL}(3,\mathbb{R})$ that are $(2,1)$-block upper triangular, i.e., $A^3_1=A^3_2=0$.
Now, one has the usual structure equations $de_a = e_b\ \eta^b_a$, which satisfy $d\eta^a_b = - \eta^a_c\wedge\eta^c_b$. (The summation convention always in force. I'll use the index ranges $1\le a,b,c \le 3$ and $1\le i,j,k \le 2$.) Since $g$ is a vector-valued $2$-form on a surface, one has $dg=0$, and expanding this using the structure equations yields $$ 0 = dg = e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \bigl(d\Phi + (\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2)\wedge\Phi\bigr) + e_3{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^3_1\wedge\Phi + e_1{\wedge}e_3\ \eta^3_2\wedge\Phi, $$ so $\eta^3_1\wedge\Phi=\eta^3_2\wedge\Phi=0$. Now, the hypothesis that $[g]:\Sigma\to\mathbb{RP}^2$ be an immersion is equivalent to $\eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ being nonvanishing, Consequently, $\Phi = \lambda\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ for some nonvanishing function $\lambda$ on $P_g$. One easily computes that, for $A\in G_1$, $$ R_A^*\lambda = \left(\frac{A^3_3}{A^1_1A^2_2-A^2_1A^1_2}\right)^2\lambda, $$ so the sign of lambda is constant on the fibers of $P_g$ and the equation $\lambda=\pm1$ defines a subset $P_g'\subset P_g$ that will be a right $G_2$-bundle over $\Sigma$, where $G_2\subset G_1$ is the subgroup consisting of those $A\in G_1$ that satisfy $A^3_3 = \pm(A^1_1A^2_2-A^2_1A^1_2)$.
I'll say that $g$ is of elliptic (resp. hyperbolic) type if $\lambda = +1$ (resp. $\lambda=-1$) on $P_g'$. (The reasons for these designations will become apparent below.)
Since $\Phi = \pm \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ on $P_g'$, the structure equations plus the identity $0=d\Phi + (\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2)\wedge\Phi$ now show that $(\eta^3_3-\eta^1_1-\eta^2_2)\wedge\eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2=0$, so $\eta^3_3=\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2+b^1\eta^3_1+b^2\eta^3_2$ for some functions $b^1$ and $b^2$ on $P_g'$. The structure equations now show that the equations $b^1=b^2=0$ define a $G_3$-subbundle $P_g''\subset P_g'$, where $G_3\subset G_2$ is the subgroup consisting of those $A\in G_2$ with $A^1_3=A^2_3=0$. (This is the last reduction I will need to do to complete the calculation.)
Our goal now is to find $1$-forms $\eta^1$ and $\eta^2$ on $P_g''$ satisfying the equations $$ d(e_1\ \eta^1 + e_2\ \eta^2) = 0\qquad\text{and}\qquad e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^1{\wedge}\eta^2 = g = \pm e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2\. $$
If we can do this, then, at least locally, $e_1\ \eta^1 + e_2\ \eta^2 = df$ for some $V$-valued function $f:\Sigma\to V$ such that $\rho(f) = g$, and this will solve our problem.
Of course, the second equation is just $\eta^1\wedge\eta^2 = \pm\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$, while using the structure equations to expand the first equation yields $$ 0 = e_1 (d\eta^1 + \


the latest research, business trends and innovative thinking
5/29/2014 @ 9:57PM |5,932 views
Why Engineers Make Great CEOs
They're detail-oriented, analytical and trained in systematic problem-solving. Engineers' basic qualities make them good candidates for the top.
By Yasser Al-Saleh, Senior Research Fellow at INSEAD Innovation & Policy Initiative
Corporate titans leading Australia's top 50 companies are as likely to have degrees in engineering as commerce or economics, a LeadingCompany analysis has found. And, it's not just Australian mining conglomerates where engineers are rising to the top. Around the world, a combination of sound engineering acumen with an MBA from a top business school tends to be a common path to the corner office. Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadella, is an engineer. So is General Motors' Mary Barra and Amazon's Jeff Bezos; and the list goes on. In fact, engineering has long been ranked as the most common undergraduate degree among Fortune 500 CEOs. Even Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, has an engineering PhD under his belt.
Why do engineers end up leading companies? Is it because engineers – at face value – are CEO material, or because they are more likely to have changes of heart during their career? If so, why, how and when does this occur?
Image problems
In spite of engineering's long and glorious history – think Thomas Edison, John Frank Stevens, Henry Ford, and Herbert Hoover – there seems to have been stereotypical image problems associated with the profession. While it's true engineers have often been identified as technical geeks, who excel at maths and physics, many also exude a host of socially-acceptable traits that eventually earn them the awe of their boards of directors.
Engineers, in general, are found to be good at attention to detail, problem-solving, numeracy, risk management and analysis.
On the flip side, many may lack emotional intelligence and the necessary leadership, people management, and communication abilities – soft skills which can be addressed by training to assist their transition into the management arena.
Grass is greener
So what motivates engineers to depart from their more-technically-oriented career paths and make their way to the boardroom. Of the 300+ responses to an online survey I conducted of 1,280 top-level executives holding engineering degrees, the overwhelming reason for moving up was money.
Despite engineering being one of the more financially-rewarding professions, many of the engineers-turned-CEOs surveyed noted that lawyers and bankers make vast multiples of what engineers do. We live in a world where the monetary value of professionals does not always correlate with the magnitude of value created for society (it can be argued that nurses, teachers and NGOs are important value creators; yet they make very little compared to, say, investment bankers.) and high pay seems to rank very highly as a motivation for pursuing a management position. As Rita Davenport once said, "Money is not everything, but it ranks up there with oxygen".
A safe start
Another group of engineers said their focus changed after realising a traditional engineering job no longer satisfied the desires that originally led them to pursue that career path. In fact, some discovered they had never held a genuine desire to be an engineer in the first place. The prevailing wisdom in many parts of the world, especially developing ones, is that high-achieving students are expected to enrol in either medical or engineering schools. There seems to be a widespread assumption that taking on medical or engineering studies is far more difficult than studying the humanities and social science disciplines. Some of the surveyed executives admitted that since engineers enjoy one of the lowest unemployment rates, engineering has always been perceived as a safe starting major for anyone, providing graduates with a set of skills that cannot be faked and which open doors for professional advancement.
Other recorded reasons for pursuing leadership positions included disillusionment with harsh working conditions for engineers. (the life of an engineer it seems is not as rosy as originally anticipated), while for others, it was not so much a wrong career choice, but rather a mere change of interest from a curiosity-driven fascination with how things work to a desire to make a difference or to acquire self-esteem.
"Their way" and the "wrong way"
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Definition of Genu
Genu: The Latin word for the knee. When the knee is referred to in medicine, it is just called the knee. However, the word "genu" is also used in medicine as in: genu recurvatum (hyperextension of the knee), genu valgum (knock knee) and genu varum (bowleg).
The knee (or genu, if you are into Latin) is a joint which has three parts. The thigh bone (femur) meets the large shin bone (tibia) forming the main knee joint. This joint has an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral) compartment. The kneecap (patella) joins the femur to form a third joint, called the patellofemoral joint.
The knee joint is surrounded by a joint capsule with ligaments strapping the inside and outside of the joint (collateral ligaments) as well as crossing within the joint (cruciate ligaments). These ligaments provide stability and strength to the knee joint.
The large muscles of the thigh move the knee. In the front of the thigh the quadriceps muscles extend the knee joint. In the back of the thigh, the hamstring muscles flex the knee. The knee also rotates slightly under guidance of specific muscles of the thigh.
The knee functions to allow movement of the leg and is critical to normal walking. The knee flexes normally to a maximum of 135 degrees and extends to 0 degrees. The bursae, or fluid-filled sacs, serve as gliding surfaces for the tendons to reduce the force of friction as these tendons move. The knee is a weightbearing joint. Each meniscus serves to evenly load the surface during weightbearing and also adds in disbursing joint fluid for joint lubrication.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
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Intensification for sustainability
janvier 29, 2020 5:38
Would it be possible to valorise a waste stream… by purifying another? Dr. Jean Septavaux, co-founder of Secoya Technologies, co-authored a paper in Nature Chemistry describing a methodology for the convergent purification of electronic and gas waste streams. By using the unique properties of polyamines solutions upon capture of CO2 from car exhaust fumes, the authors manage to separate with a high selectivity the valuables metals contained in a dissolved car battery electrode.
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text:
VMware Workstation 5.5Features | Documentation | Knowledge Base | Discussion Forums
Power Off vs. Shut Down
You can configure the Power Off button to turn off a virtual machine or team in two ways:
Caution: If a virtual machine is writing to disk when it receives a Power Off command, data corruption may occur.
Note: Not all guest operating systems respond to a shut down signal from this button. If your operating system does not respond to a shut down signal, shut down from within the operating system, as you would with a physical machine.
For instructions on configuring the Power Off button, see Power Controls in the section Power.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Gaspar Correia or Gaspar Corrêa (c. 1496 - c. 1563 Goa) was a Portuguese historian, author of "Lendas da Índia ( "Legends of India"), one of the earliest and most important works about Portuguese rule in Asia, being referred to as a Portuguese Polybius.
There is little information about the life of the author. It is known that he lived mostly in Portuguese India, were he reported to have come very young, around 1512-14, to serve as a soldier and was chosen as secretary to Afonso de Albuquerque, of which he was very proud. He come back to Portugal in 1529 but returned to India. His work Lendas da Índia, though written in a rude style, is considered an important contemporary reference, having profited from thirty five years of Correia's work in India, and privileged sources unknown to Fernão Lopes de Castanheda or João de Barros. He made the first European account on Asiatic Cholera. One theory states that he was murdered in Malacca, by order of governor Estêvão da Gama, the son of Vasco da Gama.
Although some authors state that there was a issue of his work in 1556, it is most probable that manuscript copies of his 3.500 pages compendium had circulated among chosen recipients only, after having been brought from India to Portugal by Miguel da Gama shortly after Correia's death. His family retained the manuscript of the original "Legends of India", which was first printed in 1858 (first part) and 1864 (second part) by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon.


A Way of Living. Celebrate how you live your life!
How CMM Machines Help North American Manufacturers Adapt
how to use a cmm machine
It's a common sentiment, and a true one: companies that can't adapt to technological change get left behind. In the North American manufacturing industry, one common form of adaptation is increasing automation on the production line in order to compete with factories in countries with less regulation and cheaper labour.
Thankfully, automation has helped manufacturing become viable again in North America when many had predicted its demise here after decades of decline.
One of the tools playing a central role in automation is the coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Read on to learn more about how CMM machines work, and how they have helped to manufacture in North America to be competitive again on a global stage.
Quality Control
A CMM machine is designed to automate quality control on the production line. CMM machines measure the physical geometrical characteristics of an object or part. It may be manually controlled by a human operator, but it can also be computer controlled. Measurements are defined by a probe attached to the third moving axis of the CMM machine.
After the CMM machine scans the object or the part, it compares the measurements to the blueprint of the piece, which has been uploaded into the machine. If there are any differences between the blueprint and the part, the machine immediately knows there is a flaw in the part.
In a broad sense, having these machines on the production line to automate quality control has been perhaps the fundamental way North American manufacturers have managed to successfully adapt to the changes posed by globalization.
CMM machines are very sophisticated, so click here for more info that will give you a sense of the other functions they can perform, and see the different kind of CMM machines available.
Even Newer Adaptations
The need for change is constant, and the breakthrough technology that helped North American manufacturing compete against international rivals must also evolve, or risk becoming obsolete.
This process is already underway. Known as Industry 4.0, new technology is transforming manufacturing once again, with the creation of software that enables machines to automatically exchange data with each other. While Industry 4.0 is still in the early stages of development, it is already re-writing the rules of North American manufacturing.
Software programs like PolyWorks enable CMM machines to communicate with other equipment along the production line, so if the CMM machine detects a flaw in a part caused by machine degradation, other machines further up the production line will instantaneously know.
CMM machines don't only catch the defect: they can identify what caused the flaw in the first place. This means an employee doesn't need to waste time trying to figure out what went wrong. New software in CMM machines mitigates the cost of equipment failure automatically, without requiring a human employee — in a sense, automation is being automated.
International competition shows no signs of slowing down, and North America's manufacturing sector is going to need to keep up. CMM machines have played a large role in the resurgence of the manufacturing industry, and this equipment must continue to evolve to ensure North American factories stay competitive in the decades to come.


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VirtualDub features
Have you ever worked with desktop video?
Sure, you've probably played a few video clips on your monitor. But have you ever made one yourself? Used a video capture device? Wrestled with the software that comes with it? Felt like the software is a few leagues above or below your level? Time to try something else.
VirtualDub helps you get video into your computer.
VirtualDub lets you clean up video on your computer.
You can take a captured clip, trim the ends, clean up some of the noise, convert it to the proper frame size, and write out a better one. Don't see a video filter you want? Write your own, with the filter SDK.
VirtualDub is fast.
The author of VirtualDub is very impatient. That means his program is designed for speed, both in the interface and in the processing pipeline. Converting a compressed, 320x240 MPEG-1 file to an uncompressed, 24-bit AVI requires only these two steps in VirtualDub:
How fast is this operation? On a C450, 40 frames per second (1.3x real-time speed). With a little tweaking, the speed rises to 55 fps (1.8x), with the CPU hardly breaking a sweat at 40%.
VirtualDub is cheap.
To be exact, it costs nothing. VirtualDub is licensed under the GNU General Public License, meaning you can use it for free. No risk involved, and the whole source code is available if you want it.


Storing Files in MongoDB with GridFS
Onyancha Brian Henry
Many applications involve file management and have file storage as an important feature for enhancing data processing. File storage often requires a third party CDN (Content Delivery Network), such as Amazon Web services, but this makes the management process a bit tedious. It would be easier to access all your resources from a single cloud storage, rather than multiple ones, as there may be a chance of failure during retrieval.
Storing files directly into a database through a single API call has not been something easily done until the introduction of GridFS in MongoDB.
What is MongoDB GridFS
GridFs is an abstraction layer in MongoDB used in the storage and recovery of large files like videos, audios, and images.This file system stores files that are even more significant than 16 MB within MongoDB data collections. The files are stored by first breaking it into smaller chunks of data, each piece having a size of 255 KB.
GridFS uses two collection systems to store files:
 1. Chunk: This is the collection that stores the document parts. The chunks are limited to a size of 255KB each and when one makes a query, the GridFS driver reassembles all the chunks as per storage unique _id. For example, you could want to retrieve a segment of a video file rather than the whole file, this is possible by just querying the correct range you want.
 2. File: This stores the consequent additional metadata for the file.
The collections are placed in a common bucket and then prefix each with the bucket name which by default is fs and so we have:
 - fs.chunks
 - fs.files
One can choose a different bucket name but the full collection name is subject to: name space limit of 255 bytes.
Chunks Collection
Chunk collection documents have the form:
 "_id" : ,
 "files_id" : ,
 "n" : ,
 "data" :
 - _id: is the unique identifier for the chunk
 - files_id: is the _id of the parent document as stored in the files collection
 - n: is the sequence number of the chunk starting with 0.
 - data: is the chunk's payload as BSON Binary type.
A compound index using files_id and n fields is used to allow efficient retrieval of chunks for example:
db.fs.chunks.find( { files_id: fileId } ).sort( { n: 1 } )
To create this index if it does not exist you can run the following command on a mongo shell:
Files Collection
Documents in this collection take the form
 "_id" : ,
 "length" : ,
 "chunkSize" : ,
 "uploadDate" : ,
 "filename" : ,
 "metadata" : ,
 - _id: is the unique identifier for the document which is of the data type one chooses for the original document and by default in MongoDB is the BSON ObjectId.
 - length: is the size of the document in bytes
 - chunkSize: size of each chunk which is limited to 255 kilobytes
 - uploadDate: field of type Date which stores the date the document was first stored.
 - filename: this is an optional field that is a human readable identification for the file.
 - metadata: this is an optional field that holds additional information that one wants to store.
An example of an fs file is shown below.
 "filename": "file.html",
 "chunkSize": NumberInt(23980),
 "uploadDate": ISODate("2020-08-11T10:02:15.237Z"),
 "length": NumberInt(312)
Like the chunks collection, a compound index using filename and uploadDate fields is used in the files collection to allow efficient retrieval of files, for example:
db.fs.files.find( { filename: fileName } ).sort( { uploadDate: 1 } )
db.fs.file.createIndex( { filename: 1, uploadDate: 1 }, { unique: true } );
When to Use the MongoDB GridFS Storage System
MongoDB GridFS is not commonly used but the following are the condition that may necessitates the use of this GridFS storage system;
 - When the current file system has a limit on the number of files that can be stored in a given directory.
 - When one intends to access part of the information stored, GridFS enables one to recall parts of the file without accessing the whole document.
 - When one intends to distribute files and their metadata through geographically distributed replica sets, GridFS allows the metadata to sync and deploy the data across multiple targeted systems automatically.
When Not to Use the MongoDB GridFS Storage System
The GridFS storage system is however not appropriate to use when there will be a need to update the content of the whole file saved in GridFS.
How to Add Files to GridFS
When storing an mp3 file in MongoDB using GridFs, the right procedure to follow is this;
 1. Open the terminal (The command prompt)
 2. Navigate to the mongofiles.exe (this is located in the bin folder)
 3. Use the command
 >mongofiles.exe -d gridfs put song.mp3
After the command, the name of the database to be used is the gridfs, if by chance, the name is missing, MongoDB automatically creates a document that stores the file on the database.
To view the file stored in GridFS use the query command below on the mongo shell;
The command returns a document with format shown below:
 _id: ObjectId('526a922bf8b4aa4d33fdf84d'),
 filename: "song.mp3",
 chunkSize: 233390,
 uploadDate: new Date(1397391643474), md5: "e4f53379c909f7bed2e9d631e15c1c41",
 length: _PHONE_
The file has the following details, filename, length, date uploaded, chunk size, and object_id. The chunks in fs.chunks collection can be viewed using the id returned in the initial query as has shown below.
GridFS Sharding
Sharding is also another feature applicable with GridFS. To shard chunks collection one can use either a compound index of { files_id : 1, n : 1 } or { files_id : 1 } as the shard key.
Harshed Sharding is only possible if the MongoDB drivers do not run filemd5.
File collections are often not sharded because they contain only metadata and are very small. The available keys neither do they provide an even distribution in a sharded cluster. However, if one needs to shard a files collection, you can use the _id field in combination with some application fields.
GridFS Limitations
GridFS File system has the following limitations:
 1. Atomic update: GridFS does not have an atomic update. This makes it easier to manually update by picking the required version of files and keeping multiple versions of files running
 2. Performance: the system tends to be slow with the file system and web server.
 3. Working set: one uses another server when working on a new working set. This is done so as to avoid disturbing the running working set.
GridFS is like a silver bullet to developers who intend to store large files in MongoDB. GridFS storage system gives developers a chance to store large files and retrieve parts of the needed files. GridFS is, therefore, an excellent MongoDB feature that can be used with various applications.


text:
posted by Alyssa.
A 346 kg merry-go-round in the shape of a
horizontal disk with a radius of 1.7 m is set in
motion by wrapping a rope about the rim of
the disk and pulling on the rope.
How large a torque would have to be exerted to bring the merry-go-round from rest
to an angular speed of 4.7 rad/s in 3.4 s?
angular acceleration = a = 4.7/3.4 = 1.38 radians/s^2
I = (1/2)mr^2 = (1/2)346(1.7^2) = 500kg m^2
Torque = I a = 500 (1.38) = 690 Nm


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Fourteen Latin American and Caribbean countries adopted an ambitious Plan of Action to improve access rights in the region, including access to information, public participation, and access to justice.
More than 300 representatives from government, multilateral institutions, and civil society came together today to push for more action and commitments to support stronger governance around environmental issues.
On Tuesday, June 19, 2012, more than 300 representatives from governments, UN agencies, and civil society will gather to express their support for action and make commitments around open and transparent government and environmental issues.
Environmental democracy is about government being transparent, accountable, and involving people in decisions that affect their environment. 20 countries in The Access Initiative (TAI) network are expanding their work to promote environmental democracy. Here is a summary of what's ahead in 2008 and beyond.
Laws alone are not enough to ensure environmental protection. Civil society organizations often play a critical role in bringing those laws to life. In Uganda, Greenwatch has done exactly that for the country's laws on access to environmental information, the first of which passed in 1998.
The Access Initiative (TAI) and its partners are launching the first of its kind assessment of environmental governance in China. It is the first step towards engaging civil society organizations and government agencies to promote the public transparency, participation, and accountability that are essential foundations for sustainable development.
The Access Initiative is the largest network in the world dedicated to ensuring that citizens have the right and ability to influence decisions about the natural resources that sustain their communities.


EV1527 and Learning Code Remotes Explained Simple
So what is EV1527 and Learning Code?
EV1527 is a format of learning code receivers commonly used by radio frequency transmitters such as garage door remotes. The format was designed to allow a large keyspace (number of possible unique remote identifiers) and a practical number of possible channels on each remote while still remaining cost effective.
To put it simply, learning code systems have fixed codes assigned to each remote (which do not change). These codes are then learnt into the receiver which allows them to change the state of a relay. This learning function is usually performed through a button on the receiver being held down while pressing the desired button on the transmitter.
The EV1527 data transmission format uses the following layout to identify the remote and buttons:
Each bit can be either a 0 or 1 in value. Using 20 bits for identifying the remote allows 2^20 possible remote identifiers which is a little over 1 million. This means that there is a 1 in 1 million chance of another remote having the same identifier. For this reason, the EV1527 format is not used for high security applications.
The 4 bits for button identification are a great strength of the EV1527 format. This allows for 16 channels to be controlled through one remote transmitter. This feature is perfect for systems which require activation of many different relays via one remote.
These chip-sets can be found in devices ranging from 3V to 12V. It is important to note that the transmission distance of EV1527 chip-sets is limited by the voltage of the device.
EV1527 is often used in residential alarm systems, gate control and garage door controllers. When compared to traditional fixed code formats such as PT2262 (key space of 6561 unique addresses), EV1527 offers a much more secure and practical list of applications.
Higher security options
If EV1527 isn't going to make the cut for your setup, try a rolling code systems.


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The four main types of bandages are gauze, compression, triangular and tube. The bandages made from cloth or from paper, these are exceptionally versatile. All Safety Products sells several types of bandages such as medical gauze, shoe covers, bandages, and other types of disposable medical supplies online.
Types of bandages
Gauze bandage (common gauze roller bandage)
The most common type of bandage is the gauze bandage, a simple woven strip of material, or a woven strip of material with a Telfa absorbent barrier to prevent adhering to wounds. A gauze bandage can come in any number of widths and lengths, and can be used for almost any bandage application, including holding a dressing in place.
The United States Pharmacopeia lists it as a form in which Absorbent Gauze may be provided. It is prepared from type 1 Absorbent gauze in various widths and lengths.
The term 'compression bandage' describes a wide variety of bandages with many different applications. Short stretch compression bandages
are applied to a limb (usually for treatment of lymphedema or venous ulcers. This type of bandage is capable of shortening around the limb after application and is therefore not exerting ever-increasing pressure during inactivity. This dynamic is called resting pressure and is considered safe and comfortable for long-term treatment. Conversely, the stability of the bandage creates a very high resistance to stretch when pressure is applied through internal muscle contraction and joint movement. This force is called working pressure.
Long stretch compression bandages have long stretch properties, meaning their high compressive power can be easily adjusted. However, they also have a very high resting pressure and must be removed at night or if the patient is in a resting position.
Also known as a cravat bandage, a triangular bandage is a piece of cloth put into a right-angled triangle, and often provided with safety pins to secure it in place. It can be used fully unrolled as a sling, folded as a normal bandage, or for specialized applications, as on the head. One advantage of this type of bandage is that it can be makeshift and made from a fabric scrap or a piece of clothing. The Boy Scouts popularized use of this bandage in many of their first aid lessons, as a part of the uniform is a "neckerchief" that can easily be folded to form a cravat.
A tube bandage is applied using an applicator, and is woven in a continuous circle. It is used to hold dressings or splints on to limbs, or to provide support to sprains and strains, and it stops bleeding.
The information on All Safety Products First Aid resource section details information that can further assist you in selecting the correct First Aid products to ensure ANSI compliance as well as other applicable codes.
Contact All Safety Products today to locate the types of bandages that best meet your needs or request a quote for medical gauze, shoe covers, bandages, and other types of disposable medical supplies online


Edit Article
Liquid stacking is a fun and creative way to demonstrate the viscosity of liquids to others, or just to create something beautiful for displaying as a showpiece in your home. It's an exciting activity to perform and watch, so gather everyone around and give it a go!
 1. 1
 Select an empty bottle. The best bottle or container is one that is tall (long) and not too wide. This will show the layering to its best effect and will lessen the amount of liquid needed for each layer.
 2. 2
 Pour equal amounts of each liquid. Measure the liquids using a measuring beaker, with the idea being that you use the same ratio for each liquid layer. It is best if you have a minimum of 1 inch (2.5cm) for each layer, to make the layer differences obvious; even wider layers are preferable. The following steps explain which liquid to add in sequence, according to their density.
 3. 3
 Pour corn syrup first. As this is the densest liquid, it needs to sit at the base of the layers.
 4. 4
 Pour dish washing liquid next.
 5. 5
 Tilt the bottle while you add colored water.
 6. 6
 Tilt the bottle while you add oil.
 7. 7
 Tilt the bottle while adding colored alcohol (or rubbing alcohol).
 8. 8
 Close the cap.
 9. 9
 Your liquid stacked bottle is ready!
 10. 10
 You can even turn it upside down!
 11. 11
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text:
Sure, Jessie! The potential for a rubber plant to be poisonous depends upon which kind of plant it is. The term 'rubber plant' is used to represent a variety of different plants. This may be where your conflicting information comes from.
Certain rubber plants do have some toxic potential, depending upon the genus and species. For example, the Japanese rubber plant (Crassula arborescens) can potentially produce vomiting, depression and a loss of coordination. The ingestion of the rubber tree (Ficus elastica) and variegated rubber plant (Ficus honduras) can result in moderate gastrointestinal tract irritation. The baby or american rubber plant (Peperomia obutsifolia), along with many others of the genus Peperomia, is not considered to be toxic?although it can cause some mild stomach upset.


text:
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Parks and Historic Sites Division
Sherry D. Hearn
Use of State Quality Core Curriculum Objectives for various grade levels
and suggested activities
before and during visits are designed to ensure a quality learning experience.
Soft Drink Machine
Special Park and Historic Site Rules:
Fort Morris is owned by the state of Georgia and operated by the Department
of Natural Resources, Parks and Historic Sites Division. Visitors are
reminded that others may also be touring the site. All plants, animals
and historic features are protected by law.
Preparing Your Students:
Prior to the visit, students should receive background information about
the site. Following is an outline of content related to the site. Teachers
may use whatever portions are suitable for their classes.
QCC objectives from the State Department of Education that may be met
through this field trip are also identified for teachers' convenience.
Finally, a list of suggested activities, including maps and vocabulary
is included. Copies may be made for classroom activities.
Field Trip Presentations, Including "Living History" Programs
Standard Presentation includes:
After visiting the site students' learning may be extended and reinforced
with additional activities. A suggested list is included for teachers'


text:
In peacetime the rank of Full General is reserved for the Commander of Finnish Defence Forces. Sometimes a General's branch of service is indicated in the rank. So far Finland has had seventeen of jalkaväenkenraali (General of Infantry), a few of jääkärikenraali (Jägergeneral), two of ratsuväenkenraali (General of Cavalry) and one tykistönkenraali (General of Artillery). Marshal Mannerheim himself was the other one of the two Generals of Cavalry before his promotion to Field Marshal.
The General was inaugurated in 1937, and carried coaches and Pullmans. It received some new lightweight equipment in 1938 as part of the fleet of modernism, but it was mostly heavyweight until 1940. It was the only "Fleet of Modernism" train to be streamlined without an observation car. It lost its coaches when the Advance General was inaugurated in 1940. It was re-equipped with lightweight sleeping cars from both the pre-war Broadway, and new cars from post-war orders. At this time, it also carried the Broadway's pre-war observation cars. In 1951 the General lost its all-Pullman status when it was combined with the all-coach Trail Blazer for non-peak travel periods only. In 1952 this consolidation became permanent, and by 1960, the Trail Blazer name was dropped. In 1967 the General was renamed the Broadway Limited when that train lost its numbers and all-Pullman status.


text:
The name given to the fertile farming area of central Fife in the valley of the River Eden between Strathmiglo and Cupar. The term 'howe' is derived from an old Scots word meaning a hollow, valley or flat tract of land.
Use the tabs on the right of this page to see other parts of this entry
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Bulanglang is a very healthy dish which is hugely popular in Philippines. More or less like a salad, the dish is prepared in different ways in different regions but in most places, the basic recipe and ingredients remain the same. There are both completely vegetarian and non-vegetarian versions of the preparation.
Origin of Bulanglang
Although somewhat disputed, the origin of the dish has been traced back to the Katagalungan Region of Philippines where fruits and vegetables have always been in abundance. The main ingredient of the non-vegetarian version of the dish, the Milkfish, is also easily found in the region. The preparation is a part of everyday cooking across most Batangas households.
Bulanglang RecipeIngredients
Main ingredients of the preparation are over-ripe guava, pechay leaves, onion, garlic, radish, salt, whole pepper, finger pepper and root ginger. For the non-vegetarian version, 2 large milkfish, locally known as Bangus, are sliced and added.
Ingredients of the dish are almost always consistent. However, some prefer to change the meat used and add pork or chicken instead of fish.
Bulanglang RecipePreparation
Making the dish is fairly easy and does not take more than a few minutes. All the vegetables and fruits are combined and boiled and the milkfish, pepper and salt are added. The mixture is cooked for sometime, pechay leaves are added and Bulanglang is ready to be served.
Eating and Serving Bulanglang
The dish is served and consumed hot, especially the non-vegetarian version. Depending on individual preferences, however, it can be eaten warm, at room temperature or chilled. Guava flavoring or tamarind flavoring can be added for more taste.
Although a salad, the dish is considered a wholesome meal in itself and consumed as one. Some, however, prefer to serve it alongside a bigger lunch or dinner meal or as an appetizer.
Health and Nutrition Facts of Bulanglang
Since the dish is made entirely from vegetables and fruits and there is no frying method involved, the preparation is very healthy and a perfect food for those looking to diet. Even the non-vegetarian Bulanglang is fairly healthy as it contains fish.


text:
Report: 1 in 8 Low-Income Parents Waters Down Formula
As many as 15 percent of parents who struggle to make ends meet add water to their babies' formula, using "formula stretching" to get more out of their infant food purchases, a new study published in the journal Clinical Pediatrics has found.
The study followed Cincinnati families who qualify for federal food assistance and free formula through a program called WIC. MSNBC.com reports that the assistance isn't enough for many families:
Even though the majority of parents were receiving help through foods stamps and WIC, many did not have enough food to feed their families. In fact, some 65 percent of families ran out of WIC-supplied infant formula most months. And the result, in many cases, was that parents diluted or cut back on formula for their infants.
This kind of formula stretching may have consequences for the infants, Beck said.
"There will be a subset of children who will have what is called 'failure to thrive,'" Beck explained. "More often, though, the ramifications of this tend to be less visible — problems with cognition and behavior. In some it may lead to obesity later in life."
While some might point to breast feeding as a solution, not every mom is in the position to do this for her child. In some jobs it's virtually impossible to express milk during the day when a mom is away from her baby.
"Clearly, we encourage and actively support breastfeeding," Beck said. "The reality is that a relatively low percentage of our patients breastfeed by the time they reach us. If they do, we continue to encourage it and have a breastfeeding clinic if they need it. Although they likely wouldn't require formula, we need to do education and a nutritional assessment for mom. Also, as the first year progresses, even fewer families continue to nurse."
Image: Baby bottle, via Shutterstock


Prom Night in Mississippi
Prom Night in Mississippi
On DVD:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Running Time:
90 minutes
Proms are nights filled with dancing, bad food, limo rides, and yards of tulle. They're generally not battles in the war on racism, at least not anymore, unless you live in Charleston, Mississippi. In 1997, Freeman told the school board of his home town that he would pay for the high school prom so long as it was integrated. The school board turned him down, opting to hold the usual separate proms for white students and black students. Ten years later, Morgan Freeman made the same offer and was told it would be accepted if the senior class agreed. Prom Night in Mississippi tells the story of the journey to Charleston's first integrated prom in spring of 2008, gathering insights on the state of race relations along the way and culminating in footage of that very successful and happy night. Watching it, I went from disbelief to a mixture of anger, frustration, and sadness and finally to joyous hope.
Writer/Director Paul Saltzman does an excellent job showing the excitement of most students and the resistance of some parents and a few students to the idea of an integrated prom. He takes us to Prom Committee meeting, dress shops, and, of course, to the prom itself, but the heart of Prom Night in Mississippi is a series of interviews with students, parents, and school staff. The vast majority of students in this 70% African American high school are eager for better race relations, but they are often trapped by their parents' views. Saltzman develops an excellent rapport with a small but diverse group and gets raw, honest, sometimes halting answers. It's especially poignant when the students express their feelings of friendship for students of a different race but are unable to give an answer to the question of why they don't date outside their race or why they haven't spent any time at the home of someone of a different race.
Some of the parents organize and throw a whites only prom, leading to much angst for some students who want to go and have fun with their friends while making their parents happy, but who also don't want to hurt their black friends or appear racist. Frustratingly, the parents refuse to appear on camera, going so far as to hire an attorney to protect their right not to be seen as racist. After all, they're just having a prom for students who "happen to be white." The blurred figure of one white student who remains disguised so his parents won't disown him speaks eloquently and regretfully of the racist attitudes held by the older generations, and we do hear from some parents who insist they aren't racist, but…It's always that but that kills me, and here the buts are as sad and maddening as you would expect.
Morgan Freeman appears in brief snippets throughout the film, offering his own insights, and his lack of screen time is particularly effective because Prom Night in Mississippi is about the kids, not him. He just wanted to help change what he called "the stupidest thing he had ever heard of." Freeman does attack one of the often unspoken problems head on: the still rampant fear of black males spending time with white females because sex might occur. The one interracial couple exemplifies this. They don't hold hands in public, and the white girl's father makes his opposition more than clear, though he insists he "didn't whup her" for it and actually comes across as conflicted and loving, but stuck in his long-held fears of integration. My favorite, weepiest, moment of the film came during the prom's Senior Walk when the couple is introduced to rousing cheers from the entire student body.
Prom Night in Mississippi isn't a hard-hitting expose on racism, and it doesn't need to be. It tells the story of kids who want to be, and often are, free from the racist views that trap their parents. It is also a charming story about kids who want to dress up and have fun with their friends—all of their friends. It works wonderfully on both levels.
For special features, there are some deleted and extended scenes that give a little more insight, a decent biography of Saltzman, a theatrical trailer, and a fascinating "Conversation with the Director and Producer" featurette. The film looks fabulous for a documentary with excellent cinematography and video/audio quality. Prom Night in Mississippi is a film festival award-winning film that deserves your attention, both as a well-made documentary and as a feel-good story about some great kids trying to change their corner of the world just by dancing together.
Review by Michelle St. James


1.An adult female person; a grown-up female person, as distinguished from a man or a child; sometimes, any female person.
- Gen. ii. 22.
2.The female part of the human race; womankind.
Man is destined to be a prey to woman.
- Thackeray.
3.A female attendant or servant.
Woman hater
one who hates women; one who has an aversion to the female sex; a misogynist.
- Swift.
v. t.1.To act the part of a woman in; - with indefinite it.
2.To make effeminate or womanish.
3.To furnish with, or unite to, a woman.
Noun1.Womanwoman - an adult female person (as opposed to a man); "the woman kept house while the man hunted"
Synonyms: adult female
adult male, man - an adult male person (as opposed to a woman); "there were two women and six men on the bus"
2.woman - women as a class; "it's an insult to American womanhood"; "woman is the glory of creation"
Synonyms: womanhood
3.woman - a human female who does housework; "the char will clean the carpet"
4.woman - a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man; "he was faithful to his woman"
man - a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman; "she takes good care of her man"
(tool)woman - A replacement for the Unix man documentation browsing command. Version 1.157 of woman runs under/on 386BSD, OSF, Apollo Domain/OS, BSD, HP-UX, IBM RS-6000, Irix, Linux, Solaris, Sony NEWS, SunOS, Ultrix, Unicos.
Posted to comp.sources.reviewed Volume 3, Issue 50 on 05 Jul 1993 by Arne Henrik Juul, archive-name woman-1.157.
FTP USC, USA. FTP Imperial, UK.
To see a woman in your dream, represents nurturance, passivity, caring nature, and love. It refers to your own female aspects or may also represent your mother. Alternatively, it may indicate temptation and guilt. If you know the woman, then it may symbolize the concerns and feelings you have about her. To see an old woman in your dream, indicates aging and growing old. To see a group of women talking in your dream, refers to some gossip. To see a pregnant women in your dream, symbolizes abundant wealth.Eve, Frau, adult, better half, common-law wife, concubine, dame, daughter of Eve, distaff, distaff side, domina, donna, dowager, doxy, fair sex, female sex, feme, feme covert, femininity, femme, frow, gentlewoman, girl, goodwife, goody, grown man, grownup, helpmate, helpmeet, kept mistress, kept woman, lady, lass, legalis homo, little, major, man, married woman, matron, mature man, milady, mistress, no chicken, old lady, old woman, paramour, playmate, rib, second sex, softer sex, squaw, unofficial wife, vrouw, wahine, weaker sex, weaker vessel, wedded wife, wife, womanhood, womankind, women, womenfolk, womenfolks
Translate Woman to Spanish, Translate Woman to German, Translate Woman to French
Wollaston prism
Wollaston's doublet
Wollaston's goniometer
Wollemi pine
Wolstonian glaciation
Wolverine State
-- Woman --
woman chaser
woman hater
woman of the house
woman of the street
woman's body
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
woman's doctor
woman's hat


Recognition accuracy of current operating room alarms
R. G. Loeb, B. R. Jones, Rebecca J Leonard, K. Behrman
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
24 Scopus citations
This prospective study was performed to determine whether anesthesia clinicians (i.e., both anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists) can identify operating room alarms by their distinctive sounds and to identify factors related to alarm recognition accuracy. Nineteen alarms from 15 commonly used devices were recorded. These sounds were played, in a quiet room, to 44 anesthesia clinicians. The clinicians were asked to choose from a list the device that produced the alarm. After this recognition test, the clinicians rated the importance of each alarm and the frequency with which they heard it in the clinical situation. Clinicians correctly identified the alarm source 34% of the time. The recognition rate was higher for alarms rated as heard more frequently; however, alarms that were rated as more important were less likely to be correctly identified. Complexity of the sound did not influence accuracy of recognition. Most errors were attributed to similarities in sound or function, or both, among alarms. We conclude that anesthetists cannot reliably identify current operating room alarms by their distinctive sounds.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)499-505
Number of pages7
JournalAnesthesia and Analgesia
Issue number4
StatePublished - 1992
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Recognition accuracy of current operating room alarms'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
When Ruth Wakefield ran out of Baker's chocolate to make her chocolate cookies and decided to use pieces of a chocolate bar to finish the task, she never thought it would result in the creation of America's favorite cookie. But it did, and the rest, so they say, is history.
Ruth Graves Wakefield graduated in 1924 from the Framingham State Normal School Department of Household Arts, and for a time worked as a dietitian and food lecturer. Then in the 1930s, she and her husband Kenneth bought a small bed and breakfast near Whitman, Massachusetts named the Toll House Inn, where she prepared the meals. Soon, Ruth gained a reputation with the guests and locals alike as a fantastic cook and exceptional baker. One of her more well known treats was Butter Drop Do cookies, in which the recipe called for Baker's chocolate. One evening in 1937, while making this popular cookie, she found herself without the necessary chocolate so she decided to cut-up a chocolate bar given to her as a gift by Andrew Nestle and use it to finish her cookies. Mistakenly, she thought the pieces would melt into the dough to produce her delicious chocolate cookies. However, instead of melting, the chocolate pieces only softened.
As the story goes, while Wakefield was disappointed in her little fiasco, the resulting cookies were "decent," so she went ahead and served them to her guests. Needless to say, they were an instant hit. In fact, they were so well liked that more and more guests began requesting her to bake them during their stay at the inn.
Soon Ruth Wakefield's cookie, which she named the Chocolate Crunch Cookie, had grown so popular and the recipe in such demand that she allowed it to be printed in several New England newspapers. And as the popularity of Ruth's new cookie increased, so increased the sales of Nestle's semi-sweet chocolate bar. So much so that soon Andrew Nestle expressed the desire to print the recipe on its packaging.
Then in 1938, Ruth and the Nestle Chocolate Company reached an agreement by which Nestle would print what was renamed the Toll House Cookie recipe on the back of the bright yellow Semi-Sweet Chocolate Bar package in exchange for a lifetime supply of free chocolate with which to bake her cookies.
The Toll House Inn was built on the site of an actual 1709 toll house built on the highway between Boston and New Bedford, a prosperous whaling town. It was the place where coach passengers enjoyed a meal and short rest while the horses were changed and the toll was paid. The Wakefields operated the Inn until 1966 when it was sold. Ruth Wakefield died in 1977, and the building burned down on New Year's Eve in 1984.
Try Em: Famous Amos, Chips Ahoy! (Nabisco), Chips Deluxe (Keebler), The Decadent (Loblaw)
Some Cookie Trivia:
- It is estimated that 50% of all cookies baked at home are chocolate chip.
- The average American will eat about 35,000 cookies in their lifetime.
- Americans bake, spend more money on, and eat more cookies than any other nation in the world.
- There is an official Chocolate Chip Day in America–August 4
- The world's record for the biggest cookie ever baked is held by a 102 foot wide chocolate chip cookie that weighed 40,000 pounds, or 20 tons.


KISS, HDLC, AX.25 and friends
A while ago, I uploaded my gr-kiss out-of-tree GNUradio module to Github. This is a set of blocks to handle KISS, HDLC and AX.25, which are the protocols used in amateur packet radio. There are several other OOT modules that do similar things, but I didn't like the functionality of them very much. While programming this module, I've also noted that the documentation for these protocols is not so good sometimes. Here I'll give a brief description of the protocols and explain how everything works together.
KISS The KISS protocol was originally designed to interface a computer with a TNC (Terminal Network Controller). Think of the TNC as a sort of modem that does some modulation and low level framing functions. The idea of KISS is to move most of the processing to the host computer. Before KISS, a TNC usually performed some AX.25 related tasks. However, a KISS TNC only works with HDLC and passes raw AX.25 frames to the host. The KISS protocol is described here. It provides a way to separate frames and to send commands to the TNC. Since this protocol is so simple, it is also used in many situations where no TNC is involved. In this case, it is just used to divide a stream of data into frames. Thus, a series of packets can be saved to a file "in KISS format". These packets are usually AX.25 frames, but this need not be the case. Also, different pieces of software can exchange packets using the KISS format.
The end of a frame is marked by the byte 0xC0. The start of a frame need not be explicitly marked (but it is usually also marked with 0xC0). Several consecutive 0xC0 bytes may appear. This doesn't mean that there are empty frames between them. Empty frames are not allowed. The first byte of any frame is used to send commands to the TNC. When a TNC is not involved, the first byte is 0x00. Then the real frame bytes come after it. The byte 0xC0 can not appear anywhere inside a frame. If the data contains this byte, it is replaced by 0xDB 0xDC. If 0xDB appears in the data, it is replaced by 0xDB 0xDD.
HDLC The HDLC protocol is a data link layer protocol used in X.25 and other protocols. In AX.25, only a few functions of HDLC are used to do framing and frame integrity checking. The first remark is that usually HDLC is NRZ-I encoded. This means that a logical 0 bit is marked by a change of state (say, by changing from a positive frequency deviation to a negative frequency deviation or vice versa), and a logical 1 bit is marked by no change of state. The end of frame marker is the sequence 01111110 (or 0x7e). Note that other NRZ-I implementations follow the opposite convention. This is also used to mark the start of a frame and between frames as an idle signal. Before a frame is transmitted, several 0x7e bytes are sent to help the receiver synchronize. Also, after the frame is transmitted, it is usual to send the byte 0x7e several times to ensure that one of these flags is received without errors.
HDLC avoids long runs of 1's (which will make the receiver loose synchronization) by forbidding more than 5 consecutive 1's in the data (except for the 0x7e marker, where 6 consecutive 1's appear). Every time that 5 consecutive 1's appear in the data, a 0 is inserted after them. This is known as bit-stuffing. Of course, when the receiver gets 5 consecutive 1's, if the following bit is a 0 it should be ignored, and if it is a 1, the receiver should expect that the following bit is a 0, as this must be the last bit of the 0x7e marker.
Another important aspect of HDLC is that each byte is transmitted starting with the least significant bit. This is the opposite way as in many other protocols. The last function of HDLC that is used in AX.25 is the frame check sequence (or FCS). This is a 16 bit checksum that is appended to the data frame. The checksum is computed using CRC-16-CCITT. The FCS is sent least-significant-byte first (and remember that each byte is sent least-significant-bit first and that bit-stuffing is done).
Keep in mind that since HDLC uses NRZ-I, it isn't sensitive to the polarity of the signal. Thus a signal can be inverted in polarity without causing problems. For this reason, when BPSK is used to transmit HDLC frames, differential encoding is not used.
AX.25 The AX.25 protocol is a data link layer used by amateur radio. The framing and FCS is done using HDLC as described above. The AX.25 frames do not include the FCS or any other checksum. The details of the protocol are here. When reading that document, keep in mind that the 0x7e flags and the FCS are not really part of the AX.25 frame. This protocol has many features and it won't be described here. Since Linux can handle AX.25, it is useful to know how Linux can be used to deal with AX.25. Also, Wireshark can be used to inspect and analyse AX.25 frames.
Modulations It is also important to know how AX.25 HDLC frames are actually transmitted over the air. The first way to do it is using AFSK. This is normally used for a rate of 300 baud on the HF bands. The NRZ-I bits are transmitted as an audio signal which frequency shifts between two tones spaced 200Hz apart. The radio is set to SSB mode, so the actual emission is really FSK. The particular tones that are used are not standard, so this has to be compensated by setting the radio dial frequency correctly. It is not important whether LSB or USB mode is used, because the signal is not sensitive to polarity inversion.
The second way to do it is using FM AFSK. This is normally used for a rate of 1200 baud on the VHF and UHF bands. The NZR-I bits are transmitted as an audio signal which frequency shifts between the tones 1200Hz and 2200Hz. This audio signal is FM modulated before transmission.
The third way to do it is using G3RUH FSK. This is normally used for a rate of 9600 baud on the UHF bands. The HDLC bitstream is scrambled using a multiplicative scrambler with polynomial \(1 + x^{12} + x^{17}\) before NRZ-I encoding is done. The NRZ-I signal is then shaped (low-pass filtered) and used to drive an FM modulator directly, in order to produce an FSK signal.
The fourth way to do it is using BPSK. This is used in a few amateur satellites, using a rate of 1000 or 1200 baud. The NRZ-I bits are transmitted as a BPSK signal (differential encoding is not used). This BPSK signal can be generated as an audio signal on a computer and then used to drive an SSB transmitter.
Finally, fldigi can act as a KISS TNC, allowing to send AX.25 frames in many of the modes supported by this program. However, these digital modes are normally used for text based chat and rarely used for AX.25.
gr-kiss includes example flowgraphs showing how the 1k2 FM AFSK, 9k6 FSK and 1k2 BPSK modulations work.
Interfacing AX.25 with Linux As we have stated above, it is sometimes useful to interface an AX.25 system with Linux. To use the AX.25 functionality of Linux, first one needs to declare a "port" for each AX.25 interface that Linux will handle. The ports are declared in /etc/ax25/axports.
# /etc/ax25/axports
# The format of this file is:
# name callsign speed paclen window description
test EA4GPZ-10 38400 2000 2 test
test2 EA4GPZ-9 38400 2000 2 test2
This is an example. The speed is not very important if these ports won't connect to a hardware TNC through a serial (RS232) port.
Each of the ports needs to be attached to a serial port or a pty device (a sort of virtual serial port). If we want to connect some AX.25 software to a Linux AX.25 interface, we can use two tools: kissnetd and socat. kissnetd is used to create a pair of pty devices which are connected together. Everything written to one of the pty devices can be read on the other one and vice versa. This is fine if our AX.25 software can read and write to a pty device.
As an example, let's use kissnetd to send a KISS file to a Linux AX.25 interface. This can be used to analyse the frames with wireshark, by making wireshark capture traffic on the AX.25 interface.
# kissnetd -p 2 &
kissnetd V 1.5 by Frederic RIBLE F1OAT - ATE


Infrastructure at your Service
Steven Naudet
An Introduction to Pester – Unit Testing and Infrastructure checks in PowerShell
If you never heard of it, Pester is a PowerShell module, written in PowerShell.
It's a framework for writing and running unit tests, integration tests, and also infrastructure checks as we will see in a moment.
Pester is used for example to test PowerShell Core and Pester itself.
In this blog post, I'll do a short introduction to Pester with Installation and basic checks examples.
Pester is shipped by default with Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016. The version installed is 3.4.
The latest version is available in the PSGallery. It is currently version 5.1.
If you have the 3.4 version installed and would like to update it you will face errors with Update-Module. You need to use the following command to get the latest version:
PS C:\> Install-Module -Name Pester -Force -SkipPublisherCheck
PS C:\> Get-InstalledModule
Version Name Repository Description
5.1.0 Pester PSGallery Pester provides a framework for...
PowerShell function example
I will now show you a very basic Pester test.
Let's say I want to write a Pester test for the following PowerShell function.
This is a very basic function that reverses the string characters. This is the output:
Now that I have a working function I can start to write the Pester test.
Create a Pester Tests file
The Pester function New-Fixture will create a template file for me but you could definitely create it yourself.
By convention, Pester test files should end with "Tests.ps1".
The Tests file has been created.
I already edited the file and wrote the test.
This is what a Pester test looks like:
Pester basics
Pester is very declarative and easy to read.
You can ignore the first 3 rows in the Tests file, they came from the New-Fixture function and just dot sources the function to test into the PowerShell session.
The main commands with Pester are Describe, It, Context, and Should.
Describe is a block that contains tests. You will often have one Describe block for each function you want to test.
Context blocks are like Describe, they contain It blocks. They are optional and are useful to organize your test code.
The It block is the one that actually contains the test. The It block should have an expressive phrase describing the expected test outcome.
Finally, the Should command defines the test condition to be met. If the assertion is not met the test fails and an exception is thrown up. I used the -Be parameter. Many more are available like -BeFalse, -BeGreaterOrEqual, -BeLike, -Contain, etc.
In this example the test is simple. I set the expected value that I should get and I compare it to the actual value returned by the function.
Running Pester Tests
Now let's run the test itself with Invoke-Pester.
Also, running Invoke-Pester without any parameter will run all the "Tests.ps1" files in the current location.
So, everything is green. We can see that one test was performed and it Passed.
Now let's say another developer worked on the Get-ReverseString function and the latest change introduced a bug. Function behavior has changed and the Pester test will now throw a beautiful exception:
What is great is all the details (in red color) we can get when a test fails.
Infrastructure Testing
Pester is often used by sysadmin to do infrastructure testing. Your environment changes frequently and you need to be sure that your infrastructure is aligned with your standard.
Here are a few examples of such tests. The test is done directly inside a Pester code block not using a function like I did previously.
Check that my Windows Server Power Plan is set to High Performance.
Describe "Power Plan" {
 $PowerPlan = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace 'root\cimv2\power' | Where-Object IsActive).ElementName
 It "Should be set to High Performance" {
 $PowerPlan | Should -be "High Performance" -Because "This Power Plan increases performance"
The best practice for SQL Server disks is to have an allocation unit size of 64 KB, here is the check:
Describe "File Allocation Unit Size" {
 $BlockSize = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Volume | Where-Object DriveLetter -eq $SQLDisk).BlockSize
 It "Should be 64 KB" {
 $BlockSize | Should -Be 65536 -Because "It is recommended to set a File Allocation Unit Size value to 64 KB on partitions where resides SQL Server data or log files"
Here I used the dbatools command Get-DbaErrorLogConfig to get the number of files configured for my ErrorLog. My best practice is to have 30 files instead of 6 by default.
Describe "SQL Server Error Log Files" {
 $errorLogCount = (Get-DbaErrorLogConfig -SqlInstance $SQLInstance).LogCount
 It "Should have Number of Log files set to 30" {
 $errorLogCount | Should -Be 30 -Because "Best practices requires 30 logs files to perform daily recycling"
When all put together the output of the Tests looks like this:
As you can see I can easily validate that my SQL Server infrastructure is configured as expected.
Code Coverage
Code Coverage is the percentage of lines of code that is tested by unit tests.
It's an indicator of how thoroughly your code has been tested. Having 100% coverage doesn't mean that the code is bug-free, it just indicates that all your code is being executed during the test.
If I add some code to my Get-ReverseString.ps1 file, the -CodeCoverage functionality will tell me exactly what is not covered by tests:
This blog post was just to get you started on learning Pester. There are a lot more possibilities with Pester. I might cover some more advanced usages a future post like the TestDrive or Mocking.
Here are some resources I'd recommend:
You can find all the code from this blog post on GitHub.
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Steven Naudet
Steven Naudet


text:
Theory of personality that focuses on career and vocational choice. It groups people based on their suitability for six different categories of occupations. The six types yield the RIASEC acronym, by which the theory is also commonly known.
Young people (15 – 29 years). It can even be used when working with adults.
Step 1 (15 min): Short debate on vocational choices, the RIASEC theory and six vocational types and how we can use this knowledge in our career.
Step 2 (15 min): Participants explore Holland's model and explore what are their possible 3 top types.
Step 3 (15 min): Group debate, possible directions for discussion:
- what professions are connected with the six types,
- what competencies do you need to have for each type,
- what are the strong points of people in each type, and what do they still need to learn,
- who are good collaborators to work in a team, etc.?
Note: Best option would be for participants to solve the Hollands test, but this depends on country regulations. To perform the test yourself, you need to complete training and obtain a certificate that enables them to purchase the SDS Holland test.
LIST OF MATERIALS
It depends on you and how you decide to use this method, but we recommend:
- printout descriptions of all six vocational types and Holland's model,
- open RIASEC test,
- paper and pens.


text:
South Korea's Health-Centered Development Model
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge that underscores both the fundamental value of health and the importance of well-functioning and resilient universal health coverage. South Korea's success in building such a system should encourage today's lower-income countries to make a similar commitment.
SEOUL – The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed inequalities and weaknesses in health systems both within and across countries. Most countries initially responded poorly to the crisis, and suffered heavy human and economic losses. But some in East Asia – including South Korea – performed relatively well. In fact, South Korea's decades of efforts to build a resilient universal health-care system provide a model for today's developing countries to follow.
For starters, policymakers in low-income economies should regard health as a fundamental human right that is critical for both personal development and a country's sustainable economic growth. Healthier children are likely to perform better academically and become healthier, more productive adults. Likewise, establishing a robust and widely accessible health system is necessary to strengthen health security in the face of unpredictable shocks such as COVID-19.
The third goal established by the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG 3) commits all countries to work toward achieving universal health coverage (UHC), including access to quality essential health-care services and safe, effective, and affordable medicines and vaccines, by 2030. But the world is currently far from meeting these targets. More than half of the world's people do not have full access to essential health services, and many countries are struggling to acquire sufficient COVID-19 vaccines for their citizens.


Documentation Center
 - Trial Software
 - Product Updates
Determining Profiler Coverage
When you run the Profiler on a file, some code might not run, such as a block containing an if statement.
To determine how much of a file ran when you profiled it, run the Coverage Report:
 1. In the Command Window, type profile viewer.
 2. Profile a MATLAB® code file in the Profiler.
 For detailed instructions, see Profiling for Improving Performance.
 3. Ensure the Profiler is not currently profiling.
 The Profiler displays a Start Profiling button when the Profiler is not running. If the Profiler is running, then do one of the following:
 - Wait for it to stop profiling before proceeding to step 4.
 - Click Stop Profiling.
 The Stop Profiling button is available only when the Profiler is running.
 4. Use the Current Folder browser to navigate to the folder containing the file for which you ran the Profiler.
 5. On the Current Folder browser, click, and then select Reports > Coverage Report.
 The Profiler Coverage Report appears, providing a summary of coverage for the file you profiled. In the image that follows, the profiled file is lengthofline2.m.
 6. Click the Coverage link to see the Profile Detail Report for the file.
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April 10, 2020 by admin 0 Comments
The extruder nozzle heats up the polymer and outputs it. Does the heat affect the biomaterials?
If the material is ejected at 70 degrees Celsius, such as PCL, in addition to the bio-material for the dispenser, there is no heat damage. However, if dual output is intended with biomaterials foe dispensers, polymers such as PLGA and PLLA with high melting points may have heat-induced effects on cells.


Zehnder Communications, Inc.
Banks and Customers: Do They Really Have Relationships? Zehnder Turns the Question Around And Finds a Few Surprises
In a post-digital world, retail bankers realize the future of their industry is not one of pure technology. While smartphones and websites certainly have changed the banking landscape, research shows a rising demand for multi-channel service – a mix of mobile, digital, call center and in-person options.
Despite the increased role of technology, the sense of personal relationship between bankers and customers is still a relevant issue. Indeed, through our agency's work in the retail banking space, we see the multi-channel model essentially ensuring that personal relationships will remain relevant.
Do those kinds of relationships exist? Many bankers say they do, but what about customers? How does each side perceive its relationship with the other, and how well do they match up?
In other words, is there a difference between what bankers see as their customers' priorities and what customers say their priorities really are?
By placing just a slight twist on the question, we found some meaningful and eye-opening results between both bankers and consumers.
So what exactly did we do? In September 2018, Zehnder conducted an online survey of 500 respondents ‒ 400 consumers, as well as 100 bankers with varying levels of decision-making power ‒ all distributed equally in the South, West, Northeast and Midwest.
Our survey was built around four main questions:
 - Would you say you have a personal relationship with your bank?
 - If you do not have a personal relationship with your bank, what reason would prompt you to start one?
 - How comfortable would you be if your bank does not have a physical location?
 - How much do you trust a bank with no physical location?
There were some notable exceptions, but the results showed that bankers were generally much more convinced of relationships than customers ‒ more than 80 percent of bankers compared to 56 percent of consumers.
Among consumers, perceptions differed along a number of criteria. Older customers and males were more likely to perceive a relationship, while females and younger customers were not.
Interestingly, attitudes varied especially among geographical regions. In the South, for example, nearly 90 percent of bankers surveyed said they have a relationship with most clients. That compared with only 50 percent of Southern consumers surveyed.
Bankers in the West were among the least confident in relationships. In that region, a relatively high 18 percent said they were unsure, while only 26 percent said they "definitely" have a relationship, among the lowest figures nationwide.
The responses revealed other interesting differences. While African-American and white customers were generally even on the question of banker relationships, Asian customers weren't as sure. Nearly 40 percent of Asians expressed at least some doubt, the highest among all ethnic groups.
In short, Zehnder's research shows there are some real differences between banks and customers when it comes to the perception of relationships. The bigger question is how much does that matter? The answer is that it depends.
When we asked consumers how much they would trust a bank with no physical location, 53 percent said "a great deal" or "a lot." There were a few variations among regions and age groups, but less than a quarter went as far as saying they would place little or no trust in such a bank.
So consumers are less apt to perceive the existence of a relationship than their bankers are. Yet, consumers are still willing to trust banks, even those without a physical location. What does that insight say about the way your financial services company communicates with customers?
Zehnder is a full-service advertising agency that specializes in education, financial services, food-and-beverage, health care and travel and tourism. With offices in New Orleans, Nashville and Baton Rouge, we help clients all over the country develop a deeper understanding of their industry and how to turn those discoveries into better marketing.
To learn more about our research, contact Jen Boneno at or _PHONE_ to find out more.
Let's Talk.


text:
CA1720: Identifiers should not contain type names
The name of a parameter in an externally visible member contains a data type name.
The name of an externally visible member contains a language-specific data type name.
Names of parameters and members are better used to communicate their meaning than to describe their type, which is expected to be provided by development tools. For names of members, if a data type name must be used, use a language-independent name instead of a language-specific one. For example, instead of the C# type name 'int', use the language-independent data type name, Int32.
Each discrete token in the name of the parameter or member is checked against the following language-specific data type names, in a case-insensitive manner:
In addition, the names of a parameter are also checked against the following language-independent data type names, in a case-insensitive manner:
If fired against a parameter:
Replace the data type identifier in the name of the parameter with either a term that better describes its meaning or a more generic term, such as 'value'.
If fired against a member:
Replace the language-specific data type identifier in the name of the member with a term that better describes its meaning, a language-independent equivalent, or a more generic term, such as 'value'.
Occasional use of type-based parameter and member names might be appropriate. However, for new development, no known scenarios occur where you should suppress a warning from this rule. For libraries that have previous shipped, you might have to suppress a warning from this rule.


text:
As part of voluntary water conservation efforts, Arvada residents were recently asked not to water their lawns between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Understandably, the City has received a number of calls asking why we haven't followed our own advice in our City Parks. The primary reason why watering often occurs in parks during those daylight hours is that given the many hundreds of acres that require watering and the number of irrigation zones in any given park, there are simply not enough hours between 6:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. to complete the cycle.
Another reason daytime watering occurs in places like the Stenger/Lutz complex is due to the high use of the complex on weekends and three-day holiday periods. During these periods the turf areas lose the base level of soil moisture required for plant health and player safety, thus requiring additional watering during weekdays when the fields are not in use.
Finally, annual seed/sod repair and grounds rehabilitation can account for short watering cycles throughout the day at specific locations. For example, when the City upgrades a median by putting in new seed, plants and trees, additional watering may be required to get the landscaping established.
The City does monitor its usage and works to keep volume below its historical use. We are proud to say that as a whole our Parks Department is using less water on the whole than it would in a regular year.
Thank you for your contributions – together we can make a difference!


text:
Looking for unisex fantasy names, here we have 100+ fantasy names that are suitable for both baby boys and baby girls. Fantasy names became a new trend among parents for naming their baby as they're different from regular names and also look new.
Fantasy names are taken from fantasy novels and movies; for instance, all the marvel characters' names are fantasy names. Likewise, everyone familiar with Shakespeare's novels' names, and they're very famous among baby names. Jessica is one of my favorites. What's yours?
Unisex fantasy names are scarce to find, and also, there are no articles on the internet, so we have decided to provide them for you. Baby naming is a wonderful gift for every parent, and they should give a perfect name for their baby.
If any parent commits any naming mistake that may result in hurting their child when they grow up, be careful in finalizing a name. Now without wasting our time, we get into the topic.
Top Unisex Fantasy Names
- Aeryn: A female character from Farscape TV series.
- Frankie: A fictional boy character from the novel 'The Member of the Wedding (1946)'.
- Axton: Lead role name from Borderlands 2 video game.
- Beverly: A female character from Star Trek.
- Squire: A character from the very old novel Tom Jones(1749).
- Echo: A character's name from Dollhouse. Echo seems like a girl's name but it can also be used as a boy's name.
- Ezri: A female role from Star Trek series.
- Auryn: Auryn means gold and it is of Celtic origin. A role from 'The Neverending Story'.
- Faris: It means knight and is an Arabic name. It is more known as a boy's name. A female game character from Final Fantasy V.
- Iris: In Greek origin, Iris means rainbow. A role from The Flash. Iris can be considered as a unisex name. If we see some sources, some people mentioned it as a female name while some people said it as unisex.
- Enoch: A character from the poem Enoch Arden (1864).
- Alyx Vance: A video game character from Half-Life 2.
- Morrigon: Goddess of war in Iris origin and a character from Dragon Age video game.
- Nyx: Greek Goddess of night and lead role from comic series NYX.
- Fran: A video game role from Final Fantasy series. It means from France or free man.
- Revan: A character from Star Wars video game.
- Jamil: It means beautiful and a role from Anita Blake novel.
- Arya: A character name from Game of Thrones and also in Star Wars.
- Susan: The meaning of this name is lily and is a character from Narnia.
- Brooke: A character from the novel Be more chill and several fictional characters are with the name Brooke.
- Madison: A fictional female video game character from Heavy Rain. It is more famous as a girl's name.
- Seraphine: A name of Hebrew origin it means burning ones. It is famous as a girl's name. A role from World of Warcraft.
- Seren: It means star. This name is more known as a girl's name but it is a unisex name. A character from the Gossip Girl novel series.
- Elexis: A female video game character from SiN series.
- Bailey: George Bailey is a role from the movie It's a wonderful life (1946)
- Shasta: It means "From The Triple-peaked Mountain" and a male role name from Narnia.
- Julian: It means youthful and is a role from Chronicles of Amber.
- Blair: A character from the anime Soul Eater.
- Reiko: It is of both German and Japanese origin and a fictional female video game role from Rage Racer.
- Tyris: A princess role from Goldex Axe video game.
ALSO READ: Best Fantasy Girl Names
Popular Fantasy Unisex Names
- Alfie: A fictional character from Peaky Blinder and the full name is Alfie Solomons
- Aubrey: It means elf ruler. A role from Anita Blake novel.
- Kairi: A role from Kingdom Hearts game. It means ocean village and it is of Japanese origin.
- Christie: A female villain character from Dead or Alive game.
- Vivian: Villain role from Paper Mario game.
- Linden: Linden Cullen is a fictional role from Holby City.
- Clay: A fictional role from Pokemon and others.
- Brent: David Brent is a fictional character from the television mockumentary The Office.
- Rhun: A role from Dark Tower series.
- Lennox: A soldier role from Transformers in the name of William Lennox.
- Eric: A character from Chronicles of Amber.
- Rilian: It means small stream and a character from Narnia.
- Brand: A male role from Chronicles of Amber
- Cassidy: It means clever and Hopalong Cassidy is a cowboy hero character from E. Mulford's novels
- Alex: A role from Power Rangers.
- Logan: I think it needs no explanation.
- Campbell: Billy Campbell is the title character from The Rocketeer
- Darby: Randall Darby is a mutant role from Marvel comics
- Finn: A character from Star Wars and more.
- Asher: It means blessed and of Hebrew origin. A character from Anita Blake novel.
- Bree: The name means strength and is a role from Chronicles of Narnia.
- Colin: It is more likely a male name and a character name from Anita Blake.
- Tirian: It means kind and a role from Narnia.
- Eddie: There are a lot of fictional characters with this name. For example Eddie Brock from Venom
- Daryl: A role from the horror series The Walking Dead with the name Daryl Dixon.
- Billie: Billie Reed is a lead from the soap opera Days of our lives.
- Flynn: A famous character Flynn Rider from Disney's Tangled.
- Jordan: A role from Disney Pixar's film Inside Out.
- Carson: It is a Scottish surname and Carson is a fictional character from Venus series and more examples
- Randall: The meaning of this name is wolf shield and a role from Dark Tower novel.
- Fred: It means a peaceful ruler is of Germanic origin. A character from Discworld novel.
- Stevie: Stevie Hunter is a role from Marvel comics.
- Bennett: Elizabeth Bennett is a female character from Pride and Prejudice.
- Riley: A major character from Disney Pixar's Inside Out.
- Terry: A fictional role from Reno 911.
- Addison: A lead role from ABC TV series Dr. Addison Montgomery.
- Finley: A lead from Disney movie Oz the Great and Powerful.
- Adrian: A female fictional character from Creed II.
- Robin: A fictional character from DC comics.
- Tanner: Bill Tanner is lead from James Bond
- Kendall: A role from soap opera All My Children with the name Kendall Hart.
- Glenn: From the video game Chrono Cross.
- Spencer: Character from Beyblade.
- Remy: Rat name from Ratatouille and also from Gambit Marvel comics.
- Henry: Henry Hawk is a role from Looney Tune and more.
- Harper: There is a number of examples with this name. Just Google it.
- Emerson: Fictional characters like Michael Emerson, Radcliffe Emerson, and more.
- Cameron: Female character from TV series Terminator and more references.
- Elliott: A character from Mr. Robot with the name Elliott Alderson.
- Jessie: Shorten version of Shakespeare's Jessica.
- Shawn: A role from Barney & Friends.
- Morgan: A role name from the Walking Dead.
- Ryan: There is a TV series named Ryan.
- Quinn: Harley Quinn is a character from DC comics.
- Lane: In Mad Men with the name Lane Pryce.
- Nova: A fictional role from Marvel comics.
- Sage: Member of X-Men
- Reese: John Reese is a role from the TV series Person of Interest
- Gabriel: Character from Minecraft story mode and more are there with this name.
- Hadley: Hadley Hale is a fictional role from True Blood.
- Jade: A character from Sofia the First.
- Reagan: It is a character from Shakespeare's novel and other examples.
- Quincy: A fictional role from Little Einsteins and others.
- Parker: As Peter Parker from Spider-Man.
- Tracy: Title from Dick Tracy (1934).
- Kyrie: A female lead from the video game Devil May Cry 4.
- Nikita: A title role from Nikita series.
- Wallace: A character from Pokemon.
- Paige: Role from X-Men.
- Whitney: A role from Barney & Friends.
- Tobin: A princess character from Dragon Prince novel.
- Ray: A superhero name from DC comics.
ALSO READ: Biblical Boy Names
What are your thoughts on the above names? I hope you've loved this post. It's difficult to find unisex fantasy names. We spent lots of time to find these names.
Don't forget to cross-check with other sources and some names have one or more examples, but we took one. Kindly share with others. Thanks for reading. Have a good day.


text:
Analysis of DNA Metabolism in Fission Yeast.
Antequera F., Humphrey TC.
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an excellent model organism to study DNA metabolism, in which the DNA replication and repair mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. In this introduction we describe a range of methods commonly used to study aspects of DNA metabolism in fission yeast, focusing on approaches used for the analysis of genome stability, DNA replication, and DNA repair. We describe the use of a minichromosome, Ch16, for monitoring different aspects of genome stability. We introduce two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescent visualization of combed DNA molecules for the analysis of DNA replication. Further, we introduce a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assay to physically monitor chromosome integrity, which can be used in conjunction with a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair assay to genetically quantitate different DSB repair and misrepair outcomes, including gross chromosomal rearrangements, in fission yeast.


cash discount Capacent
A common scenario. The Customer demands a better price in a market with decreasing prices, and the supplier agrees by offering additional 3% discount through a payment term; Current 30 days net term will be changed to a term with two options: 8 days with -3% price discount or 30 days net.
Is this a good deal for the buyer? It seems so, but a couple of counter-arguments to think otherwise.
Argument 1: Experienced salespeople can price in the cash discount
Commercial contracts typically have many elements that are negotiated between the buyer and the supplier. Experienced salespeople give something to their customer and require something back, during this years' negotiation, or at a later stage. In this case, prices are decreasing in the market, so the buyer has valid argumentation to require price decreases from the supplier. The supplier knows this, and she accepts the discounts (that she might have to accept in any case), as an exchange for a better payment term for her company.
Argument 2: Cash discount terms do not make sense financially
The net term and the discounted term are almost never true alternatives using common sense. What does 8 days with -3% price discount or 30 days net mean in practice? One has an option to pay in 8 days or borrow money for an additional 22 days with an annual interest rate of 50%. So, the only apparent reasons for the supplier to grant you a discount this big is that the supplier is in financial distress or, as discussed above, the supplier can price the discount in.
Argument 3: Cash discount effectively ties the buyers' hands in negotiations and payment process
Having agreed to a payment term with cash discount, the buyer is in a very difficult position to negotiate extensions to the payment term. If the buyer opens discussion considering the term, the supplier immediately directs the discussion to the discount.
Also, the buyer organization's payment process suffers. An efficient way to manage payments is many times with just one weekly payment round. However, if you want to make cash discount payments just in time, you must arrange those payments daily.
Case example
In an earlier working capital optimization project, our European customer aggressively approached suppliers to extend net terms and improve product net prices. Their approach involved systematic negotiation and tendering that was carefully prepared through financial analysis, benchmarks and story creation. As an example, best contracts included 7% net price discounts and 120 days payment terms. Apart from careful preparations, the key success factor was a complete focus on the business partnership, not only negotiating prices or payment terms in isolation.
Katso Läpinäkyvyyttä hinnoitteluun -webinaaritallenne, jossa kerromme, miten parannat katettasi tilkitsemällä hinnoittelun vuotokohdat.
Katso Läpinäkyvyyttä hinnoitteluun -webinaaritallenne
redline (1)
Mikko Myllys is Capacent's sales and marketing director in Finland. Mikko holds over 15 years of experience in working capital management, management consulting and change consulting from various industries.