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Planning in all its (dis)guises: spheres of government, functional areas and authority
The Constitution determines that the legislative and executive powers regarding'regional planning and development', 'urban and rural development', 'provincial planning' and'municipal planning' are divided among the three spheres of government. Yet the boundaries between these items listed in Schedules 4 and 5 of the Constitution are opaque and their precise content is not always apparent. Overlaps, conflicts and uncertainty may occur. In a number of landmark decisions the courts have provided content to these different functional areas. Clarity on what'municipal planning' comprises leads to more certainty on the content of the other planning areas. Draft legislation such as the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Bill (B14-2012) can also assist in adding substance to a demarcation of these different functional areas. Yet uncertainties still remain, occasioned by constitutional provisions such as sections 100, 139(1) and 155(6)-(7), that permit intervention by national and provincial government in provinces and municipalities respectively, as well as the support and monitoring by provincial government in respect of municipalities. Few clear solutions are immediately apparent. The role of the constitutional principles of co-operative government where uncertainty and conflict exist is examined, especially where no veto of one sphere over another is possible. Principles of interpretation can also assist in delineating the boundaries of the different functional areas. It seems, however, that the courts will find themselves having to address the remaining inconsistencies.


text:
The need for corpora of interpreting discourse in translation studies is gradually increasing. The research of AV
translation is another rapidly developing sphere, thus corpora of subtitling and dubbing would also be quite useful. The main reason of the lack in such resources is the difficulty of obtaining data and the inevitability of manual data input. An interpreting corpus would be a collection of transcripts of speech in two or more languages with part of the transcripts aligned. The subtitling and dubbing corpora can be designed using the same principles. The structure of the corpus should reflect the polyphonic nature of the data. Thus, markup becomes extremely important in these types of corpora. The research presented in this paper deals with corpora of Finnish-Russian interpreting
discourse and subtitling. The software package developed for processing of the corpora includes routines specially written for studying speech transcripts rather than written text. For example, speaker statistics function calculates number of words, number of pauses, their duration, average speech tempo of a certain speaker.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Once you have
VM role enabled with your subscription, you can start working on VM Role using
the step by step guide provided as below:
After finished creating your VHD for VMRole, and uploading using
CSUPLOAD script, you may following error:
Error: An unexpected error occurred: The requested operation requires
Reason: This error could occurred when your
Command Prompt is not running in Administrator mode.
Solution: Please start the Command Prompt in
Administrator mode to avoid this error.


Productive Conversations Require "Key" Elements
productive conversations
Productive conversations are so important to sales, but many reps don't know how to have them. Effective communication requires some thought and effort but will pay off in the long run with increased trust, rapport and sales. "Sales conversations aren't always straightforward, and your ability to nail one rests on a few key elements that aren't necessarily obvious," writes HubSpot's Jay Fuchs. His list of these "key" elements will help reps learn just what makes productive conversations and how to put them into practice.
 1. Know their pain points
 2. Reveal value
 3. Project authority
 4. Keep it conversational, comfortable
Productive conversations require research, thought
Read on for just four of the seven aspects that Fuchs discusses. Remember, it's a combination of all these elements that lead to productive conversations; reps shouldn't cherry-pick when it comes to these!
Know their pain points. This element goes hand-in-hand with research (one of the other necessary aspects noted by Fuchs). Fully understanding your prospects' pain points is necessary preparation for your conversations. By having a clear grasp of what's challenging them, you can effectively craft a dialogue that sheds even more light on how you can help. This preparation can give your talks a boost in the right direction, and if you aren't sure how to start, Fuchs has some suggestions. "Components of your research relating to factors like a company's industry, scale, market position, competitive landscape, current solutions leveraged, and performance should be very telling into the kinds of problems it might be dealing with," he suggests.
Reveal value. Gone are the days when salespeople would rattle off features of their product. Today's buyers want to know what's in it for them, and they want to know as soon as possible. Value is imperative to productive conversations. "What you need is a value proposition and a value statement that explains fully how you help others, how they win, how you serve in terms of the customer, and how that leads to loyal customers and referrals. And a mission statement that matches it," explains Jeffrey Gitomer in a Media Sales Today post. Integrating this into your dialogue leads to productive conversations that move the sales process forward. "Ultimately, your prospects won't care about your solution's features if you can't show how applying those features can improve their companies' operations," Fuchs writes.
Be mindful of your tone and mood
Project authority. It's important that the prospect views you as an authority who can provide insight, knowledge and guidance. But Fuchs warns against coming across as dominating. Productive conversations require a driver (the rep), but the journey also includes others (the prospect(s). Keep this in mind when conversing; you can be assertive but also mindful of sharing the floor with the prospect. Approach these conversations as a leader and a collaborator. As Fuchs explains, "Hear them out, and use your expertise and experience to offer viable, relevant answers to their questions as they come up…Both parties have a stake in the conversation, so make sure there's some give and take."
Keep it conversational, comfortable. Just because you're discussing business doesn't mean you need to leave out warmth and personality. "Prospects want to know you care about their business," Denise Gibson, director of Admall sales, explains. "They can hear passion in your voice. You have to believe in what you are selling." Productive conversations include valuable, important business information, as well as friendly back-and-forth, unscripted remarks and humor. "Prospects are most inclined to buy when they're comfortable," Fuchs adds. "Always keep that in mind when conducting your sales conversations, and tailor your tone, language, and general attitude to put them at ease."
Keep the prospect top of mind
Productive conversations are driven by the salesperson's interest in the prospect and their business. The drive to find a solution for the prospect, and the necessary elements Fuchs discusses, will lead to fruitful, valuable conversations that get results.
Photo by Leon on Unsplash
Jessica Helinski
Jessica Helinski


Farm, sell & earn on CropBytes like in the real world.
CropBytes Game Economy Explained.
CropBytes - crypto economy explained
CropBytes is a farming simulation game with a virtual economy. Players use real cryptocurrencies for money in the CropBytes economy.
Economic activities like producing, buying & selling help the economy grow. Every asset in the game is essential to the economy, they have real value and are tangled with economic activities.
The game replicates the real world by being volatile & transitional. Players create economic trends & by playing out their strategies in the game.
Image for post
"CropBytes is a real-life simulation in a virtual world that uses cryptocurrency"
Here is an example of how it works:
The animals who consume 'Corn Feed' are more in numbers. They collectively require 1000 Corn Feed' a day, while daily 'Carrot Feed' required in the economy is 300.
Carrot Crops' take 5 days to grow, while 'Corn Crops' take 1 day. Only one crop can grow at a time on a piece of 'Crop Land'.
Players are free to produce crops and fruits of their choice. To grow their business, players will ideally grow crops that have higher demand. Though its hard to say what other farmers are growing.
Let's consider a situation where 'Carrot Feed' has a higher demand in the market, What will happen?
 - The price of 'Carrot Feed' will rise.
 - Players will stop growing corn and grow carrots instead.
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80–90% of players are growing carrot crops now. Players with multiple lands are growing both.
The demand for 'Corn Feed' will be the same as before, but supply will not be adequate & cause the price to rise.
Image for post
This cycle is present in the real world, It is recreated in the CropBytes economy all by itself!
CropBytes is the most advanced simulation game with carefully crafted economics to give life like experiences in the virtual world, and tangible profits in the real world.
As more players join, the economy grows, activity increases, and so does the real-world value of the game. Enabling players to make more profits for time and money invested in the game.
The future of gaming is here.
Start Now!
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Social Loafing
Definition: Social Loafing is in psychology and sociology regarded as the tendency of individuals to reduce efforts when working on a collective task (i.e., when outputs are pooled with those of other group members) as compared to when the individual works alone. It happens because all members of the group are combining their efforts to reach a common goal. The group members tend to contribute less than what they would if they had to do a task alone.
The phenomenon is regarded as one of the main reasons groups are often less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals.
More on social loafing.
More on team management: Belbin Team Roles, Social Facilitation, Team Development Stages.


text:
Development of Elderly's Digital Skills Through Family Learning
KA204 – STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS FOR ADULT EDUCATION
first transnational training event
"VALUES, VIRTUES, INTEGRITY" FOUNDATION, BULGARIA
Foundation "Values, Virtues, Integrity" hosted the first project training activity in June of 2021. 10 adult educators from partner countries come to Bulgaria, and Sofia, where according to the program prepared by the host organization, learn and exchange experiences on combining art education and digital activities for family learning. Workshops on silk painting, finger painting, and the creation of pictures using natural materials have been organized. Participants learned how to use CANVA program to create digital artwork.
Follow the link to view the virtual exhibition of artworks created by training participants.
SECOND transnational training event
NAZHAYAT ASSOCIATION, TURKEY
NAZHAYAT hosted the second transnational training event in October of 2021. The task of the event was to enrich adult educators' competencies with knowledge and skills on improving digital competencies through humanitarian and social skills. Participants visited Aphrodisia open aır museum, participated in pottery and beadwork workshops and learned a lot about the local heritage and crafts. The Kahoot quiz was created to check the knowledge acquired during the cultural visits. Participants of this training also learned how to use Ahnenblatt program for genealogy and family tree creation.
THIRD transnational training event
UTENA A. AND M. MISKINIAI PUBLIC LIBRARY, LITHUANIA
Utena A. and M. Miskiniai Public Library became a hoster of the third transnational training activity which was organized in February of 20022. The task of the event was to enrich adult educators' competencies with Family Digital Activities Centre's experience in advanced technologies: virtual reality, gamification, interactive educational tools, and robots. Participants of this program learned how to use Actionbound and Comic Strip for educational purposes.
FOURTH transnational training event
EDU VITA, ITALY
EDU VITA hosted the fourth transnational training activity of the project. It was organized in Lecce, Italy in May of 2022. The purpose of the event – disseminate the intergenerational learning experience, highlighting its importance to older people. Participants attended the digital storytelling workshop and learned:
- to use the WeVideo app to create digital stories.
- To use the Subtitles Edit program to create subtitles for video
- To create a quiz with Quizizz


the manager should trial different management actions, and use the results of that trial to decide on the best course of action. Such trials can certainly improve subsequent management.
But research costs money – money that might have been better put toward management. Further, even trialling two options means that, almost inevitably, one of the trialled actions will be inferior to the other. So opportunity costs are likely to exist in almost any trial, even if the research itself were cheap.
The trade-off between learning and doing lies at the heart of adaptive management. My recent paper led by Alana Moore addresses this trade-off, using the simplest formulation of the problem that we could muster. In that case we only considered resolving a choice between two management options. Our hope was to gain greater insight into the question of the circumstances in which research assists environmental management.
The answers surprised us in several instances. One surprise was the threshold behaviour that existed in many parameters. For example, as the expected difference in performance of the two management options increases, the optimal effort to spend on experimentation increases, but only up to a point. Once the threshold difference in performance is sufficiently large, the optimal level of experimentation declines to zero.
This threshold makes some intuitive sense; once we are relatively sure of the difference in performance, then we shouldn't bother with an experiment to evaluate that. However, prior to reaching that threshold, the optimal effort to spend on the experiment increases with the expected difference in performance; that is somewhat counter intuitive. Other thresholds also exist.
Another surprise is that circumstances in which the investment in management trials is greatest do not necessarily correspond to the circumstances in which the benefit of trials is the greatest. Cases exist when relatively modest investment in trials can lead to large expected management gains. And counter-cases exist in which large investments in trialling options is the best thing to do, but the benefits of those trials are quite small.
I love this sort of modelling – simple models leading to somewhat counter-intuitive insights. You can read about them more in the paper, or in a previous blog post I wrote regarding a talk I did on this topic.
The paper is:
Moore, A. L., Walker, L., Runge, M. C., McDonald-Madden, E. and McCarthy, M. A. (2017). Two-step Adaptive Management for choosing between two management actions. Ecological Applications. doi:10.1002/eap.1515
Posted in Ecological models, Uncategorized | Tagged,,,,,,,,,,, | 1 Comment


text:
Digital Communications 2 (91023)
Students answer multiple-choice and real-number questions, and perform troubleshooting exercises to demonstrate competency as they master course objectives. With up to 12 circuit faults to troubleshoot and 20 circuit modifications to observe and measure, FACET-trained students master skills necessary for employment and advanced studies.
The Circuit Board is mounted in a sturdy polystyrene tray for easy handling and connection to the Base Unit. The active components are in sockets for easy replacement. To permit the examination and testing of several different circuits, the student uses two-post connectors to quickly configure partially wired circuits within each circuit block. The circuits contain test points for the student to measure the electrical parameters.
The FACET Base Unit provides regulated ±15-volt DC power and protection to the circuit components. The Circuit Board is a multi-layer, G-10, glass-epoxy PC board with 2-ounce copper and has a black matte coating to enhance readability of circuit diagrams that appear in white.
The photograph shows the Digital Communications 2 Circuit Board. For more details on FACET Circuit Boards and Courses, please click here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Status In Oklahoma, the number of dwarf pipeworts is declining as a result of fire suppression. Previously, the species was a Category 2 (58 FR 188; September 30, 1993), but currently has no Federal status.
Dwarf pipewort can be as either an annual or biennial plant. It flowers in mid-May.
Dwarf pipewort grows in acid seeps and glades in the sand hillsides in southeastern Oklahoma. It grows on granite outcrops in the Georgia Piedmont region. Populations are widely scattered, but single populations of dwarf pipewort usually have numerous individuals.
Populations of dwarf pipewort are scattered along the Piedmont of Georgia, the Ozarks of Arkansas, and the Coastal Plain of Oklahoma and Texas. Dwarf pipewort occurs in three southeastern Oklahoma counties: Atoka, Muskogee, and Pushmataha.
Because of its small size, dwarf pipewort can be difficult to find. It is easiest to locate in flower, when the clusters of white to gray-green betray its presence. Also, the growth of dwarf pipewort is highly dependent upon precipitation. In years of low rainfall, it may not be evident at sites where it was abundant in previous years. Ten-angled pipewort (E. decangulare) is the only other species of pipewort in Oklahoma. Unlike dwarf pipewort, it has white flowers and the flowering heads have long hairs.
Causes of Decline
Habitat loss, as a result of wetland draining, is a serious threat to populations of dwarf pipewort. Natural disturbances, such as fire, are also necessary for such a small plant to persist. In the absence of fire, neighboring vegetation will grow taller than dwarf pipewort and shade it out. Fires help to remove competing vegetation.
Known populations should be protected from wetland conversion and draining. Natural disturbance regimes should also be reestablished at sites harboring dwarf pipewort.
Dwarf pipeworts are small (approximately 2-4 inches [5-10 cm] tall) and grasslike in appearance. Leaves are in tufts that appear to grow directly out of the ground. They are erect, thin, pale green, hairless (=glabrous) and up to 1 3/8 (3.5 cm) inches long and 1/32 inch (1 mm) wide. Each leaf has three distinct veins. Inflorescences are composed of minute flowers in a tight cluster (=head) at the apex of a stalk (=peduncle). There may be up to 25 peduncles per plant. Each peduncle grows to approximately 4 inches (10 cm) in height. The basal sheath is approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) tall. Heads are spherical or hemispherical with a few hairs or hairless. Flowers white to gray-green with both a calyx and corolla. Sepals and petals number either two each or three each. Flowers are imperfect (=some flowers have stamens but no pistils, while others may have pistils and no stamens). Both types of flower generally occur on the same plant. There twice a s many stamens as petals. Pistils have two or three stigmas, one style, and a one-, two-, or three-celled ovary.


text:
Happy Holi..Everyone..!Better late than never…!😋
Gujiya is a snack specially prepared during the Holi festival. Towards the north of India, it is known as gujiya whereas towards the South, it is called as Ada.
- All purpose flour: 1 cup
- Wheat flour: 1/4 cup
- Salt: 1 tspn
- Water as required
- Vegetable oil to deep fry
For the filling:
- Coconut: 1/2 cup, grated
- Ghee: 2 tspn
- Cashew nut: 4-5 broken
- Peanut butter: 1 tbspn
- Banana: 1 chopped
- In a bowl, mix the flour and salt.
- Add water as required, and knead it with hand until it has a consistency of a roti or puri dough.
- Let it rest for a while(until the filling is prepared).
- Filling: In a pan, add ghee and roast the cashews.Add the rest of the ingredients for the filling and saute well.Keep it aside and let it cool.
- Make small balls of the dough. Spread it with hand or a rolling pin. Cut it with a round cookies cutter. Place one spoonful filling onto it and fold and press the edges.
- Make a design by pinching and twisting all along the sealed edges or use a dumpling mould.
- Similarly, repeat the same with the other balls.
- In a kadai, pour vegetable oil as required to deep fry the gujiyas.
- Once the oil is hot, fry them until it turns golden brown all over.
- Place it on a kitchen tissue paper.
- Serve it hot with chocolate syrup.
Usually, once deep fried, gujiya is dipped in sugar syrup and then served. (Why not a twist with chocolate syrup in gujiya..😋)


12 at 17:26
One example of what I'm struggling with. To efficiently delete an element from a linked list I need the pointer to the previous element; from an array, the element's index; from a set, the element itself; and so on. I was trying to design an iteration protocol that provides me such things uniformly from all classes, but I feel if it makes sense, it would have been done already. So perhaps I'm on the wrong path. – max May 1 '12 at 17:47
If you want to find the 17th element in a linked list, start at the head and follow the first 16 next links. Works fine but it's slow because a linked list is not an array. Want to insert an element at the beginning of an array? Move all the others up one spot first. Again, works fine but it's slow because an array is not a linked list. This is just what I was saying above: to impose a standard interface on these different structures is to lose the features which make them different and useful. – William Shakespeare May 1 '12 at 18:21
That's why I'm asking for an efficient common interface. If you already iterated through a list, and you want to delete the element you found, you need to be given, during the iteration, a pointer to the previous element. When you already iterated through an array, and you want to delete an element you found, you need to be given, during the iteration, the index of the element. Of course some operations would still take longer; e.g., removal from an array is slower than from a list - but at least I won't have to search for the element before I can remove it! – max May 1 '12 at 18:37
It sounds like you're looking for the strategy pattern. What you'll do is define your own interface (like find-nearest-neighbors(NumericCollection) or find-closest-value(NumericCollection, Integer)) and provide several implementations of it. Details of calling the various implementations are necessarily language-specific, but as long as each supports the defined interface, you should have a good basis for comparison.
share|improve this answer
C++'s STL has something along these lines - all collections support iterators which you can use to access the members, and the iterator is a standard class itself, so has the operations you want.
So you can walk an array using begin() to end(), and you can swap the array for a list without any issues.
However, some collections support different operations - although you can sort both array, list and queue, you can't sort a map or set (they're already sorted). This just means some operations don't make sense for some collections.
Look at the algorithms section of the STL for a set of operations that apply to every different type of STL collection.
share|improve this answer
You should research the Adapter Pattern. Using the Adapter Pattern, you'd define an interface, IContainer, that provides all the required operations, such as indexing, sorting, etc. You would then create different implementations of your IContainer interface, such as ArrayContainer, LinkedListContainer, and so on. Next, using a technique such as Dependency Injection, you could write your algorithms around your IContainer interface, thereby decoupling your code from any one particular container type. This would allow you to substitute and measure the performance of different kinds of containers.
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Your Answer


Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe - Overview
By Keith McDonald
Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe ran from September 1990 on a weekly basis for two series. Over 100 episodes were made, and it is still fondly remembered by French viewers.
(Derived from the French production press pack.)
One of the four players becomes the 'Knight of the Labyrinth'. He or she is assisted in his quest by three friends as they navigate rooms of the castle.
With the help of the advisors and the Master, the knight must solve riddles, answer questions, avoid traps, cross narrow passages, and face strange creatures.
If the knight perishes, it is replaced by one of the advisors. If three knights are eliminated, the team loses the game.
To complete the game, the players must be attentive and record everything they hear. The knowledge they accumulate will allow them to reach the final stage and claim their prize.
Press cuttings
A team watches from the viewing balcony in Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe.
In the first series, quests began in the dice room, as in Knightmare Series 3. Many of the rooms, traps and hazards were familiar from the 1989 series.
Inside the labyrinth, the first principal goal was to reach Merlin's chamber. The knight crossed the void to summon Merlin by answering questions from Morganne la Fée.
Merlin assessed what the team had learnt during their quest (including answers they had not known in earlier rooms). Once he was satisfied, the knight sat on his throne and was transported to the treasure room for the final challenge.
The knight removes the helmet before solving a puzzle on the table (against the clock in the second series). If the knight succeeds, he/she is able to draw a sword from a stone, revealing the prizes.
Differences with Knightmare
A knight draws the sword in the Treasure Room in Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe.
The Labyrinth
Three locations were purpose-built: the castle antechamber, a balcony for the advisors, and the final treasure zone (salle du trésor).
Most of the gameplay rooms were based on David Rowe's artwork for Series 3 (1989), using chromakey and an Amiga 2000 for effects.
Some of David's illustrations were adapted slightly to introduce a different obstacle. By the second series, new and unseen rooms had been commissioned.
As teams had numerous 'lives', the average difficulty level was higher. Some rooms that featured often in Chevalier were rarely seen on Knightmare.
Knights were often made to attempt rooms in a different way to Knightmare. This emphasised the reuse of stock footage, such as goblin pursuits in the Stalactite Caves.
Inside the labyrinth
A knight finds a twisting pathway in Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe.
Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe had a much smaller cast then Knightmare (as few as five), and therefore a smaller range of characters. Most of the cast played several characters.
Some of these had clear parallels to Knightmare, such as Merlin (like-for-like), Velda (like-for-like), Bouffon (Motley), Mandragore (Mildred), and a talking raven, Tarok.
Others were more original, including Morgane la Fée (a fairy), and the underworld spectre of Tados, who inhabited the cave usually associated with Cedric the Mad Monk.
The actors are considered legends in France and are well-known through other roles in television and film. The 'Master of the Castle', Georges Beller, is particularly eminent in France as a host and entertainer.
About the characters
Merlin the Wizard, played by René Lafleur in Le Chevalier du Labyrinthe.
Sponsored by SEGA / Virgin Leisure
The show was initially sponsored by SEGA, the market leader in Europe for gaming consoles in 1990. Winners during the first series received a SEGA Master System. The production press pack explains:
Le Chavalier du Labyrinthe reflects young people's passion for adventures and video games. Like the show, the SEGA Master System transports games players into an imaginary world.
The SEGA Master System is a high-tech console for television. Priced at 690F, showing the calibre of the prize, the SEGA console has a catalogue of over 100 games.
SEGA also contributes to the generic tape announcements of Le Chavalier du Labyrinthe.
You Might Also Like...
Series 6 Quest 3
Series 6, Quest 3. Alan meets Haggatty the witch on the outskirts of WitchHaven (Level 2)
Team 3: Alan, Jim, Nick and Mark from St Albans.
Fortress of Doom
The Fortress of Doom, as shown in Series 4 (1990).
This heavily-guarded fortress contained the Level 1 wellway in the fourth series of Knightmare.
Abbey Undercroft
The Undercroft, as used in Series 6 and Series 7.
We didn't always see the tops of quest rooms. This vaulted ceiling was an exception.
See Also


methods by quality of information, business and finance homework help
Compare the results of the three (3) methods by quality of information for decision making. Using what you have learned about the three (3) methods, identify the best project by the criteria of long term increase in value. (You do not need to do further research.) Convey your understanding of the Time Value of Money principles used or not used in the three (3) methods. Review the video titled "NPV, IRR, MIRR for Mac and PC Excel" (located at and previously listed in Week 4) to help you understand the foundational concepts:
Scenario Information:
Assume that two gas stations are for sale with the following cash flows; CF1 is the Cash Flow in the first year, and CF2 is the Cash Flow in the second year. This is the time line and data used in calculating the Payback Period, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return. The calculations are done for you. Your task is to select the best project and explain your decision. The methods are presented and the decision each indicates is given below.
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InvestmentSales PriceCF1CF2
Gas Station A$50,000$0$100,000
Gas Station B$50,000$50,000$25,000
Three (3) Capital Budgeting Methods are presented:
 1. Payback Period: Gas Station A is paid back in 2 years; CF1 in year 1, and CF2 in year 2. Gas Station B is paid back in one (1) year. According to the payback period, when given the choice between two mutually exclusive projects, the investment paid back in the shortest time is selected.
 NPVgas station A = $100,000/(1+.10)2 – $50,000 = $32,644
 NPVgas station B = $50,000/(1+.10) + $25,000/(1+.10)2 – $50,000 = $16,115
 3. Internal Rate of Return: Assuming 10% is the cost of funds; the IRR for Station A is 41.421%.; for Station B, 36.602.
Summary of the Three (3) Methods:
 - The IRR method favors Gas Station A. as it has a higher return, exceeding the cost of funds (10%) by the highest return.


text:
Sumitomo started its business in 17th century Kyoto, where Masatomo Sumitomo opened a shop selling books and medicines. Masatomo wrote a book titled Monjuin Shiigaki, in which he clarified the basics of business. Masatomo's words in that book constitute the basis of the Sumitomo philosophy.
At about the same time, Masatomo's brother-in-law, Riemon Soga, was running a copper refining business and a copper workshop (under the name Izumiya) in Kyoto. After repeated trial and error, he finally developed technology for separating silver from unrefined copper, by applying technology he had learned from Europeans.


text:
Clinical Characteristics of Noncritical Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons from Bangladesh
Keywords:COVID-19, clinical characteristics, pandemic, Bangladesh, South Asia
The scientific literatures on clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from South Asian countries including Bangladesh are limited. Documentation of clinical spectrum from various geographic locations is vital for future scientific studies and clinical management. This study is aimed to report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of noncritical patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study at three dedicated COVID-19 hospitals of Bangladesh. The severity of the COVID-19 cases was assessed based on the WHO interim guidance. Data were collected only from non-critical COVID-19 patients as critical patients required immediate management. A total of 103 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed noncritical COVID- 19 patients were included. Most of the patients (71.8%) were male. Mild, moderate and severe illness were assessed in 74.76%, 9.71% and 15.53% of patients respectively. Nearly 52.4% patients had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common (34%), followed by diabetes mellitus (21.4%) and ischemic heart disease (9.7%). Fever (78.6%), weakness (68%) and cough (44.7%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included loss of appetite (37.9%), difficulty in breathing (37.9%), loss of taste or smell (35.0%), headache (32%) and body ache (32%). The median time from onset of the first symptom to attending hospitals was 7 days (interquartile range: 4 - 10). This study will help both the clinicians and epidemiologists to understand the magnitude and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 patients in South Asian perspective including Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 2 December 2020, pp 42-46


text:
The Tasmania Fire Service's Community Education Unit delivers a number of programs to the community to enhance community safety. These programs are free-of-charge.
The School Fire Education Program delivers fire safety information to all Tasmanian primary school students, promoting awareness of fire safety and fire hazards, and steps to take if fire breaks out in the home.
The Juvenile Fire Lighter Intervention Program is for children who engage in unsafe fire lighting behaviour at home or in the bush. Program content is tailored to the age and maturity of the children attending.
Project Wake Up! provides opportunities for people with disabilities and aged people to get advice from firefighters about fire safety matters in their homes, and when necessary, to have free smoke alarms installed.


The Shifting Formula
The Shifting Formula
There are a lot of method books that help students with beginning shifting. When I was just starting out as a teacher, it was overwhelming the amount of shifting materials I could find. But although many books contained helpful exercises in practicing shifting, there was nothing that actually explained how to shift. When I was in graduate school, I had already been shifting for about a decade and had gotten some great teaching in how to shift. "Lighten up", "keep it smooth", "no jerky motions", "use a link note". I thought I was a pretty good shifter, but as usual, my brilliant teacher, George Taylor was able to boil a technical issue down to its essence and reveal how I could be doing better. He's the one who taught me the Shifting Formula.
The Shifting Formula
Every shift can be boiled down to 4 steps.
 1. Place: The finger before the shift is placed on the string.
 2. Release: The finger weight releases to a harmonic level on the string. At the same time, the thumb and base knuckle of the index finger also release or "lighten up".
 3. Glide: The finger and entire hand glide to the new position with the finger on a harmonic level of weight.
 4. Place: the finger in the new position on the string.
When teaching the shifting formula, I write down each step for the student, often on a post-it note placed on their piece or shifting exercise so they can refer to it throughout the week. Over the next several weeks and then periodically after that, I will quiz my students on the shifting formula. I want them to be able to name all 4 steps in order and using those four words. An issue of semantics: Many students will accidentally replace the word "glide" in Step No. 3 with the word "slide". It may seem silly to argue this, but I insist on using the word glide because I want to inspire a certain kind of shifting motion.
Merriam-Webster Defines glide as:
 1. 1 : to move smoothly, continuously, and effortlessly
 2. 2 : to go or pass imperceptibly
 3. 3a of an airplane : to descend gradually in controlled flight
To slide has a similar meaning but is less graceful and implies friction. I explain that while one can "slide" into home plate, it often kicks up a lot of dirt and is a tense moment in the game. By contrast, I want my student to glide effortlessly to the next position, like an eagle alighting on a current of air. After briefly discussing the Shifting Formula, I assign the first notated shifting exercises.
Barbara Barber's "No Fear Shifting" from Fingerboard Geography
I love the Fingerboard Geography book and it's available for both violin and viola. The exercises in this book are simple enough to memorize, so are appropriate for students who aren't as strong in reading music. I first assign the exercise in shifting to harmonics, then move on to the next group of exercises which take the student through same finger shifts up each string. In the first week, I only have students shift up to the 4th position. The after shifts in 1st through 4th position are secure, then we can work on shifts above the 4th position, where the student must adjust the location of the thumb. I have the student play very slowly at first, usually at quarter note equals 50, and release the finger weight so that I hear a harmonic level slide AKA a "seagull" during the shift.
At this point, the shifting formula becomes a tool for the student to gauge their own shifting success. If a student plays a shift that is audible or not smooth, I will ask "Which part of the formula could you use more of?" Hint: the answer is almost always that the student didn't release the finger or thumb weight enough! The shifting formula gives the student a specific and simple way to evaluate their own shifts. For a student whose left hand is especially "grabby", I may keep them shifting on the harmonic level for a while until they are able to shift without squeezing the thumb. Another trick for grabby thumbs is to place a band-aid on the top of the thumb. Regular band-aids are somewhat slick and if the student squeezes with the thumb, it will usually just slide around.
String Technique Hack Band-Aid
After the student is comfortable with the Barbara Barber exercises, then we will start working in Introducing the Positions. I've tried a lot of different method books for shifting, but ITP is, in my mind, the most comprehensive and organized. Many teachers dislike ITP because the material is dry and unmusical, especially in the beginning. I don't mind that because what the book lacks in compositional interest, it makes up for in brevity. Each exercise is no longer than a few lines and the book is helpfully divided by key so I can match the ITP exercise with the key of the piece a student is working on.
Using ITP
There are two different but important skills taught in ITP:
 1. Reading music correctly in the 3rd position in different keys. These exercises contain no shifts, but remain entirely in 3rd position.
 2. Shifting in and out of the 3rd position.
As a prerequisite to ITP, I want to make sure my student is comfortable playing and identifying intervals up to a perfect fifth, or at the very least skips and steps. The ability to think in terms of intervals is very important when beginning to shift and the student who is used to thinking only in terms of finger numbers or note names will be at a disadvantage. To review or reinforce intervals, I will use the Music Mind Games Staff Slate to have students practice making intervals from different notes.
Reading confidently in 3rd position usually involves some adjustment time. For students who are really struggling with the reading aspect, I may assign scales in the 3rd position only (which are included in ITP), and have the student say the note names out loud before playing each note. In the exercises, I will have the student play very slowly while either naming notes or saying intervals.
I like to assign one exercise from each category (reading and shifting) per week. When giving comments on the exercises, I'm constantly referring to the shifting formula. If a student plays a shift that is audible or not smooth, I will ask "Which part of the formula could you use more of?" Hint: the answer is almost always that the student didn't release the finger or thumb weight enough! The shifting formula gives the student a specific and simple way to evaluate their own shifts so we keep coming back to it again and again as we further improve and refine shifts. Once my students are confident shifting in 1st and 3rd position, and later in 2nd and 4th position, but no earlier than Book 5, then I know it's time to bring in the heavy-hitting etudes with Sevcik Op. 8. But that's a whole 'nother can of worms 🙂
Yours in the Alto Clef,
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text:
According to a new study, gargling sugar water can boost a person's self-control.
Researchers found that swishing glucose based drink increased attention and self-control in a test that confuses the brain.
Participants in the study were analyzed on the basis of their abilities to do tests on self-control. The first test involved meticulous crossing out of Es on a page from a statistics book. This test is known to deplete a person's self-control
The other test was Stroop task (based on Stroop Effect) where participants were asked to identify the color flashed on the screen that spell out names of other colors. The task requires a great deal of attention and a high level of self-control to block out the wrong answers.
51 people participated in the tests. Half of them were given lemonade sweetened with sugar to rinse their mouths before the tests while the other half got Splenda-sweetened lemonade.
Study participants who had rinsed their mouths with sugar-sweetened lemonade did better on the Stroop test than people who had rinsed with artificially sweetened lemonade.
Rinsing your mouth with sugar-water will not help you exercise self-control during weight loss or with smoking cessation, researchers said in a press release.
"The glucose seems to be good at getting you to stop an automatic response such as reading the words in the Stroop task and to substitute the second harder one in its place such as saying the color the word is printed in. It can enhance emotive investment and self-relevant goals," said Leonard Martin, professor of psychology from University of Georgia.
Sugar water can help you focus on the task that needs more attention. Previous studies have shown that the first test requires so much energy that by the time people are done with it, they are so exhausted that they simply don't pay attention in the subsequent Stroop test.
"Researchers used to think you had to drink the glucose and get it into your body to give you the energy to (have) self control. After this trial, it seems that glucose stimulates the simple carbohydrate sensors on the tongue. This, in turn, signals the motivational centers of the brain where our self-related goals are represented. These signals tell your body to pay attention," Martin said.
He added that gargling with glucose can help people focus on important goals and also help perform better at the next task.
"In short, we believe self-control goes away because people send away, not because they don't have energy. People turn it off on purpose," Martin added.
The study is published in the journal Psychological Science.
Published by Medicaldaily.com


text:
Bones piercing spears in Roman Gaelic Warfare. It remains in the bones after 2070 years
The enduring leɡасу of ancient conflicts often resides in the artifacts and remnants that survive the ravages of time. One such artifact, a stark testament to the brutality of warfare during the Roman Gaelic wаr, has recently come to light.
In a remarkable archaeological find, the heаd of a spear that had pierced through a bone during this tumultuous period still remains embedded in the bone after an astounding 2070 years.
The Roman Gaelic wаr, waged from 43 to 84 AD, was a protracted and feroсіouѕ ѕtruɡɡle between the Roman Empire and the Celtic tribes of what is now modern-day Ireland and Scotland.
It was a conflict marked by skirmishes, sieges, and pitched Bаttleѕ as both sides vied for control of these lands.
The discovery of this ѕрeаrheаd and the bone it pierced sheds light on the ɡrіttу reality of combat during this tumultuous time.
The ѕрeаrheаd, made of iron and with its tip still remarkably ѕhаrр, is a chilling relic of the vіolenсe that unfolded on the battlefield. Its position within the bone suggests that it was thrust into the body of a wаrrіor with ѕіɡnіfісаnt forсe.
The bone, belonging to an іndіvіduаl who likely perished during the conflict, has preserved the ѕрeаrheаd, acting as a time capsule that allows us to glimpse the Brutаl final moments of this ancient ѕoldіer's life.
Archaeologists and historians are now painstakingly examining this remarkable artifact, using it to ріeсe together the story of the іndіvіduаl it belonged to and the circumstances surrounding their deаth.
This find provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the weарonѕ and combat techniques of the time, offering insights into the strategies employed by both Roman and Celtic warriors.
Beyond its hіѕtorісаl and archaeological significance, the discovery of the ѕрeаrheаd still embedded in the bone is a poignant remіnder of the human сoѕt of wаr and the enduring іmрасt it leaves on individuals and communities.
It underscores the need to remember the lessons of history and to strive for peace and understanding in the modern world, where the echoes of ancient conflicts still reverberate through the ages.
This remarkable artifact serves as a bridge between the past and the present, inviting us to refleсt on the human experience and the enduring traces of our collective history.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to prove that:
(uv)R = vRuR
where R is the reversal of a String defined recursively as:
aR = a
(wa)R = awR
I think I have the base case right, but I am having trouble with the inductive step and final proof.
here is what I have:
Base Step
prove for n = 1 where |uv| = 1
(uv)R = uReR = uR = u (where e is the empty string)
I dont really know where to go from here, any help would be great.
share|improve this question
Instead of doing induction over the entire $|uv|$, let the induction variable be just $|v|$ and keep the $u$ constant-but-arbitrary throughout the induction proof. (Also, since $u$ can be empty, the base case should probably be $|u|=0$ rather than $|u|=1$). – Henning Makholm Sep 3 '11 at 22:01
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I agree with Henning that your induction should be on $|v|$. Note in the case $|v| = 1$, you're done by definition. It's probably also worth mentioning something about the empty string for completeness.
Let me demonstrate how I would prove this for $|v| = 3$ supposing we knew this were true for when $|v| = 2$. This should illustrate how you should prove $|v| = n$ from assuming $|v| = n - 1$ is valid.
Let $v = v_1v_2v_3$ be a string of length 3. Assume the claim is true for strings of length 2. Then $(uv)^R = (uv_1v_2v_3)^R$. By the recursive definition, $(uv_1v_2v_3)^R = v_3(uv_1v_2)^R$. Note $v_1v_2$ is a string of length 2, so we have $v_3(uv_1v_2)^R = v_3(v_1v_2)^Ru^R$. But by definition, $v_3(v_1v_2)^Ru^R = v_3v_2v_1u^R = (v_1v_2v_3)^Ru^R$.
In almost all inductive proofs, it helps to prove a few small cases by using even smaller cases. If you're still having trouble, try proving this for $|v| = 4$ by using the same ideas as above.
share|improve this answer
thanks, this cleared up a lot for me. – Hunter McMillen Sep 3 '11 at 23:08
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Adverti horiz upsell
Curve Tube Node 1.3.0 for Maya (maya plugin)
extension creates polygon tubes from curves
(qty: 1)
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Operating Systems
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Last Modified:01/16/2019
File Size: 835 KB
This node generates polygon tube based on the input curve. You can control the resolution,
shape and procedural uv through the node interface.
Node Parameters
* Curve Sample Mode
The algorithm to be used for generating samples across the curve
* By Parameter: Generates samples based on curve parameters, this method is faster but less
accurate because the curve parameter usually doesn't distribute evenly on hand-created curves.
If the curve has been rebuilt to make the parameter distribution even, this algorithm would
produce fine results.
* By Arc Length: The arcs between close samples will have the same length. This method can generate
evenly distributed segments and less mis-shaping results, in slightly cost of performance.
* Tube Radius
Section radius of the curve.
* Use Radius Map
Enable hand-control radius mapping, you can use the ramp control below to control radius scale
along the curve.
* Curve Start/Curve End
Controls the range of the curve being used for tube generation. These are percent values between 0 and 1,
not explicit curve parameter.
* Decide Segments by Curve Length
Normally, total number of segments is controlled directly by the 'Segments' parameter below.
Once this setting is turned on, number of segments will be controlled relatively by length of the curve.
* Segments
Total number of the segments.
* Unit Length Segments
When 'Decide Segments by Curve Length' is on, this parameter is used to decide the number of segments
along with the curve length('Curve Start' and 'Curve End' will also be taken into account).
The number of segments will be __length_of_curve * unit_length_segments__, which means the longer the
curve, the more the segments. This method is useful when you want to extend the curve on fly while visualizing
the tube mesh growing at the same time.
* Section Segments
Total number of segments for section.
* Rotation
Rotate the whole tube around the curve.
* Twist
Twist the tube around the curve.
* End Cap
Fills the holes on both ends, the filling will be star shapes.
* Udd Extrusion
Add extrusion effect on tube body.
* Extrusion scale
Amount of extrusion.
* Extrusion Map
Controls the shape of extrusion based on curve parameter. Remember __The map value of 0.5 means no extrusion,
value greater than 0.5 means extruding outward along the polygon normal, and value less than 0.5 means extruding
* Generate UV
Generates procedural uv for the mesh. Remember the uv generation algorithm is not for zero-distortion.
* Straighten Body UV
Do not deform uv on u direction based on section radius, in this case uv of each section along v direction
will be scaled trying to reduce distortion.
* UV Scale
Global uv scale.
* UV Cap Scale
Scale uv of the caps. Caps has the same uv aspect ratio with the tube by default. Use this parameter
in case you want to control the scaling independently.
* UV Padding
Distance between uv and uv space borders.
* UV Margin
Distance between uv islands.
* Curve Up Vector
Initial up vector for curve normal computing, there is no need to change this under most circumstances.
* Resample By Curvature
Add additional segments at high curvature areas. Higher curvature means the "steeper" parts
on the curve (i.e. tangent changes vastly and the radius is relatively small). High curvature areas
needs more samples to achieve enough details, but these parts of the curve usually don't have enough length.
This parameter enables the ability to add more samples to these areas via more specific controls.
* Curvature Threshold
Minimum curvature needed for activating curvature resample. Curvature is sampled by computing
differences between near tangents and arc distance, so their values don't have predictable ranges,
you will have to change this value as appropriate.
* Max Subdivision
Basically, this parameter controls how many additional segments added to high curvature areas.
1 subdivision == 2 more segments. Since high curvature areas often clump together within a small area,
max subdivision is not guaranteed to be fully performed. When the samples are over-concentration,
subdivision will be reduced to a more reasonable value.
* Min Arc Length
Controls the threshold used to reduce 'Max Subdivision', addition segments will only be added when
length of the arc between two additional samples is greater than this value.
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text:
Consider a large population of families with three children each. If the genders of children in any family are independent of one another, the number of male children in any family will have a binomial distribution based on three trials. Suppose a random sample of 160 families yields the following results. test significance level 0.05
# of children 0 1 2 3
Frequency 14 66 64 16
The solution provides step by step method for the calculation of chi square test statistic for goodness of fit for binomial distribution. Formula for the calculation and Interpretations of the results are also included.


text:
Great Fire of New York
Hold up, buddy.
The Great Fire of New York happened on September 21, 1776. At the time conditions were dry and there were few people in the city at the time so the fire spread fast but killed few. The reason for this was when the British moved in and took control of the city the people moved out. With the people gone eventually the British left so few people remained.
Many people believed that the British were responsible for the fire because of how fast it spread; however, in this case it was literally an accident. The fire wound up burning 25% of the city.
What Links HereSetting | Famous Events
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text:
Main Article Content
Pulmonary Thromboembolism, Meteorological Parameters
Objective: The objective of this study is to find the relationship between incidence rate and mortality of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and seasonal and meteorological factors. Materials and methods: The data from 234 patients who were hospitalized due to acute PTE in the emergency service or policlinics between 2001 and 2008 were investigated retrospectively. Cases that developed APE (acute pulmonary embolism) in the hospital were excluded. Seasons and months in which acute PTE was diagnosed were recorded. Mortality rates by months and seasons were evaluated. The mean pressure, temperature and humidity values were evaluated for periods of three days, seven days and one month before the day of presentation. The effects of meteorological factors on the severity (massive or non-massive) and mortality of APE were investigated. Results: The incidence rate of acute APE showed a significant difference according to seasons (p=0.000). APE was diagnosed most commonly in spring and winter. The mean pressure values for three days, seven days and one month and the mean humidity values for three days for the dead patients were found to be significantly lower than those of the survived ones (p<0.05). The mortality rate for patients admitted in summer was significantly higher than the rates for other seasons (p=0.02). There were no seasonal differences among the massive APE incidences. Mortality rates were higher in summer because of the nonmassive APE patients rather than the massive patients. Conclusion: Acute PE is a disease whose incidence and mortality rates are affected by meteorological factors.


text:
The Global Strategy, in collaboration with Zambia's Central Statistical Office (CSO) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), carried out field tests of the guidelines on the quick assessment of grain stocks through value chains, which were developed by the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) project.
The rapid assessment of stocks is given particular attention in light of the increasing efforts of national governments and international agencies to reduce the costs of collecting primary data on grain stocks. Among the key factors that contribute to raising the profile of rapid assessment of grain stocks through value chains are: a wide information base, availability and accessibility of some qualitative and quantitative stock data as well as other related concerns.
The primary objective of the guidelines is to gather information from agricultural value chain entities such as commercial producers, farmers, traders and processors in a timely and cost-effective manner. This is necessary to determine the extent of private stock holdings at critical times and includes the direct participation of supply-chain participants as well as private and public sector support service providers. The approach combines secondary information into the validation process for better informing decision-making and policy analysis, thus satisfying the need for better stock information on crops and commodities.
During the field-testing process, the Global Office organized a joint mission with experts of the CSO and the MoA in Zambia, focusing on two major staple grains in the country: Maize and Sorghum. The objective of the mission was to validate the procedures described in the guidelines and discuss the approach with the key stakeholders involved in grain stock data in Zambia. The guidelines in fact, advocate for a consensus-building approach that involves experts in the field, which have a better understanding of the country's context. Almost all stakeholders appreciated the proposed approach and the importance of receiving the carry-over stocks ahead of time.
Based on these field tests, the CSO is planning to integrate the quick grain stock estimation methodology described in the guidelines into the existing statistical system. According to the Director General of the CSO, generating early grain stock estimates is a requirement of data users in Zambia and the methodology described in the guidelines would be included into the national statistical system to provide earlier stock estimates.


text: Implantation of Ta into single crystal Ni3Al was conducted to determine the degree of surface hardening in monolithic alloys in relation to its lattice location. Ta was implanted at 400 keV to doses of 0.07, 0.36, and 2.52 × 1016 cm−2 along the axis of a crystal of Ni3Al at room temperature. Composition versus depth profiles were determined by RBS, and lattice location of Ta was determined by channeling angular yield scans about the axis. The hardness of the surface was measured by ultra-low load indentation. Results show that implantation softens the surface and that the Ta is randomly distributed between Ni and Al sites. Annealing at 1000 °C/1 h significantly reduces the damage and causes preferential occupation of Al sites by Ta, resulting in a slight increase in surface hardness. Further annealing at 1200 °C/0.25 h increases the surface hardness substantially and increases occupation of Al lattice sites to roughly 84%. Results are consistent with a model in which the as-implanted surface is softened by disordering, and subsequent diffusion of Ta to Al sites during thermal treatment causes hardening of the surface.


text:
Teaching kids about the power of prayer could be as simple as sending a postcard to the President to celebrate President's Day.
Theme: President's Day
Text: Psalm 17:6
Best for: Grades 2-6
For each child, you'll need:
- a pen
- and a postcard addressed to:
The White House,
Washington, D.C. 20500.
President's Day Children's Message: Droppin' a Line
Say: Every February, our country celebrates Presidents Day to honor our country's past presidents. The president is very powerful and has a difficult job. He must make hard decisions that affect all of us. We can tell the president how we feel about his decisions and what we want him to decide.
Say: Today, you're going to write to the president and tell him what you think. Distribute the postcards. Write anything you want the president to know about how our nation can be better. Allow time for kids to write a message.
Say: It's neat that we can write a postcard to the most powerful man in our country. God is a zillion times more powerful than the president. And we don't need to send God a postcard; we can talk directly to him. That's more amazing! Read Psalm 17:6. Let's talk to God right now about our president.
Encourage children to say sentence prayers for the president.
For more great ideas like this in every issue, subscribe today to Children's Ministry Magazine!


text:
Traditional incandescent string troubleshooting does not apply to LED strings. It can be frustrating and time consuming to locate a bad LED or socket without checking each one-by-one. One method to speed up the troubleshooting is to use a binary search reduction method. You will need a multimeter to perform this reduction test. Before proceeding be SURE TO UNPLUG THE LIGHTS FROM YOUR POWER SOURCE.
1) Find the segment break of the LED string (typically at 36th LED in a 70ct 120V string, but this is dependent on your LEDs, count and voltage) for the section that is unlit.
2) Remove the middle LED from the socket in the unlit segment (e.g. If the segment is 35 LEDs long, remove the 17th LED).
3) Remove the first LED in the unlit segment
4) Using your multimeter set to measure Ohms, place one probe in the first socket and the other in the middle socket. Look for resistance. If it is open, proceed. It it indicates resistance, one of the removed LEDs may be bad.
5) If the above test was open, continue to divide the string into halves for each segment, removing the middle LED and testing for resistance between the first socket and the newly removed LED socket, and the last socket and the newly removed LED socket.
6) Keep halving the section that has no resistance. You should be able to narrow down the bad LED or socket within a handful of testing attempts.
When testing your lighting, using your regular sequencing software is often not the best way to do it.
If you are using an ECG-DR4 or ECG-DMXRen8 E1.31 to DMX interface, it could be simpler to use a dedicated test utility like da_E131.
This allows you to send known E1.31 (streaming ACN) data to your hardware. At least then you'll know if it's a hardware or software problem you're having.
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text:
Wordswarms From Years Past
Adjacent Words climbing fern
climbing maidenhair fern
Full-text Search for "Clime" 1591
CLIME, n. A climate; a tract or region of the earth; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose. [See Climate.]
Whatever clime the suns bright circle warms. n
1: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time; "the dank climate of southern Wales"; "plants from a cold clime travel best in winter" [syn: climate, clime]
noun Etymology: Late Latin clima Date: 14th century climate < traveled to warmer > clime s n. literary 1 a region. 2 a climate.
Etymology: LL clima: see CLIMATE Clime Clime, n. [L. clima. See
Climate.] A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. Turn we to sutvey, Where rougher climes a nobler race display. --Goldsmith.
(climes) You use clime in expressions such as warmer climes and foreign climes to refer to a place that has a particular kind of climate. (LITERARY) He left Britain for the sunnier climes of Southern France... N-COUNT: usu pl, usu adj N
Region, place, country, climate. n. Antarctic Zone, Arctic Circle, Arctic Zone, Frigid Zones, Torrid Zone, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Variable Zones, calm weather, climate, cold weather, equator, fair weather, forces of nature, good weather, halcyon days, horse latitudes, hot weather, latitude, longitude, longitude in arc, macroclimate, meridian, microclimate, parallel, prime meridian, rainy weather, roaring forties, stormy weather, subtropics, the elements, the line, tropic, tropics, weather, windiness, zone
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text:
Conjugate gradient method
In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is symmetric and positive-definite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterative algorithm, applicable to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by a direct implementation or other direct methods such as the Cholesky decomposition. Large sparse systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations or optimization problems.
Magnus Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel in 1952: —
- The method of conjugate gradients was developed independently by E. Stiefel of the Institute of Applied Mathematics at Zurich and by M. R. Hestenes with the cooperation of J. B. Rosser, G. Forsythe, and L. Paige of the Institute for Numerical Analysis, National Bureau of Standards. [...] Recently, C. Lanczos developed a closely related routine based on his earlier paper on eigenvalue problem.
- 1 Description of the method
- 2 The conjugate gradient method as a direct method
- 3 The conjugate gradient method as an iterative method
- 4 Convergence properties of the conjugate gradient method
- 5 The preconditioned conjugate gradient method
- 6 The flexible preconditioned conjugate gradient method
- 7 The conjugate gradient method vs. the locally optimal steepest descent method
- 8 Derivation of the method
- 9 Conjugate gradient on the normal equations
- 10 See also
- 11 Notes
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Description of the method
Suppose we want to solve the following system of linear equations
- Ax = b
for the vector x where the known n × n matrix A is symmetric (i.e., AT = A), positive definite (i.e. xTAx > 0 for all non-zero vectors x in Rn), and real, and b is known as well. We denote the unique solution of this system by x∗.
The conjugate gradient method as a direct method
We say that two non-zero vectors u and v are conjugate (with respect to A) if
Since A is symmetric and positive definite, the left-hand side defines an inner product
Two vectors are conjugate if and only if they are orthogonal with respect to this inner product. Being conjugate is a symmetric relation: if u is conjugate to v, then v is conjugate to u. Suppose that
is a set of n mutually conjugate vectors. Then P forms a basis for, and we may express the solution x∗ of in this basis:
Based on this expansion we calculate:
This gives the following method for solving the equation Ax = b: find a sequence of n conjugate directions, and then compute the coefficients αk.
The conjugate gradient method as an iterative method
If we choose the conjugate vectors pk carefully, then we may not need all of them to obtain a good approximation to the solution x∗. So, we want to regard the conjugate gradient method as an iterative method. This also allows us to approximately solve systems where n is so large that the direct method would take too much time.
We denote the initial guess for x∗ by x0. We can assume without loss of generality that x0 = 0 (otherwise, consider the system Az = b − Ax0 instead). Starting with x0 we search for the solution and in each iteration we need a metric to tell us whether we are closer to the solution x∗ (that is unknown to us). This metric comes from the fact that the solution x∗ is also the unique minimizer of the following quadratic function; so if f(x) becomes smaller in an iteration it means that we are closer to x∗.
This suggests taking the first basis vector p0 to be the negative of the gradient of f at x = x0. The gradient of f equals Ax − b. Starting with a "guessed solution" x0 (we can always guess x0 = 0 if we have no reason to guess for anything else), this means we take p0 = b − Ax0. The other vectors in the basis will be conjugate to the gradient, hence the name conjugate gradient method.
Let rk be the residual at the kth step:
Note that rk is the negative gradient of f at x = xk, so the gradient descent method would be to move in the direction rk. Here, we insist that the directions pk be conjugate to each other. We also require that the next search direction be built out of the current residue and all previous search directions, which is reasonable enough in practice.
The conjugation constraint is an orthonormal-type constraint and hence the algorithm bears resemblance to Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization.
This gives the following expression:
(see the picture at the top of the article for the effect of the conjugacy constraint on convergence). Following this direction, the next optimal location is given by
where the last equality holds because pk and xk-1 are conjugate.
The resulting algorithm
The above algorithm gives the most straightforward explanation of the conjugate gradient method. Seemingly, the algorithm as stated requires storage of all previous searching directions and residue vectors, as well as many matrix-vector multiplications, and thus can be computationally expensive. However, a closer analysis of the algorithm shows that rk+1 is conjugate to pi for all i < k (can be proved by induction, for example), and therefore only rk, pk, and xk are needed to construct rk+1, pk+1, and xk+1. Furthermore, only one matrix-vector multiplication is needed in each iteration.
The algorithm is detailed below for solving Ax = b where A is a real, symmetric, positive-definite matrix. The input vector x0 can be an approximate initial solution or 0. It is a different formulation of the exact procedure described above.
This is the most commonly used algorithm. The same formula for βk is also used in the Fletcher–Reeves nonlinear conjugate gradient method.
Computation of alpha and beta
In the algorithm, αk is chosen such that is orthogonal to rk. The denominator is simplified from
since. The βk is chosen such that is conjugated to pk. Initially, βk is
the numerator of βk is rewritten as
because and rk are orthogonal by design. The denominator is rewritten as
using that the search directions pk are conjugated and again that the residuals are orthogonal. This gives the β in the algorithm after cancelling αk.
function [x] = conjgrad(A,b,x) r=b-A*x; p=r; rsold=r'*r; for i=1:length(b) Ap=A*p; alpha=rsold/(p'*Ap); x=x+alpha*p; r=r-alpha*Ap; rsnew=r'*r; if sqrt(rsnew)<1e-10 break; end p=r+(rsnew/rsold)*p; rsold=rsnew; end end
Consider the linear system Ax = b given by
we will perform two steps of the conjugate gradient method beginning with the initial guess
in order to find an approximate solution to the system.
For reference, the exact solution is
Our first step is to calculate the residual vector r0 associated with x0. This residual is computed from the formula r0 = b - Ax0, and in our case is equal to
Since this is the first iteration, we will use the residual vector r0 as our initial search direction p0; the method of selecting pk will change in further iterations.
We now compute the scalar α0 using the relationship
We can now compute x1 using the formula
This result completes the first iteration, the result being an "improved" approximate solution to the system, x1. We may now move on and compute the next residual vector r1 using the formula
Our next step in the process is to compute the scalar β0 that will eventually be used to determine the next search direction p1.
Now, using this scalar β0, we can compute the next search direction p1 using the relationship
We now compute the scalar α1 using our newly acquired p1 using the same method as that used for α0.
Finally, we find x2 using the same method as that used to find x1.
The result, x2, is a "better" approximation to the system's solution than x1 and x0. If exact arithmetic were to be used in this example instead of limited-precision, then the exact solution would theoretically have been reached after n = 2 iterations (n being the order of the system).
Convergence properties of the conjugate gradient method
The conjugate gradient method can theoretically be viewed as a direct method, as it produces the exact solution after a finite number of iterations, which is not larger than the size of the matrix, in the absence of round-off error. However, the conjugate gradient method is unstable with respect to even small perturbations, e.g., most directions are not in practice conjugate, and the exact solution is never obtained. Fortunately, the conjugate gradient method can be used as an iterative method as it provides monotonically improving approximations to the exact solution, which may reach the required tolerance after a relatively small (compared to the problem size) number of iterations. The improvement is typically linear and its speed is determined by the condition number of the system matrix : the larger is, the slower the improvement.
If is large, preconditioning is used to replace the original system with so that gets smaller than, see below.
The preconditioned conjugate gradient method
In most cases, preconditioning is necessary to


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Formation temperature is one of the most critical parameters in drilling and workover operation and it varies by true vertical depth of wellbore.
The following formula shows relationship between formation temperature and true vertical depth of well.
Formation temperature = (ambient surface temperature ) + (temperature gradient x Well TVD)
Formation temperature in F (Fahrenheit)
ambient surface temperature in F (Fahrenheit)
temperature gradient in F/ft (Fahrenheit / ft)
Well TVD in ft
Example: The temperature gradient in a specific area is 0.015 °F/ft of depth and the ambient surface temperature is 90 °F.
Determine the estimated formation temperature at a TVD of 12,000 ft:
Formation Temperature, °F = 90 °F + (0.015 °F/ft x 12,000 ft)
Formation Temperature, °F = 90 °F + 180 °F
Formation Temperature = 270 °F (estimated formation temperature)
Please find the Excel sheet used for estimating formation temperature.
Ref books: Lapeyrouse, N.J., 2002. Formulas and calculations for drilling, production and workover, Boston: Gulf Professional publishing.
Bourgoyne, A.J.T., Chenevert, M.E. & Millheim, K.K., 1986. SPE Textbook Series, Volume 2: Applied Drilling Engineering, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Mitchell, R.F., Miska, S. & Aadny, B.S., 2011. Fundamentals of drilling engineering, Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers.


- Main Menu
 - DSN (Data Source Name)
 A DSN (Data Source Name) is an identifier that is used to store information relating to a database connection. DSNs can store a database's name and server location, the directory that is used to store offline content, the database driver, and the user's ID and password. DSNs can be used for a wide variety of database applications, such as SQL databases and FTP connections.
 How DSN Works
 A DSN is simply a file that contains all information regarding a particular database. DSNs allow the user to quickly connect to a specific database without having to re-enter its information every time. Like a Notepad document, a DSN stores text-based information, but is also able to automatically fill in the database's information when the user launches an appropriate database client. While DSNs are usually stored in the Windows Registry, they can also be stored in configurations files belonging to a specific database client that ends in a ".dsn" extension.
 DSNs have a wide variety of applications and can be used on both server-side and client-side programs, but are most often used for the latter. In addition to the user's information and database's location, a DSN can also store information relating the database's permissions and may allow the user to change the database's permissions by being integrated with the user's database client. Likewise, the user may be able to change information in a DSN by changing the appropriate factors in the database client.
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2. A type of such substance: organic matter.
5. The substance of thought or expression as opposed to the manner in which it is stated or conveyed.
6. A subject of concern, feeling, or action: matters of foreign policy; a personal matter. See Synonyms at subject.
7. Trouble or difficulty: What's the matter with your car?
8. An approximated quantity, amount, or extent: The construction will last a matter of years.
9. Something printed or otherwise set down in writing: reading matter.
intr.v. mat·tered, mat·ter·ing, mat·ters
To be of importance: "Love is most nearly itself / When here and now cease to matter" (T.S. Eliot).
as a matter of fact
In fact; actually.
for that matter
So far as that is concerned; as for that.
no matter
Regardless of: "Yet there isn't a train I wouldn't take, / No matter where it's going" (Edna St. Vincent Millay).
[Middle English mater, from Old French matere, from Latin māteria, wood, timber, matter, from māter, mother (because the woody part was seen as the source of growth); see māterin the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
pl n
the situation in question: matters took an unexpected turn.
References in classic literature?
Madame Ratignolle came down to discover what was the matter.
After arranging matters to her satisfaction, Phoebe emerged from her chamber, with a purpose to descend again into the garden.
To me they have always been matters of riddle and admiration.


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The organization of bead production during the Aurignacian has significant implications for understanding the role of these artifacts in Upper Palaeolithic societies, and the evolution of symbolic behavior and social organization more generally.
For this special issue on "The Role of Art in Prehistoric Societies," a case study of Early Aurignacian beads in ivory and soapstone are presented, and related production debris, from four sites (Abri Castanet, Abri de la Souquette, Grotte des Hyènes at Brassempouy, Grotte d'Isturitz) in the Aquitaine region of France.
The data from the case study are used to evaluate three hypothetical models of production and exchange in the given regional context, and are evaluated in terms of the current, common criteria for the recognition of craft specialization in the archaeological record.
Based on these criteria, these artifacts could reasonably be considered the products of specialist producers. It is argued that the data presented here indicates two possibilities in the interpretation of prehistoric production-organization: either the presence of craft specialization in the Early Upper Palaeolithic can be accepted, or the criteria for recognizing specialization in the archaeological record should be revised.
In either case, there is a demonstrated need for the refinement of models and vocabularies related to production organization in small-scale societies that better reflect the complex patterns apparent in the ethnographic and archaeological records.
In addressing these issues, it is necessary to reconsider many basic assumptions about production, wealth, and exchange in Palaeolithic contexts, the perceived limitations of the archaeological record, and the nature and the antiquity of what is considered "complex" social organization.
This case study and the arguments that follow are not intended to be a definitive statement on craft specialization and production organization in the Upper Palaeolithic. They are presented as an example of the kind of data-driven modeling of production and exchange in the Early Upper Palaeolithic that can serve as a concrete basis for the reconsideration of production and exchange in these contexts.


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Closing the Word Gap A Practical Approach for Nursery and Reception Practitioners
|Course code||Keystage(s)||Presented by|
National research has found evidence of a significant word gap in UK schools; an increasing problem which is holding back children's learning. This course is aimed at Nursery and Reception teachers who are looking to implement a focus on vocabulary and closing the word gap across EYFS. The course will include:
-an exploration of current issues surrounding the word gap.
-consideration of how approaches can be implemented.
-practical approaches for integrating the teaching of vocabulary.


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Journal The ratio of exotic-to-native dung beetles can indicate habitat quality in riparian restoration
Citation: Gollan JR, Reid CAM, Barnes PB, Wilkie L. 2011. The ratio of exotic-to-native dung beetles can indicate habitat quality in riparian restoration. Insect Conservation and Diversity. 4. (2): 123-131.
1. Replanting natives on cleared riparian land is a common form of restoration. While most assessments of success are focussed on flora, the impact on fauna is often unknown.
2. We evaluated the effectiveness of revegetation for dung beetles in the riparian zone in a temperate Australian river. Total abundance, abundance of individual species, total species richness and species composition were compared using a chronosequence approach using four habitat types: unplanted; 1–3 and 7–10 year old revegetated plots, and mature native woodland.
3. A total of 1651 individuals and 20 species were trapped. Abundance and richness showed no trends across the chronosequence; however, changes in species composition appeared to be triggered by revegetation. Composition in older revegetation was more similar to mature woodland than the young revegetation or unplanted habitat. These shifts were largely due to a decline in the abundance and diversity of exotic dung beetles across the chronosequence.
4. Native revegetation also appeared to affect six species. Any of these six species could be used as indicators of progress in this region, but whether they are useful elsewhere cannot be guaranteed. This is a shortcoming of any study that recommends individual species as indicators.
5. Exotic-to-native ratios of plants are success indicators in restoration projects, and we suggest that this could also be used for monitoring success for invertebrate fauna. The exotic-to-native ratio has the advantage over single species indicators because the metric does not rely on those species being present in a particular region.


text: Patellofemoral pain syndrome) PFPS) is one of the most common knee injuries at a young age and is more common in women. Because of pain, muscle weakness and proprioception loss of in knee, these people have a deficit balance. The purpose of this study was Comparison of Land-based physical therapy with Aquatic physical therapy to improvement pain, physical function, static and dynamic balance in patient with PFPS. In this present quasi-experimental study twenty patients with PFPS participated and were divided into two groups: physical therapy on land and water. Subjects in both groups performed three sessions of exercise therapy per week for 8 weeks. In the beginning and at the end of the period, the patients' pain, function, static and dynamic balance respectively was assessed by visual analogue scale, kujala score, sharpend Romberg and star excursion balance test. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 18) at a significance level of (P ≤ 0.05). In this study, pain, function, static and dynamic balance scores of the both groups significantly improved after the exercise period (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of data between the two groups in pain, function, static and dynamic balance (P ≥ 0.05). The results showed that physical therapy in water and land can be used as a useful and effective method to reduce pain, improve function, static and dynamic balance of PFPS patients. Although the results did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups the difference between two groups in the mean percentage change indicates that the clinical effect of exercise in water is higher than the land. According to these results aquatic physical therapy is recommended as an effective method for the treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.


Showing posts with label Cloister. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cloister. Show all posts
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Trappist Nuns In Syria Do Not Fear Fate of Trappists in Algeria
(Damascus) They came to the near East in 2005 with the intention to live out the Christianization of the first centuries after Christ. Their history is comparable to the Trappist monks of Tibhirine in Algeria, who in 1996 were murdered by a moderate Islamic group. Xavier Beauvaus created a memorial for them and their martyrdom by the film "Of Men and Gods".
The comparison is more pressing when one things of the five Trappists, who left their peaceful and isolated Cloister in Valserena in Tuscany, Italy, in order to go to Syria. A land whose internal situation had been already tense and in the midst of a civil war with thousands of deaths and flooded with hundreds of thousands of refugees.
Why have they decided to found a new Cloister in an unstable country like Syria? "Because Christianity had developed here and spread from here to Asia Minor, Greece, Rome, Armenia, India and China", say the sisters. "in the first centuries the mission was led by a living Monastic movement, which existed alone and independently of one another here and in Egypt." The sisters recall St. Ephraem the Syrian, Saint Simeon the Stylite, St. John Chrysostom or St. John of Damascus, whose traces they follow. "Going out from our Latin and Benedictine Tradition we want to follow the stream, because we are convinced of the rich fruits, which will come about in an exchange between the West and Eastern heritage of Christendom."
So the Cloister of Azeir exists amidst the civil war afflicted cities of Homs and Tartous in Central Asia. The sisters feel a mission in that, which resembles that of the monks of Tibhirine: to help Christians and Muslims without respect to religion, to be a lighthouse of peace and harmony in the civil war, which they did not foresee when the five Trappists set foot for the first time on Syrian soil. "Now we belong to these people. The fate of the Syrians is our fate," says Abbess Monica to AsiaNews.
The nuns reported on their internet site established and independent of all propaganda of one of the other sides of the civil war and the fate of Syria's Christians. Some of the letters of the last months could have been called out. They described for everyone the suffering of the civilian population. For them the Cloister is clearly a sign of hope, because it is "a place, where God is really present through the Eucharist and through the Church, through the prayer and the brotherly community. It is a blessing for all."
"Why should we go away?" was the astonished response of the sisters. "The people here ring our door. They seek help, diverse help. They ask for food, they seek consolation, young men have started to come to us, because they are seeking someone to help them to understand things, to reflect, to grow innerly." The Cloister offers already numerous people sanctuary and accommodation, people, who are have been made refugees by government troops or the rebels, people who are pursued by one side or the other. Even as a place for secret business, the Cloister is on hand.
"We are called to give a witness of our Christian hohpe, which is stronger than all worry. Why should we go away from a place, where the people so desperately need this hope", said the Abbess to Asia News.
Text: Religion en libertad/Giuseppe Nardi
Bild: Valserena


Length of hospital stay determines 'usual time'
What is considered the usual postoperative bleeding time following a transurethral resection of the prostate?
A A definition of normal postoperative bleeding time is not published. If one were to follow the definition of the global period as the normal postoperative bleeding time, then a different CPT code would have to be chosen for the treatment of postoperative bleeding during the 90 day postoperative global or the TURP. The best available code for treatment of bleeding, other than code 52606, is 52214.
A second option would be to treat "normal postoperative bleeding time" as the average time for hospitalization following a TURP. This definition makes more sense clinically. Therefore, code 52606 would be used for treatment of postoperative bleeding that occurs after discharge, and bleeding during the hospital stay should be coded as 52214. As mentioned above, the global period of the 52601 is 90 days. Therefore, payment within the global period would require a modifier –78 for treatment of a complication in the operating room during the global period. The –78 could be appended to the code 52606. The –78 could also be appended to code 52214 for the fulguration of bleeding in the area.
A The type of scope (flexible or rigid) does not affect the choice of CPT code for these services. The correct CPT code for reporting this service would be 52353: cystoureteroscopy, with ureteroscopy and or pyeloscopy; with lithotripsy (ureteral catheterization is included). If the double-J stent is left indwelling, the code is 52332-59.
Q What is the proper code for a flexible nephroscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy and insertion of double-J catheter?
A The appropriate code for a percutan-eous nephroscopy/pyeloscopy with lithotripsy would be 50581. However, if the procedure (a pyeloscopy with lithotripsy) was performed through a ureteroscope, then you would code it exactly as answered in the previous question.
Q Our docs performed a right ureteral stent placement with surgical repair of the lower third right ureter during a surgery for ileostomy. When the stent was placed in the ureter, they came in through the kidney first, then the ureter, and finally the bladder. They went backwards. Do I code the same as if they went the other way?
A Coding for the placement of a stent in this fashion would be most closely reflected by the coding of an antegrade stent placement. Per the description above, it sounds as if a catheter was inserted and an endoscope was used. If this is the case, use code 50572, renal endoscopy through nephrotomy or pyelotomy, with or without irrigation, instillation, or ureteropyelography, exclusive of radiologic service; with ureteral catheterization, with or without dilation of ureter. A –52 or –22 could be added to slightly modify the description if desired.
If, in fact, a stent was placed in the ureter through an open incision without the use of the endoscope, then code 50605, ureterotomy for insertion of indwelling stent, all types, might best describe the service provided.


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BHR has a history of fostering innovation and encouraging knowledge transfer. We run two leading research and development consortia with the aim of increasing the research productivity of participating firms. Owned and managed by BHR Group, the consortia are funded and steered by their industrial members.
Our current consortia focus on distinct specialisms relating to the Process Industries:
Independent, confidential and objective, the consortia are underpinned by by over 30 years of leading edge industrial research in mixing and over 10 years of nanoparticle research.
- Industrial Mixing
- The incorporation and deagglomeration of nanoparticle clusters.
Members are market leaders from a broad range of industries, and enjoy a wide range of benefits, not least the benefits of a 5-10 year technical advantage, generated from the research and findings.
Scale-up successfully from lab to pilot and from pilot to production scales. The process mixing knowledge generated in the FMP consortium can reduce time to market, minimise down-time and reduce production costs.
BHR Group successfully works on industrial processes relating to the dispersion of nanoparticles and nanoclays in liquids, nanoparticle incorporation in the product formulation, through to the provision of new process design and equipment selection.