Ever heard the term 'medical humanities' but been confused about what it means? Here Professor Ian Sabroe, co-director of Medical Humanities Sheffield, explains all.
Essentially, 'humanities' are the subjects that study human life and experience – so philosophy, music, arts, history and English are all areas of knowledge that would be described as humanities in academia.
'Medical humanities' very broadly describes that area of overlap where you use the lens of one thing to look at the other.
You can use humanities to look at what medicine does and that's a very traditional medical humanities approach. That can encompass a huge range of different disciplines; so you can, for example, use a 'narrative analysis' to collect stories of people who have experienced illnesses and look at the words they use and the experience they have, and do all sorts of different analysis to understand what illness means to people. (See the Autumn 2017 issue of Emphasis to read about a project supported by the PHA UK that did just that!)
Humanities can challenge doctors to think about how they make decisions and help people
There are a lot of challenges and assumptions and different types of narrative
that people have when they talk about illness – the 'quest narrative' of finding a goal, the 'restitution narrative' of getting back to normal, and the 'chaotic narrative' of an illness journey being deeply unpredictable.
An academic called Susan Sontag talked about everyone inhabiting, at different points in their lives, 'the kingdom of the well' and 'the kingdom of the sick' – and the journeys we all make through these things.
Another aspect of medical humanities involves looking at the philosophy of medicine and how doctors make decisions and what it's like to be an expert.
So, the humanities can look at how people experience illness, help doctors listen to these stories and understand them, and challenge doctors to think about how they make decisions and help people.
Using creative arts
Another aspect of medical humanities is to use arts to interpret illness.
For example, if you decided that you wanted to interpret pulmonary hypertension using theatre, or painting, you might be using humanities to explore medicine.
If you are doing it from an intellectual view you might research how well that is communicated, and study whether or not that has communicated the experience of medicine. I have colleagues who work in music and who are studying how music engages with memory, for example in people with dementia.
The vast majority of people who work within medical humanities are not doctors or nurses – they will be people in departments of English or literature, history or philosophy, who look outside of medicine and critique it.
There are clinicians who take an interest in it but it's a fairly small number, because it's not a very traditional skill taught at medical school, even if it's incredibly important.
Medical humanities for education
I'm very keen that you can also use the humanities to teach doctors different skills. You can take the languages of humanities and use them to teach medical students about medicine in general.
For example, in America they have long courses in narrative medicine to listen to the experience of being ill. I've recently been awarded a Churchill Fellowship which will see me spend six weeks out there, looking at how they use humanities in the teaching of medics.
What it all means for people living with illness
People with illness may come across medical humanities if they take part in research projects that explore the experience of illness and you could argue that there might be a space for medical charities to consider lobbying for more research to happen within the domain of humanities to explore what illness means to people.
How we listen to people with illness and share their experiences really matters
I would like to think if doctors had been trained to use and understand knowledge gained through humanities, they might have a different set of skills that might help them to understand the patient's journey, and understand themselves better to be able to cope with a lifelong career that is very challenging.
Ian Sabroe is Professor of Inflammation Biology at the University of Sheffield and Honorary Consultant Respiratory Physician at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. He is also co-director of Medical Humanities Sheffield
Medical humanities in research
I often supervise medical students who are doing research, and the two projects I supervised last year are examples of medical humanities.
1. Grace Elliott
Grace Elliott looked at women and their narratives of postnatal depression. The researcher looked at the last 120 years of women's writings about their mental health after having children and matched them to changes in scientific thinking about postnatal depression.
Grace is going to write about how women were strong at finding ways to communicate their distress, even when there was no model for them to do it, and how the origin and development of new models allowed women's mental health to be discussed more availably and freely.
2. Amy Wilson
Amy Wilson looked at a different side of life as a doctor, because there's a high rate of depression, mental illness, and suicide in the medical profession.
She showed how narratives of doctors writing about their own mental health were suppressed by the stereotype of what a doctor 'should' be and found how difficult it was for doctors to describe and share their illness.
3. Sally Mather
This year, Sally Mather is looking at the problem of uncertainty in medicine; where it comes from, who it creates stress for in terms of the patients and doctors, when we're prepared to talk about uncertainty, and whether or not uncertainty has been increased or decreased by technological advances in medicine.
These research projects show how humanities like philosophy, literature and history can be used to explore and understand what it is to be ill, or to deliver clinical care, or to discover different ways of communicating what illness is like.


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Karrigell/Write an interactive application in a single script
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
< Karrigell
Jump to: navigation, search
Edit the same script, index.py, like this :
def index():
 form = FORM(action="show")
 form <= INPUT(name="city")
 return HTML(BODY(form))
def show(city):
 return city
This script defines 2 functions, index() and show(). In index() we build an HTML form, in show() we handle the data entered in the form
In function index() we first create an HTML form with the class FORM, with the parameter "action" set to "show", the name of the function that will handle the data entered by the user
Then we build this form with INPUT instances. For this we "add a child" to the FORM instance with the operator <= (think of it as a left arrow, meaning "add child") : first an input tag with name "city", then a submit tag with value "Ok". Note that the attribute "type" is written Type with an uppercase initial, to avoid confusion with the Python name "type"
When the script is called by http://localhost/index.py/index, the form is printed in the web browser. Enter a value in the input field, then click on "Ok" : the value in the address bar of your browser will be set to http://localhost/index.py/show?city=..., and you will see the data you entered
How does this work? The value entered in the field "city" is passed as the argument to the function show() - the "action" attribute of the form. This function just returns this value, so the browser prints it
The name of the arguments of the function that receives the HTML form must be the same as the names in the HTML form. You can also use the usual Python syntax for unspecified arguments :
def show(**kw):
 return kw['city']


text:
Part 5—Explore in ICE the Relationship of AOT and CO
Step 1 – Load Two Datasets into NEO/ICE
We will use the Image Composite Explorer (ICE) of NEO to compare the Aerosol Optical Thickness Data to the Carbon Monoxide Data. It requires Java to run on your computer.
Select datasets for use with this tool from the Atmosphere tab where we downloaded datasets for Parts 2 - 4. A maximum of three datasets may be analyzed in the ICE tool at one time. We will choose to look at a specific date in time, September 2005, for the two datasets AOT and CO.
- Go to the NASA Earth Observations (NEO) homepage.
- Find the September 2005 Aerosol Optical Thickness data in the NEO by using Next at the bottom of the page. Select it for analysis by clicking (+) to expand it and then by choosing Analyze this image.
- Find the Carbon Monoxide (MOPITT) dataset in NEO and select it for analysis.
- Choose September 2005, as you did for AOT dataset. Use (+) to expand the options and then click Analyze this image. There should now be two datasets on the right-hand section of the screen. Then click on configure/launch analysis.
Step 2 – Launch and Configure for ICE by Choosing an Area of High CO and AOT Values
- When the analysis configuration launches a new page, it will display your selected dataset(s) on the left side of this window. Datasets can be added or removed.
- Some actions you can take on this page are to select a subset of the image (Select Area), choose an analysis mode, adjust the file size, or download the dataset and the analysis tool for offline analysis.
- On this new page, click on the Select Area tab to choose a subset of the world which will decrease the image's file size for purposes of the ICE tool. This is very helpful if your Internet connection is slower. Using the cursor on the map, you can click and drag a box around your area of interest or you can type in the latitude and longitude limits.
- Drag a box around the South American area of high CO, which also seems to have high Aerosol Optical Thickness values. Be sure to click the Select button in the Select Area frame. This will cause the tool to load only the data for your area of interest, such as South America, instead of the worldwide dataset.
- Click on Launch Analysis.
Step 3 – Use Basic ICE Tools to Explore the Data
In ICE, explore the selected Aerosol Optical Thickness dataset using the Zoom and Pan, Probe, Plot Transect, Distance, Select and Outline Region tools.
- Select Probe and then move the cursor over the image to see what the optical depth values for each of the selected (at most 3) ICE datasets are for the pixel and the location of that pixel. Note that "no data" pixels are represented by "---". No data can occur because of continuous coverage by clouds of that area or the inability of the algorithm to compute a data value with the information available. Select the Probe again to turn the data value display off.
- To use the zoom and pan feature, click Zoom & Roam and then click in the image to zoom in. Continue to click within the image to zoom in further. You can right click (or command-click on the Mac) to zoom out.
- The Plot transect tool is used to graph the data for a select line. Select Plot transect and hold down the mouse and drag a line across an area of interest, releasing the mouse button at the line's end.
- To measure the distance on the image for the length of the line, select Distance and hold down the mouse and drag across the image. The measurement is in units of kilometers.
- To outline (trace) a non-rectangular area in the image, select Outline region.. Do this by holding down the mouse as you move the cursor around the desired area. As with Select region, the area inside the outline and the average optical thickness are displayed on the map.
Next, select Select region. Notice the display of the average optical depth value for a selected area.
Once you have made a selection of an area you wish to further analyze, you can use the Histogram feature which will plot values versus their frequency.
Step 4 – Compare Histograms and Scatter Plots
- Launch Analysis from the configuration page. A new page will display with your images at the top. The analysis tools are along the right as buttons and check boxes.
- When you click on the Probe button and move your cursor across the image, the values of both datasets and a location are displayed.
- You can display either image, AOT or CO. Click on the thumbnail to switch between them.
- Next, choose Select region and trace the area of highest AOT (or CO) values.
- Click back and forth between the two images to see how well the outline fits high values in both datasets.
- Choose the Select region or Outline region tool.
- Select Histogram. The plot (y values) are the number of pixel values which fall in a range of limits on the two color-coded x axes labeled for each dataset.
- Choose the Scatter button which plots the AOT on one axis and the CO on the other axis.
Step 5 - Reflect on the Data RelationshipsHere are some things to notice about the scatter and histogram plots of this area for September 2005.
- The values in the scatter plot seem to cluster in the upper right quadrant, which means that when one of these parameters is high, so is the other. They vary directly. If you select a region that has a range of color, you can see at a glance on the scatter plot the range of values for each dataset quickly.
- The histogram shows that the two datasets AOT and CO generally agree that the highest number of pixels within the outline drawn on the image have the highest values of aerosol particulates and highest carbon monoxide (in ppb).
- Since you looked at the animation stack files for AOT and CO, you should compare some monthly data on fires globally to them. Here is a MODIS Fire Data stack (TIFF 8.9MB Jun30 10) for 2008 you can animate in ImageJ. This stack is called fire2008.tif. Load it into ImageJ and combine with each of the stacks to notice any patterns.
Where and When are the Fires Happening?There are several possibilities to explain the occurrence, location and severity of the fires:
- land being cleared for agriculture
- natural weather patterns that bring electrical storms that start fires in remote forests where it is hard to reach with fire crews
- strong winds that come seasonally and spread fires quickly

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How Zella Got Her Name
Kimberly Maynor
Zella is named after her grandmother, Zenaren Zimmarue Blevins. Zella's mother, Sarahann Susie Sulvanus (spelling? ) Day, was forcibly kidnapped from her mother, Zimmarue, by Catherine'Caty' Harris and Ambrose Day because Zimmarue was a Cherokee. Zella wrote a letter detailing how the Day's plotted the kidnapping since Myron Sulvanus Day, Zella's grandfather, died 3 months before Susie was born. The excuse, they didnt want Susie "raised indian". Zella was given her grandmother's middle name.
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ZF-3792: joinUsing() produces wrong SQL
$db->select()->from('A')->joinUsing('B', 'colname')
Should produce SQL syntax with the {{USING}} clause:
But it currently tries to guess at the tables being joined, and output a traditional equi-join:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON A.colname = B.colname
This actually results in semantic problems in some queries, because Zend_Db_Select always assumes that a "Using" join is joining to the first table referenced in the query. This is not how the {{USING}} clause works in SQL.
$db->select()->from('A')->joinUsing('B', 'colname1')->joinUsing('C', 'colname2')
Should produce SQL syntax:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B USING (colname1) JOIN C USING (colname2)
This should give the same results as this query:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON B.colname1 = A.colname1 JOIN C ON C.colname2 = B.colname2
But in Zend_Db_Select, it produces the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON B.colname1 = A.colname1 JOIN C ON C.colname2 = A.colname2
Of course if table {{A}} has no {{colname2}}, this query returns an error.
If both {{A}} and {{B}} have a column named {{colname2}}, a query with {{USING (column2)}} is ambiguous, and should return an error. The SQL produced by Zend_Db_Select is not ambiguous, but it assumes that {{C}} is joined to {{A}}. This is in improper assumption.
Schema for above example:
CREATE TABLE A ( colname1 INT);
CREATE TABLE B ( colname1 INT, colname2 INT);
CREATE TABLE C ( coname2 INT);
SQL's {{USING}} clause actually knows which columns exist in which tables, and it decides which table you're trying to join based on which table has a column of the same name. So it knows that you intend to join {{C.colname2 = B.colname2}} because it knows {{B}} has a column {{colname2}}.
When multiple tables in the query contain a column of the same name, this is ambiguous and the semantics for {{USING}} can't guess what you intended. So it throws an error, which is the right thing to do.
Updating project management info: Minor, Should Have in Next Mini Release, assumed 2h of work.
I think that joinUsing should change to support USING like it should and at the same time it should support a joinOn. I spoke with Ralph about this issue and I came with a suggested implementation:
 public function joinOn($table, $onCondition) {
 if (strpos($onCondition,'') === false) {
 $onCondition = $this->_name. '.'. $this->_primary.'= '. $table. '.'. $onCondition;
 $this->... = 'JOIN '. $table.'ON ('. $onCondition. ')';
It's a pseudo-code... I'm not too focused on Zend Framework internals. So it's just an idea. Just a quick explanation:
The condition is there to support custom queries too. Examples:
$q->joinOn('B', 'column'); // JOIN B ON (A.column = B.column)
$q->joinOn('B','= B.column2'); // JOIN B ON ( = B.column2)
After speaking with [~ralph] on the issue, it was decided to close this as "Won't Fix" for these two reasons:
 - SQL Server and Sybase do not support USING clause
 - JOIN USING and JOIN ON differ in the way they return columns. ie: JOIN ON would have t1.col and t2.col in the result set, but JOIN USING would have only col, so references to t1.col or t2.col in the WHERE clause would fail.
More information here:…


Johnsonville Fossil Plant
TVA's Johnsonville Fossil Plant is located on 720 acres of land near Waverly, Tenn. It is named for the town of Johnsonville, which was flooded during the formation of the adjacent Kentucky Lake. The town was relocated several miles south and named New Johnsonville.
Johnsonville is the oldest fossil plant in the TVA fleet. Plant construction began May 12, 1949 with the first of the plant's 10 operating units going into service Oct. 27, 1951. The final unit began generating electricity on Aug. 20, 1959.
Johnsonville can generate about 1,500 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year, enough to power approximately 800,000 homes. Units 1 through 4 also provide steam to a nearby DuPont plant in a co-generation configuration. Johnsonville is the only TVA coal-fired co-generation facility.
Nevertheless, units 1 through 4 will cease generation by December 2017, as part of a consent decree with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Units 5 through 10 were idled in 2012.
Toxics Release Inventory
Emissions Data


Mass Toursim - Notes
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Mass Tourism
Nhu Huynh Thi Nguyen
The World Tourism Organization's definition of tourism is: people who are traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Definition of mass tourism: Mass tourism is the act of visiting a destination with large amounts of people at one time. It means a large number of people, often on package holidays with accommodation and travel included.
What is mass tourism – and how did it become like it is today? - It's just as the definition says
- Mass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people could begin to enjoy the benefits of leisure time. – Good advertising, better technology and transportation, higher salary, wanting to know more about the unknown places, people are more stressed and would like to relax, many companies so they are fighting over the customers by lowering the prices.
Pros and cons about mass tourism.
1. Income from tourism/entrance fees may pay for management, conservation and repairs. 2.helps to promote the region to outsider investor
3. puts you "on the map",
4. the region builds more attraction for tourists that are often beneficial for the locals 5. people learning about your culture & way of life
6. you have the opportunity to meet people from other places and learn from them. 7. Low income jobs can be converted to provide a better living (e.g. fising boats used for coastal tours). 8. New infrastructure (airports roads, water and electricity supply) can benefit industries and local people. 9. Increases the size of the domestic economy (e.g. Spain was transformed from poor Mediterranean country). 10. Greater awareness of the need for, and interest in conservation of landscape, vegetation and wildlife.
1. A level of...
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text:
A symbol that identifies a positive or negative number. In digital form, it is either a separate character or part of the byte. In ASCII, the sign is kept in a separate character typically transmitted in front of the number it represents
(+ and - is 2B and 2D in hex).
In EBCDIC, the minus sign can be stored as a separate byte (hex 60), or, more commonly, as half a byte (+ and - is C and D in hex), which is stored in the high-order bits of the least significant byte. For packed decimal, it is in the low-order bits of the least significant byte.


text:
Transnational mobility under the ESF in Germany
1. Brief description of programme
Against the backdrop of positive developments on the German labour market over the last few years, the prospect of finding work or an apprenticeship has also improved for people who have difficulties in accessing work or training for individual or structural reasons. However, at the moment this group benefits less from the positive developments on the labour market than the German average. Often there are multiple reasons for why members of this group fail to begin employment or an apprenticeship. These include long-term unemployment, a lack of or few skills learned at school or during training, poor language skills, health issues, a precarious financial situation or problematic living conditions. Often several of these difficulties coincide. Youth and young adults, in particular, if left to fend for themselves, often fail to enter the labour market or to start an apprenticeship. This is especially true of migrants.
As part of the "Federal ESF Integration Directive" programme of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the priority area "Integration through Exchange" promotes transnational measures aimed at reaching and activating the participants in an effort to gradually and sustainably integrating them into work or training. Measures aimed at helping people to (re)-enter school to acquire a school-leaving certificate are also eligible for receiving grants.
The key component of the transnational measures is a (two to six months) supervised stay abroad with in-company training (supervised practical activities combined with application-oriented classes in a work-related context). It is part of a pedagogical concept geared towards the labour market that includes intensive, individualised pre-departure preparations and follow-up activities in Germany.
By involving job centres or employment agencies in the projects, the transnational measures are designed to dovetail with the standard support schemes for integration (Social Code Books II and III), and they are designed to be used as a component of the participant's individual integration plans. Therefore, the follow-up period is of particular importance as well, as it is essential to respond to the insights and the personal development of the participants early on and to sustainably harness them for seamless integration into the labour market.
In the framework of the transnational measures, the following project components are eligible for receiving grants:
- preparatory phase of the transnational partnership,
- participant recruitment and participant preparation,
- participant stay abroad,
- follow-up phase
2. Target group
In the priority area "Integration through Exchange", transnational mobility measure should address the follow target group:
Youth and young adults aged 18 to 35,
- who face difficulties in accessing work or training for several individual or structural reasons, such as long-term unemployment, low levels of school performance/vocational skills, or a migration background, and
- who cannot or can no longer be successfully reached with the integration benefits provided by the job centres (Social Code Book II) or the employment agencies (Social Code Book III).
3. ESF Thematic Priority
The Operational Programme of the Federal Government for the European Social Fund (ESF) for the funding period 2014 - 2020 serves as a legal basis for the programme. Support under the Federal ESF Integration Directive (which includes the support for mobility measures within the priority area "Integration through Exchange") comes under the intervention category of Article 3 (1b) of regulation (EU) No 1304/2013 "promoting social inclusion, combating poverty and any discrimination" i) "Active inclusion, including with a view to promoting equal opportunities and active participation, and improving employability".
4. Intended timeline for call of proposals
Date of launch of regional call: October 2014 (call is closed)
Ongoing projects from June 2015 until December 2021

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Traffic Sign Classification with TensorFlow in Python
Hello everyone, welcome to Traffic Sign Classification tutorial using Tensorflow in Python. In this article, we will be focusing on how to classify traffic signs using deep learning(CNN). So here we are using a dataset with 43 different classes of images of signals. In self-driving cars, this is one of the major tasks to be performed.
Before we start, please install all the necessary libraries(mentioned below) and download the dataset from here:
Note: Please make sure your dataset and your script are in the same folder or otherwise specify the path in the code. Also, Jupyter notebook is preferred here.
Importing Libraries
In the below code all the necessary libraries are imported.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import pickle
import random
Loading Dataset
So here, Using pickle we will be loading the dataset into the train, valid and test parameters. The mode of loading the dataset is set to read binary(i.e. 'rb').
with open("./train.p", mode='rb') as training_data:
 train = pickle.load(training_data)
with open("./valid.p", mode='rb') as validation_data:
 valid = pickle.load(validation_data)
with open("./test.p", mode='rb') as testing_data:
 test = pickle.load(testing_data)
Next, we are dividing it into features and labels. Here you can also check the shape of train, test and validation data using shape.
X_train,y_train = train['features'],train['labels']
X_validation,y_validation = valid['features'],valid['labels']
X_test,y_test = test['features'],test['labels']
Image Visualization
Let's take a random image from the training set to check its label.
i = np.random.randint(1, len(X_train))
Above we can see an image of a yield traffic sign with label 13.
So now, instead of taking a single image lets make a grid of 10*10 so that we can view 100 different images with their respective labels.
B_grid = 10
L_grid = 10
fig, axes = plt.subplots(L_grid, B_grid, figsize = (10,10))
axes = axes.ravel()
n_training = len(X_train)
for i in np.arange(0,B_grid*L_grid):
 index = np.random.randint(0,n_training)
 axes[i].set_title(y_train[index], fontsize = 15)
Above we find various images with their labels.
Converting Images To Grayscale And Performing Normalization
Now, we will use sklearn to shuffle the data because we don't want our network to learn the order of the images.
from sklearn.utils import shuffle
X_train, y_train = shuffle(X_train, y_train)
X_validation, y_validation = shuffle(X_validation, y_validation)
X_test, y_test = shuffle(X_test, y_test)
And next, we are converting the images from RGB to grayscale by averaging them.
X_train_gray = np.sum(X_train/3,axis = 3,keepdims = True)
X_validation_gray = np.sum(X_validation/3,axis = 3,keepdims = True)
X_test_gray = np.sum(X_test/3,axis = 3,keepdims = True)
To check the shape of the data we can use shape keyword. This task is for you to perform.
So now let's normalize the data by first subtracting it by 128 and then diving it by 128. Below code will normalize our dataset.
X_train_gray_norm = (X_train_gray - 128)/128
X_test_gray_norm = (X_test_gray - 128)/128
X_validation_gray_norm = (X_validation_gray - 128)/128
Here also you can check whether the whole data is converted or not using shape.
So finally, we will visualize the images that we have converted and normalized above. The first image is the grayscaled image, the second one is the coloured image and the final image is the normalized grayscale image which we will use to train our neural network.
i = random.randint(1, len(X_train_gray))
plt.imshow(X_train_gray[i].squeeze(), cmap = 'gray')
plt.imshow(X_train_gray_norm[i].squeeze(), cmap = 'gray')
normalized grayscale
Building CNN Model
So for building the CNN model, we have followed the following procedure:
Input-Image -> Convolution -> Pooling -> Flattening -> Neural Network -> Output
Using Keras we have imported CNN model and done convolution, pooling and flattening procedures.
In the below code we will add different layers to our CNN model.
For convolution layer, we have taken number of convolutions as 6 and size as (5, 5). We are using the relu activation function here. Next, we will add other dense layers as you can see below.
from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Conv2D
from keras.layers import AveragePooling2D
CNN = models.Sequential()
CNN.add(layers.Conv2D(6,(5,5),activation ='relu', input_shape = (32,32,1)))
CNN.add(layers.Dense(120,activation ='relu'))
CNN.add(layers.Dense(84,activation ='relu'))
CNN.add(layers.Dense(43,activation ='softmax'))
Using TensorFlow backend.
Model: "sequential"
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
conv2d (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 6) 156
average_pooling2d (AveragePo (None, 14, 14, 6) 0
flatten (Flatten) (None, 1176) 0
dense (Dense) (None, 120) 141240
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 84) 10164
dense_2 (Dense) (None, 43) 3655
Total params: 155,215
Trainable params: 155,215
Non-trainable params: 0
Compiling And Training The Model
Now for compiling the model, we are using Adam optimizer with loss as 'sparse_categorical_crossentropy' and metrics as accuracy.
CNN.compile(optimizer = 'Adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',metrics = ['accuracy'])
Next, we are training the model with a batch size of 500 images(that we converted into grayscale and normalized), 10 epochs and verbose = 1 (which is the text we need to show during training).
history =,
 epochs =10,
 verbose = 1,
 validation_data = (X_validation_gray_norm,y_validation))
Train on 34799 samples, validate on 4410 samples
Epoch 1/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 210us/sample - loss: 2.8456 - accuracy: 0.2711 - val_loss: 2.3766 - val_accuracy: 0.3567
Epoch 2/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 189us/sample - loss: 1.4795 - accuracy: 0.5975 - val_loss: 1.4561 - val_accuracy: 0.5780
Epoch 3/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 188us/sample - loss: 0.8994 - accuracy: 0.7630 - val_loss: 1.0495 - val_accuracy: 0.6993
Epoch 4/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 189us/sample - loss: 0.6474 - accuracy: 0.8357 - val_loss: 0.9413 - val_accuracy: 0.7186
Epoch 5/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 188us/sample - loss: 0.5203 - accuracy: 0.8683 - val_loss: 0.8513 - val_accuracy: 0.7542
Epoch 6/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 195us/sample - loss: 0.4262 - accuracy: 0.8967 - val_loss: 0.7543 - val_accuracy: 0.7866
Epoch 7/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 8s 236us/sample - loss: 0.3663 - accuracy: 0.9102 - val_loss: 0.7343 - val_accuracy: 0.7878
Epoch 8/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 8s 233us/sample - loss: 0.3216 - accuracy: 0.9218 - val_loss: 0.7021 - val_accuracy: 0.8093
Epoch 9/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 209us/sample - loss: 0.2828 - accuracy: 0.9329 - val_loss: 0.7412 - val_accuracy: 0.8029
Epoch 10/10
34799/34799 [==============================] - 7s 205us/sample - loss: 0.2502 - accuracy: 0.9407 - val_loss: 0.7002 - val_accuracy: 0.8129
So we can see the accuracy of the model after 10 epochs is 94


text:
for National Geographic News
At a glance, it is nearly impossible to identify an individual penguin in a colony of several thousand. That's a serious problem for researchers who want to identify and track individual birds as part of their efforts to protect them.
To overcome the problem, many researchers attach stainless steel identification tags to the penguins' flippers (wings), but some long-term studies suggest these tags rub at the birds' insulating feathers and slow the birds down as they swim through the water.
"There's quite a bit of controversy about it," said Peter Barham, a polymer physicist with Bristol University in the United Kingdom.
Barham, who is not a biologist by training but passionate about penguins, is designing a new identification tag made out of silicone rubber. He hopes the new tags will be less harmful to the birds.
Dee Boersma, a conservation biologist and penguin expert at the University of Washington in Seattle, said that determining whether the new silicone rubber tags are an improvement will require several years of tests.
"It's always a good idea to develop new bands, but the real question is will these new bands be better?" she said. "We won't know until someone tests them and sees."
The new tags are designed to be flexible enough to prevent wear on the birds' feathers yet fit snuggly around the wing, thus reducing any tag drag that may slow the birds as they swim.
The first generation of Barham's silicone rubber tags fit like an airfoil on the flipper but proved too cumbersome when tested on wild penguins in South Africa. A second-generation prototype, designed more like a ring, is currently being developed.
Preliminary results from tests of the new prototype on captive penguins suggest an improvement over conventional stainless steel tags. She says but "whether it will work in practice has yet to be seen," Barham said.
Boersma is currently preparing a manuscript describing results from a ten-year study on a variety of tagging techniques, researchers will need at least five years of data before any conclusions can be made concerning the efficiency of the silicone rubber tags.
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


text: The atomic rates for H and He-like ions are accurate for densities up to cm by taking into account the effects of 3-body recombination and lowering of the continuum ([Bautista et al. 1998], [Bautista et al. 1999]). However, these effects are not treated for other species which reduce the accuracy of the model results for these ions at high density. The density for which these effects become important for a given ion increases rapidly with effective charge of the ion, starting at about cm for z=1 and at about cm for z=8. At low densities numerical errors can occur; the user is urged to read chapter 6.


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Epipodophyllotoxins are substances naturally occurring in the root of American Mayapple plant (Podophyllum peltatum).
See also
- Takimoto CH, Calvo E. "Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 11 ed. 2008.
|This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
Thèse de doctorat en Sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives
Soutenue en 2006
à Toulouse 3.
Pas de résumé disponible.
Martial arts teachers, from vocation to profession : construction of social trajectories and forms of commitment in martial arts field
For more than twenty years, the sector of socio-cultural and sporting animation is in path of professionalization. However, this branch of activity stays currently characterized by the diversity of the professional statutes of the animators and the heterogeneity of their relations to the activities of animation, education and teaching. This thesis proposes to study the case of the "martial arts teachers". Based on interviews and observations sets with more than fifty teachers of four Japanese martial arts: judo, karate, aikido and kendo, the purpose of this work is to understand the multiple forms of commitment in martial arts teaching, to observe the overlap between this activity and various spheres of existence, and finally to account about mechanisms of construction of social trajectories, which are structured around an activity lived as a "passion".


Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal Numbers are explained with Chart and Diagram.
Cardinal numbers are those numbers which show how many of the something in series.
Eg:- one, two, three etc.
Chart for Cardinal Numbers
How many balls are showing in the picture below?
There are six balls in the given picture.
Helping Topics
Ordinal Numbers
Leave a comment


text:
LYNCHES CHAPEL, TX
LYNCHES CHAPEL, TEXAS. Lynches Chapel was six miles west of Alto in southwestern Cherokee County. The site was first settled in the late 1840s or early 1850s by immigrants from the Old South. A Methodist Episcopal church, founded around 1860 and known as Lynches Chapel, became the focus of the community. A school, Hendrick School, operated in the community from 1884 to 1916. In the mid-1930s Lynches Chapel comprised the church, a sawmill, a cotton gin, a gristmill, a furniture shop, and a number of houses. After World War II many of the residents left the area, but in the 1990s the church and a few scattered dwellings still remained.
Cherokee County History (Jacksonville, Texas: Cherokee County Historical Commission, 1986). Marker Files, Texas Historical Commission, Austin.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Christopher Long, "LYNCHES CHAPEL, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 18, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
Similar Questions with Answers
Question: Can we eat kismis daily?how many can we eat?Is it good?
Answer: Congratulations for pregnancy sure u can take kishmish its safe uncan take handful raisens its safe.raisins provide a rich source of fibre. They are extremely easy to digest and help control your digestive tract at all times. Fibre is an essential aspect of any diet but it becomes twice as important when you are pregnant.... Hormonal imbalances cause numerous digestive issues, and raisins help regulate these.
Question: can I eat dates is it safe
Answer: Yes dear, dates are safe in pregnancy.it is rich in iron, helps to maintain your iron levels and prevents anemia in pregnancy.but better to have in moderate consumption.please avoid if you are diabetic.take care
Question: This is my 9th week can I eat nuts
Answer: Yes dear plants are absolutely safe to consume during pregnancy even it is good to have a handful of nuts in your daily diet. Almonds and walnuts you should eat on daily basis.


Why You Should Eat Duck Eggs
1. Duck eggs taste great! They are creamier and richer than chicken eggs
2. Duck eggs are larger, 50% larger than jumbo chicken eggs, and stay fresher longer due to harder shells
3. Duck eggs have larger yolks with higher levels of omega 3 fatty acids
4. Duck eggs contain more vitamin D and other essential vitamins, including thiamine, niacin, vitamin B12, and vitamins A and E, than chicken eggs
5. Duck egg whites have higher levels of protein, creating taller meringues and lighter, fluffier cakes, they are prized by pastry chefs!
6. People with chicken egg allergies can often eat duck eggs
© 2017 by Red Flower Organics.


text:
What is Earnings Before Interest After Taxes (EBIAT)?
taxes (EBIAT) is a measure of a company's operating performance. EBIAT is a measure of how profitable a company would be if it paid taxes on its operating profit without the benefit of the tax shelter that is created by using debt.before interest after
How Does Earnings Before Interest After Taxes (EBIAT) Work?
Essentially, EBIAT gives analysts a way to evaluate a company's profitability without factoring in the way the company is financed (i.e. the proportion of debt to equity), but taking into account that taxes could be considered an ongoing expense of doing business.
EBIAT is calculated using the company's income statement. It is not included as a line item, but can be easily derived. Let's take a look at a hypothetical income statement:
To calculate EBIAT, we use the formula above:
EBIAT = 750,000 * (1 - 100,000/700,000) = 642,857
Why Does Earnings Before Interest After Taxes (EBIAT) Matter?
EBIAT is not as widely used as its cousin, EBITDA.
That being said, EBIAT is useful for analysts who wish to look at a firm's performance while accounting for the tax environment in which it operates. Unlike financing decisions, over which companies have direct control, tax rates are set by the government of the country in which a company operates, and are not under the company's control. So by using EBIAT, the analyst treats taxes as an operating cost (i.e. as a cost of doing business) because if a company doesn't pay taxes, it will not be allowed to operate.
By minimizing the financing effects that are unique to each company, EBIAT allows investors to focus on operating profitability as a singular measure of performance. Such analysis is particularly important when comparing similar companies across a single industry, as long as they operate in the same tax environment.


text:
Are you still manually coding form-based UIs?
Manual development of data-centric, form-based UIs is tedious. Existing UI technologies such as JavaFX or HTML are powerful, but not focused on developing forms. Developers struggle with the development, maintenance, and testability of forms, especially if the underlying data model is complex and subject to frequent change. Finally, the UI must be redeveloped for all target client platforms - from desktop over web to mobile or embedded.
In this talk, we introduce a declarative approach of developing form-based UIs. Instead of manual coding based on a certain technology, UIs are described by a simple a focussed DSL (a.k.a UI model). The UI declaration is then interpreted by an adaptable rendering engine for the respective platform.
After a conceptual overview, we introduce and demonstrate two open source implementations of the approach, one for desktop applications (EMF Forms) and one based on a native web stack (JSON Forms). Along this, we show how to get started with UI modeling, how to adapt the frameworks to custom needs as well as major advantages and common pitfalls.
Both demonstrated frameworks are very actively developed under the EPL and therefore free of use even in commercial environments.


text:
But no matter how often professors repeat themselves, some students inevitably don't get the message.
Purdue PassNote is a free website designed to help professors fi nd the messages most likely to get students' attention. Developed by faculty at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, the site offers a drop-down menu from which instructors select green, yellow, or red tabs to describe their level of concern regarding a specifi c student behavior. The site then suggests statements, which instructors can cut and paste into an email, posting, or Facebook or Twitter message to students.
The statements are based on a study led by research scientist Matt Pistilli, who examined effective communication methods in education.
His research indicated, for example, that sentences intended to correct student behavior should be no longer than 54 words—students tend to stop reading after that.
If instructors want to improve students' work ethic, the site suggests statements such as "it is very important that you seek additional help before the next test to improve your grade." To improve attendance, it recommends a message such as "attending class each day on time can improve your chances of success."
The school will refine the site as more instructors use it. "We'll be looking at which phrases get used, which ones are never used, and what the final messages look like," says Pistilli. "We'll take this information and combine it with the direct feedback we get from users to continually improve the tool."
PassNote is available at _URL_.


text:
Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the United States. Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity are unsatisfactory. We hypothesized the use of colon electrical stimulation (CES) to treat obesity by inhibiting upper gastrointestinal motility. In this preliminary study, we aimed at studying the effects of CES on gastric emptying of solid, intestinal motility, and food intake in dogs. Six dogs, equipped with serosal colon electrodes and a jejunal cannula, were randomly assigned to receive sham-CES or CES during the assessment of: (i) gastric emptying of solids, (ii) postprandial intestinal motility, (iii) autonomic functions, and (iv) food intake. We found that (i) CES delayed gastric emptying of solids by 77%. Guanethidine partially blocked the inhibitory effect of CES on solid gastric emptying; (ii) CES significantly reduced intestinal contractility and the effect lasted throughout the recovery period; (iii) CES decreased vagal activity in both fasting and fed states, increased the sympathovagal balance and marginally increased sympathetic activity in the fasting state; (iv) CES resulted in a reduction of 61% in food intake. CES reduces food intake in healthy dogs and the anorexigenic effect may be attributed to its inhibitory effects on gastric emptying and intestinal motility, mediated via the autonomic mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to investigate the therapeutic potential of CES for obesity.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Nutrition and Dietetics


text:
Durable Goods Disposal Calculator: U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The EPA created this Durable Goods Disposal Calculator to help users make informed decisions about the greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy impact they have. The calculator estimates GHG emissions benefits in Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent (MTCE) and energy savings in Millions British Thermal Units (MMBtu) for recycling, landfilling and combustion of 14 typical household durable goods (refrigerators, freezers, dishwashers, gas and electric stoves/ovens, washers and dryers, televisions, VCRs, microwaves, carpets, cars, tires, and computers). There are further conversions into easily understood units — e.g. gallons of gasoline not burned.
The GHG emissions and energy factors in the calculator were developed using a life-cycle assessment methodology consistent with international GHG accounting standards. The calculator computes GHG emissions and energy consumption related to disposal activities using analyses of baseline and alternative disposal scenarios. For example, the tool can estimate the GHG emissions and energy benefits of disposing of appliances with varying percentages being recycled, combusted or landfilled. The Calculator estimates GHG emissions benefits in Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent (MTCE) and energy savings in Million British Thermal Units (MMBtu) for recycling, landfilling and combustion of 14 typical durable goods.
This tool will be useful for advanced sustainability officers looking to estimate the benefits of implementing a bulk electronics and appliance waste collection event or program. The calculator's estimates also support GHG measurement and provide quantitative data for reporting initiatives.


text:
There are few skills in the modern Code of Points have the ability to correlate with macro gymnastics themes that have impacted the development of the sport over the decades. But the wolf turn is exactly that.
It is practically unheard of to find a skill that was popularized and universally performed in two different eras, let alone two eras separated by 50 years. Yet the wolf turn exemplifies this because it is a skill with so much history associated with it. To demonstrate just how far back the history of this skill goes, let me introduce Eva Bosakova.
Eva wasn't the first WAG to debut an eponymous skill, but she was the first to debut an eponymous skill that everyone remembered. Her cartwheel on beam in the early 1950s was as revolutionary as Olga Korbut's 1972 Olympic routines. Bosakova started the trend of gymnasts working difficult acrobatic elements into their routines. It was due to Eva Bosakova that gymnastics fans and the media started paying any attention at all to the concept of an eponymous skill.
Immediately following her cartwheel Eva Bosakova transitioned into a turning motion. While I wouldn't call it a wolf turn, it is impossible to deny that Bosakova didn't use the exact same turning motion that would serve as the foundation for the modern wolf turn. It was only a matter of time before another gymnast came along and decided to add an extra 180 degrees to Bosakova's turn. The foundation for the wolf turn was being laid from the very moment WAG pivoted towards eponymous skills.
In the current era, the wolf turn is widely mocked amongst gymnastics fans. And why shouldn't they? The only exposure younger fans have had with this skill are the error-riddled and frequently botched double and triple wolf turns of the last 15 years. They aren't as visually appealing as the artistic-laced wolf turns of the cold war era that were almost always done perfectly. Yet behind the modern element is a historic skill that has more historical connotations with it than all but a handful of skills in the Code of Points. It really should be treated as one of the most sacred moves in the history of the sport, even more so when it is realized how many sacred names are associated with this skill.


text:
My Leicester colleague Catherine Pashley has done a lot of work in this area, so I was interested in this recent minireview in PLOS Pathogens.
- What Is Asthma?
- Why Do Fungi Make Spores? And a Guide to Terminology
- Do Fungal Spores Cause Asthma?
- Which Species Are Associated with Asthma?
- If Identification to Species Matters, Will New Tools Provide Needed Data?
Asthma and the Diversity of Fungal Spores in Air. (2013) PLoS Pathog 9(6): e1003371. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat._PHONE_
The diversity of fungal spores in air is vast, but research on asthma focuses on a handful of easily identified, culturable species. Ecologists are developing new tools to probe communities and identify the full complement of fungi in habitats. These tools may enable identification of novel asthma triggers, but scientists involved in public health or medicine rarely interact with mycologists focused on ecology. With this primer, my aim is to facilitate communication by providing doctors with a basic, modern guide to spores, by teaching mycologists the essential facts of asthma, and by providing patients with a succinct summary of what is known about spores and asthma. By highlighting the use of emerging metagenomics technologies in ecology, I intend to illustrate how these tools might be used to more thoroughly understand the potential diversity of fungi involved in asthma.


11 Replies Latest reply: May 7, 2012 10:18 AM by [Jongware] RSS
 Paragraph rule
 Hi All,
 Is it possible to add a rule above or below my selected paragraph in the documents through Javascript?
 In my document I require rule to cover whole paragraph (paragraph lines varies in the document) in selected paragraph style sheet named QUOTE.
 See example below:
 Screen shot 2012-05-03 at 4.55.01 PM.png
 Please provide the JS code.
 - 1. Re: Paragraph rule
 Dave Saunders Community Member
 Yes it is possible, although you need to answer the question: what do you want to do at column/page breaks? Your described techique won't work there.
 But you seem to be expecting some kind soul to just write a script for you. That might happen, but most people needing a script who aren't prepared to write one themselves would look to hire someone to do the work for them.
 Good luck.
 - 2. Re: Paragraph rule
 kerosk_inddNew Community Member
 I will do it manually. But need to apply pagragraph rule globally in document.
 I write below code but don't know how to calculate paragraph height in paragraph length.
 If anybody has done this before please add the required code in my below JS code.
 var myDoc=app.activeDocument
 var myRule=myDoc.paragraphStyles.item("QUOTE")
 with (myRule)
 - 3. Re: Paragraph rule
 [Jongware] MVP
 You can use the text baseline for that: _URL_
 Read the baseline for the first and the last line. The difference between these is the exact "height" of the paragraph, usually a multiple of its leading (1). Calculate this in points to immediately feed the value into RuleBelowWeight. You'll have to manually find the difference to shift down, but I think you only need to do this once.
 (1) If all of your paragraph text uses the same leading, this would simply be
 someParagraph.lines.length * someParagraph.leading;
 -- but not if it's set to Auto, though (still possible but then you'd use autoLeading and pointSize instead).
 ... Why are you changing your paragraph style in your sample? Are all of your "QUOTE" paragraphs exactly the same amount of lines?
 - 4. Re: Paragraph rule
 -hansCommunity Member
 you may have a look at _URL_
 ... cause you'll run into problems scripting "column/page breaks" (as Mr. Saunders mentioned above)
 - 5. Re: Paragraph rule
 kerosk_inddNew Community Member
 Thanks, Jongware for your suggestion. You are really a master.
 I don't have advanced knowledge of Javascript. I am trying your suggestion but couldn't get any positive result.
 QUOTE paragraphs are different amount of lines. Looking for ready JS code.
 - 6. Re: Paragraph rule
 [Jongware] MVP
 kerosk_inddNew wrote:
 QUOTE paragraphs are different amount of lines.
 Yeah I realize that, but you suggested changing the paragraph style, so they would all be the same.
 Looking for ready JS code.
 alert ('height of this paragraph is '+
 (app.selection[0].paragraphs[0].lines[-1].baseline - app.selection[0].paragraphs[0].lines[0].baseline)+
 'in your current vertical measurement units');
 This measures from the first baseline to the last, so it's one line "short" so you should add your leading to it. (I couldn't test this because my leading is set to "Auto", but it's easy enough.)
 As the alert says, this is in your current measurement units. To set the line weight, you need one of two: either a string of the value plus its measurement unit ("20 mm") or a numerical value (which would be in points). If you are not already working in points, you have to somehow construct this value. You could either try out the infernal function UnitValue (which I personally have given up on), or simply temporarily set verticalMeasurementUnits to POINTS, measure, then reset it to what it was.
 - 7. Re: Paragraph rule
 -hansCommunity Member
 this should basically do the job... column/page breaks are not considered.
 Cycles thru the stories of the document to find a certain pStyle, modifies the existing rule below.
 It's not perfect ;-)
 var pStyleName, myDoc, mUnits, myStories, myStory, myParagraphs, myParagraph, offsetWeight, toAdd, s, p
 pStyleName = 'quote' //the paragraphstyle to look for...
 myDoc = app.activeDocument;
 mUnits = [myDoc.viewPreferences.horizontalMeasurementUnits, myDoc.viewPreferences.verticalMeasurementUnits];
 myStories = myDoc.stories;
 toAdd = 8; //to add to lineweight in pt; space above and below
 function main()
 setViewPrefs([MeasurementUnits.points, MeasurementUnits.points]);
 function setViewPrefs(units)
 horizontalMeasurementUnits = units[0];
 verticalMeasurementUnits = units[1];
 function cycleThruStories(docStories)
 for(s = 0; s < docStories.length; s++)
 myParagraphs = docStories[s].paragraphs;
 for(p = 0; p< myParagraphs.length; p++)
 myParagraph = myParagraphs[p];
 if(myParagraph.appliedParagraphStyle.name === pStyleName)
 offsetWeight = (myParagraph.lines[-1].baseline - myParagraph.lines[0].baseline) + myParagraph.pointSize + toAdd;
 ruleBelowOffset = -(offsetWeight - toAdd/5*3.5); //- toAdd/5*3.5 bit more or less space? ;-)
 - 8. Re: Paragraph rule
 kerosk_inddNew Community Member
 Thanks for the answer, Hans.
 I have tried this code but it is giving error (The property is not applicable in the current state.). See screenshot attached.
 I am unable to rectify this error. Please help.
 - 9. Re: Paragraph rule
 -hansCommunity Member
 if you can't get'myParagraph.lines[-1].baseline' then you probably have a overflow of the paragraph in the text frame (shown as a red '+')... and so it's not possible to get / calculate a position.
 you can ignore it by try catch or write a function to calculate from the last line in the textframe in that case.
 have a nice day
 Hans-Gerd Claßen
 - 10. Re: Paragraph rule
 kerosk_inddNew Community Member
 Thank you so much, Hans. It is working. The script does not apply rule below on quote paragraph style if text is flowing on one page to next page.
 Thanks once again for your support.
 - 11. Re: Paragraph rule
 [Jongware] MVP
 That was mentioned right away as a flaw of this method... Did you check out dtputils' plugin? That adds it as a paragraph attribute, as Adobe should've done long ago.


Pyrmin Limited
"Applying heat to unlock value"
Welcome to the website of Pyrmin Limited, part of the Enhanced Landfill Mining Group.
Pyrmin is focussed on the processing of waste organic (ie - carbon-containing) compounds using heat to produce re-usable materials that can be sold, principally into the fuels value-chain but also including other products that are produced. These materials may currently be destined for landfill or may be being re-processed in a harmful way. Materials include waste plastics of all types and ultimately biologically sourced organic materials.
Our initial focus is on the thermolysis of waste tyres since these represent a significant problem for disposal and, by their nature, provide a significant volume of already sorted material for our process.
If you would like more information, please email us at: _EMAIL_


Historic Boston Church Considers Sale of Hymnal
The first book printed in what would become the United States was a Puritan hymnal of psalms, sturdy enough that 11 copies that came off a wooden Cambridge press in 1640 still exist. Now, a copy of the "Bay Psalm Book" may bring millions of dollars to the Boston church that owns it.
Books and printing are marks of civilization, "so the ability to create a book in the New World was,


text:
Panel, inclusivity in PD
Thursday 23nd of August
16:00 – 17:00
Hasselt University, in the Old Prison
"Inclusivity in Participatory Design starts with our Conference – or Does it? Towards a plural, inclusive, diverse and intersectional conference"
One aim of the Participatory Design Conference is to be as inclusive as possible, and to increase the diversity of voices (from different parts of the world, or with new perspectives on participation) that build our field. Different strategies have been tried out to pursue this vision, such as the practitioners/industry track, exhibition track, community challenges, the David Hakken scholarship etc. Given that diversity and inclusion can still be handled better and improved, in this panel we will discuss how we can continue to work on these issues in the future. This is an issue raising panel, and the place where some planning for the future can happen.
We welcome everyone to discuss these issues and take some steps towards this goal. We will have a panel of people making short statements to provoke reflection, followed by discussion and joint formulation of proposals. Our starting points for discussion are:
- The current conference deliberately sought contributions from outside the PD community for the short papers, but reviewers found lack of PD literature, etc a reason to reject. Is PD(C) too orthodox?
- PDC is developing a culture consistent with ACM-compliance. This promotes a science model of reporting and a US American scholarship base-line. Is that the only possible model?
- Procedures for inviting / reviewing / discussing and selecting need to be attuned to the possibility of exclusion. This year a lot of "diversity" – in terms of themes and geographical coverage – was marked low by reviewers. Why were these papers at the bottom?
- How can we produce a review process that is helpful for all and still likely to include a more varied set of papers? Or should there be other tracks and ways into the conference which support people from contexts where global (North) academic priorities are not valued/taught/accessible?
- Is it worth it and would it add value to the participatory nature of the conference to arrange for live translation at future PDC venues? Should we add more submission forms (e.g. video, podcasts etc.)? Rethink language policies?
- Can we creatively devise a funding mechanism for newcomers/for people coming from underrepresented areas to attend? (e.g. 1% of the conference fees go to a pot of money for such funding options? Can we have other differentiated fee, like there is for students?)
Organizers (the PDC Diversity taskforce): Linda Tonolli (University of Trento), Giacomo Poderi (IT University of Copenhagen), Vasilis Vlachokyriakos (OpenLab Athens), Raechel Luck (Open University), Ann Light (University of Sussex) and Andrea Botero (Oulu university)


Kernel Symbols Versioning The kernel's internal functions are constantly changing. From one version to another, new parameters may be added, function names may be changed, etc. If a module was compiled for one kernel version, and is being loaded into running kernel of a different version, the symbols used by the module might be invalid, or functions invoked with invalid arguments, resulting unexpected behaviour (e.g. kernel panic, system crash, etc). To avoid this, all the kernel's exported symbols contain CRC values. These CRC values are computed when the kernel is compiled.


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With much of the northeast experiencing scorching temperatures, high humidity and little to no precipitation, Carbon County is among the growing number of counties that have been placed on the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's drought list.
Mark Nalesnik, the Carbon County Emergency Management Agency director, released an updated drought map from DEP yesterday.
According to the composite indicator map, dated July 6, numerous counties throughout the eastern portion of the state are in a drought watch or warning. Carbon County is listed in a drought watch.
A drought watch declaration is the first level and least severe of the state's three drought classifications. It calls for a voluntary 5 percent reduction in non-essential water use. The classifications are dependent on four indicators, including precipitation deficits, surface water levels, groundwater levels and soil moisture. Drought watch conditions begin to occur when a deficit of 25 percent of the normal precipitation happens over a three-month period. Drought warning conditions occur when a deficit of 35 percent is recorded and drought emergency conditions begin to happen when a deficit of 45 percent is recorded.
Nalesnik recommends that Carbon County residents try to conserve water, if possible, until the drought situation improves.
He noted that there are three burn bans currently in place in the county.


text:
In our eBook we cover:
- What's driving the shift towards alternative methods of construction, including social, political and environmental drivers
- Why and how CFS/LGS is a superior construction method for the future
- How CFS/LGS delivers a faster and higher ROI for construction projects
- What makes CFS/LGS buildings better than those constructed using traditional methods
- What to look for in a CFS/LGS partner
Traditional methods of construction are struggling to keep up with the international demand for better, more efficient and affordable buildings. As a result, many in the construction industry are turning to alternative methods to solve their problems. And one emerging technology is leading the way – Cold Formed Steel construction (CFS), also known as Light Gauge Steel (or LGS).


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I've learned a lot about JMX over the past couple of years and have built some pretty fancy MBeans for my web applications. However, I'm not sure I have a good answer to a pretty basic question:
Why use JMX over simple HTTP servlets?
My current web applications offer redundant monitoring options: I can access the data that needs to be monitored via JMX with a client like JConsole or I can access that same data in XML format via a servlet. I don't see a strong reason to use one method over another, but the servlet method does have the major advantage of being readable by a simple http client / web browser.
I can see how JMX would be quite useful for Java applications that aren't web apps, but I can't see any advantage to using JMX for a web app.
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Why use JMX over simple HTTP servlets?
From my standpoint, JMX is better for 3 reasons:
 1. It requires less code to enable monitoring points.
 2. It deals with Java serialized objects end-to-end so there is better data consistency.
 3. It works with programs that are not servlet based (as you mentioned).
JMX offers a much easier interface to specific data items. You can certainly write the same functionality in a number of servlets, but it is easier for me to expose those using JMX.
For example, if you are using Spring then you can use the org.springframework.jmx.export annotations (_USER_, _USER_, etc.) to mark up your classes. I've also published my SimpleJmx framework so you can easily expose attributes and operations with just a couple annotations independent of Spring. For example:
_USER_(domainName = "j256", objectName = "lookupCache")
public class LookupCache {
 // this can also be done as _USER_ on the getter/setters
 _USER_(description = "Number of hits in the cache")
 private int hitCount;
 _USER_(description = "Flush the cache")
 public void flushCache() {
I have a fully working example program to see how it works. So all you need to do to expose a value or operation is add an annotation to the class and each attribute and/or method. The code to publish it using SimpleJmx looks like the following. Spring is similar albeit with beans:
// create a new server listening on port 8000
JmxServer jmxServer = new JmxServer(8000);
// register our lookupCache object defined above
To get similar functionality in servlets would take a lot more code than just annotations. That said, there may exist frameworks which provide similar functionality in servlet land that I don't know about.
Some more notes:
 - There are probably better monitoring tools that grok HTTP/HTML but there are also a ton of distributed JMX monitoring applications. Probably a toss up.
 - Being able to programmatically get objects from JMX servers is a plus as opposed to just strings from a servlet page. SimpleJmx also supports a simple JMX client although better ones exist out there.
 - Obviously a lot of other worthwhile data is already published by the JVM by default: VM settings, thread details, memory information, etc..
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In addition to reading values, JMX can be used to invoke methods on Management Beans.
For example, we often use it to force a JVM garbage collection for Tomcat instances remotely.
Also because JMX is a different port that http/https you can limit access at the network level via firewalls. JMX has built-in username/password authentication as well.
A web servlet would have to implement it's own access control.
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text: Indonesia is a democratic country. Every believer is free to worship according to their beliefs. But in fact, it is still found disharmonious relationship and violence acts between Islamic minority groups or other minority adherents and Islamic majority groups. Based on Setara Institute, there are still 201 violations (2017) and 208 (2016) in this country. Then, bom terrors to minorities groups still happen (On May 13, 2018 in Surabaya). This article aims to describe the meaning of interreligious relationship, the portrait of interreligious relationship in Indonesia, and how to foster tolerance and defend minority groups in the context of Indonesian Islam. This article is analyzed by using "the theory of interreligious relationship perspective". This paper concluded that: the first, to avoid religious conflict and violent acts, everyone must return to the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). The second, Islamic minority groups or minority religious adherents are not allowed to be oppressed by any other groups because of different belief. The violent acts are contrary to the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila. Everyone has right to live in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The third, imams, ulamas, and religious leaders can function to be deterrent in religion conflict and violent acts by doing dialogue or win-win solution while referring to Islamic traditions. This study is hoped to be researched and explored more comprehensive in the future in order harmonious religious life in Indonesia will be better.


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Increasing Script Performance, Part I
All those guys that migrated from good old HyperCard to MC, were delighted by the speed enhancement. Nevertheless, in a number of cases, MC is slow compared to languages like Pascal or C. Scott Raney gives some good advice about how to speed up your scripts. However, there are some of less known tricks that can speed up your scripts amazingly. Suppose you want to create a list consisting of a number of lines with something put into each line. For the sake of simplicity, let us create a list of 10000 random numbers between 1 and 1000. If your script looks like this:
and you are eager to know how to write a script that executes more then ten times as fast, you should read on! But first some questions. Do you think that the same script, but now generating random numbers between 1 and _PHONE_ (one million) takes more time? If your answer is "yes", you're right. It will take about twice as much time. Do you think that's because generating a random number between 1 and _PHONE_ takes more time than generating a random number between 1 and 1000? If your answer is "yes", you're wrong. It takes about the same amount of time. To write scripts that executes as fast as possible, you should know something about how a computer (or MetaCard) works, how data are stored, etc. I'm going to tell you that in a very, very simplified way. But first, the fast script:repeat with i = 1 to 10000 put random (1000) into line i of randList end repeat
Script B yields exactly the same result as script A, but is more then ten times as fast. If we wanted to generate random numbers between 1 and _PHONE_, it is even more then 20 times as fast.repeat with i = 1 to 10000 put random (1000) & cr after randList end repeat delete last char of theList
Here is the reason why:
Data are stored in memory. Each piece of data has a particular length. For example, in script A, the 75th call to random (1000) may yield 234, which is three characters long. This piece of data had to be put after the CR (carriage return) at the end of line number 74. But where in memory is that? The computer can only figure that out by counting the number of CR's from the start of 'randList'. And that takes time. And each call to random (1000) the computer (the poor thing) starts counting the CR's again.
Script B does not have this drawback. The computer does not have to bother about counting CR's, but can just put the result of random (1000) after the last char of 'randList'. In script B a CR is placed after this line, to warrant that each new result of random (1000) appears on a new line. Finally, the last cr is deleted, to ensure that the results of script A and B are exactly the same. To count the number of CR's in script A, the computer has to walk through all characters of 'randList' and to decide whether or not the character is a CR.
If we generated random numbers between 1 and _PHONE_, the computer has to walk through about twice (actually, less than twice, because also the CR's are characters) as much characters than in case of generating random numbers between 1 and 1000. Hence generating random numbers between 1 and _PHONE_ with script A takes about twice as much time than generating random numbers between 1 and 1000 with script A. In script B there is no difference of course.
If you understand the principle, you can easily imagine that the speed increase will become negligible if the number of characters on a line is very small, but very large if the mean number of characters on each line as large.
Moreover, you will also understand why using array variables is so fast. Array variables
are indexed. If the variable AR is an array variable, AR directly points to
the correct position in memory. Hence, a statement like
get AR is very fast.
On the other hand, the statement
get line 345 of randList is much slower: again, the
computer has to count 344 CR's, walking through the data of 'randlist'.
Similarly, if you want to perfom some action on each number in 'randList' using the script:
is much faster thenrepeat for each line randNumber in randList put randNumber into temp -- do something end repeat
Why? In script D the computer has to count CR's to get the i's line. In script D, the computer 'remembers' where it is, getting lines; it just proceeds through the lines and doesn't count CR's. Moreover, of course, the statement 'put randNumber into temp' is superfluous.repeat with i = 1 to the number of lines of randList put line i of randList into temp -- do something with temp end repeat
A strategy that can give good results, is:
Posted on 4/1/03 by Will Dijkstra to the MetaCard list (See the complete post/thread)
Another 2 things to consider in your loops:
set cursor to busywill slow down scripts considerably.
So remember to avoid screen updates...repeat with x = 1 to 100000 if char -3 of x is not oldx then set cursor to busy showstatus put char -3 of x into oldx end if
Another consideration is
But to avoid mistakes or substring-matching errors,if x is in "picasso" or x is in "miro" then... is slower than if x is in "picassomiro" then
Enjoy more speed! Xavierif x is among the items of "picasso,miro" then...
Posted on 3/31/03 by Xavier Bury to the MetaCard list (See the complete post/thread)


What's the difference between mortgages in Australia and the USA?
One of the arguments frequently used to denounce the overseas economists who come here warning that our property markets are going to crash, is that our real estate markets are different to America.
So what's the difference between mortgages in Australia and the USA? Mortgage-Rates
According to finder.com, aside from different terminology and product types, there are some unique differences and similarities in the US and Australian mortgage markets.
From different borrowing behaviour to credit score systems and product categorization, there are several differences (and some similarities) between the American and Australian mortgage industries.
Here is what their report had to say:
What are the differences?
From the preference of different mortgage types to credit score systems, mortgage insurance and industry bodies, there are several key contrasts between the American and Australian home loan sector.
1. Fixed-rate preferencelow interest rates
One of the biggest differences between the American home loan market and the Australian home loan market is that American borrowers tend to favour mortgages with long-term fixed rates instead of variable rates.
In America, fixed rate mortgages typically come with longer loan terms of 10,15, 20, 25 or 30 years, whereas the most common fixed terms in Australia are much shorter such as one, two, three, four and five years.
This reflects the difference in borrowing attitudes and behaviour between the two countries.
2. Representation of variable rate
The representation of variable rate loans – referred to as adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) in the US – is another point of difference.
In the US, ARMs are advertised with the initial fixed period first followed by how often the rate will be adjusted.
For instance, a 5/1 ARM has an initial five-year fixed rate after which the rate is adjusted once a year.
On the other hand, Australian variable rate home loans are simply represented as an annual percentage, such as 3.99% p.a.
3. Credit scores
While credit scoring is an integral part of the home loan application process in both the US and Australia, the systems used are different. 8507207_l
In America, the FICO score is the most common model used, which takes into account your payment history, types of credit and recent enquiries to calculate a three-digit figure from 300 to 850.
As a rule of thumb, a FICO credit score above 740 can secure more competitive rates or lower down payments for a US mortgage.
On the other hand, the system used in Australia is called VedaScore, which ranges from 0 to 1200.
The higher the number, the better.
A credit score between 81 and 100 could secure a better home loan deal.
4. Mortgage insurance
In the US, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is paid for home loans that are greater than 80% loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, which is similar in Australia for full documentation loans.
However, PMI is generally about 0.3% to 1.15% of the original loan amount and is paid annually, whereas lenders mortgage insurance (LMI) in Australia can either be paid upfront or capitalised into the loan.
PMI in the US is also tax deductible, just like it is for investment loans in Australia.
5. Mortgage product categorisation
The categorisation of mortgage products is different in both the US and Australian industry.
Influence of authoritative bodies
The US mortgage industry features conventional loans that are either conforming or non-conforming. A conforming loan meets the standards imposed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae such as maximum loan size and deposit requirements.
Non-conforming loans do not meet the criteria and are therefore not bought by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
A common non-conforming loan is a jumbo loan, which exceeds the maximum loan size set out by Freddie Mae and Fannie Mac.
This limit is generally $417,000 but can be much higher in certain states.
Non-bank lenders in Australia (which are somewhat similar to US non-conforming lenders) do not have to hold a banking licence, yet they are still bound by the laws and regulations as set out in the Consumer Credit Code by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC).
As a result, the regulation of the Australian home loan market is more streamlined.
All Australian lenders have a duty of care to only recommend home loan products that are suitable to the borrower.
The National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (NCCP) stipulates that all lenders follow "responsible lending" obligations, which apply to loan amounts or loan increases.
6. Mortgage point system
Another point of difference between the Australian and American mortgage industries is the "mortgage point" system offered in the US market.
One point refers to 1% of the loan amount. For instance, 1 point would be worth $3,000 for a $300,000 mortgage.
As a result, US loan products are offered with an interest rate and a point, such as 6% and 2 points.
This allows borrowers to buy discount points at the rate of 1% of the property value, which decreases their interest rate and lowers their repayments.
This system of rate discounting is not available in Australia. Instead, some lenders provide an introductory rate discount for a given time or a special promotional offer.
7. Mortgage experts
The people you will deal with when applying for a home loan are different in the US and Australia (or at least have different titles).
When you apply for a mortgage in America, you will generally deal with the following people:
 - Loan officer. Your loan officer will be your first point of contact and the person who will help you find a loan when you approach a lender. Your loan officer will also help you complete your application paperwork. home loan
 - Loan processor. Once you're ready to apply, your loan processor will collect the required documents from you to support your application and will cross-check the calculations for your mortgage.
 - Mortgage underwriter. The final say on whether or not you'll be approved for a loan sits with the underwriter, who will either accept or reject your application.
When you apply for a home loan in Australia, you generally deal with:
 - A mortgage broker. If you apply for a home loan in Australia, your first point of contact is likely to be a mortgage broker.
 A licensed broker can help you estimate your borrowing power and compare your home loan options. A broker can also assist you with the application process.
 Effectively, a mortgage broker assumes the role of a loan officer in the US.
 - A lending specialist. The lending specialist is a representative from the bank or lender providing you with the home loan.
 They will have the final approval of your application outcome.
What are the similarities?
Mortgage rates are negotiable
Although this may not be widely known in either markets, mortgage rates are negotiable in both the US and Australia.
If you've been a loyal customer and you have a good credit rating, you can easily negotiate your interest rate with your existing lender in order to lower your periodic repayments.
Ethical conduct
As in Australia, American mortgage brokers and lenders must provide borrowers with a comparison of different products that are suitable to their borrowing needs.
In America, this is known as good faith estimate (GFE). In Australia, it is referred to as "responsible lending", which is enforced by the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (NCCP).
Comparison rate vs annual percentage rate
Both markets disclose an interest rate that more accurately reflects the cost of the loan. interest rate
In the US, this is known as the annual percentage rate (APR).
In Australia, it is called the comparison rate.
Similar to the comparison rate, the APR is an interest rate that includes some of the fees and charges of the loan.
When comparing different home loans, both the APR and comparison rate help borrowers understand the true cost of a loan.
First home buyer assistance
The US government assists first home buyers through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which enables them to get a home loan with a small deposit amount of just 3%-5% in some cases.
Similarly, the Australian government provides a monetary grant and stamp duty concessions for first home buyers to help them get into the property market.
This is implemented through the First Home Owner Grant (FHOG) scheme.
Source: finder.com
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'What's the difference between mortgages in Australia and the USA?' have 2 comments
 May 12, 2016 Roger
 You didn't mention nonrecourse loans. I would have thought that was a pretty significant difference.
 May 12, 2016 Paul Kenny
 On the Veda Credit score up to 1200, I think if you only scored between 80 to 100, no lender in Australia would want to know you except the loan sharks who would make you pay dearly.
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text:
|"Children are one third of our population and all of our future."|
|–Select Panel for the Promotion of Child Health, 1981|
The value of a good mentor is immeasurable when it comes to being able to inspire and promote social norm change – particularly among men. By sharing their insight and knowledge, a mentor can increase the awareness to the magnitude of violence against women. A good mentor can advise, support and help mentees avoid feelings of incompetence and isolation. A good mentor introduces others to the collaborative efforts of men and women in reducing gender violence.
What you can do:
- Become familiar with the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program and the Bystander Model
- Volunteer to coach or supervise a youth sport or activity – check local resources for requests and openings
- Encourage the place you volunteer at to talk about violence prevention with coaches and mentors
- Join and/or Support the Iowa Men's Action Network


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