text:
Green Monster at Fenway Part 2 Solving the problem to determine the minimum velocity to hit a ball with to clear the Green Monster
Green Monster at Fenway Part 2
⇐ Use this menu to view and help create subtitles for this video in many different languages. You'll probably want to hide YouTube's captions if using these subtitles.
- When we left off, we were trying to figure out: what did the magnitude of our initial velocity
- need to be for the ball to clear the Green Monster at Fenway park, assuming that the batter hits it at a 45 degree angle,
- and he hits it one meter above home plate, and the Green Monster is 96 meters away and it's 11.3 meters high.
- So, the x-component of the displacement when it's at 96 meters, the y-component of the displacement has
- to be 10.3 meters. Not the 11.3. Because it's already
- starting at one meter high, it just has to get 10.3 more, it just needs to be 10.3 meters higher.
- And we set up the problem, we set up our formula we derived in multiple videos
- on displacement as a function of time and inital velocity
- and our acceleration, and now we're ready to go because we have all of the ingredients.
- So let's apply it. And what's really neat is, we'll essentially be able to do
- both the horizontal and the vertical components at the same time now that we've expressed all of
- our vectors in engineering notation, as a combination of scaled multiples of i and j vectors.
- So, our displacement as a function of time, our displacement as a function of time,
- I'll just write it all in green, is going to be equal to v sub i times t.
- Well, v sub i is all of this business right over here. v sub i is all of this business.
- And if you multiply a vector times a scalar, and t is a scalar, it's just a number,
- you just multiply each, you just scale each of its components by that much.
- So this is going to be equal to square root of 2, lemme, lemme make it...
- So, this part, maybe I should, so this part right over here, this part right over here,
- is going to be square root of 2 over 2 times the magnitude of our initial velocity, times time times
- i, so I'm just multiplying this times time. So both of these terms have to be multiplied times time.
- Both of these component vectors.
- Plus square root of 2 over 2, time v sub i, times time, because we're multiplying it
- by this time right over here, times j.
- So that is v sub i times t over there. Maybe I'll make the t in yellow just so you see
- that this t, I've just distributed this t onto both terms on the, on our initial velocity vector.
- So, this thing expands onto all of this business over here. I'll underline it in the same way.
- It expands into all that stuff over there, and then over here we're scaling the acceleration
- vector, we're essentially multiplying it by t squared over 2. So we multiply every term here
- by t squared over 2. Well, there really isn't an i term, we can just ignore it, so all we have is this
- j term. And we multiply it by t squared over 2. So all of this over here is this vector
- times t squared over 2. So if I multiply this by t squared over 2, I get the divided by 2 part,
- 9.8 divided by 2 is -4.9 and then t squared j.
- So this part right over here gives us this right here. I just multiplied
- t squared over 2 times -9.8 to get the magnitude right over here, and it's going,
- it's in the vertical direction, although this negative tells us that we're going down in the vertical
- direction. Now remember, remember, we need to get, we need to figure out, we need to figure out what
- this velocity needs to be. So we have to have some constraints here because we have
- 2 unknowns here. We have a t and we have a v, but luckily we can set up 2 equations.
- Because we said that our necessary displacement, when we just tip the top of the wall,
- has to be, so I call that the necessary displacement.
- So the displacement necessary has to be 96 in the horizontal direction,
- 96 meters in the horizontal direction, 96 meters in the horizontal direction,
- and 10.3 meters in the vertical direction. So, plus 10.3 meters in the vertical direction.
- So how can we set up 2 equations here? So what's the, what's the horizontal component
- of all of this business up here? Well, the horizontal component of all of this is
- what's multipied by the i vector. I can even write, make it orange right over there.
- So that needs to be equal to this right over here, and what's the vertical component?
- Well, the vertical component is all the stuff that's multiplied by the j vector.
- And actually, we can group them, we could factor out a j vector, I guess is one way to think about it.
- And all of that needs to be equal to this! Needs to be this over here. And so that essentially gives
- us 2 equations and 2 unknowns, and allows us to solve for the necessary v to clear the Green Monster.
- So let's try that out. So this first equation, we get, right over here, square root of 2 over 2,
- times our initial velocity times time, needs to be equal to 96, right? The magnitude
- here has to be equal to the same magnitude here. And then if we talk about all of the j components,
- we could factor out all of the j components, we could factor out a j here, so all of this stuff
- is multiplied by j, all of this stuff is multiplied by j, I essentially just factored it out,
- so this is the magnitude in the vertical direction, and that needs to be equal to 10.3.
- So our second, our second equation with two unknowns is square root of 2 over 2, times the magnitude
- of our initial velocity, times time, minus 4.9 t squared, needs to be equal to 10.3.
- And our goal here is to solve for v sub i. To solve for the magnitude of our initial velocity.
- Well what we could do here is solve for t here, in terms of v sub i,
- the substitute back in here, then solve for that v, that, that necessary initial velocity, or the
- magnitude of it. So, to solve for t here, pretty straight forward, you just divide both sides
- by square root of 2 over 2 v sub i, square root of 3 v sub i, these guys over here cancel out,
- and you get t is equal to 96 over all of this business, which is the same thing as saying
- t is equal to, t is equal to, dividing by square root of 2 over 2 is the same thing as multiplying by
- 2 over the square root of 2, which is really just the square root of 2. So let me just do that.
- This right over here, I'll write it over here, so 96 over the square root of 2 over 2, is equal to
- 96 times 2 over the square root of 2. And 2 divided by the square root of two is just
- the square root of 2. So this simplifies to 96 square roots of 2. 96 square roots of 2 over our initial
- velocity. And now we can take this, and we can substitute it back into this other constraint,
- where every time we see a t, and then we'll have one equation with one unknown.
- We will get, we will get square root of two...I'll do that in blue.
- We will get square root of 2 over 2 times the magnitude of our initial velocity time time.
- We just figured out that time is all of this business over here, so it's times
- 96 times the square root of 2 over v sub i, minus 4.9, times t squared. Minus 4.9 times t squared.
- Well what's t squared? T squared is the same thing as this thing squared, so it's minus 4.9
- times 96 squared, times square root of 2 squared, so that's just 2, all of that over v sub i squared.
- Did I do that right? Yeah, if I square this I get 96 squared, times square root of 2 squared,
- which is just 2, over v sub i squared, and then that, it needs to be equal to, that needs to be equal
- to 10.3. And now we just need to solve for v sub i. It might look daunting, but it's not going to be
- as bad, if we just keep, if we keep our heads down and we focus on the


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism
The International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism —or Ligue Internationale Contre le Racisme et l'Antisémitisme (LICRA) in French— has existed for 75 years battling the evils of intolerance, xenophobia and exclusion. In 1927, French journalist Bernard Lecache created "The League Against the Pogroms." Originally, a Committee of Honor was formed by a number of notable scholars of the day including, Edward Herriot, Léon Blum, Léon Jouhaux, Albert Einstein, Séverine, Maxim Gorky, Edouard Benes, Thomas G. Mazaryck, Romain Rolland, André Malraux, and Anne de Noailles. Joseph Kessel was one of the first to sign a membership.
It soon changed its name to the International League Against Anti-Semitism (LICA) that evolved to LICRA in 1979.
- LICRA - Ligue Internationale Contre le Racisme et l'Antisémitisme French language official page.
- _URL_ English introduction.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
write-byte byte stream => byte
Arguments and Values:
byte---an integer of the stream element type of stream.
stream---a binary output stream.
write-byte writes one byte, byte, to stream.
(with-open-file (s "temp-bytes" :direction :output :element-type 'unsigned-byte) (write-byte 101 s)) => 101
stream is modified.
The element type of the stream.
Should signal an error of type type-error if stream is not a stream. Should signal an error of type error if stream is not a binary output stream.
Might signal an error of type type-error if byte is not an integer of the stream element type of stream.
read-byte, write-char, write-sequence


Beefy Boxes and Bandwidth Generously Provided by pair Networks
go ahead... be a heretic
How do I find the length of a string?
( #1971=categorized question: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
Contributed by vroom on Jan 11, 2000 at 23:27 UTC
Q&A > strings
Answer: How do I find the length of a string?
contributed by vroom
length($string) returns the number of characters in a string.
$foo = "quux"; $foolen = length $foo; # in this case, 4
Answer: How do I find the length of a string?
contributed by w-ber
Since Perl 5.6, Perl has had Unicode support, which manifests itself as UTF-8 encoded strings. If you want to find out how many characters a string has, simply use length($string). It just works.
However, if, for some reason, you need to find out how many bytes a string uses (which may be different from how many UTF-8 characters the string has):
use bytes; my $len = bytes::length($string);
Unless you know what you are doing, better steer clear of the latter. Use the former. (See perlunicode for more information.)
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text:
Short Answer Questions Key
1. Sacks sees himself as having what kind of personality?
2. Sacks sees his patients as:
3. What does Sacks call his chapters?
4. What does Sacks compare his tales to?
5. Sacks finds his patients:
6. Sacks is a:
7. Sacks' book is different from a college textbook in that it:
Has a friendlier style
8. If Sacks called his chapters'studies' what would that mean about his attitude?
He is detached from his patients.
9. Sacks' patients are typically:
10. Sacks thinks of his patients as:
This section contains 4,078 words
(approx. 14 pages at 300 words per page)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: A new children's book serves up Jewish folk tales and cuisine for families preparing to celebrate Passover. During the eight-day holiday that begins the evening of March 25, Jews do not eat any leavened products, which can be challenging for kids. "Jewish Fairy Tale Feasts: A Literary Cookbook," by award-winning children's writer Jane Yolen and Heidi E.Y. Stemple, pairs 18 of Yolen's richly detailed retellings of Jewish folk tales from around the world with Stemple's kid-friendly recipes. This is the second collaboration between the mother and daughter, who live in Western Massachusetts. In 2009, they coauthored "Fairy Tale Feasts." Yolen's mysterious Passover tale, "And the Matzo Was Still Warm," is followed by Stemple's recipe for matzo brei, the eggy breakfast treat. Matzo lasagna is an adaptation of the popular dish. In the introduction, the authors encourage readers to experiment and be creative with the stories and recipes. "Be playful," they write. "Jewish Fairy Tale Feasts" available at bookstores.


text:
We have a number 'Alert' scenarios where we want to send out user alerts, and also retain the body of a message (or part thereof) for resubmission, to replay the orchestration once appropriate remedial action has been taken. I thought we could be clever, and define an envelope schema that would contain details of the alert, in human-readable form, together with an element that could contain the message, for resubmission. By defining the parent of this element as the BodyXPath of the envelope, the alert message itself could be resubmitted, at which point the inner message would be stripped out and re-processed.
+ - Message
+ - Resubmit
+ -
It was the first time I'd used the Mass Copy functoid, and was annoyed to find that it copies the children and attributes of the node selected, rather than the node itself - meaning that you lose the root node name if it isn't already in the output schema. The xsl generated is thus:
(where the element is the parent of the , and our body xpath node.)
This didn't work for us, as we needed the name of the root element copied over, so I replaced the Mass Copy functoid with a Scripting functoid, selected Inline XSLT as the script type, and used the following:
I'm surprised that there isn't a property of the Mass Copy functoid that allows you to do this, as it seems relatively obvious (and easy to implement). Has anyone else had to do this?


Montana State University
MSU IT Center
Renne Library Commons
P.O. Box 173240
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_PHONE_ |
Chief Information Officer
Jerry Sheehan
MSU List Service FAQ
Where do I go to log in to the web interface?
How do I request a new list?
Complete a New List Request form and send it to MSU List Help. We'll create the list and send a confirmation message back to you with list information and instructions.
Can I still manage my list by sending commands to the list server?
Yes. List owners can still email commands to the list server. Please note that command format and syntax has changed. See Sympa commands for List Owners, for a complete list of command changes, examples, and instructions.
Do list owners still have to send commands to the server in plain text format?
Yes, commands must be sent in plain text format. If you are unsure how to do this use your email program's help link/tab to search for "plain text formatted email message". This will ensure the message will be sent in plain text.
To what address do list owners send commands?
Send commands to
How do I change or add another list owner to my list?
To request a list owner change or addition send a message to and include the following information:
 1. List name
 2. Name/address of new list owner(s)
 3. Name/address of owner to be removed - if applicable
Can the messages to a list be archived?
Yes. Archiving can be requested when a list is created or anytime thereafter. Email with the answers to these questions:
 1. Who should be allowed to access the archives?
 - list owner only
 - list owner & members
 - anyone
 2. Where (how) would you like to access your archive?
 - online via the web
 - via email by sending and receive in plain text
 - both
 3. If your choice includes the email option please indicate how often you would like messages archived?
 - daily
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How can I send a message to the owner of a specific list?
Send an email message to (replacing listname with real name of the list).
How do I subscribe (add) myself to a list?
If a list has an open subscription policy, add yourself by following these instructions:
 1. Send a message to from the address you want to subscribe to the list.
 2. Enter subscribe listname firstname lastname into the subject field of the message (replacing listname, firstname and lastname with your real list and name).
 3. Leave the message body blank.
For example:
Subscribe To image.
A message will be sent to this address confirming your subscription to the list.
Can HTML or other rich text messages be sent to a list?
Yes. Unless the list has been restricted to "text only" messages, any message type can be sent to a list. The restriction on plain text messages only applies to commands being sent to the list server.
Can attachments be sent to a list?
Yes. Unless the list has been restricted to "text only" messages, any attachment type can be sent. If an attachment is large or there are a considerable number of list members, consider putting the attachment on the Web and sending a link instead.


text:
Speaker Series-Invasive Species in our Local Communities
Time & Location
About the event
Description: Join Natalya Walker, Aquatic Invasive Species Program Coordinator for North St. Louis Soil & Water Conservation District. She'll be speaking on the importance of stories, science, data, and behavior working together to help prevent the spread of Invasive Species. Natalya will review the history of Aquatic Invasive Species, why we care, what we're doing to prevent their spread, and how you can help! Registration link: _URL_ Event Hosts: Allyse Freeman, Museum Curator at the Minnesota Discovery Center Becca Reiss, Community Conservationist at North St. Louis Soil & Water Conservation District Prizes: At the end of this presentation we will spin a virtual wheel and giveaway prizes to attendees. This event will start at 6pm and last approximately 1 hour. Guest Speaker Bio: Natalya Walker is the Aquatic Invasive Species Program Coordinator for North St. Louis Soil & Water Conservation District. She has Bachelor's Degrees from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Environmental Studies, and Zoology and has been working in natural resource conservation for the past 6 years. She started her work in prairie restoration in southern Wisconsin, moved to Duluth while leading a crew with Conservation CorpsMinnesota, then found herself in highland deserts and riparian areas while managing a Youth Conservation Corps in southern Utah. The lack of water beckoned her return to the north. With a hop-skip-and-jump, she landed on the Iron Range where she works to protect aquatic ecosystems from invasive species.


Advik is an Indian social entrepreneur, who owns a company that builds solar-powered portable water purification equipment for the developing world.
Read Advik's Story Below
Advik's starting point for working with intention
His starting point for working with intention was his desire to make clean water accessible for all in India.
step 1: Initiate intention
Advik said he knew exactly what his core intentions were. He told me, with some pride, and a broad smile, that his intention was to make clean water accessible for everyone in India. His wholehearted belief that this was possible and that he was the man to do it seemed to be unshakable.
Advik started to manifest his intention with a firm belief that his role in life and reason for existing was to make clean water accessible for everyone in India.
This changed, as you will see when he applied step 2 of the IDEA framework.
step 2: Distil, test and refine
When Advik applied step 1 of the IDEA framework he identified an intention to make clean water accessible for everyone in India. When a business colleague asked him "why"? he began the process of refining his intention. Initially, he responded rapidly, with energy and conviction, saying that:
 - That nearly ¾ of all diseases caused in India are due to water contaminants.
 - One in eight Indians still lacks access to clean drinking water.
When his colleague asked again "so why do YOU want to make clean water accessible to all"? he paused for a moment, then replied: "To improve the quality of life of poor people".
 - Advik realised that his core intention was to improve the quality of life of all poor people living in developing countries. Not just give poor Indians clean water.
 - His nested intention was to make clean water accessible to all.
 - He later spent some time on goals, including making clean drinking water accessible for all Indians. He hoped that his goals would help him direct his business towards the achievement of his nested intention, which in turn would contribute towards his core intention.
Advik's starting point was a nested intention which he believed to be his core Intention. He later identified that his heartfelt core intention was broader still – to improve the quality of life of poor people living in all developing countries. The act of surfacing his core Intention galvanised his conscious and subconscious brain to notice opportunities arising that would, in slower time, help him to achieve both his core and nested inten
Step 3: Embody and embed
Advik's nested intent of providing clean, safe drinking water was a good starting point that should help him to move towards the achievement of his wider core intention of improving the quality of life of many people living in the developing world.
Advik had a clear vision in his head about how he could help Indians on a low income to access clean drinking water. Advik had little sense of how improving the life quality of life for a wide range of people in the developing world would look and feel. Advik had been taught mindfulness at school and found it beneficial to sit down for ten or fifteen minutes a day to practice.
In order to embed his intention, Advik needed to have a greater sense of what 'improving the quality of life' looked and felt like. He felt it would be useful to spend some time creating a vision of this. Advik sat down to practice a ten-minute body scan mindfulness exercise to help him become more connected with his thoughts, emotions and bodily responses. After ten minutes of mindfulness practice, he started a visualisation process.
 - He started by imagining a book with "Improving the quality of life in developing countries" on the cover.
 - On the next page, he saw maps, highlighting the geographical location of developing countries.
 - As he turned the pages of the book he saw distressing pictures of babies and old people suffering from malnutrition and dehydration. He saw pictures of hard work and failed food crops. He saw war zones with bomb damaged homes, their contents were strewn on the floor. Mindfulness helped him to tune into the emotions that arose for him - sadness, anger and fear. It also helped him to notice how his body tensed as he witnessed the difficult scenes and emotions that arose.
 - After some time feeling routed to the spot amongst the chaotic scenes he witnessed in the book contained in his mind, he bravely, with some effort, turned the pages of the book once more.
 - This time he saw an orderly group of people queuing for water. He witnessed them filling containers with water, and walking it back to their family who drank, cooked and washed in it.
 - Continuing to turn the pages, he saw affordable low tech equipment irrigating the dry soil, and lush crops growing.
 - He saw the crops providing food for local families and revenue from surplus vegetables and fruit being sold at the local market.
 - He saw money changing hands at the market as the produce seller bought chickens and later goats.
 - Turning the pages at a pace he saw chickens breeding more chickens, goats breeding goats.
 - He witnessed those with resources sharing produce, expertise and animals with those who had little.
 - He saw a school building with desks and a teacher teaching adults in the evenings.
 - He saw adults leaving the classroom and applying new knowledge to farming and crafts.
 - He saw a young man person learning to use the internet and finding new affluent markets for locally produced crafts and artworks. He mindfully tuned into his body to notice a sense of excitement, and a sense of warmth all over his body.
 - As Advik closed his book he had a strong sense of wanting to make this happen, coupled with a strong sense that he was the man to do it.
At this stage, he hadn't got a clue exactly how he was going to travel from a deep sincere desire to all this happening.
What the exercise had helped him to do was to tune into a sense of what it looked and felt like. This helped his conscious and subconscious brain to embed his intention and remain vigilant to any and all opportunities to help him achieve his intention, one step at a time. Immediately after the exercise, Advik decided to do two things:
 1. To undertake desk research to identify the main challenges facing the developing world today.
 2. To search for case studies of those living in remote communities had broken out of reliance on farming alone for revenue and used new technology to build a brighter sustainable future.
Advik was on his way to achieving his intention.
Advik's desk research revealed that according to Unicef data 1,300 young children die each day from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation. 480,000 children a year. Advik knew that in recent years the Indian government has invested in establishing better drinking water supplies and household sanitation, new latrines, so this figure puzzled him.
Further research revealed that the new latrines often remain unused and water systems frequently broke down due to lack of ownership, maintenance, and primarily, a lack of understanding about the need for hygiene and sanitation, and cultural beliefs which prevent these practices. Advik discovered that in rural areas, new facilities often fell into disrepair as there were no resources for maintenance.
At this moment many people would have started to make detailed plans and set goals. Advik avoided this temptation as he knew that narrow goals could inhibit creativity and restrict progress on his journey towards the achievement of his intention. He chose to remain focused on the 'what' (his core intention) in the certain knowledge that this would create the necessary momentum that would help the 'how' to emerge in time.
step 4: Take Action and grab opportunities
Advik's starting point of an intention to make clean drinking water for everyone in India had been distilled and refined to a wider desire to improve the quality of life of all poor people living in developing countries. During the embedding stage, Advik discovered not only the need for access to clean drinking water but the need for education to aid understanding about the need for hygiene and sanitation and engender a sense of ownership for the maintenance of newly installed sanitation.
Advik arranged a forum that bought together government representatives, charities and local community representatives to identify and agree on actions. He could see his intention starting to take form. All seemed to be running smoothly until the last day of his forum when strong cultural disagreements between community leaders and government representatives derailed progress.
The forum that had started so positively ended in disarray with sharp divides. Advik couldn't understand why his intention, that had powerfully driven him forward these last few months now appeared to be failing.
At the 'Action' stage of the IDEA framework its common for obstacles and difficulties to arise, which, whilst part of the process, can feel disconcerting. Action to create forward momentum is necessary, but often in our impatience to achieve our intent we take the wrong turn. This was the case for Advik.
His experience in hosting the forum helped him to understand the complexity of local politics and cultural beliefs that hindered progress. Advik realised that national action was problematic, and local action was needed as a starting point to gaining wider change.
Starting with three villages, he and his team worked closely with small charities and local communities to refurbish existing pumps in the village.
He trained Water User Committees to maintain new water supplies and sanitation.
He supplied water purification equipment and water tanks.
From this starting point


text:
Poison Sumac (Toxicodendron vernix or Rhus vernix) is a woody shrub growing to 3 m tall.
All parts of the plant contain a toxic resin called urushiol that causes skin and mucous membrane irritation to humans.
For more information about the topic Poison Sumac, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles:
Editor's Note: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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BS 10012 - The standard for a personal information management system (PIMS)
What is BS 10012?
BS 10012 is a British standard that outlines the specifications for a PIMS. The framework has been developed to help organisations comply with the data protection requirements imposed by laws such as the EU's GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).
Buy your copy of BS 10012 today
What are the benefits of a PIMS?
A PIMS supported by BS 10012 upholds the principles of the GDPR and offers reassurance to stakeholders that personal data is managed in line with best practice.
 1. Demonstrate compliance with the GDPR and other data protection laws.
 2. Improve structure and focus of data privacy management.
 3. Embed personal data management in your organisation's culture.
 4. Take a risk-based approach to data privacy management.
 5. Encourage continual improvement to adapt to changes inside and outside the organisation.
 6. Integrate with other leading standards for total GDPR compliance such as ISO 27001.
How to implement a PIMS
Implementing a management system requires a structured approach and involves the entire organisation.
Here are the key steps to meet the requirements of BS 10012
 1. Identify the requirements of stakeholders of the PIMS.
 2. Scope the PIMS to ensure all relevant areas are covered.
 3. Establish a project team and project leader.
 4. Involve top leadership and obtain their support.
 5. Develop PIMS objectives and draw up a PIMS policy.
 6. Build the necessary competence to implement and manage the PIMS.
 7. Undertake data inventory and data flow mapping exercises.
 8. Set up a process for establishing the legal basis for processing PII (personally identifiable information).
 9. Create PIAs (privacy impact assessments) and risk management structures.
 1. Establish a programme to incorporate privacy by design.
 2. Undertake staff awareness programmes.
 3. Develop the necessary PIMS policies and procedures, including processes for consent, subject access requests and data breaches.
 4. Introduce a process for sharing, storing, disposing and transferring data.
 5. Establish a continually improvement programme.
 6. Undertake an internal audit.
 7. Apply for certification (voluntary).
Certification to BS 10012
Organisations can use BS 10012 simply as a framework for good practice. Article 42 of the GDPR, however, encourages the use of independent certification schemes to demonstrate compliance. A PIMS certified to BS 10012 delivers an independent assessment of the organisation's personal data management practices and enables organisations to prove that they have taken necessary and reasonable measures to comply with the GDPR. Whilst BS 10012 is not a complete model for GDPR compliance this PIMS will help to protect your organisation from personal data breaches and prove your credentials to partners, clients and your employees.
Achieve full GDPR compliance with BS 10012 and ISO 27001
Certifying to the international information security management standard (ISO 27001) in conjunction with BS 10012 enables organisations to not only demonstrate compliance with the privacy elements of the GDPR (and similar laws), but also the information security requirements (referred to as the technical and organisational measures required by Article 32).
BS 10012 has been developed in line with international management system standards such as ISO 27001 to eliminate duplication of standard practices.
If you're looking for guidance or support, we're here to help.
Discover how BS 10012 can help you demonstrate GDPR compliance
Download our free green paper for an introduction to BS 10012 and learn how implementing a PIMS can benefit your organisation.
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With our consultants' support, you will be able to save hours of unnecessary trial and error, and feel reassured that a global, experienced team is helping you achieve compliance.
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Our BS 10012 training courses will teach how to improve your organisation's data privacy management and demonstrate its compliance with the GDPR.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am new to Python scripting in ArcGIS but not new to ModelBuilder.
I would like to know the benefits of Python vs ModelBuilder.
When should we write Python script for GIS automation rather than use ModelBuilder?
What are the automation capabilities of Python that we cannot find in ModelBuilder?
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 55 down vote accepted
I believe that the user should clearly define their objectives before deciding which set of tools to use. ModelBuilder and Python scripting excel at different tasks. A few thoughts:
 1. ModelBuilder has no mapping capabilities, whereas arcpy.mapping does.
 2. Python can be used to optimize workflows, such as with the multiprocessing package or with parallel processing.
 3. Python allows for nested loops and other handy iterative logic tools. To accomplish a similar result in ModelBuilder, you would have to construct intricate, and complicated, nested models.
 4. Simple text manipulation is very easy with Python and either very difficult or not possible with ModelBuilder.
 e.g. to rename a list of file names from, for example "m_2010_naip_2310345_nw.img" to "2310345nw.img" can easily be accomplished with Python using the os.path module.
On the other hand:
 1. ModelBuilder is very useful for quickly putting together common tools and eliminating the need for debugging scripts.
 2. ModelBuilder has a very useful recursive iterator that is easy to implement in order to loop through folders and subfolders.
 3. ModelBuilder excels at visually and intuitively depicting the workflow for complicated tasks.
 4. ModelBuilder can incorporate Python script tools.
share|improve this answer
Described differences between Python and Model Builder in ArcGIS clearly. Thanks – wetland Apr 7 '13 at 17:34
I would add also: 1. you can run your Python script outside ArcMap 2. You can use ArcObjects in Python, 3. There may be some speed differences. – Tomek Apr 7 '13 at 19:19
+1 NESTED LOOPS & arcpy.mapping! I like the ability to make calculations within a script and add them to attribute tables or better yet to the map layout (area of each wetland type for example). – Roy Apr 9 '13 at 19:43
I read python scripting for ArcGIS book. I also add some more capabilities : 1- script cursors let you loop through records in a table, reading the existing rows and inserting new rows. 2- scripting can be used to wrap other softwarethat is, to glue together application. for example python can be used to access functions in Microsoft Excel or in the statistical Package R. 3-A script can be run as a stand-alone script on disk outside of ArcGIS.you do not need to run ArcMap or ArcCatalog for script to work. (Python Scripting for ArcGIS, Chapter 2, Page 39) – wetland Apr 13 '13 at 15:02
show 1 more comment
If you are working solely within the confines of ArcGIS, there are a few considerations I would consider when attempting to determine the approach to take.
 - What are you trying to accomplish,
 - What are your current skill sets,
 - Will you be sharing your work with others to use, learn from, or manipulate, and
 - Who is your intended audience.
Given those considerations:
 1. It is often quicker and easier to build a process in ModelBuilder than in Python, unless part of your process cannot be replicated in ModelBuilder.
 2. If you don't know Python & have not intention to learn it, ModelBuilder is a great option.
 3. If you don't know Python & want to learn to incorporate it into your skill set, ModelBuilder is a great way to start by creating simple models, then exporting them to Python so you have the skeleton of your final process pre-built for you. This method does come at a cost, as there is a lot of extraneous information & variables that usually get created during the conversion process, but it is still a great way to start learning.
 4. If you are building tools for personal use, using whichever method you feel most comfortable with is usually the route to go. I personally use both, depending on my needs.
 5. If you are planning to share your analysis with others, and want to share your model/script with others are part of your process documentation, a model is generally much easier to follow and understand for non-technical people.
There probably is no answer to "which is better" for personal use, but if you are looking long-term at employment possibilities, by learning Python you will set yourself apart from those who only know how to use the pre-programmed tools, or just know how to use ModelBuilder. You also give yourself the ability to go outside the confines of Python for ArcGIS (ArcPy), and start automating far more tasks and projects by using other proprietary and open-source GIS libraries, as well as many non-GIS libraries (iedatabase, image manipulation, statistics, etc).
share|improve this answer
great. I'll use your Python programming experiences. – wetland Apr 8 '13 at 5:23
add comment
Model Builder is a great and easy to learn visual programming language and a good entrance to GIS-programming in general. But in some things python can do more.
One example is the integration of non-ESRI GIS libraries. Nearly all of the Open Source GIS can be adressed via python as well (e.g. GRASS, Sextante, QGIS, SAGA). This helped me a lot, because I only have an ArcView license. So every time I cannot use a certain geoprocessing tool in ArcGIS, I look what other options are available in Open Source GIS. I then take these OpenSource-tools and combine them with ArcGIS tools either in a bigger python script or integrate them in ModelBuilder via a smaller python script.
I'm sure other members can name more advantages.
share|improve this answer
Thanks but i only use ArcGIS Desktop (ArcInfo) – wetland Apr 7 '13 at 17:25
add comment
When using Python and ArcGIS, you get the entire functionality of Python in addition to what you already had in ArcGIS. If you need this kind of power and flexibility depends on your wishes. In addition, getting to know and really leverage a programming language such as Python takes time. If this investment is worth it for you is up to you. However, for serious data processing a real scripting language is a very good addition in your arsenal.
Apart form any functionality that the ModelBuilder might miss, there is also a more fundamental discussion. In general, scripts are much more suitable to create complex workflows. The code is processed from top to bottom, and complex tasks can be subdivided into smaller sub tasks using e.g. functions. or objects. A graphical tool such as the model builder tends to become a big spaghetti.
share|improve this answer
add comment
I'm partial to creating Python scripts. It's more fun to write code than to mess around with connecting lines to boxes and such, for me at least.
What's really great about Python scripting is you can schedule your scripts to run at a time that is convenient for you. If you have a script that takes a while to complete, or needs to be run outside of regular business hours, this is really convenient. You can see an example of how to schedule a script here.
And as _USER_ mentions, you can easily set up looping in a Python script.
If you're just setting out with Python scripting, you might want to create a model with Model Builder and export it as a Python script. I do this sometimes if I'm having trouble understanding how to use several tools in a script. It could help you get a sense for how to put scripts together.
share|improve this answer
your answer was very interesting for me.Thanks – wetland Apr 7 '13 at 18:35
add comment
I have found that I seem to get stuck with no solution more with model builder than with python scripting. The somewhat 'black box' nature of model builder to me makes it harder to find where the problem is located.
I have also found that I can find a lot more help on python. I tend to find lots of dead end threads and topics about model builder. There area also fewer example to go by, where as with python, you probably can find small snipets of most parts of any script you are writing.
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Your Answer


text:
Unblocked Games Techniques: Accessing Your Favorite Games with Advanced Methods
Are you tired of being restricted from playing your favorite games due to blocking measures? Look no further! In this article, we'll explore the most effective advanced methods to unblock games, enabling you to enjoy uninterrupted gaming sessions. Get ready to dive into the latest advancements in unblocking games and discover useful tools, tutorials, and troubleshooting tips along the way.
1. What are the most effective advanced methods to unblock games?
When it comes to unblocking games, advanced techniques can be a game-changer. From virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers to DNS manipulation and game-specific workarounds, numerous methods exist. These advanced techniques leverage cutting-edge technologies to bypass restrictions and grant you access to blocked games.
2. How can I access blocked games using advanced techniques?
Accessing blocked games with advanced techniques is easier than you might think. By employing VPNs, you can mask your IP address and connect to servers in different locations, effectively bypassing regional restrictions. Proxy servers act as intermediaries, allowing you to access blocked game servers through their network. Additionally, manipulating DNS settings or using game-specific workarounds can provide alternative routes to access your favorite games.
3. Are there any tutorials or guides for advanced game-unblocking methods?
Certainly! If you're new to advanced game unblocking methods or want to enhance your existing knowledge, tutorials, and guides can be invaluable. Reputable online platforms and communities offer comprehensive step-by-step tutorials, detailed guides, and video demonstrations, helping you navigate through the unblocking process smoothly. These resources are created by experts who are well-versed in the topic and provide accurate and authoritative information.
4. What are the latest advancements in unblocking games?
The world of unblocking games is constantly evolving, with new advancements emerging regularly. Stay up to date with the latest techniques and tools that enable game unblocking. From advanced VPN protocols and improved proxy server technologies to innovative DNS manipulation techniques and game-specific bypass methods, the possibilities are expanding, ensuring you stay one step ahead of game-blocking restrictions.
5. Are there any tools or software for advanced game unblocking?
Absolutely! To simplify the game-unblocking process, various tools and software have been developed. These powerful applications are designed specifically to enhance your gaming experience by providing seamless access to blocked games. From feature-rich VPN clients and optimized proxy software to intuitive DNS manipulation tools and game-specific unblocking software, these resources empower you to enjoy your favorite games without limitations.
6. Can I unblock games on different platforms using advanced methods?
Whether you're a PC gamer, console enthusiast, or mobile gamer, advanced game-unblocking methods cater to a wide range of platforms. Regardless of the device or platform you use, you can employ advanced techniques to bypass game-blocking measures. From Windows and macOS to PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo Switch, iOS, and Android, you can enjoy unblocked gaming on your preferred platform.
7. What are the risks or potential consequences of using advanced game unblocking methods?
While advanced game unblocking methods can provide you with access to blocked games, it's important to be aware of potential risks and consequences. Depending on your location and the specific measures employed by game developers or network administrators, there may be legal and ethical implications associated with bypassing game-blocking measures. Therefore, it's essential to research and understands the legal considerations and potential consequences before utilizing advanced unblocking techniques.
8. Are there any legal considerations when using advanced techniques to unblock games?
When it comes to using advanced techniques to unblock games, legal considerations vary across different jurisdictions. It's crucial to adhere to the laws and regulations of your country or region regarding online activities, including game
unblocking. Engaging in unauthorized access or circumventing digital rights management (DRM) protections may lead to legal consequences. Always consult legal experts or seek official guidelines to ensure compliance with the law.
9. How can I troubleshoot common issues while using advanced game-unblocking methods?
Despite the effectiveness of advanced game-unblocking methods, occasionally technical issues may arise. Luckily, troubleshooting common problems can help you overcome these obstacles. Online communities, forums, and support channels dedicated to game unblocking can provide valuable insights and assistance. Experienced members of these communities often share troubleshooting tips and solutions, ensuring a smooth gaming experience.
10. Are there any communities or forums where I can discuss advanced game unblocking techniques?
Absolutely! Joining communities and forums focused on game unblocking is a great way to connect with like-minded individuals and share experiences. These platforms provide a space to discuss advanced game-unblocking techniques, exchange knowledge, seek guidance, and receive updates on the latest advancements. Engaging in these communities can foster a sense of camaraderie and expand your understanding of game unblocking.
Unlock the Potential of Unblocked Gaming
By harnessing the power of advanced methods, you can overcome game-blocking restrictions and indulge in uninterrupted gaming sessions. Explore the latest advancements, leverage tools, and software, and educate yourself through tutorials and guides created by experts. However, remember to stay informed about legal considerations and troubleshoot any technical issues that may arise. Join vibrant communities and forums to connect with fellow gamers and enthusiasts who share your passion for unblocked gaming. Unleash the full potential of your gaming experience today!


Boogieboard vs. Paipo
What's the difference between a paipo and a boogieboard?
We get quite a few questions asking how our Paipos compare with the modern day boogie boards. Truth be told, there isn't much comparison. But if that were all to the story, then there wouldn't be much reason to keep writing! While paipos and boogie boards both share a common ancestor, they differ drastically in construction methods, maneuverability, and actual use. Hopefully this article will answer your questions and help you transition from your sponge to a rigid paipo.
Paul showing off the thickness of the solid fiberglass construction.
HPD Paipos don't float like boogieboards
Unlike foam-core bodyboards and boogie boards, HPD Paipos are rigid in construction. Made from solid fiberglass, HPD Paipos do not retain any air within the fiberglass material. Instead, we rely on the relative density of our boards to allow our paipos to rise to the top of the water column when released under water. This is a primary principle of HPD Paipos that makes our boards super durable.
Paipos use hydrodynamic properties to push the board to the surface and stay "afloat" while under speed. Much like an airplane uses air to stay flying, an HPD Paipo is curved in such a way to force water underneath the board, pushing the board upward. When water is no longer flowing over the board (like after a wipeout), the board is no longer able so surf, so it will stop not far away from the wipeout, and slowly rise to the surface. This is why many old timers never went out with leashes, as their boards usually weren't far away.
On the other hand, boogie boards rely on encapsulated foam to retain air within the structure. This of course makes paddling very easy, and launching on waves a no-brainer, but it is very difficult to duck-dive under sets. And forget about riding one without a leash.
Paipo XL bottom turn at Pipeline.
HPD Paipos are durable
Thanks to their solid fiberglass construction, HPD Paipos last pretty much forever. Back in the 90's Paul would drive his truck over the boards in the parking lot, and take videos slamming the boards into a coconut tree. We'll try and dig these up and post them, but be warned they are definitely cringe-worthy!
HPD Paipos are FAST!
Like we mentioned before, HPD's rigid fiberglass construction allows our Paipos to maintain shape under high-speed and stress. Foam boogieboards "squish" down when under stress, or under a heavy rider. This can deform the boogieboard and slows it way down in the water.
A Swimaster Duck Feet ad thought to be from the 1970s, showing the Voit/Swimaster UDT Duck Feet fins that were popular among paipo riders.
Wear Fins!
You might not need fins with a boogieboard on the small stuff, but everybody knows having powerful fins is a must when bodyboarding on large wave. Good fins provide thrust to help catch surf, and make swimming in strong current possible. Without fins, it will be an exhausting and frustrating day.
We used to use the UDT Duck Feet fins back in the day, and I still own a pair today. They are stiffer than normal fins, and really long to provide lots of thrust. Just google VOIT UDT Duck Feet and you'll be able to find them for a decent price online.
Taking Off
Catching a wave on a paipo is not the same as a boogieboard. Since flotation is minimal, the secret to catching waves on a Paipo is to push the board out infront of you, and make yourself as long as possible.
This is where nice, powerful fins come in handy. When the board is way out in front of you, start kicking and build up speed.
Once you feel the wave start to pick you up, pull the board in towards your chest and you will feel the speed pick up. This is very counter-intuitive coming from a boogieboard background, where flotation assists in catching waves. Getting the hang of this process might take a few tries, but once you figure it out, it becomes second nature, and catching waves gets easy.
Still Have Questions?
We love talking to our riders and helping them get used to our bodyboards. If you have any questions, just give us a call. We're here to help!
2 thoughts on "Boogieboard vs. Paipo"
 1. I bodyboard, make my own the past 10 years. I have made several boards, usually a foam core, shaped like a surfboard, 4 ft long with a 4 inch rocker in front and usually quad fins. Some I've fiberglassed like a surfboard and some I've made like a soft top surfboard. Can't use fins anymore, see below, is why the longboard for better float, speed paddling, etc.
 I basically use what you suggest is a paipo technique while surfing. In big waves and in air drops I also push the board way out ahead. The technique eliminates what surfers call "perling", or digging the nose in and wiping out. Once i've reached the bottom, I pull the board in and start the bottom turn. It's only a technique necessary when dropping straight down the wave. Not necessary in small or when I'm already in the wave moving parallel to it.
 The most dangerous board I surfed was a solid, balsa wood bodyboard a friend made for me in Ecuador. In my ignorance I used a leash and tore up both rotator cuffs when the leash was in front like a bodyboard, and destroyed both knees when I switched the leash to my ankle like a surfboard. I now have replacement knees. I'm 76 and usually surf everyday. Cheers, mate.
 Love the article. Was my first time on your site.
 1. Aloha Jimmy! That's why I've never had a Paipo with a leash. I've borrowed a few boogie boards over the years tho and I cannot stand being leashed on to something that floats so much. Sounds like you were really charging the big waves though! Mahalos for the stories. Be safe and stay salty!
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element is equal to the minimum
 :k # return the key rather than the value
 ]++; # increment it ( auto vivifies if it doesn't exist )
 $_ # return the modified array
Mathematica, 56 bytes
±{b:a_..}:={b,1};±a_:=a/.{p___,b:Min@a,q___}:>{p,b+1,q}
Uses named function ±. Uses ISO8859-1 encoding
Alternative solutions (58 bytes)
±{b:a_..}:={b,1};±{p___,b_,q___}/;b<=p~Min~q:={p,b+1,q}
(* _USER_ and I both independently came up with this above solution *)
±{b:a_..}:={b,1};±a:{p___,b_,q___}/;b==Min@a:={p,b+1,q}
±{1, 1}
{1, 1, 1}
±{3, 4, 5}
{4, 4, 5}
Haskell, 71 70 62 bytes
_USER_ saved 8 bytes, thanks!
When I started I hoped for some elegant tying-the-knot trickery, but _USER_'s way is just as amazing.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Some restructuring, 62 bytes: f(a:b)|(x,y:z)<-span=<<(<).minimum$a:b++[0|all(a==)b]=x++y+1:z \$\endgroup\$ – Zgarb Nov 29 '16 at 8:12
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ Just wow! \$\endgroup\$ – Christian Sievers Nov 29 '16 at 10:20
 - \$\begingroup\$ Ugh, my brain fails to infer the type for the monad instance of functions \$\endgroup\$ – Angs Nov 29 '16 at 18:45
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ The Monad is (->)r, which applied to a type is (->)r a = r->a. Then from the types return:: a->r->a and (>>=)::(r->a)->(a->r->b)->(r->b) their implementation is (dare I say it?) obvious: return=const and m>>=f = \r->f(m r)r. The latter is exactly what is needed to express something like span(predicate_depending_on l)l while mentioning l only once. Now I only need to remember it when I need it. \$\endgroup\$ – Christian Sievers Nov 29 '16 at 19:14
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ You can find this trick, and many more, in our Haskell golf tips collection. \$\endgroup\$ – Zgarb Nov 29 '16 at 21:21
C#, 123 121 120 79 77 bytes
using System.Linq;l=>{if(l.All(o=>o==l[0]))l.Add(0);l[l.IndexOf(l.Min())]++;}
Modifies the argument passed to the function.
Thanks to Cyoce for saving 3 bytes! ->!Any to All, +=1 to ++.
Thanks to TheLethalCoder for saving a whopping 43 bytes! -> Removed method signature code. Removed parenthesis around the parameter list.
 - \$\begingroup\$ could you replace!l.Any(o=>o!=l[0])) with l.All(o=>o==l[0])? \$\endgroup\$ – Cyoce Nov 28 '16 at 20:33
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ It indeed does. I thought of the same thing, but wrote Any instead of All and was in the thought, that it doesn't work :D Thanks! \$\endgroup\$ – Yytsi Nov 28 '16 at 20:43
 - 2
 \$\begingroup\$ Does C# not have ++? \$\endgroup\$ – Cyoce Nov 28 '16 at 22:39
 - \$\begingroup\$ You can compile to a Action> to remove all of the method signature code \$\endgroup\$ – TheLethalCoder Nov 30 '16 at 9:26
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ Hmm. I've also seen many people drop the necessary usings with C#, so I don't trust that it's legal to drop using System.Linq off. Unless I see an explicit statement that says this isn't necessary, I'll stay with this. Thanks for the suggestion though! :) \$\endgroup\$ – Yytsi Dec 1 '16 at 16:23
R, 72 66 65 bytes
Try it online!
Increment is done using which.min which returns the first match. "[<-" allows to replace the value and returns the modified vector in one function call.
-7 bytes thanks to Giuseppe!
 - \$\begingroup\$ _URL_ \$\endgroup\$ – Giuseppe Jun 6 '18 at 1:42
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ I tried isTRUE and isFALSE with sd it isn't golfier :( \$\endgroup\$ – JayCe Jun 6 '18 at 2:16
 - \$\begingroup\$ heh, 65 bytes replacing!= with -! \$\endgroup\$ – Giuseppe Jun 6 '18 at 10:12
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ of course! \$\endgroup\$ – JayCe Jun 6 '18 at 20:26
Jelly, 9 bytes
Thanks to Dennis for the -2 bytes.
Body must be at least 30 characters; you entered....
 - \$\begingroup\$ If you have extra characters to enter in the body, it's always worth explaining the code, which helps everyone to understand it and makes the answer more interesting :) \$\endgroup\$ – Alfie Goodacre Nov 30 '16 at 14:27
Mathematica, 53 bytes 57 bytes 59 bytes
 - 7
 \$\begingroup\$ That's 57 bytes. and are a 3-byte characters. Also, your code does not work because {##,1} part implies that the input is separate integers (i.e. f[1, 2, 3]) but the x=# part implies that the input is a List (i.e. f[{1, 2, 3}]). A quick fix would be to change x=# to x={#} and accept raw integers as input, making your code 59 bytes long. \$\endgroup\$ – JungHwan Min Nov 29 '16 at 0:35
 - \$\begingroup\$ Good catch! I didn't realize the distinction between bytes and character count, I just saw this suggestion and figured it was valid. It seems there are a lot of answers that give the character count but if I save them in Notepad++ I get a higher byte count (for example the Jelly answer). I see your answer specifies an encoding, is there somewhere you'd recommend for me to learn about this? \$\endgroup\$ – ngenisis Nov 29 '16 at 20:03
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ I think you mean Equal@#, although #==## is shorter. \$\endgroup\$ – Martin Ender Nov 30 '16 at 9:39
 - \$\begingroup\$ You're right. I made a change per _USER_ to accept multiple arguments rather than a list but didn't propagate the change everywhere. I've gone back to accepting a list since that is more in line with the prompt. \$\endgroup\$ – ngenisis Nov 30 '16 at 19:04
Java 8, 85 + 38 = 123 bytes
Void lambda taking a List (output is mutated input). Byte count includes lambda and required import.
import static java.util.Collections.*;
l->{if(min(l)==max(l))l.add(0);int i=0,n;while((n=l.get(i))>min(l))i++;l.set(i,n+1);}
Try It Online
This almost looks like Python with those method imports...
Vyxal aW, 21 18 bytes
-3 bytes by using the register instead of variables.
Try it Online With Equal Elements!
Try it Online With Unequal Elements!
 # Implicit input; a flag takes input as list
: # Duplicate input
 ≈[1J # If all elements are equal: append 1
 |:g£ # Else: save minimum value to the register
 ( # For every element in the input:
 n # Duplicate current element n
 n¥=[ # If current element n == register value:
 ›0£ # Increment current element and clear the register
 # Implicit output; W flag outputs full stack
 - \$\begingroup\$ Try it Online! in 10 bytes. I came up with my answer independently, but they are very similar. For the case of unequal numbers, finds the index and increment of the min, and then


text:
When describing storability of a potato we often use the term dormancy. A dormancy value or duration gives insight into how long the potato will store before it initiates sprout development.For process and fresh market potatoes, detrimental quality concerns develop once sprouting begins, such as changes in carbohydrate status, increase in respiration rate, additional weight loss and storage management issues such as impeded airflow. Seed growers may need to accelerate or retard sprout development depending upon the time of year and intended seed market.
The biological advantage for a dormancy period in a plant is survival of the species. The inherent dormancy of potatoes allow for most varieties to over-winter, barring any freezing conditions, and re-sprout in the spring, thereby reproducing and perpetuating the species. Tuber dormancy keeps the potatoes from sprouting in the fall, therefore, reducing chances of the species being killed by unfavorable winter conditions. There are three classes or types of dormancy that can be described in potatoes.
1) "Endodormancy" occurs after harvest and is due to the internal or physiological status of the tuber. Even if tubers are placed in conditions favorable for sprout development, sprouting will not occur.
2) "Ecodormancy" is when sprouting is prevented or delayed by environmental conditions, such as when potatoes stored at lower temperatures having a longer dormancy period compared to potatoes stored at warmer temperatures. Table 1 illustrates where differences in days to dormancy break are observed within a variety as storage temperature is lowered.
3) "Paradormancy" is comparable to endodormancy although the physiological signal for dormancy originates in a different area of the plant than where the dormancy occurs. An example of this is apical dominance of a tuber-the apical meristem or dominant bud/eye impedes development of secondary bud or sprout development. Some varieties have stronger paradormancy than others. The growing season or pre-harvest conditions can also affect dormancy length along with post-harvest conditions such as temperature and light.
Initiation of dormancy break actually begins before there is visible sprout development. Researchers continue to examine the physiological processes associated with dormancy and subsequent sprout development. It is believed that the five major plant hormones are involved in the process. Abscisic acid and ethylene are involved in the induction of dormancy, cytokinins are involved in dormancy break, and gibberellins and auxins are involved in sprout development.
Ideally it is best to apply chlorpropham (CIPC) prior to bud activity for greatest sprout suppression. Table 1 shows a three-year average dormancy length of several russet type varieties. Our definition of dormancy break is when 80 percent of potatoes have at least one sprout greater than or equal to 5 mm in length. Typically peeping of the buds occurs two to four weeks prior to this defined loss of dormancy. Therefore, depending upon storage temperature, some varieties may need a CIPC application soon after the curing period has ended to maximize sprout suppression potential. Other sprout suppression products, such as clove oil, are best applied when bud activity is visible.


Data Binding in Android
The Data Binding Library is an Android Jetpack library that allows you to bind UI components in your XML layouts to data sources in your app using a declarative format rather than programmatically, reducing boilerplate code.
This codelab has been designed for those with some Android development experience.
What you'll do
In this codelab, you'll convert this app to Data Binding:
Contains a static data binding part showing a name (Ada) and a last name (Lovelace) and an observable data binding part with a custom binding method, a text binding adapter and a custom progressTint Binding Adapter.
The app has a single screen that shows some static data and some observable data, meaning that when the data changes, the UI will be automatically updated.
The data is provided by a ViewModel. Model-View-ViewModel is a presentation layer pattern that works very well with Data Binding. Here's a diagram:
Android communicates back and forth with the View. The View observes the ViewModel and sends user actions to it.\n\nOutside of the presentation layer there are other layers represented by interactors or a repository.
If you're not yet familiar with the ViewModel class from the Architecture Components libraries, you can check out the official documentation. In summary, it's a class that provides UI state to the view (Activity, Fragment, etc.). It survives orientation changes and acts as an interface to the rest of the layers in your app.
What you'll need
 - Android Studio 3.4 or greater
$ git clone
Alternatively you can download the repository as a zip file:
 1. Download Zip
 2. Unzip the code
 3. Open the project in Android Studio version 3.4 or newer
Once the project is open, click in the toolbar to run the app.
Once the build is complete and the app is deployed to your device or emulator, the default activity opens and looks like this:
This screen shows some data and lets the user click on a button to increment a counter and update a progress bar. It uses SimpleViewModel. Open it and take a look.
The SimpleViewModel class exposes:
 - First and last name
 - Number of likes
 - A value describing level of popularity
SimpleViewModel also lets the user increment the number of likes with the onLike() method.
While it doesn't have the most interesting functionality, SimpleViewModel is sufficient for this exercise. On the other hand, the UI implementation found in the PlainOldActivity class has a number of problems:
 - It calls findViewById() multiple times. Not only is this slow, it's not safe because it's not checked at compile time. If the ID you pass to findViewById() is wrong, the app will crash at run time.
 - It sets initial values in onCreate(). It'd be much better to have good defaults that are set automatically
 - It uses the android:onClick attribute in the Button element of the XML layout declaration, which is not safe either: If the onLike() method is not implemented in your activity (or is renamed), the app will crash at run time.
 - It has a lot of code. Activities and fragments tend to grow very quickly, so it's a good idea to move as much code as possible out of them. Also, code in activities and fragments is hard to test and maintain.
With the Data Binding Library you can fix all of these problems by moving logic out of the activity into places where it's reusable and easier to test.
This project already has Data Binding enabled, but when you want to use it in your own projects the first step is to enable the library in the modules that will use it:
android {
 dataBinding {
 enabled true
Now convert the layout to a Data Binding layout.
Open plain_activity.xml. It is a regular layout with a ConstraintLayout as the root element.
In order to convert the layout to Data Binding, you need to wrap the root element in a tag. You'll also have to move the namespace definitions (the attributes that start with xmlns:) to the new root element.
Android Studio offers a handy way to do this automatically: Right-click the root element, select Show Context Actions, then Convert to data binding layout:
Your layout should now look like this:
 tag will contain layout variables.
Layout variables are used to write layout expressions. Layout expressions are placed in the value of element attributes and they use the @{expression} format. Here are some examples:
// Some examples of complex layout expressions
android:text="@{String.valueOf(index + 1)}"
android:transitionName='@{"image_" + id}'
By using layout expressions to bind components in the layout file, you can:
 - Improve your app's performance
 - Help prevent memory leaks and null pointer exceptions
 - Streamline your activity's code by removing UI framework calls
Here are some examples:
// Bind the name property of the viewmodel to the text attribute
// Bind the nameVisible property of the viewmodel to the visibility attribute
// Call the onLike() method on the viewmodel when the View is clicked.
android:onClick="@{() -> viewmodel.onLike()}"
Check out a complete description of the language here.
Now, let's bind some data!
Let's start with some static data binding for now.
 - Create two String layout variables inside the tag.

 - Look for the TextView with the ID plain_name and add the android:text attribute with a layout expression:
 ... />
Layout expressions start with an @ symbol and are wrapped inside curly braces { }.
Because name is a String, Data Binding is going to know how to set that value in the TextView. You'll learn how to deal with different layout expression types and attributes later on.
 - Do the same thing with the plain_lastName text view:
 ... />
You can find the result of these operations in plain_activity_solution_2.xml.
Now we need to modify the Activity so that it inflates a Data Binding layout correctly:
The layout is ready, but now it's necessary to make some changes in the activity. Open PlainOldActivity.
Because you're using a Data Binding layout, the inflation is done in a different way.
In onCreate, replace:
val binding : PlainActivityBinding =
 DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.plain_activity)
What is the purpose of this variable? You'll need it to set those layout variables you declared in the block. Binding classes are generated automatically by the library.
To see what a generated class looks like, open PlainActivitySolutionBinding, and take a look around.
 - Now you can set the variable values: = "Your name"
 binding.lastName = "Your last name"
And that's it. You just bound data using the library.
You can start removing old code:
 - Remove the updateName() method, since the new Data Binding code is now finding the IDs and setting the text values.
 - Remove the updateName() call in onCreate().
You can find the result of these operations in PlainOldActivitySolution2.
You can now run the app. You'll see that your name has replaced Ada's.
So far you've learned how to show data to the user, but with the Data Binding Library you can also handle user events and invoke actions on layout variables.
Before modifying the event handling code, you can clean up the layout a bit.
 - First, replace the two variables for a single ViewModel. This is the way to go in the majority of cases since it keeps your presentation code and state in one place.
Instead of accessing the variables directly, call the viewmodel properties:
 - Change the layout expressions in both TextViews:
... />
... />
Also, update how clicks on the "Like" button are handled.
 - Look for the like_button Button and replace
The former onClick attribute used an unsafe mechanism in which the onLike() method in the activity or fragment is called when the view is clicked. If a method with that exact signature doesn't exist, the app crashes.
The new way is much safer because it's checked at compile time and uses a lambda expression to call the onLike() method of the view model.
You can find the result of these operations in plain_activity_solution_3.xml.
Now, remove things you don't need from the activity:
1. Replace = "Your name"
 binding.lastName = "Your last name"
 binding.viewmodel = viewModel
2. Remove the onLike() method in the activity, as it's bypassed now.
You can find the result of these operations in PlainOldActivitySolution3.
If you run the app you'll see that the button doesn't do anything. That's because you're not calling updateLikes() anymore. In the next section, you'll learn to implement that properly.
In the previous step, you created a static binding. If you open the ViewModel you'll find that name and lastName are just Strings, which is fine because they are not going to change. However, likes is modified by the user.
var likes = 0
Instead of explicitly updating the UI when this value changes, make it observable.
There are multiple ways to implement observability. You can use observable classes, observable fields, or, the preferred way, LiveData. The full documentation on that is here.
We're going to use ObservableFields as they are simpler.
 val name = "Grace"
 val lastName = "Hopper"
 var likes = 0
 private set // This is to prevent external modification of the variable.
with the new LiveDatas:
 private val _name =


text:
The primary, secondary and advanced Leaders Award for STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics)
The Leaders Award for STEM is a Primary Engineer programme open to students from 5 to 19 years old. It is a fantastic way to increase their awareness of the breadth of opportunities open to them within STEM subjects. We help students to develop vital literacy and communication skills, and give them the chance to speak directly to professionals from different fields in STEM.
Last 3 tweets from leadersaward:
The Leaders Award
The Leaders Award for STEM is designed to work on two levels: firstly, to encourage children to discover the motivation, inspiration and career paths of engineers and scientists, and secondly, to actively support others with STEM activities. The award is annual and presents itself as a perfect opportunity to study the influences on students and their career options.


text:
|Model, 1. modul, 2009, id:385|
|Findes på RUb:|
The present project propose a deterministic model for the replication of the bacterial chromosome based on the work by Mahaffy & Zyskind (1989). The main aim of this project is to examine how external factors influence on the stability of the model. In order to do this, we examine how the production of DnaA and the doubling rate of the cell mass, affects the models stability. This is done in an analytical analysis of the model near equilibrium, and further by a mumerical analysis of output values near equilibrium. Furthermore we propose and discuss extensions of the model. These extensions include modelling of RIDA, datA, Sequestration of the dnaA-gene by SeqA and remodelling of oriC to contain multiple DnaA-boxes. We conclude that there is a possibility for the existence of a transcritical bifucation, which resolves in a shift of stability.


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The tools
 - The Frugal Scholar Toolkit is a set of budget worksheets developed by SSAO and students like you to help you understand your costs and live for less! Throughout this section you will find instructions on how to use the Toolkit.
 - The Frugal Scholar Toolkit Guide is a condensed, printable version of these instructions.
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Specifies which bytes in a video surface are encrypted.
typedef struct D3D11_1DDI_ENCRYPTED_BLOCK_INFO {
 UINT NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning;
 UINT NumBytesInSkipPattern;
 UINT NumBytesInEncryptPattern;
The number of bytes that are encrypted at the start of the buffer.
The number of bytes that are skipped after the first NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning bytes, and then after each block of NumBytesInEncryptPattern bytes. Skipped bytes are not encrypted.
The number of bytes that are encrypted after each block of skipped bytes.
The skip and encrypt pattern is then repeated until the buffer ends. For more information about the skip-encrypt pattern, see the Remarks section.
Because the buffer's encrypted portion is specified in bytes, an application must ensure that the encrypted blocks match the GPU's crypto-block alignment.
The following examples show how the runtime can partition a buffer's encryption.
 1. The following values encrypt the first 100 bytes of the buffer and skip the remaining buffer data:
 - NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning = 100;
 - NumBytesInSkipPattern = 0;
 - NumBytesInEnycryptPattern = 0;
 2. The following values encrypt the first 100 bytes of the buffer, skips the next 20 bytes, and then encrypt the next 2 bytes blocks. The process is then repeated where these values skip 20 bytes and encrypt 2 bytes until the end of the buffer.
 - NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning = 100;
 - NumBytesInSkipPattern = 20;
 - NumBytesInEnycryptPattern = 2;
Minimum supported client
Windows 8
Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2012
D3d10umddi.h (include D3d10umddi.h)
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft
Build date: 1/22/2014
© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


text:
If you've ever been to a Chinese restaurant, you've most likely received a fortune cookie at the end of your meal. You've also probably wondered how they managed to get that tiny slip of paper into a hard, closed cookie.
Should you not have seen a fortune cookie, let me describe one for you. They are small, hard golden cookies that can fit into the palm of your hand. But there's one thing that makes them unique: they're folded into a butterfly shape to create a pocket holding a ½" x 2" paper "fortune."
Fortune cookies often come at the end of a meal in a Chinese, and sometimes Japanese, restaurant. Traditionally, the fortunes were Confucian phrases about life (Confucius was a famous Chinese philosopher from the 6th century BC—over 2500 years ago!). Nowadays, the fortunes inside the cookies contain just about everything from quotes to advice. Some companies even let you write your own fortunes! Often, they are written in both English and Chinese, and may have lottery numbers and smiley faces on them.
Before we get to how fortune cookies are made, let's try to find out where they originated. The history of fortune cookies is a little murky. Some think that modern-day fortune cookies were inspired by 14th century Chinese rebels against Mongol invaders. Legend says that a Taoist priest and his followers sent messages hidden inside of traditional Chinese moon cakes (Chinese pastries stuffed with lotus seed paste) to inform rebels about potential uprisings against the invaders. Others believe that the fortune cookies have Japanese roots in traditional tsujiura senbei (rice cakes with paper fortunes stuffed inside), made at the Hyotanyama Inari shrine in the 19th century. Another group of fortune cookie enthusiasts thinks that the idea started around the same time, but in this instance by Chinese railroad workers in America who would hand out cakes stuffed with holiday wishes.
The invention of fortune cookies as we know them today is just as difficult to pin down. Most people nowadays believe that fortune cookies were created by a Japanese man named Makoto Hagiwara in 1914 in San Francisco. Hagiwara owned what is now called the Golden Gate Park Japanese Tea Garden, where he served tea and fortune cookies. However, many still hold to the popular belief that fortune cookies were invented by a Chinese-American named David (Tsung) Jung, who owned the Hong Kong Noodle Company in Los Angeles. He claimed to have stuffed the cookies with passages from the Bible and handed them out to unemployed men near his bakery in 1918. In 1983, the debate between the two confectioners came to a head in the Court of Historical Review in San Francisco when their dispute was decided by Judge Daniel M. Hanlon, in favor of Hagiwara.
So, just how did these two gentlemen manage to get fortunes inside their cookies? Well, the process is actually very simple, and relies on the basic chemistry of a common ingredient—sugar. The batter for fortune cookies is usually composed of sugar, flour, water and eggs. When warm, the dough is flexible and can be molded into many shapes. When the baked dough cools though, the sugar hardens into a crispy, shiny cookie. Originally, bakers would mix the dough, pour it out into 3" circles, bake them, quickly place a fortune in the middle and use chopsticks to fold them into the familiar shape before they cooled.
In 1974 fortune cookie manufacturing changed forever. Edward Louie, the owner of the Lotus Fortune Cookie Company in San Francisco, invented a machine that could insert the fortune and fold the cookie. In 1980 Yong Lee created the first fully automated fortune cookie machine, called the Fortune III. Modern machines follow the same steps of handmade fortune cookies: they mix ingredients, pour batter into 3" cups which are then covered with metal plates to keep the batter flat and bake for about 3 ½ minutes. Vacuums then suck fortunes into place, use metal fingers to fold the fortune in half to trap the fortune inside, bend the cookie into shape, and cool and package the final cookie. Now fortune cookie machines like the Kitamura FCM-8006W can make up to 8,000 cookies in an hour!
Fortune cookies are a prominent part of Asian-American cuisine and have filtered into popular culture as well. People create customized fortune cookies to send funny messages to friends and family—and sometimes to even propose marriage to a loved one! They are even used in advertising campaigns for corporations. Even though popular belief says otherwise, modern fortune cookies are as American as baseball and apple pie.
- Fortune cookies in The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Edited by Andrew F. Smith. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2007. p. 233.
- Lazarus, David. Changing fortunes. The San Francisco chronicle, Aug. 7, 1999: p. B1 and B8.
- Lazarus, David. Unfolding the origin of a confection. The San Francisco chronicle, Aug. 7, 1999: p. B8.
- Lee, Jennifer 8. The fortune cookie chronicles: adventures in the world of Chinese food. New York, NY, Twelve, 2008. 307 p.
- Moore, Scott. Now you know column. Smart cookie. The Washington post. March 14, 2003: p. C12.
- Sugars in The Science of bakery products. Edited by W.P, Edwards. Cambridge, Eng., Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. pp. 215-216.
- Tompkins, Joshua. Who invented the fortune cookie? American Heritage, v. 56, Feb./Mar. 2005: 14-15.
- United States Patent _PHONE_: Apparatus for making a food product -
Patent for Edward Louie's original fortune cookie machine
- United States Patent _PHONE_: Fortune cookie machine
Patent for Yong Lee's popular fortune cookie machine.
more print resources...
Search on "baked products," "baking," "Chinese restaurants," "Chinese American social life and customs," "cookery Chinese," "cookery Japanese," "food in popular culture," "food habits," "fortune cookies," "Japanese Americans social life and customs,"
in the Library of Congress Online
A fortune cookie. Photo courtesy of Colin Robertson.
Fortune cookies, wrapped and ready to go! Photo courtesy of Steven G. de
A fortune cookie broken open to reveal the message. Photo courtesy of Colin Robertson.
Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company. Photo courtesy of biskuit.
Close up of the finished cookies. Photo courtesy of biskuit.
Japanese Tea Garden, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
New Year's feast. Chinatown, New York City Jan. 26, 1906. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
Aa hostess at the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park offers a cookie to a squirrel. From the San Francisco Historical Photograph Collection
Japanese woodcut print showing several women and a waitress in the Miyamoto shop. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.


Follow OneKind
Emotions in sheep
Sheep love company. Researchers have found that sheep can remember the faces of 50 other sheep for at least two years.
Like humans, sheep also seem to find familiar faces comforting. Researchers found that when sheep were socially isolated the sight of familiar sheep face pictures compared with those of goats or inverted triangles significantly reduced behavioural and physiological measures of stress.
Researchers have also found that sheep can recognise emotions in facial expression, not only in their species but also in humans.
Dr Keith Kendrick at Cambridge University and colleagues have discovered that sheep prefer smiling or relaxed human faces, over angry or stressed ones.
"Sheep are able to recognise faces that differ by less than 5% so we thought perhaps they could recognise emotions which are much more subtle," Dr Kendrick said. "It turns out they can, both human, smiling versus angry; and sheep, stressed versus calm."
Scientists presented the sheep with two doors they could push open to gain food. On one would be a picture of a smiling human or a happy sheep, on the other an angry human or a stressed out sheep. "They vastly preferred to press the smiling human or the animal that has just had a meal and is feeling all right with life," said Dr Kendrick.
The research has wide reaching implications for animal welfare. Dr Kendrick said: "This does open up the possibility that they have much richer emotional lives than we would give them credit for. If sheep, which in terms of domestic animals tend to be right down the bottom of the league table for intelligence, can do this then the likelihood is that other species can too."
When there is no common verbal language between people we can look at a person's facial expressions and use these to assess how he or she is feeling. Expression of emotions in humans has been extensively studied through changes in facial features. Of course the more different an animal and its' face is to a human the more difficult this method becomes.
It has been shown that individual recognition in farmed animals such as sheep and cattle is partly based on facial features. Researchers have now borrowed techniques used in human psychology to study sheep's facial features and postures and attempted to find convenient physical indicators to reliably infer their emotions.
Compared to other mammals sheep have more simple facial muscles and thus don't appear to have a wide array of facial expressions. However, they do have several muscles for rotating their ears. The researchers investigated whether measuring ear postures in sheep could be used to accurately infer their emotions.
Previous studies have shown that sheep appear to have the potential to feel a wide range of emotions, including fear, anger, rage and despair. The researchers now found that they could link specific ear postures with specific emotional experiences.
For example, the backward ear posture which is associated with unfamiliar and uncontrollable unpleasant situations could express fear, the raised ear posture displayed in response to an unfamiliar but controllable unpleasant situation could characterise anger and the asymmetric ear posture that is mainly displayed in response to sudden situations could express surprise. These findings support the intuitive knowledge of people such as farmers who work closely with sheep and have learnt to understand their expressions.
The researchers believe it's safe to assume that sheep do not only show emotions but also 'feel' them too.
The researchers noted that interpretation of ear postures could be used to assess and improve farming practices from the viewpoint of sheep by helping us to understand what a given animal is feeling at a certain time. Also, findings from assessment of emotional states in sheep may be readily transferable to other closely related prey species.
Other scientists take a more holistic approach to assessing how animals are feeling by looking at their whole bodies and behaviour rather than focussing on certain features.
This experiment, and other like it, show that by adapting and applying models developed for humans in a manner appropriate for each different species, we can increase our knowledge about the emotions other animals can feel.
 - Kendrick K. M, da Costa A. P, Leigh A. E, Hinton M. R and Peirce J. W 2001 Sheep don't forget a face. Nature 414, 165-166
 - Kendrick K. M, Man M, Leigh A. E and da Costa A. P 2004 Face pictures reduce behavioural, autonomic, endocrine and neural indices of stress and fear in sheep. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, vol. 271 no. 1552, 2077-2084
 - Boissy A, Aubert A, Désiré L, Greiveldinger L, Delval E and Veissier I 2011 Cognitive sciences to relate ear postures to emotions in sheep. Animal Welfare Volume 20, Number 1: 47-56(10)
Animal Testing
Donate now to end animal testing for household products.


text:
Taneční Papírna // Pokoje
It moves, crinkles, rips, shapes itself. Paper acts within dance. To bring paper onto stage invites a connection between two fragile worlds of existence. This video marks a moment in time where paper and dance come into their own through movement, separate from each other, and yet never losing the absolute connection of coming together to create.
A part of the sixth Pokoje Exhibition, Taneční Papírna explores the elasticity of paper through an installation.


text:
The Welios Science Center is located in the Wels' Volksgarten park, where it bridges the gap between the historic city center and the expo center.
The Welios Science Center is located in the Wels' Volksgarten park, where it bridges the gap between the historic city center and the expo center. Conceived as a giant X, the project offers flexible exhibition spaces and a deep cleft in the center draws natural light inside. The exterior is clad in a shimmering white metal screen that is inlaid with zigzagging LED lights. These low-energy lights are computer-programmed to change colors, creating a dynamic facade. The science center opens directly into a public garden and the fairgrounds, which serve as an extension of the center for outdoor festivals and exhibits.
Students, children and adults can wander around the museum while engaging with the exhibits to learn about renewable energy and energy efficiency. They can also learn important lessons from the building itself, which was built to minimize energy use and generate some of its own power from the sun. Geothermal ground source heat pumps along with radiant floor heating provide low-energy climate control. High-performance insulation and an automatic control monitoring system further reduce energy use inside the building. The metal shade screen on the building's facade allows some light to filter into the interior, but minimizes solar heat gain while serving as a rain screen and encouraging natural ventilation around the building.
Waterless urinals and toilets flushed with non-potable water minimize water usage. Meanwhile a 20 kW photovoltaic system is installed in the facade, in photovoltaic glass, and on the roof. This system supplies 15,000 kWh of electricity per year, which is enough to power three single-family homes. Hot water is produced by a 20 m² solar thermal plant, and a large evacuated tube solar collector provides solar district heating.
+ Welios Science Center
+ Archinauten / Dworschak + Mühlbachler Zt-Gmbh Architekten
Images ©Dietmar Tolerian and Welios


Delivered At Frontier - DAF
DEFINITION of 'Delivered At Frontier - DAF'
In international trade, a contract specification requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named destination, usually a border location, by a predetermined time. Up to the border, the seller is responsible for all risks and expenses associated with the delivery.
Terms used in international trade, such as delivered at frontier, outline who bears the risks and expenses of transporting goods under international transactions. A variety of terms exist for various methods of transportation. Delivered at frontier is most often used when using ground transport, such as truck or rail, to supply the goods.
 1. Acceptance Market
 2. Cost, Insurance and Freight - CIF
 3. Incoterms
 Trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce...
 4. Delivered Ex Ship - DES
 A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a buyer...
 5. Welfare Capitalism
 Definition of welfare capitalism.
 6. LIBOR
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Hot Definitions
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Trading Center


text:
| < November >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Matad in November is cold at -9.6 °C (14.72 °F).
- Afternoons can be slightly cold with average high temperatures reaching -3.1 °C (26.4 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally very cold with an average low of -13.9 °C (7 °F).
- The average daily temperature range/ variation in November is 10.8 °C (19.4 °F).
- The weather in November is arid. An airy 3.9mm (0.2in) of H2O is deposited.
- The shortest day is 8:46 long and the longest day is 9:55 long with an average length of 9:17.
Check the distance to and compare the Matad November averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for November in Matad, Mongolia
Navigate to November Weather in Locations Surrounding Matad:
- Cita/ Kadala, Russia - 568.2 kms (353.1 miles) NNW
- Chita, Russia - 564.1 kms (350.6 miles) NNW
- Kyra, Russia - 380.2 kms (236.2 miles) NW
- Dashbalbar, Mongolia - 280.2 kms (174.1 miles) NNW
- Choibalsan, Mongolia - 130.3 kms (81 miles) NW
- Ulan-Bator/ Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia - 662.9 kms (412 miles) W
- Bayan-Ovoo, Mongolia - 273 kms (169.7 miles) WNW
- Underkhaan, Mongolia - 377.8 kms (234.7 miles) W
- Maanty, Mongolia - 615.2 kms (382.3 miles) W
- Baruun-Urt, Mongolia - 186.4 kms (115.8 miles) WSW
- Choir, Mongolia - 569.8 kms (354.1 miles) W
- Bayandelger, Mongolia - 296.7 kms (184.4 miles) WSW
- Sainshand, Mongolia - 494.7 kms (307.4 miles) WSW
- Zamiin-Uud, Mongolia - 480 kms (298.3 miles) SW
- Erlian, China - 482.9 kms (300.1 miles) SW


text:
A layer structural complex magnetic refrigerant, which is suitable for the Ericsson cycle, satisfying the Carnot principle, has been investigated. Above ∼15 K, since the thermal agitation energy and the lattice entropy increase considerably, the ferromagnetic material has to be used for the refrigerant in the magnetic refrigeration. However, the variatio of the magnetic entropy of the ferromagnets is not ap propriate to the Ericsson cycle in which the entropy difference ΔSJ between two kinds of the iso-magnetic field processes should be constant in the refrigeration range. In order to make the refrigerant having constant ΔSJ mentioned above, we made the layer structural sin tered material composed of four kinds of ferromagnets ErAl2.2, HoAl2.2, (DY0.5Ho0.5)Al2.2 and DyAl2.2, and investigated its entropy experimentally. As the result, it is verified that the layer structural magnet material is one of the most promising refrigerant for the Ericsson cycle.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering