shortening url
 - hello
 i need to shorten urls form form
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 - _USER_-Bogers said in shortening url:
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 Yes. How would you do it if you were explaining the algorithm to someone? "Look for the last /, and delete everything after that". So then create a regex that implements that.
 For example, finding /\K[^/\r\n]*$ will look for a slash, then reset the match (so the slash won't get deleted), then look for 0 or more characters that are neither slash or newlines until the end of the line. Replace that with the empty string. (And of course, regular expression must be enabled). If that pattern is matched, then the final filename will be deleted; if that pattern doesn't match, nothing will be deleted, of course.
 Do you want regex search/replace help? Then please be patient and polite, show some effort, and be willing to learn; answer questions and requests for clarification that are made of you. All data / example text should be marked up as plaintext using the toolbar button or manual Markdown syntax; screenshots can be pasted in natively using Ctrl+V when you have the image in your clipboard. Show the data you have; show the regex you tried, and why you thought it should work; show what you get, and compare it to what you wanted to get; make sure to include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone. Read the official NPP Searching / Regex docs and the forum's Regular Expression FAQ.
 We sometimes vent our frustration when all a particular user does is demand the answer be given to them after many changes of requirements, or comes back time and again for new "gimme" requests, without showing any effort. But if you follow these guidelines, you're much more likely to get helpful replies that solve your problem in the shortest number of tries.
 - Hello, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 Hi, Peter, just an other syntax :
 SEARCH (?-s).+/\K.+
 - Select the Regular expression search mode
 - Click, exclusively, on the Replace All button
 Best regards,
 - _USER_
 it still keeps some of them
 - _USER_-Bogers,
 _USER_'s worked perfectly for all the example data you originally showed. We both made assumptions about what larger set your data represented (consciously or not), and gave the best regex we could that fits the data we could see with those assumptions.
 If you want better help, you have to give better example data.
 And I need to tweak my boilerplate again (which I'm trying to condense and make more likely for people to read), because in this shortened version, I forgot to mention that edge cases should be included in example data as well. sigh
 - _USER_
 my raw data looks like,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 a small sample
 - Every post, you've made it more confusing. You didn't used to have commas, and now I don't know what you want to replace and what you don't.
 If you want more help than what Guy and I have already given, you are going to have to make your desires more clear.
 Show the data you have and the text you want to get from that data; include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone; show edge cases and make sure you examples are as varied as your real data. Show the regex you already tried, and why you thought it should work; tell us what's wrong with what you do get.
 - Hi, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 _USER_-bogers, and All, when, you ask for modifications of data, with regular expresions, please, please …
 - Give us a fairly large amount of your INPUT text ( as you did,_USER_-bogers, in your previous post )
 - Give us, also, the expected OUTPUT text, from your specific INPUT test. That's the KEY point!
 Then, from the differences between these two texts, even if you cannot express simply yourself, regarding your goal, we should be able to guess your needs, most of the time ;-))
 Remember : If you clearly defined the rules to process, in your INPUT text, half the job is already done ;-))
 See you later,
 Best Regards,
Log in to reply


text:
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Mirroring the results of research in adults, a new study shows that white children are at a higher risk of breaking a bone than children of other races.
The researchers say that genetics might have something to do with the differences, but it's also possible that environmental factors - such as participation in sports - could play a role.
Earlier studies have shown that white women are more likely to suffer a fracture than black women (see Reuters Health report of May 3, 2005).
Tishya Wren, the lead author of the study and professor at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, said her study stemmed from a larger research program looking at children's bone health.
The study included 1,470 girls and boys aged six to 17 years old, whose bone density and broken bones were tracked for six years.
"When I separated our data by race...we noticed this very interesting relationship, which hasn't really been recognized (in children) before," Wren said.
She and her colleagues found that 22 percent of the white kids had had a fracture, while only 12 percent of the other children had experienced a fracture.
White boys appeared to be the most at risk. By the end of the study, about 28 percent had had a fracture, compared to about 18 percent of white girls, 12 percent of non-white boys and six percent of non-white girls.
Most of the fractures occurred while the kids were playing sports, and Wren's group found that lower body fat and more participation in sports were tied to an increased risk of fracture.
For instance, playing sports more than four days per week was tied to a 35 percent increased risk of having a fracture, the group reports in The Journal of Pediatrics.
After the researchers took into account risk factors, such as how many sports the kids played and their body type, they still found that white children had about a two-fold risk of fracturing a bone.
"We think some of it must be related to a genetic type of effect," Wren told Reuters Health. "We also think there might be something inherent in the bone itself that's causing it to be more susceptible to fracture."
SOCIOECONOMICS MAY PLAY A ROLE
Still, Ryan noted, it's possible that the study didn't fully capture how much exposure kids had to high-risk activities, because the researchers didn't examine the children's socioeconomic status.
Ryan said other studies have shown that more children from wealthier families are more likely to play organized sports.
"I would use caution in definitively stating that these findings reflect a racial disparity without incorporating socioeconomic status," she told Reuters Health.
Wren said that until the contributors to the increased risk of broken bones are nailed down, it is important to use the findings to keep parents and doctors aware of the risks.
She said she would not tell parents to avoid sports to reduce kids' risks, because other studies have found that kids with higher body mass and less dense bone - signs indicative of being inactive - are at a greater risk of having a fracture from low-impact injuries.
SOURCE: _URL_ The Journal of Pediatrics, online September 12, 2012.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


In our science page we explain how vLive is unlike other nutritional supplements. Within 10 minutes of consuming v-Oxy+ the skin turns red. Here are the 9 possible healing responses one can expect. It shows vLive works. Note that these physical effects only last at most half an hour.
1. If the ears turn red minutes after taking v-Oxy+ this suggest you are suffering from low energy.
2. If you experience a tingling sensation, which feels like ants crawling on your skin, this suggest you might have a cholesterol issue.
3. Tummy discomfort or slight pain which will go away in minutes. There are certain stomach related issues.
4. If you are nursing injuries in any joint, they might turn red. It is just the healing process beginning.
5. Body turning red and warm. You blood circulation is enhanced.
6. If you experience itchiness, the body needs detoxification.
7. If the body is too acidic, you could experience temporary sleepiness.
8. For people with heart issues, their heart rate will increase slightly.
9. The commonest response is the body's temperature is slightly elevated. It is moving towards an optimal temperature for you.
© 2020 by vLive Australia Pty Ltd.


text:
High Ability Learner Education
Board of Education Policy for High Ability Learners
"High ability learners are those students who give evidence of high performance capability in such areas as intellectual/academic, creative, or artistic capacity and who require accelerated or differentiated curriculum programs in order to develop those capabilities fully."
The Board directs the Superintendent to develop selection methods, regulations and procedures to ensure that appropriate programs, within budgetary limitations, are provided for high ability learners. The Board also expects the Superintendent and his staff to inform patrons of the District about available high ability learner program options.
Adopted September 14, 1998
The Elkhorn Public Schools are committed to an educational program that recognizes the unique characteristics of the student and strives to advance to the fullest all aspects of the student's development.
WHAT IS HIGH ABILITY LEARNER EDUCATION?
High ability learner education is designed to extend the learning environment for high potential students. Services are defined as being expanded learning experiences for students who are capable of studying in-depth matters of an academic and creative nature.
The District shall attempt to provide educational experiences for students through the following goals:
- Assessing and identifying students of high academic ability third through grade twelve.
- Providing services for identified students that incorporate curriculum modifications/accommodations, teaching methods, activities, and/or instructional materials to meet the needs of high ability learners.
- Communicating the various aspects and successes of the program for high ability learners to staff, students, parents, and the community.
- Evaluating program goals, activities, materials and procedures.
- Recognizing and nurturing educational excellence.
PROGRAM SELECTION PROCEDURES
Phase I – Screening
Identify all of the students who have one of the following characteristics:
- 120 or above on a Scholastic Aptitude Measure
- Achievement level total composite of 95% or higher on a standardized achievement test
- Achievement level of 96% or higher on any sub test of a standardized achievement test in the areas of total reading, language arts, or mathematics
- Nomination(s) by teacher, parent, self, or peer using a specific list of characteristics
Phase II – Analysis
With the students who have been identified in Phase I, further analysis of abilities is conducted using one or more of the following methods:
- Past performance
- Product analysis
- Personal interview
- The identification process shall include multiple criteria in an effort to be inclusive rather than exclusive. This process shall be based on a combination of standardized instruments and non-standardized means and criteria.
Phase III – Placement and Participation
Placement and continued participation will be based on the following characteristics:
- Score at or above the 98th percentile on an approved individual intelligence test;
- Score at or above the 96th percentile on a standardized achievement test in the areas of total reading, language arts, or mathematics or;
- Score at or above the 95th percentile on a total composite on any group administered standardized achievement test; and/or;
- Evidence of the ability or potential for advanced academic studies, creativity/productive thinking, and achievement motivation; and
- Parent, school administrator, teacher(s), and student consent.
- Other appropriate instruments/methods
(Alternative assessment for placement methods is considered for program participation.)
Students are continually evaluated and parents can learn about student progress through conferences with teachers as well as through formal periodic progress reporting. Parents should feel free to contact a high ability learner coordinator and the classroom teacher(s) to discuss their child's school program.
Regular classroom teachers have the responsibility to refer students to the program services when it is determined the student would benefit from advanced level instructional methods and curriculum content.
Children in kindergarten, first, and second grades are served primarily in the regular classroom with consulting services provided to the classroom teacher by an elementary coordinator. Whole class and small group sessions are planned in collaboration with the classroom teacher.
Students in grades three through five who demonstrate high potential or performance in their academic programs have the opportunity to participate in many activities designed to challenge their abilities. Programs for high potential students include literature groups, math and logic activities, creative problem solving and small group seminars on topics developed from student interest or as an extension of the general education curriculum. A Thinking Skills curriculum (Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Creative Problem Solving, Creative Dramatics and Affective Awareness/Leadership) is incorporated on a weekly basis with students in grades three through five. Academic competitions are conducted in cooperation with grade level teachers. Flexible grouping and curriculum compacting is utilized to accommodate the needs and abilities of students.
The goal of the middle school HALE program is to recognize each student's unique characteristics and create expanded learning experiences for each student. Working together with the classroom teachers, we provide three forms of services to HALE students: classroom differentiation, seminars/independent studies, and competitions. Seminars and independent studies focus on creativity, creative dramatics, leadership, critical thinking, research and questioning skills. The competitions offered include SIGMA (math based), History Day, Future Cities, Current Events, Geography Bee, and Quiz Bowl.
At the high school level, students are invited to participate in honors classes offered by the English, science and mathematics departments. Students in grades 10 through 12 have the opportunity to enroll in advanced placement classes in English, mathematics, history and science. Academic competitions that challenge and enrich individual areas of high ability are also available. Such competitions include Academic Decathlon, Mock Trial, Math Field Day, TEAMS, American High School Mathematics Competition, Quiz Bowl Teams, Sigma, Destination Imagination and Science Olympiad.
HALE Seminar courses are taught by the HALE coordinator. Socratic methodology is used to challenge students to explore issues and develop understanding through dialogue. This class focuses on the affective needs of high ability students by developing awareness of gifted characteristics, personality types, learning styles and multiple intelligences. Participation in the Future Problem Solving competition is used to develop creative thinking, critical thinking and problem solving skills. Career and college exploration guides students toward setting personal goals and prepares them for college visitations and the application process. The leadership unit defines five dimensions of leadership and provides students with an assessment of their leadership skills. Master student skills, such as time management, note taking and test taking are addressed to help students succeed in rigorous honors and Advanced Placement classes.
At all levels, classroom teachers, building coordinators and other specialists strive to assess student potential and design options to enhance student learning.
For more information please contact Lee Frye, Director of Student Services at _PHONE_.


text:
What is fragmentation short answer?
Fragmentation is the breaking of the body into parts and then the organism develops all the parts of the body. The fragmentation is the type of reproduction in lower organisms. The fragments which are produced can develop into new organisms.
What is fragmentation with diagram?
During the process of fragmentation, a fragment of the parent forms a new being. It occurs when a shoot that is rooted becomes detached from the main group. Multicellular organisms with simple body organization can divide or reproduce by fragmentation. But, it cannot be used by all multi-cellular organisms.
What is fragmented?
1 : broken or separated into distinct parts Another fragmented language group is the Austroasiatic family, whose most widely spoken languages are Vietnamese and Cambodian.—
Where do you use critical thinking?
A simple rule to determine whether you should employ critical thinking in a given situation is when the result of a problem, initiative, goal, or circumstance (a headscratcher) is substantial. In other words, use critical thinking when the outcome makes a significant difference in your business or personal situation.
What is fragmentation give example?
fragmentation is a method of Asexual Reproduction, where the body of the organism breaks into smaller pieces, called fragments and each segment grows into an adult individual. ❤. Examples: Hydra, Spirogyra, etc.
What does mean by fragmentation?
Fragmentation most generally means the process of fragmenting—breaking into pieces or being divided into parts. The verb fragmentate, which comes from fragmentation, means the same thing as the verb fragment—to separate something into parts or to break it into fragments.
What is the difference between fragmentation and regeneration?
Fragmentation occurs when an organism literally breaks off from itself. The broken fragments of the organism grow into individual separate organisms. On the other hand, regeneration is a form of asexual reproduction where the organism is capable of regrowing certain parts of its body when it loses them.
What is another word for fragmented?
Fragmented Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for fragmented?
What is an example of fragmentation?
Fragmentation is observed in nonvascular plants as well, for example, in liverworts and mosses. Small pieces of moss "stems" or "leaves" are often scattered by the wind, water or animals. If a moss fragment reaches a suitable environment, it can establish a new plant.
How do you become a linear thinker?
Linear thinkers use information they have learned from one situation to apply it to another situation in order to solve problems. They use consistency, rules, formulas or patterns to make decisions in life.
What is another name for thinking?
What is another word for thinking?
What is called budding?
Budding, in biology, a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism. In some species buds may be produced from almost any point of the body, but in many cases budding is restricted to specialized areas.
Why is fragmentation not possible in humans?
Fragmentation is not possible in all multicellular organisms because : Different levels of complexity is found in different multicellular organisms. Specialised tissues are organised as tissues, and tissues are organized into organs. These need to placed at definite positions in the body.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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You have prepared a Word Document it might be anything a proposal, quotation, or any writeup for your company and sent it to your seniors for review. They review it and send the updated one to you but now you want to findout the changes or modification they have made OR you are running a Software development company and Business Analyists keep updating documents and you need to find the changes or modification they have made.
Every person who use word documents face such situation when he/she want to compare two documents to check the changes, deletion or modification made. There are many tools available on internet to do the comparision but Micorsoft Word 2007 provides a "compare" feature which will allow the users to compare the two documents and check the modifications.
Following are the steps to compare two documents using MS Word 2007
1) Open MS Word 2007 and go to "Review" Tab >> Click on "Compare" >> "Compare…" (Compare two version of a document)
2) A window asking "Original document" and "Revised Document" (like below)
Browse the Orignal File and Modified file in respective Text boxes and Press "OK"
3) Microsoft Word will show something like
Following windows will be shown
- Revisions Window: This will show total number of revisions made (including font, alginment, header footer etc.
- Compared Document: This window will show compared document which will include the changes (dependind upon changes) in different color.
- Original Document: It will preview the document you have written or prepared
- Revised Document: This will show the modified or revised document.


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GCSE Practice French and Spanish Speaking activities - Foundation and Higher packs
Email _EMAIL_ to receive a free pack of sample resources emailed to you straight away.
What's included in the GCSE Practice French and Spanish Speaking activities packs?
- Speaking test questions and sample answers at grade 4,5 and 6 (foundation) and grade 6 and 9 (higher)
- Role play practice cards and sample correct answers
- Photo card practice activities and sample correct answers
- Teaching PowerPoints and lesson activities such as quiz quiz trade and group talk to prepare students for the high frequency language
- Native speaker voice recordings of sample correct answers which you put on your school VLE to help students practise
The new skills required for role plays and photo cards can be taught to students.
These can also be used for in school speaking assessments
Email _EMAIL_ for free samples
Practice Spanish Speaking activities for the 2018 GCSE
Email _EMAIL_ for more info and sample resources


text:
2014 Volume 13 Pages 79-87
This article documents a systematic bias in surface wind directions between the TAO buoy measurements at 0°, 170°W and the ECMWF analysis and forecasts. This bias was of the order 10° and persisted from November 2008 to January 2010, which was consistent with a post-recovery calibration drift in the anemometer vane. Unfortunately, the calibration drift was too time-variant to be used to correct the data so the quality flag for this deployment was adjusted to reflect low data quality. The primary purpose of this paper is to inform users in the modelling and remote-sensing community about this systematic, persistent wind directional bias, which will allow users to make an educated decision on using the data and be aware of its potential impact to their downstream product quality. The uncovering of this bias and its source demonstrates the importance of continuous scientific oversight and effective user-data provider communication in stewarding scientific data. It also suggests the need for improvement in the ability of buoy data quality control procedures of the TAO and ECMWF systems to detect future wind directional systematic biases such as the one described here.
This article cannot obtain the latest cited-by information.


Oracle Database 11g: Introduction to SQL
5 Day Course
Hands On
Official Oracle Curriculum
This course has been retired. Please view currently available Oracle 11G Training Courses.
Introduction to SQL (16 topics)
 - Retrieve row and column data from tables with the SELECT statement
 - Create reports of sorted and restricted data
 - Employ SQL functions to generate and retrieve customized data
 - Identify the major structural components of the Oracle Database 11g
 - Create reports of aggregated data
 - Write SELECT statements that include queries
 - Run data manipulation statements (DML) to update data in the Oracle Database 11g
 - Create tables to store data
 - Utilize views to display and retrieve data
 - Control database access to specific objects
 - Manage schema objects
 - Manage objects with data dictionary views
 - Write multiple-column sub-queries
 - Use scalar and correlated sub-queries
 - Use the regular expression support in SQL
Familiarity with data processing concepts and techniques Data processing
Relevant Certifications
Course PDF


There is no shortage of the news on stablecoin censorship, in particular blacklisting of Ethereum addresses:
Tether has been blacklisting Ethereum addresses that hold USDT for a couple of years now—this year alone, Tether has blacklisted 24 addresses that hold a total of $5.51 million USDT in summation. [...] Tether has blacklisted a total of 39 out of the 1.47 million Tether addresses that exist, which represents a total of 0.00002% of all tether addresses. When a tether address is blacklisted, it can't send, receive, or redeem USDT.
Assuming that the said stablecoin issuers are not miners/validators, how are they able to do censor sending and receiving? Does such censorship involve also NFTs, Eth, and other erc-20 tokens? Could similar censorship be done by MakerDao?
They own the contracts.
For example, one of the Tether contracts is named BlackList. This contains a mapping:
mapping (address => bool) public isBlackListed;
...which can be updated by the owners using addBlackList().
When an address is added to the blacklist, that address can no longer use its Tether balance.
 - Does MakerDao own like contacts and could they practice similar censorship with respect to DAI? – Jerzy Brzóska Feb 11 at 10:20
Your Answer


text:
An analysis of the composite materials used and its effects
The effect of preventive agents (mouthwashes/gels) on the color stability of dental resin-based composite materials use of mouthwash may have adverse effects. Advanced composite materials the use of advanced composites toward the year 2000(its now 2017 materials in use in the advanced composite. Baronetical bartlett webs its gormandized formats vauntingly without gelatin zebulon federalizing, its inductance petroling to face actinally an analysis of the.
This is particularly so when the effect on the composite outcome and on for example, it is common to use meta-analysis of composite. Designing in carbon fibre composites composite materials, to minimise its impact and the risk it occur this type of material is not used for. Materials with structural hierarchy is used in the analysis of local strain than does the composite it is possible to design materials in which. Esacomp for automotive use case esacomp is software for analysis and design of composites its scope ranges of composite material effects due to thermal.
Dr douglas s cairns, lysle a wood distinguished professor • composite materials are used more and more for materials the effects. Composite materials properties are used only for the thin and analysis type and loads, not all the material properties the composite material properties are. Improved procedures for the determination of t gby dynamic mechanical analysis (dma) is widely used for the measurement of t g in composite materials. Environmental impact of composites from raw materials through manufacturing and use to disposal can help with analysis some effects may fall into more than one. The progressive widows of dunstan, his standardized bibliographer jets murmuring gabriele's excess encourages him to foresee gorily's proposition 9-1-2013.Composite materials are used only for the shell and membrane elements to properly enter the material properties, the material axes must be it is determined. Thermal effects on materials may be used or dispose of those materials sometimes it is also said 'the composites, as most natural materials. Comparative analysis of drills for composite tool material and geometry, as well as the effect of feed rate and of its. Ansys composite preppost composites materials combine for finite element analysis of layered composite without the use of ansys composite.
To assess the effects of advanced materials on airframe o analysis (eca) databases were used as data survey indicate that composite materials. The rapid development and use of composite materials beginning in the 1940s had three the less cargo its engines example to illustrate such synergetic effect. Material optimization and weight reduction of drive shaft using composite material a static analysis calculates the effects of steady loading conditions on.
- And analysis composite materials handbook volume t composite materials it is used by engineers worldwide in polymer matrix composites: materials usage.
- Bridge design practice february 2015 chapter 4 – structural modeling and analysis 4-4 the material properties that are usually used for an elastic analysis are.
- Pultruded unidirectional e-glass/polymer composite materials composites and thus its effect on the and the sandblasting used by an.
Except that the materials used are long fiber composite composites, after the sample is cured, it is analysis of fiber-reinforced composite. Chemical and mechanical interaction of the combined materials wood and concrete are composites under this definition it is used in pultrusion and. To obtain the adequate material characteristics that can be used for analysis composite structure concerns its advanced mechanics of composite materials.


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This article conceptually integrates research on the experience of nostalgia—defined as a predominantly positive, social, and past-oriented emotion—into the fold of video game research. We emphasize the role of nostalgia as an explanation for contemporary retro gaming trends, and suggest that nostalgia towards gaming events is a necessary area of research. To those ends, we broadly review existing literature on nostalgia before specifically focusing on media-induced nostalgia, and demonstrate how theoretical and empirical observations from this work can be applied to understand video game nostalgia. In particular, we argue that engaging in older gaming experiences indirectly (via memories) and even directly (via replaying or recreating experiences) elicits nostalgia, which in turn contributes to players' self-optimization and enhanced well-being. Moreover, as gamers and the medium mature together, nostalgic experiences with the medium are likely to become increasingly prevalent. The broad aim of this article is to offer future directions for research on video game nostalgia and provide a research agenda for research in this area.
- Retro gaming
- Video games


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BACKGROUND: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) is an important diagnostic tool in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Confirmation of NC as a prognostic factor could facilitate earlier intervention and slow disease progression in SSc. We undertook a systematic literature review to evaluate the prognostic value of NC in predicting SSc disease progression.
METHODS: Standardised searches of EMBASE and MEDLINE were undertaken to identify longitudinal studies of adult subjects with SSc reporting the prognostic value of NC for any aspect of disease progression and/or survival. Non-English, non-original research, animal studies, non-adult studies and non-full length reports were excluded from the analysis (PROSPERO 2017:CRD42017071719). Wide heterogeneity in study design, prognostic factor measurement and study outcomes necessitated a qualitative data synthesis. The "QUality In Prognosis Studies" (QUIPS) risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study quality. Study selection, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were each undertaken independently by 2 reviewers and consensus reached where necessary.
RESULTS: Of 942 retrieved articles, 18 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (17/18, 94%) reported positive associations between baseline NC appearances (using a variety of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative NC endpoints) and clinical outcomes including digital ulcer (DU) occurrence/healing, survival, disease progression (using domains of Medsger disease severity scale), calcinosis, skin progression, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and/or a composite analysis of "cardiovascular events". Application of the QUIPS tool identified a moderate-high risk of potential bias in 6/18 studies for study participation, 3/18 studies for study attrition, 10/18 for prognostic factor measurement, 5/18 for outcome measurement, 13/18 for confounders and 13/18 for statistical analyses. Study quality limited the strength of the conclusions drawn from these studies. The most important source of potential bias across the studies was insufficient adjustment for potential confounders; such as existing DU disease in studies evaluating future DU occurrence. Recent work suggests NC evolution is an important predictor of disease progression in SSc.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of potential bias relating to study confounding and statistical analysis make it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the prognostic role of NC in SSc. There is strong evidence supporting an association between NC abnormalities (particularly capillary loss) and disease severity (particularly vascular manifestations such as DU, calcinosis and PAH). Evolution of NC appearances may represent a more important predictor of disease progression which could have important implications for the future use of NC in the routine longitudinal assessment and management of SSc.
- Journal Article
- Systemic sclerosis
- Nailfold capillaroscopy
- Clinical phenotype
- Systematic literature review
- Microscopic Angioscopy
- Disease Progression
- Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine


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This article states and (possibly) proves a fact that involves two finite groups of relatively prime order, requiring the additional datum that at least one of them is solvable. Due to the Feit-Thompson theorem, we know that for two finite groups of relatively prime orders, one of them is solvable. Hence, the additional datum of solvability can be dropped. However, the proof of the Feit-Thompson theorem is considered heavy machinery.
View more such facts
- is a permutably complemented subgroup. In other words, there exists a subgroup such that is trivial and.
- Any two complements to are conjugate subgroups
The second statement does not yet have a direct elementary proof; rather, there is a proof assuming that either or is solvable. However, a well-known corollary of the Feit-Thompson theorem tells us that this is always true.


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Ain't it true that while counting the moves for 1 tile can lead to other tiles getting to their goal state? And hence counting for each tile can give us a count more than the minimum moves required to reach the goal state?
This question is in context of Manhattan distance for 15-Puzzle.
Here is the Question in different words:
Can we use Manhattan distance as an admissible heuristic for N-Puzzle. To implement A* search we need an admissible heuristic. Is Manhattan heuristic a candidate? If yes, how do you counter the above argument (the first 3 sentences in the question)?
Definitions: A* is a kind of search algorithm. It uses a heuristic function to determine the estimated distance to the goal. As long as this heuristic function never overestimates the distance to the goal, the algorithm will find the shortest path, probably faster than breadth-first search would. A heuristic that satisfies that condition is admissible.
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Can you give some more background on what the problem is? Depending on the problem, Manhattan distance could either be perfectly admissible or entirely inadmissible. – templatetypedef Dec 31 '10 at 18:05
Manhattan Distance is a metric for distance or work, not a class of problems. DESCRIBE the PROBLEM. – San Jacinto Dec 31 '10 at 18:12
_USER_ The problem is this – belisarius has settled Dec 31 '10 at 18:15
_USER_: An "admissible heuristic" in A* search is an estimate of how close you are to your goal that never overstates the distance. That guarantees finding the shortest (or least-cost) path. This is a real question, although one requiring the knowledge of some specific terminology, and should be re-opened. – David Thornley Jan 20 '11 at 15:31
_USER_: it is now reopened, and also retagged so that it has tags that put it where people who have the requisite knowledge can find it. To someone who has the requisite knowledge, the question was mostly clear to begin with, though a link to Wikipedia for the 15 puzzle (or a description of it) would have been a good idea to start with. – Ken Bloom Jan 21 '11 at 16:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
Admissable heuristics must not overestimate the number of moves to solve this problem. Since you can only move the blocks 1 at a time and in only one of 4 directions, the optimal scenario for each block is that it has a clear, unobstructed path to its goal state. This is a M.D. of 1.
The rest of the states for a pair of blocks is sub-optimal, meaning it will take more moves than the M.D. to get the block in the right place. Thus, the heuristic never over-estimate and is admissible.
I will delete when someone posts a correct, formal version of this.
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I got it! I am sorry for being not so clear. This happened may be because I had not given enough thought to the doubt I was facing – Akhil Dec 31 '10 at 18:28
Formal Proof: By definition of h, h(s∗) = 0, if s∗ is the goal state. Assume for proof by contradiction that C∗ < h(s0) for some initial state s0. Note that, since each action can move only one tile, performing an action can at most reduce h by one. Since the goal can be reached in C∗ actions, we have h(s∗) ≥ h(s0) − C∗ > 0, which brings us to a contradiction since h(s∗) should be zero. Therefore, we must have h(s0) ≤ C∗ forall s0, and h is admissible. (Source: University of California, Irvine)
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text:
There are two types of people in this world: those who adore ketchup and put it on everything, and those who avoid it all costs.
Well if you're a lover of the popular condiment, we have great news for you - as a new study shows that cooked tomato sauces such as ketchup can help protect your body against cancer.
Scientists in Spain discovered that cooked tomato sauce increases the levels of healthy bacteria present in gut, as tomatoes have a much better probiotic effect when they are fried into a sauce, as opposed to consumed raw.
Scientists at the Universitat Politecnica de Valenicia looked into how digestion affects antioxidants - which help to protect our cells from damage - present in tomato sauce.
It was discovered that cooked tomato sauce is better than raw tomatoes as cooking preserves a chemical called lycopene which boosts the probiotic effect and encourages the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut.
In the study, researchers examined the effects whole tomato extracts had on gastric cancer.
Results showed that they slowed down cancer cell's ability to spread and ultimately led to the death of the cell.
Scientists have concluded that the findings could lead to more studies being carried out on preventing stomach cancer, as well as using diet as means to support conventional cancer treatments.
They also said that understanding how both cooking and digestion affect the health benefits of food can help manufacturers to make healthier food products in the future.


Timestamp Ripper
Rips and displays a web page's last modification date (using the page's HTML header). Beware of dynamically generated pages, where the date stamps will be the time of retrieval.
Enter a list of URLs. The input box works the same as the Issuecrawler harvester: dump text and the URLs are fetched out. Note only http:// and www. URLs are recognized. Launch the tool and the script retrieves timestamps for URLs inputted.
Sample project
Open Google.com. Set Google Preferences to: 'Number of results: display 100 results per page'. Save preferences.
Query Google.com for site:.gov.ig. Scroll down to the bottom of the results page. To check the number of available results, click results page 10. Here one notes whether there are 1000 results available (the maximum served by Google Web search) or fewer.
Copy and paste all 10 pages of results in a file and save the file. Input the text in the Harvester. Select 'Only return hosts' and 'Only return uniques.' Launch Harvester. Copy paste the result in a file and clean up the list for URLs that are aberrant, i.e. URLs that are not.gov.iq. For a more exhaustive list, please also query Google for inurl:.gov.iq and just.gov.iq. Repeat data cleaning procedure as above, where duplicates and non-Iraqi URLs are removed.
Enter the URL list in the timestamp ripper and launch the tool.
One notes the different levels of attention paid to the governmental sites. Whereas certain sites are 'fresh', most likely through the use of dynamically generated content, other Iraqi governmental sites are stale, with page timestamps up to a year and a half old.
Take care also to visit the front pages of the Websites under analysis, and check their status. In the example of the Iraqi Web, the oldest homepage, noc.gov.iq (the North Oil Company) is a splash page, where the user chooses English or Arabic. The English and Arabic front-pages have these URLs, respectively: _URL_ and _URL_ Entering those two pages into the timestamp ripper shows that the Arabic page is fresher (4 November 2008) than the English (24 September 2008), and that overall both pages are 1-2 months old.
Topic revision: r5 - 18 Jun 2013, ErikBorra
Ideas, requests, problems regarding Foswiki? Send feedback


text:
Aeromedical Causes of Accident Errors among Pilots and Aircraft Engineers in Nigeria
rrors in the aviation industry are considered among experts as major factors that cause accidents and incidents. This paper examines the aeromedical factors that account for incident or accident errors among pilots and aircraft engineers in Nigeria. The paper made use of data collected by administering questionnaires to randomly sampled respondents. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to both pilots and aircraft engineers. Data were analysed using a combination of factor and multiple regression analyses. The extracted variables after factor rotation show that general health (78.20%) is the most significant cause of errors among air craft engineers. As regards pilots, disorientation (79.20%) was found as the most critical aeromedical cause of errors. The results of the multiple regression analysis show R = 0.651 for aircraft engineers and R = 0.607 for pilots. These findings reveal that aviation accidents and incidents arising from errors could be traceable to these aeromedical factors. The paper recommends that stringent enforcement of aeromedical conditions should be added to the licensing and recertification guidelines for aviation professionals so that accidents and incidents traceable to errors can be reduced to the barest minimum in the Nigeria aviation industry.


text:
The behavior of 26 adult American woodcock (Philohela minor) was studied in central Maine during the summers of 1971-73 using radiotelemetry. Adults used diurnal covers and nocturnal sites that were similar to those previously recorded for immature woodcock. The adults, however, were more active during the daylight hours and moved to nocturnal sites later in the evening. Adult woodcock seemed to be less susceptible than immatures to capture by banding crews at night, because adults walked more often between diurnal and nocturnal sites and remained close to the brushy edges at night. Adult birds occupied a smaller composite summer range than the immatures, did not move as far from their capture sites dunng the observation penods, and traveled shorter distances between diurnal and nocturnal sites.
Additional Publication Details
Summer behavior of adult radio-equipped woodcock in central Maine


Kalai, Kalaī: 2 definitions
Alternative spellings of this word include Kalia.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary
kalaī (कलई).—&c. See under kalhaī.
--- OR ---
kāḷāī (काळाई).—f (kālikā S) A name amongst the kāṃsāra- people and other vulgar for kāḷī or dēvī. 2 (Amongst agriculturists. From kāḷā Black, i. e. Black earth.) A term for the ground or soil. Ex. yandā kā0 nēṃ hātacēṃ sōḍalēṃ. 3 unc See kāḷavaṇḍī.
context information
Discover the meaning of kalai in the context of Marathi from relevant books on Exotic India
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary
1) Kalaī (कलई):—(nf) whitewash; tin; tin plating; stone lime, coating; show; external grandeur; ~[gara] a tinman, tinner of pots and pans; ~[dāra] tin-plated; —[ughaḍanā/khulanā] to be exposed, to be unmasked.
2) Kalāī (कलाई) [Also spelled kalia]:—(nm) wrist; —[ghaḍī] a wrist watch.
context information
Discover the meaning of kalai in the context of Hindi from relevant books on Exotic India
See also (Relevant definitions)
Relevant text
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Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
The Yantra described by me in this post is said to be a specific method of appeasing and invoking Ambika Devi. The worship of the Divine Mother Goddess as Ambika or Amba has been prevalent in the Hindu religion since the ancient times where she is visualized as the Adi-Shakti or the Primordial Deity.
Amba is another name or form of Durga Mata and is worshiped in this form by many Hindu Sadhaks, including some very advanced Shakti Sadhaks who have progressed higher on the spiritual path of evolution.
The name of Ambika Devi also features prominently in the Jain religion where she is sometimes described as a Yakshini or a female mystical being who provides security or Atma-Raksha to her devotees. Hindu and Jain scriptures contain quite a few legends and stories about Ambika Devi.
There are some diverse methods of worshiping Ambika Devi in both Hinduism and Jainism, including by way of specific Mantra Chants. The Yantra provided in this post is used in an experiment for invoking and making the Goddess manifest in-front of the devotee as per the writings of a Tantric text
The only information provided by the text is that the Yantra should be drawn 125, 000 times, sitting in the shade of a Mango tree, in order to invoke Ambika Devi. This means that the Yantra can be drawn on Bhojpatra using Ashtagandha Paste or on a piece of white colored paper using any kind of ink.
Hindu Occult Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
Noteif the Sadhak suceeds in invoking the Goddess, the benefits will be immense, however it would be prudent to add that such paranormal experiments are only for advanced Sadhaks and Spiritualists who are well-versed with such most powerful and difficult Yantra-Mantra Experiments.
If any person has more information or knowledge about this experiment, kindly share your knowledge so as to benefit other readers.
 1. om aath bhuji ambika
 ek naam omkar
 khat darshan tribhuvan mein
 chanda surja do pramaan
 haath jod vinanti karum mam karo kalyan
 27/108 times a day
 practiacalexperience beneficial
 2. अंबा काली / दुर्गा का ही रूप है.
 सूर्य,गणेश,दुर्गा,शिव,विष्णु--ये पंचदेव कहे गये हैं.सभी धार्मिक कार्यों मे इनकी पूजा करने का विधान है.
 लेकिन इसके साथ ही यह तथ्य भी अपनी जगह है कि काली,तारा,चामुंडा,धूमावती,बगलामुखी,छिन्नमस्ता,उच्च्छिश्ट गणपति,नृ सिंह उग्र देवता हैं.इनकी उपासना मे त्रुटि नही होना चाहिए,तनिक सी भी भूल होकर बहुत बड़ी हानि हो सकती है.अत: उग्र देवता की उपासना से बचना चाहिए.
 3. Jai Ambe Maa,
 The post above mentions 27/108 times a day, I presume 27 means 27 days? Please advise
 Pranaam 🙏
 1. 27 is not mentioned in the post, I have mentioned that the only information given in the text is to draw the Yantra 125, 000 times.
 4. Thank you Sri Neel sir you reply me in your previous work on Anuragini I am very Happy you reply me you are very good man.Sri Neel sir in this ambika yantra I not properly understand sir.Neel sir in yantra second box is empty on empty box their need to write name of anything Please guide me please.AND Neel sir on first line second box down their is English latter b.? B on their sir please please reply me. I will wait for your reply. Dear Neel Sir.
 1. Yes, the box should be empty, nothing needs to be written there, the word in not b but a symbol resembling b.
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Analysis of Poems:The Rose That Grew From Concrete and And Tomorr...
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Analysis of Poems:The Rose That Grew From Concrete and And Tomorrow by Tupac Shakur
Page 1 of 2
Tupac Shakur wrote both these poems and the poems are about having ambitions and goals and reaching them despite the circumstances. There is also a theme of keeping hope in both the poems.
The Rose That Grew From Concrete is not really about a rose that grew from the concrete. The rose symbolizes a man and the concrete symbolizes the ghetto. A rose would never grow from concrete and by this he is meaning to say that it is really hard to survive the hard life of the ghetto and make something out of yourself. The second line means that the person has made something out of himself. "nature's law" means that no one expected the man to survive and the 'law' was that no one could survive the ghetto and do something with their lives and so the man has proved this law wrong. "it learned without having feet", this part means that he had no help and he made it all by himself. The third line means that because the man kept his dreams and was confident in his own abilities he was able to reach his goal. "fresh air" represents some where away from the ghetto where he is well-off and he is not in constant trouble and somewhere where he does not have a lot of problems. The last line he is praising the 'rose' because it made it through the hard time when there was no one to help it and no one cared about it.
And Tomorrow is a poem about hope. Tupac talks about how Tthe world is today but tomorrow there is still hope for a better future. The second line of the poem, says that people no longer want to take any chances and they no longer think independently because they are afraid of becoming different and getting thrown out of society. The next two lines are about how poor humanity is and how much tragedies there are in the world and no one is facing them and trying to find a solution to them. He goes on to say how children are being brought up, with "ruthlessness" and this is because they find no love at home. From line 9 onwards he begins to talk about...


North Tzoumerka
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
North Tzoumerka
Βόρεια Τζουμέρκα
North Tzoumerka is located in Greece
North Tzoumerka
North Tzoumerka
Coordinates 39°31′N 21°6′E / 39.517°N 21.100°E / 39.517; 21.100Coordinates: 39°31′N 21°6′E / 39.517°N 21.100°E / 39.517; 21.100
Country: Greece
Administrative region: Epirus
Regional unit: Ioannina
Population statistics (as of 2011)[1]
 - Population: 5,714
 - Area: 361.5 km2 (140 sq mi)
 - Density: 16 /km2 (41 /sq mi)
Auto: ΙΝ
North Tzoumerka (Greek: Βόρεια Τζουμέρκα) is a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Pramanta.[2] The municipality is named after the Tzoumerka mountains.
The municipality North Tzoumerka was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 7 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[2]


text:
The role of interspecific competition in structuring herbivorous insect communities has been the subject of debate. Current opinion, which is based on recent reviews of experimental work, appears to favor competition as a widespread and frequent process. However, many studies have examined only a few species pairs within larger multi-species assemblages. In addition, the frequency of competitive interactions at the population level has rarely been evaluated in the field at natural herbivore densities. Thus, the importance of competition as a process structuring these communities remains unclear. We examined interspecific competition among 9 species in the seed-feeding insect guild of wild sunflower. In density manipulation experiments using typical high densities of herbivores, we found that only 2 of 18 species pairs interacted competitively within an inflorescence. Moreover, a population-level experiment found no evidence of negative effects between species in either of 2 years. When considered together with several years of herbivore abundance data, our findings suggest that herbivore populations are only infrequently (~ every 5-10 yr) regulated by competitive interactions. Thus, although interspecific competition may have strong negative effects when it does occur, it is uncommon when all potential species pairs are evaluated and is infrequent given typical densities of herbivorous insects.
Species 1: Lepidoptera Noctuidae Plagiomimicus spumosum
Species 2: Coleoptera Curculionidae Smicronyx fulvus
Species 3: Diptera Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera helianthi
Keywords: interspecific competition, multi-species
Back to Student Competition Display Presentations, Subsection Cd. Behavior and Ecology
Back to Student Competition Poster
Back to The 2002 ESA Annual Meeting and Exhibition


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6 Answers 6
I'm Swiss and I've been drinking water from mountain streams all my life, without any altitude restriction, while observing three basic rules. You can drink the water if:
 - the river is small enough to jump across it
 - there is no cattle (alpage) above, where cows, goats and sheep may poo into the water
 - there is no human settlement above
Drinking this water is one of my favourite things when hiking and I mostly go hiking carrying only a minimal amount of water to drink on the peaks where there are no rivers or sources. I hike often (in Ticino) and managed to survive for 44 years :-)
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If the river is small enough? Why? I think it shouldnt be too small because of pollution. – Wills 19 hours ago
I suppose you mean outside of village, so you are talking about streams and sources. In any alpine areas (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria) I drink water unfiltered when I assume that there are no alps (place with cattle during summer) upstream, which worked for me. Of course you usually cannot be 100% sure about it, but almost so. If there is cattle upstream, you have a quite a chance of getting diarrhea. I did it twice until now when I was just too thirsty and once came to regret that decision :)
Many people attribute diarrhea to glacier water, which I cannot confirm. Unless you drink it constantly, the lack of minerals is not a problem either.
For dwells in towns in Switzerland you can drink always unless there is a sign telling you otherwise. Sometimes such a sign is present as the water is not officially tested, that also very often the case in alpine huts, while the water is fine. But you cannot know, so unless you have somebody trustful to advice you, keep away.
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At a water faucet?
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Your Answer


text:
North Carolina in the early 20th century: Primary sources and readings explore North Carolina in the first decades of the twentieth century (1900–1929). Topics include changes in technology and transportation, Progressive Era reforms, World War I, women's suffrage, Jim Crow and African American life, the cultural changes of the 1920s, labor and labor unrest, and the Gastonia stirke of 1929. (Page 5.2)
A café, whose windows label it as the Farmers Cafe — Quick Lunch, has separate entrances labeled "White" and "Colored."
LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education,
finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers
and students of North Carolina — and the world.


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After the creation of a contact form you can give a title to it.
To do this you have to:
 1. enter the block you've inserted the form into
 2. insert a hidden field in the block
 3. give it formTitle as its name
 4. as value, enter the title you desire
click on OK to accept the changes.


text:
Beginning to Understand Every Child Matters
In the chapter 'Beginning to Understand Every Child Matters', Richard Barker looks at the background to the Every Child Matters agenda, and the range of initiatives and developments that are contained within it and relate to it. Key developments are introduced and described to set the overall context for subsequent chapters.
Topics covered include the background to Every Child Matters, the integrated qualifications framework, the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) and Lead Professionals, Children's Trusts, the role of Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs), the NSF for Children, and the National Children's Plan.
The chapter is a useful short yet detailed overview for professionals and students in education or training who are wanting information about the development and main features of ECM and children's services


text:
Every One Every Day
Every One Every Day is a project between Barking and Dagenham and Participatory City. It provides free activities and resources for communities across the Borough, including activities for young people.
Current projects include:
More information about these events and new events can be found at: _URL_


text:
Does the acoustic waveform mirror the voice? A keynote address from PEVOC 6
Over recent decades, much effort has been invested in the search for acoustic correlates of vocal function and dysfunction. We know that the acoustic signal is a rich but in many ways incomplete source of information. Computer literacy and technical curiosity in the voice care and voice performance communities are now higher than ever, and tools for voice analysis are proliferating. On such a busy scene, a review may be useful of basic principles for what we can and cannot hope to determine from non-invasive acoustic analysis. An engineer's approach to a conceptual stratification of the speech and voice production processes is presented.


text:
duplicates = new Duplicate[stringSize - 1];
Indeed gives you
stringSize - 1 is 4, like you say). How are you determining you're getting less?
I suspect you may be doing something like:
sizeof(duplicates) / sizeof(duplicates), and on an off-change getting one. The above code only works for statically allocated arrays, where
sizeof(duplicates) would match the size of the array, in bytes. In your case, it'll simply return the size of a pointer on your system. (
duplicates is a
And mandatory: Use
std::vector if this is "real" code.
Your debugger is doing the best it can. As far is it's concerned, you've merely got a pointer to some data. Consider:
duplicates_A = &foo; // points to one Duplicate
duplicates_B = new Duplicate; // points to memory containing 4 Duplicate's
void bar(Duplicate* p)
// is p a pointer to one value, or is it an array?
// we can't tell, and this is the same boat your debugger is in
How should the debugger, just given a pointer, know if it's pointing to an array or just one value? It cannot, safely. (It would have to determine, somehow, if the pointer was to an array, and the size of that array.)


BBC News
100 years of Dan-yr-Ogof showcaves in Swansea celebrated
image captionTourists in the early days had to swim through cold water inside Dan-yr-Ogof caves
A cave system and popular tourist attraction in the Swansea Valley is celebrating 100 years since it was discovered by farmers.
The Morgan brothers tracked water which was coming onto their land back to a labyrinth of caves on 21 August, 1912.
Three of the caves were later opened up to the public as Dan-yr-Ogof, the National Showcaves Centre For Wales.
As well as attracting tourists, they were used to store art from Cardiff and Swansea in World War II.
Caves director James Price said the thousands of visitors who explore the caves at Pen-y-cae might be unaware of their history.
He said local farmers the Morgan brothers had set out to find the source of the River Llynfell which flowed through and poured out of a mountain on their land, which lies within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Equipped with candles, a piece of rope and an old revolver - "because they didn't know what they were going to find" - they went into a cave in the mountainside.
"They never found the source of the river, unfortunately, from their point of view," Mr Price said.
"They followed the river in for 30 or so metres until the river took up the whole of the cave floor.
"And I think they were wet enough and they didn't really know where else to go.
"Just holding on their candles they just looked around and saw a little pathway going upwards so literally they scrambled up that and came out into the cave system that we now know is Dan-yr-Ogof."
image captionIn the early days, a coracle fishing boat was used to explore the caves
They discovered limestone caves which are filled with rock formations such as stalactites and stalagmites in an environment which is around 330 million years old.
But the brothers were prevented from penetrating far into the mountain because of a lake.
They later returned with coracle fishing boats and eventually crossed four lakes before being stopped by a small passage that was too small to crawl through.
Mr Price said the farmers' diaries show they actually started charging a very small entrance fee not long afterwards to take people into the caves.
Using candles to light the way, visitors in those early days were expected to wade, and swim through icy cold water, climb underground cliffs, and negotiate huge boulders covered in slimy mud.
The brothers later opened the caves properly to the public in 1939 - only for World War II to start three to four weeks afterwards.
"What happened was the government closed the caves down and actually had two armed guards stand at the cave entrance throughout the entire period of the war," said Mr Price.
He said ammunition was stored in the cave, along with art and documents from Cardiff and Swansea.
image captionSince their discovery in 1912, over 10 miles of caves have been discovered and three caves are now open to members of the public
Water from the caves was also piped to Swansea when the water mains were damaged by bombs during the blitz on the city.
More to discover
The caves did not reopen to the public until the 1960s because of problems with the country's economy.
But Mr Price said the attraction had been "going strong ever since".
One hundred years on, the caves are still run by descendants of the original cave explorers.
In 1963, a local girl called Eileen Davies, a member of the South Wales Caving Club, eventually managed to crawl through the passage that had stopped the Morgan brothers.
She and others found over 10 miles of caves and cavers believe that there are still more to discover.
"We're very fortunate. Dan-yr-Ogof is unique," added Mr Price.
"It's a fantastic underground environment and that's what the majority of people are coming to see - to appreciate the wonder of nature."
Related Internet Links
 - Dan yr Ogof
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.


Attila, Emperor of the Huns
Attila, Emperor of the Huns
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Caption: Attila (406-453), Emperor of the Huns. Originating from the steppes of Central Asia, the Huns swept westwards and established the large Hunnic Empire, which stretched as far west as Germany and as far south as the Danube. Under Attila's rule, the Huns invaded the Balkans and Gaul, and gained a reputation for cruelty and barbarism. This woodcut portrait is from the 1575 Basle edition of Elogia virorum bellica virtute illustrium (Praise of Men Illustrious for Courage in War) by the Italian historian and biographer Paolo Giovio (_PHONE_).
Keywords: 1500s, 1575, 16th century, 400s, 5th century, adult, antiquity, artwork, asian, attila, attila the hun, barbarian, barbaric, black-and-white, central asia, central asian, christoffel van sichem i, commander, cruel, elogia virorum bellica virtute illustrium, emperor, general, historical, history, human, hun, hunnic empire, illustration, invader, king, male, man, military, monochrome, paolo giovio, people, person, politics, portrait, power, praise of men illustrious for courage in war, ruler, soldier, tobias stimmer, white, woodcut


text:
1. Setting the Stage
Dying With Dignity Canada (DWDC) is a human rights charity focused on advocating for choice in end-of-life care and dying. Established in 1980, DWDC has a number of ongoing important purposes in its history including:
- Defending the rights of all Canadians who choose medical assistance in dying (MAID);
- Educating Canadians about their legal rights with respect to end-of-life choice;
- Supporting people who are suffering from a medical condition and wish to die on their own terms and extending support to the families and caregivers of these people; and
- Supporting health care professionals who assist individuals wishing to die on their own terms
DWDC is a leader in the dynamic assisted dying landscape. The environment changed significantly in February 2015 when the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) issued its unanimous decision on the Carter v. Canada case. The justices of the high court decided that current federal law violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The federal government, under the newly elected Liberal regime responded with new legislation, Bill C-14. DWDC continues to focus on ensuring that Canadians are eligible for and have access to assisted dying in accordance with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
DWDC relies on a strong network of chapters, councils, volunteers and supporters to achieve its mission throughout the country, allowing it to have a growing national footprint. Furthering of the advocacy, support and education in all parts of the country and reaching all demographics is key to the success of its work.
As an organization, DWDC is looking ahead with respect to its role and leadership, acknowledging key internal and external drivers of its vision and its work. Internally, the following factors will help shape strategic priorities:
- Talent Management: DWDC's talented staff needs to be supported with quality tools and resources and have opportunities to nurture their talents or grow into new roles
- Legacy Gift: a transformational legacy gift has enabled the organization to undertake more strategic, impactful work
Externally, developments in the legal, political, and health care landscapes are shaping both current and future priorities:
- Court challenges to Bill C-14: current cases such as Lamb v. Canada, Jean Truchon and Nicole Gladu v. Attorney General (Canada) and Attorney General (Quebec), and Christian Medical and Dental Society v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CMDS v. CPSO) are making their way through courts in BC, Ontario, and Quebec, which may impact MAID legislation and regulations in Canada. DWDC involvement further builds on established strategic partnerships with other key organizations.
- Health Canada Reviews: Bill C-14 mandated that a review be conducted with respect to three areas not included in current legislation: assisted dying with respect to mature minors, mental illness as the sole reason and advance requests. The reviews (without recommendations) were delivered by the Council of Canadian Academies in December 2018. All three reports are comprehensive, thoughtful and can serve DWDC as launching pads politically and legally to advance our key strategies over the next five years.
- Political and Regulatory Landscape: government changes at the federal and/or provincial/territorial levels are being monitored as possibly impacting on access to MAID. DWDC is also monitoring the health care regulatory landscape for developments which may impact access and care regarding training, standards and practices.
The demand for DWDC's leadership in the assisted dying space has increased alongside its capacity for deeper investments in its strategic areas of work. DWDC's leadership has identified these four strategic pillars of work:
1) Eligibility: Ensuring that assisted dying legislation complies with the Canadian Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2) Access: Ensuring that Canadians can access medical assistance in dying in compliance with the Canadian Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3) Support: Supporting people, their families and caregivers and health care providers as they explore end-of-life options including medical assistance in dying
4) Education: Leading education on advance care planning, patient rights and end-of-life options including medical assistance in dying
These pillars of work will be fortified and facilitated by strategic operational activators:
1) Talent Management: Investing in DWDC's talent, capacity and capabilities, including staff, board, and volunteers. Providing current tools and continued development for our team of talented, knowledgeable and caring staff and volunteers to ensure excellence for the community of people accessing DWDC support
2) Governance: Ensuring DWDC's effectiveness and accountability
3) Brand, Marketing and Communications: Supporting and amplifying
DWDC's advocacy and programs, and fundraising efforts
4) Fundraising: Optimizing DWDC's fundraising streams to ensure organizational sustainability and future growth
This five-year Strategic Plan sets out the goals and directions for the period 2019- 2024. It is an evergreen document, intended to guide, track and fortify the organization's ability to deliver impactful, quality results that advance Canadians' end-of-life rights.
2. Mission, Vision, Values
Through advocacy, public education and personal support, Dying With Dignity Canada ensures Canadians have access to quality end-of-life choice and care.
All Canadians have the right to choose their good death.
The values of DWDC are to be Person-Centred, have Compassion, Integrity and Courage, and foster Collaboration.
- Person-Centred: DWDC believes the person, be it the patient, the family and friends, or the interdisciplinary health care team, must have a safe and accessible experience with MAID. The context will differ, but DWDC's goal of facilitating that experience remains the same—to ensure the person feels heard, to ensure that family members and friends have the opportunity to access help for their loved ones, including grief supports and to ensure that health care team members are system supported.
- Compassion: DWDC strives to support people through the physical, mental and emotional pains and struggles that often come with grievous and irremediable medical conditions. The end of life is a time when people, their families and caregivers need warmth, kindness and support; the very principles that drive DWDC's programming. Compassion motivates staff, board and volunteers to alleviate suffering by working to overcome barriers to choosing a good death.
- Integrity: DWDC is committed to be a leading voice for protecting and advancing human rights for those seeking a dignified death. Integrity embodies the honesty, accuracy and consistency in advocacy and programming. DWDC is motivated by the principle that Canadians should have access to high quality, timely end-of-life choices and care.
- Courage: As a human rights organization, DWDC confronts challenging issues and advocates for the right to choose a good death. At times, its work has faced opposition, but the organization has persevered, guided by the understanding that the right to choose must be protected and human rights must be upheld. DWDC will continue to promote safe spaces for people to make the choice right for them and to support health care workers who are willing to help patients have the good death they desire.
- Collaboration: As the leading human rights organization for MAID in Canada, DWDC knows that the cause must be the priority and at times other concerned groups will have more visibility or influence. As a grassroots organization, DWDC values organizations who share this space and pledges to work in collaboration with them to protect the rights of Canadians, while seeking to work with partners across the health and legal systems to ensure a safe, accessible experience for people, families and care providers.
3. Value Proposition
A good death. Your right to end-of-life choice.
Dying With Dignity Canada champions end-of-life rights through advocacy, awareness, education, support and systems change.
4. The Big Strategic Goal
Dying With Dignity Canada will leverage its experience as the national human rights organization to be the leader for assisted dying and end-of-life choice.


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Tools and Materials
- Paper clay
- Black permanent marker (optional)
- Bowl with round bottom
- Toilet paper roll
Note: If you don't have a bowl with a perfectly round bottom, place cotton on the bottom of a flat-bottomed bowl, then cover with plastic wrap to create a perfectly round work surface for the igloo.
Polar Bear How-To
- Starting with a golf ball-size ball of clay, use palms to roll clay into a teardrop shape. Hold in palm and press side of pointer finger into teardrop vertically, leaving a little bit of clay untouched at the tapered top (this will be the head).
- Press side of pointer finger into clay horizontally, one third of the way down from the tapered top, to create a cross.
- Pinch each quadrant divided by the cross to create four legs. To make a tail, push the clay up on bear's backside.
- If you want your bear to sit, place the bear's backside down on table and push head downward. If you want it to stand on all fours, place legs on table and push head upward. Use a finger dipped in water to smooth out any imperfections.
- To create ears, place two tiny balls of clay on head; smear back of ear with finger to attach.
- Place a pencil under the arms to hold the shape; let dry. Add eyes with a black permanent marker, if desired.
- Tuck in an edge of a toilet paper roll so it sits flush against the bowl; attach to bowl with tape.
- Roll out a thin layer of clay. Drape clay over bowl and press around form.
- Create "blocks" using the handle of a paintbrush, starting from the top and working your way down. Let dry.
Paper clay by Creative Paperclay Co.


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Hey Today I am wearing my 7th tray and idk why until now I can't pronounce the S correctly. at the beginning it was only when I am wearing them but now also without them I can't pronounce it correctly. The doctor said it's normal because my teeth are moving and I will get used to it but how long may it take? because I really have a very important event after 2 month and I have to say a speech and I am afraid of that. please help me and give me your experience with normal braces or Invisalign
Can't Pronounce S with Invisalign?
Doctor Answers 2
Invisalign and speech problems
The more you speak with it the fester you will get used to them. Try reading out load with them at home. Unfortunately there is no rule how fast you can get used to things it varies for everyone.
4 Considerations with "S" Sounds During Active Invisalign Treatment.
- First, it is not uncommon for your speech to be affected during active Invisalign treatment, especially with the aligner trays in your mouth.
- Second, the most common complaint is exactly what you are experiencing with words that begin with the letter "S." This is because as the teeth move and various interocclusal space forms, air passes more easily with the tongue position necessary for a "S" sound, which usually results in hissing.
- Third, this can improve as the tongue adjusts and teeth move into alignment.
- Finally, you should always make your dentist aware so that he can track your progress to be sure that your Invisalign case is "on course."


text:
To undo recent changes, use the undo command:
u: undo last change (can be repeated to undo preceding commands)
Ctrl-R: Redo changes which were undone (undo the undos). Compare to '
.' to repeat a previous change, at the current cursor position. Ctrl-R will redo a previously undone change, wherever the change occurred.
A related command is:
U: return the last line which was modified to its original state (reverse all changes in last modified line)
U is not actually a true "undo" command as it does not actually navigate undo history like
CTRL-R. This means that (somewhat confusingly)
U is itself undo-able with
u; it creates a new change to reverse previous changes.
U is seldom useful in practice, but is often accidentally pressed instead of
u, so it is good to know about.
- Recover from accidental Ctrl-U, which explains what constitutes a change which can be undone.
- Using undo branches, which explains Vim's unique and very powerful undo tree.


Event App Bible LIVE: Ask the Experts
Event App Bible LIVE: Ask the Experts
Event App Bible LIVE: Ask the Experts
Event Inspiration keyboard_arrow_right
7 Effective Ways to Increase Participation at Your Events
By Guest Author
The Top News & Research in your Inbox
Want to improve learning, connection, engagement, and action outcomes at your meetings? Then use a process that requires and supports purposeful participant activity!
EMB_image_7 Effective Ways to increase partecipation at your event
When people are actively involved in their learning they learn more, and retain what they learn longer and more accurately.
And when you eliminate attendees by turning them into participants in your meeting sessions, they connect more effectively with their peers, at a much higher rate than at conventional events.
Making this happen at your meetings isn't rocket science. Here are seven simple and effective ways to increase participation at your events.
1. Badge It!
Who'd have thought that the humble name badge could provide useful information that can spark connections and engagement between attendees who are just walking around? Here's how to do it.
Use large name badges (I like 4" x 6" vertical badges) and design them so there's space for attendees to write on them. Then add a "Talk to me about…" space, or an "I'd like to know about…" space, or an "All we need is…" on your badge. Voila! Attendees now have a way to broadcast their interests and expertise and an excuse to peer at each other's badges.
A slightly different approach is to have people write a specific area of interest on their badge (perhaps on the back if it's blank) and then walk around and cluster with other attendees who share the same interest.
2. Seat Swap
To increase conversational partners at seated meals, simply announce a seat swap between two courses (typically between the main course and dessert). If the group includes approximately equal numbers of men and women, ask all the men or all the women to stand up and choose a chair at another table.
Alternatively, have everybody move whose last name begins with a letter in the first half of the alphabet. All will double their pool of conversational partners at the cost of perhaps a couple of minutes' rearrangement. At a seated buffet-style meal you can have more than one seat swap, with a commensurate increase in potential connections.
3. Post It!
At the start of a conference session, hand out several sticky notes and a pen to attendees. Ask them to write down one or more topics they would like explored or questions they would like answered, one per note. Tell them they do not need to use all their notes. Supply a wall area where notes can be posted, and ask them, once they have finished, to post their notes on the wall.
Give participants a few minutes to write their responses. As the notes are posted it is natural for people to hang around the wall and read what others have written. Let them do this, but ask people to allow late posters to get to the wall.
As the notes are posted, cluster them in groupings of similar topics. Once all the notes are on the wall, provide some time for everyone to take in the topics and questions. This group sharing can then be used as a starting point for discussion techniques like the fishbowls described below.
4. Body voting
Body voting—also called human graphs, human spectrograms, or continuum voting—is one of the most versatile participative techniques. It provides an information-rich public tableau of opinions or personal information by asking participants to move to a place in the room that corresponds to their responses to questions with a range of possible answers. Body voting allows session presenters, the group, and participants to directly experience the range and distribution of responses, and then explore individual responses or group outcomes as appropriate.
Although I can't do justice to the full range of possibilities of body voting in this article, here are a couple of ways I like to use it.
To demonstrate the collective amount of experience in the room, ask people to think of the number of years of experience they have and then have them line up across the room in order by their number of years of experience. Ask a few of those at the high experience end to say how many years' experience they have and repeat their answers for the whole group. Then, walk to the middle of the line (i.e., the point where there are approximately equal numbers of participants on either side of you) and ask the people there how many years' experience they have. Multiply their answer by the number of participants and announce the number of collective person-years of experience in the room, which will invariably be far greater than any one or two people could possess.
To allow participants to quickly meet other attendees who live or work near them, create in advance a map of the geographical region that includes a majority of attendees' locations, and display it in the room. Stand facing the map and point out the compass directions (e.g. "towards the map is North".) Ask people to move to the spot in the room that corresponds to where they live/work. Once people are in position, have them introduce themselves to the people nearby, exchange business cards, etc.
5. Fishbowls
Ever been at a "discussion" session that was monopolized by a few talkative individuals, with no one else getting a word in? Me too!
A fishbowl encourages free-wheeling discussion that anyone can join without having to get the attention of a moderator or talk over a noisy interrupter. In one version, participants sit in a horseshoe arrangement of chairs, with a few chairs in the "mouth" of the horseshoe, as shown.
A facilitator sits in one of the mouth's chairs and explains the fishbowl rules:
- If you want to talk, you must come and sit in one of the small group of chairs.
- If all the small group chairs are full and no one has yet spoken, wait a little—otherwise, when you come up, someone sitting in a mouth chair must go back to a horseshoe chair.
- If you're sitting in a small group chair and have finished what you have to say, go back to a horseshoe chair.
- When you're in a small group chair, you can address your comments to someone else in these chairs or to the whole group.
When the facilitator gently enforces these rules, everyone has a chance to speak, discuss, and be heard. Participants appreciate how the small group format focuses the discussion, how the contributors change as needed, how simply the front row shows who may talk, and how it's clear when the conversation on a topic has run its course.
6. Pair Share
Instead of one person talking and everyone else listening during a meeting session, use a few minutes of pair share to give every participant the opportunity to engage by thinking, talking, and listening. Pose a discussion question, have attendees pair up, and give everyone 30-60 seconds to think about their response. Then ask everyone to spend a couple of minutes discussing their answers with their partners. You may want to have one person in each pair start, and have them swap roles half way through the time you've allocated.
7. Pecha Kucha and Ignite
Pecha Kucha and Ignite are dynamic short-form presentations that limit presenters to 20 slides automatically advanced, each shown for 20 seconds (Pecha Kucha) or 15 seconds (Ignite), while the presenter shares his or her passion about a topic. Because each presentation lasts just 6 minutes and 40 seconds (Pecha Kucha) or 5 minutes (Ignite), presenters are challenged to be concise, targeted, and creative—and you can pack four Pecha Kucha or five Ignite presentations into 30 minutes. While these presentation styles are entertaining and a lot of fun, their impact is maximized when they are immediately followed by small breakout discussion sessions with the presenters. The combination reinforces participant learning, as attendees follow up and explore the ideas presented.
In Conclusion
There's no excuse for inflicting lectures on your attendees any more. Incorporating any or all of the above participation techniques into your meeting sessions is a sure fire way to increase learning, connection, engagement, and action outcomes at your events!
[Note: For detailed descriptions of how to prepare and run these and many other participation techniques, see the book referenced in Adrian's biography.]
Adrian Adrian Segar is a meeting architect and event facilitator with over thirty years experience, and an energetic champion for participation-rich and participant-led meetings that uncover and satisfy attendee needs for relevant learning, connection, engagement, and community. He is the author of Conferences That Work: Creating Events That People Love and, just-published, The Power of Participation: Creating Conferences That Deliver Learning, Connection, Engagement, and Action. Adrian writes regularly on event design and related issues at conferencesthatwork.com.
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The Top News & Research in your Inbox


Real-time Optimal Drilling Parameter Recommendations
Limit unnecessary trips in and out of the hole, maximize ROP, and reduce bit wear. All in real-time.
Safer and More efficient Drilling
QDrill recommends the optimal drilling parameters and provides updated formation tops – all in real-time. The formation properties can be delivered at the bit or ahead of the bit to give drilling engineers the necessary lead time to make proper decisions.
A Hub for Optimal Drilling Parameters
QDrill provides a closed-loop system that provides real-time optimal drilling parameters to drillers. After sifting through historical drilling data, our data scientists have developed a power machine learning solution that delivers the knowledge of decades of drilling in real-time to the rig.
Maximized - Optimized ROP
QDrill generates real-time unconfined compressive strength (RT-UCS) by processing the data already collected during the drilling process. By comparing trends in RT-UCS and mechanical specific energy (MSE), the software is able to distinguish between changes in formation properties versus energy misapplication leading to drilling dysfunction. Now the driller can maintain or return to the efficient drilling window.
© Quantico Energy Solutions 2020


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Black History: Special Delivery!!
John Francis (1946 – ) is known as the Planet Walker. Francis witnessed a massive oil spill in the San Francisco Bay in 1971. He was deeply impacted the event. It caused him to reflect on how as a society, we are so dependent on oil for transportation Francis decided that he would no longer use any sort of motorized transportation. For 22 years, he walked everywhere. His travels would take him across the United States and most of South America. He hoped that his efforts would highlight American dependence on oil and petroleum.
Continue reading "John Francis: An African American Environmentalist and "Planet Walker""


Hyper-flighting: a micro-strategy in 4 steps
Daina Middleton
Daina Middleton
Direct marketers can generate cost savings, sales volume and more by using micro-strategies to get more granular with media buys. Geo-targeting, for example, enables marketers to tailor offers to individuals in the specific geographic locations that are most likely to respond.
New and innovative micro-strategies continue to emerge, however, and "hyper-flighting" helps direct marketers leverage paid search to make offline efforts, like catalog drops, more effective.
Here are four steps to improve the cost effectiveness of your offline communications using the powerful strategy of paid search hyper-flighting:
1. Coordinate PPC campaigns with catalog drops or other offline communications. Featured products should be represented in paid search keyword portfolios, including colors, descriptions, product numbers and alternative names, to address the different ways a potential customer might search for these products.
2. Relax ROI/effective revenue share requirements (ERS). By temporarily relaxing these metrics and budget constraints, direct marketers can capture increased interest and sales from offline promotions. Hyper-flighting reduces time and energy needed to make adjustments, especially for advertisers with large keyword portfolios.
3. Create hyper-flighting groups. Classify keywords into approximately five groups for keyword portfolios with 50,000 or more keywords. Create groups based on past performance, keyword types, bid prices and search volume, paying particular attention to how you use these keywords when entering or exiting flights.
4. Prioritize changes by group. Search teams can quickly change the bids of high spend terms to increase or decrease ERS. This strategy helped a leading outdoors cataloger with more than 50,000 keywords generate significant traffic growth, increase sales 15%, boost clicks by 12% and reduce effective revenue share by 11%.
Next Article in Multichannel Marketing
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Do you know what it means to truly be fit? Heart disease now is the number 2 cause of death for children under the age of 16. Suicide rates have doubled for children from the ages of 5-14 over the past twenty years. This generation will be the first generation that will not outlive their parents.
How do you know if your children are what is defined as fit?
Some people may think being fit is defined as:
1. Being free of disease and other health problems.
2. Others may define it as having a lot of energy, a muscular or thin body or the ability to finish a vigorous exercise or activity.
However, fitness refers to your own optimal health and overall well-being. Fitness is a combination of wellness of the mind, body and spirit. In fact, all of these things are interconnected.
Fitness is your health at its very best. A child that is fit is not just physically fit, but he or she should have a great emotional and mental well-being as well.
Smart eating and active living are both instrumental to all three. Therefore, a parent should provide a combination of healthy meals and stimulating opportunities for physical activity every day for your children to remain at an optimal fitness level.


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It's not exactly a shock to learn that a lot of young people go online just to pass the time away or to have fun. A new study from Pew Internet has apparently confirmed that assumption. In a survey of 2,260 adults, 81 percent of the people who were between the ages of 18 to 29 said that they have gone online on occasion just to have some fun or pass the time. Indeed, 53 percent of the people in that same age bracket said that at the time of the survey, they had gone online just to have fun the previous day.
The survey results show that the older a person gets, the less likely they are to just go online to pass the time away. 66 percent of people aged 30-49 admitted to spending time on the Internet at some point for no particular reason. 50 percent of people aged 50-64 said that they surfed the Internet in that way but only 23 percent of people aged 65 or above said they used the Internet for no specific reason.
Pew Internet claims that these results are higher than when they asked the same questions to a survey group in 2009 and much higher than the survey results taken in the middle of the last decade.
So what does all of this really mean? The research group says this rise of "fun" Internet use has coincided with the rise of faster broadband connections, the increase of social networking and the use of more video on the Internet.
It added, "All of those factors are strongly associated with people who use the internet for fun: If they have broadband, if they are online video consumers, if they use social media of any kind – especially social networking sites – they are much more likely than others to go online to pass the time."


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Let $(B_i)$ be a collection of i.i.d. random variables taking values 0 or 1.
Suppose $0 < x^- < x^+ < 1$. Consider two different "success probabilities" for the i.i.d. collection $B_i$: under measure $P^-$, each $B_i$ takes value 1 with probability $x^-$, while under measure $P^+$, each $B_i$ takes value 1 with probability $x^+$.
Consider increasing events which are functions of the collection $(B_i)$.
I'm looking for a result of the following form: given $u^-\in(0,1)$, there exists $u^+>u^-$ such that if $A$ is an increasing event with $P^-(A)\geq u^-$, then $P^+(A)\geq u^+$.
Perhaps I'm missing something simple.... There are easy arguments, for example, when $x^+\geq (x^-)^{1/2}$. (Then one can consider two independent samples of $(B_i)$ from $P^+$, and take the min of the two samples; this dominates a sample from $P^-$. From this the result follows with $u^+=(u^-)^{1/2}$.)
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we may think on second measure $P^{+}$ as a coupling of $P^{-}$ and another Bernoulli scheme (that is, $B^{+}=\max(B^{-},C)$, where $C$ takes values 0,1 with suitable probabilities). In this case, any element of $cn$-neighborhood of $A=\{(B_1,\dots,B_n)\}$ w.r.t Hamming distance would hold with probabilty almost 1, provided $c$ is small enough. So, your question essentially reduces to isoperimetric inequalities on Bernoulli cube. Sorry that it is not answer, and is not very clear – Fedor Petrov May 31 '10 at 20:59
3 Answers 3
Say the $B_i$'s have success probability $x$, and let $P_x(A)$ denote the resulting probability of the increasing event $A$. Then the derivative of $P_x(A)$ at $x$ is equal to the "sum of the $x$-biased influences of $A$", which is a measure of the "edge-boundary" of $A$. Specifically, it equals $(1/x) \sum_{i} P_x(A_i)$, where $A_i$ is the event that $(B_1, \dots, B_n) \in A$ but $(B_1, \dots, -B_i, \dots, B_n) \notin A$. This is the "Russo-Margulis Lemma".
For particular events $A$, one can sometimes argue that the sum of the $x$-biased influences of $A$ is large based on symmetries of $A$. In that case, $P_x(A)$ increases quickly as a function of $x$. It's hard to describe more in a short space; you could take a look at Ehud Friedgut's survey on his work on "sharp thresholds": "Hunting for Sharp Thresholds", Random Structures Algorithms 26 (2005), no. 1-2, 37--51; also at
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Thanks Ryan, and thanks Fedor and Alekk too. I guess Fedor's suggestion of isoperimetric bounds is rather in the same direction as the question of influences. – James Martin Jun 2 '10 at 11:18
Ryan, the question now becomes: can one find a bound on $\sum_i P_x(A_i)$ in terms of $P_x(A)$? In particular, if $P_x(A)$ is not too close to 0 or 1, does it follow that $\sum_i P_x(A_i)$ is reasonably large? – James Martin Jun 2 '10 at 11:19
My impression is that the power of Friedgut's results is when the number of variables becomes large. Perhaps here, in looking for a bound that is uniform in $A$, it will be events that depend (or nearly depend) on a small number of variables that are the most important. – James Martin Jun 2 '10 at 11:21
The rough philosophy of Friedgut's results is that events A which do not "essentially depend on a small number of coordinates" have the property that the derivative of $P_x(A)$ is large at the "critical probability" (i.e., the $x_c$ such that $P_{x_c}(A)$ is $1/2$). Thus the event has probability nearly $0$ or $1$ for almost all $x$. – Ryan O'Donnell Jun 2 '10 at 22:27
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I managed to hack out an answer to this question, and get the following result:
For any $k$ and $\epsilon$, if
$ x^+\geq 1-(1-x^-)^{1+1/k} $
$ P_{x^-}(A)\in (k\epsilon^{1/2}, 1-k\epsilon^{1/2}) $
$ P_{x^+}(A)-P_{x^-}(A)\geq \epsilon. $
Given $u^-$, $x^-$ and $x^+$, it's easy to use this to get a $u^+$ of the form I was asking for, by choosing appropriate $k$ and $\epsilon$.
As it happens, this result is not enough to get a lower bound on the influences that I was asking for under Ryan's post (such a bound would follow for example if one could replace the interval $(k\epsilon^{1/2}, 1-k\epsilon^{1/2})$ by $(k\epsilon, 1-k\epsilon)$ above).
The argument I've got is not deep but too long to post here. It involves considering $k+1$ copies of the collection of Bernoulli random variables, then comparing the probability of the event A occurring based on the max of all $k+1$ of the copies or based on the max of just $k$ of the copies. Looking at an appropriate sequence of conditional probabilities as more information about the Bernoulli collections is revealed, one shows that if there is enough randomness in the sequence for the probability of the event occurring to be significantly away from 0 and from 1, then also there must be a significant chance that the event occurs based on the max of $k+1$ copies but not on $k$ copies. For completeness and just in case anyone happens to care, I've put some messy notes about it at
Of course I'd still be very interested to hear of any references where this or something similar has been done. I wouldn't be surprised if a more general approach involving isoperimetry or concentration is possible.....
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if the $C_i$ are Bernoulli rvs independent from everything, with $P(C_i=1)=\alpha$ and $\alpha(1-x^-)=x^+$ then $B_i \wedge C_i$ are also Bernoulli rvs with success rate $x^+$. Hence $P^+(A) \geq P^-(A) + (1-P^-(A))P^{\alpha}(A)$, isn't it?
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Yes, but what then? How to estimate fom below $P^{\alpha}$. I guess, no uniform bound exists by trivial examples. – Fedor Petrov May 31 '10 at 21:46
I do not think that there is a uniform bound from below: what would make you think that such a bound exists? – Alekk May 31 '10 at 22:25
As I understand, $u^{+}$ should depend only on $x^{-}$, $x^{+}$ and $u^{-}$. It is likely that it really is so, but I do not remember appropriate isoperimetric inequalities (see my comment to the initial post). – Fedor Petrov May 31 '10 at 22:34
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