Provided by: hobbit_4.2.0.dfsg-10_i386 bug
 hobbit-alerts.cfg - Configuration for for hobbitd_alert module
 The hobbit-alerts.cfg file controls the sending of alerts by Hobbit
 when monitoring detects a failure.
 The configuration file consists of rules, that may have one or more
 recipients associated. A recipient specification may include additional
 rules that limit the circumstances when this recipient is eligible for
 receiving an alert.
 Blank lines and lines starting with a hash mark (#) are treated as
 comments and ignored. Long lines can be broken up by putting a
 backslash at the end of the line and continuing the entry on the next
 A rule consists of one of more filters using these keywords:
 PAGE=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the name of the page in BB.
 This is the path of the page as defined in the bb-hosts file. E.g. if
 you have this setup:
 page servers All Servers
 subpage web Webservers
 subpage db Database servers
 Then the "All servers" page is found with PAGE=servers, the
 "Webservers" page is PAGE=servers/web and the "Database servers" page
 is PAGE=servers/db. Note that you can also use regular expressions to
 specify the page name, e.g. PAGE=%.*/db would find the "Database
 servers" page regardless of where this page was placed in the
 The PAGE name of top-level page is an empty string. To match this, use
 PAGE=%^$ to match the empty string.
 EXPAGE=targetstring Rule excluding an alert if the pagename matches.
 HOST=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the hostname.
 EXHOST=targetstring Rule excluding an alert by matching the hostname.
 SERVICE=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the service name.
 EXSERVICE=targetstring Rule excluding an alert by matching the service
 GROUP=groupname Rule matching an alert by the group name. Groupnames
 are assigned to a status via the GROUP setting in the hobbitclients.cfg file.
 EXGROUP=groupname Rule excluding an alert by the group name. Groupnames
 clients.cfg file.
 COLOR=color[,color] Rule matching an alert by color. Can be "red",
 "yellow", or "purple". The forms "!red", "!yellow" and "!purple" can
 also be used to NOT send an alert if the color is the specified one.
 TIME=timespecification Rule matching an alert by the time-of-day. This
 is specified as the DOWNTIME timespecification in the bb-hosts file.
 DURATION>time, DURATION1h (lasted
 longer than 1 hour) or DURATION<30 (only sends alerts the first 30
 minutes). The duration is specified as a number, optionally followed by
 'm' (minutes, default), 'h' (hours) or 'd' (days).
 RECOVERED Rule matches if the alert has recovered from an alert state.
 NOTICE Rule matches if the message is a "notify" message. This type of
 message is sent when a host or test is disabled or enabled.
 The "targetstring" is either a simple pagename, hostname or
 servicename, OR a '%' followed by a Perl-compatible regular expression.
 E.g. "HOST=%www(.*)" will match any hostname that begins with "www".
 The same for the "groupname" setting.
 The recipients are listed after the initial rule. The following
 keywords can be used to define recipients:
 MAIL address[,address] Recipient who receives an e-mail alert. This
 takes one parameter, the e-mail address.
 SCRIPT /path/to/script recipientID Recipient that invokes a script.
 This takes two parameters: The script filename, and the recipient that
 gets passed to the script.
 IGNORE This is used to define a recipient that does NOT trigger any
 alerts, and also terminates the search for more recipients. It is
 useful if you have a rule that handles most alerts, but there is just
 that one particular server where you dont want cpu alerts on Monday
 morning. Note that the IGNORE recipient always has the STOP flag
 defined, so when the IGNORE recipient is matched, no more recipients
 will be considered. So the location of this recipient in your set of
 recipients is important.
 FORMAT=formatstring Format of the text message with the alert. Default
 is "TEXT" (suitable for e-mail alerts). "PLAIN" is the same as text,
 but without the URL link to the status webpage. "SMS" is a short
 message with no subject for SMS alerts. "SCRIPT" is a brief message
 template for scripts.
 REPEAT=time How often an alert gets repeated. As with DURATION, time is
 a number optionally followed by 'm', 'h' or 'd'.
 UNMATCHED The alert is sent to this recipient ONLY if no other
 recipients received an alert for this event.
 STOP Stop looking for more recipients after this one matches. This is
 implicit on IGNORE recipients.
 Rules You can specify rules for a recipient also. This limits the
 alerts sent to this particular recipient.
 It is possible to use macros in the configuration file. To define a
 $MYMACRO=text extending to end of line
 After the definition of a macro, it can be used throughout the file.
 Wherever the text $MYMACRO appears, it will be substituted with the
 text of the macro before any processing of rules and recipients.
 It is possible to nest macros, as long as the macro is defined before
 it is used.
 Alerts can go out via custom scripts, by using the SCRIPT keyword for a
 recipient. Such scritps have access to the following environment
 BBALPHAMSG The full text of the status log triggering the alert
 ACKCODE The "cookie" that can be used to acknowledge the alert
 RCPT The recipientID from the SCRIPT entry
 BBHOSTNAME The name of the host that the alert is about
 MACHIP The IP-address of the host that has a problem
 BBSVCNAME The name of the service that the alert is about
 BBSVCNUM The numeric code for the service. From the SVCCODES
 BBHOSTSVC HOSTNAME.SERVICE that the alert is about.
 BBHOSTSVCCOMMAS As BBHOSTSVC, but dots in the hostname replaced with
 BBNUMERIC A 22-digit number made by BBSVCNUM, MACHIP and ACKCODE.
 RECOVERED Is "1" if the service has recovered.
 EVENTSTART Timestamp when the current status (color) began.
 SECS Number of seconds the service has been down.
 DOWNSECSMSG When recovered, holds the text "Event duration : N" where N
 is the DOWNSECS value.
 CFID Line-number in the hobbit-alerts.cfg file that caused the script
 to be invoked. Can be useful when troubleshooting alert configuration
 hobbitd_alert(8), hobbitd(8), hobbit(7), the "Configuring Hobbit
 Alerts" guide in the Online documentation.


text:
Wausau residents are reducing their carbon footprint whether they know it or not, thanks to upgrades at the Wastewater Treatment Plant. In addition to shrinking the plant's environmental impact, the upgrades are expected to reduce the utility's electric and natural gas bill by $70,000 a year – saving money for Wausau residents by minimizing the need for utility rate increases.
In an effort to be proactive about its aging infrastructure, the plant is installing innovative new technology and equipment that will reduce its overall electricity usage. These changes will also enable the plant to utilize more naturally occurring methane gas rather than tapping other energy resources.
Ghidorzi Companies is the contractor that is facilitating the building changes needed to accommodate the changes, with Joe Gehin (photo at right) as Project Manager. As the former Director of Public Works & Utilities for the city, Joe understood the value of this process upgrade as well as the implementation scheme and was able to hit the ground running with the project.
The plant upgrades will put Wausau's Wastewater Treatment Plant on the cutting edge of industry technology and ensure that this Wausau utility is as efficient and environmentally responsible as any community in the state.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In this work package 198 species of Q-arthropods have been divided into two priority groups.
To generate from 5-10 barcode sequences (COI and ITS) for about 100 species of Q arthropods (priority 1), and about 50 closely related species.
To reach this aim we will :
- Establish a prioritized list of all Q arthropods relevant for the EU to be barcoded, plus a list of the related species that could be misidentified.
- Collect all Q arthropods and nominated associated species, each from a variety of localities and/or crop hosts.
- Develop reliable DNA extraction procedures for larvae and adults.
- Develop and test primers for PCR amplification of the two proposed genes (COI & ITS) for all species of Q arthropods and nominated associated species.
- Collect DNA barcode sequence data for the two proposed genes (COI & ITS) for all species of Q arthropods and nominated associated species.
- Test the usefulness of this dataset together with independently generated data in BOLD for accurate identification of the Q arthropods.
- Task 3.1 Sampling of species
- Task 3.2 Selection of barcode genes and regions
- Task 3.3 DNA extractions and generation of protocols for amplification of barcode regions
- Task 3.4 Generation of Barcode sequences
- D 3.1 List of selected Q- arthropods and non-Q congeneric species (Month 6)
- D 3.2 List of barcode regions for selected Q-arthropods (Month 6)
- D 3.3 Three protocols for DNA extraction for selected Q-arthropods (Month 12)
- D 3.4 List of protocols for amplification of 2 barcode regions for all taxonomic groups (Month 18)
- D 3.5 About 3000 Barcode sequences of the Q-arthropods (Month 30)
- D 3.6 Providing diagnostic tool (including any current limitations) (Month 36)
- D 3.7 Detailed contingency plan for WP3 (Month 6)
In this work package 198 species of Q-arthropods have been divided into two priority groups. The lists have been erected based on the economic value of the Q-arthropods, their availability and their habitat, trying to cover both agriculture and forest pests. Many contacts with colleagues and many field trips have been made to get the required specimens.
Several DNA extraction methods that are commonly used with arthropods have been tested. Three of them were selected. These three methods performed better and/or are easy to use by non-trained people. Also, a non-destructive protocol was developed.
Cox-1 region and the ITS-2 region of the rDNA were selected to be barcoded and primers for those regions were developed and tested.
The initial objectives were to generate from 5-10 barcode sequences (COI and ITS) for about 100 species of Q arthropods (priority 1), and about 50 closely related species. For priority group 1, 83 Q-species (79.8%) were sequenced for a total of ca. 2500 sequenced PCR amplicons with an average of 20 COI and 10 ITS sequences per species. For priority group 2, 52 Q-species (54.7%) were sequenced for a total of about 1300 sequences with an average of 16 COI and 8 ITS sequences per species.
20 species were included that are not yet considered quarantine species, though they represent a threat to Europe. This priority 3 list was established during the project. Including these species makes this identification tool more adapted to European needs. For these species, a total of ca. 200 sequences with an average of 7 COI and 3 ITS sequences per species were obtained. Instead of the 50 out group species initially proposed (i.e. species that are congeneric of or could be confused with the Q-arthropods), 128 species were sequenced, producing about 1300 sequences with an average of 7 COI and 4 ITS sequences per species.
To improve the representativeness of the Q-bank database of arthropods (i.e. include Q-arthropod species included on priority 1 and 2 lists but not yet available or increase intraspecific variability for better identification), 334 COI sequences mostly produced by USDA and mined from GenBank have been added to our sequence library.
All sequences were carefully validated before inclusion in the Q-bank database (detection of contamination and pseudo genes). Altogether, about 5300 sequences have been generated during the project and 334 sequences have been mined from Genbank. The database now includes ca. 5600 COI and ITS barcodes for 153 species of Q-arthropods (ca. 77% of the priority 1 and 2 lists), 20 species of arthropods that are considered a serious threat for Europe and 140 out group species, far surpassing the original aim. All specimens have been identified by taxonomists, vouchers in INRA and LNPV Montpellier.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Compaq Fortran record structures are similar to Fortran 95/90 derived types.
A record structure is an aggregate entity containing one or more elements. (Record elements are also called fields or components.) You can use records when you need to declare and operate on multi-field data structures in your programs.
Creating a record is a two-step process:
For More Information:
For details on derived types, see Section 3.2.


News |
Finnish researchers record Northern Lights sounds
For centuries, folk tales and travellers have mentioned the sounds associated with Aurora Borealis, the northern lights. Finnish researchers have now recorded and pinned down the location of the source of the noises.
Finnish researchers recorded this audio of auroral sounds associated with the northern lights. Video: Youtube
The researchers showed that the sounds are audible to the human ear and are produced around 70 metres above the ground.
The Aalto University researchers placed microphones at three different locations above the ground, recording the sounds and calculating the location of the source.
They proved that people are able to hear sounds associated with the northern lights, despite the distance between earth and the aurora borealis. It has previously been supposed that the sounds are so high-pitched that they cannot be heard by humans.
"Our research proves that the source of the sounds that are associated with the aurora borealis we see is likely caused by the same energetic particles from the sun that create the northern lights far away in the sky. These particles or the geomagnetic disturbance produced by them seem to create sound much closer to the ground", said Professor Unto K. Laine from Aalto University.
The precise cause of the sounds remain unclear. Because they are inconsistently reproduced, researchers believe that different mechanisms could be at play. The sounds tend to be so faint that listeners have to concentrate hard to distinguish them from ambient noise.
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text:
The UWSP Campus Network is a valuable resource that we must all protect.
Security - we think about it in terms of our Nation, our Finances,
our Homes and our Children. Unfortunately we must also think about it
in the realm of the UWSP network. Each individual can play a part in
protecting this resource and their own identity.
Your network logon provides access to university on-line resources and
services. We need to guard that. Your network logon provides
access to your e-mail and your identity. We need to guard that. Your network
logon may provide access to sensitive and legally protected information. We need to guard that.
How Are UWSP passwords kept secure?
- They are changed regularly. All campus network users are required to
change their passwords twice a year. You are prompted to do so, via an email
reminder. Change itself increases security. Some systems require monthly
password changes, and many Universities require changes every 90 days, but
we are developing our systems around a more reasonable twice a year change.
- All passwords must be at
least 10 characters long and must include a combination of letters, numbers and/or special characters. Password examples are provided below under "Tips for Strong Passwords".
- Passwords cannot include your first and last name or any part of your UWSP logon name.
- You cannot reuse a recent password.
Security on the campus network is a shared concern and shared
responsibility of all campus network users. Here are some things you can do to help protect your UWSP password.
- Don't share your password with anyone.
- Don't reveal your password in an email message.
- Don't reveal your password on any forms hardcopy or online.
Tips for Creating Strong Passwords
To know what makes a password "good" or "safe," it is important to know what
makes a password "bad" or "unsafe."
A bad password is one that is easily guessed by a stranger, a friend, or a
computer program. Examples of bad passwords are
- Using your LogonID or your full account name
- License plate numbers
- Words found in any dictionary, including languages other than English,
slang, jargon, abbreviations, proper names, etc.
- Combinations of dictionary words
- Dictionary words spelled backwards
- Any personal information
What is left? With all of these restrictions, it is still possible to come up
with a password that is easy to remember, yet cryptic enough not to be
One of the most popular ways to select a good password that is easily
remembered is to use phrase or quote that is based on something you are familiar with and be creative to make the password complex. Here are a few examples:
- IluvW1sc0ns1n! - "I love Wisconsin"
- G$veMEaBre@k" - "Give me a Break"
- 4score+7ya - "Four score and seven years ago"
- 10+12equals22 (instead of 101222)
If you have questions about password security, please contact the


Our other sites:
What are the different types of Wonkee Donkee Trend router bit?
 buy bits for woodworking
There are many different types of router bit or cutter. They can usually be classed as follows:
Groove-forming router cutters
 Examples of groove bits of different shapes for creating various groove forms in timber
Groove-forming cutters are designed to produce grooves in the surface of materials.
They do not usually have a pin or ball-bearing guide, and may require the use of a side fence, guide bush, or another method for guiding the router. A guide allows them to rout along the edge of materials as well in the surface.
 A close up of a bottom cut groove bit in a routing machine
Many groove-forming cutters have the bottom cut facility, and so can be used in a plunge router to cut into the surface of materials, rather than having to cut from the edge. bits without the bottom cut facility need to have an edge from which to start cutting. For more information, see: What are the parts of a Trend router cutter?
 A selection of straight groove-forming router bits for woodwork
Straight groove-forming router cutters
These bits have straight flutes and so produce straight-sided, flat-bottomed grooves in materials.
Examples include single and twin flute straight cutters, mortisers and pocket cutters.
 A selection of shaped groove-forming router bits
Shaped groove-forming router cutters
Shaped groove-forming router bits are usually two fluted and are typically used for decorative moulding or jointing applications. There is a huge range of different shape options for these bits for an array of groove profile shapes.
 Diagram showing that one shaped bit can create different profiles on a wooden edge depending on the height at which it is used
By changing the height of these router bits, or by altering the table fence or side fence position, different profiles can be produced using the same cutter. This can mean grooves of different sizes can be routed, and some cutters are designed so they will produce different shapes of grooves when they are altered.
Self-guided router cutters
 Examples of self-guided router bits in a selection of shapes
These cutters have a pin or ball bearing guide located either on the shank or below the cutting edges and are primarily designed for edge-forming applications.
They do not usually require a side fence or other external method of guiding, as their pin or bearing follows the edge of the workpiece or a template fitted above or beneath it. The width of the cut is controlled by the edge of the pin or bearing running along the workpiece.
 A wooden tabletop with an edge created by a router bit
Self-guided router bits can be used on workpieces with straight or curved edges, (for example, rectangular or circular tables,) and can be used for trimming, moulding, or rebating applications.
 Different sizes of bearing guide found on routing bits
With bearing guided versions, the bearing can usually be removed and replaced for a smaller or larger diameter one, in order to produce a differently shaped or sized cut.
 Examples of straight router bit that have bearing guides
Straight self-guided router cutters
Also called trimming and profiling cutters, these have straight flutes and are typically used on multi-layered materials, to trim one or more of the layers flush with one another.Accessories for woodworking with power tools
 Examples of shaped router bits that have bearing guides
Shaped self-guided router cutters
These are similar to shaped groove-forming cutters but with a pin guide or guide bearing located on their shank, or below their cutting edges. They are available in an array of designs for different tasks.
 Image showing that the location of the guide on a router bit has an effect on the way it is used
Shaped self-guided cutters with a shank-mounted guide often have the bottom cut facility, allowing them to plunge into the surface of materials like groove-forming cutters. Those with a bearing below their cutting edges can only be used to form the edge of materials.
Typical profiles include bevel, radius, dovetail, round over, and rebate cutters.
Joint-making router cutters (can be guided or non-guided)
 joint-making bits (Pilot and non-pilot bits) for woodworking
Examples include:
 joint making bit pair with mating sections and an example of the woodworking joint
Joint-making bits sometimes come as a pair that will cut two mating sections (two parts that fit together) in materials. These sections are then fitted together to form a joint. Some joint-making bits come with a guide pin or bearing attached. These are known as pilot bits and can be used to cut along the edge of materials. Other joint-making bits do not come with a guide. These are known as non-pilot bits and can be used to cut across the surface of a material.
Slotting and grooving router cutters
 A grooving routing bit with shims and spacers
Slotting and grooving cutters, also called arbor-mounted router bits, consist of single or multiple slotting groovers, or profile blocks, assembled on an arbor, using spacers, shims, and ball-bearing guides to adjust their proximity and depth of cut.
 Diagram showing how a grooving bit can be used to cut either a tongue or a groove on the edge of a piece of flooring
This form of cutter offers a high degree of versatility, as the basic components can be mounted in different combinations, using the shims, washers and spacers to vary their spacing.
Replaceable tip router cutters
 A replaceable tip bit and a selection of attachable blades
Replaceable tip router cutters are comprised of a solid tungsten carbide blade held by retaining screws to a ground steel body.
When dull, the blade can be rotated to expose up to three more cutting edges. Buy routing accessories from wonkee donkee
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text:
Ethnobotanic: The root of this plant was used by the Iroquois to treat venereal diseases, ulcers, and legs sores. The leaves were smashed and applied as a poultice to treat an abscess at the side of the neck. The plant was used to counteract sickness produced by witchcraft. The Cherokee mashed the roots of Indian tobacco and used them as a poultice for body aches. The leaves were rubbed on sores, aches, stiff necks, and chapped places. The Crow used the plant in religious ceremonies.
Wildlife: Birds are attracted to the nectar, such as hummingbirds. Young seedlings provide browsing for deer and other grazing animals.
No one has provided updates yet.


text:
Back the Natives
River Basin is one of the most diverse aquatic places in the world,
according to the World Wildlife Fund. The Tennessee Aquarium Research
Institute (TNARI) conserves and restores species with primary
focus on native aquatic organisms. Through research, partnerships
and conservation programs, TNARI hopes to promote the future well
being of these and other animals.
Lake sturgeon can reach weights of more than 300 pounds. That's
eight feet of "prehistoric" fish patrolling the depths
of the Tennessee River. But just because sturgeon have been around
for millions of years doesn't mean they're plentiful.
In fact, due to habitat destruction, over-fishing and water pollution
these shark-like fish virtually disappeared from Tennessee's
rivers during the past century.
When the Tennessee
Aquarium and its partners agreed to save the sturgeon, it became
a long-term commitment, and currently the Tennessee Aquarium Research
Institute (TNARI) has completed three successful years of the
25-year reintroduction program.
begins with sturgeon eggs, hatched indoors in special tanks at
the TNARI facilities at the University of Georgia's Cohutta
Fisheries Center. Once these fish are 10 inches long, a size considered
suitable to survive in the wild, they are tagged with an individual
identification number and some are implanted with a tiny radio
transmitter so their movements can be tracked.
year, sturgeon eggs were hatched and the fry raised by the Aquarium
and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Afterward, thousands of
young sturgeon were tagged and released in the French Broad River.
Since 2000 more than 8,000 sturgeon have been released, but because
sturgeon grow and mature slowly, it will be many years before
a self-sustaining population is reestablished.
Turtles represent an important component of aquatic ecosystems,
and due to their longevity and relatively restricted home ranges,
they are superb subjects for environmental studies. Turtles also
provide valuable insight regarding the stability of their community
and the environment.
years the Aquarium, in connection with the Tennessee River Gorge
Trust, has studied turtles in the Gorge. The project's goal
is to develop a better understanding of the turtle species living
in this unique stretch of the Tennessee River and to monitor turtle
populations to ensure their future well being.
In 2002 TNARI
received a generous grant from the University of Tennessee at
Chattanooga Lupton Renaissance Gift Fund. The gift will fund a
new scientist to join the TNARI staff and help develop TNARI's
long-term turtle conservation and research program addressing
regional, national and international needs. The herpetologist
will continue the River Gorge turtle survey for another four years
as well as join the UTC staff as their herpetologist
We are in the midst of "the second largest extinction event
on the planet," and most people don't even know it,
says TNARI Research Scientist Paul Johnson. The victims? Snails,
mussels and other aquatic animals that inhabit streams and rivers.
And the problem is occurring right under our noses.
has the largest diversity of freshwater snails in the world. But
that status is quickly changing. The effects are most visible
in the Coosa River Basin, where 41 out of the 72 documented freshwater
mollusk extinctions in North America have occurred.
one of the building blocks of the food pyramid in a water system.
But in addition to serving as food for fish and other animals,
snails also benefit the environment by eating algae and debris
on the river bottom. Thus the loss of snails from rivers and streams
can be disastrous for aquatic ecosystems.
To stem the
tide of extinction in southeastern rivers and streams, TNARI continues
its efforts to survey and monitor mollusks within the region and
to propagate mussels and snails in captivity for reintroduction
into the wild.
have successfully bred in captivity the Georgia rocksnail, the
plicate rocksnail and the spiny riversnail - snails selected for
propagation because habitat destruction has resulted in the loss
of these species from over 85 percent of their historical range.
In 2002 TNARI
researchers produced 11,864 snails in captivity. More than 2,700
spiny riversnails were released into the Tennessee River in 2002.
the release of finelined pocketbook mussels, animals that have
nearly disappeared in the wild. In all, research scientists have
produced nine mussel species, amounting to more than 11,800 mussels
Discovery Hall is like a glass-bottom boat journey through the
most fascinating aquatic vistas of the Southeast and features
some of the most beautiful and bizarre creatures.
an underwater world where vibrantly colored sunfish float like
jewels, or peek into a swamp nursery where baby alligators bask.
From the strange spatula-shaped snout of the paddlefish to the
huge claws of the painted river prawn, Discovery Hall gives guests
an up-close look at the animals' remarkable adaptations.
One of the
most popular features of the gallery is the lake sturgeon touch
station-an area where guests can actually have a hands-on encounter
with the fish that once ruled the rivers of Tennessee. The sturgeon
touch station is the only one in North America.
touch station also features video that explains how the well being
of these and other native animals depends on the stewardship of
their human neighbors. Guests also learn about the Aquarium's
efforts to reintroduce these animals to rivers in the region.


text:
"The river is constantly turning and bending and you never know where it's going to go and where you'll wind up. Following the bend in the river and staying on your own path means that you are on the right track. Don't let anyone deter you from that."
~ Eartha Kitt
The relation between the river and the mountain is pretty symbolic. The river with all its gushing waters symbolizes motion – the dynamism of life. And the mountains with their huge, unwavering existence are the symbol of obstacles that we face in life. The river makes its way through the mountains – sometimes it is able to break through the solid rocks and sometimes it bends its path – but never stops until it meets the sea. Together the river and the mountain teach us the biggest lesson of life – keep going until you reach your goal; until the purpose of life is served. There will be problem, there will be obstruction, there will be barrier – but you should learn to make your way through it and move on.
River Paro, Bhutan
Published in response to the Daily Post Weekly Photo Challenge: Symbol.


text:
After learning that women still have few opportunities to learn about their heritage in art and what is required to be a professional artist, Judy Chicago decided to offer the opportunity to learn about her work and the work of other women through a hands-on program that involves learning professional skills while being exposed to the environment of a professional woman artist. By working with and caring for the enormous body of artwork and its documentation, interns begin to understand the requirements of a professional career in art, while they benefit from exposure to Judy Chicago, her colleagues, and the Through the Flower staff.
Participation in the daily activities of Through the Flower allows interns to understand what it means to bring one's art into the world. Interns have access to photographic materials, videos, books, and other resource materials from Through the Flower's library which are often difficult to obtain.
The internship program is intended to provide support and empowerment for women and men as they struggle to articulate their own goals and clarify their intentions in relation to art. Internships provide a basis for growth based upon the feminist principles embodied in Judy Chicago's art, writings, and teachings. Interns are asked to complete the required reading as a supplement to the other educational aspects of the program while they complete their internship.
Interested applicants should send the following materials to: _EMAIL_
The letter of interest should include a brief biography, a description of any particular skills or interests of the applicant, and an explanation of why the applicant would like to be an intern with Through the Flower.


FTC warns of virus-related financial scams
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has released multiple warnings to help people avoid financial scams related to COVID-19, specifically related to the government providing citizens with checks.
With people losing income due to isolation, the government has been discussing sending Americans checks to aid with financial difficulties.
As of yet, no official decision has been made regarding this money.
Scammers have already taken advantage of these discussions, and have been hard at work divising schemes to fool people out of what money they have left.
The FTC warns no matter how the government decides to send citizens money, whether it be through check or direct deposit, there are three important things to remember:
- The government will not ask people to pay anything up front to get this money. No fees. No charges. No nothing.
- The government will not call to ask for Social Security numbers, bank accounts, or credit card numbers.
- These reports of checks aren't yet a reality.
When the government decides if, how and when they are going to send relief money directly to American citizens, they will let the public know. Until then, it is a good idea to be on the look-out for scammers claiming they have the money to send out already.
Some examples of how scammers may contact include:
- Text messages or emails telling the recipient to click the link provided to receive their $1,000
- Text messages or emails saying they are providing free technology (an iPhone 11, for example) to help with work during the outbreak
- Phone calls asking for personal information such as Social Security Number, bank account numbers, login information and more so they may provide the recipient with $1,000
- Fake check scams
Though the FTC cannot guarantee exactly how citizens would receive money from the government, if that is what they decide to do, they can guarantee that any person asking for payment to receive the money is a scammer and should be ignored and reported.
The Federal Trade Commission encourages those who have encountered these scams, and others like it, to report the incident to them at _URL_
The Grant Tribune-Sentinel
_PHONE_ (Phone)
PO Box 67
327 Central Ave in Grant
Grant NE 69140


text:
Automated Test Suites for Electronic Health Record Technology Provider
As a part of a security reorganization process, our client needed to reorganize their authentication and authorization workflow ensuring better and more cost-effective control, support and maintenance. They chose SoftServe to develop a new security platform, as well as utilize our quality control experts to validate and verify that it conformed to the functional and performance requirements as well as our Client's business needs. Since manual testing was inapplicable due to the absence of a user interface, a set of automated test suites were created.
SoftServe fully implemented the following four principles:
- Concurrent Testing – automated tests were developed concurrently with tested software.
- Continuous Integration – automated tests were included into continuous integration in order to provide feedback on the developers' actions.
- Collaborative Decision Making – test scenarios were simplified for non-technical stakeholders for decision making purposes. Testers also used the same tools and programming languages as developers to eliminate miscommunication or lack of coordination.
- Continuous Improvement – test automation framework was developed and continuously improved in order to decrease the time and resources spent on test development and maintenance, as well as to improve human readability.
The combination of these best practices enabled SoftServe's quality control engineers to develop 3000 tests within 8 months, sufficiently covering all of the project stakeholder's acceptance criteria.
SoftServe's quality control experts met the client's expectation of thorough security platform testing and continuous optimization, delivering the following business values:
- High reliability of the developed platform meeting all requirements
- Optimization of testing processes and improved test readability ensuring:
- Continuous involvement of all project stakeholders in the process of decision making
- Better communication between the teams
- Commonly shared views on requirements
- All acceptance criteria were sufficiently covered by test suites ensuring quality and productivity
- Automated test suites were more transparent and usable as a base for Sprint Demos
- Decreased testing time and resources on test review, test support and maintenance allowing more time and resources for sufficient test coverage, requirements analysis, and ultimately a faster time to market
- Decreased costs as a result of reducing defects as well as prompt response on every code commit.


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Aims: To evaluate the results of chemoradiation with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for the treatment of anal canal cancer patients at three institutions that had advanced devices.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-based chemotherapy and IMRT or VMAT for anal cancer from 2011 to 2013. Complete response (CR) rates, colostomy-free survival (CFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were investigated. Toxicities were evaluated with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3.0.
Results: Fifteen patients were included in the analysis. The majority of patients had T2 (53.3%) and N0 (40%) disease according to the staging system that was developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. CR was observed in 14 patients (93%), and the median follow-up was 26 months (13–42 months). The 3-year CFS, DFS, and OS were 86%, 86%, and 88%, respectively. Acute Grade 3 toxicities were observed as 6% of hematological, 26% of gastrointestinal, and 26% of dermatological.
Conclusion: Early results confirm that IMRT or VMAT for anal cancer treatment reduces acute toxicities while maintaining high control rates.


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About the Maryland Biological Stream Survey
The Maryland Biological Stream Surveyís (MBSS) goal is to provide the best possible information for ensuring the protection and restoration of Marylandís stream resources.
The MBSS was created in 1993 by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) as a way to characterize the health of Marylandís 10,000+ miles of freshwater streams. Sites are selected using a rigorous statistical design that allows DNR to estimate stream condition in medium and large watersheds, as well as statewide. Data is collected at each site on the physical, chemical, and biological (fish and insects) characteristics, and then combined into an overall assessment. Since 1995, the MBSS has surveyed 3,405 sites across Maryland. For more details on the program, please visit the MBSS website.
The MBSS program has striven to not only collect high-quality data, but make its findings and results available to the scientific and lay audiences. This website is intended to help in that effort. You can also download MBSS publications at the Publications portion of the website. Data can be accessed on the MBSS Searchable Database.
In the News
Message From the Governor
The health of the Bay is ultimately determined by what we do on the land -- in our cities and towns, on our farms and forests, in our schools and backyards. The 10,000 miles of streams that run through our communities can deliver either clean water or pollutants to the Bay. Itís our Bay and itís our choice.
Thank you for choosing to get involved in improving the health of your stream and our Bay.


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When I first heard of touchdown PCR, I thought of a landing aircraft, which, as it turns out is not a bad way to think about it.
But despite it's amenability to analogies and dreadful puns (see title), touch-down PCR (TD-PCR), a very useful technique for improving PCR amplification specificity, is trickier that it might seem at first. So in this article I'll provide a primer on touchdown PCR (TD-PCR) and some tips and references for perfecting it.
So let's start with…
What is touchdown PCR?
TD-PCR is a modification of PCR in which the initial annealing temperature is higher than the optimal Tm of the primers and is gradually reduced over subsequent cycles until the Tm temperature or "touchdown temperature" is reached, much like the touchdown of an airplane.
A gradual lowering of temperature to a more permissive annealing temperature during the course of cycling favors amplification of the desired amplicon.
Why does TD-PCR work better?
Optimal annealing temperature is a requirement in PCR. This is normally determined based on the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer-template pair. But, primer Tm is affected variously by the individual buffer components, even primer and template concentrations so any calculated primer Tm value is only an approximation (1). Therefore, it is often difficult to find the right annealing temperature for a given primer/template combination.
To-low annealing temperatures, can lead to primer-dimer formation and non-specific products while too-high temperatures reduce yield due to poor primer annealing.
By using temperatures higher than the calculated Tm in the initial cycles, TD-PCR favours only accumulation of amplicons whose primer-template complementarity is the highest. The stepwise transition to a lower temperature during subsequent cycle guards against lower yields by making use of the desired amplicons in the reaction that now outcompetes any non-specific products or primer-dimers if present.
What are TD-PCR cycling conditions?
The protocol published in Nature Protocols (2) works very well and is a good reference to start off with TD-PCR.
The suggested cycling program has two phases. The first phase of touchdown programming uses a Tm that is approximately 10°C above the calculated Tm. The temperature is reduced by 1°C every successive cycle until the calculated Tm range is reached. This is done for a total of 10-15 cycles.
Phase 2 follows generic PCR amplification of up to 20-25 cycles using the final annealing temperature reached in the touchdown phase.
The cycles and temperature drop during touchdown phase can be adjusted from 1-3 cycles per 1-3°C drop in temperature if non-specific products are still observed or if the yield is low.
General Tips for TD-PCR:
- Keeping all reactions cold until thermal cycling starts is crucial to avoiding non-specific priming even with TD-PCR.
- A hot start setup is preferred. Since the main aim of TD-PCR is to eliminate non-specific interactions during the initial cycles, it is important to use a hot-start set up.
- TD-PCR can address problems with monoplex reactions better than multiplex reactions.
- Total number of PCR cycles, including the touchdown phase should be kept low (below 35). Too many cycles will lead to appearance of non-specific bands in the gel.
- An extra 1 min denaturation cycle at 96°C or 97°C may be extremely useful for difficult templates.
- Roux KH. Genome Research. 1995. 4: S185-194.
- Korbie DJ and Mattick JS. Nature Protocols. 2008. 3(9). 1452 – 1456.


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The Greeks of Kazakhstan are mainly the descendants of Pontic Greek who were deported there by Joseph Stalin, from southern Russia and the Caucasus region, at first the Crimean Greeks on 1944, under the resolution 5984 of June 2, 1944. then the Caucasus (Greeks in Georgia and Greeks in Armenia, Greeks in Azerbaijan) Greeks on June 1949, Feb 1950, Aug 1950. The total number of deported persons was about 60,000 people.
Nowadays there are between 10 and 12 thousand ethnic Greeks living in Kazakhstan in 17 communities, which together with the Kyrgyzstan community make up the FILIA (friendship in Greek) Federation of Greek Communities of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The Federation prints a small newspaper, organizes dance events, and offers Greek language and dance classes. At the moment in Kazakhstan there are 6 ethnic Greek teachers funded by the General Secretariat of Greeks Abroad. Furthermore, Greek is taught by two teachers seconded from Greece.
|This Kazakhstan-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This Greece-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Microsoft Research Cambridge, public talks > Discursis: A Computational Methodology for the Analysis of Communication Data
Discursis: A Computational Methodology for the Analysis of Communication Data
Discursis is a new communication analytic technology that allows an analyst to visually examine and assess text based communication data. Discursis can be used to analyse conversations, web forums, social media, training scenarios, and many other individual and multi-party communication situations. Discursis automatically processes transcribed text to build a statistically grounded language model, and uses this language model to highlight participant interactions around specific topics over the time-course of the communication. Discursis can assist analysts in understanding the structure, information content, and inter-speaker relationships that are present within input data. In addition to rich descriptive visual outputs, Discursis also provides quantitative measures of key metrics, such as topic introduction; topic consistency; and topic novelty. In this talk I will showcase recent findings from the application of Discursis to a variety of datasets, including doctor/patient consultations, television broadcast interviews, audience panel discussion programs, and conversations with persons with language impairments.
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Characteristics of Change Agents
These individuals should be:
- Well respected among their peers
- Great communication skills
- Has a willing attitude to be trained if necessary
- Has the ability to coach and mentor other employees
- Shows empathy and is open and honest with employees
- Believes in the success of the initiative
Working with Change Agents
Once the Change Agent is chosen it is important that the Change Manager:
1. Introduce them to the Change team and staff.
2. Provide them with a background of the change initiative.
3. Outline their role, responsibilities and what is expected of them.
4. Allow the Change Agent to provide initial feedback on concerns or issues with the task at hand.
5. Let them take ownership of their responsibilities but monitor performance.
6. Invite them to meetings with the Change team.
7. Allow the Change Agent to provide feedback to the Change team on staff sentiment, successes and improvements they need to make on the change initiative.
8. Provide guidance as required and support and motivate these individuals.
9. Impress upon line management and the Change Team to publically acknowledge their contributions to the change initiative.
10. Capture lessons learnt from the Change Agent's perspective.
Working with Change Agent Networks
1. Encourage knowledge sharing in the Change Agent Network where successes and failures are shared for everyone's learning. This will help strengthen the strategy and hence the present change initiative and those in the future.
2. Utilise the Change Agent Network until the change is embedded, staff are comfortable and have adopted this new way of working i.e. Business as Usual is achieved.
Skilled Change Agents are a valuable resource to change initiatives so be sure to choose wisely, capitalise on their offerings and reward them for their efforts and contribution to the organisation.


text: The moon is a marvel. It pulls the tides and its phases help us track the passage of time. So let's knit a cowl inspired by the moon. We can pretend each stitch is a tiny handcrafted crater. We'll knit in the round, so the path of our stitches honors the moon's orbit. This cowl is double-sided (half black and half white) so that when you wear it, you can reverse it just the right amount to match the current phase of the moon.


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The benchmark class, also referred to as a "harness hook" is the actual program or script that defines the process of executing the benchmark. Every benchmark deployment requires a benchmark class. However, if your benchmark is written using the Faban harness, the class com.sun.faban.harness.DefaultFabanBenchmark2 will be your default harness hook and the benchmark class is optional. DefaultFabanBenchmark2 defines the process of how to run a benchmark written using the Faban driver framework. A benchmark class is annotated using annotations. They are defined in the package com.sun.faban.harness. Since annotations are not inherited when subclassed, we need to explicitly annotate the relevant methods if you extend DefaultFabanBenchmark2.
Your own benchmark class is only required if you are using a non-Faban benchmark or if you want to customize and control the behaviour of a Faban benchmark that is different from the default. The sample web101 benchmark includes a hook in src/samples/web1/harness/WebBenchmark.java. The hook is a java class that extends com.sun.faban.harness.DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and adds annotated methods to configure and post process the benchmark run. You can customize, configure or subclass the other annotated methods to include any additional tasks that need to be done prior to or after these operations. For example, if the benchmark requires that some script be executed (say to clean out some files) before the start of a run, the start() method can be modified to execute the script before calling super.start(). This can also be done in the method annotated with _USER_ (see the next section).
The benchmark class can be created in the package of your choice and must be placed into the Java source tree of your project. The provided build script will pick up all classes in the source tree and compile and package them properly for deploying into the Faban harness.
The benchmark class is implemented as a plain old Java object (Pojo) with annotated methods and referenced in the benchmark deployment descriptor benchmark.xml explained later under Benchmark Deployment. The benchmark annotations used for the benchmark class are defined in com.sun.faban.harness. The followings are the annotations used:
The method annotated with _USER_ is called for validating the benchmark configuration file. It is the first method called when the benchmark starts after initialization of the benchmark class. No other facility or remote Faban agents are started before or while the validate method is in progress. The validate method is used to validate the benchmark configuration to ensure that it is not only syntactically valid (done by the xml parser) but also semantically valid. It also the only place you may, edit, change, or complete the configuration file.
For integrations of existing benchmarks or workloads, it is a
practice to use XSL
stylesheets to translate the configuration file into the target
benchmark's configuration file. Thus it makes sense to translate the
configuration files in the validate method and this is
also a way to ensure the configuration file is correct. Such code can
be found in the SPECWeb2005
integration example provided in the samples directory of the
The method annotated with _USER_ is the one that gets called after the Faban infrastructure, including remote agents are set up. Having these in place allows you to make remote calls to configure or set up the benchmarking environment. This method is however called before the services, if any are started. The method implementation will commonly contain logic to prepare and reconfigure remote servers or other supporting processes to run the benchmark. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation to prepare your rig.
The method annotated with _USER_ is called just before starting the run. The method implementation will commonly contain calls to prepare and reload data required to run the benchmark, etc. Those functions will need all the services to be up and available. Off-line data reload may be better done in configure. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation.
The method annotated with _USER_ actually starts the benchmark driver. You will need to ensure all the driver processes on all driver systems get started, and - if feasible - enter the rampup state before returning from this method as the tools timer will get started immediately after this method terminates.
Generally, benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework will not need to override this method. However, in rare circumstances - such as starting processes not controlled by the driver framework, i.e. emulators, - you'll want to override this method. Just make sure you make a call to super.start().
The method annotated with _USER_ is called sometime after the
terminates. The implementation of the end method must wait for the
driver processes to terminate before proceeding.
The method annotated with _USER_ is called after the end method. This may do some post-processing of the benchmark and/or tools results. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation.
The method annotated with _USER_ is used by the Faban harness to signal premature termination of the benchmark. It provides the opportunity to cleanup after the benchmark run. Most commonly, the kill method is left empty. Processes started by Faban's execution facilities are automatically terminated, except for daemons or other server processes over which Faban does not have control. Such processes may require explicit termination calls.
The RunContext is the central point for getting information about the run. All methods in RunContext are static. We suggest a static import of all methods in this class:
Then you'll be able to call the RunContext without referring to the RunContext class, which looks just like function calls. You can use the RunContext to obtain information about the benchmark run as well as executing commands on local or remote agents.
The ParamRepository represents the XML configuration file and allows obtaining configuration parameters using an XPath pointing to the parameter. It also allows manipulating and modifying the configuration file (effective only in the validate method) and saving it back to the run using the setParameter and save methods. To obtain the ParamRepository, just call getParamRepository(). This is a method of the RunContext. With the static import above, the benchmark class can refer to this method without providing a reference to the RunContext class.
The ParamRepository provides several methods to access the XML structure within it. Most accesses require an XPath string to locate the parameter. It also provides methods that automatically parse list of strings in the elements, or even parse host:port pairs in the hostport fields frequently used for addressing server instances. Please refer to the ParamRepostory javadocs for more detail, and the configuration file documentation for specific fields used by different Faban components, such as the host:port fields.
The RunContext provides two sets of methods for execution: 1) The exec methods can be used to execute any operating system or shell command. 2) The java methods are used to execute java commands inheriting the classpaths and other java command line parameters from the Faban environment. Both methods make use of the Faban command infrastructure to remotely start processes and execute commands. To construct a command, you will need to create a new Command object. The Command object constructor takes 3 types of parameters:
For any given command, the execution search path for scripts and binaries are as follows, in order:
Please also note that the commands may be re-mapped on an OS-specific command map infrastructure. If a command is mapped, the result follows the search path above.
The command map allows mapping commands called by the Faban harness and the benchmark class to some OS-Specific commands. The command map file is an XML file located at the following location:
The following is an example command map file we use for Solaris. It resides in the $FABAN_HOME/config/SunOS/cmdmap.xml directory:


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Design and Implementation of VOD Database System
A database is an organized collection of data and the database data collection with DBMS is called a database system. A numerous database systems have been developed. In the authors' previous paper, they have introduced their design of database system for a VOD system. Now-a-days computing power of mobile terminals is utterly astonishing and playing video on them became popular. So, this paper extends the previous paper to mobile VOD and further discusses implementation of the design.


text:
Solnechnoye Water Temperature
7°C / 45°F
The measurements for the water temperature in Solnechnoye, St.-Petersburg are provided by the daily satellite readings provided by the NOAA. The temperatures given are the sea surface temperature (SST) which is most relevant to recreational users.
Monthly average water temp
Monthly average max / min water temperatures
The graph below shows the range of monthly Solnechnoye water temperature derived from many years of historical sea surface temperature data.
The warmest water temperature is in July with an average around 64.8°F / 18.2°C. The coldest month is February with an average water temperature of 31.1°F / -0.5°C.
7 day tide forecast for Solnechnoye
*These tide times are estimates based on the nearest accurate location (Port Kem, Russia) and may differ by up to half an hour depending on distance. Please note, the tide times given are not suitable for navigational purposes.


text:
The line fastened to the log (q.v.), and wound round a reel in the ship's gallery. The whole line (except some five fathoms next the log, called stray line) is divided into equal lengths called knots, each of which is marked with a piece of coloured tape or bunting. Suppose the captain wishes to know the rate of his ship; one of the sailors throws the log into the sea, and the reel begins to unwind. The length of line run off in half a minute shows the rate of the ship's motion per hour.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
More on Log-line from Infoplease:


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Usable with both PlayStation 1 and PlayStation 2 consoles, the original PlayStation controller remains a popular, vital accessory. Even as new consoles are readily available on the market, the PS2 and its accompanying original PlayStation controller remains the most widely purchased and used gaming system, according to MSNBC News. Unfortunately, some users new to the PS1 or PS2 craze may be unfamiliar with the controller's connectivity and interface. Luckily, using a PlayStation control isn't very difficult if you follow the right steps.
Consult the back of the PlayStation game's case to see if the game requires an "analog" controller. PlayStation controllers come in two varieties: standard and analog. The analog controllers feature two joysticks and a built-in "rumble pack," whereas the standard controllers are smaller and do not have any joysticks. Analog controllers will work with any PlayStation game, but standard controllers are not compatible with all games. If your game requires an analog controller, you must purchase this upgrade before you can play using a controller.
Plug the PlayStation controller's cable into the front of the PlayStation 1 or PlayStation 2 console. You must plug the controller into the "Player 1" spot for it to work correctly. You can only use the "Player 2" slot if there is already a controller in the first port. The "Player 1" slot is the leftmost controller port, and it is labeled with the number "1."
Turn on the PlayStation console. The system will automatically detect the new controller, making it ready for use.
Press the "Analog" button in the center of the console if the game you are playing requires an analog controller. You will see a small light turn on when you push this button, indicating that the joystick feature is engaged.
Consult your game's guide or an in-game help menu to learn the appropriate buttons for game play. Every PlayStation game requires the user to push different buttons during game play. To properly use your controller, you need to know which buttons the game utilizes. When learning the controller buttons, there is certain terminology you need to know: the arrow-keys are often referred to as the controller's "D-Pad;" the buttons on the right-hand side are referred to according to the square, circle, triangle, and "X" symbols on the buttons; lastly, the "trigger" buttons on the top left side are called "L1" and "L2," while the top right-hand side's triggers are "R1" and "R2."
In some rare occasions, PlayStation games make reference to an obscure "L3" or "R3" button. These are not actually independent buttons on the controller, but rather these terms describe the action of pressing down on an analog controller's joysticks as if the joysticks were themselves "buttons." "L3" is the term for pressing down on the left joystick and the right joystick is represented as the "R3" button.


text:
When Rhythm Flows
The literal translation of MUSICANVAS is "the canvas of music".
In this era where everyone purses individuality, there is a unique story behind each MUSICANVAS product. It is more than an interesting decorative item, a portable radio, or a Bluetooth speaker. As a music work of art with its own story, its changeable appearances and itself interprets the play attitude of young people. The antique-radio appearance and the modern artisan art jointly present the tactile quality of the old objects, and make a different visual impact for people.


Sun Studio 12: C++ User's Guide
2.4.1 Compile-Link Sequence
In the previous example, the compiler automatically generates the loader object files (file1.o, file2.o and file3.o) and then invokes the system linker to create the executable program for the file prgrm.
After compilation, the object files (file1.o, file2.o,and file3.o) remain. This convention permits you to easily relink and recompile your files.
Note –
If only one source file is compiled and a program is linked in the same operation, the corresponding.o file is deleted automatically. To preserve all.o files, do not compile and link in the same operation unless more than one source file gets compiled.


Suppose one has two locally finite quasivarieties $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{W}$.
Further suppose that:
 1. $\mathcal{V}$ is a variety.
 2. The finite algebras $\mathcal{V}_f$ are dually equivalent to $\mathcal{W}_f$.
Does it follow that $\mathcal{W}$ is also a variety?
Background: This question fits into the area of 'Natural duality'. I am hoping someone can provide a counterexample, or perhaps provide additional conditions.
Here is a way to manufacture such examples. Let $\mathcal{V}$ be a locally finite variety such that (i) $\mathcal{V}$-epis are surjective, (ii) $\mathcal{V}_f$ has an injective cogenerator $A$. Define the algebra $B$ to have the same carrier as $A$, its finitary operations between all $\mathcal{V}$-morphisms $A^n \to A$. Further define $\mathcal{W} := \mathcal{Q}(B) = \mathbb{S}\mathbb{P}(B)$ to be the quasivariety generated by $B$. Then $\mathcal{V}_f$ is dually equivalent to $\mathcal{W}_f$ via the contravariant hom-functors for $A$ and $B$, endowed with additional algebraic structure.
e.g. Let $\mathcal{V} = \mathsf{Vect}(\mathbb{F})$ for a finite field $\mathbb{F}$ and take $A = \mathbb{F}$. Then $\mathcal{W}$ is essentially $\mathcal{V}$ again, where every linear combination of variables is viewed as an operation.
Here is a counterexample.
Let $A = \langle \{0,1\}; d, s\rangle$ be the algebra on $\{0,1\}$ whose defining operations are the discriminator operation $d$ on $\{0,1\}$ and the "switch" ($s(0)=1$, $s(1)=0$). According to the NU Duality Theorem of natural duality theory, $A$ is dualizable, and the topological quasivariety dual to $\mathcal V:=SP(A)$ is $\mathcal W:=S_cP(\langle \{0,1\}; s, {\mathcal T}\rangle)$, where $\mathcal T$ is the discrete topology.
I am allowing the empty algebra, else the duality doesn't work out perfectly (empty is dual to singleton in both directions).
It follows from Jonsson's Lemma that $\mathcal V:=SP(A)$ is a variety, but it is easy to see that $\mathcal W_f$ is not the finite part of a variety. $\mathcal W_f$ is the finite part of the quasivariety of $\mathbb Z_2$-sets having no fixed points, while the variety generated by $\mathcal W_f$ contains all $\mathbb Z_2$-sets.
Your Answer


text:
Assemble Small Flying Geese Units
1. Use a pencil to mark a diagonal line on wrong side of each remaining assorted medium to dark print 1-1/2" square.
2. Align a marked assorted print square with one end of a white shirting 1-1/2x2-1/2" rectangle (Diagram 2). Stitch on marked line and trim seam allowance to 1/4". Press attached triangle open, pressing seam toward medium or dark print.
3. Align a second marked assorted print square with remaining end of Step 2 rectangle. Stitch, trim, and press as before to make a small Flying Geese unit (Diagram 2). The unit should be 2-1/2x1-1/2" including seam allowances.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to make eight small Flying Geese units total.


=head1 NAME Tangram::Type::Extending - teaching Tangram about new types =head1 DESCRIPTION Tangram::Type is the root of a hierarchy of classes that are responsible mapping individual field to SQL entities (columns in the simplest cases). There is one Type object per persistent field. Adding support for new types amounts to adding subclasses to Tangram::Type. =head1 WRITING NEW TYPES Tangram is organized in several subsystems, described below. Schema is the repository for information about all the persistent aspects of a system: classes, inheritance relationships, fields, etc. It also contains graph-traversal algorithms, which are not currently documented. Storage deals with objects as a whole: insertion, updating, multiple load detection, cycle handling, transactions, connections. It also serves as an entry point in the system. Storage does not manipulate fields directly. Cursor deals with polymorphic retrieval of objects. It builds SELECT statements on the basis of the information in the hash. Cursor does not manipulate fields directly either. The Type hierarchy deals with individual fields, and not with entire objects. More about it in a moment. The Expr hierarchy deals with entities on the remote side; this includes expressions proper, Filters and Remotes. Types are responsible for performing the mapping between a field of a given Perl type and a relational entity. The simplest Types merely transfer between one Perl field and one column. Sometimes it makes sense to have several mappings (and hence several Types) for the same Perl type; for example, Perl arrays can be mapped either using a link table, or one or several columns that live on the element's table. Users don't deal with Type objects directly: they indicate that a series of fields should be mapped in a certain way by putting the fields under a given 'typetag' in the field hash. The type registers itself with Tangram by adding a typetag in the %Tangram::Schema::TYPES hash. The value is the Type object. Up to now all Types have been singletons, but this is not a rule. Anybody who's planning to write new Types should examine Scalar.pm first. It contains very simple mappings between one field and one column. A Type must implement the methods described below. Keep the following facts in mind while reading further: 1. A Type is responsible for transfering all the *direct* fields for a given *class*. This excludes inherited fields. OTOH, the same Type can be called more than once for the same object, because the same Type may be used in several classes that appear in a particular object's inheritance graph. =head1 INSTANCE METHODS =head2 reschema reschema($self, $members, $class) This method is called when the schema hash is being converted into a Schema object. The Type finds all the fields it is responsible for mapping in the Perl structure refered by $members. The Type decides the exact format of this structure. =head2 get_export_cols get_export_cols($self, $context) Called when building INSERT and UPDATE statements; the Type returns a list of columns to be inserted in the statement. =head2 get_exporter get_exporter($self, $context) Called when building a function for reading the state of an object: the Type may return either a string or a closure. =head2 get_import_cols get_import_cols($self, $context) Called when building SELECT statements; the Type returns a list of columns to be inserted in the statement. =head2 get_importer get_importer($self, $context) Called when building a function for setting the state of an object: the Type may return either a string or a closure. =head2 remote_expr remote_expr($self, $obj, $tid, $storage) Called when building a Remote. The Type returns an Expr object. =head1 HANDLING ASSOCIATIONS Ref and Collections have in common that they don't load their controlled fields upfront. Their importer method ties the controlled fields to a package that will demand-load the final value of the field - if it's ever needed. The exact procedure for achieving this is not imposed by Tangram itself, in fact, a Type has the liberty of doing just anything it sees fit, if it can manage it with the arguments that it gets passed by the higher layer. Ref ties a field to the Lazy::Ref package, and Collections tie to Lazy::Coll. Ref and those collections that contain references to other objects must deal cycles. This can be done quite easily but I don't have to go into those details right now. Collections (of references of or values (the so-called 'flat' collections)) typically save their state when the demand-load is triggered. Later, when the collection is saved, the Collection compares the current field state (iow collection content) with the state at load time, and updates the database accordingly. Types that need to remember field state at load time should store it under $storage->{scratch}{TYPE_CLASS}, and typically under $storage->{scratch}{TYPE_CLASS}{OBJECT_ID}{FIELD}. Coll defines two utility functions to help manage load-time state: * set_load_state($self, $storage, $obj, $field, $state) Remember $state of the $field of $obj, retrieved from $storage. * get_load_state($self, $storage, $obj, $member) Retrieve that state.


text: A method for estimating the sideslip angle of a Formula SAE vehicle with torque vectoring is presented. Torque vectoring introduces large tire longitudinal forces which lead to a reduction of the tire lateral forces. A novel tire model is utilized to represent this reduction of the lateral forces. The estimation is realized using an extended Kalman filter which takes in standard sensor measurements. The developed algorithm is tested by simulating slalom and figure eight maneuvers on a validated VI-CarRealTime vehicle model. Results indicate that the algorithm is able to estimate the sideslip angle of the vehicle reliably on a high friction surface track.


text:
Air Balloon is a high quality model
The 3D model was created on real Air Balloon base.
- No special plugin needed to open scene.
- Correctly scaled accurate representation of the original objects.
- All colors can be easily modified.
- Model is fully textured with all materials applied.
- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.
- Every model has been checked with the appropriate software.


make sense to unit test database calls.
You should, however, integration test database calls (and you can use the same tools you use for unit testing if you want).
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On JDBC based project, JDBC connection can be mocked, so that tests can be executed without live RDBMS, with each test case isolated (no data conflict).
It allow to verify, persistence code passes proper queries/parameters (e.g. _URL_ and handle JDBC results (parsing/mapping) as expected ("takes in all the necessary bits and pieces to extract some data from the database, and returns the data in a DataTable object").
Framework like jOOQ or Acolyte can be used for: _URL_
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text:
A relic of a once prosperous past can be viewed near the shores of the Atlantic in Puerto Rico's Porta del Sol region. El Túnel de Guajataca stands as a remnant of the island's not so distant past when steam engines rolled into this tunnel and out, bridging the distance between opposing coasts with speeds hitherto unseen.
Begun by the Spanish in the late 19th Century and expanded further by the American Railroad Company of New York, the railroad facilitated the transport of sugarcane and passengers around the island. The trains that ran along the now disappeared tracks were an essential cog in the development of the sugarcane plantation economy that dominated Puerto Rico since the arrival of the United States in 1898 until the train's last ride on September 20th, 1953.
Now just a curiosity bored unto the side of the region's majestic karst hills, visitors can walk through the tunnel, following the old railroad's path along Quebradillas's rocky coast. A nearby beach offers the chance to gaze out into the endless horizon while surrounded by the forceful, crashing waves and the uninterrupted trade winds coming in from the open sea.


text:
Bhutan is a paradise for bird watchers. On the world scale, the country is recognized as forming the major part of an area of especially high biological diversity known as the Eastern Himalayan "Hot spot."
Over 770 bird species have been recorded in Bhutan so far and many more species are likely to occur. This is a large number for the size of the country.
There are ten bird species in Bhutan, which have been identified as globally threatened by Bird Life International. These include the Black-necked Crane, one of the World's rarest and least known cranes, which traditionally winters in Bhutan, the Rufous-necked Hornbill, Blyth's Tragopan, and Blyth 's King fisher, Ward's Trogon, the chestnut-breasted partridge, the white-bellied heron, Wood snipe and Pallas's Fish Eagle.
In addition, Bhutan is also home to winter visitors which breed farther north, such as migrant thrushes and for many breeding summer migrants including cuckoos and flycatchers. Most of Bhutan 's resident birds are Altitudinal migrants, which move up and down the mountains depending on the season and weather conditions. Bhutan may also be internationally important for 114 species, which may have significant breeding population in the country. These birds have breeding ranges, which are restricted to an area encompassing the Himalayas, northeast India, northern south East Asia and southwest China.


Excel SEARCH functions: Part Two: The SEARCH function
As explained in part one, the SEARCH function in Excel is very similar to FIND because it also returns the location of a substring in a text string.
The syntax and arguments are akin to those of FIND.
1 Syntax
=SEARCH (find_text, within_text, [start_num])
The breakdown of this is:
 - Find_text indicates the text to find.
 - Within_text indicates the text to search within.
 - Start_num is an optional argument that specifies from which position the search shall begin in the text. If omitted, the search starts from the 1st position in the text.
If the SEARCH function does not find the find_text character(s), a _TAG_! error is returned.
2 Difference with find function
 - Not case-sensitive.
 - Allows the use of wildcards in find_text (i.e. "?", "*" and "~").
 - "?" is used to find a single character.
 - "*" is used for match sequence.
 - If you want to search the "*" or "?" the use the "~" before character.
3 Examples
 1. Suppose you want to find the word "car" in "motorcar".
 The formula =SEARCH ("car"; "motorcar") returns 6 because the substring begins at the sixth character of the word "motorcar".
 2. Suppose you want to find the letter "e" in "Examples".
 The formula =SEARCH ("e"; "Examples") returns 1 because "e" is the first character in the word "Examples", ignoring the case. The default search position = 1. Suppose the formula was = SEARCH ("e"; "Examples";2). This returns 7 because the second "e" in the word "Examples" is the seventh character.
When a value is not found, the result will be an error. This was also the case in the FIND function. The function =SEARCH("F";"OPERAHOUSE") gives an error as result!
Figure 1: Examples in practice – SEARCH


text:
HETseminar: Alice Di Tucci
Speaker: Alice Di Tucci
Title: Path integrals and boundary conditions in quantum cosmology
Abstract: In this talk I will discuss the impact of various boundary conditions on the minisuperspace gravitational path integral. In this framework it is possible to go one step beyond the usual treatment of primordial fluctuations according to QFT in curved spacetime as the background universe can been given quantum mechanical properties too. I will argue that inflation is incomplete in explaining the origin of primordial perturbations and that the 'No boundary proposal', which was introduced by Hartle and Hawking as a theory of initial conditions for inflation, can be formulated as a path integral with boundary conditions of Robin type.


text:
Kids Mystery Parties
Easy for you
FUN for kids!
Break Open the Secret of Creating Your Own Crime Scene Mystery Parties
Crime Scene Buster is organized into Nine Steps. Follow the steps and you end up with a CSI mystery event. Some of the steps have three parts: basic, intermediate and advanced. You only need to do the basic steps. If you are interested in more elaborate mystery parties and/or the mechanics of putting it together, then read the intermediate and advanced sections. The intermediate and advanced sections are not necessary to this book but I feel so passionate and excited about mysteries, that once I start on the topic, I have a hard time stopping!
THE CRIME for children's mystery parties is usually about something being stolen. The stolen item is found at the end of the game. A different crime can be used if you wish. We will use a theft for the crime example but you can just as easily pick a murder for parties with older participants. The format remains the same.
This format is based solely on clues found at the crime scene. Figuring out who had the motives, methods, and opportunity to commit the crime is a more complicated structure and not covered in this book. This book is all about the clues.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Ultimately from Latin dēsōlātiō.
desolation (plural desolations)
- The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation.
- The state of being desolated or laid waste; ruin; solitariness; destitution; gloominess.
- A place or country wasted and forsaken.
Middle French
desolation f (plural desolations)


While working on a number of classifieds websites I have encountered an interesting phenomenon, which I would like to share with you. I have called it "landing page lifecycle", and in this case it concerns ad details pages on classifieds websites. However, I think that it applies to any landing page of temporary character (like news, articles, discussions).
Traffic patterns for date-sensitive landing pages
During the advanced analysis of the traffic sources and landing pages for one of the classifieds websites (Morusek.pl) I have noticed that the traffic once gathered around a single ad details page eventually decreases in time. It is even more visible, if you gather the traffic for a number of pages that were created in a short period of time. Below, you'll find some examples:
Non-paid search traffic through pages (ads) created between June the 13th and June the 21st, 2011:
Non-paid search traffic through pages (ads) created between May the 29th and June the 6st, 2011:
Non-paid search traffic through pages (ads) created between May the 13th and May the 21st, 2011:
As you can see, the behavior is very similar for different date intervals. In all the above-mentioned examples the traffic first sharply increases, reaches its maximum, and then gradually decreases to 15%-20% of the initial weekly numbers.
I have also combined the data for 10 different sets of dates to obtain more objective general trends:
And again, there's almost instantaneous traffic increase and just after a week it starts decreasing. Firstly very fast, then it slows down. After one month there's only 30%-40% traffic left. After two months it is only 20%. After 3-4 months the traffic decreases to ca. 10%-15% of the initial values.
Behavior analysis
Of course there is no mystery behind such a rapid traffic increase at the beginning. It takes Google up to 24 hours until an ad gets indexed and just after that time it can be ranked and gain the traffic. But why is the traffic decreasing?
If we analyse the traffic page by page and phrase by phrase, we can find the three following types of behavior for every time-sensitive landing page.
The survivors
As we can see from the above graphs, the traffic decreases down only to reach some value. Usually it is 10-15% within 4-6 months. It means that there must be some landing pages that somehow resist the decrease. Those are the pages that are either linked from external sources and manage to gain good link popularity, or those that are optimized for keywords of very low competition. Below there is an example of the traffic for 5 landing pages (above) and 5 corresponding groups of key phrases (below).
External competition
Some landing pages are not so fortunate. They are optimized for phrases that are quite competitive and it may appear that just after several days there are similar ads created on other websites. As a result old pages loose rankings because the other are more up-to-date. In this case both the traffic for selected landing pages and the number of visits for related keywords decrease to 0:
Internal keyword cannibalization
There is also a third type of landing pages. These ads are optimized for phrases that are competitive also in case of other pages within the website. If Google finds a new page that is optimized for the same phrase, it selects the more up-to-date page for SERPs. As a result the traffic for the old landing pages decreases, however the traffic for related phrases remains on the same level:
The above-mentioned data is a good example of how Google promotes fresh pages on SERPs and how that influences the turnover of landing pages and the traffic. However, it also shows how "fragile" the time-sensitive landing pages are. They can drive the traffic for 2-3 weeks, and then they are gone, substituted by fresh ones.


text:
Experimental Investigation of Turbulence under the Influence of Confinement and Rotation.
Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik
[Ph.D. Thesis], (2010)
Available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives.
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|Item Type:||Ph.D. Thesis|
|Title:||Experimental Investigation of Turbulence under the Influence of Confinement and Rotation|
In this thesis shear-free turbulence under the influence of confinement and rotation has been analyzed experimentally via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV). The measurements have been carried out in a water tank placed on a rotating table in which the flow is mechanically forced from the top by an oscillating grid. 3D-PTV measurements were conducted in two different volume sizes, namely a large observation volume allowing to capture the large scale motions of the flow and a small observation volume, in which the spatial resolution was sufficient to assess all nine components of the velocity gradient tensor. One of the main achievements of this work is the simultaneous measurement in the large and small observation volume using two synchronized PTV systems and two types of seeding particles. The spreading of turbulence has been investigated experimentally for three different cases, i.e. (i) free turbulent diffusion and spreading of turbulence under (ii) the influence of confinement and (iii) rotation and compared to the theoretical results of Oberlack and Günther (2003). In particular, for case (i) we observe that the turbulent/non-turbulent interface propagates according to a power law, H ∝ t^n, where n is estimated to be n=0.6 ± 0.1. For case (ii) we confirm that the behavior changes to a logarithmic law with H ∝ ℓ_c ln(t−t_0)+y_0. Finally, for case (iii) we confirm the theory only in the sense that turbulence remains confined within a finite domain. The flow was observed to change drastically under the influence of rotation. In particular it was found that the 3D turbulent flow remains confined to a distances y < y∗ and becomes quasi-2D for larger distances from the grid. The analysis of the region between the 3D and quasi-2D flow shows that the transition from one flow state to the other is more gradual and not as abrupt as for the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, which occurs in the free turbulent diffusion without rotation. The study of the alignments, which are formed by the rotation confirms that the quasi-2D regime is dominated by columnar vortices. A closer examination has demonstrated that this region can be divided into three parts: (i) the core of the vortex columns, (ii) the outer region of the vortex columns and (iii) the flow in-between the columnar structures. Fluid is transported upwards in cyclones and downwards in anticyclones due to Ekman pumping, while the velocity is primarily orientated normal to the rotation axis in the outer regions of the vortex columns and hence exhibits a quasi-2D flow pattern. In the intermediate region the flow remains three-dimensional. Both enstrophy and strain were found to be depleted under the influence of rotation. High levels of enstrophy seem to be confined to the regions of the vortex cores while regions of high strain are predominately located in the intermediate region. Vortex stretching also occurs less frequently and the ratio of vortex stretching to compression changes and can become even smaller than one within the columnar vortices. Also, the positive skewness of the Λ2-PDF, which is characteristic for 3D-turbulence is nearly vanished in the quasi-2D regime. It was also found that generally these effects become stronger with angular velocity.
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||turbulence, confinement, rotation, Particle Tracking Velocimetry|
|Classification DDC:||500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 500 Naturwissenschaften
500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften
|Divisions:||Fachbereich Maschinenbau > Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik|
|Date Deposited:||25 May 2010 08:39|
|Last Modified:||07 Dec 2012 11:57|
|License:||Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0|
|Referees:||Tropea, Prof. Dr.- Cameron and Kinzelbach, Prof. Dr.- Wolfgang|
|Refereed:||31 March 2010|
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text:
Data set ID:
We conducted a "home vs. away" plant-soil feedback greenhouse experiment using two C3 grass species (Bromus inermis and Pascopyrum smithii) grown in soil collected from Konza Prairie. We used a closed-circuit CO2 trapping method and isotopic analysis to differentiate between root-derived and SOM-derived CO2 production. We investigated how soil chemistry and soil bacterial communities differed in soils with a history of B. inermis vs soils with a history of P. smithii.
Monday, January 30, 2023
Monday, June 1, 2015 to Monday, May 1, 2017


Monitoring and Evaluation
The Breakdown: How do we monitor and evaluate impact?
Performance management and the evaluation of our effectiveness are critical to AALEAD's success and sustainability. Our programs focus on three outcome areas: Educational Empowerment, Identity, and Leadership. We set goals for each outcome area and track specific activities (outputs) for every youth enrolled in programs to make sure all youth are provided the opportunities and activities that we believe will impact outcomes.
Ways we gather data:
 - Conducting frequent reflection activities with youth to collect youth feedback and learn what worked and what needs improvement
 - Recording program attendance to monitor the number of youth participating in each program activity, workshop, or event and accessing the opportunities we provide to track our progress in reaching AALEAD program goals
 - Collecting youth report cards to monitor academic progress and identify any youth who may be facing academic challenges to provide individualized support
 - Reviewing monthly mentor logs completed by mentors to monitor mentoring pairs' progress toward reaching AALEAD program goals
 - Administering preand post-program surveys for school year programs, as well as administering satisfaction surveys to youth and guardians to measure the outcomes of our programming. Our preand postsurveys use measures from PerformWell, a database of survey tools, that we chose in consultation with staff from Child Trends, a research organization.
The process of collecting and reviewing data is ongoing throughout the year, with staff inputting data into our data management software, Apricot. Data entered into Apricot is reviewed at supervisory 1-on-1 meetings and monthly programs meetings to assess staff progress toward reaching goals, identify any weaknesses in program implementation, and flag any individual youth who may need additional support.
The Build Up: Why do we monitor and evaluate impact?
With the data AALEAD collects each year, we are able to evaluate our process, determine how faithfully we follow our program model and how many youth completed all of the activities that we provided. We are able to examine if there are patterns in activity gaps or in youth who did not participate in specific activities. We also examine youth and parent satisfaction, self-reported outcomes, and with the preand post-program surveys and comparisons to previous years, we look for hints at how our programs may be impacting youth outcomes. Of course, many other factors influence youth outcomes and we are trying to determine AALEAD's specific impact. Currently, data specific to low-income and underserved Asian Pacific American youth is sparse. AALEAD is in a unique position to meet the specific needs of our target youth, including needs bound by cultural differences and language barriers that are going unmet and under the radar. We collect this data now to build a database for future research. In the near future, we hope to have a professional evaluator examine cohorts of our youth, triangulate, and help us to determine what specific activities have the greatest impact on our youth. AALEAD uses performance management results to continuously improve our programs and ensure we are reaching all youth who are in need.
Email Newsletters with VerticalResponse


What Time Is It? History and Typology of Time Signals From the Telegraph to the Digital
Maria Rikitianskaia, Gabriele Balbi
Time signals provide a sense of "despatialized simultaneity," a rhythm to the everyday lives of billions of people, and experiences of liveness. This article offers a history of time signals from the 19th to the 21st centuries, identifying three typologies: scheduled time signals, sent mainly by radio and TV; on-demand, such as those of the speaking clock; and automatized, transmitted by the Network Time Protocol for digital devices. The article stresses the importance of time signals in media history and the significance of an infrastructural network of timekeeping/timesharing for the functioning of media themselves.
time signals, media history, media and time, media content, infrastructure, telephone, broadcasting, liveness
Full Text:


text:
Welcome to the student section of the URC website. Here you will find information and resources needed to register and prepare for presenting at the URC.
The UNH URC is for all undergraduates, from all majors. The benefits for you as an undergraduate are many, such as:
- Developing a close, focused relationship with a faculty mentor.
- Participating in one of the largest undergraduate research conferences in the country, which is a great addition to your resume.
- Sharing your research with friends and family, in a professional conference setting.
You will need the following information to register:
- The title of your presentation.
- Your faculty mentor's name ("Adviser").
- The event(s) at which you will be presenting.
- Information for other presenters ("Authors") including user name, major, class/rank and home town/home state.
- COLSA URC registrants ONLY: an abstract that does not exceed 1,500 characters.
First, talk with your faculty adviser about presenting at the URC. Next, review the information on this web site and register your presentation.
If you have questions, please review the Student FAQs or contact Laura Perille.


Tyre Deflators
TRAILHEAD Automatic Tyre Deflators will automatically reduce the air pressure in a tyre to a predetermined level and stop, preventing any further loss of air from the tyre. They will function properly whether your vehicle is stationery or traveling at speeds of around 30km per hour or less.
Trailhead Automatic Tyre Deflators
The shut off pressure on your tyres may vary due to several factors, especially the flow rate of your valve stems.
1. Turn adjusting screw with a 5/32" allen wrench counter clockwise until it is even with the end of the body tube. This will set pressure at the lowest end of the adjustment range. Every complete turn clockwise will increase pressure approximately 1.5psi for the 5-20psi
range, and 3psi for the 15-40psi range.
2. Turn the adjustment screw clockwise the desired number of turns and follow "OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS".
3. If tyres have not deflated to the proper value, make minor adjustments to the adjustment screw, re-inflate and re-test. Some experimentation may be necessary to find the exact setpoint. This process goes quickly if a small spare tire (i.e. wheel barrel tyre, ATV tyre, etc.) is for use during the adjustment process. This process should take about 15 minutes as opposed to over an hour using a full size off road tyre.
NOTE: In order for deflators to reliably begin operation, tyres must be inflated to a pressure approximately twice the setpoint, e.g. If the deflators are set to shut off at 10 psi, tyres must be inflated to approximately 20 psi or greater.
1. Remove valve caps and replace with one tyre deflator on each tyre.
2. Wait until deflators are finished deflating and remove them from the valve stems.
3. Check pressure and make any adjustments to tyre pressure or deflators setpoint as necessary.
Consistency is more important than accuracy. Usually it is more important to have both tyres on a given axle deflated to the same pressure than to be exactly at the setpoint. Be sure to make every measurement the same way, every time. Consistency and repeatability are greatly improved when the valves on all four tires are from the same manufacturer and lot. This will minimize differences in the rate of flow from tire to tire that cause inconsistent readings.
1. Remove adjustment screw & spring while noting the number of turns the adjustment screw was inserted. Remove ball valve by blowing air into the knurled end of the deflator. Keep one hand over the open end to catch the ball and prevent loss. Make every effort to keep the components of each deflator together for reassembly later.
2. Thoroughly clean inside the deflator's bore with a Q-tip and rubbing alcohol, then compressed air. Clean all components with rubbing alcohol and compressed air.
3. Apply a fine coating of a high quality, heavy silicone or teflongrease or Vaseline, or a similar lubricant to each ball valve.
4. Insert the stem of the ball valve into one end of the spring and slide this assembly into the deflator, ball end first.
5. Install adjustment screw (the same number of turns before it was disassembled).


audio to another user. This indicates that the snap has been successfully sent. The red square appears when you receive a snap (picture/video) that does not contain audio. This helps the user know if they need to mute their speakers or not.
The red empty arrow indicates that the snap has been viewed by the person.
Purple square / full arrow / empty arrow
Similarly, when you send a video with audio you receive a purple arrow when it goes through. The purple square appears when you receive a snap that contains audio. This helps the user know if they need to mute their speakers or not.
The empty purple arrow indicates that the snap has been viewed by the person.
Blue square / full arrow / empty arrow
Blue indicates text (not video or picture). A blue arrow appears when you send a text message to a user. The blue square appears when you receive a text message from a person.
When the user opens the message to read it, the arrow will turn empty.
We hope this article has helped you better understand Snapchat and what goes on in the app. If you have any queries, feel free to reach out in the comments below.
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10. addr2line
addr2line ['-b' bfdname|'--target='bfdname]
 ['-e' filename|'--exe='filename]
 ['-f'|'--functions'] ['-s'|'--basename']
 ['-H'|'--help'] ['-V'|'--version']
 [addr addr...]
addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers. Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated with a given address.
The executable to use is specified with the '-e' option. The default is the file 'a.out'.
addr2line has two modes of operation.
-b bfdname
Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See section 9. c++filt, for more information on demangling.
-e filename
Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be translated. The default file is 'a.out'.
Display function names as well as file and line number information.
Display only the base of each file name.
This document was generated on May 3, 2002 using texi2html