Tuesday, December 29, 2015
"Antiques" from Syria: U.S. Cultural Property Import Stats Raise Suspicion
Imports of Syrian goods into the United States have fallen dramatically since war broke out in the Mideast nation in 2011 and since the White House expanded the Syria Sanctions Program. Yet, despite the decline in U.S. imports from Syria, there are now disquieting trade statistics from 2014--the most recent complete data available--that should stir the attention of customs officials, police, and policymakers concerned about looted archaeology, stolen mosaics, and illicitly excavated coins trafficked illegally into the U.S.
Overall, America imported about $429.3 million worth of declared goods from Syria in 2010. Last year, that total collapsed to roughly $12.4 million, a stark decline over the five year period.
Moving in the opposite direction for a period of time were U.S. imports of antiques over 100 years old from Syria, which spiked to $11 million in 2013, a spectacular 133% increase in declared customs value over the previous year. While this figure noticeably fell last year to roughly $4.9 million, the value is similar to the $4.7 million worth of imported antiques recorded in 2012.
The 2014 statistic on antiques is striking because the five year trend line for imports of Syrian antiques failed to fade to black like other U.S. imports of Syrian goods. Instead, as the graphic above demonstrates, antiques constituted a decidedly large slice of the American import pie last year. They accounted for a whopping 40% of the value of all imports of every kind from Syria. In fact, goods classified by importers as Antiques of an Age Exceeding 100 Years under Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) 9706 were the #1 import into the U.S. from Syria. There simply was no other import category that ranked higher in value than antiques, including the #2 import of Syrian anise and cumin seeds and juniper berries classified under HTS 0909.
Notably, every Syrian import classified as an HTS 9706 antique was shipped to the customs district of New York City, the location of one of the largest and most important art and antiquities markets in the world.
What we do not know is what kind of objects these "antiques" were. They may have been at-risk archaeological objects like cuneiform tablets or ancient pottery, deliberately mislabeled by smugglers as being "of an age exceeding 100 years." Customs officials need to find out.
Enforcement officials also need to investigate the #3 American import from Syria in 2014, commodities classified by a code smugglers might use to disguise imports of ancient mosaics. Mosaics, of course, are architectural features made of stone, glass, and/or ceramic. They are spotlighted in the International Council of Museum's Emergency Red List of Syrian cultural property, which is why the import of $1.4 million worth of HTS 6802 goods--11% of the total value of all Syrian imports to the U.S.--is concerning. HTS 6802 is intended to cover worked monumental or building stone; mosaic cubes of natural stone; and artificially colored granules, chippings and powder of natural stone. Yet the code may have been used by traffickers to unlawfully classify 5th century mosaics.
Together, the declared imports of HTS 9706 and HTS 6802 goods accounted for 51% of the total imports of all Syrian commodities by value in 2014, a striking statistic that simply cannot be overlooked by cultural property watchers focused on spotting trafficked heritage objects that may have illegally piggybacked on legitimate international trade.
Classified by HTS 9705 and amounting to approximately $303,000, collections of historical and archaeological material of Syrian origin was the #5 import by value in 2014. This number was almost a triple increase from the $118,000 imported the year before.
Looking deeper into this trade category, we find that the bulk of HTS 9705 imports from Syria to the United States consisted of Numismatic (Collectors') Coins, Except Gold, classified by HTS 9705.00.0060, having a declared import value of approximately $265,000, which was a quarter of a million dollar jump from the exiguous value of $12,064 declared in 2013. Just like imports of Syrian antiques, every Syrian collectors' coin declared under this HTS category went through the New York City customs district. Were these coins ancient Roman, Byzantine, or Islamic like the ones identified on the Red List? Customs enforcement officials need to find out.
Given the reasonable articulable suspicion that Syrian cultural contraband may be moving to the U.S. through ordinary channels of international trade, police and customs investigators are justified in scrutinizing import paperwork and asking detailed questions of importers and customs brokers that will confirm or dispel this suspicion. To protect cultural heritage in jeopardy, to defend against money laundering, and to protect against terror financing in Syria, it is vital to know exactly what cultural property has been shipped to the U.S. from Syria under the HTS 9705, 9706, and 6802 classifications and why heritage goods makes up such a large portion of imported Syrian commodities.
Data source: CHL compiled, arranged, and assessed the import figures presented here using raw data collected by the U.S. International Trade Commission and the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Copyright notice: Although the data presented here is sourced from publicly available information, it is an original work of authorship that has been carefully selected, coordinated, arranged, and analyzed so that it is an original work of authorship subject to copyright protection as a compilation and/or a derivative work by CHL. The publication, retransmission, or broadcast of this compiled data is strictly prohibited without CHL's express consent.
Note: Import data is reported to U.S. Customs and Border Protection by the owner, purchaser, or licensed broker of the consignee. They file the entry documents, not the customs officials who are unable to inspect and document every cargo shipment. So whether cultural commodities are properly classified as HTS 9705 archaeological material or HTS 9706 antiques is the responsibility of the importer. In fact whether imports are falsely classified so that they can be smuggled across the border or whether they are mistakenly classified because of an error in judgment is a function of the importing party. The import classification process is a self-reporting system, part of a shared compliance program overseen by U.S. Customs that obliges the trade community to regulate itself and follow federal law. Shared compliance allows the U.S. to competitively engage the world in global commerce. Smugglers, nevertheless, will try to exploit gaps and loopholes.
Text copyrighted 2015 by Cultural Heritage Lawyer, a blog commenting on matters of cultural property law, art law, cultural heritage policy, antiquities trafficking, and museum risk management. Blog url: culturalheritagelawyer.blogspot.com. Any unauthorized reproduction or retransmission of any blog post without the express written consent of CHL is prohibited. CHL is a service of Red Arch Cultural Heritage Law & Policy Research, Inc.


Neha Patil (Editor)
Updated on
Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit
Dissolution 19th century
Cadet branches House of Drago-Bučić
Country Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Republic of Ragusa
Founded before 1308 (Serbian nobility) January 1336 (Ragusan nobility)
The Buća (in Italian Bucchia) was a noble family that served the Republic of Ragusa, and one of the most important families to come out of Kotor. A cadet branch was admitted to the nobility of the Republic of Ragusa, another branch moved instead to Šibenik.
The family is known in Serbo-Croatian sources as Buća (Cyrillic: Бућа), but also as Bućić or Bučić. In Latin, Italian and French sources they are known in a variet of forms, mostly Bucchia or de Bucchia, but also Buchia, Buche, Buchi, Buchie, de Bucha, de Buchia, de Bucho, de Buça, Boce o Buca. Other scarcely found versions in Serbo-Croatian include Buča and Bućin.
Origin and early history
The family name seems to derive from the medieval name Buchius or Bucchius reported both in Dalmatia and earlier in various Italian locations. The first Bučić to be in the archives is a Jakov Bučić present in Kotor in 1186.
Service in Serbia
The first known Buća was Tripe Mihov (Trifun Buća, Трифун Бућа). Kotoran families held high offices in the Serbian court, and the most notable was the Buča family, while the most notable individual was Nikola Buća. Nikola and Toma Pavlov, another notable Kotoran, traded in salt.
The Buća were among the wealthiest and most powerful of Kotor (Kingdom of Serbia and Serbian Empire). Founded later with the House of Drago, it gave rise to one of the most important families in the region: the House of Drago-Bučić.
Service in the Republic of Ragusa
A branch of the family moved to Sibenik in 1449, while another branch had earlier moved to Dubrovnik in the 14th century. The latter, between 1440 and 1640 counted 30 members of the Great Council, representing 1.36% of total. In these two hundred years, they also got 27 senatorial positions (1.36%), five Rectors of the Republic (0.21%), five members of the Minor Council (0.23%), but were never Guards Justice.
Kotoran branch became extinct in the 17th century, the Dubrovnik in the 19th century, but it seems that the branch from Šibenik still survives in Italy.
 - Nikola Buća (14th century), protovestiarios of Serbian Emperor Stephen Dušan (r. _PHONE_). It seems he was the first member of the family to be admitted to the Ragusan nobility, as requested by the Emperor.
 - Jeronim Bučić (16th century) - From Kotor, was Bishop of local diocese since 1581. He edited an adaptation of The Life of St. Tryphon, adding four hymns.
 - Vincenc and Dominik Bučić (16th century) - Brothers from Kotor, both Dominicans, were popular theologians, leaving several published and unpublished writings. The second was the confessor of Blessed Osanna of Cattaro and General Vicar for Dalmatia.
 - Vincenc Bučić (17th century) - Bishop of Kotor from 1622 to 1656.
 - References
 Buća Wikipedia
 Similar Topics
 Bua, Varberg Municipality
 Bua (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
 Bua Airport


text:
Photon transmission through the IGM
The intervening neutral hydrogen in the IGM diminishes the
light of a distant source, such as a galaxy or QSO. As a result, the
spectrum, and hence the colours, of the distant object will be
modified. There are two principle effects: the scattering of photons
passing through the hydrogen Lyman resonance lines, and the
photoelectric absorption of photons with energies above the
photoionisation threshold of neutral hydrogen (13.6eV). Most of the
resonance line scattering is due to the baryonic structures which give
rise to the Lyα forest,
while most of the photoeletric absorption is due to rarer Lyman Limit
Systems (LLSs), systems optically thick at the Lyman edge. The
attenuation of a background source by the IGM may be characterised by
transmissivity function exp(-τeff), where τeff
is the effective optical depth of the IGM, and is a function of
observed wavelength and the redshift of the source.
A table of emissivity values is given here.
The colours of high redshift sources
The colours of high redshift objects will be altered by the transmissivity of the IGM. Estimates for the number densities of galaxies and QSOs detected in photometric surveys must take into account the effect of the IGM on the colours to infer the true populations.
A Java GUI that computes the amount of intergalactic extinction due to scattering and absorption by neutral hydrogen in the IGM and its effect on galaxy colours is available here. A tarball of the code may be downloaded from tarball.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fast Legato Rock Technique #4 (Guitar Lesson RO-014) How to play
Obtén el codi d'incrustació
1 llengua
Justin's Completely Free, Rock Guitar Lessons. This is Lesson RH-014. Lesson 8.
OK. Now that you have the cycling patterns down on strings 3/4 it's time to apply them to all the strings in the G major 3nps pattern and get really rockin'. Take your time, take it easy.
Find the related course notes on the following link:
Taught by Justin Sandercoe.
Have fun :)


text:
The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) is the competent national authority in the area of radiation protection and nuclear safety in Norway. The NRPA was created in 1993 through the consolidation of the former Nuclear Energy Safety Authority with the National institute of Radiation Hygiene.
The NRPA is responsible for:
- overseeing the use of radioactive substances and fissile material
- coordinating contingency plans against nuclear accidents and radioactive fallout
- monitoring natural and artificial radiation in the environment and at the workplace
- increasing our knowledge of the occurrence, risk and effects of radiation
The Radiation Protection Authority is organized under the ministry of Health and Care Services. It provides assistance to all ministries on matters dealing with radiation, radiation protection and nuclear safety.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Subdividing Land
« Back
Reconfiguring a lot
Any changes to the boundaries of land are called "reconfiguring a lot". This generally includes:
 - subdiving a lot
 - amalgamating 2 or more lots
 - rearranging the boundaries of a lot
 - dividing land into separate parts by agreement, including a lease for a term, including renewal options, exceeding 10 years
What is subdivision
Under the Planning Act 2016, all subdivision is called "reconfiguring a lot".
Most subdivisions need planning approval from Goondiwindi Regional Council. You need to apply for approval for reconfiguring a lot to subdivide land.
Proposed subdivisions are assessed according to the relevant planning scheme to ensure that lots:
 - have an appropriate size and shape for a home or other use
 - have minimal impacts on surrounding land uses
You will need to use a land surveyor and possibly other specialists to subdivide land. If the reconfiguring a lot application is approved, you will need to have the plan of survey approved by the Council. You must then arrange for the plans to go to the Queensland Titles Office within the Department Resources to be registered. After the survey plan is registered, separate titles are then created for each lot.
There will be costs to connect any new lots to Council infrastructure such as water and sewerage. In addition to the connection costs, you may be required to pay a contribution towards other Council services such as parks and gardens.


text:
I'm just curious, I was looking at this question with a view to answer it, and suddenly the Community bot deleted it for abuse/spam. It didn't seem like either; it was just a regular question. Does anyone know why?
(Possible duplicate of Why is this answer "spam or offensive"?, but I don't have the tools personally to determine if it's the same cause.)
The question used to read, immediately before deletion and censorship,
How on earth do you graph $2 x^3 - 3 x^2 - 36 x + 7$ by hand?
I found this equation in a maths textbook that asked me to graph it, so to do so I tried to factor it. I used two different online calculators that couldn't do it either.
But I graphed it on Mathematica on turns out you can graph it?


What Is Another Word For Cognitive Impairment?
What is the definition of cognitive thinking?
These cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving.
1 These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning..
What is the medical term for impairment?
(im-pār'mĕnt) Physical or mental defect at the level of a body system or organ. The official World Health Organization definition reads any loss of psychological, physiologic, or anatomic structure or function. Medical Dictionary for the Dental Professions © Farlex 2012.
What is the difference between mental and cognitive?
As adjectives the difference between cognitive and mental is that cognitive is relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions while mental is of or relating to the mind or an intellectual process.
What is another word for Cognitive?
What is another word for cognitive?cerebralmentalpsychologicalintellectualintrapersonalperceptiverationalthinkingintellectivereasoning19 more rows
How do you describe cognitive impairment?
What does cognition mean in English?
adjective. of or relating to cognition; concerned with the act or process of knowing, perceiving, etc. : cognitive development; cognitive functioning. of or relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes.
What is impairment example?
Is Cognition the same as intelligence?
Cognitive abilities can be trained and improved. Intelligence is a score on a test that stays relatively static in adulthood. Cognitive processes dealing with novelty (fluid intelligence) are just as important as acquired knowledge (crystallized intelligence). It takes both to keep your mental edge.
What is another word for impairment?
What is another word for impairment?conditiondisabilitydamagedefectdeficiencydestructiondeteriorationdiminishingdisablementdisorder79 more rows
What is opposite of cognitive?
Opposite of relating to the mind. nonmental. physical. tangible. corporeal.
Which comes first affect or cognition?
Historically, it has been assumed that affect is "post-cognitive." This means that affect occurs as a result of (and therefore after) cognition. In 1980, Zajonc proposed a "separate systems" view of affect which challenged this basic assumption.
What is the everyday word for cognition?
Synonyms & Near Synonyms for cognition. observation, perception, reflection.
What are the 8 cognitive skills?
Cognitive Skills: Why The 8 Core Cognitive CapacitiesSustained Attention. … Response Inhibition. … Speed of Information Processing. … Cognitive Flexibility and Control. … Multiple Simultaneous Attention. … Working Memory. … Category Formation. … Pattern Recognition.
How can I improve my cognitive skills?
Discover five simple, yet powerful, ways to enhance cognitive function, keep your memory sharp and improve mental clarity at any age.Adopt a growth mindset. … Stay physically active. … Manage emotional well-being. … Eat for brain health. … Restorative sleep.
What is the meaning of asset impairment?
An asset is impaired if its projected future cash flows are less than its current carrying value. … When an impaired asset's carrying value is written down to market value, the loss is recognized on the company's income statement in the same accounting period.


text:
Press freedom leads to happiness and environmental quality
Freedom of the press is viewed by many as a cornerstone of democracy. But can it actually help improve people's lives and make them happy? Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that citizens of countries with press freedom tend to be much happier than citizens of countries without free presses. Edson Tandoc, Jr., a doctoral student in the MU School of Journalism, says that press freedom directly predicts life satisfaction across the world.
"We already know that having reliable, objective news sources can benefit democracy, but in this study, we found that press freedom also benefits communities by helping improve the overall quality of life of citizens and, in the process, by also making them happier," Tandoc said. "People enjoy having an element of choice about where they get their news. Citizens of countries without a free press are forced to rely on the government for information, when what people really want is diversity in content where they are free to get the information they want from the source of their choosing."
Tandoc and his co-author, Bruno Takahashi from Michigan State University, analyzed data from 161 countries using a 2010 Gallup Poll evaluating happiness levels around the world. Tandoc and Takahashi compared those happiness levels with Freedom House's press freedom index which rates the level of each country's press freedom. They also examined human development statistics gathered by the United Nations as well as the Environmental Performance Index created by researchers at Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. Tandoc found that the more press freedom a country enjoyed, the higher the levels of life satisfaction, or happiness, of its citizens tended to be.
"The road to happiness isn't direct; it is a complex path or web that includes many different influences and interrelationships," Tandoc said. "Things like improving the economy alone are insufficient for increasing happiness. Protecting press freedom is also an important component of the happiness web."
Tandoc also found that countries with higher levels of press freedom enjoyed better environmental quality and higher levels of human development, both of which also contribute to life satisfaction. He credits this to the watchdog function of the press, which helps expose corruption of all levels in a community.
"A country with a free press is expected to be more open about what is wrong in their societies and with their environments," Tandoc said. "A free press is likely to report about poor human conditions and environmental degradation, bringing problems to the attention of decision-makers. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that press freedom is positively related to both environmental quality and human development."
This study was published in the Social Indicators Research journal and presented at the International Communication Association 2012 conference in Phoenix.


_USER_ {50881, title = {A dynamic cone penetrometer for measuring soil penetration resistance}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {66}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, month = {July 1, 2002}, pages = {_PHONE_}, abstract = {
Recognition of the importance of soil compaction is increasing, but instrument cost, measurement repeatability and data interpretation limit its measurement on agricultural and rangelands. The dynamic penetrometer described here follows ASAE standards but replaces the proving ring with a strike plate, a shaft extension and a sliding hammer. The penetrometer cone eis pushed into the soil by successive hammer blows. Penetration resistance is calculated as the work by the soil needed to stop cone movement divided by the penetration distance. The work by the soil is defined as the kinetic energy of the hammer when it impacts the strike plate. Construction cost is approximately US$100. The standard drop height and hammer mass ensure measurements are consistent between operators.
}, keywords = {agricultural, American Society of Agricutlural Engineers standards, cone movement, dynamic penetrometer, ensure measurements, hammer mass, impacts, kinetic energy, penetration distance, Penetration resistance, proving ring, rangelands, shaft extension, sliding hammer, soil, soil compaction, standard drop height, strike plate}, doi = {10.2136/sssaj2002.1320}, url = {/files/bibliography/02-034.pdf}, author = {Jeff E Herrick and Jones, T.L.} }


Emergency Tourniquet Trainers
TraumaSim Group were the first inventors and manufacturer of the Emergency Tourniquet Trainer and was developed in conjunction with both the Australian and Israel Defence forces with 1,000 now around the world, allowing students to train repeatedly in a safe environment.
These units are silicone with realistic wounds connected to a pump. Simulated blood flowing from the wound is stopped when the tourniquet is correctly applied. The fleshy wound end can also be used to demonstrate and practice stump dressing technique.


1 year ago
Solution To End Lynchings? Only Produce Female Calves Through Artificial Insemination, Says BJP Minister Giriraj Singh
Bobins Abraham
Bobins AbrahamUpdated on Sep 05, 2019, 16:23 IST
Union Minister for Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Minister Giriraj Singh seems to have found a solution for the lynching menace in the country in the name of cattle protection.
According to Singh, through artificial insemination, if we ensure that only female calves are born, incidents of lynchings will also end.
"In the near future, only female calves will be born through sex-sorted semen. Now, the cases of mob lynchings in the name of stray cattle won't be reported," Singh said.
Mob Lynching
Explaining the logic behind his suggestion Singh stated that people tend to abandon bull calves as they are a financial burden for the farmers and they later become stray cattle.
Earlier such animals used to be sold to slaughterhouses, but since most of the states banned cattle slaughter, the farmers end up dumping them on the streets.
Singh also suggested that female calves born using semen from genetically superior bulls will also improve fertility and increase milk production which will ensure that the farmers keep them longer and not abandon them when they become less productive.
Mob Lynching
Last week Singh had said that "with help of the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and Embryo Transplant, the unproductive livestock in the country will be utilized as surrogate mothers. The word 'factory' was used to explain these techniques to friends who pet cows and not to open political factories for people."
"We will use IVF technology from cows giving 20 litres milk, on cows which stop giving milk. We will bring a revolution," he had said.
Lynchings in the name of cow protection have been for long an issue in the country. Many, especially those from the Muslim community were trashed and even killed by the so-called cow vigilantes merely on the suspicion of cattle smuggling.
Mob Lynching
Another major problem states that have banned cattle slaughter are facing is the increasing number of stray cows. After most of the slaughterhouses were shut down due to the ban, farmers in states like UP began abandoning their unproductive cows on the streets. Fed up with the alarming number of stray cows attacking their crops, farmers in UP had resorted to locking cow in their hundreds inside government buildings like schools and hospitals, demanding that the government should take them away.
The Conversation (0)
Start a conversation, not a fire. Post with kindness.


What is the difference between core and headline inflation?
Quick Answer
According to James Bullard for the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Mo., headline inflation includes food and energy prices when calculating the cost of living for the average consumer. Core inflation does not incorporate these two factors, because they are considered quite volatile. Members of the Federal Reserve and most economists prefer to rely on core inflation numbers to give a truer picture of future inflation trends without complications.
Continue Reading
What is the difference between core and headline inflation?
Credit: Glowimages Getty Images
Full Answer
Bullard explains that there is an enduring controversy over which inflation metric is the best to use when deciding on monetary policies intended to manage inflation. The goal is to accomplish a low and steady inflation rate that is safest for the nation's economy and its investors. Some economists argue that headline inflation is best, stating that it is unwise to remove food and energy components because they are such a large factor in every citizen's budget. Advocates for the use of the core inflation metric argue that food and energy prices can fluctuate suddenly and drastically in reaction to unexpected events, such as natural disasters, war and other disruptions to the national supply. Therefore, core inflation is believed to provide a cleaner and more stable insight into the underlying behavior of inflation.
Learn more about Currency & Conversions
Related Questions


text:
My pdf currently displays 11 decimal places for a field number (using "no format") and I would like for it to only display 6 decimal places. I see that under "Format" in the field map there is an option to only display 2 decimal places for a number and that works fine. Is there any way to display 6 decimal places? Thanks!
Use the Formidable: Dynamic option under the "Webform Data Field ID" dropdown then enter [125 decimal=2 dec_point="." thousands_sep=","] into the text box that appears below the dropdown. (Change 125 to your field ID)


Try Our Apps
Petrichor: The smell after rainfall
white blood cell
any of various nearly colorless cells of the immune system that circulate mainly in the blood and lymph and participate in reactions to invading microorganisms or foreign particles, comprising the B cells, T cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes.
Also called leukocyte, white blood corpuscle, white corpuscle, white cell.
Origin of white blood cell
1885-90 Unabridged
Cite This Source
Examples from the Web for white blood cells
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
British Dictionary definitions for white blood cells
white blood cell
a nontechnical name for leucocyte
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
Cite This Source
white blood cells in Medicine
white blood cell n.
Abbr. WBC
Any of the colorless or white cells in the blood that have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease through specialized neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Also called leukocyte, white corpuscle.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Cite This Source
white blood cells in Science
white blood cell
Any of various white or colorless cells in the blood of vertebrate animals, many of which participate in the inflammatory and immune responses to protect the body against infection and to repair injuries to tissues. White blood cells are formed mainly in the bone marrow, and unlike red blood cells, have a cell nucleus. The major types of white blood cells are granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. White blood cells are far less numerous in the blood than red blood cells, but their amount usually increases in response to infection and can be monitored as part of a clinical assessment. Also called leukocyte.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Cite This Source
white blood cells in Culture
white blood cells definition
Colorless cells in the blood that help combat infection. Some white blood cells act as scavengers by engulfing foreign particles (such as bacteria) and destroying them. Others produce antibodies or destroy dead cells. (See AIDS.)
The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for white blood cell
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for white
Scrabble Words With Friends
Nearby words for white blood cells


Skip Headers
Oracle® Fusion Middleware Administrator's Guide for Oracle Adaptive Access Manager
Release 11g (11.1.1)
Part Number E14568-06
Go to Documentation Home
Go to Book List
Book List
Go to Table of Contents
Go to Index
Go to Master Index
Master Index
Go to Feedback page
Contact Us
Go to previous page
Go to next page
View PDF
H Device Fingerprinting
Oracle Adaptive Access Manager contains proprietary clientless technologies for fingerprinting and interrogating devices used during access requests and transactions. Device fingerprinting is a mechanism to recognize the devices a customer uses whether it is a desktop computer, laptop computer or other web-enabled device. This appendix contains details about device fingerprinting.
H.1 What is Device Fingerprinting
Each time the user accesses the system, information about the device is collected. OAAM generates a unique single-use fingerprint and marks a device for each user session. It is replaced upon each subsequent fingerprinting process with another unique fingerprint.
H.2 When is a Device Fingerprinted
The fingerprinting process can be run any number of times during a user session to allow detection of changes mid-session that can indicate session hijacking. OAAM monitors a comprehensive list of device attributes. If any attributes are not available the device can still be fingerprinted. The single-use capabilities combined with server-side logic defends against the fingerprint being stolen and reused on another machine to commit fraud.
H.3 Device Fingerprint Attributes
Device fingerprinting collects information about the device such as browser type, browser headers, operating system type, locale, and so on. The fingerprint details can help in identifying a device, check whether it is secure, and determine the risk level for the authentication or transaction.
H.3.1 IP Intelligence
IP Information is one of the attributes of device fingerprinting and collected to generate the location fingerprint.
If IP address is changed, Oracle Adaptive Access Manager still has other information to use in identifying the machine.
Each feature standing on its own is not sufficient to secure the session; it is the combination of device fingerprint, IP, location, time, behavioral analysis, behavioral analysis as it relates to past behavior, and so on.
Some of the attributes collected to generate the location fingerprint are listed below:
Table H-1 IP Details
IP Details Description
IP Address
Address mapped to location
City Name
Geographic name of the city.
State Name
Geographic name of the state.
Country Name
Geographic name of the country.
Connection Speed
Internet connection speeds or bandwidths (high, medium, low).
Connection Type
Describes the data connection between the device or LAN and the internet. See the Connection Type mapping.
Routing Type
Tells how the user is routed to the internet.
The name of the entity that manages the ASN entry.
Globally unique number assigned to a network or group of networks that is managed by a single entity.
Top-level Domain
The top-level domain of the URL. For example,.com in This is mapped through the Quova reference file.
Second-level Domain
The second-level domain of the URL. For example, Name in This is mapped through the Quova reference file.
City Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct city has been identified.
State Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct state has been identified.
Country Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct country has been identified.
H.3.2 Browser Characteristics
Browser fingerprinting gathers information that include the browser type used, plug-ins installed, system fonts, and the configuration and version information from the operating system, and whether or not the computer accepts cookies.
H.3.3 Device Characteristics
Flash fingerprinting is similar to browser fingerprinting but a flash movie is used by the server to set or retrieve a cookie from the user's machine so a specific set of information is collected from the browser and from flash. The flash fingerprint is only information if flash is installed on the client machine.


text:
Counselling and Career Guidance Cell
The Counselling & Career Guidance Cell, is an integral part of IIMS, is a student support service intended to help students adapt and make the best of their learning environment.
College is a time of transition, change and new experiences for students. Among college bound individuals, a constellation of stressors is frequently experienced. Stress may arise from challenging course loads, problems in managing ones' time and personal finances, tension related to examinations and challenges in creating and maintaining satisfying interpersonal relationships; potentially leading to increased levels of depression, anxiety, academic failure and emotional exhaustion.
However, successful negotiation of this transition has been linked to better psychological adjustment, fewer risk behaviours and academic success. Counselling provides students with such successful conciliation during this transition period. The Counselling Cell also helps the student to gain insight into his/her area of interest, aptitude, personality, anxiety etc.
Students can come for counselling on any matter that might be troubling them. Some of the common problems among the college students are as follows:
Career Related Deficiencies
The students also feel the sudden increased autonomy over personal issues during this transition period. At times this freedom from parental control leads to several personal problems including frequent absenteeism in college, excessive influence of friends, attraction and problems associated with opposite gender. The personal problems also generate from the followings:
Counselling service provides a confidential environment where the students can express themselves relating to problems that may be painful or uncomfortable. Counselling helps the student to explore the situation and find solution or answer for a problem. Through counselling an attempt is made to assist the student to organize himself/herself better, to attain a more satisfying and resourceful way of living. The Students' Counsellor who is the coordinator of the cell, may be contacted at _EMAIL_


- Briefing on the work of the Synod on the Family 2015
AMERICA/BOLIVIA - Cardinal Terrazas strongly condemns the "DIY justice"
Santa Cruz (Agenzia Fides) - Cardinal Julio Terrazas, Archbishop of Santa Cruz, has strongly condemned the scourge of the "DIY justice". "It is really scary to know when someone is lynched, as if it were a significant fact that every community can take the law into their own hands, it is horrible to take the life of another person and what is worse, if one says that it was a mistake," the Cardinal said in his homily on Sunday, May 27, referring to the execution of two people last week, including a policeman in the town of Ventilla. In this last case the authors admitted that the murder victim was killed by mistake, to avenge a wrong that was committed by another person. In the area the population tends to seek justice for themselves and often innocent people pay the consequences. The Cardinal has also complained about the growth of youth gangs in several cities: several of these groups are made up of children who are beyond parental control or occupy their leisure time in the wrong way. "It is painful to see how gangs increase, a phenomenon that should have been faced by those who have a responsibility towards society. But rather than counting the number of gangs, what should concern us is that these groups are children, boys and girls aged between 11 and 12 years," said Cardinal Terrazas. According to a study of the local Service of Social Policy, received by Fides, in Bolivia there are 2 million 800 thousand children living in a risky situation, victims of abuse, extreme poverty and neglect in the street. (CE) (Agenzia Fides 29/5/2012)


text:
The big male nose
Source - _URL_
Male noses grow disproportionately larger than female noses beginning at puberty, a University of Iowa study has found. The reason: males need to breathe in more oxygen to feed muscle mass than females. - College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
Human noses come in all shapes and sizes. But one feature seems to hold true: Men's noses are bigger than women's.
A new study from the University of Iowa concludes that men's noses are about 10 percent larger than female noses, on average, in populations of European descent. The size difference, the researchers believe, comes from the sexes' different builds and energy demands: Males in general have more lean muscle mass, which requires more oxygen for muscle tissue growth and maintenance. Larger noses mean more oxygen can be breathed in and transported in the blood to supply the muscle.
The researchers also note that males and females begin to show differences in nose size at around age 11, generally, when puberty starts. Physiologically speaking, males begin to grow more lean muscle mass from that time, while females grow more fat mass. Prior research has shown that, during puberty, approximately 95 percent of body weight gain in males comes from fat-free mass, compared to 85 percent in females.
"This relationship has been discussed in the literature, but this is the first study to examine how the size of the nose relates to body size in males and females in a longitudinal study," says Nathan Holton, assistant professor in the UI College of Dentistry and lead author of the paper, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. "We have shown that as body size increases in males and females during growth, males exhibit a disproportionate increase in nasal size. This follows the same pattern as energetic variables such as oxygenate consumption, basal metabolic rate and daily energy requirements during growth."
It also explains why our noses are smaller than those of our ancestors, such as the Neanderthals. The reason, the researchers believe, is because our distant lineages had more muscle mass, and so needed larger noses to maintain that muscle. Modern humans have less lean muscle mass, meaning we can get away with smaller noses.
"So, in humans, the nose can become small, because our bodies have smaller oxygen requirements than we see in archaic humans," Holton says, noting also that the rib cages and lungs are smaller in modern humans, reinforcing the idea that we don't need as much oxygen to feed our frames as our ancestors. "This all tells us physiologically how modern humans have changed from their ancestors."
Holton and his team tracked nose size and growth of 38 individuals of European descent enrolled in the Iowa Facial Growth Study from three years of age until the mid-twenties, taking external and internal measurements at regular intervals for each individual. The researchers found that boys and girls have the same nose size, generally speaking, from birth until puberty percolated, around age 11. From that point onward, the size difference grew more pronounced, the measurements showed.
"Even if the body size is the same," Holton says, "males have larger noses, because more of the body is made up of that expensive tissue. And, it's at puberty that these differences really take off."
Holton says the findings should hold true for other populations, as differences in male and female physiology cut across cultures and races, although further studies would need to confirm that.
Prior research appears to support Holton's findings. In a 1999 study published in the European Journal of Nutrition, researchers documented that males' energy needs doubles that of females post-puberty, "indicating a disproportional increase in energy expenditure in males during this developmental period," Holton and his colleagues write.
Another interesting aspect of the research is what it all means for how we think of the nose. It's not just a centrally located adornment on our face; it's more a valuable extension of our lungs.
"So, in that sense, we can think of it as being independent of the skull, and more closely tied with non-cranial aspects of anatomy," Holton says.
Thomas Southard, professor and chair of orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry, is a contributing author on the paper. Other authors are Todd Yokley, from Metropolitan State University in Denver, and Andrew Froehle, from Wright State University, in Dayton, Ohio. The Department of Orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry funded the research.
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by the University of Iowa


Search Patient Organizations
Center for Peripheral Neuropathy
a/k/a: JMCPN
University of Chicago
5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 2030
Chicago, IL 60637
The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy was established in 2001 as a part of the University of Chicago's Division of Biological Sciences. It is dedicated to educating the public and healthcare providers about peripheral neuropathy, a family of disorders caused when nerves are damaged or destroyed and can't send messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, skin, and other parts of the body. Both basic and clinical research is conducted at the center to identify the causes and potential cures for these disorders. Treatment for peripheral neuropathies is also provided at the center.


How can I make URL connections through a proxy server?
John Zukowski
Java uses two system properties to designate a proxy: http.proxyHost and http.proxyPort. For applets, these are automatically set to use the browser's settings. However, in an application you need to set them yourself:
Properties props = System.getProperties();
props.put("http.proxyHost", "proxyhostname");
props.put("http.proxyPort", "proxyhostport");


Jewish city feared by Stalin is rediscovered
Breaking News
It was mentioned in medieval travellers' accounts but Soviet dictator Josef Stalin banned any research into the city and the Khazars, fearing it would prove Russia was descended from a Jewish state.
The city made a fortune from trade but its prosperity declined and in the 14th century it was flooded by the Caspian Sea.
Now a nine-year dig has unearthed the city including the foundations of a fortress, according to archeologists at Russia's Astrakhan State University....
Yevgeny Satanovsky, director of the Middle Eastern Institute in Moscow, said he believes the Khazar elite chose Judaism out of political expediency – to remain independent of neighboring Muslim and Christian states. "They embraced Judaism because they wanted to remain neutral, like Switzerland these days," he said.
The study of the Khazar empire was discouraged in the Soviet Union. Stalin detested the idea that a Jewish empire had come before Russia's own. He ordered references to Khazar history removed from textbooks because they "disproved his theory of Russian statehood," Mr Satanovsky added.
comments powered by Disqus


text:
ERIC Number: ED383210
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1995
Reference Count: N/A
Aspects of Reference in Figurative Language.
Edinburgh Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, n6 p69-77 1995
This study considers some problems of reference found in figurative language, particularly in metaphor and metonymy. Analysis is based on the notion that the effects communicated by figurative language depend to a large extent on reference to more than one concept, experience, or entity, and that the presence of multiple potential referents enriches both cognitive and linguistic effects of written discourse. The text examined is a narrative entitled "Song of Solomon," by Toni Morrison, and the reference analyzed is that made to an earring. It is found that the apparently unique referent of the word is extended through metonymic and metaphoric elaboration so it acquires new cognitive senses; each use of the term in a new environment creates a unifying factor for interpretation of the entire narrative. It is concluded that while the Relative Theory of reference, which proposes that relevance is the only one necessary for satisfactory interpretation, and the principle of optimal relevance of referents are explanatory for brief, completed utterances, a complementary theory must be developed to explain a writer's use of multiple referentiality in longer narratives. (Contains 20 references.) (MSE)
Publication Type: Reports - Evaluative; Journal Articles
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: Metonymy; Morrison (Toni); Referents (Linguistics)
Note: For complete volume, see FL 023 004.


text:
Vermont's population in 2003 was estimated at 619,116. This was a 1.7 percent increase from the 2000 Census count of 608,827, and an increase of 3,505 people from the 2002 estimate of 615,611.
The age-sex distribution of Vermont is illustrated in Figure 3. The largest segment of the population is the 40 to 49 year old age group, and the fastest growing segment of the population is the 45-64 year old age group. The sex distribution of Vermonters shows males outnumbered females up to age 29, and females slightly outnumbered males from age 30 to 69. After age 70, females outnumbered males by an increasing margin.
The 2003 population estimates were produced for the Vermont Department of Health by Claritas, Inc.


text:
The only difference between writing a normal electron configuration and writing the electron configuration for an ion is that when writing an electron configuration for an ion, you have to remember to add or subtract electrons from your total. Remember if an ion has a positive (+) charge (cation) you must subtract electrons from your total. And, if the element is an anion (negative charge), you must add electrons to your total. Look at the example below:
Aluminum will lose three electrons when it forms an ion. So although a neutral atom of aluminum has 13 electrons, the ion of aluminum, Al3+, has lost three electrons and only has 10. Thus, you should write the electron configuration for 10 electrons.
Answer: Al3+ : 1s22s22p6
Given : S2-
Sulfur will gain two electrons when it forms an ion. So although a neutral atom of sulfur has 16 electrons, the ion of sulfur, S2-, has gained two electrons. Therefore, you should write the electron configuration for 18 electrons.
Answer : S2- : 1s22s22p63s23p6


text:
The dimensions of LEGO brick are documented well, but what about DUPLO bricks? If have only found the general statements that DUPLO is twice as large as LEGO but no exact numbers. What about the thickness of walls and the space that must be subtracted at each side (0.2mm for LEGO), is it also just doubled?. If you compare the bottom of a LEGO 2x4 brick and a DUPLO 2x4 brick, there are also additional small walls that I have not found documented.
Update: Some dimensions of a DUPLO brick can be derived from the dimensions of a LEGO brick, which have been documented by Robert Cailliau among others:
Above and below a DUPLO 2x2 brick one can put two LEGO 2x4 bricks (or four 2x2 LEGO bricks). The outer walls of such stack seem to align perfectly, so the width and length of a DUPLO 2x2 brick is equal to the width of a LEGO 2x4 brick, which is 31.8mm (32mm-0.2mm). By putting DUPLO and LEGO side by side, one can also see that the DUPLO height without studs is twice of the size in LEGO (19.2mm). The LEGO studs below the DUPLO brick touch DUPLO walls, so DUPLO wall thickness is the same as LEGO wall thickness (either before spline walls were introduced to LEGO bricks or LEGO wall thickness plus the length of LEGO splines), which is 1.5mm. The DUPLO tube height is the height of the brick minus the height of a LEGO stud (which is somewhere between 1.6mm and 1.8mm). I'd better use the larger value, so the tubes start 1.8mm above the floor of the brick. From the top, LEGO tubes fit into DUPLO studs, so the stud inner diameter should equal to 6.51mm (8*√2 - 4.8$). But if you carefully look inside a DUPLO stud, this fitting is only achieved by four additional lugs that give a minimal inner diameter around 6mm to facilitate snapping into.
The remaining dimension include:
- stud outer diameter
- stud height
- tube inner diameter (but DUPLO tubes are not fully circular inside on a closer look!)
- tube outer diameter (also occurs at some other elements for instance as stem at #6510)
- spline length
Spline length can be derived from wall width and stud outer diameter. Tube outer diameter and stud outer diameter can also be computed from each other. So basically three dimensions are left to be explained. Comments and insights are welcome how more of the remaning dimensions can be derived from standard LEGO/DUPLO dimensions.


text:
It's been more than 90 years since her breakthrough discovery, but it's not too late to remember Margaret Newton, the first Canadian woman to earn a PhD in agriculture.
Newton was honoured July 17 when an official Government of Canada plaque was unveiled in Portage la Prairie, Man., to commemorate her pioneering research into wheat stem rust.
"Our government is proud to recognize Dr. Margaret Newton, whose discoveries on the nature of wheat rust fungus ended the serious threat of this disease to Canadian farmers and the Canadian economy," said MP Brian Pallister, who attended the ceremony along with Newton's relatives and representatives from grain research centres.
Newton was also inducted into the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame July 17.
The two latest honours add to a long list of accolades for Newton, who died in Victoria in 1971.
For her work on cereal crop rusts, Newton became in 1942 the second woman elected to the Royal Society of Canada. In 1948 she was awarded the Society's Flavelle Medal for contributions to biology.
However, considering her record and the fact that she is also a member of the Canadian Science Hall of Fame, few current scientists know about Newton or her work.
"She worked a long time ago, so there's nobody with working knowledge of her," said Brent McCallum, a plant pathologist at the Cereal Research Centre in Winnipeg.
McCallum wrote a short abstract on Newton for the Canadian Phytopathological Society, which is why he knows that Newton was "one of the founding scientists at the cereal research lab" in Winnipeg.
Newton, who was born in 1887 and grew up on a farm in western Quebec, began her career in wheat rust research in 1917 while working on a degree in agriculture at the University of McGill.
In 1916 a wheat rust epidemic hammered the prairie crop and Newton's mentor at McGill, W.P. Fraser, visited Western Canada in 1917 to study the disease.
Newton was assigned to work in the agriculture lab at McGill, analyzing Fraser's rust samples but only after she convinced the dean of the college to lift restrictions that prevented women from using labs in the evening.
Ralph Estey, professor emeritus of plant science at McGill who knew Newton, said the social politics of her era might explain why Newton is not well known.
"Few present day plant science researchers know about Margaret's work," he said.
"The female writers of her day were inclined to praise her work, whereas some of her male colleagues and writers were somewhat less inclined to praise her accomplishments."
After becoming the first woman to receive a bachelor's degree in agriculture at McGill, Newton took a position in 1920 at a federal government laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon.
Newton split her time between Saskatoon and the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, where she continued her wheat rust research. In 1922 she earned her PhD in Minnesota, becoming the first Canadian woman to hold a doctorate in agriculture.
In 1924 the federal government set up the Dominion Rust Research Laboratory in Winnipeg in response to a series of rust outbreaks on the Prairies in 1916, 1919 and 1921.
"She was hired as one of the first scientists (at the lab) and she initiated the rust surveys that are still going on today," said McCallum, who takes part in current rust surveys at the Cereal Research Centre, a facility that evolved out of the Rust Lab.
Newton's breakthrough work at the lab focused on the genetics of wheat rust, which was not well understood at the time.
"She found out the genetics of the fungus, which has been very helpful for future research," McCallum said.
"She (also) worked along with the breeders to develop some of the early rust-resistant cultivars."
Newton worked at the Rust Lab until 1945, when poor health forced the internationally recognized rust expert to retire and relocate to Victoria. However, retirement did not stop Newton from sharing her specialized knowledge with the world.
"She became quite involved in international work," McCallum said.
"She went over to Russia and Africa and assisted rust programs in those places."


text:
Gathers the variable,
Prefix+types, into a type list object.
- Name of the type list object whose fields you want to gather.
- First part of the name of all variables and/or lists used by this gather operation. Variables are typically named with the prefix together with the field name. If a delimiter, such as a colon, was used in the creation of the variables that you want to gather, you must use the same delimiter in the gather operation. For example,
Home > Contents > Index >
Oracle XML Tag Reference
Copyright (c) 2013, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Naughty but Nice: Gendered Sexualization in Chocolate Advertising
Chocolate is recognized as one of the most craved foods in the world, resulting in the coinage of terms such as chocoholic or chocolate addict. However, going from targeted marketing by most chocolate companies around the world, one would assume that the majority of the chocolate addicts or chocoholics were, women. As soon as a woman takes her first bite, in an advertisement, a sense of ecstasy follows triggered by the chocolate, invariably showing the relationship between women's sexual pleasure and chocolate. Women's sexual pleasure, much like the attitude towards chocolate, is considered sinful; the juxtaposition of these two views woven into narratives through chocolate commercials, only solidifies the concept of "naughty but nice" as they objectify women sexually while they are consuming chocolate.
Women tend to be sexually depicted in commercials in two ways, one, in which women are aroused by consuming chocolate, or two, women become attractive to men after they consume chocolate. Below are examples of two ads from Dove and Godiva that exemplify these two categories of portrayal of women in chocolate advertising.
In both the commercials, chocolate is seen as a sinful treat that women consume. In the first Dove commercial, a woman is being wrapped in chocolate coloured silk as she sighs and savors the luxury of consuming chocolate whilst being wrapped around by a luxurious fabric. It is depicting the after effects of consuming the chocolate whilst showing what a privilege it is to be able to consume chocolate. The background music and noises further alludes to the effect of sexual arousal post consumption and the use of silk in the commercial shows luxury and class, and at the same time, it represents a material that is often used to portray sex. In the Godiva commercial, three women are shown in three different locations wearing long dresses that represent three kinds of Godiva chocolates; dark, milk and white. Three men can be seen gifting chocolates to the women, which in turn sexually arouses the women and thus excites the men. It is interesting to note that the commercial does not show men consuming the chocolate, but only women. In one instance in the commercial, one of the women almost shares the chocolate with the man but then teases him as she eats the whole truffle herself, because she just cannot share it or resist it.
Professor Peter Rogers, from the University of Bristol, explains: "A more compelling explanation lies in our ambivalent attitudes towards chocolate – it is highly desired but should be eaten with restraint", he further states that "Our unfulfilled desire to eat chocolate, resulting from restraint, is thus experienced as craving, which in turn is attributed to 'addiction'." (Rogers, 2007) Women in the above commercials depict this relationship of resistance and indulgence with chocolate, not only through the consumption of chocolate itself but also through their sexual desires. Due to the perception that "nice" women and their sexual pleasures should be restrained as opposed to men's sexual pleasures, chocolate gives them the narrative, the chance of indulgence, and gives them the opportunity to be "naughty". Chocolate then starts to show women's relationship with their own sexual desires, that relies on chocolate to be fueled.
Chocolate, then hence is portrayed to being the food for women by commercials. In contrast, a Burger King commercial shows meat as the food for men, aptly titled "I am Man". The commercial shows men eating burgers while chanting socially accepted norms that make them men; these are men who are strong and can lift cars and pull heavy weights, men who cannot survive on "chick food" such as quiche. Commercials such as the one by Hungry Man, as well as Mc Donald's McRib advertisement, show only men, consuming meat products. When catered to men such as the ones that are shown in these commercials, chocolate becomes delicate and feminine. When contrasted, meat becomes the socially accepted food for men while chocolate becomes the socially accepted food for women.
Without any concrete scientific evidence, chocolate is now widely believed to be craved by women more than men. Dr. Julia Hormes from University of Albany states in her study published in Appetite in 2011 that "half of the women [in the U.S.] who crave chocolate say they do so right around menstruation,". (Hormes, 2011) Hormes's study tried to correlate menstruation with chocolate craving however, she arrived at the conclusion that "These biochemical, physiological hypotheses didn't pan out." (Hormes, 2011) Hormes believes that the strong influence of culture, particularly the kind portrayed in commercials plays a role in how women tend to react to chocolate.
In an interview with Kate Bratskeir of Huffington Post, Hormes talks about chocolate marketing, she says;
"Chocolate is marketed as a way for women to deal with negative emotion (like, say, the stress and headaches that come with PMS), Hormes said. It is an "indulgence" because it is an exception to the rule — women who diet and subscribe to a certain ideal of beauty should only consume chocolate when they "need" it."…"Only in America. In Spain, for example, women don't report craving chocolate perimensturally nearly as much as women in the U.S. do. It's not that Spanish women have a different make-up to their cycle, it's really that tampon and chocolate ads aren't aired during the same commercial break. In the U.S., it seems, there's something so strongly feminine about chocolate that fewer men report wanting it. But, "Spanish men are almost as likely to crave chocolate as Spanish women." In Egypt, neither men nor women really report craving chocolate; "They tend to crave savory foods," Hormes said." (Hormes, 2011)
The need that is described above by Hormes is a culturally manufactured one that is fabricated through commercials showing women needing chocolates, specially when it comes to sex.
Ferrero Rocher Print ad.
Chocolate advertisements not only play into women's sexual desires but also women's body image and various insecurities. The above print ad from Ferrero Rocher shows a naked model being tempted by chocolates that are growing from the tree. The ad is attaching the narrative of Eve and the forbidden fruit to chocolate, depicting this woman as a "sinner" for consuming chocolate and having sexual desires. The ad also shows a skinny model indulging in the sinful act of consuming chocolate. The inclusion of a model, gives off an image that makes it okay for women of regular sizes to indulge in chocolate. It shows that women can still be thin and be naughty, and consume chocolate as a guilty pleasure. While talking about the relationship of female body image and chocolate marketing, in his paper, Occidental College student, Jamal Fahim writes,
In order to remain slim and attractive, women must avoid foods that are high in fat, sugar and calories. Images of the ideal body have permeated the minds of many consumers who are inclined to view the body as an object of admiration and a model for self-construction. Moreover, consumer goods may serve to compensate for a person's "feelings of inferiority, insecurity or loss, or to symbolize achievement, success or power" (Campbell 1995:111)".
Dove Print ad.
Chocolate companies tend to play up various different feelings that Campbell described whilst talking about consumer products, however in most cases those feelings within the wide spectrum from insecurity to success are usually related to sex and women in chocolate advertising. The print Dove advertisement above, for example, associates itself with an insecurity that is often linked with sex, lasting longer. The ad compares indulging the Dove bar to lasting longer while showing the face of a woman who is satisfied.
All the advertisements mentioned above adds to the misconception of chocolate as an aphrodisiac and that it works more on women. The New York Times article, tries to evaluate this claim stating;
"Nowadays, scientists ascribe the aphrodisiac qualities of chocolate, if any, to two chemicals it contains. One, tryptophan, is a building block of serotonin, a brain chemical involved in sexual arousal. The other, phenylethylamine, a stimulant related to amphetamine, is released in the brain when people fall in love. But most researchers believe that the amounts of these substances in chocolate are too small to have any measurable effect on desire. Studies that have looked for a direct link between chocolate consumption and heightened sexual arousal have found none. The most recent study, published in May in the journal Sexual Medicine, looked specifically at women, who are thought to be more sensitive to the effects of chocolate. The researchers, from Italy, studied a random sample of 163 adult women with an average age of 35 and found no significant differences between reported rates of sexual arousal or distress among those who regularly consumed one serving of chocolate a day, those who consumed three or more servings or those who generally consumed none." (O' Connor, 2006)
The article concludes by stating that, "if chocolate has any aphrodisiac qualities, they are probably psychological, not physiological" (O' Connor, 2006).
This psychological perception of chocolate and sex is one that is manufactured by chocolate advertising bringing out various themes that are associated with female sexuality starting from the perception that female sexual desires are akin to a sin, to body image issues that perpetuates women's need to be slim to various other insecurities associated with sex such as lasting longer or overall satisfaction. Even though the findings and correlation between chocolate and sex are negligible, the marketing for chocolate continues to perpetuate chocolate's association with sex and its implied special relevance to


Logins / Accounts / Access
PART 1: Anyone may self-register as follows:
 1. The user clicks "Register New User" (_URL_
 2. User enters their information, including user name, email address, alias, password, etc. The user should choose "ShipperXL" and enter your database code.
 3. The user is sent a validation email, with a link they must click before they can log in to any system.
 4. If a database code is provided in step 2, the owners of that database will be notified of the request and provided a link to manage the user so they can grant the user access to one or more roles.
PART 2: Don't forget this part
 1. Once the user is granted access to a role in your database, they will receive an "Access Granted" email.
 2. When the user first logs into Shipper a Party record is created automatically. Make sure to update the "related parties" for access to appropriate data.
 3. See the article on Shipper Licensing to learn more about how user access is licensed.
Important Note!
The user will have access to all records for the company you select. If you add them to the primary company record, they'll have access to everything.For vendors, customers, and other business parties you'll typically add them to the record for their own company and they will only have access to data that applies to them.
Below is an example of a user/individual party record as reference.
If you receive an error like "You do not have permission to Shipment XXXXXX because your user account is not affiliated with this record in any way." then you need to make sure that your user account is associated either with a shipper, forwarder, or the default company.


text:
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Theme of Hate
We've seen a lot of bigotry in the Harry Potter series before. Draco Malfoy calls Hermione a Mudblood, meaning that she's a magic-user with non-magical parents. Then there's the Death Eater "prank" at the beginning of Book 4, when they levitate a Muggle family through the campground at the Quidditch World Cup because they enjoy torturing Muggles. But the hatred in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix has a slightly different character.
Professor Umbridge hates half-humans, so she also has racial prejudice. But her hatred is largely aimed at people who disrespect her authority. Professor Umbridge loves rules. When she first comes in to the classroom, she insists that the students answer her with a full, "Yes, Professor Umbridge" or "No, Professor Umbridge." She wants them to show their obedience to her at all times. And when a student – ahem, Harry – doesn't immediately obey her, she turns the most terrifying loathing onto them. The thing is, Professor Umbridge's name is notably close to "umbrage," meaning to take offense. Everything offends Professor Umbridge, and she hates anything that offends her. So, by association, Professor Umbridge pretty much hates everything. And her hatred sours the whole atmosphere of Hogwarts throughout Book 5.
Questions About Hate
- We see several different examples of magical creatures hating humans in Book 5. On what grounds do these creatures claim to hate humankind? Do the different magical species we see in the novel hate humans for the same reasons? Why does J.K. Rowling take care to represent this hatred in Book 5?
- Sirius's hatred for his family leads him to treat Kreacher as something less than a person. What other examples are there in Book 5 of hatred leading normally good people to behave cruelly? How does their behavior change your view of their character? Is what they do excusable? Why or why not?
- There's plenty of school rivalry at Hogwarts, particularly between Slytherin and Gryffindor. When does ordinary rivalry seem to turn into hatred? What leads Hogwarts students to hate each other? Why does the Sorting Hat decide to sing its warning against division now, in Book 5?


Marathi in Kenya
Photo Source: A Daniel
Send Joshua Project a map of this people group.
People Name: Marathi
Country: Kenya
10/40 Window: No
Population: 500
World Population: 71,100
Primary Language: Marathi
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Christian Adherents: 2.00 %
Evangelicals: 0.00 %
Scripture: Complete Bible
Online Audio NT: No
Jesus Film: Yes
Audio Recordings: Yes
People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other
Affinity Bloc: South Asian Peoples
Progress Level:
Introduction / History
Marathi is actually a language that originated in what is now Maharashtra, a state in western India. Marathis migrated to Kenya from India in the late 1800s. They originally came as indentured workers to work in the construction of the Uganda railway. Once the construction of the railway was completed, many of the workers not only chose to stay in Africa, but they also sent for their families to join them. They settled in Nairobi where they had more privileges than local Africans.
Where Are they Located?
Marathi speakers live all over India, but also in Great Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, and just about any African country that was once a British colony, including Kenya. There are very few of them in Kenya today.
What Are Their Lives Like?
Their astute business acumen enabled them to set up thriving businesses. Their new found economic strength enabled them to wield political power as well. Even though they are well assimilated into Kenyan society through prolonged stay in the country, they still have very close ties to India. Marriage and other social ties only happen between members of their own community. This has ensured the strengthening of ties with their cultural and religious roots in India.
What Are Their Beliefs?
Marathi people in Kenya are mainly Hindu. Like most prosperous Hindu communities, religion is only a way to connect with their community and to gain favor with whatever spiritual forces control their lives.
What Are Their Needs?
Marathi people in Africa need spiritual hunger that will drive them to seek and find the abundant life offered by Jesus Christ.
Prayer Points
* Pray that the Marathis in Kenya will become part of God's kingdom as they experience the savior.
* Pray that their ability to make money and lead prosperous lives will not keep them from having the spiritual hunger it takes to seek and find Jesus Christ.
* Pray for a Disciple-Making movement among Marathi people in Kenya that will spread throughout Africa.
Text Source: Keith Carey


Home>Posts>Tech Explained>How Does a Fanless PC Stay Cool?
How Does a Fanless PC Stay Cool?
By ·Categories: Tech Explained·Published On: July 27th, 2020·3.9 min read·
Compared to a traditional fanned PC, especially small form factor fanned PCs, a fanless computer doesn't necessarily always look dramatically different. Nevertheless, there are several subtle things going on that prevent these quiet, unassuming pieces of hardware from burning up. So how does a fanless PC stay cool?
Fanless computers often cool based on the principle of conduction – that is, something hot dissipating heat into its surroundings through physical contact. Heat conduction is a natural phenomenon, but just how much heat is dissipated can be significantly influenced by design.
The basic idea is to put heat-generating components, like the computer's CPU, in contact with a heat sink. A heat sink allows the heat created by the components to flow through it and eventually into the surrounding air. When designing a heat sink assembly, it's important to consider what materials you'll use and how all its parts will interface with one another. Watch our Tech Edge video about how fanless cooling works below, and read on to learn more.
Heat Sinks Help a Fanless PC Stay Cool
Heat Sink
Heat sinks are a core component for helping a fanless PC stay cool. What's the best material for a heat sink? It stands to reason that a heat sink should be made out of a heat conductor. Much in the same way an electrical conductor provides a pathway for the flow of electrical current, a heat conductor is a material through which heat can flow readily. If something hot (such as a CPU) is in contact with one end of a heat conductor and something relatively cold (such as the air outside the PC) is in contact with the other side, heat will rapidly flow away from the heat source through the conductor. Aluminum and copper are the industry-favorite conductors used for heat sinks.
Most OnLogic heat sink assemblies consist of two main parts: an aluminum block mounted on top of the CPU, and the case lid. Heat is transferred from the CPU into the aluminum block, then the lid, and finally the surrounding air. There needs to be effective heat conducting interfaces between all of these parts in order to effectively cool the system.
How to Create an Effective, Heat Conducting Interface
Creating an effective interface for heat transfer is accomplished differently on the inside and outside of the PC. Air itself is a poor heat conductor, so on the inside of the PC it's important to eliminate as much air as possible between the CPU and heat sink. Simply mounting the heat sink on the CPU is not enough since microscopic imperfections leave air pockets at the interface point. The most common way of getting around this is adding thermal paste, which is a better conductor than air. The thermal paste fills all the gaps that would otherwise have air in them.
Logic Supply ML300 LidOn the outside of the PC, heat is being dissipated directly into the air so a different approach is needed. A common design is a lid covered in specially-engineered ridges. These ridges increase the total surface area exposed to the air, effectively adding more passageways for heat to escape. If you look closely, sometimes even the ridges will have ridges further increasing the surface area.
Avoiding Fanless Cooling Pitfalls
These principles can help you avoid several pitfalls when assembling or implementing a fanless PC. For example, although heat paste is a better conductor than air, it is quite a poor one compared to copper or aluminum. This means that you should only use just enough to fill the gaps where it is needed. Any more and you are creating a thermal barrier that may overheat your computer. Another common complication to avoid is placing something on top of a fanless computer. Even a single piece of paper can trap a pocket of hot air on the PCs lid, preventing the computer from cooling. You should also consider the air surrounding the PC. If the surrounding air is unable to circulate (as it would be in a confined space) or too thin (such as at high elevations) it will have less potential for carrying heat away from the PC.
At OnLogic, we work with fanless computers every day. The more you are exposed to them, the more you appreciate just how much is going on in order to keep them running at optimum temperatures.
If you'd like to learn more, check out our white paper: 5 Ways Fanless Computers can Help Your Business. If you have questions, contact us!
Note: This blog was originally posted on April 29, 2015. It has been updated for content on July 27, 2020.
About the Author: OnLogic
OnLogic is a global industrial computer manufacturer that designs highly-configurable, solution-focused computers engineered for reliability for the IoT edge.
Follow OnLogic on LinkedIn
One Comment
 1. Avatar
 Mushi February 13, 2017 at 8:29 am
 Thanks for explaining the clear concept
Leave A Comment
Have a project? Let's talk
More Articles
Learn the 5 ways Fanless Computers can help your business
Get the Whitepaper
View All Articles
OnLogic Industrial Computers
Shop OnLogic
Learn more at OnLogic.com


text:
Machine Control and Computer Hardware
This unit is use to control movement to machine manually and with self learning program it can be programmed as a CNC machine. These controllers are microprocessor based. This machine can be controlled with joysticks. This joy stik function is to provide manual function to machine.
?Software for Three-dimensional Geometry Analysis
This is an essential part of the machine. Machine gives only coordinate where we are touching with probe. Software parts do the calculation and give the results. The cost and capabilities of CMM depends upon the software as well
A Typical Software Includes
- Linear measurement of prismatic features like diameter length, diameter, center distances, lengths
- Online statistics for statistical information in a batch
- Parameter programming to CNC programming for similar parts
- Digital input and output commands for process integration.
- Program for the measurement of spur, helical, bevel and hypoid gears
- Interface to CAD software.


Skip to Content
How to Cook Canned Food in Microwave
Sharing is caring!
Whether you have baked beans or canned cat food, the microwave is well known method to reheat or cook canned food items quickly and easily.
Canned foods are precooked and then canned under intense heat to preserve the food and eliminate deadly bacteria like botulism. So cooking canned food is not required, but you can certainly reheat it.
Can you cook canned food in the microwave? It is not recommended to place the can within a microwave as the can is made of aluminum, tin or possibly steel. The contents of the can should be transferred to a microwave safe container, and then reheated to an internal temperature of 74°C or 165°F.
In this article, learn the best way to microwave canned food. Additionally, the frequently asked questions about microwaving canned foods are answered with information that you need to know about safe food handling procedures.
Does canned food require cooking?
No, canned foods does not need to be cooked as they are pre-cooked and canned under intense heat. The canning process sterilizes the product by heating the content to eliminate bacteria, therefore it is safe to eat without reheating.
However, canned foods may be cooked if you want hot food or to add some flavor to the dish. Tuna, corned beef and chicken noodle soup are all pre-cooked canned foods that you can eat them right from the can without cooking, and it does not make you sick.
Some canned food contents are cooked to get the advantage of blending in added spices, veggies or flavorings. So, recooking them enhances the added flavors.
On the other side, for canned soup, you can eat them even if it's cold. the nutrient content won't change, but the heated soup will provide enhanced flavor and taste.
Is it safe to cook canned food in the can?
No, it is not safe to cook canned food in the can, particularly in a microwave. The majority of the cans have a plastic lining and are made of aluminum, both present a risk of chemical release within the food.
Although not recommended, in emergency situations it can be heated or cooked with its lid removed and placed in simmering water on the stovetop, but not in the microwave.
To microwave canned food safely, transfer the contents into a microwave soup bowl and heat it in the microwave until it reaches the proper internal temperature.
Simmer water in a pan on the stovetop, and place the can in it to heat the contents within. The canned lid must be removed to avoid any build-up of steam pressure.
Aluminum foil can be used to cover the opened can to avoid spilling or splattering the canned food when heated.
So, heating food in the can is not the best choice.
The plastic lining is considered to be safer than BPA, which is connected to brain growth issues in kids and cancer in grown-ups. Look for canned food that are BPA free to minimize the harmful chemical leaching into the food contents.
However, if you are camping or outdoor with limited kitchen supplies, follow the steps below to cook in a can:
 - Eliminate the outer paper label.
 - In the top, use can opener to remove the lid to release built up steam pressure. Leaving the lid over the top helps to prevent fire ash from entering the food while heating.
 - Place the can in a pot of boiling water to gently warm the contents
 - Slow cook and stir well to distribute the heat.
 - When its done, the can will be very hot, so handle very carefully to avoid serious injuries.
Can you heat a can in the microwave?
It is not safe to heat a can in the microwave. Instead, pour the canned food contents in a microwave-safe bowl and heat up.
Microwaving metal cans can shield the electromagnetic radiation which results in sparks. Putting a metal into a microwave is a dangerous as the appliance may catch fire.
As per FDA, canned food is cooked before packaging it in the can. So heating the food in the microwave adds to taste and texture, but is not necessary.
But, since canned foods are packaged in tin, aluminum, or steel cans, they cannot be placed in the microwave to heat the food content. This can cause sparks and be a dangerous situation, furthermore heating aluminum is potentially toxic.
Steel can release nickel and chromium in trace amounts. Chemical leaching is possible when heating food in the cans, therefore it is not recommended.
Are canned foods aluminum or tin?
Generally, canned foods come in both aluminum and tin packaging. Even steel with a tin coating is commonly used to stored canned food as they are versatile and light in weight.
The canned goods have a long shelf life and the packaging is expected to last for about 5 years.
Metal cans help the stored food remain unspoiled and last long. They ensure the nutritional value of the food contents within the can sustain over time.
Majority of steel cans today are lined with a tin layer on the exterior. The tin amount is about 5lbs. per ton of steel. In the market, they are however referred to as tin cans.
Steel is eco-friendly and recyclable. Steel cans are used for food items while aluminum cans are used for beverages.
Aluminum is used as it is corrosion resistant and easy to mold into shape. In addition, it withstands 90 lbs pressure/sq. in, which is crucial for carbonated beverages.
Tips to microwave canned food
In order to heat up canned food in the microwave, the contents must be transferred to a microwave-safe bowl and covered with a lid. The timing is important to give sufficient heat to the food without overcooking it and turning it to mush.
Here are some essential tips to microwave canned food to help you enjoy the meal:
 - If you are microwaving canned veggies, drain the liquid and place it in a microwave-safe bowl to heat.
 - Microwave for about 3 to 4 minutes, stirring after every minute.
 - Cover the bowl with microwavable plastic wrap with few pokes, a damp paper towel or use a microwave cover.
 - Ensure you are not using any metal dishes or utensil in a microwave as they spark and cause fire. This is why you should avoid placing the can in a microwave.
 - Do not overload the food content in the dish. Microwave in batches if required for even heating all around.
 - Heat the food content until steam or bubbles and mix in between to evenly distribute the heat.
 - Use a shallow dish in a microwave when handling dense foods.
 - Cover the food contents using a lid that is almost closed with a little opening to avoid food splattering all over and allow venting of the steam.
Without proper instructions and care, the soup can explode in the microwave.
Be aware to leave the container covered for 2 to 3 minutes after nuking to allow the heat to completely settle, especially for any canned soups and thick liquids. Prepare microwave safe container or mugs that is microwave safe for soups to replace the can.
Best way to microwave canned food
The best way to microwave canned food is by transferring it to a microwave-safe bowl and then heating it for about 2-3 minutes while stirring periodically. Do not heat the can in the microwave as it is dangerous and may result in sparks that set fire to the appliance.
Follow the steps below to microwave canned food:
 - Take the can and remove the lid.
 - Transfer the food contents to a microwave-safe bowl or dish.
 - Cover with a microwavable lid.
 - Set the microwave to 2-4 minutes.
 - Mix the food after every interval of 30 seconds.
 - Once you see the bubbles popping up.
 - Food is properly reheated when the internal temperature reaches 74°C or 165°F
How to cook canned food in microwave
Microwaving Canned Food: Conclusion
As per FDA, canned foods is pre-cooked and canned at high temperatures.
To cook or reheat any canned food in microwave,first transfer the food contents to a microwave-safe bowl and avoid using the original can packaging in the appliance.
Do not place the can into the microwave as it is hazardous and may result in sparks that could potentially cause a fire.
Add in the seasonings as you please, microwave for 2-3 minutes. Stir periodically for even heat distribution.
Meat, vegetable, beans soup and more canned foods are packaged and ready for easy meal prep, and there are variety of canned food to add to your recipe for everyday meals. Canned foods are pre-cooked and safe to consume after opening.
However, they are easy to reheat if desired. Transfer the food to a proper microwavable container and follow the recommended instructions to safely reheat canned foods in a microwave.
How to Defrost Bread Dough in Microwave
← Previous
How to Defrost Chicken Leg in Microwave
Next →
So glad to see you sticking around!
Want to be the first one to receive the new stuff?
Thank You For Subscribing
This means the world to us!
Spamming is not included! Pinky promise.


This content is from: Local Insights
Proposed amendments to Competition Law
Octavio Olivo Villa
In April, the President of Mexico submitted to Congress an initiative to amend Mexico's Competition Law, Federal Criminal Code and other federal laws, to strengthen the powers of the Federal Competition Commission so as to make meaningful progress with antitrust enforcement in Mexico. The enforcement tools and powers of the Commission under the current Competition Law have proved insufficient to effectively safeguard economic competition and freedom of trade and prevent monopolies, monopolistic practices and other restrictions on the efficient market of goods and services in Mexico.
The initiative that is currently being discussed in Congress is aimed at:
(i) implementing efficient mechanisms to facilitate and provide incentives for the non-contentious resolution of antitrust enforcement proceedings;
(ii) recognising oral arguments in administrative proceedings before the Commission;
(iii) modifying the Commission's organisational structure to make its functions more efficient and transparent;
(iv) giving the Commission the power to summon any person it believes may be able to furnish information or documents so as to enable the Commission to issue opinions on economic competition matters;
(v) expanding the Commission's supervision and enforcement authority over activities carried out by government agencies and entities of the federal public administration;
(vi) significantly increasing fines for violations and introducing in the Criminal Code a catalogue of conducts defined as criminal offences punishable with incarceration, so as to provide an effective deterrent for illegal antitrust activity and market abuse;
(vii) giving the Commission the power to order the suspension of alleged monopolistic practices before they are found to be illegal;
(viii) giving federal courts appellate jurisdiction on competition matters to carry out appellate review of the Commission's resolutions; and
(ix) strengthening the powers of the Commission to conduct inspection visits known as dawn raids, using the element of surprise to collect evidence indicating illegal antitrust activity.
Recent cases have highlighted the need to strengthen the Commission's enforcement powers, to step up economic sanctions against both corporations and individuals involved in illegal antitrust activity and to simplify the procedures for the imposition of sanctions.
One important case relates to the Commission's investigation into suspected absolute monopolistic practices in the market of medicines sold to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) through public bids. The investigation was prompted by suspicious conduct by a number of pharmaceutical companies that participated in more than 200 public bids carried out by the IMSS from January 2002 to March 2009.
Following a lengthy investigation, the Commission found in January 2010, in a divided vote, that Eli Lilly y Compañía de México, Laboratorios Cryopharma, Probiomed and Laboratorios Pisa had coordinated the submission of public bids in bidding processes conducted by the IMSS from 2003 to 2006 to purchase human insulin used to treat diabetes, forcing the IMSS to pay artificially inflated prices. The Commission also found that Laboratorios Pisa, Fresenius Kabi Mexico and Baxter had coordinated the submission of public bids in biddings conducted by the IMSS from 2003 to 2006 to purchase a wide range of injection solutions, having a similar effect on the prices paid by the IMSS for such products. The Commission found a clear pattern of conduct where the offenders would take it in turns to bid artificially high prices to have a contract awarded, on the understanding that the other offenders would bid even higher prices when it was not their turn to win the award of a contract.
In its resolution, the Commission decided to impose economic sanctions against the pharmaceutical companies involved to the amount of MXN$21.5 million ($1.659 million) each, being the highest possible fine against a non-repeat offender under the applicable provisions of the Competition Law. The Commission also resolved to impose economic sanctions against the individuals directly involved in the illegal activities, but gave them the opportunity to first submit to the Commission evidence of their economic condition before setting the amount of the fines applicable against each of them.
For the culpable pharmaceutical companies, the consequences of having been caught appear to have been more than outweighed by the profits they must have generated through the illegal activity from 2003 to 2006. This case highlights that maximum sanctions at current levels do not necessarily deter illegal antitrust activity in the absence of criminal penalties for individuals.
The amendment initiative recently submitted by the President of Mexico to Congress is intended to step up economic sanctions against both corporations and individuals involved in illegal antitrust activity and simplify the procedures to impose sanctions. The proposed amendments to the Criminal Code are intended to clarify the language describing illegal antitrust conduct that leads to imprisonment, to provide fair warning to the potential lawbreaker and effectively become a general deterrent. We have yet to see what Congress has to say.


text:
The history of the Depression era in Buffalo and Western New York will gain a little more attention – and likely become more accessible to the public – thanks to a new leadership grant awarded to the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library system.
The grant, just under $320,000, was made by the Institute of Museum & Library Services, which awards leadership grants nationally. The federal agency also awarded grants to 51 other museums and libraries across the country, library officials said.
The funding directed to Buffalo is intended as a two-year grant, library officials said, to fund an ongoing project known as "The Public Library as Digitized Commons – A Demonstration Project." The project got started in 2009.
The goal of the project is to create a first-ever catalog of resources related to Buffalo's history from the 1920s and 1930s, according to library officials.
An aim of the project is to make the region's Depression-era history accessible and searchable for the public, and to connect the public with this history in new ways.
"This project will generate deeper collaborations, new types of access to library and regional resources, and new ways to share the stories of our local heritage," Library Director Mary Jean Jakubowski said in a statement.
The Institute for Museum & Library Services is a source of federal support for 123,000 libraries and 17,500 museums across the country.


text:
";s:4:"text";s:2629:" … Formula for diphosphorus trioxide? Diphosphorus tetroxide, or phosphorus tetroxide is an inorganic compound of phosphorus and oxygen.It has the empirical chemical formula P 2 O 4.Solid phosphorus tetroxide (also referred to as phosphorus(III,V)-oxide) consists of variable mixtures of the mixed-valence oxides P 4 O 7, P 4 O 8 and P 4 O 9..
Asked in Chemistry P2O3 is the formula for what? Diphosphorus trioxide. Source(s): write chemical formula diphosphorus trioxide: _URL_ Each formula indicates how many molecules of each element must be included for the outcome to be as expected. i have a test tomorrow, and im soo confused!!! PHOSPHORUS OXIDE (P2O3) 1314-24-5 Diphosphorus trioxide.
Diphosphorus Pentoxide is a covalent compound that has an empirical formula of P 2 O 5 and a chemical formula of P 4 O 10.The molar mass of diphosphorus pentoxide is the sum total of the molar mass of each of the atoms in its chemical formula. The ''tri'' in trioxide means... See full answer below. It has been used as a reducing agent in organic chemistry. Related Questions. Empirical Formula (Hill Notation) P 2 S 5. please help! Wiki User 2010-07-25 18:17:28. Asked in Chemistry P2O3 is the formula for what? Molar Mass: _PHONE_.
Formula: O 3 P 2; Molecular weight: _PHONE_; CAS Registry Number: 1314-24-5; Information on this page: Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels; References; Notes; Other data available: Gas phase ion energetics data; Options: Switch to calorie-based units Diphosphorus tetraiodide is an orange crystalline solid with the formula P2I4. Molecular Weight 222.27. how do i write the chemical formula of diphosphorus trioxide? Chemical formula of diphosphorus trioxide? It is a rare example of a compound with phosphorus in the +2 oxidation state, and can be classified as a subhalide of phosphorus.
Solid diphosphorus tetroxide (also referred to as phosphorus(III,V)-oxide) consists of variable mixtures of the mixed-valence oxides P4O7, P4O8 and P4O9. P2O3 is the formula for diphosphorus trioxide. UNII-0LTR52K7HK. 0 0 0. It has the empirical chemical formula P 2O 4.
P2O3. Answer and Explanation: 'Diphosphorus pentoxide' is also known as phosphorus oxide.
The chart below shows the calculated isotope pattern for the formula P 2 I 4 with the most intense ion set to 100%.


text:
posted by sam on.
Through a pipe of diameter 16cm, water is pumped from the Colorado River up to Grand Canyon Village, on the rim of the canyon. The river is at 564m elevation and the village is at 2096m elevation.
a) At what minimum pressure must the water be pumped to arrive at the village? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8m/s^3
b)If 4800m^3 are pumped per day, what is the speed of water in the pipe?
c) What additional pressure is necessary to deliver this flow? You may assume that the free-fall acceleration and the density for air are constant over this range of elevations.
a) (density)*g*(elevation change)
= 1.00*10^3 kg/m^3*9.8 m/s^2*1532 m = 15.0*10^6 Pascals
That is about 150 atmospheres.
b) Velocity = (Volume flow rate)/Area
c) Add (1/2)*(density)*V^2 dynamic pressure to the answer in (a)
The density here is the density of water. Air has a neglible effect on the difference between inlet and outlet pressure


text:
Iron-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloadditions of Unactivated Alkenes
The thermal [2+2] cycloaddition of alkenes leading to cyclobutanes remains a big challenge for chemists as current methodologies rely on photochemical activation and substrates bearing chromophores. For this reason, unactivated alkenes, which are available in large quantities from natural resources, have been outside the scope of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions so far. Recently, a new breakthrough methodology for performing this transformation has been described in a Science paper published by Professor Paul Chirik and members of his group from Princeton University (USA). This Fe-catalyzed work is an example of chemistry that has been of long-standing interest to the Chirik group in order to develop sustainable catalytic methods that employ earth-abundant and environmentally benign first-row transition metals.
Read here the full article for free Iron-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloadditions of Unactivated Alkenes


text:
Grats (sometimes spelled 'gratz') is a commonly used abbreviation for congratulations. It is most often used when an achievement is announced, or a player reaches a new level. It may also be used sarcastically when someone does something stupid.
In guild culture, there is an expectation that at least one person will say 'grats' when someone announces they dinged or earns an achievement, especially for significant milestones such as reaching maximum level or completing a meta achievement.
Some people find replying to dings and achievements annoying, to the extent that addons such as Grats Bot have popped up to automate the process.