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This is a video looking at public and private sector pay differences.
The public and private sectors are different which means there is often difficulty in comparing the public and private sector in terms of earnings. For example, there is a different skill mix of jobs, different sizes of businesses, as well as, a different percentage of men and women working within them. Also the average number of hours worked differs, and so does the age and pay distribution.
Starting with the differences in skill levels between the two sectors we will use this example to illustrate the problems in comparing two groups. Here are two groups, A and B, and here are 40 people who are paid £9 per hour and they all do exactly the same job, which we will call 'high skill'. Here are another 40 people all doing a lower skilled job being paid £6 per hour.
If we move these people into the two groups, here we have 25 high skill and 15 low skill people in group A and 15 high skill and 25 low skill in group B. The total pay for group A is £315, with an average of £7.88 per hour. The total pay for group B is £285, or an average of £7.13 per hour.
So taking the pay difference between the two groups gives us a gap of 10.5 per cent, suggesting that group A is better paid than group B. However, this is because of the different skill mix of the two sectors.
So let's look at the skill mix of jobs between the public and private sector using information from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, in April 2011, and looking firstly at low and lower-middle skill jobs, there is a higher percentage in the private sector. For the upper-middle and high skill jobs there are a higher percentage in the public sector.
The importance of these differences is that earnings tend to increase as the skill level of the job increases. So, considering the previous example, it would be expected that on average the public sector would earn more than the private sector because of the differences in the types of jobs.
Now looking at the age of employees in both sectors, here is the percentage of employees in both sectors up to around the mid 30s and here the percentage for the other years of age. We can see the private sector is made up of a higher percentage of younger employees. Looking at those aged older, we see the public sector has a higher percentage of older employees.
Removing these bars and changing the axis to £ per hour, we will now look at the average pay for each individual year of age. Firstly in the public sector, and now the private sector, and we see that earnings tend to increase most up to the early 30's, before falling off in the mid-50's as it is likely that those being paid the most leave the labour market earlier.
As earnings increase with age and the public sector has a higher percentage of older workers, again, keeping everything else the same, it would be expected that the public sector earn more, on average, than the private sector.
Another important thing to note when comparing the pay between the two sectors is the pay distribution of employees. To illustrate this, here is a random selection of people which we will say work in the public sector, and here is another random selection of private sector employees.
What we see is that the public sector distribution is more compressed than the private sector. This means that the private sector has more low paid employees but also more high paid employees than in the public sector.
We've explained some of the differences between the two sectors which make it difficult to compare the averages in pay between them. To try to account for some of these issues a statistical regression model can be run with the aim of estimating the pay difference, keeping all other things the same. A detailed article explaining this method is on the ONS website, with a link in the description of this podcast.
We will use this chart to show the estimated pay difference, we see the gap increased from around 2003 to 2005, before falling up to 2007, and then increasing from 2007 to stand at 7.3 per cent in 2011.
Another important issue to note at this stage is the importance of the size of the organisation. Employees working in large organisations earn more than those in small organisations. A large organisation is defined as having 500 or more employees.
Using these pie charts we can see that 94% of public sector employees work in large organisations compared with 49% of private sector employees.
In 2011, people employed in large organisations earned 24.9% more than those working in small organisations after running regression analysis to control for other factors.
If we now return to the previous chart on the pay gap over the period from 2003 to 2011 we can now analyse the impact that firm size has on the size of the pay gap.
As seen earlier the pay gap was 7.3% in 2011. If organisational size differences are accounted for, shown by the green line, the size of the pay gap decreases to 2.2%.
Next we will look at the pay gap across the earnings distribution, using this chart. The green line illustrates the pay gap across the earnings distribution when organisation size is accounted for, and the dotted line illustrates the UK average pay gap of 2.2%.
If we look at the lowest earners, at the 5th percentile, the value at which 5% earn less and 95% earn more, we can see that the pay gap is 11.2%. Now turning our attention to the highest earners, at the 95th percentile, the value at which 95% earn less and 5% earn more, the pay gap is -10.3%.
This shows that public sector employees earn more at the bottom end of the earnings distribution, and this is partially offset by the fact that private sector employees earn more at the top of the earnings distribution.
The blue line here shows the trend when organisational size is not accounted for, and as can be seen, it follows the same pattern as the green line.
Now we will look at the pay gap across the different regions of the UK, using this chart. The blue horizontal bars show the pay gap across the regions when organisational size differences are accounted for. As can be seen, all areas of the UK have a positive pay gap except for the South East and London, which has a pay gap of -3.0% and -7.9% respectively. The dotted line illustrates the UK average pay gap of 2.2%.
If we now look at the regional pay gap when organisational size is not taken account of, we can see, that the size of the pay gap, with the bars now illustrated in green, has increased, and the dotted line showing the UK average pay gap has increased to 7.3%. The only region now showing a negative pay gap is London.
Next we will look at the regional pay gap across the earnings distribution, using this chart. The blue line shows the pay gap for the whole of the UK across the earnings distribution.
The next three lines illustrate the North East, Yorkshire and The Humber and North West respectively. All three regions have a very similar pattern across the earnings distribution, although it is worth noting that the pay gap in the North East remains positive throughout.
The next three lines show the East Midlands, East of England and West Midlands respectively. All three of these regions follow a similar pattern to that of the UK average.
The next three lines show the South West, South East and London respectively. We can see that the pay gap for the South East is lower than the UK average across the whole of the earnings distribution.
This final group of regions shows the pay gap across the earnings distribution for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
If we bring back the pay gap line for London, since the pattern for London is different to other parts of the UK, we can see that compared to the UK average, the pay gap is higher at the bottom of the earnings distribution in favour of the public sector, and then favours the private sector at the top half of the distribution.
Lastly it is worth noting that there are other factors that could influence the pay difference, and this analysis does not include other forms of remuneration, for example, pension contributions, company cars, and health insurance. This is because the survey ASHE does not collect this information. Also ASHE does not cover those who are self-employed so it will miss many high paid self-employed, and also some lower-paid.


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Male tanner crabs can reach 6 inches in width, while females are about half the size. Despite their smaller size, females can carry up to 100,000 eggs. After hatching from the egg, juvenile snow crabs will molt their shells and grow a new one as they increase in size. When they reach sexual maturity, they will never molt again. This last molt is called the "terminal molt".
Unfortunately, the tanner crab population in southeast Alaska is plagued by an algae called parasitic dinoflagellate. This parasite causes "bitter crab disease" which is not harmful to humans but causes the meat to taste bad and eventually kills the crab.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Master of Arts (MA)
Faculty of Science
Nonconserving children were placed in a situation where they had to interact with either two conserving adults or two conserving children. Each triad (one nonconserver and two conservers) was asked to give judgments and explanations for conservation problems. The type of conserving explanations (invariant quantity, reversibility, and compensation) given by the conservers in the interaction were varied. Approximately one week after the interaction the nonconserving subjects were posttested and the results indicated that nonconservers increased in conservation score after interacting with conservers. Hearing different explanations did not differentially affect the scores of nonconservers. The results did indicate that invariant quantity explanations were used more often than either reversibility or compensation explanations by the subjects after the interaction. There were no differential effects when interacting with either adult or peer conservers. These results were discussed in terms of Piagetian Theory. The ramifications of these findings on our educational systems were discussed as were suggestions for future research.
Smith, Douglas Arthur, "The Effects of Interaction with Conserving Adults and Peers on the Acquisition of Conservation by Nonconservers" (1976). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1445.


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Working Out Loud Week is from 5-11 June 2017. Working Out Loud Week is a chance for a global community of practitioners to find new freedom to work together to practice sharing work in progress with relevant communities for learning and collaboration. The theme of this WOLWeek is 'Contribute and Create Value'
Day 3: Contribute
When we think of working out loud, our thoughts often go first to sharing. We begin with how our work can be shared with others. However, in the design of these five days of WOLWeek, we have put contribution before sharing. The generosity of contribution is what turns a network into a community. To share effectively and for mutual benefit, it helps to begin with generosity.
Our work is built on the foundation of our knowledge, our skills, our experiences and our place in the world. Everyone has this foundation to their work and each person's set of capabilities and context is unique. We all have the ability to contribute our attention, capabilities, and context to the work of others.
Contributing generously to others builds our networks into communities. This develops relationships for future collaboration and learning.
We don't need to be interesting to work out loud. We have unique abilities to contribute to others. We need to be interested in others and contribute to their work.
How can you show interest in the work of others? How can you recognise their efforts? How can you share your capabilities and context to advance their work?
Choose someone relevant to your work and make a contribution today.


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This page explains how to use audit logging in your Kubernetes Engine clusters.
All Kubernetes-powered clusters have Kubernetes Audit Logging, which keeps a chronological record of all calls that have been made to the Kubernetes API server in that cluster. These logs are useful for investigating suspicious API requests, for collecting statistics, or for creating monitoring alerts for unwanted API calls.
Kubernetes Engine clusters integrate Kubernetes Audit Logging with Cloud Audit Logging on Google Cloud Platform, which lets you access the audit log information through Stackdriver Logging. The most important audit logs are exported automatically at no charge. If you need to audit all requests to your cluster's Kubernetes API server, you must enable Data Access logs for Kubernetes Engine in Cloud Audit Logging.
Before you begin
- Ensure you have an active cluster.
- Read about Kubernetes Audit Logging.
Accessing Audit Logs
You can locate and view your cluster's audit logs by using Google Cloud Platform Console
or by using the
gcloud command-line tool.
To view audit logs for your cluster, perform the following steps:
In the GCP Console, navigate to Logging.
Select the Logs view.
- From the drop-down menu, select Kubernetes Cluster and your cluster name.
You can view audit log records about specific resources by using the
logging read command in the
For example, to view audit log records about Deployment resources created on your cluster, use the following command:
gcloud logging read'resource.type="k8s_cluster" AND protoPayload.methodName:"deployments.create"'
Stackdriver log entries are associated with monitored resource and service
types. For Kubernetes Engine audit
logs, the resource type is
Kubernetes Cluster, defined by a
Audit logs are structured objects consisting of an
operation subobject and a
operation specifies a request that the audit log event
belongs to, and the
protoPayload contains the audit log entry itself,
response objects (if applicable).
Once you've accessed your audit logs, you can use Stackdriver's filtering syntax to find the relevant logs you want. Some useful filters include:
To display all requests with failed authorization:
To display all write requests to a Secret resource:
resource.type="k8s_cluster" protoPayload.methodName:"io.k8s.core.v1.secrets" NOT protoPayload.methodName:"get" NOT protoPayload.methodName:"list" NOT protoPayload.methodName:"watch"
To display all requests to a Pod resource from a particular user:
resource.type="k8s_cluster" protoPayload.methodName:"io.k8s.core.v1.pods" protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail="_EMAIL_"
Other Stackdriver Features
You can use any of Stackdriver's logging features to perform common and useful tasks with your Kubernetes Engine cluster's audit logs. These might include:
- Setting up a log metric for a given filter
- Creating a Stackdriver alert policy based on a log metric
- Export your cluster's audit logs to a service such as Cloud Storage, BigQuery, or Cloud Pub/Sub.
The Kubernetes audit policy determines what audit log data is exported from the Kubernetes API server.
For read requests such as
watch, only the request object is
saved in the audit logs; the response object is not. For requests involving
sensitive data such as
ConfigMap, only the metadata is exported.
For all other requests, both request and response objects are saved in audit
Kubernetes omits certain high-volume calls made by system services. For complete information on which calls the Kubernetes audit policy includes or omits from the logs, see the latest audit policy configuration in the open-source Kubernetes repository.


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The structural response of a molten main-chain liquid crystal polymer to an applied magnetic field has been investigated microscopically, with the microstructure being characterized as a function of field strength, time in the field and molecular weight. The application of the field to a structure in which the director wandered gradually on a scale of about 100 ~tm resulted in the formation of domains delineated by well defined boundaries. The domains were elongated along the field axis to an aspect ratio of about 8 in the case of a 1.1 T field, although for the higher field strength of 5.6 T the domains were no longer visible. Evidence is presented that the domain boundaries correspond to a director reorientation of ~ rad. Etched domain microstructure revealed a uniform distribution of crystallites, representing regions of local ordering in the material, on a scale of a few hundred nanometres. The crystallites had the form of platelets normal to the local director and acted as orientational markers across the domain boundaries.
Посилання на статтю:
Magnetic orientation and microstructure of main-chain thermotropic copolyesters / A. Anwer and A. H. Windle* // Polymer. – 1993. – Vol 34. – P. 3347-3357.


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Pine nut oil is a natural substance that is popular for its varied benefits for humans. Read and know more about this natural oil.
What is Pine Nut Oil?
It is a kind of pressed vegetable oil. It is extracted from the kernels or seeds (commonly known as pine nuts) of various species of pines. It is extracted only from the edible seeds of pine. It is also known as Pine Seed Oil or Cedar Nut Oil. This oil is distinguished from other curative oils because of the wide range of benefits it has to offer.
There are various species of pine nuts like the European variety (also known as Pignoli) and the American variety (also known as pifiions). The quality of the oil extracted from pine seeds depend on the species of the pine nut it is made from. It is highly believed that the Siberian pine nut oil is superior in quality than other varieties of this oil.
Pine Nut Oil History
This oil has been used by people for many centuries to cure and heal illnesses and also to cook food.
During Great Lent, before the revolution of 1917, it was the main oil used for cooking in Russian homes. At that time, ten percent of the total hard currency of this country was based on the trade of this oil. The trade of this oil was mainly done with France. In France, this oil has been traditionally used for cooking.
Pine Nut Oil Composition
This oil is rich in various vitamins and fatty acids. It contains:
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Significant quantity of fat-dissolving vitamins E and F
- Phosphatidic phosphorous
It also contains the following vitally important micro-elements:
There is up to 5% nitrogenous substances in the contents of this oil. 90% of these nitrogenous substances are amino acids and 70% are indispensable acids. This fact testifies to the high physiological value of the pine nut oil.
Pine Nut Oil – Triglyceride composition
The triglyceride composition of pine nut oil is as follows:
- Linoleic acid: 49.0% ± 2.3
- Oleic acid: 23.8% ± 2.1
- Pinolenic acid: 17.1% ± 2.0
- Palmitic acid: 6.3% ± 2.2
- Stearic acid: 2.5% ± 0.1
Pine Nut Oil Properties
- This oil is biologically active. Due to this, it is used in body massages and cosmetic facials.
- It has high curative properties.
- It has a very low smoke point.
- There is a high concentration of radical scavengers in this natural substance.
Pine Nut Oil Benefits
A wide range of benefits can be derived from this oil. The oil is used for the treatment of various sicknesses. Its usefulness is varied in range. This oil is rich in proteins, vitamins and fatty acids. Pine nut oil is a widely used natural medicine. It is used in the field of medicines, cooking, cosmetology and many more. The principal benefits of using this oil are mentioned below:
- Pine nuts are rich in amino acids. As a result, the pine nut oil is a great source of nutrition.
- This oil can also help in weight loss.
- This oil is a great source for vitamins B1, B2, B3 and E. Also there are zinc, magnesium, copper manganese etc. All these vitamins and minerals are excellent for health.
- The amino acids in this oil are highly beneficial to the development of a growing organ. This is the reason why pine nut oil is very healthy in the diet of teenagers, children and pregnant women.
- It is rich in Pinolenic Acid, which is a very powerful anti-inflammatory substance.
- It normalizes the lipid spectrum of blood. In this way, the pine nut oil helps to fight high blood pressure.
- The Department of Agricultural Chemistry at the College of Life & Environmental Sciences at Korea University has proved that pine nut oil can lower the cholesterol level in human body.
- This oil also has natural healing abilities. Pine nut oil is very efficient in healing peptic ulcer and gastritis.
- The oil works to alleviate various other digestive problems and stomach disorders.
- It is also believed to have the ability to increase mental energy and clarity.
Uses of Pine Nut Oil in Diet
Pine nut oil can help in fighting obesity. Scientists have proved that pine nuts can work as an appetite suppressant and curb the desire to eat. As a result it stops people from taking the extra food that causes obesity. Once it was proved, the scientists started to think of using pine nuts as dietary supplement. Pine nut oil was extracted so that it could be easily used for the purpose. Later, pine nut capsules were created so that using pine nut oil in a diet became easier. People can swallow the capsule without having to taste the material.
Pine Nut Oil in the Kitchen
The oil also has wide range of uses in the kitchen. It is a frequently used ingredient and there are various delicious recipes of pine nut oil. But it is not used in cooking like other nut oils. This is because it has a very low smoke point. In other words, it burns and starts to smoke at a very low temperature. This makes pine nut oil unfit to be used in cooking over a high temperature. So, pine nut oil is principally used as a "finishing" ingredient to add flavor to the food.
Pine nut oil can be a very effective preservative for bread. A small amount of the oil needs to be added to the dough.
Pine Nut Oil Side Effects
- The oil is very concentrated in nature. As a result it can cause skin irritation in case of sensitive skin. So, it is always advisable to dilute the substance before applying it to your skin.
- The pine nut oil may cause allergy in people who have allergies to other nuts (peanuts etc). The Department of Alergologia e Inmunologia Clinica at the Clinical University of Navarra, Spain has proved that people who are allergic to nuts have a tendency to have an allergy in pine nut oil.
- It smokes and burns at a very low temperature as it has a very low smoke point. Because of this property, it cannot be used in cooking at high temperatures.
- Pine nut oil causes a lack of appetite in people who ingest it. This may result in low amount of food intake and hence may cause health problems.
Buy Pine Nut Oil
If you are interested to buy and use pine nut oil, there are many stores where you can get this product. It is available for online shoppers too. There are many companies selling quality pine nut oil online.
Pine nut oil is a substance having endless natural qualities. It has a long history of being used for diverse reasons by generations past. It can also be said that pine nut oil will be successfully used by generations to come.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (September 2007)|
A hot spare or hot standby is used as a failover mechanism to provide reliability in system configurations. The hot spare is active and connected as part of a working system. When a key component fails, the hot spare is switched into operation. More generally, a hot standby can be used to refer to any device or system that is held in readiness to overcome an otherwise significant start-up delay.
Examples of hot spares are components such as A/V switches, computers, network printers, and hard disks. The equipment is powered on, or considered "hot," but not actively functioning in (i.e. used by) the system.
Electrical generators may be held on hot standby, or a steam train may be held at the shed fired up (literally hot) ready to replace a possible failure of an engine in service.
In designing a reliable system, it is recognized that there will be failures. At the extreme, a complete system can be duplicated and kept up to date—so in the event of the primary system failing, the secondary system can be switched in with little or no interruption. More often, a hot spare is a single vital component without which the entire system would fail. The spare component is integrated into the system in such a way that in the event of a problem, the system can be altered to use the spare component. This may be done automatically or manually, but in either case it is normal to have some means of error detection. A hot spare does not necessarily give 100% availability or protect against temporary loss of the system during the switching process; it is designed to significantly reduce the time that the system is unavailable.
Hot standby may have a slightly different connotation of being active but not productive to hot spare, that is it is a state rather than object. For example, in a national power grid, the supply of power needs to be balanced to demand over a short term. It can take many hours to bring a coal-fired power station up to productive temperatures. To allow for load balancing, generator turbines may be kept running with the generators switched off so as peaks of demand occur, the generators can rapidly be switched on to balance the load. Being in the state of being ready to run is known as hot standby. Though it is not a modern phenomenon, steam train operators might hold a spare steam engine at a terminus fired up, as starting an engine cold would take a significant amount of time.
The spare may be similar component or system, or it may be a system of reduced performance, designed to cope for the duration of the time to repair and recover the original component. In high availability systems, it is common to design so that not only is there a spare that can quickly be switched in, but also that the failed component can be repaired or replaced without stopping the system - this is known as hot swapping. It may be considered that the probability of a second failure is low, and therefore the system is designed simply to allow operation to continue until a suitable maintenance period. The appropriate solution is normally determined by balancing the costs of implementing the availability against the likelihood of a problem and the severity of that problem. there are two types of hot standby: 1. hot standby master - slave 2. hot standby in shearing mode
Computer usage
A hot spare disk is a disk or group of disks used to automatically or manually, depending upon the hot spare policy, replace a failing or failed disk in a RAID configuration. The hot spare disk reduces the mean time to recovery (MTTR) for the RAID redundancy group, thus reducing the probability of a second disk failure and the resultant data loss that would occur in any singly redundant RAID (e.g., RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-10). Typically, a hot spare is available to replace a number of different disks and systems employing a hot spare normally require a redundant group to allow time for the data to be generated onto the spare disk. During this time the system is exposed to data loss due to a subsequent failure, and therefore the automatic switching to a spare disk reduces the time of exposure to that risk compared to manual discovery and implementation.
The concept of hot spares is not limited to hardware, but also software systems can be held in a state of readiness, for example a database server may have a software copy on hot standby, possibly even on the same machine to cope with the various factors that make a database unreliable, such as the impact of disc failure, poorly written queries or database software errors.
Hot standby operation in railway signalling
At least two units of the same type will be powered up, receiving the same set of inputs, performing identical computations and producing identical outputs in a nearly-synchronous manner. The outputs are typically physical outputs (individual ON/OFF type digital signals, or analog signals), or serial data messages wrapped in suitable protocols depending upon the nature of their intended use. Outputs from only one unit (designated as the master or on-line unit, via application logic) are used to control external devices (such as switches, signals, on-board propulsion/braking control devices, etc.) or simply to provide displays. The other unit is a hot-standby or a hot spare unit, ready to take over if the master unit fails. When the master unit fails, an automatic failover to the hot spare occurs within a very short time and the outputs from the hot spare, now the master unit, are delivered to the controlled devices and displays. The controlled devices and displays may experience a short blip or disturbance during the failover time. However, they can be designed to tolerate/ignore the disturbances so that the overall system operation is not affected.


Online | | Members only
AI and the individual
A Science|Business Data Rules webinar (15:30 – 17:00 CET)
How can AI systems support individuals' health and happiness? Should we develop digital assistants/life coaches, underpinned by AI, to support wellbeing? As they monitor individuals' behaviour, such tools could provide increasingly personalised information and advice on everything from how to sleep and exercise better to how to build relationships and master new skills. A digital assistant could, for example, monitor how people are speaking to help detect stress, anxiety and depression, enabling earlier interventions that could save lives. In theory, digital life coaches could yield many benefits for society as a whole, but in practice, they may face opposition from people concerned about privacy and/or malpractice.
This webinar will consider:
 - Are digital life coaches desirable? What are the upsides and downsides?
 - How could they improve mental health?
 - How will they impact our decision-making?
 - How will they be paid for?
 - To what extent can the individual really be in control?
 - How can we ensure they are working entirely on behalf of the individual rather than a third party?
 - Where will the personal data they collect be stored and analysed?
 - How will they be regulated? Do they need to come under rules governing health and medicines?
 - Will it be possible to define a meaningful duty of care?
 - How should they account for cultural differences/norms?
Yordanka Ivanova
Legal and Policy Officer, DG CONNECT, European Commission
Félix Pageau
Geriatrician; Research Associate, Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel
John Olwal
Global Head of Digital Ethics, Risk & Compliance, Novartis
Stefan Feuerriegel
Assistant Professor; Chair of Management Information Systems, ETH Zurich
Viktor Kaldo
Professor; Clinical Psychology, Karolinska Institutet
Practical Information
For more information, please contact [email protected]


Show ungrouped Address Book contacts
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If you use groups in Address Book, you know that you can sort your contacts any way you want. To create a group, select File -> New Group. Groups are like iTunes' playlists; just select a bunch of contacts, then drag them on the group's name to add them.
But you may want to find contacts that are not in a specific group, say to create a group to sync to your cellphone, or to find contacts that have or don't have certain types of information.
Let's use an example of one group called Phone, with the contacts that you sync to your cellphone. Say you want to find all the contacts who are not in that group, and put them in a group called Not Phone. This involves a little trick when you select items in Address Book. Here's how it works:
 1. Create an empty group named Not Phone.
 2. Select all of your contacts and add them to this group.
 3. Click on the Phone group and select all of its contacts. (They may already be selected).
 4. Click on the Not Phone group. You should notice that only the members of the Phone group are selected!
 5. Press Tab once to switch focus to the Name column.
 6. Hit Delete, then click the Remove from Group button in order to remove them from the group.
At this point, you have a group called Not Phone which includes only the contacts who are not in the Phone group. It should be relatively easy to extend this to other combinations. For instance, to create a group of Miscellaneous contacts, create a new group, then remove anyone from the Friends, Family, and Work groups. Or, to make a list of your work friends, make a group called not Work and subtract them from the Friends group.
You can also use smart groups, then find contacts that are not in these groups. For example, to find all your contacts that don't have phone numbers, create a smart group where Phone Is Set. This criteria simply means that the phone number field is not empty. Then create a regular group and call it, say, No Phone Number. Perform the above steps, adding all your contacts to the No Phone Number group, selecting all those in the Phone Is Set group, then switching and deleting those who have phone numbers.
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How Much Water Does a Dishwasher Use: All You Need to Know
When deciding on what kind of dishwasher to buy or whether you should get one at all, you might have some questions. You might wonder: How much water does a dishwasher use? How energy efficient is a dishwasher?
Or which is better for the environment: washing dishes by hand or using the dishwasher?
Sometimes these questions and others like them can seem overwhelming. Luckily, this question has a pretty straightforward answer, relative to many other questions about climate change and conservation.
A Short History of Dishwashers
Humans have been washing dishes since there were dishes to wash. In fact, prior to the 1800s, washing dishes was one of the least labor-intensive chores to be done. Most people valued the ease of leaning against a sink and washing up after a long day harvesting or planting.
The dishwasher wasn't invented for ease or convenience. It was invented by Josephine Cochrane, the granddaughter of John Finch, who invented the steam engine because her servants kept breaking her china. She later started the company that grew into KitchenAid.
Obviously, the dishwashers we have today are much more sophisticated. As technology has advanced, we've seen dishwashers increase their efficiency, add helpful features, and use less water.
How Much Water Does a Dishwasher Use?
SD-6502SS: Energy Star 24″ Built-In Stainless Steel Tall Tub...
 - 24" Built-in, top-mount
 - 6 wash Programs: Heavy, Normal, Delicate, Quick, Rinse only, Energy Saver
 - Top Cutlery Rack: Flat placement of fine utensils that might fall through the normal silverware basket
So how much water does a dishwasher use?
Well, it depends on the dishwasher you have. If you're lucky enough to own your home, you can choose the brand and model of dishwasher you buy.
For those living in an apartment, you have no say in what dishwasher you're provided. However, we can estimate the usage and definitely decrease our water bills using some easy tips.
Dishwasher vs. handwashing
It might surprise most people to hear this, but using a dishwasher is actually significantly more water-efficient than washing dishes by hand.
The water in the faucet flows at an average rate of two gallons per minute. This means that the average hand-washing household uses 13 gallons of water to wash the same number of dishes that fit into a dishwasher.
Average dishwasher
If you live in an apartment, you probably have an older model of dishwasher, or a cheaper model. This means that you're probably using roughly 10 gallons of water with each cycle.
However, you're still beating out handwashing. Because the average faucet flows at a rate of two gallons per minute, handwashing for only five minutes uses the same amount of water as running the entire dishwasher.
Want to decrease your water usage? Stop rinsing the dishes before you put them in the machine. Instead, scrape food off with a spatula and let your dishwasher do the work.
Energy Star dishwashers
hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher - Energy Star Portable Mini...
 - A convenient and small Energy Star certified dish washing machine for cleaning the dishes after dinner or cooking....
 - With simple to use control panel and light indicators. Program selector has 6 wash cycle options: heavy, normal,...
 - Features a quick connect assembly with accessories including inlet and drain hose and a faucet adapter for water...
Newer dishwashers are much more efficient and use significantly less water than their older counterparts. In fact, a new Energy Star certified dishwasher will save, on average, 3,870 gallons of water over its lifetime.
Energy Star is a government-backed certification that allows consumers to easily find environmentally-friendly appliances. These appliances have to meet certain standards in order to qualify.
New Energy Star dishwashers use only about five to six gallons of water per wash and include newer features like soil detection and improved water jets to help you cut down on your water usage even more.
And conveniently, Energy Star appliances come in a variety of sizes. Built-in dishwashers can usually run more than eight place settings as well as six serving pieces -- all in only six gallons.
Even apartment dwellers who don't have a built-in dishwasher can take advantage of compact dishwashers available.
Outside influences on water usage
Of course, there are other variables that can affect the answer to the question, "How much water does a dishwasher use?"
For one thing, most dishwashers come with multiple settings such as "pots and pans" or "heavy soil." These increase the amount of water used. It's best to avoid using these when possible.
In addition, many households have turned down their water heater temperature. This helps save on heating costs and ensures a safer temperature for the family.
However, it also can limit the ability of the dishwasher to clean properly, which can result in having to run the same load twice. Consider buying a dishwasher with a heat booster so it can reach the recommended 150 degrees for proper cleaning.
Hard water can also affect water usage. The mineral deposits that are left when the water evaporates can build up on your machine and make it perform poorly. You can combat this by getting a dishwasher with a built-in water softener or using vinegar or rinse aid in the rinse aid compartment.
Now You Know Everything!
So now to answer the final question: How much water does a dishwasher use? The answer is that it's up to you. Buying an Energy Star appliance, making sure hard water isn't damaging your machine, and using the proper setting can have huge effects on the dishwasher's water usage.
Making wise choices in your dishwasher purchase and usage can drastically lower your water usage.
Was this guide helpful? We'd love to hear your comments!
Last update on 2021-05-14 at 23:25 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
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Job Title
OTL/R, Child Behaviour Specialist, Occupational Therapist
Jory Gruber is a Pediatric Occupational Therapist and Child Behavior Specialist and a member of the Ordre des Ergotherapeutes du Québec (OEQ). With 15 years of clinical experience working with children aged two into their adolescents, Jory has developed a deep passion and diverse set of skills for helping children and parents alike.
Jory focuses on helping parents navigate their child's challenging behaviours. She explores each child as a unique individual, taking into account their specific developmental stage. She offers positive parenting tools, specific language and tips to foster peace, collaboration and happiness in every family. She works closely with parents to strengthen their knowledge surrounding child development, helping them build their parent-child relationship through various parenting strategies specific to their child's behaviors.
Jory received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from McGill University and her Master's of Occupational Therapy from The University of Toronto. She received her certification as a Child Behaviour Specialist through the Early Years in the Child Behaviour Certificate Program.


How Do I Change The Paper Size On My Cricut Air 2?
What to do when Cricut says image is too large?
Print then Cut Image Too Large If you get the "Project incompatible" pop-up, just click "Customize" and click the yellow triangle, which will be on the layer or layers with the issue.
If you have a print then cut image that is too large (greater than 6.75″ x 9.25″) you will see a yellow triangle in the layers panel..
Can you use printer paper in a Cricut?
Obviously, you can use paper for the Print and Cut setting on the Cricut. … Really, any kind of white paper that can fit in your printer can be used for print and cut. If you have a Cricut Maker, you can also use colored paper (lighter colors work best for the sensors), and in some cases, a patterned paper could work.
How do I change the material settings on my Cricut explore AIR 2?
Tap All Materials to access the vast list of material settings. You can swipe to scroll through the list or enter a search term in the search field. As you type the list will refresh with results. Swipe up/down to scroll through the list of search results, then tap on a material to select it.
Can you cut an image in half on Cricut?
The Slice tool is an option in Cricut Design Space that allows you to split and crop out two overlapping images or layers in order to create a whole new design.
What is the largest size a Cricut can cut?
If you are using a 12 inch square cutting mat, the largest you can cut is 11.5 inches squared. If you are using a 12 inch by 24 inch cutting mat then the largest you can cut is 11.5 inches by 23.5 inches. If you are wanting to cut larger than these options then you simply must cut your design.
Can you just print from Cricut design space?
Once you have inserted printable images in your project or changed your images' Linetype to Print, select Make It from Design Space. … Then select Send to Printer to open the Print Then Cut dialog. An image bleed will automatically be applied to the image(s) so that there is no white border left once the cut is complete.
How big can you print on a Cricut?
Can Cricut explore AIR 2 cut wood?
Cutting wood is a fun new material to work with with your Cricut cutting machine. However, if you have an Explore Air 2, you might think that wood is not an option for you. … You can cut wood with the Explore. You just have to get a little creative with the settings to make it work.
Can you cut a Cricut mat in half?
I went and bought Cricut Expression Mats (12×12 cutting mats) for my regular sized Cricut(which only takes 6×12 sized cutting mats). I brought them home and cut them in half.
How do I resize in Cricut Design space?
Images can be resized by dragging the arrow button or entering the desired measurement in the edit bar. In order to maintain the correct proportions, the padlock should be left in the locked position. When a new value is entered in either the width or height box, the other measurement will adjust automatically.
How do I change the paper size on my Cricut?
Move the cutting blade to the upper right corner of the paper using the Blade Navigation Buttons, and then push the Set Paper Size key. The size of your paper will appear on the display.
What does flatten mean Cricut?
Print then Cut featureFlatten is used with the Print then Cut feature. It takes a multi-layer project and squishes (or flattens) it down all the selected layers into one layer that can be printed on your home printer then cut on your Cricut machine.
How do I get my Cricut to print and not cut?
How do I print a large picture?


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What does NRTC mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand NRTC in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
Find a translation for NRTC in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this NRTC abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
NRTC also stands for:
- National Radio Telecommunication Corporation
- National Research and Training Center
- National Research Training Center
- National Resource and Training Center
- National Rural
... and 6 more »


Australian Professor Denies Existence of the Pied Piper
Sydney Morning Herald: Was the Pied Piper real or a myth created to explain the outbreak of the plague? A Sydney University professor has a theory. The Pied Piper of Hamelin, the allegorical figure who led the town's children away after being denied his just pay, is celebrated throughout the world as a warning to "Pay the Piper," but is it a true story? Sydney University professor Alex Jones says no.
"It is most unlikely that a figure like the Pied Piper of Hamelin ever existed," said Jones. "The story is a myth most likely constructed to represent an outbreak of the plague."
Jones has other theories too, including the pagan origins of the figure, possibly as the German god Woden.
To read the entire story, visit the website.
Pied Piper
Interesting, I had always figured it was an allegory for the Children's Crusade. Randy Colby


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When it comes to mastitis, heifers are often overlooked. But that's a mistake, since 75% of heifers have some form of clinical mastitis, Dr. Steve Nickerson said Friday at World Dairy Expo.
Nickerson, professor of dairy science at the University of Georgia and a specialist in bovine mastitis, said heifers frequently get mastitis though naturally occurring bacteria that lives on their bodies, especially on their teats. The bacteria enter the teats openings, spreading to cause mastitis.
But flies also play a major role in heifer mastitis. Horn flies are particular problems. The flies not only pester heifers by feasting on blood drawn from animals' backs but also suck blood from vessels in the skin of teats, causing irritation. That can cause lesions that quickly transform a healthy udder and teats into areas covered in scabs. Once the bacteria spread into the teats, intramammary infection and tissue scarring are likely to result in the still-growing heifers.
Flies also are vectors for transmitting mastitis-causing bacteria. Staph. aureus is a major problem among heifers, Nickerson said.
Treatment can be highly successful, but prevention is key, he added. Some sort of fly control should be employed, especially during the summer months when fly populations are at their peak.
Fly control can be achieved through ear tags, pour-ons, sprays or insect growth regulators, and should be combined with a proper integrated pest management program.
"Herds with fly control programs have much lower levels of mastitic heifers," Nickerson said.
When heifers are allowed to freshen free of mastitis, lower somatic cell counts and maximum milk production are likely to result.
Central Life Sciences sponsored Friday's session.


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Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
The percentage of a person's monthly gross income that is spent on paying debts, such as housing and credit card payments. Banks and lenders use this ratio to decide how much money (and on what terms) they will lend someone for a mortgage, car, or other loan. Traditionally, lenders have said that your housing costs (mortgage principal and interest, homeowner's insurance, and property taxes, also known as PITI) shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross income, and that your overall debt (PITI plus car and other loan payments) shouldn't exceed 36%.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:14 pm


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Darren Pauli writes:
Up to 80 percent of certain anonymous underground forum users can be identified using linguistics, researchers say.
The techniques compare user posts to track them across forums and could even unveil authors of thesis papers or blogs who had taken to underground networks.
"If our dataset contains 100 users we can at least identify 80 of them," researcher Sadia Afroz told an audience at the 29C3 Chaos Communication Congress in Germany.
"Function words are very specific to the writer. Even if you are writing a thesis, you'll probably use the same function words in chat messages.
"Even if your text is not clean, your writing style can give you away."
The analysis techniques could also reveal botnet owners, malware tool authors and provide insight into the size and scope of underground markets, making the research appealing to law enforcement.


Qt Quick Extras Overview
Qt Quick Extras provide a set of UI controls to create user interfaces in Qt Quick.
Getting Started
If you are building Qt Quick Extras from source, you can follow the steps used for most Qt modules:
make install
Using the Controls
import QtQuick.Extras 1.4
Interactive controls
A checkable button that triggers an action when held in long enough
A circular dial that is rotated to set a value
A popup menu that displays several menu items along an arc
A push button that toggles between two states
A control that can have several spinnable wheels, each with items that can be selected
Non-interactive controls
A gauge that displays a value within a range along an arc
A straight gauge that displays a value within a range
An indicator that displays a colorized QPicture icon
An indicator that displays active or inactive states
Creating a basic example
import QtQuick 2.2
import QtQuick.Extras 1.4
Rectangle {
 DelayButton {
 anchors.centerIn: parent
For an interactive showcase of the controls provided by Qt Quick Extras, you can look at the Gallery example.


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ELECMI – Integrated Infrastructure for Electronic Microscopy of Materials
The Integrated Infrastructure for Electron Microscopy of Materials, ELECMI, is a Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS) within the current Map of National Facilities in Spain, which is composed of 29 ICTS that bring together a total of 65 facilities. ELECMI is composed of four facilities: the CNME (National Center for Electron Microscopy) that belongs to Complutense University of Madrid; the LMA (Advanced Microscopy Laboratory) that belongs to Zaragoza Universit; the DME (Electronic Microscopy Division), that belongs to Cadiz University and the UMEAP (Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials) that belongs to the Barcelona University.
ICTS refers to facilities, resources or services for the development of top-quality cutting-edge research, as well as the communication, exchange and preservation of knowledge, the transfer of technology and promotion of innovation. ELECMI as well as other ICTS have these three fundamental characteristics:
- Infrastructure with public ownership.
- Unique, meaning that it is the only one of its kind in the country.
- Open to competitive access by users in the entire research community (public and private sectors from any nationality).
CNME ELECMI – National Center for Electron Microscopy
The National Center for Electron Microscopy, CNME, the main transversal action of the Campus of International Excellence, Moncloa, is designed according to the study carried out by FECYT on Unique Scientific and Technological Facilities (ICTS) to develop, implement and offer the scientific community, national and international, the most advanced methods and techniques in Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy for the structural analysis of materials. This Center consists of a set of last generation microscopes, and instruments and techniques for the advanced preparation of samples, as well as for the application of computational methods of image processing.
LMA ELECMI – Advanced Microscopy Laboratory
The Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, LMA, is integrated into the Río Ebro campus of Zaragoza University. It's a unique initiative at national and international levels aimed at providing the Industrial and Scientific communities with the most advanced infrastructures in Nanofabrication, Local Probe and Electron Microscopies for the observation, characterization, nanopatterning and handling of materials at atomic and molecular scale.
DME ELECMI – Electronic Microscopy Division
The Electron Microscopy Division, DME, is integrated into the Central Services of Science and Technology (SC-ICYT) of Cádiz University. The infrastructure has a staff of technical personnel highly specialized in techniques such as microscopy of corrected aberrations (TEM, STEM), electron tomography and electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Dispersive X-ray energy (EDX). The main DME-UCA priorities are education, training and dissemination of innovative techniques and methods based on transmission electron microscopy and electron microscopy applicability to materials applied research.
UMEAP ELECMI – Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials
The Unit of Electron Microscopy Applied to Materials (UMEAP-UB) is integrated in the Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCITUB). It has highly specialized personnel in transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques and related analytical techniques (EELS and EDXS spectroscopy), as well as advanced data processing and simulation. They have beam precession systems (for 3D electronic diffraction, electronic crystallography, recognition of crystalline phases and orientation and tension maps) and specific specimen holders for in-situ microscopy and electron tomography. They also offer TEM and SEM microscopy techniques for biological material (Cryo-Tomography, In-Situ Hybridization, etc.), and a wide selection of complementary characterization techniques, such as microprobes, X-ray diffractometers, Raman microscopy, ESCA, AFM, etc.
ELECMI has a wide range of top level equipment in Electron and Local Probe Microscopy dedicated to the observation, analysis and characterization of materials at atomic and molecular scale, constituting a large infrastructure at the service of researchers, universities, research centers and Industry, with the ability to address the most relevant challenges in the field of new materials.
The most relevant techniques available at ELECMI ICTS include, among others:
- Transmission Electron Microscopy – TEM.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM.
- Dual Beam Microscopy – DUAL BEAM.


Heat Therapy Hot Moist Packs
Heat therapy
How it works
Heat therapy works by improving circulation and blood flow to a particular area due to increased temperature. Increasing the temperature of the afflicted area even slightly can soothe discomfort and increase muscle flexibility. Heat therapy can relax and soothe muscles and heal damaged tissue.
There are two different types of heat therapy: dry heat and moist heat. Both types of heat therapy should aim for "warm" as the ideal temperature instead of "hot."
 - Dry heat (or "conducted heat therapy") includes sources like heating pads, dry heating packs, and even saunas. This heat is easy to apply.
 - Moist heat (or "convection heat") includes sources like steamed towels, moist heating packs, or hot baths. Moist heat may be slightly more effective as well as require less application time for the same results.
Professional heat therapy treatments can also be applied. Heat from an ultrasound, for example, can be used to help pain in tendonitis.
When applying heat therapy, you can choose to use local, regional, or whole body treatment. Local therapy is best for small areas of pain, like one stiff muscle. You could use small heated gel packs or a hot water bottle if you only want to treat an injury locally. Regional treatment is best for more widespread pain or stiffness, and could be achieved with a steamed towel, large heating pad, or heat wraps. Full body treatment would include options like saunas or a hot bath.
When not to use
There are certain cases where heat therapy should not be used. If the area in question is either bruised or swollen (or both), it may be better to use cold therapy. Heat therapy also shouldn't be applied to an area with an open wound.
People with certain pre-existing conditions should not use heat therapy due to higher risk of burns or complications due to heat application. These conditions include:
 - diabetes
 - dermatitis
 - vascular diseases
 - deep vein thrombosis
 - multiple sclerosis (MS)
If you have either heart disease or hypertension, ask your doctor before using heat therapy. If you are pregnant, check with your doctor before using saunas or hot tubs.
Applying heat therapy
Heat therapy is often most beneficial when used for a good amount of time, unlike cold therapy, which needs to be limited.
Minor stiffness or tension can often be relieved with only 15 to 20 minutes of heat therapy.
Moderate to severe pain can benefit from longer sessions of heat therapy like warm bath, lasting between 30 minutes and two hours.
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Punchayet in Hindi
Meaning of Punchayet in Hindi
Hindi is a very rich language that's why Punchayet has many meanings in the Hindi language like Panchaayat, Panchaayate.
What is the spelling of Panchaayat, Panchaayate in Hindi?
The spelling of Panchaayat, Panchaayate in Hindi is पंचायत, पंचायते. Please note some of the English words' spelling can be wrong because we have written as Hindi pronunciation. If you are using these in legal documents then please verify with other sources also.
Similar meaning words of Punchayet
Here is a list of the words that are very similar to Punchayet. You can see the meaning of words by clicking on the words.


text: Desalination offers an opportunity for source diversification of water for many communities, along with possible defenses against security threats potentially affecting clean water supplies. The economic costs associated with constructing and operating desalination plants in South Texas are investigated. Primary data utilized in the analysis include engineering considerations and actual costs associated with existing and plants under construction in South Texas. Specific costs considered include raw water acquisition and transport, pretreatment, and purification. Sensitivity parameters include source and quality of raw water, energy costs, size of plant, and other heuristic aspects of plant design and development. Annuity equivalent costs are reported on a per ac-ft of finished water basis, f.o.b. desalination plant.


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Reflecting on Civic Engagement through Articulated Learning
Please compose a series of paragraphs addressing each of the following six questions regarding your Honors Engaged experience thus far.
First-semester reflections are due in the OAKS Advising Class of 2025 Dropbox by December 3rd at 11:59 PM.
- What did I learn?
- How, specifically, did I learn it?
- Why does this learning matter? How is it significant?
- In what ways will I use this learning? What goals shall I set in accordance with what I have learned in order to improve myself, the quality of my learning, or the quality of my future service?
- What measurable impact do I imagine making on the Charleston community in the future as a result of this learning?
- What else do I hope to learn going forward?


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Bringing Them Home name index – Fact sheet 175
The National Archives of Australia holds many records that contain information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and their history. The Archives has created an index of names that appear in the most relevant of these records in response to the recommendations of Bringing Them Home, the report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families, released in 1997.
The Bringing Them Home (BTH) name index aims to help Indigenous people find information about themselves, their families and their country. The index contains:
- names of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
- names of non-Indigenous people related to or associated with Indigenous people
- names of missions and institutions where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were placed
- places where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have lived or visited
The index does not contain information about the people named. To see this information you will need to view the original records (files, papers and photographs) or photocopies of them.
Requesting a search of the BTH name index
On request, National Archives reference staff will search the index for you. To assist us to undertake a thorough search, it helps if you provide as many details as possible, including:
- name of the person you are researching – this includes any variations in the spelling of given names, nicknames, forgotten names, or Indigenous names
- family connections – the names of any siblings, children or other relatives
- language group, country or homeland – which were sometimes used to identify people
- place – where the person was born, lived, worked, or was sent to
- date of birth, age at events, or date of death of the person
- date ranges – year or period the person was in a certain place or area, such as the period they worked on a particular cattle station
- significant events that may have occurred in the person's life, such as being evacuated because of natural disaster or war
You may not be able to supply all of these details about the person you are seeking but, the more information you provide, the easier it will be for us to determine if there are references to the person or family you are researching in the Archives' holdings.
You can ask for the BTH name index to be searched by contacting the Archives' National Reference Service:
National Reference Service
National Archives of Australia
PO Box 7425
CANBERRA BC ACT 2610
Using information from the BTH name index to find records
If a search of the name index locates entries relating to the person you are researching, we will send you a list of the names found in the index. You will then be able to:
- ask for photocopies of the pages of the original records that mention the name, or
- view the records in the National Archives reading room of the office in which they are held
Reference officers will be able to advise you where the records are located.
In some instances the records may contain distressing or offensive information. The records were created many years ago and are written in the language of the day. Some personally sensitive information in the records is withheld from general access under the provisions of the Archives Act 1983.
If the reason for seeking access is to obtain information for the purpose of re-establishing family and community links, under the Memoranda of Understanding between the Archives and Northern Territory, Victorian and South Australian Indigenous communities you may look at information normally restricted from public access.
Record holdings on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
The BTH name index is not the only information resource available to researchers of Indigenous family history.
While most government records relating to Aboriginal affairs before 1970 were created and maintained by state governments, the National Archives holds large quantities of records relevant to Northern Territory and Victorian Indigenous people.
A number of fact sheets and guides to the Archives' records on Indigenous people are available.
The Victorian Koorie Records Taskforce, in association with the Public Record Office of Victoria, has developed 'Finding your story' website.


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Specification Driven Intelligent P&ID Design Software
CADISON® Piping and instrumentation design software - P&ID Designer is a comprehensive solution for creation of PFD/P&ID, Instrumentation (measurements, hook-up's, I/O's), specifications and calculations (media, pipe specification, pump sizing, pipe sizing, etc.) and report generation.
It is a rule-based P&ID engineering solution that effectively supports an engineer to accurately design a plant as per engineering standards (DIN, EN ISO 10628, ANSI, etc.) and also provide flexibility to configure the system as per company standards.
This P&ID software allows project planning processes and diagrams to merge seamlessly in such a way that all project related data is dynamically available to the users. This in turn allows integration of all preliminary project planning done earlier with basic and detail engineering, and then merged with two-dimensional layout planning. Of course, access to projects/information prepared by use of other modules is possible as well, such as Project Engineer and the objects may be easily inserted in the flow chart by means of Drag & Drop. Its seamless integration with other disciplines such as Electrical Designer and 3D designer ensures data consistency and accuracy across the project life-cycle.
Rapid creation of basic, process and P&ID flow charts based on database environment:
- Object based project structuring and hierarchy creation of plant structures (logical plant, calculation, media specs, etc.). For example, the drive is subordinate to the pump
- Built-in Project Data/Document Manager (PDM) for quick creation and tracking of projects, documents, revisions, etc.
- Comprehensive selection of symbol libraries & catalogs (as per EN, ISO10628, ANSI, etc.) for easy placement in drawing, along with 'Symbol Editor' to create new symbols (with process information)
- Pipelines can be created with corresponding information such as media, pipe class, etc.
- Flow direction management and consistency check over multiple drawings
- Placement of pre-defined assemblies (construction set) using 'Drag & Drop'. (Example: Heat exchanger and nozzles, stop valves, pump groups, vessel groups, etc.)
- Rapid and easy change between different standards and freely definable identification system/Tagging such as DIN, KKS, etc.
- Cross references across various drawings
- Built-in validation tool 'Logic Analyzer' to do connectivity checks, design rules checks to maintain consistency and quality. It also helps to track the changes available for all users.
- A P&ID created can be exported as AutoCAD.dwg file
Integrated Instrumentation features for defining at P&ID stage:
- Definition of measuring points
- Placing of instrumentation components (from symbol libraries) with field devices and signals
- Managing all object information in one common database, thereby improving the information flow between process planning and instrumentation
- Your electric circuit diagrams are aligned directly with the parameters from the process engineering
- Balance the circuit diagrams using the parameters from the process engineering
- Drag and Drop feature to create automatic loop wiring diagram
- Predefined measuring point structure in the form of 'Typicals'
- Use of Pre-fabricated 'Typicals' for automatic graphic generation (Hookups) and presentation of instrumentation in the measuring-point chart
Integrated Pipeline Sizing and Utility Pump Sizing calculations for optimum estimation and selection of equipment at P&ID stage:
- Pipe sizing calculation accurately estimates the pipe diameter, pipe thickness and the pressure drop in the pipes, with this user can determine the diameter of pipe based on flow and acceptable velocity
- Following formulas/standards are adopted in calculation
- Pressure Drop Calculation (using Darcy-Weisbach Equation)
- ASME B31.1-2004 standard for Power Piping to calculate pipe thickness
- ASME B31.3-2004 standard for Process Piping to calculate pipe thickness
- Users can select appropriate pump with Pump Sizing feature of CADISON®. Pump sizing calculation does the hydraulic calculation for a centrifugal pump and estimates differential head, hydraulic power, motor power, NPSH available, etc.
- The pump size calculation is based on flow rate, total differential head, discharge static head, suction static head, and frictional head losses, pump power parameters, etc.
- Pump calculation automatically identifies suction and discharge side pipelines from P&ID based on the connection points
CADISON® P&ID has built-in report generator for accurate reports and datasheets
- Integrated Report Generator enables users to generate various types of reports (valve lists, equipment lists, measurement lists, etc)
- Easily create datasheets in.XLSX, PDF, word format using existing templates
- User can pre-configure the report formats as per company standards
CADISON® P&ID Designer enables users to do conceptual cost estimation at P&ID stage itself
- Users can build project structures with objects (equipments) that have cost and vendor-specific details associated with them
- Cost estimating data structure can be created by using chapters and positions with object(s) /equipment(s) information for extracting reports. at P&ID level
- P&ID Designer can also integrates with ERP through customized interface
Comprehensive Symbol Catalogues :
Comprehensive selection of symbol libraries & catalogs (as per EN, ISO10628, ANSI, etc.) for easy placement in drawing. Users can also create new symbols with process information using 'Symbol Editor' feature of CADISON® P&ID Designer.
During positioning of main objects, drives are graphically positioned as own objects and automatically linked with the associated main object. Pipe nozzles on tanks and vessels may be allocated to the tanks or vessels as subordinated objects. After connection of pipeline they are automatically given the diameter of pipeline. Moreover, manholes are treated as own objects and displayed separately from the tank nozzles.
Automatic Tagging/Labeling Assignment:
All positioned valves & fittings and the equipment are automatically given definite tagging (e.g. DIN or KKS). Reduced manual work for Tagging/labeling by using information from objects and placing it (following your company rules and standards).
Cross Reference Feature:
Cross-reference objects are available for cross-sheet processing that are consistently updated even in case the drawing data are changed (sheet numbers, drawing number etc.).
Dynamic Adaptation of Flow Direction
Pipelines and accessories (valves and fittings, tees etc.) have their definite flow direction. Butterfly valves, pumps etc. will automatically respond.
Automatic Path Finding
Being an integral module, CADISON® P&ID-Designer offers the automatic path finding system. Thus more rapid navigation is possible so that simulations and process optimization can be accomplished.
Integrated Report Generator
All data created by means of CADISON® P&ID-Designer can be issued by the integrated report generator in most different forms and formats. This could for instance be a list of valves and fittings or a preliminary computation for calculation of the required quantity structure.


"It Didn't Happen If You Didn't Write It Down"S
Borrowing an idea from a Tom Clancy novel, software developer and blogger Christopher Schanck explains why he writes everything down, then suggests a handful of worthy tools for the job.
Photo by Jacob Bøtter.
If you think of a good idea and don't record it somewhere, you'll forget it. Inevitably. If you need something done by a certain time and don't record it somewhere, you'll miss it. If you learn something while roaming through code, or exploring a new tool, write your experiences down. You'll thank yourself later.
As far as his write-it-down tool suggestions go, Schanck discusses everything from the classic text editor Emacs and reader favorite mind-mapping tool FreeMind to Evernote and pencil and paper. Ultimately, Schanck doesn't prescribe anything in particular—it's really an individual choice based on what works best for you—because it's not really about the tool you use to do the job, but the benefits of writing things down and taking notes in the first place.
So what about you? Do you prescribe to the "It didn't happen if you didn't write it down" philosophy? Tell us about it in the comments.


text:
Lab Write Up Essay Sample
- Word count: 754
- Category: biology
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Lab Write Up Essay Sample
The tooth formula is a shorthand technique that biologist use to keep track of the teeth on a particular jaw. The formula consisted of two lines, top jaw and bottom jaw, which were used to count how many incisors, canines, premolars, and molar teeth a species had. Species A, Odocoileus virginiaus (white-tailed deer), had a tooth formula of 0033/3133. On the top jaw, the deer had zero incisor and canine teeth but have three of both the premolars and molars. On the bottom jaw, the deer had three incisors, one canine, three premolars, and three molars. Species B, Canis latrans (coyote), had a tooth formula of 3142/3143.
On the top jaw, the coyote had three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and two molars. On the bottom jaw, the coyote has three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and three molars. Both the deer and coyote skull were long and skinny towards the nose and mouth.
The coyote skull had a much rounder nose than the deer. Species C, Homo sapiens (human), had a tooth formula of 2122/2122. On both the top and bottom jaws, there were two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and two molars. In comparison to the deer and coyote skull, the human was an outcast. The human skull was a short distance from the back of the skull to the front. The human skull was very different in bone structure and longer in height than the deer and coyote skulls.
The tooth width from the deer, coyote, and human had a wide range in variety (Figure 1). There was a direct relationship between premolars one and two
Figure 1. Different tooth types in deer, coyote, and human compared by tooth width (cm). using the deer and human. The coyote had much smaller premolars than the deer and human. Figure 1 shows how similar the tooth width of a deer and coyote are. The cusps on the molars were very similar between the coyote and the human. The coyote and human molar cusps were very similar in molars one and two.
In Figure 1, the human and coyote tooth width are almost displayed the same. On molar three, the cusp sizes were very similar between the deer and coyote. The jaw length of a deer, 6.151 cm, is closest to a coyote, 5.507 cm, making the molars towards the back of the jaw more similar to each other than humans. Figure 1 gives a visual on the numbers for data and comparisons.
The tooth sharpness of each animal depended on the type of diet each animal had (Figure 2). The premolars had a linear pattern between the three animals.
Figure 2: Different tooth types of deer, coyote, and humans compared by tooth sharpness (deg.). Coyote's had the sharpest premolars, deer's in-between, and human's with the dullest premolars. Figure 2 compares the degrees of each premolar and each time, the pattern was followed. The molars had no relationship between each animal. Molar one cusp one and two are most closely related in both deer and humans. Molar two cusps one and two are most closely related to deer and human out of the three animals.
The cusps were similar but have about a ten-degree sharpness difference. The molars and cusps human's and deer's and human's were similar but have about a twelve-degree difference between sharpness. In the second molar of the human, the cusps were less sharp than the deer. Figure 2 displays that there was no pattern between the molars of the three animals.
Taking the calculated number of tooth width and dividing it by the matching jaw length found relative tooth width (Figure 3). Relative tooth width displays the tooth width relative to the length of the jaw. The jaw length of a deer was 6.151 cm,
Figure 3: Displays three different animals and how their tooth width is related to their jaw length. which was the longest jaw out of all species compared in this experiment. The coyote had a jaw length of 5.507cm while the human had a jaw length of 2.932 cm. Premolar one of the deer was most similar to the coyote. Premolar's 1, 2, and 3 were in proportion between the human and deer. The relative tooth width of the deer was very close in range while the coyote was not. By looking at Figure 3, this can be determined. The human has the highest relative tooth width out of the three species being compared.


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Antarctica's Mount Erebus may be covered with glaciers, but they do little to cool the volcano's molten core. The world's southernmost volcano to show activity during recorded history, Erebus holds a lava lake and occasionally experiences explosive eruptions. In 2004, the reliable presence of a lava lake at this volcano's summit made Mount Erebus the perfect place to test a self-directed satellite and sensor.
This image shows two views of Mount Erebus from February 6, 2009, captured by sensors on NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The larger image was acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), and the inset image was acquired by the Hyperion sensor. The larger image shows a true-color, photo-like view of the volcano, and the inset image shows thermal activity, highlighting the volcano's molten lava lake.
On May 7, 2004, the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment on EO-1 first demonstrated its ability to detect volcanic activity by sensing thermal emissions at Erebus. After the initial detection, the satellite gave itself new orders to take fresh observations of the volcano several hours later. Scientists who subsequently examined the data EO-1 acquired confirmed that a genuine thermal emission had been detected. Since that time, EO-1 has been successfully employed to detect other volcanic eruptions, including those near densely populated areas.
This Mount Erebus image shows a fairly typical level of activity for the volcano, including a molten lava lake and vapor emissions. Erebus is a stratovolcano composed of alternating layers of solidified ash, hardened lava, and rocks ejected by earlier eruptions. The volcano was erupting when British explorer Captain James Ross first observed it 1841, and it has shown continuous lava lake activity since 1972.


1,700-year old ancient Roman tomb discovered in Tarhuna city, Libya
Last year, archaeologists were witness to the magnificence of ancient Roman legacy on Libyan soil with the discovery of an impressive villa at Ptolemais, which was once a major trading hub of Cyrenaica. And now, at the ending phase of this year, researchers have once again come across the legacy of ancient Roman presence in North Africa, with the identification of a tomb, dating from circa 3rd century AD. It was found in the area of Dogha in Tarhuna city, 40 miles (65 km) to the southeast of Tripoli.
The ancient tomb was found to have both remains and funerary belongings, both which are around 1,700-years old. According to the Municipal Council of Tarhuna, the main structure is composed of a rectangular chamber with two openings and a total of three sarcophagi made of limestone. One of these coffins has a carving that pertains to the original occupant's name – thus shedding light into its Roman origin.
Now in terms of history, the region of Libya played an important role in ancient empires, like Carthage, Achaemenid Persia, and Rome. For example, the ancient settlement of Leptis Magna, located within located within present-day Khoms, in north-western Libya, while being originally founded sometime in the 7th century BC as a Punic city, grew into a strategic Roman stronghold in North Africa by the late Republic time. Much of the growth had to do with the fertile farmlands surrounding the settlement along with the profusion of olive groves in the area – so much so that the city was levied by Caesar with a tax of three million pounds of oil annually.
Source: LibyaObserver
Image Credit: Municipal Council of Tarhuna
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Last Ottoman royal dies in Istanbul at 91
The last Ottoman royal born during before the 600-year dynasty's collapse in the early 1920s died earlier this week.
Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu was 91 when she fell victim to heart attack Monday in Istanbul.
Once known as Imperial Princess of the Ottoman Empire and Princess of Egypt, Sultan was the granddaughter of the last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI, according to Agence France-Presse.
The Ottoman Empire had ruled Turkey, parts of the Middle East and eastern Europe, beginning in 1299.
Neslişah was born just two years before Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded modern Turkey, which brought a formal end to the Ottoman dynasty.
However, while the Ottoman Empire's doom was effectively sealed when it sided with the Central Powers during World War I, it had been in decline for more than a century.
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Boy Names baby nameCríostóir
What does the name Críostóir mean?
The different meanings of the name Críostóir are:
 - Greek meaning: Bearer of Christ
 - Celtic - Gaelic meaning: Bearer of Christ
The meaning of the name "Críostóir" is different in several languages, countries and cultures and has more than one possibly same or different meanings available.
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Aims and scope
Sinergie, Italian Journal of Management (formerly Sinergie, rivista di studi e ricerche) is a peer-reviewed scholarly publication focusing on the principal trends in management, corporate governance and sustainable development.
Connections between research, thought and managerial action are the foundation premises on which to build a future based on the common good.
- Rigor in selecting the studies and papers submitted to the Journal.
- Innovation in research pathways and in service to readers.
- Consideration of 'voices' from the scientific community.
- Openness to all researchers-particularly young researchers.
- Internationalisation of relations with foreign researchers and journals edited in foreign countries.
- Simplicity, in the sense of valuing carefully crafted results and paying attention to interpersonal relationships.
- Respect for the thoughts of authors, staff and the audience.
To build a bridge between business and society, and to bring the Italian management perspective to the international debate on business enterprise and its role in society.
- The Journal is interested in papers with future scenarios/visions that contribute to Sinergie's mission to be a review that is oriented towards the future of business and management.
- The Journal has a generalist positioning, meaning that it intends to cover various management and corporate governance topics, including strategy, marketing, human resources and finance, without limiting itself to company functions or business sector boundaries that are too specialised.
- The Journal aims to promote both empirical and conceptual contributions that are not merely descriptive and/or quantitative in nature. Sinergie aims to balance relevance with rigor and encourages interpretation, critical discussion and reasoning with respect to the measurement of more or less significant phenomena.
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Definition - What does Benzene Ring mean?
Benzene ring is a hexagonal arrangement found in Benzene, an organic chemical compound. The hexagonal arrangement of the benzene ring contains 6 carbon atoms, which have single or double bonds between them. Each of the carbon atoms within the ring is tied with a hydrogen atom. In some cases, the carbon atom maybe bonded with either a single atom or a group of atoms. The hexagonal arrangement is found in the molecules of the benzene as well as its derivatives. It is a natural component of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Due to its high octane number, it is an important constituent of the gasoline.
Petropedia explains Benzene Ring
Benzene ring molecule consists of 6 carbon atoms, having 1 hydrogen atom attached to each of the carbon atoms in the shape of a ring. Its chemical formula is C6H6 and this organic chemical compound is the most natural element of crude oil. Benzene is classified as a hydrocarbon, since its molecules have only carbon and hydrogen. Due to its high octane number in its molecular structure, it is an important constituent of gasoline making it an important fuel for engine; with ell as its derivatives. It is a natural component of crude oil in the petroleum industry.


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By Kelly Elder
Well, summer is officially behind us. The first day of autumn was Monday, September 22 which was a beautiful day. Sunny and warm temperatures allowed the farmers to get back into the fields after rain showers on Sunday.
Fall also arrived without any major frosts being reported in the area. The mercury dropped to near freezing on August 23 and on September 14 it dipped again to zero but left no damaging effects.
The first "killing" frost of the year came on September 24 when the low registered was -1.5°C. Andrew Giraudier, who records the daily temperatures for Environment Canada said that the average date for first frost, using data collected over the past 34 years, is September 20.
We got a full 10 days more of frost free weather over last year when Jack Frost put a frosty end to many gardens in the area with an overnight low of -8.5°C. Giraudier also noted that the recorded temperatures could vary slightly around town with different elevations that are present within the town of Coronach.
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Image Descriptions: A Quick Guide & How-To
What are image descriptions and why are they important? Guest writer Rebecca Marie Stout explains.
By Rebecca Marie Stout, guest writer
Image descriptions are necessary for blind, deafblind, low vision, visually impaired people as well as people with vision processing disorders, ADD / ADHD, other cognitive disorders. Not to mention people who have slow internet connections or limited memory in their devices.
People who use screen readers aren't able to know what a picture looks like, or what images with text say without image descriptions or alt text; and other people who visually read need image descriptions to see or understand what is going on in images.
Image descriptions describe what an image looks like and / or says. The best (and usually easiest) way to include image descriptions is in the caption. You can write a brief explanation covering the basics or you can write a very detailed description – or something in between. You can also include your own commentary or quips if you so choose.
What to include in image descriptions:
 - Placement of objects
 - Surroundings
 - Colors
 - Image styling (photo, painting, meme, etc)
 - People in pictures – if known include race, gender/agender and names. If not known use gender-neutral pronouns and "presents as (feminine, masculine, androgynous)". Same for race ("person of color" or "light complexion"). Include hair color or style, glasses, clothing – if important detail – and position of person or people. Also include emotions (smiling, crying, distant, etc)
 - Animals – if you want to get specific add color(s) and breed.
 - Placement of text and emojis
Where to write image descriptions:
Here are some links for further information and examples of writing an image description. There are also Facebook groups that provide community help with writing image descriptions. Join to get help and to help other people out when you can.
Link for more info and examples:
What is Alt Text:
I used this to help write my post:
A little bit about our guest writer, Rebecca Marie Stout (she/they pronouns): Autistic, blind, living completely from bed, severely chronically ill, and badass truth teller.
illustrated tip jar with dollar bills and coins
Like what you read? Please consider tipping
Rebecca a buck or more directly via Venmo!
If you don't have Venmo, but would still like
to tip Rebecca, click here for the PayPal Tip Jar.
Image description: illustration of tip jar with dollar bills and coins
(This post was checked for accuracy and updated January 7th, 2021)


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
in ancient Egyptian religion, the personification of one of the attributes of the creator god Re-Atum; the term is usually translated as "magic," or "magical power," though its exact meaning pertains to cult practice as well. Heka was believed to accompany Re in his solar boat on its daily trip across the heavens; it could also be given to and used by common men. The Egyptians believed that heka was the primordial force present at the creation of the world, that it could be summoned up during the observance of religious ritual, and that its chief function was the preservation of the natural world order
Learn more about heka with a free trial on
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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Assertions for debugging
Use only in the MuPAD Notebook Interface.
This functionality does not run in MATLAB.
The statement assert(cond) declares that the condition cond holds true at the moment when the statement is evaluated. By default, MuPAD® does not care about assertions. After setting testargs(TRUE), however, MuPAD checks every assertion and stops with an error if boolean evaluation of cond does not give TRUE.
Assertions are a major debugging tool for programmers: by stating frequently what they think to have achieved, programmers make it easy for themselves to detect the first unintended intermediate result.
Example 1
Suppose we want to write a function f that takes an integer as its argument and returns 0 if that integer is a multiple of 3, and 1 otherwise. One idea how to code this could be the following: given an integer n, n modulo 3 must be equal to one of - 1, 1, or 0. In any case, abs(n mod 3) should do what we want:
f := proc(n: DOM_INT): DOM_INT
local k: DOM_INT;
 k := n mod 3;
 assert(k = 1 or k = -1 or k = 0);
Checking assertions is switched on or off using testargs:
oldtestargs := testargs(): testargs(FALSE): f(5)
The result does not equal 1. For debugging purposes, we switch on assertion checking:
testargs(TRUE): f(5)
Error: Assertion 'k = 1 or k = -1 or k = 0' has failed. [f]
This shows that the local variable k must have gotten a wrong value. Indeed, when writing our program we overlooked the difference between mod and the symmetric remainder given by mods.
A boolean expression
Return Values
assert returns TRUE or raises an error.
See Also
MuPAD Functions
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Origin, Distribution and Behavior of Soils
Study of geological origin of soils as well as minerals, rocks, rock structure, weathering, glaciation, erosion, and deposition. Topics include distribution of soils in North America; residual, glacial and water-wind deposited soils; soil characteristics and behavior; engineering classification; volume-weight relationships; physical properties; and stresses within soil masses. 3 Credits (2 Lecture - 3 Lab) Prerequisite(s): ENL111 and MTH180 or ENL111 and MTH240. Corequisite(s): PHS115 or PHS201. (Writing Enriched) Fall Only.


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In order to ensure that the experiment has accurate guidance for the inlet cylinder casting, the stepped shaped test block with the same main wall thickness as the inlet cylinder is selected. The section wall thickness of the step is 400 mm, 150 mm and 70 mm, and the length of each section is 220 mm. It is shown in Fig. 1.
According to the theoretical analysis and the practical experience of our company in other high-end ductile iron castings research, the carbon equivalent CE in the melting process and the amount of scrap charge as the main variable factors were set as the control group. For CE setting, the reasonable matching of C and Si contents is mainly considered, and the control group with different C and Si contents is set for grouping study. The addition amount of scrap charge is a process measure matching with the content of C element. The control group is set to study the influence trend of shrinkage cavity and porosity, and the reasonable addition proportion is finally selected. The composition of the casting test block is set as the target component of the final product after the molten iron is spheroidized and inoculated.
The control group was poured and analyzed. The shrinkage cavity and porosity tendency of casting and the morphology of thick and large section graphite were analyzed and studied in the detection and test link. The shrinkage cavity and porosity tendency was mainly studied by UT detection and physical and chemical anatomy, and the graphite morphology was mainly studied by metallographic examination and physical and chemical property testing.


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A Real Gem
Vehicles that skim over rough seas and
rugged terrain on a cushion of air are called hovercraft, hydroskimmers
or ground-effects machines (GEM). You can build a model that will
show how these almost friction-free air supported vehicles work.
- A metal pie pan with a smooth bottom
- A spool
- A balloon
- Turn the pan over and punch a small hole in the center.
- Glue the spool to the
inside of the pan, centering it over the hole.
- Stretch the neck
of the balloon well down over the spool.
- Inflate the balloon by
blowing through the hole in the bottom of the pan.


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Project duration: 6 months
CLIENT: Silesian Tourist Organization
Silesian Tourist Organization was established in 2004 by the Marshall's Office of Silesian Voivodeship, Cieszynski Poviat, The City of Gliwice, Beskidy Chamber of Tourism, Polish Chamber of Tourism – Silesian Office, travel agencies and local offices of the Polish Tourist Country-Lovers (PTTK) society. The task of Silesian Tourist Organization is widely taken promotion of Silesian Voivodeship in Poland and abroad.
- Creating a unique and only Poland's culinary brand "Silesian Flavors" which alludes to the promotional catchword of the Silesian Voivodeship: "Silesia. Positive Energy".
- Silesian Flavors is a diverse and umbrella brand. The concept is based on a certification program for restaurants offering traditional Silesian cuisine (something similar to Michelin recommendations).
- The essence of Silesian Flavors is conveying the wealth of experience provided by the diversity of the Silesian region, also in culinary terms. Silesian Flavors are a part of the "slow food" trend, promoting an aware style of living and eating as well as culinary tourism. According to the sentence saying that "The way to a man's heart is through his stomach", tourists more and more often, apart from interesting monuments and cultural events, look for a tasty, original, and not mass-oriented regional cuisine that becomes an indicator of a given place.
- Taking the big success of a culinary event Silesian Flavors Festival, which has taken place in Silesian towns since 2006, there has been a need for developing this event to a tourist product.
- Existence of a strong promotional campaign of Silesian Voivodeship: "Silesia. Positive Energy", which draws attention to the region's diversity.
- The Silesian Voivodeship's cuisine is diverse, it includes 8 so-called "regional tables" (according to Marek Szoltysek's classification), divided into even smaller local culinary traditions. That's why there has been a need for creating one brand collecting different kinds of the Silesian Voivodeship's cuisine.
- Growing popularity of the "slow food" trend, popularizing an aware style of living and eating, as well as culinary tourism.
- Conducting comprehensive focus research with TNS Pentor on the idea of Silesian Flavors' brand among restaurant owners from the Silesian Voivodeship. Result of this research was information about positive attitude of restaurant owners to the Silesian Voivodeship cuisine and about the need to create a common brand which could be Silesian Flavors.
- The strategy was developed in the process of meetings with representatives of Silesian Tourist Organization, Marshal's Office of Silesian Voivodeship, representatives of the Silesian Culinary Group, Silesian Flavor Chapter and the contractors (Planet PR agency in cooperation with Publicon agency).
- Preparing the methodology to launch the Silesian Flavors brand, based on four steps: preliminary, brand implementation, development and strengthening, in order to increase expenditure and development of this initiative with simultaneous change in its financing method. The goal was to be the possibility of brand's self-financing thanks to the development of certification program.
- Preparing a comprehensive system of brand visualization enabling the promotion of restaurants taking part in the program, Silesian Flavors Festival and consistent communication of the Silesian Flavors brand.
- Preparing new visual identification of the Silesian Flavors Festival.
- Preparing several plans of the brand promotional campaign to be used depending the available budget.
- Implementation-ready, comprehensive strategy for building a new "Silesian Flavors" brand.
- Innovative web tourist product covering all the voivodeship.
- Positive evaluation of the Silesian Flavors brand concept by regional media and representatives of tourist and culinary industry in Silesian Voivodeship.


What does ous mean?
ous meaning in General Dictionary
An adjective suffix indicating high in abounding in having possessing the characteristics of like as in gracious abounding in elegance difficult full of ardor bulbous having light bulbs bulblike riotous poisonous piteous joyous an such like
Sentence Examples with the word ous
Ducts, one right and one left, continu ous with the tubular branches of the gonads.
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libpq is the C application programmer's interface to PostgreSQL. libpq is a set of library routines that allow client programs to pass queries to the PostgreSQL backend server and to receive the results of these queries. libpq is also the underlying engine for several other PostgreSQL application interfaces, including libpq++ (C++), libpgtcl (Tcl), Perl, and ecpg. So some aspects of libpq's behavior will be important to you if you use one of those packages.
Three short programs are included at the end of this section to show how to write programs that use libpq. There are several complete examples of libpq applications in the following directories:
Frontend programs that use libpq must include the header file libpq-fe.h and must link with the libpq library.


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Pick a number from 1 to 10. What is the probability
that you picked an odd number?
are five odd numbers between 1 and ten.
The probability is 5:10. Or you can express it
as a fraction: 5/10. Since it's a fraction, why not reduce it?
The probability that you will pick an odd number is 1/2.
Probability can also be expressed
as a percent...1/2=50%