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- Very Basic Database Application in Delphi
- Most Basic Editing Database in Delphi
- Manipulating Database Record with Codes
- Master Detail Datasets
Beside plain simple data, such as strings and numbers, in most (if not all) modern database we usually can also store digital values of nearly unlimited size. We can use this for example to store images, text files, executables, and binary libraries. This kind of values usually called BLOB, short for binary large object. Fields to store these values also refered as blob fields.
See this wikipedia page for more information about BLOB.
The following database is known to support blob fields (note: the list covers only a very small fraction of database supporting blob fields).
- MS SQL Server
- MS Access
Handling BLOB value in Delphi datasets
There is no primitive data type in Delphi directly available to handle BLOB value. Therefore we have to settle with handling BLOB as stream. TBlobStream is a descendant of TStream that was defined to handle BLOB values as stream. See here for official information on TBlobStream.
Excerpt from Delphi documentation about TBlobStream:
DBTables.TBlobStream is a stream object that provides services which allow applications to read from or write to field objects that represent Binary large object (BLOB) fields.
Use DBTables.TBlobStream to access or modify the value of a BLOB field in a BDE-enabled dataset. TBlob stream works with persistent TBlobField objects (including descendants of TBlobField such as TGraphicField and TMemoField). BLOB fields use BLOB streams to read data from and write data to the dataset.
DBTables.TBlobStream allows objects that have no specialized knowledge of how data is stored in a BLOB field to read or write such data by employing the uniform stream mechanism.
To use a BLOB stream, create an instance of DBTables.TBlobStream, use the methods of the stream to read or write the data, and then free the BLOB stream. Do not use the same instance of DBTables.TBlobStream to access data from more than one record. Instead, create a new DBTables.TBlobStream object every time you need to read or write BLOB data on a new record.
The most important thing you should note is that you can not reuse an instance of TBlobStream. You must free it as soon as you are done with it, and create new one for another record.
Another important thing you should remember is that it is prefered to call a dataset's CreateBlobStream method instead of directly call TBlobStream's constructor. Because this approach will give the dataset a chance to prepare itself.
Writing BLOB field
Basic steps in writing to a BLOB field:
- If the dataset is no in editing mode, put the dataset into the mode by either calling Edit or Insert.
- Create a TBlobStream by calling respected dataset's CreateBlobStream method and specifying the field and bmWrite as access mode.
- Fill the returned TBlobStream with your binary value.
- Free the TBlobStream.
- Store the changes by posting the modification, either by calling Post or CheckBrowseMode.
Reading BLOB field
Basic steps in writing to a BLOB field:
- Create a TBlobStream by calling respected dataset's CreateBlobStream method and specifying the field and bmRead as access mode.
- Read the content of the returned TBlobStream
- Free the TBlobStream.
- Use the read content according to task in hand
In next sections I show you the implementations of the above steps in order to store and read images to and from some database.
Handling Images in MS Access
For our demo project with MS Access, create a new Delphi application project. Drop these components to the main forms and rename them respectively:
- TADOConnection, cnnMain
- TADOTable, tblMovies
- TDataSource, dsMovies
- TOpenPictureDialog, OpenPictureDialog1
- TADOCommand, qCmd
- TDBGrid, DBGrid1
- TImage, Image1
- TBitBtn, btnOpenUrl
- TBitBtn, btnAddPict
- TBitBtn, btnAddPictSQL
Arrange the controls/components into a layout something like this:
Wire tblMovies's and qCmd's Connection properties to cnnMain. Set dsMovies' Dataset to tblMovies. Wire DBGrid1's DataSource to dsMovies. Build the connection string of cnnMain by double clicking it. Make sure the connection string pointing to the sample ms access datase attached here (download and save it somewhere in your computer).
Set Movies to tblMovies' TableName property. Build the persistent fields for tblMovies by double clicking it and then Add all fields in the dialog that pops up.
Give the following SQL command to qCmd's CommandText.
UPDATE Movies SET Picture=:Picture WHERE [ID]=:IDCheck that qCmd has two parameters, Picture and ID, by opening its Parameters property in object inspector.
Writing Image With Table-kind of Dataset
What I mean with Table-kind datasets are datasets that containing records, e.g. TTable, TADOTable, TQuery with SELECT query, and TADODataset with SELECT query. For these kind of datasets, we can store BLOBs directly to the corresponding fields. This is where TBlobStream plays important role.
In our demo project we will use a TADOTable which we named tblMovies.
Put the following codes for btnAddPict's event handler:
procedure TForm1.btnAddPictClick(Sender: TObject); var vBlobStream: TStream; vFileStream: TStream; vEditing: Boolean; begin // do we have record to store the picture to? Don't continue if not if tblMovies.IsEmpty then Exit; // do the user select a picture file? Dont continue if not if not OpenPictureDialog1.Execute then Exit; // are we in editing mode? Enter into one if not vEditing := tblMovies.State in [dsEdit, dsInsert]; if not vEditing then tblMovies.Edit; // enter editing mode if not in one try // create writable TBlobStream for field 'Picture' of tblMovies [b]vBlobStream := tblMovies.CreateBlobStream(tblMoviesPicture, bmWrite);[/b] try // create stream of the selected picture file vFileStream := TFileStream.Create(OpenPictureDialog1.FileName, fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyNone); try // copy the content of picture stream to the TBlobStream [b]vBlobStream.CopyFrom(vFileStream, 0);[/b] finally vFileStream.Free; end; finally // freeing writable TBlobStream also writes its content to the underlying field vBlobStream.Free; end; finally // post the changes if we are the one putting into editing mode if not vEditing then tblMovies.CheckBrowseMode; end; end;
I think the code and the comments pretty much explained everything about the process.
Writing Image with SQL command
In this case we want to store images using SQL command INSERT or UPDATE. It will be different with the method we used with table-kind of datasets, since obviously here we don't have a TField to help us out. No TBlobStream for us here. However we have TParameter objects to work with.
Basically TParameter is a way to communicate with our sql command. We pass values using TParameter, and we also read values using TParameter. Declaration of TParameter is done directly inside the sql command itself. Just add a colon (:) in front of the parameter's name, and later Delphi will create instance(s) of corresponding TParameter(s) for you.
For our example here, we have given this sql: UPDATE Movies SET Picture=:Picture WHERE [ID]=:ID. The bold parts are the ones
that define our two TParameter-s, i.e. Picture and ID. Of course initially these TParameter-s have no value. So before we execute the sql, we need to give values to them. TParameter is capable to hold BLOB value, like I show you in the OnClick event handler of btnAddPictSQL below:
procedure TForm1.btnAddPictSQLClick(Sender: TObject); var vFileStream: TStream; begin // do we have record to store the picture to? Don't continue if not if tblMovies.IsEmpty then Exit; // do the user select a picture file? Dont continue if not if not OpenPictureDialog1.Execute then Exit; // load the picture file into a stream vFileStream := TFileStream.Create(OpenPictureDialog1.FileName, fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyNone); try // give ID of the current movie record to the :ID parameter of qCmd qCmd.Parameters.ParamByName('ID').Value := tblMoviesID.Value; // Assign the content of FS stream to the :Picture parameter [b]qCmd.Parameters.ParamByName('Picture').LoadFromStream(vFileStream, ftBlob);[/b] // execute the sql qCmd.Execute; // refresh the table so it shows the new picture RefreshTable; finally vFileStream.Free; end; end;
Reading Image from Dataset
Here is the code in our demo project to read image from the dataset (in this case tblMovies).
procedure TForm1.LoadPicture; var BS: TStream; vGraphic: TGraphic; begin // clear the currently displayed picture Image1.Picture.Graphic := nil; // do we have something to display? if tblMovies.IsEmpty then Exit; // Get a TBlobStream instance from the content of field Picture of tblMovies, with read-only access BS := tblMovies.CreateBlobStream(tblMovies.FieldByName('Picture'), bmRead); try // create the object to parse the image information into jpg picture vGraphic := TJPEGImage.Create; try // give the content of our TB


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varchar columns: Similarly to the previous sin, when your attribute has a fixed character size, there is no point in using a varying character type. If your attribute has exactly 3 characters, why use varchar(3)?
Extra evil bonus: varchar(1) will get you double points.
- Storing duration in time or datetime columns: Datetime and time represent points in time and they are not meant for storing durations. If you really want to store a duration, use a numeric column to store the number of seconds (it's the ANSI standard unit measure for representing a duration). Even better, you could store the start/end date and time in two separate datetime columns. SQL Server 2016 also supports periods.
- Getting Unicode wrong: Choosing nvarchar for attributes that will never contain Unicode data and choosing varchar for attributes that can contain Unicode data are equally evil and will get you instant damnation. For instance, a ZIP code will only contain numeric characters, so using Unicode data types will have the only outcome of wasting space. At the same time, storing customer business names or annotations in varchar columns means that you won't be able to persist international characters. While it may appear quite unlikely that such characters will ever appear in your database, you will regret your decision when that happens (and it will).
- Messing with XML: I'm not a big fan of XML in the database, but sometimes it can come handy. Storing XML data in a plain varchar column is a very bad idea. The XML data type provides validation rules that won't allow in invalid or malformed XML and also provides functions to manipulate the XML data. Storing schema-less XML is another bad idea: if you have an XML schema use it, otherwise you will end up saving invalid data. On the other hand, using XML to go "beyond relational" and mimic Oracle's nested tables will only get you damned. Fun times.
- Using different data types in different tables for the same attribute: there's only one thing worse than getting your data types wrong: getting them wrong in multiple places. Once you decided the data type to store an attribute, don't change your mind when designing new tables. If it is a varchar(10), don't use varchar(15) in your next table. Usually proper foreign key constraints help you avoid this issue, but it's not always the case.
If this query returns rows, chances are that you have schizophrenic columns in your database schema:
WITH my_schema AS ( SELECT OBJECT_NAME(c.object_id) AS table_name, c.name AS column_name, t.name AS type_name, c.max_length, c.precision, c.scale FROM sys.columns AS c INNER JOIN sys.types AS t ON c.system_type_id = t.system_type_id ), incarnations AS ( SELECT *, DENSE_RANK() OVER ( PARTITION BY column_name ORDER BY type_name, max_length, precision, scale ) AS incarnation_number FROM my_schema ), incarnation_count AS ( SELECT *, MAX(incarnation_number) OVER ( PARTITION BY column_name ) AS incarnation_count FROM incarnations ) SELECT * FROM incarnation_count WHERE incarnation_count > 1 ORDER BY incarnation_count DESC, column_name, type_name, max_length, precision, scale;
The lack of proper constraints will be the topic of the next post, when we will meet the anarchic designers. Stay tuned!
Object-Oriented programming taught us that generalizing is a good thing and, whenever possible, we should do it. Complex class hierarchies are a good way of reusing code, hitting the specialized classes only when a special implementation is needed.
In the database world, the concept doesn't play exactly well.
What they say in Heaven
In Heaven, there is a lookup table for each attribute, no matter how simple and no matter how small is the lookup table.
For instance, if your database is about sales, you probably have a Customers table and an Orders table, each with its own attributes resolved through a Foreign Key. The lookup tables are usually very small, with just a handful of rows in them:
Temptation comes from our own desires
Wouldn't that be great if you could stop adding small, insignificant tables to your database schema? Wouldn't it be a lot easier if you had ONE table to store all that lookup nonsense? "Less is more" after all, isn't it?
If you had a "One True Lookup Table", everything would be more elegant and simple. Look at this database schema:
Isn't it elegant and clean?
INSERT INTO LookupTable (table_name, lookup_code, lookup_description) VALUES ('Order_Status', 'OP', 'Open'), ('Order_Status', 'CL', 'Closed'), ('Order_Status', 'SH', 'Shipped');
Devil's in the details
You may have less tables to deal with now, but there's a price to pay. A bigger price than you would have expected.
- No foreign keys: Did you notice that the foreign keys are gone? In order to create a foreign key, you would have to add the lookup table name to the Orders and Customers tables, for each attribute stored in the lookup table. I don't think you would like it.
- Generic data type: In order to merge all lookup tables in one, you need to choose a "generic" data type that fits for all. The most generic data type is a character-based type, so you'll probably end up with a huge nvarchar column. You probably don't want the same huge column in the referencing tables and you could end up having different data types between the main tables and the lookups. One more not-so-good idea. Moreover, when you're joining your tables with the lookup table, you will have implicit (or explicit) conversions happening, which is a performance nightmare.
- Single Hotspot: Instead of hitting multiple tables for lookups, everyone will hit the same table over and over. This will create a hotspot in the database, with locking and latching issues all over the place.
- Acrobatic constraints: Defining constraints on a generic table becomes very difficult. Not an impossible deal, but very difficult. For the schema in this example, you could define a CHECK constraint to enforce the use of the correct data type, but the syntax of the constraint will not be very straightforward:
CHECK( CASE WHEN lookup_code ='states' AND lookup_code LIKE '[A-Z][A-Z]' THEN 1 WHEN lookup_code = 'priorities' AND lookup_code LIKE '[0-9]' THEN 1 WHEN lookup_code = 'countries' AND lookup_code LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9]' THEN 1 WHEN lookup_code ='status' AND lookup_code LIKE '[A-Z][A-Z]' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END = 1 )
It could get even worse
As soon as you start to realize that trading multiple lookup tables for an OTLT is not a good deal, devil will raise the bid and offer the ultimate generalization: the Entity Attribute Value, also known as "EAV".
If you come to think of it, who needs fixed attributes in a table when you can have as many attributes as you want in a general-purpose table? Why messing with ALTER TABLE statements when you can have a single table that can store an infinite number of attributes that you can bind to any row in any table?
A typical EAV schema looks like this:
This way, you can have any type of attribute bound to your main entities. For instance, to define a "ship_date" attribute in your Orders table, you just have to insert a couple of rows in your EAV schema:
INSERT INTO Entities (entity_id, entity_name) VALUES (1, 'Orders'); INSERT INTO AttributeNames (attribute_id, entity_id, attribute_name) VALUES (1, 1,'ship_date'); INSERT INTO AttributeValues (attribute_id, entity_id, id, value) VALUES (1, 1, 123, '2015-06-24 22:10:00.000');
Looks like a great idea, doesn't it? Unfortunately, it is not.
- Generic data types: again, what would prevent a date such as '2015-02-30 18:30:00.000' from being assigned to the ship date? Uh-oh: nothing.
- No foreign keys: again, enforcing foreign key constraints would be impossible.
- A single hotspot in the database: every attribute for every table involved in this nonsense would have to be looked up in the same table.
- No constraints: how would you enforce a constraint as simple as "NOT NULL"? Good luck with that.
- Dreadful reporting queries: when you will be asked to create a report on a table that uses this paradigm (I said "when", not "if", because it will happen), you will have to OUTER JOIN to the EAV table for each and every attribute that you want to retrieve. In case you are wondering if this is good or bad, take into account that the optimizer starts to freak out when it finds too many JOINS in a query and will likely timeout looking for a decent execution plan, feeding you the best it could come up with (usually, a mess).
Some software solutions are entirely based on user-defined attributes and the ability to define them is a central feature. For instance, many CRM solutions are heavily dependent on user-defined attributes. However, there are many ways to achieve the same results without resorting to an EAV design. For instance, one could wonder why ALTERing the database schema seems to be a less desirable solution.
There are also many flavors of EAV, with different degrees of evil involved. Some implementations at least provide different columns for different data types, some others use XML or JSON.
The EAV design comes with the intent of solving a real world problem that doesn't have a definitive

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Moving Text box over arc
 - Moving Text box over arc
 I am referring to the speedometer example code. In the example code, the speed of the speedometer is displayed at a fixed location.
 Instead of showing the speed at a fixed location, I wanted to display the speed over arc/dial. I have attached the image so that you will get to know what exactly I am expecting.
 I have a radius of speedometer and angle of speed indicator. Could you please let me know how to move text box (Speed reading) over a speedometer dial?
 If you have a similar kind of example code, could you please share it?
 - Capture.PNG
 41.11 kB, 346×263, viewed 129 times


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Definition of Thick-billed murre
1. Noun. A variety of murre.
Thick-billed Murre Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Thick-billed Murre Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Thick-billed Murre
Literary usage of Thick-billed murre
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled Murrelet by C. John Ralph (1997)
"... and Nettleship and Evans (1985) present reviews of the reproductive biology of Atlantic alcids (Dovekie, Razorbill, Common Murre, thick-billed murre,..."
2. A Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northern United States: Including by David Starr Jordan (1904)
"aa. Depth of bill at angle more than J culmen. 638. U. lomvia (L.). THICK-BILLED MURRE. Dusky; secondaries white-tipped ; basal part of upper..."
Other Resources Relating to: Thick-billed murre

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Definitions of domain:
- noun: a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about
Example: "It was a limited domain of discourse"
- noun: territory over which rule or control is exercised
Example: "His domain extended into Europe"
- noun: the set of values of the independent variable for which a function is defined
- noun: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest
- noun: a particular environment or walk of life
Search for domain at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


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Suffering from sickness or nausea caused by the motion of a ship at sea.
More example sentences
- Though a good general, Medina Sidonia had never been to sea before and when he did get on board his ship, he got seasick.
- I get seasick, air-sick and used to get terribly car-sick as a child.
- For example, a person on a boat who starts to feel seasick should immediately watch the horizon.
- More example sentences
- I hated the whole journey there, complaining first of seasickness, then sickness of riding my horse, and finally just plain sickness of travelling.
- I also began to throw up because of seasickness.
- And don't let seasickness put you off travelling.
Definition of seasick in:
- The British & World English dictionary


text: Kevin Kelly does a short essay on adaptive peaks vs. wells (or basins). Inverting the landscape leads to a different way of thinking about the energy required to adapt, and therefore to the strategies needed to get to a local (or general) optimum. Is the optimum attractive (like a basin) or do we have to fight gravity to get there (a mountain)? Does the going get easier as we get near, or harder? Do we know when we're moving in the right direction, or when to change strategies?


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Definitions of cotton
n. - A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a half. 2
n. - The cotton plant. See Cotten plant, below. 2
n. - Cloth made of cotton. 2
v. i. - To rise with a regular nap, as cloth does. 2
v. i. - To go on prosperously; to succeed. 2
v. i. - To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually followed by with. 2
v. i. - To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton; -- used with to. 2
The word "cotton" uses 6 letters: C N O O T T.
No direct anagrams for cotton found in this word list.
List shorter words within cotton, sorted by length
All words formed from cotton by changing one letter
Browse words starting with cotton by next letter


text: Do you ever wonder what happens when you train a machine learning model on really bad data? In this article, we show the effect of bad data on a machine learning model. Specifically, we take a good data set conducive towards modeling and distort the data in two different ways. First, we randomly distort the labels and train models using this randomly distorted label field. Second, we distort the labels in a biased way and then again train models using this distorted label field. These two types of distortion will allow us to see how different types of bad data can affect a model.


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Manuscript Preparation, Copyediting, and Proofreading
Q. If a book contains only one table, is it necessary to number it?
A. No. In that case, a number would serve no purpose. Even with many tables, numbers are not always needed. Assign numbers if the author uses them to refer to the tables elsewhere in the text, or if you think readers would find them helpful for citing—for instance, in digital publications without page numbers.


Record-holder Dheeraj is a walking encyclopedia on famed elephants in Kerala
Dheeraj S Nair
Dheeraj S Nair
Kumaranelloor: Meet Dheeraj S Nair who recently entered the India Book of Records for his exceptional knowledge about elephants.
In just 2 minutes and 58 seconds this Kindergarten student can recite the names of 109 elephants in Kerala. He learned about elephants from his grand-uncle, PN Sreekumar who was the Administrative Officer of the Devaswom Board. Dheeraj can also understand the body language of elephants, the name of the mascots as well as the ones who recently died.
Moreover, Dheeraj knows everything from the eye colour of a particular elephant, the length of its trunk, the ones who have the maximum number of nails and why they are considered great, the number of elephants at the Guruvayoor Devaswom, the significance of Guruvayoor Kesavan to Malayalam films, and also about the elephant owners.
Dheeraj will instantly tell you that the heaviest Asian Elephant is Guruvayoor Nandan who weighs 7,500 kg. Of course at times his mom, Divya Nair helps in recalling some of these answers. Dheeraj plans to buy an elephant when he grows up.
Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan, MLA, congratulated him. NSS local union administrators and elephant owners once came home with bouquets.


Serodiscordant Relationship
Last Updated: July 2, 2018
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Definition - What does Serodiscordant Relationship mean?
A serodiscordant relationship is an intimate romantic relationship between an HIV positive person and an HIV negative person.
The term serodiscordant is a portmanteau of seroconversion, the medical term for HIV positive, and discordant, meaning at odds.
There are several synonyms for serodiscordant relationship, including serodifferent relationship, positive-negative relationship, mixed status relationship, mixed Sero-status relationship, magnetic relationship, inter-viral relationship, and sero-divergent relationship.
Kinkly explains Serodiscordant Relationship
While people in all relationships face challenges, there are some difficulties unique to serodiscordant relationships. The HIV positive person may worry about transmitting the virus to their partner, while the HIV negative person may worry about becoming HIV positive. The HIV negative person may also become overly concerned about the HIV positive person's health and care, which can become overwhelming and stifling. As HIV and the medications that treat it can take a toll on physical appearance, the HIV positive person may struggle with feelings of low self-esteem or self-worth. As with all health problems, HIV itself can also take a toll on these relationships.
People who are HIV negative typically enter a serodiscordant relationship understanding and accepting their partners' HIV status. However, in some cases people without HIV start serodiscordant relationships without knowing their partners are HIV positive. This realization can be very difficult and add extra challenges to a serodiscordant relationship. Good communication about any concerns can help people in serodiscordant relationships overcome their challenges. Couples counseling can help also help.
Serodiscordant relationships were arguably more difficult when HIV and AIDS were first emerging and not widely understood. However, medical advances and increased education has helped many people feel more comfortable with HIV and the prospect of entering a relationship with someone that is HIV positive.
While there is always a risk of any HIV positive person transmitting the virus to a HIV negative partner, antiviral medications can significantly reduce these risks. HIV negative people have a 90 percent less chance of contracting HIV if they take pre-exposure prophylaxis. Condoms and choosing certain sexual activities over others can further reduce the risk of infection.
Some people in these kinds of relationships accept the term serodiscordant relationship, but others feel it has negative connotations and prefer the alternative terms listed above.
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Simple, Robust and Optimal Ranking from Pairwise Comparisons
Nihar B. Shah, Martin J. Wainwright; 18(199):1−38, 2018.
We consider data in the form of pairwise comparisons of $n$ items, with the goal of identifying the top $k$ items for some value of $k < n$, or alternatively, recovering a ranking of all the items. We analyze the Borda counting algorithm that ranks the items in order of the number of pairwise comparisons won, and show it has three attractive features: (a) it is an optimal method achieving the information-theoretic limits up to constant factors; (b) it is robust in that its optimality holds without imposing conditions on the underlying matrix of pairwise-comparison probabilities, in contrast to some prior work that applies only to the BTL parametric model; and (c) its computational efficiency leads to speed-ups of several orders of magnitude. We address the problem of exact recovery, and for the top-$k$ recovery problem we also extend our results to obtain sharp guarantees for approximate recovery under the Hamming distortion metric, and more generally, to any arbitrary error requirement that satisfies a simple and natural monotonicity condition. In doing so, we introduce a general framework that allows us to treat a variety of problems in the literature in an unified manner.
|© JMLR 2018.|


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HitTest(Point, Single) Method [InkDisp Class]
HitTest(Point, Single) Method [InkDisp Class]
HRESULT HitTestCircle ( [in] long x, [in] long y, [in] float radius, [out, retval] IInkStrokes **Strokes );
[Microsoft® Visual Basic® 6.0]
Public Function HitTestCircle( _ x As Long, _ y As Long, _ radius As Single _ ) As InkStrokes;
[in] The radius of the circle to use in the hit test, in ink space units.
[in] The x-position of the center of the hit test circle in ink space units.
[in] The y-position of the center of the hit test circle in ink space units.
[out] Returns the collection of strokes that are either completely inside or intersected by the specified circle.
|E_POINTER||A parameter contained an invalid pointer.|
|E_INK_EXCEPTION||An exception occurred inside the method.|
|E_INVALIDARG||Invalid display handle.|
|E_UNEXPECTED||Unexpected parameter or property type.|
If a stroke intersects the circle, the complete stroke is returned.
The method computes the intersection, considering the full set of drawing attributes that apply to the stroke, including the full pen width, Bezier smoothing (if present), and shape of the pen tip.
After a rotation or shear transform has been performed on a stroke or a collection of strokes, the transformed x- and y-coordinates are no longer concentric with the original coordinates. Because of this, the radius argument should not be calculated from the x- or y-coordinates.
The application must always pass in a destination pointer for the resulting collection of strokes. If there are no intersections, the collection has a count of zero.
[Visual Basic 6.0]
This Visual Basic 6.0 example shows how to find the InkStrokes collection that is associated with the smallest set of IInkRecognitionAlternate objects that include the strokes selected by clicking the mouse in the drawing space of Form1, where the ink strokes have been recognized and the result is in an IInkRecognitionResult object, theRecognitionResult. This example starts with a standard exe application, adds a reference to the Microsoft Tablet PC Type Library, and has a text box Text1 and a check box HitTestMode added to the form. When the check box is unchecked, ink is collected and recognized, with the top alternate placed in the text box. When the check box is checked, a click with the mouse or a tap with the pen will use HitTest(Point, Single) to find the collection of strokes within a hit test radius of 200 ink space units and color it red.
Option Explicit Dim WithEvents theInkCollector As InkCollector Dim WithEvents theRecognizerContext As InkRecognizerContext Dim theRecognitionResult As IInkRecognitionResult Dim hasRecoResult As Boolean Dim theStrokes As InkStrokes Private Sub HitTestMode_Click() theInkCollector.Enabled = Not theInkCollector.Enabled End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() ScaleMode = vbPixels 'Initialize the InkCollector Set theInkCollector = New InkCollector theInkCollector.hWnd = Me.hWnd theInkCollector.Enabled = True 'Create new RecognizerContext Dim theRecognizers As New InkRecognizers Dim theRecognizer As IInkRecognizer Set theRecognizer = theRecognizers.GetDefaultRecognizer Set theRecognizerContext = theRecognizer.CreateRecognizerContext 'Initialize the recognizer's strokes 'and assign them to the RecognizerContext Set theStrokes = theInkCollector.ink.Strokes Set theRecognizerContext.Strokes = theStrokes 'Clear the hit test check box HitTestMode.Value = 0 hasRecoResult = False End Sub Private Sub Form_MouseDown( _ Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single) Dim inkX As Long Dim inkY As Long Dim hitStrokes As InkStrokes Dim AltStrokes As InkStrokes'Convert the mouse down to ink space coordinates If hasRecoResult And HitTestMode.Value = 1 Then inkX = CLng(X) inkY = CLng(Y) theInkCollector.Renderer.PixelToInkSpace Form1.hDC, inkX, inkY 'Get the stroke set hit by the mouse (within a radius 'of 200 HIMETRIC) and color it red. Set hitStrokes = theInkCollector.ink.HitTestCircle(inkX, inkY, 200) If hitStrokes.Count > 0 Then Set AltStrokes = _ theRecognitionResult.TopAlternate.GetStrokesFromStrokeRanges(hitStrokes) Dim theStroke As IInkStrokeDisp For Each theStroke In theInkCollector.ink.Strokes theStroke.DrawingAttributes.Color = RGB(0, 0, 0) Next For Each theStroke In AltStrokes theStroke.DrawingAttributes.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0) Next Form1.Refresh End If End If End Sub Private Sub theRecognizerContext_RecognitionWithAlternates( _ ByVal RecognitionResult As IInkRecognitionResult, _ ByVal CustomData As Variant, _ ByVal RecognitionStatus As MSINKAUTLib.InkRecognitionStatus) Set theRecognitionResult = RecognitionResult 'Update the text box with the top result Text1.Text = theRecognitionResult.TopString hasRecoResult = True End Sub Private Sub theInkCollector_Stroke( _ ByVal Cursor As MSINKAUTLib.IInkCursor, _ ByVal Stroke As MSINKAUTLib.IInkStrokeDisp, _ Cancel As Boolean) 'When a new stroke is collected, add it to 'the RecognizerContext's strokes collection theStrokes.Add Stroke 'Tell the RecognizerContext to recognize theRecognizerContext.BackgroundRecognizeWithAlternates End Sub


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Bricks and Mortar: Building a Castle : Page 2
Getting Objects Out of the Container
In this section, you'll look at the various ways to get objects out of the container.
Hey, Container, I Need an IAccountsPayable
The most common container lookup asks the container for the implementer of a particular interface:
var ap = IoC.Resolve();
You ask the container for the implementer of IAccountsPayable and it returns an object that implements the requested interface. The returned object is ready to perform work for you when you call its methods/properties. Any of AccountsPayable's dependencies have been resolved and satisfied before the container returns it to you.
If multiple implementations of IAccountsPayable have been registered in the container, Castle Windsor returns the first one registered.
Author's Note: This is an area where containers differ substantially. Some containers throw an exception if multiple implementations have been registered whereas others return the last implementation registered. Read the container documentation carefully if you are contemplating switching from one IoC container to another and are dependent on this override behavior.
In the Key of T
Let's say you are integrating multiple databases and access them via IDbGateway implementations. You have an IDbGateway per database registered in the IoC container. How do you get the specific IDbGateway that you are looking for? If you need a specific implementation, you can request it by string-based key:
var gateway =
In this case, DatabaseKey.Reporting is simply a string constant, "reporting." You can now use this specific implementation to access the Reporting database via the IDbGateway object.
Getting Greedy
Suppose you want all the implementations of a particular interface? For example, I want all registered validators for invoices:
var validators =
Notice that Castle Windsor can resolve generic interfaces and implementations. You get back all types that are registered as implementing IValidator, but not implementers of IValidator. This lets you to write very general code that can validate invoices without tying yourself to a particular set of validation rules. Some of these validation rules may actually be added at run time after the application is deployed!
I Have Something You Might Need
Sometimes you need to supply an externally created instance as a constructor argument. For example, the ASP.NET pipeline creates derived instances of Page. Another example would be WPF creating instances of XAML Pages/Windows. These are your views, which are a dependency of your Presenters/ViewModels. Windsor allows you to supply externally created dependencies as constructor arguments. For example, in the ASPX page's constructor, you would call:
presenter = PresenterFactory.Create
Notice that you are passing "this" as the view to the PresenterFactory because you want to wire the Presenter to the view instance (ASPX page) created by the ASP.NET pipeline:
public class PresenterFactory {
 public static T Create(IView someView) {
 return IoC.Resolve(
 new { view = someView });
You construct an anonymous type with a property named view, which matches the name of the constructor argument that you want to supply. You could have also used an IDictionary where the key is the name of the constructor argument. When satisfying dependencies, Windsor will use any registered dependencies as well as any supplied during the call to Resolve() to construct an instance of the desired type.
Author's Note: Whether you use anonymous types or keys in an IDictionary to supply externally created constructor arguments, it is your responsibility to ensure that the properties/keys match the names of the constructor arguments. If the constructor arguments are renamed, the corresponding anonymous type property/IDictionary key will not be renamed. Tests for the PresenterFactory (and similar classes) can verify that names match properly.
Getting Dependencies In
You know how to get fully constructed objects out, but how do you get all the dependencies into an IoC container so the container can do its job of constructing objects? As an example, the AccountsPayable class needs to collaborate with some other objects to get its job done, namely an authorization service, an invoice validator, and an invoice repository. You define your list of dependencies using the AccountsPayable constructor:
public AccountsPayable(
 IAuthorizationService authService,
 IValidator invoiceValidator,
 IInvoiceRepository invoiceRepository) {
 this.authorizationService = authService;
 this.invoiceValidator = invoiceValidator;
 this.invoiceRepository = invoiceRepository;
This is known as constructor injection. The IoC container will create an instance of AccountsPayable using the above constructor supplying it with instances of the appropriate dependent objects.
Author's Note: Many IoC containers support setter injection as well as constructor injection. With setter injection, the IoC container uses property setters rather than constructor parameters to supply dependencies, which is useful for optional dependencies. However, you should prefer constructor injection, because it guarantees that your object has all of its required dependencies satisfied, resulting in a lot less null checking. Many popular containers let you freely mix constructor and setter injection as needed.
Note that if any of AccountsPayable's dependencies had dependencies themselves, the IoC container would find and supply those as well. When wiring dependencies, the container walks the entire dependency graph and creates the dependencies in order from least dependent to most dependent. If it finds a dependency cycle (such as A depends on B depends on A), Castle Windsor throws an exception.
The Road to Heck Is Paved in Angle Brackets
When Castle Windsor was first introduced, its only means of configuration was XML files. You define a list of components in a file typically called Windsor.config. A component implements a service (aka interface or abstract base class) and is implemented by a concrete type (aka class). Let's take a look at a simple example below:


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Visit the Rishengchang Former Bank, the birthplace of modern banking in China. This historic bank played a significant role in the economic development of Pingyao and the country. Explore the well-preserved bank building, learn about its history, and gain insights into the financial system of ancient China. Don't miss the opportunity to step back in time and witness the birth of modern banking.
Descárgate Klisst en un instante y empieza a guardar y compartir tus listas.
Sigue los favoritos de tus amigos y no te pierdas ninguna novedad.


(Europa.EU) QuantERA Consortium is pleased to announce the Call for Proposals in Quantum Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies: QuantERA Co-funded Call 2021.
QuantERA II ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies (QT) is a consortium of national and regional Research Funding Organisations supporting QT research. QuantERA II is supported by the EU Future and Emerging Technologies programme (FET). The funding organisations of QuantERA II jointly support European multilateral research projects with the potential to initiate or foster new lines of QT through collaborations exploring advanced multidisciplinary science and/or cutting-edge engineering.
The submitted proposals are expected to be aligned with one of the two QuantERA cofunded call 2021 topics:
1. Quantum Phenomena and Resources (QPR);
2. Applied Quantum Science (AQS).
The funded projects in both topics are expected to address one or more of the following areas:
1. Quantum communication;
2. Quantum simulation;
3. Quantum computation;
4. Quantum information sciences;
5. Quantum metrology sensing and imaging.
The project consortia must involve a minimum of 3 eligible partners requesting funding in at least 3 of the following participating countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey.
Indicative timeline:
Deadline for outline proposals: May 13th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Deadline for full proposals (for invited applicants): September 15th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Call results: December 2021
Earliest funded project start: January/February 2022
QuantERA Coordinator: National Science Centre (NCN), Poland Coordination Office, e-mail: _EMAIL_
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How to make a voice over video in VSDC
In the era of YouTube, when online blogging and production of video tutorials on just about anything has become commonplace, it's vital for aspiring clip makers to master the skill of voice over video. Even if you are not planning to become a YouTuber, you become well aware of those cases when you see that your vacation footage was ruined by chattering crowds, wind gusts, etc. One way to resolve the problem is to replace the defective sound with a nice tune. But what if you want to bring a more personal touch and record your own voice while impressions are still fresh and lively?
Download VSDC Free Video editor that allows you to do so in two ways: an easy one and a free one. Below, we'll review both, guide you through the main steps, and explain the difference between the two.
How to do voice over video in VSDC: the easy way
VSDC has an intuitive built-in voiceover tool that allows you to quickly add audio comments to your videos without having to deal with complex settings of any kind. See it for yourself in the video guide below.
Here is what you have to do in a nutshell:
 1. Import your video to the timeline using the "Add Object" dropdown menu.
 2. Click the wrench icon to select the voiceover tool.
 3. Play-pause the video to choose the part that needs audio comments. Use the "Start Recording" button whenever a voice comment needs to be added. Use the "Stop Recording" button to end the recording. Record as many items as necessary. Note: the recording will only start when you hit the play button. When the video is paused – your voice won't be recorded.
 How to create a voiceover video in VSDC - fast and eaasy
 4. When you are done with your comments, close the voiceover tool window. A pop-up window will appear asking for confirmation to add recorded files to the timeline. Click "Yes".
 5. Your audio comments will automatically be added to the timeline exactly where you wanted them to be. No manual action needed.
 6. If you want to mute original video soundtrack, right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence".
 7. Double-check the result by clicking the red play button right under the preview window. If everything is fine, complete the process by clicking the red "Export project" button on the same title tab.
Please note, that the voiceover tool is only available with the PRO version of VSDC editor which is offered for $19.99 per year. If you are looking for a free way to record your voice over a video, follow the instructions below.
How to create a voiceover video in VSDC: the free way
VSDC wouldn't be called a free editor unless it offered a free way to record voice over video. Here is a detailed instruction:
 1. Open VSDC Free Video Editor and click "Import Content" to import the video that you intend to give voice to.
 2. Proceed to the "Tools" tab at the top menu and select the "Voice Recorder" tool. A new window will open.
 Adding voice over video for free in VSDC Video Editor
 3. Choose the desired format of your voice recording in the "Formats" tab.
 4. Proceed to the lower sections of the menu to select the output file destination, its quality, and the device you will use for recording.
 5. Place a checkmark in the "split file" section, if you are working with a really long video. This way your output audio will be split into several recordings. It will come in handy during the matching of your recording with the video. Mistiming can't be fixed with a single audio file in place, so having multiple files will help you perfectly adjust your sound and video tracks.
 6. Select the duration of your audio chunks in the drop-down menu on the right depending on the length of your video.
 7. Press the "Start Recording" button at the top right corner of the screen. Launching your video in a separate window might be a good idea too. You want to know what you are commenting, right? Press "Stop Recording" when you are ready and close the "Voice Recorder" window.
 8. Go back to VSDC video editing window with your imported video. Right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence". This will silence the original soundtrack of your video.
 How to silence the original audio track in VSDC
 9. Go to the "Editor" tab, select "Add Object" and choose "Audio" from the drop-down list. Now proceed to the location on your computer where you saved you recordings, import them to the timeline and use drag-and-drop motion to place them in line with the video segments they are intended for.
As you have probably noticed, both methods lead to the same result: your recorded audio files placed beside your video on a timeline in the correct sequence. The only difference is, with a free method, you have to manually record, import and position them. With an easy method, manual work is taken out of the equation, making voice over videos much faster. Which one is better? You tell us :-)


Today's Wonder of the Day was inspired by Riley. Riley Wonders, "How Did Tap Dancing Start?" Thanks for WONDERing with us, Riley!
What do you get when you combine fun music, fast feet, and a good sense of rhythm? The clickety-clack and tappity-tap of tap dancing, that's what!
Tap dancing mixes two beautiful arts—dancing and making music—into one act. How can you tell if someone is tap dancing? Just listen for the tapping sounds created by metal plates on the bottom of a dancer's shoes.
When they're tapped against a solid surface, such as a wooden floor, the plates create a unique sound. As tap dancers move across the floor, they make music while they dance!
Many companies make special tap shoes that have tap plates attached to the bottom of the shoes with screws. Since each shoe has a tap plate near the toe and one on the heel, they are sometimes called "two shoes and four taps." The screws that attach the taps to the shoes can be tightened or loosened. This changes the sounds they make.
Sometimes, people make their own tap shoes. They tape quarters or (with the help of an adult) screw metal plates to the bottom of a pair of shoes. It's also possible to tap dance in shoes that have a hard, solid sole. However, the sounds such shoes make is not the same as true tap shoes.
Where did tap dancing come from? We can trace its roots to Africa and the English Isles. When people were kidnapped from Africa and brought to America to be enslaved, they brought their music and dancing traditions with them.
When enslavers denied them drums and other percussion instruments, enslaved people got creative. They made music with their feet through percussive dancing. Over time, this practice blended with Irish clogging. The product was the tap dancing we know today.
Tap dancers often improvise. That means they make up their moves and beats as they go along. They also rely heavily on syncopation. That means they use an irregular rhythm to place stresses or accents where they usually wouldn't occur.
Would you believe you can even tap dance without music? Just like singing without music, tap dancing can be "a cappella." Instead of dancing to music, tap dancers instead make their own rhythms using a variety of special steps.
Tap dancing was quite popular in America in the early 1900s. It was common in Vaudeville shows and on Broadway. It was also a large part of the Harlem Renaissance. Many tap dancers even appeared in movies and eventually television.
You may recognize the names of some famous tap dancers. Have you ever heard of Bill "Bojangles" Robinson? How about Josephine Baker or Rita Hayworth? These were all well-known tap dancers. A few more big names in tap dancing are Shirley Temple, Fred Astaire, and Ginger Rogers.
With the birth of rock-and-roll, tap dance dropped in popularity. A new form of dance—jazz dance—eventually grew out of tap dance. Although they were similar in the past, tap dance and jazz dance are considered separate forms of dance today.
Traditional tap dance is once again starting to become popular. Modern tap dancers include Gregory Hines and Savion Glover. In fact, Savion Glover recently helped to bring tap dancing back into the mainstream. He choreographed and danced for the movie Happy Feet, which told the story of a tap dancing penguin.
Do you know how to tap dance? Or would you be interested in learning? Tap dancing is an art form that many people enjoy. They say there's nothing like making and dancing to your own music at the same time!
Standards: CCRA.L.3, CCRA.L.6, CCRA.R.1, CCRA.R.2, CCRA.R.4, CCRA.R.10, CCRA.SL.1, NCAS.A.1, NCAS.A.2, NCAS.A.3
Wonder What's Next?
We hope you have the strength to tackle tomorrow's Wonder of the Day!


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Definition of Shotgun sequencing
Shotgun sequencing: An approach used to decode a genome by shredding ("shotgunning") it into smaller fragments of DNA which can then be individually sequenced. The sequences of these fragments are then ordered, based on overlaps in the genetic code, and finally reassembled into the complete sequence.
The "whole genome shotgun" method is applied to the entire genome all at once, while the "hierarchical shotgun" method is applied to large, overlapping DNA fragments of known location in the genome.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Find out what women really need.


text:
Livestock, Poverty and the Environment—A Balancing Act and a Balanced Account
International Livestock Research Institute Newsletter | April 3, 2013
Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide meat consumption that occurs there (map by Worldmapper). Meat consumption per person is highest in Western Europe, with nine of the top ten meat-consuming populations living in Western Europe (the tenth in this ranking is New Zealand). The most meat is consumed in China, where a fifth of the world population lives.
Authors of a new paper setting out the roles of livestock in developing countries argue that although providing a 'balanced account' of livestock's roles entails something of a 'balancing act', we had better get on with it if we want to build global food, economic and environmental security.


text:
NO WORRIES! An Activity Book For Young People Who Feel Anxious or Stressed
No Worries! is an interactive self-care activity book for children aged 7+ to color and doodle their way to happiness, calm and confidence. The encouraging and simple, yet well designed, activities and exercises tackle anxiety, sadness and stress; children will enjoy using their creativity to combat negative feelings, work out why they feel worried and how to put stress back in its place through writing, coloring, doodling and drawing.


Documentation forOrion Platform
Create new alerts to monitor your environment with the Orion Platform
Navigate to the Alert Manager in the Orion Platform to create a completely new alert definition, or duplicate an alert that is similar to the alert you want to create.
 1. Enter the alert properties, which includes who can view the alert, severity, and how frequently the alert conditions are evaluated.
 2. Define the conditions must exist to trigger the alert.
 3. Define what event occurs to reset the alert.
 4. Schedule when you want the alert to monitor your environment.
 5. Define what happens when an alert is triggered.
 6. Define what happens when the alert is reset.
 7. Review your alert, including the number of alerts that will be triggered based on the conditions you defined.
You can skip to different steps if you clicked Duplicate & Edit or if you are editing a saved alert.
Once you have created an alert, it is added to the list of available alerts in the Alert Manager. When the alert is enabled, it immediately monitors your environment for the conditions necessary to trigger it.


- Krunal Odedra
[WI] Figure-Ground & World Around
This week's inspiration is the about the Gestalt's principal and its existence in the world around. Knowingly, unknowingly we would have come across many graphics which uses this Gestalt's principal. But, now that I am aware of it I tend to notice it. And you would be as well surprised where and how it can used to demonstrate meaningful illustration, to market products, depict alphabets, to be novel cover page or just artist's impression.
Coca-Cola's been known for its marketing and it's no less involved in graphic as well. In above depicted illustrations it show how creatively they are used figure-ground concept to create the shape of their iconic bottle using floater and knife-fork. And another picture show connection between two human as well the coke wave where as in the centre there's coke bottle portraying coke connect them.Emotional marketing to its full potential.
Media: Movie posters and novel covers
Another common area where we see figure ground being used frequently are novel cover pages and movie posters. Here are some remarkable examples.
 1. Criminal Underworld show batman and penguin juxtaposed
 2. Two Tower of LOR grounded against hand and golden precious ring
 3. Clint Eastwood posed against gun, poster's about the dirty police and crime.
 4. Rocky climbing up against its failure
 5. Sherlock Holmes in the smoke against it's pipe.
Typography & Logos:
Each letter speak its own story likewise each letter can be depicted with a meaning attached to it using figure ground principal. Let's consider some of the examples here. 1. 'F' show Folder 2. 'F' show a bus 3. 'M' show mountain, 4. 'OUT' with horizontal strike-through and part coming out of each letter complements the word itself 5. Whole set of alphabet where in each letter represent a villain from famous stories, movie, novels and comic series.
Artistic works:
Many illustrator contributes to this segment creating beautiful as well-meaning artworks. Some of them can seen here..
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Personalized whole‐body models integrate metabolism, physiology, and the gut microbiome
msb198982 abs 0001 mImage from: Mol Syst Biol (2020)16:e8982
Comprehensive molecular‐level models of human metabolism have been generated on a cellular level. However, models of whole‐body metabolism have not been established as they require new methodological approaches to integrate molecular and physiological data. We developed a new metabolic network reconstruction approach that used organ‐specific information from literature and omics data to generate two sex‐specific whole‐body metabolic (WBM ) reconstructions. These reconstructions capture the metabolism of 26 organs and six blood cell types. Each WBM reconstruction represents whole‐body organ‐resolved metabolism with over 80,000 biochemical reactions in an anatomically and physiologically consistent manner. We parameterized the WBM reconstructions with physiological, dietary, and metabolomic data. The resulting WBM models could recapitulate known inter‐organ metabolic cycles and energy use. We also illustrate that the WBM models can predict known biomarkers of inherited metabolic diseases in different biofluids. Predictions of basal metabolic rates, by WBM models personalized with physiological data, outperformed current phenomenological models. Finally, integrating microbiome data allowed the exploration of host–microbiome co‐metabolism. Overall, the WBM reconstructions, and their derived computational models, represent an important step toward virtual physiological humans.
News Source:
Journal Reference:
Ines Thiele, Swagatika Sahoo, Almut Heinken, Johannes Hertel, Laurent Heirendt, Maike K Aurich, Ronan MT Fleming
Mol Syst Biol. (2020) 16: e8982
At your Agenda:
8th World Congress on Targeting Microbiota
October 22-23, 2020 - UNESCO, Paris, France


text:
Keywords: ecosystems, economic system, material flow, energy flow, agriculture and food industry, sustainable development, environmental management, environmental policy, corporate social responsibility
What is the potential of the ecosystem metaphor in agricultural and food industry systems?
The scavengers and decomposers in ecosystems are presented as metaphors for agricultural and food industry systems' sustainability. These organisms of ecosystems can both take in wastes from other organisms as well as produce materials for them to use. We argue that the metaphor is beneficial for considering the physical flows of matter and energy in economic systems as it can yield models with which a vision of a more sustainable material and energy flow system can be constructed. But the difference of ecosystems and economic systems is so radical that the metaphor can only be used as a source of inspiration for simulations and future scenarios, not for giving practical and concrete design, management or policy objectives and action-proposals. Our analysis reveals that the metaphor cannot be used to study the human dimension or the societal context of the material and energy flows. The human dimension is critically important to achieve a real change toward sustainability in environmental policy, corporate environmental management and corporate social responsibility.


text:
Learn more physics!
I have been unable to find this question answered and you guys have the most user friendly website I have found. My questions is:
What materials would prevent two magnets from attracting to each other when placed between them?
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Magnetic fields don't penetrate type I superconductors, so a big sheet
of one of them would work. Of course it would have to be kept cold, and
if the fields are too big it just quits superconducting.
Highly magnetizable material (mu-metal) can also work, if it's
arranged in the right geometry. Mu-metal does the opposite of the
superconductor. It pulls magnetic field lines in, rather than expelling
them. A loop of mu-metal from one pole to the other of one of the
magnets would keep that magnet's field from extending out as much as it
normally would. Of course, a strip of mumetal from one magnet toward
the other magnet can actually increase the attraction.
(published on 10/22/2007)
Follow-up on this answer.


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Prices of seafood have constantly been increasing over the years, making it one of the most expensive, if not the most costly, protein sources on the market.
Seafood is expensive due to many factors, including increasing demand, cost of transportation, cost of preservatives, difficulty in preparation, how difficult the resources are to obtain, etc.
It doesn't seem like the prices aren't going down anytime soon especially seeing as the possibility of the fish becoming rare is possible.
The seafood prices range widely, usually depending on the type of animals involved and whether they are raised on a fish farm or gotten from the wild. While seafood quality diminishes quickly, there are some steps to ensure that they are delivered and cooked in the top condition possible.
Check out some of the reasons why seafood is so expensive below.
Top 8 Reasons Seafood is So Expensive
1. Transport Logistics
You can deliver food from land sources by fast and cheap means of transportation such as trucks and rails, but this is not so with seafood. Since the high demand for seafood is because people want it fresh, there is difficulty transporting it from one location to another. Seafood doesn't last very long fresh, so this brings the need to transport it by air or with overnight buses for quick delivery.
Another factor that pushes the transport price up is preserving the product from source to destination. Many of these preservation methods aren't cheap, and all of these play a factor in the final price you purchase from restaurants.
The flavor of seafood changes within 24 hours, and stale products are usually not acceptable cause they are needed as fresh as possible from the ocean. Manual labor required for all these activities is another factor that increases the cost because it involves a lot of workforce, and you need to pay the laborers need to be paid.
2. Supply and Demand
Seafood has a very high demand, especially as a good source of proteins. The laws of demand and supply affect the prices of goods a lot. In the case of seafood, we have high demand and low supply, which makes the prices rise. Increased costs will balance the supply with demand and meet what is needed.
Since we can't increase seafood supply as quickly, we can do the same for meat; this problem will continue for a while. Also, due to water pollution and overfishing, we face a case where the resources (animals) are reducing and slowly becoming extinct. Meanwhile, the population of people keeps increasing exponentially, and as a result, the prices will keep growing.
3. High Mortality Rate (Difficult to maintain)
The two options for seafood are farm-raised and wild-caught. Even though catching seafood out in the wild is difficult, it doesn't mean farm-raised seafood isn't without its challenges. Fish farming needs a lot of resources and proper management for success.
Fish farming requires more skill than plant farming or livestock rearing, even under desirable weather and climate conditions. Aquaculturists need to place the fishes in specific places so that they do not die and have the right conditions for survival.
Also, this task requires a high level of skill, so the few fish farms available usually charge more for their products due to the quality service that isn't easily gotten elsewhere.
4. Difficult to Obtain
As we highlighted in the previous point, catching seafood in the wild is challenging and requires a high skill level. You will need big fishing setups (rigs) and costly equipment.
The laborers or fishers typically go out into the sea and cast the huge nets from their boats. After that, they have to wait till the trap has caught a considerable amount, usually at least half the net, before they can withdraw it and get the fish/animals.
Since the sea where they are going to fish has no medical facilities or any facility, they usually treat fishing as a massive exhibition that they plan correctly for a long time, so there are no hitches in execution. To prepare for any unforeseen circumstances, they also take medical supplies in case of any incident out at sea.
5. Health Food Sources
People have been becoming more and more aware of the consequences of eating meat in recent times, such as high cholesterol. This has caused people to look for other sources of nourishment, and seafood is the easy answer to that.
Seafood has high amounts of protein, Vitamin D, Phosphate, Calcium, Zinc, Vitamin B2, and Omega-3 fatty acids, amongst other healthy minerals. Seafood is the healthier choice for meals, and as people are increasingly more concerned for their health, the demand rises.
6. The Rarity of the Seafood
As we've previously explained, seafood is generally difficult to obtain, but some more than others. There is very rare seafood, and you can only find these in specific places. Some examples are caviar, oysters, lobsters, etc. These are examples of seafood that are usually more expensive than others because they aren't readily available.
It isn't uncommon for some people to wait for specific seasons for some seafood as that is the only time they are available in their locality. If you encounter these varieties of seafood off-season, the restaurants will charge a premium for it.
7. Cooking Difficulty
There are many different types of seafood categories, and there are some that require a lot of effort and resources to cook correctly. Some of the preparation techniques usually require expensive cooking lessons. It takes the highest level of skills and chefs to prepare seafood, so quality raises the price.
An example of a seafood dish that requires special skills is Japanese pufferfish. These are poisonous fishes, and chefs must have cooked for themselves or others multiple times before serving them at a restaurant. Another example of this is octopuses that need a lot of heat within a short time to cook properly without getting burnt.
8. No Subsidies for Fishermen
Fishers do not receive the same benefits farmers receive from the government. Farmers have access to loans to start their business, tax cuts in some places, or even sponsorship to begin farming. On the other hand, Fishermen don't have such luxury, and it doesn't seem like that will be changing anytime soon.
Government regulations also determine which fishes they can farm, the number of fishes that anglers can catch, and the processes used to get the fish. They need licenses for people to take part in fishing, and these licenses are usually expensive, costing a lot of money straight from their pockets.
Flouting any rules or refusing to get approvals can lead to sanctions. All these sanctions and limitations, including the risks involved, raise the cost of production, which increases the prices of seafood.
Why is Seafood So Expensive: FAQs
What seafood is the most expensive?
Blue-fin Tuna is the most expensive type of seafood right now. Blue-fin tuna is the crucial ingredient for making tuna; this makes it one of the seafood in highest demand. There is also a risk of this seafood going extinct because it is a rare commodity. This fish has a very exquisite and luxurious taste that you can't find anywhere else.
Why is shrimp so expensive?
Shrimp is expensive because of its very high demand. It is an excellent source of protein, but the supply is low primarily due to horrible farming activities and the type of shrimp. Some reasons why they are expensive are:
- The cost importation
- High demand
- High mortality rate
- Shrimps are good for Human health
- Prices vary according to the type and sizes
- Time-consuming to harvest
Why did crab get so expensive?
Crabs, like most other seafood, are expensive and also seen as food for the Elite "fine dining." Just shrimp, crabs rank high on the most demanded seafood. Some other reasons they are expensive are:
- Rules and regulations concerning catching them
- High cost of importation and exportation
- High demand
- Lower supply than demand
- Different variations of crabs make them have separate prices
Why are lobsters so expensive?
Lobsters are very expensive due to only being gotten from water or riverine areas. Their natural habitat is ocean water, making it difficult to rear them because creating a similar condition to a place for them to live and grow would be very expensive and impossible for most.
The average cost of lobster in 2021 was $10/pound, but in 2022, it is $20 – $150+/ pound, depending on the part and size. Lobsters also have a lot of uses, and as a result, they are high in demand. The increased demand coupled with the low supply contributes to the increasing price. In summary, Lobsters are expensive because:
- Cost of Transportation
- High demand
- Low supply
- Lobster being a meal for the elites
Is seafood more expensive than meat?
Seafood is usually more expensive than most types of meat because, unlike meat such as cow, turkey, goat, etc. is relatively easier to rear and transport.
How to Save Money on Seafood?
- Choose white, flaky fishes in the store; they are usually cheaper than other options.
- Buying frozen foods instead of fresh helps cut down cost
- Bulk buying also helps cut down costs.
- Can watch out for sales from stores to get them when they are cheaper
- Filling your stomach at all-you-can-eat seafood restaurants can save your money too.
There is a noticeable increase in the number of factory farms, and wild-caught seafood has been reducing. This helps close the gap between the supply and demand of seafood, increasing prices. Hopefully, this trend continues and effectively reduces the costs of seafood.


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Ryan Mahoney, curator of the Schenectady County Historical Society, discusses a panel featured in the traveling exhibit "Light on New Netherlands," which is hosted at the new education center at Mabee Farm.
Photo by John Purcell.
ROTTERDAM JUNCTION What many people believe to be the Dutch's role in forming the America of today might fall short of the full story.
A bigger part of that tale is now on display, as the Schenectady County Historical Society is hosting the "Light on New Netherlands" traveling exhibit at the George E. Franchere Education Center at Mabee Farm in Rotterdam Junction from now through Feb. 28.
The exhibit is produced by the New Netherland Institute and consists of 26 panels aimed at introducing important but little known aspects of what role the Dutch played in the settlement and development of colonial America, most specifically the development of New Netherland, the Dutch colony that stretched from Albany to Delaware in the 17th century.
Some of the subjects presented include exploration, the fur trade, establishing government and the interaction between Dutch settlers and Native Americans.
"It really touches on a lot of topics of Dutch culture and life here that's often glossed over," said Ryan Mahoney, curator of the Historical Society. "You learn about Dutch history and the new colony … as just a brief blip. It is like, 'All right, the Dutch showed up and then the American Revolution happened.' Really, there was so much more going on."
The New Netherland Institute works to enhance awareness of Dutch history in colonial America and it supports the translation of early Dutch documents through the New Netherland Project.
"This is a part of history that a lot of people are not aware of, even people living right in this area," Mahoney said. "All of the information here is actually taken from the original documents that are on file at the New York State Archives and are being translated even today."
There is also a 17-minute video included in the exhibit, "Illuminating New York's Dutch Past." In the video, researchers Charles Gehring and Janny Venmea provide background information about New Netherland and explain the importance of using document-based evidence. It also tells the journey of the Dutch documents and how they survived through the years.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Litmus test)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Litmus (disambiguation).
Litmus powder
Chemical structure of 7-hydroxyphenoxazone, the chromophore of litmus components
Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens, especially Roccella tinctoria. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic (i.e. alkaline) conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5-8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F). Neutral litmus paper is purple.[1] Litmus can also be prepared as an aqueous solution that functions similarly. Under acidic conditions, the solution is red, and under basic conditions, the solution is blue.
The litmus mixture has the CAS number 1393-92-6 and contains 10 to 15 different dyes. Most of the chemical components of litmus are likely to be the same as those of the related mixture known as orcein, but in different proportions. In contrast with orcein, the principal constituent of litmus has an average molecular weight of 3300.[2] Acid-base indicators on litmus owe their properties to a 7-hydroxyphenoxazone chromophore.[3] Some fractions of litmus were given specific names including erythrolitmin (or erythrolein), azolitmin, spaniolitmin, leucoorcein, and leucazolitmin. Azolitmin shows nearly the same effect as litmus.[4]
Litmus was used for the first time about 1300 AD by Spanish alchemist Arnaldus de Villa Nova.[1] From the 16th century on, the blue dye was extracted from some lichens, especially in the Netherlands.
Natural sources[edit]
Litmus can be found in different species of lichens. The dyes are extracted from such species as Roccella tinctoria (South America), Roccella fuciformis (Angola and Madagascar), Roccella pygmaea (Algeria), Roccella phycopsis, Lecanora tartarea (Norway, Sweden), Variolaria dealbata, Ochrolechia parella, Parmotrema tinctorum, and Parmelia. Currently, the main sources are Roccella montagnei (Mozambique) and Dendrographa leucophoea (California).[1]
"Litmus test" redirects here. For other uses, see Litmus test (disambiguation).
Litmus paper being used
The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Wet litmus paper can also be used to test water-soluble gases; the gas dissolves in the water and the resulting solution colors the litmus paper. For instance, ammonia gas, which is alkaline, colors the red litmus paper blue.
Litmus (pH indicator)
below pH 4.5 above pH 8.3
4.5 8.3
Chemical reactions other than acid-base reaction can also cause a color change to litmus paper. For instance, chlorine gas turns blue litmus paper white – the litmus dye is bleached,[5] due to presence of hypochlorite ions. This reaction is irreversible, so the litmus is not acting as an indicator in this situation.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Manfred Neupert: Lackmus in Römpp Lexikon Chemie (German), January 31, 2013.
 2. ^ Beecken, H., E-M. Gottschalk, U. v Gizycki, H. Krämer, D. Maassen, H-G. Matthies, H. Musso, C. Rathjen, Ul. Zdhorszky (2003). "Orcein and Litmus". Biotechnic & Histochemistry 78 (6): 289–302. doi:10.1080/10520290410001671362.
 3. ^ H. Musso, C. Rathjen. "Orcein dyes. X. Light absorption and chromophore of litmus". Chem. Ber. 92: 751–3.
 4. ^ E.T. Wolf: Vollständige Übersicht der Elementar-analytischen Untersuchungen organischer Substanzen, S.450-453, veröffentlicht 1846, Verlag E. Anton (Germany)
 5. ^ UCC - Chlorine


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Experience the photographic and aural history of the East Perth Power Power Station, from its beginning in 1916, through to its decommission in 1980.
This website takes you to East Perth in the 20th century to visit East Perth Power Station, the people who worked there, the children who grew up in its shadow, the local residents who lived close by and the consumers who used the electricity which the station generated. It tells of Aboriginal families who lived in East Perth and of the changing riverfront as industries grew and then moved out to newer suburbs. The power station together with other local industries had significant environmental impacts on the locality.
For much of the 20th century East Perth was the city's major industrial area and, from 1916 to 1980, the power station was one of the suburb's major workplaces. The workers who kept the station generating tell their work stories of power shortages and of the skilled efforts of everyone to keep the lights on and the city's industries, businesses and transport functioning. They tell of what work was like in a major heavy industrial workplace.
The station remains a heritage landmark, a site with engineering plant of world heritage significance.
East Perth Power Station lies at the heart of the electrification of Perth and at the beginnings of the southwest power grid. It deserves to be recognised and remembered as central to the fabric of life in 20th century Perth.
In turn, in highlighting our ever-expanding consumption of electricity, the station reminds us of the environmental limits to that consumption and the questions of sustainability which confront us in the 21st century.


text:
This job is no longer available
You will work with a multidisciplinary team of scientists to develop and implement novel thermal analytical techniques to characterize complex organic and inorganic materials in order to develop new products or advance existing products or processes at GE.As part of a multidisciplinary team, you will:
- Lead thermal analysis capability within characterization organization.
- Develop and/or implement new thermal analytical methods for characterization of complex organic and inorganic materials.
- Participate in research programs at GE Global Research that require thermal characterization expertise.
- Effectively communicate to other researchers at GRC and the GE businesses to provide consultation, written reports, and verbal presentations describing methods, analytical data, and interpretation of results.
- Collaborate with the larger team of experts using other characterization techniques to provide solutions for GE businesses.
- Maintain and provide support for the analytical instrumentation in the lab.
- Doctorate degree in chemistry, material science or related discipline with at least 10 years post-degree experience (with at least 7 years of experience in thermal methods of analysis.)
- Extensive experience in thermal methods of analysis must include training, education, and hands on lab experience in applications of thermal analysis methodology.
- Demonstrated leadership skills in developing, aligning with project needs, and expanding thermal analysis capabilities where appropriate.
- Demonstrated experience working in a chemical or materials laboratory and conducting critical experiments.
- Demonstrated ability to independently carry out experimental or analytical methods
- Strong analytical, experimental, failure analysis and problem solving skills.
- Knowledge of instrumentation and computer interfacing to analytical equipment.
- Legal authorization to work in the U.S. is required. We will not sponsor individuals for employment visas, now or in the future, for this job opening.
- Must be willing to work out of an office located in Niskayuna, NY.
- Must be willing to take a drug test and submit to a background investigation as part of the selection process.
- Must be 18 years or older.
- You must submit your application for employment on the careers page at _URL_ to be considered.
Additional Eligibility Qualifications:
GE will only employ those who are legally authorized to work in the United States for this opening. Any offer of employment is conditioned upon the successful completion of a background investigation and drug screen.
- Recognized technical expert in thermal analysis techniques.
- Expertise in the operation, calibration, repair and maintenance of thermal analysis instrumentation.
- Expertise in sample preparation techniques for thermal analysis. Design of fixtures, sample supports, etc.
- Experience with design and implementation of current thermal analysis techniques. (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo mechanical analysis (TMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc.).
- Strong problem solving skills in the area of thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanical properties, and materials characterization.
- Technical leadership capabilities with excellent teaming skills.
- Six sigma and DOE training
- Strong oral and written communication skills.
- Safety conscious
- Self Motivated
- Flexible, able to work with experts in diverse fields
- Able to work independently and as part of the team and negotiate concrete deliverables for projects
- Able to quickly learn new technologies and skills and thrive in an applied research environment
- Able to work under pressure and meet deadlines


Road types and names
From waze
(Redirected from Ramps)
Jump to: navigation, search
Around the world there are many local country standards for setting the road types and names. This page serves as the redirection point for each country's road naming conventions (listed alphabetically).
Navigation instructions for unnamed segments
When Waze gives navigation instructions to "turn", "exit", or "keep" onto an unnamed segment, it will look for a name it can use. If there is a named segment further along your route, it will use (inherit) that name in the instruction. Named segments connected to the unnamed segment which are not part of your provided route, are not relevant.
The inherited name is only used in the displayed and spoken instruction prompts, it does not affect the actual name of the segment.
This always works for Freeways and Ramps .
As of January 2015, on all other road types (any road type which is not a Freeway or Ramp), this feature only works if:
 1. The combined length of the consecutive unnamed segments is shorter than 400 meters (1,312 feet),
 2. There are 3 or fewer unnamed segments in a row.
To explain the above conditions from another perspective: If the consecutive unnamed segments measured together are longer than 400 m (1,312 ft), or if there are 4 or more unnamed segments in a row, Waze will NOT show or speak a name in the instructions.
For a more detailed explanation, including side effects and usage examples, please see the Expanded Navigation instructions for unnamed segments page.


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Human Rights Training for the Police
AU Watch also offers customized short courses to academic institutions, national and international bodies and NGOs from around the world. In the past lawyers, university students, human rights activists, journalists, NGO members people with an interest in human rights have also benefitted from such bespoke courses.
AU Watch research shows that many police forces around the continent vehemently deny any violations of human rights in their country and suggest that there is no need for external advice Our examination reveals a deeper malaise. Despite overwhelming evidence and public knowledge of rights violations and police mal-practice, officers maintain a spirit of self-denial.
We are of the view that attitudes and actions cannot be changed by forcing them to undergo short-duration courses. What is required, long term, is an extensive change in organisational practice and police culture. Our tailored courses are designed to
About the Training Courses
The police have core operational duties which include:
The police have additional duties that are prescribed under the legislation of their various countries.
Understanding our Human Rights Course
In partnership with accredited government agencies around Africa, AU Watch has developed a comprehensive portfolio of educational human rights products and services which are admired in the region. This dynamic leading-edge portfolio continues to evolve in order to keep pace with the ever-changing and increasingly challenging profession of preventing, detecting and prosecuting criminal activity.
Human rights principles should underpin every area of police work. From basic probationary training through to senior management courses, officer'sought to learn that human rights should sit at the heart of the conception, planning, implementation and control of every aspect of the operations of the police service. Unfortunately, it is not always the case.
Our short courses strive to enable policing professionals to become the very best they can be by offering innovative, ethical, evidence-based learning and development programmes to help them keep communities safe, whilst they protect human rights.
Police Use of Force
Whenever the use of force is necessary, both the general public and members of the police service expect police forces to:
Staff responsible for planning and conducting policing operations where the use of force is a possibility should plan and conduct them so as to minimise, to the greatest extent possible, recourse to the use of force.
Our Training Approach
The human rights / dignity course serves as a collaborative learning approach which incorporates participants' experience, knowledge and analysis. The goal of training is to reacquaint participants with human dignity and human rights which are values inherent in the rule of law and the African Charter. A variety of experimental learning approaches including: role play, simulations, case studies and structured exercises are utilized throughout the course. These non-traditional teaching and learning approaches assist law enforcement officers in examining the results of negative interactions and the power of authority figures.
Application of General Human RightsPrinciples
Human Rights Standards
- Regional and international human rights law is binding on all Statesand their agents, including law enforcement officials
- Human Rights is a legitimate subject for regional and internationallaw and regional and international scrutiny
- Law enforcement officials are obliged to know, and toapply, regional and international standards for human rights
Human Rights Practice
- Adopt a comprehensive human rights policy for yourorganization
- Incorporate human rights standards into standingorders for the police
- Provide human rights training to all police, at recruitmentand periodically
- Cooperate with national and international humanrights organizations
Module 1: Role of the police in a democratic society
Module 2: Understanding the basics of human rights
1. Understanding Human Rights
2. Introduction to the basics of the African Human Rights System
3. Sources, systems and standards for human rights in the administration of justice
Module 3: Policing from a human rights perspective
Module 4: Prohibition of Torture and Ill-Treatment
1. Introduction to regional and international standards on the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment
2. Case studies
Module 5: Human rights analysis – The obligations to respect and to protect
This module critically examines strategies employed by inter-governmental and non-governmental organisations, civil society groups and governmental agencies to secure human rights within the prison system.
Module 4: ROLE OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION AND ITS PRISON MECHANISM
This module aims to provide all participants – regardless of whether they have a legal background – with a firm understanding of how human rights are concretely translated into regional law through the mechanism of the African Commission.
Module 5: RESEARCHING HUMAN RIGHTS: SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODS
This module will introduce students to the theories and methods of qualitative social sciences research and how they can be applied to the study of human rights.
- Students will reflect on the theoretical context, key concepts and tools of social sciences research in order to articulate a critical perspective on human rights
- Students will learn how to identify a range of ethical issues and how to overcome them, understand how qualitative data is collected, analysed, interpreted, appreciate how quantitative and qualitative methods can be combined in interdisciplinary human rights research and articulate methodological steps for Human Rights Impact Assessments.
Students will emerge with a deeper and more complex understanding of what human rights are, but especially the African human rights system and why they are important, of both their potential and limitations, and of the increasingly wide range of contexts within the prison system in which they are being applied, used and abused.
Participants will also be able to:
– Understand the development of human rights as it relates to policing;
– Become familiar with the origin of international;
– Understand the benefits to communities and police of policing through a human rights framework.
Who Shouls Apply
The course is intended for staff members of prisons, police and those working in the field of prisons management. However,candidates with specific research interests in these areas are also encouraged to apply. Candidates should have a good written command of English and have high competence and comfort with computer and Internet use.


Reblogged from FuturisTrendcast:
Global Consequences: Russia Announces Eurasian Union and New Currency Altyn
The Presidents of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus have officially announced that the transition of the semi-formal Customs Union into the formal economic Eurasian Union will be expedited and completed by 2015. The Eurasian Union will adopt a new currency: Altyn (Rus: Алтын). Vladimir Putin announced that Altyn as the new Eurasian currency was originally planned for 2025, but now, due to the US/EU sanctions against Russia, the transition to Altyn may occur within 3-5 years.
Altyn has a very ancient and long-ranging history. Altyn means gold. The word is of Turkic origin (not to be confused with Turkish). The Turkic family of languages includes languages spoken by the Siberian peoples, Tatars, Mongols, and of course, Kazakhs.
Altyn was the name of the ancient gold coin once used by Russians extensively for trade with Turkic and Arabic neighbors. Later, in medieval times, altyn, or "altynnik," became one of the regular Russian coins. In 15th century, altyn equalled six Moscow dengi, or 1/200s of a Moscow ruble. It also equaled three Novgorod dengi, or 1/100s of a Novgorod ruble. Denga was also called "kopeika" (kopeika is presently the 1/100s of a ruble). In the ancient times it was also called the arian "kuna."
The old Russian proverb was: "Had nothing, and all of a sudden, altyn." Rus: "Не было ни гроша, да вдруг алтын". This is an equvalent of English: "From rags to riches." In those days kopeikas and altyns were big money. And only the rich owned rubles. Of course, back then all currency was real gold, silver and bronze.
In this regard, the original meaning of Altyn, "gold," is very telling. Through Altyn, Russia/Kazakhstan/Belarus, in short the new Eurasian Union, are sending a signal that they are targeting the gold standard. Along with China also targeting the gold standard through the Yuan, the new Eurasian currency will lead to…
Read the rest of the article


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Overweight women may be less likely to develop glaucoma
According to new study findings from Dutch researchers, overweight older women may be less likely than their thinner peers to develop glaucoma, a potentially blinding eye disease.
To investigate, researchers followed nearly 4000 glaucoma-free adults aged 55 or older. Over an average of 10 years, just under three percent developed glaucoma.
Researchers found that among women, each unit increase in body mass index (roughly six pounds for a women of average height and weight), was connected to a seven percent reduction in the risk of developing glaucoma.
There was no evidence that other lifestyle factors, including smoking and drinking habits, were important in participants' glaucoma risk. Nor did education or income appear to play a role.
The findings do not prove that extra pounds, themselves, are protective in women. But researchers say that one possibility is that there is some benefit from the higher estrogen levels that may be found in women with more body fat.
While there appears to be a protective effect from extra body weight, researchers are not suggesting women pack on extra pounds as a way to ward off glaucoma. According to researchers, the best way to prevent vision loss from the disorder is to have regular eye exams and, if glaucoma is found, start early treatment.
The findings, published in the Archives of Ophthalmology, back up a U.S. study published last August - the first of its kind to show a link between higher BMI and lower glaucoma risk in women.
All research on this web site is the property of Leslie Beck and is protected by copyright. Keep in mind that research on these matters continues daily and is subject to change. The information presented is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. It is intended to provide ongoing support of your healthy lifestyle practices.


text:
Hashi-o-kakero (17x17 hard)
Hashi-o-kakero (Bridges) is a logic puzzle game. The object is to connect all of the islands into a single connected group.
- user comments(6)
How to play
The object of the game is to connect the islands by drawing a series of bridges between the islands. The number in the center of each island represents the number of bridges connected to it. The bridges must begin and end at distinct islands, traveling a straight line in between and not crossing any other bridges or islands. Only one or two bridges can connect a pair of islands. To build a bridge between two islands click on the first (it will appear as selected) then click to another. If you wish one more bridge between those two island repeat the procedure. If you make it again those two bridges will disappear.
The beginning of the game will be only islands and no bridges connecting them It will look something similar to this image:
To solve the puzzle you have to connect all the islands taking into account the number in each island - this represents the exact number of bridges to reach it. Two neighboring island may not or can be joined together with one or two bridges. Bridges can not cross with each other. There can only be placed horizontally or vertically on the board. It is also important to know that each pair of islands must be connected either directly or to have some "indirect" connection.
Here's one way to solve the puzzle given above. "The easiest" here is an island that is located at the bottom left of the board. It can be associated only with the neighboring island to the right and have only one bridge. To join them we click on it:
After that we click on the island on the right and the bridge appears:
We continue in the same way building more bridges that are obvious:
On the next image we show how we have connected the topmost islands:
This is completely wrong, since this group of bridges will be "isolated" from others. But the rule say that between any 2 islands must have direct or indirect connection. So we have to remove those bridges. This can be done making another virtual island between the islands
And this is how it should be:
The island in the middle should have 5 bridge, but we are only 2 built. Since there are already 2 bridges and we cannot build another the only choice is to build those 3 remaining bridges between 2 horizontally neighboring islands. So we must have at least one bridge left and right.
Following similar thoughts come to this:
There are 2 remaining options - either to connect the island with "5" with the island with "4" and then the puzzle becomes trivial:
or connect two adjacent vertical islands with two bridges and hence to a different solution:
Not every puzzle can have multiple solutions. We choose exactly this to show you a wider range of possible hashi-o-kakero games.
More information can be found on wikipedia site: Bridges_(puzzle).
I love to play at this game.
Can have a reply bottom, cause i want to begin the same game fast.


Convert 25 gw to mgw
In this article I will show you how to convert 25 gigawatts into megawatts. Throughout the explanation below I might also call it 25 gw to mgw. They are the same thing!
How to Convert Gigawatts to Megawatts
A gigawatt is greater than a megawatt. I know that a gw is greater than a mgw because of something called conversion factors.
Put very simply, a conversion factor is a number that can be used to change one set of units to another, by multiplying or dividing it. So when we need to convert 25 gigawatts into megawatts, we use a conversion factor to get the answer.
The conversion factor for gw to mgw is:
1 gw = 1000 mgw
Now that we know what the conversion factor is, we can easily calculate the conversion of 25 gw to mgw by multiplying 1000 by the number of gigawatts we have, which is 25.
25 x 1000 = 25000 mgw
So, the answer to the question "what is 25 gigawatts in megawatts?" is 25000 mgw.
Gigawatts to Megawatts Conversion Table
Below is a sample conversion table for gw to mgw:
Gigawatts (gw) Megawatts (mgw)
Best Conversion Unit for 25 gw
I've also calculated what the best unit of measurement is for 25 gw.
The best unit of measurement I have found for 25 gw is gigawatts and the amount is 25 gw.
Link to Us / Reference this Page
 - "Convert 25 gw to mgw". Accessed on September 23, 2021.
 - "Convert 25 gw to mgw"., Accessed 23 September, 2021
 - Convert 25 gw to mgw. Retrieved from