text:
If you send the letter and it returns back to you with error – it means that the letter was not delivered.
Each letter contains an error code which permits to understand the problem and how it can be solved.
In case if you independently can't to understand how to fix this mistake, than contact us specifying the the full error message text as well as e-mail address of user to which you wanted to send a message.
1. Check if these letters aren't already in your mailbox. Check all the folders, especially folders – Subscribed, List, Spamand Trash. When you check the folders, use the search in the upper right side.
2. Open Settings, section Filtersand make sure that specific reciever or domain are not in the list of email addresses, witch for example, are automatically deleted.
3. Perhaps for a long time you have not used your mailbox and it became inactive. Log into your mailbox through the web page and ask to message sender, if he can send you message repeatedly.
From the person who was sends you a message, find out if after sending the letter, it came back with text - letter is not delivered. If such a warning has come, there is definitely written a reason, why letter is not delivered. Please forward this notification letter to us.
4.Pay attention to size of the mailbox - perhaps it's full. Clean the mailbox and ask to resend the letter.
!! If these methods not topical to you, write to usyour question and this kind of information – from which addresses must come the letters, what is the topic of the letter, date and time of dispatch.
Check all mailbox folders, especially folder "Trash". Messages can be accidentally deleted from folders as well as from the "Trash". If messages are deleted from 'Trash'', then in this case, try to restore the deleted letters from Trash of the last seven days.
! Perhaps all new messages was collected by POP3 / IMAP protocol assistance. If you use MsOutlook, theBat or other programms in your mobile phone or other device - these programs by default, collect all your messages and don't leave a copy on your Inbox server.
Check the POP3 / IMAP program settings. If you want to keep copies of the messages in your inbox, than go to Settings and choose the parameter "Leave a copy of messages on server"
If you have deleted messages from the folder, go to "Trash" and use the search form who is located on the top corner to find the necessary deleted posts. If the letter was found, restore it to folder "Incoming".
If you delete messages from the folder "Trash" (or repeatedly press to clean the trash) deleted messages of the last seven days can be restored back.
If you clear the entire contents of a folder for example the Spam folder or any other in this case, letters are deleted immediately without trading in Trash. These letters can't be restored.
Inbound message filtering by categories "Incoming", "Subscribed", "Social" and "Spam" is done automatically based on the company's internal rules and algorithms.
If you consider that the content of the letters (for example, invoices, airline tickets, online purchase approvals, information about the new password, etc.) should be in the folder "Incoming" let us know, giving detailed information about:
- Mailbox name, where are the letters which was automatically moved to folder "Subscribed" or "Social"
- Message date of dispatch
- Message topic
- Mailbox address from which were sent these messages to users
! We will check this information and send you letter in reply containing a message about how to deal with this situation.
Still can't find answer?


text:
Children perform a play they have written about different attitudes to Scots they have encountered. Matthew Fitt talks about their confidence in performing in Scots after their time at Scots Scuil. The children perform a riddle poem, song and rap they have created. The children, their tutors, families and teachers reflect on what the children have experienced at Scots Scuil. Some parents talk about their changed attitudes to Scots and how they will encourage their children to speak it.
This clip could be used in class to demonstrate effective performance, clear speech and how performance can improve confidence. It can also be used to demonstrate how a powerful performance can have elements of humour whilst including a moral message. Discuss how attitudes to using Scots language have changed after the performance.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Demersal animals live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes.[1] The term is usually applied to fish.
They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks.[1] In coastal waters they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.
Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column. Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four percent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 percent.
References[change | change source]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Walrond C Carl. "Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor" Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 2 March 2009


Wednesday, October 21, 2020
More on the problem of short pains
Consider these two very plausible theses:
 1. Whether I have pain at time t does not depend on any future facts.
 2. There is a length of time δt such that you cannot have a pain lasting no more than δt, but you can have a pain lasting 4δt.
Now imagine that I feel a pain that lasts from t0 to t2 = t0 + 4δt. Let t1 = t0 + (1/2)δt. Suppose it is now t1. Then I am in pain. But now I claim that this counterfactual is true:
 1. Were it to be the case that I was to be annihilated at t0 + (3/4)δt, I wouldn't have felt any pain now.
Why? For if I were so annihilated, my pain could only have lasted (3/4)δt, which is too short for a pain by (2).
But by (3), whether I feel pain now depends on whether I will shortly be annihilated, contrary to (1).
Hence, we need to reject one of (1) and (2).
It is hard to reject (2). After all, imagine the sequence of times: a second, a quarter second, a sixteenth of a second, …, 2−40 seconds. Clearly I can feel a pain that lasts a second. The last of these is less than a picosecond, and clearly I can't feel a pain that short. So somewhere in that sequence I must reach a δt which is too short for a pain, but where 4δt isn't too short for a pain.
I think denying (1) isn't as bad as it may seem.
But perhaps a less counterintuitive move is to deny that phenomenal times and physical times are as closely correlated as they intuitively seem. Here is a possible story. Phenomenal times are discrete points while physical times are continuous (or discrete on a much finer timescale). You can feel a pain that is located at exactly one phenomenal time. The spacing between the phenomenal times corresponds to a fairly large (and non-uniform) spacing between physical times, say of the order of magnitude of a millisecond. So, you can feel a pain that is there one millisecond and gone the next, but you may feel it at exactly one point of phenomenal time.
As far as I can tell, it is not possible to run the annihilation argument while keeping careful track of the continuous physical and discrete phenomenal timelines. I guess this is a way of rejecting (2) by making it not make sense.
Here is a third way out of the argument. Imagine that what it is to have a pain at t is to have had some constitutive physical or spiritual process P have lasted some threshold period of time δt. On this view, before P lasted over a period of δt, there was no pain: pain only starts once P has lasted δt. We might now suppose that δt is something like a millisecond. Then it is possible to have a pain that lasts only a picosecond: for that, all we need is the underlying process P to have lasted δt plus a picosecond—and only the last picosecond of that process would have constituted a pain. But we no longer need to make the implausible claim that we can be aware of picosecond-scale stuff. For in paining, our awareness is the awareness of the underlying process P, and that process always needs to have taken something in the millisecond range for it to constitute a paining.
This way out of the argument also has the consequence that it is not possible to have a pain before completing the first δt of one's existence. Pain is not a momentary property.
The third way out will not appeal to dualists who think phenomenal states are fundamental.
William said...
If a phenomenal experience need to have a certain duration to exist at all (a granularity in time), then, once the experience exists, it exists during every picosecond that it exists. But if its total duartion was only a picosecond it could not exist at all.
An ocean is never a single milliliter of water by itself, but once we have an ocean every milliliter is also ocean.
IanS said...
I'm not understanding (2). Isn't pain by definition felt? If you don't feel it, it's not pain. A stimulus, or state of the body, that usually causes pain may fail to do so if its duration is too short. But then there would be no pain, not a pain too short to be felt. (Note that this differs from your third option. The stimulus or body state can cause a pain if it goes on long enough, but it does not constitute the pain.)
Alexander R Pruss said...
Right. "Cannot feel a pain" just means "Cannot have a pain" in (2).
That's the intuitive thing to say, but then we have to say that once we've had half the minimum granularity of pain, then whether we've HAD any pain depends on whether the other half of the granularity materializes. And that violates (1).
There is no similar paradox in the ocean, because there is no difficulty with saying that whether *this* milliliter of water is ocean depends on the *other* milliliters. But it is paradoxical to say that whether *this* bit of brain/mental function is pain depends on what will come *later*.
Alexander R Pruss said...
Re-reading (2), I can see that it lent itself to confusion as per Ian's remark, so I changed "feel" to "have".
William said...
Assume that for some reason (maybe a consequence of certain laws of nature?) a certain duration in time (Delta) of an input of some kind is part of what is needed for a human (H) to have a certain cognitive event (E) that properly expresses their powers of cognition.
So, Delta is part of the "recipe" for event E in H.
So, let us say that a situation generally leading to event E begins. Let's say that a clock then starts running, and if all other parts of our "recipe" for cognitive event E are in place, after Delta time elapses, event E will have occurred and (may then continue for longer than Delta).
Note, we said that Delta is part of the recipe for E! If we stop the H from existing one picosecond into the clock running, Delta is never part of our recipe, so we never make a proper cake E. So, event E never even occurs, and there was never any event E to start and stop in one picosecond.
But, you say, we could wait until event E occurs, then travel back in time and stop H after a picosecond. But we are thereby creating the "killing your grandfather before he sires your father" kind of paradox.
Alexander R Pruss said...
Suppose E is a pain.
When does the hurting begin? Right when the clock starts running or only after the elapse of Delta?
If the hurting begins right when the clock stops running, then you get the paradoxical claim that whether it hurts for the first picosecond depends on whether the process gets stopped after the picosecond.
But if the hurting begins only after Delta elapses, then it didn't hurt during the first picosecond, and hence it's false that E starts when the clock starts running. For it is a necessary truth that if E, a pain, occurs at t, then it hurts at t.
William said...
The hurting begins during Delta-time. Once the initial _duration_ is part of the pain event, we can then find the start and end of the pain, but only then.
Before the duration occurs, the start and end of the non-yet-existing pain are undefined. We only can find out when the pain began after there is the experience of the pain.
Yes, this means that the present depends on the past in this particular case.


text:
Building materials, metals and mining industries often use vacuum degassing to strengthen products. Additionally, plastics and rubber manufacturing facilities utilize degassing processes.
Degassing removes encapsulated gasses from compounds caused by mixing components. For example, a step in the process of resin and epoxy manufacturing can trap gasses within the compound. This gas can be the cause of structural failures and points of weakness if not removed. Gasses in these compounds are detrimental in the finished cast or cure because the pockets of gas cause nodules, cavities, or hollows.
In terms of metals and mining. vacuum degassing yields stronger steel. Vacuum degassing removes hydrogen from the liquid steel so as to prevent hydrogen-induced defects such as hydrogen flaking.
The purpose of steel degassing include the reduction of dissolved gases, reduction of dissolved carbon to create more ductile steel, and oxidation of dissolved carbon over chromium when refining stainless steel grades. Because numerous load-bearing applications use steel, it is imperative to use the highest strength material possible. Degassing this metal is one way to increase the tensile strength of the material.
Vacuum degassing is essential in terms of plastics and rubber manufacturing because it can affect the integrity of the cast or mold and damaged products in finished process.
Wintek generally utilizes the ruggedness and robustness of the liquid ring vacuum pumps for degassing applications. During the process, there's a chance for some process carryover that the liquid ring pump can handle without issue.


text:
Meet Max, the Human Skeleton Model with Painted Muscle Origins and Inserts from 3B Scientific. Max has all of the same quality features as the original 3B Scientific Human Skeleton with the added benefit of having a painted on muscle structure on his entire left side. These added details help show the natural structural relation between the bones and the muscles of the human body. Featuring over 600 hand-numbered anatomical structures, Max helps students learn of specific muscle origins (painted in red) and insertions (painted in blue), as well as bones, fissures, and foramina on the right side.
This Human Skeleton Model also features a 3-part assembled skull, individually inserted teeth, and easy-to-remove limbs for specific interaction with individual parts. Max's height and weight are very close to that of an actual average human skeleton with around 200 bones. Available with choice of two different stand options, each with five casters for maneuverability.
Human Skeleton Model Features and Benefits:
- Close to Realistic Weight of Around 200 Bones.
- Natural Size.
- Anatomically Correct.
- 3-Part Assembled Skull.
- Individually Inserted Teeth.
- Limbs Can Be Removed Quickly and Easily.
- Top Quality Natural Casting Made in Germany.
- Final Assembly Carried Out by Hand.
- Made From a Durable, Unbreakable Synthetic Material.
- Available On Either Metal Stand with 5 Casters or Metal Hanging Stand with 5 Casters (Painted White).
Human Skeleton Model Specifications:
- Manufacturer: 3B Scientific
- Weight (Max): 21.10 lb
- Weight (Hanging Max): 19.33 lb
- Height (Max): 69.5 Inch
- Height (Hanging Max): 75.8 Inch
- Product Number: A11, A11/1
- Additional Information
Manufacturer 3B Scientific
- Community Q&A
Product QuestionsNo questions yet. Be the first to ask the question!


text:
Exercise 2.3.14. Suppose we have the following matrix
How can you extend the rows of to create a basis for? How can you reduce the columns of to create a basis for?
Answer: As defined is in echelon form but has only two pivots, in the first and third columns. We can add another row to to provide a pivot for the second column:
Since is in echelon form and has pivots in every column, the columns are linearly independent. Since also has pivots in every row the rows are also linearly independent. (See exercise 2.3.5.) The three rows also span with any vector in expressible as
Since the three rows of are linearly independent and span they form a basis for.
Turning to the columns of, since has three columns but only two pivots (in the first and third columns) the three columns must be linearly dependent, and in fact the second column is twice the first. We can therefore remove the second column to form the following 2 by 2 matrix:
Since is in echelon form and has pivots in all columns the columns are linearly independent. They also span with any vector expressible as
Since the two columns of are linearly independent and span they form a basis for.
NOTE: This continues a series of posts containing worked out exercises from the (out of print) book Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Third Edition by Gilbert Strang.
If you find these posts useful I encourage you to also check out the more current Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Fourth Edition, Dr Strang's introductory textbook Introduction to Linear Algebra, Fourth Edition and the accompanying free online course, and Dr Strang's other books.


text:
Synthetic test circuit
For investigation of the switching capability of vacuum switches a synthetic test circuit is used.
As core element a capacitor bank is available to produce high pulsed currents. With a various set of coils different pulse widths and pulse shapes can performed.
Test current: up to 35 kA effective
Current waveforms: 50 Hz sinus, 25 Hz sinus, trapezoidal with 7 ms flat top
Transient recovery voltage: up to 50 kV
Maximum energy: 1,35 MJ
Charging voltage of high current circuit: up to 15 kV
High voltage circuit: up to 30 kV
For synthetic tests on circuit breakers a test circuit is used, which is based on the principle of current superposition, also known as Weil-Dobke circuit.
The breaking current is produced by the high current source. The transient recovery voltage is applied to the device under test with a separate high voltage source.
With this setup a breaking test according the standard IEC 62271 and others analyses can be performed.
During the investigations several measurement values can be recorded. For this a transient recorder is responsible. For different requirements special measuring channels are available. A rough overview over the technical specifications is given:
- Number of analog channels: 54
- Maximal resolution: 18 bit
- Maximal input voltage. +/- 1 kV
- Maximal sample rate: 250 MS/s
To transfer the measurement data a galvanic insulated fiber optic transmisson line between recorder and user computer is used.


3 Gifts for positive thinking
Counting the Good Stuff – '3 Gifts' to Reduce Stress and Lift Your Mood
There is lots of research that shows that just by noticing more of the positives in your life you can reduce stress, begin to lift depression and have a better experience of life all round. Studies conducted by the Positive Psychology team at Penn State University have shown this simple exercise to be as effective at lifting depression as certain medications that are often prescribed by GP's in the UK.
This exercise is called three gifts. Why not try it out and see what a positive difference it can make?
It's easy, just follow these simple steps:
1. Get a lovely new notebook – preferably one that makes you smile just to own it but any notebook containing paper will do!
2. At the end of each day write down 3 things that could be considered gifts in your life. They can be something from nature, something someone said to you, something you read or saw.?Anything that could be considered a gift to you.?Some days you might struggle to find 3 and other days you might struggle to only pick 3 of many.
3. Write down how you were responsible for bringing each of these gifts into your life.
Do this for at least 28 days and at the end of the month you will have a gorgeous record of so many things in your life that could make you smile.
Doing this exercise at the end of the day is great as you will fall asleep with these gifts in you mind and it primes your unconscious to go looking for more gifts the following day – lifting your mood,?relieving?stress and allowing you to?experience?life in a much more positive way.
Do let me know how you get on and if you suffer from stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms and you'd like to discuss how I can help you even further with Coaching and Cognitive Hypnotherapy in London do get in contact here.


text:
Phospholutions, Swisher's State College-based startup, manufactures RhizoSorb, a granular treatment that "emphasizes root production over shoot growth, acting as a natural growth regulator, to make shorter and more compact seedlings more likely to survive the transplant process," the company explains on its website. "Roots exist to draw water and nutrients from the soil. RhizoSorb works by forcing roots to grow deeper through the soil in search of key nutrients. The deeper roots reach, the longer it takes for the soil to dry out, meaning more water is available to the plant in times of drought."
Click here for full article.


FGM, forced marriage and honour based violence for staff, e learning
Lincolnshire Safeguarding Childrens Partnership
E Learning package covers FGM, forced marriage, honour based violence and spirit possession.
This training can be used as evidence towards helping you achieve SMSC.
Learning aims are:
 - recognise why cultural awareness is important in order to achieve the best possible outcomes for children
 - identify how and why cultural traditions can result in the abuse of children
 - recognise the effects that cultural rituals such as female genital mutilation (FGM) can have on children
 - recognise how cultural beliefs such as a belief in spirit possession can result in the abuse of children
Training is a via e learning on the LSCP website. It takes 90 -120 minutes, but can be undertaken in stages
This course:
 - provides an understanding of the four main types of abuse that stem from culture related traditions
 - increases awareness of specific cultural and religious needs
 - provides the knowledge practitioners need to be confident when speaking with people from a different cultural background around the subjects
Free for maintained schools. All others £25 plus VAT.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need to detect the Sun from the space sky.
These are examples of the input images:
I've got such results after Morphologic filtering ( open operation for twice )
Here's the algorithm code of this processing:
// Color to Gray
cvCvtColor(image, gray, CV_RGB2GRAY);
// color threshold
// Morphologic open for 2 times
cvMorphologyEx( gray, dst, NULL, CV_SHAPE_RECT, CV_MOP_OPEN, 2);
Isn't it too heavy processing for such a simple task? And how to find the center of the Sun? If I find white points, than I'll find white points of big Earth ( left top corner on first example image )
Please advise me please my further action to detect the Sun.
Trying algorithm of getting centroid by formula : {x,y} = {M10/M00, M01/M00}
CvMoments moments;
cvMoments(dst, &moments, 1);
double m00, m10, m01;
m00 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 0,0);
m10 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 1,0);
m01 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 0,1);
// calculating centroid
float centroid_x = m10/m00;
float centroid_y = m01/m00;
 cvCircle( image,
 cvPoint(cvRound(centroid_x), cvRound(centroid_y)),
 50, CV_RGB(125,125,0), 4, 8,0);
And where Earth is in the photo, I got such a result:
So, centroid is on the Earth. :(
Trying cvHoughCircles:
CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0);
CvSeq* circles = cvHoughCircles(dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT, 12,
 dst->width/2, 255, 100, 0, 35);
if ( circles->total > 0 ) {
 // getting first found circle
 float* circle = (float*)cvGetSeqElem( circles, 0 );
 // Drawing:
 // green center dot
 cvCircle( image, cvPoint(cvRound(circle[0]),cvRound(circle[1])),
 3, CV_RGB(0,255,0), -1, 8, 0 );
 // wrapping red circle
 cvRound(circle[2]), CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, 8, 0 );
First example: bingo, but the second - no ;(
I've tried different configuration of cvHoughCircles() - couldn't find configuration to fit every my example photo.
matchTemplate approach worked for me ( response of mevatron ). It worked with big number of tests.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
How about trying a simple matchTemplate approach. I used this template image:
enter image description here
And, it detected the 3 out of 3 of the sun images I tried: enter image description here enter image description here enter image description here
This should work due to the fact that circles (in your case the sun) are rotationally invariant, and since you are so far away from the sun it should be roughly scale invariant as well. So, template matching will work quite nicely here.
Finally, here is the code that I used to do this:
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 /// Load image and template
 string inputName = "sun2.png";
 string outputName = "sun2_detect.png";
 Mat img = imread( inputName, 1 );
 Mat templ = imread( "sun_templ.png", 1 );
 /// Create the result matrix
 int result_cols = img.cols - templ.cols + 1;
 int result_rows = img.rows - templ.rows + 1;
 Mat result( result_cols, result_rows, CV_32FC1 );
 /// Do the Matching and Normalize
 matchTemplate(img, templ, result, CV_TM_CCOEFF);
 Point maxLoc;
 minMaxLoc(result, NULL, NULL, NULL, &maxLoc);
 rectangle(img, maxLoc, Point( maxLoc.x + templ.cols, maxLoc.y + templ.rows ), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2);
 imshow("img", img);
 imshow("result", result);
 imwrite(outputName, img);
 return 0;
Hope you find that helpful!
share|improve this answer
Actually, the reasons this is working are different from the mentioned ones. For a starter, there is nothing resembling the used template anywhere else in these images. Also, this is much more likely to be several times slower than the initial morphological approach. – mmgp Dec 17 '12 at 23:43
Good points indeed :) However, since I was assuming the space ship is in our solar system, I believe it's safe to say only one Sun will show up :D – mevatron Jan 24 '13 at 15:40
I guess this would fail if any part of the HUD (the pilot user interface) gets on top of the sun. Unless the template matching gives a score on how good the match is, that way you could threshold the top results and it would probably work with some obstructions. – Rui Marques Feb 25 at 16:36
Color Segmentation Approach
Do a color segmentation on the images to identify objects on the black background. You may identify the sun according to its area (given this uniquely identifies it, resp. don't varies largely accross images). A more sophisticated approach could compute image moments, e.g. hu moments of the objects. See this page for these features.
Use a classification algorithm of your choice to do the actual classification of the objects found. The most simple approach is to manually specify thresholds, resp. value ranges that turn out to work for all(most) of your object/image combinations.
You may compute the actual position from the raw moments, as for the circular sun the position is equal to the center of mass
Centroid: {x, y } = { M10/M00, M01/M00 }
Edge Map Approach
Another option would be a circle hough transformation of the edge map, this will hopefully return some candidate circles (by position and radius). You may select the sun-circle according to the radius you expect (if you are lucky there is at most one).
share|improve this answer
I think with image moments it won't work. If there will be only the sun on the screen - than, the center of the Sun is Centroid point. But if Earth takes some screen's part (like in image #1 top left), than this part is "heavier" than Sun and Centroid will be shifted. I've tried with CircleHough, and it doesn't work for all my example photos... – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 0:31
I've updated my questions - examples were added – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 1:14
A simple addition to your code is to filter out objects based on their size. If you always expect the earth to be much bigger than the sun, or the sun to have almost the same area in each picture, you can filter it by area.
Try Blob detector for this task.
And note that it may be good to apply a morphological opening/closing instead of simple erode or dilate, so your sun will have almost the same area before and after processing.
share|improve this answer
thanx, i think it would be usefull for me, but my openCv build doesn't have blob detector, and I'm novice in C++ (i won't be able to compile the newest version) – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 20:40
Take the latest OpenCV from sourceforge sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary And to use it is as simple as the increment operator :) It's already compiled. And.. did you add using namespace cv? How don't you have the blob detector? – sammy Nov 23 '11 at 6:50
Your Answer


text:
THL Toolbox > Audio-Video > Overview
Contributor(s): David Germano, James Graves, Chelsea Hall, Eric Woelfel.
New developments in digital technology and the Web offer exciting new possibilities for the incorporation of audio-video into new areas of research, publication and teaching. They also allow us for the first time to use and explore audio-video creatively in ways previously only possible with texts, such as providing for powerful ways to search media files and giving users tools to creatively alter audio-video files to incorporate into their own work. However, working with audio-video can also be very frustrating, and thus THL has expended considerable energies in developing tools and documentation to provide a systematic framework for the creation, delivery and use of audio-video in research, publication and teaching.
For a beginner's lesson on how to use the AV Database website, please see: Using the THL AV Database.
The overall process from start to finish can be divided into five distinct phases:
- Create the audio-video through recording sessions
- Technically process the media into edited segments in formats usable on a computer
- Catalog the resultant media titles with metadata
- Linguistically process the media titles with transcription, translation, annotation and timecoding
- Package the media title into research publications, or into instructional units, including integration with reference databases, for delivery to end users
Given the demands of such a process, it is vital that an integrated set of tools with proper manuals and broader documentation are available which are free, open source, and suited for educational purposes. We are creating comprehensive documentation for each phase, which themselves involve a series of internal steps and processes often requiring separate documentation. As a whole, these materials form the basis for our training and reference with regard to audio-video materials.
1. Determine a title to be produced.
- Review/screen recorded material (i.e., video tapes) and decide how they might be broken down into discrete titles. Each title will be its own video. Consult standardized guidelines for generating titles, including standardized phraseology, etc.
- Generating Titles & Credits for Recordings
2. Propose a title (and corresponding credits for each title) and have them checked by Germano.
- (Typically, it's best to prepare a batch of titles and their corresponding credits, and submit that to Germano, rather than submitting titles to him one-by-one.)
3. Send the approved titles and credits to Penam in Lhasa, or a local Tibetan assigned to the task like Tsering Wangchuk and Tsering Perlo to be rendered into Tibetan and Chinese.
4. Meanwhile digitize and edit your titles in Final Cut Pro, inserting blank title and credit slates whose trilingual information can be added later, once translations are ready.
5. Complete catalog entries in BOTH the physical media (i.e., tapes) database AND Audio-Video database.
- Physical Media Database: Make sure the content of the tape is properly described in the physical media database. Also include the recording date, the tape format (i.e., NTSC, PAL, HD, etc.), and other useful data about the tape itself and its recording.
- AV Database: Give a short description of the title's content, fill out the relevant metadata (like language, etc.), propose collection classifications if not obvious, & record as much information as you can about participants involved in your title, under the "Credits" tab of each AVDB entry
- Consult with a native Tibetan speaker to help process participant information on handwritten forms as necessary. (Often such forms are filled out in the cursive script, not dbu can, and may therefore be harder to understand.)
6. Compress each title in Final Cut Pro, making sure you've included ending credits. Upload the files to the server after compression and after converting the audio files to MPEG-3 and generating thumbnails.
7. Alert a Transcription Center that the compression is ready for transcription, and eventual translation.
8. If relevant, once transcribed, it can be further processed for use in an instructional unit or other presentational context (see making language instructional units).
NOTE: If possible, use the fields under the workflow tab in order to mark processes as completed. In addition, you should keep track of the workflow in a more comprehensive fashion using the status reports for av, ie: titles waiting to be approved, completed titles, etc. In the future, we hope the new AV database will allow for tracking of workflow so that everyone involved can easily fnd what titles need to be translated, etc. by using the database itself.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Asteroseismology reveals magnetic fields deep within stars
24 October 2015 Astronomy Now
Astronomers have for the first time probed the magnetic fields in the mysterious inner regions of stars, finding they are strongly magnetised. Using a technique called asteroseismology, the scientists were able to calculate the magnetic field strengths in the fusion-powered hearts of dozens of red giants, stars that are evolved versions of our Sun.


text:
Lamp Shell Terebratulina septentrionalis
It would be easy to mistake a lamp shell for a small bivalve mollusk, as both have a hinged shell in two parts and live attached to the sea floor. Lamp shells, however, have a very thin, light shell and the two parts are different sizes, with the smaller one fitting into the larger. The shell valves cover the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the animal whereas in bivalve mollusks they are on the left and right side of the body. Lamp shells attach their pear-shaped shell to hard surfaces by means of a fleshy stalk that emerges from a hole in the ventral shell valve. With the shell valves gaping open, the animal draws in a current of water that brings plankton with it. Taking up most of the space inside the shell is a feeding structure called the lophophore, which consists of two lateral lobes and a central coiled lobe covered in long ciliated tentacles. The beating of the cilia creates the water current. Lamp shells are found worldwide, but they are especially abundant in colder waters. In the northeastern Atlantic, Terebratulina septentrionalis is mostly found in deep water, while along the east coast of North America, it commonly occurs in shallow water. This species is very similar to Terebratulina retusa.


MouseLeave Event
UIElement.MouseLeave Event
Occurs when the mouse (or the stylus) leaves the bounding area of a UIElement.
Namespace: System.Windows
Assembly: System.Windows (in System.Windows.dll)
public event MouseEventHandler MouseLeave
The MouseLeave event is raised in response to the mouse (or the stylus) leaving the object's bounding area.
You can define multiple MouseLeave events for objects in XAML content. However, if a child object and its parent object both define a MouseLeave event, the parent object's MouseLeave event occurs before the child object's MouseLeave event. This is not a case of a bubbling event; it indicates only that the mouse (or the stylus) has entered both objects, potentially at different times depending on the object layout and composition of the visual tree.
Unlike the MouseEnter event, the MouseLeave event does not provide the mouse (or the stylus) position in event data, because the position of the mouse pointer relative to the object is unknown when it is out of bounds. Because it is always null, you generally should not use the event data from your MouseLeave event handler, although you may still be interested in the sender parameter.
MouseLeave and OnMouseLeave
Controls that inherit MouseLeave can provide handling for the event that acts as handler for all instances, by overriding the OnMouseLeave method. OnMouseLeave can be useful either for setting visual state, or for public or internal state properties. For instance, Slider implements OnMouseLeave in order to check the Thumb element's value for IsDragging (which cancels a particular behavior mode), and also to set visual state. For more information, see OnMouseLeave.
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


text:
Hutong means a lane or alley, formed by lines of Quadrangles where old Beijing residents live, witness the vicissitude of the city. The gray-tiled houses and deep alleys crossing with each other in identical appearance like a maze, you will find it much fun to walk through but be care not to lost yourself.
According to experts, the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning "well". In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be a place where people gather and live.
A 37-metre-wide road was called an avenue, an 18-metre-wide one was called a street, and a 9-metre-wide lane was called a Hutong. Most of today's Hutong were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that followed.
Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But one thing is for sure, if we connected all the Hutongs together, their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall, which is about 4000 miles longer. Or to make it clear, it could build a highway from Seattle to Boston, all across America!
In old times, transportation was not as convenient as today, street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life. They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services. People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments. The food they sold usually include baked pancakes, seasoned millet mush, or Youzhaguo, a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks, and all kinds of vegetables.
The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication. Children living in one courtyard play together and grow up together like one big family. So now our government is trying to preserve such Hutong area in Beijing. Without permission, nobody is allowed to tear down old houses to build high-rise apartments. We want to save it as a treasure to show our later generations what Beijing used to be like.


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In an electric vehicle, power electronics plays a central role in managing the transfer and conversion of electrical energy between the battery and various other components.
The high voltage and current ratings at which the power electronics need to operate, together with fast switching speeds, pose significant design challenges such as thermal management, EMC compliance, and reliability.
This 22-minute e-seminar provides an overview of simulation solutions that address these challenges in the design of a three-phase inverter power module. In particular, it addresses the thermal management, EMC compliance, and parasitic extraction aspects. An audience Q&A follows the technical presentation.
An audience Q&A follows the technical presentation.
Why should people attend?
Attendees will learn about how diverse technologies such as circuit solvers, system solvers, CFD and electromagnetic solvers, co-simulation between 1D and 3D solvers, and a dedicated electric powertrain library can all be seamlessly connected to provide a single source of truth to address Power Electronics Engineering challenges.


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The Hermetic Wild West
In nineteenth century America, the Order of Hermes is recovering from the trauma of the Civil War, where wizards stretched or even broke the Code on both sides. With the war over, House Guernicus is recruiting Hoplites to pursue lawbreakers into the untamed west where the Order as a whole struggles with the challenges of native magic, abundant magical resources, and the "Vis Rush" it precipitated.
This is an Ars Magica 5th ed. game set in the American west. The Order of Hermes is a publicly known institution which struggles to find its place in a young country.


text:
Christopher W. Blackwell, edition of March 21, 2003
page 1 of 7
· Summary ·
Apophasis refers to an investigation into serious threats to the Athenian democracy, especially treason and bribery, although there is some evidence for it being used for lesser offenses. This investigation involved several branches of the Athenian government: the Assembly, the Areopagus, and the People's Court. This procedure, an innovation of the later 4th century BCE, began with an investigation conducted by the Areopagus, which would issue a report. The report was called an apophasis (ἀπόφασις). Eventually, the whole procedure—investigation, report, prosecution—came to be known by this term. When the Areopagus issued its report on suspected treason or bribery, it included a recommendation, either to prosecute certain parties or not to. If the Areopagus recommended prosecution, the Assembly would appoint prosecutors, and the matter would be tried before the People's Court. The different institutions seem to have served to balance each other, and we hear of several cases in which the Areopagus recommended conviction, but the Assembly or People's Court acquitted the defendant.
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page 1 of 7


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, Tesla Day. Some organizations celebrate Tesla Day informally on 10 July. However, The Tesla Memorial Society wrote letters to several officials asking to commemorate 10 July as international Nikola Tesla Day.
Six generation units with a combined capacity of 1650.5 MW that makes it the largest power facility in the former Yugoslavia. TPP Nikola Tesla A was first synchronised on March 27, 1970. It has two chimneys: one with a height of 220 metres and a second with a height of 150 metres.
This dynamics appears to be a derivative of what Tesla commented, and although it is not mentioned by him, it is a logical next step to explain the thermodynamics in the system.
TPP Nikola Tesla operates its own railway with over 100 km rail tracks total. The railway is used for coal transport from the mines to the power plants. It is independent from the national rail freight transport company Srbija Kargo.
Google honored Tesla on his birthday on 10 July 2009 by displaying a Google Doodle in the Google search home page, that showed the G as a Tesla coil.


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Let's face it, during the construction phase, it can be a messy business, so it's important that the pipeline interior be kept clean throughout the process. This UC2 construction pig was developed for just this purpose. It is primarily used for light cleaning during the construction phase and can be used in all capacities of pipeline cleaning.
At times it's necessary to clean a line more rigorously, which requires additional cups. With this in mind, the UC in available in three versions. The two-cup design of the UC2 pig, provides a basic level of cleaning capability. With each additional cup, the UC pig cleans more rigorously. Therefore, the UC3 three-cup and the UC4 four-cup design pigs are progressively more effective cleaning tools. They are used to lightly clean pipelines, and are typically used for longer distances.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS:
- Every Series UC pig is equipped with Series C Cups. As with all the pigs we sell, the Series C cup was specifically developed to perform, efficiently and reliably. To enhance durability, it's made from Reliathane, a special blend of wear-resistant polyurethane.
- The large wearing surface of the cup promotes longer life, while product pressure holds the cutting edge firmly against the wall
- Designed to negotiate 1.5D bends, the Series UC2 pig moves reliably through piping systems.
- Carver discs
- Aluminum gauging plates
- Three (UC3) and 4 cup (UC4) configurations
- Magnets can be used to either collect ferrous and other construction debris, or they can be used to provide a change in magnetic field required by non-intrusive pig signaler detection devices.


text:
Ontario's Historical Plaques
Learn a little Ontario history as told through its plaques
These two plaques are at the same location.
Both can be seen on this page.
Photo by Alan L Brown - Posted April, 2004
Photo by contributor Wayne Adam - Posted February, 2012
Photo Source - Wikipedia
Coordinates: N 44 06.090 W 79 26.470
Erected 1825-32, its architecture symbolizes the religious beliefs of its builder, David Willson, born in New York State 1778. Disowned by the Society of Friends (Quakers), he established hereabouts the Children of Peace (Davidites) in 1812, a small sect which retained some Quaker mysticism while placing great emphasis on ceremony, music and practical education. Most Davidites were strong political reformers and several joined Mackenzie's force in the Rebellion of 1837. Following Willson's death 1866, the strength of the sect diminished and its last service was held here 1886.
Photo by Alan L Brown - Posted May, 2009
This elegant structure stands as testament to the faith and good works of the Children of Peace. In _PHONE_ master carpenters Ebenezer and John Doan constructed it to the plans of religious leader David Willson who was inspired by Biblical descriptions of Solomon's Temple and the New Jerusalem. The square plan symbolized the sect's egalitarian beliefs and cooperative principles. Once a month and on holidays the Temple was the scene of music-filled ceremonies. Its rescue from demolition in 1918 by the York Pioneer and Historical Society is an early example of historic conservation in Canada.
Here are the visitors' comments for this page.
Posted June 29, 2011
This building was used to film scenes in "Samuel Lount" (1985), a movie about the Rebel leader (see his plaque pages on this site and at torontoplaques.com). The film portrayed Lount as a member of the pacifist sect, but characterized his involvement in the Rebellion as unique. This plaque says support for fighting the British was common amongst members. -Wayne
Posted June 9, 2011
When I lived in Toronto years ago, I would visit this spot quite frequently. Absolutely unique architecture, and just a wonderful place for a visit!
Posted November 8, 2010
Amazing structure, thank Heaven it was saved from demolition! I used to visit it years ago. Nothing else like it!!
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Scale Reviews
Find reliable measures for use in your questionnaires. Search Now
Suzanne Cromlish, PhD
Saint Xavier University, Chicago
Four, seven-point, semantic differentials measure how honest and legitimate something is believed to be.
With four items, the scale measures the degree to which a product is believed to be genuine and original in some unstated way.
Four, seven-point Likert-type items measure to what degree a person believes that a social standard of a particular group of people makes sense and is of benefit to them. The norm is not stated in the items themselves and must be provided to participants some way.
Nine-point Likert-type items are used to measure a consumer's belief that there is evidence that a particular product is genuinely a particular brand rather than a fake or confusingly similar one. A twoand a four-item version are provided.
A consumer's belief that a particular product contains the legitimate and genuine character of a particular brand is measured with three, nine-point Likert-type items. The scale could also be referred to as measuring "contagion" or "transferred essence."


Sneha Girap (Editor)
Jahangir Mamatov
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Name Jahangir Mamatov
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Books Tajik-English dictionary
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Jahangir Mamatov (Джахангир Маматов) is a linguist, lexicographer, author, journalist, and a political analyst of Central Asian issues. He is a former member of the Uzbek Parliament and a co-author of Uzbekistan's Declaration of Independence. His writings, tenure in parliament, and other political activities were often greatly at odds with the Uzbek government. He was arrested but escaped into exile for many years. In 2005 he was instrumental in forming the democratic opposition group Congress of Democratic Uzbekistan (CDU) and became its first chairman. His writings are still banned in Uzbekistan.
Jahangir Mamatov Jahangir Mamatov TURONZAMIN
During the Soviet era
Mamatov was born on September 1, 1955, in Samarqand Region, married in 1980, and has four children. He was educated in Samarqand and at the Department of Journalism of Tashkent State University from 1973–1979, where he did research in journalism and linguistics until 1981. He began his journalism career with the Toshkent Haqiqati newspaper in 1973, moving the next year to the newspaper Qishloq Haqiqati, where he stayed until 1979.
From _PHONE_, Mamatov was an editor at the State TV-Radio Company. He then worked for the Lenin Yoli newspaper in Samarqand Province from _PHONE_.
From 1985–1990 he was a correspondent for O'zbekiston Ovozi in Samarqand Province and Qishloq Haqiqati, where he had worked from _PHONE_. He also became a columnist for the satirical magazine Mushtum. During these years more than a thousand of his satirical, critical, and political analysis articles were published. Some of his articles were collected in the books Youth, Pure Dawn, and 525 Days that Shook Samarkand.
In 1990, at the age of 35, Mamatov received the title "Honored Journalist of Uzbekistan". In the same year he was elected from the Jomboy electoral district to the Uzbek Supreme Soviet (parliament), serving as a high-ranking official on its Glasnost Committee until 1993. During this period, he wrote the book Press Law and founded the newspaper Xalq So'zi, the main publication of the Uzbek Parliament.
Uzbek independence
On June 20, 1990, the Supreme Soviet issued Uzbekistan's Declaration of Independence. Mamatov was one of the authors of this historic document.
Mamatov organized a parliamentary commission to investigate violent incidents in Bekobod, Boka, Parkent and concluded that they were masterminded by the Uzbek government. He showed evidence that the KGB was behind terrorist acts among the ethnic Uzbeks and Meskhetian Turks in the Parkent district of Tashkent Province. His public conclusions and accusations angered the Uzbek government, which followed and harassed him. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan accused Mamatov of criticizing the Chairman of the Party, Islam Karimov. The chief justice of the Supreme Court, on his own TV program, asked the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for permission to arrest Mamatov, but the attempt was rejected for lack of parliamentary support.
On August 17, 1991, to protest the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt in Moscow opposing Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program and the new union treaty for decentralizing Soviet power and returning it to the republics, Mamatov joined some of his colleagues in a demonstration in front of the Parliament building and publicly burned his Communist Party membership certificate. He later stood for election as chairman of the Uzbek Journalists Association and claimed that the government falsified the election results.
President Islam Karimov and his allies in parliament shut down the Glasnost Committee, but once Mamatov resigned, the committee was re-instated.
In 1991, in the seventh session of the Uzbek Parliament, Mamatov and some of his fellow deputies put forward measures in Parliament to limit Karimov's attempts to become an absolute dictator. Under pressure from democratic deputies, the Uzbek government had to permit the organization of a committee to regulate relations between the president of Uzbekistan and the parliament. Mamatov became the Presidential Advisor for Parliamentary Relations in that committee and was subsequently appointed as a Chief of Uzbek State Television-Deputy of the State Radio and Television Committee.
In opposition
As a result of the Karimov administration's attacks on human rights and democracy, including the bloody events in Tashkent City's Student Town, in 1992 Mamatov felt compelled to resign his position in protest. Before his resignation, Mamatov declared that dictatorship was reigning in Uzbekistan. It was the first time a high government official openly declared that his resignation was a sign of protest against Karimov.
In parliament, Mamatov continued to lead a group of opposition representatives who strongly and openly criticized the emerging dictatorship under Karimov's rule and persisted in fighting for democracy. Mamatov quickly emerged as a leader among the most prominent critics of Karimov regime's state policy. He was one of the organizers of the March 28, 1992, Uzbek Democratic Coalition Forum, which took place at the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party headquarters.
After that, Mamatov led the non-governmental organization Turon, a language research organization. Even though only the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan had the power to shut down Turon, the Ministry of Justice, violating the law, abolished Turon and confiscated all its papers, assets, and other possessions.
On February 7, 1993, the Uzbek government banned Erk (Liberty), the newspaper affiliated with the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party, the main party of the democratic political opposition. At that time, Mamatov was a chief editor of the paper as well as deputy chairman of the party. On February 13, Uzbek police forcibly evicted Mamatov and his family from their house in Tashkent. The government seized the house, forcing Mamatov to move to his hometown, Samarqand City. He was charged with criticizing President Karimov while in parliament for his dictatorial behavior. On April 17, the Uzbek authorities arrested Mamatov in Samarqand.
He later wrote the book Palace Games about Karimov's actions. Even though the government confiscated the manuscript, the samizdat became very popular. In 1994 the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party serialized the book in Erk.
In exile
With the help of supporters Mamatov was able to escape Uzbekistan. His wife, the mother of four children, was pressured to divorce him but refused to do so. She was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison.
After securing his family's release and emigration from Uzbekistan, Mamatov moved to Turkey. From 1994–1998 he worked at Koç University in Istanbul, as a correspondent of the BBC Uzbek Service, and as a columnist for the newspaper Turkiye. While living abroad he wrote his book Quvg'in (Exile, a trilogy), which was critical of Uzbekistan's tyrannical regime.
The Uzbek government sent secret agents three times to kill Mamatov, which led to his being granted political asylum in the United States through the United Nations in February 1998.
Mamatov resumed his career as a journalist in the VOA Uzbek Service, USA from _PHONE_. Due to his critical reports the Uzbek government ordered the arrest of his relatives, including his sisters. With pressure from the U.S. Congress, U.S. government, and international human rights organizations, Mamatov's relatives were released.
In 2005 Mamatov brought together leaders of the Uzbek democratic opposition, which had been unable to effectively coordinate activities over the previous 15 years. A Congress of Democratic Uzbekistan (CDU), open to all opposition groups and individuals, convened on September 25, 2005. Mamatov served as its chairman until 2011.
Mamatov also taught Uzbek in language schools and since 2001 has been working as a senior linguist at the Language Research Center (LRC).
Jahangir Mamatov is the author of nearly 40 books. Many of his books were published in the United States, Turkey, and Azerbaijan, yet his books are strictly forbidden in Uzbekistan. He is the author of six linguistic books which were all published in the United States.
He has been publishing his personal website,, and the CDU website,, since 2001.
Jahangir Mamatov Wikipedia


text:
Women have many questions: Why you care about her? Why you do what you do? Why you make the investment decisions that you do?
Yet most advisors, even those who claim to be Women's Wealth Specialists, tend to drown women (and sometimes men) in long winded explanations of their credentials, experience and investment process.
Many advisors think words such as, 'asset allocation' and 'diversification' are both valuable and intriguing.. in reality they simply confuse and bore women often causing them to tune out.
They don't want to know how to make the clock they want to know why they need the clock. The same holds true with your investment philosophy. When women understand why you invest the way you do in simple compelling language the barriers come down and the relationship grows.
Become A Women's Wealth Specialist
Tool 3: Writing Your Investment Philosophy
Consider using clichés to validate your investment recommendations. Instead of overwhelming your client with technical terms and financial jargon they aren't familiar with, engage them with clichés to cleverly describe your strategy and approach.
Well known clichés create immediate clarity as to why you do what you do. This builds trust with a woman. When a woman understands why you do what you do, she will be more inclined to move forward and take action.
- You'll experience a receptive client: The moment the male advisor shared her clichés the woman nodded and was totally receptive to the recommendations.
- Clichés also have a positive effect on husbands: After using her 3 clichés, she realized it wasn't just the women who appreciated this approach, as the men seemed more relaxed and focused on the investment recommendations as well.
- Using clichés allows you to prioritize your time: By using his 3 clichés he didn't have to spend time explaining giving a lengthy explanation about what he does, and instead what able to focus on the client and resolving their issues.
- Using clichés builds confidence: It can be challenging to explain an investment philosophy to your audience. You might have experienced blank stares with your approach. Using clichés will help.
- Clichés are a simple and effective approach: Advisors never realize how simple it is to get women to move forward once they understand what you think and why. This process is so much easier. What a great solution!
Sample Investment Philosophy:
Our investment philosophy is best represented by three clichés that instill our core philosophy for investing your money.
- We take the road "Less Traveled": We often focused on the investments least adored by Wall Street. We tend to buy into fear and sell into greed.
- Price Matters: We like to buy quality on sale. The best business in the world can be a terrible investment if you pay too much for it.
- A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned: We do not like to lose money! We believe that capital preservation and minimizing the risk of large portfolio losses is of paramount importance.
You too can become a Women's Wealth Specialist. In the MWA, Masters of Women's Advisory Certification Program, Adri will walk you through every step of the process, help you to create and integrate your investment clichés, and help you develop a Female Friendly practice that will engage, inspire, and motivate women to become your client.


What is DMP?
The data can be offline data which is uploaded to the DMP or could be from an online source which is imported in real time.
Once user data is stored within the DMP, the data can be used for analysis ie categorize by demographics or interests.
Popular DMPs include;
Adobe Audience Manager
Google Audience Center
Neustar PlatformOne
Nielsen DMP (Exelate)
Oracle (Blue Kai)
Salesforce DMP
Xaxis Turbine


text:
_PHONE_ An Anatomy od Global ConflictAndrzej Chwalba
Dział: historia _PHONE_
1914--1918: An Anatomy of Global Conflict recounts a history of the First World War from an anthropological perspective. It shares the stories of individual participants, which include soldiers, civilians, and women. The study revisits the events of the war through the lens of everyday life, economic affairs, migration, invasion, military occupation, the role of civilian infrastructure, and the impact of the national question; and it undertakes a clinical analysis of various models of ground warfare.


Tinkertrons: Make Artificial Neurons For Robots
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Picture of Tinkertrons: Make Artificial Neurons For Robots
Tinkertrons are an attempt to make a cross between a circuit board and a bread board--a kind of universal circuit. These plug and play circuits are designed to be easily assembled and interfaced like tinker toys. They are designed to be easy to rearrange and interconnect. Any Tinkertron can communicate with any other Tinkertron in several ways and the interface allows for parallel processing.
The goal is to create a crude approximation of living neurons and to discover a neural network that is more effective than standard circuits and the standard programming used to control robots.
Pic 2 shows the first real world test of a soft robot arm that is controlled by robot neurons. To see a video and instructable on the robot you can go here:
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Step 1: Tinkertron Neural Network
Picture of Tinkertron Neural Network
Step 1 pic shows a diagram of the Tinkertron neural network. The illustration was made using an excellent free program called Scheme-It. Available from Digi-Key:
The Tinkertron schematics were also made with this program.
Robot Neurons
Robot neurons can communicate with each other by serial or I2C protocols. They each have infrared LED's which can signal their status to the programmer or to other neurons with receivers. They also have any available input/output pins connected to header sockets which can be used to directly connect to any other neurons with 24 gauge wire.
Types of Neurons
At this point there are three main types of Tinkertron neurons:
1. Sensor neurons that interface with different sensors such as switches, compasses, infrared sensors, etc.
2. Master neurons that poll sensors, decide on responses and tell the actuator neurons what sequences of outputs to activate.
3. Activator neurons are all different. Each is designed to activate a stepper motor, regular motor, servo, LED's, or other device. They receive serial commands and do whatever the master neurons tell them to.
Additional Circuits
Each neuron has four header sockets at a diagonal that are used to program the Picaxe processors. Additional circuits such as memory, display, infrared receivers, or others, can be attached here.
u9712 months ago
Would like to make a couple of these at some point,awesome idea and easy to follow designs.
Amazing concept, do you have a schematic for the actuator neuron? It seems like those are two 18x picaxes on there.
fretted2 years ago
If it was air conditioning or plumbing i could do it but these schematics scare me lol
replace valves with transistors, little diameter pipes with resistors and surge tanks with capacitors, and you're half way there :)
im37332 years ago
Hmm... If one was to build enough of these to be able to teach the robot to build more... assuming it had enough resources, I wonder how long it would take for it to either A) reach the functional capacity this design can support (likely due to attenuation from the wires), or B) gain sentience.
budhaztm im37332 years ago
Interesting question. And how long until terminator?
Or, more disturbingly, Replicators...
Yes, but which would be more disturbing, Pegasus Replicators or Milky Way Replicators? In any case, so long as we 1, leave out all agression programming (meaning don't try to make them weapons) and 2, don't piss off the AI they view as "mom", I think we'll be ok.
Realistically speaking using an AI program to have conversations combined with a humanoid robot such as the ASIMO is possible. However there are complications with the'sentience' part.
Using a few instructables from this site and innovative thinking it is possible to use human motion fed into AI program to a humanoid robot and mimic the movements to become its own. this theoretically can help get a robot standing again if it falls over or prevent it from falling in the first place.
this is a good link for the idea of moving and mimic. all you have to do is wear a suit with movment and flex sensors
if you use the neurons from this instructable and replicate muscles from!/
it entirely possible to make a human like arm too mimic human movment. however compressed air could be a difficulty it could be converted to using distilled water and a pumps.
you can create synthetic 'feelers' or a skin around your humanoid robot as well as temptature sensors. plug the receptors into the neuron chips and you could even put in a bypass in case it touches a spike in temptature to react with out signals having to go to the main processing unit. (kind of like the human reflex.)
all of these together could get you somewhere close to your terminator all you have to do is program a goal for it to complete.
So to answer your question budhaztm, it is getting closer.
Mr.Stein2 years ago
This is a great idea. I attached a schematic for a power module.
mikey77 (author) Mr.Stein2 years ago
Thank you for your contribution.
I do not understand why you used a.sch file which I and most people don't know how to open without a special program.
If you sincerely want to share, you could simply post a JPEG.
iceng2 years ago
Lots of work goes into this..... . . . A
marc.cryan2 years ago


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Recovering Financially After Filing an Employment Lawsuit
Published on Jul 29, 2020 at 7:05 pm in Lawsuit Funding Information.
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As an employee, you are entitled to certain rights—as established by the federal government. This means you are protected from discrimination, harassment, retaliation, and wrongful termination. In the event an employer breaches a federal anti-discrimination law, the employee has the right to file a lawsuit to seek compensation for their losses and suffering.
Filing a lawsuit not only ensures the opportunity to seek compensation, but it also holds the negligent party accountable for their actions. Unfortunately, employment lawsuits are often complex and can take a significant time to settle. Let's take a look at what recovering financially after filing an employment lawsuit looks like.
Understanding Employment Lawsuit Compensation
When you work with a lawyer on an employment lawsuit, they'll advise you as to what you are able to seek in regard to monetary recovery. Depending on your circumstances, you could be entitled to back wages, front wages, or consequential damages.
It's important to note that damage caps and available compensation varies by state and may be impacted by state laws. Your attorney will explain any applicable state laws to you.
Back Wages
Back wages are what you would have earned if the discrimination or harassment had never taken place. These are calculated by subtracting what you made after being fired, demoted, or harassed from what you made before.
While calculating back wages may seem straightforward, there is often some guesswork that goes along with determining a total. For example, back wages are calculated from the time the wrongful act occurred until the time you win at trial. Additionally, total wages lost can be dependent upon whether you earn any money from another source to replace what you lost from your job.
Front Wages
As opposed to back wages, front wages are what you would have earned if you had not been fired, demoted, or harassed. They start from the time after you win at trial until some point in the future beyond that.
A judge can award front wages in different situations. For example, if an expert, like an economist, testifies on your behalf regarding when you might be able to find adequate replacement income, the judge could award you front wages for that predicted amount of time.
Consequential Damages
Consequential damages refer to any money you had to spend as a result of being fired. For example, this could include out-of-pocket medical expenses, moving costs for relocation, or travel expenses. To successfully seek consequential damages, you'll often need evidence like medical bills, proof of payment, or other receipts.
Depending on the situation, consequential damages can also include financial damages suffered. When a person loses their job, that loss has the potential to damage their credit report if they cannot pay their bills. Your lawyer can show your credit rating dropped because of missed payments after losing your job. A damaged credit report can cost a person money over time in the form of higher interest rates and decreased borrowing power.
Managing Finances Amid Litigation
As mentioned, employment lawsuits can take time to resolve. If you're dealing with unemployment and job hunting while in the middle of a lawsuit, you could be struggling financially. Fortunately, personal injury lawsuit plaintiffs have the option of seeking legal funding.
At Preferred Capital Funding, we provide plaintiffs with the money they need to pay their bills and maintain their quality of life while dealing with litigation. A pre-settlement cash advance is different than a traditional bank loan in a number of ways. For one, we won't need to look at your financial records or employment history. We'll only need to verify that you've filed a personal injury claim and have a strong case.
In some states, cash advances for lawsuits are non-recourse. This means that the plaintiff only pays us back in the event they win their case. We absorb the risk, which reduces the possibility of the plaintiff falling into further financial trouble after a failed lawsuit.
Apply for Lawsuit Funding from Preferred Capital Funding
If you're interested in legal funding, consult with your attorney. They will need to be willing to work with us for you to be eligible for funding. The application process is simple. All you need to do is provide us with some basic contact information, details about your claim, and how much money you're looking to receive. A legal funding expert will review your case and discuss the matter with your lawyer. If you're deemed eligible for funding, you could have the cash you need in as little as 24 hours.
At Preferred Capital Funding, we understand the challenges of dealing with a lawsuit and we know how it can affect a person financially. To ensure you have the money you need to see your lawsuit through and hold your employer accountable for their negligence, contact us today.
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The role of riot police in law enforcement
February 28, 2012
The role of riot law enforcement in the U.S. is to control the general public when there's a demonstration, protest or other activity that threatens to become violent or destructive to property. Although they are instructed to use the least amount of force necessary for crowd control, they are authorized to use lethal force if necessary to protect themselves or to maintain the safety of others.
Various law enforcement agencies can be used for this kind of civilian crowd control, including municipal law enforcement and the sheriff's department, depending on the locality of the demonstration. In other circumstances, the National Guard is called in to perform the role of riot law enforcement.
A recent example of the use of riot law enforcement was after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, when the National Guard was called in to control looting and potential violence in New Orleans. Although there weren't any riots, the role of the National Guard was to maintain order in a situation that had a strong possibility of becoming out of control due to the intensity of the natural disaster and the resulting chaos. Also, many of the local law enforcement had been forced to leave town due to the storm, which increased the possibility of the need for riot law enforcement.
In the U.S. the use of riot law enforcement is different than in other countries where brute force is used to squelch any type of political dissent or social unrest. An example of this kind of brute force would be China's Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, where riot law enforcement fired on innocent civilians who were protesting government policies. Although the exact number of people killed in the massacre is unknown due to government secrecy, several hundred are thought to have died. This is an example of riot law enforcement getting out of control.
Although most of the time the use of riot law enforcement in the U.S. remains non-violent, sometimes things get out of hand. An example of this would be the famous Kent State killings in 1970 where National Guard forces fired on non-violent demonstrators at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four students and wounding nine others. After this event, the use of the National Guard as riot law enforcement was used only in the most extreme circumstances where the potential for civilian violence was deemed highly probable.
Officers involved in riot control wear protective gear such as face visors, helmets and body armor. They're also equipped with gas masks to protect against inhaling tear gas and pepper spray if that's used to control the crowd. When necessary, shields are used to protect against thrown objects and gunfire. Oftentimes, riot law enforcement are mounted on horseback to enable them to have better mobility and a higher vantage point from which to view the crowd.
Because riot law enforcement are mandated to keep order while using the least amount of force, they usually carry non-lethal weapons such as batons, electric tasers, tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullet ammunition that can subdue a civilian without causing serious injury or death.


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The Audubon Nature Institute and San Diego Zoo Global were expected to announce Tuesday the development of a breeding program for rare and endangered species on 1,000 acres south of this city, bringing herds of antelope, okapi and Masai giraffe to graze on the banks of the Mississippi River, the New York Times reports.
The breeding site, which will be among the largest in the United States, represents the latest version of a wildlife conservation model based on the finding that certain species mate more successfully when allowed to roam in herds rather than when paired off in captivity, something to which many visitors to Bourbon Street could probably attest. It also brings two of America's most prominent zoological organizations together from opposite sides of the country.
Public access is likely to be somewhat limited, as the facility is intended primarily for breeding and research, and for this reason the species do not have to be, as one scientist put it, the most charismatic kind. But among the more than two dozen species expected in the program, which is slated to begin in 2014, are lions, flamingos, storks and several kinds of antelopes.
Read the story.


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Abbott, I H
This report describes test made in the Variable Density Wind Tunnel of the NACA to determine the possibility of controlling the boundary layer on the upper surface of an airfoil by use of the low pressure existing near the leading edge. The low pressure was used to induce flow through slots in the upper surface of the wing. The tests showed that the angle of attack for maximum lift was increased at the expense of a reduction in the maximum lift coefficient and an increase in the drag coefficient.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:


have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
See also
 1. The 2004 Statistical directory of Congo lists 12 departments, 6 communes, and 85 districts
 2. A list of subprefects (higher representatives of State in a district) nominated in December 2008 lists 86 districts. Search [1]
 3. Finally, the good figures seem to come from this site: 12 departments, 7 communes, and 86 districts
Further reading
External links
 - Congolese Government Portal (French)
 - Presidency of the Republic (French)
 - Chief of State and Cabinet Members
 - BBC News
 - The World Factbook
 - Republic of the Congo from UCB Libraries GovPubs
 - DMOZ
 - Atlas of the Republic of the Congo
 - Universal Periodic Review, May 6, 2009.
 - Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Congo


How To Avoid Negative Marking In Bank
How To Avoid Negative Marking In Bank Exams [Important Tips]
In this article, we shall discuss and provide some tips to minimize and avoid negative marking in bank exams.
Nowadays almost every competitive bank exam has a system of negative marking in bank exams.
Every candidate has a common question that if there is negative marking in the bank exams then how to minimize it or avoid it.
Negative marking deducted the marks you got from the right question which ultimately impacts your selection in the bank exam.
One wrong answer to the question is equal to 0.25 marks and if candidates give 4 wrong answers then a total 1 mark is deducted from your total marks. This negative marks impacts a candidate very much and many time it decided your selection in the bank exam.
Many candidates loose lot of marks due to this negative marking pattern in bank competitive examinations. Candidates study and practice in such a way that they either minimize or avoid negative marking.
Hence, candidates must improve their accuracy so that they can avoid negative marking in bank exams.
Top Tips to Avoid & Minimize Negative Marks in Bank Exams
The followings are important tips to minimize negative marking in the bank exam.
1. Do not answer questions which you are unsure of:
Candidate must quickly answer all those questions which they are fully confident to solve and then try to solve questions which they left due to low confidence.
If candidates solve easy questions speedily and they will have some time to review unanswered questions.
Candidates can chance of negative marking if they leave the questions which they are not sure but leaving too many questions will hamper their chance of cracking bank exams.
Leaving too many questions unanswered will impact more on your overall marks.
2. Do not guess answer randomly
If a candidate does not know the right answer to the question then he/she should not answer with random guesses.
The blindly answering with random guess will impact their final marks. They must answer the question for which they are 100% confident and sure. This way you can minimize negative marking in bank exam.
3. Carefully read questions
Some time due to overconfidence or getting the easy question, they quickly answer and mark it without reading the question carefully. The candidate may mark the wrong answer due to overconfidence and which will result in getting negative marking.
Hence, it is advised to all candidates to read all questions very carefully and then answer.
4. Attempt easy question first
When candidates are preparing for the exam, they must identify their strength area and weak area.
Once you identify your strength area then you must attempt your strength section first so that you finish quickly major area and in the remaining time you give to tough and unanswered questions.
Attempting easy and your strength area question will boost your confidence which will help in solving tough questions.
5. Go through mock tests and previous year's bank exam question papers
Understanding bank exam pattern is a must requirement to get selected for bank exam.
Apart from general exam paper, you must attempt mock-test and previous year paper to understand frequently asked and important sections.
While solving mock paper and previous year paper, you will come to know your weak area and accordingly you can focus on these weak areas. This will help you in minimizing mistakes and can track your performance.
6. Note down important points
Candidate should start making important point note from day one of bank exam preparations. Candidates can make proper notes of important shortcuts and tricks which will help them in memorizing for a long time.
These notes will also help candidates in quick revision just before the examination and minimizing negative marks as you cannot read entire books at the last minute.
7. Refer to an online resource or take the help of a coaching institute.
Apart from reading books at home, you can also take the help of online resources and coaching centers.
The coaching centers have expert teachers who have to help you with learning shortcuts and tricks. The shortcuts and tricks will be helpful in minimizing your negative marking in the bank exam.
8. Calculate the risk of negative marking
As discussed earlier, candidates must attempt the question for which they are sure. If you cross a desired no. of the sure answer then you can try to take the risk for answering left questions.
While solving the unanswered question, if the answer is not available in the given option then you can take risk of answering a very close answer. For this risk, you must have answered adequately no. of right answered.
9. Avoid last-minute answering
If candidates solve answers in the last minutes of the exam then there are chances of the wrong answer.
Candidates must avoid the last-minute answer.
If the answer is not correct then you will get negative marking which will impact overall marks. Last-minute answering always leads to a mistake.
The well-prepared candidate with confidence for the bank exam needs not to worry about negative marking in the bank exam and take unnecessary stress. Despite this, they need to concentrate on their goal with handwork with smart work.
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By and in
| Space on May 16, 2015
We can't always say for sure what you saw in the night sky. But it might have been a flare from an iridium satellite.
Many people ask us about flashes in the night sky. They see one and want to know, what is it? Unless one of us is standing there next to you, we have no way of knowing exactly what you saw. So we can't say for certain. It's possible you saw a flare from an iridium communications satellite. Or you might have seen a satellite or rocket body tumbling as it moves in its orbit around Earth. Follow the links below to learn more.
Flashes from iridium satellites
Other flashes in the night sky
Nature & Man: Iridium Flare, Milky Way, Clouds and Light Pollution by Mike Taylor. Visit Mike Taylor Photography.
Iridium flare by Mike Taylor Photography.
Flashes from iridium satellites. In a dark location, especially just after night has fallen or is about to end, you often see ordinary satellites crossing the night sky, appearing as dim steadily moving "stars." Sometimes one of them will produce a flash! That may happen when an antenna from an iridium satellite reflects sunlight directly down at Earth. When it does, it creates a quickly moving illuminated spot on Earth's surface. The diameter of the spot is about 10 kilometers, or about six miles. If you're standing inside this spot, looking up, you see what appears as a bright flash, or flare in the night sky. The flare lasts a few seconds, then is gone.
Other flashes in the night sky. Other objects that produce flashes in the sky include tumbling objects orbiting our planet. After launching a satellite, most rocket bodies continue to orbit Earth for weeks, months or even years. As they are tumbling, they may be visible as a dim moving "star" that might produce bright flashes as the object reflects more sunlight. This will happen when the reflective areas of the rocket are properly reflecting the sunlight.
Dimmer rocket bodies may confuse observers, because they will remain invisible to the unaided eye while moving across the sky, then erratically "flash" toward those watching below.
A rather interesting sighting is a flash that appears to come from a static point in the sky. How is this possible? Geosynchronous satellites need to be placed in a very high orbit, some 22,200 miles (35,727 km) above Earth's surface. After the launch of this sort of satellite, the rocket body that carried the satellite to orbit will also remain orbiting our planet. Instead of having a circular orbit it will have a highly elliptical orbit (elongated, like a circle someone sat down on). This may produce some peculiar flashes, which might be visible from Earth.
How does it happen? Depending on the location and perspective of the observer, the erratic flashes of the rocket body from a geosynchronous satellite might appear to originate from an apparent static place in the sky. This rare occurrence is possible if the reflecting rocket body is more or less moving towards, or more or less departing, Earth as it pursues its stretched-out (elliptical) orbit. This is the same principle that occurs when a distant airplane appears to be static as it moves towards you.
To the unaided eye, the subsequent flashes may give the impression that they are originating from the same area of the sky. If you are fortunate enough to witness this kind of flash in the sky, grab your binoculars! Magnification may confirm that the object is indeed moving slightly instead of remaining static.
Bottom line: If you see a flash or flare in the night sky, it might be from sunlight glinting off an antenna of an iridium satellite. Or it might be a tumbling rocket body.


text:
| < April >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Nida in April is cool at 4.9 °C (40.82 °F).
- Afternoons can be a little cool with average high temperatures reaching 8.4 °C (47.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally very cool with an average low of 2.3 °C (36.1 °F).
- The variation/ range of diurnal mean temperatures in April is 6.1 °C (11 °F).
- The weather in April is dry. A mere 33mm (1.3in) of fluid falls.
- The shortest day is 13:02 long and the longest day is 15:12 long with an average length of 14:08.
Check the distance to and compare the Nida April averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for April in Nida, Lithuania
Navigate to April Weather in Locations Surrounding Nida:
- Riga, Latvia - 257.4 kms (159.9 miles) NE
- Liepaja, Latvia - 130.4 kms (81.1 miles) N
- Birzai, Lithuania - 255.7 kms (158.9 miles) ENE
- Telsiai, Lithuania - 109.6 kms (68.1 miles) NE
- Siauliai, Lithuania - 162.3 kms (100.9 miles) ENE
- Klaipeda, Lithuania - 48 kms (29.8 miles) N
- Laukuva, Lithuania - 84.9 kms (52.7 miles) ENE
- Raseiniai, Lithuania - 134.7 kms (83.7 miles) E
- Silute, Lithuania - 28.4 kms (17.6 miles) ENE
- Ukmerge, Lithuania - 237.7 kms (147.7 miles) E
- Kaunas, Lithuania - 185.9 kms (115.5 miles) ESE
- Kybartai, Lithuania - 135.6 kms (84.3 miles) ESE
- Varena, Lithuania - 255.7 kms (158.9 miles) ESE
- Suwalki, Poland - 180.3 kms (112.1 miles) SE


text:
The default Internet Explorer options are very restrictive and do not allow web browsing or downloading of files for security purposes. To easiest method is to download another browser, such as Google Chrome, and use that browser to pull content from the internet.
To download Google Chrome, please follow these instructions:
- Launch Internet Explorer
- Click into the Tools > Internet Options menu.
- Select the Security tab.
- Click Trusted Sites, then the Sites button.
- Add the following entry: *.google.com
- Browse to _URL_
- Follow the instructions to download and install Google Chrome
Once Google Chrome has been installed, you can use this browser to access content without restrictions.


text:
basic scale of 1, 2, 4, 5.
All of these multiples can be seen in Table 2b, which also shows the frequencies at different ratios as well as the value to log2(weight) for different nominal weights.
Again there are fractional ratios, this time a third and a sixth as well as a half, with the fractional ratio of a sixth having a frequency of only one. The collection on the grid line at 6.17 are weights at half the unit value.
Here also there are odd ratios. These are the fractional ratios of a third and a sixth and the ratios 2.5, 3, 6, 8, 25, 30, 150, 250. The frequency at ratio of 25, like that at one third, is surprisingly high. In all, there are 70 of these odd ratios out of the total collection of 861 specimens.
Chart 2b is a histogram of the Qedet system. The collection ranges from 0.93 to 1.06 of the normalised values of the weights. The peak frequency occurs at 0.98 of the normalised value.
The Stater system compromises 396 specimens. The unit value of weights ranges from 132.0 grains to 140.3 grains and their average value is 135.3 grains.
Chart 3a is a log plot of these weights. The vertical scale is adjusted so that the value of 7.08 (= log2(135.3)) falls on a grid line.
Table 3 shows the ratios of the Stater weight system. The scale of 1, 2, 5 better describes the system as there are specimens with multiples of tens of this scale up to a ratio of 1000.
While there are 3 specimens at ratio 4, there are none at ratios 40 and 400. Similarly, ratios 3 and 25, with respectable counts, do not have any at higher multiples. All these ratios, along with the sixth, the third and 8 and 150 are odd to the basic ratio of 1, 2, 5. In all, there are 62 of these odd ratios out of the total collection of 396 specimens.
The Stater system of weights is an odd one out of the three systems being analysed in that its basic scale is different from the other two and it is also the most accurate of the three. This can be seen from the histogram, Chart 3b. This shows the distribution ranging from 0.98 to 1.04 of the normalised values. This in spite of a large number of specimens with odd ratios.
The analysis of each weight system is based on Petrie's assignment of ratio to each specimen from which a value of the unit of the system is derived. The histogram or frequency distribution of the weight system is based on the average of the derived values of the unit. The frequencies at each ratio listed in the Table of Ratios are obtained from the weight tables. The Log Charts are based solely on the weight of specimens which Petrie determined using a balance and set of grain weights4 specially manufactured for the purpose.
A set of weights manufactured to a specific value will display a spread about that specific or intended value. The number of specimens at the intended value is the highest and the distribution of the rest is symmetrical about it. The distribution trails away from the peak. The distribution is shaped like a bell and is known as the Normal distribution.
The frequency distribution for the Peyem and the Qedet systems, Charts 1b and 2b, presents a challenge. The peak frequency is not at the centre of the distribution. Frequencies away from the nominal value do not trail off as expected for a Normal distribution. The frequency distribution of the Stater system, however, is much closer to that expected for a Normal distribution.
These histograms are fairly compact, the range of spread of the weights about the nominal values is mostly less than 5%. The Stater system displays the narrowest range, with most of the collection accommodated within 2% of the nominal values.
Histograms can be examined for slightly different values of the unit weight. For the Peyem and Qedet systems, the distribution will roll along, with the frequencies rippling along the top. No unit value can give a distribution with a single peak frequency. But for the Stater system the matters are different. A slightly higher value of the unit weight is found that produces an almost symmetrical distribution with the peak frequency occurring at the nominal value. Chart 3b1 shows the distribution of the Stater system for two different values of the unit weight: at the average value of 135.3 grains in blue, and at 135.8 grains in red.
All the systems examined here include ternary and quinary ratios as well as the usual binary and decimal ratios found in many of the ancient weight systems. The quinary ratio can be explained as an intermediate stage of a decimal scale. The ternary ratio is not so easily explained. Binary submultiples are a standard feature of each weight system. Also, a few ternary submultiples are present in two of the weight systems examined but none of the systems has any quinary submultiple.
Removing the weights of the ternary scale alters the picture. Both total frequency and distribution are affected. However, reassigning weights of the ternary scale to the nearest ratio applicable alters the frequency distribution only.
Examination of the weight systems presented here is based on weights recovered nearly 100 years ago. Addition of newer finds could alter the picture. A larger collection will give a better value of the unit of the weight system. It should also provide a better view of the ratios that existed in different weight systems.
Special thanks are due to Norman J. Street for providing access to certain books without which this paper would not have been possible.
1. Ancient Weights and Measures by Flinders Petrie, Department of Egyptology, University College, London. 1926
2. An Analysis of the Petrie Collection of Weights by A. S. Hemmy in
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 23 No. 1 (June 1937), p 42
3. The Statistical Treatment of Ancient Weights by A. S. Hemmy, in Ancient Egypt, December 1935. Page 86.
4. Ancient Weights and Measures, op cit, p3
© 2012 Chandrakant Doshi


How ultrasound sensing makes Nest displays more accessible
December 4th, 2019
Directions on a Nest Hub
Ultrasound sensing allows your display to show the most important information when you're far away, as your total commute time, and show more detail as you get close to the device.
To develop the right screen designs, the team tested varying text heights, contrast levels, and information density and measured the ease with which people could read what's on the screen. It was refreshing when, regardless of age or a visual impairment, testers would make comments like, "it just feels easier to read." It turned out that designing for people with low vision improved the experience for everyone.
Ultrasound testint
Testing ultrasound sensing during the design process.
Ultrasound waves
What ultrasound sensing "sees" on a smart display.
Ultrasound sensing already works for timers, commute times and weather. And over the coming week, your devices will also begin to show reminders, appointments and alerts when you approach the display. Because this is using low-resolution sensing technology, ultrasound sensing happens entirely on the device and is only able to detect large-scale motion (like a person moving), without being able to identify who the person is.
After we built the ultrasound sensing feature, I tested it with my dad. As soon as I saw him reading his cooking timer on the screen from across the kitchen, I knew we'd made something that would make our devices even more helpful to more people.