Drop Shot Rig Drop Shotting is a popular bass fishing technique but it was actually invented by saltwater fishermen. The technique was introduced to the bass fishing world by pro bass fishermen on the West Coast and it quickly spread. It proved successful in the highly pressured lakes of the West and is considered a "finesse" technique. The idea is to suspend a bait (artificial such as a plastic worm or live or dead bait) off the bottom at a level that will put the bait in front of the fish and/or get the bait up and out of the gunk at the bottom. The weight is dropped vertically to the bottom and the bait is lightly shaken to attract attention. Light line and spinning equipment is preferred.
How to tie a Drop Shot Rig
1. Begin by tying a Palomar Knot with a long tag end. Double 12 to 30 inches of line (depending on how high you want the bait off the bottom) and pass end of loop through eye of hook.
2. Tie a loose overhand knot with the hook hanging from the bottom of the loop formed.
3. While holding the overhand knot between thumb and forefinger, pass end of loop over the hook. Slide loop to above eye of hook.
4. Pull on both standing line and tag end to tighten down the knot onto eye of hook. Now feed tag end back through hook eye from above.
5. Attach a small weight to end of line desired distance from hook and trim tag. Attach bait to hook.
See Animated Drop Shot Rig Below
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There are a few different types of payment terms that are commonly used in procurement contracts. Here is a brief definition of each:
-Net 30: This means that the full amount is due within 30 days of receipt of invoice.
-2% 10 net 30: This means that the full amount is due within 30 days of receipt of invoice, but a 2% discount is given if the invoice is paid within 10 days.
-COD (Cash on Delivery): This means that payment is due at the time of delivery.
-FOB (Free on Board): This means that the buyer pays for shipping costs, but not for any other charges associated with getting the goods to their destination (e.g. import duties).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Goldenrod Gall Flies: Writing a Lab Report in the Form of a Scientific Paper
through its collaboration with the SERC Pedagogic Service.
In this biology lab, students investigate whether goldenrod gall fly larvae collected from restored prairie area are different from larvae collected from a small native prairie 10 km away. They look for biochemical differences in proteins using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Students determine the genotype of each gall fly; students compare the combined class' genotypes for the two groups of gall flies statistically using chi-square analysis. Students read a related scientific paper and discuss it in a subsequent lab session. Students write a full lab report describing their results using standard scientific paper formatting. A detailed description of this format and the writing process is provided.
- Students learn to use the technique of cellulose acetate electrophoresis to separate proteins.
- Students work with real data and analyze the data using statistics. They gain an understanding of how p-values are used in scientific writing.
- Students understand the concepts of gene flow and genetic drift.
- Students learn to read scientific papers and write in this format; this helps them understand how science is communicated.
Context for Use
This laboratory activity is used in labs for an introductory college biology course at a small, liberal arts college. The lab allows students to address a legitimate scientific question by collecting local organisms in the field, looking at biochemical differences, analyzing numerical data with statistics, and synthesizing their results within the context of previously published papers. Lab size is limited by equipment; in our labs, 24 students, working in groups of 3, successfully share 4 gel-loading systems. Data collection can be accomplished in a 3 hour lab period, not including time for collecting material in the field.
The technique of cellulose acetate electrophoresis is extremely flexible, and can be used on any local organism. For more information on this technique, see the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Lab: "Measuring Genetic Variability in Natural Populations by Allozyme Electrophoresis" by James M. Bader.
The associated guide for writing lab reports is a general resource which could be useful in many contexts.
Description and Teaching Materials
Flow of the Lab Project:
- Students collect goldenrod galls one week in lab, which takes approximately 45 minutes (including a 15-minute walk each way to the collection site). They read the file Goldenrod Gall Collection (Microsoft Word 21kB Mar15 06) before the lab.
- The students perform cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis the subsequent week in lab, which takes approximately 2-3 hours. Students read the Lab Manual Chapter (Acrobat (PDF) 6.1MB Mar15 06) before the lab.
- As part of the process of learning to read and write scientific papers, students complete a Library Assignment (Microsoft Word 26kB Mar15 06) requiring them to find a scientific paper and do some cursory analysis of its structure. This assignment is discussed in lab the week following the data collection, so students can see how similar the format is across their lab section. A key for this assignment is available on request from the author.
- The file Sample Results (Excel 38kB Mar15 06) contains example data collected during one term.
- The Data Analysis Worksheet (Acrobat (PDF) 92kB Mar15 06) is given to students along with the compiled data from their lab; students use this to calculate a chi-square statistic.
- Students all read the same scientific paper and discuss it during a lab session. These Discussion Questions (Microsoft Word 40kB Mar15 06) are handed out in lab to guide discussion. A key to these questions is available on request from the author.
- Once data are compiled, students write a draft of the Materials and Methods and Results sections of their lab report, which is turned in for a grade (due one week after data collection). After they receive feedback on these sections, students meet individually with an undergraduate teaching assistant to discuss a draft of their Introduction and Discussion sections (usually 1-2 weeks later). They are given time to revise these drafts, and turn in a full lab report (this is due approximately 5 weeks after data collection). Throughout this process, they use the Lab Report Guide (Acrobat (PDF) 348kB Mar15 06) to help them write a lab report in the format of a scientific paper.
Teaching Notes and Tips
We chose to study goldenrod gall fly larvae because the live organisms can be collected in the field in the fall and winter in Minnesota. The technique is extremely flexible and can be used to compare populations of many organisms. Part of the beauty of the technique is the ability to take students into the field for organism collection, do biochemical analysis of the organisms, and answer evolutionary questions about them.
Cellulose acetate electrophoresis is simple, but the equipment and gels are expensive. One source is Helena Laboratories in Beaumont, Texas; they also have an excellent reference book on cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
One challenge is to convince students to make use of the Lab Report Guide as a resource. The Guide's format is designed to be student-friendly, with short summaries of what belongs in each section followed by lengthier FAQ-style information. Students often realize the benefits of using the Lab Report Guide after they receive grades on their drafts of Materials and Methods and Results sections.
References and Resources
- ABLE lab on Allozyme Electrophoresis
- Genetic Variability and Gene Flow in Metepira Ventura (Araneae, Araneidae). Ramirez and Fandino, Journal of Arachnology 24:1-8, 1996.


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Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), one of APAL's International Partners, is the sole synthetic research organisation related to nuclear energy. It is JAEA's mission to contribute to the welfare and prosperity of society through nuclear science and technology. The main research topic of the research group involved in APAL is about structural integrity assessment on reactor pressure vessel, piping lines and important components. They have been engaged in research and development of the probabilistic fracture mechanics methodology and codes since 1990's and have developed a probabilistic fracture mechanics code for reactor pressure vessel called PASCAL4.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why does this line in a ResourceDictionary not result in a compile-error?
 SomePath
My understanding was that this would result in an instance of ImageSource being created using the default ctor. This would be followed by setting all the specified properties.
However ImageSource is an abstract class - so why doesn't this result in a compile error?
share|improve this question
Great question, look forward to someone answering this. – Blounty Nov 7 '10 at 7:26
I don't know the answer, but my guess is that the resource manager knows the concrete type of each resource. It creates an instance of the resource specified and only if it did not derive from ImageSource would a run-time exception occur. – Tergiver Nov 7 '10 at 7:29
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Try this bit of XAML:
BlogHeader.jpg

It compiles just fine, but when you run it you get a runtime XamlParseException:
Cannot convert the value in attribute 'Source' to object of type 'System.Windows.Media.ImageSource'.
If you try using a simple type instead of Window, for example:
public class SomeType
You will get a compile-time error:
The Element type 'WpfApplication1.SomeClass' does not have an associated TypeConverter to parse the string 'BlogHeader.jpg'
So the answer lies in the TypeConverter provided by ImageSource which is ImageSourceConverter. The magic happens in ImageSourceConverter.ConvertFrom which takes a string, creates an Uri from it, and uses BitmapFrame.Create to create a BitmapFrame which is derived from ImageSource.
Note that I used Window in the first example only to use a type that provides a type converter from a string.
share|improve this answer
TypeConverters are used to convert a string representation of a value to the specific type required by a property. The above explanation accounts for the Image.Source property... My question was about the ImageSource tag - i.e. creating an instance of an abstract class (to be stored as a resource) - how is it able to create an instance of an ImageSource so that it can proceed with setting the specified properties? – Gishu Nov 8 '10 at 8:27
It does explain it. The Image.Source propery is only there to make sure it gets instantiated. It's gets created through ImageSourceConverter.ConvertFrom just as I explained. I'm not making it up, I followed the source trail. – Tergiver Nov 8 '10 at 13:41
Btw, I provided the two examples and their exception/error messages only to show the path that led me to discovering how it worked. I don't think that is clear in the text. – Tergiver Nov 8 '10 at 15:41
_USER_: Tergiver is correct. TypeConverters can be associated with classes and properties, if there is a type converter associated with an abstract class and the parser encounters the type in XAML that type converter will be used to create a concrete instance. – H.B. Jan 29 '12 at 5:44
Your Answer


MONTPELIER (AP) - It's Bennington Battle Day in Vermont.
The celebration marks the anniversary of the Battle of Bennington that was fought in 1777 just over the border in New York when soldiers fighting for the British marched toward Bennington in an attempt to seize weapons stored there.
On Saturday, admission to the eight historic sites owned by the state of Vermont will be free.
A celebration at the Bennington Battle Monument in Bennington will include a living history encampment, Revolutionary War cannons and other activities.
There will also be special events at Mount Independence in Orwell and the Hubbardton Battlefield - the only Vermont location where a Revolutionary War battle was fought.


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The main importance of anti-combined policy (antimonopoly policy) is ideas to prevent industrial concentration or monopolization, to achieve locative efficiency and to promote competition. Even if many economists say that these are the main aims of this policy some of them may argue that anti-combined policies aren't so effective and their goals aren't always achieved.
The main important anti-monopolistic idea is that they produce less output and charge higher prices than firms from competitive market system. In pure competition firms produce output quantity where P=MC. This equation is so important because P represents benefit that society gains from extra unit of output, while MC is the cost that society is ready to pay for that extra unit. When this equation occurs (P=MC) society doesn't gain any higher total benefit by producing one more or one less unit of output. However, a monopolist doesn't maximize profit by equating marginal benefit (not price) with marginal cost. In this case, there is an under allocation of resources to this monopolized products, so that economic well-being of society is less than it would be with greater competition.
It is said that in nineteenth century the market forces in monopolized industries don't provide sufficient control over prices to protect consumers, achieve locative efficiency and get a fair competition. So there were two methods by which a government could control these market forces:
- Regulatory agencies: In the markets where products or producing technology creates a natural monopoly, the government organizes public regulatory agencies that control economic behavior.
- Anti-combined laws: in some kinds of market systems this control took form of anti-combined or anti-monopoly legislation that prevents the growth and development of a monopoly.
Anti-combined legislation depends on corporate size and concentration. That's why it's important to examine all merger types.
There are three basic merger types. Let's examine and describe them carefully bellow:
- A horizontal merger represents a merger between competitors that sell similar products in the market.
- A vertical merger is a merger between some firms at different stages of production process. An example can be a merger between a firm that produces glass and another that produces plastic so that they may create windows that are sound-proof. Another example is that Pepsi, which is a supplier of soft drinks, and Pizza Hut, so that they supply food and drinks for these fast-food firms.
- A conglomerate merger may be defined as any merger that isn't horizontal or vertical; it is a combination of firms in different industries or firms that operate in different geographical areas. This type of merger can extent the line of goods sold or combines some unrelated companies. An example of conglomerate merger is a union between Pizza Hut and some vehicle producing firms.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Although there may be several origins of Yohe, there is no doubt that some with this name are directly related to the Joho line. In the ship's manifest of the Snow Two Sisters arriving Philadelphia in 1738, Johannes Joho's name is also spelled Johe.
I have found various records throughout the years where the same person is spelled Yoho, Yohe, and Yoh. I have also received several letters from families in the Western US who indicated their parents or grandparents changed their name of Yoho to Yohe, because apparently there are more families living in that part of the US with the Yohe spelling. One such letter came from William Yohe in Des Moines Iowa who had traced his line back to Peter Yoho.
There is strong evidence that the perhaps the majority of those with the name Yohe derived it from the Joh spelling. There are several sources that relate the names Yohe and Joh and some that relate Yohe to Yoha. Some accounts of the origin of Yohe follow:.
|Sources of Johe/Yohe Genealogy|
In 1998 I received a copy of a recent family history entitled "The Old Eberbacher Families. The origin of the Swiss Immigrant Conrad Joho to Schinznach in Aargau" by Hermann Eiermann dated 1997. I have partially translated this book (from German) that accounts for the history of Conrad Joho dating from 1395 in Baden Switzerland.
This book contains a few references to the Name Johe and Joh. Some of my translation is as follows:
The investigations of Joho must expand to include similarly written surnames, but it is not clear from where these other names take their origin. The surname Johe is very common in South Hessen. This name however is not found in the documents of the Erbacher's files around 1450. When and from where this name originated is also not recogonized from the oldest church books. The original (church? book?) burned and was recreated again in a way of a so-called inspection by the minister, by citing and indicating the living citizens to approximately 1650.
Three citations of the name Johe and Joh were found in Eiermann's book:
In 1998, I received a letter from Richard Yohe that included historical information from Scott Yohe of Washington D.C.
Our records start in 1668, when members of the Huguenot family named Joe (Joseph) fled religious persecution in France and settled in a Lutheran area (specifically, near Beerfelden, Erbach. The spelling was soon changed to Joh but pronounced Yo-uh. Sometime in the mid-1700s the "e" was put back on the end of the name to make it more like the original. Our ancestor, Michael, Sr., was a young boy when brought to Easton, PA in 1754 by his mother and step-father. It seems that she and his late father were cousins, and her brother, Adam Yohe (the "J" was quickly changed to "Y" and the "e" made long), also settled in Easton. After the revolution, Michael moved west and settled in Monogahela City, south of Pittsburgh. His son, Michael, Jr., got a land grant in Ohio (one of my cousins still has the document) and settled near Canton. Our grandfather, an uncle, and his sons operated (and still do) a hardware business. Our great grandfather, George Washington Yohe was an enterprising character, who, among other things, taught political science at Mt. Union College, named many of the streets in Canton, and owned a lot of real estate, including Hotel Yohe.
With regard to Yohe/Yoho... I have never heard anyone even suggest there was a connection between these two names (Yoho and Yohe). At one time ( 20 years) a grandfather was doing all sorts of research into the family name, tracing it back to wherever... and there wasn't a word about that spelling. "Yoh" was the root name and when it hit the US they added the "e" for so folks could pronounce it...at least that's what I was told.
Chris Stern from British Columbia Canada sent the following e-mail about the name Yoh and Yohe:
We are interested in the 3 names Johann Jacob Joh, Johan Adam Joh, and Johann Michel Joh who were aboard the ship Albany in 1749 listed on your website. All three go back to Jacob Joh ea. 1630 Germany.
I am also corresponding with others doing research on the Yohe line. They all have similar information as to the Yohe name going back to Germany in 1630. From all their correspondence, it seems that Joh was changed to Yohe when the 3 came over. Johann Adam and Johann Jacob were brothers Johan Michael was their cousin.
I can find no Issac Yohe, but the information I have doesn't include any children for Johann Jacob. I have descendants for their sister Anna Maria Barbara which is also the mother of Johan Michael Joh(Yohe) that came on the Albany. They are also related to the Shouse. My genealogy site contains a small page on Yohe, although this page is still under construction.
Chris also included an early partial Family Lineage from Beerfelden Parish Church in Odenwald Germany:
Hans Peter Joh(1691-?) Married Anna Elizabeth Ulrich (_PHONE_);
Hans Georg Joh (1693-?) Married Anna Margareta Ulrich (?-1767)
George Conrad Joh Married Anna Maria Barbara Joh (This is the daughter of the above Hans Peter Joh and Anna Ulrich)
I saw your family page on the Internet. I've been doing research on the YOH, YOHE, JOH family who settled in Schuylkill Co. These Yohs don't seem to fit in with your family but since you mentioned Jacob and William Yoh of Schuylkill Co. I thought I would fill you in on some details.
This Jacob Yoh was born about 1755 and died in Schuylkill Co. in 1829. According to his will his children were Henry, Adam, William, Benjamin, Ester, Peggy, Catherine and Jacob.
William Yoh was born in 1787 and died in 1827. He is buried at Flowery Field Cemetery, near Pottsville, Pa. He married Maria Boyer, the daughter of another early settler in Schuylkill Co. They had a son, James, who died in Jefferson Co. Pa. in 1899 at age 82. Adam Yoh, another son of Jacob, also moved to Jefferson Co. Pa.
Jacob was apparently the son of George (b. abt 1720 and died 1782) and Elizabeth Yoh of Windsor Twp. Berks Co.
There are a lot of Yohs buried in the Mifflinville Cemetery, Mifflin Twp, Columbia Co. Pa. Supposedly they are descendants of Peter Yoh of Berks Co. who may have been a son of George-- and thus a brother of Jacob.
I have some more information about this family, if you are interested. Let me know.
Bea Leemhuis 2631 W. 6th St. Erie, Pa. 16505; _EMAIL_
The following account was found in Joseph H. Zerbey History, Pottsville and Schuylkill County PA. The original article quoted in the account is from the Pottsville Republican Morning Paper, September 1934:
New Castle Township, so named after the famous coal centre of England was formed from Norwegian in 1847. Prior to its organization as a separate township it was a part of Norweigian Township, one of the nine original townships of Schuylkill.
The first settlers in what is now New Castle Township were Jacob Joh, John boyer, and Necho Allen. The Necho Allen Hotel in Pottsville perpetuates the memory of this early Schuylkill County Pioneer. Yoh settled on the turnpike leading west from Wadesville near the present residence of Owen Loftus and which at an earlier date was the home of Evan Evans, early coal operator and the father of Wm. J. Evans, present Prothonotary of Sch. County.
Boyer located about a mile north of Yoh, on the road leading to Mt. Laffee. This dwelling was later occupied by Tobey hire, and was but recently removed due to mining operations.
Necho Allen settled at the Big Spring about one-half mile above the later site of the village of New Castle on the summit of Broad Mountain. His residence was called the "black Cabin".
In one of his hunting expiditions in 1790, Allen camped on Broad Mountain for the night and kindled a fire among some rocks. During the night he wakened to find a mass of glowing fire, having accidently set fire to an outcrop of an anthracite coal-bed.
Later a tavern was erected on the spot along the Centre Turnpike and called the "Second Tavern" to distinguish it from another tavern located in the village of New Castle, and known as the "First Tavern". This latter building was recently removed, its last occupant being Peter McCloskey. These three early settlers took up residence in the township about the year 1800.
William Yoh (Yohe), son of Jacob Yoh and son-in-law of John Boyer, built the first tavern along what became the Centre Turnpike, about 1810. This tavern was burned in 183


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What does Time-Span do?
i-lign's Time-Span feature allows you to plan your Tasks by effort, rather than percentage of time, and then deliver the prescribed effort within a set period, defined by start and end dates.
This means that you can choose, for example, to carry out five days of effort within a thirty day period.
We will assume that you are in a New/Edit Task/Activity screen. In these instructions, we will refer only to to Tasks, but the same applies in the New/Edit Activity screens.
- In the Scheduling Panel, go to the drop-down box beside Calculation Method, and choose Time-span.
- You will see that the field for Planned end date goes live. Enter a date by which the Task needs to be finished. For training purposes, choose a date several weeks away from the start date.
Using Time-span, you can edit both Planned Start and Planned End Dates for the Task. In contrast, Effort-based determines the end date based on the effort and Resources assigned, and Duration-based defines the end date based on the number of days assigned.
- As when you are designing an Effort-based Task, you can assign Action Items to people and click 'Use effort for Task'.
- The Percentage complete and days remaining fields are manually updated in tasks only. Percentage complete does not apply to activities.
Allocating across the Time-Span
You have four options for allocating the time over the time period:
- Distributed evenly across the entire time period.
- Distributed across the beginning of the period.
- Distributed across the middle of the period.
- Distributed across the end of the period.
- In the Allocation Rates, go to the drop-down list beside Allocation approach.
- Click between Even spread, Beginning, Middle, and End. Watch the difference that your choice makes to the Allocation graphs of Resources allocated to your Task.


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Varnish Potential Analysis
Varnish is an insoluble film that coats the internal components of machinery and can devastate production. Varnish deposits are sub-micron in nature and cannot accurately be measured using standard oil analysis tests.
In 2006, TestOil developed a solution to measure and report varnish potential for our customers. Today, our Varnish Potential Analysis is the industry leading solution for varnish risk applications.
What is Lube Oil Varnish?
Varnish is an insoluble film composed primarily of organic residue that coats the internal components of machines lubrication systems. Often comprised of degradation products associated with oxidation or thermal degradation, these soft contaminants are less than 1 micrometer in size.
Causes of Lube Oil Varnish
Oxidation: a chemical reaction of an oil molecule with oxygen to produce carboxylic acids.
Thermal degradation: a chemical change in the base oil molecules under high temperatures. Specific mechanisms of thermal degradation - Micro-dieseling, Electrostatic Spark Discharge and Hot Spots.
Benefits of Varnish Potential Analysis Testing:
- Alerts customers of developing lube oil varnish problems
- Measures oil's propensity to drop out varnish deposits
- Promotes proactive maintenance and contamination control
- Provides turbine users confidence at start up
Damage Done By Lube Oil Varnish
- Reduced clearance zones affecting lubrication regimes. Often, this means a transition from hydrodynamic lubrication to boundary lubrication, which increases wear rates of pumps, bearings and gears.
- Increased friction in components. This friction will result in higher energy requirements and can cause valves to stick or seize.
- Higher operating temperatures. Varnish acts as an insulator, lowering the effect of heat exchangers and lessening the ability of the lubricant to cool. The impact of friction and reduced clearance zones also contribute to higher temperatures.
- Restriction or impedance of oil flow. Varnish can cause valves, strainers and filters to clog.
- Increased wear rates. Varnish captures hard contaminants creating an abrasive surface that will accelerate wear. Varnished surfaces often appear like sandpaper when examined under a microscope.
How TO Outsmart Varnish and Avoid Costly Downtime
In this paper you will learn about the Varnish Potential Analysis test and why it is a necessary tool for any lube system that is prone to varnish. By monitoring the contaminants responsible for varnish, reliability managers and maintenance planners can implement appropriate corrective actions before costly damage occurs and unnecessary downtime is experienced.


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Onion and Corn Rotations May Require Less Nitrogen
Many growers in Colorado's Arkansas River Valley who rotate onions with corn could increase profits and also protect groundwater by applying less nitrogen (N) fertilizer on corn. That's the conclusion of a study conducted by Ardell Halvorson, Mike Bartolo and others. Halvorson works for the USDA–Agricultural Research Service's Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit in Fort Collins, Colo., and Bartolo is with Colorado State University.
The scientists launched their study in 1998 because high nitrate levels were showing up in the region's groundwater. "We found that onions used only 12% to 15% of the 200 lb. of nitrogen applied to the crop," Halvorson says. "Much of the rest stayed in the soil."
The following year, the researchers grew 239-bu.-per-acre corn without applying any N fertilizer. The corn crop utilized about 24% of the N applied to the onions the previous year. "It required four consecutive corn crops to get the soil nitrogen level back to what would be considered normal," Halvorson says.
Because the area receives only 10" or so of annual rainfall, excess N is not leached out of the soil as rapidly as it would be in higher-rainfall areas, Halvorson notes. But eventually irrigation water carries it into groundwater.
Continuing the study through 2008 confirmed that shallow-rooted onion crops consistently leave large amounts of N in the soil, which can be "scavenged" by corn.
"Guidelines from universities suggest you need to apply 100 lb. to 235 lb. of nitrogen per acre to grow 240-bu. corn," Halvorson says. "Following vegetables, you may not need as much. The secret is to take soil nitrate tests before planting corn and adjust the rate of nitrogen fertilizer based on nitrate in the upper 3' of the soil."
The study also revealed farmers could apply much less N fertilizer on onions if they switched from furrow irrigation (the most common method) to drip irrigation.
"Using drip irrigation, we maximized onion yield with 80 lb. per acre of applied nitrogen," Halvorson says.
"Under furrow irrigation, it required 200 lb. per acre."
- Early Spring 2009


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Polish second most spoken language
Polish is the second most common main language in England and Wales with more than half a million speakers, according to new figures from the 2011 Census.
Nearly one in 10 people in England and Wales - 8% - reported speaking a different main language to English or Welsh in the census, findings from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) have shown.
Polish was the second most commonly reported main language with 546,000 speakers, reflecting more than half a million Poles who migrated to England and Wales during the last decade.
Redcar and Cleveland local authority had the highest percentage of people with English as their main language at 99% of the population, with Ealing listing the highest proportion of Polish speakers at 6% of the population.
In all but three of the London boroughs - the City of London, Richmond Upon Thames, and Hillingdon - more than 100 languages were listed as main languages.
Of the four million residents of England and Wales who spoke a main language other than English, 1.7 million said they could speak English very well, 726,000 could speak English but not well and 138,000 could not speak English at all.
The least common main language in England and Wales was listed as Manx-Gaelic with 33 speakers, followed by 58 Gaelic Scottish speakers.
London had the highest proportion, at 22%, of people who reported that English was not their main language, with the North East reporting the lowest percentage in this category, at 3%. The figures also showed that not all languages were spoken - with 22,000 people using sign language.
The census also appeared to confirm a boom in cycling in London, with 161,700 people, or 2.6%, using bicycles to get to work in the capital. This compared with 77,000 a decade ago, the ONS said, but these figures were not strictly comparable as the 2001 figures did not include those who said they worked from home.
Cambridge remained the local authority with the highest proportion who cycle to work, at 18%, or 17,755 people. In spite of the surge in cycling, the majority of 16 to 74-year-olds in England and Wales said they drove a car or van to work, at 58% or 15 million.


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The Life Zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities. Merriam observed that the changes in these communities with an increase in latitude at a constant elevation are similar to the changes seen with an increase in elevation at a constant latitude.
The life zones Merriam identified are most applicable to western North America, being developed on the San Francisco Peaks, Arizona and Cascade Range of the northwestern USA. He tried to develop a system that is applicable across the North American continent, but that system is rarely referred to.
The life zones that Merriam identified, along with characteristic plants, are as follows:
- Lower Sonoran (low, hot desert): Creosotebush, Joshua Tree
- Upper Sonoran (desert steppe or chaparral): Sagebrush, Scrub Oak, Colorado Pinyon, Utah Juniper
- Transition (open woodlands): Ponderosa Pine
- Canadian (fir forest): Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Quaking Aspen
- Hudsonian (spruce forest): Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine
- Arctic-Alpine (alpine meadows or tundra): Lichen, Grass
The Canadian and Hudsonian life zones are commonly combined into a Boreal life zone.
This system has been criticized as being too imprecise. For example, the scrub oak chaparral in Arizona shares relatively few plant and animal species with the Great Basin sagebrush desert, yet both are classified as Upper Sonoran. However it is still sometimes referred to by biologists (and anthropologists) working in the western United States. Much more detailed and empirically based classifications of vegetation and life zones now exist for most areas of the world.
In 1947, Leslie Holdridge published a life zone classification using indicators of:
- mean annual biotemperature (logarithmic)
- annual precipitation (logarithmic)
- ratio of annual potential evapotranspiration to mean total annual precipitation.
Biotemperature refers to all temperatures above freezing, with all temperatures below freezing adjusted to 0°C, as plants are dormant at these temperatures. Holdridge's system uses biotemperature first, rather than the temperate latitude bias of Merriam's life zones, and does not primarily use elevation. The system is considered more appropriate to the complexities of tropical vegetation than Merriam's system.
See also
- Holdridge's Life Zones, Radford University, Geology class notes.


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Question – Describe the causes for the tribal movements occurred during the British period. – 2 August 2021
Tribal movements were carried out on local issues, by local leadership and common people. These movements were mainly violent. These movements were sometimes against the British and sometimes against non-British such as money lenders, forest contractors etc.
Causes of tribal movements
- Forest laws: SuchForest laws were enacted by the British government that prevented tribals from living in protected areas. These forest laws also prohibited the use of products derived from forests. The British government established a forest department in 1864 to control the rich resources of Indian forests. The Government Forest Act, 1865 and the Indian Forest Act, 1868 established complete government monopoly on forest land.
- Land revenue system: The British government introducedstringent land revenue system. In addition to this, the traditions of joint ownership of land of tribals was deeply affected by extension of agriculture in the tribal areas or forest area by non-tribals and increased socio-economic discrimination in the egalitarian structure of tribal society.
- Exploitation: Beggar forced on the tribals by the forest contractors and external people and encroachment in tribal lands.
- Religious reform: Forced religious reform and conversion of tribal communities. The activities of Christian missionaries brought changes in the socio-economic and cultural equations of the tribals, they discouraging people to take up arms against the government. For this reason missionaries were seen as an extension of colonialism.
The area of influence of most tribal movements was limited, but these movements laid the foundation of future national movements.


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Your current location:首页 > News > Common problems > The cause of scale explosion in the electric heating reactor
The cause of scale explosion in the electric heating reactor
The cause of scale explosion in the electric heating reactoris mainly caused by the absorption, diffusion, accumulation and overflow of hydrogen in the steel plate. The corrosion part of the electric heating reactor is in the overheating zone of the heat-affected zone. The initial width is only 3~5 grains, and it can gradually expand to 1.0~1.5mm. Corrosion has been deep into the metal, so the shape resembles a knife edge, so the name knife-like corrosion generally occurs when it is heated again in the sensitization temperature range after welding, that is, under the continuous action of high temperature overheating and medium temperature sensitization, the cause is also precipitated with 236CrC The chromium-depleted layer formed later is related. For stainless steel containing stabilizers, in order to play the role of stabilizers, the temperature of solution treatment is generally higher than the dissolution temperature of 236CrC and lower than the dissolution temperature of stabilizer carbide.
1. Water heating: It can be used when the temperature is not high. The heating system is divided into two types: open type and closed type. The open type is simple. It consists of a circulating pump, a water tank, a pipeline and a regulator that controls the valve. When high-pressure water is used, the equipment requires high mechanical strength, and the outer surface of the reactor is welded with a coiled tube. There is a gap between the coiled tube and the wall of the reactor, which causes a reaction. The thermal resistance of the kettle increases and the heat transfer effect decreases.
2. Hot steam heating: When the heating temperature of the reactor is below 100℃, it can be heated with steam below one atmospheric pressure; saturated steam is used within the range of 100~180℃; when the temperature of the far-infrared heating reactor is higher, high-pressure superheating can be used steam.


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Shipping address plays a major role in business as it sends products and services to a specific location of a client or customer. However, there can be instances when you have to edit or change the Ship To address for a particular customer in QuickBooks. If you want to know the same, learn with us how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks. Along with this, we will teach you to edit or change the default Ship To address in QuickBooks. So, let's get straight to the guide.
How to Edit Ship To Address in QuickBooks?
There can be different reasons for which you may need to change the Ship To address However, now everyone is aware of the right procedure. If you want to learn how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks, we will teach you.
To change the shipping address on a purchase order, all you have to do is open the Vendor menu, select the Create Purchase Order, look for the Ship To option, and pick your customer whom you wish to edit the shipping address.
You can pursue these instructions to edit the Ship To address on a purchase order in QuickBooks Desktop:
- First of all, open the "QuickBooks" program on your computer.
- Then, go through the "Vendor" menu.
- After this, you have to click the "Create Purchase Order" menu.
- Here, you can find the "Ship To" or "Drop Ship To" fields. Make sure you locate them in the "Purchase Order" category.
- Once you found the shipping address, you can choose the relevant customer by clicking on the drop-down menu. Make sure you pick the customer to whom you are changing this address.
- After you pick your customer, move to the "Ship To" field and add the updated address.
After saving the new address in the Ship To field, you can close the tabs. Thereafter, you will be using the updated address and the orders will be shipped to that address only as long as you are not changing it.
How to Change Default Ship To Address in QuickBooks?
A lot of users prefer to add multiple addresses to one account. However, one of the addresses is usually being used the most. If it is required then you can set that address as the default one so that you don't need to choose an address every time you send the product.
If you wish to change the default Ship To address, you have to navigate through the Lists menu. Thereafter, you can open the purchase order template. This can be found in the Templates section. After this, look for the Transaction and Company Information tab. Here, you are required to update the address in the Ship To Address section.
One has to ensure that the details you are entering are correct; the Ship To address should match your Company Information.
Now, in order to change the default Ship To address, you can follow these steps:
- Launch the "QuickBooks" program on your computer.
- Move to the "Lists" menu.
- Then, go to the "Templates" tab.
- Now, you can start looking for the "Purchase Order" template.
- After you spot the purchase order template, double click on it.
- Now, switch to the "Company and Transaction Information" tab.
- Here, select the "Update Information" option.
- At this point, you can choose the "Ship To Address" option. You can find it on the right side of the screen.
- After this, you can check if the "Ship To Address" detail is the same as your "Company Information". If required then update the information.
- Once done, press the "OK" button to update the details.
As you follow these aforementioned steps, the default shipping address will be changed successfully. Now, you can continue using the updated address as your default address.
A shipping address is basically a location to where one sends the product or would like to get their order shipped. If you ever wish to change the address, you can do that easily. In this guide, we have shared easy steps for how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks. We also learned to change the default Ship To address in QuickBooks. Hope you find this blog useful.


text: **Please note that Combined Honours degrees at Liverpool Hope University are split 50/50. This means both subjects will be studied equally.** **Art & Design History** Art and Design History is an exciting discipline that encompasses the study of visual artefacts, museum and gallery practices and the production and circulation of meaning around art and design. The Art and Design History combined honours degree **provides a systematic understanding of art and design practices** and theories with a strong emphasis on critical thinking. Exclusive partnerships with National Museums Liverpool and Tate Liverpool, plus close collaborations with FACT and Bluecoat Gallery and Display Centre, offer you **privileged access to important collections in Liverpool** and experts working in the field. There is also the possibility to participate in overseas study tours – in recent years the department has visited Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bilbao, Milan, Paris, Florence, Venice, Berlin and New York. Another distinctive element of this degree is the curriculum, which covers key developments in art and design history. Furthermore, students in the second and third year will take **'Professional Practice for Art and Design History'.** These courses look at theoretical approaches to museology, as well as more practical considerations such as conservation, exhibition planning and design, curatorial practices and educational activities. **Film & Visual Culture** Film and Visual Culture is an intellectually stretching, stimulating and challenging degree that probes social issues and confronts inequalities and prejudices such as race, class, and gender through their representation in national and international films throughout history. Critical practice on the degree enables you to **study the history, theory and contemporary subject of film**, whilst having the opportunity to apply this understanding to creative practice in the fields of **screenwriting, filmmaking (drama and documentary), photography and animation.** You will graduate with a degree underpinned by academic rigour, but with the transferable skills needed if you intend to work in the creative industries. The degree is **taught by leading international scholars and practitioners** and are supported by outstanding library resources and practical equipment. Extra curricula activities support the curriculum whilst widening critical and creative horizons. These include fieldtrips to the national Museum of the Moving image, and a London fieldtrip, which in recent years included a visit to the Media Department at the Ministry of Defence, and photographic exhibitions at Tate Britain.


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Trzebienie / woj. wielkopolskie / Poland
The post mill is the earliest type of European windmill. The defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single vertical post, around which it can be turned to bring the sails into the wind. The earliest post mills in England are thought to have been built in the 12th century. The earliest working post mill in England still used today is to be found at Outwood in Surrey. It was built in 1665. The earliest remaining example of a non-operational mill can be found in Great Gransden in Cambridgeshire, built in 1612. Their design and usage peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries and then declined after the introduction of high-speed steam-driven milling machinery. Many still exist today, primarily to be found in Northern Europe and Great Britain. The term peg mill or peg and post mill (in which the "post" was the tailpole used to turn the mill into the wind) was used in north west England, and stob mill in north east England, to describe mills of this type.
Copyright © 2015 GregKmk


Should I fast if I don't have a cycle?
Should you fast if you don't have a cycle? The short answer is yes! In fact, fasting may be the healing tool that energizes your cycle. Fasting has the ability to bring the body into homeostasis and balance, allowing to naturally regulate sex hormones, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The key is understanding how to use fasting to help your cycle. Women can lose their cycle for a variety of reasons. Women may be on birth control, have had a hysterectomy, are in the perimenopausal, menopausal or postmenopausal stage of life, or have a condition such as PCOS. However, many women aren't sure why they don't have a cycle. In these cases, I recommend doing a Dutch Hormone Test. The


Head Trader
Head Trader,
Head Trader:
 - A leader is the manager of a commercial company who is responsible for the company's position, risk, and ultimately profit. In registered investment firms, the senior manager oversees all dealers and other employees in his area of responsibility and can work on his own. In particular, senior managers are responsible for ensuring that all employees are part of the business transaction (ie, not just for vendors). A leader can also be called a company leader.
 - The lead manager can report to the investment director or portfolio manager and can play a key role in processing and processing business individual applications.
 - In terms of market and architectural / business environment, a leader must be one of the most capable people in a company.
Literal Meanings of Head Trader
Meanings of Head:
 1. The upper part of the human body, or the anterior or upper part of the animal body, is usually separated from the rest of the body by the neck and includes the brain, mouth, and sensory organs.
 2. Anything that looks like a head, in shape or in relation to the whole.
 3. Front, front or top or the end of something.
 4. Someone responsible for someone, director or leader.
 5. The person who is seen as a digital entity.
 6. A component of an audio, video, or information system that transmits information from an electrical signal to a recording medium or vice versa.
 7. Water bodies are maintained at a certain height to provide adequate pressure.
 8. Toilet or bathroom in a vase or vase.
 9. The word that governs all the other words in the sentence used has the same grammatical function as the whole sentence.
 10. Reservoirs of shallow rocks formed by repeated freezing and melting on the edges of the ice sheet, then move downwards.
 11. CEO.
 12. Stay in the first position.
Sentences of Head
 1. Head of the Dutch Catholic Church
 2. They pay fifty dollars a head
 3. This thin data storage device has recording discs and recording heads on either side of the disc.
 4. The depth of water in the well is 8 meters
 5. Clear head
 6. In many grammatical theories, the title of a sentence is defined as a component that defines the syntax category of the sentence.
 7. Large-scale climate change or changes in terrestrial tectonics bring about changes in the accumulation and retention of upper spectators (fan heads) relative to key players.
 8. Hotel manager
 9. The Palm Sunday procession is led by Crusaders
Synonyms of Head
skull, cranium, crown, front, beginning, start, fore, forefront, top, leading position, foremost position, leader, chief, boss, controller, master, supervisor, governor, superintendent, foreman, forewoman, headman, lavatory, bathroom, facilities, urinal, privy, latrine, outhouse, principal
Meanings of Trader:
 1. A person who buys and sells property, currency or shares.
Sentences of Trader
 1. Dishonest traders selling fireworks to children are in danger of deteriorating.
Synonyms of Trader
dealer, merchant, buyer, seller, salesman, saleswoman, buyer and seller, marketeer, merchandiser, broker, agent


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International Journal of Computer Applications
Image analysis is an interesting research area in both graphics and in computer architecture. In this paper, the authors have done detailed analysis on image for designing an efficient way of storing and comparing images within a device. Especially, when the device is an embedded system it needs much care in processing information stored in that device. The important factors that must be considered for any given application include performance, reliability and cost. Any computer that handles large amount of graphical information, involving pictorial images and animation, must have good real time performance.


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Info for this post is from the Smithsonsian article by Jess Blumberg
Dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World," the room that once symbolized peace was stolen by Nazis then disappeared for good.
While many Americans associate amber with the casing for dinosaur DNA in 1993's Jurassic Park, the stone has enthralled Europeans, and especially Russians, for centuries because of the golden, jewel-encrusted Amber Room, which was made of several tons of the gemstone. A gift to Peter the Great in 1716 celebrating peace between Russia and Prussia, the room's fate became anything but peaceful: Nazis looted it during World War II, and in the final months of the war, the amber panels, which had been packed away in crates, disappeared. A replica was completed in 2003, but the contents of the original, dubbed "the Eighth Wonder of the World," have remained missing for decades.
Interested in the whole story? _URL_


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DEP MOVES TO SUPPRESS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE;
INVASIVE PEST THREATENING PINELANDS FORESTS
(11/P56) TRENTON - State foresters this week are beginning suppression activities to address infestations of the southern pine beetle, which destroyed a record number of acres of South Jersey pine forests last year, Department of Environmental Protection Commissioner Bob Martin announced today.
"The invasive southern pine beetle is a major threat to our unique Pinelands region," said Commissioner Martin. "We need residents and private owners of forest lands to help us look out for this pest and report any infestations. With early detection, foresters and tree experts can help greatly limit the damage."
DEP will begin control activities on State lands this week through the directional felling of infested trees. This involves cutting trees, dropping them in the direction of the infestation outbreak's origin, and leaving them on the ground. The horizontal position of the trees disorients the larvae and beetles, which prevents them from spreading to new trees and infesting them.
Foresters also will leave up a portion of standing dead trees that no longer house the beetle to provide habitat for checkered beetles and woodpeckers, two southern pine beetle predators.
"Southern pine beetle control will begin in Wharton State Forest, by far the largest state forest in New Jersey," said State Forester Lynn Fleming. "Then with weekly monitoring, foresters will continue to identify areas in need of suppression and consider the best treatment options."
The DEP will work in coordination with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission on this infestation suppression effort, said Fleming.
The DEP is in the process of conducting scientific surveys using special traps to gauge just how bad the infestation will be this year. While results are not in yet, Fleming said state foresters are already observing damage from infestation, leading to concerns that this year's infestation will be as bad as or even worse than last year's.
The southern pine beetle has been a problem for many years in states in the Southeastern United States, and was first detected in New Jersey in 2001. It tends to prefer warmer climates. Very cold winters tend to keep numbers lower.
Last summer's record high temperatures coupled with drought put stress on the trees and advanced beetle outbreaks. To determine the extent of the infestations, foresters surveyed the entire southern region using a combination of traps, on-site observations and aerial surveys.
The survey estimated that southern pine beetle (also known as Dendroctonus frontalis) affected a record 14,100 acres in 2010. Since 2001, the beetle has affected 26,000 acres of southern New Jersey pine forests, or about 6 percent of the total pine component.
State lands affected include Wharton State Forest, Belleplain State Forest, Parvin State Park, Peaslee Fish and Wildlife Management Area, Millville Wildlife Management Area, Tuckahoe Wildlife Management Area, and Union Lake Wildlife Management Area.
Foresters have identified infested pine stands in Atlantic, Cape May, and Cumberland counties, which also have been affected in past years. However, this year's outbreak has spread as far north as upper Ocean County, which was previously unaffected, and could potentially reach forests in nine counties.
Southern pine beetle adults bore into a tree's bark, and lay eggs within S-shaped galleries they create. As the beetles create their egg galleries, they chew up the cambial layer of the tree, which cuts off the tree's supply of water and nutrients. The eggs hatch into larvae which also feed on the cambial layer.
An infested tree's needles will rapidly turn from green to yellow to brown, in as little as two weeks following initial attack. Newly attacked trees also may have soft, popcorn-sized, yellow-white sap pitch tubes found on the tree trunk. The southern pine beetle prefers pitch pine, but will attack most pine species. The pitch pine is the predominant species in the New Jersey Pinelands.
The beetles can over-winter in any life stage: egg, larval, pupal, or adult, and produce three to seven generations a year. In New Jersey, the northern-most range of southern pine beetle, beetles usually overwinter in the pupal stage and produce around two generations per year.
Once adult beetles exit a host tree they fly, sometimes several miles, to a new tree. The beetles can have several broods over the course of a year.
Planned forest management can reduce the risk from infestations, but once the southern pine beetle attacks, foresters must remove the affected trees before the infestation spreads.
Fleming stressed the importance of private land owners taking action to identify and take steps similar to those being done on state lands to prevent the spread of the beetles.
"We need everyone's help in trying to keep this pest under control as much as possible," Fleming said.
Landowners enrolled in the New Jersey Forest Stewardship Program or the Farmland Assessment Program should contact a state forester or their consulting forester to learn about possible control assistance opportunities. Landowners not enrolled in these programs that have five acres or more of woodland can contact the New Jersey Forest Service or a consulting forester to enroll.
To learn more about the southern pine beetle, get the latest updates, and find scheduled southern pine beetle information sessions by the New Jersey Forest Service visit: _URL_
For more information or to report a possible sighting of the beetle contact the Forest Service: Trenton Office at _PHONE_, Southern Regional Office at _PHONE_, Central Regional Office at _PHONE_, Northern Regional Office at _PHONE_, or your local consulting forester or a certified tree expert.


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Pasteurization of products with low water activity
Destruction of micro-organisms in dry products with low water activities is a lot harder than in liquid media. Several reasons are postulated by scientists. The most relevant are:
- When only a small amount of water is available (low water activity), vibration of water molecules is limited. Therefore only a small amount of proteins are destroyed (denaturated) when heated.
- Micro-organisms in dry products have adapted themselves to stresses such as thermal, hydric and ionic, applied during the pasteurization treatment. This means they are more resistent and harder to destroy.
For the pasteurization of dry products this means that pasteurizing with dry air (or oil) requires a longer time rate than for wet products.
An example of the increased heat resistance of Salmonella in low water activity environments is shown in research from Chiewchan et al. from 2007:
Influence of water activity of tryptic soy broth on inactivation of S. krefeld at 60°C.
How to pasteurize dry products
One of the more conventional approaches is to wet products with a direct application of steam, pasteurize, and then dry it. This approach, adequate for a number of products doesn't work for processors who require a fresh, raw, original product.
This is why Log5 developed a system that lets you fully control the atmosphere, moisture and temperature of the pasteurizing environment. By regulating the atmosphere, the amount of water absorbed by the product is controlled, ensuring the quality of your end product and pasteurizing treatment are optimized.
Basics of Aw controlled pasteurization
The most important factors in keeping the quality of your treated product at its highest level:
Keeping the moisture content during processing at a defined level, prevents overheating and condensation of moisture on a cold surface. By preheating the product with a dryer air we are able to treat products which are sensitive to quality changes due to moisture uptake, and still achieve 5 Log kill rates.


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These terms have become common in Lie theory and related algebraic geometry and combinatorics, as seen in many questions posted on MO, but it's unclear to me where they first came into use. Probably the concrete notion of (complete) flag of subspaces $0 \subset V_1 \subset \dots \subset V_n =V$ with $\dim V_k = k$ in an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$ occurs very early in the literature (Grassmann?), though I'm not sure whether a specific national flag (drapeau, Flagge,... ) is supposed to come to mind. Those wanting to visualize the simplest case may find the picture here useful (or not).
At some point in the development of Lie groups and their homogeneous spaces, the notion of flag manifold got attached to the set of all complete flags in $\mathbb{C}^n$ or $\mathbb{R}^n$: this is realized as the quotient of the corresponding general linear group $G$ by the isotropy subgroup $B$ of a standard flag (say the group of upper triangular nonsingular matrices). In the 1950s such connected maximal solvable subgroups became known as Borel subgroups, while the notion of flag manifold came to mean the quotient $G/B$ for an arbitrary connected reductive Lie group $G$ and a Borel subgroup $B$. In the setting of real compact Lie groups, the analogue takes the form $G/T$ for a maximal torus 'T$: this is apparently the earliest version of the flag manifold.
The work of Borel and Chevalley led to parallel developments for reductive algebraic groups over fields of arbitrary characteristic, with algebraic geometry replacing differential geometry and the term flag variety becoming common.
While the people I've mentioned certainly deserve most of the credit for recognizing the essential role of flag manifolds or varieties in the study of geometry and representation theory associated to reductive groups, I'm still left with some uncertainty:
What are the earliest sources in the literature for these terms?
ADDED: The original reason for using the word "flag" in this context is a minor though interesting part of my question; but as the comments here indicate there is some variation in the folklore. In old literature on traditional projective geometry a "flag" is sometimes defined as a pair consisting of a point and a line through it, but that doesn't help much with the etymology. Is there more than folklore?
Following the answer by Charles, I've looked further at the thesis of Ehresmann and the May 1951 Bourbaki talk by Borel (which like other expository talks is not included in his collected papers). I see more clearly how the notion of flag variety or flag manifold evolved from the older and still somewhat mysterious use of the term flag (Flagge, Fahne,...) in projective geometry, for instance to refer to an incident point-line pair. Near the end of Borel's talk he notes: Cela permet en particulier de montrer que les "varietes de drapeaux" complexes considerees par EHRESMANN dans sa these sont sans torsion.... His use of quotation marks suggests to me that this might actually be the first time that label was applied to what later became known as the flag variety $G/B$ of a reductive Lie or algebraic group. (I wish I had thought to ask him at the right time.)
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During a Lie theory class, the professor (Siddhartha Sahi, I believe?) identified Israel Gelfand as the person who coined the term 'flag'. This could have been Rutgers-based favoritism, though. – Greg Muller Mar 13 '11 at 15:15
The points of the flag variety are supposed to actually look like flags. A flag that you see in front of a high school (see typically has a roughly 0-dimensional ball at the top, with a roughly 1-dimensional pole coming out of it and sticking into the ground, with a roughly 2-dimensional cloth sharing a dimension with the pole, with a roughly 3-dimensional space surrounding the cloth, all in a roughly 4-dimensional space-time. – Anton Geraschenko Mar 13 '11 at 17:15
The earliest mention of "flag" in this sense in JSTOR seems to be a 1957 paper by Kuranishi in the American Journal of Mathematics, on Cartan's prolongation theorem for exterior differential systems. This is clearly not the earliest, though. – José Figueroa-O'Farrill Mar 13 '11 at 17:32
_USER_, that is an interesting way of seeing it. For me it was always obvious why flags are called flags, but my visualization is completely different :) – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Mar 13 '11 at 19:36
_USER_: What is your visualization? I always assumed the one I posted is what everybody else had in mind. – Anton Geraschenko Mar 13 '11 at 20:08
4 Answers 4
up vote 18 down vote accepted
Armand Borel's Bourbaki Seminar 121 Groupes algébriques is from 1955, and uses "drapeau" (page 7). (It's online at This may not be the earliest occurrence, but there is a good reason for attention to the full flag variety in this context (the theory of Borel subgroups).
The concept traces back some way, to Ehresmann's thesis in the 1930s; Kolchin's work (the Lie-Kolchin theorem) uses the non-intrinsic language of upper triangular form. Hodge & Pedoe talks about Schubert spaces in general, which would be natural in the enumerative geometry tradition, for which full flags is just one of the cases.
Edit: A further data point is Chern's paper On the Characteristic Classes of Complex Sphere Bundles and Algebraic Varieties (1953), which relies on Ehresmann's work to some extent. The word "flag" is absent (though used by Chern discussing it in his Selected Papers).
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Thanks for going back farther into the literature. The long 1934 Annals of Mathematics paper by Ehresmann based on his thesis work (influenced by E. Cartan and Lefschetz) essentially studies flag manifolds as homogeneous spaces, even without using the term "drapeau". The word seems to have become common by the time of Borel's Bourbaki seminar, but I haven't been able to track it down earlier in his own work. French origins seem most likely. – Jim Humphreys Mar 16 '11 at 13:49
P.S. I went back to Borel's first Bourbaki talk (no. 45) in 1951, Cohomologie des espaces homogenes, for an even earlier use of "drapeau". – Jim Humphreys Mar 17 '11 at 18:10
_USER_, I always asked myself the same question. You say that the "notion of flag variety or flag manifold evolved from the older and still somewhat mysterious use of the term flag in projective geometry, for instance to refer to an incident point-line pair." Once I saw a drawing in an expository article that solved that mistery for me: picture a point in the projective plane as the corresponding line in space, and a projective line as the corresponding plane in space, then an incident point-line becomes a line waving a plane in space, like a flag :)
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One way to visualize the meaning of the word, "flag" is to think of those pennant-like tapering flags (cloth part only), starting at 0 width, to higher intermediary widths, to width n. Somewhat like various dimensions comprising a mathematical flag. Maybe the french word means this particular type of flag.
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Looking at the Wikipedia page of "drapeau" one sees some images; I am not sure this corresponds to what you mean. – quid Jan 20 at 11:50
Interesting that you came up with the same idea as my comment a day before your post. The idea must be in the air, I suppose. – Tom Copeland Jan 22 at 6:09
View the Wiki article on pennant and note flags for naval ships. See etymology of pennant from perhaps pennon – Tom Copeland Jan 22 at 6:17
Regarding visualization, I see it as those flags which are all sewed together and become a very long line when we want and take them out to the wind.
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Your Answer


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During the the 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), 9-14 July 2017 in Toulouse, France, Martin Dahl presented our work titled 'Sequence Planner: Supporting Integrated Virtual Preparation and Commissioning'.
Abstract – It is essential to understand the operation sequences of a production system when designing or changing it. This paper will demonstrate how the software tool Sequence Planner (SP) not only supports this understanding by sequence visualization, but also improves the solution using optimization and verification. SP is a tool for modeling and analyzing automation systems. The tool has been developed since 2007 with an initial focus on supporting engineers when developing control code for programmable logical controllers. Today, SP is a micro-service architecture, usable in various areas like runtime control, online monitoring, energy optimization, and even emergency department patient planning. This paper presents a use case at an automotive company, where the operation sequences in a large number of automated robot stations, need to be modified. SP, together with virtual commissioning tools, automates this modification by identifying, optimizing, verifying and simulating operation sequences, and then updates the robot and control programs. This use case demonstrates the strength of SP and its architecture and how it is used for integrated virtual preparation and commissioning.


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Definition of family :
1. A group of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a family of languages; a family of States; the chlorine family.
2. A group of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of likeness. In zoology a family is less comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an order.
3. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.
4. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of family.
5. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.
6. The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of society.
7. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; as, the human family; the family of Abraham; the father of a family.
common people, seed, descent, mob, family unit, domicile, planetary house, division, tier, blood relation, kin group, folk music, star sign, stratum, dependent, the Brady Bunch, birth, family line, mansion, business firm, harem, companionship, kinsfolk, colony, ancestry, homely, syndicate, gang, home plate, pool, clansman, alliance, league, habitation, folks, black sheep, pack, fellowship, extraction, direct, generic, firm, eldest, socio-economic class, company, clanswoman, tribe, rabble, house, nursing home, rout, course of study, rest home, base, abode, rubric, place, kindred, ethnic music, dwelling house, subspecies, genealogy, parentage, ring, coterie, course of instruction, sign, dwelling, elder, home base, sept, bloodline, phratry, theatre, affinity, social class, kinship group, illegitimacy, close, theater, distant, crime syndicate, sign of the zodiac, consortium, the elder, kinsperson, filial, course, precede, pedigree, bracket, menage, relationship, year, illegitimate, legitimate, charge, origin, plate, commune
domestic (part of speech: adjective)
kindred (part of speech: adjective)
category (part of speech: noun)
kingdom, rank, step, persuasion, category, stamp, people, feather, breed, genotype, series, strain, variety, classification, make, stripe, grade, grain, sort, genus, set, form, level, mold, style, kind, order, ilk, denomination, caste, type, species, taxonomy, label, brand, class, race, degree, designation, line, stock, phylum
kinship (part of speech: noun)
fatherhood, motherhood, kinfolk, ancestor, cousin, lineage, brotherhood, heredity, father, kinship, niece, fraternity, relation, nephew, blood, maternity, flesh, mother, aunt, sisterhood, sister, paternity, uncle, kin, clan, brother, consanguinity, relative
posterity (part of speech: noun)
mankind (part of speech: noun)
- I don't think any other girl ever had such a family as mine!" - "Pixie O'Shaughnessy", Mrs. George de Horne Vaizey.
- But her family was more, far more, to her than her world was. - "The Quality of Mercy", W. D. Howells.
- Let us always think of these men who knew each other well as a family. - "Chopin The Story of the Boy Who Made Beautiful Melodies", Thomas Tapper.


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Word: rightful
Definition: legally correct; Ex. rightful owner
Sentences Containing 'rightful'
After the assassination of Francisco Pizarro, in retaliation for his father's execution in 1538, Diego de Almagro II, "El Mozo", continued to press claims as the rightful ruler of Peru and as leader of his father's supporters.
Although later Carolingian historians cast her as a concubine, she was during her time the rightful wife of Charles.
As a result, he opposes his enemies not only because he finds their actions evil, but also because they have usurped the rightful authority of the crown.
At the age of twelve, their eldest son, Andrew, became the rightful heir to the family title, Baron Castle Stewart, passed down from Andrew's uncle.
Because list MPs gain their positions by virtue of being on a party list, rather than by winning votes personally, some contend that the party, not the MP, is the rightful "owner" of the seat.
By 1938, the only use the Germans had for the A.G.N.A. was to threaten to renounce the treaty as a way of pressuring London to accept continental Europe as Germany's rightful sphere of influence.
Dawoodi Bohra believe that after Muhammad, Ali had been the rightful "wasi", Imam and caliph, but the actual Caliphate was usurped by Ẓāhirī ("literalist") caliphs.
Furthermore he noted that as Kazembe was the rightful owner of Msiri's country, the Kazembe treaty effectively gave them all the 'Lunda country' (by which he included Msiri's territory comprising the south-east of present-day Katanga).
George Sinclair of Keiss, who was considered the rightful heir, stormed the castle in 1679, an action which led to the Battle of Altimarlech in 1680, in which the Campbells were victorious.
He is compelled to send a telepathic message to his twin C'tair (who is hiding on Tleilaxu-conquered Ix) that his own heighliner carries rightful Ixian ruler Rhombur Vernius, on his way to free the planet.
Her home also became a focal point for young society women, though she was never able to take her rightful place in society due to the scandals surrounding her husband.
His eldest son and rightful heir was Koretsune.
If police agencies are not able to return the stolen merchandise to the rightful owners, by law they must sell seized, recovered, found, and unclaimed personal property at public auction.
In 1949, the museum was among the first to return a work that had been looted by the Nazis, when it returned Claude Monet's "The Seine at Asnières" to its rightful owner.
In 1973, several episodes of the series were compiled together as an overseas theatrical release entitled "Call Me By My Rightful Name".
In 1996, Rodney King sued Burris and two other attorneys, accusing them of trying to defraud King out of his rightful share of recovery from a multi-million-dollar jury verdict against Los Angeles; a court ruled that King's suit was not brought within the statute of limitations.
In March 2011, when asked if he was the rightful heir, Idris said a family council would decide who would be king, not an heir.
Isis could not stand by and let this happen because her son was the rightful ruler.
Later, Vortigern is deposed by the rightful King of the Britons, Aurelius Ambrosius (the historical Ambrosius Aurelianus) and Hengist is captured and later executed.
Like the Provisional IRA before it, the RIRA sees itself as the only rightful successor to the original Irish Republican Army and styles itself as simply "the Irish Republican Army" in English or "Óglaigh na hÉireann" (Volunteers of Ireland) in Irish.
Mediaeval sources describe the Rhinegrave as the village's and municipal area's highest "Vogt" and rightful chief justice.
Paul's Cathedral declaring Edward's children bastards and Richard the rightful king.
Princess Alexa enters, and wonders why the marriage must take place at all, since Melissa is the rightful heir.
Since then the two sons and their respective followers have been feuding over who is the rightful successor of Moshe, with the followers of Aaron attempting to gain control of approximately $372 million worth of Satmar buildings and land (including its synagogues) in Williamsburg and elsewhere.
The Amboy Conference was the setting of the official "re-organization" of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints into the Latter Day Saint denomination now known as the Community of Christ. Held on April 6, 1860, this conference recognized movement founder, Joseph Smith, Jr's eldest son, Joseph Smith III as his rightful successor and sustained the young Joseph as President of the Church.
The Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC) filed its own challenge for the Cup and then filed a court case asking that CNEV be removed as Challenger of Record as being unqualified under the Deed of Gift. GGYC also asked that it be named as the rightful Challenger of Record, being the first club to file a conforming challenge.
The merchandise is only auction after the police has attempted to return the items to the rightful owner and the merchandise is no longer needed in any police investigation.
The rightful heir was believed to be Edward Berkeley Philipps (later Mansel), son of Courtenay Philipps, son of Richard Mansel, younger brother of the tenth Baronet.
The story is mainly about the sorceress Gudrun, who rules the Jarl's people through fear; the power struggle between her and her son, her very reflection and one weakness; and the small, motley band of outlaws who join him in the fight to restore the land to its rightful leader.
The younger one initially claims to be the true heir of the Duke of Bilgewater, and the older one the lost son of Louis the XVI and the rightful king of France.
There followed a long and acrimonious legal battle, with the New York Court of Appeals finally deciding on April 2, 2009, that CNEV did not qualify as valid challenger, and that the GGYC was thus the rightful Challenger of Record. Dispute.
When Dom Miguel returned and seized power from the rightful heir, his niece Maria II, and proclaimed himself 'Absolute King', Travassos Valdez held out in Madeira until his defence of the island was overwhelmed by an expeditionary force despatched from Portugal. As Miguel had given orders that Travassos Valdez should be hanged if captured, he was forced to flee the Portuguese realms and, with his wife, brother, and six children, sailed to England under the protection of the British Royal Navy in September 1828.
Yahya believed that as the next oldest son, he was next in line to be Ottoman Sultan and felt cheated out of his rightful destiny.
More Vocab Words
::: cantankerous - ill-humored; irritable
::: disclose - reveal; N. disclosure
::: obsequy - funeral ceremony


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text:
Definition of hysteria
n. - A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. 2
The word "hysteria" uses 8 letters: A E H I R S T Y.
No direct anagrams for hysteria found in this word list.
All words formed from hysteria by changing one letter
Browse words starting with hysteria by next letter


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This is the second article in a series on publishing text in Hebrew and Yiddish for genealogy books. The first article looked at Finding Hebrew Fonts. This article looks at using those fonts to publish Hebrew, Yiddish or any Right-to-Left (RTL) language using Adboe InDesign, without having to buy the more expensive Adobe InDesign ME (which has extensive support for RTL languages).
The standard software for professional publishing these days is Adobe InDesign. When publishing genealogy books there are genealogy programs that can output formatted reports and books (such as the book output options of Heredis and GEDitCOM II mentioned on Tuesday), but if you want a fully customized book that can be published professionally (or through an online publisher/printer like lulu.com) either you or someone else who is helping you will likely need to use InDesign. InDesign itself is not cheap (about $650), but if you want to use RTL languages like Hebrew, Yiddish, or Arabic, it costs hundreds of dollars more for the ME (Middle East) version.
Why would you want to use RTL languages in a genealogy book? Some examples include transcribing Jewish gravestones which in many cases are at least partially (and frequently wholly) in Hebrew, and transcribing handwritten Yiddish letters. You could just put in a translation of the texts, but adding the original text, especially when the orginal may be hard to read, is a nice touch.
There are actually two InDesign add-ons you can buy that will enable RTL features in standard InDesign, ScribeDOOR from WinSoft International and World Tools from In-Tools. The cheapest solution is still $99. Again, perhaps too expensive, especially if it's not for a copy of InDesign you own. So what if you could use RTL langauges in InDesign without an expensive plug-in? Well it turns out you can, with a little trick I'm going to show you.
Keep in mind this trick won't add all the RTL features that the ME version of InDesign offers, but it will let you insert RTL text that will lay out properly. For short texts like gravestone transcriptions, or simple texts like letters, this is more than enough. If you want to format complicated things like forms and complex layouts, chances are you'll need to spend the extra money and get one of the other solutions.
Technically this has been possible since InDesign CS4, but I believe it may have required some scripting to make it work. I'm using CS6 and there is nothing you need to get it working other than following the steps below.
Open InDesign, and go to the Paragraph settings. You want to select the Adobe World-Ready Paragraph Composer:
|Step 1: Select the Adobe World-Ready Paragraph Composer|
This is what defines the type of text-box you create when using the Type Tool in InDesign.
Next, select the Type Tool:
|Step 2: Select the Type Tool, and create a text box|
and with the Type Tool selected, create a text box on the page.
|Step 3: Command/Control Click and select 'Fill with Placeholder Text' from menu|
|Step 4: Select Hebrew from the pop-up menu|
|Hebrew Placeholder Text in the text box|
Now you just delete the Hebrew text and your cursor will be on the right side of the text box, ready to enter any RTL text, whether Hebrew, Yiddish or Arabic.
|Empty Text Box in RTL mode ready for text entry|
You can change your font, size, whatever – and it will now all work in this text box. Use any number of Hebrew fonts, like those I mentioned in my recent article Finding Hebrew Fonts.
If you use this tip, let me know. If you're interested in hearing more about publishing genealogy books, let me know in the comments.


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The Chemistry of Coppers
- At least five copper coins with about the same amount of tarnish
- Three or four household liquids - such as vinegar, coke, apple juice, water
- A glass for each liquid
- A few pieces of kitchen towel
- Put a couple of centimetres of each liquid into a separate glass.
- Put a copper coin into each glass. If you can balance them half in the liquid and half out that will make any changes really easy to see.
- After a couple of minutes, take the coins out and dry them on the kitchen towel. Don't forget which coin went in which liquid!
- Compare the coins. Which liquid made the colour of the coins change the most?
Some liquids such as vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice Cola etc. all cause the coins to become cleaner, if you leave the coins half in the liquid they will become stripey. The half in the liquid will be clean and a pink colour, but the half that was out of the liquid will have stayed the same.
|Copper with an oxide layer on the right.|
All the liquids which had an effect on the coins are what's called acids. Acids tend to be very sour tasting things. When coins are left in your pocket for a long time, the copper in them reacts with the oxygen in the air and turns into copper oxide. That's the black gunky stuff on the outside of the coin. When you put that in an acid it will dissolve the copper oxide leaving behind just the shiny metal coin. Basically, if you ever want to clean any metals, acid is a good thing to do it with!
The acid has some hydrogen in it which will react with the oxygen in the oxide and turn into water. The more hydrogen atoms in the acid, the stronger the acid, the lower its pH, and the more shiny the coins will appear after being soaked. Vinegar is the strongest acid in our sample.
Once some of the hydrogens have dissolved the oxide and turned into water, this leaves the other half of the acid, which in vinegar is called the acetic group. So some of the copper is dissolved in that and sits around in solution. If you take lots and lots of coins and leave them in very strong vinegar for about an hour and you can see a slight green tinge. That's the copper in the copper acetate which looks slightly green. You definitely don't want to drink that!
This does also mean that cola drinks are corrosive and can dissolve your teeth in just the same way it dissolves the copper oxide. Cola drinks contain vast quantities of phosphoric acid. In fact, a certain global cola company is one of the world's largest consumers of phosphoric acid. It means that cola has a pH of about 3 or 3.5, just slightly different from dilute hydrochloric acid that you may use in labs at school.
Why do the coins go pink?
The coins go pink which is actually the colour of clean copper, what we call 'copper coloured' is the pink copper covered with a thin layer of black copper oxide.


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The Positive Discipline is opposed to traditional punishment, and it aims to educate kids through a caring, loving and supportive environment.
Imagine you are a kid living in Rio's favelas. You don't have the same access to basic need, such as transportation and education, than other people living in most privileged neighborhoods.
Dante Larini volunteered at Mais Caminhos as a photographer but couldn't just look at the kids and take pictures, he felt the need to participate and socialize with them.
Kids of Mais Caminhos will participate on a cultural exchange program called Brave Kids, which aims to support vulnerable young people through artistic activities.


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Fracking lecture at Leeds Uni disrupted and moonedTagged as: environmentalism
Protestors with "FRACK-OFF" written on their arses mooned a pro-fracking lecture at Leeds Uni today.
The talk, The Science of Fracking - Societal Issues and Perceptions, by Dale Leckie of Canadian Oil and Gas company Nexen Inc was organised by the Leeds University Centre for Integrated Petroleum Engineering and Geoscience.
Leckie accused critics of being unscientific in their critiques of fracking. He claimed that ground water methane contamination - as shown in the film Gasland where people had been able to set alight to their drinking water - had not occurred because of fracking, he claimed that the contamination is more likely to have occurred because of faults in the pipes bringing the gas to the surface - so not a problem connected to fracking at all then!
He failed to mention in his list of concerns people have around fracking the critical issue of climate change or the problem of the quantities of water that fracking process uses, or that the process can cause fractured rocks to leach out toxic chemicals such as arsenic or radioactive isotopes.
A group of protestors, after raising their concerns at the end of the talk, left and mooned the speaker through the window with FRACK-OFF written on their bums.
For more about the impacts of fracking and a map of fracking sites in the UK visit frack-off.org.uk
Nexen Inc is active in fracking and tar sands in North America.


Whats Up With Dogs Wiping Their Paws?
didis dogs.TIF
Dear Didi: We lost our 11-year-old GoldenDoodle, Ginger, a month ago. She was absolutely the most perfect dog ever and we miss her horribly. To fill that hole in our hearts we just brought in a new Doodle puppy. His name is Cooper and he is 10 weeks old. He has an interesting habit we would like more information about. He always "wipes his paws" on the grass after going to the bathroom. Why is he doing this and should we do anything about it? Doodle Parents in Stockton
Dear Doodle Parents: What a great question! You are absolutely correct, in that, most people assume the dog is "wiping" their feet clean after going potty. Behaviorists have spent some pretty good time evaluating, observing and studying this particular behavior. A dogs' sense of smell is so acute that they can get an idea of another dog's health circumstances, age, sex and personality by sniffing their private areas. Urine and fecal matter have telltale hormonal smells included in the waste material. Many animals, besides dogs, use the bathroom with a very calculated intent, as far as, the location in which they place their special package. It is a form of marking territory. It lets others know who he or she is for social hierarchy.
The additional foot scratching that you see from your puppy leaves claw marks and additional hormonal smells. Dogs have scent glands in the pads of their feet. Therefore, your puppy is already trying to let the world know how tough he is. Quite the attitude for a young puppy! He probably smells the left over scent from Ginger and wants to warn her that he is in town now. It can be trained out by immediately distracting Cooper when he finishes doing his business. Distractions could be a ball, squeaky toy, running away from him so he chases you excitedly, or a yummy treat. Therefore, he won't get in the habit of acting dominant. Your lawn will also thank you!


Why does my Engine Run Rough?
When an engine runs rough, it can be a sign of a number of problems – sometimes they can be long-term issues that can damage the engine, other times they can be momentary blips that aren't a big deal. So why is your engine running rough, and what can you do to bring it back in line?
Engine cycles up and down
If your engine cycles its running speed up and down, this is likely due to an issue with the fuel flow. Fuel flow can be effected by a number of things-
 - Object in the gas tank: If something works its way into your gas tank and restricts the fuel flow into the exit hose, this will cause surges and stoppages of gas. Empty your tank and shake out anything that is causing a blockage.
 - Carburetor not feeding freely: Remove the plug from the bottom of the fuel bowl of the carburetor and see if gasoline flows freely from the tank, through the hose and float valve, into the carburetor. If it doesn't, trace things back to find the problem.
 - Gummed-up carburetor: If none of these actions remedy the problem, take the carburetor apart and blow out all the orifices and jets. You may need to soak it in carburetor cleaner first to remove some of the build-up.
Engine Ignition Causes Sputtering
Sometimes a failure in the ignition system can cause a rough idle, something that is often traced back to the spark plug. Make sure the spark plug leads are secure, that the spark plug itself is clean, and that it is gapped correctly. Measure the gap and adjust it per specifications.
Wheezing and Lagging
If the air filter gets clogged up with dirt and debris, it will restrict the airflow to the engine, causing the engine to get choked up. Use a screwdriver to remove the filter cover and take out the old filter. If its a foam filter, you can clean it with hot water and light detergent, just make sure you allow it to dry completely before reinstalling it and running your mower. If it's a pleated air filter, remove it and shake it out. If shaking it out doesn't work, you will need to replace the filter entirely.
Regardless of the reasons behind it, you will need to remedy your rough, lagging mower as soon as possible. Aside from performance issues, this can be the sign of the deterioration of your carburetor, which can be a crippling problem and will lead to the need for an expensive rebuild.
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- Changing display properties
- Changing colours
- PDF files
Changing display properties
By changing the 'Resolution' setting you can make text and images look either larger or smaller all the time. domgen.com is designed to be viewed at a screen resolution of 800 x 600.
On PC, go to the 'Start' menu and select 'Settings'. When you are given further options select the 'Control Panel' folder. The 'Control Panel' folder will then appear on your screen. At this point you should select the 'Display' icon.
Next click on the 'Settings' tab on the top of your page. You will see a box labelled 'Desktop Area'. Move the slide across so that the '800 by 600 pixels' is displayed. Finally, click on the 'OK' button.
On an Apple Macintosh, you can use the Monitor & Sound Control Panel to change the resolution.
If careers.domesticandgeneral.com's colour scheme makes it difficult for you to read the text, you can change it in your browser.
If you are using Microsoft Internet Explorer, click on 'Tools and then Internet Options'.
To ignore the colours and fonts specified on the site, click on the 'Accessibility' button towards the bottom of the window and check the relevant boxes.
To specify your own colours for both the text and the background, click on the 'Colors' button and then uncheck the 'Use Windows Colours' box. Simply click on the 'Text' and 'Background' boxes to choose your preferred colour scheme.
Last updated 21st November 2012


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Model information (Last updated: September 11, 2015)
The WRF (version 3.6.1) with Polar Mods (Polar WRF) setting is used in the real-time numerical weather predictions over the Antarctic. The Polar Mods were developed by the Polar Meteorology Group at The Ohio State University to better handle Arctic/Antarctic conditions for forecasting purposes. In this configuration, the model consists of 385x385 grid points with a horizontal resolution 20 km. In vertical, the model has 48 terrain-following levels, and the top pressure is set to 10 hPa.
The Antarctic Polar WRF Runs contain the following parameterization schemes:
The model starts at 0000/1200 UTC as its initial times every day and produces a 120-hour prediction for the Antarctic. The initial and boundary conditions are interpolated from the daily 0000/1200 UTC run of the Global Forecast System (GFS) issued by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
Model output information
The following real-time model outputs are placed on the website:
Any comments or questions about the real-time numerical weather prediction. Please mail to _EMAIL_.


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I'm trying to understand if the timing of human bowel movements in the morning is associated with the circadian rhythm, and can thus be used to make predictions about the circadian rhythm.
What influences the timing of bowel movements? Is it the timing of meals, caffeine intake or is it a biologically programmed time?
Thank you!
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up vote 8 down vote accepted
The bowel movements are influenced by a lot of factors. For example, when you eat a meal it induces a movement in your large intestines, to defecate and clear up space for new food.
Also, there is MMC, migrating motor complex, which is responsible for the bowel movements when you are fasting. It causes a flushing effect, which prevents bacteria to overproduce in intestines.
So, the daily bowel movements are mainly influenced by the timing and content of the food that you eat. But as I said there are many other factors. The gastrointestinal system has a very complex nervous system. Even psychological factors can effect the bowel movements greatly, for example extreme physical pain may induce the symphatetic system and cause constipation.
Also caffeine may affect it, like many drugs do.
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The Smallest Analog Computer Ever Made?!
By James Grahame
From the early 1960s brochure: "Donner's Model 3500 is a full-fledged analog computer weighing just 28 lbs. Designed for engineers, educators and scientists, it can be used to study almost any physical system that can be described by differential equations. It can be operated on desk tops and benches by anyone who can run a slide rule. The standard 3500 contains 10 amplifiers, stabilized or unstabilized as the user chooses. The computer performs accurately with 1% or 0.1% computing components, and is furnished ready-to-work for $1850, depending upon specific equipment desired."
Fast forward 50 years, and I'd much rather have a Macbook. It's astounding to realize just how far we've come in the past half century; the Donner 3500 used vacuum tubes and was anything but simple to use. These days, you could create a comparable analog function generator using a variety of solid-state op amps and buffers that cost only a few cents each.


A Theory of Religion 1st edition
A Theory of Religion 0 9780813523309 _PHONE_
Details about this item
A Theory of Religion: In this unique text, Stark and Bainbridge begin with basic statements about human nature and, employing the principles of logic and philosophy, build toward increasingly complex propositions about societies and their religious institutions. They provide a rigorous yet flexible sociological theory of religion as well as a general sociological model for deriving macrolevel theory from microlevel evidence.
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