AAAI Publications, First AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing
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Transcribing and Annotating Speech Corpora for Speech Recognition: A Three-Step Crowdsourcing Approach with Quality Control
Annika Hämäläinen, Fernando Pinto Moreira, Jairo Avelar, Daniela Braga, Miguel Sales Dias
Last modified: 2013-11-03
Large speech corpora with word-level transcriptions annotated for noises and disfluent speech are necessary for training automatic speech recognisers. Crowdsourcing is a lower-cost, faster-turnaround, highly scalable alternative for expert transcription and annotation. In this paper, we showcase our three-step crowdsourcing approach motivated by the importance of accurate transcriptions and annotations.
automatic speech recognition, speech corpora, transcription, annotation, crowdsourcing
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The Clark Photograph and Clippings Archive contains nearly a million images that were used to teach and study art in the early twentieth century. Sadly, some of these images represent the only remaining documentation of important works of art. The Lost Art Project draws on the Clark's photograph and clipping collection to highlight these important lost works.
Today's lost art work is St. Agnes by Alonso Cano (1601–1667):
St. Agnesis one of approximately 417 works of art from the Kaiser Friedrich Museum that was deposited in the Friedrichshain flak tower, or Flakturm, for safekeeping during the Second World War. The painting is presumed to have been destroyed when the tower was burned in May of 1945.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Execute like Reed when faced with an uneven lie
Patrick Reed captured his first PGA Tour victory Sunday in the Wyndham Championship by defeating Jordan Spieth in a two-hole playoff.
What will be remembered by most from Reed's win will be the potential shot of the year he hit during the playoff.
Narrowly avoiding out of bounds with his tee shot on the second playoff hole, Reed was left with his ball under trees and well above his feet.
Reed, however, was able to pull off a miracle shot, getting the ball to within 7 feet of the hole.
Uneven lies are extremely common throughout a round of golf, and I often hear players asking what to do when they have a particular lie on the course.
Here are few things you need to know the next time you are forced to hit a shot from anything but a flat lie:
- Ball above your feet: Remember that when the ball is above your feet, you will have the tendency to pull the shot. So a right-handed golfer should aim a little to the right to compensate for a slight pull.
- Ball below your feet: The exact opposite is true when the ball is below your feet. Right-handed players will tend to push the ball to the right of their target. Whether the ball is above or below your feet, make sure you take an extra practice swing to find the bottom of your swing. In other words, rehearse hitting the ground with the club the way you would want to hit the ball.
- Uphill lie: When you are faced with an uphill lie, remember that loft is effectively being added to the club. Depending on the severity of the lie, you may need to use one or two extra clubs. Remember to fight gravity and get your weight to the front foot when you finish your swing.
- Downhill lie: Again, the opposite is true when faced with a downhill lie. Loft is effectively reduced so you may need less club depending on the lie's severity. The most important key to remember on uphill or downhill lies is to try and match your shoulders to the slope of the ground, which allows the club to make good contact with the ground.
Take an online lesson with Tyrus York.


Navigate inside entity objects
Hi All, I am working on an application, where i have list of questions that need to be answered by user. I have all the question created already in a Master Entity and i am using this entity to show questions on a page where i have a template grid (4*4) showing all question number and data view (listing to list view ) to show the correspond questions. Now i have option to click on question numbers to show the question on right in a data view but i want a button also which will navigate me through the question. Like i am on question 1 and i click next and move to question 2. Is their any way by which i can achieve this? Thanks
1 answers
You can try doing the following
 1. In your entity you must have some attribute that determines the order of the question
 2. Develop two buttons in dataview (previous and next)
 3. When pressing the next button, retrieve the current object in dataview,
 4. Based on the order from the object, get the question with next order, pass it to the dataview and refresh it.
 5. I already have my doubts on this, but this is for you to try
Another option to try would be
 1. Try having a template grid showing all details of questions and limit the items shown to 1 with pagination enabled.
 2. But you can not have listen to widget option working between two template grids.


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Background: rigid trocars are widely adopted in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), despite some disadvantages: (I) cannula strong pressure on intercostal nerve stimulating postoperative pain; (II) limited movement of thoracoscopic devices on their fulcrum when extreme acute angles with the chest wall are needed. Wound retractor (WR) device, designed for laparoscopic surgery, it is also used in VATS, but to protect mini-thoracotomy. We compared the use of extra-small WR versus rigid trocar at camera port that is the most painful thoracostomy. The aim was to determine if WR is associated with less postoperative pain and better scope maneuverability.
Methods: This is a single institution prospective study recorded and approved by ethics committee at our hospital. From October 2016 to June 2017, we enrolled 40 patients (statistical power 88%), randomized into two different groups. Group A (20 patients) underwent VATS lung resection using WR at camera port, group B (20 patients) using rigid trocar. Intra-operative data collected were maximum acute angle obtained between the camera and chest wall and chest wall thickness. Pain was measured by numerical analog scales (NAS) at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. We also measured total morphine consumption at 72 h administered by patient controlled analgesia (PCA) system.
Results: No statistical significance was found in the demographic traits of the two groups (P=1). Statistically significant differences were found in favor of group A for both pain control, morphine consumption (P<0.001) and camera maneuverability (described as maximum acute angle obtained/chest wall thickness) (P<0.001).
Conclusions: patients who had WR showed less postoperative pain. Moreover, WR presented other advantages: camera protection by small bleeding from chest wall, adaptability with every chest wall thickness, absence of skin injury around the port. We suggest its use instead of rigid trocar.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Robert Sternberg. Cognitive Psychologist 1949 - Present. Education 1972 - Yale University, B.A. in psychology 1975 - Stanford University, PhD Career 1968 – 1969 - The Psychological Corporation, Research Assistant 1970 - 1970 - Educational Testing Service, Research Assistant
1949 - Present
- Metacomponents - used in problem solving and
decision making. They tell a person how to act.
- Performance components – the basic processes that let a person carry out actions dictated by metacomponents.
- Knowledge-acquisition components – used to obtain new information. They decide what information is relevant to sustain.
1. novelty - A novel situation is one that has a person confronting a new and inexperienced situation.
2. automation - this is a situation that a person has performed numerous times and can be done without much thought.
Sternberg (1997) believes that being adept at one component does not ensure adeptness in the other.


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Over deze norm
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the chemical-resistant properties of fiberglass pipe in a deflected condition for diameters 4 in. (102 mm) and larger. Both glass–fiber–reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and glass–fiber–reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
1.2 Inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.5.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of "Fiberglass" (Glass–Fiber–Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a Deflected Condition|
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of "Fiberglass" (Glass–Fiber–Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a Deflected Condition|


I define the function:
 w[q_, n_, a_] := q/(4 Pi n r^2) (1 - Exp[-2 r/a] (2 (r/a)^2 + 2 (r/a) + 1))
I then want to solve:
 q = 1.6*10^(-19);
 n = 8.85*10^(-12);
 a = 0.529*10^(-10);
 Solve[w[q, n, a] == 1000, r]
This does not work and I do not understand why. I think there is a solution. Any ideas?
Use Reals option with Solve since you did not use exact numbers. You'll get an answer (also with Solve::ratnz) along with it
Solve[w[q, n, a] == 1000, r, Reals]
Mathematica graphics
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you. You show NSolve, but Solve works. Why does your display show the result in that long form as opposed to mine showing it in scientific notation? $\endgroup$ – Amzoti Oct 31 '13 at 5:50
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ sorry, copied the wrong command. It is Solve, not NSolve. I tried NSolve earlier also to see what it does. But ended up using Solve with Reals. $\endgroup$ – Nasser Oct 31 '13 at 5:59
Your Answer


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Mirjana Popovic, Public Information Services Assistant in the World Bank Belgrade Office, offers this story.
One-third of Aleksandar Tisma's land used to be too wet to farm. "Of the 178 hectares that I own, 50 hectares were practically impossible to cultivate. No machinery could work on flooded soil," says Tisma, a farmer from small town in Vojvodina. But since the water that once flooded his wheat and maize farm is now drained away through a repaired drainage canal, things have changed. "Now, after the repair of the canal, I can cultivate that part of my land as well!," he says.
Tisma is one of many farmers who have reclaimed land and increased yields near rivers or canals thanks to repaired drainage canals and improved flood protection. Around Serbia, more than 160,000 hectares have been protected from flooding, and over 300,000 people have directly benefitted from the Irrigation and Drainage Rehabilitation project, supported by a $75 million World Bank loan.
The project aims to reduce the chances of people losing their lives in floods, and cut down the risk of damage to land, crops, property and infrastructure. Major floods in 2006 caused much property damage.
Angelina Taskovic lives in a two story house with her daughter, son-in-law, and two granddaughters near the Gabrovacka River. The river's embankment was reinforced and heightened.
"We feel much safer now, as there is less risk for the river to swell as much when it rains a lot, or when the snow melts quickly, as it happened twice about ten years ago. We feared flooding," Angelina says.
A recent survey of households in the project area near canals showed that the number of people who had damage on their property from poorly regulated canals has halved—as compared to the time before the works started. At the same time, 63% of those interviewed said the works contributed to personal and family safety, and improved their quality of life.
Repairing drainage canals does more than reclaim land—it allows farmers to irrigate. Novi Knezevac has too little rain during the year, but parts of the municipality could not be farmed because the neglected irrigation channel was clogged, flooding nearby land. Once the channel was repaired, the land could be farmed and watered.
"Yields are higher now," says Ljubomir Savin. "They were 3.5-4 tons before the works, and now are 7 tons. Some farmers have had even higher increases."
Farmers are joining resources to buy irrigation equipment to draw water from rehabilitated canals. Petar Jancic is looking to the future. He says, "Dikes need to be cleaned regularly. And if some of the smaller dikes are cleaned as well, we would have a full effect. We could have two harvests and higher yields every year. We are interested in working with Hungary to better use the Tisa River."
Improved drainage has been completed on about 85,000 hectares. Maintenance of these improved drainage systems will be critical, but although lack of funds is a worry, everyone appreciates the need to keep up this essential agricultural infrastructure.
Project coordinator at the Ministry of Agriculture, Dmitar Zakula, says: "During this project, we have started serious deliberations about maintenance. But if there is something we did not expect, it is to see the extent to which our domestic companies have learned and improved through this project's tender processes, and they are now able to compete for both domestic projects, and projects abroad."
Agriculture accounts for about 12% of Serbia's GDP, and slightly less than a quarter of its exports. To be more competitive, including in the European Union markets, farms need to increase productivity and yields. Reducing damage from flooding and increasing irrigation brings Serbian farmers one step closer to that goal. And it increases the safety of those living near river beds and dykes.
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DHCW pleased to enable the Welsh vaccine passport
We're helping to give Welsh people access to vaccination 'passport' certificates.
Our tech and data experts have worked collaboratively with NHS Digital to develop a solution to ensure Welsh vaccination data is available through NHS England's digital COVID Pass service.
This means people in Wales can now access their vaccination status on the internet if they need to travel urgently and meet the vaccine requirements relevant to the country they are travelling to. The NHS COVID Pass can be accessed here.
On day one (25 June) DHCW uploaded over 3.7 million records to the COVID pass service, with ongoing data flows to keep vaccine records up to date.
We also developed the software and database needed to manage requests from people requesting a COVID pass letter.
NHS COVID Pass letters have been available in Wales since May for those who need to urgently travel internationally and provide proof of their vaccination status, with certificates being sent in the post. To date over 18,000 have been requested. The letters will continue to be issued only for people who are unable to access the digital Pass through the Welsh Vaccination Certification Service (WVCS), delivered by Swansea Council's contact tracing team. People can request a bilingual NHS COVID Pass letter by calling 0300 _PHONE_.
The NHS App that is used in England is not available for people to use in Wales currently.


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You can test failover in the SAServer agent using VCS.
Your systems must be set up as follows to use the SQL Anywhere Veritas Cluster Server agents:
You must use Veritas Cluster Server 4.1 or later.
SQL Anywhere must be installed identically on each system node within the cluster.
Database files must be stored on a shared storage device that is accessible to all systems within the cluster.
The utility database password must be the same for all systems within the cluster.
The SADatabase agent uses the utility database to start and stop specific database files. All systems participating in the cluster must have the same utility database password. You can set the utility database password by specifying the -su server option when starting the database server.
On Unix, the VCS agent is installed in $SQLANY16/vcsagent/saserver.
You must have SELECT privilege on the table you are selecting from, or the SELECT ANY TABLE system privilege.
Connect to the database from Interactive SQL. For example:
dbisql -c "UID=DBA;PWD=sql;Server=VCS;HOST=HostName"
Execute the following query:
SELECT * FROM Departments;
The query should execute without errors.
Shut down the system running the database server.
Reconnect from Interactive SQL using the same connection string and executing the query again. You should be able to connect and execute the query successfully.
Discuter à propos de cette page dans DocCommentXchange.
|Copyright © 2013, SAP AG ou société affiliée SAP - SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere 16.0|


Training's Impact on Mental Performance
Training's Impact on Mental Performance
Cycling training doesn't just fatigue your legs — it can also tire out your brain. Knowing the impact that training has on subsequent mental awareness can help you anticipate the cognitive demands of training and racing.
Mental Energy and Training
It might not always be apparent, but training actually demands a lot from your brain. Any time you're pushing the pedals, you're also managing the internal and external workloads that come with it. This management takes a toll on your mind and can ultimately affect how sharp you feel before and after exercise.
In part, this happens because your brain uses fuel for energy, just like the rest of your system. During a race or a training ride, your brain will use its resources and can grow fatigued. When mental fatigue increases, you may experience an increase in the rate of perceived exertion or that your internal management system isn't as sharp.
Not all rides are equally taxing, and some workouts will be tougher on your mind than others. In general, though, the higher the intensity and the more challenging the internal and external variables, the more tired you'll probably feel. Uncomfortable and stressful aspects of training are obvious examples of things that demand cognitive resources. Simply put, internal feelings (muscle pain, physical discomfort, self-doubt) and external variables (hot riding conditions, avoiding obstacles, and riding in a group) take up processing power on the road.
Training Takes a Toll on the Mind
The relationship between cognition and exercise performance is demonstrated in a number of studies. One study, in particular, shows that your cognitive load during a workout does have an effect on physical performance. To conduct this study, this research group used a group of athletes pedaling at 60% of their threshold while completing cognitive tasks, a group pedaling at the same rate while watching a movie, and a group doing the same without any stimulus. The results showed that the group completing cognitive tasks while training experienced a higher heart rate, perceived rate of exertion, and markers of stress as the workout progressed.
Because your cognitive load going into a workout can influence how you feel during your workout, this effect is relevant for all athletes. For example, if you do a threshold workout immediately after a demanding day at work, you may notice that the rate of perceived exertion is higher than it normally is. The same can happen when the order is reversed. If you did a tough workout in the morning before work, you might find that your focus is less sharp during the day.
Mental energy is key to staying motivated and feeling good during your challenging workouts. Similarly, life's commitments may not always afford you the leeway to be mentally drained during the day. Luckily, you have more control over your brain's performance than it may seem. You can assist your cognitive functions with proper nutrition and hydration. Additionally, because not all workouts are draining, you can use timing to mitigate training's impact on your day-to-day life.
Hydration and Fueling
Like your muscles, your brain needs plenty of fuel. Ensuring that you're well-hydrated and getting plenty of fuel throughout the day (this includes before, during, and after your training sessions) is a proactive way to help your brain during training.
Dehydration degrades cognitive performance. This can be especially apparent indoors where you have insufficient cooling and lack of airflow. The best prevention is to stay on top of your hydration before, during, and after training.
The same goes for fuel. Your brain uses glucose, depleting liver glycogen and blood glucose to fuel cognitive tasks. This is why one symptom of the dreaded bonk is confusion. You can help stay on top of your brain's demand for fuel by giving your nutrition and fueling the extra attention it needs.
Timing Your Workouts
While hydrating and fueling mitigate training's effect on cognitive function, it doesn't eliminate mental fatigue entirely. In fact, when you know that you have a mentally taxing event or a day on the calendar, you might want to adjust your training schedule proactively.
For example, if Wednesdays are stressful personal days, put your recovery ride on Wednesday and your interval workout on Thursday or Friday instead. Moving the challenging workouts onto low-stress days can be enough to preserve the important tasks in your day without missing any of the workouts in your training plan.
Improvements and Positive Effects
With time your ability to manage cognitive load during training may improve. In a study conducted with elite-level athletes, the subjects demonstrated that they were better at resisting mental fatigue through narrow focus. Essentially, the professional cyclists were better at filtering out noise and irrelevant external and internal information to save mental energy. As was noted earlier, endurance competitions and workouts require inhibition of some feelings (muscle pain, heat, stress, and the urge to quit.) As you get better at filtering out these adverse feelings, it will help your brain.
In other good news, training's tax on your brain comes with its own set of benefits. Research suggests that exercise modulates genes that can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain. These structural improvements are shown to lead to improvements in both cognitive and emotional well-being.
Training isn't always detrimental to focus, either. Anecdotally, some athletes find that after training, their focus actually increases. This study demonstrated that lower intensity workouts can actually result in increased acute cognitive performance. So, there is a line where exercise improves cognitive performance instead of hurting it.
Working Around Mental Fatigue
All in all, some mental fatigue is unavoidable. After a hard race, a high-intensity workout, or a demanding group ride, you just might not feel as sharp as you did before training. What you can do is continue to nourish yourself, hydrate, get plenty of rest, and listen to your body's signals. If your brain is too tired for VO2-Max intervals, that's reason enough to swap your intervals for a recovery session instead. Similarly, when you know you have an unavoidable stressful day coming up, you can move your challenging workouts accordingly. It takes time to find out where your threshold lies, but it's another way to ensure that your training remains a rewarding process.
References and Further Reading
Why Athletes Around the World Use TrainerRoad to Get Faster
Check Out TrainerRoad
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Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an essential mechanism for power saving in smartphones and mobile devices. Central processing unit (CPU) load based DVFS algorithms are widely used due to their simplicity of implementation. However, such algorithms often lead to a poor response time, which is one of the most important factors of user experience, especially for interactive applications. In this paper, the response time is mathematically modeled by considering the CPU frequency and characteristics of the running applications based on the Linux kernel's completely fair scheduler (CFS), and a Response time constrained Frequency & Priority (RFP) control scheme for improved power efficiency of smartphones is proposed. In the RFP algorithm, the CPU frequency and priority of the interactive applications are adaptively adjusted by estimating the response time in real time. The experimental results show that RFP can save energy up to 24.23% compared to the ondemand governor and up to 7.74% compared to HAPPE while satisfying the predefined threshold of the response time in Android-based smartphones.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Hardware and Architecture
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Artificial Intelligence


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Sendes vanligvis innen 5-15 dager
The hosting of sports events - whether large international events, or smaller niche interest events - has huge and long-lasting impacts on the local environment, economy and industry. Strategic Sports Event Management: Olympic Edition provides students and event managers with an insight into the strategic management of sports events of all scales and nature. The framework offers a planning process that can be used to understand the importance of a strategic approach, and shows how to implement strategies that can achieve successful sports events over the short and long-term. The text uses international case studies throughout to offer real-world insight in both larger and smaller events. Plus, in this new Olympic edition, a case study from the Beijing Olympiad is included in each chapter. Through this topical and timely addition to the text, we can understand the lessons to be learned by events mangers of events of all sizes. Written by an experienced author and using first-hand research the text looks at: the organizations involved such as the IOC, FIFA and IAAF, and their interactions with charities, the media and promoters the short-term and long-term benefits of the planning process evaluating the event, its impacts and legacies operational strategies including finance, ticketing, transport, venues, IT, communications, equipment and personnel the bidding process and what is required for a successful bid Strategic Sports Event Management: Olympic Edition builds on the substantial success of the first edition and is vital reading for students and practitioners alike.


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Dome A - coldest place on Earth
|Coordinates:||80.3671 S 77.3729 E|
|No:||155 (list of all attractions)|
|Category:||Meteorological phenomena, Other natural landmarks|
|Address:||Antarctic and Sub-antarctic region, Antarctica, Dome Argus|
|Alternate name:||Dome Argus|
This is Dome C, 1200 km from Dome A, taken from 32 m height. Landscape at Dome A looks the same.
Stephen Hudson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
The eventual coldest place on Earth is located on one of the highest places of Antarctica - on Dome A (Dome Argus). Thus far the lowest measured temperature reached here -82.5°C (July 2005) but scientists consider that it might fall even as low as -102°C.
"Dome Argus" was named by the researchers of Scott Polar Research Institute. Name "Argus" is taken from the Greek mythology - Argus is builder of the ship of argonauts. Most likely Argus in his worst dreams could not imagine that there exist such cold places.
Visually Dome A looks like most other places in Antarctica - an endless, flat, lifeless plain. Landscape consists of white snow and sky above it.
Dome A is the highest part of Eastern Antarctic ice shield. The ice near it is at least 2,400 m thick and below the Dome A is located Gamburtsev Mountain Range. These mountains reach height up to 2,700 m and in many ways are similar to Alps. It is possible that the development of Eastern Antarctic ice shield started from the glaciers of this mountain range in late Eocene some 35 million years ago.
Area around Dome A is extremely flat - if Dome A is located 4092.5 m above the sea level, the lowest spot in 30 km distance around it is 4,090.2 m above the sea level - height difference over 30 km is only 2.3 m.
Yearly precipitation here is around 10 mm of snow - it is one of the driest places on Earth. Area is also very calm, although there is little data about the speed of wind in winter here (installed anemometres does not work properly at these extreme temperatures).
The lowest temperature ever recorded has been registered in 1983 in Russian station Vostok: -89.2°C.
Dome A though is located some 600 m higher than Vostok. Automatic meteorological station was installed here in January 2005 and already in July 2005 there was registered -82.5°C. Currently, as Wondermondo writes this article (27th September 2010), the temperature 1 m above the land surface is -71°C. Temperature falls below -80°C almost every winter. In summer in rare cases the temperature here rises above -10°C but usually is between -20 - -40°C.
Deep the ice it is not any better: at 10 m depth the temperature is -58.3°C.
Weather in Dome A is very calm. During the cold winters a specific phenomenon is observed - inversion. The coldest air is closer to the land surface, while several metres higher the temperature is some 10°C higher. This is caused by the cooling effect of snow surface and lack of wind which elsewhere would mix this cold air with the warmer air above it.
It is possible though that Dome A is not the coldest place on Earth. 144 km south-west from Dome A has been identified Ridge A which might have even lower temperatures.
There is accumulated 1 - 3 cm of snow over Dome A in a year. Densification of snow is approximately 1 - 2 cm per year. Thus the ice shield gets very thin "annual rings", each of them recording information about the climatic conditions of respective year.
Due to this Dome A is valuable site for climatic research - layers have been acumulated without any local disturbances, they are thin and thus one should not go too deep to reach very old ice. Research here would provide very valuable information about the climate in past.
Chinese expeditions and ambitions
Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition CHINARE-21 was the first who arrived in this remote place in January 2005. Under the bright summer Sun they made several important scientific research activities - extracted 110 m long ice core sample and installed automatic meteorological station built by Australians. It is expected that this station continuously will collect data for 20 years and send it to satellite. Data can be seen online here.
Ambitions of Chinese scientists did not end with this. The next expedition installed automatic astronomical observatory PLATO in January 2008. This station worked well for 208 days when energy supplies ended and thus far is serviced and restarted every summer. The science made by PLATO can be learned here and current situation can be seen on these webcams. In fact these webcams show that some accumulation of snow due to winds is taking place here.
In 2009 the construction of the most extreme Antarctic research station - Kunlun Station - was started. For beginning, it, of course, is summer station.
The work here is extremely demanding. It is hard to breathe and one should be very careful not to damage his lungs. There are numerous problems which can not be imagined by people elsewhere in the world. Going to toilet outside premises seems to be mission impossible: at -60°C everything freezes stone hard immediately after leaving the body, or, if you are not well prepared and quick enough, shortly BEFORE leaving the body. Hands without handkerchiefs are damaged by frost in 3 minutes time at this temperature.
After working for 50 days at Dome A people are loosing weight - it is not possible to take wholesome food to this place.
Kunlun station is designed to persist in at least -93°C cold at wind speed of 12 m/s. This requires special engineered materials - common steel is not trustable at such conditions. It is planned to develop airport here as well. Station is located 1,200 km from the other Antarctic stations and is outside the range of helicopters - thus currently it is reached only with snowmobiles.
Dome A is one of the best locations on Earth for astronomical observations - for example, it is probably the only place on Earth where interstellar medium can be researched in terahertz frequencies. Much role in this program is taken by Australia which sees a possibility to develop world class astronomical observatory here.
See Dome Argus on the map of Antarctica!
- Australian Antarctic Division, Dome A: Colder than Cold. Accessed in 31st December 2011. Here you can look current temperature at Dome A - amazing!
- Xiao Cunde, Li Yuansheng, Ian Allison, Hou Shugui, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Jean-Marc Barnola, Ren Jiawen, Bian Lingen, Zhang Shenkai, Takao Kameda. Surface characteristics at Dome A, Antarctica: first measurements and a guide to future ice-coring sites. Annals of Glaciology 48, 2008. Accessed in 27 September 2010.


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Your iPhone has been storing general data about it's location since at least last September.
It has been doing this in an unencrypted data file that is stored on your phone and in your backup files on your computer. That file is easily accessible to anyone with physical access to your phone or your computer.
That information used to be in the inaccessible system partition of the iPhone previous to the release of iOS 4.0. This information was not contained in iPhone backups and was ostensibly accessible only to Apple or people that had Jailbroken iPhones.
Now, the information resides in a section of your iPhone's memory that is contained in iPhone backups and that is easily accessible to programs like the iPhone Tracker. Both GSM and CDMA iPhones record this location data.
Those are the facts. Anything else is conjecture or based off of unsubstantiated inside information.
The creators of the iPhone Tracker app made a short video demonstrating the way that the iPhone records your movements.
Where is the information stored?
The fact that the iPhone was collecting and keeping this data was originally discovered last September by iPhone security expert Alex Levinson. The file, called consolidated.db is stored on the User partition within the iPhone's file structure, making it accessible and allowing it to be contained in iPhone backups.
The file where this data used to be collected pre-iOS 4.0, was called h-cells.plist and it was located in the system partition and, while still accessible with enough effort, was much harder to get to and was not contained in backups.
Why was the data moved?
Some conjectures have been made that Apple moved this data in order for it to be easier for Apple itself or government officials to track iPhone users.
The fact of the matter is that the data was most likely moved for a much less nefarious reason. Developers needed access to the data to use in Multitasking and background location APIs. With the data behind the system partition, developers would not have been able to take advantage of cell tower triangulation in addition to GPS location to determine the iPhone's location.
Why is it being gathered?
There are two main possibilities for the data collection. First, it's obvious that making the data available to developers who are using location based services in their apps is necessary.
If you've ever used Google Maps and had the blue dot pop up a couple of blocks away from where you are with a large blue circle around it, that location was obtained using the same data that's stored in this file. Your exact location is then determined by the GPS radio in your phone. If you're indoors or have the GPS turned off, this data is used to approximate your location for apps that need it.
The other main reason that it could be being collected is that Apple is gathering information on the distance between, strength and positioning of cellular towers. A recent update to the iPhone Location app has determined that the information is recorded on both CDMA and GSM phones.
We've contacted Apple to confirm the exact reason that it's being gathered but have not heard back from them yet. If we receive more information we will let you know immediately.
Why is it being kept?
This is the question that many who understand what we've discussed above are asking. If your iPhone only needs it for basic positioning, then why is the data being stored long term?
One theory has been posed by John Gruber of Daring Fireball.
I don't have a definitive answer, but my little-birdie-informed understanding is that consolidated.db acts as a cache for location data, and that historical data should be getting culled but isn't, either due to a bug or, more likely, an oversight.
The supposition here is that Apple always intended for the data to be erased a short time after it was recorded. After it was used for whatever positioning purposes that it was gathered for, it would be erased from the log file. Most likely this would happen on a revolving time-frame. Once data passed out of the time frame of usefulness, it would be deleted from the end of the database.
The answer as to why it is being kept can only be answered by Apple at this point, another item that we have reached out to them for comment on.
Is the information being sent?
Here is the important question. Apple has already acknowledged publicly that they do record and transmit data about cell phone towers in a letter to congress. In that letter, prompted by an inquiry from Congressmen Edward J. Markey and Joe Barton, Apple explains that they do gather this data and that it is transmitted but that it is done so in an encrypted packet.
Whether or not the data is sent encrypted remains to be seen, but the file is certainly not encrypted on your hard drive or the iPhone itself.
Although there was never any official confirmation of this, there is a strong possibility that the mysterious data transmissions many users have seen their iPhones performing in the wee hours of the night do, in fact, contain this location tracking information. The file size of the consolidated.db file and the amount of data being transmitted are similar enough to posit a possible link.
You can read the full thread of information about those strange nocturnal transmissions here, all 86 pages worth.
Can I stop it from being recorded?
Currently the only way to stop it from being recorded is to jailbreak your iPhone and use a jailbreak app written specifically for the purpose. Turning off location services will not disable the recording of this data as it's considered diagnostic information.
You can also encrypt your iPhone backups which will protect the file from anyone attempting to access it on your machine. Doing this will not protect the file on your phone itself however.
In order for the file itself to be protected from access it would either need to be moved back to the system partition, where it is still possible to find but much more difficult for the average user, or encrypted by Apple on-device.
Should I be worried?
At worst the gathering of location data from GSM and CDMA cellular towers should be of mild concern to anyone who is in danger of their iPhone or computer being accessed by people that could be in a position to use your location to harm you.
This cross-section of people should be fairly limited.
That doesn't mean that Apple shouldn't have to do something about this file though. It's unnecessary to have all of your movements for the past 8 months just sitting on your phone. A software update that either aggressively culled the file of old data or made it more secure will most likely be incoming.
We will be sure to inform you immediately if Apple responds to our inquiries regarding the iPhone recording your location and whether or not it is in fact being transmitted.


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Camp Crew - Camp RIO (Immediate Opening)
Camp RIO is an outdoor education facility that operates nearly 100% outdoors. Interested candidates should be willing and able to work outside in a variety of weather conditions. Visit _URL_ to learn more.
Mission: The Camp Crew member will be responsible for operating a clean, safe, sustainable, high quality facility by working with the camp staff to enhance the camp environment and exemplify IDEA's commitment to excellence. This position performs a variety of responsibilities including custodial, carpentry, small machine maintenance and repair, event set up and tear down, wildlife management,
Operate a clean and healthy environment that guarantees an enhanced learning environment.
- Clean the restrooms and headwaters building daily
- Clean the pavilion weekly
- Clean all areas of camp to standards outlined in daily duty chart
- Conduct regular sweeps of buildings and activity areas making notes of where we can improve
- Conduct regular sweeps of trails and teambuilding areas noting anything that needs attention
- Set up and maintain water jugs throughout program days
- Remove trash after meals and take to dumpster and recycling container
Operate a safe camp environment that fosters a sense community
- Operate and maintain camp tools safely
- Ensure that all trails are clear of debris and overgrowth
- Keep maintenance area neat and clean at all times
- Responsible for locking facility areas at the end of the day.
- Immediately report any malfunctioning or broken tool, equipment, or part of the facility
- 90% of SafeSchools training done before end of fiscal year
- Lead students when necessary
- Maintain a positive attitude as a role model for campers
Serve as a substitute when needed
- Learn the different skills that an Instructional Guide knows so that they can act as a substitute
- Retain key knowledge of the activities
- Develop a working relationship with the guides and campers
- Interact with campers on a personal level
- Remain flexible to be able to step in as needed
Assist Operations Manager with Camp Projects
- Spread mulch on trails and roadways as needed
- Move camp furniture to set up for activities and events
- Build camp furniture/items as needed for activity areas
- Work on additional projects as deemed necessary by the Operations Manager.
- Ability to be at work every day
- No more than 5 tardy arrivals and always punctual
- Ability and availability to work longer hours as needed to meet the mission goal
- Capable of adapting to the camps' ever changing needs by demonstrating determination to meet its needs.
We look for Team and Family who embody the following values and characteristics:
- Believes and is committed to our mission and being an agent of change: that all students are capable of getting to and through college
- Has demonstrated effective outcomes and results, and wants to be held accountable for them
- Has a propensity for action, willing to make mistakes by doing in order to learn and improve quickly
- Works with urgency and purpose to drive student outcomes
- Thrives in an entrepreneurial, high-growth environment; is comfortable with ambiguity and change
- Seeks and responds well to feedback, which is shared often and freely across all levels of the organization
- Works through silos and forges strong cross-departmental relationships in order to achieve outcomes
- We believe in education as a profession and hold ourselves to high level of conduct, professionalism and behaviors as models for our colleagues and students.
- Assure campers are properly supervised at all times.
- Develop relationships with campers that promote communication, respect, involvement, and empowerment.
- Instill respect for environment, self, and others.
- Reinforce IDEA's mission of College for All Students.
- Maintain high levels of health and safety in all activities for campers and staff.
- Participate in development and implementation of program activities within the mission and outcomes.
- Willingness to learn and teach a variety of disciplines to varying grade levels.
- Be a role model to campers and staff in both attitude and behavior.
- Openness to observation and critical feedback
- Work duties on camp including maintenance and cleaning duties as assigned.
- Be on time to all scheduled trainings and work days.
- Excitement about working for a school system that is changing the status quo of education in Texas.
- Responsible for equipment maintenance and supplies for assigned activity areas.
- Flexibility handling changes in schedules and activities as required to maintain a high performing program.
- There are no minimum educational requirements for this position
- Working knowledge of power tools and hand tools is preferred.
- Direct work with school age children preferred.
- Custodial experience is preferred
Knowledge and Skills:
- Proven ability to work well with a team, as well as be counted on to complete individual tasks as necessary.
- Proven ability to work well with all age levels (campers ages 6-17 and adults).
- Salaries for this role typically fall between $13.00 and $14.95 per hour commensurate with relevant experience and qualifications.
IDEA Public Schools does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability, in admission or access to, or treatment of employment in its programs and activities. Any person having inquiries concerning the organization's compliance with the regulations implementing Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504), or Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), may contact IDEA Human Resources at _PHONE_.


Quick Answer: What'S A Word For Someone Who Pays Attention To Detail?
Who is a meticulous person?
How do you say you are detail oriented?
What's a word for attention to detail?
meticulousSome common synonyms of meticulous are careful, punctilious, and scrupulous. While all these words mean "showing close attention to detail," meticulous may imply either commendable extreme carefulness or a hampering finicky caution over small points.
What does it mean to pay close attention to detail?
Attention to detail is a talent where one has shown the repeated ability to achieve thoroughness, accuracy, and consistency while using keen observation and concentration when accomplishing a task. …
What does it mean to pay attention to detail?
Definition. Achieves thoroughness and accuracy when accomplishing a task through concern for all the areas involved. Behavioral Indicators. − Provides accurate, consistent numbers on all paperwork.
What is an example of a detail?
How do you explain attention to detail in interview?
Here are a few tips to prove that you are a detail oriented person.Being enthusiastic and energetic.Very focused.Paying attention.Check minute details.Provide examples from past.Explaining previous work experiences.Helping the interviewer understand well.
How is attention to detail a strength?
Detail-oriented strengths give you the ability to work better, to be more effective and to minimize the risk of errors. Companies value and require these strengths, that's why many people include attention to detail capacity on their resumes, CV and job applications.
What are some examples of attention to detail?
10 Examples of Attention To DetailPlanning. Planning a task before you begin such as creating a checklist for a maintenance procedure.Design. Designing things before you create them such as a software developer who develops a software design before they write any code.Communication. … Listening. … Diligence. … Risk. … Refinement.
How do you describe a detail oriented person?
What is attention to detail in workplace?
Attention to detail is the ability to achieve thoroughness and accuracy when accomplishing a task. As many employers seek this skill, it is not surprising to see many students list on their resume that they have 'strong attention to detail'.
Is attention to detail a personality trait?
Attention to detail is generally a good trait that is worth developing, but one must pay attention to how they are applying it to the people around them, lest they find themselves alienated and overwhelmed.
How do you pay attention to detail at work?
For our brain to be able to pay attention to detail, it needs to be well-rested, so it's crucial that you schedule regular breaks. Get up as often as you can and walk around the office, while you should also give yourself mental breaks. Spare a few minutes to read your favourite blog or to look up recipes for dinner.


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The Art House, Wakefield.
Residency period: 3 - 31 January 2018. Exhibition ran until 9 March 2018.
The residency at The Art House was focused on a return to a studio practice and, in particular, drawing. Rich has not had a studio space since graduating in 1998 and over the past twenty years has developed (either by necessity or design) a sculptural practice where a studio is not a requirement. To find himself in a studio space for a significant amount of time gave him the opportunity to explore another side of his practice.
For the residency Rich set himself a series of rules designed to reign in his habitual impulse to make large, physical work and, instead, concentrate on something more intimate and personal. His approach was to restrict materials to A3 paper, ink and water. Although influences were initially drawn from the surrounding area, the resulting drawings took on an evolution of their own as the time and space of the residency allowed for experimentation and risk, repetition and variation.
The initial impetus was to create drawings in a similar way to how he approaches his sculpture - through the use of simple actions repeated over and over again with an element of randomness or chance. There was an emphasis on forms and how these can resonate; evoking memories and reactions. Laying down water and then ink in a particular way created forms with both expected and unexpected results, and repeating these gestures multiple times produced variations with recognisable traits but unique characteristics. Although executed quickly each drawing took several hours to dry. During this period the ink and water continued to mix and flow, with gravity, temperature and the reaction between liquid and paper finishing the work that the hand started.
The drawings themselves are meant to be neither representational nor abstract, rather things in and of themselves. They are not necessarily drawings of sculptures, more sculptural drawings.


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Pub. date: 2010 | Online Pub. Date: November 23, 2010 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412959193 | Print ISBN: 9781412959186 | Online ISBN: 9781412959193| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Abolitionism, according to Stanley Cohen, is a critical thinking movement about criminology, crime, punishment, and criminal law that has been developing in Western Europe since the early 1970s. John Muncie characterizes abolitionism as a knowledge-based movement that seeks to move beyond the essentialist ideas of crime, criminality, and criminal justice to facilitate new critical insights and alternative visions of justice.11 The impetus of the abolitionist movement was dissatisfaction with current crime and criminal justice policy. This discontent was not only with the basic assumptions of criminal justice policies but also with the concrete consequences of criminal justice functioning, according to Louk Hulsman. Abolitionism is based heavily on deconstructionist impulses in the form of the questioning of dominant criminal justice theories and practices. There is no concrete definition of abolitionism. To some, abolition requires doing away with the entire criminal justice system and to others abolition implies the end of penal...


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🚀Accounting Industry Leaps Forward: AI and Data Analytics Shape Its Future📊
TL;DR; The President of the Fiji Institute of Chartered Accountants (FICA) encourages members to explore emerging technologies, including AI and data analytics, to drive a new era in the accounting industry. The FICA Congress will discuss these technologies and their potential to revolutionize the field. 🌐💡
As the world propels forward on the digital highway, industry leaders are urging their peers to explore new horizons. One such advocate is Tarlochan Singh, President of the Fiji Institute of Chartered Accountants (FICA). Singh is nudging the accounting industry towards a digital transformation, encouraging the exploration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics. 🚀💻
As Singh underlines, "There's a lot of talk about digitalization over the last decade but it hasn't kicked off to the magnitude it can." How ready is the accounting industry to embrace this digital transformation? Are professionals prepared to adopt new tools and upskill, embracing a mindset of continuous learning?
AI and data analytics, Singh believes, will require accountants and related industries to adapt, upskill, and adopt a mindset of continuous learning. This perspective aligns with the wider global trend of digital transformation across various sectors. But the question remains: Can the traditionally conservative accounting industry readily adapt to these changes? 🤔💼
The FICA Congress, scheduled for June 23rd and 24th at the Shangri-La Fijian Resort and Spa in Yanuca Island, Sigatoka, will address these questions. The forum will focus on the practicality and potential of AI, robotics, and other innovative technologies in the accounting field. How these technologies can bridge gaps in the industry will be a key topic of discussion.
Singh's stance reflects a broader shift in the business world, with industries across the globe undergoing significant digital transformations. As more and more sectors leverage the power of AI and data analytics, they're also facing the challenges of adaptation and upskilling. But is the accounting industry lagging behind in this digital race? Can the FICA Congress propel it forward? 🌐🏁
While Singh's call to action is clear, it also underlines a larger narrative: the role of AI and data analytics in transforming industries. As we continue to explore the potential of these technologies, we must also ponder the implications for the workforce and society at large. Are we ready to embrace this change, and what will it mean for the future of work? 🌍🔮
First seen at FBC News.
Ending Question: As AI and data analytics reshape the accounting landscape, how can professionals equip themselves to navigate this digital shift? What will be the broader social implications of such a transformation? 🧩🗺


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Illustration by Nancy Klaud
A Case Study
Savanna blazing star is adapted to more shade and disturbance than other blazing stars as a result of its preference for the open, fire-prone oak woodlands it inhabits.
Life History: Perennial
Illinois Status: Rare (not listed)
Populations monitored: 14
Subpopulations monitored: 29
Counties monitored: 3
Savanna blazing star is native to the eastern and midwestern United States. Ranging in height from 2 to 5 feet, the stem has densely arranged alternate, oblong leaves, and is topped with a magenta, spike-like inflorescence. Each inflorescence has 10 to 40 large flowering heads that bloom from the top downward1,2.
Habitat And Range
Savanna blazing star is found from New York southwest to Arkansas, and north into Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Savanna blazing star is more shade tolerant than other blazing stars, growing in oak savannas, rocky glades, and pine savannas1. In northeastern Illinois, this species is found in remnant savannas on well-drained morainic ridges2,3.
Savanna blazing star blooms from late summer through mid-fall, and is pollinated by numerous butterflies, skippers, and moths. This perennial has a corm-like root that is eaten by rodents and insects1,4. An inhabitant of the now rare tallgrass savanna, it has been shown to compete poorly with big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), a prairie grass that can form dense rhizomatous colonies. Instead, this species prefers associating with less competitive grasses and bur and white oaks, and benefits from regular disturbance, specifically fire3,4,5.
Midwestern oak savannas experienced a devastating loss of range after European settlement6. Only 0.02% of the original 11 to 13 million hectares were estimated to remain in 19857, and it seems evident that savanna blazing star populations were impacted by this loss of habitat3. Although a number of populations are now protected, loss of habitat through lack of management continues to be a threat. Without management that provides regular disturbance, especially fire, competition with other species can exclude savanna blazing star3,4,5.
After years of taxonomic uncertainty, savanna blazing star was recognized as a distinct variety in Illinois in 19883. The following year it was added to the Illinois threatened species list. In 2015 it was removed from Illinois's list of endangered and threatened species because it was considered by the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board to have experienced sufficient recovery or to be more common than previously thought8,9.
Monitoring & Research
Since 2003, POC has monitored this species at 13 sites across three Illinois counties, and at one site in northwest Indiana. These efforts resulted in monitoring of more and larger populations than were previously known. An analysis of management effects and spatial trends was undertaken in 201410. We found that in Cook County alone, 68 percent of the savanna blazing star's preferred soil type had been developed, but the majority POC-monitored populations were growing over time. This growth seemed related to restoration activities. Growing populations had less brush encroachment than declining populations. And while no strong correlation was found between the frequency of prescribed burning and population growth, populations in decline had not been burned, while all but one growing population had been burned.
Future analysis using POC's spatial data can identify potentially suitable locations, where soil conditions and land cover could have supported populations historically, or where restoration of this species may be appropriate.
Data collected by Plants of Concern is increasing what we know about how management affects populations, which in turn can help managers more efficiently protect and restore this species. Encouragingly, POC-monitored populations seem to be growing and benefitting from restoration activities, and this trend is reflected in removal of the species from Illinois' list of threatened and endangered species.
However, these populations are part of the significantly diminished and fragmented oak savanna ecosystem and so suffer from fragmentation themselves. Monitoring by POC can help to detect changes in population trends, and our collaborations with landowners and state agencies will continue ensuring that this data gets to those who need it most.


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Local Government Profile
Hazard and vulnerability profile
In implementing the flood protection and mitigation, BMA set up Flood Control Center as a flood
protection information center of which main networking station is located on the 6th floor of Department of
Drainage and Sewerage, BMA Office 2 in Din Daeng district and other 75 sub-stations are installed at pump
stations and water gates across Bangkok, on the east and west sides of Chao Praya river.
Flood Control Center (FCC) which supervises the hydrological conditions linking directly with the radar
of Meteorology Department and of BMA. FCC has been serving as a decision making tools for DDS flood
protection teams for accurate and immediate directive to solve flood problems effectively.
Monitoring stations monitor real time data of rainfall, water levels, pumps operation, water gates
operation and water quality were installed and later were increased into 75 stations. In addition to this, the
department is now implementing a flood forecasting program aiming at forecasting rainfall intensity and flood
forecasting in 650 km2 of the east bank area which will enable BMA staffs to forecasting flood condition 3-6
hours in advance.
Moreover, FCC serves people with the flood forecasting news and the flood protection and solution. We
use several communication tools in informing people and communities such as radio broadcasting, traffic
billboards and BMA's website.
Disaster Risk Reduction Activities
Due to rapid urbanization of Bangkok, waterbody such as ponds, wells, canals, and ditches were filled up and replaced
by buildings and other structures. This often caused flooding and became a severe problem accordingly. The major
flooding in Bangkok in the past were in the years 1942, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1995, and 1996. Flooding in the year
1983 was considered the most severe and caused great damage which cost around 6,600 million baht
The causes of flood are as follows:
- Heavy rainfall in short period of time results in inability to immediately drain water from roads, lanes and
houses causing temporary flooding.
- Run-off from the northern and eastern parts flowing through Bangkok due to the slope of ground level. This
mostly causes flooding problem in the eastern part of Bangkok
- Excessive run-off from the North and Chao Phraya River Basin flowing through Bangkok to the sea causing
overflow and flooding in the area.
- The effect of high tide from the sea which occurred in the same time of excessive run-off from the North
through Bangkok causing high water level in Chao Phraya river.
- Land subsidence due to pumping of large amount of underground water which makes the area subside to the
level lower than mean sea level causing difficulty in draining of inundation.
- Insufficient drainage system
The documents have been posted as received. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities.


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Buttons that are used for navigation should be coded as anchor links, and those that submit forms as
button elements — each will be styled identically by the framework.
In the main content block of a page, you can style any anchor link as a button by adding the
data-role="button" to the link. The framework will add all necessary classes to style the link as a button. For example, this markup:
Link button
Produces this link-based button:Link button
For ease of styling, the framework automatically converts any
button element or
input with a
image into a custom styled link-based button — there is no need to add the
The original form-based button is hidden, but remains in the markup. When a click event fires on a link button, it triggers a click on the original form button.
Button based button:
Input type="button" based button:
Input type="submit" based button:
Input type="reset" based button:
Input type="image" based button:


New eco-friendly cement from UBC withstands earthquakes estimated for Victoria and Vancouver
With the threat of "The Big Onepresent in the minds of people in the lower mainland, it comes as no surprise that researchers are looking for various retrofitting options for at-risk buildings.
Dr. Nemkumar Banthia, a professor in the department of civil engineering, and Salman Soleimani-Dashtaki, a PhD candidate in the department of civil engineering, have been working to develop an alternative concrete compound that will be a cost-effective option for seismic upgrades.
The concrete compound developed by Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki is called eco-friendly ductile cementitious composite (EDCC). The compound is more eco-friendly than other types of concrete due to the amount of cement used.
Cement production is a highly polluting industry because there is a one-to-one ratio between cement and carbon dioxide production — when one tonne of cement is produced, one tonne of carbon dioxide is also produced. Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki were able to reduce the amount of cement to 30 per cent of what is commonly used by replacing cement with industrial byproducts such as fly ash, silica fume from silicon production and slag from metal refinement.
Fly ash is a byproduct from coal burning industries and, more often than not, will be unsustainably disposed of. The byproduct will usually be taken to landfills where it will create an alkaline environment that is unsuitable for many organisms.
By replacing 70 per cent of the cement used in the EDCC compound with fly ash, less fly ash will remain in landfills.
"Fly ash is actually one of the best materials you can supplement cement with. They go very well together and you can easily replace a big chunk of this [cement]," said Soleimani-Dashtaki.
During an earthquake, there is a lot of motion that the building structure and materials must withstand. The EDCC compound was designed to withstand deformation during an earthquake without collapsing.
To adjust for deformation, the material should be flexible, which Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki achieved with the addition of polymer-based fibres to the compound. Modelled after steel, the compound contains fibres of various lengths, which allow the compound to bend during an earthquake rather than fracturing.
To test the concrete compound, the researchers had ten walls undergo a simulated earthquake scenario. Four of the walls were tested without retrofitting and six with either single, or double sided retrofitting with the compound. They would then scale the intensity of the simulation to an earthquake in a particular target city — Tohoku city in Japan for example — and continue to raise the intensity until the wall collapsed.
The retrofitted walls were able to withstand a simulation of the Tohoku, Japan magnitude 9.0-9.1 earthquake that occurred in March 2017. They were also able to withstand earthquakes scaled to intensities higher than those estimated for Victoria and Vancouver, with some not breaking until a non-earthquake motion was applied.
► Play video
Courtesy UBC Public Affairs
The compound can be applied using a spray-on technique to form a thin layer on interior walls.
In particular, the compound is targeted for non-load bearing partitioning walls often used in commercial buildings. The hollow blocks are beneficial for sound and heat insulation, but do not provide stability to the overall structure. Although the partitions are easy to build, they become a hazard during an earthquake because they collapse and create debris.
"Those typical walls, usually about 80 to 90 per cent of the time, get completely removed and replaced with different partitioning systems like metal stalls and drywall," said Soleimani-Dashtaki.
By using the spray-on EDCC compound to retrofit walls instead of full replacement, costs for repairs are lowered and the amount of waste created is minimized.
"I'm not really sure about how it works, but obviously it would be good — it would save a lot of money for repairs and prevent loss of life," said Daniela Martin, a third year civil engineering student.
As a demonstration of the applicability of the compound, Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki are working with structural engineers to implement EDCC in the Dr. Annie B. Jamieson elementary school in Vancouver and another school in India.
The compound has now been included in the third edition of the Seismic Upgrade Guidelines as an available option for masonry. With such recognition and cost effectiveness, the compound will be able to become a more viable option for countries across the world, including at-risk buildings in developing areas.
A previous version of this article used cement and concrete interchangeably. The Ubyssey regrets this error.


Different Options for Binding Your Booklets
Binding is the process that transforms your stack of printed papers into an effective marketing booklet. Knowing the different options you can go with in booklet binding gives you control on how bulky your booklet will be or how formal the final output of your booklet will be. Most importantly, though, booklet binding decides how long your booklet will last against strain before coming apart. There are three general alternatives to booklet binding, each of which having its own advantages and disadvantages.
Punch and Bind. As the name implies, this method of booklet binding involves punching out holes in your prints and covers and using different materials, such as rings and wires, through these holes in order to attach the pages of your booklets together. Some examples of this are ring binding, comb binding, and spiral binding, and all of these make use of different binding materials that each have their own uses. For example, ring binding is more advisable for booklets that are continuously updated, while spiral binding takes the spine durability into consideration. There are other types of punch and bind booklet binding, but the differences merely lie in the number of holes and the type of binding material.
Stitched Binding. The basic idea behind stitched binding is to create a booklet that would have durable bindings without the need for hard covers. Saddle-stitched binding is one example of this, and this method staples pages along the fold crease while the pages are still flat, thus creating a strong bind once folded. Effort-wise, stitched binding may or may not have the edge over the other printing methods, but whatever the effort exerted for this is worth it. The advantage of this is good durability versus its cost, while a disadvantage is that the pages do not lie completely flat.
Thermally Activated. This binding technique is the only one among these three that makes use of glue or resin in order to bind the pages together, and this has just about the same number of methods under it as the punch and bind method. Perfect binding, tape binding, and thermal binding are a few examples of thermally activated booklet binding methods. Just as the main difference between the punch and bind techniques are in the holes and the binding materials, the main difference between the thermally activated techniques are the type of glue used and the process followed in using this glue to bind the pages.
Choosing a booklet binding technique for your promotional booklet is akin to deciding how durable you want your booklets to be. There is no such thing as a perfect or the best booklet binding method, all things considered, but understanding how this works will help you quite a bit in perfecting your prints.
Shop Booklets


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NASPA – Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education is excited to introduce the Advising Success Network. The Advising Success Network, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, is a partnership among higher education organizations and leaders who believe advising is the bright star in a constellation of student support services.
The Advising Success Network is facilitated by NASPA and comprised of Achieving the Dream (ATD), the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU), EDUCAUSE, NACADA: The Global Community for Academic Advising, and the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transition. Kevin Kruger, president of NASPA, had this to say about the launch of the Advising Success Network, "One of the biggest challenges facing higher education is to bring student success innovations to scale across a wide range of institutions. The Advising Success Network is perfectly positioned to do just that and to drive innovations in advising reform that will have a significant impact on the educational outcomes for tens of thousands of students."
As institutions work toward completion agendas, they are moving away from understanding academic advising solely as an academic transaction. Many institutions are revisiting how advising roles can serve students more comprehensively. The mission of the network is to identify, build, and scale effective advising solutions across the field of higher education to ensure academic, career, and personal success for all students, with a focus on low-income students and students of color. This shift toward holistic support requires institution-wide reflection on the current student experience from recruitment through graduation, change and leadership management, and the strategic use of technology. Academic advising is one of the most impactful levers in this landscape, where 6-year graduation rates for full-time students hover at 55% (Tyton, 2015).
The Advising Success Network will provide thought leadership, resources, and services to advance academic advising as a tool for helping institutions pursue equity and excellence in their support of students. The network will cultivate a list of resources, including case studies and research, and share these resources via a public website by mid-2020. To learn more, contact Sara Ackerson, Assistant Director of Advising Initiatives at _EMAIL_.


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The Chinook Arch
November 14, 2001
The above photo was taken at evening twilight in Calgary, Alberta by Jeff McIntosh. On the lee (eastern) side of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and the province of Alberta in Canada, chinook winds occasionally bring respite from cold weather. Chinook is an Indian name meaning "snow eater." These warm, westerly winds result from downslope winds - air moving across the Rocky Mountains and down onto the prairies. During those cold, dull gray winter days, Albertans sometimes look toward the mountains for the Chinook Arch, a curved patch of blue sky (as shown above) that indicates that warm winds are approaching. Over this past weekend, a strong chinook was felt in Alberta and Montana. Chinooks typically occur from early November to late March.


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Ever since the Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell made his first phone call on March 10, 1876, the words: "Mr. Watson - Come here - I want to see you" became legendary. At the time, his assistant was next door and Bell didn't really have to dial a number as there were only two phone sets in the world.
The expansion of telephone network in Europe started in 1881, when the American Bell Telephone Company signed a contract with Russia to create phone networks in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, Odessa, Riga and Lodz, and has not stopped since. By 1890, there were already 26,000 phones in Great Britain, and 22,000 in Germany.
There were numerous attempts to create a cable connection between the United States and Europe and in 1953 the laying of the first successful transatlantic telephone cables began, making it possible for Americans to call Europe.
Today, Europe has a vast phone network, covering almost every corner of the continent, with both fixed and cellular phones. What was once Bell's dream became reality in the 21st century.
Here is the list of telephone calling codes for 39 European countries.


text:
K - 3
Grades K-3 (Ages 5-9)
The Flying Jazz Kittens
by Sherry Luchette
The Flying Jazz Kittens Book/CD set contains music and ideas to explore jazz style rhythms and beginning improvisation activities for children in the elementary music classroom, PreK-8.
It is designed for the elementary music teacher who is looking for some fun, hands-on activities in the area of jazz music to incorporate into their curriculum. No prior jazz experience is necessary. All of the activities in this book have been tested in the music classroom and edited with the help of other music teachers, jazz musicians and many classroom experiments.
Freddie the Frog® and the Flying Jazz Kitten
by Sharon Burch, illustrated by Tiffany Harris
Freddie the Frog® finds adventure again when some cool jazz cats fly their plane to Treble Clef Island to pick up a new horn. With the help of the Flying Jazz Kitten and a swingin' beat, Freddie becomes a jazz sensation. Freddie the Frog® and the Flying Jazz Kitten introduces children to jazz through interactive scat. The enclosed audio CD includes the dramatized story, sing-along songs and an instrumental blues track to create your own special scat. Ages 4-9.
Now's the Time
Teaching Jazz to All Ages and the companion CD
By Doug Goodkin
Music educator Doug Goodkin makes a compelling case for including jazz in every child's education and offers a sequential approach for teaching it to all ages. Combining theory and practice, this book includes:
- Integration with the Orff approach to music education
- A developmental sequence for children between 3 and 14 years old applicable to beginners of all ages
- Games, songs, speech pieces, body percussion and movement activities
- Roots music, jazz blues, jazz standards and jazz compositions arranged for Orff instruments and other ensembles
- Essential jazz theory and key historical, cultural and aesthetic background
- A Middle School jazz curriculum with sample student work.
By Shelly Berg, Margaret Fitzgerald, and Kimberly McCord
Chop-Monster Jr. is a teacher's handbook that clearly outlines how to teach jazz to elementary classroom music students. No prior jazz experience is necessary for teachers or students. Imaginative call-and-response activities, movement, and circle games teach young people how to sing and play JAZZ! Students will be able to groove to and play jazz "swing" beats; vocalize and play swing eighth-notes; communicate musically through call-and-response; scat-sing and improvise one-, twoand three-note phrases; independently perform kid-sized jazz works.
Jazz it Up!
By Susie Davies-Splitter and Phil Splitter
This collection features 10 songs by Susie Davies-Splitter and Phil Splitter, Australian music and jazz educators. K-8 students will sing, improvise and move to these jazzy tunes. The songs use a variety of elements of jazz - call-response, scat singing, improvisation, rhythm and blues with accompaniments by Australian music educators Susie & Phil. Activities are provided for each song at a variety of levels, so that the songs can be used for K-6. The songs can be performed with the performance/accompaniment CD, or the students can play many of the accompaniments using the Orff arrangements that are given. The collection includes reproducible vocals making this a very economical way to purchase vocal jazz music for your K-6 classroom or your elementary choir.
Jazz Cats Recorder
By Brad Keller and Bonnie Rossa
This illustrated collection of 6 easy-medium jazz pieces for beginning and intermediate recorder players will teach your students about various jazz styles by playing jazzy pieces on the recorder. The kit includes reproducible song sheets, coloring pages for each song, a performance/accompaniment CD, and PowerPoints.
Jammin' With The Jazz Cats
By Brad Keller and Bonnie Rossa
Jamin' With the Jazz Cats Orff book and CD's systematically teaches 3rd-5th grade students to improvise stylistically correct solos. The songs and teaching processes internalize the unique rhythmic vocabulary of jazz. The 9-13 CD tracks for each song provide teachers with an easy and foolproof modeling and practice experience for their students. The teaching process and comprehensive CD tracks ensure that teachers without any previous jazz experience will confidently and effectively teach their students to improvise and perform.
Exploring the Blues
Composer: Bradley Shank
Composer: Tom Anderson
Here is a valuable all-in-one resource that will help you introduce your students to this great American art form. Originally developed for Music Alive magazine, each topic includes a reproducible student article, reproducible activity pages (including listening maps, worksheets and other enrichment ideas), and a detailed National Standards-based lesson plan. All musical examples are included on the enclosed CD. Topics include: Birth of the Blues (W.C. Handy), Early Blues Guitarists (Charlie Patton, Robert Johnson and others), Women and the Blues, Now and Then ("Ma" Rainey, Dinah Washington, Aretha Franklin and others), The Blues Begin to Rock (Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Eric Clapton and others), Blues Across America, and a special section on blues greats: Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker and B.B. King. Available: Book/CD Pak (w/ reproducible pages).
Click here for Jazz Books and Storybooks for Grades PreK-6
Share a Jazz Teaching Tip or Lesson Idea
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text:
Sugar in the Blood: A Family's Story of Slavery and Empire by Andrea Stuart – review
An absorbing but uneven family memoir taking in both sides of the Barbadian slave trade and its legacy — (_URL_ review)
Modern Britain was built on sugar; there is hardly a manufacturing town on these shores that was not in some way connected with the "Africa trade". The glittering prosperity of slave ports such as Bristol and Liverpool was derived in large part from commerce with Africa.
In the heyday of the British slave trade, from 1700 to 1808, West Indians (as white sugar barons were then known) became conspicuous by their new wealth. Often they cast Barbados or Jamaica aside like a sucked orange in order to fritter their profits in England. A popular melodrama of 1771, Richard Cumberland's The West Indian, satirised planters as drunken layabouts in ostentatiously buckled shoes and hats. Continue reading


SW Legal Educational Publishing
Direct Link to Physical Injury Not Needed to Prove Emotional Distress
Description Iowa high court held that in a case in which a driver suffered physical injury and later emotional trauma from a traffic accident, expert testimony was needed to show emotional distress, but for there to be recovery there does not need to be a direct link between the physical injury suffered and the emotional distress.
Topic Torts
Key Words Emotional Distress; Physical Injury
C A S E S U M M A R Y
Facts Roling, the driver of a semi-truck, suffered broken ribs and other injuries when a car crossed the center line and ran into his truck. The two occupants of the car were both killed. Roling was depressed by the accident and kept having flashbacks to seeing the mangled bodies. He saw a psychologist for two years. He sued the estates of the deceased for causing the accident for his physical injury and emotional distress. The jury awarded him $151,186, but the judge overturned the verdict, holding that he did not show there was a relationship between his physical injuries and the emotional distress, nor did he have expert testimony to prove his physical injuries. Roling appealed.
Decision Reversed. In such a case, the plaintiff does not have to have an expert witness testify as to the fact of his physical injuries; the record on that was clear. In cases claiming emotional distress, expert testimony at trial is required. Damages for negligent infliction of emotional distress are usually denied unless accompanied by some physical injury. Testimony of the psychologist that the accident caused depression and other mental problems was sufficient to establish a causal connection between the negligence of the other party and Roling's emotional injuries. The emotional distress recovery is not for observing the horrifying aftermath of the accident, but for the later emotional condition caused by the accident.
Citation Roling v. Daily, 596 N.W.2d 72 (Sup. Ct., Iowa, 1999)
Back to Torts Listings
©_PHONE_ South-Western, All Rights Reserved


text:
I'm solving English grammar exam (MCQ) and one of the questions there is about the next sentence:
This car is my car, and that car is Tom's.
According to what I know the possessive s should come before the name rather than after him or in the end of sentence. Therefore it should be Tom's car rather than car Tom's. Then I'm not sure if what I see in the exam is just a mistake or it has explanation.


+1 Recommend
0 collections
 - Record: found
 - Abstract: not found
 - Article: not found
 Differential effects of testosterone and progesterone on the activation and retention of courtship behavior in sexual and parthenogenetic whiptail lizards
 ,,,
 Hormones and Behavior
 Elsevier BV
 Read this article at
 Both testosterone (T) and progesterone (P) facilitate the expression of male-typical sexual behavior in a variety of animals, including rodents and lizards. In two species of whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus and C. uniparens, both hormones elicit the full repertoire of courtship behavior. However, the relative efficacy of the two hormones is unknown. In Experiments 1 and 2 we assessed differences in capacity of exogenous T and P to induce male-typical courtship behavior in gonadectomized whiptail lizards. In both species, individuals implanted with T showed more frequent courtship behavior relative to those implanted with P or cholesterol. In Experiments 3 and 4 we examined whether T and P differentially affected the retention of courtship behavior following implant removal. In both species, individuals implanted with T showed more courtship behavior following implant removal than those previously given P. In these experiments, implants were removed at a time when individuals in both groups were behaviorally similar; therefore, the differences in behavior following implant removal were not due to differences in the amount of courtship experience. Taken together, the hormone that was more effective at activating courtship behavior was also more effective at maintaining courtship behavior following implant removal. In summary, though both T and P can elicit identical sexual behaviors in both whiptail species, T has a greater and more lasting effect on courtship behavior and possibly on the neural circuits underlying courtship behavior.
 Related collections
 Author and article information
 Hormones and Behavior
 Hormones and Behavior
 Elsevier BV
 May 2003
 May 2003
 : 43
 : 5
 : 523-530
 © 2003
 Comment on this article


text:
Because of its current listing as CITES 1, avian experts prefer for blue-streaked lories to be placed into well-managed breeding programs to ensure the continued survival of the species. Owners of this species as pets note that they are loving companions and make excellent, quiet pets. People who have owned this species note that blue-streaked lories are loving and affectionate and very playful. They often "dance" by fluffing up their feathers and hopping.
Because blue-streaked lories are active birds, they need as large a cage as possible with plenty of toys to keep them occupied. Part of their diet should consist of good-quality nectar. Blue-streaked lories have a tendency to squirt waste matter and, because their diets contain nectar, the fairly liquid-like waste can make the surrounding area near the pet bird cage dirty. Easy-to-wipe surfaces near the cage, or an aviary where waste can be easily washed off, are good housing options.


Readline-5.1 released
Chet Ramey
Fri Dec 9 18:24:00 GMT 2005
The first public release of the GNU Readline library, version
5.1, is now available for FTP with the URLs
and from the usual GNU mirror sites.
This distribution is essentially a standalone version of the
readline library that appears in Bash-3.1 together with an
'autoconf' framework. The documentation has been updated and
and History manuals are included. A list of changes in this
release is appended to this announcement.
GNU Readline is a library which provides programs with an input
facility including command-line editing and history. Editing
commands similar to both emacs and vi are included. The GNU
History library, which provides facilities for managing a list of
previously-typed command lines and an interactive command line
as separately.
Diffs from readline-5.0 are not available.
Please send readline bug reports to
This document details the changes between this version, readline-5.1,
and the previous version, readline-5.0.
1. Changes to Readline
a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
 line correctly.
c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
 than the last line in the history list.
e. Fixed the vi-mode '~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
f. Fixed the vi-mode 'r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
 string when it contains multibyte characters.
i. A non-zero value for the 'rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
 no '/' to be appended to a directory name.
j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
 multibyte characters.
k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a '?' substring when performing
 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
 of the 'convert-meta' variable.
n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
 characters correctly.
o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
 additional input.
r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
 callback mode.
t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
u. The 'change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
v. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
w. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
x. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
y. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
 not work correctly.
z. Fixed the vi-mode 'U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
 was entered, as Posix specifies.
aa. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode 'r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
bb. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
cc. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
 wrong keymap in vi mode.
2. New Features in Readline
 bound to delete-char.
 completion list.
 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
 to this in vi command mode.
e. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
f. The 'C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
g. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
h. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
 before checking them.
i. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
 what the kernel returns.
( ''Discere est Dolere'' -- chet )
 Live Strong.
Chet Ramey, ITS, CWRU
Unsubscribe info:
Problem reports:
More information about the Cygwin mailing list


text:
Gδ set A countable intersection of open sets. See Fσ set.
Gauss equations A system of partial differential equations arising in the theory of surfaces. If M is a surface in R3 with local coordinates (u1, u2), its geometric invariants can be described by its first fundamental form gij (u
1, u2), and second fundamental form Lij (u
1, u2). The Christoffel symbols kij are determined by the first fundamental form. In order for functions gij and Lij, i, j = 1, 2 to be the first and second fundamental forms of a surface, certain integrability conditions (arising from equality of mixed partial derivatives) must be satisfied. One set of conditions, the Gauss equations, relate the determinant of the second fundamental form to an expression involving only the first fundamental form (and its first and second partial derivatives). See also Christoffel symbols, first fundamental form.


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Michi's blog » Recursively counting numbers with fixed bit counts
 Recursively counting numbers with fixed bit counts
 - May 13th, 2012
 - 1:04 am
Write a function
uint64_t bitsquares(uint64_t a, uint64_t b);
The key insight I had was that whenever you try to find the number of numbers with a bitcount matching some element of some list within the bounds of 0b0000…0000 and 0b000…01111…11, then it reduces to a simple binomial coefficient — n choose k gives the number of numbers with k bits set among the n last. Furthermore, we can reduce the total size of the problem by removing a matching prefix from the two numbers we test from.
Hence, we trace how many bits off the top agree between the two numbers. We count the set bits among these, subtract them from each representative in the list of squares, giving us the counts we need to hit in the remainder.
Write a' for a with the agreeing prefix removed, and similarly for b'. Then the total count is the count for the reduced things from a' to 0b000…01…111 plus the count for the reduced things from 0 to b'. The reduction count for b' needs to be 1 larger than the one for a' since in one case, we are working with the prefix before the varying bit increases, and in the other, we work with the prefix after the varying bit increases — the latter count is not really from 0 to b', but this is a useful proxy for the count from 0b0000…010…000 to b' with the additional high bit set.
In code, I managed to boil this down to:
import Data.Word
import Data.Bits
import Data.List (elemIndices)
bitsquare :: Word64 -> Word64 -> Word64bitsquare a b = bitcountin a b squares -- # integers in [a,b] with square # of 1
squares = [1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64] :: [Word64]
allones = [fromIntegral (2^k - 1) | k <- [1..64]]
choose n 0 = 1
choose 0 k = 0
choose n k = (choose (n-1) (k-1)) * n 'div' k
popCount :: Word64 -> Word64
popCount w = sum [1 | x <- [0..63], testBit w x]
-- # integers in [a,b] with 1-counts in counts
bitcountin :: Word64 -> Word64 -> [Word64] -> Word64
bitcountin a b counts
| a > b = 0
| a == b = if popCount b 'elem' counts then 1 else 0 | (a == 0) && (b 'elem' allones) = sum [choose n k | n <- [popCount b], k <- c
| otherwise = (bitcountin a' low [c-lobits | c <- counts, c>= lobits]) +
(bitcountin hi b' [c-hibits | c <- counts, c>= hibits])
agreements = [(testBit a n) == (testBit b n) | n <- [0..63]]
agreeI = elemIndices False agreements
prefixIndex = last agreeI
prefixCount = sum [1 | x <- [prefixIndex..63], testBit a x]
a' = a.&. (2^prefixIndex - 1)
b' = b.&. (2^prefixIndex - 1)
low = 2^prefixIndex - 1
hi = 0
lobits = prefixCount
hibits = prefixCount+1
5 People had this to say...
 - James Cook
 - May 14th, 2012
 - 17:49
For what it's worth, it's much simpler if you start off by defining a single-variable version of the problem (i.e., calculate bitSquareLTE n = bitsquare 0 n, and then just define the range version by subtraction.
An implementation of that approach is here:
 - Sam
 - May 14th, 2012
 - 18:00
I solved this in C instead. It is a bit wonky since you need to be careful to avoid integer overflow when you compute binomial coefficients (it's better to just memoize Pascal's triangle), but gcc's __builtin_clzl() comes in handy for the actual puzzle. You can simplify the algorithm at the cost of slightly increased runtime by defining the function 'bitCount 0 b counts' instead and then defining the full function by subtraction.
 - Noah Easterly
 - May 14th, 2012
 - 18:41
popCount is already defined in Data.Bits.
 - Sam
 - May 14th, 2012
 - 19:41
P.S. I know that redefining bitCount to subtract is cheating, because the problem asks for an O(log(b-a)) solution. However, 'bitCount a a k' tells you how whether the population count of a is k or not; I don't think that this can be done in constant time if k and a go to infinity.
 - Michi
 - May 15th, 2012
 - 18:38
_USER_: I know; however, it wasn't in the version of the Haskell Platform I was working on. Hence my inclusion of the code.
Everyone else: Sure, I can see how the one-parameter version simplifies thinking about the problem. But it seems a bit wasteful to traverse the entire (underlying) bit decision tree when you only need to look at the span between the numbers given…
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Skip to definition.
Verb: vex veks
 1. Cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations
 "Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really vexes me";
 - annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark [Brit], nettle, gravel [US], chafe, devil
 2. Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress
 "I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is vexing me";
 - worry
 3. Change the arrangement or position of
 - agitate, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up
 4. Subject to prolonged examination, discussion, or deliberation
 "vex the subject of the death penalty"
 5. Be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly
 "a vexing problem";
 - confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate, perplex, stick, get, puzzle, mystify, baffle, beat, pose, bewilder, flummox, stupefy, nonplus, gravel, dumbfound
Derived forms: vexes, vexed, vexing
Type of: be, cark, debate, deliberate, disorder, displace, displease, disquiet, distract, move, perturb, trouble, unhinge
Encyclopedia: Vex, Switzerland