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The Battle of Fort Macon or, better, the Siege of Fort Macon took place from 23 March to 26 April 1862, on the Outer Banks of Carteret County, North Carolina. It was part of Union Army General Ambrose E. Burnside's North Carolina expedition during the American Civil War.
In late March, Major General Burnside's army advanced on Fort Macon, a casemated masonry fort that commanded the channel to Beaufort, 35 miles southeast of New Bern. The Union force invested the fort with siege works and on 25 April opened an accurate fire on the fort, soon breaching the masonry walls. Within a few hours the fort's scarp began to collapse, and in late afternoon the Confederate commander, Colonel Moses J. White, ordered the raising of a white flag. Burnside's terms of surrender were accepted, and the Federal troops took possession of the fort the next morning.


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I would like to ask if anybody knows any result on the least number of edges the maximum simple cycle of connected cubic bridgeless graphs, must have. Thanks
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1 Answer 1
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So you are looking for the circumference of a connected cubic bridgeless graph $G$. Since a bridgeless cubic graph is immediately 2-connected, Bondy and Entringer showed in the paper
Longest cycles in 2-connected graphs with prescribed maximum degree, Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 1980,
that $G$ contains a cycle of length at least $4 (\log_2 n - \log_2\log_2 n - 5)$. And a graph which meets the bound is provided in the result Über längste Kreise in regulären Graphen by Lang and Walther, so this is the best possible.
For the reference, see Longest cycles in 3-connected cubic graphs by Bill Jackson. If the graph is 3-connected, then the bound can be improved to $\Omega(n^c)$ with $c\approx 0.69$, and there are efficient algorithm approximately finding a long cycle in $G$.
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Hsien-Chih the bound you provide is negative for n<256, so for most practical graphs – N27 Jan 10 '11 at 3:12
_USER_: Oops so you need a bound for small size graphs. Maybe you can put the requirement in your question, and there may be someone who knows the answer. (I have no idea what the bound is when the graph is small, it seems like the result above is for sufficiently large n.) – Hsien-Chih Chang 張顯之 Jan 10 '11 at 3:29
_USER_-Chih There is something wrong with this bound obviously, since for 100,000 vertices it gives a cycle of length 30. Maybe they refer to something else in their publication. However, this problem doesn't seem trivial. – N27 Jan 10 '11 at 3:33
_USER_: I'm not sure if the bound is wrong. There are cubic bridgeless graphs with a large number of nodes with small maximum cycle. Take this graph for example. (This graph may not meet our bound, but it gives intuition.) – Hsien-Chih Chang 張顯之 Jan 10 '11 at 3:50
@ Hsien-Chih Chang, actually I learned what I wanted from the example of Dr. Eppstein, since what I needed was a counterexample of a cubic bridgeless graph with a max simple cycle of less than n/2 vertices. – N27 Jan 12 '11 at 5:31
Your Answer


text:
In nanostructured, textured, hard magnetic materials so-called interaction domains occur. These are different in nature to the conventional magnetic domain structures we know from coarse grained materials e.g. sintered magnets. Interaction domains arise from the magnetic coupling between grains whose sizes are about equal to or smaller than the critical single-domain particle size, dc. For Nd2Fe14B, dc ~ 200-300 nm [Sagawa1984]. Interaction domains may encompass many such nanoscale grains (Fig. 1). Hot deformation has been employed to produce nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets containing interaction domains
Figure 1: Relation between microstructure and domain structure in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B-based magnets. Well-pronounced interaction domains encompass several grains.
Though the phenomenon of interaction domains was recognized 55 years ago in elongated single-domain iron particles embedded in a nonmagnetic matrix [Craik1960], fundamental questions are still unanswered e.g. what is the nature of the boundaries between interaction domains? The boundaries cannot be conventional domain walls (Bloch walls or Néel walls) because they tend to be located at grain boundaries (structural discontinuities) rather than within a grain. Conventional domain walls are governed by the anisotropy constant K and the exchange constant A, whereas interaction domain boundaries may have other important influences.
For magnetic domain observations two methods are used. First Kerr microscopy which is suitable in order to study a large sample area and also to visualize all magnetization directions. Due to the resolution limit of about 200-300nm, Kerr microscopy cannot reveal very small features and in cases where high resolution is needed, Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is employed. In Figure 2 domain images of both techniques are compared.
Figure 2: (a) Kerr image and (b) MFM image of a hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B sample with same scale, (c) enlarged MFM image and (d) secondary electron image of a fracture surface with same scale.
The characteristic interaction domain width of the interaction domains was evaluated from Kerr images of the hot deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets using the linear intercept method. In the thermally demagnetized state, the average characteristic width of the interaction domains magnets produced here was about 1 µm, whereas the grain size was approx. 300 nm. The implication is that the interaction domains typically encompass about 2-3 grains in their width (Fig. 3). Although this is the typical width of the domains, the area covered by a single domain can be much larger (Fig. 3c).
Figure 3: (a) Kerr image of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B sample with c-axis perpendicular to image plane, (b) binary image of domain structure from (a), (c) one yellow coloured domain in order to show the scale of interaction domains, (d) histogram of linear intercept domain size measured in 4 different directions.
With the Low-Temperature-MFM at IFW Dresden it was possible to visualize magnetization reversal processes while applying a magnetic field of up to 6T in-situ [Thielsch2012]. Since MFM is a surface sensitive technique one needs to check if a correlation between the information gained from the surface can be linked to processes within the bulk. Therefore the fractions of domains with the magnetization pointing in or out of the image plane were determined and assigned to a polarization (Fig. 4)
Figure 4: Procedure in order to determine polarization from domain fractions, (a) MFM image, (b) MFM image with domain boundaries, (c) only domain boundaries, (d) binary domain image to determine domain fractions.
In Fig. 5, the correlation of the initial magnetization curve measured with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and the polarization values obtained from the procedure explained above is featured. The correlated values are in good agreement which leads to the assumption that observed domains from the surface reveal magnetization reversal processes within the bulk.
Figure 5: Correlation of initial magnetization curve from the thermally demagnetized state and polarization values obtained from MFM images.
Another type of material in which interaction domains occur is composites composed of hard and soft magnetic phases. Hot deformation was used to produce composites of Nd-Fe-B and Fe. Even though the size of the two different magnetic phases is far larger than the effective exchange length (thus precluding complete exchange coupling), the composites surprisingly show a uniform magnetization reversal along the easy axis [Thielsch2010]. The details of the magnetization reversal process were studied using Kerr microscopy (Fig. 6). The results showed that interaction domains tend to nucleate at phase boundaries. The growth of these domains was responsible for the magnetization reversal.
Figure 6: Domain evolution in Nd-Fe-B/Fe composite with c-axis of Nd-Fe-B in-plane, a magnetic field leads to domain rearrangement in soft magnetic phase and thus to a magnetic charge accumulation at the phase boundaries. This supports the subsequent nucleation of interaction domains at the phase boundaries and to the magnetization reversal [Thielsch2010].
A further example where interaction domains occur are nanostructured Nd-Fe-B thick films for MEMS applications [Woodcock2009]. Fig. 7 contains MFM images showing the magnetic domain structure of thick films deposited without heating the substrate ("cold"), with the substrate heated to 400°C and 500°C in both as-deposited and annealed states. In the as-deposited state when the substrate was cold or at 400°C, the resulting films were amorphous, resulting in the characteristic domain pattern (Fig. 7a and b). After annealing, the films crystallised and the domain pattern reflects the formation of small grains which are encompassed by interaction domains. For more details of magnetic properties and film preparation, please see [Woodcock2009].
Figure 7: MFM phase images of Nd-Fe-B-type thick films recorded using a hard magnetic tip. A greyscale key giving the phase range of each image is shown as is the deposition temperature: (a–c) in the as-deposited state (as-dep.); (d–f) following annealing (ann.) [Woodcock2009].
|[Sagawa1984]||M. Sagawa, S. Fujimura, N. Togawa, H. Yamamoto and Y. Matsuura, J. Appl. Phys. 55 (1984) 2083|
|[Craik1960]||D.J. Craik, E.D. Issac, Proc. Phys. Soc. 76 (1960) 160.|
|[Thielsch2012]||J. Thielsch, H. Stopfel, U. Wolff, V. Neu, T.G. Woodcock, K. Güth, L. Schultz and O. Gutfleisch, "In-Situ Magnetic Force Microcscope Studies of Magnetization Reversal of Interaction Domains in Hot Deformed Nd-Fe-B Magnets", J. Appl. Phys. 111 (2012) 103901|
|[Thielsch2010]||J. Thielsch, D. Hinz, L. Schultz, O. Gutfleisch, "Magnetization Reversal in NdFeB-Fe Composites Observed by Domain Imaging" J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 322 (2010) 3208.|
|[Woodcock2009]||T.G. Woodcock, K. Khlopkov, A. Walther, N.M. Dempsey, D. Givord, L. Schultz, O. Gutfleisch, "Interaction Domains in High-Performance NdFeB Thick Films" Scripta Mat. 60 (2009) 826.|

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Evaluate general matrix function
F = funm(A,fun)
F = funm(A,fun,options)
F = funm(A,fun,options,p1,p2,...)
[F,exitflag] = funm(...)
[F,exitflag,output] = funm(...)
F = funm(A,fun) evaluates the user-defined function fun at the square matrix argument A. F = fun(x,k) must accept a vector x and an integer k, and return a vector f of the same size of x, where f(i) is the kth derivative of the function fun evaluated at x(i). The function represented by fun must have a Taylor series with an infinite radius of convergence, except for fun = _USER_, which is treated as a special case.
You can also use funm to evaluate the special functions listed in the following table at the matrix A.
Syntax for Evaluating Function at Matrix A
funm(A, _USER_)
funm(A, _USER_)
funm(A, _USER_)
funm(A, _USER_)
funm(A, _USER_)
funm(A, _USER_)
For matrix square roots, use sqrtm(A) instead. For matrix exponentials, which of expm(A) or funm(A, _USER_) is the more accurate depends on the matrix A.
The function represented by fun must have a Taylor series with an infinite radius of convergence. The exception is _USER_, which is treated as a special case. Parameterizing Functions explains how to provide additional parameters to the function fun, if necessary.
F = funm(A,fun,options) sets the algorithm's parameters to the values in the structure options.
The following table lists the fields of options.
Level of display
'off' (default), 'on','verbose'
Tolerance for blocking Schur form
Positive scalar. The default is 0.1.
Termination tolerance for evaluating the Taylor series of diagonal blocks
Positive scalar. The default is eps.
Maximum number of Taylor series terms
Positive integer. The default is 250.
When computing a logarithm, maximum number of square roots computed in inverse scaling and squaring method.
Positive integer. The default is 100.
Specifies the ordering of the Schur form T.
A vector of length length(A). options.Ord(i) is the index of the block into which T(i,i) is placed. The default is [].
F = funm(A,fun,options,p1,p2,...) passes extra inputs p1,p2,... to the function.
[F,exitflag] = funm(...) returns a scalar exitflag that describes the exit condition of funm. exitflag can have the following values:
 - 0 — The algorithm was successful.
 - 1 — One or more Taylor series evaluations did not converge, or, in the case of a logarithm, too many square roots are needed. However, the computed value of F might still be accurate.
[F,exitflag,output] = funm(...) returns a structure output with the following fields:
Vector for which output.terms(i) is the number of Taylor series terms used when evaluating the ith block, or, in the case of the logarithm, the number of square roots of matrices of dimension greater than 2.
Cell array for which the (i,j) block of the reordered Schur factor T is T(output.ind{i}, output.ind{j}).
Ordering of the Schur form, as passed to ordschur
Reordered Schur form
If the Schur form is diagonal then output = struct('terms',ones(n,1),'ind',{1:n}).
Example 1
The following command computes the matrix sine of the 3-by-3 magic matrix.
F=funm(magic(3), _USER_)
F =
 -0.3850 1.0191 0.0162
 0.6179 0.2168 -0.1844
 0.4173 -0.5856 0.8185
Example 2
The statements
S = funm(X,_USER_);
C = funm(X,_USER_);
produce the same results to within roundoff error as
E = expm(i*X);
C = real(E);
S = imag(E);
In either case, the results satisfy S*S+C*C = I, where I = eye(size(X)).
Example 3
To compute the function exp(x) + cos(x) at A with one call to funm, use
F = funm(A,_USER_)
where fun_expcos is the following function.
function f = fun_expcos(x, k)
% Return kth derivative of exp + cos at X.
 g = mod(ceil(k/2),2);
 if mod(k,2)
 f = exp(x) + sin(x)*(-1)^g;
 f = exp(x) + cos(x)*(-1)^g;
More About
expand all
The algorithm funm uses is described in [1].
[1] Davies, P. I. and N. J. Higham, "A Schur-Parlett algorithm for computing matrix functions," SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., Vol. 25, Number 2, pp. 464-485, 2003.
[2] Golub, G. H. and C. F. Van Loan, Matrix Computation, Third Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, p. 384.
[3] Moler, C. B. and C. F. Van Loan, "Nineteen Dubious Ways to Compute the Exponential of a Matrix, Twenty-Five Years Later" SIAM Review 20, Vol. 45, Number 1, pp. 1-47, 2003.
See Also
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"Lec 7 - Hydrostatic Balance" The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140) The hydrostatic law describes the weight of a fluid overlying a given area, or the pressure at a particular point. It can be used to calculate the approximate atmospheric mass over a particular area, or to calculate the change in pressure over a given change in altitude. A calculation of the pressure difference from the ground to the twelfth floor of Klein Biology Tower is found to agree well with measurements taken at both locations. The hydrostatic law also applies to pressure changes with depth in the ocean. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Planet Temperature 11:20 - Chapter 2. Hydrostatic Balance 19:15 - Chapter 3. Calculation of CO2 Mass in the Atmosphere 22:08 - Chapter 4. Derivation of the Differential Form of the Hydrostatic Balance Equation 26:05 - Chapter 5. Hydrostatic Law Experiment 35:14 - Chapter 6. Application of Hydrostatic Law Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: _URL_ This course was recorded in Fall 2011.
No content is added to this lecture.


Randomly Switching Upper and Lowercase in a Shell Script
Dave wraps up the shell-script L33t generator
Still, it was an interesting exercise as a shell-scripting problem, because it's surprisingly simply to adapt a set of conversion rules into a sequence of commands. I sidestepped one piece of it, however, and that's what I want to poke around with this article: changing uppercase and lowercase letters somewhat randomly.
This is where "Linux Journal" might become "LiNUx jOurNAl", for example. Why? Uhm, because it's a puzzle to solve. Jeez, you ask such goofy questions of me!
Breaking Down a Line Letter by Letter
The first and perhaps most difficult task is to take a line of input and break it down letter by letter so each can be analyzed and randomly transliterated. There are lots of ways to accomplish this in Linux (of course), but I'm going to use the built-in Bash substring variable reference sequence. It looks like this:
So to get just the ninth character of variable input, for example, I could use ${input:9:1}. Bash also has another handy variable reference that produces the length of the value of a particular variable: ${_TAG_}. Put the two together, and here's the basic initialization and loop:
while [ $charindex -lt $length ]
 # conversion occurs here
 charindex=$(( $charindex + 1 ))
Keep in mind that charindex is initialized to 0, and newstring is initialized to "", so you can see how this quickly steps through every character, adding it to newstring. "Conversion occurs here" is not very exciting, but that's the placeholder you need.
Lower, Meet Upper, and Vice Versa
Last time I also showed a quick and easy way to choose a number 1–10 randomly, so you can sometimes have something happen and other times not happen. In this command:
doit=$(( $RANDOM % 10 )) # random virtual coin flip
Let's say there's only a 30% chance that an uppercase letter will convert to lowercase, but a 50% chance that a lowercase letter will become uppercase. How do you code that? To start, let's get the basic tests:
if [ -z "$(echo "$char" | sed -E's/[[:lower:]]//')" ]
 # it's a lowercase character
elif [ -z "$(echo "$char" | sed -E's/[[:upper:]]//')" ]
 # it's uppercase
This is a classic shell-script trick: to ascertain if a character is a member of a class, replace it with null, then test to see if the resultant string is null (the -Z test).
The last bit's easy. Generate the random number, then if it's below the threshold, transliterate the char; otherwise, do nothing. Thus:
 # lowercase. 50% chance we'll change it
 if [ $doit -lt 5 ] ; then
 char="$(echo $char | tr '[[:lower:]]' '[[:upper:]]')"
 # uppercase. 30% chance we'll change it
 if [ $doit -lt 3 ] ; then
 char="$(echo $char | tr '[[:upper:]]' '[[:lower:]]')"
Put it all together and you have this Frankenstein's monster of a script:
$ sh changecase.sh Linux Journal is a great read.
LiNuX JoURNal is a GrEaT ReAd.
$!!
LINuX journAl IS a gREat rEAd
Now you're ready for writing some ransom notes, it appears!
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5 reasons why media outlets should invest in data journalism
The benefit of data journalism cannot necessarily be measured in clicks or likes. Its advantages are rather qualitative than quantitative – but investment will pay off, in the long run. Here's why.
 1. Create news instead of covering it
 By analyzing data for trends, patterns and outliers, data journalism allows you to find stories no one else has. And whereas all of your competitors source on the same news agencies as you do, data-driven stories are (at least for some time) unique to your media outlet. Data journalism can uncover story angles you didn't even know existed before and will make your company stand out from others – thereby helping you to (re)gain relevance.
 2. Add credibility in the age of fake news
 Being open and critical about the data you used and by making your methodology transparent so others can replicate what you did, will add to your credibility. If we want to win over Fake News we should provide our users with as much detail as possible on how our stories are formed.
 3. Hold the powerful accountable
 Three centuries back, the press was coined as the Forth Estate. If we want to live up to that term, data journalism can help hold the powerful accountable: Not only by following the money trail, but also by fact-checking whether policy goals are reached or whether politicians kept their promises, data can add factual arguments.
 4. Ask better informed questions
 Journalists too tend to believe in scientific studies or statistical reports. But data is never neutral. It's always gathered by someone (with a potential bias) for a certain purpose (with a potential intent) in a certain way (with the potential to not capture reality in its full extent). The means of data journalism allow you to find other data sources, gather your own data, re-run the analysis of others – comparing the results and challenge conclusions being made can help you make a more realistic assessment for your audience.
 5. FOMO: Many are doing it already
 This is a cheap argument, but if the above ones don't work, maybe we can count on your fear of missing out? Many media outlets do believe data journalism has a clear return on investment, so you need to join the game if you don't want to be left behind.
< Back to the tree
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Gianna Grün
Gianna-Carina Gruen is a freelance data journalist, currently building Deutsche Welle's data journalism unit. She also works for the interactive background magazine "Der Kontext", where she explores non-linear storytelling.
(Foto: C. Schmitt)
snow flake
© 2017 Journocode


4. Graphical styles
4.1 Selecting a different look
The default location of the style is 'look.lua'. To select a different predefined look, select one of the 'look_*.lua' styles from 'etc' and copy it to ' /.notion/look.lua'. This will override the default look on the next Notion restart, and can be a starting point for further more detailed customization.
4.2 Customizing: drawing engines, style specifications and sub-styles
Notion's drawing routines are abstracted into so-called drawing engine modules that can, again depending on the system, be dynamically loaded as needed. The drawing engine modules provide ''brushes'' that objects can use to draw some high-level primitives such as borders and text boxes (in addition to simple text and rectangle drawing) on their windows and configure e.g. the shape and background of the window. While the drawing engines therefore do not directly implement looks for each possible object (that would hardly be maintainable), different brush styles can be used to give a distinctive look to different objects and engines could interpret some styles as special cases. Style specifications are strings of the form
An example of such a style specification is 'tab-frame'; see the table in subsection [*] for more styles.
When an object asks for a brush of certain style, the selected drawing engine will attempt to find the closest match to this specification. The styles/brushes defined by the drawing engines may have asterisks ('*') as some of the elements indicating a match to anything. Exact matches are preferred to asterisk matches and longer matches to shorter. For example, let a brush for style 'foo-bar-baz' be queried, then the following brushes are in order of preference:
Some of the drawing primitives allow extra attributes to be specified, also in the form
These extra attributes are called substyles and allow, for example, the state of the object to be indicated by different colour sets while keeping the interface at an abstract level and the drawing engine completely ignorant of the semantics - only the writer of the drawing engine configuration file has to know them. However the drawing engine can again interpret known substyles as special cases and the default engine indeed does so with frame tab tag and drag states.)
4.2.1 Known styles and substyles Frames
Style name
'frame-transient' Tabs and menu entries
Style name
'tab-info' The rest
Style name
4.3 Defining styles for the default drawing engine
Drawing engine style files are usually named look_foo.lua where foo is the name of the style. The file that Notion loads on startup or when gr.read_config is called, however, is look.lua and should usually be symlinked to or a copy of of some look_foo.lua.
4.3.1 The structure of the configuration files
The first thing to do in a style file is to choose the drawing engine, possibly loading the module as well. This is done with the following chunk of code.
if not gr.select_engine("de") then
The gr.select_engine function sees if the engine given as argument is registered (the default drawing engine is simply called ''de''). If the engine could not be found, it tries to load a module of the same name. If the engine still is not registered, gr.select_engine returns 'false' and in this case we also exit the style setup script. If the engine was found, gr.select_engine sees that further requests for brushes are forwarded to that engine and returns 'true'.
Before defining new styles it may be a good idea to clear old styles from memory so if the old configuration defines more specific styles than the new, the old styles don't override those specified by the new configuration. That can be done by calling
After this the new styles can be defined with de.defstyle as explained in the next subsection. Finally, after the styles have been defined we must ask objects on the screen to look up new brushes to reflect the changes in configuration. This is done with
4.3.2 Defining the styles
Styles for the default drawing engine are defined with the function de.defstyle. It has two arguments the first being a style specification as explained in previous sections and the second a table whose fields describe the style:
de.defstyle("some-style", {
 attribute = value,
The supported attributes are described in tables below. The different border elements and styles referred to there are explained in the following sketch of different border styles and elements:
Elevated: Inlaid: Ridge: Groove:
 hhhhhhhhhhhs ............ hhhhhhhhhhhs sssssssssssh
 h..........s .sssssssssh. h..........s s..........h
 h. .s .s h. h.sssssssh.s s.hhhhhhhs.h
 h. .s .s h. h.s h.s s.h s.h
 h. .s .s h. h.shhhhhhh.s s.hsssssss.h
 h..........s .shhhhhhhhh. h..........s s..........h
 hsssssssssss ............ hsssssssssss shhhhhhhhhhh
h = highlight, s = shadow,. = padding Colours
Each of these fields a string of the form that can be passed to XAllocNamedColor. Valid strings are e.g. hexadecimal RGB specifications of the form _TAG_ and colour names as specified in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt (exact path varying).
padding_colour Borders and widths
All other fields below except border_style are non-negative integers indicating a number of pixels.
spacing Text
text_align Miscellaneous
based_on Substyles
As discussed in previous sections, styles may have substyles to e.g. indicate different states of the object being drawn. The ''de'' engine limits what can be configured in substyles to the set of colours in the first table above, but also specifically interprets for the main style 'tab-frame' the substyles '*-*-tagged' and '*-*-*-dragged' by, respectively, drawing a right angle shape at the top right corner of a tab and by shading the tab with a stipple pattern. Also for menus the substyles '*-*-submenu' are handled as a special case.
Substyles are defined with the function de.substyle within the table defining the main style. The parameters to this function are similar to those of de.defstyle.
de.defstyle("some-style", {
 de.substyle("some-substyle", {
4.3.3 An example
The following shortened segment from look_cleanviolet.lua should help to clarify the matters discussed in the previous subsection.
de.defstyle("*", {
 -- Gray background
 highlight_colour = "_TAG_",
 shadow_colour = "_TAG_",
 background_colour = "_TAG_",
 foreground_colour = "#000000",
 shadow_pixels = 1,
 highlight_pixels = 1,
 padding_pixels = 1,
 spacing = 0,
 border_style = "elevated",
 text_align = "center",
de.defstyle("tab-frame", {
 based_on = "*",
 de.substyle("active-selected", {
 -- Violet tab
 highlight_colour = "_TAG_",
 shadow_colour = "_TAG_",
 background_colour = "#666699",
 foreground_colour = "_TAG_",
 -- More substyles would follow...
4.4 Miscellaneous settings
4.4.1 Frame user attributes
The function WFrame.set_grattr may be used to give frames (and their tabs) arbitrary extra attributes to be passed to the drawing engine. Hence, by configuring such substyles in the style configuration files, and turning on the attribute when needed, scripts may display visual cues related to the frame. There is also one extra attribute specially interpreted by the default drawing engine: the 'numbered' attribute, which causes numbers to be displayed on the tabs.
4.4.2 Extra fields for style 'frame'
The following style fields are independent of the drawing engine used, but are related to objects' styles and therefore configured in the drawing engine configuration file.
4.4.3 Extra fields for style 'dock'
Hopefully that's enough to get you started in writing new style configuration files for Notion. When in doubt, study the existing style configuration files.


text:
A Molotov cocktail is the term for a simple incendiary weapon. It is also known as a petrol bomb, fire bomb, or benzine torch. They are relatively easy to make, and may be used by irregular paramilitary forces and rioters. These bombs are also used to commit arson (set fire to buildings).
Mechanism[change | change source]
A Molotov cocktail consists of a glass bottle partly filled with a flammable liquid. The liquid will typically be gasoline, alcohol, methanol or ethanol. The mouth of the bottle is closed with a cork or other type of tight sealing made of rubber, glass, or plastic, and a cloth rag is fixed securely around the mouth. The weapon is used by first soaking the rag in a flammable liquid immediately before using it, lighting the rag, and throwing the bottle at the target. The bottle breaks when it lands, spilling the flammable liquid over the target, which is then ignited by the burning rag.
Many substances may be added to the basic Molotov cocktail to enhance its use as a weapon. These include:
- Substances that will ignite by themselves when hitting the target, for example White phosphorus
- Substances that will help the liquid stick to the target, for example tar
- Acid will help the penetration of non-flammable surfaces
- Substances that will increase the explosive effect, for example gunpowder
Molotov cocktails are similar to napalm bombs in principle. Napalm was originally made by combining flammable naphthalene and petrol with a thickening agent palmitic acid. The latter two are the main ingredients of Molotov cocktails. When gasoline is used as the main ingredient, motor oil is commonly added to help the gasoline cling to the target.
Where the name is from[change | change source]
During the early part of World War II, when Finland refused to surrender some land to the Soviet Union, the Soviets invaded. The poorly equipped and heavily-outnumbered Finnish Army faced Red Army tanks in what came to be known as the Winter War. The army borrowed an improvised incendiary device from the 1936–39 Spanish Civil War. In that conflict, the Spanish Nationalists under the orders of General Francisco Franco had used the weapon against Soviet T-26 tanks. Those tanks helped the Spanish Republicans in a failed 1936 Soviet assault near Toledo, 30 km from Madrid.
When Molotov claimed in radio broadcasts that the Soviet Union was not dropping bombs but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns started to call the air bombs satirically "Molotov bread baskets". Soon they responded by saluting the advancing tanks with "Molotov cocktails." At first the term was used to describe only the burning mixture itself, but the term was soon applied to the combination of both the bottle and its contents. This Finnish use of the handor sling-thrown explosive against Soviet tanks was repeated in the subsequent Continuation War. Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the Finnish military, bundled with matches to light them.
These weapons saw widespread use by all sides in World War II. They were very effective against light tanks, and very bad for enemy morale. The following is a first-hand description of their effects, written during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943:
- The well-aimed bottles hit the tank. The flames spread quickly. The blast of the explosion is heard. The machine stands motionless. The crew is burned alive. The other two tanks turn around and withdraw. The Germans who took cover behind them withdraw in panic. We take leave of them with a few well-aimed shots and grenades.
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, members of the Israeli Kibbutz Degania managed to stop a Syrian tank assault by using Molotov cocktails. They were frequently used against Soviet tanks with great efficiency in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
The weapon has been used against tanks effectively because of the conformation of parts of tanks, particularly around the undersides and fuel tank "entrances". A Molotov cocktail could blow up the fuel tank, destroying the machine, particularly for older (before 1940) tank models. Molotov cocktails are much more effective against gasoline engines than diesel engines' tanks. This is because diesel has a high flashpoint of 64 °C – making it more difficult to ignite compared to petrol. Some Soviet tanks actually had an entry to the gas tank on the side of the vehicle, which could be opened by combatants in close quarters, letting out the highly flammable liquid and making destruction of the tank even easier. Note that these tactics were only effective due to the advantage guerrillas had in close quarters; tanks can barely maneuver in such conditions and are not able to counter quick-moving enemies armed with incendiary bombs.
Petrol bombs were widely used throughout the Troubles in Northern Ireland in riot situations, directed towards the RUC or the British Army. As well as occasional situations where they continue to be used against the PSNI and army, they are frequently used in sectarian attacks on homes and businesses by both communities. Fireworks and homemade grenades, known as blast bombs now commonly accompany petrol bomb attacks on the security forces.
Legal concerns[change | change source]
As such things can cause a lot of damage, and actually kill people, it is illegal in most countries to make or possess them. When they are used against property, this usually counts as arson. When they are used against people, the charges range from manslaughter to murder.
Given the recent terrorism laws, such things could also fall under anti-terror legislation.
Recent use[change | change source]
In Sydney, during the Cronulla Riots, rioters carrying Molotov cocktails were apprehended when they carried open bottles in a bus. The resulting smell of petrol alerted the driver, who in turn alerted the police.
During the Columbine High School massacre, the two gunmen built and threw several Molotov cocktails; however, none of them exploded. It is presumed that this was due to bottles being overfilled.
References[change | change source]
- Thomas, Hugh 1994. The Spanish Civil War. Simon & Schuster, p. 468. ISBN 0-671-75876-4
Other websites[change | change source]
- José Luiz. "La Unidad Italiana de Carros-Artillería, los T-26 Soviéticos y la Batalla de Seseña". _URL_ Retrieved 2005.
- La Unidad Italiana de Carros-Artillería, los T-26 Soviéticos y la Batalla de Seseña
- Eyewitness reporting for the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa|Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization), 1943-04-19


text:
Granma published a note from Castro to Randy Alonso, moderator of the Mesa Redonda television program. Castro requests that Randy broadcast a statement he made in 2001 in which Castro explained why
The section on labor union rights would provide "a pretext for imperialism to try to divide and fragment workers, create artificial unions, and reduce their political and social power and influence," Castro said in 2001. A section on education would "open the doors to the privatization of teaching, which in the past allowed painful differences and irritating privileges and injustices, including racial discrimination." (AFP Spanish story here.)
Castro asked that the text of his 2001 statement be titled, "History will tell who is right."
Maybe history will also tell us who is in charge.


text:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Modularized, Computer-Assisted, Self-Paced Approach to Developmental Math
Community colleges are a large sector of postsecondary education. In 2016-2017, the United States had nearly 1,000 public 2-year postsecondary institutions (community colleges), serving almost nine million students, representing 39% of all undergraduates. The majority of entering community college students require developmental (or remedial) math. Success rates in the developmental math course sequence and college more broadly are discouragingly low. Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers alike are eagerly searching for reforms to improve success rates, but there is a dearth of causal evidence on the effectiveness of most proposed reforms. We sought to answer the following question: What effect does a modularized, computer-assisted, self-paced approach to developmental math (compared with a more "traditional" direct-instruction course alternative) have on students' likelihood of completing the developmental math course sequence? Findings from a randomized controlled trial (n =1,403) are presented. The program was well implemented; however, we did not find evidence that this approach was superior to the "traditional" math class. Although these results are disappointing, they are important because modularization and self-paced computer-assisted instruction are popular reforms.


text:
The subsidiary protection
The subsidiary protection is recognized in the presence of personal serious damage.
In order to recognize subsidiary protection,serious damage is considered as:
a) death sentence or execution of death sentence;
b) torture or other types of punishment, inhuman or demeaning behaviour to the detritment of the applicant in his/her Country of origin;
c) serious individual threats to the life of a civilian resulting from indiscriminating violence in situations of inland or international armed conflict.
The recognition of subsidiary protection allows:
the issuing of a permit of stay for subsidiary protection for 3 years;
the issuing of a travel document for those who cannot apply for it to their own Embassy for travelling abroad;
to reunite the family, or do a cohesion, on the basis of requirements previewed by the law, but with facilities with regard to the documents certifying family relationship;
access to occupation;
access to education;
health and social care (civil disability, accompaniment benefit, maternity benefit) equal to Italian citizens.


text:
|Expedition Susquehanna Webquest|
Throughout this WebQuest, you will virtually paddle alongside the explorers of Expedition Susquehanna as they journey 444 miles from the river's headwaters in Cooperstown, New York to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. You will investigate water quality and land use and try to decide if the Susquehanna River (and by extension the Chesapeake Bay) can be saved. An introduction, the goals, the process, the conclusion, and how to evaluate students on their performance are all included.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
No specific technical requirements, just a browser required
Cost / Copyright:
Copyright and other use information is unknown. Please consult the resource directly for the latest information.
DLESE Catalog ID: BRIDGE-1971
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


there is an ideal swimming pace that preserves just enough energy to perform optimally in the bike and run portions of the race. Similar arguments can be made about the effect of the bicycling pace on the run performance.
So there is still a trade-off among the three objectives, but not enough to warrant treating the three objectives separately, as in a Pareto optimization. When the ultimate objective is pretty clear and the trade-offs are due more to interactions than competition, a summed objective approach is usually recommended.
Interactions also play a role in how we define the scope of our optimization problem. Due to lack of time or interest, many triathletes focus their training on just one or two of the triathlon events, paying only minimal attention to the other one(s). This short-sighted approach usually leads to poor overall performance in the race. As already noted, improving performance in one or two events does not guarantee any improvement at all in the overall race time.
To find a truly optimal strategy, you must optimize the interactions among the components. Any improvement to the parts must be considered in light of its contribution to the whole.
The same is true for optimization problems within engineering, science and business. We often focus our attention on improving a part within a system, perhaps the part that is failing or is most expensive. In doing so, we ignore the interactions among the various parts in the system, and we severely limit the scope and the potential benefits of the optimization search process.
Consider the common goals of reducing mass or cost. It may be that by adding mass or cost to a given component (blasphemy!), we can then reduce the mass or cost in other components to achieve an overall system level improvement. Isn't this the ultimate goal, after all? But when we focus on individual parts and ignore their interactions, these opportunities remain hidden.
So yes, I do plan to swim slowly during my triathlon race in order to improve my overall time. That's my story, and I'm sticking to it.


text:
Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar was born in Concord, Massachusetts, on February 21, 1816. He graduated from Harvard in 1835, studied law there and received his LL.B. degree in 1839. He was admitted to the bar in 1840. He was judge of the court of common pleas in Boston from 1849 to 1855, and associate justice of the State supreme court from 1859 to 1869. President Grant appointed Hoar Attorney General of the United States on March 5, 1869. He was a member of the Joint High Commission which framed the Treaty of Washington with Great Britain in 1873 through 1875. From December 1873 to March 1875, Hoar was a Representative in Congress. He died on January 31, 1895 in Concord.
William Morris Hunt was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. He attended Harvard, but left before graduating. He studied art at Dusseldorf in Germany and with Thomas Couture in Paris. Hunt returned to the United States and settled in Boston. He was known for his landscapes, portraits and cameo portraits. He is remembered, too, for his murals in the State capitol in Albany, New York. His portrait of Attorney General Hoar was painted in 1870.


Wednesday | July 22, 2020
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Tim Scott (R–S.C.) and Mark Warner (D–Va.) introduced the Long-Term Care (LTC) Pharmacy Definition Act of 2020. This bipartisan legislation, if passed, will ensure seniors requiring long-term care have access to the medication and treatments they need. This bill would also codify an adaptable definition for "long-term care pharmacy" to enhance clarity and consistency across diverse programs and agencies. Without adding new costs to the healthcare system, a clear federal definition for LTC pharmacy would provide policymakers and regulators with the tools needed to facilitate the unique supports that these pharmacies offer, within both current models and the innovative models of the future.
"This commonsense legislation would ensure clarity and consistency for our long-term care pharmacies without adding costs to our healthcare system," shared Senator Scott. "I urge my colleagues to support this bipartisan bill, which will make it easier for this important sector to navigate regulatory confusion and allow them to care and provide for our nation's seniors."
"Long-term care pharmacies are essential to providing quality care to millions of our nation's seniors. Unfortunately, under existing rules, they are regulated in the same way as more traditional retail pharmacies, which has created unnecessary bureaucracy around providing life-saving medication and services for a vulnerable population," said Senator Warner. "That's why we're introducing legislation that will create a distinct definition for long-term care pharmacies to better reflect the specialized care they provide for the senior population they serve."
"Long Term Care Pharmacies provide critical services for seniors, who often require multiple prescriptions to maintain their health. Because there is no statuary definition for LTC Pharmacies, they must negotiate a patchwork of vague, inconsistent provisions, which could disrupt services and impact care for seniors. This commonsense legislation will help agencies give more consistent regulatory direction as well as streamline services to residents," said Rep. Mullin.
"The personal services that long term care pharmacies provide seniors, many who take upwards of 10 medications per day, are critical for the health and wellness of millions of Americans," said Rep. Schrader. "COVID-19 has had a disproportionate effect on this vulnerable population and now more than ever a consistent regulatory framework that defines long term care pharmacies is crucial. This bipartisan legislation will offer greater governmental oversight and create regulatory consistency across multiple federal agencies."
"Now more than ever, as the nation's LTC community copes with the unprecedented impact of COVID-19, establishing a clear and consistent regulatory framework for LTC pharmacies is essential," said Alan G. Rosenbloom, President and CEO of the Senior Care Pharmacy Coalition. "We commend Senators Scott and Warner as well as Congressmen Schrader and Mullin for recognizing the unique value proposition LTC pharmacies offer seniors in nursing homes and other LTC facilities by introducing this much-needed legislation. The patient care services LTC pharmacies provide, including the 12 prescriptions per day per person on average, are crucial to the health and safety of our most vulnerable citizens."
Congressmen Markwayne Mullin (R-OK) and Kurt Schrader (R-OR) introduced companion legislation in the House of Representatives.
Full text of the bill is available HERE.
Related Issues:


DML triggers are used to enforce business rules when data is modified and to extend the integrity checking logic of Microsoft SQL Server constraints, defaults, and rules. Which of the following is FALSE regarding DML triggers
 Posted by Bandi on 7/30/2014 | Category: Sql Server Interview questions | Views: 1607 | Points: 40
Select from following answers:
 1. A DML trigger cannot reference objects outside of the current database
 2. You can create a DML trigger only in the current database
 3. A DML trigger cannot be created on a temporary or system table
 4. The WRITETEXT statement does not cause the INSERT or UPDATE triggers to fire.
 5. All Above
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Why Does Water Taste Bad To Me All Of A Sudden?
Does water expire?
Can cup of water go bad?
When you leave the glass of water uncovered for about 12 hours, carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with it. This reduces the pH level of the water and gives it an off taste. But even then this water is safe to drink. Moreover, most experts believe that tap water has a shelf life of six months.
Is it good to drink water before bed?
Is it safe to drink water that smells like chlorine?
The smell of bleach in your tap water is likely caused by high levels of chlorine. Small traces of chlorine in your water is not harmful. It is actually required by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in order to disinfect water before it is distributed to homes and offices.
What causes a funny taste in your mouth?
How can I quickly rehydrate myself?
What is the most hydrating drink?
Why does water taste bad for me?
You don't usually notice the taste slowly ramping up inside of your mouth, but as your body naturally dehydrates, your mouth takes on a salty quality. … Drinking water when your mouth's salt receptors are activated results in your bitter or sour taste buds being switched on instead.
What happens if you never drink water?
Why does water taste better at night?
Daylight water takes on a flat taste. … Then at night, when water sits in a darkened room, the absorbed daylight ions are displaced by heavier night time ions and water takes on a cooler, more refreshing taste. Most people prefer dark water, even though they don't realize there's a difference.
How do you tell if you're a supertaster?
If you have more than 30 taste buds in a space the size of a hole punch on your tongue then you are a supertaster. You also might be a picky eater….There are 3 types of tasters in the world:"Supertaster""Average Taster""Non-Taster"
Does water affect taste?
Water's flavor depends on where the water comes from, says Susan D. Richardson, a chemistry professor at the University of South Carolina. If you get water from a well, it might have a slightly mineral or chalky taste because it's passed through layers of limestone deep underground.
How can I hydrate if I don't like water?
Can liver problems cause bitter taste in mouth?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver, and it can cause a bitter taste in the mouth. Other symptoms include: appetite loss.
What can I drink for dehydration besides water?
5 best drinks for dehydration besides waterTea. Tea has the same hydration effect as water and is overloaded with antioxidants to help your body get rid of toxins. … Fruits juice. Fruit juices contain at least 80% of water and can offer your body both hydration and delicious flavors. … Vegetables juice. … Sparkling water. … Infused water.
What is the next best thing to drink besides water?
Is it normal to not like the taste of water?
According to Accredited Practising Dietitian, Maria Packard, there's nothing wrong with not liking water: it's totally normal. "Not liking water is usually just a matter of taste," she says. … Whether you like the taste of water or not, one fact remains: water is essential for life and good health.
How do you get rid of metallic taste in water?
The best way to remove the metallic taste from your tap water is to install a whole house filtration system in your home.
Why is Dasani bad?
Why does everything I eat and drink taste funny?
What can cause a sudden change in taste?
Viral and bacterial illnesses of the upper respiratory system are a common cause of loss of taste. In addition, many commonly prescribed medications can also lead to a change in the function of the taste buds. In some cases, a more serious underlying condition may be causing a change in the perception of taste.


You are here
Chappell Hill (Washington County)
-A A +A
Mary Hargrove Haller founded the town of Chappell Hill in 1847, naming the town for her grandfather Robert Wooding Chappell, and the sale of lots began two years later. The community is near the center of Stephen F. Austin's original colony and attracted colonists to the rich agricultural land of the Brazos River valley. Cotton was the principal crop into the early twentieth century. At its height in the late nineteenth century, Chappell Hill was a major trading center with sawmills and two institutes of higher education. The three-block Main Street commercial district and adjoining residential neighborhoods constitute a small and largely intact historic area.
Writing Credits
Gerald Moorhead et al.
,,


text:
Media Contact: Fred Strohl (_EMAIL_)|
Communications and External Relations
ORNL sponsoring two summer science camps (1998)
OAK RIDGE, Tenn.,
May 12, 1998
The Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) will this summer again sponsor two camps for elementary and middle school students.
The one-week camps offered will be Science Explorers, scheduled during the weeks of June 8 and June 15, and SciCops, scheduled the week of July 6.
Science Explorers is designed for rising fifth, sixth and seventh graders, focusing on a variety of science topics approached via field explorations and hands-on activities. Campers learn about insects, habitats, water, life, science, weather, rockets, geology, astronauts and robots. Sessions will be held from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Freels Bend Cabin in Oak Ridge.
SciCops is for rising seventh through ninth graders, focusing on investigations in science, technology and law enforcement. Campers learn about how science and technology are used in police investigations through the Knox County Sheriff's Department, ORNL and the Center for Science and Technology for Law Enforcement at the Y-12 Plant. Campers work with fingerprinting techniques, radar, evidence analysis, scuba diving, arson investigation, forensic science, video enhancement, DNA analysis and the K-9 team. Sessions are scheduled from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Knox County Sheriff's Department Training Facility in Knoxville.
Each camp is limited to 25 participants, and the cost is $160.
Applications are available by calling Claretta Sullivan of ORNL's Office of University and Science Education at _PHONE_ or via e-mail at _EMAIL_.
ORNL, one of DOE's multiprogram national research and development facilities, is managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation.


Talk:Examples of Bias in Wikipedia/Archive10
From Conservapedia
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"Wikipedia allows the use of B.C.E. instead of B.C. and C.E. instead of A.D."
Here is Wikipedia's policy:
"Both the BCE/CE era names and the BC/AD era names are acceptable, but be consistent within an article. Normally you should use plain numbers for years in the Common Era, but when events span the start of the Common Era, use AD or CE for the date at the end of the range (note that AD precedes the date and CE follows it)."
Much of the world has been using the so-called "Common Era" indicator for some time. This is the same reason that Wikipedia occasionally allows British spellings (i.e. colour or fibre) and use of the metric system in articles - hardly evidence of bias. A restriction of the usage of C.E. or B.C.E., on the other hand, would be Western-centric and biased.Archibald 19:27, 27 September 2007 (EDT)
 - Archibald, your posting borders on the pedantic! How many articles, using AD or BC actually remain that way? Editors are constantly changing to the secular-progressive CE. --şŷŝôρ-₮KṢρёаќǃ 19:35, 27 September 2007 (EDT)
 - A "Pedant" is one who focuses on trivialities while ignoring the big picture. This word does not apply to my post. Wikipedia policy tries to avoid ANY date suffixing to avoid this type of controversy. The majority of the English-speaking world is now using the "C.E." system. Nevertheless, Wikipedia neither supports it nor discourages it. This cannot be bias. To research your claim, I jumped to five random historical articles on Wiki. Three used AD/BC dating, and two used no dating (just writing, for example, "The year 1300"). In my experience editors who terraform an article to change its dating system are usually disciplined. If I attempt to go through an article and append "AD" to every date, you can be sure my edit will be reverted by an editor. Again, Wiki neither discourages not supports any counting system.Archibald 00:00, 1 October 2007 (EDT)
"The majority of the English-speaking world is now using the "C.E." system"
Huh? I doubt this is true, but if it is it is an example of enforced politically correct speech and nothing more. I never heard of "C.E." until about 1996, and even then in 1996 it was only in the context of a pagan writer openly hostile to the Christian basis of Western culture. If it is in common usage today, I would ask why, who decreed that it should be in common usage, who is promoting it, and what their real agenda is? "C.E." is a neologism. It was not in significant usage prior to the past few years, and probably not used at all before the 1990s. Use of neologisms is bias. I would go so far as to say that anything that came into common usage after about 1988, when the political correctness movement started becoming a significant force affecting the culture, is suspect because of the probable influence of multiculturalism and other aspects of the P.C. movement, and should be questioned at best and in most cases not used at all. Parrothead 22:39, 9 October 2007 (EDT)
" 'C.E.' is a neologism." That's true, and it's also true that "Common Era" dating catches on mainly with people who wish to remove references to Christ from daily life. (Laughably futile, as the date itself - still a reference to Christ's birth - is absolutely ingrained in the system.) Still, though prefer to continue using "A.D." and "B.C." because I see no reason to change, some tiny percentage of Wiki articles use "C.E." merely reflecting that a certain percentage of the population prefers that system.Shocktherapy 09:56, 15 October 2007 (EDT)
New #1 - WP's CP entry
Maybe add a line or two of how several sysops (Ed Poor, Karajou (editing as an anonymous IP), Mr. Martinez were the ones I spotted on the fly) edited the article and often tried to add their own bias to it, but apparently never, ever touched that claim you mentioned (which has been in the article since March or April, btw.)? (I didn't check each and every edit in the long edit history, but if my claim about the no-touching is wrong, I'll be happy to concede the point as soon as somebody shows me the diff), meaning that they apparently saw nothing wrong with it.
And sourcing aside, how can you say that CP is not supportive of YEC when you support sysops like Conservative and others, who openly push YEC in key articles, making it look like the most likely alternative while merrily bashing "evolutionism" and related old-earth concepts? CP seems to go to great lengths to make all issues connected to an old Earth look like some wild theory with no proof at all. If you wish to prove me wrong, be my guest. This is just my impression after a good while of lurking and posting. --Jenkins 17:46, 30 September 2007 (EDT)
If I've added "bias" to an article, please give the article name and expose the "bias" you allege that I added. Otherwise, I must assume you are simply making a personal attack for ideological reasons (as liberals habitually do). Ironically, liberals (when caught doing this) will then generally add insult to injury by claiming conservatives do what liberals actually do: again, without supplying actual examples. The term Democrats invented for this, the "politics of personal destruction", applies splendidly (or abysmally?) to liberals. I wish liberals would return to the roots of liberal education and use evidence and reason to make arguments, instead of groundless jabs. --Ed Poor Talk 07:54, 1 October 2007 (EDT)
[meaningless blather omitted by sysop Ed Poor]
I stand by what I said, and exactly by what I said. What you or Andy try to put into my mouth is none of my business. If you feel like blocking me for that post, go ahead. But I feel you hurt me enough by slapping me around with your pretty little speech about ideological attacks and how liberals and Democrats attack without providing examples. But of course, that was anything but an attack or whatever. Here, just do it. I'll stand still. An hour? A day? A month? Or hey, maybe a permanent one! After all, Conservapedia has so many active editors left, it can easily afford to permanently block a guy who created, like, THIRTY or so most wanted pages within ten days. And oh, another block will do WONDERS for my motivation to help! Yes, all in the name of justice for my bad, bad attack. Do I sound bitter?...can you be blocked for that? --Jenkins 08:29, 1 October 2007 (EDT)
Your motivation is not an issue. The only thing that matters is whether our readers can trust you. I asked you to give the article name and expose the "bias" you allege that I added. Your response implied that you hadn't made the allegation at all. Then you went on an emotional tangent and (as I predicted) followed up your denial with a tit for tat attack, as if your failure to provide examples of your false accusation is excused by my not giving fresh examples of what is common knowledge: that liberals (like you) make ideological attacks without providing examples.
I don't know if you really believe what you are saying or are simply hoping to confuse the reader with convoluted arguments. But you can take a week to think over what you have done. Perhaps you will choose to clarify whether or not you think I have "added bias" to any encyclopedia article. Unless you are prepared to give an example, you would do well to take that back. That is the only way you can regain trust: by admitting your error.
Unlike liberals, we conservatives are very forgiving people. Just admit your mistake, embrace the truth and join us! :-) --Ed Poor Talk 09:04, 1 October 2007 (EDT)
Your first paragraph, even if true, would not be a defense for Wikipedia, so it is irrelevant and I'll ignore it.
Your second paragraph fails to address the essence of Wikipedia's defamation as quoted in point 1: "Conservapedia is a wiki-based web encyclopedia project with the stated purpose of creating an encyclopedia... supportive of... Young Earth creationism."
This is a great example of the danger of ellipses. Maybe it was different when whoever wrote this, but here's what it says now: "Conservapedia is an English-language wiki-based web encyclopedia project with the stated purpose of creating an encyclopedia written from a sociallyand economically-conservative viewpoint supportive of Conservative Christianity." This is a true statement that few CPers would argue with. Young Earth creationism is mentioned in the next sentence, which makes this "quote" pathetically misleading and its attempted point laughably meaningless. RWest 15:08, 11 October 2007 (EDT)
It's not just that Wikipedia's statement is false. It


Don't Make Your Children Feel Like They're a Burden
30 January, 2020
Becoming a mother is a choice that's entirely up to you. Because of this, don't make your children feel like they're a burden or take away your happiness.
Being a mother can be a tough and demanding job. Suddenly, you're in charge of a little person that depends on you entirely. However, if you make your children feel like they're a burden, your relationship can be strained and the psychological consequences that come with it can be long-lasting.
Everybody wants to feel loved and appreciated. However, having children is a selfless act. If you expect retribution, you'll feel frustrated and make it hard to create a bond with your children.
Don't Make Your Children Feel Like They're a Burden
Reasons why you should never make your children feel like they're a burden
1. You decided to become a mom
Becoming a mother is a personal choice, besides whatever social or family pressure you may be under, and everybody goes through different circumstances. Remember that you decided to have a child, and you decided to follow this path.
Maybe things are harder than you thought they'd be. You didn't expect your life to change this much, but this isn't a reason to make your children feel like they're a burden.
2. Unconditional love is the key
Your children will depend on you to cover their needs for food, love, and protection. They can't fend for themselves and need to trust that their parents will always be there. Their life depends on that.
It's easy to understand how important a mother is in their child's psychological development. This is their first and most important relationship. Growing up with a mother that constantly reminds them of the sacrifice they did for their children, of everything they left behind to take care of them, can take a toll on your child's mind.
Your child will understand that you didn't want them, they're not what they expected them to be, that you're not happy with them. The ground that constitutes unconditional love isn't there. Your child will feel confused, lost and not enough. If their mom thinks they're a burden, will somebody else love them?
Don't Make Your Children Feel Like They're a Burden
3. Being a mother doesn't stop you from being a woman
Some women lose themselves into motherhood. They quit their jobs, their friends and their interests, and dedicate themselves exclusively to raising their children. Women don't need to do this, nor should they go to the extremes. You're still human – you have needs, opinions, ideas, and a life of your own.
If you make your children the center of your existence, you're putting them under a lot of pressure. Don't give them the responsibility of making you happy. Your mood can't depend on what they do or accomplish in life. Frustration will settle. Your happiness is up to you. You need to work on having a complete and satisfying life.
Don't Make Your Children Feel Like They're a Burden
Don't make your children feel like they're a burden
Children need a mother that feels happy and whole by herself. Someone that can offer them unconditional love and support, so they can become healthy adults. Don't make your children feel like they're a burden, that you don't want them, or talk about the things you'd rather be doing.
If you do, they'll blame themselves for your unhappiness. They'll grow up with fear and feeling inferior. Your children will become anxious adults, trying to please others because they don't feel worthy of being loved. Besides, your children will resent you. Love your children unconditionally and make them feel loved.
Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental psychology28(5), 759.
Feeney, J., & Noller, P. (2001). Apego adulto. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.


text:
New Detailed Understanding of the Mechanism of Radiation in Interconnect Problems
Electromagnetic radiations from parasitic structures such as electronic interconnections are very difficult to diagnose because the ability to identify the specific sources are missing. Mainly, the source of radiations cannot be identified separately. Here, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is extended to diagnose the radiation and its distribution. For the first time we identify the individual sources of radiation and the equivalence circuits for the sources. The proposed approach can be applied to find the radiation for electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a wide variety of structures.
Y. S. Cao et al., "New Detailed Understanding of the Mechanism of Radiation in Interconnect Problems," Proceedings of the 25th IEEE Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems (2016, San Diego, CA), pp. 219-221, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct 2016.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
25th IEEE Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems (2016: Oct. 23-26, San Diego, CA)
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Laboratory
Keywords and Phrases
Electric Network Analysis; Electromagnetic Pulse; Electronics Packaging; Equivalent Circuits; Partial-Element Equivalent-Circuit Methods; Radiation; Integrated Circuit Modeling; Connectors; Integrated Circuit Interconnections; RLC Circuits; Electric Potential; Mathematical Model; Printed Circuit Interconnections; Electromagnetic Interference; EMI; Electromagnetic Radiations; Parasitic Structures; Electronic Interconnections; Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Method; PEEC Method
International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Conference proceedings
© 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), All rights reserved.


text:
A Rapid Hierarchical Radiosity Algorithm
Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1991
This paper presents a rapid hierarchical radiosity algorithm for
illuminating scenes containing large polygonal patches. The algorithm
constructs a hierarchical representation of the form factor matrix by
adaptively subdividing patches into subpatches according to a user-supplied
error bound. The algorithm guarantees that all form factors are calculated
to the same precision, removing many common image artifacts due to
inaccurate form factors. More importantly, the algorithm decomposes the
form factor matrix into at most $O(n)$ blocks (where $n$ is the number of
elements). Previous radiosity algorithms represented the
element-to-element transport interactions with $n^2$ form factors.
Visibility algorithms are given that work well with this approach.
Standard techniques for shooting and gathering can be used with the
hierarchical representation to solve for equilibrium radiosities, but we
also discuss using a brightness-weighted error criteria, in conjunction
with multigridding, to even more rapidly progressively refine the image.
Additional information available:
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text:
You will need a pair of headphones or ear buds.
- The pair that came with your phone will work fine.
Your computer needs to have a webcam
- If your computer has video chat capabilities, you should be set.
If you see a box in STEP 2 asking you for access to your camera and microphone, please click "Allow," then "Close." Here's an example:
STEP 2 - Recording
In the box below, click "record from webcam." RECORDING WILL BEGIN IMMEDIATELY.
Then scroll down and press the play button.


text:
The Surviving Eight are eight prominent heroes who escaped the Rikti War with their lives. They have dedicated themselves to helping Paragon City rebuild after the war devastated much of the area. They help inspire the next generation of heroes, setting an example and helping them however they can.
- Technically, Numina did not survive the war, as she had already been dead for quite some time when it happened.
- Most of the surviving eight comprise the Freedom Phalanx, except for Back Alley Brawler, who founded the Regulators.
- Back Alley Brawler is the only member of the Surviving Eight who is a trainer. The rest offer Task Forces. In order of Security Level, their Task Forces are: Positron, Synapse, Sister Psyche, Citadel, Manticore, Numina, and then Statesman.


expand {1,3,4,8} to get {1,3,4}, at the same distance as {1,3,4,8}, and {8}, the distance of which is shown by the diagonal red line. Current queue in order: {1,3,4}, {8}, 5, {2}, {6,7}, 9 We extract and expand {1,3,4}, which is a leaf region, and add the three points. Point 4 is closest, point 3 lies between {6,7} and 9 in distance, and point 1 is slightly closer than point 9. Current queue in order: 4, {8}, 5, {2}, {6,7}, 3, 1, 9 We extract and output point 4, the closest point. We expand region {8} and add point 8, which is slightly farther than point 3. Current queue in order: 5, {2}, {6,7}, 3, 8, 1, 9 We extract and output point 5. We expand region {2} and add point 2, which is slightly closer than point 8. Current queue in order: {6,7}, 3, 2, 8, 1, 9 We extract and expand region {6,7}, adding points 6 and 7. Point 6 is farthest yet and point 7 even farther. Current queue in order: 3, 2, 8, 1, 9, 6, 7 We've now expanded all regions and the remaining points in the queue are the remaining points not yet outputted in order. The nice thing about this particular algorithm is that it's fully incremental: we could have stopped at any time once we had enough points, and pick up later when we want more. This makes it quite appealing in database queries, where you don't really know how many points you need in advance, because you might want to filter the results according to additional attributes. In practice, in a typical spatial database, one only needs to expand a small fraction of the regions in order to find a small number of closest points. The idea can be extended into higher-dimensional regions, spatial objects other than points such as areas and line segments, and even more general problems where one can easily compute the minimum key of a subtree of objects. I hope you found this informative and I appreciate your comments.MSDNArchive list processing in C# 2.0 with anonymous delegatesOne of the benefits of functional languages is their great flexibility in list manipulation, which enables them to express certain computations concisely that would require one or more verbose loops in procedural languages. Many of the features that functional programmers take for granted such as first class functions, persistent data structures, and garbage collection were included in Lisp partly for the purpose of convenient list processing (Lisp stands for "LISt Processing"). Although C# is not a functional language, in C# 2.0 and the accompanying.NET Framework 2.0, a number of constructs and library calls have been added that allow generic List objects to be manipulated in a more functional way. The most important of these is anonymous delegates, which are the same construct that functional programmers call closures. We start out with the following method, which removes all elements from a list that match a given condition, passed in as a delegate: delegate bool Predicate<T>(T arg); static void RemoveAll<T>(List<T> list, Predicate<T> condition) { int i=0; while (i < list.Count) { if (condition(list[i])) list.RemoveAt(i); else i++; } } The use of the word "predicate" here comes from the mathematical predicate, which is just a function that yields a boolean true/false value. Now say we have a list of integers, and we want to remove all the multiples of x, where x is a given number. In C# 1.0, using RemoveAll for this is so no easy task, requiring a temporary object: class RemoveMultiplesOfHelper { private int x; public RemoveMultiplesOfHelper(int x) { this.x = x; } public bool IsMultiple(int n) { return (n % x) == 0; } } static void RemoveMultiplesOf(List<int> list, int x) { RemoveAll<int>(list, new RemoveMultiplesOfHelper(x).IsMultiple); } The advantages of reusing RemoveAll are important: it's tricky to iterate through a list while removing elements from it, and programmers often introduce subtle bugs while attempting to do so. But this code has serious problems too: it's a hassle to write, it's verbose, the "temporary" class isn't very reusable and is difficult to name, and the code is spread all over the place, making the flow of execution difficult to follow. Because of these issues, many procedural programmers opt to reinvent the wheel instead. Anonymous delegates solve all these problems. An anonymous delegate allows you to write code right in the middle of a method which has access to all the local variables in that method, and then package it up and pass it to another method to execute later. Here's our example using anonymous delegates: static void RemoveMultiplesOf(List<int> list, int x) { RemoveAll<int>(list, delegate(int y) { return (y % x) == 0; }); } In this much briefer implementation, the delegate "captures" the local value of x at the instant of its creation, then later RemoveAll uses it in computations. Another handy trick you can do with anonymous delegates is take a method signature that doesn't quite fit an existing delegate and translate it into one that does. For example, suppose you're sorting a List using the overload of the Sort method that takes a System.Comparison delegate. Now say you're sorting a list of strings, and you have a string comparison method that takes a boolean determining whether the comparison is case-sensitive: delegate int Comparison<T>(T left, T right); void Sort<T>(Comparison<T> comparison); int StringCompare(string left, string right, bool caseSensitive); At first you appear to be in quite a pickle, as the signature of the StringCompare method does not exactly match the delegate signature Comparison<string>. Anonymous delegates make it easy to overcome this problem: static void SortStrings(List<string> a, bool caseSensitive) { a.Sort(delegate(string left, string right) { return StringCompare(left, right, caseSensitive); }); } We simultaneously match the desired delegate signature and push the decision of whether to sort case-sensitively or not to the caller, where it belongs, all with very little new code. The advantages of anonymous delegates make functions like our Sort and RemoveAll considerably more useful. Consequently, a number of such functions were included with the generic List class in.NET 2.0: RemoveAll(Predicate<T>): Like our RemoveAll implementation above, removes all elements from a list matching a predicate. Sort(Comparison<T>): Mentioned above, this is a Sort method that takes a delegate. Sorting with anonymous delegates is very handy for unusual sorting orders; for example, the following sorts a list of integers in reverse order: list.Sort(delegate(int x, int y) { return y.CompareTo(x); }); Find(Predicate<T>): Finds the first element in a list satisfying a predicate. Handy for replacing linear searches. For example, this single line of code identifies the first file in the current directory modified in the last hour, or yields null if none: new List<string>(Directory.GetFiles(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())).Find( delegate(string path) { return File.GetLastWriteTime(path) >= DateTime.Now - new TimeSpan(1, 0, 0); }); Exists(Predicate<T>): Determines whether a list contains an element satisfying a predicate. Besides its added readability in situations where you only care about the existence


From SPARQL Working Group
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SPARQL expressions use a 3-state logic: true, false and unknown. Unknown is the error-raised case. To make sure a processor only returns things known to be true, FILTER turns "unknown" into false.
For the expression;
"foo"^^xsd:string != "10"^^xsd:integer
then a minimal SPARQL 1.0 query processor is not required to know that the value spaces of xsd:string and xsd:integer are disjoint. For a processor that does not know this, the result of the comparison is "unknown" and an error is raised. If the processor did know they are disjoint, then it can return "true" -- such behavior would be adding a row to the dispatch table for functions for "xsd:string != xsd:integer".
NOT IN is value based and builds on this. If the processor understands that xsd:string and the numeric value spaces are disjoint, then it would return:
?book ?discount
<> "70"
<> "700.0"^^xsd:float
<> 41
which is what I think you are expecting. It's the additional fact of xsd:string and xsd:integer having disjoint value spaces that is key here.
Being value based:
"700"^^xsd:float IN (500, 600, 700) is true.
Using sameTerm it would be false which might be surprising.
Andy, on behalf of the SPARQL-WG


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Mini folds in Oman
This outcrop of Permian limestone aged around 270 million years old consists of thin layers of marine sediment deposited in the Tethys ocean, an ocean that has since closed due to movements of the earth's continental plates. Each layer forms its own fold but they are all oriented in the same direction, leading geologists to believe that they all developed around 90 million years ago, when the Tethys sediments (which were situated in front of Oman's northern coast) were thrusted over the Arabian continent. This movement applied intense squeezing pressure and heat to the rocks, causing them to become soft and plastic like leading to these small folds


text:
Introducing the Performance of Political Feeling
- Date: Wednesday 27 February 2019, 14:00 – 16:00
- Location: University House
- Type: Seminars and lectures
- Cost: Free
covering Interdisciplinary Approaches and Perspectives
Part of the 2018-19 Sadler Seminar Series, 'The Performance of Political Feeling'
Across the disciplines of arts, humanities and social sciences, contemporary academic research has increasingly sought to devote attention toward the topic of emotion. Paired with an emerging focus in the political arena on the performance of emotion - and indeed political feeling more broadly, – this seminar aims to bring together academics from different disciplines to explore when, how and through what methods and means political feeling is constructed, mediated, understood and theorised. The event will use a film/television montage of events from political and cultural life that speak to the themes of politics/emotion/performance to stimulate conversation. Key questions include:
- What is political feeling? And how do political feelings emerge?
- What political feelings matter – to whom? And how, when and where are they mediated?
- What tenets of performance emerge from political feeling?
- What do the arts, humanities and social sciences do with the study of political feeling?
Key information and speakers:
The event will be introduced by Dr Beth Johnson and facilitated by Professor Stephen Coleman. The second half of the seminar will feature a short talk from writer, broadcaster and performer, Dr Kate Fox
Places are limited for this event, so if you would like to come along please send your rsvp to the seminar convener Beth Johnson
Location: St George Room, University House.


This Sea Slug Looks Like A Day-Glo Sheep And Can Photosynthesize Its Own Food
Recently, we told you about jorunna parva, a sea slug that bears an uncanny resemblance to a bunny. Now, there's another adorable slug to check out.
Costasiella kuroshimae is a tiny species of sea slug that is commonly known as Kuroshima's Avrainvillea Slug. It's named after the island in Japan where it was first discovered and described.
But a more accurate (and cuter) name might be Sea Sheep.
Jim Lynn
Costasiella kuroshimae is tiny, growing to just 5 mm in length. The slug's antennae resemble a sheep's ears.
T. Djauw
After their initial discovery in Japan, the creatures have also been spotted by scientists in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Jim Lynn
Just like sheep, costasiella kuroshimae are vegetarians. They feed on marine algae.
Jim Lynn
But the most amazing thing about these psychedelic "sheep" is that they're able to photosynthesize food, just like plants.
Johnny Chiu
Normally, aside from plants, only single-cell animals are capable of photosynthesis. But the slug uses a process known as kleptoplasty to extract the chloroplasts from its food and incorporate them into its own body.
Randi Ang
Basically, it's an adorable, tiny, solar-powered underwater sheep.
Lynn Wu
See it in action below:
[youtube id="49k1lEXxbkA"]


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ActivistTM: Conspicuous Consumption and Social Change
Sophie van den Elzen
What does the good fight smell like? For the 2019 holiday season, well-known cosmetics franchise The Body Shop has laid claim to the answer and has bottled a "lasting warm and spicy scent" under the name ActivistTM. I recently came across this product during my Christmas shopping and had difficulty picturing what ethically-sourced pine tree this present might fit under.
The Body Shop's new fragrance is 'on brand'. It conveys an image that the company has cultivated for years: of being a 'revolutionary' cruelty-free and sustainable cosmetics producer. At the same time, it points to a wider consumer trend inspired by the waves of protest that have captured popular imagination in the past decade, from which brands like The Body Shop and Pepsi seek to benefit. The incorporation of conspicuous elements of activist counterculture into the mainstream is not just visible in retail. It is also seen in large-scale pop culture events such as the 2016 Superbowl half-time show, in which Beyoncé put on a Black Panther-inspired performance and Coldplay staged a marriage-equality rainbow wave. In 'high culture', one sees it reflected in curatorial decisions that are captured under the umbrella term 'museum activism'. Where does 'genuine' activism end and consumer behaviour begin? Is their entanglement a sinister new development of late stage capitalism or a fluctuating fixture of political activism? Looking back at the nineteenth-century movements I study for my PhD research may suggest some answers to this set of questions.
At the turn of the twentieth century, English suffragettes and their sympathisers could signal their allegiance to the cause by wearing suffrage accessories in purple, white and green, the official colours of the Women's Social and Political Union. These ranged from simple buttons to elaborate jewelry for wealthier aspirants, like the silver 'Holloway Brooches' Sylvia Pankhurst designed in 1909. In some cases, purchase of these products supported the cause of female suffrage. In others, however, profits went to high-end retailers. London jewelers Mappin and Webb, for instance, included "Suffrage Jewelry" in their 1908 Christmas catalogue, as a Vogue article inspired by the 2015 feature film Suffragette tells us (an example of a layer cake of activism and consumerism).
The suffragettes' strategic merchandise drew on older traditions of women's social engagement through display, production and consumption. The campaigns to end slavery and the slave trade involved conspicuous production and consumption beyond the halls of the charity bazaar. Some adherents chose to wear abolition jewelry, such as the 'Slave Medallion', a cameo which was mass produced by British pottery manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood. The popular demand for this symbol (accessory?) brought the famous movement motto (slogan?) "Am I Not A Man and a Brother?" to wide audiences. Astoundingly, late eighteenth-century British campaigns to convince women to boycott sugar from the West Indies produced a range of abolitionist crockery, bringing antislavery arguments to that European altar of colonial consumption: the family tea table.
The blurring of the lines between consumer culture and social engagement has drawn considerable criticism over the last few years. In his typically bleak 2014 opinion piece, Slavoj Žižek considers the commodification of social engagement to be a way of integrating the legacy of 1968 into capitalism. But even though anti-consumerism may have been a pillar of many hippie and student movements of the sixties, conspicuous consumption has been a component of social reform since the development of modern activism in the late eighteenth century.
What is more, the significance of production and consumption for social movements goes beyond short-term political and fundraising goals. Imagery and design features that are aimed towards broad audiences have left lasting traces in cultural memory. They produce mobile visual icons through which we often recall these movements and exert their influence on the visual language of other movements across time and space (see, for example, the wide reuse of Frank Cieciorka's 1967 woodcut of the clenched fist salute across both serious and poppy domains).
The Body Shop's recent allspice article, of course, has none of this expressive potential. It speaks only to the appeal of a certain self-image or species of fuzzy feeling associated with believing oneself ally to a worthy cause. The design of its plain, matte black bottle conveys a sense of laser-focused commitment, while conveniently avoiding the risk of alienating customers with reference to any cause in particular. Clever. To my mind, ActivistTM points to the curious heights the consumption-side of what seems to be an old activist-consumption seesaw, has recently taken.


Hephaestian Plane, Vulgo Vulcani (3.5e Environment)
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A plane handed down from the overdeity Hephaestian, ancient blacksmith of the gods. Vulgo Vulcani is a plane without equal in the pursuance of the finest materials and techniques of blacksmithing. Many worlds are earthlike with no particular dominant element but each planet has something in common. The rarest ores in the multiverse can be found here and blacksmithing is substantially easier due to the magic of this dimension. Xemus's the son of Hephaestus inherited this plane from him as he himself passed into nothingness. The legendary volcano forge of hephaestus exists here on Vulgo Vulcani, Xemus's world, for his own use.
Plane Traits[edit]
Physical Traits[edit]
 - Gravity: Normal:The usual rules for ability scores, carrying capacity, and encumbrance apply.
Subjective Directional Gravity: located in forgeries by blacksmiths, allows for better weaponsmithing and while used to smith offers +5 bonus for every wisdom bonus above 16.
 - Time: Flowing Time, slowed: Time still passes, but the effects of time are diminished.This affects hunger, thirst, aging, the effects of poison, and healing.
 - Size: Finite Size: This plane though finite is extremely vast to encompass all the rarest maetrials and ores in the multiverse.
 - Morphic: Alterable Morphic: objects remain where they are (and what they are) unless affected by physical force or magic. You can change the immediate environment as a result of tangible effort
Magic, Alignment, and Energy/Elemental Traits[edit]
 - Elemental Dominance:
Fire: The forging capabilities of this plane are extraoridnary. The Fire dominant sections of this plane are located entirely within specific starforges which must be entered to use. When entered unprotected wood, paper, cloth, and other flammable materials catch fire almost immediately, and those wearing unprotected flammable clothing catch on fire. In addition, individuals take 3d10 points of fire damage every round they are in a star forge unless magically protected. Those that are made of water take double damage each round. In the grand starforge in the form of a volcano on the planet Vulgo Vulcanis individuals incur 6d20dmg of fire damage every round while while those made of water burst into flames and are killed instantly.
 - Energy Dominance:
Positive: Other than the forges the planets can be described as a riotous explosion of life in all its forms. Colors are brighter, fires are hotter, noises are louder, and sensations are more intense as a result of the positive energy swirling through the plane. All individuals in this plane gain fast healing 2 as an extraordinary ability.
 - Alignment Trait:
The Hephaestus plane Vulgo Vulcani is considered mildly neutral-aligned, though it may contain high concentrations of evil or good, law or chaos in places.
 - Magic Trait:
Enhanced: Magic of the fire element are enhanced to double their strength or damage in a forge or blacksmith area.
Plane Links[edit]
This plane can only be accessed through an ritual known as the Path Forge. Access can then be accessed through the gateway at any time.
Plane Inhabitants[edit]
VulgansHumanoid people though appear to have much stronger body builds for both male and female counterparts. They create weapons and armor for warring countries and are intelligent as well as versetile in the way they conduct themselves.
Movement and Combat[edit]
Normal: movement and combat is normal done the same as through the material plane.
Features of the Plane[edit]
Vast and spacelike the plane is almost exactly like the material plane but the positive energy makes everything much more lively. The massive forge constructs located on every planet to make the most powerfull equipment are entered by only the most revered blacksmiths. There are towns cities people, dungeons, monsters, and even dragons. Though everything is slightly stronger than normal
Plane Encounters[edit]
More vibrant colored versions of monsters exist here. They are also much stronger than normal due to having survived the extreme war prowess of this plane. Rare ruins or deposits of rare ore are usually guarded by powerfull constructs or monsters that protect it with their lives.
Alternate Variances[edit]
Planets can be whatever you can imagine, though, think medevil earth. monsters are much stronger than normal, usually a simple kobold has double hitpoints, attack, and damage than normal. Forges greatly inhance craft skills and illemenate xp cost for creating any type of item. amount of days to make also decrese by half as also cost. While using a starforge caster level required is ignored. though caster/creater level of 25 must be had to enter.
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text:
SGO1 but not SGO2 is required for maintenance of centromere cohesion in Arabidopsis thaliana meiosis
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Zamariola, L., De Storme, N., Tiang, C. et al. Plant Reprod (2013) 26: 197. doi:10.1007/s00497-_PHONE_-x
- 511 Downloads
Shugoshin is a protein conserved in eukaryotes and protects sister chromatid cohesion at centromeres in meiosis. In our study, we identified the homologs of SGO1 and SGO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that AtSGO1 is necessary for the maintenance of centromere cohesion in meiosis I since atsgo1 mutants display premature separation of sister chromatids starting from anaphase I. Furthermore, we show that the localization of the specific centromeric cohesin AtSYN1 is not affected in atsgo1, suggesting that SGO1 centromere cohesion maintenance is not mediated by protection of SYN1 from cleavage. Finally, we show that AtSGO2 is dispensable for both meiotic and mitotic cell progression in Arabidopsis.


The ABC of Poultry Farming in Nigeria for Agripreneurs
Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese, etc for their eggs and meat. Raising of domesticated birds is common practice in Nigeria. But my interest in this article – the ABC of Poultry Farming in Nigeria for Agripreneurs is purely to emphasis the business side of poultry farming.
Poultry farming business is very easy to start and be successful running it once the basic knowledge of the business, the passion and commitment to succeed as an entrepreneur is there.
Below is the ABC of Poultry Farming in Nigeria for Agripreneurs
A. There is a large market for poultry farm products
Agripreneurs should be aware that the demand for poultry farm products is very high in Nigeria because of the population and the demand for eggs and meat as basic food for almost every family in the country.
B. It is easy to start a poultry farming business in Nigeria
Poultry farming is easy to start in Nigeria. These are the basic things required to start the poultry farming business in Nigeria.
1. You have to make a detailed research about poultry farming especially on the bird you want to concentrate on.
2. Draft your simple business plan for the poultry farming business.
3. Select the location for your poultry farm. Avoid setting up the farm very close to residential areas as poultry farms wastes have offensive odour except you will be ensuring that your farm is cleaned frequently to forestall sanitation challenge that arise. Also, consider transportation system and availability of medical facilities while selecting your farm location.
4. Construct good shelter for your birds
5. Purchase required equipment for your poultry farm. You have to purchase the required equipment for your poultry based on the size of your farm.
6. Employ the required number of staff to assist you based on your business plan.
7. Purchase your chicks based on the objective of your farm.
8. Start your poultry farm.
C. It is easy to grow a poultry farming business in Nigeria
Agripreneurs with focus and determination can easily grow their poultry farming business in Nigeria even if they started small. Once the poultry business plan is followed and the right things done regularly; like feeding the birds well, regulating the temperature of the farm, cleaning the farm, securing the birds, etc, the poultry farm business will naturally grow.
Nigeria has a great weather when it comes poultry farming and below are the necessary things that should be done by any Agripreneur that wants to successfully grow his or her poultry farming business.
1. Feed the birds very well. It is very important that the birds are well fed as it's necessary for the birds' growth, health and productivity.
2. Ensure that the hygiene level of your poultry farm is good.
3. Ensure the temperature of the farm is adequately regulated.
4. Provide good medication for the birds
5. Ensure you follow the marketing plan on your business plan as well as create additional market as you make progress.
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text:
Adam D. McCune
Politician. Born: November 26, 1827, Jefferson County, Ohio. Married: Margaret A. Medill, October 2, 1851. Died: August 18, 1866.
Born in Jefferson County, Ohio, on November 26, 1827, and raised on a farm, Adam D. McCune married Margaret A. Medill on October 2, 1851, and they moved their young family, which consisted of two sons and a daughter, to Kansas in 1857. He immediately purchased 540 acres of land in Leavenworth County, turned "his attention to general farm pursuits," and was active in local affairs. McCune easily won election on June 7, 1859, as delegate to the Wyandotte Convention, and thus became a part of his county's ten-member Democratic delegation. Although he seems not to have played a significant role in the convention, McCune served on the five-member committee appointed to investigate the perjury charge leveled against delegate William Hutchinson near the end of the proceedings. When McCune died on August 18, 1866, just nine years after moving to Kansas, Margaret McCune was left the head of a household of eight children, ages sixteen to two years. "The outlook might have been discouraging to some, but not so to her," reported the Portrait and Biographical Record in 1899. "With indomitable spirit, and assisted by her children, she conducted the farm, superintended the planting and harvesting of the crops, and finally succeeded in clearing the debt. Since then she has been uniformly prosperous."
Entry: McCune, Adam D.
Author: Kristina Gaylord
Date Created: June 2011
Date Modified: November 2012
The author of this article is solely responsible for its content.