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The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) is conducting surveys for new and emerging pests in some of Minnesota's key agricultural crops. The surveys help Minnesota farmers identify pest infestations in their early stages, when they are easier to control or eradicate. Accurate pest surveys also help ensure access to domestic and foreign trade markets for Minnesota commodities.
"Conducting surveys for new and emerging pests is an important service we provide for Minnesota farmers," said Geir Friisoe, MDA's Plant Protection Division Director. "Not only does it help farmers by alerting them to potential pest problems, but it also helps reassure our international customers that our farm products are free of destructive pests."
The brown marmorated stink bug, a new arrival in Minnesota, will be included in all crop surveys due to its ability to feed on and damage a variety of plant species. Beyond that general pest, this year's Agricultural Pest Survey will have three areas of focus: small grains, corn and soybeans.
In small grains, target pests include the cereal leaf beetle, which can reduce yields by feeding on leaves and is a concern for trade markets. In corn, target pests include two moths, a beetle and a fungal disease not known to occur in the U.S. that could impact yields and trade access. The corn survey will also include Goss's wilt, which is a new disease spreading through the state. In soybeans, target pests include the kudzu bug, which is a new soybean pest in the southeastern U.S., and sudden death syndrome ‑ a new plant disease spreading through the state.
In addition to these large surveys, staff will assist with surveys for plum pox virus in plums and thousand cankers disease in walnut trees.
The Agricultural Pest Survey is conducted by field staff stationed throughout the agricultural regions of the state, and is coordinated through MDA's St. Paul office. Surveys information is gathered through traps, visual survey, and sweep nets. The surveys will be conducted through August. Questions about the surveys and the targeted pests can be directed to MDA at _PHONE_ (voicemail) or _EMAIL_.


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Education technology startup Desire2Learn just acquired Knowillage for an undisclosed sum.
Desire2Learn has raised the second largest venture round for a Canadian startup, only recently beat by Hootsuite. What this means is that the company has the resources to make strategic acquisitions, and grow its team quickly.
This acquisition is intended to augment Desire2Learn's existing suite of cloud-based teaching tools. It'a also an excuse for Desire2Learn to open a Vancouver office, as the Knowillage team is based in the heart of British Columbia.
Knowillage is best known for its adaptive learning technology, meaning that it helps teachers tweak lessons plans for each individual student — and not just teach to the middle.
"Schools are struggling with high dropout rates," said Desire2Learn chief executive John Baker, in an interview. Baker identified Knowillage as an acquisition target, as he says the software can make teachers "be more successful in their jobs."
Baker doesn't plan to shutter the product post-acquistition. Instead, he'll hire about 20 more engineers to build out core offering, and integrate it into Desire2Learn.
Knowillage is best known in the ed-tech market for its Leap product. Leap is an analytics toolset that teachers use to identify gaps in students' knowledge and understanding.
For instance, a fifth-grade math teacher could use Leap to find out which students have mastered a set of geometry problems — and those who need a bit more help.
Desire2Learn competes with education technology giants like Blackboard and Canvas by Instructure, an open source learning management platform. The company claims its tools are used by 750 clients, primarily school districts, and 10 million learners.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Take a look at the below list of Top 10 Transparent Animals in The World 2017. Some animals are unique and some are just disgusting but these ten transparent animals will make you wonder if your eyes are playing tricks on you. The fact that they are transparent amazes some people. With them being transparent you sometimes don't even realize you are near one. If you look closely at one of these animals you can see there insides because they only have transparent skin. Some live in the water and some live in the forest but either way they look pretty amazing to some people and some may say its gross.These transparent animals range from jellyfish to frogs to butterflies.
List of Top 10 Transparent Animals in The World 2017
This amazing frog has a semi-transparent skin, allowing you to see inside its tiny body. Glass frogs live in and among the trees and plants in the mountain forests in Central and South America. The Glass Frog is active at night so that they can hide easier from there predators. When it comes to breeding season they live along rivers and streams where they can lay there eggs on leaves that hang over the water. The weather where they live is becoming more dry so it is making it harder for them to survive.
9.)Transparent Barreleye FishThe Barrel eye fish lives in the North Pacific and lives at least 600 to 800 meters under water. This fish has large flat fins which allow them to remain motionless in the water. The pigments in the eyes help block out the sunlight from the sea surface in order for them to see other fish and there prey. The Barrel Eyed fish was known since 1939 but was not found alive till 2004.
8.)Glass winged ButterflyThese beautiful glass winged butterflies are found in Central America. The name glass winged came from the fact that there wings are almost completely transparent. Unlike other butterflies these glass winged butterflies use there wings to hide from there predators rather than use colors from there wings. Even though the wings are transparent and look very thin don't let that fool you, they can travel up to 12 miles in a day and are very strong. The males put out pheromones during mating season so that predators will stay away.
There are over 60 different glass squid and all have a unique different look. They are found in the depths of the ocean where the sun light helps them become camouflage. Some have a bio-luminescent light organ on the underside of their eyes. Most squids have a swollen body and short arms.
6.)Transparent Zebra FishThe female zebra fish will swim in swarms to the bottom of the ocean floor and lay clutches of hundreds of eggs that are then fertilized by there partners. Within days of the female laying these eggs the fish will be ready to hunt and find their own prey. Scientist have been known to be using these zebra fish for research because of their transparent bodies. The fact that they can be viewed on the inside helps scientist see how certain diseases move through the body and may help with finding cures for certain things.
5.)Transparent Ice fishThe ice fish also known as the "white crocodile fish" has large eyes, a long toothed snout, and diaphanous fins. It is scaleless and pale, when cut open the blood is transparent as well. The gills of this fish are soft and white, almost like vanilla yogurt. They are known to be the only vertebrates that lack red blood cells or hemoglobin. Having no red blood cells they had to adapt to there surroundings but they have more energy than most fish.
This tiny and transparent amphipod has two large eyes that looks like a space helmet on their heads. It has 32 retinas, 16 on each helping them see a lot better than other fish in the ocean. They live off the cost of California at the depths of 150 to 500 meters. While it swims its eyes are pointed upward to search for prey.
3.)Transparent Larval ShrimpLarval Shrimp go through lots of stages before they become full grown. First the female will lay the eggs, once she releases the eggs the sperm that is attached to her will fertilize them. It only takes 14 to 18 hours for an egg to hatch. Then they go through a stage called nauplii which only takes about 1 to 1 and 1/2 days. They then go through other stages before they are full grown which include, Zoea, Mysis, Post-Larvae. After these stages and about 9 to 14 months later they are fully grown and ready to breed again.
Salp go through waters pumping the water through their bodies.They are more related to humans than jellyfish because of the backbones they have. Some people think because they look like jellyfish that they are related but they are not. There are over 70 species of different salp and they range from 1 to 20 centimeters in length. This is the one of the world's most amazing Transparent Animals 2017.
1.) Transparent JellyfishJellyfish can be as big as a human and as small as a pinhead. You can eat some types of jellyfish. Jellyfish have been on this earth way before the dinosaurs so that makes them older than anything that lives. They have no brains but some have eyes. Jellyfish are only made up of water and protein and a group of them together are called a smack.
So, these are the world's most amazing Top 10 Transparent Animals 2017. All of these animals are very cool. Some seem dangerous and others you just want to pick up and hold because of how cute they are. If you really think about it most of these animals are transparent because it helps them hide from other animals that could harm them or even kill them. Some seem to be helpful to us humans and some just want to be left alone. If you ever see an animal like this do not touch it without doing your research because you could get hurt or you could hurt them.


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Site Selection for Thornless Blackberries Based on Past Kentucky
Low Temperature Weather Data
John Strang, April Satanek, Chris Smigell, and Tom Shearin
Department of Horticulture,
Department of Landscape Architecture,
Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering,
University of Kentucky
Thornless blackberries are less able to survive cold winters than thorny blackberries. Consequently this map has been developed to show areas of Kentucky that tend to be historically warmer and more suitable to thornless blackberry production, as well as areas that are much colder and less profitable for production.
In order to understand winter injury, a brief explanation of terms may be helpful. Blackberries produce canes the first season and these are called primocanes. These do not normally produce fruit. (The exception to this rule are the new primocane fruiting varieties.) Once the primocanes winter over they become floricanes, which fruit and die after fruit production.
It is generally accepted that when the winter temperature reaches -10° F or lower, thornless erect and thornless semi-erect blackberries sustain serious floricane injury, and as a result there is little or no fruit production in the coming season. Temperatures this low do not injure the root system, so the plants survive and primocanes are still produced in the spring.
Once the chilling requirement for blackberries has been satisfied, they begin dehardening upon exposure to warm temperatures. Then, as spring approaches the floricanes may be injured at temperatures considerably warmer than -10° F. Blackberries may also sustain late spring frost injury that reduces the current season's crop. Thorny varieties generally break bud earlier in the spring and are consequently more prone to late spring frost injury than thornless varieties.
The following map was developed using National Weather Service records from many weather stations in Kentucky and surrounding states.
For each weather station, the average number of years that -10° F or lower was reached over a 10 year period was calculated, using the temperature data for as many years as was available. Temperature records used to calculate these averages ranged from as little as 12 years at some stations to106 years at others.
If -10° F or lower was reached more than once in a winter, this was still recorded as one incident. In other words, if there were multiple -10° F events during a winter this did not add to our average. A site that received multiple injurious events in a winter would be considered colder and less desirable than a site where -10° F was reached only once. Thus, the numbers on this map are conservative in this respect.
Please keep in mind that we do not know the elevation at which these temperatures were recorded. There can be substantial temperature differences based on the elevation of a certain weather station relative to your location. Lower sites tend to be colder and higher sites tend to be warmer. Rivers and large bodies of water can substantially warm sites. Consequently, where temperature measurements were taken very close to large bodies of water, these data were removed from this analysis.


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Drought conditions in Colorado create plague of tumbleweeds clogging roads and waterways
The infrastructure of drought-stricken Colorado is being increasingly, and dangerously, clogged by that iconic image of the American West — the drifting tumbleweed.
Tumbleweeds are created when the above-ground parts of plants detach from the root and are whipped away the wind. The effect of tumbleweeds on the local environment is significant in purely ecological terms, as a single tumbleweed can extract upwards of 44 gallons from the topsoil as it rolls along.
Drought conditions in Colorado have not only exacerbated the creation of new tumbleweeds, they have provided existing tumbleweeds with more dry grass and wheat to entangle as they travel. This season's tumbleweeds are larger, and contain more desiccated material, which means that they are pulling more water from the topsoil, which in turn creates more tumbleweeds.
Left uncorralled, the tumbleweeds can merge on fences and in front of homes, trapping residents behind coils of weeds 10 feet high and six feet deep. They can also clog water canals, such as the ones at Evraz Pueblo, which cost more than $300,000 to remove.
When dry, the painfully thorny brush is not merely difficult to remove, it presents a potential fire hazard.
"They create an issue with us on keeping our fence lines clean," Adam Padilla, a maintenance supervisor for the Colorado Department of Transportation told The Gazette. "And in some locations in southeastern Colorado, they get caught under the wooden bridges and have to be cleaned so it's not a fire hazard."
Moreover, as Crowley County Commissioner Tobe Allumbaugh said, "[t]hey are just absolutely everywhere" and nearly impossible to remove. "They're like herding cats or maybe trying to catch balloons. You hit them with the snowplow and they bounce away, then they move back in behind you."
"You work 10 hours and all you've done is moved them around."
Cathy Garcia, the president of a southern Colorado advocacy group, told The Gazette that "[w]e talked about this issue and [the Department of Local Affairs, the Office of Emergency Management and the Department of Agriculture are] looking at what might be available within their departments as resources to help defray some of the costs of this. We are looking into federal resources and prevention."
["Image via Denise Rowlands on Flickr, Creative Commons Licensed]


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The Community Relations Service is the Department's "peacemaker" for community conflicts and tensions arising from differences of race, color, and national origin. Created by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, CRS is the only Federal agency dedicated to assist State and local units of government, private and public organizations, and community groups with preventing and resolving racial and ethnic tensions, incidents, and civil disorders, and in restoring racial stability and harmony.
With passage of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, CRS also works with communities to employ strategies to prevent and respond to alleged violent hate crimes committed on the basis of actual or perceived race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion or disability. CRS facilitates the development of viable, mutual understandings and agreements as alternatives to coercion, violence, or litigation. It also assists communities in developing local mechanisms, conducting training, and other proactive measures to prevent racial/ethnic tension and violent hate crimes committed on the basis of actual or perceived race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, or disability. CRS does not take sides among disputing parties and, in promoting the principles and ideals of non-discrimination, applies skills that allow parties to come to their own agreement. In performing this mission, CRS deploys highly skilled professional conciliators, who are able to assist people of diverse backgrounds.
For more than 45 years, CRS has been asked to provide its experienced mediators to help local communities resolve conflicts and disturbances relating to race, color, or national origin. Each year CRS' highly skilled conciliators bring hundreds of community-wide conflicts to peaceful closure across America and its territories.
CRS lends its services when requested or accepted by the parties. The Service uses impartial mediation practices and conflict resolution procedures to help local leaders resolve problems and restore stability. CRS has no law enforcement authority and does not impose solutions, investigate, prosecute, or assign blame and fault. All CRS mediators are required by law to conduct their activities in confidence, without publicity, and are prohibited from disclosing confidential information.
CRS conciliators work with State and local officials and community leaders to provide a wide variety of services to address racial issues and prevent violent hate crimes committed on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, or disability. CRS' services include:
- Contributing expertise and guidance on methods and policies that calm tension and conflicts associated with race, color, or national origin or with preventing and responding to violent hate crimes committed on the basis of actual or perceived race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, or disability.
- Enhancing strategies of State and local governments and community groups to prevent and respond to civil disorders.
- Improving lines of communication between parties experiencing tension or conflict, including Federal, State, and local officials, community leaders and residents.
- Helping schools and universities effectively deal with incidents of tension or violence associated with race, color, or national origin or with preventing and responding to violent hate crimes committed on the basis of actual or perceived race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, or disability.
CRS assists willing parties and explores opportunities to develop and implement local strategies that can help law enforcement, local officials, civil rights organizations, and interested community groups respond to alleged hate crimes and find ways to prevent future incidents.
State and local law enforcement officials and community leaders may contact CRS to request assistance in improving communication between law enforcement and community members in the aftermath of a hate crime. CRS may help facilitate dialogues between law enforcement and community members to increase mutual understanding about the investigative and prosecutorial process as well as the concerns of people in the community.
CRS improves community response mechanisms, by facilitating the development of community capacity to help prevent hate crimes with services and programs that include: conciliation, mediation, training, technical assistance, and other tension reduction techniques.
CRS may introduce the community to representatives of agencies that respond to hate crimes, including federal, state, and local law enforcement officials, local government resources as well as community organizations (advocacy organizations, and other service organizations).
CRS also responds to requests for assistance from law enforcement and community organizations for contingency planning and self-marshalling training before large protests or events to help keep events safe. We facilitate meetings between all parties involved, and serve as a neutral entity to ensure logistics are coordinated and that information is shared appropriately.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Cite This Article as
- Corresponding Author
Cadmium sulphide thin films were prepared using the SILAR (successive ionic layer and reaction) method. The films were then doped with zinc and annealed at different annealing temperatures. The as-deposited and annealed films were structurally characterised using X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) studies. The optical characterisation was done using the UV spectrophotometer to investigate the transmittance and reflectance versus wavelength measurements. The structural characterisation reveals that the films were polycrystalline, crystallising mostly with the cubic structure. From the optical characterisation, the energy bandgap for the as-grown layers was found to be in the range 2.30 eV to 3.80 eV which is within the range suitable for use as window layers in solar cell devices.
[P.E. Agbo, F.U. Nweke, P.A. Nwofe and C. N. Ukwu (2014); Temperature Dependent Structural and Optical Properties of Doped Cadmium Sulphide Thin Films Int. J. of Adv. Res. 2 (10). 0] (ISSN 2320-5407). _URL_
Share this article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


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Crystal Quest Water Softener and Tannin Whole House Water Filter System 48,000 Grain Capacity/1.5 Cu. Ft.
View our Comparison Chart of all Tannin Removal Whole House Systems
Crystal Quest® Tannin Water Filters are self-backwashing systems that automatically remove the tannins within the filter bed and washes them down the drain. This is accomplished with the microprocessor control valve that is mounted on top of the Crystal Quest® Tannin Water Filters. This valve is controlled by a meter that calculates the amount of water being used. Once the meter reaches x amount of gallons, it then initiates the backwash cycle that cleans the bed of filtration media and resets it for the next period of filtration.These systems connect to the main line of your home and filters all of the incoming water to it. It requires a nearby power outlet for the control valve. Low maintenance. Just add sodium or potassium pellets to the brine tank.
WATER TRAVELS THROUGH 4 STAGES OF FILTRATION
- Stage 1: Water flows through a 20" sediment cartridge that removes sediment, silt, sand and dirt.
- Stage 2: Water flows through a tannin-reducing mineral tank.
- Stage 3: Water flows through an ion exchange mineral tank and brine water conditioner.
- Stage 4: Water flows through a 20" solid carbon filter cartridge for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), insecticides, pesticides and industrial solvents.*
Additional Product Options:
- Leak Detector Valve
- UltraViolet: Specifically designed to meet the demanding microorganism control concern. These microorganisms can range from bacteria and viruses to algae and protozoa. A major advantage of UV treatment is that it is capable of disinfecting water faster than chlorine without cumbersome retention tanks and harmful chemicals to your drinking water.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
third degree intensive, often painful questioning, as of a police prisoner (usu. prec. by the.) [2 definitions]
third dimension the dimension of depth or volume, as distinguished from the two dimensions provided on a plane surface. [2 definitions]
Third International an international Communist organization founded in Moscow in 1919 to unite all national Communist groups and advocate the spread of Communism.
third party a political party formed in dissension from or opposition to the major parties in a two-party system. [2 definitions]
third person in grammar, the category of pronouns, inflections, and the like that indicates one that is neither the speaker of a sentence nor one to whom the speaker is speaking, but rather, a person or thing that the speaker is speaking about. [3 definitions]
third rail an added rail that carries the electric current in an electric railway or subway.
Third Reich Germany under Nazi rule, from 1933 to 1945; Nazi Germany.
Third Republic the republic of France from 1870 to 1940.
third stream a kind of music that combines jazz improvisation with classical forms.
Third World (often l.c.) the developing nations, as of Asia and Africa, esp. those not aligned with either of the two dominant political blocs.
thirst a feeling of dryness in the mouth or throat, associated with the need or desire to drink. [5 definitions]
thirsty experiencing thirst; needing to drink. [4 definitions]
thirteen the number represented by the Arabic numeral 13 and by the Roman numeral XIII. [3 definitions]
thirteenth indicating rank or position between twelfth and fourteenth. [3 definitions]
thirtieth indicating rank or position between twenty-ninth and thirty-first. [3 definitions]
thirty the number represented by the Arabic numeral 30 and by the Roman numeral XXX. [5 definitions]
thirty-second note a musical note with one thirty-second the time value of a whole note; demisemiquaver.
Thirty Years' War a series of European wars occurring from 1618 to 1648, originally between German Catholics and German Protestants but later involving Sweden, France, and Spain, from which France emerged as the most powerful nation in Europe.
this the person, thing, or matter mentioned, understood, or at hand. [7 definitions]
thistle any of various plants with prickly leaves and showy heads of usu. purplish flowers.


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Families and Researchers Working Together to Find Answers
Thank you for your interest in joining the Registry!
The goal of the Registry is to expand understanding of Williams syndrome so that better treatments can be developed in the future. We (WSA) believe that connecting families and researchers through the Registry will make it easier to do important research.
To begin the short registration process, as a researcher, click the link below.
By joining the Registry, you can: review the Registry's data; take advantage of Registry services to recruit study subjects; and be provided with selected medical records/information that families share with the Registry.
- Click the "Researcher Registration" button above
- Choose a username and password
- Create an account


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Step 2: Teach Lesson
Start by asking the student: "Do you like insects?" "What is your favorite insect?" Write on board a list of a few insects and how
many legs the insect has.
Today, we are going to learn how to take "data" and put it into a bar graph.
Using data from the introduction, show the students how you would put that information into a bar graph. Introduce the parts of the
bar graph: title and measurements
Show students how to draw the lines on the graph paper. Input "Name of Insect and number of legs" data
Have the student create their own bar graph with the bag of plastic insects: give the students graph paper and tell them they will now
assemble their own bar graph, they will have to collect the data by using the bugs in their bags, then fill in their graph with the data
they collect. (Examples of data collected: same type of insect, number of legs, eyes, wings, size, etc.)
What did you learn today? What did you like about today's activity? How can we make it better next time?
Step 3: Complete the worksheet attached below.
Worksheet for extra practice with answer key
Step 4: Review. Start the next lesson with the game or activity attached below for review so the student can demonstrate
understanding of this lesson before moving forward.
Insect Tally (offline) worksheetIntroducing tally marks in a bar graph


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Did Active Labour Market Policies Help Sweden Rebound From The Depression Of The Early 1990s?
Source: Princeton University
In the early 1990s the Swedish labour market was hit by the worst shock it experienced since the 1930s, with the unemployment rate rising to 10 percent. This development stands out in light of Sweden's performance in the post-war period. Between the mid 1940s and the crisis of the 1990s, the Swedish unemployment rate oscillated between one percent and just under four percent (Figure 1). Unemployment even remained low in the 1970s despite oil price shocks that led to persistently high unemployment elsewhere in Europe.


Help:Wiki University HTML-- Position - Absolute
From FamilySearch Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
ABSOLUTE POSITIONING[edit | edit source]
 - It is like relative positioning, but it differs as it does not create a space in the flow of the page.
 - Absolute position will cover up anything in that spot even another absolute positioned object.
Here is an object which we place 120 pixels from the top and 120 pixels from the left side of the page.
 - NOTICE our object covers part of the sidebar.
Here is the coding for our absolute positioned object:
 - NOTICE position:absolute.
 - NOTICE left:120px. If we had used left:220px, the sidebar would not be covered.
 - NOTICE top:400px.
 - So what happens if you don't specify the position in pixels? It is placed up against the object above it.
 - One of the main problems with absolute positioning; if you add new material the absolute positioned object will not move like relative positioning does.
 - In order for absolute positioned objects to move with the flow you have to place absolute positioned objects INSIDE relative positioned objects.
 - Relative positioned objects WILL MOVE even if there is an absolute position object inside of it.
 - Here is an example of a relative positioned object that has a red border with an absolute positioned blue box placed inside it.
 - Here's the coding:

 - NOTICE the absolute positioned blue box coding is between the opening and closing div tags in red.
 - You can have as many absolute positioned objects as you want between the opening and closing div tags of relative positioned objects.
 1. Make this object an absolute positioned object 0 pixels from the left and 0 pixels from the top to appear inside a relative positioned object with width of 400 pixels, height of 200 pixels and a red border one pixel thick.
 2. Take your answer above and move the relative object with the absolute object inside 150 pixel to the left and 50 pixel from the top:
 3. Take your answer from no. 2 and move the absolute object inside the relative object 150px to the left and down 25px from the top.
 Quick Quiz
 - Absolute positioning places objects in relation to the edge and top of the page.
 A. True
 B. False
 - Absolute positioning does not cover objects placed before it was.
 A. True
 B. False
 - Absolute positioning covers up all objects that follow it.
 A. True
 B. False


Richard Clamp > Pipeline > Pipeline::Base
Annotate this POD
New 5
Open 0
View/Report Bugs
Module Version: 3.12 Source
 use Pipeline::Base;
 $object = Pipeline::Base->new()
 $object->debug( 10 );
The new() method is a constructor that returns an instance of receiving class.
init( LIST );
init() is called by the constructor, new() and is passed all of its arguments in LIST.
debug( [ SCALAR ] )
The debug() method gets and sets the debug state of the OBJECT. Setting it to a true value will cause messages sent to emit() to be printed to the terminal. If debug() is called as a class method it always will return true.
emit( SCALAR )
emit() is a debugging tool. It will cause the the SCALAR to be formatted and sent to the log() method if the current debugging level is set to a true value.
log( SCALAR )
The log() method will send SCALAR to STDERR by default. It performs no processing of SCALAR and merely sends its results to the error handle. To change your logging mechanism simply override this method in the class as you see fit.
James A. Duncan <>
syntax highlighting:


Berry gilt strips tax avoidance arrangement fails on appeal to the Upper Tribunal
15 April 2011. Published by Adam Craggs, Partner
The Upper Tribunal (Lewison J) ('UT') has dismissed the taxpayer's appeal against the First-tier Tribunal's ('FTT') decision that he was not entitled to relief for losses suffered as a result of a gilt strip tax planning arrangement – Berry v HMRC [2011] UKUT 81.
The UT, applying the Ramsay principle, determined that the word "loss" in the context of the relevant discounted securities legislation (paragraph 14A, Schedule 13, Finance Act 1996 now sections 427 to 460, Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005) meant a real loss, that is, a loss that arose from real commercial outcomes. In reaching his conclusion, Lewison J noted that there is a general expectation that when Parliament uses a word like "loss" it means a commercial loss but that that expectation can be displaced by the express terms of the statute (for example, by an algebraic or artificial approach to quantifying the loss). The UT also determined that the FTT had made no error in law in treating all the steps in the transaction as a single transaction and in disregarding the "anti-Ramsay" device. The FTT's view of the facts was, in the UT's view, a realistic one.


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R. Miller, M. Ortiz, R. Phillips, V. B. Shenoy and E. B. Tadmor
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 61, 427–444 (1998).
The development of modeling tools which allow for the simultaneous treatment
of scales ranging from Angstroms to microns has stood out as one of the main
challenges in materials modeling. In this paper we discuss a formulation of
the quasicontinuum (QC) method that allows for a treatment of internal
interfaces, opening the possibility of simulating the interactions of cracks,
dislocations and grain boundaries. The model is applied to crack tip
deformation and is shown to account for both brittle fracture and crack tip
dislocation emission. A key example of the method is the treatment of a crack
propagating into a grain boundary which reveals both migration of the boundary
and that the boundary is a source for the emission of dislocations.


TPLF Included Ras Dashen Mountain into Tigray State - TPLF later 'apologized'
Dedebit Steals Ras Dashen Mountain - TPLF 'apologized'
ተራራም ይሰረቃል???
It can only happen in the present day Ethiopia. The ultra-shameless Tigray liberation fighters who are ruling the country tried to incorporate the World Heritage Semien Mountains National Park with its tallest peak Ras Dashen in the Amhara Highlands to their future Greater Tigray Republic.
The sixth grade English language textbook had placed Ethiopia's highest mountain, Ras Dashen, in Tigray Regional State instead of the Amhara Regional State, TPLF's state-owned television quotes an unidentified ministry official as saying.
The official added that a map in a tenth grade textbook on nationality and ethics failed to show the correct location of regional states (pictured amber color), the report added.
The sixth grade text book was published in 2004 and the tenth grade book in 2010.
It is not clear however if the books will be withdrawn.
It is unclear why the TPLF officials who used to live in the cages of the Dedebit mountain have made the apology now, but recently Amhara and Oromo regions have been rocked by deadly protests against the Tigray liberator government.
Opposition activists dismiss the TPLF apology saying the alterations were deliberate and a continued attempt by the ruling coalition to distort the country's history.
The admission comes at a time when the country is facing a wave of protests over boundary disputes in the Oromia and Amhara states, which are the two largest in the country.
In July, protests erupted in the north-west over the failure by the Dedebits to move an administrative district from Tigray to Amhara state.
Human rights groups say more than 500 people have so far died since protests began last November.
Ras Dashen mountain rises to 4,533 meters and the tallest in Ethiopia. It forms the tip of the Semien Mountain.
The country has more mountains than any other country in Africa. However, it doesn't have the continent's highest mountain. With 5895 meters, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest mountain in Africa.


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Sustainable Development e-News
In Her Own Words:
A Conversation With Kathryn P. Maloney,
Director, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry
Partnering, Cooperating, and Collaborating for Land and
NEWTOWN SQUARE, Pa.--Partnership. Collaboration. Cooperation. Those words resonate widely with USDA Forest Service partners, employees, and other stakeholders. At heart, they mean working together to accomplish common missions and goals, related tasks, or complementary initiatives.
For Kathryn Maloney, partnership, collaboration, and cooperation are the fulcrum for assisting states, private landowners, and other cooperators to engage in sustainable management of the Nation's lands and forests. All are particularly critical for programs of the Northeastern Area (NA) State and Private Forestry. Why? Because of the size and scope of NA: 20 states and the District of Columbia; 43% of the U.S. population; more than 170 million acres of forests (23% of the Nation's forests), almost all of which are non-federal forests; and more than 4 million private landowners. They are also critical for leveraging federal investments and for sustaining the public benefits that emanate from private forest lands.
NA promotes partnership with state foresters and state forestry agency staff, focusing on how that partnership influences the wise management, protection and sustainable use of rural to urban lands, and enhances the capacity of private forestlands to provide benefits for a growing America.
NA cooperates with state partners to develop and use tools that help us be more effective, and in some cases tools that help us evaluate our effectiveness. The identification and application of sustainability criteria and indicators (C&I) are one example of such efforts. Together, partners work across state boundaries in compiling and assessing data and in tracking common indicators over time. This exemplary work strengthens Forest Service institutional capacity for collaborative assessment, planning, and decisionmaking processes designed to address shared concerns among NA states.
Maloney holds a BS degree in mineral economics from Pennsylvania State University and an MBA (with honors) in finance and investments from George Washington University. She joined the Forest Service in 1981, and has been in her current position since 2001. Maloney has served in the National Forest System and Programs and Legislation deputy areas, and as the Director of the Strategic Planning and Resource Assessment Staff in Washington, D.C.
Kathryn P. Maloney
Q: Partnership is a fundamental element of Northeastern Area (NA) programs. Who
are your partners, broadly?
A: We have an area that comprises 20 states and the District of Columbia. We consider our first partners to be the state foresters in those 20 states and the District of Columbia. In most cases, we work with the Department of Natural Resources, in some cases for the Department of Agriculture in the states, so it's those individuals and their staff that are our first partners--and we work very closely with them. In fact, our programs for the most part are delivered through those state organizations to the private landowners in those states. In addition, we have established partnerships and cooperative agreements with many others including communities, non-government organizations, and universities.
From your perspective, how do you use C&I to help you achieve your management goals?
Let me first say that it is a work in progress. I believe C&I are useful tools to gauge progress, enable accountability, and inform decisionmaking. We're not there yet, "there" being where C&I are really an integral part of a system of management, helping to inform our next decision, our next set of choices. But we are certainly working toward that end.
In the NA, we are engaged with the state partners working to track 18 of the Montréal Process indicators. We are improving awareness and engaging people in understanding the relevance of C&I.
How does NA increase our understanding of C&I?
Over the last several years, we in NA and our partners have put together two C&I publications: Sourcebook on Criteria and Indicators of Forest Sustainability in the Northeastern Area and Sustainability Assessment Highlights for the Northern United States. These are excellent resources that increase our understanding of C&I, and their application to planning.
Our first step for the Sourcebook was to take a look at what information was available and where and from whom, because every bit of information we chose to look at cost something to have. So we looked at the information states were already collecting or had available.
We also looked at the Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) work that has received greater attention and funding in recent years. And the FIA information is ultimately going to provide data for about two-thirds of the indicators of the Montréal Process.
In reviewing available data, we chose 18 indicators that span all seven criteria. We were interested in a comprehensive look at C&I at a low cost, rather than trying to address all 67 indicators. As time goes on and we gain experience in using this information, we may expand our initial set of indicators.
The purpose of the information--for example, in the Sourcebook--is to show both the importance of having C&I and their utility as a common language of measures among our many partners.
What is the value of both tracking and measuring outcomes?
We began by establishing a baseline of current or recent data for each of the 18 indicators. Then we began to monitor. That's going to enable us look at trends and begin to make some judgment whether the things being done on the ground are having the appropriate effects.
Please clarify, for the benefit of our readers, how sustainable development of land relates to sustainable development of forests?
They are different, I think. To me, lands have a broader context than forests. Obviously, they are related. But when we talk about sustainable development of land we have to think about more things perhaps than just about forests.
Fundamentally, sustainable forest is about having a healthy, viable forest that provides all of the benefits that we can think of in a forest, not only for this generation, but for future generations.
And so we have to think much about the seven criteria--about not only the biological and physical sustainability, but also the economic and social things that go along with that. And not just recreation opportunities and economic opportunities that come from using forest products.
It is important to be clear about what we are trying to sustain. Let's consider the example of New York City, whose current land use in Manhattan is a city and is sustainable as long as there is a willingness to make investments to keep it going. Sustaining a city requires investment in public services such as transportation, sewer, and water infrastructure. By contrast, foresters tend not to think about these things, but rather about investments in forest health, regeneration, fuel reduction, and the like to sustain the forest.
My goal is to vigorously pursue the mission of the Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. That requires that we reach and influence the management of nearly a quarter of the Nation's forests. The benefits to the public of the sound management of these overwhelmingly (92%) private forests are significant ecologically, economically, and socially. We work across the rural to urban landscape, assisting private landowners with technical information to manage their forest lands in a sustainable manner, and helping communities (even in cities) improve natural conditions. We gain on a couple of different fronts in urban settings: trees and their effects on air quality and temperatures, as well as reducing storm water runoff and the adverse effects associated with it. While most of our work is directed to forested lands, our work in urban settings is very important.
NA is working with Chicago, where Mayor Daley has made a huge investment in Chicago GreenStreets Program, which helps the city revitalize run-down neighborhoods, enhance public open space, and use tree-planting and landscaping to reduce noise, air pollution, and summer heat. And NA is also assisting Chicago Wilderness, a coalition of about 200 organizations dedicated to protecting and restoring the natural heritage in and around Chicago.
Similarly, in New York City, NA personnel have created a mapping software program that provides information, accessible to communities and their leaders, on where green spaces are or could be in the city. Other cities are adapting the software for use in their communities.
After we were attacked on 9/11, the Forest Service engaged in a Living Memorials Project, creating living memorials (with trees) to those who lost their lives on 9/11 in New York City and elsewhere. One Forest Service project, The Legacy Groves of Somerset County, is a living memorial to those lost on Flight 93 and an appreciation of the efforts of first responders who sustained the Somerset County community.
Collaboration is the lifeblood of your sustainable development activities across all 20 states of the Northeast and Midwest, and the District of Columbia. What role, if any, have C&I played in bringing people together?
The fact is that C&I were a product of a collaborative effort in the international arena. That collaborative process sought a common language, data, and measures. The fact that C&I emerged from a very thoughtful, collaborative process has made it a high-quality product that is inherently valuable. It has made it easier for people like me and for an organization like NA to pick it up and use it to engage people and organizations with similar interests.
C&I have this inherent value and they make sense. The next steps are getting everyone's genuine involvement and commitment to using them to help us in our decisionmaking. That's a bit more of a challenge than getting the initial acceptance. But we're making progress.
I am extremely proud of the state foresters for having rallied around the 18 indicators. Some of the state foresters have said that they are not really sure where we are going with this, but they are


text: Background Approximately 50% of older individuals perceive themselves as being forgetful. Objective The objective of this review is to get an overview of previous research on the relation between perceived forgetfulness (in the absence of objective memory deficit) and quality of life in older individuals. Findings in previous research might be a starting point for further research and possible future interventions. Methods Scientific papers that investigated the relation between subjective memory complaints and quality of life were searched. Two independent raters scored the articles on their methodology. The methodological quality was taken into account when conclusions were drawn. Results The literature search resulted in 682 articles, of which five studies met the inclusion criteria. Although the five studies differed in their methodology, the findings of the methodologically adequate studies show a relation between memory complaints and a diminished quality of life in the elderly. Conclusions The negative impact that subjective memory complaints can have on quality of life makes it important to acknowledge forgetfulness as a serious issue in the life of older individuals. However, more research is needed to explore the relationship between subjective memory complaints and quality of life, also with regard to the influence of depression and objective memory performance.


Analysis: Could artificial intelligence replace GCSEs?
Some top independent schools are exploring replacing GCSEs with educational technology - but will fee-paying parents really go for this?
Catherine Lough
ai school
Elite independent schools are currently in talks with a technology company exploring a new artificial intelligence programme that could replace GCSEs.
Yet while a digital alternative to the GCSE that some schools view as "increasingly dry" might sound promising, how feasible would it really be?
Mike Buchanan, executive director of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, has spoken of how this could create a far more "personalised" style of learning, with computer programmes constructing a digitised profile of each pupil's skills. And arguably, the historic reason for GCSEs no longer exists, given that most students do not leave school at 16.
News: Exclusive: AI may replace GCSEs in top private schools
Private schools: Private schools warn uni cap would lead to brain drain
Related: 'Don't make closing private schools education's Brexit
So the idea of a bespoke digital learning platform is attractive, and according to one source in the private school sector, senior figures at Ofsted are interested.
Rather than studying a raft of GCSEs, pupils would learn from an online programme alongside their usual class teaching. The programme could be adaptive to their needs, building up a detailed profile of their strengths and weaknesses. It could tell potential employers that a child might struggle with grammar, yet is also a gifted public speaker.
And it would also assist the "forgotten third", currently doomed to fail maths and English GCSE. It sounds almost utopian – "failing" an exam would become a thing of the past.
However, there are practical issues to consider.
Firstly, are fee-paying parents likely to want this? Private schools do have more freedom to explore alternative models of teaching and assessment – Bedales School already teaches just five core GCSEs alongside their own curriculum, which is recognised by Ucas.
That said, a personalised curriculum is one thing, but private school parents may be less entranced by the idea of paying for their children to sit with a computer app.
In Mike Buchanan's view, the app would leave teachers free to pursue their passions, and he stresses that this would not replace the deeply personal, human connection at the heart of good teaching. Nonetheless, if the app proved successful, could it undermine the profession? A future where children are taught solely by teacher-bots sounds faintly terrifying.
A further issue would be how universities might respond. Speaking at the HMC conference, Bella Malins, director of access and admissions at UCL, said universities prefer GCSEs to in-school assessments – national, public exams are a form of quality assurance.
Would universities accept these qualifications? Yes, GCSEs can be a crude means of measuring someone's talent and ability, but they do provide a snapshot of what someone can do. A digital profile of every child's complex range of strengths and weaknesses could be difficult to navigate, for both employers and higher education providers.
It is fair to say that many see GCSEs as problematic. Endlessly tinkered with, revised and reformed, it is no surprise that today's teenagers are increasingly stressed and anxious. An A grade is no longer enough when there are now two grades above it. In addition, GCSEs condemn the forgotten third to endless difficulties when pursuing further employment or education.
Nonetheless, the idea that AI is the answer, while tempting, may be unworkable in practice. It would also mean children spending even more time in front of screens, when surely good education depends on the rich, lively discussions that happen between teachers and pupils.
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author bio
Catherine Lough
Catherine Lough is a reporter at Tes.
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text:
When a service doesn't run as you would like, when you want to change its default configuration, Systemd offers you several options.
Firstly, you can copy the standard unit file from the /usr/lib/systemd/system directory into the /etc/systemd/system directory and then changes its content. The new unit file will take precedence over the default one. Don't forget to run the systemctl daemon-reload command each time you create or modify a unit file
Also, if you want to make clear that you built the new unit file from the default one, you can add the following line at the beginning of the new unit file (here /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service):
.include /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service [Service] CPUShares=500
Here you can read.include. It's not a typo but the syntax required by Systemd.
The specified directive (here CPUShares) will override the previous configuration except if this directive allows multiple values, in this case, the new value will be added at the end. To avoid this situation, you will have to proceed in two steps: assign an empty value and then assign the desired value in another line.
Secondly, instead of copying the default unit file, you can create a directory of the same name with the.d suffix in the /etc/systemd/system directory and drop a file with the.conf suffix containing the settings you want to override. This is automatically done when using the systemctl set-property command. This method also allows to override settings coming from a unit file located in the /etc/systemd/system directory.
In our example, create the /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d directory, then the file called constraints.conf and paste the following lines into it:
Thirdly, it is still possible to customize the environment before the service starts. You can specify a list of environment variables and their values with the Environment directive:
Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3
You can also use a dedicated file with the EnvironmentFile directive. In the httpd case, you can see the following line in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service file:
Finally, don't hesitate to run the systemd-delta command to know what was changed from the default configuration.
Who said that Systemd was not flexible!


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As well known, we can prove Poincare duality in terms of morse theory. (By comparing two chain complexes obtained from two morse functions, $f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$,$-f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$ for smooth closed manifold $M$)
Of course, I can prove Alexander duality theorem by using usual Lefschetz-Poincare duality theorem and some excision arguments.
But, I want to prove Alexander duality theorem by using a morse function defined on $S^{n}-X$, for a submanifold $X$ of $S^n$.
Are there any references or proofs about this?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
There are various versions of stratified Morse theory out there, the granddaddy being the Goresky-Macpherson work. But for these purposes you're fine just using Morse theory on manifolds with boundary, which is a straightforward generalization of plain old Morse theory. In this setting you get Alexander duality "seen" at the chain-complex level in some sense, kind of analogous to Poincare's proof using dual cell decompositions to a triangulation, of the Morse theory/handle proof you refer to.
It's a little different though. The idea is to take the standard height function on $S^n$, and to perturb it so that it restricts to a Morse function on $M \subset S^n$, and on the boundary of a smooth tubular neighbourhood to $M$. Critical points to the height function, restricted to $M$ split into two kinds -- the kinds that contribute cells to the decomposition of the tubular neighbourhood, and the kinds that contribute to the decomposition of the complement. So a $k$-cell for $M$ corresponds to a $(n-k-1)$-cell for the complement. And so on.
I can say more later.
edit: The key idea is that if a function $f : S^n \to \mathbb R$ is morse on a submanifold $M \subset S^n$, then on the boundary of a small tubular neighbourhood of $M$, it's also Morse. Moreover, critical points of $f$ on $M$ correspond to opposite pairs of critical points on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood (one over the other, in pairs). Think of Milnor's Morse Theory example of a torus in $\mathbb R^3$, but now think of the torus as the boundary of a tubular neighbourhood of a circle. In stratified Morse theory, the critical points of $f$ on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood break up into two types of cell attachments: (1) cells for the tubular neighbourood, and (2) cells for the complement. The way you can tell (1) and (2) apart, is that the "down" direction pointing outwards for which ever object the cell is contributing to. This is because in stratified Morse theory you modify the flow so that it stays in your manifold with boundary. If the vector field is orthogonal to the boundary and pointing outwards, there's no natural way to modify the flow, so you get a cell. On the other hand if it points inwards, you certainly can.
So if $M \subset S^n$ is a closed submanifold, let $\nu M$ be a compact tubular neighbourhood of $M$. Let $p \in M$ be a critical point of $f$ that contributes a cell of dimension $i$ to $M$ using the downwards flowline. There are two critical points to $f$ above in $\pi^{-1}(p)$ where $\pi : \partial \nu M \to M$ is bundle projection. The "top" critical point contributes an $(n-m-1+i)$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$. The "bottom" point contributes an $i$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\nu M$.
So if for the purpose of generating $M$'s CW-decomposition we use the upward flowlines, then at a critical point corresponding to an $m-i$ cell on $M$, we have an $n-1-(m-i)$ cell attachment for $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$ using the downward flowlines for $f$. These cells are not only complementary dimensional in the Alexander duality sense, but you can write out very explicitly the bounding cells that intersect in a single point.
I hope that helps. It's best to draw a picture and keep track of the dimensions in a few examples before trying the general picture.
share|improve this answer
_USER_: Could you say a little more? And perhaps about how the flowlines are behaving. Thanks! – Chris Gerig Jul 2 '12 at 16:51
Your Answer


Like several other languages, Standard Chinese has different words for "older brother" (哥哥), "younger brother" (弟弟), "older sister" (姐姐) and "younger sister" (妹妹). However, many languages don't express this type of age relationship by means of nouns only, but by means of optional adjectives. Examples include English, German, French and Dutch.
So when translating words such as "brother" and "sister" (in the singular form!) in texts from the latter category of languages into Chinese and when there is no context that indicates the age difference, what do Chinese translators do? As far as I know, words such as 兄弟 ("brother") and 兄弟姐妹 ("brothers and sisters")) aren't used to refer to a single sibling and wouldn't be correct as translation for, e.g., (singular) "brother".
Note: I hope it is clear that this is not a simple "translate-this-for-me" question, but a question of how translators deal with this.
 - 3
 examining jukuu's 100 example sentences for each of brother and sister will confirm 兄弟 for brother and yield 姐妹 for sister, in particular note physics examples like A particle should be accompanied in nature by a sister particle. 一种粒子实际上必须伴随一种姐妹粒子。 – user6065 Dec 7 '16 at 15:41
 - _USER_ Thanks. Would a sentence like "我兄弟处境困难" also be used in normal conversation or only in translations? – Tsundoku Dec 7 '16 at 16:36
 - 1
 note that 兄弟 does not necessarily denote kinship in the literal sense (see dictionaries) – user6065 Dec 7 '16 at 17:28
 - _USER_ If the relative age of the brother or sister in question is known to the speaker, he/she would just use 哥哥, 弟弟 or 姐姐, 妹妹, respectively. If I wanted speak about my (younger) brother I would directly use 弟弟 instead of 兄弟, as the latter also doubles as respectful appellation to someone who is roughly your age group or younger, or sort of "comrade-in-arms", and so on. – imrek Dec 12 '16 at 13:40
 - _USER_ I'm afraid you missed the point of the question. I'm asking about what translators do when it's not obvious whether 哥哥, 弟弟 or 姐姐, 妹妹 is the correct choice, not about what the dictionaries say. – Tsundoku Dec 12 '16 at 13:48
I translate professionally, and teach translation as well, and I have no comfortable solution. It is one of those cross-cultural conundrums that cannot be resolved satisfactorily with even a short equivalent, as family ranking is so precise to the Chinese, but if I must, then here's my squirm-my-way-through solution:
"Brother" and "sister" are not so bad, because at least one can translate them into Chinese as 哥哥/弟弟, 姐姐/妹妹, and hope to get away with it. Not ideal, but doable, if clunky.
The really impossible ones are the other relatives: 2 hoops to go through for uncle / aunt (paternal side or maternal? older or younger than parent?); even more hoops to go through for cousins (male or female? paternal side or maternal? older or younger than speaker or reference person?).
What I do, if the context allows such vagueness in the Chinese and I have no way of verifying further details for the "uncle/aunt/cousin", is to go for "亲戚 qīnqi / relative" (or 亲人). (Or turn the job down...)
maybe 昆仲, 昆季; these 2 are very elegant terms for "brother"
have fun :)
For EN-CN translators, seniority in the family or clan could be a challenge, like translating siblings when there's no clear age description.
In ancient time, Most Southeast Asian people (Lao, Thai, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese, etc.) had been strictly following the rules of seniority/position in family/clan. Korean people even have more rules: taking elder brother as an example--if you are a boy, you have to call your elder brother "Hyong"; if you are a girl, "Oppa".
In a nutshell, I would like to due this to historical reason -- we say 「兄/弟/姐/妹」 in order to show respect. Most of the time Chinese people don't call their elder brother/sister's name because it is rude. In western language families (like English), people seems like to directly call their brother/sister's name (I got this conclusion from movies that I have seen).
Let's get back to your question:
When translating English to Chinese, if there's no clear age descriptions, I have to find the answer in the context. Sometimes I can't get the right word even though I have finished the whole materials. Then I would ask for Internet's help :)
 1. How do you call your brother and sister? - You could get more information about how to call your brother/sister in most Southeast Asian and European languages.
 2. 英语里的兄弟姐妹为什么没有大小之分？
 - Well... Seems my answer is trying to explain "why", rather than "how"... but I think these information could be useful for you and other readers :) – Travis Hu Dec 8 '16 at 1:10
 - My feeling as well. Make every effort to clarify the seniority as you translate, before resorting back to a generic 兄弟 as it is not common in Chinese. – jf328 Dec 8 '16 at 9:06
actually...兄弟 or 姐妹 can refer to a single sibling.but 兄弟姐妹 can't.
"兄弟姐妹" is a generic call to describe all your brothers and systers (people younger / older than you, or equal than you), having relationship with you in blood kinship.
Brother can be translated as 兄弟，but sister can't be translated as 姐妹，it can only can be translated as 姐姐 or 妹妹，if you don't want to know whether she is older or younger. But if you want to know, you must ask and then decide which word you use.
 - sister can be translated as 姐妹 – Tang Ho Dec 9 '16 at 3:48
Your understanding is correct. Let me summarize it again.
Can be used to refer single / multiple siblings:
older brother(s) = 哥哥
younger brother(s) = 弟弟
older sister(s) = 姐姐
younger sister(s) = 妹妹
Seldom used to refer to a single sibling:
brothers = 兄弟
sisters = 姐妹
brothers & sisters = 兄弟姐妹
Answer (tl;dr)
For your question, there is no good translation to refer to singular sibling. Therefore, it is recommended to rephrase the sentence.
They (two) are brothers = 他們是兩兄弟
They (two) are sisters = 她們是兩姊妹
While, it is even harder to translate "(singular) brother / sister" directly. I recommend:
They are a family = 他們是一家人 << Fluent, but a bit ambiguous
-- OR --
They are brothers and sisters = 他們是兄弟姊妹 << Less fluent, less ambiguous
Side note
When (singular) 兄弟 / 姊妹 is used, it is usually referring to close friends instead of family member.
For example:
他是我的好兄弟 = He is my best friend
她是我的好姊妹 = She is my best friend
Your Answer


Skip to definition.
Noun: detention di'ten-shun
 1. A state of being confined (usually for a short time)
 "his detention was politically motivated";
 - detainment, hold, custody
 2. A punishment in which a student must stay at school after others have gone home
 "the detention of tardy pupils"
Derived forms: detentions
Type of: confinement, penalisation [Brit], penalization, penalty, punishment, sanction
Encyclopedia: Detention


Mosley, Nicholas
war deal politics british
(British, 1923– )
Mosley's complex novels are serious and morally questioning, sometimes told in narrative fragments; their subjects are politics, science, and religion. This daunting combination is rendered palatable, however, by the relationships and human emotions with which his books also deal. The change from the realism of his early work to a more experimental style was signalled by Accident (1965); narrated by a philosophy don in an elliptical fashion, it concerns a triangular affair and was made into a film by Joseph Losey. Mosley's major novel is Hopeful Monsters (1990, Whitbread award), part of a project attempting to deal with the history of twentieth-century politics and experience. Spanning the period from 1919 to 1939, with a post-war epilogue, this is cast in the form of exchanges between a German-Jewish woman and a British scientist, ending with a moving reconciliation in old age. Children of Darkness and Light (1996) is a thriller with spiritual and political elements, featuring a previously cynical journalist investigating strange events involving children in Cumbria and war-ravaged Bosnia.
Iris Murdoch, William Golding JS
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Case Simulators
MediaLab's Case Simulators use in-browser virtual microscopes to help teach and assess key laboratory skills.
Red Blood Cell Morphology Case Simulator
Twenty-five case studies to teach identification hypochromasia, macrocytes, microcytes, Pappenheimer bodies, platelet clumps, polychromasia, schistocytes, sickle cells, spherocytes, target cells, teardrop cells, and more.
White Blood Cell Case Simulator
Twenty-five expert-reviewed differentials, each with 100 slide images. Cells include segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, blasts, myelocytes, band neutrophils, nucleated red blood cells, eosinophils, metamyelocytes, basophils, reactive lymphocytes, and promyelocytes.
Advanced WBC Case Simulator
Twelve expert-reviewed differentials, each with 100 slide images, focusing on more advanced identification skills, including leukemias.
Body Fluid Case Simulator
Thirty peritoneal and pleural fluid expert-reviewed cases, each with images of hemocytometer, cytospin slides, unknown nucleated cell identification, cell count calculation exercises, and review videos.
Urinalysis Case Simulator
Thirty expert-reviewed cases, each with 50 slide images. Cases include casts, crystals, and more.


into the details PLN and published as a module so it's usable in the future.
By providing hotlinked details in the template, we have some standard details done, as well as a head start on modifications we might need for the project.
Electrical Symbols
The electrical symbol legend is a hotlinked PLN file (not a module; it's just one story) placed in the template's floor plan on the story Footings (-2), a non-publishing story below the Basement (-1). There is a view saved of the legend, which is placed as a drawing on the electrical sheet layouts.
The legend can't be placed in a detail or worksheet viewpoint, because some of the symbols are lamp elements, which can't be placed in details. (The rest are objects.)
The legend itself is handy for doing electrical plans: Set the trace reference to that Footings story, and you can eyedropper (Opt+click) on the symbols.
Again, the legend is standard in the template when the project begins. If the'master' legend is updated, the hotlink manager will alert the user. OTOH, if the user wants to break the link and modify the legend, they can do that.
Drawing Symbols and Standard Fills
On the cover sheets we have legends for drawing symbols, section fills, and surface fills. These are external views from a PLN file, placed as drawings on the two (Sizes D and E) cover sheet master layouts. (We use size C internally and for preliminary work, but never for official submissions or CDs. So no cover sheet with the legends.)
Because the sheets are different sizes the legends are as well, and there are separate views for each sheet size. The Drawing Symbols.PLN file has four stories.
The symbols and the section fills are published at 1:1 scale, so those two legends can be next to each other on one story. The surface fills are "Model Size", so they have to be published at an architectural scale (1:48) in order to show anything in the tiny boxes of the legend. They have their own story.
Two stories for E size, two for D. The four stories are saved as views with the appropriate 1:1 or 1:48 scale.
These legends rarely change, but when they do, the placed drawings can be updated.
Elevator Plan
Location: 14 Conveying Systems /
This is a hydraulic residential elevator based on a product line of a real company. Since I don't know how they feel about me 'using' their 'IP', I'm not saying who it is at this time. You could probably figure it out.
Because it's a real product line, there are limited size and configuration options. Under Cab Size there are three. Under Door Configuration there are various. Some of the door configurations offer the option to have the door hinge from the 'Track' side of the elevator or the 'Opposite' side. If this parameter doesn't apply, it is hidden.
You can choose the configuration visually under the 'Configurations' interface tab.
Elevator Chooser
There is a read-only Configuration Code which is generated from the Door Configuration and the Hinge Side. This is from the product catalog.
I have provided a Standard Sizes parameter which locks the length and width to the catalog data. I wouldn't turn this off; I would rather know how big the real equipment is. The only case where I would turn it off is where I was using another manufacturer and the configurations were similar but the exact dimensions were different. Anyway, it's stretchable in principle, but the default is to be locked to the standard sizes. Turn this switch off and stretch to any impossible shape you want, YMMV.
Place the object on the bottom story of the elevator's true extent. Show the object on All Stories. Set the object's Stories Served parameter to reflect the number of actual stories the elevator will serve. The 2D symbol will not be shown above or below this range. (Though (Archicad fail) the object will still be selectable via Select All on stories where it is not visible.) The wall track which supports the cab will automatically extend through all but the top story being served by the elevator. The top story is covered by the value in the Top Rail Height parameter. This value should be roughly the top story's ceiling height. (I found in most cases that the track was too tall if it ran the whole top story.)
The Raise Cab parameter determines how many stories the cab will be raised in 3D from the home (bottom) story. This would only matter if you cut a section through the elevator shaft, and frankly it wouldn't matter much even then.
Elevator Pit
If the Pit Depth parameter is non-zero, the object will build the pit below the elevator. You can set the thickness of the walls and floor of the pit. You still need to cut a hole in the surrounding slab. The pit will be placed under that slab, using the Surrounding Slab Thickness parameter.
In plan, it looks like an elevator. The length and width dimensions are based on the finished dimensions of the shaft. The text bit should center in the car and it can be customized if "ELEV" doesn't suit you. There is a red (pen 10) line at the center of the door(s), and nodes at the edges of the doors. The door is not part of the object; you need to place a door in a wall normally. There are also hotspots at the center of the track and at the centerlines of the required structure for the track.
The associated pump equipment is a separate object, Elevator Equipment JM16. I also have a call box symbol for the electrical plan, Elevator Call Switch JM16.
Download (AC16)
CL Types
Location: 01 General / 1 Graphic Symbols
First is the option to show a line in addition to the symbol. If the line is shown, you have the option of repeating the CL symbol at the other end.
Update: If the line is shown and the symbol at the end is on, the symbol at the start can be turned off. In this way you can have the line pointing up from the symbol.
Second, I saw Jakub Chruscinski's version of my old symbol on BIMcomponents, which includes a complete font list in the text options. I'm offering the complete list as an option since it seems like something people like, but it defaults to off. I prefer to restrict the list to our standard fonts.
The default font is Arial in the version I am sharing, but the sublime font in the preview is Gill Sans, which is what we use in practice.
Wonkish: The symbol code consists of two text blocks whose alignment is set using X and Y coordinate offsets with absurd precision (0.0001"). Not all fonts will look right automatically. To get an arbitrary font to look good, you might need to open the 2D script and modify the offsets.
Download (AC16)
This is everything I can think of about libraries management. There have been a lot of changes over the years.
Current naming standards. Still very boring.
These rules aren't set in stone, but if we all stay near the rules we all stay near each other. Like all standards, they work most of the time. When a situation is addressed by the standards, you can save your creativity for the projects.
Adam Savage is a huge fan of The Shining. In homage, he built a replica of the Overlook Hotel's hedge maze model which is so awesome that... well, watch the video. I am a huge fan of The Shining, and of Adam Savage. In homage, I made this Archicad model of the Savage replica.
Maze 3D
I used much less time, material, and skill, but I followed a similar process to that shown in the video: Figure out the grid, figure out the scale, obsess over screenshots, find good materials, and don't let it go even as it takes longer than it should.
While Adam makes clear that his model is a replica of the (prop) model inside the hotel, not a model of the maze itself (which likely does not 'exist'), my model is roughly 50:1 scale with the replica, restoring it to'real life' scale, based on the discussion in the video.
So this is a virtual model based on a video of a real replica of a lost real model of a likely unreal maze from a movie. (No, the maze isn't in the book IIRC.)
If you want a "model" of the maze, i.e., a miniature replica at 1:50 scale, suitable for modeling the Overlook itself, you can save the whole thing as an object and then shrink it. Use the saved view called 'Top View', select all elements, then File -> Libraries and Objects -> Save Selection As... -> Object. When placing the object, link the XYZ dimensions with the chain button and set the length to about 8 feet / 2.5m. Put it on a table.
Here is the PLA file (8MB). Here is the desktop BIMx file (4MB). Here is the Graphisoft BIMx viewer page. Here is an STL file (1.3MB).
If this was a proper post it would be clearer and have some illustrations. These are just my notes on the process, quite involved for us as you'll see, of migrating a project to AC17/18. Even though 17 was released 18 months ago, we still have projects in earlier versions and I doubt we are alone. IMO, the combination of Building Materials and "Inside/Outside" for walls is the biggest change to AC modeling in my


text:
【CONT】Memory If a card named「Dotop TV」 is in your memory, your other character in the middle position of the center stage gets +1000 power. 【ACT】［REST this card］Choose one of your 《Music》 characters, and that character gets +1000 power until end of turn.
Card Type: Character
Rarities: C = Common; U = Uncommon;
R = Rare; RR = Double Rare;
RRR = Triple Rare;
SP = Special; SR = Special Rare;
CC = Climax Common; CR = Climax Rare;


Katalin Karikó, the mother of the Covid-19 vaccine, affirms 'In summer we will probably be able to return to normal life'
Hungarian scientist Katalin Karikó, who made coronavirus vaccines possible, spent 40 years working and developing key breakthroughs for Moderna and BioNTech injections, gives hope that in summer'return to normal life'.
Katalin Karikó is a biochemist originally from Hungary, she did a rigorous investigation about the mRNA substance to fight diseases, which paved the way for the development of anticovid vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer / BioNTech laboratories, her findings may make it possible to face this pandemic.
The Hungarian researcher and biologist spoke in an interview for the newspaper El Pais, about her beginnings in the career of biology and how her path was to achieve the discoveries that today are being developed by large pharmaceutical companies for the preparation of doses against the coronavirus.
"I was a happy girl. My father was a butcher and I liked to watch him work, observe the viscera, the hearts of the animals, perhaps that's where my scientific vein came from, "says Karikó, who was born in 1955 in the city of Kisújszállás approximately 100 kilometers from the capital of Hungary, Budapest.
After studying biology in Hungary, he went to the United States to do his doctorate in 1985, but never returned. He points out that he was about to go to Spain with Luis Carrasco's group, who was interested in his work, as well as to France, but that communist Hungary "made things difficult."
The doses against the coronavirus developed by Pfizer / BioNTech and Moderna use messenger RNA to stimulate them to be the same cells of the individual that generate a response against an external agent that threatens to enter the body. This molecule is in charge of entering the cell nucleus and interpreting the body's requirements in order to adapt to them.
Despite being a technology that seems to have been successful against the coronavirus, Karikó received multiple rejections regarding his idea each time he sought funding to develop it. "Now everyone understands it, but before it was about changing DNA to correct diseases until they realized that mutations capable of causing death could be caused," said the biochemist to said medium.
The specialist explained that she was not used to care and support after long years of work, but ensures that this shows why science should be supported on many levels.
To know more: Moderna designed a vaccine against covid-19 in just two days thanks to mRNA technology
Lack of support for your idea in the 1990s
Karikó, the 65-year-old biochemist, spent most of the 1990s submitting requests for retribution in order to finance her research on'messenger ribonucleic acid', genetic molecules that tell cells which proteins to produce, essential for maintaining living and healthy bodies.
As such, the idea was a good one, but it was not 'fashionable'. What they wanted was to use a fragile and ephemeral molecule to cure diseases and prevent infections in an immutable way. RNA is a basic molecule for life, since it is the messenger in charge of entering the nucleus of our cells, reading genetic information, DNA and leaving with the formula for the production of all the proteins that are required to be able to perform all the activities.
What biochemistry wanted was to use the cells of the same patient in order to make the protein that would heal them by supplying a tiny RNA message. "Everyone understands it now, but not then," says the expert.
In the late 1980s, much of the scientific community focused on the use of DNA for the purpose of administering gene therapy. However, the Hungarian specialist considered mRNA promising, this because most diseases are not hereditary and do not require solutions that permanently alter our genetics.
It should be noted that it faced an important problem, since in animal experiments on synthetic mRNA it generated a massive inflammatory response, at the moment the immune system found an invader and rushed to fight it.
Together with scientist Drew Weissman, he was able to overcome this problem when they both discovered that one of the four building blocks of synthetic mRNA was failing, and they were able to overcome this problem by switching to a modified version.
They later published an article on the breakthrough in 2005. In 2015 they found a new way to deliver mRNA to mice, using a fatty layer called "lipid nanoparticles" that prevent the mRNA from degrading and help place it within the proper part of the cells. cells.
How did Karikó get into BioNTech?
In 2010, a group of American researchers founded a company that acquired the rights to the Karikó and Weissman patents. Named an acronym for'modified RNA': ModerRNA. Three years later, after 40 years working almost anonymously, Karikó was hired by BioNTech, a company in which she currently serves as vice president.
"I felt it was time to change and I thought I could take the position to make sure things were going in the right direction," says Karikó. Moderna and BioNTech vaccines, developed with Pfizer, have guaranteed efficacy of at least 94 percent.
To learn more: Pfizer announced that its vaccine is 95% effective, even in older adults
Katalin Karikó, la madre de la vacuna contra la Covid-19 afirma 'En verano podremos, probablemente, volver a la vida normal'
41 pequeños negocios que hay que apoyar en este fin e inicio de año
Copyright 2020 Entrepreneur.com Inc., All rights reserved
This article originally appeared on entrepreneur.com


The most mispronounced Irish names in America
Having an Irish name in the US is an experience unto itself! There's the gradual acceptance that many people you meet - from new friends to the fine barristas at Starbucks - will have no idea how to spell or pronounce your name. There's the patience you learn to muster as you repeat your name slowly for the umpteenth time. There's the rare moment of sheer exultation when you encounter someone who gets your name right on the first go, or an Irish speaker who doesn't give it a second thought.
Why do some Americans have such a hard time with Irish names? It's often the double vowel that catches out many people when they try to pronounce Gaelic names. Sometimes the triple vowel, as in "Caoimhe," completely stumps them.
[Read more: The top 10 Irish language names for girls]
Here's a list of the top ten tongue twisting Irish names - and a guide on how to pronounce them:
1. Caoimhe
Meaning "gentle in Gaelic. Pronounced "Kweeva", not "Cam-he".
2. Siobhan
Very common Gaelic name. Pronounced "SHIV awn" not "SEE o ban".
3. Oisin
Historical old Irish name of a fabled Fenian warrior (pictured above). Pronounced "USH een" not "Waz an".
4. Sinead
Again a common girl's name. Pronounced "SHIN ade" not "Sign aid".
5. Aisling
Meaning dream or vision. Seen in "The Secret of Kells" Often pronounced "Ass Sling" by Americans. Proper pronunciation is "ASH ling".
6. Niamh
Very common name with girls in Ireland. Pronounced "KNEE ov" not "NI Am H".
7. Grainne
Pictured above is what is believed to be her grave in Omagh, Co. Tyrone. After famed love partner of Diarmuid, a Fenian chieftain. Pronounced "GRAWN YAH" not "granny".
[Read more: The top 10 Irish language names for boys]
8. Cathal
Boys name meaning Charles in Gaelic. Pronounced "Cah Hull" not "cattle".
9. Tadgh
This is a difficult one. This is a boy's name. Pronounced "TIG" as in the first three letters in Tiger, not "Tad guh".
10. Saoirse
Meaning freedom, see also actress Saoirse Ronan. Pronounced "See Or Shah" not "Sway oar sha".
Practice makes perfect! And remember, before you complain about how hard they are to pronounce, it's important that you keep in mind the reason it's so hard; the names are in another language!
Good luck!


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Job stress and shift work have a lot more to do with obesity among nurses than previously thought, according to a study by the University of Maryland School of Nursing.
Survey data from 2,103 female nurses revealed that nurses with long work hours were significantly more likely to be obese compared with underweight or normal weight nurses. The obese nurses also reported having jobs requiring less physical exertion and less movement.
Previous to the study, not much was known scientifically about the prevalence of nurses' obesity and of the potential relationship between their work and their weight, says lead researcher Kihye Han, PhD, RN, postdoctoral fellow at the School.
Han says the study results provide timely evidence-based information for nurse executives and administrators who may consider rethinking their nurse scheduling. "Long work hours and shift work adversely affect quantity and quality of sleep, which often interferes with adherence to healthy behavior and increases obesity," she concludes.
The study, published in the Journal of Nursing Administration (volume 41, issue 11), is the latest in a series from the School of Nursing that together show adverse effects from unfavorable nursing schedules--effects not only on nurses' health but also on hospitals and patient care outcomes.
One of the previous studies by the same research team in the School of Nursing found that, along with long work hours, the work schedule component most frequently related to patient mortality was lack of time off from the job. Another study revealed evidence to challenge the common 12-hour nursing shift, which can result in sleep deprivation, health problems, and a greater chance for patient-care errors. In still another article, researchers described barriers that keep nursing executives from moving away from the practice, and offered strategies to help mitigate the possible negative effects of 12-hour shifts.
The obesity study suggests that educational interventions about sleep hygiene and strategies for adapting work schedules should be offered by hospitals and other health care institutions. Han adds that a favorable organizational climate that supports napping in the workplace can help prevent work-related sleep deprivation, reduce fatigue, and increase energy for healthy lifestyle behaviors.
About 55 percent of the nurses surveyed were obese. "Considering that more than half of nurses are overweight or obese, increasing availability of healthy food and providing sufficient time to consume it may reduce the risk of obesity and future health problems," says Han.


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50+ baby food jar crafts and creative ways to re-use baby food jars so you don't have to put throw them in the trash.
If you've had a baby in recent years, there's a good chance you've acquired quite a collection of baby food jars. Baby food jars ares so cute and chubby, and such a great size. If you're like me, you find it hard to thrown them away. If that's the case, your baby food jar collection could be growing at an alarming rate, and you're probably looking for things to make with all of those jars.
Well, you're in luck! One of my Facebook followers recently asked for ways that she could re-purpose her baby food jars, and the HH community responded with dozens of great crafts made with baby food jars along with practical ways to use baby food jars in and around the home.
I've gathered up their best suggestions and added a few of my own favourite uses for baby food jars, and I've come up with this long list of ideas for you.
From the craft room to the classroom to the bathroom and beyond, here are over 50 ways for you to use leftover baby food jars so you don't have to toss them out.
50+ Baby Food Jar Crafts
Click on the links below to see project details.
Ways to use baby food jars in the classroom or craft room:
- Crayon Caddy: Paint several baby food jars and store co-ordinating, coloured crayons in them.
- Fill baby food jars with water, and set on the art table to rinse paint brushes in.
- Give each student in the class a baby food jar filled with cream, and make homemade butter together.
- Make a mini "ocean in a jar" in a baby food jar. Pretty on classroom window sill or fun to play with.
- Soak dried out markers in baby food jars to make liquid watercolour paint.
- Make and store homemade finger paint in baby food jars.
- Baby food jars make great paint and glue pots at the easel. Lids keep them from drying out between uses.
- Punch holes in the lids (with a nail) and use jars to store and dispense glitter.
- Make I-Spy Jars in baby food jars.
- Make collection jars for the preschool classroom.
- Fill with small amounts of water for syringe transfer work trays in preschool or kindergarten
- Paint tall baby food jars with food coloring, water and glue for a frosted look. Store pens, pencils and paintbrushes in them.
Things to make for kids with baby food jars:
- Play dough jars: fill several baby food jars with different colours of homemade play dough for a kids' gift basket.
- Set some baby food jars out in the rain and make this scented rain paint.
- In the play kitchen: fill baby food jars with flour, rice, lentils etc. Glue the lids on, and kids can pretend-cook with them.
- Bug Jars – wrap a pipe cleaner handle around the top, and go exploring in the yard.
- Make these cute and quirky emoji jars for a kid's dresser or desk.
- Glue painted toy animals on baby food jar lids, use as party favours.
- Fill with homemade slime or silly putty to put in loot bags.
- Make a tooth fairy jar.
- Teach kids how to manage their allowance with 3 tall baby food jars labeled SPEND, SAVE, BANK.
- Make an advent or countdown calendar.
- Fill baby food jars with layers of "coloured sand" (ground sidewalk chalk mixed with salt).
- Use baby food jars to make mini lava-lamps.
Ways to re-use baby food jars in the kitchen:
- Make magnetic spice jars to store on the refrigerator door
- Organize your spice drawer with baby food jars.
- Make Smore's treats in baby food jars. Hand them out around the campfire or at a party.
- Make a window-sill herb garden with baby food jars.
- Fill baby food jars with condiments for camping or a bbq.
- Sterilize jars and lids, and reuse baby food jars for homemade baby food. The serving sizes are perfect.
Gifts and party favours to make with baby food jars:
- Baby food jars make great wedding favours. Decorate and place at each table setting.
- These baby food jar lanterns were hung in a tree at an outdoor wedding.
- Make Lego Head Jars as party favours for a Lego party.
- Make mini calming jars for kids or co-workers
- Make a wish jars or dream jars for your family and friends.
- Give a gift of homemade bath salts or sugar scrub in a baby food jar.
- Make these cupcakes in a jar to give to teachers, neighbours and friends.
- Make a craft kit for a child by filling jars with pom poms, sequins, foam stickers, and beads.
- Hot Cocoa in a baby food jar: layer hot chocolate, shaved chocolate and mini marshmallows in a jar. Cover the lid with a swatch of fabric tied with a ribbon.
Other ways to use baby food jars around the home and garden:
- Store pony tail holders, Q-tips, and hair clips in baby food jars on the bathroom counter.
- Make a spill proof nail-polish remover kit with a baby food jar.
- Plant succulents in baby food jars to display on a porch or patio.
- Hang these colourful baby food luminaries from a tree in your yard.
- Baby food jars are great for storing seeds for the garden.
- Make Photo Globes by placing your child's photo inside a baby food jar.
- Organize your spare change: each jar holds a different type of coin.
- Use baby food jars to hold paper clips, thumb tacks etc. on a desk or in a drawer in an office.
- Travel jewelry keeper for earrings and rings.
- A Mini sewing kit in a baby food jar is great for travel or the office.
- Fill baby food jars with Puffs, fishy crackers, Cheerios, nuts etc. Keep in the diaper bag for the kids.
- Nail the lids of baby food jars to the underside of a shelf to store screws, nails and craft supplies.
- Store several baby wipes in a baby food jar and keep in your purse or diaper bag.
Baby food jar Christmas crafts:
- Turn a baby food jar into a snowman Christmas tree ornament.
- Make festive holiday votive candle holders.
- Make sparkly tea light luminaries in baby food jars.
- Baby food jars make great miniature snow globes.
- Make Reindeer food for Christmas Eve.
What if you STILL have leftover baby food jars?
If you have more baby food jars than you could possibly ever use, even after reviewing all of the ideas, please consider giving your collection to a teacher, a crafter or a daycare provider. Most will be happy to put your little glass jars to good use.
Looking for more crafts to make with your recyclables? Check out:
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Jackie is a mom, wife, home daycare provider, and the creative spirit behind Happy Hooligans. She specializes in kids' crafts and activities, easy recipes, and parenting. She began blogging in 2011, and today, Happy Hooligans inspires more than 2 million parents, caregivers and Early Years Professionals all over the globe.


I need more than 250 individual pins for my project.(can't use multiplexing). so how can i get them? is there any good efficient and low cost modules for that. can MCP27017 do this?
 - 1
 Maybe you can tell us more about your project. Depending on what those 250 pins are used for and how they are connected the answer might be different. – kwasmich Jul 25 '17 at 9:06
 - You can't magically triple your physical pins without multiplexing them. The only reasonable choice i see is using another IC, which transmits results of it's GPIO's to the Pi via serial interfaces. Edit: In fact, the MCP seems to function that way, so yes, it can. – mystery Jul 25 '17 at 9:24
You can increase the effective number of GPIO pins on your Pi but using an appropriate external IC. I've never used the MCP27017, but it looks like it will do the trick.
But, there's a catch if you want to get a ton of pins. The Pi has limited ability to provide power through the GPIO header. If you string together enough external ICs, you might get 250 pins, but you probably cannot power them all simultaneously in any meaningful way. Whether or not that matters probably depends on your application. (In theory you might need 250 connections but only want to power a few at a time? You might also be able to get around this in some cases by providing a separate power supply to the external IC, but that would depend on what you're doing.)
Here's more information on the power limits of the Pi: What is the maximum current the GPIO pins can output?
One way would be to use external I/O units connected through USB. If you connect them through a powered HUB, this might help overcome power issues.
Have a look at _URL_ or _URL_
You will need to use an I/O peripheral (like the MCP27017) assuming the serial access time is not an issue. The GPIO pins on the RPi are nowhere as rugged as the I/O pins on an Arduino. At startup all GPIO pins are inputs. You need to configure in software how much current you intend to drive through an output pin. Total current from all outputs cannot exceed 50 mA (i.e: you can push 16 mA through three output pins). The following documents need to be understood before using the GPIO pins: _URL_ _URL_
Your Answer


text:
Selective cutting in miombo woodland
Together with Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam,
we developed several satellite derived deforestation and dedradation measures
for miombo woodland during a University colloboration project
'Agricultural and Ecological
Consequences of Deforestation and Afforestation in Tanzania and Zambia
based on Satellite Remote Sensing'.
Landsat data used to spot degradation areas around Mbeya
Town in South Western Tanzania.
The miombo woodland
eco-environment is comparable more stable than the West-African Sudano zone,
which open up for biomass measures of miombo. By calibartion of annual images it
was possible to measure general increase or decrease in biomass in miombo
woodland. The study confessed that the Ujamaa villagisation was a prime course
to deforestation and degradation. The above example show decrease in wood
resources around the town Mbeya - most of the degradation was coursed by cutting
for fuel wood.
The results have
implications for biomass accounting and REDD.
ENRECA programme 1991-94.


text: The American Board of Family Practice (ABFP) In-training Examination (ITE) is the most frequently used method of evaluation among accredited family practice programs. Despite its common use, there are still misunderstandings regarding the proper interpretation of the ABFP ITE results. The ABFP ITE is a norm-referenced test that allows for comparison of a resident's performance relative to other residents in the same year of training; it does not measure absolute performance. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the validity of the ABFP ITE. The eight specialty areas and clinical set problems lack sufficient reliability to be interpreted per individual resident. The composite score of the ABFP ITE has sufficient reliability to be used as part of a formal and comprehensive evaluation system. Group comparisons using the 10 ABFP ITE measures are appropriate.