text:
by Manuel Adelino, Kristopher Gerardi, and Paul S. Willen
Abstract: We document the fact that servicers have been reluctant to renegotiate mortgages since the foreclosure crisis started in 2007, having performed payment-reducing modifications on only about 3 percent of seriously delinquent loans. We show that this reluctance does not result from securitization: servicers renegotiate similarly small fractions of loans that they hold in their portfolios. Our results are robust to different definitions of renegotiation, including the one most likely to be affected by securitization, and to different definitions of delinquency. Our results are strongest in subsamples in which unobserved heterogeneity between portfolio and securitized loans is likely to be small, and for subprime loans. We use a theoretical model to show that redefault risk, the possibility that a borrower will still default despite costly renegotiation, and self-cure risk, the possibility that a seriously delinquent borrower will become current without renegotiation, make renegotiation unattractive to investors.


text:
A Question of Commitment
Children's Rights in Canada
Order online and receive a 25% discount
$48.95 Paper, 456 pp.
In 1991, the Government of Canada ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, requiring governments at all levels to ensure that Canadian laws and practices safeguard the rights of children. A Question of Commitment: Children's Rights in Canada is the first book to assess the extent to which Canada has fulfilled this commitment.
The editors, R. Brian Howe and Katherine Covell, contend that Canada has wavered in its commitment to the rights of children and is ambivalent in the political culture about the principle of children's rights. A Question of Commitment expands the scope of the editors' earlier book, The Challenge of Children's Rights for Canada, by including the voices of specialists in particular fields of children's rights and by incorporating recent developments.
About R. Brian Howe, and Katherine Covell
R. Brian Howe is a professor of political science and Katherine Covell is a professor of psychology at Cape Breton University. They are co-directors of the university's Children's Rights Centre and the authors of numerous articles on children's rights and human rights in Canada. Their books include The Challenge of Children's Rights for Canada (WLUP, 2001) and Empowering Children: Children's Rights Education as a Pathway to Citizenship (2005). Katherine Covell is the author of the UN report Violence against Children in North America (2005).
"This compilation is extremely well written, and covers many important areas in children's rights. The information provided is detailed and delivered in a manner easy to comprehend. Obviously, this issue is close to the hearts of teh editors and contributors; their remarks were compelling and their evidence was strong. For a person who is not conversant in this area but wishes to improve their knowledge, A Question of Commitment: Children's Rights in Canada will prove to be an excellent resource."
— Catherine Cotter, University of Windsor Law Library, Canadian Law Library Review
"A Question of Commitment attempts to evaluate Canada's progress via a series of essays in areas such as economics, social policy, education, health care, family and child care, child sex abuse prevention, and criminal justice. The breadth and depth of these essays is significant."
— Joan Whitman Hoff, Lock Haven University of PA, American Review of Canadian Studies
"Each chapter provides not only an evaluation of Canada's commitment but also an interpretation of how the standards articulated in the CRC [United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child] might be applied to particular areas of policy and practice.... It should be noted that the book contains a copy of the CRC, allowing for convenient consideration of the specific articles and wording referred to by chapter authors... [The book] demonstrates how rights-based policy and practice with children is complicated by issues of family privace, historical precedent, cultural differences, government organization, and economic conditions."
— Megan Nordquest Schwallie, University of Chicago, Ethics and Social Welfare
"Each chapter is well written and integrated into the overall focus of the volume, with links to specific sections of the CRC [UN Convention on the Rights of the Child] and evaluations of governmental initiatives. The editors provide a strong introduction and conclusion, outlining the history and details of the CRC and concluding that Canada's commitment to meeting its obligations has been wavering at best, in part due to a widespread lack of education about the CRC. This is a valuable source book on the current state of children's rights in Canada.... Highly recommended. All levels/libraries."
— R.C. Raby, Brock University, CHOICE
"A trenchant reminder of the need to ensure that all orders of government live up to their obligations for the provision of basic and essential social rights of citizenship.... All of the chapters are well written, adopt an advocacy standpoint, are based on extensive research set within a Canadian context, and provide a well-rounded bibliography."
— Timothy Wild, Alberta College of Social Workers, Canadian Social Work/Travail social canadien

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The PATS transceiver is located under the steering column shroud and communicates with the PATS ignition key. During each vehicle start sequence, the PATS transceiver reads the PATS ignition key identification code and sends data to the IC. The IC validates the code, and if it is the correct code, will send a message to the PCM to ground the starter relay solenoid coil and to also allow the fuel injectors to operate.
If the IC or the PCM is being replaced (or both), the parameters must be reset in both modules or the vehicle will experience a PATS no-start. This will occur even if the vehicle is not equipped with PATS. PATS vehicles and non-PATS vehicles have parameters in the IC and the PCM and they must be reset whenever either (or both) module(s) is (are) replaced. Refer to Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Parameter Reset
in this section.
The PATS function is controlled by the IC. When the PATS key is turned to the ON or START position, the IC initiates the key interrogation sequence by sending a voltage signal to the PATS transceiver. The transceiver then uses its antenna to bounce a signal off the transponder in the PATS key. This process "reads" the PATS key identification code and sends the key identification code back to the IC, which interprets it and determines if it matches one of the stored key codes. If it does match one of the stored key codes, the IC will send a message to the PCM to ground the starter relay solenoid coil and to also allow the fuel injectors to operate. If it does not match one of the stored key codes, or it is only a partial key read or no key read, the IC will send a message to the PCM to not ground the starter relay solenoid coil and not allow fuel injector operation. The anti-theft indicator in the IC will flash (or may glow steadily) and the IC will store one or more DTCs. All elements of PATS must be functional before the vehicle will start. If any of the components are not working correctly, the vehicle will not start. If the IC must be replaced for any reason (PATS concerns or IC concerns), the PATS keys must also be programmed into the new IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
in this section.
PATS disables the vehicle from starting if there is:
PATS Parameter Identification (PIDs)
- a damaged PATS key.
- a non-programmed PATS key.
- a non-PATS key (key has no electronics).
- damaged wiring.
- a damaged transceiver.
- a damaged IC.
- failed parameters between the IC and the PCM.
Monitoring the PATS PIDs in the IC can be very useful in determining which diagnostic steps to follow. Viewing the MASTERKEY (verifies if the key is programmed) PID (with both keys) will determine if the key is a programmed key and will also prove out the transceiver, circuitry and the IC. A master key is any key that is programmed into the IC (the MASTERKEY PID must display PRESNT). If the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPREST, it may mean the key in the ignition lock cylinder is not programmed, is not a PATS key, is damaged or the transceiver, circuitry or IC may be at fault.
Viewing the MIN_KEY (minimum number of keys) PID (this PID does not change) indicates the minimum number of keys that must be programmed into the IC. There must be at least 2 keys programmed into the IC in this type of PATS before the vehicle will start.
Viewing the N_KEYCODE (number of keys programmed) PID will determines if the minimum number of keys have been programmed into the IC. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 or 1, additional key(s) will need to be programmed into the IC in order to meet the minimum of 2 keys. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 or 1, and the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPREST, that particular key must be programmed into the IC. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 1, and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, that particular key is already programmed into the IC.
If the IC was replaced, the parameters in the IC, then the parameters in the PCM will need to be reset. When the parameters in the IC are reset, that clears (erases) the PCM ID from the IC. A parameter reset of the PCM will send a PCM ID to the IC that is necessary for the system to operate. Make sure to make 3-5 attempts to start the vehicle for 3-5 seconds each before attempting more procedures. The extra key cycles are necessary for the PCM ID to be sent (by the PCM) and then stored by the IC. If only a PCM parameter reset occurs, the IC may encounter 2 PCM IDs (the original one and the new one) and may cause a PATS-related no-start. If a PCM parameter reset occurs first, then the IC parameter reset occurs, there will be no PCM ID stored in the IC, and a PATS-related no-start may occur. Carry out the IC parameter reset first, then the PCM parameter reset next. If the PCMID PID reads STORED, the IC has a PCM ID stored. If it reads NOTSTRD, a parameter reset of the PCM may resolve this issue. If the PCMID PID reads STORED, the PCMVER (the PCM ID has been verified) PID will read YES.
If the PATSENABL PID reads DISABLE, and the N_KEYCODE PID reads 2 or more and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, the IC and the PCM will need to have their parameters reset.
If the PATSENABL PID reads DISABLE, and the N_KEYCODE PID reads 1 and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, or if the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 and the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPRESNT, a minimum of 2 keys will need to be programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
in this section.
If the MASTERKEY continues to read NOTPRESNT after programming, this may indicate a defective key. The SPAREKEY (spare key) PID is defaulted to ENABLE. With the SPAREKEY PID displaying ENABLE, the IC will accept more than 2 keys (up to a maximum of 8) being programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
in this section. It can be toggled to DISABL if the customer does not want any more than 2 keys programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Switch State Control
in this section. This switch state control does not affect the Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment procedure.
In summary for the IC PATS PIDs and their correct state in order for the vehicle to start:
- N_KEYCODE must read 2 or more
- MASTERKEY must read PRESNT
- PCMID must read STORED
- PATSENABL must read ENABLE
- PCMVER must read YES


text:
Medical Humanities Sheffield is pleased to offer an exciting opportunity to apply for three PhD studentships in a linked network studying the impacts of disease on personal identity, and the roles of shame and stigma. Concepts of shame and stigma have shaped our responses to disease throughout history, whether the diseases themselves are associated with stigma (for example, leprosy), or the consequences of disease-related behaviours which cause shame (addiction). These personal responses have profound impact on the ability of subjects to access treatment and engage with therapies with confidence.
Many diseases with psychological components are associated with complex sensations of stigma and shame that are rarely vocalized, poorly understood, and which change over time and with culture and context. The meanings of diseases as constructed through the interaction of medicine, the law, and societal assumptions requires a new, multidisciplinary vision to identify, dissect and explore their historical, cultural, emotional and clinical perspectives. Medical Humanities Sheffield was created specifically to enable these translational networks, and we propose what we believe to be the first interdisciplinary network worldwide to use multiple diseases and interdisciplinary techniques to inform and understand this critical pathway.
The network will establish the contemporary intersections and tensions between medical knowledge and practice, popular conceptions and attitudes, and the emotional state of patients. It involves placing these current scenarios and situations in meaningful historical and cultural perspective and linking the studentships together in a network makes for an in-built comparative dimension to the project.


text:
Project Scope & Definition and Feasibility Services
Matrix Technologies, offers conceptual design services to assist in the development of project scope & definition, schedule, costs, and benefits. This approach helps you maintain control of the overall project scope before a single dollar is spent on capital equipment. Knowing all the options and costs up front allows for better project planning and better understanding of the expected results.
In this scope and definition phase of the project implementation, we work with you to provide clear definition of the required engineering, equipment, construction, and overall project costs. We can provide evaluation of technology options, risk management, pre-engineering, front-end engineering design (FEED), and feasibility studies.
The following items are some common deliverables from the scope and definition phase:
- Process Flow Diagrams
- Mass and Energy Balances
- Equipment specification
- Consideration of Multiple Options to Meet the End Goal
- Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
- Equipment Arrangements
- Instrumentation Summary
- Preliminary Electrical Design
- Preliminary Project Schedule
- Licensing and Permit Research
- Project Cost Estimate


otutab command
Home Software Services About Contact
otutab command
See also
Defining and interpreting OTUs
 OTU /denoising analysis
 OTU commands
The otutab command generates an OTU table by mapping reads to OTUs.
OTU table output
See OTU table output options.
Normalizing the table
After generating the table,I recommend using the otutab_rare command to normalize all samples to the same number of reads.
Query dataset
The query file can be in FASTQ or FASTA format. Every query sequence must be labeled with a sample identifier. The fastx_get_sample_names command can be used to check that your sample names are formatted correctly.
Query sequences are typically raw reads, i.e. reads after paired read merging, if applicable, but before quality filtering. Low-quality reads and singletons can often be mapped successfully to an OTU, so including them accounts for a larger fraction of the reads (see OTU coverage). The fastx_uniques_persample command can be used to find the unique sequences and abundances for all samples. This compresses the input data and makes the otutab command somewhat faster but probably not as much as you might expect (typically, the compression is only ~2x).
OTU database
The search database is either a set of OTU sequences or "ZOTU" sequences, i.e. denoised sequences. Each query sequence is mapped to the closest database sequence. Ties are broken systematically by picking the first in database file order. A udb database can be used. Database sequences must be labeled with OTU identifiers. The database file is specified by the -otus or -zotus option. Use -zotus if the OTUs are denoised, -otus otherwise.
Identity threshold for mapping
The -id option sets the minimum fractional identity. Default is 0.97, corresponding to 97% identity. Denoised OTUs also use a 97% identity threshold by default to allow for sequencing and PCR error. See defining and interpreting OTUs and mapping reads to OTUs for discussion.
By default, reads are assumed to be on the same strand as the OTU sequences. You can use -strand both to search both strands.
Other output files
Standard output files are supported for reporting hits.
The -mapout option specifies a tabbed text file name with two fields, 1. read label and 2. OTU label. You would get the same output by using -userout with -userfields query+target with -top_hit_only.
The -notmatched option specifies a FASTA filename for sequences which are not assigned to an OTU.
The -notmatchedfq option specifies a FASTQ file for unassigned sequences (input must be FASTQ).
Multithreading is supported.
usearch -otutab reads.fq -otus otus.udb -otutabout otutab.txt -biomout otutab.json \
 -mapout map.txt -notmatched unmapped.fa -dbmatched otus_with_sizes.fa -sizeout


text:
Support and cultivate strong arts and culture organizations to ensure a vibrant, sustainable, and equitable ecosystem.
- Action 1 – Create a bridge for organizations to sustain through the covid pandemic and re-emerge with relevance and strength.
- Provide funding for stabilization through 2021 and re-opening plans for 2022 & beyond
- Provide consulting, legal advice, and resources for possible mergers and alliances
- Action 2 – Invest in the growth and stability of organizations of all sizes through general operating support.
- Action 3 – Invest in capacity building for boards and staffs to lead best-in-class organizations
- Action 4 – Explore shared services, shared rehearsal, and performance spaces.
- Action 5 – Create/nurture an arts incubator with shared resources and emphasis on BIPOC organizations


text:
COUNCIL NEWS: Girl Scouts' World Thinking Day is coming up on February 22.
Each year on this day, girls participate in activities and projects with global themes to honor their sister Girl Scouts in other countries.
The theme for World Thinking Day 2010 worldwide is "together we can end extreme poverty and hunger."
In this spirit we encourage our girls to explore ways they can help make the world a better place.
World Thinking Day not only gives Girl Guides and Girl Scouts a chance to celebrate international friendships, but is also a reminder that Girl Scouts of the USA is part of a global community—one of 145 countries in the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). "Think globally, act locally," is the mantra for encouraging girls to design activities that increase cultural awareness and emphasize the positive connections between Girl Scouts in the United States and their sisters throughout the world.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How Many Beers Are In a Keg
 Food & Drink / How Many Beers Are In a Keg
How Many Beers Are In a Keg
The cost of beer in kegs1 is much lower than in cans or bottles. This is why you can save a lot of money if you buy a keg of beer for your party or picnic. Everybody can guess that it contains a great deal of beer, but do you know how much exactly? The answer to this question can vary, depending of the place you live in. First, let's talk about kegs a bit in order to be sure that everyone has the idea how they look like.
As a rule, kegs are made of aluminum, stainless steel or wood. They are commonly used to store, transport and even serve different types of beverages and alcoholic drinks, carbonated or non-carbonated, like beer. Kegs are usually pressurized in order to preserve the taste and quality of the products.
Kegs may come in various sizes, and there are no any standards. The table below will help you to find out how many beers can be in different types of kegs.
Volume, US gallons
Volume, liters
Half Barrel (Full Keg)
Half Barrel (European)
Mini Keg (Bubba)
Corny Keg (Soda syrup)
Sixth Barrel (Torpedo)
Quarter Barrel (Pony Keg)
Wall (99 Beer Bottles)
Import Keg (European Barrel)
The US beer barrel is officially defined as a volume unit which is equal to 31 gallons. This is why a full keg is named a half barrel, though it has 15.5 gallons. Most brewers use this kind of kegs, so we can make some calculations and answer how many beers are in a keg.
One full keg contains:
But do not forget that we are talking about the American half barrel keg. Standard European kegs are somewhat smaller. For instance, an import keg contains fifty liters, which equals to 13.2 US gallons. The tiniest keg is called "Bubba", or mini keg. It is manufactured for retail sales and contains only 5 liters. Some kegs are recyclable.
A full half barrel keg weighs almost 73 kilograms (more than 160 pounds); though an empty one has only 13.5 kilograms (less than 30 pounds). The keg's typical height is 23.3 inches.
How Many Beers Are In a Keg
 1. A keg is a barrel of a small size, used to store liquids, like beer or some other drinks. They are made of aluminum or stainless steel. Wooden kegs are used to keep gunpowder, nails and other stuff. A typical American half barrel keg contains 15.5 US gallons.
Ask a Question
Any problem will be solved when you consult our customer service.
You may be interested in:


The Birth of Model Theory: Löwenheim's Theorem in the Frame of the Theory of Relatives
$99.95 / £82.00
Jan 25, 2004
6 x 9.25 in.
Buy This
Löwenheim's theorem reflects a critical point in the history of mathematical logic, for it marks the birth of model theory — that is, the part of logic that concerns the relationship between formal theories and their models. However, while the original proofs of other, comparably significant theorems are well understood, this is not the case with Löwenheim's theorem. For example, the very result that scholars attribute to Löwenheim today is not the one that Skolem — a logician raised in the algebraic tradition, like Löwenheim — appears to have attributed to him. In The Birth of Model Theory, Calixto Badesa provides both the first sustained, book-length analysis of Löwenheim's proof and a detailed description of the theoretical framework — and, in particular, of the algebraic tradition — that made the theorem possible.
Badesa's three main conclusions amount to a completely new interpretation of the proof, one that sharply contradicts the core of modern scholarship on the topic. First, Löwenheim did not use an infinitary language to prove his theorem; second, the functional interpretation of Löwenheim's normal form is anachronistic, and inappropriate for reconstructing the proof; and third, Löwenheim did not aim to prove the theorem's weakest version but the stronger version Skolem attributed to him. This book will be of considerable interest to historians of logic, logicians, philosophers of logic, and philosophers of mathematics.


text:
Arizona Science Center: Bark Beetles and Rainfall
Curriculum materials support teachers involving students in data analysis, investigating how rainfall and temperature relate to bark beetle outbreaks.
As part of the Communicating Climate Change (C3) Citizen Science initiative, Arizona Science Center and partnering institutions have developed statewide curriculum materials about climate change and bark beetle infestations. Using real data, students explore trends in temperature and rainfall, and how those trends relate to bark beetle outbreaks. Optional activities include participation in BudBurst or National Phenology Network projects.
Topic - climate change, temperature, rainfall, bark beetles
Audience - public, students, families
Location - Arizona
Goals - education, data analysis, state standards


In Alan Oppenheim's book Signals and Systems a comparison is made between the properties of discrete-time and continuous-time complex exponential signals in section 1.3 pg. 26. Specifically it says:
The continuous-time complex exponential $e^{j\omega_0t}$ has two properties: 1. the larger the magnitude of $\omega_0$, the higher is the rate of oscillation in the signal 2. $e^{j\omega_0t}$ is periodic for any value of $\omega_0$
Consider the discrete-time signal $e^{j(\omega_o+2\pi)n}= e^{j2\pi n} e^{j\omega_0 n}=e^{j\omega_0 n}$. Because of the periodicity implied by this equation, the signal $e^{j\omega_0 n}$ does not have a continually increasing rate of oscillation as $\omega_0$ is increased in magnitude. Rather, as illustrated in Figure 1.27, as we increase $\omega_0$ from 0, we obtain signals that oscillate more and more rapidly until we reach $\omega_0=\pi$. As we continue to increase $\omega_0$, we decrease the rate of oscillation until we reach $\omega_0=2\pi$, which produces the same constant sequence as $\omega_0=0$
figure 1.27
My confusion is with the part that is in bold. For the continuous-time case, we know that
$\omega_0 = \frac{2\pi}{T_0}$ and it makes sense to me that decreasing $T_0$ (more frequent oscillations) would cause $\omega_0$ to increase. Similarly, for the discrete-time case we know that
$\omega_0 N = 2\pi m$ for $N,m \in \mathbb{Z}$ Solving this equation for $\omega_0$, we get
$\omega_0=\frac{2\pi m}{N}$. Just like in the continuous-time case, decreasing N should cause $\omega_0$ to increase. So I am not seeing what is so special about $\omega_0=\pi$, the rate of oscillations suddenly start decreasing. I don't see that in the math if you decrease N.
As a consequence of the sampling theorem, the frequency spectrum of a discrete random variable is periodic, but it turns out that signals that are inherently discrete in time and not derived from an A/D converted continuous time signal are also periodic in frequency. As a consequence, as the frequency is increased, it goes from the positive portion of one periodic interval, to the next, i.e. it transitions to the negative image of the next interval.
In the old days, DSP was mostly a sub discipline of Electrical Engineering, and DSP was focused on doing things digitally that were previously done analog. In order to talk about DSP, without having to reference, a sampling frequency, a convention called unit sampling was commonly used, and a period of the spectrum is from -1/2 to 1/2.
As time progressed it was noted that DSP wasn't directly tied to processing analog derived signals and unit sampling was somewhat artificial, so it was recognized that $2\pi$ was a natural periodic interval, an $2\pi$ fits between $-\pi$ and $\pi$, which is why $\omega=\pi $ is a transition point in the spectrum.
Your Answer


9/11 In Plane Sight – The Pentagon Part
Created on Sunday, 13 June 2010 09:46
Why were America and the world never shown the video and photographs of the Pentagon, BEFORE the outer wall collapsed?
Many people do not realize that the outer wall did not collapse until almost 30 minutes after the alleged impact. Given that the outer wall of the Pentagon had not yet collapsed and the only hole is approximately 16 ft. in diameter – how does a jetliner over 44 feet tall and 125 ft. wide, fit into that hole as shown in the crystal-clear and close-up photographic evidence from the Pentagon?
Furthermore, can physics explain why there is no damage to the Pentagon's upper floors where the tail section would have hit? In the aftermath, it was reported by media sources that a giant 100 ft. crater was plowed into the front lawn of the Pentagon as the result of the powerful airliner crash. Why does photographic evidence overwhelmingly show that this was absolutely not the case? Why no crater? Why no skid marks? Why no burn marks? Why was the entire world deliberately misled?
Examine the video and photographic evidence for yourself.
Other Articles On Be Brilliant
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments


text:
A leading MNC bank in UAE had established its Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) division about a year and a half prior to this project. Sensing the huge opportunity in the SME space, the bank wanted to increase its focus on this segment. However, the UAE market was characterised by a dearth of publicly available information due to the "Tax-Free" nature of the economy which did not mandate the filing of annual books of accounts. The bank hence requested UC Strategy extensive research of the UAE market to identify focus sectors, growth potential and strategies to be adopted by the bank to target these segments. Such research would also give a first mover advantage to the bank as no other bank had access to such data.
To develop the SME strategy, UC Strategy adopted the following approach:
- Conducted primary research amongst 100 SMEs to identify industry trends, banking needs etc.
- Calculated the banking wallet size for leading SME segments
- Prioritised focus segments
- Conducted competitor research to understand key focus segments of the competition, their perspective of the market, future strategy etc.
- Analysed the impact of the real estate boom and Islamic banking on the SME segments
- Defined an agenda for action for the bank based on:
- Product Focus
- Geography Focus (relative importance of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah)
- Community Focus
- Value Proposition
- Points of Parity and Points of Differentiation
UC Strategy delivered its market research on the SME sector in the UAE, along with recommendations of areas to focus on, growth potential and strategies to be adopted.


text:
Design of low cost, low emission marine propulsion systems
Ricardo marine propulsion experts used state-of-the-art computer aided engineering (CAE) software to evaluate the environmental and commercial performance of different marine propulsion system architectures under a range of different usage scenarios.
The work focused on the requirements of a typical harbour tugboat operating in a medium-sized European port. The general characteristics of the vessel were assumed to be a length of 35m, beam of 14m and draft of 5m, with a bollard pull of some 50 tonnes. Two alternative propulsion system configurations were considered for this vessel:
A high-efficiency conventional mechanical architecture, comprising two diesel engines powering respectively a port and starboard propeller by direct drive via a gearbox.
A hybrid electrical propulsion system based on two natural gas engine generator sets providing power to battery banks, with separate electric motors driving each propeller.
The study demonstrated the value of applying CAE simulation tools at the very earliest stages of vessel design or of repowering. From assessing the likely usage profile, the CAE tools allowed for the early assessment of detailed considerations of environmental performance, capital and operational expenditure requirements, and likely return on investment.


text:
P.A.C.E. is the Memorial School's parent organization. Through the diligent and effective work of parents, this organization raises thousands of dollars through family donations and fund raising. The money goes to support enrichment programs in the arts, science, and math.
The primary mission of P.A.C.E. is to raise funds for projects, programs, speakers or equipment that will enrich students' educational experience, promote excellence or provide informational resources to their parents. We strive to provide parents and community members with opportunities to utilize their time and talents as Memorial School volunteers. We aim to foster a positive working relationship among students, parents, and school personnel. We strive to conduct research, surveys or evaluation on issues of concern.
Our objective is to fund and support the following programs through donations and fundraising:
1. Field Trips – we fund 100% of the field trips for each class during the year
2. Enrichment Programs – we are funding 2 enrichment programs seen by the entire school.
3. Events/Family Nights - Kindergarten Social, Family Dance, Talent Show, Book Fairs, BINGO Nights, and Science Fair
4. Supplemental Educational Enrichment Donation (S.E.E.D.) - mini-grants available to teachers for enrichment of individual classroom curriculums.
2018-19 P.A.C.E. OFFICERS
Please feel free to contact any of the following officers with any questions throughout the year:
Anne Sullivan, President _EMAIL_
Sara Al-Haza, Vice President _EMAIL_
Amanda Lind, Treasurer _EMAIL_
Christine Zacchilli, Ways & Means _EMAIL_
Kimberly Maurice-Kelly, Ways & Means _EMAIL_
Amanda Lind, Communications _EMAIL_


Third Circuit Upholds Exclusion of Expert Opinions in Zoloft Litigation
Written on Wednesday, June 21st, 2017 by T.C. Kelly
Filed under: ExpertWitness
A number of lawsuits have alleged that Zoloft, an anti-depressant manufactured by Pfizer, causes heart defects in babies when the drug is taken during pregnancy. The lawsuits turn on expert evidence that Zoloft causes cardiac defects in a fetus when taken early in a pregnancy.
Hundreds of federal lawsuits were consolidated in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in a process known as multi-district litigation. After excluding expert testimony offered by the plaintiffs' steering committee, the district court judge granted summary judgment to Pfizer and dismissed the cases without a trial. That decision was appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Epidemiologist Testimony
The plaintiffs' steering committee initially relied on the expert opinions of epidemiologist Anick Bérard. The trial court excluded Dr. Bérard's proposed testimony because he relied (in the court's words) on the "novel technique of drawing conclusions by examining 'trends' (often statistically non-significant) across selected studies."
After Bérard was excluded as an expert witness, the plaintiffs' steering committee proposed to call Nicholas Jewell, a statistician, to prove causation. Pfizer filed a Daubert motion to exclude Jewell's testimony. The court's decision to grant that motion was affirmed on appeal.
Jewell's Testimony
Jewell analyzed studies that found a significant association between Zoloft and cardiac defects. The court declined to consider one of those studies because scientists who tried to replicate its results could not do so, and declined to consider another because the study contained an error that invalidated its results.
The trial court expressed concerns about the remaining studies because those that reached consistent results were based on the same database, while a study with a larger database failed to replicate those results. Jewell could not explain the inconsistency in a way that satisfied the court.
The trial judge also faulted Jewell for relying on statistically insignificant results, for disregarding a meta-analysis that reported insignificant associations between Zoloft and cardiac defects, for reanalyzing two studies that found no significant association between Zoloft and cardiac defects, and for conducting his own meta-analysis that included two studies but disregarded others.
The trial judge ultimately found that Jewell "failed to consistently apply the scientific methods he articulates, has deviated from or downplayed certain well-established principles in his field, and has inconsistently applied methods and standards to his data so as to support his a priori opinion."
The Appeal
The question on appeal was whether the judge crossed the elusive line between acting as a gatekeeper to prevent the jury from hearing unreliable testimony and acting as a juror by judging the credibility of Jewell's opinions.
The court of appeals noted that a judge must take care not to usurp the jury's role. A trial court should exclude expert testimony only when the flaw in the expert's methodology, or application of the methodology, is so large that the expert lacks "good grounds" for his or her conclusions.
Statistical Significance
According to the court of appeals, the central question on appeal was "whether statistical significance is necessary to prove causality." Declining to state "a bright-line rule," the court conceded that a causal connection between drug ingestion and a resulting harm may exist even in the absence of statistically significant findings. For example, studies of small populations might not detect significant differences in outcomes between pregnant mothers who took a drug and those who did not, while studies of larger populations (if they existed) might detect that difference.
Still, it was the plaintiffs' obligation to prove a causal connection between Zoloft and birth defects. The court concluded that statistical significance is not a "magic criterion" of admissibility, but regarded it as "an important metric to distinguish between results supporting a true association and those resulting from mere chance."
The plaintiffs argued that the district court erroneously required "replicated, significant epidemiological results before inferring causality." The appellate court decided that the trial judge did not impose that requirement as a legal standard, but made a factual finding about what the teratology community generally requires to establish causality. Of course, the difference between a factual finding and a legal standard is murky when the factual finding drives the court's decision about whether the legal standard of reliability has been satisfied.
The court based its finding about what the teratology community requires on the court's own review of the scientific literature to determine the "prevailing standard" that scientists follow. Although proof that a scientific methodology has been generally accepted is not required by Daubert, it is a factor the court can consider. Since the court also considered (and rejected) alternative methodologies used by Jewell and Bérard, including general trends analysis, reexamination of studies, and meta-analysis, the court of appeals decided that the trial court did not create an inappropriate legal standard that applies in all cases.
"Weight of Evidence" Methodology
Jewell's expert opinions rested on a combination of two methodologies: a "weight of evidence" analysis and the Bradford Hill criteria. A weight of evidence analysis invokes a chain of reasoning to arrive at the best answer to a question. The Bradford Hill criteria are principles that epidemiologists use to distinguish a mere association from a causal connection.
The court of appeals agreed that the weight of evidence analysis and the Bradford Hill criteria are reliable methodologies for determining causation. The appellate court agreed with the trial court, however, that Jewell failed to apply the methodologies in a reliable way.
The court noted that "flexible methodologies" require an expert to make choices by, for instance, assigning more weight to one factor than another. Reliable application of a flexible methodology requires the expert to justify those choices with sound scientific reasoning. It is that reliance on the scientific method that distinguishes the reliable application of a methodology from an outcome-driven assessment of evidence.
The court of appeals accepted that methodologies such as trend analysis, meta-analysis, and reanalysis may be reliable, but faulted Jewell for failing to apply those techniques reliably and for failing to failing to explain how his analysis supported selected Bradford Hill criteria. According to the court, Jewell "applied these techniques inconsistently, without explanation, to different subsets of the body of evidence."
The court of appeals rejected some of the trial court's reasoning. Unlike the trial court, the court of appeals did not think it is inherently problematic for one scientist to reanalyze data obtained by another scientist and to arrive at a different conclusion as a result of that reanalysis. The court of appeals also thought the trial judge usurped the jury's role in concluding that one study cannot replicate another when both studies are based on the same population, a proposition that Jewell disputed. The court of appeals nevertheless concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that Jewell's conclusions were insufficiently reliable to satisfy Daubert.
About T.C. Kelly
About T.C. Kelly


text:
At a Glance
The origins of Hinemaiaia Scheme were in 1939, with a push to develop an electricity supply for Taupo. Power was first generated from Hinemaiaia A Station in 1952 and fed into the national grid from 1958. A second generator was commissioned in 1982, boosting output to 2 MW.
Hinemaiaia B (1.3 MW) was commissioned in 1966 and Hinemaiaia C (2.8 MW) in 1982.
Environment and recreation
Hinemaiaia A Lake has grown into a rich wetland, protected through restricted public access. Below Hinemaiaia B Station, there's a productive trout spawning area. For this stretch of river, we maintain a flow of three cubic metres per second, so long as there's sufficient flow from Hinemaiaia A Lake. This consistent water flow aids trout migration up the river and avoids any concerns of erosion due to irregular flows.
We run a comprehensive trout trap and transfer programme, each year releasing 200 trout and around 35,000 fry above Hinemaiaia B Dam. We need to periodically dredge Hinemaiaia A Lake to ensure sufficient water storage. Scientific investigations that we commissioned showed no significant long-term environmental effects from the dredging.
New Resource Consents for the Hinemaiaia Scheme were granted in 2003, with expiry scheduled for 2036.


text:
Smart people don't put their toys away, they build machines to do it for them. Case and point: this NXT project which can sort LEGO pieces. Just dump a bucket of random blocks in a hopper on one end of the machine. One slice at a time, these plastic pieces will be lifted onto a conveyor system made up of several different belts, which allows for separation of the parts. One block at a time, each piece enters a specially lighted chamber where they are visually identified by the NXT brick. Once it identifies the block, a carousel of plastic containers rotates to place the correct home for the block below the output shoot seen above.
So do we now have a completed LEGO circle of life? Not quite. You can build structures automatically using a 3D LEGO printer and this sorter will have no problem organizing the parts for that purpose. But we still need a LEGO machine that can tear assembled bricks apart.


text:
How to Build Your Own Deer Proof Garden Enclosures
Deer can make quick work of a flower or vegetable garden, eating the plants to the ground overnight. Although repellents are available, they don't always work well and might not work at all if you have a lot of deer in your area. Building an enclosure around the entire garden is the quickest way to ensure your plants are safe.
Designing for Deer
The height of the fence depends on the materials and the design. If the deer can see through the fence, it needs to be at least 8 feet tall to keep them out. You don't need as tall of a fence if the material is solid, because deer are more hesitant to jump into areas that can't first survey for dangers. A solid fence doesn't need to be more than 5 feet tall. If you are limited on height but not space, you can build a 4-foot-tall fence slanted at a 45-degree angle, or you can install double 4- to 5-foot-tall fences spaced 5 feet apart. Although deer can jump high, they can't cover much distance, so shorter fences that cover more ground provide enough protection.
Inexpensive black nylon mesh deer fencing or wire mesh fencing are unobtrusive choices for tall deer fences. Deer can sometimes push up the nylon and walk underneath, so anchor it well on all sides. Wood is the most common material used for a solid fence. Wood fences are permanent so they are best used in areas where you don't need to take down the fence seasonally. You can use either material for a slanted or double fence. Nylon and wire fences require tall, durable posts or stakes that are at least 2 inches wide, or you can use metal stakes to hold up the fencing. The posts must be as tall as the fences, plus an additional 18 to 24 inches.
Sturdy and Strong
Firmly anchored fences can withstand the elements and access attempts by the deer. Drive posts at least 18 inches into the ground and space them at 4-foot intervals. If you are permanently installing the posts, fill the post holes with quick-setting concrete before inserting the posts. Allow the concrete to set completely before attaching the fence. If you construct a slanted fence, install one upright post at the desired height, and then attach a board to the top and slant it back to the ground at the desired distance. Stretch nylon or wire fencing material so it's taught between the posts or over the slanted boards and wire, then staple or nail it in place. Most fencing comes on 4-foot-wide rolls, so you will need to overlap the material to cover the entire area.
Safe and Secure
Deer can't easily see nylon or wire fencing, so tie strips of white cloth to the fencing so the deer can see it clearly until they learn an alternate route around your garden. U-shaped garden stakes, also called garden staples, can anchor down the bottom edge of mesh fencing materials so the deer don't push underneath. A gate in the fence is necessary even if you don't require outside access, because it allows the deer to escape if they do manage to get inside. Use sturdy 4-inch fence posts to frame in the gate. Attaching the fencing material to a wooden gate frame creates a sturdier gate that can better survive the stresses of opening and closing without weakening. A concrete or wooden sill beneath the gate prevents deer from finding a way underneath.
Jenny Harrington has been a freelance writer since 2006. Her published articles have appeared in various print and online publications. Previously, she owned her own business, selling handmade items online, wholesale and at crafts fairs. Harrington's specialties include small business information, crafting, decorating and gardening.


if everything is working properly.
You should now have CJDNS setup and configured to start on boot and peered with both system letting you securely route data between the two systems.
We have not covered restricting communication between the systems to only use this new route, and how to segregate peer connections if you connect to other CJDNS peers.
Event ID 4319 NetBIOS over TCP/IP with Dual Nic's
We have received many alerts on the error Event ID 4319 as seen below.
Event log: System
Event Source: NetBT
Event ID: 4319
Message Contents: A duplicate name has been detected on the TCP network.
The IP address of the computer that sent the message is in the data.
Use nbtstat -n in a command window to see which name is in the Conflict state.
View of the nbtstat -n command result
The cause of this issue has been systems that have more than one network card, this is more common in laptops that will use a hardline in the office. you can see this by using the command 'nbtstat -n' multiple network cards have the same NetBIOS name.
To correct this behavior you could prevent both network cards from connecting at the same time, although that is not a viable tactic to us. What we have decided to do is disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP on the wireless card. If you are doing this remotely you can run the following commands.
First you will need to know what the index number of your network card is, you can retrieve that with the following command.
wmic nicconfig get caption,index,TcpipNetbiosOptions
View of the network cards and the index numbers
You can see the index number listed next to each network card name, in this case we are looking for the wireless card, that would be index number '2'. You can also see the TcpipNetbiosOptions column is showing a '0', that means it is set to DHCP server options or fail over to enabled if DHCP has no options set. we will need the TcpipNetbiosOptions value to be '2' to disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP, and with the index number we can run the following. (Change the index to the nic relevant to your issue.)
wmic nicconfig where index=2 call SetTcpipNetbios 2
Result of setting NetBIOS over TCP/IP off.
The Shape of Tomorrow
One of the ideas that is common to hear is 'tomorrow will be so different' and the recently more common 'this will change everything'. The idea being that the next thing on the horizon will change the world in ways that we could never imagine and that is not going to happen to our civilization without a revolution in technology itself.
Let us consider the example of the horseless carriage, or not since we have beaten that to death. Let us instead look to your home, it is a nice place, it has 4+ walls, a solid flooring, and one would hope a roof over your head. This basic idea has not changed much but our execution of this simple concept can now take us from a dry hole in a hill to any modern dwelling. but we have mastered the building style, tools, and knowledge to make a modern structure. The story of how the food go to your plate is a much better story to show how things change and yet can stay the same, contemplate the supply chain needed to get you that produce on time.
We can see the changes coming that sound big take for example the idea that all stores will have robotic attendants, and all manufacturing is done by machines creating on demand custom handbag to the new kitchen counters. We can imagine this because it is already happening. You only need to look at manufacturing, farming, and distributors to see how they use more advanced tools like robotics to see how this will have a reduction in the need for humans on site.
The shape of the world has is not changed from how it was, we are still going about our daily life handling many small items, doing a task, and interacting with others around us. The idea that things will change beyond our imagining is a farce to help us deal with change in general.
We constantly change but we also adapt and accept the changes. Lets look at something simple like keeping your floor clean, wipe or pickup all the dirt if you do not have a broom or mop the carpet need to be beaten if you do not have a vacuum cleaner. Or jumping forward actually vacyume if you do not have a robotic vacuum. From this simple idea we can see that soon the laundry will be folded for you, the dishes cleaned, and put away.
When you can go down to the local store and pickup a personal attendant for the cost of a small appliance it will be common place. and just like with robotic vacuums nothing will have really changed. We as a species do change more every day and at a faster rate then ever before but your life will not change fundamentally, it will just be improved like it was yesterday.
Job Losses, Basic Income, and EVE.
The modern person works a job to pay the bills and support their way of life and improve it, hopefully by doing something that they enjoy and find rewarding. I would like to ask what happens when you do not have an income and compare this to the MMO Game EVE.
A job is very important to the average person because it pays for the most important things you need like food, and shelter. I do not know anyone that can do without food, and most places are not sunny year round requiring shelter to survive. You might be luck and your parents, partner or to a limited extent governments can provide a limited coverage when you can not support your self. But if government support runs out or parents have issues how do you survive?
If you are luck to find a job you like and you are good at, you should not have many issues providing for yourself. Many people though do not know what they want to do, or have no support to test the waters and get the first job they can. Many articles have been written on the topic of job progression and how once you are in a job that only provides the basics of survival you do not have much ability to progress to better employment, you cannot risk what little you have. To progress you might need to take risks and the risks need to be balanced against what you might gain and what you might loss. If you risk losing your survival you will not take the risk and this would result in becoming trapped and unable to escape.
In most MMO games you do not need to survive in the traditional sense, in EVE you can sit in a space station forever and never pay for rent or food. Now this is not much of an existence but it does something very basic, you can fail at everything in the game and still have a second chance. You can start a company in game, you can explore the universe, you can do literally everything that is offered until you succeed. But the important thing here is that you can and will fail, and that is not a problem in the game world. Because of this safety net you can keep trying and learning from the mistakes and improving until you do something great, and when someone bigger takes it all away you can still try again.
This is where Basic Income would help society grow by giving everyone a guarantee of survival even if they lost everything. We need to provide the basics of food and shelter to all people with no restrictions if we want to encourage people to take the risks to do something great. We normally can not take the same risks we do in games, but if we could build a safety net like Basic Income then we would finally be able take many of the risks in life, imagine what we could accomplish.
If you would like to read more on Basic Income read the Wiki on the topic.
I also recommend keeping up with the reddit community.
Error: The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135)
If you are getting the error "The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135). Click on OK to terminate the application." when you are launching an application you do not have the.NET Framework installed.
You can go to to download the.NET Framework from Microsoft.
This can be an issue with XP systems as they do not come with.NET Framework by default, most Vista and newer systems will have.NET Framework 3.5 SP1 installed by default. Please remember that.NET Framework 4.0 is not backwards compatible with.NET Framework 3.5.
Windows ReportQueue Eating the Drive
Working on a few system I have found that the following folder has filled up at times with error report files eating all available drive space.
C:\Users\All Users\Microsoft\Windows\Wer\ReportQueue\*
Now I know that this if you have files collecting here you might have bigger issues with the system and you should check that out in time. The files are safe to delete and will not cause any issues after removed. You can also disable error reporting on the system to stop the generation of the error reports.


text:
Yvette (1990) is a photographer and Waldorf teacher, based in Amsterdam
Yvette photographs nature. She photographs people and the animal and plant world in diverse contexts: from their natural habitat to the urban environment, in remote places or banal settings and situations. She compiles her findings in a vast archive of images covering a wide spectrum, from everyday views, to compositions that tend towards abstraction. This interest in the natural world as a subject has been further complemented by her exploration of the properties and materiality of the analogue photographic images.
Yvette works as a Waldorf educator. In her teachings she values learning through doing and learning through making. Practical works harmonises the child's soul faculties and thinking, feeling and willing, just as stories work down into the life processes and bodily rhythms in an equally harmonising way. Also Yvette finds it important to support and encourage the children's independent thinking skills and their freedom of individual development. As a pedagogue she guides children on their path and she learns a lot from them simultaneously.


text:
This article will cover:
What does the flow look like from the Advocate point of view?
- Navigate to the AdvocateHub URL
- There are two scenarios:
- If they have previously logged in to your portal and the cookie is still present in the browser then they will be brought directly to the AdvocateHub.
- If they have not previously logged in and have no cookie they will be invited to enter their login credentials to your platform, upon successful entry of these, they will be brought to the AdvocateHub.
Note: If an advocate is already a member of another AdvocateHub with the same email address then there is one additional step in the flow. After they successfully enter their credentials into the customer portal, they will see a message like below:
An email will be sent to the Advocate which will include a link which they just have to click on and they will be brought back to the login screen to enter their credentials once more before gaining access to the AdvocateHub.
Here is a visual walkthrough of the flow the Advocate will experience:
How do invites work with SSO?
You can get Advocates into your hub in a number of ways:
1. Join Code/Join URL - These work exactly the same as they would on a non-SSO hub. Read more on them here
2. As enabling SAML means anybody with access to your Identity Provider can access Influitive, you can also provide your Advocates with just your hub URL and they will be able to access. The disadvantage of this is the lack of segmentation.
3. You can send out traditional email invites from our system or Marketo. If you send these the Advocate must use the link provided in these emails or else they may encounter permission issues.
Things To Think About If Implementing SSO On An Active Hub
What can you do to prepare for this?
Can I have Employees access the AdvocateHub via SSO but Customers access using the traditional method?
Using SAML, no, anybody who has an account setup in the platform you are utilizing SSO in will be able to access the AdvocateHub. This is a case of all or nothing. If you want to use SSO then everybody has to login using it. So for example, if you have employees who have accounts in your portal they can login through SSO, but if you have customers who don't have an account in your portal they have no way to login when SSO is enabled in your AdvocateHub.
Where are the 'Terms and Conditions' and Consent housed when using SSO?
How does the AdvocateHub App work with SSO?


Question: When Did The Dutch Get Surnames?
Why Dutch is called Dutch?
Specifically the phrase High Dutch referred to people from the mountainous area of what is now southern Germany.
Within the Holy Roman Empire, the word Netherlands was used to describe people from the low-lying (nether) region (land)..
What is the most common name in the Netherlands?
Popular Names in the NetherlandsBoysRankNamePct.1.Daan0.95%2.Sem0.93%3.Milan0.84%106 more rows
Are the Dutch Celtic?
Today, many Belgians and Dutch from the southern areas of the Netherlands, especially from remote and rural areas, would still carry Celtic DNA. This ethnicity was the most common in these lands before the arrival of the Germanic tribes, which absorbed them thanks to their numeric superiority.
What are Dutch last names?
Top 10 most common Dutch surnamesDe Jong. (86,534 in 2007) De Jong in 2007. … Jansen. (75,698 in 2007) Jansen in 2007. … De Vries. (73,152 in 2007) De Vries in 2007. … Van de Berg / van den Berg / van der Berg. (60,135 in 2007) Van de/den/der Berg in 2007. … Van Dijk. (57,879 in 2007) … Bakker. (56,864 in 2007) … Janssen. (55,394 in 2007) … Visser. (50,929 in 2007)More items…•
When did they start using last names?
Over time many names became corrupted and their original meaning is now not easily seen. After 1066, the Norman barons introduced surnames into England, and the practice gradually spread. Initially, the identifying names were changed or dropped at will, but eventually they began to stick and to get passed on.
Is van a middle or last name?
It is common that von names are gentry names, but there are also commoners with von names (it is a regional thing, I seem to recall). Van is the Dutch variant, and IMHO commoner names with van are more common in the Netherlands. It's not a middle name. It means "of" as in "John of the Schmidt family".
What race is black Dutch?
"There are strong indications that the original "Black Dutch" were swarthy-complexioned Germans. Anglo-Americans loosely applied the term to any dark-complexioned American of European descent. The term was adopted [by some people] as an attempt to disguise Indian or infrequently, tri-racial descent.
Did Jesus have a last name?
Jesus does not have a last name. … Christ is not a name, but a title. Christ means "anointed" or "Messiah", so Jesus became the "Christ" or "Messiah" when he got baptized at the age of 30.
What was the first last name ever?
Until the Shang Dynasty (_PHONE_ BC), people seemed to use matrilineal surnames, but afterward, they had switched to using patrilineal ones. The oldest surname known to have been recorded anywhere in Europe, though, was in County Galway, Ireland, in the year 916. It was the name "O Cleirigh" (O'Clery).
Why are Dutch surnames so weird?
They started having a census for the purpose of taxation, and forced everyone to have a family name, which was not a common practice for the Dutch. The Dutch thought this would be a temporary measure, and took on comical or offensive sounding names as a practical joke on their French occupiers.
Why do Dutch last names start with van?
listen)) is a very common prefix in Dutch language surnames, where it is known as a tussenvoegsel. … Van is also a preposition in the Dutch and Afrikaans languages, meaning "of" or "from" depending on the context (similar to de and di in the Romance languages).
What do Dutch people look like?
Dutch people have very open views and some of the most conservative communities. But besides all this, they love bicycles and the environment. … And if you want to recognize a Dutch when you see him, here are some physical traits of Dutch heritage: tall, blonde, blue eyes, freckles, large smile, athletic.
Are Dutch and German the same race?
Nederlanders) or the Dutch, are a Germanic ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands….Dutch people.NederlandersCanada1,112,000Australia336,000Germany128,000Belgium121,00025 more rows
What is the rarest last name?
How did the Dutch get their surnames?
Ultimately, a surname could be taken from anywhere. Typical sources included unique and sometimes unflattering nicknames, a person's patronymic, their father's patronymic, a place of origin, an occupation, or a position within the community or within their own family.


Being in a cramped space with strangers with no easy way to get out can be a very scary thing for a lot of people. We can get nervous, have anxiety fits, and even get physical because of "fear of elevators" As "people", we, at least understand what an elevator is and that we will have the opportunity to get off and feel safe again.
Now, let's turn to our dogs. They understand walks, pools, stairs, houses, rooms, and other fixed objects that contain noises and senses that they can normally understand. For example; if they are in a room and hear a noise from the next room, they can easily investigate. If they feel unsafe in a particular situation, our dogs can use their fight or flight mechanism to return them to their concept of safety.
From an initial, first take; the elevator might seem like a "small room" the first time we take our dog into one. Then, all of a sudden, they feel the sensation of moving and there are all sorts of strange noises coming from all around them.
Because of our need to "keep our dogs safe", we have our dog on a tight leash off to one side. We think that this will keep them safe and won't permit them to bite or jump on anyone. We know that we have to do this. Well, we have just taken our dog's ability to investigate and safety choice of "flight" off their plate.
As you can see, we are building a larger and larger conundrum. We need to use the elevator if we live in a high-rise building. Everything we think we need to do to keep our dog and neighbors safe is really doing the opposite.
We need to figure out a completely different set of training exercises that can fit both our dogs' needs and the needs of our neighbors. If we don't do this, high-rise living will be imp[possible. Robin and I have a great dog training article that will solve your problem. Please read "How Do I Teach My Dog to Behave on the Elevator".
Steps you need to take to keep your dog safe in the elevator


THE TREE DOCTOR (aka The Plant Doctor)
White Oak Leaves
White Oak leaves (description is below)
The white oak, subgroup of genus (Quercus) leaf is identified as a simple (one blade), pinnate, evenly spaced, and with rounded leaf lobes. The leaf on the left has much shallower lobes than the one on the right, with its fiddle shape and large terminal lobe. This demonstrates the broad variation in white oak leaf shapes, but remember the major identity key to tell the difference between oak leaves is by knowing the rounded leaf lobes belong to white oaks.
black/white outline of the above leaf shapes is shown on this page.
Also, compare the difference between the white oaks to the red oak leaf.


Skip to definition.
Noun: yawl yol
 1. A ship's small boat (usually rowed by 4 or 6 oars)
 - dandy
Verb: yawl yol
 1. Emit long loud cries
 "yawl with sorrow";
 - howl, ululate, wail, roar, yaup
Sounds like: yacks, yawl
Derived forms: yawled, yawling, yawls
Type of: call, cry, holler, hollo [non-standard], sailing ship, sailing vessel, scream, shout, shout out, small boat, squall, yell
Encyclopedia: Yawl


Verifying the Derby system configuration
You should confirm that your computer has the correct software installed and that the environment variables are set before you start working with Derby.
To check the Derby system configuration:
 1. Verify that the java.exe file, version 1.4.2 or, higher is in your command execution PATH by opening a command window and running the java -version command. The output from the command looks something like this:
 java version "1.4.2_04"
 Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.4.2_04-b05, mixed mode)
 The output you see might be different from what is shown here because the java -version command outputs vendor-specific information. If the command produces an error or the version listed is not 1.4 or higher, install a JDK before continuing.
 2. Verify that the DERBY_HOME environment variable is set and points to the root directory of the Derby??10.4 installation. Open a command window and run the appropriate command for your system. If you installed Derby in the /opt/Derby_10 directory on UNIX or the c:\Derby_10 directory on Windows, the command that you use and the expected output are shown in the following table:
 Operating System Command Output
 UNIX (Korn Shell) echo $DERBY_HOME /opt/Derby_10
 Windows echo %DERBY_HOME% C:\Derby_10
 If you receive an error or do not see the expected output, ensure that you have set the DERBY_HOME environment variable, as described in Setting the environment variables.
Note: You can also use the sysinfo utility to verify that the environment variables are set correctly. If the environment variables are set correctly, the sysinfo command displays information about your Java virtual machine (JVM) and the version of Derby that you have installed.


text:
Definition of extravasate in English:
verb[with object] (usually as adjective extravasated) chiefly Medicine
Let or force out (a fluid, especially blood) from the vessel that contains it into the surrounding area: this established the presence of extravasated blood [no object]: some cells may extravasate and form secondary tumours
More example sentences
- Scattered areas of lymphocytic exocytosis and extravasated red blood cells within the superficial dermis and epidermis were also present.
- Aggressive angiomyxoma has extravasated red blood cells and thick-walled vessels, some of which may be large.
- The infant should be assessed for pallor, petechiae, extravasated blood, excessive bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, and evidence of dehydration.
- Example sentences
- Tumors show a spindle cell neoplasm with prominent extravasation.
- Purpura results from the extravasation of blood from the vasculature into the skin or mucous membranes.
- This pain is a potential warning sign of tissue damage and possible phlebitis or extravasation.
Pronunciation: /ɪkstravəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɛkstravəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/noun
Definition of extravasate in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Optimise concepts to perfectly meet the needs of a moment
There's often a chasm between a good idea and a successful product: SuperClinic, our concept refinement tool, is designed to help you cross it.
Conducted over two days, SuperClinic uses sequential recycling to explore and optimise concepts by incorporating real-time consumer feedback.
We promise to transform concepts that have shown potential into sharpened concepts that meet consumer needs in key moments of opportunity.
Questions that SuperClinic can answer:
- How can I improve rough concepts?
- How can I improve concepts that have been tested and have some potential but do not yet meet action standards?
- Are my concepts relevant to my target audience?


text:
The Shadow Patterns course covers:
The three classes of shadow:
- Split ego states
- How each class of shadow must be worked with differently
- The sequential evolutionary steps to resolving shadow issues
- The best techniques to use for each class of shadow and the specific steps in your healing process
- How using a technique that works well for one class of shadow may actually be harmful in working with another class
Every shadow healing technique is usually adaptive to only one class of shadow. In addition, each technique is generally only sufficient for one or two steps along the path of shadow resolution. That path is:
- Aware of symptoms
- Aware of external triggers
- Aware of one's internal process*
- Conscious conceptualization*
Each step has substeps to it and specific ways that help and /or hinder it. The intersection between classes of shadow issues and the sequential evolutionary pattern will give you a comprehensive map for understanding what to do and when to do it in the process of discovering and resolving your shadow.
The recordings of Shadow Patterns include:
- Video and audio recordings of the five teaching sessions and a Q&A session held at the end of the course
- Transcripts of all sessions in PDF format
The price for the recordings is $349. After your purchase is completed you will receive an email with links to download the recordings to your computer. (We don't recommend downloading to a phone or tablet, as they usually don't have enough storage space.)
You'll find it most helpful if you review the recordings before the Shadow Craft course begins, but you can purchase them at any time during the course.
Privacy Notice: This offer is only for participants in the Shadow Craft course who have NOT taken the Shadow Patterns course so please do not share it. Thanks for your support.
Please contact us at _EMAIL_ if you have questions or need assistance purchasing.


text:
Child malnutrition rates in Bangladesh continue to remain among the highest in the world. This Asian enigma of persistent malnutrition despite growth in the overall economy is often attributed to the low status of women. It is against this backdrop of higher economic growth and stagnating malnutrition rates that this paper examines the role played by women's empowerment and endowments in relation to childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh.
We use data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to examine the relationship between women's status and nutrition in Bangladesh using indicators of empowerment such as mobility, decisionmaking power, and attitudes toward verbal and physical abuse. We also examine the role of variables reflecting maternal education and height, in relation to child nutrition. All models control for age and sex of the child, household wealth, and region. Results from logit models indicate that both a greater degree of women's empowerment and greater maternal endowments are associated with better long-term nutritional status of children. Attitudes toward domestic violence have an effect on child stunting and mobility; participation in decisionmaking is an important influence on dietary diversity. Consistent with previous studies, maternal height and maternal schooling decrease the probability of stunting, and maternal schooling is positively associated with dietary diversity. While these are not immediate measures of empowerment, they are positively associated with child nutritional outcomes and reflect prior investments in women and girls. Our findings merit further research and attention to inform the design and implementation of interventions. Specific research needs that emerge from these analyses relate to types of individual and community interventions that can reduce prevalence of violence and empower women to achieve better health and well-being outcomes, and to policy actions, including legal reform and efforts to build community support for women's empowerment. Additional research needs relate to exploring ways in which investments to improve the nutritional and educational status of girls before they become mothers can be strengthened and sustained.


text:
POWER UP - Female Pop Art
Rediscovering outstanding women Pop artists, POWER UP fulfills Dorothy Iannone's combative promise after fifty years. The show aims at the reinterpretation of an art movement that until today has primarily been associated with male protagonists. Plastic, loud colors, reduced forms, and graphic contours – the nine women artists' works on display resemble those of their male colleagues in many respects. Whereas their works appeal to the taste of the masses, these artists, as pioneers of Feminism, have remained belligerent and critical. They reveal the consumer culture's superficiality, exposing the commodity myth as an empty shell like Christa Dichgans, ironically transforming everyday objects to oversized kitsch objects like Jann Haworth, or exploring mass media clichés and superstar constructions like Rosalyn Drexler. Like Sister Corita, a committed peace activist, they took a clear stand on the sixties' social and political events such as the Vietnam
The exhibition pursues its political perspective in those instances where the era's current notions of what a woman is are revised by different views: Kiki Kogelnik and Marisol describe the corset in which the representation of women by themselves and by others is caught, while Evelyne Axell or Dorothy Iannone provocatively display the nude body, love, and sexuality, and, like Niki de Saint Phalle, attract the viewer's attention with sophisticated modes of self-presentation.


BMJ Case Reports 2012; doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3689
 - Rare disease
Acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia
 1. Catarina Ferreira
 1. Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
 1. Correspondence to Catarina Guimarães, catarina.guimaraes{at}
Acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia (AFOP) was recently described as an unusual pattern of diffuse lung disease. Particular characteristics make the differential diagnosis with the well recognised clinical patterns of diffuse alveolar damage, cryptogenic organising pneumonia or eosinophilic pneumonia. The lack of hyaline membranes, the presence of intra-alveolar fibrin, absence of noticeable eosinophils and patchy distribution suggests that AFOP define a distinct histological pattern. The authors describe the case of a woman diagnosed with AFOP after surgical lung biopsy, in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. The patient presented dyspnoea, fatigue, dry cough and thoracic pain. The CT scan showed bilateral patchy infiltrates predominantly in the lower lobes. Flexible bronchoscopy and subsidiary techniques were inconclusive and biopsy through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery led to anatomopathological diagnosis of AFOP. The patient is having a good clinical response to prednisone.
 - Competing interests None.
 - Patient consent Obtained.
Register for free content
Navigate This Article


Language Matters: Geography Matters, Too
Have you ever thought about how languages were formed, and why certain languages contain some sounds while other languages leave those sounds out completely?
There has never been a distinguishable pattern to language sounds and geography, so scientists assumed it was all random — until now (
There's a type of sound in some languages called an ejective, and it involves creating a burst of air through the lips as part of the sound. English and other European languages don't have this sound, but you can listen to the different types of ejectives on Wikipedia.
The dark spots are the high-altitude places where languages with ejectors originated.
After studying the places where languages with ejectives are spoken, and then looking at the places of origin of those languages, scientists noticed an interesting pattern — languages with ejectives all originated at high altitudes.
The possible reason for this trend involves air pressure. Creating an ejective sound requires effort to push the air through the mouth forcefully, and at higher altitudes the lower air pressure makes these sounds easier to create.
Do you speak a language that uses ejectives? Are there other ways that you can think of that geography might influence the development of language?
Leave a Reply


text:
- Futurity.org - _URL_ -
On sale! But does inexpensive mean cheap?
Posted By Amy Wolf-Vanderbilt On November 27, 2012 @ 10:32 am In Society & Culture | No Comments
VANDERBILT (US) — The holidays usher in the biggest shopping season of the year, but sellers need to beware: sale prices can mean different things to different consumers.
New research shows that consumers often make inferences to fill in gaps in knowledge when they don't have complete information regarding products. To some, price denotes quality. For others, a low price means a good value.
New research by Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management professor Steve Posavac and his co-authors finds that in some consumers' minds, price denotes quality. For others, low price leads a consumer to believe he or she is getting a good value.
"The bottom line of our research is that people can hold two opposing beliefs about a product. In the case of price, most people simultaneously believe that low prices mean good value and that low prices mean low quality. But these two beliefs are not equally present in consumers' minds all the time," says Steve Posavac, professor in marketing at Vanderbilt University.
Published in a forthcoming Journal of Consumer Research, the study finds that consumers use a series of theories when considering value and price. And how they size up a possible purchase depends on what's on their mind when they're thinking about a given product.
"Consumers rarely have complete information and use various strategies to fill the gaps in their knowledge as they consider and choose products. One of these strategies involves using naive theories: informal, common sense, explanations that consumers use to make sense of their environment," write Posavac and his co-authors Hélène Deval, Susan P. Mantel, and Frank R. Kardes.
For example, consumers may believe that popular products that are well advertised are high in quality while also believing that scarce or rarely heard of products are high in quality.
Price vs. quality
The researchers conducted eight experiments that tested marketing techniques that leaned toward price or quality. In one experiment, consumers were shown an ad for a bottle of wine with either a high or low price. When subtly reminded of quality, consumers evaluated the expensive wine more favorably than the cheap wine. However, when subtly reminded of value, they rated the cheap wine more favorably.
When marketing backfires
Sales promotions succeed when consumers perceive that they are getting a good deal, but they can also backfire if consumers perceive that lower prices indicate poor quality. Posavac uses department store J.C. Penney as an example.
"A company may implement an everyday low-pricing strategy that manages to reduce brand value and alienate consumers if many of them believe that low prices equal low quality. Over the years, J.C. Penney customers had become so used to sales that they no longer believed they were getting a good deal," says Posavac.
Because consumers use multiple "naïve theories" when analyzing a product, a company's subtle marketing tactics toward price or quality may attract one consumer while easily turning another consumer off.
"[Companies] design a strategy by assuming that a certain naive theory is going to drive consumer evaluation and choice when, in fact, several naive theories are available to the consumer," the authors conclude.
Source: Vanderbilt University
Article printed from Futurity.org: _URL_
URL to article: _URL_
URLs in this post:
 Read the original study: _URL_
 Vanderbilt University: _URL_
Copyright © 2009 Futurity.org. All rights reserved.


text: Dr. King discusses "The Future of Integration." King opens with background history of three distinct periods of race relations. The first period extends from 1619 to 1862, the era of slavery. The next period extends from 1863 to 1954 when blacks were emancipated, but still segregated. The third period started on May 17, 1954 when segregation was deemed unconstitutional and integration commenced. Furthermore, Dr. King explains the changes that occurred as a result of integration and how it will affect blacks and whites in the future.


fluid. High amounts of carbon indicate thermal degradation of the fluid and a probable coking/sludge problem on the heat exchanger/heater surfaces or fluid oxidation. Coke and sludge can adversely affect a system's heat transfer efficiency by heat transfer surface fouling. An insolubles level of 50mg solids /100ml fluids can sometimes indicate problems.
High and Low Boilers
High and low boilers are formed when heat transfer fluids are heated to a high temperature and certain molecular bonds begin to break or thermally degrade. Some of the new materials that form have a lower molecular weight and typically a lower boiling point than the original fluid: These are low boilers. Other compounds resulting from thermal degradation will polymerize into higher molecular weight and higher boiling point molecules than the original fluid: These are high boilers. High and low boilers seen in components may not have the heat transfer efficiency and thermal stability of the original heat transfer fluid molecules. This measure of the charge in chemical composition to determine the presence of high and low boilers can be determined by two tests performed for cross reference. The first is an atmospheric or vacuum distillation; the second is a simulated distillation using gas chromatography (GC). The atmospheric or vacuum distillation test accurately detects high boilers, and in this test, the fluid is completely distilled. By comparison, the GC completes the run at a specific final temperature. GC analysis is extremely accurate detecting low boilers, especially aromatics, up to the initial boiling temperature of the fluid.
This test measures certain fluid flow characteristics per unit time. It can be used as an indicator of thermal degradation since low boilers will tend to reduce viscosity while high boilers will increase it. Viscosity changes also affect the overall heat transfer capabilities of the fluid.
GC Scan
This test gives a signature of the components of heat transfer fluids, degradation products (highlow boilers) and often can detect contamination. This information is cross-referenced with the atmospheric boiling range test to confirm levels of high and low boilers as well as the presence or absence of outside contaminants.
Flashpoint (Cleveland Open Cup)
This test provides a means of determining the fire/flashpoint of a fluid. Low boilers created as a result of thermal degradation will lower of the flashpoint. Outside contaminants may have a similar effect. As such, a low flashpoint serves to indicated the presence of thermal degradation products/outside contaminants.
Putting the tests to use
Preventive maintenance analysis of heat transfer fluids can aid in maintaining high level heat transfer system performance at minimum cost through proper interpretation of the sample data. Some of the common tests serve as primary indicators of fluid condition while others serve to confirm these primary indicators. The primary tests are: Moisture [ASTM D1744 (Karl Fischer)] Percentage of high/low boilers (ASTM D86 or ASTM D1160 and ASTM D2887) Insolubles [ASTM 893 (Modifies)] Each of these tests defines a major area of fluid quality and system performance. The secondary tests – specific gravity, acid number, viscosity and flashpoint – then can be used to confirm the interpretations reached with the data generated by the primary tests. The moisture content, as defined by ASTM D1744 (Karl Fisher), generally is a primary indicator of the integrity of a water/fluid interface. Two examples of this interface would be water-cooled heat exchangers or reactor jackets in which water is a component of the product being processed. Although some moisture from humid air may be drawn into the fluid through improperly blanketed expansion tanks in liquid-phase systems or during the cooling phase of sample collection, moisture levels in excess of 500 ppm (0.05%) or the presence of free water in a sample generally indicate a failure at a water/fluid interface. Initially, such failures usually are not dramatic. Generally, the leak is of the "pinhole" variety, and in fact, depending on the type of fluid in use, system pressures may not be noticeably affected at the onset. Sample frequency should be increased to confirm and monitor the situation, and plans should be made to examine or repair the appropriate heat exchange surface at the next scheduled shutdown. Should moisture levels in subsequent samples increase, or the system begin to excessively pressurize, more immediate action may be required. High/low boiler content as defined by ASTM D86 or ASTM D1160 and ASTM D2887 serve as an indicator of heat transfer fluid thermal degradation or outside contamination. ASTM D86 and D1160 are initialand final-boiling point determination distillations. ASTM D1160, a vacuum distillation, is used when the boiling points are too elevated to make atmospheric distillation practical (d86) or the product being tested thermally degrades at its atmospheric boiling point/range. ASTM D2887 is a gas chromatography-simulated distillation, which also defines the initial and final boiling points of products being tested. In each case, once the initial and final boiling points of virgin products are known, used fluid may be tested to determine if high/low boilers are present. Heat transfer fluids gradually degrade during normal use with the rate of thermal degradation increasing as the fluid approaches the high end of its bulk fluid operating temperature. Experience indicates that under normal conditions, most fluids with 5% low boilers or 10% high boiler levels call for reprocessing or replacement to maintain heat transfer capabilities. In the case of a dramatic increase in high or low boiler levels from the previous sample, and with the fluid still operating within its maximum bulk operating temperatures, either outside contamination, heater malfunction or decreased fluid flow rate may be assumed to be the cause. The presence of other outside contaminants can be determined by an examination of the ASTM D2887 GC trace of the sample and a comparison of that with the virgin product trace. One caution: With petroleum-based fluids, the contaminant, depending on molecular weight, may sometimes be masked within the characteristic bell-shaped petroleum CG trace. However, the contaminant usually will thermally degrade, and its components may be seen as high or low boilers. In either case, the product being processed by the system should be the first candidate as the outside contaminant. If the identity of the contaminant is confirmed to be product under process, a leaking product/heat transfer fluid interface should be suspected. The solution is similar to that of high moisture: Increase sample frequency to monitor the situation while making provision for repair. In some cases, the nature of the contaminant or the size of the leak may require immediate action. A rapid increase in high/low boiler also may be indicative of heater malfunction. Either flame impingement on a tube and/or excessive tube carboning can cause abnormally high film temperatures, resulting in increased thermal degradation. A low fluid flow rate due to circulation pump wear or a restriction to flow in the system may contribute to the problem, especially in systems operating at maximum bulk fluid/film temperature. Again, increased sampling is warranted, the process pump flow rate and heater should be checked and provision made for heater tube wall examination during the next scheduled shutdown. Insolubles, as defined by ASTM D893 (modified) primarily measures pipe slag, metal fines, hard carbon and other inorganic contaminants. Insoluble solids measurements in excess of 50mg solids/100ml fluids, and especially in excess of 250mg solids/100ml fluids of particles above 10pm, call for installation of slip-stream filtration in the system where a modest pressure drop is available to filter a low flow slip stream (less than 1% of the main flow rate). This will minimize wear on mechanical components such as pumps and valves. The presence of metal fines may indicate process pump, mechanical seal, or valve wear. Pipe slag, bits of welding beads, sand, etc. are commonly found in new systems after systems after startup or in older systems that have not been filtered. The presence of hard carbon may confirm heater tube fouling, degraded process material for contamination and often, insoluble fluid oxidation products. Of note, the presence of hard carbon also may indicate heat exchange surface fouling that will decrease production capabilities. A simple ashing test or solvent-washing and vacuum-drying solids collected from the system will determine if the solids are inorganic (mill scale, sand, etc.) or organic (fluid oxidation products or carbon from over heating) in origin. High ash content indicates the solids are inorganic in nature while a low ash content indicates the origin of the solids was from an organic material. These changes in solids content may lead to heat exchange surface fouling and result in increases in production times of only a few seconds per day. However, over the course of years, a significant reduction of production capability may occur almost unnoticed. As a result, if excessive hard carbon is present, heat exchange surfaces should be checked periodically to determine if fouling and its resultant production loss is present. Preventive maintenance analysis of high temperature heat transfer fluids greatly reduces the unpredictability of heat transfer system performance. Proper interpretation of the data allows early identification of potential system problems. Planned maintenance based on the used fluid analysis reduces unscheduled system downtime caused by system upsets. In addition to these cost reductions, fluid costs are reduced since fluid changeouts or reprocessing can occur on a scheduled basis, maximizing fluid life and heat transfer capabilities.
Cost Effective Alternatives to Changing Thermal System Fluid
By Michael R. Damiani, Radco Industries Inc. During normal operation, heat transfer fluids can degrade due to thermal stress or oxidation. Fluids can also become contaminated through heat exchanger leaks. Often, degradation and contamination lead to a significant decrease in heat transfer fluid efficiency, increasing production time and costs. In many cases a full fluid change-out may be required to restore system performance, but many times these other cost-effective alternatives listed below can extend fluid life and maximize system performance: Fluid Reprocessing. Degraded or contaminated fluid