text:
Feb. 4, 2013 Newspapers are filled with stories describing reductions and removal of street lighting in order to reduce municipal costs. Tackling the tricky questions of when and where to install roadway illumination is a challenge for transportation agencies. Estimating nighttime crash reductions from roadway lighting is difficult in part because lighting tends to be installed along with other improvements like traffic signals or channelization, which makes it hard to isolate the benefits of lighting. Still, many believe that roadway lighting can improve visibility at night and that these improvements can provide drivers with increased time to respond to potential hazards. Previous efforts to relate visibility from roadway lighting to nighttime driving safety have been hampered by limited available data and by lack of consideration of vehicle headlights.
Working to overcome these limitations, Lighting Research Center (LRC) director and professor Mark Rea and senior research scientist John Bullough, collaborating with Eric Donnell, associate professor at Penn State and faculty researcher at the university's Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, have recently published a paper in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention describing a unique parallel approach to lighting safety analysis.
The team used lighting and crash data for state highway intersections in Minnesota to develop quantitative models relating nighttime driving safety to the presence of lighting at these intersections. Importantly, these models also included the effects of features like signals, medians and other intersection design and operational features in order to segregate the effects of lighting from these other aspects. Further, different statistical approaches yielded similar results, bolstering their reliability. Data for the statistical analyses were provided by the Minnesota Department of Transportation through the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Information System.
In parallel, LRC researchers modeled prototypical roadway intersections with and without lighting, based on roadway lighting practices in Minnesota, and including the effects of vehicle headlights. Using a model of visual performance developed by Rea while at the National Research Council of Canada, they were able to estimate drivers' ability to detect potential hazards quickly and accurately under each lighting scenario compared to when no roadway lighting was present.
In both research efforts, Rea, Bullough and Donnell investigated rural and urban intersections with and without traffic signals. For example, the statistical models showed that roadway lighting at rural intersections tended to have small effects on nighttime driving safety. The team's visibility analyses suggested that rural intersection lighting provided relatively little benefit in terms of visual performance, because most rural intersections are illuminated by one or two poles located at the junction, but the high traffic speeds on most rural highways require drivers to see hazards when those hazards might still be hundreds of feet from the junction. Most importantly, the statistical safety improvements associated with lighting were strongly correlated with the visibility improvements for all intersection types evaluated.
"While the finding that safety benefits from roadway lighting are highly related to the visibility improvements lighting provides is not novel nor unexpected, evidence for this direct link has been scarce in the literature," said Rea. "Our models provide a tool that transportation agencies can begin using now to not only allocate lighting more efficiently, but to design lighting more effectively." As new practices such as solid-state lighting, adaptive roadway and vehicle lighting, and benefit-cost analysis continue to emerge, tools like those described by Rea, Donnell and Bullough will help agencies specify and shape lighting that minimizes energy use and environmental impact while maximizing the use of limited public resources.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- John D. Bullough, Eric T. Donnell, Mark S. Rea. To illuminate or not to illuminate: Roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013; 53: 65 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.029
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
Alameda Point was created by filling in the Bay on the western side of Alameda. The landscape in the former airfield - over 700 acres - is mostly volunteer vegetation - grasses and ice plant - that became established between the runways and taxiways during 50 years as a naval base. Two wetland areas - Runway Wetland and West Beach Wetland - have established wetland vegetation. The West Beach Wetland is permanently connected to San Francisco Bay via a metal culvert.
The built portion of Alameda Point features landscaped residential areas, recreational areas, and public spaces - all with mature trees that are reminders of the emphasis on an aesthetically pleasing design in early planning of the naval base.
Water is perhaps the most obvious feature of the Alameda Point landscape, with unique assets such as the Seaplane Lagoon, and the Inner Harbor with its mile-and-a-quarter-long wall of boulders known as the breakwater.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What Are The Reasons Behind Pain In Left Arm
The reasons behind pain in the left arm are many ; starting from sprained muscles (as a result of excessive workouts, pressure or stretching of the arm muscles ) , pinched neck nerves (many times pain in the neck or a pinched nerve there can lead to pain in the upper left arm), bicipital tendonitis (which is caused because of tearing of a tendon near the shoulder and is very painful), heart problems (many times the first symptom of a heart problem is pain in the left arm ), angina, arthritis and poor posture (this can lead to muscular tension) etc.
When discussing reasons behind pain in the left arm, the first thing that comes to a persons mind is heart problems. As most of the other pain causing problems like poor blood circulation to the left arm, muscular strain or torn tendons etc are common for both the left as well as the right arm, but in case of heart and coronary ailments its only the left arm which tingles and causes pain. Although a serious indication towards myocardial infarction, the reasons behind pain in the left arm are mostly sprain, strain, neck nerve pinching, poor supply of blood to the arm of over stretched muscles of the arm.
One of the many reasons behind pain in the left arm is poor supply of blood to the arm. The main reason behind it is excessive muscular tension in several muscular areas like scalene muscles. The blood vessels that branch into the arm have to first pass through these areas via a particular artery known as the subclavian artery. Poor circulation of blood in the left arm can also be caused because of wrong positioning of wrong alignment of the shoulder as that puts stress on the blood vessels and thus prevents appropriate blood supply to the arm. It is one of the most common reasons behind pain in the left arm. And can be cured with the help of a chiropractor ( a person who helps cure biomechanical problems inside ones body). A pinched neck nerve is also a serious factor among reasons behind pain in the left arm as if it is not treated for some time, it can cause a long lasting damage.
Other reasons behind pain in the left arm are tendonitis, angina, migraine ( a severe kind of headache accompanied with a feeling of nausea),. fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome, mini stroke (transient ischemic attack), Reynaud's disease ( a peculiar disease in which blood vessels responsible for circulation in the left arm get constricted and cause ones finger to turn white and numb because of lack of blood, Cervical nerve herniation (that can cause pain and numbness in the left arm) and carpel tunnel syndrome.
 1. Tendonitis
 2. Migraine (hemiplegic migraine)
 3. Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack (mini-stroke)
 4. Reynaud's disease causes constriction of the blood vessels and usually your fingers get numb, turn whitish in color.
 5. Angina
Repetitive Strain Injury, Carpal Tunnel SyndromeUsing a mouse or keyboard, or other tools, in the same position for an extended period of time can be harmful. Google ergonomics or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Cervical Disc Herniation
Cervical Disc Herniation can cause tingling, arm numbness and pain. It might be helpful to see a Neurosurgeon. They may run MRI's, Myelograms etc.
There could be some reason for poor blood circulation to the arm / hand. This is very commonly caused by too much muscle tension in the scalene muscles or the pec minor muscles. The blood vessels that supply the arm/hand have to pass through these areas, via the subclavian artery, to branch off into the arm. It could also be due to a misalignment of the shoulder. If a shoulder is misaligned in external rotation, it can put a stretch on the blood vessels that pass through that area to supply the arm/hand. In any case, a chiropractor is the professional to seek to correct any biomechanical problems within the body. Chiropractic adjustments can also have a valuable effect on the autonomic system, which affects the cardiovascular system. Apart from Chiropractor adjustments, one can even go for massage to ease the pain the left arm.
Top Comments
pain in left arm
by arun kumar 18-Mar-2012
I feel cold in left arm and knee like it gets frozen i feel like putting double blanket sometimes pain and tingling i dont have pain in the neck i dont know what is the cause
by parmesh 31-Mar-2012
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text:
Determinants of patient satisfaction in outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy: a systematic, qualitative meta-summary, and meta-synthesis
- Additional Document Info
- View All
Purpose: To identify and synthesise patient-identified factors that influence satisfaction with outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy (O-MSK).Methods: A systematic, qualitative meta-summary and meta-synthesis was conducted by accessing six electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library, from inception to March 2017. Additional studies were identified by using a "berry-picking" method. Search limits were: primary studies; English language; and involving human subjects. Qualitative peer-reviewed articles describing patient satisfaction in O-MSK were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers critically appraised eligible studies independently using the critical appraisal of skills programme tool for qualitative studies. Extracted verbatim data of included studies were synthesised using the meta-summary and meta-synthesis by using a purpose-designed form.Results: Eleven studies were included in the article. Factors influencing patient satisfaction were grouped into six broad themes: 1) clinical outcomes; 2) physiotherapist features; 3) patient features; 4) physiotherapist-patient relationship; 5) treatment features, and 6) healthcare setting features.Conclusions: These findings suggest that patient satisfaction in O-MSK is a multidimensional construct influenced by individual patient/provider, clinical, and contextual factors. Future reviews should include a synthesis of findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies to establish a fully comprehensive understanding of this complex health phenomenon.Implications for rehabilitationPatient satisfaction in outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy is affected by different factors, thus reflecting a multidimensional construct;Single determinants are not sufficient to affect patient satisfaction;Patient satisfaction is influenced individual patient/provider, clinical outcomes, and contextual factors;Further studies should be designed to investigate the relationships among these factors.
has subject area


Benoit Boure
Benoit Boure
Understanding the DynamoDB Sort Key Order
Learn what the UTF-8 order is and how to use it to your advantage
Understanding the DynamoDB Sort Key Order
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If you have been working with DynamoDB, you are probably quite familiar with the notion of Partition Keys and Sort Keys (aka PK and SK). You also know that Sort Keys are... well, sorted in ascending order by default. If your SK is of type Number the items will be sorted in numeric order (1, 3, 10, 50, 400), while if it's of type String they are sorted in "order of UTF-8 bytes". But what does that even mean and how does it affect the order of the items? Let's find out.
What is is
As per Wikipedia,
UTF-8 is a variable-width character encoding used for electronic communication [...] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units.
What it means is that each and every character is assigned a specific byte, or code point, which have a numerical value.
It's that numerical value that DynamoDB uses to determine the order of your Sort Key.
If you want to know what character comes after which, a good start is to remember the order of the most common characters:
 1. numbers
 2. uppercase letters
 3. lowercase letters
Notice that letters are "grouped" by case (first the capital letters, and after that lowercase), which means that Zoey will come before alligator. This is really important to know if you want to avoid surprises later.
For a complete list of UTF-8 characters, including special ones, sorted by their bytes order, refer to this page.
How to use it to your advantage
Once you know how strings are being sorted, you can use that knowledge to your advantage. A very common practice with DynamoDB and single table design is to pre-join data by placing them into the same partition.
Depending on your access pattern, you might either want your parent item to be at the beginning, or at the end of the partition.
For example, if you have Orders (SK prefixed with ORDER#) and Order Items (SK prefixed with ITEM#), you will perhaps want the ORDER# item at the beginning of the partition, and the ITEM# items sorted by number, in ascending order after it. However, O comes after I, which means that ORDER# will be placed at the end of the partition.
You could scan the index backwards, sure, but then your items would be sorted in reversed order, breaking the access pattern.
How to fix that?
Use the UTF-8 sorting mechanism to your advantage! You need ORDER# to start with a character that comes before I to make sure it comes before ITEMS#. For that, you can use any character that comes before I. Any letter from A to H would work, but it might not be user friendly (for debugging and inspecting the data later) and could change the meaning of your prefix. Instead, it is usually most common to use special characters that come before A: for example #, $ or %. Let's use $ and rename ORDER# to $ORDER#.
Now the Order item is at the top of the partition and all items are sorted as expected. 🎉
Note that you can use the same trick in order to sort items in reversed order if necessary.
In the above example, you might want to scan the index in reverse order and get the latest vouchers at the top, in descending order. You can force the USER# item to be at the end of the partition by prefixing it with a character that is higher in the UTF-8 ranking. | or ~ are good examples.
Now, ~USER# is at the end of the partition and you can scan the index backwards.
In this article, you learned what is the UTF-8 bytes order, and how you can use it to your advantage in order to force the order of items in your DynamoDB partitions.
If you would like to read more content like this, follow me on Twitter and subscribe to my newsletter on Hashnode.
Photo credits: Markus Spiske on unsplash
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text:
5 Amazing Uses Of Egg Shells That You Have Never Thought Of
For example, its shell that is regularly thrown away can be used in at least five ways.
- Natural pesticide
Crumble the egg shell eggs and pour it in a circle around the flower which is persistently attacked by small insects. The smell of the egg will expel all unwanted guests from the yard.
Crumble the egg shell well (it is best to put them in a kitchen towel and hit with a meat hammer) and then mix it with apple cider vinegar. Use this means to remove desalination and vessel from the sinks in your home.
- Kitchen aid
When you do not have molds, butyou want to make some interesting cookies, make a small hole in the shell of the egg and drain its inside content without breaking it. Wash the shells with lukewarm water and then use them as molds.
- The cheapest plumber
Crumble several shells and put them in drains around the home. Then let the tap run strong. Under running water, the shell will go through the pipes and it will take all dirt and grease with itself.
- An anti-itching remedy
Leave egg shells in a glass jar full of apple cider vinegar for 2 days. For the time, the shell will soften and you will get a homogeneous mixture that can be applied in case of irritated skin or insect bites.


The Correct spelling is: majesty
Common misspellings of the word majesty are:
How do you spell majesty?. It is not
 - n., pl. -ties.
 1. The greatness and dignity of a sovereign.
 2. The sovereignty and power of God.
 1. Supreme authority or power: the majesty of the law.
 1. A royal personage.
 2. Majesty Used with His, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for a sovereign.
 1. Royal dignity of bearing or aspect; grandeur.
 2. Stately splendor; magnificence, as of style or character: the Parthenon in all its majesty.
 [Middle English mageste, maieste, from Old French majeste, from Latin mÄiestÄs.]
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GSD Definition / GSD Means
The exact definition of GSD is "Getting Stuff Done".
What is GSD?
GSD is "Getting Stuff Done".
The Meaning of GSD
GSD means "Getting Stuff Done".
What does GSD mean?
GSD is an acronym, abbreviation or slang word which means "Getting Stuff Done". This Page is dedicated to all those internet users who are looking for GSD Definition, The Meaning of GSD and What does GSD mean?. You can checkout the information shared above for acronym GSD and other 9000+ slang words shared on Web Acronym.
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The fossil species Insulivitrina ingridae spec. nov. is described from the Canary island of La Gomera. Only a single shell was encountered, which is about 14.5 mm long and has a strophostyl columella. It is compared with shells of Recent vitrinid species from the Macaronesian Islands, and the fossil glass snails from Madeira and Porto Santo. This is the first record of a fossil Insulivitrina species from the Canary Islands.
Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging
C. (Kees) J.P.J. Margry. (2016). Insulivitrina ingridae spec. nov., a fossil vitrinid from the Canary Island of La Gomera (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Basteria, 80(1/3), 127–132.


Created: 21. december 2014
Version: 1.1
iTunes Store: MySpending
A simple effort or spending calculator which allows you to precalculate the costs. It can be used to calculate the size of a backup plan or to overview our livelihood.
The app allows you to categorize your spendings. The categories can be exported and imported. The costs can be copied to another category per drag and drop.
 1. Overview of the selected category. All the entries in the category will be sum up. Each entry will be multiplicated with the corresponding interval. An entry which has a daily interval will be multiplicated with 360 for the yearly display. The interval monthly will be multiplicated with 30 and the interval weekly with 56
 2. Listing of all categories. All entries must be assigned to a category. This means that there must exist at least one category
 3. Listing of all entries of the selected category. You can set up the interval for each entry. Either never, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly
 4. With those buttons you can add or remove a category
 5. The selected category can be exported to a file. The category can be imported even between different systems. You can use the buttons to create a backup or to share the data
 6. Those buttons can be used to add or delete an entry from a category
Site overview


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Is it possible to find the distance of a pixel to a rendered sphere, in screen space? All my naive solutions for just using the 2D screen distances are failing because of the warping that occurs during projection.
share|improve this question
See maybe Closest point on an ellipsoid. But I'm not sure that's really what you are looking for. Could you maybe explain what is the purpose of knowing that distance? – Sam Hocevar May 26 '12 at 14:24
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
It's definitely possible, though it doesn't have a clean explicit formula. The projection of a sphere is an ellipse, and given the projection matrix you should be able to find an explicit formula for the ellipse, something of the form ax^2+bxy+cy^2+dx+ey+f=0 (the canonical formula for a conic section); from this you can find a rational parametrization of the ellipse (of the form x=f(t), y=g(t) with f and g rational functions). The problem then comes down to minimizing (f(t)-x_0)^2+(g(t)-y_0)^2 as a function of t, and it turns out that rootfinding methods work pretty well for this - there are exact solutions but they require solving a degree-4 equation, which can involve hairy complex arithmetic and tends to be less numerically stable (and thus less accurate) than the approximate methods anyway.
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Your screen is a plan. Your sphere is an elipse. When the user clicks somewhere on the screen it's easy to find the coordinates on the screen plan. Then you just have to apply basic elipsis equation in order to know if the selected point is inside or outside the elipsis and how far it is.
share|improve this answer
This works if the question is 'is my click point inside the ellipse or not?' but not if the question is 'how far is my click point from the ellipse?' - there the calculation of, say, (x/2)^2+(y/3)^2 doesn't result in a distance value. – Steven Stadnicki May 26 '12 at 16:32
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text:
The will host a baseball celebration to honor the minor league players from the Hudson Valley who helped contribute to the popularity of the national pastime of baseball in the years following World War II. Many of the honorees served in the military fighting in WWII or in the Korean War, which ended their professional baseball careers when they got injured in war or could not find a team when they returned home.
The museum has invited these 80 and 90-year-old men to share their stories and experiences in professional baseball and to educate the public about the sport along the Hudson River and Peekskill's contribution to the game in the 1940s. The event will be held at the Peekskill Museum and other city establishments from Friday, July 20 to Sunday, July 22.
A press release from the museum explains some of the background history:
The Hudson River Valley towns were playing baseball as early as the 1850's and played host to professional baseball as early as 1886 when the existing Hudson River League became affiliated with the minor leagues. This professional league did not last long, but was again active from 1903-7 with teams along the river from Yonkers to Kingston, including Ossining, Peekskill, Newburgh and Poughkeepsie. After some short-lived leagues (Eastern Association, Atlantic, and New York/New Jersey) prior to 1915, minor league baseball was not present in our area until 1946 with the formation of the Class D North Atlantic League. The championship of the league that year was won by the Peekskill Highlanders. Several NAL teams were from Pennsylvania, but other New York teams in the league included the Nyack Rockies, Kingston Dodgers and Newburgh/Walden Hummingbirds. Peekskill was active in the league through 1949 and played in the championship playoff series each year.
In 1947 another minor league, the Class B Colonial League was formed further up the Hudson. Poughkeepsie, Kingston (shifting from the NAL in 1948), and Saugerties fielded teams as did Port Chester and several towns in Connecticut. Interestingly Lou Baselice of Mount Vernon, the owner of the Peekskill Highlanders also owned the Poughkeepsie team and at the end of the season, he would move his best Peekskill players to Poughkeepsie. The Colonial league lasted into 1950, when many minor leagues folded due to the televising of Major League baseball games and poor attendence.
In December, 2011 Peekskill museum baseball historian and collector Bob Mayer began contacting as many of the living players from these local teams as possible. It was difficult to locate the players since the Minor League Database maintained by SABR and BaseballReference.com does not often have up-to-date information on these men, Mayer wrote.
But staying persistent, Mayer was able to locate nearly 40 players or their families, most former Peekskill Highlanders and Poughkeepsie Chiefs.
About a dozen players and some widows and deceased players' sons plan to attend the museum events in July.
Below is Mayer's description of the weekend events:
The Mayor of the City of Peekskill has agreed to have the city take on a supportive role in this project and will assist with transportation, reception, and publicity. The Peekskill Museum (non-profit) will also play a pivotal role.
The plan is to play host to these men and their companions in Peekskill where we will gather for a Welcome at the Peekskill Museum Friday afternoon July 20th. Mayor Foster will be one of our guest speakers. Then we'll have an informal dinner at the Westchester Diner (across the street from the old Peekskill Stadium). The players and their companions will have several options to explore Peekskill and the vicinity on Saturday morning. This could include a water tour, shopping or visiting the Arts Center, etc. This will be followed by an event for the public which will be held at the Cove Restaurant and include: an exhibition of Hudson River baseball memorabilia, a player panel discussion and a guest speaker.
The player panel will be moderated by a professional sports interviewer (John Vorperian of "Beyond the Game") who will get the players talking about their experiences and sharing their many stories. The players will also respond to questions from the public, and there will be time for the attendees to mix with the players and get autographs before we have a dinner/reception for the players and their guests. We are trying to arrange for a baseball celebrity to speak at the dinner.
On Sunday July 22nd the players will have a breakfast at the Inn on the Hudson then attend a Peekskill Tides (Westchester/Rockland College Wood Bat League) baseball game at Peekskill Stadium, where they will be brought to the field, announced and honored by the home team. Our Local Little Leagues will have a chance to meet the players who will also sign autographs at the game.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Para español, seleccione de la lista
Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns
Some description
Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns
Eleventh (acting) governor
March 18, 1875 to January 2, 1877
Oil over photograph, Claribel Jett, ca. 1960
Marcellus L. Stearns was born at Lovell, Me., on April 29, 1839. He left Waterville (now Colby) College in 1861 to join the Union army. During the Civil War, Stearns lost an arm at the Battle of Winchester. He studied law while in the Army and eventually was sent to Quincy, Fla., where he remained after his discharge.
Stearns was a member of both the 1868 constitutional convention and the Florida House of Representatives from 1868 through 1872, serving as speaker of the 1869 session. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1872 and succeeded to the governorship a year and a half later, upon the death of Governor Ossian Hart.
While Stearns was governor, Florida's budget was balanced, and tourists first began to flock to the state. In 1877, Stearns was appointed U.S. commissioner at Hot Springs, Ark., serving until 1880. He died in Palatine Bridge, N.Y., on December 8, 1891.


text:
This beginner's guide explains the steps to change slide background color in LibreOffice Impress.
Although, changing the background color of a single slide or all slide is pretty straight forward still for beginner's it worthwhile to create an article.
How to Change Slide Background Color
- To change the slide background color in LibreOffice impress for a single slide, select a slide.
- Then from menu,
Click Slide --> Properties
- In the Slide setup dialog, go to Background Tab, click on the Color button. Choose the color of your choice and click ok.
- The color will be applied to the currently selected slide.
- To apply to the entire presentation i.e. all the slides, follow the next steps.
- To apply a background color to all slides, you have to change the Master Slide or we call it Slide Master.
- Slide Master contains your presentation's primary style slides. Whenever you make a change in Slide Master, it gets applied to all the slides in your presentation.
- Select any slide and in the right sidebar, click properties.
- Under Slide, click Master View.
- Now you can change the background color in the master view and Click Close Master View.
- The color will be applied to all the slides in your presentation.
- To remove the color from the background, click on the Slide Properties to pull up slide Setup dialog. In the Slide setup dialog, click on the NONE button and press OK. This will remove the color.
- Apart from color, you can also have the option to change slide background with Gradient, Any Image, Patterns, and Hatch.


text:
Published on Brock University (_URL_)
A Brock prof's research into how the government of Ontario dealt with the regulation of alcohol and public drinking in the province in the post-prohibition 20s and 30s raises some interesting questions about our society's attitudes towards to alcohol.
"We have this incredibly conflicted relationship with alcohol," says Dan Malleck, associate professor of Community Health Sciences and author of Try to Control Yourself: The Regulation of Public Drinking in Post-Prohibition Ontario, _PHONE_.
"From the end of prohibition in Ontario until the Second World War, liquor laws in the province changed significantly," says Malleck. "And with the creation of the LCBO in 1927, the government tried to foster a system that worked in the complex political and social culture of the time."
The whole idea of allowing drinking in a province where a lot of people still thought it should be illegal because it was immoral and destructive to society had to be weighed against the fact that prohibition simply did not work.


text: In this case both have the same meaning, ''Follow'' may be used in several situations, for instance: -Following the rules. -Following the rythm. Following someone's twitter. On the other hand, ''Keep up'' it's like not falling behind, staying updated, or following the rate of stadistics, facts, numbers, etc. Also there is an expression that makes use of ''keep up'', it is ''keep it up'' that means like you are doing great or you have accomplished a goal, it could be defined as an expression of congratulations.


results, depends on both how Elasticsearch returns the matches, unless you specified sorting.
Snippet extraction
Snippet extraction is used to extract highlighted snippets of text that match the query. The snippets are accessed through the dedicated predicate :snippets. It binds a blank node, which in turn provides the actual snippets via the predicates :snippetField and :snippetText. The predicate :snippets must be attached to the entity, as each entity has a different set of snippets. For example, in a search for Cabernet:
?entity?snippetField?snippetText
:Yoyowine grape Cabernet Sauvignon
:Franvino grape Cabernet Franc
Note that the actual snippets might be somewhat different as this depends on the specific Elasticsearch implementation.
Total hits
As there are three wines made in 2012, the value 3 (of type xdd:long) is bound to?totalHits.
Creation parameters
The creation parameters define how a connector instance is created by the :createConnector predicate. Some parameters are required and some - optional. All parameters are provided together in a JSON object, where the parameter names are the object keys. Parameter values may be simple JSON values such as a string or a boolean, or they can be lists or objects.
Compulsory parameters
Elasticsearch instance to sync to: elasticsearchNode (string)
Since Elasticsearch is a third-party service, you have to specify the node on which it is running. The format of the node value is of the form hostname.domain:port. There is no default value.
Types of entities to sync: types (list of URI)
What exactly to sync: fields (list of field object)
The fields define exactly what parts of each entity will be synchronised as well as the specific details on the connector side. The field is the smallest synchronisation unit and it maps a property chain from GraphDB to a field in Elasticsearch. The fields are specified as a list of field objects. At least one field object must be provided. Each field object has further keys that specify details.
Name of the field: fieldName (string)
The name of the field defines the mapping on the connector side. It is specified by the key fieldName with a string value. The field name is used at query time to refer to the field. There are few restrictions on the allowed characters in a field name but to avoid unnecessary escaping (which depends on how Elasticsearch parses its queries) we recommend to keep the field names simple.
Property chain to map: propertyChain (list of URI)
The default value: defaultValue (string)
Indexing the field: index (boolean)
Synchronising for faceting: facet (boolean)
Synchronising for sorting: sort (boolean)
Skipping the analyser: syncAsIs (boolean)
When literal fields are indexed in Elasticsearch, they will be analysed according to the analyser settings. Should you require that a given field is not analysed, you may use syncAsIs. False by default.
Optional parameters
Literals in what language: languages (list of string)
RDF data is often multilingual but you may want to map only some of the languages represented in the literal values. This can be done by specifying a list of language codes.
Entity filtering: entityFilter (string)
The entityFilter parameter is used to fine-tune the set of entities and/or individual values for the configured fields, based on the field value. Entities and field values will be synchronised to Elasticsearch if, and only if, they pass the filter. The entity filter is similar to a FILTER() inside a SPARQL query but not exactly the same. Each configured field can be referred to in the entity filter by prefixing it with a "?", much like referring to a variable in SPARQL. Several operators are supported:
Operator Meaning Example
?var in (value1, value2,...) Tests if the field var's value is one of the specified values. Values that do not match will be treated as if they were not present in the repository.?status in ("active", "new")
?var not in (value1, value2,...) The negated version of the in-operator.?status not in ("archived")
bound(?var) Tests if the field var has a valid value. This can be used to make the field compulsory. bound(?name)
expr1 || expr2 Logical disjunction of expressions expr1 and expr2. bound(?name) || bound(?company)
expr1 && expr2 Logical conjunction of expressions expr1 and expr2. bound(?status) &&?status in ("active", "new")
!expr Logical negation of expression expr.!bound(?company)
( expr ) Grouping of expressions (bound(?name) || bound(?company)) && bound(?address)
The atomic operators in, not in and bound accept either an operand that is a field name variable as in the examples above, or a special construction composed of a field name variable followed by a URI. The URI will be used as a property of the particular field value bound to the field name variable, fetched from GraphDB and then its value will be used to evaluate the entity filter expression. It can be illustrated with this SPARQL snippet:
Instead of the values of?fieldName, the values of?evaluatedValue is used.
In addition to full URIs within < >, the filters support the shorthand form type, which stands for .
Entity filters can be combined with default values in order to get a more flexible behaviour.
A typical use-case of an entity filter is having soft deletes, i.e. instead of deleting an entity, it is marked as deleted by the presence of a specific value for a given property.
Basic entity filter example
For example, if we create a connector like this:
and then insert some entities:
We could create the following index to specify a default value for city:
The default value will be used for entity:b as it has no value for city in the repository. As the value is "London", the entity will be synchronised.
Advanced entity filter example
Sometimes data represented in RDF is not well suited to map directly to non-RDF. For example, if we have news articles and they can be tagged with different concepts (locations, persons, events, etc.), one possible way to model this is a single property :taggedWith. Consider the following RDF data:
Now, if we want to map this data to Elasticsearch in such a way that the property :taggedWith x is mapped to separate fields taggedWithPerson and taggedWithLocation according to the type of x (we are not interested in events), we can map :taggedWith twice to different fields and then use an entity filter to get the desired values:
Note: type is the short way to write .
The six articles in the RDF data above will be mapped as such:
Article URI Entity mapped? Value in taggedWithPerson Value in taggedWithLocation Explanation
:Article1 yes :Einstein :Berlin :taggedWith has the values :Einstein, :Berlin and :Cannes-FF. The filter leaves only the correct values in the respective fields. The value :Cannes-FF is ignored as it does not match the filter.
:Article2 yes :Berlin :taggedWith has the value :Berlin. After the filter is applied, only taggedWithLocation is populated.
:Article3 yes :Mozart :taggedWith has the value :Mozart. After the filter is applied, only taggedWithPerson is populated
:Article4 yes :Mozart :Berlin :taggedWith has the values :Berlin and :Mozart. The filter leaves only the correct values in the respective fields.
:Article5 yes :taggedWith has no values. The filter is not relevant.
:Article6 yes :taggedWith has the value :Cannes-FF. The filter removes it as it does not match.
This can be checked by issuing a faceted search for taggedWithLocation and taggedWithPerson:
If the filter was applied, you should get only :Berlin for taggedWithLocation and only :Einstein and :Mozart for taggedWithPerson:
?facetName?facetValue?facetCount
taggedWithLocation _URL_ 3
taggedWithPerson _URL_ 2
taggedWithPerson _URL_ 1
Overview of connector predicates
The following diagram shows a summary of all predicates that can administer (create, drop, check status) connector instances or issue queries and retrieve results. It can be used as a quick reference of what a particular predicate needs to be attached to. For example, to retrieve entities you need to use :entities on a search instance and to retrieve snippets you need to use :snippets on an entity. Variables that are bound as a result of query are shown in green, blank helper nodes are shown in blue, literals in red, and URIs in orange. The predicates are represented by labelled arrows.
Order of control
Even though SPARQL per se is not sensitive to the order of triple patterns, the connectors expect to receive certain predicates before others so that queries can be executed properly. In particular, predicates that specify the query or query options need to come before any predicates that fetch results.
The diagram in Overview of connector predicates provides a quick overview of the predicates.
Using a connector with a GraphDB cluster
The Elasticsearch connector in this release is beta


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This audit was carried out in the context of Languages Connect, Ireland's Strategy for Foreign Languages in Education 2017-2026 and Implementation Plan 2017-2022. The audit sought to identify the range of languages schools offer, the languages schools wish to offer, and the range of language teachers employed in schools. It was also intended to identify teachers who are qualified to teach a foreign language but who may not currently have the opportunity to teach that language in their schools, with a view to providing opportunities and incentives for these teachers to upskill by means of CPD or post-graduate courses. Finally, it sought to identify locations where there is a level of interest and demand for mother tongue support to inform further provision. The results of the audit will be used to inform future actions which will be taken as part of the foreign languages strategy. Data is presented on the breakdown of languages taken throughout the different stages of school, including in junior cycle, transition year, and Leaving Certificate. This data highlights the dominance of French, and the various factors that influence how many languages a school is likely to offer. Data is presented on foreign language teachers in schools and spare capacity, or lack thereof, and the demand for upskilling. The languages that schools would like to be able to offer is also presented. The languages spoken in schools in addition to English and Irish are presented, as well as data on the provision of non-curricular languages as part of the Leaving Certificate, and support classes for these languages.
Click here to access


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Scientists have long known of dissimilarities in anatomy and activity between the brains of women and men—now a rodent study shows that even individual neurons behave differently depending on sex.
Robert Clark of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and his colleagues found that cultured neurons from female rats and mice survived longer than did neurons from their male counterparts when facing starvation. Such sex differences had been evident for decades in other body tissues, but so far no one had looked at brain cells, Clark says. When he and his team deprived the cells of nutrients, female neurons consumed mainly fat resources to stay alive, whereas large amounts of male cells started to eat up their own protein-based building blocks—and subsequently died.
The findings suggest that tailoring nutrition to a patient's gender during critical care—for example, after illnesses that temporarily cut off the brain's nutrient supply, such as stroke—might help prevent brain cell death, Clark posits. Men's neurons might fare better on a high-protein diet, for instance, whereas high fat content would probably nourish women's brain cells best, he adds.
Self-cannibalism makes sense for body tissues other than the brain, but why male neurons engaged in it to such a large extent is a mystery, Clark says. "You can understand why during famine, you would want to break down muscle to preserve the rest of your body, but it's harder to understand why you would want to break down proteins within your brain."
Note: This article was originally printed with the title, "Neuron Cannibalism."
This article was originally published with the title Neuron Cannibalism.


Microgreens (*micro greens) are a tiny form of edible greens produced from the seeds of vegetables, herbs or other plants. They range in size from one to two inches long, including the stem and leaves. Microgreens can have surprisingly intense flavors considering their small size, though not as strong as mature greens and herbs.
A microgreen consists of a central stem having two fully developed cotyledon leaves, and usually one pair of the plant's true leaves. Differences in the size and leaf configuration are based upon the specific plant variety. For example, Micro Borage is a very large microgreen. At 1" in height, it has a pair of very large cotyledon leaves and no true leaves. By comparison, Micro Mint has extremely tiny cotyledon leaves and will have 3-4 sets of true leaves at about 1" in height. More typical in size and leaf configuration for microgreens is Micro Basil at about 1-1 1/2" in height, having the cotyledon leaves and one set of small true leaves.
Keep in mind that microgreens are not the same as sprouts. There are important differences especially in the way they are produced. For example, sprouts are gown in water, in very low light conditions and are consumed as a tangled mass of roots, stems and underdeveloped leaf buds. Microgreens have much more developed flavors, colors and textures than sprouts.
Compare Selected


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Abstract: Incorporating energy awareness in identifying the routes in MANET is one of the mandatory mechanisms to be incorporated in any routing protocol. This helps reduce selfishness in node and hence prolongs the network's lifetime. This paper presents a metaheuristic based routing scheme for MANET that identifies next hop nodes not only based on their distance, but also on the residue charge left in them. This approach uses a modified Ant Colony Optimization technique with threshold limits for exploration and exploitation levels. These limits are set such that the exploration is given more importance, in-order to maintain the randomness and avoid repetitive usage of the same node. Experiments reveal that this approach exhibits low computational complexity and provides sufficient randomness for the node selection mechanism.
Keywords: MANET; Routing; ACO; CDF; Energy efficiency; Altruism; Selfishness.


text:
Differentiating The Information Commodity
One of the core components of creating a unique user experience is making it clear to the end user or customer that a product or service is differentiated from competitors so that it compels the individual to seek out this different experience. At DBL we've discussed the importance of identifying ways to differentiate the library. From the end-user perspective, what is it about the library that makes it different and unique from all other potential sources of information – especially the ones that are more convenient to use.
One of the challenges librarians face is that their primary product, information, is a commodity that is difficult to differentiate. It used to be that academic libraries could emphasize their scholarly content as different from what search engines offered, but Google Scholar changed all that. The end user perceives all information as relatively the same, especially when they can find it on their own, and it all seems to relate to the question or topic of choice. And even if it isn't the highest quality information, if finding it is convenient and fast then it's good enough.
The Branding Strategy blog explores how one might go about differentiating or branding a commodity. In fact, one of the bloggers there, Brad VanAuken, said "I am a firm believer that everything can be branded/differentiated. I have never encountered a product or service that I could not brand/differentiate". In that same post he provided some examples of branding products for differentiation. In a more recent post VanAuken wrote more specifically about how to differentiate commodities. Commodities, like the information contained in articles and books, is difficult to differentiate. What is different about the information found in a book in the local public library and the same or a similar book found online via Google books or Amazon?
The answer is nothing, at least nothing much different than the vodka found in bottles from two different companies, or for that matter much of the water sold in plastic bottles. Can you really taste the difference between two brands? But why does one brand command a higher price and why do more consumers know the name or can recite its tagline? The reason is differentiation. It's the same thing with information. It may be the same but one provider may have more brand recognition, another may offer great convenience and yet another may deliver unique packaging. Libraries offer books and other information for free. You'd think that would be a significant and desirable differentiating factor. But when you factor in questionable convenience, difficulty finding out what the library offers and some complexity in getting to the information, free looks like less of a bargain. Then again, the vodka example shows consumers will pay more if they believe they are getting higher quality or more value for their money. But will they go to more trouble and spend more valuable time to get it?
So what advice does VanAuken offer for how to differentiate any commodity? Some are the sort of things you'd expect: superior quality control; great customer service; best range of product availability. While all of these would be desirable for any library, doing them all well in order to compete with an Amazon or Barnes & Noble could be quite a challenge. He also says that one way to differentiate with commodities is to identify unique categories of customers and focus on meeting their unique needs. This is one area in which libraries of all types might be most successful. We often know our user segments (children, teens, college students, professionals), and we often know more about them and their research needs than the competition.
One way in which libraries, particularly academic libraries, might differentiate their information is to better connect the end user with highly specialized resources that may be linked to a specific issue or discipline. The same could be said for the mostly unique content in special collections. While Google is digitizing these unique materials from its library partners' collections, there still remains much that is unique and valuable for differentiation. Promoting these unique databases and collections will present a challenge since they have small numbers of potential users. But reaching these smaller groups, over time, can convert to a large user base. We are challenged to differentiate the library's core commodity – raw information – but as VanAuken says, "Everything can be branded/differentiated."


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Soil Respiratory Activity and Organic Matter Depletion in an Arid Nevada Soil1
- S. D. Lyda and
- G. D. Robinson2
Incorporation of mature crop residues of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), oat (Avena sativa), and sudan (Sorghum vulgare) into a fine sandy loam soil in southern Nevada stimulated the soil respiratory activity. A close correlation was observed between respiration rate and organic matter content; both decreased steadily over a 6-month test period.
Four mature crop residues (alfalfa, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), oat, and sudan) were added to the same soil type in laboratory tests at 1, 2, 3, and 4% (weight/weight). Respiratory activity of these soils was followed for 10 weeks at 2-week intervals. A maximum activity was noted at the first 2-week period for the 2, 3, and 4% additions of all four residues.
The respiration rate was proportional to the residue concentration but the increments were not additive. A linear relationship was noted when the reciprocal of the rate was plotted against the reciprocal of the residue concentration, similar to that of a first-order reaction during the period of maximum activity. It was suggested that a given soil could become saturated with organic matter and reach a maximum respiratory activity; other factors would become rate limiting.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright ©.


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There are a number of veneer matching techniques providing an excellent range of visual effects. Obviously the degree of figure (grain, colour and natural characteristics) in the timber specie chosen, the method of veneer production, together with the desired effect, determine the best matching method for your project.
Note that the illustrations have gaps between the sheets of veneer to show the matching patterns more clearly. These gaps would not be visible in practice.
Where the height of a flitch does not permit its fabrication into the desired height of panel, it may be matched with vertical butts as well as with horizontal book leaf joins.
All types of veneers are used. In book matching every other sheet is turned over just as the leaves of a book. Thus, the back of one veneer meets the front of the adjacent veneer producing a matched joint design.
In slip matched veneer sheets are joined side by side and convey a sense of repeating the flitch figure. All types of veneer may be used, but this type of matching is most common in quarter-sliced veneers.
This is similar to a slip match, except that each alternate sheet is reversed end for end. Normally used with crown cut veneers.
Individual leaves are random matched for effect. Knotty veneers are often laid this way. This is done to disperse characteristics such as clusters of knots more evenly across the sheet.
These four special matching patterns are generally produced on production line equipment.
The matching techniques below are labour intensive, often hand made, usually with veneer wastage significantly higher than normal matching/joining techniques, and are priced accordingly.
The manner in which veneers are cut is an important factor in producing the various visual effects obtained. Two logs of the same specie, but with their veneers cut differently, will have entirely different visual characteristics even though their colours may be similar.
In veneer manufacture, five principal methods of cutting veneers are used.
The log is mounted centrally in the lathe and turned against a razor sharp blade. The result is like unwinding a roll of paper. Since the cut follows the log's annular growth rings, a bold variegated grain marking is produced. Rotary peeled veneer is exceptionally wide.
The quarter log or flitch is mount on the guide plate so that the growth rings of the log strike the knife at approximately right angles producing a series of stripes, straight in some woods and varied in others.
The half log or flitch is mounted with the heart side against the guide plate of the slicer and the slicing is done parallel to a line through the centre of the log. This produces a variegated figure.
A variation of rotary cutting in which segments or flitches of the log are mounted off centre in the lathe. This results in a cut similar to a crown cut but slightly across the annular growth rings and visually shows modified characteristics of both rotary and plain sliced veneers. Generally produces a wide heart with reduced quarter grain on the sides of the crown.
Rift cut veneer is produced in the various species of oak. Oak has medullary ray cells which radiate from the centre of the log like the spokes of a wheel. The rift or comb grain effect is obtained by cutting at an angle of about 15 degrees off the quartered position to avoid the flake figure of the medullary rays.


text:
In this section you'll find links to many of the latest Scottish Government statistical releases on the Economy.
Monthly Economic Brief
A monthly summary of the most recent official data on output, the labour market, inflation, retail, and manufactured exports, plus a review of surveys on and forecasts of the Scottish economy.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Scottish quarterly GDP figures are produced in basic prices, also known as Gross Value Added (GVA).
Statistics on the labour market in Scotland provide the latest information on unemployment, employment, economic inactivity, earnings, and public sector employment.
Business and Enterprise
Analysis and research on the Scottish business stock and business financial performance.
Statistics from the Global Connections Survey and the Index of Manufactured Exports.
Information on Scotland's estimated net fiscal balance and current budget balance.
Information on estimated household expenditure in Scotland.
Income and Poverty
Information about income and poverty statistics for Scotland.
Structure of the Economy
Input-Output tables provide a complete picture of the flows of goods and services in the economy for a given year. They detail the relationship between producers and consumers and the interdependencies of industries.
Economic Pocket Databank
Summary of the key statistics on Scotland's economy including information on the Scottish Labour Market, GDP, and other main economic indicators.


text:
Solve the riddle and give this word scramble a try.
Did you know that it requires 15 trees with a diameter of 10 inches at chest height to produce a cord of wood. A cord is a stack of cut fuel wood measuring 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet.
One cord of wood yields 7,500,000 (seven million five hundred thousand) what?
Here's how to play:


text:
Why is my HōlHōm screen blank?
If the screen is blank and there are no lights on, then it is likely there is no power to the thermostat.
- Check the breaker for your HVAC equipment to make sure it is on.
- Some homes have a disconnect switch for the HVAC equipment, check to make sure it is on.
- Remove HōlHōm from the mounting bracket and make sure the "R" and "C" wires are securely connected to the thermostat.
- Check to make sure the "R" and "C" wires are securely connected to the HVAC equipment and the "C" wire is actually connected to common.
- If you are using EZWire, make sure all the EZWire connections are secure.
If this does not resolve the issue, then report the problem to support.


wrc - Man Page
Wine Resource Compiler
wrc [options] [inputfile...]
The source file is preprocessed with a builtin ANSI-C compatible preprocessor before the resources are compiled. See Preprocessor below.
-D, --define=id[=val]
Define preprocessor identifier id to (optionally) value val. See also Preprocessor below.
Win32 only; set output byte-ordering, where e is one of n[ative], l[ittle] or b[ig]. Only resources in source-form can be reordered. Native ordering depends on the system on which wrc was built. You can see the native ordering by typing wrc -h.
-h, --help
Prints a summary message and exits.
-i, --input=file
-I, --include-dir=path
Add path to include search directories. path may contain multiple directories, separated with ':'. It is allowed to specify -I multiple times. Include files are searched in the order in which the -I options were specified.
-J, --input-format=format
-l, --language=lang
Set default language to lang. Default is the neutral language 0 (i.e. "LANGUAGE 0, 0").
-m16, -m32, -m64
Generate resources for 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bit platforms respectively. The only difference between 32-bit and 64-bit is whether the _WIN64 preprocessor symbol is defined.
Specify the directory to search for the NLS files containing the codepage mapping tables.
Ignored for compatibility with windres.
-o, -fo, --output=file
Write output to file. Default is inputfile.res with.rc stripped or wrc.tab.res if input is read from standard input.
-O, --output-format=format
Sets the output format. The supported formats are po, pot, res, and res16. If this option is not specified, the format defaults to res.
In po mode, if an output file name is specified it must match a known language name, like en_US.po; only resources for the specified language are output. If no output file name is specified, a separate.po file is created for every language encountered in the input.
Enable the generation of resource translations based on mo files loaded from the specified directory. That directory must follow the gettext convention, in particular it must contain one.mo file for each language, and a LINGUAS file listing the available languages.
Ignored for compatibility with rc.
Prefix the standard include paths with dir.
--utf8, -u
Set the default codepage of the input file to UTF-8.
-U, --undefine=id
Ignored for compatibility with windres.
-v, --verbose
Turns on verbose mode (equivalent to -d 1).
Print version and exit.
The preprocessor sets by default several defines:
RC_INVOKED set to 1
__WRC__ Major version of wrc
__WRC_MINOR__ Minor version of wrc
__WRC_PATCHLEVEL__ Patch level
Win32 compilation mode also sets _WIN32 to 1.
Language Support
'00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08'
wrc was written by Bertho A. Stultiens and is a nearly complete rewrite of the first wine resource compiler (1994) by Martin von Loewis. Additional resource-types were contributed by Ulrich Czekalla and Albert den Haan. Many cleanups by Dimitrie O. Paun in 2002-2003. Bugfixes have been contributed by many Wine developers.
- The preprocessor recognizes variable argument macros, but does not expand them correctly.
- Default memory options should differ between win16 and win32.
There is no support for:
- PUSHBOX control is unsupported due to lack of original functionality.
Bugs can be reported on the Wine bug tracker.
See Also
Wine documentation and support.
Referenced By
winebuild(1), winegcc(1), wmc(1).
October 2005 Wine 6.7 Wine Developers Manual


3.2.6 Directors
The FCA requires all societies' rules to state how the board of directors will be appointed and removed, and similarly, how the officers of the board will be appointed and removed, and the arrangements, if any, for paying directors. Under society legislation the minimum age for directors is 16.
The good governance of a society depends on having an active board, elected by the members, to oversee the affairs of the society. In electing a board, members are delegating their sovereign powers to this body. The directors are accountable to the membership, and are responsible for supervising the managers and executive staff who run the business. Societies, except for charitable societies, can choose to have a mix of executive and non-executive directors, or opt for an exclusively non-executive board, serviced by executive staff. The directors of charitable community benefit societies have a duty to act solely in the interest of the charity and must prevent conflicts of interest from affecting their decisions. This means they cannot receive any payment or benefit without authority, so it is unusual for charities to have executive directors on the board (see _URL_ ).
Consideration needs to be given to the size of the board, its composition, and the length of service of directors. Usually the size of the board is expressed in terms of a minimum and maximum number of directors, typically between three and 12. Some multi-stakeholder societies have rules that reserve a set number of places on the board for different membership categories. Societies may also have rules that allow the board to co-opt directors with specialist or professional skills. Most societies require directors to either retire or seek re-election after a defined period, typically three years, usually on a rotational basis so that no more than a third of the board are standing for election, thus allowing for some continuity of membership.
As a matter of good practice most societies, including charitable community benefit societies, will pay directors out-of-pocket expenses. Some societies also pay directors a fee commensurate with the services they provide. Charitable community benefit societies should follow the guidance provided by their national charity regulator on this matter, and ensure that their rules are compatible with this guidance.
Societies must have rules to remove directors. Usually this is a power held by a simple majority vote of members at a general meeting. Societies will normally have rules for removing directors who have been declared bankrupt, or are deemed medically incapable of carrying out their duties. Some societies have rules to remove directors if they fail to attend a minimum consecutive number of meetings.
The rules must also address the appointment of officers. All societies are obliged by law to appoint a secretary. Other officer posts, such as treasurer, chair and vice-chair, are at the discretion of the society. Other discretionary rules include provisions for the proceedings at board meetings, focusing mainly on quora and the role of the chair and the use of electronic media to conduct remote meetings.


text: Cooperative diversity techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of modern wireless mesh networks. The increased demand for bandwidth has led to the employment of frequencies above 10 GHz, where the dominant fading mechanism is rain attenuation. The rain attenuation induced on a microwave path is usually modelled as a lognormal random variable. In this paper, the outage performance analysis of a cooperative diversity system operating at frequencies above 10 GHz is presented, employing spatially correlated lognormal fading channels. The final destination node combines the direct link signal with a signal received through a regenerative (decode-and-forward) relay using selection combining. Various multiple-access protocols are considered, while energy and spectral efficiency are investigated. Extended numerical results present the impact of various operational, geometrical and geographical on the system performance. Finally, comparison with an effective direct link highlights the gain of cooperative diversity techniques.


Quick Answer: What Medications Should Not Be Crushed?
Can you chew a Tylenol pill?
Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets.
Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing..
Can you break open softgels?
Softgels can be cut open. We do not recommend doing this for a number of reasons: it is difficult to get all the ubiquinol out of the softgel so chances are you won't get the full 100mg dose also it can be difficult to cut a softgel so you have to be very careful not to cut yourself while doing it.
Can ibuprofen be dissolved in water?
Can controlled release tablets be crushed?
[4] These include heart rhythms that are too slow or too fast and may progress to cardiac arrest and death. Sustained-release drugs also should not be crushed or chewed before swallowing because doing so will cause the dangerously rapid absorption of a large dose that was intended to be released slowly over many hours.
Can scored pills be cut in half?
Scored down the middle. Scored pills are easier to split evenly. But a line down the middle doesn't always mean it's safe to split. Check with your doctor or pharmacist, or look for the FDA approval.
Is it OK to open capsule pills?
It's not advisable to open a capsule pill unless you're advised to do so by a doctor or other medical professional. They may need to be swallowed whole because: They're designed to release medicine slowly into your body over time and crushing them could cause an overdose.
Can you crush ibuprofen 200mg?
Take ibuprofen with food or immediately after food, to prevent stomach upset. Take ibuprofen with a full glass of water. Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush or chew them.
Is it OK to crush ibuprofen?
Swallow the tablet whole. Do not break, crush, divide, or chew it.
Is it OK to crush pills?
Can you dissolve pills in water?
Some tablets can be dissolved or dispersed in a glass of water. If you are not sure if your child's tablets can be dissolved, speak with your child's doctor or pharmacist. Dissolve or disperse the tablet in a small glass of water and then add some fruit juice or squash to hide the taste.
Can you crush film coated tablets?
Crushing enteric coated tablets may result in the drug being released too early, destroyed by stomach acid, or irritating the stomach lining. In general, manipulation of enteric coated and extended-release formulations is not, therefore, recommended.
When Should tablets not be crushed?
What to do if you can't swallow pills?
Here are eight pill-swallowing strategies you can try:Drink water (lots of it!) … Use a pop bottle. … Lean forward. … Bury in a teaspoon of applesauce, pudding, or other soft food. … Use a straw. … Coat with a gel. … Spray on lubricant. … Try a pill-swallowing cup.
Do pills work faster if you chew them?
If you chew an enterically coated tablet, the drug will not be absorbed properly and the medicine may be ineffective. Tablets designed to be chewed have this indicated on their packaging. This is common for drugs designed for young children and certain types of tablets such as multivitamins.
What is it called when you cant swallow pills?
Difficulty swallowing is called dysphagia. It can be caused by problems with nerves or muscles. Quite a few of those are involved in the swallowing process — 25 pairs of muscles in the mouth and throat help prepare your food for swallowing. When you swallow, your airway closes, and you stop breathing for a moment.
What medications Cannot be crushed?
Additional InformationWarfarin (Coumadin)Lovenox (enoxaparin)Methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexal)Fentanyl Patch (Duragesic)Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lorcet)Oxycodone with Acetaminophen (Percocet, Roxicet)Apidra (insulin glulisine)Humalog (insulin lispro)More items…
Does ibuprofen work faster if you chew it?
You should take ibuprofen tablets and capsules after a meal or snack or with a drink of milk. It will be less likely to upset your stomach. Do not chew, break, crush or suck them as this could irritate your mouth or throat.


text:
Close full-size image and return to story.
Example of a narrow feature that needs to be seen in a 3-D image. The first parameter that has to be defined in this 3-D seismic design method is the smallest (narrowest) horizontal dimension of a feature that must be seen in the 3-D data volume. For purposes of illustration, it is assumed the narrowest feature that is to be interpreted is a meander channel. At least three, and ideally four, stacking bins (seismic traces) must lie within the narrowest dimension W of this channel if the channel is to be reliably seen in the seismic image during workstation interpretation. Once this minimum channel width W is defined, the dimensions of the stacking bins are also defined, those bin dimensions being no wider than W/3, and ideally, they should be W/4 or less.


's outer liquid core. For perfectly conducting boundary with temperature, we have 𝜃=0,𝐻𝑧=0on𝑧=0,𝑧=1𝑥,𝑦.(23) Also the normal component of the velocity would vanish on 𝑧=0, 𝑧=1, that is, 𝑤=0on𝑧=0,𝑧=1𝑥,𝑦.(24) However, there are two more conditions to be imposed on velocity depending on the nature of the surface. In this paper we consider free-free boundary conditions, that is, on surfaces the tangential stresses vanish, which is equivalent to 𝑃𝑥𝑧=𝜇𝜕𝑢+𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑤𝑃𝜕𝑥=0,𝑦𝑧=𝜇𝜕𝑣+𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑤𝜕𝑦=0,(25) where 𝜇=𝛾𝜌0 is dynamic viscosity. Since 𝑤 vanishes for 𝑥,𝑦 on 𝑧=0, 𝑧=1, it follows that 𝜕𝑢/𝜕𝑧=𝜕𝑣/𝜕𝑧=0 on a free surface 𝑧=0,𝑧=1. Hence from equation of continuity we have 𝜕2𝑤/𝜕𝑧2=0 on 𝑧=0,𝑧=1 for all 𝑥, 𝑦. In this paper we have considered only the idealized stress-free conditions on the surface and vanishing of temperature fluctuations. Thus 𝑤=𝐷2𝑤=𝐷4𝑤=0 at 𝑧=0,1. 𝑤 and its even derivatives vanish at 𝑧=0 and 𝑧=1.
3. Linear Stability Analysis
We perform a linear stability analysis of the problem by substituting𝑤=𝑊(𝑧)𝑒𝑖𝑞𝑥+𝑝𝑡,(26) into linearized version of (19) is 𝑤=0, and obtaining an equation𝐷2𝑞2𝑝𝑀𝐷2𝑀𝑞2𝑝𝜙Pr2Pr1𝐷2𝑞2×Λ𝑀𝐷2𝑞21𝑀𝐷𝑎𝑝𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝑊=𝑅𝑞2𝑀𝑀𝐷2𝑀𝑞2𝑝𝜙Pr2Pr1𝐷+𝑄2𝑞2𝐷2𝑞2𝐷𝑝2𝑊.(27) We consider stress-free boundary conditions, then 𝑊=𝐷2𝑊=0 on 𝑧=0, 𝑧=1 for all 𝑥,𝑦. Thus we can assume 𝑊=sin𝜋𝑧.
Substituting 𝑊=sin𝜋𝑧 and 𝑝=𝑖𝜔 into (27), we get𝑀𝑅=𝑞2𝐴1𝐴+𝑖𝜔2𝜔2+𝐴3,(28)𝐴1=𝒦𝑀𝛿61𝐷𝑎+Λ𝛿2+𝑀𝛿4×𝑄𝜋2𝜔2Pr2𝑀2Pr21𝜔2𝑀𝜙Pr1𝜔2𝜙Λ𝑀Pr2Pr1+𝜔2Pr2Pr1Pr2Pr1𝛿4𝜙2Λ𝑀𝜔2𝑀𝜙Pr21×𝛿41Λ𝜙+𝑀Pr1+𝑄𝜋2𝜙+𝛿𝜙2Pr2𝑀𝐷𝑎Pr1,(29)𝐴2𝛿=𝒦2Pr2Pr12𝜙2Λ𝑀+𝜙𝑀2Pr1+𝜙2Pr22𝑀𝐷𝑎Pr21,(30)𝐴3𝛿=𝒦41𝑀Λ+𝜙Pr1+𝑀𝛿2𝐷𝑎+𝑄𝜋2𝑀𝜙Pr2Pr1,(31) where 𝒦=𝛿2(𝑀4𝛿4+𝜔2𝜙2Pr22/Pr21)1 and 𝛿2=(𝜋2+𝑞2), from relation equation (30), 𝐴2>0.
3.1. Stationary Convection (𝜔=0)
Substituting 𝜔=0 in (28), we get𝑅𝑠=𝛿2𝑠𝑞2𝑠𝛿2𝑠1𝐷𝑎+𝛿2𝑠Λ+𝑄𝜋2,(32) here 𝑅𝑠 is the value of the Rayleigh number for stationary convection. The minimum value of 𝑅𝑠 is obtained for 𝑞𝑠=𝑞sc. where𝑞2Λ𝜋6+13Λ+𝜋2𝐷𝐷𝑎𝑞𝜋4𝑄=Λ+𝜋2+1𝜋2𝐷𝐷𝑎.(33) The wave number is identical to that for the single component fluid, while the threshold for the onset of stationary convection at pitchfork bifurcation is given by (34) with 𝑞𝑠=𝑞sc,𝑅sc=𝛿2sc𝑞2sc𝛿2sc1𝐷𝑎+𝛿2scΛ+𝑄𝜋2,(34) where 𝛿2sc=𝜋2+𝑞2sc. Thus the magnetic field inhibits the onset of stationary convection.
3.2. Oscillatory Convection (𝜔2>0)
For the oscillatory convection (𝜔0) and from (28), 𝑅 will be complex. But the physical meaning of 𝑅 requires it to be real. The condition that 𝑅 is real implies that imaginary part of (28) is zero, that is,𝐴2𝜔2+𝐴3=0,(35) where 𝐴2 and 𝐴3 are given by (30) and (31). For oscillatory convection 𝜔2=𝐴3/𝐴2>0 since 𝐴2>0, for oscillatory convection 𝐴3<0. For 𝐴3=0, (35) implies that 𝜔=0 is a double zero corresponding to Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation point. For oscillatory convection, we have𝜔2=𝛿4𝑜𝑀Λ+1/𝜙Pr1+𝑀𝛿2𝑜/𝐷𝑎+𝑄𝜋2𝑀𝜙Pr2/Pr1𝛿2𝑜Pr2/Pr12𝜙2Λ/𝑀+𝜙/𝑀2Pr1+𝜙2Pr22/𝑀𝐷𝑎Pr21,(36)where 𝛿2𝑜=𝜋2+𝑞2𝑜. A necessary condition for 𝜔2>0 isPr2Pr1>1𝜙.(37) However, this is not sufficient condition and one must have in addition𝛿𝑄>4𝑜𝑀Λ+1/𝜙Pr1+𝑀𝛿2𝑜/𝐷𝑎𝜋2𝜙Pr2/Pr1.𝑀(38) At Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation point 𝑅𝑜(𝑞𝑜)=𝑅𝑠(𝑞𝑠)=𝑅𝑐(𝑞𝑐), 𝑞𝑜=𝑞𝑠=𝑞𝑐, and 𝜔2=0 is a double zero at 𝑄=𝑄𝑐(𝑞𝑐) where𝛿𝑄=4𝑐𝑀Λ+1/𝜙Pr1+𝑀𝛿


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Why are multiparous women more at risk of uterine rupture?
A multiparous woman is one who has previously given birth to at least one baby after 28 weeks of gestation. The gestational age is significant, because by 28 weeks the fetus will have reached a substantial size and weight, so the multiparous woman's uterus will already have been stretched. One result of this stretching is that the delivery is expected to be easier in subsequent pregnancies – which is, indeed, usually the case. Despite this fact, multiparous women are more likely than primiparous (first-time) mothers to experience uterine rupture if their labour is obstructed.
Can you suggest a reason for this unexpected finding?
One reason is that first-time mothers do not have a previous history of complicated delivery, whereas a woman who has given birth before may have already had complications which caused scarring of the uterus or other parts of the birth canal. Such scarring is a risk factor for a ruptured uterus.


text:
show lighter, multi-colored patterns when courting females. Some species, such as Smith's Dwarf Chameleon, adjust their colors for camouflage in accordance with the vision of the specific predator species (bird or snake) threatening them.
Chameleons also use color change as an aid to thermoregulation, becoming black in the cooler morning to absorb heat more efficiently, then a lighter grey color to reflect light during the heat of the day. It may show both colors at the same time, neatly separated, left-from-right, by the spine.


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StringPrintf: A Typesafe printf Family for C++
August, 2005: StringPrintf: A Typesafe printf Family for C++
Unnamed Temporary C++ Objects
The main technique that makes StringPrintf possible is the use of unnamed temporary objects. Most C++ programmers use this technique very often, although most of the time, it is not explicit. For example, having a set of std::strings, the set function insert only accepts references to objects of type std::string. Nevertheless, you can correctly write:
std::set stringSet;
This is possible because the compiler, when finding the C-string "ABC", looks for a way to convert the C-string to a const reference to a std::string object. It then finds that basic_string (the template base class of std::string) has a constructor basic_string(const char *s). The compiler uses this constructor to create an unnamed temporary object of std::string out of "ABC", and passes it to std::set.insert(). The line
is expanded to
A unnamed temporary std::string object is created and its reference is passed to the insert function. When the insert function returns, the temporary object is destroyed.
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Quick Answer: Why Do You Think She Is Telling Her Son About Her Life In This Way?
What is being compared in the poem mother to son?
In "Mother to Son" Hughes uses a metaphor to describe the life of the mother.
In this case, it is an extended metaphor that compares the mother's life to a staircase.
Each step symbolizes a part of her life that she had to endure.
This metaphor is used throughout the poem to show the meaning of the poem..
What do you think is the most probable purpose of the writer in writing mother to son?
The purpose of the Langston Hughes poem "Mother to Son" is to illustrate, through narrative, the difficulties that previous generations of black people have endured, sometimes as a sacrifice to ensure a better future for the next generation.
What to say to your son before he gets married?
I'd like to share these bits of wisdom with him now — 12 things he should know before his wedding day. Never take her — or anything — for granted. Be grateful every day for the life you have and the love you've found. Do something nice for her every day, and thank her for something at least once a day.
Which three pieces of advice does the speaker give the boy in the poem mother to son?
❏Major Themes in "Mother to Son": Hardships, hope, and courage are some of the major themes of the poem. ❏The poem explores the dignity and determination of a person when facing problems. ❏The speaker compares her life to a ragged staircase and conjures up an idea that one should not give up.
What is the overall message the mother is trying to convey to her son?
It was first published in the magazine Crisis in 1922. The poem is about a mother giving advice to her son about the challenges of life. It also illustrates how sometimes life becomes too heavy, but a person should never give up.
What is the moral lesson of the poem mother to son?
"Mother to Son" poem by Langston Hughes teaches a lesson to those people who get scared of hardships in life. And, loose hopes to overcome from their hardships. This poem demonstrates that if we have strong determination and courage then we can win any race in this world no matter how rough is our way.
What is the mother's advice to her son?
The advice that she gives her son is to keep going. She tells him never to sit down on the steps, never to fall, and never to turn back.
What point of view is mother to son?
Summary. "Mother to Son" is a poem written from the point of view of a mother talking to her son. She begins by telling the son that life is not a crystal stair, that it has tacks and splinters, and all the boards are torn up and it doesn't even have carpet in some places.
What is the conflict in mother to son?
The conflict in the poem is between the mother and the son. Her warning in the resolution shows that she has reason to fear that her son might not continue up the stair, that he might "find it's kinder hard" and just "set down on the steps." After her hard life, this is something the mother does not want to happen.
Why do you think Hughes uses the stairs as a comparison for life in mother to son?
What metaphor is used throughout "Mother to Son"? The mother's life is compare to climbing an uncomfortable and dangerous stairway. the metaphor suggets that her life has been hard but she has kept going. … She is worried her son will sit up, give up or fall because he finds life hard.
What does bare mean in mother to son?
She tells her son that "life for me ain't me no crystal stair" (2) literally meaning that life is not like a smooth, clear crystal. Instead she says the staircase has "tacks in it" (3), "splinters" (4), "boards torn up"(5), "places with no carpet on the floor"(6) and is "bare"(7).
What is the mother's experience of life?
What is the meaning of splinters?
noun. a small, thin, sharp piece of wood, bone, or the like, split or broken off from the main body. splinter group.
What is the central theme of the poem?
The poem's central theme is contained in the subject matter of the poem. In other words, it is the abstract idea of what the poem is saying about life. A poem may convey different levels of meaning, simultaneously.
What literary devices are used in mother to son?
Poets use many literary devices to convey a theme to the readers. In the poem "Mother to Son" by Langston Hughes, imagery, figurative language, and sound devices are used to express the speaker's experiences. The crystal stairs are a metaphor comparing to the speaker's life.
Which is the most interesting phrase in the poem mother to son why?
The poem is to inspire us to not give up no matter what happens and no matter how hard life can be. It encourages us to strive hard and be the best that we can be. The most interesting line is "Life for me ain't been no crystal stair." This line of the mother tells the whole story of her life, of her motherhood.
What do you think might have motivated the mother to advice her son?
Answer. The mother might gave her son some advice for she wants her son to be prepared. Prepared on what kind of obstacle her son might encounter.


> > How can we participate in the preservation of our playgrounds while practising our favourite sports?
This is what the Outdoorvision digital platform (_URL_ offers. Thousands of outdoor sports and nature enthusiasts want to help territories make eco-responsible decisions by sharing their GPS routes on the platform, thus preserving their practice areas.
Why share your tracks?
By sharing your tracks (and only tracks, other data is not processed or recorded), you help territories to ensure that their sites are adapted and maintained (installation of garbage cans, dry toilets at the starting points for example).
The OutdoorVision program is the result of a partnership between spaces, federations and brands, and is anchored in a responsible and innovative approach, with the aim of contributing to the development and planning of territories.
How to participate?
Share your GPS tracks with the Outdoorvision platform by connecting your Garmin Connect or Sunto account, or communicate your GPS tracks directly.
It's up to you! : Let's meet on Outdoorvision _URL_
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School counselling staff are members of the school learning and support team.
A teacher may recommend the service by referring a student to the school's learning and support team. As a parent or carer, you may refer your child directly to the school counselling service. Students can also self-refer to the service.
The school counselling service can:
- support students who are worrying about school work, friends, getting in trouble at school or feeling down
- help parents and carers make decisions about your child's education
- assess a student's learning and behaviour
- help teachers and students identify and address disabilities that may affect learning
- liaise with other agencies regarding student wellbeing.
School counselling is confidential.
For more information about learning and support teams and the school counselling service, visit:


text:
Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMentor Name: Clark Wells
- Internship Location:
- Pre Professional Interests Preferred:
Pre-Medicine, Pre-Pharmacy, Pre-Veterinary Medicine
- Dress Code:
- Must be appropriate for biomedical research e.g. No open toed shoes.
- Majors Preferred:
Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemistry
- Hours per week:
- Flexible based on student needs
- Flexible within regular work hours
- Research into the causes and potential treatments for brain cancer.
We are exploring basic mechanisms that control cellular morphology that are disrupted during the early development of
cancer. In parallel approaches we are exploiting these findings to develop strategies for preventing tumor progression.
- Internship Duties:
- An independent research project will be established in which the student will investigate a specific aspect of research related to understanding and treating brain cancer.
- Preferred: Cell biology, Chemistry


text:
Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day)
Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
1998 study by Hemamala Hettige, Muthukumara Mani, and David Wheeler, "Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited" (available at _URL_ The data were updated by the World Bank's Development Research Group using the same methodology as the initial study.


text:
Definition of Ley Sustantiva
- It is that one that regulates behavior on some specific matters, or prohibits certain acts. In other words; It is the law that regulates the actions of citizens.
- Set of norms that establish the rights and duties of citizens that are bound by an established legal order. Those who violate these rules may be prosecuted.
ORIGIN OF LEY SUSTANTIVA
Ley sustantiva (Substantive Law) comes from the Latin term legisthat determines all the rules that govern a specific territory. Added to that, the word "substantive" is added, which implies "something that exists independently". From this perspective, it denotes the basic laws that govern the behavior of the citizens of a place.
A Ley Sustantiva functions as a mechanism to grant a right or impose an obligation, punish its non-compliance and determines the procedure for its effectiveness.
CURIOSITIES OF LEY SUSTANTIVA
- In a state of law, the highest Ley Sustantiva is the Constitution or Magna Carta. This is the supreme Law that establishes, organizes and empowers the government of a nation under a system of fundamental principles for the fulfillment of the other laws.
- While the Ley Sustantiva determines what can or cannot be done, the Adjective Law is in charge of determining how due process should be carried out and each important aspect within a trial.


The Impact of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on Measures of Stroke Rehabilitation Outcome
Şehri Ayaş 1,Selin Taflan Selçuk 2,Melek Zekiye Uluçam 3
1 Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
2 Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara, Türkiye**Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
3 Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
DOI : 10.4274/tftr.26879
Objective: To evaluate the impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on stroke rehabilitation outcome measures.
Materials and Methods: Forty first-ever stroke patients admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit at a tertiary research hospital were enrolled in the study. On the basis of the left ventricular ejection fraction, the patients were grouped into two groups: (1) those with low ejection fractions (ejection fraction ≤50%) and (2) those with high ejection fractions (ejection fraction >50%). Thirteen patients had low ejection fraction and 27 had high ejection fraction. Admission and discharge functional status was measured with total, motor and cognitive components of the Functional Independence MeasureTM (FIM). A Functional Ambulatory Scale was used to measure the ambulatory status of the patients upon discharge.
Results: The admission total, motor and cognitive FIM scores in both groups were not significantly different. However, the low ejection fraction group had significantly lower discharge motor, total FIM and functional ambulatory scores than did the high ejection fraction group.
Conclusion: A decreased left ventricular ejection fraction may impair walking ability and rehabilitation outcome in first-ever stroke patients.
Keywords : Ejection fraction, stroke, rehabilitatio


text:
Learning Sealing: Traditional Knowledge Strengthening Awareness of Being Greenlandic Today
This thesis investigates in which ways learning 'traditional' knowledge such as seal hunting is a strengthening factor for the awareness of being Greenlandic today. It looks at knowledge transfer between one generation and the next as well as the role of knowledge transfer in the education system. Finally, the tension or interplay between possessing traditional knowledge and living as a modern people is discussed. Through primarily using qualitative research in the shape of interviews of twelve individuals, this thesis draws on examples from various kinds of education, while accounts from staff at the Children's Home Uummannaq and from young Greenlanders also provide information on passing of knowledge outside the educational system. The data will be analysed drawing on a range of theories from the cross-disciplinary field of my study, naming Fikret Berkes' model on traditional ecological knowledge, Thomas La Belle's theories on informal versus formal education, Gayatri Spivak's theory on the voices of the subalterns and epistemic violence, and Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, to name a few examples. This thesis presents voices of particular Greenlanders rather than attempting to account for the Greenlandic people as a whole, and through these voices it is shown that learning sealing in a symbolic or a practical way strengthens the awareness of young Greenlanders.
PublisherUniversitetet i Tromsø
University of Tromsø
The following license file are associated with this item:


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Legislative circonscriptions (Luxembourg)
Electoral law in Luxembourg is dictated by Article 51, 52, and 53 of the constitution. The number of deputies is set at sixty, and boundaries of the circonscriptions are based on administrative, cantonal boundaries. As a result, the circonscriptions have greatly differing populations, so each elects a different number of deputies, dependent upon the share of the national population.
Suffrage is universal and compulsory amongst adult resident citizens not otherwise disqualified. Luxembourg's electoral system is a form of the Hagenbach-Bischoff System (a variant of the d'Hondt method), which allocates seats to party lists by proportion of the votes won in each circonscription. Under Luxembourg's system, each citizen may vote for as many candidates as there are deputies elected from that constituency. As a result, the national popular vote has no significance, as it reflects only the number of votes cast, and not the number of voters or the number of deputies elected.
There are four legislative circonscriptions in Luxembourg:
- Centre includes the cantons of Luxembourg and Mersch, both of which are in the district of Luxembourg. As of 2005[update], Centre has an estimated population of 151,166 and elects 21 deputies.
- Est (English: East) is coterminous with the district of Grevenmacher, and includes the cantons of Echternach, Grevenmacher and Remich. As of 2005[update], Est has an estimated population of 53,842 and elects 7 deputies.
- Nord (English: North) is coterminous with the district of Diekirch, and includes the cantons of Clervaux, Diekirch, Redange, Vianden, and Wiltz. As of 2005[update], Nord has an estimated population of 70,826 and elects 9 deputies.
- Sud (English: South) includes the cantons of Capellen and Esch-sur-Alzette, both of which are in the district of Luxembourg. As of 2005[update], Sud has an estimated population of 184,256 and elects 23 deputies.
- (French) Constitution et droits de l'homme. 25 November 2004. Service central de legislation. URL accessed 9 May 2006.
- Constitution, Article 51(3).
- Constitution, Article 51(6).
- Council of State, 15 July 1993.
- Constitution, Articles 52(1), 52(2).


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'Indian traders made British curious about Africa'
Panaji, June 25 (IANS) Did Indian traders prove to be catalysts in Britain's colonisation of Africa? Yes, says the author of a book on sea trade between India and Africa.
Blanche Rocha D'Souza, an Indian-origin writer born in Kenya, says the thriving link between traders from western India and eastern Africa may have made the British curious about what was once called the Dark Continent.
"The British were already in India. It was only when they saw Indian traders doing thriving business in east Africa, especially Zanzibar, that they decided to see what Africa was really about. Slowly, the process of colonising the continent began," D'Souza told IANS.
She was here to read from her book, "Harnessing the Trade Winds - The Story of the Centuries-Old Trade with East Africa, Using the Monsoon Winds", published by Zand Graphics. The book traces the business between India and Africa, which goes back thousands of years, much before European colonisers began ruling the seas.
"The trade is as old as it can get. It dates back to 3,000 years before Christ. This is how rich and culturally significant the trade between India and Africa is," D'Souza said.
She said she collected data from books sourced from the libraries in Kenya, Mumbai and Zanzibar. D'Souza, a former teacher of English and a librarian, has lived in Kenya and Karachi and has her ancestral roots in Goa.
She said the cotton grown by farmers in Mohenjo-Daro during the Indus Valley Civilization was one of the goods Indian traders took with them to Africa.
"Hundreds of years before Christ, cotton was grown only in one place in the world - Mohenjo-Daro. That was what the Indian traders from what we know as the Gujarat region now used to send to the east Africa port of Zanzibar, which was then a trading hub," she said.
Indian cotton, planted on the fertile plains of the Nile river, was later known as long staple cotton and considered one of the world's finest.
In exchange for cotton, the traders brought back animal skins, rhino horns and tusks.
"After cotton, the trade of spices began," she said.
Indians, according to D'Souza, even named some of the rivers which run through Africa.
"The Mara river, which flows through the Masai Mara game range, was named by Indian travellers," she said.
She said she wrote the book after she, as a librarian, realised that the Arab and European sources of information downplayed the importance of Indian trade in the Indian Ocean.
"In all my research, I found that Arab and European sources of information downplayed the importance of Indian trade in the Indian Ocean which goes back at least 3,000 years before Christ," she said.
"My book attempts to rekindle in the Indian diaspora a justifiable pride in the achievements of its forebears in east Africa, and indeed other parts of the world. In east Africa, they promoted the development of agriculture and industry and the globalisation of trade stemming from their trading activities," D'Souza said.
(Mayabhushan Nagvenkar can be contacted at _EMAIL_)
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text:
Rhyming, hardcover picture books all ages will treasure! Introduce young children to the exciting true stories of Christian heroes!
From the moment Nate young Nate Saint (_PHONE_) took his first flight in an airplane, flying captured his heart. When he grew up, Nate flew his own plane over the jungles of Ecuador, helping missionaries reach isolated peoples with God's great love. Although Nate and his friends lost their lives trying to befriend the feared Acua Indians, God made Nate's dream for the Aucas come true.
Children, parents, and teachers love the adventurous Christian Heroes Then & Now biographies and unit study curriculum guides. Now Heroes for Young Readers introduces younger children to the lives of Christian heroes!
Whether reading for themselves or being read to, children love the captivating rhyming poems and unforgettable color illustrations of the Heroes for Young Readers series.
Pages: 32 (hardcover)