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Pravega write latency is of the order of milliseconds. It seamlessly scales to handle high throughput reads and writes from thousands of concurrent clients, making it ideal for IoT and other time sensitive applications.
Streams are light weight, Pravega can support millions of Streams, this frees the application from worrying about static configuration of Streams and preallocating a small fixed number of Streams and limiting Stream resource.
Write operations in Pravega are low latency, under 10ms to return an acknowledgment is returned to a Writer. Furthermore, writes are optimized so that I/O throughput is limited by network bandwidth; the persistence mechanism is not the bottleneck. Pravega uses Apache BookKeeper to persist all write operations. BookKeeper persists and protects the data very efficiently. Because data is protected before the write operation is acknowledged to the Writer, data is always durable. As we discuss below, data durability is a fundamental characteristic of a storage primitive. To add further efficiency, writes to BookKeeper often involve data from multiple Stream Segments, so the cost of persisting data to disk can be amortized over several write operations.
There is no durability performance trade-off with Pravega.
A Reader can read from a Stream either at the tail of the Stream or at any part of the Stream's history. Unlike some log-based systems that use the same kind of storage for tail reads and writes as well as reads to historical data, Pravega uses two types of storage.
- The tail of the Stream is in so-called Tier 1 storage.
- The historical part of the Stream is in Tier 2 Storage.
Pravega uses efficient in-memory read ahead cache, taking advantage of the fact that Streams are usually read in large contiguous chunks and that HDFS is well suited for those sort of large, high-throughput reads. It is also worth noting that tail reads do not impact the performance of writes.
Data in Streams can be retained based on the application needs. It is constrained to the amount of data available, which is unbounded given the use of cloud storage in Tier 2. Pravega provides one convenient API to access both real-time and historical data. With Pravega, batch and real-time applications can both be handled efficiently; yet another reason why Pravega is a great storage primitive for Kappa architectures.
If there is a value to retain old data, why not keep it around? For example, in a machine learning example, you may want to periodically change the model and train the new version of the model against as much historical data as possible to enhance and yield more accurate predictive power of the model. With Pravega auto-tiering, retaining lots of historical data does not affect the performance of tail reads and writes.
Size of a stream is not limited by the storage capacity of a single server, but rather, it is limited only by the storage capacity of your storage cluster or cloud provider. As cost of storage decreases, the economic incentive to delete data goes away.
Use Pravega to build pipelines of data processing, combining batch, real-time and other applications without duplicating data for every step of the pipeline.
Consider the following data processing environment:
- Real time processing using Spark, Flink, and or Storm
- Batch processing using Hadoop
- Full text search can be performed using Lucene-based or Search mechanism like Elastic Search.
- Micro-services apps can be supported using one (or several) NoSQL databases.
Using traditional approaches, one set of source data, for example, sensor data from an IoT app, would be ingested and replicated separately by each system. You would end up with three replicas of the data protected in the pub/sub system, three copies in HDFS, three copies in Lucene and three copies in the NoSQL database. When we consider the source data is measured in TB, the cost of data replication separated by middleware category becomes prohibitively expensive.
Consider the same pipeline using Pravega and middleware adapted to use Pravega for its storage:
With Pravega, the data is ingested and protected in one place; Pravega provides the single source of truth for the entire pipeline. Furthermore, with the bulk of the data being stored in Tier 2 enabled with erasure coding to efficiently protect the data, the storage cost of the data is substantially reduced.
With Pravega, you don't face a compromise between performance, durability and consistency. Pravega provides durable storage of streaming data with strong consistency, ordering guarantees and great performance.
Durability is a fundamental storage primitive requirement. Storage that could lose data is not reliable storage. Systems based on such storage are not production quality.
Once a write operation is acknowledged, the data will never be lost, even when failures occur. This is because Pravega always saves data in protected, persistent storage before the write operation returns to the Writer.
With Pravega, data in the Stream is protected. A Stream can be treated as a system of record, just as you would treat data stored in databases or files.
A developer uses a Pravega Transaction to ensure that a set of events are written to a Stream atomically.
A Pravega Transaction is part of Pravega's Writer API. Data can be written to a Stream directly through the API, or an application can write data through a Transaction. With Transactions, a Writer can persist data now, and later decide whether the data should be appended to a Stream or abandoned.
Using a Transaction, data is written to the Stream only when the Transaction is committed. When the Transaction is committed, all data written to the Transaction is atomically appended to the Stream. Because Transactions are implemented in the same way as Stream Segments, data written to a Transaction is just as durable as data written directly to a Stream. If a Transaction is abandoned (e.g. if the Writer crashes) the Transaction is aborted and all data is discarded. Of course, an application can choose to abort the Transaction through the API if a condition occurs that suggests the Writer should discard the data.
Transactions are key to chaining Flink jobs together. When a Flink job uses Pravega as a sink, it can begin a Transaction, and if it successfully finishes processing, commit the Transaction, writing the data into its Pravega based sink. If the job fails for some reason, the Transaction times out and data is not written. When the job is restarted, there is no "partial result" in the sink that would need to be managed or cleaned up.
Combining Transactions and other key features of Pravega, it is possible to chain Flink jobs together, having one job's Pravega based sink be the source for a downstream Flink job. This provides the ability for an entire pipeline of Flink jobs to have end-to-end exactly once, guaranteed ordering of data processing.
Of course, it is possible for Transactions across multiple Streams be coordinated with Transactions, so that a Flink job can use two or more Pravega based sinks to provide source input to downstream Flink jobs. In addition, it is possible for application logic to coordinate Pravega Transactions with external databases such as Flink's checkpoint store. For more information, see Transaction section.


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Making Homelessness Applications for Single Refugees
When receiving leave to remain, refugees commonly become homeless.
With demand for housing high, it can be difficult to prove that individuals have a priority need for accommodation. Yet many single refugees suffer from mental and physical health conditions that make them more vulnerable. If this vulnerability is exacerbated by being homeless, councils may have a duty to house them.
Providing an overview of how to support single refugees through a homelessness application, the training will include:
- Understanding what duties councils have towards homeless applicants
- How to support refugees to make a homelessness application
- When and how to challenge homelessness decisions

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Bending But Not Breaking: Understanding and Reinforcing Teen Resilience
This workshop will examine the many layers of teen resilience.
We will explore why some adolescents are better able to adjust to life stressors, bounce back from challenges and view difficult times as opportunities to grow, and then identify ways in which these qualities can be strengthened in others. This workshop will present research and recent publications supporting ways to identify and reinforce teen resilience. We will also hear from teenagers via video clips sharing their experiences. This workshop will identify resilience-building strategies for teens and for the significant adults in their lives.
Topics will include:
- Defining teen resilience.
- Examining the crucial components of teen resilience.
- Viewing teen resilience in action.
- What the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us about teen resilience.
- The components of Post Traumatic Growth and how it relates to teen resilience.
- Identifying practical and creative strategies to strengthen teen resilience and reduce stress.
- Taking a look at some of the books on teen resilience and how they can be of help.
You will receive 2.5 CEs
Participants will be able to:
- summarize the important components of teen resilience and post traumatic growth to help recognize areas for supporting important life skills in teens.
- analyze research results that can translate into practical applications for promoting and strengthening teen resilience.
- apply strategies to help teens build and reinforce resilience.
- identify strategies to help parents recognize and support resilience in their teenagers.
$75- Regular Registration
$65 – Alumni, FI, Adjunct
$30 – VET, Students Free with promo-code
About The Presenter
Kristan Baker, PsyD, is a NY licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience working in the field. Dr. Baker has a private practice in Huntington, NY., providing therapy services for teens and adults. Since 2003, she has worked as a clinician and director for MercyFirst, a non-profit agency that serves youth who have been placed in the child welfare and/or juvenile justice systems. Her work focuses on addressing intergenerational trauma and community safety. In addition, she has focused on training and supervising clinical and program staff regarding trauma-informed interventions. Dr. Baker earned her doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Long Island University, Post Campus, with training in cognitive-behavioral, trauma-focused CBT, dialectical-behavioral and psychodynamic theories.
Adelphi University School of Social Work is an approved provider for continuing education credits for the following:
- NYSED Social Workers
- NYSED LMHC
- NYSED LMFT
- CASAC Renewal
- APA Psychology, pending NYSED Psychology
- NYSED LCAT
Successful completion for the award of approved continuing education credits requires attendance at the entire training/workshop and submission of a completed evaluation form.
Unfortunately, we cannot provide refunds for cancellations made seven working days or fewer before the event for any reason—or for no-shows. We can provide credit towards a future workshop up to 24 hours before the event. After that, no credit will be issued.
The Student Access Office ensures equal access to all of Adelphi University's programs, services and facilities for students with documented needs. Through assistance, advocacy and reasonable accommodations, the office provides an accessible and supportive campus environment.
The Student Access Office provides cost-free assistance and services that are tailored to meet the needs of individuals based on their specific, appropriately documented needs, while preserving Adelphi's academic integrity and high standards of academic expectations and performance.
If you are a student with a documented disability and wish to request accommodation services, please submit a Petition for Reasonable Accommodations form along with the required information as detailed in the Guidelines for Documentation.
Please be aware that all decisions regarding accommodations and equal access are made in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and prevailing University Policy.
For further information, please contact the Student Access Office at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


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Leveraging the Performance Testing Methodology, SOASTA provides consulting services both directly and through our partners. Consulting services are integrated into CloudTest On-Demand engagements or are available on an ad hoc basis and range from test creation and execution to project management, strategy and implementation planning.
SOASTA's Performance Test Strategy Workshop is typically a multi-day session with a Senior Performance Engineer designed to identify and document the requirements and goals that will drive a test plan and:
* Align business requirements with processes
* Integrate performance testing into ADL
* Establish success criteria
* Define a monitoring strategy matching KPIs
* Align teams to deliver to performance goals
The Performance Test Strategy Workshop often leads into an Implementation Planning engagement to document the people and processes necessary to deliver on the strategy. The Implementation planning session:
* Clarifies roles and responsibilities
* Establishes communication mechanisms
* Defines the execution model
* Creates a framework for building test plans
* Focuses on taking action on results
Once a strategy and implementation plan are in place, SOASTA can assist or manage the execution of the tests. Desired test types are identified in the plan, which, when taken together, make for a well-rounded view of application performance and reliability. The most successful online application companies are executing on well-defined performance and readiness plans that include a mix of tests, such as:
Baseline: the most common type of performance test. Its purpose is to achieve a certain level of peak load on a pre-defined ramp-up and sustain it while meeting a set of success criteria such as acceptable response times with no errors.
Spike: simulates steeper ramps of load, and is critical to ensuring that an application can withstand unplanned surges in traffic, such as users flooding into a site after a commercial or email campaign. A spike test might ramp to the baseline peak load in half of the time, or a spike may be initiated in the middle of steady state of load.
Endurance: help ensure that there are no memory leaks or stability problems over time. These types of tests typically ramp up to baseline load levels, and then run for anywhere from 2 to 72 hours to assess stability over time.
Failure: ramps up to peak load while the team simulates the failure of critical components such as the web, application, and database tiers. A typical failure scenario would be to ramp up to a certain load level, and while at steady state the team would pull a network cable out of a database server to simulate one node failing over to the other. This would ensure that failover took place, and would measure the customer experience during the event.
Stress: finds the breaking point for each individual tier of the application or for isolated pieces of functionality. A stress test may focus on hitting only the home page until the breaking point is observed, or it may focus on having concurrent users logging in as often as possible to discover the tipping point of the login code.
Diagnostic: designed to troubleshoot a specific issue or code change. These tests typically use a specially designed scenario outside of the normal library of test scripts to hit an area of the application under load and to reproduce an issue or verify issue resolution.


Health and Finances: The Cost of Being Fit
cost of fitnessEach year, more and more people try to obtain a better state of health. This is something that does not usually come easily or always affordably. The average cost of a gym membership is around $50-$54 a month or a bit over $600 a year according to the market study conducted by Bloomberg. As fitness is a continuous process throughout one's life, the amount used towards it can stack up. So the main question is: does it really have to be so costly?
In Adulthood
It is generally easier to be fit and active upon reaching adulthood. Adults need around 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week in order to be fit and healthy based on The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Depending on how you choose to obtain that exercise it'll impact the cost. A gym membership can compound the expenses so it's good to seek alternatives if you're on a budget. Going for exercises that you can do at home like Yoga or even taking up running can whittle down what you spend to get fit.
In the Latter Years
Individuals aged 65 and older are recommended to do exercises that target specific areas: balance, endurance, flexibility, and strength according to the National Institute of Aging. A primary concern for a lot of the elderly is affording to keep fit when income may be less later in life. All the more reason to find fitness routines that do not require membership contracts or costly equipment. It also helps to be part of a supportive community that promotes frugal fitness routines.
Fixed Eye on Priorities
As with everything in life, balance is required. It can be tempting to join fitness trends that require the latest wearable gadgets or signing up with the latest health studio. But the one thing you must do is to keep a fixed eye on your priorities. You need to think about the cost of living and other financial responsibilities. There is a lot of information that is available that can help you unlock the fitness that you need at a significantly less cost.
In Conclusion
Your health and fitness is an integral part of raising your quality of living. The cost of fitness should never be more than what you are comfortable paying. So whether you go the thrifty routine or on the splurge one, it will be entirely up to you. Always keep in mind that your fitness and any associated cost should be there to enhance your life and not bog it down.
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Couroupita guianensis grows up to 35 meters in height. The clustered leaves vary in length, generally from 8 to 31 centimeters, but reaching up to 57. The flowers are born in large bunches up to 80 meters long. Some trees flower profusely, until the entire trunk is buried in flowers. One tree can bear 1000 flowers per day. They are strongly scented, especially at night, and in the early morning.They are large, up to 6 centimeters wide, and often brightly colored, the six petals in shades of pink and red near the bases and yellowish toward the tips. There is a ring of stamens at the center, and an arrangement to stamens that have been modified into a hood. The large fruit, which is woody and very spherical, measuring up to 25 centimeters wide, gives the species the common name "cannonball tree". A smaller fruit contains perhaps 65 seeds, while a large one can have 550. One tree can bear 150 fruits. The fruit takes up to a year to mature in most areas, sometimes as long as 18 months.
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Ok so I have two lists in C#
List attributes = new List();
List songs = new List();
one is of strings and and one is of a attribute object that i created..very simple
class Attribute
 public string size { get; set; }
 public string link { get; set; }
 public string name { get; set; }
 public Attribute(){}
 public Attribute(string s, string l, string n)
 size = s;
 link = l;
 name = n;
I now have to compare to see what songs are not in the attributes name so for example
songs.Add("yet another");
Attribute a = new Attribute("500", "_URL_", "something" );
I want a way to return "another" and "yet another" because they are not in the attributes list name
so for pseudocode
difference = songs - attributes.names
share|improve this question
add comment
4 Answers
up vote 20 down vote accepted
var difference = songs.Except(attributes.Select(s=>s.name)).ToList();
Added ToList() to make it a list
share|improve this answer
will difference be a list – Trace Mar 23 '12 at 14:12
no, is IEnumerable, but call ToList() – Adrian Iftode Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
An enumerable. Use ToList() if you need to. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
Sorry Adrian, beat me to it. This is actually a really good answer, been wondering how to achieve this for a while myself. +1 – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
add comment
var diff = songs.Except(attributes.Select(a => a.name)).ToList();
share|improve this answer
add comment
This is the way to find all the songs which aren't included in attributes names:
var result = songs
 .Where(!attributes.Select(a => a.name).ToList().Contains(song));
The answer using Except is also perfect and probably more efficient.
EDIT: This sintax has one advantage if you're using it in LINQ to SQL: it translates into a NOT IN SQL predicate. Except is not translated to anything in SQL. So, in that context, all the records would be recovered from the database and excepted on the app side. Is much less efficiente.
share|improve this answer
Why did you post this if the other answers that use Except are perfect and more efficient? – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:15
If you see it, I posted this before the other answers, and added the comment later, stating clearly that the other solutions are better. – JotaBe Mar 23 '12 at 14:17
"I posted this before the other answers." You didn't. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:25
Plus, you're missing a right parenthesis. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:34
Hey, the voting system is here so that people knows which is the best answer. That's why I've voted adrian's. However I think it won't hurt to see a different alternative. Mine have at least one advantage. See my edited answer. – JotaBe Mar 23 '12 at 15:24
show 4 more comments
It's worth pointing out that the answers posted here will return a list of songs not present in attributes.names, but it won't give you a list of attributes.names not present in songs.
While this is what the OP wanted, the title may be a little misleading, especially if (like me) you came here looking for a way to check whether the contents of two lists differ. If this is what you want, you can use the following:-
var differences = new HashSet(songs);
differences.SymmetricExceptWith(attributes.Select(a => a.name));
if (differences.Any())
 // The lists differ.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
A math homework assignment that asked fourth grade students to tally the number of slaves on a ship has sparked outrage among parents and administrators in Manhattan.
The assignment was devised by another group of students, after they apparently expressed interest in the transatlantic slave trade. It required fourth graders to calculate the remainder of those not killed by a mutiny aboard the vessel, and to determine the number of times slaves were beaten in one month.
"This is really inappropriate," student teacher Aziza Harding told CNN affiliate NY1 on Friday. "It should not be a homework assignment, and I did not want to make copies of this."
Harding was asked to photocopy the assignment by another teacher, but refused because the questions made her uncomfortable and she thought it desensitized students to the horrors of slavery.
The first question read: "In a slave ship, there are 3,799 slaves. One day, the slaves took over the ship. 1,897 slaves are dead. How many slaves are alive?"
The second question read: "One slave got whipped five times a day. How many times did he get whipped in a month (31 days)? Another slave got whipped nine times a day. How many times did he get whipped in a month? How many times did the two slaves get whipped together in one month?"
The worksheet was created earlier this year by another teacher whose students were studying the history of slavery in their social studies class. During a math lesson, they were asked to create word problems on the same topic. Another teacher borrowed the worksheet before leaving for vacation, according to a statement by New York school officials.
"This is obviously unacceptable and we will take appropriate disciplinary action against these teachers," said Connie Pankratz, a spokesperson for the NYC Department of Education. "The chancellor spoke to the principal, and she has already taken steps to ensure this does not happen again."
Adele Schroeter, the school principal, said she was appalled and will be meeting with staff as well as families.
"I have already met with the teacher and have arranged for training around this issue for the entire staff at my school," she said in a statement.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Wednesday, April 21, 2021
HomeJobs"EU Pay Transparency Directive only part solution to gender pay gap"
The European Commission published a legislative proposal pioneered by Maltese Commissioner, Helena Dalli to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms. This is a key initiative emanating from the EU's Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025.
The Malta Business Bureau (MBB) strongly believes in gender equality, firstly as a matter of social justice and secondly because this would allow countries such as ours that depend exclusively on its human resource to meet the economy's full potential. The MBB therefore welcomes any initiative that strives to meet these two objectives, however, cautions on some of the specific legislative provisions proposed, and stresses the importance of evaluating the administrative and labour market impact on companies compared to the progress that will realistically be made to close the gender pay gap as a result of such measures.
MBB President, Simon De Cesare stated, "The EU Pay Transparency Directive addresses some aspects of the gender pay gap through the provision of more information, monitoring of compiled data and remedy in case of proved discrimination. But one must acknowledge that the gender pay gap is a wider challenge and tackling it requires addressing the root causes, including help guiding youth to make career choices free of gender-based stereotypes and to educate society to improve the burden sharing relating to household and care responsibilities within families. This would also provide gender equal opportunities for career progression.
Mr. De Cesare continued, "Pay discrimination based on gender has no place at work and this is already defined as an illegal practice. Therefore, EU legislators must ensure that the provisions in this Commission directive are proportionate and find the right balance in meeting the objectives without creating unnecessary administrative burdens on companies or abuse by claimants.
While committing to study the proposal in more detail and to consult businesses moving forward on the expected impact of the EU Pay Transparency Directive, the MBB expresses initial reservation on the potential impact of certain provisions of the Directive, such as the relevance for the obligation to provide the initial pay level in a published job vacancy or prior to the job interview, the risk to data protection when providing information on pay levels in the case of micro and small enterprises, the possibility of social media abuse if larger companies are made to publish internal gender pay gap reports, and the overall onus of the reversal of burden of proof on companies.
The MBB would also like to emphasise that the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value does not mean that all workers in the same category must always be paid equally. There are several factors that would justify a different pay, such as the level of qualifications, work experience, job performance and length of service, and the proposed Directive acknowledges this. The MBB calls on EU legislators to ensure that while providing workers the right to obtain information on pay levels, safeguards are also put in place to protect companies from a culture of frivolous court cases.
Giovanni Guarise
Giovanni Guarise
Professional journalist since 2010, over the years as a freelance he has dedicated particular attention to the world of Small and Medium Enterprises, creating in-depth studies and focuses for various newspapers, and collaborating in communication activities for a trade association in Veneto.
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text:
Knowing there had to be a perfectly good, logical explanation why this circle of 'shrooms was there, I set out to uncover the toadstool ring's origin. But what I found was that the fantastical version is considerably more...entertaining.
Fairy rings, as they have long been called, have found a popular place in folklore for thousands of years.
Wikipedia says that a fairy ring, also known as a fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms.
European folklore believes that fairy rings are gateways into elfin kingdoms or places where elves gather and dance. According to the folklore, a fairy ring appears when a fairy, pixie or elf appears. It will disappear without a trace in less than five days, but if an observer waits for the elf to return to the ring, he or she may be able to capture it.
Now, for the scientific version, which is interestingly significant but less appealing.
Mushrooms, also sometimes called toadstools, tend to pop up through the soil in woods or on lawns after heavy rains (thank you, Hurricane Isaac).
The rings can grow to over 33 ft. in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground.
Purdue University states that the presence of mushrooms usually indicates an organic source of nutrients, such as a buried tree stump or chopped down bush was or is nearby.
When you see a mushroom growing in a lawn, you are only seeing a small part of the fungus, Purdue says. The fungus also grows underground as a thread-like mass that is called mycelium. This mycelium tends to grow in all directions from a central point. Thus, an invisible circular pattern occurs. The fruiting bodies (mushrooms) then tend to appear in a circular pattern.
The term "fairy ring" comes from a superstition that the mushrooms growing in a circle represent the path of dancing fairies. Usually on the inside of the fairy ring, a dark green ring of grass will be evident. This is because extra nitrogen is available in that area where the fungal mycelium has died.
There is no good control for a fairy ring. Mushrooms can be temporarily removed by regular mowing or raking. Since they are most visible on low fertility conditions, you can mask the fairy rings by regular applications of low rates of nitrogen.
The fairy ring of fungus, photographed above, was discovered last Thursday, Sept. 6. However, as of Monday, Sept. 10, the lawn had been cut, removing with it a very, fairy tale.


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Learn 6 Irish Expressions Before Going To Ireland
chat irish phrases
There are more than 50 countries in the world where English is spoken as an official language, and of course, as everyone knows, English is currently the most important language to learn, especially if the person's goal is to travel, live in one of these countries or even succeed grow professionally.
Ireland is one of the countries most sought after by Brazilians to exchange and learn English, but what many do not know is that the Irish accent and expressions can be very different from those shown in Hollywood films. So if you are going to Ireland or are already in the country and want to learn more, get to know these 6 expressions to help you in your daily life.
1. Sure Look It
This expression is a suitable answer to almost any question or situation. It is good to remember that it should not be translated literally to try to understand, because it will not work. But it is almost as if that expression could suit any context, even one in which you are not sure what to say. Here is an example:
A: "Isn't it a bad weather out there."
B: "Ah, sure look at it."
2. The Jacks
Believe it or not, in Ireland there is a different nickname for the bathroom. You will hardly see anyone saying "restroom", the most common would be "toilet" or the nickname "The Jacks", the reason? It is not known for certain, some people speculate that it may be due to a term that was used in the 16th century. The nickname is more common for public restrooms. Example: "I need to find the jacks"
3. Yoke
Do you know the special way of the miner saying "train" for basically everything? That's almost it! In Ireland you can speak Yoke in place of "thing", which means "thing" in English.
In some moments when people forget the name of an object or even not quite the name, then they substitute the name for Yoke to be able to express themselves.
Example: "Can you pass me that yoke near the pan?"
4. Locked
This expression basically means 'drunk'. In Ireland, several expressions are used for this same definition. Irony of fate? I do not think so. haha Jokes aside. Some of the other expressions are: polluted, twisted, moldy, among others.
Example: "You were so locked in that party"
5. What's the craic?
It could be "What's up?" if it weren't for being in Ireland. The expression means something like "How are you?" or "What's going on" and the word CRAIC or CRACK is a term for news, gossip and entertainment.
Example: "Hey! What's the craic?"
6. Grand
Despite the similarity with the word 'grande' in Portuguese, this is not the meaning of this expression! While in other countries this word would mean 'incredible' and 'splendid', in Ireland it would be 'very well' or 'satisfactory'. Irish people can respond as they say "I am grand" or it can even be used to express that everything is fine, say someone apologizes for some reason, it is possible to answer only "No problem, you're grand".
Author: Gabriela
Aficcionada por aprender sobre outras culturas, viajando, experimentando e claro também compartilhando com outras pessoas. Adoro escrever, criar, sou professora de línguas e também espalho mais sobre a cultura brasileira mundo afora.
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text:
Virtual currencies are governed by the same economic principles of real money. If you don't closely monitor your virtual economy, inflation can erode the purchasing power of your currency—which can deter new users from playing your online game. Inflation is caused by an excessive growth of the money supply, which can drive up the prices of your virtual goods to the point where new players simply can't afford to play your game.
Some of the most common causes of inflation of virtual economies include:
- Misaligned payouts, or rewarding users with large amounts of currency for little effort
- Offering too many opportunities to earn currency, and too few ways to spend it
- Players gaming the system to fraudulently earn virtual currency
Here's a look at ways you can prevent virtual currency inflation:
Managing your offer completions
Offer completions are an effective way to monetize online games. But many game publishers use fixed exchange rates, which encourage users to actively seek out the highest paying offers rather than those they are genuinely interested in. As a result, exposing your exchange rates can significantly inflate your average user wealth. You can avoid this by grouping your offers as shown in the example below:
Monitoring your economy
Analytics can provide insight into the health of your virtual economy and help prevent inflation. Viral analytics platform Kontagent recommends that game publishers should:
- Monitor average net worth
- Track individual virtual good purchases
- Balance sources (ways your users can earn currency) and sinks (ways your users can spend currency)
If your analytics indicate that your currency is inflated, it's time to reduce the ways your users can earn currency and increase ways for them to spend. Implementing multiple currencies can also combat inflation by making some items available only with premium currency.
Implementing fraud detection
When users game the system and unfairly earn excessive amounts of currency, prices of your virtual goods will rise. With strong fraud detection, online game publishers can deter such behavior by deducting coins or banning the user from the game. Such monitoring can be done in house, or better yet, you can choose a payment platform that manages fraud for you.


text:
Article Title: Uses for Audio in eLearning
Publication: Integrated Learnings: eLearning
Summary: The use of audio in eLearning is still an enigma for many instructional designers. Some eLearning lessons include full narration that fails to contribute to the activity's learning value, while others miss opportunities to enhance realism or gain attention through a selective use of audio. This article suggests situations in which audio can improve the effectiveness of an eLearning lesson.
Second, the images on the screen were not instructional. So, while the course avoided the mistake of reading text that appears on the screen (which we know can hinder comprehension), the many images that animated onto the screen throughout the course seemed to be more decorative than meaningful.


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SocioScape - a Tool for Interactive Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Group Dynamics in Social Networks
Authors: Reda, K., Tantipathananandh, C., Berger-Wolf, T., Leigh, J., Johnson, A. E.
Publication: Proceedings of the IEEE Information Visualization Conference (INFOVIS '09), Atlantic City, New Jersey
We introduce SocioScape, an interactive tool for the visual exploration of spatially referenced, dynamic social networks. The tool combines a novel depiction methodology that illustrates the evolution of social groups with a spatio-temporal visualization showing the movement of these groups in the environment. The depiction technique used by SocioScape provides an alternative to graphs, allowing domain scientists to easily explore the evolution of the social structure and examine the role of the environment in shaping the social behavior of populations.
Keywords: Information visualization, social networks, data exploration
Index Terms: H.2.8 [Database Management]: Interactive data exploration and discovery; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Representation (HCI)]: Graphical user interfaces
Date: October 11, 2009 - October 16, 2009
Document: View PDF


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ACCOUNTING TERMS - ACCOUNTING DICTIONARY - ACCOUNTING GLOSSARY
From the web's #1 provider of financial analysis / ratio analysis
NON-CURRENT ASSETS Definition
NON-CURRENT ASSETS includes PPE (property, plant and equipment) as opposed to current assets which includes cash, cash equivalents (e.g. securities, short-term notes, etc.), inventory and accounts receivable.
Learn new Accounting Terms
HIGH-YIELD DEBT is a business term referring to a corporate debt instrument (non-investment grade or junk bond), that has a higher yield (compared to investment grade debt) because of a high perceived credit risk (default risk). See also JUNK BOND.
OPERATING COST is the expense of maintaining property (e.g., paying property taxes and utilities and insurance) it does not include depreciation or the cost of financing or income taxes. Also known as OPERATING EXPENSE.


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Using a Flash Disk is helpful for notebooks that do not have an internal optical disc drive. The USB Recovery Flash Disk Utility requirements include :
- Only one copy of the recovery disk can be created. If you have already created or attempted to make a recovery DVD, do not try to use the Flash Disk Utility.
- The computer must have the original HP configuration, including the recovery partition, with either Vista or Windows 7.
- Recovery disk cannot be created if the original operating system has been changed.
- You cannot use the Flash Disk Utility if the Recovery partition has been removed.
- The USB Flash Disk must have at least 8 GB of free space available.
Because the recovery manager files being created will be used to protect your computer for years to come, you should select a quality Flash Disk product made by a well known manufacturer. Store the recovery disk in a safe place away from the computer.
Download USB Recovery Flash Disk Utility
The utility for creating a recovery image on a USB flash disk is specific to the operating system. To locate and download the correct software click one of the following links to download the HP Recovery Flash Disk Utility for Vista or HP Recovery Flash Disk Utility for Windows 7 softpaq.
When prompted to either save the file to your computer or run the file from the web, select Save and download the softpaq to a convenient location on your hard drive, such as the desktop.
NOTE: Do not select Run during the download. Save the program to your hard drive so you can disconnect from the web and run the disk creation at a time you choose. If you select Run, the disk creation process will start immediately and you cannot use the computer while the recovery disk on the USB Flash Disk is being created.
Run USB Recovery Flash Disk Utility
Creating the recovery disk on an 8GB or larger USB Flash Disk can take 30-60 minutes or more. Do not use the computer for any other activities during the creation process.
You can create the recovery disk by performing the following steps :
CAUTION: This process will involve data loss for anything currently on the USB flash disk as a format will be performed during the creation process.
- Connect the notebook to the proper AC power supply.
- Save and close all other computer programs.
- Insert the 8GB or larger USB Flash Disk in the USB connector.
- Double-click the Flash Disk USB Recovery Flash Disk Utility, which was downloaded earlier, to launch utility.
- When prompted, accept the software user agreement.
- When prompted, select the desired USB Flash Disk.
- Allow the utility to examine the notebook and then create the USB Flash Disk recovery disk.
You should now have a bootable recovery disk on a USB flash disk that can be used to restore your computer to its original factory condition.


text: The high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) observation was carried out to investigate the microstructure of precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. In the early stage of aging at 423K, monoatomic layers were observed along the (1 1 00)Mg plane. After 64h aging at 423K, the contrast of β" phase based on ordered D019 hexagonal super lattice structure was appeared. The monoatomic layers, two layers spaced by (1 1 00) Mg planes and β' phase based on bco-structure were observed in the specimen aged for 128h. In the peakaged specimen, the β' phase and monoatomic layers were observed.


HomeHow toHow to use your Android or iOS device as a webcam -...
How to use your Android or iOS device as a webcam – DroidCam
Use your smartphone as a webcam
The technologies for internet communication have altered our perception of the world. We no longer have to wait for others to reply to our contacts for days or weeks. Webcams are built into almost all PC and Mac laptops, allowing us to conduct video chats and various kinds of recordings that can be shared on social networking sites. However, in some instances, such as when your laptop's built-in camera is damaged or absent, you won't be able to make a webcam movie and will have to search for alternatives. As an alternative, you can use an Android or iOS phone, or a tablet.
In this post, we'll show you how to use an Android or iOS phone as a webcam. You can use your phone as a webcam on video platforms, such as Skype, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet. Alternatively, you can record your phone camera in the device recording mode of Bandicam.
We tested a few applications and found DroidCam to be the best option for using a phone as a webcam. DroidCam supports desktop clients for Windows 10 and Linux. However, there is no client for Mac OS. If you are a Mac user, it is recommended to use the IRIUN application that supports Mac OS.
Methods of using DroidCam:
1. How to use your smartphone as a webcam via wi-fi
Step 1. Install and start the DroidCam PC client. Also, connect your computer and phone to the same network by turning on Wi-Fi.
Step 2. Start the phone app and you will see the Wi-fi IP & Port information. If the IP consists of all zeros (, you are not properly connected to a Wi-Fi network.
Step 3. Enter the IP and Port as displayed on the phone. Check the video and audio option and click the 'Start' button.
Now open the software you will be using and verify the camera output by selecting 'DroidCam Source' from the video settings menu. It can be used in a variety of ways. See examples below.
Example 1) For instance, if you are going to use your phone camera in Zoom meetings, select 'DroidCam Source' as a video source.
Example 2) If you want to record your webcam with your smartphone's camera, you can use Bandicam Recorder.
 - Select 'Device recording mode' and 'DroidCam Source' from the settings.
 - If you want to record your voice, please select 'DroidCam Virtual Audio' as a Microphone. (Optional)
2. How to use your Android phone as a webcam using USB
Step 1. With a USB cord, connect a phone to a Windows laptop or PC.
Step 2. Enable USB debugging by going to Settings > Developer Options > Enable USB debugging on your Phone. If a dialogue box appears asking you to 'Allow USB Debugging,' choose OK. Because USB connections are made via Android Debug Bridge (ADB), this step is critical.
Step 3. With USB Debugging turned on, start the DroidCam app on your phone and make sure it's linked to the laptop or computer.
Step 4. On the PC, open the DroidCam Client and choose the 'USB' option. A screen will display devices in a dropdown menu, and port information will appear. When you press the 'Start button, the DroidCam Client will identify your Phone and connect to it immediately.
3. How to use your iPhone as a webcam using USB
USB connections for the iOS app require iTunes to be installed and detect your Apple device when you plug it in.
Step 1. With the USB connection, connect your iPhone to your Windows laptop or PC.
Step 2. Remember that you'll need iTunes installed on your Windows PC to connect via a USB connection. You can get iTunes for free if you don't already have it. It will instantly identify your iPhone once you log in to iTunes.
Step 3. Start the DroidCam Client by selecting the 'USB' option and pressing the 'Start' button.
4. How to connect phone camera with Chrome or Edge
You may also use a web browser to connect to the camera using the DroidCam mobile app.
Step 1. Open DroidCam on your phone and click on your Wi-Fi network.
Step 2. Open Chrome or Edge browser on your PC or laptop and input the details for 'Browser IP Cam Access.'
Turning a Smartphone into a webcam is a simple procedure that may help you enhance the quality of your webcam recordings. DroidCam is a cross-platform, lightweight program with a simple setup procedure, which includes installing the DroidCam application and Client. While the commercial version has more options, the freeware provides WiFi and USB connectivity so that phones may be used in webcam mode.
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Adapting pediatric psychology interventions: lessons learned in treating families from the middle East.
ABSTRACT Pediatric psychologists are increasingly called upon to treat children from non-Western countries, whose cultures may contrast with a Western medical setting. Research on cultural adaptations of evidence-based treatments (EBTs), particularly for individuals from the Middle East, is sparse. To address this need, we discuss clinical issues encountered when working with patients from the Middle East.
Synthesis of the literature regarding culturally adapted EBTs and common themes in Middle Eastern culture. Case vignettes illustrate possible EBT adaptations.
Integrating cultural values in treatment is an opportunity to join with patients and families to optimize care. Expectations for medical and psychological treatment vary, and collaborations with cultural liaisons are beneficial.
Critical next steps include systematic development, testing, and training in culturally adapting EBTs in pediatric medical settings. Increased dialogue between clinicians, researchers, and cultural liaisons is needed to share knowledge and experiences to enhance patient care.


The Meaning of "Higher Order"
The phrase "higher order" is used throughout logic and computer science, though not necessarily with a precise or consistent meaning in all cases.
In logic, first-order quantification refers to the kind of universal and existential (\forall and \exists) quantifiers that you see in CS 2800. These let you quantify over some domain of interest, such as the natural numbers. But for any given quantification, say x\forall x, the variable being quantified represents an individual element of that domain, say the natural number 42.
Second-order quantification lets you do something strictly more powerful, which is to quantify over properties of the domain. Properties are assertions about individual elements, for example, that a natural number is even, or that it is prime. In some logics we can equate properties with sets of individual, for example the set of all even naturals. So second-order quantification is often thought of as quantification over sets. You can also think of properties as being functions that take in an element and return a Boolean indicating whether the element satisfies the property; this is called the characteristic function of the property.
Third-order logic would allow quantification over properties of properties, and fourth-order over properties of properties of properties, and so forth. Higher-order logic refers to all these logics that are more powerful than first-order logic; though one interesting result in this area is that all higher-order logics can be expressed in second-order logic.
In programming languages, first-order functions similarly refer to functions that operate on individual data elements (e.g., strings, ints, records, variants, etc.). Whereas higher-order function can operate on functions, much like higher-order logics can quantify over over properties (which are like functions).
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Whether male or female, athletes want to know what nutrition habits can help them perform at their peak. Carl will discuss some of the latest findings regarding nutrition tips in the first hour.
Towards the end of the previous decade it was determined that the Medical College of Georgia (MCG) had to make some major changes if they would survive, much less thrive. They needed a leader who would help put together a plan to keep MCG alive and moving forward into the future. The man chosen? Don Snell. Listen as he shares with Carl the changes that have been made since he assumed the leadership of MCG and how they've impacted the institution and surrounding cities.


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This post contains reasons why you should not laminate certificates and other documents, am sure it will convince you not to ever laminate certificates & documents again.
I was reading through some posts on Nairaland when I saw a question asked by a Nairalander, he wanted to know the "effects of lamination of certificates?" Then, I decided to write about the major disadvantages why you should not laminate certificates and other vital documents.
What Is Lamination?
Lamination is a process whereby thin layers of transparent polythene nylon is joined together to protect paper documents such as certificates, results, testimonials etc.
Why Do People Laminate Certificates?
Here are some important reasons why people seem to laminate their certificates/documents below…
1. Lamination protects paper materials from getting damaged by fluid, dust/dirts, grease and hampered edges.
2. It's believed that lamination elongates the life span of important document like certificates, results and so on.
3. It improves the strength, quality and appearance of the product.
There are more to it but those are the most important reasons why people often opt in for a lamination. A lot of people make believe what isn't supposed to be true. However, laminating certificates, pictures and other paper materials isn't utterly advantageous, there are cons attached to it. Below are reasons you should not laminate certificates & other documents.
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READ: 12 Things You Never Knew About Setting Up A Strong Password


Columns | May 22, 2009 19:23
What baby names can tell you about chess openings
Baby names and chess openingsIf you have kids, you've probably thought hard about how to name your child. Should you choose a'special' kind of name, or rather a very trendy or well-known one? Popularity is an important aspect when it comes to choosing virtually anything. The same goes for chess openings: do you want to go for popular main lines or for 'off beat' variations?
Both options come with their own advantages and disadvantages. A trendy baby name may suggest a popular baby - and trendy parents - but a special name will suggest a special child. Likewise, playing a trendy chess opening will imply theoretical knowledge and opting for an obscure variation will suggest more independence and creativity. A lot has been written about the popularity of baby names (see, for example, the chapter 'What's in a name' in Steven Pinker's recent book The Stuff of Thought and the chapter 'Would a Roshanda by any other name smell as sweet' in the book Freakonomics by Levitt and Dubner). But why do baby names (and chess openings) start to lose their popularity at some point? Is it merely that more and more people become 'fed up' with it, or is there more going on? Recent research in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (May 2009) on baby names suggests a solution: the rate at which a cultural trend becomes popular, is also indicative of its decline. As one Scienceblogs article on the research put it: "the faster the rise to prominence, the steeper the fall from grace."
The researchers, Jonah Berger and Gael Le Mens, looked at the changing popularities of first names in France and the USA over the last 100 years. They found that parents were less inclined to give their children names that had become very popular very fast, regardless of the overall popularity of these names. The names Tricia and Krisi, for example, became very popular very fast in the 60s, and lost their appeal in the 70s equally quickly, whereas the name Charlene slowly gained in popularity and also declined much slower than Tricia and Kristi. The reason? "Fads are perceived negatively, so people avoid identity-relevant items with sharply increasing popularity because they believe that they will be short lived."
Of course, chess openings are much more than just a cultural trend. In chess, unlike fashion, popularity is not merely subjective - it's also highly objective: a losing line won't be played much. That's why nobody plays the Damiano Defence (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f6?) these days. A 'hard refutation' can simply kill a chess line's popularity instantly. But what about lines that are not known to be refuted, or even known to be inferior? Might their popularity also be dependent on the idea that they might be'short lived'? I have always wondered whether adopting a particular variation isn't also part of one's image. Apart from any objectivity - isn't it cool to play popular lines?
I realize this is a different point of view that most chess players will think of. They will, of course, accept that chess lines are subject to change in popularity, but my guess is they will try to analyse this change in terms of chess theoretical developments: novelties, strong players starting to experiment with the line, matches being played with it, etc. Indeed, in a recent discussion on this site, many posters gave reasons for why certain openings fluctuated in popularity over time. But these were all reasons to do with chess. In this article, I want to see if there are other reasons for adopoting a particular line or not. I want to raise the possibility that chess openings, like baby names, can be a cultural trend, subject to sociological and psychological forces.
Take, for instance, the 7...Qc7 line of the Winawer variation of the French Defence, a pretty cool and exciting line which I have analysed myself a lot of times:
French WinawerIn a recent issue of ChessVibes Openings, Merijn van Delft and Robert Ris noted that this line became increasingly inpopular in the 90s, even though nobody seemed to know why. In top grandmaster games, Black was usually fine after the opening, and Black even seemed to score better than usual with this line. But all of sudden, Black players just switched to 7...0-0 without an apparent reason. (Now, by the way, 7...Qc7 seems to be back on the scene.) What was going on? If the reasons for the change couldn't be related to particular objective developments such as games or novelties, maybe there were other, more subjective different reasons.
I found myself wondering whether Berger and Le Mens' conclusions also played a role in the popularity decline of this particular variation. Could the mere speed with which the variation became popular be of influence to its eventual decline? To test this, I decided to do a little research of my own. In ChessBase MegaBase 2008, I counted all games in which the diagrammed position occurred between 1980 and 2004 over a reperiod of 5 years. For instance, in the period _PHONE_, the position occurred in 47 out of 96230 games, i.e. 0,048%. In 2000-2004, the position occurred in 737 out of _PHONE_ games, i.e. 0,062%, and so on. To make sure I hadn't overlooked some kind of'refutation' of the line, I also checked the score results of these games, but I didn't find any strange results compared to the overall results of chess games in this period. (The average was around 54% for White.)
This was the easy part. Chess databases are a real gold mine for this kind of research, actually, but the problems only start here. One important question is: how to measure the popularity of a particular opening variation? First, I decided that it would be best to take all Qc7-Winawer games played - not only the ones played by grandmasters or titled players. This may be surprising to some readers, but I believe I had good reasons for it: 1. the number (N) of games would be bigger, and thus more likely to say anything significant; 2. there is no reason to assume that the popularity of a line doesn't go beyond the top level of chess players; 3. Berger and Le Mens research also didn't exclude particular groups or classes of people; and, most importantly, 4. because including all games in the sample rules out the possibility that a certain small group of players (namely, the elite) simply became bored with it or couldn't surprise their (also elite) opponents with it anymore.
Thus, the popularity of the line (P) in a particular period would simply be defined as the percentage of games played with that line of all the games played. By comparing periods, something could be said about the rate of decline and increase of popularity over time. (One possible problem with this method is that comparing different time periods may not be such a straightforward task in chess databases, since these databases contain vastly more games, and by weaker players on average, for later periods due to the rise of digital game storage and the internet.)
I must confess I was pretty excited when I starting counting and found that in the period _PHONE_ (a period for which I recalled the Winawer becoming more and more popular), the popularity of the Winawer variation indeed seemed to increase slowly but steadily until around 1986. In 1980, P was 0,006%, in 1986 it had gone up to 0,019%. But in 1987 it suddenly took flight: P for 1987 was 0,028%, for 1988 it was 0,038% and in 1989 it had grown to 0,042%. Within a three year's period, the popularity of the Winawer had more than doubled! And then, in 1990, the popularity of the Winawer suddenly sunk back to 0,017%. Here are the results in a graph:
Winawer popularity
Sure enough, these data seem to support the conclusions of the baby name research. Here, too, we see a sharp decline in popularity right after a sharp increase in the preceding period. After that, the variation has never again been as popular as it was then. But as usual, doubt soon crept in. Even assuming the results of the opening (on top level) didn't affect the overall popularity of the variation (if anything, the variation scored better in the 5 year period right after it was abandoned), what did the data tell me, exactly?
In the baby name research, the popularity of a name was measured in comparison to the popularity of other baby names. But my little research didn't say anything about other opening lines (such as the Rubinstein French, or indeed the Sicilian). To be able to draw any conclusions, I had to include other opening lines in my data as well. As co-editor Merijn van Delft pointed out to me recently, you can't measure the popularity of the 6.Be3 Najdorf without taking into account the status of the Poisoned Pawn variation, which arises after 6.Bg5! It soon became clear that this would be an enormous amount of work - interesting work which, regrettably, has to wait until further notice.
But even so, I think it's definitely possible that in the


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History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
For most of the last 50 years, privately owned horses could be boarded at the stables and pastures of WRSHP. Unfortunately, the demands of running a boarding stable sometimes conflicted with preserving the Park as a public memorial to Will Rogers. Horse boarding—for the explicit purpose of establishing a regular polo program—began in 1952. At first, there were 19 boarded horses, but by 1968 there were 85 horses. By 1974 the limit had been raised to 100 horses, but 114 were actually living at the Park. During Will Rogers' lifetime, only 20 to 30 horses were on the ranch. The growth in boarding accompanied increasing public complaints of exclusivity and monopoly, finally provoking an investigation by the State Auditor General in 1974. The Auditor General found that the concessionaire had constructed new facilities without approval, and that the number of horses maintained in the park consistently exceeded the allowable maximum. It also reported testimony that the public was effectively excluded from some parts of the unit.
The Department adopted a Horse Management Plan in September, 1979. The objective of the plan was to provide more access for the visiting public and complete interpretation of the grounds at the Park. It contained the following policies:
- Continue horse presence in the unit;
- Continue polo games;
- Limit horses stabled on the grounds to 32;
- Restore Hart and Mitt Canyons [which had been cluttered with pipe corrals]; and
- Maintenance of the Stable should be a Department responsibility.
This plan remained in effect as a Commission policy until superseded in 1992 by a General Plan for the Park. The General Plan raised the maximum number of boarded horses from 32 to 45. A series of concessionaires ran equestrian activities at the Park until 1997. Initially, the Department received no fees from the concessionaires, who were expected to maintain the Polo Field in exchange for use of the facilities.
Beginning in 1963, the Department began receiving payments as well as specifying maintenance obligations. By 1967 Park managers were beginning to look to these contracts as a source of revenue. Although the Department had separate contracts for polo, riding lessons, and trail riding, it decided to combine all equestrian operations into a single concession. The idea was that a single equestrian operation would "be allowed to generate sufficient income to maintain all facilities and to coordinate all horse activities." The goal of generating income to maintain all Park facilities seems to have driven subsequent concession contracts.
By the early 1960s, complaints were mounting about the concessions. Under the initial polo contract, there was a great deal of resentment at the so-called monopoly that the concessionaire enjoyed. Once other equestrian activities were added to the concession contract, there were complaints that the number of horses exceeded the contract limit, and that the horses caused erosion problems.
By the early 1980s, the Department received citizen complaints of irregularities in the polo operation, of failure to maintain the facilities, and of exclusion of non-boarder equestrians from the park. At about this time, Will Rogers' family began to express concerns over restricting public access to the Park and inadequate maintenance of the historic Stable. Other public comments received on the draft General Plan expressed concern that the equestrian activities offered did not reflect those of the historic era, when Will Rogers played polo and enjoyed roping on his ranch. To balance the concerns about the historic Stable and the need to generate revenue to maintain the Park, the General Plan allows only 10 horses to be boarded in the stable, while raising the total number in the park to 45.
In the early 1990s, the Will Rogers Cooperative Association ran the concession. The Association's goal was to use the funds generated by the equestrian operations to restore the historic facilities and support interpretive programs. Perhaps exacerbated by the immediate need to remove boarded horses from the Stable during the restoration of that structure, their tenure was involved from the beginning in controversy with the boarders and the polo club.
When the Cooperative Association's four-year tenure ended in 1997, the Department attempted to change its approach to the situation. It contracted with a manager to run the equestrian operations, while turning maintenance of the Stable over to Park staff. When criticism continued, a second management contract was tried. Finally, the Department established the equestrian operation as a lease in February, 2000.


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ados, but he could have passed through on his way from England to the
Carolinas. Thus, his lack of evidence in the Barbados record is not a strike against
him in so far as the possibility of his existence.
If there were no Abel or John Alleyne Culpeper, a plausible explanation for them
is that Alleyne was actually their surname and that they were being raised in the
household of their William and Margaret (Alleyne) Culpeper.
It is quite clear from the 1680 census
that both an Abel Alleyne and several John Alleynes were living in Barbados in 1680.
I have been unsuccessful in identifying any orphaned Abel and John Alleynes of
the appropriate age, although this doesn't rule out the possibility of their being
orphans, since the extant records are far from complete. If they were not orphans, then
the illness of, or travel back to England by, their parents might also explain Abel and
John Alleyne being in the Culpeper household at whatever time somebody drew the conclusion
that they were Culpepers.
If Abel Alleyne and John Alleyne, as opposed to Abel Culpeper and John Alleyne
Culpeper were documented in the table above, then the table would contain an abundance of
preand post-1670 entries for them.
Given the preceding facts that call into question the
existence of a John Alleyne Culpeper, particularly in Barbados, it seems to me that this
theory is still speculative and that only a tenuous link exists from the apocryphal John
Alleyne Culpeper in Barbados to the Rebel in the late 1670's.
Even if it is proved that the Rebel was born in 1644, and
therefore most likely to be one and the same as "John, friend of Armel," more
research is needed before the ancestry of the Rebel can be established.
Last Revised: 01 Apr 2010


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Frank Lloyd Wright is possibly the most prolific and revered architect in all of American history. He pioneered revolutionary techniques and styles that are replicated countless times across the American architectural landscape. But did Wright build homes in location-efficient places? Today we will explore two of his most well-known works: The Fallingwater House in Stewart Township, Pennsylvania, and the Robie House in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago.
Today these structures are museums rather than anyone's home, but we were still curious to see what a typical family living there would pay for transportation. We at Abogo wouldn't mind living in what must feel like a tree house. But what happens when we eventually have to step outside to work, shop, or meet up with friends? What kind of transportation costs would a typical family living in Fallingwater encounter?
The Fallingwater House, finished in 1937, is a revolutionary piece of organic architecture that integrates the structure of a man-made building with the brilliant resonance of its natural surroundings.
Architectural lore is that Wright designed the house in one sitting of less than three hours, which is remarkable given the international accreditation it has since received. Let's take a look at the current monthly transportation costs a resident could expect.
Given an average gas price in the region of $3.50/gallon, transportation costs would average nearly $1,250/month. That's more than a 20 percent increase in the cost in 2000.
This high monthly average is due to a number of factors, stemming from its location. The Fallingwater House was built as a rural weekend retreat, and to this day it remains in a very rural area. Stewart Township has a population density of only about 15 people per square mile and does not have public transit for the region. Walking and biking are certainly pleasant given the spectacular scenery; however, the nearest grocery store is over six miles away. Residents of Fallingwater and their neighbors may want to invest in fuel-efficient cars to keep transportation costs as low as possible.
The Robie House is a similarly revered work, completed by Wright in 1910. Located right next to the University of Chicago, it is a prime example of the Prairie Style of architecture. However, the building has faced the threat of demolition multiple times. One was so serious that a 90-year-old Wright visited the site to protest. Thankfully it is now a Chicago Landmark, which protects the building from demolition, and the Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust maintains the building.
Let's take a look at the transportation costs one could expect living in the Robie House.
Despite higher gas prices in Chicago, $794/month in transportation costs is markedly better than the cost of getting around if you lived in Fallingwater. The increase in transportation costs for Robie House over the past decade is a relatively modest 14 percent.
Chicago has a population density of 11,864 people per square mile, which provides both the resources and incentives for efficient public transit options. A 30-day pass on the CTA, which will take you anywhere in Chicago and even Evanston to the north, is only $86. Likewise, there are many businesses and amenities within a short distance, making walking and biking to destinations much more feasible. Having options other than the car makes average transportation costs less reliant on gas prices, keeping the average more stable over time.
What's your favorite Frank Lloyd Wright home? Do you think transportation costs there are more similar to Fallingwater House or Robie House? Plug the address into Abogo and let us know what you find out!


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Linearly Ordered Groups and CH
26 Feb 2021 -
Earlier today Jonathan Alcaraz gave a GSS talk about Linearly Ordered (LO) Groups, which are a fun topic with connections to dynamics, topology, geometric group theory, etc. This reminded me of a problem I told myself to think about a while ago, and so I decided to finally do that. After a bit of thought, a friend from CMU (Pedro Marun) and I were able to figure it out. This post is going to be somewhat more meandering than usual (if you can imagine such a thing), because I want to showcase what the flow of thoughts was in solving the problem. At the end I'll clean things up and write them linearly.
I guess we should start with what a LO Group is, but it's pretty much what it says on the tin:
A (Left) Linearly Ordered Group is a group $G$ equipped with a total order $\leq$ which is compatible with (left) multiplication in the following sense:
\(g_1 \leq g_2 \quad \implies \quad hg_1 \leq hg_2\)
I first heard of LO Groups from an exercise in Marker's "Model Theory: An Introduction", where an exercise has you use compactness to show every torsion free abelian group admits a compatible linear order. I heard about them again on mse, to the surprise of nobody. Somebody asked for examples of finitely generated left orderable groups. I knew about the abelian example because of Marker, but I was curious about nonabelian examples.
This led me down a rabbit hole of papers to skim, including Katheryn Mann's "Left Orderable Groups that Don't Act on the Line" (see here). This paper mentions a classical result:
A countable group is LO if and only if it embeds in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$, the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of $\mathbb{R}$.
The order on $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ is as follows:
Enumerate \(\mathbb{Q} = \{q_n\}\). Then we say $f \lt g$ exactly when $f q_i \lt g q_i$, where $i$ is least with $f q_i \neq g q_i$ (this is more or less the lex order on $\prod_{\omega} \mathbb{R}$).
As soon as I saw this, I wondered if anything was special about "countable" here. If we assume the Continuum Hypothesis (CH) fails, what can we say about other LO groups of size $\lt \mathfrak{c}$? Do they all have to embed in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ as well?
I keep a list of "problems to think about", so I added this and left some brief thoughts before going back to answering mse questions.
When Jonathan brought up this theorem in his talk, it reminded me to think about that problem. I found a proof of the result to see if it immediately worked for larger cardinalities, and much to my surprise it relies heavily on the countability of $G$! This is a summary of a proof from Clay and Rolfsen's "Ordered Groups and Topology" (see here), Theorem 2.23.
$\ulcorner$ Let $G$ be countable and LO. Then by looking at $G \times \mathbb{Q}$ with the lex order, we can assume $G$'s ordering is dense. Moreover, it is easy to see that $G$ is torsion free, so for any element $g$, there is always some $g_L \lt g$ and some $g_R \gt g$ ($g^{-1}$ works for one, and $g^2$ for the other).
So $G$ is a countable dense linear order without endpoints! If you're a logician your heart should be leaping now. Cantor's famed back and forth argument shows that any such ordering is isomorphic (as an order) to $(\mathbb{Q}, \lt)$. It was really exciting to see this familiar face pop up in this proof! But since $(G, \lt) \cong (\mathbb{Q}, \lt)$ embeds densely in $(\mathbb{R}, \lt)$, we can extend the left action of $G$ on itself to a homeomorphism of $\mathbb{R}$. $\lrcorner$
This theorem relies on a back and forth argument for most of the heavy lifting, and that argument fails spectacularly for uncountable cardinalities. In fact, for any uncountable $\kappa$ there are $2^\kappa$ nonisomorphic dense linear orders without endpoints of cardinality $\kappa$ (see here, for instance). This made me start wondering if the theorem is actually false for groups of size, say, $\aleph_1$.
I texted Pedro, a close friend and set theorist, with some ideas that he pretty quickly found flaws in. He had a good idea, though, and reminded me that $\mathbb{R}$ doesn't contain any chains of length $\omega_1$. That is, there's no monotone function $f : \omega_1 \to \mathbb{R}$.
I thought if we could find a LO group $G$ with some $\omega_1$ chain, then we should be done. My thought process was baiscally:
Of course, this turned out to be wrong too. It's not hard to find homeomorphisms $f \lt g$ where $fx \not \lt gx$. It was a good start, though, on the way to the right answer.
If nothing else, we should just build such a group to show we know how, right? This is a simple compactness argument:
So we've successfully found a LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which contains an increasing chain of length $\omega_1$… But didn't we say this doesn't actually solve our problem?
This is where I remembered a fact from Descriptive Set Theory: For a compact metric space $X$, we actually know that \(\text{Homeo}(X)\) is polish (see Kechris's "Classical Descriptive Set Theory", I.9B, example 8). There's a classic argument that $\mathbb{R}$ doesn't contain any chains of length $\omega_1$ which seems to only use separability1, and the dream would be to show this continues to hold in a general polish space.
Of course, we also need to check that \(\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\) is actually polish. The above theorem only guarantees polishness for compact spaces $X$, and the reals are (among other things) not compact.
First, I searched for "borel ordering" in Kechris's book, and found a reference to Harrington, Marker, and Shelah's "Borel Orderings" (see here). Corollary 3.2 gives exactly what we want2, but it's phrased in terms of subsets of $\mathbb{R}$… But now we know what to search for, and we quickly find a mse question which cites the paper and makes me feel confident that I'm not misinterpreting it.
All that's left is to show $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ is really polish, but our journey ends like it began, on mse.
As a nice exercise, can you show that the order on $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ really is borel? That is, can you show
\[\{ (f,g) ~|~ f \leq g \} \subseteq \text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R}) \times \text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\]
is a borel subset?
Ok. Now that the exposition is out of the way, we're holding a draft of a proof in our heads. It was a wandering path, but look how deceptively simple it looks once we organize our thoughts and write it down:
Theorem ($\lnot \mathsf{CH}$):
There exists a LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which does not embed in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$
$\ulcorner$ Since $(\mathbb{Z}, \lt)$ is an infinite LO group, a standard logical compactness argument furnishes an LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which contains an increasing sequence \(\{g_\alpha\}\) of length $\omega_1$. Call such a group $G$.
Then since \(\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\) is a polish space (cf. here) and its ordering is borel, a theorem of Shelah and Harrington (cf. Corollary 3.2 here) shows that no chain of length $\omega_1$ can exist in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$.
Since $G$ contains such a chain, it cannot embed into $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$. $\lrcorner$
Can you believe that teeny little proof took hours of reading and thinking (times two people, no less!) to figure out? It really makes you appreciate how much work goes into


fundamental building blocks and we can proceed with the implementation of the algorithm.
The idea is to have a function that given
 - a key
 - a root interval
 - a list of intervals
it works out the list of notes. In terms of inputs, it seems the above is all we need to correctly work out scales, chords, and - by extension - also harmonizations. Mind that the root interval doesn't have to be part of the list of intervals, that is simply the interval to start from based on the given key.
Giving a note as a starting point is not good enough since some scales simply don't exist for some notes (e.g. G♯ major scale doesn't exist in the major key, and G♭minor scale doesn't exist in any minor key).
Before progressing to the implementation, please consider the following unit tests that should make sense to you:
func test_noteSequence_C_1() {
 let key: Key =.C
 let noteSequence = try! engine.noteSequence(customKey: key.associatedCustomKey,
 intervals: [._1,._2maj,._3maj,._4,._5,._6maj,._7maj])
 let expectedValue: NoteSequence = [.C,.D,.E,.F,.G,.A,.B]
 XCTAssertEqual(noteSequence, expectedValue)
func test_noteSequence_withRoot_C_3maj_majorScaleIntervals() {
 let key = Key.C
 let noteSequence = try! engine.noteSequence(customKey: key.associatedCustomKey,
 rootInterval:._3maj,
 let expectedValue: NoteSequence = [.E,.Fs,.Gs,.A,.B,.Cs,.Ds]
 XCTAssertEqual(noteSequence, expectedValue)
func test_noteSequence_withRoot_Gsmin_3maj_alteredScaleIntervals() {
 let key = Key.Gs_min
 let noteSequence = try! engine.noteSequence(customKey: key.associatedCustomKey,
 rootInterval:._3maj,
 intervals: [._1aug,._2maj,._3dim,._4dim,._5aug,._6dim,._7dim])
 let expectedValue: NoteSequence = [.Bs,.Cs,.Df,.Ef,.Fss,.Gf,.Af]
 XCTAssertEqual(noteSequence, expectedValue)
and here is the implementation. Let's consider a simple case, so it's easier to follow:
 - key = C major
 - root interval = 3maj
 - interval = major scale interval (1, 2maj, 3min, 4, 5, 6maj, 7min)
if you music theory allowed you to understand the above unit tests, you would expect the output to be: E, F♯, G, A, B, C♯, D (which is a Dorian scale).
 1. we start by shifting the notes of the C key to position the 3rd degree (based on the 3maj) as the first element of the array, getting the note sequence E, F, G, A, B, C, D;
 2. here's the first interesting bit: we then get the list of intervals by calculating the number of semitones from the root to any other note in the sequence and working out the corresponding Interval:
 1_perfect, 2_minor, 3_minor, 4_perfect, 5_perfect, 6_minor, 7_minor;
 3. we now have all we need to create a CustomKey which is pretty much a Key (with notes and intervals) but instead of being an enum with pre-defined values, is a struct;
 4. here's the second tricky part: return the notes by mapping the input intervals. Applying to each note in the custom key the accidental needed to match the desired interval. In our case, the only 2 intervals to 'adjust' are the 2nd and the 6th intervals, both minor in the custom key but major in the list of intervals. So we have to apply a sharp accidental to 'correct' them.
👀 I've used force unwraps in these examples for simplicity, the code might already look complex by itself.
class CoreEngine {
 func noteSequence(customKey: CustomKey,
 rootInterval: Interval =._1,
 intervals: [Interval]) throws -> NoteSequence {
 // 1.
 let noteSequence = customKey.shiftedNotes(by:
 let firstNoteInShiftedSequence = noteSequence.first!
 // 2.
 let adjustedIntervals = try noteSequence.enumerated().map {
 try interval(from: firstNoteInShiftedSequence,
 to: $1,
 targetDegree: Degree(rawValue: $0)!)
 // 3.
 let customKey = CustomKey(notes: noteSequence,
 intervals: adjustedIntervals)
 // 4.
 return try {
 let referenceInterval = customKey.firstIntervalWithDegree($!
 let note = customKey.notes[$]
 let accidental = try referenceInterval.type.accidental(to: $0.type)
 return try note.noteByApplyingAccidental(accidental)
It's worth showing the implementation of the methods used above:
private func numberOfSemitones(from sourceNote: Note,
 to targetNote: Note) -> Int {
 let notesGroupedBySameTone: [[Note]] = [
 [.C,.Bs,.Dff],
 [.Cs,.Df,.Bss],
 [.D,.Eff,.Css],
 [.Ds,.Ef,.Fff],
 [.E,.Dss,.Ff],
 [.F,.Es,.Gff],
 [.Fs,.Ess,.Gf],
 [.G,.Fss,.Aff],
 [.Gs,.Af],
 [.A,.Gss,.Bff],
 [.As,.Bf,.Cff],
 [.B,.Cf,.Ass]
 let startIndex = notesGroupedBySameTone.firstIndex { $0.contains(sourceNote)}!
 let endIndex = notesGroupedBySameTone.firstIndex { $0.contains(targetNote)}!
 return endIndex >= startIndex? endIndex - startIndex : (notesGroupedBySameTone.count - startIndex) + endIndex
private func interval(from sourceNote: Note,
 to targetNote: Note,
 targetDegree: Degree) throws -> Interval {
 let semitones = numberOfSemitones(from: sourceNote, to: targetNote)
 let targetType: IntervalType = try {
 switch targetDegree {
 case._1,._8:
 return.perfect
 case._4:
 switch semitones {
 case 4:
 return.diminished
 case 5:
 return.perfect
 case 6:
 return.augmented
 throw CustomError.invalidConfiguration
 case._7:
 switch semitones {
 case 9:
 return.minorMajorDiminished
 case 10:
 return.minor
 case 11:
 return.major
 case 0:
 return.minorMajorAugmented
 throw CustomError.invalidConfiguration
 return Interval(degree: targetDegree, type: targetType)
the Note's noteByApplyingAccidental method:
 let newAccidental = try self.accidental.apply(accidental)
 return Note(naturalNote: naturalNote, accidental: newAccidental)
and the Accidental's apply method:
func apply(_ accidental: Accidental) throws -> Accidental {
 switch (self, accidental) {
 case (.flat,.flatFlatFlat):
 throw CustomError.invalidApplicationOfAccidental
 case (.flat,.flatFlat):
 return.flatFlatFlat
 case (.flat,.flat):
 return.flatFlat
 case (.flat,.natural):
 return.flat
 case (.flat,.sharp):
 return.natural
 case (.flat,.sharpSharp):
 return.sharp
 case (.flat,.sharpSharpSharp):
 return.sharpSharp
 case (.natural,.flatFlatFlat):
 return.flatFlatFlat
 case (.natural,.flatFlat):
 return.flatFlat
 case (.natural,.flat):
 return.flat
 case (.natural,.natural):
 return.natural
 case (.natural,.sharp):
 return.sharp
 case (.natural,.sharpSharp):
 return.sharpSharp
 case (.natural,.sharpSharpSharp):
 return.sharpSharpSharp
With the above engine ready (and 💯﹪ unit tested!), we can now proceed to use it to work out what we ultimately need (scales, chords, and harmonizations).
extension CoreEngine {
 func scale(note: Note, scaleIdentifier: Identifier) throws -> NoteSequence {...}
 func chord(note: Note, chordIdentifier: Identifier) throws -> NoteSequence {...}
 func harmonization(key: Key, harmonizationIdentifier: Identifier) throws -> NoteSequence {...}
 func chordSignatures(note: Note, scaleHarmonizationIdentifier: Identifier) throws -> [ChordSignature] {...}
 func harmonizations(note: Note, scaleHarmonizationIdentifier: Identifier) throws -> [NoteSequence] {...}
There's more to it but with this post I only wanted to outline the overall idea.
The default database is available on GitHub at albertodebortoli


What's Your Definition Of An Informatics Pharmacist?
For pharmacists who have transitioned into this area, most would agree that the industry has not yet settled on an accepted definition. Although ASHP has defined what they feel an Informatics Pharmacist is, there's not necessarily consistency in terms of how it's used to describe the positions that are being created within hospitals across the country.
Hospitals may use the ASHP definition to create a position description for a newly created role within their pharmacy, but inevitably the description will be based upon tasks that the department and organization need to be performed within the new position. It's at this point that the extra tasks that don't seem to fall neatly into any position are sometimes included in the position being created.
[eBook: How Pharmacy Informatics are Evolving to Improve Patient Care]
The bottom line is, there are no common definitions that separate the two. At this point within the industry, there's no standard that I've seen accepted broadly. Healthcare organizations are defining the skill and knowledge that need to be performed by someone in the pharmacy based on the technology and software that the pharmacy uses. The organization then decides if that person is better based in the pharmacy or the IT department.
In many organizations, this is influenced by which departments have the money for the position, or which department will have the ultimate responsibility for either implementing or supporting the technology once it's been installed. The two are really defined by the responsibilities that are assigned to the specific positions within the organization. What I then find is that if the position resides in the pharmacy, then you have an Informatics Pharmacist; if the position resides in the IT department, then you have an IT Pharmacist.
Below are responses to this question from our podcast series.
In your opinion, what's the difference between an IT Pharmacist and an Informatics Pharmacist?
Informatics Pharmacist
"In my mind, an informatics pharmacist specializes or is knowledgeable in the total medication process, from ordering to administration, and is responsible for effective process design, development, and implementation of the Electronic Medical Record and Clinical Decision Support. The informatics pharmacist should support pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and other clinicians as the resource for requests related to PharmNet, PowerChart, Discern rule changes and additions." — Tom Zogiab
"The informatics pharmacist, on the other hand, is more of a specialist who turns that pharmacy data into information. What I mean by that is, he/she will do an analysis of the pharmacy data, the clinical data, the cost data, and that type of functional data to improve clinical outcome, cost control and, ultimately, system optimization. One is more of a product specialist and the other takes that data and turns it into useful information." — Dave Wolfe
"When I hear the term Informatics Pharmacist, I think of a clinically trained pharmacist using that knowledge to improve information systems as they relate to the medication-use process." — Ron Burnett
"The informaticists do the same as the IT pharmacists but are more deeply involved in how systems are integrating with one another and how to use data between systems to help their fellow pharmacists up on the floors or in the main pharmacy to be able to do some different things." — Dave Stansbury
IT Pharmacist
"The IT Pharmacist is responsible for the technical aspects resulting from the information acquired from the informatics pharmacist and attempting to give the informatics pharmacist a working model of their request or vision of their electronic process." — Tom Zogiab
"I view an IT Pharmacist as a functional expert who understands the implementation, the maintenance, and the workflow of the pharmacy system, and how they function and interface in other systems." — Dave Wolfe
"When I hear the term IT Pharmacist, I think of a pharmacist working in the IT department as an analyst, who may or may not use a lot of their clinical background. " — Ron Burnett
"The IT pharmacist is more the IT person in the pharmacy who is doing the day-to-day maintenance, upgrading systems, and a bit of interface." — Dave Stansbury
"In the purest sense of the form, the informatics is about collecting, analyzing, pushing, and pulling data, and information technology is more about the hardware and the software, focusing more on how the operational things work inside of technology. If you look closely, those terms are really interchangeable inside a pharmacy. There's no really great definition or differentiation between the two, and that's indicative if you look at ASHP: the name of their section is the ASHP section for pharmacy informatics and technology. And if you look at job descriptions, they're all over the board. Honestly, those two terms currently are interchangeable. I think the job, in itself, is in its infancy and so, as it continues to grow, I don't know if those are eventually going to be separated back out or not. That's currently how I see the difference and similarities between those two terms. So if you're talking to somebody and you say informatics pharmacist or IT pharmacist, you're basically talking about the same person." — Jerry Fahrni
The impact of pharmacy informatics on patient care has been profound. Download our eBook to learn how this has improved patient care.
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text:
A consortium of experts from Scotland and Sweden claims to have struck a blow against one of the biggest drawbacks to visiting sunny foreign climes, sunburn.
Every year, thousands of poorly prepared holidaymakers succumb to the painful and potentially dangerous effects of soaking up too much sun, not only abroad, but also on those rare sunny intervals in the UK. Now, researchers from the University of Strathclyde, in Scotland, have teamed up with Swedish organisation, Intellego Technologies, to create a wristband that warns sunbathers when they are about to enter the danger zone.
The paper wrist monitor changes colour when exposed to varying amounts of Ultra-Violet radiation, the harmful content of light beams emitted by the sun's rays. In prolonged sunlight, the narrow band changes from its yellow starting colour, to pink, alerting the wearer that they should consider covering up or taking shelter. The developers of the band are confident that its sensitivity to UV radiation can be tweaked so that they can produce different bands for different skin types.
According to reports, the inventors believe that as their band is disposable after use, they would be unlikely to market it for more than £0.10.
Reported in the Daily Mail, Claes Lindahl, the founder of Intellego Technologie, said, 'We are very excited about the UV dosimeter technology and we look forward to developing it further and commercialising it. There is a substantial need out in the market for a functional UV dosimeter and we look forward to continuing the process.'


text:
Educators Curate Content Leveraging Scoop.It
Content curation is getting a lot of "press" in the field of education. While not my area of expertise, it is easy to see thoughtful, dedicated teachers looking for creative ways to provide education content for the students. Matt Tschoegl provides insight in how Educators can use Scoop.It to enhance the discovery and presentation of Internet content for their subject matter…
Scoop.it is a freemium service (more on that below) that allows you to create a web page to share
It does that by (1) combining clever curation tools that make it easy to gather content in one place with (2) a reasonably wide range of sharing functionalities to let people know about your page.what you find interesting with the world.
What Can You Do With It?
Here are are some practical ideas that people have already come up with on how to put Scoop.it to good use:
- Create a simple webpage for a single topic. If you are teaching about a specific topic (a holiday, country, person, etc.) in some depth, you can aggregate articles on the subject matter on one page. See here about a teacher who used it to make a Ground Hog's Day page.
- Publish a magazine for colleagues or like-minded types on what you think are interesting or pertinent topics. An example can be found here as well as links to other useful web applications.
- Organizing in one location materials that you might use across different classes. You can use a Scoop.it page to aggregate educational videos, online quizzes, spelling resources, and other similar stuff. These guys/gals can show you how to do it.
- If you are teaching about an active news item, you can use Scoop.it curation tools to create a page that is constantly updated with the latest items on the topic. Here is more about how to go about doing that.
- Or use it to create your own lightweight, low-maintenance blog with automated content addition. Take a look at this Scoop.it pagemaintained by this teacher.
Brian Weaver provides hands on insight into leveraging Scoop.It for the classroom:
Instructions on using scoop.it for the classroom
Filed under: Curation for Education
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