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Solid Wood Panels
A Solid Wood Panel (SWP) is a method of construction that uses timber to form load-bearing solid timber wall, floor and roof panels. Structural openings, such as doors and windows, are incorporated within the panels. In many cases only insulation and cladding is added to the external face to achieve high standards of thermal performance.
The methodology of layering, stacking and fastening softwood boards to create panels is what differentiates the members of the SWP family. The more common cross-laminated panels are characterised by placing and gluing boards across each other in layers; Another, visually distinctive, technique is to assemble a solid panel through gluing or dowelling together a series of timber 'posts'.
Panels are commonly fabricated up to around 4m in width and 15m in height (dimensions are restricted by road transport requirements), according to technique and manufacturer. The panels can be assembled to create most types of building including housing, which at Murray Grove in London reaches a record nine storeys.
The traditional key advantages of prefabricated components are speed, efficiency and precise tolerances. SWPs tick-off these features and combine them with attractive environmental and energy-efficient attributes such as use of a renewable resource, carbon sequestration, low waste, relatively low embodied energy and an inherent high standard of airtightness.
Though most SWPs are currently manufactured along a timber strip running through Austria, Germany and Switzerland, in the UK efforts are underway to create a home-grown industry to supply the growing number of projects being built using this technology.
The panels are made with softwood species that are usually in the C16 to C24 range but can be found in glulam grades. Face grades can be specified depending on the end use and visual appearance needed (standard, interior residential visible or industrial visible).
Solid wood panels are available for use in dry, humid and exterior situations (service class 1, 2 or 3) and will use adhesive suitable for passing the durability tests to meet the requirements for the desired end use.
Softwood strips are formed into panels, these panels are glued together in a press that covers the whole panel.
Cross laminated panels can be used for both structural and non-structural applications, usually walls, floors or roofs, lift shafts or stairs. The panels can be made with all the doors and windows or service runs already cut out before transporting to site.
SWP products on GreenSpec
GreenSpec accepts no responsibility or liability for any damages or costs of any type arising out of or in any way connected with your use of this web site. Data and information is provided for information purposes only, and is not intended for trading purposes. Neither GreenSpec nor any of its partners shall be liable for any errors in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.


You have searched the English word "Frugal " meaning in Hindi "मितव्ययी" mitavyayi. Frugal meaning has been search 2369 (two thousand three hundred and sixty-nine) times till 2/27/2017. You can also find Frugal meaning and Translation in Urdu, Arabic, Hindi, Spanish, French and other languages.
 English Hindi Roman
Frugal मितव्ययी mitavyayi
Definition & Synonyms
- Frugal
 1. (n.) Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune.
 2. (n.) Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time.
Economical, Scotch, Sparing, Stinting,


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Fred Pearce describes the role of "honey-suckers" in recycling human waste as fertiliser in contemporary India (16 February, p 48). Less than a hundred years ago, this was a not-uncommon practice in the urban UK. Houses built in central Gateshead in the 1890s, and still standing, typically have two hatches in the wall separating them from the back lane. The upper was for deliveries of coal, the lower for taking out human faeces, to which ash from the coal fire had been added.
Those doing the removal were called "honey-pot men"; the euphemism has clearly travelled and lasted. In the mining town of Ashington, Northumberland, a narrow-gauge railway ran down the back lanes between rows of houses, to take the closet contents for use as fertiliser on the mine company's farm.
Pearce does not mention pharmaceuticals and the risks they pose when using human effluent as fertiliser. There are,...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Rubbermaid® Reduces Environmental Impact with Dishwasher-Safe Reusable Bottles
Reusable water bottles that require hand washing have a higher environmental impact than those that are dishwasher safe, according to an independently third-party reviewed lifecycle assessment study (LCA) sponsored by Rubbermaid® and conducted by Environmental Resources Management.
The household washing of reusable water bottles represents the largest component of a bottle's environmental impact because the energy needed for a residential water heater is much higher than the electricity consumption for a dishwasher when washing the same amount of place settings. As plastic and stainless steel bottles are recommended to be dishwasher safe, they were found to have significantly lower environmental impact across a wide range of categories when compared to aluminum bottles.
"At Rubbermaid, our goal is to make products that fit consumers' lifestyles and we take into consideration how consumers will use our products," said Dave Zak, Director of Research & Development at Rubbermaid. "This study validated our strategy of making only dishwasher-safe bottles. In addition to being more convenient for consumers, they also create significantly less environmental impact in the long run."
The LCA examined the four most widely-available water bottle materials in the U.S. and Canada — aluminum, stainless steel and two forms of plastic (TRITANTM co-polyester and polypropylene, which are used by Rubbermaid and other plastic bottle makers). The study assessed the products from cradle to grave (from manufacturing to disposal) including the effects associated with the extraction of raw materials, bottle manufacturing and packaging, distribution to retail locations, use of the water bottle and disposal. Conclusions from the study stemmed from an assessment of 10 environmental impacts, including global warming, non-renewable energy, mineral extraction and carcinogens.
One of the most critical differentiators between water bottle types, with regard to environmental impact, was the method of washing. Manufacturers of aluminum bottles recommend hand washing, and manufacturers of steel bottles recommend hand and dishwashing, while Rubbermaid recommends putting its plastic bottles, which are BPA-free, in the dishwasher.
"We are committed to continuing this kind of work," said Zak, "so we can ensure our products create the minimum environmental impact possible, while at the same time continuing our legacy of quality and innovation."
[via PR Newswire]


How an Electric Monitor Can Help Save Money
If you are looking to save money on your electric bill, you may want to try using an electric monitor. The electric monitor promises that you can save up to 20% on your electric bill without having to sacrifice any comfort you enjoy in your home. Does it sound too good to be true? Well, let's take a look at how it works and see if these promises are fact or fiction.
The Electric Monitor and How it Works
Efergy Elite 4.0 Wireless Electricity Monitor
Originally posted at Amazon
So what exactly does the electric monitor do? And, how can an electric monitor can help save money? Well, it monitors your electricity! You might argue that your electric meter already does that, and it does…but the nice thing about the monitor is it displays the amount of energy you are using in real time, on screen. That way you have easy access to this information round the clock.
The monitor is easy to use. It has two parts, one that fits over the mains live supply of your electric meter and the other is the part that stays in your home and gives you your read out. Here are some general instructions on how to set up your meter:
 1. Install batteries in both parts. (Some models are powered by the mains and do not need batteries).
 2. Setup date, time and current billing charge per kWh.
 3. Clip the monitoring part onto the live mains cable that feeds the fuse box from your meter.
 4. Synchronize both parts of the kit using the buttons provided.
 5. Place the unit in a convenient location.
There are several ways to set up your monitor to obtain your usage information. Updated information reaches the monitor in intervals which may range from 6-8 seconds. You can choose to view a breakdown of this information by cost, carbon footprint, kWh, etc. You can also receive updates on the cost of electricity per hour, or per 24-hour period.
How The Electric Monitor Can Help You Save Money
So now you have your kit installed, and it is telling you how much energy you are consuming. But how does one use this information to save money? Well, according to those who use the device, the electric monitor is pretty effective at doing its job. Read on to find out why.
 - The electric monitor provides information about the current trends in electricity use and rates so you can take action to cut back immediately if a particular rate is on the rise.
 - It helps you determine what appliances in your house are consuming the most electricity and cut down on usage if possible.
 - It may be able to alert you as to when a particular item or appliance has been left on. This will only happen if the monitor is easy for family members to view. You may want to consider this when choosing a monitor for your home and go for one that has an easy to read display and one that can be positioned somewhere where it is visible.
 - If you are in the habit of leaving lights on, an updated view of how much money you are spending by leaving those lights on may make you more aware of usage and more likely to turn those lights off. If your display is set for a 24 hour reading, you can really see how your costs are adding up.
How An Electric Monitor Can Help You Make an Informed Choice in Purchasing Light Bulbs
Electric monitors can also help you make money saving purchases. When you are purchasing light bulbs in a store, there is no certain way of knowing how long that bulb will last. There is a half life listed on the packaging, but it's impossible to determine how accurate this is without actually using the bulb.
There are other factors that might add to the cost of what might, on the surface, seem to be an energy saving bulb. Energy saving bulbs may not give off as much light. Also, some bulbs may not work with your lighting equipment, which will require you to use an adapter. By using an electrical monitor, you will be able to tell which light, (and therefore light bulbs) are using the most electricity and you'll be able to make money saving choices in the future. Some who have used an electric monitor have found eco-halogen bulbs to be a wise choice.
Other Money Saving Tips
Effective Electric MonitorAnother device that can be helpful into saving you money on your electric bill is an electronic barometer that can read indoor humidity and temperature. These devices give you information on whether a chill in the air is caused by a nosedive temperature or just a temporary fluctuation that is outside of the ambient range. This can prevent residents from turning up heat unnecessarily.
What To Consider When Buying an Electric Monitor
There are certain things you should consider when making a purchasing decision for an electric monitor. One thing you must think about is whether you will need a three phase or a single phase system. This depends on the current electric power in your home. Make sure you determine this information before purchasing.
You also want to consider the amount of amps that are used by the system. The number of amps supported by each system can vary. It's a good idea to find a system that has high accuracy and reliable consumption data. You also want to look for a monitor that is compact in size, cost effective, compatible worldwide, can work with a wide input voltage range and is easy to install.
Consider the communication protocols of the monitor. Choosing a smart power meter with compatible communication protocol can be the key in getting the system up and running. You may also want to look for features that allow you to upload stored data to your computer so you can compare trends over time.
An electric monitor can be a valuable tool helping homeowners to save money. However, it is important for owners to familiarize themselves with the ways electric monitors can be most helpful and which features they should look for to make these most effective for their households. Once you learn this information, you can make an intelligent choice in buying one, which will surely pay for itself over time.


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How many 6 digit positive integers are there, consisting of exactly one 3, one 5, two 4s, and the remaining two digits either 7 or 8?
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 1. mathmate
 - 2 years ago
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 If all the 6 digits are all non-zero and distinct, there are 6! possible integers. If there are two identical digits, we need to divide by 2! Don't know if the 7 and 8's mean A. EITHER two 7's OR two 8's,, or B. EACH digit is 7 or 8. Case A: 1. if both are 7's => 6!/(2!2!) 2. if both are 8's => 6!/(2!2!) Total 2*6!/(2!2!) Case B: 1. same digits (7/7 or 8/8) => 2*6!/(2!2!) 2. different digits (7/8 or 8/7) => 6!/2! Total = 2*6!/(2!2!) + 6!/2! =6!
 2. hqi1321
 - 2 years ago
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 Medals 0
 Thanks for your answer! Sorry, it meant each. Paraphrased a little. I'm confused, why do we divide by 2! if there are 2 identical digits? Why do we divide (why isn't it 6!/(2!2!)
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Initial Design rules Stainless Steel 3D printing
This post is meant to give you guys a better indication of what is and what is not possible with 3D printing Stainless Steel. These guidelines are based on all your uploads and are a work in progress. They are meant to be indicative. We have images to illustrate these examples and I will add them once we have permission from the model owners.
I know that mass and weight are weird things to consider when 3D
modeling(unless you're a CAD person of course). But, look at your model
and think, if I made this out of clay would it work?
This is really the best tip I can give you.
small parts up to 50 by 50mm
95% of these parts print successfully. They can have very thin walls of below 3 mm. But, the most important reason for failing is that the parts are not strong enough or do not self-support. The model will either fall apart or crush itself. Lets imagine we are trying to print a wine glass standing upright. A 3 mm thick stem might work if it were printed alone. But in a wine glass the stem has to support the bowl. During production the model is very fragile. If the bowl is heavy it will simply topple over.
Lets imagine now that we are trying to print this same wineglass horizontally. The stem would break in the middle. Lets now imagine that we are trying to print a wine glass that has no stem but simply consists of the bowl. This would work because a wine glass bowl is a self supporting structure without a weak point that could cause the model to break. What if we get ambitious and would like to add lots of decoration to our wineglass bowl? This is possible. But, if the decoration would consist of a lot of mass the weight would break the bowl during the printing process.
Very thin or delicate structures can not be printed either.
If it looks wispy and lovely and feather-like it will probably have an issue. People have to remove support material, put it in an oven etc.
Integrated 'whole' parts have the highest chance of success. Lets imagine you wanted to print a plate of spaghetti. If it was one mass of spaghetti on a plate it might be possible. If there were strands of spaghetti that magically would stand upright and horizontally in all directions it would not work, it would break. If it would be and incredibly thin structure consisting of many individual strands in a bowl, it would not work. It could simply not be cleaned.
Furthermore since there is an oven step involved whereby the models are all heated to a high temperature parts might fuse if they are loose or close together. So, a bowl of many individual strands of spaghetti would fuse.
Medium to large parts less than 200 by 200 by 100mm
These parts need wall thicknesses of 3mm. Why? The part is larger so the internal structures supporting the part need to be stronger.
These are what I can give you right now. I hope to get more information to you as we learn.
Images are used under a Creative Commons Share, remix, attribution license. Images made by: KARPOV, AndrewK100 and Sebastian_Mary respectively.
 1. Joris
 they're great! A lot of fun!
 1. Madox.NET
 Propeller Hats!
 A picture post showing the latest delivery from Shapeways. Joris just posted guidelines on stainless steel printing so I thought I'll post some photos to show what tiny detail can be achieved.
 Fits quite nicely on the shirt cuf…
 2. Magic
 Very interesting the fact that for small object you can have wall of 1mm.
 I still do not understand if we can print moving parts: I am afraid that if there is no more support material during the infusion phase, the moving parts could get fused.
 For example could the Frankenstein Ring be printed in Stainless Steel?
 Here is the model:
 1. Joris
 the tolerances and the accuracy would make fine moving parts difficult. Exact gears and things would seem to be difficult also. But, a moving part with a large gap should work.
 2. Magic
 Currently, this model has 1 mm of clearance and 2 mm of thickness. But I have plans to reduce the model of 75% (0.75 mm or clearance and 1.5 mm of thickness) and 50% (0,5 mm of cleareance and 1 mm of thickness) in White Strong and Flexible.
 I guess these reduced versions won't work in Stainless Steel.
 I should also renounce to print a separate nut that could be screwed to the bolt… :-(
 3. George Bell
 What about printing that wine glass upside down? Would that work?
 Darn gravity. Maybe you can take a 3D printer up to the International Space Station? Then anything would work!
 1. Joris
 In terms of cost effectiveness we could do it in one of those Russian practice planes and do a layer every time the plane is at the top of its parabolic orbit.
 Does UPS even do pick ups from the ISS?
 4. Stijn van der Linden
 Thank you, this is very clarifying and helpful :-)
 Up till now it felt like modeling in the dark for SS, hoping and praying that the prints would succeed ;-)
 Could you also provide some info on the polishing step?
 What limitations does this add? Is there a minimum practical size for polishing?
 With the braille and other rings I tested, it seems they were hardly polished at all, still very rough (almost like wsf) and red.
 I can understand some reluctance to polish fine details (for example; accidentally removing the braille dots ;-) but there were a few rings that I think could have been a lot smoother and cleaner.
 I'll post some pics as soon as the darn memory card will release them to me :-\
 1. Joris
 The polishing step is a manual one. So it is very variable. Polishing should not reduce overall surface detail nor significantly affect the size of your model.
 We're working on improving this process but again it is a manual process so results may vary.
 5. Stephanie P
 So many people in London have skull rings, but this is my far the coolest.
 Very Damien Hirst ;)
 6. DBucci
 What percentage of shrinkage occurs in post infiltrated parts?
 7. Glen Gardner
 To All,
 It first needs to be recognized that 3d metal printing is a technology that is in it's infancy. Unlike traditional metal working methods with centuries long histories, many of the forces, stresses and reactions that printed metal parts must undergo have not been thoroughly quantified as hard data. Simply put, most of the time we know what works and what doesn't, but we can't always tell you exactly why. As in most technologies emerging from small companies, data collection is done on an "as needed" basis. The bulk of all human knowledge comes from data collected over years, decades or even centuries of trial and error. This might help explain why giving precise reasons and fool proof solutions for each and every failed or "non-printable" design is not practical or even possible.
 From my perspective here in the metal print shop I wish to offer some observations that I believe to be consistently true. When parts come out of the print machinery they consist of metal powder held together by a chemical binder (glue). All [I]green[/I] parts are fragile. Think in terms of air dried potters clay. As the size and intricacy of a design increases so does it's fragility. In the green state, these parts are extremely difficult to process without breaking. If a part is able to be loaded into the sintering furnace a whole new set of forces now come into play. Observations inside the running furnace are impossible so finished parts can only be examined [I]after[/I] the furnace is cooled. The most common failures detected [I]after[/I] sintering take the form of hairline cracks or open breaks. This type of flaw usually occurs in areas consisting of sharp angular intersections and/or radical section changes. The use of fillets and smooth transitions can help prevent this from occurring but not in every case. Flat broad thin meshes and grids are very often problematic but not always impossible. The overall size to mass ratio does seem to play a factor but no generalized rule has yet to be determined. Actually, it would surprise me if the use of the true "Golden Ratio" (1.618033……) didn't improve any design intended for 3dmp.
 Forgive me if these comments seem a bit vague but currently it is simply the nature of the beast. I truly believe that [I]everyone[/I] involved with these new technologies is now acting as a contributor to a global knowledge base. Whether designer, businessman or technician, we are all together writing the book on 3d printing/manufacturing. Pretty exciting stuff really!
 -Glen Gardner
 8. ideazonepd
 I'm curious to know if it would be possible to make a Glossy Stainless Steel material available on my models? (similar to the glossy on Gold Plated and Antique Bronze).
 9. bob scifo
 Stainless steel seems to shrink very slightly; is there a known percentage of shrinkage?
Comments are closed.


Blank canvas reveals its art when you snap a picture of it
Imagine a gallery full of blank canvasses, that instantly turn into art when you take a picture of them. That's the idea behind this art project called Take A Picture,
The turns out that the art is actually under the canvas, where an array of infrared LEDs are arranged to form the picture which could be anything from a winking smiley face to abstract geometric patterns. The trick is that infrared light is invisible to the human eye, but a digital camera's image sensor picks it up and records it as something you can see.
There are no current plans for a gallery show of Take A Picture art, but it would be interesting to see people's reactions when then enter a show full of seemingly blank canvasses.
Take A Picture, via Make


Sliver space tolerance, what is it?
When calculating thermal loads must configure either the distance parameter "sliver space", so that the calculation engine Revit as we interpret the model created. Revit will distinguish two types of walls, interiors and exteriors, the only way I used to distinguish from each other is:
 - If a wall having spaces defined on both sides, is an inner wall.
 - If a wall is a space defined only one side is an exterior wall.
By modeling a building we can find small areas that do not need to define them as spaces (eg amount of facilities), but nevertheless, if we do can cause Revit interpreted as exterior walls, walls that are not. The parameter "sliver space" is to avoid this error.
A brief video explaining.
Ground plane and project phase
We must never forget to check on that level has awarded the parameter "ground plane" in the dialogue of thermal load calculations, after review we will cause all the walls that are below this level are considered in contact with land like a conventional basement.
Below is a brief video editing this parameter and the "project phase".
Family for electrical panel in Revit MEP
[google tranlation]
Setting up an electrical system in Revit MEP requires the adaptation of certain families to the standards in force in the country to perform the project. The following short video explains how to be the most appropriate configuration of the family of a panel board for the Iberian Peninsula. In previous articles explaining how to set a light to be accepted by an electrical panel and a system in Revit MEP. I leave you with the video.
"building type" settings
"building type" parameter
For the calculation of thermal loads, the first thing to define is the use to which it will be allocated the building, in the following video shows how to assign this use.
Creating zones
Creating a project zona's is important, since the areas, unlike the spaces are those with the most important parameters defining the study of thermal loads, such as the setpoint temperature cold and heat, or flow rate of air exchange.
The following video shows how to create a zone.


scratch on white car paint
How To Buff Out Scratches On Your Car
A deep gash in the side of your car might feel like the end of the world, but it does not have to be. Scratches can come from any number of places, like a neighboring car pulling away or a falling tree branch scraping up your paint.
Scratches are more than an aesthetic annoyance. They also take away layers of paint which protect your car, without which your car could begin rusting. Fortunately, most scratches can be easily buffed out, flawlessly fixing them without needing a visit to the body shop. Here is our guide on how to buff out even the most stubborn scratches.
The Protective Properties Of Car Paint, And How Scratches Affect That
You might be temped to suck up a scratch, save your money, and just leave it alone. However, your car's paint job is crucial to protecting the metal body, and a scratch compromises that protection. Even if you can accept a scratched-up car, you could be exposing your car to the elements and rusting the metal if you leave a scratch unattended.
With a good paint job, you car can withstand harsh weather, different temperatures, a range of moisture and humidity levels, and other elements like dust or mud. Almost all modern cars have three distinct layers in their paint job:
 - Primer: this is applied to the metal of the car body, and is usually white or off-white.
 - Paint: this is the main color of your car, and shows scratches the easiest. Contact your dealer if you need to repaint, as they can provide the exact shade to match your existing paint.
 - Clear coat: this is a thick transparent layer that seals the paint and protects it from fading under UV rays from the sun.
Scratches can be shallow or deep, sometimes cutting all the way to the metal base. When assessing how to repair a scratch, you can check how many layers of the paint job it has cut through. A minor scratch might only take off the clear coat, but severe scratches can expose metal. No matter how deep, a scratch damages some or all of your paint job's protective properties and needs repairs to maintain your car's integrity.
Types Of Car Paint Scratches
Different types of scratches can be determined with just the naked eye:
 - If the paint color is visible and uniformly colored, the scratch is only as deep as the clear coat and has exposed the paint.
 - If the paint color is tinged with white, then the cut has exposed the primer.
 - If the metal base is visible, then the cut has damaged every layer of the paint job and exposed the metal.
Clear Coat Scratch
clear coat scratch on ford kuga
These are the most common and easiest-to-repair scratches. Clear coat scratches are also called "spider webbing" because they form in circular patterns that look like webs. They are sometimes known as "swirl marks."
Clear coat scratches are often caused by low-quality car washes. It does not take much to cause one of these scratches. It is important to buy a proper drying cloth for just this reason, to avoid causing clear coat scratches.
Paint Embedded Scratch
paint emabedded scratch on ford kuga 2
Scratches that go this deep are more difficult to repair, as they have damaged both the clear coat and the paint. These usually occur from scraping against another car or a metal pole. A simple buff is not enough to fix these scratches.
You can tell if the scratch is this deep by looking for a couple traits. They are wider than the hair-line clear coat scratches, but not deep enough to show the white primer or bare metal. If the paint color is uniform and untinted with white, you have a paint embedded scratch.
Primer Deep Scratch
Primer Deep Scratch on ford kuga
A scratch this deep is going to show a gouge and will be a pain to repair. Running your hand along your car, you can feel where the scratch dips inward. For this reason, DIY solutions are out of the question. Not only will you need to touch up the paint with the same shade, but you will also need a clear coat top-up to even out the scratch.
Bare Metal Scratch
bare metal scratch on alfa romeo stelvio
If you can see the metal at a glance, then that part of your car is fully exposed to the elements and may be beginning to rust. Air and moisture can reach the metal, leading to oxidation, rusting, or just plain old corrosion. For a scratch this deep, you should go to the body shop as soon as possible.
Watch the video for an in-depth explanation of various car paint defects.
How To Repair Swirl Marks and Minor Scratches
You can buy scratch and swirl removers for filling in minor scratches and touching up surface imperfections. These include small scuffs on high-traffic car parts like door handles, or just a section of your paint job that has lost its sheen.
Related: How To Easily Remove Scratches From A Windshield
How To Remove Swirl Marks
 1. Wash your car and allow it to dry completely.
 2. Apply the swirl remover polish to a soft microfiber towel. Begin spreading the polish onto the area of your car with swirl marks.
 3. Firmly rub the polish in with a back-and-forth motion for a minute.
 4. Let the polish dry (it will look translucent when dry) and wipe away any excess with a clean towel.
 5. Repeat with any other damaged areas.
Related: How To Polish Your Car by Hand or With a Buffer
How To Remove Minor Scratches
 1. Wash your car and allow it to dry completely.
 2. Use two strips of masking tape to mark out the scratch, placing them an inch above and below the scratch. They should be parallel to the scratch and to one another.
 3. Apply the scratch remover polish to a soft microfiber towel. Begin rubbing in onto the scratch with a back-and-forth motion and firm pressure, following the direction of the scratch.
 4. Rub the polish onto the scratch for 30 seconds.
 5. Use a clean towel to dry off the scratch. Check if the scratch is repaired or if it needs more work. If the latter, repeat the process up to five more times.
 6. Finish by applying the polish to a wider area around the scratch to help the repair blend in.
How To Remove Stubborn Scratches
Once you have tried to remove a scratch with basic polish and have seen no change, you can move up a step to heavier grit polish. Also try being more aggressive with your application, using more pressure and rubbing the polish in with faster motions.
Paste scratch removers are tougher than liquid removers. If the scratch will not budge when you use a liquid remover, or if you have an older car, it might be time to try a paste remover.
This video will show you how to repair stubborn clear coat scratches.
How To Repair Deep Scratches
Deep scratches present a new challenge, because you cannot simply fill in the clear coat. These scratches need paint to touch up imperfections, and usually need sanding and polishing to regain the paint job's luster. For scratches this bad, you should take your car to a body shop and let the professionals repair the scratch.
How To Repair Scratches On A Black Car
black paint door with scratches
Scratches show up more easily on black cars than most. There are specialized products that include black pigment, so when you repair a scratch, the black paint job stays black. Such products can be used to remove swirl marks and scratches.
 1. Wash your car and allow it to dry completely.
 2. Test the black polish on a small section of your car to make sure the color matches.
 3. Apply the black swirl mark and scratch remover polish to a soft microfiber cloth and follow the previously listed instruction to repair the damage.
 4. After the polish has dried, wipe away any excess with a clean cloth and lightly buff the area until glossy.


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You bet there is!
We call it the Activities (click to open it in a new tab), and you can always find it via the Activities button on your Dashboard:
- This report maintains a running total of CPD hours for each of your memberships. If nothing is showing up yet, it's probably because you still need to add a membership.
- If you complete an item inside CPDone that applies to more than one of your memberships, the activity will be added to all of your relevant memberships, automatically!
- Similarly, you can add External CPD activities to your total; e.g. if you wish to record training days or accredited practical activities.
Filtering the memberships and duration can be done to look at progress made.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Fault-adaptive embedded software, Fermilab BTeV, RealTime Embedded Systems group
Computer Sciences | Physics | Software Engineering
This paper describes a comprehensive prototype of large-scale fault adaptive embedded software developed for the proposed Fermilab BTeV high energy physics experiment. Lightweight self-optimizing agents embedded within Level 1 of the prototype are responsible for proactive and reactive monitoring and mitigation based on specified layers of competence. The agents are self-protecting, detecting cascading failures using a distributed approach. Adaptive, reconfigurable, and mobile objects for reliability are designed to be self-configuring to adapt automatically to dynamically changing environments. These objects provide a self-healing layer with the ability to discover, diagnose, and react to discontinuities in real-time processing. A generic modeling environment was developed to facilitate design and implementation of hardware resource specifications, application data flow, and failure mitigation strategies. Level 1 of the planned BTeV trigger system alone will consist of 2500 DSPs, so the number of components and intractable fault scenarios involved make it impossible to design an "expert system" that applies traditional centralized mitigative strategies based on rules capturing every possible system state. Instead, a distributed reactive approach is implemented using the tools and methodologies developed by the RealTime Embedded Systems group.
Messie, Derek; Jung, Mina; Oh, Jae C.; Shetty, Shweta; Nordstrom, Steven; and Haney, Michael, "Prototype of Fault Adaptive Embedded Software for Large-Scale Real-Time Systems" (2005). Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Paper 121.


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Translating Poetic Discourse
Questions of feminist strategies in Adrienne Rich
Translating Poetic Discourse argues in favor of a critical model that bridges between translation and women's studies on theoretical and practical levels. It proposes key-elements to be integrated into the problem of interpretation of contemporary poetry by women, and discusses the links between gender markers and the speech situation in feminist discourse as a systematic problem. This book will be of interest to scholars of Translation Studies, Women's Studies, Poetry, Comparative Literature and Discourse.


Tracking down immigration attorneys after hours is often tricky. However, a large number of law firms now use personal answering services. These services help assist the immigration attorney's clients after hours. The following are a few tips regarding how to work with answering services to locate immigration attorneys after the business day is done.
Immigrants must work through the process of gaining residence or citizenship through their immigration attorney. Usually, simply calling an attorney to make an appointment for help with your legal matter starts the process of protecting yourself. If you need help after normal business hours, you can still contact your attorney's answering service who can both provide you with the needed assistance at that time and place.
For answering services used by immigration attorneys, the following requirements are vital to ensure both the attorney and answering service can assist the client. The answering service should be bilingual, English and Spanish, to ensure clients for whom English is a second language can communicate clearly. Also, the answering service should operate 24/7 to ensure no call is missed. With a bilingual answering service, the staff there can work with the immigration attorneys to translate a client's communications, whether it be over the phone or in print.
When calling an immigration attorney after hours, it is important to understand you are more likely to speak with the immigration attorney's answering service, and not the actual attorney. The receptionist taking the call will collect your contact information and provide everything to an employee working at the firm. This person will then contact you and discuss how the immigration attorneys at their office can assist you.
Clients must be comfortable working with the remote answering service to provide all of the necessary details within your message. Avoid giving away personal information, but still ensure you give the remote receptionists how urgent the current situation is, and how quickly you need the immigration attorney to return your call. If you cannot receive a call (for example, you are in jail), you must tell the answering service this so they understand you need help immediately. Top-quality answering services working alongside immigration attorneys understand the best way to make sure the immigration attorneys are best able to assist you.


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HANDS ON Crafts for Kidshttp://www.craftsforkids.com/
Snakes are part of our natural surroundings. Many of them are harmless and some are dangerous. Our Stained Glass Snake Craft is a safe way to enjoy these reptiles and learn about their habits.
Elmer's® Painters Color Cutter®
Cardstock, yellow, blue, green
School Glue StickDisappearing Purple
Black mat 11"x14"
1.Trace the pattern onto yellow cardstock. BEFORE activating the blade in the Color Cutter, use the black one to go over all the lines in the snake.
2. Use the red and black Color Cutters to color the snake as shown.
3. Follow the directions on the package and activate the blades in the Black and Gold Color Cutters. Place your drawing on a cutting mat and use the Black Color Cutter to cut out the snake. Cut out the 3 spaces in the snake's coil also. Use the Gold Color Cutter and a ruler to cut the snake into 1" vertical strips.
4. Use the Gold Color Cutter to cut the green cardstock diagonally in both directions and to cut each piece in half. Glue pieces onto the blue cardstock as shown.
5. Glue the snake onto the prepared cardstock. Mat with a black mat.
This craft is reprinted courtesy of HandsOnCraftsForKids.


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Today we will decorate phone case for smartphone with vegetative ornament. For this you don't need to be an artist and stock up on expensive paints, it is enough to remember how to make a herbarium. This knowledge will come in handy in the production of exclusive case.
Before you decorate a case for your smartphone with their hands prepare:
- the case of transparent plastic;
- flowers, twigs or leaves;
- epoxy resin;
- wax paper;
- sticks for ice cream;
- heavy book;
- the spray varnish.
Step 1. Prepare your favourite plants. First, they need to dry thoroughly. If the leaves or the flowers will not dry, epoxy can react with the fluid and change the color of the plants. To properly dried, flatten the leaf or flower, put them between sheets of plain paper for the printer and send it all in a book. In this form, allow the plants to dry. Depending on your chosen flower, this process will take from one to three weeks.
Step 2. The dried petals need to varnish. The varnish seals the pores of the plants and stores it in the proper form. Put the item dried on wax paper and cover it with varnish spray. Once one side is dry, apply the material on the other side.
Step 3. You can use plant in the natural form or paint it to make it more colorful. In this master class leaves were fixed stationery clip and painted in a nice mint shade of regular paint in aerosol form.
Step 4. Put your plants in an arrangement on the case for smartphon. It ought to be done, as the work with epoxy resin requires a clear coherence and speed of movements. That is, you have to imagine where and what element of the composition will be placed.
Step 5. In a separate bowl, mix epoxy resin and special hardener. Mix thoroughly for 60 seconds. Stir stick for an ice cream. Can divide the liquid into two parts and add coloring pigment, if you want a colored case.
Step 6. Gently but quickly brush apply the first coat of resin with or without pigment.
Step 7. Until the resin is dry, using tweezers, place the plants in an arrangement.
Step 8. Once the plants will slightly seize, cover the case with the second layer of resin. This time take fully transparent epoxy.
Let the case to dry thoroughly. Your case with floral ornaments ready!
If you have difficulty creating a case with your own hands, here you will find a lot of great cases for iPhone.


How to configure a graph using a system or schema option.
option(arg)[.set( value ) | get() | unset( value)]
Options are only available for Classic Graph, and are deprecated in DataStax Graph 6.8.
Graphs can be configured per graph using the following options, in either the Schema API or the System API; see those pages for examples of using option().
Table 1. Graph-Specific OptionsGraph-specific options are preceded by graph; for example, graph.allow_scan.
Option argument Setting Example Description Default
allow_scan true Allow full graph scan queries. Use only during development. true
schema_mode Production Set mode to Production or Development. Development
default_property_key_cardinality Multiple The default cardinality for automatically defined properties. Single
tx_autostart true Set transaction to start automatically or open manually. false
Table 2. TraversalSource-specific optionsTraversalSource-specific options are preceded by graph.traversal_sources.* where * must be a specified traversal source such as the graph traversal g; for example, graph.traversal_sources.g.type. The most common TraversalSource is the graph traversal g.
Option argument Setting Example Description Default
Table 3. Transaction-specific optionsTransaction-specific options are preceded by graph.tx_groups.* where * must be specified as a transaction group or default. For example, graph.tx_groups.default.read_only will make all transactions not explicitly named read_only, whereas graph.tx_groups.myTxGroup.read_only would apply only to transactions which are given the group name myTxGroup.
Option Setting Example Description Default
internal_vertex_verify true Set transaction to verify that vertices for internally provided auto-generated vertex ids actually exist. false
external_vertex_verify false Set transaction to verify that vertices for externally provided user-defined vertex ids actually exist. true
prefetch true Sets the query executor to asynchronously pre-fetch data based on its expected execution of the traversal prior to the data being requested. This can reduce transaction latency but can cause throughput to worse. true
read_only true Set a transaction to read-only. false
single_thread true Set a transaction to be only accessed by a single thread. false
thread_bound true Set a transaction to be bound to a particular thread. false
vertex_cache_size 4000 Maximum size of the transaction-level cache of recently-used vertices 10000l
Configure a Classic graph. Options can be set with either the graph - Classic engine or Schema API, and get or unset operations are accomplished with the Schema API.


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Dietary intake of young twins: Nature or nurture?
Pimpin L., Ambrosini GL., Llewellyn CH., Johnson L., Van Jaarsveld CHM., Jebb SA., Wardle J.
Background: The early years in life are increasingly recognized as a critical period for the development of diet-related behavioral traits. However, discussions continue on the relative role of genes and the environment in determining dietary intake, particularly in young children for whom detailed dietary information is limited. Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that diet in early childhood is primarily determined by the environment rather than by genes. A secondary aim was to characterize the early childhood diet. Design: A classic twin design used 3-d dietary data collected at age 21 mo from the Gemini cohort. From the full sample of 2402 families with twins, dietary diaries were available for 1216 twin pairs (384 monozygotic and 832 dizygotic pairs) after exclusions. Intakes of macronutrients, food, and beverages were estimated. Twin analyses quantified the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to population variation in intake. Results: At age 21 mo, children consumed small portions of a wide range of family foods. The shared environment was the predominant determinant, contributing between 66% (95% CI: 52%, 77%; milkbased desserts) and 97% (95% CI: 95%, 98%; juice) of the variation in intake. Genetic factors were estimated to account for between 4% (95% CI: 0%, 10%; savory snacks) and 18% (95% CI: 14%, 23%; bread) of dietary intake variation. Conclusion: Shared environmental influences are the predominant drivers of dietary intake in very young children, indicating the importance of factors such as the home food environment and parental behaviors. © 2013 American Society for Nutrition.


Fill-in-the-Blank Reward System
This class-wide motivation tool provides constructive feedback to the entire class and allows opportunities for the class to earn a reward for positive behaviors. A word or phrase is indicated by "blanks" and displayed in the classroom. Each time the class meets a set expectation, they earn a letter or word to fill in one of the blank spaces. When all the blanks are filled in and the word or phrase is complete, the class receives a reward.
Download Templates
ExampleFill-In-The-Blank Reward System
Teachers Shown
Demery Bader-Saye
3rd grade Elementary teacher.
NYOS Charter School, Texas
Alicia Contreras
Middle School Math teacher.
Austin ISD, Texas


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Are figs really full of baby wasps?
The fig plant and the fig wasp both have the same goal: reproduction. For this to happen, a fig plant needs to share its genetic material (in the form of pollen) with another of its kind, and the fig wasp needs a place where its larva can grow and feed. Think of the fig wasp as a tenant, and the fig plant as a landlord who takes payment in the form of pollen.
What we call a fig (a structure called the syconium) is more inverted flower than fruit, with all its reproductive parts located inside. After a female fig wasp flies over from the fig plant she emerged from, she must travel to the center of the syconium to lay her eggs. To get there, she climbs down through a narrow passage called the ostiole. The passage is so cramped that the tiny fig wasp loses her wings and antenna during her claustrophobic trek. Once inside, there's no getting back out and flying to another plant — but is she in the right place?
Fig plants boast two kinds of figs: male caprifigs and female edible figs.
If a female wasp enters a caprifig, she'll find male flower parts that are perfectly shaped to hold the eggs she'll eventually lay. The eggs will grow into larvae, which will develop into male and female wasps. After hatching, the blind, wingless male wasps will spend the remainder of their lives digging tunnels through the fig. The female wasps then emerge through these tunnels and fly off to find a new fig — carrying precious pollen with them.
If a female fig wasp enters an edible fig, she eventually dies from exhaustion or starvation. The female flower parts include a long stylus that hinders her attempts to lay her eggs. She may die, but she succeeds in delivering the much-needed pollen first. So a fig farmer winds up with caprifigs full of wasp eggs and edible figs full of seeds.
Though edible figs may not be filled with baby wasps, doesn't this mean that these figs contain a lot of female wasps who died of loneliness?


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A Unity College professor will use a $1,000 grant to help undergraduates investigate microscopic invertebrate organisms at Acadia National Park.
Dr. Emma Perry received $1,000 seed money as part of The Unity College Undergraduate Research Mentor Award for her 2015 project titled "Tardigrades of Acadia National Park." Dr. Perry and two student collaborators will investigate terrestrial and marine tardigrades throughout the park.
Tardigrades are tiny invertebrate organisms (.039 of an inch on average) that, despite their size, are big enough to be seen using a low-power microscope. They are found all across the globe and can thrive in some of the most hostile conditions on earth, from the deepest Maine lakes to the vacuum of outer space.
Scientific tardigrade research is important because, according to the Consortium of European Taxonomy Facilities, "biodiversity loss, global warming and other environmental issues need natural history collections and related expertise as sources of knowledge and for reference."
Under Dr. Perry's tutelage, students will conduct fundamental scientific research on the species, with specific objectives and a sound understanding of research techniques such as observing, measuring, sorting, codifying and discovering. Other students are studying tardigrades that live on apple trees on the campus as well as on samples from the Hemlock Ecosystem Management Study plots.
Graduates who have training and skills in taxonomy are crucial in the continuation of biodiversity research and conservation. According to the National Science Foundation, the information is particularly important "on large but poorly known groups such as bacteria, fungi, protists, and numerous marine and terrestrial invertebrates." Research on these species is essential because they "constitute critical elements of food chains and ecosystems and the high proportion of unrecognized species in these groups limit research and progress in many areas of biology and conservation."
Dr. Perry's winning grant proposal included clear research objectives, defined student involvement in all phases of the project, and outlined rigorous student learning outcomes. The annual award is presented by the Unity College Undergraduate Research Program.
Dr. Perry completed her undergraduate degree in zoology at Exeter University, Britain, where she was born and raised.


(redirected from Trader (disambiguation))
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Wikipedia.
Related to Trader (disambiguation): Trading company
An investor who makes many trades throughout a trading day, buying and selling securities in order to profit from short-term changes in prices. For example, a trader may buy Stock A at $15 per share because he/she believes it will be $18 a few minutes, or hours, later. Traders engage in high risk activities because there is no guarantee that the price will move in the desired direction. However, traders provide a great deal of liquidity to the market. See also: Registered Competitive Trader.
A person who buys and sells securities with the goal of profiting from short-term price swings.
Traders who are dealers or market makers select the securities in which they will specialize and provide quotes on those securities in the marketplace.
They commit their firm's capital by taking positions in those securities and are ready to buy and sell at the prices they quote.
The term trader also describes people who execute transactions at brokerage firms, asset management firms, and mutual fund companies.


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- Southern Africa
- Investment - Health
Swaziland: Soon to become a no man's country
40% of population unemployed, a quarter affected by HIV/AIDS
A quarter of Swaziland's workforce is absent from work because of HIV/AIDS, says a report by the International Monetary Fund. The disease in Swaziland, which has the world's highest HIV/AIDS prevalence and is also one of the poorest, has shaved about 1.3 percent from its annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth, the IMF said.
About 40 percent of the country's one million people are thought to be unemployed; Swaziland would require annual growth of 3.6 percent to prevent worsening poverty, but currently struggles to achieve 2 percent, the IMF said.
"Over any 30-day period, at least 25 percent of workers in a survey did not go to work," said the IMF's annual assessment survey of the state of the nation's economy, and the effects of HIV/AIDS.
The IMF attributed job absenteeism to people suffering from HIV/AIDS as well as those staying home to care for people sick with the disease. According to UNAIDS, about 26 percent of Swaziland's sexually active population are infected.
"The impact on Swaziland's businesses is significantly larger than in comparative countries that also suffer from HIV/AIDS," the IMF report noted.
While 25 percent of Swazi workers said they had missed work for varying lengths of time during a one-month period, less than 20 percent of workers in Botswana (23.9 percent HIV/AIDS prevalence) and Namibia (15.3 percent), named HIV/AIDS as the reason for job absenteeism.
"According to a World Bank investment climate assessment survey [of Swaziland], over 50 percent of company managers reported much higher worker absenteeism due to sickness than other countries in Southern Africa," the IMF said.
The cost of replacing ill or deceased workers is expected to increase as the disease progresses from HIV to AIDS. Citing projections compiled by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the IMF report said by 2016, eight percent of Swaziland's GDP would be devoted to training workers to replace those who have died from AIDS.
"For a country that is struggling to achieve a two percent GDP growth rate annually, AIDS has made the difference between prosperity and economic regression," said Samuel Fakudze, a Swaziland-based economist.
HIV/AIDS makes investors think twice
The IMF calculated that the cost of replacing teachers alone would be R2.3 billion (US$230 million) in the next seven years. The Swaziland National Teachers Association acknowledged there was a rise in teachers' deaths, but was unable to provide statistics on how many were HIV/AIDS related.
"In Swaziland, denial about AIDS is one factor that has made it almost taboo for families to admit their loved ones passed away from an AIDS-related illness. You won't find AIDS listed as the cause of death on death certificates, and so we have no official number to work with," a union official, who declined to be identified, declared.
Swaziland's HIV/AIDS prevalence is an unspoken but real concern for foreign investors. "With the global economy reducing investments everywhere, any detrimental factor will harm a potential investment destination," said Emmanuel Myeni, an operations manager at a trucking firm located in Matsapha, near the country's commercial hub of Manzini.
"One of the unstudied areas of public health is to what extent unemployment contributes to AIDS in Swaziland. People without jobs have more time to engage in sex, and don't have money for health care or proper nutrition." Myeni said his company lost an average of six truck drivers each year to the disease - a third of the drivers.
Fakudze said, "It's a chicken and egg situation: Which is needed first – a healthy workforce to attract FDI [foreign direct investment], or new job creation to boost the health of workers by giving them an occupation and income?"
Along with basic fiscal and structural reforms, the IMF recommended that government place a greater emphasis on combating HIV/AIDS. The local media reported that King Mswati III, the last absolute monarch in sub-Saharan Africa, made no mention of the disease when he opened parliament earlier this year.
In a press statement, Prime Minister Sibusiso Dlamini, who was appointed by Mswati, said the king's speech reflected general policy and was not specific about government programmes.


Sugar and egg prices rose 50% over the year
Prices rise for both retail buyers and wholesalers.
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry notes that over the past six months, domestic prices for wheat, rye, corn have grown in all positions from UAH 3.7-4.7 thousand to almost UAH 9 thousand per ton. It is grain that accounts for up to 60% of the cost of one egg.
A few months ago, flour was cheaper than the grain from which it is made today.
"The situation is similar in the sugar market. Domestic sugar prices are 30-40% higher than world prices, and Ukrainian producers of confectionery and bakery products, ice cream and others on the domestic market cannot contract sugar," the CCI notes.
Rising prices are accelerating inflation. According to the State Statistics Service, in January prices increased by 1.3% on average compared to the previous month, and by 6.1% compared to the same period last year.
Excluding the seasonal component, consumer prices in January increased by 1%, which is a significant increase for one month. And although the growth in the cost of butter, sugar and vegetables slowed down, their contribution, complemented by another increase in the price of eggs, led to an increase in the price index for food products by 1.4% per month.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Fox River (Illinois)
The Fox River is a tributary of the Illinois River in the states of Wisconsin and Illinois in the United States. The river starts near Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin and flows past Waukesha, for a total of 70 miles (110 km) in Wisconsin. The river enters Illinois and flows generally southward for 115 miles (185 km), until it joins the Illinois River. Illinois towns that are on the Fox River include Geneva, Algonquin, Dundee, Elgin, St. Charles, Aurora, Batavia, and Yorkville.
The Fox River has 15 dams, including McHenry Dam, which impounds the river to form the Fox Chain O'Lakes in northern Illinois.
External link and source
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Assemblies of God SearchSite GuideStoreContact Us
Evangelism, Worship, Discipleship & Compassion
By: Mike Clarensau
Item # 50TW0114
Price: $19.99
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Staff Terminations - Ending the Employment Without Ruining the Relationship
Wed, 14 Apr 2010 - 4:09 PM CST
When churches terminate staff, the resulting implications can be both spiritual and legal. As Christians, we have an obligation to support and encourage our brothers and sisters. We should not leave them in despair simply because their employment did not work out as hoped. Even when an employee's conduct is unacceptable, our task is restoration, not demolition. In order to achieve these spiritual goals, the starting point is the termination process. Although termination decisions are often challenged, the termination process itself seldom causes legal liability. Instead, litigation often results if the termination process is handled poorly and does not defuse the situation. The termination process most often affects the individual's decision to sue, not the basis for suit.
Terminations are uncomfortable—they should be. Nevertheless, churches should not wait for problem employees to leave on their own, nor subtly encourage resignation. People are resources—like the talent a man was given (see Matthew 25:18). If a resource is not being used, it is being wasted. Human resources need to be developed and used; otherwise, they must be released to be useful elsewhere.
As strange as it sounds, the termination process begins before the hiring process starts. One of the principle reasons for termination is the employee's failure to meet expectations. However, for expectations to be met, they must be identified and then communicated. Too often, churches hire someone without a clear understanding of their role as employers. There will always be surprises, but they will be less disruptive when the expectations are clear at the outset.
Communicating expectations does not stop at the point of hiring. Expectations sometimes change because of new circumstances or because the employee has become more competent. Just as it is frustrating for the pastor to find things not done as expected, it is frustrating for staff members to be criticized for not doing something they did not realize should have been done.
Letting employees know how they are performing is important. All too often, employment relationships break down because the employees' inadequate performance does not improve. Although communicating performance deficiencies is no guarantee, improvement is unlikely without it. As always, Jesus is our example. He was just as apt to chastise wrongs as He was to praise accomplishments.
Communicating performance issues ensures that the subordinate understands the concern and provides the chance to learn from it. The idea is not simply to complain about the employee's behavior; the idea is to explain how to do better.
The key to communication is making sure the recipient understands the message. Too often, disciplinary conversations end prematurely. The pastor believes that the message was given, but the subordinate does not understand the message or does not understand the seriousness of the issue. The net result is worse than if nothing is said at all. The senior pastor will believe wrongly that future poor performance is a sign of disobedience or disrespect.
The message must be understood. If it is a serious issue, the best way to guarantee understanding is to document the oral conversation. This does not need to be a formal written warning. It may be a simple note confirming expectations, a list of resources to help improve, or a periodic performance evaluation. The key is the effect. People are affected more by the written word than by the spoken word. Employees must understand that documenting performance issues is not automatically a prelude to termination—it is one of the best methods for correcting performance and thereby eliminating the need for termination. Written documentation helps focus both parties' attention on the same goal—correction.
Documentation is also helpful in the termination process. Losing a job is never fun, but it does not have to be devastating. It can force a person to grow personally or spiritually, or it may open up new opportunities. Each of these are hindered if the individual harbors resentment.
Having documentation makes certain that the basis for the decision to terminate is clear and understood. For example, consider a termination meeting where part of the decisional basis is an undocumented warning months before. It is not uncommon for the subordinate to disagree, either because the individual did not remember the incident, remembered it differently, or did not understand that the pastor's "casual" comment was a warning. Documentation resolves this problem. It is hard to disagree about being late if a list of specific dates is provided. Memories alone are seldom good enough to argue against specifics. The goal is not for the individual to agree that the conduct merited discharge, only that the conduct underlying the decision actually occurred.
In planning the termination, consider these factors:
 1. Make sure that the decisional basis is proper in your jurisdiction and that any specific procedural requirements (i.e., final wages, unpaid vacation, continuing health insurance, etc.) are met.
 2. Conduct the termination meeting away from other people but not at a place that encourages free discussion.
 3. Communicate the decision to terminate only if you are the person responsible for the decision.
 4. Have a witness who is supportive of the decision, respected by the person being terminated, and who will remain silent during the meeting.
 5. Communicate the decision without any suggestion of disagreement or disapproval.
 6. To minimize embarrassment and disruption, plan the meeting for a time when few others are present.
 7. Outline the meeting in advance and retain the notes to make sure each point is covered.
 8. Limit conversation to include the decision, the reason for the decision (including details and documentation), an explanation of the actual termination and separation process, and what will be said to others.
 9. Explain the benefits that will be provided. The primary concern for someone who loses a job is getting another job. A willingness to help is often more important and less costly than typical termination benefits. The more inventive and personalized the approach, the better.
Working for a church is more than just a job—it is a calling. Nevertheless, it is still employment with all the practical ramifications of employment. One of those ramifications is that jobs end. As a religious employer, the goal is to end the job, but only the job. To keep the individual moving forward spiritually, employers must be sure their conduct does not cause terminated employees to keep looking backward. Employers must help employees see their termination as a new beginning to their life and not as an epilogue.
Jeffrey S. Fowler, J.D., is a labor and employment attorney with a Chicago law firm. He and his family attend Bethel Assembly of God, Elmhurst, Illinois.


CoralReef RockTanks
A Complete Guide For Chalice Coral Care And Propagation
Chalice Coral is an extremely desirable and popular specimen for setting up a coral tank. If you need a colorful and bright reef tank, all you need them at the bottom of your tank.
If you are new to the coral tanks or are not familiar with the care and placement of red chalice coral, this is exactly the right piece of information you need.
Chalice Coral Guide
Interested people can add coral unit in reef tank. Chalice coral may be precisely what you need. Here you will find the information for chalice territory and how to build and thrive in your tank.
What are Chalice Coral?
Chalice Coral is a member of the Pectiniidae family and belong to the group of cup coral species. There are six genera of chalice that include Echinophyllia Coral, Echinopora, Oxypora Coral, Mycedium Chalice, Pectinia, Physophyllia, and Echinomorpha.
Chalice Corals are one of the most interesting for the hobbyist because of their stony skeleton, calcium carbonate composition, and usually large fleshy polyps. Chalice care is not very difficult, and indeed they are the easiest corals to care for in a reef tank.
You Will Also Love To Read : Dwarf Hairgrass Care Guide
In the wild, Chalice Corals are native in the Pacific, and they get distributed throughout the world for raising in the tanks. Usually, hobbyists assume them to be common species, but they are getting reduce in number. In Fiji and Indonesia, there is a complete ban on the exports and imports of Chalice Coral. For this reason, Australia is the leading exporting country responsible for their distribution.
Although Chalice Coral are thought to an easy to rise and readily available corals, their price range varies due to their size. Their price ranges between $50 to $500 and can change more or less. Due to this, they get attention from both beginners and senior tank hobbyists.
Read Also : Basic Tips For Growing Aquarium Plants
Chalice Coral Identification
Chalice Coral ID is easy, but sometimes it becomes difficult to verify their authenticity. This happens due to the different specimens and genera. In general, they are bright and look at fluorescent colors. Their price tag varies according to their shape, design, color, and size.
Chalice Coral Identification
How to Care for Chalice Coral
When we observe the Chalice Coral care pattern, they are among the easiest corals to grow and need low maintenance with a proper care routine.
Although they need proper lighting, water flow, water parameters, and proper feed, so read out their requirements before buying them.
In a typical routine, Chalice Corals require light conditions that are low to moderate in intensity. They need light up to 100 PAR and range between 50 to 100 PAR. They are found naturally in the habitat below 40 to 80 feet in the water. It would be best if you mimicked the lighting in which they live in the sea.
Chalice Coral feature a very bright and vibrant-colored body. When they are in good condition, you can place them in different lighting conditions or follow the pattern of the seller's tank. An actinic blue light can improve their vibrant body color.
You need to follow, as mentioned earlier, lighting guide, but you can vary the light according to your own experience. Because they are adaptable to the lighting, you can place them in their favorite lighting conditions and gradually change the light to your preference.
They are also readily adaptable to many lighting conditions, but it's best to introduce them slowly to the conditions you would prefer for them to thrive.
Water Flow:
A moderate water flow is an optimum condition for the Chalice Coral in the tank. The flow of water should not be light to put debris over the coral. Also, it should not as fast to put the coral out of its placement.
Some of their species form a bowl shape that collects the debris over them in low water flow conditions. You can check the optimum water flow by putting a tissue inside the tank, and if it does not move around, it is perfect for chalice placement.
Water Parameters:
The water conditions are necessary to monitor for keeping your Chalice coral health in pristine and well-stable conditions. These corals follow the same parameters that we see in the standard coral reef system. They survive in different water parameters besides low nutrition systems.
You need to keep a check on the levels of different elements in the water. For example, you don't want your magnesium levels at lower levels. Chalice requires magnesium levels to as high as 1400 ppm; otherwise, corals get tissue loss.
 Chalice Coral water parameters
Chalice Coral Feeding
Chalice Coral feeding is not difficult to feed, and they like to eat at night because of their eating patterns. This eating habit gives them the advantage that their food has fewer chances of getting stolen by other tank companions.
They like to consume different materials, from frozen food to fresh food and pallets. Identifying their feeding choices is like a trial and error, and you need to try different foods and be patient about their habits.
For maximum food consumption, you need to make sure that they get their food near their mouth and consume it within 5-8 minutes. They are capable of making their food from photosynthesis, so a balanced combination of food is recommended.
Read Also : Chili Rasbora Care Guide | Feeding, Breeding, Tank size & Diseases
Chalice Coral Aggression
The coral chalice is very aggressive when it is close to the other chalice corals. They have sweeping tentacles to use in the aggression on other neighboring coral and do them severe damage.
For a peaceful chalice coral tank, placement is the key. Place them away from each other at a safe distance.
Chalice Coral Aggression
Propagation and Placement
Chalice Coral has a better propagation tendency than others, but sometimes they get difficult to propagate due to few reasons.
The first thing that most hobbyists do wrong is using the same cutting tool on several. Chalice coral growth rate gets affected by this method, and they get in aggressive mode. Clean the tool after cutting each coral and then use it on other corals to avoid their aggressive behavior.
The second main problem in propagation is challenging chalice placement after cutting the perfect pieces. They are difficult to glue down on the substrate when in smaller pieces. So its becomes a frustrating situation to glue them again after dislodging from glue failure.
So you are thinking now that, what is the best method for Chalice Coral placement in the tank for propagation? The answer is straightforward: you need to stick down them and use an adequate gel superglue quantity followed by a spray of an instant set element.
More For You : A Complete Guide to Raise Roseline Shark (Denison Barb) in the Tank
Chalice coral is beautiful and easy-to-rise in the reef or fish aquarium. They represent vibrant corals that have several genera. They have both cheaper and expensive specimens to attract every category of the hobbyist.
Besides their appearance and pricing, they do not require particular habitat to raise. Chalice quickly adapts to the habitat having a well-balanced light, clean water, and desirable food. A little to moderate expertise need to keep them in the tank, so they are the perfect choice for any aquarium that contains corals.


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What are the most significant arguments for an early date of authorship of Daniel (6th century BC)? What are the primary arguments for a late date (2nd century BC)?
Arguments for a late (2nd century BC) dating:
Arguments for an early (6th century BC) dating:
Argument from Tradition
To give a flavor of the debate over loan words, here is an excerpt from Wikipedia:
More on the linguistics for an early date. It is more proper to say that Hebrew had changed drastically by the 2nd century BC. Lingual shifts had happened but it was still a living language. The most obvious being the word order changed from verb-subject-object to subject-verb-object. It is called Mishnaic Hebrew and the rabbinic writings are full of it. Evidence for Hebrew as a living language throughout the time of Jesus can be found in Understanding the Difficult Words of Jesus. Also, coins have been found from the Hasmonean period (165 BC-37 BC) with Hebrew writing on them. During the time of the Hasmoneans, a Hebrew renaissance was in full swing and a new book written in Aramaic would not easily have been accepted.
The Hebrew in Daniel is perfect for Biblical Hebrew but does not match what was used in Mishnaic Hebrew. Likewise, Aramaic had changed since the time of Imperial Aramaic. The Aramaic in Daniel is perfect for Imperial.
One last indication of the antiquity of Daniel is the style of the apocalyptic sections. Apocalyptic writings changed heavily over the life of the genre, and we have examples of them from throughout the Intertestamental period. Daniel's apoc sections don't have the pieces we would expect from a late dating. For example, Daniel lacks an angelic guide which was so popular in the later apocalyptic writings. In fact, Zechariah has an angelic interpreter.


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The potential role of sports psychology in the obesity epidemic
Sports psychologists play an important role in enhancing performance among athletes. In conjunction with team physicians, they can also shed light on psychological disorders common in athletes, such as mood and eating disorders, and overtraining syndrome. Sports psychologists can also lend their expertise to assist with injury prevention and recovery and compliance issues. Sports psychology has a role in helping to reverse the growing obesity epidemic among school-aged children. These professionals, working with coaches, can increase children's levels of physical activity. Cognitive-behavioral techniques could lead to enhanced enjoyment, increased participation, improved school performance, and a reduction in obesity.


Call for 'direct physio access'
By Prof Karen Middleton
Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
image copyrightScience Photo Library
Accessing a physiotherapist on the NHS usually involves seeing a GP and getting a referral.
But, in this week's Scrubbing Up, Prof Karen Middleton, chief executive of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, says it would make much more sense - for both patients and the health service - if patients could have direct access to an NHS physio.
If you ring your local surgery, you can probably get an appointment with the GP or a nurse.
But if you have a common problem such as back or neck pain, should you also be able to see a physiotherapist?
We think so - as do increasing numbers of GPs, who are bringing in physiotherapists to work alongside them in their practices.
These aren't physios the GP refers to - the physio is a patient's first point of contact who they see instead of the GP.
Up to 30% of a GP's caseload can be musculoskeletal (MSK) problems, and physios are the experts in these conditions - so it makes complete sense for them to see those patients.
For patients, the benefits are numerous - it speeds up access to the expertise they need, it reduces the number of appointments they must attend and for some, it even spares them having to undergo surgery later on if a problem is dealt with sooner.
Minor to chronic
At present, the most common route into NHS physiotherapy in England is via a GP referral.
(In Scotland, you can go direct to an NHS physio in all areas, and this is also available to patients in two-thirds of Wales - England lags far behind. It's also the way into private treatment.)
This means waiting for a GP appointment, then waiting for a physio assessment, then, if needed, waiting for a follow-up.
The longer someone waits for treatment, they greater the likelihood is that their relatively minor condition becomes chronic.
So why not see the physio in the first instance?
A physio can assess and diagnose a patient at that first appointment so that their rehabilitation begins immediately.
In many cases, they will just need advice on what to do and the problem will go away.
This then frees up places on the waiting list for people who genuinely need further treatment.
That makes it a better system for patients. But it's a preferable one for GPs as well.
Red flags
image copyrightScience Photo Library
Reducing this part of their workload frees them up to concentrate on more serious cases that require a medical diagnosis and with the pressures faced by GPs so well-known, it's understandable why this is an approach that's gaining traction with them.
You'd also need to be living on Mars - or perhaps just outside the UK - to not know of the urgent and enormous problems the NHS faces financially.
The health service has been tasked with finding savings of £22bn by 2020, a vast sum that is placing a huge strain on the ability to continue delivering quality services.
Our modelling shows that if even a fifth of the patients seeing their GP for an MSK problem saw a physio instead, it would save at least £525m a year for the NHS.
That's a conservative estimate, by the way, as it looks only at the savings from that initial appointment.
Additional savings would come from reduced follow-up appointments, fewer tests such as X-rays and scans and lower numbers of referrals on to secondary care in hospitals.
For us, the frustrating thing is that opposition to this approach is often based on two myths.
The first, that patients are not safe being seen by a physio without a doctor assessing them first.
This is complete nonsense - unless you believe that every private patient, every patient in Scotland and those in two-thirds of Wales - where you go direct to a physio -are at risk.
Physios are trained to identify what we call red flags - evidence of serious illness - and would always send those patients on to the most appropriate medical professional.
Research has shown virtually no red flags are missed by physios - so patients can be assured that there is no truth whatsoever in this myth.
Secondly, it's claimed that every Tom, Dick and Harry will flood waiting rooms when they discover how easy it is to get physio.
Again - complete bunkum.
For a start, Tom, Dick and Harry have better things to do than see a physio about a minor twinge they got lifting the shopping out of the car.
This is also backed up by the evidence, which shows no increase in demand over time in services where patients can go direct to the physio.
And actually, overall numbers could drop if patients are seen sooner, and therefore more effectively, so they need fewer appointments.
So it's clear that a solution exists that yields benefits for patients, GPs and the NHS as a whole.
It's right before our eyes - and the important thing now is that it is implemented.
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text:
Building Your I.T. Career A Complete Toolkit for a Dynamic Career in Any Economy, by Moran, Matthew
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780789749437 | _PHONE_
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 2/22/2013
Building Your IT Career, Second Edition gives current and aspiring IT pros a strong, personal foundation for planning their careers and setting their goals - and then provides step-by-step, 100% practical action items for achieving the goals they set. Michael Moran introduces and explains career concepts most IT pros are never taught in school, and presents actual examples showing how those concepts apply to actual professionals and the decision-makers who hire them. This book provides a complete, up-to-date toolkit any IT pro can use to: * Deepen their self-awareness and identify the IT careers they'll be happiest and most successful in * Recognize and adopt the attitudes associated with success * Master the personal communication skills you need to get a job - and succeed once you have it * Write highly effective cover letters and resumes * Break into IT for the first time * Build an active contact list and use it in an effective job search * Interview successfully - and negotiate salary and employment agreements * Learn (and do) what it takes to get promoted * Use social media to move forward faster * Take advantage of telecommuting and consulting options * Move into management * Utilize mentors and career coaches effectively * Become nearly indispensable Thoroughly updated for today's exceptionally challenging IT career environments, this book can help any IT pro get where he or she wants to go - systematically, one proven step at a time


uitvinding van de eeuw
The invention of the century
Wed, 06 Feb 2019 min reading
Thanks to shipping containers, we can drink affordable Argentine Cabernet Sauvignon and order cheap phone cases from China. And when containers are discarded? They get a second life as food trucks, bridges or flagship stores. No wonder there are currently 20 million containers in circulation. These 5 facts prove that the container can rightly be called the invention of the twentieth century!
1. Malcolm McLean was the biggest inventor of the 20th century
Malcolm McLean can easily be mentioned in the same breath as Thomas Edison, Alexander Bell and Nikola Tesla. In 1956, McLean, who was an American, invented the shipping container. Ports were hugely clogged up at the time as goods came in all kinds of shapes and sizes. As a result, it could take days for a ship to leave port.
McLean's solution: a giant metal box that always has the same sizes and features. In other words, the shipping container. They can be stacked and picked up or transported by all cranes, ships, trains and trucks.
The result? A huge boost to world trade. Even bigger than all the trade agreements of the past 50 years, according to The Economist. That's why we, and many others, believe that the container is the invention of the twentieth century.
2. A thousand oranges sent more cheaply than a letter
Transport by container is incredibly cheap. For example, sending a letter to Thailand is more expensive than shipping a thousand oranges to the country. This is partly because a container can hold a huge amount of goods – for example, 18,000 bottles of Cabernet Sauvignon or 8,000 shoe boxes – and the largest seagoing vessels can carry more than 20,000 containers.
The world's largest container ship, the OOCL Hong Kong, even holds 21,413 containers. More steel was required to build this 400-metre long ship than for eight Eiffel Towers. Nice piece of shipbuilding, right?
3. Airy cargo
The most commonly transported item in containers? Unfortunately, it's air. Approximately one third of all containers are transported empty. Marginal loads such as waste paper are often put in to fill the gap.
4. You can build with – and on – containers
Think out of the box by moving into one! Containers make ideal building blocks for houses. Container houses, for example, are environmentally friendly, can be built faster than regular houses and are relatively inexpensive (just take a look at the container prices in our webshop). In addition, they are stackable, durable, customisable and easy to move.
There is even a word for architecture based on containers: cargotecture. And this can produce amazing buildings, such as Barneveld Noord station which is made of eight shipping containers.
5. A second life
With any luck, a container will experience twenty glorious years on a ship, train or truck. Every year, some 800,000 containers are retired. They will end up on the scrap heap, melted down or creatively reused. For example, they are being used to create food trucks, giant bridges or tower-high flagship stores.
Ready for your shipping container? Visit our webshop. Need a container temporarily? If so, renting a container would be a good solution. Will you go for a brand-new container, or adopt a used one?
Want to buy a container?
Go to the webshop


Once you get past the basic request response cycle of building a web application, you begin to realise there are yet more things to consider.
For example, typically you might be required to crunch data, send email notifications, or pass data into third-party analytics systems.
None of these things should be executed during the normal request response cycle because you should aim to make this process as quick as possible.
So instead of kicking things off in the main process, we can push this work onto a queue so that is can be dealt with later.
Active Job is Ruby on Rails' queue framework for creating, queueing, and running jobs.
In today's tutorial we will be looking at getting started with Active Job in Ruby on Rails.
Why do we need Active Job?
So hopefully you understand why we need to queue certain types of work, but why do we need a special framework such as Active Job?
The problem arrises when it comes to choosing your queue infrastructure.
They are a couple of different choices (which I won't get into today) when it comes to choosing your queue infrastructure.
But your choice of infrastructure should not dictate the code you write.
In much the same way that you use Active Record as an abstraction of the database, Active Job is an abstraction of the queue.
This means you can write your code using the Active Job API, and the choice of what queue you decide on using is simply an operational decision.
This makes it easy to switch providers without having to totally rewrite your application!
Creating a new Job
As with a lot of things in Ruby on Rails, there is a generator to create a new Job so you don't have to concern yourself with writing the boilerplate or getting the filename correct:
bin/rails generate job add_user_to_mail_chimp
invoke test_unit
create test/jobs/add_user_to_mail_chimp_job_test.rb
create app/jobs/add_user_to_mail_chimp_job.rb
This will create a new file called 'add_user_to_mail_chimp_job' under the 'jobs' directory:
class AddUserToMailChimpJob < ActiveJob::Base
queue_as :default
def perform(*args)
# Do something later
Alternatively you can also specify a queue that the job should be run on:
bin/rails generate job add_user_to_mail_chimp –queue urgent
## Queuing a Job
Once you have your Job ready to go, you can queue it from your application.
I find the majority of the time I simply want the Job to be dealt with at the first opportunity when the queue is not busy:
However, sometimes you want to execute the Job at a given time:
AddUserToMailChimpJob.set(wait_until: DateTime.now.midnight).perform_later(user)
Or perhaps a period of time from now:
AddUserToMailChimpJob.set(wait: 1.day).perform_later(user)
Configuring your Queue
You now have everything set up to add Jobs to the Queue during the normal execution of your application
However, because we currently don't have a Queue configured, Active Job will simply execute the job immediately.
You have a number of choices when it comes to choosing what Queue provider you want to use:
 - Backburner
 - Delayed Job
 - Qu
 - Que
 - queue_classic
 - Resque
 - Sidekiq
 - Sneakers
 - Sucker Punch
 - Active Job Inline
To start using a particular queue, you would simply add the gem to your GemFile and install it and then set your chosen queue in the application.rb file under the config directory:
module Culttt
class Application < Rails::Application
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :sidekiq
If you are just getting started with building web applications, queues and background jobs can seem overwhelming.
There are a lot of things to think about when building a web application.
However, something as "relatively simple" as the on-boarding flow when a new user signs up, is likely going to trigger a lot of things you probably didn't even think about to begin with.
The good thing is, Rails is built upon making things as easy as possible for you as a developer. Rails makes the hard decisions so you don't have to.
Active Job is a good example of this in practice. Active Job is an abstraction over queues and background jobs so you can concentrate on what is important for your application and not worry about operational or infrastructure concerns that won't make a big difference to your success or to your customers or users.