text:
Note: This tutorial was transfered from my old website, and it's now updated with more information
Before we start, we need to define several stuff:
- PathTool (aka PenTool) - A tool use to create paths.
- Point (aka Anchor) - self explanatory :D
- Line (aka Segment) - a connection between 2 points (not more and not less then 2)
- Control (aka Handle) - a special kind of point that controls the curve of a Line. From each point you have 2 controls - one for the line that ends at the point and one for the line that starts at the point.
- Stroke - one or more Points (Anchors) which are conected to each other. A closed stroke is a stroke where the first and last points are connected, and an Open Stroke is a stroke where the first and last points are not connected.
- Path - a path is a collection of one or more strokes
|An illustration showing the different parts of a path. |
There are 3 strokes in this illustration:
(1) a classical curved stroke, (2) A polygonal stroke and (3) an open curved stroke
PathTool Tutorial - Basics
|The tool options tab showing the options|
for the path tool
Here is a basic demonstartion of using the Pentool/PathTool:
|An illustration showing how a segment between two|
points bends, depending on the positions of it's handles
Now we need to explain 2 more things:
- An Active Point is the last point (anchor) that you clicked on. A point can also become active if you drag a line that it's connected to (see explanations in the illustration below)
- A control (handle) becomes visible only if the point it's part of is active.
By controling the handles you can have up to 2 curves per line so if you want more you will need more dots.
In the animation above I clicked on the line and dragged, once next to each point.
Excercise - Drawing a tip of a brushNow let's try to be more practical: let's create something!
|An illustration showing what|
you should do
Create the first two points by clicking on the canvas (while using the path tool in design mode) and then bend the line between them as showed above (by clicking on it and dragging). To curve the path like this I first clicked next to the bottom point and dragged to the right and then clicked next to the top point and dragged to the left.
Now create the third point by cliking the canvas in the position showed above.
What happened?! why didn't the new point Connect to the old one?
The answer is simple: GIMP connects the new point only when the active point before you created the new one, was at the end of the path (when a point is selected and becomes active it will look empty and a frame will appear in the place you should have a filled circle). When dragging the segment between two points, both of them become active and so GIMP doesn't know which point to connect to the new point.
In order to reconect this point, make sure it's active (if not, click on it), now Ctrl+Click on one of the dots at the end to connect it. Most of the times you won't need to do manual connections since the points will be connected automatically. This only happens if you have more then one active point or when the active point is not at the end of a path.
Later on in this tutorial, we'll see how to bend line segments without going through this trouble.
We will now delete the newly created point (it was created for education purpose only, to show you the above bug and how to connect points) by clicking the backspace or delete buttons on the keyboard. Now connect our second dot to the first one.
Now bend the new line segment as shown below (drag the line first to make the handles emerge, and the fine tune the curve by moving the handles)
|Finishing the tip of the brush|
- Design - Deafult
- Edit - Ctrl
- Move (Stroke) - Alt
- Deleting - Holding Shift on Edit (Ctrl) mode and clicking on it. See the comment at the end of the tutorial about straighting curved strokes.
- Moving - Clicking on it and dragging in Design mode.
- Adding at end - Design mode, active point should be open at one side
- Adding at the middle of segment - Clicking on a segment in Edit (Ctrl) mode
- Deleting - Holding Shift on Edit (Ctrl) mode and clicking on it
- Moving - Clicking on it in and dragging in Design mode
- Connecting - Clicking on a point in Edit (Ctrl) mode while both active point and the point you are clicking on are unconnected at 1 or 2 sides
- Deleting - Holding Shift on Edit (Ctrl) mode and clicking on it
- Moving (When Visible) - Clicking on it in and dragging in Design mode
- Moving (When Invisible) - Clicking on it's Point (Anchor) and dragging in Edit (Ctrl) mode
- New - Clicking anywhere in design mode when the active point is connected on both sides or when there is more then one active point or Clicking Shift while in Design mode and then clicking anywhere you want.
- Move - Clicking on a stroke and then dragging while in Move (Alt) mode.
PathTool Tutorial - Selections and Stroking
Selection - a selection from a path is basically the area inside the path. When the path is Open, it's treated like there is a straight line from the starting point to the end point.
When we have an area covered by 2 paths (or any other even number) it won't be selected. Imagine a ring in real life, the edges of the ring are 2 circles when one is inside another and the area covered by both rings is the hole.
When we have an area covered by 1, 3 (or any other odd number) it will be selected. When we have an area covered only by one path it will be selected since this is how we defined the selection. When an area is covered by 2 (or any other even number) paths it will be a hole so when we have 3 (or any other odd number) it will be full again since we have 1 path inside a hole (the 2 paths cancel each other so we we have nothing in this area except for the one path and then this is the selection)
|An illustration showing the selection created by different paths|
Stroking - stroking a path (to stroke a path) means to draw along it's lines. In order to do this simply click on the path you want to stroke inside the paths dialog (To open it, go in the menu to Windows→Dockable Dialogs→Paths) to make it the active path, and then go to the Edit→Stroke Path...
In the dialog that will pop you can select how to stroke the path, which tool to use it and you can set many other options - try playing with it.
|An Illustration showing some example of what can be achieved by different configurations for stroking the path|
Important Tips/Tricks for easier usage
Drawing Curved Paths
It's very annoying to have to draw a polygonal path and only then to curve it. In fact, you can draw a curved path right away! This requires a bit of practice but this is how it works:
When you create a new point in design mode, instead of clicking and releasing the mouse right away, click and drag. The handle will move to where you drag your mouse and this way you can create curved paths directly when drawing them!
A path looks smooth when it passes through a point, if both of it's handles look as if they are on one straight line.
|An illustration showing when a path is smooth|
Note that the two handles don't have to be symmetrical (when the point is the center of the symmetry) in order for the point to look smooth.
In order to make both handles symmetrical, while dragging one handle hold the Shift button and the other handle will become symmetrical!
Straightening line segments
If you want to draw a polygonal stroke, you can simply toggle the checkbox labled "Polygonal" in the tool options tab (see screenshot above). But, if you want to straighten one line in a curved stroke it's a bit harder.
A staright line segment is produced when the handle coming out from each of it's points, is exactly as the same location as the point - to achieve this one can simply "Delete" the handles (see keyboard shortcut above) of the two points of this line segment.


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In conjunction with the advance in computer technology, virtual screening of small molecules has been started to use in drug discovery. Since there are thousands of compounds in early-phase of drug discovery, a fast classification method, which can distinguish between active and inactive molecules, can be used for screening large compound collections. In this study, we used Support Vector Machines (SVM) for this type of classification task. SVM is a powerful classification tool that is becoming increasingly popular in various machine-learning applications. The data sets consist of 631 compounds for training set and 216 compounds for a separate test set. In data pre-processing step, the Pearson's correlation coefficient used as a filter to eliminate redundant features. After application of the correlation filter, a single SVM has been applied to this reduced data set. Moreover, we have investigated the performance of SVM with different feature selection strategies, including SVM–Recursive Feature Elimination, Wrapper Method and Subset Selection. All feature selection methods generally represent better performance than a single SVM while Subset Selection outperforms other feature selection methods. We have tested SVM as a classification tool in a real-life drug discovery problem and our results revealed that it could be a useful method for classification task in early-phase of drug discovery.
Full Citation: Korkmaz, S., Zararsiz, G., Goksuluk, D. (2014). Drug/nondrug classification using support vector machines with various feature selection strategies. computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 117(2), 51-60.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Date of Award
Degree Name
Master of Arts
First Advisor
Dr. Paul Friday
Second Advisor
Dr. Lewis Walker
Third Advisor
Dr. Ronald Kramer
Access Setting
Masters Thesis-Open Access
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the type and severity of a crime and the offender's known history (past or present) of controlled substance abuse.
A random sample of federal cases between the years _PHONE_ was used to see if the offender's known problem with substance abuse had any impact on the severity of the recommended and actual sentence imposed on the offender.
Specific control variables such as race, age, educational level, and marital status of the offenders were also incorporated.
Included in
Criminology Commons


text:
The ground investigation is split into three investigation phases
- Phase 1 involves a desk study which reviews records, old maps and photographs of local land uses to determine if there are any observational risks at the site that require investigation.
- Phase 2 involves drilling boreholes or digging trial pits to take soil and water samples for testing to determine if ground contamination is present at a site. This often encompasses collecting information to inform for building foundation design.
- Phase 3 involves designing a strategy to carry out remediation of any contamination found, and verification that the remediation has been carried out properly. This stage is not required if no contamination has been found.
Free guide: 'Phase 1 Site Investigations Explained'
This guide has been written specifically for those new to contaminated land. It's a brief introduction for the uninitiated and gives an overview of the steps you need to follow. Download "Phase 1 Site Investigations Explained" now for free!


text:
HomeLight's algorithm uses transaction data to match buyers and sellers with real estate agents.
To maximize your chances of receiving referrals, you will need to ensure that your past 1-3 years of transaction history is uploaded and verified.
There are two ways to add transactions:
- If you have several transactions to add, we recommend using the upload spreadsheet tool.
- If you have a small number of transactions to add, you can add each of your transactions individually through the single transaction tool.
Once signed in, click here to upload your transactions.
Regardless of which method you use, keep in mind the following:
- We ask that you only upload residential sales transactions. You should not add rental, commercial, or land transactions.
- You'll need to provide supporting evidence that our team can use to cross-verify the transaction data you add. Verification examples could include a link to your sold listings on the MLS, your personal website, or a screenshot or PDF of your production report.
Bulk Uploading Transactions to HomeLight
To get started, you will need to gather the required information. Each transaction requires the following details:
- Which side of the transaction you represented (buyer, seller or both)
- Property type
- Full Property Address
- Original Listing Date and Price
- Selling Date and Price
Note: If you are licensed in a nondisclosure state, this information is still required, but will not be displayed publicly.
Once you have gathered the required information, download the template spreadsheet. This is the spreadsheet you will use to compile all of your transactions.
- The template spreadsheet contains a header row. Do not make any changes to this row or any of its contents.
- Next, begin entering your transaction data. Ensure that you don't skip any rows and all fields are formatted correctly.
- Columns A through K are required for each transaction. The remaining columns are optional, but you must leave the header rows intact. You are encouraged to fill out as many of the columns as possible.
- Once you are done, save the file in CSV format.
Use the "Upload spreadsheet" button to upload the file. You'll also be required to upload your verification evidence.
Uploading Single Transactions to HomeLight
To add a single transaction to HomeLight, click the "Single Transaction" button.
Simply fill out the form with the required information, then provide a link to your verification source or upload a verification file.
If there are any problems with the spreadsheet or verification you provided, you will receive an email with further details. Otherwise, you will receive a confirmation email letting you know that your transactions have been successfully verified. Once your transactions are verified, they will immediately be included in our referral matching algorithm.
Questions? Submit a support request here.


text:
When I Was Built Lesson Plan
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2
About this book
- When I Was Built by Jennifer Thermes
- chart paper
- a marker
Set Up and Prepare
Try visiting _URL_ to learn more about colonial foodways.
Turn to the two page spread that features the Fairchilds in front of the fireplace. Have a discussion about how that room might look different today. Record students' ideas on the chart paper.
Some questions to keep in mind: What time of day is it? How is the room being lit? Do they have electricity? How is food prepared? (Note in the picture there is a bake oven, kettle, butter churn, wooden peel, herbs hanging from the ceiling, and frying pans.)
Have students create a new drawing of a modern kitchen and compare it to the picture in the book.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


_USER_{NBERw10739, title = "The Dynamics of Criminal Behavior: Evidence from Weather Shocks", author = "Brian Jacob and Lars Lefgren and Enrico Moretti", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "10739", year = "2004", month = "September", doi = {10.3386/w10739}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {The persistence of criminal activity is well documented. While such serial correlation may be evidence of social interactions in the production of crime, it may also be due to the persistence of unobserved determinants of crime. Moreover, there are good reasons to believe that, particularly over a short time horizon, there may actually be a negative relationship between crime rates in a particular area due to displacement. In this paper, we exploit the correlation between weather and crime to examine the short-run dynamics of criminal behavior. Drawing on crime-level data from the FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System, we construct a panel of weekly crime data for 116 jurisdictions. Using the plausibly exogenous variation in lagged crime rates due to unexpected weather shocks, we find that the strong positive serial correlation documented in OLS is reversed. A ten percent increase in violent crime in one week is associated with a 2.6 percent reduction in crime the following week. The corresponding reduction for property crime is 2.0 percent. Additional displacement appears to occur over a longer time horizon. Furthermore, the results do not appear to be driven by persistence in weather conditions over time or displacement of non-criminal economic activity. These findings suggest that the long-run impact of temporary crime prevention efforts may be smaller than the short-run effects.}, }


text:
Potential Momentum Announcements
- May 2012 at Eclipse Day in Toulouse - Focus on availability of Paho client code, including Lua client.
- M2M content in Eclipse DemoCamps
- List of potential M2M events for Eclipse to participate
We would like to organize a series of M2M webinars to highlight the vision and solutions of the M2M working group. The Eclipse Foundation would host and promote the webinars. We will need speakers to volunteer to provide the content.
- Webinar 1: What is M2M?
- Provide an overview of what is meant by M2M, use cases, technical challenges and what the IWG hopes to accomplish.
- Speaker: Arlen and Benjamin
- Webinar 2: Anatomy of an M2M Application
- Speaker: James and Marco
- Webinar 2: Getting Started with MQTT
- Provide an introduction to MQTT, why and when people should consider using it and steps to getting started.
- Speaker: Scott to find speaker
- Webinar 3: Developing with Lua
- Introduce Lua language, why is it well suited for M2M and introduce Koneki
- Speaker: Benjamin
I suggest we look at doing a webinar every 2 weeks.
- September 13
- September 27
- October 11


text:
Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? ACE Certification Exam Math Refresher
Many of you may have seen the television show, "Are you Smarter than a 5th Grader?" and since my daughter is currently in the 5th grade, I thought it would be the perfect title for my blog post about math.
I have worked for 12 years with individuals preparing for ACE exams and a common fear many of them have is around the math. I sometimes ask myself why individuals are so fearful of math questions.
I personally have taken all four ACE exams and don't recall them being anything more than addition, subtraction, multiplication or division. To help put any irrational fears to rest, I've put together some of the common formulas, as well as some helpful math tips, to prepare you for the big day.
Age Predicted Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)
220 - Age = MHR
MHR x % intensity = Target Heart Rate (THR)
Example: 34 years old at 75% intensity
220 - 34 = 186 x 0.75 = 139.5 bpm
Karvonen Formula - Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)
220 - Age = MHR
MHR - Resting Heart Rate = HRR
(HRR x % intensity) + RHR = THR
Example: 34 year old, resting heart rate = 62 bpm, at 75% intensity
220 - 34 = 186 - 62 = 124 x 0.75 = 93 + 62 = 155 bpm
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Weight (kg) ÷ Height2 (m)
Weight conversion: weight in lb ÷ 2.2 = weight in kg
Height conversion: (height in inches x 2.54) ÷ 100 = height in meters
Example: Height = 5' 8" Weight = 196 lbs.
(5' x 12) + 8 = 68" 196 / 2.2 = 89 kg
(68" x 2.54) ÷ 100 = 1.73 m
89 kg ÷ (1.73 m x 1.73 m) = 29.7
Desired Body Weight (DBW)
DBW = LBW ÷ (1 - DBF%)
Step 1: 100 % - Fat % = Lean body %
Step 2: Body weight x Lean body % = LBW
Step 3: 100% - Desired fat % = Desired lean %
Step 4: LBW ÷ Desired lean % = DBW
Example: 200 lbs. individual with 30 % body fat.
How much will he/she weigh at 25 % body fat?
- 100 % - 30 % = 70 %
- 200 lbs. x 0.70 = 140 lbs. LBW
- 100 % - 25 % = 75 %
- 140 lbs. ÷ 0.75 = 187 DBW
Caloric (kcal) Values per Gram (g)
Fat = 9 kcal/g Alcohol = 7 kcal/g
Carbohydrates = 4 kcal/g Protein = 4 kcal/g
Multiplying by a percent
When multiplying by a percent, remember to move the decimal point 2 places to the left in your final answer.
Dividing by a percent
When dividing by a percent, move the decimal point over 2 places to the right before you start long division.
For example: Your client currently weighs 150 lbs. and is 30% body fat. You know her lean body weight is 105 lbs. and her desired percent body fat is 20%. To find her new ideal body weight at 20 % body fat, you must divide 105 lbs. by her new ideal lean body weight percent, which equals 80% or 0.80 in decimal form.
Finding the percent of a whole
When dividing a bigger number into a smaller number, you must add a decimal point and at least 2 zeros at the end of the smaller number. Be sure to extend the decimal point to your answer — writing your answer to the right of the decimal point since it will ultimately be a percent of the whole.
Looking for more practice with these essential calculations? The Fitness Math course will help you to review these critical math skills and formulae in greater depth so that you are confident and ready come exam day!


text:
COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY
The navigation of the operating room can be compared to that of a car. The GPS system of a car leads the driver safely to the predetermined destination, whereas the surgical navigation system helps the surgeon to arrange precisely the optimal position of the artificial joint.
This system is especially advantageous in case of strong deformations of the joint. Moreover, it is often possible to perform the operation, making short incisions, according to the so-called minimally invasive posterior approach: a smaller incision restricts the surgeon's field of vision, the navigation technology displays the patient's anatomy as a complete three-dimensional image on the screen.
The important point is that the navigation differs fundamentally from robotic surgery: the operation is always performed by the surgeon himself. The system merely supports his knowledge and experience. It gives the surgeon additional information directly, but does not take the whole operation out of his hands.
Beispielbild der computergestützten Navigation


How to install the disc brake?
Vekkit motor hubs are compatible with standard six-bolt disc rotors. The rotor is mounted onto the hub.
First, unscrew the disc brake bolts from the motor hub.
With some motors a rotor spacer is included - it can be placed between the hub and the rotor if needed, depending on the brake caliper position.
Carefully tighten the rotor bolts. Make sure not to apply too much power so that the hub is not damaged.
Before installing the wheel into the fork, loosen the caliper's adjustments bolts. This way the caliper can be moved sideways to match the rotor's position.
The disc brake caliper can be adjusted by moving sideways
Insert the wheel into the fork's dropouts carefully.
Slightly rotate the wheel to check if spokes touch the the caliper's body. If it does touch the spokes, you can add one or two spacers on the axle between the dropout and the hub or use the axle adapter as a big spacer:
After you make sure that the wheel rotates freely and the rotor fits well between the caliper's brake pads, tighten the axle nuts at both sides.
Finally, fine-tune the caliper's body so that the pads don't touch the rotor and tighten the adjustment bolts.
That's it! Rotate the wheel again to be sure that everything is secure and rotates as it should.


text:
"Read this book and discover sex again, but from a scientific perspective, and see why it evolved. It's almost as much fun, and needs less energy."
— Peter Macinnis, author of 100 Discoveries: The Greatest Breakthroughs in History
"How Sex Works manages to inject science writing with the prurient thrill of a gossip rag."
Medical maverick and New York Times bestselling author of Survival of the Sickest Dr. Sharon Moalem presents an insightful and engaging voyage through the surprising history and evolution of sexual reproduction. Fans of Freakonomics, Blink, You: The Owner's Manual, and Why Do Men Have Nipples will find many engaging insights in How Sex Works.


text:
Translation of ramp in Spanish:
- 1 1.1 (slope) entrance or on ramp (US)vía (feminine) de acceso (a una autopista)exit or off ramp (US)vía (feminine) de salida (de una autopista)Example sentences1.2 (on ship, aircraft)
(for passengers) escalerilla (feminine)(for vehicles) rampa (feminine)Example sentences1.3 (platform) 1.4 (hump) (British) speed ramp → speed bump
- Michelle rolled my wheelchair up the ramp on the stage, and I got to the microphone.
- The temple rises from the valley floor in three colonnaded terraces connected by ramps.
- They would also like to see the playground levelled and a ramp installed.
- I stumbled up the boarding ramp and entered the code sequence that would open the main hatch for me.
- There was no flying, of course, as the ramps, runways and aircraft were also ice covered.
- They hoist their bags on to the ramp, step up into the back of the aircraft and pass their bags forward to the cargo hold.
- Paddy O'Callaghan said that adults and children were crossing the road on a speed ramp.
- Controversial speed ramps at the Woodstock Service Station in Athy will be lowered.
- If we cannot control this, we're going to have to have ramps on all the roads.
- (British) [colloquial]Example sentences
- Share ramping is an evil and insidious force within any economy.
- The web may be the future for our finances, but it's also prey for a new, illegal craze, share ramping.
- What's more, their wide spreads makes dealing in penny shares expensive, plus their prices are notoriously volatile and susceptible to ramping.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Just like you, the Lone Wolf is a loner and amidst a row of soulmates at Dhanmondi Lake today, only he's alone. In this unfair world, each person has a soulmatesheep value. Two persons' soulmatesheep values are equal if and only if they are soulmates. That means, Sadly, there's no other person having the same soulmatesheep value as the Lone Wolf and hence the desolation.
In total, there are N persons in the row, and they are sitting from left to right in a non-decreasing order of their soulmatesheep values. More than two persons can't be soulmates so no value will occur more than twice and one value will occur exactly once. Outside the row, there's this Badamwala. You can ask the Badamwala about any contiguous segment of people in the row, and he'll answer you with the bitwise XOR of the solumatesheep values of all the persons in that segment. You have to find the value and position of the Lone Wolf without asking the Badamwala too many questions as today is his busy day.
Input begins with an integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 100000), the number of persons in the row. Then, you can start the interaction. The indexing in the row is 1-based and soul values are integers between 1 to 109 inclusive. In every test case the numbers are fixed beforehand and will not change during the queries, i.e. the interactor is not adaptive.
You can make two types of interactions with the Badamwala:
0 L R: Here, L and R (1 ≤ L ≤ R ≤N) are the positions of respectively the first and the last person in the segment you want to ask about. For each of these queries, the Badamwala will answer you with the bit-wise XOR of the values of all the persons in that range. You cannot make this type of interaction more than 20 times. If you ask more queries, you will receive "Wrong Answer" as the verdict.
1 X V: Here, X and V are respectively the value and the position of the Lone Wolf. You have to make exactly one interaction of this type and this interaction will terminate the execution. So, after this interaction, you will not receive any reply from the Badamwala. Now, if X and V are correct then you will get "Accepted" as the verdict. Otherwise, you will receive "Wrong Answer".
For invalid interactions, you may receive "Wrong Answer" or "CPU Limit Exceeded".
The second type of interaction that you can have only once is considered as the output of your program.
Let's say the queue looks like this : [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4]. So the Lone Wolf has value 3 and is at position 5. Here is what an example interaction would look like:
> 7 0 1 4 > 0 0 5 7 > 1 0 5 5 > 3 0 6 6 > 4 0 7 7 > 4 0 4 4 > 2 1 3 5


text:
The Policy & Partnerships Committee develops advocacy education strategy and works to align and inform policies at multiple levels to support afterschool and other expanded learning opportunities.
- Create a sustainable structure of statewide, regional, and local partnerships.
- Support the development and growth of statewide policies.
- Support statewide systems of quality.
- Develop policies and sustainable funding that support quality and access
- Engage leadership to spur changes in statewide policy, funding, administration, oversight.
- Promote effective collaboration and partnerships among stakeholders.
- Provide technical assistance and resources to communities, families, and afterschool programs
- Collaborate with the WAN Quality & Professional Development Committee to provide technical assistance to programs that promotes success and sustainability.
- Review agenda materials prior to meetings, participate in, and attend quarterly committee meetings or conference calls (at least 75% attendance).
- Serve at least one 2-year term.
- Be willing to undertake special assignments as needed, and actively participate in at least one of WAN's policy or professional development events.
- Ask timely and substantive questions at committee meetings while supporting decisions on issues decided by the committee.
- Suggest agenda items for committee meetings to ensure that significant ideas are addressed.
- Collaborate with staff and community partners.


text:
You have the ability to edit your image inside the library using Pixlr, a free image editing application. You can rotate, crop, resize, fix the exposure, adjust colors, sharpen and remove red-eye. To edit your image follow the steps listed below.
- Click on Tools | Library from the blue navigation bar
- Find the image in the library and move your mouse over the image - Click on the pencil that appears in the lower right corner
- When Pixlr opens, click the button that applies to the changes you want to make, add text, filters, crop, etc.
- Resize by pixels, crop to remove unneeded space, flip and/or rotate to change the orientation of your image
- Click Apply then Save and you will be given the option to either overwrite the existing image or save it as a new image


Mass Effect Wiki
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Location: Milky WayKrogan DMZNith System First planet
Prerequisite: Priority: Sur'Kesh (Mass Effect 3)
The class-B blue giant Nith was once the most strategically valuable system within krogan territory. Though far too hot for habitation, Nith emits thousands of times the energy of a main sequence star like Earth's Sol. With help from salarian uplift teams, the krogan constructed a chain of solar power collector stations in orbit around Nith. These vast arrays beamed power to particle accelerators on the surface of Mantun, which manufactured antiproton fuel for warship thrusters. In the Krogan Rebellions the Spectre agents managed to get a virus into the computers of the solar power arrays; every fifth array suddenly applied braking thrusters. The arrays behind them "piled up", and all were reduced to wreckage. This has since dispersed into a relatively stable ring system. The krogan never had the resources to rebuild the solar arrays, depriving them of their fleet's main fuel supply for the remainder of the war. The particle accelerators still exist on Mantun but have not been used in thousands of years.
Mineral DepositsEdit
Initial Scanner Result: Rich
Mineral Amount Approximate Value
Palladium Medium 5,800
Platinum Medium 5,600
Iridium High 15,700
Element Zero Low 4,800
Ad blocker interference detected!


text:
- n. Alternative form of knockoff.
- v. Used other than as an idiom: see knock, off.
- v. transitive To bump or hit so that something falls off
- v. idiomatic, intransitive To quit; stop doing work or other activity. The term originated from the practice aboard slave galleys to have a man beat time for the rowers by knocking on a block or drum; when he stopped, the rowers could rest.
- v. idiomatic To kill someone
- v. idiomatic To reduce or remove
- v. idiomatic To steal.
- v. transitive To make a copy of, as of a design.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. See knock off in the vocabulary.
- n. a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.
- v. to quit (working).
- v. to accomplish; -- frequently used when the task is accomplished rapidly.
- v. colloq. to kill; to defeat (opponents).
- v. to discount, to deduct (a sum from a price).
- v. to rob.
- v. to make a knockoff of; to copy or imitate, usually without permission or admission of copying.
- v. cut the price of
- v. write quickly
- v. take by theft
- v. get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing
- v. stop pursuing or acting
"To build Rijeka all they had to do was knock off chunks of rock, roll them down to the edge of the valley, stack them in rectangles, and top the rectangles with thatched roofs; and that was all they had done, about the time Columbus started across the Atlantic to find India."
"That a deep, hungry team could add a post-up scoring threat like seven-footer James Edwards obtained from Phoenix Suns in midseason, the Pistons had all the tools to knock off Boston."
"There's diurnal fluctuation in the grounding line, of course, about three metres as the tide goes up and down, and eventually the abrasion will knock off enough ice at the bottom to unbalance the berg."
"So he was called Scraps, and, since he was nobody's dog, was everybody's dog -- so much so, that Mr. Jackson promised to knock Ah Moy's block off if he did not feed the puppy well, while Sigurd Halvorsen, in the forecastle, did his best to knock off Henrik Gjertsen's block when the latter was guilty of kicking Scraps out of his way."
"We got to run the mangle to-night, but Thursday we'll knock off at six."
"He had previously beaten not only Dick Nixon, a former vice-president of the United States, but U.S. Senator William F. Knowland, an Oakland publisher who was another Republican powerhouse in California, and I suspect he thought it would be even easier to knock off this newcomer to politics from Hollywood."
"The Skipper' "At some point all of us wanted to knock off Marcia—and so I did," says Roxanne Diesel, author of the Brady script."
"No one's expecting another 30-something-point game Monday, but Heat coach Erik Spoelstra knows it'll take one of those efforts to knock off the Cavs."
These user-created lists contain the word 'knock off'.
Looking for tweets for knock off.


text:
ICAN @ Trier University
Welcome to the Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience @ Trier University!
The ICAN is a collaboration of researchers who share a common interest in the study of the neural basis of human cognition, affect and behavior. The ICAN brings together research interests in neuroscience in the Trier area. The internal and external members of the ICAN maintain an exchange about current projects and research topics within a regular colloquium. In addition, expertise in the core neuroscientific methods is passed on in the ICAN within workshops and training courses; this also applies in particular to young scientists. The ICAN is thus the central scientific platform in the Trier area with the aim of promoting cooperative neuroscientific research.


text:
This document describes fax error correction mode (ECM).
There are no specific requirements for this document.
This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware
Technical Tips Conventions for information on document
The ECM feature in fax communications is optional and is negotiated at
the beginning of a fax call during the Digital Information Signal (DIS)/Digital
Command Signal (DCS) message exchange. If both the sending and receiving fax
devices support ECM, ECM is typically used during the fax call. If either
device does not support or agree to ECM, the fax transaction proceeds as a
normal G3, non-ECM call. This process allows fax devices that support ECM to be
compatible with other fax devices that do not support the feature.
ECM is used to detect and correct errors in the fax page data. In order
to detect and correct errors in the fax page data, ECM divides each fax page
data into blocks, known as partial pages. These partial pages contain
high-level data link control (HDLC) frames that have a Frame Check Sequence
(FCS) value that can be checked to ensure the integrity of the data in that
partial page. The terminating fax machine will checksum the HDLC frames as an
error detection method, and it will request for a frame to be retransmitted if
it is corrupt (that is, contains errors). The retransmittion of errored frames
for a page that contains many errors can be very time consuming and
consequently greatly delay the delivery of a fax or even cause the fax to fail.
Most fax machines automatically redial if a fax transmission does not make it
through. ECM relies on this automatic redial to try again at another time when
there will be an opportunity for a better-quality connection.
The main advantage of ECM is that it guarantees error-free faxes. The
principal disadvantage for ECM is that its persistent error correcting behavior
can cause faxes to fail or take a long time to successfully deliver a fax when
line quality is poor or conditions where there are lots of errors. If this
problem is encountered, most fax devices can easily disable the ECM feature.
Consequently, another disadvantage of ECM when in an IP environment is that it
is less tolerant of packet loss than non-ECM calls.
Cisco gateways that use passthrough as their fax transport method
cannot alter the ECM setting as it is negotiated between the fax endpoints in
the DISC/DCS negotiation. This is because with passthrough the gateways do not
demodulate the T.30 messages, rather they are passed through transparently in a
G.711 codec across the IP network. However, if the gateway uses fax relay as
the fax transport method, then it does demodulate the T.30 messages and can
manipulate the ECM negotiation. On Cisco IOS® voice gateways, the default
behavior is to not manipulate or alter the ECM setting that is negotiated by
the end fax devices. If you need for ECM to be disabled for a fax call
(regardless of the ECM setting decided by the fax endpoints) on Cisco IOS voice
gateways, you can use the Cisco IOS fax-relay ecm disable
configuration command under the VoIP dial peer or, in the case of
MGCP, use the no mgcp fax t38 ecm command. (Note
that the no mgcp fax t38 ecm command also works for
Cisco fax relay.) In order to allow the gateway to override the ECM setting
(bit 27) in the DIS message from the answering fax machine, these commands
demodulate the DIS message and flip bit 27 (the bit that signals ECM support by
the answering fax machine) to indicate that it does not support ECM. As shown
in Figure 1, this process essentially tricks the originating fax machine to
think the answering fax machine does not support ECM, so it responds with a no
ECM support setting in the DCS message, and the call proceeds as a regular
non-ECM fax call.
Figure 1. ECM Feature Disabled by a Cisco
From a message flow perspective, ECM and non-ECM calls are similar. The
main difference is that with ECM the fax page data is broken into partial
pages. The partial pages are blocks of data of a fixed size. There might be one
or more partial pages that correspond to one physical page.
In Figure 2, the message exchange for a standard, two-page G3 fax
transaction using ECM is shown. As illustrated in the image, the first page is
broken into two partial pages while the second page is wholly transmitted by a
single partial page.
Figure 2. ECM Two-Page Fax
The different partial page messages that are used in the T.30 signaling
of an ECM call are:
A PPS-NULL message follows any partial page block that is not the
last block for a page.
The final page block for a particular page is followed by a PPS-MPS
A PPS-EOP is sent when the last block of the last page is transmitted
to indicate there is no more page data to be sent.
The reception of all three PPS messages above are acknowledged by a
Message Confirmation (MCF).
Since the whole point of ECM is to detect and correct any page errors,
it has a T.30 message to signal this. The Partial Page Request (PPR) is the
T.30 message used by the terminating device to indicate that some portion of
the partial page it received contained error(s) and that the originating fax
machine must retransmit that data block. The PPR tells the calling fax device
specifically where in the partial page errors were detected. This process
prevents the originating fax machine from resending the entire partial page
again but still maintains the data integrity of the whole page.
Figure 2 shows that the partial page, which makes up the second
physical page, contained errors. These errors are known because a PPR is sent
by the terminating fax machine to request a retransmission of the corrupted
portion of the partial page. The corrupted portion of the partial page is
retransmitted by the originating fax machine in another Partial Page Signal
(PPS)/End Of Procedure (EOP) message. There are no errors encountered, so the
corrected data block is acknowledged with an MCF, and the call disconnects
gracefully with a DCN (Disconnect) message.


text:
In Umlaut, there is a database column that basically corresponds to "service_status". This gets set, in sequence, to "queued", "in_progress", and then "complete". (Also some possibility of error statuses etc).
There is a point in Umlaut logic where it first checks to make sure a row is "queued", then only if it is sets it to "in_progress" and executes the service.
The idea is that if it was already set to "in_progress" by someone else (another thread or another process entirely), we leave it alone, we don't execute the logic, it's already in progress by someone else.
And the problem with the original implementation was the race condition. First we fetch the model instance (an SQL query), and check it's service_status. Then, only if it's service_status is 'queued', do we set it's service_status to 'in_progress' and proceed to execute. But the race condition is clear here — in between the first SQL query to fetch, and the second to update, some other thread or process may have already updated it to 'in_progress' and began execution, and now we have double execution.
The solution? Some form of "optimistic locking" using the atomic facilities of any rdbms. Now, I'm not actually talking about the 'optimistic locking' feature built into ActiveRecord. You probably could use that feature here, but it requiers adding a special column to your db, rescuing 'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError' etc. The optimistic locking feature built into AR is potentially a powerful general purpose tool when you need to avoid concurrent updates to any column at all in many different scenarios.
But for this particular use case, there's a simpler way to do it ourselves. We basically want to have a single SQL line that updates the column to 'in_progress' if and only if it was already 'queued', in a single atomic rdbms operation, and then lets us know if the update happened or not. We can generate such an SQL using ActiveRecord 3 update_all.
my_active_record_model = ModelClass.where( however_we_fetched_it ) num_updated = ModelClass.where(:id => my_active_record_model.id, :service_status => "queued"). update_all(:service_status => "in_progress") if num_updated > 0 # we updated, execute else # it did not have a service_status of queued, someoen # else beat us to it end
- Haven't actually updated Umlaut yet, there are some annoying legacy issues in Umlaut that make this a bit harder to fix.
- Note that update_all does not automatically update ActiveRecord 'updated_at' columns, you can include those yourself if you want them in the hash of columns to update. ':updated_at => Time.now'.
- This is also an example of why you need to know and understand SQL and rdbms even if you are using a good ORM like ActiveRecord. And I love ORM's, but if you didn't know SQL/rdbms, you wouldn't be able to come up with a clear way to solve this race condition in terms of SQL, and then figure out the cleanest way to do that with AR.)
- Some answers on the web to analagous problems to this one suggest using db transactions here. I suspect that transactions may not even be able to solve this problem, but even if there's a way to do it somehow with transactions, it's going to be messier. Transactions aren't in fact the right tool here. A simple optimistic locking 'update…where' is.


text:
George Eliot is the pen name of Mary Anne Evans (22 November 1819 - 22 December 1880), who was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England, are well known for their realism and psychological perspicacity.
She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure that her works were taken seriously. Female authors published freely under their own names, but Eliot wanted to ensure that she was not seen as merely a writer of romances. An additional factor may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes.


text:
In 3D-wavelet video coding framework temporal filtering is done along the trajectory of motion using Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering (MCTF). Hence computationally efficient motion estimation technique is the need of MCTF. In this paper a predictive technique is proposed in order to reduce the computational complexity of the MCTF framework, by exploiting the high correlation among the frames in a Group Of Picture (GOP). The proposed technique applies coarse and fine searches of any fast block based motion estimation, only to the first pair of frames in a GOP. The generated motion vectors are supplied to the next consecutive frames, even to subsequent temporal levels and only fine search is carried out around those predicted motion vectors. Hence coarse search is skipped for all the motion estimation in a GOP except for the first pair of frames. The technique has been tested for different fast block based motion estimation algorithms over different standard test sequences using MC-EZBC, a state-of-the-art scalable video coder. The simulation result reveals substantial reduction (i.e. 20.75% to 38.24%) in the number of search points during motion estimation, without compromising the quality of the reconstructed video compared to non-predictive techniques. Since the motion vectors of all the pair of frames in a GOP except the first pair will have value ±1 around the motion vectors of the previous pair of frames, the number of bits required for motion vectors is also reduced by 50%.
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology|
|Publication status||Published - 03-2009|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
Ethnic Anklet Tutorial on How to Make an Anklet with String and Beads
Summary: In this article, I will show you how to make an anklet with string and bead. As you can see from the picture, this is an ethnic anklet with beads. It's also easy to make, let's check the details.
Anklet is especially popular during summer. You can wear on your feet when go to the beach or just go out shopping or something else. In order to create an ethnic anklet, I chose some handmade lampwork beads and glass beads to start. Now follow me to learn how to make it.
Supplies in the ethnic anklet DIY:
Instructions on making the ethnic beaded anklet:
Step 1: Attach lampwork bead
1st, snip off a long black elastic string, and tie a knot with nylon thread as a starting point;
2nd, cross the elastic string through the lampwork bead's hole and tie the other end tightly to the elastic string.
Step 2: Add beads to the string
1st, thread a good seed bead, a bead and a seed bead to a short nylon string;
2nd, tie it to the elastic string and trim off the excess;
3rd, thread a gold seed bead to a long nylon string and tie to the starting point.
Step 3: Bead the main part
1st, thread black glass beads and gold seed beads alternatively and until you finally reach the bead and tie the thread to the elastic string in the same place as the bead;
2nd, snip off 2 black nylon threads and thread beads as the previous thread, and then tie ends on the elastic string;
3rd, attach 2 beads on the string.
Step 4: Finish the anklet
1st, prepare a short chain, 2 cord endings and a lobster clasp;
2nd, attach 2 cord endings to the string;
3rd,connet the anklet with chain and lobster clasp.
Just look at my handmade anklet! I love it and I wore it on my feet immediately.
Making an ethnic anklet at home is a meaningful thing instead of lying in bed playing cellphone. The supplies in this easy DIY project are simple too, making it easier for both green hands and professional jewelry makers. There are many other anklet designs on this site, just check what you like.


text:
The Bigger Picture
Photo and caption by Matt Mahony
As I walked alongside a swift glacial river in Jasper National Park, the stripe in this small rock caught my attention. Its unique shape reminded me of the innate connection between the rocks littering the ground beneath my feet and the towering mountains above. The perspective captured in this photo inspires the realization that this small rock is on its own journey across the surface of the Earth that began a long time ago in the majestic peaks where it originated.
Location: Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada


text:
A British scientist named Robert Edwards has won the Nobel Medicine Prize for his work on in-vitro fertilisation. The committee said that Edwards' work "represents a milestone in the development of modern medicine".
The 85-year-old scientist began developing the process in the 1950s. Fertilisation outside of the human body had previously eluded scientists, but Edwards combined an egg and a sperm in a petri dish, and then successfully implanted the resulting fertilised cell back in the patient's uterus. The first person to be concieved using this procedure was Louise Brown, in 1978.
Since then, about four million people have been born using IVF techniques, and it has a live birth rate of about 27 percent, though that varies dramatically based on the demographics and background of the parents.
Edwards also founded the first IVF centre in Cambridge, the Bourn Hall Clinic.
The Nobel jury added: "A new field of medicine has emerged, with Robert Edwards leading the process all the way from the fundamental discoveries to the current, successful IVF therapy. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that IVF children are as healthy as other children."
The announcements of the physics and chemistry prizes will be made on 5 and 6 October, and the higher-profile awards -- literature and peace -- will follow on 7 and 8 October. The economics prize will be awarded the following week -- 11 October, 2010.
Last week, the satirical Ig Nobel prizes were handed out, rewarding scientific research that "first makes people laugh, and then makes them think". The winners included study into fellatio in fruitbats, a method to collect whale snot using a miniature helicopter, and research that indicates that asthma can be treated with roller-coaster rides. You can see the full list of results in our story about the Ig Nobels.


How State Boundaries Would Look Based on Equal PopulationS
While it's not for us to suggest that state boundaries are in any way arbitrary, artist Neil Freeman has re-imagined what a map of the US would look like if each and every state had an identical population count.
As Freeman explains, there's some evidence to suggest this is a good idea:
So he set to work:
The capitals of the states are existing states capitals where possible, otherwise large or central cities have been chosen. The suggested names of the new states are taken mainly from geographical features.
The result is fascinating and, perhaps, controversial, Which is something Freeman also notes:
For those of you who like the design, Freeman is contemplating making a poster version. You can see the full image below. [Fake is the New Real via Flowing Data]
How State Boundaries Would Look Based on Equal PopulationS


text:
The TO HVL filter stand is designed for use with any x-ray system. This test object (when used with an appropriate set of Al. filters and a multi-meter) allows the medical physicist or radiographer to test the half value layer (HVL) of their x-ray system.
TO HVL features the following test details:
- Adjustable height; four options − 30, 35, 45 and 50 cm FID, to suit a range of modalities
- Quick central alignment check
- Detector recess in base
TO HVL is supplied in a protective carry case.
Conforms to standards:
- IEC 60601-1-3


text:
Winnett Cemetery, established in 1916, is the archetypical prairie cemetery of eastern and central Montana communities. The markers represent the homestead settlement era, the oil boom of the 1920s, and the slow decline in rural population thereafter. While relics of the homestead settlement era are representative of many communities east of the Divide, the oil boom relics are specific to the Winnett area. The grave markers are made from locally available materials, which is typical of the prairie communities in the early 1900s. These materials include sandstone, iron spikes, and railroad ties. Furthermore, the cemetery is a physical reminder of the hardships endured by the settlers of the early 20th century.
The cemetery included misaligned rows, lost markers, and areas filled with undocumented graves. The disorganization made it difficult to locate family plots and individual graves. Using a grant from the History Foundation, the Petroleum County Conservation District employed Archaeo-physics and the University of Montana Archaeological School to complete a geophysical survey. This data was used to create a field map locating all known burials.


_URL_ C & C++ DMDScript
digitalmars.D - A note about ranged types
This post contains lazy thoughts born from this line:
Ranged numeric types: Ranged!(int, 0, 10)
present in the slide 46 of this document recently shown by Walter:
Feel free to ignore this post, because it contains nothing of immediate value.
This little program is just an example (you have to assume that generally the
body of this function is longer, it may call other sub-functions, etc). It
takes as input an unsigned 'n' and it must return an array of n integers in [0,
n) (the actual value of the integers is not specified, so a array of n zero
integers is OK).
n is not known at compile-time. The program contains two bugs, the result array
is longer than n, and one of its values is larger than n-1:
int[] foo(size_t n)
out(result) {
 assert(result.length == n);
 foreach (x; result)
 assert(x >= 0 && x < n);
} body {
 auto array = new int[n+1]; // bug #1
 array[0] = n+1; // bug #2
 return array;
void main(string[] args) {
Experience in debugging shows that you want your program to blow up as close
(and soon) as possible where the bugs actually are, because this reduces
debugging time and makes debugging more easy. The foo() post-condition _is_
able to catch both bugs (the program stops at the first assert. If you fix the
first bug it then finds the second), but the bugs are found in the out(){} and
not inside the body{} where they are. If the body {} is longer, and it calls
other functions, etc, finding the bug may require some time.
This foo() function is silly and useless but it's able to show two of the most
common invariants you want in code that uses arrays: enforcing the an array has
a specific length (known at run-time) (or a length no bigger than a value), and
enforcing some (simple) invariant on the items it contains.
The ranges of Ranged numeric types are compile-time constants. If the bounds
are not known at compile-time, then array[] has to know the invariant of its
items (when you assign a value to the array, it performs a run-time test to be
sure the value is in [0,n). Currently you can't attach an invariant() function
to a built-in array, or a pre-condition to its assign method).
A general solution to this class of problems asks for a complex type system
(dependent types), but Ada language shows that you are able to catch most
array-related bugs even with a much less fancy type system, able to assert only
few things/invariants.
May 13 2011


How Prairie Winds Affect Wood Trusses in Kansas
prairie winds in Kansas
Storm Clouds SaskatchewanKansas is notorious for its prairie winds. Engineers have always had to take these winds into account when designing structures across the state.
Prairie winds can be downright dangerous if you're working with the wrong building materials.
Every day, truss designers need to take a variety of factors into account when building for the prairie winds in Kansas. Here are some important things to know about how truss systems are affected by Kansas prairie winds:
Truss builders need to calculate wind pressures using two blended methods
There are two broad ways to calculate wind pressures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) and Components & Cladding (C&C).
MWFRS applies to a structural frame or an assembly of structural elements that work together to transfer wind loads to the ground.
C&C applies to components that directly receive wind loads – like wall coverings, roof coverings, fasteners, and girts. Components and Cladding are typically exposed to higher wind pressures than MWFRS elements.
Trusses fall into both categories. Thus, the industry-standard practice is to design the truss to handle both MWFRS loads and C&C loads.
Truss builders need to consult wind maps to identify correct wind speeds
Building codes typically require the use of a 90-mph wind speed for inland areas of the United States. However, you'll need to consult local wind maps and government building codes for region-specific information.
Experienced builders don't settle with just the 90-mph wind speed standard. Experienced builders increase the durability to handle wind speeds around 100 and 110 mph. With wood trusses in Kansas, increases wind speed durability is a major consideration. All trusses must be designed to withstand substantial wind, more than the average structure.
Building usage affects wind pressure calculations
Buildings fall into a number of different usage categories. Specifically, there are three broad categories of building usages:
-Category I: A building that will have a low hazard to human life if it fails
-Category II: A building that presents a substantial hazard to human life if it fails
-Category III and IV: Buildings that are critical facilities or present a substantial hazard to human life in the event of a failure.
Different building exposures affect truss design
Buildings located on empty, flat land are more affected by wind pressure than buildings surrounded by trees and other buildings.
Building codes classify these buildings in four different ways:
Exposure A: Buildings located in downtown areas or city centers.
Exposure B: Urban and suburban buildings that are surrounded by similar-sized buildings and trees.
Exposure C: Buildings in an open area with scattered obstructions.
Exposure D: A building exposed to unobstructed wind for at least one mile over flat land.
Good truss builders take all of these factors into account
Ultimately, truss builders have a lot of responsibility. In Kansas, flat plains let wind travel unobstructed for hundreds of miles. Rural buildings and even many suburban buildings are rarely protected against substantial wind.
To take truss manufacturing to the next level, Timberlake TrussWorks builds wood trusses capable of withstanding strong winds. The key to a sound structure requires the builder to guarantee trusses are fastened tightly against the wall. This is accomplished by installing TimberLOK Screws, which we happily provide.
These screws are hurricane ties – able to withstand the brunt force of harsh winds caused by severe storms. TimberLOK Screws keep trusses and roofs stable and secure during harsh weather conditions experienced on the plains of Kansas.
If you're shopping for wood trusses in Kansas, then you can't settle for average. Kansas's prairie winds chew up average wood trusses and quickly reduce the lifespan of structures. If you're looking for wood trusses in Kansas that offer a higher level of quality and longer-lasting support, then order from Timberlake TrussWorks today.
Related Posts


text:
Surviving texts from the Ancient Near East reveal a cosmology that included a dark underworld realm, principally associated with fertility cycles and describing fertility gods and goddesses who are captured and imprisoned in this realm.
In this underworld contrary gods live permanently in a world without joy where there is only dust to eat and drink. This land also served as a great warehouse for dead mortals. It was not conspicuously a place of punishment, but hints of judgment and retribution are already evident, and these elements became significant elements in other cultures as the idea of hell developed.
Evidence of this underworld are found in portions of five texts, which have been included here from:
- The Epic of Gilgamesh
- The Descent of Inanna to the Netherworld
- Baal and the Underworld
- The Descent of Ishtar
- The Vision of Kummâ.
This work is published in conjunction with the website
_URL_, which presents a comprehensive collection of materials on the more than 100 visions, tours and descriptions of the infernal otherworld from the cultures of the world from 2000 BCE to the present. This second edition contains a new preface, introduction and bibliography.
Five texts, preface, introduction, notes, bibliography, glossary, web resources.
Paperback, 76 pages.


Status symbol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A status symbol is a perceived visible, external denotation of one's social position and perceived indicator of economic or social status.[1] Many luxury goods are often considered status symbols. Status symbol is also a sociological term – as part of social and sociological symbolic interactionism – relating to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols.[2]
Status symbols by region and time[edit]
Social status is often associated with clothing and possessions. Compare the foreman with a horse and high hat with the inquilino in picture. Image from 19th century rural Chile
As people aspire to high status, they often seek also its symbols. As with other symbols, status symbols may change in value or meaning over time, and will differ among countries and cultural regions, based on their economy and technology.
Military symbol of excellence
Galero hat, symbol of ecclesiastical status
For example, before the invention of the printing press, possession of a large collection of laboriously hand-copied books was a symbol of wealth and scholarship. In later centuries, books (and literacy) became more common, so a private library became less-rarefied as a status symbol, though a sizable collection still commands respect.
In some past cultures of East Asia, pearls and jade were major status symbols, reserved exclusively for royalty. Similar legal exclusions applied to the toga and its variants in ancient Rome, and to cotton in the Aztec Empire. Special colors, such as imperial yellow (in China) or royal purple (in ancient Rome) were reserved for royalty, with severe penalties for unauthorized display. Another common status symbol of the European medieval past was heraldry, a display of one's family name and history.
Societal recognition[edit]
Status symbols also indicate the cultural values of a society or a subculture. For example, in a commercial society, having money or wealth and things that can be bought by wealth, such as cars, houses, or fine clothing, are considered status symbols. In a society that values honor or bravery, a battle scar would be more of a status symbol. In academic circles, a long list of publications and a securely tenured position at a prestigious university or research institute are a mark of high status. It has been speculated that the earliest foods to be domesticated were luxury feast foods used to cement one's place as a "rich person".[3]
A uniform symbolizes membership in an organization, and may display additional insignia of rank, specialty, tenure and other details of the wearer's status within the organization. A state decoration medal or badge can show that the wearer has heroic or official status. Elaborate color-coded academic regalia is often worn during commencement ceremonies, indicating academic rank and specialty.
In many cultures around the world, diverse visual markers of marital status are widely used. Coming of age rituals may involve acquisition and display of status symbols of adulthood. Dress codes may specify who ought to wear particular kinds or styles of clothing, and when and where specific items of clothing are displayed.
Body modifications[edit]
Ancient Central American Maya cultures artificially induced crosseyedness and flattened the foreheads of high-born infants as a permanent, lifetime sign of noble status.[4] The Mayans also filed their teeth to sharp points to look fierce, or inset precious stones into their teeth as decoration.[4]
In modern society, plastic surgery, botox injections, breast implants, silicone injections, and more radical body modifications such as surgical rib removal are used in attempts to achieve a more desirable appearance. Multiple piercings, tattoos, and other body modifications are highly valued among certain subcultures in Western societies. In some contemporary cultures, gold or silver teeth are considered an appropriate display of wealth, and are preferred over less-visible natural-colored teeth.
Dieting to reduce excess body fat is widely practiced in Western society, while some traditional societies still value obesity as a sign of prosperity. Development of muscles through exercise, previously disdained as a stigma of doing heavy manual labor, is now highly valued as a sign of personal achievement. Some groups, such as extreme bodybuilders and sumo wrestlers use special exercise and diet to "bulk up" into an even more impressive appearance.
Less-permanent body modifications are also popular, such as manicures and pedicures, artificial nails, colored contact lenses, and tooth whitening. Hair treatments, including hair coloring, "permanents", hair extensions, wigs, toupees, hair straightening, and hair curling are major industries. The use of cosmetics is widespread among women, and some men. Shaving or depilation of facial and body hair, sometimes in decorative patterns, is widely practiced by both sexes.
Material possessions[edit]
Mercedes-Benz luxury vehicles are status symbols in many cultures.[5]
Possessions typically perceived as status symbols may include a mansion or penthouse apartment,[6] a trophy spouse,[7] haute couture fashionable clothes,[8] jewelry,[9] or a luxury vehicle.[5] A sizeable collection of high-priced artworks or antiques may be displayed, sometimes in multiple seasonally occupied residences located around the world. Privately owned aircraft and luxury yachts are movable status symbols that can be taken from one glamorous location to another; the "jet set" refers to wealthy individuals who travel by private jet and who frequent fashionable resorts.[10]
Status symbols are also used by persons of much more modest means. In the Soviet Union before the fall of the Berlin Wall, possession of American-style blue jeans or rock music recordings (even pirated or bootlegged copies) was an important status symbol among rebellious teenagers. In the 1990s, foreign cigarettes in China, where a pack of Marlboro could cost one day's salary for some workers, were seen as a status symbol.[11] Cellphone usage had been considered a status symbol (for example in Turkey in the early 1990s),[12] but is less distinctive today, because of the spread of inexpensive cellphones. Nonetheless Apple products such as iPod or iPhone are common status symbols among modern teenagers.[13][14]
A common type of modern status symbol is a prestigious branded item, whether apparel or other type of a good.[8] The brand name or logo is often prominently displayed, or featured as a graphic design element of decoration. Certain brands are so highly valued that cheap counterfeit goods or knockoff copies are purchased and displayed by those who do not want to, or are unable to, pay for the genuine item.
Narcissistic supply[edit]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Cherrington, David J. (1994). Organizational Behavior. Allyn and Bacon. p. 384. ISBN 0-205-15550-2.
 5. ^ a b Murray, Geoffrey (1994). Doing Business in China: The Last Great Market. China Library. ISBN 1-873410-28-X.
 6. ^ Winter, Ian C. (1995). The Radical Home Owner. Taylor & Francis. p. 47. ISBN 2-88449-028-0.
 7. ^ Hill, Marcia; Esther D. Rothblum (1996). Classism and Feminist Therapy: Counting Costs. Haworth Press. p. 79. ISBN 1-56024-801-7.
 8. ^ a b Donna D. Heckler; Brian D. Till (10 October 2008). The Truth About Creating Brands People Love. FT Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-13-270118-1. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
 9. ^ Rebecca Ross Russell (5 June 2010). Gender and Jewelry: A Feminist Analysis. Rebecca Ross Russell. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4528-8253-6. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
 13. ^ Alexander Greyling. Face your brand! The visual language of branding explained. Alex Greyling. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-620-44310-4. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
 14. ^ Said Baaghil (9 January 2013). Glamour Globals: Trends Over Brands. iUniverse. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4759-7167-5. Retrieved 10 September 2013.


text:
The scribble/eval library provides utilities for evaluating code at document-build time and incorporating the results in the document, especially to show example uses of defined procedures and syntax.
Here is an example where the OP was:
trying to figure out a way to insert some text in between Scheme definitions: that is, have some definitions (_USER_ or equivalent), with their explanations (text mode), and then an interaction, like _USER_, except that it should be aware of the preceeding definitions.
Here is the solution:
_TAG_ scribble/manual @(require scribble/eval) @(define ex-eval (make-base-eval)) First, we define _USER_[x]: _USER_[ #:eval ex-eval (define x 1) ] Next, we use it: _USER_[ #:eval ex-eval x ] @(close-eval ex-eval)


Definition of:edge connector
edge connector
The protruding part of an expansion board that is inserted into an expansion slot. It contains a series of printed lines that go to and come from the circuits on the board. The number of lines (pins) and the width and depth of the lines are different on the various interfaces (ISA, EISA, PCI, Micro Channel, etc.).
Edge Connector
Edge connectors are very popular because they are "printed" onto the outer layers of the board in the same process that creates the circuit lines.
Plug In Cartridges
Edge connectors provide a simple connection mechanism for cartridges such as these educational programs for preschoolers.


text:
Iceberg Lake Typical Of All
( Originally Published Early 1900's )
In some respects Iceberg Lake is Glacier's supreme spectacle. There are few spots so wild. There may be no easily accessible spot in the world half so wild. Imagine a horseshoe of perpendicular rock wall, twenty-seven hundred to thirty-five hundred feet high, a glacier in its inmost curve, a lake of icebergs in its centre.
The back of the tower-peak of Mount Wilbur is the southern end of this horseshoe. This enclosure was not built up from below, as it looks, but bitten down within and without; it was left. On the edge of the lake in early July the sun sets at four o'clock.
Stupendous as Iceberg Lake is as a spectacle, its highest purpose is illustrative. It explains Glacier. Here by this lakeside, fronting the glacier's floating edge and staring up at the jagged top in front and on either side, one comprehends at last. The appalling story of the past seems real.


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Difference between Adaptor and Scaffold protein
What is the difference between and scaffold protein??
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Difference between Adaptor and Scaffold proteins
Both of these types of proteins are involved in the signaling pathway.
Signaling pathway itself is the mechanism, or the process (name it however you like) in which a signal comes to the cell and triggers some ordered series of events (signaling pathway) which results in some changes in the cell. These changes are usually related to the gene expression or solute concentration (solute uptake, e.g.) which allows the cell to respond to the signal and adjust its metabolism to the current conditions in the environment.
Signaling pathway usually starts with the signal itself which binds to the receptor on the cell membrane which then transmits the signal inside through a number of different proteins. Basically, both adaptor and scaffold proteins are "located" in this group of proteins responsible for transmitting the signal from the receptor further down into the cell.
The main difference between them is in their function. They also differ in the structure, of course, but then again this is the case for any two different proteins so it is not worth mentioning. The role of scaffold proteins is to coordinate the signal transduction by "attracting" a number of different proteins needed in the signaling pathway. They basically form a complex of proteins by tethering other actors in the pathway, thus localizing them to a specific place, making the signal transduction more effective. Having this role, they can also regulate the signaling pathway (through positive and negative feedback signals) and they can isolate specific proteins (the right ones needed in the current active pathway) from other competitive proteins that are not wanted during that time.
Adaptor proteins, on the other hand, are smaller and they too help in the formation of protein complexes, but they do so by usually binding only two proteins. They accomplish this through specific domains (usually SH2 and SH3) which recognize specific amino acid sequences in the target protein.
One of the best examples for scaffold protein is MEKK1, which is present in the MAPK pathway (mitogen-activated protein kinase). This pathway is responsible for sending the signal further into the nucleus, regulating specific transcription factors responsible for the expression of proteins which affect the cell-cycle and cell differentiation.
Good example of adaptor protein is GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2). It sends the signal further down by binding to the EGF receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor) with SH2 domain, and it attracts the next protein in the pathway (Sos protein in this case) with SH3 domains.
Hope this answers your question. Sorry if I have made the answer too long, but I like to start from the beginning, just in case if somebody else is searching for this, but lacks the basic knowledge needed to understand the subject.
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text:
aṣṭamaṅgalaArticle Free Pass
aṣṭamaṅgala, eight auspicious symbols frequently represented on Jaina ritual objects. Aṣṭamaṅgalas are common to both the Śvetāmbara and Digambara sects and are found on 1st-century-ad votive slabs and in miniature paintings, as well as being employed in Jaina worship today. In the modern Jaina temple they are seen carved on the offering stands. Women devotees also form the symbols out of uncooked rice when making an offering to the Jina images. Although there are various traditions, the eight symbols are usually considered to be (1) darpaṇa (mirror), (2) bhadrāsana (throne), (3) vardhamānaka (powder vase), (4) kalaśa (full water vessel), (5) matsyayugma (pair of fish), (6) śrīvatsa symbol, (7) nandyāvarta (an elaborated swastika), and (8) swastika.
What made you want to look up "astamangala"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
Performing Fugue: Desire, Denial, and Death in Jesus Camp Queen
The following critical response compares Angela J. Latham's solo performance, Jesus Camp Queen, to a musical fugue. Playing with fugal form on the page, and highlighting the insights of scholars and practitioners of personal narrative performance, the author illuminates the layered and intimate demands of composing the self across social, cultural, and political contexts.
Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.
Manuscripts submitted to Performance Matters should be original works that have not been published elsewhere. Note that authors are responsible for obtaining permission to include copyrighted material in any article or review published in Performance Matters.


text:
What is a Bilateral Condition?
A bilateral condition is a disease or condition that affects both sides of the body. Examples of a bilateral condition include hip dysplasia or luxating patellas, where both hips or kneecaps are affected. Often, the condition starts with one side of the body and will later develop on the other side of the body.
How Bilateral Conditions Work
Bilateral conditions can be considered a pre-existing condition with many pet insurance plans and providers. For example, if your pet had hip dysplasia on the left side of their body before they were insured, it may be considered a pre-existing condition if they develop hip dysplasia on their right side, even though their right side was unaffected when they started the policy.
If your pet has any conditions prior to signing up for pet insurance, it's important that you look into whether they would be considered bilateral conditions and if your pet would be covered under the pet insurance plan you choose.
- Bilateral conditions are diseases and conditions that have a high rate of affecting both sides of the body.
- Some pet insurance plans will not cover bilateral conditions if the bilateral condition had already affected one side of the body before your pet was insured.


Quick Answer: How Do You Fight A Cheque Bounce Case?
How many times a Cheque can be bounced?
Although the Reserve Bank of India states that such action can be taken only if cheques, valued Rs 1 crore or above, have bounced more than four times..
How long does it take to get the court Judgement on a Cheque bounce case in India?
around 2 to 5 yearsHow long does it take to get the court Judgement on a Cheque bounce case in India? If the case goes to court the judgement may take anywhere around 2 to 5 years to take effect. The legal recourse for cheque bounce cases is straightforward in Indian Law [under the negotiable instruments act].
Is bouncing check a criminal case?
While most bounced cheques occur simply because someone makes a mistake there could be legal ramifications. If you are accused of trying to defraud the person you have written a bad cheque to then you could be charged as a criminal.
Which Cheques are not accepted?
1) Insufficient funds: The cheque amount is more than the free balance available in the drawer's bank account. 2) Irregular signature: The signature of the drawer on the cheque does not match the specimen signature available with the bank.
How do you defend a 138 case?
The cheque issued in respect of future liabilities not in existence as on the date of cheque would not attract prosecution Under Section 138 of N.I. Act. So even if security cheque is bounced the prosecution can be initiated and only defence is that there was no legally enforceable debt.
Which courts have jurisdiction to entertain complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act?
INTRODUCTION. The Supreme Court ("Court") has, in its recent decision in Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod v. State of Maharashtra & Anr.1, held that in cases of dishonour of cheque, only those courts within whose territorial limits the drawee bank is situated would have the jurisdiction to try the case.
What happens after a Cheque bounces?
If a cheque is Dishonored/Bounced: When a cheque is dishonored, the drawee bank immediately issues a 'Cheque Return Memo' to the payee mentioning the reason for non-payment such as insufficient funds, the incorrect date mentioned on the cheque, signature mismatch, mismatch of the amount and figures, etc.
How can Cheque bounce case be overcome?
One can file a suit for recovery of the cheque amount along with the cost & interest under order XXXVII of Code of Civil Procedure,1908,(which governs the suit in summary trial) and can also file a criminal complaint u/s 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act for punishing the signatory of the cheque for having committed an …
How do you get bail in a Cheque bounce case?
Bail in cheque bounce is a matter of right of the accused as it's a bailable offence. So you have to give an bail application through your advocate and have to give security as per the orders of the judicial magistrate.
What is the time limit for Cheque bounce case?
30 daysThe cheque should be returned due to insufficient funds. The notice should be given within 30 days of cheque bounce. The drawer has failed to make the payments within 15 days of Cheque bounce notice, legal action can be taken against him within 30 days.
Can you represent a bounced Cheque?
If you have the cheque and it does not state on the top "do not represent" you can take it back to your bank and ask them to "represent" it i.e. put it through the banking system again (pick the week of the month that you think money is most likely to be in the account).
How can I settle a Cheque bounce case in UAE?
In case the issuer of the bad cheque pays the fine, for cheques lower than or equal to Dh200,000, the complainant can go straight to a civil court to claim his dues.
How do you quash a Cheque in a bounce case?
If an accused wants the process under Sections 138 and 141 to be quashed by filing a petition under Section 482 CrPC, he must make out a case that making him stand the trial would be an abuse of process of court, Gunmala Sales (P) Ltd. v.
Will I go to jail if my check bounced?
If you don't clear things up quickly, you may face civil (you have to pay fines) or criminal (you face potential jail time) penalties. Criminal charges can go on your criminal record, might eventually result in jail time, and are likely to come with higher fines.
When Cheque amount is more than actual debt Offence US 138 of NI Act is not made out?
In fact, the amount covered by the cheque was larger than the amount of debt or liability. The whole amount of debt or liability was lesser than the amount represented by the cheque. So, if the cheque for such an amount was dishonoured, the same will not be an offence under Section 138 of the Act".
Who can send notice under 138?
This Notice is a Notice which shall be given by the unpaid Creditor (Payee) to the defaulting Debtor (Drawer) through an Advocate in case of dishonour of Cheque under section 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act.
How can I file a case for Cheque bounce?
Can you send the Cheque again to the bank if it has bounced once?
Answer: Yes, you can present the cheque again in the bank for payment, even if it was dishonoured on the first occasion. However, it goes without saying that the cheque can be presented again in the bank only during the period of its validity. Normally, the period of validity of the cheque is 3 months.


Cloudless Sulphur Butterfly – Phoebis sennae
 Large yellow Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae) butterflies are found in the entire eastern half of the United States as well as the southern part of the western United States.
Because they are large yellow active butterflies, Cloudless Sulphur butterflies quickly attract our attention in our gardens. Although they are considered yellow, many people consider them light green. When yellow scales are wiped off their wings, a yellow-green layer of scales remains. (Another large yellow butterfly in the southern US is the Orange-barred Sulphur.)
Cloudless Sulphur butterflies are found in almost all of the mainland United States. The extreme northwestern states would rarely, if ever, see this particular species of butterfly.
Their host plants are Cassia/Senna plants in the pea family. There are both wild 'weedy' and garden-invasive species as well as cultivated species of Cassia and Senna plants.
Many gardeners buy Christmas Cassia, Candlestick Cassia, or some of the other cultivated varieties and never notice caterpillars on the plants. The caterpillars are perfectly camouflaged. When they eat green leaves, they turn the color of the green leaves. When they eat yellow blooms, their body will change color to yellow.
Hatchling butterfly caterpillars are nearly microscopic. They grow thousands of times their hatchling size before they pupate.
Caterpillars normally rest along the leaf vein or leaf petiole/stem.
Adult butterflies are attracted primarily to red, orange, and purple colors. When they are in a yard, they'll often dip down toward red lenses over car taillights.
Chrysalis colors will vary from yellow to pink to green to purple. Normally most will pupate on a plant and will be green. The chrysalis shape is much like a host plant leaf.
Chrysalises on black screen will be purple. Their chrysalis color depends upon the color of the items close to or on which they pupate.
Adult Cloudless Sulphur butterflies are also well camouflaged when they rest. They normally land on a leaf or item that is very near the same color as their wings.
The host plants, Senna or Cassia, are poisonous. Several species of host plants are greatly disliked by farmers. Growing in my Daddy's squash, okra, and peanut fields in central Florida, Sicklepod Cassia was hoed, weeded, and a general headache to all of us who worked in the fields. When Daddy realized I was growing this plant on purpose, to feed caterpillars, he would just shake his head at me and grin. He would say, grinning, "I cannot believe you are growing that weed ON PURPOSE."
Seed from many of these plants will remain viable for decades under the soil. When the ground is turned for a crop, seed that is turned close to the surface of the soil will sprout and grow, over 50 years from the day they first fell from the Cassia plant.


text:
An improved maintenance management strategy for gas field equipment in Escravos gas–to–liquid plant, Nigeria
Onyenanu, Tochukwu Emmanuel
MetadataShow full item record
The safety record of most petrochemical industries in the world and Nigeria in particle, has not been able to come down to the maximum allowable range of 0 - 0.1 percent of tolerance on recordable injuries, due to increasing failure rates of equipment within the plant. Investigations on the maintenance audit carried out on the Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) revealed that 85 percent of such failures are directly linked to improper adaptability of an effective maintenance management strategy and plan within the petrochemical industries in Nigeria. Equally, the growth and continuous operation of any plant depends to a large extent on the maintenance of the equipment that refines the Crude Oil and natural Gas. As such, various maintenance management systems have been used over the years for the actualisation of the above purpose but with minimal success. This is evident in the fact that the level of maintenance performance of most Nigerian Petroleum Companies is always on the corrective maintenance model, which indirectly implies that the plant normally breaks down before maintenance management is applied. A critical look at the deficiency of improper adaptability of these maintenance management plans have conspicuously manifested in five major categories of maintenance failures which includes the following; * Failure of safety critical equipment due to lack of maintenance * Human error during maintenance * Static or spark discharge during maintenance in an intrinsically unsafe zone * Incompetence of maintenance staff, and * Poor communication between maintenance and production staff. These gaps as identified in this research must be corrected in the Nigerian Gas Industry if meaningful progress is to be made. Gas – To – Liquid technology is a very complex technology and with natural gas as the basic raw material, the technology not only looks intimidating but also is full of potential hazards. People are naturally afraid of the complex nature of gas in a confined environment (because of its highly combustible nature), its gaseous state makes it more complex for it to be kept under control and at the same time be moved from one form to another at different temperatures and pressures. The maintenance audit carried out on the Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) revealed some major loopholes in the maintenance management strategies adopted in the country. The audit reveals that the degree of adherence to conditions attached towards the maintenance management strategy of this equipment (in this case Gas field equipment) was too poor. Based on the above, this research is meant to improve the existing maintenance management strategy, by developing a Maintenance Management Strategy (MMS) that will be suitable for gas field equipment in the Escravos Gas–To– Liquid (EGTL) plant, planned to be commissioned in Nigeria early 2011. The need to research the above mentioned Maintenance Strategy became imperative due to the fact that the rate at which most of the petrochemical plants in the world are being gutted by fire, mainly due to poor maintenance management systems is alarming. This research work proffered solutions that will reduce or completely eliminate the highlighted problems above. This was based on investigations and analysis carried out in the chosen research area. Models were developed for the actualization of this Improved Maintenance Management Strategy (IMMS), so that the desired safe operability of the gas field equipment in the Escravos Gas–To– Liquid (EGTL) plant will be achieved without maintenance failure of any kind.
- ETD@PUK


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How to Export an Apple Keynote Presentation as Multiple Files
Apple Keynote presentations are great to work in, but not everyone owns the software itself, or a Mac to run it on. For those other users, it's convenient that you can save a Keynote deck in a number of different formats.
Here's how to export a Keynote presentation as a PDF, PowerPoint file, QuickTime video, HTML file, folder of images or a legacy Keynote file.
1. Click File.
2. Select Export To.
3. Select an option.
4. PDF exports allow you to include your notes, transitions, skipped (hidden) slides and allow you to require a password and select image quality.
5. Powerpoint presentations can be locked with a password and saved in.pptx and.ppt formats. For compatibility, save as.ppt.
6. QuickTime movie exports allow for custom transition times and selections between 1024 x 768, 720p and 1080p formats.
7. HTML exports let browsers open your presentation. This would be for slide decks with hyperlinked content.
8. Images produces JPEGs, PNGs or TIFFs of each slide.
9. Keynote '09 allows you to create files compatible with the previous version, and gives the option to add a locking password
You've exported your Keynote deck!


Saturday, May 20, 2017
Decrypting a SAML Assertion in OpenSAML v3
As you probably should know at this point, the SAML Assertion contains the description of a authenticated user and how it was autheunticitoted. The assertion is generally signed to prevent manipulation but there are also cases where you would want to encrypt the assertion to prevent someone to see the information within. For example the assertion can be used to communicate personal information about the user such as social security number and adress.
As most people reading my blog seem to be on the SP side of SAML I will explain how to decrypt an assertion.
The general method of encryption and subsequent decryption of a assertion uses two keys, one symetric and on asymetric.
The symtric key is generated during encryption and used to encrypt the actual assertion data. A asymetric key, generally a SP key contained in the metadata, is then used to encrypt the symetric key which is then stored in the XML together with the ecrypted assertion.
To decrypt the reverse of this is done. The asymmetric is used to decrypt the symmetric key, which is then used to decrypt the assertion.
Now for the OpenSAML part.
First we get the assertion from the XML. The assertion is stored in a EncryptedAssertion object and is retrieved with the method getEncryptedAssertions() on the response instead of getAssertions() which is used otherwise.
StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver keyInfoCredentialResolver = new StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver(SPCredentials.getCredential());
Decrypter decrypter = new Decrypter(null, keyInfoCredentialResolver, new InlineEncryptedKeyResolver());
In this example a StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver is used to point out the key that is used for decryption, in this case I have stored it in the static class SPCredentials. The InlineEncryptedKeyResolver is used to tell the decryptor that the symmetric encryption key can be found in the XML next to the encrypted assertion.
The decryptor returns a decrypted Assertion object.
Some NameID value
 1. Hi Stefan,
 I have bought your book and with the help of that, i could integrate my web application using openSaml version 3.
 Now i have a different use case to implement, my company has a desktop application implemented in.Net, we want to enable SAML based sso for this application as well, i googled various sources but neither helped me. So we have arrived at our ow n idea to implement this.
 With the help of the already implemented web app, we are going to open an embedded browser from desktop which calls the url in which we create SAML request, once the IDP responds back with assertions we will return an loginid to the desktop app to authenticate. I will use the same saml request servlet and saml response consumer servlet for both web app and desktop, but for desktop i will redirect to another servlet which writes loginid in servlet response. So basic thing i need is a way to send a saml resuest with an identifier identifies application and the same identifier responed back by IDP in Saml response ( may be SAML request with assertion attribute and the same returned by IDP in saml response)
 WebAPP --> SAML request xml (without identifier )--> SAML repsonse(without identifier) <--IDP
 Desktop --> WebApp --> (SAML request xml (with identifier as from desktop ) --> SAML response ((with identifier as from desktop) <--- IDP
 Here the identifier may be custom assertion/any saml request attribute which can be send as it is from IDP in response
 1. Sound like you could set a RelayState parameter on the SAML request URL going out. This should be echoed back in the response.
 However you should think twice on you acrobatics with the second servlet where you take in a assertion and return user id in the servlet response.
 If you blindly trust what is returned in the response it might be easy to by pass the authentication by just inserting another user id.
 2. Thanks Stefan,I will try relaystate and let you know. By the way the loginid mentioned is not user ID it's a n encrypted id which includes various other parameters which is specific to application
 3. Hi Stefan,
 I bought your book yesterday and following it with the sample project given in the book as well. Could you please let me know if there is a separate book from IDP point since it's not covered here. If not any other sources, sample projects you can redirect me to is greatly appreciated
 1. Hi, Im sorry, I do not have any other book on the subject and Im not aware of any sample project. Sorry hope you find what you need
 4. Hi Stefan -- I'm using this sample code to decrypt an assertion from okta and it's not working out. would you have any advice?
 1. oh - got it solved by using a chaining resolver. though I'm not fully sure what happened.
 2. I have a similar issue on my system on my unit tests. I changed it to add the chaining resolver, but I still have the same error. Are you using the same key for both encryption and decryption like Stefan's example on the book?