text:
4). For both δ andρ, a comparison with 0 is necessary. However, an efficient alternative is to initialize a vector of sizenwith all zeros except the least significant byte (LSB) for δ and the most significant byte (MSB) forρ. Hence, the counting down of ρ is performed by shifting 1 bit to right and only the LSB is checked for the loop termination. On the other hand, a flag is needed to control the shift direction ofδ, where the flag and the value of the LSB are used to determine whether it is less than zero or not. The implementation of the algorithm follows the implementation proposed. The modular divider architecture is shown in Fig. 6. Three RSD adders are used along with three 3×1 multiplexers and one 4×1 multiplexer with some control logic.Advantages:
- Short Data path
- Low Power and Low Area


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Automatic number plate recognition
Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates. They can use existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, or ones specifically designed for the task. They are used by various police forces and as a method of electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roads and cataloging the movements of traffic or individuals.
ANPR can be used to store the images captured by the cameras as well as the text from the license plate, with some configurable to store a photograph of the driver. Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of the day. ANPR technology tends to be region-specific, owing to plate variation from place to place.
Concerns about these systems have centered on privacy fears of government tracking citizens' movements, misidentification, high error rates, and increased government spending.
Other names
ANPR is sometimes known by various other terms:
- Automatic license-plate recognition (ALPR)
- Automatic vehicle identification (AVI)
- Car plate recognition (CPR)
- License-plate recognition (LPR)
- Lecture Automatique de Plaques d'Immatriculation (LAPI)
Development history
ANPR was invented in 1976 at the Police Scientific Development Branch in the UK. Prototype systems were working by 1979, and contracts were let to produce industrial systems, first at EMI Electronics, and then at Computer Recognition Systems (CRS) in Wokingham, UK. Early trial systems were deployed on the A1 road and at the Dartford Tunnel. The first arrest through detection of a stolen car was made in 1981.
The software aspect of the system runs on standard home computer hardware and can be linked to other applications or databases. It first uses a series of image manipulation techniques to detect, normalize and enhance the image of the number plate, and then optical character recognition (OCR) to extract the alphanumerics of the license plate. ANPR systems are generally deployed in one of two basic approaches: one allows for the entire process to be performed at the lane location in real-time, and the other transmits all the images from many lanes to a remote computer location and performs the OCR process there at some later point in time. When done at the lane site, the information captured of the plate alphanumeric, date-time, lane identification, and any other information required is completed in approximately 250 milliseconds. This information can easily be transmitted to a remote computer for further processing if necessary, or stored at the lane for later retrieval. In the other arrangement, there are typically large numbers of PCs used in a server farm to handle high workloads, such as those found in the London congestion charge project. Often in such systems, there is a requirement to forward images to the remote server, and this can require larger bandwidth transmission media.
ANPR uses optical character recognition (OCR) on images taken by cameras. When Dutch vehicle registration plates switched to a different style in 2002, one of the changes made was to the font, introducing small gaps in some letters (such as P and R) to make them more distinct and therefore more legible to such systems. Some license plate arrangements use variations in font sizes and positioning—ANPR systems must be able to cope with such differences in order to be truly effective. More complicated systems can cope with international variants, though many programs are individually tailored to each country.
The cameras used can include existing road-rule enforcement or closed-circuit television cameras, as well as mobile units, which are usually attached to vehicles. Some systems use infrared cameras to take a clearer image of the plates.
ANPR in mobile systems
Recent advances in technology have taken automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems from fixed applications to mobile ones. Scaled-down components at more cost-effective price points have led to a record number of deployments by law enforcement agencies around the world. Smaller cameras with the ability to read license plates at high speeds, along with smaller, more durable processors that fit in the trunks of police vehicles, allow law enforcement officers to patrol daily with the benefit of license plate reading in real time, when they can interdict immediately.
Despite their effectiveness, there are noteworthy challenges related with mobile ANPRs. One of the biggest is that the processor and the cameras must work fast enough to accommodate relative speeds of more than 100 mph (160 km/h), a likely scenario in the case of oncoming traffic. This equipment must also be very efficient since the power source is the vehicle battery, and equipment must be small to minimize the space it requires.
Relative speed is only one issue that affects the camera's ability to actually read a license plate. Algorithms must be able to compensate for all the variables that can affect the ANPR's ability to produce an accurate read, such as time of day, weather and angles between the cameras and the license plates. A system's illumination wavelengths can also have a direct impact on the resolution and accuracy of a read in these conditions.
Installing ANPR cameras on law enforcement vehicles requires careful consideration of the juxtaposition of the cameras to the license plates they are to read. Using the right number of cameras and positioning them accurately for optimal results can prove challenging, given the various missions and environments at hand. Highway patrol requires forward-looking cameras that span multiple lanes and are able to read license plates at very high speeds. City patrol needs shorter range, lower focal length cameras for capturing plates on parked cars. Parking lots with perpendicularly parked cars often require a specialized camera with a very short focal length. Most technically advanced systems are flexible and can be configured with a number of cameras ranging from one to four which can easily be repositioned as needed. States with rear-only license plates have an additional challenge since a forward-looking camera is ineffective with incoming traffic. In this case one camera may be turned backwards.
There are six primary algorithms that the software requires for identifying a license plate:
- Plate localization – responsible for finding and isolating the plate on the picture.
- Plate orientation and sizing – compensates for the skew of the plate and adjusts the dimensions to the required size.
- Normalization – adjusts the brightness and contrast of the image.
- Character segmentation – finds the individual characters on the plates.
- Optical character recognition.
- Syntactical/Geometrical analysis – check characters and positions against country-specific rules.
The complexity of each of these subsections of the program determines the accuracy of the system. During the third phase (normalization), some systems use edge detection techniques to increase the picture difference between the letters and the plate backing. A median filter may also be used to reduce the visual noise on the image.
There are a number of possible difficulties that the software must be able to cope with. These include:
- Poor image resolution, usually because the plate is too far away but sometimes resulting from the use of a low-quality camera.
- Blurry images, particularly motion blur.
- Poor lighting and low contrast due to overexposure, reflection or shadows.
- An object obscuring (part of) the plate, quite often a tow bar, or dirt on the plate.
- A different font, popular for vanity plates (some countries do not allow such plates, eliminating the problem).
- Circumvention techniques.
- Lack of coordination between countries or states. Two cars from different countries or states can have the same number but different design of the plate.
While some of these problems can be corrected within the software, it is primarily left to the hardware side of the system to work out solutions to these difficulties. Increasing the height of the camera may avoid problems with objects (such as other vehicles) obscuring the plate but introduces and increases other problems, such as the adjusting for the increased skew of the plate.
On some cars, tow bars may obscure one or two characters of the license plate. Bikes on bike racks can also obscure the number plate, though in some countries and jurisdictions, such as Victoria, Australia, "bike plates" are supposed to be fitted. Some small-scale systems allow for some errors in the license plate. When used for giving specific vehicles access to a barricaded area, the decision may be made to have an acceptable error rate of one character. This is because the likelihood of an unauthorized car having such a similar license plate is seen as quite small. However, this level of inaccuracy would not be acceptable in most applications of an ANPR system.
Imaging hardware
At the front end of any ANPR system is the imaging hardware which captures the image of the license plates. The initial image capture forms a critically important part of the ANPR system which, in accordance to the Garbage In, Garbage Out principle of computing, will often determine the overall performance.
License plate capture is typically performed by specialized cameras designed specifically for the task. Factors which pose difficulty for license plate imaging cameras include speed of the vehicles being recorded, varying ambient lighting conditions, headlight glare and harsh environmental conditions. Most dedicated license plate capture cameras will incorporate infrared illumination in order to solve the problems of lighting and plate reflectivity.
Many countries now use license plates that are retroreflective. This returns the light back to the source and thus improves the contrast of the image. In some countries, the characters on the plate are not reflective, giving a high level of contrast with the reflective background in any lighting conditions. A camera that makes use of active infrared imaging (with a normal colour filter over the lens and an infrared illuminator next to it) benefits greatly from this as the infrared waves are reflected back from the plate. This is only possible on dedicated ANPR cameras, however, and so cameras used for other purposes must rely more heavily on the software capabilities. Further, when a full-colour image is required as well as use of the ANPR-re

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Faeces, electric eels and fruit would power conceptual communities designed by Bartlett School of Architecture graduate Catrina Stewart.
The City Farmhouse project proposes housing communities on stilts above clusters of public toilets, where visitors would be required to donate faeces and urine on arrival.
Electricity would be generated from methane gas released when the harvested excrement is broken down.
Faeces and urine could also be used to produce compost and water for community gardens.
Streetlights would be powered by fruit acid and elevators would be powered by electric eels, kept as pets by residents.
Other recent architecture graduate projects include an upside-down skyscraper and a tower that shoots artificial bees into the air - see all our stories about this years graduate shows here.
Here are some more details from Catrina Stewart:
London City Farmhouse
The City Farmhouse project is a prototype that looks at forming new self-sufficient communities, which integrate agriculture and housing within the city of London.
The Farmhouses and vertical colour gardens will be open to the public, and will rely on its colours and visitors to achieve self-sufficiency.
Visitors and residents will be expected to make a donation of faeces and urine when they visit the building. These will be used to produce water, compost and electricity for the Farmhouses. Methane gas released by the waste produced in biogas digesters can then be used directly or to produce electricity.
Without its public toilets the community would not be able to survive. The more visitors the building can attract the more power, food and water will be produced. New public toilets will be erected across the borough in order to collect human waste to power the Farmhouses. New communities will begin to grow around the more popular public toilets, creating new Farmhouses.
The Farmhouse project explores the use of colour to attract people to the building and entice them into using the public toilets by using the same principles used for colour in marketing and advertising. Colours are therefore used less for their aesthetics and more for their functional properties.
Nothing in the Farmhouse is disposed of, everything is recycled and reused to fuel something else. Old and new technologies are used to harness energy and food from almost anything, animals are no longer used for their meat but rather as a source of energy.
Cows are farmed for their methane gas, electric eels are kept as pets to power the elevators in the building and fruits are used to to power the street lights.


Item #: Bentley Carpet
Our Price: $0.00
5000 Liter Batch of Xanthan Gum Dispersed in 30 Minutes
PROBLEM: Bentley Mills, City of Industry, CA, recently installed a state-of-the-art, computer-controlled carpet printing system. The turn-key system was supplied with color mixing and gum preparation equipment. The original equipment manufacturer specified a venturi-type eductor dispersion system for the preparation of a Xanthan gum pre-dispersion. This system was prone to several problems:
 - The small annular space of the venturi eductor tended to plug up when the stabilizer gums contacted the water;
 - The eductor system was not capable of dispersing high solids concentrations of the gum;
 - If all the gum was not dispersed by the time all of the liquid had been added to the vessel, recirculation was necessary; and
 - The quality of mixing decreased and the likelihood of plugging increased significantly if the liquid supplied to the eductor was already a higher viscosity mixture.
The computer controlled carpet printing system utilizes a fine jet printing head to provide up to 10 different carpet dye colors at the command of a computer designed pattern. The system makes possible the customized printing of intricate and interesting patterns that are tailored to individual customer needs. Xanthan gum imparts viscosity that holds the dye in the correct spot on the carpet until the dye can be fixed onto the carpet fibers. The complete dispersion of Xanthan gum bases for mixing with color dyes is an important, critical item in the preparation of intricate color printed carpets.
SOLUTION: Bentley Mills replaced the venturi-type eductor with a mechanical mixer/disperser known as the Model D-6000 DISPERSHEAR. The device contacts the gum/water mixture in a patented dispersion chamber with an 1800 RPM low shear mixing impeller. Complete and efficient dispersion of the gum particles is provided while dispensing the dispersion and pumping it to the top of a 2 meter tall, 5,000 liter processing/mixing tank. The mixing tank has an axial flow turbine mixer to provide blending of the dispersion.
Operators load the hopper of the Model D-6000 Dispershear with one complete barrel of the stabilizer powder, set the controls and allow the machine to operate totally unsupervised for the full 30 minute dispersion time. After the powders are dispersed and the final amount of water is added to bring the percent solids level to the correct point, the dispersion is ready to use.


text:
Fruit crop values increase
Although the overall value of Washington's agricultural production dropped 8 percent in 2009 from the previous year, grapes set a record high value, according to the Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Grape growers contributed $210 million to the state's agricultural economy, figures compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service for the year 2009, show.
Apples continued to top the list of Washington's agricultural commodities with a value of $1.5 billion, a 14 percent increase from 2008. Apples represented 21 percent of the total agricultural value, compared with 17 percent in 2008. The per-acre value for apples was $9,628, the highest of any commodity except storage onions, which had a value of $11,063.
Fruit and nut crops as a whole were valued at $2 billion, up 5 percent from 2008, but the value of specialty products, at $373 million, was the lowest in many years.


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CALCIUM HARDNESS COLORIMETER OVERVIEW
Total hardness, that is presence of magnesium and calcium, is due mainly
to the run-off water dissolving these salts as it flows or filters
through different strata. Hardness can cause scaling of pipes in
cooling and heating systems. Reverse osmosis and demineralization
also increase harness levels. The LHI93735 meter measures total
hardness in three different scales: 0 to 250, 200 to 500 and 400 to 750
ppm, covering an extensive range of applications. With this meter
hardness can be measured in ppm (mg/L) as well as in French (ofH),
German (odH) and English hardness (oeH). The
reading is expressed directly in ppm and it is not necessary to use
conversion tables or diagrams for interpretation.
The LHI93735 meter comes complete with 2 cuvets, battery and manual.


Resource: Audible App, Deleting books on iPhone 6 Running iOS 11-4-1
Deleting books in the Audible App on iPhone 6 in iOS 11-4-1
 1. With the My Library Tab at the bottom left corner of the main Audible Player screen selected, and Device selected near the top of the screen the iPhone will list the books on the device.
 2. Flick right several times from the top of the page to find the Delete Button icon and one-finger double tap it. Now, each book in the list will have something appear just before the title labelled, Delete from Device.
 3. Flick with one finger through the list to find the book title to be deleted and flick once to the left to access the Delete From Device Button pertaining to that book. One-finger double tap that button to start the deletion process.
 4. Focus will remain on the Delete From Device icon just activated, and above it will be found another button with the same label. Flick once to the left to locate that one and one-finger double tap it to finalize the deletion of the book.
 5. If there are multiple books to delete repeat steps 3 and 4.
 6. To turn off the Deletion process go back to the top of the page then flick right to locate the Delete Button and one-finger double tap it. The list of books wil return to its original state.


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Energy-Aware Soft Real-Time Scheduling for Multi-Radio Embedded Devices
This paper presents an energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for the data-communications of soft real-time periodic tasks on multi-radio embedded devices. To cope with the dynamic fluctuation of channel conditions, a feedback mechanism that monitors radio throughput is introduced to guarantee real-time behaviors. The paper also provides a formal analysis on the scheduling, exploring the relationship between tardiness bounds and energy savings and that between network stability and (m; k)-firm deadline guarantees. This approach is applicable to real-time communication scheduling problems in which background interference and other environmental factors are not known a priori. The algorithm is evaluated in the QualNet simulator, using data measured from radio hardware.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Iowa schools are governed by various rules, laws and regulations set by local (community), state and federal policymakers and lawmakers.
Proposed Administrative Rules must follow a strict timeline --including public hearings, approval by the State Board of Education, and approval by the Administrative Rules Review Committee -- before they become effective. More Information
When an appeal is filed with the Department, and a hearing is held, an administrative law judge writes a proposed decision based on testimony and evidence presented during the hearing. A final decision is then issued by either the Director (CACFP, Transportation, and Athletic) or the State Board of Education (all others except Special Education).
When an appeal is filed with the Department about a special education issue, an administrative law judge writes a final decision based on testimony and evidence presented during the hearing.
The term "Iowa Code" refers to any statute that is enacted by the legislature and signed by the Governor. At times, Iowa Code dictates that a state agency should develop additional Iowa Administrative Code (also simply called rules) to further define or operationalize a given piece of Iowa Code. Both have the force of law once put in place.
Administrative Rules are written by state agencies to implement laws passed by the Legislature. Proposed Rules must have a public hearing and be approved by the Administrative Rules Review Committee. Upon approval, they have the force of law.
A series of items of interest of a legal nature included in each issue of the School Leader Update. The topics listed below are ones that are universally true and always relevant. More Information


text:
Reviews the formation of weak electrolytes and how they differ from strong electrolytes.
To reinforce and increase concept comprehension, and to analyze similarities and differences between topics using a Two Column Table.
To activate prior knowledge, make personal connections, reflect on key concepts, encourage critical thinking, and assess student knowledge on the topic prior to reading using a Quickwrite.
Defines the terms strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. Provides a brief overview of the differences between acids, bases, and salts.


text:
Invisible fences for dogs are low-cost, flexible electric barriers that use a battery-powered collar to administer an electric shock to keep dogs from crossing property lines. If someone recently moved to a home without a fenced-in yard or chose to adopt a dog and their home does not already have a boundary to keep a dog on the property, they might consider a Temporary Dog Fence as a way to keep their dog from straying and getting hurt.
It is critical to keep one's dog on the property because many cities have rules prohibiting dogs from roaming freely, and one would not want their dog to go lost or injured. The difficulty is that traditional fences are frequently expensive, subject to municipal regulations, unsightly, and ineffective for dogs that can dig under or leap over them. That is, a wireless dog fence is practical.
Here are some facts concerning invisible dog fences to help people determine if they need one to keep their dog on the property.
To avoid becoming perplexed, here are some definitions. There are three different types of Invisible dog fences. All three work on the same principle. They are used in conjunction with a vibration or shock collar. When the dog approaches the border, a beep, vibration, or tiny electric shock is produced to alert the dog to steer away from the border. One can find great reviews about dog collars at MyPoof and select the one that suits them.
All three invisible fences employ radio frequencies to establish the barrier. What differs is how they construct the boundaries. They use a tiny transmitter to generate a spherical boundary for wireless fences. If someone wants to keep these boundaries effective, they should be little more than an acre in size. Underground dog fences are made up of a wire that runs around the perimeter of the property. The radio signal is sent through the wire by the transmitter, which is connected to it. It enables you to construct it to fit any property shape. Splicing wires together can also be used to form a large border.
Finally, there are GPS dog fences. To construct the boundaries, they use radio signals from circling satellites. The range is determined by the owner and can also be used to keep track of the dog. The major disadvantage is that satellite boundaries are the least consistent and dependable of the three technologies.
Reasons Owners Confine their Dogs
Fencing keeps a dog from becoming a nuisance in the neighborhood, but there are other issues to consider. Keeping a dog properly confined keeps them safe by averting mishaps that can occur when he is allowed to roam freely. Dogs that are fenced in are less likely to be hit by cars, have fewer hostile contacts with other dogs, are less likely to contract contagious diseases, and are less appealing to pet thieves.
Reasons to Install a Wireless Dog Fence
Dog owners may want to consider traditional or electronic fences for their dogs' safety. The benefits of invisible fences for dogs are listed below:
1. Reasonable Cost
Although less expensive alternatives of classic fences exist, area ordinances frequently define the sorts of building materials that are permitted. Some fencing materials (wood, iron) are pricey, and labor is an additional cost. Even when professionally erected, wireless electric fences are often less expensive.
Traditional fences are best for flat or moderately sloping yards, but invisible fencing may be used on nearly any terrain. Invisible fences may span uneven terrain, densely forested areas, and bodies of water. Electronic fences can also construct vast exercise grounds for dogs by covering acres of territory in any layout.
Invisible fences, well, are just that. Invisible. These boundaries do not obstruct picturesque views or green spaces, and they really improve the experience of being outside.
People can freely move around the yard without having to open and close gates. Outlining flags is inconvenient, but only for a short time. The flags can be removed once the dog has learned the limits of the electric fence.
Electric fences are easier to install than traditional enclosures. It takes less time to trench and lay wire than lay fence posts, weld iron, nail boards, or roll wire.
An electric fence may be a better option for dogs who like to climb over, burrow under, or chew through fences.
6. Decreased Human Error Issues
Electric fences lessen the risk of escape in crowded households with a lot of foot traffic because pet owners frequently forget to close a gate.
The sight of a dog in the yard may dissuade intruders because they are unlikely to recognize that the dog may not be able to reach them.
- Everything You Should Know About Web Applications - February 1, 2023
- Studying For MBAs in 2023: Are they Still Worth It? - January 31, 2023
- Reasons Why Should Select PV Charging for Your Home - January 31, 2023


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Fiber Wall Hanging
Created by Ellen Kochansky
It is a permaculture principle that there is more bio-diversity in the margins. Using silk organza, botanicals, snake skin, butterfly wing, puzzle pieces and text from letters written by Kochansky's mother to her father during World War II, this piece captures interactions in transparency and light. Space is created by what is not filled in on a printed page. Silk organza with a tea-stained background, paper, natural materials. Avoid moisture and sunlight.


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Pan Pan Theatre
When I think of the words "radio play," it is generally in conjunction with an image of the listener pottering around the kitchen, or perhaps curled up in a chair. This is evidently not the same for Pan Pan's Gavin Quinn, who's installation of Beckett's Cascando is an unsettling, absorbing and intriguing journey through a reflective maze, both in terms of set and text.
First broadcast in October 1963, Cascando is a play for music and voice that circles around and overlaps itself in a short but potent exploration of sound, silence, language, identity, journey and storytelling. As the audience walks around Aedín Cosgrove's labyrinthine, mirrored set, clothed in long hooded robes listening to the play through headphones, there is an odd combination of connectedness and isolation, playing with the disjointed flow of the text between Voice and Music. With only a few lights around the labyrinth, one's eyes never quite adjust to the darkness, just as one can never quite adjust to the text. Just as Voice seems settled, the Opener calls a halt, and introduces the discordant and intense Music. This constant cycling and overlapping of Voice and Music, like the changing levels of light, means the listener is always alert, awake to both change and repetition.
Walking around the space, moving slowly towards a centre circle, catching glimpses of people through walls, with reflections and reality blurred, this is a truly immersive experience. As the audience slowly makes its way through the darkness, pausing at corners, unsure what is mirror and what is open space, cautious of bumping into each other, changing pace with the light and the text, one truly experiences the vacillating, uncertain journey of Woburn in this deeply immersive, yet personal and detached installation of Beckett's Cascando.


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More ways to keep up with the latest news from Polk County Public Schools:
The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services recently awarded Roosevelt Academy the Community/School Garden grant. The grant is part of the Specialty Crop Block Grant awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The funding will be used to purchase soil and nutrient testing equipment, soilless media for the schools' hydroponic farm, seeds and fertilizer.
Students are responsible for planting, pruning and maintaining the crops grown at Roosevelt Farms, a schoolbased enterprise. The vegetables and herbs are sold the 2nd and 4th Saturday of each month at the Lake Wales Farmers Market and at the Lake Wales Care Center.
But beyond traditional gardens, students maintain vegetation grown using hydroponic growing methods.
The literal interpretation of the word "hydroponics" is working water. In Greek, the word "hydro" means water and "pronos" means labor. Simply, hydroponic gardening is the art of gardening without soil. Water and nutrients like nitrogen, calcium, potassium and phosphate are applied directly to the roots in precise amounts in soilless mixes that retain both resources.


text:
Ever have that Oh Sh!t – Stomach Churning – Career Ending moment where you accidently deleted something you shouldn't?
Why is Delete right beside Rename!
Because even Admins make mistakes, it is a best practice to protect every critical object in AD from accidental deleting something. How you ask?
You could do it one of two ways. First the slow (manual) way. Simply select the properties of any critical AD object (Computer, Group, Organizational Unit, User, etc). Then select the Object tab and check the "Protect object from accidental deletion" box.
If you are anything like me, you did this for a handful of objects and thought "this is dumb… how can I automated this?" Pretty easily it turns out. Which brings us to method number 2 – the PowerShell way.
Get-QADObject -searchroot 'DC=Test,DC=local' -type 'group' -SizeLimit 0|
Add-QADPermission -Deny -Account 'EVERYONE' -Right 'Delete,DeleteTree' -ApplyTo ThisObjectOnly
As a note, this script makes use of the Quest AD cmdlets for PowerShell. It will recursively go through your -SearchRoot parameter (in this case, the entire domain) and prevent users from deleting the object.


text:
Step 1: Select a setup location. Find a flat area where you want to set up your tripod. Even if the ground is uneven, try to select a spot that is as flat as possible. This will help stabilize your tripod.
Step 2: Use the J-hooks to secure the tripod into the ground.
Step 3: Check with a bubble level. Place a bubble level on a center pole. Check for level, from front to back and side to side. Adjust the legs if necessary.
Step 4: Test for stability by gently shaking the tripod. If it wobbles, adjust the legs until it feels stable.
Step 5: Once your tripod is stable, you can proceed to attach a center pole. Use the provided screw sets to secure it in place.


monoids-0.1.36: Monoids, specialized containers and a general map/reduce frameworkSource codeContentsIndex
Turn an instance of Ord into a SemiRing over max and min
module Data.Ring
newtype Order a = Order {
getOrder :: a
data Priority a
= MinBound
| Priority a
| MaxBound
module Data.Ring
newtype Order a Source
A SemiRing using a type's built-in Bounded instance.
getOrder :: a
show/hide Instances
Functor Order
Pointed Order
Copointed Order
(Bounded a, Ord a) => Reducer a (Order a)
Bounded a => Bounded (Order a)
Eq a => Eq (Order a)
Ord a => Ord (Order a)
Read a => Read (Order a)
Show a => Show (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => Monoid (Order a)
Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (Order a)
CoArbitrary a => CoArbitrary (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => Multiplicative (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => SemiRing (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => RightSemiNearRing (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => LeftSemiNearRing (Order a)
(Bounded a, Ord a) => Ringoid (Order a)
data Priority a Source
A SemiRing which adds minBound and maxBound to a pre-existing type.
Priority a
show/hide Instances
Functor Priority
Pointed Priority
Ord a => Reducer a (Priority a)
Bounded (Priority a)
Eq a => Eq (Priority a)
Ord a => Ord (Priority a)
Read a => Read (Priority a)
Show a => Show (Priority a)
Ord a => Monoid (Priority a)
Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (Priority a)
CoArbitrary a => CoArbitrary (Priority a)
Ord a => Multiplicative (Priority a)
Ord a => SemiRing (Priority a)
Ord a => RightSemiNearRing (Priority a)
Ord a => LeftSemiNearRing (Priority a)
Ord a => Ringoid (Priority a)
Ord a => Reducer (MinPriority a) (Priority a)
Ord a => Reducer (MaxPriority a) (Priority a)
Produced by Haddock version 2.3.0


Sardinia's electricity transmission network
Sadinia's main electricity transmission network consist of a main bone line at 370 kV that interconnects the main generation sites located in the industrial sites of Fiume Santo, Sulcis and Rumianca, and a ring at 220 kV. The rest of the transmission system consist of a mesh network at 150 kV.
Sardinia is connected with Corsica and with the Italian peninsula through two submarine HVDC
power lines: SACOI and SAPEI.
SAPEI: Sardegna-Penisola Italiana
SAPEI (Sardinia-Italian peninsula) connect directly Sardinia to Italian peninsula since 2010trough 420 km of submarine cable layed down up to 1600 m under the sea level. The maximum power is 1000 MW, splitted in two cables of 500 MW. SAPEI is a 420 km long submarine cable (435 if you also consider the land section) between Sardinia and Lazio, passing 1600 meters below the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the deepest submarine cable in the world. SAPEI is composed of two cables, with a total capacity of 1000 Megawatts. The laying of the cables was entrusted to "Giulio Verne", the largest cable laying ship in the world.
SACOI: Sardegna-Corsia-Italia
The direct current connection SACOI (Sardinia – Corsica – Italy) is an HVDC interconnection used for the exchange of electricity between the Italian mainland, Corsica and Sardinia since 1965.
It is unusual, having more than two conversion stations as part of a single HVDC system and (as of 2012) it is one of only two multi-terminal HVDC systems in operation in the world (the other multi-terminal scheme is the Quebec transmission system -New England which connects the northeastern United States with Quebec in Canada). The scheme is a monopole that uses a combination of overhead line and submarine cable for the 200 kV high voltage conductor and return to the sea for neutral current. Overhead lines and submarine cables are duplicated, with both circuits installed on the same towers.
Until the 1990s mercury vapour rectifier where used, which have now been replaced by thyristors. The capacity is of 200 MW at a voltage of 200 kV. In 1992 a second pole was installed with a maximum power of 300MW at 200 kV. The fist cable of 200 MW have been in service for more than 40 years and is going to be dismissed in the next years because obsolescence.


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The scourge of soldiering. Appreciated by good officers and despised by bad ones, morale can appear in many forms. Unfortunately, most of the forms manifest themselves in ways not generally appreciated by those in positions of authority. What will be seen as a hilarious jape by the general soldiery is guaranteed to be perceived as either a breakdown in discipline or outright mutinous behaviour by officers above the rank of captain.
Oddly, morale is encouraged within the officer corps. This is called 'high spirits' and is perfectly accecptable to 'the powers that be' - irrespective of the levels of noise, nudity and damage caused. 'High spirits' do not apply to ORs and non-commissioned practitioners of anything approaching fun can expect an Interview Without Coffee on Monday morning.
Strangely, morale is geographically limited and is noticably absent in places such as Sennybridge or Otterburn. I know I've lost my sense of humour there countless times. My platoon sergeant used to keep a pair of his wife's knickers in his Nyrex to keep his morale up - does that explain it?
Allegedly morale can be improved by the administration of Corned Beef Hash and alcohol - especially the latter. The myth of morale is believed to stem from the Middle Ages, though the exact origins of it are unknown.
libraryimage.jpg Find out more in the Dictionary


Macro Wb-Map
Part of:
package fset
( wb-map &rest args )
Constructs a wb-map according to the supplied argument subforms. Each
argument subform can be a list of the form (key-expr value-expr), denoting
a mapping from the value of key-expr to the value of value-expr; or a list
of the form ($ expression), in which case the expression must evaluate to a
map, denoting all its mappings. The result is constructed from the denoted
mappings in left-to-right order; so if a given key is supplied by more than
one argument subform, its associated value will be given by the rightmost such


text:
- Walking poster presentation
- Open Access
Improved 2D slice-interleaved flow-independent cardiac black blood imaging using Ferumoxytol
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 17, Article number: Q21 (2015)
Double inversion recovery (DIR) is the most commonly used black blood (BB) preparation method. However its single slice nature makes the acquisition inefficient and flow-dependence causes insufficient blood suppression when stagnant blood or in-plane blood flow is present. In this work, we propose to use ferumoxytol, an FDA approved iron oxide particle for treating iron deficiency anemia, as an MR contrast agent to achieve flow-independent BB imaging by taking advantage of its strong R2 relaxivity. As our technique eliminates the need for DIR preparation, we propose to achieve higher scan efficiency by interleaving the imaging slices.
On seven healthy volunteers, we acquired 12 consecutive short axis (SA) slices covering the ventricles and 2 horizontal long axis (HLA) slices, both preand postferumoxytol injection. Conventional ECG gated single-slice breath-held DIR Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) sequence was used for pre-contrast acquisition, with TR=2 R-R interval, TE=37ms, echo spacing (ESP)=5.25 ms, echo train length (ETL)=15 and TI=600ms. Subsequently, ferumoxytol was injected (4 mg-Fe/kg) and the proposed BB imaging shown in Fig. 1 was performed. The elimination of DIR preparation enabled slice-interleaved scan where 12 SA slices were acquired in 4 breath-holds. TR, TE, ESP and ETL were kept the same for the post-contrast sequence. A TE of 37ms was found to be a good balance between suppressing blood signal and maintaining myocardium signal. SNR, CNR and sharpness of the septal wall were quantified and compared using the preand post-contrast BB techniques.
In mid-ventricle SA slices (slice number 7-12), both preand postcontrast images offered satisfactory dark blood contrast. For apical slices (slice number 1-6), post-contrast images showed significant improvement in all 7 volunteers by eliminating stagnant blood signal. In HLA views (shown in Fig. 2), the stagnant blood was evident in pre-contrast images near apex and mid-ventricle myocardium; whereas in post-contrast images, such residual blood signals were eliminated in all volunteers. Average myocardial SNR and myocardium-blood CNR increased after ferumoxytol injection, especially for apical segments (CNR: 6.2±8.13 vs. 22.6±6.4s, P<0.0001). The preand post-contrast BB imaging had similar sharpness values (P=0.877).
Compared to conventional DIR BB imaging, the proposed ferumoxytol-enhanced slice-interleaved TSE technique provides improved blood signal suppression that does not depend on flow and is at least 3X faster than conventional DIR for the same anatomical coverage. It also provides higher SNR and CNR due to signal boost from ferumoxytol.
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, J., Finn, P.J. & Hu, P. Improved 2D slice-interleaved flow-independent cardiac black blood imaging using Ferumoxytol. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17, Q21 (2015). _URL_
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Short Axis Slice
- Blood Signal
- Turbo Spin Echo
- Echo Train Length


an example of allocated sampling points in one survey block with two strata (high and medium density and low density of elephants).
Exclusion of areas of swamp. Swamp-land is not accessible by survey teams, and should be excluded from the survey. Large areas of swamp can be added to the not-accessible stratum from remote sensing data, and this should be done before the final survey design is made. Small areas of swamp will not be visible in remote sensed data, but will be encountered by field crews on the ground. Suitable instructions must be included in the field protocol for relocating transects or foregoing surveys on impassable ground. If a record of the amount of such ground is kept, then this can be incorporated into the estimation.
Figure 2: example of survey blocks in the Central African Forest region
Figure 3: example of survey effort allocation within a survey block
ANNEX 7: list of consultants technical reports
These reports have been produced by consultants to the MIKE Pilot Project and are available upon request.
Buckland, S.T. 2000. MIKE Central African Pilot Project: proposals for survey design
Thomas, L., Buckland, S.T. 2001. Analysis of data and survey design for the MIKE central African pilot project. Third Report - Part 1: Analysis of Pilot Data
Thomas, L., Buckland, S.T. 2001. Analysis of data and survey design for the MIKE central African pilot project. Third Report - Part 2: Recommended Sampling Design
Thomas, L., Buckland, S.T. 2001. Analysis of data and survey design for the MIKE central African pilot project. Third Report - Part 3: Analysis of Ituri Transects
Thomas, L. 2001. Predicting variation in encounter rates at pilot sites.
Vanleeuwe, H. 2000. Training of MIKE Field-team, testing, and implementing of MIKE survey methods, Odzala – Congo.


Prior Criminal Convictions as a Bar to Employment
Can an Employer use a person's prior criminal convictions as a bar to employment? The answer to that question requires further thought. In some situations, an Employer can use a person's prior conviction as a bar to employment. However, in some situations, the Employer is not allowed to. The reason an Employer is allowed to consider prior convictions in certain circumstances is because of the Pennsylvania Criminal History Record Information Act Handbook ("CHRIA"), also found at 18 Pa. C.S.A. §9101 et seq.
A preliminary background of CHRIA shows that Chapter 91 of the Crimes Code of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated was adopted in January of 1980. The purpose of this Act is to protect criminal history information for all persons in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This Act says when an Employer may or may not bar employment to a person when such person has a prior criminal background.
18 Pa. C.S.A. §9125 is the Section that allows Employers to use a person's criminal record information in the hiring process. Section 9125 specifically states:
Felony and misdemeanor convictions may be considered only to the extent to which they relate to the applicant(s) suitability for employment in the position for which he has applied.
Id. (emphasis added)
The key to Section 9125 is that a prior conviction may only be considered to the extent to which it "relates to the applicant's suitability for employment." Id. Therefore, the prior convictions have to relate to the applicant's ability to perform the specific job/position to which he/she has applied. To illustrate, my firm recently filed two employment discrimination cases (Ripley v. Sodexo and Gaston et al v. Sodexo) in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania alleging that the Defendant's use of the Plaintiffs' prior convictions as the main factor for termination was improper. In those two cases, the Plaintiffs' prior convictions (from over 10-30 years ago) did not relate to their suitability to perform their jobs in the food industry, which is why our firm filed employment discrimination suit alleging violation of CHRIA.
However, it is also important to note that there are certain situations where Section 9125 doesn't factor into an Employer's decision to refuse employment to a person with prior convictions. In some professions, an Employer is legally prohibited by law from hiring persons with certain offenses. CHRIA does not even factor into an Employer's decision whether to hire a potential applicant.
For example, aircraft/airport positions (including those with direct access to airplane or secure airport areas) have restrictions. Under 49 U.S.C. §44936, an Employer MAY NOT hire individuals for the above positions if:
The individual, within the last ten (10) years, has been convicted of federal hijacking or other air crimes, murder, assault with intent to murder, espionage, treason, sedition, kidnapping, rape, extortion, armed robbery, weapons convictions, distribution (or intent to distribute) a controlled substance, of felonies involving: a threat, willful destruction of property, information or manufacture of a controlled substance, burglary, theft/fraud, possession or distribution of stolen property, aggravated assault, bribery, or illegal possession of controlled substance punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of more than one year.
Another example is a childcare position. 23 Pa. C.S.A §6344(c) states that an Employer MAY NOT hire an individual if:
The individual has founded child abuse reports within the last five (5) years or with convictions for homicide, aggravated assault, kidnapping, rape, various sex crimes, prostitution felonies, concealing death of child, endangering welfare of child, or pornography ever, or for drug felonies within the last five (5) years.
There are many more examples of professions where, regardless of how qualified an individual is, an Employer literally has their hands tied and cannot hire an individual because of prior convictions. Other professions include, but are not limited to, bank employees, nursing home workers, police, port workers, school employees, etc. These are examples where an Employer is legally bound by law to refuse employment.
However, if an Employer is not legally required to exclude an applicant and the Employer does exclude an applicant because of a prior conviction that has no bearing on the applicant's ability to perform the job in question, the Employer may be facing an employment discrimination lawsuit in violation of CHRIA and various other employment statutes.
More by | Michael Kraemer Michael Kraemer, Contributor


12 July 2017
Review: Farmageddon in Pictures - The True Cost of Cheap Meat by Philip Lymbery
* Copy courtesy of Bloomsbury *
Farmageddon In Pictures - The True Cost of Cheap Meat - in bite-sized pieces is a confronting read with a very important message to consumers.
Philip Lymbery shines a light into the darkest corners of mega farming and I was shocked to learn just how dire it all is. I think the average consumer is aware of issues like caged animals, the overuse of anti
biotics and pesticides, water shortages and the decline of bees around the world. But there's so much more wrong with the factory farming industry I wasn't aware of or hadn't considered.
 - Factory farmed animals consume 1/3 of the world's cereal harvest. (Pg 10)
 - Waste from mega-dairies and factory-farms is ruining the environment and polluting the water.
 - Industrialised pollination is now a 'thing', where bees are commercially bred and transported elsewhere to pollinate crops.
 - Approximately 100 billion farmed fish are produced around the world each year, but it takes 3 tonnes of wild fish to produce 1 tonne of farmed salmon. (Pg 46 & Pg 81).
 - Trout farms don't give fish enough space to swim around and they're packed in so tight, it's the equivalent of 27 trout sharing the same bathtub.
 - Today's chickens have a lot more fat because they can't move around, and you'd have to eat 4 whole factory farmed chickens to get the same nutrients you would have got from a single chicken in the 1970s. (Pg 84)
Farmageddon In Pictures is full of shocking statistics and pictograms to help the reader digest the information while some of the photos used appeared amateurish and too dark. The author subtly encourages the reader a few times to alter their diet to consume less meat and I can't blame him when he's seen the problems first-hand, but it did ruffle my feathers a little. I guess I don't like being told what to do and would prefer to reach my own conclusions and initiate change on my own.
Farmageddon In Pictures is a slightly depressing read due to the nature of the content, but optimistic in encouraging consumers to change their buying and usage habits with a chapter at the end focussing on solutions and positive change. It's also an important read and more consumers need to know where their food comes from and the cost it has on the environment.
My rating = ***
Carpe Librum!
Would you like to comment?
Thanks for your comment, Carpe Librum!


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8 Weeks to 7th Grade
ADMISSIONS::MAP::_PHONE_
The purpose of the Kehoe-France Northshore Cheerleaders is to:
 1. Support athletics at Kehoe-France Northshore.
 2. Create school spirit, pride, and loyalty.
 3. Develop a sense of responsibility and discipline.
 4. Cooperate and work together as a team.
 5. Learn, enhance, and improve the basics and fundamentals of cheerleading.
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text:
Issue | Canada engages in a new approach to resolve specific claims made by First Nations.
Synopsis | The Specific Claims Tribunal Act established an administrative tribunal with the authority to make binding decisions on claims and to award monetary compensation up to $150 million per claim. Claims over $150 million will be dealt with through a specially mandated Cabinet process.
Timing | Under the Specific Claims Tribunal Act, certain claims will be eligible for filing with the Specific Claims Tribunal as of 16 October 2011.
Federal policy divides Aboriginal land claims into two broad categories: specific claims and comprehensive claims. Specific claims arise from the alleged non-fulfillment of historic treaties between First Nations and the Crown, or improper administration of First Nations lands and other assets by the Crown. Comprehensive claims are based on the assertion of continuing Aboriginal rights and title that have not been dealt with by treaty or other legal means. This overview focuses on the specific claims process.
Between April 2010 and April 2011, 18 specific claims were settled at a total value of approximately $666 million. The monetary value of the claims settled in this period ranged from $134,283 to $231.4 million. As of 5 April 2011, 503 specific claims remain in the federal inventory of claims under assessment or in negotiations.1
Over the past several years, the federal specific claims process has been the subject of legal and policy reform initiatives intended to reduce the backlog of outstanding claims. In response to a 2006 report of the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, which highlighted the need for reforms to the specific claims process in several areas, the federal government launched Specific Claims: Justice at Last – Canada's Specific Claims Action Plan in June 2007. The reforms proposed in the action plan included an independent tribunal to make binding decisions on claims that cannot be resolved by negotiations, dedicated funding for specific claims settlements, and practical measures to improve the processing of both small and large claims.2
|Location of Specific Claims Under Assessment or in Negotiations (as of 5 April 2011)|
|Source: Figure prepared by the Library of Parliament using data obtained from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.|
The Specific Claims Tribunal Act was introduced in the House of Commons on 27 November 2007 and came into force on 16 October 2008. The Act creates the Specific Claims Tribunal, an administrative tribunal composed of Superior Court judges with authority to make binding decisions on claims and to award monetary compensation up to a maximum of $150 million per claim.
The Act stipulates that a First Nation may file a claim with the tribunal if the claim has been previously filed with the minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, and if:
In effect, the Specific Claims Tribunal Act introduces three-year timelines for the assessment and negotiation of specific claims. As a result of these timelines, certain cases will become eligible for filing with the tribunal as of 16 October 2011.
With this deadline in view, the Specific Claims Tribunal is currently preparing for the commencement of operations. Between November 2009 and November 2010, several Superior Court judges were appointed to the tribunal, and Justice Harry Slade was appointed as its chairperson. Draft Rules of Practice and Procedure were made public in June 2010 and are currently under review by the Department of Justice. The tribunal's first annual report, dated 30 September 2010, provides a synopsis of work undertaken to that date and of anticipated activities through the current and following fiscal years.3
The introduction of the Specific Claims Tribunal Act in November 2007 was accompanied by the signing of a political agreement between the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and the National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations. The political agreement provides for additional discussion on improvements in the resolution of specific claims not directly addressed in the legislation, including matters related to claims that exceed the monetary cap of $150 million. The development of a Cabinet process to address claims over $150 million is ongoing.
© Library of Parliament 2011


text:
Artificial Intelligence is capable of predicting your future thoughts without knowing anything about you, scientists have warned.
The process uses social media accounts of known associates to accurately build a profile on an individual. A new study looked at more than 30 million posts from around 13,000 social media users to create a prediction on future activity. The results showed that, using as little as nine friends of one user, accurate predictions could be generated.
The findings have troubling implications for online privacy – namely that, in theory, not even leaving Facebook or Twitter would make someone exempt.
Published in online journal, Nature Human Behaviour, lead scientist James Bagrow revealed how they conducted the study.
He wrote: "The ability of a machine learning methods to accurately profile individuals from their online traces is reflected in the predictability of their written text.
Name of Author: Callum Hoare


text:
STARTER: Listen to Gabe read his writing for his personal philosophy project last year, in combination with his painting shown to the left and contemplate the beautiful work represented by his ideas and artwork!
TODAY'S GOAL: Hone your Personal Philosophy project idea(s). You must complete the proposal by Wednesday AND have your visual piece IDEA critiqued by a classmate before you begin implementing it. Follow these steps today...
Step 1: Review the project proposal guidelines (last page of this document!)
Step 2: Continue to brainstorm ideas IF needed (see yesterday's brainstorm free-for-all directions)
Step 3: Begin working on your project proposal
Step 4: CRITIQUEFind a group of 3-4 students and on the whiteboard, write your critique group members' names. Then, write which day each person will get their project idea critiqued (either today or tomorrow). THEN, get to critiquing using these critique guidelines:
1. Get into groups of 3-4
2. Explain your project to the critiquers
3. As a group, discuss the following four prompts:
Step 5: Refine your proposal, Submit, Conference with Ashley!
Step 6: Begin Creating your BEAUTIFUL project!!
Humanities 11 Teacher at Animas High School


Header Articles
Incriminating Evidence On Cell Phones
March 2021
Cell phones are very useful – for telephone calls, text messaging and photographing. However, the information contained on the cell phone can be incriminating.
An abandoned cell phone
In a recent Court of Appeal case, the police were pursuing a young male driver who was driving at 160 kilometres per hour. During the chase, the driver drove off the main road into a forestry track and crashed his car into the tree. He fled the car and ran into the forest to avoid the police. When the police arrived at this car, a female passenger who was still in the car refused to identify the driver but upon being question by the police pointed at the cell phone at the passenger's footwell and confirmed that it belonged to the driver.
A Constable picked up the phone, swiped the screen and found it unlocked. The Constable came across a text message thread between the driver and another man (Mr R) including a photograph of a truck which was stolen in the area a few days ago.
A prosecution
The police used the evidence obtained from the cell phone to obtain a production order against Mr R and found the truck resulting in the arrest of Mr R, who was charged with receiving the truck stolen from commercial premises in Kawerau. He was found guilty in the District Court but appealed that conviction.
A lawful search of property
Mr R applied to the Court of Appeal to have the evidence obtained against him by the Constable on the cell phone deemed unlawful. The Court of Appeal ruled that police are entitled to lawfully search property that has been abandoned. Search and surveillance laws against unjustified intrusions of privacy do not apply to abandoned property. In this case, the cell phone had been abandoned and the police were lawfully entitled to search it and that is how they came across Mr R and the stolen truck. The Court of Appeal concluded that the evidence obtained from the cell phone could be used against Mr R. The appeal was dismissed.
This case highlights how cell phone evidence can be used by both the prosecution and the defence to their advantage. Whilst cell phone evidence will not be determinative of a case, it might assist in corroborate evidence one way or another. The convenience of cell phones is unquestionable. But you need to be aware that in certain circumstances the information contained on your cell phone can be used in evidence against you.


Sun Java System Directory Server Enterprise Edition 6.0 Reference
Representing Binary Data by Using the ldapmodify -b Command
For backward compatibility with earlier versions of Directory Server, binary data can be represented by using the ldapmodify -b command. However, when possible, use the standard LDIF notation to represent binary data.
Directory Server accepts the ldapmodify command with the -b parameter and the following LDIF notation:
jpegphoto: /path/to/photo
This notation indicates that the ldapmodify command should read the referenced file for binary values if the attribute value begins with a slash.


text: This paper proposes a route planning problem for sightseeing with fuzzy random variables based on constraints of required traveling times and satisfactions of the total sightseeing activity. In general, traveling times among sightseeing places and the satisfactions of activities depend on weather and climate conditions. Tourists will like to do their favorable route planning without drastically changing the tour route of usual condition such as fine even if the weather condition changes for the worse. Therefore, the fuzzy random variables for traveling times and satisfactions of activities derived from uncertainty conditions are introduced, and a new route planning problem is proposed to obtain the favorable route similar to the optimal route under the usual condition. As a basic case of fuzzy numbers, interval values and the order relation are introduced. From the order relation, the proposed model is transformed into an extended model of network optimization problems. A numerical example is provided to compare the proposed model with standard route planning problems for sightseeing.


\(10^{5}\) -6.82
Example 1.4
What is \(\Delta{G}^{o}\) for isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
If at equilibrium, we have \(K_{eq} = 0.0475\) at 298 K and pH 7. We can calculate:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303\;RT log_{10} K_{eq}= (-2.303) * (1.98 * 10^{-3}) * 298 * (log_{10} 0.0475) = 1.8 \;kcal/mol\]
 - The initial concentration of dihydroxyacetone phosphate = \(2 \times 10^{-4}\; M\)
 - The initial concentration of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = \(3 \times 10^{-6}\; M\)
From equation 2:
\(\Delta{G}\) = 1.8 kcal/mol + 2.303 RT log10(3*10-6 M/2*10-4 M) = -0.7 kcal/mol
Under non-standard conditions (which is essential all reactions), the spontaneity of reaction is determined by \(\Delta{G}\), not \(\Delta{G}^{o'}\).
Gibbs Energy in Electrochemistry
The Nernst equation relates the standard-state cell potential with the cell potential of the cell at any moment in time:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.18}\]
 - \(E\) = cell potential in volts (joules per coulomb)
 - \(n\) = moles of electrons
 - \(F\) = Faraday's constant: 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons
 By rearranging this equation we obtain:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.19} \]
multiply the entire equation by \(nF\)
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.20}\]
which is similar to:
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.21}\]
By juxtaposing these two equations:
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.22}\]
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.23}\]
it can be concluded that:
\[ \Delta G = -nFE \tag{1.24}\]
\[ \Delta G^o = -nFE^o \tag{1.25}\]
Some remarks on the Gibbs "Free" Energy
 - Free Energy is not even "real": G differs from the thermodynamic quantities H and S in another significant way: it has no physical reality as a property of matter, whereas H and S can be related to the quantity and distribution of energy in a collection of molecules (e.g., the third law of thermodynamics). The free energy is simply a useful construct that serves as a criterion for change and makes calculations easier.
 1. Chang, Raymond. Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences. Sansalito, CA: University Sciences, 2005.
 2. Atkins, Peter and de Paula, Julio. Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2006. Page 153-163, 286.
 3. Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry (Third Edition). New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1988. Page 181-184.
 - Cathy Doan (UC Davis), Han Le (UC Davis)
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How Do Monkeys Smell?
Monkeys smell like wild animals. Monkeys live in jungles, so they smell like earth and dirt. Monkeys clean each other of bugs and mites.
Q&A Related to "How Do Monkeys Smell"
Like humans, monkeys possess sweat glands, and regulate body temperature by exuding evaporative fluid out pores in their skin.
There are many different types of monkeys. If they are well cared for, they smell like
Run down to the zoo, ask for the primate area. Then lift thy nose, sniff, and ye shall find out for thyself. Source(s): as a former zookeeper, honestly, they pretty much smell like
I didn't read anything you wrote heres how I do it I click reply then stroll down as far as possible without even glancing at what you write so you wrote all that in vain you nosey
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because they throw their excretes...
u smell....


text:
Oct. 7, 2004 Get out -- for at least 30 minutes. The positive impact warm, sunny weather can have on mental health and mood are real, according to new University of Michigan research.
Taking a trip to someplace warm in the middle of winter or lingering outside when spring arrives can be especially beneficial, with pleasant weather improving mood, memory and broadening cognitive style (openness to new information and creative thoughts) as time spent outside increased, researchers found. Hotter weather during the summer, however, lowered mood levels and the effect of pleasant weather was far less noticeable in other seasons.
"Being outside in pleasant weather really offers a way to re-set your mind-set,'' said Matthew Keller, the U-M post-doctoral researcher who led the psychology study. "Everyone thinks weather affects mood but the biggest tests of this theory in 2000 found no relationship, so we went back and found there are two important variables: how much time you spend outside and what the season is. If you go from winter to spring and spend enough time outside, there's a noticeable change."
The findings, completed by a team that also included U-M social psychology professors Barbara Frederickson and Oscar Ybarra, will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science.
A set of three studies involved more than 600 participants from throughout the United States. In one study conducted during the spring in Ann Arbor, participants who were randomly assigned to be outdoors during warm and sunny days showed improved mood and memory compared to participants who were outside when the weather was not pleasant and compared to participants who spent the time inside.
The impact of weather on mood and cognition has been difficult to demonstrate because people in industrialized countries, on average, spend 93 percent of their time indoors, making them largely disconnected from the impact of changing weather outside.
Keller himself experienced the phenomenon and was inspired to conduct the research after leaving Michigan for a mid-winter trip to Mexico, quickly being reminded that "life is full of color and life is fun. It's easy to forget that during the wintertime."
He notes that most people feel a little more blue in the winter and better in the spring, with the most extreme example being among those who suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a recurrent depression with typical onset during the fall or winter. Previous research has found a connection between hot weather and violent behavior, and sunnier weather improving stock performance.
The researchers also found the optimal temperature for mood for most Americans is 72 degrees, about room temperature, with mood decreasing if temperatures became significantly higher or lower. There were regional differences, however, with mood peaking at 65 degrees in Michigan and 86 degrees in considerably warmer Texas.
For weather to improve mood, subjects needed to spend at least 30 minutes outside in warm, sunny weather. Contrary to their initial expectations, researchers found that spending time indoors when the weather outside was pleasant actually decreased mood and narrowed cognitive style. They suspected this was perhaps because people resent being cooped-up indoors when weather becomes better in the spring or perhaps because improved weather can make normal indoor activities feel boring or irritating.
The researchers note that it should not be surprising that weather and seasons affect human behavior, given that humans have evolved with seasonal and weather changes since the dawn of the species.
Calling for further research into the subject, the researchers offer a straight forward prescription: "If you wish to reap the psychological benefits of good springtime weather, go outside.''
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- M. C. Keller, B. L. Fredrickson, O. Ybarra, S. Cote, K. Johnson, J. Mikels, A. Conway, T. Wager. A Warm Heart and a Clear Head: The Contingent Effects of Weather on Mood and Cognition. Psychological Science, 2005; 16 (9): 724 DOI: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.2005.01602.x
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center: Indiana University Bloomington
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Underlying packaging/wrapping must carry the address, billing, and any other information required to direct the shipment to its final destination (i.e., the permit holder's address; N.B., USDA APHIS does not defray any additional shipping costs incurred for transiting the shipment through an inspection station as the initial US destination)."


text: Usual English form of the Latin name Hadrianus 'man from Hadria'. Hadria was a town in northern Italy, which gave its name to the Adriatic Sea; it is of unknown derivation. The initial H- has always been very volatile. The name was borne by the Roman emperor Publius Aelius Hadrianus, during whose reign (ad 117–138) Hadrian's Wall was built across northern England. The name was later taken by several early popes, including the only English pope, Nicholas Breakspeare (Adrian IV). It was in early use among immigrants from the Low Countries, and is found in some English regions from the mid-16th century. It has enjoyed considerable popularity in the English-speaking world since the late 20th century.


circumstances; in this case, as a side-effect of the nodes repelling each other from a greater distance, they are more inclined to line up in such a way that they don't intersect. This could create other problems, however, such as the bunching you observed (neighbouring nodes are having too great an effect on nearby clusters) and, in general, greater repulsion forces will lead to diagrams that are more (unnecessarily) spread-out.
 You should be able to improve the layout of the nodes by tweaking just the constants (and leaving the force calculations alone) – you may have to increase/decrease them by several orders of magnitude to get a noticeable effect. The addition operator in the Vector class (as pointed out in comments on this post already) could benefit from the improved accuracy that the Math.Atan2 method offers (vs my Math.Tanh approach) – after changing the implementation, my results improved measuredly.
 Once again, thanks for taking the time to explore the algorithm – I hope this goes some way to answering your questions.
 - vote
 Thank you for your answer, I'll continue trying to adjust the constants.
 I understand why it is wrong to change the laws of physics 🙂 but if I don't succeed in adjusting, I will probably have to leave these changes and settle with the side-effects (which are acceptable for my problem domain). I will also consult with my professor.
 Thank you again and continue the good work!
 9. vote
 Thanks for this! I might be making a silly mental mistake here but it seems like you don't need to calculate these angles at all. If you know your hypotenuse (i.e. your distance between your points) – you can get your x and y force component as: xForce = xDiff/dist * force and yForce = yDiff/dist*force. It seems that by converting to angle form and then getting back your rise and run by using atan then sin and cos you're just using up lots of computation cycles and as noted above possibly introducing inaccuracies. I could be totally missing something though! Regardless a very helpful tutorial/demo.
 - vote
 All we have to work with are the magnitude and direction for each of the two vectors being added; these do not form right-angled triangles, so there is no hypotenuse. The only technique I know of to add vectors is to break them into their x and y components, add these together and then obtain the new magnitude (Pythagorus' Theorem) and direction (arc tangent). If you know of a more efficient way to add vectors in terms of their magnitude and direction only, i'd be very happy if you shared it 🙂
 - vote
 Again, could be missing something but the idea is never to compute your vector (magnitude and angle) in the first place. For both the attraction and repulsion algorithms, for each node you compute the force between it and every other node, summing all of the xForces and yForces as you go. If point m is at (0,0) and point n is at (4,3), then distance between the two is sqrt(4^2 + 3^2) = 5. We can then do our force calculations and get the total force along this hypotenuse using the computed distance. Then, the x-component of that force should just be (4-0)/5 * force and the y-component should be (3-0)/5 * force. This should be equivalent to what I believe you're doing, which is using atan to get the angle from rise over run (4/3), and then later demcomposing it before you add your vectors to get x – cos(theta) * force – and y – sin(theta) * force. But that's just going in a circle right, as sin(atan(y/x)) * force = y/dist * force – where dist is the hypotenuse. You should never need to go to angle form in the first place. And although the two ways should be equivalent when doing something O(n^2) like this doing trig functions is hugely costly, not to mention possibly introducing inaccuracies as previously discussed.
 Its also completely possible that I'm being stupid and missing something obvious. My trig is definitely a bit rusty!
 - vote
 You make a fair point. It may be worth investigating whether an x/y component representation results in faster computation times for the force-based algorithm (as a whole) compared to the magnitude/direction representation. It will still be necessary (or, at least, most convenient) to compute angles to determine the force vectors – but by making vector addition less costly, there could be a real difference in performance. I'll make this the subject of a future article!
 - vote
 Still not sure why "It will still be necessary (or, at least, most convenient) to compute angles to determine the force vectors". If you have everything separated into x and y components you can just sum all x forces and all y forces for a given node and then add xForce to xVelocity and yForce to yVelocity. Should never have to deal with angles at all.
 - vote
 When calculating the attraction and repulsion forces, it's convenient to use the magnitude & direction representation; the magnitude of the force is based on the distance between two nodes and the direction is always the bearing from one node to another. The force calculations would be more complex if they were written in terms of X and Y components.
 However, I have done some preliminary tests using an alternative Vector implementation that stores X and Y components instead of magnitude and direction; it offers a constructor which accepts magnitude and direction, to allow the force calculations to remain unchanged. This means that trig functions are only used when calculating the forces and not during vector addition. Using the demo application I included with this post, i'm seeing an approximate 33% performance boost using this approach – so I guess I have you to thank for that! 🙂
 - vote
 Hi Brad,
 Is it easy to implement the changes, to achieve the performance boost, to the rev1 code supplied with this article?
 BTW thanks for the already great rev1 version with I just found and got running in LinqPad 🙂
 - vote
 Hi Peter,
 I've updated the article – see in the Download section. This is a drop-in replacement for the old Vector class.
 Hope this helps!
 10. vote
 I have found this very interesting. Do you have a version in Visual C++ (e.g. MFC)? How easy do you think it would be to port? Any tips?
 - vote
 I have not ported the code to C++ myself, but the force-based algorithm itself would not be difficult to implement in C++. The most complicated functionality to port would be the drawing/rendering code (since that is very API-dependant) – however, if you are a whiz with GDI+ or other common graphics APIs for C++, you should be fine.
 - vote
 I implemented a force diagram in CUDA (Nvidia's Graphics Language), which is basically C++ (all the classes and such are standard C++). Its super fast, you can basically simulate millions of nodes in real time, and I'm going to try to make it scale to multiple GPUs. Currently it is coupled with a webserver, outputting JSON to be consumed by a webpage (for which I use processing.js to do the visualization). Eventually I'll just use an OpenGL context to render 3D network graphs straight to screen, but that's a bit in the future. I'm planning on building this into a full-fledged GPU-powered graph database, but I'll put up a link to my github repository of the code soon (next week or two hopefully) which may be of use to you – since its basically all C++ (you could port the CUDA kernels to C++ with ease, since CUDA is basically a subset of C++).
 11. vote
 Hello Bradley,
 Thank you very much for uploading your work. I would like to know is it possible to reimplement your example in WPF? I am student, and my task is very similar to this, but I need to provide solution in WPF, which yet I don't know very well.. Can you tell me your opinion about that, how complicated it would be?
 - vote
 I believe that it would be relatively simple to rework my implementation in WPF. The biggest difference is that WPF does not use GDI+ (System.Drawing namespace) for rendering, rather the functionality of its own System.Windows.Media and System.Windows.Imaging namespaces. Where GDI+ is a raster-based API, WPF is vector-based. While the current Draw() method is called every time the screen needs to be updated, drawing the diagram using a Graphics object, you would simply output a Drawing object containing various Geometry objects that represent the nodes (e.g. EllipseGeometry) and the connectors (e.g. LineGeometry). Once you assign this Drawing object to a Window (I believe they can be placed inside many different WPF elements; Image, Canvas, Panel, etc) the WPF engine will take care of drawing it for you.
 There are equivalent types in the WPF namespaces for most (if not all) of the types used in my implementation – for example, the Point and Rectangle classes. Once you replace the GDI+ rendering code with equivalent WPF code, everything else in the algorithm remains the same; the calculation of forces, the vector mathematics, they are not dependant on the presentation layer. I do not have much experience with WPF myself, but I think this exercise would


text:
From the use of hot and cold packs to new forms of narcotics, James Roush, professor of clinical sciences, is studying ways to lessen pain after surgery and improve care for small animals, particularly dogs. He is working with the clinical patients who come to the College of Veterinary Medicine's Veterinary Health Center.
Because humans and dogs experience some diseases in similar ways, his research may improve how doctors and physicians understand human health, too.
"Several of our projects have human applications, particularly one involving intra-articular prolotherapy," Roush said.
Here's a closer look at three of Roush's current projects:
* A recent project with Ralph Millard, former Veterinary Health Center resident, focuses on ways that hot packing and cold packing affect tissue temperature in beagles and beagle-sized dogs after surgery.
After surgery in both humans and dogs it is common to put a cold pack or hot pack on tissue to prevent and reduce swelling. How long the pack is used and what type of cold or hot pack is used depends on the type of injury and surgery. Roush said that no studies have looked at how deep in the tissue the packs affect temperature and how long the packs must be applied so that the tissue reaches a desired temperature.
The researchers studied the temperature and tissue depth that hot and cold packing affected and the time it took to reach that temperature.
"We found that you don't really need to cold pack anything longer than 10 minutes because there is not a great change in temperature after that," Roush said.
When tissue is cold packed, it will stay cold for a while after the ice pack is removed. But when tissue is hot packed and the pack is removed, the tissue temperature will return to normal much more quickly. Leaving the hot or cold pack on the tissue longer than 10 minutes will extend the time that the tissue stays at the same hot or cold temperature, Roush said. There just will not be a great change in temperature after 10 minutes.
The same technique of hot and cold packing after surgery is also used in humans. Although more research in humans is needed, Roush said there is a strong possibility that a similar 10-minute time frame for hot and cold packing may apply to humans as well.
The research appears in two upcoming publications in the Journal of Veterinary Research.
* For another project, Roush and Matt Sherwood, Veterinary Health Center resident, are using a mat system to study lameness and osteoarthritis in dogs. When dogs step on the mat, it measures the pressure in their step.
The mat system is a useful clinical tool for evaluating and developing treatment of lameness, Roush said. Roush and Sherwood are using the mat for measuring lameness and determining in which leg the lameness is worse.
"We've designed the study to help improve osteoarthritis treatment," Roush said. "We will also use it to measure clinical patients when they come in for regular checkups. We can measure their recovery and a variety of other aspects: how they respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, how they respond to narcotics or how they respond to a surgical procedure that is designed to take that pressure off the joint."
* Roush also is working with Marian Benitez, Veterinary Health Center resident, on an analgesic pharmacology study. Rose McMurphy, professor of clinical sciences, and Butch KuKanich, associate professor of anatomy and physiology, are also involved.
The researchers are studying the effectiveness of a painkiller used to treat dogs and researching potential alternatives to the drug. The same drug also is commonly used to treat pain in humans.
"To achieve the drug's effect, the dosage in dogs is much higher than in people," Roush said. "It also may not be a very good analgesic in dogs. We want to see if there is an alternative that requires smaller doses and does not have not as much of a discrepancy for patients."
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Nikujaga from Just One Cookbook on Pinay In Texas Cooking Corner
1 large onion
1/2 carrot
2 medium potatoes
1/2 lb thinly sliced meat (usually beef or pork)
1 pkg shirataki noodles
A couple of snow peas/green beans/green peas for decoration, accenting green color.
1 Tbsp. vegetable oil
2 cup (500ml) dashi stock
4 Tbsp. mirin
4 Tbsp. soy sauce
2 Tbsp. sake
1 Tbsp. sugar
1. Make dashi stock.
3. Cut the potatoes into 4 wedges and smooth the edge of potatoes. If the pieces have sharp edges then they are likely to break into pieces during the cooking process from bumping into each other. We call this Japanese cutting technique mentori. Soak the potatoes in water to prevent from changing color.
4. Cut the sliced meat in half. Rinse and drain shirataki noodles.
7. In a large pot, heat oil on medium heat and sauté the onion.
9. Add the potatoes, carrots, and shirataki noodles.
10. Add dashi stock and Seasonings bring to a boil.
11. Once boiling, turn down the heat to medium and skim off the scum. Make sure all the ingredients are flat and most of ingredients are covered by the soup.
12. Place otoshibuta and simmer on medium heat for 10-15 minutes, or until vegetables are cooked. Otoshibuta is necessary to maintain the shape of the vegetables being stewed. Do not mix the ingredients while cooking; Otoshibuta will help the flavor circulate automatically.
Nikujaga tastes even better the second day so don't worry if you can' finish all the food.


text:
Green Diary highlights artist Luke Jerram's new project "Aeolus," which seeks to capture the sound of wind passing through a landscape. According to Green Diary, Jerram received an £225K grant from the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPRSC) to create and tour Aeolus, an exploration of acoustics, wind, and architecture, which was inspired by a tour of desert wells in Iran that one local well-digger said sung in the wind. The artist has created a range of sculptures, installations, and live art projects, including the Plant Orchestra.
Aeolian wind harps were seen by Jerram as the best tools for capturing the sound of wind. "Long tensioned strings will resonate with the wind and will be heard by visitors inside the space. The ambition is to sonify the three dimensional landscape of wind. The public will be able to visualise this shifting wind map from within the space by interpreting the sound around them."
The piece will consist of components that explore light, including "hundreds of light pipes which both draw the landscape of light into the building and hum at a series of low frequencies. The tubes act to frame and magnify the landscape so that from inside the structure, at its centre, visitors can see through one hundred of these pipes simultaneously, contemplating an ever changing landscape of light."
The installation features a specially designed architectural space that will resonate and sing with the wind. EPRSC and the engineering groups of University of Southampton (ISVR) and University of Salford are involved and funding the project because they hope to learn more about how to make audible wind noises without electrical power or amplification.
The temporary installation will tour sites in the UK and elsewhere, and each location's unique wind and landscape sound will be recorded.
Image credit: Luke Jerram


text:
In Spain and other countries, open channel distribution networks have been replaced by on demand-pressurized networks to improve the water-use efficiency of the water distribution systems, but at the same time the energy requirements have dramatically risen. Under this scenario, methodologies to reduce the energy consumption are critical such as: irrigation network sectoring, critical hydrant detection, improving the efficiency of the pumping system and the irrigation system, or introducing solar energy for water supply. But once these measures are undertaken, the recovery of the energy inherent in excess pressure in the network should be investigated. Hydropower energy recovery in irrigation is still largely unexplored and requires further investigation and demonstration. All of these methodologies should be considered as useful tools for both, the reduction of energy consumption and the recovery of the excess energy in pressurized irrigation networks. To accomplish this, the REDAWN project (Reducing Energy Dependency in Atlantic Area Water Networks) aims to improve the energy efficiency of water networks through the installation of innovative micro-hydropower (MHP) technology. This technology will recover wasted energy in existing pipe networks across irrigation, public water supply, process industry, and waste-water network settings.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


Given the current circumstances the Belfast Meditation Group is holding weekly virtual classes via Skype. These classes are open for anyone to join. Also if you would like 1:1 instruction before joining the group this can also be facilitated via Skype.
For further information e-mail: or phone: 07557 366 933
Classes nornmally take place on Sunday evenings at 7.15pm in Cranmore One Clinic: 1 Cranmore Park, Belfast BT9 6JF
Samatha means calmness & tranquility, Samatha meditation is a breath-based mindfulness practice, which helps the busy mind to settle. Gradually, deeper states of tranquility and peacefulness develop; insight or understanding (Vipassana) follows.
The practice helps to achieve calmness, concentration and awareness. It is an effective but gentle way of training the mind to generate stillness, understanding and contentment.
Classes are open to complete beginners and to people with some experience of other forms of meditation. All are welcome.
The practice is taught in stages and usually takes up to 6 months to learn in full. Everyone progresses at their own pace and you can join the class at any point in the year.
Classes involve some instruction, a guided meditation and a short group discussion. You can sit on a chair or use cushions on the floor. Everyone has the opportunity to speak individually with the teacher. Tea/coffee is available at the end of the class.
There is no charge for the teaching, but a small donation (£5 if waged), to help cover costs is appreciated.
All Welcome!


Calytrix CNR-Sidetone
CNR-Sidetone is a small USB-powered audio mixing device that connects the user's headset and computer, providing several key features that dramatically enhance the audio realism within your simulated radio environment..
Sidetone: The feedback of a microphone signal at a reduced volume back into the associated headphones, allowing a user's own voice to be heard as part of that user's headphones' audio environment.
The Presence of a'sidetone' gives the User the sensation that the microphone and associated equipment are working properly, that the microphone is "live". Lack of sidetone can give the wrong impression that the user is speaking into a non-working ("dead") microphone.
Sidetone increases the realism of training for trainees using headsets. In addition, some systems use the presence of sidetone as positive reinforcement to the user that the user's microphone has been activated.


text:
If you want to learn a cool easy effect in iMovie, the picture in picture effect is one of those. You know when you watch a news report and see a reporter talk about something going on in the world. Well the majority of the time, you'll see either a picture or video of that event on part of the screen. That's basically what the picture in picture effect does. It adds a video or picture over the top of another video so that they can both be played and seen at the same time.
You're probably thinking that the picture in picture effect must be difficult to achieve in a basic editing program like iMovie. Well guess what? You're in luck! It's super easy and this iMovie picture in picture tutorial video will show you exactly what I mean.
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Video
Now that you've watched this video you should be ready to add the picture in picture effect to any video you create. That is if it needs it of course. Here's a recap of the steps to remember:
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Steps
1. As always, start a new project.
2. Add a video or picture to your project.
3. Find another video or picture and drag it directly over the top of the first clip or picture you added to your project.
4. Select "Picture in Picture" in the list of options.
5. Make the proper adjustments to that clip. (Resize and move the clip or picture where you want it on the screen).
6. Finally, hit done.
Just like that you have learned how to use the picture in picture effect in iMovie. Don't be surprised either when you realize how much you use this effect for a variety of things in iMovie.


text:
Macau is well known as a gaming city in Asia and even in the world, where the environmental protection is always a focus for the governmental administration and public concern. In the meantime, the subject of urban environment and city development is also a sustaining research interest for the academic society of Macau and it is also a hot topic for collaborative researches of Macau scholars and the scholars from Beijing and Guangzhou and Hong Kong as well as the Pearl River delta region. For this reason, Macau Environmental Research Institute (MERI) is established in September, 2015, and is becoming the key research institute in Macau University of Science and Technology.
MERI is committed to a research strategy in accordance with the social, economic and cultural significance of Macau. We organize full-scale academic communication and cooperation with research institutions in Macau, from periphery and around the world. With these capacities combined, MIRI hopes to further carry out the systematic researches on the new environmental topics in Macau, and endeavors to build an advantaged research platform for interested scholars and students and to offer original and meaningful research findings for local and international academics. The research fields will mainly include but not limited to:
- Vehicle emission pollution and risk analysis;
- Urban ambient air quality simulation and prediction;
- Environmental pollution and risk analysis of Macau estuary;
- Solid waste recycling and management;
- Urban energy saving and emission reduction, and clean energy resources utilization;
- Ecological remediation of urban landscape lake;
- Public health and urban environmental pollution;
- Life cycle assessment method and application;
- Applications of remote sensing and urban geographic system；
- Strategic studies for city sustainable development and sustainable development index system;
- Environmental Quality Standard and Risk Assessment of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao
- Recovery theory and technology for the contaminated soil
An efficient crew of full-time and part-time researchers established the solid basis for teaching and research of the institute. We also built the stable cooperation relationship with the university in mainland China, such as Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen University.
In addition, MERI had launched a master program on Environmental Science and Management. At the same time, we are also preparing for the application of Ph.D degree program.


text:
Selecting and applying cesium-137 conversion models to estimate soil erosion rates in cultivated fields
Received for publication April 19, 2009. The fallout radionuclide cesium-137 (137Cs) has been successfully used in soil erosion studies worldwide. However, discrepancies often exist between the erosion rates estimated using various conversion models. As a result, there is often confusion in the use of the various models and in the interpretation of the data. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the structural and parametrical uncertainties associated with four conversion models typically used in cultivated agricultural landscapes. For the structural uncertainties, the Soil Constituent Redistribution by Erosion Model (SCREM) was developed and used to simulate the redistribution of fallout 137Cs due to tillage and water erosion along a simple two-dimensional (horizontal and vertical) transect. The SCREM-predicted 137Cs inventories were then imported into the conversion models to estimate the erosion rates. The structural uncertainties of the conversion models were assessed based on the comparisons between the conversion-model-estimated erosion rates and the erosion rates determined or used in the SCREM. For the parametrical uncertainties, test runs were conducted by varying the values of the parameters used in the model, and the parametrical uncertainties were assessed based on the responsive changes of the estimated erosion rates. Our results suggest that: (i) the performance/accuracy of the conversion models was largely dependent on the relative contributions of water vs. tillage erosion; and (ii) the estimated erosion rates were highly sensitive to the input values of the reference 137Cs level, particle size correction factors and tillage depth. Guidelines were proposed to aid researchers in selecting and applying the conversion models under various situations common to agricultural landscapes.