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This toolkit describes a range of tools that CSOs might use to understand and map political context, in order to engage more effectively in policy processes.
Policy is the result of interactions among different organisations about what course of action should be taken. The sum of these interactions constitutes the policy process. And the policy process – the interactions among organisations – is part of a wider environment, or context.
Political context includes aspects such as the distribution of power, the range of organisations involved and their interests, and the formal and informal rules that govern the interactions among different players. Political context shapes the ways in which policy processes work. If CSOs can better understand the contexts for their actions, then they will be in a better position to devise more effective strategies, which may allow them to have more influence on policy.
This guide introduces a series of tools that have been designed to map various dimensions of political context. The tools have been selected because they cover a wide variety of political dimensions. As such, they provide a menu of different approaches to mapping political context; CSOs and others can select from this menu and make use of the tools according to their own needs.


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Background: Acute fever with dengue-like fever symptoms with headache, rash, arthritis, perifer bleeding like ptechie and rinhorrhea are symptoms that often complained by patient and it may be caused by arboviruses infection. Arboviruses are very endemic in Indonesia, especially Dengue Virus (DENV), Japanese Encephalisitis Virus (JEV), and Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) that causing similar symptoms. Molecular detection is very important to confirm the etiology for adequate management. Methods: This study investigated the etiological agent using one step real time RT reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) method and SYBR Green I as fluorescent binding dye reporter. The viruses that were investigated were JEV and CHIKV. Primer design was using online software NCBI. Those primers fulfill the good primer requirements and can be used as material in RT PCR reaction. Results: The optimum temperature for all primers were at 60 °C. The limit detection of JEV primer was 4355 copy DNA every reaction. Cross reactivity between all primers with DENV serotype 2 RNA and false positive result using healthy person sample were not found. Conclusions: This study has optimized condition RT PCR protocol that can be used as diagnostic tools for patient with dengue-like fever symptoms.
Ariani R, Sudiro TM, Dewi BE. Molecular Detection for Japanese Encephalitis and Chikungunya Virus as Etiology Agent for Dengue-Like Fever Symptoms. Makara J Health Res. 2018;22.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What does BIU stand for?
BIU stands for BikeTrial International Union
This definition appears somewhat frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of BIU
We have 24 other meanings of BIU in our Acronym Attic
- Basic Income Unit
- Basic Information Unit
- Basic Interface Unit
- Beach Interface Unit (US DoD)
- Beat It Up
- Beirut Islamic University
- Belarusian Insurance Union
- Benson Idahosa University
- Berkeley International University (Delaware)
- Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire


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PSEUDEC: implementation of the computation-intensive PARTRAN functionality using a dedicated on-line CORDIC co-processor
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5 Author(s)
Moller, F.T. ; Inst. for Electron. Syst., Aalborg Univ., Denmark ; Andersen, J.B. ; Jensen, H.R. ; Olsen, O.
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This paper describes PSEUDEC, a dedicated co-processor and the rationale behind its design. The final goal of our work is to present a single chip solution with low power consumption for an advanced digital hearing aid based on a parameterized transformation of speech (PARTRAN). Characterization of the constituent parts of the PARTRAN algorithm shows that it is well suited for implementation on a heterogeneous architecture. The design strategy used identifies a subset for implementation on dedicated hardware, with a computational complexity roughly equivalent to the performance of a standard 10 MIPS DSP. The subset of PARTRAN implemented by PSEUDEC performs pseudo-decomposition of a 12th order LPC polynomial. An adapted algorithm displays improved dynamic range compared to the conventional solution for DSPs, calculating the amplitude spectrum rather than the power spectrum. Highly pipelined CORDIC-units optimized for the application replaces complex multiplication, trigonometric operations (for e) and square root (for |a|=√(ar2+ai2)), exploiting the power of CORDIC operations in advanced DSP algorithms. PSEUDEC uses redundant data representation and bit-serial arithmetic, most significant digit first (on-line arithmetic) for efficient implementation of operators and for efficient (inter-operator) communication. The inherent nature of on-line arithmetic and the operators used allows for fast and efficient implementation even when using ordinary standard cells
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9-12 May 1995
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Hawkins's Rail or Giant Chatham Island Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi, was a flightless extinct bird endemic to the Chatham Islands east of New Zealand. It is known to have existed only on the main islands of Chatham Island and Pitt Island. It is largely known from skeletal remains found in the kitchen middens of the original Polynesian inhabitants, the Moriori.
The bird was approximately 16 inches tall and weighed about 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg) and is thought to have been primarily an insectivore.
It was long thought that the Hawkins's Rail was extinct prior to European discovery, however recent evidence suggests that the bird may have become extinct much later. An 1895 letter belonging to financier/zoologist Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild describes the appearance, behaviour, and Moriori hunting method concerning the species.
- _URL_ Te Papa collection online - Cabalus modestus; paratype
|This Gruiformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Thursday, September 12, 2013
Smarter playlist length calculations
For my playlist controller/generator application, I wanted to have a way to produce an accurate list length to reflect about one day's worth of songs. I figured that if I knew how long every track was in my library, I should be able to get a good estimate as to how many tracks I could potentially play in a single day. From that, I then can figure out how many tracks to load into the playlist. So, first I need to have the lengths, in seconds (and fractions of seconds) for each and every track in the library.
I have my library partitioned into different categories, one category per track. I did not want to use the genre for this, as the genre could be something that does not reflect my own personal preference for categorizing my music. I have the categories organized in my settings file so that they are listed in order of my preference. This is done in a two-dimensional list configuration in python. The placement order in this list determines the "weight" of a particular category, which effectively determines how much more or less I'd like to hear songs in that category.
I divide up the tracks based on category, and take the geometric mean of the lengths of each track in each category. For those who are unfamiliar with a geometric mean, it is another kind of average that can be taken. The more common arithmetic mean is you sum up the values, then divide the sum by the number of values present. The geometric mean is taken by multiplying all of the values, then take the Nth root of the product, where N is the total number of values. So, if you have three values, 3, 2, 4, the arithmetic mean of these would be (3 + 2 + 4) / 3 = 3. Th geometric mean would be the cube root of (3 * 2 * 4), or the cube root of 24, which would be 2.88... This kind of average tends to predict lower than the arithmetic mean, which in this particular scenario would be like assuming what might be possible if a lot of smaller-length tracks were played within a single day.
Unfortunately, the calculation for geometric means results in insanely huge numbers due to multiplication, and actually can end up going out of bounds for floating-point numbers due to the size of the number that is calculated. So, there is a trick that can be done to avoid this. The trick is to use the arithmetic mean, and the harmonic mean. The harmonic mean is summing the reciprocals of the values, and then multiplying that by the total number of values (in the above example, you would do 3 * (1/3 + 1/4 + 1/2) = 2.77...). then you do the geometric mean of the arithmetic and harmonic means (square root of 3 * 2.77... = 2.88...).
Because I process favorites vs non-favorites differently, I run this geometric mean on all tracks in a category, and then just the favorites in that category, and apply the weights I've defined in my settings file for favorites or normal tracks to the results, and sum the two together to get the adjusted geometric mean for the whole category.
I then do a weighted average for the adjusted geometric mean for each category, based on the weights I've calculated earlier. A weighted average is to multiply the category's geometric mean by the category's weight, and summing that with the product of each category, and dividing it by the sum of the weights. The end result is a very good estimate for the average length, in seconds, for each track. I divide the number of seconds in a day by this average length, and I get the total number of tracks per day, which will be the basis for the number of tracks I load into the playlist. The end result is that different tracks impact this calculation in different weights based on the category and whether it is a favorite track or not. My favorites in my favorite category have a bigger impact than a non-favorite track in my least favorite category. Smaller-length tracks have a bigger impact on this number than longer tracks.
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Making my playlist processing be concurrent.
This may come as a shock to some people, but I have this itch to continually tweak my music playlist. It started with me having a set of songs I liked... And [un?]fortunately, this collection grew, and grew. Soon, I wanted to have a way to organize my music and ensure that I'm listening to a certain set of songs. Enter the iTunes Smart Playlists, which let me define, in Set Theory-like notation, multiple playlists each following a different set of rules, that I could combine together and randomize to produce a "daily playlist", which I loaded into my Gen 1 iPhone. This worked fairly well.
Well... eventually I replaced that phone, and chose a less technologically-advanced phone (read: not a smart phone), and had to come up with some other way to get my music. So I took my music, and used a plethora of different streaming servers, building the same kind of functionality as I had with the iTunes smart playlists, building a daily playlist to stream to me at work (or wherever I can get the stream from). I eventually got fed up with most of the streaming servers, and settled onto Music Player Daemon (MPD). I also found a nice python library to interface with the MPD server, and control it (python-mpd2). This meant I could basically write my own playlist generator, how I wanted it, and have my music streamed through MPD, without all of the annoyances that the proprietary streaming servers were doing.
Now, several generations and revisions later, I have my own music database (the backend is unimporant, it will work with any database backend that SQLAlchemy can use) for my playlist generator, which has transformed into a playlist controller (it continually runs, and updates as songs are played through the day, eventually loading in a new batch of songs as the internal playlist gets used up). I have rebuilt it so that the database updating, and the playlist generating is all done concurrently, with multiple "worker processes" that drive handles chunks of the processing of each independently of the other processes. The beauty of this is that I can leverage multi-core computers for the playlist controller, and be able to have the processes spread around the different cores, which gives a nice performance boost.
Now, I am trying to add in new features to it. I want it to scrobble to I want my holiday music playlist modifications to work again. I want it to play stuff from podcasts, I want to be able to mix in music from Pandora. These will keep m busy, now that I think I have the core processing working in a way I am comfortable with.
Thursday, May 23, 2013
A Christian's Response To: A Christian's View of World of Warcraft (published in 2008)
I found this little jewel out on the 'net, and feel a need to respond to the blatant misconstruing of what is or isn't OK with World of Warcraft. I am a Christian (Confessional Lutheran, to be precise), and I also enjoyed playing World of Warcraft. I don't like it when people muddy the name "Christian" with stuff that is not Christian, and feel compelled by my Christian Freedom and Christian Responsibility to respond to this, even if I am about 5 years late on finding it. I am not a fan of the Legalism or the Moralism that plagues American Protestantism. So... here we go:
Evil Character and Quests
The classic argument about playing "evil characters" in a game. This has recently been touched upon quite well by Rev. Jonathan Fisk at Worldview Everlasting. This is basically an arbitrary line in the sand being drawn. Why do I say that? Because in the game, you pretend to be a different person, basically, you lie. So this line is drawn claiming that one kind of lying (role-playing a good character) is better than another kind of lying (role-playing a bad character). Further, this argument could be applied to condemn any writer to ever have evil characters portrayed in their books. Because they have to get into the role of those characters to know how the characters would act/react in the book. Or, for that matter, you better just not read any book with conflicts between good and evil characters within it, because the author was obviously being evil when writing about the evil characters, and it is better to avoid it entirely. Oh, wait, this means you better skip reading the Bible, because it is filled with all kinds of conflicts between good and evil, most notably between the triune God and sin, death, and the Devil. Like I said, it is an arbitrary line... and one that is not made in the Bible at all. As it is not expressly forbidden in the Bible, it becomes a matter of Christian Freedom. The correct term for it is "adiophra", which means those things not expressly forbidden in the Bible.
Sorry, but psychology is not a study based on the Bible, or even remotely connected to the Bible (and in fact, is arguably contrary to the Bible on many points). This has absolutely nothing to do with Christianity, and everything to do with human reason. The jury is still out as far as gaming "addiction" is concerned, and I don't see this as any kind of point with merit when defining Christian reasons to oppose playing WoW.
So what? It is, by definition a game, with rules connected to how to play the game. A game without rules would be


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The Effect of Learning Curve on Production
Operations Professor Suresh Chand, with the assistance of PhD student Sunantha Teyarachakul, is seeking to understand the effect of learning and forgetting on batch sizing decisions in a production environment. Batch size is how many units of products should be produced for inventory analysis. Learning occurs where time to perform a task goes down with repetition. Forgetting occurs where time to perform a task goes up due to time elapsed since the last completion of the task. The duo's research draws insights from industry professionals who face batching decisions in their everyday work experiences.
It is up to a firm to determine the production schedule to meet demand. If batch sizes are large and batches are produced infrequently, there is a large amount of learning within the batch, which is positive, but also a large amount of forgetting between two successive batches, which is negative. One practitioner noted, "We produce in large batches because our setup times are large. And our setup times are large because we set up infrequently and do not really learn how to set up."
Professor Chand sought to model the learning and forgetting associated with gaps in batch production. This included looking at the time to perform a task, such as installing the door on an automobile. Task time decreases as the task is repeated and knowledge is gained. This creates a learning curve where the 200th unit produced may require 20% less time than the 100th unit.
The issue of the effect of learning and forgetting on productivity is an important one. In 1990, Argote and Epple noted: "Large increases in productivity are typically realized as organization gain experience in production. These learning curves have been found in many organizations. Organizations vary considerably in the rates at which they learn. Some organizations show remarkable productivity gains, whereas others show little or no learning. Reasons for the variation observed in organizational learning curves include forgetting, employee turnover, transfer of knowledge from other products, and other organizations and economies of scale."
Studies have also shown that the amount of forgetting increases as the gap between two successive repetitions of a task increases. Also, people forget at a relatively lower rate early in the gap and at a quicker rate later in the gap followed by a slower rate again.
Toyota's approach, which is covered in Prof. Chand's operational management course, is to produce a unit and to learn to manufacture better the next production cycle. This continuous improvement philosophy is what inspired Prof. Chand to investigate the subject more in depth. Students across various disciplines can gain insight from the research.
Similar to operations, there are two types of tasks: procedural and autonomous. An example of autonomous is riding a bike, where the skill becomes inherent and is recalled quickly. Procedural would be an activity such as working in Excel. For instance, if a student only works with spreadsheets every six months, there will be some skills that will require relearning when working with them again. Individuals should seek to improve their skills with the repetition of each task, but this can only be accomplished if the skills are retained and built upon.
The result of Prof. Chand's research suggests that firms are better off producing smaller batches. The advantages include producing more frequently, reducing forgetfulness and creating a continuous learning process. Combined with this recommendation is spending time each day on improvement activities. Rather than scheduling work for eight hours a day, spending 30 minutes thinking about improvement processes to get feedback can reduce the amount of forgetfulness.
Prof. Chand has published five papers on modeling batch sizes and teaches operations management in the MBA program.
- Heather Owens (MBA '12)


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Ferric chloried is an industrial scale commodity chemical compound. The color of Ferric CHloride crystals depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light the crystals appear dark green, but reflected light they apear purple-red. Anhydrous Ferric Chloride is deliquescent, forming hydrated hydrogen chloride mists in moist air.
Capacity : 6,000 TPA
Application :Indutrially Ferric Chloride is used in sewage treatment and production of drinking water. Amongst other unconventional uses, It is also used as a drying reagent in certain reactions, used in making print circuit boards and test pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steel and other alloys
Product Related queries : _EMAIL_
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1. What is urban renewal? Why do cities undergo urban renewal, and what are the results? 1. Definition of urban renewal Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhood, acquire the properties from private owners, build new roads and utilities, and turn...Read More
Visitor MapClick the map below to view a map of recent site visitors.
TagsAfrica africa map african languages age sex ratio agriculture Balto-Slavic Ch. 1 Ch. 8 Ch. 13 communism Cuba culture declining birth rate demographic transition dependency ratio devolution earth economic factors Ellis Island emigration Eritrea ethnic groups expansion diffusion external migration filtering folk culture folk housing Geography Haiti images Indo-Iranian infant mortality rate internal migration Jainism Japan jeans languages life expectancy Malthus map mercator middle east migration migration trends mobility model mortality nationalism nationality Natural Increase Rate NIR outline perceptual region physiological density Pop Culture popular culture population pyramid pull factor push factor race racism range Romance rubenstein self-determination services settlements sex ratio sikhism slums Somalua soviet union squatter settlement states supranationalism total fertility rate Unit 4 United Nations urbanization urban planning urban renewal vernacular region von thunen


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- class composer.metrics.LanguageCrossEntropy(dist_sync_on_step=False, ignore_index=- 100)#
Torchmetric that computes cross entropy on language modeling outputs.
- Adds metric state variables:
sum_loss (float): The sum of the per-example loss in the batch. total_items (float): The number of batches to average across.
Aggregate the state over all processes to compute the metric.
loss – The loss averaged across all batches as a
- update(output, target)#
Updates the internal state with results from a new batch.
output (Mapping) – The output from the model, which must contain either the Tensor or a Mapping type that contains the loss or model logits.
target (Tensor) – A Tensor of ground-truth values to compare against.


Document Type
Publication Date
Academic Year
Dental nerve blocks are a vital skill for physicians to have when treating non-traumatic dental pain; however, there is yet to be a simple, practical, and effective way to educate residents in performing this task. The purpose of this project is to explore the efficacy of a low-fidelity dental model task-trainer in teaching emergency medicine residents to perform dental blocks.
In this study, 29 EM residents at TJUH were surveyed regarding their knowledge and attitudes regarding performing dental blocks using a brief Likert-scale questionnaire. Next, they were given 15 minutes to practice performing dental blocks on a low-fidelity task trainer, guided by an attending physician. After using the task trainer, the residents were administered another questionnaire in the form of a post-test survey, assessing their knowledge and attitudes regarding performing dental blocks. The preand post-test survey data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the task trainer's efficacy as an educational tool.
Results and Conclusions:
Overall, the results showed significant improvements on preand post-test Likert-scale responses for metrics assessing "confidence in performing dental blocks" and "likelihood to perform dental blocks when indicated." 27 of the 29 residents "agreed" or "strongly agreed" that the model was helpful in preparing them to perform dental blocks in the future. From these results, we can interpret that low-fidelity task trainers are an effective tool for educating residents on performing dental blocks. Further studies and subsequent analysis should are recommended to assess how a task trainer compares to typical (non-interactive) educational methods for performing dental blocks.


Holmes' "Reasonable Man"
The concept of reasonableness that figures at the center of Holmes' notion of negligence is objective in nature, that is, conduct is measured against a community-wide standard of reasonableness rather that turn on the subjective mental state of the defendant. Recall that your text defines the reasonable man as "the man in the Clapham omnibus," or "the man who takes the magazines at home, and in the evening pushes the lawn mower in his shirt sleeves." Franklin & Rabin p. 51. Thus, a naive person who innocently lights firecrackers in a crowd not knowing that they might cause harm to others, will most likely be answerable in tort to those she injures because the community would deem that conduct unreasonable, even though we might also say that the conduct was reasonable in light of what she subjectively knew. In this case, she should have known of the danger her conduct posed to others.
But how realistic is an objective standard of reasonableness? Would all the members of a community agree about where to place the bounds of reasonable conduct? Might different populations feel differently? Is there any risk that the view ultimately determined to be reasonable is one which marginalizes the values of members of the society who typically experience marginalization?
If these concerns have any value, how should they affect the ways in which judges and/or juries determine the question of reasonableness in negligence cases? Should the care due from a defendant vary with the sex, race, ethnicity, religion etc. of the potential accident victim? Should the level of care due to a plaintiff vary with his or her sex, race, ethnicity, religion etc.?
After all, women are notoriously bad drivers and throwers, while men are much less nurturing than women (that was a joke, in case any of you are taking me seriously!).
The cases below are designed to illustrate more serious concerns about Holmes' Reasonable Man. As you read them, please consider both how you feel about a reasonable person standard being tailored to the particular circumstances raised in the cases, as well as the implications these concerns raise for negligence law more generally.
1. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R.R. Co. v. Mary Miller
2. Calivn Daniels v. Richard Clegg
3. Little Rock v. Tankersly
4. Ellison v. Brady
5. Taylor v. Metzger
Additional Materials on Reasonable Women - Optional Reading
Margo Schlanger, Injured Women Before Common Law Courts: _PHONE_, 21 Harv. Women's L.J. 79 (1998)
Leslie Bender, A Lawyer's Primer on Feminist Theory and Tort, 38 J. LEGAL EDUC. 3 (1988).
Leslie Bender, Changing the Values in Tort Law, 25 TULSA L.J. 759 (1990).
Martha Chamallas, The Architecture of Bias: Deep Structures in Tort Law, 146 U. Pa. L. Rev. 463 (1998)
Martha Chamallas, Importing Feminist Theories to Change Tort Law, 11 Wis. Women's L.J. 389 (1997)
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The Documentation Centre was created in 1965 when the statutes of the organization provided for the establishment of an International Documentation Centre on the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage. This was done at the initiative of UNESCO.
In 1966, the Brussels Symposium was held with the purpose of defining the aims, structure, and objectives of the ICOMOS Documentation Centre, which are also described in the Statutes: "to gather, study and disseminate information concerning principles, techniques and policies for the conservation, protection, rehabilitation and enhancement of monuments, groups of buildings and sites". (Art. 5b)
The Centre was inaugurated in 1974 and became operational in 1977, when ICOMOS hired a documentalist and an assistant to organise and manage it.
In 1982, the Centre is computerised and a bibliographical database devoted to cultural heritage - ICOMMOS - is created. The Documetation Centre is part of the UNESCO-ICOM-ICOMOS network; it is linked to the central computer at UNESCO by a special line where all the bibliographical information accessible from the computer terminals placed in the different centres is stored.
In 1986, ICOMOS became a partner in the international Conservation Information Network (CIN) created by the Getty Conservation Institute. The ICOMOS Documentation Centre has since then participated in BCIN, the bibliographical database of the CIN, managed by the Canadian Conservation Institute. This database contains over 150,000 citations, including the combined holdings of the libraries and documentation centres of the contributing institutions (ICCROM, CCI, GCI, ICOM, ICOMOS, National Archives of Canada, SCMRE).
In 1990, the Documentation Centre launched a programme of selective information dissemination via computer diskette, with the goal of facilitating the access to bibliographical information managed by ICOMOS.
In 1998, UNESCO changed its computer systems, and so the bibliographical database had to be transferred from their mainframe system to ICOMOS's in-house IT system.
Since June 2002, the database can be searched on the internet at _URL_ It is also available on the Conservation Information Network (CIN) web site (_URL_), of which ICOMOS is a partner.
One documentalist is in charge of the Documentation Centre, who is occasionally helped by documentation interns.


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Tuesday, May 11, 2010
LINDSAY SELBY: The Jersey Devil
The Jersey Devil, sometimes called the Leeds Devil, is a creature said to live in the Pine Barrens in southern New Jersey. The creature is often described as a flying biped with hooves. The story of its exist has been around for over 260 years. There are apparently over 2,000 eyewitnesses reports and its sighting has been responsible for the closing of schools and factories at times when it was at its peak.
The origin of the creature lies in a legend concerning a Mrs Jane Leeds who came from a poor family in the Pine Barrens of Jersey. In 1735 she was pregnant with her 13th child and she said to friends and relatives that the "Devil can take the next one", and supposedly he did. When the baby was born it was said to be a deformed monster. It supposedly grew to more than 20 feet long, with a reptilian body, a horse's head, bat wings and a long, forked tail. It then escaped up the chimney (or out of a window depending on the version of the tale) and began haunting the Pine Barrens. Some said Mrs Leeds was a witch and the father of the child was the devil. Another legend says a young girl fell in love with a British soldier during the Revolutionary War and the people of Leeds Point cursed the girl. When she gave birth to a child it looked like the devil. In 1740 a priest was brought in to exorcise the devil from the area and for years it was not seen.
Alfred Heston, the local historian for the area, believes that the Jersey Devil could have been born to either the Leeds or the Shrouds families. Mr Heston discovered that a Daniel Leeds had land in Great Egg Harbour in 1699 and the family home was in Leeds Point.
Sightings of the devil started again when it was seen in the 1800s.
Joseph Bonaparte, former king of Spain and brother of the famous Napoleon Bonaparte, reported seeing the Jersey Devil in Bordentown between 1816 and 1839 when out hunting.
In the 1840s a strange creature with a piercing scream and odd hoof-like footprints was reported to be killing livestock in the area around the Pine Barrens.
On January 16th 1909 it was seen by many people:
Thack Cozzens of Woodbury reported seeing a flying creature with glowing eyes. John Mcowen heard and saw the creature on the banks of a canal. Policeman James Sackville fired on a strange creature as it flew away. E. W. Minister, Postmaster for Bristol, also reported seeing a bird-like creature with a horse head and a piercing scream. Mr and Mrs Nelson Evans of Gloucester were awakened by a strange noise and on looking out of the window, Mr Nelson watched what he claimed was the Jersey Devil for 10 minutes.
On January 19th 1909 a Burlington police officer and the Reverend John Pursell of Pemberton reported seeing the Jersey Devil. Reverend John Pursell was quoted as saying "Never saw anything like it before."
On January 20th 1909 it was seen by members of by the Black Hawk Social Club and also seen by a trolley full of people in Clementon. Mrs Sorbinski of Camden heard a commotion in her back yard. Upon inspection, she discovered the Jersey Devil with her dog in its grasp. Mrs Sorbinski beat the Jersey Devil with a broom until it dropped her dog and flew off into the night.
Then on January 21st 1909 Camden police officer Louis Strehr witnessed the Jersey Devil drinking from his horse's trough.
The next documented sighting was in 1927 when a cab driver on his way to Salem got flat tyre and whilst he was fixing it, an upright-standing creature landed on the roof of his cab. The creature shook the cab violently and the cab driver ran away. When he returned it had gone.
In August 1930 berry pickers at Leeds Point and Mays Landing reported seeing the Devil in the fields eating blueberries and cranberries. It was reported again two weeks later in the north.
In November 1951 a group of children were allegedly cornered by the Devil at the Duport Clubhouse in Gibbstown. The creature left without causing any harm.
In 1960 a group of people near Mays Landing were scared by strange cries and screams. State officials tried to calm the nervous residents but no explanation could be found for the strange sounds. Harry Hunt, who owned the Hunt Brothers Circus, offered $100,000 for the capture of the creature.
In 1961 a couple were parked up along a road in the Pine Barrens when they heard a loud screeching noise outside. Suddenly the roof of their car smashed and the screeching sound was now right on top of them. The couple fled but later said when they returned they saw an unknown creature flying along the treeline making the same screeching noise.
In 1966 the Jersey Devil was blamed for the death of 31 ducks, 3 geese, 4 cats and two dogs at a local farm. One of the dogs was a large German shepherd found with its throat ripped out.
In 1987 in Vinland, another German shepherd was found torn apart and the body apparently gnawed upon. The body was located 25 feet from where the dog was chained up. Around the body were strange tracks.
In 1993 a forest ranger named John Irwin was driving along the Mullica River in southern New Jersey. He found the road ahead of him blocked by what looked like the Jersey Devil. He described it as being about six feet tall with horns and matted black fur. Irwin stated that he and the creature stared at one another for several minutes before the monster finally turned and ran into the forest.
More recently, in 2004 on a snowy winter night the Winkelmann children were playing outside when they were scared by a creature and headed indoors. Later that night Mrs Winkelmann and her 11-year-old son headed outside to unplug Christmas lights and they noticed a two-legged winged creature in the trees above. The woman and her child ran back to the house as the creature landed on their roof. For the rest of the night the entire family stayed safely locked inside the house. The next morning when they went outside they noticed footprints on the roof and took pictures as evidence to prove the story was real.
This site: _URL_ claims to be official jersey devil hunters site includes reports of sightings up to 2003.
So myth, reality or mistaken identity? It has certainly been around a long time.
Dale Drinnon said...
The situation is (as noted in a review article published in PURSUIT) that ANYTHING unknown and seen in New Jersey is reported as "The Jersey Devil", and that includes reports that would otherwise sound like pumas, bears or Bigfoot.
I did a comparison of the reports following Ivan Sanderson's statement that he thought the reports of a sort of Thunderbird (which he may have heard but not seen while living in New Jersey, but that may have been a very large owl instead)and I found that by cutting out PARTS of the majority of reports and pasting them together, you can make a fairly good composite of a large condor-like bird. That hinges on the "PARTS" part-you will have to be throwing away other parts of nearly all the sightings to make them fit the pattern. So I concluded, "The composite does indeed sound like the type of bird Sanderson suggested: but if these Jersey Devil sightings are describing that type of bird, then the statement must be made that most of the reports are very very bad reports."
Donnie said...
If it is indeed known that an exorcism was performed around 1740, that would precede and therefore exclude the revolutionary war myth. Doesn't in any way confirm the 13th child myth. I'm just curious how long these sightings have been reported, maybe American Indian folklore....? I can see where anything out of the ordinary today could easily be attributed to the Jersey Devil with the notoriety of the creature. Very fascinating subject!


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Definitions of vestry
n. - A room appendant to a church, in which sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are sometimes kept, and where meetings for worship or parish business are held; a sacristy; -- formerly called revestiary. 2
n. - A parochial assembly; an assembly of persons who manage parochial affairs; -- so called because usually held in a vestry. 2
n. - A body, composed of wardens and vestrymen, chosen annually by a parish to manage its temporal concerns. 2
The word "vestry" uses 6 letters: E R S T V Y.
No direct anagrams for vestry found in this word list.
Adding one letter to vestry does not form any other word in this word list.
Shorter words found within vestry:
er ers erst es et re res rest ret rets rev revs rye ryes ser set stey sty stye trey treys try tye tyer tyers tyes tyre tyres verst vert verts very vest vet vets ye yes yet
List shorter words within vestry, sorted by length
All words formed from vestry by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vestry by next letter


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Physical Review E
American Physical Society
Inhomogeneous magnetic fields exert a body force on electrically nonconducting, diamagnetic fluids. This force can be used to compensate for gravity and to control convection. The field effect on convection is represented by a dimensionless vector parameter Rm=(μ0αχ0d3ΔT/ρ0νDT)(H⋅∇H)r=0ext, which measures the relative strength of the induced magnetic buoyancy force due to the applied field gradient. The vertical component of this parameter competes with the gravitational buoyancy effect and a critical relationship between this component and the Rayleigh number is identified for the onset of convection. Magnetically driven convection should be observable even in pure water using current technology.
"Magnetic control of convection in nonconducting diamagnetic fluids," J. Huang, D. D. Gray, and B. F. Edwards, Phys. Rev. E 58, 5164 (1998).


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Mattias Sköld: Pierre Schaeffer - introducing sound as music (Sound and music interaction seminars)
A lecture focused on Schaeffer's analysis of music-making, listening and correlations between the physical signal and the musical object. Schaeffer laid the foundation for a new music theory based on sound characteristics regardless of sound source. Starting from music-making and hearing, Schaeffer's research originated electroacoustic music theory and foreshadowed music psychology research.
Time: Tue 2020-10-20 15.00 - 15.45
Location: Zoom
The seminar is hosted by the Sound and Music Computing group at MID, KTH.
Join Zoom Meeting:
Kjetil Falkenberg


Myth: Employers can make deductions from the wages of staff who make mistakes which cost them money
Irwin Mitchell LLP 22 March 2018
The right to be paid wages in full is a basic employment right and the circumstances in which employers can make deductions from an individual's pay are limited.
Generally, unless the terms of the worker's contract allow you to make the deduction, or the worker agrees in writing before making the deduction, any deduction you make to recover costs/expenses due to a mistake or negligence will be unlawful.
If you go ahead anyway, the worker can bring an employment claim to recover the amount they have been underpaid. If they feel very strongly about it, they could also resign and claim constructive dismissal, if they have two years' service. In addition, if you wrongly make a deduction you will not be able to recover it by any other means, such as by suing the individual.
The rules around making deductions from salary are set out in the Employment Rights Act 1996. These state that employers cannot make any deduction unless:
 1. It is required to by law – for example, to make NI and PAYE deductions
 2. The worker's contract expressly permits it
 3. The worker has agreed to the deduction in writing before it is made.
Any provision in your worker's existing contract must be precisely worded and clearly set out the circumstances in which a deduction can be made. Any ambiguity in the contract terms you are relying on will be interpreted in favour of the worker – not you. For example, a clause that purports to give you the right to deduct "any sums due" is too wide and you will not be able to rely on it. Conversely, a clause, which, for example, allows you to recover losses from your worker if their work mobile phone is lost, stolen or damaged due their neglect is likely to be sufficiently clear to be enforceable.
In addition, the clause would have to be enforceable under ordinary contractual principles before you can rely on it. This means that the amount you are seeking to deduct must relate to the losses you have incurred. If it doesn't, and instead is designed to penalise the worker, you are unlikely to be able to enforce it even if it is "crystal clear".
If your contract does allow you to make the deduction, before you make it you must provide details of the deduction in writing to the worker and any deduction you make must not reduce their hourly wage to less than the appropriate National Minimum Wage.
There are additional restrictions that apply to retail workers. If you are looking to make deductions to recover cash or stock shortages, the maximum deduction you can make is 10% of gross pay.


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Wondering why there was a thick layer of fog over the city this morning and afternoon?
This fog is called advection fog. It forms as a warm, moist air mass settles over the cooler Lake Michigan waters. Hot and humid air (temps in the 90s, dew points in the 70s) just west of Chicago comes over the cool Lake Michigan waters (60s and low 70s) and forms fog. The near-surface air is cooled to the high dew point (in the 70s) and fog forms. Then, the lake breeze transports the fog from the lake back onto land.
The fog is concentrated at very low levels of the atmosphere, with the tops of the taller buildings likely experiencing temperatures in the 90s above the fog layer, because the relatively cool air off of Lake Michigan is quite shallow, the temperature is cooled to the dew point only at near-surface levels. Given the strength of the sun and mixing of higher temperatures just above the ground, the air temperatures even near Lake Michigan should slowly rise above the dew point and the fog will dissipate.
What does that mean? Even if you got a break from the heat from the fog…you will start to warm up again very soon.


For speakers and attendees at MacArthur's 2016 How Housing Matters conference, an overarching question focused on how affordable housing advocates can act on the growing evidence base and increase awareness about the important role housing plays in success in other areas of life. In addition to three case studies on economic mobilityeducation, and health the National Housing Conference released during the conference, this video captures some of the conversation among attendees.
How Housing Matters from Urban Institute on Vimeo.
Housing, How Housing Matters, Housing, United States


The temperature in Taychester is always at least 10 degrees lower than the temperature in Charlesville. However, the...
Sidrah on August 21, 2019
Please explain
Can you please explain why B ic correct? If the temperature in Charlesville drops at night, wouldn't that explain why average residents of Charlesville spends 10 to 20 percent more on winter heating expenses than the average resident of Taychester?
1 Reply
Irina on August 21, 2019
(B) does not help because we are talking about relative temperatures, and the stimulus tells us that "the temperature in T is always at least 10 degrees lower than in C", so even if temperatures in C drop steeply at night, T is still 10 degrees colder than C, so why are C residents paying more for heating than C? Also, night temperatures are irrelevant to winter heating expenses.
Let me know if you have any further questions.


text: The finite-element method (FEM) was applied to analyze the vibration (inherent and the harmonic frequencies) of wine glasses (glass harp) as a musical instrument. FEM analysis for this problem was proven appropriate by confirming the coincidence between the experimental and analyzed inherent frequencies for several glass cups with different shapes. When using wine glasses as musical instruments, minute arrangement of the pitch is necessary. Even today, this is done by filling a certain quantity of water in the wine glasses. This method, however, is very troublesome because each time, just before a performance, a check has to be made to confirm that the correct water quantity had been filled in every vessel. Compounding the problem, the pitch sometimes changes during the performance because of water evaporation. In place of this water-filling method, minute pitch changes have been achieved by locally shaving a bottom part of each vessel. The pitch is found to decrease in proportion to the shaved glass quantity. The relationship between the shaved glass quantity and the changed pitch has been clarified experimentally and analytically through FEM analysis. With this procedure, the desired pitch can be obtained.


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Definition of vigil in English:
- A mourner, fallen asleep in a late-night vigil, awakes the next morning to find that not only are his trousers missing, but the corpse has been stolen as well.
- But when I came and kept vigil in his armchair while he lay on his left ribs, his back rolled around him like an exoskeleton, all night I stared at his books neat in their shelves.
- In the old days families kept vigil and ate little 'Soul' cakes.
- N.O.W. was planning to hold a candlelight vigil outside the jail where Yates is being held.
- The local authorities' campaign headquarters plans to hold protest vigils outside the treasury every few days, each time representing two different municipalities.
- On March 27, about 200 teachers and students from the Wellington and Hutt Valley regions staged a protest vigil outside parliament.
- The Christmas pageant involving the children from Culleens and Kilglass N.S. will take place during the Gospel at the Christmas night vigil Mass in Kilglass Church.
- It is at pains to point out that much of the ceremony took place during the Christmas vigil and on the feast of the Nativity.
- The vigil Mass for Christmas will take place in Rathdowney Church on Christmas Eve at 9pm.
Vigil comes from Latin vigilia 'wakefulness', from vigil 'awake'. It was first used for the night before a religious festival, when people might stay wakeful all night in prayer. Related words include vigilant (Late Middle English); vigilance (late 16th century); and vigilante (mid 19th century) adopted from a Spanish word with the literal meaning 'vigilant'. Surveillance (early 19th century) is from the same root and is literally watching over something, also found when someone invigilates (mid 16th century) an exam.
Words that rhyme with vigilsigil, strigil
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Waterloo Region Record
YELLOWKNIFE — Federal officials are scrambling to clean up a crumbling, abandoned northern gold mine that is in imminent danger of releasing massive amounts of arsenic, asbestos and other toxins.
"It's pretty scary stuff," said Mark Palmer, senior adviser on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development's Giant Mine Project, which describes a proposed cleanup of collapsing, poison-filled buildings and caverns on the shore of Great Slave Lake as an emergency response.
"We are worried they are going to fall down, and if that happens there will be a release."
The Giant Mine just outside Yellowknife was an economic mainstay for 50 years. But its gold was locked within crystals of arsenopyrite, and after the mine finally closed in 2004, about 237,000 tonnes of highly toxic, water-soluble arsenic trioxide remained on the site.
Most of the arsenic was blown back underground, where huge dustpiles of it sit in 15 subterranean chambers, some big enough to swallow an 11-storey building. About 3,600 cubic metres of arsenic and arsenic-contaminated material remain in surface structures — uncontained and, in many cases, exposed to the elements.
A $488-million plan to clean up the site and freeze the underground arsenic in place — Canada's biggest environmental cleanup — is before northern environmental regulators. But engineering reports say the buildings and some of the underground caverns have deteriorated so badly that the cleanup must begin as soon as possible to contain various poisons, which also include mercury, cyanide and PCBs.
"Many of the underground elements are showing signs of failure, including the formation of a sinkhole at the surface," says the department's application for the emergency cleanup.
"There is the potential for significant impacts to the environment and injury to humans through falling cladding, partial building collapse and arsenic and asbestos exposure to humans and wildlife."
Arsenic poisoning starts with headaches, confusion, severe diarrhea and drowsiness. When the poisoning becomes acute, symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, blood in the urine, cramping muscles, hair loss, stomach pain and more convulsions.
Continued poisoning leads to a coma followed by death.
Photographs from the site show piles of arsenic dust lying exposed inside the old flues that used to carry it underground. Those flues are pulling away from the building they were attached to and slowly collapsing as concrete and wood pillars that held them up rot away.
Snow blows freely through derelict walls and roofs onto arsenic-contaminated equipment. Asbestos insulation waves in the wind as it flakes off old pipes and buildings.
Underground, arsenic-stuffed caverns are in danger of falling in from the surface or collapsing into mined-out areas below. The mine's main smokestack is crumbling.
Palmer said the work needs to start this summer before the poison starts escaping.
"We're saying it could happen. It's got to be an unacceptable risk.
"Our main goal is the health and safety of northerners and the people on the site."
He said he hopes regulatory approvals will be in place by June.
The cleanup would be dicey. The worst-contaminated surface building, where arsenic and gold were separated, would have to be sealed off as it was taken apart. Workers would have to wear full hazmat suits and breathe supplied air.
As much of the arsenic as possible would have to be cleaned up and sent underground. Solid waste from buildings would be removed and stored until full remediation began.
Palmer estimates an emergency cleanup would take two summers, by which time a full cleanup plan would likely be through the regulatory process. He was unable to supply a cost estimate, as the project is just going out for bids.
Whatever the cost, it would be borne by taxpayers. Giant was built before northern miners were required to post environmental cleanup bonds — in fact, the mess left at Giant is one of the reasons such legislation was drafted.
The cost of addressing Giant's imminent toxic threat is just the latest addition to the mine's bitter legacy.
Although it once provided a livelihood to generations of Yellowknifers, Giant was also the scene of a violent 1992 labour dispute that saw nine miners murdered in a deliberately set underground explosion.
After that, the failure of owner Royal Oak Mines left a pension fund badly depleted by management's purchase of company stock. Many longtime employees got a fraction of what they were owed.
The widows of the murdered miners were also forced to go through years of civil litigation in an attempt to win a $10-million wrongful death settlement, which eventually failed before the Supreme Court.
Striking miner Roger Warren, convicted of the killings, remains in prison on a life sentence.
The Canadian Press


text:
|Coordinate Reference Systems|
Coordinate systems are used to accurately identify locations on the Earth's surface, and are one of the fundamental building blocks that make modern Geographic Information Systems possible. Many of the links below refer to our 2009 publication, Wisconsin Coordinate Reference Systems. This 119-page publication is a revision of the Wisconsin Coordinate Systems handbook published by the SCO in 1995. The new handbook contains expanded information on coordinate reference systems commonly used in Wisconsin.
|Last Updated on July 30, 2012|


FreeBSD -- IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol routing vulnerability
Affected packages
6.3 <= FreeBSD < 6.3_5
7.0 <= FreeBSD < 7.0_5
VuXML ID 6b8cadce-db0b-11dd-aa56-000bcdf0a03b
Discovery 2008-10-01
Entry 2009-01-05
Modified 2016-08-09
Problem Description
IPv6 routers may allow "on-link" IPv6 nodes to create and update the router's neighbor cache and forwarding information. A malicious IPv6 node sharing a common router but on a different physical segment from another node may be able to spoof Neighbor Discovery messages, allowing it to update router information for the victim node.
An attacker on a different physical network connected to the same IPv6 router as another node could redirect IPv6 traffic intended for that node. This could lead to denial of service or improper access to private network traffic.
Firewall packet filters can be used to filter incoming Neighbor Solicitation messages but may interfere with normal IPv6 operation if not configured carefully.
Reverse path forwarding checks could be used to make gateways, such as routers or firewalls, drop Neighbor Solicitation messages from nodes with unexpected source addresses on a particular interface.
IPv6 router administrators are encouraged to read RFC 3756 for further discussion of Neighbor Discovery security implications.
CVE Name CVE-2008-2476
FreeBSD Advisory SA-08:10.nd6


getgrent, setgrent, endgrent - get group file entry
_TAG_
_TAG_
struct group *getgrent(void);
void setgrent(void);
void endgrent(void);
getgrent(), endgrent():
Since glibc 2.22: _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 || _DEFAULT_SOURCE
Glibc 2.21 and earlier _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 || /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
The getgrent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken-out fields of a record in the group database (e.g., the local group file /etc/group, NIS, and LDAP). The first time getgrent() is called, it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive entries.
The setgrent() function rewinds to the beginning of the group database, to allow repeated scans.
The endgrent() function is used to close the group database after all processing has been performed.
The group structure is defined in as follows:
struct group {
 char *gr_name; /* group name */
 char *gr_passwd; /* group password */
 gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */
 to names of group members */
The getgrent() function returns a pointer to a group structure, or NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs.
The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by subsequent calls to getgrent(), getgrgid(3), or getgrnam(3). (Do not pass the returned pointer to free(3).)
The service was temporarily unavailable; try again later. For NSS backends in glibc this indicates a temporary error talking to the backend. The error may correct itself, retrying later is suggested.
A signal was caught; see signal(7).
I/O error.
A necessary input file cannot be found. For NSS backends in glibc this indicates the backend is not correctly configured.
Insufficient memory to allocate group structure.
Insufficient buffer space supplied.
local group database file
Interface Attribute Value
getgrent() Thread safety MT-Unsafe race:grent
race:grentbuf locale
setgrent(), endgrent() Thread safety MT-Unsafe race:grent locale
In the above table, grent in race:grent signifies that if any of the functions setgrent(), getgrent(), or endgrent() are used in parallel in different threads of a program, then data races could occur.
fgetgrent(3), getgrent_r(3), getgrgid(3), getgrnam(3), getgrouplist(3), putgrent(3), group(5)


AdobeStock 79930937 3
The PMCT accreditation process has been designed to obtain information about health service performance of the intern training program against explicit standards and criteria, to achieve the following objectives:
 1. Interns achieve a high standard of general clinical education and training; and
 2. The best possible environment exists for the organisation, supervision, education and training of interns.
 Accreditation is awarded to a health service for:
 1. The overall health service intern training program; and
 2. Individual intern terms
The objective of the accreditation process is to ensure that the training health service complies with the following seven standards:
 1. Health service culture and support for interns
 2. Orientation
 3. Education and training program
 4. Supervision
 5. Feedback and assessment
 6. Program evaluation
 7. Facilities and amenities
The standards have been developed with reference to the following documents:
 - Prevocational Medical Accreditation Framework for the Education and Training of Prevocational Doctors (CPMEC, 2009); National Intern Training Accreditation Framework (AMC 2014); and Registration Standard: Granting registration as a medical practitioner to Australian and New Zealand graduates on completion of intern training (MBA, 2012).
 - The AMC and the Medical Board of Australia have approved on 14 December 2016 revisions to the intern standards and domains and this can be found at
The PMCT Accreditation Guidelines (PDF-395KB) outline the process for intern training programs in Tasmania.


Step 7: What is a parabola and how do I make one?
The definition of a parabolic curve is "a line equidistant between a point and a straight line." Go to a large table top and make a large sheet of paper from small pieces of paper. Newsprint works if you are using a felt tip marker. Make it a color like red or green so it stands out from the printing on the newspaper. Draw a straight line across the bottom. At its center make a line perpendicular to the straight base line. At about 14 inches (35.5 cm) mark the focal point. The distance from the base line to the focal point is completely your choice, but it affects the size of the reflector you make. Mark a point midway between the base line and the focal point. This is the first point you have plotted on your parabolic curve.
The "B" lines are always perpendicular to the base line. The "A" lines change their angle in order to connect with the "B" lines. Use two yardsticks and a square. Plot points where the yardsticks cross over one another while the measurement shown on each yardstick is the same. The more points you plot, the more accurate your parabolic curve will be. If you are careful, you can plot only the left half of the curve and then flip it over to copy it onto the right half of the paper.
The end result is that any signal (TV, radio, sound, light) coming to the parabolic curve in parallel rays will be gathered in strength at the focal point and amplified because they are concentrated.
Might be get professionally designed and produced antenna with reasonable pricego and get it _URL_ are excellent and good service
How this antenna can be 300 ohm? It looks like a simple dipole with ~75 ohm impedance, not a folded dipole with 300 ohm impedance.And if you need 300 ohm cable and you don't have 300 ohm twin lead, you can try using an Ethernet cable connecting 3 out of 4 pairs in series (each pair has 100 ohm of impedance).
 Built this and it works great. I have built a few smaller antennas and this one has worked the best so far. I want a small antenna that I can just put behind the TV out of sight. All the other antenna I tried had drop outs. This one does not so far but maybe weather has something to do with it? Did not bother with the little converter. Just stripped the wire put the copper wire on one side and the twisted mesh on the other. Maybe it would be better if I used the converter? Don't know. The tower is across the lake from me and I will never get more than the one channel so as there is no other tower within 200 miles of me with other stations so nothing fancy was required.
I am glad it is working for you. Thank you for the report. If the broadcast tower is that near to you, you might be able to receive a useful signal on the proverbial gold tooth in your mouth. Seriously, proximity does cause a signal to flood a device and expands reception possibilities.
 if i can find one of those little dodads i want to try it to see if it makes any difference although since digital is an either or proposition it will be hard to tell without some type of meter.
 another question.. why can I not just cut the coax and connect the copper wire to one side, twist the braid and connect it to the other? Do I need the flat cable and converter? Why not just skip that part altogether?
Two words: impedance matching. Impedance is a type of resistance that factors in changes due to the frequency of the current in the signal. TVs with a coaxial cable input require an antenna matched to 75 ohms impedance. An antenna such as I described has an impedance of 300 ohms. Coaxial cable is matched to 75 ohms. Flat twin lead is matched to 300 ohms of impedance. And, you need a 300 to 75 ohm impedance matching transformer. Without matching the impedance in all of the ways I described will result in no signal or a very distorted signal, probably no signal.
 I understand that part but why would the aluminum strips have an impedance of 300 ohms? It is just 2 metal strips. As long as I make a solid connect to the strips why does it matter? The antenna I use now is just copper wire bent into shape with a connect to my TV using marettes. I get dropouts. The exact same drop outs I got when I tried using a commercial rabbit ears type of setup with coax cable connections. I used to have boxes of those connectors around.. can't find any now.
TV signal reception is full of anomalies, whether analog or digital. I remember that we got one particular local channel just fine, but someone half of a block away could not get it at all. Impedance is strange. A small coil of wire may have almost no resistance to a DC current, but feed a radio frequency current into it and the effective resistance soars. As for why a simple antenna is 300 Ohms, I remember simple UHF bow tie antennae for older analog TVs. They were always treated as 300 Ohm antennae and used 300 Ohm twin lead. The antenna I made essentially duplicates a old UHF bow tie antenna. I expect a TV engineer from the early days of TV could explain the answer.
 I have an old satellite dish that I am going to reaim towards the tower to see if I can get a good signal. if I do that do I have the aluminum face the dish or face the tower? I am assuming it should face the dish.
The dish is a parabolic curve and will focus the incoming signal in a way that greatly amplifies the signal strength. But, you will need to have the dish accurately pointed at the signal source. And, you will need the blades of the antenna located as near as possible to the focal point of the dish. I hope I have understood your question. I am not completely sure what you mean by the aluminum. I assume you mean the two blades or dog ears of the antenna. The signal will go to the dish and be reflected to a focal point near the dog ears.
I doubt the will. The antenna elements are usually an inch or more wide.
what do you mean by 300 ohm wire, that the resistance of the wire is 300 ohms? or is it a wire rating of some kind?
Cables for connecting an antenna or other signal device (DVD player, etc.) to a television have an impedance given in ohms. Impedance is a form of resistance to the flow of current and is different from simple resistance in that it involves circuits in which coils of wire (inductances) or capacitors interact with currents at various frequencies. As the frequency of the current changes in these circuits, so does the resistance to its flow. A coil of wire may present only a couple of ohms of resistance to a straight DC current, but apply a current at radio frequency and that coil presents several hundred ohms of resistance to the high-frequency current. That is why small coils of wire in a radio circuit are called a choke. 300 ohm twin lead is flat TV signal cable that presents 300 ohms of resistance at television signal frequencies. See this article. Coaxial cables more frequently used now for digital signals have an impedance of 75 ohms. A small transformer can convert the signal from 300 ohms to 75 ohms.
300 oms means that twin lead has a characteristic impedance of 300 ohms. Most UHF TV antennas use a folded dipole as the driven element, a folded dipole has a characteristic impedance of 300 ohms that's why twin lead has been used over the years, so there's no impedance mismatched. LOL just dawned on me you are feeding a plain dipole that has a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms with the twin lead. No matter rabbit ears use twin lead, and all works sometimes. that why the term is "characteristic impedance.
thanks, I never knew that and I wire stuff at work all the time, mostly DC though so low ohms readings.
I do not work with these things, but have read bits and pieces about impedance, also known as reactance. In a radio tuning circuit there is an inductance (coil of wire) and a capacitor. One of those is variable by means of a tuning knob. The resistance provided by the inductance reduces or blocks signals. The same is true for the reactance or resistance provided by the capacitor. But, at the selected or desired frequency of the station you want to hear, the reactance from the capacitor has the effect of countering the reactance or inductance from the coil of wire. The result is the frequency you want is allowed to pass relatively freely. I am glad to have been of help.
Don't


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 H.Con.Res.151 — 104th Congress (_PHONE_)
 Recognizing the importance of African-American music to global culture and calling on the people of the United States to study, reflect on, and celebrate African-American music.
 Sponsor: Rep. Fattah, Chaka [D-PA-2] (Introduced 03/12/1996)
 Committees: House - Economic and Educational
 Latest Action: 03/22/1996 Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families. (All Actions)
 This bill has the status Introduced
 Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
 1. Introduced


Villains Wikia
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The City of Bevelle
The city of Bevelle.
~ Yuna about the city of Bevelle.
It seems Bevelle still likes to keep its secrets.
~ Paine about the city of Bevelle.
Bevelle (ベベル, Beberu) is a flying city in Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2. The capital of Spira's dogmatic society, it is initially the home of the Yevon religion as well as their own "holy city" and, later, home of the New Yevon party. Being Yuna's place of birth, it remained her home until the day her father, High Summoner Braska, defeated Sin.
In the English localization, Bevelle is pronounced [bəˈvɛɫ].
One thousand years ago, Bevelle was a technological wonder surpassing even the glories of the city-state of Zanarkand. The escalating hostilities between the city-states culminated in a war and Bevelle held the advantage with its machina weapons. Though it developed the mobile weapon Vegnagun, they could not use it as Vegnagun was unable to tell friend from foe. Zanarkand's leader, Yu Yevon, gathered the Zanarkand survivors and turned them into fayth, using them to conjure a dream world parallel of Zanarkand at the height of its glory.
To shield himself and his creation, Yu Yevon clad himself in armor formed from pyreflies, becoming the creature known as Sin. Sin turned on Zanarkand, decimating it, and though Bevelle had thus won the war, Sin remained in Spira, attacking machina cities. Having made a pact with Yu Yevon's daughter, summoner Yunalesca, to safeguard itself, Bevelle established the Order of Yevon to preach Yu Yevon's teachings while secretly continuing to use machina.
Final Fantasy X
10 years ago when his Al Bhed wife was killed by Sin, Braska resolved to become a summoner. Joined by Auron and Jecht as his guardians, Braska embarked on his pilgrimage to Zanarkand, leaving behind a 7-year-old Yuna in Bevelle. Yuna learned of her father's success and that it had claimed his life. She was found by Kimahri Ronso, who had come to take her to Besaid Island to grow up peacefully as a request from a dying Auron of what the girl's father wanted of her.
A decade later, having become a summoner to begin her own pilgrimage, Yuna is abducted from the Al Bhed Home by the Guado and taken to Bevelle to be married to the unsent Seymour Guado. Though Yuna plotted to use the wedding for a chance to send Seymour to the Farplane, her guardians being held at gunpoint force her to comply. When Seymour orders her guardians executed, Yuna threatens to commit suicide. Yuna falls off the palace top while summoning Valefor to break her fall and take her to Bevelle Temple to gain Bahamut. Once her guardians arrive they are arrested.
Yuna is put on trial for killing Seymour in the Macalania Temple. During the mock trial, Yo Mika reveals he is an unsent like Seymour, and that unchanging continuity and rule by the dead in the spiral of death is what Yevon is about. Yuna and her guardians are imprisoned in the Via Purifico. Finding Lulu, Kimahri, and Auron, Yuna duels against Isaaru in a contest of aeons at the dungeon's exit before they meet up with the rest of her guardians and on the Highbridge. Confronted by Seymour who has killed Wen Kinoc and absorbs his pyreflies to become a fiend, they defeat him and escape into the Macalania Woods.
The party visits Zanarkand Ruins and fell the unsent Yunalesca who had remained in the Zanarkand Dome to grant summoners the Final Aeon at the end of their pilgrimage only for Sin to be reborn. The party returns to Bevelle where Yuna reveals she ended the Final Summoning and, seeing no hope for Spira, Mika departs to the Via Infinito rather than see Sin destroy the world. The party asks Shelinda to spread the word of singing the "Hymn of the Fayth" to pacify Sin, and sets out to fight the beast on their airship, the Fahrenheit. During the assault the weakened Sin falls from the sky and crashes on a part of Bevelle.
Final Fantasy X-2
After Sin had been vanquished for good, Bevelle fell into chaos. The Yevonite priesthood fell in the wake of the revelations of its origins, hypocrisy and lies, and disbanded in the face of the theocratic society's breakdown. During this cultural upheaval a former Yevonite named Trema rejuvenated interest in Spira's history in the form of ancient spheres, and many sphere hunting groups sprung up ready to take on the task. New Yevon party was founded but Trema suddenly disappeared with the discovered spheres with their contents never made public, and the leadership fell to a chairman who attempted to get Yuna marry his son to garner public support. The chairman was forced to relinquish leadership to Baralai as he sought to continue Trema's philosophy of gradual adjustment to the new order of the world.
2 years after the start of the Eternal Calm, Yuna returns to Bevelle with Rikku and Paine. While waiting for an audience with the New Yevon praetor, Yuna proposes they leave, and tells the others about how she turned down an arrangement with the chairman's son. Baralai appears and reveals the chairman and his son were kicked out of the New Yevon party. Depending on whether or not the "awesome sphere" from Kilika is given to New Yevon, the Gullwings will either be accepted by the party or declared enemies.
Later, the Gullwings learn from the Leblanc Syndicate of Vegnagun being hidden beneath Bevelle. The two groups jump into the hole in the Chamber of the Fayth, and discover the Bevelle Underground, a complex filled with machina remaining from the Machina War. They find Vegnagun gone, the machina having responded to Nooj's attempt to destroy it by burrowing into the Farplane.
After Baralai disappears, having ended up being possessed by Shuyin while in a private discussion with Nooj and Gippal in the Bevelle Underground, Bevelle falls into turmoil. Isaaru might leave Zanarkand and try to help the New Yevon party get back on its feet and the Gullwings and Kinderguardians can discover a hidden maze-like dungeon called the Via Infinito.
In 3 months' time, New Yevon, Youth League and Machine Faction discuss dissolving, but New Yevon has difficulty moving forward with the change.
Final Fantasy X -WillBevelle is still the capital of Spira and the home of a new governing body known as the Spiran Council. Baralai, now leader of the council, sends Chuami and Kurgum to Besaid to meet with Yuna. The two meet Tidus at the Bevelle Stadium that is under construction, but Chuami notices he's injured and trying to hide it. Later, Chuami and Kurgum return to Bevelle with Yuna and it is discovered Sin has been revived, possibly beckoned to Spira from the Farplane by someone's wish. Yuna delivers a speech to a crowd in a stadium, possibly the one in Bevelle, proclaiming she will defeat Sin once more.
Musical Themes
In Final Fantasy X, "The Wedding" plays during Yuna and Seymour's wedding scene. "Assault" (襲撃, Shūgeki) plays when Yuna's guardians attempt to save her from marrying Seymour. "Believe" (私は飛べる, Watashi wa Toberu?) plays when Yuna jumps off the ledge and summons Valefor. "Hymn of the Fayth - Bahamut" (祈りの歌~バハムート, Inori no Uta ~ Bahamūto) plays in Bevelle Temple's Chamber of the Fayth. "Moment of Truth" (審判の時, Shinpan no Toki) plays when Yuna stands before the court of Maesters in Bevelle.
In Final Fantasy X-2, the theme that plays in Bevelle is "New Yevon". "Bevelle's Secret" (ベベルの秘密, Beberu no Himitsu) and "Under Bevelle" (アンダーベベル, Andā Beberu) play when the Gullwings are uncovering the secrets of the temple's underground complex. "The Temples" plays in the New Yevon Headquarters and the Cloister of Trials.
 - The top of the temple where the wedding scene takes place, is inspired by Balinese shrine of Indonesia.
 - In Bahamut's Chamber of the Fayth in Final Fantasy X, the main symbol on the back of the wall is the symbol for Valefor and Besaid, rather than the one for Bevelle and Bahamut. As it means "nothing", it may be intentional as both Valefor and Bahamut are non-elemental summons. The symbol on Bahamut's seal means "light", but there


text:
- a partially or mostly burned piece of coal, wood, etc.
- any residue of combustion; ashes.
- Geology.coarse scoriae erupted by volcanoes.
- a live, flameless coal; ember.
- slag1(def 1).
- a mixture of ashes and slag.
- to spread cinders on: The highway department salted and cindered the icy roads.
- Archaic. to reduce to cinders.
- to spread cinders on a surface, as a road or sidewalk: My neighbor began cindering as soon as the first snowflake fell.
Origin of cinder
Examples from the Web for cinderous
A worthy companion portrait to that of cinderous Mr. Toodles, the stoker, familiar to the readers of Dombey.Charles Dickens as a Reader
- a piece of incombustible material left after the combustion of coal, coke, etc; clinker
- a piece of charred material that burns without flames; ember
- Also called: sinter any solid waste from smelting or refining
- (plural) fragments of volcanic lava; scoriae
- (tr) rare to burn to cinders
Word Origin and History for cinderous
Old English sinder "dross of iron, slag," from Proto-Germanic *sendra- "slag" (cf. Old Saxon sinder "slag, dross," Old Norse sindr, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch sinder, Dutch sintel, Old High German sintar, German Sinter), from PIE root *sendhro- "coagulating fluid" (cf. Old Church Slavonic sedra "cinder").
Initial s- changed to c- under influence of unrelated French cendre "ashes," from Latin cinerem (nominative cinis) "ashes," from or related to Greek konis "dust" (see incinerate). The French word also apparently shifted the sense of the English one to "small piece of burnt coal" (16c.). Volcanic cinder cone is recorded from 1849.
Idioms and Phrases with cinderous
see burned to a cinder.


Controlled updates
By default, computers get the latest Sophos product updates automatically. If you prefer, you can control how your computers update.
For example, you can stop updates on all computers during a busy period, or test updates on selected computers before they are rolled out to the rest of the network.
Restriction You can control updates on Windows and Linux devices, but not Macs.
To control updates, go to Settings > Controlled Updates.
You have these options.
 - Pause Updates Now
 - Pause Updates on a Set Date
 - Control Updates Manually
If updates are already controlled, you see a list of computers whose updates are controlled instead of these options.
Note Computers still get automatic security updates to protect them against the latest threats.
You can go back to automatic updating at any time.


text:
School of Prayer Course 2 Daily Prayer Journal
For only $5 you or your students can purchase additional Daily Prayer Journals which corresponds with the School of Prayer Course 2 small group curriculum. Each journal includes:
- 10 dynamic lessons covering a new topic each week.
- Probing questions each day that help you apply God's Word to your own prayer life.
- Extra space to write all that God is teaching you about prayer.


text:
WSE Curriculum and Technology Night
Mrs. Lynn Nestor's first grade class used Flip video cameras to record each other's animal reports. The students worked together to operate the cameras and record their speeches. They also created visual aids to serve as the background.
Mrs. Susan Knight's third grade class used Photo Booth to record their food nutrition projects. First, they created Wordles to serve as the background. The class then wrote scripts to educate each other about different food groups and nutrition.
Mr. Chris Adam's fifth grade class used Keynote to record and symbolize poetry. The students selected their favorite poem to read and found pictures to symbolize the poem as they recited it.
Thanks to our computer technician, Mr. Matt Ritter and our Instructional Coach, Mrs. Jane Brennan, for working with the teachers and students to create such great projects!


text:
may be found in SAM, appendix 3.
Not all subset relations are equally significant. For instance, the statement that the major chord is a subset of the 12-note set, although true, is insignificant, because all sets are subsets of the 12-note set; i.e., the statement is not discriminating. The larger the superset is, the less significant are its subsets. A 3-note subset is more significant if it is a subset of a 4-note set, than it is if it were a subset of an 9-note set. This observation leads to a method for establishing subset significance. It is suggested here that a subset whose cardinality is more than half of the superset is more significant than one that is not. In this way one may make a distinction between significant-subsets (mapping>50%) by labelling them with an S, and a less-significant subset (mapping<=50%) by labelling it with a +.
To determine if one set is contained in another place both in prime form. In some cases, the pins of the smaller set will be the same as those of the larger set and can, thus, reveal the subset relation. But, most of the time this will not be the case.
Figure the intervals between successive pins of both sets. These intervals should, as usual, be considered cyclic. If the div of the smaller set can be aligned with the larger or with successive sums of the larger, then the subset relation applies.
Two sets are in the complement relation when one contains all the pcs that are excluded from the other. For example, a C major scale excludes "black keys". The five black keys are its complement, and vice versa. Thus, a 7-note set has a 5-note complement, a 4-note set has an 8-note complement, etc., where the complement cardinalities always add up to 12.
In the table of sets, sets with complementary cardinalities and the same ordinal number are complements. But, if one has a B ending, the complement does not. Exceptions to this are indicated with a < sign in the table of sets. This sign indicates that the complement has the same name ending.
All hexachords have hexachord complements. Many are there own complements, except for the B ending. Those that are not their own complements identify their complements by the ordinal number that follows two dots in the set name. These dots also identify Z-sets, those that have the same interval vector.
Every set is in the subset relation to its complement except for the complementary couple 7-Z12/5-Z12.
The cardinality of the two sets must add up to 12. Write the pins of the complement of one of the sets and place it in prime form. If this matches the other set, the two sets are complements.
Similarity relations are used to describe the relationships between sets of the same cardinality. These are based upon pc similarity and ic similarity.
Allen Forte describes four basic types of similarity relations, which he designates Rp, Ro, R1, and R2. Rp is determined by pc similarity, and the other three are determined by ic similarity.
Rp, maximum similarity of pc, exists when the two sets of cardinality C have at least one common subset of cardinality C-1, which is the same as saying that there is one unmatched pc.
Forte remarks that Rp by itself is "not especially significant" because it is too common, and leaves it at that. By Forte's Rp criteria, for example, 014 would be just as similar to 047 (major chord) as is 037 (minor chord). And, 014 is just as similar to 037 (minor chord) as is 036 (diminished chord). This does not agree with the way these chords are commonly perceived.
For a revision of Rp that would agree more with our perceived notions of similarity, one could require that the unmatched pc pair be within a semitone of a match. This makes the criteria for maximal similarity more selective, more distinguished, and corresponding more closely to our perceived notions of similarity. This type of similarity could be designated as simply P.
Ro, called "minimum similarity", exists when two set of cardinality C have no corresponding interval vector digits in common.
R1 and R2 are known as maximum similarity of interval class. Such is the case when four out of their six iv digits are equivalent. The remaining two dissimilar digits determine the difference between R1 and R2. If these are the same numbers but switched in position, then the relation is R1. If the two dissimiar digits are simply not equivalent, even if switched, the relation is R2.
1. They must be the same cardinality C.
2. They have four out of six iv digits corresponding and parallel (same position). (R1/R2)
3. They have all but one pc correspondence. (Rp)
Maximal similarity exists when two pc sets of the same cardinality can be mapped to one another, with the exception of one pc in one of the sets. Additionally, the interval vectors of the two sets must have four out of six matches.
These may be called the X relation (Forte's R1) when the unmatched digits are switched and the O relation (Forte's R2) when they are not. (The reasons for changing Forte's symbols become apparent when a single letter is needed on a "Relations Triangle". Additionally, X and O are easier to remember, because they neatly describe their respective relations in the shape of the letters.)
Another type of maximal similarity, called simply the R relation, is more selective, and is based upon a perception model that is statistically determined. By this criteria it is assumed that the perception of the similarity of small sets is easier than is the perception of the similarity of large ones; i.e., the similarity of, say, 9-note sets would be more difficult to perceive than their complements, 3-note sets. Thus, a formula is constructed to simulate this difference in perception. To satisfy R the sets must meet the following criteria:
1. Two pc sets of the same cardinality can be mapped to one another, with the exception of one pc in one of the sets, which must be within a semitone of a match with the unmatched pc of the other set.
2. There must be a minimum of interval correspondence T, where T equals the total number of ics corresponding in the two sets. T must be equal or greater than SC/8, where S is the sum of the ics in the set cardinality (the sum of the digits in the iv), and C is the cardinality.
As an example, compare the following two sets, given in prime form with their interval vectors:
C=6, the cardinality. Comparing the primes, only one pin pair is unmatched (8 and 9), and they are a semitone apart, which satisfies condition 1. Then observing the ivs, the sum (S) of the ics in this cardinality is 15. (This is determined by adding the numbers in either iv. All sets of cardinality C will have the same S.)
To determine T: The number of ics common in each iv position is equal to the smaller number (comparing each pair of digits in the same position), and 132321 is the result. Adding these together gives T, which is 12 in this case.
The number 8 is the cardinality chosen to represent a reasonable limit to the perception of R; i.e., sets having cardinalities greater than 7 cannot have the R relation (although they may have other maximally similar relations).
Since SC/8=11.25 and T=12 is greater, the two sets of our example meet the criteria for the R relation.
Various operations are commonly performed on pc sets. These include rotations (CEG becomes EGC, GCE, ECG, etc.) and registral displacement. These operations have no effect on pc content. That is, they remain invariant under these operations.
Two operations that are commonly performed on pc sets that can alter pc content are (1) transposition and (2) inversion.
Pc sets often maintain some pc invariance after a transposition. A common example is the whole-tone scale, 02468A, or 6-35*. When this set is transposed by 2 semitones all of its pcs are held invariant. This would, of course, have important compositional consequences. It would be important, then, to know when pcs are held invariant under the operation of transposition. We can determine this by examining the iv of a pc set. 6-35* has an iv of 060603. The number that appears in each position indicates the number of pcs held invariant when transposed by its respective ic. Thus, the 6 that appears in ic position 2 reveals that when this set is transposed by 2 semitones (t2), 6 pcs (all) are held invariant. Since this is an ic transposition it may be either up or down, i.e., t2 or t10. A zero in the first position reveals that when this set is transposed by 1 semitone no pcs are held constant (also true for t11). The same is true of t3 and t9. There is a 6 in the ic4 position, meaning that at t4 or t8, 6 pcs (all) are again held constant. The 3 in the ic6 position, however, may seem puzzling at first. But, recall that 6 is its own inversion; therefore, the number of invariant pcs is double the number in the ic6 position


# Custom commands
It is possible to extend the Fractal CLI tool using custom commands. These allow you to hook into the power of Fractal's API to build bespoke commands to help you with your project workflow.
Custom commands are typically registered in your project settings file using the fractal.cli.command() method. Once registered they can then be called via the command line or programmatically.
# An example custom command
A simple custom command to list all the components in the project, together with their status, is shown below. This would typically be registered in your project settings file.
// fractal.config.js
var config = {
 description: 'Lists components in the project'
function listComponents(args, done){
 const app = this.fractal;
 for (let item of app.components.flatten()) {
 this.log('${item.handle} - ${item.status.label}');
fractal.cli.command('list-components', listComponents, config); // register the command
Once created, the command can be run from within the project directory using the command:
fractal list-components
It can also be called programmatically using the fractal.cli.exec() method:
# Accepting arguments
The first argument passed to the fractal.cli.command() method describes the format that your command should take.
 - Required arguments can be specified by surrounding the name with angle brackets, e.g. .
 - Optional arguments can be specified by surrounding the name with square brackets e.g. [foo].
For example:
fractal.cli.command('foo [optionalArg] [anotherOptionalArg]', function(args, done){
The values for the arguments supplied when the command is run will be made available to the callback function within the firs args object.
# Accepting options
You can specify available options by adding them to the config object that can be provided as the third argument when registering a command:
var config = {
 options: [
 ['-p, --port ', 'The port to use.'],
fractal.cli.command('foo', function(args, done){
 // do something
 console.log('Something was started on port ${args.options.port}');
}, config);


Antanaclasis Definition
What is antanaclasis? Here's a quick and simple definition:
Antanaclasis is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is repeated within a sentence, but the word or phrase means something different each time it appears. A famous example of antanaclasis is Benjamin Franklin's statement that: "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately." In this example, the first time "hang" appears it means "stay" or "stand," while the second time it refers to being "hanged."
Some additional key details about antanaclasis:
 - Antanaclasis derives from the Greek word, "antanáklasis," which literally translates to "reflection."
 - Antanaclasis, with its focus on multiple meanings of the same word or phrase, is a form of pun.
 - Advertisers frequently use antanaclasis to write catchy and persuasive slogans.
Antanaclasis Pronunciation
Here's how to pronounce antanaclasis: ant-an-uh-class-iss
Antanaclasis and Pun
Antanaclasis is a special form of pun. Puns are a broader category into which antanaclasis fits, for two reasons:
 - Structure: Antanaclasis has to occur within a single sentence and involve the repetition of a word or phrase. Puns don't require either. For instance, take the joke "Why don't you ever get hungry at the beach? Because of the sand which is there." There's no repetition in this pun on the words "sand which is," and it's set up across multiple sentences.
 - Type of pun: Puns can play with the meaning of words in multiple ways. For instance, a pun can be homophonic, meaning they play with the meanings of two words that sound alike (like "sand which is" and "sandwhiches" in the example just above). Puns can also be homographic, meaning they play with the different meanings of words that are spelled the same way. Antanaclasis cannot be homphonic; it is always homographic, as with the different meanings of the word "hang" in Benjamin Franklin's comment.
All this adds up to a simple fact: all examples of antanaclasis are puns, but not all puns are antanaclasis.
Antanaclasis Examples
Antanaclasis can be found in everything from classical literature to contemporary pop culture, from Shakespearean plays to popular song lyrics to advertisements.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Shakespeare
Shakespeare was a great practitioner of antanaclasis. The device appears in a number of his plays, in moments both comic and tragic.
Antanaclasis in Henry V
In Henry V, after England has invaded and defeated France in battle and the play is nearing its end, the comic and rather unscrupulous character of Pistol declares:
To England will I steal, and there I'll steal.
Here Pistol uses two meanings of the word "steal." In the first appearance, he uses the meaning "to sneak away." In the second, he uses the more common meaning of the act of theft.
Antanaclasis in Twelfth Night
In Twelfth Night, the character of Feste pulls a prank on another character named Malvolio. Feste's prank involves getting dressed up in the robes of a priest to trick Malvolio. As he goes off to do his mischief, Feste says:
Well, I'll put it on, and I will dissemble myself in 't, and I would I were the first that ever dissembled in such a gown.
The first "dissemble" here means to "disguise," while the second means to "lie" or to "act hypocritically." Note how, when the word is repeated, it has a slightly altered form (it's in the past tense rather than the present). That's okay; it still counts as antanaclasis.
Antanaclasis in Othello
Near the end of Othello, a candle burns in Desdemona's bedroom as Othello enters with the intent to kill her because he has been convinced that she has been unfaithful to him. He says:
Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.
Put out the light, and then put out the light.
In this example of antanaclasis, the first "light" refers to the candle, while the second refers to Desdemona's life. It's worth noting that this example of antanaclasis is a slightly less straightforward than most others. That's because in this example Othello uses a literal meaning for "light" in its first appearance, but he uses "light" figuratively in its second appearance. If you look up "light" in the dictionary, you won't find any definition according to which it means "life." Rather, Othello's use of "light" to mean "life" is metaphorical.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Song Lyrics
The witty repetition that takes place in antanaclasis can give power to a memorable chorus or refrain. Here are a couple of examples of antanaclasis in popular music.
Antanaclasis in "Where the Green Grass Grows" by Tim McGraw
In this song, Tim McGraw includes a lyric that uses "bars" to refer to a place where you buy a drink, and to protective rails that block access:
And there's bars on the corners and bars on my heart
Antanaclasis in "Sir Duke" by Stevie Wonder
In this song, Stevie Wonder makes it clear that while anyone can make a record, not just anyone can make a good record:
Just because a record has a groove
Don't make it in the groove
The first "groove" refers to the grooves etched into records that the needles of records run through in order to then create sound. The second "groove" refers to making people want to dance.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Advertising
The pun in antanaclasis can produce pithy, witty statements that stick in the mind. It's no wonder, then, that brands often use antanaclasis for taglines. Here are some examples:
 - "Cats like Felix like Felix" — Felix Cat Food, whose mascot is a cat named Felix
 - Translation: Cats that are similar to Felix like this brand of cat food.
 - "The long cigarette that's long on flavor" — Pall Mall Cigarettes
 - Translation: This cigarette is longer than others and has a lot of flavor.
 - "People on the go... go for Coke" — Coca Cola
 - Translation: Busy people buy Coke.
 - "If you don't get it, you don't get it" — The Washington Post
 - Translation: If you don't buy this newspaper, you won't know what's going on.
 - "When you run out, run out to White Hen" — White Hen Pantry
 - Translation: If you run out of something you need, come to our convenience store.
Why Do Writers Use Antanaclasis?
Writers use antanaclasis for a variety of reasons:
 - To spark an ironic play on words or make a joke.
 - To make a slogan, catchphrase, or line more memorable.
 - To create a rhythm through repetition that sticks in the listener's head, much like in a song's chorus.
 - To use the pithiness and wit of antanaclasis to convince others of an argument, especially as a concluding line (as in Ben Franklin's "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately).
 - To contrast and emphasize the two different meanings of the repeated word in a way that can emphasize either comedy or tragedy.
Other Helpful Antanaclasis Resources


text:
An aerial view shows the 1992 lava dome of Bogoslof Island, the summit of a largely submarine stratovolcano located in the Bering Sea 50 km behind the main Aleutian arc. The 1992 lava dome grew to a height of 100 m in July at the northern tip of Bogoslof Island. The island is about 1.5 x 0.6 km wide, and due to its frequent eruptive activity and energetic wave action, has changed shape dramatically since first mapped in the late 1700's.
Type/Process: Lava Dome
Volcanic Status: Historical
Image Number: 053-082
Photographer: Tom Miller (U.S. Geological Survey)
Summit Elevation: 150 meters
Latitude/Longitude: 53.93 N / 168.03 W
Timeframe: Last known eruption 1964 or later


are towards the right direction I think. Thanks. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 2:55
I think the best question is "write a reverse hashcode function" – yelliver Oct 17 '12 at 3:04
Actually any old string will do, any hashcode value will do. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 3:15
add comment
I was wondering if there was a "universal" solution; e.g. some constant string XYZ, such that
 s.hashcode() == (s + XYZ).hashcode()
for any string s. Finding such a string involves solving a fairly complicated equation... which was beyond my rusty mathematical ability. But then it dawned on me that h == 31*h + ch is always true when h and ch are both zero!
Based on that insight, the following method should create a different String with the same hashcode as its argument:
 public String collider(String s) {
 return 0 + s;
If NUL characters are problematic for you, prepending any string whose hashcode is zero would work too... albeit that the colliding strings would be longer than if you used zero.
share|improve this answer
Let me have a try whether the \0 solution will work or not. Thanks. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 4:28
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