announcement***Please note - due to strict working conditions, parcels are currently leaving within 3-5 business days - ALSO our lines have a technical fault this week and they will be back up and running soon***
RETURN TO Bushcraft Articles and Guides
Wild Cooking | Bannock Bread Recipe
Wild Cooking | Bannock Bread Recipe
Coming from the Gaelic bannach, bonnach or bhannag (meaning 'morsel'), Bannock Bread is a simple flatbread that originated in Scotland. There are many opinions on where the word bannock came from however the actual translation means "to panic".
Bannock is not to be confused with Australian Damper though. Bannock refers to any large round article baked or cooked from grain. Damper on the other hand is traditionally baked or cooked from wheat flour and water.
Bannock was taken to North America by the Scottish explorers and traders. This inevitably lead to the indigenous people of the Northern Great Plains adopting bannock into their own cuisine.
There are now an infinite number of variations available on this simple recipe of what is essentially flour and water. Bannock is a great source of carbohydrates, and can compliment stews, meats and many other dishes.
Bannock can be made entirely from foraged natural resources in the wilderness, but only if you are lucky enough to be in a suitable location with the right seeds and roots avaialble.
Seasonal fruits, nuts and maple, birch and also sycamore sap can be used instead of water (or as well as) for binding the ingredients.
Bannock is easy to prepare and so many ingredients can work with it, making it a fun, simple and nourishing food source.
Below is a basic recipe that we have used for years. From this basic recipe you can add whatever you like. Great additions are seasonal fruits or nuts and if you want to pack some tasty additions; dried fruits, chocolate and honey are always a great start!
Bannock Recipe:
 - 3 mugs of flour (any type)
 - 2 mugs of milk powder
 - 1 tsp of baking powder
 - 1 tsp sugar
 - Enough water to make a nice thick dough
 - Anything else you want to add
Once you have a thick dough, you can either break it into patties or fill the bottom of your pot. Put the pot on some good embers and make sure you keep turning the bannock whilst cooking.
Times will vary enormously depending on how hot your fire is and how close your pot is to it. Keep checking for a golden brown colours and a hollow sound when you tap them.
A variation of this recipe (although some would argue is damper), is to twist the dough around a green stick (maybe an inch thick) and cook above the embers or near a fire until golden brown. When it's cooked, allow it to cool. Then remove the stick and you can fill the whole with jam, or a sausage like a hot dog!
There are plenty of variations on basic bannock bread. We would love for you to share your own personal variations on this bushcraft classic!
One controversial suggestion for damper bread - liberally coat the outside with warmed butter blended with Marmite! If it's kept warm, it'll go on with a pastry brush.
Ivan Roulson 19-05-2020 at 22:15
(* Not displayed on site)


text:
Incense Making Workshop
- Duration: 60 Minutes (approx.)
- Location: Awaji City, Hyogo Prefecture
- Product code: EN-HYG-7009-70091
Incense Making Workshop
Let's make your own incense!
Around the 6th century, incense was introduced to Japan along with Buddhism. Why don't you enjoy making incense in Awaji Island, which produces the most incense in Japan? You can choose not only fragrances but also colors and shapes you like, and enjoy your original incense making.
Around the 6th century, incense was introduced into Japan along with Buddhism. Incense also means the art of incense-burning. We can enjoy smelling its natural fragrance produced by burning an aromatic tree, such as 'kyara (aloeswood )', 'jinko (agarwood )'and 'byakudan (sandalwood). At that time when incense was brought into Japan, the purpose of using incense was to purify a human body and drive away something evil, so it had a religious meaning. Later, incense came to be used by ordinary people in their daily life. And nowadays people often use it as part of aromatherapy for the purpose of relaxing themselves and getting rid of their stress.
2. Let's choose the colors!
Today, you can enjoy wonderful fragrances expressing a variety of natural elements such as seasonal flowers and plants, water and air, the sun, and rain.
First, choose the color of incense expressing fragrance! Then, knead the incense with an earthenware mortar. Don't worry as it's easy! Our instructors will show you the process, so just follow their instructions and enjoy the process!
3. Choose whatever fragrance you like, and take the incense out of the mold!
Choose whatever fragrance you like, and then cut out the incense with a mold. You can make flower-shaped incense, a heart-shaped and more as you like.
4. Let's burn the incense.
You can take about 10 pieces of your favorite incenses home. The incense will become solid and be completed in about a week, so please look forward to it.
Light the incense and let thin smoke rise in the air. Put the incense on the plate and enjoy the fragrance. The smoke of incense has relaxing effects, so it would be nice to put it in the entrance and the bathroom.
2738-2, Ei, Awaji City, Hyogo Prefecture _PHONE_
1. Take JR Tokaido Line (Kobe Line) at Kobe station and get off at Sannomiya Station. (about 3 minutes)
2. Take Sannomiya Nishiura Line (Awaji Kotsu highway bus) from Sannomiya station and get
off at Ei bus stop. (It takes about 65 minutes)
3. 2 minutes walk from Ei bus stop.
5 years old and over
Please be dressed casually, because your clothes might get dirty while making incense.
7 to 4 days before the tour date 40% of the tour price
3 to 2 days before the tour date 60% of the tour price
The day before the tour date, On the day of the tour 100% of the tour price
※Right after the online settlement is made, a cancellation fee of 10% will be incurred in case of cancellation.
※The cancellation fee includes handling charges.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Drug war fear and loathing in Mexico provided University of Colorado Denver researchers with some critical new evidence on how fear does severe harm to a nation:
â€¦Previous research on risk preferences has relied on data gathered only after a violent event, and found insecure environments made residents either more risk tolerant or had no effect at all.
But this new study, Impact of Violent Crime on Risk Aversion: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, found the opposite is true. By also using data collected before the rise in crime, it found that fear had a profound effect on the residents, leading them to express more cautious attitudes toward risk. This change has the potential to have a widespread and long-lasting impact on the economy, as risk tolerance is associated with opening a business, investing in education and migrating to greater opportunities. [â€¦]
[Ryan] Brown and his team [VerÃ³nica Montalva, Duncan Thomas and Andrea VelÃ¡squez] found â€¦ an increase of one homicide per 10,000 people increased the likelihood of being in the longitudinal study's most risk-averse category by 5 percent. Uniquely, the researchers provided evidence that this relationship was predominately caused by an increase in feelings of fear. [â€¦]
"We understood why being in an insecure environment would change your risk preferences, but until now, we didn't know the mechanisms behind it," said Brown. â€œThis study allows us to rule out the policy mechanism; that improving access to health care, the economic environment or mental health will make a difference.â€
Instead, we're left with a much more difficult question: How do you fix fear?"
Donald Trump believes he can fix fear by constructing a wall on the US southern borderâ€"giving rise to fears a wall might actually get built.


Propose a Program for the 2018 UUA General Assembly
Purple fountain and trees on pink cityscape background
2018 General Assembly: All Are Called
June 20-24, Kansas City, Missouri
Grounded in a deep belief that we are all prophets, Unitarian Universalists ask, "How can we faithfully meet the demands of our time?" The call to witness and act for justice in our society and in the world is clear. So, too, is the call to examine our structures and practices, dismantling and transforming those which fail to recognize the full humanity of all people and to honor the interdependent web of life. Join us in Kansas City as we dive deeply into questions of mission for our Unitarian Universalist Association, for our congregations and communities, and for each of us as individuals. Together, we'll ask:
 - Who and how are we called to be at this time, individually and collectively?
 - How are we called to act and to live?
 - How does our Unitarian Universalist legacy strengthen us in living out our mission or challenge the fulfillment of our call?
The call of our faith has a place for each of us. Join us in Kansas City to build courageous, collective leadership with tools, skills and connections.
Proposing Programs for General Assembly
The proposal deadline is Wednesday, Nov 1, 2017 at 3 PM EDT. Find detailed information about proposing a program for General Assembly. Complete and submit the program proposal form by Wednesday, November 1 at 3:00 p.m. EDT.
Program selection will be guided by these questions:
 1. Who and how are we called to be in this time? How can we grow healthy, vibrant leader-full congregations, grounded in mission and willing to take faithful risks to more fully live into our calling? How can leadership in the areas of religious education, stewardship, governance, membership and others nurture and support mission focus in congregations? Programs which emphasize concrete skills for congregational and community leadership are especially needed.
 2. How are we called to act in response to the challenges of our time? What capacities do we need to strengthen and hone? What skills and approaches will help us better partner with others, accepting direction from those most directly impacted by systems of oppression and injustice? How do we nurture spiritual resilience for the long haul?
 3. What can we mine from our Unitarian Universalist legacy, theology, history, and tradition that will strengthen and sustain us in living out our mission? What guidance can we lift up from contemporary Unitarian Universalists whose identities and perspectives have not historically been at the center of our faith? In what ways does our legacy present challenges and impediments to answering our calland what shall we do to address them?
Leave a Reply


text:
The proof includes a correctness result for the construction and evaluation of garbled circuits. This is particularly interesting since checking such an implementation by hand would be very tedious and error-prone. Although we stick to the secure two-party-computation of an n-bit AND in this paper, our approach is modular, and we explain how our techniques can be applied to other functions.
To prove the security of the protocol for an honest-but-curious sender and an honest receiver, we use the framework presented by Kuesters et al. for the cryptographic verification of Java programs. As part of our work, we add oblivious transfer to the set of cryptographic primitives supported by the framework. This is a general contribution beyond our results for concrete Java code.Category / Keywords: implementation / cryptographic protocols, interactive theorem-proving, implementation-level analysis, simulation-based security Date: received 12 Aug 2014 Contact author: florian boehl at kit edu Available format(s): PDF | BibTeX Citation Version: 20140813:234846 (All versions of this report) Discussion forum: Show discussion | Start new discussion


text:
On Linux I have some generated C++ code from a static library that defines a global variable. A single instance of this global variable is shared between two shared libraries that refer to its symbol.
When the process shuts down and the static termination phase is run, I see that the destructor on this shared instance is run twice! Presumably once per library as each unloads.
This question is closely related to another I saw recently here: related question. This sounds like the same behavior, but there is no discussion about why it is happening.
Does anybody know the theoretical explanation behind this behavior?


text:
If the fake eyelashes you want are seamless, these items are essential!
Eyelash curler, mascara, false eyelashes adhesive, tweezers, eyeliner, perm eyelashes and false eyelashes. The first step in the seamless false eyelash bonding method is to start with mascara at the bottom of the eyelashes, cut your eyelashes, and lightly, otherwise
It is easy to pinch the right angle and the eyelashes will appear stiff. In order to maintain the curling of the eyelashes, the first time you use mascara to shape, pay attention to the dose, to avoid lameness.
Seamless False Eyelash Bonding Step 2: Trimming false eyelashes and trimming their length to the length that best suits their eyes is a rule to ensure that the effect is natural.
Seamless false eyelashes bonding step 3: In order to ensure the matching degree of false eyelashes, it is recommended that you gently bend the false eyelashes twice to create a certain arc shape, which makes it easier to apply false eyelashes. After applying false eyelash glue on the false eyelash stick,
Attach it to the root of the real eyelashes and fine tune its position with tweezers.
Seamless false eyelash bonding step 4: True and false combination, the second application of mascara naturally blends true and false eyelashes, and also prevents true and false eyelashes from being divided into two layers.
Seamless false eyelash bonding method Step 5: Draw eyeliner on the inner root of the eyelash to cover the stem of the false eyelash. In order to achieve the effect of the upper and lower eyelashes, remember to brush the mascara under the lower eyelashes.
Seamless false eyelashes bonding Step 6: Where did your eyelashes come from? This effect can be achieved by using perm eyelashes, which can further merge the true and false eyelashes naturally, just like they were born. At last
A layer of eyeliner retouches the eyes, and false eyelashes are born!


text:
Delaware is the first state to have its own yeast. Gov. Jack Markell signed a proclamation giving a yeast named Kloeckera (apiculata) (strain KA 1) this designation, which is an honorary title because the state legislature is not currently in session to vote on the matter.
The yeast is the key ingredient in Delaware Native Ale, or DNA, a new, limited-time ale created by Dogfish Head Brewery that features grown-in-Delaware hops, peach and pear juices and other native ingredients. The light ale was introduced recently at a mid-day gathering at the brewery's pub in Rehoboth Beach.
Tom Evans and Nancy Gregory had every right to feel like proud parents at the event – after all, they isolated the yeast, identified it, and gave it its first home, in laboratories in the University of Delaware's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Evans is a professor of plant pathology in the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. Gregory is a Cooperative Extension associate in that department who works closely with Evans on other research projects. She spends most of her days in UD's Plant Diagnostic Clinic, looking for bad guys — fungal, bacterial and viral diseases that have shown up on a farmer's crops or a homeowner's prized garden plant. After she has identified the pathogen, she and other Extension colleagues usually are able to present solutions for controlling the problem.
But for the Dogfish Head project, Gregory was looking for good guys – yeasts that would make the perfect base for a native Delaware brew. Yeast is the single most important ingredient in beer brewing. As a fungus, it's a living organism that metabolizes, reproduces and lives off ingredients in beer. During the beer's fermentation stage, yeast is responsible for converting sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It also plays a large part in what the beer will ultimately taste like.
There are literally thousands of varieties of yeast in the world, notes Gregory, including wild yeasts. Dogfish already possesses a proprietary, cultivated yeast that it uses for the majority of its beverages, according to Katrinka Housley, a lab technician with Dogfish.
But the brewery wanted a wild yeast, native to Delaware, for the new ale. State Secretary of Agriculture Ed Kee steered Dogfish's brew team to Evans and Gregory for guidance in finding just-the-right yeast.
One day in early August, a team from Dogfish that included Housley, her supervisor, Steven Thompson, and brewery president Sam Calagione, met up with Gregory and Evans at Fifer Orchards, which offered to be the yeast source. Bobby Fifer, a co-owner of the orchards, showed the group around, scoping out good sites. They eventually settled on a few locations to trap yeast, including the packing house, underneath peach trees in the orchard, and near a bunch of hovering fruit flies.
(No worries, Dogfish fans. Fruit fly yeast did not end up in the new ale.)
The group set out about 100 agar plates — petri dishes containing a growth medium to culture microorganisms. They snacked on Fifer doughnuts for about a half hour while the plates trapped yeasts.
Gregory and Evans then grew and isolated numerous wild yeasts over a period of several weeks in "dirty" and "clean" labs at UD. (As the name implies, the clean lab is kept free of contaminants, while things like a leaf with bacteria or a pumpkin with fungi are allowed inside the dirty lab.)
"At that point in the development of a yeast isolate, you're weeding through all the chaff to get to the wheat," notes Evans. "You're looking at microscopic budding cells under a microscope, separating yeasts from other fungi and bacteria, or other material."
The UD scientists incorporated their noses into the culling process, too. "Some yeasts smell like bread, some a little fruity and some just plain foul," says Evans. The stinkers were immediately taken out of the running.
A dozen or so promising candidates for the ale were sent to Dogfish in mid-August. Before they were shipped, Gregory identified each isolated, pure yeast strain through several tests, collaborating with colleagues in CANR and at Delaware Biotechnology Institute.
Once Housley and Thompson had the strains of yeasts on hand they had just a few weeks to see which ones performed best in sample brews that were then tasted by Dogfish's 37 trained tasters.
"It was challenging working with wild yeast strains," says Housley. "They are a little more unpredictable than cultivated strains."
The winning yeast, Kloeckera (apiculata) (strain KA 1) originated in a box of peaches that were "seconds" — not quite picture perfect and up to Fifer standards.
"As a land-grant institution, UD is committed to working with Delaware's agricultural producers to improve their profitability," says Evans. "We're involved in education, applied research, and outreach to agricultural operations throughout the state. This project was a new one for us, but it certainly fits with our mission."
And Dogfish was very happy to get the help.
"Tom and Nancy's brain power and wealth of knowledge were invaluable," says Thompson.
Evans plans to incorporate information about finding Kloeckera (apiculata) (strain KA 1) into a class he teaches each fall. The students will even get to see a sample of Delaware's new state yeast, which Gregory has safely stored away in a liquid nitrogen cabinet in the clean lab.
Article by Margo McDonough
Photos by Danielle Quigley and Nancy Gregory

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Backflush a Pool Filter
The D.E. or sand filter on a swimming pool is filled with silica sand or diatomaceous earth. As pool water passes through the filter, the sand, or earth, captures microparticles of dirt as small as five microns. The more dirt the filter captures, the more efficient it becomes. Once the pressure gauge on the filter increases to between eight and 10 pounds per square inch inside the filter, the exchange of water slows, and you must back flush, or backwash the filter to remove accumulated dirt to return the filter to maximum efficiency.
Turn off your pool pump. There should be a power switch near the pool pump outdoors in a weatherproof housing, or in the pool house.
Push the filter handle down on a push-pull valve to move it to the backwash or back flush mode. A push-pull valve sits on top of a vertical PVC pipe connected to the side of the filter. If you have a multiport filter, one that has several filter choices on top of the filter, push down on the multiport valve filter handle and rotate it to the "backwash" position marked on top of the filter.
Turn the power on to your pool pump. Observe the water as it expels from the waste line for a filter with a push-pull valve, or watch the water inside the site-glass connected to the side of a multiport filter. When the water becomes clear, after about two minutes, turn off the power to the pump.
Pull up the push-pull valve to return to the filtering mode. On a multiport filter, push down on the valve handle and rotate it to the "rinse" position.
Turn on the pool pump to allow the multiport filter to rinse the sand or earth. Allow the pump to run for about a minute. Turn off the pump and return the multiport filter to the filter setting.


text:
Rockfish, Blackgill – U.S.
Blackgill Rockfish grow slowly, live for many years and reach sexual maturity at a late age. Although Blackgill Rockfish can be found from Mexico to Canada, most live and are caught in southern and central Californian waters, where they are considered to be moderately abundant.
The most common fishing gears used to capture Blackgill Rockfish are bottom longlines and bottom trawls. Bottom longlines result in moderate damage to bottom habitats, while bottom trawls can cause substantial habitat damage. There is a moderate level of bycatch in these fisheries.
Blackgill Rockfish are managed as part of a complex with other rockfish species.
This species may have high levels of mercury that could pose a health risk to adults and children. More mercury info here.


text:
A Cry and a Demand: Tactical Urbanism and the Right to the City
Alisdairi, Lana K.
MetadataShow full item record
In many cities around the world a growing interest in small-scale urban design interventions is reshaping urban spaces. These actions (often called tactical urbanism) include: guerrilla and community gardening; 'creative space' movements to fill abandoned buildings for a range of purposes; housing and retail cooperatives; pop-up shops; social economies and bartering systems; occupying public spaces with alternative uses, skateboarding; and more. This thesis offers insights on emerging activist roles that designers and urbanists are assuming in an effort to achieve more direct control over urban space. This thesis considers these myriad practices through the context of French philosopher Henri Lefebvre's 'right to the city.' It asks the question: is there a shared politics of the city that serves as a sort of theoretical checklist for these practices? I argue that many of the efforts championed by tactical urbanism can be viewed as liminal additions of rights to the current, liberal-democratic city. However, many critical aspects of the movement give it the potential to move beyond a less radical interpretation of right to the city. This claim is illustrated through an analysis of general tactical urbanism goals and various do-it-yourself interventions taking place in Tacoma, WA.
- Urban planning


text:
Clothes and Heritage: Chinese American Clothes from the Virginia Lee Mead Collection - Introduction
Lee B. Lok (1869 – 1942) immigrated to San Francisco from the Tai shan District, Guangdong Province, China in 1881. Soon after arrival he moved to New York City's Chinatown where he worked in the Quong Yuen Shing & Co. general store. With some English skills he became head of the store in 1894 allowing him to upgrade his identity papers from "coolie" to "merchant." This change in status exempted him from the restrictions imposed by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 which barred the entry of Chinese laborers who had not already been in the United States. This change enabled Lee to marry Ng Shee in China circa 1900 and return to New York. Living above the store at 32 Mott Street, the couple raised seven children.
Mr. Lee behind the counter (in the center) of the Quong Yuen Shing & Co. store, c. 1917
In New York, Lee founded the Chinese Merchants Association, and in 1918 he was recognized as a prominent member of the Chinese community; however U.S. laws prohibited him from becoming an American citizen. His children all attended college becoming teachers, doctors and business people.


text:
Here are some Gufo code that is already working in the current experimental version: this gives an idea of the possibilities.
Sadly, I am not able to show code coloration here…
The factorial function
let $factoriel $c = if ($c!= 1) then ($factoriel ($c - 1)) * $c else 1
Comment: While it looks quite simple, it shows well that Gufo can handle recursive function. Performance regarding recursive function are quite good (better than in python).
The call-ssh function
let $ssh $user $arg = ssh ($user + "@" + $addr)
Comment: Again, this is quite simple but it lets run an interactive command within a function easily. What is returned by the function is a "command result" type which both contain the result code of the command (the returned integer) and for a non-interactive command, the string printed by the command (until a limit of size).
The rename files function
let $replace $from $to = let $allfiles = ls -1 in( $List.iter (fun $afile -> let $newname = echo -n $afile | sed ("s/"+$from+"/"+$to+"/g") in( if ($newname.Cmd.print == $afile) then (echo ($afile + ": already ok")) else(mv $afile $newname.Cmd.print) )) ($String.asList $allfiles.Cmd.print) )
Comment: Finally a full function: it gets the names of the files in the current directory, iterate on them and if part of their names includes the string contained in $from, it replaces it by the string contained in $to.


Segmenting the ring region around the nucleus
I'm measuring the ratio of NF-kB intensity in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but would like to use the 'ring region' (around the nucleus) for the cytoplasm measure.
Currently, my pipeline is as follows:
 - IdentifyPrimaryObjects - segment nuclei using Hoechst stain
 - ExpandOrShrinkObjects - expand nuclei by 4px
 - IdentifyTertiaryObjects - subtract the nucleus region from the expanded region to obtain the ring region
The Problem
 - I would like to constrain the ring region within the boundaries of the cytoplasm. I am able to segment the cytoplasm but unsure how to crop the ring region/expand the nucleus region within the cytoplasm boundaries.
 - Note I am already able to calculate a nucleus to whole cytoplasm ratio but have found better readings in other image analysis software in using the ring region, due to large differences in cytoplasm shape between and within lines.
I very much appreciate any suggestions as I am new to Cell Profiler and keen to use it a lot more from now on! Thank you
Hi _USER_,
If you have the option to get your hands on a ZEN blue software, you can do exactly this by using the so-called Zone-of-Influence Segmenter.
 - select a segmenter to detect your primary object, e.g. the nucleus (use thresholds or machine-learning for this)
 - define the ZOI (yellow)
 - define the ring size and location
 - define what objects (and sub-objects) you want to detect inside the blue ring using thresholding or machine-learning segmentation
Two Video Tutorials can be found here:
 1. Image Analysis: Other Segmentation Methods 2: ZOI and a Complete Walk Through Example
 2. Zone of Influence Analysis
Sebi (from ZEISS)
1 Like
Hi _USER_,
Thank you very much for your response and for explaining how to do this in Zen blue. I'm currently able to do this analysis in Columbus (PerkinElmer) software but have switched to CellProfiler as I'm keen to use free open-source software. However, I'll happily take a look at Zen lite for the moment and hope to try out the full version if I ever have access to it! The ZOI tool seems very useful.
Hi _USER_,
Sure. CellProfiler is a very powerful tool, which can achieve the same.
Hi _USER_,
Your current pipeline approach is almost fine, but few changes is required to achieve your target as follows,
 1. Once you expand your nuclei, then use "Mask objects" to mask the expanded nuclei using segmented nuclei (Refer the attached screenshot). This would give you the ring.
 2. In the tertiary object module, get the cytoplamic region by subtracting the nucleus region from the cell boundary (hope you could do this by Identifysecondaryobject module)
 3. In the Measurement module use the ring object to measure intensity from the cytoplasmic channel.
Hope this helps. If not, please attach your pipeline with a sample image so that we could help you better.
1 Like
Hi _USER_
Thank you very much for your very helpful answer. I'm sorry I don't understand fully how masking the expanded nuclei provides the ring region, and then I'm not sure whether step 2 in your answer is related to step 3.
I've attached sample images that I'm using. I segment the nuclei using the 'DNA binary' image and segment the cells using the 'Actin' image - which is not ideal for cell segmentation but is what I'm using in my experiment.
Actin.tif (3.4 MB) DNA binary.tif (1.7 MB) DNA.tif (3.4 MB) NFkB.tif (3.4 MB)
NFkB ratio.cpproj (918.7 KB)
Hi _USER_,
When I did similar measurements, I just simply used IdentifyTertiaryObjects. In your case, you need to add 2 more steps:
 1. subtracting cytoplasm from the ring region will give you the part of the ring outside the cell boundaries;
 2. Now, you can subtract the object obtained in (1) from the ring. Thus you will cut away everything outside the cell boundaries and get the desired constrained ring objects.
Good luck!
1 Like
Hi _USER_,
I checked your pipeline with the images. There are few changes required,
 1. To segment Nuclei, you could use your DNA image itself (using IdentifyPrimaryObject module), but if you are using binary image, you could use the module "Threshold" instead of Primaryobject module since that might work better.
 2. To expand segmented nuclei, you could use "ExpandShrinkObject" module, no need of "IdentifySecondaryObject" module. [In the pipeline I have used 4px to expand since you had mentioned so in the earlier description)
 3. This is followed Mask object (as I had mentioned before). In case you notice my earlier screenshot, I have invert the mask just to have only the expanded portion of the nuclei (i.e.your ring region)
 4. To get your cytoplam, you can use "IdentifyTertiary object" module
 5. To measure the intensity you can use MaskedNuclei i.e.ring region object to measure from your preferred channel i.e. either Actin or GFP in this case.
 PFA pipeline.
Just to show you, I have added the "OverlayOutlines" module & here is the screenshot.
NFkB ratio_LB.cpproj (788.1 KB)
Hope this helps
1 Like
Hi _USER_,
Thank you for explaining again and for improving on my pipeline with my images. As you noticed, I didn't see the mask inversion from your original post. The pipeline you sent works very well.
Kind regards,
Hi Oleg, Thank you for a very nice solution. I can apply this logic to other segmentations I'm trying also.
1 Like


text:
- The superstructure of a submarine, from which it can be commanded when on the surface and which contains the periscope.More example sentences
- As you descend, your first sight of the submarine will be a selection of masts and periscopes rising from the conning tower.
- The introduction of a proper conning tower meant that the periscope could be kept in an upright position where it could be raised and lowered by the use of compressed air.
- There was the conning tower with the periscope easily identifiable inside; there were the access hatches.
More definitions of conning towerDefinition of conning tower in:
- The US English dictionary


High School Musical
star goldstar goldstar goldstar goldstar gold greyFemaleMale
10 Questions - Developed by: - Updated on: - Developed on: - 4,305 taken - User Rating: 4.5 of 5 - 34 votes
How much do you know about the first High School Musical movie?
 - 1
 What is the school's mascot?
 - 2
 What song do Gabriella and Troy sing at the beginning of the movie?
 - 3
 What kind of party do Troy and Gabriella meet for the first time?
 - 4
 Which two characters in the movie are related to each other and how are they related?
 - 5
 What is the name of the school where the movie takes place?
 - 6
 What type of object does Mrs. Darbus hate going off during her class?
 - 7
 What sport is the movie based on?
 - 8
 What song do Gabriella and Troy sing for call backs?
 - 9
 What song do Sharpay and Ryan sing for the plays auditions?
 - 10
 What song does the cast sing at the end?
Comments (0)


Return to Profitability Reduce CoGS and Increase Margins with Menu Engineering and AvT Analysis
Complete the form to view this on-demand webinar
Tracking actual vs. theoretical (AvT) food costs helps you identify and correct waste, errors, over-portioning and theft. Menu engineering helps maximize profitability by promoting your most profitable menu items and encouraging customers to buy what you want them to buy. Using these two key complementary approaches to optimize menus and simultaneously evaluate food cost, you can reduce food costs and sell more of your high margin items. During this on-demand webinar you will learn:
 - Menu engineering not only helps you understand the profit on individual menu items, but also analyzes how these individual pieces interact and affect profitability on the menu as a whole. This is a "top-down" approach that focuses on increasing revenue.
 - Actual versus Theoretical variances track the difference between what you spend on food and beverages vs. what you should have spent. This is a "bottom-up" approach that helps control costs.


text:
In addition to an unprecedented 600 Mb/s physical data rate in upcoming standards with greater than 1 Gb/s being considered for future systems, 802.11 has evolved from its earlier incarnations to become a ubiquitous, high-throughput wireless access technology utilized in heterogeneous networks. Although capable of advanced QoS provisioning, commercial 802.11 implementations often support only a subset of QoS specifications, utilize manufacturer-specific QoS enhancements, or use sub-optimal MAC reference specifications with limited capability in achieving optimal system throughput and QoS provisioning. Although more efficient ARQ modes have been defined in the 802.11e and imminent 802.11n amendment standards, opportunities exist within this framework for further optimization through dynamic adaptation of key ARQ-related parameters, which is out of scope of current 802.11 standard specifications. Considering such opportunities, this article presents a novel adaptive ARQ scheme designed to improve the quality and reliability of multimedia transmission through the real-time adaptation of the maximum packet burst size and actual ARQ mode employed. Comprehensive simulation studies show that this scheme can potentially improve the QoS and throughput performance of multimedia traffic in both existing and future 802.11 wireless LANs.
Computer Communications Vol. 32, Issue 11, p. _PHONE_


text:
Introducing the flashing yellow left-turn arrow traffic signalsThe flashing yellow left-turn arrow signal is a new traffic management tool aimed at keeping traffic moving, increasing safety and reducing fuel consumption.
You may have already noticed some of the new signals at intersections of Iowa's roads and streets. The new signal features a flashing yellow left-turn arrow, in addition to a red, green and steady yellow arrow.
The flashing yellow arrow replaces the circular green signal used in the traditional left-turn signal configuration to indicate the need for left-turning vehicles to yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
Where are they being used?The Federal Highway Administration has adopted the flashing yellow arrow as a national standard for permissive left-turn operations. Several such signals have already been installed in Iowa. Others will be installed by the Iowa Department of Transportation and local jurisdictions throughout Iowa as agencies upgrade their traffic signals or make improvements at intersections.
The flashing yellow arrow may be used at any intersection at any time, but the most typical use will be at intersections and time-of-day that have lower traffic volumes, lower traffic speeds and other favorable conditions.
Why?The flashing yellow left-turn arrow is intended to:
- Help prevent crashes. A national study demonstrated that drivers found flashing yellow left-turn arrows more understandable than traditional yield-on-green indications.
- Reduce traffic delays. There are more opportunities to make a left turn with the flashing yellow left-turn arrow than with the traditional three-arrow, red, yellow and green indications. This helps reduce delays at intersections, which save time and fuel.
- Provide more traffic management flexibility. The new traffic signals provide traffic engineers with more options to handle variable traffic volumes.
How does a flashing yellow left-turn arrow work?A flashing yellow arrow means left turns are permitted, but you must first yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians, and then proceed with caution. The flashing yellow arrow does not replace the solid yellow arrow and its meaning; it does replace the green "ball" indication as a signal for a yielding left turn.
Drivers should always remember: a flashing yellow arrow means turn with caution. Oncoming traffic has a green light.
Drivers should stop at the intersection and yield to oncoming traffic. If, and when, it is safe, make your left turn and proceed through the intersection. When the available time for the flashing yellow arrow ends, the solid yellow left-turn arrow begins. The solid yellow retains it standard meaning – the left turn signal is about to go to red, so you must prepare to stop or complete your left turn if already in the intersection.
How should drivers approach a flashing yellow left-turn signal?
Here's what the new signals look like and mean.The flashing yellow arrow traffic signals consist of four arrow lights that are used exclusively for left-turning traffic. The arrow traffic signals are separate from the traffic signals containing the circular "ball" lights for through traffic.
Steady red arrow: Drivers turning left must stop and wait.
Steady yellow arrow: The left-turn signal is about to turn red. Do not enter the intersection if you can stop safely. Complete your left turn if you are already within the intersection
Flashing yellow arrow: Yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians; then turn left proceeding with caution. Oncoming traffic has a green light.
Steady green arrow: Drivers can proceed with the left turn. Oncoming traffic must stop. Do not go straight.


text:
Curved shear wall design, United Kingdom
The design of such elements usually involves a lot of assumptions, engineering judgment, and a combination of hand calculations with dedicated software that would still not provide complete insight and code compliance. With IDEA StatiCa RCS, you can have a complete solution and design easily any cross-section with extensive code checks.
Preparing the model
The customer has modeled & analyzed this project in SCIA Engineer, and although the curved walls do not pose a problem from a modeling perspective, in terms of design it is not as straightforward as it would be with typical 1D & 2D members. In this situation, it is necessary to use an integration strip (which essentially integrates 2D stress components and produces equivalent 1D member ones). This allows the designer to comply with the checks of the relevant code provisions.
After the analysis in SCIA Engineer, the results are presented in a tabulated format and can be directly exported to Excel or other software. In the image below, the critical components (in bold font), their locations and their combination are presented. Designing against multiple combinations is important as the section forces are not maximized simultaneously, allowing a more accurate, safe and economical solution to the problem. Moreover, when Serviceability checks are involved, it is very important to classify theses combinations as such to perform the relevant checks.
Top view with designed wall
Design process with IDEA StatiCa RCS
After exporting the results, we are moving to IDEA StatiCa RCS and recreate the curved cross-section geometry. To save time, we can simply import the geometry of the curved wall through a DFX file. Then, with the reinforcement tools of RCS, all rebars are placed in their exact location.
The effective cross-section for biaxial shear
The next step is to import the section forces via a simple copy/paste procedure from the related table in SCIA Engineer. In this particular case, the ULS forces are imported, but, as can be seen in the table, there are multiple tabs allowing the definition of Accidental and other load combinations (Characteristic and Quasi-Static).
Combinations of load
Finally, the user can choose the checks that need to be conducted, from a multitude of options covering even specialist cases (prestressed members, bridge-related, container vessels, fire resistance, and fatigue). Once this is done, the user can examine a summary of the results for the chosen checks in the form of tables and failure modes and modify their appearance. Obviously, the user can export and present the results as documents with the press of a button.


text:
Skeletal Modelling System
A skeletal modelling system is a mesh that sits inside the main model mesh. It consists of invisible elements only? straight line?bones? connected by vertexes at either end. Where any vertex joins two or more bone lines, that vertex is assigned a scope of movement, dictating how it can bend the lines? through which degrees and to what limits. Typically, only one skeletal mesh is required for any number of models with similar constraints.
Below, we offer a selection of links from our resource databases which may match this term.
Related Dictionary Entries for Skeletal Modelling System:
Resources in our database matching the Term Skeletal Modelling System:
A new modelling system, VideoTrace; the result of a collaboration between The Australian Centre for Visual Technologies at the University of Adelaide, and The Oxford Brookes Computer Vision Group, is capable of taking the output of any handheld digital camcorder, and turn it into a 3D model.
One of the most important aspects when working with any skeletal system, is the joint where bones connect. If you don't get this area right, then bone will grind against prosthesis, and the bone is likely to take critical damage first. You inflame a joint, that did not have a problem in the first place, and spread further complications throughout the body.
Not a platform or modelling software specific book, Modelling Digital Dinosaurs is Ken?s first book, and it takes you through the basics of creating 3D representations of something which has fascinated and captivated for centuries? dinosaurs. The book does this in a patient, kind, step by step manner, demonstrating techniques which really aid the beginning to intermediate modeller. Contains a free copy of Amapi version 1.5 on the CD in case the reader does not have a 3D modeller.
We are so caught up in our desire for ever greater realism and ever greater accuracy when using VR and modelling tools to render the human body for diagnosis in whole or in part, that we often forget the benefits of simplicity. HemoVis, a medical VR tool for assessing weak points in the coronary system, achieves far better results with a 2D system than 3D with all the bells and whistles used more commonly in diagnosis.
Recreating utterly realistic, and believable humanoid avatars has been a goal of graphic design and modelling since time immemorial. We take a look at the limit of the real-time capabilities of the Nvidia 8800, as to progression made, to date.
The proceedings of the second Modelling and Simulation conference IASTED (International Association of Science and TEchnology for Development) ran, back in 2002. This inch and a half thick paperback tome contains a 115 full papers from experts around the world.
The proceedings of the first Modelling and Simulation conference IASTED (International Association of Science and TEchnology for Development) ran, back in 2002. This inch thick paperback tome contains a myriad of papers from experts around the world.
Industry News containing the Term Skeletal Modelling System:
Results by page
Neural-like Stem Cells from Muscle Tissue May Hold Key to Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Scientists at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center have taken the first steps to create neural-like stem cells from muscle tissue in animals. Details of the work are published in two complementary studies published in the September online iss...
What will happen when the world's most popular art museums become just too overcrowded for a viewer to get a decent look at an artwork, let alone enjoy the luxury of slow, uninterrupted contemplation?
With the rapidly improv...
July 6? 8, 2009
Banff, Alberta, Canada
The 20th IASTED International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (MS 2009) will be a major forum for international researchers and practitioners interested in all areas of mo...
Industrial design modelling, used to make prototypes of home appliances or mock-ups of car parts, could soon make the leap from the world of plaster, plastic and sticky tape into the digital domain thanks to an augmented reality design syst...
Modelling the fabrication processes for integrated circuits can slash production development time and costs by up to 40%. But as transistors, already at nano-scales, become ever smaller, researchers are modelling new worlds.


text:
How to configure the HomeShield Reward feature on a TP-Link Router/Deco
You can add extra online time as a reward for your kid's good behavior. This feature is for HomeShield Pro users only.
Before you start:
- You should have a TP-Link HomeShield router and have an iOS device running iOS 9 or later, or an Android device running Android 4.2 or later.
- You have downloaded and installed the TP-Link Tether app/TP-Link Deco app on your device.
Follow the steps below to set up this feature:
Note: In this article, we will take the Deco app as an example to illustrate the configuration.
1. Open the Deco app. Swipe right to open the menu and select HomeShield Pro.
2. Select the desired network to apply HomeShield Pro.
3. Open the Deco app. Go to the Parental Controls tab and select a profile.
4. Tap Adjust and select the allowed time you want to add or subtract for today.
¿Es útil esta pregunta frecuente?
Sus comentarios nos ayudan a mejorar este sitio.


text: Résumé : Biofouling, the adsorption of organisms to a surface, is a major problem today in many areas of our lives. This includes: (i) health, as biofouling on medical device leads to hospital-acquired infections, (ii) water, since the accumulation of organisms on membranes and pipes in desalination systems harms the function of the system, and (iii) energy, due to the heavy load of the organic layer that accumulates on marine vessels and causes a larger consumption of fuel. This paper presents an effective electrochemical approach for generating antifouling and antimicrobial surfaces. Distinct from previously reported antifouling or antimicrobial electrochemical studies, we demonstrate the formation of a hydrogen gas bubble layer through the application of a low-voltage square-waveform pulses to the conductive surface. This electrochemically generated gas bubble layer serves as a separation barrier between the surroundings and the target surface where the adhesion of bacteria can be deterred. Our results indicate that this barrier could effectively reduce the adsorption of bacteria to the surface by 99.5%. We propose that the antimicrobial mechanism correlates with the fundamental of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). HER leads to an arid environment that does not allow the existence of live bacteria. In addition, we show that this drought condition kills the preadhered bacteria on the surface due to water stress. This work serves as the basis for the exploration of future self-sustainable antifouling techniques such as incorporating it with photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions.


text:
- Join The Movement
- Media & More
- About Us
Types of Builds
Millard Fuller used to say that a home is the foundation on which human development occurs. It is also an important, positive step in working on a safer, healthier and more responsible future. Many people struggling to put food on the table, pay bills, purchase school supplies and clothing and maintain transportation to work are not thinking about repairing their homes, even though those homes might be dangerous, literally crumbling around them and their children.
The Fuller Center is an organization devoted to partnership, renewed opportunity and providing a hand up instead of a hand out. The construction and rehabilitation of simple, decent houses are the two basic ways we do this.
The work of The Fuller Center allows the elderly to live out their rest of their days comfortably in their own homes, gives families a fresh start, enables the handicapped to maintain a level of independence in accessible homes and, in some cases, transforms entire neighborhoods.


I've a table (locations) which contains records as given below:
id | lat | lng | radius_in_km
1 | -18.17943 | 83.968051 | 5
2 | 44.5796 | 7.069637 | 10
Now, I've got a point (lat, lng) from Google and I need to fetch the records from locations table if the given lat, lng falls into radius of those rows. Please notice, the radius is dynamic/different for each row so I need to match the records according to their radius with the given point.
I've searched the stackoverflow network but couldn't find anything that works for me, any hints would be fine even not the code.
Keeping lat long like that isn't spatial. You need to make a point
I would store the result of the above on the row, rather than individual lat/long cords. Regardless of what you store on the row, that's what you have to work with. Not storing that on the row will just be slower, as you'll have to calculate it every time.
Next what you want is the Bounding Box test. In MySQL they're designated with an MBR prefix.
FROM table
WHERE ST_Contains(
 ST_Buffer( Point(lng,lat), DISTANCE_IN_DEGREES ),
 Point(google.long, google.lat)
You'll have to calculate DISTANCE_IN_DEGREES yourself. MySQL doesn't have a geography type, so you can't just use a fixed distance like meters, miles, or feet. You have to do the math yourself. This is a lot of work in itself.
ST_Contains doesn't use an index. For that you'll need MBRContains. Or you could just use PostgreSQL, for that it'll look like this,
FROM table
 ST_Buffer( ST_MakePoint(lng,lat)::geography, DISTANCE_IN_METERS ),
 ST_MakePoint(google.long, google.lat)::geography
Not just is that shorter, but from the docs
This function call will automatically include a bounding box comparison that will make use of any indexes that are available on the geometries.
So you don't have to use two functions like you would in MySQL MBRcontains (bounding box w/ index), and ST_Contains.
 - Thanks for your answer but I'm still confused. If I change the lat, lng to point and instead of storing radius as km, if I store the distance in degrees then which query should I use? – The Alpha Aug 20 '17 at 19:03
 - _USER_ both, however if you take it one step further and (1) store them as a point, (2) store the ST_Buffer(pt, radius) as a geom, and index the geom then the operation on MBRContains will use the index, potentially saving costly calculations with ST_Contains – Evan Carroll Aug 20 '17 at 20:37
Your Answer


Martin Kutter > SOAP-Transport-JABBER-0.713 > SOAP::Transport::JABBER
Annotate this POD
View/Report Bugs
Module Version: 0.713 Source
SOAP::Transport::JABBER ^
This class provides a Jabber-based transport backend for SOAP::Lite.
This class uses the Net::Jabber classes to abstract the Jabber protocol away from the direct notice of the application. Besides maintaining any needed objects internally, the package also uses a separate class as a proxy between communication layers, SOAP::Transport::JABBER::Query. The Jabber support provides both client and server classes.
Inherits from: SOAP::Client, Net::Jabber::Client. This class provides localized implementations for both the new and send_receive methods, neither of which are changed in terms of interface. The only difference is that the send_receive method doesn't directly use the action hash key on the input it receives. In addition to these two basic methods, the server class overrides the endpoint method it would otherwise inherit from SOAP::Client:
In the general sense, this still acts as a basic accessor method, with the same get value/set value behavior used consistently through the SOAP::Lite module. The difference between this version and most others is that when the endpoint is initially set or is changed, the client object makes the connection to the Jabber endpoint, sending the proper authentication credentials and setting up the conversation mechanism using the SOAP::Transport::JABBER::Query class as a delegate. It then calls the superclass endpoint method to ensure that all other related elements are taken care of.
Inherits from: SOAP::Server.
The server class provided for Jabber support defines a slightly different interface to the constructor. The server manages the Jabber communication by means of an internal Net::Jabber::Client instance. In a fashion similar to that used by SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Daemon, the server class catches methods that are meant for the Jabber client and treats them as if the class inherits directly from that class, without actually doing so. In doing so, the handle method is implemented as a frontend to the Process method of the Jabber client class. The difference in the interface to the constructor is:
new(URI, optional server key/value options)
 $srv = SOAP::Transport::JABBER::Server-> new($uri);
The constructor for the class expects that the first argument will be a Jabber-style URI, followed by the standard set of optional key/value pairs of method names and their parameters. All the method/parameter pairs are delegated to the superclass constructor; only the Jabber URI is handled locally. It's used to set up the Net::Jabber::Client instance that manages the actual communications.
This module is currently unmaintained, so if you find a bug, it's yours - you probably have to fix it yourself. You could also become maintainer - just send an email to
Paul Kulchenko (
Randy J. Ray (
Byrne Reese (
Martin Kutter (
syntax highlighting:


text:
One of the busiest shipping areas in the 1700's was
the passage between Nantucket and the mainland.
The route between Great Point (or Sandy Point, as it was known)
was one of the most hazardous. In 1770, residents of Nantucket
formed a committee to persuade the General Court of Massachusetts
to build a lighthouse at Great Point. They later sent a local
representative to "use his influence" to gain support
for the lighthouse.
In 1784, a total of 1389 pounds was allocated for construction
of the lighthouse. The first Great Point Light (also known as Nantucket Light)
was built in 1785. The original wooden tower initially had no keeper's house at the site -
the keeper had to travel seven miles across the barrier beach to and from the
The first keeper was Captain Paul Pinkham. Pinkham was initially paid $166.66 a year -
a figure later increased due to the hardships of maintaining the station.
Eventually a residence was built near the station.
Keeper Pinkham resupplied the station by driving a horse and cart to Coatue,
across from the town of Nantucket, left his horse in a shed he had constructed
at the beach, and rowed across the channel into town.
During his time at the light, Pinkham created the first accurate chart of the nearby
shoals. This chart proved invaluable to mariners. Pinkham presided at Great Point
when responsibility for the station was turned over to the Federal Government in 1789.
In 1795, thieves stole keeper Pinkham's boat and used it to rob the Nantucket Bank.
Keeper Pinkham died in 1799, and was replaced by George Swain.
Jonathan Coffin, the next keeper, was forced to resume the long trek
to the light when a fire destroyed the keeper's residence in 1812.
Coffin petitioned directly to the Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin,
and was granted hardship pay for the arduous journey.
The original tower was destroyed by fire in November 1816 - arson was suspected,
but never proven. Due to the importance of the location, $7500 was quickly allocated
for a new lighthouse. A temporary wooden skeleton light tower was installed
during construction. The stone tower was completed in early 1818 for $7385.12.
The tower was 60 feet tall, and whitewashed for greater visibility.
The 14 lamps were visible 11 miles away.
The keeper's house was not replaced until 1825, when
a new stone structure was built with a covered walkway to the lighthouse.
Several major renovations took place during the light's history.
In 1857, a third-order Fresnel lens was installed
An assistant keeper's house was added, and the
tower lined with brick. The lantern room was replaced in 1861.
The residences were replaced with a new double-keeper's dwelling in 1889.
The presence of the lighthouse failed to prevent shipwrecks. Between
1863 and 1890 there were 43 wrecks off Great Point.
Mariners were apparently unable to distinguish Great Point
with the Cross Rip an Handkerchief lightships - all fixed lights.
The problem was finally remedied in 1889 when a red panel was placed
in the lantern room at Great Point to mark the Cross Rip Shoal area.
Great Point Light was automated in the 1950's. The keeper's residence
was boarded up. On October 23, 1966, a suspicious fire burned the
keeper's residence to the ground. In 1971, the Fresnel lens was replaced
with a modern optic. As time passed, erosion
brought the sea closer and closer to the lighthouse.
While there was much discussion on how to save the tower,
nothing was done, nor was the funding available. In 1981, the Coast
Guard estimated moving the lighthouse would cost $450,000.
Some maintenance did occur - in November 1983, the Coast Guard
repainted and refurbished the tower.
The preservation efforts were too late.
On March 29, 1984, the lighthouse was destroyed in a hurricane-force storm.
No one learned of the collapse until the following morning, when the
point was seen from the air.
The storm also created a break in the barrier beach, temporarily turning
Great Point into an island.
When the Coast Guard proposed placing a skeleton tower at the point,
the islanders vetoed the proposal. To maintain the historical
character of the island, a replica of the 1818 tower was built.
The new tower was erected three hundred yards west of the previous tower.
It was 70 feet tall, and used exterior rubblestone from the 1818 light.
The inner core was reinforced concrete, and the interior lined with brick.
The tower foundation was sunk 35 feet below ground.
An aluminum spiral staircase was installed, and the modern optic powered
by solar panels. The red sector was also replaced.
The cost of the new light was $1 million, and was funded by an
amendment to the Continuing Resolution of 1817, which appropriated
funds for the 1818 light.
The new tower was lit on September 6, 1986, and remains an active aid to navigation.
Nantucket Lights, Butler pp. 43-64
Lighthouses of Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket - Their History and Lore, Clark pp. 146-151
The Lighthouses of New England, Snow pp. 278-284, 286
Massachusetts Lighthouses - A Pictorial Guide, Thompson pp. 106-107
Lighthouses and Life Saving Stations Along the Massachusetts Coast, Claflin p. 103
New England Lighthouses, Roberts and Jones p. 75
Lighthouses of Massachusetts, Roberts and Jones pp. 71


Incident Response Features
The incident response features have been developed to provide a logical process that allows an operator to locate, confirm, move and record data associated with each incident. Particularly powerful is the incident response scenario process that suggests TAR and VMS messages to the operator dynamically. The rules for these incident response suggestions follow the functional requirements document. Incident response features in the prototype include:
 Figure 4-40. Entering Incident Information
CSC/PBFI Advantage: The number of lanes blocked by an incident is entered by highlighting the appropriate area on the screen.
Figure 4-41. Choosing Incident Responses
CSC/PBFI Advantage: The system provides the operator with suggested incident responses.
Figure 4-42. Using Incident Response Resources
CSC/PBFI Advantage: The system tracks all devices used during incident response.


How do I create a grid of objects in Boardmaker Studio?
You can create a rectangular or circular grid of identical objects using the Spray Tool or Circular Spray Tool.
 1. Select the triangle beside Spray Tool in the toolbar.
 2. Select:
 - Spray Tool to create a rectangular grid
 - Circular Spray Tool for a circular grid
 3. Position the cursor over the object you would like to duplicate.
 4. Click and drag diagonally to create a grid of identical objects.
 5. Release the selection when the grid is the desired size. Note: You can reposition the grid while the grid objects are still selected (they will have dotted outlines).
 6. Click and drag any selected object to reposition the entire grid. Note: If you have assigned properties to the original object (symbol, style, actions, etc.), they will be copied to the other objects in the grid.
© Copyright 2021 Tobii Dynavox
Terms & ConditionsLegal NoticePrivacy Policy


My Cart
Super-Mineral Remineralizing Oil-Pulling Oil
$33.00 $37.00
Oil Base
*organic sesame oil OR organic sunflower oil (two variations!)
*clam shell
*-organic **-wildcrafted
An organic sesame oil or organic sunflower oil infused with top quality herb and minerals.
We slowly infuse herbs into organic sesame oil, allowing for optimum absorb-ability. Pearlsoffer ancient, mineral sources that provide crucial minerals to the teeth in appropriate proportions.
Bee propolis has been shown to kill bacteria that causes tooth decay. In anecdotal evidence, I have also seen many people online who claim that using bee propolis helped them to heal existent cavities and remineralize their teeth.
Shilajit is a rich source of trace minerals and is extremely nourishing to the body, bones, and teeth.
Pearls are potent mineral sources that provide minerals in very similar proportions as found in teeth.
Comfrey is wonderful when used topically to help facilitate the healing of the bones and teeth!
Amla is an Ayurvedic herb that is very rich in vitamin C. It has shown great promise in treating both gum and dental issues.
Theobromine is the active ingredient in one of the most popular remineralizing pastes. It has been shown to he l remineralize the teeth in studies performed by the makers of that paste. It has shown to be superior to fluoride in hardening the teeth and preventing decay.
Nanohydroxyapatite provides abundant minerals that can assist the teeth in re-mineralizing.
Hadjod is one of the best Ayurvedic herbs for the bones, supplying the perfect balance of vitamins and minerals for them to be strong and healthy.
Neem is powerful at fighting decay.
Eucommia and rehmannia are supportive to the teeth and bones.
Licorice has long been used to treat and prevent dental issues. Even toothpaste giants such as Colgate have performed studies that prove that licorice helps halt decay and promotes a healthy oral environment that can allow for remineralization.
Clove is used to reduce dental pain, while myrrh is to kill bacteria and halt decay.
Oatstraw, wheat grass powder, alfalfa, and horsetail are classic herbs for bone healing because they are extremely rich sources.
We use herbs that are known to support bone healing, reduce pain and inflammation, and support dental health.
Hold oil in your mouth up to 20 minutes. When your nose starts running, it is time to spit it out! You can oil pull as many times per day as you would like. You can also dilute the oil if you want to make it go further..
Customer Reviews
Based on 1 review
Match made in heaven


N-Cadherin Orchestrates Self-Organization of Neurons within a Columnar Unit in the Drosophila Medulla
Journal: Journal of Neuroscience
Published: 2019-07-24
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3107-18.2019
Affiliations: 5
Authors: 11
Go to article
Research Highlight
Mechanism behind column-like structures in the brain uncovered
© Vaclav Hykes/EyeEm/Getty
© Vaclav Hykes/EyeEm/Getty
A study in fruit flies has found why neurons in the brain pattern themselves into column-like stacks.
The brain contains column-like structures, but it has been who these columns form in the developing brain.
Using the fly visual centre as a model for brain development more generally, a team led by Kanazawa University researchers has found that three core neurons in the larval brain form concentric rings held together by an adhesion protein called N-cadherin. As the fly matures, these flat disks of neuronal bundles fashion themselves into three-dimensional columns.
Using mathematical modelling and lab experiments with mutant flies, the researchers discovered that the differential expression of N-cadherin between neuron types leads to different adhesive properties that give rise to the columnar pattern.
The same physical processes could be behind the structural organization of neurons in the human brain as well.
Supported content
 1. Journal of Neuroscience 39, 5861–5880 (2019). doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.3107-18.2019
Institutions Share
Kanazawa University (KU), Japan 0.55
Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan 0.27
Ryukoku University, Japan 0.09
Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 0.09


text:
The Shoestring is an independent news publication that produces community journalism in western Massachusetts.
The Shoestring welcomes story pitches that adhere to these guidelines. Please get in touch.
- 250 words or less
- An analysis of power relating to your story
- A bit of the who/what/when/where/why
- What research do you plan to do?
- Who will be interviewed?
- If it isn't obvious, what is the local angle?
Once you've contacted us, an editor will be in touch within a week. All submissions meeting the above criteria welcome, but pitches featuring themes of food/environmental justice, housing rights, organizing with and by societally marginalized groups or featuring deep dives into local history will be extra welcome.


text:
Dual Guidance for Drinking Water
The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) calculates the quantity or amount of a contaminant in water that will not harm a person who drinks the water. The amount of contaminant is called "health-based guidance." MDH lists guidance values in the "Human Health-Based Water Guidance Table."
Some guidance values for contaminants that have been found in Minnesota groundwater can also be promulgated as a rule (the Health Risk Limits for Groundwater rule). Rulemaking occurs approximately every two years and guidance is developed in-between rulemaking and may update an older rule. As a result, both rules and guidance values may be available for a contaminant (dual guidance) and the two values may be different.
MDH is currently publishing both HRL rule values and newer guidance values (Health-Based Values or Risk Assessment Advice) on the MDH website in the Human Health-Based Water Guidance Table. Both values are available and useful for risk evaluations and risk management. Descriptions of the differences and similarities between values adopted into rules and MDH guidance are described on the MDH website (see MDH Guidance).
Displaying both the old HRL value and new guidance for a chemical is a temporary situation. At the first rulemaking opportunity MDH intends to either replace the old value with a new HRL value or repeal the old value without replacement. Once the new rule is promulgated the guidance table will show only the new HRL value or the guidance if no new HRL was promulgated. This will eliminate dual advice for that chemical. However, as MDH continues to reevaluate existing HRL values for more chemicals, new guidance will be developed and posted. MDH anticipates that the guidance table will always contain a few chemicals that will have information on both an old HRL value and new guidance.
All guidance values (HRLs, Health-Based Values, and Risk Assessment Advice) are available to state programs. Some state regulatory programs may be restricted to using HRLs or prefer to use HRLs because the values are promulgated into rule. MDH guidance is only one of many considerations that risk management programs use to determine appropriate responses to contamination issues. In particular, site specific situations may raise questions for the risk manager regarding which value to apply. Knowing the reason why a newer value was developed or knowing the populations at particular risk and how each value protects those populations may be an important consideration for choosing one value over another. While the selection and use of values is the responsibility of programs that are applying MDH rules and guidance, MDH staff are available for consultation concerning the basis and potential use of MDH values.


text:
Creepy Crawlies are most likely a prank device designed to scare the victim. As 'creepy crawlies' often refers to insects, arachnids, myriapods (e.g. Centipedes and Millipedes) and other invertebrates, they might be an assortment of insects. They were sold at Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes.
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) (First mentioned)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a two-server queue with Poisson arrival rate and $\lambda$ exponential services with $\mu$ ( first server service rate) and 2$\mu$ ( 2nd server service rate). Capacity is infinite.
Then why is the number of customers in the queue at time $t$ not a Markov Process?
Can you please help me out?
Thank You.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
You need extra information to make the process a Markov process. The Markov property requires that the future depend only on the current state, but suppose you have only a single customer in the system. The future behaviour of the system depends on the history of the process (namely which server that job started service with) not just the current state. (It could experience service at rate either $\mu$ or $2\mu$.)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Integrated Condition Monitoring Solutions
for Wind Industry
Importance of Integrated Reliability Maintenance for WTGReliability is important with all rotating machinery. In the case of wind turbines, if the turbine stops then it is no longer generating electricity, and therefore it is not earning revenue for the wind farm owner.
Random wind speeds, and occasional high wind speeds affect the input-side of the gearbox. Changing load conditions on the generator affect the output-side of the gearbox. Wind turbines must potentially operate in corrosive sea air or in freezing conditions where icing becomes a problem.
Resonance of the blades and tower can contribute to reliability issues, and misalignment is a significant issue given the flexibility of the foundations.
Technologies for Reliability issue in WTG and the advantages of the same.
- Ultrasonic services–For YAW & PITCH bearings, Electrical & Mechanical Components
- Vibration Analysis-For Drive train components
- Laser AlignmentFor drive train
- Infrared Thermography-For Transformer, Generator, Electrical panels
- Oil Analysis - For Transformer
- Lube Oil Analysis-For Gearbox
- Grease Analysis-For Main Bearing & Generator bearings
- Ferrography-For Gearboxes machine condition
- Non Destructive Testing-For Casted &Forged components.
- Endoscopy Inspection - For Gearbox & Main Bearing
Ultrasound Inspection - Technology being used only by MVS ACMEIUltrasound instrument will provide the necessary informations to the maintenance team about various electrical & mechanical symptom parameters & its condition.
Typical Applications of UltrasoundMECHANICAL INSPECTION:
- Lack of Lubrication / Failure
- Beginning of Fatigue Failure
- Brinelling of Bearing Surfaces
- Slow speed/VFD
- Prevent Over Greasing
- Partial Discharge
Vibration Analysis for Drive train
- Vibration can be a good indicator of the operating conditions of a range of mechanical components and structures and thus can support condition monitoring of important wind turbine components such as the rotor, drive train components and tower.
- Analysis of vibration signals in both the time and frequency domain can be used to identify incipient failure of these components.
- But the vibration sensor and analysis methods for tower and drive train components are different. For the Tower, Main Bearing, because the vibration frequency is quite low, a low frequency sensor (0–200 Hz) and an appropriate model based analysis method are used.
- For Drive train components Main bearing, Gearbox, Generator, a high frequency acceleration sensor (3–20 kHz) and fast Fourier transform (FFT), Cepstrum methods are used.
Shaft Alignment for Drive train
- Misalignment most affects the main bearings, gearbox and generator of wind turbines.
- The high-speed shaft between a gearbox and generator is a critical point of failure. Their misalignment a leading cause.
- Laser Alignment are a fast, easy, and accurate when used to align drive train components.
- A precision shaft alignment at install and periodic checks can help prevent drive train component failures, up-tower repairs, and catastrophic failures.
Thermography for Electrical & Mechanical components:
- Safety from hazardous accident.
- Non-contact method. Useful for far away targets.
- Can be done from safe distance.
- Night viewing possible.
- Done on live equipments.
- Time saving method.
- Pin points the thermal abnormality.
Boroscopic inspection of Gearbox & Main bearing:
- Boroscope inspections are visual inspections in places inaccessible to the human eye with the help of an optical device, the borescope.
- The borescope, also called videoscope or video boroscopy, a device is long and thin, flexible tube. Inside this tube is a telescopic system with many lenses, which provide a high image definition. It is also equipped with a powerful light source.
- The resulting image can be seen in the apparatus main lens, on a monitor, or recorded on a video recorder for later analysis.
Grease Analysis & Oil Analysis
- Oil analysis is well established as a routine tool to optimize maintenance activities, improve reliability and equipment life and prevent component failures.
- As part of a comprehensive Condition Based Maintenance program, lubricant analysis is an effective complement to other diagnostic technologies such as vibration analysis, infrared thermography, ultrasonic detection.
- However, when the component is grease lubricated rather than oil lubricated, the important lubricant analysis piece is often left out of the mix. The reasons for this include challenges in obtaining samples that can be trended, as well as the large sample volumes required for most current standardized tests for greases.
Vibration Data Collection and AnalysisWe will be using the state of the art 4 channel data collector & the technical capabilities of the same as follows.
CSI 2140-4 Channel Vibration Data collector
All possible machine fault symptoms of rotating/reciprocating machines can be identified as mentioned below:
- Unbalance (static, couple, quasi-static)
- Misalignment (angular, parallel, skew)
- Mechanical looseness, structural weakness, soft foot.
- Bend shaft, Rotor eccentricity.
- Resonance, best vibration.
- Mechanical rubbing
- Problems of belt driven machines
- Journal bearing defects.
- Antifriction bearing defects (inner race, outer race, cage, rolling elements).
- Hydrodynamic & Aerodynamic forces (blade of vane, flow turbulence, cavitations)
- Gear problems (tooth wear, tooth load, gear eccentricity, backlash, gear misalignment, and cracked or broken tooth.
Vibration Severity Chart As per ISO 10816
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PERMISSIBLE VIBRATION STANDARDS
Ultrasonic Analysis for Slow Speed Bearing Analysis using UE 15000:Key Features:
- Ultraprobe 15,000 Touch Digital Ultrasonic Inspection System
- This advanced ultrasonic instrument can perform onBoard spectral analysis
- Record the sounds of test equipment,
- Measure and record temperature,
- Take photographs with flash,
- Store and manage data.
- The Ultraprobe 15,000 utilizes touch screen technology.
- This unique feature uses Icons to easily control and manoeuvre around any of the Ultraprobe's display screens.
- Touching the screen allows you to be able to view view decibel level, temperature, control sensitivity, change frequency, view an FFT and record sounds and images.
For detection and analysis of these failure modes:
- Switch gear
- Bus Brakes
- Bearing Conditions
- Rubbing Conditions
- Gears/Gear Boxes
- Lack of Lubrication / Over Lubrication
Laser Shaft Alignment of WTG Drive Train
Benefits achieved by Laser Shaft Alignment are:
- Significant Power saving can be through accurate alignment.
- Protects the WTG assets and increases product quality as the vibrations are reduced to very low levels.
- Extends the machine availability as the mean time between failure increases.
- Increase in maintenance savings as spare parts consumption is reduced.
- Increase in time savings and Decrease in consumption of manpower for carrying out alignment..
Infrared ThermographyThe infrared camera evaluates and converts heat energy into meaningful temperatures. Components in various states of failure will emit more heat as a direct result of more energy dissipated into the component.
This extra energy is caused by increased friction in mechanical devices, and higher resistance in electrical devices. For the following equipment thermography survey can be carried out.
|Drives, Couplings, Gears, Shafts.||Overheated bearings or rollers, misalignment of shaft or coupling, lubrication failure uneven pressure.|
|Motors||Overheating of windings and bearings, blockages in cooling passages, friction, damping, material deformations, brush contact problems, rotors|
|Pumps/Fans/Radiators||Overheated bearings, high compressor discharges temperature, high oil temperature, and broken or defective valve.|
|Heavy Duty Equipment - Bearings, Brakes, Hydraulics||Overheating brakes, tires, bearings, pulleys, gears, gear or pulley misalignment, and blockages in hydraulics.|
|Mechanical Drive Components||High lube oil temperature, high bearing temperatures, faulty stop/control valve operation, uneven metal temperature, leaking shaft seals|
|Valves: Shutoff Valves, Relief valves||Leakage, Blockage.|
|Electrical inspections and electrical equipment||Unbalanced loads, Eddy current heating, Improperly sized fittings, Broken strands; Bad connections, breakers, fuses; Overloaded conditions, Motor Control Centre components, Distribution lines, Cable trays/conduits|


Innovation economics professor Knut Blind tells us why standards are key to surviving in a highly complex 21st-century global economy.
Innovation and standardization might seem polar opposites, but over many years various scholars have noted connections – very close ones, even – between the two. ISOfocus sat down with renowned researcher and professor Knut Blind to discuss the relationship – and "rules of the game" – and provide insights into how this knowledge can be useful to scholars, industrial strategists, policymakers and standards practitioners alike. What he says very much supports the notion that standardization and standards can be used to promote innovation. Here are a few highlights from the interview.
Leave a Reply


text:
Give to OBFS
Field stations are places where scientists, educators, and students have access to ecosystems dedicated to scientific study along with state-of-the-art research facilities, classrooms and exhibits. Collectively, field stations host thousands of individual scientists and represent a major investment in scientific infrastructure, from land and laboratories to DNA sequencers, sensors, and personnel.
Biological field stations are grappling with many of the same issues as their local communities. Therefore, it is imperative to have leadership that can create a direct bridge between science and the decision makers who are enabled to address these challenges. The Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS) brings assets from our nation's field stations, as well as from field stations around the world, together to solve our most pressing environmental issues.
Your donations to OBFS will help us:
- Develop research, management, and educational collaborations that target our most significant environmental challenges and engage under-represented groups; and
- Engage in national and international conversations to communicate scientific findings to policy makers and raise awareness of the value of these sentinel sites and their application to national, international, and regional issues.
Thank you for your generosity!


How do I get a handle to the module through the exec, so that I can call (in this example) the.run() method? Nov 19 '08 at 6:19
 - 6
 You can then do getattr(myapp.commands, command) to access the module. Nov 19 '08 at 6:20
 - 1
 ... or add as command_module to the end of import statement and then do command_module.run()
 – oxfn
 Oct 16 '13 at 10:43
 - In some version of Python 3+ exec was converted into a function with the added benefit that the resultant referenced created in source get stored into the locals() argument of exec(). To further isolate the exec'd referenced from the local code block locals you can provide your own dict, like an empty one and reference the references using that dict, or pass that dict to other functions exec(source, gobals(), command1_dict).... print(command1_dict['somevarible'])
 – DevPlayer
 Apr 8 '15 at 13:43
Similar as _USER_'s solution but reusable and error tolerant described here _URL_
import os
import imp
def importFromURI(uri, absl):
 mod = None
 if not absl:
 path, fname = os.path.split(uri)
 mname, ext = os.path.splitext(fname)
 if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path,mname)+'.pyc'):
 return imp.load_compiled(mname, uri)
 if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path,mname)+'.py'):
 return imp.load_source(mname, uri)
 return mod
The below piece worked for me:
>>>import imp;
>>>fp, pathname, description = imp.find_module("/home/test_module");
>>>test_module = imp.load_module("test_module", fp, pathname, description);
>>>print test_module.print_hello();
if you want to import in shell-script:
python -c ''
The following worked for me:
import sys, glob
fl = glob.glob('modus/*.py')
modulist = []
for i in range(len(fl)):
 fl[i] = fl[i].split('/')[1]
 fl[i] = fl[i][0:(len(fl[i])-3)]
It loads modules from the folder'modus'. The modules have a single class with the same name as the module name. E.g. the file modus/modu1.py contains:
class modu1():
 def __init__(self):
 print self.x
The result is a list of dynamically loaded classes "adapters".
 - 13
 Please don't bury answers without providing a reason in the comments. It doesn't help anyone.
 – Rebs
 Jun 11 '14 at 8:31
 - I'd like to know why this is bad stuff.
 – DevPlayer
 Sep 1 '16 at 2:40
 - Same as me, since I new to Python and want to know, why this is bad.
 – Kosmo零
 Nov 3 '16 at 17:50
 - 6
 This is bad not just because it's bad python, but also it's just generally bad code. What is fl? The for loop definition is overly complex. The path is hard coded (and for an example, irrelevant). It's using discouraged python (__import__), what's all that fl[i] stuff for? This is basically unreadable, and is unnecessarily complex for something that is not all that hard - see the top voted answer with its one-liner.
 – Phil
 Jul 20 '17 at 5:07


Protocols and methods
Here you can find measurement protocols and data processing methods for NanoCuvette™, SpectroLink™ and SpectroWorks™.
To calculate the refractive index with the NanoCuvette™ One it is required to obtain three spectra using a conventional spectrophotometer:
 1. A reference spectrum through the optical filter using a reference liquid (usually water).
 2. A sample spectrum through the optical filter.
 3. A sample spectrum through the clear side of the NanoCuvette™ One (not through the optical filter).
The three spectra must be obtained using the same NanoCuvette™ One and uploaded to the free online software on our website to calculate the refractive index of the sample. Follow the user guide to get the details for each step.
The free software presents the refractive index and absorbance results as a complete lab report, where the user can add their own notes, sample parameters etc. The analysis can easily be accessed later through the online user profile. The lab report, figures and data can be exported and printed.
NanoCuvette™ One with SpectroWorks™ 1.0
1. Start by creating a new project.
2. Create a measurement flow.
3. Use a reference for instrument calibration.
4. Measure sample by 2 mL or 0.5 μL method.
5. View the results and document your work.


text:
No Holiday As Joyous
Tu B'Av (The Fifteenth of Av) is no longer the well-known holiday on the Jewish calendar that it was in ancient times. In fact, in Talmudic times it was said: "There were no holidays so joyous for the Jewish People as the Fifteenth of Av…" (Ta'anit 26b).
On Tu B'Av, the unmarried maidens of Jerusalem would go out to the vineyards to dance together under the gaze of the unmarried men (sort of a Sadie Hawkins Day!). Each young lady would be dressed in white clothing borrowed from her neighbor so that those who came from wealthy families would not stand out and none would be embarrassed.
As they danced, the ladies would call out: "Young man, lift your eyes and choose wisely. Don't look only at physical beauty–look rather at the family [values], 'For charm is false, and beauty is deceitful. A God-fearing woman is the one to be praised…'" (Proverbs 31:30).
While in ancient times the same ceremony also took place on Yom Kippur, the day of Tu B'Av was specifically set aside for this celebration because it was the anniversary of the date on which inter-tribal marriages were permitted after the Israelites had entered the Land of Israel.
Today is Tu B'Av.
Copyright © 2011 National Jewish Outreach Program. All rights reserved.Email this post


text:
Car make and model are both terms used to identify and describe vehicles. Make is essentially a short term for an automaker, which means the company that makes the vehicle. Toyota, Ford, Chevrolet, and Honda are all examples of automakers or car makes. So what is the model of a car? Model is the specific type of vehicle produced by the automaker. For instance, a Camry is a model of Toyota, and a Civic is a model of Honda. Other terms to describe cars include the model year, body style and trim level.
Understanding Car Makes
The manufacturers and large companies that produce different car makes are typically multinational corporations with more than one location. Nevertheless, they are strongly associated with their home countries. For example, Nissan, Honda, Subaru, Mazda, and Toyota are often referred to as Japanese automakers, despite having many satellite branches around the globe. Similarly, Hyundai and Kia are associated with Korea, which is their home country. Ford, Chevrolet, and Chrysler are examples of American car makers. Volkswagen, Fiat, Porsche, and BMW are examples of car makers located in Europe and strongly associated with Europe, despite being popular around the world. Some consumers have a strong preference for particular automakers and will only buy from that brand.
Another thing to remember is that sometimes car makes will be made by the same company. For example, Acura is the luxury brand of Honda, and Lexus is the luxury brand of Toyota. These vehicles are luxury cars and differ from the car models found under their parent company brands.
Understanding Car Models
Car model, on the other hand, refers to different types of cars found within one car brand. Car models have distinct names within the brand to differentiate them from other vehicles in the lineup. Sometimes car models have specific proper names such as a GMC Yukon. Other times, the car model might just be a number or letter or a combination such as the Audi Q3. Some of the more famous car model names include the Mustang, Corvette, Prius, Explorer, and Beetle. Car model names are important to distinguish vehicles as sometimes car makers release very similar vehicles. For example, the GMC Yukon and the Chevrolet Tahoe are very similar vehicles and, despite the different brands, are owned by the same company.
Differences Between Car Models
Despite car models being a more precise way to identify a vehicle besides just the car make, it may not be precise enough in many applications. Depending on the year and trim of a car model, it could be radically different and treated differently in terms of buying or selling, shopping for car insurance or even registering the vehicle. For example, various trims and model years of vehicles may have different options such as safety features, engine size, and transmission among others. This affects the value of the vehicle and can change the type of quote you get for car insurance.
Car Model Body Styles
The same car model might also include different body styles under the same name. For example, a single passenger car model might offer a sedan, convertible, wagon and coupe version with the same name. An SUV crossover might also be referred to as a hatchback. The body style refers to the general shape and function of the vehicle. Identifying a Toyota sedan, for example, would narrow it down to cars with four doors. A Mitsubishi coupe is likely to be used to distinguish a two-door vehicle under that brand name.
Trim Levels For Car Models
Along with body styles, most car models also have at least a few different trim levels. For example, the 2019 Dodge Charger has the following trim level options: SXT, GT, R/T, SXT AWD, Scat Pack, and SRT Hellcat. Trim levels can be used in a tiered method where the lowest trim is the vehicle with the least amount of options while the luxury trim is at the top with the most options. However, sometimes trim levels are used to distinguish a vehicle's different use category. In the example used above, the SRT Hellcat is a top-level sportscar trim. In another case, the Rubicon is a Jeep Wrangler trim designed more for off-roading. Some car makes logically distinguish trim levels while others have to be decoded. Mercedes-Benz is one of these that uses a combination of letters and numbers. The C 300 and the AMG C 43 are both C Class car models but are different trims.
Car Model Year
Car model years are another important way to distinguish vehicles and assess their value. Car makers often completely redesign car models and the year is a meaningful way to know this. However, it's important to remember that the model year does not necessarily indicate when the car was manufactured. For example, cars from the 2019 model year were available to purchase back in 2018. So if a redesign of a specific car model occurred for the 2019 model year, it was most likely manufactured in 2018.
Car Makes By The Same Manufacturer
As previously mentioned, some car manufacturers actually have more than one brand under their label. However, these brands are distinct car makes, and it would be incorrect to call an Acura MDX a Honda MDX. They are also not interchangeable, so you can't refer to a Honda Civic as an Acura Civic. In some cases, like with General Motors, the other brands are due to mergers with other companies in the past. GM has acquired Buick and Cadillac in the past, and these are considered GM brands in the present. However, at one point they were their own brands. This is different from Toyota, which created Lexus for the luxury car market and Scion to target an economy market.
How To Determine Your Car's Make and Model
Car makes are identified by logos and by their name. You can always find both on your vehicle in one place or another. The emblem appears prominently on the grille for example. The car model is usually also indicated somewhere on the vehicle, but in the case that it's not, it will also be on the registration and owner's manual.


Half Marathon Q: Why Do My Legs Cramp?
Expert answers to your most pressing concerns—posted every Friday between now and race day: April 3, 2011!
By MORE.com Health Editors
woman stretching legs image
Photograph: Izabela Habur
Q: Why do my legs cramp, and how can I make it stop?
A: "Most cramping is a result of either over-using your legs while running (especially the lower legs), or having low levels of electrolytes—minerals in your blood and other bodily fluids that affect hydration and muscle function," says Danny Dreyer, creator of ChiRunning and ChiWalking, two movement techniques influenced by t'ai chi. "However, both of these problems are easily remedied."
 - When running, allow your entire body to fall forward so that you lean slightly from the ankles. Land with knees slightly bent in a midfoot strike, not a heel strike.
 - Practice using this forward lean for propulsion instead of your legs. This will give your leg muscles a chance to relax while you run. Let gravity pull you forward as you lean.
 - Consume an electrolyte-replacement drink during workouts that last longer than 45 minutes. After 45 minutes of running, you should take one electrolyte capsule every 45 minutes or drink the equivalent amount of electrolyte-replacement drink.
NEXT How Can I Prevent Shin Splints?
PREVIOUS How Do I Get Faster?
First Published Fri, 2011-02-18 11:52
Find this story at:


text:
Probabilistic Analysis of Random Test Generation Method for Irredundant Combinational Logic Networks
Issue No. 07 - July (1975 vol. 24)
P. Agrawal, Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California
In this paper the random test generation method for large logic circuits is analyzed. Formulas for the detection probability and the number of random input patterns required to complete the test generation with a high probability are obtained for an irredundant fan-out-free combinational network tree consisting of identical n-input NAND gates. The quantitative estimates for the number of random input patterns required for test generation appear to depend upon the number of levels in the circuit and the fan-ins of the gates. Experimental results for actual computer logic circuits are given and show the validity of the approach.
Combinational networks, detection probability, fault detection, path sensitizing, probabilistic analysis of logic, random test generation.
P. Agrawal and V. Agrawal, "Probabilistic Analysis of Random Test Generation Method for Irredundant Combinational Logic Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 24, no., pp. 691-695, 1975.


Monday, December 19, 2016
Fire Damper vs. Fire Smoke Damper
Do you know the difference between fire dampers and fire smoke dampers?
This is a questions that seems to come up a lot in the fire alarm install and design world. The definition of a damper is "A person or thing that damps or depresses". In other words it is a plate that is placed within the duct work of an HVAC system to regulate or in some cases stop air flow.
Now in the fire alarm industry we are more concerned with the terms "Fire Damper", "Smoke Damper" or "Combination Smoke Fire Damper". Whats is the difference? Well it is actually quite simple as we explain below.
 - A "Fire Damper" as defined in the CMC (California Mechanical Code) 2013 Edition Section 206.0 - "An automatic-closing metal assembly of one or more louvers, blades, slats or vanes that close upon detection of heat so as to restrict the passage of flame and is listed to the applicable recognized standard." The automatic means can be accomplished one of two ways: 1) by a fusible link that will melt upon heat thus releasing the louvers into the closed position. 2) by motorized actuators that will close upon loss or gain of power. These are typically controlled by and addressable relay module.
 - A "Smoke Damper" as defined in the CMC (California Mechanical Code) 2013 Edition Section 206.0 - "A damper arranged to seal off airflow automatically through a part of an air duct system so as to restrict the passage of smoke and is listed to the applicable recognized standard."
 - A "Combination Fire Smoke Damper" is exactly that, a combination of a "Fire Damper" and a "Smoke Damper".
Combination Fire Smoke Damper FSD
When are they required and how do I know when to use what type?
Keep in mind that the fire alarm contractor will not be providing or installing these. However, it is nice to know what to look for on a bid set of plans or during a job walk. First up is the "Fire Damper". A fire damper is installed in HVAC duct work at the intersection of a rated barrier such as walls or partitions. The damper is in place to secure the integrity of the rated barrier in the event of heat or flames around 165 degrees F. Like we stated above, the fusible link will melt thus releasing the louvers on the damper. Once the louvers are closed or shut, the fire barrier is now secured from allowing flames to penetrate prior to the rating level of the barrier itself.
Smoke dampers are similar however, they close in the presence of smoke. Now since the smoke damper cannot obviously sense smoke, we need to install a smoke detector. The smoke detector can either be a system smoke (tied to a building fire alarm system) or a stand alone smoke solely in place to activate the smoke damper. Smoke Dampers are required to be installed on walls that separate smoke barriers.
What's a smoke barrier you ask...... A smoke barrier is a continuous surface such as a wall, floor, or ceiling constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier can be either vertical or horizontal.
Now a "combination smoke fire damper" is located in a situation where both fire rating and smoke barriers come into play. A combination fire smoke damper also needs a smoke detector just like the smoke damper. The smoke detector can either be a duct smoke detector (System Sensor D4120 or DNR) or a pendant mounted detector within the duct work itself. Once the detector senses smoke particles it will either through programming or local relay base close the damper louvers.
1 comment:
 1. Kyle, thanks for posting this article. The question I was researching when I came upon this is...Are stand-alone smoke dampers or Fire/smoke dampers required to be connected to the building fire alarm system?