Asked by: Hasnia Payen
technology and computing programming languages
What is a domain specific vocabulary word?
Last Updated: 30th April, 2020
Put simply, domain-specific words, also known as Tier 3 words, are technical or jargon words important to a particular subject. For instance, chemistry and element both fall under science-related vocabulary, while allusion and verse relate closely to English language arts (naturally, our favorite subject area).
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Likewise, what are domain specific words examples?
Tier 3 words: These words are often referred to as "domain specific"; they are critical to understanding the concepts of the content taught in schools. Generally, they have low-frequency use and are limited to specific knowledge domains. Examples would include words such as isotope, peninsula, refinery.
Similarly, what is precise language and domain specific vocabulary? Precise language consists of clear and direct words and phrases with specific meanings. • Domain-specific vocabulary consists of the words and phrases used to explain concepts that are directly related to a particular subject or topic.
Furthermore, what is the purpose of domain specific vocabulary?
Domain-specific vocabulary is language or word choice that is directly related to the class for which you are writing. For example, if you are writing a literary analysis essay for English, words like "theme," "symbolism," and "juxtaposition" would be great domain-specific vocabulary.
What is the difference between academic words and domain specific words?
Academic words are more mature words that are used across all content areas. Domain-specific words are isolated to a specific subject area.
Related Question Answers
Nicasio Aoiz
What are the specific words?
Specific Words are words that, through the use of modifiers, name a specific idea, thing, person and the likes. These kinds of words are used when you want to limit your discussion to a particular idea. Examples of these words would include rocking chair, dollar, gym equipment, pepper and high-heeled shoes.
Margaret Schaible
What is an example of academic vocabulary?
Academic vocabulary includes words used in academic dialogue and texts. It does not include words students use in general conversation, but academic vocabulary relates to other familiar words that students do use. For example, rather than using the simple verb watch, an academic term would be observe.
Atanasia Poço
What are domain specific skills?
Domain-Specific Knowledge: 1, Domain-Independent Skills: 0. They include skills such as communicating, problem-solving, curiosity, patience, flexibility, purpose, persistence, resilience, courage, and creating — that apply across all specific fields.
Vasil Saada
What is domain specific knowledge?
An expert is a person with extensive knowledge about a particular subject matter or area of expertise. Much problem solving involves domain-specific knowledge. That is knowledge relevant to a certain domain: a situation or class of problems. Domain-specific knowledge is what makes an expert an expert.
Elke Claussen
What are domain specific texts?
Domain specific texts are found on the third tier of the words tier, which is specialized terms. Domain specific texts are texts that students use in their academic studies, such as their science, social studies, and math books. The words found in the text are content specific and are often abstract.
Fatiha Santaella
What is content vocabulary?
Contrasted with Academic Vocabulary, Content Vocabulary includes words that are specific to a given domain or subject area, rarely being found outside of their particular content area.
Ayman Belikov
What is precise language?
Precise language is using exact, specific words. Writers use precise language to give readers particular images in their heads.
Ilune Hacker
What is a Tier 2 word?
Tier 2 words are words such as obvious, complex, reasoned, national, or informed. In contrast, Tier 1 words are extremely common, almost ubiquitous-frequency words that require little or no explicit instruction.
Jhenny Teboul
What is general academic vocabulary?
General academic vocabulary is the language of school and tests. It is more likely to be used in written expression rather than speech. audience the people who receive a message or information, whether written or oral Your response should be clearly appropriate for the intended audience.
Code Hasainov
How do you teach academic language?
 1. 5 Tips for Teaching Academic Language.
 2. Teach one word at a time in an explicit direct instruction format.
 3. Equip your students with sentence frames they can use for discussion, writing, and collaboration.
 4. Integrate academic language into your daily practice through content areas.
 5. Make a wall of academic language words.
Willibald Adabashian
What is academic language?
Academic language is the language needed by students to do the work in schools. It includes, for example, discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and punctuation, and applications of rhetorical conventions and devices that are typical for a content area (e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a controversial issue.)
Heydi Chelu
What tier is academic vocabulary?
This handout discusses the three tiers of vocabulary, Tier 1—Basic Vocabulary, Tier 2—High Frequency/Multiple Meaning, and Tier 3—Subject Related. Tier one consists of the most basic words. These words rarely require direct instruction and typically do not have multiple meanings.
Genevie Bardi
Why is academic vocabulary important?
Academic Vocabulary is Important
The depth of a student's understanding of words and meaning plays an enormous role in their ability to comprehend content-area concepts and read academic texts. When we help students build academic vocabulary we create routes to comprehension and enable academic success!
Solanyi Herauritz
What is the difference between content and academic vocabulary?
Content Vocabulary. Have students classify unknown words into two categories while reading the text: 'General academic vocabulary' includes words that are not specific to science, while 'Specific content vocabulary' includes words that students believe to be specific to their particular content class.
Brigitte Hyeraci
What is DSL Software?
A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. There are a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as MUSH soft code.
Chiquita Moumen
What is academic vocabulary Marzano?
In Building Background Knowledge, Bob Marzano laid out a six-step process for building academic vocabulary. It includes direct instruction, linguistic and nonlinguistic definitions, recording word learning in a notebook or journal, talking about words, and playing with words.
Marcelin Meka
What does critical vocabulary mean?
A critical vocabulary is a formal terminology related to one or more branches of critical theory. Although it may be considered a type of jargon, it is predominantly used by academics and is not slang.
Nathalia Guhra
What is the definition of domain specific?
(computing) dedicated to a particular problem domain, a particular problem representation/solution technique.
Mostefa Michelsen
What are domain specific words?
Vocabulary specific to a particular field of study (domain), such as the human body (CCSS, p. 33); in the Standards, domain-specific words and phrases are analogous to Tier Three words (Language, p. 33).


text:
routing key property of the message matches the routing key of the key according to a primitive pattern matching scheme, then the message is forwarded to the queue. The message routing key then consists of words separated by dots (".", like domain names), and two special characters are available; star ("") and hash ("#"). The star matches any word, and the hash matches zero or more words. For example ".stock.#" matches the routing keys "usd.stock" and "eur.stock.db" but not "stock.nasdaq".
Durable: this flag determines the durability of both exchanges and queues; durable exchanges and queues remain active when a RabbitMQ server restarts. Non-durable exchanges/queues (transient exchanges/queues) are purged when a server restarts. It is worth noting that AMQP specifies that durable queues cannot bind to transient exchanges. Default is True.
Auto_delete: if set, the exchange is deleted when all queues have finished using it. Default is False.
Exclusive: exclusive queues (such as non-shared) may only be consumed from by the current connection. When exclusive is on, this also implies auto_delete. Default is False.
Exchange_type: AMQP defines several default exchange types (routing algorithms) that covers most of the common messaging use cases.
Auto_ack: acknowledgment is handled automatically once messages are received. By default auto_ack is set to False, and the receiver is required to manually handle acknowledgment.
No_ack: it disable acknowledgment on the server-side. This is different from auto_ack in that acknowledgment is turned off altogether. This functionality increases performance but at the cost of reliability. Messages can get lost if a client dies before it can deliver them to the application.
Auto_declare: if this is True and the exchange name is set, the exchange will be automatically declared at instantiation. Auto declare is on by default. Publishers specify most the parameters of Consumers (such as they do not specify a queue name), but they can also specify the following:
Delivery_mode: the default delivery mode used for messages. The value is an integer. The following delivery modes are supported by RabbitMQ:
- 1 or "transient": the message is transient. Which means it is stored in memory only, and is lost if the server dies or restarts.
- 2 or "persistent": the message is persistent. Which means the message is stored both in-memory, and on disk, and therefore preserved if the server dies or restarts.
The default value is 2 (persistent). During a send operation, Publishers can override the delivery mode of messages so that, for example, transient messages can be sent over a durable queue.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Pellet Prices Remain Stable and Favourable
The cost of the raw material, sawdust, accounts for the largest portion of the pellet price.
How will the prices for pellets develop in the future? Wood pellets are significantly cheaper than oil or gas, and their price will remain stable in the long term. Unlike fossil fuels, wood pellets are made from an abundant and renewable resource. Furthermore, pellet prices are not influenced by political and global crises, i.e. pellets are not a commodity subject to economic speculation.
The price for FireStixx pellets is made up of the following costs:
- Costs for raw materials: approx. 40%
- Costs for storage, logistics and sales: approx. 30%
- Production costs, i.e. drying of the raw materials and palletisation: approx. 30%


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SqlDataSource.ConflictDetection Property
Gets or sets the value indicating how the SqlDataSource control performs updates and deletes when data in a row in the underlying database changes during the time of the operation.
Namespace: System.Web.UI.WebControls
Assembly: System.Web (in System.Web.dll)
public ConflictOptions ConflictDetection { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Web.UI.ConflictOptions
One of the ConflictOptions values. The default is the ConflictOptions.OverwriteChanges value.
The ConflictDetection property determines whether parameters for old and new values are applied to the Update method. For example, if the command that is specified by the SelectCommand property returns a DataTable object with the columns Name and Number and the ConflictDetection property is set to the OverwriteChanges value, parameters are created for Name and Number for the Update method. If the ConflictDetection property is set to the CompareAllValues value, parameters are created for Name, Number, original_Name, and original_Number. (The exact name of the parameters for the original values depends on the OldValuesParameterFormatString property.) The SqlDataSource control then determines if the Update method that is specified in the UpdateCommand property has parameters that match.
Concurrency control is a technique that data stores use to control how data is read and changed in the store when multiple clients are accessing and manipulating the same data. For example, one client reads data and presents it to a user, while another client reads the same data, and presents it to a different user. If both users update the data and submit it to the data storage, some unexpected result might occur, because both clients might update different values for the same data. This is considered a conflict. By setting the ConflictDetection property to the CompareAllValues value, your Update method can then compare the old and new values to the original data source to detect conflicts and handle them, as necessary.
The ConflictDetection property delegates to the ConflictDetection property of the SqlDataSourceView object that is associated with the SqlDataSource control.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0
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Epsom Baths: A Guide
Updated: Mar 27
Epsom Salts have always been known to be a great source of magnesium (this is why we're so fond of magnesium). Studies have shown that many people lack this important mineral because magnesium levels are diminishing in our environment.
The high magnesium quantity in Epsom salts make them an amazingly relaxing soak. Epsom salts also have numerous benefits in terms of healthcare, beauty and household uses. They've been added to baths since they were first discovered at a salty spring in Epsom, England. Using epsom salt in baths and beauty treatments is a great way to improve magnesium levels.
In this article, we give you a comprehensive guide covering everything Epsom Baths!
Why Are Epsom Baths Beneficial?
Detoxification: The human body is exposed to more than 20,000 toxins on a regular basis. These include everything from pesticides, herbicides, medications and PCBs. An Epsom Bath helps refresh your body and detoxify from your environment.
Relieve Inflammation And Pain: An Epsom salt bath can help reduce inflammation that causes pain, as well as relieving muscle tension. It has also been found to reduce the pain from migraine headaches.
Promote Restful Sleep: If you, like millions of other people around the world, have a hard time sleeping at night - Epsom Baths can do you wonders for a good night's sleep. Make it a habit to take an Epsom Bath around half an hour before you sleep. You can follow up the bath with chamomile tea. In just a few days, you'll notice a major difference in your sleeping patterns!
Ease Stress: When your body contains excessive levels of adrenaline, or a lack of magnesium, you will be faced with long-term stress that leads to conditions like diabetes, obesity, insomnia and high blood pressure. An Epsom Bath re-supplies your body with magnesium. Consequently, there is a more generous production of serotonin in the body. This is the mood-lifting chemical in the brain that decreases anxiety and eases stress.
How To Take An Epsom Salt Bath:
The minerals in a detox Epsom Salt Bath are believed to help remove toxins from the body to relieve stress, improve your health, cure constipation, and even help with weight loss! The most important feature of Epsom Salt Baths is the magnesium absorption. This is especially helpful to people with a magnesium deficiency.
Use Epsom salt to make a detox bath like this:
1. Fill the bathtub with warm water. Use 1-2 cups of Epsom salt for a normal sized bathtub..
2. Pour the salt into running water. This helps it dissolve quicker.
3. Optional, but you can add essential oils like peppermint or lavender for more aromatherapy benefits, such as an improved mood and relaxation.
4. Sit in the tub for at least 15-20 minutes. Grab a magazine, put on some soothing music, and soak in all the Epsom goodness!
If you don't have enough time for a full bath, you can create your own shower paste with Epsom salt. Just add quarter a cup of organic olive oil, and enough Epsom salt to make a paste. You can use this as a scrub in the shower!
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Can Red-Eyed Tree Frogs Eat Mealworms?
Red-eyed tree frogs can eat mealworms as they contain fat, fiber, protein, and calcium. However, they should be fed infrequently and in small quantities as a supplement to your frog's diet; otherwise, their high chitin levels may cause impaction in the frog's gut.
Red-eyed tree frogs are carnivores and insectivores, and their primary diet in the wild would be moths, grasshoppers, flies, and even other frogs. The best food for your frog is crickets, supplemented with mealworms or wax worms now and then for variety.
Your mealworms should be raised in a sterile environment and should not be wild-caught, as they may carry pesticides, diseases, and parasites that are harmful to your frogs.
Is a Mealworm Nutritious?
Mealworms are a good source of nutrition to Red-eyed tree frogs and are safe for your frog to consume in moderation. Red-eyed tree frogs are not generally picky eaters and will eat anything that moves (including other frogs.) You should endeavor to vary your frog's diet to mimic their opportunistic feeding patterns in nature. A diet made up of only one item, such as crickets, may lead to health issues even when supplemented with calcium and vitamins.
Red-eyed tree frogs are not picky and will usually eat anything that moves (including other frogs). A varied diet is recommended, as a single item diet will be unbalanced and lead to health issues, even when adequately supplemented. Mealworms make a great addition to the variety of your red eyes diet and live mealworms provide high protein levels for amphibians.
Mealworms are not actually worms at all but are the larval form of the Tenebrio Molitor or Mealworm Beetle, a darkling beetle species. Newly hatched mealworms are often referred to as mini-mealworms by sellers, and the average mealworm nutritional information based on a controlled diet is:
Protein 20.27%
Calcium ratio 3.2%
Fat 13 %
Fiber 1.73.%
Ash 1.5%
Our Tree Frog Guide
If you are thinking about keeping red-eyed tree frogs or you are an existing owner of these lovely creatures then you might want to take a look at our comprehensive guide to these tree frogs. It is an absolute must. Just Click Here to have a look. One last thing, you may be interested in our guide to breeding Crickets, which will help you save money.
Why Can Mealworms Be Bad for My Red-Eyed Tree frog?
While being nutritious, mealworms can also be bad for your amphibians. Mealworms have a high level of chitin, which is a type of insect fiber. Chitlin in the mealworm cuticle is indigestible and may inhibit nutrients' absorption in the frog's gut. The mealworm's outer shell may not break down in your frog's gut and create compaction that can pose deadly for your Red eyes.
Typical mealworm pupa may have up to 13% chitin content, which is relatively high compared to the common field crickets, which only contain between 1.65% and 2.42% chitin levels. So, when feeding mealworms to your frogs, you should ensure that you limit the volume and frequency of mealworms in your frog's diet.
How Do I Feed My Red Eyed Tree Frog Mealworms?
Your mealworms provide the best nutrition if you 'gut load' them before feeding to your amphibians. Gut loading is a process whereby you feed your mealworms highly nutritious food that will be passed on to your frogs when they consume the worms. For example, by providing your worms with food high in vitamins, your frogs are ensured to absorb those nutrients along with their prey.
Because mealworms are high in fat and protein but lack many essential minerals and vitamins, they often need to be supplemented. You should feed your worms top-quality organic vegetables 12-24hrs before being fed to your Red eyes.
To ensure that your mealworms are ready to be consumed, you should place them in a tub with smooth sides with a quarter-inch of bran or cornmeal for food and substrate.they require moisture as well, and you should place thinly sliced vegetables on top of your bedding such as:
 - Potatoes
 - Apples
 - Lettuce
 - Carrots
 - Collard greens
 - Squash
If you intend to keep your mealworms longer for breeding purposes, you should ensure that you remove rotting fruit and vegetables from your mealworms to prevent mold. Always rotate your food items to expose them to various vitamins and minerals that make them more nutritious to your frogs.
Once they are loaded up with fresh fruit and vegetables, you should dust your mealworms with calcium/D3 and multivitamin supplements. When dusting your feeder insects, ensure that you provide a dusting of calcium three times a week and calcium plus D3 twice weekly. Multivitamins can be given to your frogs once a week.
When offering your frogs mealworms, ensure that the worms are not larger than the frog's head, and for young frogs no larger than a quarter-inch wide. You should feed your Juveniles every day, subadults every 2-3 days, and adults 2-3 times per week.
 Because Red-eyed tree frogs are nocturnal feeders, they are most active at night so feeding your mealworms at night means they will be more likely to be eaten straight away. This method ensures that your calcium/vitamin coatings are less likely to be eaten rather than rubbed off by the worm's movement in the substrate.
Mealworms are a great way to increase the variety of foodstuffs on your tree frog's menu, which is essential for your pets to thrive. However, care should be taken to only offer mealworms infrequently to avoid the hazards of chitin impaction. Wild-caught mealworms may be harmful, and you should purchase mealworms with a specialized diet or breed your own to ensure they are safe for your frogs to consume.
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text: Egyptians enjoy snacking on this tangy, marble-sized fruit – and their season is just beginning. Harankush is the fruit of Physalis peruviana. The plant is native to Central and South America but has been grown in Egypt for decades. Other names for the fruit include cape gooseberries, golden berries, and ground cherries – to name a few. The picture above is what the fruits look like before their papery husks have been removed. It takes awhile to remove them all, but the reward of a bowl of beautiful orange fruit is worth the effort! Those pictured in the bottom photo are about to become Harankush Crumble – our favorite way to feast on these fruit!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Definition of LMAO
 1. It is an acronym that comes from the English phrase Laughing My Ass Off and its meaning in Spanish is "Me cago de la risa". This expression is used when indicating that something is very funny. For example: I saw a movie and the whole time I was LMAO.
 2. By extension, it is used as a synonym that something is funny or causes laughter regardless of its intensity.
The acronym LMAO comes from the English phrase laughing my ass off, which literally means "breaking my ass." From that perspective, other possible translations would be "I'm shit laughing" or "I'm dying of laughter". This term began to be used on the internet to mean something that is very funny.
This abbreviation is part of internet jargon and is clearly rude. However, the expansion of its use has led to it being used as a synonym for something that is funny without the need to refer to its literal meaning.
 1. A more vulgar derivation of LMAO is the acronym LMFAO which means "laughing until my fucking ass falls off". In this case, it is a direct use of foul vocabulary.
 2. LMFAO was an American electro pop duo that ran from 2006 to 2012. Some of the group's achievements were, for example, making their two albums among the top three dance albums in America.


text:
Spring in the Mountains 2008 / Spring in the Mountains trek pix-13
May 2–4, 2008
The Smokies are home to many species of land snails. Identification is possible (with practice) by examining features such as the shell spiral, overall size, and whether the opening is toothed or not. Snails are important part of the leaf litter and some species are an important source of calcium for many other animals.


During a global scan of some 16 million homes, antivirus vendor Avast recorded that two out of five digital households worldwide are vulnerable to cyber attacks.
The Avast Smart Home Report 2019 contains insights from over 16 million smart home networks, revealing that 40.3 percent of homes worldwide (47.1% in Australia) have more than five smart devices connected and 40.8 percent (33.4% in Australia) of these contain at least one vulnerable connected device.
The report illustrates that just one connected device can compromise the security of the whole home network.
"People use their smart TV to watch their favourite Netflix series or connect their baby monitor to their home network. However, often they don't know how to maintain the security of that device," said Ondrej Vlcek, President, Consumer at Avast.
"It only takes one weak device to let in a bad hacker and once they are on the network, they can access other devices and the personal data they stream or store, including live videos and voice recordings. Simple security steps will significantly improve the integrity of digital homes. For example, the setting of strong, unique passwords and two-factor authentication for all device access, and ensuring software patches and firmware updates are applied when available."
The majority (69.2%) of vulnerable devices in households worldwide (55.4% in Australia) were discovered to be vulnerable due to having weak credentials, such as simple passwords or the use of one-factor authentication. A further 31.8 percent of these devices worldwide (45.1% in Australia) were vulnerable due to not being patched.
Avast also scanned 11 million routers worldwide and found that over half (59.7%) worldwide either have weak credentials or software vulnerabilities. Out-of-date software is often the weakest link in the security chain, making it an easy gateway for cybercriminals looking to access other connected devices.
Based on a scan of 117,773 Australian home networks, the research found that the top seven most vulnerable devices in Australia were:
1. Printers 35.8%
2. Network nodes 19.7%
3. NAS 19.4%
4. Security cameras 11%
5. Media boxes 8.5%
6. TVs 3.2%
7. Gaming consoles 0.5%
Printers were found to be the most prevalent vulnerable device worldwide, featuring in the top three list in every single country scanned and topping the list in the U.S., Canada, Australia, Singapore, South Korea and Japan. Media streaming boxes (e.g. set-top boxes, Chromecasts, TiVos) have entered the top five, and are incidentally the third most prevalent IoT device found in digital homes, after TVs and printers.
A link to the full report can be found here:


text: Participatory budgeting is a method used by city governments to select public projects to fund based on residents' votes. Many cities use participatory budgeting at a district level. Typically, a budget is divided among districts proportionally to their population, and each district holds an election over local projects and then uses its budget to fund the projects most preferred by its voters. However, district-level participatory budgeting can yield poor social welfare because it does not necessarily fund projects supported across multiple districts. On the other hand, decision making that only takes global social welfare into account can be unfair to districts: A social-welfare-maximizing solution might not fund any of the projects preferred by a district, despite the fact that its constituents pay taxes to the city. Thus, we study how to fairly maximize social welfare in a participatory budgeting setting with a single city-wide election. We propose a notion of fairness that guarantees each district at least as much welfare as it would have received in a district-level election. We show that, although optimizing social welfare subject to this notion of fairness is NP-hard, we can efficiently construct a lottery over welfare-optimal outcomes that is fair in expectation. Moreover, we show that, when we are allowed to slightly relax fairness, we can efficiently compute a fair solution that is welfare-maximizing, but which may overspend the budget.


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69% 2-way Humidipak Technology
How 2-way humidity control works
2-way humidity control works by continually responding and adjusting to the outside temperature and climate by either adding or removing humidity as needed to maintain a predetermined level of relative humidity (RH) inside of packages and containers. Maintaining an ideal and constant relative humidity means your product won't lose or gain any moisture. Instead, it'll be maintained at its ideal moisture level throughout its intended shelf-life and/or usage-life. Furthermore, it'll never encounter any moisture fluctuations along the way.
Accuracy to (+/-) 1% by responding to temperature & climate changes
The Humidipak is different than all other technologies. Any product or material placed into a container with a Humidipak inside will be kept at the desired humidity level, +/- 1%. If the humidity in the chamber falls below the desired level, water-vapor will pass into the chamber to restore the humidity. Also, if the humidity is greater than the desired level, the Humidipak will absorb enough of the excess moisture to restore the desired humidity.
Patent-protected technology
Humidipak's 2-way humidity control technology has been awarded several broad-based patents, both U.S. and International, in the field of non-electronic control of relative humidity within enclosed containers and packages. The patented technology is referred to as Humidipak.
Natural, safe and environmentally friendly
The foundation of the technology is based on a property well known to physical chemists. It combines the formulation of a saturated solution of a soluble substance designed to maintain a specific level of relative humidity. The product consists of a gelled, saturated solution that is filled into a pouch (or other form) with very high water-vapor transmission permeability but does not allow liquid-water to pass through or leak into the container.
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text:
Grammar Index : 2
Assertive sentences are simple sentences.
They state a fact or thought or an opinion or direction.
- The parrot is a beautiful bird.
- The Sun shines bright.
- They live in Chennai.
- Shivaji was a great king.
- Today is Sunday.
- It is very hot today.
- We have to go to Mexico.
- You are a good player of cricket.
- The Amazon is the longest river.
- Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
- I want to bur a car by this year.
- His father is a Minister.
- You are the best student of Math.
- I have to take home-tutoring to increase my grade in Math.
- She loves you.
The other three kinds of Sentences are :
From Assertive Sentences to HOME PAGE
- Interrogative Sentences
- Imperative Sentences
- Exclamatory Sentences


text:
Attic fans can be electrical or solar powered with various installation options including surface, curb, or gable mount and several methods for controlling operation. They all function under the same principle; accelerate the movement of air through the attic, drawing cool air in so that the hot air can exit reducing or preventing the buildup of heat. Because excess heat can damage your shingles and potentially void their warranty, reducing the heat in your attic can help prevent a serious and costly repair.
Solar Powered Attic Fan
The major advantages of a solar powered attic fan are...
- They operate costand pollution-free. They operate on solar energy alone and don't give off harmful pollutants.
- They don't require an electrician to install. Since they operate on solar energy, you don't need to hook them up to your home's electrical system.
- A homeowner with basic DIY skills can install. They come with instructions that you can follow. A great DIY solar energy project!
- Quiet operation. No harmonic noise from the motor so they can run all day long without a bothersome "hum".
- Efficient operation. Because they cost nothing to run, longer operation means less chance of heat buildup
- You may be eligible for a 30% Federal Tax Credit on the price of a Solar PAV and installation costs. Click here to learn more.
Electric Powered Attic Fan
The major advantages of an electrical powered attic fan are...
- Higher performance. Because they draw more power than their Solar cousins they can deliver much higher CFM (cubic feet per minute of air). Higher CFM means more air is moving through your attic so the heat can be quickly removed.
- They don't depend on sun to run. Your attic can heat up even on an overcast or cloudy day. Electrical powered attic ventilators are not dependent on the sun for their energy so there are no worries about losing or reducing power throughout the day.


text:
Temperatures and Precipitation|
The weather-history for more than 4700 stations worldwide
What was the weather in London on August, 11th 1998. Or in Sydney? Or in Lerwick? You can answer these questions now with the new 'history'-service from WeatherOnline. Simply select a location from the list. Then choose the parameter that you want to have being displayed (e.g. maximum or minimum temperature or precipitation) from the list at the left input field. Please use the other input fields to select the desired time-period (between 4 and 52 weeks) and the year and month you want to start from.
Was it a warm or wet summer? April too cool? Have a look at our monthly summaries!
you would like to see the curve of the daily maximum temperature in London for the time-period between August 1998 and August 1999.
First, select the location 'London' from the list at the right. The location London is represented by the weather station at London-Heathrow. Therefore, strictly speaking, the curve you'll get is the daily maximum temperature at London-Heathrow. As this is the case for many locations the name of the actually reporting weather station will always be shown in graph's title. The maximum temperature, a time period of 4 weeks and the present month and year are set by default. Therefore you only have to change the time-period to 52 weeks and to select the starting month and year. In this case August 1998. Submit your settings with 'Go' and your requested curve will be produced.
|The daily maximum temperatures in London for the time-period between October 2, 2000 and October 30, 2000.|
|The daily minimum temperatures in London for the same time-period.|
|The daily precipitation in London for the same time-period.|


text:
Welcome From The Head of Early And Middle Years, Andrew Crider
Andy Crider first came to Woodstock with his parents in 1979 and graduated from the school in 1993. He has a Bachelor's degree in History, along with Certification in Education (Social Studies), from Messiah College in Pennsylvania, USA.
The Middle Years Programme has about 120 students in Grades 6-8.
During these years, students move from the multidisciplinary classrooms of the Early Years and begin to focus on individual subjects taught by specialist teachers.
We believe that the programme in the Middle Years should addresses all facets of student growth, and in doing so provides the foundations for students to successfully mature into lifelong learners. As such, our approach includes carefully designed learning experiences that extend well beyond the purely academic sphere; to development in our students a profound sense of self, healthy interpersonal relationships, a deep sense of global citizenship, and the skills to survive and thrive in today's world.
Woodstock School is a candidate for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP), which from July 2017 has formed the curriculum for Grades 6-8. The MYP Programme Curriculum covers a wide range of subject areas, from language and literature and mathematics, to design and science. Click here to find out more about the MYP Programme Curriculum, including an overview of each subject and detailed assessment criteria for Years 1-3.
Middle Years is also a key period during which students develop their personal identity. Our Middle Years educators demonstrate a deep commitment to the social and emotional well-being of the young people in their care. Our Head of Middle Years takes the lead in pastoral care, monitoring individual progress and supporting student development. Alongside this students are supported by a group of Advisors – faculty members responsible for groups of eight to twelve students. Apart from regular weekly meetings, Advisor Groups get together socially once or twice a semester in order to help foster positive relationships between students and staff.


text:
Purpose: An alarming number of brain and neck tumors have been reported for operators of interventional radiology. Studies have revealed that interventional radiologists who are occupied with surgical procedures often fail to minimize exposures to the intense invisible X-rays. To improve the occupational radiation safety awareness, more effective training tool is needed to provide interactive and visually stimulating learning environment. The goal of this study is to develop a virtual reality (VR) software training tool to help operators learn to avoid high radiation areas, through game-like interactive simulation and visualization of the spatial distribution of the X-ray field.
Methods: 3D Studio Max and unity3D are used to design and transform models. The radiation field and organ doses to three operator phantoms are simulated using Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP, and a positonand posture-specific organ dose database is generated. Microsoft HoloLens glasses are used to display three-dimensional objects in the IR suite including the operators, X-ray sources and protective equipment. The position and the FOV size of the X-ray source can be adjusted manually according to the actual situation.
Results: The radiation field in the IR suite has been calculated and imported into the virtual reality program. By wearing Microsoft HoloLens glasses, the X-ray flux distribution are shown in different colorsâ€"red represents high radiation area and blue represents low radiation area. Users can â€œseeâ€? the radiation intensity intuitively with different postures and positions.
Conclusion: A preliminary VR-based radiation safety training tool for operators in interventional radiology has been developed and tested using the MS HoloLens system and pre-calculated X-ray field in IR suite. This training tool can be used to assist operators to adjust their postures and positions to minimize exposure to high radiation situations.


kids encyclopedia robot
Kinloch, Missouri facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Kinloch, Missouri
Kinloch Park
Kinloch Park
St. Louis County Missouri Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Kinloch Highlighted.svg
Country United States
State Missouri
County St. Louis
Founded Nov 17th 1890
 - Total 0.73 sq mi (1.89 km2)
 - Land 0.73 sq mi (1.89 km2)
 - Water 0 sq mi (0 km2)
607 ft (185 m)
 - Total 1,000
 - Estimate
 - Density 408.2/sq mi (157.6/km2)
Time zone UTC-6 (Central (CST))
 - Summer (DST) UTC-5 (CDT)
FIPS code 29-38972
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_
Kinloch is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 299 as of the 2010 census.
The current city of Kinloch grew up around Kinloch Park, a commuter suburb first developed in the 1890s.
A Mrs. "B" and her husband are thought to be the first black family to purchase a home in Kinloch Park. As soon as the neighbors discovered the new owners were black they sold their properties, and new sales to permanent white residents of south Kinloch Park ceased. In a few years, more than 30 black families had bought into a six-block area that became called South Kinloch Park.
Kinloch, as an African American community, developed out of a land purchase model similar to the Brooklyn, Illinois model. Since it was not legal to sell directly to blacks, the Olive Street Terrace Realty Corporation sold the parcels to whites for an average price of $150. The new owners then sold the plots to blacks for an average of $350. This allowed the company to use the white people's loans as collateral for further bank notes. To get white investors, the company circulated testimonials of investors who paid in $50 towards a parcel and received returns of $500 to $1000 on the investment. In an advertisement to the Argus, Olive Street Terrace Realty said, "The good colored people of South Kinloch Park have built themselves a little city of which they have a right to be proud. More than a hundred homes, three churches and a splendid public school have been built in a few years."
The Kinloch Park development had a horse-racing facility called Kinloch Track. When Missouri outlawed the sport, the grounds were taken over by Kinloch Airfield, which saw some historic flights. The Aero Club of Saint Louis hosted the first international air meet in October 1910, where Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. Pilot Arch Hoxsey flew the president around for over three minutes in one of the Wright Brothers' six planes they had brought in.
The Kinloch Airfield saw the first control tower, the first meal served on a flight, the first airmail shipped, the first parachute jump, the first aerial photo and the first animal airlifted. Albert Bond Lambert, the first person in the Saint Louis area to receive a pilot's license, and fellow members of the Aero Club leased the field in 1920 and renamed it the Lambert-St. Louis Flying Field in 1923. Two years later, Lambert purchased the field outright; on February 7, 1928, he sold it to the city of Saint Louis at cost, allowing it to become the first city-operated airport and the precursor of today's Lambert-St. Louis International Airport.
Kinloch was home to the 198th chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association UNIA, which fostered black-owned businesses in the area. The chapter chairman was Elijah Woodson.
In 1902, the white residents of Kinloch Park decided to withdraw from the neighboring Ferguson school district and built the Nuroad school for whites. Their two-room school was given to black students, who were using the 1885 Vernon schoolhouse built for the children of the servants to the whites in Kinloch. In 1913, the Dunbar Elementary school, named after Paul Lawrence Dunbar, was established for the black children of South Kinloch. Still segregated when it closed in 1975, it holds the record as the longest-operated school for blacks only.
In 1924, Kinloch became the first community in Missouri to elect a black man to its school board: the Reverend Walter Johnson, who later became a vocal critic of Kinloch's refusal to build a high school for its black students.
In 1925, on Christmas Day, Holy Angels Parish was opened.
Another Vernon School opened in 1927 to educate the black students of Kinloch and west Ferguson. Although the U.S. Supreme Court had ordered desegregation in 1954, the school remained segregated until it closed in 1967. Even though the Kinloch schools remained segregated, the Kinloch students took part in a court-ordered busing program to desegregate other school districts.
In 1931, Holy Angels Parish opened Our Lady of the Angels Elementary School. Both the church and school were open until 2002, making it the oldest continuing black parish in the St. Louis Archdiocese.
In 1938, South Kinloch was poised to elect a second black board member, with a district that was 543 black students to 349 whites. This was when the white north put on the ballot an attempt to split the school district. This third attempt to divide the district by the protesting and minority whites who attended Nuroad School ended in failure, with 415 unanimous votes against in the black south and 215 unanimous votes for in the white north. This led to the foundation of a new municipality called Berkeley, which included all of North Kinloch Park plus land to the northwest and which formed a new school district. South Kinloch Park became Kinloch.
One all-but-forgotten element in Kinloch's success was the electric streetcar line which ran through it to Florissant. Later the line was cut back to just north of Airport Road in Berkeley. At Kinloch, near the beginning of the 1900s, a branch had been constructed to downtown Ferguson, connecting at what was known as various times as Ramona Junction and Ferguson Junction. This clean, economic and efficient transportation gave Kinloch residents the ability to travel with ease to jobs both in the City of St. Louis and the northwestern suburbs. At the Wellston Loop, the line connected with numerous other streetcar and bus lines, giving Kinloch residents a reliable way to get to downtown St. Louis, the suburbs of University City, Clayton, Brentwood, Kirkwood, Webster Groves all the communities along St. Charles Rock Road west to St. Charles, Missouri. Many white people became acquainted with Kinloch as they passed through the area on their streetcar journeys. The substation at the junction of the Berkeley and Ferguson branches still sits on the east side of Hanley Road opposite Suburban Avenue, which had been the streetcar right-of-way into Ferguson. Interestingly, in a heavy segregated culture, black and white rode the streetcars as equals. Anyone could sit wherever anyone wanted and it was not unusual for blacks and whites who otherwise would never have known each other to strike up conversations. In summer streetcar riders always commented on the tantalizing smoky breeze of barbecuing at the Kinloch stop, where the trolleys to Ferguson paused on a graceful, wide curve.
Decline and revitalization efforts
Kinloch, Missouri
Kinloch, Missouri in 2017.
In the 1980s, the City of St. Louis began to buy out property in Kinloch as part of a noise-abatement program for Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Eventually, the airport took the vast majority of private homes in Kinloch. Between 1990 and 2000, Kinloch lost more than 75 percent of its population. The social and economic effects of this buyout were disastrous for the community.
Kinloch became an increasingly violent and dangerous place to live, infested with drugs and crime. The police department faced numerous investigations, and over a 20-year period a number of officers were arrested on corruption charges. In September 2002, St. Louis County police chief Ron Battelle directed his department to take control of law enforcement in Kinloch. The city's population had dwindled to 449, and there was talk of disincorporation, which was renewed in 2011, when Mayor Keith Conway faced federal charges for using city funds to pay for personal expenses, including a vacation home in Florida.
In recent years, there have been efforts to rebuild the city. Faith Beyond Walls, a community service organization, has been instrumental in mobilizing volunteers to assist with these efforts. The county police presence remains, though Kinloch continues to operate its own police department, and city officials say it is nearly ready to stand on its own.
The City of St. Louis, St. Louis County, Kinloch, Berkeley and Ferguson reached agreement on a redevelopment plan for 600 acres (2.4 km2) of land on the northeast corner of I-70 and I-170, along the eastern edge of the airport. Years ago, this land was part of the airport buyout. The redevelopment will offer office,


text:
Leitrim is a county steeped in history. It has suffered massive population decline from the Great Famine of the 1840s until the 1990s. The county's population fell from about 160,000 in 1847 to 25,000 in 1996. Economic growth in Ireland in the last Decade has meant that the Census of 2002 showed an increase in Leitrim's population for the first time in over a century and a half.
Not surprisingly Leitrim is the most unspoilt county in Ireland. It is full of lakes and mountains and rugged scenery. Places where your ancestors struggled to survive until they went to the "promised land" of America, England, Australia etc. They always harboured the dream of returning, but often they never saw their native home again.


Re: More on Argentavis
I find it interesting that in the size range of about
3-10 cm, hovering flight seems to have been far easier
to achieve than in larger or smaller animals.
Dragonflies, hawkmoths, hummingbirds, small passerines
Those are actually the larger animals capable of continuous hovering (much larger species can sustain hovering for short bursts. Pandion is probably the largest hovering-adapted living species). Tiny insects can also hover. However, at very small sizes, staying still in the air column will be very difficult if it has any shear gradient at all (i.e. any gusts whatsoever). In addition, the very smallest insects can stay aloft in the air column without the need for energetic hovering as required in the above listed species.
I'm not sure, but small bats don't seem to do it; may have
something to do with the fact that their wings are
attached to the body over a long distance and don't
have sufficient freedom to move.
A fair number of bats hover; mostly nectar feeders.
But from my totally unscientific observations of
living animals, I get the impression that wing
movement during hovering in dragonflies *looks*
different than in hawkmoths, let alone hummers.
Dragonfly hovering is indeed a bit different, partly due to the use of four active wings versus two (hawkmoths mostly hover with the forewings). Still, the basic similarities are there in terms of momentum changes. Dragonflies do have a tendency to rotate sharply in an almost exactly horizontal plane while hovering, though, which seems to be rare in hummers and hawkmoths.
--Mike H.


Request Customer Contact Information for Use in Your Skill
To use this feature, you query the Alexa Customer Profile API. The Alexa Customer Profile API obtains information from the active default Alexa profile, which might or might not represent who is speaking to Alexa. To ask for consent to access the contact information of the recognized speaker, use the Person Profile API. For details, see Request Recognized Speaker Contact Information for Use in Your Skill.
For details on how to request device address information, see Enhance Your Skill With Address Information. For a sample code demo, see Customer Profile Demo.
Before you begin
 - Your skill must not be a child-directed skill. For details on child-directed skills, see Child-Directed Alexa skills.
Any of the requested information, such as customer name, email address, or phone number, might not be available to your skill when requested. As such, your skill code should handle missing information gracefully.
How to request customer contact information
 1. Configure your skill in the developer console to indicate that the skill requires customer contact information. When the customer enables the skill, the customer is prompted, in the Alexa app, to consent to provide the contact information. If the customer chooses to not grant these permissions when enabling your skill, you may request this information, when needed, during invocation by using a permissions card. Ensure your skill handles the situation gracefully if the customer refuses to grant permission to access this information.
 2. Obtain the apiAccessToken from the LaunchRequest that Alexa sends your skill when a customer invokes the skill. Don't store the apiAccessToken, because it expires. Instead, obtain the apiAccessToken fresh from each subsequent request.
Configure the skill to request customer permissions
 1. Edit your skill in the developer console.
 - Customer Name > Full Name
 - Customer Name > Given Name (the customer's first name)
 - Customer Email Address
 - Customer Phone Number
If you use SMAPI or the Alexa Skills Kit Command Line Interface (ASK CLI) instead of the developer console to manage your skill, edit the skill manifest to request the desired permissions.
Get the API access token
The apiAccessToken is nested in the System object, which is nested in the context object. To see the full body of the request, see Request Format.
 "context": {
 "System": {
 "apiAccessToken": "AxThk...",
 "apiEndpoint": "",
Thus: accessToken = this.event.context.System.apiAccessToken
Authorization: Bearer AxThk...6fnLok
New CardAskForPermissionsConsentCard
Sample response with permissions card
The permissions values can be as shown in the following table:
Full Namealexa::profile:name:read
Given Name (First Name)alexa::profile:given_name:read
Email Addressalexa::profile:email:read
Phone Numberalexa::profile:mobile_number:read
The following is a sample response for a card with a request for name and phone number.
 "version": "1.0",
 "response": {
 "card": {
 "type": "AskForPermissionsConsent",
 "permissions": [
Use Skill Permission Accepted events in your skill
Use Skill Permission Accepted events in your skill so that your skill is notified when the customer has granted permissions to the skill.
Test the API as you develop your skill
To test what happens when a customer has provided permissions to your skill, make sure that you have granted the contact permissions for your skill in the Alexa app. When you open the skill ("Alexa, open skill_name"), Alexa sends a LaunchRequest to your skill. If the customer has granted the permissions, you can obtain the apiAccessToken from the request.
To test what happens when a customer hasn't provided permissions to your skill, make sure you have not granted, or that you have revoked, contact permissions for your skill in the Alexa app. When you open the skill ("Alexa, open skill_name"), Alexa sends a LaunchRequest to your skill. This request contains the apiAccessToken value, but the apiAccessToken doesn't specify the correct permissions. If your skill passes this token to the Alexa Customer Profile API, the API returns a 403 Forbidden response code.
Sample message to prompt customer to grant permissions through permissions card
Fallback message when customer contact information is not available
When your skill requests the customer's contact information, and the customer grants it, this information might still be unavailable, such as if a customer hasn't provided phone number to Amazon. If the requested customer information is unavailable, the API returns a 204 (no content) response.
Sample message if resource_name is unavailable
Suggested best practices when customer contact information is unavailable
As a skill developer, you can determine the appropriate response when the customer hasn't set up contact information.
For a good customer experience, ensure that you consider the skill workflow for all the scenarios in which you fail to get the desired information.
Base URIs and geographic location of the skill
 "version": "1.0",
 "session": {},
 "context": {
 "System": {
 "application": {
 "user": {},
 "apiAccessToken": "AxThk...",
 "apiEndpoint": ""
 "request": {}
The examples in this document use the US endpoint
Get customer contact information
Full Name/v2/accounts/~current/settings/
Email Address/v2/accounts/~current/settings/
Request example
Accept: application/json
Authorization: Bearer MQEWY...6fnLok
Accept: application/json
Authorization: Bearer MQEWY...6fnLok
Request headers
Header Description Type Required
Response example
X-Amzn-RequestId: xxxx-xxx-xxx
Content-Type: application/json
 "countryCode" : "+1",
 "phoneNumber" : "_PHONE_"
The following is a list of return types (all JSON values).
Full Name"string"
Given Name"string"
Email Address"string"
Response headers
Header Description
Content-Type application/json
Possible responses
Response Description
200 OK Successfully retrieved the requested information.
204 No Content The query did not return any results.
401 Unauthorized The authentication token is malformed or invalid.
403 Unauthorized The authentication token doesn't have access to the resource.
500 Internal Error An unexpected error occurred.


text:
A giant sinkhole opened up in a residential area of the town of Schmalkalden, Germany, Monday, causing no injuries but forcing the evacuation of 25 people.
A huge sinkhole appeared overnight in the central German town of Schmalkalden Monday, swallowing a parked car and a garage door but causing no injuries.
The circular hole, which is about 98 feet across and 65 feet deep, appeared at around 3a.m. in a residential area, reports Der Spiegel, forcing the evacuation of 25 people. Experts are pointing to natural causes for the hole, but they have yet to determine the exact cause.
Sinkholes are often caused by the underground erosion of salt beds or soluble sedimentary rocks, such as limestone or dolomite. Groundwater flows through these rocks, creating subterranean caverns that can suddenly collapse.
Officials from Schmalkalden, a town of 20,000 that was formerly part of East Germany say that they plan to fill the hole with gravel.


Administration Console Online Help
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Customize table views
When the data displayed in the Console is tabular listing objects of a particular type, you can customize the table by filtering the data displayed and adding or subtracting columns and rows. You can also sort the data tables by clicking on the column headers.
To customize tabular data:
 1. Navigate to an object table and click Customize this table, located at the top of the table.
 2. To filter the data that appears in a table, under Filter:
 1. Select a column for filtering the data displayed.
 2. Specify filtering criteria (a text string) in the Criteria text box.
 The filtering criteria is specified as a string in the WLDF Query Language. The query language supports Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT, and relational operators. For more information on query syntax, see WLDF Query Language.
 3. To customize the columns and rows displayed, under View:
 1. Add attributes to display by moving them from the list of Available items (on the left) to Chosen (on the right).
 2. Remove attributes displayed by moving them from the list of Chosen items to Available items.
 3. Select the number of rows to display and the maximum number of rows displayed.
 4. Click Apply.
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text:
What is the correct spelling for MEANNT?
This word (Meannt) may be misspelled. Below you can find the suggested words which we believe are the correct spellings for what you were searching for. If you click on the links, you can find more information about these words.
Correct spellings for MEANNT
- manet The higher imaginative qualities of art Manet made no great effort at attaining.
- mann I also saw the worthy Sir Mann, and I promised the Corticelli to fetch her in Lent, and spend some time with her in Bologna.
- manna It was like a miracle, because, though I thought he might come along some time, I wasn't expecting him then, any more than you would expect manna to fall in 1912 just because you happened to be hungry and lost.
- manned This year fifteen boats engaged in this work, each manned by eight men.
- mean You'll find out what i mean Beyond this gate Is the world i create But it must be believed to be seen – It Must Be Believed to Be Seen by Unknown Author
- Mandy Mandy inquired, stretching herself and yawning portentously.
52 words made from the letters MEANNT
4 letter words made from MEANNT:amen, anem, ante, etna, maen, mane, mann, mate, matn, mean, meat, meta, metn, name, neat, tame, team, tean.
5 letter words made from MEANNT:ament, anmen, enman, manen, manet, manne, mante, menna, menta, metan, namen, neamt, neman, netam, tamen, tanen, tanne.
3 letter words made from MEANNT:ane, ant, ate, atm, eat, ent, eta, man, mat, men, nan, net, nne, tam, tan, tea, ten.


text: The objective of this paper is to introduce the constrained discrete-time statedependent Riccati equation (CD-SDRE) technique for decentralized multi-agent systems. First, a D-SDRE for tracking control is derived analytically. Then, the latter is utilized in formulating the distributed D-SDRE control law. The constraint problem of the D-SDRE/distribued D-SDRE is then addressed by recasting it into a model predictive control (MPC) problem. Solution of the latter is then carried out using particle swarm optimization (PSO), which facilitates estimation of the states and control inputs for the D-SDRE control law calculation. The use of decentralized CD-SDRE scheme in a networked system in the presence of constraints is then systematically demonstrated by applying this scheme to reconfiguration problems of spacecraft formation flying under constrained actuation. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and reliability of the proposed CD-SDRE in the decentralized control of the spacecraft formation flying.


text:
To send a mail or a parcel to Cold Bay, Alaska you need to address it correctly. For this purpose, you have to enter the exact details of the sender and recipient. ZIP code is among them. The same information is needed while shopping online. For indicating where to ship the order, customers have to provide their own ZIP codes, which can be checked here – "What is my ZIP Code".
What is the ZIP code of Cold Bay, AK?
There are such ZIP codes in Cold Bay, Aleutians East Borough, Alaska:
To check another postal code, use our ZIP Code Lookup.
Usual ZIP code format is 5 digits that are written without spaces and punctuation marks. 9-digit ZIP codes are called ZIP Plus 4. It helps to identify a geographic segment within the 5-digit delivery area, but it is not necessary for a regular client of the post to know it. Nowadays, the system itself determines the ZIP + 4 by your address.
If you know the 5–digit code but are not sure if it matches your city, use our ZIP code searcher. This tool helps to check which city or state belongs to a particular code.
For usual user it is not necessary to know and remember current ZIP code. You can always find US postal ZIP codes on our website for free.
ZIP Code meaning
As you can see above each ZIP code consists of 5 digits. It is standard format for US postal codes which can help to identify exact location. For example, the first digit shows certain U.S. states group which Cold Bay belongs to. The second and the third digits are the identifiers of a region. By the fourth and the fifth digits the postal services determine a group of delivery addresses within that region. You can read more about ZIP Code structure here – "What is a ZIP code? Structure, examples and meanings"
ZIP Codes structure in USA
What structure US ZIP codes have, see in the example below:
Envelope example with Cold Bay ZIP Code
To understand how it is written when addressing a letter, look at the example for ZIP code. Envelope example is shown below:
City, state and ZIP code
Cold Bay, Alaska, 99571
United States of America
Have you already sent a package or mail, but do not know where it is? Track your shipment online with universal package tracker.
What time is in Cold Bay, AK now?
You can see current time and date of Cold Bay here:
Time Zone in Cold Bay, Alaska
Cold Bay area codes
There might be several area codes in each city or location. It depends on different factors, so we recommend to check the area codes which are used in Cold Bay, AK or any other cities and states by this Area Code Lookup. For more details enter the name of the city to find out what digits the local phone numbers start with.
To see the whole list of area codes which are observed in the United States and the U.S. territories, follow here – All area codes in the USA.


text:
iPhone Lightning Cable Can Hack Your Mac: How it works and how to protect yourself
A Lightning cable conducts around 12 watts of power, which is more than enough to charge your iPhone, iPad, or Mac.
It's also enough to charge a secret transmitter implanted into a fake Lightning cable by hackers.
Meet the O.MG cable, a hacking tool that looks like a usual iPhone charging cable to any unsuspecting victims. The cable is sold freely on the internet for $119.99 and there's no saying how many of them have been purchased by malicious individuals.
Read on to learn what cable hacking is and how to protect yourself from it.
Pro tip: To protect your Mac from hacking, use Clario. The app offers a powerful antivirus and 24/7 data breach monitoring, providing you with instant alerts about the hacking of your accounts and leaked data. Here's how to secure your Mac with Clario:
- Install Clario.
- Run a system scan for malware.
- Set up real-time protection.
Secure your data and privacy right now with Clario's free 7-day trial! No strings attached.
What is the O.MG Lightning cable?
The O.MG Lightning to USB-A cable is a hacking tool almost indistinguishable from the standard cable certified by Apple. Just like real cables, the Lightning-USB hacking device supports power and data transfer. However, unlike legit cables, it can be used for remote access to a victim's device.
In 2019, the O.MG cable was created by a security researcher operating under the alias MG. After presenting the cable at a hacker conference, DEFCON 2019, the researcher started mass manufacturing the cable. These days, multiple versions of the cable are sold online, including Lightning to USB-A and USB-C to USB-A.
In 2021, the security researcher developed the O.MG Keylogger cable. As the name suggests, the cable functions as a covert keylogger hacking instrument. By replacing a detachable keyboard's cable with the O.MG Keylogger, cybercriminals can collect a whopping 650,000 keystrokes to steal login details and other sensitive data.
How does the O.MG Lightning cable work?
The O.MG Lightning cable consists of two connectors and a set of wires covered by insulation, allowing it to operate as a legit cable. However, one of the cable's connectors conceals a memory chip and an 802.11 Wi-Fi transmitter. The transmitter is, essentially, no different from those in your iPhone and other Wi-Fi-enabled devices.
Once connected to an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, the Hak5 O.MG cable creates a Wi-Fi hotspot. This allows a hacker to remotely access the device and use it as if they were holding it in their hands. For example, the hacker can run Terminal commands on your Mac or rummage through photos on your iPhone. The cable used for the iPhone charger hack also packs geofencing features, allowing cybercriminals to trigger the delivery of a virus payload based on a victim's location.
The Keylogger version of the USB hacking cable can log keystrokes from the hacked device and send them to the hacker located up to a mile away.
How to protect yourself from a cable hacker?
You should take the following steps to ensure that a cable hacker cannot access your passwords or other sensitive data.
Carefully examine your cable
Cables certified by Apple come with the MFi badge on their packaging. The legit cables themselves bear a 12-digit serial number and the following text: Designed by Apple in California Assembled in Country.
Carefully examine your cable's connectors. If you spot an uneven metallic finish, rough edges or varying insulator width, then you are probably dealing with either a counterfeit cable or O.MG cable.
Check for signs of hacking
Look out for these signs of hacking on your Mac:
1. Sudden spikes in the network activity, which can be tracked via Activity Monitor
2. Check for suspicious users in System Preferences > Sharing
3. Hijacked email or social media accounts
4. Unsolicited software installs
5. Terminal opens randomly
6. Unexpected pop-ups requesting your login details
How to protect your Mac from cable hacking
An O.MG cable is designed to look almost indistinguishable from a real cable. Given how difficult it is to determine a hacking cable by just looking at it, make sure your Mac is protected with an anti-malware solution like Clario.
Clario is a lightweight app with a 24/7 data breach monitoring tool and a powerful antivirus to keep your Mac safe from malware whether it's delivered to your computer via O.MG cable or any other way.
Here's how to use Clario to protect your Mac:
1. Install a Clario free trial and create an account
2. Run a quick malware scan
3. Set up real-time protection
4. Activate Data breach monitor
5. Add emails you want to monitor for breaches
That's it, you're all set!
With hacking cables sold freely on the internet, you have to constantly be on the lookout for a data breach. Or you can simply protect your devices with reliable cybersecurity software and leave hackers empty-handed. Stay safe!


Resources, Articles, Tricks, and Solutions in connection to Web Development
Using WebMatrix – Create and publish websites with ease
This article covers WebMatrix which is a simple and free development tool to create, customize, publish and maintain websites with ease. WebMatrix is basically a free, lightweight, cloud-connected web development tool that enables you to create, publish and maintain your websites with ease. You can use it to create HTML5/CSS3 compliant websites, with LESS and Sass support, and code completion for JavaScript and jQuery.
Also, You can develop using, PHP and Node.js with context sensitive code completion.
WebMatrix lets you work seemlessly with various databases, viz. SQL CE, Sql Server and MySQL. Creation of databases and modification of schema and data are as simple as it gets.
Also, WebMatrix provides a straightforward path to migrate databases, for example, migrating a SQL CE database to a SQL Server database.
Publishing these databases is also handled for you by the product so long as you use a WebDeploy publish profile to publish your website.
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Website statistics using Google Analytics - How it works
This article covers the features to find Website statistics using Google Analytics. Basically, Google Analytics is a powerful web tracking software that tracks a website's web metrics. Google Analytics is used to track website activity such as session duration, pages per session, bounce rate etc. of individuals using the site, along with the information on the source of the traffic.
Google's official recommendation for adding the Google Analytic tracking code is place the tracking code in the HEADER SECTION ( ) of the website.
To see my website traffic using Google Analytics:
Google Analytics tool gives lots of useful website data such as:
1. Number of visitors per month or per day, percentage of new users, bounce rate and length of visitor sessions.
2. You can check your website's SEO now.
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2. Find your tracking code snippet.
3. Copy the snippet.
4. Paste your snippet (unaltered, in its entirety) into every web page that you want to track.
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A detailed comparison (WordPress vs Joomla):
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In summary, in order to stay at the top, it is vital to respond to the demands and trends of your consumers. This is made easy and possible through Outsourcing. Today, we saw how _TAG_ Improves _TAG_ _TAG_.
Outsourcing has the potential to improve your business' efficiency, reduce the time to market of your application, and result in significant cost-savings, but only if it is done correctly. There are significant risks involved in outsourcing development as well.
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2. Lower costs.
3. Promote growth.
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5. Offer staffing flexibility.
6. Provide continuity and risk management.
7. Develop internal staff.
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To optimize images for the web:
1. Name your images descriptively and in plain language.
2. Optimize your alt attributes carefully.
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5. Choose the right file type.
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7. Use image sitemaps.
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MicroKernel Router Status Codes
This section lists the status codes you can receive from the MicroKernel router, which receives requests from the Btrieve requesters and routes them to the correct version of the MicroKernel.
3000: The MicroKernel router encountered a memory allocation error
The MicroKernel router could not internally allocate memory. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3001: Local access is unavailable to the MicroKernel router
A call to the MicroKernel failed. This is most likely the result of an incorrect configuration. For example, if the MicroKernel is unavailable because of configuration settings and the file to be opened is local, then the MicroKernel router returns this status code.
3002: The MicroKernel router resource DLL is unavailable
The MicroKernel resource DLL is either missing or incompatible with the current version of the router. If this happens, the MicroKernel reverts to its default settings and continues to run. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3003: The MicroKernel router detected an incompatible network component
The networking services component is not compatible with this version of the MicroKernel router. The most likely cause is that the Networking services DLL has been replaced by an older version. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3004: The MicroKernel is not responding to the MicroKernel router
The MicroKernel is not responding to requests from the MicroKernel router. Verify that the MicroKernel is running.
3005: The MicroKernel router encountered an operating system error
The MicroKernel router encountered an unexpected error from the operating system, such as a shared memory failure. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3006: The MicroKernel router detected an invalid session
The session information contained in a position block is invalid. This status code occurs for one of the following reasons:
- The application is trying to use a position block for a file that resides on an engine and for which the connection has been previously terminated via a B_STOP (25) or B_RESET (28) operation.
- The application is trying to use a position block for a file that resides on a remote server and that encountered an abnormal network error on a previous operation.
- When using only the NetBIOS protocol with a remote Workgroup engine, the client is sending more bytes than can fit into the engine's network read buffer. Go the machine where the remote Workgroup engine is installed, and try increasing the value of the configuration parameter, Server4Communication Buffer Size4Read Buffer Size.
3008: Invalid configuration for MicroKernel router
This status code results from an invalid configuration. For example, if both client configuration options, Access4Use Local MicroKernel Engine and Access4Use Remote MicroKernel Engine are set to Off, the router has no valid path to take. If this situation occurs, set at least one of these options to On, depending on whether you are using a local engine, a remote Server engine, or both.
3009: NETinterface.DLL is not loaded
The MicroKernel router could not find NETAPI.DLL.
3012: Local engine is not accessible to the MicroKernel router
Access to the local engine is not possible because it is not loaded or could not be launched. You can receive this status code if you try to access a local file on a client and you do not have a Workgroup engine installed or if you try to access a local file on a server and the Server engine is not running.
If you have only a server engine installed and your Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) contains Status Code 3012 warning entries, perform the following steps:
To Turn Off Local Engine support (for clients and workstations only):
- Start Pervasive PSQL Control Center (see "Starting PCC on Windows" on page 3-3 in Pervasive PSQL User's Guide).
- Expand Local Client. Right-click MicroKernel Router and select Properties. Login if prompted.
- Click Access.
- In the right hand frame, change the value of Use Local MicroKernel Engine to Off.
- In the right-hand frame, change the value of Use Remote MicroKernel Engine to On. Click OK.
- Restart the engines for the new settings to take effect.
3013: The remote engine is inaccessible to the MicroKernel router because the networking component is not loaded
Access to the remote engine is not possible because the MicroKernel router could not initialize the networking component. Possible causes include:
- The client configuration option, Access4Use Remote MicroKernel Engine, is incorrectly set to Off. Set it to On to access a remote Server engine.
- The required networking component could not be found or is not compatible.
3014: The MicroKernel router cannot find an engine
The MicroKernel router could not complete the operation because it did not find an engine (local or remote) that could process the operation. Possible causes include:
- The target network operating system is not available.
- The target engine is not available.
- In a Windows 3.x environment, you are using a shared drive name that contains a space. To resolve the condition, remove the space from the shared drive name. For example, if you connect to a server named "D Drive", change the share name to "D_Drive".
3015: The MicroKernel router encountered an initialization error
An unexpected error occurred during the initialization of the MicroKernel router. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3016: The MicroKernel router encountered an internal error
The MicroKernel router encountered an internal error. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3017: Data buffer of the local engine is too small
The requester has more data to send the MicroKernel than the MicroKernel buffers can handle. This status code is only relevant to an engine running locally and does not apply to client/server environments. Some possible solutions include:
- Specify higher values for Communications Buffer Size (see "Configuration Reference" on page 4-1 in Advanced Operations Guide.
- Use smaller buffers in your operations.
3018: The file is already closed
The MicroKernel router is shut down and is not accepting any more requests.
3019: The MicroKernel router encountered a semaphore error
A semaphore error occurred while trying to establish contact with the local engine. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3020: An error occurred while loading the MicroKernel
You receive this status code when an error occurs while loading the MicroKernel or when access to the server and client machine shared memory objects are unavailable. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3021: The MicroKernel router received a badly formatted data packet
The MicroKernel router rejected the response from the engine because it was badly formatted.Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3022: The MicroKernel router could not send the request to the remote engine because the specified data buffer length resulted in a data packet object that is too large
A request to the MicroKernel router specified a data buffer length that resulted in a data packet size greater than 64 KB, which is the maximum. This can occur even if the data buffer length for the request is smaller than 64 KB because the MicroKernel router adds some packet overhead as it forms the data packet. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3030: Remote access not allowed
This code is returned if the path is remote, the client configuration setting for Use Local MicroKernel Engine has been set to Off, and either:
- the key number on the open request indicates 'local only'; OR
- the configuration setting for Use Remote MicroKernel Engine is set to Off.
3031: Linux requester cannot connect to this server
This code is returned if a Pervasive PSQL Linux requester attempts to connect to a Pervasive.SQL 2000 server that has Service Pack 2a or earlier, or a Pervasive.SQL V8 server without Service Pack 1.
- To use the Linux requester to connect to a Pervasive.SQL 2000 server, you must have a special update that is available at _URL_
- To use the Linux requester to connect to a Pervasive.SQL V8 server, you must have Service Pack 1 or higher which is available for download at _URL_
3032: Failed to initialize shared memory to local engine
This status code results if a second user attempts to access another user's database engine through the transactional interface. The application is unable to connect to the local engine. Possibly a database engine has been started by another user on the machine in a non-elevated mode. If so, other users will not be able to connect to that engine.
One situation in which this status code may result is if a user starts the Workgroup Engine or Cache Engine in a Terminal Services session or by switching users through fast-user switching. Other users on the system cannot access that engine nor can they start their own copy of the engine. To allow multiple users access to a Workgroup Engine or Cache Engine in a Terminal Services session or through fast-user switching, start that engine as a service instead of as an executable.
The Btrieve Status Code Listing, incorporated in this Documentation, has been provided with the written permission of Pervasive Software Inc.


Definitions for BÄNKbæŋk
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word BÄNK
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
 1. a long pile or heap; mass:
 a bank of earth; a bank of clouds.
 2. a slope or acclivity.
 3. the slope immediately bordering a stream course along which the water normally runs.
 Category: Geography (terms)
 Category: Oceanography
 5. Category: Civil Engineering, Railroads
 Ref: Also called cant. 1 2 6
 6. the lateral inclination of an aircraft, esp. during a turn.
 Category: Aeronautics
 7. the cushion of a billiard table.
 Category: Games
 8. (v.t.)to border with or like a bank; embank:
 banking the flooded river with sandbags.
 9. to form into a bank or heap:
 to bank snow along a path.
 10. to build (a road or track) with an upward slope from the inner edge to the outer edge at a curve.
 Category: Civil Engineering, Railroads
 11. to tip or incline (an airplane) laterally.
 Category: Aeronautics
 12. (in billiards or pool) to drive (a ball) to the cushion. to pocket (the object ball) by driving it against the bank.
 Category: Games
 14. (v.i.)to build up in or form banks, as clouds or snow.
 Category: Meteorology
 15. (of an airplane) to tip or incline laterally.
 Category: Aeronautics
 16. (of a road or track) to slope upward from the inner edge to the outer edge at a curve.
 Category: Civil Engineering, Railroads
Origin of bank:
1150–1200; ME banke, OE hōbanca couch, c. ON bakki elevation, hill < Gmc *bank-ōn-; cf. bank3, bench
 1. an institution for receiving, lending, and safeguarding money and transacting other financial business.
 Category: Business
 2. the stock of pieces drawn upon by players in the course of a game, as dominoes.
 Category: Games
 3. the person or office in a gambling house that holds and distributes cash.
 Category: Games
 4. a storage place:
 blood bank; sperm bank.
 5. a store or reserve.
 6. (v.i.)to keep money in or have an account with a bank.
 Category: Business
 7. (v.t.)to deposit in a bank.
 Category: Business
 8. bank on, to count on; depend on.
 Category: Verb Phrase
Origin of bank:
1425–75; late ME < MF banque < It banca table, counter, moneychanger's table < Gmc; cf. OHG bankbench
 a bank of lights.
 2. a bench for rowers in a galley.
 3. the group of rowers occupying one bench or rowing one oar.
 Category: Sport
 4. a number of similar devices connected to act together:
 a bank of transformers.
 Category: Electricity and Magnetism
 5. (v.t.)to arrange in a bank.
Origin of bank:
1200–50; ME bank(e) < OF banc bench < Gmc; see bank1
Princeton's WordNet
 1. bank(noun)
 sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)
 3. bank(noun)
 a long ridge or pile
 "a huge bank of earth"
 4. bank(noun)
 an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers
 "he operated a bank of switches"
 5. bank(noun)
 6. bank(noun)
 "he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo"
 7. bank, cant, camber(noun)
 "the coin bank was empty"
 9. bank, bank building(noun)
 a building in which the business of banking transacted
 "the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon"
 10. bank(verb)
 "the plane went into a steep bank"
 11. bank(verb)
 tip laterally
 "the pilot had to bank the aircraft"
 12. bank(verb)
 enclose with a bank
 "bank roads"
 13. bank(verb)
 do business with a bank or keep an account at a bank
 "Where do you bank in this town?"
 14. bank(verb)
 act as the banker in a game or in gambling
 15. bank(verb)
 be in the banking business
 16. deposit, bank(verb)
 put into a bank account
 "She deposits her paycheck every month"
 17. bank(verb)
 cover with ashes so to control the rate of burning
 "bank a fire"
 18. trust, swear, rely, bank(verb)
 have confidence or faith in
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. bank(noun)ˈæŋk
 a financial organization that lends and keeps money
 He works for a bank.
 2. bankˈæŋk
 the land at the side of a river
 people walking along the river bank
 3. bankˈæŋk
 a long mass or row of similar things
 a snow bank; a bank of computer screens
 4. bankˈæŋk
 a storage place
 a blood/sperm bank
 5. bank(verb)ˈæŋk
 to keep money at a particular bank
 I've banked here for years.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Bank(noun)
 2. Bank(noun)
 3. Bank(noun)
 4. Bank(noun)
 5. Bank(noun)
 6. Bank(noun)
 the face of the coal at which miners are working
 7. Bank(noun)
 8. Bank(noun)
 9. Bank(verb)
 10. Bank(verb)
 to heap or pile up; as, to bank sand
 11. Bank(verb)
 to pass by the banks of
 12. Bank(noun)
 13. Bank(noun)
 the bench or seat upon which the judges sit
 14. Bank(noun)
 15. Bank(noun)
 a sort of table used by printers
 16. Bank(noun)
 17. Bank(noun)
 18. Bank(noun)
 the building or office used for banking purposes
 19. Bank(noun)
 20. Bank(noun)
 21. Bank(noun)
 22. Bank(verb)
 to deposit in a bank
 23. Bank(verb)
 24. Bank(verb)
 1. Bank
British National Corpus
 1. Spoken Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'BÄNK' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #557
 2. Written Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'BÄNK' in Written Corpus Frequency: #926
 3. Nouns Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'BÄNK' in Nouns Frequency: #135
Translations for BÄNK
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
a mound or ridge (of earth etc)
The child climbed the bank to pick flowers.
Get even more translations for BÄNK »
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text:
In Jena, Graph is an interface. It abstracts anything that looks like RDF - storage options, inference, other legacy data sources.
The main operations are
addition, there are a number of getters to access handlers of various features
(query, statistics, reification, bulk update, event manager).
Having handlers, rather than directly including all the operations for each
feature reduces the size of the interface and makes it easier to provide default
implementations of each feature.
Implementing a graph rarely needs to directly implement the interface.
More usually, an implementation starts by inheriting from the class GraphBase.
A minimal (read-only) implementation just needs to implement
Wrapping legacy data often only makes sense as a read-only graph. To provide update operations, just implement the methods
which are the methods called from the base implementations of
Then for testing with JUnit, inherit
from AbstractGraphTest (override tests that don't make sense in a particular circumstance)
and provide the
getGraph operation to generate a graph instance to test.
Where the graph level is minimal and symmetric (e.g. literal as subjects, inclusion of named variables) for easy implementation, the RDF API enforces the RDF conditions and provides a wide variety of convenience operations so writing a program can be succinct, not requiring the application writer to write unnecessary boilerplate code sequences. The ontology API does the same for OWL. If you look at the javadoc, you'll see the APIs are large but the system level interface is small.
A graph is turned into a Model by calling
ModelFactory.createModelForGraph(Graph). All the key application APIs
are interface-based although it's rarely needed to do anything other that use the
standard Model-Graph bridge.
Data access to the graph all goes via find. All the read operations of application APIs, directly or indirectly, come down to calling Graph.find or a graph query handler. And the default graph query handler works by calling Graph.find, so once find is implemented everything (read-only) works. ARQ's query API, which includes a SPARQL implementation, included. It may not be the most efficient way but importantly all functionality is available and so the graph implementer can quickly get a first implementation up and running, then decide where and when to spend further development time - or whether that's needed at all.
An example of this is a prototype Jena-Mulgara bridge (work in progress as of Jan'08). This maps the Graph API to a Mulgara session object, which can be a local Mulgara database or a remote Mulgara server. The prototype is a single class together with a set of factory operations for more convenient creation of a bridge graph wrapped in all Jena's APIs.
Implementing graph nodes, for IRIs and for literals is straight forward. Mulgara uses JRDF to represent these nodes and to represent triples. Mapping to and from Jena versions of the same is just the change in naming.
Blank nodes are more interesting. A blank node in Jena has an internal label (which is not a URI in disguise). When working at the lowest level of Graph, the code is manipulating things at a concrete, syntactic level.
A blank node in Mulgara has an internal id but it can change. It really is the internal node index as I found out by creating a blank node with id=1 and found it turned into rdf:type which was what was really at node slot 1. Paul has been (patiently!) explaining this to me on a Mulgara mailing list. The session interface is an interface onto the RDF data, not an interface to extend the graph details to the client. Both approaches are valid - it's just different levels of abstraction.
If the Jena application is careful about blank nodes (not assuming they are stable across transactions, and not deleting all triples involving some blank node, then creating triples involving that blank node) then it all works out. The most important case of reading data within a transaction is safe. Bulk loading is better down via the native Mulgara interfaces anyway. The Jena-Mulgara bridge enables a Jena application to access a Mulgara server through the same interfaces as any other RDF data.


text:
Annual Report 2013
The state of the world's human rights
16 June 2010
Amnesty International has urged other countries to follow Ecuador's example and ratify a new UN mechanism that will provide access to justice for everyone whose economic, social and cultural rights are violated and who is denied an effective remedy in their own countries.
Ecuador is the first country in the world to ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights which allows individuals and groups within the country to seek justice from the United Nations should these rights – which include the rights to adequate housing, food, water, health, work, social security and education - be violated by their government.
"Access to justice is an essential right for victims of all human rights violations," said Widney Brown, Amnesty International's Senior Director of International Law and Policy. "We encourage all countries to follow Ecuador's positive example and ratify within the shortest possible time."
The Optional Protocol will enable people denied their human rights to have their complaints heard in front of an independent, international panel of experts. The decisions made by this new mechanism are likely to influence decisions of national and regional courts around the world.
"States that ratify the Optional Protocol will establish a vital tool for people, in particular for those living in poverty, to hold their governments accountable," said Widney Brown. "They should also follow through on this commitment by strengthening national mechanisms for the enforcement of economic, social and cultural rights."
The Optional Protocol was adopted by the UN General Assembly by consensus on December 10 2008 and was opened for ratification in September 2009. The complaint mechanism will become operational after 10 countries ratify the Optional Protocol.
In addition to Ecuador, 31 countries have signed the Optional Protocol, indicating their intention to ratify but ratification is necessary to make the Optional Protocol legally binding. To-date Ecuador is the only country to have ratified the protocol.
Amnesty International is a member of the NGO Coalition for an Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and has been campaigning for the last six years for an Optional Protocol.
The 32 States that have signed the Optional Protocol include: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Italy, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Paraguay, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Timor-Leste, Togo, Ukraine and Uruguay.
Economic, social and cultural rights have historically been neglected and given less emphasis than civil and political rights. States agreed at the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights that 'The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis'. The Optional Protocol is a tangible development towards this end.
Support for the Optional Protocol is part of Amnesty International's Demand Dignity campaign which aims to end the human rights violations that drive and deepen global poverty. The campaign will mobilise people all over the world to demand that governments, corporations and others who have power listen to the voices of those living in poverty and recognise and protect their rights. For more information vist the Demand Dignity website


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Combining Unlike Integer Types
If you combine different integer types in a matrix (e.g., signed with unsigned, or 8-bit integers with 16-bit integers), MATLAB® returns a matrix in which all elements are of one common type. MATLAB sets all elements of the resulting matrix to the data type of the left-most element in the input matrix. For example, the result of the following concatenation is a vector of three 16-bit signed integers:
MATLAB also displays a warning to inform you that the result may not be what you had expected:
A = [int16(450) uint8(250) int32(_PHONE_)];
Warning: Concatenation with dominant (left-most) integer class
may overflow other operands on conversion to return class.
You can disable this warning by entering the following two commands directly after the operation that caused the warning. The first command retrieves the message identifier associated with the most recent warning issued by MATLAB. The second command uses this identifier to disable any further warnings of that type from being issued:
[msg, intcat_msgid] = lastwarn;
warning('off', intcat_msgid);
To re-enable the warning so that it will now be displayed, use
warning('on', intcat_msgid);
You can use these commands to disable or enable the display of any MATLAB warning.
Example of Combining Unlike Integer Sizes
After disabling the integer concatenation warnings as shown above, concatenate the following two numbers once, and then switch their order. The return value depends on the order in which the integers are concatenated. The left-most type determines the data type for all elements in the vector:
A = [int16(5000) int8(50)]
A =
 5000 50
B = [int8(50) int16(5000)]
B =
 50 127
The same rules apply to vertical concatenation:
C =
Example of Combining Signed with Unsigned
Now do the same exercise with signed and unsigned integers. Again, the left-most element determines the data type for all elements in the resulting matrix:
A =
 -100 100
B =
 100 0
A =
 50 0
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