text:
Jump to Main Content
Thermally-treated strawberry extrudate: A rich source of antioxidant phenols and sugars
- Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Guillermo, Cardoso, Juan Cubero, Rubio-Senent, Fátima, Serrano, Antonio, Borja, Rafael, Fernández-Bolaños, Juan, Fermoso, Fernando G.
- Innovative food science & emerging technologies 2019 v.51 pp. 186-193
- agricultural wastes, antioxidant activity, antioxidants, bioactive compounds, food waste, heat treatment, landfills, liquids, phenols, solubilization, strawberries, sugars
- Strawberries have antioxidant, cardiovascular, and antiproliferative properties. The agroindustrial production of strawberry concentrate generates a food waste after extrudation that is usually landfilled. This strawberry extrudate is a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as phenols and sugars. In the present study, industrial thermal treatments currently in use for the valorization of other agricultural wastes were determined to be suitable for the treatment of strawberry extrudate. Thermal treatment conditions in the range of 90 °C to 200 °C were studied. Thermal treatment at 150 °C for 60 min without acid addition was the most efficient process based on the solubilization of sugars and phenols as well as the antioxidant capacity of the liquid phase produced. Instead of sending this residual fraction to landfill, such treatment would permit the use of strawberry extrudate as a source for the recovery of valuable bioactive compounds.


If you notice that the more money you have, the less money your brother has, you've discovered an inverse relationship: when your bank account increases, his decreases.
The word inverse traces back to the Latin inversus, from the past participle of invertere, meaning "turn upside down" or "turn about." It's a good word to use when you need to describe one of those topsy-turvy relationships in which when one thing goes up, the other goes down. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean "opposite." You've probably heard someone begin a sentence by saying, "And the inverse was true for so and so..." That just means the opposite was true.
Definitions of inverse
 1. adjective
 reversed (turned backward) in order or nature or effect
 synonyms: reverse
 directed or facing toward the back or rear
 2. adjective
 opposite in nature or effect or relation to another quantity
 of or relating to the multiplicative inverse of a quantity or function
 see moresee less
 similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity
 3. noun
 something inverted in sequence or character or effect
 "when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse
 synonyms: opposite
 see moresee less
 additive inverse
 multiplicative inverse, reciprocal
 type of:
 oppositeness, opposition
 the relation between opposed entities
Word Family


Take the 2-minute tour ×
i've a problem doing a full text search in lucene.net where the search result contains special lucene characters.
I've a field named "content" in my Lucene documents. This field is created as followed and contains the content of the indexed documents:
document.Add(new Field("content", fulltext, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
For creating the index i'm using the Standardanalyzer.
For querying the index i'm using the following code:
var queryParser = new QueryParser(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_29, "content", analayzer);
Query fullTextQuery = queryParser.Parse(queryString);
The query is then added to a BooleanQuery which is used to get the results from a IndexSearcher. I think the rest of the code is not that important, because the code works like it should for 99% of the queries. I'm also using the StandardAnalyzer for querying the index.
Now here is the problem. Sometimes the "content" field of a document contains text that is separated using "-"
some text some text selector-lever some text some text
Now when i'm doing a full text search (exact phrase) using "selector lever". The query looks like this:
content:"selector lever"
The problem here is that also the document containing the above text is found, although it shouldn't be found because the 2 words are separated using the "-" and not blank.
I think it has something to do with the analyzer and the fact that "-" is a special character in lucene.
Maybe someone can help me solving this problem.
thanks in advance Martin
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
You are right in thinking that the problem is the analyzer that you are using at index time.
From the Lucene javadocs:
A grammar-based tokenizer constructed with JFlex
This should be a good tokenizer for most European-language documents:
 - Splits words at punctuation characters, removing punctuation. However, a dot that's not followed by whitespace is considered part of a token.
 - Splits words at hyphens, unless there's a number in the token, in which case the whole token is interpreted as a product number and is not split.
 - Recognizes email addresses and internet hostnames as one token.
Many applications have specific tokenizer needs. If this tokenizer does not suit your application, please consider copying this source code directory to your project and maintaining your own grammar-based tokenizer.
Therefore, in your case you would need to index your documents with a more strict Analyzer like the WhitespaceAnalyzer which only splits on whitespace.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Documentation Center
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Manipulate Entity Attributes
Access Entity Attributes
The table describes some ways that you can use data that you have attached to an entity.
Use Attribute Values To...Technique
Create a signal
Use the Get Attribute block.
For example, see the subsystem of the model described in Lesson 3: Add Event-Based Behavior.
Create a plot
Use the Attribute Scope block and name the attribute in the Y attribute name parameter of the block.
Alternatively, use the X-Y Attribute Scope block and name two attributes in the X attribute name and Y attribute name parameters of the block.
For example, see the reference page for the X-Y Attribute Scope block.
Compute a different attribute value
Use the Attribute Function block.
For example, see Unique and Accessible Attribute Names in Composite Entity.
Help specify behavior of a block that supports the use of attribute values for block parameters. Examples are the service time for a server and the selected port for an output switch.
Name the attribute in the block dialog box as applicable.
For example, see Use an Attribute to Select an Output Port.
 Tip Suppose that your entity possesses an attribute with one of these quantities:
 - Service time to be used by a downstream server block
 - Switching criterion to be used by a downstream switch block
 When an entity with one of these attribute quantities arrives at a server or switch block, you can directly reference the attribute using an option on the server or switch block dialog box. This approach is better than creating a signal with the attribute value and ensuring that the signal is up-to-date when the entity arrives. For a comparison of the two approaches, see Use a Signal or an Attribute.
Options for Manipulating Attributes
The table compares options for manipulating attributes of entities.
Use the Get Attribute, Set Attribute, and Single Server blocks to structure the computation correctly. Use blocks inside the subsystem to perform the specific computation.
 - Computation can use signal data that is not in an attribute.
Use Block Diagrams to Manipulate Attributes
Write a function that uses MATLAB® code to modify an attribute or define a new attribute. Use the Attribute Function block to invoke your function for each entity that arrives at the block.
 - Setup requires only one block.
 - Many computations are simpler to express in code than in blocks.
Write Functions to Manipulate Attributes
Use Block Diagrams to Manipulate Attributes
To manipulate attributes using blocks to perform the computation, use an arrangement as in the following figure.
Top-Level Model
Subsystem Contents
In your own model, you can vary:
 - The number of outputs of the Get Attribute block
 - The number of inputs of the Set Attribute block
 - The connections or contents of the subsystem, where all input signals of the subsystem are event-based signals
The key components are in the table.
Get AttributeQueries the entity for its attribute value.
Atomic SubsystemEnsures that the computation executes as an atomic unit. To learn more, see Perform Computations in Atomic Subsystems.
Content of Atomic Subsystem
Models your specific computation.
The earlier figure shows one example: 5|Attr+x|, where Attr is an attribute value and x is a time-based signal converted into an event-based signal. The subsystem executes if and only if Attr has a sample time hit.
Single Server with Service time set to 0Ensures that the Set Attribute block uses the up-to-date results of the computation. For details, see Interleaving of Block Operations.
Set AttributeAssigns new value to the attribute.
Write Functions to Manipulate Attributes
To manipulate attributes using code, use the Attribute Function block. The block lets you access existing attributes of the arriving entity, modify the values of existing attributes, or create new attributes.
For examples that use the Attribute Function block, see
Procedure for Using the Attribute Function Block
The Attribute Function block has one entity input port and one entity output port. The block manipulates attributes of each arriving entity. See Attribute Value Support for the characteristics of attribute values. To edit the computation, use this procedure:
 1. Display the block's associated function in an editor window by double-clicking the Attribute Function block.
 2. Write the first line of the function using arguments that reflect the attributes that the function manipulates. The arguments do not reflect input or output signals.
 Argument-Naming Rules
 - Input argument names must match the entity's attribute names.
 - Output argument names must be out_ followed by the names of attributes to assign to the departing entity.
 The entity must possess any attributes named as input arguments of the function. If the entity does not possess an attribute named using an output argument of the function, then the block creates the attribute.
 The default function definition, below, indicates that the function called fcn uses the value of the attribute called Attribute1 to compute values of the attributes called Attribute1 and Attribute2.
 function [out_Attribute1, out_Attribute2] = fcn(Attribute1)
 3. Write the function to implement your specific computation. The value of each attribute can be a realor complex-valued array of any fixed dimension and double data type, but cannot be a structure. For each attribute, the dimensions and complexity must be consistent throughout the model. Also, the function must use only those MATLAB functions and operators that are suitable for code generation. For more information, see MATLAB Language Features Supported for C/C++ Code Generation in the Simulink® documentation.
 Note: If you try to update the diagram or run the simulation for a model that contains the Attribute Function block, then you must have write access to the current folder because the software creates files there.
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Seriously? You care enough about temporal accuracy buy an atomic clock but you don't know how to build one? We won't tell.Thankfully DIY Physics has a great tutorial on how to build your own with parts from eBay.
The core of the makeshift atomic clock is an Efratom Model M-100 Rubidium Frequency Standard oscillator originally designed for use in military communications and navigation. They can now apparently be found online in the $150 to $200 price range, and rely on the radioactive element Rubidium 87 to provide a constant stable 10 MHz signal.
But turning it into the source signal for an atomic clock takes a little more know-how than building the Radio Shack electronics kits of yesteryear. Keeping it at the perfect temperature is critical for an accurate signal, and you'll need to supply 25 volts of DC power to fire it up.
So it's not quite an after school activity, but if you're a technically-inclined helicopter pilot parent who likes to help—aka do everything—with your kids schoolwork, this is an A+ science fair project waiting to happen. [DIYPhysics via Make]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The importance of timescales for the emergence of environmental self-regulation
Models which explore the possibilities of emergent self-regulation in the Earth system often assume the timescales associated with changes in various sub-systems to be predetermined. Given their importance in guiding the fixed point dynamics of such models, relatively little formalism has been established. We analyse a classic model of environmental self-regulation, Daisyworld, and interpret the original equations for model temperature, changes in insolation, and self-organisation of the biota as an important separation of timescales. This allows a simple analytical solution where the model is reduced to two states while retaining important characteristics of the original model. We explore the consequences of relaxing some key assumptions. We show that increasing the rate of change of insolation relative to adaptation of the biota shows a sharp transition between regulating, and lifeless states. Additionally, in slowing the rate of model temperature change relative to the adapting biota we derive expressions for the damping rate of fluctuations, along with a threshold beyond which damped oscillations occur. We relax the assumption that seeding occurs globally by extending this analysis to solve a two-dimensional cellular automata Daisyworld. We conclude by reviewing a number of previous Daisyworld models and make explicit their respective timescales, and how their behaviour can be understood in light of our analysis.
Life sciences simulation: Ecology

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What was the first camera phone
What was the first cell phone with a camera?
In 2002, the first phones with built-in cameras became publicly available, including the Nokia 7650 and the Sanyo SPC-5300. The Nokia phone boasted "a large 176×208 pixel colour display," according to a media release at the time.
When did phones first have cameras?
What was the first Nokia camera phone?
Nokia 7650
What was the first smartphone?
The first Android phone – released in 2008
The first Android device was the HTC Dream or the T-Mobile G1 if you were in the US. It had a sliding keyboard and had a multi-touch screen, though this wasn't supported on all devices, 3G, Wi-Fi and a three-megapixel camera.
What did the 1st cell phone look like?
The first phone weighed over two pounds.
What year did cell phones become popular?
Originally Answered: What year did cell phones become popular? Technology for mobile phones was first developed in the 1940s but it was not until the mid 1980s that they became widely available. By 2011, it was estimated in the United Kingdom that more calls were made using mobile phones than wired devices.
What was the first iPhone called?
iPhone 2G
When did phones get Internet?
The first access to the mobile web was commercially offered in Finland at the end of 1996 on the Nokia 9000 Communicator phone via the Sonera and Radiolinja networks. This was access to the real internet.
You might be interested: What is the live setting on iphone camera
How many photos can the first camera phones store?
20 pictures
Why did Nokia fail?
Excessive growth in the era 1996 – 2000:
This success can be considered as the main culprit of the failure of Nokia. The higher acceptance of the company's mobile phones in the market between years _PHONE_, made it difficult for the company to keep its supply chain intact.
What was the most popular Nokia phone?
Which Nokia has the best camera?
Nokia 7.2
Who is the biggest cell phone manufacturer?
What was the first touchscreen smartphone?
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text:
BBC Buildings - Bush House
The iconic home of BBC World Service
Designed by Harvey Corbett, Bush House was built in 1923 with further wings added between 1928 and 1935. This quintessentially British building was actually commissioned, designed and originally owned by American individuals and companies. The building was originally constructed for an Anglo-American trading organisation headed by Irving T. Bush, after whom it is named.
It opened in July 1925, and later that decade was declared the 'most expensive building in the world, having cost around £2 million.
Bush House occupies a dramatic position at the bottom of Kingsway in central London, connected to the Strand on its southern façade. Its particularly impressive portico is flanked by two male statues symbolising Anglo-American friendship, sculpted by the American artist Malvina Hoffman. Over a Celtic altar at the centre of the portico is the inscription 'Dedicated to the friendship of English-speaking peoples'. The BBC's foreign language broadcasting service began in 1938 from Broadcasting House in Portland Place. After this building was bombed during the Second World War, the service was re-located to Bush House in 1941 – beginning with the European Service, then followed by the rest of the Overseas Service in 1958. This building in turn suffered bomb damage and the statue representing America lost its left arm. It was restored in 1977.
Over many years all the BBC's foreign language services gradually invaded Bush House, penetrating each wing in turn. It has broadcast to and from Bush House for almost 70 years – covering events that have changed and shaped the world, from De Gaulle's broadcasts to the Free French in the Second World War through Hungary's despearate call for help as Russian tanks rolled into Budapest to the genocide in Rwanda and war in Kosova.
However, the BBC has never owned Bush House. Its owners were variously the Church of Wales, the Post Office and now a Japanese-owned organisation, but for millions of overseas listeners it remains the building which most represents the BBC.


text:
The Environmental Services Division promotes and implements practices that increase resiliency and reduce harmful impacts on shared resources by improving City operations and facilities and providing assistance to businesses and residents to ensure shared resources meet the needs of current and future generations. This work is guided by the Sustainable Santa Fe 25-Year Plan, developed by a citizen-led commission, City staff, and other community members. The plan, adopted by City Council in 2018, established 91 strategies to achieve carbon neutrality, improve quality of life and social equity, enhance ecological resilience, and strengthen the economy.
In 2020, the City of Santa Fe was certified by the U.S. Green Building Council as a LEED Gold city. This certification applies to all activities within city limits across 40 metrics in six categories: Natural Systems and Ecology, Transportation and Land Use, Water Efficiency, Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Materials and Resources and Quality of Life. It solidifies Santa Fe as a world leader in sustainability.
Neal Denton, Sustainability Planner
[bot protected email address]


text:
First name origin & meaning:
First name variations: Veamalohi, Veatama
Last name origins & meanings:
- Spanish and Galician: habitational name, principally from Vea
in Soria province, but in some cases from any of four places with the
same name in Pontevedra province, Galicia.
- Catalan: habitational name from any of the places named Bea or Vea in the
- Norwegian: habitational name from any
of four farmsteads so named, from the plural of Old Norse
viðr 'wood', 'tree'.
Comments for Vea


text:
Christmas Special is a special Slenderman's Shadow Map.
It is based in a snowy area (believed to be Santa's workshop) and is also set during the night. The objective of this one, unlike most of the other maps, is to find 8 presents hidden throughout the map. It is quite hard with the fact that some presents are small and are on the ground sometimes. There are large buildings shaped like large wrapped Christmas presents to navigate through, often containing power generators and shelves. Instead of Slender Man being the one chasing you, it's Santa Claus.
- There was a glitch where you can you can climb up mountains and go on Slendy Claus's head, but it was fixed later..
- This is the first map with snow.
- He quotes "Merry Christmas. Ho ho ho ho ho!" when he kills you.
- This is the first map of Slenderman's Shadow that Slenderman isn't in.
- When you get startled by Slendy Claus, instead of a low piano note playing, he quotes "Ho ho ho!".
- The person you play as doesn't make any breathing sounds.


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History of DAISY
The DAISY study - The D iabetes A uto I mmunity S tudy in the Y oung - started in July 1993. The primary goal of DAISY is to learn how genes and the environment interact to trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, the third most common chronic disease in children. In order to do this, the study follows two unique groups, children with a diabetic relative (either a sibling or parent), and children at an increased genetic risk (without a diabetic relative). While investigators have been able to find some of the most important genes which may increase the chances of developing the disease, the environmental factors and their interaction with these genes is still in question. Areas of interest are viruses, dietary factors, immuniztions, and social stressors. Continued follow-up through the child's important developmental stages will help us to gain a better understanding of the nature of diabetes, which may eventually lead towards prevention.


The three artifact fragments
"The xel'naga have given us the keys to our future"
Artifact fragments are pieces of xel'naga relics scattered around the Koprulu sector. They have great power and technology to those who can acquire in assemble them.
In the alternate timeline where Zeratul survived the opening stages of the End War, he hunted these artifacts across the battlefields of the conflict, using them against Amon's Forces and to enhance his forces. He stored these fragments in an artifact reserve.[1]
Game Effect[edit | edit source]
Artifact fragments serve as the central mechanic for Zeratul in Co-op Missions. They give his units a level of weapons, armor and shield upgrades, unlock abilities for his units, and grant another top bar ability.
Artifacts spawn at a set rate, with two or three (depending on Zeratul's level) on the battlefield, though invisible. Zeratul can use prophetic vision to give him the location where the artifact is. When Zeratul is nearby and uses prophetic vision again, the artifact is revealed, and Zeratul can pick it up. After a set number of minutes, a circle will appear on the minimap around the area of the artifact, growing smaller as the game progresses.[1]
References[edit | edit source]


who |
 awk '{ print $1 }' | # isolate user names
 pick | # select user names
 Mail -s 'Promote these people!' boss
In this program, the user selects a filename to be deleted. The outer loop is used to refresh the list, so the file deleted on the previous iteration gets removed from the next menu. The outer loop is labeled (as OUTER), so that the inner loop can refer to it when necessary.
 use Shell::POSIX::Select (
 '$Eof', # for ^D detection
 prompt=>'Choose file for deletion:'
 ) ;
 while ( _USER_=<*.py> ) { # collect serpentine files
 select ( _USER_ ) { # prompt for deletions
 print STDERR "Really delete $_? [y/n]: " ;
 my $answer = ; # ^D sets $Eof below
 defined $answer or last OUTER ; # exit on ^D
 $answer eq "y\n" and unlink and last ;
 $Eof and last;
This example shows the benefit of importing $Eof, so the outer loop can be exited when the user supplies ^D to the inner one.
Here's how it works. If the rename succeeds in the inner loop, execution of last breaks out of the select loop; $Eof will then be evaluated as FALSE, and the while loop will start a new select loop, with a (depleted) filename menu. But if the user presses ^D to the menu prompt, $Eof will test as TRUE, triggering the exit from the while loop.
 use Shell::POSIX::Select (
 '$Eof',
 prompt => 'Enter number (^D to exit):'
 style => 'Korn' # for automatic prompting
 # Rename selected files from current dir to lowercase
 while ( _USER_=<*[A-Z]*> ) { # refreshes select's menu
 select ( _USER_ ) { # skip fully lower-case names
 if (rename $_, "\L$_") {
 last ;
 else {
 warn "$0: rename failed for $_: $!\n";
 $Eof and last ; # Handle ^D to menu prompt
 1) Abe.memo 2) Zeke.memo
 Enter number (^D to exit): 1
 1) Zeke.memo
 Enter number (^D to exit): ^D
This program sets a custom prompt and heading for each of its two loops, and shows the use of a label on the outer loop.
 use Shell::POSIX::Select qw($Prompt $Heading);
 $Heading="\n\nQuantity Menu:";
 $Prompt="Choose Quantity:";
 select my $quantity (1..4) {
 $Heading="\nSize Menu:" ;
 $Prompt='Choose Size:' ;
 select my $size ( qw (L XL) ) {
 print "You chose $quantity units of size $size\n" ;
 last OUTER ; # Order is complete
 Quantity Menu:
 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
 Choose Quantity: 4
 Size Menu:
 1) L 2) XL
 Choose Size: ^D (changed my mind about the quantity)
 Quantity Menu:
 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
 Choose Quantity: 2
 Size Menu:
 1) L 2) XL
 Choose Size: 2
 You chose 2 units of size XL
This program shows how you can implement a "record browser", that builds a menu from the designated field of each record, and then shows the record associated with the selected field.
To use a familiar example, we'll browse the UNIX password file by user-name.
 use Shell::POSIX::Select ( style => 'Korn' );
 if (_USER_!= 2 and _USER_!= 3) {
 die "Usage: $0 fieldnum filename [delimiter]" ;
 # Could also use Getopt:* module for option parsing
 ( $field, $file, $delim) = _USER_ ;
 if (! defined $delim ) {
 $delim='[\040\t]+' # SP/TAB sequences
 $field-- ; # 2->1, 1->0, etc., for 0-based indexing
 foreach ( 'cat "$file"' ) {
 # field is the key in the hash, value is entire record
 $f2r{ (split /$delim/, $_)[ $field ] } = $_ ;
 # Show specified fields in menu, and display associated records
 select $record ( sort keys %f2r ) {
 print "$f2r{$record}\n" ;
 browsrec.plx '1' /etc/passwd ':'
 1) at 2) bin 3) contix 4) daemon 5) ftp 6) games
 7) lp 8) mail 9) man 10) named 11) news 12) nobody
 13) pop 14) postfix 15) root 16) spug 17) sshd 18) tim
 Enter number of choice: 18
 tim:x:213:100:Tim Maher:/home/tim:/bin/bash
 Enter number of choice: ^D
This program shows a prototype for a menu-oriented front end to a UNIX command, that prompts the user for command-option choices, assembles the requested command, and then runs it.
It employs the user's numeric choice, stored in the $Reply variable, to extract from an array the command option associated with each option description.
 use Shell::POSIX::Select qw($Heading $Prompt $Eof) ;
 # following avoids used-only once warning
 my ($type, $format) ;
 # Would be more Perlish to associate choices with options
 # via a Hash, but this approach demonstrates $Reply variable
 _USER_ = ('regular', 'long' ) ;
 _USER_ = ( '', '-l' ) ;
 _USER_ = ( 'only non-hidden', 'all files' ) ;
 _USER_ = ( '', '-a', ) ;
 print "** LS-Command Composer **\n\n" ;
 $Heading="\n**** Style Menu ****" ;
 $Prompt= "Choose listing style:" ;
 select $format ( _USER_ ) {
 $user_format=$fmt_opt[ $Reply - 1 ] ;
 $Heading="\n**** File Menu ****" ;
 $Prompt="Choose files to list:" ;
 select $type ( _USER_ ) { # ^D restarts OUTER
 $user_type=$typ_opt[ $Reply - 1 ] ;
 last OUTER ; # leave loops once final choice obtained
 $Eof and exit ; # handle ^D to OUTER
 # Now construct user's command
 $command="ls $user_format $user_type" ;
 # Show command, for educational value
 warn "\nPress to execute \"$command\"\n" ;
 # Now wait for input, then run command
 defined <> or print "\n" and exit ;
 system $command ; # finally, run the command
 ** LS-Command Composer **
 1) regular 2) long
 Choose listing format: 2
 1) only non-hidden 2) all files
 Choose files to list: 2
 Press to execute "ls -l -a"
 total 13439
 -rw-r--r-- 1 yumpy gurus 1083 Feb 4 15:41 README
 -rw-rw-r-- 6 yumpy gurus 277 Dec 17 14:36.exrc.mmkeys
 -rw-rw-r-- 7 yumpy gurus 285 Jan 16 18:45.exrc.podkeys
UNIX Orientation
I've been a UNIX programmer since 1976, and a Linux proponent since 1992, so it's most natural for me to program for those platforms. Accordingly, this early release has some minor features that are only allowed, or perhaps only entirely functional, on UNIX-like systems. I'm open to suggestions on how to implement some of these features in a more portable manner.
Some of the programming examples are also UNIX oriented, but it should be easy enough for those specializing on other platforms to make the necessary adapations. 8-}
Terminal Display Modes
These have been tested under UNIX/Linux, and work as expected, using tput. When time permits, I'll convert to a portable implementation that will support other OSs.
Incorrect Line Numbers in Warnings
Because this module inserts new source code into your program, Perl messages that reference line numbers will refer to a different source file than you wrote. For this reason, only messages referring to lines before the first select loop in your program will be correct.
If you're on a UNIX-like system, by enabling the debugging and logging options (see "Debug" and "Logging"), you can get an on-screen report of the proper offset to apply to interpret the line numbers of the source code that gets dumped to the /tmp/SELECT_source file. Of course, if everything works correctly, you'll have


text:
Skip to Main Content
Increasingly, experts and interested laypeople are turning to the explosion of online data to form and explore hypotheses about relationships between public health intervention strategies and their possible impacts. We have engaged in a multi-year collaboration to use and design semantic techniques and tools to support the current and next generation of these explorations. We introduce a tool, qb.js, to enable access to multidimensional statistical data in ways that allow non-specialists to explore and create specific visualizations of that data. We focus on explorations of health data - in particular aimed at helping to support the formation and analysis of hypotheses about public health intervention strategies and their correlation with health-related behavior changes. We used qb.js to formulate and explore the hypothesis that youth tobacco access laws have consistent, measurable impacts on the rate of change in cigarette smoking among high school students over time. While focused in this instance on one particular intervention strategy (i.e., limiting youth access to tobacco), this analytics platform may be used for a wide range of correlational analyses. To address this hypothesis, we converted population science data on tobacco-related policy and behavior from Impacteen to a Resource Description framework (RDF) representation that was annotated with the RDF Data Cube vocabulary. A Semantic Data Dictionary enabled mapping between the original datasets and the RDF representation. This allowed for the creation and publication of data visualizations using qb.js. The RDF Data Cube representation made it possible to discover a significant downward effect from the introduction of nine youth tobacco access laws on the rate of change in smoking prevalence among high school-aged youth.


text:
Plants are essential to everyone's lives.
'Plants capture energy from the sun and all life on land, directly or indirectly, depends on them. So, ultimately, plants fuel the diversity of life on earth'
Sir David Attenborough
Plantlife seeks to conserve wild plants and fungi using a range of approaches. We work to conserve key habitats and we have designated Important Plant Areas to draw attention to those parts of the country that sustain important collections of plants. We also devise and carry out projects aimed at recovering declining populations of key species and demonstrating how they can be effectively conserved in the future.
We also promote wild plants and fungi in culture, for instance through County Flowers and the Grow Wild campaign.
Discover more about our floral heritage and what we're doing to protect it by exploring the links below:


text:
A prospective review of acute coronary syndromes in an urban hospital in sub-Saharan Africa
Internal Medicine (East Africa)
Objectives: To determine the epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: A prospective survey was carried out of all patients with a diagnosis of ACS who were admitted to the critical care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital over a 25-month period. Demographics, presentation, management and outcomes were subsequently recorded.
Results: A total of 111 (5.1% of all hospitalisations) patients were recruited, with 56% presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and the rest non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina (UA). Chest pain was the most common presenting symptom, and up to one-third of all STEMI patients did not receive any form of reperfusion therapy, primarily due to late presentation. As in the developed world, diabetes, hypertension and cigarette smoking still account for the most common predisposing risk-factor profile, and the mortality associated with ACS is about six to 10% in our unit.
Conclusions: ACS, contrary to common belief, is increasingly more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, with similar risk profiles to that in the developed world. Late presentation to hospital is common and accounts for the increased mortality associated with this condition.
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
(2012). A prospective review of acute coronary syndromes in an urban hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 23(6), 318-321.
Available at: _URL_
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.


text:
Parental Issues and Perspectives Involving Mathematics Education in Elementary and Middle School Settings
Regina Mistretta, Department of Early Childhood, Childhood and Adolescent Education, School of Education
This paper reports on the initial findings of a three-year study funded through New York City's Department of Education Title IIA Professional Development under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 that investigated parental issues and perspectives involving mathematics education in elementary and middle school settings. A sample population of 790 parents of children in 1st through 8th grades was surveyed to gather information about their needs and the needs of their children concerning school mathematics. The findings of this study are shared to help deepen the knowledge base and make it accessible to administrators, teachers, and teacher educators to inform them about parental concerns and ways to involve parents in the mathematics learning community. Efforts to involve parents are a necessary component to successful mathematics education reform. This study seeks to build upon current research and help strengthen the ways we include parents in their children's learning of mathematics.


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How is food used as a motif throughout the play, and how is it used to advance the plot?
1 Answer | Add Yours
The play opens with an image of sensuality as music being "the food of love" but it focuses on excess and surfeit. Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy and its title draws us to the mid-winter festival, where the usual restraints are lifted and we are all, like Feste, "allowed" to be fools. The play is a romantic comedy and that means that the audience look through the distorting mirror of comedy and see our own follies exaggerated. Orsino is wallowing in his own self-pity, deluding himself, as the food image suggests. At the other end of the scale, Sir Toby is wallowing in his own excesses of "pickled herrings" and wine. His early misbehavior, over-indulging in food, prepares the audience for his later, graver misbehavior in his treatment of Malvolio. But this is a mid-winter festival and we can all sympathize with a little self-indulgence. What we cannot forgive are the killjoys, like Malvolio, who deny us our "cakes and ale."
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Posted by ESC on January 07, 2007
In Reply to: You can't get blood out of a turnip posted by Rich Sue Woodruff on January 06, 2007
: Could this phrase come from the story in the Bible about Cain and Abel in Genesis 4? "Abel kept flocks (a shepherd/rancher), and Cain worked the soil (a farmer). In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the Lord. But Abel brought fat portions from from some of the firstborn of his flock (a meat offering requiring bloodshed). The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor." (NIV)
: In the Old Testament God required a blood offering for sin. Hence, you can't get blood out of a turnip.
YOU CAN'T GET BLOOD OUT OF A STONE - "The stone here is a metaphor for a person who simply does not have (or would never give up) what is being sought - usually money. Over the centuries, various objects, such as a stone, a turnip, and even a wall, have been used in versions of the saying. The earliest known rendering, which appeared in John Lydgate's 'Minor Poems' (c 1435), mentioned marble - 'Harde to likke hony (honey) out of a marbil stoon.'.Charles Dickens first rendered the saying as 'Blood cannot be obtained from a stone,' in 'David Copperfield' and then recorded the exact wording of the modern version in 'Our Mutual Friend'." From "Wise Words and Wives' Tales: The Origins, Meanings and Time-Honored Wisdom of Proverbs and Folk Sayings Olde and New" by Stuart Flexner and Doris Flexner (Avon Books, New York, 1993).
Another reference says "blood from a turnip" was used by Frederick Marryat, "apparently borrowing an expression from folklore," in "Japhet in Search of a Father" in 1836: There's no getting blood out of a turnip." "The Dictionary of Cliches" by James Rogers (Wings Books, Originally New York: Facts on File Publications, 1985). Page 28.


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|Abstract: ||Article Source: _URL_
Introduction: Athletes have started taking Viagra to gain a competitive edge. Viagra's use might be expanding into the athletic world for its alleged boost to one's physical capability. This paper will discuss Viagra's impact on society, its users, athletic organisations, and whether its purported performance enhancement uses are valid and safe.
Pharmacology: Viagra works by relaxing smooth muscle cells through the inhibition of PDE5, thus, increasing the bioavailability of cGMP.
Results: Subjects had a higher VO2 max and recovered faster from pulmonary hypertension when given Viagra. Other results are mixed and not well established.
Barriers: Allowing Viagra into the athletic community may cause concern from sports organisations but will conversely and unequally burden those who require Viagra for healthy sexual function.
Conclusion: These findings do not directly correlate to an improvement in athletic performance. Furthermore, taking Viagra may pose as a risk to one's health. Viagra should only be taken upon consultation with a health care professional.|


Predicting an Antiaromatic Benzene Ring in the Ground State Caused by Hyperconjugation
Benzene, the prototype of aromatics, has six equivalent C‐C bonds (1.397 Å), which are intermediate between a C‐C double bond and a C‐C single bond. For over 80 years, chemists have spent much effort on freezing a localized structure to obtain a distorted bond‐length alternating benzene ring in the ground state, leading to various localized trisannelated benzene rings. However, most of the central benzene rings are still aromatic or nonaromatic. Here we report an antiaromatic benzene ring caused by hyperconjugation.
Unconventional Aromaticity in Organometallics: The Power of Transition Metals
Aromaticity, one of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry, has attracted considerable attention from both theoreticians and experimentalists. Much effort on aromaticity in organometallics has been devoted to metallabenzene and derivatives. In comparison, aromaticity in other organometallics is less developed. This Account describes how our group has performed quantum chemical calculations to examine aromaticity in recently synthesized novel organometallic complexes.
Probing Hyperconjugative Aromaticity of Monosubstituted Cyclopentadienes
Hyperconjugation and aromaticity are two of the most important concepts in chemistry. Mulliken and co‐workers combined both terms to explain the stability of cyclopentadiene. Here, we carried out DFT calculations on a series of mono‐ and disubstituted cyclopentadiene derivatives to investigate their hyperconjugative aromaticity. Our results revealed that one electropositive substituent can induce aromaticity, whereas one electronegative substituent prompts nonaromaticity rather than antiaromaticity.
Probing the Strongest Aromatic Cyclopentadiene Ring by Hyperconjugation
Hyperconjugation, an interaction of electrons in a σ orbital or lone pair with an adjacent π or even σ antibonding orbital, can have a strong effect on aromaticity. However, most work on hyperconjugative aromaticity has been limited to main-group substituents. Here, we report a thorough density functional theory study to evaluate the aromaticity in various cyclopentadienes that contain both main-group and transition-metal substituents.
Probing the Most Aromatic and Antiaromatic Pyrrolium Rings by Maximizing Hyperconjugation and Push–Pull Effect
Hyperconjugation, a weak interaction in organic chemistry, can have a strong effect on aromaticity, leading to the concept of hyperconjugative aromaticity, which was first proposed by Mulliken in 1939. However, most studies are limited to main group chemistry. Here we report the most aromatic and antiaromatic pyrrolium ring by maximizing the hyperconjugation caused by transition metal fragments and the push–pull effect.
Synthesis of tetraand octa-aurated heteroaryl complexes towards probing aromatic indoliums
Polymetalated aromatic compounds are particularly challenging synthetic goals because of the limited thermodynamic stability of polyanionic species arising from strong electrostatic repulsion between adjacent carbanionic sites. Here we describe a facile synthesis of two polyaurated complexes including a tetra-aurated indole and an octa-aurated benzodipyrrole. The imido trinuclear gold(I) moiety exhibits nucleophilicity and undergoes an intramolecular attack on a gold(I)-activated ethynyl to generate polyanionic heteroaryl species.


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By using new techniques originally developed for the analysis of extreme values of dynamical systems, several long records of temperatures at different locations are analysed by showing that they have the same recurrence time statistics of a chaotic dynamical system perturbed with dynamical noise and by instrument errors. The technique provides a criterion to discriminate whether the recurrence of a certain temperature belongs to the natural climate variability or can be considered as a real extreme event with respect to a specific time scale fixed as parameter. The method gives a self-consistent estimation of the convergence.
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ActiveField™ - QuickField API Help
QuickField Student Edition free download Contacts
ActiveField Technology
What's New
Objects Overview
Hierarchy Chart
How to Start: Application Object
How to work with Problems
How to work with Model
How to work with Data
How to Analyze Results
LabelBlockHE Object
Physical properties of a block for problems of AC magnetics.
The LabelBlockHE object represents physical data applicable to the block label for time-harmonic magnetics problems.
When you need to set or modify some physical parameters for the block label, you have to get the LabelBlockHE object using the Content property of the Label object, modify the LabelBlockHE object using its properties and then put it back in the Label object assigning your LabelBlockHE to the Content property of your Label object.
The LabelBlockHE object inherits methods and properties from its base class LabelBlock. In addition, it provides properties and methods specific for time-harmonic magnetics. Those are:
Kxx (Absolute)
Get and set the components of magnetic permeability.
If the optional parameter is False or omitted, the value is considered as a relative permeability, otherwise as an absolute value.
Absolute values of magnetic permeability are measured in (H/m)
Kxx (Absolute)
Gets and sets the amplitude (peak value) of applying field source for the label.
The exact meaning of the Loading value depends upon two factors:
1. Whether the label describes conductive area (Conductivity > 0), and
2. Whether the TotalCurrent flag is set.
See the Remarks section for more details.
The same as Loading, but allows defining the current (current density, voltage) not only by a value but also by a formula of coordinates.
The phase angle (in degrees) for the Loading value.
Gets and sets the electric conductivity for the label in (S). Conductivity should be positive or zero. Zero conductivity is the case if you don't want to simulate eddy current in this area.
The same as Conductivity, but allows defining the electrical conductivity not only by a constant number but also by a formula of coordinates. The formula should always give a positive result.
Returns/sets the curve representing the dependency of electrical conductivity on temperature.
Returns True when the electrical conductivity depends on temperature and False otherwise.
Returns and sets the temperature value used for calculating the electrical conductivity. It can be either a number or a formula of coordinates. This value is only used when you do not employ importing temperature from a linked problem, or imported values are not available.
Gets and sets the flag modifying the meaning of the Loading value. See the Remarks section for details.
Gets and sets the flag specifies whether the conductors with total current or voltage applied are connected in series. See the Remarks section for details.
Returns an equivalent magnetization curve for AC condition, obtained by recalculating from the source magnetization curve for DC condition.
Following properties set/return the values of the magnetic loss coefficients in the formula of the specific volume losses: p = khf B2 + kcf2B2 + ke(f B)1.5 (W/m3). They are optional. Default zero value of any coefficient defines the zero loss of the corresponding type in the ferromagnetic material.
Sets and returns kh - hysteresis losses per volume unit of given material.
Sets and returns kc - eddy current losses per volume unit of given material. Eddy current losses may be calculated using this formula for materials with zero electrical conductivity (Conductivity or ConductivityEx) in which QuickField does not calculate the eddy currents, yet the eddy current losses should be taken into account. This may be the case for magnetic cores or laminated materials. If the electric conductivity has non zero value and QuickField calculates the eddy current - this coefficient LossEddy in the loss formula should be left with default zero value.
Sets and returns ke - additional losses in the volume unit for given material, which are not taken into account by eddy current and hysteresis losses.
You always have to set both Kxx and Kyy properties even for isotropic materials. If the Polar property is set to True, the Kxx component is considered as a radial and Kyy - as tangential component of the permeability tensor.
Creates a new empty magnetization curve, which can be further used as a parameter for the PutDCSpline method.
Returns the magnetization curve for DC condition (the source curve).
PutDCSpline (
spline as Spline frequency As Double)
Sets the DC (source) magnetization curve and the frequency value for which the curve should be recalculated.
Creates a new empty curve representing the dependency of the electrical conductivity on temperature. Returns a Spline object, which can be assigned to the ConductivitySpline property.
The method of applying sources is different for conductors and non-conductive areas. The table below shows the possible options:
TotalCurrent = True
The Loading is the total number of ampere-turns (in A).
TotalCurrent = False
The Loading is the voltage (in V) applied to conductor's terminals.
The Loading value is the current density (in A/m2)
When the total numbers of ampere-turns of the voltage is applied, you can specify how QuickField should consider several areas labeled with this label (if any). If the Serial flag is set to True, several conductors will be considered as connected in series. Serial conductors are carrying the same current and calculated current density could be different if their squares are not equal.
Please note that with time-harmonic problems you always specify amplitude (peak) values for all alternating quantities.
With nonlinear AC magnetics problem you give a standard magnetization curve for each soft magnetic material. QuickField automatically calculates the magnetization curve for AC condition keeping in mind the problem frequency. The calculated magnetization curve for AC condition is available for reading by the Spline property.
Conductivity depending on temperature
QuickField can take into account the dependency of the electrical conductivity on temperature. You give the dependency by a table, and QuickField automatically approximates it by a cubic spline. When the conductivity depends on temperature, the material is considered as isotropic.
The temperature value used for conductivity calculation is either imported from the linked problem of heat transfer analysis, or given as a number or a formula in the block label (TemperatureEx property). The imported temperature has higher priority.
The Spline object represents the functional dependency of one variable from another. You use the ConductivitySpline property to get or set the conductivity spline. If the spline does not yet exist, the ConductivitySpline property returns Nothing. In that case you have to first create a new spline using the CreateConductivityCurve and then assign the returned object to the ConductivitySpline property.
The NonLinearConductivity property (of Boolean type, read-only) returns True, when the conductivity depends on temperature for this label.
The TemperatureEx property of type Variant sets/returns a priory known temperature in the block given by a number or a formula of coordinates. The formula should always give positive value.


HomeAdvice Centre Ford Models Ford Focus Ford Focus Road Costs Ford Focus ST-Line and ST Fuel Consumption
Ford Focus ST-Line and ST Fuel Consumption
There are multiple factors to consider when buying a new or used car that will likely affect its initial price point as well as any other costs that may be incurred later in its lifetime. Fuel cost is one recurring cost that is often subject to change and is often dependent on the car and its fuel consumption, it can also have an impact on the CO2 emissions of your car so it's an important factor to consider.
Whether you're buying a used or new Ford Focus, being aware of the ongoing costs may have an impact on the model you choose to buy.
This guide is intended to provide an overview of the Ford Focus ST and ST-Line, with the aim being to provide an informed decision when comparing these models to other vehicles on the market.
In this guide:
Learn more about the impact that fuel consumption can have on the ongoing running costs of your new or used car.
Find out more about the fuel consumption rates for the Ford Focus ST range.
Find out more about the fuel consumption rates for the Ford Focus ST-Line range.
Learn more about the key differences between the Ford Focus ST and Ford Focus ST-Line
Fuel consumption impact on running costs
Fuel consumption makes up a large portion of the running costs for a vehicle. In most cases, it will be the largest ongoing running cost, especially for older models. The average UK household spends 14% of its total budget on fuel, totalling up to around £1,100.
The amount of fuel that a car uses, whether diesel or petrol, is known as its fuel consumption. Many different variables contribute to a given car's fuel consumption from the design of the vehicle chassis to the size of its engine and your driving style. The more energy a vehicle can utilise from its fuel, the more fuel efficient it is.
This is then measured in terms of how far the car can travel in miles for every gallon in the tank, often written as MPG (miles per gallon). The higher the MPG, the better, as it means fewer refuelling stops and more money saved.
Ford Focus ST fuel consumption
The Ford Focus ST is a hatchback that comes with increased performance with a top speed of 155mph, as well as a sport mode. There are two options available for the engine in the form of a 2.3 litre petrol or 2.0 litre diesel engine.
The turbocharged petrol engine can be extremely thirsty when really put to the test and driven fast. However, when driven normally, it achieves an average of 34 MPG, bringing it to the same level as the UK average. This is, in part, due to the EcoBoost Ford engine technology which only injects the right amount of fuel into the engine when it is needed.
The 2.0 litre diesel ST model does manage to squeeze more out of the tank than its petrol-fuelled counterpart. This comes in at around 50 MPG which is close to 20% above the average for a modern diesel car.
Fuel consumption for Ford Focus ST-Line
The Ford Focus ST-Line is a less powerful version of the ST but still comes with all the sporty exterior trim and details. Due to the smaller engine, the ST-Line can be pushed further in terms of fuel consumption and efficiency at the cost of a top speed of 130mph compared to 150mph for the ST.
The petrol version is, again, powered by Ford's EcoBoost petrol engine and can produce around 50-54 MPG. The much smaller 1.0 litre engine is the reason for this dramatic increase when compared to the sportier Ford Focus ST.
As can be expected, the diesel-fuelled ST-Line squeezes yet more MPG from the engine, with an official rating of 54-58 MPG for the 1.5L. and 57-60 MPG for the 2.0L versions. This makes it the most fuel-efficient of the entire new Ford Focus range, making it a popular choice.
Differences between Ford Focus ST/ST-Line
The differences between a used or new Focus ST and ST-Line in terms of MPG are clear, with a near doubling of mileage gains from the fuel that's put into the tank, whether it's petrol or diesel.
For those wanting the additional power and performance, then the Ford Focus ST is a reliable and easily maintained choice. However, for those who are looking to reduce fuel costs but keep the same reliability, the ST-Line will provide more value. The Ford Focus ST-Line is the best choice when it comes to fuel efficiency so if you want a Ford Focus model with lower ongoing costs, this is the car for you.
These differences are not only important for fuel economy but also for vehicle taxation. The ST-Line will incur a higher tax cost simply due to the fuel type, larger engine size and increased CO2 output, all of which are a factor when calculating standing vehicle tax.
In summary
As we have already mentioned, fuel cost is the most significant of all the standing costs of a vehicle over the course of its lifetime. As the car depreciates over time, the efficiency of its engine will reduce.
By buying a car with an efficient engine, that depreciation will be mitigated and the value gained from owning a vehicle that can travel further for less will be maintained. This means that initial cost benefit calculations from fuel savings will stay true for longer when factoring in time and use wearing the engine out.
To talk to our team of experts about your options when it comes to the Ford Focus ST and ST-Line or to find your nearest TC Harrison Ford dealer, please contact us today.


Nixon - Name - Sysoon
Nixon - Name
Nixon is on Sysoon. Find the obituaries, grave, funeral notices, cemetery, historical and death records of Nixon and join the bereaved relatives of Nixon [1967-en]
Search for in Sysoon's death records database.
This interesting and popular surname is of medieval English origin. It is a patronymic form of the given name "Nik(ke)", a short form of Nicholas, itself a derivation of the Greek "Nikolaos". This is a compound of the consisting of the elements "nike", meaning 'victory', plus 'laos' - the people. As 'The Victory People' it is not surprising that the name was popular, as this is how the Ancient Greeks saw themselves. The name is found in pre-Conquest England, one 'Nicolaus' being recorded in the 1086 a.d. Domesday Book as holding land before 1066. The surname is first recorded in the early 14th Century (see below) and is also found as Nickson and Nixson, whilst John Nickeson is listed in the Subsidy Rolls of Warwickshire (1332). The surname is widespread on both sides of the Scottish Border, with William Nycson occupying lands in the district of Ermyldoune, in Liddesdale, Scotland, in 1376. William Nykson was one of the "borowis" for the earl of Douglas's 'bounds of the West March' in 1398. Today, the surname is also numerous in Ulster, since it was established in counties Antrim and Fermanagh at the time of the Plantation of Ulster (1609). One of the earliest settlers in the New World was one Mary Nixon, who is recorded as holding five acres of land in the parish of Christ Church, in the Barbados, in 1678. A Coat of Arms granted to the family is gold, on a red chevron between three red leopards' faces, three suns in splendour proper. The Crest is that of a leopard rampant guardant proper. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Robert Nikkesune, which was dated 1309, in the "Records of the Borough of Nottingham", during the reign of King Edward 11, known as "Edward of Caernafon", 1307 - 1327. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Or search our database for:
Similar and alternative names to Nixon:
Soundex code for Nixon is: N250 | Reversed: noxiN
Length of name: 5 characters
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Money to preserve Mitchelville community on Hilton Head tied up in SC budget debate
_EMAIL_ 23, 2012
A state budget proposal sets aside $200,000 to preserve Mitchelville, believed to be American's first planned community for freed slaves, but supporters might have to fight for it.
The S.C. Senate debated amendments to the 2012-13 budget Tuesday and Wednesday. Among them is a measure from Sen. Shane Massey, R-Edgefield, stripping $4 million worth of projects earmarked for private nonprofits and local governments, including $200,000 for the Mitchelville Preservation Project.
Some senators, however, are considering whether the money could be routed through state agencies, which would decide how best to disburse the dollars.
Sen. Tom Davis, R-Beaufort, who supports Mitchelville's restoration, says he will vote in favor of Massey's amendment.
"I think preserving Mitchelville is a worthy project, but it ought not be funded via a political earmark in the budget," Davis said. "All politicians think their projects are worthy. That's why it's important for the projects to go through a competitive selection process before the appropriate executive agency, which in the case of Mitchelville would be the Department of Archives and History."
Davis believes he can persuade the state agency to fund its preservation, and says he's eager to help, comparing the effort to preserving Civil War battlefields of Gettysburg, Pa., and Manassas, Va.
"It's an extraordinary story, a compelling reminder of a defining moment in our nation's history right here in our own backyard," he said. "I am a strong proponent of limited government, but preserving something of great historical significance is a proper state function, and I am prepared to advocate its funding to the appropriate state agency in an open and competitive process."
Mitchelville was established in 1862, before the Emancipation Proclamation and a year after Union ships drove Confederate troops from Hilton Head Island.
Barracks were initially set up for "contraband" slaves left behind Union lines and those who fled to freedom from plantations on nearby islands. Living conditions, however, soon became intolerable.
Military orders were issued from Washington freeing the slaves in April 1862. Later, Union Gen. Ormsby Mitchel, for whom Mitchelville is named, set land aside to create the village. Each family was given a quarter-acre plot to build a home and grow crops. The village of 1,500 or so was built along what is now Beach City Road at the island's north end.
The freedmen elected their own officials and passed their own laws, including the first compulsory education law in the South, before Constitutional amendments granted such rights for African Americans.
The nonprofit group seeking to preserve the site hopes to use the state money to help buy plots adjoining 35-acres of townand county-donated land along Beach City Road.
The land abuts Fish Haul Creek Park, which the Town of Hilton Head has tentatively agreed to lease to the group so parts of the village can be recreated. The 10.5 acres would help the group preserve more of Mitchelville, which over time has been split, built up, sold, resold and eyed for development.
"We want to acquire as much of the original Mitchelville land as we can to preserve the spot where these freed slaves saw the dawn of freedom," newly named project chairman Randy Dolyniuk said.
The group is particularly interested in buying Jerre Weckhorst's house, a replica home and headquarters for Gen. Mitchel, which includes a trove of artifacts from the mid-19th century and earlier.
The house is not on the market, but Weckhorst said he will consider selling to the Mitchelville group.
The nonprofit group hopes it can purchase the five parcels for about $2.9 million.
"Two-hundred thousand dollars is a drop in the bucket, but is a very important drop in the bucket," Dolyniuk said. "That may be the seed money that will help us leverage more donations."
There is no timetable for completion of the project, which is in its early stages. Plans include ongoing archeological digs and research; replicas of cottages, a school, and a prayer house; commemorative statues and a welcome center.
"It's a shame more people, even those in Beaufort County, don't know about Mitchelville," Davis said. "We rightly recognize Penn Center and the historic district of downtown Beaufort, but don't give Mitchelville its due, and I will do whatever I can to raise public awareness and ensure it is preserved."
The Associated Press contributed to this story
Related content
 1. Mitchelville Preservation Project
 2. Mitchelville supporters fight to preserve 'an American story': May 12, 2012
 3. Mitchelville on the mind: Jan.3, 2006
 4. Mitchelville: A fight to preserve 'da spirit of freedom'
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The private tutoring market in Canada has grown significantly in the last ten years, from a near revenue standstill to a projected $227.2B in 2022.
The Canadian government does not track statistics regarding how many students are currently enrolled in tutoring centres or those who have private tutoring. However, Kumon Learning Centres reported there were 28,000 students registered in their Ontario math tutoring programs in October 2017.
With the tutor demand peaking in Canada and around the world,
people are jumping into the industry as a brand-new career
 or a lucrative side hustle.
Who are the most likely and potentially best-paid tutors out there? Firstly, certified teachers are some of the most sought after and well-paid private tutors. By and large, the teachers who start a tutoring service are retired or newer teachers who are supplementing their income.
Next in line of those becoming a tutor, are the professionals who have years of experience or credentials that outstrip the average person in their field. Examples are professional musicians or working actors/actresses who use the flexibility of their careers to add teaching to their revenue streams.
Lastly, students are excellent peer tutors whose academic success and knowledge of the current curriculum make them ideal candidates. The one downside for students is they don't command the highest fees due to their relative lack of teaching experience. However, the online tutoring market has made it possible for many to gain online teaching jobs, references and the tutor training they need to charge a competitive rate.
Websites such as Superprof are opening the door to this virtual learning environment and providing tutors with a free platform to advertise their services globally.
Find out information about teaching English as a second language.
Dancer in the ballet
Dancers, musicians and other performers appreciate the flexible schedule of private tutoring. Source: Pixabay
In this kind of economy, there is no such thing as free tutoring. Sites like Superprof are very helpful when deciding what rate you should charge your students. That's our next goal. Finding the right rate to charge for both academic tutoring, the arts and the various grade levels.
Check out our article to find out more about how much to charge for private tutoring.
The best tutors available
First Lesson Free>
What Do You Need to Consider When Setting Your Tutoring Rate?
There is a multitude of variables to consider when deciding your fee.
 - Location
 - Your experience level
 - The student's grade (elementary, high school, college-level)
 - Amount of preparation time needed
 - What format is it?
 - Home tutoring
 - Tutoring online
 - Group tutoring or study groups
 - One-on-one tutoring
 - Tutoring programs
 - Tutoring centre
 - Subject
 - Resources needed – equipment or practice area
There's a lot to consider. You may be asking yourself, why is it so complicated? Your rate reflects the value you place on your services. It's also how your potential clients perceive your value. If you slash your fee and try to be the lowest priced math tutor in Toronto, you undervalue your service and tell the marketplace that you are not worth even the average math tutors' wages. You want to cover your expenses (travel, prep time, materials) and make a decent living.
What's the first step in this process?
What subject are you teaching/coaching? Then check out the pricing you see online for private tutors (through Superprof or on Google) in that subject.
From there, filter your search to include those with the same experience as you and in your city. Your location matters because where you teach will often affect the rate you can charge. It all comes down to supply and demand.
Parents with a significant net worth, whose children are in private school, invest heavily in their child's education. The demand for tutors in large cities with private schools is significant. Smaller towns may have less demand as the income base is lower; however, check to see how many tutors there are in your area of expertise. If you are the only trigonometry tutor in a 50 KM radius, your rate just went up!
What Tutors Charge for Specific Subjects
We've compiled, with Superprof's help, a list of the average rates for all the most popular tutoring subjects in Canada.
Keep in mind; this is just a starting point. Adjust the rate for your region, experience, grade taught and how you deliver the lesson (in person, online, groups).
Math and Science
The average hourly rate for a private math or science tutor in Canada is $17.50.
Homework help, study skills and test preparation are all elements of the best tutors. Source: Visualhunt
The sciences are commanding the highest rates in this category, though I suspect it is because they are taken only at the secondary school level in Canada. High school math can be as much as $50/hour for a private teacher or a university graduate of a math program.
The Humanities
English and writing tutors are the subject leading the pack in the humanities. It's important to remember that these rates originate from the online tutoring services sector. The rates would likely double if they were taught one-on-one or by a certified teacher, for high school or college tutoring students.
The modern languages are a lucrative source of teaching income, outstripping math science and the humanities. Likely because the number of quality tutors available is far less than the demand. Mandarin is the third most popular language to learn after French, as China is expected to be an even more dominant player in future international business.
Parents are preparing their children to be able to operate in the global economy
and give them the academic resources to have long term success.
Mandarin, German, Arabic, Russian, French, Italian
$27.00 - $30.00
Professional level subjects
The most complex subjects need the academic skills of a professional. Source: Visualhunt
These courses are taught at the university, college-level and even graduate school level. As a result, it is hard to find a tutor with the proper education and experience. Therefore, Lower supply = Higher Rate.
Civil Law
Criminal Law
Sociology $20.00
Music tuition can be a worthwhile endeavour as the average rate is $35/hour. The range of rates for the different instruments is not immediately available, given that Superprof just launched in Canada. However, we can assume the same rate variables are at play here as well.
The more advanced the student and the more difficult the material,
tuition rates will climb.
How Does the Grade Level Being Taught Affect Your Rates?
How much you can charge is directly affected by the sector of school you are teaching and the level of difficulty of the subject. Concerning subject difficulty, there are three levels to consider:
Beginners: are being introduced to the subject or the instrument. The instructor need not have the highest credentials but be at least at the intermediate level themselves. For tutoring these classes one can either provide individualized training or group sessions. Feedback is consistent but need not be too focused. Marking and lesson prep is minimal. The cost for the average session is just below the average subject rate.
Intermediate: the teacher is expected to have a more advanced level of knowledge or credentials than the student who has mastered the subject fundamentals. More lesson preparation time is required, marking, test prep and study strategies for the student. The rate charged is average or slightly above. Examples of this type are calculus, anatomy and physiology, social and behavioural sciences.
Advanced: tutors for this level must have mastered the subject and can provide deep knowledge and breadth of experience. Lessons are complicated and customized to the student's advanced ability. The feedback required must be detailed and give the student a clear plan where they are doing well and what they need to do to progress further. Only the most qualified tutors can provide supplemental instruction to these students. They are in short supply. Therefore, they attract the highest rates.
Tutoring programs in either a learning centre and home tutoring is proven to lead to student success. Source: Visualhunt
Tutoring programs in either a learning centre and home tutoring are proven to lead to student success. Source: Visualhunt
Yes and No. It isn't a very comforting answer, but the truth is - it depends.
On what? Generally, the harder the subject is to teach, the more complex and demanding, the higher the rate. Unless, of course, you live in an area where there are parents who want their children tutored from the earliest grades forward. Then the demand is high for primary student tutoring, and those rates will compete with secondary school rates.
Check out our article on how your skills and experience should impact your tutoring rates.
What Other Factors Affect the Amount You Can Charge?
Apart from supply and demand, the other most common factor that will affect your tutoring rate is what resources do you need to teach?
For example, in horseback riding, students are paying for not only their teacher's time but the care and well-being of the horse, the stable, equipment and lands. Fees for equestrians are considerable because there is much to be added to the cost of the lesson.
Horseback riding lessons are dear and require specialized training by appointment only. Source: Pixabay
Many factors go into deciding the best rate for your tutoring students. Hopefully, this article gave you insight into the most important elements to consider, and you now have the confidence to move forward with the best rate for your skillset and location. Good luck!
If you would like more detailed information on becoming a tutor and setting your price check out these articles.
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The Gresham Ship
The Discovery of the Gresham Ship
In the 16th century, a merchant ship sank to the bottom of the Thames where it lay undisturbed for 500 years. It was discovered by the Port of London Authority during investigations for the Princes Channel deepening, and it was clear from the outset that the find was something special. This is the story of that discovery.


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Chances are that you are reading this article because you are a tea buff captivated by the pretty patterns made by the leaves left at the bottom of your favorite cup of Darjeeling. You know that tea leaf reading has been practiced as a form of divination, probably ever since the first cup was brewed, and you are intrigued to try your hand at it.
In the many tea cup reading workshops I have delivered over the years, I've found that my students eagerly listen to my explanations, can hardly wait to prepare their first cup for reading, and then....stare in consternation at the soggy mass left at the bottom of the cup and lament, "How am I supposed to make sense of that?"
To help lift you over the hump—that clutch moment when you fear you're floundering in a red sea of Rooibos—and onto the path toward giving dynamic readings, here are 10 easy-to-put-into-practice tips. When putting these tips into practice, remember that your objective is to tell a good story to which the person you're reading for can relate.
- You don't need to interpret every image you see.
The clump opposite the handle that looks like something the cat left, and from which no definable symbols can be extracted, probably means you put too many leaves in your inquirer's cup. Since leaves plump up a lot after they steep, a half teaspoon of dry leaves is plenty. (The inquirer, by the way, is the person for whom you are reading.) If you get involved with trying to include every image you find in your interpretation, the tale you tell may veer off course, and your inquirer will become mystified about what you're communicating. So, at least initially, only talk about the images that fit the story you are putting forth. If your inquirer broaches other questions or seeks a clarification, then you can point to some of the other images.
- Only interpret the images that relate to your inquirer's question.
The best time to ask your inquirer to share concerns is while the person is drinking the tea so that these thoughts more thoroughly infuse the leaves. Also, when you have the question in mind before you take a peek at the cup, your intuition will guide you to elicit the significant symbols. Once when I went for a reading for myself—not a tea leaf reading, but an intuitive reading—the psychic waxed on and on about my husband and how intelligent, kind, romantic, and athletic he was. Now I happen to think my husband is rather wonderful, but I was going for a reading to find out about my own professional concerns, not his. Needless to say, when my stated question was never answered, I left unhappy.
- Ease yourself into the interpretation by concentrating on the larger, well-formed images.
These are more important than tiny, light, sketchy looking ones.
- Develop a systematic plan for finding symbols.
First, see if you recognize any special tea leaf reading symbols. These images occur frequently in cups and hold special significance for tea leaf readers. For example, a single dot, which when coupled with an image emphasizes its meaning. Blobs warn of disappointment (unless you put in too many leaves!), an arrow indicates a message forthcoming, lines harbinger journeys, and dashes indicate movement in affairs. Next, look for images that represent concrete, realistic things—the sorts of items that surround us in everyday life. Houses, cars, dogs, hats, human profiles, apples, birds, computers, feathers, trees, and flowers represent typical items that appear in cups. Only after you have identified common objects should you move on to discovering more complicated images such as numbers, letters, words, geometrical forms, and universal symbols.
- Don't try to memorize a dictionary full of symbols.
Your inquirer, who is probably your cousin, co-worker, or friend, doesn't expect you to become a symbols maven overnight, and won't mind if you need to look up something. While it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the significance of some common symbols, such as a crown for victory, a heart for love, and an apple for knowledge, you'll find that you will instinctively be aware of many definitions, as they often follow common sense. Besides, the more readings you perform the more symbols you will remember. Note that there is a danger in overemphasizing precise, bookish symbolic meanings. Such inflexibility can interfere with your interpretation and cause your inquirer to say, "What?" "Come again?" "I don't quite understand you." Along the same lines, if after you have exhausted every possible way to explain the images in the cup, and have given every possible meaning for the symbols, and your inquirer still requires more information, you might try using another form of divination to clarify the issue. A woman once came to me with a complex question about her ballet studio. She didn't know how to drum up more business. Should she advertise more, if so, where? Was her business partner the right one or should she rely more on her manager, or even change managers? Would it be better to sell the studio? If so, who would be the best buyer and when should she do it? Obviously, the tea leaves couldn't unravel all these complexities in a single cup, even though I read from China Black tea leaves, which render more images than most kinds of tea. After I completed the reading, I brought out my a href="_URL_ deck and drew three cards for each question that the leaves had left unanswered. The cards showed my inquirer's past experiences, the current situation, and the probable outcome. If you feel it is helpful, you may also add a pendulum to your tea leaf reading, especially when the inquirer has many questions that can be answered by "yes" or "no."
- When you see an image that puzzles you, try to view it from all angles, even upside-down.
It may look like a woman's profile from one viewpoint, and like a cat from another perspective. Both images are valid, and interconnected. In this case, the interpretation might be to watch out for a woman of a jealous, gossipy nature.
- Still stuck on a symbol? Don't hesitate to describe the image to your inquirer, and get their opinion of its significance for them.
We all have our private symbolic language and individual interpretations. For instance, if somebody were reading a cup for me and found a frog, they might interpret it as meaning a sudden move, possibly a change of job or residence, both of which are standard definitions. However, for me, a frog is a very positive symbol; in fact, I consider it my totem animal. So to see a frog in my cup means fertility of body, mind, and spirit, happiness, and success in my endeavors. Once I distinguished a scorpion, symbol of vicious criticism, in cup that was otherwise filled with positive signs, including a flying bird, a dolphin, the number 2, a bouquet of roses, and two birds cuddling in a nest. I asked my inquirer if a scorpion meant anything to her. She smiled and responded that she was in love with a man born under the sign of Scorpio, but that he had been studying abroad for the last year. She missed him very much and although they corresponded frequently, she was worried that they might drift apart. I assuaged her concerns with the following interpretation: Soon (because of the position of the flying bird near the handle, which represents present time) she would receive a message from her lover that he was coming home. After a safe journey (the dolphin), perhaps as early as in February (the second month of the year), he would return and declare his love for her (bouquet of roses). The couple would enter into a partnership (also the number 2), that would culminate in domestic bliss (nesting birds).
- Use your intuition.
This may sound like a no-brainer, but you would be surprised how many neophyte readers get hung up on dictionary definitions for symbols, and suppress the intuitive right brain. If, while you are examining the cup, your inner voice whispers that you should interpret a symbol in an unconventional way, go with the flow. Remember the woman's profile and cat in tip #6? Those images may not point to an envious woman at all, but to a friend with well-honed psychic abilities who will help the inquirer solve a personal problem. It's even better if you can find nearby symbols to support your interpretation. Your initial impressions are what strike you from the very first moment you gaze into the cup. Your intuition may even cause you to visualize something in your head that does not appear physically in the cup. Mention this to your inquirer as you progress with the reading.
- Remember that you need not interpret every image in symbolic terms.
In other words, a breadbox may literally refer to a breadbox and not to the inquirer's economic state. Once I really did see a breadbox in a gentleman's cup. When I mentioned this to him, he told me that he had been looking high and low to buy one to no avail. The breadbox in his cup was coupled with a computer, so I advised him to go online with his search.
- My final piece of advice is to relax!
Novice readers tend to worry too much that they're going to be confronted with a blank wall when they gaze into the cup. This attitude sets up a mental block that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. You'll always find something to talk about in the cup. And if you don't, perhaps it's


NIS+ Transition Guide
Links between tables produce an effect similar to paths, except that the link involves a search through only one table: the remote table. With a search path, NIS+ first searches the local table, and only if it is unsuccessful does it search the remote table. With a link, the search moves directly to the remote table. In fact, the remote table virtually replaces the local table. The benefit of a link is that it allows a lower domain to access the information in a higher domain without the need to administer its own table.
To create a link, use the nisln command. You must have modify rights to the table object.
Deciding whether to use a path or to link NIS+ tables in a domain is a complex decision, but here are some basic principles:
Figure 2-7 summarizes this principle.
Figure 2-7 Information Distribution Across an NIS+ Hierarchy


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Real World Impact of Our Acts
50th Anniversary of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
On December 3, 1967, in Cape Town, South Africa, Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful human heart transplant in medical history. Less than a year later, on August 6, 1968, after three years of drafting, the Uniform Law Commission approved the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA). These two groundbreaking events would lead to the transformation of the lives of thousands of patients and their families.
Before UAGA was available, American law had fallen so far behind scientific developments that the law threatened to deny Americans the full benefits of the latest medical advances. At the time of the Uniform Act's approval in 1968, the United States was in desperate need of clarity in the law.
UAGA was a revolutionary act. It stipulated for the first time, that an individual, upon death, could donate his or her organs for medical purposes by signing a simple document before witnesses. As easy as this sounds, the Uniform Act represented a departure from centuries of common-law precedent, which held that a body immediately after death became the property of the next-of-kin. That was a major first step. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act was subsequently adopted by all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
In following years, new medical technologies dramatically increased the number of transplants and the demand for organs, resulting in a serious shortage. This caused the ULC to revisit the subject, and in 1987, a new revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act was drafted to help narrow the gap between supply and demand.
The 1987 UAGA simplified the "document of gift" permitting organ donations and dropped the requirement for witnesses to the document. In the absence of such a document, the act expanded the list of people who can act on behalf of a decedent and permit a donation. The 1987 Act was enacted in 26 states.
Uneven adoption of the 1987 UAGA and numerous amendments over the years in each state eliminated uniformity. State and Federal law were no longer in sync. The practice of organ donation had changed significantly since 1987, including a rise in the importance of organ procurement organizations. So the ULC revised the act once again, in 2006.
The 2006 Act increased focus on personal autonomy in the donation process; it simplifies the document of gift and recognizes driver's license donation forms. It also strengthens an individual's right not to donate by permitting signed refusals. The 2006 UAGA makes numerous other changes that modernize the Act. The 2006 UAGA has been very successful, having been enacted in 48 states to date. Delaware, Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania are the only states that have not enacted the 2006 version.
Despite the great successes in the field of organ transplantation, a severe organ shortage persists in this country. According to the national registry maintained by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), there are currently more than 111,000 people waiting for an organ. More than 100 people are added to the nation's organ transplant waiting list each day – one every 10 minutes. On average, 20 patients die every day while awaiting an organ – one person every 72 minutes.
In "Organ Transplantation and the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act: A Fifty-Year Perspective" (Hastings Center Report 48, no. 2, 2018), Blair Sadler and Alfred Sadler, both advisors to the original UAGA drafting committee, write: "During the past fifty years, the UAGA has provided a sound and stable platform on which to base an effective nationwide organ donation system. The cardinal principles of altruism, autonomy, and public trust are important.
"… The past fifty years have brought a commendable significant increase in the number of lives saved through organ donation. However, the widening gap between the number of transplants performed and the number of people eligible for transplants is unacceptable. The UAGA provides a uniform and effective legal platform that preserves trust and is consistent with American values. Strong and committed leadership is needed to significantly reduce, if not eliminate, waiting lists for organs."
The original UAGA represented a great achievement in American law, sweeping away the antiquated principles of the common law and the inadequate provisions of existing organ donor legislation, thus eliminating many of the impediments to the transplantation of vital organs. The original UAGA established the principle of consent and voluntary donation – it assumed that a donated organ was a "gift." Fifty years later, UAGA remains an important act, and an achievement which the ULC should be justly proud.
The Sadler Brothers attended the 2018 Annual Meeting in Louisville and addressed the commissioners at the opening session. They ended their address by saying:
"The core principles of the UAGA are as valid today as they were in 1968. The Act has provided a sound and stable legal platform on which to base a transplant system. The number of transplants has steadily increased, to 38,000 – last year alone, an increase from 5,000 in 1995. Today, more than 141 million Americans are registered donors, which is over 55% of the eligible population. Unfortunately, the number of people waiting for transplants has grown even faster –117,000 last year, of whom 7000 died waiting for an organ.
"What are solutions? We must tackle head on – the runaway epidemic of obesity and diabetes which is creating an enormous need for more kidney transplants. In addition, some components of the current decentralized American system do not function optimally. More must be done to improve our system of organ procurement organizations, transplant centers, and donor registries.
"We thank Dean Stason and the members of his committee for their great work -- and for the opportunity to work closely with them. It was a life changing experience for us ---and we are honored to have been a part of it.
Congratulations to the Uniform Law Commission and your diligent work that has helped save the lives of thousands over the past 50 years!"


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Enumerations in Java are treated as proper objects.
Iterating Over A Enum
An enum can be iterated over by using a for in the following way:
for(MyEnum myEnum: MyEnum.values()) {
 // Your code here
Indexing An Array Using An Enum
Because enumerations are proper objects, there is no way to directly use an enumeration as a index to a array (or any type of Collection for that matter). This is unlike C++, in where an enum is essentially a integer, and can be treated as such.
The recommended way is not use a enum as an array index at all, but rather replace the use of the array with a EnumMap instead.
O.K., so you really, really want to use an enum as an array index? This is not recommended, but you can use a Java enum as an array index by using the method enum.toOrdinal().
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