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Automotive Complex Die Cast
Fuel efficiency of automotive integrated automotive engine parts is critical. Unnecessary fuel consumption comes from inefficient automotive parts. However, BEST PARTS specializes in the development and development of automotive engine parts, all from die castings.
Our proprietary die casting process combined with precision die casting combines the efficiency of automotive integrated engine parts to work with any alloy that meets the strength, weight and durability requirements.
Why Choose Us
1. Advanced inspection equipment to ensure strict quality and control as well as precise specifications.
2. We are a direct manufacturer with extensive experience in packaging machine parts and medical parts.
3. Custom inspection report and proof of materials.
4. Various drawing formats are available. For example: AutoCAD and so on.
5. Young people manage their teams with efficient productivity, rapid response and modern business philosophy.
Die Casting Advantage
Die casting can have significant advantages over other manufacturing processes, which can often result in significant cost savings, not only in terms of part price, but also overall production cost. When casting parts, you can create complex mesh shapes, including external threads and complex internal features. You can also combine multiple parts into one part, eliminating assembly operations and reducing labor costs, while also simplifying inventory control and enhancing part consistency.
Other benefits include:
1.Variable wall thickness
2.More tight tolerances
3.Fewer steps from raw materials to finished parts
4.Fast production cycle
6.Long tool life, especially zinc and magnesium


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Definition: RTGS, is a short form for Real-Time Gross Settlement. It is a facility provided by the banks, that allows instant and complete settlement of funds from one bank to another and from one place to another, on an individual order basis. This means that the transactions are settled at the same time when they take place and so there is no waiting period.
Payments made through RTGS are final in nature which cannot be revoked. Moreover, the prescheduling of a transaction is allowed.
RTGS is mainly used for the high-value interbank transfer of money, in order to mitigate the risk of settlement and fraud.
Details Required for RTGS
The person (sender) who initiates the transfer must have the following details:
- Indian Financial System Code (IFSC) of the beneficiary's bank.
- Name of beneficiary
- Account number of the beneficiary
- Amount to be remitted
- Name of the beneficiary's bank and branch
- Account number of the sender/originator
Along with this, the bank branches of both the parties need to be RTGS-enabled, only then the transaction will be processed.
Minimum and Maximum Limit
This system is primarily developed to facilitate the transfer of large value funds between parties. Hence the least amount which is transferred through this system is Rs. 2 lakhs, while no maximum ceiling is there in RTGS.
Banks provide this service for a specified fee, wherein inward transactions are free, but a certain amount is charged on the outward transaction, depending upon the amount remitted.
How to do RTGS?
To transfer funds using RTGS, the first thing you require is the activation of internet banking facility. For this purpose, you need to visit your bank branch and complete the formalities for its activation. Nowadays, one can activate this facility online also using the concerned bank's website.
- Log in to the web portal, using the UserID and password.
- Once you enter the user ID and password, you will land at your account and profile where you have to select the profile.
- Thereafter click on Add and manage beneficiary.
- Then, you need to enter your profile password and click the submit button.
- You will see various options for adding a beneficiary, choose the relevant option as per your need.
- Upon clicking the appropriate option, you will be asked to fill the details of the beneficiary.
- Check the details and click on approve now button.
- Next click on the approve beneficiary radio button, where you will have two options – Approve through ATM, or Approve through OTP
- If you choose to approve through OTP, you will receive a high-security password at your registered mobile number, linked to the account. Now simply enter the password and click on approve button.
- Once the beneficiary is added the following steps are required to follow:
- Go to the payment/transfer tab and click inter-bank transfer.
- Select the Transaction Type, i.e RTGS and go to fund transfer section
- A list of beneficiaries will be displayed, select the beneficiary/payee
- Enter the amount to be transferred
- Select the checkbox stating that you agree with the terms of service and accept.
- Review the details and confirm.
In this way, the amount will be transferred successfully to the beneficiary's account.
Advantages of RTGS
- RTGS is one of the safest as well as the fastest mode of interbank transfer
- This facility is available on all business days, whose timings may vary from bank to bank.
- It is an immediate fund transfer mechanism.
- It is a paperless transfer of funds.
- The beneficiary is not required to visit the bank, to deposit the money.
- The funds can be transferred using the internet banking service.
Limitations of RTGS
- RTGS does not provide the facility to track the transaction to its customers, as only the positive confirmation feature is implemented by the central bank in which the remitting bank gets a message of fund transfer to the beneficiary bank, from the central bank.
In general, the beneficiary branches may receive funds in real-time, i.e. as and when the funds are sent by the remitting bank. The beneficiary bank has to credit the fund in the account of the beneficiary, within half an hour of the funds' transfer message.
However, if the funds are not transferred to the beneficiary's account due to the reasons like account frozen, or non-existence of account, then the funds are returned to the originating bank. Moreover, if there is a delay in refunding the failed amount, the initiating party is entitled to receive compensation at the current repo rate + 2%

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Reasoning about Causality in Games
AI-generated Key Points
- The paper "Reasoning about Causality in Games" focuses on the intersection of causal reasoning and game-theoretic reasoning.
- The authors propose a formal framework that supports both forms of reasoning through structural causal games.
- The paper considers three key questions: how can the (causal) dependencies in games be modeled in a uniform, principled manner; how may causal queries be computed in causal games, and what assumptions does this require; and how do causal games compare to existing formalisms?
- To address question one, the authors introduce mechanized games that encode dependencies between agents' decision rules and the distributions governing the game.
- For question two, they present definitions of predictions, interventions, and counterfactuals, discussing the assumptions required for each.
- Regarding question three, they describe correspondences between causal games and other formalisms while explaining how causal games can answer queries that other models do not support.
- The paper also highlights possible applications of causal games aided by an extensive open-source Python library.
- One such application is settable systems inspired by generalised structural causal models used to capture optimization, equilibria, and learning.
Authors: Lewis Hammond, James Fox, Tom Everitt, Ryan Carey, Alessandro Abate, Michael Wooldridge
Abstract: Causal reasoning and game-theoretic reasoning are fundamental topics in artificial intelligence, among many other disciplines: this paper is concerned with their intersection. Despite their importance, a formal framework that supports both these forms of reasoning has, until now, been lacking. We offer a solution in the form of (structural) causal games, which can be seen as extending Pearl's causal hierarchy to the game-theoretic domain, or as extending Koller and Milch's multi-agent influence diagrams to the causal domain. We then consider three key questions: i) How can the (causal) dependencies in games - either between variables, or between strategies - be modelled in a uniform, principled manner? ii) How may causal queries be computed in causal games, and what assumptions does this require? iii) How do causal games compare to existing formalisms? To address question i), we introduce mechanised games, which encode dependencies between agents' decision rules and the distributions governing the game. In response to question ii), we present definitions of predictions, interventions, and counterfactuals, and discuss the assumptions required for each. Regarding question iii), we describe correspondences between causal games and other formalisms, and explain how causal games can be used to answer queries that other causal or game-theoretic models do not support. Finally, we highlight possible applications of causal games, aided by an extensive open-source Python library.
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What is IPTV? Complete Divination Guide
What is IPTV
What is IPTV What is IPTV? The abbreviation of IPTV is Internet Protocol television. what is iptv mean PTV refers to Internet-based Protocol Television where the internet is used to deliver TV programs & Videos that are either live or on-demand. IPTV is a system where digital television service is delivered to the subscriber through … Read more


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||工作價值觀、組織承諾與知識分享間關係之研究 : 以某國防科技研發機構為例|
|Other Titles: ||The relationships among work value, organizational commitment and knowledge sharing : case of a defense technology research and development institute|
|Authors: ||王麗玲;Wang, Li-Ling|
王居卿;文馨瑩;Wang, Chu-Ching;Wen, Son-Ya
|Keywords: ||工作價值觀;組織承諾;知識分享;Work Value;Organizational Commitment;knowledge sharing|
|Issue Date: ||2011-06-16 21:59:49 (UTC+8)|
The main purpose of this research is to find the relationships among work value organizational commitment and knowledge sharing – case of a defense technology research and development institute. This research is begun from reviewing relevant articles, and then sets up framework and hypotheses of this research according to its theoretical foundation, selects the proper scales to conduct empirical survey. 300 copies of questionnaires were issued based on stratified convenience sampling. The effective response sample is 275 copies which account for effective rate of 91.67%. Based on these effective responses, several quantitative analytical methods are used which include reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. After the empirical research, the major findings as follows:
1. In the influence of work value to organizational commitment, the more purpose value orientations and health value orientations employees were, the stronger was the organizational commitment. Work value orientations has not significantly positive effect on organizational commitment.
2. In the influence of organizational commitment to knowledge sharing, the stronger organizational commitment employees were, the higher were the knowledge sharing motivation and knowledge sharing behavior.
3. In the influence of work value to knowledge sharing motivation, only the more purpose value orientations employees who have the higher knowledge sharing motivation. Utility value orientations and health value orientations have not significantly positive effect on knowledge sharing motivation. Moreover, the more purpose value orientations and health value orientations employees were, the higher was the knowledge sharing behavior. Utility value orientations has not significantly positive effect on knowledge sharing behavior.
4. Organizational commitment had only the partial mediation effect on the relationship between work value and knowledge sharing.
|Appears in Collections:||[企業管理學系暨研究所] 學位論文|
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Overview - TOUCH2 LEARN TEXTURE CARDS
Touch2 Learn Texture Cards are an excellent learning tool that contains five sets of cards (45 cards), each with its own texture and theme. Each set has cards for the numerals 1-9 and is designed to help you teach number recognition, numeral/quantity association, counting and vocabulary. The back of the cards show the numeral with TouchPoints and Touching/Counting Patterns. Perfect for tactile/kinesthetic learning.
- Forest Animals
- Sea Life
For Pre-K, K, RTI and Special Education.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What is the Capital of Cuba?
What is the Capital of Cuba? Cuba's capital is Havana. Havana is a beautiful city where the streets are decorated with colorful houses, classical cars and artists.
Where is HavanaWhere is Havana?
Havana has been suffering in every period of its history, but it can be said that the capital of the country where people who have always stood up for freedom are living in Havana.
When did Havana Become the Capital?
Old Havana
the Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founded the city in 1515, near the city of Batabanó today. In 1519 Havana was moved to where it is today. The city develops as a result of the location's suitability and becomes an important commercial and military port.
It was attacked by a number of pirates, who were loaded with valuable treasures by Spanish ships. The city was burned in 1538 and plundered in 1553/1555. Havana became the capital of Cuba, the Spanish colony in 1607. Great Britain took the city in 1762, and then exchanged it for Florida. By passing the city back to the Spanish, it is structured as America's strongest protected city.
In the forbidden period in the US, it has become a popular attraction for American tourists. Although nightclubs and casinos were able to survive with the removal of the bans in the United States, they were closed following the Cuban revolution of 1959. Cuban revolutionaries took Havana on 3 January 1959 following the revolution.
Features of Havana
Capital of Cuba
It has a population of 2.11 million by 2018. The surface area is 728.3 square kilometers. Cuba has a semi-tropical climate. During short winter periods, they wind up with short-term winds coming from the north. The temperature difference between summer and winter is not much. The average annual temperature is 26 degrees. While there is rainfall between May and October in the country, it is dry between November and April.
Iy is Cuba's most important industrial region. Especially metal products, machinery and chemical products are important. Apart from these, rum, drinks such as Havana Club, tobacco and textile products are the other essential ones. Cigars produced in Cuba are called Havana.
The city is also the most important transportation center of the country. It has both an important natural harbor and an international airport. Havana Bay is one of the safest ports in the world. The passage to the open sea is limited by a very narrow passage, due to the natural formation of the shore line.
Important Places to See in Havana
Plaza de La Revolucion
It is one of Cuba's most visited cities, which is still influenced by the communist government. The Plaza de La Revolucion, where many events were carried out under the leadership of legendary leaders, attracts many tourists with its historical buildings, museums, and people's lifestyle. At the beginning of places to visit; Plaza de La Revolucion, Capitolio Nacional, and Plaza de Armas.


Role of Incident Commander Examined at Expo
The initial actions of an incident commander can have a profound effect on the end result of a fire or emergency situation. That's why it's important for any officer pulling on the scene first know what to do and when, says Michael Daley, a lieutenant and training and rescue officer with Monroe Township, N.J.
Coverage of Firehouse Expo 2012
Daley presented a class called "First Due? Then It's Up To You! The Role of the Initial Incident Commander" at the Firehouse Expo in Baltimore.
"Lack of ICS, inadequate risk assessment and lack of accountability are real problems," Daley said, noting that inadequate communications and poor standard operating procedures are also factors in poor results at fire scenes and lost property.
"If you don't know the rules on how to play, how do you go out the door and try to place by the rules," Daley asked rhetorically.
One of the first things an incident commander must decide when arriving on the scene of a working fire is whether to attack the fire offensively or go to a defensive mode, Daley said. The conditions found will dictate which tactic the officer should take.
Remembering the time honored mission of firefighters, to protect life and property, Daley said houses and buildings of today's construction leave very little time for rescue and fire suppression before fire consumes them.
Humans succumb to fire at temperatures about 212 degrees, the temperature at which water boils – a very low temperature when it comes to fire and some buildings can get to a point of flashover in five minutes or less.
Smoke is also extremely toxic when compared to fires in legacy buildings with natural materials and heavy construction, Daley said, noting that an initial incident commander has to determine whether a fire is survivable or not immediately upon arriving to effectively dictate fire attacks.
Daley said it's also important for incident commanders to remain situationally aware at all times, something that is difficult to achieve when an officer is assigned to tasks at a fire scene.
"The IC should give an initial radio report and take 30 seconds or so and do a quick walk around to see what's going on and get his head in the game," Daley said.
After establishing command, giving an initial assessment, first due officers should then develop an action plan and determine if they have sufficient resources to care it out, he said.
Using slides and scenario based situations, Daley walked the class attendees through a sequence of what should happen on a fire scene.
Given a structure fire in a 2,000 square foot residential building, Daley walked the audience through an exercise on how many firefighters it would take to handle the fire on a first alarm.
Based on a thumbnail analysis, the participants decided it would take upwards of 19 firefighters to achieve all the tasks normally assigned at residential house fires.
"How many people in here can get 19 firefighters on a first alarm," Daley asked. Not a single person raised a hand. "That's what I thought."
Given that reality, Daley said the incident commander will have to make decisions based on staffing.
"You might say; 'I've got a lot going on, I don't have a lot of manpower, I'm going to focus on extinguishment,'" Daley said. "You might decide to go to defensive first and then go into an offense." As staffing arrives on the scene, or conditions change, it's good to reassess going offensively or defensively and not being afraid to switch tactics.
"Make a plan and stick with it, but don't be afraid to make adjustments if the situation changes," Daley said. "Make a plan, but keep plans B, C and D in your pocket."
Daley acknowledged that in his years of experience, he's lost a few structures -- its part of the business. But, one should always try to avoid that scenario if possible.
That's why he is a devotee of reading smoke, Daley said. It's a good indicator of how the fire is progressing and what might happen next. As velocity, volume and color changes, it can tell if firefighters are making a successful attack, or if conditions are deteriorating which would dictate a change in strategy.
Officers should also learn to truck their "gut feeling," Daley said. As officers gain more experience, they become aware when things just are not right and when "things aren't going to taste good when it's all done." That instinct shouldn't be ignored, Daley said.
When all is said and done, one of the best things to do is to an after action critique, Daley said.
"Don't be afraid to bash it around a little bit," Daley said. "Critiquing a fire is one of the best ways to learn."
See all of Michael Daley's contributions to Firehouse.


The Meaning Behind the Name
Live Fire:
The oldest, highest art of mastery in cooking, using an open flame to control the variables of temperature, taste, and texture.
A collective state of the people empowered by the people
Live Fire Republic:
The term Live Fire Republic best represents a global community of chef and home cooks, today and for thousands of years before, who create unique culinary experiences and prepare the most memorable fare using the application of open flame.


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Change Collision Shapes
A collision shape is the surface area around an object that gets affected when two objects from different collision groups collide.
For example, even though it looks like the ball in the image on the left can clearly make it over the cone obstacle, it will actually collide with it. If you click the Collision Shape Editor button in the scene, you will see in the image on the right that the cubic collision shape of the ball will graze the top of the conic collision shape of the obstacle. If not, see Viewing Collision Shapes.
Here's what you need to know about collision shapes:
- A collision shape may be the same physical shape as the object or be of different shape, for example, a cone can have a cylinder collision shape.
- You can expand a collision shape in size, as if to add padding to the object, typically to increase the collision surface of the object.
- You can also move a collision shape away from the object.
Thus, when two assets collide, for example, when a character runs into an obstacle, it is their collision shapes that get affected, not the objects themselves.
To change a collision shape of an asset:
- On the Mind Map, double-click the World node where you want to change a collision shape of an asset.
The Scene Editor is displayed.
- On the toolbar, click the Collision Shape Editor button.
- Select the asset in the scene.
- In the Options panel on the right, in the Collision Shape field, select the shape you need.
- Mesh—A sophisticated shape, with outer and inner vertices created to reflect the shape details, such as a hole in a torus, for example, which would let objects go through it during a collision.
- Hull—A "solid" shape that reflects only the outer frame of the selected shape, without details such as a hole in a torus, for example. No objects can go through a Hull collision shape.
- If you select Mesh or Hull, in the Collision Mesh field that appears below, click the Edit icon and select the appropriate shape from Mesh Manager and click Save.


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Purchase this article with an account.
B.L. Lam, S.L. Christ, D.J. Lee, D.D. Zheng, A.J. Caban; Examination of Associations Between Visual Impairment and Mortality Risk Using Structural Equation Modeling. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006;47(13):3487.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
Visual impairment (VI) is associated with increased risk of mortality in some studies; however potential mechanisms through which VI may impact mortality risk are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between VI and mortality using structural equation modeling (SEM).
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a multistage area probability cross–sectional survey of the US civilian non–institutionalized population. Selected families are interviewed using a primary household respondent with all adults at home participating in the interview. A randomly selected group of NHIS participants was administered a chronic conditions list that included questions about VI. Mortality linkage with over 96% of participants from the 1986–1994 NHIS was performed by the National Center for Health Statistics through 1997. Complete data were available on 116,796 adults 18 years of age and older. SEM modeling was completed with adjustment for the complex sample survey design using the M–Plus statistical package.
Mortality linkage identified 8,949 deaths; the average follow–up was 7.0 years. After controlling for age, gender, self–rated health, and eye disease modeled as a latent variable, some VI and severe bilateral VI were significantly associated with risk of mortality (Hazard Ratios, HR= 1.44, 95% CI: [1.08–1.92]; 3.03, [1.48–6.20], respectively). There was also evidence that VI influenced mortality indirectly via its association with self–rated health.
SEM is a powerful and flexible analytic tool for examining the indirect and direct effects of VI on survival. Additional research applying this analytic tool to more complex models including other important risk factors such as smoking and intervening variables such as functional health status is needed to better understand the role that VI plays in mortality risk.
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Locating an Acoustic Beacon with a Passive Sonar System
This example shows how to simulate a passive sonar system. A stationary underwater acoustic beacon is detected and localized by a towed passive array in a shallow-water channel. The acoustic beacon transmits a 10 millisecond pulse at 37.5 kilohertz every second, and is modeled as an isotropic projector. The locator system tows a passive array beneath the surface, which is modeled as a uniform linear array. Once the acoustic beacon signal is detected, a direction of arrival estimator is used to locate the beacon.
Define the Underwater Channel
In this example, the acoustic beacon is located at the bottom of a shallow water channel, which is 200 meters deep. A passive array is towed beneath the surface to locate the beacon.
First, create a multipath channel to transmit the signal between the beacon and passive array. Consider ten propagation paths including the direct path and reflections from the top and bottom surfaces. The paths generated by
isopaths will be used by the multipath channel,
channel, to simulate the signal propagation.
propSpeed = 1520; channelDepth = 200; OperatingFrequency = 37.5e3; isopaths = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',channelDepth,... 'NumPathsSource','Property','NumPaths',10,'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed); channel = phased.MultipathChannel('OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency);
Define the Acoustic Beacon and Passive Array
Acoustic Beacon Waveform
Define the waveform emitted by the acoustic beacon. The waveform is a rectangular pulse having a 1 second repetition interval and 10 millisecond width.
prf = 1; pulseWidth = 10e-3; pulseBandwidth = 1/pulseWidth; fs = 2*pulseBandwidth; wav = phased.RectangularWaveform('PRF',prf,'PulseWidth',pulseWidth,... 'SampleRate',fs); channel.SampleRate = fs;
Next, define the acoustic beacon, which is located 1 meter above the bottom of the channel. The acoustic beacon is modeled as an isotropic projector. The acoustic beacon waveform will be radiated to the far field.
projector = phased.IsotropicProjector('VoltageResponse',120); projRadiator = phased.Radiator('Sensor',projector,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency); beaconPlat = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[5000; 2000; -199],... 'Velocity',[0; 0; 0]);
Passive Towed Array
A passive towed array will detect and localize the source of the pings, and is modeled as a five-element linear array with half-wavelength spacing. The passive array has velocity of 1 m/s in the y-direction. The array axis is oriented parallel to the direction of travel.
hydrophone = phased.IsotropicHydrophone('VoltageSensitivity',-150); array = phased.ULA('Element',hydrophone,... 'NumElements',5,'ElementSpacing',propSpeed/OperatingFrequency/2,... 'ArrayAxis','y'); arrayCollector = phased.Collector('Sensor',array,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency); arrayPlat = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[0; 0; -10],... 'Velocity',[0; 1; 0]);
Define the receiver amplifier for each hydrophone element. Choose a gain of 20 dB and noise figure of 10 dB.
rx = phased.ReceiverPreamp(... 'Gain',20,... 'NoiseFigure',10,... 'SampleRate',fs,... 'SeedSource','Property',... 'Seed',2007);
Simulate the Passive Sonar System
Activate the acoustic beacon and transmit ten pings. After the propagation delay, the pings appear as peaks in the received signals of the array.
x = wav(); numTransmits = 10; rxsig = zeros(size(x,1),5,numTransmits); for i = 1:numTransmits % Update array and acoustic beacon positions [pos_tx,vel_tx] = beaconPlat(1/prf); [pos_rx,vel_rx] = arrayPlat(1/prf); % Compute paths between the acoustic beacon and array [paths,dop,aloss,rcvang,srcang] =... isopaths(pos_tx,pos_rx,vel_tx,vel_rx,1/prf); % Propagate the acoustic beacon waveform tsig = projRadiator(x,srcang); rsig = channel(tsig,paths,dop,aloss); % Collect the propagated signal rsig = arrayCollector(rsig,rcvang); % Store the received pulses rxsig(:,:,i) = abs(rx(rsig)); end
Plot the last received pulse. Because of the multiple propagation paths, each ping is a superposition of multiple pulses.
t = (0:length(x)-1)'/fs; plot(t,rxsig(:,end)) xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Signal Amplitude (V)')
Estimate the Direction of Arrival
Estimate the direction of arrival of the acoustic beacon with respect to the array. Create a MUSIC estimator object, specifying a single source signal and the direction of arrival as an output. Use a scan angle grid with 0.1 degree spacing.
musicspatialspect = phased.MUSICEstimator('SensorArray',array,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',... OperatingFrequency,'ScanAngles',-90:0.1:90,'DOAOutputPort',true,... 'NumSignalsSource','Property','NumSignals',1);
Next, collect pings for 500 more repetition intervals. Estimate the direction of arrival for each repetition interval, and compare the estimates to the true direction of arrival.
numTransmits = 500; angPassive = zeros(numTransmits,1); angAct = zeros(numTransmits,1); for i = 1:numTransmits % Update array and acoustic beacon positions [pos_tx,vel_tx] = beaconPlat(1/prf); [pos_rx,vel_rx] = arrayPlat(1/prf); % Compute paths between acoustic beacon and the array [paths,dop,aloss,rcvang,srcang] =... isopaths(pos_tx,pos_rx,vel_tx,vel_rx,1/prf); angAct(i) = rcvang(1,1); % Propagate the acoustic beacon waveform tsig = projRadiator(x,srcang); rsig = channel(tsig,paths,dop,aloss); % Collect the propagated signal rsig = arrayCollector(rsig,rcvang); rxsig = rx(rsig); % Estimate the direction of arrival [~,angPassive(i)] = musicspatialspect(rxsig); end
Plot the estimated arrival angles and the true directions of arrival for each pulse repetition interval.
plot([angPassive angAct]) xlabel('Pulse Number') ylabel('Arrival angle (degrees)') legend('Estimated DOA','Actual DOA')
The estimated and actual directions of arrival agree to within less than one degree.
In this example, the transmission of acoustic pings between a beacon and passive array was simulated in a shallow-water channel. Each ping was received along ten acoustic paths. The direction of arrival of the beacon was estimated with respect to the passive array for each received ping and compared to the true direction of arrival. The direction of arrival could be used to locate and recover the beacon.
Urick, Robert. Principles of Underwater Sound. Los Altos, California: Peninsula Publishing, 1983.


Emmanuil Evzerikhin
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The Barmaley Fountain in 1942, photographed by Emmanuil Evzerikhin after the Battle of Stalingrad. It has become his most iconic photograph.
Emmanuil Evzerikhin (Russian - Эммануил Ноевич Евзерихин), (July 22, 1911, Rostov-on-Don - March 28, 1984, Moscow) was a Russian photographer.
He was born in 1911 in Rostov-on-Don. In the late 1930s he worked for «Press Cliche TASS» as a photo chronicler.
In 1934 he moved to Moscow where he was able to photograph all the main events of the era - the congress of the Comintern and the congress of Soviets where the constitution was adopted, constructions, parades and Arctic expeditions. He photographed Maxim Gorky and Mikhail Kalinin and famous pilots Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov.
During World War II he was on a number on fronts but his most famous photographs were taken in Stalingrad. He participated in the liberation of Minsk, Warsaw and Konigsberg.
After the war he taught photography and lectured around the country.
He died in 1984.
Author's book[edit]
Emmanuil Evzerikhin, Ed. PLACETDITIONS, 2007, 392 pages, ISBN 978-5-93332-206-1


unk UNK ( - )
1. unk UNK married unk WALLER.
unk WALLER was the son of Richard WALLER (bef1690- ) and Jane PIKE ( - ). He and unk UNK had the following children:
William WALLER (bef1759- )
Second Generation
2. William WALLER, son of unk WALLER and unk UNK, was born before 1759. He was an Ironmonger. He married Rebecca PRIOR on 2 February 1780 in Fareham.
Rebecca PRIOR and William WALLER had the following children:
Thomas WALLER (bef1786- )
Third Generation
3. Thomas WALLER, son of William WALLER and Rebecca PRIOR, was born before 1786. He was a Carpenter. He married Sarah BESWICK on 11 May 1807.
Sarah BESWICK was born in 1786. She died in 1786. She and Thomas WALLER had the following children:
Thomas Walter WALLER (_PHONE_). Thomas was born in 1808 in Bursledon, Hampshire. He was a Cabinet Maker. He died on 10 February 1872. He was buried in Southampton Cemetery.


text:
'Fiber Optic Grass'
- Slender green foliage,
- Tips are buff colored flowers
- Flowers resemble the look of fiber optic lights
- Great in containers or beds and borders
Bright green grasslike plant with small fluffy flowers at the stem tips
Growing and Maintenance Tips for
Fiber Optic Grass is a neutral grass. Where temperatures get colder than 20 degrees F, the plants should be treated as annuals. Once the grass turns brown it can either be removed immediately or removed in the spring. It should not be expected to live through the winter and begin growing again in the spring. In areas where winter temperatures remain above 20 degrees it should be considered a perennial and the following information should be useful. Evergreen or neutral grasses are usually plants that look like grasses but aren't actually classified as grasses, they are generally called grass-like plants. Divide evergreen or neutral grasses and grass-like plants in spring only. Evergreen grasses don't ever go dormant. Dividing plants wounds them to some degree. For evergreen grasses this wounding will really affect their ability to live through the winter.


text:
Income disparities growing faster in Finland than in any other OECD country
Favourable tax breaks on capital income seen as primary explanatory variable
According to a recent survey conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the gap between rich and poor has widened more in Finland than in any other wealthy industrialized country over the past decade. The survey indicates that he income disparities grew in Finland particularly fast in the period from 1995 to 2005.
The only other country with almost the same pace was Canada.
Statistics over the past two decades show that the growth in income disparities was highest in New Zealand, with Finland coming in second. However, New Zealand's income gap widened only in the period from 1985 to 1995, while the past decade no longer saw any significant growth in the country's Gini-coefficient figures, the standard unit of measurement in this context.
In spite of the rapid growth rate, Finland is still a country with low inequality of incomes, clearly below the average. Among 30 OECD countries Finland is seventh, while Denmark and Sweden are in a class of their own with the lowest income disparity of all.
Finland has rapidly moved from a traditional Nordic country with equal income, progeressive taxation, and income transfers towards Anglo-Saxon countries having a more pronounced inequality of earnings.
According to the survey, Finland is also one of the few countries where inequality of incomes has grown between the rich and the middle-class, and not only between rich and poor.
The results came as no surprise to Ilpo Suoniemi, a researcher at the Labour Institute for Economic Research.
"The change is a consequence of the tax reform in 1993", Suoniemi reports.
In this post-recession reform the difference between the tax rates on earned income and capital income was made notably wide when compared with other OECD countries.
As a consequence, the differences between assessed incomes have been growing in Finland rapidly, while the disparities between gross earnings remain clearly smaller, Suoniemi notes.
In terms of net income, the earnings of the richest 1% of people have doubled in Finland over ten years, having grown from 3.5 % to 7 %. More than half of the earnings of this small group were in the form of capital income, of which the growth in dividend revenues was particularly high.
The taxation system encouraging income disparities was enacted under a non-socialist government. Since then the colours of governments have changed, but the legislation has not been amended, because politicians have feared capital outflow.
In Suoniemi's view such a danger hardly exists today.
The upcoming recession could shrink the gap between rich and poor if companies' ability to pay dividends weakens. On the other hand, unemployment is also likely to increase, and nothing increases income disparities as much as mass unemployment is bound to do.
Nevertheless, unless taxation is amended, the same trend, i.e. wider income inequality, will continue even after the period of economic decline.
Taxation is one of the key factors when it comes to the noticeable growth in income disparities in the entire OECD area, in which the gaps have grown in two-thirds of the member countries. However, the growth has been much slower in all other countries except for Finland.
The most distinct growth in income disparities has been noticed between rich and poor. In addition to Finland, only in Canada, Germany, Italy, Norway, and the USA has the gap between the rich and the middle class widened clearly as well.
Among ordinary people, some have been doing worse than some others. The income development of those who are approaching pensionable age or are retired already has been the best in relation to others.
The status of families with children has weakened, while single parents are in the worst position. Their likelihood to suffer from poverty is threefold compared with the average.
Many people do not regard the growth in earnings as bad at all. The OECD does not share that opinion.
"Ignoring the growing income disparities is not an option. It is a dangerous way, with inevitable social and political consequences", says Secretary-General Angel Gurría, speaking at the launching event of the survey.
The key question at issue is to improve employment. Low education leads to unemployment, which in turn leads to poverty. The OECD urges governments to invest in the education of their labour force.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD
Labour Institute for Economic Research
Gini Coefficient (Wikipedia)


text:
who are short on time:
For coaches of
kids aged 5-8:
For coaches of
kids aged 9-11:
For coaches of
kids aged 12-15:
For coaches of
who need warm-ups:
soccer goalkeepers guide to communication and
|As well as teaching positioning, how
to save shots and start the next attack, you must teach and encourage your goalkeepers to
communicate with the rest of the team.
Silence is definitely not golden
Good, timely communication is a habit that needs to be formed early in your goakeeper's
career but don't expect seven, eight or even nine-year-olds to be able to organise
defensive walls and warn team mates that they've left an attacker unmarked.
Spotting when a defender loses track of an attacker, when defenders are watching the ball
instead of watching opposition players or when they are leaving big gaps that forwards can
run into requires experience that can only be gained by playing lots of matches.
You should, however, encourage even very young players to claim the ball by shouting
"KEEPER!" in the loudest voice they can muster when the ball rolls into the box
and they are in a position to pick it up.
As she gains experience, your goalkeeper should also be calling "KEEPER!" when
the ball is crossed into the penalty area and she should also be telling her defenders to
get the ball by shouting "AWAY!" when the ball is in the box and she can't get
By the time your players are 10 or 11, your goalkeeper should be telling her team mates -
loudly and specifically - where to go at corners and be able to organise a defensive wall.
The key words at this age are "loud" and "specific".
It's not much use whispering "mark up".
If your 'keeper doesn't shout her instructions in a loud voice, the likelihood is nothing
will happen but if someone does hear her, they will just look around in confusion.
Instead, defenders should be told - by name and in a very loud voice - what to do.
E.G. "CHLOE - watch the player on your left!" or "JOE - mark the number
How to practise
Good communication can be encouraged and ingrained in your goalkeepers by playing short
4v4 matches in which they are given the objective of giving two or three instructions to
What to say to your goalkeeper:
"Tell your defenders what to do."
"If you want the ball, shout 'KEEPER!' in a very loud voice."
Goalkeeping can be tough, especially on young players who are just starting to learn the
skills they need.
They will make mistakes and they will let in shots that, next season, they will save
That's if they are still a goalkeeper next season. The pressure on children to give up the
position of goalkeeper is hard to resist if they are criticised by their team mates in
their first few weeks or months.
So you have to make sure that your players know that criticism of team mates is not
allowed. We all make mistakes - it's part of the learning process - and to have a go at
any player because they miss a shot, mistime a tackle or fumble a save is unfair and
At the same time, tell your goalkeeper(s) that you expect them to make mistakes, that no
one expects them to keep every shot out of the net and when they do make an error they
should try to forget it straightaway.
If they are allowed to dwell on what's just happened they will probably make another
mistake... and another.
But it's just as important to make sure your 'keeper doesn't blame her team mates for
allowing the other team to shoot at her - if she gets into the habit of blaming others
when the team concedes a goal, she can come to believe that goals are never her fault and
she doesn't need to improve.
What to say to your players:
"Goalkeepers never let goals in, it's the team that concedes a goal."
Coaching very young goalkeepers
Four and five-year-olds can practise the basics of goalkeeping by playing throwing,
catching and kicking games.
Simple games like Sit Down are ideal:
- Put your players in a tight circle and toss the ball to each other.
- If a player drops the ball, they kneel on one knee. If they can catch the ball next time
it comes round, they stand up again but if they drop it for a second time they kneel on
both knees. Catch it next time and they stand up but a third drop means they have to sit
There's no winner, just play for a few minutes and congratulate everyone.
There are plenty more games for young goalkeepers on footy4kids.
Who's in goal today?
While I suggest you get all your players to have a go at being in goal during practice
sessions, putting the more nervous or younger players in goal during matches may be a step
too far for some of them.
If a player really don't want to go in goal, don't make them. An unwilling 'keeper won't
do much except stand on the goal line hoping the ball stays at the other end of the pitch
and when they do get a shot to save, they will probably freeze and watch the ball hit the
net. And that's no good for anyone.
Finally, please remember that young kids have a short attention span and may be watching a
butterfly, a bird or even a worm while the ball is rolling into the back of the net. Don't
let this bother you.
"Hey coach... I want to go in goal!"
You will find it much easier to find a player who wants to go in goal if you make the job
of shot-stopper a desirable one by:
Buying smart goalkeeper playing kit.
Allowing goalkeepers to play outfield - in a position of their choice - several times a
Making sure all your players - especially your 'keeper - know that the position of
goalkeeper is the hardest one on the team.
- Making the time to deliver dedicated goalkeeper coaching sessions.
For more soccer coaching tips and products visit Soccer Coaching Club.


text:
1. Begin with a slightly melted ice cube in your mouth. Kiss your guy and pass it back and forth. As it gets smaller and smaller, hide it in different places so he has to try to find it with his tongue.
2. Use the ice cube to trace a chilly path along his naked body and then follow it with your tongue. The temp change will heighten his pleasure, while the anticipation of watching where your lips go will send him over the edge.
3. Put the ice in your man's hand and guide it so that he draws circles around the outside of your breasts, slowly working his way toward your nipples.
4. While giving your guy oral, alternate putting your lips over his penis and lightly rubbing his shaft with the ice cube. The combination of your warm mouth and chilly temperature will make his jaw drop.
5. Ask him to touch you with it over your thin-skinned spots: wrists, inner elbow, behind your knees. Stimulating those sensitive areas feels so sensual.
6. When your guy is going down on you, have him alternate between lightly touching your clitoris with the ice and using his mouth and tongue. If you're extra-sensitive down there, try it with your underwear on.
7. Place the ice cube between your breasts and run it back and forth so that your skin feels cool and wet, then guide your man's penis between them for a hands-free massage.
8. Have him lightly run the ice cube along the soles and the perimeter of your feet. Believe it or not, the area of the brain that processes touch down there is nearby the zone that registers sensations to your genitals, speeding up your arousal.
9. Give your guy a sexy scalp rub with one hand and use the other to trail the ice along his hairline and temples, all the way down to the base of his neck.
10. Post-sex, slowly move the ice cube across your guy's back for a frisky cooldown, then ask him to return the favor.
Sources: Eric Garrison, certified sex counselor and author of Mastering Multiple Position Sex; Patti Britton, PhD, author of The Complete Idiot's Guide to Sensual Massage


JW6: Pseudo Streaming in Flash
Every HTML5 browser supports the ability for players to seek to not-yet-downloaded portions of a video. This functionality, often referred to as pseudo-streaming, is great for any video longer than a few minutes.
Unfortunately, this functionality is not available by default when playing videos in Flash. A work-around is possible though, by installing a web server module and adding the startparam option to your player setup.
How It Works
Pseudo-streaming works as follows: When the video is initially loaded, the player reads and stores a list of seekpoints as part of the video's metadata. These seekpoints are offsets in the video (both in seconds and in bytes) at which a new keyframe starts.
When a user seeks to a not-yet-downloaded part of the video, the player maps this seek to the nearest seekpoint. Next, the player does a request to the server, adding the seekpoint as a querystring parameter:
A special module in the webserver handles this request. It reads the video in memory and checks the seekpoints metadata. It finds and skips to the offset requested by the querystring parameter. It then returns the video to the browser, starting from that offset.
Because the first frame in each return is a keyframe, the player is able to correctly load and play it. Should the server have returned the video from an arbitrary offset, the player would not be able to pick up the stream and the display would only show garbage.
Server Modules
As said, Flash pseudo-streaming does not work by default on any web server. A server side module is needed to enable it. Here are the most widely used (and open source) modules for this:
Please refer to the project pages and documentation of these modules to learn how to build and install them. This falls outside the scope of the JW Player documentation.
Several CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) support Flash Pseudostreaming as well. We have done successful tests with Bitgravity (MP4 + FLV), Edgecast (MP4 + FLV) and Limelight (only FLV).
The querystring parameter that must be used to load video from an offset differs per module and CDN. Therefore, it can be set in the JW Player using the startparam configuration parameter. By setting this configuration option, you enable pseudo-streaming in Flash, using the parameter name you inserted.
Here is an example of a setup of JW Player, presenting an MP4 video. JW Player is setup to use the pseudo-streaming capabilities of the server. (In this case, EdgeCast):
 image: "/uploads/myPoster.jpg",
 file: "/uploads/myVideo.mp4",
 startparam: "ec_seek"
In our above code, you can see that we are utilizing Edgecast's ec_seek start parameter to enable pseudo-streaming in Flash. However, not all start parameters are the same. Below, we have an overview of different startparam values for different modules/CDNs:
Module/CDN startparam (MP4) startparam (FLV)
mod_h264 starttime start
mod_flvx - start
HttpFlvModule - start
HttpMp4Module start -
Bitgravity starttime apstart
Edgecast ec_seek ec_seek
Limelight ms fs
Nimble Streamer start start
Please sign in to leave your feedback for this article.
Still don't have JW Player? Get It Here


text:
Samsung second-generation eye mouse significantly enhances ease-of-use for people with disabilities
Samsung Electronics today introduced its second-generation eye mouse that allows people with disabilities to compose and edit documents as well as browse the web through simple eye movement. EYECAN+ is the first of its kind, as it does not require users to wear any device, such as glasses. Instead, EYECAN+ is a single-unit, portable box that sits below the monitor, and works by wirelessly calibrating with the user's eye. EYECAN+ requires the user to be situated between 60cm and 70cm from the monitor, and does not require the user to be in any specific position, as it can be used while seated or lying down.
Calibration is only required for first-time users, as EYECAN+ will remember each user's eye characteristics. Users can also adjust the sensitivity of EYECAN+ for both calibration and actual use. Once calibrated, the EYECAN+ user interface (UI) will appear as a pop-up menu in one of two different modes, rectangular menu board or floating menu wheel, both of which contain 18 different commands. Both menu types can be configured to remain at the fore of the screen. The use of all 18 commands solely requires eye movement and blinking, and each command can be selected by looking directly at the relevant icon and blinking once.
The 18 commands include "copy," "paste" and "select all," as well as "drag and drop," "scroll" and "zoom in." Additional custom commands can also be created to include existing keystroke commands, such as "close program" ("Alt+F4") and "print" ("Ctrl+P"). While Samsung will not commercialize EYECAN+, the company will manufacture a limited quantity to donate to charity organizations. Both the technology and design of EYECAN+ will soon be made open source, and made accessible to companies and organizations that wish to commercialize the eye mouse.


class Hash
View source on GitHub →
A set of key/value pairs.
Hash can be thought of as an associative array, binding unique keys to values (which are not necessarily unique), though it can not guarantee consistent order its elements when iterating. Because of the nature of JavaScript, every object is in fact a hash; but Hash adds a number of methods that let you enumerate keys and values, iterate over key/value pairs, merge two hashes together, and much more.
Creating a hash
You can create a Hash either via new Hash() or the convenience alias $H(); there is no difference between them. In either case, you may optionally pass in an object to seed the Hash. If you pass in a Hash, it will be cloned.


text:
A common theme among recruiters is that of looking for employees with "stable work histories." This criterion showed up in almost every recruiter's list of "must haves" for their positions. What is considered "stable" and why is it important?
According to Elaine Johnson, Director of Human Resources at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida, work history is a very important factor in considering a candidate.
"Work history is a way to validate that the candidate has been successful in the past," she said. "What's interesting is the way that the definition of 'stable work history' has changed over the years. Twenty years ago, 'stable' meant having one or two jobs during your lifetime. Now, three years on the same job is considered a long time."CONTINUE READING ON JACKSONVILLE.COM


text:
What is kleptomania?
People with kleptomania cannot resist the urge to steal items for the sake of stealing, not because they need or want the items, or because they cannot afford to buy them. Kleptomania is not the same thing as shoplifting. Most people who shoplift take things they want, need or cannot afford, or — as in the case of some teen shoplifters — because of peer pressure. Kleptomania is a type of impulse control disorder. Impulse control disorders are mental illnesses that involve the repeated failure to resist impulses, or urges, and to act in ways that are dangerous or harmful. People with these disorders know they can hurt themselves or others by acting on the impulses, but they cannot stop themselves.
How common is kleptomania?
Although shoplifting is common, true kleptomania is quite rare (0.3 to 0.6 percent of the general population). It has been estimated that between 4 and 24 percent of shoplifters have kleptomania. It is difficult to know exactly how many people have this disorder because it involves secrecy and deception. Kleptomania seems to be more common in females than in males.
Symptoms and Causes
What causes kleptomania?
Little is known about the exact cause of kleptomania. Researchers are looking at a possible link between impulse control disorders — including kleptomania — and certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters help nerve cells in the brain send messages to each other. An imbalance of these chemicals can affect how the brain controls impulses. It is believed that major stress might trigger the impulsive behavior.
People with kleptomania often have other mental disorders as well. The most common are depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse disorders. This suggests that there also might be a link between these disorders and the development of kleptomania.
What are the symptoms of kleptomania?
A person with kleptomania has a recurring drive to steal that he or she cannot resist. Some people with this disorder might feel guilty afterward and even try to return the objects they steal. Other symptoms that occur with kleptomania include the following:
- Sense of tension and excitement related to the impulse.
- Feeling of relief, satisfaction and/or pleasure after acting on an impulse to steal an item.
- Unplanned stealing that is done on the spur-of-the-moment.
- Stealing that is not done out of anger or to "get back at" someone.
Diagnosis and Tests
How is kleptomania diagnosed?
If symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical examination. There are no tests — such as X-rays or blood tests — to diagnose kleptomania, although tests might be used to rule out any physical cause for the behavior, such as a head injury or brain disorder.
The doctor might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist (healthcare professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses). Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a person for an impulse control disorder.
Management and Treatment
How is kleptomania treated?
Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the main treatment for impulse control disorders. The goal of therapy is to help the person understand why he or she acts on the impulse, and to learn how to respond to the urges in a more appropriate way. It also is important to treat any other disorders that might be present, such as depression or anxiety.
Treatment for kleptomania typically focuses on behavior management. In some cases, medication might be used as part of the treatment program. Certain antidepressant medications, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), might be useful in helping to curb very intense urges.
Other medications are being studied for use in people with kleptomania. One drug, naltrexone (Revia®, Vivitrol®), has shown some promise in controlling impulse-based behavior. The drug is now used to help alcoholics control the urge to drink.
Can kleptomania be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent kleptomania. However, getting treatment as soon as symptoms appear might help decrease any possible disruption to the person's life, family and friendships. Further, it might be helpful for the person to avoid situations that might trigger the urge to steal; for example, staying away from stores during times of stress.
Outlook / Prognosis
What is the outlook for people with kleptomania?
Treatment for kleptomania has been found to be successful in some cases although, due to the secrecy involved, many people with this disorder never seek treatment at all. Evidence suggests, however, that the impulse to steal might decrease as a person gets older.
People with kleptomania might have problems with relationships due to stealing from their family members and friends. Work-related problems also might occur if a person with kleptomania steals from his or her employer. Because stealing is a crime, people with kleptomania are at risk for legal problems. Often, a person with kleptomania seeks treatment only when forced to do so by the legal system. Kleptomania tends to continue, even if the person has been arrested many times.
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text:
TRANSSHIPMENT STATION FOR URBAN SOLID WASTE: AN ANALYSIS CONSIDERING CITY LOGISTICS CONCEPTS
Free (open access)
559 - 569
LEISE KELLI DE OLIVEIRA, RENATA LÚCIA MAGALHÃES DE OLIVEIRA, LILIAN SILVIA TEIXEIRA DE AVELAR RUEDA
In this paper we analyze the impact of a transshipment station on the urban solid waste management, considering the trade-off among (i) transportation and operational costs of the transshipment; (ii) operational costs of the trips considering the transshipment station; and (iii) costs for the collection trips from the districts directly to the landfill. The study was carried out in the city of Belo Horizonte (Brazil), which produces 1,730 tons of urban solid waste per day. We have evaluated three scenarios: (i) baseline scenario, in which part of the solid waste is consolidated on a transshipment station and the other part is destined directly to the landfill; (ii) transport direct to the landfill; and (iii) consolidation of all solid waste on the transshipment station. We have evaluated these scenarios considering the cost of collecting and transporting the solid waste. We then analyzed the correlation between cost and distances: distance and total transportation cost have a positive correlation, and distance has a negative correlation with the unitary transportation cost (R$/km), i.e., when the distance increases, the cost of transportation per kilometer decreases. Our results indicate that the transshipment station has economic advantages for consolidating and transporting solid waste to a landfill. However, direct transport to a landfill is more profitable if the transportation cost (R$/km) increases up to 9.28%. If the transportation cost increases more than 15%, the operation cost of a transshipment station can increase up to 62%. However, an efficient operation in the transshipment station is critical to ensure this level of profit. Finally, the location of the transshipment station is imperative, and baseline scenario presents a better network for the urban solid waste logistics management.
urban waste management, transshipment station, urban freight transport


Monday, June 24, 2019
Screams contain a 'calling card' for the vocalizer's identity
"Our findings add to our understanding of how screams are evolutionarily important," says Emory psychologist Harold Gouzoules, senior author of the paper.
By Carol Clark
Human screams convey a level of individual identity that may help explain their evolutionary origins, finds a study by scientists at Emory University.
PeerJ published the research, showing that listeners can correctly identify whether pairs of screams were produced by the same person or two different people — a critical prerequisite to individual recognition.
"Our findings add to our understanding of how screams are evolutionarily important," says Harold Gouzoules, senior author of the paper and an Emory professor of psychology. "The ability to identify who is screaming is likely an adaptive mechanism. The idea is that you wouldn't respond equally to just anyone's scream. You would likely respond more urgently to a scream from your child, or from someone else important to you."
Jonathan Engelberg is first author of the paper and Jay Schwartz is a co-author. They are both Emory PhD candidates in Gouzoules' Bioacoustics Lab.
The ability to recognize individuals by distinctive cues or signals is essential to the organization of social behavior, the authors note, and humans are adept at making identity-related judgements based on speech — even when the speech is heavily altered. Less is known, however, about identity cues in nonlinguistic vocalizations, such as screams.
Gouzoules first began researching monkey screams in 1980, before becoming one of the few scientists studying human screams about 10 years ago.
"The origin of screams was likely to startle a predator and make it jump, perhaps allowing the prey a small chance to escape," Gouzoules says. "That's very different from calling out for help."
He theorizes that as some species became more social, including monkeys and other primates, screams became a way to recruit help from relatives and friends when someone got into trouble.
Previous research by Gouzoules and others suggests that non-human primates are able to identify whether a scream is coming from an individual that is important to them. Some researchers, however, have disputed the evidence, arguing that the chaotic and inconsistent nature of screams does not make them likely conduits for individual recognition.
Gouzoules wanted to test whether humans could determine if two fairly similar screams were made by the same person or a different person. His Bioacoustics Lab has amassed an impressive library of high-intensity, visceral sounds — from TV and movie performances to the screams of non-actors reacting to actual events on YouTube videos.
For the PeerJ paper, the lab ran experiments that included 104 participants. The participants listened to audio files of pairs of screams on a computer, without any visual cues for context. Each pair was presented two seconds apart and participants were asked to determine if the screams came from the same person or a different person.
In some trials, the two screams came from two different callers, but were matched by age, gender and the context of the scream. In other trials, the screams came from the same caller but were two different screams matched for context. And in a third trial, the stimulus pairs consisted of a scream and a slightly modified version of itself, to make it longer or shorter than the original.
For all three of the experiments, most of the participants were able to correctly judge most of the time whether the screams were from the same person or not.
"Our results provide empirical evidence that screams carry enough information for listeners to discriminate between different callers," Gouzoules says. "Although screams may not be acoustically ideal for signaling a caller's identity, natural selection appears to have adequately shaped them so they are good enough to do the job."
The PeerJ paper is part of an extensive program of research into screams by Gouzoules. In previous work, his lab has found that listeners cannot distinguish acted screams from naturally occurring screams.
In upcoming papers, he is zeroing in on how people determine whether they are hearing a scream or some other vocalization and how they perceive the emotional context of a scream — judging whether it's due to happiness, anger, fear or pain.
Photo: Getty Images
The psychology of screams
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How much is too much?
How much is too much? Where to draw the line? How to read a child's mind? Where to stop oneself as a parent?
A family fully shattered, a teenage boy's innocence and total life lost. A boy who doesn't have any remorse on murdering his mother. Its spine chilling, its heartless and there's something more to it. Its a crime yes but aren't the parents somewhere a little responsible too? Declaring ones son a "complete failure" in front of the whole world is complete no-no. What kind of psychological effect can have it on a child who is being constantly reminded that he is useless? A father evading the home simply because the mother is nagging and not connecting with the child enough is being negligent. Not every child cries or sulks, there are kids of such kind who can take extreme measures like Siddhant who tried to commit suicide twice and now killed his own mother.
As the mother of a teenager, I can see the changes in a teen. A well-behaved, calm teen also has outbursts, rebelliousness. Its very difficult to read the child's mind always but constant communication, not nagging or belittling, does help to an extent.
Its so unfortunate that a son murders his mother and is remorseless. Parents are at wits end too what to discipline or not to discipline; to be concerned about the child's future and ask him/her to be serious or simply let the child fail?
What is to be done??
2 thoughts on "How much is too much?
 1. This case is chilling…and I agree with you that the parents are responsible too..calling a child failure is absolutely wrong…nice post
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Slaven Rezić > Tk > Tk::bind
Annotate this POD
New 33
Open 54
Stalled 14
View/Report Bugs
Source Latest Release: Tk-804.032_500
Tk::bind - Arrange for X events to invoke callbacks
Retrieve bindings:
Associate and destroy bindings:
The bind method associates callbacks with X events. If callback is specified, bind will arrange for callback to be evaluated whenever the event(s) given by sequence occur in the window(s) identified by $widget or tag. If callback is an empty string then the current binding for sequence is destroyed, leaving sequence unbound. In all of the cases where a callback argument is provided, bind returns an empty string.
If sequence is specified without a callback, then the callback currently bound to sequence is returned, or undef is returned if there is no binding for sequence. If neither sequence nor callback is specified, then the return value is a list whose elements are all the sequences for which there exist bindings for tag.
If no tag is specified then the bind refers to $widget. If tag is specified then it is typically a class name and the bind refers to all instances of the class on the MainWindow associated with $widget. (It is possible for tag to be another "widget object" but this practice is deprecated.) Perl's ref($object) can be used to get the class name of any object. Each window has an associated list of tags, and a binding applies to a particular window if its tag is among those specified for the window. Although the bindtags method may be used to assign an arbitrary set of binding tags to a window, the default binding tags provide the following behavior:
If a tag is the name of an internal window the binding applies to that window.
If the tag is the name of a toplevel window the binding applies to the toplevel window and all its internal windows.
If the tag is the name of a class of widgets, such as Tk::Button, the binding applies to all widgets in that class;
If tag has the value all, the binding applies to all windows descended from the MainWindow of the application.
The sequence argument specifies a sequence of one or more event patterns, with optional white space between the patterns. Each event pat may take one of three forms. In the simplest case it is a single printing ASCII character, such as a or [. The character may not be a space character or the character <. This form of pattern matches a KeyPress event for the particular character. The second form of pattern is longer but more general. It has the following syntax:
The entire event pattern is surrounded by angle brackets, and normally needs to be quoted, as angle brackets are special to perl. Inside the angle brackets are zero or more modifiers, an event type, and an extra piece of information (detail) identifying a particular button or keysym. Any of the fields may be omitted, as long as at least one of type and detail is present. The fields must be separated by white space or dashes.
The third form of pattern is used to specify a user-defined, named virtual event; see Tk::event for details. It has the following syntax:
The entire virtual event pattern is surrounded by double angle brackets. Inside the angle brackets is the user-defined name of the virtual event. Modifiers, such as Shift or Control, may not be combined with a virtual event to modify it. Bindings on a virtual event may be created before the virtual event is defined, and if the definition of a virtual event changes dynamically, all windows bound to that virtual event will respond immediately to the new definition.
Modifiers consist of any of the following values:
 Control Mod2, M2
 Shift Mod3, M3
 Lock Mod4, M4
 Button1, B1 Mod5, M5
 Button2, B2 Meta, M
 Button3, B3 Alt
 Button4, B4 Double
 Button5, B5 Triple
 Mod1, M1 Quadruple
Where more than one value is listed, separated by commas, the values are equivalent. Most of the modifiers have the obvious X meanings. For example, Button1 requires that button 1 be depressed when the event occurs. For a binding to match a given event, the modifiers in the event must include all of those specified in the event pattern. An event may also contain additional modifiers not specified in the binding. For example, if button 1 is pressed while the shift and control keys are down, the pattern will match the event, but will not. If no modifiers are specified, then any combination of modifiers may be present in the event.
Meta and M refer to whichever of the M1 through M5 modifiers is associated with the meta key(s) on the keyboard (keysyms Meta_R and Meta_L). If there are no meta keys, or if they are not associated with any modifiers, then Meta and M will not match any events. Similarly, the Alt modifier refers to whichever modifier is associated with the alt key(s) on the keyboard (keysyms Alt_L and Alt_R).
The Double, Triple and Quadruple modifiers are a convenience for specifying double mouse clicks and other repeated events. They cause a particular event pattern to be repeated 2, 3 or 4 times, and also place a time and space requirement on the sequence: for a sequence of events to match a Double, Triple or Quadruple pattern, all of the events must occur close together in time and without substantial mouse motion in between. For example, is equivalent to with the extra time and space requirement.
The type field may be any of the standard X event types, with a few extra abbreviations. Below is a list of all the valid types; where two names appear together, they are synonyms.
 Activate Destroy Map
 ButtonPress, Button Enter MapRequest
 ButtonRelease Expose Motion
 Circulate FocusIn MouseWheel
 CirculateRequest FocusOut Property
 Colormap Gravity Reparent
 Configure KeyPress, Key ResizeRequest
 ConfigureRequest KeyRelease Unmap
 Create Leave Visibility
Most of the above events have the same fields and behaviors as events in the X Windowing system. You can find more detailed descriptions of these events in any X window programming book. A couple of the events are extensions to the X event system to support features unique to the Macintosh and Windows platforms. We provide a little more detail on these events here. These include:
These two events are sent to every sub-window of a toplevel when they change state. In addition to the focus Window, the Macintosh platform and Windows platforms have a notion of an active window (which often has but is not required to have the focus). On the Macintosh, widgets in the active window have a different appearance than widgets in deactive windows. The Activate event is sent to all the sub-windows in a toplevel when it changes from being deactive to active. Likewise, the Deactive event is sent when the window's state changes from active to deactive. There are no useful percent substitutions you would make when binding to these events.
Some mice on the Windows platform support a mouse wheel which is used for scrolling documents without using the scrollbars. By rolling the wheel, the system will generate MouseWheel events that the application can use to scroll. Like Key events the event is always routed to the window that currently has focus. When the event is received you can use the %D substitution to get the delta field for the event which is a integer value of motion that the mouse wheel has moved. The smallest value for which the system will report is defined by the OS. On Windows 95 & 98 machines this value is at least 120 before it is reported. However, higher resolution devices may be available in the future. The sign of the value determines which direction your widget should scroll. Positive values should scroll up and negative values should scroll down.
The last part of a long event specification is detail. In the case of a ButtonPress or ButtonRelease event, it is the number of a button (1-5). If a button number is given, then only an event on that particular button will match; if no button number is given, then an event on any button will match. Note: giving a specific button number is different than specifying a button modifier; in the first case, it refers to a button being pressed or released, while in the second it refers to some other button that is already depressed when the matching event occurs. If a button number is given then type may be omitted: if will default to ButtonPress. For example, the specifier <1> is equivalent to .
If the event type is KeyPress or KeyRelease, then detail may be specified in the form of an X keysym. Keysyms are textual specifications for particular keys on the keyboard; they include all the alphanumeric ASCII characters (e.g. ''a'' is the keysym for the ASCII character ''a''), plus descriptions for non-alphanumeric characters (''comma'' is the keysym for the comma character), plus descriptions for all the non-ASCII keys on the keyboard (''Shift_L'' is the keysm for the left shift key, and ''F1'' is the keysym for the F1 function key, if it exists). The complete list of keysyms is not presented here; it is available in other X documentation and may vary from system to system. If necessary, you can use the 'K' notation described below to


text:
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) is a measure of how much weight a ship is carrying or can safely carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew. The term is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight, the DWT when the ship is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at the point of submersion, although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
Deadweight tonnage was historically expressed in long tons but is now usually given internationally in tonnes. Deadweight tonnage is not a measure of the ship's displacement and should not be confused with gross tonnage or net tonnage (or their more archaic forms gross register tonnage or net register tonnage).
- Turpin and McEwen (1980), pages 14–21.
- Hayler and McKeever (2004) page G-10.
- Gilmer (1975) page 25.
- One long ton is 2240 pounds (1016.05 kg), and one tonne or metric ton (tonne isn't used in the U.S.) is 1,000 kg.
- Gilmer, Thomas C. (1975). Modern Ship Design (2nd ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-388-1.
- Hayler, William B. (2003). American Merchant Seaman's Manual (7th ed.). Centreville, Maryland: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN 0-87033-549-9.
- Turpin, Edward A.; William A. McEwen (1980). Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook (4th ed.). Centreville, Maryland: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN 0-87033-056-X.


text:
There are versions of the Drancel accelerometer-driven real-time synthesis system for:
- Synthesis of light from body motion (with no digital imaging except non-corruptive photography and video) using mobile micro-controller systems.
- Synthesis of sound from body motion (using both computer-based and mobile micro-controller based systems).
- Synthesis of computer-generated visuals from body motion (using PureData/GEM and Java™ control software called DranceWare).
While past R&D involved sound and visuals synthesis, the current R&D focus is on: The Drancel light synthesis system
Nearly all development of the Drancel systems leverages model-based systems engineering with Systems Modeling Language (SysML®) and model-driven software engineering with Unified Modeling Language (UML®), and the Drancel systems are used as a source of educational examples for the Webel IT Australia IT Training seminars and workshops.


text:
Photography enthusiasts and professionals alike rely heavily on the functionality of their camera's shutter button. It's the gateway to capturing those perfect moments, and when it malfunctions, it can be a photographer's worst nightmare.
In this article, we'll delve into the common causes of a non-responsive Canon camera shutter button and explore troubleshooting steps to resolve this issue.
Table of Contents
Common Causes of Shutter Button Malfunction
Understanding the root causes of shutter button issues is the first step to resolving them and ensuring your Canon camera works seamlessly.
Dust and Debris Buildup
One of the most common culprits for a non-working shutter button is dust and debris accumulation. Over time, these particles can find their way into the delicate mechanical components of the button, hindering its responsiveness. Regularly cleaning your camera can help prevent this issue.
Accidental bumps or drops can lead to physical damage, causing misalignment or internal components to dislodge. This can render your shutter button unresponsive or inconsistent in its operation.
Wear and Tear
Like any mechanical component, the shutter button can experience wear and tear over extended use. The constant pressing and releasing can lead to button fatigue, making it less effective in registering clicks.
In some cases, a failing or weak battery can contribute to shutter button problems. A low battery may not provide the necessary power to engage the button fully. Ensure your battery is adequately charged before assuming a more significant issue.
Troubleshooting Steps for Canon Camera Shutter Button Problems
Cleaning the Shutter Button
If you suspect dust and debris are the culprits, start by cleaning the shutter button carefully. Compressed air from a can can be used to remove any loose particles. For stubborn dirt, a small brush or a cotton swab slightly dampened with isopropyl alcohol can be gently used. Remember to turn off your camera before attempting this.
Checking for Loose Parts
Inspect the button for any loose components or parts that may have shifted out of place. If you find any, consult your camera's manual for reassembly instructions. Be cautious, and if you're uncertain, it's best to seek professional help.
Testing Different Shooting Modes
Sometimes, shutter button issues are not due to mechanical problems but can be related to the shooting mode. Try switching between different shooting modes, such as manual, aperture priority, or shutter priority, to see if the issue persists in all modes. This can help identify if the problem is mode-specific.
Seeking Professional Help
If the troubleshooting steps fail to resolve the issue, it's advisable to seek professional camera repair services. Attempting to disassemble your camera without the necessary expertise can lead to further damage. A skilled technician can diagnose and fix the problem efficiently.
Prevention and Maintenance Tips
Preventing shutter button issues is better than dealing with them. Here are some tips to maintain your camera's performance:
- Store your camera in a protective case when not in use.
- Handle your camera with care to avoid accidental damage.
- Keep the camera's lens and body clean to reduce the chances of dust and debris ingress.
- Follow the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines for your specific Canon camera model.
1. Can I clean the shutter button with any cleaning solution?
It's best to use isopropyl alcohol, but make sure it's only slightly dampened on a cotton swab. Avoid excessive moisture.
2. How often should I clean my camera's shutter button?
Regular cleaning is essential. Aim for cleaning it every few months or more frequently if you often shoot in dusty environments.
3. My Canon camera is still under warranty. Can I get the shutter button repaired for free?
If your camera is under warranty, it's a good idea to contact Canon's customer support for assistance. Warranty terms may cover repairs.
4. Are there any DIY methods to fix a non-working shutter button?
While some minor issues can be resolved with DIY cleaning, complex problems should be left to professionals to avoid further damage.
5. How do I find a reliable camera repair technician?
You can search online for authorized Canon service centers or reputable camera repair shops in your area. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can help you make an informed choice.
A non-responsive Canon camera shutter button can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and maintenance, many issues can be prevented or resolved. Regular cleaning and careful handling can go a long way in ensuring that your camera's shutter button continues to work flawlessly, helping you capture the moments that matter most.


text:
One example is a recent pilot project to measure the concentration of radon gas in river water as a more effective way to understand interactions between groundwater and surface water. Often times these two resources are strongly interconnected and the quality and quantity of one directly affects the other.
Tritium and Water Dating Laboratory / Laboratories & Facilities / Services / Home - GNS Science
Knowing where these exchanges occur, and how much water is being exchanged, can help significantly in managing the quality of our fresh water bodies. Radon is a soluble colourless, gaseous, unstable isotope produced by the decay of radium. It has a half-life of 3.
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Radon is abundant in groundwater but has almost negligible concentrations in surface water due to rapid radon loss to the atmosphere through degassing. This contrast in radon concentrations between groundwater and surface water enables radon to be an ideal tracer to measure groundwater-surface water interaction. Surface waters that have elevated concentrations of radon indicate a location where groundwater is discharging into the surface water.
In a Hutt River study, we sampled river water at m intervals over a 16kms reach. We then measured the alpha particle radiation in the sample, which relates directly to radon concentration. This method enabled us to identify where groundwater is discharging into the river as well as where river water may be recharging into the aquifer system. Recently, a higher sensitivity radon measurement procedure has been developed at GNS Science allowing us to identify the radon concentration of surface waters with very little radon and with higher accuracy.
The entire reach of the Mangatainoka River, approximately 70 km long, was also surveyed over a two day period using radon. Radon identified the locations of groundwater discharge and recharge. The results of this study will aid in the development of nutrient flow models being developed for the area. Radon sampling and analysis is a rapid, cost-effective method for screening long river reaches to identify local groundwater inflows.
The liquid scintillation method used in these pilot studies has the advantage over other methods of being able to measure large numbers of samples at once. In addition, this method provides another tool to study the transport of nutrients from farms to streams and rivers. Excess nitrogen cascades through the environment, and enters ground and surface water as nitrate.
Nitrate contaminates groundwater resources, and causes eutrophication in streams, lakes and estuaries. Once NO 3 is formed, de-nitrification and other biogeochemical processes affect isotope ratios, allowing the fate of NO 3 to be tracked.
Our science is working toward identifying successful mitigation of nitrate contaminants, improving the nitrogen efficiency of New Zealand agriculture. This contrast in radon concentrations between groundwaters and surface waters enables radon to be an ideal tracer to measure groundwater-surface water interaction. Surface waters which have elevated concentrations of radon indicate a location where groundwater is discharging into the surface water. Radon sampling and analysis is a rapid, cost-effective method for screening long river reaches to identify local groundwater inflows.
- Groundwater Resource Monitoring / Nuclear and Isotope Science / Our Science / Home - GNS Science?
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Hackernoon logoCarrierWave Upload Multiple Images by@kolosek
CarrierWave Upload Multiple Images
Nesha Hacker Noon profile picture
CEO @ Kolosek.com
When you are building a web application, you definitely want to add an option for image uploading as well. In this tutorial, we will show you the necessary steps to enable upload multiple images/files using CarrierWave in Rails 4+ from scratch. A similar procedure can be applied for nested forms.
Step 1: In the gem file
CarrierWave is a Ruby gem that provides a simple and extremely flexible way to upload files from Ruby applications. You will need to add these gems to the Gemfile and run
bundle install
gem 'carrierwave'
Step 2: Setting up CarrierWave
The first step to configure CarrierWave it to run the following command:
rails generate uploader Avatar
This will create a new directory called uploaders in the app folder and a file inside called avatar_uploader.rb.
class AvatarUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
 storage :file
 def store_dir
 def default_url
 "/images/fallback/" + [version_name, "default.png"].compact.join('_')
- You can modify the default directory to change where uploaded files will be stored.
- It is the path to the default image, you can use this image if no other image has been selected.
Step 3: Generate your migrations
You can generate your migrations using Scaffolding in Rails. This will generate a full set of model, views and controller, and a test suite for each of the above. It is the most simple way to get your project up and running.
 - rails g scaffold post title:string
 - rails g scaffold post_attachment post_id:integer avatar:string
 - rake db:migrate
Step 4: Edit Models
Once scaffolding finishes generating the files you can start editing your models.
You want to be able to create post and post_attachment in one go. To do this you need to add the following to
 class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
 has_many :post_attachments
 accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments
'accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments'
- Nested attributes allow you to save attributes on associated records through the parent.
The time has come to mount your uploader. Navigate to your PostAttachment model and add
'mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader'
to the file.
 class PostAttachment < ActiveRecord::Base
 mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader
 belongs_to :post
Step 5: Modify your Controller
The next step is to modify the
to accept those new nested attributes.
def show
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.all
def new
 _USER_ = Post.new
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.build
To make sure that
is ready to be created once the new post is done, you will need to build it with
 def create
 _USER_ = Post.new(post_params)
 respond_to do |format|
 if _USER_.save
 params[:post_attachments]['avatar'].each do |a|
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.create!(:avatar => a, :post_id => _USER_.id)
 format.html { redirect_to _USER_, notice: 'Post was successfully created.' }
 format.html { render action: 'new' }
To help the nested attributes reach the model, you will need to add the following to the post_params method in the PostController.
def post_params
 params.require(:post).permit(:title, post_attachments_attributes:
 [:id, :post_id, :avatar])
Step 6: View layout
For the last step to finish out application you will need to edit the view to allow us to upload new images. You can do this by adding the following line:
<%= p.file_field :avatar, :multiple => true, name: "post_attachments[avatar][]" %>
<%= form_for(_USER_, :html => { :multipart => true }) do |f| %>

 <%= f.label :title %>
 <%= f.text_field :title %>
 <%= f.fields_for :post_attachments do |p| %>

 <%= p.label :avatar %>
 <% end %>

 <%= f.submit %>
 <% end %>
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text:
Math rules in the animated adventure series CYBERCHASE. CYBERCHASE energizes kids ages eight to eleven with math power. Full of cyber-mysteries with eye-popping animation and a sly comic flair, the daily series features the voices of Christopher Lloyd and Gilbert Gottfried. CYBERCHASE sends the message that math is fun - it's about problem solving and, boy, does it come in handy. When the dastardly villain Hacker (Lloyd) launches a mad mission to conquer the virtual universe, Motherboard calls upon three earth kids for help. They are Jackie, Matt and Inez - the culturally diverse heroes of CYBERCHASE - who, along with the wise-cracking cyber-bird Digit (Gottfried), travel from their real-world realm to the colorful virtual vistas of cyberspace, where they vanquish the bad guys in an all-out battle of wits. Each episode takes the kids on a thrilling adventure driven by a different math concept - from tackling time in ancient Egyptian tombs to cracking codes in creepy caves or making sense of numbers in a fractured fairy tale world.
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Characterizing Lentil Germplasm for Zinc Biofortification and High Grain Output
Naser Rasheed, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood, Tariq Aziz, Abdul Jabbar
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
1 Citation (Scopus)
Micronutrient malnutrition particularly of zinc (Zn) attributes a worse situation mainly in South Asia in addition to the food security. Pulses contribute significantly towards providing calories to the masses in developing countries being the cheap source of protein. Zinc biofortification of pulses mainly of lentil can be a good strategy aimed at both increased profit as well as can combat Zn deficiency in humans. A field experiment was conducted to classify the lentil genotypes based on their higher grain output and grain Zn concentration. The 16 lentil genotypes were cultivated with the following Zn levels: 0, 6 and 9 mg kg−1 and recommended dose of primary nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) were applied with three replicates until maturity. Results revealed that application of Zn increased the plant growth, grain production and grain Zn concentration significantly. Zinc application at higher rates i.e. 9 mg kg−1 resulted in higher grain output and concentration of Zn in grain than lower application rate and control. The genotype Mansehra-89 was excellent in terms of high grain output and high Zn contents in their grains. The lentil genotypes, Mansehra-89, Punjab Masoor-2009, Masoor-2002 and Masoor-2006, were classified as high grain yield cultivars, and Line-10502, Mansehra-89, Line-11504 and Markaz-09 were categorized as Zn efficient/responsive genotypes. From the results, it was concluded that the lentil genotypes respond differently upon Zn fertilization and thus improved the crop yield and Zn enrichment of lentil grains. However, keeping in view the desired level of bioavailable Zn, further experimentation is required for general recommendations for right source and application methods. Moreover, these categorizations are helpful in future breeding ventures and to recommend the efficient cultivars aiming at increased Zn contents in grains.
Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 24 Mar 2020
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text:
John and Eliza WebbFlorida homesteaders
In 1867, John and Eliza Webb left their home in Utica, N.Y., to build a life in the warm climate of Florida. It was thought that the weather would benefit Eliza Webb's asthma. The Webbs set sail in February with their five children, Eliza Webb's sister, and her father. They eventually settled near present-day Sarasota, called Spanish Point. A Cuban fisherman whom they had met in Key West had described the area to them. There they established and ran a sugar mill and refinery. Later, as the area became more popular with tourists, they built Webb's Winter Resort, made up of guest cottages.