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By definition, carnivorous plants or insectivorous plants are plants that kill and trap other animals in efforts to derive some or most of their bodily nutrients by using their very own enzymes or bacteria in order to digest them. While brambles or blackberry bushes have some of these characteristics, the question is do brambles have all of the necessary characteristics to be labeled as a carnivorous plant?
Brambles or blackberry bushes cannot be considered a carnivorous plant as they do not have all of the necessary characteristics of a carnivorous plant, or rather don't have the ability to exude enzymes or bacteria in order to derive nutrients from their prey.
Meaning, brambles do not have all of the necessary characteristics of a carnivorous plant but there is something in their character which makes them a curious case. Although they are not exactly carnivorous plants we can call them protocarnivorous plants. Keep on reading to find out what a protocarnivorous plant is and what makes brambles or blackberry bushes a protocarnivorous plant.
Are brambles and blackberries the same thing?
Brambles and blackberries come from the same genus Rubus, the bramble is Rubus Vulgaris while the blackberry is Rubus Fruiticosus meaning that brambles and blackberries are the very same thing.
While they are one and the same, what is the difference between the two?
Blackberries are an edible fruit which is produced by the genus Rubus, mentioned beforehand, from the family of Rosaceae.
Brambles are described as a rough, tangled, and prickly shrub that grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries, so basically, brambles describe the plant out of which the fruit of blackberries grows.
This means that whether you decide to call them brambles or blackberries, you cannot really go wrong but if you can, stick to the right terminology.
To repeat once more, when referring to the bush which produces the fruit, brambles is the right terminology. When you are referring to the aggregate fruit which is composed out of small drupelets, blackberry is the right terminology.
Also keep in mind that, although called berries, in a botanical sense, blackberries are not considered berries.
Are brambles (blackberry bushes) carnivorous?
By that definition, a carnivorous plant is any plant that has evolved its carnivory and adapted to capturing and digesting small animals or insects in efforts to derive nutrients from them. The emphasis is, however, on their very own ability to exude enzymes or bacteria in order to decompose the prey for the purpose of easier digestion.
To be classified as a true carnivorous the plant has to have all of the following characteristics.
1. Be able to attract prey
Being able to attract prey is the very first vital characteristic that sets everything else in motion. Although plants could wait for their prey to come, that leaves them with no guarantee of constant nutrition so true carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms to attract prey.
For example, Pitfall plants attract plants in an effort to lure them into the pit from which they can no longer successfully escape. Their way of attracting prey is with nectar secreted at their openings or they can attract prey with their bright flowers and flower-like patterning.
The openings where the plants attract the prey are typically covered in a wax-like coating which causes the insects to slip into the pit. Once they are trapped within the pit, the plant starts exuding digestive enzymes which help dissolve the prey into a form that is easily absorbable for the plant. This is only one of the ways carnivorous plants attract and kill prey for digestion.
2. Have a trapping mechanism
Trapping mechanisms are divided into five basic mechanisms within the carnivorous plants.
Pitfall Traps or pitcher plants trap prey by luring them into a pit from which they cannot escape and are then digested with the help of plant's digestive enzymes and bacteria.
Flypaper traps trap prey with the help of sticky mucilage or a glue-like texture they exude. They utilize it through secreting glands – which can be either short, long, and mobile, and trap their prey by making it stick to the surface of the secretion after which the prey is digested with the help of the plant's digestive enzymes and bacteria.
Snap traps trap prey by the mouse and bear-like trap which with its rapid movement traps the prey within the two traps. The rapid movement is triggered by the sensitive hair on the leaf lobes. Currently, there are two species of flytraps – the Venus flytrap and the waterwheel plant. The digestion of the prey occurs over a period of one to two weeks.
Lobster-pot traps trap prey by forcing it to move towards the plant's digestive system by using its inward-pointing hairs. The inward-pointing hairs make the chamber easy to enter but difficult to get out and so the prey is forced to move in a particular direction and eventually trapped within the digestive system.
Bladder traps trap prey by generating a partial vacuum inside the bladder of the plant which basically sucks in the prey, makes it impossible for it to escape and as with other carnivorous plants, it gets digested with the help of enzymes and bacteria.
3. Be able to kill prey and derive nutrients by itself
The main characteristic of carnivorous plants is their ability to kill their prey and derive nutrients from its carcass through a process of chemical breakdown. The nutrients are then absorbed by the plant in an effort to enable their survival.
Carnivorous plants have evolved nine times in five different orders of flowering plants. There are close to 600 species classified with the characteristics of attracting, trapping, and killing prey all in an effort to absorb any available nutrients from the prey.
As brambles or blackberry bushes do not have the ability to impact the decomposition of the prey on their very own, they cannot be considered carnivorous plants.
Although they cannot be considered fully carnivorous plants, brambles share few of the characteristics of carnivorous plants which makes them protocarnivorous plants.
There are over 300 protocarnivorous plant species that are showing some of the characteristics of carnivorous plants.
Protocarnivorous plants, or also commonly referred to as paracarnivorous, subcarnivorous, or borderline carnivores, have some of the carnivorous characteristics attributed. Some are able to trap and kill the prey but lack the ability to derive and digest nutrients from their prey by themselves, as a carnivorous plant always can.
To be a fully carnivorous plant, the plant must exhibit all of the characteristics mentioned beforehand, whereas to be a protocarnivorous plant, the plant can exhibit only one of the characteristics – attraction, trapping, or absorbing of the prey.
What brambles or blackberry bushes have are thorns that help capture animals such as sheep. However, those thorns are not considered to be a trapping mechanism for the purpose of killing or incapacitating prey for the purpose of utilizing their nutrients but they are rather considered a defense mechanism in order to encourage herbivores to avoid it.
It gets a little bit more complicated when you take a look at the thorns of blackberry bushes. Unlike other plants with the same defensive mechanism of thorns, blackberry pushes do not have upright or straight thorns but rather have thorns that look like backward-facing hooks.
Backward-facing thorns draw the prey towards the middle of the bush where they can only get more tangled up and as they struggle they can only get more caught up within the thorns. As the prey struggles and gets to the point of absolute exhaustion it eventually dies and the brambles or blackberry bush does get its nutrients.
Despite this, brambles lack digestive enzymes for breaking down the nutrients and rather rely on symbiotic relationships with bacteria or insects for the part of absorbing the prey. It is a very important characteristic that the blackberry bushes are not responsible for the decomposition of the prey.
To conclude, let's review the characteristics of bramble and a carnivorous plant.
Characteristics of bramble and a carnivorous plant:
1. Being able to attract prey
Brambles or blackberry bushes produce the fruit of blackberries which can be used to attract prey but the question remains whether brambles evolved in a way that the blackberries were produced with the purpose of attracting prey.
2. Have a trapping mechanism
As we said before, it is debatable whether blackberry bushes evolved their thorns to backward-facing hooks in order to trap prey after attracting it or if it's just a defense mechanism in order to warn off herbivores. Also, brambles would have a hard time trapping any animal which does not have thick wool or fur in which the animal can get tangled up – which leads to a conclusion that its thorns are rather a defensive mechanism.
3. Being able to kill prey
As they use the help from their surroundings in order to derive nutrients, brambles are not necessarily responsible for killing the prey and they surely are not responsible for decomposing it.
By lacking this characteristic of absorbing the prey, brambles cannot be considered a carnivorous plant.


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What are the standard alternatives for the mechanics of attaching turrets and such to 3D models for use in-game? I don't mean the logic, but rather the graphics aspects.
My naive approach is to extend the MD2-like format that I'm using (blender-exported using a script) to include a new set of properties for a mesh that:
 - is anchored in another 'parent' mesh. The anchor is a point and normal in the parent mesh and a point and normal in the child mesh; these will always be colinear, giving the child rotation but not translation relative to the parent point.
 - has a normal that is aligned with a 'target'. Classically this target is the enemy that is being engaged, but it might be some other vector e.g. 'the wind' (for sails and flags (and smoke, which is a particle system but the same principle applies)) or 'upwards' (e.g. so bodies of riders bend properly when riding a horse up an incline etc).
 - that the anchor and target alignments have maximum and minimum and a speed coeff.
 - there is game logic for multiple turrets and on a model and deciding which engages which enemy. 'primary' and'secondary' or 'target0'... 'targetN' or some such annotation will be there.
So to illustrate, a classic tank would be made from three meshes; a main body mesh, a turret mesh that is anchored to the top of the main body so it can spin only horizontally and a barrel mesh that is anchored to the front of the turret and can only move vertically within some bounds.
And there might be a forth flag mesh on top of the turret that is aligned with 'wind' where wind is a function the engine solves that merges environment's wind angle with angle the vehicle is travelling in an velocity, or something fancy.
This gives each mesh one degree of freedom relative to its parent. Things with multiple degrees of freedom can be modelled by zero-vertex connecting meshes perhaps? This is where I think the approach I outlined begins to feel inelegant, yet perhaps its still a workable system? This is why I want to know how it is done in professional games ;)
Are there better approaches? Are there formats that already include this information? Is this routine?
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The question is a bit vague, what is your intended goal or final result? – AttackingHobo Jan 26 '11 at 21:23
are you looking for some easier model of usage than bones? Mean parent-child tranformations as you mention? I've implemented some tanks just using transformations and having objects for body, turret and gun. – Notabene Jan 27 '11 at 9:46
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Yap. Bones formats. MD2 is a vertex animation format, not bones based format. And in Blender, depends on the version you're working with, but can probably make use of:
 - Directx *.x (I think in both 2.49 and 2.56 beta)
 - *.md5. Doom III, like md2, from Id Software, but much better than md2. Md2 has vertex position accuracy problems, normals/lighting problems, UVs have its issues too, etc. Still, all blenders do export it, and can be useful for the flag animation. But you can asign some bones to the flag, some weight painting, and have same effect.Even easier.
 - Collada. But it is still not ended, in certain newest builds at I have checked to be working, at least in basic stuff which you need.
 - You need to use Blender 'constraints' in your bone animations, to have the behaviours you mention, and then export with those "baked". Then code would do the rest.(and don't quote me on this, but I think md5 did export constraints also. And that you can use a md5 version with blender 2.41. I think, set as an addon, md5 can work well with 2.56, but have not tried yet.)
A good knowledge of Blender rigging (bones, weights, constraints) system and formats is quite needed for this, but seems pretty doable.
A lot of people just used to use Milkshape, ideal for these kind of things, and there were very good loaders for game programmers, for ms3d format.
IMHO you can achieve the same by loading for example an md5, there are good loaders out there, and am told is an easy to handle format for programmers. Collada anyway might be the best in long run: Is the definite Blender's bet, and in general, everybody, engines, etc, are trusting on it. But it's a very complex format, so making a loader might be hard, unless you can grab sth already made or whatever. I don't know, that's the programmer side of things.
share|improve this answer
How might you annotate things so the engine understands what the artist intended for the various meshes in the model? – Will Jan 27 '11 at 9:27
It's usually done by adding tags to certain bones, or having special bones named a certain way. For example every bone named starting with "foot" is assumed to be the bottom of a foot, the direction of it showing the direction the foot is facing; a bone named "projectile_start" is where you spawn the projectiles of your tank's cannon, and object parts tagged with "steel" have corresponding sparks when hit and have corresponding sound effects assigned. – Martin Sojka Jan 27 '11 at 10:02
Why is bones needed for simple mesh translation and rotation? Aren't bones used to actually deform the meshes while translating and rotating them while a simple mesh/layer parenting setup sounds a lot simpler for non-organic constructs? – Oskar Duveborn Jan 27 '11 at 17:13
_USER_ Duveborn: True, so +1, but if you use bones you can add a deforming tank (with a cloth over the turret, or an organic alien tank, who knows) without needing the change the engine. – Bart van Heukelom Jan 27 '11 at 23:03
_USER_ Duveborn: Bones aren't strictly needed, just useful: they are usually already well-supported in modern engines and in your tool chain of choice, they have all kinds of constraints to the relative movement which you'd otherwise need to implement anyway, they allow for non-organic constructs to have flexible parts as well (connecting hoses, for example), and they allow you to apply IK solutions to your animation: from that perspective, there isn't a lot of difference between an arm moving to reach an apple, and a tank's turret and gun assembly turning around to aim in a direction. – Martin Sojka Jan 28 '11 at 7:05
I'm not entirely sure if I fully understood your question(s). But I'd definitely use a mesh format that supports bones and animations. Especially the bones are important if you wish to move separate mesh-parts individually.
The flag you're speaking of could be pre-animated (wave movement) and aligned in the direction of the wind by using bones. The speed of the animation could be controlled by the strength of the wind.
I can't give you any format recommendations though, since you didn't mention the engine/framework you're using. OGRE for example uses its own mesh format that supports bones and animations. Unity can load several popular native formats directly... and there's always Collada, an XML based 3D format which you could write a parser for (or use an existing one).
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Pretty much thisexisting formats use bones to support this. – DeadMG Jan 27 '11 at 7:40
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A little bit of SQL in FileMaker 12 – FileMaker Today
One of my favorite new features of FileMaker Pro 12 is the ExecuteSQL function, which allows you to perform a SELECT SQL query against your FileMaker tables. ExecuteSQL allows you to use SQL to create calculations that otherwise might be very difficult or cumbersome. For example, in the past, if you wanted to get the list of values that had been used anywhere in the field areaCode in your contact table, you had to first create a value list using that field, then create the calculation: ValueListItems ( Get ( FileName ) ; "AreaCodes" ). It worked, but it was a bit of a hack to have to create that extra value list.
Now, all you need is:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT DISTINCT areaCode FROM contact" ; "" ; "" )
/* The last two empty parameters tell FileMaker to use
 the default comma and carriage return as column and row separators */
Okay, so it does require learning a bit of SQL (check out the W3Schools' SQL Tutorial). But many queries are straightforward, and using SQL this way can simplify the relationship graph.
Say I wanted to get all the area codes used in Massachusetts. Using the old value list method, I would need to create a field somewhere to store the abbreviation "MA", create a relationship from that field to the contact::state field, and define my value list to use only related values starting from the table with the new field. With ExecuteSQL, all I need is to update the formula to:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT DISTINCT areaCode FROM contact
 WHERE UPPER(state)=?" ; "" ; "" ; "MA" )
/* The fourth parameter is used to fill in the? in the query.
 It could be a field instead of a text constant */
Here's one of my favorites: often it's useful to know the name of the base table (the ones define on the Tables tab of the Manage Database dialog) that is the source for a table occurrence (the tables that appear in the graph). You may have lots of table occurrences, named leads, students, personsOfInterest, relatives, and so one, but each is really an instance of the contact table. Outside the Manage Database dialog, any reference to a table is really a reference to a table occurrence (so Get ( LayoutTableName ) returns leads, for example, not contact).
In the past, it would be necessary to name each consistently to include the underlying base table (so contact_leads, contact_students, contact_personsOfInterest, etc.), and then parse the table occurrence name. Be careful changing table names! But with SQL, you can use the following to get the name of the base table of the current layout:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT BaseTableName FROM FileMaker_Tables
 WHERE TableName=?" ; "" ; "" ; Get ( LayoutTableName ) )
FileMaker_Tables is a special table you can query via SQL to get a list of all table occurrences, and the BaseTableName column tells you the name of the source table.
You can replace Get ( LayoutTableName ) with any table occurrence name to get it's base table. I like the following calculation field that stores the name of the table as data, which can be extremely useful when exporting and importing data:
Let ( [
FQFN = GetFieldName ( Self ) ;
tableOccurrence = GetValue ( Substitute ( FQFN ; "::" ; ¶ ) ; 1 )
] ;
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT BaseTableName FROM FileMaker_Tables
 WHERE TableName=?" ; "" ; "" ; tableOccurrence )
The two variables in the Let function first get the fully qualified field name (including table occurrence name) of the calculation, and then parses out just the table occurrence name for use in the query. Since the calculation never makes reference to anything but Self, you can copy and paste this calculation field to any table without needing any editing.
What's your favorite use of ExecuteSQL?


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English Riviera Geopark English Riviera Geopark
The English Riviera Geopark – the worlds first urban Geopark
In September 2007 Torbay received international recognition for it rich geological and cultural heritage, it became one of just 57 areas around the world to be endorsed by UNESCO and welcomed into the network of Global Geoparks. Geoparks aims to protect geo-diversity and to promote geological, historical and cultural heritage to the general public as well as to support sustainable economic development. The status pulls together all of our wonderful heritage and celebrates it on an international stage.
Torbay's past is hidden within its beautiful landscape and coastline. The Bay's striking limestone headlands were formed around 400 million years ago when the whole area would have been under warm tropical seas where corals thrived and trilobites scuttled across the sea floor, a time when Torbay was in fact south of the equator! Explore the end of Hopes Nose and you'll find fossils of the corals that lived all those years ago. Over the next 100 million years these rocks were folded and fractured, under enormous pressures, as they were crumpled and pushed northwards by plate tectonic process. By 280 million years ago Torbay was at approximately the same latitude as the Sahara desert today, this is when the rocks now exposed around the inner areas of the Bay were formed. Look closely at the red sandstones around Roundham head and the patterns you see are evidence of ancient sand dunes, whilst the jumble of rocks and stones at the eastern end of Goodrington beach are evidence of flash floods that followed dramatic storms in distant mountains.
From a cultural perspective Torbay provides an amazing example of how geology influences both the history and development of an area; from the Bay's earliest residents at Kents Cavern, through to the development of Torre Abbey and Cockington. Plus of course its use as a safe anchorage during the Napoleonic Wars and the construction of the forts at Berry Head to Agatha Christie, the most published author of all time.
If you are local, then you're probably thinking "shame we're no longer enjoying that tropical sunshine" but on your way to work or school look at the environment around you with fresh eyes and when you have a chance explore, this rich heritage forms part of who you are. You are the Geopark and the Geopark is you. Enjoy!
If you are not local then welcome to the worlds first urban Geopark!
To discover the amazing stories for yourself visit the English Riviera Geopark website, follow the English Riviera Geopark Trail or take a Geopark Cruise out into the Bay and discover how 400 million years of our dynamic planets history can be unravelled right here, stories of tropical seas and scorching deserts, raised beaches and drowned forests, hippopotami and sabre-toothed tiger, cave bear and earliest man.
For more information about the English Riviera Geopark or the European and Global Geopark Networks visit _URL_
Please remember the geology of Torbay is special so take only memories, all sites are protected by law.
View my website _URL_
The report of the two UNESCO evaluators that visited the Geopark back in June recently went before the European Geoparks Network Coordination Committe...
The stunning natural heritage of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham has taken a starring role in a short film about the English Riviera Geopark. The 'We Lo...
A 10 year old schoolgirl is to star in a new film beaming the delights of Torbay's natural beauty around the world. Torbay's got Talent finalist Mill...
The third annual English Riviera Geopark Festival is shaping up with more than two dozen events already on the calendar. The festival is staged to ce...
The power of the internet is to be harnessed to help promote Torbay's natural attractions. A new film is being produced which highlights the delights...
This years festival takes place from the 25th May to the 2nd June 2013 There are loads of events - something for all the family! How about.........

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


America's Cup 2021: Interactive explainer: Inside Team NZ's speed machine – how it all works
The boats being raced in this year's America's Cup are pushing the boundaries of both science and design.
The 75-foot foiling monohulls are unlike anything seen before in our waters and have been attracting huge interest and fanfare as they fly across the Waitematā Harbour daily.
But how exactly do these boats fly? What differences are there between Team NZ and Luna Rossa? And what are the responsibilities of each crew member?
Cheree Kinnear and AUT's Sailing Professor Mark Orams break down every inch of Team NZ and Luna Rossa's 75-foot, 7.5 tonne America's Cup boats.
The twin cantilevering foil arms, which extend out the side of the boat, provide lift and stability and are controlled by battery-powered hydraulics.
When the boats are foiling, the force of the wind on the sail is essentially trying to push the boat over on its side, so the foil in the water on the opposite side of the wind helps keeps it stable.
The other foil, if kept in the water would drag, therefore, is lifted. But because it's heavy it also helps with stability. The only time both foils are kept in the water is during a manoeuvre.
"The foils basically support the boat," Orams says. "They're around the size of an ironing board so you've got this massive yacht and all the force is supported by this very narrow foil."
The foil arms also have adjustable flaps attached to the bottom of each wing, and the flight controller's job is to control the flap's angle when foiling.
"If you think of an airplane's wings, the flaps go down to give you lift to take off and then as you take off, you'll see the pilot retract the flap as you've got enough speed that you've got to reduce the drag. It's the same principle with the main foils," says Orams.
Team New Zealand have fairly straight foils while Luna Rossa's resemble more of an inverted 'Y' shape and slant downwards to the tips.
"In aerodynamic terms that gives you more stability," Orams said. "So somehow Team NZ have figured out how to stay stable but have a really low drag set up on their foils. That tells me they must have a very sophisticated way of controlling their flaps."
Controlled by the helmsman, the rudder acts like the tail wing on a plane and is essentially a steering device.
The 'elevators' at the bottom of the rudder control the pitch of the yacht and enable stable flight -basically how much the boat flies nose up or nose down when foiling.
The rudder must work in unison with the foil arms, as Orams explains.
"If you've got them both going the same way, so both angles up, they'll both go to the sky and the boat will breach and fall to the surface. In contrast, if they're both down it'll nose dive so they have to work together."
Just like the foil arms, the larger the rudder, the more control the boat has, but once flying, the more drag it can create. The challenge is in striking the right balance.
While both teams have similar rudders, Team NZ's is the smallest.
The hull is the main body of the boat.
The unique difficulty with designing the hull of these foiling AC75's is, because it spends time both in and above the water, it needs to be built hydro-dynamically and aero-dynamically.
To achieve this balancing act, the hull needs to have enough buoyancy to take off yet be thin enough that when flying, has minimal drag.
Team NZ and Luna Rossa have relatively similar shaped hulls, in that they're arrow-shaped in design but Team NZ is much wider at the back.
"What they're trying to achieve is buoyancy in the hull by making it wide but as they present the hull to the wind direction, that it has as little profile as possible," Orams says.
"A little bit like a fighter jet.
"Luna Rossa's shape is less radical with no hard corners or bumps whereas Team NZ have a bit more of a narrow bow and boxy stern."
The other important aspect of the hull design is the shape of the keel. When the boat is at full flight, wind travelling underneath from one side of the hull to the other can create turbulence.
Extended keels, as seen on both boats, force the wind to go front to back and tunnel either side of the hull.
"It's a lot less drag and allows the boat to go faster," Orams says. "So both teams have these keels that drop from the middle of the boat that closes the gap between the water surface and the hull."
Mast & sails
Each boat must have an identical mast, but how it's installed, how much it leans and where it's positioned is up to the teams.
The sails are constructed out of carbon fibre. Team NZ and Luna Rossa both use North Sails, which are built in a mould.
The jib – being the triangular sail at the front of the boat – is single sided so when the boat goes from one tack to the other, the sail inverts in its shape onto the other side.
The mainsail, however, has two skins, and so creates a "soft wing".
"This is the engine of the yacht so how teams adjust it is huge," says Orams. "Mainsails are adjusted using hydraulics, powered by the grinders, how much power the grinders can produce determines how much adjustment the mainsail trimmer can make. And they have to be adjusted a lot for manoeuvres, puffs and lulls and they're always trying to manage the compromise between power and drag."
When it comes to race day, each team selects which sails to use based on recommendations from their meteorologist. The mainsails are selected fairly early but they leave their jib choice until much closer to the start time.
"You'll have your plan A, plan B and plan C before you even leave the dock," Orams said.
At the top of mast and front of the bowsprit, there are instruments that measure the wind strength and angle.
This provides the afterguard (helmsman and tactician) with valuable information when racing.
It also provides critical information about angle of attack, foil arm cant, pitch of the elevator and the rudder.
"They'll look at some key things such as the target of their boat speed, turn rate in manoeuvres, the speed going into a turn, through the turn and coming out and how they accelerate to get up to speed," said Orams.
"It determines where the mainsail is, the foils are adjusted to and the angle the helmsman is steering the yacht."
In basic terms, grinders use hand winches to create hydraulic power for the trimmers to adjust the sails.
To create hydraulic power, pressure needs to be created to pump hydraulic oil through pipes so the grinders ensure pressure is kept in the accumulator tanks.
"Think about it like a hot water cylinder. When filled up, you've got plenty of hot water and pressure but when you have two showers going, the pressure drops and so goes the temperature, the grinders are basically keeping the pressure up in those tanks," Orams explains.
"Without pressure, a person will essentially push a button and nothing will happen."
Both Team NZ and Luna Rossa have eight grinders, four on each side of the boat.
Flight controller
The flight controller is in charge of the foils and plays an essential part in ensuring the boat pulls off manoeuvres while foiling.
With the more traditional approach, Team NZ have thrust the role onto Blair Tuke.
Luna Rossa, on the other hand, has opted for the configuration with two helmsmen in Jimmy Spithill and Francesco Bruni, meaning both alternate in the role of flight controllers as they manage the foil control system.
Mainsail trimmer
The mainsail trimmer controls the 'engine'.
They're key to spotting changes in wind and can change the top and bottom sections of the mainsail.
But they must coordinate with the helmsman, as Orams explains.
"It's like if you were in a car and you've got one person on the steering wheel and the other with a foot on the accelerator. If they're not in sync with one another, it's really difficult," said Orams.
"They have to be like fighter pilots, very cool and calm."
The helmsman's primary responsibility is steering the boat and making decisions in manoeuvres.
He talks the team through their routines when entering a tack or gybe and the helmsman has the final say.
Team NZ has one helmsman – Peter Burling. But as mentioned above, Luna Rossa has opted to have two – Spithill and Bruni.
"The tricky thing for teams is when they change from one tack to another, how do they control the boat? Team NZ has one primary helmsman, and you want to steer the boat from the windward side. So when they go into a turn Burling ends up on the wrong side so Glenn Ashby has to steer while he crosses the back of the sail," Orams explains.
"In a new innovation, Luna Rossa have one helmsman on each side and swap between roles of steering the boat and controlling the pitch."
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text:
Although hidden and out of sight, dryer vents perform a vital role in your home. Dryer vents remove hot exhaust air from your clothes dryer to ensure effective and safe operation. However, through the process of drying your clothes and with repetitive use, dryer vents can become clogged with lint, dust and other debris. Cleaning your dryer vent on a regular basis is critical. Not only does this help maintain the efficient functioning of your dryer, cleaning ensures your entire home remains safe.
Why Cleaning Dryer Vents Is Important
According to the National Fire Prevention Association, 15,450 house fires in 2010 were caused by home dryer machines, and the majority of these (32%) were triggered by dryer vents that hadn't been cleaned. These fires greatly threaten the safety of homes and families as well as cause millions of dollars of damage to property.
Dryer vent fires most often occur due to lint and other debris that builds up in the vents after repeated dryer use. Lint is made up of small fabric fibers and dust particles that are released from clothes when they are washed. Lint is naturally highly flammable, and combined with the heat from a clothes dryer, can quickly kindle a fire. Clothes dryer fires can often cause significant damage to a home before they can be controlled.
Not only can clogged dryer vents lead to fires, they also reduce the efficiency of your dryer, provide the potential for carbon monoxide poisoning, and promote conditions for the spread of mold and allergens. As dryer vents become clogged and the machine has to work harder to remove exhaust, the dryer efficiency drops and your energy consumption climbs. Without being fully removed by the dryer vent, carbon monoxide can leach into your home causing death or long term poisoning. The buildup of lint and dust in the warm moist environment can also lead to mold growth and excess dust mites. Mold and dust mites can make your whole family ill, while potentially triggering severe allergies or asthma in those who are susceptible.
Keep Dryer Vents Clean
Although uncleaned and clogged dryer vents are the leading cause of dryer machine fires, they can be easily prevented with proper dryer vent maintenance and cleaning. One of the simplest things you can do to prevent dryer vent fires is to ensure you remove lint from your dryer filter before and after each load, to eliminate lint buildup. Although this won't reach all the potential lint buildup in your dryer, it can help to reduce the total lint burden in your dryer.
Another essential component of home dryer maintenance is inspecting your outer vent flap to ensure that it is not obstructed by any debris or build up.
Professional Dryer Vent Cleaning
Professional dryer vent cleaning is an essential aspect of your dryer vent maintenance. While checking your dryer vent yourself at home can help to minimize build up and reduce the chances of a fire, professional dryer vent cleaning can reach areas of the vent that you can't reach alone. No matter how good your regular dryer vent cleaning is, you will always require professional dryer vent cleaning from time to time. Authorities recommend having your dryer vent professionally inspected and cleaned at least once a year for greater dryer vent safety and performance.
Dryer vent maintenance is an essential aspect of keeping your home safe and efficient. Maintain and clean your dryer vent regularly at home and book professional dryer vent cleaning services at least once a year to remove long term lint buildup.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
OOPS! Helpful or Hurtful Activity (GROUP)
In the Conscious Discipline School Family, both students and adults commit to being safe and helpful. For children, it is important to discuss exactly how to practice safety and helpfulness at school.
With this OOPS! Helpful or Hurtful Activity (GROUP), you'll prompt elementary students to reflect on the difference between helpful and hurtful actions, then make a commitment stating how they will be safe and helpful in the School Family.
- Differentiating between helpful and hurtful behavior, practicing safety and helpfulness, learning from mistakes
- Teaching elementary school children how to be helpful and safe in the School Family
- Instructions with teacher script and single-sided printout
- Printed instructions and teacher script
- Printed Commitment activity


text:
Four Acts is a documentary about the 2007 public servants strike in South Africa, which was the first time that Black South Africans had rebelled against its Black government. My colleague and I took a group of students with us to teach in the rural schools of the Eastern Cape, and ended up learning about the real world experiences of teachers in South Africa and about ourselves.
Why is it called Four Acts?
The film is called Four Acts because it looks at the core 4 acts that created the systems of oppression in society and the educational system that still influence education today. The message is that the past is connected to the future and when problems aren't dealt with in a meaningful way (Bantu system of education), then the effects are far-reaching (public servants strike).
Why is this important?
The public servants strike in South Africa was a turning point for the Black South Africans (Xhosa) who are the majority. Previously, the enemy/oppressor had been White South Africans. This was the first time in the country's history that Black South Africans rebelled against a Black government. This strike highlighted how power and access function in society, such that Blacks are now the oppressors of Blacks in the country. This is a turning point for South Africa as we move further into the 21st century in terms of defining who they are, where they want to go and how to get there. Education is always thought to be the preferred route to power, but Black South Africans are learning that the system is so broken that the majority will still be locked out of power. The turning point of the power struggle was when the public servants (teachers, nurses, police officers) were denied a 12% raise, while government officials including then President Mbeki received exorbitant raises, which is why they decided to strike.
Where's the Trailer?
It's coming soon. Check back in about a week.
Who Made this Film?
This film was written, directed and produced by Nsenga K. Burton, Ph.D., who shot most of the film. Dr. Lajerne Terry Cornish serves as producer, Dr. Eric Singer as historical consultant and Daniel St. Ours is producer and editor of the film. Running time: 42 minutes.


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TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Babies and toddlers fed a healthy diet may have slightly higher IQs by the time they are 8 years old than children fed less healthy foods at a young age, according to a new study.
Researchers from the University of Adelaide, in Australia, found an early diet rich in junk foods could cost children up to two IQ points.
"Diet supplies the nutrients needed for the development of brain tissues in the first two years of life, and the aim of this study was to look at what impact diet would have on children's IQs," said the study's leader, Lisa Smithers, a public health researcher at the University of Adelaide, in a university news release.
"While the differences in IQ are not huge, this study provides some of the strongest evidence to date that dietary patterns from six to 24 months have a small but significant effect on IQ at eight years of age," said Smithers. "It is important that we consider the longer-term impact of the foods we feed our children."
For the study, recently published online in the European Journal of Epidemiology, the researchers looked at the dietary habits of more than 7,000 children. The children's diets were assessed when they were 6 months, 15 months and 2 years old. The analysis included the home-cooked foods they ate along with ready-made baby foods, breast-feeding and junk foods.
"We found that children who were breast-fed at 6 months and had a healthy diet regularly including foods such as legumes, cheese, fruit and vegetables at 15 and 24 months, had an IQ up to two points higher by age 8," Smithers noted. "Those children who had a diet regularly involving biscuits, chocolate, sweets, soft drinks and chips in the first two years of life had IQs up to two points lower by age 8.
The researchers pointed out that pre-packed baby foods had some negative impact on the children's IQ when given at 6 months of age, but this ready-made food had some benefits on IQ when given to the children when they were 2 years old.
The study concluded healthy foods are critical for children during their formative years.
However, while the study found an association between healthy eating and higher IQ, it did not show a cause-and-effect relationship. Other factors may have influenced the IQ scores as well.
The U.S. National Institutes of Health provides more information on child nutrition.
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


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Wade with caution. Wade with care.
Always keep these two rules in mind when wading in any body of water. There are obvious and not so obvious dangers inherent with wading. Following these tips will help you experience a safe and enjoyable trip.
- Use a wading staff to feel the bottom before stepping.
- Never wade alone.
- Always wear waders that fit properly.
- Wear a wading belt to create a seal between your body and the wader.
- In rivers and streams, identify potential dangers down current such as waterfalls, log jams or undertows before entering the water.
- Walk slowly, smoothly and carefully.
- Wear a personal floatation device.
- Be aware of tides, currents and water level changes.
- If you fall, don't panic. Don't fight the current, work with it. Allow the current to drift you downstream as you work your body towards the bank.
- Never continue wading if your waders are full of water.
- Always match for wading shoe soles with the terrain for best traction.


Blind men and an elephant
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Blind men touching parts of an elephant
The Blind men and an elephant is an idiom.
The story of the blind men and an elephant comes from India. It is about a range of truths and mistakes. It is also about the need for communication and the need for respect for different perspectives.
The idiom shows the effects of observation and bias.[1] Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.
Story[change | change source]
A group of blind men (or men in the dark) touch an elephant to learn what it is like. Each one feels a different part, but only one part. For example, one touches only the side and another touches only the tusk.
The blind men discover that they disagree when each describes what he has learned from touching the elephant.
Poem[change | change source]
A famous version of story is a poem -- "The Blind Men and the Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe (1816–1887).
And so these men of Hindustan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right
And all were in the wrong.
The poem begins:
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind[2]
They conclude that the elephant is like a wall, snake, spear, tree, fan or rope, depending upon where they touch. None of blind men's description is correct for the whole elephant.[3]
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
 1. Gong, Wenxiang. (1998). Communication and Culture: China and the World Entering the 21st Century, p. 51.
 2. Saxe, John Godfrey. (1872). "The Blind Men and the Elephant," The poems of John Godfrey Saxe, p. 260.
 3. Peng, T.C. and Juliana Yuan. (1995). "Chinese Idioms and Cultural Values," Chinese American Forum, Vols. 11-13, p. 32.
Other websites[change | change source]


Ghent University Academic Bibliography
Project: Eroding or changing citizenship?
project duration
31-DEC-99 – 31-DEC-99
An ethical study and a research in the sociology of public morality concerning the ethico-political identity of the Fleming and their subjective attitudes vis a vis the public domain. How do Flemish people approach the public domain and how do theyintegret their responsibilities confronting public spaces.


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On the integrity of domination in graphs.
This thesis deals with an investigation of the integrity of domination in a.graph, i.e., the extent to which domination properties of a graph are preserved if the graph is altered by the deletion of vertices or edges or by the insertion of new edges. A brief historical introduction and motivation are provided in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 deals with kedge-( domination-)critical graphs, i.e., graphsG such that )'(G) = k and )'(G+e) < k for all e E E(G). We explore fundamental properties of such graphs and their characterization for small values of k. Particular attention is devoted to 3-edge-critical graphs. In Chapter 3, the changes in domination number brought aboutby vertex removal are investigated. \ Parameters )'+'(G) (and "((G)), denoting the smallest number of vertices of G in a set 5 such that )'(G-5) > )'(G) ()'(G -5) < )'(G), respectively), are investigated, as are'k-vertex-critical graphs G (with )'(G) = k and )'(G-v) < k for all v E V(O)). The existence of smallest'domination-forcing sets of vertices of graphs is considered. The bondage number 'Y+'(G), i.e., the smallest number of edges of a graph G in a set F such that )'(G- F) > )'(0), is investigated in Chapter 4, as are associated extremal graphs. Graphs with dominating sets or domination numbers that are insensitive to the removal of an arbitrary edge are considered, with particular reference to such graphs of minimum size. Finally, in Chapter 5, we-discuss n-dominating setsD of a graph G (such that each vertex in G-D is adjacent to at least n vertices in D) and associated parameters. All chapters but the first and fourth contain a listing of unsolved problems and conjectures.


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Build Puzzle 15 - Walkthrough
By, 23 Feb 2012
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In one of my articles I wrote about My First Windows 8 Application – Metro Puzzle there I talked about Windows 8 Metro application and demonstrate how to build app for Win 8, the application I built was Puzzle 15. later I started to get requests to explain the steps for building that game.
So I'm writing the steps for building a Puzzle 15 Game.
Step 1: The Puzzle Base
There are several ways to build the puzzle layer, In my demo I chose a simple way of a Canvas with 16 children's type of StackPanel.
Basically I have a lower canvas with the Board image, on top of it I put another canvas with 16 Stack Panels, each panel spread to 100X100
Now, when I have the main puzzle structure I added an image of size 95x95 to each Stack Panel. (the reason it's not 100X100 – is to leave a space between each), for each image I set the Tag property with the value of the image – 1.png Tag = 1
I've also add a timer for counting the time took to solve this puzzle and another int property to count the moves the user made.
Step 2: Find
One of the most common things we'll use in our code, is FIND:
 - Find Stack Panel by Image Id
 - Find the Empty Panel
 - Find the Value by position
Find the parent of image with a specific Tag value
StackPanel FindStackPanelByTagId(int tag)
 if (tag == 16)
 return (from stackPanel in ContentPanel.Children.OfType()
 where stackPanel.Children.Count == 0 select stackPanel).First();
 return (from stackPanel in ContentPanel.Children.OfType()
 from img in stackPanel.Children.OfType()
 where Convert.ToInt32(img.Tag) == tag
 select stackPanel).First();
Find the position of StackPanel without children
int FindEmptyItemPosition()
 int index = 15;
 if (((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i]).Children.Count == 0)
 return index;
 return 0;
Get the Tag value by StackPanel position
int FindItemValueByPosition(int position)
 return ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[position]).Children.Count > 0
 ? Convert.ToInt32(((Image)((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children
 [position]).Children[0]).Tag) : 16;
Step 3: Scrambles
Now we have are puzzle structure and Find method helpers, the first thing is to Scramble or puzzle.
So I wrote a method that runs n times and generate random numbers from 1 to 16, for each number find the current StackPanel that hold him. (FindStackPanelByTagId).
If First and Second number are smaller then 16 then - swipe the images and tag values.
If One of the values is 16 the swipe - One Stackpanel will be cleared of Items
 void Scrambles()
 var count = 0;
 while (count < 25)
 var a = _rnd.Next(1, 17);
 var b = _rnd.Next(1, 17);
 if (a == b) continue;
 var stack1 = FindStackPanelByTagId(a);
 var stack2 = FindStackPanelByTagId(b);
 if (a == 16)
 var image2 = stack2.Children[0];
 else if (b == 16)
 var image1 = stack1.Children[0];
 var image1 = stack1.Children[0];
 var image2 = stack2.Children[0];
Step 4: Check Board
Each move the user do, perform a loop and checks values from 1 to 16. if the numbers are not in the correct order than nothing happen.
Else You stop the game timer and display a win message.
 void CheckBoard()
 var index = 1;
 for (var i = 15; i > 0; i--)
 if (FindItemValueByPosition(i)!= index) return;
 WinGrid.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible;
Step 5: Move Items
Before we can apply move of items we need to check several things, the first thing is:
Check if the Item Can move, Checking all panels around the specific item with -1 +1 -4 +4, if one of them is empty then he can move.
 StackPanel CanMove(UIElement itemToMove)
 var count = ContentPanel.Children.Count;
 if (!(ContentPanel.Children[i] is StackPanel)) continue;
 var stackPanel = (StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i];
 if (!stackPanel.Children.Contains(itemToMove)) continue;
 if (!IsBorderSwich(i, i + 1) && i + 1 <= 15 && ContentPanel.
 Children[i + 1]!= null &&
 ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i + 1]).Children.Count == 0)
 return ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i + 1]);
 if (!IsBorderSwich(i, i - 1) && i - 1 > -1 && ContentPanel.
 Children[i - 1]!= null &&
 ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i - 1]).Children.Count == 0)
 return ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i - 1]);
 if (i + 4 <= 15 && ContentPanel.Children[i + 4]!= null &&
 ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i + 4]).Children.Count == 0)
 return ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i + 4]);
 if (i - 4 > -1 && ContentPanel.Children[i - 4]!= null &&
 ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i - 4]).Children.Count == 0)
 return ((StackPanel)ContentPanel.Children[i - 4]);
 return null;
The Second - if both of the items you want to swipe are in the Board borders do nothing.
private readonly int[] _bordersNums = { 0, 4, 8, 12, 3, 7, 11, 15 };
bool IsBorderSwich(int a, int b)
 return _bordersNums.Contains(a) && _bordersNums.Contains(b);
Now after we have those safety methods we can move the items based on user clicks: Just register to ItemManipulationStarted on the entire windows, for each event check if the item isn't image do nothing,
if it does, call the CanMove method to verify that this item can move around.
 private void ItemManipulationStarted(object sender,
 ManipulationStartedEventArgs e)
 var item = (UIElement)e.OriginalSource;
 if (!(item is Image)) return;
 var to = CanMove(item);
 if (to!= null)
 txtMoves.Text = _moves.ToString();
 MoveItem(item, to);
 e.Handled = true;
MoveItem - Move Item From One StackPanel to Another.
 void MoveItem(UIElement item, StackPanel targetPanel)
 foreach (var stackPanel in
 ContentPanel.Children.OfType().Where(stackPanel =>
 stackPanel.Children.Count > 0 && stackPanel.Children.Contains(item)))
Step 6: Check If Puzzle Solvable
This part of very important, because half of the starting positions for the n-puzzle are impossible to resolve.
The Puzzle 15 (n-puzzle) is a classical problem for modeling algorithms involving heuristics. Commonly used heuristics for this problem include counting the number of misplaced tiles and finding the sum of the Manhattan distances between each block and its position in the goal configuration. Note that both are admissible, i.e., they never overestimate the number of moves left, which ensures optimality for certain search algorithms such as A*.
bool CheckIfSolvable()
 var n = 0;
 for (var i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
 var num1 = FindItemValueByPosition(i);
 var num2 = FindItemValueByPosition(i - 1);
 if (num1 > num2)
 var emptyPos = FindEmptyItemPosition();
 return n % 2 == (emptyPos + emptyPos / 4) % 2? true : false;
Step 7: Setup a New Game
Now, when we defined everything we need, let's write the New Game method, reset all timer and moves number back to 0, call the Scrambles method, and while the game is unsolvable continue scramble the game, once it's solvable start the timer.
public void NewGame()
 _moves = 0;
 txtMoves.Text = "0";
 txtTime.Text = Const.DefaultTimeValue;
 while (!CheckIfSolvable())
 _startTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(1);
 GridScrambling.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;
About the Author
Shai Raiten
Architect Sela
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GeneralMy vote of 5 PinmvpMichael Haephrati1-Mar-13 2:28
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PPC adopts measure to combat CO2-related cost swings
The main power utility PPC and energy ministry have decided to adopt a CO2 emission right costs-related clause designed to increase electricity tariffs when CO2 costs are elevated and decrease them when these emission right costs are lower.
The power utility was driven to adopt this measure, whose details still remain unknown, to combat current pressure on its share price and improve finances for better terms in capital markets.
To be implemented at the beginning of 2019, the measure is expected to be officially announced within the next two to three days.
Given the higher CO2 emission rights costs, which have quadrupled over the past year or so, the measure is expected to prompt tariff hikes for the time being.
Meanwhile, in another energy sector development, authorities have decided to reduce a RES-supporting surcharge (ETMEAR) imposed on electricity suppliers as a result of the RES special account's surplus figures.


text:
Aisin Seki Co., Ltd, Japan, has developed an eyelid monitor and identified symptoms in eyelid behaviour that indicate drowsiness in motorists. The new automated technology (Intelligent Transport System (ITS)) eliminates the fallibility of human judgement in gauging when drowsiness is becoming a driving hazard.
While a number of physiological factors can indicate drowsiness monitoring eyelid movements is generally less restrictive for the driver. Aisin's eyelid monitor tracks a range of variables such as blink speed and frequency and average eyelid position. Trials of the new technology on motorists driving along a test track confirmed the reliability of using these measured parameters to rate the drowsiness level of the driver.
The company have also used their monitoring systems to identify other behavioural symptoms that indicate lapses in driving competency. Eye movement speed and fluctuations in the vergence angle—which indicates where the line of sight of right and left eye converge—are both linked with incidents of people deviating off lane and slow driver reaction times in driving simulations.
Drowsiness is a serious driving hazard worldwide and ranks as the number one cause of fatal car accidents in Japan. Aisin's 'quality first' corporate principles include a commitment to social contributions. The drowsiness monitoring systems will soon be available in Toyota's cars, providing significant improvements to road safety.
Drowsiness during driving is a worldwide hazard, motivating a number of campaigns worldwide to encourage driver to take regular breaks and plan journeys responsibly. In Japan drowsiness is the number one cause of fatal accidents on the road. Automating identification of the onset of drowsiness can help to eliminate the tragic human errors of misjudging when it is no longer safe to drive.
Physiological factors that may indicate drowsiness include eyelid movement, pupil fluctuation, heart rate, and skin potential activity. Monitoring eyelid movements is a promising approach to detecting drowsiness before it becomes a hazard because it is less restrictive for the driver. Reliable use of eyelid movement symptoms to identify drowsiness required investigative analysis of eyelid behaviour recorded with special monitoring equipment to clarify the relationship.
Results from driving simulators include effects that are not always present in real world circumstances, such as sickness and a greater tendency towards drowsiness due to the lower levels of stress in a simulator. For these reasons Aisin Seki uses real test runs for motor equipment evaluations.
Nine test drivers took part in the evaluation, each accompanied by an observer and an operator. They drove at a constant speed of 60 km/h for 80 minutes or until the observer judged that they were no longer fit to drive.
The monitoring equipment retrieves eyelid movement data from video frame images of the driver's face recorded at 30 frames per second while driving. Eight quantities were recorded: average blinking intervals, average eyelid closure duration, maximum eyelid closure duration, blink frequency, average eyelid closure velocity, average eyelid opening velocity, average eyelid position, and integrated eyelid closure duration. These values were then used to identify five levels of drowsiness: 1, not drowsy; 2, a little drowsy; 3, drowsy; 4, considerably drowsy; and 5, very drowsy.
Significant difference statistical analysis confirmed the reliability of the drowsiness monitoring system. A significant difference of 0.1% was found for the recorded quantities.
Aisin Seki has also identified the link between eye movement and lapses in motorist concentration during driving simulations. They used their specialised eye monitoring equipment to record the movements of left and right eye during driving. Slow fluctuation of the eyes and rapid fluctuation of the vergence angle, which measures the focal point of the line of sight of right and left eye, were both found to precede incidents when the car deviated from its lane or the driver's reaction times were increased.
Aisin Seki has identified symptoms in eye behaviour that can reliably indicate driver drowsiness before an accident occurs. Due to the standard deviation overlap between the values recorded for eyelid movement quantities at adjacent drowsiness levels, more than one quantity may need to be monitored for reliable results. The company is developing an algorithm with a secured estimate accuracy that combines multiple measured eyelid movement quantities. The drowsiness monitor should prove a valuable asset in the prevention of fatal motoring accidents.
Explore further: Sleepy medical staff run increased risks of accidents driving home after a night shift
 Y. Kamakura, M. Ohsuga, Y. Inoue, Y. Noguchi, "Classification of Blink Waveforms
Towards the Assessment of Driver's Arousal Level. ", Transactions of Society of
Automotive Engineers of Japan, 38(4), 173-178, 20070725 (in Japanese).
 J. Nishiyama, K. Tanida, M. Kusumi, Y. Hirata, "Evaluation of the Drowsiness by Pupil
Fluctuation. ", Transactions of the Japanese Society for Medical and Biological
Engineering : BME, 46(2), 212-217, 20080410 (in Japanese).
 Y. Nakano, A. Miyakawa, S. Sano, H. Katoh, "Driver Sleepiness Level Detection Based on The Heart Rate. ", 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 2008, Paper number 10157.
 C. Nishimura, A. Kosaka, K. Tsunemitsu, S. Yoshizawa, J. Nagumo, "Evaluation of the arousal level in motorcar driving using skin potential level I： Changes in skin potential level under various driving conditions. ", The Japanese journal of ergonomics, 23(2), 103 – 110, 1987/04.
 J. Adachi, T. Hayashi, K. Ogawa, T. Suzuki, H. Ishiguro, T. Nishina, K. Ohue, S. Uozumi,
S. Kojima, S. Nakanishi, "Development of a Sensor Detecting Eyelid Positions. ", 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 2008, Paper number 10102.
 H. Kitajima, N. Numata, K. Yamamoto, Y. Goi, "Prediction of Automobile Driver Sleepiness : 1stReport, Rating of Sleepiness Based on Facial Expression and Examination of Effective Predictor Indexes of Sleepiness. ", Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. C, Vo1.63, No.613 (_PHONE_) pp. 3059-3066 (in Japanese).


text:
The Prioress attempts to be dainty and well-bred, and Chaucer makes fun of her by describing how she speaks French with a terrible accent and sings the liturgy straight through her nose. Although the Prioress should be devoted to Christ, she is more concerned with worldly matters: her clothes are richly bedecked, and her coral rosary that says "Love conquers all" serves as a decorative piece rather than a religious article.
The Prioress Quotes in The Canterbury Tales
The The Canterbury Tales quotes below are all either spoken by The Prioress or refer to The Prioress. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:).
The General Prologue Quotes
The Prioress Character Timeline in The Canterbury Tales
The timeline below shows where the character The Prioress appears in The Canterbury Tales. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
The General Prologue
The Nun's Priest's Prologue


text:
A Finite Elements 3D analysis including the soil interaction has been developed. The analysis includes a modal analysis studying the soil (lowest frequencies of the system) and residual (modes resulting from perturbations at the nodes of application in the directions of the forces).
A study of the forced vibration in the frequency domain has also been performed, applying the rotating components centrifugal forces depending on their operating speed.
Peak stress results in concrete have been obtained as well as the stress increase in the reinforcement bars. Finally, the velocity amplitudes of the bearing supports have been compared to the recommended values by the original designers of the foundation and the reference standards.
Rotors masses: 180 - 166.4 kN/g (turbine & generator)
Balance grade: Gr 6.3
Operating frequency: 50 Hz
Other Geotechnical Projects


text:
Background: Grooving evidence suggests that patients could have Direct Access (DA) to physiotherapy. It represents a new model of care, which might lead to improve patients' health status and decrease cost services for healthcare compared with a secondary care referral pathway. The aim of this study is to explore the evidence regarding feasibility, effectiveness, costs, safety and patient satisfaction through DA compared to other organizational models.
Methods: A systematic review was carried out through MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from their inceptions until March 2018 using keywords related with DA. All articles in English, Italian or Polish comparing the modality of DA with any other organizational modality were included. Two reviewers independently selected eligible studies, extracted the data, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.
Results: 1593 articles were initially identified, and thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean NOS score for study quality was 6.4 ± 1.4 out of a possible total score of nine points. Patients impairments and health care status, were similar through all studies. DA showed less number of physiotherapy treatments, visits to physician, imaging performed and required fewer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and secondary care. Patients were more satisfied with the service in comparison to the group referred by the physician. and costs per subject were lower. DA patients were younger, with a higher level of education; mostly, they presented a less severe clinical condition and a more acute pathologies related to the spine. No harms were reported. Only one study assessed the clinical safety of the DA.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that DA to physiotherapy is feasible considering the clinical and economic point of view. However, more research is still needed due to the low evidence of the reviewed studies and to explore the clinical safety of DA.
Keywords: Physical Therapy Modalities; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation.


How is sacred sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening happening on the planet affecting women in business? The following video addresses the connection between the trinity of sacred sexuality, spirituality, and business connected through the Divine Feminine:
Sacred Sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening in Business
How does the Divine Feminine impact yourself as an entrepreneur?
How does sacred sexuality and Twin Flame impact your biz?
Dr Amanda Noelle


text:
Carrying capacity as applied to deer can be defined as the number of animals which a given unit of land area can support without deterioration of the forage resource. A population is limited in size by the factor(s) which exerts the greatest resistance to continued growth. Food, cover, water, human interaction, and dogs are some of the more important factors limiting population growth of deer.
In Missouri forests, the carrying capacity for deer is most often limited by the quantity and quality of food. Preferred foods must not only be present in sufficient quantity, but their nutrient content and digestibility (or quality) must be considered when appraising carrying capacity. Protein is deficient in winter and phosphorus is deficient year round in several preferred foods of Ozark deer.
Summer foods are 1.5 times more digestible than winter foods; cellulose is over 4 times more digestible in summer than in winter. Thus, even when ample amounts of browse are available, deer may be poorly nourished. However, in winter, quantity of forage is a more important limiting factor than quality.
Energy may be the most important limiting factor in the forest. Deer are apparently in a negative energy balance and lose weight during most winter. Feeding studies of penned deer show that deer voluntarily decrease food consumption and lose weight during winter. Deer have apparently adapted through evolutionary time to poor quality and quantity of winter foods and depend on fat reserves deposited in late summer and fall to supply much of their winter energy needs.
Good summer and fall nutrition may be critical to winter survival and successful production of healthy fawns the following spring. Acorns are an important energy source during late summer and fall and this probably explains their heavy consumption rate by deer. A late summer drought followed by an acorn failure could be critical for deer in the Missouri Ozarks.
In some cases, deer populations never reach levels that fully utilize the available food. Here, limiting factors other than food cause low deer numbers. Free-running dogs, poaching, and lack of cover or water are examples of such factors.


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How to set PHP upload file size limit in PHP
If you've got a web application that uploads files to the server through a PHP script, you might have noticed that by default you can't upload terribly large files. Depending on how you host your website (or application) there are different ways to change the PHP settings.
The reason the limit is set fairly low by default is for stability and security reasons – a malicious script or attacker could attempt to DoS your server with large file uploads and temporarily shut your application down.
The default settings of PHP will restrict the size of any file to be uploaded to 2 MB maximum. This arise a lot of problems for those who want to upload a file which is greater than 2 MB.
To increase the upload size you have to change three settings present in the php.ini file:
- post_max_size : This is the combined maximum size of all files sent on the form. If you have 2 file fields on your form, the total file size of the 2 files must not exceed the post_max_size value.
- upload_max_filesize: This is the file upload limit of each individual file.
- memory_limit: PHP scripts have a memory limit, and generally speaking this can prevent some uploads from working. The limit should be set at a reasonable level, of course you won't need 20mb for a simple 'hello world' script. Try slowly increasing this value if you find that uploads still aren't working.
You can set the values by using a numeric value followed by M for the amount of MB you want to allocate for each variable.
If you host your site remotely, you should check their documentation on how to change the PHP configuration settings.
Change php.ini directly
If you host your site on a server that you have access to, you can change your php.ini file directly. This is the easiest approach. Your php.ini file should exist in the PHP installation directory. Open it in your favourite text editor and search for these lines and change them:
memory_limit = 8M
post_max_size = 8M
upload_max_filesize = 2M
Indeed, some applications need the PHP upload_max_filesize to be at least 40 MB. Unfortunately, you cannot have such a high value on the shared server because of possible server overloads due to excessive memory usage.
The upload_max_filesize on our shared servers is set to 24Mb and it cannot be changed. In most cases this is more than enough and you will not experience problems because of it. In rare cases where 24Mb are not enough, we recommend using an FTP client to upload the necessary file.
How does Php.ini Increase Upload File Size Limit?
The answer to this question can fully be given but first of all we should be familiar with the following terms:
PHP originally stood for Personnel Home Page but now it is stand for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages.
A special file for PHP and several zests such as suPHP is named as Php.ini. The Php.ini file is the default configuration file for running applications that require PHP.It is used to control the variables such as upload sizes, file timeouts, and resource limits. The server's php.ini file is located at /usr/local/lib/php.ini.
File Upload :
File Upload allows the visitors to send files to the web server using standard forms. File Upload was not supported in Internet Explorer 3.0 but was soon afterwards added in version 3.02. The file upload limit is usually set pretty low by shared hosting providers. All hosting providers does not allow their customers to increase the file upload limit.
Php Upload File :
Now we will discuss that how does Php upload file to the server:
If we want to allow users to upload a file to the server, then we have to provide a form for them to specify which file they want to upload. Once the submit button of the form is being clicked, the action page is called. This is the page that needs to contain the PHP code to process the uploaded file.
The Input Form :
Before a user can upload a file, an interface that allows the user to select a file should be provided to them and thus the upload is being initiated.
The following code is an example of an input form. There are a couple of important things to note about this code:
- The actions attribute points to a.php file. This is the file that will process the uploaded file.
- There is an attribute called enctype, and its value is multipart/form-data.
- One of the input fields has type="file".
The Action Page :
Once the user uploads a file, the file is uploaded into a temporary directory on the server. If the file will not be moved then it will disappear. Therefore, the action page needs to move the file to another location where it can stay as long as it is required.
Whenever a file is uploaded, you can find out certain information about the file including its name, type, size, as well as the name of the temporary file on the server. These details are made available to you via a PHP array called $_FILES.
Therefore, we are well known with fact that how PHP upload file.
Now we will discuss about the fact that how does Php.ini Increase Upload File Size Limit. The Php.ini Increase Upload File Size Limit in a following way:
The server's PHP setting determines the upload file size. The default values for PHP will not allow us to go beyond the maximum 2MB upload file size. The page for upload modules depends on two PHP setting i.e.
The upload module limits the size of a single attachment to be 50% of post_max_size, or 100% of upload_max_filesize, whichever is smaller. The default PHP values are 2 MB for upload_max_filesize, and 8 MB for post_max_size.These two PHP variables can be changed in a number of places by mean of most likely being php.ini or.htaccess(depending on our hosting situation).
This can further be understood by mean of the following instance:
If we want to increase the limit on uploaded files to 10 MB then we have to act in a following manner:
Add the following to the relevant php.ini file, if it can be accessed. This is a system-wide setting for some hosts. However, if hosts are running PHP as a CGI script with suexec (for example) then these directives can be put in a php.ini file in the root directory.
- upload_max_filesize = 10M;
- post_max_size = 20M;
Add the following to the.htaccess file in the root directory.
- php_value upload_max_filesize 10M
- php_value post_max_size 20M
The Php documentation expounds that the memory_limitsetting also affects file uploading. It is but natural that memory_limit should be larger than post_max_size. If such an issue arises then add this:
- in php.ini, memory_limit = 18M;
- in.htaccess, php_value memory_limit 18M
Hence, how can PHP increase upload file size limit is different from the fact that how can Php.ini Increase
Upload File size Limit as in the above written section we are increasing memory size limit.


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Senna alata (akapulko) Extract versus Topical Antifungals for Treatment of Superficial Fungal Skin Infections: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Objective. The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Senna alata (akapulko) plant extracts compared with topical antifungals in the treatment of superficial fungal skin infections.
Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that studied patients with diagnosed cutaneous tinea or dermatophytosis (excluding hair and nail), tinea versicolor, or cutaneous candidiasis, via microscopy or culture, and compared the efficacy and safety of S. alata (akapulko) extract versus topical antifungals. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts of merged search results from electronic databases (The Cochrane Skin Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE (January 1990 to December 2011), Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN), and reference lists of articles), assessed eligibility, assessed the risk of bias using the domains in the Cochrane Risk Bias tool and collected data using a pretested Data extraction form (DEF). Meta-analyses were performed when feasible.
Results. We included seven RCTs in the review. There is low certainty of evidence that S. alata 50% lotion is as efficacious as sodium thiosulfate 25% lotion (RR 0.91, 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.04; 4 RCTs, n=216; p=0.15; I2=52%) and high quality evidence that S. alata cream is as efficacious as ketoconazole (RR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.09; 1 RCT, n=40; p=0.44) and terbinafine cream (RR 0.93, 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.01; 1 RCT, n=150; p=0.09) in mycologic cure. For adverse effects, there is very low certainty of evidence of increased harm with S. alata 50% lotion compared to sodium thiosulfate 25% lotion (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 0.46, 3.44; 2 RCTs, n=120; p=0.65; I2=19%). Adverse effects were few and mild.
Conclusion. S. Alata 50% lotion may be as efficacious as sodium thiosulfate 25% lotion and is as efficacious as ketoconazole 2% and terbinafine 1% creams. There is insufficient evidence to compare the safety of S. alata 50% lotion with sodium thiosulfate 25% lotion


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domed apex of shoot. The sliding of the bubbles on the cylinder wall simulates this lengthening of internodes (Fig.25).
2.4. Explanation of chirality
How do the right and left forms appear? Let us examine the initial primordia placement (Fig. 26, Fig. 27). The third primordium can appear both on one, and on the other side from the reflection line which has the first two primordia centers lying on it. Solution of this dilemma will determine hereinafter for each family of spirals its direction. A choice of position for the third primordium is probably casual, and depends on external factors, for example, on uneven heating of bud by the sun.
2.5. Versatility of model
The model allows to describe a whorled phyllotaxis, as well as the spiral one. If the cylinder is sufficiently narrow, and if the primordia appear as a complexes composed of two, three or more bubbles, we have a whorled pattern (Fig. 28, Fig. 29, Fig. 30, Fig. 31).
The work shows a possibility of complicated accommodation
on the basis of simple principle of minimax: "It pops up in the biggest
Mail: Weise D. L., Russia, Moscow, 121353, Belovejskaya, 39-2-133.


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Home> Data By State> Colorado> Grand> Profile
Displays all indicators for this geography, A-Z.
Data highlights selected by our KIDS COUNT state grantee.
Full set of data provided by our KIDS COUNT state grantee.
Key indicators of child well-being tracked in our annual KIDS COUNT Data Book.
Nine indicators from the Early Reading Indicators: 2010 KIDS COUNT Special Report.
Definitions: Percent and number of children under age 18 living in families with incomes below poverty level.
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)
Note: SAIPE changed methodology in 2005. Trends are not recommended across this point in time.
Uninsured rates based on Colorado Health Institute (CHI) analyses of data from the 2009, 2010 and 2011 American Community Surveys (ACS). A child was counted as uninsured if his or her parent reported that the child did not have any form of health insurance at the time at which the ACS questionnaire was administered. CHI applied a method developed by the University of Missouri to apportion ACS geographic strata to Colorado counties in order to yield county-level estimates. Due to several counties being part of the same ACS stratum, uninsured rates will be similar for several rural counties.
Data Source: Colorado Health Institute
Definitions: The number and percent of students scoring proficient or advanced on the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP, administered until 2011) or Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP, administered in 2012) by county.
Data Source: Colorado Department of Education
LNE=Low Number of Events, Data Suppressed
Note that school districts within counties that have suppressed data are excluded from the county aggregations.


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The recycle logo (or symbol) appears on the products we buy on a daily basis. Its purpose is to encourage people to participate in the recycling process and identifies that the packaging is recyclable. This internationally-recognized recycling symbol was created in the early 1970s as a part of the design contest that was initiated by the Chicago-based Container Corporation of America (CCA) at different high schools and colleges across the country. The purpose was to increase the awareness of the environmental issues and also to create a logo for their then-revolutionary recycled cardboard boxes. The contest was won by a 23-year-old college student, Gary Anderson from the University of Southern California, whose creation marked the first official Earth day. His concept for the now famous logo basically originated from 19th century mathematician August Ferdinand.
The recycling logo is not a trademark and everyone can use it; however restrictions do exist in some local areas as to how can one use it like for example, its use on non-recycled goods would be misleading or illusory. The CCA originally applied for a trademark on the design, but the application was challenged, and the company chose to dispose of the claim.
DESIGN ELEMENTS OF THE RECYCLE LOGO:
The Recycle logo is probably one of the most recognizable logos ever designed. It reminds people of the significance to make better use of the things around them to help save the environment.
Shape of the Recycle logo:
The recycle logo is composed of three chasing arrows forming a Möbius strip that is twisted to take the shape of a triangle indicating that products should be recycled to help manufacture new products. The more we recycle the more beneficial it is to the environment.
Color of the Recycle logo:
The arrows in the recycle logo are filled with green and outlined in black. These colors signify renewal, health and environment.
The recycle logo has a lot of significance because of the important message it conveys to us.


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Mechanical Systems for Scientific Lab Research
Phase II of the primary research facility of the School of Pharmacy's National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR) at the University of Mississippi required an intricate HVAC and plumbing design. The construction of the four-story, 96,153 square foot building completed the two-building NCNPR complex, allowing researchers to readily translate basic research of natural products into clinical studies and commercial products.
- Extensive lab gas piping systems
- Four large custom air handling units
- 421 VAVs
- 14 Exhaust fans
- 172 Plumbing fixtures
- An elaborate laboratory airflow control system
The project is slated to achieve LEED Silver Certification. Lean construction methodologies were implemented through the pre-fabrication of piping assemblies. Approximately 70% of this mechanical project was prefabricated in order to reduce waste and drive efficiency.


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Adjustable birthing chair, Europe, _PHONE_
Childbirth is made more comfortable for the mother by the adjustable seat, back and arms of the chair. It is made from wood, padded leather and iron. The seat shape allows a clear route for the emerging baby and access for those assisting the birth. The chair is also known as a parturition chair. They were used from ancient times until the 1800s. The grooved parts on the bottom of the frame were used for leg rests, which the mother would use for support and to press against. Some birthing chairs have low centres of gravity so the mother can squat and still be supported by the chair.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 535 related objects. View all related objects
Glossary: parturition chair
Chair used during parturition, a seat in which a mother may give birth to her child
The act or process of giving birth to a child
A branch of medicine dealing with the care of women. This care occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, and the period of recovery from childbirth.


User Guide
 - 2021.2
 - 03/26/2021
 - Public Content
Unhandled Application Exception
Occurs when the application undergoing analysis crashes because of an unhandled exception thrown by the application.
Problem type: Unhandled application exception
Code Location
Represents the instruction that threw the exception.
C Example
The following C example is overly simplified to provide possible scenarios where these types of errors may occur.
void problem1 (int *y) { *y = 5; } void problem2() { int *x = new int; }
Two exceptions are possible in this example:
 - y
 may not reference a valid memory address; therefore the write instruction may cause an exception. If that exception is not properly handled, the
 Intel Inspector
 shows an unhandled exception pointing to the write instruction at
 - If the application is out of memory, the allocation throws an exception. If the exception is unhandled by the application, the
 Intel Inspector
 shows an unhandled exception associated with the allocation.
Fortran Example
The following Fortran example is also overly simplified to provide possible scenarios where this type of error may occur.
function problem1(a) integer, allocatable :: a(:) a(5) = 1 problem1 = 1 end function problem1 function problem2(a) integer, allocatable :: a(:) allocate(a(1000)) problem2 = 1000 end function problem2
Possible Correction Strategies
This problem usually indicates an existing bug in your application that manifests during analysis. In general, it is good programming practice to ensure allocations succeed and references are valid before using them.
Product and Performance Information


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A curve of radius 138 m is banked at an angle of 11°. An 762-kg car negotiates the curve at 82 km/h without skidding. Neglect the effects of air drag and rolling friction. Find the following.
(a) the normal force exerted by the pavement on the tires
(b) the frictional force exerted by the pavement on the tires
(c) the minimum coefficient of static friction between the pavement and the tires


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Today, most of the Premium websites online are subscription based. You have to pay them monthly or annually for their services. But many of us would like to save some money and share the costs of the premium services like Netflix, Hulu, etc.
This would require sharing logins with other people whom you may or may not trust. But don't worry, today I have a tool which allows you to share accounts with others without giving them the password.
AccessURL – Share access to websites without giving away your username and password.
AccessURL is a tool which helps you to share your logins to anyone for a specified period through cookies. They do not rely on passwords and usernames.
You can use this to provide temporary access to anyone to your accounts. It works with Facebook, Netflix, Hulu, Twitter, etc.
They do not store your passwords on their servers, so you don't have to worry about hackers and password leaks. Additionally, they encrypt the session data with AES encryption algorithm before sharing the logins.
How Does AccessURL Work?
Whenever you log into a Website, a cookie is generated by them. This cookie is stored on your browser to log in afterward without a password.
AccessURL stores this cookie from the website. Then it encrypts it using Advanced Encryption Algorithm (AES).
After you specify the period, they generate a link which you will share with anyone who needs the access.
For accessing the website, the user should have the AccessURL Extension installed on their browser.
Steps for creating AccessURL
- Install AccessURL Extension for Chrome or Firefox.
- Create an Account here.
- Sign in to the website for which you want to create an AccessURL.
- Click on the AccessURL Button in the Toolbar.
- Select a time for expiration of the URL
- Click on Generate AccessURL
- Now the AccessURL will be generated, click on Copy AccessURL to copy it and share it with your Friends!
Note: If you log out of anywhere, other users will not be able to access the website using your AccessURL.
This was the method to share logins with anyone without sharing the passwords and risking your accounts.
This method can be used in many scenarios like office work, troubleshooting, etc.
You should always share your AccessURL with trusted people only and be aware of setting the right expiration date.
If you notice any unusual activity in your account, just log out of it, and no one will be able to access it through the link anymore.
If you have any queries, do tell them in the comments below, share it with your friends if you liked it :).


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Army animal care specialists take care of Government-owned patrol dogs, ceremonial horses, sled dogs, sea mammals, and animals used in research. Army animal care specialist supervises or provides the care, treatment, and sanitary conditions for animals.
Army animal care specialist duties:
- Provide routine daily care for animals in veterinary treatment
- Position and restrain animals for examination and treatment
- Calculate doses and administers oral and topical medications as directed by the veterinarian
- Obtain medical history from owners and/or handlers and measures and records animal vital signs
- Perform physical examinations to detect obvious abnormalities and reports findings to veterinarian
- Maintain sanitary conditions for all components of the veterinary treatment facilities to include operating room and equipment
- Assist veterinarian in surgical procedures and perform euthanasia when instructed by veterinarian
Job training for an Animal Care Specialist requires nine weeks of basic training, where you'll learn basic soldiering skills, and 11 weeks of advanced individual training, including practice in animal care.
The skills you learn as an Animal Care Specialist will help prepare you for a future as a civilian veterinary aide or assistant at a veterinary hospital. With continued study and experience, you may qualify for certification as an Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician.


Social Work Rural Camp
The 10-day rural camp exposes students to working in community and allows them to experience group living.
In the beginning of the semester students should attend 10 days rural camp.
 - Social work camp for 8 to 10 days is compulsory for Students
 - Micro-planning activity and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) activity shall be the part of social work camp.
 - Urban social work camp may also be organized in any town or corporation area.
 - Tribal camp may also be organized in any tribal area.
 - Students should prepare a social work camp report and submit it to College/Dept.
Objectives of the social work camp:
 1. Understand the social system with the dynamics within.
 2. Analysis of the regional social system, the approaches, and the strategies of intervention used by the government and non-government organisations.
 3. Understand the nature of government intervention in relation to various groups (caste, tribe etc.) in the region, and the related structures of decision-making and intervention.
 4. Develop the capacity to critique the interventions of both the voluntary organisations and the government agencies in relation to the specific group.
 5. Through experience in group-living the student should learn to appreciate its value in terms of self-development, interpersonal relationships, sense of organisation, management and taking on responsibility.
 6. Acquire skills in planning, organising, implementing through the camp for example: conscious use of time, communication skills, team spirit, handling relationships, conflicts and differences of opinion, decision making, evaluation, appreciation, sharing of resources, tasks, coping skills in problem situations, cooperation and coordination.
 7. Learners are fully involved in planning, implementing the plans and presenting their experience in a workshop on return from the camp.
 8. The learners should be encouraged to take on concrete tasks towards meeting basic/civic needs of the people.
 1. Living conditions, housing, water supply and other amenities.
 2. Social life-power structure, community life, social norms and social institutions, dominant caste and untouchability.
 3. Marriage and types of families, family life.
 4. Economic lifeOccupation, extent of employment, ownership of house, land, average size of holding, proportion of landless labourers, proportion of land held by non-tribals and average size holding (in a tribal area), income and indebtedness, bonded labour.
 5. Exploitation by landlord, moneylender, and traders, extent and areas of exploitation, efforts made to obtain justice and with what effect, conflict, resolution methods.
 6. Political life-dominant politicians in the region and taluka, the bases of their power, their links with other economic exploiters and politicians at different levels, their influence with respect to the police, judiciary, government officials, factional politics that effect development and social justice.
 7. Education-level of education, education facilities and who controls them, suitability of education system, use of education facilities by different castes and class groups.
 8. Conditions of health and nutrition, services available and their use.
 9. Positive local initiatives in the area.
Other problems and issues
 - Analysis of intervention programmes/services approach/strategies, participation of the client system.
 - Gaps and suggestions.
 - Role of the social worker.
 - 10. Guidelines for observation of a voluntary agency in a rural setting:
 1. Objectives
 2. The approach and methods used for achieving objectives.
 3. Organisational structure.
 4. Priorities and programs evolved, participation of people in decisionmaking and in programme implementation, problems encountered in programme implementation.
 5. Impact on the villagers in terms of their problems, social justice, development of leadership, development of an alert and democratic community.
 6. Relationship with Panchayat Raj, Block Development personnel, the magistracy and other government institutions and bodies, difficulties encountered, benefits received.
 - 11. Guidelines for observation of community development organisaitons and Panchayat Raj.
 1. Administrative set up of both the above.
 2. Who are the zilla parishad samiti/panchayat members, their socioeconomic and caste status.
 3. Problems of administrative personnel in working with elected persons at different levels.
 4. Decision making process: type of problems that come before the zilla parishad, panchayat, who initiates projects, process of assessing them. How decisions are made-manipulations, lobbying, pressure tactics used.
 5. Current major programes, budget allocations for the programmes, methods of implementation, participation of people, impact on development and social justice.


text: We began the Behavior Matrix Consequence Room in provide a consequence option for teachers & administration when students break the behavior matrix. The room was starting in November and since then we have had 343 'detentions.' We have noticed that the number of 'detentions' peaks around certain times of the year, such as spring time. By having this room open, you can quickly see where your problem areas lie and can take steps to alleviate the problem. The first graph below shows the number of infractions and the second graph breaks it down by grade.