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- How to declare the end of a study
The end of the trial is normally defined as the last visit of the last participant, unless otherwise specified in the protocol. There are different processes to go through depending on whether you are undertaking a Clinical Trial of Investigational Medicinal Products (CTIMPs) or undertaking any other research. For all research studies other than CTIMPs, it is the responsibility of the Chief Investigator to notify the HRA and REC that gave a favourable opinion of the research, the Sponsor and R&D Department of the end of the study. The end of the study is defined as the final date or event specified in the protocol, not the completion of data analysis or publication of the results.
The Chief Investigator should complete a Declaration of the end of a study form available from NRES and send it to:
- Main REC that provided a favourable opinion;
- Research Sponsor: where Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is the Sponsor, please send documents to the Research Governance team;
- Please send copies of the End of Study form to the Research Access team
For a CTIMP the end of the clinical trial must be formally defined in the research protocol. It is a legal requirement of the current regulations that the competent authority (MHRA) and main REC are notified that the clinical trial has ended. For CTIMPs, this responsibility is often delegated by the Sponsor to the Chief Investigator for the clinical trial. The Chief Investigator (CI) is responsible for submitting the Clinical Trial Report to the MHRA no later than 1 year after the end of the trial.
- Funding Body Requirements
Funding bodies require a final report outlining how their funds have been used and the outcomes of the study.
- Dissemination of research findings
Health and social care research is conducted for the benefit of patients, users, care professionals, and the public in general. Therefore, all those pursuing health and social care research must open their work to critical review through the accepted scientific and professional channels. The obvious route to inform the research community is through publication in scientific journals. However dissemination strategies can also include: presentation at local, regional and national conferences and meetings; informing research participants of research findings and informing service users of findings.
- Archiving of Research Documents
Following the close of a trial it is necessary to archive all trial related documentation to ensure that all study documentation are:
- Stored correctly and confidentiality maintained;
- Not passed on without the appropriate consent;
- Accessed in-line with Trust policies and procedures;
- Only used for the defined purpose;
and to ensure:
- Patient safety in using and recording information;
- Up-to-date information is stored;
- Staff awareness of responsibilities and accountability;
- Information is accessible when required;
Storage of personal data is subject to the Data Protection Act 1998 and, in clinical trials, the applicable elements of the UK Clinical Trial Regulations.
Please contact the Centre for Health Research and Innovation regarding the procedure for archiving all study documents on ALL research studies that are sponsored by or hosted by Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The length of time for archiving is dependent upon each individual protocol and/or guidance from the commercial sponsor.
Further details can be found in the document


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LockState ResortLock 1-Wire Reader
The LockState ResortLock 1-Wire iButton Reader is a special wire device meant to help ResortLock users program their locks. The wire, which is actually an iButton reader, facilitates the transfer of data programmed through the PC into the iButton which can then be used to transmit information to your installed ResortLocks on any door.
The 1-Wire cable plugs conveniently into the USB port, so it's compatible to all computers. Once plugged in, the computer will automatically set up the drivers for the device. These drivers, however, can also be downloaded from ResortLock's website. Use a computer that has the ResortLock application software installed and from there you can program a
number of things, such as:
- New Entry Codes
- Daylight Savings Mode
- Set Light to Blink
- Classroom or storehouse modes
Once the information has been issued to the iButton, the information can then be relayed by touching the button onto the front of the lock, making sure to press the reset button on the locks first. If done properly, a beeping sound will be heard and all the date, time, codes, and other settings would have been set.
Conversely, the 1-Wire reader is used to register the serial numbers of multiple locks to your computer, allowing you to program different locks with ease.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


An aerial photo of Khartoum, Sudan, where the Blue Nile (right) and the White Nile meet. Photo credit: NASA
This issue brief provides a sketch of the major issues under discussion and summarizes the current state of the negotiations over the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA).
Negotiations for a CFA started in 1997 and have not yet been concluded. The CFA seeks to establish a permanent Nile River Basin Commission through which member countries would act together to manage and develop the resources of the river. The countries constituting the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) are Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
There has been noticeable tension among the NBI countries due to disagreements over what constitutes the equitable utilization of water. Potential conflicts over the waters of the Nile River stem from the increased need for water for irrigation, as well as from the rise in the hydropower needs of the riparian countries.


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Interested in linking to "Orifice Flow Measurement Accuracy"?
You may use the Headline, Deck, Byline and URL of this article on your Web site. To link to this article, select and copy the HTML code below and paste it on your own Web site.
I was asked to determine the measurement error, using the square root of sum of squares method (SRSS) if the flow is 50% (ΔP = 25% = 25 in. H2O), the d/p cell is located where the ambient temperature is 120 ºF, and the operating pressure of the flowing fluid is 1000 psig. I was told that we can neglect the error in the receiving instrument (a computer). How do I calculate the zero and span errors caused by the differences in temperatures and pressures between calibration and actual? What will be my total error at 50% flow if I calculate it with the SRSS method?
Eo: orifice error;
Eref: reference error (repeatability in Figure 1) stated by the vendor, which reflects only the linearity, repeatability and hysteresis errors of the d/p cell;
Etz, Ets, Epz, Eps, which are the errors caused by the differences between calibration and operating pressures and temperatures on the zero and span of the d/p cell. Usually the "zero error" is the greater if the ratio of upper range limit to full scale (URL/FS) is high;
Era: "rangeability error," which rises as the actual flow drops. For linear meters, it rises linearly (Figure 1). For non-linear, orifice type measurement, it rises exponentionally (ΔP ~ F2), and therefore at 33% flow, the ΔP is 11% FS;
Erc: the error of the receiving instrument.
From Figure 1, one can see that if the supplier publishes only Eref, that is much less than the actual total error, which at 33% full scale flow for a typical installation is about 3%. Therefore, if the flow is expected to drop below 33%, we use multiple ranges (Figure 2).
Gerald Liu, P. Eng.
A: There are many issues. First the flow rate, F, is a calculated value related to the differential pressure, dP, created by the orifice. You will need a calibration equation to convert the measured dP to F. In a mathematically ideal world, F is proportional to the square root of dP. However, many features of the orifice design, installation configuration, flow turbulence number (Reynolds Number), fluid compressibility, transducer discrimination errors, etc. often make the square root idealization inappropriate. Often a power law calibration model, such as F=a*dP^b, where b is in the 0.4 to 0.55 range, derived from experimental data, leads to both more accurate and precise results.
Second, either the ideal square root or appropriated power law model presumes turbulent flow. For your orifice meter testing, you need to be sure that the flow rate remains in the turbulent region.
Third, turbulence-induced fluctuations on the dP signal create noise on the measured F (F appears measured because it is displayed, but F is actually calculated by the calibration equation and the dP sensor signal). The flow turbulence is greater at higher flow rates, but the square root functionality attenuates in the high F range. Accordingly, at low F, as F increases, the measurement noise will increase, but at high F, as F increases, the noise will decrease. Precision is reported as some measure of variability, But this value of precision would change with the flow rate value. You would need to characterize precision at several F values.
Fourth, you could quantify precision by experimental replicate testing or by propagating uncertainty. Use propagation of uncertainty when you are seeking to estimate the errors related to the pressureand temperature-induced influences on fluid density—measured F. But you will need models that relate pressure and temperature to each source of variation.
Fifth, understand both aspects of measurement error: precision and accuracy. Both can be reported as rms values. Accuracy is measured by closeness to the true value. To report accuracy, you need to compare the "measured" F to a true value of F. To do this, calibrate the orifice meter, then compare the average of the noisy measured F value to a known standard. Even if accuracy is perfect at some flow rate, because the simple calibration equation will not exactly capture nature's behavior over the entire range, the measured F will not represent the truth over the entire range. Accuracy will change with F. In contrast to accuracy, precision is related to repeatability, replicate variability or noise-induced fluctuations. To report precision, take many samples at one constant flow rate value and calculate the standard deviation of the replicate measurements.
Finally, after you have quantified either accuracy or precision, something will change. Someone will adjust the noise damping feature of the dP cell or the noise filter on the signal or calculated value, which will change the precision and lag associated with the measurement, or the orifice will erode, corrode, etc., or someone will adjust an upstream feature (thermowell insertion, bypass, etc.) which will shift the F to dP relation within the devices, making the calibration equation inaccurate.
With best practices for calibration, installation and maintenance, handbooks report orifice flowmeter error in the 3% to 5% range. They also indicate that 10% error is not to be unexpected. Accordingly, a major concern about flow rate measurement error might justify consideration of an alternate flowmeter type.
R. Russell Rhinehart

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Abstract: SyntheaTM creates realistic medical histories using many interdependent disease modules. This study adapted Synthea to build a predictive tool that estimates the effects of medical standards changes on Air Force readiness. We added or modified 45 Synthea modules, covering 92.4% of diagnoses impacting readiness between 2007 - 2017. With Synthetic AirForce, users can modify medical standards to predict the readiness impact. Upon validation, policy leaders could use this tool to visualize policy ramifications before implementation.
Describe the new knowledge and additional skills the participant will gain after attending your presentation.: This session demonstrates the application and modification of an open-source software tool that simulates the population effects of healthcare policy changes. Attendees should gain an understanding of Synthea, the relevant use cases for adopting it within their own organizations, and an example predictive modeling application.
Colby Uptegraft (Presenter)
Boston Children's Hospital
Jason Walonoski, MITRE


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- A LinearizingTransformationData[…] object ltd can be used to retrieve various properties.
- The list of available properties is given by ltd["Properties"].
- Additional information about the properties is listed on function pages FeedbackLinearize, StateTransformationLinearize, and CarlemanLinearize.
- Typical properties include:
"Linearization" type of linearization "TransformedSystem" system in the new coordinates "InverseStateTransformation" inverse transformation of the state variables
Examplesopen allclose all
Introduced in 2014


Why Choose Black And White Photography
We see and live in a world full of colors. That is how we have evolved and it is naturally, the world that we know. There are different schools of thought when it comes to black and white photography. Some individuals believe that this was a technical limitation of the past and people need to get over it.
While others still believe that it is still an inventive choice that needs to even be reconnoitered in great depths. As the camera technology evolves, with more emphasis being placed on improved colors, why would one choose to shoot or process their images in black and white?
In this article, we take a look at the top reason why you might consider shooting, processing or converting your images to black and white.
1. Black and white helps you see differently
In the old adage, the photographers took shots in black and white, because they had no choice. However, even with the Kodachrome that introduced the world to color, there is still pursuance of black and white photos. This is due to the fact that black and white was and still is being seen as photography in its purest form. Whenever color is removed from the equation of an image, the emphasis shifts to the compositional element of the photo.
These factors include shape, lines, texture, tones, and contrasts. With this in mind, it is obvious that not all pictures will translate to black and white, thus as a photographer, you will have to deduce something else to work with besides the color. Most of the time, black and white assist you develop a different perspective from what you are used to seeing. This helps nurture your photographic eye.
2. Eliminates distractions
Human beings are set to view the world in color and there is absolutely nothing wrong with that. At times, this contributes to other elements that might be lost. Some of the elements that are required in photography include texture, lighting, form, and shape.
When you take a shot in black and white, your challenge yourself to remove all the distractions of color. These include color cats and the difference in color temperature, and strong colorful elements that might reside on the background of the image.
Monochromic imagery always forces photographers to focus on shape, form, and texture while composing the image. With black and white photography, the distractions are removed and the colors are translated to gray that add to the image.
3. Offers Creative Choice
Since the world is obsessed with color, it is always safe to say the color depicts reality, hence the black and white photography is depicted as a rendition of reality.
When color is removed from an image, you not only isolate the different elements but also be compelled to find how they relate to each other. Therefore, it helps you to explore and create a different way of telling a story.
4. Adds mood and emotion
The variance tonal ranges or rich black and deep contrasts always appeal human psychologically. It helps create the connection that makes one stop and pay attention to whatever is being presented. Most photographers use black and white in storytelling, especially in street photography. In some genres, monochrome connects, strengthens and enhances mood and emotion.


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Translate segment | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of segment
1each of the parts into which something is or may be divided. a portion of time allocated to a particular broadcast item on radio or television. a separate broadcast item, typically one of a number that make up a particular program. Phonetics the smallest distinct part of a spoken utterance, in particular the vowels and consonants as opposed to stress and intonation. Zoology each of the series of similar anatomical units of which the body and appendages of some animals are composed, such as the visible rings of an earthworm's body. 2 Geometry a part of a figure cut off by a line or plane intersecting it, in particular. the part of a circle enclosed between an arc and a chord. the part of a line included between two points. the part of a sphere cut off by any plane not passing through the center.
verb [with object]
divide (something) into separate parts or sections:the unemployed are segmented into two groups [no object] divide into separate parts or sections:the market is beginning to segment into a number of well-defined categories [no object] Embryology (of a cell) undergo cleavage; divide into many cells.


Love handles form when your body stores energy as fat above your hips. To get rid of them you will need to burn this fat by doing exercise that uses a lot of calories. When you have an excessive amount of fat anywhere on your body, exercising that particular area with sit ups, bicep curls or squats will not help. These exercises are used to build muscle and enhance definition while getting rid of love handles requires simply burning off the fat.
Burn Calories
Your main goal when trying to get rid of body fat stores such as the love handles is to burn as many calories as you can. Sit ups, crunches, and twists build muscle but they burn an insignificant amount of calories.
When trying to get rid of your love handles, you need to lower your body fat percentage. A calorie restricted diet combined with high intensity cardiovascular exercise (running, biking, swimming, tennis, basketball) will force your body to use its fat stores for energy.
Running or walking for even small distances will do a lot more than hundreds of sit ups or crunches if your body fat percentage is high: as is found in people who have love handles.
You will need to engage in some sort of cardio 3 – 5 times per week at 30 – 60 minutes per session in order to lose body fat. Remember that exercising more often and longer will yield quicker results.
After your cardio routine is on a solid foundation (meaning you're following it without skipping any days: 3-5 times per week) you need to start targeting your oblique and abdominal muscles to show definition.
You can do this at the gym on machines or at home with your own body weight (sit ups, crunches, leg lifts, twists). Doing hundreds of sit ups everyday is wasteful so do not go overboard.
Remember that the main rule to getting rid of love handles (which are stores of fat) is giving your body less calories than it burns by eating less and exercising more. If your body burns 2,000 calories every day and you only give it 1,500 calories of food, it will be forced to use body fat stores to get those extra 500 calories.
The Bottom Line
If your exercise routine is good but you go home to a bad diet, your results will be significantly delayed. The quickest way to get rid of love handles is through a combination of diet and exercise, not just one of the two.
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If you have information about this name, share it in the comments area below!
Numerology information Kratzenberg:
Name Number: 1 Meaning: Individual, Masculine, Logic, Self, Active, Leadership, Initiative, Assertive
Books about Kratzenberg:
Kratzenberg: Literatur in Nordhessen (German Edition) (1989)
Wiki information Kratzenberg:
Damian Kratzenberg was a highschool teacher who became head of the Volksdeutsche Bewegung, a pro-Nazi political group, in Luxembourg during World War II. He was executed after the war for collaboration with the Nazis. He was the son of the...
Volksdeutsche Bewegung was a Nazi movement in Luxembourg that flourished under German occupation during the Second World War. Formed by Damian Kratzenberg, a university professor with a German background, the movement only emerged after the invasion...


Ancient Connection Between Anunnaki and Ant People of Hopi
In case you didn't know already, the Hopi are a Native American Nation that lives on the 1.5 million-acre Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi usually refer to themselves as the Hopi or the Peaceful Ones.
For the longest time, the Hopiru's origins were all but a mystery, which is where Gary A. David comes in. He's spent the last 30 years of his life studying the Hopitu, releasing multiple books on them trying to explain this exact thing.
According to him, the Hopiru's genesis and survival must have had something to do with their legend of the mysterious Ant People.
This legend depicts two cataclysms which completely crippled the world as we know it. The First World was destroyed by fire, either volcanism, asteroid, or coronal mass ejection of the sun, while the Second World was destroyed by Ice.
The Hopi were completely destroyed and dying one by one, so the sky God came to their rescue. The sky God was known as Sotuknang and he took them to the Ant People who helped them by giving them shelter in Hopi and escorting them to safe subterranean caves.
Fun fact, according to the Hopi, ants have such thin waists because they used up all of their food to feed the Hopi instead of eating themselves.
But anyway, one of the theories that Gary A. David often refers to in his books imply that the Anunnaki and the Ant People are one and the same.
According to him, the term "Anu" means ants in Hopi, and "Naki" means friends, so Anunnaki might mean Ant Friends all along. If they are the same as the Sumerian Anunnaki then this would explain their genesis.
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Crystal ball
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the fortune telling object. For other uses, see Crystal ball (disambiguation).
For the guideline that Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, see WP:CRYSTALBALL.
The Crystal Ball by John William Waterhouse.
A crystal ball, also known as an orbuculum, is a crystal or glass ball and common fortune telling object.[a] It is generally associated with the performance of clairvoyance and scrying in particular.
The earliest use of a crystal ball can be first attributed to the Celtic Druids who divined the future and omens with beryl balls.[1]
In the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder describes use of crystal balls by soothsayers ("crystallum orbis", later written in Medieval Latin by scribes as orbuculum).[2] By the 5th century AD, scrying was widespread within the Roman Empire and was condemned by the early medieval Christian Church as heretical.[3]
Dr. John Dee was a noted British mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and consultant to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy, of which the use of crystal balls was often included.[4]
Art of scrying[edit]
Main articles: Scrying and Crystal gazing
Photograph of a quartz crystal ball of the type commonly used for divination or scrying
The art or process of "seeing" is known as "scrying", whereby images are claimed to be seen in crystals, or other media such as water, and are interpreted as meaningful information. The "information" gleaned then is used to make important decisions in one's life (i.e. love, marriage, finances, travel, business, etc.).[5]
When the technique of scrying is used with crystals, or any transparent body, it is known as crystallomancy or crystal gazing.
In stage magic[edit]
Crystal balls are popular props used in mentalism acts by stage magicians. Such routines, in which the performer answers audience questions by means of various ruses, are known as crystal gazing acts. One of the most famous performers of the 20th century, Claude Alexander, was often billed as "Alexander the Crystal Seer".
A transparent sphere of any material with refractive index greater than one brings parallel rays of light to a rough focus (that is, a focus with significant coma). For typical values of the refractive index, this focus is usually very near the surface of the sphere, on the side diametrically opposite to where the rays entered. If the refractive index is greater than 2, the focus is inside the sphere, so the brightest accessible point is on its surface directly opposite the source of light. However, few materials have that property. For most materials, the focus is slightly outside the sphere. The closer the refractive index is to 2, the closer the focus is to the surface of the sphere, and hence the brighter the spot formed on an object touching the sphere.
This effect is used in the Campbell–Stokes recorder to record the brightness of sunlight by burning the surface of a piece of cardboard placed near the sphere. The same effect can occur with a crystal ball that is brought into full sunlight; it may either burn a hand that is holding it, or even start a fire if it is resting on or very near dark-coloured flammable material.[6]
Famous crystal balls in history[edit]
A crystal ball lies in the Royal Sceptre of Scotland that is said to have been originally possessed by pagan druids.[1]
Philadelphia's University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology displays the third largest crystal ball[7] as the central object in its Chinese Rotunda. Weighing 55 pounds, the sphere is made of quartz crystal from Burma and was shaped through years of constant rotation in a semi-cylindrical container filled with emery, garnet powder, and water. The ornamental treasure was purportedly made for the Empress Dowager Cixi (_PHONE_) during the Qing dynasty in the 19th century, but no evidence as to its actual origins exists. In 1988, the crystal ball and an ancient Egyptian statuette,[8] which depicted the god Osiris were stolen from the Penn Museum, but were recovered three years later with no damage done to either object.[9]
The largest flawless quartz sphere is in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Sometimes further referred to as a shew stone (or show stone – "shew" is an archaic spelling of "show").
 1. ^ a b Sibyl Ferguson (30 June 2005). Crystal Ball: Stones, Amulets, And Talismans For Power, Protection, and Prophecy. Weiser Books. pp. 59–60, 29. ISBN 978-1-57863-348-7.
 2. ^ Pliny the Elder (1831). Caii Plinii Secundi Historiæ naturalis libri xxxvii, cum selectis comm. J. Harduini ac recentiorum interpretum novisque adnotationibus. p. 579. Retrieved 7 November 2015. (Latin)
 3. ^ a b "Crystal gazing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
 4. ^ John Dee's Crystal Ball
 5. ^ Chauran, Alexandra. Crystal Ball Reading for Beginners: A Down To Earth Guide. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications, 2011.
 6. ^ Associated Press (29 January 2004). "Crystal Ball Starts Fire at Okla. Home". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
 7. ^ "Crystal Sphere". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
 8. ^ "Statue". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
 9. ^ "Penn Museum Crystal Ball, Statue Stolen Guard Ignored Burglar Alarms". Retrieved 21 September 2014.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]


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How does nest determine outside temperature?
The temperature on your thermostat screen and app is rounded to the nearest 1F. When to turn on your system is determined by the unrounded temperature on your thermostat. Before your system turns on, the temperature on your thermostat or app could change by a few degrees.
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Pre - Test
This is the same pre-test that sent out when you first join the dragonpalm101 yahoogroup
Dragon Palm Circle
Wicca 101
This is not really a test, but answer every question as best you can. This will help us in teaching the class this year. Many of the questions have no right or wrong answers -
 1. What is a Witch
 2. What is Wicca
 3. How long have you been on this path?
 4. What do you expect to get out of Wicca 101.
 5. What books have you read.
 6. What percentage of your current knowledge of Wicca come from.
 1. Books
 2. Movies
 3. Internet
 4. Friends
 5. Another Wicca class
 6. Coven
 1. Who is Gerald Gardner
 2. What is a Book Of Shadows
 3. What is the difference between Magick and magic
 4. Who is Raymond Buckland?
 5. What is your main reason for taking Wicca 101
 6. Do you know how to cast circle
 7. In what direction to you start when you are casting circle
 8. What is the importance of the Year and a Day.
 9. What candles on an Alter represent the God and Goddess and why
 10. Give a list of all Craft tools that you know of and what they are used for.
 11. What is a Warlock
 12. Who is Silver RavenWolf
 13. What is a Coven
 14. What is an elder?


About The Author
Leonardo Losoviz is a freelance developer and writer, with an ongoing quest to integrate innovative paradigms (Serverless PHP, server-side components, GraphQL) … More about Leonardo ↬
Sending Emails Asynchronously Through AWS SES
 Sending many transactional emails at once, if not architected properly, could become a bottleneck for the application and degrade the user experience. Part of the problem is connecting to the SMTP server from within the application, synchronously. In this article we will explore how to send emails from outside the application, asynchronously, using a combination of AWS S3, Lambda, and SES.
 Most applications send emails to communicate with their users. Transactional emails are those triggered by the user's interaction with the application, such as when welcoming a new user after registering in the site, giving the user a link to reset the password, or attaching an invoice after the user does a purchase. All these previous cases will typically require sending only one email to the user. In some other cases though, the application needs to send many more emails, such as when a user posts new content on the site, and all her followers (which, in a platform like Twitter, may amount to millions of users) will receive a notification. In this latter situation, not architected properly, sending emails may become a bottleneck in the application.
 That is what happened in my case. I have a site that may need to send 20 emails after some user-triggered actions (such as user notifications to all her followers). Initially, it relied on sending the emails through a popular cloud-based SMTP provider (such as SendGrid, Mandrill, Mailjet and Mailgun), however the response back to the user would take seconds. Evidently, connecting to the SMTP server to send those 20 emails was slowing the process down significantly.
 After inspection, I found out the sources of the problem:
 1. Synchronous connection
 The application connects to the SMTP server and waits for an acknowledgment, synchronously, before continuing the execution of the process.
 2. High latency
 While my server is located in Singapore, the SMTP provider I was using has its servers located in the US, making the roundtrip connection take considerable time.
 3. No reusability of the SMTP connection
 When calling the function to send an email, the function sends the email immediately, creating a new SMTP connection on that moment (it doesn't offer to collect all emails and send them all together at the end of the request, under a single SMTP connection).
 Because of #1, the time the user must wait for the response is tied to the time it takes to send the emails. Because of #2, the time to send one email is relatively high. And because of #3, the time to send 20 emails is 20 times the time it takes to send one email. While sending only one email may not make the application terribly slower, sending 20 emails certainly does, affecting the user experience.
 Let's see how we can solve this issue.
 Paying Attention To The Nature Of Transactional Emails
 Before anything, we must notice that not all emails are equal in importance. We can broadly categorize emails into two groups: priority and non-priority emails. For instance, if the user forgot the password to access the account, she will expect the email with the password reset link immediately on her inbox; that is a priority email. In contrast, sending an email notifying that somebody we follow has posted new content does not need to arrive on the user's inbox immediately; that is a non-priority email.
 The solution must optimize how these two categories of emails are sent. Assuming that there will only be a few (maybe 1 or 2) priority emails to be sent during the process, and the bulk of the emails will be non-priority ones, then we design the solution as follows:
 - Priority emails can simply avoid the high latency issue by using an SMTP provider located in the same region where the application is deployed. In addition to good research, this involves integrating our application with the provider's API.
 - Non-priority emails can be sent asynchronously, and in batches where many emails are sent together. Implemented at the application level, it requires an appropriate technology stack.
 Let's define the technology stack to send emails asynchronously next.
 Defining The Technology Stack
 Note: I have decided to base my stack on AWS services because my website is already hosted on AWS EC2. Otherwise, I would have an overhead from moving data among several companies' networks. However, we can implement our soluting using other cloud service providers too.
 My first approach was to set-up a queue. Through a queue, I could have the application not send the emails anymore, but instead publish a message with the email content and metadata in a queue, and then have another process pick up the messages from the queue and send the emails.
 However, when checking the queue service from AWS, called SQS, I decided that it was not an appropriate solution, because:
 - It is rather complex to set-up;
 - A standard queue message can store only up top 256 kb of information, which may not be enough if the email has attachments (an invoice for instance). And even though it is possible to split a large message into smaller messages, the complexity grows even more.
 Then I realized that I could perfectly imitate the behavior of a queue through a combination of other AWS services, S3 and Lambda, which are much easier to set-up. S3, a cloud object storage solution to store and retrieve data, can act as the repository for uploading the messages, and Lambda, a computing service that runs code in response to events, can pick a message and execute an operation with it.
 In other words, we can set-up our email sending process like this:
 1. The application uploads a file with the email content + metadata to an S3 bucket.
 2. Whenever a new file is uploaded into the S3 bucket, S3 triggers an event containing the path to the new file.
 3. A Lambda function picks the event, reads the file, and sends the email.
 Finally, we have to decide how to send emails. We can either keep using the SMTP provider that we already have, having the Lambda function interact with their APIs, or use the AWS service for sending emails, called SES. Using SES has both benefits and drawbacks:
 - Very simple to use from within AWS Lambda (it just takes 2 lines of code).
 - It is cheaper: Lambda fees are computed based on the amount of time it takes to execute the function, so connecting to SES from within the AWS network will take a shorter time than connecting to an external server, making the function finish earlier and costing less. (Unless SES is not available in the same region where the application is hosted; in my case, because SES is not offered in the Asian Pacific (Singapore) region, where my EC2 server is located, then I might be better off connecting to some Asia-based external SMTP provider).
 - Not many stats for monitoring our sent emails are provided, and adding more powerful ones requires extra effort (eg: tracking what percentage of emails were opened, or what links were clicked, must be set-up through AWS CloudWatch).
 - If we keep using the SMTP provider for sending the priority emails, then we won't have our stats all together in 1 place.
 For simplicity, in the code below we will be using SES.
 We have then defined the logic of the process and stack as follows: The application sends priority emails as usual, but for non-priority ones, it uploads a file with email content and metadata to S3; this file is asynchronously processed by a Lambda function, which connects to SES to send the email.
 Let's start implementing the solution.
 Differentiating Between Priority And Non-Priority Emails
 In short, this all depends on the application, so we need to decide on an email by email basis. I will describe a solution I implemented for WordPress, which requires some hacks around the constraints from function wp_mail. For other platforms, the strategy below will work too, but quite possibly there will be better strategies, which do not require hacks to work.
 The way to send an email in WordPress is by calling function wp_mail, and we don't want to change that (eg: by calling either function wp_mail_synchronous or wp_mail_asynchronous), so our implementation of wp_mail will need to handle both synchronous and asynchronous cases, and will need to know to which group the email belongs. Unluckily, wp_mail doesn't offer any extra parameter from which we could asses this information, as it can be seen from its signature:
 Then, in order to find out the category of the email we add a hacky solution: by default, we make an email belong to the priority group, and if $to contains a particular email (eg: _EMAIL_), or if $subject starts with a special string (eg: "[Non-priority!]"), then it belongs to the non-priority group (and we remove the corresponding email or string from the subject). wp_mail is a pluggable function, so we can override it simply by implementing a new function with the same signature on our functions.php file. Initially, it contains the same code of the original wp_mail function, located in file wp-includes/pluggable.php, to extract all parameters:
 if (!function_exists( 'wp_mail' ) ) :
 $atts = apply_filters( 'wp_mail', compact( 'to','subject','message', 'headers', 'attachments' ) );


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Naturally occurring, relatively safe, and effective in fighting bacteria, lactic acid has a wide range of applications in a number of industries, from food to pharmaceuticals to chemical. Because of its versatility, the market for lactic acid is continually growing and more manufacturers are producing it.
It's that versatility and the ability to inhibit the spread of pathogens that's created an explosion in demand for lactic acid for a new application: to combat COVID-19. Lactic acid offers a safer alternative to peracetic acid as a disinfectant, as it is less irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system, according to the EPA.
However, lactic acid is not only being used as a cleaning chemical and disinfectant, many manufacturers are also using it in the production of environmentally kinder plastics. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global consumption of plastic has skyrocketed, creating sustainability concerns around plastic ending up in landfills. These concerns, coupled with existing sustainability initiatives, have led manufacturers to utilize polylactic acid in the production of plastics to help create biodegradable solutions for hand sanitizer bottles, handwipes packaging, and other widely produced items as a result of the pandemic.
So, what does this mean for beef processors? As industries globally consume more lactic acid than ever before, we can expect prices to increase—and beef processors using high concentrations of lactic acid in their processes will feel part of the burden because of that increase.
Getting ahead of the trend
While lactic acid offers a very effective solution for beef processors in treating beef carcasses to kill pathogens, it does have some disadvantages. Previously used at concentrations between 2 and 5 percent to treat beef, lactic acid is approved for use at concentrations up to 10 percent for some processes. A higher concentration of lactic acid may do more to ensure food safety; however, as the concentration increases, so does the risk for altering the surface texture, color, and flavor of the beef, as too much lactic acid can break down the tissues and cause the beef to brown.
Heavier concentrations of lactic acid can also have negative effects on beef processing plants and their equipment. Although it's a naturally occurring compound, it can still erode rails, concrete, walls and other substructures. The use of higher concentrations may also increase wastewater treatment costs and accelerate the deterioration of pipes and wastewater systems.
Fortunately, beef processors can harness the benefits of lactic acid while avoiding some of the potential downfalls by using an intervention chemistry that blends lactic acid with other ingredients, such as citric acid. The right blend of these acids can provide equal, if not greater, efficacy against pathogens at a lower total concentration of acid, offering a number of benefits: cost savings, sustainability gains, and a lower risk of altering the final product.
Beefxide by Birko, for example, is a recently patented product for use in meat and poultry processing for reducing or eliminating Salmonella and E. coli. Beefxide is a blend of lactic and citric acid that is proven to be more effective at lower concentrations than lactic acid alone without altering the flavor or color of the product.
With the lactic acid market continuing to tighten, beef processors can stay ahead of the trend by pursuing products that successfully neutralize pathogens at lower concentrations and by actively monitoring changes in the market.


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Process networks in CHP do not have to be static. In fact, some of the more interesting examples are dynamic. To illustrate a dynamic process pipeline I will use the example task of generating prime numbers.
One way to find prime numbers is as follows. Start with an empty list of primes, and the integer 2. Check if the integer is divisible by any of the numbers in the list of primes. If yes, discard it. If no, add it to the list. Then try the next integer (i.e. add one), and continue indefinitely. A very simple, if inefficient algorithm. (This is not the Sieve of Eratosthenes — see this paper.)
Let's see how we can turn this algorithm into a CHP program. Every time we find a prime, we want to add it to our list of numbers to filter out in future. We can implement this list as a concurrent process pipeline — each process in the pipeline will be responsible for filtering out numbers divisible by a single prime. Such a process is quite straightforward:
filterDiv :: Integer -> Chanin Integer -> Chanout Integer -> CHP () filterDiv n input output = forever $ do x <- readChannel input when (x 'mod' n /= 0) $ writeChannel output x
Every time we find a prime, we need to add a new filterDiv process on to the end of our pipeline. This may sound difficult, but can be easily expressed with some concurrent recursion:
end :: Chanin Integer -> Chanout Integer -> CHP () end input output = do x <- readChannel input writeChannel output x (filterDiv x |->| end) input output
This process sits at the end of our pipeline and reads in a single value. Since our pipeline is filtering out all non-primes, any number that this "end" process receives must be prime. In response to receiving a prime, it sends it on (to whatever process is waiting beyond the prime pipeline to receive the primes). It then becomes the parallel composition of a new filterDiv process, connected to a new end process (the |->| operator expresses this composition). Thus every time a new prime comes out of the end of the pipeline, the pipeline grows by one more process. After the 100th prime, the pipeline will consist of 100 filterDiv processes executing concurrently, and one "end" process.
To complete our pipeline, we need a process at the beginning of the pipeline, supplying an ever-increasing stream of numbers on its output channel, starting at 2:
genStream :: Chanout Integer -> CHP () genStream output = mapM_ (writeChannel output) [2..]
We can now write a primes process that generates a list of prime numbers. Using another helpful operator from the CHP library, this is easy:
primes :: Chanout Integer -> CHP () primes = genStream ->| end
Observe that there is no mention of filterDiv. The pipeline starts out with the stream generator and an end process. All the filterDiv processes are added once the primes start coming out of the pipeline, beginning with 2, as shown in the diagram below:
Note also that the interface of primes is simply Chanout Integer -> CHP (); all the internal details of the expanding concurrent pipeline are hidden from the outside, leaving only an opaque box:
To make a complete program, we can compose this in parallel with a process responsible for printing the primes:
main :: IO () main = runCHP_ $ do c <- oneToOneChannel primes (writer c) <||> (forever $ readChannel (reader c) >>= (liftIO. putStrLn. show))
The expanding pipeline is not restricted to conceptual examples such as generating the primes, and the powerful idea of a process becoming the parallel composition of sub-processes is not restricted to pipelines — two things that I hope to explore in future.
A common feature of many Computer Science courses is the issue of sorting: you may recall the bubble sort, the insertion sort, the merge sort and the quick sort. You may also know their time complexity — bubble sort is O(N^2), meaning the time it takes is proportional to the square of the number of items involved. In contrast, quick sort can reach O(N*log N) in some cases, which — crucially — is better. These are all sequential algorithms though — what happens when we want to make a concurrent algorithm?
There is a parallel version of quicksort, where as you divide and conquer your list, you fork off the two divisions into separate threads, and there are probably other pure parallel sorting strategies too. With CHP we can approach the problem differently, using a concurrent sort pump. I want to explain the sort pump because I like its design, not because it is blazingly fast. We'll begin with a simple component process:
highest :: Ord a => Chanin a -> Chanout a -> CHP () highest input output = readChannel input >>= highest' where highest' x = do y <- readChannel input let (low, high) = if x < y then (x, y) else (y, x) writeChannel output low highest' high
This process starts by reading in a value to hold. Then it repeatedly reads in a new value, keeping the highest one and sending on the lowest one. So if you feed it a stream of values, it will keep hold of the highest value it has seen, and will pass on all lower values. Now let's consider what happens if you connect two of these processes together. The first process will keep the highest value, sending on all others. The second process will keep the highest value of these others — i.e. the second highest value of all of them. Connect three together, and the third will hold the third highest value. Connect N of these together, pass in N values, and the Mth process will hold the Mth highest value. Voila, a sort pump!
There is a problem with our sort pump though — it sorts the values, but we have no way of getting the result out! So we need to augment our component to permit the "flushing" of the pump:
data FlushOrNormal a = Flush [a] | Normal a highestFlush :: Ord a => Chanin (FlushOrNormal a) -> Chanout (FlushOrNormal a) -> CHP () highestFlush input output = empty where empty = do x <- readChannel input case x of Flush _ -> writeChannel output x >> empty Normal y -> full y full cur = do x <- readChannel input case x of Flush xs -> writeChannel output (Flush (cur:xs)) >> empty Normal new -> let (low, high) = if cur < new then (cur, new) else (new, cur) in writeChannel output (Normal low) >> full high
If the component receives a flush signal, it will prepend its currently held value to the list and send on the flush message. Because the first process has the highest value, and all processes prepend, the list ends up in ascending order. If a normal (non-flush) value is received, the component behaves as before. We can then wrap a pipeline of these processes in a tidy process that takes in a list of items, sorts them and sends them out again:
sorterFixedCapacity :: Ord a => Int -> Chanin [a] -> Chanout [a] -> CHP () sorterFixedCapacity n input output = do pumpIn <- oneToOneChannel pumpOut <- oneToOneChannel pipeline (replicate n highestFlush) (reader pumpIn) (writer pumpOut) <|*|> (forever $ do xs <- readChannel input mapM_ (writeChannel (writer pumpIn). Normal) xs writeChannel (writer pumpIn) $ Flush Flush xs' <- readChannel (reader pumpOut) writeChannel output xs')
This sort pump is fixed capacity — if you send the above process a list that is longer than its stated capacity, it won't work correctly. I will not go into the solutions in detail here, but there are are several — we could set-up and tear-down the list of processes each time if we wished, and we could also make the pump automatically expand.
Finally, let's think about the sort pump's time complexity. Each value will pass through half the pipeline on average (not counting the flush), so N/2 communications per item. This happens to N items, so N*N/2 communications (plus N for the flush, but that falls away) [Correction: this should be N*(N+1)/2 — see the comments below]. Each component will see on average N/2 items, and will thus perform N/2 comparisons, so N*N/2 comparisons [Correction: actually, this should be N*(N-1)/2, I think — see the comments]. Our time complexity is therefore O(N^2) overall, but importantly if you had N processors (and very fast communications), each process would run O(N) operations in parallel, and thus you would have an O(N) sorting algorithm. Although, as the corrections indicate, some of this can be a bit harder to calculate than it first appears!
While our theoretical bound is good, in practice the sort pump is only going to stand a chance of good performance if you have very few items that are very expensive to compare (so that the computation — i.e. the comparisons — outweigh the communications). The sort pump is really a concurrent version of the bubble sort, and shares many of its attributes: small, built on simple principles — but slow.


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Hey, even some pups appreciate the life of the vegan! Natural Balance Vegetarian Formula Dry Dog Food is a safe, healthy way to feed your furry friend an all-natural, completely vegan diet. It contains no dairy products or products derived from meat or dairy sources. Instead, it combines non-meat proteins with nutrient-rich ingredients to ensure your dog gets all of the nourishment she needs in a vegetarian formula.
- Brown Rice has increased levels of B Vitamins and is an excellent source of carbohydrates
- Oatmeal is a rich source of fiber, thiamin, and vitamin E
- Potato protein helps build muscles
- L-Carnitine helps metabolize fat


Call Break Card Game Rules | How To Play Call Break Card Game
how to play call break card game rules
In this step-by-step call break rules for solo, online, and multiplayer, we will teach you how to play call break like a pro!
At first glance, Call Break looks like a complicated card game with many rules. But, I assure you, it is a piece of cake.
When you understand the basic rules, all you need to do is practice. You can practice by playing solo or online. So, download our free call break card game for android now or play it online on your browser.
Like other card games, if you want to become a pro player, you might need to remember cards and learn to trick opponents. You will learn this skill with experience. So, before you start playing with your friends, we recommend you to practice the rules in offline single-player mode.
With our app, you will become habituated to the rules in no time. Then, you can play the multiplayer mode.
Before we jump into the rules of the call break game, let me warn you. Callbreak has interesting gameplay, so can be very addicting.
Important Call Break Card Game Rules
These are the main callbreak rules that you should remember.
 1. Spade is the trump suit of the game.
 2. A spade card will defeat any card of other suits– no matter the rank. For example, 2 of Spade has more power than Ace of any other suit.
 3. The game is played in 5 rounds. The players take turns to deal the card. Usually, each player picks a random card from the deck to decide the first dealer. The one who gets the lowest card should shuffle and deal the first round in clockwise direction.
 4. The player sitting left to the dealer should make the first call. However, in some parts of Nepal, the game is played counter clockwise direction. So, the player right to the dealer starts the game.
 5. The dealer makes the last call.
 6. A set is completed when each player throws one card each. The player with highest card wins the set. The winning player collects the cards in each set. The total number of cards is counted at the end of the round to determine the points. Usually, the game is won after 5 rounds. Players can also decide the number of rounds with mutual understanding.
 7. When a player throws a card, the other player must throw a higher card of the same suit. If they don't have a higher value card of the same suit, they are free to throw any card of the same suit.
 8. When a player doesn't have any card of the suit being played, he must throw a spade card. If he doesn't have any spade card, he can then throw any card of his choice.
 9. A round should be re-dealt in the following cases: a) If one of the players doesn't get any spade suit (trump) card. b) If one of the players doesn't get any face card (J, Q, K, A) of any suit. c) The sum of the individual calls (bet) is less than 8.
Why Is The Game Called Call Break?
Call break is a game of collecting the highest amount of points in the defined number of rounds.
Since players receive negative points if they fail to reach their called bet, trying to break opponents' Call is one of the winning strategies of this game.
If someone gets negative points, it's very hard to recover. So, in a game, other players often use tricks to break the call of the leading player.
The game is called Call Break because of this strategy. The negative marking feature of the game appeals even to experienced players.
How To Play Call Break Card Game– Game Play, Game Economics, and Objectives
Call break is a 52-cards game. It is played among four players. Each player gets 13 cards each, in each round. It is a turn-based game. In Nepal and some parts of India, the game is played in an anti-clockwise direction. However, these days, the game is also played in the clockwise direction similar to other card games. It is also called call bridge in some part of India.Our call break app uses a clockwise turn.
The game starts when a dealer distributes the cards turn-by-turn to every player. The player with highest points wins the game.
TRUMP CARD: Spade suit is the trump card in every call break game.
Total Time Needed :
Total Cost:
Required Tools:
– A Computer or an Android phone
Things Needed?
– Our call break Android app or our online game.
– 30 minute of your time
How to play callbreak game step-by-step:
select dealer callbreak
1. Selecting Dealer in Call Break
The first dealer is usually selected by picking a card from the deck. Each player picks one card, and the player with the lowest value card deals the first round. The first dealer can also be selected by flipping a coin or randomly.
The player sitting left to the dealer has to deal the card in the next round. Each player takes turns to deal the cards.
The dealer has to deal the card one at a time to each player until everyone receives 13 to change this text.
call points call break
2. Call and Card Confirmation
When all the cards are dealt, the player sitting left of the dealer starts the call. Call is the possible number of hands one can win in a round. Players should hide the cards from each other because call break is a game of tricks and deceits.
All 4 players strategically call the number of sets they think they can win in the round. The minimum amount of calls is 1. So, no matter what kind of card you get, you must at least call 1 point.
Remember, if you bet (call) higher, there is the risk of negative points.
After everyone makes their bet, the sum of the call is calculated. If the total call is less than 8, the cards are re-dealt.
Also, if someone didn't receive a Face card (J, Q, K, A) of any suit, they can ask the dealer to redistribute the cards. The cards are also redistributed if any one of the players doesn't get a spade card of any rank.
call break game play
3. The Game Play
The first card is thrown by the player sitting next to the dealer. If you are playing in Nepal or some part of India, the first bet is made by the player sitting counter clockwise to the dealer. In other places and in call break apps or online call break games, the game is started from the left-hand side of the dealer.
The first person can play card of his choice. The following players then should place the same suit card of higher value than the lead card. For example, if the first player throws '9' of Hearts, the next player should throw '10' or higher card of Hearts, and the third player should also throw a higher card of the Hearts, and so on. If the subsequent player doesn't have a higher card, he can throw any card. But, the card should be of the same suit.
However, if any player doesn't have the suit being played, he can throw a spade card. The spade card triumphs over any cards of other suits. Furthermore, if the players don't have a trump suit as well, they can throw any card of their choice.
When a trick is won, the player who wins the set starts the next bet by throwing a card of his choice.
The game set continues until all 13 cards are played. When all cards are played, it is called a round. The points are then calculated. We will talk about the points in the game economics
Callbreak card games are usually played for 5 rounds.
game play callbreak
4. Objective of Call Break Card Game
The main objective of each player is to get the most points at the end of 5 rounds. The players should always try to win the exact number or higher number of sets as per the Call at the start of the round.
For example, if a player called 3 on the round, he should win at least 3 sets. Otherwise, he will get a score of '-3'.
game economics
5. Game Economics – Evaluation Of Points
When all the 13 cards are played, one round is completed. Points are calculated at the end of each round. The points are evaluated based on the number of calls they make at the start of the round.
Points are equivalent to the calls. If a player wins a lower number of sets than the Call, he gets negative points equivalent to the Call. If someone scores more sets than their call, they get extra 0.1 points for each extra set they win.
For example, if player A calls 3 and wins 3 sets, he gets 3 points. If player B calls 4 and wins 6 sets, he will get 4.2 points (4+0.1+0.1). If player C calls 4 as well but wins only 2 sets, he will get -4 points.
When a round is complete, the points are evaluated and allocated to the players. Whoever gets the highest points at the end of the game, wins the game. The game can be 5 rounds long, or as long as the players want.
Many online callbreak


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The history of a school is the story of a community and of the social issues that shape education. The creation of the New York City public high school system was the culmination of the major educational reform movement in the United States in the 19th century. "Morris High School and the Creation of the New York City Public High School System" is the first comprehensive history on the subject. Here is an engaging portrait of the city of Greater New York at a crucial turning point in the development of America's growing urban society. This unique work combines gripping narrative and descriptive detail, with scholarly probing research, and includes interviews with former students and faculty. Artistically designed, profusely illustrated with charming rare photos, reference tables, end notes, bibliography, and index. The reform movement reached it's peak, in 1897, with the opening of The Bronx's Centerpiece of public education, Morris High School.
- Item #: MHS


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How to select a DC Block
A DC Block is a coaxial component that prevents the flow of DC current into the RF Signal path, thereby minimizing interference. The key specifications to look for when looking for an rf or microwave dc block are:
Type: There are three main types:
Inner DC Blocks: Inner dc blocks have a capacitor in series with the center conductor.
Outer DC Block: Outer dc blocks have a capacitor in series with the outer conductor.
Inner/Outer DC Block: Inner-Outer dc blocks have a capacitor in series with both the inner and outer dc block.
Connector: RF DC blocks are available in a number of connector options – sma dc blocks, bnc dc blocks etc. There are also options available where the input and the output connecters are different.
Impedance: The impedance of the dc block is matched to the circuit impedance to prevent any reflections. 50 Ohms and 75 Ohms are the two most common options.
Frequency (MHz): The frequency up to which the DC Block can effectively block out the DC signal from the RF Signal path.
Power Rating (W): This is the level of power that the dc block can handle.
Breakdown Voltage (V): This is the voltage beyond which the dc block ceases to operate.
everything RF lets you search for both commercial and military RF Microwave DC Blocks by specification. You no longer need to look through individual supplier websites or catalogs to find the DC Block that meets your requirements. everything RF simplifies the process for you.


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Men with short ring fingers may a better chance of surviving prostate cancer, according to a new study.
The latest findings show that cancer victims responded better to an anti-tumor drug if their ring finger was shorter than their index finger.
Scientists explain that previous findings show that men with short ring fingers are thought to have lower levels of the hormone testosterone, which is known to help prostate tumors grow.
Korean medical researchers tested the theory on 142 participants aged 40 and younger and found that men with short ring fingers responded better to dutasteride, a drug that combats cancer by blocking the effects of testosterone on the prostate.
Previous research has also linked finger length to the risks of conditions like heart disease, osteoarthritis, depression and Motor Neuron Disease.
Experts say that the difference in length between the two fingers is determined by the amount of testosterone a baby is exposed to while it is still in the womb, and researchers believe that the difference in finger length can have a significant effect on health later in life.
While men generally have longer ring fingers, women tend to have ring and index fingers that are similar in length. However, the length between the two fingers varies from one person to another.
Over 214,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year in the U.S. and nearly 28,000 men die from it.
The risk for prostate cancer increase with age and although it is rarely found in men younger than 40, it is the most common cause of death from cancer in men over the age of 75.
A common problem in almost all men as they age is an enlarged prostate called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, and while it is not known to raise the risk of prostate cancer it can increase PSA levels, a measure used to screen men for prostate cancer. BPH is a condition that is prevalent in men over the age of 50 where the prostate grows and blocks the flow of urine.
However the latest findings from Seoul National University in South Korea suggest that healthcare providers might soon be able to predict who will respond best to treatment by measuring men's ring and index fingers.
While the men in the latest study, published in the British Journal of Urology, did not have cancer, they did have enlarged prostates or BPH.
Doctors have for many years prescribed dutasteride to treat BPH and prostate cancer, and participants in the study took the drug every day for half a year.
Results from the study showed that there was a significantly larger reduction in men with short ring fingers after the six-month treatment compared to men with long ring fingers.
"These results suggest finger length might predict the response to dutasteride treatment," study authors concluded.
Published by Medicaldaily.com


- An Exhibition by Katheryn Leopoldseder
Drawing Out the Gold
You are invited to an immersive exhibition by Katheryn Leopoldseder
Within a hallowed sepulchre, accompanied by sound and earthy smell, lies an exquisite Crown of Golden Alfalfa.
Drawing Out the Gold looks beyond the harsh means by which the artist's materials are mined and pays homage to scientific innovations that instead offer us an alternative; a collaboration with the ingenuity of the natural world.
Witnessing the decimation of his childhood land through industrial gold mining, nano-scientist Jorge Gardea-Torresdey discovered that Alfalfa can mine alluvial gold through phytoremediation; drawing precious metal from the soil into its roots, stems and leaves.
The Crown adorns the head, symbolising a shift in thinking. Its flat underside encircles the head like a halo. A historic reference to haloes depicted in religious art. Symbolising illuminated wisdom and bestowed authority.
To wear the Crown, materialises the potential of a collaboration between nature and humanity; into a signifier of royal identity; as people capable of positive stewardship of the earth.
Opening: Saturday 7th September, 1-3pm
The Crypt. Good Shepherd Chapel
St Heliers St, Abbotsford
7th-15 September 2019, 10am-3pm
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One of PS3′s original memory weaknesses was its large Operating System memory footprint, but it has once again been slashed. The console originally had an OS footprint of around 120MB's spread accross both the XDR and DDR Ram, which was soon reduced to 96MB (64MB on XDR and 32MB on DDR).
Compared to the Xbox 360′s total 32MBs used for its OS, the PS3′s was incredibly bloated. And lets face it, PS3 developers needed as much as memory as they could get. However, according to Sony's latest documents, the PS3 is now only using 50MBs for its OS, despite the addition of many new features, such as the in-game XMB. 7MBs of local memory is used, alongside 43MBs main memory.
So how have they been able to reduce the memoy usage while also adding features? The answer is actually in that very question. Unlike Microsoft, who knew what features they were going to use their memory for, Sony was still in the deveopment stages when they launched the PS3. Therefore, they reserved a big bunch of memory for future features development – once they locked these down they were able to continuously give memoy back to developers, while also refining each new feature's memory usage.
If Sony had discovered a feature that they wanted to implement later in the game, but found that it would use far too much memory, they would be unable to increase the OS memory, since it would mess up many a video game that was using this memory.
Sony may have also cut down memory usage by making a number of features optional, such as in-game music, which they may have removed from the default OS memory footprint.


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The books in AksharBharati, given to the schools and communities are divided in three categories.
In this category books are defined for the childrens ranging from age group 6th to 12th
Books in secondary level are defined for the childrens from age group 13th to 18th
Books on English language are kept for all the categories
These booksets are further grouped into a library. Each library contains 800 – 1000 new books.
Books are selected by volunteers, teachers, specialized NGOs and feedback from existing libraries.
We select books based on children's best interests and learning. There are multiple types of books made available to childrens in schools and communities. These types are mainly for language learning, picture books, moral stories, storybooks, novels, books on science, sports, history, art, competitive exams, biographies, etc. These Book set are redesigned every 6 months.


10 Interesting Mao Zedong Facts
Thursday, July 3rd 2014. | People
Mao Zedong Facts give the facts about the history of China. He was one of the famous Chinese leaders. People often call him as Chairman Mao. He was famous the founding father of the Republic of China. Look at the detail facts about Mao Zedong by reading the following post below:
Mao Zedong Facts 1: life span
Let's talk about the life span of Mao Zedong. He was born on 26 December 1893. He passed away on 9 September 1976.
Mao Zedong Facts 2: fame
Mao Zedong was famous as the founding father of Republic of China. He was a Chinese Communist revolutionary. The Communist party of China was founded by Mao Zedong in 1949. He became the chairman since its first establishment until he passed away in 1976. Check more facts on China here.
Mao Zedong China
Mao Zedong China
Mao Zedong Facts 3: early life
Mao Zedong was the son of a rich farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan. In the beginning of his life, his way of thinking was affected by a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist. The events of May Fourth Movement in 1919 and 1911 affected his way of thinking a lot.
Mao Zedong Facts 4: Maoism
Maoism is the collection on Mao Zedong thought. When you learn about Maoism, you can find out Mao Zedong's Marxist Leninist political policies, military strategies and theories.
Mao Zedong Facts
Mao Zedong Facts
Mao Zedong Facts 5: Marxism-Leninism
The idea of Chinese nationalist and anti imperialist vanished when he converted his way of thinking into Marxism-Leninism. He changed the idea when he was at Peking University. In 1927, he became the leader in Autumn Harvest Uprising. He was the founding member of CPC or Communist Party of China.
Mao Zedong Facts 6: Red Army
When he was in CPC, he helped the establishment of Red Army to fight against Kuomintang/ KMT. The civil war occurred between CPC and KTM.
Mao Zedong Image
Mao Zedong Image
Mao Zedong Facts 7: ally
Even though CPC and KTM had a fight in the civil war, both temporarily allied in 1937 to 1945 because of the Second Sino Japanese war. After the war was over, Mao defeated KTM which went to Taiwan in 1949.
Mao Zedong Facts 8: People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China was proclaimed by Mao Zedong on 1 October 1949. CPC was the only party which controlled the state.
Mao Zedong Pic
Mao Zedong Pic
Mao Zedong Facts 9: Great Leap Forward
Great Leap Forward was a campaign that Mao Zedong had in 1957. The main point of this campaign was to transform the agrarian economy of Chinese people into the industrial ones.
Mao Zedong Facts 10: Richard Nixon
The American president Richard Nixon was greeted by Mao Zedong in 1972. He was in Beijing for a visit.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Even though Mao Zedong is still considered as a controversial leader, there were some accomplishments that he had made such as increasing the Chinese life expectancy, modernizing China, giving modern housing and providing health care. Do you have any opinion on facts about Mao Zedong?
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Starting Any Method in a New Thread Using.NET
The main problem I encountered was creating a function to accept any function pointer along with an unknown number of arguments. I got around this problem using the ThreadStart and delegate() features in C# (.NET 3.5). First off create your method to take any method as so:
public static Thread StartMethodInNewThread(ThreadStart methodToStart)
 // Do common some stuff before starting the thread, such as logging.
 // Start the task in a new thread
 Thread t = new Thread(methodToStart);
 // Do some stuff after starting the thread, such as more logging.
 // If the caller cares you can return the thread.
 return t;
Now anywhere in your code where you need to start a new method in a thread write the following:
// Example of starting an instantiated object method in
// a new thread.
FooBar fb = new FooBar();
ThreadStart ts = new ThreadStart(delegate() { fb.Foo(1, 2); });
_fooThread = ThreadHelper.StartMethodInNewThread(ts);
// Example of a static method.
ThreadStart ts = new ThreadStart(delegate() { FooBar.Bar(3, "String D"); });
_barThread = ThreadHelper.StartMethodInNewThread(ts);
The secret is the ThreadStart, delegate, and Anonymous Methods features. The ThreadStart object accepts any delegate. The delegate along with Anonymous Methods allows you create a code block that contains just the one method, along with arguments, that you want to execute.
The caller is responsible for creating the ThreadStart object with the method, along with it's arguments, to run in a separate thread along with it's arguments. Once wrapped in the ThreadStart object it can be safely passed to the thread starting method. The thread starting method can do any common actions before and after starting the thread.
You can find a working example at:
Look in the StartAnyMethodInNewThread folder.
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Time Delays in Healthcare License Reporting to State Licensing Boards
Time Delays in Healthcare License Reporting to State Licensing Boards
The differences in reporting between the states:
Ideally, each state would release the disciplinary actions every month so healthcare organizations can then find the database or minutes and pull the information on the sanctioned individuals. But this is not always the case. In general, the majority of state's disciplinary boards release their minutes to the license board each month; however, in certain cases, it takes weeks, or even months, to type up and publish the actual documents. There are also plenty of states that do not update their lists on a monthly basis. Some release the minutes every quarter or even once every three months and some even take another month to get it up on the website.
To make things even more challenging, each state varies in how it releases the minutes. For example, Montana releases the minutes of the entire meeting, not just the names of the disciplined individuals, in audio files. And that takes up an unnecessary amount of time, as well a converting the audio to text.
These delays in releasing the minutes can make organizations 4-5 months behind in finding sanctioned employees. And by then, the facility could be racking up fines for employing a sanctioned individual who billed Medicare or Medicaid.
Common law legal implications:
Even though healthcare organizations are not required by federal law to verify licenses every month, they still need to know which of their employees have sanctions/disciplinary actions against them. Most states have legislation requiring that certain providers in healthcare verticals (long-term care, hospitals, dialysis, dental practices) check the status of an applicant's license upon pre-hire. Further, common law negligent hiring and retention cases demonstrate why the monitoring of licenses beyond a pre-hire background check (during employment) is best practice.
Who is liable for unlicensed care?
Both the employer who should have known and the licensed practitioner who practiced without a license. The actual licensed individual will receive the initial consequences from the license board because it is his/her license that is affected. Civil and possible criminal penalties can apply, depending on the actions and the authority of the Board. But, there is also a liability to the employer/facility for said fines.
The employer/facility can face separate penalties as well as the repercussion of a possible False Claims case. The Medicare or Medicaid payments billed by the sanctioned and/or unlicensed individual is money the organization needs to pay back as a false claim. The action centers on the fraudulent submission of a claim while unlicensed. This can turn into a serious financial hardship for an employer as care has been provided but will not be reimbursed by federal healthcare dollars.
So, yes, practicing without a healthcare license and then billing the government for reimbursement of federal healthcare dollars (Medicare, Medicaid, CHIPS, TriCare) is and can be pursued as fraud.
The evolution of an exclusion: (Did You Know?)
According to the OIG, 48 percent of OIG exclusions are a result of an action that stemmed from the loss of a license. A loss of a healthcare license or a sanction does not necessarily always lead to an OIG exclusion and vice versa. An individual can be excluded but still have an active license. The best way to visualize this is in a Venn diagram with licenses in the middle between sanctions and exclusions. Sanctions, license restrictions and exclusions are all related but separate.
A healthcare license is a privilege, not a right. It can be revoked, suspended, restricted or valid.
The license holder (practitioner) can be sanctioned as a result of actions/inactions while a license holder. Such disciplinary actions can lead to a license status change and, if applicable, even lead to an exclusion by a state Medicaid Agency and/or the OIG.
This is the last blog in our three-part blog series covering healthcare licenses. Read the other blogs here:
1. Primary source license verification: what, where & when
2. Three nuances in the license verification process
4. Healthcare license fraud is a realty – here's how to avoid it
Michael Rosen, Esq.
Written by Michael Rosen, ESQ
ProviderTrust Co-Founder, _EMAIL_
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Died This Day: Edward Drinker Cope
July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897
"What truly assured Cope's (above right) place in the history of paleontology and even eclipsed his science was his bitter feud with Yale University paleontologist O.C. Marsh (above left). What began as a friendly rivalry in the late 1860s, broke out into all out war in 1872 and then raged on until Cope's death in 1897. Both Cope and Marsh were recipients of family fortunes and they used their wealth to discover new fossils and to reconstruct ancient life. This scramble literally propelled American science into the forefront of paleontology."Read about Cope HERE.


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Prevalence and Impact of Late Defecation in the Critically Ill, Thermally Injured Adult Patient
ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
Pagination or Media Count:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late defecation absence of laxation for more than 6 days after admission as an indicator of lower-gastrointestinal GI tract dysfunction in burn patients. In addition, the authors wanted to determine whether the addition of polyethylene glycol 3350 to the standard bowel regimen led to improvement in markers of lower-GI function and outcomes. The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit during a 26-month period. Inclusion criteria were 20 or more TBSA burn, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and age over 18 years. Of 83 patients included, the prevalence of late defecation was 36.1 n 30. There was no association between late defecation and mortality. Patients with late defecation had more frequent episodes of constipation after first defecation P.03, of feeding intolerance P.007, and received total parenteral nutrition more frequently P.005. The addition of polyethylene glycol to the standard bowel regimen did not affect markers of lower-GI function. Late defecation occurs in more than one third of critically ill burn patients. Late defecation was associated with ongoing lower-GI dysfunction, feeding intolerance, and the use of total parenteral nutrition. The causal relationship between these problems has not been determined. A prospective study at the authors institution is currently planned to attempt to validate late defecation as a marker of lower-GI tract dysfunction, determine its relationship to various outcomes, and determine risk factors for its development.
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Medicine and Medical Research
- Organic Chemistry


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Together with Prof. Dr. Falk Uebernickel and Thomas Haskamp, VISENSE published an article on the value of Design Thinking for industrial manufacturing on The Future Factory Blog.
Read about how VISENSE was created and how we bring value to our co-development partner BMW Group:
The value of Design Thinking in solving complex problems for industrial manufacturing
Image Credit: BMW Group
Design Thinking as an approach for wicked problem solving and the development of innovative ideas is spreading in organizations throughout the world. What is it about, how does it work, and what are the potential benefits of applying Design Thinking? Showcasing VISENSE, an industrial error monitoring start-up that emerged out of applying Design Thinking in an innovation project with the BMW Group can help you to understand how you can leverage the methodology for your company.
Design Thinking - Prototyping user-centered solutions Deeply rooted in silicon valley, Tim Brown, CEO of IDEO, and Professor Larry Leifer, Director of the Center for Design Research at Stanford University, have coined the development of a problem-solving methodology that can help firms to develop breakthrough innovations. This is done by developing a deep understanding of the problem domain which serves as the foundation to develop a user-centered solution by iterative prototyping. But what is it actually about?
Design Thinking can be understood as a set of tools, a process, and a mindset (1). Inspired by the methods of designers, wicked problems are addressed through an iterative and visual way of working. In the beginning, interdisciplinary teams aim to deepen their problem understanding by interviewing important stakeholders and users. Having identified their needs through various synthesis techniques, low-resolution prototypes are quickly built and tested with users. Along this journey, teams get under the surface of the problem and can converge towards prototypes that match users' needs, are viable for firms, and feasible for execution. In terms of outcomes, firms can not only expect innovative solutions, but evidence also suggests that firms achieve customer proximity (2) and projects are faster in delivering tangible results.
Design Thinking in Manufacturing - VISENSE The value of Design Thinking is illustrated by the case study of VISENSE, an industrial error monitoring start-up that was born out of a joint innovation project between business innovation and IT systems engineering graduates from Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and the University of St Gallen (HSG) collaborating with BMW Group.
Exploring the problem The subject of the project concerned a challenge BMW Group provided around production planning processes. The initial task was to establish a data-driven working model. They leveraged Design Thinking techniques to thoroughly understand the problem at hand, which at its core lay with the processes around identifying and resolving machine errors. Many manufacturers today still have manual approaches to identifying errors and sharing information across the plant network. This not only leads to high costs and a loss of know-how but also to lower production quality and machine availability. This machine downtime is a massive and expensive problem for industrial manufacturers, causing average losses of 22'000 USD per minute (3).
Finding a solution for real industrial problems As in every Design Thinking project a diversified project team was consciously composed. In this particular project, the focus was on selecting candidates to bring together IT and business expertise. Over nine-months the project team then moved through the different stages of the Design Thinking process (see illustration 1). During the first three Design Thinking phases - Design Space Exploration, Critical Function and Dark Horse - the project team systematically observed the problem space and diverged their knowledge over three months. This was done by applying different observation methodologies such as interviews, shadowing of the involved stakeholders and benchmarking other industries as well as creating personas, customer journeys, mind maps and using the 6-3-5 method. To put that in perspective over 60 Interviews were conducted and 15 different companies observed. Based on these findings, incremental prototypes were developed, continuously tested and the resulting insights iterated. In total, more than 30 prototypes were developed. Most of them emerged from the Darkhorse phase. During this phase it is about consciously daring, different and "crazy" ideas. Thereby, failing fast and often and learning from it was the decisive factor.
The following six months were all about converging knowledge. Within the upcoming phases - Funky, Functional, X-is finished and Final - the results were successively combined, summarized and partially abandoned to finally develop one final prototype.
Illustration 1: Design thinking journey over nine months
The result of this nine month Design Thinking journey is VISENSE, a data-driven solution that revolutionizes failure detection and analysis in mass production environments. VISENSE visualizes production error incidents through video data and enriches the data through sensor information and AI-driven data analytics. This allows machine experts to monitor machine performance and analyze error root causes at any time. Further, this information can then be easily shared in the VISENSE Dashboard with various stakeholders and within the entire BMW Group network.
This not only significantly reduces the need for machine experts to travel to remote locations within the plant network, but changes the entire operating processes on machine error handling. The systematic data-driven analysis and categorization of errors enable the machine experts to prevent repeat incidents from happening in the future and significantly accelerates ramp-up and handover of new machines. As a result, production quality is improved while increasing efficiency. The quick and non-intrusive set-up of the hardware allows VISENSE to be applied to a wide range of machine types within various industries. According to BMW Group, VISENSE has the potential to reduce time needed for machine error analysis by 50%. This makes a major contribution to increasing machine availability and subsequently reducing machine downtime.
Benefits & learnings of applying Design Thinking Due to exceptionally positive feedback, the project was continued and a start-up was founded. Right now, the solution is in the process of being further developed and implemented within the BMW Group network. This prime example displays the great potential of the Design Thinking method to solve real problems. Key learnings out of this Design Thinking journey were that Design Thinking, in an industrial manufacturing environment, enables you to think beyond accustomed processes to create new innovative ideas. This is brought about by the structured design thinking framework and method, allowing and encouraging deliberate collaboration across departments, creativity, trial-and-error approaches, and most of all to learn from repeated, frequent failing. With that, the aim of Design Thinking is not to develop theoretical constructs, but to build tangible prototypes in order to test and improve them iteratively in a real environment. The case study of VISENSE shows that the intense iterative approach allows to build up deep domain knowledge and understanding of the problem at hand within a timeframe that would be hard to achieve with conventional methods. Applying Design Thinking to complex problems may thus prove a valuable new strategy for industrial manufacturing companies in the future.
About the authors
Professor Dr. Falk Uebernickel holds the chair for Design Thinking and Innovation Research at the Hasso-Plattner-Institute (HPI), Germany's leading digital engineering faculty in Potsdam. Furthermore, he serves as a board member for the international university network Sugar, holds a professorship at the University of St Gallen and is co-founder of IT Management Partner St. Gallen AG (ITMP), an international management consultancy.
Thomas Haskamp is a Research Associate at the chair for Design Thinking and Innovation Research at HPI. Receiving a scholarship from the Foundation of German Business, he was educated in management and design thinking at the University of St Gallen and Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University. Right now, he is doing research on the interface of management, design thinking and digital innovation as a member of the Hasso Plattner Design Thinking Research program with Stanford University.
Pia Spori is co-founder and CEO of VISENSE. She currently studies in the master of Business Innovation at the University of St. Gallen, where she was part of the 2018/19 Design Thinking program led by Prof. Dr. Falk Uebernickel.
VISENSE VISENSE provides a data-driven machine error monitoring solution for industrial manufacturing companies. If you are interested in learning more about our solution, please visit our website _URL_.
Uebernickel, Falk, and Walter Brenner. 2020. Design Thinking: The Handbook. World Scientific Publishing Company Pte Limited.
Vetterli, Christophe, Falk Uebernickel, Walter Brenner, Charles Petrie, and Dirk Stermann. 2016. "How Deutsche Bank's IT Division Used Design Thinking to Achieve Customer Proximity." MIS Quarterly Executive 15 (1).
Advanced Technology Services Inc., (ATS) – Survey of 101 Manufacturing Executives in the Automotive Industry, 2006.


Definitions for "Host Adapter"
Keywords: scsi, bus, circuitry, pci, adapter
A plug-in board or circuitry on the motherboard acting as the interface between a computer system bus and the drive. Typically used with embedded controller drives, such as SCSI and IDE.
The controller that routes data to and/ or from the CPU.
An adapter that provides connectivity with an expansion bus. A host adapter is different from a "controller" as it simply acts as a go-between, the controller actually resides on the device. An IDE "controller" is actually a host adapter.


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Fracture patterns and their origin in the Upper Devonian Antrim Shale gas reservoir of the Michigan basin: A review
Robert T. Ryder
Open-File Report 96-23
PATTERNS OF GAS PRODUCTION AND CHEMISTRY OF ASSOCIATED RESERVOIR WATER
The influence of fractures on gas production is demonstrated by a plot of fracture frequency, measured from fracture-detection logs in three wells in Otsego County, against gas production from these wells (Decker, 1992). The plot shows a direct relationship between fracture frequency and gas production. The three wells used in the plot were also used in fracture studies by Decker and others (1992) and Caramanica (1993). Gas production from the three wells, measured over 24 hours, ranged from 243 to 500 thousand cubic feet of gas per day (MCFGPD). Accompanying water production from the wells ranged from 25 to 85 barrels of water per day (BWPD). All the wells are vertical, received similar stimulation treatment, and were tested for their gas yield at similar times in their production history.
Average gas production for Otsego County wells in March 1993 was contoured by Richards, Walter, and others (1994). A strong northeast-southwest trend in the 100- and 200-MCFGPD contours imply that "sweet spots" in the producing trend are controlled by the northeast-southwest fracture set. Moreover, contoured variations in water chemistry (e.g. HCO3- ion) across the gas-producing trend show the same northeast-southwest trend as the gas production (Walter and others, 1993; Richards, Walter, and others, 1994).
Gas production superimposed on the 28-township regional structure map of Decker and others (1992)(fig. 8) provides an insight to the influence of largeand small-scale structures on gas production and fracture frequency. Because most gas production in the Antrim Shale is reported by lease or project rather than by well, it is expressed on the map as average gas flow rates per quarter township. The highest gas production per quarter township in the region, 100 to 225 MCFGPD, is in south-central to southeastern Otsego County (fig. 8) where structures are characterized by small-scale flexures and terraces (Decker and others, 1992). Somewhat surprisingly, the production is rather low (12 to 86 MCFGPD) along the prominent southeast-plunging anticlinal nose in western Otsego County shown on 1:1,000,000 scale maps by Fisher (1980). The one exception is an 8 sq mi area in western Otsego County and adjoining Antrim County where gas production ranges from 113 to 123 MCFGPD (fig. 8).
A comparison of gas production and structural configuration in the 4-township "sweet spot" of southern Otsego County also shows that the best gas production, and probably the highest fracture frequency, is not necessarily associated with the most obvious anticlines and anticlinal noses(fig. 9). Production assigned to each of the 200+ wells in the data set was prorated from net production data for a given lease. Although good production rates in the 4-township area are associated with the easily recognized southto southwest-plunging anticlinal nose interrupted by small-scale flexures and terraces, better production is generally located on the west flank of the structure (fig. 10).
Created by the EERT WWW Staff.
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Maintained by Publishing Services
Last modified: 21:16:51 Thu 10 Jan 2013
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Monday, March 10, 2008
Income is not income
Money: A song written by Berry Gordy, first recorded by Barrett Strong, then a bit later by a British band called the Beatles.
But income is not income. If you check the results of the Census/ACS and BEA for similar time frames, you'll see two different definitions of income. The Census/ACS definition is MONEY income. BEA measures PERSONAL income.
Data Detective Lenny explains:
Money income is essentially gross cash received on a regular basis (inheritence, etc. are not included). So wages and salaries are measured before taxes are removed.
According to the BEA web site:
This includes such income as housing subsidies, Medicare/Medicaid payments to hospitals on behalf of individuals, etc. even though the individual does not personally see it. The idea is that this is money supporting individuals. So the BEA figures will be significantly different ($10k higher) then the Census Bureau's.
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Habitat's Quality of Life Framework
The importance of healthy neighborhoods
Stable, affordable housing is a key determinant of health. The house and neighborhood where one grows up impacts the health and longevity of one's life.
Having a safe, decent, stable, affordable home also impacts a child's success in school. However, many Americans live outside of safe, stable neighborhoods.
How are we revitalizing neighborhoods?
Neighborhood revitalization recognizes the holistic nature of neighborhood priorities to create change across multiple sectors. In order to create change that leads to the an improved quality of life, Habitat created the Quality of Life Framework. Based on learnings from Habitat affiliates and other community development experts, the Quality of Life Framework was developed to serve as a customizable and comprehensive approach to understand how the ultimate goal, an improved quality of life, can be achieved in a neighborhood. The Quality of Life Framework is Habitat's hypothesis on how systemic and sustainable change happens in a neighborhood.
In order to create change that leads to an improved quality of life, community efforts focus on three foundational outcomes:
- Sense of community: Identifying with the neighborhood, feeling connected and supporting one another.
- Social cohesion: Being willing and able to work together.
- Collective action: Sustaining ongoing projects and advocacy efforts.
Focusing on the three foundational outcomes increases motivation and capacity to overcome barriers to sustainable change.
Donate to revitalize neighborhoods
Why are we revitalizing neighborhoods?
Habitat for Humanity seeks to further embrace our mission by collaborating with local residents and partners to maximize resources and improve quality of life in the entire neighborhood.
How can you give back to the community?
Interested in learning more about the Quality of Life Framework? Email _EMAIL_.
You also can contact your local Habitat office to see how they are involved in neighborhood revitalization efforts and what you can do to help.


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There are many types of coaters, each of which works differently, so it should be considered when selecting materials. Banners coating machinery is just one of them.
However, when designing a banner coater, the selection of materials is also critical, and some need to design anti-wear structures or select wear-resistant materials.
Because the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is significantly lower than that of carbon steel, in the banners coating machinery based on conduction heat transfer, if stainless steel is selected as the main material, the heat transfer area of the equipment should be the thermal conductivity of stainless steel.
Selecting materials for the equipment installation environment, in many cases, although the above conditions can meet the requirements, also pay attention to the material requirements of the equipment installation environment.
When the banners coating machinery is produced, firstly, the guide rollers of the substrate are installed in the direction of the wire, and the adhesive is adjusted proportionally, and the heating system of the oven is started. When the corresponding set temperature is reached, the drive motor is turned on,can be opened for coating production.
The substrate of the unwinding device is first subjected to an anilox roller, after being coated with a glue, and then subjected to a dry bath through a drying tunnel to complete the coating process.