FormEditor with usage
With a large number of forms, it's important to know how often a form has been used, on which pages it's used and when has the form be used. The following report includes the regular FormEditor as well:
# Form
# a) List of forms: {{form:S}}='', {{formIdHistory:S}}=''
# b) Edit Form: {{form:S}} - Open form {{form:S}} with record {{r:S}} - typically the FormEditor
# c) Use history of a given form: {{formIdHistory:S}}
# {{form:S}}
# {{formIdHistory:S0}} - usage history of form '{{formIdHistory:S}}'
10 {
 # List of Forms: Do not show this list of forms if there is a form given by SIP.
 # Table header.
 sql = SELECT ''
 , CONCAT('p:{{pageAlias:T}}&form=Form&') as _pagen
 , 'Name'
 , 'Title'
 , 'Table'
 , '#'
 , 'First'
 , 'Last'
 , 'PageId'
 FROM (SELECT '') AS fake
 WHERE {{formIdHistory:S0}}=0
 head =
 rbeg =
 rend =
 tail =
 20 {
 # All forms
 sql = SELECT CONCAT('p:{{pageAlias:T}}&form=Form&r=', as _pagee
 , CONCAT(,'(',, ')')
 , QMORE(strip_tags(f.title),50)
 , f.tableName
 , CONCAT('p:{{pageAlias:T}}&formIdHistory=',, '|s|b|t:', COUNT(, ''
 , IF(COUNT(, '|r:3','') ) as _link
 , CONCAT( '', DATE_FORMAT( MIN( fsl.created), '%d.%m.%Y'), '')
 , CONCAT( '', DATE_FORMAT( MAX( fsl.created), '%d.%m.%Y'), '')
 , CONCAT('', GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT fsl.pageId ORDER BY fsl.pageId), '')
 FROM Form AS f
 LEFT JOIN FormSubmitLog AS fsl
 WHERE {{formIdHistory:S0}}=0
 GROUP BY
 ORDER BY
 rbeg =
 rend =
 fbeg =
 fend =
30 {
 # History of a Form {{formIdHistory:S0}}
 sql = SELECT
 , fsl.feUser
 , fsl.recordId
 , fsl.pageId
 , fsl.created
 FROM FormSubmitLog AS fsl, Form AS f
 WHERE fsl.formId={{formIdHistory:S0}}
 ORDER BY fsl.created DESC
 FormfeUserrecordIdpageIdSubmit
 tail =
 rbeg =
 rend =
 fbeg =
 fend =
 altsql = SELECT IF('{{formIdHistory:S0}}'='0', '', 'History is empty')
The AutoCron service fires periodically jobs like open a webpage (typically a QFQ page which does some database actions) or send mail.
 - AutoCron will be triggered via system cron. Minimal time distance therefore is 1 minute. If this is not sufficient, any process who starts …/typo3conf/ext/qfq/Classes/External/autocron.php via /usr/bin/php frequently might be used.
 - Custom start time and frequency.
 - Per job:
 - If a job still runs and receives the next trigger, the running job will be completed first.
 - If more than one trigger arrives during a run, only one trigger will be processed.
 - If the system misses a run, it will be played as soon as the system is online again.
 - If multiple runs are missed, only one run is fired as soon as the system is online again.
 - Running and processed jobs can easily be monitored via lastRun, lastStatus, nextRun, inProgress.
 - Setup a system cron entry, typically as the webserver user ('www-data' on debian).
 - Necessary privileges:
 - Read for …/typo3conf/ext/qfq/*
 - Write, if a logfile should be written (specified per cron job) in the custom specified directory.
Cron task (user cron tab):
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/typo3conf/ext/qfq/Classes/External/autocron.php
AutoCron Jobs of type 'website' needs the php.ini setting:
allow_url_fopen = On
Remember: if a cron job fails for whatever reason, the cron daemon will send a mail to the userid who started the cron job. E.g. www-data. Setup a email forward of such account to a frequently read email account.
Create / edit AutoCron jobs
Create a T3 page with a QFQ record (similar to the formeditor). Such page should be access restricted and is only needed to edit AutoCron jobs:
10 {
 # Table header.
 sql = SELECT CONCAT('p:{{pageAlias:T}}&form=cron') AS _pagen, 'id', 'Next run','Frequency','Comment'
 , 'Last run','In progress', 'Status', 'Auto generated'
 head =
 tail =
 rbeg =
 rend =
 fbeg =
 fend =
 10 {
 # All Cron Jobs
 sql = SELECT CONCAT('')
 , '', CONCAT('p:{{pageAlias:T}}&form=cron&r=', AS _pagee, ''
 ,, ''
 , IF( c.nextrun=0,"", DATE_FORMAT(c.nextrun, "%d.%m.%y %H:%i:%s")), ''
 , c.frequency, ''
 , c.comment, ''
 , IF(c.lastrun=0,"", DATE_FORMAT(c.lastrun,"%d.%m.%y %H:%i:%s")), ''
 , IF(c.inProgress=0,"", DATE_FORMAT(c.inProgress,"%d.%m.%y %H:%i:%s")), ''
 , LEFT(c.laststatus,40) AS '_+pre', ''
 , c.autoGenerated
 , CONCAT('U:form=cron&r=', AS _paged, ''
 FROM Cron AS c
The system cron service will call the QFQ AutoCron every minute. QFQ AutoCron checks if there is a pending job, by looking for jobs with nextRun <= NOW(). All found jobs will be fired - depending on their type, such jobs will send mail(s) or open a webpage. A webpage will mostly be a local T3 page with at least one QFQ record on it. Such a QFQ record might do some manipulation on the database or any other task.
A job with nextRun'=0 or 'inProgress!=0 won't never be started.
Due to checking inProgress, jobs will never run in parallel, even if a job needs more than 1 minute (interval system cron).
Job: repeating
 - frequency: '1 MINUTE', '2 DAY', '3 MONTH', ….
After finishing a job, nextRun will be increased by frequency. If nextRun still points in the past, it will be increased by frequency again, until it points to the future.
Job: asynchronous
 - frequency:
An 'AutoCron' job becomes 'asynchronous' if frequency is empty. Then, auto repeating is switched off.
If nextRun is > 0 and in the past, the job will be fired. After the job has been done,


Notorious Arizona County Providing Wrong Election Date In Spanish, Correct Date In English
A spokesperson for the Maricopa County Elections Department admits they once again gave voters the wrong date of next month's election.
ABC15 exposed a similar mistake by the Maricopa County Elections Department last week on a voter ID document. The document, like the bookmark, also listed the date of the general election in Spanish as November 8, but November 6 in English.
Reed, Maricopa County Recorder Helen Purcell's spokesperson, says the error was not intentional but rather simply yet another mistake.
 - Allen
 If you can't read or speak English then you have no business voting anyways.
 - Andrew
 Does that include people who can't tell the difference between 6 and 8?
 - Jin The Ninja
 i rather think, being monolingual, is somewhat limiting and not a topic of polite discussion.
 your personal ignorance is not an excuse for the disenfranchisement of legal voters.
 - Eric Fischer
 Does the above statement still apply for a monolingual person in the U.S. who only speaks Spanish? (although I do tend to agree that being multilingual is objectively better than being monolingual)
 - Jin The Ninja
 i said 'being monolingual is somewhat limiting.' that doesn't refer to any particular group of speakers; however, english-speaking westerners have a particularly virulent expectation for non-english speakers to learn THEIR language. did you know there are hundreds of thousands of AMERICAN aboriginal people born between _PHONE_ WHOM ONLY speak their indigenous language? i don't fault people for being monolingual (because that would be just as a bad as the OP), but i fault practices that engender disenfranchisement in totality.
 - Hadrian999
 I believe if someone travels to another country it is their responsibility to learn the language if they want to get along, though encouraging people to multilingual is a great idea.It is also important for outreach programs to help new arrivals learn a functional level of the local language. New immigrants who are cut off from the parent culture don't do anyone any good. In parts of the U.S. it is very hard to learn and retain a foreign language though maybe less difficult in the internet age. Nothing drives me quite so crazy as videos of "ugly americans" freaking out because people in places they vacation don't speak English. I want to learn another language but I'm not sure I'll be able to with the state of my hearing.
 - Eric Fischer
 There's a BIG difference between American Indians who are native to the U.S. and immigrants who moved here.
 As an English-speaking westerner myself, I would consider it the height of arrogance and bad manners to go to a foreign nation and expect them to bend over backwards to accommodate my monolinguism, ESPECIALLY if I was seeking citizenship in that country. I see nothing wrong with endorsing the same policy in my own country.
 Arpaio is a total POS, and the particular tactic revealed in this article is slimy. However, Indians living on the Res are the ONLY ones who are entitled to an exemption from being required to read and write in English to vote.
 - VaudeVillain
 Why not?
 - 4451Htop
 I agree 100%. How can anyone think your wrong for making that statement? You have to understand English to make an informed decision when voting. I don't want people voting for someone when they can't even understand them. You guys are retarded if you think a bunch of people who can't speak or read the primary language of a country should have the right to vote in that country. Assimilate or GTFO!
 - Liam_McGonagle
 "Maricopa County Recorder Helen Purcell's spokesperson, says the error was not intentional but rather simply yet another mistake."
 She must be a rocket scientist just like Arpaio. Who the hell honestly 'thought' that the Spanish for 6 November would read '8 Noviembre'?
 - Jin The Ninja
 if that "genuinely" was a "mistake" then not only would it have "mistakenly" robbed people of their right to vote, but also it was so deeply retarded that whomever wrote it should not be claiming "spanish proefficiency" on their CV (a fire-able offense). i think it's much less embarrassing for them to just admit they are racist and fascist, at least that would show some kind of integrity of ideology.
 - some1simple
 I would like to see your remark regarding "unconstitutionally awful conditions" of the jails this gentleman runs supported by at least some shred of evidence or clearly phrased as your own opinion. As far as I know there has only been one case that deals with medical rights in the jail, but that does not mean the jail is unconstitutional, only the medical treatment. Please save your loaded single sided comments for you own blog.
 - Matt Staggs
 You're a guest here. Feel free to criticize Mr. Sloan's assertions, but If you're interested in moderating or editing content, then I suggest you "save it for your own blog."
 - VaudeVillain
 What a gentleman, you Googled for him AND refrained from using profanity.
 I would have just told him to get bent.
 - Fransico Person
 The ballots should be in "English only" to begin with. Whoever thought that they should include spanish with English and no other languages was a racist. Why not include every language known to man? Wouldn't want to disenfranchise anyone now would we.
 There is good reason for a predominant language being spoken in any country, America happens to be English. Learn it, make it easier on society as a whole.
 - nobomney2012
 Who downvotes this? If I moved to Brazil I wouldn't expect everything to be catered to me in english, i'd fucking learn Portuguese so I could assimilate. Immigrants, please come here, but learn the fucking language. My ancestors did and so should you.
 - Andrew
 His comment indicates to me that he already knows English.
 Also, if Brazil invaded and conquered America, I'd demand they cater to English speakers.
 - Eric Fischer
 If Brazil invaded and conquered America, you wouldn't be in any position to "demand" anything. More like "pretty please."
 If you think American cops are bad, try getting out of line in Rio. Or better yet, DON'T.
 - Andrew
 That attitude is a tad servile for my tastes. If the Founding Fathers thought that way, etc. etc.
 - VaudeVillain
 So it's racist to include Spanish, but entirely proper to include only English?
 Out of curiosity, how well do you know English? The (very short) article above clearly states that it refers to bookmark and a voter identification notice, ballots are not included.
 It would be a much better world if every ignorant jag who thinks God descended upon Washington and declared English the only language to be used in the US at least had the common decency to know and understand the language they seem to have such a hard on for. Damned morans.
 - nobomney2012
 American English has been the predominant spoken language in this country since it's inception and is the official language of 28 states(albeit these rulings do have racist roots). My grandparents came here speaking only Lithuanian and worked hard to learn the language so they could properly assimilate into the culture. Were there ballots catering to them? Fuck no and rightfully so. As I stated before, immigrants please come on over here, you're what made this country what it is. Just learn the language so you can properly integrate.
 - nobomney2012
 BTW I used ballots just as an example here I know it wasn't in the article.
 - poponhop
 are you pretending? to be spanish then misspelled your own name? Francisco or you are a sico?
 - Neo Washington
 The DOJ is flexing it's muscle to intimidate Sheriff Joe. If the majority of the crime in your community is committed by green aliens, then you would tend to deal more with green aliens, ie: pull over more green aliens. It's simple, his town is over run with illegal aliens and hispanic gangs, hispanic drug dealers, that's where the crime is coming from. Not to mention that if you are illegal you ARE a criminal by definition.
 Who cares, lets get the party started, throw these assholes out of the white house, out of the senate, out of congress and out of the supreme court. The few will not control the many forever.
 - BuzzCoastin
 OMG, Hispanics were almost deceived
 and wouldn't have been able to vote in fake, rigged election
 if they hadn't noticed that the Anglos were voting 2 days earlier
 no one should be deprived of their right to vote
 for one of the two corporate candidates of their choice
 - auto5734955
 To those of you who in some manner said speak the tongue or go home……..I bet your ancestors came to the USA able to speak perfectly the "NATIVE" dialects right? a$$holes you should GTFHome.


DNI Advice
The Spanish NIE has provided quite a lot of unpleasant last minute surprises, since is compulsory to show it on any important act made in Spain.
You will find here the most frequently asked questions, so you save yourself a few problems:
What is a NIE?
An NIE Number is a tax identification number to be used in Spain. Prior to purchasing a property, selling a property, obtaining a mortgage, starting up a business or working in Spain, it is a requirement by law that every individual possess an NIE Number. The application process is laborious and time consuming, and without the use of a service such as ours, would require normally two trips to Spain, and over 10 hours of waiting in queues, along with the filling out of complex application forms.
The actual NIE Number, when produced from a National Police Station in Spain is printed out on a piece of paper, and this sheet of paper is often used as a form of identity. Once you have been issued an NIE number, it is yours for life.
Everywhere on the internet it says that you have to apply in person for your NIE Number? Is this true?
Yes, this is certainly the case. Without question the Spanish law states very clearly that the person must apply for the documents in person. However, the Spanish law also clearly states that a legalised, Spanish power-of-attorney document enables any individual to be represented by another for all legal purposes in Spain (as long as it is declared as such within the power-of-attorney). Therefore through virtue of these combined laws, we are able to apply for a NIE number on your behalf without the need for you to be in Spain.
You should also note that, regardless of the clearly stated laws, many local branches of the national police throughout Spain choose not to allow this, which is why some lawyers are unable to act on your behalf for this purpose.
How long does the procedure take?
Once we have received your documents (POA and copies of passports – both legalised) the NIE number is obtained within 10 business days (which equates to normally 2 weeks, exceptions made for public and bank holidays).
Prior to sending the documents to us, they must be notarised (by a Notary Public in your area) and then stamped with the Hague Apostille.
Do I need to send photos for my NIE number card?
No you do not need to send photos to apply for the NIE number.
The NIE number is in fact not a card at all. Rather it is a sheet of A4 paper bearing your details (as outlined on your passport) as well as an official stamp from the National Police of Spain. This original document is an extremely important item of identification in Spain, even though it does not include any photo. Your passport and/or eventually your residence card used in conjunction with your NIE number is generally sufficient for most functions to do with government & taxation in Spain(such as purchasing a property in Spain, paying taxes, selling a property in Spain, etc.).
What happens if I have lost my NIE Number?
Applying for a duplicate NIE number is the same process as applying for the first time. One thing to watch out for however, albeit most of the time this goes without saying, is that the same details are put on the second application form as the first because if not, they police will have problems in issuing the same number if they cannot prove 100% that it is the same person.
I am an EU Citizen, what documentation do you need from me?
As an EU citizen, in order to obtain an NIE Number on your behalf, we will require only a notarised, legalised power of attorney document and a notarised, legalised copy of your passport. There is nothing further required.
I am an NON-EU Citizen, what documentation do you need from me?
As a non-EU citizen, in order to obtain an NIE Number on your behalf, we will require a notarised, legalised power of attorney document, a notarised, legalised copy of your full passport, a full copy of your passport (all pages – email or fax is fine for this purpose), documented evidence (or proof of) why you require an NIE Number. In the case of a property purchase, a private purchase contract, a letter from a mortgage company, or similar type of document will suffice.
I've been told I can apply for my NIE card through the Spanish consulate. Is this true? If yes, what benefits does your service offer over applying through a Spanish consulate?
Yes, this is entirely true. The primary benefit of using our service as opposed to applying through a Spanish consulate is speed. The average time required for an individual to obtain their NIE number via applying through a Spanish consulate is 16 weeks. This varies from one country to the next, we encourage people to contact their closest Spanish consulate first and enquire about their turnaround time.
Can I get a temporary NIE number at the consulate to sign the deeds of my property?
This is not possible. The NIE that you are issued initially is the same NIE for the rest of your life. Even if you lose the document and apply for a new one, the same number will be issued to you again. Therefore there is no such thing as a temporary NIE.
If you need the NIE for signing title deeds in Spain, as soon as we have submitted the application, we can send a stamped copy to the sellers, mortgage broker, lawyer or whomever is demanding the NIE as proof that the NIE is on the way. This usually pacifies the situation until the document is issued.


23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
These cats have been around the world, taken classes and studied hard to be as cultured as they are now. In.gif form! posted on
I know, right? Now tell your friends!
23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
Lauren Yapalater
1. The Businessman
Expert negotiator, in three different languages. Culture is his middle name.
2. The Polite Cat
Uses chopsticks properly, like a cultured cat would.
3. The Pianist
Tickles that ivory like an old pro.
4. The Dancer
Took ballroom dancing classes, can waltz with the best of them.
5. The Scholar
He just finished his thesis. Topic: CULTURE.
6. The Masseuse
Went to Sweden, learned how to massage.
7. The Worker
Knows the trials and tribulations of sweat shops.
8. The Traveler
Speaks Italian. Cosa Vuoi?
9. The Gardener
Learned how to garden while visiting Croatia.
10. The Strategist
Knows books. Military books.
11. The Athlete
Trained in Japan.
12. The Rastafarian
What? Ohhh. Yeah. Mon.
13. The Botanist
Knows the difference between roses and poison ivy, as taught in Spain.
14. El Conquistador
Speaks spanish.
15. The AristoCAT
Like I said, the AristoCAT
16. The Techie
Apprenticed with Steve Jobs himself.
17. The City Slicker
He's from Brooklyn, Fuhgeddaboudit
18. The Musician
He's a classical guitarist.
19. The Chef
Sushi chef extraordinaire, also knows karate. Cultured.
20. The Well-Mannered Cat
Learned at a young age pasta is not finger food. It's slurping food. Cultured.
21. The Super-Nanny
Learned everything she knows from Mary Poppins, queen of culture.
22. The Food Critic
Traveled around the world tasting foods with Anthony Bourdain. Culture is in his blood.
23. The Needler
Learned how to embroider while in India.
Got your own cultured cat? Share with us!
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text:
diss_otsu1330.pdf 6.32 MB
Effects of Herbivores on the Competition of C3 and C4 Graminoids.
1. A study was conducted to determine the effects of herbivores on the competition of C3 and C4 graminoids at the Central Plains Experimental Range (the CPER) in northern Colorado, USA., and several places in southwestern Japan: Nara Park, Miyajima Island, Mt. Azuma, the Oita Prefecture Animal Husbandry Range (the OPAHR) on Mt. Kuju, Mt.Aso, and Toi-Misaki Point. Herbivore effects were mainly derived from cattle at the CPER, Mt. Azuma, the OPAHR on Mt. Kuju and Mt. Aso, from horses at Toi Misaki Point, and from half-tamed deer (Cervus nippon) at Nara Park and Miyajima Island.
2. The main objective of the present study was to demonstrate to what extent herbivores correlate with two physiological function systems in C3 and C4 graminoids. The hypothesis investigated was: the abundance of C3 and C4 grammoids is dependent on direct herbivore influence, and also on indirect influences brought about by a process of micro-environmental modification caused by herbivores, such as that in water resources and irradiance, which are physiologically advantageous or disadvantageous to C3 and C4 plants.
3. The importance values of C3 and C4 graminoids were expressed as summed dominace ratio (SDR), relative importance value (SDR'), cumulative value for C3 and C4 graminoids (C3- and C4-SDR'), the number of C3 and C4 graminoid species, and index value (C3- or C4-SDR' multiplied by the number of C3 or C4 graminoids species respectively).
4. To examine the indirect influence (in the relationship among herbivore - abiotic factors - vegetational aspects), the soil properties: bulk density, maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), moisture percentage (MP), water content ratio (WCR), soil organic matter (carbon and nitrogen content) and soil hardness were measured. Sampling for vegetation and soils was done along an ecological cline, from the upland to the lowland of the hillslope where those factors listed above exhibited sequential alternations. This procedure was repeated in differently grazed pastures (heavy, moderate, light and non-grazing) and different exclosure systems (inside and outside the fence).
5. The results were:
(1) As a function of grazing intensity, using discrete nominal variables (from heavy to non-grazing), the importance of C4 graminoids markedly increased and that of C3 grammoids generally declined.
(2) Studies in the exclosure regime excluding the intensive deer grazing in Nara Park also showed similar trends: tolerance of C4 graminoid and vulnerable traits of C3 grammoidsi The extent of grazing effects depends on the exclosure condition - open or closed - with or without canopies. However, the results on Miyajima Island were not distinct in terms of responses of C3 and C4 graminoids to the grazing.
(3) C3 and C4 importance values responded to the ecological gradient in progressive or retrogressive succession, which were expressed as a replacement of a japonica and a Miscanthus sinensis type community, and were attributed to the different grazing intensities. This also suggests that the abrupt increase in light intensity and temperature caused by the removal of the canopy (Miscanthus sinensis)influenced the competitive relationship between C3 and C4 graminoids.
(4) There was a close relationship between the abundance of the C3, C4 graminoids and topographical features of the hillslope (the upland, the mid-slope and the lowland), which regulate the spatial use by herbivores, indicating that the distributional difference of C3 and C4 graminoids along the hillslope is largely due to the discriminative herbivore use of the pasture.
(5) Simple regression techniques were used to define the relationships between soil properties and C3, C4 graminoid distribution. The importance of C3 and C4 graminoids showed sxgnificant correlations mostly with soil properties, especially water-related factors and bulk density. This suggests that the physiological functions of those two types of graminoids responded to these soil factors.
(6) Herbivore activity, such as grazing, trampling and resting on the ground, altered the soil condition. Differences in soil bulk density, hardness and space structure were distinct among the differently grazed areas.
6. The evidences listed above support the hypothesis that herbivores influence C3 and C4 graminoid competition: directly with grazing which stimulates tolerant and intolerant characteristics of C3 and C4 graminoids, and indirectly with modified soil condition and light intensity, which fit or do not fit the physiological traits of C3 and C4 species.
7. The fact that these trends occurred consistently over all the study areas regardless of major climate differences and herbivore type suggests that the herbivore is a primary regulator in the competition between the C3 and C4 grammoids. However, if the grazing pressure upon the vegetation is extremely high as seen in herbaceous communities On Miyajima Island, the relations of herbivores and C3 and C4 graminoid distribution are indistinctive.
the Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Division 2 (Botany), Vol. 20, 1985
Thesis or Dissertation
Copyright(c) by Author
|date of granted||
Graduate School of Science
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Pixley Isaka Ka Seme
Born in 1881, Pixley Isaka Ka Seme was one of South Africa's most important historical figures. He is considered to be father of black attorneys. Seme was one of the earliest black South African to study overseas and paved the way for many others in the dedication to excellence and political awareness.
Named Isaac Seme after his Zulu father, Pixley Seme grew up in Natal and attended a local American missionary school. He showed exceptional promise and eagerness to study overseas, so much so that at the age of 17, Reverend Pixley helped him gain entrance to Mount Hermon School in the US. Here he took on the name Pixley. This passion for education saw Seme go on to complete his Bachelor Of Arts degree at Columbia University and his law degree at Oxford before returning to South Africa in 1911.
Back in South Africa, he opened up a law practice in partnership with Alfred Mangena. A year later Seme, Mangena and a few others called for the meeting of black communities throughout South Africa in Bloemfontein, and started what they called South African Native National Congress (SANNC). This organisation called for black unity despite tribal racism, and was later renamed the African National Congress (ANC) in 1923.
Having become an ANC founder, Seme also launched the SANNC newspaper, Abantu Batho, which was published in Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho and English and established another group, the South African Native Farmers Association. By this time, Seme had an established law practice, and some of his clients included the royal family of Swaziland. In 1928, Colombia University awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Law (LLD). In 1951 he passed away at the age of 70.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
What does MOB mean in Community?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand MOB in the field in general and in the Community terminology in particular.
Men Of Bordentown
Find a translation for MOB in other languages:
Select another language:
What does MOB mean?
- mob, rabble, rout(noun)
- a disorderly crowd of people


text: Tak has just returned from the Models in Population Dynamics and Ecology (MPDE) conference in Marseille, which was held over 5th-9th September at the Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques (CIRM) at Aix-Marseille University. During the conference, Tak presented two new Markov Chain models describing how species abundances fluctuate under environmental variation. The models are novel in that they can be analysed to derive exact expressions for species richness and community abundance, allowing investigation of how these quantities change with increasing environmental variation, for example due to global climate change. Determining changes in richness and abundance is important because they are fundamental drivers of ecosystem functioning. In addition to presenting this work, Tak also took the opportunity to learn more about some of the latest developments in theoretical population biology and ecology, and connect with other researchers in this area.


The ObservSMART system is a proximity solution designed to solve one of the most significant challenges behavioral health facilities face on a daily basis: consistent, validated patient observation. Healthcare providers can rely on ObservSMART to monitor patients and ensure staff compliance using customized parameters that cater to the needs of their unique unit.
Shaina Smolowe, Director of Customer Success at InvisAlert Solutions, explains how the ObservSMART system serves as an indispensable tool for behavioral health professionals.
Q&A: How ObservSMART helps behavioral health patients and staff
Q: What is ObservSMART?
A: ObservSMART is a patented product that improves Q15 compliance, ensuring overall better patient safety and quality of care. This is achieved through patient wristbands that sync with software to perform patient checks. This equipment relies on proximity — health checks can only be performed and documented if a staff member is near the patient, therefore ensuring compliance.
Q: Why is ObservSMART important?
A: Patient safety is the number one priority. Patients go to these [behavioral health] facilities because it is the safer and better option for them. It is crucial that staff are seeing the patient on regular intervals to ensure that they are providing the safest environment possible.
And this remains especially true during the pandemic. Mental health didn't go anywhere — people are still suffering. Now, facilities are being overrun with patients who are seeking help during these difficult times.
Q: Why is ObservSMART more efficient than traditional Q15 checks?
A: Using traditional methods for patient checks, everything is documented on paper or e-tablets, but there is no validated compliance. If there was a sentinel event, leadership would have to gather everyone's paper records, check cameras, and document what was seen in order to understand if the event was avoidable. They check to see if the staff were doing their rounds like they were supposed to.
ObservSmart ensures compliance. The data that we provide on rounding and proximity is essential and eliminates the uncertainty of using paper. Seeing how close in proximity staff was to a patient is an invaluable measure that other systems aren't able to provide. There are supervisory alerts to help avoid sentinel events, so supervisors can intervene in real-time to make sure that the patient is getting the best care.
Q: Is ObservSMART flexible to specific patient needs?
A: Yes. For example, the health checks can be adjusted to intervals other than fifteen minutes. I have seen them as low as 5 minutes and as high as an hour.
It depends on the type of facility, whether it's inpatient, residential, substance abuse or detox. 15 minutes is the standard for inpatient, which is the most common interval. Now, we are seeing many more variables as we are growing and branching out to different types of facilities. We also accommodate 1:1 rounding for higher acuity patients.
Heart and Head for Patient Safety Checks
Q: Does ObservSMART actually improve client experience and patient safety?
A: Many organizations have reported noticeable improvements as a result of ObservSMART.
We've heard things like, "it helps me sleep better at night," and, "it's the smartest thing we've ever done," from our clients who have implemented ObservSMART in their facilities.
Melissa Larkin-Skinner, regional CEO of Centerstone, a not-for-profit health system, said in a press release, "This technology is vastly enhancing the way we observe and monitor patients in our care. Our staff is able to manage more efficiently the required round-the-clock 15-minute checks that are standard care for behavioral health patients. In turn, supervisory staff can validate that patients are being observed and clinicians can provide real-time feedback and care instructions."
Q: How does ObservSMART affect staff workload and workflow?
A: Designed by and for behavioral health staff, our solution supports the most complex workflows and improves communication among staff. Our proprietary management processes help you operationalize and offer your team the appropriate tools to effectively and efficiently perform their responsibilities. After implementation, our clients report an overall decrease in workload.
A decrease in workload and improvement of communication can allow for better overall quality of staff productivity.
Q: Why is analytics in healthcare important? How does it affect employee performance?
A: Staff and leadership can see real-time performance to quickly understand, if improvements need to be made. It also allows staff to be recognized when they are doing a good job.
We recommend pairing weaker performers with stronger performers. We find when a facility meets more regularly with the staff about compliance, these numbers start to go up and staff compliance improves.
Q: What happens after we implement ObersvSMART in our facility?
A: We develop strong customer relationships, and if we can work together to improve patient safety, then we are doing our job. After implementation, we meet with leadership weekly until they are comfortable, and then quarterly to keep everyone on track. We are invested in your success.
With ObservSMART's experience with other clients, we can help drive best practices and allow for positive changes.
As healthcare professionals ourselves, improving safety is our number-one priority. We designed ObservSMART to give healthcare staff — and patients — the peace of mind they deserve. With its ability to record essential patient data, improve staff workflow and performance, and set and ensure patient monitoring parameters, ObservSMART is a powerful tool capable of keeping patients safe and improving care.
Contact us to learn how InvisAlert Solutions can make your behavioral health facility a safer place for everyone.
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ZF-6009: Zend_Text_MultiByte::wordWrap() incorrect work
When you try to do something like this:
$line = Zend_Text_MultiByte::wordWrap('abcdef', 2,'', true, 'utf-8');
you'll get "ab cd cdef". But expected result is "ab cd ef".
The problem actually is in line 62 of Zend/Text/MultiByte.php:
$line = substr($string, strlen($matches[0]));
$string is the first parameter for the method wordWrap(). In cycle this code always cuts part from input string, but not from actual value. It should be:
$line = substr($line, strlen($matches[0]));
 - Fixed in r14283-14284 and merged into 1.7 release branch with r14285.
 - Required a complete rewrite of the method
 - Missing unit tests added


text:
Showing 1 entry
Keywords: ibm data explorer, parallel performance visualization, scientific visualization, visualization prototyping
Performance visualization is the use of graphical display techniques for the visual analysis of performance data to improve the understanding of complex performance phenomena. While the graphics of current performance visualizations are predominantly confined to two-dimensions, one of the primary goals of our work is the development of new methods for rapidly prototyping next-generation, multi-dimensional performance visualizations. By applying the tools of scientific visualization to performance visualization, we have found that next-generation displays for performance visualization can be prototyped, if not implemented, in existing data visualization software products like Data Explorer, using graphical techniques that physicists, oceanographers, and meteorologists have used for several years now.
Modified: Thu Dec 12 15:58:22 US/Pacific 1996
Created: Thu Dec 12 12:34:50 US/Pacific 1996
Return to the ParaDucks Research Group Publications page.


text:
Garrettson, Freeborn, 1752–1827, American Methodist preacher, b. Maryland. At the time of his conversion to Methodism (1775), he freed his slaves and began his journeys as a preacher. In 1784 he traveled through the South, summoning preachers to the conference at which the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States was organized (see Methodism) and at which he was ordained. He organized congregations in Nova Scotia, New York, and New England. At the request of John Wesley, he wrote The Experience and Travels of Mr. Freeborn Garrettson (1791). His zeal and travels helped greatly in the spread of Methodism in the United States.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Freeborn Garrettson from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Protestant Christianity: Biographies


text:
- britches (Appalachia, Southern US)
From Middle English breches pl (also brechen), a variant of Middle English breche, brech, brek ("breeches"), from Old English brēċ ("breeches"), from Proto-Germanic *brōkiz pl (nom.acc.), from Proto-Germanic *brōks ("trousers"); akin to Old Norse brók ("breeches"), Danish brog, Dutch broek, German Bruch f; compare Latin bracae ( > French braies) which is of Celtic origin. Compare brail.
- (plural of breech):
- (smallclothes; trousers):
- Rhymes: -ɪtʃɪz, -iːtʃɪz
- plural of
- A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.
- (informal) Trousers; pantaloons.
- breeches buoy
- breeches pipe: a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end
- open-kneed breeches
- wear the breeches: see wear the pants, wear the trousers
- too big for one's britches


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Hammond Family History
Hammond Surname History
Hammond family history has a rich and complex origin of which the particulars have been accumulated over the years by Hammond family researchers. The last name Hammond is an old lineage that has spread all across the world over time, and as the Hammond family has migrated, it has evolved making its etymology a challenge to unearth. This page is the home for the complete history of the Hammond surname, Hammond etymology, and history of people with the Hammond name.
No content has been submitted here about Hammond. The following is speculative information about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The evolution of Hammond begins with the origins of thefamily name. Even in the earliest days of a name there are variations in that single name simply because family names were infrequently written down that long ago.
As these families emigrated between countries and languages, the Hammond name may have changed with them. Hammond families have moved across various regions all throughout history. It was not unusual for a surname to change as it enters a new country or language.
Hammond country of origin
No content has been submitted about the Hammond country of origin. The following is speculative information about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The nationality of Hammond is often difficult to determine because countries change over time, making the nation of origin indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Hammond may be difficult to determine as result of whether the surname came about naturally and independently in multiple locales; for example, in the case of names that are based on a professional trade, which can come into being in multiple regions independently (such as the family name "Baker" which refers to the craft of baker).
Meaning of the last name Hammond
No content has been submitted about the meaning of Hammond. The following is speculative information about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The meaning of Hammond come may come from a profession, such as the name "Dean" which may have been adopted by members of the clergy. Many of these trade-based family names might be a profession in some other language. Because of this it is important to know the ethnicity of a name, and the languages used by its early ancestors. Many western names like Hammond originate from religious texts such as the Quran, the Bible, the Bhagavadgītā, and other related texts. In many cases these surnames are shortened versions of a religious phrase such as "Worthy of praise".
- Will Hammond
- Verna Hammond
- Warren Hammond 1826 -?
- Emma Parilee Hammond Hosch 1870 -?
- Minnie Louise Hammond 1885 -?
- Charles Samuel Hammond 1857 -?
- Joseph Hammond 1867 -?
- Caroline Mary (Finch) Hammond 1823 -?
- Helen J. Hammond 1885 -?
- Clara Hammond
- Julia Augusta Hammond 1861 -?
- Sarah Hammond
- Minnie Louise Hammond Miller
- Elizabeth Roby Hammond 1846 -?
- William Clinton Hammond 1864 -?
Hammond Family Tree
Famous people named Hammond
No famous people named Hammond have been submitted. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Nationality and Ethnicity of Hammond
No content has been submitted about the ethnicity of Hammond. The following is speculative information about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
We do not have a record of the primary ethnicity of the name Hammond. Many surnames travel around the world throughout the ages, making their original nationality and ethnicity difficult to trace.
More about the name Hammond
Fun facts about the Hammond family
We have no fun facts about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Hammond spelling variations
No content has been submitted about alternate spellings of Hammond. The following is speculative information about Hammond. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Knowing spelling variations and alternate spellings of the Hammond surname are important to understanding the etymology of the name. Family names like Hammond change in how they're spelled as they travel across communities, family unions, and eras over the years. In the past, when few people knew how to write, names such as Hammond were transcribed based on how they were heard by a scribe when people's names were recorded in government records. This could have given rise misspellings of Hammond.


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Maintenance costs will vary greatly depending on the type
of trail, amount of volunteer labor use, available services, and geographic
location of the trail. These costs, however, must be considered during the
trail planning process, to ensure that trail owners can pay for the ongoing
maintenance of the trails they develop.
Maintenance costs are rarely broken down into specific
tasks such as those listed in Table 7-1. Most trails
will be maintained by an existing agency, such as a local or state park,
public works, or maintenance department. Estimated costs, therefore, are
broken down by the type of maintenance performed. There are three basic types
- Routine maintenance includes all the general activities -- such as brush
clearing, trash collection, and sweeping that may take place on a
regular basis throughout a season.
- Minor Repairs refer to activities that can be expected every five years
or so, such as amenity replacement, trail sealcoating, repainting, or restriping.
- Major Reconstruction refers to significant expenditures involving resurfacing
or reconstruction. These activities are the most costly trail maintenance
activities and should be planned for in advance.
Most of the routine maintenance of a trail facility will
be performed by an existing agency or a volunteer group. Local trail owners
should be well equipped to include trail maintenance into their parks or
public works maintenance budgets and activities. Activities that should be
considered as routine maintenance include:
- Yearly facility evaluation to determine the need for minor
- Tree/brush clearing
- Map/signage updates
- Trash removal/litter clean-up
- Repair flood damage: silt clean-up, culvert clean-out, etc.
- Patching, minor regrading, or concrete panel replacement
- Snow grooming and/or plowing for winter-use trails
- Planting, pruning, and general beautification
- Installation and removal of seasonal signage
The yearly cost for routine maintenance depends on the
maintenance capabilities already in place by the trail owner and the amount
of volunteer labor used. In general, yearly routine maintenance costs can
be estimated at $1,500 per mile. This figure assumes a single season trail,
and may increase if a trail is groomed or plowed for winter use. This cost
is estimated in year 2000 dollars, and will be affected by inflation. For
a discussion on inflation, see Chapter 5: Cost Analysis.
The need for minor repairs should be determined by a yearly
facility evaluation (see routine maintenance above). Minor repairs may include
the following activities:
- Replacement, repair, or repainting of trail support amenities, such as
restrooms, signage, benches, trash receptacles, or hitching posts
- Replacement of a portion of the trail
- Restriping of trails
- Sealcoating of asphalt trails
The cost for replacement, repair, or repainting of trail
amenities is based on the initial cost of those amenities. Trail operators
should maintain records of the general costs of trail amenities as a means
of estimating future repair and replacement costs. If custom elements, such
as lighting, decorative railings, or benches, are used in trail design, the
trail owner should consider ordering extra elements at the time of construction
and storing them for future use, thereby defraying the cost of single-runs
Replacement of a portion of a trail may be necessary if
severe flooding, continual erosion, or weak soils cause periodic difficulties
with trail maintenance. For estimated costs for new trail construction, see
Chapter 5: Cost Analysis.
Restriping of trails will cost the same (in year 2000 dollars)
as the original striping. The trail owner should keep a record of the original
bid to determine the price of restriping a trail using contracted labor.
In many cases, it is cost effective to perform restriping along with other
trail or highway maintenance. In such instances, the trail owner itself will
be the best source of costing information.
Sealcoating of asphalt trails should take place approximately
every five years. This will increase the longevity of the trail and provide
a quality riding surface. When performed, sealcoating will cost approximately
$3,500 per mile for a 6-foot pedestrian trail and approximately $5,800 per
mile for a 10-foot multi-use trail. A periodic cost such as this should be
included in the trail owners Capital Improvement Program, in order
to ensure that adequate funding is available.
There are essentially two activities that are considered
to be major reconstructions:
- Resurfacing of asphalt trails
- Complete replacement, regrading, and resurfacing of all trails
Asphalt trails will need to be resurfaced approximately
every 10 years, depending on how well they have been maintained. A resurfacing
typically involves placing an asphalt overlay on an existing asphalt surface
in order to erase cracks and bumps. It is not a perfect solution, as weak
underlying soils or tree root penetration will eventually affect this top
layer, but it does offer a lower cost means of extending a trails life.
The cost for resurfacing can be based on unit costs shown in Chapter
5: Cost Analysis. Asphalt surfacing costs approximately $1 per square
foot for a 4-inch depth. Asphalt overlays should have a depth of 1 to 2 inches.
Table 7-2 offers some sample costs for asphalt resurfacing.


text:
mathtex is a cgi program that lets you easily embed LaTeX
math in your own html pages, blogs, wikis, etc. It parses a
LaTeX math expression and immediately emits the corresponding
gif (or png) image, rather than the usual TeX dvi.
The following is just an example of use copied from the homepage:
alt="" border=0 align="middle">
CGIDIR defaults to /var/www/cgi-bin, but pass a differnet value
if your local installation needs something else.
Maintained by: Roberto Metere
(the SlackBuild does not include the source)


text:
About This Show
Every fortnight, The Intersection narrates stories that meld culture, science and history in India. Through interviews, anecdotes and original research, Padmaparna Ghosh and Samanth Subramanian bring alive the rich breadth of human imagination and knowledge, making for a riveting listening experience. The incessant punning — well, that's just a bonus.
Most Recent Episode
#46: How Our Vocabulary Evolved Over 8,000 Years
Isn't it odd that the word for "father" in Spanish ("padre") and Sanskrit ("pitru") sound similar? Especially given the geographic and cultural barriers that separate the two languages? As this episode of The Intersection discovers, there's a reason these languages can sound similar, and what's more, there's actually a way to trace the pronunciations of modern words, sometimes going back 8,000 years. Tune in to know more about the granddaddy of modern Indo-European languages and how a story may have sounded thousands of years ago.
Music: Josh Woodward


text:
6-1/2 x 9-1/4
In the most thorough examination to date, David P. Currie analyzes from a legal perspective the work of the first six congresses and of the executive branch during the Federalist era, with a view to its significance for constitutional interpretation. He concludes that the original understanding of the Constitution was forged not so much in the courts as in the legislative and executive branches, an argument of crucial importance for scholars in constitutional law, history, and government.
"A joy to read."—Appellate Practive Journal and Update
"[A] patient and exemplary analysis of the work of the first six Congresses."—Geoffrey Marshall, Times Literary Supplement


Metro has a multi-layered cache: you can set up multiple caches to be used by Metro instead of one. This has several advantages, on this page we will explain how the caches work.
Why Cache?
Caches give big performance benefits, they can increase the speed of a bundler with more than tenfold. However, many systems use a non-persistent cache. With Metro we have a more sophisticated way of caching with a layer system. For example, we can store the cache on a server. Because of this all bundlers connected to the same server can use the shared cache. As a result the initial build time for CI servers and local development become significantly lower.
We want to store caches in multiple places as to always have a cache to fallback to. That's why there is a multi-layered cache system.
Cache Fetching & Saving
There is an ordering mechanism to determine which cache to use. For retrieving a cache we go through the caches from top to bottom until we find a result, for saving a cache we do the same until we find a store that has the cache.
Let's say you have two cache stores: one on a server and one on your local file system. You would specify that in this way:
const config = {
cacheStores: [
new FileStore({/*opts*/}),
new NetworkStore({/*opts*/})
Metro will first look into the FileStore when we retrieve a cache. If it can't find the cache there it will check NetworkStore, and so on. Finally if there's no cache there it will generate a new cache itself. As soon as the cache has been generated, Metro will go again from top to bottom to store the cache in all stores. This also happens if a cache is found. For example, if Metro finds a cache in the NetworkStore it will store it in FileStore as well.


text:
El-Maleh, Aiman, Khursheed, Syed Saqib and M. Sait, Sadiq
Efficient Static Compaction Techniques for Sequential Circuits Based on Reverse Order Restoration and Test Relaxation.
At Asian Test Symposium
In this paper we present efficient Reverse Order Restoration (ROR) based static test compaction techniques for synchronous sequential circuits. Unlike previous ROR techniques that rely on vector-by-vector fault-simulation based restoration of test subsequences, our technique restores test sequences based on efficient test relaxation. The restored test subsequence can be either concatenated to the compacted test sequence, as in previous approaches, or merged with it. Furthermore, it allows the removal of redundant vectors from the restored subsequences using State Traversal technique and incorporates schemes for increasing the fault coverage of restored test subsequences to achieve an overall higher level of compaction. In addition, test relaxation is used to take ROR out of saturation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
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Grizzly Bear vs Siberian Tiger Fight – Who Will Win?
Grizzly Bear vs Siberian Tiger
What if two of the most ferocious wild animals ever—a Grizzly Bear and a Siberian Tiger—go to battle? Grizzly Bears are the top predator in the North American wild. These giants are a subspecies of the brown bear. The Siberian Tiger is native to the remote forests of Siberia. Let's compare the two giants to find out who will be crowned as our ultimate winner if there was a fight between them.
Let's get to know our fighters
Grizzly Bear
Grizzly Bear
Grizzly Bears are giant beasts with great physical strength. They are a smaller subspecies of the brown bear. Native to the jungles of North America, the grizzly bear sits on top of the food chain. Grizzly bears get their name from their white-tipped or grizzled fur. Today, these brown bears are found in North America and Canada.
The Siberian Tiger, as the name suggests, is native to the region of Siberia, Russia. Some are also found in China and North Korea. They are one of the largest wild cats. Siberian tigers are intelligent and aggressive creatures. They prefer to live and hunt alone. Today, they are close to extinction, found mostly in zoos.
A full-grown male Grizzly bear can weigh a massive 800 pounds. Their average shoulder height ranges from 3 ft 6 inch to 4 ft 1 inch, while the head and body length lie between 7 ft 1 inch to 7 ft 8 inch. The average lifespan of a Grizzly bear is around 25 years in the wild.
Siberian Tiger
Siberian Tiger
A Siberian tiger is somewhat small in size when compared to a Grizzly bear. They may weigh about 660 pounds. The average shoulder height lies somewhere between 3 ft to 3 ft 3 inches. The head and body length amount to 7 ft 4 inches. They can survive for 15 to 18 years in the wild.
Grizzly bears mostly prey on salmon fish, birds, elk, moose, bison, and deer. They are also known to hunt black bears. Being omnivorous, they also eat fruits, wild berries, roots, and insects. Although they are solitary creatures, they do come together in groups during salmon season.
Siberian tigers are carnivores. They commonly prey on wild boar, moose, elk, Siberian musk deer, and Manchurian wapitiOpens in a new tab., which is a kind of elk native to east Asia. They are also known to hunt Asiatic black bears and brown bears.
Comparing features of a Grizzly Bear and Siberian Tiger
Features Grizzly Bears Siberian Tigers
Habitat North America and Canada Siberia, Russia
Type Mammals Mammals
Scientific name Ursus arctos horribilis Panthera tigris altaica
Family Ursidae Felidae
Genus Ursus Panthera
Diet Omnivore Carnivore
Weight 800 pounds 660 pounds
Head and body height 7 ft 8 inch 7 ft 4 inch
Shoulder height 4 ft 1 inch 3 ft 3 inch
Status Least concern Endangered
Lifespan 25 years 15 to 18 years
Strengths and weaknesses of the two beasts – Bear vs Tiger
Both Grizzly Bears and Siberian Tigers are powerful beasts of the wild. If there was a hypothetical fight between a Grizzly bear and a Siberian tiger, who will emerge as our ultimate winner?
Let's explore their strengths and weaknesses to find out.
If we compare weight, the scales tip on a Grizzly bear's side. A Grizzly bear weighs a massive 800 pounds, whereas a Siberian tiger weighs up to 660 pounds. Even though the Siberian tiger is the largest of its species, a Grizzly has a slight advantage in size.
When it comes to speed, the Siberian tiger is way ahead. It can run at a top speed of 60 miles per hour. The Grizzly bear's top speed is only 35 miles an hour. The Siberian tiger is the faster animal with the ability to outrun the bear any day.
Let's compare the bite force of the two animals. The Grizzly bear boasts a powerful bite force of 1200 pounds per square inch. On the other hand, the Siberian tiger has a bite force of 1050 pounds per square inch. This is slightly weaker.
Which of the two animals has the sharpest claws, which can cause maximum damage? The Grizzly bear and the Siberian tiger are equally matched in this category. Both have deadly claws of equal size of 4 inches.
Now let's look at their fangs or teeth to find out who can land the fatal bite. An adult Grizzly bear has sharp fangs that can go up to 3 inches in length. A Siberian tiger has long and deadly canines, which maybe 2.5 to 3 inches long. They are perfectly suited to tearing flesh.
When it comes to appetite, the Grizzly bear eats a lot more than the Siberian tiger. A Grizzly bear consumes 90 pounds of food per day, to keep up its massive bodyweight of 800 pounds. A Siberian tiger eats 60 lbs of meat per day on an average.
Who is the most deadly killer of the two? Although Siberian tigers are infamous as man-eaters, stats say that they kill only one person every year on an average.
Humans are easy prey for tigers, which have gotten old and weak, but the Siberian wilderness is a remote and sparse region. This means fewer casualties. When it comes to Grizzly bears, nearly 3 people in North America and Canada are killed by bear attacks every year on an average.
Category Grizzly Bear Siberian Tiger
Weight 800 pounds 660 pounds
Top speed in m/h 35 miles per hour 60 miles per hour
Bite force in psi 1200 pounds per square inch 1050 pounds per square inch
People killed every year 3 people 1 person
Claws 4 inches 4 inches
Fangs or teeth 3 inches 2.5 to 3 inches
Average appetite 90 lbs food in a day 60 lbs meat in a day
Does geographical location matter?
In a Grizzly bear vs Siberian tiger fight, how much does the environment matter? It matters quite a lot.
The environment can play a big role in such a fight. The Grizzly bear and the Siberian tiger come from two completely different parts of the world.
The Grizzly bear is a native species of North America. The climate is cold in this region, with dense forests and mountainous terrain. The Siberian tiger is found in Siberia, Russia. It knows the harsh Siberian landscape well.
Who has a better chance of success in a fight will also depend upon the battleground. The Grizzly bear is a physical giant, with great body strength. However, it falls behind when it comes to killer hunting skills and speed.
The Siberian tiger, who has mastered the art of surviving in the harsh Siberian wilderness, is the master hunter. It has the advantage of stealth, strength, and skill.
Grizzly Bear vs. Siberian Tiger: Who is our ultimate champion?
A Grizzly Bear and a Siberian Tiger are almost equally matched in strengths and weaknesses. If the two go head to head, it is sure to be an intense battle.
Will the mighty and powerful Grizzly bear defeat the deadly Siberian Tiger? Or will it be the other way around? Let's stack the odds and find out our ultimate champion!
Siberian tigers are one of the most deadly predators ever. They rule the Siberian wild, being the largest among the big cats. They are adept hunters, master of stealth, and skill. Grizzly bears are more inclined towards finding food that's easily available in the wild. They can survive on fruits, berries, and insects.
Siberian tigers are way faster than Grizzly bears. They can run at a top speed of 60 miles per hour, chasing their prey to death. A Grizzly is not a good runner, used to the forest and mountainous landscape of North America.
Siberian tigers have been known to hunt the Asiatic black bear as well as brown bears. They have an experience of hunting large prey when pressed for food. Although Grizzly bears also hunt black bears on rare occasions, they prefer easier prey.
If it comes to a fist-fight, Grizzly bears have an unexpected advantage. They will be safe from any battle wounds. They are huge in size with lots of body fat. These act as cushions and keep the bear's main organs as the trachea and lungs protected.
Final Verdict: Grizzly Bear vs Siberian Tiger
The Grizzly Bear and the Siberian Tiger live in two different parts of the globe. They are too far apart to ever meet in real life and go head to head. However, what if there was a hypothetical battle between the two? What will be the last animal standing?
Do you have any guesses yet on who's the winner? Here's our final verdict.
When compared to Siberian tigers, Grizzly bears definitely have the advantage of size. They are bigger and heavier. They have strong paws that can do good damage to their opponent. Their body fat also keeps them safe from enemy blows. But is brawn enough to win such a battle?
The Siberian tiger has the advantage of brains along with brawn. It is the master of stealth, sneaking up


Is There A Difference Between An Angry Customer and A Hostile One?
Yes, there is. And, it's an important difference since you will choose to manage an angry customer in a different way than a hostile one.
Anger is a human emotion, and we all experience it. You can't eliminate it in others, and often, provided the customer isn't "acting out", or being attacking in a personal way, you let it run its course. The problem you might face isn't anger, but how the customer chooses to express the anger.
Hostile Customer Behavior From Customers Is Different
Here's a short excerpt from
If It Wasn't For The Customers I'd Really Like This Job: Stop Angry, Hostile Customers COLD While Remaining Professional, Stress Free, Efficient and Cool As A Cucumber
There is a difference between reasonable expressions of anger (angry behavior) which is short lived and not aimed at you personally, and unacceptable behavior that we call hostile or abusive behavior. Not only are they different, but we may choose to handle these two different situations in different ways.
Hostile and abusive is intended, consciously or unconsciously, to have some or all of the following effects:
 - Put you off balance
 - Manipulate and control you
 - Demean you in some way
 - Cause you to feel guilty
 - Cause you to experience other negative emotions
 - Intimidate you
It's this kind of behavior that causes the greatest amount of stress for people who serve customers, because it involves ranting, insulting, and using intimidation tactics. Abusive behavior, because of the intent to elicit a reaction, involves pushing the buttons of customer service staff, making it more likely they will do something to makes the situation worse, not better.
While you may tolerate some degree of angry behavior without being concerned, hostile and abusive is something you do not want to accept. The primary goal, with abusive situations, is to cause the abusive behavior to stop. Once that occurs then you can work to reduce the angry feelings of the customer, and address his or her problem. You cannot help a person who is acting out or being abusive. It's virtually impossible. So, first stop the bad behavior (and we'll teach you how).
There are different "containers for abusive and hostile behavior, starting with verbal abuse.
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text:
|Korcula.NET > Places on the island - Korcula - Moreška dance|
|THE MORESKA DANCE
Moreska is pronounced 'Moreska'. It means 'Moorish'. The word is derived from the Spanish adjective 'Morisco' or the Italian 'Moresco'. It is a matter of conjecture whether the dance came to the Adriatic directly from Spain through roving Spanish sailors, or from Sicily or Italy when Dalmatia formed part of the Venetian Republic whether it was originally a Moorish dance or a Spanish one, inspired by the struggle of Spanish Christians against the Moors is also debatable though the latter seems the most likely. We do know for certain that it is one of the oldest traditional European dances still performed, and that records exist of it being danced in Lerida in 1156 in a form portraying a Christian and National victory over the Moors and their expulsion from Aragon.
From the 12th century and particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries, the dance spread to many Mediterranean countries: to Italy, Corsica, Sicily, Malta, France and, through Spanish trade, to Flanders, Germany and even to England. It was subject to frequent local variations, in regard to plot, protagonists and eventually also to form. In Corsica it was danced by eighty swordsmen on each side, armed with two swords apiece, who did battle for the town of Mariana to the music of a solo violin; in Elba the engagement was between Christians and Turks, in other places between Arabs and Turks; sometimes the damsel in distress was a white maiden of royal blood, sometimes a Turkish or Moorish one of equal innocence and beauty. In Ferrara a dragon was introduced who tried to devour the damsel and there were many later versions which degenerated from the original war-dance (intrinsically a useful sword practice and 'keep-fit' class for the warriors of small island or coastal garrisons for whom good swordsmanship and alertness meant their survival) into a form of folk drama, and eventually into the dance interludes of pastoral plays and Italian opera. In Germany the Moreska, though called Moriskentanze, became a mere collection of local folk dances and in England the Morris (l.e. Moorish) dancers threw away their swords and substituted long wooden sticks which they fought with and over which they hopped. In most of the Mediterranean the Moreska survived until the end of the 18th century, and in Italy and Dalmatia till the close of the 19th.
Today, Korcula is the only island where it is still danced with real swords in its original War-Dance form and where it has enjoyed a proud and almost unbroken tradition for over four centuries, though the text, music and pattern of the dance have been slightly altered and shortened (the contest used to last for two hours!) over the years.
The introduction to the dance is a short drama in blank verse which sets the scene -- four characters recite the verses: the enemy or the Black King, his father, Otmanovic, (a kind of Balkan mediator), the Hero or the White King, and the Bula or Moslem maiden, who is a peace-maker as well as a heroine (and a possible convert to Christianity?).
The Moreska arrived in Korcula in the 16th century, at the same time as it did in Dubrovnik, most probably from Sicily or Southern Italy, via Venice. An indication of this is that two of the dance "figures" have Italian names: the "Rujer" and the "Rujer di fori via". "Ruggero" was the name of a Sicilian war-dance, a version of the Moreska, in which the Saracens are shown fighting against the Norman Prince Ruggiero d'Altavilla -- a powerful family who ruled over Sicily and Southern Italy in the 11th and 12th centuries, which suggests a possible link. There are, however, no written records of the Korculan dance until the beginning of the 18th century. Latterly and up to the first World War the Moreska was "fought" only every few years -- protagonists were often wounded and replaced by'seconds' during the dance -- between 1918 and 1939 it was performed every year under the aegis of the Gymnastic Society of Korcula. Nowadays it is an exclusive Society (and 'club') of its own and the Moreska is performed much more frequently for the benefit of the many tourists who visit the Island. Every family in Korcula is proud to have one of its members dance in the Moreska, especially one of the key roles, which demand considerable talent and stamina. When the Black or the White Kings "retire" they are allowed to keep their crowns and these become valued family possessions.
During the second World war costumes, swords, even musical scores and instruments had all been lost in the bombing and fighting and for the first time in its history only very young lads of between twelve and seventeen were available to dance the Moreska, and they had to be taught from scratch.
It was the undefeatable and indefatigable spirit of Ivo Lozica, the town barber, and Bozo Jerirevic, a school-teacher, with the help of a local policeman, Zdravko Stanic, and Josip Svoboda the conductor of the town orchestra, that somehow got the Moreska dancing again and in a very short time the poor, thin undernourished youths were growing into splendid young men and were taking the Moreska to youth conferences and festivals at home and abroad.
THE MORESKA DANCE
The revised score of the Moreska was composed by Krsto Odak who, working with Josip Svoboda, conductor of the town orchestra at the time, reconstructed an earlier score lost in the war. The Moreska from Korcula opens with a scene in which the Black King is seen dragging the captured Bula (Moslem maiden) along in chains trying to persuade her to respond to his love. The Bula refuses because she loves the White King and knows that he loves her.
The White King and his army and the Black King's army with banners and swords enter from either side. The two Kings confront each other and a dialogue of hurled insults and scorn ensues. The Kings are the first to cross swords while their armies stand facing each other and ready for battle. When the White King calls on his men to fight, the two armies clash swords and then break away from one another in order to make way for the Dance of the Black King, the graceful but menacing 'Sfida'. In this dance, which is performed in 6/8 rhythm, the Black King challenges the White King to a contest. The White King accepts the challenge, and then the Black King's father, Otmanovic and a soldier from the White King's army join the fight. They dance in a circle threatening one another with swords. The soldier withdraws leaving the two Kings and Otmanovic. At a given moment both armies, who are facing each other, leap forward and clash swords and then the Black King, still dancing, forms a circle with all the soldiers of both armies gradually joining in.
After this, seven Kolaps or "strokes" of the Moreska are danced in different and complicated rhythms and patterns and all are performed within this circle. The fight consists of alternating sword thrusts and parries. It is performed in pairs, i.e. one White against one Black fighter.
The seventh Kolap is performed in a speedy 4/4 rhythm and the swords clashes are fast and furious. The Black soldiers, facing outwards, defend themselves from within the circle which becomes smaller and tighter as they withdraw from the charges of the White army. Finally the Black soldiers fall down wounded, dying and defeated, laying their swords at their enemy's feet. The Black King admits defeat and surrenders, the White King, the Victor, frees the Bula from her chains and kisses her.
The following dialogue is translated from pat of the 19th century Croatian text of The Moreska published in Zadar in 1869.
Bula: Leave me alone! Your demands are in vain My charms belong to another man. Sweet Osman, my beloved, If you could see now How my heart is breaking And full of sorrow for you! Although this odious steel Binds my hands, My heart is always with you And yours with me. I shall bear you in my heart As long as I have life. Moro: Stop wailing, my lady I have had enough! It is painful for me to listen When you call my opponent your pride Here, in front of my face But I bear and endure it all For the love I feel for you My dear nymph, I give you my heart For your sweet charms. Bula: If you will But one favour grant me, All I ask Is that you stop loving me. Of far more pain for me Is your unwanted love Than the steel That weighs upon my hands. Moro: I will not leave you Nor will I stop loving you. I love honorably your everlasting beauty. Ask whatever you wish, Even my father's kingdom. Drums are heard. Enter the White Army. Otmanovic: There is no fear in Otmanovic! Osman: Do not trust your sword Without honour and without honesty. Treacherously, you wished to steal My betrothed, by torturing her. Where is your knightly honesty, Where your bravery


The fiscal consequences of ADHD in Germany: a quantitative analysis based on differences in educational attainment and lifetime earnings
Nikolaos Kotsopoulos*, Mark P. Connolly, Esther Sobanski, Maarten J. Postma
*Bijbehorende auteur voor dit werk
OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review
11 Citaten (Scopus)
Objective: To estimate the long-term fiscal consequences of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the German government and social insurance system based on differences in educational attainment and the resulting differences in lifetime earnings compared with non-ADHD cohorts.
Methods: Differences in educational attainment between ADHD and non-ADHD cohorts were linked to education-specific earnings data. Direct and indirect tax rates and social insurance contributions were linked to differences in lifetime, education-specific earnings to derive lost tax revenue in Germany associated with ADHD. For ADHD and non-ADHD cohorts we derived the age-specific discounted net taxes paid by deducting lifetime transfers from lifetime gross taxes paid.
Results: The lifetime net tax revenue for a non-ADHD individual was approximately 80,000 higher compared to an untreated ADHD individual. The fiscal burden of untreated ADHD, based on a cohort of n=31,844 born in 2010, was estimated at 2.5 billion in net tax revenue losses compared with an equally-sized non-ADHD cohort. ADIAD interventions providing a small improvement in educational attainment resulted in fiscal benefits from increases in lifetime tax gains.
Conclusions: ADHD results in long-term financial loss due to lower education attainment and lifetime reduced earnings and resulting lifetime taxes and social contributions paid. Investments in ADHD interventions allowing more children to achieve their educational potential may offer fiscal benefits generating a positive rate of return.
Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)27-33
Aantal pagina's7
TijdschriftJournal of Mental Health Policy and Economics
Nummer van het tijdschrift1
StatusPublished - mrt-2013
Citeer dit


text:
Identification and Control of Calcium and Solids Fouling in a Packed Tower Steam Stripper
Abstract:Wastewater from a solid dosage pharmaceutical manufacturing plant and research activities are combined and processed through an onsite wastewater pre-treatment system. The system consists of pH control and packed tower steam stripping. Solids accumulation and scale formation within the conveyance and treatment system adversely impacts performance. A comprehensive sampling program of the wastewater conveyance and treatment system was conducted to identify and determine the source of the fouling. Standard analytical analysis and Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) were employed for scale and source identification. USEPA's MINEQL+ chemical speciation model and Watercycle™ (scaling and corrosion model) were utilized to better understand the fate of calcium within the wastewater treatment and conveyance system. Bench scale tests were used to determine the appropriate chemistry for cleaning the fouled media within the treatment system. Results of the modeling and bench scale tests indicated citric and sulfamic acid were effective in cleaning fouled media and is an effective calcium scaling control agent.
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: January 1, 2009
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OpenMP topic: Offloading
Experimental html version of downloadable textbook, see
\[ \newcommand\inv{^{-1}}\newcommand\invt{^{-t}} \newcommand\bbP{\mathbb{P}} \newcommand\bbR{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand\defined{ \mathrel{\lower 5pt \hbox{${\equiv\atop\mathrm{\scriptstyle D}}$}}} \] 27.1.1 : Targets and tasks
27.2 : Data on the device
27.3 : Execution on the device
Back to Table of Contents
27 OpenMP topic: Offloading
This chapter explains the mechanisms for offloading work to a GPU.
The memory of a processor and that of an attached GPU are not coherent : there are separate memory spaces and writing data in one is not automatically reflected in the other.
OpenMP transfers data (or maps it) when you enter an construct.
_TAG_ omp target
 // do stuff on the GPU
You can test whether the target region is indeed executed on a device with omp_is_initial_device :
_TAG_ omp target
 if (omp_is_initial_device()) printf("Offloading failed\n");
27.1.1 Targets and tasks
crumb trail: > omp-gpu
The target task. This is a task running on the host, dedicated to managing the offloaded region.
The by a new initial task. This is distinct from the initial task that executes the main program.
The task that created the target task is called the generating task.
By default, the generating task is blocked while the task on the device is running, but adding the This requires a taskwait directive to synchronize host and device.
27.2 Data on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Data on the device
 - Scalars are treated as they are copied in but not out.
 - Stack arrays
 - Heap arrays are not mapped by default.
For explicit mapping with
_TAG_ omp target map(...)
 // do stuff on the GPU
The following map options exist:
 - map(to: x,y,z) copy from host to device when entering the target region.
 - map(from: x,y,z) copy from devince to host when exiting the target region.
 - map(tofrom: x,y,z) is equivalent to combining the previous two.
 - map(allo: x,y,z) allocates data on the device.
Fortran note
If the compiler can deduce the array bounds and size, it is not necessary to specify them in the 'map' clause.
Data transfer to a device is probably slow, so mapping the data at the start of an offloaded section of code is probably not the best idea. Additionally, in many cases data will stay resident on the device throughout several iterations of, for instance, a time-stepping PDE solver. For such reasons, it is possible to move data onto, and off from, the device explicitly, using the
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(to: x,y)
_TAG_ omp target
 // do something
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(from: x,y)
Also (synchronize data from host to device), (synchronize data to host from device).
27.3 Execution on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Execution on the device
For parallel execution of a loop on the device use the
_TAG_ omp target teams distribute parallel do
On GPU devices and the like, there is a structure to threads:
 - threads are grouped in and they can be synchronized only within these teams;
 - teams are groups in and no synchronization between leagues is possible inside a target region.
The combination teams distribute splits the iteration space over teams. By default a static schedule is used, but the option However, this combination only gives the chunk of space to the master thread in each team. Next we need parallel for or parallel do to spread the chunk over the threads in the team.
Back to Table of Contents


text:
imoles' of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols (like we have) are oxidized to ketones in excellent yields.
A'mole' is very large number of molecules (6x1023). The actual number is not important, what is important is that a mole of one substance contains the exact same number of molecules as a mole of any other. A mole of lead weighs 207.2 grams, and its molecular weight is 207.2. A mole of ibuprofen weighs 206.28 grams, mw=206.28. A mole of pseudoephedrine (mw=165.23) weighs 165.23 grams. So if I choose to start with 2 grams of pseudoephedrine, (or 2 x 1/165.23 moles =.0121 moles = 12.1 millimoles), and each mL of the jones reagant oxides 4 millimoles, I will need 12.1 / 4mL of Jones reagant, or 3.03 mL. I will prepare exactly 4mL of the reagent, since I am bound to lose a small amount in the glassware and on the table!
So we only need 4/100 of the 26.72 grams of CrO3 (chromium trioxide) and 23ml H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) to make our needed 4mL of reagent. Half molar amounts of sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate or ammonium dichromate may be substituted. This is because each molecule of CrO3 (mw=99.994) has one chromium atom in the +6 state (that is with 6 bonds, 2 to each of 3 oxygens). Each molecule of sodium dichromate - Na2Cr2O7·2H2O (mw 298) has 2 chromiums in the +6 state (and the chromium is our oxidant in this case). In this example the 1.068 (4/100 x 26.72) grams of CrO3 = 1.068/99.994 or 10.68 millimoles. 10.68/2 mmoles is needed of sodium dichromate. So 5.34 mmoles = 298 x 0.00534 = 1.59 grams. So 1.59 grams of sodium dichromate may be used in place of 1.068 grams of CrO3 (chromium trioxide).
Part 2 - Oxidizing the Alcohol to a Ketone
Lets get to work. 1.068 grams (I used just over 1 gram) CrO3 are added to 0.92ml H2SO4, and distilled water is added to bring the total volume to 4ml. 2 grams of pseudoephedrine are dissolved in 20ml acetone, and cooled in an ice bath. The Jones reagant is slowly added to the pseudoephedrine, dropwise and with stirring. The mixture becomes a reddish brown.
Since we used just about the exact number of molecules required, and under very mild conditions, the reaction will proceed slowly, but very smoothly. Just let the ice melt and the stirred solution warm over night.
Part 3 - Extracting the Ketone
About 12-18 hours later the reaction is complete, the color is now a very dark green. We now have to neutarlize and extract our ketone. Add about 20mL of water, and chill in an ice bath. Dropwise and with stirring add about 1 gram of lye (Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH) in a solution with as little water as possible (highly concentrated). Check the pH regularly, and stop at pH=12. The now basic solution is shaken with 50ml of toluene. Allow to stand and two layers will form. The ketone will move into the toluene layer. Let the mix settle and remove the acetone/toluene/ketone and put it aside. Add another 50mL portion of toluene to the aqueous (water-based) portion, shake, filter (which breaks the emulsion and removes some chromium salts), and remove and put aside the toluene. Ensure that pH is still 12, and repeat again with another 50mL portion of toluene.
Combine the three toluene extractions and evaporate them with a hair dryer. The result is the impure ketone of pseudoephedrine, also know as methcathinione or ephedrone.
We used very gentle oxidation, neutralization, extraction, and evaporation conditions. Shortcuts can be used (no ice, evaporate with some heat, etc.), but good lab practice is never to stress the substrate needlessly. So we were careful.
The raw "dirty" methcathinone weighs about 1.7 grams
It is purified by adding just enough tolene to redissolve it. Some particles will not dissolve, and are left in the drying dish. The toluene is filtered to remove any additional particles, poured back into the separation funnel and shaken with an equal amount of distilled water. This removes any small amount of water solubles. The toluene is put into a clean dish and dried once again. The impurities are more soluble in acetone than the ephedrone, so a very small amout of acetone is added, and sloshed around. Pour this off into the waste (original green mix). What's left is a little over 1 gram (about 60% yield) of relatively pure, slightly off-white methcathinone.
Better chemists can expect a much higher yield. This is a general procedure. The example given - Pseudoephedrine or Ephedrine to Methcatinone - is for illustrative purposes only. Oxidizing cold pills is illegal, and makes a lousy drug anyway.
After the oxidation/stirring-time has expired and the methcathinone is in solution ready to be extracted, before adding 25% NaOH, add about five milliliters of isopropylalcohol (store bought of any concentration is fine, exact measurements not really needed [ballpark figure is fine]) to the mix. Stir for about ten minutes more (mixture may or may not get warm) and then cool the solution which hasn't changed much in appearance, add a volume of toluene equivalent to the solution, start stirring mixture while in an ice-bath, and add the appropriate amount of base. Stirring should be done for about two minutes only. Allow the layers to separate (the top toluene layer should be cloudy and the bottom chromium solution should be totally green) and do final work-up as usual. Yes, you bet your ass that there is NO SLUDGE! What happens is this: The IPA neutralizes the remaining chromic acid in solution that normally, if based, would form the sludge. But since there is no remaining chromic acid, the only thing that forms is the water soluble basic chromium hydroxide. Two SMOOTH layers will form. All you have to do is separate the bottom one, and you're good to go. Trust me on this one. It took forever to figure out, but it does work. There are a few problems that can arise but only if your starting ephedrine isn't pure. Aside from that, you should have no trouble. Really.
A solution composed of 0.99g of sodium dichromate and 1.33g of concentrated sulfuric acid dissolved in 4.46mL of water is added slowly with stirring to 1.65 g of l-ephedrine dissolved in 4.7mL of water and 0.52mL of concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for an additional 4-6 hours and then made alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous mixture is extracted with two volumes of chloroform and then with two volumes of ether. The organic extracts containing the free base of l-methcathinone are combined, treated with an excess of dry hydrogen chloride gas and the solvents evaporated. The residual l-methcathinone hydrochloride is stirred with petroleum ether, collected and purified by dissolving in ethanol and reprecipitating with ether; mp 182-184°C.


text:
What is Dex ransomware?
Dex ransomware is a virus that infects important files found on the system. Locked files have a ".dex" extension at the end of the file names. The extension marks files that cannot be opened. After infecting important files, virus creates a note that it sends to folders where there are infected files:


text: This armor can be identified by its decoration as having belonged to Pedro II (reigned 1683–1706). The decoration includes the crowned monogram PR for Pedro Rex (Pedro the King) and the cross of the commander of the Order of Christ, a hereditary office held by the kings of Portugal.Harquebusiers were armored cavalrymen generally equipped with a carbine (known as a harquebus) carried at the right side on a shoulder belt, a pair of pistols holstered at the front of the saddle, and a sword. This form of armor, consisting of a triple-barred helmet, a cuirass with a bulletproof reinforcing breastplate, and an elbow gaunlet, was commonplace in England up to about 1645. The armor of King Pedro is significant not only as a very late example of this type but also as the probable work of the London armorer Richard Holden. A very similar armor made by Holden in 1686 for James II of England (reigned 1685–88) is in the Royal Armouries in the Tower of London. The armor is shown with an associated buff coat. This sturdy leather defense, which provided effective protection against sword cuts, was worn throughout the seventeenth century, first in conjunction with armor and later alone.


text:
What is Blue Flag programme?
AD Marina Bar has been awarded a Blue Flag in June 2017. The Blue Flag is an environmental award
given to marinas making a special effort to implement sound management with respect to the local
environment and nature, and providing users with information on environmental issues. To attain the Blue Flag, the marina has to comply with a number of criteria concerning environmental information and education, environmental management, safety and service facilities, and water quality.
The Blue Flag is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), a non-governmental environmental organisation and is represented by national organisations in each of the participating
countries around the world.
- The Blue Flag is an environmental award for beaches and marinas
- The Blue Flag is concerned with four main areas:
- Environmental education and information
- Environmental management
- Safety and service facilities
- Water quality
- The Blue Flag is only awarded for one season at a time and the award is only valid as long as the criteria are fulfilled. When this is not the case, the persons responsible at the local level must remove the Blue Flag;
- The national FEE organisation conducts control visits to the Blue Flag sites during the season.
You can help the programme by also taking action to protect the environment:
- Follow instructions of the code of conduct at the marina
- Use environmentally-friendly products for paints, detergents, chemicals etc. Report any pollution or other violations of environmental regulations to the authorities
- Save water, electricity and fuel
- Encourage other sailors to take care of the environment.