Organic Nitrogen Sources for Sweetpotatoes: Production Potential and Economic Feasibility
Project Overview
Project Type: Research and Education
Funds awarded in 1992: $105,000.00
Projected End Date: 12/31/1995
Matching Non-Federal Funds: $50,720.00
ACE Funds: $15,000.00
Region: Southern
State: North Carolina
Principal Investigator:
Wanda W. Collins
North Carolina State University, Horticultural Science
Annual Reports
 - Agronomic: general grain crops
 - Production Systems: general crop production
 Crimson clover, used as a winter cover crop, was tested as a source of nitrogen fertilizer to grow sweetpotatoes. Winter green manures offer a more stable soil nitrogen supply due to the time involved in decomposition to release nutrients, and have the potential to decrease nitrate leaching. Clover resulted in yields equivalent to the commercially recommended rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Measures of sweetpotato quality, including the storability and sprouting of roots the following spring for plant production, were the same for clover and inorganic fertilizer. In one location root protein levels were lower resulting from the clover treatment than the fertilizer treatment, but since yields were the same, and there is no premium for protein, the value of the sweetpotatoes was the same. In other tests crimson clover supplied as much or more N than the commercial fertilizer recommendation with no differences in root protein.
 Crimson clover was also tested as a nitrogen source in two year rotational systems of corn followed by sweetpotatoes and sweetpotatoes followed by corn. It was compared to no nitrogen fertilizer, half the recommended rate and the recommended rate for both crops and analyzed to see if there was any nitrogen carryover from one crop to the next that resulted in yield differences. High indigenous nitrogen fertility of the soils resulted in yield decreases due to the addition of either source of nitrogen in the first year for the sweetpotatoes. In the second year there were no differences in sweetpotato yield for any of the nitrogen levels. Corn fertility in the first year did not affect the performance of the sweetpotatoes in the second year. Corn yield resulting from crimson clover incorporated just prior to corn planting was the same as the commercial nitrogen fertilizer rate in both years. However, there was a statistically significant reduction of corn yield following sweetpotatoes grown using crimson clover in the first year of the rotation. Nitrogen levels in the grain were the same as in the fertilizer treatment, indicating that nitrogen was present during grain maturation, but the corn matured slightly earlier, suggesting a delay in nitrogen availability, and hence a lower grain yield. This effect could not be separated out in the second test, and requires further investigation to see if it is consistent. Excluding this possible second year effect, crimson clover was sufficient as the sole source of nitrogen fertilizer for both corn and sweetpotato production.
 An economic analysis on the sweetpotato-corn and corn-sweetpotato rotations revealed inconsistent results. This was due in a large part to the high nitrogen fertility of the soils, such that adding nitrogen fertilizer caused sweetpotato yield reductions during the first year. The value and costs involved in sweetpotato production were much greater than those of the corn such that the profitability (or lack of) of the sweetpotatoes dominated the economic analysis. The only two year treatments that were better than using the commercial levels of nitrogen fertilizer were where sweetpotatoes were grown in the first year with no nitrogen fertilizer. In the second year, where sweetpotatoes followed corn, there were positive responses to nitrogen fertilizer. Adding no fertilizer was less profitable than adding some. The most profitable treatment was using crimson clover in the first year for corn followed by half the commercial rate of inorganic fertilizer for sweetpotatoes the second year. This resulted in a premium of $1751 over the commercial practice of using nitrogen fertilizer for both crops. The best rate of return per dollar was for the no nitrogen for corn – half nitrogen for sweetpotato treatment, which returned $1214 per hectare. Net economic gains of $1,000 or more per hectare were realized through nine of the twenty-four alternative nitrogen treatment-rotation strategies evaluated. Fifteen of the twenty-four treatments resulted in a positive economic change compared with the current practice. A majority of the fifteen positive net economic value changes (nine of fifteen) involved use of a cover crop as part of the alternative treatment. Economic analysis of treatment data indicates that the use of crimson clover as a cover crop would benefit a large number of local growers who rotate corn and sweetpotato in a planting sequence.
 Another study was aimed at investigating the physiological mechanisms involved in nitrogen use by sweetpotatoes. The response of sweetpotatoes to nitrogen fertilizer was split into two components: how well the plant can recover nitrogen from the soil and how well it can convert that nitrogen into storage roots. Clones high in one component are not necessarily high in the other. The concept behind this split is to pick the clones highest in each component and cross them to see if they can be combined into a higher yielding clone. When selection is based on yield only, some of the clones highest for one component are missed, and then so are some of the potentially best breeding combinations. This study measured the nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization ability of several sweetpotato varieties and found that there was variation among them for both components. An additional analysis was used to say which component was responsible for most of the variation, allowing breeders to focus resources on the component that will make the most difference. This was dependant on how yield was measured and on the level of nitrogen fertility. Results suggest it is worth making crosses based on the nitrogen components to see if yield ability can be increased and the inheritance of these traits be determined.


Merge between with timeseries in Pandas
Pandas dataframes are a great way of preserving relational database structure while gaining a huge API of vectorized functions for cleaning and analysis. However, I've always been frustrated by a lack of merge between functionality in pandas. So, I've come up with a fairly simple method for returning a merge-between-like result set with good runtime and manageable memory usage, that's also easy to parallelize.
Using SQL, I can easily perform a left join between two datasets on a between condition, that associates my left table key with all matching data from the right table. For example:
ON b.timestamp >= a.start_time
 AND b.timestamp <= a.end_time
will return all the rows in b that have timestamps between the start and end time for each row in a. Admittedly, it can be very slow, but it's a useful process. As of pandas.2, there's no simple way to perform this operation.
Pandas.2 does have merge_asof implemented, which matches a to the nearest entry on b in a specified direction. But for many data analysis applications, I don't want the closest entry, I want all the entries in between. For example, I might want to take the mean over a time period, or do a more sophisticated aggregation. Or, maybe my timestamps aren't perfectly aligned, so I'd rather pull in a range of data for each entry in a and perform an estimation from the values in b. Either way, merge_asof doesn't cut it.
If all the start and end times in a are distinct (no overlapping events), then I can easily interpolate the data in a and b by concatenating, sorting on the timestamp, and boolean masking for data that falls between a the same start and end, though the runtime isn't very good. I don't want to go through the extra data cleaning steps to make my data distinct — which may not be the right approach anyways. Instead, I'm going to use a little iterating and some fancy indexing to return an efficient merge-between-like result set. It's also naturally suited to parallelization, since I can do the operations in distinct chunks (like splitting time series data by date), group by a unique identifier from my left table, and return a condensed result set. Since the condensed result set is at most len(left table), and python clears memory between function calls, I can also manage memory usage by intelligent chunking, and process more data than I can load into working memory at any one time.
Let's create some random data using numpy's methods for sampling with replacement. In this example, I have a website selling merchandise, and three different ad campaigns promoting my website. The ad campaigns are running on multiple channels, and have different spot lengths. I want to know if during the ad spots, there's any notable activity on my website.
Let's say my website sells socks, shirts, pants, backpacks and pencils, and records the time when a user either clicks, adds an item to their cart, or purchases it. This is clearly a bit cleaner than any data you'll ever find in the wild, but gets the job done.
For my advertisement data, I'll assume my ads have three different sets of content, and can be 30, 45, or 60 seconds long. Each ad will also have a unique integer id.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
PRODUCTS = ['socks','shirt', 'pants', 'backpack', 'pencil']
ACTION_LIST = ['click', 'add_to_cart', 'purchase']
HOURS = [9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
AD_LENGTHS = [30, 45, 60]
AD_CONTENT = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
You can use pandas functions to create a series with times, but I want to demonstrate the functionality using timeseries data without any assumptions of regularity.
First, this means that I can use data of arbitrary length and sparsity/density. Many real-world time series data sets are naturally extremely long, with some dense and some sparse periods. Resampling (as much of the pandas documentation recommends) is extremely slow on long data sets. If some of my data is nanoseconds apart, and some of my data is hours apart, resampling to nanoseconds will create an absurdly huge dataframe. Resampling to minutes combines my denser data, and I want to preserve its granularity.
Second, this approach works on time series data after minimal data cleaning. A website might have multiple users performing actions at the same time, so duplicates are valid. I may be running two ads on different channels that overlap with each other — also valid.
The following generates two dataframes, one with my website information, and one with my advertisement information. The website dataframe has 10,000 rows, each representing an action on a product, and the ad dataframe has 200 rows, representing a unique advertisement than ran on 1/1/2017. The website dataframe is sorted by timestamp, and has a timestamp index.
# create a dataframe of random actions at random times
website_actions = pd.DataFrame(data={'product':np.random.choice(PRODUCTS, 10000),
 'action':np.random.choice(ACTION_LIST, 10000),
 'hour':np.random.choice(HOURS, 10000),
# all on the same date
website_actions['year'] = 2017
website_actions['month'] = 1
website_actions['day'] = 1
# coalesce all datetime columns into one timestamp
website_actions['timestamp'] = pd.to_datetime(website_actions[['year','month', 'day', 'hour','minute','second']])
# clean up the df and create a time index
website_actions.drop(['year','month', 'day', 'hour','minute','second'], axis=1, inplace=True)
website_actions = website_actions.sort_values('timestamp').set_index('timestamp')
# do the same thing for ad spots
advertisements = pd.DataFrame(data={'content':np.random.choice(AD_CONTENT, 200),
 'hour':np.random.choice(HOURS, 200),
 'minute':np.random.choice(60, 200),
 'second':np.random.choice(60, 200),
 'ad_length':np.random.choice(AD_LENGTHS, 200),
advertisements['year'] = 2017
advertisements['month'] = 1
advertisements['day'] = 1
advertisements['start_time'] = pd.to_datetime(advertisements[['year','month', 'day', 'hour','minute','second']])
advertisements['end_time'] = advertisements['start_time'] + pd.to_timedelta(advertisements['ad_length'], unit='s')
I try to never iterate over dataframes (or use apply), but in this case, it's necessary, since a given website row can correspond to arbitrarily many ads and vice versa. For each ad, we can index into the website dataframe between the start and end times to find the actions during the ad. If we label each slice with the unique ad id, we can simply concatenate all the slices together and return all the actions during each ad, labeled by the ad id.
ad_actions = []
# pass over the dataframe. Itertuples is the most efficient method, and we don't need an index
for tup in advertisements.itertuples(index=False):
 # use the advertisement start and end times to index into the website df
 site_slice = website_actions[tup.start_time:tup.end_time]
 # label the slice
 site_slice['id'] =
 # add it to the list of slices
# when we're done iterating, concatenate all the slices into our final dataframe
ad_actions = pd.concat(ad_actions)
As mentioned above, an advantage of this method is that you can define your own split-apply-combine functions to use on the chunks of data. Since we preserved the unique ad id for each slice of website data, we can group on the id and easily merge our final results back into the advertisement dataframe to do further aggregations.
One simple analysis task might be to determine which ad content generated the most revenue. Let's say we make $1 for every pair of socks we sell, $2.50 for every shirt, $3.25 for every pair of pants, and $2.75 for every backpack, and we lose $.05 for every pencil we sell. One way of looking at the effectiveness of an ad is comparing to what we could have sold to what we did sell. We could have sold anything that appears in our website dataframe, since that represents items people clicked on, items people added to their carts (but didn't checkout), and final sales. We sold anything that has action = 'purchase'.
# define product revenues
revenue_by_prod = {'socks':1,'shirt':2.5, 'pants':3.25, 'backpack':2.75, 'pencil':-.05}
# every row has potential revenue
ad_actions['potential_revenue'] = ad_actions['product'].replace(revenue_by_prod)
# but it only has real revenue if it was purchased
ad_actions['real_revenue'] = np.where(ad_actions['action'] == 'purchase', ad_actions['potential_revenue'], 0)
# compute the real and potential revenue by ad
revenue_by_ad = ad_actions.groupby('id')[['potential_revenue','real_revenue']].sum()
# missed is potential - real
revenue_by_ad['missed_revenue'] = revenue_by_ad['potential_revenue'] - revenue_by_ad['real_revenue']
# print


User Tools
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Importing Spreadsheet/CSV Data
Prepare Your Data
Clean the Spreadsheet/CSV file
 - One data type per column. If you want a column analysed as a number e.g. 60, 102.5, 3, etc remove text such as "n/a", "removed" etc. SOFA can cope with mixed data types by getting you to choose an overall type as you import (unless you select text, data of the other types is converted to missing values). But you will have to decide what to do for each and every column every time you import the data. So it is probably best to clean it before attempting an import.
 - One header row (or none) only. SOFA can't handle multiple header rows so tidy that up first
 - Unique field names. SOFA can handle duplicate field names (it appends 001, 002 etc to make the names unique) but it is probably better to make the names yourself.
 - Remove empty rows and columns at beginning. They may make the layout more appealing but SOFA expects the first row to be either the header row or the first data row.
 - Remove additional worksheets. SOFA is only set up to import a single worksheet.
 - (For CSV) - Get rid off blanks in your csv e.g.
 female,,43,Austria
 will treat the value after "female" as " ", not as a missing value. So change it to
 Notice the commas are right next to each other.
Structure the Data for Analysis
SOFA expects your data to be organised in a particular way. E.g. should I have gender as a field with 1s and 2s in it and height as another field or should I have a column of results e.g. height, for each gender? SOFA only works with the first structure. Check Structuring Data For Analysis if not sure or if there are problems.
Importing Local Data
SOFA Statistics currently supports importing data from Excel spreadsheets, ODS spreadsheets (OpenOffice Calc and Gnumeric etc), csv files and Google Docs spreadsheets.
 1. Click on the "Import Data" button on the main SOFA form
 2. To import local data, click on "Browse" and select csv, xls, or ods file
 3. Provide the data with a unique name by which SOFA Statistics can identify the data.
 Then click on the "Import" button to import the data into the default SOFA database "sofa_db" with the table name provided.
A video is available showing how to import CSV data: Importing CSV data video
A video is available showing how to import Open Document Format (ODF) spreadsheets: Importing Open Document Format (ODF) spreadsheets video
help/importing.txt · Last modified: 2015/10/31 03:21 by admin


text: The contact line is a special kind of power overhead line with multiple electrical connections of wires, which form a complex topology of the linear electrical circuit. Analytical models simplify the real topology of the contact line and it limits their functional application. It is possible to take into account the topology of contact line when using tools of computer simulation, but it entails complicating the computational algorithms of the model. The aim of this article is to determine the conditions for the application of current distribution models and the development prospects in this area. The article describes the existing models for calculating the current distribution in DC contact line: a model of natural current distribution, linear analytical models, model with an infinite number of droppers, a model with a direct application of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in matrix form, and a finite element model. The article contains the main provisions and calculation capabilities of each model. Contact line KS-250-3 acts as a calculation catenary for the comparison of current distribution models. You can use the results of the article to select the optimal design distribution model for the design of the contact line, thermal analysis, current-carrying capacity calculation, identification and elimination of «weak point».

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Bejeweled Blitz, is a popular matching game. Within the space of one minute, you must make as many matches as you can of gems (3 or more) of the same color. There are several things that can be done to increase your score as well as eliminate more gems. The items that help achieve this are called Power Gems, and there are two types, the Flame and the Star. The following tutorial will teach you how to get both.
1. Opening the appTap the Bejeweled Blitz icon on your chosen device. You can also play on Facebook if you choose.
2. PlayingTap Play to start the round. Remember, you can start making matches even before the timer starts.
3. Flame gemIn order to get the Flame Gem, you must match 4 of the same color gem by sliding up, down, left, or right in order to get 4 matching gems together. Slide the Flame Gem in line with 2 other gems of the same color and a 3 x 3 grid of gems will disappear.
4. Star gemFor this type of Power Gem, you will need to match 5 gems of the same color in a T or L pattern. This creates a Star Gem. Match the Star Gem to 2 or more gems of the same color. This eliminates all gems in the row and column that the Star Gem was in.


text:
Men's ski goggles Arnette
Men's ski goggles are an essential part of ski equipment. They prevent the penetration of dirt into the eyes, protect against harmful UV rays that we are exposed to on a slope far more intrusively than usual because we are closer to the sun and they also generally improve visibility, because when selecting the illuminating glasses, they lighten vision in poor conditions of visibility, while dark lenses eliminate bright sun rays. In both cases, however, they eliminate the negative effects and improve vision. Some goggles are equipped with ventilation holes, anti-fog layer, anti scratch protection and other features. Choose from our models from the world's leading manufacturers of ski equipment.


the server you have set up as the cache. When deleting outputs, either delete the entire cache, or delete old outputs.
The cached outputs are stored as a set of names and hashes. When deleting content, there's no way to distinguish which output belongs to a specific build.
You may want to delete content from the cache to:
 - Create a clean cache after a cache was poisoned
 - Reduce the amount of storage used by deleting old outputs
Unix sockets
The remote HTTP cache supports connecting over unix domain sockets. The behavior is similar to curl's --unix-socket flag. Use the following to configure unix domain socket:
build --remote_cache=
build --remote_cache_proxy=unix:/replace/with/socket/path
This feature is unsupported on Windows.
Disk cache
Bazel can use a directory on the file system as a remote cache. This is useful for sharing build artifacts when switching branches and/or working on multiple workspaces of the same project, such as multiple checkouts. Since Bazel does not garbage-collect the directory, you might want to automate a periodic cleanup of this directory. Enable the disk cache as follows:
build --disk_cache=/path/to/build/cache
You can pass a user-specific path to the --disk_cache flag using the ~ alias (Bazel will substitute the current user's home directory). This comes in handy when enabling the disk cache for all developers of a project via the project's checked in.bazelrc file.
Known issues
Input file modification during a build
When an input file is modified during a build, Bazel might upload invalid results to the remote cache. We implemented a change detection that can be enabled via the --experimental_guard_against_concurrent_changes flag. There are no known issues and we expect to enable it by default in a future release. See issue #3360 for updates. Generally, avoid modifying source files during a build.
Environment variables leaking into an action
An action definition contains environment variables. This can be a problem for sharing remote cache hits across machines. For example, environments with different $PATH variables won't share cache hits. Only environment variables explicitly whitelisted via --action_env are included in an action definition. Bazel's Debian/Ubuntu package used to install /etc/bazel.bazelrc with a whitelist of environment variables including $PATH. If you are getting fewer cache hits than expected, check that your environment doesn't have an old /etc/bazel.bazelrc file.
Bazel does not track tools outside a workspace
Bazel currently does not track tools outside a workspace. This can be a problem if, for example, an action uses a compiler from /usr/bin/. Then, two users with different compilers installed will wrongly share cache hits because the outputs are different but they have the same action hash. Please watch issue #4558 for updates.
Incremental in-memory state is lost when running builds inside docker containers Bazel use server/client architecture even when running in single docker container. On server side Bazel maintain in-memory state which speed up builds so when running builds inside docker containers e.g. in CI, in-memory state is lost so Bazel must rebuild it before using remote cache.
 - Your Build in a Datacenter: The Bazel team gave a talk about remote caching and execution at FOSDEM 2018.
 - Faster Bazel builds with remote caching: a benchmark: Nicolò Valigi wrote a blog post in which he benchmarks remote caching in Bazel.


text:
Katunayake a town is situated on the west coast of the island of Sri Lanka close to the commercial capital of Colombo. It is the site of Bandaranaike International Airport, the primary international air gateway to Sri Lanka. With the change of government in 1977 and the introduction of the open economy policy a large area was allocated to create a free trade zone.(Currently known as the Export Promotion Zone.)This created a large amount of job opportunities for the local youth and has contributed substantially towards the countries economy.
Domestic aviation in Sri Lanka has suffered a somewhat patchy history, mainly due to the civil conflict, which at its height lead to the banning of all non-military flights. Since the ceasefire in 2002, however, the industry has taken wing once again. Most popular is the flight to Jaffna. Our travel correspondent reports on her experiences flying the carrier ExpoAir on her recent journalistic mission north.
Glancing at a map of Sri Lanka it seems like a small enough island, similar in size to Tasmania in Australia or Ireland. Small enough that travelling around should not take so much time. Those who live here or have travelled in Sri Lanka, know this couldn't be further from the truth. Jaffna, the northern most point of the island, is 396km from the capital, yet it can take up to 13 hours by road. Not surprisingly, many people choose to make use of the quicker option provided by airlines such as ExpoAir.
Bandaranaike International Airport (IATA: CMB, ICAO: VCBI) is Sri Lanka's only international airport. It is located in Katunayake, 35 km (22 mi) north of Colombo. It is administered by Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd. It is the hub of SriLankan Airlines, the national carrier of Sri Lanka.
The airport began as a Royal Air Force base during the Second World War, RAF Negombo. In 1957, when SWRD Bandaranaike removed all the British Military Bases from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the base was handed over to the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) and renamed Katunayake. Part of it still remains an Air Force base.
In 1964 Anil Moonesinghe, the Minister of Communications, commenced the building of a new international airport to replace Ratmalana, with Canadian aid. The new airport was completed in 1967, and Air Ceylon, the National Carrier, commenced international operations from it using a Hawker Siddeley Trident and a leased BOAC BAC VC-10. The airport was also a Trans World Airlines (TWA) hub for a short time.
It was named Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA), after SWRD Bandaranaike, in 1970. It was renamed Katunayake International Airport in 1977 but was changed back to Bandaranaike International Airport in 1995.
In recent years, various expansion projects have been undertaken at Bandaranaike International Airport. A pier with eight aero-bridges opened in November 2005, the first of its kind in Sri Lanka.
On May 7, 2007 the Sri Lankan Government decided to shift some major military aviation out of the space adjoining the airport to Hingurakgoda, paving the way to more civilian operations. The airport is undergoing resurfacing of its runway.
Alphabetical Listings of Hotels in Katunayake Airport
RECOMMENDED HOTELS WITH DISCOUNT
ALL RATES DISPLAYED ARE EXCLUSIVE OF TAXES AND SERVICE CHARGE

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Oysters: Raw or Cooked? 8 Essential Tips About Oysters
- Article Author: Salvatore Cesareo
Going out on a date and wonder if oysters are it and more? A team of American and Italian researchers found out that the high concentration of amino acids present in the oysters flesh triggers an increased level of sex hormones, and their high level of zinc helps the production of testosterone.
So, there you have it! It's time to pile up a dozen or two of nice fresh oysters for the next romantic dinner.
But first let me give you 8 Essential Tips About Oysters
1. What is an oyster?
Oysters are bivalve molluscs which live in marine habitat. Oysters are commonly consumed cooked or raw and are considered to be aphrodisiacs. The edible oysters belong to the family of so called True Oysters and are not closely related to the Pearl Oysters.
2. Wild Vs. Farmed
Oysters can be harvested in very shallow waters by hand. When in deeper waters long rakes or oyster tongs are used to reach them. In either way the prestige is the same: the oysterman scrapes the oysters into a pile and then scoops them out.
The use of scallop dredge (a toothed bar attached to a chain bag) towed through the oyster bed by a boat is in some areas still permitted even though represents an environmental problem for the beds. Wild oysters can obviously be collected directly by divers.
Once the oysters are collected, they are sorted to eliminate dead animals, and debris. Then they are taken to market where they are either canned or sold live.
Oysters have been cultured since the Romans' time. Two are the methods commonly used:
- • Release: The release technique involves distributing oyster spat over existing oyster beds. This allows them to mature in a natural way and later be collected like wild oysters.
- • Bagging: The bagging technique involves putting oyster spat in racks or bags and having them above the bottom until harvest. Then they get lifted to the surface and the mature ones get removed.
In both cases oysters are cultivated onshore when they can attach themselves to a surface. Here they are allowed to mature in the water to form seed oysters.
3. Oysters as food:
Many evidence show that oysters were considered food by humans since prehistoric times. In fact, oysters have been an important food source all around coastal areas where they could be easily found.
They have been harvested and commercialized since Romans' times, who believed them to have aphrodisiacal powers. In the19th century, in the United States oysters were considered street food and sold at the market stands in New York and even given away at San Francisco saloons during the Gold Rush.
Unregulated harvesting, consumption and overfishing almost cause the oysters to become extinct in the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Today, oystermen are more aware of the long terms impact of harvesting in the coastal flats and reefs where the oysters grow allowing the oyster beds to replenish.
4. Why are so popular?
Oysters' relative scarcity, the challenge to transport them live and the high demand in the food market dictate the price we ultimately pay for these shellfish. It is estimated that in the United States of America we consume 2.5 billion oysters a year and it is no surprise to pay $2 to $3 dollars for each oyster at the restaurant.
But, what makes them so popular? In brief: the taste. Oysters can be very salty or sweet, with notes of cucumber, melon, herbs, butter, flint, or copper, all depending on the water in which they grew.
5. Oysters' nutrition facts:
Many people would agree that oysters are best raw and eaten from the shell. Oysters are a good source of zinc, iron, calcium, selenium, Vitamin A and Vitamin B12 and for those who count calories the good news is that they are low in calories; one dozen raw oysters contain approximately 110.
6. How to properly store oysters:
While oysters can live up to two weeks their taste becomes less pleasant as they age. Oysters should always be refrigerated out of water, and in 100% humidity. If oysters are left in water in the refrigerator they will open, start "breathing" and consume the available oxygen and ultimately die.
7. How to eat oysters: raw or cooked:
Oysters must be eaten alive, or cooked alive never dead. An open shell is a sign of a dead oyster and cannot be eaten. If the oyster is cooked live the heat will cause the shell to open by itself. To taste the full flavor and savor oysters at their best, oysters should be eaten raw on the half shell, however they are also consumed smoked, baked, fried, roasted, pickled, steamed and broiled.
Because oysters act as natural filter, they will feed on anything present in the surrounding water, therefore can contain harmful bacteria.
8. Opening an oyster (shucking technique) requires:
- a. A special knife (called oyster knife); a short and thick blade about 5 centimeters (2.0 in) long is needed to open oysters.
- b. Heavy gloves; the shell can be razor sharp.
- c. Skills


Date: 17/06/2021
Memorandum of Understanding between KAFD and MPs to implement the "Parliamentary Fellowship"
KAFD and House of Representative signed a memorandum of understanding to train and qualify (75) youngsters to work as research assistants for MPs through the implementation of the second cycle of the Parliamentary Fellowship Project, based on the impact study of the first cycle of the project launched in 2019.
The memorandum was signed by the director of KAFD, Saeb al-Hassan, and on behalf of the House of Representatives, its Secretary-General, Abdul Rahim al-Waked.
"that the implementation of the project comes as a translation of His Majesty King Abdullah II's vision of giving youngsters a real developmental role and involving them in the entire political process, given that the House of Representatives is the real body for oversight and legislation." Al-Hassan said.
al-Hassan indicated that the current cycle will be of great value in the field of political empowerment of youngsters, building on what has been previously accomplished to bring about the required positive change by honing the skills of participants in various fields.
"The House of Representatives is keen to cooperate with various national institutions, and is constantly looking forward to activating the role of youngsters in the national building process, providing them with all requirements and enhancing their participation in political life." al-Waked said.
al-Waked stressed the importance of connecting active youngsters with state institutions to enrich their experiences and knowledge towards many of the goals they seek to achieve, explaining that the House of Representatives is open to youngsters' initiatives aimed at establishing a generation capable of taking responsibility in the future.
The project implemented through 'All Jordan Youth Commission' (AJYC(, aims to contribute to the creation of youngsters leaders, increase awareness of various national issues and challenges, and expand the base of participation in public life by presenting a generation of youngsters who believe in the role of the MP, in addition to forming a real nucleus for future MPs by election.
The project in its first cycle, built the capacities of 147 youngsters, training and qualifying them according to a training manual developed for this purpose in acquiring multiple skills in the following areas: communication, dialogue, thinking skills, human rights, political and parliamentary work in Jordan, democracy and civil society, whereas the project's field of specialization, in its second cycle, was developed to provide research assistants to MPs, to undertaking the task of research and providing supporting information on draft laws or issues that are presented for discussion.
The project will be implemented based on a development plan consisting of two phases. The first phase will select youngsters from different governorates, giving them practical training on presentation and communication skills, political life in Jordan, concepts of democracy, and research skills. The second phase is a practical application for 6 months during the regular session of the House of Representatives.
It is noteworthy that KAFD launched the second cycle of the project last April where (1987) applications for accession were received, while personal interviewing is currently taking place to select the participants.


What Is Per Unit Price?
In retail, unit price is the price for a single unit of measure of a product sold in more or less than the single unit.
The "unit price" tells you the cost per pound, quart, or other unit of weight or volume of a food package.
What is cost per unit?
The cost per unit is commonly derived when a company produces a large number of identical products. The cost per unit is derived from the variable costs and fixed costs incurred by a production process, divided by the number of units produced.
What does per unit mean?
Per unit is a way of expressing the value of a quantity in terms of a reference or base quantity. In a per unit system each system variable or quantity is normalized with respect to its own base value. Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per unit are the same regardless of the voltage level.
How much is a unit in sales?
Using Sales to Determine Price Per Unit
To find price per unit from the income statement, divide sales by the number of units or quantity sold to determine the price per unit. For example, given sales of $500,000 for the year and 40,000 units sold, the price per unit is $12.50 ($500,000 divided by 40,000).
What is unit list price?
Each price list line in a price list associates a product with a list price. The unit price is the calculated price of an item after a percentage adjustment or an absolute adjustment has been applied to the list price. The line price is the price for a given line item.


text:
To create copies:
- Go to "Shared with me" in your old Drive.
- Select the files that you wish to save.
- Right-click on them and select "Make a copy". How to make a copy of a shared file in Google Drive.
- Go to My Drive and view the files.
Download a copy of a file
- On your computer, open a Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, or Forms home screen.
- Open a document, spreadsheet, or presentation.
- At the top, click File. Download as.
- Choose a file type. The file will download onto your computer.
Following are the steps to Move Files from Shared With Me to My Drive:
- Click "Shared with me" tab located at the left side of window.
- Click a file which you want to move.
- Click "Add to My Drive" icon located at the top of the window. …
- A "Move To" window opens up.
- Select the folder from "My Drive" to move the file.
The first Google Drive limits the number of downloads of the file. The reason is that in the span of 24 hours, many people access the file. This case usually appears on Google Drive files that have been shared by someone. As a result, you cannot download the file in Google Drive.
There are detailed steps. Step 1: Go to the website of Copy URL to Google Drive. Step 2: Paste the link, select the target folder you want to save to and click on "Save, Copy to Google Drive". Step 3: Click on "Save to Google Drive" button in the new window to complete the task.
Follow the steps below:
- Open a browser window and copy the link of the file that you want to download.
- Now open an Incognito window or any other browser but make sure that you are not signed in into your google account in that tab or browser.
- Hit download.
- That's it.
Why there is no download option in Google Drive?
If you're using multiple Google accounts (e.g. for work and personal), Google Drive sometimes might improperly mix up permissions to download certain files. To fix this, log out of all Google accounts. Then only log back in with the account that should have access to the file you want to download and try again.
Can viewers of Google Drive download?
Viewers are library users who can access documents in a read-only mode. By default, viewers can download, copy and print attachments.


text:
Miss Georgie Carroll
- Miss Georgie Carroll
- Email address:
- Thesis title:
- Fish Kings and Fishy Maidens: Accounting for Fish, Fish-like creatures and Watery Symbolism in Indian epic traditions - (working title).
- Year of Study:
My MA dissertation (SOAS, 2008) focussed on non-worshipped animals in popular Indian cinema, using animal theory and anthropological theory of the body. I have since written 'Mouse (Animal)' (forthcoming) for Reaktion Books' 'Animal' series, also authored by writers to include Desmond Morris ('Naked Ape', 1967).
Emerging from my deep interest in human-animal relationships, animal symbolism and the myth and literature of South Asia, my PhD research considers the socio-religious significances of fish (and'sea monster') characters and symbols in tellings of India's epics, pertaining to gender and the body: to aspects of monstrosity, sexual morality, and fantasy.


17:52
More generally, in any atomless Boolean algebra, there are no principal ultrafilters. – Joel David Hamkins Jan 27 '11 at 23:04
Here is a type of example coming from Analytic Geometry (in the sense of the second "GA" in Serre's "GAGA").
Consider a domain $D$ in $\mathbb C$. Then every $\mathbb C$-algebra morphism (aka character) $\chi : \mathcal O (D) \to \mathbb C $ is of the form $ev_d:f \to f(d)$ with $d=\chi (z) \in D$. This is completely elementary: just write $f(z)= f(d)+(z-d)g(z)$ and let $\chi$ act on both sides of the equality.[You have to convince yourself that $d$ is in $D$, not just in $\mathbb C$: else $1=(z-d).(z-d)^{-1}$ would lead to 1=0 by applying $\chi$].
[From this Lipman Bers proved in 1948 that, given two domains $D,D'\subset \mathbb C$, a purely algebraic isomorphism $u:\mathcal O (D) \to\mathcal O (D')$ necessarily comes from an analytic isomorphism $f=u(z): D' \to D$.]
A vast generalization is that for any Stein manifold (or even Stein space) X, all characters $\mathcal O (X) \to \mathbb C $ are evaluations at a point of $X$, and yield maximal ideals $ker \chi$ of $X$. This is proved in Grauert-Remmert's book "Theory of Stein spaces" and looking rather superficially at the proof I THINK the axiom of choice is not used. This is certainly not a satisfactory answer to Qiaochu's question (in particular I know nothing of other maximal ideals in $\mathcal O (X)$: do such exist?) but maybe these not so well-known results might interest some reader.
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You have to be careful about the basic structure of the complex numbers without countable choice. A Cauchy sequence may or may not be constructively Cauchy, and I read that the fundamental theorem of algebra only holds for polynomials whose coefficients are constructively Cauchy numbers. Possibly different definitions of Stein become inequivalent; and how do you know that O(X) even has a character? – Greg Kuperberg Nov 28 '09 at 17:03
Evaluation at a point of X is a character, independantly of X being Stein or not, so I know that O(X) does have a character. I have no idea of what would happen to Stein theory if the fundamental theorem of algebra didn't hold, nor to be frank to the rest of mathematics. – Georges Elencwajg Nov 28 '09 at 17:45
You should take a look at Coquand and Lombardi's "A Logical Approach to Abstract Algebra".
They observe that commutative rings have a purely equational description, and so there are very strong metatheorems that apply to this theory: Birkhoff's completeness theorem for equational logic, of course; and also Barr's theorem, which states that if a geometric sentences is a consequences of a geometric theories with classical logic plus choice, it's also intuitionistically valid. (And all equational theories are also geometric theories.)
They strengthen Barr's theorem a bit, by characterizing the relevant intuitionistic proofs, and then "de-Noetherian-ize" several basic theorems which are typically proved using maximal ideals.
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Your Answer


text:
Investigation of binary nanocrystal superlattice
Christine, Kusuma Dewi
Date of Issue2011
School of Materials Science and Engineering
Binary Nanocrystal Superlattice (BNSL) is the assembly of nanoparticles of two different materials. Based on the fact that atoms and molecules can result in various crystal structures and properties, nanocrystal will definitely give an even wider choices of properties due to its size quantum effect. [Peer Assessment Review]
Student Research Poster
© 2011 The Author(s).


Comic book artists putting in hidden meanings in comics
Recently, X-Men Gold #1 was criticized for how it had hidden religious, political meanings in the art. The artist responsible was fired because of it. This article would examine other comic book artists who faced a similar situation and the consequences of their actions.
 Want to write about Comics or other art forms?
 Create writer account


text:
Figure 1-17.Compound-wound generator.
In the compound-wound generator when load current increases, the armature voltage decreases just
as in the shunt-wound generator. This causes the voltage applied to the shunt-field winding to decrease,
which results in a decrease in the magnetic field. This same increase in load current, since it flows
through the series winding, causes an increase in the magnetic field produced by that winding.
By proportioning the two fields so that the decrease in the shunt field is just compensated by the
increase in the series field, the output voltage remains constant. This is shown in figure 1-18, which
shows the voltage characteristics of the series-, shunt-, and compound-wound generators. As you can see,
by proportioning the effects of the two fields (series and shunt), a compound-wound generator provides a
constant output voltage under varying load conditions. Actual curves are seldom, if ever, as perfect as
Figure 1-18.Voltage output characteristics of the series-, shunt-, and compound-wound dc generators.


text:
Special Geometry and Physics Seminar: Vincent Bouchard, University of Alberta
- Date: 02/16/2012
- Time: 15:00
University of British Columbia
Topological recursion on elliptic curves
In recent years, a unifying theme has been found for a surprising number of counting problems. It appears that in many seemingly unrelated contexts, generating functions for enumerative invariants satisfy a particular topological recursion, based on the geometry of a complex curve. As examples, Hurwitz theory, Gromov-Witten theory of the complex line, and open/closed Gromov-Witten theory of the three-dimensional complex plane and other toric Calabi-Yau threefolds are all encoded by the same topological recursion on certain complex curves. In this talk, I will first review applications of the topological recursion on genus zero curves, and then report on work in progress on studying the topological recursion for families of elliptic curves. In this context, the recursion produces an infinite tower of quasi-modular forms. The question is: to what counting problem should these quasi-modular forms be related?
3:00-4:30pm in WMAX 110
For other information, please see the Math Events page.


= \vert T_*m\vert = m\{\bom_{-1} \cap \bom_+\} = m\{\bom_{-1}\}$. Denote by $\Cal M_n$, $\Cal M_+$ and $\Cal M$ the classes of (SRB-like) probability measures supported on $\bom_n$, $\bom_+$ and $\Omega$, respectively. \proclaim {Theorem 11.1\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} There is a unique (SRB-like) conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+ \in \Cal M_+$, i. e. the operator $T_+ : \Cal M_+ \to \Cal M_+$ has a unique fixed point $\mu_+$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.2\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} For any measure $m_0\in \Cal M_0$, the sequence of measures $T_+^nm_0$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to the conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+$. Moreover, the sequence of measures $\lambda_+^{-n} (T_*^nm_0)$ converges weakly to $\rho(m_0)\mu_+$, where the functions $\rho(m_0)$ and $\rho^{-1}(m_0)$ are uniformly bounded on $\Cal M_0$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.3\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} The sequence $T^{-n}\mu_+$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to a $T$-invariant probability measure $\hat \mu_+ \in \Cal M$. The measure $\hat \mu_+$ is ergodic and K-mixing. \endproclaim The aforementioned results have their natural duals by changing the signs, and then one obtains $\mu_-, \hat \mu_-, \lambda_-$. \proclaim {Theorem 11.4\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} If for every periodic point $x \in \Omega$, $T^kx=x$ we have $\vert \det DT^kx\vert = 1$, then $\hat \mu_+ = \hat \mu_- = \hat \mu $ and $ \lambda_+ = \lambda_- =\lambda$. In particular, this happens if the given Anosov-diffeomorphism preserves a smooth invariant measure. \endproclaim (In [Ch-M-T(1998)] it is also conjectured that $\hat \mu_+$ is a Bernoulli-measure, and has a fast decay of correlations.) The following theorem not only answers Question 1, most interesting from the point of view of physical applications, but also proves the {\it escape rate formula} of K-G(1988). We call $\gamma_+:= - \log \lambda_+$ the {\it escape rate} of the system. Denote by $\lambda_+$ the positive Lyapunov exponent of the ergodic measure $\hat \mu_+$, and by $h(\hat \mu_+)$ its Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. \proclaim {Theorem 11.5\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} $$ \gamma_+ = \lambda_+ - h(\hat \mu_+) \tag 11.6 $$ \endproclaim An interesting feature of the escape rate formula (11.6) is that its right hand side is defined exclusively in terms of the measure $\hat \mu_+$ given on the repeller $\bom_+$, whereas $\gamma_+$ is the rate with which an initial measure given on whole $\bom$ gets pulled down to the repeller. It is an interesting task to generalize Theorems 11.1-5 for Anosov-systems with singularities and subsequently for billiards. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Remark 11.7.} For dynamical systems of large linear size $L$, which actually are appropriate models of transport phenomena, Gaspard and Nicolis, [G-N(1990)] derived a beautiful equation replacing the escape rate formula. For definiteness, let us think of a Lorentz-process (i. e. a dispersive, finite-horizon billiard with a periodic configuration of scatterers) in an elongated periodic container of integer length $L$; the boundary condition in the direction of the $y$-axis is periodic, whereas those in the direction of the $x$-axis at $x=0$ and $x=L$ are open, i. e. $B = (\{x=0\} \cup \{x=L\}) \times S^1$. This model determines a repeller $\bom_+(L)$ with SRB-like invariant measure $\hat \mu_+(L)$, for which we denote the positive Lyapunov-exponent by $\lambda_L$ and the K-S entropy by $h(\hat \mu_+(L))$. Then, by using the diffusion approximation for the Lorentz-process, Gaspard and Nicolis proved analytically that $$ \Cal D = \lim_{L\to \infty} (\frac{L}{\pi^2})\left( \lambda_L - h(\hat \mu_+(L)) \right) $$ where $\Cal D$ is the diffusion coefficient of the Lorentz process in the infinite slab (i. e. in the same model with $L=\infty$). Further related formulas and models are beyond the scope of the present survey. As references on this most alive direction of research we mention the papers of Gaspard and Dorfman, [G-D(1995)], of T\'el, Vollmer and Breymann, [T-V-B(1996)] and of Ruelle, [R(1999)]; for earlier related models of transport see the works of Lebowitz and Spohn, [L-S(1978)] and of Kr\'amli, Sim\'anyi and Sz\'asz, [K-S-Sz(1987)]. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Acknowledgment.} It is my pleasure to thank P\'eter B\'alint, Andr\'as Kr\'amli and N\'andor Sim\'anyi for their most careful reading of the manuscript and for their critical remarks. Moreover, I am the most grateful to Howie Weiss and Tam\'as T\'el for several basic references related to Sections 10 and 11, respectively. The research was also supported by the Hungarian-Portuguese joint grant No. P/97-10 through the cooperation of the Hungarian National Committee for Technological Development and the Instituto de Cooperacao Cientifica e Tecnol\'ogica Internacional. \bigskip \Refs \bigskip \ref\key \by \paper \jour \vol \pages \endref \widestnumber\key{B-P-L(1999)-II} \ref\key B(1934) \by A. S. Besicovitch \paper Sets of Fractional Dimension, IV. On Rational Approximations to Real Numbers \jour J. London Math. Soc. \vol 9 (1934) \pages 126-131 \endref \ref\key B-K-P(1998) \by L. Barreira, A Katok, Ya. Pesin \paper Non-Uniformly Hyperbolic Dynamical Systems \jour manuscript \vol \pages (1998) \endref \ref\key Ch(1998) \by N. I. Chernov \paper Statistical Properties of Piecewise Smooth Hyperbolic Systems in High Dimensions \jour \vol \pages \endref \ref\key Ch-H(1996) \by N. I. Chernov, C. Haskell \paper Nonuniformly Hyperbolic K-systems are Bernoulli \jour Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems \vol 16 \pages 19-44 (1996) \endref \ref\key Ch-M-T(1998) \by N. I. Chernov, R. Markarian, S. Troubetzkoy \paper Invariant Measures for Anosov Maps with Small Holes \jour Manuscript \vol \pages pp. 34 (1998) \endref \ref\key D(1997) \by D. Dolgopyat \paper Bounded Orbits of Anosov-Flows \jour Duke Math. J. \vol 87 (1997) \pages 87-114 \endref \ref\key E(1978) \by R. Engelking \paper Dimension Theory \jour North Holland \vol \pages (1978) \endref \ref\key F(1977) \by J. Franks \paper Invariant Sets of Hyperbolic Toral Automorphisms \jour Amer. J. of Math. \vol 99 (1977) \pages _PHONE_ \endref \ref\key G-D(1995) \by P. Gaspard, J. R. Dorfman \paper Chaotic Scattering Theory, Thermodynamic Formalism, and Transport Coefficients \jour Physical Review {\bf E} \vol 52 (1995) \pages 3525-3552 \endref \ref\key G-N(1990


A product spreadsheet import to create products with variants has created each variant as a separate product
Separate products were created for each variant after importing a.csv,.xlsx or.xls product file instead of creating a parent product with variants under it.
 - Vend for Mac or PC
Not having handles/having different handles for product families
 1. Delete the individual products that have been created by the file import
 2. Open the product file
 3. Enter an identical handle into the handle column for each product family (a parent product and its variants)
Additional Information
How to Bulk Delete Products in Vend
Managing Variants in Vend
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Term of the Moment
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Definition: voice grade
The bandwidth required to transmit human voice, which is about 4,000 Hertz (4 kHz). The term may refer to an analog telephone line, but also to a digital line that supports the digital equivalent of voice (see DS0). Depending on the context of usage, the term may refer to a channel that is a step up or a step down from another type.


text:
OWL (Our Whole Lives)
OWL is a values-based curriculum that helps participants make informed and responsible decisions about their sexual health and behavior. It equips participants with accurate, age-appropriate information in six subject areas: human development, relationships, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health, and society and culture. Grounded in a holistic view of sexuality, OWL provides not only facts about anatomy and human development, but helps participants to clarify their values, build interpersonal skills, and understand the spiritual, emotional, and social aspects of sexuality.
In order for a child to participate in the program, parents must attend a mandatory orientation session. At the orientation session, the teaching team will introduce parents to the curriculum and the philosophy of the program.


Version: 5.0.0
Post build updating with SQL triggers
Warning Please note this is an experimental facility and is subject to a number of caveats (see below). Please always take a backup of your database before trying.
We very much welcome feedback, discussion and additional patches for this. Many thanks to Joe Carlson of the DOE Joint Genome Institute for the idea and implementation!
 1. InterMine release > 1.7.3
 2. plpgsql must be installed in your postgres (select * from pg_language where lanname='plpgsql';). Check the postgreSQL manuals for instructions on installing languages if needed.
 3. Backup the database prior to making changes, especially if there are changes that affect foreign keys.
Traditionally, once the data for a mine has been built, it can only be updated by a complete rebuild. However, sometimes, after a long loading process, you see that something is not right: perhaps a minor issue such as a typo in a name, or perhaps something more major such as errors in an entire dataset. Rather than rebuilding the entire mine from scratch, a process that can take many hours or even many days, you'd like to make changes to your existing data build.
Making such updates requires coordinated changes to a number of InterMine tables. For instance, to update a value, one needs to at least:
 1. Update the value in InterMine's table for that object (e.g. the length column in the Gene table).
 2. Update the value in InterMine's tables for all the ancestor classes of that object (e.g. the length column in the SequenceFeature table).
 3. Update the serialized object in the object column of the intermineobject table.
One way to do this is by installing triggers into the PostgreSQL database that will co-ordinate these updates. InterMine can now generate such triggers if you invoke the ant generate-update-triggers in your mine's dbmodel/ directory like so:
cd $MINE
./gradlew generateUpdateTriggers
This will generate two SQL files in the dbmodel/build/resources/main/ subdirectory
add-update-triggers.sql contains the SQL triggers necessary to co-ordinate table updates. remove-update-triggers.sql contains the removal code. All the triggers have a prefix of im_.
Adding triggers#
To add the triggers just execute add-update-triggers.sql using psql like so
psql -f add-update-triggers.sql MINE-NAME
You can now do basic create/update/delete operations such as:
 - UPDATE organism set genus='Homo' where genus='Homer';
 - DELETE FROM organism where commonname='yeti';
The triggers propagate the operations to the superclasses and InterMineObjec tables.
Tables have default values supplied for id and class, so you can create new records
 - INSERT INTO organism (genus,species) values ('Hello','world');
The id is supplied from a sequence im_post_build_insert_serial which is initially set to the maximum id of InterMineObject.
Once you've completed update operations, you must remove the triggers. Failure to do so may cause interference with InterMine's run time serial use, though this point needs to be clarified.
Removing triggers#
You can remove triggers by executing the remove-update-triggers.sql SQL:
psql -f remove-update-triggers.sql MINE-NAME
What can't be done (yet)#
Please note that there are a number of database changes that the triggers CANNOT handle as of yet:
 1. Foreign key constraints are not enforced. If you delete a gene, there may still be entries in the genesproteins table or a reference to this from the geneid field in the mrna table. Foreign keys are enforced at the application layer. This means whoever is doing the update needs to keep things straight. (This is possible to implement. It may be done in the future.)
 2. The tracker table is not updated. If you do an integration step after manual operations and the integrator is trying to update a column value that you inserted manually, the integration step will fail.
 3. The clob table cannot be manipulated. Again, this may also be changed in the future.
 4. If the id field in InterMineObject has exceeded 2^31 and gone negative, the sequence im_post_build_insert_serial cannot be used in INSERT operations without (probably) colliding with another object. The value of the serial must be set manually in this case.


text: A review and a brief analysis of four well-known constant-life diagram models of layered composites, most often encountered in scientific publications, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of models are noted. A special modification of the Harris diagram was proposed as an alternative to the given diagrams for engineering predictions of fatigue characteristics of layered composites at different asymmetry coefficients R of cyclic loading. Using the example of constructing the proposed diagram for CFRP AS4-PW open-hole specimens, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data is shown, which makes it possible to hope for acceptable accuracy of the calculated estimates of fatigue strength characteristics of layered composites using this diagram. An example of using the diagram for estimation of fatigue life of CFRP Т300/5208 [45/0/-45/90]2s open-hole specimens under quasi-random program loading is presented.


text:
Hedgerow planting in Denmark
Despite the great extension of agricultural land and farming tradition in Denmark, few formal agroforestry systems can be easily found. However, Denmark has a long tradition in hedgerow planting which has shaped and delineated Danish landscapes.
Hedgerow planting to protect crops from wind erosion has a long tradition in Denmark. Hedgerow structure, composition and purpose have evolved from the XIX century, when many of today's hedgerows were established to state ownership boundaries and to increase agricultural productivity. Nowadays, hedgerows are key multifunctional landscape elements that enhance biodiversity and increase landscape diversity. Although the plantation of hedgerows is decreasing, still more than 500 km of hedgerows are planted every year.
In the mid of the XIX century, there was a strong need of agricultural land to provide food to the increasing population of Denmark and to compensate the loss of territory to Germany after the 1864 war. Western Jutland, which was dominated by heath, was reclaimed to agricultural land (1, 2). However, strong wind erosion and dominating sandy soils demanded shelterbelts for this new agricultural land. In 1866 the Land Development Service (DLDS) was established with the purpose to protect these farmlands (2, 3).
The DLDS is a private organization which was funded by subscriptions of members, donations and since 1880, shortly after its foundation, by the national government which quickly became the main source of funds. Until 1989, DLDS has been the main driver of hedgerow planting (today it is still responsible for 90% of hedgerows planting), holding the monopoly of distributing plants with subsidized prices, providing advisors and offering staff for hedgerow planting (Fig. 1).
Fig 1: DLDS distribution of plants Fig 2: "Flying squads" - planting activities
Around the same time, local planting associations started to appear and in 1902 the Federation of Planting Associations (NBSP) was formed (2). Acting as a national coordinator and organized in regional associations, its purpose was to promote and advice groups of farmers on hedgerows planting and maintenance. The Federation of Planting Associations (today the Danish Planting Association) and the DLDS were strongly associated and together have been the main actors in the network of subsidized hedgerow planting in Denmark until nowadays (3, 4, Fig. 3).
Fig. 3: Central actors in the network related to subsidised hedgerow planting in Denmark.
A good example of the collaboration between the national government and the hedgerows planting scheme were the so-called "Flying Squads". In the 1920s, the collective hedgerow planting model became very popular. It consisted of groups of association members who decided to plant together in the same geographical area at the same time. To fight against the high unemployment rates, the government created the flying squads which carried out the planting work with the support of the Ministry of Social Affairs (financing the hand work) and the Ministry of Agriculture (financing the plant materials) (4, Figure 2). This led to the creation of over a hundred local planting associations under the umbrella of the Federation of Planting Associations. This collective hedgerow planting became the organization's model for the next 3 decades (1).
The 1960s and 1970s showed a decline in the interest in hedgerow planting, also a consequence of reduced governmental support and increasing inflation (1, 2). This situation remained until the mid-final 1980s, when the entrance of the EU financial support supposed a revitalization of the hedgerow planting schemes.
The planting design of hedgerows did not vary too much until the 1960s and consisted mainly of one row of trees (Picea glauca and Picea sitchensis, often complemented with Sorbus intermedia (5)). However, after it became evident that these mono-specific hedgerows had a low permanence and stability, new hedgerow models were developed, taking the value of hedgerows for biodiversity and cultural landscape values into consideration (6).
In 1974, the EU Structural Fund started co-financing hedgerow planting and this push revitalized the hedgerow scheme. First, hedgerows were funded only on agricultural land with a risk of wind erosion in Western Jutland. In 1976 the first Hedgerow Planting act was implemented and financial support was extended to the whole of Denmark. Two different hedgerows planting schemes were established following the same model that was already running: individual and collective schemes, the latest one heavily favored because it supported not only the planting materials (like in the individual scheme), but also planting and maintenance costs for three years.
Fig. 4: Windbreak of five rows, 800 m long. Established withe a 20.000 kr (~2670€) grant from EM Dalgas Memorial in 2013.
The appearance of the EU co-funding implied a transition in the purpose and motivations for hedgerow planting. Although increasing farmland productivity was still the main objective of hedgerow planting, the 1988 act modification specified that hedgerow planting has also positive effects on the landscape. In 1993 the scheme was extended to include the financial support for woodlot planting connected to hedgerows to enhance nature and landscape, acknowledging the role of ecological corridors. Finally, in 2002, aesthetic values were added to the act, recognizing the multifunctional purpose of hedgerows. The individual and collective schemes were balanced, giving the same financial support to both of them (although collective plantings remain predominant).
Today, more recent hedgerows are usually shaped by 3 rows (but comprise sometimes up to 7-8 rows), combining deciduous trees and shrubs and not exceeding 10 meters of width. Its implementation has been extended from the outwash plains of Western Jutland to the whole country (figure 4, figure 5).
Fig. 5: Typical hedgerows plantings are 3 and 6 rowed. It is usually formed by native deciduous species.
In 2005, the ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries analyzed the current situation of the hedgerows scheme in Denmark with special focus on profitability and habitat enhancement values (5, 7) viagra vente en ligne. Their report highlighted the wider hedgerows (6-7 rows) as permanent habitat providers (although not economically beneficial due extra costs), while 3-4 rows were highlighted as green corridors and economically profitable.
The effects of hedgerows on Danish agricultural landscapes are palpable and are a success of a bottom-up approach in land use management. Wind erosion became a minor problem by reducing wind speed. By changing micro-climate, hedgerows increase temperature and crops yield. The current scheme which includes broader purposes has allowed hedgerows to define the landscape in the whole country, even in areas where wind erosion risk is not a problem.
Source: Mario Torralba Viorreta, Dep. of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, February 2015. Mario started his PhD on silvopastoral systems in May 2014 and is contributing to the Agforward project's WP7.
Picture Source: Det Danske Hedeselskab (Danish Land Development Service).
1. Fritzbøger B. 1998. Det åbne lands kulturhistorie, DSR-Forlag, Copenhagen.
2. Fritzbøger B. 2002. Bag hegnet. Historien om levende hegn i det danske landskab. Landsforeningen De danske Plantningsforeninger. Gullanders Bogtrykkeri A/S, Skjern.
3. Busck A.G. 2003. Hedgerow planting analysed as a social system – interaction between farmers and other actors in Denmark. Journal of Environmental Management 68: 161–171.
4. Knudsen H.S. 1983. Det flyvende korps. Fællesudvalget for Læplantning
5. Busck A, Kristensen L.S and Primdah J. 2007. The Hedgerow Planting Scheme in Denmark - a case study of objectives, context, effects and implications. Anex III of Maximising the provision of public goods from future agri- 469 environmental schemes. Final Report of Project 15932. (Peterborough (UK): Land Use 470 Policy Group, 2007).
6. Knudsen H, Vestergaard G. 2001. Levende hegn og små beplantninger. Landbrugsforlaget.
7. Rapport om effektvurdering af læplantningsordningen. 2005. Direktoratet for Fødevareerhverv.


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, showing the wrapped per-file key and information on what class it is assigned to.
- The Per-file or per-extent key is unwrapped with the class key and sent to the hardware AES engine.
- The hardware AES engine decrypts the file and reads it from flash memory
- All wrapped file key handling happens in the Secure Enclave thus never exposing the operations outside of the Secure Enclave.
- After completed, it uses the ephemeral key to re-wrap the keys to send them to the application processor.
Its important to remember that all metadata is encrypted with a random key created during OS install or after a device wipe. Like most things APFS, makes it even more secure by wrapping the file system metadata key with the Secure Enclave UID key for long-term storage. The Secure Enclave handles this in an interesting way by creating an ephemeral per-boot version of the key to protect it from the application processor. When stored, the encrypted file system key is additionally wrapped by an effaceable key stored in Effaceable Storage. This key by design is managed to be erased easily either by a MDM wipe command or a user wiping the device. In this situation, all files will be cryptographically irretrievable. The hierarchy that has been mentioned provides pliability and good performance. One example you will find in Apple's security docs is when you change a file's class would only require rewrapping the per-file key or changing a passcode will require changing the class key.
How Passcodes Impact Data Protection
Most people know that if a device has its passcode enabled then it enables data protection. The biggest thing to know is that without the passcode certain data classes are near impenetrable. They also entangle the device UID in the passcode requiring you to input it on the device to attempt to break through. They also use an iteration count to deter attackers by making a single attempt take up to 90ms along with a growing scale based on the number of attempts. A 6 character passcode for example could take up to 5 years to penetrate. Secure Enclave devices will use the Secure Enclave coprocessor to enforce delays and works similarly to a BIOS by remembering the password attempt status on reboot.
Data Protection Classes
We have been hinting at classes for awhile. It's time you understand them. The key to remember is it is up to the application to decide what class a file has. They are as follows
Complete Protection: The key is created with a combination of the passcode and UID. Shortly after being locked, the keys are discarded thus rendering data inaccessible until the device is unlocked.
Protected Unless Open: The use case for this class is when you need to write when locked, such as downloading something while locked. This class uses asymmetric elliptic curve cryptography to achieve the desired result. The per-file key is protected by One-Pass Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement The ephemeral public key is stored along with the per-file key with these characteristics:
- Concatenation Key Derivation Function
- Omitted AlgorithmID
- PartyUInfo and PartyVInfo are the ephemeral and static public keys
- SHA-256 hashing
- Per-file key is wiped on file closure
The shared secret is re-created with the Protected Unless Open class private key and the file's ephemeral public key when the file wants to be re-opened, which are then used to restart the process again.
Protected Until First User Authentication: This class is the same as the complete protection class with the one exception that the decrypted class key remains. This is similar to desktop full-volume encryption. The goal of this class is to protect from attacking involving reboots. This is considered to be the standard 3rd party data class unless otherwise specified.
No Protection: This class key is protected by the UID and lives in effaceable storage. All of the keys are stored on the device, which mostly only facilitates fast remote wipes.
Keychain Data Protection
The iOS keychain is a vital aspect of how iOS functions seamlessly. The keychain manages passwords, login keys, and much more. At its core, the keychain is a SQLite database stored on the file system. A daemon in iOS called securityd determines what can access the keychain at a process or application level. The keychain access APIs talk to the daemon to determine the keychainaccess-groups, application-identifier, and application-group entitlements for applications. Access groups let keychain items be shared across apps. That is limited to the developer, such as your MDM can share the keychain across all of their apps. Today, Apple requires 3rd party apps to use access groups with a prefix allocated via app groups.
Keychain Data Protection closely mimics how regular data protection works as seen below.
An important class to focus on is kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock which is used frequently for apps that need to perform background updates. The class kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly works the same as kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked with the exception that it only exists when the device is locked with a passcode. Its only part of the system keybag and cannot sync to the iCloud keychain, in backups, or in escrow keybags. Passcode changes make the keybag uselesss like when you do a device wipe.
The device only classes are very appealing as they can be backed up but only are accessible by the time they were created on. Apple did a nice job of organizing keys in a way that makes the OS less cumbersome and more secure by making choices that are practical. As an example, certificates are usable when the device is locked but can't be exfiltrated to other devices.
Apple also leverages ACLs to ensure that certain items can only be accessed under certain conditions. As an example, you need TouchID to access saved passwords in Safari. A seldom used feature is one that can render some keys useless if a new fingerprint is added to the device as a way of thwarting attackers. Like most things that matter, the ACLs are evaluated inside of the Secure Enclave.
I know most people won't care about a lot of this stuff. I personally feel that any mobility engineer must understand how the basics of iOS security work to be effective. If you understand how Data-at-Rest Encryption, the keychain, and several other tenets of iOS security work then they can be great stewards of their organizations. Most times people in mobility get a bad rap because they have a few gaps in their knowledge because lets face it mobility training sucks. I believe that grasping the concepts and understanding how to secure devices will empower you to be champions of your respective companies.


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The physiological basis of glufosinate resistance for two resistant (R) rice mutants, lines 'R11-2' and 'R11-3', was studied. Seven days after the application of 0.54 mM glufosinate, two susceptible (S) lines, i.e., variety (var.) 'FSK' and its inbred line 'FSK-3', and a reference var. Tainung 67 (TNG 67) suffered severe injury, whereas the two R lines exhibited resistance. Dose–response analysis and survival rate 14 d after treatment with 1.5 mM glufosinate also supported this observation. A 14C-glufosinate experiment showed that more labeled herbicide was absorbed by leaves of R11-2 than S lines 48 h after treatment (HAT), but the partitioning of absorbed glufosinate to each part of the shoot did not differ between R and S lines. Although a higher degradation of glufosinate in R line R11-2 was found as compared with the two S lines, i.e., 46% vs. 38 to 40%, the actual concentration of glufosinate in R line was still higher than that in S lines. Foliar application of glufosinate resulted in less inhibition of in vivo activity of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 188.8.131.52) as well as a lower accumulation of ammonium 24 HAT in R line than in S lines. Further kinetic study of GS showed that cytosolic GS in line R11-2, with a higher enzyme-inhibition constant (Ki) value to glufosinate, was less sensitive to the toxic action of this herbicide. Therefore, a higher metabolism of, and more important, a lower susceptibility of, the target protein GS to this herbicide are suggested to contribute significantly to glufosinate resistance in these rice lines.
Nomenclature: Glufosinate; rice, Oryza sativa L.


Horticulture/Seed Banking
< Horticulture
Seed Banking refers to populations of seeds in the soil over long periods, primarily applied to weeds. Many weeds create seed banks, which allow them to germinate even if the previous year's plants did not have an opportunity to set seeds.
What can be doneEdit
 1. Prevent weeds from going to seed. Though this will not affect the seeds already in the soil, it will help prevent the problem from getting any worse, and eventually will run the seed bank down (as most seeds are not immortal, even though they might seem that way).
 2. Mulching in late winter or early spring will keep seeds from being exposed to light, which is the most common metabolic signal for germination.
 3. "Stale beds" can be created by repeated tilling or other methods of cultivation
 4. Pre-emergent herbicides can prevent the germination of many weed seeds.


First 5: 20 Years of Putting Kids First
In November 1998, California voters passed Proposition 10, the "Children and Families Act of 1998" initiative. The act levies a tax on tobacco products to provide funding for early childhood development programs. Revenues generated from the tobacco tax must be used to enhance the early growth experiences of children, enabling them to be more successful in school and ultimately to give them an equal opportunity to succeed in life. Revenues must be used for the following specific purposes:
 - To create a comprehensive and integrated delivery system of information and services to promote early childhood development;
 - To support parenting education, child health and wellness, early child care and education, and family support services; and
 - To educate Californians on the importance of early childhood development and smoking cessation.
Tobacco tax revenues are collected at the state level. Eighty percent of these funds are then allocated to the 58 counties according to annual birth rates. The remaining 20 percent of the money is allocated to First 5 California to support statewide programs, research, and media campaigns. Statewide First 5's are the largest investor in early childhood programs ($2 billion in 20 years) However due to smoking prevention efforts, this tobacco tax is a declining source of revenue and therefore the Prop 10 allocation diminishes each year.
In Sacramento County the annual birth rate is approximately 20,000 and First 5 Sacramento's Prop 10 annual allocation is approximately $11 million. This funding provides innovative preventative child development and programs and services. Since our inception First 5 Sacramento has invested $318 million into Sacramento County through our community partners.
About Prop 10


PG Calc Blog
The latest on planned giving from PG Calc.
Click to submit a topic for a PG Calc blog post
Overcoming Objections in Planned Giving
Despite skillful cultivation and nurturing, there are times when a qualified planned gift prospect will decline your request for a gift. You have a number of objectives at that point: 1.) determine the true objection, 2.) identify the source of the objection, and 3.) determine if the prospect is refusing to make any gift at all or if it is just a matter of timing. Explore different gift funding amounts and vehicles or a similar gift vehicle at a different time. Some common objections to a planned gift include: • The proposal presents too many choices and the prospect is paralyzed by its complexity In your efforts to be thorough, you may overwhelm a prospect with too much information. The proposal should communicate the features of a gift, but too many choices can create indecision. Don't offer variations the donor hasn't specifically requested to see. Planned gifts can help achieve multiple objectives; however, the illustration should focus on the objectives the donor has articulated as most important. You'll have the opportunity to refine your proposal in subsequent discussions. • Family members might express concern about the planned gift Whether motivated by a concern about a parent's capacity or concern regarding their own portion of an estate, children are probably the family members most likely to object to a parent making a planned gift. If the donor's estate will be subject to transfer tax, point out that the cost of a charitable gift is pennies on the dollar after factoring in estate and gift taxes. Also, explore creative ways to use wealth replacement insurance in conjunction with a life income plan that can potentially increase the children's inheritance and make a charitable gift at the same time. • Advisors might articulate objections to a planned gift. Advisors are protectors of their clients' wealth and helping them give it away is counter-intuitive. It is common for advisors to neglect their clients' philanthropic objectives. Financial advisors are often paid a percentage of assets under management. If their client makes a gift, there are fewer assets to manage and the advisor makes less money. Sometimes, the solution is for the prospect to communicate the importance of making a gift to the advisors. A charitable trust managed by the donor's advisor may be a more palatable option.


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Everyone has an evil voice that spews doubt, self criticism and negativity. Learn how to make your's shut up!
In this keynote, Greg Smith reveals to the audience his greatest challenge: No, it is not his muscular dystrophy and his gradual weakening of muscles throughout his body. It is not his congestive heart failure and his periodic battles with fluid retention in his lungs. It is not the physical barriers or the negative reaction he gets from society because of his disability. It is not racism. Greg's greatest challenge is the negative voice that speaks to him from within, constantly reminding him of his inadequacies and revealing the reasons why he will fail. That same voice is within us all. In dramatic fashion, Greg personifies that voice on stage! In character, "The Voice" shares stories of the time he made Greg quit for the first time in his life, and the time he almost killed him. In this presentation, attendees will discover three successful tactics Greg used to silence that negative voice, and how those tactics can be applied to their own lives to rid the negative voice from its position of dominance!


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Frequently asked question pages have not yet been formulated for this section.
However, a Weed Identification Library has been developed by Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba.
This library focuses on weeds of agricultural significance but most are also found in the home landscape.
The images and biology will assist in identifying weed species.
The controls listed are intended for cropping situations and may not be appropriate for the home landscape.
To access this library click here.


Converting a afghan pattern
Tallguy's picture
Sometimes you can't simply
Sometimes you can't simply double all the numbers in a pattern for it doesn't work that way. The border stitches are separate, and you can do any border you like. That is up to you, but choose a "balanced" pattern -- that is, with an equal number of knits and purls so that your edges don't curl.
Your pattern repeat is 16. You can make anything with just the one repeat, but it looks nicer when you have several repeats of a design. You can make 10 repeats, 20, and upwards, or any number you like. It usually looks best to have an odd number (for balancing the design, but not always). Once you have determined your gauge, you will be able to calculate the size of your project.
After you have the repeats, you need to add that one stitch. That one is used to finish off the repeat at the very end. I can tell that with the addition of that one stitch, your total will always be an odd number. 274 won't work out evenly.
So add up the body number of stitches, plus the border stitches (two sides) and you have your total to cast on. It's just that easy! :-)
ronhuber's picture
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16 (border stitches) = 273
Joe-in Wyoming's picture
Okay...math isn't my strong
Okay...math isn't my strong point but here goes:
Take the 274 and subtract the seed stitch border of 8 stitches. Then check to see if the 266 sts is divisible by 16 with 1 left over. If so, then you should be okay. If not, you may have to adjust your cast on numbers to have everything balance out. Lots of luck and I hope I steered you in the right direction.
Thanks, guys.
Thanks, guys.


How to Warm up Your Hands and Feet (Breathe-Easy Exercise)
Young woman tries to keep hands warmThis breathing exercise to keep feet and hands warm was used by over two hundred Soviet and Russian MDs who practiced the Buteyko breathing method. They taught this breathing exercise to thousands of patients. The exercise shows how to warm up cold hands or cold feet naturally in about 2-3 min and quickly improve poor blood circulation. Other people require more changes in their automatic breathing patterns to improve body-oxygen content and have warm hands and feet 24/7.
Breathing exercise "How to warm up hands and feet"
Effects of overbreathing on brain O2 Sit down at a table with your spine straight. Relax all your body muscles. Next, instead of taking your usual inhalation, take a slightly smaller inhalation (about 10% less) and then immediately relax all body muscles, especially the upper chest and other breathing muscles. Take another (smaller) inhale and again completely relax.
With each breath, continue to take a small or reduced inhalation and then completely relax. You will soon experience light but comfortable air hunger. Your goal is to maintain this light air hunger for 2-3 minutes. For faster results, if you do not suffer from heart disease, hypertension, migraine, and panic attacks, you can make air hunger stronger and stronger. Your breathing (it is called reduced breathing) can be frequent during this exercise but this is normal. If you do this exercise correctly (you indeed breathe less), your hands and feet will be warm in less than 3 minutes.
For patients with advanced Raynaud disease, it may take longer time, up to 1-2 weeks, and more breath work, so that to improve circulation and body oxygenation, in order to normalize their automatic breathing pattern and have warm feet and hands all the time.
How to keep or make cold feet or cold hands warm during sleep or at night
Woman sleeping at night Lie on your left side or on chest and relax all your body muscles. Breathe only through the nose. Follow the previous instructions for reduced breathing to get a quick relief for cold feet or hands at night or during sleep.
Body-oxygen levels and cold feet/hands effect
People with cold hands and feet have less than 20 s of oxygen in body cells. In severe cases, breath holding time results are less than 10 seconds. The normal result is from 40 to 60 s. If you normalize your breath and you can keep your breath (after exhalation and with no stress) for more than 30 s 24/7, your chronic problems with poor circulation and cold hands/feet will naturally disappear. Here is more resources about Cold hands and feet causes.
Study web pages of this site and follow practical instructions provided in Section Learn here.
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How to Create a Breaker Box Diagram Template
The breaker box diagram template is an essential tool for any home or business that requires the use of breakers. It allows users to create an easy-to-follow diagram of the electrical system, ensuring that all connections are properly set up and maintained. In order to understand the importance of using a breaker box diagram template, it is first important to understand what a breaker box is and how it works.
A breaker box is an electrical control panel located in the interior of a house or commercial building. It houses the circuit breakers, which act as miniature switches that control the amount of electricity flowing through each branch of the electrical system. The circuit breakers cut off power when certain levels of electricity are exceeded, protecting people and property from potential electrical hazards. When constructing a breaker box diagram, it is important to ensure that all necessary components are included and placed in their correct positions.
Understanding the Components of a Breaker Box
Before beginning to construct a Breaker Box Diagram Template, it is important to have an understanding of the components can be found in a typical breaker box. A breaker box typically contains several parts, including:
- Main circuit breakers, which protect the entire electrical system from power surges.
- Sub-circuit breakers, which protect specific circuits in the system.
- Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), which is a type of circuit breaker designed to protect people from shock.
- Arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), which is a type of circuit breaker designed to detect and reduce the risk of fire.
- Switchgear, which acts as a switch to turn the power on or off in the system.
- Circuit identification labels, which clearly identify which circuit breaker is associated with each part of the electrical system.
Creating a Breaker Box Diagram Template
Once you have a full understanding of the components of a breaker box, it is important to begin designing a breaker box diagram template. The best way to do this is to have the electrical system in front of you and draw the schematic by hand. You can then use the diagram as a reference or modify it for your own unique needs. To make the process easier, several tips and techniques can be employed.
- Start with a blank sheet of paper or graph paper and draw a simple rectangle representing the breaker box. Label each corner with the correct components.
- Draw each breaker as a small circle, and label it with the appropriate information.
- Draw in the wiring diagram, marking each wire and connection point.
- Label the main circuit breaker, sub-circuit breakers, GFCI, AFCI, and switchgear
- Include all applicable circuit identification labels
Creating a breaker box diagram template can be a complex process, but following these steps can help simplify the process. With a clear and organised template, you will have a comprehensive overview of your electrical system, ensuring that all components are correctly wired and functioning properly.
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- What do you call a small supermarket?
- What is the meaning of supermarket?
- What is a bodega baby?
- Why do bodegas have cats?
- What do British call groceries?
- What is another term for buy in?
- What is the difference between supermarket and hypermarket?
- What do Americans call the supermarket?
- Why are bodegas called bodegas?
- What does Bodega stand for?
- What is the best synonym for store?
- What is another word for friendly?
- What does Emporium mean in English?
- What is buy into?
- What's another word for supermarket?
- What is another word for store?
- What does it mean to buy into something?
- What's the meaning of buy in?
What do you call a small supermarket?
Small grocery stores that mainly sell fruits and vegetables are known as greengrocers (Britain) or produce markets (U.S.), and small grocery stores that predominantly sell prepared food, such as candy and snacks, are known as convenience shops or delicatessens..
What is the meaning of supermarket?
noun. a large retail market that sells food and other household goods and that is usually operated on a self-service basis. any business or company offering an unusually wide range of goods or services: a financial supermarket that sells stocks, bonds, insurance, and real estate.
What is a bodega baby?
Pusha-T's coined term "Bodega Babies" is referring to the poverty-stricken youth within food deserts of the inner city, using bodegas and corner stores as two things, the first is a food source, and the second as a place to post up and hustle.
Why do bodegas have cats?
A bodega cat serves not only to catch and kill existing rodents, but also to deter others from entering the establishment, spreading bacteria, and destroying the shop owner's goods.
What do British call groceries?
In Britain anything you can buy at the grocery shop is usually called groceries.
What is another term for buy in?
Buy-in Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for buy-in?importintroduceship insource from abroadtrade in3 more rows
What is the difference between supermarket and hypermarket?
When it comes to supermarket vs. hypermarket, the main difference is that a hypermarket is a supermarket that also offers big-ticket items such as appliances, and is also much bigger. Supermarkets are large, hypermarkets are massive. … Many hypermarkets, such as Costco, resemble large warehouses that are impersonal.
What do Americans call the supermarket?
American word or phraseEnglish translationGrocery storeSupermarketHappy HolidaysHappy ChristmasHood (of a car)BonnetIceboxRefrigerator63 more rows
Why are bodegas called bodegas?
The History of NYC Bodegas The name bodega originates from the Spanish word, which can mean "storeroom," "wine cellar," or "grocery store," because these shops first started popping up in the 1940s and '50s in Hispanic communities. … New Yorkers as a whole took to the idea, and these small shops multiplied.
What does Bodega stand for?
Bodega is the Spanish word for "warehouse." When Spanish-speaking people began arriving in New York in large numbers during the first half of the 20th Century, they brought this word with them to describe small stores selling a variety of items including packaged food, beverages, cigarettes, newspapers, and candy.
What is the best synonym for store?
department storeanchor store.chain store.dime store.discount store.five-and-dime store.outlet store.shop.store.
What is another word for friendly?
SYNONYMS FOR friendly 1 companionable, neighborly. 2 kindly, amiable, cordial, genial, affectionate, kindhearted. 3 benevolent, well-disposed, helpful, favorable; sympathetic, propitious.
What does Emporium mean in English?
noun, plural em·po·ri·ums, em·po·ri·a [em-pawr-ee-uh, -pohr-]. a large retail store, especially one selling a great variety of articles. a place, town, or city of important commerce, especially a principal center of trade: New York is one of the world's great emporiums.
What is buy into?
to buy a part of a business in order to have some control over it: They bought into a software company. If you buy into an idea or plan, you give it your support or agree with it: Parents are expected to buy into the school's philosophy when they enroll their children.
What's another word for supermarket?
What is another word for store?
What is another word for store?cachehoardreservestashquantitystockstockpilesupplywealthaccumulation215 more rows
What does it mean to buy into something?
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishbuy into something phrasal verb1 informal to accept that an idea is right and allow it to influence you I never bought into this idea that you have to be thin to be attractive.
What's the meaning of buy in?
Definition of buy-in. : acceptance of and willingness to actively support and participate in something (such as a proposed new plan or policy) Without buy-in from his troops, Gruden's just another tuned-out coach.—


Postcode Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby, UK
About the Address Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby
Postcode DE73 8GA is the address of Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby which is in East Midlands region of England. Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby is within Melbourne ward It falls under constituency South Derbyshire. The nearest station is Peartree which is 8.44km away from the postcode. The postcode DE73 8GA is under the Derbyshire police force and Severn Trent is the main water supplier in the area
Postcode Search Result Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby
DE73 8GA
Address Details: Alma Street
United Kingdom
DE73 8GA
Parish: Melbourne
Ward: Melbourne
Country/State: Derbyshire
Constituency: South Derbyshire
Region: East Midlands
Country: England
Map of DE73 8GA - Alma Street, Melbourne, Derby, UK
Tavel around DE73 8GA
Nearest Station: Peartree
Distance: 8.44 km
Other Useful Info of DE73 8GA
Water: Severn Trent
Police: Derbyshire
What is Postcode Finder?
What is Postal Code?
What is the Difference Between Postcode and ZIP Code?
A Postcode Area is the first part of the Outward Code. It is an initial string of the letters(all the characters before the first number). It is 1 or 2 characters long and always alphabetical. In the postcode DE73 8GA, DE is the Postcode Area whic falls under post town Derby.
The Postcode District is the last part of Outward Code. It is one digit, two-digit or a digit followed by a letter. In the postcode DE73 8GA, 73 is the Postcode Disctrict.
The Inward Code is the second part of the postcode(after space). It is always three characters long and always begins with a letter. The Inward Code assists in the delivery of post within a postal district. In the postcode DE73 8GA, 8GA is the Inward Code. You can find out the Inward Code of a postcode using the Postcode Finder tool.
Postcode Sector is the first part of the Inward Code. It is made up of a single digit (the first character of the inward code). In the postcode DE73 8GA, 8 is the Postcode Sector.
Postcode System in the UK
UK has one of the best postal code system in the world. This system was adopted nationally between 1960 - 1970 and then improved by Royal Mails which is the oldest postal service company in the UK. Each postcode(e.g. DE73 8GA) is consist of two parts, named as Outward Code (e.g. DE73) and the Inward Code (e.g. 8GA). The Outward Code and Inward Code are separated by a single space.
Postcode Finder Result Details
Postcode Statistics
Total postcode areas 124
Total postcode district 2,984
Total postcode sectors 11,197
Total postcode units 1,767,416
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