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Runtime Callable Wrapper
The common language runtime exposes COM objects through a proxy called the runtime callable wrapper (RCW). Although the RCW appears to be an ordinary object to.NET clients, its primary function is to marshal calls between a.NET client and a COM object.
The runtime creates exactly one RCW for each COM object, regardless of the number of references that exist on that object. The runtime maintains a single RCW per process for each object. If you create an RCW in one application domain or apartment, and then pass a reference to another application domain or apartment, a proxy to the first object will be used. As the following illustration shows, any number of managed clients can hold a reference to the COM objects that expose INew and INewer interfaces.
Using metadata derived from a type library, the runtime creates both the COM object being called and a wrapper for that object. Each RCW maintains a cache of interface pointers on the COM object it wraps and releases its reference on the COM object when the RCW is no longer needed. The runtime performs garbage collection on the RCW.
Among other activities, the RCW marshals data between managed and unmanaged code, on behalf of the wrapped object. Specifically, the RCW provides marshaling for method arguments and method return values whenever the client and server have different representations of the data passed between them.
The standard wrapper enforces built-in marshaling rules. For example, when a.NET client passes a String type as part of an argument to an unmanaged object, the wrapper converts the string to a BSTR type. Should the COM object return a BSTR to its managed caller, the caller receives a String. Both the client and the server send and receive data that is familiar to them. Other types require no conversion. For instance, a standard wrapper will always pass a 4-byte integer between managed and unmanaged code without converting the type.


A Beginner's Guide to Japanese Joinery
What is Japanese Joinery?
Centuries before the invention of screws and fasteners, Japanese carpentries created their own beautiful and effective woodworking joints (known as joinery), closely related to Japanese architecture. It is the work of tightly slotting together pieces of timber or lumber to hold together and produce more complicated items. Joinery does not require materials such as stitching, glue, and nails because of the elaborately carved interlocking wooden joints.
The advantages of having Japanese joinery is the fact that they are incredibly durable, tough, flexible, visually appealing and material efficient. These characteristics depend on the properties of the materials involved and the purpose of the joint, with many diverse types of joinery for meeting differing requirements. For example, the joinery used to construct a house is different from what would be used to make furniture, granting some joinery designs overlap.
The four Japanese carpentry professions
Though all Japanese carpenters follow the same practise, they can be split up into four different and distinct woodworking professions. Their experience with various forms of joinery, as well as the wide variety of joints they craft, and the tools they use to make them separate out the different types of carpentry. The four professions are listed below:
Miyadaiku 宮大工
Here the carpenters practice the construction of Japanese shrines and temples, which is known for their use of elaborate joints to make well-structured and extremely long lasting structures. In fact, these buildings they construct are frequently found among the world's longest surviving wooden structures.
Sukiya-daiku 数奇屋大工
These carpenters are more famed for their particularly delicate and aesthetic constructions. They typically construct treehouses and residential type structures, such as staircases and window frames.
Tateguya 建具屋
These people are interior finishing carpenters who build shōji 障子 (Japanese sliding doors). They also create carved, small wooden wall decorations that are known as ranma 欄間.
Sashimono-shi 指し物師
These carpenters are similar to Tateguya but they craft more general furniture such as sofas, chairs, cabinets and more.
So why has this joinery now become so insanely popular?
Japanese joinery has recently resurfaced thanks to the digital age and the mesmerising GIFs that we now have the technology to create. Because of the incredible beauty of the joinery designs, and how incredibly fascinating and satisfying these GIFs are, you'll see for yourself why they've gone viral.
Check them out! Below we've collated some of the coolest designs for you to ogle at. Pretty cool, huh?
A big factor towards the popularity is the mystery element of Japanese joinery. Even until recent times, the techniques for making certain joinery designs were kept a fiercely guarded secret of family carpentry guilds, and away from public knowledge.
However, several years ago, a young Japanese man who had a passion for Japanese joinery collected joinery books from all over the world to gain more understanding about them. Sadly, he found that the books were not helpful because the two-dimension stills made it difficult to visualise how the joints come together.
So then he came up with a solution, using all of the books he found he used his woodworking experience to create three-dimensional, clear to understand illustrations in a program called Fusion360. These animations created a satisfying and easy way for the public to appreciate how these joinery designs work, and now the world can visualise them for the first time ever.
This young Japanese man solved the mystery of Japanese joinery and now we get to see the incredible art that goes into this beautiful and intriguing carpentry. You can see his full collection of joinery illustrations on his Twitter: _USER_
Although having revealed the secrets of the Japanese joinery trade, the carpenter himself remains an unnamed mystery.
The man behind the revolution though has hopes that Japanese joinery will always be a popular way to create structures, and in sharing some of the techniques online has ignited further passion in the joinery industry.
The complex cuts needed to create these joints have traditionally been too expensive to use in standard homes for structural building or furniture. However, with the constant rise in technology and 3D-printing techniques, not only will it be more affordable and reliable, it will continue to get easier to create complex forms with digital designing software.
Enjoy this article? Share this new trend and be part the innovation! Or if you share one of the cool designs above, include our handle _USER_ so we can see which you liked the most!
Was this post helpful?


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Not everyone bleeds their first time. The hymen doesn't cover the opening of the vagina. It's not something you have to "break" to have sex. It is more like a stretchy ring of skin around the vaginal opening. Hymens sometimes bleed the first time, because they are tighter/tougher. But some people's hymens' are naturally stretchy or just out of the way. Sex can loosen or tear a tighter hymen, but everyday life, and friction from clothes, menstruation, or just biology can wear away a hymen as well. And sometimes a hymen doesn't stay loose, and if you have sex, and then wait a long time till you have sex again, you might bleed again. In other words, "bleeding" doesn't prove your virginity.
There is no medical definition of virginity. It's all just culture. It changes through history. There is no real test to prove your virginity. Many modern women define their virginity differently. There are many types of sexual activity. Some people count all experiences as "sex," some believe they can do everything but penis-to-vagina sex and still be virgins, and some still consider themselves virgins until they have sex with someone they really care about. It's up to you.
Men aren't forced to prove their virginity. They aren't subject to the same pressures as we are. It's just not fair. They can do scandalous things just as easily (if not easier) as we can.
No body has to live in your body, but you. duh.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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To send files or content to a track:
- Open your mail client.
- Attach the files to send to the track.
- Include links to other application resources. See:Sharing content from other applications and services
- Challo detects URLs of application resources to add them on the track, as an application entry.
- Add your the email address of the Challo Assistant as a recipient:
- Include any other track participants you want to send the file to.
- Participants you include become members of the track, if they are not already.
- See: Finding the Challo Assist for a Track
- Send the email.
Important: Your email provider may prevent certain files from being sent to the Track.
For details on file types Challo supports, see Adding content to your track.


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Yooper is a common term for residents of the Upper Penisula of Michigan. It is derived from the initials U.P. which is pronounced you-pee. U.P. stands for Upper Peninsula, as opposed to the lower peninsula of Michigan.
It is not a derogortory term. It is used mainly by residents of lower Michigan and Wisconsin.
That person is a yooper from Escanaba, Michigan.
Yoopers make fun of Trolls. Trolls are from 'down below', referring to lower Michigan.
Yoopers come from above the bridge, referring to the Mackinac Bridge, which separates upper Michigan from lower Michigan.
Yoopers have a habit of saying 'youse guy's' or often putting 'eh' after a statement. ie; Hey,youse guys, we're proud to be yoopers, eh?.
Someone who lives, OR WAS BORN, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
I am a Yooper. originally from Escanaba,MI, who lives in the Chicago area
A native or inhabitant of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Yoopers are known to be extremely friendly and welcoming people and make anyone feel at ease. Most tourists leave the UP with a feeling that they can't wait to return.
Like other areas of the US, there is a regional dialect.
The dialect most associated with the Upper Peninsula is one with a strong Finnish influence. The reason the Finnish language seems to have had the most lasting impression on the dialect of the Upper Peninsula goes back to the mining boom. When Finnish immigrants first came to the Upper Peninsula.
"It is one of the prettiest places in the world".
---Henry Ford, 1920's---
I'm a Yooper and proud of it! :)
found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Usually get stereotyped as having an accent when in all actuality many don't. A common misconception, many get the accent confused with that of Minnesotans. Those Yoopers who do carry the "accent" are usually transplants from other states and start speaking this way because they think they should. They are also the most generous and nicest people you will ever meet.
Out of Stater: So you're a yooper, eh?
Yooper: I don't fucking talk like that, and yes I do originate from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
someone who makes fun of trolls for their reaction to three feet of snow
troll: man, we got a lot of snow
troll: three feet, man!
troll: no school, man, it was sweet
yooper: you closed school for three feet of snow?!?!??!?
troll: you like excessive punctuation, don't you?
One who lives in the U.P. (Upper Peninsula of Michigan, above the bridge):more...
they shovel snow year-round
go skiing in -60*F weather without blinking an eye
recieve more than a foot of snow in order to get a snow day
incoorperate winter activities like snowmobiling and ice fishing into their everyday lives
say eh, you'se, and ya alot
generally don't care what others think
mining and logging were the first things that attracted people to the U.P., and they continue to do so today
wear plaid and orange...especially during hunting season
don't wear winter jackets until it gets under 0*F
sweat and freeze all in one day
go camping in igloos in the middle of winter
have only 3% of the population of Michigan
but 1/3 the land mass
almost everyone is of scandinavian decent...like Finnish or Swedish
think that the opening day of deer season (Nov. 15) is a 'national' holiday and school is off for at least 3 days
worship the Packers (NFL) from Green Bay
((our own state team, the Lions, we don't even like))
feel closer to Canada than to southern "Trolls" (people who live below the bridge)
((want to make a new state))
laugh at people who live less than 50 miles away than the bridge in "Troll-land" (down state) who have never been here (the U.P.)...or freak out when they come here
live in God's Country...and sorry, but if you've only driven through the souther part of the U.P., you haven't seen it here.
the biggest city is Marquette: population 22,000 people
anyone born and raised in the Upper Penninsula of Michigan. Loves ice fishing, drinking beer and eating pasties. It is normal say funny words like "aboot" "yah" and "eh"
Yoopers are SOOO sweet I want to crap my pants. "Say yah to da U.P. eh!"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Earth Friendly: Scoop on biodegradable cat litter
Meridith Byrd
By Meridith Byrd
A trip down the pet aisle might leave you wondering: what is the difference between all the types and brands of cat litter?
Clumping, flushable, natural clay, dust-free and environmentally friendly are some of the phrases you might see on the packaging.
Seeing "environmentally friendly" on a container of cat litter might leave you with the question, "Why wouldn't cat litter be good for the environment?" The answer lies in the way litters are manufactured.
Most brand-name cat litters are comprised of a type of clay called sodium bentonite. This mineral, which also contains silica, is known for its excellent absorbency. The clay is extracted from the earth by a process known as strip mining, defined by Wikipedia as "the practice of mining a seam of mineral by first removing a long strip of overlying soil and rock." Strip mining is extremely destructive to the environment and can impact the water resources of the surrounding area.
Many conventional litters can also produce a dust because of the silica contained in the bentonite; breathing in the silica dust can cause respiratory problems in cats.
An alternative is to buy an environmentally-friendly cat litter, often made of pine wood pellets, recycled newspaper, corn kernels, wheat or even sawdust. Unlike clay, these materials are renewable and will break down in a landfill. Feline Pine, World's Best Cat Litter and Swheat Scoop are among the brands available here in Victoria.
Feline Pine is made from reclaimed Southern yellow pine pellets, meaning that no new trees are cut down, and comes in original and clumping versions. The original type contains larger pellets that absorb liquid and then break down into smaller particles. The clumping type contains added guar gum to aid in clumping for easier scooping. The pine naturally absorbs and neutralizes the ammonia to control odor.
World's Best Cat Litter is another popular, biodegradable brand and is made of whole-kernel corn, grown in the U.S. The kernels are porous, absorbing moisture and odor when they clump. Litter can get trapped in a cat's paws and ultimately ingested during grooming, but since this litter is made of corn it is not toxic to animals and passes through the body without being digested.
Swheat Scoop is also biodegradable and nontoxic, made of U.S.-grown, non-food grade wheat. Naturally-occurring enzymes in the wheat control odors, while the starches promote clumping. The unused litter can actually be composted or used as mulch in flower gardens (not in vegetable gardens), once it has been scooped carefully.
All three are popular, highly-rated brands that avoid the use of silica.


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Anisotropy in Ic(B) characteristic of Bi(2223)/Ag tapes results in a considerable decrease in magnet critical current, if the magnet winding is only made with the multifilamentary tape prepared by a standard powder-in-tube (PIT) technique. In case of cylindrical windings, the turns in pancake coils, which are located at the magnet ends, have lower critical currents than those in the other parts of the winding. In order to eliminate this undesired effect, an intensive effort is exerted to develop the tapes which have the filaments with the c-axis oriented in some other direction than the perpendicular one to the broad tape face of the tape is. In this work we present the results of calculations of critical currents of individual turns if such tapes, prepared by a novel tape-in-rectangular tube (TIRT) technique, are utilized in different parts of the winding. The analysis shows that the magnet design has always to be carried out with respect to both the magnetic field distribution in the winding and the specific properties of the tape to be used. This means that the orientation of the filaments in the TIRT tape of each pancake is to be determined with respect to the properties of the local magnetic field. This technology, which may lead to higher critical currents of individual turns, and consequently to higher critical current of the magnet, is discussed together with the natural limitations of engineering current density with respect to practical aspects of applying tape-in-rectangular tube technique to production of the Bi-based tapes with specifically oriented filaments.
Date of Publication: Mar 2002


World's First Pressure-based Gait Authentication System
Biometric Physical Security • Multi-Subject Tracking • Real-Time Streaming of Data
Stepscan® Secure is the world's first pressure-based gait-authentication system for access control. Stepscan® is the only company producing modular pressure-sensitive flooring that is large enough to capture many footsteps of natural gait leading to a secure area. It is configurable to suit most any space or hallway.
Stepscan® also has developed the world's first in multiple subject tracking based on real-time streaming of footprint data. This enables us to collect the footprint paths/tracks of multiple individuals simultaneously and combine the footprints in each person's path for added verification accuracy.
Based on the above features of our Stepscan® platform and research supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) we have shown that we are able to analyze various features of a person's gait and foot/floor interactions and differentiate individuals just by their walking patterns.
security gate
Features at a Glance:
 - Gait samples for registration can be acquired passively during initial entries
 - Unobtrusive scanning as part of entrance system
 - Indiscernible to the public/would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating
 - Very difficult to steal/hack a person's gait to bypass system
Dual Authentication Access Control • Next-Level Security
Access control is an integral part of any business or facility's security, ensuring that only those with proper authority and credentials gain access. To enhance security measures many facilities are now moving to 2-Factor or Multi-Factor Authentication methods. They are usually a combination of a knowledge factor (PIN code), a Possession Factor (key card) and an Inherent factor (usually a biometric method such as a fingerprint, face or retinal scan).
2-Factor authentication helps ensure that the person attempting to gain access is who they say they are and reduces the risk of unauthorized access due to stolen passwords or key cards.
Stepscan's® pressure-based gait authentication system uses a subject's gait as the biometric authentication, providing next-level of security unavailable with any other system:
 - Passive registration - unlike other biometric technologies which require formal user registration, gait samples for registration can be acquired silently during initial entries reducing burden to both the staff and those seeking access.
 - Unobtrusive - A key feature of most biometrics is that the user must present themselves (e.g. finger, hand, iris, face etc) to a sensor and be scanned. Gait is a natural movement that usually takes place leading up to a secure entrance. It is completely unobtrusive.
 - Indiscernible - Because a user isn't required to actively present themselves for inspection, there is also the potential for making it hidden - and generally unknown to would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating - The flooring solution can be used to detect when two or more individuals enter a secure space only on the authentication of one individual.
 - Very secure - As gait is a by-product of a person's biomechanical makeup, it cannot easily be mimicked.
Watch Stepscan® Secure At Work
News from Stepscan
Interested in learning more?
Talk to a Stepscan Product Specialist to discuss your specific needs and to see what Stepscan can do for you.


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Vocabulary: at the park
In the summer, we like to hang out at the park, where the refreshing shade of trees keeps us cool on mild afternoons… and in Spain you'll see plenty of parks! Since we know that sooner or later you'll end up spending a lot of time at one of these places relaxing or studying, we've decided to give you a Spanish vocabulary list of things that you'll find there.
- Columpio: Swing, you know, a small seat attached to a pair of hanging chains on which kids swing back and forth, sometimes at dizzying speeds.
- Balancín: Seasaw or teeter totter, a metal plank held up in the middle upon which a kid seated on either end alternates moving up and down.
- Tobogán: Slide, a slippery graded surface over which children slide down at great speeds. This is something of a false friend of the English word "tobbogan", meaning a type of sled.
- Fuente: Fountain, this structure could be anything from a block of cement to a sculpture that sprays water. Before drinking from a water fountain, make sure the water is potable.
- Banco: Bench, a metal or wooden seat that may be more or less decorated where you can sit and rest or chat, etc.
- Estanque: Pond, this may or may not accompany a fountain. A well maintained pond may even contain fish.
- Césped: Lawn, an extension of grass which you may or may not lay down on to rest, depending on how strict the local authorities are.
- Quiosco (or kiosco): Kiosk, many old parks have quioscos in which musicians perform for park-goers. There's also another type of quiosco, which is like a newspaper stand where newspapers, magazines, and candy are sold.
We hope this vocab list helps you have a pleasant and relaxing afternoon at the park, a great place to forget about your worries and disconnect for a while!


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Introducing the ART of TOUCH:
The Open Museum's Touch Tables
An exciting, innovative new art resource for people in the later stages of dementia or with more severe learning disabilities, has recently been developed by Leicestershire's Open Museum.
Consultation the Open Museum has undertaken revealed that carers can sometimes be nervous about using real art and museum objects in case they get damaged or are thrown. This has meant that people who could particularly benefit from handling and touching objects, can sometimes be excluded from art and reminiscence sessions. Leicestershire's Open Museum Service was keen to find a solution to this. Working in consultation with carers, art therapists in Leicestershire care homes, and a Senior Lecturer on dementia from De Montfort University, two new interactive Touch Tables have been created.
Select any image on this page to view a larger photo
These Touch Tables contain interactive art in the form of "Touch Tiles". A total of 22 interactive "Touch Tiles" have been created by especially commissioned artists. Four tiles are inserted into the table at a time, and 11 pieces are supplied with each table, allowing them to be swapped round while in use.
The touch senses remain the strongest stimulus after hearing and sight has deteriorated, and people with dementia are drawn to things they can find tangible through touch – in many cases finding comfort in the sensations felt through the finger tips. Each Touch Table has been designed with this in mind, and is the result of extensive testing with, and feedback from, target users.
The tables make art accessible, encouraging interaction and response to visual and touch stimulus. The impact that each "Touch Tile" has varies but generally their effect is calming soothing, entertaining, and in some cases, responses can be amusing and humorous!
The tables are height adjustable to allow wheel chairs to be wheeled under, and they can be tilted like an easel so users can come into close contact with the artworks. Users who have a tendency to wander will be able to come back to them time and time again as the interactive pieces are changed round.
We hope the Touch Tables will provide an all round enjoyable experience for everyone!
Contact the Open Museum for further information about the Touch Table and how you can use it.
Page Last Updated: 30 June 2011


Wannier U matrices, ''spex.kolap'' - Overlap matrices for Wannier construction) or read from the files if they exist. With ''RESTART SIG'', Spex reads the self-energy from the files ''spex.sigx'' and ''spex.sigc'', which are always written in ''GW/HF FULL'' calculations. (Default false)
''STOREIBZ'': Wave functions are only stored in the IBZ rather than in the full BZ. This decreases the memory demand considerably but slows down the calculation somewhat because wave functions must be regenerated when needed. (Default false)
''WRITE q1 q2...'': Tells Spex to write the head element of the specified quantities ''q1/2='' ''SUSCEP'', ''DIELEC'' or ''SCREEN'' to a file. Optionally a job number can be specified in brackets, as in ''WRITE SUSCEP(2)''. If one of these quantities are explicitly defined in the job definition, they are automatically written to files. With ''q1=INFO'', Spex writes preliminary results to several output files. Consult the :ref:'tutorials' for details. (Default none)
''WRTKPT'': Tells Spex to write out the k-point set and exit. (Default false)
Section ''MBASIS''
''ADDBAS'': Augments mixed basis by the radial {u} functions (according to first part of SELECT entry). This improves the basis convergence for COHSEX calculations. (Default false)
''CHKPROD'': Checks the accuracy of the MT product basis. (Default false)
''GCUT G'': G cutoff for the IPWs of the mixed basis.
''LCUT l'': l cutoffs (one for each atom type) for the mixed basis.
''NOAPW'': Switches off construction of "product APWs", which are continuous at the MT sphere boundary. (Default false)
''OPTIMIZE'': Optimize mixed basis for correlation self-energy. Consult the :ref:'tutorials' for details. (Default none)
''SELECT l1,l3,lo1;l2,l4,lo2'': Selection of the MT radial functions from which the mixed basis is constructed. Consult the :ref:'tutorials' for details.
''TOL t'': Tolerance value for the removal of linear dependencies from the MT part of the mixed basis. (Default 0.0001)
(''WFADJUST''): Removes wavefunction coefficients belonging to radial functions that are not used to construct the MT product basis. (Currently the coefficients are actually not removed from the memory.) (Default false)
Section ''COULOMB''
''CHKCOUL'': Performs checks on the Coulomb matrix: (1) Project on plane waves and see whether we get :math:'{v_{\mathbf{GG'}}=4\pi \delta_{\mathbf{GG'}}/ |\mathbf{k+G}|^2 }', (2) compare largest eigenvalue of Coulomb matrix to :math:'{4\pi / k^2}'. (Default false)
(''CUTZERO''): Removes linear dependencies in the overlap matrix of the mixed basis. Otherwise, in the case of a large ''GCUT'' the diagonalization of the Coulomb matrix might fail due to numerical rounding errors in LAPACK. (Default false)
''LEXP'': l cutoff for the expansion of plane waves inside MT spheres. (Default 14)
''NOSTORE'': The default is to precalculate and keep the Coulomb matrices for all k points in memory. With this keyword the matrices are calculated whenever they are needed. This reduces the memory demand but somewhat slows down the calculation. Unless ''APPROXPW'' is chosen, this also applies to the overlap-correction matrix. (Only affects HF and QP calculations.) (Default false)
(''STEPRAD K''): Uses the Fourier transform of the step function as an alternative to the Rayleigh expansion for representing the IPWs and prints the resulting difference. The parameter ''K'' is the corresponding reciprocal cutoff radius. Only for testing. (Default none)
(''TSTCOUL''): Similar to ''CHKCOUL'' but regenerates MT part of the mixed basis from spherical Bessel functions and stops after the test. (Default false)
Section ''WFPROD''
(''APPROXPW''): Since version 02.03 the plane-wave part of the wave-function products are calculated exactly leading to much better convergence with respect to ''GCUT''. However, the exact evaluation takes considerably more time. If ''APPROXPW'' is set, the old and approximate calculation of the products is used instead. (Default false)
''LCUT l'':Optional l cutoffs (one for each atom type) for the wave functions in the calculation of the products. (Default none)
''MTTHR d'': Threshold value below which wave-function coefficients are neglected. (1E-10 is a safe choice.) (Default 0)
(''MINCPW n''): Modifies the IPW wave-function coefficients such that their absolute values become as small as possible. This reduces the error in the evaluation of the wave-function products arising from the finite G cutoff and leads to better convergence with respect to ''GCUT'' and smoother band structures, when ''APPROXPW'' is used. The coefficients can be modified, because the set of IPWs is overcomplete. If set, the eigenvectors of the overlap matrix with the ''n'' smallest eigenvalues are used for this modification. Note that it only makes sense to use this together with ''APPROXPW''. (Default 0)
''FFT gcut'': Employs Fast Fourier transformation for the calculation of the plane-wave part of the wave-function products. Scales much better with system size than the direct (default) evaluation. Requires a reciprocal cutoff ''gcut''. The exact limit is :math:'gcut=GCUT{+2k_{\mathrm{max}}}', where :math:'{k_{\mathrm{max}}}' is the PW cutoff of the DFT calculation, but much lower cutoffs are enough; try with ''gcut=8'' for example. If no ''gcut'' is given, Spex uses the exact limit. (Default none)
Section ''SUSCEP''
''DISORDER'' :math:'{\tau}': Replaces the infinitesimal :math:'{i\eta}' by the finite frequency :math:'{i/2\tau}' in the response function. (Default none)
(''FSPEC N x''): Deprecated keyword. Use ''HILBERT'' instead. (Default none)
''HILBERT d x'': Defines the exponential frequency mesh for the Hilbert transformation in one of two ways: (1) ''d'' is the difference between the first (set at the band gap value or zero) mesh point :math:'{\omega_1}' and the second mesh point :math:'{\omega_2}', and :math:'x' is the factor :math:'{x=(\omega_{i+1}-\omega_i)/(\omega_i-\omega_{i-1})}'; (2) if ''d'' is an integer, it is interpreted as the number of mesh points in the range :math:'{{\omega_1}..5 htr}', and ''x'' is interpreted as the stretching factor "acquired at 5 htr", i.e., :math:'{x^{1/N}}' is the corresponding factor defined in (1). (Default 0.01 1)
:comment Alternatively, the first argument ''N'' can be a real number in which case it is interpreted as the first nonzero mesh point. Latest version: A negative second argument means the stretching factor that is reached after {N} points, i.e., :math:'{x^N}'. (Default 30 1.05):)
''HUBBARD file'': Calculates Hubbard parameters. If the optional filename ''file'' is given, the Hubbard parameters are read from (written to) ''file'' if it exists (does not exist). (Default false)
''MULTDIFF ON'' or ''OFF'': If set "ON" (and ''MB/PW='' is used), the BZ integrand in the calculation of the head and wing elements of the polarization function (not for the magnetic susceptibility) is multiplied by KS energy differences. (The integration weights are correspondingly adjusted.) For a small (or zero) '''k''' vector this leads to better numerics (because the integrand is exactly inversely proportional to the KS energy differences in the case '''k=0'''). (Default ''ON '' for '''k=0''', ''OFF'' else)
''PLASMA p'': Sets the plasma frequency at ''p''. ''p=METAL'': use metallic screening. (Default none)
(''TETRAF''): If set, tetrahedron weights are only calculated in the (extended) irreducible part of the BZ. This accelerates the calculation of the weights considerably but introduces slight deviations due to symmetry breaking. (Default false)
''WGHTTHR w'': Sets a threshold value for the (tetrahedron) weights. All transition with weights below ''w'' are neglected. (Default :math:'{10^{-10}}')
Section ''SENERGY''
(''ALIGNVXC''): Aligns chemical potential to quasiparticle state of highest occupied state. (Default false)
''CONTINUE (n)'': If the optional (and


Gary Payne Interview
Finding C-level Talent
Family-owned Businesses
The Gary Payne Interview was conducted by the editors of the Family Business Experts, the web organization for the Family Business Institute. FBE: Why is it a good idea for a Family-Owned Business to use a Retained Executive Search firm when outside leadership is needed?
Gary Payne: First, the primary advantage that an Executive Search firm should be able to bring to a family-owned business is a search process that will ensure that your business is hiring the BEST candidate, not just a SUITABLE candidate or the best candidate in your Rolodex. As you move forward from generation to generation, statistics show that survivability percentages decrease dramatically. The best way to mitigate this risk to the family-owned business is to ensure that you are getting the absolute best fit available for your critical need.
FBE: What are some good questions that we can ask a Search firm to ensure they can deliver on the best candidate for my company's critical outside the family leadership need?
Gary Payne: Some good questions to ask an executive search firm to ensure they provide quality service include:
1. Is the firm accredited by the AESC? (Association of Executive Search Consultants)?
2. Does the firm have written, clearly articulated and consistently executed search processes that you fully understand?
3. What is the firm's successful delivery or completion rate? Offer acceptance rate?
4. Does the firm track its performance? Retention rate?
5. Few executive placements fail occur because of an inappropriate resume. Most fail due to a misalignment of other critical success factors such as contribution, culture, character, attitudes, behaviors and aspirations. How do they assess these factors?
6. Does the firm conduct comprehensive primary research? Do they depend primarily on databases and informal networks?
7. How many personal contacts will be made and who specifically will make them?
8. How many of your competitors are off limits to the search firm?
9. Does the firm include specific performance expectations in its search spec?
10. Does the firm utilize structured interviewing? Who will conduct the interviews?
11. Who conducts reference checks? When? How many? In what format?
12. Who conducts background investigations and in what manner?
13. How long will the search take?
14. Who specifically will be doing the work?
15. Is the firm flexible and capable of customizing my specific engagement?
FBE: What are the critical success factors that determine whether an executive will be successful in a family business?
Gary Payne: As we have refined and developed our Search Process, we have evaluated over 3000 searches performed by other search firms. Rarely is there not a match of the resume with the job description.
However, The Harvard Business Review reports that research indicates that the Retention Rate of Executive hires, across all industries at the two year mark, is an astoundingly low 54%.
The reason for this low retention is not the resume match. In our research, Executive failure typically is attributable to mismatches in factors such as Culture, Values (Family and Corporate), Mission, Valued Behaviors, Political environment, upfront understanding of family involvement/leadership in the business, leadership attributes, management abilities, the opportunity both now and in the future, specific performance expectations, the location of the opportunity… the works!
Therefore, you must have a specific methodology and process to make sure all of these key factors are addressed specifically.
FBE: How does your process ensure that these factors are addressed appropriately?
Gary Payne: The first step in the our Search Process, which truly sets the stage for a successful search, is the Needs Assessment Phase.
During this phase, a number of critical pieces of information is gathered which is critical for the Search firm to focus on during the search.
At the most basic level, information on the company's mission, vision, strategy and most current initiatives are developed.
Then, the issue of culture would be developed - questions such as the current morale within the company, marketplace perception of the company, an understanding of the behaviors that are valued by the family, how does the family stakeholders view humility, what style of leadership is valued, etc.
This information is then developed in order to tailor the specific candidate questionnaire which each candidate will document and fill out. This allows the search firm to see how each candidate specifically addresses issues that are unique and specific to the family-owned business.
Next, the Search firm will interview the candidate in person, often several times, addressing these factors in detail. If the candidate is chosen as a potential finalist candidate, one of the most important aspect of the qualification process is performed – the 360 degree reference check with 2 each of the candidate's prior superiors, peers, and subordinates.
We tailor the specific reference questions specifically to the information which was gathered during the Needs Assessment phase.
In almost every case, the results of the 360 degree reference checks require us to revisit specific issues with the candidate which need to be addressed.
If the candidate makes it to a finalist stage, a 30-40 page document will be delivered for each candidate with information on work history, the results of the candidate questionnaire form, specific results of the 360 degree reference checks (anonymous) which also includes a rating of the candidates attributes which are compared to a self assessment as well as the client's rating of importance of various attributes.
All of this information is of critical importance to ensure that family stakeholders and others are able to conduct the most efficient and effective interviews possible to determine fit.
Our process has led to a 92% retention rate of executive placements at the 2 year mark as opposed to an industry average of 54%.
To achieve these results takes a commitment to the process and focus on the critical success factors developed up front with the family-owned business.
FBE: How do you assess a candidate's ability to effectively operate within the specific culture of the family owned business?
Gary Payne: First, during the initial stages of a search, a clear understanding and picture of the culture of the business must be established, including the personalities of active family members as well as other executives within the business.
In addition, behaviors that are valued within the family and corporate culture must be understood, especially how humility is viewed.
Our process uses from three to four specific methods to qualify culture and personality fit. One is through a series of specific tailored questions during the Candidate Self Evaluation questionnaire stage. Candidates are asked to document specific examples of how they have handled environments and situations that are similar to that found in the Family Business.
Second, specific questions around culture are addressed during the 360 degree reference checks of two each of superiors, peers, and subordinates.
Third, the candidate is asked specific questions in the personal interview process to give examples that are pertinent to the Family Business' culture.
And, finally, for some searches, we will do a personality profile test for final verification of fit.
FBE: Do you handle leadership needs only in the U.S. or do you have capability internationally?
Gary Payne: Approximately 30% of our work is for executive leadership opportunities outside the U.S. For one, our firm has offices overseas in Singapore and China.
We are affiliated with Transearch which provides us access to over 60 Retained Search firms throughout the world, all of which have been evaluated for quality of services and customer satisfaction.
In addition, our Search Process is designed to source and qualify candidates using a specific strategy that our clients are intimately involved in helping to develop – for example, who are the highly regarded competitors from whom we should be sourcing candidates from, etc.
Because the Search Process is developed and agreed to with client input, there is no stone not unturned as to how we source quality candidates for each search.
FBE: How does the search for an outside board member differ from a hired executive employee in a family owned business?
Gary Payne: In essence, the process to ensure the right fit for a potential outside Family Business Board Member is very similar to that which we use for other leadership/executive searches. Industry experience, background, culture fit, sensitivity to family issues, performance expectations, etc., are all critical factors to ensure the Family Stakeholders get the right value from the services of the Board Member. These are in addition to the experiences and background that the potential Board Candidates would bring to the firm.
If you have a question you would like to ask Gary Payne - please use our ASK THE EXPERT form!
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text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Purpura \Pur"pu*ra\, n. [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See Purple.] 1. (Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. --Dunglison. [1913 Webster] 2. (Zool.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye. [1913 Webster]


text:
Abstract: Gladiators at Pompeii: Roman Spectacle in a Small Town
Lecturer: Steven Tuck
Pompeii offers archaeologists unique evidence for arena spectacle such as gladiatorial combat, prisoner executions and animal hunts. Thanks to its superb preservation we can study, as from nowhere else in the ancient world, the facts of these arena spectacles, how they worked and how they were integrated into the life of a small Roman town. In this lecture we visit a gladiatorial training school which provides the only extant armor from Roman gladiators, examine the oldest amphitheater we have from the Roman world and analyze the ramifications of games for the city. We also trace the imagery of gladiators at Pompeii and see where and why pictures of gladiators end up on virtually every possible surface in both public and private space in the city.
Short bibliography and/or website on lecture topic:
Tuck, S. "Representations of Sport and Spectacle in Roman Art" A Companion to Ancient Sport and SpectacleBlackwell Publishing, 2011
Tuck, S. "Scheduling Spectacle: Factors contributing to the dates of Pompeian munera" Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 19: 25-34, 2008


text:
Interior: Plants warrant federal protection
The federal government has declared two western Colorado wildflowers to be candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act, conservation groups say.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar determined the skiff milkvetch and Scholl's milkvetch warrant but can't be listed for protection because of higher priorities, WildEarth Guardians and the Center for Native Ecoystems said in a news release.
Colorado is the only state where the plants are found, the groups said. The skiff milkvetch, which gets its name from its boat-shaped fruits, occupies just 83 acres in Gunnison and Saguache counties. Schmoll's milkvetch has a total of four populations, and is found on mesa tops in Mesa Verde National Park and the Ute Mountain Ute reservation.
Drought, climate change and proliferation of cheatgrass, a nonnative species, are considered threats to both plants. Livestock grazing, development, and roads and trails are among other threats to the skiff milkvetch, the groups say.


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I was looking at a book of FEM on problems of Diffusion-Transport.
$$-div(\mu \nabla u) + b \cdot \nabla u + \gamma u = f \qquad in~\Omega$$ $$u = 0 \qquad in~\partial\Omega\text{ (in the boundaries)}$$
It says that if $\displaystyle \frac{|b|}{\mu} \gg 1$ then the problem is a problem dominated by transport.
Taking some stuff from the previous chapter, more precisely the Galerking analysis of stability and convergence, and the approximation of the error, we have
$$\displaystyle M \cong \mu + |b| \qquad \textrm{continuity constant}$$ $$\alpha = \mu \qquad \textrm{coercivity constant}$$
Then it has $$\displaystyle \frac{M}{\alpha} \cong1+\frac{|b|}{\mu} \gg 1$$
As a consequence of that, it concludes that, the estimation of the error is $$\displaystyle ||u -u_h|| ≤C\frac{M}{\alpha}h^r|u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$$
which tell us that the Galerkin's method could give unsatisfactory results if the space step $h$ isn't small enough.
I Can't understand how can it conclude such thing. Any idea? Please, do not give complex explanations, I'm just trying to understand this FEM stuff, I'm a computer science student more than a math one.
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I'm not exactly clear what your question is? Which of the steps you state is not clear to you? – Wolfgang Bangerth Jan 22 '13 at 2:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
If you follow the analysis until the last equation, then you can see the problem. You write:
$|| u-u_h|| \le C \frac{M}{\alpha} h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
which from the expression just above it could also be written as
$|| u-u_h|| \le C \left(1+\frac{|b|}{\mu}\right) h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
Now say you want to solve a problem for a fixed mesh size. In the first problem $|b|=\mu$, then you have
$|| u-u_h|| \le 2C h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
Now you move to the next problem and the transport is strong compared to diffusion, $|b|=10^4 \mu$.
$|| u-u_h|| \le 10^4 C h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
So on a mesh with fixed size, the second solution is orders of magnitude worse. The only way to improve it is to decrease $h$ to an amount that resolves the transport scale (counteracting the huge constant).
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I can see that the second solution is worse, so I suppose we decide to reduce the step size $h$ because is the only parameter that we can manipulate to make that result better, is that true? – BRabbit27 Jan 22 '13 at 7:37
Yes, that is why $h$ must be'small enough'. – Nathan Collier Jan 22 '13 at 8:19
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text: Tanglewood is on U.S. Highway 77 five miles northwest of Lexington in northwestern Lee County. The area was first settled in 1856 by the Rev. Hugh Wilson, who founded the String Prairie Presbyterian Church there. After the Civil War a small settlement began to develop around the church. The town is said to have been named by two sisters who were reading a book called Tanglewood Tales. A post office was opened there in 1880, and by 1884 Tanglewood had three churches, a public school, a steam gristmill and cotton gin, and a general store. The business district was originally a mile east of its present site. When the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway was built in the early 1890s it bypassed the town, so Tanglewood residents decided to move closer to the tracks. A new townsite was platted in 1894, and most of the structures were moved to the new location. Reverend Wilson's church was drawn by mules on large log rollers to its new site. After 1900 three general stores, three cotton mills, and a broom factory owned by Henry Kelley were in operation, and during the 1905–06 school year the public school enrolled forty-two students. In 1914 the population of Tanglewood was estimated at 100, but after the early 1920s the town began to decline. Membership in the Presbyterian church dropped, the church was dissolved in 1922, and its congregation moved to Dime Box. The population of Tanglewood was reported at seventy-five in 1925 but dropped to forty by the early 1950s, when the town had two businesses. In 1950 the school was consolidated with the Lexington Independent School District. The population of Tanglewood was estimated at forty-eight in the early 1970s, and at that time the community had a general store, an antique shop, a real estate office, and a Baptist church. The population was still reported as forty-eight through 2000.


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Let $n$ be a natural number, and consider the discrete cube $2^{[n]} := \{ A: A \subset \{1,\ldots,n\}\}$ consisting of all subsets of the $n$-element set $[n] := \{1,\ldots,n\}$. Define a downset in $2^{[n]}$ to be a collection ${\mathcal D}$ of elements $A$ in $2^{[n]}$ with the property that if $A \in {\mathcal D}$ and $B \subset A$, then $B \in {\mathcal D}$.
My question is: what are the largest and smallest possible values for the alternating sum $\sum_{A \in {\mathcal D}} (-1)^{|A|}$, as ${\mathcal D}$ ranges over downsets in $2^{[n]}$, as a function of $n$? (Here $|A|$ denotes the cardinality of $A$.)
The trivial bounds here are $\pm 2^{n-1}$, by taking only the positive or negative values of ${\mathcal D}$, but of course these values are attained on a "checkerboard" set which is very far from being a downset, and this suggests that significant improvement is possible.
By taking ${\mathcal D}$ to be the set of all subsets $A$ of $2^{[n]}$ of cardinality at most $r$ for some $1 \leq r \leq n-1$, this gives a value of $(-1)^r \binom{n-1}{r}$; setting $r$ close to $(n-1)/2$ then seems to give reasonably good extremals (of size about $2^n/\sqrt{n}$ asymptotically). In the spirit of Sperner's lemma, one might tentatively conjecture that these are the extremal examples, but I was unable to prove or disprove this. (I feel like I'm missing some obvious application of downset isoperimetric inequalities or something.)
One motivation for this question is from analytic number theory: partial divisor sums $\sum_{d|a: d \leq x} \mu(d)$ of the Mobius function (which show up from time to time in this subject) can be viewed as an alternating sum over a downset, where $n$ is the number of prime factors $p_1,\ldots,p_n$ of $a$, and ${\mathcal D}$ is the collection of subsets $A$ of $[n]$ for which $\prod_{i \in A} p_i \leq x$. So any bounds on the general alternating-sum-of-downset problem would imply bounds on partial divisor sums of the Mobius function that depend only on the number of prime factors.
One small observation (using the shifting technology of Frankl) which may or may not be of use: given two natural numbers $1 \leq i < j \leq n$ and a downset ${\mathcal D}$, define the $ij$-shift of ${\mathcal D}$ to be the set formed by replacing any element of ${\mathcal D}$ of the form $A \cup \{j\}$ with $A \cup \{i\}$, if $A$ is disjoint from $\{i,j\}$ and $A \cup \{i\}$ is not already in A. Note that this is again a downset. Call a downset ${\mathcal D}$ shift-minimal if it is equal to all of its $ij$-shifts. Then one can reduce without loss of generality to the shift-minimal case, because shifting does not affect the sum $\sum_{A \in {\mathcal D}} (-1)^{|A|}$. In other contexts, the reduction to the shift-minimal case can be very powerful, but for some strange reason I was unable to exploit it here.
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Possibly related: mathoverflow.net/questions/91712/… (since your sum is the euler characteristic of the down-set). – Erik Aas Jul 9 '12 at 17:31
_USER_: That does indeed look relevant, in particular the paper of Sagan-Yeh-Ziegler mentioned in David's answer seems to settle the question (at least for the absolute value of the alternating sum) in the case when the downset is an order ideal. It looks like there is now some serious evidence for the tentative conjecture stated above... – Terry Tao Jul 9 '12 at 17:41
_USER_ It looks to me like the definition of a downset is the same as an order ideal. What am I missing? – David Speyer Jul 9 '12 at 19:39
Ah, yes on reading that paper they are using the term "lower order ideal" synonymously with "downset". (In the lattice theory literature, "order ideal" often also requires closure with respect to join, see e.g. _URL_(order_theory), but that would make the concept trivial in the context of subsets of the cube.) – Terry Tao Jul 9 '12 at 20:06
... huh, it seems I was incorrect on that point: the notion of an "order ideal" is distinct from that of an "order-theoretic ideal"! A bit confusing (and all the more reason to use the terminology "downset", in my opinion...) – Terry Tao Jul 9 '12 at 20:29
5 Answers 5
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Thanks for all the very quick responses,they were incredibly useful! Based on these responses, I think the conjecture is now settled in the affirmative, as follows.
For each n, let $F_-(n)$ and $F_+(n)$ be the minimal and maximal values of $\sum_{A \in {\mathcal D}} (-1)^{|A|}$ respectively. The conjecture is that $F_-(n), F_+(n)$ are the extremal values of $(-1)^r \binom{n-1}{r}$ for $r=0,\ldots,n-1$. More explicitly,
$$ F_-(n) = -\binom{n-1}{n/2}, F_+(n) = \binom{n-1}{n/2}$$
when $n$ is even,
$$ F_-(n) = -\binom{n-1}{(n-1)/2}, F_+(n) = \binom{n-1}{(n+1)/2}$$
when $n=3 \mod 4$, and
$$ F_-(n) = -\binom{n-1}{(n+1)/2}, F_+(n) = \binom{n-1}{(n-1)/2}$$
when $n=1 \mod 4$. As mentioned in the post, these bounds would be best possible.
By slicing an n-dimensional downset into two n-1-dimensional downsets, one obtains the inequalities
$$ F_-(n-1)-F_+(n-1) \leq F_-(n) \leq F_+(n) \leq F_+(n-1) - F_-(n-1)$$
which already gives most of the conjecture by induction and Pascal's identity; the only remaining cases that need separate verification are
$$F_+(n) = \binom{n-1}{(n+1)/2} \qquad (1)$$
when n is 3 mod 4, and
$$F_-(n) = -\binom{n-1}{(n+1)/2} \qquad (2)$$
when n is 1 mod 4.
Let's show (1), as the proof of (2) is similar. Fix n equal to 3 mod 4, and let ${\mathcal D}$ be a downset which attains the maximal value $F_+(n)$ of $\sum_{A \in {\mathcal D}} (-1)^{|A|}$:
$$ \sum_{A \in {\mathcal D}} (-1)^{|A|} = F_+(n).$$
Now introduce the "f-vector" $(f_0,\ldots,f_n)$ of $A$, with $f_i := |\{ A \in {\mathcal D}: |A|=i\}|$ defined as the number of elements of ${\mathcal D}$ of cardinality $i$. (This is shifted by one from the polytope conventions, I guess because i points determine an i-1-dimensional simplex.) Then we have
$$ f_0 - f_1 + \ldots - f_n = F_+(n).$$
Let r be the largest index for which $f_r$ is non-zero, or equivalently the largest cardinality of an element of ${\mathcal D}$. (We can treat the degenerate case when ${\mathcal D}$ is empty by hand.) If $r$ was odd, we could simply remove all $r$-element sets from ${\mathcal D}$ and increase the alternating sum, so we may assume that $r$ is even, so the alternating sum looks like $f_0 - f_1 + \ldots - f_{r-1} + f_r


Patient — Collections
Collections allow you to analyze population statistics, study variation, and establish benchmarks across a group of patients. A patient can belong to one or more collections, allowing you to analyze diverse but intersecting cross sections of the patients in your organization. The patient collection tab lists the collections to which the current patient belongs. Use this guide to learn about adding a patient to one or more collections in your organization.
Viewing Patient Collections
When you access a patient, click on the Collections tab to view the patient collections. The main content area is blank and is reserved for future patient collection content. On the left is the collections sidebar, which contains a list of the collections to which the patient belongs. A patient can be added to a collection with or without a representative patient object. If the representative object for a patient collection matches the primary patient object from the patient object hierarchy, it will appear as a standard list item. Otherwise, the collection will appear with a grayed out, italicized style.
Hovering over a grayed out collection allows you to see which patient object belongs to the collection.
The Primary Patient Object from the Patient Hierarchy
On the patient Browse tab, the "primary patient object" (or primary object) is the lowest active object in the patient hierarchy (active objects being those with green checkmarks). For example, in the first image below, the primary patient object is the dose, whereas in the second image, the primary patient object is the plan.
Updating Patient Collections
 1. With the Collections tab activated, press the Edit button at the top of the sidebar.
 2. Use the checkboxes aligned to the right of each row to select the collections to which you wish to add the patient. Note that checkboxes will be shown in the indeterminate state if the primary patient object (see above) does not match the representative entity for the patient in that collection.
 3. Press the Save button.
 4. Once you've read and understood the confirmation message, check the confirmation checkbox, and press the Save button.
Representative Patient Objects
Computed metrics, like those reported on patient and collection scorecards, are derived from a patient's dose. Therefore, it's usually best to use the patient dose as the representative patient object when adding patients to collections.
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text:
- First thing to do when linking consoles together is making one console a Master and the other a Slave. This is done by pressing SETUP, tabbing to ConfigUnder Synchronization have one console set to Local (master) and the other AES50 A Port (Slave).
- A typical MON & FOH console setup would consist of plugging your microphones into the monitor console (near stage) then run one CAT 5 cable (AES50 A Port, for example) from the Monitor console to the Front of House console. By default, Channels are set to Local.
- Press the ROUTING button, then stay on the HOME tab. Change the Inputs to AES50 A 1-8, AES50 A 9-16, AES50 A 17-24, AES50 A 25-32. The console will now have the same signal the monitor console has.
How to setup X32 in FOH + MON config to where FOH outs come out of MON console to speakers.
One way to do this:
- When using 2 X32s together as you described, the console that has the Mics physically connected to it is the one controlling the gain (in your scenario, this would be the monitor console).
- The FOH console would have a digital trim of + or - 12dB.
- To assign the FOH Main Output to the outputs on the Monitor desk takes a few steps.
On the FOH Console:
1. On the ROUTING menu, go to the "analog out" tab. Assign your Main LR to Out 1+2.
2. Tab over to the "AES50" tab (use A or B depending which AES50 port you are using on the FOH console)
3. Route "Out 1-8" to Outputs 1-8.
On the Monitor Console:
1. First you need to bring the signal in from the AES50 stream before it can be re-routed to the console's outputs.
2. Go to the "home" screen of the ROUTING menu.
3. The last column will allow you to bring AES50 into Aux 1-4.
4. Now, tab over to the "analog out" page.
5. Chose the outputs you wish to use for Mains, and assign them to DirOut Aux 1 and DirOut Aux 2.
6. On this same page, you can assign the mix busses from your MON console to the appropriate outputs.


Friends in the Workplace Make For a Better World
Do you have a best friend at work? This question elicits frowns, outright dismissal of the concept or a tentative nod. Gallup, the analytics and advisory company, found that the inclusion of this question in their employee engagement questionnaire was the most controversial.
Friends At Work
The answer lies in the competitiveness that most people feel with their coworkers. There are no friends at work, only colleagues is the advice I was given when I took my woebegone face to a boss about a friend's aggressive work behavior.
But research time and again has proved my erstwhile boss wrong. Friendship at work is the strongest predictor of productivity
Why is it so – Friends At Workplace?
Studies show that employees with a best friend at work are more focused, more engaged with the organization, and tend to stay longer in their jobs.
Gallup's research shows a strong link between having a best friend at work and the amount of effort employees expend in their job. It says women who strongly agree they have a best friend at work are more than twice as likely to be engaged (63%) compared with the women who say otherwise (29%).
A joint study by management professors at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Minnesota showed that friends who worked together communicated better and offered teammates positive encouragement. The feedback amongst friendly teammates was more honest. The reasoning was that when friends work together they are more invested in the work and there is a social pressure to also perform better.
Friends Work Together Give More Productivity
When there are no friendships at work, what is the result? Psychologists call it process loss. When two colleagues are at loggerheads, there is an obvious loss of productivity because more energy is wasted in futile competitiveness, there is no meeting of minds, miscommunication, and sometimes it descends into a full-on undeclared war.
The loss is felt by the organization as energies are wasted in inessential things rather than on the task at hand.
We spend a lot of our time at work and it is natural to seek connections at the workplace.
Gallup says that people with friends at the workplace are seven times more engaged in their jobs, are better at engaging customers, produce higher quality work, have higher well-being, and are less likely to get injured on the job.
Friends At WorkPlace
Friends At Work Boost Productivity
Gallup's research shows that women who have a strong friendship network at the workplace are less likely to leave the workforce in their prime working years to be stay-at-home mothers. Gallup's research has found that the social aspect of their working life is a major driving force for women to continue working even under challenging circumstances.
Women who had a best friend at work were not actively looking out for a job, trusted their co-workers, were more open to risks and innovations, reported positive work experiences, and were less likely to complain of bad days at work.
The corporate culture is just not conducive to having a balanced work and family life for women who want to work. Spending 40 plus hours away from home and hearth to fritter away a major part of those earnings on home and child help does not make economic sense. Organizations will have to work really hard to come up with viable solutions to retain this major part of the talent pool to maintain a gender diverse workplace. The research also throws up the fact that women in the workforce do not have a wholesome social life compared to those out of work; it is 38 % vs 43%.
Friendships At Work
Gallup says that organizations should encourage good relationships at work as it improves the bottomline of the company. People are happier, more engaged and produce better work when they have solid connections at work.
Research shows the 2 out of 10 people in the US cite having best friends at work and Gallup's study says that if were to multiply this ratio and make it 6 out of 10 then there will be –
 - 36% fewer safety incidents
 - 7% more engaged customers
 - 12% higher profit
A good way to achieve a more engaged and connected workforce is to encourage open communication, promote more social occasions, and encourage cross-functional team activities so that people from different units can meet and get to know each other. An engaged and committed workforce with a good network of teammates and friends in the organization means a cohesive workforce.
Priyansha Mistry
Priyansha Mistry
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text:
Neural networks applied to ultrasonic tomographic image reconstruction
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Neural networks applied to ultrasonic tomographic image reconstruction. NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS, 5 (2). pp. 106-123. ISSN 0941-0643Full text not available from this repository.
A neural network system has been developed which can reconstruct images of defects within fibre reinforced polymer composite samples. This paper discusses the problems associated with the image reconstruction of the ultrasonic data using neural networks, together with various methods adopted to improve the performance of the neural network system, including a modification to the error backpropagation algorithm.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software|
|Journal or Publication Title:||NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS|
|Number of Pages:||18|
|Page Range:||pp. 106-123|
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text: Alzheimer disease (AD) research faces challenges to successful enrollment, especially to clinical trials and biomarker studies. Failure to recruit the planned number of participants in a timely manner threatens the internal validity and success of clinical research, raising concerns about external validity and generalizability of results, and possibly leading to disparities in disease treatment. Methods to improve recruitment exist, but require varying levels of staff effort and financial resources, and evidence of effectiveness is often lacking or inconsistent. In this review, we summarize some of the available methods to improve AD research recruitment, the available literature to support or refute these strategies, and some of the experiences at the authors' AD Research Centers. We discuss the use of community-based participatory research principles and participant registries as a means to enhance research enrollment and increase diversity of research samples.


text:
Palm nuts with blue cloth bag, Nigeria, _PHONE_
The 16 palm nuts in this bag are used by Yoruba diviners to cast and ask questions about a person's illness. The nuts are passed from hand to hand eight times. Each time, one or two are kept in one hand and this is marked on a board. The diviner reads the pattern of these marks and matches it to one of 256 odu (signs or messages). The 16 palm nuts represent the children of Ifa, the Yoruba god of healing and divination. The Yoruba people traditionally live in south-west Nigeria.
Related Themes and Topics
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Techniques and Technologies:
Glossary: divination sets
The practice of seeking knowledge of the future through the interpretation of omens or other supernatural means.


text:
The theme of this itinerary is the relationship between viticulture and the territory. Environmental characteristics and favourable climatic conditions with the right ratio of sun and rain made the Mendrisiotto an ideal area for viticulture.
This third route dedicated to Merlot takes stretches from the plain of the Laveggio to the slopes of Monte San Giorgio. Crossing the border towards Clivio, in nearby Italy, it goes through hilly landscapes where grape reigns unquestionably supreme. All villages on this versant of Mendrisiotto are touched by this itinerary: small hamlets that preserve a great artistic wealth, an expression of the remarkable abilities conquered by the craftsmen of these lands, the unveiling of which keeps up with that of the territory; secluded spots where the stones of the terracings merge with those of the houses, and where some traditional activities, such as the quarrying and working of stone, are still alive.
A path full of charm, but also long and demanding, which can however be enjoyed also in stages, using the existing, well articulated excursion-network.
- Hiking boots
- Sun cap
- Sun cream
- Hiking map
Montagnepulite: This project was born to promote an effective management and sustainable use of mountain huts in Ticino, and in particular the litter management. The responsible management of litter in the mountains is a matter of common sense. We can all contribute: _URL_


Five traditional dishes to deliciously commemorate Kuwait's National Day
kuwait food
Today marks the 59th Kuwait National Day, or Liberation Day, and what better way to celebrate than how the Kuwaiti's themselves do it: close to family, around carefully prepared food. Choosing from an array of vibrant and flavorful options, here is a top five from the traditional recipes.
The nation-wide holiday marks Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah's ascension to the throne in 1950, still celebrated ardently, serving as an opportunity for Kuwaitis to gather with their family members, enjoying recipes that have endured through the decades.
For a country with a subtropical climate, it may be surprising to learn that that traditional Kuwaiti cuisine consists of quite heavy rice-based dishes and thick soups. Many dishes call for seafood, as the country follows the fish-dense coastline of the Persian Gulf. Most importantly, they are all made to share and savour as a group.
1. Harees
Harees is a staple food that can be found in almost all Kuwaiti homes during Ramadan. It also goes by the name of jareesh, areesa or harissa, in neighboring countries, as it is served throughout the Middle East.
This thick porridge-like dish consists mainly of wheat, soaked overnight, cooked with lamb, chicken, or mutton as a possible delicacy. The totality of the ingredients are cooked on stovetop and the pounded into a homogeneous purée and finally topped off with cinnamon, cumin or cardamom.
Despite its dull appearance, it is extremely filling and dear to Kuwaiti's, serving as a fantastic comfort food and has kept its' spot at the table for most special occasions.
2. Machboos Laham
Machboos is the quintessential Kuwaiti meal, proudly presented as the national dish of the small nation by its people.
The dish relies on the careful execution of three parts; the meat (chicken, mutton or fish), slow-cooked until tender, the basmati rice toasted and boiled in the spiced meat stock, and the stuffing which is consists of split beans, raisins and onion.
3. Mutabbaq Samak
Mutabbaq Samak is made from whole, local, fried fish served on a large bed of fragrant rice.
The most commonly used fish for this traditional dish is pomfret (zubaidi), which is seasoned, partly boiled, and then coated in flour before finally being fried until crispy.
The rice is cooked separately with turmeric, onions, garlic, sumac, and parsley. The fish is always served on top of the rice, and the whole dish is usually garnished with fresh herbs, as well as raisins and nuts.
4. Murabyan
This rice dish, topped with juicy locally sourced shrimp, has earned considerable popularity throughout the nation.
What gives the shrimp their distinct flavor are the sauteed onions; turmeric, coriander and the special ingredient: dried loomi, which is dried black lime.
To get the tangy, sweet result, with a rich fermented aroma, the limes are boiled and then left in the strong sun to dry. In addition to the addictively complex flavor, died loomi has a series of health benefits ranging from anti-cancer properties to promoting a healthy digestion.
5. Gers Ogaily
Given the alias "perfume cake", Gers Ogaily is the perhaps most beloved dessert in Kuwait. It is easily recognized by its rich yellow color and love for its deep, layered aromas coming through from the saffron, cardamom and rose water.
This sponge cake is typically baked in large bundt pan and occasionally in smaller baking molds, creating a cupcake-like dessert, but both versions have the same ingredients and coated in beautifully tasted sesame seeds.


for those born on the 13th. If you were born on the 13th day, Smoky Quartz will help keep you balanced, helping to bring out the most positive qualities of the first digit of your birthday and heal your weaknesses. Smoky Quarts helps you to be satisfied with yourself, always be positive and motivated.
Smoky Quartz is a crystal that can be extracted from Rock Crystal with a completely natural substances in the laboratory. Exactly the same way you can bring Amethyst from a Citrine on a completely natural way. Why is this done? For example, in the Earth's crust, Smoky Quartz is formed by Rock Crystal merging with other elements, so is Citrine formed. In laboratories, they also add other natural elements to the crystal to react.
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What generalizations of Seiberg-Witten theory to 4-manifolds with boundary do exist?
I would be especially interested in theories which "behave good" under gluing along the boundary (comparable to TQFTs).
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I added the TQFT tag. – Chris Schommer-Pries Mar 16 '10 at 3:15
1 Answer 1
up vote 16 down vote accepted
Hi Fabian! Kronheimer and Mrowka's book Monopoles and three-manifolds lays out comprehensively the construction of a Seiberg-Witten TQFT, called monopole Floer homology. It is conjectured to be isomorphic to the Heegaard Floer homology TQFT of Ozsváth-Szabó. There are also beautiful constructions due to Froyshov and to Manolescu which do not apply in quite so much generality.
The structure of monopole Floer homology is as follows. The TQFT is a functor on the cobordism category $COB_{3+1}$ whose objects are connected, smooth, oriented 3-manifolds. In fact, the TQFT consists of a trio of functors, denoted $\widehat{HM}_{\bullet}$, $\overline{HM_\bullet}$ and $\check{HM}_{\bullet}$ (the last of these is such a sophisticated invariant that you have to download a special LaTeX package just to typeset it properly). These are $\mathbb{Z}[U]$-modules; there's a story about gradings that's too long to be worth summarising here. There are natural transformations which, for any connected 3-manifold $Y$, define the maps in a long exact sequence $$ \cdots\to \widehat{HM} _{\bullet}(Y) \to \overline{HM_\bullet}(Y)\to \check{HM}_{\bullet}(Y) \to \widehat{HM}_{\bullet}(Y) \to \cdots $$ Why this structure? Well, the theory is based on the Chern-Simons-Dirac functional $CSD$ on a global Coulomb gauge slice through a space of (connection, spinor) pairs. $CSD$ is a $U(1)$-equivariant functional, and $\check{HM}_{\bullet}$ is, philosophically, its $U(1)$-equivariant semi-infinite Morse homology. $\overline{HM}_\bullet$ is the part coming from the restriction of $CSD$ to the $U(1)$-fixed-points, and $\widehat{HM}_\bullet$ is the equivariant homology relative to the fixed point set.
Now here's a subtlety for the TQFT enthusiasts out there to get your teeth into (axiomatize, explain...)! The invariant of a closed 4-manifold $X$ in any of the three theories is... zero. The famous SW invariant of a 4-manifold with $b_+>0$ comes about via a secondary operation, not part of the TQFT itself. Delete two balls from $X$ to get a cobordism from $S^3$ to itself. When $b_+(X)>0$, there are generically no reducible SW monopoles on this cobordism, and this implies that the TQFT-map $\widehat{HM}_\bullet(S^3) \to \widehat{HM}_\bullet(S^3)$ lifts canonically to a map $\widehat{HM}_\bullet(S^3) \to \check{HM}_\bullet(S^3)$; it is this lift that carries the SW invariant.
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If what you say is true, then these can't be TQFTs is the sense of the Atiyah-Segal axioms (i.e. as functors from $COB_{3+1}$ to Vect). It follows from the axioms that for any such TQFT and any 3-manifold X the value of the TQFT on the 4-manifold $X \times S^1$ is the dimension of the vector space associated to X. If this is zero for all X, then the TQFT is the zero TQFT =><=. My recollection is that what you get is similar to an Atiyah-Segal TQFT, but not quite defined on all bordisms. – Chris Schommer-Pries Mar 16 '10 at 3:12
Ahhh, this is why you insisted on connected 3-manifolds! Now I see. – Chris Schommer-Pries Mar 16 '10 at 3:13
Thank you for this extensive answer. I heard about those three approaches, but was not sure which was the most relevant, and if there was something I missed. I see more clearly now. – J. Fabian Meier Mar 16 '10 at 15:46
_USER_. Indeed - since we're not allowed disconnected 3-manifolds, we can't call this a monoidal functor, and we don't get all the usual consequences of the TQFT axioms. For instance, HM-bar is always an infinite rank Z-module. – Tim Perutz Mar 16 '10 at 19:22
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Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
Written by clara maxwell
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Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
(Red fox on the scent. will_hybrid/Flickr.com)
Foxes are small, primarily carnivorous mammals of the dog family. They range in size from the tiny African fennec to the European red fox. Diet includes birds, rabbits, mice, grasshoppers and other insects, earthworms, eggs and carrion. Foxes also forage on fruit, berries, nuts and grasses. They are solitary animals that hunt alone. Most species have pointed faces with erect, triangular ears, short legs, thick fur and a long bushy tail.
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Ears of a Predator
Most members of the canine and feline families have ears that point forward. The forward-pointing ear is an evolutionary adaptation that is linked to the animal's methods of hunting. Foxes quietly stalk their prey, attempting to get as close as possible before pouncing. If they do not succeed in catching it, they will give chase. A fox can run up to 25 miles per hour to catch rabbits and other small mammals. Forward-pointing ears allow the predator to hear its prey even while moving forward to stalk or chase.
Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
Red fox pounces. mikebaird/Flickr.com
Foxes have an acute sense of hearing that they use to detect prey. Unlike most mammals, they can detect the low-frequency sounds of small animals digging beneath snow or under the ground. The fox tilts its head to focus its ears, locates the source of the sound and digs up its prey.
Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
Red fox pup. mikebaird/Flickr.com
Ears of Prey Animals
Grazing animals, including rabbits, are vulnerable to predators, like the fox, that sneak up close to them while they eat. The ears of such prey animals have evolved to be large, exceptionally mobile and capable of moving independently, allowing them to hear sounds from both sides and from behind. As they graze, their highly mobile ears swivel constantly to catch any hint of potential predators.
Fox Ears and Climate
Fox species that live in extreme environments of hot or cold have evolved variations in the shape and size of their ears. The fennec of the African desert and the kit fox of the American Southwest have enormous ears that dissipate heat and help to regulate their body temperature. The arctic fox has evolved small rounded ears that conserve heat and are less subject to freezing.
Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
Fennec fox. kuribo/Flickr.com
Eyes Facing Forward
Not only do predators have ears that point forward, they also have eyes on the front of their faces, giving them binocular vision to better focus on the prey in front of them. Their prey, by contrast, have ears and eyes on the sides of their head. They can see and hear potentially dangerous movement from behind and on either side.
Why Do the Ears of a Fox Point Forward?
Arctic fox. billyboy/Flickr.com
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Why was Alexander Hamilton important?
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Alexander Hamilton is important mostly for what he did while George Washington was president. He was also a major American figure in the Revolutionary War, but it was his work in government that is most important.
Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury under the government created by the Constitution. In this position, he created the financial structure for the United States. He set up a system for funding the national debt. He proposed a national bank and a tariff. He did these things because he wanted to set up a stable economic environment that would allow the United States to eventually become a wealth and industrialized nation.
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Spot The Difference
Welcome to the Spot the Difference page here at Children's Puzzles.
Here is a fun puzzle for you to play for free.
Can you spot the six differences between the two pictures below? You may find it easier to keep track of the differences if you print off the two pictures below and then circle the differences that you spot on one of the pictures:
spot the difference
can you find the differences
© Clarity Media 2008-2014 | Buy Kids Puzzles


How To Disable NVIDIA's 'Spying' Service In Its Latest Drivers
How To Disable NVIDIA's 'Spying' Service In Its Latest Drivers
Remember how there was a huge uproar when it was revealed that Windows 10 had telemetry services that automatically sent information back to Microsoft on how users were interacting with the operating system? It seems that graphics card maker NVIDIA has now added telemetry into its latest drivers. If you don't want to be tracked by NVIDIA, here's a way to disable it.
For those who have downloaded the latest driver packages from NVIDIA, you may have noticed that if you've installed GeForce Experience, the desktop client that controls the graphics card settings, you now have a few additional telemetry processes running on your machine.
Some people consider telemetry as spying since it automatically sends information about users' computers back to vendors. Some of the information, such as crash reports, is useful for vendors to improve their products and services. But the lack of transparency in terms of what information is collected can be concerning to some users.
Reddit users have already pointed out that NVIDIA's current privacy policy does say that the company "may collect 'Personal information', which is any information that can be used to identify a particular individual which can include traditional identifiers such as name, address, e-mail address, telephone number and non-traditional identifiers such as unique device identifiers and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses."
It's not known exactly what kind of information the new telemetry services are collecting. We've reached out to NVIDIA for comment and here's the response from a company spokesperson:
If you really want to disable the telemetry, Major Geeks has provided some instructions on how to do so:
 - Download Microsoft Autoruns, which shows you which programs are set to run during login or system bootup. Unzip it and run it.
 - Type 'nvidia' in the filter box. The telemetry processes will be listed under the "Task Scheduler" section. Their names will include "Nv Tm". For example, one of them is called "Nv TmMon_". Uncheck those boxes.
 - Close Autoruns and reboot your PC.
You can find more detailed instructions over at Major Geeks.
 - That might explain why Defender found an Invidia trojan or malware of some kind last week. I couldn't figure out why it was coming up, so I uninstalled the Geforce drivers and just let Windows install its version. Haven't had a problem with it since, but I'm going to do the MS Autoruns thing now though.
 - Why even call the machines PC anymore?
 It seems software vendors and taking the Personal away from Personal Computer!
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text:
Whole blood and serum blood are two different substances commonly used to determine the blood alcohol content of a person. Both come from drawing blood from someone although serum blood is more heavily processed. You will want to understand the differences between whole blood and serum blood especially in relation to blood alcohol content testing.
Understanding Whole Blood
Whole blood means that the sample that was drawn has not been unnecessarily processed. The blood that is drawn by a technician is technically whole blood. One major difference is that the vial used to collect whole blood will contain a small amount of an anti-clotting agent. This agent stops the blood that was drawn from clotting and turning into a thick substance that cannot be tested or processed. Another difference is that whole blood contains less water than serum making it thicker.
Understanding Serum Blood
Serum blood is drawn in the same way as whole blood. The difference is that there is no anti-clotting agent in the container holding the blood. This means that the blood will begin to clot relatively quickly. The blood is placed onto a centrifuge and spun around. This causes the blood in the container to start to separate. The denser clotted areas move the bottom of the container. A lighter yellowish liquid forms on the top. This thin liquid is called the serum. Serum is not as thick as whole blood. It contains more water. The serum can be extracted from the container and then used for testing with special equipment.
Differences in Testing Techniques
Whole blood and serum blood are tested for alcohol or other substances in different ways. Whole blood is fed into a specific type of machine that extracts the blood alcohol content quickly. Serum blood is tested using different equipment. Only the serum is tested. This is because many of the pieces of equipment used for blood alcohol testing are unable to handle the density of whole blood. The serum is preferred in some cases because it moves more easily through the equipment. One issue is that the higher water content of serum blood provides elevated blood alcohol readings when compared to whole blood. This means the results of a serum blood alcohol test need to be adjusted by around 18 percent in order to get results that are more accurate.
Challenging the Results
There are many ways to challenge the results of both whole blood and serum blood tests in court. Serum blood tests can be challenged because of the number used to adjust the results. This number of called the conversion factor. The factor might not be accurate. Another way to challenge the results is to look at the certifications of the lab. Labs must be individually certified for both whole blood and serum blood testing. If the lab does not have the certification for the type of test performed, then the test might not be valid. Challenging the state and accuracy of the equipment is common as well since contamination and small mistakes could artificially increase the blood alcohol content reported. It is important to talk to a lawyer when whole blood or serum blood tests are performed.
Uncontested Divorce Verdict
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How To Increase The Size Of Shapes In A Legend
Published: 03 Apr 2020
Last Modified Date: 08 Apr 2020
How to increase the size of shapes in a legend
 - Tableau Desktop
Create a new sheet with the dimension that includes your shapes and show headers to show which shape relates to which value.
For example if you want to show a legend for Segments in your sheet where segment is on shape like below:
User-added image
Create a legend sheet like below:
User-added image
Use the legend sheet as a floating sheet on the dashboard.
User-added image
If the highlight function needs to be enabled, configure the highlight action with dashboard actions like below:
User-added image
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V Gold 2 (VG2), V Gold 5 (VG5)
VG2 and VG5 stainless steel is recommended for thin blades. The main three reasons being:
1. VG2 and VG5 are made with refined low impurity raw material, they make a significant improvement in their mechanical properties (flexural strength ・ yield point ・ elongation ・ reduction of area ・ impact strength）, and achieve both positive grindability and satisfactory hot forging easier.
2. Both grades have excellent qualities and structure required from stainless cutlery steel.
In addition to this the increased levels of C (chromium) and C(carbon) are higher than the more than common stainless steel grades. The eutectic carbide crystallization is suppressed, to make the hardness as high as possible with well-balanced element ratios, and a uniform structure of refined carbides.
3. Refinement during material processing.
Even though carefully selected steel ingots for the raw material with low impurities and segregation, it is impossible to eliminate them completely. Accordingly, the materials are refined at the hot rolling to diffuse segregation, and refine coarse grain structures. Heat treatment is used at various stages throughout the manufacturing process so that the steel has the optimum grain structure.
For the above reasons, VG2 and VG5 provide the most suitable hardenability, toughness, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and the other conditions.
Because VG5 has slightly higher Carbon, Molybdenum and Vanadium compared to VG2, please use VG2 for soft cutting, and VG5 is for a harder cutting application.
C Cr Mo V Hardness
VG2 0.60-0.70 13.00-15.00 0.10-0.20 HRC58≦
VG5 0.70-0.80 13.00-15.00 0.20-0.40 0.10-0.20 HRC59≦
Back to Original Blade Steel


text: A graphical description of the change in the role played by each of the scapulohumeral muscles with respect to spatial joint position is presented. Moment arms were collected from a biomechanical model using the tendon travel method. Data cover elevation and flexion in a space between the frontal plane and a plane of elevation 60 degrees anterior to this. Segments of a given muscle were seen possibly to exhibit antagonistic moment components in relation to others, emphasizing the importance of muscle segmentation in biomechanical models. Graphical description of muscle function in conjunction with electromyographic studies enables a more complete assessment of active muscle function in relation to arm motion and position. In cases of attenuated muscular function, this also offers a means of detecting which muscle is involved and which other muscles possess compensating potential. Two examples illustrate the use of this data, particularly to clarify clinical issues.


Sayyidi's Ramadhan Advice from Haram
While in Haram shariff (Makkah e mukarramah) this Ramadhan Sayyidi wa sanadi Hazrat Mawlana Mohammad Taqi Usmani sahib db gave the following advice to a small group of mureedeen.
1. Recognize the importance of time and use it appropriately.
2. In addition to your regular ma'moolat recite سبحان الله و الحمدالله و لا اله الا الله و الله اكبر abundantly.
3. Make dua excessively, especially اللهم جعلنا من لاعتقاء رمضان
4. Give sadaqa (charity) as much as possible.
5. Recite Quran e kareem a lot.
6th Ramadhan 1426


text:
Definition of Stichoi
1. stichos [n] - See also: stichos
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Stichoi Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Stichoi
Literary usage of Stichoi
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. A Commentary on the Psalms from Primitive and Mediæval Writers: And from the by John Mason Neale, Richard Frederick Littledale, Miles Coverdale (1879)
"I cannot help giving, as the best commentary on this part of the Psalm,- the stichoi of Great Thursday with their..."
2. History of the Sacred Scriptures of the New Testament by Eduard Reuss (1884)
"The stichoi were numbered and summed up at the end of each book, as was done in the Hebrew Bible also. Yet it is still a question whether these..."
3. The Coptic version of the New Testament in the northern dialect, otherwise by George William Horner (1905)
"T the number of its stichoi hundred five and twenty, and its chapters six.... I. Ep. ends with'Was finished the second epistle of Peter, its stichoi..."
4. A History of the Holy Eastern Church by John Mason Neale (1850)
"It frequently happens that proper stichoi are given in the... The number of stichoi varies; when any are given in the..."
5. The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the by Charles George Herbermann (1913)
"... and stichoi, the Nunc dimittis, the trisagion, and the apolytikion. Greater Vespers, which are said after sunset, begin with the invitatory,..."
6. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Embracing by Johann Jakob Herzog, Philip Schaff, Albert Hauck (1910)
"The and 1600 stichoi, the last testified by Septuagint a number of manuscripts, for which Text the number of the corresponding imShorter proved text is..."
7. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures by Thomas Hartwell Horne (1852)
"The stichoi, however, not only assisted the public reader f the New Testament to determine its sense ; they also erved to measure the size of books ; thus,..."
8. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures by Thomas Hartwell Horne (1840)
"At the end of each manuscript it was usual to specify the number of stichoi which it contained. When a copyist was disposed to contract his space,..."
Other Resources Relating to: Stichoi


text:
When you load a Haskell source module into GHCi, it is
normally converted to byte-code and run using the interpreter.
However, interpreted code can also run alongside compiled code in
GHCi; indeed, normally when GHCi starts, it loads up a compiled
copy of the
base package, which contains the
Why should we want to run compiled code? Well, compiled code is roughly 10x faster than interpreted code, but takes about 2x longer to produce (perhaps longer if optimisation is on). So it pays to compile the parts of a program that aren't changing very often, and use the interpreter for the code being actively developed.
When loading up source files with
GHCi looks for any corresponding compiled object files, and will
use one in preference to interpreting the source if possible. For
example, suppose we have a 4-module program consisting of modules
A, B, C, and D. Modules B and C both import D only,
and A imports both B & C:
A / \ B C \ / D
We can compile D, then load the whole program, like this:
Prelude> :! ghc -c D.hs Prelude> :load A Skipping D ( D.hs, D.o ) Compiling C ( C.hs, interpreted ) Compiling B ( B.hs, interpreted ) Compiling A ( A.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: A, B, C, D. *Main>
In the messages from the compiler, we see that it skipped D,
and used the object file
D.o. The message
indicates that compilation for
isn't necessary, because the source and everything it depends on
is unchanged since the last compilation.
At any time you can use the command
to get a list of the modules currently loaded
*Main> :show modules D ( D.hs, D.o ) C ( C.hs, interpreted ) B ( B.hs, interpreted ) A ( A.hs, interpreted ) *Main>
If we now modify the source of D (or pretend to: using Unix
touch on the source file is handy for
this), the compiler will no longer be able to use the object file,
because it might be out of date:
*Main> :! touch D.hs *Main> :reload Compiling D ( D.hs, interpreted ) Skipping C ( C.hs, interpreted ) Skipping B ( B.hs, interpreted ) Skipping A ( A.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: A, B, C, D. *Main>
Note that module D was compiled, but in this instance because its source hadn't really changed, its interface remained the same, and the recompilation checker determined that A, B and C didn't need to be recompiled.
So let's try compiling one of the other modules:
*Main> :! ghc -c C.hs *Main> :load A Compiling D ( D.hs, interpreted ) Compiling C ( C.hs, interpreted ) Compiling B ( B.hs, interpreted ) Compiling A ( A.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: A, B, C, D.
We didn't get the compiled version of C! What happened? Well, in GHCi a compiled module may only depend on other compiled modules, and in this case C depends on D, which doesn't have an object file, so GHCi also rejected C's object file. Ok, so let's also compile D:
*Main> :! ghc -c D.hs *Main> :reload Ok, modules loaded: A, B, C, D.
Nothing happened! Here's another lesson: newly compiled
modules aren't picked up by
*Main> :load A Skipping D ( D.hs, D.o ) Skipping C ( C.hs, C.o ) Compiling B ( B.hs, interpreted ) Compiling A ( A.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: A, B, C, D.
HINT: since GHCi will only use a compiled object file if it
can sure that the compiled version is up-to-date, a good technique
when working on a large program is to occasionally run
ghc ––make to compile the whole project (say
before you go for lunch :-), then continue working in the
interpreter. As you modify code, the new modules will be
interpreted, but the rest of the project will remain