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The Challenges of Traditional Farming Methods
Traditional farming methods have been the norm for centuries, but these methods have numerous drawbacks that make them increasingly difficult to sustain in modern times. One of the main challenges of traditional farming methods is the amount of time and manual labor required to perform even the most basic farming operations. Farmers often need to physically inspect crops, manually irrigate fields, and maintain livestock, which can be time-consuming and expensive.
Another challenge facing traditional farming methods is the increasingly complex nature of modern farming. With advancements in technology, farming has become a highly specialized field, with different crops and livestock requiring specific attention and care. Furthermore, climate change has created new challenges for farmers, with unpredictable weather patterns and natural disasters causing significant crop and livestock loss.
The Advantages of Farming Management Software
Farming management software provides farmers with a range of advantages that address the challenges of traditional farming methods. One of the main benefits of this technology is precision agriculture, which involves using real-time data to make informed decisions about farming operations. With farming management software, farmers can monitor crop growth and adjust irrigation and fertilization in real-time, ensuring optimal growth and reducing waste.
Another advantage of farming management software is streamlined and efficient operations. By automating tasks such as crop monitoring and data collection, farmers can save time and money on manual labor. This technology also allows for easy collaboration between team members, increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of errors.
Finally, farming management software provides real-time monitoring and decision-making. With access to up-to-date data on crop and livestock growth, farmers can quickly identify potential problems and take action before they become larger issues. This technology also enables farmers to make informed decisions about things like crop rotation and financial planning, leading to more profitable and sustainable operations.
Features of Farming Management Software
Farming management software comes with a range of features designed to address the needs of modern farmers. These features can include
Crop management is a crucial aspect of farming, and farming management software can help farmers with tasks such as crop planning, seed selection, planting, and harvesting. This technology provides real-time data on crop growth, allowing farmers to adjust irrigation and fertilization schedules as necessary. It can also help with tasks such as pest control and disease management, reducing crop loss and increasing yield.
Farming management software can also assist with livestock management tasks such as breeding, feeding, and health monitoring. With this technology, farmers can monitor animal growth and health, identify potential issues, and take preventative measures to ensure the well-being of their animals. This software can also help with tasks such as feed management and breeding schedules, leading to more efficient and profitable livestock operations.
Managing finances is a critical aspect of any business, including farming. Farming management software can assist with tasks such as bookkeeping, budgeting, and financial planning. This technology provides farmers with real-time data on revenue and expenses, allowing for better decision-making and reducing the risk of financial mismanagement.
Supply Chain Management:
Farming management software can also assist with supply chain management tasks such as inventory management, order processing, and shipping. With this technology, farmers can track inventory levels and manage orders, ensuring that they have the necessary resources to meet customer demands. This software can also help with tasks such as logistics and transportation planning, reducing the risk of delays and increasing efficiency.
Weather patterns can have a significant impact on farming operations, and farming management software can help farmers monitor weather conditions and plan operations accordingly. This technology provides real-time data on weather patterns, allowing farmers to adjust irrigation schedules and take preventative measures against potential weather-related issues.
Types of Farming Management Software
There are three main types of farming management software: cloud-based software, desktop software, and mobile applications. Cloud-based software is hosted on remote servers and accessed via the internet, while desktop software is installed locally on a computer. Mobile applications are designed to be used on smartphones and tablets.
Choosing the Right Farming Management Software
Choosing the right farming management software can be a daunting task, but there are several factors to consider. First, farmers need to understand the needs of their farm and what features they require from the software. They should also research available options, evaluate features and costs, and consider compatibility with existing systems.
Implementing Farming Management Software
Implementing farming management software can be a complex process, but there are several steps farmers can take to ensure a smooth transition. These steps include data collection and organization, training and support, and integration with existing farm operations.
The future of farming management software is promising, with advancements in AI and machine learning expected to revolutionize the industry. As more farmers adopt this technology, the potential for a more sustainable and efficient agricultural industry increases.
If you're a farmer looking to streamline your operations and increase your productivity, consider implementing farming management software like Agri Mark. With its comprehensive features and user-friendly interface, Agri Mark can help you manage your crops, livestock, finances, and supply chain more efficiently and effectively. Don't get left behind in the rapidly evolving agricultural industry – take the first step towards a more sustainable and profitable farm with Agri Mark today.


This article is about Jacob's son. You may be looking for Asshur the city or Asshur the son of Shem.
Asher was the eighth son of Jacob, and the second of Jacob's two sons by Zilpah, Leah's maid. The other son by Zilpah was Gad [1]. When Jacob blessed his 12 sons before he died, he said that Asher would have a life blessed with an abundance of food and delicacies befitting a king [2]. Asher made the journey with Jacob and the family from Padan Aram to Canaan, and then later to Egypt.
The name Asher means "happy."
 1. Genesis 30 (Link)
 2. Genesis 49:20 (Link)


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Some people believe that young people know about international pop and movie Some people believe that young people know about international pop and movie stars but know very less about famous people from the history in their own country. Why is this? How can more interest be created in young people to gain more knowledge about their own famous people from history?
It is irrefutable that today we are flooded with information about everything. The youth of today know It is irrefutable that today we are flooded with information about everything. The youth of today know about global celebs but are increasingly ill informed about their own historical personalities. This essay shall analyse why this is happening, and also suggest some measures, to generate their interest in historical events and people. The first and major reason for this is that the education system in most of the countries is test-based. Students are only taught to get good grades and as a result, they only focus on passing their exams, rather than gaining knowledge about any topic. Their interest is never developed in history and heroes of our past. On top of that, the youth today is more fascinated towards the celebrities because of the exposure and importance the media gives to them. Furthermore, most of the families have now started living in nuclear setups, where both the parents are working, and because of this the children's education about their roots and history has taken a back seat.
There are many methods that can be used by parents, schools and the media to develop the interest of youngsters in knowing about the famous people from history. The schools can incorporate technology in teaching methods, like the use of audio-visual aids. Educational trips to museums and famous historical places also help develop the children's interest. The government should set up museums and encourage children to visit them by highly subsidizing tickets for the students. For example, the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Museum has become a great source of information about the freedom struggle and the sacrifices made by freedom fighters. Also, the Virasat-e-Khalsa museum has become very popular among the youth as they can learn a lot about Sikh history and culture. Moreover, TV shows and movies can be made around famous historical personalities and their contributions. For instance, the recent Bollywood movie Bajirao Mastani, has been a super hit at the box office and has made a lot of people more aware about historical events and characters. TV channels like History channel has shows which run throughout the day, giving information about famous people and events from history. To conclude, there are several innovative and creative methods that can be used to make the youth more interested and aware about the notable people from history. This effort has to be made by parents, at schools and media also has a big role to play in spreading this awareness.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Three workshops were held. The first for Training of Trainers on New Media Literacy (Nagpur) to enable youth belonging to Church of North India to discern the characteristics, language, technology and ideology of New Media and critically analyse New Media texts. The second on 'Understanding Digital Divide in the Indian Context' (Bangalore) to define Digital Divide and understand it in the historical perspective. It looked into the concept of Digital Divide from the standpoint of the third world and critically examined the role of media conglomerates and Information imbalance between North and South. The third on 'Understanding India's Information Society' (Bangalore) focusing on the characteristics of Information Society in India and the changes taking place in the social practices, labour practices, political processes and in the realm of media and public policies. In a second phase, community radio action research was carried out to develop community radio as a medium catering to the people's needs and concerns at the local level and to assess its relevance and possible impact as a new media tool towards people's empowerment. Programmes produced during the training and production phase were assessed through a series of focus group discussions and an audience survey of content, contextual relevance, implications and suggestions.
|Final Report||Half Yearly Narrative Report|
|New media literacy manual|


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Frequently Asked Questions
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How do I delete a space after an email address in Excel file?
Sometimes email addresses are entered into a Microsoft Excel file with spaces after them and this can cause issues when you try to upload the list into your Benchmark Email account. Follow these steps to remove any spaces from your file:
- Highlight and copy the space that is after the email address.
- Open the "Find and Replace" menu by clicking CTRL+F or by selecting Edit > Find > Replace.
- Select the Replace tab.
- In the "Find" field, paste the space you copied earlier.
- Leave the "Replace" field blank.
- Click Replace All.
- Highlight and copy the column of email addresses from your Excel file.
- Open the Notepad program by selecting Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad. Paste the email addresses into Notepad.
- Place the cursor after the first email address on the list. Click and drag to the right to highlight any space. Copy the area you just highlighted.
- Click CTRL-H to open the "Replace" box. Paste the space you copied into the "Find What" box. In the "Replace with" section, place your cursor inside and then click Replace All.
More related questions


Why is freedom important essay
Freedom is a very important thing to every human being because as we had encounter in the past decades a lot of debates have started debating about this topic. For example, I would like to talk about the freedom of speech. I think freedom of speech is the most important part when we try to see what the meaning behind freedom is.
Importance of Freedom of Press | Short Paragraph Essay on 2019-8-27 · Importance of Freedom of Press | Short Paragraph Essay on Freedom of Press. Importance of freedom of press What is Freedom? The freedom means those people, who state the liberty, or right and privileged to speak according to their will. Why freedom of press and media is important? A free press and media are vital in the democratic Importance of democracy | Essay and speech 2019-8-22 · The human race, as a whole, owes a great lot to the Greeks. One of the most ancient civilizations to have flourished in the world, they were the forerunners in a great many areas, including literature, sports, and politics.They gave us Homer and Socrates, the marathons and the Olympics, and, greatest of all, they gave us democracy. Argumentative Essays on Importance of Freedom of Speech Writing Freedom of Speech essay is challenging because students need to put a lot of effort into making sure that the introduction and conclusion match the outline of the essay. It is important to make sure that there is a link between all parts of the essay. Why is Freedom Important? by Mickel B on Prezi
Find free essay examples on Freedom written by experts. Look through our database of samples and choose any topic you need. Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay - UK Essays | UKEssays A new study shows that personal independence and freedom are more important for the welfare of the people, than wealth. Researchers at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, analysed the results of three studies involving more than 420,000 people in 63 countries over a period of 40 years. Essay on The Importance of Freedom - 569 Words | Bartleby The Importance of Academic Freedom Essay 728 Words | 3 Pages. The Importance of Academic Freedom What is academic freedom? Some might say, but really without even knowing it everyone with a social media profile if proof that academic freedom is alive and well.
The importance of freedom is that it allows us to develop our morality and our consciences. If we lack freedom, we cannot truly become mature human beings. When we are forced to do things or not to do things, we do not have that many choices. We are not allowed to make our own decisions.
Taking into consideration the abovementioned, it becomes very clear why the freedom of speech is so important for the development of a healthy society. Why African American History Is Important Essay - 301 Words… Essay Why African American History is Important and 90,000+ more term papers written by professionals and your peers. Why is it important to vote? Essay - 1970 Words Why is it important to vote? You can't win if you don't play. Election outcomes are determined by those who participate. Elected officials make important Why is human dignity important?
Eager to know how to write a definition essay deserving the best grade? Check this detailed review, showing how to deal with this task. You'll learn how to structure your essay and a few useful writing rules.
Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay - UK Essays | UKEssays Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay. The word freedom refers to the possibility that every person has to make decisions regarding their own lives, yet with certain limitations. We have the ability to choose from a variety of options but in the same time we must not jeopardise the freedom of others.
2013-6-7 · 1984: Why Freedom is Important Essay. 832 Words 4 Pages. The term 'freedom' is often associated with the notion of living free of restraint and having an unfettered liberty to engage in rational actions with a sense that that our actions will not be controlled or interfered with. Given the above definition of freedom and the
Importance of freedom of expression - Essay and speech
Children that it is important points forms, 2010 why study of the writing so important. Sometimes it was able to having favorites, reading. Freedom Essays and Research Papers - Read Freedom essays and research papers. View and download complete sample Freedom essays, instructions, works cited pages, and more.


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The exchange rate between Brazilian Real (BRL) and United States Dollar (USD) is among the popular foreign exchange pairs traded globally. In 2023, the exchange rate remains a crucial indicator for traders, investors, and individuals seeking to transfer money between Brazil and the United States.
What is the Current Exchange Rate between BRL and USD?
As of January 2023, the exchange rate between BRL and USD is 31 BRL to 5.68 USD. The exchange rate may fluctuate depending on various factors, including inflation rates, political stability, and market demand.
Factors Affecting the BRL to USD Exchange Rate
The BRL to USD exchange rate is influenced by various factors, including:
1. Economic Stability
The economic stability of Brazil and the United States affects the exchange rate. A stable economy attracts foreign investments, which leads to a higher demand for the local currency, increasing its value.
2. Inflation Rates
Inflation rates affect the purchasing power of a currency, which affects the exchange rate. High inflation rates lead to a depreciation of the local currency, leading to a lower exchange rate.
3. Political Stability
Political stability plays a crucial role in the exchange rate. A country with a stable political environment attracts foreign investments, leading to a higher demand for the local currency.
How to Convert 31 BRL to USD
To convert 31 BRL to USD, you need to multiply the amount of BRL by the current exchange rate. For instance, if the exchange rate is 31 BRL to 5.68 USD, you will multiply 31 by 5.68, which gives you 176.08 USD.
Tips for Transferring Money Between Brazil and the United States
When transferring money between Brazil and the United States, consider the following tips:
1. Compare Exchange Rates
Different financial institutions offer different exchange rates. It is essential to compare the rates to get the best deal.
2. Consider Transfer Fees
Some financial institutions charge transfer fees, which may affect the amount you receive. Consider the fees before making a transfer.
The timing of the transfer can affect the exchange rate. Monitor the exchange rate and make a transfer when the rate is favorable.
The BRL to USD exchange rate remains a crucial indicator for individuals and businesses seeking to transfer money between Brazil and the United States. Factors such as economic stability, inflation rates, and political stability affect the exchange rate. To convert 31 BRL to USD, multiply the amount of BRL by the current exchange rate. Consider the tips when transferring money between Brazil and the United States to get the best deal.


only natural that Windows admins would want to use Task Scheduler to automate their PowerShell scripts. It turns out that these two tools are a perfect match.
You'll need to set the execution policy to execute PowerShell scripts. To execute a PowerShell command directly, specify the command parameter, and then use the ampersand (&), a pair of curly braces ({}), and the PowerShell command that you want to run:
powershell -NoLogo -executionpolicy RemoteSigned -command &{get-process>>C:\fso\mytestprocesses.txt}
I recommend using the Run command, as Figure 7 shows, to test your command syntax prior to scheduling your task.
Figure 7: Running a PowerShell script
Figure 7: Running a PowerShell script
To execute the script, simply replace the -command flag with -file flag:
powershell.exe -noprofile -executionpolicy RemoteSigned -file %public%\myscript.ps1
Note that you can include environment variables in the paths by delimiting them with percentage characters (%), as with any Cmd.exe command.
How to Schedule a Task Based on an Event
Windows events are perhaps the most complicated of all the task triggers, one reason being that Windows events encompass a whole range of potential triggers. To open the Event Viewer, which is part of the Server 2008 Administrative Tools, click Start, Control Panel, System and Security, Event Viewer.
The Event Viewer, which Figure 8 shows, displays information about hardware, software, and system problems.
Figure 8: Event Viewer
Figure 8: Event Viewer
Events are categorized by type:
 - Error -- a significant problem, such as loss of data or functionality (e.g., logged if a service fails to load during startup)
 - Warning -- not necessarily significant, but might indicate a future problem (e.g., logged when disk space is low)
 - Information -- information about the successful operation of an application, driver, or service (e.g., logged when a network driver loads successfully)
 - Success Audit -- a successful audited security access attempt (e.g., a user's successful attempt to log on to the system)
 - Failure Audit -- a failed audited security access attempt (e.g., a user's failed attempt to access a network drive)
You can bind an event to any of these event types by right-clicking the event in Event Viewer and selecting Attach Task To This Event in the pop-up menu. This action launches the Create Basic Task Wizard, in which you can configure task options.
Fine-Tuning an Event-Triggered Task
Since Windows Vista, Task Scheduler has contained new interfaces for C++ developers, scripting objects for VBScript developers, and a schema for defining tasks in XML. These avenues offer more flexibility than ever before for both task creation and fine-tuning.
Case in point: Suppose you want to run a task when a user is added to a specific domain local group. You'll need to hook into Audit system events, which relate to system security. Each event has a code to help identify it:
 - 4730 -- A security-enabled global group was deleted.
 - 4731 -- A security-enabled local group was created.
 - 4732 -- A member was added to a security-enabled local group.
 - 4733 -- A member was removed from a security-enabled local group.
 - 4734 -- A security-enabled local group was deleted.
 - 4735 -- A security-enabled local group was changed.
 - 4737 -- A security-enabled global group was changed.
Open the Create Basic Task Wizard, and then follow these steps to schedule the task:
1. Select When a specific event is logged on the Task Trigger screen.
2. Code 4732 identifies the addition of a member to a security-enabled local group. Enter that code in the Event ID field on the When a Specific Event Is Logged screen, as Figure 9 shows.
Figure 9: Logged event trigger details
Figure 9: Logged event trigger details
3. To find the Log and Source for an event, open Event Viewer; in the left pane, select Windows Logs, Security and open the Properties dialog box. The General tab contains both the Log Name and Source fields. The latter is liable to be truncated, but when you position the mouse pointer over the name, a tooltip appears with the full text, as Figure 10 shows.
Figure 10: Determining Log and Source
Figure 10: Determining Log and Source
4. On the Action screen, select Display a message.
5. Click Finish to create the new task.
By default, a message will be displayed every time a new local group is added. If you want to target a specific group, you need to edit the XML. To do so, you first need to export the task:
1. Double-click the new task in the Task Scheduler Active Tasks list, as Figure 11 shows.
Figure 11: Local Group Added task
Figure 11: Local Group Added task
2. Click Export in the Selected Item list, as Figure 12 shows, and save the XML file to a location of your choosing.
Figure 12: Exporting XML
Figure 12: Exporting XML
3. Open the XML source in your favorite text editor. You'll see code that looks like Listing 1. Add the TargetUserName code to the EventTrigger section, as callout A shows.
Now the scheduled task will respond to event 4732 only when the TargetUserName (i.e., the Local Security Group Name) is SECURE NETWORKS.
You can also filter on certain users, by using MemberName instead of TargetUserName. You can see more details about how the filter works in the XML view of an event. Simply open the event properties, go to the Details tab, and choose the XML View option, as Figure 13 shows. The full code is shown in Figure 14. You can use the data from this event in the action. To allow the EventData parameter to pass the MemberName to the action, you need to add the code at callout B in Listing 1 to the exported XML file, just before the line.
Figure 13: Local Group Added task in XML view
Figure 13: Local Group Added task in XML view
You can now use the $(MemberName) variable in an action. The following code displays this variable in the message box:
Local Group Added
The $(MemberName) local group has been added.
When you've modified and saved the XML, delete the original task from Task Scheduler. You can then import the modified XML. In the right pane of the Task Scheduler window, under Actions, click Import Task. Your custom task is now ready to go!
More Than Capable
Through the manipulation of triggers, actions, and events, Server 2008 Task Scheduler offers more than ample flexibility to manage the most mundane of tasks to the most intricate. Moreover, most properties are readily available via the Task Scheduler Wizard. You can achieve more fine-grained control through the Scheduled Task API and XML schema.
Listing 1: XML Code to Trigger Event on Specific Security Group Name and to Pass MemberName to Task


Talk:Common Intermediate Language
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Too Specific[edit]
The notion of a common intermediate language is not specific to Microsoft's.Net; this idea has been around since the time people tried to understand computation and compilers. If anything, this article should be discussing things like UNCOL as well, and Microsoft's CIL should be just one example. --Lingwitt (talk) 12:19, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
Broken Link for Kenny Kerr's intro to CIL (called MSIL in the tutorial)[edit]
The closest thing I could find in 10 seconds of googling is this link, and even it has a link to that same 404 page:
Machine Symbolic Intermediate Language?[edit]
I have never heard of the term "Machine Symbolic Intermediate Language". Google and MSDN don't bring up any 1:1 matches. Is there any evidence of this usage? Vector4F 20:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
Likewise. Perhaps this statement should be removed. There are enough acronyms in the world without people inventing new ones for the sake of it! Rickyp 11:10, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
Why does MSIL redirect to here? In all the documentation I've come across, this language has always been called "MSIL." Do a Google search for CIL and you'll get pages on unrelated material. Do a search for MSIL and--remarkably--you'll get pages about.NET and the Microsoft Intermediate Language. If no one objects within a few days, I'll redirect CIL to MSIL and change all references to CIL to MSIL. If you have a compelling contrasting viewpoint (with references), please submit it.
To back up my argument, you may go to MSDN (Microsoft's technical website) and type in CIL. There you'll get hits on unrelated material. Type in MSIL and you'll get hits on MS's MSIL compiler. You can also check out Jesse Liberty's book Programming C#. He also discusses MSIL and never mentions CIL. Frecklefoot | Talk 14:30, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
IL was referred to as MSIL for a long time before Microsoft officially changed the name to CIL. That is why you will find more references to MSIL. Be that as it may, the official name of the language has been CIL since before the v1.NET Framework shipped. I fixed up the references in the wikipedia to be up-to-date with current terminology, while leaving in references to the original name.
The reason for the change is the the runtime was standardized, including IL, and so they didn't want any Microsoft-specific names in the standardized portions of the runtime.
Perhaps relevant: uses CIL. - Bevo 17:27, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I don't consider a count of google search hits to be indicative of how up-to-date a term is. In fact, the more out of date term is likely to have more hits, by default I would think.
Onebit 20:07, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Thanks for the update! Frecklefoot | Talk 20:32, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Sure thing! Onebit 20:38, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Byte me[edit]
The CIL is not bytecode (byte = 8 bits), it is actually word based (WORD = 16 bits). Saying "wordcode" however sounds weird. Is there a way to describe it so it is correct and not weird-sounding? Right now it says it is bytecode, which is not correct (Java is bytecode based). Frecklefoot | Talk 18:57, Jun 25, 2004 (UTC)
Use of "bytecode" is appropriate. Originally the term "bytecode", no-doubt, referred to the size of the instructions. However, bytecode has been around for a long time, and not every example of bytecode centers around bytes in terms of the actual data stream. Even the existing wikipedia entry for bytecode refers to the fact that not all bytecodes are byte-length. At this point "bytecode" is a word unto itself; on the other hand, using "wordcode" would be making up a new word.
Meanwhile, the CIL portion of the CLI spec refers to the instructions as "bytecodes". --Onebit 20:47, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
I suppose one of the earliest examples of this type of computer language was called P-code (or pseudo-code), see UCSD p-System. I'd have preferred that a term like P-code to have been used instead of bytecode, but I guess it's too late now. - Bevo 21:06, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
It's a generic name and it's easy to say, sounds like a computer term, and has been used a lot. P-code, as Bevo mentioned, stands for psuedo-code, but it's really too generic of a name. I've even seen it used to refer to Java, Perl, Python bytecode etc.. This harks back to it's more common meaning - pseudo-code is what you jot down on the back of napkins, not for processing. That's probably why we use bytecode and not p-code. I have only used the term "bytecode" to refer to an intermediate language while I have used pseudo-code many times to refer to generic programming.
Vector4F 05:10, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)
It needs to be called p-Code. Pseudo-code can mean both bytecode and "compiler nonspecific" code (for writing algorithms), but p-Code is always used to refer to bytecode (or wordcode, or dword code). And these articles need to be merged. You guys aren't discussing -whetherthey should be merged; everyone agrees they should. You're discussing which term is more appropriate, which deserves a whole different "disputed article" sticky note.
Cheburashka 20:49, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
MSIL is one kind of CIL[edit]
The microsoft research project phoenix uses the term CIL with its own intermediate language wich has nothing to do with MSIL. In my oppinion CIL stands for all bytecode languages that are 1) shared between multiple compilers and 2) meant to be compiled to machine code instead of being interpreted. Have a look at
SealedSun 21:33, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
That's understandable, but as it says in the article, after it was standardized it dropped the "Microsoft" bit, because it is a spec developed jointly with IBM and others. Technically it would make more sense to merge the MCIL article with CIL. But until there is an article made about "other" CILs, I wouldn't worry about it. Foofy 00:21, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
Well, articles about other CILs, they'll be pretty rare because the only other implementation that counts[Mono] aims to achive Binary Compatibility with Microsoft's runtime. So, their CIL needs to mimick Microsoft's CIL. Yuvi
CIL can be targeted by a regular C/C++ compiler[edit]
This should be mentioned somewhere - CIL, notably, has pointers, unlike JVM, which uses segmented memory. Take basically any C/C++ application, feed it to a C++/CLI compiler and you get a 100%.NET executable (well, not really true in practice, but it's more an accident of implementation than anything else, like how executables produced by Visual C++ will still depend on the native C runtime DLL. No reason a C/C++ runtime couldn't be implemented on top of BCL)
Well, I'll invite you to add it, it's wikipedia after all:)
text/bytecode contradiction[edit]
Is CIL a textual programming language, like a scripting language, or a type of bytecode? This article claims it is both! Herorev 19:53, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
"Upon execution of a.NET assembly, its CIL is passed through the Common Language Runtime's JIT compiler to generate native code" - so where does bytecode come into all this? -Wootery 20:59, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
CIL has both a textual representation as well as a bytecode representation. The bytecode version is used when persisting the code in an.NET assembly. When disassembled, the textual representation is used. Both are semantically same. (Excuse me for ressurecting an archaic thread) --soum talk 17:06, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
Merge from MSIL[edit]
I merged MSIL into this article basically by copy-pasting the MSIL article. Please make sure all the references to MSIL/CIL/IL within the text are correct. Tocharianne 00:52, 30 December 2006 (


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Search: Asian Studies - China, Available: In Print
Rafe de Crespigny
Though denigrated by later generations, Cao Cao was a military and political hero of China, restoring a measure of order from the ruins of Later Han. From historical records and his own writings, this book reinterprets his life and achievements.
Edited by Arthur W. Hummel
Hummel's biographical dictionary remains the single indispensable reference tool for Chinese history since 1644. It was first published in 1943–44. 'The best history of China of the last 300 years' – Hu Shih.
Click a term to refine your current search.
Categories: all » Asian Studies - China
Availability: all » Available: In Print
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text:
Over the last half century, the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of East Antarctica have become a globally important site for scientific research and environmental monitoring. Historical data can make important contributions to current research activities and environmental management in Antarctica, but tend to be widely scattered and difficult to access. We address this need in the MDV by compiling over 5,000 historical photographs, sketches, maps, oral interviews, publications, and other archival resources into an online digital archive. The data have been digitized and georeferenced using a standardized metadata structure, which enables intuitive searches and data discovery via an online interface. The ultimate aim of the archive is to create as comprehensive as possible a record of human activity in the MDV to support ongoing research, management, and conservation efforts. This is a valuable tool for scientists seeking to understand the dynamics of change in lakes, glaciers, and other physical systems, as well as humanistic inquire into the history of the Southern continent. In addition to providing benchmarks for understanding change over time, the data can help target field sampling for studies working under the assumption of a pristine landscape by enabling researchers to identify the date and extent of past human activities. The full database is accessible via the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research site: _URL_
Using bibliographies of MDV publications (including grey literature) (Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., 1985; Mead, 1978; New Zealand Antarctic Programme, 1995), recommendations from other researchers, and outreach to "Old Antarctic Explorer" organizations, we compiled a list of individuals who have worked in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We then contacted these individuals with requests for historical photographs and documents related to the MDV (Fig. 1). When we received interested replies, we collected the data using one of the following approaches. If data (especially photographs) were already available in digital format, we arranged for files to be sent to us electronically. When data were not available digitally, we either arranged for the contributors to digitize their documents locally through commercial scanning services, or we visited the researchers in person with a scanner (either a slide scanner or a flatbed scanner depending on the nature of the data). The in-person visits also facilitated oral history interviews with researchers, which we recorded, transcribed, and included in the archive (Fig. 2).In addition to individuals, we also worked with universities, libraries, archives, and national Antarctic programs. Sometimes data were already easily accessible online, such as the Antarctica New Zealand's digital photograph collection (Antarctica New Zealand, 2017). More often, however, data were only available in non-digital formats, in which case we followed a digitization process similar to our work with the individual researchers.


text:
I struggle for a long while with solving this problem, but can't seem to find a solution. I'm not really a mathematical genius.
On asks to calculate the quickest route from A to B (by foot).
There are 2 ways to get there:
1. From A to X at 5 km/h and then from X to B at 2 km/h -> this route takes 16 minutes 59 seconds
2. From A to Y at 5 km/h and then from Y to B at 2 km/h -> this route takes 19 minutes 25 seconds
The aim is to find out what the distance is
From A -> X and X -> B
From A -> Y and Y -> B
There are a few catches.
- The angle between A-> X and A-> Y is 95°, but I do not know whether this is important.
- The angles between A-> X and X-> B and also A-> Y and Y-> B are not necessarily 90 °
Thus Pythagoras is in my eyes not suitable for solving this problem.
How should I deal with this problem? Preferably as understandable as possible please.


Effyom - Meaning of Effyom
What does Effyom mean?
[ syll. ef-fyom, eff-y-om ] The baby boy name Effyom is pronounced EH-FiyAAM †. Effyom's language of origin is African. Effyom is a variation of Effiom.
Baby names that sound like Effyom include Ebony (English), Efeom, Effiom, Efiom, Efyom, Epefano, Epifan, Eviun, Epefanio, Epifanee, Epifaney, Epifani, Epifano, Epifaneo, Eban (Hebrew), Eben (English, Hebrew, and Welsh), Ebenn, Ebin, Ebun, and Efan.
† approx English pronunciation for Effyom: EH as in "ebb (EH.B)" ; F as in "fee (F.IY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; AA as in "odd (AA.D)" ; M as in "me (M.IY)"
Meaning of Effyom Meaning of Effiom Meaning of Efeom Meaning of Effeom Meaning of Efiom Meaning of Efyom
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text: Establishing the relationship between a given chemical exposure and human reproductive health risk is complicated by exposures or other concomitant factors that may vary from pregnancy to pregnancy. Moreover, when exposures are to complex mixtures of chemicals, varying with time in number of components, doses of individual components, and constancy of exposure, the picture becomes even more complicated. A pilot study of risk of adverse reproductive outcomes among male wastewater treatment workers and their wives is described. Wives of 231 workers were interviewed to evaluate retrospectively the outcomes of spontaneous early fetal loss and infertility. In addition, 87 workers participated in a cross-sectional evaluation of sperm/semen parameters. Due to the ever-changing nature of exposure and lack of quantification of specific exposures, six dichotomous variables were used for each specific job description to give a surrogate measure of exposure. Hence, no quantitative exposure-response relationships could be modeled. These six variables were independently assigned by two environmental hygienists, and their interrater reliability was assessed. Results are presented and further innovations in statistical methodology are proposed for further applications.


text:
All the marketers around the globe know that text message marketing can be the best approach to reach a larger segment of consumers. To execute things they definitely need numbers like phone, mobile and even fax. This difficulty has been by introduction of a series of phone number extractor tools that have the facility to extract numbers from different sources.
But how can we judge that which is the best number extractor tool in the market. To solve we need to see the features that a mobile number extractor or phone numberextractor must have.
- Extraction via Different SourcesIn this section the first thing user needs is the talent to harvest numbers from internet. Internet is the biggest source of getting numbers for this purpose. But for it you definitely require URLs so that you can go and take out numbers directly from the website or Keywords related to your search. Thus the number grabber you would be employing should have the choices to harvest numbers from URLs & Keywords. Availability of these options can give users and upper hand in this process.
- More Options RequiredIf you want to extract numbers from Outlook or Gmail or other sources then you require more choices. The tool should have option to extract number from different folders these sources have such as inbox, outbox, etc. So if you are choosing this source for numbers you have to make clear that the tool has these options.
- Clone AddressesDon't get confused we are talking about the duplicate numbers. The demerit of having them is that if they are used in sending messages it may happen that the same message will land up twice on the same number. So always install software that has talent to remove the duplicate ones either manually or automatically.
- Keep it SafeOne of the important options that has importance after the numbers have been downloaded but are not to be used instantly. For this take software that also provides choice to keep these numbers in a suitable file format.
Tool having all these features can be of a huge advantage for the organizations that do e-marketing. Thus it is more important to utilize the best tool to accomplish the target in the shortest span of time. If you choose the right tool you can easily acquire the large segment of market.


text:
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This is an unproven proposition I've come across in multiple places.
Suppose $A$ is a commutative Noetherian ring, and $S$ a multiplicative subset of $A$. Then $S^{-1}A$ is Noetherian.
Why is this? I thought about taking some chain of submodules $$ S^{-1}M_1\subset S^{-1}M_2\subset\cdots $$ and pulling back to a chain $$ M_1\subset M_2\subset\cdots $$ of submodules of $A$ which must eventually stablize. Is there more to it than this? I kind of wary of assuming all submodules of $S^{-1}A$ have form $S^{-1}M$ for $M\leq A$.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This is a standard property of localizations:
Theorem. Let $R$ be a commutative ring, and let $S\neq\emptyset$ be a multiplicative subset. Let $M$ be an $R$-module. Let $\varphi\colon R\to S^{-1}R$ be the canonical map ($\varphi(r) = \frac{rs}{s}$), and likewise, by abuse of notation, let $\varphi\colon M\to S^{-1}M$ be the natural map $(\varphi(m) = \frac{sm}{s}$ with $s\in S$).
 1. For every submodule $N$ of $M$, $S^{-1}N = \{\frac{a}{s}\mid a\in N\}$ is a submodule of $S^{-1}M$.
 2. If $L$ is a submodule of $S^{-1}M$, then $\varphi^{-1}(L) = \{m\in M\mid \varphi(m)\in L\}$ is a submodule of $M$.
 3. If $N$ is a submodule of $M$, then $N\subseteq \varphi^{-1}(S^{-1}N)$. Moreover, if $N=\varphi^{-1}(L)$ for some submodule $L$ of $M$, then $L=S^{-1}N$.
Proof. $S^{-1}N$ is nonempty, as it contains $\frac{0}{s}$; it is closed under differences, since $\frac{a}{s}-\frac{b}{t} = \frac{ta-sb}{st}\in S^{-1}N$ if $a,b\in N$. And it is closed under scalar multiplication, since $a\in N$ implies $ra\in N$ for all $r\in R$, so $\frac{r}{t}(\frac{a}{s}) = \frac{ra}{ts}\in S^{-1}N$ if $a\in N$.
Now let $L$ be a submodule of $S^{-1}M$; since $\varphi$ is a module homomorphism, the pullback of a submodule is a submodule, so 2 is immediate.
Again, let $N$ be a submodule of $M$. Then for every $a\in N$ we have $\varphi(a) = \frac{sa}{s}\in S^{-1}N$, since $sa\in N$, hence $a\in \varphi^{-1}(S^{-1}N)$. Now assume that $N=\varphi^{-1}(L)$. If $a\in N$ and $s\in S$, then $\frac{a}{s} = \frac{ssa}{sss} = \frac{s}{ss}\frac{sa}{s} =\frac{s}{ss}\varphi(a)\in L$ (since $\varphi(a)\in L$), hence $S^{-1}N\subseteq L$. Conversely, let $\frac{m}{t}\in L$. Then $\frac{tt}{t}\frac{m}{t} = \frac{(tt)m}{tt}=\varphi(m)\in L$, hence $m\in \varphi^{-1}(L) = N$; thus, $\frac{m}{t}\in S^{-1}N$, proving that $L\subseteq S^{-1}N$. Therefore, $L=S^{-1}N$, as claimed. $\Box$
Corollary. Every submodule of $S^{-1}M$ is of the form $S^{-1}N$ for some submodule $N$ of $M$.
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Thanks, these properties and the detail are very helpful. – Buble Feb 18 '12 at 23:28
_USER_ I swear to god I've learned so much from your posts on Math.SE :D – user38268 Feb 19 '12 at 1:00
Let $f\colon A \to S^{-1}A$ be the canonical homomorphism. It is true that every ideal $\mathfrak b$ of $S^{-1}A$ is of the form $S^{-1}\mathfrak a = f(\mathfrak a)(S^{-1}A)$ for some ideal $\mathfrak a$ of $A$. We can even take $\mathfrak a = f^{-1}(\mathfrak b)$, and this should help you prove that $S^{-1}A$ is Noetherian using increasing chains.
You can find related facts in and around Proposition 6.4 of Milne.
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Thanks for your help again, Dylan. btw, should it say some ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $A$? in the second line, not $S^{-1}A$? – Buble Feb 18 '12 at 23:27
_USER_ Yes indeed. I was toying with the wording and this mixup, inevitably, happened. – Dylan Moreland Feb 18 '12 at 23:47
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Parallel Trade Conference
8 February 2019
SMi presented its 13th annual Parallel Trade conference, which took place in London on the 5-6 of February 2019.
As the only parallel trade conference in Europe, the event provided a unique opportunity to hear from industry leaders from both sides to share different perspectives on the practice of parallel trade.
Brexit, of course, was of particular significance this year, particularly as the leaving date of 29 March 2019 is fast approaching. After this date, the UK will no longer be a part of the EU single market. It will probably have a significant impact on parallel trade. The hot topic besides Brexit is the upcoming Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD), which comes into effect this week.
The first day of the conference focused on the fundamentals of parallel trade and its impact on different markets, pharmaceutical companies and patients. The ever-changing environment in which this occurs was apparent and the need for a mindful approach about the immediate and long term impact of industry activities in this area. A key theme was the importance of prioritising patient safety, including optimising access to medicines and preventing counterfeit drugs from entering the supply chain. It was noted by a speaker that in comparison to previous years, patients took a more prominent role in the presentations at this year's conference. This is perhaps unexpected in light of increasing discussion about 'patient centricity' in the industry.
The second day of the conference addressed the complex regulatory context of parallel trade. As an already highly regulated industry, parallel trade adds a new layer of difficulty for all stakeholders. Challenges discussed included navigating pricing, competition law, intellectual property obligatory and supply considerations. Lots of discussion also took place about the root causes of drug shortages and how to prevent them. It was clear that there remains a lot of grey area within parallel trade, which makes tackling these issues no easy task. A major theme from this day was the importance of collaboration and taking a proactive approach to preparing for regulatory changes.
With strong and sometimes conflicting opinions about many aspects of parallel trade, the conference involved lively panel sessions and engaging question and answer sessions. It is clear that there is a lot to discuss about parallel trade and conferences such as this play an important role in providing a platform for these conversations to occur.
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Quick Tip: Understanding Multi-Value Data and the Databus
Quick Tip: Understanding Multi-Value Data and the Databus
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I saw a question in the forums around multi-value data and how someone could pass multi-value data in to a runbook via the Initialize Data activity. I was going to answer the question there but thought it would be better to post an article to reach a broader audience. When dealing with published data on the databus, it's helpful to know exactly how multi-value data is produced and consumed so you can plan your runbooks accordingly. Actually, it's kind of simple once you understand it.
First of all, when I say multi-value data, the term refers to multiple occurrences of an activity's property or properties. You can think of this as a table, an array, or a collection, whatever suits you best. For example, if you ran the PowerShell command:
get-childitem C:\
You would get back a collection of objects, each with several properties. This is multi-value data. You can handle multi-value data in two ways: (1) You can leave it as it is in "collection" form (which is the default behavior), or you can (2) flatten it into a long string of delimited values (like a comma-delimited list).
The way you choose to handle multi-value affects the way the subsequent activities in the runbook are run. If you choose the default behavior, then the next activity will be run one time for each "row" in the data. If you choose to flatten the multi-value data, then the next activity only runs once, but usually you'll have to do your own parsing of the data to pull out relevant values.
Now here's the important part: multi-value data exists only in the activity that created it. Huh? What does that mean? It means that when an activity is triggered, it is triggered by a single instance of the data generated from an activity. Multi-value data in its true "collection" form is never sent to an activity. The next activity is triggered with a single value of that multi-value data. Therefore, the only way to pass in an entire collection of data is to have it flattened in some form first. There is no way to pass in an existing collection of multi-value data because every activity expects to receive a single item.
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 - Which activities produce multi-value data? Doesnt appear to be documented. I noticed that using the Query WMI activity seems to produce flattened data with no delimiter, even if the query produces multiple results.


text: Organizations in the United States that engage in Religious Activities number in the thousands. There are many in each state, including new and fully-established groups. There are currently 9 subcategories of Religious Activities as defined by the IRS activities codes. These subcategories include everything from Association or convention of churches to Religious publishing activities. Explore the links below to see what these organizations have to offer.


Posts Tagged: 'Alex'
Lessons Learned At The Lego Monthly Model Build
January 3, 2012 Posted by zachary
Today, I took my son, Alex, to the Lego Monthly Mini Model build at the Lego Store in OKC. We had started doing these last year but got out of habit and decided that with the new year we would start going every month from now on. It an awesome little activity and the models he builds are free. So it is a win win.
Lego Monthly Build for January 2012: Cobra
However, there are some lessons I learned while there. Not everything has to do with the activity, some have to do with Legos themselves.
 1. There is roughly a 2 hour time frame you must schedule around. From the time we got there to the time we left was about 2 hours. We stayed a little late to browse, but not for too long. So with that in mind we have:
 2. Bring something to entertain not only yourself, but your kids. 2 hours is quite the wait and if you don't have enough to do the kids get a little wild. Next month I plan on bringing the DS for Alex and a book for me. This time we had a Lego Club magazine and that was it.
 3. The models are worth the wait. While they are not too extravagant, they are neat and provide a tool to help kids get those creative juices flowing and see what they can build using standard Legos. No special pieces here, only bricks, plates and slopes.
Those are the main lessons I learned about the model builds. The rest of the lessons are about the Lego sets themselves.
 1. All Lego Trains use the same tracks. I was concerned about this when my son got the Lego Toy Story train for Christmas and it didn't come with any tracks. So it doesn't matter which set you get the tracks from, all trains will fit. Too bad they were out of tracks today.
 2. The New Lego DC Univers Lego Sets are awesome. However, they should be called the Lego Batman and Friends Lego Sets because they are primarily about Batman. There is one non-Batman set and it is relatively small. I am sure that they will come out with more non-Batman sets, but not yet.
 3. Speaking of DC Universe Legos, Wonder Woman does not seem to have any iconic villains and needs to be included in a Superman vs Lex Luther set. This is one of the problems with Wonder Woman anything. Even if Lego included any of her major foes, no one other than die hard WW fans would know who they are.
 4. The Lego Ninjago sets are awesome, specifically the new boat they have. they used to be Ninjas vs Skeleton people but they have now added snake headed people to the set list.
 5. Lego has a ton of really cool animals now. I remember a time when the only animals were horses, birds and dragons. Then I got excited with bats, snakes and spiders. Now they have freaking dinosaurs, bears, dogs and many many other smaller animals. They are really getting some good animal showings here.
 6. Finally, Lego women are making a huge showing now. It used to be that Lego women were a rare breed and you had to really search to find them. They mostly came with the city sets but even then it was rare to find them. Now every major Lego theme has at least a couple sets that include at least one woman. Now if only they would include more.
So that's what I learned while I was at the Lego store today. Can't wait to see what happens next month.


text:
Tumors of the External Ear
Tumors of the ear can be benign or malignant. They can occur on the external ear, or in the ear canal, the middle ear or inner ear. Tumors in different areas of the ear behave differently. Thus, it is necessary to describe tumors based on their site of occurrence, as well as their behavior and treatment.
Tumors of the External Ear Canal
The external ear canal begins at the opening of the cup-shaped portion (concha) of the ear and extends downward to the ear drum. Tumors that occur in the ear canal can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors of the external ear canal are very serious. Immediate biopsy of any suspicious lesion in the external ear canal should be performed immediately.
Causes of Ear Cancer
The exact cause of ear cancer is not known. Individuals with history of chronic ear infections (>10 years) are at a higher risk for developing ear cancer.


text:
"I walked quite a way out, but it was still only about waist deep."
You're at the beach with your family. You've gone in the water and were surprised by how shallow it was. You tell your wife, who hasn't gone in the ocean yet, about it.
I walked quite a way out, but it was still only about waist deep.
This casual expression means "quite far" or "pretty far". You use it with a direction word like one of these:
quite a way up
quite a way down
quite a way away
(This sometimes becomes "quite a ways away" in casual speech, although that's ungrammatical.)
To explain how deep some water is in a pool, ocean, lake, etc., English speakers sometimes explain what part of their body the water reached to. To do this, they use the expression "___ deep":
Don't be scared. It's only waist deep.
Aside from "waist deep", we also use the expressions:
When someone is swimming in the ocean, a lake, etc., you explain where they are by saying how far "out" they are from the shore:
She was swimming about twenty yards out, and suddenly I saw her start to splash and wave her arms.
You use the same phrase when someone is riding in a boat:
To catch the really big fish, you have to go a few miles out.


text:
Electric Vehicle Emergency Field Guide, 2012 Edition
|Item # EVFG12|
Respond to electric and hybrid vehicle incidents involving damaged high voltage batteries, battery fires, submersion and charging stations with NFPA's full-color Electric Vehicle Emergency Field Guide, 2012 Edition. It's packed with color visuals and technical data reviewed by the auto manufacturers!
It is predicted that 13.9 million electrified vehicles will be on the world's roadways within 5 years. Damaged batteries, silent operation, and fires involving these types of vehicles pose the highest degree of potential danger to both response teams and vehicle occupants -- including toxic fumes, high voltage, and delayed fire hazards. Have the facts required to address hazards and handle challenges safely and effectively with NFPA's Electric Vehicle Emergency Field Guide.
Only the fire and life safety leader could pack so much detail about EV/hybrid hazard awareness and procedures into a single, easy-to-use resource.
Learn about everything from vehicle immobilization to disabling high-voltage and SRS systems, conducting safe extrication cuts, and executing vehicle recovery and disposal. The hands-on EV Emergency Field Guide covers:
- Disabling procedures and extrication hazards specific to individual makes and models -- checked by manufacturers for technical accuracy
- NFPA-developed procedural guidelines for fire response, extrication, submersion, spill hazards, and first aid
- Original manufacturer diagrams and images
- Leading-edge Lithium Ion vehicle safety information from third-party research such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Fire Protection Research Foundation
- Post-incident recovery procedures
- Warning signs of latent fire risks
- Storage guidance
The Emergency Field Guide is updated as technology changes, so make sure you have the latest!
Compact, spiralbound, and organized for easy access to information, the Electric Vehicle Emergency Field Guide is essential for fire and rescue personnel, EMS technicians, law enforcement, and towing/recovery professionals. Stay safe and be prepared to respond -- order today. (Spiralbound, Approx. 145 pp., 2012 Volume 1)
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I have just started numerical analysis so this question probably seems trivial.
Say I have a function $f(x) = x^2 - x - 3$
I let $g(x) = x^2 - 3$
Then I want to find the roots of $f(x)$ so I have $f(x) = g(x) - x = 0$
So I can find the roots by finding the fixed points of $x = g(x)$
So far so good yes?
Now I use the fixed point iteration formula - $x_{n+1} = g(x_{n}) = x_{n}^2 - 3$
Say I pick 3 for $x_{1}$, then I get $x_{2} = 6$ and $x_{3} = 33$ it is diverging
I then tried picking 1 for $x_{1}$, then I get $x_{2} = -2$ and $x_{3} = 1$ it is going to infinitely alternate...
So the fixed point iteration method isn't working. Why is it not working in this situation and what are the conditions it needs to work?
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You function $g$ must be Lipschitz with coefficient $<1$ in order to make it work. Try the Newton-Raphson algorithm instead ;) – vanna Sep 12 '12 at 16:44
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
One thing to consider is whether the iteration is a contraction map in a neighborhood of the desired root. Here the derivative of the iteration function is $2x$, and this has absolute value greater than 1 near either root.
In such a case an inverse iteration often works as a contraction, i.e. here we'd assign $\sqrt{x+3}$ to $x$ repeatedly to approximate the positive root.
The contraction mapping property is that $|f(x)-f(y)|$ is less than $|x-y|$, but this is a sufficient condition rather than a necessary one for convergence of a fixed point iteration. However if the inequality goes the other way, iterates cannot converge to the fixed point.
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 1. Plot the function:
 2. Look at section 2.1 and 2.2 in:
Can you figure out what is wrong from that?
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Nice hints. What is HTH? (I'm not the most savvy nor well-versed in terms of knowledge of common/informal "text" or "chat" acronyms, as my question probably reveals.) – amWhy May 19 '13 at 0:26
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text:
Creation Date: Apr 10, 2011
Published In: Apr 2011
Paper Type: Journal Article
Book Title: IEEE Transactions on Information TheoryAbstract: In a wireless network with a single source and a single destination and an arbitrary number of relay nodes, what is the maximum rate of information flow achievable? We make progress on this long standing problem through a two-step approach. First, we propose a deterministic channel model which captures the key wireless properties of signal strength, broadcast and superposition. We obtain an exact characterization of the capacity of a network with nodes connected by such deterministic channels. This result is a natural generalization of the celebrated max-flow min-cut theorem for wired networks. Second, we use the insights obtained from the deterministic analysis to design a new quantize-map-and-forward scheme for Gaussian networks. In this scheme, each relay quantizes the received signal at the noise level and maps it to a random Gaussian codeword for forwarding, and the final destination decodes the source's message based on the received signal. We show that, in contrast to existing schemes, this scheme can achieve the cut-set upper bound to within a gap which is independent of the channel parameters. In the case of the relay channel with a single relay as well as the two-relay Gaussian diamond network, the gap is 1 bit/s/Hz. Moreover, the scheme is universal in the sense that the relays need no knowledge of the values of the channel parameters to (approximately) achieve the rate supportable by the network. We also present extensions of the results to multicast networks, half-duplex networks, and ergodic networks.
IEEE Explore link: _URL_


text:
Motorcycle Mechanic Career Information
F ew objects stir as much passion in their owners as motorcycles. They're fast, sound like thunder, and provide an unmatched sense of freedom for those brave enough to ride them. But motorcycles, especially modern ones, are complex machines. They require regular maintenance, and they sometimes break down. That's why motorcycle mechanics are so important. Many bikers just want to ride. So they need passionate and qualified people trained in motorcycle repair to fix up their bikes when things go wrong. If you have what it takes, you could be one of them. You could even wind up with a career in the motorcycle industry that goes beyond just repair.
Is There a Difference Between a Motorcycle Mechanic and a Motorcycle Technician?
No, there isn't a difference. Motorcycle mechanics are also sometimes called motorcycle technicians or motorcycle service technicians. They are all the same thing, although some professionals in the field do prefer to be called motorcycle technicians (especially if they work for a motorcycle manufacturer or national racing team).
What Does a Motorcycle Mechanic Do?
Some people describe the work of motorcycle mechanics as "wrenching" (i.e., merely turning a wrench all day to perform routine maintenance or repairs on bikes). But that kind of description is unfair and too simplistic. Motorcycle mechanics don't just mindlessly use tools; they solve problems—often, complex ones.
Plus, many motorcycle mechanics work on more than just bikes. (They often have the skills to work on ATVs, snowmobiles, and other motorized vehicles powered by small engines.)
Depending on where they work and the level of their expertise, motorcycle mechanics perform duties such as:
- Visually inspecting motorcycles
- Listening to engines for signs of problems
- Conducting tests on generator output, ignition timing, and engine performance
- Test-driving motorcycles to help pinpoint the source of any problems
- Diagnosing mechanical or electrical problems
- Inspecting and testing any malfunctioning parts
- Discussing diagnosed problems, necessary parts and labor, and estimated costs with clients
- Repairing broken parts
- Replacing parts that can't be fixed
- Adjusting or repairing motorcycle subassemblies such as transmissions, drive chains, forks, and brakes
- Dismantling engines or subassemblies
- Reviewing the technical manuals of motorcycle manufacturers
- Performing routine maintenance (e.g., replacing spark plugs, changing oil, lubricating parts, etc.)
- Scraping carbon build-up off of pistons, valves, cylinders, and other parts
- Performing complete engine overhauls
- Hammering out bends or dents in motorcycle frames
- Welding any breaks or tears in motorcycle frames
- Completing any necessary paperwork for warranty or insurance repairs
- Properly disposing of hazardous substances
- Keeping good records of all work performed and parts used
- Ordering spare parts
- Assembling, inspecting, and test-riding new motorcycles
- Fitting custom accessories to new motorcycles
Motorcycle technicians must use a large variety of tools—in different sizes as well as in both metric and SAE standards—to perform their duties. Plus, special tools are sometimes required that only work with specific makes and models. Some of the tools used in servicing motorcycles include:
- Computerized testing equipment
- Long socket wrenches
- Short socket wrenches
- Drive ratchets
- Deep sockets
- Short sockets
- Impact sockets
- Brake line wrenches
- Allen wrenches
- Air tools
- Heat guns
Motorcycle mechanics can become certified to work on (or even specialize in) the bikes of individual motorcycle manufacturers such as:
Where Can Motorcycle Mechanics Work?
With the right skills, knowledge, and experience, motorcycle mechanics can find work with a variety of different types of employers, including:
- Motorcycle dealerships
- Motorcycle repair shops
- Motorcycle racing teams
- Motorcycle manufacturers
- Automotive salvage yards
- Marine dealerships
After plenty of experience, some motorcycle mechanics also choose to open their own repair shops.
How Much Does a Motorcycle Mechanic Make?
Motorcycle mechanics don't get into this field for the money. They do it because they love motorcycles and enjoy the kind of work that lets them use their hands as well as their minds. The reality is that the typical motorcycle mechanic salary is relatively low when compared to some other trades.
So, just how much does a motorcycle mechanic make?
According to national estimates from 2011, the median hourly wage of motorcycle mechanics was $15.58, which translates to $32,410 annually. *
Motorcycle mechanics at the beginning of their careers, however, can expect to earn substantially less until they gain more experience. Starting pay for new technicians tends to be the equivalent of $10 to $11 per hour.
With a little luck, lots of experience, and well-refined skills and expertise, some motorcycle mechanics are able to make $50,000 or more per year.
Here are some other important things to keep in mind about motorcycle mechanic pay:
- Most motorcycle mechanics are not paid a regular hourly wage or salary. Rather, they get paid a flat rate or commission for each client repair or piece of work they perform. This means that they only get paid when there is actually work to do. So when the volume of work in a repair shop decreases, their pay does too. Of course, there are exceptions to this structure.
- Due to the commission pay structure, motorcycle mechanics must usually perform their work quickly. A good paycheck is often dependent on turning around many jobs each day.
- Smaller repair shops frequently cannot afford to offer employee benefits.
- No matter where they work, motorcycle mechanics are usually responsible for purchasing their own hand tools, which can total several thousand dollars for a good set. And because tools gets lost, damaged, or stolen, they typically must purchase at least one new tool every week. In fact, it is common to have to spend $100 or more per week on tools. (Employers generally only provide the more complex and expensive items such as power tools and diagnostic testing equipment.)
- Typically speaking, the average Harley-Davidson mechanic salary is going to be the same as the salary or annual wages of any other motorcycle mechanic. Specializing in only one manufacturer rarely leads to better pay. It's usually more advantageous to have the skills to work on the bikes of multiple manufacturers since only a lucky few get to work directly for a single manufacturer.
What Kinds of Qualifications Does a Motorcycle Mechanic Need?
In most states, a motorcycle mechanic doesn't technically need any formal qualifications to start training or performing work. But it is always best to check with the state you plan to work in to make sure. Some states do impose requirements.
For instance, a few states, such as Michigan and Hawaii, require motorcycle mechanics to obtain special state licensing or certification before they can perform work for the public. Getting state certification usually involves paying a fee and passing a written exam. Even trainees sometimes require a special permit.
Beyond any state requirements, motorcycle mechanics often must obtain individual manufacturer certifications to perform warranty or insurance work on specific makes and models. But it's important to know that there is no professional sanctioning body that certifies all motorcycle technicians. Rather, individual manufacturers award certifications themselves via special classes and workshops (e.g., Harley-Davidson awards Harley certifications and Honda awards Honda certifications). Some employers pay to send their mechanics to such workshops.
Formal education from a post-secondary school isn't absolutely necessary to get started in the industry, but it is usually encouraged by employers as a way to learn the basics of motorcycle repair. Some employers are willing to take on apprentices who have no prior experience, but such opportunities can be hard to find unless you are very persistent, have your own tools, and can demonstrate your commitment and general mechanical aptitude.
At minimum, a motorcycle mechanic usually must have at least a high school diploma to get started, as well as a license for driving motorcycles. Successful motorcycle technicians also tend to possess the following:
- A genuine passion for motorcycles
- Exceptional problem-solving abilities
- Strong hand-eye coordination
- Good hearing
- Basic math skills
- Good reading skills
- A knowledge of basic electronics
- An eye for detail
- Basic computer literacy
- Good hand and finger dexterity
- Physical stamina
- Good listening and verbal communication skills
- The ability to follow detailed instructions
- A strong safety mindset
- Good judgment and reasoning skills
- A persistent desire to learn new things
- Good time management skills
- The patience to push through obstacles
- A practical mindset
- The ability to work independently and under pressure
- A tolerance for grease, chemicals, dust, and noise
Welding is also a great skill to have as a motorcycle mechanic. And if you ever intend to open your own repair shop, then a business degree can be very helpful as well.
Can You Tell Me How to Become a Motorcycle Mechanic?
If you want to know how to become a motorcycle mechanic, then you need to understand that what works for one person might not work for another. You'll need to weigh the options and consider how each one aligns with your own personal circumstances.
Today, the most common way to get started in this field is to attend a post-secondary institution that offers a diploma, certificate, or associate's degree in motorcycle service technology. Most programs take one year or less to complete, except for associate's degree programs which take two years.
Another way to begin a career as a motorcycle mechanic involves finding an employer who is willing to take you on as an apprentice. In this scenario, you get paid as you learn the trade. And some employers will also pay for some formal schooling to help you learn the basics or to gain specific manufacturer certifications. Such employers, however, are increasingly rare in many regions.
Home study courses in motorcycle repair, usually offered online


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Medical Foods Policy and Regulatory Developments
Global Policy and Regulatory Medical Foods Developments
- Codex Alimentarius was created by FAO and WHO in 1963 to develop food standards and guidelines, as well as related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. The Codex Alimentarius Commission aims to protect consumer health, ensure fair trade practices, and promote coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations.
- The Codex Committee on Foods for Special Dietary Uses agreed to develop guidelines on labeling and claims for medical foods in 1980 and accepted the offer of the United States to prepare a set of proposed draft guidelines for consideration at the next session in 1982. Report of the Twelfth Session of Codex Committee on Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 81/26.
- The draft guidelines on labeling and claims for medical foods prepared by the United States were discussed at the 1982 meeting. Report of the Thirteenth Session of Codex Committee on Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 83/26.
- The draft guidelines on labeling and claims for medical foods prepared by the United States were also discussed at the 1985 meeting. Report of the Fourteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 85/26.
- The Committee developed a standard instead of a guideline in 1987 and agreed to use "foods for special medical purposes" instead of "medical foods." The Proposed Draft Standard was submitted for step 3 comment. Report of the Fifteenth Session of Codex Committee on Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 87/26.
- The Proposed Draft Standard was submitted to the 1989 session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission for adoption as a draft standard. Report of the Sixteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 89/26.
- The Committee decided essential information for health professionals should be on the label but was not necessary for consumer labeling. Report of the Meeting of Intergovenmental Working Groups (CX/FSDU 87) and Report of the Sixteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 89/26.
- Medical foods were to be labeled in accordance with the Codex's "General Standard for the Labelling of and Claims for Foods for Special Dietary Uses." Codex Alimentarius Committee on Codex General Standard for Labeling of and Claims for Foods for Special Dietary Uses (1985).
- Certain additional provisions were required for labeling medical foods. Specifically, medical foods must label the energy value and the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, and if applicable, amino acids or essential fatty acids. Osmolality and acid-base balance, where appropriate, must also be on the label. Report of the Sixteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, ALINORM 89/26.
National Policy and Regulatory Medical Foods Developments
- Defines a "food for special dietary use" as a food that has been specially processed or formulated to meet the particular requirements of a person: (a) in whom a physical or physiological condition exists as a result of a disease, disorder, or injury; or (b) for whom a particular effect, including but not limited to weight loss, is to be obtained by a controlled intake of food. 9.9 Foods for Special Dietary Use [Division 24, FDR]
- Compiles European Union rulings and resources relating to foods for special medical purposes.
- Vitamin-Mineral Amendments, Pub. L. No. 94-278 (1976)
- Prohibited the FDA from classifying vitamin and mineral supplements as drugs based solely on their combinations or potency, unless drug claims were made. The legislation also incorporated FDA's 1941 definition of special dietary use into the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Pub. L. No. 75-717, § 201 (f), (g), 52 Stat. 1040, 1041 (1938), as amended 21 U.S.C § 321 (f), (g) (1982)
- Medical foods were regulated as drugs prior to 1972 according to Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C.321(g)(1)(B).
- Orphan Drug Act, Pub. Law. 97-114 (1983)
- Congress amended Orphan Drug Act to formally define a medical food in 1988; reaffirmed in 1992, and again in 1996.
- Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 and subsequent amendments give the FDA authority to require nutrition labeling of most packaged foods regulated by FDA and requires all nutrient claims and health claims meet FDA regulations. The legislation incorporated the definition of medical foods from the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and exempted medical foods from nutrition labeling, health and nutrient claim requirements, and identified five criteria characteristics of medical food (21 CFR 101.9(J)(8)). FDA incorporated the statutory medical food definition of this Act into 21 U.S.C.343. FDA provided guidance on medical foods indicating that Section 101.9(j)(8) exempted medical foods from nutrition labeling, nutrient content claims, and health claim regulations if the product is:
- Specially formulated and processed product for the partial or exclusive feeding of a patient by means of oral intake or enteral feeding by tube;
- Intended for the dietary management of a patient who, because of therapeutic or chronic medical needs, has limited or impaired capacity to ingest, digest, absorb, or metabolize ordinary foodstuffs or certain nutrients, or who has other special medically determined nutrient requirements, the dietary management of which cannot be achieved by the modification of the normal diet alone;
- Provides nutritional support specifically modified for the management of the unique nutrient needs that result from the specific disease or condition as determined by medical evaluation;
- Intended to be used under a medical physician's supervision; and
- Intended only for a patient receiving active and ongoing medical supervision wherein the patient requires medical care on a recurring basis for, among other things, instructions on the use of the medical food.
- Medical Foods Equity Act of 2011 (S.311 and H.1311) have been introduced and referred to Committee to provide coverage for medically necessary food under Federal health programs and private health insurance.
United States Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
- FDA provided guidance on medical foods in 1997.
- FDA announced a new proposed regulations (ANPR) in 1996 but withdrew a couple years later.
- Exempted foods for the use solely under medical supervision to meet nutritional requirements for specific medical conditions from certain labeling requirements. 21 C.F.R. §§ 101.9, 101.9 (h) (3),(4)
- In 1991, FDA published in the Federal Register information on what a medical food is and the distinctive nutritional and medical supervision requirements of medical foods.
- FDA contracted to develop enteral products with high nutritional efficacy to improve tissue repair and shorten convalescence during World War II and to address needs of the aerospace program for easily consumable, low residue, high calorie dietary products. Fisher K, et al. A review of foods for medical purposes. FDA Contract No. 223-75-2090 June 1977; as noted in Hattan DG & Mackey DR. A review of medical foods: Enterally administered formulations used in the treatment of diseases and disorders. Food Drug Cosm. L. J. 44;479-501(1989).
- FDA implemented a compliance program for medical foods in 1988, requiring all products to be manufactured according to Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations.
- FDA expressed during rulemaking in 1973 on vitamin and mineral dietary supplements that the Commissioner recognized medical foods as foods. 38 Fed. Reg. at 2152.
- FDA reclassified medical foods as "foods for special dietary use" to encourage product development in 1972. 37 Fed Reg. at 18,230.
- FDA defined foods for "special dietary uses" in 1941. 21 C.F.R. § 105.3
Non-Government Developments & Reports


Natural Gas Severance Tax Proposals
Act 46 of 2010, more commonly known as Pennsylvania's 2010-2011 budget bill, contained a commitment by the General Assembly to pass a natural gas severance tax by October 1, 2010, with an effective date of no later than January 1, 2011. This article will provide a brief summary of things to watch for as the General Assembly "makes the sausage" this month.
Severance taxes throughout the United States are generally based on the volume of gas extracted, the value of gas extracted, or a combination of the two. In the case of a tax based on the volume of gas extracted, there is a flat rate in terms of cents per thousand cubic feet (MCF). The gas is simply metered through the well as it is extracted. The problem with the volume method is that it does not take into account the value of the gas being extracted. For instance, when gas prices are very high, the taxing jurisdiction will not share in the increased revenues. Conversely, when gas prices are very low, the tax may be a severe impediment to extracting the gas at all.
The alternative is to tax the value of gas extracted "at the wellhead," which means before any deductions are made for transportation and distribution costs. The downside of this type of tax is that it is difficult to forecast for state budgeting purposes. It is also more difficult to enforce the tax, because sales and prices must be monitored and audited, rather than simply reading a volume meter at the wellhead.
Please see full article below for more information.
Published In: Energy & Utilities Updates, Tax Updates
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Kacapi and recitation of pantun stories
It is not certain how long the kacapi has been used to accompany the recitation of pantun stories. In the Sundanese dictionary published by the Lembaga Basa & Sastra Sunda (1976) the primary meaning of the word pantun is given as kacapi.
This may be an indication that the relation between the kacapi and the recitation of pantun stories is an old one. Eringa (1949:3) points to the proverb "kawas pantun teu jeung kacapi", 'like a pantun(-singer) without a kacapi', used of someone who likes to give other people advice but who does not himself practise what he preaches. This proverb, according to Eringa, indicates that the kacapi is the Standard instrument for accompanying a pantun recitation. The Baduy Sundanese of Banten Province still make exclusive use of the kacapi to accompany their pantun stories.


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Scientists find 'no fingerprint' gene mutation - 08-06-2011, 04:41 AM
Scientists find 'no fingerprint' gene mutation
Some people are born without fingerprints
Continue reading the main story Related Stories
Scientists believe they have identified the genetic flaw behind an incredibly rare condition in which people having no fingerprints.
A study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics looked at one Swiss family, many of whom have no fingerprints.
By analysing their DNA, researchers identified the SMARCAD1 gene.
Researchers said "virtually nothing" was known about how the gene functioned in the skin.
Normally fingers are covered with ridges called dermatoglyphs which are fully formed before birth.
Passport problems Only four families have been diagnosed with the fingerprint-less condition known as adermatoglyphia.
It is more popularly referred to as "immigration delay disease" due to problems patient say they have getting through airports.
In this study, researchers from the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in Israel looked at the genetic code of 16 members of a family. Seven had fingerprints, nine were born without.
They found that a shorter version of the SMARCAD1 gene was expressed in the skin and that patients who did not have fingerprints had mutations in the gene.
The lead researcher Professor Eli Sprecher said: "Our findings implicate a skin-specific version of SMARCAD1 in the regulation of fingerprint development.
"Little is known about the function of full-length SMARCAD1 and virtually nothing regarding the physiological role of the skin-specific version of the gene".
Full length SMARCAD1 is thought to control the activity of other genes.
He added: "As abnormal fingerprints are known to sometimes herald severe disorders, our finding may also impact the understanding of additional diseases affecting not only the skin."
|find, fingerprint, gene, mutation, scientists|


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Distilled Water, 1.5L
Many mechanics and car owners use tap water to top off the battery. This can lower performance and shorten battery life due to water impurities that upset the normal battery function.
Battery manufacturers recommend distilled water for better performance and longer battery life. Distilled water is water from which salts and minerals have been removed. Water from faucets, lakes and wells usually has dissolved minerals and salts. These minerals and salts affect the chemical action in the battery.
The battery works harder to maintain its charge and does not operate as efficiently. When the battery works harder, its internal temperature may get hotter while the battery is working. This causes more evaporation and requires more water. Distilled water ensures the correct battery chemical properties are maintained.
- De-ionised water for use in batteries
- Less than one part per million total dissolved solids


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Skip to Main Content
This paper focuses on conditional optimization as a decoding primitive for high rate space-time codes that are obtained by multiplexing in the spatial and code domains. The approach is a crystallization of the work of Hottinen which applies to space-time codes that are assisted by quasi-orthogonality. It is independent of implementation and is more general in that it can be applied to space-time codes such as the Golden Code and perfect space-time block codes, that are not assisted by quasi-orthogonality, to derive fast decoders with essentially maximum likelihood (ML) performance. The conditions under which conditional optimization leads to reduced complexity ML decoding are captured in terms of the induced channel at the receiver. These conditions are then translated back to the transmission domain leading to codes that are constructed by multiplexing orthogonal designs. The methods are applied to several block space-time codes obtained by multiplexing Alamouti blocks where it leads to ML decoding with complexity O(N 2) where N is the size of the underlying QAM signal constellation. A new code is presented that tests commonly accepted design principles and for which decoding by conditional optimization is both fast and ML. The two design principles for perfect space-time codes are nonvanishing determinant of pairwise differences and cubic shaping, and it is cubic shaping that restricts the possible multiplexing structures. The new code shows that it is possible to give up on cubic shaping without compromising code performance or decoding complexity.


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I understand how weights are defined for a Lie algebra representation.
How are weight spaces defined for a Lie group action (with respect to a fixed torus)?
I know this is a very embarrassing basic question, but i've looked through Harris+Fulton with no satisfactory explanation, and the only thing I can think of is using the exponential map somehow to reduce it to a Lie algebra, which seems unefficient computationally. Surely there must be a better way.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the case of a finite dimensional representation of a compact Lie group, one picks a basis in which the action of a maximal torus T is diagonal. The weight associated to a vector in this basis is the homomorphism
lambda: T-->T^1 : t_1^lambda_1. t_2^lambda_2.... t_n^lambda_n
by which the maximal torus acts on the vector. The weight space of the group representation is the set of weights of the representation in the charcter lattice of the maximal torus.
A clear exposition of this material can be found in Pressley and Segal : Loop groups chapter 2.
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It's actually easier than in the Lie algebra case, because (a) the torus action is automatically semisimple, and (b) the lattice support of the weight diagram is self-evident. – Greg Kuperberg Dec 19 '09 at 6:39
There's also a goofy thing you can do in the Lie group case: pick a general enough element $t$ of the torus to have $\langle t\rangle$ dense in $T$. Then when you diagonalize the action of $t$, you've automatically found a weight basis for $T$. – Allen Knutson Apr 13 '11 at 13:00
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Lanthionine is a non proteinogenic amino acid found in peptides of microbial origin. It is a sulfide bridged alanine dimer (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH) which is synthesized from cysteine and dehydroalanine by posttranslational modifications of peptides.
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text: N! BINOM(N,M) = --------- M! (N-M)!In some cases BINOM(N,M) can be computed even though N! can not. For example, BINOM(N,M) is computed for 0 <= N <= 129 and 0 <= M <= N, while 37! is too large for the program to compute.


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# Manage content
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content
Content refers to digital content that the event organiser or partners give to visitors at an event. This could be brochures, white papers, images, website links and so on. Visitors collect the content by tapping a touchpoint or scanning a QR code.
This page describes how to add content to Visit, how to print content QR codes and how to assign/unassign touchpoints to content.
Partners can also add digital content, using Visit Connect. For more information, refer to Visit Connect - Add digital content.
# Content groups
There are three types of content:
- Event content: event organisers can create and manage event content in Visit.
- Partner content: Visit creates a digital partner content record every time a partner is added. You cannot manually add partner content groups.
- Product content: Product content is linked to each Visit Touchpoint that an exhibitor has at an event. Product content requires a Visit Touchpoint license. Partners add this content using Visit Connect.
# Add an event content group
Select + Add.
Create an event content group:
- Enter a name for the event content group. Visit uses this to display the content in the UI.
- Optional: enter a description.
- Select Upload file to upload your logo.
- Select Save.
# Add content to a group
- Before adding content, either Add an event content group or select an existing group to Edit groups and content
- Select Add content.
- Enter a name for the content. Visit uses this to display the content in the UI.
- Select the content Type. Depending on the type, you have the option to upload assets or enter text.
- Select Save to add the content and return to the company information page.
- Select Add content to add more content, or select ← Back to return to the content list.
# Edit groups and content
- Hover over the content group you want to edit.
- Select Edit.
- Change the content settings, or select Add content to add more content.
- Select Save.
# Bulk import and export partner logos and descriptions
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content > Partner content
You can import partner logos and descriptions from a spreadsheet, to bulk update partner digital content. The logo and description appear in the Visitor Portal when a visitor interacts with the partner.
- Select Import.
- Select Download to download a template.
- Add partner logos to the template. The template file contains detailed instructions.
- Select Upload file to upload your logo spreadsheet.
- Select Import to add the logos to Visit.
You can also export the same partner information:
- Select Export.
- Choose the export file type.
- Select Export. Visit prepares the file.
- When the file is ready, select Downloads, then select the file you want to download.
# Content QR codes
QR codes automatically appear in Visit and Visit Connect when the QR code feature is activated. Partners can download and print them from Visit Connect. To activate QR codes, your organisation must have the Visitor Portal module in its contract, and your Visit account manager must add the QR code license to the event. Contact your account manager for more information.
# Print content QR codes
You are able to print the QR codes of content with a connected Zebra printer. This is currently only supported in Chrome on macOS and Chrome on Windows 7 or higher.
On Windows a one time driver installation is required:
- Download the Zadig USB driver installation tool, you can get it here (opens new window)
- Plug in your Zebra printer
- Run the downloaded tool, no installation is required.
- Select the Zebra printer from the dropdown list (e.g. 'ZTC G420d'). If it's not available in the list, try selecting Options > List all devices
- Select WinUSB in the input field
- Select Install driver or Replace driver
- Make sure your Zebra printer is plugged in
- Select the content items you want to print
- Select Print QR codes
QR codes can be printed in different formats: small, large and large with help (this includes content details).
# Assign / unassign Touchpoints to content
Touchpoints can be assigned and unassigned to and from Digital Content in both Visit and EventBox.
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content > Event content / Partner content
- Select Design > Digital Content
- Select the content you wish to assign a Touchpoint to
- Plug a Touchpoint with compatible firmware (contact your client manager) to your computer and press connect
- Place the Touchpoint you wish to link to your content on the plugged Touchpoint and assign it.
Auto assign Touchpoints
For a faster assign process, click on the auto assign button. This will automatically select the next digital content on the list and the user can simply place a new Touchpoint on the plugged Touchpoint to get it assigned.
To unassign a Touchpoint, simply place a linked Touchpoint on the plugged Touchpoint and click on unassign.
It's possible to automatically print a label with a Zebra printer when you check print label
For information on adding the content to Touchpoints via EventBox, refer to Assign a touchpoint to an exhibitor.