How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming?: Keep a Dog Calm while Grooming
How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming
Grooming dogs is a task when you do it at home. Many dogs become anxious and do not stay still while you are grooming them. As the dogs don't stay calm, it also becomes a bit of a task for the owner to groom their little pet. There are several ways to make sure that your dog stays calm during the entire grooming session. The process of giving sedatives that calm your dog down is called Sedation.
Sedatives : Drugs available in the market for sedating your dog
When the dogs are sedated, it calms them down. A dog is in a tranquil state due to sedatives, and this can help during grooming session or whenever you are visiting the vet. Many dogs become restless and start moving during stressful conditions, and hence it becomes imperative to sedate them. Generally, drugs are given to the dogs that are known as sedatives which helps them to stay relaxed and calm.
How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming?
There are many options of sedative drugs available in the market that can be given to the dogs before the grooming sessions. However, it should be seen to it that the sedatives are provided as per the vet's prescription and advice. It is harmful to give your dogs sedatives if you do not have complete knowledge about it. It is also essential to know the quantity of the drug that should be provided for the desired result. All the guidelines should be followed when you are administering such sedatives to your dog.
The sedatives with a prescription should be given in the dosage as per the vet's guideline. The options for sedative drugs for dogs include options like diazepam, acepromazine, etc. Many dog owners have also found the little dosage of Benadryl too helpful for sedating their dogs. The sedatives can be given along with the food to your pet in the small dosages. The food with the sedatives can be given with special treat if your dog is not willing to eat it.
What are the other ways to sedate your dog?
There are other alternative ways to sedate your dogs without giving them the sedatives. As many people do not like to provide their dogs with tranquilizers following tricks also work to calm your furry friend down:
 - Most commonly practiced way to sedate your dog is to take your dog on a walk. Dogs when taken for a walk or any physical activity will get tired. You can also play games such as frisbee with your pet. Playing with them is a great way to make sure that they are not anxious while grooming them with the help of grooming scissors kit. So keeping your dog physically active before taking them to the vet or for a grooming session will help them in being calm during that time.
 - Another way to keep your dog relaxed is to give them their favorite toy or treat when you are grooming them. This will help in distracting your dog attention from grooming to playing with the toy or treat.
 - Dogs crave the most for their owner's touch. Continuously patting them also helps them to calm down. It also helps to calm down their anxiety and restlessness. This way your dog will stay close, and you will be easily able to make them stay stable while grooming them.
 - The last but the most effective method is to try the aromatherapy. There are many natural oils available that help in calming and soothing the animals as well as the dogs down. Such oils are good for the skin as well. One such oil that has soothing effects is Lavender oil. Some drops of lavender oil should be taken on your fingertips and massage it on the back of their head. Rubbing such soothing oils helps the dogs to relax and stay calm. You can also light an aroma candle while grooming your dogs to keep the atmosphere restful.
These all are the ways that are tried and tested to sedate the dogs. If you are giving sedatives make sure it is under vets supervision, also all the other alternative methods are easy to follow.
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Nintendo's 3D Can Be Switched Off (But What Does This Mean For Games?)
Seeking to allay fears over the possible health problems associated with playing games in 3D, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata has said that his company's upcoming 3DS handheld will have a "toggle", allowing users to switch between 2D and 3D.
From a legal standpoint, it's a solid decision. There are many people with conditions that mean playing in 3D is either painful or just doesn't work, so having the option of playing games in 2D gets around this problem easily.
But what does it mean for 3D games? If there's an "off" switch for the technology, does that mean the games won't make fundamental use of it, since they'll need to be designed to run in both 2D and 3D? That'd reduce the tech to a mere gimmick.
Or will it mean that some games will need to be marked "3D Only", meaning those who can't play in 3D (or don't want to) are straight out of luck?
It's a messy situation to find yourself in. Then again, when it comes to the transition to 3D entertainment, messy seems par for the course.
Nintendo to beef up piracy measures in 3-D machine [Forbes]


text:
Definitions of vivid
a. - True to the life; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; animated; spirited; bright; strong; intense; as, vivid colors. 2
a. - Forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; lively; sprightly; as, a vivid imagination. 2
The word "vivid" uses 5 letters: D I I V V.
No direct anagrams for vivid found in this word list.
Adding one letter to vivid does not form any other word in this word list.
Shorter words found within vivid:
List shorter words within vivid, sorted by length
All words formed from vivid by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vivid by next letter

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Publication analyzes the situation of Roma children in foster care with the emphasis on ethnicity, discrimination and violations of children's rights. It is focused on the process of removing children from their families, their placement in different types of institutional care and treatment of Roma children as a specific group of children in foster care. Findings are based on qualitative research in 10 localities with children homes in Slovakia. Interviews and focus groups with different actors were conducted in 2015. Analysis focuses on reasons for removing children from their families, attitudes towards Roma children in foster care, identity of Roma children, care they receive in foster care and possibilities of their return to their homes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Does anyone know of packages for displaying neuroscience schematics with tikz? For example, I would like to place a raster plot next to the diagram of a Markov process to help explain how Markov models could be used to simulate the firing of neurons.
I know that I could do this by including an image of neural activity in the tikz picture. But, I wondered if there was a solution that could only use tikz.
Below is the, admittedly, amateurish, version I made in PPT. The raster plot refers to the horizontal lines of ticks. Each tick is the same and marks where a neuron fired.
I know how to use the automata library in tikz to make the state diagram. I wondered if there was an easier way to draw many horizontal lines than the brute force approach with a for loop.
Sketch of slide combining raster plots and Markov chain
Sample neural data (times in ms that a neuron fired) for 50 ms:
 2,10,12,14,15,20,25,34,35,48, 49
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Can you please provide (a link to) an image of the kind of drawing you would like to do? – Gonzalo Medina Sep 22 '12 at 21:47
Could you provide some sample "neuron firing" data? Otherwise random numbers it is. The color represents intensity? (There are lines of different color: black, orange, red) – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 11:48
Random numbers are fine. Most simulations use a Poisson process with a rate of 10. I've edited to provide some example times though. There should only be one color-black. The rasters are pasted from another program into PPT and the coloring is an artifact when two black lines are really close together. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 11:58
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1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
For the neuron activity part:
%\pgfmathsetseed{42}% or some other number
\foreach \y [count=\c] in {-0.5,-1,...,-2.5}
 { \node[right] at (15.2,\y+0.1) {\scriptsize Subject \c};
 \foreach \x in {1,...,300}
 { \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\drawbool}{rand-0.7 > 0? 1 : 0}
 { \fill (\x/20,\y) rectangle (\x/20+0.05,\y+0.3);}
 \draw[-stealth] (0,0) -- (15.5,0);
 \node[right] at (15.5,0.2) {t in ms};
 \foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \v using int(20*\x)] in {0,...,15}
 { \draw (\x,-0.05) -- (\x,0.05) node[above] {\v};
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
That's beautiful. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:45
How would I position the state diagram and the raster plot in the same tikz picture? – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:46
Just take the state diagram commands and put them in a shifted scope: \begin{scope}[shift={(x,y)}] \end{scope} – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 12:49
_USER_ Musa: It's random numbers, so they are different after each compile. To make them stay constant, add \pgfmatsetseed{} before the first foreach. I added it in the answer. – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 21:53
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Currently Non Collectable Status ensures you not to be levied by the IRS or be scrutinized under the threatening letters or tax collection enforcement. You can be subject to this condition under the status 53, only if you are a taxpayer who cannot afford to pay taxes due to exceeding necessary expenditures in relation to the income being earned.
The IRS, however needs to be informed via a 'collection information statement' that proves that you, as a taxpayer have financial trouble and cannot afford to pay further taxes.
Tax Help MD helps all such taxpayers in preparing the financial statements with years of experience in this field. You no longer have to worry about the complications that could happen while filling the form with the required information.
When will you not be entitled to the Non Collectable Status?
For IRS to determine you as a regular taxpayer, here are the possibilities:
 - A raise in your income
The IRS keeps regular checks on tax -payers finances. If they notice any changes or raises in the income being earned they are likely to tax you in the future. First, they will have to prove that you longer have financial trouble.
 - The IRS follow-up checks:
From a period of 6-18month, the IRS makes follow-up visits and checks on your current uncollectable status. The IRS is known to mark such cases as future reviews. If they view any changes, they can change your uncollectable status to an ordinary tax-payer.
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Money plant 80cm with pot
Money plant 80cm with pot
 - Product Code: DIP745
 - Availability: In Stock
 - QAR 270.00
- OR -
Money plant 80cm with pot
Epipremnum aureum is the scientific name of this plant, but it is more popular as Money Plants. Money plant is considered as a lucky plant which brings wealth, health, happiness and positive vibes. which can be found in our household and also it is listed as one of the top 10 air-filtering plants as it kills the harmful toxins present in the atmosphere.
How To Care
Light: Money plants prefer good indirect moderate sunlight
Water: Money plants generally don't require much caring because they are already in the water. For initial days water should be changed when it gets turbidity. But after the plant settles, change the water once every week or two.
Fertilizer: Money plants do not need any sort of natural fertilizer to grow usually, they do make their food from air, water, and sunlight.
Temperature: Keep the plant in a cool place in summers and will not survive temperatures below zero.
Potting: Usually repotting can be done every 2-3 years in case of the money tree.
Pruning: Trim by cutting away dead unfresh leaves or overgrown branches of the money plant regularly if any.
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text:
Which trees in NZ are most (and least) flammable?
One of the most flammable is a famous native tree species, and it's not manuka.
Research has shown some of the most flammable plants found in the NZ countryside are gorse, eucalypts, and surprisingly to the scientists, rimu and silver beech.
That two widespread native trees were similar to highly flammable overseas species was news to those taking part in the joint Lincoln University and University of Auckland study.
Their work is the first experimental measurement of the flammability of a large number of plants found in NZ, and data gathered will be used to identify fire-prone ecosystems and the best plants to use as 'green' firebreaks to reduce the spread of destructive wildfires, likely to be more common as a result of climate change.
Existing lists of suitable non-flammable species in New Zealand are mostly based on expert opinion, says Auckland University Professor George Perry.
"Our results provide the first experimental evidence to support current guidelines on New Zealand plant flammability. This provides recommendations for councils and fire managers on which native New Zealand species to plant in green firebreaks to reduce fire spread."
The team – which included All Black Sam Whitelock, who was finishing his Bachelor of Science – placed shoots on a special 'plant barbeque' made out of a 44 gallon drum cut in half with a grill on top. They lit samples with a blowtorch and recorded how quickly they ignited, how hot they got, how long they burned for, and how much of the sample burned.
Future experiments will include a wider range of plants, and ultimately be conducted on plant communities in the field.
The scientists will also look at 'mixed grill' situations where a highly flammable species like gorse is interspersed with a low flammability tree such as Coprosma robusta (karamu) to see how fast or slow the combination burns.
(in descending order)
Gorse (Ulex europaeus)
Manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis)
Kumarahou (Pomaderris kumeraho), a type of native heath
Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii)
Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
Prickly hakea (Hakea sericea), an Australian shrub
Titoki (Alectryon excelsus)
Wheki (Dicksonia squarrosa)
Cabbage tree (Cordyline australis)
Bottlebrush (Callistemon rigidus)
Dragon leaf (Dracophyllum acerosum), a type of native heather
Maire (Nestegis lanceolate)
(in ascending order)
Five-finger (Pseudopanax arboreus)
Hangehange (Geniostoma ligustrifolium)
Kotukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata)
Mapou (Myrsine australis)
Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra)
Flax (Phormium tenax)
Karamu (Coprosma robusta)
Kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile)
Kowhai (Sophora microphylla)
Supplejack (Ripogonum scandens)


text:
Hot Air Balloon Explodes in Mid-Air Over Egypt, Killing 18
Twenty-one passengers were onboard at the time; the pilot and two other survivors were taken to the hospital. The explosion, probably caused by gas, occurred while the balloon was about 1,000 feet in the air.
Hot air balloon trips are a popular excursion for tourists in the region, giving them a chance at some breathtaking views of the surrounding desert and farmland. Also visible is the renowned Valley of the Kings, where many ancient pharaohs were entombed.
According to officials, among the dead are nine visitors from Hong Kong, four from Japan, three from Britain, two from France and one from Hungary. The survivors included two Britons and the Egyptian pilot.
All hot air balloon trips have been suspended for the time being in Luxor. In 1989, 13 people died when two balloons collided in Australia, which had been the deadliest balloon incident on record.


text:
I have been attempting to use RMarkdown rather than LaTeX to produce R examples. One issue that has slowed my conversion has been my struggles with how to reference figures and tables. The examples below illustrate how I have been using
captioner to solve this problem.
For a simple example, I load
FSAdata for the
kable (to produce an RMarkdown table). Additionally,
captioner is loaded.
captioner objects must be initialized for handling figures and tables. The
prefix= argument sets the common prefix for all items of a certain type. Below, I initialize a function for creating captoins for figures and tables. The result of this code is two functions – one called
figs that will hold a list of tags and captions for figures and another called
tbls that will hold the same for tables.
These functions can be used to create on object that holds a tag, caption, and number for figures or tables, respectively. Initially, these functions are called with two arguments – the figure or table tag and the figure or table caption. For example, the code below creates tag and caption combinations for two figures. I prefer to create all tags and captions in one chunk (and use
results='hide' to hide the immediate display of the information).
The same function may then be used to retrieve the function name with a number, the figure number with a prefix, or the figure number.
The results returned by this function are exploited, as shown in the next section, to solve the figure referencing problem.
figs function may be used to add a figure caption to a figure. For example, the chunk below is followed by an inline R chunk of Figure 1: Length frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992..
Figure 1: Length frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992.
In addition, use inline R code to refer to the figure. For example,
figs("LenFreq1",display="cite") inside an inline R call would produce a reference to Figure 1.
As more functions are added, the figure numbers are incremented such that inline R code may refer to Figure 2 and Figure 1.
Figure 2: Weight frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992.
Tables can be handled in the same way. For example, see Table 1, which is related to Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Table 2: Summary statistics of the length and weight of Ruffe captured in 1992.


text:
Tetrahedra Take Flight
Who knew that tetrahedra could fly? I know, pretty much anything can fly when you fill it with helium, but the movement of helium-filled tetrahedra called SmartInversion by Festo gives rise to an interesting and unusual propulsion method [source: gizmag]. Using inverse kinetics, Festo have developed what they call an "airborne geometrical band with inversion drive". The movement is difficult to describe but mesmerizing to watch:
Tetrahedra also play an important role in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), helping simulate air flow by providing the mesh around complicated geometry so a CFD solver can generate a solution.
It's good to see tetrahedra breaking out on their own from CFD in order to carve out a new niche in real world aerodynamics.
Recent blog posts
- Perfect Gifts for CFDers
- Intuition and Fluid Dynamics
- Turbulence Model Selection
- Double Diffusers and F-Ducts Explained
- Fluid Dynamics News: Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines and Fish Farming Sea Cages
- Symmetry for CFD to the Rescue
- Amazing 3D Maze Solved by CFD
- Amazing CFD
- In Search of The Remaining 20 in The Pareto 80-20 Rule
- Never Settle For Facets


text:
Background: Hypocholesterolemia is common among tuberculous patients and is associated with mortality in miliary cases. Some in vitro studies have shown that cholesterol is necessary for the good functioning of macrophages and lymphocytes.
Study objectives: To determine whether a cholesterol-rich diet could accelerate sputum sterilization in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Design: An 8-week follow-up, randomized, controlled trial carried out from March 2001 to January 2002.
Setting: A third-level hospital for respiratory diseases in Mexico City.
Patients and interventions: Adult patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were hospitalized for 8 weeks and randomly assigned to receive a cholesterol-rich diet (800 mg/d cholesterol [experimental group]) or a normal diet (250 mg/d cholesterol [control group]). All patients received the same four-drug antitubercular regimen (ie, isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol).
Measurements and results: Every week, a quantitative sputum culture and laboratory tests were done and respiratory symptoms were recorded. Patients in the experimental group (10 patients) and the control group (11 subjects) were HIV-negative and harbored Mycobacterium tuberculosis that was fully sensitive to antitubercular drugs. Sterilization of the sputum culture was achieved faster in the experimental group, as demonstrated either by the percentage of negative culture findings in week 2 (80%; control group, 9%; p = 0.0019) or by the Gehan-Breslow test for Kaplan-Meier curves (p = 0.0037). Likewise, the bacillary population decreased faster (p = 0.0002) in the experimental group. Respiratory symptoms improved in both groups, but sputum production decreased faster in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Laboratory test results did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: A cholesterol-rich diet accelerated the sterilization rate of sputum cultures in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, suggesting that cholesterol should be used as a complementary measure in antitubercular treatment.
It's been speculated, notably by Dr. Uve Ravnskov, a noted skeptic of the cholesterol hypothesis of heart disease, that cholesterol protects against infections. There are good mechanistic reasons for thinking so; this passage from the first link explains:
Cholesterol constitutes up to 30% of the total lipid content in the cell membrane, and participates in the fluidity of this structure.10Consequently, cholesterol is involved in the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and membrane functions such as phagocytosis and cell growth.11In this context, Drabowsky et al12demonstrated that cholesterol content in the cell membrane of human lymphocytes is important for their cytotoxic function. Heiniger and Marshall13found that cholesterol participates in the differentiation and proliferation cycles that convert lymphocytes into cytotoxic cells. Moreover, in a work published by Gatfield and Pieters14a clear derangement of the ability of the macrophage to phagocytase mycobacteria was observed when they were depleted of cholesterol.
In TB patients, low cholesterol is strongly associated with mortality. The above study looks as if it proves a causal connection: more cholesterol, better immunity.


Search TurboTax Support
Additional income real income
In order to make an accurate assessment of the effect of an income change on well-being, it is important to consider real income income in constant dollarswhich takes inflation into account, instead of nominal income income in current dollarswhich does not.
Adjusting nominal values to real values
Hence you are worse off this year relative to last year, even though your income has increased, because your real income has decreased. You are better worse off if the percentage increase in your nominal income is greater less than the percentage inflation rate because the percentage growth in your real income i. A fall in your nominal income does not necessarily imply that you are worse off as long as the percentage additional income real income in the price level is higher than the percentage decrease in your nominal income, because the percentage change in your real income is positive.
In summary, you are better off as a result of an increase or decrease in your nominal income provided that the percentage change in your real income is positive. If the inflation rate is positive, doubling nominal income this year over last additional income real income will less than double the corresponding real income.
The Redistribution of Income and Wealth 1. Unanticipated inflation, inflation that is not expected, will redistribute income and wealth.
If the inflation rate is zero, however, doubling nominal income also doubles the corresponding real income. Real income could be viewed in two equivalent ways.
12 Passive Income Ideas To Help You Make Money In | Bankrate
Real income is relevant in wage contract negotiations. An important goal of unions is to protect the real wages of their members.
To maintain the same real income, your nominal income has to be increased or indexed by Bitcoin strategy to earn percent, the same as the inflation rate i. The same principle is used to index pensions, welfare allowances, and other incomes in order to maintain desired real income levels. In general, if real income decreases by, say, 5 percent, nominal incomes must be increased by 5 percent in order to maintain the same real income as before.
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As noted above, adjusting nominal income to maintain some desired level of real income requires information about the inflation rate. However, practical difficulties arise in the measurement of inflation.
12 passive income ideas to help you make money in 2021
In practice, the inflation rate is computed from a price or cost-of-living index, a summary measure describing relative price changes between some reference base period and another current period.
For purposes of indexing wages, pensions, and so on, the inflation rates are commonly derived from a Consumer Price Index CPI. The economists M.
additional income real income how to really earn bitcoin 2020
McCracken and E. Ruddick provide a simple exposition of the nature and practical difficulties associated with CPI as an inflation measure.
If real wages aren't rising, how is household income going up?
The economic statistician Roy Allen describes some applications of price index numbers in the measurement and international comparisons of real incomes. Given the aforementioned connection among real income, prices, and purchasing power, the origin of the real income concept can be linked to that of price index numbers, which the economic statistician Wesley Mitchell traced as far back as the s.
The concept of real income is used in national income accounting to refer to real gross domestic product GDPthe real value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a specific time period.
In evaluating real GDP, the output for different years is evaluated using a common set of prices, thus eliminating the contamination of the value of actual output by inflation.
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 - Real Income |
 - If real wages aren't rising, how is household income going up?
 - Real income is how much money an individual or entity makes after accounting for inflation.
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The usage of real income to mean real GDP is commonplace in the literature on economic growth and the measurement of human well-being, among others. It is therefore not surprising that real income has been incorporated into several measures of human well-being developed by the United Nations Development Program UNDP in its annual issues of the Human Development Report.
Amartya Senwinner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, has raised some philosophical issues surrounding the appropriateness of real or nominal income as a measure of well-being. Sen argues that functional capabilities i.
Real Income
Such obstacles include illiteracy, poor health, lack of access to resources, and lack of civil or political freedom, among others. The link between real or nominal income and happiness has been the subject of empirical investigations by economists and sociologists.
additional income real income how to make money on webmoney
There is evidence that higher incomes may not necessarily translate to greater happiness. The economist Mathias Binswanger has reviewed several explanations for the failure of real income growth to increase happiness.
Index Numbers in Theory and Practice. London: Macmillan. Binswanger, Mathias.
additional income real income making money today
Searching for the Treadmill behind the Paradox of Happiness. Journal of Socio-Economics 35 2 : McCracken, M. Mitchell, Wesley C.
Real income
The Making and Using of Index Numbers. New York : Sentry. Sen, Amartya. Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam and New York : North-Holland.
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 5. Additional income can be earned through your employer with avenues like overtime, bonuses, back pay, and commission.
 6. The bizarre way economists calculate real income - Econlib
 7. Real Income Definition
 8. And yet until a few minutes ago I never realized just how confused we were which I guess means I was equally confused.
United Nations Development Program.


text:
Managing excipients for Quality-by-Design projects
In order to develop the enhanced understanding necessary to demonstrate an acceptable Design Space and Control Strategy required for Quality by Design (QbD) marketing applications, it will be necessary to incorporate the variability in potentially critical excipient parameters into the Design of Experiments (DoE). Methods are described that allow samples to be engineered such that potentially critical excipient parameters can be included in the DoE. However, it must be acknowledged that not all such excipient parameters will be amenable to sample engineering. The excipient manufacturer may be able to provide non-GMP samples which help define the necessary limits for the formulation. The nature of QbD as it relates to excipients is such that communication under a confidentiality agreement between excipient users and excipient makers will be necessary. The necessity for good communication between the excipient user and manufacturer is also emphasized.
According to ICH Q8 (1) Quality by Design (QbD) is "A systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management." In short, QbD requires enhanced understanding of how critical materials attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the pharmaceutical finished product. In exchange for demonstrating this enhanced understanding, the pharmaceutical manufacturer may obtain some regulatory relief post-launch. QbD has changed the excipient and pharmaceutical formulation design and development fields irrevocably.
Excipients are essential components of a


text:
Tehničko-tehnološki tehničari/tehničko-tehnološke tehničarke d. n.
This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 311: Physical and Engineering Science Technicians. For instance, the unit group includes those who assist scientists and engineers engaged in developing procedures or conducting research on safety, biomedical, environmental or industrial and production engineering.
In such cases tasks would include -
(a) collecting data and providing technical assistance regarding: efficient, safe and economic utilization of personnel, material and equipment; methods of work and sequence of operations and supervision of their implementation; and efficient layout of plant or establishment;
(b) aiding in the identification of potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and devices;
(c) modifying and testing equipment and devices used in the prevention, control and remediation of environmental pollution, in site remediation and land reclamation;
(d) assisting in the development of environmental pollution remediation devices under the direction of an engineer;
(e) assisting engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.
Examples of the occupations classified here:
- Engineering technician (production)
- Fire investigator
- Forensic science technician
- Quantity surveying technician
- Robotics technician
- Time and motion study technician
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
- Production engineer - 2141
- Time and motion study engineer - 2141
- Quantity surveyor - 2149
- Aeronautics engineering technician - 3115


text:
A media type is a way to describe the format of a media stream. In Media Foundation, media types are represented by the IMFMediaType interface. Applications use media types to discover the format of a media file or media stream. Objects in the Media Foundation pipeline use media types to negotiate the formats they will deliver or receive.
This section contains the following topics.
|About Media Types||General overview of media types in Media Foundation.|
|Media Type GUIDs||Lists the defined GUIDs for major types and subtypes.|
|Audio Media Types||How to create media types for audio formats.|
|Video Media Types||How to create media types for video formats.|
|Complete and Partial Media Types||Describes the difference between complete media types and partial media types.|
|Media Type Conversions||How to convert between Media Foundation media types and older format structures.|
|Media Type Helper Functions||A list of functions that manipulate or get information from a media type.|
|Media Type Debugging Code||Example code that shows how to view a media type while debugging.|
Build date: 11/28/2012


If I Can Sing a Song about Ligatures 2009, Digital Video
w/ Nada Gordon (part of FOREIGN FILM SERIES)
Third in the series of Foreign Films exploring relations of text and image, how text turns the image. In (If I Can Sing A Song About) Ligatures, words taken from lines of Nada Gordon's unrequited love poems, whose sentences are taken, in their turn, from anonymous web poems, reveal a history of sexuality. Ligatures pronounces the poignancy of desire; its power and its vulnerability. The women are visions, girls, desirous, delicate, illusory. The illusionary nature is made manifest-transversing boundaries, expectations and physical limits-by the close. We in the audience, creating our own identities in the moments, remain trans-fixed.
Premiered at the New York Film Festival
Distribution: Abigail Child


What is Tactel Fabric
Produced by Invista, the maker of Lycra, TACTEL is a nylon 66 microfiber that dries eight times faster than cotton. It's also at least twice as soft and 20% lighter than most fabrics. The suppleness and softness of TACTEL help minimize chafing. Two other important aspects of TACTEL are its breathability and noticeable strength.
As with other nylon fibers, TACTEL is hygroscopic. It absorbs moisture out of the air or out of its surrounding (such as our skin). The higher the humidity, the faster nylon will absorb moisture, until it becomes saturated. When exposed to dryer air, the moisture will evaporate and the fiber will dry out.
All these traits make TACTEL an ideal microfiber to use in activewear. The raised outer surface of the item creates a unique sensation. The leggings (in all lengths) also have an inner lining whose color matches the outer shell, so you can move with more freedom.


text:
Reducing Index Maintenance Costs with Join.
The previous post introduced the reasons why we want blazingly fast join functionality in Lucene: reduction of index maintenance costs.
This post details how we improved the speed of Lucene's Query-Time Join a thousandfold. We achieved this by looking at usage patterns instead of looking at the technology. Lucene's default Join is a truly Lucene way of performing Joins between arbitrary terms in arbitrary fields in two indexes. Our Join more or less turns a Lucene index into a relational table and provides Join functionality as you would expect from a relational database. That might sound restrictive to Lucene-adepts, but it offers unprecedented possibilities.
Keys, keys, keys
Lucene joins indexes based on terms. Our first observation is that these terms in fact play the role of keys. In database-lingo you would call them primary or foreign keys. Nowadays, most people use either UUIDs or URIs to identify things, but these are hard to deal with: they occupy much space, are expensive to compare and do not compress well. Data management software internally always translates long, text based identifiers to small integers. (As a matter of fact, Lucene also uses them and calls them docid and ord.) Our Join implementation is based on such small monotonically increasing numbers and we call them keys.
The second observation is that lucene supports join on fields that contain multiple values for one document. But key cells in databases always contain exactly one value for each row. If you need multiple values, you'd create a separate table containing multiple entries containing the same (foreign) key and then… join it. Since join is a database concept after all, we might want to consider to be consequent and use single valued fields exclusively. If we need multiple values, we'll create a separate index and then… join it! So in our Join implementation, every document in a Lucene index gets one and only one (non-unique though) key. This is not restricting you as long as you are prepared to adapt your data model. Read on.
The performance gain of using small integers over strings is tremendous. Small integers use significantly less memory and can be fetched, stored and compared with a single machine instruction. Having only single values (one key) per field per document means they can be organized efficiently in one-dimensional arrays or bitsets. Much research in the domain of Information Retrieval deals with fast storage and intersection of these arrays and bitsets, and much of the research results are available in Lucene! It works marvelous with our keys.
Translate Identifiers to Single Valued Keys
So how do we go about translating string identifiers to numeric keys? The implementation of this is downright easy in Lucene if you use the new Taxonomy functionality. The taxonomy is a proper dictionary, mapping every term onto a small number: the key. Lucene can store this key very efficiently using the relatively new NumericDocValuesField feature. During indexing, we use it like this to store a key in field key (pseudo-code):
TaxonomyWriter keysDict = new DirectoryTaxonomyWriter(...);
Document doc = new Document();
long key = keyDict.addCategory(new CategoryPath());
doc.add(new NumericDocValuesField("key", key));
It is essential that one uses the same TaxonomyWriter for every index so that identifiers in all indexes get mapped onto the same keys.
(A completely different way of creating keys is using another database's key generation mechanism. Virtuoso for example exposes its IRI_TO_ID and ID_TO_IRI functions. Using these to obtain keys gives the opportunity to Join between Lucene and Virtuoso. Expect a blog about that!)
Create Single Valued Keys
The problem of having single valued keys may require changes to the data model. In our case we had the denormalized form in one index:
id: title:"The Hobbit" location:,,...
We split this into two indexes:
id: title:"The Hobbit"
Now we have two or more indexes in which the terms we wish to use for joining are replaced by keys. We can now join these indexes during queries by specifying which fields to use for joining. To keep things simple, we assume that one index A simply filters the results from another index B. In practise things are (much) more complicated; too complicated for a blog.
For join to really work well, we will need a query language that supports join. The query language built into Lucene offers no support for this, but luckily we can do without. There is another language that does support joins and that is the language consisting of Java classes centered around Query, Filter and Collector.
Collecting Terms… eh Keys
The first step is to collect the keys for the terms we want to match between indexes. This step is straight forward (if you leave out caching and all the devious Java markup, it is just two lines of useful code.). We created a Collector that for each hit, looks up the key and stores it into a bitset. It needs to know the name of the field containing the key. Use it as follows:
KeyCollector keyCollector = new KeyCollector("key");
Filtering Terms… eh Keys
The second step is to ask the KeyCollector for a KeyFilter to be used in another index. The filter is also not too complicated if you leave out caching and Java markup. It needs to know the name of the field containing the key. Use it as follows:
KeyFilter keyFilter = keyCollector.getFilter("otherKey");
TopDocs results = indexSearcher_B.search(, keyFilter);
Done. Now the results in index B are filtered based on a query on index A. And it is fast, blazingly fast, thanks to Lucene's excellent DocValues and Collector APIs.
But it needs to be faster, even more
Although this duo of KeyCollector and KeyFilter improve the speed of Lucene's built-in Join with a factor 50 or so, it is not fast enough. It would get the raw processing time for our 8-second query down to 160 ms, but that is still too much. You'll need to add all kinds of post-processing to this 160 ms and then you'll end up way to close to 1s. Any raw processing time not substantially under 100 ms makes me personally very nervous. It would require many machines to deal with the loads we have.
With caching, we can get the processing times down by a factor 20, leaving a mere 8 ms. That yields a total 1000-fold speedup compared to where we started.
How that is achieved might be the subject of the next blog. But you might peek at Meresco's Lucene code at GitHub.
By making some observations about the nature of joins and by making a firm decision to follow the relational interpretation of join and by assuming that anything is still possible by adapting your data model, we managed to speed up joins 1000-fold.
The result is completely orthogonal to other Lucene functionality such as faceting, sorting, scoring, filtering, etc. All intermediate steps and results are in the hands of the programmer.
The results are about to go in production (March) on a Dutch national library search engine, joining 12.000.000+ titles with 25.000.000+ holdings. The contribution of join to the query response times are deep down on the list of bottlenecks: a few ms.


What is the World of Darkness and Vampire: the Requiem?
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Vampire: the Requiem is a game written by White Wolf in the "World of Darkness" game-line. The World of Darkness is a world not completely unlike our own, but darker; crime is more prevalent, corruption runs deep, homelessness and poverty are enhanced. In this world, monsters are real - monsters like vampires. In a Vampire: the Requiem game, players take the role of these creatures, monsters who are almost, but not quite, human. Players explore what it is like for their character to deal with their condition, whether they embrace it or fight to keep what is left of their humanity. In addition to the personal horror of night-to-night existence, the vampires of the World of Darkness organize in neo-feudal courts. The drama and political infighting that arises from that interaction - fighting over feeding rights, or in defense of the city's vampire laws - makes up a great portion of the appeal of a Vampire game. What is a LARP? A LARP or "Live Action Roleplaying" game is like any other... more
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Awning Care and Maintenance
Awning Aftercare
Look after your Awnings by following the straightforward operating and cleaning instructions below:
Please follow these awning care and maintenance instructions to keep your new awning in good working order.
 1. Retractable awnings should be rolled up if high winds or storms are anticipated and under no circumstances should water be allowed to pool on the awning. Folding arm awnings are designed to be used as a sun shelter in calm conditions.
 2. No other objects should be attached to, or hung from the awning as damage may occur.
 3. The powder coated metal components and profiles of your awning should be cleaned twice annually or more regularly in coastal environments. Wash in tepid mild soapy water (preferably biodegradable) and rinse off. Build up of dirt and salt on these surfaces reduces the life of the powder coating.
 4. Lubricate moving components annually with light oil (SAE30 or similar) and apply sparingly. Avoid getting it on the fabric of the awning as it may stain.
 5. Roll up only when clean and dry (if rolled up wet e.g. due to approaching storm, the awning should be extended and allowed to dry in the sun at the first opportunity).
 6. To remove dirt from the fabric, brush dry fabric with a soft brush (an occasional hosing may remove dust and some ingrained dirt).
 7. Never scrub the fabric.
 8. Immediately remove deposits of organic matter (such as soil, grass cuttings, leaf litter, bird droppings, vehicle exhaust), some leaf species can cause stains if wet, remove leaves before rolling up awning.
 9. Remove any mildew, as it appears, by first brushing, treating with diluted chlorine bleach (typically 1part White King to 4 parts water to achieve 1% available chlorine) and allowing it to dry in full sun, then hose off well to remove any residue. Do not use strong bleaches such as pool chlorine.
 10. Do not use soaps, detergents, solvents or other liquid cleansers on the fabric.
 1. Scotchguard brand Fabric Protector or approved wax based canvas treatments containing mildew inhibitors may be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
 2. If your awning has a wind sensor, check at least twice a year to ensure the sensor paddle can rotate freely and is not encumbered by spider webs or vegetation etc. Electronic controls such as wind sensors are a valuable safeguard but will not guarantee protection in all circumstances.
NCR Pty Ltd warrants, that at the company's discretion, where a defect in a product is due to misuse, abuse or environmental shall not be covered under a warranty period.
It is a condition of this warranty that the products found to be faulty have not been misused or wilfully damaged and shall not have been worked on or tampered with by any person not authorised by the company to do so. It is also a condition that the care and maintenance advice for the product has been adhered to.
All warranties offered herein are non transferable and only apply where the goods have been paid for in full. Proof of purchase will be required.


Polar plot of a sine function with factor in argument
The sine function is a well known periodic function. Choose an argument factor, which doesn't divide the period well, and you can see a complicated path around the origin.
This plot was originally made for my blog post on TikZ.de: _URL_
See also the other polar sine plot examples there.
Polar plot of a sine function
Edit and compile if you like:
 domain = -14400:14400,
 samples = 3000,
 hide axis
 \addplot[no markers, mesh, opacity=0.5] {1-sin(40*x/39};
Click to download: sine-plot.texsine-plot.pdf


text:
Flameproof lighting supplier Azolite, now a division of industrial plugs manufacturer Powermite, has manufactured a new flameproof light-emitting diode (LED) light for use in underground mining to improve safety and efficiency. Previously, fluorescent lights were most commonly used in mining operations for work area and road/walkway illumination.
"Fluorescents are extremely sensitive glass tubes. The necessary care not to break the tubes during transport and installation is a huge challenge in arduous mining conditions. In addition, the environmental impact associated in the disposal of fluorescent products necessitates disciplined practices and procedures to be followed," says Azolite MD Donovan Marks.
Maintenance activities, which may involve climbing ladders and working in awkward positions, require mineworkers to walk in areas where light maintenance is needed, as they can be at risk of slipping, tripping or being exposed to broken glass if a light has been damaged.
"When designing the LED light, we focused on the safety of our customers on site, as well as improving the total cost of ownership by providing an improved operating life cycle.
"Consideration of the unstable conditions of underground mining prompted us to develop a plastic housing around the light that will not break, should it be flung or fall on the ground," he explains.
Research on the potential impact of LED lights, with regard to the reduction of mining injuries during operation and the maintenance of lighting systems, published by the US National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH), reports that 140 relevant mining accident records were found between 2002 and 2006 in the US.
NIOSH says the incidents resulted in 3 668 working days being lost, with an additional 925 days of restricted activity on the mines.
About 74 accidents occurred during lighting maintenance when workers were changing bulbs at the mines. Although 37% of the maintenance accidents resulted in nonfatal days-lost injuries, the days away from work averaged 78.4 per injury.
There were five cases where employees received cuts when the bulb broke in their hands while it was being removed, says the NIOSH report authored by Michael Yenchek and John Samarco.
"The role LED technology plays in these accidents is to reduce the need for maintenance and exposure to maintenance-related hazards," says Marks.
Azolite reports that the application of LED lights in the mining industry could also be beneficial to plants that are highly dependant on electricity as a power source because these lights consume significantly less energy.
"As a result, the operating costs of a plant and its environmental footprint are reduced," says Azolite sales and marketing manager Rikus Prinsloo.
Marks mentions that the LED light is simultaneously undergoing testing by the South African Bureau of Standards and trials being conducted by some of the mining houses operating in the country.
"Because the needs of mines differ, the product must be versatile, which is why its introduction onto the market is being delayed."
Other Innovative Products
Proof Engineering, also a division of Powermite, has manufactured plugs and socket products from a new zinc alloy material, developed in-house, to expand its flameproof range.
Prinsloo says the zinc alloy was developed as an alternative to brass, owing to the high incidence of brass theft. In addition to reducing and eliminating coupler theft, other consequential benefits include:
- Improved safety – unlike brass that will deform (or even form hairline cracks) under abusive use, the South African Future Value (ZAFV) material would rather break
- Improved production availability
- Reduced labour costs (resulting from unplanned replacement activities)
- Reduced unscheduled or unplanned downtime
- Reduced operating costs
- An opportunity to manage couplers from 'cradle to grave' as the material contaminates scrap metal salvage operations
"Our research and development has recommended the ZAFV material, as it is not targeted by thieves who supply scrap yards or unscrupulous resellers and repairers. In addition, the third generation of the ZAFV material is already in an advanced development phase," adds Marks.


text:
Sinking lake levels have exposed some of Hill County's hidden secrets.
Fossils and Native American tools from eight thousand years ago are easy to find at Lake Whitney, and looters are taking advantage.
They used to be buried in underwater caverns, but the drought has evaporated that protection.
"The looter and scavenger comes and digs up the site," said U.S. Army Corps Engineer Brad Demsey. "They just destroy all that and leave it to the side."
Even in remote parts of Lake Whitney that were once buried under concrete for security, scavengers unearth and discard valuable history.
There are fossils and Native American tools from prehistoric times.
Texas and federal laws ban the removal of Native American artifacts from archaeological sites, but burial grounds have been disturbed.
It has been decades since the lake has been this low. Demsey said it has been 20 years since anyone has seen the caverns.
Authorities patrol Lake Whitney and have made 30 arrests. Violators were put on probation and fined thousands of dollars.
But, state and federal agents fear the only the thing that can truly protect the historic artifacts is enough rain to end a historic drought.


text:
June 21 – National Peaches and Cream Day
Posted on June 21, 2012
National Peaches and Cream Day
Five Food Finds about Peaches
- Did you know? Peaches were once known as Persian apples.
- "You're a real peach" originated from the tradition of giving a peach to the friend you liked.
- Peaches were mentioned as early as 79 A.D. in literature.
- Most peaches are cultivated by grafting different combinations of rootstocks to scions.
- There are over 700 varieties of peaches-some Chinese varieties are even flat like hockey pucks!
Today's Food History
on this day in…
1834 Cyrus McCormick received a patent for the first practical mechanical reaper.
1893 The first Ferris Wheel opened at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Invented by George Washington Ferris, it had 36 cars and carried 60 passengers 264 feet high.
1933 A barge loaded with grain arrived in New Orleans to complete the first Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico barge trip.


text:
The gemara in Menachot (32b) states that there is a Halakha Le-Moshe Mi-Sinai requiring sirtut for a mezuza, but not for tefilin. In general, sirtut refers to lines or grooves that are etched into the parchment to facilitate the straight and un-crooked writing of the mezuza. However, several halakhot indicate that the practice of sirtut may constitute more than simply a technical device to assist neat writing.
Chief among these indications is a gemara in Gittin (6b)that requires sirtut for 3 or 4 words from Tanakh that are written in ANY context. Why does the gemara in Menachot (32b) attribute the sirtut requirement for mezuza to Halakha Le-Moshe Mi-Sinai,while the gemara in Gittin assumes it applies to any 3-4 words of Tanakh? How could Tefillin NOT require sirtut if ANY 3-4 words require sirtut? Finally, the gemara in Megilla derives sirtut for Megillat Esther from a comparison to Mezuza (some claim a comparison to a sefer Torah). Why does the gemara introduce an external comparison to derive sirtut for Megilla when ANY 3-4 words require sirtut according to the gemara in Gittin?
Evidently, the gemara in Gittin deduces a BASIC requirement of sirtut for ANY 3-4 words to ensure neat penmanship. As Rabbeinu Tam comments, for this purpose, a one line groove at the top of the page is sufficient. Some disagree and require lines along the two vertical margins, and some even demand an additional boundary toward the bottom of the page; regardless, neat writing can be assured with basic boundaries. This basic sirtut does not require a source. However, the more comprehensive sirtut – engraving EACH AND EVERY LINE of a mezuza, Megillat Esther, and possibly a sefer Torah – is more than just a technical manner of improving writing and requires sources and gezeira shaveh. What is the function of this comprehensive "every-line" sirtut?
One approach suggests that sirtut may be necessary to upgrade the text from a fragment of text to a sefer (book). The gemara in Megilla notes that Megillat Esther possesses a hybrid identity. It is referred to as a "sefer," a formal book (Megillat Esther 9:32), and is also designated as an iggeret, a letter (9:29). The gemara concludes that certain parts of the Megilla's construction should be formalized like a book, while others can remain informal like a letter. The Ramban comments that ONE aspect that formalizes the Megilla as a sefer is the line-by-line sirtut. In other words, according to the Rambam, the linear sirtut converts the text from a document into a book.
Similar sentiments stem from a comment of Rashi in Sota (17b), which similarly disqualifies a sota text written without sirtut because it fails the "sefer" test. When describing the ceremony of writing and then erasing a sota text, the Torah employs the same term of "sefer" (Bamidbar 5:23). According to Rashi, this formalizes the text of sota, and ONE requirement of this formalization is the line-by-line sirtut.
This may also explain the absence of sirtut from two objects that would logically require sirtut. First, several Rishonim (chief among them Tosafot) maintain that a sefer Torah does not require line-by-line sirtut, although it obviously requires the outline sirtut, similar to any 3-4 words of Tanakh. One way of assessing this riddle is to assume that sirtut upgrades a text into a sefer. In order to formalize fragments of Torah into actual books, line-by-line sirtut is required. Such is the case with mezuza, sota texts, and Megillat Esther. A complete Sefer Torah, however, is the PARAGDIM of a sefer and does not require the sirtut upgrade to confer that status.
The exception of tefillin may be similarly understood. The aforementioned gemara in Menachot attributes the difference between mezuza, which requires a sirtut, to tefillin, which does not, to a Halakha Le-Moshe Mi-Sinai. It is possible that a mezuza requires the halakhic status of a "sefer" and that status must be finalized through sirtut. Tefillin texts – as they are encased in housing and covered, are not considered a sefer, but rather text fragments incorporated into something larger. Absent this status of sefer, they do not require sirtut. This, in fact, may be the opinion of the Rambam, who asserts that tefillin do not require sirtut because the parasha texts are concealed, "mechupin" (Hilkhot Tefillin 1:12). He may have been referring to the fact that the enclosing of these texts within boxes of tefillin eliminates their status as sefer and thereby exempts them from sirtut.
A different approach to line-by-line sirtut may emerge from an interesting comment of one of the Geonim. Several later Rishonim cite the earlier Gaon Rabbenu Matatya, who claimed that while engraving the sirtut, the author must have intentions to convey requisite kedusha to the page, kavana li-shma. Although the Tur rules against this position, it highlights an interesting option – perhaps the line-by-line sirtut is part of the formal writing process of the mezuza and certain select documents. The process of writing these documents entails not merely applying texts but rather carving or outlining margins and adding text. Just as the actual writing must be performed li-shma, with proper intentions, to instill kedusha, the sirtut must be performed li-shma as well, since it is PART of that writing process. Text within discernible boundaries is superior text and certain halakhic texts require this higher form of writing.
This concept would also explain a very interesting query of R. Akiva Eiger (1:50) about adding sirtut AFTER the actual text has been written. Presumably, if the sirtut merely confers the independent "sefer" factor, it may be added AFTER the text has been applied. However, if the creation of line-by-line margins is PART of the halakhic act of writing certain texts, it may not be inserted AFTER the text has been written.
Finally, this view of sirtut may also explain the absence of this requirement for tefillin texts. As the Rambam notes, the tefillin texts are inserted into the houses of tefillin. Their ultimate kedusha only emerges at a later stage, well after the WRITING. In contrast, mezuza and sefer Torah receive their final kedusha from the act of writing the text. Hence, this act of writing must be a DELUXE act, which includes adding sirtut. Since the ultimate kedusha of tefillin is delayed until they are inserted into the houses, the act of writing can be accomplished without the added dimension of sirtut. In fact, the Rambam cites the sirtut rules in the same halakha (Tefillin 1:12) that he cites several other laws governing the act of writing. Thus, it appears as if sirtutwhen necessary – is an element of the act of writing.


Figure 4.
Reducing the level of hRev7 in human fibroblast cells renders them more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of a variety of different types of DNA damaging agents. Cell strains 2.5 and 3.2, which have significantly reduced hRev7 protein, (closed symbols) were compared to their parental strain and the vector control strain (open symbols) for their sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of (A) the DNA cross-linking agent cisplatin, (B) ionizing radiation (IR), and (C) the alkylating agent N-methyl-N-hydroxyurea (MNU). The lines represent the least squares regression for the data.
Neal et al. BMC Cell Biology 2010 11:97 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-97
Download authors' original image


text:
One of the major concepts to understand on the LSAT is the use of formal logic. Formal logic is found predominantly in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT, but it is also found in the Logical Reasoning section in inference questions and assumption questions.
Formal logic is founded on the understanding of necessary and sufficient assumptions. A necessary assumption is something that MUST be true, whereas a sufficient assumption is something that COULD be true. Formal logic is the use of rules to make deductions.
In the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT you want to diagram formal logic and necessary/sufficient problems. For If—then statements you want to diagram them as:
If A then B: A —–> B
The left side of the arrow (A) is the sufficient condition, and then right side of the arrow is the necessary condition (B). Thus, it is possible for A to happen (although it doesn't have to happen), but if A does happen then B MUST happen as well.
When you have a conditional statement you can also write the if—–then statement's contra-positive. A contra-positive is just a further deduction that can be made from a conditional statement. To do this you will negate both terms and then flip them to the other side of the arrow.
If A then B: ~B —-> ~A
1) If not X then Y: ~X —–> Y OR ~Y —–> X
2) if not S then not T: ~S —-> ~T OR T —-> S
Another common type of formal logic seen on the LSAT is the "only if" statement. For example, A only if B. Only if means that if A does happen then B must also happen. That means that:
A only if B can be rewritten as: if A then B: A—–> B
Once again the contra-positive would be ~B —-> ~A
Another common type of formal logic seen on the LSAT is the "if and only if" and "if but only if" statements. "If and only If" is a bi-conditional logical connective between statements. This means that the truth of one of these statements requires the reverse to also be true. For example:
A if but only if B can be written as: if A then B AND if B then A: A <—–> B
The contra-positive would be: ~A <—–> ~B
Also, the phrase "if and only if" means the same thing as "if but only if" in terms of formal logic and would be written the same way as the above example.
***"~" means NOT ***


September 13, 2012
Common Skin Allergies to Jewelry
If you notice that your earlobes are irritated or that there's a rash on your neck or wrist and you're not sure what the cause if it is, before you panic, try this: Spend a couple of days without any jewelry on and see if it clears up.
If so, you very well may have an allergic reaction to your earrings, necklace or bracelet---your jewelry.
While it is a common assumption that if that's the case, you simply have "cheap jewelry" on (and sometimes, it really is just a matter of not purchasing cheap costume items), it could actually be a bit of a deeper issue than that.
There are people who are allergic to gold, silver and even platinum just as much as the "cheap stuff".
So, how can you know if you fall into that category and what can you do if that's the case? Good question. We hope to be able to provide you with a few of those answers below:
What Is a Nickel Allergy?
It is basically the general consensus that when you develop an allergy from jewelry that it is mostly nickel-related. Even if you discover that you are sensitive to gold or silver, a lot of that kind of jewelry is still mixed with nickel, zinc and/or copper so that the jewelry can be formed and casted into particular designs.
While it is extremely rare that you would be allergic to zinc or copper, there are many people who do have an allergic reaction to nickel. Symptoms include itching, swelling, rashes, dry patches and even blistering.
What Should You Do If You Have a Nickel Allergy?
If you sense that you may have a jewelry allergy, what some people do is simply stop wearing the jewelry that causes them to have the reactions that they do. However, if you want a confirmation that this is the case, a dermatologist can perform a skin patch test.
If the test (one that usually requires 48 hours for confirmation) comes back positive, one thing to keep in mind is that your sensitivity to nickel is one that you will have throughout your entire life.
However, there are things that can be done to avoid having the symptoms in the future. If you're planning on having a body part pierced, make sure to specifically request that it be done with stainless steel tools and that stainless steel posts are used.
If you're out shopping for jewelry and you see something like a gold name necklace or some bangle bracelets that you've just got to have, make sure that they are made from hypoallergenic products like stainless steel, 14K gold, pure sterling silver or plastic.
Speaking of plastic, you can also getting a nickel allergy from your clothing, so also look for buttons, snaps and fasteners are made from plastic.
Oh, and if there is a certain kind of jewelry that you wear every day (like your wedding band) and it is made from nickel, don't worry, you can still keep it. Simply set an appointment with a jeweler to have it plated with a non-allergic metal.
(Guest Post by Carol)
Related Posts That You May Like:
 1. It is possible to develop allergies to metals
 2. Try wearing the jewelry just once a day and then take it off when you get back home
 3. Anonymous2:54 PM
 Generally speaking, most people are not allergic to pure gold; however, many people do have reactions to the metals mixed with gold when it's not solid (i.e. plated, 10k, 12k, 14k), and by solid, I don't really mean "solid", as you have to mix gold with another metal to make it strong enough to hold its shape.
 I actually know a few people whose skin has gotten very irritated or even turned slightly green around the piece of jewelry due to mixing copper or nickel into the gold.
 4. Hmm, I think nickel allergy is the most common. However, I do know someone who is allergic to gold. This is the reason why most if not all her jewelries are made up of sterling silver and platinum.
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Ижил хуваарьтай бутархай тоог харьцуулах нь
Video transcript
let's compare five six and five eighths let's think about what they mean five six means five out of six pieces if you have a whole let's say a whole cake and you cut it into six pieces five six is five of those six pieces five eighths again is five pieces that's something that's the same we're both talking about five pieces but this time we split our cake into eight pieces so it's five out of eight pieces we can represent that by drawing it maybe we can draw here's one whole and then another one so these are two equal holes and on one of them we can shade five six and the other five eight that way we can look and compare them so four five six if we divide this whole we were using the example of cake into six equal sized pieces not sure if those are perfect but let's say those are six equal sized pieces five six is talking about five of those pieces so one two three four five this image represents five six now four five eight let's think about it for a second well the piece is in five eighths be bigger or smaller than five six are eight bigger or smaller than six well we can draw and see if we have the same size hole which we need to have the same size hole and we draw and we split it into eight pieces this time so now we have fourths and eight these pieces these eighths one eighth is smaller than a six because this time we had to split the cake between eight people so we got smaller pieces now again we can shade five of them seems like five pieces might be equal to five pieces but we can look and see four five and now we can look and see the five six takes up more space takes up more area this is a larger amount and the reason is because each six each piece is larger so five larger pieces is more than five smaller pieces or is greater than and remember with our symbol the open side the larger side should be facing our larger number so five six is greater than five eighths here's one more but this time let's try to compare them without drawing let's just think about what these mean two fifths means two pieces out of five so one hole will split five ways and we got two of the pieces two thirds needs that same hole we'll split three ways and we got two of the pieces well which two pieces are larger the two thirds are larger because if we only have to split our pieces three ways we can have larger pieces so the two fifths are smaller these two smaller pieces are less these two smaller pieces are less than the two larger pieces and again the open end of our symbol should be facing the larger number so two fifths is less than two thirds


text:
Laser Surgery for Horses
Laser surgery provides the least painful and most accurate way to treat your horse's soft tissue problems. At the EMC, laser surgical procedures are routinely performed to correct laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring), dorsal displacement of the soft palate, epiglottic entrapment, and arytenoid chondritis, as well as skin tumors and eye diseases.
Many laser surgical procedures were pioneered at the EMC. Dr. Ken Sullins began performing laser surgery in 1987 and has developed innovative surgical procedures for treating horses with upper respiratory disorders and skin tumors.
Click on a thumbnail image to view a larger image.
The advantage of laser surgery
- Much more versatile than a scalpel, surgical lasers deliver light or heat to incise, coagulate, or vaporize tissue.
- Laser surgical sites bleed and swell less than conventional surgical wounds. The carbon dioxide laser creates a clean, bloodless incision and can also vaporize tissue masses.
- The carbon dioxide laser is controlled enough that corneal tumors can be vaporized from the surface of the eye.
- The Nd:YAG and diode lasers can be utilized with a video endoscope for upper airway surgery. These lasers are also used to relieve hock pain in horses with uncontrollable bone spavin.
- Surgical procedures performed with lasers can often be performed on standing horses on an outpatient basis. The horses leave with no external wound.
- Airway Surgery for Horses that Roar by Dr. Ken Sullins
- Effects of unilateral laser-assisted ventriculocordectomy in horses with laryngeal hemiplegia co-authored by Dr. Ken Sullins (PDF)
- Histological evaluation of the equine larynx after unilateral laser-assisted ventriculocordectomy co-authored by Dr. Ken Sullins (PDF)
- Elective Surgery for Horses by Dr. Nat White (PDF)


Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp
Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp? (Ideal Temperatures Explained)
Generally speaking, adult chickens are incredibly hardy and well-prepared to survive in sub-zero temperatures without the need for heat. Baby chicks, on the other hand, are fragile when born and usually require a heat lamp for the first few weeks.
Whether or not you'll need a heat lamp for your chicks depends on how consistently you can keep the temperature within the ideal range for them. It typically makes raising chicks a lot easier for those first few weeks in most cases.
Should You Use a Heat Lamp in a Chicken Coop?
If you browse Amazon you'll see all kinds of heat lamps and heaters designed for chicken coops to help keep your chooks nice and warm.
Personally, I've never known someone to use a heater in their coop. I've known people that have raised chickens in some pretty cold places, too, like Alaska and northern Canada.
Whenever the topic of heating a coop comes up within the backyard chicken community, there are always raised eyebrows due to the potential risks.
Assuming you're going to have the heater on overnight, there is always the risk of an electrical fault or something else causing a fire while you're sleeping.
I'm not suggesting any of these products are anything less than safe! I'm just repeating what I hear when I speak with other chicken owners.
Chickens (most breeds) are well equipped to deal with sub-zero temperatures. Their plumage traps air in between their feathers, and they will cozy up together when roosting to stay warm.
There is rarely the need to insulate a coop at all, let alone heat it.
The key things that you should always keep in mind in regards to keeping your chickens warm enough are moisture and wind chill. Those are the two things that will lower that core temperature to dangerous levels.
Coops need good ventilation to remove the ammonia and keep fresh air flowing through. But your chicken's roosting bar, nesting boxes, and some other areas should be free from wind blowing through.
If your chickens get wet during the day, you shouldn't leave them all soggy in a cold coop. Just think how you'd feel!
RelatedCan chickens really drown in the rain?
Do Chicks Need a Heat Lamp?
Chicks need to be kept warm when they first hatch. They don't have any feathers yet and aren't able to regulate their own temperature at a safe level.
In the wild, this would be mother hen's job. She will have sat on those eggs for around 21 days to hatch them and will continue to allow her baby chicks to bury themselves in her plumage to keep warm.
When hatching chicks at home, however, you'll use an incubator to mimic those 21 days. Incubators keep eggs within the optimal temperature range of 35 to 40.5°C (84.5 – 104.9°F).
When chicks hatch, they can be moved into a brooder. A brooder is essentially a safe place where baby chicks can be kept warm, fed, and looked after.
Most brooders either come with a lamp, or it's recommended you use one. This is because you need to keep the temperature between 35 to 37.8°C (95 – 100°F) for the first couple of weeks of baby chicks' lives.
You can then start to lower the temperature by 5 degrees a week for around 6 weeks until you've lowered the temperature to around 80-75 degrees.
By then, chicks are usually ready to survive the outdoors. It depends on how developed their feathers are and what the weather is like. Different breeds will be fully feathered at different ages, always act on the side of caution.
Here's an overview of the recommended temperature ranges to keep baby chicks at:
Age of Chick (weeks)Temperature (F)
So, the answer as to whether or not you need a heat lamp for chicks is whether or not you can keep them at or around those temperatures.
There are other ways you can provide warmth. I've heard of people using hot water bottles and keeping a brooder in a warm place and their chicks grew up just fine.
However, if you're new to raising chicks, using a heat lamp is by far the easiest way to ensure they're going to be kept nice and warm around the clock.
RelatedWondering if you can hatch supermarket eggs? Read this!
What Temperature Is Too Cold for Chickens?
This is also a tough question to answer with a one-size-fits-all answer, because, again it depends on what breed of chicken we're talking about.
Some chickens are much more equipped to deal with cold temperatures than others. As you can probably guess, generally speaking, bigger hens with a thicker plumage are considered more cold-weather hardy.
This would include breeds like the Brahma, Wyandotte, Sussex, and Cochin. All large, well-feathered birds with plenty of insulation.
You do have to be mindful of frostbite though. Chicken's combs, in particular, are prone to frostbite in extreme conditions. The first sign of frostbite is usually blackening at the tips of the comb.
On the other hand, small chickens like bantams, and some breeds like the Polish, Old Game Fowl, and Fayoumi are not cold weather chickens.
They are lacking the body mass and thick coats to deal with sub-zero temperatures!
RelatedRead more about chicks and what temperatures they need here.
In Summary
If you've been worried about your chickens freezing out there in the cold while you're tucked up all nice and warm in your bed, hopefully, I've reassured you that they'll be just fine.
Using heat lamps for baby chicks to ensure they're warm during their first few weeks it's important. After that, most chickens are fine to be outside in all temperatures and weather conditions and will do just fine.
As long as you're keeping all their basic needs met; adequate housing, plenty of food, and fresh drinking water, you'll be pleasantly surprised how hardy chickens are.
Image credits – Header photo by Sarah Halliday on Unsplash


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Upper respiratory infections are rare in healthy ferrets that are kept in a good environment and have limited to no contact with sickly animals. Ferrets that are most susceptible to infections include kits, older ferrets, ferrets with weakened or suppressed immune systems, and ferrets living in unhealthy conditions (dirty cage, too warm or too cold, etc.).
The signs of an upper respiratory infection include:
Nasal discharge - clear, yellow, or green
The color of the nasal discharge will probably give your veterinarian an idea of how severe the infection is, and whether or not it can be treated with antibiotics.
The decreased appetite is due to the congestion. Ferrets with upper respiratory infections cannot smell their food, and it's hard for them to swallow with blocked nostrils, so they eat less.
A respiratory infection can occur when a ferret is exposed to another person or animal with an infection. It can also develop when an animal lives in a dirty environment that is full of bacteria. Additionally, a respiratory infection can be a secondary infection to another disease such as canine distemper.
Most minor upper respiratory infections should clear up in a couple days, just as they would in humans, especially if the ferret is in otherwise good health. If you see signs of a respiratory infection that last longer than two days, schedule a veterinary appointment. Your ferret may need antibiotics or other medications.
There are a few things you can do to help your ferret be more comfortable while he is recovering from his respiratory infection.
Add water to his kibble, warm it in the microwave, and serve it as a warm mush to stimulate his appetite and make it easier for him to swallow.
Wipe excess discharge from around his nose with a tissue.
If the air in your house is dry, put a humidifier near your ferret's cage.
If he has lots of nasal discharge, put him in a small room with a vaporizer to loosen the mucous and help him to breathe easier.


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Now, you have the opportunity to explore an emerging technology through a new mobile 3D printing cart available to faculty and staff.
The 3D printing cart was created by and is managed by Lynn Klett, instructor in Engineering and Media Technologies, using a Mobile Fellows grant. Mobile Fellows provides grants to faculty and staff members to use mobile and emerging technologies to encourage student success.
"That type of teaching tool is invaluable," Klett says. "For someone who can't imagine what that space looks like, or who's trying to figure it out from looking at a two-dimensional drawing of an axis that's not two-dimensional, this can make all the difference in understanding a concept or not."
The portable cart comes equipped with a 3D printer called a "MakerBot" and with "3Doodlers," or 3D-printing pens. The pens allow users to draw in three-dimensional space by producing a plastic polymer rather than ink.
"I can't wait to see what art students can do with this technology when they can suddenly draw in three-dimensional space, or what Interior Design Technology students do when they can create 3D models rather than 2D renderings," Klett says. "That's what makes this technology so amazing: it's how we use it in all types of educational environments."
For more information about the 3D print cart, or to reserve its use, contact Klett at _EMAIL_.


text:
The Old Ursuline Convent
The Old Ursuline Convent is the oldest building in the Mississippi Valley. Constructed by French Colonial Engineers under the auspices of the crown, the convent was designed in 1745 and completed in _PHONE_. Over the centuries, this building has been a convent for the Ursuline nuns, a school, an archbishop's residence, the archdiocesan central office, and a meeting place for the Louisiana Legislature. Later it served as a residence for priests serving mainly the Italian community. and then housed the Archdiocesan Archives. Today, together with the St. Louis Cathedral, it forms the Catholic Cultural Heritage Center of the Archdiocese of New Orleans.
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if i have an integer a_variable = 1.1
how do i round it up to 2?
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The value 1.1 cannot be stored in an integer variable. Do you mean a Single or Double variable perhaps? – CesarGon Dec 15 '09 at 20:43
sure yes correct – IIIIIllllllllIlllllIIIIIIIIlll Dec 15 '09 at 20:47
2 Answers 2
up vote 17 down vote accepted
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Math.Floor(a_variable+1)... : ) – Nick Vaccaro Dec 15 '09 at 20:57
Assuming you mean a single/double, use math.ceiling to get the next highest whole number.
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Your Answer


Provided by: postgresql-client-8.4_8.4.4-2_i386 bug
 LOAD - load a shared library file
 LOAD 'filename
 This command loads a shared library file into the PostgreSQL server's
 nothing. Shared library files that contain C functions are
 automatically loaded whenever one of their functions is called.
 that modifies the server's behavior through ''hooks'' rather than
 providing a set of functions.
 in CREATE FUNCTION [create_function(7)]; in particular, one can rely on
 a search path and automatic addition of the system's standard shared
 library file name extension. See in the documentation for more
 information on this topic.
 Non-superusers can only apply LOAD to library files located in
 string. (It is the database administrator's responsibility to ensure
 that only ''safe'' libraries are installed there.)
 LOAD is a PostgreSQL extension.
 CREATE FUNCTION [create_function(7)]


text:
The long-term evolution of and transport processes in a self-sustained final cover on waste deposits
2001 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 271, no 03-jan, 145-168 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
A new principle for confinement of waste based on a self-sustained seal is presented. The top cover is considered to consist of two main layers; an organic carbon rich surface layer that is able to support vegetation and an inorganic layer beneath it. The function of the cover is to mitigate oxidation and acidification of landfilled waste and hence the release of toxic metals. It is suggested that forest soil formation and soil development could prove to be valuable information sources for the study of the long-term behaviour of a final cover on waste deposits. Since the cover is expected to develop in northern temperate climate the focus is on Spodosol soil. A number of simulations of the long-term behaviour of the final self-sustained landfill cover are made, including the rates of influx of oxygen into the cover. A cover having a large portion of organic matter compared with a cover with no organics can considerably decrease the oxygen concentration and thus the influx of oxygen into a landfill. The calculated oxygen intrusion rate for the former case is of the order of 0.05 kg m(-2) year(-1). Degradation of the organics produces acids. Our simulations indicate that the pH-buffering capacity of the mineral layer, represented by calcite and primary rock minerals, will last for many thousands of years.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2001. Vol. 271, no 03-jan, 145-168 p.
final top cover, solid waste, organic material, soil formation, litter fall, long-term, transport processes, oxygen, oxidation, heavy metal release, pH buffering, redox, modelling, root respiration, soil formation, forest soils, plantations
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-20578ISI: 000168401700012OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-20578DiVA: diva2:339274
QC 201005252010-08-102010-08-10Bibliographically approved


text:
VKTM, DBRM, and PSP0
Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide and Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about background processes specific to Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware
The process monitor (PMON) monitors the other background processes and performs process recovery when a server or dispatcher process terminates abnormally. PMON is responsible for cleaning up the database buffer cache and freeing resources that the client process was using. For example, PMON resets the status of the active transaction table, releases locks that are no longer required, and removes the process ID from the list of active processes.
PMON also registers information about the instance and dispatcher processes with the Oracle Net listener (see "The Oracle Net Listener"). When an instance starts, PMON polls the listener to determine whether it is running. If the listener is running, then PMON passes it relevant parameters. If it is not running, then PMON periodically attempts to contact it.
The system monitor process (SMON) is in charge of a variety of system-level cleanup duties. The duties assigned to SMON include:
Recovering terminated transactions that were skipped during instance recovery because of file-read or tablespace offline errors. SMON recovers the transactions when the tablespace or file is brought back online.
Cleaning up unused temporary segments. For example, Oracle Database allocates extents when creating an index. If the operation fails, then SMON cleans up the temporary space.
Coalescing contiguous free extents within dictionary-managed tablespaces.
SMON checks regularly to see whether it is needed. Other processes can call SMON if they detect a need for it.
The database writer process (DBWn) writes the contents of database buffers to data files. DBWn processes write modified buffers in the database buffer cache to disk (see "Database Buffer Cache").
Although one database writer process (DBW0) is adequate for most systems, you can configure additional processes—DBW1 through DBW9 and DBWa through DBWj—to improve write performance if your system modifies data heavily. These additional DBWn processes are not useful on uniprocessor systems.
The DBWn process writes dirty buffers to disk under the following conditions:
When a server process cannot find a clean reusable buffer after scanning a threshold number of buffers, it signals DBWn to write. DBWn writes dirty buffers to disk asynchronously if possible while performing other processing.
DBWn periodically writes buffers to advance the checkpoint, which is the position in the redo thread from which instance recovery begins (see "Overview of Checkpoints"). The log position of the checkpoint is determined by the oldest dirty buffer in the buffer cache.
In many cases the blocks that DBWn writes are scattered throughout the disk. Thus, the writes tend to be slower than the sequential writes performed by LGWR. DBWn performs multiblock writes when possible to improve efficiency. The number of blocks written in a multiblock write varies by operating system.
See Also:Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide for advice on configuring, monitoring, and tuning DBWn
The log writer process (LGWR) manages the redo log buffer. LGWR writes one contiguous portion of the buffer to the online redo log. By separating the tasks of modifying database buffers, performing scattered writes of dirty buffers to disk, and performing fast sequential writes of redo to disk, the database improves performance.
In the following circumstances, LGWR writes all redo entries that have been copied into the buffer since the last time it wrote:
A user commits a transaction (see "Committing Transactions").
An online redo log switch occurs.
Three seconds have passed since LGWR last wrote.
The redo log buffer is one-third full or contains 1 MB of buffered data.
DBWn must write modified buffers to disk.
Before DBWn can write a dirty buffer, redo records associated with changes to the buffer must be written to disk (the write-ahead protocol). If DBWn finds that some redo records have not been written, it signals LGWR to write the records to disk and waits for LGWR to complete before writing the data buffers to disk.
Oracle Database uses a fast commit mechanism to improve performance for committed transactions. When a user issues a
COMMIT statement, the transaction is assigned a system change number (SCN). LGWR puts a commit record in the redo log buffer and writes it to disk immediately, along with the commit SCN and transaction's redo entries.
The redo log buffer is circular. When LGWR writes redo entries from the redo log buffer to an online redo log file, server processes can copy new entries over the entries in the redo log buffer that have been written to disk. LGWR normally writes fast enough to ensure that space is always available in the buffer for new entries, even when access to the online redo log is heavy.
The atomic write of the redo entry containing the transaction's commit record is the single event that determines the transaction has committed. Oracle Database returns a success code to the committing transaction although the data buffers have not yet been written to disk. The corresponding changes to data blocks are deferred until it is efficient for DBWn to write them to the data files.
Note:LGWR can write redo log entries to disk before a transaction commits. The redo entries become permanent only if the transaction later commits.
When activity is high, LGWR can use group commits. For example, a user commits, causing LGWR to write the transaction's redo entries to disk. During this write other users commit. LGWR cannot write to disk to commit these transactions until its previous write completes. Upon completion, LGWR can write the list of redo entries of waiting transactions (not yet committed) in one operation. In this way, the database minimizes disk I/O and maximizes performance. If commits requests continue at a high rate, then every write by LGWR can contain multiple commit records.
LGWR writes synchronously to the active mirrored group of online redo log files. If a log file is inaccessible, then LGWR continues writing to other files in the group and writes an error to the LGWR trace file and the alert log. If all files in a group are damaged, or if the group is unavailable because it has not been archived, then LGWR cannot continue to function.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide for information about how to monitor and tune the performance of LGWR
The checkpoint process (CKPT) updates the control file and data file headers with checkpoint information and signals DBWn to write blocks to disk. Checkpoint information includes the checkpoint position, SCN, location in online redo log to begin recovery, and so on. As shown in Figure 15-4, CKPT does not write data blocks to data files or redo blocks to online redo log files.
See Also:"Overview of Checkpoints"
The manageability monitor process (MMON) performs many tasks related to the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR). For example, MMON writes when a metric violates its threshold value, taking snapshots, and capturing statistics value for recently modified SQL objects.
The manageability monitor lite process (MMNL) writes statistics from the Active Session History (ASH) buffer in the SGA to disk. MMNL writes to disk when the ASH buffer is full.
In a distributed database, the recoverer process (RECO) automatically resolves failures in distributed transactions. The RECO process of a node automatically connects to other databases involved in an in-doubt distributed transaction. When RECO reestablishes a connection between the databases, it automatically resolves all in-doubt transactions, removing from each database's pending transaction table any rows that correspond to the resolved transactions.
See Also:Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about transaction recovery in distributed systems
An optional background process is any background process not defined as mandatory. Most optional background processes are specific to tasks or features. For example, background processes that support Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) are only available when these features are enabled.
This section describes some common optional processes:
The archiver processes (ARCn) copy online redo log files to offline storage after a redo log switch occurs. These processes can also collect transaction redo data and transmit it to standby database destinations. ARCn processes exist only when the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving is enabled.
Oracle Database uses job queue processes to run user jobs, often in batch mode. A job is a user-defined task scheduled to run one or more times. For example, you can use a job queue to schedule a long-running update in the background. Given a start date and a time interval, the job queue processes attempt to run the job at the next occurrence of the interval.
Oracle Database manages job queue processes dynamically, thereby enabling job queue clients to use more job queue processes when required. The database releases resources used by the new processes when they are idle.
Dynamic job queue processes can run a large number of jobs concurrently at a given interval. The sequence of events is as follows:
The job coordinator process (CJQ0) is automatically started and stopped as needed by Oracle Scheduler (see "Oracle Scheduler"). The coordinator process periodically selects jobs that need to be run from the system
JOB$ table. New jobs selected are ordered by time.
The coordinator process dynamically spawns job queue slave processes (Jnnn) to run the jobs.
The job queue process runs one of the jobs that was selected by the CJQ0 process for execution. Each job queue process runs one job at a time to completion.
After the process finishes execution of a single job, it polls for more jobs. If no jobs are scheduled for execution, then it enters a sleep state, from which it wakes up at periodic intervals and polls for more jobs. If the process does not find any new jobs, then it terminates after a preset interval.


text:
Clue: Atmospheric region with a "hole"
We have 1 answer for the clue Atmospheric region with a "hole". See the results below.
- Covering with a hole in it
- Protection from ultraviolet rays
- Ultraviolet radiation blocker
- Holey protector
- Stratospheric stratum that protects the Earth from the Sun
- It's found all around the world
- Chlorofluorocarbons damage it
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - March 09, 2004
Found an answer for the clue Atmospheric region with a "hole" that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


text:
Payson students are not only doing well, but getting better by the year at reading and writing, according to the results of the 2007 Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) test.
Payson High School's 2007 AIMS scores show 76 percent of students meet or exceed minimum standards in writing.
AIMS results for mathematics show 61 percent meet or exceed minimum standards, and, in reading, 72 percent meet or exceed the minimum standards set by the AIMS test.
A comparison of AIMS scores for 2006 shows gains in both reading and writing, but a loss from 63 percent meeting or exceeding math requirements in 2006, to only 61 percent in 2007.
Roy Sandoval, principal of Payson High School, said he does not think AIMS scores are always a realistic representation of the situation.
"In Arizona, students begin taking the AIMS test to count towards graduation when they are in their sophomore year," he said.
"Those who pass, don't have to take it again, but those who don't pass as sophomores have to take it again as juniors, and if they don't pass in their junior year, they have to take it again as seniors. You also might have some special education kids in that group as well as new students to the school.
"What I think is a better indication of progress is when we have the opportunity to take a group of kids from grade eight and follow their progress through grade 10."
Arizona begins administering the AIMS test as early as the third grade and continues through grade eight.
In grades two and nine, students take what is called the TerraNova test, and do not take the AIMS test after grade eight, until they are sophomores in high school.
In 2005, Payson High School started an intervention program to boost AIMS math scores.
Students who failed to meet or exceed minimum standards were placed in a classes called Arizona Standards I or II in an attempt to bring up their math scores.
"Obviously we need to work a little more on our math scores," Sandoval said.