Mar 5, 2021
A Cephalopod Has Passed a Cognitive Test Designed For Human Children
A new test of cephalopod smarts has reinforced how important it is for us humans to not underestimate animal intelligence.
Cuttlefish have been put to a new version of the marshmallow test, and the results appear to demonstrate that there's more going on in their strange little brains than we knew.Their ability to learn and adapt, the researchers said, could have evolved to give cuttlefish an edge in the cutthroat eat-or-be-eaten marine world they live in.
The marshmallow test, or Stanford marshmallow experiment, is pretty straightforward. A child is placed in a room with a marshmallow. They are told if they can manage not to eat the marshmallow for 15 minutes, they'll get a second marshmallow, and be allowed to eat both.
This ability to delay gratification demonstrates cognitive abilities such as future planning, and it was originally conducted to study how human cognition develops; specifically, at what age a human is smart enough to delay gratification if it means a better outcome later.
Because it's so simple, it can be adjusted for animals. Obviously you can't tell an animal they'll get a better reward if they wait, but you can train them to understand that better food is coming if they don't eat the food in front of them straight away.
Some primates can delay gratification, along with dogs, albeit inconsistently. Corvids, too, have passed the marshmallow test.Last year, cuttlefish also passed a version of the marshmallow test. Scientists showed that common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) can refrain from eating a meal of crab meat in the morning once they have learnt dinner will be something they like much better - shrimp.
As a team of researchers led by behavioural ecologist Alexandra Schnell of the University of Cambridge point out in a new paper, however, in this case it's difficult to determine whether this change in foraging behaviour in response to prey availability was also being governed by an ability to exert self-control.
So they designed another test, for six common cuttlefish. The cuttlefish were placed in a special tank with two enclosed chambers that had transparent doors so the animals could see inside. In the chambers were snacks - a less-preferred piece of raw king prawn in one, and a much more enticing live grass shrimp in the other.
The doors also had symbols on them that the cuttlefish had been trained to recognise. A circle meant the door would open straight away. A triangle meant the door would open after a time interval between 10 and 130 seconds. And a square, used only in the control condition, meant the door stayed closed indefinitely.
In the test condition, the prawn was placed behind the open door, while the live shrimp was only accessible after a delay. If the cuttlefish went for the prawn, the shrimp was immediately removed.
Meanwhile, in the control group, the shrimp remained inaccessible behind the square-symbol door that wouldn't open.
The researchers found that all of the cuttlefish in the test condition decided to wait for their preferred food (the live shrimp), but didn't bother to do so in the control group, where they couldn't access it.
"Cuttlefish in the present study were all able to wait for the better reward and tolerated delays for up to 50-130 seconds, which is comparable to what we see in large-brained vertebrates such as chimpanzees, crows and parrots," Schnell said.
The other part of the experiment was to test how good the six cuttlefish were at learning. They were shown two different visual cues, a grey square and a white one. When they approached one, the other would be removed from the tank; if they made the "correct" choice, they would be rewarded with a snack.
Once they had learnt to associate a square with a reward, the researchers switched the cues, so that the other square now became the reward cue. Interestingly, the cuttlefish that learnt to adapt to this change the quickest were also the cuttlefish that were able to wait longer for the shrimp reward.
That seems like cuttlefish can exert self control, all right, but what's not clear is why. In species such as parrots, primates, and corvids, delayed gratification has been linked to factors such as tool use (because it requires planning ahead), food caching (for obvious reasons) and social competence (because prosocial behaviour - such as making sure everyone has food - benefits social species).
Cuttlefish, as far as we know, don't use tools or cache food, nor are they especially social. The researchers think this ability to delay gratification may instead have something to do with the way cuttlefish forage for their food.
"Cuttlefish spend most of their time camouflaging, sitting and waiting, punctuated by brief periods of foraging," Schnell said.
"They break camouflage when they forage, so they are exposed to every predator in the ocean that wants to eat them. We speculate that delayed gratification may have evolved as a byproduct of this, so the cuttlefish can optimise foraging by waiting to choose better quality food."
It's a fascinating example of how very different lifestyles in very different species can result in similar behaviours and cognitive abilities. Future research should, the team noted, try to determine if indeed cuttlefish are capable of planning for the future.
The team's research has been published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
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The Technical Details: Determining Delta Values
When we talk about the isotopic ratio in a sample, we talk about the delta value. Let's look at how a delta value is actually calculated:
- The first step in figuring out the δ13C for a sample is to find the ratio of 13C to 12C within the sample.
Next compare (by dividing) this ratio to the ratio of 13C to 12C in a standard.
- There is a specific standard, with a known, unchanging ratio of 13C to 12C that all laboratories use in their comparison. For the stable carbon isotopes, this standard is a limestone (called Pee Dee Belemnite—or PDB) from South Carolina. Although PDB is no longer run as the standard, other carbonates (with a known, unchanging 13C to 12C ratio) are used and compared on the PDB scale. The carbonate standard is reacted with an acid to create gaseous CO2, so that the sample and standard are both in the same phase.
- Often the sample and standard may have very similar ratios of the two stable isotopes, which will give you a value very close to (but not exactly) 1.
Two sample bellows are used so that the sample is compared to a standard
Many samples that actually have different ratios of 13C to 12C will give what seems like similar values (say, for example, 0.99 and 0.98). These samples do have different isotopic ratios, but this is hard to see when they only differ after the decimal point. To make this difference easier to see, 1 is subtracted from this value, and then this new calculation is multiplied by 1,000 to give the actual δ13C of the sample.
- This makes it much easier to see the difference between two samples. For the ratios of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta values are -10‰ and -20‰ respectively.
The equation for this is:
Making the Values More "Friendly"
Even when comparing samples with ratios of 13C to 12C of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta notation is much easier. Well, when we look at ratios that atmospheric scientists actually study, it becomes infinitely easier to compare using delta notation–in fact it would be too difficult without!
|Carbon Pool||13C||Actual ratio of 13C to 12C|
|Ocean & Atmosphere||-8‰||0.011142|
Why Go Through This Much Work?
This seems like an awful lot of calculations when you can just look at differences among samples in their 13C to 12C ratios and ignore all of the calculation steps. The reason that it is conventional to compare to a standard (and then continue on to the next steps in order to get a more 'friendly' value) is so that it is easier to compare results both among isotope laboratories and within a single laboratory over a long time period. It is impossible to have an isotope ratio mass spectrometer that perfectly finds the ratio of 13C to 12C in a sample.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometers measure relative isotopic ratios much better than actual ratios. By comparing to a standard, the precision of the data values are much, much better since all values are relative to a given standard. For example, if the ratio for both the sample and standard are overestimated (or underestimated) by the same relative amount, then dividing the two values will account for this, making it possible to compare δ13C among laboratories all across the world.
The formula for determining the Δ14C of a sample is similar to δ13C:
The difference is in the term FN[x], which is still a comparison of the sample to a standard. However, after this comparison, several other calculations occur to find FN[x].
- The ratio is corrected for "background" 14C counts, where atoms or molecules that were accidentally and incorrectly identified as 14C are no longer included.
- The ratio is additionally corrected for the small amount of radioactive decay between the time the sample was collected and the time it was measured, so that the Δ14C at the time of collection rather than the time of analysis is reported.
- The final difference is that Δ14C is normalized, where the effect of fractionation is removed. That is, we know from the 13C measurements that, for example, when carbon dioxide is photosynthesized by plants, it fractionates, resulting in proportionately less 13C in the plant. The same thing happens to 14C, so plants have proportionately less 14C than the atmosphere does. If we know how much 13C fractionation occurs, we can calculate precisely how much 14C fractionation there is. We then calculate how much 14C would have been in the sample if it had not fractionated. This is the Δ14C. Why go to all this trouble? The main reason is that for radiocarbon dating, scientists want to study how much 14C has decayed, not how much has fractionated, and this normalization allows them to do just that. The second reason is that it makes it easier to understand the 14C in the atmosphere – now when plants photosynthesize CO2, the Δ14C value in the atmosphere does not change. Of course, we can always reverse the calculations to discover the amount of 14C without applying this normalization, and this is written as δ14C.
For even more gory details, see: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This fits your.
- Make sure this fits by entering your model number.
- Type: the floating seat
- More funny for mother-child's swimming
- Come with easy to adjust sunshade swivel，and it can be removed when not to be used.
- Size:Outer ring :100 × 70 cm(when inflated) Leg hole diameter: about 11cm
- Soft material：environmental Environmental protection PVC, soft material, care of the baby tender skin.
Notice: « This is not a lifesaving device.
« This baby float can be only used in shallow water and should be under the supervision of adults.
« NEVER leave child unattended.
« Keep away from the fire or sharp objects.
Specifications: 1. Color: White
2. Material: Environmetal PVC;
3. Design for age of 6 Months - 3 Years Old;
4. Size: 100 * 70cm;
5. Baby can take the space of about 25 * 25CM,
6. The inner ring is about the size of an adult use 22CM.
7. PVC thickness: 0.3mm.
8. Package include:
9. 1 * Mother-child Swim Ring With Sunshade
Misula Inflatable Mother and Baby Swim Shade Float Circle Ring Kids Seat With Sun Canopy Sunshade two People Person Swimming Pool B073PC9KGL

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
AAA is an access control framework. The three As stand for Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
Authentication verifies the person's (or machine's) identity: that is, confirms that the entity seeking access is who or what it claims to be.
Authorization involves a set of rules that defines what the authenticated entity is able to do once access is granted.
Accounting produces a record of the resources used and the actions taken by the identity after access.


Le Seur, Minnesota
For many years, farmers and local residents near Le Seur, Minnesota have reported seeing a red light, that looks like a lantern, bobbing along the Omaha Railroad tracks south of the town. These sightings date back many years and have been connected to an unsubstantiated report of an old hermit who lived in a nearby cave. Does his ghost still haunt the area?
The area south of town was known as Old Brewery Hill for the brewery that was started there around 1875 by George Kienzli. He constructed a small building on the hill and beneath it dug two deep cellars into the earth. Large wooden casks were brought in to store the beer while it aged and to hold ice that would keep the earthen chambers cool in the summer. The beer that was brewed there was hauled to nearby towns and it was fairly successful for a number of years. Eventually, it was sold twice more and closed down. The buildings later burned down but it is said that visitors along the east side of Ottawa road can still see the remains of the cellars if they can find the right side of the hill.
While the brewery is long since gone, the story of a ghost in the vicinity remains. It was believed that a man lived in one of the brewery caves and people claimed to see him leave the cave, walking along and carrying a red lantern. It was said that if you tried to approach him, he and the lantern would disappear. Curiosity-seekers who explored the cave found some old clothes, a straw mattress, a shoe box.... and human bones.
Apparently, the hermit who lived in the cave had died long ago, but someone was seen leaving the place at night and walking along the railroad tracks! A brakeman aboard a passing train reported that one night, the train was forced to stop because of someone carrying a lantern along the tracks. When the brakeman got down from the train to removed the man from the path of the train, there was no one there. The engineer and several workers on the train all swore that they had seen a red lantern.
As time has passed the ghost of the old hermit still haunts the stretch of tracks near Old Brewery Hill, still waving his red lantern as he walks along and still vanishing if anyone gets too near. Why he haunts this place remains a mystery....
The small town of Le Seur, Minnesota is located in the south central part of the state, about fifty miles southwest of Minneapolis/ St. Paul. Old Brewery Hill is located south of town along the road to Ottawa. The hill is located on the east side of the highway.
Copyright 1998 by Troy Taylor
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Gears of War
Mark 1 Lancer Assault Rifle
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Mark 1 Lancer Assault Rifle
Production information
Coalition of Ordered Governments
Mark 1
Automatic Assault Rifle
Technical specifications
Damage Per Hit
Magazine Size
30 rounds
Maximum Ammunition
240 rounds
Fire Mode
Ammunition Type
Rate of Fire
Low to Medium
Short to Medium
"Those things could stop a truck, as long as the recoil didn't dislocate your shoulder."
Damon Baird after discovering Savage Locust using the Retro Lancer
The Mark I Lancer Assault Rifle, dubbed the Retro Lancer[1] during the Lambent Pandemic, was the predecessor to the Mark 2 Lancer Assault Rifle.
When the Locust War began, the now outdated Mark I Lancer was still in service, but its bayonet proved less effective against the COG's new enemy. As such it was replaced by the Mark II as the COG's standard issue rifle, and old rifles became a rare sight on the battlefield. However, following the Sinking of Jacinto, when supplies started to become scarce, the Retro Lancer started cropping up in the hands of fighting forces once again. They have even been used by the Savage Drones both as primary weapons, as well as serving as the platform for their Multi-Turrets.
"The Mk I Lancer was the standard infantry assault weapon for COG forces during the later decades of the Pendulum Wars, undergoing very few modifications because of its reliability and its tolerance of a wide range of climatic conditions.
Its broad bayonet -- famed for its intimidating effect on UIR forces -- was replaced by an integral chainsaw in the Mk2 Lancer after operational experience against Locust. While the blade-type bayonet was effective against human enemies, it had difficulty penetrating the thick hide of Locust and was prone to snapping. The chainsaw modification, designed by Professor Adam Fenix a year after Emergence, was inspired by Private Tai Kaliso of 26 RTI successfully using a chainsaw to kill a Locust drone.
While the Mk II Lancer resembles the Mk I externally, an almost complete redesign was necessary to accommodate the cutting chain and drive mechanism.
— From "Small Arms of the Coalition," page 28. (Gears of War: 3 Collectible 'Bayonet')
Tai Kaliso with the Mark 1 at Aspho Fields.
The original Lancer assault rifle was utilized as the standard-issue assault rifle by Coalition of Ordered Governments forces, introduced in the later years of the Pendulum Wars. Known for its reliability, the rifle was an extremely powerful weapon, able to stop a truck, as Cpl.Damon Baird says, or even bring down a UIR Khimera attack Helicopter,[2] but it had a furious recoil caused by the powerful ammunition and very short barrel. The Mark 1 Lancer was used by COG armed forces even past Emergence Day.
However, a year following Emergence Day, COG soldiers found the Lancer that served them faithfully for so many years was now obsolete against the Locust Horde. Being very powerful, there was never any question that it could kill a Locust ballistics wise, but the tough skin of the Locust often deflected the bayonet, or even caused it to snap off. With great force, a Gear can kill a Locust with the Lancer, with a running charge to produce momentum to puncture the tough hide, and then lifting the victim up after the charge to get the knife to penetrate deep enough to actually kill the thing. Unfortunately, the Locusts' preference for close-quarters combat magnified the problem, and Gears simply couldn't respond quick enough to violent CQC attacks from Locust troops.
The ineffective knife bayonet combined with the Lancer's low rate of fire and massive recoil led to the need to redesign the Lancer assault rifle. Inspired by Gear Tai Kaliso who improvised use of a chainsaw to kill a Locust soldier, Marcus Fenix discussed the idea with his father, Professor Adam Fenix. Soon after, the Mark 2 Lancer Assault Rifle was developed, incorporating more accurate fire, less recoil, a reticule sight and a chainsaw bayonet; the phase out of the old rifle was 90% complete by the Battle of Halvo Bay, and most COG Battalions were outfitted with the new Lancer.
Dominic Santiago firing a Retro Lancer.
Seventeen years later, after the Sinking of Jacinto, the original Lancer re-surfaced. Savage Locust also began scavenging any resource available, including the Retro Lancer, which became a staple weapon among their more common warriors while others became the Savage Locust's improvised turrets. Savage Drones were exclusively armed with Retro Lancers. It also went back into the hands of Gears a few times. Now dubbed the "Retro Lancer", it also became a popular weapon among the Stranded gangs as a defensive weapon, and used to make traps.
"These blades are useless, we need something that can actually cut these assholes!"
— Marcus Fenix.
Retro Lancer
A Retro Lancer.
The most crucial and perhaps the only needed, attachment to the Retro Lancer was the blade-bayonet. As the predecessor to the Chainsaw Bayonet, the blade-bayonet was significantly weaker in comparison to its counterpart's motorized chainsaw but with enough brute force behind a charge, a Retro Lancer user could easily kill an opponent.[3]
The Bayonet can, of course, be detached and used as an all-purpose survival knife for hunting, clearing path through vegetation like a machete, or just a weapon in its own right.
Another attachment was known as the "Gut-Puncher" grenade launcher, which was used to fire individual grenades at a variable distance. The most notable usage of this attachment was during the Battle of Aspho Fields.
Various focal length tactical scopes could also be mounted on the sight rails of the weapon, replacing the standard iron sights of the weapon, as used in the Battle of Aspho Fields by Bernadette Mataki. [4]
Behind the ScenesEdit
Concept art for the Gears 3 Mk.1 Lancer.
 - Cliff commented that he brought the original Lancer into Gears of War 3 because of popular demand.
 - At certain Gamestops, it was possible to buy a scale version of the Retro Lancer for about $99.99 (U.S. price). The golden variant was sold in the U.K.
 - In Gears of War 2, the Retro Lancer made a cameo appearance during the opening cutscene of the game. In the scene where Queen Myrrah summarizes the last one-hundred years on Sera, Pendulum Wars soldiers using Retro Lancers appeared.
 - The Retro Lancer's Bayonet Charge is the only instant execution move in the game other than the original Lancer's chainsaw.
 - In Gears of War 3 Beta, players could unlock a golden weapon skin for the Retro Lancer after playing ninety matches. Killing 100 enemies in the Beta with it would unlock it in the full game.
The old Lancer on the Locust's Multi-Turret.
 - In Gears of War 3, the Retro Lancer is cosmetically different than the one shown in the forth image above. It sports a different knife bayonet, being more straight and clean rather than jagged and dirty, and has a slit running down the top of the knife. The generic shape of the weapon has also been refined more, being a more curved design than earlier iterations of the weapon. The barrel is also quite short in game to make it more suitable towards bayonet charges (a longer barrel as seen above could potentially get stuck inside an opponent, making it more difficult to remove after impaling someone). The back of the gun also features new detailing including worn caution striping as opposed to the metal bars sticking out on the above images. The original Retro Lancer however can still be seen in game as part of the traps used by 'Ashman' in Char and by the NPC Stranded characters in Griffin's Stranded Camp. The old design is also present on the 'weapon shelves' seen throughout the campaign, although picking one up changes it into a standard one. However the weapon icon at the top of the screen during gameplay still retains the form of the old Retro Lancer design.
 - It is one of the few weapons that could be fitted into the Savage Locust's Multi-Turret, along with the Boomshot Grenade Launcher and the Gnasher Shotgun.
 - Beware when attempting to "Retro-charge" an opponent whether you are in front or behind as the war cry that your character gives out when charging may alert your target, giving them time to maneuver out of the way.
 - Oddly enough, in Campaign the Retro Lancer doesn't have the heavy recoil that it has on Multiplayer modes. However, when aiming it still retains the inaccuracy as in Multiplayer.
 - Fire this weapon in short controlled bursts of about 2 to 3 rounds to maintain accuracy and full damage to the target.
 1. pause at 1:18
 2. Gears of War: Aspho Fields
 3. 6:40-6:55
 4. Gears of War: Aspho Fields
The Weapons and Equipment of Gears of War
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1 0], 'projective');
 xyScreen = tformfwd([x, y], tform);
 xScreen = xyScreen(1);
 yScreen = xyScreen(2);
 % Ensure the new coordinates remain within the unit square.
 xScreen = min([xScreen 1]);
 xScreen = max([xScreen 0]);
 yScreen = min([yScreen 1]);
 yScreen = max([yScreen 0]);
 % Store the new MATLAB axis coordinates.
 laser.x = [laser.x(:); xScreen];
 laser.y = [laser.y(:); yScreen];
% Plot the tracked laser positions.
set(laserFig, 'Position', smallFigPos);
plot(laser.x, laser.y, 'r*');
% Close the laser figure.
% Stop the acquisition, remove the object from memory,
% and clear the variable.
clear vid
% Remove the directory containing the utility functions from the MATLAB path.
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The PCI Data Security Standard _URL_ forbid storing Credit Card info in the transaction log
3.2.1 For a sample of system components, examine data sources, including but not limited to the following, and verify that the full contents of any track from the magnetic stripe on the back of card or equivalent data on a chip are not stored under any circumstance: Incoming transaction data
 - All logs (for example, transaction, history, debugging, error)
 - History files
 - Trace files
 - Several database schemas
 - Database contents
Could anybody with read access to the log or log backup file be able to read CC number? It is not in a clear text. Still, is it possible to decript it? Is it enough to restrict user access to the log and log backup files?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
This means text logs, such as those from Log4net.
Not database redo/undo/transaction files
PCI says that Credit card numbers (PAN) should be sent and stored as encrypted in the database, which means only the encrypted value will appear in any database log file (whether an error log or the actual redo/undo/transaction log file). See Page 8 and item 3.4 of your document for this.
Edit, after _USER_'s observation
 - The database doesn't do encryption/decryption: only storage, no processing
 - The sending/receiving application does encryption/decryption: only processing, no storage
share|improve this answer
+1 great answer. So you're saying that by this standard the database doesn't even worry about encrypting/decrypting? It's up to the sending and receiving application to do the encryption/decryption? Do I have that right? – Thomas Stringer Jun 14 '12 at 14:11
_USER_: correct. And of course no persistence in the client code. So processing and persistence never happen in the same place. – gbn Jun 14 '12 at 14:14
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text:
Numark Orbit - Importing Multiple Controller Mappings in Traktor Pro 2
Before we continue it's important to understand the differences between the types of Traktor Pro mappings. One type of mapping is a generic controller type; these mappings are generally included with the purchase of the hardware, and are supplied by the manufacture. Generic controller mappings provide basic control of the Traktor software. In most cases what you see on the controller is exactly what you reaction you get in the software. Another type of mapping is effects based mapping; the effects based mappings offer the user a more complex and customized experience. Since these mappings alter effects settings within Traktor it is important that these mappings are imported first. These mappings also must be imported two times using the large import button at the bottom left of the Preferences window. Importing the mapping twice ensures that all effects and their settings are loaded correctly.
Now that we understand the basics lets go through one example using the Numark 4TRAK, and the Numark Orbit wireless DJ controller. In this scenario we will be using the 4TRAK for basic control, and the Orbit to trigger customized combination effects. It is important to back up your current settings if you wish to use them later. Open Preferences within Traktor Pro and choose Export from the bottom of that window you will want to be sure and check off any setting box you wish to recall later.
Now that we understand the basics, and have made a backup our current settings lets get started.
- Download both controller mapping files.
- Unzip or extract the files to your desktop.
- Plug in your Numark 4TRAK USB, and the Numark Orbit USB Dongle.
- Power-on both units.
- Open Traktor Pro 2.
- Click the Preferences or gear icon in the top right corner.
- Click Import from the bottom of the Preferences window.
- First it's important to load the effects based mapping. Locate the Orbit mapping file, and click Open.
- Leave the default Category boxes checked as below unless you have your GUI or layout setup for 4 decks. Click OK to import the settings.
- You need to import this mapping twice ensure all effect settings load correctly. Repeat steps 7-10 to ensure this.
- Next we need to import our Generic mapping type which is the Numark 4TRAK for this example.
- Still within the Preferences window select and highlight Controller Manager section from the left.
- At the top of the window within the Device Setup section click Add…
- From the drop down list select Import.
- Locate the extracted Numark 4TRAK mapping file, and click Open. Should be wherever you extracted the mapping file to. Its important to add the second map in this manor other wise you will delete the first mapping we imported. Importing through the Traktor Wizard will also overwrite our original mapping and setup settings.
*You will always use Add... > Import when adding a second controller.
- Lastly ensure that all of your In-Ports, and Out-Ports are assigned to the correct hardware.
- That's it you have correctly configured multiple controllers within Traktor Pro 2. You can now export your controller mappings and settings. This way when you want to recall this same configuration again, simply click the Import button from the bottom of the Preferences window and choose that file.
Numark Support & Warranty Service
Whether you are a customer or dealer, if you already own a Numark product, or if you just have pre-sales questions, the Numark technical support team is available to help!
Visit the link below to connect with any of the following support options: online community support, phone support, email support.


text: This study aims to maintain and improve the value of urban parks in the changing paradigm as part of an effort to propose concepts and study directions. In order to achieve this, there was an intention to derive characteristics of each current operating agencies of park marketing through a comparative analysis, to allow early stages of active park marketing development in the future to become a precedent and, to lead as indicator of new direction. This method was used to organize the yet unfamiliar principle of park marketing from one's perspective and to recognize the importance earlier on and observe overseas exemplars highly applicable to the study. As basis of the aforementioned method, well-regarded examples of urban parks-Seoul Forest, World Cup Park and Olympic Park-, which demonstrate excellent marketing, were selected as study sites to examine the current park marketing strategies and characteristics of each operating agencies. This study suggests and analyzes new concept of park marketing, which are insufficiently examined, in a new perspective. In addition, it is significant in the analysis of the current status of national and international exemplars. However, more specific and professional marketing proposals are desired to improve the completeness of this study, and personal perspective on park marketing and insufficient number of samples in the surveys might hinder objectivity of this study. In addition, more extensive research on the park users who can verify the effectiveness of the marketing strategy is required to support the findings in this study.


text:
The Amos Block was built on the site of the Empire State Mills Building in 1878,
and may have incorporated the remains of that earlier property. Immediately
adjacent to the Amos Block were warehouses, wholesale establishments, and light
manufacturing companies, while space in the building itself was allocated for
wholesale grocery businesses at street level, and storage on the upper stories.
Steam packets loaded and unloaded freight on the canal side, while the elaborate
Romanesque facade on West Water Street enticed passersby to patronize the
wholesale grocery businesses inside.
Jacob Amos, whose surname appears on the parapets of the building, served
as mayor of Syracuse for two terms (_PHONE_). During that time he
concerned himself with improving the appearance of the city. The
installation of sewer systems, street paving, and the completion of
Syracuse City Hall were among his principle accomplishments. Jacob Amos
was also a businessman. Aside from owning and renting out space in the
Amos Building, he also owned a flour mill, a portion of which survives
today on Walton Street, south of the Amos Block.
The Amos Block was
J. Lyman Silsbee, a prominent Syracuse architect who also designed the
Syracuse Savings Bank and the White Memorial building. In the Amos
Building, Silsbee abandoned the Gothic for the Romanesque. The Amos Block
is the only known Romanesque structure in Syracuse designed by Silsbee.
Following his work here, Silsbee moved to Chicago, where he worked with
Frank Lloyd Wright, and specialized in designing residential buildings in
the shingle style.
The commercial structure, with its distinctive Romanesque facade, was
sited next to the old Erie Canal where it became an important component of
the developing downtown business district during the last quarter of the
nineteenth century. The block, which measures approximately 55 feet by 145
feet, is comprised of a full basement and four stories with an additional
half-story is located above the center portion. The seven separate street
level bays are most easily delineated on the West Water Street or southern
elevation. The six westernmost comprise a single homogeneous architectural
unit commonly known as the Amos Building. Silsbee designed the facade in
1878, incorporating an earlier, smaller structure. In the process, he
added a half-story to the two center bays, erected the two western bays,
and altered the roof line of the two eastern bays. The easternmost portion
of the block, which is detailed somewhat differently than the main block,
dates to about 1910, and exhibits narrow rectangular openings and a
cast-iron front on the first story.
The exterior of the first story has early twentieth-century rusticated
concrete block facing while the second, third and fourth stories exhibit a
variety of Romanesque style openings in different groupings accented by
variations in surface texture, with brick corbelling at the cornice line.
The two center bays rise to a parapet gable, effecting an interesting
verticality to the otherwise horizontal orientation of the building. The
east and west elevations are plain brick bearing walls. Adjoining
buildings on either side have been demolished in recent years. The north
facade – which more people drive by today -- is also
plain because the elevation faced the canal.
In the 1970s this old
commercial block, then empty and dilapidated, was scheduled for demolition
as part of the Chandler Plan – the name for the doomed project that would
have turned much of Clinton square into the urban version of a highway
interchange. The Amos Block was saved, and it is now listed on the
National Register of Historic Places. In recent years it was best known as
the home of Syracuse Suds – the most visible of the city's recent
breweries. In 1999, Syracuse Subs moved nearby to the former Neal & Hyde
building on Franklin Street, and now the Amos Block sits empty once again.
The Syracuse Downtown Committee and others are working hard to find a new
use for the building.


text:
Invasive and Potentially Dangerous Trees
Updated: Jun 21
Did you know that these commonly spotted trees may cause damage to your home, property or animals! Give this a share to help warm other homeowners of the threats these trees may cause.
This popular tree was once first used for a decorative piece in gardens but has sense spread outside of the marked boundaries and has spread rapidly. The beautiful bright pink flowers attracts many nectar loving insects and animals but once the bloom dies the pods contain a toxin that is very harmful to animals.
Tree of Heaven
This tree grows well in poor soil which gives it the opportunity to thrive alone roadsides. This causes our roadsides to be come over crowded with plant life making it hard to see past curves or see any wildlife that may be trying to cross the road. The seeds to these plants are light and fly through the air spreading quick. These trees hold no significant benefits for nature thus meaning that to reduce the invasive properties they hold and potential threats we suggest removing them.
Bradford Pear Tree
It is not secret that these trees not only have a foul smell but can cause a lot of damage to homes if not cared for properly. Bradford Pear Trees have brittle limbs and have the tendency to break which if over a home or deck may be problematic. We can help with your Bradford Pear tree removal even if the tree may be in a tough and difficult spot.


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this question might be very simple, but I do not find a good way to solve it: I have a dataset with many subgroups which need to be analysed all-together and on their own. Therefore, I want to use subsets for the groups and use them for the later analysis. As well, the defintion of the subsets as the analysis should be partly done with loops in order to save space and to ensure that the same analysis has been done with all subgroups.
Here is an example of my code using an example dataframe from the boot package:
for (i in length(qlist)) {
 paste("aids.sub.",qlist[i],sep="") <- subset(aids, quarter==qlist[i])
The variable which contains the subgroups in my dataset is stored as a string, therefore I added the qlist part which would be not required otherwise.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Make a list of the subsets with lapply:
lapply(qlist, function(x) subset(aids, quarter==x))
Equivalently, avoiding the subset():
lapply(qlist, function(x) aids[aids$quarter==x,])
It is likely the case that using a list will make the subsequent code easier to write and understand. You can subset the list to get a single data frame (just as you can use one of the subsets, as created below). But you can also iterate over it (using for or lapply) without having to construct variable names.
To do the job as you are asking, use assign:
for (i in qlist) {
 assign(paste("aids.sub.",i,sep=""), subset(aids, quarter==i))
Note the removal of the length() function, and that this is iterating directly over qlist.
share|improve this answer
Is there a way, I can store those lists as dataframes with standardized names such as aids.sub1 to aids.sub4? I have more than 300,000 obs. which cannot even be all printed on screen. – user1870829 Dec 9 '12 at 21:02
You can, but you probably should not. I'll edit the answer to show how. – Matthew Lundberg Dec 9 '12 at 21:10
Great, thank you for the quick help! – user1870829 Dec 9 '12 at 21:17
_USER_ you can name the lists. You can access them by object$name and it won't clutter your workspace with "useless" variables. – Roman Luštrik Dec 9 '12 at 22:05
Your Answer


text:
Did you know that Hook Grasses can control water loss by folding up their leaves?
Contrary to their common name, Hook Grasses are not grasses but Sedges and they belong to the family Cyperaceae. Sedges are commonly found in wet or poorly drained habitats. Hook Grasses, however, can be found in a much greater diversity of habitats.
In New Zealand, Hook Grasses can grow in costal scrub, forests, swamps, grasslands or herbfields in sub-alpine and alpine habitats.
Although Hook Grasses have colonised drier habitats, water is still important for their survival and they use a very clever system, operated by so-called bulliform cells, to regulate water loss. Bulliform cells are large, bubble-shaped cells found in the upper surface of the leaves. In Hook Grasses these cells are found all along the midrib.
When water availability is low, these cells shrink causing the leaf blade to fold. Each side of the leaf blade, at either side of the midrib, moves towards each other like closing a book. By folding their leaves these sedges reduce the area exposed to sunlight and therefore water loss by evaporation.
This mechanism allows water to be maintained inside the plant. Once water is available again, these cells enlarge and the leaf blade unfolds again.


text:
Scrabble word: PELAGIC
In which Scrabble dictionary does PELAGIC exist?
Definitions of PELAGIC in dictionaries:
- adj - relating to or occurring or living in or frequenting the open ocean
- Of, relating to, or living in open oceans or seas rather than waters adjacent to land or inland waters: pelagic birds.
- noun - an inhabitant of the ocean
There are 7 letters in PELAGIC: A C E G I L P
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to PELAGIC
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word PELAGIC plus a wildcard: PELAGIC?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word PELAGIC
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for PELAGIC
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


text:
Charge determination for specified shape Coulomb force virtual structures
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics
The focus of this paper is the generation of high Earth orbit (HEO) Coulomb force structures. These structures are characterized by a set of charge carrying nodes, but no interconnecting struts. By correctly setting the node charges, the inter-node Coulomb forces create a static, crystal-like structure. The uniqueness of the work is the examination of how to form specified shape structures using a subset of all available nodes. In addition, the plasma shielding effect is considered explicitly. An equilateral triangle structure example is given to illustrate the approach where 5 nodes are used in the structure, 3 of which are used to satisfy an equilateral triangle shape goal. The example also illustrates that practical Coulomb structures should have inter-node separation distances in the 10s of meters range or less. Copyright © 2006 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference
King, L. B.,
Charge determination for specified shape Coulomb force virtual structures.
Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference,
Retrieved from: _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a unicode file that contains Chinese characters. I have a local and a remote copy of it.
When I use less on the local file the characters are shown properly:
However, when I ssh to the remote machine and look at the remote version of the same file the characters are just shown like this instead:
How can I properly view the remote unicode file (when connected via ssh)?
(I'm using the standard terminal application on Mac OS.)
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Does the file display correctly if you cat it (or used head to shorten the output)?
I think the key to making less display the file properly lies in setting LANG or LC_ALL properly. On your local system and the remote system compare the values of those variables and see if they are different and whether changing the remote one to match makes a difference.
From the less man page (Note the last sentence):
 If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings
 "UTF-8", "UTF8", "utf-8" or "utf8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_TYPE or
 LANG environment variables, then the default character set is utf-8.
 If that string is not found, but your system supports the setlocale
 interface, less will use setlocale to determine the character set.
 setlocale is controlled by setting the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment
 Finally, if the setlocale interface is also not available, the default
 character set is latin1.
 Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse
 video). Each such character is displayed in caret notation if possible
 (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used only if inverting the
 0100 bit results in a normal printable character. Otherwise, the char‐
 acter is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! cat worked fine. And less works now after I set LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8. – user9474 Nov 21 '09 at 0:25
Your Answer


text:
Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
A nationally representative panel study of British households was used to examine the extent to which Big Five personality traits interact with the experience of major life events (marriage, childbirth, unemployment, and widowhood) to predict increases and decreases in life satisfaction following the event. Results show that major life events are associated with changes in life satisfaction, and some of these changes are very long lasting. Personality traits did not have consistent moderating effects on the association between stressful life events and life satisfaction over time.
Journal of Research in Personality
Volume and page numbers
46, 477 -488
Albert Sloman Library Periodicals *restricted to Univ. Essex registered users*


Los Alamos National Laboratory
Periodic Table of Elements: LANL
Back to Elements List
Osmium is used to produce fountain pen tips. Osmium is used to produce fountain pen tips.
Atomic Number: 76 Atomic Radius: 216 pm (Van der Waals)
Atomic Symbol: Os Melting Point: 3033 °C
Atomic Weight: 190.2 Boiling Point: 5012 °C
Electron Configuration: [Xe]6s24f145d6 Oxidation States: 3, 4
Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia.
Osmium occurs in iridosule and in platinum-bearing river sands in the Urals, North America, and South America. It is also found in the nickel-bearing ores of Sudbury, Ontario region along with other platinum metals. While the quantity of platinum metals in these ores is very small, the large tonnages of processed nickel ores make commercial recovery possible.
The metal is lustrous, bluish white, extremely hard, and brittle even at high temperatures. It has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the platinum group. The metal is very difficult to fabricate, but the powdered or spongy metal slowly gives off osmium tetroxide, which as a powerful oxidizing agent and has a strong smell. The tetroxide is highly toxic, and boils at 130°C.
Density measurements show osmium to be a a little more dense than iridium, and osmium is often cited as the heavier element. However, calculations of the density from the space lattice, which may be more reliable than these measurements, give a density of 22.65 for iridium compared to 22.61 for osmium. According to IUPAC, because of this apparent contradiction, no decision has been made as to which is heavier.
Concentrations in air as low as 107 g/m3 can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage. Exposure to osmium tetroxide should not exceed 0.0016 mg/m3 (8-hour time weighted average - 40-hour work week).
The tetroxide has been used to detect fingerprints and to stain fatty tissue for microscope slides. The metal is almost entirely used to produce very hard alloys with other metals of the platinum group for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Bird in the bush
"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
A proverb of which one meaning is it is better to have something for sure (low risk) than something speculative (high risk). The paradox part is that investors will often not do a probability analysis for lowest risk/highest return. They will take their chances of getting something more speculatively than they will getting something less as a sure thing. Better to have than to speculate on the one hand but better to speculate than have on the other. Since most choose to speculate, we can extrapolate that this saying is intended as a caution to incautious people.
Due to the phrasing of the sentence (and the emphasis given to the position of the bird) it is plain that it is 'not a paradox'.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
(Fodor assumes) nomologically co-extensive. According to Fodor, we cannot distinguish between selection for adaptive responses in the presence of one versus the other of two such properties. We can represent each distinctly but, according to Fodor, selection histories are not sufficiently fine-grained to distinguish such contents.
Consider the two options: either the causal powers of two co-extensional properties F and G are distinct or they are not distinct. Suppose first that they are not distinct. On some plausible and medium-grained theories of property individuation, properties are individuated by their causal powers, so if there is no difference in the causal powers of F and G, they are the same property on such a theory. On this way of individuating properties, a representation that refers to the one must refer to the other too and so there is no problem here for a theory of referential content. On this way of thinking, if there is no distinction between the causal powers of triangularity and trilaterality, any difference in the mental representations TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL must be a difference of a different sort. It might be a difference in representational vehicle, or in other words, the two might be different predicates denoting the same property. They might, consistent with this, differ in their cognitive roles. Alternatively, modest theories can maintain that these two representations are semantically complex, in which case there might be a difference (even a referential difference) in the constituent concepts out of which TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL are composed (e.g., one mentions angles and one does not).
Suppose, on the other hand, that F and G do have distinct causal powers. Most would agree that this is in fact the case if X is the property of being a creature with a kidney and Y is the property of being a creature with a heart. In that case, this version of the objection does not get off the ground. If the causal powers of the properties differ, they can play different roles in selection histories. Consider, for example, the proposal that the contents of sensory-perceptual representations are (so to speak) their Normal causes. A system can have a disposition to be caused by Fs to do M, without having a disposition to be caused by Gs to do M, if F and G have distinct causal powers even (if they are co-extensive). The system can be selected for the one disposition that it has but it cannot be selected for the disposition that it does not have.
Fodor's objection has evolved into a general objection to any adaptational explanation and to the very notion of selection for. It would take too much space to follow the trail further here. (See Fodor and Piatelli-Palmarini 2010 and see esp. Block and Kitcher 2010 and Sober 2011 (Other Internet Resources) for effective critical discussion).
We turn now to the second functional indeterminacy problem. It stems from the fact that organic systems are selected for complex causal roles, as indicated earlier. For example, a gene in an antelope might have been selected because it (i) altered the shape of hemoglobin, (ii) which increased oxygen uptake, (iii) which allowed the antelope to move to higher ground, (iv) which gave them access to richer pasture in summer, (v) and so improved their nutritional status, their immunity to disease, their vigor in avoiding predation, their attraction to mates and (vi) their chances of survival and reproduction (Neander, 1995). To determine the function of a trait, such as the altered shape of the hemoglobin, the etiological theory of functions tells us to ask, "what did past instances do that was adaptive and that caused traits of that type to be selected?". In this case, the answer is (ii) through (vi). The altered shape of the hemoglobin did all of this, and all of this was adaptive, and all of this contributed to the selection of the trait (i.e., it was selected for all of this). So all of this would seem to be the trait's function. Its function is the complex causal role for which it was selected.
The problem for content can be seen when we consider mechanisms that produce or consume representations. For instance, the frog's detection device was selected because it (a) responded to small, dark, moving things and (b) that helped the frog catch these things, and (c) that provided the frog with nutrients and (d) that contributed to the frog's chances of survival and reproduction in various ways. Thus ancestral detection devices contributed to the selection of that type of device by way of a complex causal route in which the visible configuration of the stimulus and the nutritional properties of the stimulus both play a role. Note that this does not depend on these features of the environment being co-extensional. Even if not all small, dark and moving things were nutritious and not all nutritious things were small, dark and moving in the frog's natural habitat, this problem of complex causal roles would still remain. The problem is that the systems responsible for the production and the consumption of representations were selected for complex causal roles in which a number of environmental features were involved.
Agar (1993) supports the idea that the frog's representation represents small, dark, moving food, a content intended to incorporate all of the properties causally responsible for the selection. Price (1998, 2001) claims that, contrary to what has just been said, there is a unique, correct function ascription for each trait and she elaborates a number of principles to isolate the unique, correct function ascription. Enc (2002) endorses Price's claim that function ascriptions must be determinate if any teleological theory of content is to succeed but raises problems for her attempt to show that function ascriptions are suitably determinate.
However, teleological theories of content do not merely gesture toward functions and leave it at that. Consider again the causal theory discussed in the preceding section. The content of the frog's sensory-perceptual representation is not indeterminate between the configuration of visible features and something nutritious on that theory, since the frog's visual system was not selected for producing the relevant sensory-perceptual representation in response to the nutritional value of the stimulus. A frog's visual system is not causally sensitive to the presence or absence of nutrients and could not have been selected for a causal sensitivity it did not have. The general point here is that teleological theories of content appeal to functions in certain ways and one must examine the particular theory to see if the theory isolates a sufficiently determinate content.
In responding to the indeterminacy problem, Millikan (1991) might be thought to rely on the fact that, on her theory, it is the proper function of the consumer and not that of the producer of the representation that determines its content. For instance, in discussing Dretske's magnetesome example she says that, "[t]he mechanisms THAT USE the magnetesome's offerings don't care at all whether the magnet points to magnetic north, geomagnetic north or, say, to the North Star. The only one of the conditions Dretske mentioned that is necessary FOR THE USER'S PROPER FUNCTIONING is that the magnet point in the direction of lesser oxygen" (Millikan (1991, 163) original emphasis). However, it seems (to this author) that Millikan's emphasis here does not put the emphasis in the right place for her theory. Recall that one consumer of the frog's perceptual representation is the motor control system which controls the frog's orienting toward the stimulus. We can describe its function as controlling the frog's orienting toward frog food, but we could also describe it as controlling the frog's orienting toward small, dark, moving things. A mere appeal to consumers would seem to shift the problem without solving it. However, it does not follow that Millikan's theory leaves content indeterminate. It is Millikan's appeal to Normal conditions that does more work in disambiguating the content for her.
Finally, some proponents of teleological theories do not think that content is determinate in the cases used to illustrate the alleged problem. Dennett (1995) maintains that such content indeterminacy is unproblematic. Papineau (1997) maintains that content is indeterminate in the case of a creatures that lacks a belief-desire psychological structure. Whether a creature lacks a belief-desire structure will in part depend on how we construe this requirement. It is not straightforward whether frogs lack a belief-desire psychological structure given that they have both informational and motivational states. Nonetheless, Papineau is probably right that the informational and motivational states are not so distinct as ours and he might also be right that content indeterminacy at this level is unproblematic. We will, however, need to resolve related content indeterminacy problems for human mental states.
Another objection that has been influential is the Swampman objection. Swampman-style examples have been around for some time. Boorse (1976) imagines a population of rabbits accidentally coalescing into existence as a counter-example to Wright's etiological theory of functions. Boorse's claim was that we could ascribe functions to the rabbits' parts even if the rabbits lacked any selection-history. Swampman in particular was raised by Davidson (1987) as a potential objection to his own historical (but not teleological) theory of content. When Swampman comes into existence he is a synchronic (at a time, but not extended over time) physical replica of Davidson at a certain point in time (t). Swampman's history differs radically from Davidson's because he comes into existence as a result of a purely accidental collision of elementary particles. Crucially, he does not


text:
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part Number B10339-02
The RTRIM function removes characters from the right of a text expression, with all the rightmost characters that appear in another text expression removed. The function begins scanning the base text expression from its last character and removes all characters that appear in the trim expression until reaching a character that is not in the trim expression and then returns the result.
TEXT or NTEXT based on the data type of the first argument.
RTRIM (text-exp [, trim-exp])
A text expression that you want trimmed.
A text expression that is the characters to trim. The default value of trim-exp is a single blank.
The following example trims all of the right-most a's from a string.
SHOW RTRIM('Last Wordxxyxy','xy') Last Word


Meeting Banner
Abstract #3648
LL-FAIR: Implementation and Application at 7T
Susan T. Francis1, Roman Wesolowski1, Emma L. Hall1, Penny A. Gowland1
1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
The feasibility of LL-FAIR, also known as ITSFAIR or QUASAR, at 7T is demonstrated. LL-FAIR is implemented using optimised readout pulse timing and flip angles to suppress the static tissue signal, thus providing inherent background suppression to reduce physiological noise. Increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and relaxation times at 7T result in increased sensitivity. Arterial Cerebral Blood Volume (CBVa) and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) data are collected at high spatial resolution, with improved Mbo estimation due to reduced partial volume effects. Functional CBF and CBVa maps show improved spatial localisation and reduced physiological noise compared to BOLD, with the possibility of mapping changes to a single activation cycle.


text:
This sample implements the functionality of generating checksum number using Luhn's algorithm.
I've created a class LuhnAlgorithm with a static function:
public static int
Return value is the generated number.
The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, was developed in the 1960s as a method of validating identification numbers. It is a simple checksum formula used to validate a variety of account numbers, such as credit card numbers and Canadian Social Insurance Numbers. Much of its notoriety comes from credit card companies' adoption of it shortly after its creation in the late 1960s by IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn (1896–1964).
Explanation of the Luhn's algorithm can be found here.


text:
Over 12 months, an immunisation navigator programme for urban adolescents increased immunisation rates by approximately 13% compared with control
- Department of Nursing, North Georgia College and State University, Dahlonega, Georgia, USA
- Correspondence to Regena Spratling
Department of Nursing, North Georgia College and State University, Health & Natural Sciences Building, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, USA;
Implications for Nursing Practice and Research
■ Interventions that include patient tracking, reminder/recall and home visits can improve adolescent immunisation rates and preventive care visit rates.
■ Implementation of interventions aimed at immunisations and preventive care are needed to enhance adolescent care.
■ Research in development and implementation of programmes on a local, regional and national level are needed to address adolescent immunisation rates and preventive care.
Interventions that increase adolescent immunisation rates and preventive care visits are needed. This is demonstrated by data relating to vaccination coverage in the USA for the meningococcus (62.7%), pertussis vaccine (68.7%) and papilloma virus (32%; three …


text: The tsB5 isolate of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) enters host cells more rapidly than does KOS, an independent isolate of HSV-1, and this rate-of-entry determinant is located between prototypic map coordinates 0.350 and 0.360 (1). The nucleotide sequence of strain tsB5 has now been determined between prototypic map coordinates 0.347 and 0.360. Comparison of the tsB5 sequence to the homologous KOS sequence revealed that the rate-of-entry difference between these two HSV-1 strains may be due to the single amino acid difference observed within these sequences (0.350 to 0.360). A cell fusion determinant in tsB5 is located between coordinates 0.345 and 0.355 and to the left of the rate-of-entry determinant (1). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a second amino acid difference between tsB5 and KOS at coordinate 0.349. The cell fusion determinant was tentatively assigned to this location.


text:
How to Prevent Kitchen Burns
Kitchen burns can happen very easily — while taking a hot pan from the oven or draining boiled pasta, for example. Prevent kitchen burns by making these safety precautions a habit:
Always use oven mitts when taking things out of the oven or removing things from the stove. Protective mitten types are good for taking things out of the oven because they protect the back of your hands, too.
Never touch the stovetop with your bare hand. You may not know whether the burners are still hot.
Stand back from a hot pan when you remove the lid. You don't want to get steam burns
Be very careful when draining hot pasta or pouring hot liquids like soup from a pot into a bowl. A splatter of boiling water, hot soup, or hot oil can burn you.
Never mix hot liquids in a blender. They can explode out of the blender container, even with the lid on.
Stand back from hot grease and boiling liquids, including water. These liquids can spatter and burn you, so keep your distance and wear long sleeves.
Keep pot handles turned inward. If the handles point out over the edge of the stove, someone could bump them and send a pan full of hot food flying.


Top 10 highest paid science jobs
Written by jason knapfel
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A lot of science-related jobs are more about the passion for discovering new things and applying them to the betterment of mankind than they are about getting a high salary. But in some jobs, if you have the intellectual capacity and curiosity about the world of science, it can prove to be mentally satisfying and financially rewarding.
Petroleum Engineer
These engineers devise ways to improve oil and gas production, and determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Petroleum engineers are involved in making drilling more economical. There are several industry specialities, but the highest mean pay goes to those involved in oil and gas extraction--$127,520 annually.
Physicists who aren't involved exclusively in teaching can be paid a much higher salary by conducting research in physics. They develop theories and laws in regards to physical phenomena. Then they come up with methods to apply their theories to industry and other fields. The mean pay is £69,186 a year.
Computer and Information Scientist, Research
In this career, you conduct computer research as a theorist, designer or inventor. You will develop solutions to problems with hardware and software. You will also plan activities in electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis or computer programming. Computer and information scientists make an average of £65,585 annually.
Computer Hardware Engineer
Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop and test computers or computer-related equipment for commercial, military or scientific use. They may also supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer equipment. Their average salary is £65,117 annually.
Nuclear Engineer
Nuclear engineers research and apply nuclear science principles to problems associated with nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. They make a mean salary of £64,837 annually.
Kids who like to stargaze can grow up to be an astronomer. Astronomers study celestial phenomena to increase mankind's knowledge of the universe. They use their findings to improve things here on Earth. Astronomers make, on average, £64,824 annually.
Computer Software Engineer, Systems Software
Systems software engineers research, design, develop and test operating systems software, compilers and network distribution software for private industry, government agencies, or the military. The mean salary is £61,438 annually.
While math teachers may not make a lot of money, those involved in research do. Mathematicians involved in the application of mathematical techniques to science or other industries make a mean salary of £61,724 annually.
Aerospace Engineer
Aerospace engineers design, construct and test aircraft, missiles and spacecraft. This profession has a mean salary of £61,087 annually.
Physical Scientists, Other
According to the employment statistics provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, all other physical science professions not listed on their website individually have a mean salary of £59,702 annually.
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Subsistence means the minimal resources that are necessary for survival. If you work for subsistence, you'll probably receive food, water, and lodging (internet access not included).
Subsistence can be used in a variety of subtly different ways. In addition to referring to necessities for survival, it can indicate one's means of obtaining those necessities (usually a job). And if you feel like getting philosophical, subsistence can refer to the very act of existence itself.
Definitions of subsistence
 1. noun
 a means of surviving
 "farming is a hard means of subsistence
 see moresee less
 type of:
 endurance, survival
 a state of surviving; remaining alive
 2. noun
 minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting
 "social security provided only a bare subsistence
 see moresee less
 type of:
 bread and butter, keep, livelihood, living, support, sustenance
 the financial means whereby one lives
 3. noun
 the state of existing in reality; having substance
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 type of:
 being, beingness, existence
 the state or fact of existing
Word Family


text:
Sendes vanligvis innen 5-15 dager
Since the spread of classical design and construction amongst the upper echolons of British society in the late seventeenth century, traditional construction methods have largely fallen by the wayside. Centuries later, as the construction industry faces up to its environmental responsibilities, this book explores its rich and ancient tradition to provide tried and trusted solutions to modern day construction problems. By way of introduction, the ancient and historical lifestyles that dictated the nature of traditional construction are explored, before focussing on its health and ecological benefits. As well as cultural background, this book includes a detailed scientific description of traditional building materials and their constituents which draws a sharp contrast with modern petrochemical-based materials. The studies of traditional buildings included reveal the sustainability of features such as natural ventilation and breathing walls, and comparisons with modern construction methods show how they could prevent'sick building syndrome'. The author argues that maintenance for long life, by contrast with the modern concept of life-cycle costing, is at the nub of sustainability and underlies the contribution traditional building construction can make to tackling climate change. Over 250 original photos, and over fifty bespoke diagrams illustrate the features, techniques, and characteristics of traditional construction that could make such a valuable contribution to the industry today. The inclusion of a close study of how these methods relate to British building regulations makes this book a practical guide for construction professionals, as well as an authoritative resource for students and policy-makers.


text:
Northern Crayfish Frog
The northern crayfish frog grows to a length of nearly four inches. It has dark round spots surrounded by light borders on its chin, and the back is noticeably humped. This somewhat stubby frog lives in the southern half of Illinois and is closely associated with the hardpan clay soils south of the Shelbyville Moraine. This nocturnal frog spends the daytime hiding in crayfish or other animal burrows or under boards or logs in wet prairies, pastures or golf courses. It lays its eggs from early March to mid-April in flooded fields, farm ponds and small lakes. The call of the crayfish frog carries a considerable distance. It resembles a deep, roaring snore.


How do you dilute ink? Are you suppose to dilute ink?
by B.J.
How do you dilute ink? Are you supposed to dilute it, and why?
response to question
If you're working in pen and ink, whether or not you dilute the ink depends upon:
 - what kind of pen and ink you are using, and
 - what you want to achieve with your pen and ink artwork.
In general, diluting ink can make the ink lighter in color. For instance, you can dilute black ink to make various shades of grey ink or dilute red ink to make pink ink, instead of going out and buying new bottles of ink in lighter shades.
When you dilute ink to make gradations of color, you open up a whole range of expressive possibilities for your pen and ink artwork. Many artists like to paint "washes" in their pen and ink drawings to add dimension, shading, and other elements of interest. To do this, you draw your image with waterproof ink (using a pen, brush, quill, etc) and then after the ink is dry, apply washes by diluting the ink in distilled water.
It is highly recommended that you dilute your ink in distilled water, rather than tap water, especially if you are using India ink or fountain pen ink (also known as calligraphy ink). Tap water is not good for ink, because the minerals and fluoride in typical tap water can disturb the ink's chemistry and cause it to separate. Distilled water is inexpensive and can be easily picked up from the grocery store, so it's worth picking up a jug, because it will go a long way!
Here's one more reason why you might want to dilute your ink:
If you've had a bottle of ink for awhile, some of the moisture in the ink may have evaporated, making it thicker and harder to manage. In this case, adding water will help return the ink to a more useful state.
Two types of inks that are often diluted are fountain pen ink, calligraphy ink and Sumi-e ink:
 - Artists who use calligraphy ink or fountain pen ink commonly dilute the ink to increase the ink's fluidity. When the ink is diluted with water, the drying time is also quicker. The most common formula is mixing 2 parts ink to 1 part distilled water. Calligraphers using cartridge pens achieve this by injecting the little calligraphy ink cartridge with a carefully measured squirt of distilled water. Calligraphers who use bottled calligraphy ink can squirt the right amount of ink and water into another bottle or a small dish or cup.
 If you use calligraphy ink or fountain pen ink, read the label on the ink bottle to see what type of pen it requires (dip pen, calligraphy fountain pen, etc) because these inks are not compatible with all types of pens. For instance, on Winsor & Newton's website, they state that their calligraphy ink can be used in fountain pens and dip pens (, although some calligraphers recommend using cheap fountain pens with this type of W&N ink rather than expensive or vintage fountain pens. Of course, read all labels carefully to ensure you are using compatible supplies and follow recommended cleaning procedures to ensure the life of your pen.
 - Sumi ink, also known as Chinese ink, comes in both liquid form and stick form. Both can be diluted with distilled water. If you use the stick form of sumi ink, you will need to rub the ink stick against a grinding stone called a suzuri. The suzuri has a little well where you can pour a small amount of distilled water. As you grind the stick against the suzuri, particles from the stick will fall into the water and dissolve to create sumi ink. It's actually a pretty cool, meditative process that can focus your mind and body on the task at hand and the art you are about to create. Keep a small cup or dish of water handy to rinse brush and further dilute the ink, if need be.
Holbein Sumi Suzuri Painting Kit
The Holbein Sumi Suzuri Painting Kit contains everything you'd need for Sumi painting in one handy kit: a black ink stick, grinding stone, water bottle, and 3 brushes that can be held upright in the little holder while you work.
Return to Pen and Ink Techniques and Tips.
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text:
Difference between revisions of "Claim"
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Revision as of 08:38, 16 June 2021
Full Title or Meme
- The English word Claim means to call our for, or to publish, pretty much the same meaning as the Latin word clamare.
- Merriam Webster definitions
: a right to something specifically : a title to a debt, privilege, or other thing in the possession of another The bank has a claim on their house. b: an assertion open to challenge a claim of authenticity advertisers' extravagant claims
- The JWT spec defines it as "A piece of information asserted about a subject. A claim is represented as a name/value pair consisting of a Claim Name and a Claim Value."
- NIST - Claim = A true-false statement about the limitations on the values of an unambiguously defined property called the claim's property; and limitations on the uncertainty of the property's values falling within these limitations during the claim's duration of applicability under stated conditions.
- NIST [ _URL_ - Claimant] = A party whose identity is to be verified using an authentication protocol. A subject whose identity is to be verified using one or more authentication protocols. The person who is asserting his or her identity
- NIST - Credential (2. 2) Evidence attesting to one's right to credit or authority. (1. 1). Evidence or testimonials that support a claim of identity or assertion of an attribute and usually are intended to be used more than once.
- IETF RFC 7519 JSON Web Token (JWT) Claim = A piece of information asserted about a subject. A claim is represented as a name/value pair consisting of a Claim Name and a Claim Value.
- OIDC Core first says that the definition is taken from RFC 7519 and then says a few different things, none of which agrees with the other.
- Claim = (section 1.2) Piece of information asserted about an Entity.
- (section 1.3) The UserInfo Endpoint returns Claims about the End-User
- (section 2) The ID Token is a security token that contains Claims about the Authentication of an End-User by an Authorization Server (for example the auth_time and nonce claims)
- (Section 5) Claims about the End-User and the Authentication event.
- OIDC Credential = Data presented as evidence of the right to use an identity or other resources. (This applies only to clients' creds sent the OP and access tokens in the doc.)
- IdM Glossary of Terms: (_URL_
- Claim (Assertion) is a statement of the value of one or more identity attributes; e.g. if Ben is currently a CIT freshman, the Identity Management system could create a credential containing the claim: "Ben's affiliation is student".
- Credential is an object that is verified when presented during an authentication transaction. Credentials consist of one or two elements:
- Identity Attributes (required): most often just a single identifier (e.g. username) associated with the entity being authenticated. However, in many circumstances, other identity attributes may be required (e.g. assertion of a right to use license for a particular resource)
- Verifier (optional as part of the credential
- _URL_ A claim made by an actor stating its identity. Without validation, no assumptions can be made regarding the actor's identity. An Identity Claim is usually made by a User towards a Service Provider.
- _URL_ claim = An assertion made about a subject.
- The first patent that described the process of using a claim (authentication ticket) in an Authorization process (OAuth) appears to be: United States Patent 7,257,835 Thomas C. Jones August 14, 2007 Filed: May 28, 2003 Securely authorizing the performance of actions
Securely authorizing the performance of actions may be enabled by linking each secure/privileged action to a requisite policy for authorizing that secure/privileged action. In a described media implementation, one or more electronically-accessible media include electronically-executable instructions that, when executed, direct an electronic device to execute operations including: receiving an action performance request that is directed to a requested action; locating an authorization policy that is associated with the requested action from among multiple authorization policies, the authorization policy indicating how performance of the requested action can be authorized; and extracting at least one rule and one or more authentication ticket requirements from the authorization policy. Example operations may further include: determining whether one or more authentication tickets have been validated in accordance with the at least one rule and/or the one or more authentication ticket requirements; and if so, authorizing performance of the requested action.
Claims typically go through a series of steps, for example:
- A User will go to a Web Site hosting a Resource that the user wants to access.
- The Web Site will send a scope to a User asking for Claims to authorize access.
- The User Agent should know, a priori, where to send the Claims for verification.
- The Verified Claims will be collected and forwarded to the Web Site.
- The Web Site will evaluate the Verified Claims and determine whether to authorize access to the resource.
- Optionally the Web Site will request additional claims to meet the needs to authorize access.
- In computer networking a variety of statements can be made by a user to acquire authorized access to a resource.
- The distinction as to Authentication, who a user is, versus Authorization, or what that user is permitted to do, is no longer helpful.
- NIST has recognized that there are multiple metrics for the quality of statements about a user in their third update to SP 800-63
- Claims can be highly detailed, do to data fields, or a collection of fields, like the User address, this can be overwhelming if presented for User Consent. Some protocols, like OpenID Connect provide for aggregated collections of claims that OpenID calls Scope.
- Walther W. Skeat, An Etyological Dication of the English Language. Oxford (1882)
- Nat Sakimura Scopes and Claims in OpenID Connect _URL_


Break axis in Makie
Hi, I am pretty new to Makie, but I am loving the package so far! Is it possible to have a broken y-axis in Makie? E.g. I want to plot:
xs1 = randn(10)
ys1 = randn(10)
xs2 = randn(10).+ 3
ys2 = randn(10).+ 10
fig = Figure()
ax = fig[1,1] = Axis(fig)
scatter!(ax, xs1, ys1)
scatter!(ax, xs2, ys2)
without resorting to a log scale and have the clusters on the same height. Any help would be much appreciated!
So I asked about this on the Makie Slack channel and apparently this is not implemented yet. However, Julius Krumbiegel suggested I try the following to manually implement what I want:
possible manually, yes, but there's no premade function for it. you would currently have to make two axes, plot the same thing in them, set limits how you want, hide the adjacent spines so it looks like one axis, then the only "tricky" thing is adding diagonal lines at the spine ends. this is best made dependent on the axis position, so that it stays correct
you can grab the ends of the spines from the lineaxis objects in ax.elements, they have an attribute called endpoints. grab the correct points and calculate your diagonals in figure space, then plot the lines into figure.scene
For anyone else who needs to implement this manually, here is the code. This does everything except add that "broken" y axis. I could not manage to implement those diagonal "broken axis indicator" lines. However, if you are in a pinch for time, just add them manually using Inkscape :slight_smile:
If anyone figures out how to add them, please reply to this topic.
using CairoMakie
xs1 = randn(10)
ys1 = randn(10)
xs2 = randn(10).+ 3
ys2 = randn(10).+ 10
fig = Figure();
ax1 = fig[1,1] = Axis(fig)
scatter!(ax1, [xs1; xs2], [ys1; ys2])
hideydecorations!(ax1, ticklabels=false)
ylims!(ax1, 8.5, 11.0)
ax1.yticks = 9:1:11
ax2 = fig[2,1] = Axis(fig)
scatter!(ax2, [xs1; xs2], [ys1; ys2])
hideydecorations!(ax2, ticklabels=false)
hidexdecorations!(ax2, ticklabels=false)
ylims!(ax2, 0.0, 2.5)
ax2.yticks = 0:1:2
rowsize!(fig.layout, 2, Relative(2/3))
rowgap!(fig.layout, 1, Relative(0.0))
Label(fig[:, 0], "Manually broken y", rotation=pi/2)
_USER_, you could draw a horizontal grey line where the axis is broken, with an annotation of the gap used. E.g., y = (2.5, 8.5)
it looks like your y-scale changes, say 0-1 versus 10-11, is that desired?
Yes, so the type of figure I was going for looks like this:
Do you mean a horizontal line spanning the entire figure? If so, yes that would be a programmatic way of indicating where it breaks, however it would not look as pretty as e.g. the matplotlib version (see here)
I mean that the distance between 0 and 1 and between 10 and 11, along the y axis, does not look the same. The distance between 0 and 1 looks bigger. The image you showed with the squiggly broken axis has the same metric near 0 and near 1. Some problem when creating your figure maybe?
Ah, now I see what you mean. Nope, that is not desired, but I suppose it could be fixed by just setting the y limits and the y ticks of both figures?
You could fix the relative scaling by giving both rows an Auto(ratio) size where ratio is the relative length of each axis. For the diagonal lines, you just need to do linesegments!(fig.scene, diagonal_points). The points you have to calculate given the endpoints of the axis lines, an angle that you like, and a line length that you like. You should calculate the points using lift(endpoints) do points... etc so that they update whenever the axis shifts.
Here's a possible implementation, although it uses some rather internal things:
f = Figure()
lims = Node(((0.0, 1.3), (7.6, 10.0)))
g = f[1, 1] = GridLayout()
ax_top = Axis(f[1, 1][1, 1], title = "Broken Y-Axis")
ax_bottom = Axis(f[1, 1][2, 1])
on(lims) do (bottom, top)
 ylims!(ax_bottom, bottom)
 ylims!(ax_top, top)
 rowsize!(g, 1, Auto(top[2] - top[1]))
 rowsize!(g, 2, Auto(bottom[2] - bottom[1]))
hidexdecorations!(ax_top, grid = false)
ax_top.bottomspinevisible = false
ax_bottom.topspinevisible = false
linkxaxes!(ax_top, ax_bottom)
rowgap!(g, 10)
angle = pi/8
linelength = 30
segments = lift(
 ) do p1, p2, p3, p4
 ps = Point2f0[p1, p2, p3, p4]
 map(ps) do p
 a = p + Point2f0(cos(angle), sin(angle)) * 0.5 * linelength
 b = p - Point2f0(cos(angle), sin(angle)) * 0.5 * linelength
 (a, b)
linesegments!(f.scene, segments)
scatter!(ax_top, randn(100, 2).* 0.5.+ 9)
scatter!(ax_bottom, randn(100, 2).* 0.2.+ 0.25)
 1. rescale data such that they fit into the same coordinate system.
 2. plot as you would
 3. re-annotate y-ticks
In your example, you have two chunks of data, share same x, but different ys, one from [0, 0.25], and one from [0.75, 1]. To set up common coordinate system, from [0, 0.5], where [0, 0.25] map to [0, 0.25], and [0.75, 1] map to [0.25, 0.5], this should be one simple broadcast. If you need log-scale, just do it.
i dont really know how to do the "//", but given it serves as attention grabbing marker, you could just plot some shaded region, depends on the determined coordinate system


Are osmotic potential and water potential the same?? If not what is the difference between them??
Yes, the osmotic and the water potential are same. There is no difference between them. The osmotic potential or the water potential of the solution is the ability of the water molecules to move from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution across the semi permeable membrane.
 - 1
What are you looking for?


text:
The Red-footed Booby bird is the smallest of the booby birds at 71 centimetres in length and a 137 centimetre wingspan. It has red legs and the bill and throat pouch are coloured pink and blue.
The Red-footed Booby bird has two plumage forms. The white phase is basically white with black on the flight feathers. The brown form is brown with a white belly rump and tail. Both forms may occur together, as in the breeding colony on St. Giles Island, Tobago. Few seabirds display such a variety of colour phases. Legs and feet are red and their beaks are pale blue. Below you can view a short video of the Red Footed Booby Bird.
The Red-footed Booby bird breeds on islands and coasts in tropical oceans. It winters at sea and is therefore rarely seen away from the breeding colonies.
The Red-footed Booby bird nests in large colonies, laying one chalky blue egg in a stick nest in a tree, which is incubated by both adults for 44 - 46 days. It may be 3 months before the young first fly and 5 months before they make extensive flights.
Red-footed Booby pairs may remain together over several seasons. They perform elaborate greeting rituals, including harsh squawks and the males display of his blue throat.
Young Red-footed Booby birds are wholly brown or blackish grey with a black beak, facial skin and grey legs. Immature have patchy underwings without a definite pattern, white back, mottled grey-brown head and red or brownish legs. Length: 66 - 77 centimetres (26 - 30 inches); wingspan: 91 - 101 centimetres (36 - 40 inches). The Red-footed Booby bird has an average life span of 22 years.
The Red-footed Boobies of the Galapagos Midway island are a white colour morph. Adult birds have white body and tail plumage. Upperwings have black primary and greater secondary coverts. About 444 pairs nest on Eastern Island.
The Red-footed Booby birds feed by diving vertically into the water and rarely within sight of land. They can dive up to 30 metres to pursue their prey. They feed primarily on flying fish and squid. They either feed on their own or within a mixed species flock. They search for their food anytime during the day and after dark. Red-footed Boobies are specialized in catching flying fish. They dive while skimming at the surface of the ocean and they do it far from shore. For that reason sometimes they need the whole day or even more in their fishing raids and their chicks have therefore to fast in the nest until their parents return with food.
Colonial in nature, the Red-footed Booby differs from the other Boobies by making their nests in small trees and shrubs. Colonies can be found on Tower, Culpepper, Wenman, Gardener-near Floreana, Pinta and Isla Pitt. They are rarely seen in areas other than where they breed. Eggs can be found throughout the year with colonies hatching at the same times.
The voice of the Red-footed Boobies is like that in the other booby birds. However both the whistle and the honk come accompanied by an inflexion that sounds like a grunt. Besides this, red boobies come in two different morphotypes; the brown and dominant and the white recessive. These morphotypes make them look very special in the sense of beauty. Is important to remember that in spite of the great apparent difference they show, both colours are from the exact species of Boobie. They are not different species.


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SettingsSavedEventArgs Class
Provides data for the ClientSettingsProvider.SettingsSaved event.
Namespace: System.Web.ClientServices.Providers
Assembly: System.Web.Extensions (in System.Web.Extensions.dll)
Public Class SettingsSavedEventArgs _
 Inherits EventArgs
The SettingsSavedEventArgs type exposes the following members.
Public methodSettingsSavedEventArgsInitializes a new instance of the SettingsSavedEventArgs class.
Public propertyFailedSettingsListGets the settings that the ClientSettingsProvider was unable to save to the server.
The ClientSettingsProvider.SettingsSaved event occurs after the settings provider accesses the settings service, even if the settings were not successfully saved. One reason that the provider might fail to save the settings is if the current user has been logged out. You can use the FailedSettingsList property to determine whether any settings were not successfully saved.
This event does not occur if the settings provider cannot access the settings service, which instead causes the provider to throw a WebException.
For more information about handling events, see Consuming Events.
The following example code demonstrates how to use this class to display a list of settings that were not successfully saved.
Private WithEvents settingsProvider As ClientSettingsProvider = My.Settings _
Private Sub Form1_SettingsSaved(ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As SettingsSavedEventArgs) _
 Handles settingsProvider.SettingsSaved
 'If any settings were not saved, display a list of them.
 If e.FailedSettingsList.Count > 0 Then
 Dim failedSettings As String = String.Join( _
 Environment.NewLine, e.FailedSettingsList.ToArray())
 Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{1}{2}", _
 "The following setting(s) were not saved:", _
 Environment.NewLine, failedSettings)
 MessageBox.Show(message, "Unable to save settings", _
 MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning)
 End If
End Sub
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4, 3.5
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
errors into standard formats, and stores formatted
information in an error log file on the system disk. (See
The Error Formatter allows you to send mail to the SYSTEM account or another user if the ERRFMT process encounters a fatal error and deletes itself. (See Section 20.3.3.)
|Error Log utility (ERROR LOG)||Invokes the Error Log Report Formatter (ERF), which selectively reports the contents of an error log file. You invoke ERROR LOG by entering the DCL command ANALYZE/ERROR_LOG. (See Section 20.4.2.)|
|DECevent||Selectively reports the contents of an event log file; you invoke DECevent by entering the DCL command DIAGNOSE. (See Section 20.5.) DECevent Version 2.9 and higher includes the Binary Error Log Translation utility.|
The executive routines and the Error Formatter (ERRFMT) process operate continuously without user intervention. The routines fill the error log buffers in memory with raw data on every detected error and event. When one of the available buffers becomes full, or when a time allotment expires, ERRFMT automatically writes the buffers to SYS$ERRORLOG:ERRLOG.SYS.
Sometimes a burst of errors can cause the buffer to fill up before ERRFMT can empty them. You can detect this condition by noting a skip in the error sequence number of the records reported in the error log reports. As soon as ERRFMT frees the buffer space, the executive routines resume preserving error information in the buffers.
The ERRFMT process displays an error message on the system console
terminal and stops itself if it encounters excessive errors while
writing the error log file. Section 20.3.1 explains how to restart the
20.3 Using the Error Formatter
The Error Formatter (ERRFMT) process is started automatically at boot time. The following sections explain how to perform these tasks:
|Restart the ERRFMT process, if necessary||Section 20.3.1|
|Maintain error log files||Section 20.3.2|
|Send mail if the ERRFMT process is deleted||Section 20.3.3|
$ _USER_$SYSTEM:STARTUP ERRFMT
If disk quotas are enabled on the system disk, ERRFMT starts only if UIC [1,4] has sufficient quotas.
Because the error log file, SYS$ERRORLOG:ERRLOG.SYS, is a shared file, ERRFMT can write new error log entries while the Error Log utility reads and reports on other entries in the same file.
ERRLOG.SYS increases in size and remains on the system disk until you explicitly rename or delete it. Therefore, devise a plan for regular maintenance of the error log file. One method is to rename ERRLOG.SYS on a daily basis. If you do this, the system creates a new error log file. You might, for example, rename the current copy of ERRLOG.SYS to ERRLOG.OLD every morning at 9:00. To free space on the system disk, you can then back up the renamed version of the error log file on a different volume and delete the file from the system disk.
Another method is to keep the error log file on a disk other than the system disk by defining the logical name SYS$ERRORLOG to be the device and directory where you want to keep error log files; for example:
$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXECUTIVE SYS$ERRORLOG DUA2:[ERRORLOG]
To define this logical name each time you start up the system, add the logical name definition to your SYLOGICALS.COM procedure. See Section 5.2.5 for details.
Be careful not to delete error log files inadvertently. You might also
want to adopt a file-naming convention that includes a beginning or
ending date for the data in the file name.
20.3.3 Using ERRFMT to Send Mail
You can define these logical names in one of two ways:


text:
Komplekis on karp, plaat ja manuaal.
Tegemist on kasutatud tootega!
Tutvuge piltide abil olevate vigadega (kui on) enne kui ostu sooritate.
Lisainfo (inglise keeles):
God of War: Chains of Olympus is a third-person single-player video game viewed from a fixed camera perspective. The player controls the character Kratos in combo-based combat, platforming, and puzzle game elements, and battles foes who primarily stem from Greek mythology, including cyclopes, Gorgons, satyrs, harpies, minotaurs, hoplites, and sphinxes. Morpheus beasts, shades, banshees, fireguards, fire sentries, Hyperion guards, and death knights were created specifically for the game. Platforming elements require the player to climb walls, jump across chasms, swing on ropes, and balance across beams to proceed through sections of the game. Some puzzles are simple, such as moving a box so that the player can use it as a jumping-off point to access a pathway unreachable with normal jumping, but others are more complex, such as finding several items across different areas of the game to unlock one door.


text:
Component-based development is a software engineering paradigm that can facilitate the construction of embedded systems and tackle its complexities. The modern embedded systems have more and more demanding requirements. One way to cope with such a versatile and growing set of requirements is to employ heterogeneous processing power, i.e., CPU–GPU architectures. The new CPU–GPU embedded boards deliver an increased performance but also introduce additional complexity and challenges. In this work, we address the component-to-hardware allocation for CPU–GPU embedded systems. The allocation for such systems is much complex due to the increased amount of GPU-related information. For example, while in traditional embedded systems the allocation mechanism may consider only the CPU memory usage of components to find an appropriate allocation scheme, in heterogeneous systems, the GPU memory usage needs also to be taken into account in the allocation process. This paper aims at decreasing the component-to-hardware allocation complexity by introducing a two-layer component-based architecture for heterogeneous embedded systems. The detailed CPU–GPU information of the system is abstracted at a high-layer by compacting connected components into single units that behave as regular components. The allocator, based on the compacted information received from the high-level layer, computes, with a decreased complexity, feasible allocation schemes. In the last part of the paper, the two-layer allocation method is evaluated using an existing embedded system demonstrator; namely, an underwater robot.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


text:
my reins and my heart
26:2 my reins and my heart. "Reins and heart" commonly are used as figures for the thoughts and emotions"; as representative the innermost being, just as the reins (that is kidneys) and heart are vital internal organs of the body. The word "reins" is an archaic term for "kidneys," and the Hebrew word is commonly translated "kidneys" when referring to the actual physical organ. See note on Psalm 7:9.