text:
Love and Money argues that we can't understand contemporary queer cultures without looking through the lens of social class. Resisting old divisions between culture and economy, identity and privilege, left and queer, recognition and redistribution, Love and Money offers supple approaches to capturing class experience and class form in and around queerness.
Contrary to familiar dismissals, not every queer television or movie character is like Will Truman on Will and Grace—rich, white, healthy, professional, detached from politics, community, and sex. Through ethnographic encounters with readers and cultural producers and such texts as Boys Don't Cry, Brokeback Mountain, By Hook or By Crook, and wedding announcements in the New York Times, Love and Money sees both queerness and class across a range of idioms and practices in everyday life. How, it asks, do readers of Dorothy Allison's novels use her work to find a queer class voice? How do gender and race broker queer class fantasy? How do independent filmmakers cross back and forth between industry and queer sectors, changing both places as they go and challenging queer ideas about bad commerce and bad taste?
With an eye to the nuances and harms of class difference in queerness and a wish to use culture to forge queer and class affinities, Love and Money returns class and its politics to the study of queer life.
1. The Class Character of Boys Don't Cry
2. Queer Visibility and Social Class
3. Every Queer Thing We Know
4. Recognition: Queers, Class, and Dorothy Allison
5. Queer Relay
6. Plausible Optimism
Conclusion: A Cultural Politics of Love and Solidarity
"In Love and Money Henderson attempts to look at contemporary queer cultures through the lens of social class. Henderson is critical of the distorted ways in which American media represents queer cultures and identity and seeks to study the difference that social class makes on queer subjectivity and representation."-Rohit K. Dasgupta,Transnational Cinemas
"Henderson's affective approach to the case history yields rich accounts of the resourceful survival strategies through which queer films and novels get made despite limited means. Exemplifying the values of love and solidarity that she finds in her cases, her critical practice offers innovative approaches to thinking queer and class together and fresh answers to longstanding questions about what it means to make art in a market economy."-Ann Cvetkovich,University of Texas, Austin
Throughout, Henderson grounds queer cultural criticism in the liminal movements and moments of everyday life, treating this criticism as art and understanding criticism as inside of, and a contributor to, cultural production. She also formulates a new kind of classed-queerness, one characterized by softness and slowness, of people trying hard to live and survive as best as they can. Summing Up: Highly recommended."-CHOICE
"It may be that the book is, at its core, an unusually intimate excavation of media-cultural experience. This much is evident in the carefully crafted prose and the frequent self-reflexive passages in which the author's various roles—as researcher, critic, fan, and consumer, but also as queer and classed subject—are laid more bare than is customary. Henderson reveals herself as voracious observer, situation her half-dozen primary objects in a jam-packed mediascape, where no one-off episode or festival favorite is too far off the mainstream radar. This is commendable, and invigorating, while the field tends to compartmentalize mainstream and experimental film and media as nonconversant tracks. Love and Money is also, irrefutably, hopeful. This may also be a suit that many of us are unaccustomed to wearing, especially as regards class politics at the current historical juncture. But in these pages, it might pay to try. It is, at least, as Henderson herself concludes, 'a place to start.'"-Cynthia Crisis,International Journal of Communication
"Drawn along disciplinary lines of queer theory, feminist theory, and critical cultural studies, Love and Money contributes vital scholarly debates over the emancipatory potential of cultural recognition versus economic redistribution. As a scholar of communication, Henderson adds valuable complexity to this discussion, highlighting the ways in which queer visibility depends on a class - race reduction mediated through tropes of bodily excess, disenfranchisement, and trauma. Through timely and profound analysis she weaves together disparate experiences and expressions from a variety of queer cultural texts to present a language of queer-class engagement that articulates the categories of race and gender while working to recenter class as a vital frame through which to understand the production of sexual difference." -Meg Rooney,QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking
"Love and Money is at once fiercely intellectual and full of heart, formidable and invitingly funny. In this series of essays, Lisa Henderson offers some of the sharpest, most imaginative analysis of queerness and social class out there, shaking up entrenched ideas about how the two are and should be related."-Joshua Gamson,University of San Francisco


text:
This lavishly illustrated volume describes the 1594 triumphal entry of Archduke Ernst of Austria into Belgium. The description was written by Jan Boch, the scholarly town clerk of Antwerp, and the images were engraved by Pieter van der Borcht. Van der Borcht is best known for his engraved depictions of boisterous peasant scenes, but he also had a career producing mythological scenes and recording historical events, as demonstrated here. This book was printed by Plantin Press, one of the great Dutch printing houses of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By the time the "Descriptio publicae gratulationis" was published, the firm was run by Christophe Plantin's widow, Jeanne Rivière, and his son-in-law and heir, Jan Moretus.
Illustrated: p. 113, "Schema Elephanti"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Creator: Cockpit Hill Factory
Context: This teapot was created in 1766 by a British manufacturer after the repeal of the Stamp Act by the British Parliament.
Audience: Americans celebrating the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Purpose: To increase the company's sales by appealing to the interests of American consumers.
Historical Significance: This teapot reveals the growth of a transatlantic consumer market during the years before the American Revolution. It also shows the shrewdness of British manufacturers who overlooked political interests in order to satisfy the desires of American consumers and generate sales.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Machine-SUIF Control Flow Graph Library
Release version
Glenn Holloway and Michael D. Smith
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Harvard University
The Machine-SUIF CFG library provides an abstraction of control flow graphs with nodes containing lists of machine instructions. Such a CFG can be used to replace the linear instruction-list representation of the body of a procedure being compiled. The library supports translation of the linear representation to and from CFG form, transformation of a CFG by adding, reconnecting, and removing nodes, and fine-grained control over individual program instructions within CFG nodes. It allows precise control of program layout, to ensure that re-linearization leaves instructions in the desired order.
The CFG library is lean by design. We have factored tools for control-flow and data-flow analysis into separate libraries, based on this one. Users can pick the functionality they need, and they can build other CFG-based tools without incurring overhead for features they don't need.
This document discusses the Machine-SUIF control flow graph (CFG) library. It discusses design goals, the interface to the library, implementation decisions, current status, and planned updates.
The Machine-SUIF CFG library presents an abstraction of control flow graphs built on the basic instr_list structure of the Machine-SUIF system. It allows you to build CFGs and to transform them by rearranging and reconnecting nodes. Machine SUIF provides companion libraries based on this one that support control-flow and data-flow analysis.
The CFG library consists of files in the cfg subdirectory of the machsuif distribution package. This document describes its design and use. It assumes that the reader is familiar with the SUIF and Machine-SUIF systems and has read the machine library documentation.
The following section discusses the development and research goals that drove the design of our CFG library. Section [->] describes our view of how the library will be used. Sections [->] through [->] describe the programming interface provided by the CFG library, and they provide some notes on its implementation.
Goals for the CFG Library
This section lists our goals for the CFG library.
The next section gives an overview of how we expect the library to be used.
One of the things that makes the control-flow graph such a useful compile-time abstraction is that it abstracts away from sequential code. It enables graph-based transformations and allows them to be expressed without reference to a linear code layout. By parceling a procedure's instruction list into basic blocks, we make it efficient to reorder the blocks without having to splice their instructions into a new linear order.
The question arises whether to manage the control instructions within a CFG so that at all times they correctly reflect some linear order. Take the code for a simple if... then... else... statement. Suppose the code generator has produced a conditional branch instruction to the else statement, and has place the then statement after the if test. The then code ends with a jump around the else statement to the join point. Breaking basic blocks after control instructions will put a jump at the end of the node for the then statement, and none at the end of that for the else statement, which just falls through. If a transformation now inverts the sense of the conditional branch and adjusts CFG flow edges accordingly in the CFG, what should be done to the instruction lists in the then and else nodes? The natural re-linearization algorithm would remove the jump from the end of the then node and insert one at the end of the else node. Should such jump adjustments be made every time the CFG changes?
For many kinds of optimization, this isn't important, either because they change no control flow at all, or because they are not concerned with the precise schedule of instructions. For these, it's fine to leave the selection of a final layout and the adjustment of jump instructions to the library method that re-linearizes the flow graph.
For other optimizations, like instruction scheduling and code placement, it's essential to know exactly what instructions will appear where, and in fact, to be able to control such decisions precisely.
The Machine-SUIF CFG library allows you to control the layout relationship between any pair of nodes, but it also allows you to leave the layout of part or all of a CFG unspecified. At the time two nodes become constrained to be adjacent in memory order, the library may remove or insert a trailing jump instruction to achieve consistency with this constraint. But in the absence of layout constraints, it doesn't insert or remove jumps as the graph is transformed.
To implement this policy efficiently, the library must have quick access to the control-transfer instruction (CTI), if any, in each node. It relies on there being at most one CTI, and it keeps a record of its position. As a client, you're free to modify any of the instructions in a block, but when you change the CTI, you're expected to call a library method to reflect the change. [The library doesn't assume that CTI instruction, will be the last in the node; that would make it difficult, for example, to support scheduling for delayed-branch architectures by placing instructions after the control instruction of a block. The library doesn't provide full support for such architectures; e.g., when building a CFG, it always breaks basic blocks at control transfer instructions. Completing the support for target code with delay slots following branch instructions would require subclassing to perform the necessary construction-time adjustments.] Common operations on nodes, such as replacing one of its control successors, update the CTI directly, without requiring the programmer to make changes at both the graph level and the instruction level.
We have tried to keep the CFG library, and particularly its class interfaces, lean. Though Machine SUIF provides flow analysis libraries based on our CFG abstraction, users may want to write their own. We've tried to make it easy to do so.
Class Cfg
The two main classes used in the CFG library are Cfg and CfgNode. A Cfg represents an entire control flow graph for a procedure. The nodes within a Cfg have class CfgNode. The functions operating on class Cfg handle the graph overall: graph expansion and simplification, graph validation and printing, and the enumeration of nodes and edges. Those operating on CfgNode are about managing a node's relations with its control and layout neighbors and out keeping its code consistent with those relations.
CFG construction
To create a CFG or to normalize the form of an existing CFG, use the following functions:
= (U->)
Cfg* new_cfg(InstrList*, bool keep_layout = false,
 bool break_at_call = false,
 bool break_at_instr = false);
void canonicalize(Cfg*, bool keep_layout = false,
 bool break_at_call = false,
 bool break_at_instr = false);
void remove_layout_info(Cfg*);
void fix_layout(Cfg*);
Creation function new_cfg parses a linear list of instructions into basic blocks. There are options for determining precisely what constitutes a basic block and whether the original linear layout of the instructions should be reflected by initial layout constraints. Given an existing CFG, you may want to ensure that it has the same form as if built from scratch with a given option set. The canonicalize function serves this purpose.
Each of the flags keep_layout, break_at_call, and break_at_instr is optional. When keep_layout is true, the CFG gets node-layout constraints reflecting the program's initial linear layout. When break_at_call is true, each procedure-call instruction is treated as a CTI, so that it terminates the CFG node that contains it. break_at_instr means that each node of the graph contains only one instruction.
The remove_layout_info function clears all layout constraints in a given graph.
The fix_layout function, on the other hand, imposes layout constraints wherever they don't already exist. In some cases, it inserts additional insert unconditional branch instructions. That happens when a potential fall-through edge in the CFG cannot actually be realized by fall-through because of a conflicting layout constraint. Likewise, fix_layout may eliminate an unconditional branch if it turns out to be equivalent to fall-through in the newly-imposed layout.
CFG inspection
= (U->) [D->]
CfgNode* get_node(Cfg*, int pos);
CfgNode* get_node(Cfg*, CfgNodeHandle);
CfgNode* node_at(Cfg*, LabelSym*);
int nodes_size(Cfg*);
CfgNodeHandle nodes_start(Cfg*);
CfgNodeHandle nodes_last(Cfg*);
CfgNodeHandle nodes_end(Cfg*);
CfgNode* get_entry_node(Cfg*);
CfgNode* get_exit_node(Cfg*);
void set_entry_node(Cfg*, CfgNode*);
void set_exit_node(Cfg*, CfgNode*);
Their capsule summaries:
get_node(cfg, pos) returns the node at pos in cfg's node list, where pos is a position in the list (either a zero-based integer or a handle).
get_node(cfg, label) returns the node of cfg at label.
nodes_size(cfg) returns the number of nodes in cfg.
nodes_start(cfg) returns a handle on the first element of cfg.
nodes_last(cfg) returns a handle on the last element of cfg.
nodes_end(cfg) returns the sentinel handle for cfg.
get_entry_node(cfg) returns cfg's entry node.
get_exit_node(cfg) returns cfg's exit node.
set_entry_node(cfg, entry) sets cfg's entry node to entry.
set_exit_node(cfg, exit) sets cfg's exit node to exit.
Type CfgNodeHandle is an abbreviation for an STL iterator.
= (U->)
typedef list::iterator CfgNodeHandle;
The nodes_ functions are so named because the sequence of node pointers in a Cfg is called nodes. These functions are frequently used; since a Cfg


text:
Farrell, Mary Eileen and Bishop, Marilyn F and Kumar, N and Lawrence, WE (1990) Theory of the effects of destruction of localization by inelastic scattering in the resistivity of pure thin potassium wires. In: Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 42 (6). pp. 3260-3270.
Theory.pdf - Published Version
Restricted to Registered users only
Download (2079Kb) | Request a copy
Measurements of the electrical resistivity of thin potassium wires at temperatures near 1 K have revealed a minimum in the resistivity as a function of temperature. By proposing that the electrons in these wires have undergone localization, albeit with large localization length, and that inelastic-scattering events destroy the coherence of that state, we can explain both the magnitude and shape of the temperature-dependent resistivity data. Localization of electrons in these wires is to be expected because, due to the high purity of the potassium, the elastic mean free path is comparable to the diameters of the thinnest samples, making the Thouless length lT (or inelastic diffusion length) much larger than the diameter, so that the wire is effectively one dimensional. The inelastic events effectively break the wire into a series of localized segments, whose resistances can be added to obtain the total resistance of the wire. The ensemble-averaged resistance for all possible segmented wires, weighted with a Poisson distribution of inelastic-scattering lengths along the wire, yields a length dependence for the resistance that is proportional to [L3/lin(T)], provided that lin(T)?L, where L is the sample length and lin(T) is some effective temperature-dependent one-dimensional inelastic-scattering length. A more sophisticated approach using a Poisson distribution in inelastic-scattering times, which takes into account the diffusive motion of the electrons along the wire through the Thouless length, yields a lengthand temperature-dependent resistivity proportional to (L/lT)4 under appropriate conditions. Inelastic-scattering lifetimes are inferred from the temperature-dependent bulk resistivities (i.e., those of thicker, effectively three-dimensional samples), assuming that a minimum amount of energy must be exchanged for a collision to be effective in destroying the phase coherence of the localized state. If the dominant inelastic mechanism is electron-electron scattering, then our result, given the appropriate choice of the channel number parameter, is consistent with the data. If electron-phason scattering were of comparable importance, then our results would remain consistent. However, the inelastic-scattering lifetime inferred from bulk resistivity data is too short. This is because the electron-phason mechanism dominates in the inelastic-scattering rate, although the two mechanisms may be of comparable importance for the bulk resistivity. Possible reasons why the electron-phason mechanism might be less effective in thin wires than in bulk are discussed.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to The American Physical Society.|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Physical & Mathematical Sciences > Physics|
|Date Deposited:||11 Jan 2011 07:32|
|Last Modified:||11 Jan 2011 07:32|
Actions (login required)


Sign up ×
How do I say "all the usual..." in Chinese, for example."
"At my school we play all the usual school sports."
"The pharmacy had all the usual junk."
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Correct me if I'm wrong, but 'all the usual' in English has a certain nuance that seems to me slightly different from 一般的 or 普通的. That's because 'all the usual' doesn't mean 'all the ordinary' or 'all the general', etc; it means all the xxx that usually occur or are usually found in a particular situation.
For instance, 'all the usual suspects' means 'all the people we usually suspect'. This seems slightly different from 'all the ordinary suspects'. 'An ordinary suspect' is a suspect who is not out of the ordinary; 'a usual suspect' is a person who you usually suspect. If you wanted to say 'We rounded up all the usual suspects', surely 我们围捕了所有一般的涉嫌人 would not work here.
Note that you can speak of 'an ordinary person' but not a 'usual person' -- 'a usual person' doesn't make any sense. 'All the usual people' means 'all the people you would expect', not 'all the ordinary or common people'.
For that reason, I would look at different ways of translating this from 一般的 or 普通的. This could differ from situation to situation. One expression that comes to mind is 常見的.
For 'all the usual', Jukuu gives expressions like the following: 所有通用, 所有一般, 通常的, 通常表现出来的所有, (用尽)司空见惯的, 全是老一套, 日常的, 通常具有的所有, 所有的常客, 尽人皆知的, 平常所有的, 普通...通常具有的, 都有通常的, 各种常见的. While a lot of these sound like translationese, it seems to me that they are trying to express the requisite nuance of 'usually occurring', rather than just 'ordinary' or 'common'.
share|improve this answer
yes.. "the usual suspects" is a good example.. it doesn't mean "the mundane suspects" – jsj Mar 10 '12 at 12:51
If you want to emphasise the 'all' (and so you want to keep the 都/全):
The 'all' and 'the usual X' are normally treated separately [rather than both being stacked adjectives in English], and are usually structured as follows:
[一般的、普通的] [X] [都/全].
A casual glance might be misleading though, because 都/全 is acting as an adverb before the verb here, and so is generally followed directly by the verb. Hence you might have the subject of the verb being inserted before [都/全], depending on the sense of the sentence (especially when X is actually the object in the sentence).
[一般的、普通的] [X] [SUBJECT] [都/全] [VERB]
Otherwise, where "all the usual" is exactly the same as "the usual", the 全/都 is dropped, resulting in just the adjective coming before [X].
share|improve this answer
Great answer, Michaelyus. Welcome! – Jon Feb 29 '12 at 4:07
share|improve this answer
Can you improve your answer by adding some content about why you propose this? – Alenanno Feb 25 '12 at 0:28
Your Answer


you're reading...
Nutrition, Science
Exploding Milk Bottles! When Ice and Dairy collide…
Sub-zero temperatures can be hazardous. If frostbite, hypothermia and road accidents weren't bad enough; now our milk bottles are exploding!
In a previous post, Ruth wanted to know the answer to her milk bottle saga:
Sweet-tasting cream erupting from a bottle of milk!
"My milk was frozen this morning so that the cream erupted out of the bottle in a column. I see why that happened but why did this bit of cream taste really sweet?"
After promising to investigate and learning about the science behind a simple bottle of milk, it seems Ruth has discovered an ingenious way to get naturally sweet cream…
What happens when you freeze milk?
Milk is mostly water, so when it turns into ice (at about -0.5 degrees C) it expands as it freezes. So if the bottle is pretty full then an eruption is likely…
Water expands by about 10% when it freezes, which is why frozen pipes tend to burst!
Milk isn't just water though; it contains fats, proteins and sugar (lactose). If you've ever made an olive oil salad dressing, then you will know that fats (oil) and water don't like to mix. It is the same with the milk fats: They help to give milk its nice white colour and they are dissolved, but only just. If you freeze milk slowly, then as the water turns to ice the fats 'condense' out and rise to the top as cream.
Fat is suspended in milk as microscopic globules. When milk freezes slowly, the globules come together as cream
So why did Ruth's cream taste so sweet?
Why does frozen cream taste sweet?
Ruth's main question had me stumped: milk contains sugar (called lactose) but why would the cream taste particularly sweet? Well, I eventually found the answer in a 1935 research paper where researchers in Washington, USA devoted months of research to what finding out all the different things that happen to milk when you freeze it!
Those of you who have sugar in your tea will testify: sugar mixes and dissolves well in water with a bit of a stir. The sugar in milk (lactose) is a bit different, and doesn't dissolve in water as well.
Lactose (milk sugar): Looks like normal sugar but doesn't dissolve well
So, in the same way cream separates from milk when freezing, so does the sugar. The researchers found that cream from frozen milk had sucked up lots of lactose from the milk and so tasted sweet!
Is it safe to freeze milk?
If you forego the risks associated with potentially exploding milk bottles, drinking milk that has been frozen is perfectly safe. If you fancy stock-piling a few bottles of milk for a rainy day, then freezing is good way of stopping it going off. If you freeze it quickly, it is less likely to separate. But when it is defrosted, a good shake will mix the cream and the liquid back together again, giving you the perfect accompaniment to your morning Cheerios!
Another danger of milk delivered to your front door
Read More:
Advice on freezing milk from the Food Standards Agency
Guidance on storing and freezing breast milk
Read all about the Chemistry and Physics of Milk!
Web, BH and Hall, SA. (1935) Some Physical Effects of Freezing upon Milk and Cream. Journal of Dairy Science Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages 275-286
About Stuart Farrimond
5 thoughts on "Exploding Milk Bottles! When Ice and Dairy collide…
 1. Thanks Dr Stu,
 I was thinking is this a way to make lactose free milk for people who are lactose intolerant? Happy Christmas. Ruthie
 Posted by Ruth Behan | December 23, 2010, 12:09 pm
 - It could be… but it probably wouldn't get rid of all the lactose. You can buy lactose-free dairy milk. They get rid of the lactose by adding an enzyme to break it down into simple sugar. The enzyme they add is the same one that is missing in people who are lactose intollerant (lactase) – so it should have exactly the same nutritional benefits as normal milk (Apparently, it makes the milk taste a bit sweeter).
 Posted by Stuart Farrimond | December 29, 2010, 10:50 am
 2. Dr Stu，
 Could you please tell me if these's any sucrose and fructose in milk？Thanks a lot
 Posted by NanZhang | October 31, 2012, 9:16 am
 - Hi there – thanks for the question.
 In a word, no.
 The main sugar in milk is lactose. There are minute traces of other sugars (e.g. glucose). Fructose comes from plants (fruits and vegetables). Sucrose is present in fruit and vegetables, but is principally isolated from sugar cane and sugar beets.
 Lactose is actually a disaccharide – meaning it is made of two, more basic, sugars. When digested, it is broken down into glucose and galactose.
 Hope that answers your question!
 Posted by Stuart Farrimond | October 31, 2012, 6:53 pm
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s
Buy My Book!
About Dr Stu
See Dr Stu's LinkedIn Profile Follow realdoctorstu on Twitter
Join 1,116 other followers
Brag Tags
SPARKies finalist
Wellcome Trust 2011
My site was nominated for Best Education Blog!
Latest Tweets (_USER_)
Got a Question?
. Get it Answered Here!
See the website terms and conditions here.
%d bloggers like this:


What Is the First Star That Appears at Night?
By Staff WriterLast Updated Mar 27, 2020 12:52:23 PM ET
The first star that appears at night depends on whether the viewer is in the Northern or Southern hemisphere and the time of year. One star that might be the first to appear at night during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere is Sirius.
Sirius is a blue or blue-white star that appears to be the brightest star in the sky. In reality, many stars are brighter than Sirius, but it appears to be so bright because it's closer to the Earth. It is only 8.6 light-years away.
Sirius is in the southern sky beneath the constellation Orion, which is one of the easiest constellations to find.


text:
Index Organized Table (IOT) Enhancements In Oracle 9i
The Index Organized Table (IOT) concept has matured in Oracle 9i to the point where the differences between IOTs and Heap Organized Tables (HOT) are less than the similarities.
Like indexes, IOTs are subject to inserts, deletes, block splits and coalesces, all of which affect the rowid. This means a standard rowid cannot always be used to retrieve an IOT record from a secondary index. For this reason secondary indexes on IOTs use a logical rowid which is made up of the original rowid and the primary key of the row. When a secondary index is referenced the rowid is used to find the block. If the block is not present at that disk address the primary key is used to find the block. This initial rowid access is know as a guess, since the block may not be at its origninal disk address anymore. Physical movements of the row do not affect the logical rowid, so long as the primary key is not updated.
With time the percentage of hits using the guess rowid will drop. When the hitrate gets sufficiently low the index should
be dropped and recreated to refesh the guess rowids. The guess hitrate can be monitored using the
SELECT index_name, index_type, pct_direct_access FROM user_indexes WHERE pct_direct_access IS NOT NULL;
Bitmap Secondary Indexes
A bitmap index contains a series of bitmaps that represent row locations corresponding to each key value. The bitmap can locate the row because it assumes the rows are contiguous within the block. Since this is not the case in IOTs Oracle 8i did not allow secondary bitmap indexes on IOTs.
Oracle 9i removes this restriction by introducing a mapping table which literally maps the bit position to the row
location within the IOT. The mapping table is created as part of the
CREATE TABLE statement.
CREATE TABLE countries ( country_id CHAR(2) CONSTRAINT country_id_nn NOT NULL, country_name VARCHAR2(40), currency_name VARCHAR2(25), currency_symbol VARCHAR2(3), region VARCHAR2(15), CONSTRAINT country_c_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (country_id) ) ORGANIZATION INDEX MAPPING TABLE TABLESPACE tbs_1;
Maintenance of the mapping tables causes a performance overhead so they should only be created for IOTs that need to support secondary bitmap indexes. A single mapping table can support multiple bitmap indexes on the same table.
COALESCEof secondary indexes. The base IOT is no longer locked during these DDL operations.
- Parallel DML on IOTs.
MOVEof IOTs with overflow segments. In Oracel 8i an online move was only possible if all data was stored inline.
For more information see:
Hope this helps. Regards Tim...


PerCycleValue Function
Processes the input vector measuring Minimum, Maximum, Mean, Peak-to-Peak, or the RMS value of the input vector during time intervals generated by the timing vector. The returned vector contains the measured value of the input vector, such as the Mean value, plotted against the timing vector x-axis value, for example, time. The return vector is either "stepped" or smooth. A stepped return vector will have vertical discontinuities at the beginning and end of timing vector period. A smooth return vector will have a single data point per input vector period, located at the mid-point of the input vector period.
Argument 4 specifies the output curve type with the default being "stepped". The stepped return vector will change value only at the edges detected in the input vector. The value will be constant during the entire period. A smooth input vector will have a single data point at the mid-point of the input vector period. The points will be connected resulting in a smooth curve from one period to the next.
Argument 5 specifies edge direction. If set to 0 either direction will be accepted. If set to 1 only positive edges will be detected and if set to -1 only negative edges will be detected. This argument is only used for the period and frequency measurements. All other measurements will be processed with the Direction argument set to 1, indicating positive edges.
Number Type Compulsory Default Description
1 real array Yes Input vector
2 real array Yes Input vector
3 string Yes Measurement to make
4 string No stepped Type of return curve
5 real No 1 Direction
Argument 1
The vector to measure the Minimum, Maximum, Mean, Peak-to-Peak, or the RMS values for. The function finds the timing periods based on the timing vector passed as the second argument.
Argument 2
The vector to determine the period information for the vector input in the first argument. It is expected that the vector input to the first argument will contain noise which precludes using the first argument for any timing measurements. to fail. For this reason, the function finds the edges from this vector using a threshold of???MATH???\frac{maximum+minimum}{2}???MATH???. For this reason, it is important that the vector have a uniform amplitude and is noise-free around the trigger threshold.
It is possible that the input vector is free of noise, in which case the same vector could be input to both the first and second function arguments. An example of this would be the output of a gate which has well-defined transitions and uniform maximum and minimum amplitudes.
Argument 3
A pre-defined measurement function to make, one of:
 - minimum
 - maximum
 - mean
 - peak-to-peak
 - rms
Argument 4
Determines the type of return curve, one of:
 - stepped
 - smooth
Argument 5
Determines the edges used to process the timing vector, one of:
 - -1: Falling edges
 - 1 : Rising edges
 - 0 : Both Rising and Falling Edges
Return type: real array
A real vector of the measured values from the input vector, with reference values taken from the timing vector according to the fourth argument. The return vector is formatted to be plotted directly on the waveform viewer.
A call to:
PerCycleValue( :Vout, :Clk,'mean' )
will generate a vector which, when plotted on the waveform viewer appears like:


text:
The Lost City in the Catalinas
The Nine Mile City is found again
Hidden deep within the majestic Santa Catalina mountains, north of Tucson, Arizona are ancient ruins that may be linked to the legends of the mine with the iron door and the lost city.
The site is near the Cañada del Oro in an extremely remote area of the Catalinas.
The remains of nearly a half dozen stone constructed buildings are scattered in an area that is suspected to be connected with the famous legend of the Iron Door Mine.
Nearby, extensive mining activities have been conducted for hundreds of years.
Evidence of mining shafts, tunnels and early human activity have been founded and documented. The U.S. Forest Service retains these items.
The legend tied to the lost city, and the nearby mines involves the Spanish missionaries in the early 1700s.
According to the legends, the Spanish forced the local natives to work the gold mines until the expulsion of the Jesuit missionaries in 1767. The location of the mine and community became lost.
The Nine Mile City of The Santa Catarinas ("Nueva Mia Ciudad") was reportedly rediscovered by two men in an article published in the Arizona Weekly Star on March 4, 1880.
The prospectors said they came to the area "on January 10, 1880 for the express purpose of exploring the mountains for the NuevaMia Ciudad and the mine with the iron door." Actually, milla is Spanish for mile.
The newspaper article described their journey into the Cañada del Oro in search of the mysterious ruins and lost gold mine of the Spaniards.
An article in the February 17, 1891 edition of the Tombstone Prospector reported a recent "New Discovery." It was one of the earliest mentions of a lost city and a mine with an iron door.
21st Century Expedition to the Lost City
The next expedition to the Lost City and Iron Door Mine is planned for October 2011.
A film documentary is planned with more details of the remnants left behind. The Lost City/Lost Mine expedition is headed by Flint Carter who rediscovered the ruins and lost mine in the 1980s. Carter has held several mining claims in the area.
Carter hopes to establish a link between these structures and the first building of one of the San Xavier mission stone houses for the missionaries. Carter also wants to compare the structures to a building at the edge of the Catalinas that once served as a stage depot and possible mission in earlier times.
Lost City Links
2. "Lost Mines of Arizona and Sonora" Arizona Silver Belt, Globe City, Arizona, December 3, 1892, image 1 _URL_


text:
Purchase this article with an account.
Masayuki Inuzuka, Akira Sawada, Hiroko Inuzuka, Tetsuya Yamamoto; Annual rates of change of mRNFL, mGCIPL, and cpRNFL in various stages of glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019;60(9):5526. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:
© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
To explore changes in the macula retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) in mild, moderate, and severe stages of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
We retrospectively examined 218 NTG eyes assigned to age-, refraction-, and intraocular pressure (IOP)-matched groups based on initial mean deviation (MD; Humphrey Field Analyzer program Central 30-2): mild (MD > -6 dB), moderate (-6 dB ≧ MD ≧-12 dB), and severe (-12 dB > MD >-20 dB). and calculated annual rates of change in mRNFL, mGCIPL, and cpRNFL thickness. Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis.
There were no significant differences among the stages in terms of age, spherical equivalent refraction, or average IOP during the 6-year follow-up period. There were significant initial differences in mGCIPL, cpRNFL, and mRNFL among the three groups (P < 0.0001 in all 6 sectors, except for mRNFL in the superonasal sector). There were no significant differences in the rate of change for the mRNFL and mGCIPL among the groups in any of the 6 sectors. However, there was a significant difference in the rate of change of the cpRNFL among the groups (in all sectors: P < 0.0001).
Changes in the mRNFL and mGCIPL can reflect progression of NTG even in its advanced stage (MD >-20 dB). However, the implication of such changes in the cpRNFL may be less clear due to a floor effect in the advanced stage of glaucoma (MD >-20 dB).
This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only


text:
By Joe Vietri
Although equity is an increasingly common form of total workplace compensation, many employees do not realize its full value.
In fact, in a recent Schwab survey of 1,000 residents in the San Francisco Bay Area, one third said they receive equity as part of their overall workplace compensation.
Yet fewer than half believe it will make them wealthy, and nearly 70 percent say they would cash out either some or all of their equity compensation as soon as it becomes liquid, suggesting that many are not thinking about equity compensation as part of a longer-term wealth plan.
Misconceptions about equity compensation
There are a number of misconceptions around equity compensation, and there's a clear need for more education. As an employer, you are well-positioned to educate employees about how equity compensation works and the valuable role it can play in helping employees accumulate wealth over the long term.
Here are some considerations you can communicate to your employees when it comes to equity compensation:
1. Start with a plan
Successful wealth management strategies usually begin with a comprehensive financial plan. This process involves understanding risk tolerance, setting financial goals and creating a roadmap to achieve those goals through saving and investing.
In the context of broader shortand long-term financial goals, employees will be better prepared to analyze the role that equity compensation should play in helping reach those goals.
2. Know the triggers
There are different scenarios or triggers when it may or may not make sense to sell or hold company stock once it vests. For example, one may want to sell some company stock or exercise options based on when the price of the underlying stock reaches a certain value or when there is a vesting event.
Financial consultants can work with clients to make a basic decision flow chart of if/then statements to help them make more informed decisions and take the right actions. When those types of triggers occur, this pre-planning can make it easier to determine what course of action makes the most sense.
3. Understand the tax implications
It's a good reminder that people should consult with a tax professional to make sure they understand the tax implications when it comes to different kinds of equity compensation. This can be complicated, and people should ask questions to ensure they're making informed decisions.
4. Think about equity compensation as part of a broader wealth portfolio
Employees should think about equity compensation as part of an overall financial plan and as a component of a broader investment portfolio. If employer stock represents more than 20 percent of an overall equity portfolio, it might make sense to reduce the allocation and diversify the portfolio.
For example, if the value of the employer stock increases, an employee could sell stock or exercise some options and sell the stock to get back to an appropriate target portfolio allocation.
Establishing an exercise strategy can be challenging, and working with a professional can help an individual make decisions that both minimize the tax liabilities and maximize the benefits in order to build wealth and stay on track toward longer-term financial goals.
Equity compensation is a valuable component of a total workplace compensation package, and it makes sense for you to help your employees fully realize this important benefit.
Joe Vietri has been with Charles Schwab for more than 20 years. In his current role, he leads Schwab's branch network, managing more than 2,000 employees in more than 300 branches throughout the country.


In which of the following types of plants are root nodules commonly found?
Options :
 1. leguminous plants
 2. parasitic plants
 3. epiphytic plants
 4. aquatic plants
Answer and Explanation :-
Answer: Option 1
Previous Question : Among the following marine creatures, which one is not a true fish?
Next Question : Which of the following terms is used for the branch of agriculture that deals with the care and bree...
Click here for online test on General Science
 (Getemail alerts when others member replies)
Do not sabotage your new relationship with your last relationship's poison.


text:
ANH Exclusive! Official EU data indicate lightning more likely to kill than herbs or vitamins
Save the pictures within this news item to your computer so that you can spread them yourself via Twitter, Facebook and other social media networks.
Following ANH-Intl's release last month of UK data on some key causes of death, we're now in a position to release data sourced from across Europe. These data, drawn from official European Union (EU) sources, reveals once more that natural health products are among the safest things we put into our bodies – confirming the UK data. The new figures show that EU hospitals are not only hundreds of thousands of times more likely to cause death than natural health products – they are twice as deadly as either cancer or smoking. So why are natural products under threat for 'posing a risk to public safety'?
Casting the net wider
Just a few short weeks ago, we brought you exclusive data proving what natural health advocates have said all along: that products associated with natural forms of health management are among the safest substances that human beings put into their bodies. Compelling as they were, however, those data were for the UK only. Now we cast the net wider and bring you a comparable analysis using EU-wide data. And the new information paints a picture that is just as stark.
Figure 1. EU relative risks of death bubble chart (click on image to open as a PDF, or save to your computer)
Figure 2. EU relative risks of death bar graph (click on image to open as a PDF, or save to your computer)
Exactly as with the UK data, the EU figures display the relative risks of death to an individual for a range of activities. A larger bubble on the bubble chart (Figure 1) represents a proportionately larger risk of death, as does a longer bar on the bar graph (Figure 2). Risk of death from food supplements has been assigned a value of 1 to allow calculation of the relative risk from other sources.
The same clarifications apply here as to the UK data. The data only include risk of death from acute causes, and not from chronic, long-term exposure to any of the substances or activities we investigated. Also, the charts don't include any data on adverse events that do not lead to death, i.e. sublethal acute effects. Where possible, all data are taken from official EU sources.
The data were collated and presented by Ron Law, an independent New Zealand-based risk management consultant.
Key points and comparison with UK data
EU relative risk of death data
UK relative risk of death data
Preventable medical injury in EU hospitals poses the greatest risk of death to EU citizens – some 351,220 times the risk of consuming food supplements, and 206,600 times the risk posed by herbal medicines
Preventable medical injury picked up during a stay in a UK hospital is 293,006 more likely to kill a UK citizen than taking a food supplement
EU-wide, the risk of death from both smoking and cancer is around 173,000 times that of taking food supplements. Therefore, a hospital visit is over twice as likely as either smoking or cancer to take the life of an EU citizen
Smoking is the riskiest activity for UK citizens, at 797,940 times the risk of taking a food supplement
EU citizens taking pharmaceutical drugs run a risk of death from side effects that is 123,125 greater than the mortality risk experienced through taking a food supplement. Comparing pharmaceuticals with herbal medicines, meanwhile, the relative risk of death is multiplied 72,426 times
The risk of death from pharmaceutical drugs in the UK is 62,000 times that of taking food supplements
Food supplements and herbal medicines are 'supersafe', with a risk of death below 1 in 10 million EU-wide
Food supplements and herbal medicines are 'supersafe', with a risk of death below 1 in 10 million in the UK
Preventable medical injuries in EU hospitals are in the 'dangerous' category of risk, i.e. a greater than 1 in 1,000 chance of death. Also in this category are adverse pharmaceutical drug reactions, smoking, cancer, illicit drug use and overweight/obesity
Preventable medical injuries in UK hospitals are in the 'dangerous' category of risk, i.e. a greater than 1 in 1,000 chance of death. The only activities with a similar level of risk are active military service in Iraq or Afghanistan and smoking
In the EU, pharmaceutical adverse drug reactions pose double the risk of death compared with lung cancer
Someone having a motorcycle accident in the UK is around half as likely to die as someone who has an adverse reaction to a pharmaceutical drug
The closest comparisons with food supplements or herbal medicines, in terms of risk of death in the EU, are with lightning strikes and passengers who experience railway or aeroplane accidents. However, they are still 26–68 times more likely to result in death than taking food supplements
UK residents are about as likely to be hit by lightning or to be killed on the London Underground than to die from taking herbal remedies or dietary supplements
A blatant lie
These figures emphasise once again that the public safety-based justification given by European regulators and governments for increasingly restrictive legislation on ingredients and health claims for natural products is hollow.
If the authorities were genuinely interested in public safety, they would be promoting natural healthcare for all it's worth, while clamping down on the many dubious aspects of mainstream medicine – starting with its over-reliance on poorly tested, unnecessary and dangerous pharmaceutical drugs that are greatly over-prescribed to the over-50s at risk of chronic diseases. Taking a long, hard look at how healthcare within hospitals is handled would also make the public a lot safer, but it's difficult to see how this can be significantly achieved without a root-and-branch overhaul of the medical systems within which those hospitals operate.
As with so many things, the first step toward change is for enough people to realise that change is needed. In this case, once the 'public safety' fiction that has been built up around natural healthcare is widely exposed, it will become impossible to maintain. Help us get the truth out there!
Call to action
- The most important thing with this information is to get the word out! Please share the charts and data sources on Facebook, Twitter and other social media, and email them to all your contacts – especially those in all corners of Europe! We can't emphasise this enough: when enough people know the truth, it will become very difficult – if not impossible – for governments, regulators and others to tighten the screws on natural healthcare through the usual justification of 'it's a danger to public health'
- Both our UK and EU data sets show clearly that the last place you ever want to end up is in hospital. The best way to do this is to take responsibility for your own health and keep yourself healthy! Check our Food4Health campaign for some ideas on healthy eating and lifestyles


On this episode of Tackling Tech Podcast, powered by Dyknow, Brett McGrath talks with his first international guest, Misha Feigenson, co-founder of Thinking Cap Innovations. After having kids, Misha developed a curiosity in app development, white noise, and voice-learning. He is passionate about screen-free, touch-free progressive learning, especially as a way of teaching math and language.
Listen to Episode 34:
Available wherever you listen to podcasts:
Listen on Apple Podcasts
Listen on Overcast
Listen on Google Podcasts
Listen on Spotify Podcasts
Listen on Pocket Casts
Misha's Journey from Physicist to Voice Learning Innovator
Seven years ago, Misha Feigenson left his long career as a physicist to pursue new opportunities on his own. After having just had his first child and getting an iPhone, Misha quickly learned the power of white noise and its soothing effects on children. This sparked Misha's journey into exploring voice and noise innovations.
is first innovation was creating a white noise app to help his son sleep better and to help parents everywhere overcome similar challenges. When his son got older and started the first grade, he noticed that his son was struggling with math, so Misha began asking himself how he could innovate a way to use technology to help his son.
They had just gotten an Alexa device in their home, and Misha was fascinated by the ways his children interacted with the device. He also was fascinated that they were talking to Alexa while playing and doing other activities.
He shared a few of these observations:
1. Often times homework/learning time and playtime are in competition with each other – but it does not necessarily have to be this way.
2. Children talk to the Alexa device as if they are talking to a real person, and not a machine.
3. Audio devices like Alexa don't have a screen, eliminating the negative effects of screen time while still being an effective way to learn.
The Inspiration for Voice Learning
These observations paired with Misha's passion for innovating led him to create Thinking Cap Innovations, creating an Alexa-based teaching assistant to leverage voice learning in the classroom. When he started this project, talked to about 20 teachers and asked them how they were using technology in the classroom. The most common thing he heard teachers say was that "they hate computers in the classroom".
Misha explained that it was amazing to hear teachers realizing how distracting screens can be in the classroom and the potential for this to take time away from instruction. So, he focused on finding a way to leverage voice learning so that teachers could use technology without necessarily having to use screens.
How Schools are using Voice Learning
Misha began by offering the program to schools that needed support for students with learning disabilities and visually impaired students. He explained that the response from these schools was amazing – everyone wanted to try it. He now works with about 20 schools of visually impaired students and now he is starting to work with students who have trouble reading and writing.
The original use case for Thinking Cap Innovation was that teachers would use the program during station rotation and they can use Alexa at different stations. He has observed that many teachers use the program by taking 2-3 students aside to work on a 10-minute audio lesson at a station.
Voice Learning for Math
The program focuses primarily on math lessons through voice learning. Misha explained that the program currently works with addition, counting, and subtraction, and now they are working on adding in division and multiplication.
He believes that personalized learning, in terms of presenting the right questions to students at the right time, is important. However, Misha argues that it is more important that the questions we ask are continuing student learning. He shared an example of how this can be achieved through Thinking Cap Math's voice learning program.
An Example of Personalizing Math Questions with Voice Learning:
Alexa: "How much is 6+7?"
Student: "15."
Alexa: "Well, let's see. If 6+6 is 12, then how much is 6+7?"
In this case, because the student answered the question wrong, Alexa will ask a follow-up question using the students' pre-existing knowledge to help them get to the correct answer – the same way that a teacher might respond.
Voice Learning for Languages
Although the voice learning program started with math lessons, they are now branching into using the method to teach languages. Misha explained that his own children are trilingual which prompted him to dive deeper into understanding how young kids learn new languages with such ease.
He shared his observations:
1. When we talk to kids in a language, we don't start by teaching them grammar, we just speak to them.
2. When we talk to kids we never correct them but rather talk back to them in the correct way so that they repeat it correctly.
3. When kids hear themselves make a mistake while speaking, they recognize it and correct themselves
These observations led him to develop Thining Cap Spanish which uses similar voice learning strategies to teach the language. Misha explained that this program focuses on teaching Spanish through interactive storytelling where Alexa will tell a fairytale story and with an interactive portion so that kids can learn by listening and repeating.
Do you have a topic you'd like to hear us talk about
or want to be a guest on the Tackling Tech podcast?


Software Investigate
Hermes: a Context-Aware Application Development Framework for the Mobile Environment
Download now Free registration required
Executive Summary
This paper describes a next generation software toolkit which provides a framework, including security and intelligibility support, for developing more powerful context-aware applications for the modern mobile environment. Modern mobile computing environments, with reasonable connectivity, processing power and sensing capabilities on portable devices provide a means of achieving truly ubiquitous context-aware computing. To application developers, the mobile environment also presents a new and unique set of challenges such as - restrictions on communication, data storage, power, etc. that vary for each device in the ecosystem and also fusing, filtering and regulating the flow of context information from various sources (sensors, online information sources, etc) bring further overheads to the context-aware application developer's task.
 - Format: PDF
 - Size: 128.26 KB


text:
Mise en place
Mise en place literally "put in place") is a French phrase defined by the Culinary Institute of America as "everything in place", as in set up. It is used in professional kitchens to refer to the ingredients, such as cuts of meat, relishes, sauces, par-cooked items, spices, freshly chopped vegetables, and other components that a cook requires for the menu items that they expect to prepare during their shift.
Recipes are reviewed, to check for necessary ingredients and equipment. Ingredients are measured out, washed, chopped and placed in individual bowls. Equipment such as spatulas and blenders are prepared for use, while ovens are preheated. Preparing the mise en place ahead of time allows the chef to cook without having to stop and assemble items, which is desirable in recipes with time constraints.
It also refers to the preparation and layouts that are set up and used by line cooks at their stations in a commercial or restaurant kitchen.
The concept of having everything in its place as applied to the work in a kitchen is likely to have become a staple around the time of Auguste Escoffier, who is well known for his development of the brigade system of running a kitchen.
Celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain has often referred to mise en place as his religion.


text:
Skip to content.
Updated at 8:50 am on 26 October 2011
Archaeologists have discovered the wreck of a ship that was part of a fleet sent to invade Japan by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan, more than 700 years ago.
The wooden ship was found off the southern island of Kyushu, a metre under the seabed.
The hull, which is almost complete, and the keel are the most intact remains of a Mongol wreck found in Japanese waters.
Archaeologists say it was part of an invasion fleet carrying 140,000 Mongol soldiers in 1281.
Researchers from the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa used ultrasonic equipment to detect the remains of the ship.
The wood on the hull was painted whitish grey and held together by nails. Bricks, weapons and other instruments were found on board.
The BBC reports the Japanese have always attributed their victory to storms that wrecked the Mongol fleets during two attempted invasions in 1274 and 1281.
They concluded that Japan was protected from invasion by a divine wind, (Kamikaze), which was invoked in World War II to inspire pilots to launch suicide attacks on allied ships.
Copyright © 2011, Radio New Zealand
Audio is categorised based on the frequency of the programme it was heard in. Click on the headings below to access the programmes. For the most recently published audio, go to the latest audio page.
Streams are in Windows Media format. Mac and Linux users may need to install additional software. Get help with audio
A selection of music interviews, reviews, videos, concerts, sessions, and performances.
Downloads and podcasts are available for selected programmes. Our podcast page has a complete list of feeds.
Help on using online audio: formats, software, podcasts, downloading, and troubleshooting.


Sign up ×
In quantum gravity, ADM wavefunctional solutions have to satisfy the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. This leads to timelessness. What happens if we have a time periodic solution? In classical general relativity, a time periodic solution just means that and no more. But when combined with a timeless wavefunctional, if the same configuration occurs twice or more often, the coefficient of the configuration component in the wavefunctional has to be exactly the same both times around, both in magnitude and in phase. That is because we have no disambiguating clock external to the timeless wavefunctional, which is not multivalued. But this is exactly the description of a closed timelike curve.
Assume space is compact so we do not have to worry about asymptotic infinity.
share|cite|improve this question
1 Answer 1
If there is a time periodic solution of $\hat{\mathcal{H}}\Psi=0$, then obviously there are only a finite number of solutions throughout the whole of time. A closed timelike curve is a closed worldline, i.e., the particle whose worldline is a CTC must have a repeated 4-position. If the position $\overrightarrow{x}$ has a linear dependence on time, then your argument is true and a CTC is created. If no such linear dependence exists, then the particle may end up with the same time coordinate, but not the position - and this is not a CTC.
share|cite|improve this answer
Your Answer


Office 365 - Suggested Meetings add-in
Suggested Meetings add-in scans emails for meeting dates/times and allows you to create the meeting invitation from that email. It will send an invitation to all those involved on the email thread (sender and recipients). There is no way to "force" it to scan an email, and it does sometimes miss obvious events or highlights obvious non-events.
How does the Suggested Meetings add-in work?
The Suggested Meetings add-in is a contextual add-in that detects requested keywords or entities, such as meeting suggestions or addresses, that are in your message, and it underlines them. Please note that this add-in doesn't attempt to read or comprehend your message. Even though you might see underlined text, no information is sent to the add-in. Remember, the add-in can run only after you have given your consent to activate it, and you've selected the text underlined by the add-in.
 1. If you see text underlined like in the screenshot below, you can click on it to bring up a Suggested Meeting.
 underlined text
 2. This will bring up the Suggested Meetings pop-up window to create the event.
 Suggested Meetings pop-up
Managing add-ins
 1. You can manage the add-ins available to you by selecting the Settings | Manage Integrations.
 2. To turn off an add-in, simply uncheck the box. There are some add-ins you may not be able to turn off.
Additional Information
See Also:


text:
Upopoy: A Symbolic Space for Ethnic Harmony
In July 2020, the National Ainu Museum and Park, nicknamed Upopoy, opened in the town of Shiraoi, Hokkaido as a center from which to "revitalize and expand the Ainu culture."
The Ainu are an indigenous people from the northern region of the Japanese archipelago, predominantly Hokkaido, and have developed a distinctive, rich culture that includes the unique Ainu language, a spirituality that holds that spirits dwell in every part of the natural world, traditional dances that are performed at a variety of events, uniquely patterned embroidery and carved wooden art.
According to the National Ainu Museum website, the history of the Ainu ("Ainu" means humans in the Ainu language) stretches back 30,000 years, to when humans first came to Hokkaido. The Ainu were hunter-gatherer-fishers, but in around the seventh century they began to grow cereals. The Ainu actively traded with people overseas and created a unique culture.
From the seventeenth century, however, Ainu society gradually became absorbed by the Japanese economy and society. Until the nineteenth century, the Ainu lived in Hokkaido, the islands around Hokkaido and the northern parts of the Tohoku region. Today, many Ainu people still live in Hokkaido, while some Ainu live in other parts of Japan, particularly in the Kanto region, and overseas.
Promoting and raising public awareness of Ainu culture are facing several challenges. The existence of the Ainu language and traditional crafts is in crisis as the number of people able to pass on these traditions declines, while levels of understanding regarding Ainu history and culture remain low.
To overcome these challenges, the government's Council for Ainu Policy Promotion stated in July 2009 that the establishment of "a symbolic space for ethnic harmony" would be key to a policy based on the recognition of the Ainu as an indigenous people. Upopoy, which means "singing together in a large group" in the Ainu language, has been established as a base for the revitalization and expansion of Ainu culture, an invaluable culture that is at risk of extinction, and as a "symbol of the building of a forward-looking, vibrant society with a rich, diverse culture in which indigenous people are treated with respect and dignity without discrimination."
In July 2020, Upopoy opened in Shiraoi in southwest Hokkaido, facing the Pacific Ocean. By limited express train, Shiraoi is about 40 minutes from New Chitose Airport, and it is about 1 hour from Sapporo. The foundations of Shiraoi were laid by the Ainu, and the town has many facilities to pass down Ainu traditions and culture amid beautiful natural surroundings.
The National Ainu Museum in Upopoy has a collection of about 10,000 items, about 800 of which are permanently exhibited exploring six themes. In the Our Language area, the Ainu language, stories, place names and current initiatives to promote its use are explained. Visitors can hear narration in the Ainu language, and there are games enabling visitors to study the pronunciation and grammar of the Ainu language. Videos explaining place names and conversational Ainu are also displayed. In the Our Universe area, spirituality, a central aspect of Ainu culture, is described. The Ainu belief that ramat (spirit) exists all around us is explained using graphics.
In the open-air center, the National Ainu Park, visitors are able to experience Ainu culture through dance, cooking and traditional crafts. For example, the Cultural Exchange Hall (uekari cise) features traditional Ainu mouth harp, or mukkuri, performances and traditional Ainu dances that are inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. At the Workshop (yayhanokkar cise), visitors are able to make and taste Ainu cuisine and play traditional Ainu instruments such as the mukkuri.
"Visitors love the carved wooden handicrafts, embroidery and the experience of preparing food. We would like to provide opportunities to as many people as possible to experience Ainu culture, while taking measures to protect them from COVID-19," says a staff member.
NOTE: With the permission of Upopoy, this article draws on English-language materials published by the museum.


text:
The key feature of a desert is its lack of water. But how do animals stay clean? They still need to get rid of dirt, germs, bugs and parasites.
This story began for me on the Continental Divide, the line of ranges that divide the Rocky Mountains watersheds into those that flow toward the Mississippi River and those that flow toward the Pacific Ocean. Standing on the back porch of my childhood home, the Continental Divide was a mere half mile north and was our playground. Regina, New Mexico lays at about 6000 foot elevation, 100 miles north of Albuquerque. Scrub brush fills this high desert area.
My father ran cattle, but he leased national forest lands to fatten up the spring calves and rounded them up for the sale ring before winter storms hit. Our most important asset was water rights to the Hatch Lake, which allowed some irrigation of fields and planting of some grasses.
I remember playing with horny toads, building corrals for them from scrap bits of wood. They always escaped, of course. It was a dry climate, with dusty roads, rare days of rain, and harsh winters.
Fast forward to a couple years ago when I heard about birds who anoint themselves with ants to get rid of parasites. What? This is strange, but true. For over 100 years, naturalists have observed birds that stand on an ant nest and let ants swarm over them. Studies have revealed that birds are allowing ants to carry off parasites. Other birds will locate an ant nest, then pick up an ant in its beak, crush it and use it as a washrag to clean its feathers. Scientists believe the formic acid from the ant acts as an antiseptic to kill and discourage parasites.
When I learned of this anointing behavior, I remembered the dry landscape of my childhood. I wondered what were some other ways that animals stayed clean? After a lot of research and multiple drafts, the result was Desert Baths, a companion book to my first nature book, Prairie Storms.
For both books, I wanted to do more than just talk about a species. Instead, I wanted to add an extra layer of information, while still keeping the story fun to read. For Prairie Storms, the extra layer was the variety of storms throughout a year. For Desert Baths, the extra layer is animal hygiene.
Take a peek at Desert Baths:
And Prairie Storms
Here are some possible discussion questions to share with your children after reading Desert Baths.
- Is regular hygiene easy or hard for you?
- Do you need to be reminded to brush your teeth?
- Do you resist baths?
- How would it affect your health if you didn't bathe and clean yourself regularly?
Published in eight languages, children's book author and writing teacher Darcy Pattison is the author of picture books and novels. Her three nature books include Prairie Storms (Sylvan Dell), Desert Baths (Sylvan Dell) and Wisdom, the Midway Albatross: Surviving the Japanese Tsunami and Other Disasters for over 60 Years (Mims House). For more, see her website.


text:
O'Connor was a hard-core bird lover. Her favorite bird? Yes, the peacock. She owned dozens of them and considered herself their servant.
In her November 25, 1955 letter to her friend Betty Hester, O'Connor discussed the peacock in "The Displaced Person":
The Priest sees the peacock as standing for the Transfiguration [one of Christ's stages of transformation], for which it is most certainly a most beautiful symbol. It also stands in medieval symbology for the Church – the eyes are the eyes of the Church. (source: Collected Works, 971)
Notice that O'Connor doesn't try to tell us how to read the peacock in the story, but rather to share with us what it means to her. The quote suggests that she uses the peacock to let us know what she thinks of a character. For example Father Flynn and Astor are the only characters who seem to care about the peacocks: the priest is fixated on the bird, and Astor is upset about the fact that Mrs. McIntyre starved the peacock population from twenty plus to one peacock and two peahens. That makes Mrs. McIntyre a villain and Father Flynn and Astor likeable characters. Notice also that neither Father Flynn nor Astor are present at the murder of Mr. Guizac.
Most of the characters in "The Displaced Person" don't seem to notice the peacock at all. It seems that O'Connor uses the peacock when she wants to make a specific point about a certain character or set of characters. The other character strongly associated with the peacock is Mrs. Shortley. Her relationship with it is ambiguous. She isn't fascinated by it and doesn't appreciate it. The thing that makes the relationship ambiguous is the fact that the peacock follows her around and seems to be fascinated by her. The "fiery wheels with fierce dark eyes in them" sound suspiciously like the eyes on the peacock's tail. If these are the eyes of the Church then does that mean the Church has its eyes on Mrs. Shortley? If so, what does that mean? It depends, we suppose, on how the Church is looking at her. Disapprovingly? Lovingly? We leave it to you to decide.


text:
The People of Cumbria
Cumbria's famous people are of a diverse nature. The county has a strong literary heritage: William Wordsworth, Beatrix Potter, Arthur Ransome, Alfred Wainwright, and others. Well-known historic figures range from Adam Sedgwick, the father of modern geology, to Catherine Parr, wife of Henry VIII. Entertainers such as Stan Laurel of Laurel and Hardy fame have made their mark. Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley, founder of the National Trust, was a Cumbrian.
|Alfred Wainwright||Arthur Ransome|
|Beatrix Potter||John Cunliffe|
|John Ruskin||John Wilkinson|
|Reverend William Spooner||Thomas Henry Ismay|
|Thomas Skelton||William Henry Bragg|


Public health
Latest news
7 April is World Health Day, and IANSA members are campaigning to raise awareness about the public health aspects of small arms worldwide.
In Switzerland, a broad coalition of organisations and political parties said they were disappointed but not defeated after a majority of 56% voted against an initiative to introduce stricter gun laws on 9 February.
Canada's gun laws have resulted in a significant drop in the number of homicides committed with a firearm, according to new research published in the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
3 December was the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. 3000 people are seriously injured by guns every day, many injuries leading to long-term or permanent disability.
Latest resources


Pulsed-Field gradient NMR self diffusion and ionic conductivity measurements for liquid electrolytes containing libf4 and propylene carbonate
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Publication details
JournalElectrochimica acta
DatePublished - 1 Jun 2014
Number of pages13
Pages (from-to)606-618
Original languageEnglish
Liquid electrolytes have been prepared using lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) and propylene carbonate (PC). Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) measurements were taken for the cation, anion and solvent molecules using lithium (Li7), fluorine (F19) and hydrogen (H1) nuclei, respectively. It was found that lithium diffusion was slow compared to the much larger fluorinated BF4 anion likely resulting from a large solvation shell of the lithium. Ionic conductivity and viscosity have also been measured for a range of salt concentrations and temperatures. By comparing the measured conductivity with a ideal predicted conductivity derived from the Nernst-Einstein equation and self diffusion coefficients the degree of ionic association of the anion and cation was determined and was observed to increase with salt concentration and temperature. Using the measured viscosity and self diffusion coefficients the effective radius of each of the species was determined for various salt concentrations.
 Research areas
 - Conductivity, Ionic association, Liquid electrolyte, NMR
Discover related content
View graph of relations


text:
Until 31st May you can collect cards to scratch which offer various gifts and prizes.
You can win cards in the following ways:
- The first time you log in each day
- When your horse wins competitions (2 per day)
- Buying them in the Flash Sales (you can buy a maximum of 1 card in each type of sale every 3 days)
- Exchanging duplicate cards (costs 5 diamonds and you can only exchange 1 per day. However you are guaranteed not to get another duplicate)
Apparently there may be more ways to get cards (possible involving HoPs!) later on in the contest.
The first set of cards are called the Collector Cards. These cards give you prizes as soon as you scratch them - for example equus, BM items, saddlery or even the Divine horse Mars.
The second set of cards are called the Puzzle Cards. There are 7 puzzles to complete and you have to collect all 5 cards from each puzzle before you get your gift. The puzzles are as follows:
- The Desert Puzzle. Prize: Philosopher's Stone
- The Forest Puzzle. Prize: 20,000e
- The Jungle Puzzle. Prize: Morpheus' Arms
- The Meadow Puzzle. Prize: 5 x diamonds
- The Savanna Puzzle. Prize: a Knabstupper (a new breed of horse)
- The Mountain Puzzle. Prize: 5th element
- The Hiking Puzzle. Prize: Poseidon's Pack
If you complete all the puzzles you win a Treasure Chest containing a new wild horse - the Camargue.
You get to your cards by clicking on 'The Cards' link at the top of any page. From that page there is then a link to the Flash Sales.
PLEASE NOTE. To scratch a card you rub your mouse over it. If you are having trouble seeing or scratching your cards it may be that you don't have flash on your computer. For example if you are playing on an iPad or iPhone you will not be able to scratch your cards.


Tragedy struck the family of late Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon again Sunday, when his son Captain Asaf Ramon was killed in a crash while flying an Israel Air Force F16-A.
Ilan Ramon, Israel's first astronaut was one of seven crew members killed when the U.S. space shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry on February 1, 2003.
Asaf Ramon's aircraft crashed near the settlement of Bnei Haver, in the rugged terrain of the Hebron Hills. The Israel Defense Forces carried out an aerial and terrestrial search of the area for some 90 minutes before locating the crash site.
IAF Blackhawk ("Yanshuf") helicopters carrying soldiers from 669, the Air Force's elite search and rescue unit, were the first to locate the plane, and they retrieved the pilot's body.
At a press conference Sunday evening, a grim-faced Brigadier General Yochanan Locker of the Israel Air Force confirmed the circumstances of the crash.
"The plane crashed during a routine training flight," Locker said. "Helicopters, rescue forces from [elite unit] 669, grounds troops and rescue personnel were dispatched to the site.
"The remains of the plane were found after an extensive search. The Air Force commander has established a committee of inquiry headed by a colonel to investigate the incident," he said. "It is a difficult day for the Air Force [when there is] an accident like this, in which people are killed."
Asaf, 21, excelled in the IAF's grueling training course for pilots. In June he received a presidential honor and was given his pilot's wings by President Shimon Peres. He then joined the squadron in which the course's advanced training program is carried out.
The young pilot escaped another plane crash only half a year ago during a routine training flight.
The Air Force commander, Major General Ido Nehushtan, called an official inquiry and halted training in Israel's F-16 squadrons until further notice, the military said in a statement.
The IAF is investigating a number of possible causes and is looking into whether Ramon was suffering from any physiological problems, such as vertigo or a blackout, at the time of the crash.
The young captain had passed a physical exam and was not known to have any medical problems.
Ilan Ramon himself was a fighter pilot in the IAF, and the youngest to take part in Israel's 1981 air strike on Iraq's unfinished Osirak nuclear reactor. He was also the son and grandson of Holocaust survivors.
People in Israel had tracked Ramon's journey into space as a welcome distraction from the violence of the second intifada; they responded to his death with shock and grief.
Asaf, was the eldest of Ilan Ramon's four children. He was 15 when his father died; shortly afterward, he promised on a number of occasions that he would follow in his father's footsteps and serve as a pilot and possibly even as an astronaut in the future. He is survived by his mother, and his two brothers and sister.
Shortly before receiving his wings, Ramon told the IAF journal that, "It was important to me to mention my father and tell his stories, because I am proud of him and proud to be his son. But I also want people to know me as Asaf and not just as the son of the astronaut Ilan Ramon."


text:
The Horizontal Array is a system designed to measure in near real-time the displacements along the vertical direction. It can be used for example in the monitoring of differential settlements of a structure or a road embankment or embankment or can be installed on a bridge deck to monitor the arrow over time.
It consists of a sequence of IP69 nodes including a base for fixing, joined by a Kevlar cable and a four-pole signal cable. Each node contains a high-resolution MEMS 3D sensor and a thermometer.
The number of measurement sensors, the spacing and the length of the instrument can be defined according to the project requirements.
The Horizontal Array instrument can be managed by G802, G301 controllers or any other Datalogger compatible with the RS485 Modbus RTU protocol.
The Horizontal Array instrument is versatile and designed to be installed in different ways. For example, it can be buried under a structure or during the construction of an embankment to identify differential settlements at the desired height or it can be installed directly in contact with the monitored structure.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Knowing the distance between the nodes, the position in space of the sensors calculated using the data recorded by MEMS, through special algorithms it is possible to identify the relative position of the instrument in space and consequently the displacements of the slope.
- Easily installable
- Flexible and lightweight
- Resilient and suitable for long term monitoring
- Automatic alerting based on multi-level and multi-parameter thresholds or on the inverse velocity criterion


Mock Trial Program
pexelsred-school-blur-factorycropThe Mock Trial Program is a comprehensive curricula that focuses on drug and alcohol prevention, bullying, violence prevention, and Internet Safety.
If you are interested in scheduling a Mock Trial Presentation at your school, please email us at:
The essential elements of the legal, and criminal justice systems are explained to the children. The program culminates by bringing the courtroom into the classrooms of elementary and middle school age children.
The program's focus is on decision-making, risk taking behavior, and explaining the legal and social consequences for one's actions. It involves members of the local law enforcement community in each city and town and encourages children to have more communication with their police department and professional educators. The staff of the District Attorney's Office works collaboratively with other members of law enforcement and with each schools professional educators.
The Mock Trial program is implemented in communities that wish to reinforce lessons that are also taught through Drug and Alcohol Resistance Education Programs and other anti-substance abuse courses. The program also places a strong emphasis on the legal consequences young people who make bad decisions will face. These programs are designed to be informative, educational, and fun.


California Outdoors Q&As
Carrie Wilson is a marine environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. While she cannot personally answer everyones questions, she will select a few to answer each week in this column. Please contact her at
Collecting Roadkill Raptors
Question: What are the rules concerning the use of birds of prey, such as owls, which have been killed by vehicles? I have found several in the local area which seemed to be dead along the side of the road but without evidence of damage to the body. My guess based on where they fell is they are "indirect roadkills." If I wanted to save these animals for taxidermy or another use, would I need some kind of documentation? If so, what sort of permit would I need? It would be simple to document the finds I have made photographically at the site, but preserving them for inspection later by California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) would be harder. Thanks for your help with this. (Ken Z., Visalia)
Answer: Under both state and federal law, it is not legal to collect or possess any species of bird that is protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Treaty Act. This would include all raptors that have been killed by vehicles. There are permits available, under very specific circumstances that allow scientific or educational facilities to salvage these birds. Organizations that believe they may qualify for these permits would be required to obtain both a federal Salvage Permit and state Scientific Collecting Permit. More information on these permits can be found at and
Fishing license and second rod stamp
Question: I have a California sport fishing license but did not pay for the second rod stamp. When I am out ocean fishing on my boat, am I only allowed one rod? I thought since it was the ocean I can have two rods out, even if I did not pay for a second rod stamp. (Anonymous)
Answer: The second rod stamp is only required when fishing in freshwater with two poles. In the ocean, any number of poles and lines generally can be used, with some exceptions. For example, fishing for lingcod, rockfish, greenlings or cabezon is limited to one line with no more than two hooks. Also, when fishing in San Francisco Bay or when fishing for salmon north of Pt. Conception, only one rod/line may be used per person.
Other exceptions exist, such as when pier fishing - only two methods may be used. There are only a few exceptions like these, but I'd recommend reviewing the Gear Restrictions section of the Ocean Sport Fishing Regulations booklet and any regulations for the species you're pursuing to ensure you're following the law.
Legal to collect moon jellyfish for personal use?
Question: I am interested in collecting some moon jellyfish just for my personal use but want to be sure its legal. They would not be sold or traded. If legal, can I collect them under a basic fishing license or would I be required to have a marine collectors permit? (Tucker M.)
Answer: Moon jellyfish occurring outside the tide pool zone (1,000 ft. seaward from mean high tide) may be legally taken with a fishing license and the bag limit is 35 (California Code of Regulations Title 14, section 29.05 & 29.05(a)).
Crab pot dimensions?
Question: My son wants to build his own crab pot. I think it's a great project but I can't find any official size regulations. He already has line, buoys and bait containers. I found a web page that described a circular pot as measuring 42 inches in diameter, 14 inches deep and weighing 90 pounds. Are those the required dimensions? Can they be bigger/smaller? Any help is appreciated. (Anonymous)
Answer: As long as the trap has at least two rigid circular openings of not less than four and one-quarter inches inside diameter so constructed that the lowest portion of each opening is no lower than five inches from the top of the trap (CCR, Title 14, section 29.80 (c)), your son is free to construct a pot using any dimensions!
Santa Barbara Jr. High School Theater: The Beatles Slept Here


text:
Scotland will launch a 'Climate Justice Fund' this spring in response to the impact of climate change on the world's poorest communities.In a parliamentary debate on climate justice on Thursday, Minister for Environment and Climate Change Stewart Stevenson, confirmed that the Government would launch the Climate Justice Fund in the coming months.
Judith Robertson, Head of Oxfam Scotland, said: 'Today marks a milestone for Scotland. Not only has the Scottish Parliament been the first parliamentary chamber to debate Climate Justice worldwide but by announcing that Scotland will launch a Climate Justice Fund in the spring, Scotland is again leading the way by setting an example for other countries to follow in championing and delivering climate justice.
'Oxfam sees the fight against poverty and the fight against the effects of climate change as interrelated efforts. Developing countries will need to develop their own adaptation plans but many do not have the funds to invest in protecting their own people so the international community will need to assist them.
'Oxfam Scotland therefore congratulates the Scottish Government on its innovative Climate Justice Fund. We note that the fund will rightly be used to finance projects in developing countries, specifically aimed at supporting poor communities to adapt to the negative effects of climate change and in doing so, complement Scotland's world leading climate legislation.
'Oxfam Scotland looks forward to working with the Scottish Government to ensure that the Climate Justice Fund can be a best exemplar for other countries to follow to deal with climate injustice.'
For more information, visit this link


or Login to see your representatives.
Measure Details
Concerning Authorizing and Funding Bonds for Energy Efficiency Projects in Schools
Washington Ballot Measure - Referendum Bill 52
Argument For
Argument Against
 Explanatory Statement
 The Law as it Presently Exists
 The State of Washington issues bonds as one way of borrowing money for various public purposes. Bonds are written agreements, under which the state agrees to pay the borrowed money back over a stated period of time, with interest. One type of bond is referred to as a "general obligation bond," which means that the state promises to repay the bonds from its general revenues, rather than from a dedicated source of revenue. The state pledges its full faith and credit toward the repayment of general obligation bonds. The state constitution limits the amount of money the state can borrow, except for debt approved by the voters.
 The state receives revenue in the form of taxes, including the state sales tax. The sales tax currently applies to most purchases of bottled water. The law makes exceptions for bottled water that is sold for certain medical purposes, or to people who do not otherwise have a readily available source of clean water. Current law also provides that the application of the sales tax to bottled water will expire July 1, 2013, and after that date the sales tax will no longer apply to purchases of bottled water.
 The Effect of the Proposed Measure if Approved
 This measure asks the voters to approve the state's issuance of general obligation bonds to pay for certain construction and repair projects to improve energy efficiency in public schools and in higher education buildings. The measure would authorize the state to borrow $505 million by issuing bonds to be repaid from future revenue.
 The money raised by selling the bonds would be deposited into the state treasury, and would be used to make financial grants to public school districts, public universities, colleges and community colleges, and other public agencies. The grants would be used to pay for capital improvements for energy, utility, and operational cost savings.
 Grants would be awarded on a competitive basis, based on applications explaining what particular projects applicants propose to use the money to achieve. Grants would be awarded in competitive rounds, with at least five percent of the money in each round awarded to small public school districts with fewer than one thousand students. Each project would be weighted, based on: (a) the availability of nonstate money to assist in funding the project; (b) the energy savings to be achieved by the project; and (c) how quickly the project could be ready to proceed. The dollar amounts awarded for each project would be determined in order to fund the maximum number of projects with the greatest energy and cost benefit. Only eight-five percent of projects for which applications are submitted could be funded in each round, until the last round.
 General state revenues would be used to repay the bonds. If the voters approve this measure, then an amendment to state law would take effect that removes the expiration date for applying the state sales tax to purchases of bottled water. This would have the effect of continuing the collection of sales tax on purchases of bottled water after July 1, 2013, when that tax would otherwise expire. This measure states that the legislature intends to increase state revenue in this way in order to pay for a portion of the costs of repaying the bonds authorized by this measure.
 Measure Text
 Should this bill be:
 [ ] Approved
 [ ] Rejected
 Back to top


text:
In 2009 the Provand's Lordship Garden Project was launched to establish and maintain a herbal garden. The intention was to create a community garden that volunteers are welcomed to. Where they can also help to maintain it, and enjoy it.
The garden also aims to provide opportunities for people and communities to enjoy the health benefits of working in the garden. They also have the opportunity to learn about herbalism, the garden, and history.
Volunteers will be encouraged to hold activities in the garden and in Provand's Lordship. There will also be a lively public programme that will reflect local communities.
The garden is explained through labels and leaflets so visitors can enjoy and understand it.
This work could not have been carried out without generous help and advice from the following:
The Incorporation of Gardeners of Glasgow donated money towards the project.
The Wise Group has provided materials and volunteers.
Glasgow City Council Land and Environmental Services have provided tools and assistance.
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, and the Wellcome Trust, have provided resources and advice for researching medieval and herbal medicine.


text:
Researching forced migration: critical reflections on research ethics during fieldwork
How do we carry out research with refugees? This paper provides reflections on some of the key ethical questions surrounding fieldwork on forced migration. The aim is to bring together multi-disciplinary debates on research ethics; in lieu of stating presumably neutral, objective and universally applicable answers, the paper critically discusses guiding principles and practical issues, and proposes ways forward in order to spark further discussions. For that, a paired view on research ethics is used, as a code of conduct for scholars as well as a framework for normative scrutiny of research in a broader sense. Subjects in this paper include harm in and due to fieldwork with a proposed Do No Harm analysis to minimise risks; relations and responsibilities of researchers to participants and among research teams with reflections on participatory approaches; transfer of results with scholars and humanitarian agencies but also with participants; and benefits of interdisciplinary platforms for exchange to openly address difficulties and opportunities in 'the field'.