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Renscan5™ measurement techniques
Renishaw's 5-axis high speed, high accuracy measurement techniques offer a wide range of benefits resulting in significant throughput improvements.
Renscan5 measurement techniques
On measured features requiring position and size, discrete points are captured utilizing the performance of the REVO drive system or in combination with the XYZ axes of the CMM. The Head Touch capability extends the range of usefulness of the REVO/CMM system where minimum points are required but speed of measurement is important.
The Circle Scan is a defined routine that scans a circular feature capturing up to 6,000 data points per second. By defining the expected path, REVO utilizes its 2-axis drive system to follow the surface and minimize the effects on accuracy of moving the three CMM axes. The Circle Scan is ideally suited for inside bores, such as engine blocks where the form is critical.
The Cylinder Scan is designed to move along the axis of an inside or outside cylinder or cone. During the scanning process, the Cylinder Scan traverses along the axis at a uniform length per revolution. The effect is a helical path capturing a large data point set over the full defined length.
The Gasket Scan is ideally suited to follow a non-uniform path during scanning operations. By defining target points along the proposed path, REVO will blend a path between the points while capturing large data point sets minimizing the amount of CMM motion. The Gasket Scan works under a full 5-axis motion control.
Sweep Scan–Flat Plane
Capturing data points over a plane can be accomplished by utilizing the REVO drive system to sweep back and forth while the CMM drive system move is a singular vector direction under a constant speed. This process minimizes the inherent inaccuracies of the CMM structure while scanning the surface at high speeds.
Sweep Scan–Curved Surface
The REVO drive system adapts to the changing surface shape by control the contact pressure of the stylus during a sweeping action. The CMM drives in a uniform direction to minimize the inherent inaccuracies of the CMM structure. This results in the ability to provide surface following while capturing large data point sets and is particularly suited to the measurement of airfoil surfaces.
Section Scan–Round the PlaneInspecting a blade section or other outside shape can be accomplished using the Section Scan capabilities of the metrology software and REVO. This scanning technique results in a single operation by defining a section through a CAD model. With REVO's infinite positioning, the CMM moves around the part while REVO controls the contact position.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there some form of a lock that I could use?
Maybe something using doors and watersource...
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of How do you create a waterfall elevator? – badp Dec 15 '10 at 17:11
I don't think this qualifies as a duplicate question. The answer is the same, yes, but that closing it for that reason is like closing "what is 2 + 2?" as a duplicate of "What is 1 + 3?". – Raven Dreamer Dec 15 '10 at 18:02
If you don't mind modding, the finite liquid mod might allow you to construct a real water lock with pistons (or doors?) – Zommuter Aug 24 '13 at 7:15
2 Answers 2
up vote 24 down vote accepted
Current as of Retail 1.1
Okay so the key mechanic that broke the traditional waterfall elevator was that boats no longer travel upward in a waterfall. However, boats will move rapidly upward in source blocks.
So what is a source block? A source block (also known as "still water") is water that is created during map creation or placed with a bucket. Water that "flows" from this block is informally known as moving water. So in order to create a modern boat elevator, we need to create a shaft of only source blocks.
Here is my construction.
1: I created a canal with a glass wall and an "entranceway" fitted with signs. These signs prevent water from flowing past them but still allow boats through.
enter image description here
2: I build up a second layer of glass walls around my new shaft. Then I flood this layer with water. Note that I have to fill each of the four blocks in this layer of the shaft with water from the bucket - these are now all source blocks. Notice how none of them are moving. If the water is moving, you need to add more hits from your bucket.
enter image description here
3: I keep adding glass layers and each time I do, I add a layer of source water.
enter image description here
4: Here I've added a spillway at the top where the boat can float after it has risen up the shaft.
enter image description here
You can download this world here:
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There is much win in this post. – Kenneth Posey Feb 1 '12 at 1:18
This applies to versions before Beta 1.6.4
share|improve this answer
Water won't pass through doors, open or closed. So your lock system would end up being more of a dam. – ElfSlice May 4 '11 at 0:27
_USER_ - "water cannot pass through doors". How does that disagree with your comment? – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 0:36
_USER_ > I'm just not sure how you were planning to rig up a lock system using doors. :P – ElfSlice May 4 '11 at 1:13
_USER_ - you can easily get your boat's momentum high enough that you can travel through the air block without stopping. Same idea where you can put a switch (or other non-minecart track block) in the path of your minecart and still have it complete its circuit. – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 2:28
_USER_ - honestly, I was only speaking from a "getting out" perspective. I haven't tried re-docking, as it were. – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 4:39
Your Answer


Arc Gun
Designed for close assault, both arc guns and flamers are accurate weapons at short ranges. A more finesse choice for killing.
Harnessing the power of electricity makes for a range of
effective weapons. Some shock weapons are designed to stun
a single target, while others can hit multiple foes spread over
an area or generate arcs that jump between multiple targets
in a lightning-linked chain. Many shock weapons can be easily
identified by their electricity-generating coils, glass insulators,
or carbon-fiber shielding meant to protect the wielder.


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Nobody knows for sure exactly why the rocks ring like bells when struck with a hammer is a mystery. The rocks do contain a significant amount of iron, which might be part of the explanation. However, the high iron content doesn't explain two other strange qualities that the rocks possess... Not all of the rocks ring when struck, and they don't ring when they are removed from the site, suggesting that the ringing has something to do with the way the rocks lay against one another. Larger flat ones seem to produce an especially impressive sound when struck.
Compared to the neighbors.
The Ringing Rocks are very small part (160 acres) of a mountainous region called the Boulder Batholith, which encompasses a large portion of southwestern Montana. Batholiths originate when magma cools slowly beneath the surface to form granite.
Edited by zoser, 04 February 2013 - 07:53 PM.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist, this church has a tower dating back to the 13th century. The high walls are 2.5 to 3 m thick, as the huge tower used to form part of the fortress that defended the town.
The church dates back to the 17th century. The transept and the lateral naves were made in 1625 and 1626, the choir in 1653.
The 17th century steeple is also very high, as a smaller steeple would have been out of place in such a big tower. The 49 m high steeple was made from a few age-old oaks taken from the neighbouring forests and the edges turn so as to offer less resistance to the wind. It is called the "spiral steeple".
It became a listed monument on 15 March 1934.
- Facilities/Services :
- People with limited mobility :
- People with limited mobility

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Payroll Concepts > Statutory Deductions and Contributions
Employers are required to register for and pay Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) contributions for any employees to whom remuneration is paid or owed unless the employee is exempted from one or both of these. Some employers are also required to pay Skills Development Levy (SDL) contributions for their employees. SimplePay calculates each of these items automatically as appropriate.
Please see the following articles for detailed discussions of each of these:
An employer's PAYE liability may be reduced if they have employees who qualify for the Employment Tax Incentive (ETI). More information on this is available in the following article:
Aspects such as their age and legal status impact these calculations so please ensure that these are correctly configured on their Basic Info screen.


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Do Not Eat Raw Cookie Dough – The CDC has issued a warning about eating raw cookie dough and warns consumers and cooks that any unbaked product can be unsafe.
Back in 2009, an E.coli outbreak prompted the CDC to investigate refrigerated Nestle Toll House cookie dough products. The findings of that investigation may change the way you snack while baking.
It was determined that E. coli and salmonella risks are high in any product that is made to be baked, even if it is homemade. The risks are not brand specific and scientists said that the E. coli outbreak that resulted when 77 people in 30 states became ill after eating the prepackaged cookie dough could have been avoided simply by following the directions on the package.
Even homemade cookie dough can be unhealthy to eat prior to baking and the risk is two-fold. Uncooked flour used in most recipes is the most likely culprit for E. coli. The flour has not gone through processes required to kill pathogens, though the makers of Nestle Toll House Cookie dough says it will change that for their products.
Another ingredient in unbaked dough is raw eggs which are a known cause of salmonella. The Don't Eat It Raw rule applies to other foods, not just cookies – Bread dough, cake batter, pizza and biscuit dough.
As tempting as it may be to eat the batter or lick the beaters, take a pass and wait until it is cooked. Do Not Eat Raw Cookie Dough!Tags: cdc, cookie dough, do not eat raw cookie dough, e coli, Health, News, salmonella


When Chicago Tribune transportation reporter Jon Hilkevitch was 13 years old, he and his grandmother took a ride on the opening day of what is now the Dan Ryan branch of the CTA Red Line -- a branch soon to face massive reconstruction.
In the Tribune newsroom on Thursday, Jon had a button from the line's opening day in his pocket, and the Tribune was preparing to run a story and graphic about the ambitious project to rebuild the Red Line through the South Side.
There's nothing about that button in Jon's pocket that is new -- what used to be the "CTA Dan Ryan Line" on Chicago's South Side hasn't been new since it opened on Sept. 28, 1969. The fare then was 40 cents.
Background on the project
Later to be called the Red Line Dan Ryan branch, the line was built, starting in 1967, in the median of what previously was the South Expressway, which later was renamed to honor Dan Ryan, president of the Cook County Board who died a year before the expressway opened in 1961.
Now, almost 44 years later, the railroad tracks and all supporting systems on the approximately 10-mile branch are at the end of their useful life and need replacing. A whole new railroad will be built starting May 19.
Visualizing the future
A Tribune story by Jon and a graphic by producers Jemal R. Brinson and Kyle Bentle will take readers into the construction zone.
As the CTA prepares to shut down and rebuild such a large portion of the Red Line, Jemal was charged with explaining each phase of the construction, visually, in a diagram.
The process started by interviewing CTA sources on how they will do the work. They sent us images of machines, information and schematics of the process.
The next phase involved sketching, taking photos, and meeting with graphics editors to make sure the focus of the graphic was sound. Jemal then took time to understand each part of the process so he could re-create each sequence accurately.
Jemal used several programs to produce the final images. A 3-D animation program was used to model and render the scenes. This kind of program lets graphics producers focus on specific parts of complicated proccesses.
The final piece of the puzzle involved writing the text describing the steps.
There'll be more explaining to do as the reconstruction begins. Like Jon's button, we've got the past in hand. The key will be in laying out the future.
-- Jon Hilkevitch and Jemal R. Brinson


on March 02, 2021 Visitor Management
4 Ways Visitor Management Systems Can Help Multiple Location Companies
It can be challenging enough managing visitors in a single location. If your organization has multiple sites, however, things can get much more complicated. Adopting the latest visitor management technology can help you implement location-specific security and safety measures, and ensure a consistent visitor experience across sites. Here, we'll go into four visitor management challenges faced by companies with multiple locations and how to solve them using a unified cloud-based visitor management system.
1. Multi-Location Visibility
If you're running a large organization, there's a good chance your company has a mix of locations that can range from offices, operational centers, distribution headquarters to logistics warehousing, and manufacturing facilities.
With a company operating in multiple locations, a big concern for security teams and upper management is the lack of visibility concerning visitor and employee movement throughout each site. It's vital to track employees, keep unwanted visitors out, and ensure the safety and security of the workplace at all times.
While the head of each facility can run a location-specific visitor management system, global, cloud-based visitor management software can synchronize data from all locations. This gives the head office a unified view of personnel and visitor activity to ensure nothing falls through the cracks.
According to George Lossius, former CEO of Publishing Technology, "The key to multiple location management is to ensure that information is shared across the entire company simultaneously. [Businesses should] commit to communicating effectively and (relatively) frequently through one tool."
1. Multi-Location Visibility
With cloud-based systems, your security team and top-level management can remotely monitor all sites. In fact, any designated personnel can access the visitor management system from any device, with the ability to track real-time changes. Not only does this ensure management is up to date on the latest information related to company visitors, but sharing this information also creates a sense of community. It also allows management and security teams to compare, unify, or collaboratively modify processes and policies across sites.
2. Location-Specific Visitor Policies
While it's vital to create a sense of uniformity across all sites, every location has specific local requirements for its visitors and employees, particularly across different countries or regions. Cultures can differ significantly on a global and domestic scale, while regulations can also vary across borders.
Depending on the site, a system can include a run-through of safety requirements such as visitor screening, photo capturing, and the signing of waivers before visitors can enter the facility. Alternatively, a research lab may require all visitors to sign NDAs and limit visiting hours and access to certain areas of the building. A construction site might require visitors to wear a helmet and high visibility clothing before entering the location. Each facility is different.
2. Location-Specific Visitor Policies
Location-specific policies are essential to protect the company, employees, and visitors. With a flexible cloud-based visitor management system, on-site managers can create visitor profiles for their facility while being connected to a larger central hub. By empowering managers to make local decisions, it saves top management time while leveraging the managers' location-specific knowledge.
SwipedOn's visitor management system, for example, is highly customizable. It's designed to work across multiple industries and types of sites, including corporate offices, manufacturing, logistics, technology, aged care, media, and even the consumer goods industry.
3. Inconsistent Sign in Experiences
While each location will have its own visitor sign in policies and procedures, it is important for brand and community building continuity to provide visitors and employees with a familiar, user-friendly experience.
So, how do you accomplish global consistency while providing elements of localization? Create a look and feel that's consistent and familiar across all systems by leveraging your brand's identity. Use its colors, theme, style, and values.
3. Inconsistent Sign-in Experiences
Source Image
Did you know that color increases brand recognition by up to 80%? And brands that are consistently presented are 3 to 4 times more likely to experience brand visibility. Leveraging visuals and creating a consistent visitor sign in experience is one of the best ways to make a memorable impression on guests. You can also have key slogans, messages, and your company values available in the local language of a given site. This creates a globally connected yet locally appropriate experience.
4. Real-time Update Challenges
According to Jindou Lee, CEO and co-founder of HappyCo, "Every day, companies across virtually every industry collect countless data points...the faster their analytics systems can process and interpret this information, the faster they can generate a high-fidelity view of their operations."
Gaining real-time data and making real-time updates are highly advantageous to modern organizations, especially those with multiple locations. Data can improve operational efficiency, workplace security, and can provide valuable data to help evaluate and improve team performance standards. If you're using paper based systems or outdated software, gaining and analyzing data will be challenging, especially if you have multiple global offices with different time-zones.4. Real-time Update ChallengesFor example, if you're in San Francisco, USA and you need to update a visitor policy at a manufacturing plant in Shenzhen, China, it's almost impossible to do so without a global, cloud-based visitor management system. Outdated enterprise or intranet systems are slow and often don't support real-time updates. Slow updates reduce your team's efficiency, productivity, and progress. Moreover, the inability to make timely changes to a visitor policy or updates to your company's NDA can have grave consequences and be extremely costly to your company.
As a business with multiple locations, it's important to tackle your visitor management challenges head-on. SwipedOn's cloud-based visitor management system can quickly, effectively, and affordably solve these challenges. Find out how by signing up for a 14-day free trial. If you found this article helpful, please share it on social media.
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Amy Gallagher
Amy is our Marketing Assistant at SwipedOn.


This question (Sci fi novel about a modern warship that goes back in time) reminded me of a story, that I think was by R.A. Lafferty. It was a novel or long story that I probably read in the 1960s
The plot was about a boat or ship, possibly a sailboat, that travels back in time to the Mediterranean in Roman times. I believe that it was the reign of Augustus, the first emperor, about 27 BC to AD 14, and that the Mediterranean was not as peaceful as one might suppose.
The list of R.A. Lafferty stories doesn't have any titles that sound like they could be about nautical time travel to ancient Rome though.
This could be "The ship that sailed the time stream" (1965) by G C Edmonson
The special research vessel Alice was the oddest ship that ever flew the ensign of the United States Navy; small, wooden-hulled and sail-powered, she would have been less out of place in the Navy of a hundred years ago — if it weren't for the electrician's nightmare of a christmas tree hanging from her main boom. The purpose of the "christmas tree" was to detect enemy submarines. It wasn't very good at that, but when lightning struck it proved itself highly efficient at… something else. For when the smoke cleared, there off the port bow was a long-ship. Full of Vikings. Throwing things. The Alice had become… The Ship That Sailed The Time Stream.
Your Answer


Media releases
Open adoption can leave doors closed for birth mothers, VU study finds
Birth mothers are still experiencing difficulties contacting children that were adopted almost three decades after laws were changed to give them this right, a Victoria University study has found.
Despite legal protection, complete breakdowns in communication with adoptive parents still occur and birth mothers often feel "undeserving" when exercising their right to see the relinquished child.
VU PhD graduate Dr Phillipa Castle interviewed 15 birth mothers aged 21 to 50 who had relinquished a child since the introduction of open adoption in Victoria in 1984.
Open adoption allows the birth mother to choose adoptive parents and negotiate a court-ordered agreement that details the frequency of contact between her and the child.
Dr Castle's study, titled A unique loss: The experience of birth mothers in open adoption, found 20 per cent of the birth mothers experienced an interruption to agreed contact times with the child or a total breakdown of the relationship with the adoptive family.
"The most disappointing aspect is that these birth mothers don't feel confident enough to challenge these violations of their legal agreement in the County Court,'' Dr Castle said. "Unfortunately, the law is not a useful tool of repair because a court case is too confronting or intimidating.
"It shows that birth mothers with terminated arrangements do not utilise the power of the Court if they think the child does not desire it, even if they believe that the child's response is merely a reflection of the adoptive parent's influence.''
She said training for adoptive parents needed to ensure they were "genuinely open to open adoption".
"In some cases the adoptive mother was described as jealous, and contact between the child and birth mother was manipulated, minimised or withdrawn.''
Dr Castle said that open adoption was a generally positive practice because contact between a birth mother and her relinquished child is "at least a partial solution to a painful decision, and a salve to an enormous loss for both parties''.
"Its main drawback is that ongoing contact is continually ambiguous. The birth mother sees that the child is ok and that they are ok without her. It is a solution that appears resistant to fully resolving the grief associated with the act of relinquishment,'' she said.
"As painful as it might continue to be, contact appears better than nothing. One woman told me that it is better to be happy and hurt than hurt and not know about it.''
For interview: Dr Phillipa Castle on 0410 467 410
Media contact:
Daniel Clarke, Media Officer,
VU Marketing and Communications Department
Ph: 9919 9491 or 0407 771 072
See all media releases


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Latest VideosMore Videos
Sid is ready to stay up all night so he and his stuffed animals can pretend to fly into space on a rocket ship! When his Mom insists that he can't stay up, Sid ventures to school to investigate more. He and friends explore how the body needs sleep to properly function, and most important, we need sleep to grow and stay healthy! Understanding that sometimes we feel too excited to sleep (like before an adventure into space), Susie presents a special Super Fab Lab where the kids practice calming down, and preparing their bodies for sleep. Susie lowers the lights, turns off all the sounds in the room, and teaches the kids how to breathe slowly to relax...and sleep!
Watch Sid The Science Kid and more at PBS Kids Video.
Sorry, this episode has no rebroadcasts scheduled at this time.


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- Remember to sign off the eCard with your name!
- Blog title: Thank you from yourname
An eCard could be a digital image some text printed on top of a photo. There are several ways to create one. Here are two suggested ways (you may choose to use other methods that you are familiar with):
- Using KeyNote or PowerPoint, insert a photo into the slide. Insert the desired text. Export the slide as an image.
- Using online dynamic tools like Glogster. This card could be animated. You may generate and embed the HTML codes into the blog post.


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This week Gerald Kitabu interviewed academician and gender activist Rose George Mbezi on how gender division of labour obscures the importance of women work. Excerpts:
QUESTION: I understand that you have conducted research on gender division of labour, what is it?
ANSWER. Gender is a social category referring to the social expectations that are developed and placed upon individuals on the basis of their biological sex. Different roles exist for males and females, through which they are expected to become and act 'masculine' and 'feminine'. Gender division of labour, therefore, is the social construction of roles between men and women.
The roles are then learned, we are not born with them. Gender roles define appropriate manners of interacting, dressing as well as providing limitations on goals and aspirations.
Q: What's the situation like in Tanzania?
A. Gender division of labour is neither rigid nor universal, since the division of tasks varies from one country to another as well as from one community to another. Tanzania has undergone several socio-economic changes regarding the nature of work between the two genders. As such, the distribution of work between men and women has changed to suit the current socioeconomic framework. In the beginning there were several assumptions concerning the work of men and women in the family.
There were clear divisions of labour based on gender. The man of the family, conveniently identified as the breadwinner, is primarily involved in productive work outside the home, while the women as the housewife and home maker takes overall responsibility for the reproductive and domestic work involved in the organization of the household.
Of recent, however, there is an increase of women's involvement in cash economy, especially in the informal sector to subside the income of their households. Women are nowadays supposed to integrate productive, reproductive and community management roles.
In most cases societies as I have already said before, have attached reproductive and community management roles to women and productive roles to men. However in most feminist literature, the sexual division of labour which attaches reproductive and community management roles to the female gender and productive roles to male gender is identified above all as embodying and perpetuating women subordination.
Q: How do they perpetuate women subordination?
A: Actually the basis of women subordination in terms of gendered division of labour lies in the discourses of what is and what is not work in a certain socio-economic context. In most case work is defined according to several criteria such as time and labour spent on it, the cash income it generates and may be the social status or identity it bestowed upon individual by the society or him or herself.
It is obvious that women spend too much time to accomplish their roles in maintaining households and societies in general, and to some, this make them feel good due to what their work do to their families and communities.
The arising problem nowadays is the growing of cash economy. Money is universally used to measure the value of someone work in most societies.
As such, the work that women do in productive, reproductive and community management roles are not understood in conventional economical terms as people are so used to valuing and calculating value of work or things in terms of prices using money. Those whose work brings a lot of money is the ones who are likely to be mostly valued.
Unfortunately, the majority of women in Tanzania are employed in the informal sector. The activities done by the majority of women in informal sector operate in subsistence economy as such, the state receives very little revenue. Sometimes the returns from the activities done are very little to cater for households needs.
It becomes therefore difficult for both the Government and society in general to establish if whether women involved in productive work give value to Government economic establishment and their society in general.
Q: Sometimes, gender division of labour is associated with culture, particularly norms and customs whereby in some societies women are assigned specific duties and barred from doing other duties. What are your views on this?
A: Any healthy society is ordered. So, I do not have any objection with gender division of labour. I am, however, not happy with the value systems of most communities in our country. As you know gender, division of labour is not homogeneous. The division of tasks between men and women is not the same in all communities.
However, often societies develop a certain value system based on the gender division of labour attached to the roles performed by each gender, whether at home or in public. The tendency has been to give men's roles a high value while women's roles are accorded low value.
Q: Are your efforts as gender activists bring any desired results?
A: Yes, to some extent, but remember gender roles are acquired through the socialization process. Socialization is different from learning. The actual process of learning involves a small part of the many more complex ways in which humans become individuals and members of society. Socialization on the other hand refers to such additional factors as the acquisition and acceptance of the ideas, beliefs, behaviours, roles, motives, and thought patterns of a particular culture in a society. So, we still need to work hard to harmonize gender division of labour to facilitate development processes in Tanzania.
Q: By the way, are gender laws and policies friendly to women empowerment?
A: It is difficult to say exactly if gender policies and laws are friendly to women empowerment or not because it depends on someone's view. But I think Tanzania has done a considerable effort to make sure that there are several windows to make gender equity and equality a reality.
Tanzania has ratified the international and regional conventions, protocols and declarations that aim at redressing the violation of human rights at national and global levels including the rights of women, youth and children as vulnerable groups.
At national level, the Government of Tanzania has passed specific laws, which counter gender based violence such as the SOSPA (2001). Tanzania has also issued the Gender and Women Empowerment Policy (2000) plus its implementation strategy (2005) with a view to promoting gender development in the country.
The National Strategy for Gender Development is meant to provide guidance as it outlines the gender main streaming responsibilities for all the sectors (Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Non-State Actors (NSA) and other stakeholders.
In addition, Tanzania has also domesticated the CEDAW through a Country Report. The above gender framework can be used in different sectors to mainstream gender concerns in order to address problems encountered by women and the most vulnerable in our society.
Q. What exactly should be done so that the gendered division of labour is harmonised to facilitate the development process?
A. Let me make myself clear here. I detest the thinking that for women work to be valued they should take the work and responsibilities that are associated with men. For in a society like ours where money is often measured to value the importance of someone's work, women should learn to value their work themselves, appreciate what they do regardless of how much cash it brings.
This will be the basis for more work and more rewards, for one cannot expect to earn or advance more in whatever he or she is doing if in the first place does appreciate what he or she does.
Q. Finally, being a gender activist, what's your advice?
A. No one can deny the fact that societies are sustained through the integrated nature of people's activities regardless of how much cash it brings, it is important therefore to focus on each individual human being (women in particular) as a potential contributor towards building a sustainable development, especially in the current socio-economic changes.


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|Address||P.O. Box 219 Batavia, IL 60510|
Build a simple electrochemical cell using orange juice and copper and magnesium metal. The resulting spontaneous oxidation– reduction reaction will generate enough electricity to power a battery-operated clock. What makes the clock work? How long will the clock run? What happens if the metals are reversed? Use this demonstration to promote inquiry, inspire wonder, and highlight the process of scientific discovery.


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< > Glossary & References / Book List / B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases / Text Sections:
Chapter 1 - Recording and submitting specimen history data
Author: J. Christian Franson
RECORDING AND SUBMITTING SPECIMEN HISTORY DATA
History can be defined as a chronological record of significantevents. In wildlife disease investigations, determining the history or background of a problem is the first significant step toward establishing a diagnosis. The diagnostic process is often greatly expedited by a thorough history accompanying specimens submitted for laboratory evaluation. This information is also important for understanding the natural history or epizootiology of disease outbreaks, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain the history after the outbreak has occurred. Detailed field observations during the course of a die-off and an investigation of significant events preceding it also provide valuable information on which to base corrective actions. The most helpful information is that which is obtained at the time of the die-off event by a perceptive observer.
What Information Should Be Collected
What seems irrelevant in the field may be the key to a diagnosis; therefore, be as thorough as possible. Avoid preconceptions that limit the information collected and that may imperceptibly bias the investigation. A sample specimen history form, which lists some categories of information that are helpful, is in Appendix A. A good description of unusual behavior or appearance, if any, an accurate list of what species were affected, and the number of animals that died are critical pieces of information. Send specimens and the written history to the laboratory as soon as possible. Photographs can be helpful if they convey specific information, such as environmental conditions during a die-off and the appearance of sick wildlife or gross lesions. (Figs 1.1, 1.2)
The following basic information is helpful for diagnosing the cause and assessing the severity of a waterfowl health problem.
Determine if the start of mortality coincided with any unusual event. Environmental changes such as storms, precipitation, and abrupt temperature changes are potential sources of stress that can contribute to disease outbreaks. A food shortage may degrade the condition of birds and increase their susceptibility to disease. Water-level changes in an area may concentrate or disperse birds, alter the accessibility of toxins in food or water, or cause an invertebrate die-off that could lead to an avian botulism (Avian Botulism) outbreak. Attempt to determine whether or not biting insect populations have increased or if such insects are present, because some insects are carriers of blood-borne infections in waterfowl.
The quality of the water used as a source for an impoundment may contribute to disease or mortality; for example, poor water quality may contribute to avian botulism (Avian Botulism) or may be a primary cause of mortality if water contamination by toxic materials and substances such as oil (oil), which can affect the integrity of feathers, is severe. Record recent pesticide applications and other habitat or crop management practices as well as previous disease problems in the area.
Estimating Disease Onset
When estimating the onset of disease, consider: (1) the earliest date when on-site activities could have resulted in the detection of sick or dead birds, if they were present, and the actual date when diseased birds were first seen, and (2) the proportion of fresh carcasses compared with the number of scavenged and decomposed carcasses. The abundance and types of scavengers and predators can be used to predict how long carcasses remain in the area. Other useful information about the onset of mortality can be gained from noting any differences in plumage, including stage of molt, if present, between live and dead birds. Size differences between live and dead nestlings and fledglings may also provide useful information for comparison with known growth rates. Also, air, water, and soil temperatures will affect the speed of decomposition and they should be considered in assessing how long birds have been dead. Include these observations in the history.
Much can be learned by knowing what species are dying. Those species present but unaffected are especially important to note, because some diseases infect a narrow host range and others infect a wide variety of species. For example, duck plague (Duck Plague) affects only ducks, geese, and swans (anseriformes), but avian cholera (Avian Cholera) affects many additional species of water birds as well. Species with similar feeding habits may be dying as a result of exposure to toxins, while birds with different food requirements remain unaffected.
Some disease agents may kill young birds but leave adults unaffected because of age related disease resistance; other diseases kill birds of all ages, although young or old birds may be more susceptible because of additional stress placed on these age groups. When toxins are involved, differences in food habits may result in exposure of young birds, but not of adult birds, or vice versa.
Sex differences in mortality may be apparent in colonial nesters where females are incubating eggs, or in other situations where the sexes are segregated.
Number Sick/Number Dead
The longer a disease takes to kill, the more likely it is that significant numbers of sick birds will be found. For example, more sick birds will probably be observed during an avian botulism (Botulism) die-off than during an outbreak of a more acute disease such as avian cholera.
When observing sick birds, describe the clinical signs in as much detail as possible. Include any abnormal physical features and describe unusual behaviors, such as a sick birds response to being approached. Photographs (Fig. 1.2) of various behaviors or conditions associated with a disease can be especially useful and should be included with the history.
Population At Risk
Try to determine what species, and in what numbers, are in the vicinity of the die-off. This information can provide clues about the transmissibility of disease, and it may be useful during control efforts.
Record recent changes in the number of birds in the area, as well as the species present. In particular note the presence of endangered species. If bird numbers have increased, try to determine where they came from; if bird numbers have decreased, attempt to determine where they have gone. This can often be accomplished when population movements are being monitored for census, hunting forecasts, and other purposes. State, Federal, and private refuge personnel and other natural resources managers are good primary sources of information.
Specific Features Of Problem Areas
Describe the location of a die-off so that a relatively specific area can be identified on a road map. Also include any available precise location data, such as global positioning information or data that will facilitate entering of specific locations into geographical information system databases. Describe the problem area in terms that are sufficiently graphic so that someone with no knowledge of it can visualize its major characteristics, such as topography, soil, vegetation, climate, water conditions, and animal and human use.
Identify where sick and dead birds are found. Especially note the locations of groups of dead birds and any differences of habitat where dead and sick birds are found. Birds found in agricultural fields may be dying of pesticide exposure, birds with more chronic toxicoses usually seek dense cover, and birds dying of acute diseases may be found in a variety of situations. Check any relation between specific bird use of the area and the location of affected birds, such as roost sites, loafing areas, and feeding sites.
If followup investigations are conducted after specimens have been submitted, summarize the findings and observations of those investigations in a supplemental report to the original history. Maintain a copy of the new report in station files, and provide a copy to the diagnostic laboratory where the specimens were sent. Both reports should contain the dates of the investigations, whether air or ground searches were performed, the number of investigators and the time spent on the investigation, the weather conditions, and the time of day when the site was investigated.
The insight provided by good specimen history data and by field observations is invaluable to disease specialists. This information enhances understanding of the ecology of disease, thereby serving as a basis for developing ways to prevent future die-offs or to reduce the magnitude of losses that might otherwise occur.
J. Christian Franson
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text:
A portable basketball goal can provide you and your family with the same amount of fun as an in-ground basketball system with much less hassle. Portable basketball goals come with a hollow base for support, so there is no need to worry about digging a hole or pouring concrete to secure the pole. Since portable basketball goals are free standing, they do require a secure base to ensure that the basket does not tip over and cause injury or damage.
Filling Your Base With Water
Many basketball goals come with 35 gallon bases that can be filled to ensure that it doesn't shift or fall during use or bad weather. Water is the simplest choice, as it is easily accessible to most homes. To quickly secure the basketball goal, use a hose to fill the base completely.
Filling Your Base With Sand
Filling the base with sand is the option suggested by most portable basketball goal manufacturers for a number of reasons. Most importantly, sand is much more dense and heavier than water, and therefore can create a more sturdy foundation for your basketball hoop. Sand weighs just over 13 pounds per gallon while water weighs just over 8, making it the more efficient and reliable option.
Making The Right Choice
Both sand and water will work, and both have their advantages and disadvantages. Water is likely more readily available. Sand is more expensive and filling your base with it can be a messy job, but it is more effective. Basketball hoop manufacturers warn against keeping water in the base during the winter months when there is a possibility it could freeze and damage the base. Water also evaporates, creating more of a danger of your hoop shifting or falling due to a lack of stability. Furthermore, a leak of sand will be much easier to spot.
A Word of Warning
Safety is the most important concern when determining how to anchor your basketball goal, and all basketball goal manufacturers warn against placing bricks, bags of sand or concrete on top of the base. Choosing to do this rather than taking the time to fill the base can cause lead to damage from the hoop falling, or serious injury to the people using the goal.
- Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images


text:
Our social evaluation of other people is influenced by their faces and their voices. However, rather little is known about how these channels combine in forming "first impressions. " Over 5 experiments, we investigate the relative contributions of facial and vocal information for social judgments: dominance and trustworthiness. The experiments manipulate each of these sources of information within-person, combining faces and voices giving rise to different social attributions. We report that vocal pitch is a reliable source of information for judgments of dominance (Study 1), but not trustworthiness (Study 4). Faces and voices make reliable, but independent, contributions to social evaluation. However, voices have the larger influence in judgments of dominance (Study 2), whereas faces have the larger influence in judgments of trustworthiness (Study 5). The independent contribution of the 2 sources appears to be mandatory, as instructions to ignore 1 channel do not eliminate its influence (Study 3). Our results show that information contained in both the face and the voice contributes to first impression formation. This combination is, to some degree, outside conscious control, and the weighting of channel contribution varies according the trait being perceived.
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance|
|Publication status||Published - Jan 2018|


text:
Lockheed's Missile and Space Division designed the YO-3A as a nearly silent observation aircraft. The United States Army used the plane to spot nighttime enemy activity and direct artillery fire during the war in Vietnam. A downward-facing periscope equipped with night vision and infrared (heat sensing) capabilities allowed the aircraft's forward observer to spot activity on the jungle floor, even in nearly complete darkness.
The YO-3A and it's prototype, the QT-2 represent represented the first use of aerial stealth technology in combat. Unlike the stealth aircraft we know today, the QT-2 and YO-3A were not designed to hide from radar, but to hide from human detection. The plane's muffler-equipped engine drove a special slow propeller that eliminated the buzzing sound typical of propeller aircraft. This let the YO-3A operate almost unheard by people on the ground. Lockheed project manager, Stanley Hall described the aircraft's noise as "the gentle rushing sound of the ocean surf".
The Museum's aircraft, 69-18005, was the sixth of just 11 aircraft constructed. It served in Vietnam from 1970–1972 before it was sold to an aviation school. The Museum acquired the aircraft in 2010 from Mr. Bruce Elliot of La Connor, WA.
The YO-3A exhibit tells the story of this highly unique aircraft and looks at the sources of airplane noise and ongoing efforts to quiet them down.


The DJI Ryze Tello Toy Drone EDU is an impressive little drone for kids and adults that's a blast to fly and helps users learn about drones with coding education.
 - Precise hovering
 - Multiple flight modes
 - Program a swarm of drones
 - Mission Pads offer multiple fun uses
 - Learn coding with Swift, Scratch or Python
 - Control Tello Edu with the app on your iPhone or iPad
 - 5MP photos and 720p video with Electronic Image Stabilisation
 - Unlock more programming possibilities with the upgraded SDK 2.0
Drone Swarm
You can program multiples Tello EDUs simultaneously through one device. Use code to control a swarm of Tello EDUs, have them fly over Mission Pads, and perform flips and other acrobatic movements. Improve your programming skills while pushing the limits of your creativity!
Advanced Programming
Mission Pads are a fantastic asset for increased programming precision. They serve not only as guiding points, but as trigger mechanisms. Program with the specific information within each Mission Pad to expand your options and push the limits of Tello EDU. You can write code that will enable your aircraft to recognize each Missions Pad's unique ID, as well as perform aerial acrobatics. Control a swarm of Tello EDUs, and bring your imagination to life.
Discover More with AI
Access video stream data with Tello EDU, creating more possibilities for image processing and AI development. The new SDK 2.0 allows you to develop Tello EDU further, realizing more AI functions such as object recognition*, tracking, 3D reconstruction through programming, computer vision, and deep learning technologies.
Programming Simplified
Tello EDU supports block programming. Simply drag coding blocks on the screen to program Tello EDU and enable certain movements. Additionally, the Tello Space Travel tutorial teaches you how to use the Swift programming language to code on your iPad while following a fun storyline. This space adventure is available via the Swift Playgrounds app. Team up with Tello EDU to explore the universe!
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Welcome To Cowgate Under 5's Centre
Cowgate under 5's Centre is an environment where children unfold happily and busily in a carefully arranged environment, surrounded by peace and love.
We appreciate that selecting an early years environment can be a difficult task and are delighted that you are exploring the possibility of sending your child to Cowgate.
Our primary concern is always the wellbeing, happiness and holistic development of each individual child in the Centre, providing the support necessary to lead them to care for themselves and each other and to adopt a caring attitude towards the environment that surrounds us.
Through our shared responsibility with you we can make decisions together that ensure your child is given the best possible start in life.


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Progressive Counting Within a Phase Model of Trauma-Informed Treatment
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Clinicians are always looking for an intervention that may be more effective, more efficient, better tolerated by clients, or easier to master. Progressive counting is a significant advance in trauma treatment: a study comparing progressive counting to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR, the prior leader in trauma treatment efficiency) found progressive counting to be as efficient as EMDR and as well tolerated by clients. Moreover, progressive counting is much simpler to learn and to do properly and is preferred over EMDR by most therapists trained in both. Now that progressive counting has been proven effective and efficient in controlled research, this book is here to show you how to do it.


text:
This full record display is using an old version of our collections database until it has been reconfigured to work with our new Collections Explorer.
In the meantime, if the record has been edited recently, the version you see here may contain out of date information. To be sure of finding the most up-to-date records please run the search again in Collections Explorer. This is a temporary measure, in place only whilst the new system is being developed, and we apologise for any inconvenience. If you have any questions about the data in this record please contact the Documentation Office
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Calcite bowl, inscribed with an inverted 'ka' sign (a Ka sign is in the form of two raised hands) and a scorpion. Scorpions appear elsewhere as objects from the Main Temple Deposit. A ka sign is typically associated with the Ka spirit, which best compared to the concept of the soul of a person. There is a fragment missing. This type of inscribed bowl was possibly associated with a festival. The centre is simply chiselled out and the walls are relatively thin. This type of stone 'calcite' is sometimes called alabaster.


Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide
To Copy a File or Folder
 1. Make the source and destination folders visible:
 Open a File Manager view of the contents of the destination folder or the icon of the closed destination folder.
 2. Select the file or folder to be copied.
 3. Press and hold the Control key.
 4. Drag the file or folder and drop it onto the destination folder.
 Make sure that you release the mouse button before you release the Control key. Otherwise, you will move instead of copy the file or folder.
 1. Select the icon.
 2. Choose Copy to from the Selected menu.
 3. Type a name into the Destination Folder text field.
 Note that this must be the new full path name for the file. For example, if you want to copy the file report into the folder /u/john, you would type /u/john.
 4. Click OK or press Return.
 To close the Copy File dialog box without copying a file, click Cancel or press Esc.


text: There are key ethical skills that are crucial to psychiatric practice and of relevance to psychopharmacology. You are asked to evaluate a psychiatric colleague's clinical practice at your medical center. He is an attending on the inpatient psychiatry unit. You learn that he was recently devastated by the suicide of one of his patients. From a review of his medical records and a discussion with clinical staff on the unit, you learn that he has been much more aggressive in using pharmacotherapy, and there are instances where it appears that patients whom he is treating were not provided with appropriate informed consent to treatment. Which of the ethical skills for this psychiatrist may be affected?


Home Help and advice How trail cameras work?
How trail cameras work?
by hk
How easy is the trail camera to setup and use?
The trail camera is very easy to setup and use. the camera has a really neat menu system.
Does the camera come with an SD card?
The offer is cracking offer and does not include the card.
How does the camera work?
The camera is a digital camera, motion detection device and video recorded rolled into one.
What can the camera film?
The camera can film anything from small animals upwards. If it is smaller, you will have to place the camera closer to the subject. If it is larger, you can place the camera further away. The bigger the surface area on the sensor, the easier the camera will detect motion and record to the camera.
Where can you place the camera?
The camera can be placed anywhere. The camera comes with a strap and buckle and can easily be strapped to anything.
Does the camera flash and will this give the location of the camera away or scare the subject?
No, the camera has a sensor and if it is dark, the camera will turn on invisible infra-red lights. This does not flash and does not give anything away.
Can I see the pictures or video on the camera?
Yes, the camera has a small colour screen on the back and it is easy to see the live footage through the camera as well as the shots and video taken.
How easy is the camera to use?
It is very easy to use as it has a small colour screen and easy to use buttons and menu system. Like all gadgets, there is an element of learning however with a bit of experimentation you will get there.
Why is the camera a lot cheaper than others?
The camera is made by a new and developing technology company. It is a lesser known brand than others in the marketplace, however the technology is comparable as other brands.
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text:
What is interesting is some will find MIL easier to do in their head than MOA and vise versa. Hence the reason I stated what I did. Find the system you like best, make sure the math is doable for you and then go with it. The reality is though that the math on either system is plenty doable with a little practice.
There are 2 formulas for ranging that are both pretty simple and very similar.
MOAtarget size in inches / MOA reading x 100 = distance to target in yards
MILtarget size in inches x 27.8 / MIL reading= distance to target in yards.
One can also use target size in yards x 1000 / MIL reading = distance in yards
No trig needed!
I still think guys get too wrapped up in the math of it all. Unless you are ranging you shouldn't be using any math at all, just measure with the reticle and make the appropriate adjustments. If ranging is needed then there are simple basic math formulas that will get the job done.
This is so true. Both methods are terribly easy and will accomplish the same thing if you are actually using the reticle for ranging. The problem with ranging with the reticle is that often times you don't know the exact size of your target. You have approximations of size, for instance a mule deer might average 19" from brisket to back bone. What if he is actually 22"? Either way, you should be able to go into a hunt with the first half of the equation answered already. All you have to do is divide by the measurement of either MOA or mil from your scope.
let's do a quick exercise both ways with a deer 19" brisket to backbone deer.
Let's say you measure his size at 4 MOA in your scope
MOA: 19 inches x 95.5 / 4 MOA = 454 yards away
You can also multiply the inches by 100, but 95.5 is the more accurate measure since MOA is not a direct converison to inch.
For mil you measure a 19" buck to be 2 mils. (19" converted to yards is.53 yards.)
Mil =.53 yards x 1000 / 2 mils = 265 yards away
These are extremely simple calculations and both will work if you're in a pinch without a rangefinder.
Wouldn't that technically be IPHY while MOA is x" / MOA * 95.466 y/"?
You are correct, but it's still darn easy. If you actually plan to measure with your scope you should be able to go into a hunt with the first half of the calculation done because, no matter what, you are dealing with approximations of animal size.
I know they are exactly the same as MRAD. The whole 10 based system is why people relate MRAD as metric system which it isn't. It suits metric perfectly but isn't a SI standard unit.
You are correct, MIL and MOA are both angular measurements not imperial or metric. Hence, the reason I point out that guys get too caught up in the math of it all. As I have stated many times, guys really shouldn't use math at all for most of the reasons that a reticle will be used. That is except for ranging where then a formula is necessary.
The problem is though, that trainers, manufacturers, and advertisers all relate MOA to imperial and MIL to metric because the numbers are very close and work if one is to do the math. Plus everyone is trying to find a marketing advantage. And MOA makes more sense to consumers in the US which is why I think it has been more widely popular here. The opposite is true in Europe. In reality the reasons we choose MOA or MIL likely don't matter much and the real differences or advantages of one over another are ignored.
For those of us who use metric as a base, easy measurements are either 1m (upper torso of a man, height of the average whitetail etc) or 30cm which is almost equal to 12" and approximate the size of a human head for example. If you can find targets that size on your game, mils becomes a VERY easy calculation.
For you example, your 19" estimate is very close to 50cm, an easy mil calculation again.
0.5m * 1000 / 2 = 250m
Even if you went with straight inch to m conversion, calculating distance is still easy:
0.4826m * 1000 / 2 = 241.3m ( = 263.888 yd)
There is always going to be error margin on both methods. First is the estimation of target size but with inches and yards you also have a error margin coming from the conversion. 19/36 = 0.53 is a rounded number from 0.52777...... Then add the error margin from the estimation of the mils on the reticle...so all I can say is practice, whatever system you use!
I think we're on the same page here and I don't disagree with you a bit. My point here is that even by using the most accurate figures in calculation, you are still approximating the size of the animal. 50 cm or 19 inches isn't going to make a great deal of difference. But if you go in thinking the approximate size of a mule deer buck is 19" and the buck you have in your scope is actually 22" then the range is going to be off significantly.
It's best to reserve reticle measurements for pinch situations when the rangefinder isn't working or not available.


3D Printing Lending Lab
In the last few years 3D printing has exploded, revolutionizing whatever it touches, from manufacturing to medical sciences to baking. However, the technology is new enough that it has not started filtering down into the schools yet. The Diyode Community Workshop hopes to jumpstart this by providing a 3D Technology Lending Lab for loan to local schools. The lab would include a 3D scanner, printer, a computer loaded with software, and curriculum. This will allow local students to get their feet wet in 3D without the schools having to fight for a new budget item. Funding Goal: $7,000.
Areas of Interest


Artibonite Department
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coordinates: 19°27′0″N 72°41′0″W / 19.45°N 72.683333°W / 19.45; -72.683333
(Kréyòl): Latibonit
Country Haiti
Capital Gonaïves
 - elevation m (20 ft)
Area 4,895 km² (1,890 sq mi)
Population 1,299,398 (2003)
Density 265.5 /km² (688 /sq mi)
Subdivisions 5 Arrondissements
15 Communes
Timezone EST (UTC-5)
 - summer (DST) DST (UTC-4)
Area code +509
ISO 3166-2 HT-AR
Location of the Artibonite Department
Location of the Artibonite Department
Artibonite is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. It is named Artibonite because the Artibonite river flows across the department from east to west. Its capital is Gonaïves.
The independence of Haiti was proclaimed in the Place d'Armes of Gonaïves on 1 January 1804 by Jean Jacques Dessalines.
Geography[change | change source]
The Départment de l'Artibonite, with an area of 4,895 km²,[1] is the largest department of Haiti.
The main river of the department is the Artibonite. Other rivers are Ennery, de l'Estère, Montrouis, Quinte.
The mountain chains here run from west to east and the most important are the Chaine de Terre-Neuve and the Montagnes Noires (in English, "Black Mountains"). There is also part of the Chaine des Mattheux.
It is bordered to the northwest by the Nord-Ouest Department, to the north and northeast by the Nord Department, to the east by the Centre Department and to the south by the Ouest Department. The Gulf of Gonâve is to the west.
Population[change | change source]
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 1,299,398 persons: 625,690 men and 673,708 women, with 422,476 (32.51%) living in cities and towns.[2]
The main cities are Gonaïves (the capital) and Saint-Marc.
Administrative division[change | change source]
The department is divided into five arrondissements (like districts) and 15 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
 1. Dessalines
 1. Desdunes
 2. Dessalines
 3. Grande Saline
 4. Petite Rivière de l'Artibonite
 2. Gonaïves
 1. Ennery
 2. Estère
 3. Gonaïves
 3. Gros-Morne
 1. Anse Rouge
 2. Gros-Morne
 3. Terre-Neuve
 4. Marmelade
 1. Marmelade
 2. Saint Michel de l'Attalaye
 5. Saint-Marc
 1. La Chapelle
 2. Saint-Marc
 3. Verettes
Economy[change | change source]
Most of the rice of Haiti is grown in the Artibonite department, along the valley of the River Artibonite.
References[change | change source]
 2. "Le 4ième Recensement Géneral de la Population et de l'Habitat" (in French) (PDF). Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d'Informatique. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
Drapeau haïtien Departments of Haiti Drapeau haïtien


text: Canyon wrens inhabit cliffs at all elevations. The population trend of these nongame birds is unknown. Nests are cups of twigs or moss built in rock crevices or buildings. Canyon wrens nest from April through July. The female incubates the eggs for 12 days. Fledging occurs after an additional 13 days. Nests will be reused each year. These birds are insectivorous.


I using bcrypt to create a password hash and in the php documentation it says
Caution: Using the PASSWORD_BCRYPT for the algo parameter, will result in the password parameter being truncated to a maximum length of 72 characters.
If I allow users to type more than 72 characters it's like I fooling them because they not using the passsword that they think that they use. So my question is do I need to set maximum length or not
Well Dmitry is right when he says 72 characters is good. If the characters are random enough. (1.78 bits per character).
You can use the approach described (security warning that password is "too long"). Or simply limit password length (with security warning).
If you expect your users to enter more than 72 characters, you could as well use SHA-512 to prehash the password, so you'd feed the hash into the bcrypt (as password) and not the actual password. There are no security issues with this approach. However it is non-standard, so if you do need to provide interopability with other applications (not yours) you can't use it.
I wouldn't worry about it. 72 characters is a quite decent password length, and password truncation is a common practice. Your users will trust you with many security options (like hash algorithm and the number of iterations) which affect security much more than password length.
Implementing a warning wouldn't hurt though, that is, if you have nothing else to implement instead.
 - 1
 Or: "72 characters is the same size as this sentence; don't worry about it :)" – Maarten Bodewes Apr 13 '15 at 21:16
Your Answer


text:
Filters are generally programs which read some input text from standard input, perform some modifications on it, and write the modified text to standard output. While a single filter can be used individually, they are frequently strung together to form a pipeline. Boxes is such a filter program.
Some text editors support filters, which is to say they offer a way to let filter programs make changes to the text being edited. By pressing a key, the user tells the editor to start the filter program (e.g. boxes) and feed it the lines of text selected in the editor. Those lines are subsequently replaced with the output from the filter program.
Here's an example using boxes:
Imagine your editor (in this case, it's Vim) shows the following C code (it could be any text, of course):
Now you mark some of the lines …
… and press the key which makes vim call the filter program boxes:
Voilá! The marked lines have been fed to boxes and replaced by the output of boxes. You've got yourself a box! Of course the same mechanism works for box removal - or anything else you can find a filter for.
Please see the installation section in the boxes docs for more info on how to make your editor work with boxes.


Title: Artificial Intimacy Virtual friends digital lovers & algorithmic matchmakers
Author: Brooks Robert
Publisher: UNSW Press NewSouth
Binding: Paperback
Edition: 2021
APN: 9781742236858 or ISBN(_PHONE_)
People have long told machines what to do by pushing buttons. Now, with advances in technology, machines are pushing our buttons.
In Artificial Intimacy, evolutionary biologist Rob Brooks takes us from the origins of human behaviour to the latest in artificially intelligent technologies, providing a fresh and original view of the very near future of human relationships.
Sex dollbots, digital lovers, virtual friends and algorithmic matchmakers help us manage our feelings in a world of cognitive overload. Apps can sense when a user is falling in love, when they are fighting, and when they are likely to break up. These machines, the artificial intimacies, already learn and exploit human social needs. They are getting better and faster at what they do.
How will humanitys future unfold when our ancient, evolved minds and old-fashioned cultures collide with twenty-first-century technology?


Top 10 biggest Historical Mysteries
Our history has enormous stories including some we haven't yet found. These biggest historical mysteries bewildering researchers for many years but still, these have remained uncertain. Perhaps the new generation may find out them. We have a list of some mysteries in them that haven't solved yet. Maybe you know some of them. Have a look at the 10 biggest historical mysteries.
10: Mystery of Bermuda triangle
The Bermuda triangle is also notorious for the "Devil's Triangle". It situates in the western part region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Here numerous ships and aircraft have disappeared mysteriously. Nobody knows about this mystery that what happened with them. In one article by Miami Herald in 1950, published the disappearance about it. Many trustworthy sources denied this idea of mystery. Even the surrounding areas of the Bermuda triangle are extremely traveled lanes in the world. Many ships cross through it for the ports of America, Europe, and the Caribbean island. Almost regularly the cruise ships and crafts sail through it and aircrafts flyover from it. According to many people, it is still a mysterious land and counts in the biggest historical mysteries in the world.
09: Mysteries about Pyramids in Egypt
The mysteries about pyramids in Egypt also includes in biggest historical mysteries in the world. Pyramids are one of the familiar symbols of the historical Egyptian Pharaohs. Even these multifarious tombs built only the divergent portions of their civilization. It built around the 1st dynasty with a unique shape. One of the durable mysteries of the pyramids axis is how they were built and what was the purpose of making this type of tomb. Maybe some secrets behind it included still one of the mysteries.
08: Mystery of Green Children
During the 12th century, the village of Woolpit in Suffolk, England had reportedly two children with unusual skin color. They conversed in a strange language and ate just raw beans. Ultimately they learned to eat other foodstuffs and gradually lost their green color. But the boy couldn't survive in that environment became sick and died soon. After that girl adjusted in her new life and learned the English language. She told that they came from Saint Martin's land, a subterranean planet. Still, it counted in the biggest historical mysteries that haven't solved.
07: A mysterious Manuscript
The Voynich manuscript, recognized as an old book for almost 500 years. It wrote in a mysterious language that still no open can understand. In 1912, this book got the name after Wilfrid Voynich who bought this book in Italy. Many people tried to understand this book but no was succeeded yet. It counted in one of the biggest historical mysteries. Now a recent theory told that it could be a women's health medical book but quickly it was debunked.
06: Phaistos Disc
Likewise the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disc is also an additional mystery in the biggest historical mysteries that nobody can interpret. It is a clay disc made of some time during the Bronze Age that revealed in 1908. It enclosed with puzzling mysterious symbols. Some proposed that it might have been a type of board game or desired to the supernatural being of fertility. Hence, it is still unsolved.
Read More: Top 10 Historic Prisons in The World
05: The lost colony of Roanoke
Roanoke Island placed on the coast of North Carolina. It recognized by the English settlers in 1587. John White departed it for most supplies in England. He left his wife and children here. Because of the impending war with Spain, he couldn't come back early. When he returned here in 1590, he saw the whole colony had vacant. No one was there. The fortune of the first colonist of Roanoke Island is still a mystery. It is one of the American's biggest historical mysteries in the earth.
04: Mysterious Antikythera mechanism
The Antikythera mechanism was a historical analog computer in the world. It believed to make by ancient Greek scientists around 100-150 B.C. This included one of the biggest historical mysteries in the world. It used to predict astronomical positions and even though tell about eclipses. It remained a mystery because mechanical clocks made in the 14th century, Europe.
03: Mysterious Dancing Plague
In the 15th century, a mysterious plague hit the Strasbourg. It recognized as "dancing plague" A woman whose name was Frau Troffea turned into a slender street and suddenly start dancing. Unintentionally the dancing fever gripped her for many days. After that, it began to suffer others. Because of this around 400 people became infected with the so-called mysterious dancing plague. Even some of them died due to heart attacks and fatigue by this plague. In its climax, probably this plague killed almost 15 people daily. The doctors thought that it was due to hot blood that urged them to dance. However, the mystery is still unsolved that what the reason was for. It consisted of historical biggest mysteries.
2: Mystery of Taboot-e-Sakina
Firstly the Taboot-e-Sakina blessed to Hazrat Adam (A.S) then afterward others prophets according to inheritance. Taboot held some important things like Lauh-e-Quran, Hazrat Musa's Aasa, the original version of Tauraat and some special utensils, etc. It believed that Taboot bestowed to Hazrat Dawood (A.S). He decided to make it for the temple but it didn't complete in his life. After that it completed in Hazrat Suleman (A.S)'s life, that's why it named the Haikal-e-Suleimani. The Taboot remained saved until the attackers of Babul. After attack Taboot-e-sakina misplaced and still didn't find. Some believed that many be Babylon attackers who took it with them. It is one of the biggest historical mysteries in the world.
01: Mysterious Mohenjo-Daro
Mohenjo-Daro was mysterious land of Pakistan that emerged around 4500 years ago. It was advance, prosperous and fully furnished with the latest technology. Its water supply system, disposal system was unique in ancient time. It is the biggest historical mysteries in the world that how they knew the latest technologies and what happened with it that it destructed. It is still a puzzle for many of us.


Bluetooth and ANT+ Sensors
The Dash can be paired to Bluetooth and ANT+ sensors, including power meters, heart rate monitors, speed and cadence sensors, as well as smart trainers and other bio-sensors. To pair to a Bluetooth or ANT+ sensor:
 1. First activate or wake the sensor up.
 - Heart rate monitor: Put the sensor on.
 - Speed/Cadence sensors: Either move or pass by the corresponding magnet.
 - Power meter: Rotate the sensor.
 2. Go to Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensor > BLE or ANT Sensors.
 - A list of sensors available to the Dash will populate.
 3. Select a sensor and then choose from the following options:
 - Cancel: Cancels selection and sensor will not be added
 - Confirm: Adds sensor to the currently selected activity profile.
 - Enabled Activities: Adds sensor to all currently enabled activity profiles.
 - Add to All: Adds sensor to every activity profile.
Manual Entry (ANT+)
ANT+ sensors have simple ANT+ IDs that can be entered and saved to the Dash without using the search function. If the sensor has a visible ANT+ ID, it can be added directly into the activity sensors list:
 1. Go to: Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensors > Manual Entry.
 2. Select Sensor Type, then use the arrow buttons to select the correct sensor category.
 3. Press the enter button to confirm selection, then select Confirm.
 4. Locate the ANT+ ID number on your sensor and enter it into the number field.
 - Use the arrow buttons to change the digit and then use the enter button to advance to the next digit.
 - Note that if your sensor ID is shorter than the number of fields, it should be preceded by 0s.


Public Participation Meetings/Panels
Public Participation Panel Guidebook
SPC maintains Public Participation Panels (PPPs) for each county in its transportation planning region. Residents do not need to travel outside their own county to address SPC. PPP meetings are open to the public. Appointed Members represent the population of their respective counties in regards to age, income, ethnicity, special needs, and special interests. Members help to "get the word out" about what they learn at meetings to the groups they represent. They also assist SPC by reaching out to involve the general public.
Public Participation Panel Meetings
Jared Bedekovich
Public Involvement Specialist
_PHONE_


Mortensen Math
From Montessori Album
What's new?!
Mortensen Math was developed by Jerry Mortensen (V.J. Mortensen) while working as a Montessori elementary teacher in the 1970's. It is also called More Than Math.
Photos of standard Montessori lessons modified to be done with Mortensen blocks:
Mortensen Math Direct
This is the official Mortensen Math website, but the site is hard to navigate and many of the sections don't seem to be working.
Math-U-See is based on Mortensen Math, but the lessons are more structured and formal. They also more closely follow the order of skills as they would be taught in traditional schools. It was developed by Steve Demme after being trained in the Mortensen Math method. This is widely available as a homeschool curriculum.
Geoff White
This is the website of Geoff White who developed his own teacher's handbook for teaching Mortensen Math ($65 in.pdf form).
The blocks pictured here are Math-U-See blocks. They are the same colors and size as Mortensen blocks, but are easier to come by. (The quality is also a bit better.)
Mortensen 1-10.JPG Mortensen 100 10 1.JPG
Further Reading
Mortensen Instead essay by Judith Townsend


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Tab Panel
The TabPanel UI component consists of Tabs and MultiView components. The TabPanel automatically synchronizes the selected tab with the currently displayed view and vice versa.
Generate Similar Tabs Based on a Data Source
To generate similar tabs and views, bind the TabPanel to data. Use the items[] or dataSource property to do this. Both these properties can work with local arrays, but dataSource also accepts a DataSource object. You can use this object if you need to process the local array or fetch the array from a remote data source. In this demo, the dataSource property is set to a local array.
Each object in the items[] or dataSource array can contain predefined fields, such as title or icon (see the items[] section for the full list). The TabPanel automatically recognizes these fields and creates the default tab and view appearance based on them. However, if your data objects contain custom fields, you need to specify the itemTitleTemplate and itemTemplate that define how to display the fields in tabs and views. This demo illustrates the latter use case.
Create Individual Tabs
If you want each tab and view to have differently structured content, define individual templates. To do this, assign an array of objects to the items[] or dataSource property and specify the tabTemplate and template properties in each object. This use case is illustrated in the following tutorial: Getting Started with TabPanel.
Switch Between Tabs
To switch between tabs programmatically, use the selectedIndex property. It accepts the index of a tab in the dataSource or items[] array. The onSelectionChanged function allows you to perform the desired actions when the selected tab changes.
Use the following properties to configure user navigation between tabs:
 - swipeEnabled
 Defines whether to switch between views with a swipe gesture.
 - loop
 Specifies whether to loop views.
 - animationEnabled
 Specifies whether to animate transition between views.
You can switch the checkboxes below the TabPanel to change the loop, animationEnabled, and swipeEnabled property values.
View Demo


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How about that professional atheist American?
He's so hated. Debated and segregated. (depending on the situation)
segregate 1 |ˈsegriˌgāt|
verb [ trans. ] (usu. be segregated)
set apart from the rest or from each other; isolate or divide : handicapped people should not be segregated from the rest of society.
- separate or divide (people, activities, or institutions) along racial, sexual, or religious lines : blacks were segregated in churches, schools, and colleges | [as adj. ] ( segregated) segregated education systems.
- [ intrans. ] Genetics (of pairs of alleles) be separated at meiosis and transmitted independently via separate gametes.
segregable |-gəbəl| adjective
segregative |-ˌgātiv| adjective
ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin segregat- 'separated from the flock,' from the verb segregare, from se- 'apart' + grex, greg- 'flock.'
for family and friends
see you on the other side of history!


text: The main purpose of controlling the distillation process is to maintain the composition of the products in an intended specification in order to optimize operating costs and meet market requirements. Line analyzers and laboratory analysis are generally used for composition information. However, such alternatives are expensive, do not provide information in real time and are not always feasible or available. In this context, soft sensors emerge as a cheaper alternative. The aim of this work is to develop a soft sensor to infer online the ethanol content in the products of a batch distillation process of watermelon wine, based on temperature measurements. The developed model consists in a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network with one hidden layer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to optimize the weights. In order to train and validating the ANN, real distillation data of water-alcohol binary mixtures with initial compositions similar to the watermelon wine used. The simulation was also validated with real data of wine distillations. The RMSE was applied in the performance evaluation of the model and its result was 0.029 in mass fraction, showing the feasibility of its use as a soft sensor.


text:
Balls-into-bins processes are a useful and common abstraction for many load-balancing related problems. A well known paradigm for load balancing in distributed or parallel servers is the "multiple choice paradigm" where an item (ball) is put in the less loaded out of d uniformly chosen servers (bins). In many applications however the uniformity of the sampling probability is not guaranteed. If the system is heterogenous or dynamic it may be the case that some bins are sampled with a higher probability than others. We investigate the power of the multiple choice paradigm in the setting where bins are not sampled from the uniform distribution. Byers ηl showed that a logarithmic imbalance in the sampling probability could be tolerated, as long as the number of balls is linear in the number of bins. We show that if the number of balls is much larger than the number of bins, this ceases to be the case. Given a probability over bins, we prove tight upper and lower bounds for the number of choices needed in the 1-out-of-d scheme in order to maintain a balanced allocations when the number of items is arbitrarily high.
|Published in||SPAA '07: Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures|
|Address||New York, NY, USA|


text:
When installing a Knox Box, consider the following:
- Knox Boxes shall be mounted as near as possible to the primary entry door and shall not be visually obstructed. This normally will be the main entrance door to the business.
- The box should not be located further than six feet laterally from the door.
- The Knox Box should be installed no higher than five feet or no lower than two feet above the ground or walk area.
- The Knox Box for a gate shall be located on the gate or on a fence or wall within six feet of the gate.


text:
How do I view my screen history?
Before you start
Before viewing a screen's history, here are some things to note:
- To ensure that screens appear in the screen history, follow the screen-replacement process mentioned in this article: How do I replace a screen?
- Currently, you cannot view screen history for a Studio prototype.
- You cannot restore old screen versions from History mode.
Viewing a screen's history
To view a screen's history:
- Sign in to your account and navigate to the Projects page.
- Open your prototype and click to open the desired screen.
- At the bottom of the page, click the History mode icon ().
- To view a previous screen version, navigate to the left column and click the desired version.


Real plane curve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In mathematics, a real plane curve is usually a real algebraic curve defined in the real projective plane.
Since the real number field is not algebraically closed, the geometry of even a plane curve C in the real projective plane is not a very easy topic. Assuming no singular points, the real points of C form a number of ovals, in other words submanifolds that are topologically circles. The real projective plane has a fundamental group that is a cyclic group with two elements. Such an oval may represent either group element; in other words we may or may not be able to contract it down in the plane. Taking out the line at infinity L, any oval that stays in the finite part of the affine plane will be contractible, and so represent the identity element of the fundamental group; the other type of oval must therefore intersect L.
There is still the question of how the various ovals are nested. This was the topic of Hilbert's sixteenth problem. See Harnack's curve theorem for a classical result.
See also[edit]


text:
Access to virtual machines should be authenticated using SSH keys. Removing the option of password authentication enforces more secure methods while removing the risks inherent with passwords.
Using password authentication is less secure that ssh keys may result in compromised servers
Use ssh authentication for virtual machines
The following example will fail the azure-compute-disable-password-authentication check.
The following example will pass the azure-compute-disable-password-authentication check.


text:
The word spatchcocking refers to the process of removing the backbone and breaking the breastbone of a bird. The partially boned fowl can then be spread open and flattened for cooking. While similar to butterflying, the process of spatchcocking implies the use of whole poultry rather than a single cut of meat. It is believed that the word is derived from the term "dispatch the cock."
Spatchcocking a turkey, chicken, or any other poultry results in a bird that takes up less oven space, cooks more evenly and quickly, and is easier to carve.
Source: Flickr User thebittenword.com


A cube ( each side of the cube has length 15 mm. ) of germaniumpasses a current of 25 mA when 9 mV is applied between two of itsparallel faces. Assuming that the charge carriers are electronsthat have a mobility of 0.39 m2 V-1s-1, calculate the density of the carriers.
Expert Answer
Get this answer with Chegg Study


text:
Question What are the benefits of asynchronous messaging?
A Less coupling between the sender and receiver. B Blocks until message is processed C Suitable for transaction processing D Network is not required to be available E Can be implemented using EJB
Choices A, D are correct.
My doubts are Why Choices E is not correct.
what is meaning of Network is not required to be available?
1) Network is not required to be available - it might be not well worded statement, which means that message consumer may be offline when message is sent, and this won't mean messsage lost (should be reliable subscription though).
2) Why Choices E is not correct. If this mock is for old version of SCEA, it assumed EJB 1.1, and probably MDB EJB was introduced later (EJB 2.0, IIRC).
I think E is incorrect because it really does not states a benefit of using Asynchronous messaging. maybe this could be rewritten as "The use of MDBs improves the portability of the asynchronous system" or "The use of MDBs as async solution improves the reliability because the server will manage the persistence of the incoming messages."


text:
DIY Touchscreen Gloves
If you or someone you know has wanted a pair of those slick gloves to use on touchscreen phones and tablets, stop looking. The good people at Popular Science recently published a do-it-yourself method of turning gloves into gadget gloves. OK, so it may be more fun to buy a pair and gift them. But if you are watching your budget – or want a pair yourself – take a look at these instructions, as republished from Popular Science.
1. Order silver-plated nylon thread (silver conducts electricity). This can be difficult to find in stores, but major online retailers carry it.
2. Pick a pair of gloves to modify. Although leather works, it's harder to push a needle through.
3. Stitch the figure of a star or other solid shape onto the glove's index finger with the thread, making sure it will contact both the touchscreen and your skin.
4. Bundle up and tap away.


text:
IMMIGRANTS TO USA.
The following is to be found at _URL_ From Branch Jackson Carden, Jr.:
"Into this area, in the year 1642, moved ROBERT CARDEN recently a migrant colonist from the British Isles. The land grant office in Richmond now contains the records of these early immigrants who came to the eastern shore of Virginia from 1623 to 1666. The original lists have been indexed in recent years. During the 43-year period approximately 25,000 colonists entered the Virginia Colony. Many came with land grants obtained before embarking from England. Others came as headrights for other individuals who already possessed land grants or for companies organized by British firms for the purpose of establishing grants. ROBERT CARDEN is listed as a headright for Abraham Turner and Co. Whether or not he was also an indentured servant is not known, but he did, eventually, acquire land of his own."
After claiming that Robert Carden above was a brother of the first JOHN CARDEN of Tipperary, he continues -A number of other Cardens came to the Virginia Colony from England in the1600s, among these are:-
1635, March 28 - Joseph Curden arrived on the "Speedwell", listed as age 22;
1642 - Another Robert Cardin arrived, this time from Hillington Parish,Middlesex;
1642 - John Carden arrived;1650, October 18 - Grigory Cordon arrived transported by Lewis Burwell;
1663, June 3 - Edwin Cordon arrived transported by John Hughlett;
1672, March 23 - Roger Carden arrived transported by Edward Revell;
1672 - Robert Cardin arrived transported by Thomas Gouldman;
1674, April 8 - James Carder arrived transported by Richard Whitehead.


Leslie Shah
Senior Facilitator; Facilitation Fellow, Spring 2019
Country of origin: USA
Date started with Soliya: 2018
Field of work: I am a public health professional, a Growing Diverse Leadership Coach, a mediator, a facilitator, and a mom. I actively practice non-violence. I work to support healthy human interaction.
One accomplishment that you're proud of: I am training to become a Teacher of English to Speakers of Other Languages. It was during a session that it became really clear to me that being able to speak, hear, write, and read in English is a way out of poverty, globally.
What about Soliya inspires/motivates you to be involved? When the group grows suddenly quiet with an understanding of who they are and how they are in relationship to each other, it is empathy in the making.
What can you be found doing when not working/facilitating/training? When I am not facilitating, I am writing poetry, working in or with anti-poverty programs, and doing homework.
Favorite food: All things Chinese food related.


text: Thriving on musical extremes, Hendrix mastered balls-out incendiary electric blues soloing, but tempered it with a gentler approach to his ballads, one that acknowledged R&B greats such as Curtis Mayfield and Pops Staples, and even country pianist Floyd Cramer. On the flip side of Hendrix's universe, Examples 3 and 4 guide you through some characteristic Hendrix-style ballad moves derived from familiar A major, dominant, and minor chord shapes played in the fifth position. Similar partial-chord runs are applied to make magic over the Em-G-Am-Em progression in Ex. 5. Fly on, brother.


text:
Elwood Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Elwood Name Meaning
habitational name from a place in Gloucestershire, which is probably named from Old English ellern 'elder tree' + wudu 'wood'. from the Old English personal name Ælfweald, composed of the elements ælf 'elf' + weald 'rule'. In the British Isles this spelling is now found predominantly in northern Ireland.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Heywood, Elford, Henwood, Redwood, Elton, Wood, Yarwood, Cawood


text:
Probabilistic Models for Tissue Characterization in Ultrasonic and Magnetic Resonance Medical Images and Applications
Tissue characterization in medical images is of paramount importance for diagnostic purposes, since it permits physicians to differentiate between healthy and diseased tissues. Several techniques exist for providing such a characterization. Most common ones make use of pattern recognition algorithms, which learn features from textures and their capability of extrapolation allows them to provide a classification of tissues. Other approaches make use of the underlying physical processes of the acquisition and try to characterize the mechanisms that produced the received signals. The main advantage of these techniques is that their performance is not limited by their capability to learn patterns from training sets. Conversely, they depend on the accuracy of the assumed physical models. The Thesis here proposed studies tissue characterization from this perspective. Specifically, it focuses on the probabilistic characterization of tissues in ultrasonic (US) and magnetic resonance images (MRI), since their underlying physical models give rise to probabilistic models describing the resulting patterns. The statistical description of US provides an important information of the backscattered echo from tissues, which exhibits a characteristic pattern known as speckle. The parameters of the statistical models allow identifying the features of tissues and provide important descriptors for classification. Many segmentation, filtering, or classification algorithms rely on a Bayesian approach where an accurate statistical model becomes necessary. As a consequence, modeling the statistics of US envelop signals has been a very active area. However, the complex composition of tissues that may show combinations of different kinds of speckle in the resolution cell, and the transformations of data during the acquisition process, make it difficult to provide a proper probabilistic description of signals. This results in the absence of agreement on the probabilistic distributions that characterize tissues in US. Though the underlying physics that govern the acquisition of MRI and US are completely different, the distributions that model noise in MRI are similar to those of the ultrasonic speckle. In the case of MRI, the presence of noise affects the performance of post-processing techniques such as segmentation, registration, or estimation and, thus, the application of techniques to remove the noise in MRI are of great interest. Hence, tissue characterization techniques used in US can be potentially used for denoising purposes in MRI. This Thesis aims at characterizing the random nature of tissues in US imaging at different steps of the acquisition process. For this purpose, the main assumptions of the probabilistic models for speckle are revisited, as well as how they are influenced by the different acquisition stages. As a result, new models for the probability distributions of interpolated, filtered, and log-compressed speckle are proposed. The heterogeneity of tissues is also studied and modeled along with other probabilistic distributions that consider the highly impulsive response of speckle. Additionally, new mathematical tools are developed to characterize probability distributions. The proposed models provide the bases for four new applications within the scope of US and MRI processing: the probabilistic classification of tissues in US; the reduction of speckle via anisotropic filtering; the estimation of the parameters of log-compressing in US acquisition; and the denoising of MRI as an extension of the probabilistic models devised for US.


higher is better. If the images significantly differ you'll get much lower ones like 15 and so. This similarity check is easy and fast to calculate, however in practice it may turn out somewhat inconsistent with human eye perception. The **structural similarity** algorithm aims to correct this. Describing the methods goes well beyond the purpose of this tutorial. For that I invite you to read the article introducing it. Nevertheless, you can get a good image of it by looking at the OpenCV implementation below... seealso:: SSIM is described more in-depth in the: "Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600-612, Apr. 2004." article... code-block:: cpp Scalar getMSSIM( const Mat& i1, const Mat& i2) { const double C1 = 6.5025, C2 = 58.5225; /***************************** INITS **********************************/ int d = CV_32F; Mat I1, I2; i1.convertTo(I1, d); // cannot calculate on one byte large values i2.convertTo(I2, d); Mat I2_2 = I2.mul(I2); // I2^2 Mat I1_2 = I1.mul(I1); // I1^2 Mat I1_I2 = I1.mul(I2); // I1 * I2 /***********************PRELIMINARY COMPUTING ******************************/ Mat mu1, mu2; // GaussianBlur(I1, mu1, Size(11, 11), 1.5); GaussianBlur(I2, mu2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); Mat mu1_2 = mu1.mul(mu1); Mat mu2_2 = mu2.mul(mu2); Mat mu1_mu2 = mu1.mul(mu2); Mat sigma1_2, sigma2_2, sigma12; GaussianBlur(I1_2, sigma1_2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma1_2 -= mu1_2; GaussianBlur(I2_2, sigma2_2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma2_2 -= mu2_2; GaussianBlur(I1_I2, sigma12, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma12 -= mu1_mu2; ///////////////////////////////// FORMULA //////////////////////////////// Mat t1, t2, t3; t1 = 2 * mu1_mu2 + C1; t2 = 2 * sigma12 + C2; t3 = t1.mul(t2); // t3 = ((2*mu1_mu2 + C1).*(2*sigma12 + C2)) t1 = mu1_2 + mu2_2 + C1; t2 = sigma1_2 + sigma2_2 + C2; t1 = t1.mul(t2); // t1 =((mu1_2 + mu2_2 + C1).*(sigma1_2 + sigma2_2 + C2)) Mat ssim_map; divide(t3, t1, ssim_map); // ssim_map = t3./t1; Scalar mssim = mean( ssim_map ); // mssim = average of ssim map return mssim; } This will return a similarity index for each channel of the image. This value is between zero and one, where one corresponds to perfect fit. Unfortunately, the many Gaussian blurring is quite costly, so while the PSNR may work in a real time like environment (24 frame per second) this will take significantly more than to accomplish similar performance results. Therefore, the source code presented at the start of the tutorial will perform the PSNR measurement for each frame, and the SSIM only for the frames where the PSNR falls below an input value. For visualization purpose we show both images in an OpenCV window and print the PSNR and MSSIM values to the console. Expect to see something like:.. image:: images/outputVideoInput.png :alt: A sample output :align: center You may observe a runtime instance of this on the 'YouTube here '_... raw:: html