Beannachtaí na Féile Pádraig Oraibh! – Happy Saint Patrick's Day!
Please Share!
By Róislín
Do you recognize any of the words in the Irish phrase above? "Pádraig" [PAW-drig] perhaps, since that is the name "Patrick" in the Irish language.
Hmm, you might be wondering, what exactly is the Irish language? Don't people in Ireland speak English? Well, yes, they do, but some people also speak "Gaeilge, [GAYL-ig-yuh] " the native language of Ireland. Currently about 73,000 speak Irish every day in Ireland and all the schoolchildren learn the language. Some people outside Ireland also speak the language, especially in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Britain, countries where many Irish people have emigrated. Sometimes it is their descendants, three or four generations down the line, who learn the language.
The Irish language isn't structurally similar to English at all. Its closest linguistic neighbor is Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), which is spoken in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and in Nova Scotia, Canada. The next closest language is Manx Gaelic, from the Isle of Man, which has also given us the famous tailless Manx cat.
So what does the language look like and sound like? Here are a few samples, which will also bring us back to our St. Patrick's Day greeting (Beannachtaí na Féile Pádraig):
Irish English
Bó[boh] cow
Capall [KAH-pul] horse
Buachaill [BOO-uh-khil] boy
Cailín [like "Colleen"] girl, colleen
Croí [kree] heart
An tSeamair [un TCHAM-irzh] the shamrock
Béigeal uaine [BAY-gyul OO-in-yuh] a green bagel (!)
Beoir uaine [byohr OO-in-yuh] green beer
Féile [FAYL-yuh] a feast day [to honor a saint]
Beannachtaí [BAN-ukh-tee] greetings or blessings
Oraibh (OR-iv) on you (plural)
Getting back to "Beannachtaí na Féile Pádraig oraibh," taken word by word, it means "greetings of the feast day of Patrick on you." In other words, "Happy St. Patrick's Day!"
You might have noticed the word "happy" is not actually in the phrase. Nor is the word "saint," which is "naomh" [neev] in Irish. This often happens when we translate from one language to another. Different words are used to express the same basic meaning.
You might like to learn the Irish word for "happy" though, so you can use it in the song "Lá Breithe Sona Duit." "Sona" means "happy." "Lá breithe" [law BRE-huh] means "day of birth" and "duit" means "to you" (singular).
So now you can say "Happy St. Patrick's Day" and "Happy Birthday" in Irish. All from one blog.
To learn more about the Irish language, please check out "Irish Blog," or Transparent's other language learning products,
One Response to Beannachtaí na Féile Pádraig Oraibh! – Happy Saint Patrick's Day!
 post. They are really convincing and can certainly work.
 Still, the posts are very brief for beginners.
 Could you please prolong them a little from next time?
 Thank you for the post.
Leave a Reply


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1. In the blue left-hand menu bar, select classroom actions.
2. Click 'Add Entry'
3. Tap the + icon and tap "Activity"
4. Tap on the child(ren) that this activity will apply to.
5. Write a description of the activity.
6. Click 'Create Entry'
This will add the activity to the daily reports of all the children that were selected.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Understanding the costs associated with motor vehicle incidents (MVIs or crashes) is an essential part of a business case that motivates management to pay attention to road safety and allocate resources to prevent work-related crashes. The MVI Cost Calculator helps build that business case.
It's an easy and efficient tool to:
- Estimate costs of potential MVIs, and understand the financial advantages of preventing them
- Identify and summarize the real costs of crashes experienced in your workplace
- Track information that facilitates evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety program that prevents crashes and avoids associated costs
Gather the Information You Need Before You Start
In the steps that follow, you will be asked to enter a few types of information. In preparation, you may want to talk to other managers or people in your payroll or human resources departments to get a range of representative values. Call service providers (e.g. towing company, body repair shop) to get estimates of those costs. If you are tracking a real incident, speak with the people who handled the invoices. Ask about:
- Salaries and hourly rates for employees or other people who may be involved
- Costs estimates for significant cost components – emergency response, first aid, vehicle recovery, site clean-up and remediation, repairing or replacing damaged vehicles and company or third-party property, etc.
- Cost estimates for less tangible losses - downtime, lost productivity, loss of reputation, and lost sales or contracts opportunities
- The organizations' current WorkSafeBC Base Rate and Experience Rating
- Premiums and deductible amounts for vehicle, cargo, health care and other insurances that will be affected by a crash-associated claim
Using the MVI Cost Calculator
- On page one, enter information to describe the incident. Make sure that information you plan to track and/or compare with other incidents is on the Incident Overview page.
- Complete fields using actual values or reasonable estimates for crashes that are common in your industry or that may occur in the driving circumstances and conditions your employees encounter.
- For some items there are two entry fields - one is the hourly wage or salary of the person who will do that work, the other is the actual or estimated hours necessary to do that work. The form automatically calculates the product and enters it in the "Costs" column.
- For other items you will see an entry field in the "Costs" column only. Enter actual or estimated values in each of these cells.
- Not all line items will apply to every MVI. When that's the case, leave the data entry field blank.
- Periodically save your work.


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Tags:The First Noel violin lesson,christmas music,how to play The First Noel in violin,Paul Huppert,_URL_
Grab video code:
Hi, this is Paul Huppert with OnlineLessonVideos.com. In this lesson we'll be working on the timeless Christmas tune The First Noel. It will be in the key of D major and we'll be covering two different octave ranges. I hope you enjoy the lesson.
Keep in mind when playing this arrangement of The First Noel that essentially we're using allegato stroke throughout or very singing like tone rather like if you have a paintbrush on your hand you want a lot of pliability or flexibility in the wrist and fingers which tends to soften the bow changes somewhat and make everything a little more seamless. Let's start at the beginning.
And here open A is perfectly fine. You can placendo a bit to this point as the down beat of measure seven and then after that you can taper finishing off the phrase.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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You must have administrator rights to access this feature.
This add-in conveys data edits made in ArcMap to the customer's Cartegraph database. If you edit data that participate in a two-way integration in ArcMap, the ArcMap Workstation should have the Cartegraph ArcMap Add-in installed. These are the workstations where GIS users edit GIS data with ArcMap. As GIS data is edited in ArcMap, the add-in component communicates with the Cartegraph Web Server to keep the Cartegraph database in sync with the geodatabase. In order for the Add-In to work, the SOE must be installed on the ArcServer and the feature layer must be registered as versioned. If the add-in is not installed or not configured, the sync must run to see any updates in Cartegraph.
Functions of the Cartegraph Service Object Extension (SOE)
Essentially the SOE provides the following two pieces of functionality that are essential to proper integration between Cartegraph and Esri ArcGIS Server:
The extension writes a metadata tag to each feature class Cartegraph integrates with. This metadata tag ensures the feature class in question only integrates to one instance of Cartegraph, since it reads the integration information from the tag, and also allows the Cartegraph Add-In for ArcMap to determine which Cartegraph server it should inform about changes made to an integrated feature class.
The extension also checks for duplicate records in the feature class at the time of integration by scanning the unique ID field determined by the end user during field mapping to ensure a successful integration. If duplicates are found, you are informed and the integration is prevented until you address the duplicate records.
Use the Cartegraph user name and password instead of the ArcGIS Identity user name and password. See Installing the SOE.
Download the files:
Installation and Configuration
The SOE for the ArcGIS Server and the Cartegraph ArcMap Add-In for ArcMap workstations are each a single file for deployment.
- Copy the CartegraphAddin.esriAddIn file to a location on the ArcMap machine or a shared network location.
- In ArcMap, from the Customize menu, select Add-In Manager to open the Add-In Manager.
- Click the Options tab and add the folder where you placed the add-in.
- For the Security Setting, select either the second or third choice to enable third-party add-ins.
- Click Customize to open the Customize dialog box.
- Click the Commands tab.
- For Show commands containing, enter Cartegraph.
- Select the Menus category, which displays the Cartegraph menu in the second column.
- Drag this menu up to the ArcMap menu bar.
- Click Close.
- From the new Cartegraph menu, select Cartegraph Options.
- Enter the Cartegraph Web server URL and a Cartegraph user name and password with permissions to edit the integrated Cartegraph data.
- Click Test to confirm the settings.
- Click OK.
- Repeat this process on all workstations where geodata is edited.


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Wednesday January 8 : Of Authors Authenticity and Authority | a DAI PUBLIC lecture by Dr. Nishant Shah
7:30 - 9:00
Location: DAI auditorium
The Internet as it was imagined has been dying. In the age of Edward Snowden and PRISM, the potentials and promises of all things digital have taken a sinister turn. Especially when it comes to cultural production and participatory movements, there is a deep Balkanisation where more than half the intellectual property rights reside with a handful of global media conglomerates. Remixing, as a part of the Copy+Paste cultures has been seen as a challenge and a subversive movement that challenges the intellectual property regimes that govern the production, distribution and access to digital material. In this talk, Nishant Shah draws from historical processes, personal anecdotes and contemporary battles around intellectual property rights in India to dislocate remix from its centrality within content-based processes. Instead he proposes that new structures of authorship, authority and authenticity need to be built in order to realise the true potentials of remix lie.


[112nd Congress]
[House Document 111-157]
[Jeffersons Manual of ParliamentaryPractice]
[Page 204]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, _URL_]
[[Page 204]]
 sec. xxiv--bills, first reading
Sec. 399. Obsolete requirements as to first reading of bills. When a bill is first presented, the Clerk reads it at the table, and hands it to the Speaker, who, rising, states to the House the title of the bill; that this is the first time of reading it; and the question will be, whether it shall be read a second time? then sitting down to give an opening for objections. If none be made, he rises again, and puts the question, whether it shall be read a second time? Hakew., 137, 141. A bill cannot be amended on the first reading, 6 Grey, 286; nor is it usual for it to be opposed then, but it may be done, and rejected. D'Ewes, 335, col. 1; 3 Hats., 198.


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You can type or hand write as well as sketch drawings in OneNote.
With OneNote, you can enter typed and handwritten notes and other information with a keyboard or an inking device such as a mouse, a Tablet PC, or a graphics tablet.
If you use a Tablet PC, handwritten notes can be converted into text (handwriting recognition). If you're using OneNote on a desktop or laptop, you can still use an inking device, or simply, "ink," for writing or drawing, but handwriting recognition is not available. Also, keep in mind that hand writing with a mouse is very difficult and is not recommended.
As with paper, you can write (or type) anywhere on a OneNote page. Just click and write. The inking technology is really great if you'd like to include sketches or diagrams; you can doodle away as you would on paper.


Grand Prairie, TX
Grand Prairie profile
Living in Grand Prairie
Grand Prairie is a relatively large city located in the state of Texas. With a population of 194,543 people and 35 constituent neighborhoods, Grand Prairie is the 15th largest community in Texas.
Unlike some cities where white-collar or blue-collar occupations dominate the local economy, Grand Prairie is neither predominantly one nor the other. Instead, it has a mixed workforce of both whiteand blue-collar jobs. Overall, Grand Prairie is a city of sales and office workers, professionals, and service providers. There are especially a lot of people living in Grand Prairie who work in office and administrative support (13.65%), sales jobs (9.79%), and management occupations (7.73%).
Also of interest is that Grand Prairie has more people living here who work in computers and math than 95% of the places in the US.
One downside of living in Grand Prairie, however, is that residents on average have to contend with a long commute, spending on average 30.44 minutes every day commuting to work.
The education level of Grand Prairie citizens is a little higher than the average for US cities and towns: 23.59% of adults in Grand Prairie have at least a bachelor's degree.
The per capita income in Grand Prairie in 2018 was $26,761, which is upper middle income relative to Texas, and middle income relative to the rest of the US. This equates to an annual income of $107,044 for a family of four. However, Grand Prairie contains both very wealthy and poor people as well.
Grand Prairie is an extremely ethnically-diverse city. The people who call Grand Prairie home describe themselves as belonging to a variety of racial and ethnic groups. People of Hispanic or Latino origin are the most prevalent group in Grand Prairie, accounting for 47.48% of the city's residents (people of Hispanic or Latino origin can be of any race). The greatest number of Grand Prairie residents report their race to be Black or African-American, followed by White. Important ancestries of people in Grand Prairie include German, Irish, English, African, and European.
Foreign born people are also an important part of Grand Prairie's cultural character, accounting for 22.83% of the city's population.
The most common language spoken in Grand Prairie is English. Other important languages spoken here include Spanish and Vietnamese.


How Did Making Of Tools Influence The Life Of Early Humans?
How did Stone Age man make fire?
Conditions of these sticks had to be ideal for a fire..
What did early humans use stone tools for?
What technology came from the Neolithic Age?
In consequence, Neolithic weaponry grew more technologically advanced, as well. Daggers, axes, and arrowheads were all used by Neolithic warriors. These were primarily made of stone through the same methods as stone tools, and then mounted on wooden handles and shafts.
What effect did the Ice Ages have on early humans?
What was the first tool used by humans?
What is the importance of tools and equipment?
What were Neolithic tools made of?
Where do humans evolve from?
Why are tools important to humans?
Why did the early humans need tools?
Early man needs tool to protect themselves from wild Animals and used to kill them for food. they used tools to cut trees and use them for lighting purpose.
How did tools improve during the Stone Age?
Home erectus was able to walk upright and could control fire. They used stone tools like the hand ax and the Homo habilis used tools for chopping and scraping. How did tools improve during the Old Stone Age? People learned to use flint to make tools and attach wooden handles to the tools.
How did tools and weapons change during the Stone Age?
During these years, people still used tools and weapons made of stone, but as they adapted from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle into farming, their uses changed and became multi-purpose. The axe was made from a process of striking and shaping rock, called flaking, for protection and for clearing fields.


Guest, Barbara Hand Clow
Guest Name:
Barbara Hand Clow
Barbara Hand Clow
Guest Occupation:
Author, astrologer, cosmologist, ceremonial teacher, researcher
Guest Biography:
Barbara Hand Clow is an internationally acclaimed ceremonial teacher, astrologer, cosmologist, author, and Mayan Calendar researcher. Her numerous books include The Pleiadian Agenda, Alchemy of Nine Dimensions, Awakening the Planetary Mind and The Mayan Code. Her recent two books are part of a trilogy: Revelations of the Ruby Crystal, and its sequel, Revelations of the Aquarian Age,
Revelations of the Aquarian Age is the second of three works of fiction in the "contemporary spiritual and erotic thriller genre" by this bestselling author. The quasi-fictional narratives reveal church revelations and esoteric teachings on Jesus and Mary Magdalene, holy relics, sacred sexuality and art. This is a very well-researched book which received early praise from Nicki Scully, Tricia McCannon, Graham Philips, Andrew Collins and others.
"Barbara Hand Clow opens the door to understanding the importance of the Divine Feminine to heal our world and why the wisdom once taught by Jesus and Mary Magdalene, which was repressed by the Church for over 2000 years, is so crucial to the time we are living in now." Tricia McCannon, author of Return of the Divine Sophia.
Barbara has taught at sacred sites throughout the world
Revelations of the Aquarian Age


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Clinical Decision Making - instructions to candidates
This component of the MCCQE Part I assesses problem-solving and Clinical Decision Making skills. You will be presented with approximately 45 to 55 case descriptions. Each of them is followed by one to four questions that assess key issues in the resolution of the case. Of the 45 to 55 cases, approximately 10 are pilot cases that are not used in the calculation of your final score. There is an average of approximately 80 questions to answer in this component of the exam. You may be asked to elicit clinical information, order diagnostic procedures, make diagnoses, or prescribe therapy. Your decisions should reflect the management of an actual patient. All questions are either in a short-menu or write-in format.
A short-menu question is similar to a Multiple-Choice Question. However, instead of presenting a list of four or five possible answers, a short-menu question typically offers a list of 6 to 40 options. You may be asked to select only one of these options, select up to a specified number, or select as many as are appropriate. Please note that the majority of questions are worded in the plural; for example "treatments", "diagnoses", etc. Even when you are asked to select "treatments", there may be only one correct answer.
A write-in question asks you to supply your answer by typing it in.
To ensure that your write-in answers receive the maximum credit possible, follow these rules:
- Record only one response in each of the boxes provided. If a question instructs you to "List four diagnoses," four boxes will be provided, one for each response. Typing in more than one response in a box will result in you being given a score of zero.
- Be specific. For example, "thyroid disease" is an unacceptable diagnostic response when "hyperthyroidism" is the correct diagnosis.
- If you are asked to list drugs or medications, use generic names. Read such questions carefully to determine if you are also required to specify the route of administration and dosage.
- Word your responses carefully. Correct answers typically consist of single words or short phrases.
How to respond to questions
It is essential that you follow these instructions for each question. The instructions are reflected in the scoring criteria for the questions.
- Some questions specify the exact number of responses to be typed in or to be selected (for example, "List only one"). Exceeding the number of responses requested will result in you being given a score of zero for the entire question, even if your responses include the correct answers.
- Some questions place an upper limit on the number of responses to be typed in or selected (for example, "Select up to six"). Do not exceed that number. However, you may not need to select or list that exact number either; a question instructing you to "Select up to six" may have a correct answer consisting of only three or four responses. Guessing to build your answer up to the permitted number of responses presents the risk of selecting some of the wrong responses. If you select inappropriate investigations or treatments, you could be given a score of zero for that question.
- Some questions leave it to your judgment to type in or select as many responses "as are appropriate". What you deem to be the "appropriate" number should be dictated only by what you would do in the actual clinical situation. You should not be tempted, for example, to provide an excessive number of responses in an effort to ensure that you have included the correct response. The scoring keys for this type of question:
- Set limits on the maximum number of acceptable responses as an excessive number may imply that you would over-investigate a patient
- Penalize inappropriate responses.
In either case, a score of zero will be given.


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Penta people, the Pentominoes, always build their houses from five
square rooms. I wonder how many different Penta homes you can
Can you make these equilateral triangles fit together to cover the
paper without any gaps between them? Can you tessellate isosceles
A tetromino is made up of four squares joined edge to edge. Can
this tetromino, together with 15 copies of itself, be used to cover
an eight by eight chessboard?
Below is a pattern which can be created using a pair of
compasses and a ruler, and a photograph of an Islamic Star.
Use the interactivity to make this Islamic star and cross
Can you produce the following tessellations:
regular octagons with two different types of triangle?
irregular hexagons with triangles and squares?
Click on a region of the pattern to change its colour. The
colours will cycle between white, green, purple and orange if you
Use the CLEAR button to change everything back to white.
version of the above interactivity


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Tracking the Hotrod Trace the optimal trajectory for the hotrod example with the initial conditions given in Problem. This may require sketching trajectories that are not shown in Fig. 7, but are in the families of those trajectories shown. The sketches should resemble those in Fig.
(x0, ẋ0) = (3, −1)


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Level Design Guidelines
- All Jungle Levels should have enough '1' tiles for a Black Market to spawn. If the game cannot spawn a Black Market on the chosen level, it will crash.
- If your Ice Caves levels are crashing the game, move the exit to another chunk.
- Do not require players to use Force Level, instead, go under Level->Project Settings and set the starting level to the target level.
- Enable "Quick Restart resets to current level" under Level->Project Settings if your levels are particularly difficult to allow the player to reset to the level they died on.
- Under Level->Project Settings set the Olmec/Yama fight level to be after your last level in the pack.
- Do not use '=' tiles in the Ice Caves, use '+' instead.
- Use'm' (unbreakable) terrain tiles where you do not want the player to break through.
- Use 'q' (anti-obstacle) terrain tiles where you do not want the game to spawn tikis / area-specific obstacles.
- Use '.' (unmodified) terrain tiles where you do not want your terrain to be changed by the generator.
- Use water tiles ('w') and Destroyed Cobweb entities to remove unwanted tiles/entities placed by the game.
- To allow the player to reach Hell place down a Hell Bible somewhere within reach.
- The Hell Bible can be found either in the Entity Picker or as the '#' tile in all areas past the Mines.
- You can use Bullet entities to have high-damage entities that float in mid-air.
- Any height water negates all fall damage (useful for falling starts).
- Giant Spider Cobweb Projectile entity negates fall damage if the player falls through it.
- When modifying Olmec, you can only modify the first two and last row of chunks, however you can place entities anywhere.
- When doing Force Level on Olmec/Yama, you must enter through Quick Restart, not the lobby. Otherwise the game will put you in the end cutscene.
Working with Mouse
- Left Click:
- Click Once: Pick Tile/Entity
In Tile Editor:
- Left Click:
- Click Once: Position cursor with one-tile size
- Click and Drag: Position cursor and size it
- Right Click:
- Click Once: Position cursor and place down currently picked tile
- Click and Drag: Draw with currently picked tile
- Middle Click:
- Click Once: Position cursor and erase tiles at position
- Click and Drag: Draw with eraser
Working with Keyboard
- Arrow Keys
- Move cursor in specified direction
- Ctrl+Arrow Keys
- Move cursor in specified direction (skipping 1 tile)
- Shift+Arrow Keys
- Size cursor in specified direction
- Reset Cursor Size to top left
- Reset Cursor Size to bottom right
- Alt+Arrow Keys
- Navigate currently picked tile/entity in tile picker
- In tile picker pick tile under cursor
- Open Entity Picker (then type desired entity and press Enter)
- Open Tile Picker Search (then type desired tile and press Enter)
- Any Text Character Key
A-Z a-z 0-9!#$%&*+,-.|~
- Place down tile by key text
- Erase tile and move cursor forward
- Erase tile and move cursor backward
- Backtick (')
- Place down currently picked tile in tile picker


Climatic regions of India
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Climatic zones in India, based on the Köppen classification system
India has a large variation in climate from region to region, due to its vast size. India experiences climate from four major climate groups. These can be further subdivided into seven climatic types. For ecological regions, see Ecoregions of India, for Regions see List of regions of India.
Tropical wet (humid) climate group[edit]
The regions belonging to this group experience persistent high temperatures which normally do not go below 18°C even in the coolest month.
Tropical wet (dry,humid)
The west coastal lowlands, the Western Ghats, and southern parts of Assam have this climate type. It is characterised by high temperatures throughout the year, even in the hills. The rainfall here is seasonal, but heavy and is above 78 cm in a year. Most of the rain is received in the period from May to November, and is adequate for the growth of vegetation during the entire year. December to March are the dry months with very little rainfall. The heavy rain is responsible for the tropical wet forests in these regions, which consists of a large number of species of animals.Evergreen forests are the typical feature of the region.
Tropical wet and dry or savannah climate
Most of the plateau of peninsula India enjoys this climate, except a semi-arid tract to the east of the Western Ghats. Winter and early summer are long dry periods with temperature above 18°C. Summer is very hot and the temperatures in the interior low level areas can go above 45°C during May. The rainy season is from June to September and the annual rainfall is between 75 and 150 cm. Only central eastern Tamil Nadu falls under this tract and receives rainfall during the winter months of late November to January.
Dry climate group[edit]
This group consists of regions where the rate of evaporation of water is higher than the rate of moisture received through precipitation.
Tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate
A long stretch of land situated to the south of Tropic of Cancer and east of the western ghats and the Cardamom Hills experiences this climate. It includes Karnataka, interior and western Tamil Nadu, western Andhra Pradesh and central Maharashtra.This area receives minimal rainfall due to being situated in the rainshadow area. This region is a famine prone zone with very unreliable rainfall which varies between 40 to 75 cm annually. Towards the north of Krishna River the summer monsoon is responsible for most of the rainfall, while to the south of the river rainfall also occurs in the months of October and November. The coldest month is December but even in this month the temperature remains between 20°C and 24°C. The months of March to May are hot and dry with mean monthly temperatures of around 32°C. The vegetation mostly comprises grasses with a few scattered trees due to the rainfall. Hence this area is not very well suited for permanent agriculture.
Sub-tropical arid (desert) climate
Most of western Rajasthan falls under this climate type characterised by scanty rainfall. Cloud bursts are largely responsible for the all the rainfall seen in this region which is less than 30 cm. These happen when the monsoon winds penetrate this region in the months of July, August and September. The rainfall is very erratic and a few regions might not see rainfall for a couple of years. The summer months of May and June are very hot with mean monthly temperatures in the region of 35°C and highs which can sometimes reach 50°C. During winters the temperatures can drop below freezing in some areas due to cold wave. There is a large diurnal range of about 14°C during summer which becomes higher by a few more degrees during winter. This extreme climate makes this a sparsely populated region of India.
Sub-tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate
The region towards the east of the tropical desert running from Punjab and Haryana to Kathiawar experiences this climate type. This climate is a transitional climate falling between tropical desert and humid sub-tropical, with temperatures which are less extreme than the desert climate. The annual rainfall is between 30 to 65 cm but is very unreliable and happens mostly during the summer monsoon season. Maximum temperatures during summer can rise to 40°C. The vegetation mostly comprises short coarse grass. Some crops like jowar and bajra are also cultivated.
Sub-tropical humid climate group[edit]
The temperature during the coldest months in regions experiencing this climate falls between 18 and 0°C.
Sub-tropical humid (wet) with dry winters
The foothills of the Himalayas, Punjab-Haryana plain adjacent to the Himalayas, Rajasthan east of the Aravalli range, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and northern part of West Bengal and Assam experience this climate. The rainfall is received mostly in the summer and is about 65 cm in the west and increases to 250 cm annually to the east and near the Himalayas. The winters are mainly dry due to the land derived winter winds which blow down the lowlands of north India towards the Bay of Bengal. The summers are hot and temperatures can reach 46°C in the lowlands. May and June are the hottest months. Winter months are mostly dry with feeble winds. Frost occurs for a few weeks in winter. The difference in rainfall between the east and the west gives rise to a wide difference in the natural vegetation.
Mountain climate or highland climate or alpine climate
In the Himalayan mountains the temperature falls by 0.6°C for every 100 m rise in altitude and this gives rise to a variety of climates from nearly tropical in the foothills to tundra type above the snow line. One can also observe sharp contrast between temperatures of the sunny and shady slopes, high diurnal range of temperature, inversion of temperature, and variability of rainfall based on altitude.
The northern side of the western Himalayas also known as the trans-Himalayan belt is arid, cold and generally wind swept. The vegetation is sparse and stunted as rainfall is scanty and the winters are severely cold. Most of the snowfall is in the form of snow during late winter and spring months. The area to the south of the Himalayan range is protected from cold winds coming from interior of Asia during winter. The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well exposed slopes get heavy rainfall. The places situated between 1070 and 2290 m altitudes receive the heaviest rainfall and the rainfall decreases rapidly above 2290m. The great Himalayan range witnesses heavy snowfall during winter months of December to February at altitudes above 1500m. The diurnal range of temperature is also high.
The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim experience this kind of weather.


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Jul 03 2012
If you are struggling to choose which female honorific is the most appropriate to address the modern woman, be sure that you are not the only one. It is not an easy question.
Below we have detailed an explanation of Mrs., Ms., and Miss that should help you to address ladies correctly.
The three nouns Mrs., Ms., and Miss appeared in the 17th century and come from the female English title Mistress which was used to refer to all women. The full stop of the abbreviations is generally used in the USA and Canada whereas in the UK the abbreviations are commonly written without any full stop.
Ms. is slightly old fashioned compared to the two other titles but has been revived in the 20th century. This English honorific is mostly used in business and public life to address a lady. This is generally used when her marital status is unknown. It is neutral regarding marital status. The plural for Ms. can be Mss. or either Mses.. You may also use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes.
Miss is used to refer to an unmarried woman, or girls under eighteen in some countries. Miss alone is frequently used by schoolchildren to address a female teacher no matter what her marital status is. The plural for Miss is Misses or you may use the traditional French "Mesdemoiselles".
Finally, Mrs. is strictly used to refer to a married woman. For the plural you can use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes like for Ms.
Some women may have a preference for Ms., Miss, or Mrs. and if a woman has a professional title, it is more appropriate to use that title such as Doctor, Professor, or Captain instead of Ms., Miss, or Mrs.
So what is your favorite Mrs., Ms., and Miss?
STAR Translation Services


text:
Whether it's your first time or one-hundred-and-first time reading Little Women, you'll love immersing yourself into the imaginative world of the March sisters, their beloved Marmie, and the wistful, lovelorn Laurie. An electronic eBook makes Louisa May Alcott's novel easier to read than ever before.
- Project specific pages onto the board when discussing reading from the night before
- Allow class members to read the PDF on tablets during silent reading time
- URL for the publisher is on a footnote of intermittent pages
- Does not provide opportunities for annotation or highlighting unless you are using a PDF program with editing capabilities
- Streamlined PDF format makes it easier to assign the book than with a class set of novels
- Learners who enjoy reading in their smartphones can engage with the text


University of Helsinki: Volatile biomarkers as identifiers for pathogenic oral bacteria
Volatile biomarkers are compounds that exist in gaseous form or easily change phase from liquid to gas. In the human body, they exchange between blood and the lungs, and consequently, can be detected from the exhaled breath. Examples of volatile compounds are malodorous sulfur compounds present in the morning breath or ethanol, which has been traditionally measured from the exhaled breath with a breathalyzer.
The aim of the research is finding new volatile biomarkers for pathogenic oral bacteria. Bacterial species responsible for periodontitis and other serious infections, such as abscesses, are the main subject of interest.
Oral infections are prevalent both in Finland and globally. Approximately 74 percent of Finnish adults have inflammation of the gum tissue, known as gingivitis, and 21 percent have already developed periodontitis, a disease destroying the supportive tissues around teeth. Oral infections can also cause sepsis, if pathogenic bacteria are able to enter the bloodstream in large amounts, for example, through an abscess. Furthermore, oral infectious diseases have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly decrease the risk for developing a serious oral infection. The detection and identification of pathogens via volatile compounds, whether from human exhaled breath or a culture, would be a quick and cost-effective diagnostics method for oral infections.
In the recent Nature
Scientific Reports
publication, the focus is identifying the volatile compounds produced by the selected oral bacteria and measuring the capacity in which these bacteria are able to produce certain compounds. The analysis was done with a combination of two mass spectrometric methods, which provide sensitive, real-time information about the concentrations of the volatiles, as well as their concrete identification.
According to the results, the studied oral bacteria can be distinguished based on the volatiles produced. In addition, the real-time measurements suggest that bacteria produce distinct compounds in different phases of their lifecycle. Certain compounds are connected to the active growth of the bacterial cells and others to cell death. This knowledge could be used, for example, to evaluate the progress of antibiotic treatment, if the volatiles connected to bacterial cell death are increased in the exhaled breath of the patient.
Next, the bacterial findings reported in the recent publication are combined with human breath measurements. The final goal is to develop a breath test for detecting and monitoring oral infections. In the future, analysis of volatile biomarkers could be a quick complimentary method for basic microbiological laboratory tests, such as bacterial culturing. Furthermore, infections could be detected non-invasively in the future by measuring volatile biomarkers from the human exhaled breath. Reliable methods based on the analysis of volatile compounds could also be further develop for viral and fungal infections as well.
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text:
Directed Experiential Learning in Ecological Restoration
Also: ES 250
Conducted in relation to work or volunteer activities with a host organization identified by the student and approved by the RNS Academic Administrator or the Director of the School of Environmental Studies. Student engages in application and assessment of methods in ecological restoration. Must include at least 150 hours of applied activities. Assessment typically involves a reflective journal and final paper. Students are responsible for proposing an internship and arranging for a supervising instructor.
- Credit will be granted for only one of ER 250, ES 250.
- May be taken more than once for credit in different topics for a maximum of 3 units.
- Permission of the program.


text:
Two judo fighters face off, one in a white judogi (the traditional judo uniform) and one in blue. They reach for each other's shoulders and lock arms, in what looks like an awkward dance, before the fighter in blue throws his opponent head-over-feet onto the mat.
Judo and mixed martial arts have become increasingly popular over the past few years and scientists have taken note. The two fighters were actually filmed as part of a science experiment that demonstrates how researchers can quantify exactly how the athletes are spending their energy. The video will be published in JoVE, the Journal of Visualized Experiments.
Previously, researchers have only been able to study predictable sports that are easy to replicate in the laboratory, such as running. With this new method, scientists will be able to study the team and individual sports that have previously been neglected.
"Each sport has specific characteristics which confer different metabolic demands to them," said paper-author Dr. Emerson Franchini. "One of the most important aspects of the metabolic demand is the relative contribution of the energy systems."
Three energy systems are used in exercise: the aerobic metabolism, which uses oxygen to convert nutrients into energy; lactic anaerobic metabolism, which doesn't require oxygen and makes energy exclusively from carbohydrates, with lactic acid as a by-product; and alactic anaerobic metabolism, which makes energy without oxygen and doesn't produce lactic acid.
In this article, the researchers chose to study judo, a complex and unpredictable sport. To figure out the relative contributions of each energy system, the researchers recorded the participants' resting oxygen consumption, and used a portable gas analyzer (which looks a little bit like a mini jet-pack) to measure exercise oxygen consumption. The researchers took these measures, as well as post-exercise oxygen consumption, rest lactate concentration, and peak lactate concentration post-exercise, and used various mathematical formulas to determine how much each individual energy system contributed.
"One amazing aspect of this method is that it can provide information regarding the energy demands of specific components within a sport," said JoVE Content Director, Dr. Aaron Kolski-Andreaco. "For example, the relative contributions of the energy systems can be calculated for different Judo throws, and the authors elegantly demonstrate this in their article."
As the authors point out, the problems with assessing unpredictable or team sports in the laboratory has meant that less attention has been paid to those sports by scientists. They hope that this method will help change that.
More information: To watch the full video article, please follow the link: _URL_


Help Us, Help Them!
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text:
Projects per year
Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the "proof of concept" for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use.
Bibliographical note© H. Hoste et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2022.
- Anthelmintics/therapeutic use
- Plant secondary metabolites
- Circular economy
- Gastrointestinal nematodes
- Plant specialised metabolites
- Anthelmintic resistance
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
1/05/18 → 30/09/22


text:
Romans go drinking
This Roman pot was made in Highgate Wood, close to Muswell Hill. The potter may have intended its shiny finish to look like pewter. The Romans would have used the vessel for drinking wine or beer. It was made between ad 70 and 160.
How was the beaker made?
Clay was dug out of the ground around Highgate Wood. The potters removed any stones or roots before 'throwing' the pot on a fast-turning wheel. They then dipped the beaker in liquid clay or'slip', so that it would have a clean, glossy surface. They used a comb to apply the dots, then fired the pot in a kiln heated with wood or charcoal.
Roman potters of Highgate Wood
Local potters seem to have had years of experience making pots - long before the Roman invasion of ad 43. As Roman London grew, they saw a business opportunity supplying jars, bowls and beakers to the Romans.
Archaeologists discovered at least ten kilns in Highgate Wood during the 1960s and 1970s. You can't see the kilns now, but the Information Centre in Highgate Wood has information about the Romans and the local environment.
Find out more about the Highgate Wood Information Centre
Museum number 3097


text:
Date of Conferral
Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
Students in Pennsylvania are falling behind in reading proficiency. Early literacy skills are the foundation for future reading success and students who have not learned to read proficiently by the end of 3rd grade have an increased chance of failing to achieve academic success. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers' perceived self-efficacy for literacy instruction and preschool literacy assessment scores of students at local private preschool classrooms. The research question focused on the relationship between preschool teacher self-efficacy for literacy instruction and student literacy achievement. Bandura's self-efficacy theory served as the theoretical foundation of the study. Preschool teachers' (n = 31) perceived levels of self-efficacy for early literacy instruction was measured using the Komlodi Assessment for Self-efficacy (KASE) survey. A Pearson correlation analysis of the KASE survey data along with preschool student literacy assessment scores from the Teaching Strategies GOLD preschool assessment was completed to determine whether a relationship exists. The results, however, revealed no significant correlation between teacher self-efficacy and student literacy achievement. The findings suggested that the preschool teachers perceived themselves as effective in both literacy instruction and knowledge of literacy concepts, but less efficacious in their ability to diagnose and provide successful interventions to students struggling with literacy. Recommendations include offering professional development opportunities to strengthen the skills where preschool teachers feel less effective. A focus on professional development and support for teachers may promote social change as students achieve higher early literacy proficiency and become successful members of society.


The CONCATENATE function will allow you to combine the text values from multiple cells into a single text string. The "Text" values can be a combination of absolute cell references and text.
This function is most commonly used for creating dynamic titles within a dashboard based on the combination of selections. This function is also used for generating queries with parameters defined from the Xcelsius model.
All rights reserved Goodman Group LLC


text:
The Transportation Futures Project: Planning for Technology Change
David M Levinson, Adam Boies, Jason Cao, Yingling Fan
Report no. MnDOT 2016-02
After a long period of system deployment of the auto-highway system, and several decades of maturity of that system, the surface transportation sector is facing a large number of technological shifts that could change whether and how people travel. While nascent, their prospects are potentially significant. This research proposed to explore these technologies - ascertain their potential market, consider their interactions, understand what that might do to travel demands, and address how planning and forecasting should respond. This research developed a series of white papers: high-level policy briefs based on our analysis of each technology, its direction, and its implications for Minnesota. This work extends and complements the MnDOT 50 year vision expressed in Minnesota GO. It also builds on the ideas developed in the NCHRP 750 project: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation. The timeframe on these technologies varies, and the authors looked at deployment paths over time rather than simple snapshots in time.


f Pouring Water and Weighing Puzzles
Pouring water I
Water Puzzle
Pouring water II
Given three bowls: 8, 5 and 3 liters capacity, divide 8 liters in half (4 + 4 liters) with the minimum number of water transfers. Note that the 8-liter bowl is initially filled with 8 liters of water and the other two bowls are empty - that is all water you have.
Pouring water III
Given three bowls: 7, 4 and 3 liters capacity. Only the 7-liter is full. Pouring the water the fewest number of times, make the quantities of 2, 2, and 3 liters.
Pouring water IV
How can you measure 6 liters of water using only 4 and 9-liter bowls?
Pouring water V
Water Glasses
Measure exactly 2 liters of water if you have:
1. 4 and 5-liter glass
2. 4 and 3-liter glass
Pouring water VI
Given three bowls: bowl A (8 liters capacity) filled with 5 liters of water; bowl B (5 liters capacity) filled with 3 liters of water; and bowl C (3 liters capacity) filled with 2 liters of water.
Can you measure exactly 1 liter, by transferring the water only 2 times?
Weighing I
Digital Scale
You have 10 bags with 1000 coins each. In one of the bags, all coins are forgeries. A true coin weighs 1 gram; each counterfeit coin weighs 1.1 gram.
If you have an accurate scale, which you can use only once, how can you identify the bag with the forgeries? And what if you didn't know how many bags contained counterfeit coins?
Weighing II
A genuine gummy drop bear has a mass of 10 grams, while an imitation gummy drop bear has a mass of 9 grams. Spike has 7 cartons of gummy drop bears, 4 of which contain real gummy drop bears and the others - imitation.
Using a scale only once and the minimum number of gummy drop bears, how can Spike determine which cartons contain real gummy drop bears?
Weighing III
This puzzle goes a step further from the previous one.
You have eight bags, each of them containing 48 coins. Five of those bags contain only true coins, the rest of them contain fake coins. A fake coin weighs 1 gram less than a real coin. You have an accurate scale, with the precision of up to 1 gram.
Weighing only once and using the minimum number of coins, how can you find the bags containing the fake coins?
Weighing IV
Unbalanced Scale
Weighing V
On a Christmas tree there were two blue, two red, and two white balls. All seemed same. However, in each color pair, one ball was heavier. All three lighter balls weighed the same, just like all three heavier balls.
Using a balance scale twice, identify the lighter balls.
Weighing VI
There are 9 similar balls. Eight of them weigh the same and the ninth is a bit heavier.
How would you identify the heavier ball if you could use a two-pan balance scale only twice?
Weighing VII
Given 27 table tennis balls, one is heavier than the others.
What is the minimum number of weighings (using a two-pan balance scale) needed to guarantee identifying the heavy one? Of course, the other 26 balls weigh the same.
Weighing VIII
Suppose that the objects to be weighed may range from 1 to 121 pounds at 1-pound intervals: 1, 2, 3,..., 119, 120 and 121. After placing one such weight on either of two weighing pans of a pair of scales, one or more precalibrated weights are then placed in either or both pans until a balance is achieved, thus determining the weight of the object.
If the relative positions of the lever, fulcrum, and pans may not be changed, and if one may not add to the initial set of precalibrated weights, what is the minimum number of such weights that would be sufficient to bring into balance any of the 121 possible objects?
Hourglass I
Sandglass Sandglass
Having 2 sandglasses: one 7-minute and the second one 4-minute, how can you correctly time 9 minutes?
Hourglass II
A teacher of mathematics used an unconventional method to measure a 15-minute time limit for a test. He just used 7 and 11-minutehourglasses. During the whole time he turned sandglasses only 3 times (turning both hourglasses at once count as one flip).
Explain how the teacher measured 15 minutes.
Burning Fuses
Your job is to measure 45 minutes, if you have only two cords and matches to light the cords.
 1. The two cords are twisted from various materials and so their different segments can burn at different rates.
 2. Each cord burns from end to end in exactly one hour.
Check out more Math Brain Teasers >>


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After searching for a long time, I'm surprised this question was not asked yet. In a 2D, tiled-map game, how do you handle the map? I'd be glad to have your point of view in any languages, though I'm more interested in C++ implementations.
A 2D array, a 2D vector, a class handling a linked-list with ad hoc computing to handle coordinates, a boost::matrix...? What solution do you use and why?
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5 Answers 5
up vote 9 down vote accepted
One thing I've done for an RPG style map - that is, houses you can enter, dungeons, etc is have 4 main structures: a Map, an Area, a Zone, and a Tile.
A Tile is obviously a tile.
A Zone, or a chunk, or whatever, is an area of X by Y tiles. This has a 2D array.
An Area is a collection of Zones. Each Area can have different Zone sizes - the overworld may use a 32x32 Zone, whereas a house may have one 10x20 Zone. These are stored in dictionaries (so I can have Zone (-3, -2)).
A Map is a collection of Areas, all of which are linked to each other.
I felt this allowed me greater flexibility rather than having one huge map.
share|improve this answer
Yay, 3000 rep. :) – The Communist Duck Mar 11 '11 at 15:52
I don't feel that this necessarily answers OP's question. That is the way you store it, but is it in an array? Vector? – Kenny Worden Feb 7 '13 at 20:45
I'll explain what I do for a specific case of tiled maps: this is for effectively infinite maps, ones where the world is generated on demand but you need to save modifications to it:
I define some cell size "N" and split the world up into squares/cubes "NxN" or "NxNxN"
A cell will have a unique key. I generate mine by hashing or using directly the formatted string:"%i,%i,%i",x,y,z (where x,y,z are the world coordinates of the start of the cell divided by N)
Storing the tiles indices in arrays is straightforward as you know you have NxN tiles or NxNxN tiles. You also know how many bits your tile type takes up. Just use a linear array. It makes loading and saving/releasing the cells simpler to handle too.
Any accessor merely needs to generate the key for the cell (to make sure it's loaded/generated, then get the pointer to it), then use a sub index to look inside that cell. to find the tile value at that specific point.
Extracting the cell by its key, I currently use a map/dictionary as generally I process whole cells at once (wouldn't want to know how bad a hit it would be to do a dictionary lookup per tile, eek).
Another point, I don't keep mobs / players in the cell data. The actively dynamic stuff needs its own system.
share|improve this answer
The question probably wasn't asked because you don't need an alternative. For me, it's:
Tile tiles[MAP_HEIGHT][MAP_WIDTH]; if the size is fixed.
std::vector tiles(MAP_HEIGHT*MAP_WIDTH); otherwise.
share|improve this answer
With C++ TR1 one can use std::array for fixed size with "no" performance penalty and get potentially nicer iterator semantics. – user744 Mar 2 '11 at 22:45
Another reason to use 2d arrays (using C arrays or std::vector or std::array, or the equivalent in other languages) is that they're rather compact. The percentage of space used to store game data (out of the total size of the data structure) is close to 100% with 2d arrays, but often much lower with sparse arrays, linked lists, hash tables, arrays of pointers, or other structures. This matters less in PC games but many platforms are memory limited, and compact representations help with load times and the cpu cache. – amitp Mar 5 '11 at 6:07
It would depend on the style of game and map honestly. For a relatively small rectangular tile map, I'd probably just stick with a 2d array. If the map was very irregularly shaped (lots of empty gaps), a wrapper around linked lists that provides O(1) indexing would probably be my choice.
An integer indexed array gives you a _PHONE_^2 2d array. That's pretty big, but exceeds what you'd what to load into memory. If the map was to be large scale, another thing to look at is dividing the map into chunks. Each chunk is fixed size and contains a sub-array of tiles that could be loaded/unloaded as needed to keep memory lower.
share|improve this answer
There's no advantage to using a quad-tree for this rather than simply chunking the map at fixed sizes, and lots of gained complexity. – user744 Mar 2 '11 at 16:12
Ah, didn't explain that one well - chunked sections works better. – Leniency Mar 2 '11 at 18:02
I am toying with a 3D engine where the world is a mesh.
I am importing some 2D maps+tilesets that have previously been made.
And when I do, I convert it to a 3D mesh and put all the tiles into a single texture.
This draws substantially faster.
I would perhaps keep the map around in a 1D array of w*h if I had to keep it's tile concept, but my answer is that its liberating to move beyond the 2Dness.
And, if you have performance problems whilst using GPU drawing, keeping the graphical representation as a single texture - with a mesh if its got variable heights - can really speed it up compared to drawing each tile individually.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
The pattern of seasonal temperature odds across northern Australia is a result
of recent warm conditions in the Indian Ocean and an increasing level
of warmth in the Pacific. The Pacific has had the greater influence on this
The chance that the average July-September maximum temperature will exceed the
long-term median maximum temperature ranges from 60 to 70% across most of the
southern halves of both the NT and Queensland. In the southeast inland of
Queensland the chance approaches 75%.
This means that for every ten years with ocean patterns like the current, about six
or seven years would be expected to be warmer than average during the September
quarter over this broad zone stretching west-east across northern Australia, with about
three or four years being cooler.
The chances of a higher than normal seasonal average is between 45 and
60% in the far north.
Outlook confidence is related to how consistently the Pacific and Indian
Oceans affect Australian temperatures. During the September quarter,
history shows this effect on maximum temperatures to be moderately consistent
in both the NT and Queensland (see background information).
The outlook for mean minimum temperatures over July-September shows the
chance of a seasonal average above the long-term median minimum temperature is between
40 and 60% over northern Australia.
History shows the oceans' effect on minimum temperatures in the July to
September period to be moderately consistent over Queensland and the east of the NT.
Elsewhere the effect is only weakly or very weakly consistent.


text:
Blanching is a cooking method in which food is cooked for a short time in boiling water, then immediately cooled in an ice water bath. This technique works particularly well with green vegetables, like asparagus, because it helps preserve the flavor, crisp texture, and bright green color. Blanching can be used as the primary cooking technique, or as a method of cooking the vegetable slightly before other methods such as sauteing or stir-frying. Here are the instructions you need to blanch your asparagus.
1Pick your asparagus. Stalks should be straight and firm to the touch.
- Asparagus should be a vivid green free from brown mottling. The tips should be tightly closed.
- Choose stalks of uniform thickness for more control and consistency in the cooking process.
2Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add a tablespoon of salt and return the pot to a boil.
- Adding salt to boiling water not only adds some seasoning to the water, but it also increases the boiling point of the water. This in turn assists in cooking your food more efficiently.
3Prepare your ice bath. Fill 2/3 of a large bowl with cold water. Add in 6-10 ice cubes and allow the bath to sit.
- Sometimes called "shocking the asparagus," this ice bath stops the asparagus from cooking and should take as long as the cooking process.
4Cook the asparagus. Carefully drop the asparagus into the boiling water and cook it until the spears turn bright green. This usually takes between 2-4 minutes, depending on the size (or diameter) of the stalks.
- Start counting the blanching time as soon as the water returns to a boil after adding in the asparagus.
- For small stalks, cook for 2 minutes; medium stalks should cook for 3 minutes. Most large stalks will be done cooking at 4 minutes. All times are approximate.
5Stop the cooking. When your asparagus is bright green and crisp-tender, remove it from the boiling water using a slotted spoon or small mesh sieve. Place immediately into the ice water bath.
6Drain your veggies. Place your vegetables on a paper towel-lined baking sheet to remove all excess water.
- If you are cooking these vegetables in advance, or plan on transporting them (picnic, potluck), refrigerate them in a paper towel-lined plastic bag.
7Serve. Blanching can be the primary cooking method or, alternatively, it can be used as the first step before adding the vegetables to a flavor-packed stir-fry or saute.
- Blanching is an important step in preparing vegetables for freezing. Scalding the vegetables stops enzymes actions that break the vegetable down contributing to a loss of flavor, crispness, and color.
- Blanching before freezing also cleanses the surface of the vegetable from dirt and other foreign particles, slows the loss of vitamins, and makes the veggies softer and easier to pack.
We could really use your help!
cell phone reception?
- For a simple and tasty dish, add a bit of coarse salt and a drizzle of olive oil to your asparagus before serving it.
- When buying fresh asparagus, be aware that it doesn't stay fresh for more than 2 to 3 days, so it's best to prepare it soon after you purchase it.
Things You'll Need
- Slotted spoon
Categories: Blanching Food
Recent edits by: Jeff, Bohemianflame, Ciccio Veronese
In other languages:
Deutsch: Wie man Spargel blanchiert, Español: Cómo blanquear espárragos, Italiano: Come Sbollentare gli Asparagi, Português: Como Escaldar Aspargos, Русский: бланшировать спаржу, Français: Comment blanchir des asperges, Nederlands: Groene asperges blancheren, Bahasa Indonesia: Memblansing Asparagus
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 190,687 times.


text:
1. If you don't have a FO account yet, please click "create account"
2. After you click in, fill in your account name and password. (Account name should be 12 characters long consisting of lower-case letters and of numbers 1 to 5) You can check whether the account is registered using the FIBOS ROCKS blockchain browser:_URL_
3. The wallet will automatically generate a private key. Please be sure that this private key is backed up. (FO Wallet will not save your private key for you, and it is not recoverable if lost.)
4. If you already have an FO account, you can choose to import it. To do so, the private key is required and you will also need to set up a password while importing.
You can transfer specific amounts EOS to FIBOS from another wallet.
Please take note that this is a cross-chain transfer operation:
1.The receiving account will be the FIBOS official account: fiboscouncil
2.The memo note must be your FIBOS account name that you have already registered.
Important Notes: To prevent cross-chain transfer failures.
1.Please do not transfer from exchanges directly. (Using the EOS wallet is recommended). If you are transferring from an exchange and filled in the wrong memo, your assets will return to the exchange, and please contact the exchange!
2.Please be sure that your memo is filled in correctly. (The memo message must be the FIBOS account you have already registered)
a）If the memo you filled in is an account that does not exist, the system will return the assets back to the original withdrawal account.
b）1. If the memo you filled in is accidentally of someone else's account, the assets will be lost permanently.
Here is an example, using TokenPocket:
1. Open the wallet home page and check if the cross-chain transfer of EOS has arrived.
2. Click on EOS and fill in the amount of EOS that you want to exchange for FO. Click the Exchange button on the bottom to exchange EOS for FO.
3.After operating the EOS to FO exchange, go back to the Home page, and check if the amount of FO in the account has increased successfully.
Select FO in the Home page, and click on the Exchange button on the bottom to exchange for EOS.
1. Select EOS token in the Home page and click the Withdrawal button.
2. While cross chain transferring, the default account name that does not need to be changed is the FIBOS official account: fiboscouncil. You only need to fill in the amount you want to withdraw, and the receiving EOS main net account.
Important Notes: In case of cross-chain transfer failure, be sure the EOS account is correct.
a.If the EOS account you filled in does not exist, the system will return the assets back to your original sending account.
b.If the EOS account you filled in with is accidentally someone else's account, the assets will be lost permanently.
3. Please check if the tokens have arrived in the corresponding receiving account.
There are 2 possibilities that may cause the failure of network requests: either the account name is already taken or there are issues with the network.
a.Account name is already taken: Retry with a different account name; You can check if the name is available using the FIBOS ROCKS blockchain browser: _URL_
b.Network Issue: Disconnect from WiFi and use cellular data to try again. If that doesn't work either, retry after turning on and off Airplane Mode, or with Airplane Mode on while connected to WiFi.
There are several situations that may cause the failure of EOS transfers: Insufficient RAM, Insufficient CPU resource, wrong FIBOS account in memo or assertion failure.
a.Insufficient RAM: Buy RAM in wallet resource management DAPP.
b.Insufficient CPU: Mortgage EOS in in of wallet resource management DAPP.
c.Wrong FIBOS account in memo: system will return the tokens automatically if the memo account does not exist. Please check again if the account is registered using the browser:_URL_ and retry FIBOS registration steps.
d.Assertion failure: assertion failure is a result given by the EOS main net. It may be caused by multiple different reasons, please try your transfer again.
Please check the contents below:
a.Is the FIBOS account correct?
b.Is the FIBOS private key entered correct?
c.Is the exchange amount greater than what is currently available in FIBOS?


Why is it Called a Burrito?
Across the globe, burritos are noted as a staple in Mexican cuisine. The meat, cheese, bean, and veggie stuffed tortillas are extremely popular, but most people are unaware of their origins. If you are looking for Burritos or Tacos in Farmingdale, it may be worthwhile to learn where they came from and why they are called "burritos" to begin with!
The word burrito translates to "little donkey", stemming from "burro" which means donkey, and "-ito" which means little. Burritos do not contain any donkey products and they do not look like donkeys, so where did the name come from? The truth is that we don't know for a fact who invented the burrito or why. We know that burritos were invented sometime in the 20th century and that there are many theories about their creation. Here are a few examples of theories:
 - Juan Méndez, a street vendor in Chihuahua, Mexico, invented the burrito. During the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s, Méndez decided to wrap his food in flour tortillas to keep it warm and transport it on his small donkey. He then realized that wrapping the food in a tortilla was tasty and a good way to serve it.
 - People from a northwestern state of Mexico, called Sonora, invented the burrito because of its mobility. Burritos in Mexico at the time were not as stuffed and full as they are today in the United States, so they were extremely easy to travel with. This influenced the burrito's name because it was the donkey's sidekick in travel.
 - The burrito was invented in Ciudad Juárez in the 1940s by a street vendor. He portioned the food and wrapped it in a tortilla, making it appropriate for school children, whom he derogatively referred to as "burritos" because he believed they were unintelligent.
While their origins are unclear, burritos have stood the test of time. While they were likely simple at the time of their creation, burritos have evolved to include an enormous variety of ingredients, fillings, and flavors. The more classic-styled burritos typically contain some of the following ingredients:
 - Beans
 - Rice
 - Meat
 - Guacamole
 - Salsa
 - Pico de gallo
 - Cheese
 - Sour Cream
 - Corn
 - Lettuce
 - Peppers
 - … and more!
With an endless range of ingredients, it is easy to find a burrito that works for you and your tastebuds! If you are looking for burritos or tacos in Farmingdale, come visit us at High Tide Taco Bar. Here, we have vegan options, seasonal specialties, amazing Taco Tuesday deals, and a vast menu of options! Contact us for burritos and tacos in Farmingdale today!


Configuring PXF Servers
 - Supporting file-based connector and user configuration
 - Providing connector-specific template configuration files
A PXF Server definition is simply a named configuration that provides access to a specific external data store. A PXF server name is the name of a directory residing in $PXF_CONF/servers/. The information that you provide in a server configuration is connector-specific. For example, a PXF JDBC Connector server definition may include settings for the JDBC driver class name, URL, username, and password. You can also configure connection-specific and session-specific properties in a JDBC server definition.
PXF provides a server template file for each connector; this template identifies the typical set of properties that you must configure to use the connector.
You will configure a server definition for each external data store that Greenplum Database users need to access. For example, if you require access to two Hadoop clusters, you will create a PXF Hadoop server configuration for each cluster. If you require access to an Oracle and a MySQL database, you will create one or more PXF JDBC server configurations for each database.
A server configuration may include default settings for user access credentials and other properties for the external data store. You can allow Greenplum Database users to access the external data store using the default settings, or you can configure access and other properties on a per-user basis. This allows you to configure different Greenplum Database users with different external data store access credentials in a single PXF server definition.
About Server Template Files
The configuration information for a PXF server resides in one or more -site.xml files in $PXF_CONF/servers//.
PXF provides a template configuration file for each connector. These server template configuration files are located in the $PXF_CONF/templates/ directory after you initialize PXF:
gpadmin@gpmaster$ ls $PXF_CONF/templates
adl-site.xml hbase-site.xml jdbc-site.xml s3-site.xml
core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml mapred-site.xml wasbs-site.xml
gs-site.xml hive-site.xml minio-site.xml yarn-site.xml
You specify credentials to PXF in clear text in configuration files.
About the Default Server
PXF defines a special server named default. When you initialize PXF, it automatically creates a $PXF_CONF/servers/default/ directory. This directory, initially empty, identifies the default PXF server configuration. You can configure and assign the default PXF server to any external data source. For example, you can assign the PXF default server to a Hadoop cluster, or to a MySQL database that your users frequently access.
Configuring a Server
When you configure a PXF connector to an external data store, you add a named PXF server configuration for the connector. Among the tasks that you perform, you may:
 4. Fill in appropriate default values for the properties in the template file.
 5. Add any additional configuration properties and values required for your environment.
 6. Configure one or more users for the server configuration as described in About Configuring a PXF User.
 7. Synchronize the server and user configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster.
Note: You must re-sync the PXF configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster after you add or update PXF server configuration.
After you configure a PXF server, you publish the server name to Greenplum Database users who need access to the data store. A user only needs to provide the server name when they create an external table that accesses the external data store. PXF obtains the external data source location and access credentials from server and user configuration files residing in the server configuration directory identified by the server name.
To configure a PXF server, refer to the connector configuration topic:
Configuring a PXF User
You can configure access to an external data store on a per-server, per-Greenplum-user basis.
You configure external data store user access credentials and properties for a specific Greenplum Database user by providing a -user.xml user configuration file in the PXF server configuration directory, $PXF_CONF/servers//. For example, you specify the properties for the Greenplum Database user named bill in the file $PXF_CONF/servers//bill-user.xml. You can configure zero, one, or more users in a PXF server configuration.
The properties that you specify in a user configuration file are connector-specific. You can specify any configuration property supported by the PXF connector server in a -user.xml configuration file.
For example, suppose you have configured access to a PostgreSQL database in the PXF JDBC server configuration named pgsrv1. To allow the Greenplum Database user named bill to access this database as the PostgreSQL user named pguser1, password changeme, you create the user configuration file $PXF_CONF/servers/pgsrv1/bill-user.xml with the following properties:
If you want to configure a specific search path and a larger read fetch size for bill, you would also add the following properties to the bill-user.xml user configuration file:
For each PXF user that you want to configure, you will:
 1. Identify the name of the Greenplum Database user.
 2. Identify the PXF server definition for which you want to configure user access.
 3. Identify the name and value of each property that you want to configure for the user.
 4. Create/edit the file $PXF_CONF/servers//-user.xml, and add the outer configuration block:
 5. Add each property/value pair that you identified in Step 3 within the configuration block in the -user.xml file.
 6. If you are adding the PXF user configuration to previously configured PXF server definition, synchronize the user configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster.
About Configuration Property Precedence
A PXF server configuration may include default settings for user access credentials and other properties for accessing an external data store. Some PXF connectors, such as the S3 and JDBC connectors, allow you to directly specify certain server properties via custom options in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command LOCATION clause. A -user.xml file specifies property settings for an external data store that are specific to a Greenplum Database user.
For a given Greenplum Database user, PXF uses the following precedence rules (highest to lowest) to obtain configuration property settings for the user:
 1. A property that you configure in /-user.xml overrides any setting of the property elsewhere.
 2. A property that is specified via custom options in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command LOCATION clause overrides any setting of the property in a PXF server configuration.
 3. Properties that you configure in the PXF server definition identify the default property values.
These precedence rules allow you create a single external table that can be accessed by multiple Greenplum Database users, each with their own unique external data store user credentials.
Using a Server Configuration
For example, the following command accesses an S3 object store using the server configuration defined in the $PXF_CONF/servers/s3srvcfg/s3-site.xml file:
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE pxf_ext_tbl(name text, orders int)
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE pxf_ext_hdfs(location text, miles int)
A Greenplum Database user who queries or writes to an external table accesses the external data store with the credentials configured for the user. If no user-specific credentials are configured for , the Greenplum user accesses the external data store with the default credentials configured for .


All above 18 to vaccinate by end of 2021
Parliamentary Secretary, National Health Services Regulations and Coordination Dr Nausheen Hamid on Tuesday said that Pakistan's health authorities were on track to administer Covid-19 vaccination to almost 70% of its targeted population by end of December 2021, over 20 million Pfizer vaccine doses will reach in the country soon.
'Government's strategy is to maintain balance between safety of our population and their social well-being and economic sustainability', she said while talking to media.
The Pfizer vaccine will only be utilized in limited areas of the country where ultra cold chain would be available for its storage during the ongoing vaccination campaign, she said, adding that special refrigerators would be used to store the Pfizer BioNtech and other vaccines in future.
'Pfizer vaccine has to be kept at minus 70 degrees Celsius, which is a challenge for developing countries where we will have difficulties in maintaining a cold chain', she added.—APP
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8)."
Federal Regulation shows clearly that congressional legislative decrees do not expand the scope of things included beyond the use of general class of things so defined:
"The term 'includes' and 'including' do not exclude things not enumerated which are in the same general class." –27 CFR 72.11.
Ejusdem Generis
This Latin phrase translated means "of the same type".
If the meaning of some words are plain, but the context is confusing, i.e., the way they appear in a sentence can make it unclear what is meant.
Example: a statute defines the word individual by a list of artificial entities but the list includes the word persons. Since people are needed to give life to the artificial entity, the only person intended by the statute are the ones responsible for running the artificial entity.
Applying ejusdem generis, general terms at the end of specific lists include only things of the same type as those specifically mentioned in the list.
For example, suppose you read "apples and oranges and other fruit".
What "other fruit"?
The rule of ejusdem generis limits "other fruit" to mean other tree grown fruit. strawberries and blueberries are not included.
By the rule of ejusdem generis if a "continuing" phrase (e.g., etcetera) appears at the end of a list of similar things related in some fashion, then the continuing phrase may only refer to additional similar things related in the same fashion.
In Pari Materia
The Latin means "compare with the material" or "consider from the related substance".
When the meaning of one sentence is uncertain, its meaning may be taken by reference to other sentences within the same paragraph or section.
Taken together (since they are in the same paragraph and therefore in pari materia) each may be used to explain the other.
Reddendo Singula Singulis
This Latin phrase means "refer each separate".
Reddendo singula singulis requires that modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, or modifying phrases) at the end of a list refer only to the last item in the list and may not be applied to those items appearing earlier in the list.
Reddendo singula singulis refers phrases to their object, whereas Referendo Singula Singulis refers words to their separate subjects.
Generalia Specialibus Non Derogant
Here the Latin tells us general terms may not detract from special terms, i.e., that a later sentence (or statute, for example) making general reference to some topic may not be interpreted as overruling or repealing what was said earlier in specifics.
In doing your legal research, you will notice that language in earlier revisions of a law are often left off of the current revision. If congress had wanted to repeal the earlier version and replace it, they would have done so.
If your state's driving laws leave off the all-important single object of the legislation, or the single object of the department of motor vehicles, then you will have to apply Generalia Specialibus Non Derogant to conclude that the driving laws are only for commercial purposes of making a profit by using the public roads.
Last Antecedent Rule
Statute Construction is NOT interpretation
The first two editions of Black's Law Dictionary used the Webster's definition. The third edition, in 1933 after we lost our right to own gold coins, and after Congress changed our national anthem to one that did not mention God, added:
"Power to regulate is power to establish reasonable limitations but does not generally include power to prohibit."
Then they added separate lengthy definition for Regulations for an Executive Department (editions 4 to 6, but not later editions), and a separate definition for Regulations plural (editions 5 and 6, but not later editions).
Black's Law Dictionary sixth edition in 1990 was the first to have no definition for Regulate singular. It is no longer in their vocabulary.
Then Black's Law Dictionary seventh edition in 1999 dropped these two definitions (Regulations for an Executive Department and for Regulations plural) but defined Regulation to include restriction — even though the third edition said "does not generally include power to prohibit".
How do you like that? The same legal system that originally told us that pre-existing definitions cannot change, now insists that you must be fooled.
"Regulate" and "Regulated" are used in the U.S. Constitution. To regulate interstate commerce, to regulate the value of coins, and a well regulated militia, etc. They can mean different things.
Don't be fooled by the word "regulated" in the phrase "A well regulated militia". It does not mean "disciplined" nor even subject to a chain of command. The word regulated means governed by rules, or "subject to governing principles". From Latin Regula "a general rule".
We are already regulated by "a general rule" that created government. According to Blackstone's Commentaries This rule of conduct applies with equal obligation to individuals and to nations.
The U.S. Constitution Article 1, Section 8 gives Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce among the several states.
But since no state can impair the obligations of contracts under section 10 and since the federal government was subordinate to the states that created it, they would not dare assume powers not delegated — it was assumed for the longest time that the term "regulate" commerce could only mean "promote" commerce. James Madison insisted that the Constitutional phrase "regulate" was to take it's regular meaning "to make regular".
For a long time people thought the Constitutional words "regulate commerce among the several states" referred ONLY to promoting commerce, not restricting commerce, after all, "one of the objectives of the Philadelphia Convention was the promotion of commerce" according to an analysis of the Constitution published in 1996 by the Congressional Research Service in Senate Document 103-6.
Example: the first agriculture department in Pennsylvania was created to help farmers sell eggs OUTSIDE of the Commonwealth, and to run a state fair, promoting Pennsylvania grown produce. THAT'S IT! That was the understanding of the Constitution clause regulating commerce among the several states.
The Original Meaning of the Commerce Clause" by Randy E. Barnett- (University of Chicago Law Review Vol 68, No 1, winter 2001):
"To regulate" generally meant "to make regular" — that is, to specify how an activity may be transacted — when applied to domestic commerce, but when applied foreign trade also included the power to make 'prohibitory regulation'….
according to the original meaning of the Commerce Clause, Congress has power to specify rules to govern the manner by which people may exchange or trade goods from one state to another, to remove obstructions to domestic trade erected by states, and both regulate and restrict the flow of goods to and from other nations and the Indian tribes, for the purpose of promoting the domestic economy and foreign trade."
Legislative History of the Privacy Act excerpt from page 6963 requires the specific word "mandatory". Agencies often use the word required to evade the law.
LAWS ARE MERELY DIRECTORY if they try to regulate a right.
Beverlin v. Beverlin, 29 W.Va. 732. 1887.
"… a natural right, and one that existed independent of statutes, any commands which a statute may give … should, if the form of words will permit, be interpreted as mere directions to the officers of the law and to the parties, not rendering void what is done in disregard thereof. … "
U.S. Supreme Court in Meister v. Moore 96 U.S. 76 in 1888 ruled that
U.S. v. Tallmadge, 829 F.2d 767:
"… One who relies on a legal interpretation by a government official assumes the risk that it is in error… it has also been held or said that 'the government could scarcely function if it were bound by its employees unauthorized representations'" Goldberg v. Weinberger, 546 F.2d 477
The United States Supreme Court warned you that it is your duty to make sure government employees act within the law. Federal Crop Insurance Corp. v. Merril, 332 U.S. 380 (1947):
… Anyone entering into an arrangement with the government takes the risk of having accurately ascertained that he who purports to act for the government stays within the bounds of his authority … and this is so even though, as here, the agent himself may have been unaware of the limitations upon his authority."
U.S. v. Stewart, 234 F.Supp. 94 (1964):
United States Government officer may be sued only if he acts in excess of his statutory authority or in violation of the Constitution for then he ceases to represent government."
U.S. Constitution Article 1, section 10: prohibits any State from passing ANY law impairing the Obligation of Contracts. So how can they shut down lemonade stands on private property for not getting a business license, food establishment permit, food safety permits, health inspections, requirements for on-site running water and refrigeration, approved fire extinguisher, federal and state tax registration, proof of waste disposal contract for the lemonade stand not just for the address, etc. According to John Stossel's investigative report it takes a minimum of 65 days to start a lemonade stand.
US Supreme Court in U.S. vs. Minker, 350 U.S. 179 at page 187 explains that an administrative summons cannot compel testimony: "" an official command, … has some coercive tendency, either because of ignorance of their rights on the part of those whom it purports to command or their natural respect for what appears to be an official command, or because of their reluctance


Swiss brown bear policy in place, as bears migrate back
Swiss brown bear (image: ©2009 Josef Griffel/Swiss federal environment office)
Bern, Switzerland (GenevaLunch) - The Swiss brown bear is coming home and while he's being welcomed with open arms, he will have to get used to new rules that should make it harder for him to become too familiar with humans. The federal government laid out its brown bear management policy in 2006 after the first brown bear in a century appeared in 2005.
Four bears have since been seen in Switzerland, but two have since died, and one has disappeared.
The federal environment department has just revised the policy, putting greater emphasis on educating the public and ensuring that the bears' likelihood of survival is increased by making it harder for them to forage for food around human habitations.
Federal environment office information page on Swiss bears, Fre
National parks and canton Graubuenden brochure, pdf, on contact with and behaviour around bears, Fre


Commissar Moscow
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The re-animated Captain Metropolis, now Soviet Super Soldier
Commissar Moscow Is a member of the October Guard and the Soviet counterpart to Captain Metropolis.
Fictional Character BiographyEdit
The mysterious Soviet super genius known as Rasputin had perfected a machine that could re-animate the dead. The recently deceased Nikolai Ivanovic Lebonchenski, a brilliant general, was chosen as the first subject. the experiment was a success, but the scientists believed that a fit, able body would be better suited. For reasons unclear as of this writing, Captain Metropolis was chosen, and he was assassinated by KGB agents in the summer of 1965 in what appeared to be a car crash. After transplanting the brain into the new body, Commissar Moscow was placed in the October Guard as its leader. However, the transplant was unstable, and eventually Gardner's corpse broke apart, taking Lebonchenski with it. After his death, leadership of the October Guard was returned to Rasputin.
Powers and AbilitiesEdit
Commissar Moscow has no super powers. However, he is an Olympic-level athlete and possesses valuable knowledge of Cold-War era Russian firearms.
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Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Illustration of ancient flora
Washington, D.C., 110 million years ago. This painting shows what our "backyard" was like during the Early Cretaceous Period. How do we know about this ancient environment and the plants and animals that lived here? Click throughout the image or on the thumbnails to find out.
Depiction of a scene in a swampy forest in Maryland 110 million years ago
Painting by Mary Parrish. Ornithomimid Dromeosaur Propanoplosaurus, a nodosaur Large Theropod Ornithopod Pleurocoelus Pleurocoelus Pterosaur Pterosaur Arundelconodon Mussels and Snail Goniopholis Turtle Ceratodus Enantiornithine Bird Katydid "Sequoia" ambigua Dromeosaur Frog Athrotaxopsis "Sequoia" ambigua Ferns Ferns Rogersia
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text:
Free Strategy Games
The two games below are related to strategic thinking, which means that you don't play for immediate results, instead you should think ahead of time to plan for a chain of movements before doing anything. How to play the first game:
- Wait for the game to load.
- Press Start from the main menu, and again inside the game.
- You will be in control of a ball, by moving your keyboard arrows up/down, left/right.
- The ball can only push boxes, and cannot pull them.
- The objective is to move it to the end target (which looks like a hole filled with water), once you go inside that hole, you will be transported to the next level, with the help of your creativity you can find a way to pass the level you're playing, remember that the silver ball can only push boxes and not pull them, there are 25 levels in the SilverSphere game can you pass them all? Good luck in improving your brain strategy skills.


question cost refers to raw material cost as well as machining cost)
 as a side note, what do you mean when you say non precision work? can you give an example of the tolerances you are referring to? i would agree with you if your tolerances are meant to be with in 0.001 in, but if you are aiming at a 0.063 in precision then i dont necessarily agree (depending on what you are doing, i.e. wood or plastic milling)
 1. Oh, I don't know, we just call it all 80-20. Using 1×1's make a box kite-like frame that's eight feet long. I'd trust it to hold a poster board at most.. If I remember right, one of the sides, 8′ by 42 inches, doesn't even have braces across the middle.
 1. Welding requires prep in order for the weld to look like a weld. Also, it helps if you know how to weld. Also, good luck making a cube-like frame that doesn't warp like a worm in agony…
 Al extrusion is just cut to length and bolted together with off-the-shelf parts, that's where it shines. Obviously, being made of extruded Al and joined with fasteners, it's never going to be as strong, but it's fast and easy to assemble.
 2. It takes time to learn to weld, welding equipment costs $$$ that can be hard to justify if not used often, there's a problem with warping etc. that makes proper welding as hard as using profiles, alu extrusions can make an almost as stiff construction as the steel one at less weight.
 Extrusions aren't shit.
 4. Use 8020 here for frames and robotic camera mounts (the mounts move manually, the robotic camera is separate.).
 Good stuff, and the stiffness over a number of feet is a factor, but put a right angle into the extrusion and just like an I-beam you've fixed the flex issue.
 5. The trick of using more connectors to make a right angle is an useful tip.
 Also want a cheap machinist square with absurd low tolerance? Use the door frame as a reference, or the laptop case, or a smartphone. Always invert the square to see if the square itself is really a square.
 1. Mill a scrap piece of metal into a precise enough cube with a well-aligned milling machine. Cheaper than a machinist's square if you already have a mill.
 If you're building with that 15mm square extrusion, a 123 block will be a good right angle reference, and you can make alignment pegs to screw into the edges and fit into the extrusion slots. Use a couple of C clamps to hold extrusion to block while tightening the corner plate.
 2. I have a lot of door frames, few of which I'd trust to be square. In fact, I know with certainty that a few of them aren't square since I had to adjust the doors they frame to fit so they'd close properly.
 You can find adequate machinist's squares for not much money. A 6 inch machinist square can be found new for under $15. Is it as good as a Starrett? Probably not. But I'd be willing to bet the difference in the cost of the two (about $185) that the difference in squareness is a lot less extreme than the difference in price.
 I know it's a safe bet though as I have both. I picked up a Starrett 6 inch machinist's square at an estate sale for about $25. It had a bit of surface rust which was easily cleaned up. Using a B grade granite surface plate and a dial test indicator setup I was able to compare its squareness to the cheap square's squareness. The difference wasn't detectable. If there is a difference it's less than 0.0003″ (the accuracy of my DTI with some slop thrown in for the non-tool-room-grade surface plate) over the length of the square. That kind of "slop" is far beyond acceptable for most applications and certainly for squaring up aluminum extrusion framing.
 Maybe I got lucky. But I bet even cheap and bad squares are more accurate than most alternatives.
 1. How straight would you say uni-strut is? Not that extruded aluminum is known to be all that straight, but I've often considered uni-strut and wondered how it compares.
 6. Quote:
 End quote.
 Well, I'll be damned if I leave those redundant connectors at the junction points once everything is tightened! They are like scaffolding, once you got everything in shape, remove them and keep them in your set as tools, to be used for another build.
 1. I wish this were true, as it'd make things a lot cheaper.
 When constraining junctions with multiple connectors you're not aiming for redundancy. Each connector constrains different beam to beam relationships. For example, if you have an inside L bracket, one that connects to one face of one beam, and the right angle face of a perpendicular beam on the same plane as the first, you cannot tighten that connector tight enough to ensure that the beams remain coplanar. Assuming one beam is fixed, any force applied to the other beam risks breaking the coplanar relationship of those beams.
 When you add a connector that constrains another relationship (like the coplanar relationship of the beams) it's not a redundant way of reducing the "angle slop", it's its own thing entirely. Does it reduce angle slop? Maybe, but only coincidentally. That's not what the added connector is for. The first connector constrains the beam angles relative to each other, the second connector constraints the connectors to a single plane.
 As far as constraining beam right angles is concerned I've found that the most effective connectors are the cam fasteners. When used on "single" dimensioned beams they work well to constrain beam angles. When using double cams (or butt fasteners) the constrain both angle, coplanar, and pitch/rotational relationships.
 The downside is that they are expensive, and they require drilling flat bottomed, counterbored holes with a pricey tool.
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