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School kids have come across human skeletal remains revealed by coastal erosion at Crimdon Dene near Hartlepool, north-east England. As a crouched burial, assuming it is a burial, could it be prehistoric? Bronze Age? Or even older? Evidence for Mesolithic burial in the UK, for example, is virtually non-existent outside Somerset and the odd finger in Scottish shell middens, unlike Denmark and Scandinavia.
- Hartlepool Mail | Includes video 16 Oct
- Sunderland Echo | Web article and good picture 16 Oct
- BBC News | Web article 16 Oct
Challenges and Possibilities | Dreams in Dunes
There are some challenges too. How do you investigate such a find in a highly unstable environment like sand dunes? I'm sure there's more news to follow from Tees Archaeology. Crimdon Dene¹ is also known for extensive Mesolithic flint scatters discovered in the 1940s. Filpoke Beacon², 1.25km north, produced one of the earliest Late Mesolithic radiocarbon dates for geometric narrow blade microliths: 8760 +/- 140 BP³ (Q-1474) based on carbonized hazelnut shells. A submerged forest sits off the coast south of Hartlepool and has revealed Late Mesolithic and Neolithic evidence including flints and a possible fish weir (see Tees Archaeology's monograph).
Bronze Age burials, albeit in stone cists, were discovered in the vicinity of the Mesolithic house at Howick, Northumberland Coast. I know where my money's going—but dreams at least are free!
¹ Young, R. 2007. 'I must go down to the sea again…' A Review of Early Research on the 'Coastal' Mesolithic of North-East England, in Waddington, C. & Pedersen, K (eds). Mesolithic Studies in the North Sea Basin and Beyond. Oxford: Oxbow.
² Jacobi, R. 1976. Britain Inside and Outside Mesolithic Europe. Proc Preh Soc 42: 67-84.
³ Before Present (1950), hazelnut shells are more reliable for aging than timber because they are shorter lived—"old wood" can itself be hundreds of years old before burning.


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Dogs Moscow Subway Creature Feature
Creature Feature Archives
Russian scientists say that Moscow stray dogs became much smarter. The four legged oldest human's friends demonstrate real smartness such as riding the Moscow metro every morning to get from their suburban places of living to the fat regions of Moscow center. Once they arrive to the downtown they demonstrate different new, previously unseen for the dog skills. Those skills can include "the hunt for shawarma" for example, the popular among Muscovites eastern cuisine dish. This hunt scene can be seen as this:
Regular Moscow busy street with some small food kiosks. A middle-aged man buys himself a piece of hot fast food and walks aside chewing it without a rush. Then just in a second he jumps up frightened - some doggy has sneaked up on him and barked out loudly. His tasty snack falls out from his hands down to the ground and the dog gets it. Just ten minutes later, on the same place, the teen youngster loses his dinner in exactly the same manner. The modern Russian dogs are on their urban hunt.
"This method of ambushing people from their back is widely exercised by Moscow dogs", saying A. Poiarkov, working in Ecology and Evolution Institute of Moscow. "The main point here is to define who would drop the food scared and who won't, but the dogs are great psychologists they can do it better than us".
Moscow ecologists think that dogs started acquiring this habits in 1990s, when the Soviet Union collapsed and Moscow has fell into the hands of new class of Russian capitalists. They understood the true value of the downtown realty underestimated by previous Communist owners and became removing all the industrial complexes Moscow had in its centre to its outskirts. Those places were used by homeless dogs as a shelter often, so the dogs had to move together with their houses, so they had to learn how to travel Moscow subway - first to get to the centre in the morning then back home in the evening, just as us people.
"Waiting for the right train"
The commercial revolution of Moscow made their usual feeding places like trash bins out of direct reach, so they had to get to know new ways of getting their piece of food. That's how appeared those "Shawarma hunts". Sometimes though they use more gentle methods. Young girl sits on the bench to eat her hot dog - a big cute looking dog appears from the surrounding bushes and puts her head on her knees. The girl can't help herself sharing the hotdog with a dog.
Among some more amazing skill those Moscow dogs are the ability not to miss their stop while going on the subway train. Biologists say dogs have very nice sense of time which helps them not to miss their destination. Another skill they have is to cross the road on the green traffic light. "They don't react on color, but on the picture they see on the traffic light", Moscow scientist tells. Also they choose often the last or the first metro car - those are less crowded usually.
It's funny but the ecologists studying Moscow stray dogs also tell the dogs don't miss a chance to get some play while on their travel in the subway. They are fond of jumping in the train just seconds before the doors shut closed risking their tails be jammed. "They do it for fun, just they have enough food", they conclude.
"Traveling first class, compared to this human"
"Just a regular member of busy day underground stream"
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seen before:
change in one coefficient will be reflected in the other one, making it difficult to distinguish the effect of x1 on y from the effect of x2 on y. multicollinearity may not affect the model accuracy, but then we cannot know the effect of singular features (we lose the interpretability of the model).
What causes multicollinearity?
 - Dataset origin. Poorly designed experiments, high observational data, or poor preprocessing
 - Feature engineering. Some variables are created from another but there are redundant.
 - Identical variables. As an example, you have distance in kilometers and miles.
 - Dummy variables. Example dummy variables that are saying the same things (example: a weather variable that has two values: sunny or rainy day. If you create two dummy variables (0/1) one for sunny and one for rainy, the two variables are basically saying the same).
 - Insufficient data can lead to multicollinearity in some cases.
One thing you can do is to do a pair plot and look at your variables to see if they are correlating.
We are selecting only a few variables for this example.
X_short = X_train.iloc[:, 0:5]sns.pairplot(X_short)
Another thing you can do is to calculate a correlation matrix and do a heatmap:
# Compute the correlation matrix
X_short = X_train.iloc[:, 0:20]
corr = X_short.corr()
# Generate a mask for the upper triangle
mask = np.triu(np.ones_like(corr, dtype=bool))
# Set up the matplotlib figure
f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(11, 9))
# Generate a custom diverging colormap
cmap = sns.diverging_palette(230, 20, as_cmap=True)
# Draw the heatmap with the mask and correct aspect ratio
sns.heatmap(corr, mask=mask, cmap=cmap, center=0, square=True, linewidths=.5, cbar_kws={"shrink":.5})
There are also other methods, the most common is VIF (Variable Inflation Factors). VIF calculates the strength of correlation between two independent variables (it determines taking a variable and regressing it against every other variable). The result is a score that represents how well the variable is explained by other independent variables. This is the formula:
VIF starts at 1 (equal 1 is meaning that the variable has no correlation with other variables) and the is no upper limit (normally over 5 or 10 this indicates high multicollinearity between this independent variable and the others).
Then let's see in our dataset. We will use a subset of our dataset (because the algorithm is quite slow).
# Import library
from statsmodels.stats.outliers_influence import variance_inflation_factor
_TAG_ calculation for whole dataset
def calc_vif(X):
# Calculating VIF
vif = pd.DataFrame()
vif["variables"] = X.columns
vif["VIF"] = [variance_inflation_factor(X.values, i) for i in range(X.shape[1])]
_TAG_ our dataset
X_short = X_train.iloc[:, 100:200] _TAG_ take a subset
vif = calc_vif(X_short)
If we want to drop the variables that have a VIF score of more than five:
vif_drop = vif[vif.VIF > 5]
names = vif_drop.variables.tolist()
X_short.drop(names, axis=1, inplace=True)
For this section, we will discuss the last thing,
. Outlier is generally a value that is distant from the other. Cook's distance is a popular method to calculate the data point's influence (basically to find influential outliers). Generally, if a data point has a Cook's distance higher than 3 times the mean is a possible outlier, all the points with more than 4 should be examined.
Fig 21. Figure source: here
!pip install -U yellowbrick
from yellowbrick.regressor import CooksDistance
# Instantiate and fit the visualizer
visualizer = CooksDistance()
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
Salvatore Raieli Bioinformatics & Immunology
Salvatore Raieli joined the Peter Moss AML/ALL AI Research Project in 2019 and continued as a volunteer for Asociación de Investigacion en Inteligencia Artificial Para la Leucemia Peter Moss Salvatore works on open-source projects for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and COVID, and his medical research and articles are an invaluable asset to the future of our Association.


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This experiment will show what happens to light incident on a glass/air surface when the angle of incidence gradually increases.
- Ray bos with single slit
- Power supply
- Semicircular glass or Perspex block
- A4 Sheet of plain paper
1) Place the semicircular block in the centre of a piece of plain paper and draw around it.
2) Mark the mid-point of the straight side (M).
3) Draw a line at M at 90 dregees to the straight side. This is called the normal.
4) Draw a line at an angle of 30 degrees to the normal. This is the incident ray.
5) Use a ray box with a single slit to shine a ray of light along this line
6) Mark the position of the refracted ray.
7) Measure the angle of refraction.
8) Slowly move the ray box between angles of incidence from 30 to 60 degrees.
9) Measure the angle between the ray incidence and the normal inside the block for which the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. This is the critical angle. Note its value.
10) You can use the formula n= 1/sinC to find the refractive index of the block.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In the midst of the Bicol community, where the ocean's gentle waves serenade the coastlines and the mountains share stories of enduring strength, "Hiyas ng Pag-Asa" continues its subtle revolution aimed at reigniting their hopes — their awareness, knowledge of the law, and the practical skills that can be applied in their daily lives in their community. Nestled in the scenic heart of Bicol, where vibrant green landscapes meet the azure sea, unfolds a story of optimism, tenacity, and the indomitable spirit of every community member. Collaboratively, the Rotary Club of Hiyas ng Manila, along with the Rotaract Club of Adamson University and the Rotaract Club of Manila Zobel, strives to create a brighter future for underprivileged schools and communities in Bicol. Together, prepare to be entranced by this truly inspirational journey as we redefine the essence of making a difference and what it truly signifies to kindle the flames of hope within others — within them.
Beneath the breathtaking natural beauty that graces the Bicol province, there exists an untold narrative of neglect, often unnoticed and overshadowed by poverty, limited resources, and the absence of access to quality education that cast a daunting pall over the schools and communities of Bicol. However, in the face of this formidable adversity, the "Hiyas ng Pag-Asa" project has emerged as a shining hope — embracing the principles of "Brigada Eskwela" with the unwavering determination of Rotaract communities involved in this collaboration. They understood that their mission last August would be far from easy, but their commitment to fostering change burned brighter than ever.
In a world brimming with diverse stories, there's something profoundly heartwarming about encountering tales of compassion, action, and transformation. Cast your mind back to August 11, 2023, when our project, "En Visage 2: Read and Live Stories," lit up the hearts of people by embodying the spirit of community and the transformative power of education at San Vicente Elementary School in Ligao, Albay.
This noble endeavor, led by the Rotaract Club of Adamson University and spearheaded by the dedicated HCP Grizel Dela Cruz and IPP Charlyn Lao, goes beyond a noble project. For the Rotaract club of Adamson University, this project was not merely a project; it stood as a beacon of hope, illuminating the lives of young students with the remarkable impact of a simple, heartfelt gesture. It's a story that resonates with the hearts of youth, demonstrating that even small actions possess the potential to ignite significant change. This impact is not limited to the Province of Albay but extends to the hearts of young students worldwide who seek assistance and inspiration.
We, the Rotaract Club of Adamson University, extend wholehearted appreciation to our co-host clubs, who joined hands, shared minds, and connected hearts throughout "En Visage 2: Read and Live Stories." Together, we've made a remarkable impact, aiding 105 young students, and igniting a bright beacon of hope for their future.
Our journey began on the previous evening when members of the Rotary communities gathered at 9 PM, equipped with supplies, resources, and, most importantly, a fervent commitment to their mission of service for Bicol, Legazpi. Our project, known as "Hiyas ng Pag-Asa," was an ambitious endeavor with the goal of bringing hope and opportunities to adopted schools and communities in Bicol, particularly in Legazpi. Fueled by unwavering determination to provide educational support, promote wellness, ensure hygiene, and raise awareness in the Bicol, Legazpi community, the Rotary community embarked on a transformative journey that would profoundly impact the lives of every individual and offer a brighter future.
As the first light of dawn bathed Bicol, Legazpi, with the majestic Mayon Volcano standing sentinel, greeting them with open arms — the Rotary Club of Hiyas ng Manila, accompanied by the Rotaract Club of Adamson University and the Rotaract Club of Manila Zobel, arrived with resolute spirits and unshakable resolve to assist those in need.
The Rotary communities in Legazpi kicked off their day with the scent of freshly brewed coffee and the clinking of breakfast dishes. Their arrival, marked by a hearty breakfast, provided them with a moment of camaraderie, an opportunity to rejuvenate their spirits. Amidst laughter and shared stories around the breakfast table, they strengthened their bonds of friendship and their shared sense of purpose, their conversation resonating with their profound dedication to the service that had brought them together in this very place.
After a well-deserved break, the Rotary communities sprang into action. The room transformed into a bustling hub of activity as volunteers and Rotary members gathered to repack and prepare the resources destined for the Bicol, Legazpi community — Educational materials, essential supplies, and items of hope were carefully sorted, meticulously organized, and packed with an abundance of love and care.
On a memorable day, August 11, 2023, in the heart of Polangui General Comprehensive High School, our Rotary community came together to create an impactful educational event. Attorney Joffee Atenta's visit was more than just a guest appearance — It was a catalyst for change, with a mission to raise awareness among Polangui's youth about 'R.A 11313: Safe Spaces Act (Bawal Bastos Law)' and inspire them to actively create safe environments within their community. Attorney Joffee Atenta shared her deep insights into this law, emphasizing its significance in educating young minds about their rights and responsibilities in addressing Gender-Based Sexual Harassment (GBSH).
But our journey didn't end there. In the vibrant heart of the community, Rotarian Juvy Mayrena spearheaded an initiative that sought to bridge connections between parents, students, and teachers while shining a light on mental health. Her seminar, 'Hindi Ka Nag-iisa,' held at Polangui High School on that same day, aimed to remind everyone that no one walks the path of mental health alone. Together, they could build a brighter future where mental health is prioritized and supported. And then, there was PDG Karen Tamayo, an advocate for a sustainable world where agriculture and environmental conservation go hand in hand. She introduced hydroponics farming, a groundbreaking technique that cultivates plants without soil, using water-based nutrients instead. Every discarded bottle found a new purpose as a valuable resource for seedling propagation.
Education was at the core of our mission. The Rotaract Club of Manila Zobel generously provided school supplies for students and essential office materials for teachers, ensuring an environment primed for success. The Rotaract Club of Adamson University enriched dedicated teachers with reading materials and encyclopedias, fostering a culture of continuous learning. In Rotary's embrace, 35 students, 35 parents, and 35 school teachers discovered they were part of something larger — a network of compassion and commitment.
In OAS, nestled within the lush landscapes of the Bicol region, there exist hidden pockets of rural areas facing health-related challenges that often remain shrouded in silence amidst the bustling city-world. As the sun sets over these serene landscapes, a stark reality emerges: limited access to healthcare facilities and resources leaves many residents, both young and old, vulnerable to preventable health issues. However, as the day wanes and shadows lengthen, a new dawn of hope rises — The Rotary community steps in as a beacon of light and hope, dedicated to improving a simple yet vital aspect of human health: enhancing well-being by promoting healthier, more active lifestyles through the distribution of life-boosting multivitamins and Paracetamols for kids and Barangay Officials in OAS Barangay Halli.
In the very heart of Rotary's tightly-knit community, a tale of their compassion and generosity still unfolds — a tale that transcends the mere act of filling empty stomachs to encompass the far-reaching mission of warming the hearts and uplifting the souls of its residents. This inspiring journey unfurls as the dedicated members of the Rotaract Club of Adamson University, led by the indefatigable Rotarian Badeth, embark on a poignant mission — a mission to grace the residents of OAS Barangay Halli in Bicol with not just nourishment but radiant smiles.
With every meal served, joy permeates the air, and the people of OAS Barangay Halli find themselves not just happier, but also fortified with newfound resilience in the face of life's adversities. Amidst the backdrop of the residents' radiant smiles, one can discern a powerful testament to Rotary's enduring commitment to making their world a better place. With their smiles, once tired and weary, now beam with hope, illuminating the path to a brighter, more compassionate world — a world brimming with unwavering optimism and the transformative magic of hope.
As the final chapter of this heart-warming narrative unfolds in the Bicol region, the collective effort of the Rotary community, in their pursuit of the "Hiyas ng Pag-asa" project, reveals a story far grander than the sum of its parts. The Rotary mission extends beyond the mere provision of goods; it is a quest to reignite the residents' flames of hope, to fortify the spirits of resilience, and to illuminate a path toward a brighter future for their community.
In Polangui General Comprehensive High School, where 35 students, 35 educators, and 35 parents were touched by Rotary's benevolence, and in OAS Barangay Halli, where 100 children and 100 adults found solace in Rotary's embrace, the impact was profound. The Rotary legacy, rooted in


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Stepping Stone Theory
According to the stepping stone theory, the use of one substance or drug increases the probability of consuming another, possibly more harmful, drug later and that the probability increases with frequency of use. It predicts that people who use one substance such as nicotine will probably go on to drink alcoholic beverages, smoke marijuana, and progress on to use hard drugs such as cocaine. Each step is seen as leading to the next step in substance use.
The basis for the stepping stone theory is the common finding that hard drug users have usually started with substances such as tobacco and alcohol. However, the vast majority of smokers or alcohol consumers fail to progress on to hard drugs. It could be argued that milk or chocolate are stepping stones toward hard drug use because most drug users first consumed milk and chocolate. However, neither milk nor chocolate cause people to become hard drug users.
The stepping stone theory is really a stepping stone hypothesis, for which there is a lack of evidence that any such sequence is causal. Although it might be widely accepted by the public, it has lost credibility and support among research scientists because of the lack of evidence supporting any causality.
In spite of the lack of evidence supporting it, the stepping stone theory is the basis of much public policy regarding alcohol. Unfortunately, a policy based on a false assumption is likely to be ineffective or even counterproductive.
Resources on the Stepping Stone Theory or Hypothesis:
- Alcoholism Section, Washington (State) Division of Health. Teenage Drinking: A Stepping Stone to other Drug Usage. Olympia, WA: Alcoholism Section, Washington (State) Division of Health, 1971.
- Baumrind, D. Specious causal attributions in the social sciences: the reformulated stepping-stone theory of heroin use an as exemplar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, 45(6), _PHONE_.
- Bretteville, Anne, et al. Sequential patterns of drug use initiation - Can we believe in the gateway theory? OCLC Number 295516119. (Explores stepping stone theory.)
- Cohen, H. Multiple drug use considered in the light of the stepping-stone hypothesis. International Journal of the Addictions, 1972, 7(1), 27-55.
- Greene,B.T. Sequential use of drugs and alcohol: a reexamination of the stepping-stone hypothesis. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1980, 7(1), 83-99.
- Grinspoon, Lester. Marihuana Reconsidered. Oakland, CA: Quick American Archives, 1994. (Includes chapter on stepping stone hypothesis.)
- LaChance, Laurie L. Alcohol, Drugs and Adolescents. Ann Arbor, MI: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services. (Examines evidence regarding stepping stone theory.)
- McEvoy, William C. Marijuana Usage and the Gateway Hypothesis: A Stepping Stone, a Causal Link to other Drugs, or Both? Thesis. Curry College, 2007.
- Marijuana. ("What's Your Poison" series). DVD video. Eight Mile Plains, Queensland: Marcom Projects, 2005. (Considers whether marijuana use is a "stepping stone" to other drugs.")
- Nace, E.P., et al. Addicted and nonaddicted drug users. A comparison of drug usage patterns. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1975, 32(1), 77-80. (" A 'stepping-stone hypothesis' of heroin addiction is refuted.")
- Salmon, R., and Salmon, S. The cause of heroin addiction -- a review of the literature, Part II. International Journal of the Addictions, 1977, 12(7), 937-951. (Reviews research literature on stepping stone theory.)
- van Ours, J.C. Is cannabis a stepping-stone for cocaine? Journal of Health Economics, 2003, 22(4), 539-554.
- Wagner, F.A., and Anthony, J.C. Into the world of illegal drug use: exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, and cocaine. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2002, 155(10), 918-925. (Examines stepping-stone/gateway sequences.)
- Welte, John W., and Barnes, Grace. Alcohol: the gateway to other drug use among secondary-school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1985, 14(6), 487-498.
Fact: Steppingstone Theory is also the name of a musical band.
filed under: Abuse
Need help with an alcohol or drug problem?
Someone at the highly effective St. Jude program can help you.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
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This report documents the methodology, findings and conclusions of the Starting to smoke research project. The aim of the project was to explore the reasons young Indigenous people in the Northern Territory start smoking as well as the protective factors which prevent smoking. Young people aged 13-20 years of age were recruited from urban and remote communities to participate in one-on-one and group interviews.
A particular focus of the project was on the social and cultural processes that influence smoking uptake in this group. Based on the project's findings, the report makes recommendations regarding future smoking prevention initiatives. The project was carried out in the Northern Territory across two sites: one in Darwin and one in a remote community in Arnhem Land.
Abstract adapted from Lowitja Institute


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Victor Hugo biography
Victor Marie Hugo was born in Besançon, France, on February 26, 1802, to mother Sophie Trébuche and father Joseph-Léopold-Sigisbert Hugo, who later served as a general in Napoleon's army. Victor Hugo studied the law before poetry lured him away. While his first publications were mostly verse, his novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) was a huge success. In 1862, Hugo published Les Misérables, considered one of the greatest works of the 19th century.


text: The Braford Cattle Breed was created to consistently and efficiently produce a uniform product in challenging production environments. In 1947, Alto Adams Jr worked with a base herd of Brahman cows that were primarily Partin and Hudgins breeding. He began using Hereford bulls on his St. Lucie county, Florida ranch. The resulting steer and heifer calves were outstanding, but, the Hereford bulls required to produce those calves had extreme problems with feet, eyes and general livability. He quickly realized that using Hereford bulls, that were not adapted to South Florida, was simply not economically feasible and so he began experimenting with various types of Brahman-Hereford cross bulls. Eventually he was able to identify Braford bulls that were producing the calves that met his needs and he used these bulls and their offspring to form what is recognized as the Foundation Herd of the Braford breed in the United States.


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get stuck. A Cochrane Review comparing induction of labour before 40 weeks for a suspected big baby with waiting for spontaneous labour, found that induction decreased the incidence of shoulder dystocia from 6.8% to 4.1%. However, they also found an increased rate of severe perineal tearing in the induction group of 2.6% vs 0.7% in the spontaneous labour group; and an increase in the treatment of jaundice for the baby (11% vs 7%). Both NICE guidelines and WHO guidelines state that induction of labour should not be carried out simply because the baby is suspected of being big. Which is interesting because both guidelines support induction in the case of GD with high BGLs where the only significant risk factor for birth is a suspected big baby.
Women with high BGLs in pregnancy need to consider the risks of possible shoulder dystocia with the risks of induction (see Berger and Melamed 2014 ) and their own individual situation and preferences. Many women with abnormal BGLs can and do have physiological births, however most follow care provider recommendations and have their labour induced. The following are some suggestions for reducing/managing complications associated with birth for women who had high BGLs in pregnancy. Most of these suggestions can be applied to physiological labour or induced labour – although an induced labour is likely to result in a smaller baby.
- Maximise the size of the pelvis – avoid positions that restrict the movement of pelvic bones (eg. don't sit on the back of the pelvis)
- Maximise the ability of the baby to rotate – A mobile mother offers lots of opportunities for baby to move – water immersion is good for this. Resting space between contractions also allows the baby to move when the uterus is relaxed. If syntocinon is regulating contractions, make sure there is a good 'resting space' between the contractions (no more than 4 contractions in 10 mins). If the woman has an epidural her care providers / support people will need to assist her to move her pelvis (eg. pelvic rocking using the drawsheet or towel).
- BG management – if the woman is insulin dependent it may be necessary to check BGLs during labour.
- Avoid interventions that cause wounds eg. c-section or episiotomy. High BGLs can interfere with healing and increase the chance of infections.
- Avoid any interventions that interfere with instinctive behaviour as the woman pushes her baby out. If she has an epidural then avoid directed pushing until the baby's head is on the perineum – and then keep it gentle with spaces in between for re-oxygenation of mother/baby and a chance for baby to rotate and move. Do not pull on the baby's head immediately after it has birthed – this can wedge the shoulders into the pelvis before they have had a chance to rotate. If there is no change with the next contraction (no rotation or descent) – then suspect shoulder dystocia. and manage accordingly.
- After birth do not remove the baby from their mother – this will result in a stress response that will burn up the baby's glycogen (glucose stores). These stores will be needed as the baby re-balances their metabolism. Any resuscitation should be done with mother and baby together.
- Prolonged skin-to-skin with mother will stabilise the baby's heart rate and temperature; reduce stress; and encourage early breastfeeding – all great for maintaining BGLs.
- Ensure the baby feeds early and often. Colostrum provides a nutrient dense package of glucose to help the baby keep their BGLs within a normal range. Even a few drops can increase the baby's BGLs significantly. Woman can express and store colostrum at the end of pregnancy to provide additional colostrum for the first hours after birth.
- The baby may have their BGLs monitored as they adjust to the withdrawal of high maternal BGLs. Any monitoring and/or management can be done with mother and baby together. Separating mother and baby is detrimental for all kinds of reasons, including BGL stabilisation.
- Observe the baby during the first week for jaundice. As discussed above, significant jaundice is fairly common for babies who produced high insulin during pregnancy. The baby may need light therapy to resolve their jaundice.
High BGLs in pregnancy alter the growth and development of the baby, increasing the chance of particular complications occurring. However, the label 'gestational diabetes' is problematic because it is poorly defined and there is a lack of evidence to demonstrate that labelling and treatment improves outcomes. Guidelines do not support induction of labour for GD unless BGLs are high. Inducing women before 40 weeks with high BGLs reduces the chance of a large baby and shoulder dystocia, but increases the chance of other complications. Labour and birth care for women with high BGLs should centre on minimising the chance of shoulder dystocia, and supporting the baby to regulate their own BGLs after birth.


In Glogpedia
by Cheesepro
Last updated 5 years ago
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Form:Form is the shape and physical appearance of a structure.Here is a example:
Function:Function is the task or purpose that the structure is designed perform.Here is a example:
Frame structure uses a network or skeleton, of maerials that support each other.Here is a example:
Tension: Tension is an internal force that presses the portides of a stretched object aport. Here is a example:
Shear force happen when two force in an object push or pull in oppsite diretions.Here is a example:
Torsion: Torsion acts in an object when the object is twisted.Here is a example:
Compression: Compression is an internal force that presses the portides of an object together.Here is a example:
Dynamic load: Dynamic load is the force that more or change when acting on a structure.Here is a example:
Shell structure: Shell structure has a hollow, curved shape.Shell structure look like this:
Solid structure: Solid structure uses solid construction materials to support loads.Here is a example:
Internal force act on a structure from the outside.Here is a example:
External force act within the materials that make up a structure.Here is a example:
Purpose: The difference between function and purpose is that the function is what it does and purpose is what it's meant to do.
Live load is a strain on a structure that fluctautes as a result of changing circumstancesHere is a example:
Dead load: Dead load is a weight of a stucture.Here is a example:
By: Mark
Mass: Mass is some thing don't have grarity.Like this:
Centre of gravity: centre of gravity is where the structure's center and where most gravity of structure is.if the structure's centre of gravity low the structure will more stable.
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NAME Class::C3 - A pragma to use the C3 method resolution order algorithm SYNOPSIS # NOTE - DO NOT USE Class::C3 directly as a user, use MRO::Compat instead! package ClassA; use Class::C3; sub hello { 'A::hello' } package ClassB; use base 'ClassA'; use Class::C3; package ClassC; use base 'ClassA'; use Class::C3; sub hello { 'C::hello' } package ClassD; use base ('ClassB', 'ClassC'); use Class::C3; # Classic Diamond MI pattern # # / \ # # \ / # package main; # initializez the C3 module # (formerly called in INIT) Class::C3::initialize(); print join ','=> Class::C3::calculateMRO('ClassD'); # prints ClassD, ClassB, ClassC, ClassA print ClassD->hello(); # prints 'C::hello' instead of the standard p5 'A::hello' ClassD->can('hello')->(); # can() also works correctly UNIVERSAL::can('ClassD', 'hello'); # as does UNIVERSAL::can() DESCRIPTION This is pragma to change Perl 5's standard method resolution order from depth-first left-to-right (a.k.a - pre-order) to the more sophisticated C3 method resolution order. NOTE: YOU SHOULD NOT USE THIS MODULE DIRECTLY - The feature provided is integrated into perl version >= 5.9.5, and you should use MRO::Compat instead, which will use the core implementation in newer perls, but fallback to using this implementation on older perls. What is C3? C3 is the name of an algorithm which aims to provide a sane method resolution order under multiple inheritance. It was first introduced in the language Dylan (see links in the "SEE ALSO" section), and then later adopted as the preferred MRO (Method Resolution Order) for the new-style classes in Python 2.3. Most recently it has been adopted as the 'canonical' MRO for Perl 6 classes, and the default MRO for Parrot objects as well. How does C3 work. C3 works by always preserving local precedence ordering. This essentially means that no class will appear before any of its subclasses. Take the classic diamond inheritance pattern for instance: / \ \ / The standard Perl 5 MRO would be (D, B, A, C). The result being that A appears before C, even though C is the subclass of A. The C3 MRO algorithm however, produces the following MRO (D, B, C, A), which does not have this same issue. This example is fairly trivial, for more complex examples and a deeper explanation, see the links in the "SEE ALSO" section. How does this module work? This module uses a technique similar to Perl 5's method caching. When "Class::C3::initialize" is called, this module calculates the MRO of all the classes which called "use Class::C3". It then gathers information from the symbol tables of each of those classes, and builds a set of method aliases for the correct dispatch ordering. Once all these C3-based method tables are created, it then adds the method aliases into the local classes symbol table. The end result is actually classes with pre-cached method dispatch. However, this caching does not do well if you start changing your _USER_ or messing with class symbol tables, so you should consider your classes to be effectively closed. See the CAVEATS section for more details. OPTIONAL LOWERCASE PRAGMA This release also includes an optional module c3 in the opt/ folder. I did not include this in the regular install since lowercase module names are considered *"bad"* by some people. However I think that code looks much nicer like this: package MyClass; use c3; This is more clunky: package MyClass; use Class::C3; But hey, it's your choice, that's why it is optional. FUNCTIONS calculateMRO ($class) Given a $class this will return an array of class names in the proper C3 method resolution order. initialize This must be called to initialize the C3 method dispatch tables, this module will not work if you do not do this. It is advised to do this as soon as possible after loading any classes which use C3. Here is a quick code example: package Foo; use Class::C3; #... Foo methods here package Bar; use Class::C3; use base 'Foo'; #... Bar methods here package main; Class::C3::initialize(); # now it is safe to use Foo and Bar This function used to be called automatically for you in the INIT phase of the perl compiler, but that lead to warnings if this module was required at runtime. After discussion with my user base (the DBIx::Class folks), we decided that calling this in INIT was more of an annoyance than a convenience. I apologize to anyone this causes problems for (although I would be very surprised if I had any other users other than the DBIx::Class folks). The simplest solution of course is to define your own INIT method which calls this function. NOTE: If "initialize" detects that "initialize" has already been executed, it will "uninitialize" and clear the MRO cache first. uninitialize Calling this function results in the removal of all cached methods, and the restoration of the old Perl 5 style dispatch order (depth-first, left-to-right). reinitialize This is an alias for "initialize" above. METHOD REDISPATCHING It is always useful to be able to re-dispatch your method call to the "next most applicable method". This module provides a pseudo package along the lines of "SUPER::" or "NEXT::" which will re-dispatch the method along the C3 linearization. This is best shown with an example. # a classic diamond MI pattern... # # / \ # # \ / # package A; use c3; sub foo { 'A::foo' } package B; use base 'A'; use c3; sub foo { 'B::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } package C; use base 'A'; use c3; sub foo { 'C::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } package D; use base ('B', 'C'); use c3; sub foo { 'D::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } print D->foo; # prints out "D::foo => B::foo => C::foo => A::foo" A few things to note. First, we do not require you to add on the method name to the "next::method" call (this is unlike "NEXT::" and "SUPER::" which do require that). This helps to enforce the rule that you cannot dispatch to a method of a different name (this is how "NEXT::" behaves as well). The next thing to keep in mind is that you will need to pass all arguments to "next::method". It can not automatically use the current _USER_. If "next::method" cannot find a next method to re-dispatch the call to, it will throw an exception. You can use "next::can" to see if "next::method" will succeed before you call it like so: $self->next::method(_USER_) if $self->next::can; Additionally, you can use "maybe::next::method" as a shortcut to only call the next method if it exists. The previous example could be simply written as: $self->maybe::next::method(_USER_); There are some caveats about using "next::method", see below for those. CAVEATS This module used to be labeled as *experimental*, however it has now been pretty heavily tested by the good folks over at DBIx::Class and I am confident this module is perfectly usable for whatever your needs might be. But there are still caveats, so here goes... Use of "SUPER::". The idea of "SUPER::" under multiple inheritance is ambiguous, and generally not recommended anyway. However, its use in conjunction with this module is very much not recommended, and in fact very discouraged. The recommended approach is to instead use the supplied "next::method" feature, see more details on its usage above. Changing _USER_. It is the author's opinion that changing _USER_ at runtime is pure insanity anyway. However, people do it, so I must caveat. Any changes to the _USER_ will not be reflected in the MRO calculated by this module, and therefore probably won't even show up. If you do this, you will need to call "reinitialize" in order to recalculate all method dispatch tables. See the "reinitialize" documentation and an example in t/20_reinitialize.t for more information. Adding/deleting methods from class symbol tables. This module calculates the MRO for each requested class by interrogating the symbol tables of said classes. So any symbol table manipulation which takes place after our INIT phase is run will not be reflected in the calculated MRO. Just as with changing the _USER_, you will need to call "reinitialize" for any changes you make to take effect. Calling "next::method" from methods defined outside the class There is an edge case when using "next::method" from within a subroutine which was created in a different module than the one it is called from. It sounds complicated, but it really isn't. Here is an example which will not work correctly: *Foo::foo = sub { (shift)->next::method(_USER_) }; The problem exists because the anonymous subroutine being assigned to the glob *


text:
In The Science of Speaking, I note that props can be an effective supplement to (or replacement for) traditional visual aids. A 2010 study by Benjamin Bushong et al. suggests that props can be even more effective than visuals. In particular, when an item is physically present in the room, people attribute significantly higher value to it than when an image of the item is shown.
In the study, participants were presented with a food item, then asked how much they would be willing to pay for it. There were three different methods of presenting the food item: "1) a text condition, in which only the text descriptor (the product name) was shown, 2) an image condition, in which the high-resolution image of the food was shown, and 3) a real condition, in which an open package of the food item was displayed on a tray." In the real condition, people were willing to pay 59% more ($1.13) for the food item than when it was presented through an image ($0.71) or text description ($0.68)!
Then they repeated the experiment with non-food items. Although the effect was not quite as great for non-food items, participants were still willing to pay 41% more for an item that was present ($1.42) than an item that was picture ($1.01) or described ($1.02)!
As this study shows, props can literally pay, so whenever you have one you can use, go for it!


text:
Abbe Sauniere's Mysterious Pagan Talisman – The "Crista" of Constantine"
Abbe Berenger Sauniere was said to have had in his possession a precious gold ornament obtained from the Gallic Druids by Constantine in the 4th c. A.D. Was this sacred artifact the source of the priest's fabulous wealth? It was rumored to have the power to raise the dead and possession of it confirmed kingship on the beholder. Where is it now, and what is the original meaning of its symbolism?
Obtained by Constantine from the Celtic Druids of the Lendit Plain in ancient Gaul, the bejeweled and golden "Crista" has been passed down through the centuries within the church until it was hidden away by the Franciscans in the secret storehouses at Limoux, France during the French Revolution. Abbe Sauniere was directed to its location and was its protector during his lifetime.
Some question whether Sauniere had ever even seen the object, but it is obvious from his repeated use of the Crista-derived "Servants of Mary" insignia in the elaborate décor of his mountain top parish, that he was aware of it. There is a Marian Servites (Servants of Mary) Crista fresco and also a painted drapery mural on the wall embellished with many smaller Crista-inspired roundels. This same sigil is used on the booklet cover of the esoteric "Le Serpent Rouge" possibly penned by Jean Cocteau who was purported to be a modern Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. Other versions of this design are to be seen throughout Roman Catholic art history. It was used as a model for religious monograms and cathedral ceiling mosaics. One variant of cast and painted bronze forms the symbol of Mary Magdalene in her sacred cave near Bruges, France.
Originally protected by the Gallic Druids within their version of the Delphic Oracle near what is now the modern city of Paris, it was said to have been kept underground in a "sacred vacuum" pre 312 A.D. before being surrendered to Constantine. The saying "In Hoc Signo Vinces" ("In this sign you shall conquer") is said to refer to this object and Sauniere used this famous saying on the sculpture which greets the visitors to his church. This artifact bestowed the power of sacred kingship upon its owner for which purpose it was used by Constantine and the Merovingian and Carolingian kings after him. Constantine took it to Rome but it eventually returned to France with the fortunes of war. When Rome was conquered by the Visigoths, they took the Crista to their capital in Toledo, Spain. The Arian Visigoth theologians compared the serpentine design to the staff of Moses that transformed into a red serpent during Moses' confrontation with the court magicians of the Pharoah.
The Frankish king Chidebert returned the Crista to its home in France. Later, St. Denis Cathedral was built to house the talisman which was mentioned in the inventory of church treasures by Abbe Suger in the 12th c. A.D. He compared it to the jeweled foundations of the New Jerusalem in the "Book of Revelations". The Crista was said to measure three feet across, it was made of solid gold, and was set with many precious gems. The reason that it was so large was because it was used as a battle standard. It was held high on a staff and a banner hung down below it, it was called the "Labarum". Abbe Suger was the one to give the Crista its name. Its worth is beyond estimation and its power is legendary.
The priesthood wanted to include the Crista in its collection of sacred relics, but objections arose concerning its ancient pagan origin. In order to christianze the object, its elements were copied and combined with the Latin cross. The capital "M" which forms the basis of the design was said to be a lower-case inverted Greek Omega, as in the symbols of the Christian Alpha and Omega. This was added to the cross in hopes of the Crista being seen as a church, rather than cultic relic. The Crista's M design was compared to the Christian lily, the fleur-de-lys, and the Crista's tau cross element was interpreted as a Christian symbol as well. The tau seems to rise out of the M in the Crista as the yellow pistil rises out of the lily flower.
The Rennes-le-Chateau "Servites of Mary" Crista-inspired monogram is composed of two capital uncial Latin letters, the capital "M" and the capital "S". The rounded looping M is intertwined by the S.
The beautiful Golden Cross of Toledo is a closely guarded treasure which few have seen, even the drawing of it is a closely held secret. It's main component is also the large rounded M which is winged with small flames and surmounted by a small cross upon which hangs the a capital S. This gives the effect of the Nehushtan (caduceus) of Moses in the "Book of Exodus". The Nehushtan was the serpent on the crossed staff which was lifted up for the healing of the Israelites who had been bitten by the fiery flying serpents in the wilderness. The small wings or flames on the Crista's M were regarded as symbols for these flying creatures.
The base of the M in both the Rennes-le-Chateau and Toledo versions is crossed by a curved bar which resembles the downward-curving scabbard of a sword. All of the tips of the elements of the Toledo Cross are foliated, ending in the fleur-de-lys lily flower pattern. It is an exquisite and balanced design.
On the later book let cover of "Le Serpent Rouge" – "The Red Serpent", the cross bar is replaced by a human femur – the thigh bone symbol of the Templars. "The Red Serpent" is said to refer to the royal bloodline flowing down through the ages through the Merovingians and beyond. Possession of the Crista determined that the king was recognized as such and it was utilized to confirm power upon Constantine, Dagobert, and Charlemagne when they ascended to the throne. The Crista's importance is evident archaeologically when studying the coins minted during these early realms.
Crista-inspired "Servants of Mary" insignia fresco in Rennes-le-Chateau Church
Power and Design
When this pagan solar symbol was originally designed, the M and the S which compose it were not yet interpreted as letters of the alphabet, they represented the powers of nature. The voluptuous M looks like a maternal feminine form while the sinuous S seems to embody the male energy. Perhaps these powers combined to portray the fertility of the kingdom which in ancient times was linked to the underworld as in the Greek myth of Demeter and her daughter Persephone who was kidnapped by Hades and taken to his realm under the earth. The seasonal fertility of the land is the origin of the myth of Persephone. The underworld is also the world of those all-important oraclar messages which directed ancient societies. (This is my own theory).
The Crista was originally stored underground by the Druids of Gaul which would have insured the power of the ruler as the source of the fertility of the earth under his rule as well as maintaining a link to the realm of the spirits.
The Crista is a totally unique object, a one of a kind. It is real and not mythological. Some say it came from Troy, or from above - "from before our history." If one regards the Trojans and the Celts to be of ancient Israelite origin, the Trojans as blonde descendants of Benjamin, and the Celts as members of the Lost 10 Tribes of Israel, then the "S" entwined on the tau cross-staff symbol is no coincidence. (This is my own theory).
Cover of the booklet "Le Serpent Rouge"
Where is ithe Crista now?
Abbe Sauniere was thrilled to find this treasure and valued it highly, keeping it with him during his lifetime. Upon his death it was secreted away by church authorities who sought to keep its power from their rivals, they did not want its sacred power to bestow the right to rule used by their enemies. This ornament is the subject of intense curiosity to scholars of the Rennes-le-Chateau mystery. How they long to lay their eyes upon its dazzling splendor.
Thank you to IBJ Research Group and Andrew Gough's Arcadia Forum for the Crista research.


bastard + -ize
Alternative formsEdit
bastardize (third-person singular simple present bastardizes, present participle bastardizing, simple past and past participle bastardized)
 1. To claim or demonstrate that someone is a bastard, or illegitimate.
 The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock. — Blackstone.
 2. To reduce from a higher to a lower state; to debase.
 The simplified word processor is a less-functional, bastardized version of the full program.
 3. To introduce debased elements into.
 4. To beget out of wedlock.


text:
by Jonathan Brisendine – Field & Lab Archaeologist
During the excavation process, one of the common artifacts found on historic sites is glass. So what does this tell us archaeologically other than there was glass here? We classify glass in two major categories Flat and Curved. Flat glass usually pertains to window glass, while curved or hollow usually pertains to you guessed it, bottles. Once we collect all the artifacts in field they are brought back to the lab where they are cleaned then cataloged. From this we can get an accurate amount of each type of glass that was found. Because, of the detailed records we keep of the location of our testing units both the vertical and horizontal location is known. With this information we can draw meaning interpretations from even the most ubiquitous artifacts. Seen below is an imagined example of a historic foundation and the results of the statistical mapping that we could produce once we have gathered the information of the type and frequency of glass once catalogued.
Blue indicates the location where flat glass was found while green indicated where the curved hollow glass was found. What conclusions would you draw from this information? First note the brick structure. Think about structures and where flat glass would most likely be found and why. Also, think about areas of activity inside such a structure. Where would a person store & use hollow glass such as bottles. To see how we might interpret the location of the artifacts, see the image below.


text:
True / False Flags
I'm still pretty busy, but yesterday I spent the whole day doing this DIY project for my practicum, so I just wanted to share what I made with you.
I had to hold a class to 6th graders and I wanted to amp it up a bit because the topic wasn't very interesting. Therefore, I decided to create these true / false flags for the students to use during a typical true/false activity. I read some statements connected to the text we were working on and they had to raise a "T" flag if a statement was correct and an "F" flag if it was false. They were ecstatic when they saw the flags, so if you have some free time, try spending it on creating them, your students will love you and you'll be able to reuse them for sure.
So, you'll need the following:
- some long and thick straws in two colors
- some paper in two colors
Cut the straws in half. The easiest and fastest way to do that is to measure the first one and then just use already cut one as a stencil.
Cut the paper in half, so that you get two long pieces. You can also use the first one as a stencil.
Fold the paper in half, put some glue in the middle, and put a straw on it.
Put some more glue on one side of the paper, fold the rest over and stick together.
Write "T" on one color flags and "F" on another ones. And that's it!
I hope this helps and would like to see your recreations if you try it out. :)


2019-02-15 12:27:00 无锡盛发地坪科技有限公司 阅读
 One of the basic steps in the construction of epoxy floor is to apply primer paint. Priming is like coating a nail with a base coat, then applying nail polish and seal coat. The primer layer is between the floor surface and the epoxy floor paint, which enhances the adhesion between the epoxy floor paint and the floor. So some people may ask, what is the amount of epoxy floor primer used? In fact, the use of epoxy floor primer is affected by many factors. 1、地面强度的影响环氧地坪底漆的使用最重要的因素是底面的底面粘结强度，从而影响整体强度。环氧环氧地坪施工时一般要求混凝土地面强度大于C25，底漆用量较好的底漆一般为0.05-0.2kg/m2，如果地面强度太低，地面松动，容易沙，环氧树脂使用的底漆量将根据实际环境和情况而有所不同。另外，如果地板施工基础强度低，但是没有施加适量的环氧环氧地坪底漆来增加地板表面的粘结强度，环氧地板的质量差。如果地板上有叉车和其他重物，环氧树脂地板可能与环氧树脂地板一起被击倒。因此，在环氧树脂地板施工中，我们必须确保底漆涂布量的数量。如果地面的整体强度太低，可以根据环氧树脂涂层的载荷和强度要求进行选择，或者进行有条件的地面转化。
 1. The most important factor affecting the use of epoxy floor primer is the bonding strength of the bottom, which affects the overall strength. In the construction of epoxy floor, the strength of concrete floor is generally required to be greater than C25, and the amount of primer with better primer dosage is generally 0.05-0.2kg/m2. If the ground strength is too low, the ground is loose and easy to sand, the amount of primer used by epoxy resin will vary according to the actual environment and situation. In addition, if the floor construction foundation strength is low, but no appropriate amount of epoxy floor primer is applied to increase the bonding strength of the floor surface, the quality of the epoxy floor is poor. If there are forklifts and other heavy objects on the floor, the epoxy floor may be knocked down together with the epoxy floor. Therefore, in the construction of epoxy floor, we must ensure the amount of primer coating. If the overall strength of the ground is too low, the choice can be made according to the load and strength requirements of the epoxy coating, or the ground conversion can be carried out conditionally.
 2. The wear degree of the old and new ground is different, of course. According to the length of time and the different bearing capacity of the old ground, the degree of damage to the ground is different. Sometimes the ground will have a large area of pits and cracks, etc. So it is necessary to repair the epoxy primer before construction. The control of cracks and pit repair leveling is very necessary. Faced with the newer ground environment, the ground strength and smoothness are better, and the general control amount is within 0.05? 0.2kg/m2. Faced with the old ground, professional and technical personnel will provide you with floor control materials according to the actual situation, taking account of customers can not consider.
 We know that the ground oil is also very good in the initial stage of epoxy floor construction, which is often encountered in the original concrete floor treatment construction. Otherwise, the ground treatment is not conducive to the construction quality of late leveling and causes great damage. The existence of various oils seriously affects the adhesion of epoxy floor coatings and base materials, and has strong air permeability. Especially when exposed to oil base for a long time, oil is difficult to clean. The only thorough and effective way is to re-pour the concrete base and completely dry the epoxy floor immediately after construction.
 Traditionally, according to the degree of oil pollution, the following methods can be used to enhance the adhesion between epoxy floor coatings and the bottom in the case of pouring concrete base.
 1. Wash with hydrochloric acid first. Flushing with hydrochloric acid mainly plays a degreasing role. The concentration of hydrochloric acid should not be too high. 4?5% can be used. How many times can you push heavy oil? In this way, attention should be paid to safety, ventilation, if not accidental spilling of hydrochloric acid, it needs to be washed with a large amount of water. Wash with hydrochloric acid and then with alkali. A mixture of 1 kg caustic sodium and 20 kg water is used to scrape soil for the purpose of neutralizing hydrochloric acid. Because the bottom of the epoxy floor is not very strong hydrochloric acid.
 2. Flame combustion: This method is only effective for fuel oil. It should be noted that excessive combustion should not be allowed, otherwise concrete will burst.
 3. Polishing: Only suitable for thin oil (< 2mm), use a grinder to grind the corroded cement and oil, and then wash the floor with a large amount of water.
 The above methods can effectively improve the adhesion of epoxy floor coating between the coating and the surface of the base material. However, the epoxy resin used in oil surface construction is always unstable and must be maintained several times. After stratification, the situation will disappear slowly. Ground oil treatment is a very troublesome thing. It is suggested to produce oil leakage on the ground of enterprises and automobile repair shops. Therefore, business should be done first after the production of epoxy floor paint.
 标签: 地坪 环氧地坪漆 环氧地坪漆 环氧地坪施工


text:
KENERELA partnered with IAVI to conduct baseline dialogue training that sought to address the issue of HIV vaccines and also understand the knowledge, attitude and practices of religious leaders so as to galvanize them to be a voice towards stigma reduction.Studies conducted within faith communities have found out that there exists a knowledge gap in articulation of new prevention technologies among religious groups. This makes it difficult for them to reach out to the over 97% of Kenyans who subscribe to a certain religion. In order to overcome existing barriers to access, uptake and appreciation of the place of new prevention technologies by masses, religious leaders' capacity need to built so that they can become ambassadors of the same.The place of religious leaders and the unique role they play in the society gives them an opportunity to be agents of change in shaping society's perspectives towards vaccines. As trusted and respected leaders of influence, religious leaders can, collectively, arrest HIV related stigma towards new HIV prevention technologies. By building the capacity of religious leaders living with and personally affected by HIV as 'Heralds of Change' would increase their ability to address the above issues many of them having experienced stigma in various forms.
Objectives of partnership
- To disseminate the information to the religious leaders on the HIV vaccines and initiate dialogue among the leaders within their faith communities
- To cluster pre baseline knowledge, attitude that the faith communities have in regards to HIV vaccines.
- Build consensus around an advocacy agenda on the new preventive measures on HIV
The expected outcome of the meeting includes;
- Conducting a baseline survey focusing on the existing knowledge, attitude and develop a possible advocacy agenda based on the findings for future reference
- Development of appropriate advocacy agenda for use by religious leaders on the new HIV prevention technologies
- Developing a safe platform for faith communities to give their opinions on issues of the new HIV vaccines
- Development of data for use in advocacy in local, national, regional and international forums.
The way forward
- Conduct a consensus for the baseline(INERELA+KENYA) has already conducted the survery and the dissemination process is underway.
- Enhance the roles and responsibilities among religious in ensuing effective baseline survey among faith communities
Overall Project Completion


text: FISHSHOT is a documentary project about loneliness, emotional isolation, and sentimental repression in Finnish society. These problems go further when the people start drinking to fight against them. The excessive consumption of alcohol is present in more than half cases of suicide, homicide and gender violence. A problem rooted in Finnish society that causes, directly or indirectly, a huge number of deaths among the population. The consequences hurt a country well known for its high-quality life, surrounded by idyllic landscapes, cold and darkness.


Did you know?
buzz - definition and synonyms
What are red words?
Thesaurus diagram
verb buzz pronunciation in American English
Word Forms
present tense
present participlebuzzing
past tensebuzzed
past participlebuzzed
 1. 1
 [intransitive]Sound effect when an insect such as a fly or bee buzzes, it makes a rough continuous sound
 1. a.
 [intransitive] used about machines or electric tools that make a similar sound when they are being used
 Saws were buzzing everywhere.
 2. b.
 [intransitive] to move somewhere while buzzing
 buzz around/by/past etc.:
 Flies were buzzing around my head.
 3. c.
 [intransitive] [usually progressive] if your ears or your head are buzzing, you can hear a continuous sound inside your head
 My head was still buzzing hours after leaving the nightclub.
 4. d.
 [intransitive/transitive] spoken to press a buzzer to attract someone's attention
 Just buzz me when the client arrives.
 Buzz if you know the answer.
 2. 2
 [intransitive] [usually progressive] if a place or group of people is buzzing, there is a lot of noise or activity
 buzz with:
 Normally the house was buzzing with cheerful conversation.
 1. a.
 if someone's head, mind, or brain is buzzing with ideas, questions, etc. or if these are buzzing around in their head, mind, or brain, they cannot stop thinking about them
 buzz with:
 His mind was always buzzing with new and exciting ideas.
 buzz around:
 With all these questions buzzing around in my head, I couldn't sleep.
 Synonyms and related words
 3. 3
 [transitive] informal to fly an airplane low over people or buildings
 The locals are fed up with being buzzed by military jets.
 4. 4
 [intransitive] to move around quickly and busily
 buzz around/about:
 Jane buzzed around serving drinks and chatting with her guests.
phrasal verbs
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open/agreeable/able to be communicated with via text
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March 15, 2014
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Redirect I/O to a TextBoxWriter in.NET
 - April 17, 2006
 - By Paul Kimmel
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A data stream is like a river where you set data adrift. You put data on the river and it floats along, waiting to be plucked out at some other location. As with streams in nature, you can move up or down the stream, see what's there, and put in or take out things. Streams in.NET work that way too. In.NET, the console is represented by the stream class/metaphor. When you write a statement such as Console.WriteLine, the argument to WriteLine is put on the stream and it usually shows up in a command window.
Sometimes, though, you want basic output to go somewhere else besides the console (or DOS prompt). For example, System.Diagnostics sends Debug statements to the Output window in Visual Studio, and NUnit redirects Console.WriteLine statements to an internal window in its NUnit GUI. Well, you can redirect console output for your applications too, and this article shows you how. Specifically, you'll learn how to redirect Console output streams to a TextBox instead of the command window.
Creating a Custom TextWriter
The System.Console class has an Out property. The Out property is an instance of a TextWriter. To redirect Console output statements, you have to define a class that inherits from System.IO.TextWriter and replaces the default value of Out to an instance of your custom class. After you define and create an instance of your custom TextWriter, you replace the value of Out by calling Console.SetOut.
After defining the custom TextWriter class, you need to define two things:
 1. A control that will be the new output locus
 2. An event handler that is fired when the Windows handle of the new output control is created. (You need the Windows handle because you can't perform tasks such as sending text to a TextBox until that TextBox's Windows handle is created.)
Listing 1 shows the custom TextWriter import statements, class header, and fields.
Listing 1: The Stub for the Custom TextWriter
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Text
Public Class TextBoxWriter
 Inherits System.IO.TextWriter
 Private control As TextBoxBase
 Private Builder As StringBuilder
End Class
Implementing the Constructor
You add the constructor to the code in Listing 1. The constructor accepts a TextBox as an argument to the constructor and wires up the HandleCreated event handler for the TextBox. Listing 2 is the code for passing a textbox control to the Sub New constructor and wiring up an event handler for the TextBox's HandleCreated event. (The entire TextBoxWriter class is listed at the end of the article.)
Listing 2: Pass a TextBox Control and Wire Up an Event Handler
Public Sub New(ByVal control As TextBox)
 Me.control = control
 AddHandler control.HandleCreated, _
 New EventHandler(AddressOf OnHandleCreated)
End Sub
You don't create the StringBuilder field in the constructor because you need it only temporarily: when data is sent to the TextBoxWriter and until the TextBox's HandleCreated event fires.
Buffering I/O Until the TextBox Is Created
You can send text to the Console by using Console.Write or Console.WriteLine before a TextBox can actually handle the text. So, you need to implement a buffering scheme that can store text sent to the TextBoxWriter until the TextBox's handle is created. Once the handle is created, you can flush the buffer and forward any additional text directly to the control. Listing 3 contains a combination of Write and WriteLine methods and private subroutines for buffering text. The Public Write and WriteLine methods support basic output behaviors, and the private methods manage buffering text until the real output target is created. (You add the code in Listing 3 to the TextBoxWriter class from Listing 1.)
Listing 3: Public Write and WriteLine Methods, and Private Methods
Public Overrides Sub Write(ByVal ch As Char)
End Sub
Public Overrides Sub Write(ByVal s As String)
 If (control.IsHandleCreated) Then
 End If
End Sub
Public Overrides Sub WriteLine(ByVal s As String)
 Write(s + Environment.NewLine)
End Sub
Private Sub BufferText(ByVal s As String)
 If (Builder Is Nothing) Then
 Builder = New StringBuilder()
 End If
End Sub
Private Sub AppendText(ByVal s As String)
 If (Builder Is Nothing = False) Then
 Builder = Nothing
 End If
End Sub
All Write invocations end up at Write(ByVal s as String). This Write statement checks the control to see whether the handle has been created. If the TextBox's handle is created, it forwards the text to the control by using AppendText. If the control's handle hasn't been created yet, it buffers the text in the StringBuilder using the BufferText method. (The StringBuilder is created on demand, if needed, when BufferText is called.)
Knowing When the TextBox's Handle Is Created
The last bit of code is wired to the TextBox's HandleCreated event property. Listing 4 demonstrates how you can flush the buffer and release the StringBuilder when the TextBox's handle is created.
Listing 4: OnHandleCreated Responds When the TextBox's Handle Is Created
Private Sub OnHandleCreated(ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As EventArgs)
 If (Builder Is Nothing = False) Then
 Builder = Nothing
 End If
End Sub
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Moment distribution method
The moment distribution method (not to be confused with moment redistribution) is a structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross. It was published in 1930 in an ASCE journal. The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear effects. From the 1930s until computers began to be widely used in the design and analysis of structures, the moment distribution method was the most widely practiced method.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Implementation
- 3 Example
- 4 See also
- 5 Notes
- 6 References
- 7 External links
In the moment distribution method, every joint of the structure to be analysed is fixed so as to develop the fixed-end moments. Then each fixed joint is sequentially released and the fixed-end moments (which by the time of release are not in equilibrium) are distributed to adjacent members until equilibrium is achieved. The moment distribution method in mathematical terms can be demonstrated as the process of solving a set of simultaneous equations by means of iteration.
The moment distribution method falls into the category of displacement method of structural analysis.
In order to apply the moment distribution method to analyse a structure, the following things must be considered.
Fixed end moments
Fixed end moments are the moments produced at member ends by external loads when the joints are fixed.
The flexural stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the second moment of area (I) divided by the length (L) of the member. What is needed in the moment distribution method is not the exact value but the ratio of flexural stiffness of all members.
When a joint is released and begins to rotate under the unbalanced moment, resisting forces develop at each member framed together at the joint. Although the total resistance is equal to the unbalanced moment, the magnitudes of resisting forces developed at each member differ by the members' flexural stiffness. Distribution factors can be defined as the proportions of the unbalanced moments carried by each of the members. In mathematical terms, distribution factor of member framed at joint is given as:
where n is the number of members framed at the joint.
When a joint is released, balancing moment occurs to counterbalance the unbalanced moment which is initially the same as the fixed-end moment. This balancing moment is then carried over to the member's other end. The ratio of the carried-over moment at the other end to the fixed-end moment of the initial end is the carryover factor.
Determination of carryover factors
Let one end (end A) of a fixed beam be released and applied a moment while the other end (end B) remains fixed. This will cause end A to rotate through an angle. Once the magnitude of developed at end B is found, the carryover factor of this member is given as the ratio of over :
In case of a beam of length L with constant cross-section whose flexural rigidity is,
therefore the carryover factor
Once a sign convention has been chosen, it has to be maintained for the whole structure. The traditional engineer's sign convention is not used in the calculations of the moment distribution method although the results can be expressed in the conventional way. In the BMD case, the left side moment is clockwise direction and other is anticlockwise direction so the bending is positive and is called sagging.
Framed structures with or without sidesway can be analysed using the moment distribution method.
The statically indeterminate beam shown in the figure is to be analysed.
- Members AB, BC, CD have the same span.
- Flexural rigidities are EI, 2EI, EI respectively.
- Concentrated load of magnitude acts at a distance from the support A.
- Uniform load of intensity acts on BC.
- Member CD is loaded at its midspan with a concentrated load of magnitude.
In the following calculations, counterclockwise moments are positive.
Fixed end moments
Flexural stiffness and distribution factors
The flexural stiffness of members AB, BC and CD are, and, respectively. Therefore, expressing the results in repeating decimal notation:
The distribution factors of joints A and D are and.
The carryover factors are, except for the carryover factor from D (fixed support) to C which is zero.
Numbersare balanced moments; arrows ( ) represent the carry-over of moment from one end to the other end of a member.* Step 1: As joint A is released, balancing moment of magnitude equal to the fixed end moment develops and is carried-over from joint A to joint B.* Step 2: The unbalanced moment at joint B now is the summation of the fixed end moments, and the carry-over moment from joint A. This unbalanced moment is distributed to members BA and BC in accordance with the distribution factors and. Step 2 ends with carry-over of balanced moment to joint C. Joint A is a roller support which has no rotational restraint, so moment carryover from joint B to joint A is zero.* Step 3: The unbalanced moment at joint C now is the summation of the fixed end moments, and the carryover moment from joint B. As in the previous step, this unbalanced moment is distributed to each member and then carried over to joint D and back to joint B. Joint D is a fixed support and carried-over moments to this joint will not be distributed nor be carried over to joint C.* Step 4: Joint B still has balanced moment which was carried over from joint C in step 3. Joint B is released once again to induce moment distribution and to achieve equilibrium.* Steps 5 - 10: Joints are released and fixed again until every joint has unbalanced moments of size zero or neglectably small in required precision. Arithmetically summing all moments in each respective columns gives the final moment values.
- Moments at joints determined by the moment distribution method
- The conventional engineer's sign convention is used here, i.e. positive moments cause elongation at the bottom part of a beam member.
For comparison purposes, the following are the results generated using a matrix method. Note that in the analysis above, the iterative process was carried to >0.01 precision. The fact that the matrix analysis results and the moment distribution analysis results match to 0.001 precision is mere coincidence.
- Moments at joints determined by the matrix method
The complete shear and bending moment diagrams are as shown. Note that the moment distribution method only determines the moments at the joints. Developing complete bending moment diagrams require additional calculations using the determined joint moments and internal section equilibrium.
- SFD and BMD
Result via displacements method
As the Hardy Cross method provides only approximate results, with a margin of error inversely proportionate to the number of iterations, it is important to have an idea of how accurate this method might be. With this in mind, here is the result obtained by using an exact method: the displacement method
For this, the displacements method equation assumes the following form:
For the structure described in this example, the stiffness matrix is as follows:
The equivalent nodal force vector:
Replacing the values presented above in the equation and solving it for leads to the following result:
Hence, the moments evaluated in node B are as follows:
The moments evaluated in node C are as follows:
- Cross, Hardy (1930). "Analysis of Continuous Frames by Distributing Fixed-End Moments". Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). pp. 919–928.
- Błaszkowiak, Stanisław; Zbigniew Kączkowski (1966). Iterative Methods in Structural Analysis. Pergamon Press, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
- Norris, Charles Head; John Benson Wilbur; Senol Utku (1976). Elementary Structural Analysis (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 327–345. ISBN 0-07-047256-4.
- McCormac, Jack C.; James K. Nelson, Jr. (1997). Structural Analysis: A Classical and Matrix Approach (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 488–538. ISBN 0-673-99753-7. Cite uses deprecated parameter
- Yang, Chang-hyeon (2001-01-10). Structural Analysis (in Korean) (4th ed.). Seoul: Cheong Moon Gak Publishers. pp. 391–422. ISBN 89-7088-709-1.
- Volokh, K.Y. (2002). On foundations of the Hardy Cross method. International Journal of Solids and Structures,Volume 39, Issue 16, August 2002, Pages 4197-4200. doi:10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00345-1.


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To view all installed sysobjects for the database, run the following query, replacing DBNAME with the name of the relevant database:
select * from sysobjects where xtype ='P' and name like 'aspnet_%'
Sysobject creation scripts are specific to the object. The script below will create aspnet_SchemaVersions:
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].aspnet_CheckSchemaVersion
BEGIN IF (EXISTS( SELECT *
WHERE Feature = LOWER( _USER_ ) AND
CompatibleSchemaVersion = _USER_ ))


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Difference Between Flours
The difference between plain and self-raising flour
Have you ever thought what is the difference between plain flour and self-raising flour?
As flour is an integral part of the baking process, we think it is very important to get right.
Plain flour, also known as all-purpose flour, has about 75% of the wheat grain, with most of the bran and wheat germ taken out. Commonly used for cakes, pastries and biscuits. This can also be accompanied with a rising agent, like baking powder and bicarbonate of soda to help with the rising process.
Self-raising flour however has a rising agent, and can contain salt, which has already been added. Whereas the plain requires these rising agents to added separately to make the cakes rise.
So, can you switch plain flour for self-raising flour within a recipe?
Unfortunately, you should not really switch the two, as it is important to remember that these two different ingredients are not interchangeable and you should use the flour the recipe states.
How much raising agent is actually in self-raising flour?
As self-raising flour is still just plain flour which had had the rising agents added to it, the amount of rising agent is the same as half a teaspoon of baking powder per 100g of plain flour.
We use self-raising flour within our cake just to ensure that each cake mix contains the perfect mix of flour and rising agents. To make sure that all Sponges rise perfectly! Our self-raising wheat flour contains sodium bicarbonate in order for the Sponges to rise!
We need all our sponges to contain the same quantity of rising agents, for them to rise the right amount. This is why we use self-raising flour that already has the rising agents within the flour, for it to remain consistent.
Gluten Free Flours
To make our extraordinary Gluten Free Sponge Cakes we use special Gluten Free Self-raising flour, which is made out of rice, potato, tapioca, maize and buckwheat. For our Gluten Free Sponges, we use self-raising flour as well to ensure that they rise as well as our regular sponges.
We use high quality self-raising flour within all of our cakes to ensure they cook to our high standards. As well as all British ingredients, and supporting other British companies.
As for our Vegan Sponges we use the same Self raising flour as for our normal sponge cake recipes but using soya the plant based milk.
What's the difference between flour and corn flour?
All-purpose flour (or plain flour) has a slightly finer texture than corn flour. Corn flour can be coarser, and it behaves differently than all-purpose flour, as it is more absorbent. You can use corn flour in baking (it could be a great alternative for a gluten free bake, as it's naturally gluten-free), but you need to approach it with some knowledge about how it works. You'll need to increase the amount of liquid in a recipe, such as milk or water, to compensate for the absorbency. This will help reduce the risk that your baked item will be dry or dense.
Another pro for cornflour is that it's lighter and sweeter, so it provides a different flavour profile and texture to all-purpose flour. So, it could be one to consider when you're looking for an alternative flour.
What's the difference between cornstarch and corn flour?
So, let's start with the obvious, most people don't really know the difference between the two because they both do derive from corn. The key differences are in their nutrient profiles and uses. Cornstarch (as in its name) is a 'starchy' gluten free flour, whereas corn flour is a 'protein' gluten free flour.
Typically, cornstarch is a very fine white powder, that has a chalky appearance, and is more often used as a thickening agent to thicken sauces like roux's and custard. It's obtained by extracting the starch from the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Corn flour, however, is made using the entirety of dried corn kernels, and they are processed into a fine powder. It contains fibre, protein, and a small amount of fat, as well as the starch. This can be used for a variety of cooking recipes, and as mentioned above can be used as a gluten-free alternative to other standard flours.
Check the date!
Make sure when you are baking yourself at home, that you check the expiration date of the flour which you are using especially when you are using self-raising flour. If your self-raising flour is out of date then your sponge may not rise properly! As it is know that plain flour has a generally longer self-life than self raising flour, due to the fact it does not have rising agents which expire.
We get through so much self-raising flour, there is not an issue with making sure that we use it up in time, therefore we prefer to use self-raising flour.


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Many man-made and natural phenomena, including the intensity of earthquakes, population of cities and size of international wars, are believed to follow power-law distributions. The accurate identification of power-law patterns has significant consequences for correctly understanding and modeling complex systems. However, statistical evidence for or against the power-law hypothesis is complicated by large fluctuations in the empirical distribution's tail, and these are worsened when information is lost from binning the data. We adapt the statistically principled framework for testing the power-law hypothesis, developed by Clauset, Shalizi and Newman, to the case of binned data. This approach includes maximum-likelihood fitting, a hypothesis test based on the Kolmogorov--Smirnov goodness-of-fit statistic and likelihood ratio tests for comparing against alternative explanations. We evaluate the effectiveness of these methods on synthetic binned data with known structure, quantify the loss of statistical power due to binning, and apply the methods to twelve real-world binned data sets with heavy-tailed patterns.
Power-law distributions in binned empirical data
Yogesh Virkar, Aaron Clauset


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There's a distinction to be made between two notions: foliations and distributions.
A distribution is the data, at each point m of M, of a subspace of Tm(M). These subspaces are all of the same dimension (say r), and depend smoothly on the point m, which means that they are generated by r smooth vector fields.
A foliation is a partition of the manifold into (not necessarily closed) submanifolds, such that, locally, this partition looks like the standard decomposition of ℝn into translates of ℝd. Ok, there's a caveat in my description since a same leaf could come infinitely many often in the neighborhood of a given point m. Anyways... I'm assuming that you know what a foliation is.
Foliations of M form a subset of distributions on M.
The Frobenius integrability criterion (mentioned by Tom in him remark) states that a distribution D comes from a foliation iff for any vector fields v and w tangent to D, their Lie bracket is again tangent to D.
It turns out that that criterion is always satisfied for one-dimensional distributions, and so one-dimensional distributions are indeed in bijection with one-dimensional foliations. But that's no longer true for r ≥ 2.
The operation of taking orthogonal complement is a very good operation for distributions: it's always well defined, and the orthogonal complement of the orthogonal complement is the distribution you started with.
But the orthogonal complement of a foliation is typically only a distribution.
The standard example that illustrates that situation is the vector field sin(z)d/dx + cos(z)d/dy on ℝ3. It defines a perfectly good foliation, but its orthogonal fails to satisfy the Frobenius integrability criterion, and therefore fails to be a foliation (in this particular case, it's a contact structure, another beautiful mathematical notion...).
Ah! You also wanted the foliation to be defined by the orbits of a group acting by isometries... That can be arranged: take the action of S1 on S3 given by the Hopf fibration. The orthogonal distribution is the standard contact structure on S3.
You also said that you wanted you Riemanninan manifold to be flat... In that case, you can take ℝ4=ℂ2 with its S1-action by complex multiplication. That example contains the above S3 example as an
invariant submanifold, and therefore reproduces all its features.


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U.S. Customs and Border Protection Cybersecurity Strategy
Given the integral role that technology plays across the agency, CBP recognizes the direct link between strong cybersecurity and mission effectiveness. Terrorists and criminals launch new cyber attacks against CBP every day in an attempt to disrupt CBP operations and cause harm to the United States. As a result, CBP developed a strategy that promotes proactive, risk based cybersecurity practices that create a robust posture for CBP systems, networks, and data. The cybersecurity strategy includes three goals:
- Protect the CBP mission and people by integrating cybersecurity into the organization: CBP has a responsibility to ensure that cybersecurity measures are integrated throughout all of its mission areas through effective governance policies and procedures.
- Build a strong cybersecurity foundation and work toward sustainable mission integrity: CBP must achieve a proactive and vigilant cybersecurity posture, ready to quickly respond and recover from a cyber incident so that cyber attacks do not compromise CBP's ability to perform its mission.
- Develop and support a skilled work force: Recruiting, developing, and retaining a cybersecurity workforce that is equipped to work with new technologies and address emerging threats is vital to protect CBP's ability to execute its mission.
CBP will use this strategy to coordinate and guide cybersecurity activities across each of its offices in order to achieve a strong and more resilient security posture.
This marks the first such strategy for CBP. For additional questions on the CBP Cybersecurity Strategy or information on cybersecurity at CBP, contact Shaun Khalfan, CBP's Chief System Security Officer, at _EMAIL_.


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Definitions of significant deficiency & material weakness, and lowering the threshold for reportable control deficiencies.
Statement of Auditing Standards No. 112/115 (SAS 112/115) introduced definitions of significant deficiency and material weakness that lowered the threshold for reportable control deficiencies during the course of an external audit at UC Davis.
1. Control deficiencies
These exist when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements in a timely manner. Materiality of the control deficiency is not just determined by the actual misstatement (i.e., dollar amount of the error), but by the potential dollars that could also be incorrect.
Examples of control deficiencies include:
- Lack of timeliness of cash deposits and account reconciliation
- Lack of review and reconciliation of departmental expenditures
- Lack of overdraft funds monitoring
- Lack of physical inventory
2. Significant deficiencies
Significant deficiencies are a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affect the entity's ability to initiate, authorize, record, process, or report financial data reliably in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the entity's financial statements (that is more than inconsequential) will not be prevented or detected.
3. Material weakness
Material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the financial statements will not be prevented or detected.
All university departments must work together to protect UC Davis with controls that support financial reporting and ensure that key controls are in place and operating as intended.


Durum Flour 100g to g diet. fibre converter for culinary teaching and diet.
durum flour conversion
Breadcrumbs: main Flours menudurum flour menu- 100 gram portions
Amount: 1 - 100 grams portion (100g) of durum flour mass portion
Equals: 3.33 grams of dietary fibers (g diet. fibre) in durum flour mass
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Work out grams of dietary fibers of durum flour per 1 - 100 grams portion unit. The durum flour converter for chefs and bakers, culinary arts classes, students and for home use.
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Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Hard Flour From Durum Wheat
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The link to this tool will appear as: Culinary durum flour from - 100 grams portion (100g) into grams of dietary fibers (g diet. fibre) conversion.


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ECU geography poster details hurricane phenomena
(Dec. 4, 2003)
A poster about the particulars of hurricanes was developed this year by East Carolina University's Department of Geography and the student organization Geoclub. The poster, "Tempests from the Tropics: Atlantic & Gulf Coast Hurricanes," was produced by ECU students as part of an annual project designed to educate the public about issues in current events. The free map will be available in area schools, public libraries and Barnes & Noble Booksellers.
In the past two years, faculty and students worked together to produce and distribute map posters on Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively. This year, the group chose to design an informational poster on hurricanes because of the traumatic impact that these events have on life in North Carolina.
"This is particularly the case in light of the continuing aftermath of Hurricane Floyd in 1999 and the more recent damage caused by Hurricane Isabel in 2003," said ECU Geography professor Derek Alderman.
Made with state of the art geospatial data and technology, the poster contains graphic illustrations and photographs and explains how hurricanes form, how much death and property damage they can cause, how they are named and why hurricanes take the unique geographic path they do toward North Carolina.


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2010)|
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, shielding material, glass, etc. An opaque object is neither transparent (allowing all light to pass through) nor translucent (allowing some light to pass through). When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see refraction). Reflection can be diffuse, for example light reflecting off a white wall, or specular, for example light reflecting off a mirror. An opaque substance transmits no light, and therefore reflects, scatters, or absorbs all of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque. Opacity depends on the frequency of the light being considered. For instance, some kinds of glass, while transparent in the visual range, are largely opaque to ultraviolet light. More extreme frequency-dependence is visible in the absorption lines of cold gases. Opacity can be quantified in many ways; for example, see the article mathematical descriptions of opacity.
Quantitative definition
The words "opacity" and "opaque" are often used as colloquial terms for objects or media with the properties described above. However, there is also a specific, quantitative definition of "opacity", used in astronomy, plasma physics, and other fields, given here.
In this use, "opacity" is another term for the mass attenuation coefficient (or, depending on context, mass absorption coefficient, the difference is described here) at a particular frequency of electromagnetic radiation.
More specifically, if a beam of light with frequency travels through a medium with opacity and mass density, both constant, then the intensity will be reduced with distance x according to the formula
- x is the distance the light has traveled through the medium
- is the intensity of light remaining at distance x
- is the initial intensity of light, at
For a given medium at a given frequency, the opacity has a numerical value that may range between 0 and infinity, with units of length2/mass.
Planck and Rosseland opacity
It is customary to define the average opacity, calculated using a certain weighting scheme. Planck opacity uses normalized Planck black body radiation energy density distribution as the weighting function, and averages directly. Rosseland opacity (after Svein Rosseland), on the other hand, uses a temperature derivative of Planck distribution (normalized) as the weighting function, and averages,
The photon mean free path is. The Rosseland opacity is derived in the diffusion approximation to the radiative transport equation. It is valid whenever the radiation field is isotropic over distances comparable to or less than a radiation mean free path, such as in local thermal equilibrium. In practice, the mean opacity for Thomson electron scattering is:
where is the hydrogen mass fraction. For nonrelativistic thermal bremsstrahlung, or free-free transitions, it is:
The Rosseland mean absorption coefficient including both scattering and absorption (also called the extinction coefficient) is:
See also
- Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
- Mathematical descriptions of opacity
- Molar absorptivity
- Reflection (physics)
- Scattering theory


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The Discovery Stage: Ages 3-4
- "piled" and stacked shapes and clumps
- very little detail
- squishing, pinching and poking
- pounding and hitting of playdough pieces with hands and tools
The language of this play at this stage is push, poke, squish, pinch, pound, and so forth. "Watch this!"
The Shape and Form Stage: Ages 4-5
- simple, recognizable forms
- more detail such as mouth and eyes
- beginning of "rolling" coiled, snake-like forms
- begins to make balls
- rolling out and cutting out of forms from cookie cutters and "pretending"
The language of this play is the narrative of the imagination.
Schematic: Ages 6-7-years-old
- Standing forms and objects
- attention to the details
- making balls and three dimensional shapes
- designs that have patterns and repetitions
- Using basic forms to create people and things in vertical position
The language of this stage is creativity.
Inspired by the work of Elesse Brown and Stokrocki.