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Des Moines County, IowaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Des Moines County Courthouse
513 N. Main St.
PO Box 277
Burlington, Iowa 52601
1834--Des Moines County was created 1 October 1834, when Des Moines County Congress passed an act attaching the Black Hawk Purchase to the Territory of Michigan in June of 1834 prior to that it was part of Wisconsin. The following September the Legislature of Michigan divided this land purchase into two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines. The dividing boundary was a line running west from the lower end of Rock Island. At this time County courts were established with Des Moines County Court placed in the city of Burlington. Des Moines was named after the Des Moines River. County seat: Burlington
1873 -- Courthouse burned and many records were damaged.
For further information on researching in burned counties, see the following:
- Burned Counties Research in FamilySearch Wiki
- Michael John Neill, Burned Counties in Family History Circle
Historical Postoffices: Linton
- Townships and Villages:
Ghost Towns of Des Moines County
Ghost towns are settlements, towns, and villages whose thriving little communities dried up for various reasons. Some are now part of other townships, some have just faded away. Here are their names, the years they were functioning, and the Townships they were a part of.
There are many cemeteries in townships, cities, and farms located throughout Des Moines County that have been transcribed. Additional information on their locations is at Des Moines County Cemeteries Map. More information can be found on microfilm at the Family History Library based in Salt Lake City, Utah and can be requested and viewed at[:Category:Family_History_Centers|Family History Centers]] throughout the world.
Transcriptions for some of these cemeteries can be found at:
- Interment.net cemetery records.
- Iowa Gravestone Photo Project
- Saving Graves
- Tombstone Transcription Project
- Des Moines County Cemeteries
Iowa recorded not only the federal census but state census through out the years too. The state census contains very valuable genealogical information. Where the census information can be found, what years it was taken, mortality schedules, census substitutions and much more is discussed in the very informative Iowa Census article.
- Census Finder
- Census index for Des Moines County, transcribed for the years of 1836, 1836 Territorial Census, 1838, 1840, 1850, 1852, 1860.
- Church records, _PHONE_. Text in German.This church was also known as the German Methodist Church.Contains records for the churches of Flint Creek, Temmytown/Tamytown, Bluffs, Pleasant Grove, Union, Bethel, Sperry, Kline.Includes marriages; baptisms; membership lists; burials, 1856, _PHONE_; meeting minutes; finances; conference reports.
- Record book, _PHONE_ Contains baptisms, burials, marriages, membership lists, and sermons.Dr. McClintock was pastor to churches at Mt. Pleasant, _PHONE_; Burlington, _PHONE_; and Sioux City, _PHONE_.
The Des Moines Courthouse is located in the town of Burlington.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 105 bios online.
- Portrait and Biographical Album of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 519 bios online.
- Biographical Review of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- David Rumsey Map Collection is a large online collection of rare, old, antique historical atlases, globes, maps, charts plus other cartographic treasures.
- 1904 Des Moines County Iowa Atlas
- The Hawkeye
- The Mediapolis News
- NewspaperArchive.com ($) has historical newspapers online including Burlington newspapers dating back to the mid 1800's that covered local news on Des Moines County residents. This database is free at some libraries.
For more information about the history of newspapers in Des Moines County see the Burlington Library Genealogy Site.
Birth records kept by the District Court, _PHONE_; _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Some early Marriages Of Des Moines County 1837 to 1850 have been transcribed and published.
Des Moines County Marriage Records, from _PHONE_; _PHONE_ have been microfilmed and can be found at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa. Index to marriage records, _PHONE_; marriage records, _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Deaths records are held by the District Court, _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Societies and Libraries
- State Historical Society of Iowa
Address: 600 East Locust Des Moines IA 50319
- Des Moines County Genealogical Society
P.O. Box 493
Burlington, IA 52601
Internet: Des Moines County Genealogical Society
- Burlington Public Library
210 Court Street
Burlington, IA 52601-1647
Internet: Burlington Iowa Public Library Genealogy Sources
For more information about Societies in Iowa see the Iowa Societies page.
Family History Centers
- Des Moines County, Iowa Biographies Project
- Family History Library Catalog
- Genealogy Trails Genealogy Group
- Genealogy Helps at the Burlington Library
- Des Moines County, Iowa Genealogy and Family History (Linkpendium)
- Des Moines County Genealogy (Iowa Genealogy)
- ↑ The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
- ↑ St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church (Burlington, Iowa) (Main,Author), German Methodist Church (Burlington, Iowa) Church records, _PHONE_ US/CAN Film 956373
- ↑ McClintock, John C. Record book, _PHONE_. FHL US/CAN Film 956371 Item 4
- ↑ Chicago: Western Hist. Co., 1879.
- ↑ Chicago: Acme Publishing, 1888.
- ↑ Hobart Pub. Co., 1905.
- ↑ ed. by Augustine M. Antrobus. 2 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1915.
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text: With the increasing demands for radio spectrum, techniques are being explored that would allow dynamic access of spectrum bands that are underutilized. In this regard, a new paradigm called dynamic spectrum access is being investigated where wireless service providers (WSPs) would dynamically seek more spectrum from the under-utilized licensed bands when and where they need without interfering with the primary users. Currently, there is little understanding on how such a dynamic allocation will operate so as to make the system feasible under economic terms. In this paper, we consider the dynamic spectrum allocation process where multiple WSPs (bidders) compete to acquire necessary spectrum band from a common pool of spectrum. We use auction theory to analyze the allocation process when the demand from WSPs exceeds the available spectrum. We investigate various auction mechanisms under different spectrum allocation constraints to find WSPs' bidding strategies and revenue generated by spectrum owner. We show that sequential bidding of bands provides better result than the concurrent bidding when WSPs are constrained to at most single unit allocation. On the other hand, when the bidders request for multiple units, (i.e., they are S. Sengupta · M. Chatterjee (B) School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA e-mail: _EMAIL_ S. Sengupta e-mail: _EMAIL_ not restricted by allocation constraints) synchronous auction mechanism proves to be beneficial than asynchronous auctions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Are burning, grazing bad for prairie chickens in Flint Hills?
04/10/2011 12:00 AM
04/10/2011 1:04 AM
GREENWOOD COUNTY — She flew in from far out on the prairie, instinctually drawn to the low, humming calls that have floated across the spring Flint Hills for centuries.
The hen prairie chicken landed and a dozen male birds danced and pranced and called in crescendo as they vied for her attention.
Minutes later Lance McNew's gentle hands removed the female from a wire trap she had walked into.
She soon flew from sight, carrying a petite tracking collar biologists hope will help keep the iconic birds from possibly vanishing from the Flint Hills.
Prairie chickens are currently struggling. Lacking major changes, the species could vanish from the Flint Hills within 50 years at the current rate of decline, said McNew, a Kansas State University wildlife research biologist.
"In the past four years I have observed near complete reproductive failure," he said. "A prairie chicken has about a 5 percent chance of making it from being in an egg to an adult the next spring."
His research since 2006 shows too many nests and eggs are destroyed before prairie chicks hatch. The few that hatch seldom live long enough to fledge.
Many biologists think intensive burning and grazing practices used in the Flint Hills could be to blame for destroying needed spring habitat. By comparison the birds are thriving in the Smoky Hills, where burning is rare.
The bird's only salvation in the Flint Hills, some believe, is another grassland plan that uses less fire and less beef.
In a few years McNew hopes to have solid answers. Prairie chickens in the Flint Hills produce about one chick per every 10 adult females annually. That equates to an annual decline of about 30 percent in some areas.
"That's no way to sustain a population," McNew said.
Prairie icons
Prairie chickens are as identified with the Flint Hills as chin-high bluestem, vivid wildflowers and striking sunsets.
"Prairie chickens are an important part of our wildlife heritage in Kansas," said Ron Klataske, Audubon of Kansas director. "Historical records show them in the millions in places like Iowa and Illinois and they're basically gone now. "
They're important enough that wildlife officials are investing about $860,000 in the four-year study.
K-State and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism combined fund about one-fourth the total. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service pays the rest from special excise taxes on shooting and hunting equipment.
Ranchers and land managers care enough to open nearly 70,000 acres of Flint Hills land to McNew and four other researchers.
Ranchers are asked to conduct business as usual while researchers place tracking collars on 50 hen prairie chickens per year.
Half the study area gets burned every year. The other pastures are burned on average every third year.
Too much of a good thing
Burning and grazing have been part of a healthy Flint Hills for thousands of years.
Lightning strikes and native people wanting to improve grazing areas have historically burned the Flint Hills. Huge herds of buffalo once grazed the tallgrass. Ranchers and cattle have continued the practice for the past 150 years.
"If it wasn't for ranchers we wouldn't have prairie or prairie chickens," McNew said as he drove through Chase County. "They've taken care of the prairie. We wouldn't be in the middle of the world's largest contiguous tallgrass prairie if they weren't burning and grazing. It would probably all be grown up in brush or cedar trees."
But prairie chickens need cover that's about a foot or more high for successful nesting so the hens and eggs are well-hidden.
In decades past they were able to find enough cover for good nesting.
Now every blade of grass is often burned for miles. Many ranchers also heavily stock cattle in recently burned pastures so cattle can take advantage of the growing grass. McNew and other biologists think intensive burning combined with large numbers of cattle eating the grass down is the one-two punch keeping the bird population down.
Past research shows about 85 percent of the hens nest every spring and lay sizable clutches. But nests in thinner covers are easily found by predators that range from bull snakes to bobcats. Chicks that hatch have no place to hide and usually end up eaten.
Patching the problem
Some ranchers who practice patch burning think it's the way to go.
Brian Obermeyer, of the Nature Conservancy, said they have been using the patch-burning method on the 11,000-acre Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve near Strong City for several years.
They have also stocked fewer cattle on their pastures.
"We've had about a three-fold increase in the number of prairie chickens counted on the (spring breeding grounds)," Obermeyer said. "In 2008 we had somewhere in the low-30s. Last year we had 93 birds."
He said others species of ground-nesting birds and some species of butterflies have improved in numbers.
"Things respond pretty quickly when you give them the right habitat," said Obermeyer.
Flint Hills rancher Bill Browning has been patch-burning on his ranch for about five years and also reports increased numbers.
Jim Pitman, Wildlife and Parks biologist, said population surveys on nearby lands show the birds in decline.
"I don't think it's a coincidence that the increases on the preserve started the same time as the patch-burning," he said.
McNew still isn't sold.
"Those cases are circumstantial evidence," he said. "We need a study like this one to prove things one way or the other."
If the study proves the benefits of patch burning for prairie chicken reproduction he hopes more ranchers will consider that option.
But trying to contain fires is more work than setting them. Browning estimates it takes him more than 20 hours to mow firebreaks around his ranch.
McNew hopes positive findings might encourage state or federal agencies to offer financial incentives to ranchers to encourage patch burning.
Hope for the future
Wednesday morning McNew and Browning sat in a blind on the rancher's land and watched the dozen males dance until the hen walked into a wire cage.
She was quickly fitted with a transmitter that easily tucked within her feathers.
Browning released the bird and watched it sail over the prairie his family has ranched for more than 100 years.
"Thirty-five years ago when we moved into our house you could step out and hear so many prairie chickens in so many directions. They were everywhere but not nearly any more," he said. "I'd sure like to hear it like that again someday."
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The Dawson County Weed District was organized in November 1946 at the time the Nebraska Noxious Weed Law was only inforced by counties who wanted to control noxious weeds. In November 1965, the weed law, as we now know it, was voted into being by the legislature, Weed Districts were disbanded and each county was mandated to form a Weed Control Athority and inforce the Nebraska Noxious Weed Control Act.
In 1873 Nebraska designated its first noxious weed Canada Thistle today 12 weeds are designated as noxious they are: Musk Thistle, Plumeless Thistle, Canada Thistle, Leafy Spurge, Knapweed (spotted and diffuse), Purple Loosestrife, Saltcedar, Phragmites, Knotweed (Japanese and Giant) and Sericea Lespedeza


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Stories are one of the first cultural experiences of childhood. Even newborns can expect a bedtime story.
The Lexington Art League's current exhibition, Tales They Told Us, examines the scale and effect of cultural narratives and mythologies. But what about the stories kids have to tell us grown-ups? Isn't it important to hear their perspectives on the narratives playing out in their lives?
LAL outreach coordinator Mary Beth Magyar collaborated with Common Good, a faith-based nonprofit serving kids in North Lexington, to visually document the stories of nine students in kindergarten through sixth grade, many of whom are Hispanic or black immigrants.
The result is Tales We're Telling You, a companion exhibit on the second floor of the Loudoun House.
Working one on one, each child drew directly onto wood panels with pencil in a series of drawings that reflect themes of family, love, power, bullying and playtime. The drawings were carved into woodblock prints by artist Joel Feldman and then printed by Derrick Riley.
The young artists and collaborators will be signing the works during a reception this spring.
Feldman, a retired professor of printmaking, describes the project as a "true collaboration."
"I kept their characters and their details, but I really developed the image and the space around it and the whole composition so it became a formal print if you will," he says.
"This type of collaboration offers a lot of possibilities for young students because it allows them to work with a professional and to see the results and characters of their ideas really pushed and developed," Feldman says, adding that it can be a unique way to approach issues such as bullying, a subject some of the young artists address.
"Certainly you can handle it through school administration, but if the kids get to actually talk about their reaction to the situation, and then have their images shown in a public place," he says, "it can have an effect and make people think in ways that are a little different."
Feldman hopes the city or perhaps a private citizen will buy the prints and display them in a public setting such as a library, giving the profits to the children.
Candace Chaney is a Lexington-based writer.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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John Sholto Douglas Queensberry, 8th marquess of
Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, 8th marquess of, 1844–1900, British nobleman, originator of the code of rules that governs modern boxing. He served in the British army and navy and later was a member of (1872–80) the House of Lords as representative peer from Scotland. He is famous for drafting (1865), with the aid of John G. Chambers, the Queensberry rules for the sport of boxing. This code of rules, superseding the London prize-ring rules that had been introduced (1743) by Jack Broughton, contained the basic provisions that govern boxing today. The rules were gradually adopted in both Britain and the United States and by 1889 they were standardized. In 1895, objecting to the liaison between his son, Lord Alfred Douglas, and Oscar Wilde, Queensberry left an insulting letter to Wilde in a public place and was sued for libel by the writer. In this libel suit, which Wilde dropped, information was brought to light that led to the conviction of Wilde for immoral conduct.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Sports: Biographies


Differentia Javaica
I started a new project called differentia-javaica. Here is the quote from the original description:
The aim of this project is to compare two java source codes and check if they are equal. It is not a simple diff. It uses ANTLR to construct two Abstract Source Trees for java types and eventually compare these trees. As a consequence white spaces and comments will not affect comparison. Reordering of elements in source code will be treated as difference though.
This kind of comparison is especially helpful when writing unit tests for java source code generators. When we have expected source code it is possible to check if it equals to generated source code.
We are writing some Java source code generators right now at NCDC and this tools is quite helpful in unit testing. Thus we want to share it with community.
 1. Anonymous3/2/09 07:55
 What's the practical difference between this and just removing whitespaces and comments? What if one source has variable $counter (well, probably not Java-like example), and the other has all occurances of this variable changed to $NumberOfSomething - will it show the difference?
 2. "What's the practical difference between this and just removing whitespaces and comments?"
 It depends on what questions one wants to be answered:
 1. are two source codes different?
 2. how two source codes differ?
 Our case is the 2nd one. During development of source code generator we want to know which exact lines differ in relatively long generated classes.
 In Differentia Javaica's approach of using Abstract Syntax Trees or to be more specific Parse Trees (these are concrete), we have semantic representation of the whole source. Although this is not implemented yet, we can use some additional constrains in the future. For example reordering of some elements of the source code has no effect on the meaning. For instance when defining public static field in Java one can write:
 public static final String FOO = "foo";
 as well as:
 final static public String FOO = "foo";
 ,thus we can easily compare such fragments semantically. Of course we could compile sources into bytecode and then compare them via reflection, but then we probably would not have position in the source files :)
 Regarding your second question - it would be much harder although still possible. This case is much easier to handle when comparing compiled classes.


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I am a little confused by the definition of interarrival time, does it mean the time between two successfully sent packets? and by using opnet, I observed that the shorter the interarrival time is, the higher the network load, is that a correct conclusion? Thanks
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In short: yes.
Interarrival time is defined as the time between the "start" of two events. (So if you had a network capable of processing two packets at the exact same time, and two packets come in, the interarrival time between those two packets would be zero.)
It sounds like you have some sort of monitoring utility measuring interarrival time. In that case, you should consult the documentation for the tool to see exactly what their definition is and how they calculate it.
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Going beyond previous books on Marxism and education, Revolutionary Learning is a groundbreaking collection of essays exploring the Marxist and feminist theories of education and learning. Scholar-activists Sara Carpenter and Sharazad Mojab closely examine the core philosophical concepts behind Marxist analysis of learning and extend its critique with significant implications for critical education scholarship, research, and practice by drawing upon work by feminist, anti-racist, and anti-colonial scholars. They reconsider the contributions of Marx, Gramsci, and Freire to educational theory from an explicitly feminist perspective, moving Marxist analysis of education into a more complex relation to patriarchal and imperialist capitalism. Their distinctive approach focuses on the nature of schooling and educational institutions, and pushes past previous literature on Marxist-feminism. Revolutionary Learning's significance lies not only in its contribution to theory, but also in its engagement with pedagogical practice through careful attention to the daily work of educators and how this can be connected to the broader environment of public policy, civil society, and the market.


Lady Lever Art Gallery
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Lady Lever Art Gallery Building
In the Tepidarium, Lawrence Alma-Tadema (_PHONE_)
John Everett Millais, Spring (Apple Blossoms)
The Lady Lever Art Gallery is a museum founded and built by the industrialist and philanthropist William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme and opened in 1922. The museum is a significant surviving example of late Victorian and Edwardian taste. The Lady Lever Art Gallery is set in the garden village of Port Sunlight, close to Liverpool. It houses major collections of fine and decorative art that are an expression of Lord Leverhulme's personal taste and collecting interests. The collection is strongest in British 19th-century painting and sculpture, spilling over to include late 18th-century and early 20th works. There are also important collections of English furniture, Wedgewood, especially jasperware, and Chinese ceramics, and smaller groups of other types of objects, such as Ancient Greek vases and Roman sculpture. The majority of objects were part of the original donation, but the collection has continued to expand at a modest rate.
The Grade II listed gallery is now part of National Museums Liverpool.[1] In 2015 part of the museum was closed for building works, with little of the ceramics collections on display, but most of the other collections. A touring exhibition was visiting museums in Japan and elsewhere. The redeveloped areas are planned to re-open in Spring 2016.[2]
The museum displays mostly mix paintings, sculpture and furniture together, and there are five "Period Rooms" recreating typical period interiors from large houses.
Lever began collecting art in the late 19th century, largely to use in advertising for the popular Sunlight Soap brand (manufactured a few minutes walk from the gallery) that helped to create his fortune. As he grew richer his collections began to expand, his confidence grew as well and had developed a taste for collecting. He mostly collected British art, he was also fascinated by Chinese art i.e. Chinese porcelain,[3] Roman sculpture and Greek vases which he had chosen to collect to show styles that had influenced British artists in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries.
The Gallery has good representation of several trends in Victorian painting, including the Pre-Raphaelites, both during the period of the Brotherhood and in their subsequent careers. Concern with social conditions, classical revivalism and later historical painting are all represented. There are important works by Millais, Ford Madox Brown, William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Lord Leighton, and many others. The museum has what appears to be the largest display in any museum of paintings by William Etty. Earlier works include those by Turner, Constable, Gainsborough and Reynolds.
Much of the Wedgwood collection was from the collection of Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth, bought in 1905. This in turn was partly formed from the collection of Charles Darwin, Josiah Wedgwood's grandson. It is probably the best collection of jasperware in the world.[4]
The collection includes:
The Building[edit]
Commissioned in 1913 from architects William and Segar Owen, the Lady Lever Art Gallery was built in the Beaux-Arts style. [5] The building was opened in 1922 by Princess Beatrice, the youngest daughter of Queen Victoria.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ National Museums Liverpool
 2. ^ "Exciting plans for the Lady Lever Art Gallery", from National Museums Liverpool
 3. ^ "Chinese collection - online catalogue", A record of the collection formed by the 1st Viscount Leverhulme (_PHONE_)"
 4. ^ Collections, "Wedgwood",
External links[edit]


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The previous blog post focused on generalized number bases – an essential concept of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) that is often not covered well at the high school level. Another area where pre-college preparation often falls short of college ECE expectations is the relationship between frequency, period, and wavelength for electromagnetic waves. This is often covered briefly in high school physics and chemistry courses, but those courses typically use scientific notation instead of engineering units. As a result, students cannot mentally translate among engineering units of frequency, period, and wavelength at conversational speeds.
Relationship between frequency, period, and wavelength
As a reminder, this table summarizes the basic relationships between frequency, period, and wavelength of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.
Word / Abbreviation
Word / Abbreviation
Microsecond (μs or us)
Applications – RF, circuit boards, and design validation
Engineers discussing wireless signals may talk about a 2.4-GHz signal, and it is helpful to be able to think of the associated period as being a bit more than 400 picoseconds. Similarly, a 5-GHz signal has a 200-picosecond period. Given the increasing diversity of radio frequency (RF) applications, especially those associated with the growing Internet of Things (IoT), an intuitive understanding of frequencies and their various physical properties is helpful to ECE students.
This concept is also critically important in designing circuit boards and interconnects. Electromagnetic waves propagate at approximately 3×108 meters per second (the "speed of light"), so the wavelength of a 1-GHz signal in a vacuum is 30 cm (about one foot). Depending on the physical material, the propagation speed of a signal in a circuit board or cable may be significantly slower, so seemingly minor changes in circuit layouts can cause significant propagation delays and timing challenges in high-frequency circuits.
Furthermore, understanding this concept is helpful in design validation. For example, suppose you need to measure a signal's edge with a rise time of 15 nanoseconds. How fast must you sample that waveform to accurately catch that edge, including overshoot and any ringing that may occur? Facility with mental math will help you make correct test choices quickly.
The fundamental arithmetic of electromagnetic waves occurs with great frequency in ECE coursework and in professional practice after college. The high school student who becomes adept with the various relationships in engineering units will start ECE studies with a significant advantage.


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Background: Migraine mechanisms are *These authors contributed equally to this work. only partly known. Some studies have previously described genes differentially expressed between blood from migraineurs and controls. The objective of this study was to describe gene expression in subtypes of migraine outside of attack and in healthy controls.
Methods: We extensively phenotyped 17 migraine without aura and nine migraine with aura female patients, and 20 age-matched female controls. Cubital venous blood was RNA sequenced. Genes differentially expressed between migraineurs (migraine without aura and migraine with aura) and controls, and between migraine without aura and migraine with aura were identified using a case-control design. A co-expression network was constructed to investigate the difference between migraineurs and healthy controls at the network level.
Results: We found two differentially expressed genes: NMNAT2 and RETN. Both were differentially expressed between migraine with aura and controls, but they could not be replicated in an independent cohort. Co-expression network analysis resulted in one cluster of highly interconnected genes that was nominally significantly associated with migraine; however, no pathways or gene ontology terms were detected.
Conclusions: We showed no clear distinct difference in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood of migraineurs and controls and were not able to replicate findings from previous studies. A larger sample size may be needed to detect minor differences.
Keywords: Migraine; aura; co-expression network; gene expression; whole blood.


Cuban Marine Parks during Pandemic
Imagine yourself staring out across an endless expanse of saltwater flats, mangroves, and pristine beaches seeing hundreds of tarpon rolling with no care in the world. Imagine yourself thirty meters below the surface swimming along a pristine and colorful reef full of groupers, sharks and innumerable wild creatures. This is Cuba, in all it's untarnished majesty.
During 2020, Cuba has become wilder, more pristine, and increasingly biodiverse. It has remained an initiative of Blue Sanctuary to continue to carry out research, patrolling and enforcement efforts in the marine parks during this lockdown period against all odds. Even though resources and personnel were limited, we never stopped! We made sure that the flora and fauna within these parks were able to grow, reproduce and thrive.
From March to the end of November 2020, in Jardines de la Reina, there have been two skiffs patrolling for 12 hours per day across the entire marine park. Along with these patrolling teams, a crew of scientists and researchers on the Oceans for Youth vessel, led by Fabian Pina Amargós, continue to improve our understanding of the populations and ecosystem dynamics that make this place so special. In addition, there has been another team in the Canarreos archipelago comprising Isla de Juventud, Cayo Largo, and Zapata; patrolling 60 hours per week across the destinations while continuing their research. On the north coast, the Cayo Romano marine park has been aggressively patrolled day in and day out to ensure that there is no illegal fishing, netting, or disturbances by foreign vessels. Scientists, researchers, and guides have utilized this time to further their understanding of the marine resources on which they so intrinsically rely. Without any pressure on fish populations, allowing for easy capture rates, researchers were able to gather over 900 unique DNA samples and input over 300 tags in various fish species to assist in monitoring the population movement among the archipelagos. This period of research will be integral for years to come in sustainable management efforts as well as policy making decisions throughout Cuba.
The graph above displays the growing trend of fish tagging efforts in the Cuban marine parks to better understand fish population and migration dynamics.
Because of these endeavors, the research teams have monitored massive spawning aggregations and an incredible abundance of fish species swimming calmly about their natural life patterns. The high numbers of fish logged in population surveys, from small lorito snappers, to goliath groupers, and tarpon; have signaled that these ecosystems are fully functioning in a harmonious state from top to bottom. The research and humanitarian efforts within the marine parks are the conduit to which humankind is able to experience the bounty of Cuba in its natural state coupled with the positive effects of marine conservation. Where else in the world can you jump thirty tarpon in a day? Where else can you dive amongst fifty carribean reef and silky sharks? Where else does the sheer act of participation in nature have positive results on the health of the ecosystem? These are the Blue Sanctuaries of Cuba.
Finally, even though 2020 was a historic hurricane year, our marine parks and infrastructure were completely unaffected. A couple of small storms grazed the island, but the natural coastal barriers kept harm at bay. With sound and innovative management of both flora and fauna since the early 90s, Blue Sanctuary is now excited to be welcoming a new era of enhanced progress and sustainability in Cuba. We feel incredibly lucky to be winding this year down with great news that the conservation mission that we have set out to pursue has been successful in even the most difficult of times. Our crews, guides, and scientists are healthy and eager to welcome you back to Cuba when the time comes. Until then, stay safe and happy.


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Crafts, Games, and Activities
1. Discovering Biblical Meaning in Liturgical Verses – 13 pages of verses and scriptural references
during the services of Nativity
2. Examining the Nativity of the Theotokos – through hymnography and iconography and Scripture.
3. Holy Women of the Bible – read about them and create a team game to identify them by their
4. The Theotokos in Scripture & Hymnography – an activity to examine and understand the Old Testament references to the Theotokos in our services.
1. The Hub has a collection of crafts from camp.
2. Good instructions on planning, a list of related books and publications, and instructions on making glass and/or laminated icons.
3. Celebrate the Feast Days (PDF) – Patterns for stand-up centerpieces for each feast.
The Hub has a collection of fun games for groups. Some don't have a Christian theme, but could be adapted if you wanted to relate it to a particular lesson.


The Mission of the UK HealthCare is: "To help people of the Commonwealth and beyond gain and retain good health through creative leadership and quality initiatives in patient care, education, and research." The UKHC Dietetics Internship follows that mission with its emphasis on quality in patient care, continued education, and emphasis on using research to determine evidence based practice for patient care.
Internship goals
 1. Prepare dietetic practitioners to successfully write the registration examination to become a Registered Dietitian.
 2. Offer a variety of learning experiences to prepare competent entry-level practitioners with an emphasis in clinical nutrition, who meet performance standards in areas of clinical nutrition, management and community nutrition.
 3. Maintain a quality internship program through staff and scheduled review, evaluation and revision of the program using staff, intern (past and present) and employer recommendations.
 4. Offer interns opportunities for involvement in the continued education and professional development.
Measurable outcomes
Each of the above goals is continually assessed, and the outcomes are measured to determine if the internship is meeting its goals. The measurable outcomes for the above goals include:
 1. Overall pass rate of the graduating interns, retention rates of the interns that begin the program, and whether the interns from this internship exceed national average test scores.
 2. Evaluations received from the interns must be greater than 80 percent positive in any given rotation or experience, interns must receive a "meets competency consistently" following their final rotations and a "meets entry level" evaluation prior to completing staff relief rotation.
 3. To verify entry-level competency, employers should rate the newly graduated interns with a "satisfactory as entry level." To verify competency, preceptors continually are evaluated on a routine basis, and their evaluations from the interns cannot contain more than one negative evaluation.
 4. Interns are required to attend local and state professional meetings including the yearly Kentucky Dietetic Association meeting.
Page last updated: 4/6/2015 3:07:24 PM


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Gladstone Primary Academy
Our Learning and Teaching Policy is based on the idea that you have to be challenged to learn something new. This is represented as a learning line.
The learning line represents learning in a continuous way, making it clear that learning is an ongoing process. We have magnified a part of that process in order to have a clear, shared understanding of how we learn. The statements above the line model what pupils can do along their learning journey and the sections below explain what the teacher's role could be whilst supporting pupils to learn.
Each classroom has a learning line display that is interactive. Pupils use this regularly to show their understanding of the learning process and can discuss this with adults and their peers. Pupils also have an understanding of strategies that can be used to support learning and can apply these during the 'dip' of the learning line. They recognise that in order to learn, you often make mistakes and therefore develop your skills accordingly.
The learning line is supported by 'certainties' that are part of every classroom and lesson.


verb blan·dish \ˈblan-dish\
Definition of blandish
 1. transitive verb
 2. : to coax with flattery : cajole
 3. intransitive verb
 4. : to act or speak in a flattering or coaxing manner
blandish was our Word of the Day on 07/19/2014. Hear the podcast!
Examples of blandish in a sentence
 1. blandished her into doing their work for them by complimenting her shamelessly
Did You Know?
The word blandish has been a part of the English language since at least the 14th century with virtually no change in its meaning. It ultimately derives from blandus, a Latin word meaning "mild" or "flattering." One of the earliest known uses of blandish can be found in the sacred writings of Richard Rolle de Hampole, an English hermit and mystic, who cautioned against "the dragon that blandishes with the head and smites with the tail." Although blandish might not exactly be suggestive of dullness, it was the "mild" sense of blandus that gave us our adjective bland, which has a lesser-known sense meaning "smooth and soothing in manner or quality."
Origin and Etymology of blandish
Middle English, from Anglo-French blandiss-, stem of blandir, from Latin blandiri, from blandus mild, flattering
First Known Use: 14th century
Synonym Discussion of blandish
cajole, coax, soft-soap, blandish, wheedle mean to influence or persuade by pleasing words or actions. cajole suggests the deliberate use of flattery to persuade in the face of reluctance or reasonable objections. cajoled him into cheating on the final exam coax implies gentle and persistent words or actions employed to produce a desired effect. coaxed the cat out of the tree soft-soap refers to using smooth and somewhat insincere talk usually for personal gain. politicians soft-soaping eligible voters blandish implies a more open desire to win a person over by effusive praise and affectionate actions. legislators blandished with promises of support wheedle suggests more strongly than cajole the use of seductive appeal or artful words in persuading. hucksters wheedling her life's savings out of her
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up blandish? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
to cast off or become cast off
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Take a 3-minute break and test your skills!
Name That Thing
Test your visual vocabulary with our 10-question challenge!


Copy' the desired section of the code from the 'invented' file using f1 to mark the top of the range, f2 to mark the line after the end of the range, f3 to copy this range into the paste buffer. (transfer smaller blocks if the whole block is too large for the paste buffer - shift f9 clears the paste buffer) 5) ctrl-f1 to switch back to window#1 where the original source code is. 6) Cursor to the line that the range is to be inserted before and press f7. 7) Make what ever other changes are necessary and 8) ctrl-z to save!


Importing an image into SwiftUI using UIImagePickerController
Paul Hudson _USER_
In order to bring this project to life, we need to let the user select a photo from their library, then display it in ContentView. I've already shown you how this all works, so now it's just a matter of putting it into our app – hopefully it will make a little more sense this time!
Start by making a new Swift file called ImagePicker.swift, replace its "Foundation" import with "SwiftUI", then give it this basic struct:
struct ImagePicker: UIViewControllerRepresentable {
 _USER_(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode
 _USER_ var image: UIImage?
 func makeUIViewController(context: UIViewControllerRepresentableContext) -> UIImagePickerController {
 let picker = UIImagePickerController()
 return picker
 func updateUIViewController(_ uiViewController: UIImagePickerController, context: UIViewControllerRepresentableContext) {
If you recall, using UIViewControllerRepresentable means that ImagePicker is already a SwiftUI view that we can place inside our view hierarchy. In this instance we're wrapping UIKit's UIImagePickerController, which lets the user select something from their photo library.
When that ImagePicker struct is created, SwiftUI will automatically call its makeUIViewController() method, which is what goes on to create and send back a UIImagePickerController. However, our code doesn't actually respond to any events inside the image picker – the user can search for an image and select it to dismiss the view, but we don't then do anything with it.
Rather than making us create a subclass of UIImagePickerController, UIKit instead uses a system of delegation: we create a custom class that will be told when something interesting happened. Each delegate class will usually need to conform to one or more protocols, and in our case that means UINavigationControllerDelegate and UIImagePickerControllerDelegate. The delegates work much like real-life delegates – if you delegate work to someone else, it means you're giving it to them to complete.
SwiftUI handles these delegate classes by letting us define a coordinator that belongs to the struct. This class can do anything we need, including acting as the delegate for UIKit components, and we can then pass any relevant information back up to the ImagePicker that owns it.
Start by adding this as a nested class inside ImagePicker:
class Coordinator: NSObject, UINavigationControllerDelegate, UIImagePickerControllerDelegate {
 let parent: ImagePicker
 init(_ parent: ImagePicker) {
 self.parent = parent
You can see that conforms to the two protocols we need to use for working with UIKit's image picker, and also inherits from NSObject which is the base class for most types that come from UIKit.
Because our coordinator class conforms to the UIImagePickerControllerDelegate protocol, we can make it the delegate of the UIKit image picker by modifying makeUIViewController() to this:
 let picker = UIImagePickerController()
 picker.delegate = context.coordinator
 return picker
We need to make two more changes to ImagePicker to make it useful. The first is to add a makeCoordinator() method that tells SwiftUI to use the Coordinator class for the ImagePicker coordinator. From our perspective this is obvious, because we created a class called Coordinator that was inside the ImagePicker struct, but this makeCoordinator() method lets us control how the coordinator is made.
If you recall, we gave the Coordinator class a single property: let parent: ImagePicker. This means we need to create it with a reference to the image picker that owns it, so the coordinator can forward on interesting events. So, inside our makeCoordinator() method we'll create a Coordinator object and pass in self.
Add this method to the ImagePicker struct now:
func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator {
The final step for ImagePicker is to give the coordinator some sort of functionality. The UIImagePickerController class looks for two methods, but here we're only going to use one: didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo. This will be called when the user has selected an image, and will be given a dictionary of information about the selected image.
To make ImagePicker useful we need to implement that method inside Coordinator, make it set the image property of its parent ImagePicker, then dismiss the view.
UIKit's method name is long and complex, so it's best written using code completion. Make some space inside the Coordinator class and type "didFinishPicking", then press return to have Xcode fill in the whole method for you. Now modify it to have this code:
func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [UIImagePickerController.InfoKey: Any]) {
 if let uiImage = info[.originalImage] as? UIImage {
 parent.image = uiImage
That completes ImagePicker.swift, so please head back to ContentView.swift so we can make use of it.
First we need an _USER_ Boolean to track whether our image picker is being shown or not, so start by adding this to ContentView:
_USER_ private var showingImagePicker = false
Second, we need to set that Boolean to true when the big gray rectangle is tapped, so replace the // select an image comment with this:
self.showingImagePicker = true
Third, we need a property that will store the image the user selected. We gave the ImagePicker struct an _USER_ property attached to a UIImage, which means when we create the image picker we need to pass in a UIImage for it to link to. When the _USER_ property changes, the external value changes as well, which lets us read the value.
So, add this property to ContentView:
_USER_ private var inputImage: UIImage?
Fourth, we need a method that will be called when the ImagePicker view has been dismissed. For now this will just place the selected image directly into the UI, so please add this method to ContentView now:
func loadImage() {
 guard let inputImage = inputImage else { return }
 image = Image(uiImage: inputImage)
And finally, we need to add a sheet() modifier somewhere in ContentView. This will use showingImagePicker as its condition, will reference loadImage as its onDismiss parameter, and present an ImagePicker bound to inputImage as its contents.
So, add this directly below the existing navigationBarTitle() modifier:
.sheet(isPresented: $showingImagePicker, onDismiss: loadImage) {
 ImagePicker(image: self.$inputImage)
That completes all the steps required to wrap a UIKit view controller for use inside SwiftUI. We went over it a little faster this time but hopefully it still all made sense!
Go ahead and run the app again, and you should be able to tap the gray rectangle to import a picture, and when you've found one it will appear inside our UI.
Tip: The ImagePicker view we just made is completely reusable – you can put that Swift file to one side and use it on other projects easily. If you think about it, all the complexity of wrapping the view is contained inside ImagePicker.swift, which means if you do choose to use it elsewhere it's just a matter of showing a sheet and binding an image.
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text:
A power user is a user of a personal computer who has the ability to use advanced features of programs which are beyond the abilities of "normal" users, but is not necessarily capable of computer programming and system administration. In enterprise software systems, this title may go to an individual who is not a programmer, but who is a specialist in a transaction or a business process.
Power User can also be described as a term for a leader (non-programmer) in enterprise software. Often these are people who retain their normal user job role, but also function in testing, training, and first-tier support of the enterprise software.
Self-identified power users may sometimes label themselves as power users if asked, even when they are less than fully competent. In one 1997 study involving design testing of a web application, self-identified power users refused to read any instructions, made wrong guesses, and repeatedly became so lost they could not complete the test.
Other uses
Power user can also be a marketing term referring to a computer user who seeks and uses products having the most features and the fastest performance.
Officialized roles
In some computing environments a more formal role is assigned to power users.
SAP & Oracle
SAP and Oracle are well known enterprise systems which often require a complex set of training in order to learn. Because of this, and also to encourage engagement with the systems, many companies have created a "Super User Model" (also called Power User, Champion) in order to take regular users and raise them to a level of leadership within the system. Doing this accomplishes three objectives:
1. More engaged use of the system as there is a personal face assigned to champion the system and make acceptance of the technology less challenging.
2. A significant time and cost reduction as companies are not seeking or hiring new or temporary resources for the purposes of developing and/or delivering documentation, training, and support.
3. ROI[disambiguation needed] or proof of concept of the SAP investment should be more easily achieved as users are directly involved, thereby using the system invested in, which benefits the company overall.
Extensive research has been done there was specifically with the Super User Model in SAP, specifically in regard to the role they take in training and supporting end users. Currently, more than 70% of SAP companies utilize a form of the Super User Model.
Windows administration
In Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003, there is a "Power Users" group on the system that gives more permissions than a normal restricted user, but stops short of Administrator permissions. If a user is a member of the Power Users group, he or she has greater chance of exposing the system to malware over a normal user and can promote their account to an Administrator by purposely installing malware. Thus, the Power Users group should be used with trustworthy and knowledgeable users only; it is not suitable to contain untrustworthy users. The Power Users group has been removed in Windows Vista as part of the consolidation of privilege elevation features in the introduction of User Account Control.
See also
- User.pdf Super User Whitepaper, The Super User Model in SAP
- The SAP Super User - Video Summary, The Super User Model in SAP - Video by Insite Objects
- Bruce Tognazzini. "Maximizing Windows". - 1997 date taken from the fact that the study and design (in the link) were all completed three days before the release of Netscape 4.0, an event which occurred in June of 1997.
- A member of the Power Users group may be able to gain administrator rights and permissions in Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, or Windows XP, Microsoft Knowledgebase
- What happened to the Power Users group?, Microsoft Windows Vista Help
|Look up power user in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|


text:
Republic of Texas charters Independence Academy
On this day in 1837, the Congress of the Republic of Texas granted a charter to the citizens of Independence, Washington County, for the establishment of a nonsectarian, nonpolitical "seminary." The charter was a response to a petition presented a month before by John P. Coles, a large landowner and Old Three Hundred settler who had founded Coles' Settlement, later Independence. In order to carry out the charter, the young Henry F. Gillette bought an existing girls' school from Frances Thompson. Hugh Wilson, a Presbyterian minister, taught at the new academy. In 1839 the institution, known as Independence Female Academy, enrolled more than fifty students taught by a Miss McGuffin. In 1841 Edward Fontaine, a Methodist minister who later became an Episcopalian minister of considerable importance in Austin, taught at the school. Independence Academy closed in 1845. Its property was purchased and donated to the newly chartered Baylor University. Not until the Constitution of 1845 were the requirements for a system of public education legally and thoroughly specified.


text: Question: Someone told me that a way to check to see if a surface was getting too hot was to take the ambient temperature plus a certain number of degrees. Does anyone know the number of degrees for this equation? Answer: Gasman gave the numbers in one of our earlier QA. You can use one of those new fancy and inexpensive infrared thermometers to get an idea of the temperature. Some things to keep in mind.... If it gets anywhere near those termperatures, it should be protected. It is unlikely that any of your normal "testing" fires bring the surface up to it's highest possible temperature...in other words, it is likely to get a LOT hotter at some point then the temp you see. Darl materials soak up radiant heat much faster. In the spirit of keeping a great margin of error, many people use the "rule of thumb" which states that you should be able to put your hand on a combustible surface for a couple of seconds without being burnt. Since 120 degrees is abou the maximum comfortable temperature for your skin to touch something, this give a decent margin of safety. Some other comparables: Water at 130 degrees will burn you. The temperature of radiators and hot water heating pipes are normally a maximum of about 180 dregrees. Although wood ignites at temperatures of over 500 degrees, prolonged exposure to temperatures as low as 250 degrees causes charring of the woods and lowers the ignition temperature. My figures may not be exact, but they are close. The rule of ambient plus 117 would normally equal about 190 degrees. Again, keep in mind a good margin. Even much lower temps can affect paint and finishes. If it were my house, I'd try to keep things below 130.


text:
Wed February 6, 2013
Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought
Originally published on Mon February 11, 2013 2:36 pm
Soup comes in many variations — chicken noodle, creamy tomato, potato and leek, to name a few. But through much of human history, soup was much simpler, requiring nothing more than boiling a haunch of meat or other chunk of food in water to create a warm, nourishing broth.
So who concocted that first bowl of soup?
Most sources state that soup making did not become commonplace until somewhere between 5,000 and 9,000 years ago. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America says, for example, "boiling was not a commonly used cooking technique until the invention of waterproof and heatproof containers about five thousand years ago."
That's probably wrong — by at least 15,000 years.
It now looks like waterproof and heatproof containers were invented much earlier than previously thought. Harvard University archaeologist Ofer Bar-Yosef and colleagues reported last year in Science on their finding of 20,000-year-old pottery from a cave in China. "When you look at the pots, you can see that they were in a fire," Bar-Yosef says.
Their discovery is possibly the world's oldest-known cookware, but exactly what its users were brewing up isn't certain. Perhaps it was alcohol, or maybe it was soup. Whatever it was, the discovery shows that waterproof, heatproof containers are far older than a mere 5,000 years.
That kind of container, though, isn't even necessary for boiling. An ancient soup maker could have simply dug a pit, lined it with animal skin or gut, filled his "pot" with water and dropped in some hot rocks.
The power of the expanding steam cracks the rocks, a distinct characteristic that first shows up in the archaeological record around 25,000 years ago in Western Europe, says archaeologist John Speth, an emeritus professor of anthropology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
But Speth says boiling, and soup, could be even older.
He started thinking about ancient boiling after watching an episode of the television show "Survivorman," in which host Les Stroud boils water in a plastic container. "You can boil without using heated stones," Speth realized. All you need is a waterproof container suspended over a fire — the water inside keeps the material from burning.
Long-ago cooks could have fashioned such a container from tree bark or the hide of an animal, Speth says. Finding evidence of such boiling, though, would be incredibly difficult because those types of materials usually don't get preserved in the archaeological record.
Speth has argued that Neanderthals, ancient human relatives that lived from around 200,000 to 28,000 years ago, would have needed boiling technology to render fat from animal bones to supplement their diet of lean meat, so that they could have avoided death by protein poisoning.
The kidneys and liver are limited in how much protein they can process in a day — when more than that amount is consumed, ammonia or urea levels in the blood can increase, leading to headaches, fatigue and even death. So humans must get more than half their calories from fat and carbohydrates.
If Neanderthals were boiling bones to obtain the fat, they could have drunk the resulting broth, Speth says.
Neanderthals were probably cooking in some way, scientists have concluded. A 2011 study from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found evidence of cooked starch grains embedded in 46,000-year-old fossil Neanderthal teeth from Iraq.
"This doesn't prove that they were making soups or stews," Speth says — some have suggested the meal would have resembled oatmeal — "but I would say it's quite likely."
Putting a date on the world's first bowl of soup is probably impossible. Anthropologists haven't been able to determine for certain when man was first able to control fire, or when cooking itself was invented (though it was likely more than 300,000 years ago, before Homo sapiens first emerged, Harvard primatologist Richard Wrangham says in his book Catching Fire).
And the story is probably different for people in different parts of the world. It appears that pottery was invented in eastern Asia thousands of years before it emerged in western Asia, Bar-Yosef notes. "Maybe boiling wasn't so important because you had bread" in the West to balance out all that protein, he says.
Other parts of the world never had any tradition of boiling food. "A lot of hunter-gatherers didn't use containers at all," Speth says. In places like Tanzania and the Kalahari, there are tribes that didn't boil water until after Europeans arrived.
Speth says, though, it's very likely that humans were concocting soup at least 25,000 years ago in some places. Whether our ancestors were boiling up broth before that — well, we'll just have to wait and see what the archaeologists dig up.


text:
The Division focuses on preventive measures for curbing child labour, and trafficking as well as facilitate different rescue operations. The Division is also responsible for tracking of rescued children, their compensation, and the rehabilitative mechanisms. To read the complete mandate of the Division, kindly click here.
Projects and Initiatives
Some of the most prominent projects/initiatives undertaken during Financial Year 2020-21 are mentioned:
1. Rescue of children from Child Labour
The non-wavering commitment of the Commission to eliminate child labour resulted in rescue of 331 children in the year 2020-21 in comparison to a total of 202 children being rescued in the preceding 3 years. Belonging to different age groups, the youngest of the rescued children was 10 years old and were rescued with the help of Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM), Delhi Police, Labour Department, ChildLine and Child Welfare Committee (CWC) from different places such as factories, bakery units, kharat machine units and auto center units, as well as residential colonies where the children were working as domestic servants.
2. Rehabilitation of the rescued child labourers
Rescuing children from hazardous employment situations acts as an immediate relief for them but does not guarantee their long-term safety and the chances of them falling back into the clutches of labour remains. Therefore, the Commission ensures end-to-end rehabilitation of the rescued children in the following manner:
- a. Restoration: restoring a child with their parents and family is a critical first step as it gives the child an environment of care and love. The Commission has ensured the restoration of 90% of the rescued children, and is in the process of restoring everyone at the earliest.
- b. Backwages: Compensation for the rescued children under the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 and Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 has been a consistent challenge, with only 50% of the rescued children having received their back wages.. While CWCs have been doing their job in ensuring that the backwages are retrieved and deposited in the child's account, the interdepartmental coordination has led to consistent bottlenecks. The Commission is apprised of such cases and the concerned officers from the Revenue and Labour department are taken in loop to speed up the process of retrieval.
- c. Enrolment in Schools: By enquiring about the rescued children's enrolment in schools and their families' involvement in different government schemes that might help them with some income, food and other basic necessities ensure that the families children are not pushed into labour. DCPCR has put in efforts to identify the possibility of linking such families to relevant social schemes. 30% of the children rescued from Delhi are not yet enrolled in any education institution, thus the process to counsel them and get them enrolled in the vocational course has been initiated.
3. Stakeholder Investment
The challenge of child labour can only be tackled if there is investment within the system (like Labour department, Revenue department etc) along with the citizens, both adults and children. To sensitize children from the privileged backgrounds about the hardships faced by children who are forced into labour and to encourage them to have conversations about the same within their families, a painting competition was organized with the Private School Association for the same which had some amazing paintings depicting deep insights from the children regarding the cause. The best works were also awarded.
Multiple NGOs were also encouraged to sign a pledge to report any instance of child labour that would come to their notice and also committing that no member in the organization would engage in it at individual level. Similarly, the Chairpersons of the Mandi Associations across Delhi also pledged the same and made visits to ensure that their mandis were child labour free.
4. Intervention to prepare an SoP for child labour rescue operations and common performa for inter-departmental co-ordination
The process of planning and executing rescue operations needs coordination and liaisoning between various departments and stakeholders. Without comprehensive SoP that defines the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder, there can be breakdowns in the process. The Commission is in the process of preparing a standard operating procedure including a standard format /performa to gather information of the reduced child and offending employers that will better enable inter-departmental coordination and tracking of children till they are rehabilitated.
5. Tracking District Task Force Meeting:
The Commission, in its efforts to plan for preventive strategies for child labour, identified District Task Force meetings as one of the leverages. Being mandated to be held monthly under the CLPRA Amendment Rules, 2017, the Commission started to monitor these meetings and advised the DMs to use these meetings to discuss and plan preventive and proactive interventions along with planning of rescue operations. 12 meetings across 5 districts in the last 6 months have already been conducted despite the challenges of the pandemic.
The Commission is also working with Revenue department to ensure that these meetings include identification of the vulnerable areas, act on pending information of trafficking/child labour, examine the rehabilitation efforts, review processes, and plan forward. The Revenue department and the Labour department are also made aware of Rule 2(b)(2) of the CLPRA Amendment Rules, 2017 which says that information of children who were absent in schools for consecutively 30 days is shared with the nodal officer and efforts be made to track those children.


text:
Please keep in mind that this is a research project, and there may
sometimes be glitches with the interactive software. Please
let us know of any
problems you encounter, and include the computer operating system,
the browser and version you're using, and what kind of connection
you have (dial-up modem, T1, cable).
When you listen to or play music, or better yet, dance to it, you are
very aware of the rhythm. You might notice that every 3rd or 4th beat
is played a little louder than the others, or that it is accented
somehow. In some types of music, several different rhythms are
performed at the same time. When that happens, it is called a
polyrhythm. Polyrhythms are a very important feature of African
In this problem you will be investigating polyrhythms, and then have
a chance to build your own so you can investigate the mathematics.
Play with the applet using the various rhythms. Experiment to find
out what it means to play a 1:2 or a 1:3 rhythm. See how the
different rhythms interact when you play them together. When a 1:2
and a 1:3 rhythm are played together, the polyrhythm is called a
2:3. The number of beats it takes a pattern to repeat itself is
the phrase length. Explore how long it takes different patterns to
- What is the ratio of the mystery polyrhythm? Explain how you know.
- Create a polyrythm of your own using two of the rhythms in the
applet. What is the ratio of
the polyrhythm and its phrase length? Explain how you know.
- A complicated polyrhythm has the ratio 2:3:4:5:6:7. What is its
phrase length? How do you know?
Teacher Support Page


text:
To this point, we have only subdivided each beat in two or four equal parts. However, it is also possible to divide a beat in three equal parts, with the use of triplets. Triplets are notated by writing the number 3 above the group of notes that will form the triplet. Note how, as in the second example, we can join two of the eighth notes that are part of the triplet, forming a quarter note inside the triplet:
Translated by Dan Román, revised by Sue Talley.


text:
Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)?
RSI is a regional snowfall impact scale that uses the area of snowfall, the amount of snowfall, and the number of people living within a snowstorm. Since the index uses population information, it attempts to quantify the societal impacts of a snowstorm. RSI has been calculated for large snowstorms back to 1900 and therefore the index puts a particular event into a century scale historical perspective.
What do the ReSIS values mean?
RSI is reported as both a raw index value and a categorical value from 0 through 5. The raw index value can range from 0.01 to 35.0. These values are converted to categories in the following manner:
RSI Category Definitions Category RSI Raw Score Approximate Percent of Storms 5 >18 1% 4 10-18 2% 3 6-10 5% 2 3-6 13% 1 1-3 25% 0 0-1 54%
So a Category 5 snowstorm is a very rare event while Category 0 and 1 snowstorms are quite typical.
Who uses ReSIS?
RSI is currently a new product produced by the National Centers for Environmental Information. It is envisioned that RSI will be used to help place snowstorms into a century-scale historical index. Some examples of potential include federal and state emergency managers, government and private sector financial agencies, insurance companies, and the transportation industry.
How is RSI different from the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS)?
RSI is calculated for specific regions (Northeast, Southeast, …). Only the snowfall within a particular region is used to calculate the index for that region. NESIS on the other hand uses snowfall and population information from the eastern two-thirds of the U.S. in its calculation. Therefore NESIS is a quasi-national index. The "Northeast" designation is due to the fact that the algorithm used to calculate NESIS has two constants specifying the average area and population affected by 10" or more snowfall. So NESIS can be considered a quasi-national index that is calibrated to the Northeast.


So, here is my problem: I am working on a top down 2d shooter in Java and have a character, which can move and rotate/fire to the mouse direction. Shooting guns etc. works fine but now i am trying to implement a shell ejection system, which "ejects" the shells next to the player. The problem is, that i can't just draw the shells next to the player since the player has an x and y position which are rotating. I want the shells to have a random radius in which they will be ejected. But i don't know how to implement something like this. Any suggestions?
EDIT: That's my shell-ejection method, which doesn't work(the angle represents the player angle):
 public void shellEjection(){
 x=(float) x*((float) (Math.cos(angle)));
 y=(float) y*((float) (Math.sin(angle)));
 double length = Math.sqrt((mouseX - x)*(mouseX - x) + (mouseY - y)*(mouseY - y));
 double xVel = (5 - x) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 double yVel = (5 - y) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ To which class is this method attached? How is it called? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 18:56
 - \$\begingroup\$ it's attached to the bullet class. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 18:59
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ What does the code which calls this method look like? How is it used? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:01
 - \$\begingroup\$ edited my code. Hope it's more clear now. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 19:16
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Who calls that code? :P \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:17
To give you a pseudo code solution:
 1. Get X and Y from the gun (gun position).
 2. Work out the relative rotation of the gun from the player (purple arrow), so that you can easily offset the shell fall direction later.
 3. Work out the direction and distance that the shell should fly, you will probably want a general direction that the shell will fall in since shells in real life don't tend to fall into exactly the same location.
 4. spawn the shell and start moving it in the direction that you determined in the last step.
 5. stop moving (and manipulating) the shell once it reaches the point you want it to land at.
enter image description here
I made a quick image of what I mean to better illustrate these steps above. That should be the rough steps of what you need to do. Keep in mind that you will want to use an object pool to stop yourself wasting resources and if it's available to you stop updating the shell object once it reaches it's final point so that you only render it (not wasting precious CPU cycles).
Hope this helped :)
From what I understand the problem that you have is that you don't know how to find the XY position of the gun since the gun is at an offset from the middle of the character. I'm guessing that the gun is always in the same position when being fired relative to the center XY (or at least you know about every position or can figure that out another way).
What you can try doing is figuring out what the distance is from the center to the gun, then use Sin and Cos (yay maths) to figure out where the gun is in space based on the rotation. There is a great site that visualises the relationship between sin and cos here.
So to give an example:
enter image description here
Use pythagoras theorem to work out the distance, again check that website i mentioned above to get a better writeup.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes, i had the same kind of idea in mind. The angle for the falling shell direction itself is not a problem since it's dependent on the shot-angle. The main problem i have, is the "ejection"-movement/direction itself. The ejection direction is dependent on the rotation which is updating the whole time and that's what i don't really understand how to achieve. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 21:03
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and no, the ejection direction is dependent on the shooting angle only when the player shoots and a shell needs to be ejected. After that the shell only needs to follow its direction while the gun can move anywhere at any angle, after they spawn you should think of them as unrelated objects in your game that you need to move. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 7 '16 at 21:52
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and that's the problem. I don't know how to couple the rotation with the movement(the update of the x and y position to eject the bullet next to the playeror the weapon in this case). \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 22:20
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok i tried working with shapes now. I aligned a line to the player center and it rotates just like i want it to. I thought about maybe letting the bullets fly in the vector of a the bullets length but when i rotate the shape, the x and y positions of the line don't change. I am not that good with trigonometry, so a little help here would be much appreciated :( Maybe a code formula or something? \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 8 '16 at 15:54
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok, no problem the edit should have you covered. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 9 '16 at 16:27
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"Changing the English language one word at a time."
Definition of cranial flatulation :.
(krā'nē-əl flăch'yə'lā'shən)
 1. 1. (n.) Condition of the brain to cease functioning mid-sentence, frequently occurring during important meetings where one must impress others, leaving the user of said brain with a blank stare.
 Notes: Also: brain fart, brain cloud, brain cramp
 Submitted by: Anonymous, Topics: Behavior & Lifestyle, Health & Medicine


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I have read here, that $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ must not be applied on a photon ever.
If i want to calculate escape velocity $v_e$ i need to use $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ because we say that kinetic energy (positive) must be same or larger than gravitational potential (which is negative) in order for an object to escape. It is done like this:
$$ \begin{split} W_k + W_p &= 0\\ \frac{1}{2}mv_e^2 + \left(-\frac{GMm}{r}\right) &= 0\\ v_e &= \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}} \end{split} $$
Than we say if there is a black hole inside certain radius we call Schwarzschield radius $r=R_{sch}$ not even light can escape because its escape velocity is smaller than needed to escape. At the border of the sphere with $R_{sch}$ light can barely escape, so it must hold that $c$ equals escape velocity $v_e$. So we write down the equation below and derive $R_{sch}$.
$$ \begin{split} c &= \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R_{sch}}}\\ R_{sch} &= \frac{2GM}{c^2} \end{split} $$
This is a well known equation, but it is derived allso using $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ for light (photons). This is in contradiction with 1st statement in this post. So is the last equation even valid???
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$\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = \frac{p^2}{2m}$ isn't even generally correct for massive particles: in only applies where $v \ll c$. For high velocities it is mandatory to use the correct relativistic expression $\sqrt{m^2c^4 + p^2c^2} - mc^2$. Obviously $c \not\ll c$ so you get $\sqrt{0 + p^2c^2} - 0 = pc$. – dmckee Jan 18 '13 at 15:38
It's a random coincidence. In particular, your derivation doesn't change if the "black hole" is spinning, but in full general relativity, you'll have $R = \frac{G}{c^{2}}\left(M + \sqrt{M^{2} - \frac{J^{2}c^{2}}{G^{2}M^{2}}}\right)$, where $J$ is the angular momentum of the black hole. – Jerry Schirmer Jan 18 '13 at 16:23
Indeed it is coincidence. See also my answer to this question – Chris White Jan 18 '13 at 17:13
Our professor derived it like this. Furthermore he didnt even warn us the derivation is WRONG! But i am amazed! What a coincidence indeed :) – 71GA Jan 18 '13 at 19:21
_USER_ Congrats. I never managed to catch my professors on any errors more serious than flipped signs or the like. :) – Dan Neely Jan 18 '13 at 20:49
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
This is one of those cases when the ends do not justify the means... Just because you get a result that is true, from laws that aren't supposed hold in that situation, doesn't mean that the laws can be used there.
If you're asking about whether there is a deeper connection between using $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ and getting the radius, to the best of my knowledge, there is none: it just happens to be a coincidence that they match.
Like Michael Brown said, the Schwarzschild radius can only be derived from GR, in which the Schwarzschild metric \begin{align} ds^2 = - (1-2GM/r) dt^2 + (1-2GM/r)^{-1}dr^2 + r^2d\Omega^2 \end{align} is the unique maximally symmetric solution to Einstein's equations in vacuum. (I've set $c = 1$) here. Note that something interesting is happening when $r = 2GM$, and one can go on to show that $r = 2GM$ happens to be the boundary of the causal part of the future null infinity, which we identify as the event horizon.
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Missing those factors of 2 perhaps? – Chris White Jan 18 '13 at 17:10
ahha yes. i'll edit my post, thanks – nervxxx Jan 18 '13 at 17:12
The short answer is: no, $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ is never valid for photons. A photon's energy is given by $$ E = h f = \hbar \omega = \frac{h c}{\lambda} $$ always. The derivation of the Schwarzschild radius you mention is an incorrect one that happens to give the right answer accidentally. The correct derivation requires general relativity.
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The Center hosts spring break and summer day archaeology camps for kids at the Legacy Plaza Museum Annex. These camps give school children the opportunity to learn about Central Texas prehistory through guided interactive activities such as flint knapping and archaeological excavation at a dig site located behind the Annex. An on-site hearth and bedrock mortar will provide hands-on experiences for kids to learn about ancient plant processing and cooking technologies.
The Center is creating a teacher training facility equipped with a computer bank, wireless networking hookups and filming equipment at the Legacy Plaza Museum Annex to share effective teaching strategies and techniques. Classroom enrichment activities exploring and presenting the various interrelated concepts and practice skills specified in the Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills state-mandated curriculum guidelines are also being developed for email distribution to public school teachers.
Scholar in Residence Program
The Scholar in Residence Program provides research and training opportunities for students and faculty in archaeology, botany and related fields through partnerships with colleges and universities. Visiting scholars are offered the opportunity to stay at the Legacy Plaza Museum Annex during their residency.
Thousands of archaeological and native plant collection sites are scattered across the rural Mills County area. However, because most of these sites are located on private ranches, they are inaccessible to the public. Through partnerships with over 100 landowners in the region, the Center conducts guided tours of archaeological and native plant collection sites for visitors of all ages.


MomentJS - Date Validation
MomentJS handles date validation in an easy way. You need not write lots of code to validate date. isValid() is the method available on moment which tells if the date is valid or not. MomentJS also provides many parsing flags which can be used to check for date validation.
Parsing Flags
MomentJS provides the following parsing flags in cases where the date given is considered as invalid −
overflow − This will occur when the month given is 13th, day is 367th in an year or 32nd in a month, 29th for Feb on a non-leap year etc. Overflow contains the index of the invalid unit to match towards invalidAt. Note that -1 means no overflow.
invalidMonth − It shows an invalid month name. It will give the invalid month string or null.
Empty − When an input is given which is not a date. It gives a Boolean.
nullInput − A null input, like moment(null);It returns a Boolean.
invalidFormat − When the format given is empty such as moment('2018-04-25', []). It gives Boolean back.
userInvalidated − A date created explicitly as invalid, such as moment.invalid(). It returns Boolean.
meridiem − Indicates the meridiem (AM/PM) parsed, if any. It returns string.
parsedDateParts − It returns an array of date parts parsed such as parsedDateParts[0] as year, parsedDateParts[1] as month and parsedDateParts[2] as day. If no parts are present, but meridiem has value, date is invalid. It returns an array.
Consider the following example to understand date validation −
var a = moment("2018-18-10T10:20:25");
The invalidAt gives the output as 1, which points to the month as the month value is greater than 12 and it overflows. If there is an overflow, invalidAt will give the output as shown in the table given here −
0 years
1 months
2 days
3 hours
4 minutes
5 seconds
6 milliseconds
If there are multiple overflows in the date given, it will be an output for the first overflowed index.


text:
Students with disability
Get the following policy documents for students with a disability.
Students with Disability
Transition from School for Students with Disability
- Transition from School for Students with Disability
- Effective Transition Planning Timeline
- Guiding Documents and Additional Resources
NDIS information for schools
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) information package for Northern Territory Government schools comprises documents which contain the appropriate documentation needed by each stakeholder group; family, provider or school.
The Northern Territory Government would like to acknowledge the Victorian Department of Education and Training, South Australian Department of Education and Child Development and the National Disability Insurance Scheme for permission to use and adapt their information for the development of this information package.
Last updated: 30 September 2019
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Wrinkles is an adorable and well balanced elephant. Flappy is a cute and energetic dragon. They live in a wondrous world together, filled with mysteries.
They are each special in their own way and they have super-powers that they can use whenever an emotional 'alarm' is triggered.
Wrinkles and Flappy become separated, putting their mission in jeopardy. In this book, you will learn about the two secrets that bring them back together and help them to get back on track and accomplish their mission.
Why choose this book?
The story, through the characters in this book, represent the process we all go through when controlling our emotions and allows children to visualize this process. It offers parents simple, helpful prompts in teaching children emotional and impulse control. It illustrates and describes, through rhyme and funny and accessible characters, the benefits of emotional control of all parts of the brain.
Rhyming lyrics help children to remember to tell the story, enabling them to remember how to access their internal resources in order to process events and emotions. Free on Kindle


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"How to Tell If Your Cat Is Plotting to Kill You" is an offering of cat comics, facts and instructional guides from the creative wonderland at TheOatmeal.com.
If you are a cat lover like me, you'll find this book funny.
It's a quick read as it's just graphics.
Some of the topics include:
- The daily antics of the Bobcats at the office
- How to pet a kitty
- How your cat sees you
- Walking a dog versus a cat
- If we treated our cats like they treat us
- How to deal with kitty litter
- How kittens are plotting to take over the world
Here are some examples of the Bobcats:


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New research shows that you gain better perception through meditation. "Attentional-blink" occurs when two pieces of information are presented to a person in very close succession, and the brain doesn't perceive the second piece of information because it is still processing the first. Richard Davidson and colleagues attempted to determine if intensive mental training through meditation could extend the brain's limits on information processing, reducing "attentional-blink."
The researchers compared two groups of people—17 expert meditators and 23 novices—to see if either was better at recognizing two pieces of information shown in quick succession.
The participants were tested at the beginning and end of a 3-month period. For the intervening 3 months, the meditation practitioners participated in a retreat, during which they meditated for 10-12 hours a day. The novices participated in a 1-hour meditation class, and were asked to meditate for 20 minutes a day for the week before each test.
The researchers found that intensive training did reduce "attentional-blink." The participants who had gone through the mental training were more likely to perceive both pieces of information instead of just the first because the brain used fewer resources to detect the first piece of information—leaving more resources available to detect the second. The researchers also note that this study supports the idea that brain plasticity, or the ability of the brain to adapt, exists throughout life.
Provided by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
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- Tags: attentional blink, does meditation make you smarter?, meditate to make your brain more efficient, research about meditation, Research: We Perceive More through Meditation, Science & Research


Emma Watson Redefined What The College Experience Should Be In Powerful U.N. Speech
The actress is leading the charge in a global gender equality fight.
Emma Watson is going to bat for university women, and the whole world is listening.
On Tuesday, the Harry Potter star delivered a powerful speech at the U.N. on women's rights, introducing the HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 University Parity Report. The report laid out 10 committed universities from all over the globe — including Oxford and Georgetown — which set concrete goals for improving life on campus for women.
During her remarks, Watson emphasized the importance of ensuring universities have adequate female representation on the faculty level.
"What if our experience at university shows us that women don't belong in leadership?" she asked the assembly. "What if it shows us that, yes, women can study, but they shouldn't lead a seminar? What if, as still in many places around the world, it tells us that women don't belong there at all? What if, as is the case at far too many universities, we are given the message that sexual violence isn't actually a form of violence?"
She stressed the necessity of committing to creating safe environments for women, and noted in particular the possibility that by changing the college experience for young people, we could in effect change in the years that follow.
"A university should be a place of refuge that takes action against all forms of violence," Watson said. "That's why, we believe, that students should leave university believing in, striving for, and expecting societies of true equality… in every sense and that universities have the power to be a vital catalyst for that change."
The college experience should be, she said, a time to embrace actual parity, in the hopes that graduates replicate that parity everywhere they go.
The report Watson introduced emphasized three major issues universities can address: the ratio of men and women working at the university, the difference in fields selected by men and women, and the number of women compared to their equal access to academic and professional career tracks.
Watson launched her advocacy group HeForShe in 2014 and has since become the face of a new women's rights movement across the globe.
Hermione would be proud.


The value of public and private green spaces under water restrictions
Darla Hatton MacDonald, Neville D. Crossman, Parvin Mahmoudi, Laura O. Taylor, David M. Summers, Peter C. Boxall
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
34 Citations (Scopus)
Numerous studies have been published that consider the relationship between open spaces and property values. In this study, we examine the potential impact of water restrictions on the value of different types of green space. Restrictions on the use of water on outdoor areas are a popular means for governments or utilities to limit water use in urban areas. In this paper, a hedonic pricing model is used to analyse the effects that increasingly severe water restrictions might have on the perceived value of public and private green spaces in Adelaide, South Australia. A hedonic pricing model is estimated that contains housing characteristics, neighbourhood amenities, fixed effects to control for unobserved neighbourhood characteristics and temporal control variables for inflation. The findings suggest that water restrictions are not having a significant impact of the value of outdoor spaces on private properties. There are indications that substitutions may be occurring with the proximity to playgrounds, which are watered more regularly, becoming significant with increasing severity of water restrictions. However, close proximity to large public parks with trails for walking which remain in a natural state throughout the year (brown and dry in summer) is negatively correlated with the selling price regardless of water restrictions. This suggests that households in this market may be using some public green spaces for recreation in lieu of private areas but not all public open spaces are equal. This has implications for urban and landscape planners, especially given the likelihood of ongoing water restriction under climate change.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)192-200
Number of pages9
JournalLandscape and Urban Planning
Issue number4
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2010
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 Late Bill Payment Research Paper
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 This 5 page paper uses data supplied by the student to examine if there is a correlation between the lateness of a bill and the amount of the bill. The paper presents a background to the research, hypothesises, data analysis and a conclusion. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
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 bill payments 5 Figure 3 Pattern of late residential bill payments 6 1. Background to the Problem The timing of payments on loans or amounts due are key to the cash flow of a company to whom the money is loaned. It is known that as loans become later it the payment may become increasingly difficult to collect and the potential for a default increases (Greenberg, 1997). For companies wishing to avoid taking on collections of more risky debts and for those who already have them, the ability to understand patterns of payments and the ability to predict the way in which these patterns will move will enable better decisions making to take place and increased the effectiveness of any risk assessments that take place (Howells and Bain, 2004). 2. Aims of Research The aim of the research is to look at the different patterns seen with overdue bill payments. The paper will seek to answer the following questions in order to increase the understanding with which late bill payment collections can be managed more efficiently and bill collections company can use to determine which risks they can afford to take on (Blazenko and Vandezande, 2003). The specific questions will include; * Is there any correlation between the amount and lateness of a bill? * Is there any difference between the residential ands the commercial bill payment patterns? * If there is a correlation for either the residential or the commercial costumers, to what extent does the correlation hold. The hypothesis is that First Hypothesis H1 There will be different patterns in payments seen with commercial bills being more likely to be paid later than the residential bills. H0 There is no difference between the bill paying patterns of
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