text:
In the previous blog entry, I described two specific design artifacts (user types and personas) that can be used to inform an intentional API consumer experience. In this entry, we'll go one step further into the API ecosystem and map out how the consuming developers (i.e., the direct users of the API) work with other user types to achieve their goals. Understanding how all the players come together to support your API consumers is fundamental to developing the right API product as well as the right set of services and support offerings to make your users successful. Journey mapping is a technique used by leading UX and service design organizations to articulate the steps and activities necessary to complete complex, multi-faceted tasks that involve multiple actors across multiple channels. In this article, I'll explain how journey mapping can be effectively applied to API consumers and give some insight into the various forms and levels of detail that different teams align around when planning different types of experiences.
Personas allow for empathy. Maps provide context.
Journey maps – Journey maps for API consumers are paradoxically less common (compared to user types and personas) in enterprise API programs while also being the most actionable and useful of the three experience design artifacts covered in this blog series. The main difference to pay attention to here is that the user types and personas can be useful as tools, but neither of these artifacts are reflective of the actual experience people will have as they engage your enterprise. Journey map artifacts, on the other hand, are more than representations of people — they are models of the experience that guides a consumer through each step that developers go through as they engage with your product/platform/organization throughout their application creation experience.
Mapping the API consumer journey (in both as-is and to-be forms) provides product owners with a holistic understanding of their target user-base, developer relations, collaborative interactions, marketing strategies, and on-boarding approaches that your enterprise will create and support. This removes friction from the process of taking an application from the drawing board to full scale production. Journey maps can show your API product owners that application creation and API consumption is a team-sport — requiring each of the above user types to achieve the desired end. A pleasant and satisfying experience of leveraging your enterprise's APIs to make something that is valuable to their stakeholders and customers.
A general framework for the API consumption journey can be mapped via the following phases: Discovery and learning, envisioning and experimenting, developing and troubleshooting, deploy and monitor, and learn and evolve stages.
As consumers move through each of the above phases, each of the other user types interact and collaborate with the consumer and each other to ultimately deploy, scale, and evolve their API-powered applications.
There is no industry-standard template for documenting a journey map, and there are many good examples to choose from. When looking at examples to inspire your enterprise, the key distinction to pay attention to is the level of detail in the diagram to see if it would give your team:
- An accurate picture that communicates the true level of complexity and duration of the process that people go through.
- Sufficient insight into the likely mindset of actors inside the journey.
- Visibility into areas/interactions of pain/delight for the actors inside the journey.
- An understanding of the moments where value creation is realized for the consumer, your enterprise or all parties involved.
For comparison purposes, I've included three examples below that span different levels of complexity in mapping audience journeys. While these examples aren't API-consumer-specific, they still can be used as both an inspiration of what your API product team can create, and a justification for why your consumer journey map needs to be specific to your industry and context. For example, your authentication and provisioning policies and process are specific to your enterprise, while the goals and emotional states of your personas will be specific to your industry, etc.
The map to API consumer heaven is paved with good intentions
Each of the above examples have different strengths and can be used for different purposes. The most simple format (figure 3) is appropriate for a process that has low to medium complexity and doesn't require interaction by more than a few actors. This format is an intentionally simplified form of a journey map sometimes referred to as an Experience Map (a higher level artifact than a typical journey map). The complex format (figure 4) is more appropriate for mission-critical processes that span over longer periods of time and involve a larger number of actors. Each of these formats are appropriate to help a product team identify what areas of the journey are ripe for improvement or redesign. These maps are the context that allow your API initiative team to articulate, design, and execute a series of efforts that will ultimately culminate in a customer-facing experience that meets the goals of both your enterprise and the API consuming developers.
Whatever format your team picks, the goal you are shooting for is for your API team to have an "as-is" and "to-be" map that articulates how the journey of your API consumers will play out, along with the sense of how the other actors in the ecosystem support that journey. This deliberate approach, detailed with the discrete steps and interactions along the path, is the key to allow your API product owners to create an experience rich in moments of delight as API consumers engage to leverage your platform. Both the MuleSoft and Salesforce teams are well versed in collaborating to create both the underlying artifacts along with the detailed systems to deliver market-leading experiences in the API and integration spaces.
If this is something your team would like help with please reach out to a member of the MuleSoft account team. Or go to trailhead and learn more about mapping customer journeys.


main article image
(Debashish Sharma/Twitter)
What's The Deal With This Ridiculous Yellow Turtle Found in India?
For the second time in just three months the Indian Forest Service has announced the discovery of a golden flapshell turtle.
Like a slice of cheese, a slab of butter, or the yolk of an egg, this zesty creature with its vivid yellow shell, head, and limbs looks good enough to eat - and has fast become an internet sensation.
While such aberrations of colour are rare in nature, this bizarre phenomenon is more common than many recognise.
Yellow variants of the Indian flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctata) - which typically are brown with yellow spots and a creamy white underside - have been discovered a handful of times over the years in various parts of South Asia, where it is one of the most common aquatic turtle species.
The genetic anomaly doesn't happen often, but when it does, it tends to stand out.
In 1997, a turtle with a uniformly yellow body and pink eyes was discovered in Gujarat on the west coast of India, and other similar examples are said to have been found in Myanmar and Bangladesh, although the data are unpublished.
Just this summer, a golden turtle was snapped in Odisha, an eastern Indian state, and when posted on Twitter, a wildlife biologist in India claimed to have found three such individuals the year before.
Even more recently, a paper was published on the first discovery of a golden flapshell found in Nepal.
While there's little information on the most recent finds, the phenomenon is thought to be caused by a lack of body pigmentation.
It's similar to pure albinism - a genetic disorder that causes a complete lack of pigments in the body - but instead of showing up completely white, in certain cases, yellow pteridine pigments can survive to dominate colour production (along with eye pigments).
This is known as chromatic leucism, and among turtles, researchers say it can produce the most "dazzling" colour variants.
While not exactly rare among flapshell turtles, researchers describe the phenomenon as "relatively uncommon".
In July, when the first golden turtle of the year went viral, herpetologists in India explained that in some cases, if a different pigment makes it through, this species can even appear red. That said, examples of such ruby-coloured turtles are almost impossible to find online.
But while turtles sporting such vivid hues might be cherished as viral phenomena and could be highly prised in the pet trade, in nature lacking your normal colouration can be quite the burden.
"For instance, a normally coloured L. punctata is much better camouflaged in the murky, greenish, aqueous environment the species frequents than a gold-coloured individual," explains the paper written on the Nepal discovery.
Very often, these golden creatures are'rescued' from their natural habitats and relocated to new areas or placed in captivity.
In this new case, the golden turtle was accidentally snared in a fishing net, and as herpetologist Sneha Dharwadkar explains on Twitter, this represents a problem.
"Its almost impossible to relocate flapshells anywhere because 1. they are found in most waterbodies…" she writes, "2. Most places have fishing."
"[W]e need to find an alternative to relocating flapshells," she adds
It's not easy being green, but apparently it's a lot harder being yellow.


text: While large, good condition, well-shaped oysters have high market value, they require optimal growing conditions and labour intensive techniques to culture. To handle this NSW oyster growers are progressively moving towards innovative technologies, one of which allows automated bulk processing of oysters. Growers now purchase sophisticated graders that clean, count and sort large number of oysters quickly and efficiently. While graders are routinely used to count and sort oysters into batches of similar size, these machines are actually measuring the characteristics of individual oysters. This presents an unprecedented opportunity to collect high-quality oyster growth and growing area performance data. This project focuses on the assessment of oyster lease and cultivation method performance. This can be translated into a management tool for improving the industries' productivity and environmental sustainability. The project also demonstrates the possibility of implementing a long term oyster performance monitoring program, with minimum additional effort from the growers.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Saturday, January 14, 2012
Knowing Liferay's URL Parameters
The sole reason for the evolution of DNS was making easy to remember URL, and it served its purpose very well. But sometimes we see a lot of things appended with that URL which is called Parameters. The URL and Parameters are separated by '?', multiple parameters are separated by '&' and parameters exists in key value pair distinguished by '='.
The point that drags my attention is - if we can use Hidden parameters in request object and it serves purpose very well, then why it is needed to use Visible parameters? The answer is - when request is not directly coming back to page.
Following is the very general URL form of Liferay, lets understand it.
I hope no need to explain the part before '?'
This is the portlet ID of the portlet. This portlet ID is unique and that identifies portlet. It sometimes contains _INSTANCE_ that tells that portlet instance can be made.
This parameter identifies the action of the portlet, means it identifies which method will be invoked - render() or processAction. 0 depicts render whereas 1 depicts processAction. Previously It was known as p_p_action in LR 5 and before. We have also seen struts_action parameter that tells the struts action path which was just served.
This parameter explains the window state of the portlet, which can be maximixed, minimized and exclusive.
Tells id of the page layout on which that instance of portlet is added.
Tells the column number in which the portlet is added.
Tells the total number of portlets in the current layout (page).
These values are handled by FriendlyURLMapper class which includes only those parameters which have some values, others are removed form the URL.


text:
pageant, modern dramatic spectacle or procession celebrating a special occasion or an event in the history of a locality. In medieval times the word pageant had meant the wagon or the movable stage on which one scene of a mystery or miracle play was performed. The pageant was built on wheels and consisted of two rooms, the lower one being used as a dressing room and the upper used as a stage. The word also referred to the complex wooden machine-structures built for the Tudor masque. The modern form of the pageant came into general use in England and America since the production, in 1905, of L. N. Parker's Sherborne pageant in England. Pageants include such celebrations as the Mardi Gras and annual local festivals.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Theater


10 U.S. Code § 6254 - Availability of appropriations
The Secretary of the Navy may spend from appropriations for the pay of the Navy or the Marine Corps, as appropriate, amounts necessary to provide and replace medals of honor, Navy crosses, distinguished-service medals, silver star medals, and Navy and Marine Corps Medals, and associated bars, emblems, and insignia.
Historical and Revision Notes
6254 34 U.S.C. 359 (less proviso). Feb. 4, 1919, ch. 14, § 6 (less proviso), 40 Stat. 1056; renumbered § 8 and amended Aug. 7, 1942, ch. 551, § 1, 56 Stat. 744.
The words "the appropriations for the pay of the Navy or the Marine Corps, as appropriate", are substituted for the words "the appropriation 'Pay, subsistence, and transportation of naval personnel' ", to identify by a general description, rather than by the specific appropriation title, the appropriation authorized to be used. Specific appropriation titles vary from one appropriation act to the next. The permanent authority contained in 34 U.S.C. 359 for the Secretary of the Navy to use appropriations available for the pay of the Navy and the Marine Corps is not affected by a change in the titles of those appropriations nor is it affected by a specific authorization in an appropriation act to use, during the life of the act, a different type of appropriation.


text:
In this tutorial, we share how to use our Kraft Artist Trading Cards to make Party Animals! This is a super creative way to turn chipboard into a fun and entertaining work of art. You can choose to use your own pet, or any favorite animal you have.
Download a printable version of this activity here so you can easily follow the steps and the design!
Party Animal Tutorial
Below is the step by step tutorial on how to make a Party Animal. We used a rabbit as an example, perfect for Easter coming up in April! You can personalize this craft any way you'd like.
- Kraft Artist Trading Cards
- Acrylic paint or Tempera paint
- Colorful paper
- Pom poms
- Glue (gluestick or tacky glue)
Step 1: Choose an animal you want to use for your design. You can print black and white clipart photos, or use a photo of your pet. Scale the image to be about 2 inches long and wide, so that it fits on the 2.5" x 3.5" chipboard. Print and cut out the image, then set it aside.
Tip: Use an image of an animal that is facing foward and will look good with a party hat!
Step 2: If you know you would like to add some fun line designs to your background like in our examples, you can use another piece of chipboard or cardstock paper and cut the edges to use in Step 3.
Step 3: Create an abstract background on your chipboard using acrylic or tempera paint. Overlap colors to add variety. Before the paint dries, use your chipboard from Step 2 to slide over the paint and make designs, like rolling hills or an intricate sky. Let the paint dry.
Tip: If you layer the paint colors, once you "comb" over the chipboard with your jagged edges, the color underneath will show through!
Step 4: Make the party hat for your animal using colorful paper and a pom pom. Cut a triangle out of colorful paper, then use a mini pom pom or cut a small piece off of a larger one. You can choose to draw on the hat with marker to add more designs. Glue the pom pom to the end of the hat.
Step 5: Glue the animal clipart or photo you chose from Step 1 onto the chipboard, then glue the party hat on. Now you have a Party Animal! You can choose to add a magnet to the back to display it, punch a hole at the top and hang it, or make it a gift.
Share how your Party Animal came out in the comments below!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- Girl Names
What does the baby name Taneya mean? Learn about what Taneya means, its history & origin, popularity in our random name database, pronunciation, similar names, nicknames & spelling variations.
Taneya - Name Meaning, Origin & Popularity
- Spelling of Taneya
- T-A-N-E-Y-A, is a 6-letter female given name.
- Meaning of Taneya
- Fairy queen.
- Origin of Taneya
- Russian Names
- Similar Names, Nicknames, & Spelling Variations of Taneya
- Popularity of Taneya
- Taneya currently has no likes. Be the first to like this name.


text: Soil data serve as an important initialization parameter for hydro-ecological and climatological modeling of water and chemical movement, heat transfer, or land-use change. Most soil hydraulic properties are difficult to measure and therefore have to be estimated in most cases. Efficient methods for estimating soil hydraulic properties are lacking for tropical soils. This study examines and uses easy-to-measure soil properties together with terrain attributes in artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), one of the key soil hydraulic properties for two pilot sites in the Volta basin of Ghana. It was observed that good data distribution, range, and amounts are prerequisites for good ANN estimation and, therefore, data preprocessing is important for ANN. With adequate and sensitive data, ANN can be used to estimate Ks, using soil properties such as sand, silt, and clay content, bulk density, and organic carbon. Although the inclusion of terrain parameters can improve the estimation of Ks using ANN, they cannot be relied on as the sole input parameters as they yield poor results for the scale considered in this study. The source of training data was found to significantly influence the topsoil Ks, but the subsoil was not sensitive to training data source.


Concrete Beam Design (per ACI)
Concrete Beam Design (per ACI)
100 - 500 downloads
Add this app to your lists
Concrete Beam Design is for the engineering investigation and design of reinforced concrete flexural slabs and beams. It performs flexural design, flexural investigation, moment redistribution, and shear design for rectangular and T-shaped concrete sections, while checking all ACI 318-11 Code requirements. Bar sizes, counts, and spacing are given for both flexural steel and stirrups.
Upgraded to include both US and SI units, metric reinforcing steel sizes, and the American Concrete Institute ACI 318-11 code.
Great for professional engineers who need quick input and detailed design output.
Great for students who can refer to the pertinent Code sections used in the Help file.
The application does the following:
-Accepts US or SI units and either US or European reinforcing bar sizes,
-Computes the required steel area and reinforcement for a given ultimate moment Mu,
-Computes the moment capacity ΦMn for a user input steel area,
-The user can select and save bar sizes for slabs and beams,
-Displays bar spacing for slabs and bar count for beams,
-Checks for the minimum code allowed bar spacing,
-Computes and displays the flexural strength ΦMn based on the bar size and bar count or spacing,
-Checks code requirements for both slab and beam minimum and maximum steel areas,
-Displays actual steel ratio along with the minimum and maximum allowed steel ratios,
-Displays the depth of the flexural compression block for use with T-shaped beams,
-Displays the flexural tensile strain εt,
-Computes the allowable moment redistribution and displays the redistributed moment and steel area,
-Computes the allowable shear force ΦVc,
-The user can select the stirrup bar size and the number of stirrup legs,
-Displays the stirrup bar size, number of vertical legs, and stirrup spacing for the Vu input,
-Computes and displays the shear strength ΦVn based on the stirrup bar size, leg count, and spacing,
-A Preferences screen saves the user's settings for US or Si units, member type, concrete strength, steel strength,
member width, member depth, slab bar size, beam bar size, stirrup bar size, and the number of stirrup legs,
-A Help screen provides instruction for the use of the app, and gives the section numbers for the pertinent ACI code sections,
-All input values and calculation results are saved when exiting the app, so that the data and results are available whenever the user returns to use it.
-The input and results can be emailed in a text file for sharing or printing.
Tags: concrete beam designs, concrete beam design, concrete column beam standard designed, beam design, reinforced concrete beam design, design of beam as per aci, peraci, design concret beam aci code31883, engineering information on concrete beams, design of concrete.
Recently changed in this version
-Improved for Android 4.x
Comments and ratings for Concrete Beam Design (per ACI)


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Frequently Asked Questions
If you are called for jury duty, you will have many questions – from where you should report to what will happen during a trial if you are chosen to serve. Most of these steps are set by state law and a few court rules. What you read here should cover most of your questions when called to serve in the Superior Court of California, although each county may be slightly different.
1. Who may be called to serve as a juror?
You may be called to serve if you are 18 years old or older, a United States citizen, and a resident of the County of Humboldt. In addition you must not have served as any kind of juror during the past 12 months, nor have been convicted of a felony.
2. How did my name get selected for jury duty?
Jurors' names are selected at random from lists of registered voters. In addition, the law provides that the courts may use the names of all persons who have driver's licenses or identification cards issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
3. How long will my name be on the prospective juror's list?
Your name will remain on the court's jury list for at least one year, and you may be called for jury duty at any time during that year. If you are not called one year, your name may be placed on next year's list.
4. When I am summoned as a juror, what should I do?
READ the summons and juror information form. Complete the juror information section, date and sign it. Bring the summons form with you when reporting. Keep the summons portion and parking permit for your future use. Your juror group number and future instructions are located on the summons portion. Check your status by checking the reporting instructions at this website or by phone, per the instructions on your summons. The parking permit lists the address of the courthouse for the Superior Court of California, County of Humboldt. In Humboldt County trials are held at the 825 Fifth Street site in Eureka.
5. What happens if I do not respond to the jury summons?
For your information, California Code of Civil Procedure Section 209 provides that "Any prospective trial juror who has been summoned for service, and who fails to attend upon the court as directed or to respond to the court or jury commissioner and to be excused from attendance, may be attached and compelled to attend; and, following an order to show cause hearing, the court may find the prospective juror in contempt of court, punishable by a find of up to $1,500, or 5 days in the county jail, or both" (CCP 1218(a)).
6. May I postpone my jury service to a more convenient time?
You may request to reschedule your jury service to a more convenient time. Usually it must be rescheduled during the same year and not exceed 90 days from the date of your summons. Jurors are allowed one postponement. Mail your request for postponement to the Jury Services Office.
7. Do I get paid for jury duty?
Payment to jurors begins on the second and subsequent days. You will not get paid on the first day of service. The minimum amount paid is set by the State Legislature. The county pays $15.00 per day plus.34 cents per mile one-way from home.
8. Does the Court pay for meals?
No. Meals are not provided during a trial or during deliberations.
9. How can I be a juror if my boss won't let me off?
Employers must allow employees time off to serve on a jury. The California Labor Code Section 230 prohibits any employer from firing or harassing an employee who is summoned to court for jury services as long as reasonable notice is given. If you are a teacher or student, you are protected by California Education Code Sections 44037 and 87306.
If you are concerned that jury duty has negatively impacted your employment, the Department of Labor Standars Enforcement (DLSE) can provide assistance. A Senior Labor Commissioner will respond to questions at _EMAIL_.
Some employers may pay the difference between your jury allowance and your salary. For example, if your salary for the day is $35.00 and the jury fee is $15.00, your employer may pay $20.00. However, this is not required by law, but many contracts require the pay differential.
10. What should I wear to Court?
Dress as you would to go to a business meeting or social function. Check with the Jury Services Office if you have any doubts.
11. Is there any special way I must act in court?
Be alert and courteous. You may bring a book or newspaper to read while you're waiting for court to begin, or during recesses, but don't read while court is in session. Be sure to turn off all cell phones and audible pagers in the courtroom. Eating and chewing gum is not permitted.
12. How much of my day will jury service take?
You should plan to attend court as a juror all day from 8:00 – 4:30 p.m. depending on the court's schedule. Civil cases will last could last from one to two weeks or sometimes longer. The average length is around five days. Criminal cases generally last from one to two weeks.
13. Why are there such long breaks and lunch hours during a trial?
The judge may have to set the next day's calendar and dispose of other cases. Attorneys may need time to prepare their witnesses and other aspects of the case.
14. What happens if I'm late?
Contact the Jury Services Office as soon as you know that you are going to be late. If you are already assigned to a courtroom, contact the Jury Services Office or the clerk of the court and explain your situation. Remember the trial cannot proceed until everyone is present. If you don't have a good excuse, the judge may fine you for being late.
15. Is it true that I must not discuss the case with anyone while it's in progress?
Do not talk to anyone about the case until you are discharged from the jury, not even the lawyers or the judge, except through the bailiff. Discussions with others can cause a mistrial because the juror gained evidence outside the record. If any person persists in talking to you about the trial or attempts to influence you as a juror, tell the bailiff. During deliberations at the end of the trial, of court, you will discuss the case with other jurors in order to reach a verdict.
16. May I investigate some parts of the case that aren't brought out by the attorneys on my own?
No. Under no circumstances should you investigate the case on your own, either alone or with other jurors. You may not talk to witnesses, or do independent experiments. Your verdict must be based only on evidence produced in court. This prevents a trial based on secret evident. If you violate this rule, you could cause a mistrial.
17. Why do attorneys talk with the judge out of the jurors' hearing?
If this happens, do not feel slighted or guess what is being said. Such conferences are held to discuss legal issues or to agree upon points of evidence. These conferences often help speed up the trial or avoid the possibility of a mistrial.
18. Who can I write with suggestions about my jury service?
The Presiding Judge or the Jury Commissioner, at mailing address 825 Fifth Street, Room 231, Eureka, Ca. 95501
© 2014 Superior Court of the County of Humboldt


Researchers In China Used Live Pigs As Crash Test Dummies In Horrific Simulations
Content Advisory
Pigs are highly intelligent and sentient animals that feel pain, just like we do. They are vocal and social animals that love to cuddle. Sadly, most are not treated kindly and seen only as food or a test subject.
Researchers at China's Research Institute for Traffic Medicine used young pigs, 70-80 days old, in a horrific car crash simulation. According to the study, they were using the pigs to represent six-year-old children.
"The animals were denied food and water for (24) hours before the tests," reports Daily Mail. 15 pigs were strapped into the seats using one of three different restraint methods. The seats were mounted to sleds and then slammed into a wall at 30 mph.
"The restraint methods were divided into three groups: Loading A, two parallel belts restraining chest and abdomen; Loading B, one diagonal belt and a lap belt; Loading C, double diagonal belts. Each subject experienced one test at an impact speed of 30 or 50 km/h, with a belt tension force sensor to determine the forces on chest, abdomen or diagonal belt," stated the study.
Seven pigs were killed instantly from the impact and the others suffered for hours from multiple injuries. "The detected injuries were abrasion, contusion, laceration, bleeding and fracture."
Animal activist, Anikett, tweeted disturbing images from the simulation causing public outrage. One image showed a pig being flung forward during the crash simulation. Anikett wrote, "See their faces…💔😭😭😭".
Photos: Twitter/_USER_
Thousands of people responded and expressed their anger over the barbaric act. "Despicable, so very cruel and so very wrong!! 😡 The poor pigs. 💔😢," posted an outraged person.
Zachary Toliver from PETA said, "Despite the existence of sophisticated animal-free models, experimenters continue to fasten abused, frightened animals into car seats and crash them into walls until their bodies are bloody, bruised, and mangled."
He went on to say, "Using sentient animals in car-crash tests is cruel, archaic, and unjustifiable."
Pride Of Lions Poisoned And Butchered By Poachers For Magic Potions: Click "Next" below!
Whizzco for FAP


Grammar Actions
The job of the grammar is to match input patterns from the source language. These patterns then need to get converted to nodes in the abstract syntax tree for manipulation in other stages of the compiler. We've already seen one example of a subroutine structure that takes a match and produces a tree node: Protofunctions. Protofunction signatures aren't the only way to apply functions to rules matched by a parser. They are limited and are slightly primitive, but effective for handling operators. There is an easier and more powerful way to write subroutines to convert match objects into parse tree nodes, using a language that's almost, but Not Quite Perl.
NQP (Not Quite Perl) is a small language which offers a limited subset of Perl 6's syntax and semantics. Though it originated as a bootstrapping tool for the Rakudo Perl 6 compiler, several other Parrot-based compilers use it as well. It has become a permanent member of PCT, and therefore a permanent part of the Parrot code base.
NQP represents almost the smallest subset of the Perl 6 language necessary to implement parser transformations, plus a few syntactic convenience features that developers have requested. NQP's Perl 6 subset shows its Perl 5 roots, so existing Perl 5 programmers should find much of it familiar and should be able to leverage their existing skills for writing compilers.
In PGE, at the time of a match the grammar we can invoke an action using the special {*} symbol. In general, these action methods are written in NQP, although it is possible for them to be written in PIR In fact, this is how the NQP compiler itself is written. We won't discuss the PIR case here because it's uncommon and needlessly difficult. NQP is the standard and preferred choice for this.
NQP Basics
Like all flavors and versions of Perl, NQP uses special prefix symbols called sigils to distinguish variable types. The $ sigil represents scalars, @ arrays, and % for hashes. A scalar is any single value which can interchangeably contain given a string value, an integer value, or an object reference. Simple NQP assignments are:
 my $scalar; my $x; my $pi;
 # assignments are:
 $scalar := "This is a string";
 $x := 123;
 $pi := 3.1415; # rounding
The := bind operator performs reference assignment in NQP. Reference assignment makes one variable into an alias for another. This means that the two variables are just different names for the same storage location, and changes to one will change both. It's important to remember that a bind is not a copy!
NQP has hashes and arrays just like other flavors of Perl and various dynamic languages. NQP does not have a notion of hash and array context, but otherwise it works the way you would expect. Arrays have the @ sigil, and hashes have the % sigil. Here are some examples:
 _USER_[0] := 1;
 _USER_[1] := "foo";
 %hsh{'bar'} := 2;
 %hsh{'baz'} := "parrot";
There is also a nice shorthand way to index hashes, using angle brackets:
 %hsh := "parrot";
It's also possible to assign a list in scalar context:
 $array_but_a_scalar := (1, 2, 3, 4);
Or you could write a new function in PIR to create a new array from a variadic argument list:
 _USER_ := create_new_array(1, 2, 3, 4)
... which calls the PIR function:
.namespace []
.sub 'create_new_array'
 .param pmc elems :slurpy
Calling Actions From Rules
Needs a link to that section.
As mentioned in the chapter on grammar rules, the funny little {*} symbol calls an action. The action in question is an NQP method with the same name as the rule that calls it. NQP rules can have two different signatures:
 method name ($/) {... }
 method name($/, $key) {... }
Where does the key come from? Consider this grammar:
 rule cavepeople {
 'Fred' {*} #= Caveman
 | 'Wilma' {*} #= Cavewoman
 | 'Dino' {*} #= Dinosaur
The cavepeople rule demonstrates the result:
 method cavepeople($/, $key) {
 if $key eq 'Caveman' {
 say "We've found a caveman!";
 } elsif $key eq 'Cavewoman' {
 say "We've found a cavewoman!";
 } elsif $key eq 'Dinosaur' {
 say "A dinosaur isn't a caveperson at all!";
The key is a string that contains whatever any text following the #= symbol. Without a #= following the rule invocation, there's no $key to use in the method. If you attempt to use one without the other, the NQP compiler will die with error messages about mismatched argument/parameter numbers.
The Match Object $/
The match object $/ is a data structure that's all business: it's both a hash and an array. Because it's a special variable used pervasively in PCT, it has a special shortcut syntax:
 $/{'Match_item'} is the same as $
 $/[0] is the same as $[0]
Each key in the match object's hash is the name of a matched rule. Given a file containing "X + 5" and a rule:
 rule introductions {

The resulting match object will contain the key/value pairs:
 "variable" => "x"
 "operator" => "+"
 "number" => "5"
When the match contains multiple values with the same name, or when rules have quantifiers such as * or +, the values in the hash may be arrays. Given the input "A A A B B" and the rule:
 rule letters {
 * *
The match object will contain the pairs:
 "vowel" => ["A", "A", "A"]
 "consonant" => ["B", "B"]
Use the $( ) operator to count the number of matches in each group (by casting it to a scalar):
 $($) == 3
Inline PIR
Needs expansion.
Sometimes NQP isn't quite flexible enough to handle transforms appropriately. In a PGE rule, the {{ }} double curly brackets demarcate inline-PIR mode. PGE will execute any PIR code in those brackets. You can access $/ directly in the grammar without having to jump into NQP.
PAST Nodes
NQP's job is to make abstract syntax trees. These trees are all objects -- and as such, instances of PAST nodes. Each PAST class represents a unique program construct. These constructs are common and simple, but combine to represent complicated programming structures.
Making Trees
Every action has the ability to create a PAST node that represents that action, as well as any children of that node. Calling make on that node adds it into the growing PAST tree that PCT maintains. Once the TOP rule matches successfully and returns, PCT optimizes and converts that tree into PIR and PBC for execution.


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Fix a set $ \Gamma\subset \mathbb F_p$, the field with $p$ elements and a parameter $\epsilon>0$. The Bohr set $B(\Gamma,\epsilon)$ consists of those $x$ for which $x\cdot \Gamma\subseteq[-\epsilon p,\epsilon p]$ - I am identifying the interval with its image mod $p$. The standard lower bound for $B(\Gamma,\epsilon)$ is then $\epsilon^{|\Gamma|}p$ (which is given by the pigeon-hole principle) and this is in fact what one expects (more or less since one expects the events $x\gamma\in[-\epsilon p,\epsilon p]$ with $\gamma\in\Gamma$ to be independent trials). Since $\Gamma\subset B(B(\Gamma,\epsilon),\epsilon)$, this lower bound can miss the mark. What I want to know is if there is something about $\Gamma$ that will tell me it should have the expected size.
EDIT: I have figured out some estimates in the case that $\Gamma$ is dissociated, see below. I am wondering if one can do better in this case, or if one can be more general.
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1 Answer 1
To some extent one can obtain upper bounds on $B(\Gamma,\epsilon)$ when $\Gamma$ is quite special. For instance, when $\Gamma$ is dissociated (which is to say, the sums $\sum_{s\in S}s$ are distinct for each $S\subset \Gamma$) then one can say something. Indeed, any dissociated set of size $d$ cannot be contained in an interval of size $\epsilon p$ if $2^d\geq d\epsilon p$ which shows that if $\epsilon< 2^d/dp$, then $B(\Gamma,\epsilon)$ consists only of the zero element. From this one can obtain bounds for larger $\epsilon$ using $|B(\Gamma,2\epsilon)|\leq 4^d|B(\Gamma,\epsilon)|$. One could also obtain bounds when $\Gamma$ is dissociated by appealing to Rudin's inequality.
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Your Answer


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The purpose of MSE in AIS with a specialization in Instructional Facilitator is to prepare teachers to provide instructional support to their fellow teachers. This support could include developing and demonstrating alignment of instruction with curriculum standards and instructional strategies, developing and implementing training, choosing standards-based instructional materials, and integrating technology into instruction. The specialty consists of five Educational Leadership courses (15 hours) and one elective (3 hours).
Instructional Facilitator Specialty Courses
EDL 6213 Organizational Leadership
EDL 6223 Supervision and Educational Leadership
EDL 6623 Curriculum Strategies for Instructional Leaders
EDL 6633 Curriculum Alignment and Assessment
EDL 6693 Technology for School Leaders
Instructional Facilitator Degree Plan


text:
ACLU: Police Brutality and Suppression of First Amendment Rights in Puerto Rico
Under the Constitution, Puerto Ricans are entitled to the same fundamental rights and protections as all U.S. citizens. But, over the last few years, police brutality and limitations on freedom of assembly and expression in Puerto Rico have escalated at an alarming rate.
First documented by the ACLU in 2004, instances of police brutality have increased both in their frequency and intensity since 2008. Since Governor Luis Fortuño came into power two years ago, peacefully protesting University of Puerto Rico students have been subjected to violent attacks and arrest, while female students have been inappropriately touched by police officers during their arrests. Legislative sessions have been closed to the public, and protesters at the legislature have been pepper sprayed, beaten and shot at with rubber bullets by police. Low-income, black and Dominican communities have suffered ongoing police brutality - including the use of lethal force - for years and rarely see abusive officers punished.


Scientists Turn To Seahorses For Nearly Unbreakable Limbs
Researchers at Clemson University have created a new sort of robotic design based on the long, curled tail of the seahorse. The seahorse is unique because it consists of "square prisms surrounded by bony plates that are connected by joints." Other animal tails are cylindrical and therefore easily crushed.
The researchers write:
￼Researchers found that the square prototype was stiffer, stronger and more resilient than the circular one when crushed. The square prototype was about half as able to twist, a restriction that could prevent damage to the seahorse and give it better control when it grabs things.Both prototypes could bend about 90 degrees, although the cylindrical version was slightly less restricted.
There are a few popular biomimetic robotic snakes on the market but this design would allow a robot to fold up without losing structural integrity. The robotic seahorse could withstand a solid whacking with a hammer while similar cylindrical designs folded at the point of impact.


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Sweet and nutritious, whole fruits are full of the vitamins and fiber important to a child's digestive well-being and overall health.
How much fruit does your child need per day?
0 to 6 months: None
6 to 8 months: Start with 1 tbsp per meal, work up to 4-5 tbsp per day (Choose strained fruits or stage 1 fruit)
8 to 10 months: 4 tbsp or more (Offer cooked fruit pieces, none bigger than your child's thumbnail. Shoot for the consistency of a baked apple)
10 to 12 months: 8 to 12 tbsp (Split each day's fruit allotment into one to two types of fruit)
12 to 24 months: 2-4 servings (One serving equals 1/4 cup canned fruit, 1/2 cup fresh fruit, 4 oz of 100% fruit juice)


Skip to definition.
Noun: carbon disulfide 'kaa(r)-bun dI'súl,fId
 1. A toxic colourless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber
Type of: chemical compound, compound
Encyclopedia: Carbon disulfide


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Health Idioms & Sayings! List of useful health and medicine idioms in English with meaning and examples. Learn these health idioms with ESL picture to improve your English.
Medical and Health Idioms
List of Medical, Medicine and Health Idioms
- Alive And Kicking
- An apple a day keeps the doctor away
- As fit as a fiddle
- As pale as a ghost
- As pale as death
- At death's door
- Back on one's feet
- Be on the Mend
- Bitter pill to swallow
- Break out in a cold sweat
- Catch one's death of cold
- Feel on top of the world
- Get a charley horse
- Go Under the Knife
- Go Viral
- Green around the gills
- Have foot-in-mouth disease
- Have one foot in the grave
- Just what the doctor ordered
- Kink in one's neck
- Laughter is the best medicine
- Poison pill (n)
- Run in the family
- Sick and Tired of
- Sick as a Dog
- Snake Oil
- Take your medicine
- Taste of your own medicine
- Under the weather
Health Idioms with Meaning and Examples
Learn list of health idioms, medical idioms, medicine idioms and doctor idioms with meaning and examples.
Alive And Kicking
- Meaning: In good health despite health problems
- Example: I had coronary bypass surgery last winter, but I'm alive and kicking!
An apple a day keeps the doctor away
- Meaning: Eating healthy foods will keep one from getting sick (and needing to see a doctor)
- Example: Have an apple for a snack, instead of those chips. An apple a day keeps the doctor away, after all.
As fit as a fiddle
- Meaning: To be healthy and physically fit
- Example: My grandfather is ninety years old but he is as fit as a fiddle.
As pale as a ghost
- Meaning: Extremely pale
- Example: My grandfather was as pale as a ghost when he entered the hospital.
As pale as death
- Meaning: Extremely pale
- Example: The woman in the hospital waiting room was as pale as death.
At death's door
- Meaning: Very near death
- Example: The sales manager was at death's door after his heart attack.
Back on one's feet
- Meaning: Physically healthy again
- Example: My mother is back on her feet after being sick for two weeks.
Be on the Mend
- Meaning: Be improving after an illness
- Example: I was in the hospital for a week after I contracted malaria, but now I'm back home, and I'm on the mend.
Bitter pill to swallow
- Meaning: An unpleasant fact that one must accept
- Example: Losing the election was a bitter pill to swallow for the candidate.
- Meaning: Bruised, showing signs of having been physically harmed
- Example: My arm was black-and-blue after falling down the stairs.
Break out in a cold sweat
- Meaning: To perspire from fever or anxiety
- Example: I usually break out in a cold sweat when I have to make a speech.
Catch one's death of cold
- Meaning: To become very ill (with a cold/flu etc.)
- Example: The little boy was told to be careful in the rain or he would catch his death of cold.
Feel on top of the world
- Meaning: To feel very healthy
- Example: I have been feeling on top of the world since I quit my job.
Get a charley horse
- Meaning: To develop a cramp in the arm or the leg
- Example: The swimmer got a charley horse while he was swimming.
Go Under the Knife
- Meaning: Undergo surgery
- Example: I'm going under the knife next month to try to solve my knee problems. Hope it helps!
- Meaning: Begin to spread rapidly on the Internet
- Example: My friend's satirical song about the Supreme Court decision has started to go viral.
Green around the gills
- Meaning: To look sick
- Example: My colleague was looking a little green around the gills when he came to work today.
Have foot-in-mouth disease
- Meaning: Tto embarrass oneself through a silly mistake
- Example: The man has foot-in-mouth disease and is always saying stupid things.
Have one foot in the grave
- Meaning: To be near death (usually because of old age or illness)
- Example: My uncle is very sick and has one foot in the grave.
Just what the doctor ordered
- Meaning: Exactly the thing that is or was needed to help improve something or make one feel better
- Example: A short nap is just what the doctor ordered.
Kink in one's neck
- Meaning: A cramp in one's neck that causes pain
- Example: I woke up this morning with a kink in my neck.
Laughter is the best medicine
- Meaning: Laughing a lot is a very effective means of recovering from physical or mental injury
- Example: I think the best thing for you right now would be to spend some time with people you can joke around with. Laughter is the best medicine, after all.
Poison pill (n)
- Meaning: An element introduced into the restructuring of a corporation so that it becomes undesirable for another corporation to take over.
- Example: Acme Corporation approved a poison pill to prevent a hostile takeover.
Run in the family
- Meaning: To be a common family characteristic
- Example: The serious illness runs in the family of my friend.
Sick and Tired of
- Meaning: Extremely annoyed by something that occurs repeatedly
- Example: I'm sick and tired of the way Neil always tries to get other people to do his work.
Sick as a Dog
- Meaning: Extremely ill.
- Example: Did you have a good vacation?" -""Not really. I was sick as a dog the whole time."
- Meaning: Medicine of unproven value; fraudulent medicine
- Example: The Internet is full of people who sell snake oil that won't help you at all with your medical problems.
Take your medicine
- Meaning: Accept something unpleasant, for example, punishment, without protesting or complaining
- Example: He really hates shopping, but he goes anyway and takes his medicine like a man.
Taste of your own medicine
- Meaning: The same unpleasant experience or treatment that one has given to others
- Example: This team likes to play rough, so let's go out there and give them a taste of their own medicine!
Under the weather
- Meaning: Not feeling well
- Example: My boss has been under the weather all week and has not come to work during that time.
Medical, Medicine and Health Idioms | Image
Useful Health and Medicine Idioms in English
… Health and Medicine Idioms in English …


Example sentences for: decision--rejecting
How can you use "decision--rejecting" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - ) The unanimous ruling that the Communications Decency Act (banning smut on the Internet) is unconstitutional makes page one of the two Times es and the Post. But the third decision--rejecting a challenge to the line-item veto--didn't even rate a front-page teaser in the NYT.
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Film & Audio
Linear story telling is an excellent way to keep younger children entertained. Story creation is one of Jungle Interactive's area of expertise and are an excellent way to keep children distracted and calm in waiting, operating and recovery areas.
We can create bespoke stories to tie into the hospital or even a specific area or medical procedure. Combing story writing with character design can be a powerful way to give a cohesive feel to the hospital and its entertainment and distraction tools.
Stories can either be turned into books that parents can read to children or children can read themselves or play specialists can read to a group of children. Or they can be turned into short videos or animations.
Audio & Sonic Soundscapes
Audio is a really powerful and cost effective tool for enhancing an experience as well as distracting and entertaining
Of course, stories can be turned into audiobooks but audio can also be standalone, think for example about bespoke music tracks or soundscapes, it can even be combined with mood lighting or artwork design. Audio and sound works especially well in areas where children need to be calm and distracted such as MRI rooms, X-ray areas or anaesthetic areas. As said before, if the area is suitable, sound can also be combined with visual projections on the walls, ceiling or floor. Together, sound and visual motifs can create a gentle and magical environment to help calm and distract child patients.
Besides being able to write and create bespoke stories we are also able use copyright free existing ones.
Soundscapes & Artwork
We have used sound to accompany a large-scale vinyl installation of a farmyard scene.
We created an enveloping surround sound experience by installing multiple speakers in the ceiling along the corridor. The multitrack playback system allows us to have full control over the speakers and the audio. This enables us to direct the sound exactly where we want it. For example, all speakers will play the ambient soundscape, but we are able to send certain sounds to specific speakers. As a result, the speaker closest to the illustration of the duck will not only play the ambient sound but also give a quacking sound. This creates a dynamic and interactive soundscape along the corridor. As the patient moves along the corridor they can predict the next farmyard animal from the sound they can hear. Or play a game to guess what sound the next animal will make and check if they were right when they get closer to it.
Videos to help explain medical procedures
When a child is about to go into hospital to undergo a medical procedure it is understandable if they feel nervous, anxious and a little unsure. And that uncertainty can often be caused by a lack of knowledge as to what is going to happen to them. An explanation by a parent or doctor can go some way to help alleviate their worry, but a video can do so much more.
Not only can it help visualise a step by step approach to the procedure, it can also show exactly where it will take place and who will be involved on the day. And if they can access this video before the event, from the comfort of their home, it will give them time to process what will happen and allow them to discuss and ask their parents and medical staff informed questions to reassure and put them at their ease.
And what's more, we can make multiple versions of each video, in a cost-effective way, to match the different ages and cognitive abilities of the patients. For example, a version presented by puppets or animated characters using simpler language is more relevant and helpful to younger children and those with additional needs. Whereas a more straightforward documentary style with an age appropriate voice over narration is better suited to older children
Our job is to work with the hospital staff to create meaningful and supportive videos in a style and format that works for the staff, the children and their families, making each child's experience in hospital as positive and enjoyable as possible.
Story creation and filming from £10,000
Audio from £8,000 including installation
Interested? Contact Us!


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News > Scientists reconstruct Red Sea parting
Researchers at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) have produced a computer simulation that demonstrates how the parting of the Red Sea described in the Book of Exodus could have been caused by strong winds.
The study, which is part of a larger project looking into the impact of winds on water depths, was published in the open-access journal Plos One. In it, researchers produced a reconstruction of the likely geography of the Nile Delta during the Old Testament period, which has changed considerably over the intervening centuries. The researchers have identified a stretch of the Nile where a strong east wind could conceivably have pushed the river back at a bend, opening up a walkway across the exposed mud flats and allowing the Israelites to flee the approaching Egyptians.
"The simulations match fairly closely with the account in Exodus," Carl Drews of the NCAR told the BBC. "The parting of the waters can be understood through fluid dynamics. The wind moves the water in a way that's in accordance with physical laws, creating a safe passage with water on two sides and then abruptly allowing the water to rush back in."
With the burning bush also potentially linked to freak environmental conditions, it remains to be seen how much else of the bible story can be explained by meteorology.


Two: Description of the Metres
2.2 The flexible syllabic metres, vaṇṇacchandas
(varṇacchandas) type 1
(a.k.a. akkharacchandas [Skt: akṣaracchandas])
In these the line length is determined by the number of syllables there are in a line, e.g. Siloka normally has 8; Tuṭṭhubha 11; Jagatī 12. These metres have a more or less fixed cadence (i.e. the closing rhythm of a line), but allow a greater freedom in the rest of the line, in which they differ from vaṇṇacchandas type 2. The syllabic metres are the most common type found in the canon.


text: By 1953, the United Nations, Korean Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA) had allocated nearly $8,500,000 to rebuild South Korea's educational system. This year, if enough funds are forthcoming, the Agency plans to spend another $2,875,000 for the same purpose. Some 300,000 textbooks have been bought for the drive against illiteracy. More than 3,000 tons of paper have been imported to print another 38,000,000 textbooks. The Government of Korea and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) worked with UNKRA on a textbook printing plant near Seoul. This plant, which opened on 16 September, is expected to have produced about 15,000,000 textbooks by the end of the year. This picture shows the distribution of new books to a class of young Korean schoolchildren.


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According to many experts, the best way to improve a pick-up's fuel economy is to add a tonneau cover. A tonneau cover will help reduce aerodynamic drag and can improve gas mileage by as much as 10%. By improving your gas mileage with a tonneau cover, you will also be good to the environment by reducing the carbon dioxide (C02) emitted from your truck, see below for details.
Gas Savings Calculator
According to the United States Department of Energy, one gallon of gasoline produce 20 pounds of C02, click here for more details.
According to the Canadian Department of Natural Resources, every liter of gasoline used produces about 2.4 kg of CO2, click here for details.
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency: Carbon dioxide, while not regulated as an emission, is the transportation sector's primary contribution to climate change. Carbon dioxide emissions are directly proportional to fuel economy—each 1% increase (decrease) in fuel consumption results in a corresponding 1% increase (decrease) in carbon dioxide emissions. Click here for details.


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Traditional Welsh foods
What are the traditional foods of Wales?
Unlike England where a number of culinary traditions filtered down from the upper levels of society, the traditional dishes of Wales literally grew from the land.
Reports from 1896 show that farmers and tenants survived on home-cured meat of domestic animals, home grown vegetables, dairy products and cereal-based dishes. Farmers and cottagers would fatten and slaughter at least one pig a year to provide a constant supply of salted bacon. On larger farms, a bullock or cow was killed and the meat shared between neighbouring farms.
Meat and Vegetables
Cattle provided milk to produce butter and cheese, and vegetables such as leeks, carrots, cabbages, herbs and, from the 18th century onwards, potatoes were grown. Wild fruits, plants, animals and birds were used when in season. Communities living close to coastal regions were able to vary their diet by collecting shellfish and seaweed to make laverbread.
The harsh landscape meant that oats and barley were the most common cereal crops, with wheat confined to the fertile lowlands. Oatmeal was one of the basic elements in the diet of the Welsh. Among the everyday foods served in most rural districts until the early 20th century were Llymru (flummery) and sucan (sowans), consisting of oatmeal steeped in cold water and buttermilk, boiled until thickened and served cool with milk or treacle, bwdram (thin flummery), uwd (porridge) and griwel blawd ceirch (oatmeal gruel).
Oat-bread was the most common bread to be eaten in Wales until the late 19th century. It was used in north Wales as a basic ingredient in cereal pottages such as picws mali (shot) or siot (shot); a popular light meal consisting of crushed oat-bread soaked in buttermilk. Br?es (brose) was a common dish in the agricultural areas of the north and was regularly prepared as a breakfast dish for the men-servants. It was made from crushed oat-bread steeped in meat stock and sprinkled with crushed oat-bread before serving.
Welsh rural society was largely self-supporting with the exception of sugar, salt, tea, rice and currants, which had to be purchased. Very little fresh fruit was bought and eggs were only eaten on very rare occasions.
The open hearth
The open fire was central to cooking throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, and in many rural homes well into the 20th century. Such limited cooking facilities also governed what could be prepared. Stews, joints of meat and puddings were boiled in a cooking pot or cauldron.
Pot ovens were used for roasting meat and baking cakes. Bakestones were widely used to bake oatcakes, drop scones, soda bread, pancakes and griddlecakes (such as Welsh Cakes).
Although the tradition of living off the land survived until a later period in the rural areas, change came with improved roads and modern shopping facilities, not to mention the arrival of fridges and home freezers. Today, the majority of these dishes are mostly eaten on special occasions as 'traditional food'.
Domestic Life in Wales by Minwel S. Tibbott. Published by University of Wales Press and the National Museums & Galleries of Wales (2002).
First Catch your Peacock: A Book of Welsh Food by Bobby Freeman. Published by Image Imprint (1980).
Article Date: 23 April 2007
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A small tinplate screen, found in the industrial communities of both north and south Wales. Small pieces of meat were suspended from the hooks inside the curved, reflecting hood and the whole oven would sit on a trivet (an iron bracket) in front of the fire. It was also possible to bake tea-time favourites such as round cakes, or teisen lap in the shallow drip-tray.


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Edge Of Chaos 1.1
Interesting things happen at the boundary between order and chaos, where the qualities of both states are evident. There is enough order to retain information, and enough chaos to provide variety. A good way to explore this interesting phenomenon is to study a famous cellular automaton called "Conway's Game of Life" which inhabits the edge of chaos region. This screensaver allows you to explore the edge of chaos through the Game of Life.
conway, game of life, cellular automaton, edge of chaos, emergent complexity, ca,
Five Cellular Automata 6.22
Software for exploring five cellular automata: q-state Life (a generalization of Conway's Game of Life), the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction, Togetherness, Viral Replication and Diffusion-Limited Aggregation. The documentation provides a complete description of the algorithms used.
cellular automaton, cellular automata, life, automation, conway, belousov, zhabotinsky, bz, belousov-zhabotinsky, simulation,


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Gwayasdums village is a small community located on Gilford Island. The village is the traditional home of the Kwikwasut'inuxw people, though throughout the historic era a number of groups have used the site as a winter village.
Other Kwakwaka'wakw groups that identify closely with Gilford Island are the Gwawa'enuxw, the Haxwa'mis and the Dzawada'enuxw. These three groups, along with the Kwikwasut'inuxw, formed an informally related cluster of social groupings collectively known as Qui'kwasi ki la or "living inside the mountains". The groups had their own potlatch ring, and they used Gwayasdums as a winter village.
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Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Annotation Semantics Changing for Generics
Annotations are a useful feature that essentially allow you to program the Crack compiler at compile time. They provide the functionality of macros in C plus a whole lot more - you can actually use them to implement your own domain specific languages, if you like.
Annotations are stored in a "compile time namespace." This is separate from the normal namespace that functions, variables and classes live in, but it follows the same resolution rules: annotations are scoped to the lexical scope in which they are defined.
Until now, annotations used in generics were no different from annotations in any other context. When the generic was instantiated with new parameters, it was essentially replayed into the same compile time context (including the same compile-time namespace).
Unfortunately, this approach doesn't work with caching. When a generic is cached, the original compile context is gone. We have to restore parts of that context (notably, the normal namespace) but the contents of the compile time namespace cannot be persisted or restored: it can contain arbitrary objects created by the annotation system, and, in fact, it routinely contains pointers to primitive functions.
The only way to restore the compile namespace of a generic is to replay the original source file it was defined in. This would be contrary to the purpose of caching, and it would also require us to create a dummy environment so as not to actually regenerate existing code and representational datastructures.
Rather than try to go down this path and further delay the 1.0 release, I've decided to impose some limitations on the way that annotations can be used with generics. This was a painful decision: I don't like having non-uniform semantics in the language. Annotations should work the same for generics as for any other code in a module, but something had to give and after discussing it with the team I feel this is the best compromise.
As of this morning's check-in, generics now preserve only imported annotations. So for example, the following code will no longer compile:
_USER_ crack.ann define;
_USER_ my_func() { void f() {} }
class A[T] { _USER_ }
It could be rewritten like this:
_USER_ crack.ann define;
class A[T] {
Note that the symbols defined with _USER_ can be reused -- it's possible for us to replay imports safely. But macros defined with _USER_ must be defined (or redefined) within the scope of the generic itself.


text:
The Inca—Gifts of the Empire
Lecture no. 20 from the course: Lost Worlds of South America
Taught by Professor Edwin Barnhart | 28 min | Categories: The Great Courses Plus Online History Courses
As a glimpse into how the empire functioned so effectively, learn about the Mit'a, a system of labor taxation, noting the services subjects provided to the empire and how they benefited in return. Grasp the Inca's ingenious technology of road building, suspension bridges, and freeze-drying vegetables, and how they eliminated hunger.


text:
Read about roads and look at the pictures of different types of roads on the Wikipedia website.
- What are roads used for according to Wikipedia?
- How old are the oldest roads that we know about?
- Try to write your own definition of a "road".
- In your opinion, what does the road in the poem "The Road Not Taken" represent?


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Assessment of spatial reference points and spatial relations in indoor environments for orientation tasks from natural language descriptions
Cristiane K Marchi Fagundes, Rhaíssa Viana Sarot, Luciene Stamato Delazari
Spatial Relations and Spatial Reference Points have been studied for decades in the areas of cognition, geography, computer science, geosciences and recently, in robotics and artificial intelligence. Moreover, the process of orientation and navigation in outdoor and indoor environments requires a thorough study with Spatial Relations and Spatial Reference Points. However, there are experiments performed with computational resources, by means of simulations or illustrations. Considering this, the objective of this research was the realization of experiments in natural language that considered the human spatial orientation used in tasks performed in people's daily routine in indoor environments. Furthermore, it will contribute to the studies that have considered descriptions of everyday environments performed in daily natural language. The methodology consisted of collecting descriptions that were used to the indoor environment in real routine. Finally, the descriptions were analysed and provided the classification of spatial reference points and spatial relations most expressive in the Brazilian Portuguese language. Thus, these results contributed to the understanding of the process of user's spatial orientation, especially in indoor environments.
Full Text: PDF
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


Holiday Weather
Weather Tenerife north
Last updated:
14 Mar
Local Time: 13:03 WET UK Time: 13:03 GMT
Partly Cloudy
15°c (59°f)
SE 8mph (13kph)
 - Sunrise 07:16
 - Sunset 19:13
 - Moonrise 17:30
 - Moonset 05:41
Temp feels like: 15°c (59°f)
Length of Day: 10h 22m
Humidity: 77 %
Dew Point: 11 °c (52°f)
Pressure: 30.24 " (1024 hpa)
Visiblity: 6.2miles (10.0km)
Average for March: 19°c (66.2°f)
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Weather Overview for Tenerife north
Tenerife North has been a haven for holiday seekers from Europe and other parts of the world since the 1960s. Located at about 300 kilometers from the Atlantic coast of north-western Africa and about 1000 kilometers from the southwestern tip of the Iberian coast, Tenerife North, one of the Canary Islands, is situated north of the Tropic of the Cancer, between latitudes 28° and 29°N and 16° and 17° longitude. Tenerife North enjoys relatively warm weather all year round, which draws millions of holiday seekers to this part of the island.
The geology of Tenerife North and the whole island is generally volcanic in its origin. Mt. Tilde, one of its volcanoes, has been relatively sleepy since its last eruption in 1909. The entire island actually rose gradually from the sea floor by way of volcanic eruption about twelve million years ago.
With its rugged and jagged topography that was slowly shaped through millions of years of volcanic eruptions and erosions, Tenerife North and the whole island boasts fertile soil that has been long utilised for sugar cane planting. The island's varying landscapes generally show a contrasting weather pattern between the relatively cooler Tenerife North and the warm south.
The weather of Tenerife North is in stark contrast to that of the southern part of the island. It is widely covered with a variety of vegetation and pine forests blanketing its mountain ranges. The southern part of the island, on the other hand, has drought-resistant plants because of its semi-arid temperature. The central and northern valleys are covered with sub-tropical forest attesting to the contrasting weather within the relatively small island.
Mount Teide
One of the tourist landmarks of Tenerife North is Mt. Teide with its high snow-covered apex. It is one of the largest volcanoes in the world and the highest in all Spanish territory. Mount Teide rises more than 7,000 meters from the ocean floor. The surrounding part of Mt. Teide is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The snow crested Mt. Tilde divides the north and south of this island and creates the drastic contrast of temperature between the hotter south and the relatively rainy and cooler north.
One main reason why millions of tourists are drawn to Tenerife North is for the warm climate. Tenerife is known as the island of eternal spring. The moderate climate of Tenerife North is conditioned by the trade winds and tempered by the cool gulfstream air currents. The sun almost always shines as the entire island is on the same latitude as the Sahara desert.
The temperature in Tenerife North on the average is around 26-28°C (78.8-82.4°F) during the summer, with a high probability of sunshine throughout the year. Humidity and precipitation is condensed in the north toward the northeast of the island, which will create cloud banks at an altitude of _PHONE_ meters (2624.6-3280.8 ft) along the slope of Mt. Teide.
The Atlantic Ocean's icy sea currents around Tenerife North add some cooling effects to the coastlines and beaches of North Tenerife during summer. The island's landscape and topography greatly influence the weather in the interior parts of Tenerife North especially in the northern valleys.
Erratic weather conditions
The peculiar thing about Tenerife is that the island offers some sort of micro-climatic weather zones, which manifest contrasting weather patterns within the relatively small land area of the island. Tourists can practically choose the climate of their choice by preferring to stay on a certain part of the island.
In direct contrast to the weather of the southern part of the island is that of the northern and northwestern Tenerife where Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Tenerife North are located. These areas receive approximately 73 per cent of all the precipitation in the island. These parts of the island have cloudy skies, rain, and fog, which can be expected any time in the afternoon any time of the year. Weather change on this part of the island can be erratic and is a great challenge to forecast.
Winter in North Tenerife is relatively warm as compared to the northern continental Europe. The temperature during winter months ranges from 20 to 22° Celsius (68-71.6°F). Cooler temperatures are more prominent in the higher slopes of Mt. Teide, plus travelling towards Pico de Teide, there's a gradual change in temperature from warm to moderately cool. Going higher towards the peak, there's a more dramatic change in temperature relative to the altitude. Freezing temperatures can be expected at the higher altitude at certain times, especially, during the winter months. In fact, in the higher altitude, snowfall could be experienced despite the fact that the coasts remain clear and sunny.
Tenerife north?
Link to tenerife_north


text:
Mental, Emotional, Physical Wellbeing in the Classroom and Beyond
Building a Loving World
Loving Classroom delivers Positive Relationship Education (PRE) which identifies and boosts the innate goodness in all students, so that they interact with respect and kindness, and crave the wellbeing and fulfilment of all individuals and humanity.
Loving Classroom's USP (unique selling points) are that it is:
as well as proven/evidence-based.
The programme has been developed over many years by founders David and Naomi Geffen - initially by running workshops on conflict resolution, which led to the realisation that delivering Positive Relationship Education in schools serves as early intervention and prevention of conflict in all its aspects. Loving Classroom was thus born - a bespoke programme, offering the best possible guidance for school students by training their staff.
Our 2022/23 UK Programme
Loving Classroom is delighted to be delivering its curriculum in the following secondary schools:
City of London Freemen's School
Henrietta Barnett School
Hitchin Boys School
Queen Elizabeth's Girls School
Royal School Wolverhampton
Sir William Borlase's Grammar School
Here, UK Director, Sir Anthony Seldon, gives his vision for Loving Classroom:
A Loving World in which individuals and nations care for one another's mental, emotional and physical wellbeing, and thereby work together to cultivate harmony, peace and fulfillment for humanity and our planet.
To train teachers globally to facilitate Positive Relationship Education (PRE: the study and practice of respect, compassion, listening, kindness, gratitude, love, friendship, care…) in their classroom - building a loving world.
Teachers and students cultivating loving classrooms: excellent relationships in the classroom, that are a foundation for excellent relationships at home, the future workplace and between communities and nations.


12 Rates
How to choose the right solvent for cleaning scientific instrumentation
Measuring instruments are typically built to measure a wide range of samples. However, the measuring cell, hoses, and connections must be cleaned after measurement to keep the device in good working condition and make sure the measurement on the next sample delivers correct results.
Choosing the most suitable solvent to clean the measuring cell(s) of a scientific instrument depends on the sample or chemical which needs to be removed from the device. The aim of a cleaning procedure is to leave the measuring device ready to use for the next measurement or experiment.
If the measuring device has a sample changer, the cleaning program can be predefined to automatically use specific solvent combinations and drying times.
Before using a solvent for the cleaning task you need to consider:
 - The type of sample which needs to be removed from the measuring cell
 - Which type of solvent could be used
 - Which order to use the solvents in
Which type of sample needs to be removed from the measuring cell?
Samples have different properties and these properties determine the solubility of the sample in a solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on:
 - physical and chemical properties of the solute
 - physical and chemical properties of the solvent
 - temperature
 - pressure
 - pH of the solvent-solute solution[1]
Deciding which solvent is required to rinse out the sample follows the maxim: "Similia similibus solvuntur" (like dissolves like).
Types of solvent for cleaning scientific instrumentation
Solvents are chemicals. They can be used in their pure form or as mixtures consisting of different solvents. A solvent or cleaning agent can also simply be water mixed with some detergent.
Solvents can be classified into several categories according to their chemical structure and physical behavior[2].
To understand their behavior as cleaning agents, it is important to understand that solvents are either polar or non-polar.
What is a polar solvent?
A polar solvent is a solvent with a high polarity. The polarity of a substance affects its solubility. To determine a substance's polarity you can measure the dielectric constant. The higher the dielectric constant, the higher the polarity of the substance. Water is a polar solvent, which is indicated by its high dielectric constant of 88 (at 0 °C)[3]. Polar solvents are most suitable for dissolving polar samples.
Common polar solvents:
What is a non-polar solvent?
Solvents with a dielectric constant of less than 15 are generally considered to be non-polar[4][5]. Non-polar solvents are most suitable for dissolving non-polar samples.
Common non-polar solvents:
What is a solvent mixture?
Solvent mixtures can have several attributes. They can be polar and non-polar as well at the same time. This ambivalence often helps to dissolve tricky samples easily.[6]
A good example is the ternary mixture used for cleaning in-service oils. Dissolving in-service oils is tricky because the sample itself is a combination of soot, oil, and impurities such as water. Therefore, the solvent requires something to dissolve the oil, something to take out the water, and something so clean the soot. Further, the solvent needs a boiling point higher than 100 °C and lower than 200 °C.
 - To clean the soot > diesel
 - To clean the water > toluene (because toluene and water together make a perfect azeotrope)
 - To clean the oil > also toluene
 - To achieve the boiling point > n-butanol.
 - The perfect ratio is: toluene: diesel: n-butanol = 1:1:1
Read more about the application of this ternary mixture.
Using the right solvents in the right order
Often it is necessary to use more than one solvent, e.g. the first solvent dissolves the sample in the measuring cell and allows it to be removed easily. The second solvent rinses the first solvent out of the cell and facilitates quick drying.
Properties of the first solvent
The first solvent should dissolve the samples completely. This means that the solubility of the sample in the first solvent has to be very high. For example, samples that contain mainly alcohol can be dissolved in water or in more alcohol such as ethanol. Samples that contain fats, such as creams, can easily be dissolved in the solvent naphtha or white spirit. The easiest way to identify the type of solvent that is suitable for the sample to be diluted in is to perform a test as follows:
 1. Take a small amount of sample and put it into a glass vial
 2. Pour the solvent onto it
 3. Observe whether the solvent dissolves the sample within an acceptable period of time.
If the sample aggregates in the solvent, then the solvent is unsuitable.
If the sample starts to dissolve and homogenize in the solvent, then this was a good choice for the sample.
Properties of the second solvent
For the second solvent, it is recommended to choose a solvent that helps to reduce the drying time of the measuring device. Usually this type of solvent has a very low boiling point such as acetone or ethanol. It is also advised to choose a solvent that is not harmful and widely available.
In rare cases it is recommended to use a third solvent as well. In this case, the third solvent should also enhance the cleaning function.
The following table gives an overview about combinations of solvents and samples.
Table 1: Overview of samples and suitable solvents
Suitable solvent for cleaning
Solvent for drying
Alcohols, such as liqueurs and wines, or beer
Soluble in water and/or in ethanol
Ethanol or acetone
The sample has polar properties and is soluble in a typically polar solvent.
Honey and sugary solutions, maple syrup
Soluble in warm water
Ethanol, due to the fact that acetone is typically not allowed in food industry
Sugar dissolves in water better than in alcohol, and if heat is applied as well, then the process can be enhanced.
Waxes of biological or artificial origin
Soluble in non-polar organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, or in a warmed oil (the oil can be a low-viscosity base oil)
Cleaners naphta with a low boiling point or isopropyl alcohol
Waxes are insoluble in water and usually solid; therefore heat is needed to melt them and to properly dilute them in a solvent.
Polymers (for plastics)
Soluble in acids or organic solvent. Highly recommended as the second solvent.
Ethanol only! Ethanol quenches the organic solvent.
Polymer solutions typically aggregate in water; therefore it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's recommendations according to these samples.
Soluble in acetone and ethanol
The sample and solvent have very similar polarity. This behavior is utilized to produce eau de colognes.
Oily flavors
Soluble in acetone and white spirit
Lipophilic samples need non-polar solvents; otherwise they would form suspensions or two-phase systems.
In-service engine oils
Ternary mixture of toluene, diesel, and n-butanol (1:1:1)
Cleaner's naphtha or ethanol
The sample and the sample matrix need special cleaning conditions. Soot is cleaned out with diesel, toluene takes the oil, and the alcohol is responsible for the optimal boiling point
Crude oils
Toluene and/or xylene, either pure or as a mixture
Some cleaner's naphtha
Toluene and xylene are aromatic solvents with a high boiling point and optimal to clean sticky crude oil.
Organic resin
DMSO dissolves many organic compounds easily but it has a boiling point higher than 150 °C. Therefore, ethanol as the second solvent will help to reduce the drying time
Milk or dairy products
Water and some enzymes. Fat-dissolving enzyme solution such as tetrazyme.
Milk or dairy products are water-fat emulsions and they have a natural origin. Therefore, an enzymatic solution is necessary to remove the lipids from the system and ethanol to dry it and carry out a disinfection.
Liquid soap
Water and/or acetone. Water as a pure solvent or as a mixture with the acetone.
Water dissolves liquid soap but also leads to foam. Therefore, the acetone is needed to break the foam and to improve the water's washing ability.
 1. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Solubility. [online] Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017].
 2. Becker, H., Berger, W., Domschke, G., Beckert, R., Fanghänel, E. and Habicher, W. (2004). Organikum. 22nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, p.36.
 3. Malmberg, C. G.; Maryott, A. A. (January 1956). "Dielectric Constant of Water from 0° to 100°C" (PDF). Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 56 (1): 1. doi:10.6028/jres.056.001. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
 4. Lowry, T. and Richardson, K. (1987). Answer book to accompany Mechanism and theory in organic chemistry. New York: Harper & Row, p.77.
 5. Anon, (2017).


Convert SQL Table to Redis Cache Structure
When adding a distributed cache like Redis to a solution, it is important to define the data model and sets in a way that enables us to easily fetched from the cache while maintaining a similar structure to our SQL database to minimize the impact on our client applications. The challenge is to define the approach that can work within the technical specifications of the cache, yet it supports our solution.
Review the SQL Data Model
When building a good model on the cache, we need to understand how the data is retrieved from the database from the client applications. We also need to learn how to leverage the Redis key/value structure to facilitate the same data access. We can practice these principles by looking at a data model from devices that measure telemetry information like temperature and noise.
By looking ate entity above, we can notice that we can query the data/measures from this table by using the date (processed) and deviceId dimensions by using a SQL query like the one shown next:
SELECT [telemetryId]
 FROM [dbo].[Telemetry] (nolock)
 WHERE processed > dateadd(MM,-1, getdate())
 AND deviceId = '0ZA-112'
 ORDER BY telemetryId DESC
We can look at the output of this query to help us understand what data needs to be stored in the cache. However, the first question that comes to mind is how do we do this using Redis? To answer that, let's try to understand how the database is structured and then apply those concepts to Redis.
Data Structure on Redis
To build our data structure on Redis, we first start by mapping the database, schema and table names to a Redis Key that we can use to pull the data. For example, our table is in the database device with a table named telemetry. Using that information, we can create a namespace like device.dbo.telemetry. We can use this namespace to construct our Redis key, or if the schema name is not meaningful (i.e. dbo), we can shorten the namespace by removing the schema name part and use this instead: device.telemetry.
Now that we have a good Redis key, the next challenge is the ability to select the record by deviceId. On SQL server, this is done by doing a lookup for the deviceId column as was shown on the previous SQL statement.
The way we can do this on Redis is by appending the deviceId to our existent key. This generates an extended key that includes the deviceId value with this format device.telemetry.deviceId (deviceId is replaced by the value). By setting this key with the unique value, we can now query the cache for the information associated with a specific device.
How do we query by dates?
The next part of the SQL query predicate enables us to select data by using a date. That gets a bit more challenging since a date range does not match the concept of a key, so we cannot just do device.telemetry.deviceId.datetime as this limits the key to a specific date. However, Redis supports the concept of storing a sorted set or list with a specified key and a score number that can be sorted in an ascending way (older dates to most recent dates).
But what do we need a score when we need to fetch the information by date and time? Well, in programming languages, a date time stamp can be represented as a numeric value in milliseconds. This does enable us to convert a DateTime field into a numeric field and use it as a score within Redis by using the following command.
zadd device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 "my data here"
By storing data with this numeric value/score, we can query the DateTime numeric value by using this command zrangebyscore (or zrevrangebyscore to reverse the order - descending). This command enables us to select data using a date range similar to how we would do in SQL with a between operator on the where clause. The long numbers are just DateTime values that have been converted using the native JavaScipt Date.getTime() API.
zrangebyscore device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 1565379958999
How do we store the rest of the fields/measures?
Now that we have a way to pull data for a specific deviceId and a date range, how do we associate the data with that information? Well, this is done by serializing the rest of the information into a JSON payload and storing it into the cache as a string value. When we add a record to a sorted list with a score, we can associate data with that score as shown next:
zadd device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 '{"telemetryId": 2076,"deviceId": "0ZA-112","temperature": 34.000}'
We can now query all the information within a particular DateTime range for a selected deviceId.
Selecting the data from multiple devices and date range:
What if we want to select the telemetry data for all devices within a particular date range? The answer to this requires us to review our approach. When we add the deviceId to the Redis key, we have set a constraint on the sorted list, and we can only query by the deviceId. The command zrangebyscore does not support the use of wildcard character (*). We can, however, change the key and remove the deviceId. This results in a new key with this namespace: device.telemetry.
By removing the deviceId from the key, we can now run the same operations with a date range, and all the devices that processed information within the date range should be selected. If the data is too massive, we can accept the trade-off of memory usage for performance by creating two sorted sets, one with the deviceId and another one without. This really depends on the particular use case. Always keep in mind, this is a cache, and the data should expire within a time constraint.
It looks like we have done a good job of reproducing our SQL data models into Redis structure that can support the same operations that we do on SQL. We have also been able to work within the specifications of the Redis commands to set our data structure in a format that enables us to retrieve the data with similar operations that we support on SQL.
Originally published by ozkary.com
The https library in Nodejs enables us to make https calls to APIs under SSL/TLS protocols (encrypted channels). When there is a communication problem in the channel, the channel is dropped from the server and the ECONNRESET error is raised on the client-side.
In Nodejs, this exception usually has the following exception detail with code source (this changes with new versions).
{ Error: read ECONNRESET
 at TLSWrap.onStreamRead (internal/stream_base_commons.js:111:27)
errno: 'ECONNRESET',
code: 'ECONNRESET', syscall:'read' }
This error is confusing because it is created by the TLSWrap.onStreamRead which may lead us to think that there is a TLS problem in communication. This is often a case when the client support version TLS 1.1 and the server only has a more recent version like TLS 1.3.
Before we start making all kinds of changes, we need to make sure that when we make a request, we do not leave the request open. When a request is made, we must always call the end() method of the ClientRequest object. This method is inherited (extended in TypeScript) from the WritableStream class.
When we make a request and do not call the end method, a socket connection is left open (internal implementation of HTTPS with TLS writable stream). Since there is not an explicit socket connection sending data to the server, the request will just hang, and the server will eventually just reset the connection thus the ECONNRESET exception on the client.
Take a look at this code snippet with the corresponding operations to terminate the request and handle other possible communication errors with the server. Take notice of the timeout and end operations.
So if you see this error, just make sure to end the request. If this is already done, and the error continues to show, we need to know what version of TLS is supported by the client, so the server can accept the connection properly. Review the secureProtocol option on the http.RequestOption options and read about tls.createSecureContext here.
Thanks for reading.
Originally published by ozkary.com


text:
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in the one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model and its fingerprint in spatial noise correlations
We explore the pairing properties of the one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model in the presence of finite spin polarization. The correlation exponents for the most important fluctuations are determined as a function of the density and the polarization. We find that in a system with spin population imbalance, Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-type pairing at wave vector Q=parallel to k(F,up arrow)-k(F,down arrow)parallel to is always dominant and there is no Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit. We then investigate the case of weakly coupled one-dimensional (1D) systems and determine the region of stability of the 1D FFLO phase. This picture is corroborated by density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations of the spatial noise correlations in uniform and trapped systems, unambiguously revealing the presence of fermion pairs with nonzero momentum Q. This opens up an interesting possibility for experimental studies of FFLO states.


text:
Based in Amersham, UK, BioVacc Consulting Ltd was established in January 2016 with the aim of providing support on Vaccines to the pharmaceutical industry, academia, research organisations, charities, funding bodies and government. We have significant experience in both the human and veterinary vaccine pharmaceutical industries, and our Managing Director, Dr Michael Francis was responsible for the development of successful commercial vaccines for all major pet and livestock (including aquaculture) species. These vaccines utilise both conventional (attenuated and inactivated) and novel (recombinant, subunit, etc.) technologies. This puts us in a somewhat unique position to support and help with a very broad range of vaccine research and development requirements.
Dr Francis has been a Senior Executive within the vaccine pharmaceutical industry with recognised technical and managerial skills, and over 40 years of experience.
Some of Dr Francis's key achievements include:
- Successfully managing the development of many new vaccines for all major veterinary species.
- Developing a first class scientific background in vaccinology, illustrated by an extensive publication record and high level of academic recognition.
- Becoming commercially astute, contributing to international marketing strategy and business development.
- Being a highly effective people manager and team builder, achieving stretch targets in an environment of change.


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A Datomic entity provides a lazy, associative view of all the information that can be reached from a Datomic entity id.
The Entity interface provides associative access to
 - all the attribute/value pairs associated with an entity id E
 - all other entities reachable as values V from E
 - all other entities that can reach E through their values V
Nagivation to other entities is recursive, so with thoroughly connected data such a social network graph it may be possible to navigate an entire dataset starting with a single entity.
The Entity interface is completely generic, and can navigate any and all Datomic data.
The examples below refer to the following example datoms concerning entity 42, a.k.a. Jane Doe.
The Database.entity method will return an Entity, given an entity id or lookup ref:
jane = db.entity(42)
Given an entity, you can then navigate to any of that entity's attributes:
// returns "Jane"
firstName = jane.get(":person/firstName")
The special attribute :db/id provides access to the entity's own id:
// returns 42
id = jane.get(":db/id")
If an attribute points to another entity through a cardinality-one attribute, get will return another Entity instance:
address = jane.get(":person/address")
If an attributes points to another entity through a cardinality-many attribute, get will return a Set of entity instances. The following example returns all the entities that Jane likes:
// empty, given the example data
peopleJaneLikes = jane.get(":person/likes")
If you precede an attribute's local name with an underscore (_), get will navigate backwards, returning the Set of entities that point to the current entity. The following example returns all the entities who like Jane:
// returns set containing John
peopleWhoLikeJane = jane.get(":person/_likes")
Entities do not "exist" in any particular place; they are merely an associative view of all the datoms about some E at a point in time. If there are no facts currently available about an entity, Database.entity will return an empty entity, having only a :db/id.
Laziness and Caching
Entity attributes are accessed lazily as you request them. Once you access a particular attribute, the attribute will be cached for the lifetime of that entity instance.
The Entity.keySet method will return the keys available for an entity, without caching their values.
The Entity.touch method is a convenience that will access and cache all the attributes of an entity. In addition, touch will also access and cache the attributes of any other entities reachable through an attribute whose schema definition includes :isComponent true.
As an example, consider a database of orders, line items, and products. A line item is a component of an order. A product is related to an order, but is not a component of the order. In such a database, touching an order will access the order's attributes, and recursively access all the order's line items. Touching an order will not access the line items' products.
The touch method is a convenience, suitable for interactive exploration, or for when you know that you will need all of an entity's information. When this is not the case, it can be more efficient to be explicit, and ask for precisely what you need.
Note that none of the entity APIs mandate any communication with a server. Entities are lazy values, backed by a lazy database value in an application process. In particular, entities are not subject to the N+1 select problem, which is an artifact of client/server query architectures.
Entities and Time
Entities know the point in time on which they are based. Given an entity, you can access the database on which the entity is based
db = entity.db()
From the database you can then find the database's basisT, the transactions that contributed to the entity, etc.
Entities represent only a point in time, not the database across time. Notice that the "across time" aspect of the database vanishes when making entities.
The point-in-time nature of entities means that entities can be derived from any point-in-time view of a database, i.e. the return values of Connection.db, Database.asOf, Database.since, and Database.with.
Entities cannot be derived from with any time-spanning view of a database, i.e. the return value of Database.history.
Usage Considerations
Entities are always consistent.
Entities are lazy, immutable values. They are thread safe and do not require coordination with any other concurrent uses of the same information.
Entities are based on a point in time of the database. Navigation from an entity will always and only reach other entities with that same time basis, allowing extended calculations to be performed without coordination.
Entities are not a mapping layer between databases and application code. Entities are a direct, mechanical translation from database information to associative application access.
Entities are not suitable for existence tests, which should typically be performed via lookup of a unique identity.