Integrated Building Systems
In a successfully designed project, building systems, materials, and products must be integrated to create a unified whole that achieves the desired functional purpose. An integrated solution results from a design approach that considers the characteristics of each component proposed in the project and searches for opportunities for dual functions or for sharing of volume. This system integration approach represents a paradigm shift in building design and construction fields.
1. Integrated flooring systems in multistory commercial buildings
Most multi-story commercial buildings are very wasteful of the space above the finished ceiling and below the floor of the level above. This is the "sandwich" volume for various building systems such as: structures, HVAC, electrical, communications, plumbing, and fire protection. To make the design process simpler, the design team often allocates an independent volume to each of the systems, a typical example of which is shown in Figure 2. Under the floor, the structural spanning system has been given its own volume, having a horizontal extent equal to the footprint of the building and a vertical dimension great enough to accommodate the deepest spanning beam or truss. Beneath that volume, the HVAC system has been given its own volume, having a horizontal extent equal to the footprint of the building and a vertical dimension great enough to accommodate the largest duct in the system. Beneath that, electric lighting has been given its own volume, having a horizontal extent equal to the footprint of the building and a vertical dimension great enough to allow electric lighting fixtures to be maneuvered and inserted between the T-bars of the hung ceiling. The design process thereby becomes more like volume allocation, rather than system integration. In this process, vast amounts of the 'sandwich' volume are filled only with air.
The North Carolina Wildlife Conservation Commission Headquarters and Exhibition Building was the first project in which an integrated flooring system had been applied to address the above issues. An effective approach to system integration is outlined in the following points: Beams running parallel to the light-admitting wall have a greater obstructive influence in blocking light entering through the wall than do beams running perpendicular to the light-admitting wall. Therefore, it is particularly desirable that the beams running parallel to the light-admitting wall should be kept shallow; Secondary beams are shallower than primary beams, so the secondary beams are run parallel to the light-admitting wall and the primary beams are run perpendicular to the light-admitting wall; The ceiling should be set as high as possible, which means as close to the bottom of the secondary beams as possible. Since the primary beams will be deeper than the secondary beam, this implies that the ceiling must be placed between the primary beams, rather than below the primary beams; Keep the spans of the secondary beams reasonably short, but not so short that there are too many primary beams and too many columns to support the primary beams.
This figure provides a cutaway view, showing how the subsystems are integrated: The floor plenum, with access floor supported on pedestals; A supply air system (shown in red), consisting of: a vertical supply shaft from the air-handling units at the bottom of the building, horizontal manifold ducts, and supply ducts delivering air to the various parts of the floor plenum. Delivering air to remote parts of the floor plenum through insulated ducts assures that the thermally conditioned air gets everywhere without degrading the quality of the thermal conditioning; A cutaway view of the concrete floor deck on top of the secondary beams; A cutaway view of thermal insulation on top of the concrete floor deck. This provides thermal separation between the supply plenum in the floor above and the return plenum in the ceiling below; A cutaway view of the ceiling, which is mounted just below the secondary beams; The steel secondary beams mounted on the top of the steel primary beams; A return-air system (shown in blue), consisting of the ceiling plenum (between the secondary beams), horizontal manifold ducts, and a vertical chase which transports return air back to the air-handling units at the bottom of the building; To facilitate both the free flow of return air above the ceiling and keeping the ceiling high, the primary beams have been placed below the secondary beams. This arrangement allows the air to pass up through the ceiling and then return between the secondary beams above the ceiling.
The building has been occupied for a few years and is the topic of several ongoing post occupancy evaluations. The building has established a reputation as a model of energy efficiency and effective systems integration and has been visited by hundreds of architects, engineers, government officials, and corporate entities who are in the process of commissioning the design of new office buildings.
2. An integrated roofing system incorporating dynamically adjustable, remote shading for daylighting apertures
The existing paradigm for commercial buildings is an opaque flat roof consisting of waterproofing membrane, rigid insulation, and corrugated steel decking supported by steel joists. In this scheme, there is an interstitial volume that houses the various building systems, including: waterproofing, insulation, structure, HVAC, electrical power, communications, plumbing, and fire protection. Often, to make the design process simpler, each system is given its own layer. This uncoordinated layering of systems also makes it extremely challenging to introduce natural light to the building. To get natural light through such a roof, architects often "tunnel" vertically through the interstitial volume, trying to find the small vertical shafts that manage to sidestep all the random systems elements. The resulting "light well" constricts the flow of light and causes major light losses due to the number of bounces that are involved before the light can find its way down through the tunnel and into the occupied space (Figure 1, above). It also selects against light that moves laterally, which means that light entering the occupied space tends to be heading predominantly downward, limiting the coverage of the light. This configuration requires curbing and complex detailing to make it waterproof. These curbs add to the area of the thermal envelope, increasing the unwanted thermal gains and losses. These curbs are structural, involving dense materials that become thermal bridges that undermine the effectiveness of the thermal envelope. The curbs also add to the depth of the light well, further reducing the optical efficiency of the system.
These apertures are typically capped off using glazing that produces an aperture that is effectively horizontal from the point of view of the acceptance of solar radiation. Horizontal apertures have two major advantages: They face the full sky vault, including the part of the sky that tends to be brightest under marginal, overcast conditions, which allows them to gather the maximum amount of diffuse light from the sky; There are many situations where the only available natural light is from overhead. (This will commonly occur in urban environments, with tall surrounding structures, or building sites surrounded by tall trees). However, horizontal apertures have the huge disadvantage that they face upward towards the fierce overhead summer sun. Beam sunlight has about ten times as much heat content as diffuse light from the sky. If the horizontal apertures are sized large enough to admit adequate light from the sky when a cloud is blocking the beam sunlight, when the cloud moves away, there will be an extreme thermal overload. Alternately, if the horizontal apertures are sized small enough to avoid thermal overload when the beam sunlight is on the apertures, then they will harvest only about one tenth of the desired amount of light when a cloud blocks the beam sunlight.
The flat roof paradigm described above has been almost a century in its evolution and is deeply engrained in the standard building design and construction process. It needs to be serious rethought and challenged.
An integrated roofing system incorporating dynamically adjustable, remote shading elements, structure, HVAC and electric lighting is currently under investigation by the research team.The key components of the system are:
 - A Protective Glazing that protects all the other elements of the roof system from wind, rain, snow, ice, and dirt.
 - A light-weight, Insulated Ceiling that is the primary thermal barrier for the roof.
 - Small Daylight Apertures in the insulated ceiling, sized to admit appropriate amounts of daylighting to adequately illuminate the occupied space without creating any thermal overload.
 - Insulated Glazing in the daylighting apertures, to complete the thermal barrier.
 - Remote Shading Elements that track the sun to block the beam sunlight from entering the daylighting apertures. This protects the building occupants from glare and prevents the extreme thermal overload that can result from allowing summer sun to enter the building.
 - An extremely reflective top surface on the insulated ceiling, to reflect away unwanted solar radiation. This surface can be a very light-weight mirror, since it will be protected from exposure to the elements.
This system has several attractive features:
 - It works equally well at all orientations of the building relative to the solar cardinal directions, which drastically broadens its appeal to designers who want to decide the building orientation based on local conditions, such as sight lines or alignment with the street front.
 - It is efficient in harvesting daylight, since the daylight apertures face the entire sky. The apertures in the thermal envelope should be sized to admit ample quantities of light for illumination while avoiding significant thermal overload, which requires an area in the range of 10% to 15% of the roof area.
 - It is 100% effective in protecting the daylight apertures from unwanted solar heat gains.
 - Locating the shading elements remotely from the apertures allows them to block the beam sunlight while blocking very little of the diffuse skylight, which is the target daylight source. This keeps the optical efficiency of the system high. The shading elements should be just


Range Copy Cut Paste « Excel « VBA / Excel / Access / Word
1.Copy method can use an argument that represents the destination for the copied range.
2.To copy a range to a different worksheet or workbook, simply qualify the range reference for the destination.
3.Copying a variably sized range
4.Copy method has one argument - the destination range for the copy operation
5.The Copy and Paste methods
6.Copy a range
7.Moving a range
8.Moving a range: move a range by cutting it to the Clipboard and then pasting it in another area
9.You can move a range with a single VBA statement
10.Copy method can use an argument for the destination range


Food and Nutrition
Does It Matter If Your Dog Eats the Same Thing Every Day? Here's What a Vet Has to Say
True or false: If you ate your favorite food every single day for all three meals, it would very quickly drop off your favorite-food list. Answer: Probably true, and if you're a pet parent, that's likely led you to wondering, "Is my dog totally bored with their food?"
We're guessing that answer is another "probably true" (since eating the same meal year-round doesn't sound very appealing whether you have two legs or four). But the bigger question is, does keeping the same food on repeat impact your dog's health?
According to board certified veterinary nutritionist Joseph Bartges, DVM, PhD, it's technically okay if your dog eats the same food every day, as long as the food is complete, balanced, and has good bioavailability. But, he still recommends opting for variety in your pup's diet regardless because "this prevents them from becoming finicky about food." You heard it here first—your dog gets food boredom, too.
Switching up your dog's food on the reg is called rotational feeding, and it's easier to implement than it sounds—especially if you choose a food that's well-suited for rotational feeding, like ACANA®, which has many different recipes to choose from so you can easily find what suits your canine BFF's palate.
Plus, with each recipe formulated to have a 60/40 ratio of animal ingredients to fruits and vegetables, it also covers off on Dr. Bartges' prerequisite of balance. "ACANA is moderately high in protein and utilizes fresh and frozen raw ingredients to provide a rich nutrient profile to your dog," says Darcia Kostiuk, DVM, senior veterinarian at Champion Petfoods LP.
From wild-caught fish to grass-fed beef (which are available in both grain-free and grains varieties), your dog's dinner options are about to read like the menu at your favorite restaurant—aka, optimal nutrition and no more food boredom for your number one.
The main reasons to consider rotational feeding
Overall, the biggest draw of rotational feeding for dogs is the exact same reason humans mix it up: A wide range of nutrients, flavors, and ingredients equals a well-balanced diet. Plus, "variety is the spice of life," as Dr. Bartges puts it.
And Dr. Kostiuk agrees. "Rotational feeding can benefit your pet nutritionally by providing different kinds and levels of amino acids (remember, they are the building blocks of protein), fatty acids, and fiber from different sources in different diets," she says. "Each [ACANA] formulation is complete and balanced, but different ingredients will bring different nutrient profiles to the diet that your pet can benefit from."
Oh, and if you have a super picky pup? They're actually the prime candidate for rotational feeding, according to Dr. Kostiuk. "Picky dogs would be the type of dog that would really thrive on a rotational feeding schedule because [it] would be meeting what they want: variety," she says.
How to implement it
So how do you do it? Whether you're a new pet parent or a veteran, rotational feeding for dogs doesn't have to be complicated. According to both Dr. Kostiuk and Dr. Bartges, the actual schedule comes down to whatever works best for you and your pet, based on your schedule, budget, and your dog's response.
The goal is true variety—not just switching back and forth between two different types of foods and calling it good, says Dr. Bartges—and Dr. Kostiuk recommends mixing it up every few months.
"Rotational feeding can be as simple as changing your dog's food to a different recipe every other bag, or changing it meal to meal," she says. "You can choose how many different foods you want, and then keep a rotation going based on what your dog likes."
One caveat: Don't just switch them cold turkey at first. "Ensure that you transition over four to five days between formulation changes, but over time the regular diets in the rotation probably will not need the transition period," Dr. Kostiuk says.
For example, if you're switching from ACANA® Freshwater Fish Formula dry dog food to ACANA® Singles Beef and Pumpkin Recipe, start by adding a bit of the Beef Recipe to the bowl of Freshwater Fish, then add more the next day, and so on (here's a step-by-step). For more variety (and to really impress your dog), add in a few of ACANA's nutrient-dense treats. And just like that, food boredom was banished for good.
Photo: ACANA®
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Johannes Reyersz Vermeer (1632 - 1675) MP
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Birthplace: Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands
Death: Died in Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands
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About Johannes Reyersz Vermeer
Johannes Vermeer
Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, using bright colours and sometimes expensive pigments, with a preference for cornflower blue and yellow. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work.
Recognized during his lifetime in Delft and The Hague, his modest celebrity gave way to obscurity after his death; he was barely mentioned in Arnold Houbraken's major source book on 17th century Dutch painting (Grand Theatre of Dutch Painters and Women Artists), and was thus omitted from subsequent surveys of Dutch art for nearly two centuries.[5][6] In the 19th century Vermeer was rediscovered by Gustav Friedrich Waagen and Théophile Thoré-Bürger, who published an essay attributing sixty-six pictures to him, although only thirty-four paintings are universally attributed to him today. Since that time Vermeer's reputation has grown, and he is now acknowledged as one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Life
Relatively little is known about Vermeer's life. He seems to have been exclusively devoted to his art, living out his life in the city of Delft. The only sources of information are some registers, a few official documents and comments by other artists; it was for this reason that Thoré Bürger named him "The Sphinx of Delft".
On October 31, 1632, Johannes was baptized in the Reformed Church. His father, Reijnier Janszoon, was a middle-class worker of silk or caffa (a mixture of silk and cotton or wool). As an apprentice in Amsterdam, Reijnier lived on fashionable Sint Antoniesbreestraat, then a street with many resident painters. In 1615 he married Digna Baltus. The couple moved to Delft and had a daughter, Gertruy, who was baptized in 1620. In 1625 Reijnier was involved in a fight with a soldier named Willem van Bylandt, who died from his wounds five months later. Around this time Reijnier began dealing in paintings. In 1631 he leased an inn called "The Flying Fox". In 1641 he bought a larger inn on the market square, named after the Belgian town "Mechelen". The acquisition of the inn constituted a considerable financial burden. When Vermeer's father died in October of 1652, Vermeer assumed operation of the family's art business.
Marriage and family
In April 1653 Johannes Reijniersz Vermeer married a Catholic girl named Catharina Bolenes (Bolnes). The blessing took place in a nearby and quiet village Schipluiden. For the groom it was a good match. His mother-in-law, Maria Thins, was significantly wealthier than he, and it was probably she who insisted Vermeer convert to Catholicism before the marriage on 5 April. Some scholars doubt that Vermeer became Catholic, but one of his paintings, The Allegory of Catholic Faith, made between 1670 and 1672, reflects the belief in the Eucharist. Walter Liedtke in Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art suggests it was made for a Catholic patron, or for a schuilkerk, a hidden church. At some point the couple moved in with Catharina's mother, who lived in a rather spacious house at Oude Langendijk, almost next to a hidden Jesuit church. Here Vermeer lived for the rest of his life, producing paintings in the front room on the second floor. His wife gave birth to 14 children: four of whom were buried before being baptized, but were registered as "child of Johan Vermeer". From wills written by relatives, ten names are known: Maria, Elisabeth, Cornelia, Aleydis, Beatrix, Johannes, Gertruyd, Franciscus, Catharina, and Ignatius. Quite a few have a name with a religious connotation and it is very likely that the youngest, Ignatius, was named after the founder of the Jesuit order.
It is unclear where and with whom Vermeer apprenticed as a painter. Speculation that Carel Fabritius may have been his teacher is based upon a controversial interpretation of a text written in 1668 by the printer Arnold Bon. Art historians have found no hard evidence to support this. The local authority, Leonaert Bramer, acted as a friend but their style of painting is rather different. Liedtke suggests Vermeer taught himself and had information from one of his father's connections. Some scholars think Vermeer was trained under the Catholic painter Abraham Bloemaert. Vermeer's style is similar to that of some of the Utrecht Carravagists, whose works are depicted as paintings-within-paintings in the backgrounds of several of his compositions. In Delft, Vermeer probably competed with Pieter de Hoogh and Nicolaes Maes who produced genre works in a similar style.
On 29 December 1653, Vermeer became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke, a trade association for painters. The guild's records make clear Vermeer did not pay the usual admission fee. It was a year of plague, war and economic crisis; not only Vermeer's financial circumstances were difficult. In 1654, the city of Delft suffered the terrible explosion known as the Delft Thunderclap that destroyed a large section of the city. In 1657 he might have found a patron in the local art collector Pieter van Ruijven, who lent him some money. In 1662 Vermeer was elected head of the guild and was reelected in 1663, 1670, and 1671, evidence that he (like Bramer) was considered an established craftsman among his peers. Vermeer worked slowly, probably producing three paintings a year, and on order. When Balthasar de Monconys visited him in 1663 to see some of his work, the diplomat and the two French clergymen who accompanied him were sent to Hendrick van Buyten, a baker, who had a couple of his paintings as collateral.
In 1671 Gerrit van Uylenburgh organised the auction of Gerrit Reynst's collection and offered thirteen paintings and some sculptures to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. Frederick accused them of being counterfeits and had sent twelve back on advise of Hendrick Fromantiou. Van Uylenburg then organized a counter-assessment, asking a total of 35 painters to pronounce on their authenticity, including Jan Lievens, Melchior de Hondecoeter, Gerbrand van den Eeckhout and Johannes Vermeer.
In 1672 a severe economic downturn (the "Year of Disaster") struck the Netherlands, after Louis XIV and a French army invaded the Dutch Republic from the south (known as the Franco-Dutch War). During the Third Anglo-Dutch War an English fleet and two allied German bishops attacked the country from the east causing more destruction. Many people panicked; courts, theaters, shops and schools were closed. Five years passed before circumstances improved. In the Summer of 1675 Vermeer borrowed money in Amsterdam, using his mother-in-law as a surety.
In December 1675 Vermeer fell into a frenzy and, within a day and a half, died. Jan Vermeer was buried in the Protestant Old Church on 15 Dec 1675. Catharina Bolnes attributed her husband's death to the stress of financial pressures. The collapse of the art market damaged Vermeer's business as both a painter and an art dealer. She, having to raise 11 children, asked the High Court to relieve her of debts owed to Vermeer's creditors. The Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who worked for the city council as a surveyor, was appointed trustee. The house, with eight rooms on the first floor, was filled with paintings, drawings, clothes, chairs and beds. In his atelier there were two chairs, two painter's easels, three palettes, ten canvases, a desk, an oak pull table, a small wooden cupboard with drawers and rummage not worthy being itemized. Nineteen of Vermeer's paintings were bequeathed to Catharina and her mother. The widow sold two more paintings to Hendrick van Buyten in order to pay off a substantial debt for delivered bread.
Vermeer had been a respected artist in Delft, but almost unknown outside his home town. The fact that a local patron, Pieter van Ruijven, purchased much of his output reduced the possibility of his fame spreading. Several factors contributed to his limited oeuvre. Vermeer never had any pupils and therefore there was no school of Vermeer. His family obligations with so many children may have taken up much of his time as would acting as both an art-dealer and inn-keeper in running the family businesses.


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| In 1938, the Board of Directors of the Texas A&M College authorized the development of an airport at the existing site. The University applied to the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) for certification as a primary flight training school under provisions of the Civilian Pilot Training Program. In 1940, the airport was formally named for Navy Lt. Jesse L. Easterwood. Easterwood was a former student of the College who enlisted in the Naval Air Service in 1917. After being commissioned as Ensign, he was later promoted to Lieutenant in the Naval Air Service and was the second American to qualify as Naval Aviation Pilot. He served with the Royal Flying Corps in 1918 and had to his credit sixteen successful raids behind German lines. He served in three foreign countries and was killed in an airplane accident in the Canal Zone May 19, 1919. He was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously "for distinguished and heroic service as an aviator."
The original facility in 1940 consisted of one hangar and a turf landing strip and taxiway which were eventually paved through funding provided by the CAA, the Works Projects Administration (WPA), and Texas A&M. In 1948 a large hangar was relocated to the airfield from a US Army flying field near Corsicana, Texas. The FAA established a Flight Service Station (FSS) at the Airport in 1951 and Pioneer Airlines began scheduled air service in that same year. Many changes have occurred over the years including moving the Flight Service Station to Montgomery County and Continental Connection and American Eagle now provide scheduled air service.
The first control tower was erected at the Airport in 1952 and a commercial passenger terminal was constructed in 1957. Work began on an extension of Runway 16-34 to its present 7,001 foot length in 1984. At the same time the associated parallel taxiway to Runway 16-34 was also extended. In 1988, work began on improvements to the Airport access road and initial construction of a new passenger terminal began. The new McKenzie Terminal became operational in 1990. Upon completion of the McKenzie Terminal, plans were made to convert the old passenger terminal into a general aviation terminal to meet the needs of these passengers and pilots, including corporate operators that use the Airport. The old passenger facility was remodeled to meet the needs of this segment of the aviation community and re-opened for service in 1994 as a modern general aviation facility, housing line service and support personnel as well as flight operations.
The number of dignitaries and quality events supported by Easterwood far exceeds those of many airports much larger than Easterwood. The airport regularly supports dignitaries arriving for special events at the University or the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum. The airport is only two minutes from the campus or library by motorcade. This proximity to the University makes it especially desirable for visitors. Some of the special activities and guests passing through Easterwood Airport have included:
- Bush Library Opening
Easterwood Airport parked almost 200 private and corporate aircraft on the day of the library opening, the largest number ever at the airport. Special guests attending the library opening that passed through the airport included then President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton, Former President Gerald Ford, Former First Ladies Nancy Reagan and Lady Bird Johnson, Former President and Mrs. Jimmy Carter, Governor and Mrs. George W. Bush, Dr. Billy Graham, and Mr. Newt Gingrich.
- Athletic Events
Big 12 collegiate athletic teams regularly fly into and out of Easterwood Airport, in charter aircraft ranging in size from a King Air to a Boeing 757.
- Former President Bush's Parachute Jump
The airport served as the base for the former president's parachute jump to celebrate his 75th birthday and his 80th birthday.
- Medical Flights
The airport routinely supplies fuel, flight planning, weather and various other needs for Life Flights, Angel Flights, and Military Medi-vac flights.
- Special Guests
Special guests that have been greeted at Easterwood Airport by the Ross Volunteers include:
- Governor George W. Bush
- First Lady Laura Bush
- Former President and Mrs. George Bush
- Prime Minister Tony Blair
- Former Prime Minister John Majors
- Jorge F. Quiroga Ramirez, President of the Republic of Bolivia
- National Security Advisor Condoleeza Rice
- King Mohammed VI of Morocco
- General Norman Schwarztkopf
- Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
- Governor Rick Perry
- Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell
- Reverend Franklin Graham
- Bill Cosby and Jeff Foxworthy, entertainers for First Yell

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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George Auguste Leschot
History of Watchmaking
Birth of Georges-Auguste Leschot in Geneva (where he died in 1884), another pioneer of mechanised production and interchangeable parts.
World population estimated at one billion.
Beginning of the industrialisation era.
Washington became the capital of the United States.
1798. French troops invaded and occupied Switzerland, leading to instauration of the Helvetic Republic. Revolutionary trade legislation was introduced, which disadvantaged watchmaking.


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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Domestic Violence
This module examines the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on the risk of experiencing domestic violence.
Lecture: Welcome Video
This module examines the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on the risk of experiencing domestic violence. The first session introduces the topic and explains the various channels through which the pandemic can give rise to a greater incidence of domestic violence. This includes the additional spent time with potential perpetrators, the worsening labor market conditions, and the deterioration in mental health of individuals. The second session provides a more research–focused attention to the same question, focusing more on the United States. It examines the impact of stay–at–home orders issued by states at different points in time on the risk of experiencing domestic violence. We consider police calls for domestic violence and Google searches for domestic violence hotline. We also provide a detailed account of the project through interviews with my co–authors and research assistants.
- Reading: Alisha Haridasani Gupta and Aviva Stahl, "For Abused Women, a Pandemic Lockdown Holds Dangers of Its Own," The New York Times
- Reading: Caroline Bradbury–Jones, "The Pandemic Paradox: The Consequences of COVID–19 on Domestic Violence," Journal of Clinical Nursing
- Video: The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Real-time Evidence from Private Sector Data
- Video: "What It's Like Working Domestic Abuse Hotline During Pandemic"
- Video: "Protecting Children From Violence In A Pandemic"
- Questions to Consider:
- Why might stay–at–home orders give rise to a greater risk of experiencing domestic violence?
- How would deterioration in mental health of individuals contribute to increases in domestic violence?
- What were the labor market impacts of the pandemic, and why do they matter for domestic violence?
- How do domestic violence hotlines respond during the Covid–19 crisis?
- Why are children in danger of abuse during the pandemic?
- Reading: Amber Peterman, Megan O'Donnell, and Tia Palermo, "COVID–19 and Violence against Women and Children: What Have We Learned So Far?," The Center for Global Development Note
- Reading: Saravana Ravindran and Manisha Shah, "Unintended Consequences of Lockdowns: COVID–19 and the Shadow Pandemic," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper
- Interview: Pinar Keskin, Associate Professor of Economics, Wellesley College
- Interview: Covid and Domestic Violence Research Assistants
- Video: "When "Stay at Home" Isn't Safe: Domestic Violence during COVID–19"
- Video: "Presentation of Preliminary Findings"
- Questions to Consider:
- Why is domestic violence in the U.S. a pressing social, economic, and health problem?
- What are the trends in domestic violence calls to the police in 2020 compared to 2019? Where do we observe a significant break from the previous year, and why?
- How does the decline in mobility of individuals driven partly by shelter–in–place orders affect the domestic violence calls and Google searches for domestic violence?
- Why might Hispanics and foreign–born individuals experience a higher risk of domestic violence during the pandemic?
- How is it possible to get involved in research projects at Northeastern?
- What would you learn from working as a research assistant with a professor at Northeastern?
The goal in this assignment is to use Google trends data to examine the time trends in searches related to domestic violence in different regions across the United States. More specifically, go to Google trends website at _URL_ and search for "domestic violence hotline". Victims of domestic violence may search for this phrase to reach the contact information of the National Domestic Violence Hotline.
In the top panel, you will see the time trend for searches of "domestic violence hotline" for the U.S as a whole. Download this data by clicking on the csv file link on the top of this figure, and save it.
In the bottom panel, you will see the geographic variation across states in the U.S. Select three states from this panel, and click on each of them separately. Then click on the cvs link on top of each figure shown for each state, and download the data.
Using the data you downloaded, make a figure that plots the U.S. average together with the averages for the three states you downloaded. Then search for the dates of first shelter–in–place order for each state, and put these dates as vertical lines on your graph. Explain in writing what you see in these time trends. Do shelter–in–place orders appear to be related to these searches for "domestic violence hotline"? How do the searches for each state compare to the U.S. average? Prepare an essay of 2 pages long.
For a more advanced exercise, write an R code that downloads all of the data for each designated market area in the United States. Merge this with the dates of shelter–in–place orders, and run a difference–in–difference specification to estimate the relationship between these orders and searches for "domestic violence hotline".
- Alon, Titan M., Matthias Doepke, Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, and Michèle Tertilt. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 26947, April 2020.
- Aguero, Jorge M., "COVID-19 and The Rise of Intimate Partner Violence," 2020. Unpublished Manuscript.
- Aizer, Anna, "The Gender Wage Gap and Domestic Violence," American Economic Review, 2010, 100 (4),1847–59.
- _____, "Poverty, Violence, and Health the Impact of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy on Newborn Health," Journal of Human Resources, 2011, 46 (3), 518–538.
- Anderberg, Dan, Helmut Rainer, Jonathan Wadsworth, and Tanya Wilson, "Unemployment and domestic violence: Theory and evidence," The Economic Journal, 2016, 126(597):_PHONE_.
- Baron, E. Jason, Ezra G. Goldstein, and Cullen T. Wallace. "Suffering in silence: How covid-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment," Working Paper, 2020.
- Bindler, Anna and Nadine Ketel. "Scaring or scarring? Labour market effects of crime victimization,"Working Paper, 2019.
- Boserup, Brad, Mark McKenney, and Adel Elkbuli, "Alarming Trends in US Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic," The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020.
- Bradbury-Jones, Caroline. "The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence," Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2020, 29: 2047–2049.
- David Card and Gordon Dahl. "Family violence and football: The effect of unexpected emotional cues on violent behavior," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, 126:1-41.
- Centers for Disease Control, "Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States," Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control, 2003.
- Devries, Karen M, Joelle YT Mak, Claudia Garcia-Moreno, Max Petzold, James C Child, Gail Falder, Stephen Lim, Loraine J Bacchus, Rebecca E Engell, Lisa Rosenfeld et al., "The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women," Science, 2013, 340 (6140), 1527–1528.
- Eswaran, Mukesh and Nisha Malhotra, "Domestic Violence and Women's Autonomy in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, 2011, 44 (4), 1222–1263.
- Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, Cathy Zimmerman, Alison Morris-Gehring, Lori Heise, Avni Amin, Naeemah Abrahams, Oswaldo Montoya, Padma Bhate-Deosthali, Nduku Kilonzo, and Charlotte Watts, "Addressing Violence Against Women: A Call to Action," Lancet, 2015, 385, 1685–1695.
- Haridasani Gupta, Alisha and Aviva Stahl. "For Abused Women, a Pandemic Lockdown Holds Dangers of Its Own," The New York Times, March 24, 2020.
- Leslie, Emily and Riley Wilson, "Sheltering in Place and Domestic Violence: Evidence from Calls for Service During COVID-19," Working Paper _PHONE_, Social Science Research Network 2020.
- Mahmud, Mahreen and Emma Riley, "Household Response to an Extreme Shock: Evidence on the Immediate Impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown on Economic Outcomes and Well-being in Rural Uganda," 2020. Unpublished Manuscript.
- Peterman, Amber, Megan O'Donnell, and Tia Palermo. "COVID-19 and Violence against Women and Children: What Have We Learned So Far?" The Center for Global Development Note, June 2020.
- Ravindran, Saravana and Manisha Shah. "Unintended Consequences of Lockdowns: COVID-19 and the Shadow Pandemic." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 27562, July 2020.
- Ribero, Rocio and Fabio Sanchez, "Determinants, Effects and Costs of Domestic Violence," Bog

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A Gender-Based Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Belize
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a serious public health concern in Belize, where the total number of HIV infections reported between 1986 and 2008 reached 4,680 in a population of only 322,000. There is growing recognition that HIV programs in Belize must identify, monitor, and respond to the distinct needs of men, women, boys and girls. A gendered approach is seen as one of the most effective strategies for reducing vulnerabilities to HIV infection, and enhancing individual and community capacities for coping with the consequences of HIV.
In this report, we present a Gender-Based Analysis (GBA) of HIV/AIDS in Belize. Added analysis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and gender-based violence (GBV) is provided, as they affect biological risks and social vulnerabilities and help inform the GBA of HIV/AIDS. The objective is to explore current epidemiological patterns and trends, access to testing and treatment, health-related outcomes, and various risk factors associated with contracting HIV/AIDS among men, women, boys and girls living in Belize.
Access the full report:


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Vetericyn Wound & Skin Care Hydrogel Spray, 8 oz
Vetericyn Wound & Skin Care Hydrogel Spray is thicker than original Vetericyn. It is designed to slowly evaporate and act as a physical barrier to outside elements, such as dirt and flies, making it great for use on flexing areas, such as ankles and knees. Vetericyn works naturally with the animal's immune system to fight infection and speed healing time. This broad-spectrum formula will not harm healthy tissue. It also helps increase blood flow and wound-healing nutrients to the wound site to speed healing, reduce swelling and itching. Vetericyn is as safe as water so can also be used around the mouth, nose, and eyes.
* Kills bacteria in 30 seconds and reduces healing time by 60%
* Use on minor burns, abrasions, sores, and skin irritations
* 100% biodegradable, non-toxic, and safe for use on all animals.
* Non-staining, do not freeze
* Made in the USA
Directions for use: Shake well before using. Move excess hair from wound area. Clip if necessary. Adjust spray nozzle. Saturate the affected area. If dressing is required, saturate dressing with Vetericyn® HydroGel at each dressing change. Repeat 3-4 times per day until wound is healed. No rinsing necessary. HydroGel is designed to stick to the site of application and evaporate slowly, no need to wipe away film or residue. Faster healing is achieved when wounds are cleaned and maintained moist. Safe for use around mouth, nose, ears and eyes.
Active Ingredients: Hypochlorous Acid (0.010%) Inactive Ingredients: Electrolyzed Water, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hypochlorite, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Phosphates, Sodium Sulfate.


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DEFINITION of 'And Interest'
A slang phrase used when quoting the price of a fixed-income instrument with accruing interest. When revealing the sale price of a bond, a broker or salesman will often express the value as the clean price "and interest".
Also written as "and-interest".
BREAKING DOWN 'And Interest'
For example, let's examine a bond, selling at par, paying an annual coupon of $8, with a par value of $100. It has been exactly half a year since the bond last paid a coupon. If you wish to purchase this bond, the likely quote you will hear is "$100 and interest". The $100 represents the clean price of the bond. The "and interest" is equal to the accrued interest at the time of sale. Since the bond pays a coupon once a year, and half a year has passed, the "and interest" equals $4 ((1/2) x 8).


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Voice shame: Self-censorship in vocal performance
AbstractVoice shame is the uncomfortable feeling of being heard as ridiculous, worthless or 'not good enough'. Voice shame arises when a subject becomes aware of an observer's attention and believes the evaluation to be negative. It causes intensive monitoring of one's vocal expression and of others' perception of oneself. The effects of voice shame are largely hidden, since performers will tend to gravitate towards self-staging strategies that comply with conventions, in order to avoid shame. Worried attempts to prevent shame through self-monitoring and active control of one's voice, body, and impact on others may cause serious difficulties with vocal performance. Voice shame can affect professional and non-professional voice users. Shame is a non-cognitive self-rejection. It presupposes internalized ideals and criteria of quality, learned through interaction with external authorities, such as parents, peers, mass media or music teachers. The self that judges and rejects itself is a product of social interaction; it is situated and reflects the demands and constraints posed by both tacit and explicit cultural values and educational traditions, ideals and methods. Triggers of, and thresholds for, shame differ between individuals, within frameworks that are largely common to members of a given subculture. Based on empirical studies of music students and professional pop, jazz and classical singers, we apply French philosopher Michel Foucault's discourse-theory to the analysis of disciplinary mechanisms among vocal performers. The concept of voice shame is presented as a source of insight into the dynamics of singers' self-regulation, self-staging and self-censorship, and hence as a useful tool for the voice teacher.


Recently Microsoft support has fielded inquiries from several customers asking how to troubleshoot problems that cause delays during the boot and user logon processes on a desktop or laptop. The Windows Performance Toolkit xbootmgr.exe tool works well for troubleshooting boot and startup issues on a single machine. (See "Diagnose Shutdown Problems with Xbootmgr" for more information about using xbootmgr.exe.) But what if you're a large enterprise with thousands of desktops? You need a way to identify problem machines before a user reports them to the Help desk. You need to monitor desktop startup times over time and across the enterprise. And you need a way to collect boot time measurements, similar to those collected by xbootmgr.exe, from every machine for every boot. Here, I'll explain how you can use an event log, the new Windows 7 Event Viewer, and the Wevtutil tool to do these things.
A New Event Log to Aid in Troubleshooting
Beginning with Windows Vista, Windows now includes a new category of event logs: Applications and Services logs. The infrastructure underlying event logging now conforms to an XML schema. You can easily access the XML data for any event. The new event log interface lets you construct XML-based queries against event logs. The Event Viewer gives you to access to the new XML functionality in an easy-to-use graphical interface.
One of the logs in this new category is the Diagnostics-Performance/Operational log. This log contains events that record performance measurements similar to those provided by xbootmgr.exe. In fact, the data recorded is generated by the same mechanisms that Xbootmgr uses. Event IDs 100 through 110 record boot and startup performance statistics.
Using the Event Viewer in Windows 7
The new Event Viewer in Windows 7 lets you do more powerful filtering. The new UI lets you specify ranges of events. Under the covers, it builds the XPath query to filter out the events based on the criteria you specify. Figure 1 shows how you can filter for events 100 through 110. Figure 2 shows the XML version of the same query parameters. We're interested in Event ID 100 for the purposes of measuring the boot performance. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the normal and XML views for event 100.
The XML presentation of the event contains a lot of interesting information. The BootTime value represents the number of milliseconds that elapsed from the time the system booted to the point after the user logged in that the system reached 80 percent idle for 10 seconds. The other time values listed represent the elapsed time for various stages during this boot process. You can find more information about the stages of the boot process in the Windows On/Off Transition Performance Analysis white paper.
The other boot performance events record information about specific events that contributed to delays during the boot/startup sequence. The trick is how to know which boot instance these messages belong to. This is where the ActivityID come in handy. In Figure 4, you'll see the following in the XML data:
All events related to this boot instance in this Event 100 record have this same ActivityID. By performing the following steps, we can use this information to create a more complex filter:
1. Click Filter Current Log… in the Actions Pane of Event Viewer.
2. On the XML tab, check the box Edit query manually, then answer Yes when prompted to continue.
3. Enter the following XML text into the query box:
4. Click OK.
Figure 5 shows a total of three events for this ActivityID. We can now examine these events to understand the problems that contributed to any boot/startup delays.
Collecting Data with Wevtutil
So far we've looked at only one boot instance. How do we collect data for all boot instances? By using Wevtutil, a Windows command-line tool for querying the Event logs. Using the following example, you can extract all the Event ID 100 records from the event log on a system:
wevtutil qe Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Performance/Operational /rd:true /f:xml /q:"*\\[System\\[(EventID = 100)\\]\\]" /e:Events > boot.xml
This creates an XML data file that contains all instances of the boot performance event for a machine. With each ActivityID, you could then query for the other related events. For example, the following query extracts the same three event records we saw in Figure 5:
wevtutil qe Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Performance/Operational /rd:true /f:xml /q:"* \\[System\\[(Correlation\\[_USER_='\\{00000001-0000-0000-1020-5CA87BB1CA01\\}'\\])\\]\\]" /e:Events > bootrelated.xml
Wevtutil.exe has many more options. Run the utility without any parameters to see a list of available options. For more information, see the MSDN article "Event Queries and Event XML." And for more information about learning XPath to define event queries, see XPath Syntax and XPath Examples.
Putting It All Together
Once you have the event data in XML format, it's fairly easy to extract the most interesting data points. Figure 6 shows some sample data I collected from one machine. In this example, I converted the time values to seconds. Differences in the number of applications that start at boot time could be significant when you're investigating changes in performance. With historical data like this, you can now begin to do some trend analysis. For example, this system was built on 1/13/2010. Application installations and configuration changes continued over the next couple of days. By 1/21/2010 the configuration changes had been completed. After that, the BootTime value was averaging about 124 seconds. However, notice that on 2/4/2010 and 2/9/2010 the times were significantly longer than average.
Extending the Value
Now that we have an automated way to extract the event data in XML form, we can collect this data periodically from multiple computers and store the results in a database. Using some simple reporting, it's easy to do trend analysis. A complete enterprise solution will require more code development and data management, but it's feasible. And that's exactly what one of my largest customers did.
Using a VBScript program I wrote, the customer collects event data into a SQL Server database. They've used this data to establish some baseline statistics for their desktop image build. They can pivot this data based on the hardware (e.g., memory, CPU, model) and software configuration. Using SQL Server Reporting Services, the customer built a dashboard view that displays the boot-time health status of all desktops in the enterprise. With specific reports, they can compare this baseline to new data collected after deploying new group policies, new security tools, or a hardware upgrade. They also use this data to proactively identify machines that take longer than the average baseline. This information allows IT to address issues before users call the Help desk, reducing the time to resolution and making end users happier.
Sean Wheeler ( is a senior premier field engineer in Microsoft's Premier Support team, assigned to support some of the largest enterprise customers. He is one of the original creators of the MPS Reporting tool. He specializes in scripting, debugging, and performance-related issues.


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OCUFA is concerned about the erosion of democratic, transparent, and accountable collegial governance practices at Ontario's universities as they respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. With it becoming abundantly clear that universities will not be able to return to their usual operations in the foreseeable future, some administrations are foregoing their responsibility to respect the shared governance structures of their institutions and, instead, are making academic decisions without the involvement of senates and academic councils or proper consultation with faculty.
OCUFA appreciates the priority university administrations have placed on protecting the safety and health of members of the campus community while determining how best to wrap up the winter term. In the past few weeks, universities have had to take many unprecedented emergency measures and implement swift changes to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as institutions shift to making longer-term decisions about their academic and operational activities for the summer and fall terms, they face challenging decisions about how to carry out the teaching and research that is core to their purpose. OCUFA is extremely worried by the unilateral and non-consultative approaches some administrations have engaged in to make these decisions. These approaches have seen the voices of faculty ignored, undermining the collegial governance processes that are vital to the effective operations of Ontario's postsecondary institutions.
Ontario universities pride themselves in their shared model of governance, where voices of members of the campus community are heard and decisions are made through democratic, transparent, and accountable collegial processes. Therefore, it is very concerning that some administrations are undermining these principles by ignoring their obligation to follow proper procedure and respect the long-standing decision-making structures of their institutions. Given the technological capacities of our universities that render remote meetings possible, there is no justification for excluding faculty voices by circumventing critical governing bodies and processes. As the OCUFA policy statement on collegial governance clearly states, "while postsecondary institutions need to change to adjust to changing political, social, economic, and cultural conditions, these changes need to be determined and implemented through collegial processes that involve the meaningful participation of faculty, staff, and students."
Respecting these foundational decision-making structures is not just an exercise in democratic accountability, but the most effective way for universities to address the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is only through the collective wisdom and efforts of all members of the campus community that Ontario's universities will be able to chart a path forward that maintains the quality of education and research. As more information becomes available about future enrolment and university revenue, and as further decisions need to be made about course delivery, research, student support, and campus safety measures, administrations must engage with faculty through existing collegial governance structures to ensure that all decisions with academic implications are made by senates or equivalent bodies.
Public universities exist to create knowledge, educate, and serve the common good. As postsecondary institutions continue to respond to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vitally important that the safety of the campus community is prioritized. However, universities must not use this pandemic as an excuse to ignore their democratic, transparent, and accountable collegial governance structures. University administrations must respect collegial governance and the voices of faculty.
Ontario's universities have a vital role to play in helping the province navigate this pandemic, but it is only by working together that we can effectively guide our institutions towards a future where the vibrant energy of students and faculty returns to our campuses.


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The Biblical Quotations in the Old Georgian Translations of The Hexaemeron of Basil of Caesarea
This article addresses the issue of the provenance of the Biblical passages cited in two Georgian translations of the Hexaemeron of St. Basil the Great. Specifically, it focuses on procedures adopted by the translators of Basil's work, namely whether they used any of the surviving Georgian versions of the Holy Scriptures, provided their own rendering, or if the quotations of their translations were taken from a hitherto unknown Georgian recension of the Bible. Finally, this article emphasizes the importance of studying the Biblical passages cited in the Old Georgian translations of the Hexaemeron for a better understanding of the history of the Georgian translation of the Holy Scriptures.


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Making Good Habits
So you're ready to make your wearable and you are going to start sewing with conductive thread, that's great! But you need to make sure you have these things done before getting to that point:
 - Pick the right Conductive Thread
 - Draw out the circuit and triple check the orientation of each component.
 - Test your hardware and software before sewing them into a circuit that's difficult to correct.
 - Do not cross threads in a circuit unless you take protective measures - crosses will create a short.
Conductive threads
There are several different conductive threads, but the main two types in textile projects are silver-coated nylon, and stainless steel thread made entirely of stainless steel.
Silver-Coated Nylon
Silver-coated nylon has a base of nylon, so it is most like regular thread when hand sewing the conducitve thread.
 - Easy to work with due to flexible nylon core
 - Cannot be soldered - the nylon base will not survive
 - Varying amounts of resistance in different silver threads so this will need to be checked
Stainless Steel Thread
Stainless Steed thread is spun out of real steel fibers.
 - Reliably low resistances
 - Can be soldered
 - The steel fibers grab onto fabric easily, so there is some skill involved to keep it untangled
Draw Out Connections Before Sewing
Once you start a project that has more than one or two components, drawing out your circuits becomes especially important. You can use these steps to draw it out:
 1. Lay out all the parts you're going to use on a blank piece of paper.
 2. Do any research you need in order to determine which pins should be connected.
 3. Draw the connections in the best way to minimize any crossing threads so that you have a guide to follow while you sew the components.
If you are using two different sides of fabric, (ie. a shirt with LEDs on the front, and the processor concealed on the other side of the fabric) make sure when you draw out your circuit that all components are oriented in the way they will be sewed.
I recently thought myself bulletproof with a wearable. I followed the golden rule of testing my program with hardware that I use for testing, and put brand new components into a circuit that was made with love, needle pricks, and a lot of time. I took extra time with every stitch to conceal my hardware and make everything look seamless, and did not test anything until every stitch was completed. When I went to upload my program, nothing worked and I had to trace back through my circuit and undo stitches and components until I was back to a working condition.
Always test the exact hardware that's going into your project so you don't end up getting frustrated and ditching your project! As you build your projects, try to plan simple tests along the way to get progress updates so you know when and where issues are if they occur. For example, if you are using 10 RGB LEDs in your project, test after each one is sewn into the circuit so you know if there are any shorts or other problems.
Get cables to simulate your threaded connections, and test test test.
Crossing Stitches without Shorts!
If you come to a point where you still have crossing stitches, there is a safe workaround.
 1. Make all the stitches necessary for the first thread.
 2. Find a spare piece of fabric.
 3. Sew the spare fabric on top of the first thread using regular thread that is not conductive. Make sure to note where the bottom fabric is mentally or by drawing it on the extra fabric.
 4. Keeping in mind where the first thread is sewn, sew the second thread on top of the extra fabric that is protecting the first thread.
Ta-da! Now you can build any circuit without worrying about shorts from unavoidable thread crossings!
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Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide
Configuring the Appearance of the Toolbar
From the settings in the Toolbar Options dialog box, you can change the appearance of the Toolbar buttons (as icons or with text), determine which buttons display, and set the order in which they are displayed.
By default, the following commands appear as icons: Delete; Next; Previous; Reply, Include Message; Forward; New Message; Print One; Open Mailbox; and Reply.
To Customize the Toolbar
 1. Choose Toolbar from the Options menu.


Mar 16, 2014
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RSS By: Farm Journal Agronomists, Farm Journal
How Can I Estimate Corn Yield Potential?
Jul 12, 2011
Question: I have seen some information you had that shows how to estimate corn yield potential. Can you provide that again?
Answer: Here's the basic formula, and I'm also including a chart that shows how to estimate corn yield potential under various row spacings.
If you're in 30-inch rows, use a tape measure to mark off 17 feet 5 inches in a row of corn.
average ears x average rows around x average kernels long = Yield
I've inserted some actual ear, row and kernel numbers in the formula here to give you an example:
32 x 16 x 35 = 199 bu/acre
I would encourage you to implement this practice in four or five different locations within each field, and then average the numbers, to arrive at a fairly accurate result.
Keep in mind the formula does not take into consideration kernel depths. Based on weather conditions during kernel fill you may increase or decrease your yield by 5 to 10 percent.
As you evaluate plant stand numbers and ear counts, consider that you can benefit from getting those two numbers to more closely align with each other.
While the number difference between plant stands and ear counts cannot be eliminated, it can be minimized. In a corn-soybean rotation, the difference between the two would ideally be no more than 1,200. In corn-on-corn, with heavy residue conditions, the ideal difference between the two would be 2,000 or less.
Table 1. Length of row to equal 1/1000th of
an acre for various row widths
Row spacing
Row Length
13 feet 1 inch
13 feet 6 inches
17 feet 5 inches
23 feet 9 inches
34 feet 10 inches
*Information provided courtesy of University of Minnesota Extension Service.
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The Home Page of Agriculture


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Jun 24, 2011 / ENERGY GLOBE Award
Project presentation - "Learning from and with nature"
The rural community of La Soledad in the province of Salsa in northwest Argentina is battling poverty and malnutrition. It is not easy to learn with an empty stomach.
Teachers at the school La Soledad know this as well. Therefore they want to provide food for their pupils. However, the school and its dormitory are quite remote and everything has to be delivered on horseback. The solution is farming as part of the curriculum. Under the title "Learning from Nature" the school became nutritionally self-sufficient.
The school's own farm now grows fruits, spices and vegetables, raises seedlings and keeps honeybees and livestock (pigs, poultry, rabbits, …). The students also handle processing of the foods together with their teachers and project initiator Ana Trabucco. Other elements of the project include recycling of biowaste as fertilizer and solar energy production.
Thus the children learn by experience how biological systems work and simultaneously create the basis for successful graduation: Regular, balanced school meals have profoundly improved school performance.
More information: _URL_


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(**) Gray codes.
An n-bit Gray code is a sequence of n-bit strings constructed according to certain rules. Find out the construction rules and write a predicate with the following specification:
% gray(N,C) :- C is the N-bit Gray code
gray :: Int -> [String] gray 0 = [""] gray n = let xs = gray (n-1) in map ('0':) xs ++ map ('1':) (reverse xs)
A similar solution using list comprehension to build the sub-lists:
gray :: Int -> [String] gray 0 = [""] gray n = [ '0' : x | x <- prev ] ++ [ '1' : x | x <- reverse prev ] where prev = gray (n-1)
The Gray code can be recursively defined in the way that for determining the gray code of n we take the Gray code of n-1, prepend a 0 to each word, take the Gray code for n-1 again, reverse it and prepend a 1 to each word. At last we have to append these two lists. For more see the Wikipedia article.
Another completely different solution (using folds) that is way more efficient, because it needs just the space which is occupied by the list itself:
gray :: Integral a => a -> [String] gray 0 = [""] gray n = foldr (\s acc -> ("0" ++ s):("1" ++ s):acc) $ gray (n-1)
The key is that the algorithm just crawls one time over the input-list and uses the (++) operator in a way that it just has a running time of O(1).


Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Statue of a figure with a large basin
Late Canaanite period, 15th-13th century BCE
H: 110; W: 90; Diam: 78 cm
Israel Antiquities Authority
Accession number: IAA _PHONE_
This statue was found in the throne room of the palace/temple at Hazor. It shattered into hundreds of fragments in the fire that destroyed the city. Though nothing like it has come to light anywhere in the Near East, its style bears a clear link to Syrian and Hittite art. The basin suggests it was used in a religious rite.
The figure wears a pendant in the shape of a crescent with an eight-rayed star, symbols of a prominent deity. However, there is no way of telling whether it represents a god or a ruler.
Beliefs and Believers; Ancient Art from the Israel Museum, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 31/05/2007 - 05/11/2009


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Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum
Where did Eurasian watermilfoil come from?
- Native to Europe, Asian, and northern Africa, Eurasian watermilfoil invaded North America in the 1940s.
- Eurasian watermilfoil has been reported in 33 states including Kansas.
- Eurasian watermilfoil has been discovered in Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Yates Center Reservoir, Lebo City Lake, Scott SFL, Antelope Lake, Clark SFL, Ottawa SFL, Washington SFL, Mined Lands #1, 7, 12, 27, Sheridan SFL, Cowley SFL, Lonestar Lake, Edgerton-Bridgewater Lake, Lake Shawnee, Topeka-Governor's Ponds, and Buffalo Park Pond in Wichita.
What does Eurasian watermilfoil look like?
- Stems branch near water surface.
- Eurasian watermilfoil has small reddish flowers above the water surface during mid-summer.
- 3-5 feathery leaves arranged in whorls (circles) on stems.
- Each leaf has 12-21 leaflet pairs (native watermilfoil has 5-10 leaflet pairs)
- Found in waters less than 20 feet deep generally in dense mats
Why is Eurasian watermilfoil a problem?
- Eurasian watermilfoil forms dense mats on the water's surface.
- The dense canopy can out-compete and eliminate native aquatic vegetation.
- The dense canopy hinders recreational activites.
How is Eurasian watermilfoil spread?
- Milfoil spreads when plant pieces break off and float on water currents.
- It can cross land to new waters by clinging to boats, trailers, and fishing gear.
- Remove all vegetation from boats, trailers, and all recreational equipment before leaving a lake.
How do we control Eurasian watermilfoil?
- It is nearly impossible to eradicate an established infestation but chemical treatment shows promise.
- Early detection of isolated populations may help prevent their spread. Your help to report new sightings and to prevent their spread is vital.
What do I do if I find Eurasian watermilfoil?
- If you discover Eurasian watermilfoil note the date and location, and contact your local Kansas Department of Agriculture office, the Emporia Research Office at _PHONE_, or email the Aquatic Nuisance Species Coordinator.
Eurasian watermilfoil links:


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Published: 31 October 2012
UQ research leads to smarter sewage management
Scientists from UQ's Advanced Water Management Centre have found a way to curb the cost – and smell – of sewage transportation.
Professor Zhiguo Yuan said bad smells were only one cost of transporting sewage.
"Bad pipes caused by hydrogen sulfide corrosion are another more noxious side-effect that costs the Australian water industry around $100 million a year," Professor Yuan said.
"Our plan is to change all that by applying to the pipes a once-a-week dose of environmentally friendly free nitrous acid (FNA).
"This will be good for both the environment and our senses."
Currently, expensive chemicals are used to deal with the inevitable smells and corrosion caused by unwanted biofilms that grow on the surfaces of wastewater infrastructure.
Apart from the cost of the chemicals, the existing "solutions" create further problems in the sewage treatment and reclaiming process, as it becomes yet another chemical to be neutralised.
"Our challenge was to find an affordable chemical that didn't harm the environment," Professor Yuan said.
The FNA kills the organisms that create the smells and corrosion, and is then removed itself by the microbial community living within the sewage pipes.
"The pipes won't rot, nor will they smell, and should actually last the 100 years they were designed for, instead of the sometimes only 10 years they currently do," Professor Yuan said.
Building on work conducted over the past decade, Professor Yuan and his team of engineers and microbiologists recently made the ground-breaking discovery that, at parts per million level, FNA is a strong biocidal agent, causing cell-death and biofilm disintegration.
"This was a very exciting breakthrough and allows us to turn our technology into a valuable business," he said.
UniQuest is managing the commercialisation of the FNA technology under the start-up company, Cloevis Pty Ltd.
Cloevis and the research team have recently demonstrated the technology in a real sewer line in southern Queensland and are now looking towards further commercial trials of the technology in both Australia and the US.
The research team is also looking at how FNA can be adapted for the control of other types of biofilms.
For the reseach team:
Professor Zhiguo Yuan (07 3365 4374, _EMAIL_) or Sandra Hall (07 3346 7209), _EMAIL_)
For Cloevis Pty Ltd:
Tony Keating (07 3365 4037, _EMAIL_)
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- Ground-breaking Australian study benchmarks biofuel pricing
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Excavations at historic Borestone site at Bannockburn
7 December 2011
Archaeologists are continuing preliminary investigations at the site of the new visitor centre for the Battle of Bannockburn.
Following earlier excavations in October, the team are digging for the position of the Borestone where Robert the Bruce raised his banner before the battle of Bannockburn in 1314 where the Rotunda now stands.
The Rotunda, built in 1964 to mark the 650th anniversary of the battle, is badly in need of repair and structural engineers are assessing the work required. As part of the project a full Conservation Plan was completed for the rotunda by the conservation architect Andrew Wright.
Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs Fiona Hyslop said:
"The work to create a new visitor centre at the site of the Battle of Bannockburn is continuing well with this second round of archaeology ensuring that nothing of importance is lost during the building work.
"We may still be some way off the opening in time for the 700th anniversary in 2014 but it is vital that we push ahead with this work to preserve any remaining archaeology and use these findings to add to our understanding and reflect it in the state of the art interpretation that will make this centre a world-class attraction.
"The new centre will just be the latest commemoration of this incredible site and this particular series of excavations is hugely interesting because it is looking at the legacy of the site as a memorial and the way that people have memorialised and interacted with it throughout the centuries. "
The new centre has been designed by award-winning architects Reiach and Hall as part of the project to enhance the presentation of the battle and its significance to our history in time for the 700th anniversary of the battle in 2014.
In addition to the Rotunda, the site is also the focus for other memorials to the battle: the famous Pilkington-Jackson statue of Bruce, a cairn built in 1957, and the flagpole erected in 1870.
Derek Alexander, Head of Archaeological Services for the National Trust for Scotland, said: "The first memorial to the battle was in fact the Borestone itself: a flat stone with a circular hole 4 inches in diameter and 4 inches deep. Tradition has it that the Borestone was the socket in which Robert Bruce, King of Scots, raised his standard prior to the battle and marks the site of the Scots camp. The site has been visited by tourists since the 18th century, including Robert Burns, and an engraving of 1826 shows it beside the road in an open rural landscape.
"We are hoping that in addition to the position of the Borestone we may find objects dropped or even deliberately placed and left by visitors to the site over the last couple of hundred years – it certainly worth investigating."
Over the years numerous visitors chipped off parts of the Borestone, to take home as souvenirs, and by the middle of the 19th century the fragments had to be protected by an iron grille set into a low stone wall and the site was staffed by a custodian.
During the building of the rotunda in the 1960s the precise location of the original Borestone was cleared and re-surfaced and the last two fragments transferred into the new visitor centre for safe-keeping.
The current archaeological investigations are looking for the site of the original Borestone itself, which may be marked by a bed of mortar. Another trench will also be excavated over one end of the 19th century custodian's hut. In both trenches it is hoped there may be artefacts dropped by visitors to the site over the last 300 years.
The proposal for the new visitor centre was announced in 2009 with £5m funding from the Scottish Government. An application for £3.8m has received a stage one pass from the Heritage Lottery Fund with a final decision hoped for early in 2012.
2014 will be a huge year for events in Scotland – as well as the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn, Scotland will also play host to the Commonwealth Games and The Ryder Cup.
Notes for editors:
- The Battle of Bannockburn Project is a joint venture by the National Trust for Scotland and Historic Scotland, on behalf of the Scottish Government, to provide a new visitor centre and experience for one of the most significant battles in Scotland's history for the 700th anniversary in the 2014.
| ||Architectural Team – Reiach and Hall with Sinclair Knight Merz (Engineer), Turner and Townsend (QS) and KJ Tait (M&E Engineers)
| ||Interpretation consultant – BrightWhite
| ||Landscape Architects – Ian White Associates
| ||Digital Design - Centre for Digital Documentation and Visualisation (CDDV)
- Historic Scotland is an executive agency of the Scottish Government charged with safeguarding the nation's historic environment. The agency is fully accountable to Scottish Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament.
- The National Trust for Scotland is one of Scotland's leading conservation charities, which relies on the financial support of its members to fund its important work of caring for the natural and cultural heritage of Scotland for everyone to enjoy _URL_


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A new educational concept, to train riders and horses.Tested and used by Michel Robert for a number of years, Flexy Jump poles have become the indispensable work aids to train his horses and his pupils. Price for a lots of 3 Flexy Jump In stock
A new educational concept, to train riders and horses.Tested and used by Michel Robert for a number of years, Flexy Jump poles have become the indispensable work aids to train his horses and his pupils.
Size: 10X10 sectionlength: 3m Weight: 1,5 kg
Materials used Foam pole covered by a high-resistance plastic covering, hermetically sealed.
YellowBlue- Red
Orange - Blue - Green
Using Flexy Jump poles Flexy Jump poles are used to train horses and riders. They are very versatile: Using Flexy Jump poles :. To rapidly build a ground course. To indicate the strides between jumps. To cadence the horse at the different gaits, and to adapt the strides very easily. To use as distance poles in front of, and behind jumps. To channel horses by drawing guides before and after jumps, or on a given line during flatwork. Set up on cones to close in a jump, or allow the lunge rein to slip over while on ground work. Placed in a "V" on traditional poles to help the horse to jump straight. To set up corners or a precise route during flatwork…
Flexy Jump advantages. Safety: built of a very supple foam material, Flexy Jump poles avoid the traumas linked to shocks with traditional wooden poles. Horses can walk on, or land on Flexy Jump poles without the slightest risk, thus allowing for a greater variety of educational set-ups. The noise and the motion provoked by the falling pole are sufficient to ensure discomfort, which increases the horse's carefulness while respecting its physical integrity.. Multifunction: Flexy Jump can be used in a very wide scheme of planning (see paragraph "uses"). Lightness: their light weight ensures a remarkable ease of use, including when the rider is alone, and has to change the poles while holding the horse on one hand.. Solidity: made of a non-rotting substance, Flexy Jump poles can spend time in water or mud without any deterioration. They need no maintenance.
Information and orders off-site _EMAIL_


View Full Version : R1b1b above the "Limes"!?
23-02-15, 18:49
What are the roots of E1b1b (E-V13) living above the so called "Limes" (border of the Roman Empire)?
Eb1b above that line is not more than 3%. That is not much but one out of 33 can not be neglected.
On the internet and in the literature I see three theories about it:
E1b1b are Neolithic farmers who brought agriculture to the North. In Northern Europe this didn't went sudden but more gradual. The famers lived along the huntergatherers and finally mixed with them. Others have stated that this could not be the case because E1b1b expended from the Balkan not earlier than in the Bronze Age (Dienekes weblog).
The Roman theory from Steven Bird in which troops from the Balkan where due to higher E1b1b scores in Wales and parts of England. This can be a factor for these particular areas. But above Hadrian's Wall or the Rhine the Romans had no permanent stay. This makes the chances a lot smaller for Roman-German intermarriages than in their strongholds.
E1b1b is a Jewish heritage. This can partly be the case. But I've read that for 80% of the E1b1b Europeans this is not the case. Jewish are frequently represented in specific branches of E1b1b.
In my personal Y-DNA matter is my oldest known grand father Haye Jans most probably a farmer and/or sailor who lived in the seventeenth age in Wartena in the heart of Frisia. In this area is R1b-U106 (and some I1) way out dominant. So E1b1b (or E-117 or E-M35 or E-V13) dazzles me a bit. The closest match is with someone rooted in Sicily.... a remarkable fact (a nice Frisian-Sicilian combination:laughing:
Who can make me a little bit wiser?
Thanks in advance!
23-02-15, 19:06
Excuse me it's E1b1b above the Limes in stead of E1b1b


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The Together Trust offers a range of educational services for young people and adults with multiple and complex learning disabilities including autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and complex emotional difficulties.
All services are accessible to young people across the UK.
Inscape House School
Inscape House School is a non-maintained day special school in Cheadle, Cheshire. We take referrals from all over the UK. Our school can meet the needs of children and young people aged 5 to 19 years with autism spectrum conditions and related social communication difficulties. Inscape is operated by the charity the Together Trust.
Young people within the autism spectrum share a pattern of differences affecting social understanding and social skills, communication and social imagination. We believe that each young person has individual strengths which can be harnessed to support their learning.
We believe that the following, makes all the difference?
- Skills and strategies.
- Personalised approaches.
- Shared Understanding.
- 'Power with' approaches.
- Independent and valued citizen.
This response starts with attempting to see the world from their perspective and from there, teaching them skills and strategies to cope with the demands of everyday life.
Skills: Things the person has learned to do independently in any aspect of their lives.
Strategies: Things that help the person to learn and maintain skills.
Crucially, strategies need to be 'owned' by the person with autism and should reduce dependency on staff 'telling' them what to do.
In doing this, we work in close collaboration with families, appreciating that parents and siblings have a unique understanding of the young person with autism.
Some students may contribute using signs and symbols or photographs and video, others may play an active role in their annual reviews. We also have a very active student council with representatives from every class.


Hazeez Name Meaning
Hazeez is a Muslim Boy Name. Hazeez name meaning is Strong. It has multiple Islamic meaning. The name is originated from. The lucky number of Hazeez name is 4.
Name Hazeez
Meaning Strong
Gender Boy
Lucky Number 4
Religion Muslim
Lucky Days Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday
Lucky Colors Golden, Orange, Red
Lucky Stones Peridot
Lucky Metals Copper
Hazeez Name Meaning and History
Hazeez is a Muslim Boy name Acording to Numerology Predictions, lucky number for Hazeez is 4. Hazeez name meaning in english are Strong.
People believes to have their Lucky Days according to their names, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday are Favourable and Lucky Days for name Hazeez and lucky metals are Copper for Hazeez name holders.
Lucky colors for Hazeez are Golden, Orange, Red and Hazeez name is famous in our names dictionary, and has been searched 46537 times, which is Forty-six thousand five hundred thirty-seven times.
Hazeez is listed in the Boys directory of Boys Islamic names meaning section, and can be searched easily online or you can check in alphabetic "H" of the Boys Muslim names area. There are almost 674 baby Boy names which start with alphabet H in our names section. You can also check the Hazeez Name meaning in Urdu in our Muslim Urdu names area.
Q. What does Hazeez name mean?
Hazeez name meaning in Urdu is "مضبوط". In English, Hazeez name meaning is "Strong".
Q. What is the Lucky Number of Hazeez?
The lucky number associated with the name Hazeez is "4".
Q. What is the religion of the name Hazeez?
The religion of the name Hazeez is Muslim.
Q. What is the origin of Hazeez name?
The origin of the name Hazeez is.
Q. What is the auspicious color of the name Hazeez?
For the name Hazeez, the lucky color is Golden, Orange, Red.
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text: We carried out a case–control study to investigate the effects of some lifestyle patterns on the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Parameters included BMI, employment, family income, educational level, family size, exercise, cancer awareness, diabetes, and hypertension. Individuals of both groups (n=164 for control group, n=137 for CRC group) completed a questionnaire with the help of trained dietitians. Results showed that limited cancer awareness was found to increase the risk of CRC [odds ratio (OR)=49.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.45–217.9, P<0.001]. There was a linear trend (P-trend<0.001) of low educational level in increasing the risk of CRC. Mainly, illiterate individuals showed the highest risk of developing CRC (OR=116.8, 95% CI: 14.7–927.75, P<0.001). In addition, the results indicated a linear trend (P-trend<0.001) of low family income in increasing the risk of CRC. The highest risk of CRC was shown with family income less than 5000 Saudi riyals (OR=64.38, 95% CI: 12.82–323.28, P<0.001). Other risk factors included a sedentary lifestyle, unemployment, and diabetes. Surprisingly, low BMI was associated with increasing incidence of CRC (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.96, P<0.001). However, family size and hypertension had no effect (P>0.05) on the incidence of CRC. Our study emphasizes the effect of active lifestyle patterns and cancer awareness in decreasing the incidence of CRC in the Mecca region.


text:
HWND hwnd, // handle of window
HDC hdc // handle of device context );
DECLAREINTEGER ReleaseDC IN user32;
Identifies the window whose device context is to be released
Identifies the device context to be released
The return value specifies whether the device context is released. If the device context is released, the return value is 1
Once you obtain a device context (retrieved by GetDC, or GetWindowDC functions), you may write to the window. At the end of this process the device context must be released using ReleaseDC. Otherwise you will have a memory leak.
GDI Black Book: remember, use the ReleaseDC function only for a display device context that was retrieved from the GDI device-context cache. After you"re done with the memory device context, you must free it by using the DeleteDC function.
- use ReleaseDC for forms (the hwnd used as the first parameter)
- use DeleteDC for memory device contexts (e.g. CreateCompatibleDC function)
Credits: PHP (4.4.9), an HTML-embedded scripting language,
MySQL (5.1.55-log), the Open Source standard SQL database,
Version 4, freeware HTML Editor of choice. Hosted by Korax Online Inc.


text:
Fables of the Amazon: Fun Lessons in Ecology
Natural history and ecology are fascinating and complex subjects. Fables of the Amazon make them a whole lot more fun.
Each of these 11 short stories is drawn from actual field observations made by the authors, and as such is scientifically accurate, often presenting little-known insight on the ecology and behaviour of its wildlife characters.
This comic is self-published, and was created in the early 2000s when my friend, mentor and field biologist colleague, Dr. Louise H. Emmons, suggested we collaborate on a completely different venture: a comic book of ecology. Drawing upon decades of field experience and her unique knowledge, Louise wrote most of the stories, and I did the artwork.
Click on the book below to view a sample!


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You may need to learn whether water is present in a hydraulic reservoir, contaminating the fluid. This problem normally occurs when the reservoir ingests humid ambient air as the fluid level drops. Later, when the system cools, water can condense on the inside of the reservoir's walls. In other situations, sanitary requirements may dictate an equipment washdown. In either case, a water-contamination check should follow.
Two very simple tools — a spoon and a cigarette lighter — can accomplish this test. Fill the spoon with fluid from the reservoir, then heat it over the lighter. In about 30 seconds if water is present, you'll see bubbles forming at the bottom of the spoon and rising to the fluid surface. If there's no water, no bubbles will appear.
Ronald R. Gould, PE, is Vice President - Engineering at Advance Lifts Inc., St. Charles, Ill.


The Hunt for Sustainable Materials
Charlie Bradley Ross Thursday, 19 March 2015
Trying to be an ethical designer working with sustainable materials can be tough. You've come up with a brilliant eco design concept and are ready to get going... but, hang on, how do you go about sourcing the materials? At Offset Warehouse we bridge one gap, providing ethical fabrics and trimmings, but often that's only one piece of the puzzle...
What if you fancy some recycled wood for your interior decor project or you want to know where best car boot sales or flea markets to source materials for upcycling?
Let me introduce RE-search Map, a great project aimed to make this sort of searching a little bit easier. This is what Performance Design and Practice tutor at Central Saint Martins, Gary Campbell, had to say about his creation, RE-search Map.
A new way to find my _TAG_ _TAG_ materials! _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_
So Gary, what is RE-search?
RE-search is a collaborative map where you can search for sustainable materials. Using google maps I upload information about markets, car boots, second hand and vintage stores where my students might be able to source interesting materials, costumes and props for their projects.
It also lists sustainable and ethically minded organisations where innovative projects and initiatives are workshopped.
Sourcing Sustainable Materials
What inspired you to start the project?
I started RE-search in an attempt to embed sustainability into the curriculum on the Foundation course, sharing my knowledge of these resources and encouraging students and other staff to add their own. I wanted to introduce my students, some of whom have just arrived in London, to alternative suppliers and resources, so they didn't become reliant on the college shop.
Sourcing Sustainable Materials
How does it work?
There are a few ways you can add to the project. If you know of a great source for reclaimed or sustainable produced materials you can add it directly adding to the google map on the website or by sending the information through to me at [email protected].
If you have found out about an event, or read an article that is of interest you or just seen a load of great stuff on the street and can't possibly use it all yourself then you can tweet about it _USER_
Initially it was aimed at my Foundation students studying Performance design and practice but I had always imagined it would be useful for the other courses at Central Saint Martins and in fact for most artist designers.
How has it been going so far?
As for positive results from interactions with the site, the performance design curriculum area on the foundation have incorporated use of the site in their most recent project and most of the materials sourced for these projects was reclaimed. One student, Gina Martin, found a great armchair and dismantled it to use in her costume, she made a brick wall skirt out of the padding (see the photo above).
Screen Shot 2015-01-26 at 11.06.49
We have also made some productive site visits to some of the locations found on the map as you can see in the "Mudlarking on the Thames" entree - shown above.
Apart from that, I've been excited by the discovery of new sustainable materials such as fungi insulation - literally growing your own walls, and pineapple leather!
Gary's concept is very new and is working well so far, but the more people who get involved the more sucessful it will be! So whatever you find, get adding to his map and sharing sustainable material sourcing. Also, if you are a bit of a technical whizz, Gary would love someone to help turn the concept into an app! Brilliant idea.
I'm getting involved with the RE-search map! _USER_