text: 4.4 / 5 ( 22 votes ) How Often Should I Rotate my Mattress? Some people can still remember their parents telling them to flip or rotate their mattress every so often back when they were growing up. Flipping your mattress, they said, would help increase the lifespan of the mattress and maintain the durability of the cushion. In today's day and age, technology has come a long way, even in the world of sleepwear. With so many brands and different combinations of materials being used in order to create the perfect sleep, there isn't really a complete guide to when and how often we should flip or rotate our mattresses. There is even a question in whether or not we still have to do this rotational routine. Why do we Rotate or Flip? If this is an entirely new concept, to begin with, people used to flip or rotate their mattresses in order to help even out the wear and tear on the mattress. Our beds are subject to so much stress whether it be a difference in weight distribution depending on user or lifestyle. There can be an imbalance in how much support and how well aligned the mattress is holding your body at. Mattress stores used to recommend that people flip their mattresses every couple of months, typically three. Flipping your mattress would keep it comfortable and reduce the appearance of a saggy mattress. Mattresses used to be made double-sided. No matter which way they were facing, there was comfort on both sides of the bed. What is the Difference and Which is Better? Flipping the mattress involves literally picking up the mattress and flipping it to its other unused side. The face of the mattress that hasn't been used yet is still fresh and is only collecting dust while pressed against the bed frame. Rotating the mattress involves only turning the mattress 180 degrees so that the other end is facing the opposite end it was turned to earlier. Rotating does not mean flipping as well, so you would still be sleeping on the same surface, but the end that was potentially less elevated would be in the other direction. So which is a more useful method in order to prolong the lifespan of your mattress? Flipping is most likely the better and more obvious choice. If you're already planning on lifting the heavy thing, you might as well turn it to the more supportive side that hasn't been used. The pressure would be more comfortable with flipping it as the stronger side is the new back and body support system. Is Mattress Flipping Mandatory? In this day and age, mattress flipping has become less common in the typical household. This is because most mattress manufacturers have transitioned from making double-sided mattresses into single side ones. How do you know if your mattress is able to be rotated with received comfort? A bed will say so on the mattress label or in the warranty. However, if you as the user know that your mattress has been around for a very long time, it is more than likely safe to assume that your mattress is good for flipping. Certain memory foam mattresses that have been manufactured more recently do not need the traditional flipping as the layers of foam or cushioned material are strategically placed in order to provide the optimal amount of comfort as possible. The thicker bottom layer is often the base support system and the softer, more cushioned layers are at the top where the body makes the most contact. Flipping a mattress like this would result in reversing the layers, and the mattress may not feel as soothing as it originally did. The same goes for pocket mattresses or any type of innerspring mattress. Layers are strategically placed so that their user is least likely to feel the effects of the springs pushing into their back. Rotating would be fine to do, but any flipping to expose the opposite side would be less than preferred by the user. How to Flip or Rotate a Mattress So let's say that your mattress is eligible to be flipped or rotated. The expected flipping or rotating time is still expected to be every 3-4 months in order to prolong the life expectancy of the mattress. There are some brands though that recommend every six months and even others that require it only once a year. The first step is to be intentional about it. Scheduling a specific day to rotate or flip your mattress is good because it allows you to plan better. Giving yourself notice in advance actually reduces the stress in moving the mattress. There's no denying it; mattresses can be pretty dang heavy, especially if you're only one or two people. With master bedrooms or partners preferring those California King or King mattress sizes, clearing the space close to the mattress would prevent any unnecessary damage to your bedroom. This includes moving any lamps, nightstands, or movable bookshelves. Rules for Friendly Flipping Most often when you think of flipping the mattress, it's just flipping it right over from the side. This means they will technically have a new surface to sleep on, but the same area is still in the same spot. Flip your mattress instead from end to end. Lift your mattress from one end of the bed and flip it so the head end has become the new bottom side of the bed. This method consequently guarantees you rotating your bed 180 degrees at the same time; it's a win-win situation. Rotation Rules Starting with the bottom left corner of your mattress, pick it up and move it clockwise until that bottom left corner is on the top at the right. Certain brands will make it easy to rotate or flip your mattress by having some type of visual guide on the mattress. For example, Leesa mattresses have stripes on the foot of the bed. If rotated properly, the stripes will have moved to the head. Basic Guidelines for Mattress Flipping Depending on the material or type of mattress that yours is made of, there are different guidelines for how often to flip or rotate them. Here are the most common: Innerspring Mattress ● Flip it once every 3 to 6 months ● If you're more relaxed with time, then 2-4 times in a year Pillow-top Innerspring Mattress ● Rotate your pillow top mattress once every other month ● These mattresses have a designated side that faces up Memory Foam Mattress ● Brand matters; consult them to make sure they are the same on both sides ● Can be flipped but is mainly rotated Hybrid Mattresses ● Rotate these at least 4 times a year ● Caution: these mattresses are HEAVY. If you think you'll need help, ask for it Gel and Latex ● Designed for one side only, rotate Air Chamber Mattress ● No need to flip or rotate this type of mattress ● If you have a topper, these can be flipped or rotated When to Get a New Mattress Flipping and rotating your mattress won't keep your mattress holding up long enough to last your lifetime. At some point you will need to get a mattress if you want a guaranteed support system. If you find your mattress losing its comfort, or you by losing sleep, this is a sign it is probably better to just invest in a new mattress.


text:
Important early map of Rhode Island, from Carey's American Atlas, one of the earliest separate maps of Rhode Island printed in the US.
Includes towns, travel routes, topographical detail, and waterways. Carey published his American Atlas in 1795, which became the first folio atlas published in America. He later issued General Atlases in 1796 and after. In 1814, he became the first American publisher to offer hand coloring.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Vitis labrusca
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Vitis labrusca
A young Concord grapevine
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Vitales
Family: Vitaceae
Genus: Vitis
Species: V. labrusca
Binomial name
Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca (fox grape) is a species of grapevines belonging to the Vitis genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The vines are native to eastern North America and are the source of many grape cultivars, including Catawba and Concord grapes, and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam, Alexander and Onaka. Among the characteristics of this vine species in contrast to the European wine grape Vitis vinifera are its "slip-skin" that allows the skin of the grape berries to easily slip off when squeezed, instead of crushing the pulp, and the presence of tendrils on every node of the cane. Another contrast with European vinifera is the characteristic "foxy" musk of V. labrusca, best known to most people through the Concord grape.[1] This musk is not related to the fox animal, but rather the earthy, redolent aromas characteristics of the grapes that were known by early American settlers to the New World. The term "foxy" became a sort of catchall for the wine tasting descriptors used for these American wines that were distinct from the familiar flavors of the European vinifera based wines.[2]
Concord grapes.
According to wine historian Edward Hyams and wine expert Jancis Robinson, Vitis labrusca was likely the species spotted by Leif Ericsson growing wild along the coast of Vinland in the 11th century. There is ample evidence that the labrusca was growing wild in North America centuries before the Europeans discovered the continent. However, the vine was not officially identified and recorded until Carl Linnaeus and his peers started cataloging American vine species in the mid 18th century. In the 19th century, Vitis labrusca was among the American vines transported to Europe that were carrying the phylloxera louse which would cause widespread devastation to the European vineyards planted with Vitis vinifera.[3]
Also in the 19th century, Ephraim Bull of Concord, Massachusetts, cultivated seeds from wild labrusca vines to create the Concord grape which would become an important agricultural crop in the United States.[3]
Vine characteristics[edit]
The majority of Vitis labrusca grape varieties are red (though white varieties such as Niagara and "pink-skinned" varieties such as Catawba exist), with dark colored berries high in phenolic compounds that produced strongly flavored wines. As the berries near harvest and become fully ripe, they separate easily from the pedicel (berry stem). If the berry is squeezed gently between two fingers, the thick skin will slip easily off leaving the pulp intact as a ball. This trait gives Vitis labrusca the name of "slip skin" grapes. Another trait of labrusca that aids ampelographers in identification of vines and hybrid varieties descended from the species is the large, thick leaves of the vines that have a hairy underside with dense brown or white hairs.[1]
Like many other American vine species, Vitis labrusca has some natural resistance to many grape diseases, including phylloxera. However, its resistance and grafting compatibility is not as high as other species, such as Vitis aestivalis, Vitis rupestris and Vitis berlandieri, and is not often used for commercial rootstock.[1]
Wine regions[edit]
Botanical features of Vitis labrusca.
Vitis labrusca can be found along the eastern seaboard of North America from Nova Scotia down to Georgia and westward to the Mississippi river. Among the Canadian wine regions and American Viticultural Areas (AVA)s that produce wine from labrusca or hybrids derived from labrusca include Ontario, Upper Mississippi Valley, Mississippi Delta, Ohio River Valley, Southeastern New England, Lake Erie as well as several AVAs in the states of New York, Virginia, Ohio and Michigan.[4]
Unlike vinifera, hybrids and Vitis labrusca varieties can better withstand the severe continental conditions of eastern North America with severely cold winters and hot, humid summers. (However, labrusca doesn't do quite as well as varieties like Vitis rotundifolia in the humidity of southeastern US). In fact, in areas of the United States where vinifera does flourish in the west, the conditions during the growing season are often too arid for labrusca vines.[4]
"Foxy" musk[edit]
According to University of California, Davis viticulture expert A. J. Winkler, outside of the vinifera Muscat family of grapes, Vitis labrusca varieties have the most pronounced aromas among wine grape varieties. The description of "foxy" doesn't have anything to do with actual animal, but rather serves as a catch-all term to describe the unique, earthy and sweet muskiness that is best epitomized by fresh Concord grapes though some of the "sweet muskiness" can be perceived in grape juice made from Concord and other labrusca varieties like Niagara. In the 1920s, scientists were able to isolate the aroma compound responsible for the "foxy" musk as methyl anthranilate.[4]
Notable varieties[edit]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 19-20 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6
 2. ^ B. Ramey The Great Wine Grapes Concord, Catawaba and Delaware entries (no page numbers in book) University of California-Davis, 1977 ASIN B0006CZP4S
 3. ^ a b J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 8, 18, 228 Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1-85732-999-6
 4. ^ a b c Winkler AJ, Cook JA, Kliere WM and Lider LA General Viticulture (2nd ed.) pg 17-20, 59, 166-167 University of California Press. 1974 ISBN 0-520-02591-1.
External links[edit]


No, this isn't some orange-tinted alien planet. It's Earth. Taken by an astronaut aboard the International Space Station on Oct. 7, the photo shows Earth wrapped in airglow, which is what that orange hue is called. According to NASA, airglow occurs when molecules in the atmosphere, typically oxygen and nitrogen, are energized by ultraviolet light from the sun. When energized, the molecules bump into one another and lose energy in their collisions. The end result of that back and forth is airglow. Airglow is more than just a pretty space effect, though. It can help scientists better understand how molecules move in the upper atmosphere, where Earth and space meet. This could give us insights into both Earth and space weather. Related on MNN: 33 out-of-this-world images of the Milky Way, aurora borealis and more
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text:
: The National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) and cantonal and urban monitoring networks provide information on current concentrations of the principal pollutants.
International air pollution control
Since air pollutants do not recognise national borders, many air quality problems cannot be resolved by one country on its own. It is only possible to reduce air pollution if neighbouring countries also take appropriate measures. In view of this, Switzerland is actively involved in a variety of international organisations that focus on limiting air pollution in Europe.
More information on the topic Air is available in German, French and Italian

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The way we see things is influenced by our mood. Setting detail can be used in a story to show character and highlight themes concretely, to "show instead of tell." It's also a way to make setting do double duty, which, Janet Burroway says in her many fine texts on writing, it is always good to do. Setting should never be mere decoration.
- Write a description of the tree in the picture above from the point of view of a man whose only son died at the age of ten. Do not tell us that his son has died. Do not refer to the death or the son directly in any way. Show his mood and imply the death by the way he looks at, talks about, or describes the tree. We want to see, smell, hear, feel the tree and surroundings. Use words to describe the branches, bark, leaves, and posture of the tree that evoke his mood without telling us about it– or even mentioning the son. You can have him talking, or writing, or merely describe the tree in a dark way without the father's presence at all. I leave that to you.
- Now describe the same picture from the point of view of a woman who has just given birth to a child. Again–do not tell us that mention her pregnancy or body directly. Instead, show her mood by the way she looks at, and talks about the tree. Let us see, smell, hear, and feel the tree in concrete detail.
Often, in response to this prompt, students narrate the father and the mother's thoughts as they look at the tree, or they create memories of the child. This isn't a bad thing. After all, narrating people's thoughts is one of many ways to show character, but the point of this prompt is to use concrete detail to create an image and to closely observe and then to chose diction that evokes a mood.


Docker data volume data volume container details
 - 2020-05-27 07:44:05
 - OfStack
Docker data volume, data volume container details
Sometimes, when our service runs, it is necessary to generate some logs, or we need to backup the data in the container, or even share the data among multiple containers, which inevitably involves the data management operation of the container.
There are two main ways to manage data in a container:
Data volume
Data volume container
The data volume is a special directory that can be used by the container. It bypasses the file system and provides many useful features:
- data volumes can be Shared and reused between containers
- changes to the data volume will take effect immediately
- updates to data volumes will not affect mirroring
- volume 1 will persist until no container is used
#(similar to mount under linux (mount))
Creating a data volume
When using the Docker run command, use the -v parameter tag to create a single data volume in the container, and use the -v tag multiple times to create multiple data volumes
docker run -dp --name web -v /webapp ubuntu:14.04
We don't have a port after -p. If we don't have a port relationship between the container and the host,Docker will map at will
Mount a host directory as the data volume
The -v tag can also be used to specify that a local existing directory be mounted into the container as a data volume
docker run -dp --name web -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp ubuntu:1404
The command above loads the host /src/webapp directory into the container's /opt/webapp directory:
This feature is convenient for testing, for example, users can put some programs or data into a local directory, and then run and use it in a container. In addition, the
The path to the directory must be an absolute path, and if the directory does not exist, Docker will automatically create it.
The default permission of Docker mounting data volume is read and write. Users can also specify read only by ro:
docker run -dp --name web -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp:ro ubuntu:14.04
After adding: ro, the data of the data volume mounted in the container cannot be modified.
Mount native files as data volumes
The -v tag can also mount a single file from the host into the container as a data volume:
Docker run --rm -it -v ~/.bash_history:/.bash_history ubuntu:14.04
This allows you to record the history of commands entered in the container (different versions of shell vary)
Data volume container
If a user needs to share continuously updated data between containers, the easiest way is to use a data volume container, which is a common container that provides data volumes for other containers to mount.
First, create one data volume container, dbdata, and mount one data volume to /dbdata:
docker run -ti -v /dbdata --name dbdata ubuntu:14.04
We can then mount the data volumes in the dbdata container with the use of the volumes-form in other containers, such as creating the db1 and db2 containers and mounting the data volumes from the dbdata container:
docker run -ti --volumes-from dbdata --name db1 ubuntu:14.04
docker run -ti --volumes-from dbdata --name db2 ubuntu:14.04
At this point the containers db1 and db2 both mount the same data volume to the same /dbdata directory. 3 containers any 1 side of the write in this directory, the other containers can see.
For example, create an test file in the dbdata container:
root@df392e32f0p6:/# touch test1
Let's look at it in the db1 container:
root@92597e32f0p6:/# ls dbdata/
We can mount multiple data volumes from multiple containers multiple times using the WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD/WSD. You can also mount data volumes from other containers that have already mounted container volumes:
docker run -d --name db3 --volumes-from db1 ubuntu:14.04
Note: the container of the data volume mounted using the -- volumes-from parameter does not itself need to be in a running state
If the mounted container is deleted (including dbdata, db1, and db2), the data volume is not automatically deleted. If you want to delete a data volume, you must explicitly use the Docker rm-v command to specify that the associated container is deleted at the same time when you delete the last container that still has it mounted.
Using data volume containers allows users to freely upgrade and move data volumes between containers.
Migrate data using data volume containers
The data volume container can be used to backup and restore the data volume in order to realize the data migration.
The backup
docker run --volumes-from dbdata -v $(pwd):/backup --name worker ubuntu:14.04 tar cvf /backup/backup.tar /dbdata
This command is a little bit more complicated, so let's see what it does
1. First, a container worker was created using the ubuntu image.
2. Mount the data volume of the dbdata container (dbdata data volume) using the volumes-from dbdata parameter for the worker container;
3. Use the -v $(pwd):/backup parameter to mount the local current directory to the worker container's /backup directory
After the worker container is started, the tar cvf /backup/ backup.tar /dbdata command is used to backup the contents under /dbdata to the backup/ backup.tar in the container, backup.tar in the host's current directory.
If you want to restore data to a container, you can do the following to create a container dbdata2 with a data volume:
docker run -v /dbdata --name dbdata2 ubuntu:14.04
Then create another new container, mount the dbdata2 container, and unzip the backup file into the mounted container volume using ubtar:
docker run --volumes-from dbdata2 -v $(pwd):/backup busybox tar xvf /backup/backup.tar
Thank you for reading, I hope to help you, thank you for your support of this site!
Related articles:


Supreme Court likely to bar some US green card applicants
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court appeared ready Monday to prevent thousands of people living in the United States for humanitarian reasons from applying to become permanent residents.
The designation applies to people who come from countries ravaged by war or disaster, protects them from deportation, and allows them to work legally.
Many have lived in the US for many years, given birth to American citizens, and have put down roots in this country, their advocates say.
Legislation that would allow people who are here for humanitarian reasons to adjust their immigration status has passed the House but faces uncertain prospects in the Senate.
The case before the court involves a couple from El Salvador who has been in the country since the late 1990s.
People from 10 other countries are similarly protected.
They are Haiti, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen.
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text:
The Woman Who Discovered Printing T.H. Barrett
- Price: £18.99
- Add to Basket
- Publication date:
- 15 Feb 2008
- 192 pages: 216 x 138 x 22mm
- 6 b&w illustrations
This beguiling book asks a set of unusual and fascinating questions - why is early Chinese printing so little acknowledged, despite anticipating Gutenberg by centuries? Why are the religious elements of all early printing overlooked? And why did printing in China not have the immediate obvious impact it did in Europe?T. H. Barrett, a leading scholar of medieval China, brings us the answers through the intriguing story of Empress Wu (AD 625-705) and the revolution in printing that occurred during her rule. Linking Asian and European history with substantial new research into Chinese sources, Barrett identifies methods of transmitting texts before printing and explains the historical context of seventh-century China. He explores the dynastic reasons behind Empress Wu's specific interest in printing and the motivating role of her private religious beliefs. He also deduces from eighthand ninth-century Chinese records an explanation for the lesser impact of the introduction of printing in China than in Europe. As Renaissance Europe was later astonished to learn of China's achievement, so today's reader will be fascinated by this engaging perspective on the history of printing and the technological superiority of Empress Wu's China.
T. H. Barrett is professor of East Asian History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. Among his books are Taoism Under the T'ang; Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist or Neo-Confucian? and, with Peter Hobson, Poems of Hanshan. He lives in Cambridgeshire, England.
'... fascinating and makes us gasp at the early Chinese civilisation for both their progressive thinking and their cruelty. We in the West need to look with fresh eyes at the world social history and thankfully Yale University Press is at the forefront of this.' Bill Spence, Yorkshire Gazette and Herald
'The real thrust of his [Barrett's] beautifully compact but formidably well-researched book lies in its thoughtful investigation of Wu and her milieu. Indeed so literate is The Woman Who Discovered Printing that it belongs immediatley to that fine tradition of English writing about Chinese initiated by Arthur Waley.' Justin Wintle, The Independent


text:
Yes, that is a very good explanation. Result clauses do not follow the so-called sequence of tenses as other similar clauses do. This is because result clauses are felt to make the most sense when using the most applicable tense.
Think of it this way using your examples:
'So numerous were the enemy that they easily took the city.
Tot erant hostes ut facile urbem caperent.
Tot erant hostes us facile urbem ceperint.'
The result clause is a clause that describes a separate, independent and real event from that of the main clause. IT is a related event, a resultant event, obviously, but a separate and event nonetheless.
The imperfect tense in this case does not give a sense of the finality needed here.
It would mean something like 'So numerous were the enemy that they were easily taking the city.'
The incomplete sense of the imperfect anticipates some sort of interruption.
Compare this with a purpose clause, indirect command or a fear clause, both of which demand the imperfect subjunctive following a historical tense.
servi fugiverunt ne poenam darent.
dux militibus imperavit ut urbem aggredirentur.
puer timebat ut puella maneret.
In all of these cases the secondary clause is not a real event, but rather an intention, or a worry, or a purpose, or some such thing. With result clauses the result clause is something that actually happened, will happen, is happening etc. The subjunctive mood is simply a result of the construction, but implies no unreality. In fear clauses, indirect command, purpose clauses etc the secondary clause is in a sense unreal, a possibility, and hence the tense is not as important as in a result clause. The tense follows a more general rule - the sequence of tenses.
The only thing we can guarantee when communicating via the internet is that we will be almost completely misunderstood, and likely cause great offence in doing so. Throw in an attempt at humour and you insure a lifelong enemy will be made.


Pomegranate May Improve Exercise Performance
Pomegranate is rich in dietary nitrates, which have been shown to improve exercise performance.
In a study of 19 athletes running on a treadmill, 1 gram of pomegranate extract 30 minutes before exercise significantly enhanced blood flow (39).
This led to a delay in the onset of fatigue, and an increase in exercise efficiency.
More studies are needed, but it seems like pomegranate may be beneficial for physical performance, similar to beetroot juice.
13. Anything Else?
If you want to enjoy the health benefits outlined in the article, then you can either eat the pomegranate arils directly, or drink pomegranate juice.
At the end of the day, pomegranates are among the healthiest foods on the planet.
They have wide-ranging benefits, and may help reduce the risk of all sorts of serious diseases.


text:
Las Vegas, NM Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
The chance of earthquake damage in Las Vegas is lower than New Mexico average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Las Vegas is about the same as New Mexico average and is much lower than the national average.
Earthquake Index, #338
|Las Vegas, NM||0.07|
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #310
|Las Vegas, NM||0.0016|
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #157
|Las Vegas, NM||12.55|
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 387 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Las Vegas, NM were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
|Dust Storm:||0||Flood:||49||Hail:||275||Heat:||0||Heavy Snow:||0|
|High Surf:||0||Hurricane:||0||Ice Storm:||0||Landslide:||0||Strong Wind:||0|
|Thunderstorm Winds:||39||Tropical Storm:||0||Wildfire:||1||Winter Storm:||0||Winter Weather:||0|
A total of 1 volcano is found in or near Las Vegas, NM.
|Distance (miles)||Name||Region||Latitude||Longitude||Elevation (foot)||Type||Status||Last Eruption|
|77.8||Valles Caldera||US-New Mexico, United States||35.87||-106.57||3430||Caldera||Pleistocene-Fumarol||Quaternary eruption(s) with the only known Holocene activity being hydrothermal|
Historical Earthquake Events
A total of 2 historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Las Vegas, NM.
|Distance (miles)||Date||Magnitude||Depth (km)||Latitude||Longitude|
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 2 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Las Vegas, NM.
|Distance (miles)||Date||Magnitude||Start Lat/Log||End Lat/Log||Length||Width||Fatalities||Injuries||Property Damage||Crop Damage||Affected County|
|46.4||1992-06-27||2||35°41'N / 104°24'W||0.80 Mile||73 Yards||0||0||25K||0||San Miguel|
|49.6||1978-06-04||2||34°56'N / 104°54'W||2.00 Miles||33 Yards||0||0||0K||0||Guadalupe|
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of _PHONE_, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of _PHONE_.


text:
to apply a very low current to the base of the pile for up to 10 minutes. It is usually painless and has the best safety record of all available treatments. More than 120,000 patients have been successfully treated worldwide, and it is the only treatment approved in the USA for all grades of piles.
Cryosurgery freezes the pile to destroy it. It is not used much because it causes a watery discharge afterwards.
Infrared coagulation uses infrared light to destroy the pile. This method is not commonly used in the UK because it is not as effective as other methods.
Surgery. There are several different operations for piles.
- In the usual operation, the swollen spongy pad that forms the pile is cut away. It is painful for 7–10 days afterwards.
- A newer operation, called 'stapling', involves cutting away a 2 cm strip of the lining of the rectum and joining the cut edges with a special stapler. People seem to recover quicker from 'stapling' than from the ordinary operation. It is not yet a common operation in the UK, but it is popular in the rest of Europe. Although it is less painful than the ordinary operation, it seems to be less effective in the long-term and about 12% of people have a recurrence of the piles within 16 months (Surgery 2006;24:148–150). However, more research is needed.
- Another type of operation uses ultrasound to locate the arteries that feed blood into the pile. These arteries are then closed off using stitches. Bleeding from the pile decreases over the following few weeks. This treatment is becoming more popular, partly because it does not involve any cutting and is almost painless. More research is needed to see if it is effective in the long-term.
First published on: embarrassingproblems.com
Reviewed and edited by: Dr Kevin Barrett
Last updated: October 2020


text:
By The Daily Cat experts for The Daily Cat
Many different animals and insects "play possum" by pretending to be asleep or even dead. Usually they do this in reaction to a physical threat. A spider that you capture in a cup might keel over with its legs in the air, looking as though it just dropped dead. In reality, the spider could be alive and well, but just hoping you'll fall for the ruse and leave it alone.
Cats do something akin to this by engaging in fake sleep. This is when a feline curls into a sleeping position, closes its eyes and takes on the appearance of a sleeping kitty. It could, however, be wide-awake and only pretending to sleep. In his book Cat Body, Cat Mind: Exploring Your Cat's Consciousness and Total Well-being, Michael W. Fox explains that such behavior often occurs at animal shelters, where cats can feel stressed out. In this case, pretending to sleep may help ward off threats, while also providing the cat with a sense of calmness.
In a home situation, hopefully the environment is calm enough that resident cats won't feel compelled to sham-sleep. When they close their eyes, they are then likely to be enjoying true rest and relaxation.


text:
This recipe explains what what are dask bags with example of group by
What are dask bags? explain with example of group by.
Dask Bags contains the operations like map, filter, fold and groupby. These operations can be implemented on python objects with Dask bags.
Dask bags do this in parallel with a small memory foot print using python iterators.
Learn an example of Groupby with dask
from dask.distributed import Client import dask client = Client(n_workers=2, threads_per_worker=2, processes=False, memory_limit='500MB') client df = dask.datasets.timeseries() df.groupby('name').x.mean().compute()


text:
In this submission PwC acknowledges that the proposed functional currency reporting rules are an important and welcome initiative that can have significant benefits for Canadian corporations. However, we also stress the need for corporations to carefully consider the rules' implications before applying them.
The primary objective of our submission is to provide more certainty when applying the rules and to increase the tax system's efficiency and effectiveness. These modifications would provide a more symmetrical measurement of foreign exchange gains and losses under the proposed rules and increase the fairness in respect of the application of these rules via the foreign exchange provisions of the Income Tax Act.
In this submission, PwC makes recommendations in respect of the following matters:
This submission reiterates taxpayers' needs for clarity and certainty when applying the tax rules and that without such certainty, the rules would fail to serve the people they were meant to serve. PwC maintains that our comments and recommendations aim to improve the legislation and allow the government to meet its goal of increasing the effectiveness and fairness of the tax system.
|Comments and requested modifications to Proposed Section 261 – Rules relating to Functional Currency Reporting (780 KB)
Download the full submission.


text:
We have to seat 10 people in a row.
Condition: two people always sit together and two people never sit together.
My attempt: Let the two people who always sit together be taken as 1 person for the time being. So, we have nine people.
1) Keep one of two people who never sit together at seat 1. Then, we have $7\cdot8!$ ways to seat others.
2) Keep that person at seat 2. Then, we have $6\cdot8!$ ways to seat others.
3) Adding up the above iterations, we have $8!(7\cdot2+6\cdot7)$ ways.
4) Finally the two pairs can be permutated in 2 ways each.
Hence, the answer should be $4\cdot8!(7\cdot2+6\cdot7)$.
Is this correct?
Is there a better approach to solve this problem? Please advise.


text:
Exhibit 1: Wind Tunnel
Plasma Actuators for Flow Control
Plasma actuators are used for flow control applications in the near-wall region. They consist of two electrodes separated by a nonconducting layer and can easily be applied on arbitrary surfaces. If the electrodes are powered with a high-voltage, a strong electric field is created. This leads to ionization of surrounding air molecules and a weakly charged plasma spreads along the surface. The ionized air molecules collide with neutral ones which are subsequently accelerated.
The resulting force is used for separation control on airfoils as can be seen in the exposition.
This challenging flow-control method is descriptive demonstrated in our exhibition experiment.
Exhibit 2: Surface Cube
To get an impression of a variation of smart interfaces a surface cube with 6 different surfaces is displayed at the Hannover Messe. Structures like the lotus effect, plasma or sinus curves can be experienced visually and haptically.


Welcome to Putnam County GenWeb
Federal Point Agriculture
Cabbage Box Lable
Potatoes were the number one crop in the Federal Point and Hastings area for years. The Hastings Potatoe Growers Association is a result of this. In 1924 there were 294 farms in the Area growing potatoes. The average farm was 100 acres; the largest being 1046 acres and the smallest 100 acres. Hastings was known as "The Potatoe Capitol of the World".


Welcome to the Bannerboo Blog
Tips, advice, and blogs by our team
How to create Animated Newsletter GIFs?
29 December 2020
GIFs are a new and very appealing way of informing the audience about your product, service or company, that you can use in your communication strategy. Especially attractive animated GIF files look in newsletters. By the way, almost 57% of marketers use them. After all, buyers prefer visual content, thus it is really more important to show a product instead of writing a longread about it.
What is an animated GIF?
The Graphics Interchange Format is an animated image. Now 30 years old, it seems more popular than ever even though there are many other formats. It should be mentioned that ten years ago GIFs had already been at the peak, but were crowded out by videos. However, it seems like this image format is riding a second wave of popularity now. For instance, Giphy reports that it serves more than 1 billion GIFs a day. Users watch 2 million hours of GIFs every day! Now GIFs are one of the most popular formats of conveying information, for they always manage to evoke emotions. Instagram has played an important role in GIFs' revival by adding GIF stickers in Instagram Stories.
The benefits of using GIFs in your email marketing
Animated GIFs have several benefits. Here are a few:
 - An animated GIF can present your product/service in such a way, so it would stand out;
 - Animated GIFs increase conversion (according to sendinblue up to 103%);
 - Unlike a dull text, A GIF demonstrates how a product/service actually works;
 - Animated GIFs function as a sensory cue that trigger a sense of urgency (time flies more faster, it is time to make up your mind);
 - An animated GIF looks more interesting than a usual static image;
 - GIFs weigh less that a video, thus it loads faster and better than a video.
That's clear as day that animated GIFs are an effective tool, thus it would be a huge mistake not to use it.
How to make an animated GIF for email marketing?
A process of GIF creation with BannerBoo is quick and easy.
Remember the algorithm:
 1. Log in to the website and enter your personal cabinet.
 2. Choose a banner size you need.
 3. Create a unique design or choose a ready-made template. Create the banner your business needs!
 4. Add special effects to your GIF and set the length of your animation.
 5. Change texts, font and other required information (write clearly and simply).
 6. Add logos, buttons, and any diagrams that can help your product to stand out
 7. Save layout as a template and work at a convenient time.
 8. Then select the Smooth GIF format to download your file and use it in marketing campaigns.
More detailed information can be found here
How to make GIFs from a YouTube video?
Apart from usual images, GIFs could be made from any YouTube video.
It is easy:
 1. Place a YouTube video container element in a workspace and insert a URL link of a video (a video will be automatically downloaded).
 2. When choosing the timing of the video, you can only choose the starting position. The duration of the video will be the same as the duration of the elements on the timeline. That is, if the layer with the video clip is 7 seconds long, then a final GIF will also play the same amount.
 3. Videos are usually put on endless repeat. To do this, turn on the "Auto Repeat" tab.
 4. Hide all additional fields by putting a mark in the box "Hide controls."
 5. Save your banner by clicking "Publish" and "Save as Smooth GIF."
From now on, any YouTube video could be made into an animated GIF file. It will surely look brightly and appealingly in any advertising campaign, newsletter or social media blog post.
How to optimize an animated GIF file? Size matters!
To make a banner look attractive on different platforms, it is extremely important to stick to two rules: the minimum weight and short video length. It has been proved that there are only 0,3-0,5 seconds to capture the attention of your audience. If your banner is too heavy, there is always a risk that it won't be able to completely load.
The main rule of good GIF optimization is to achieve a balance between quality and a file's size. After you export a GIF, ensure that it doesn't have white edges, stippling or jump cuts. The optimization option is only available in a tariff plan "Plus." It also allows choosing the number of images per second, compression ratio, and even a size of a GIF.
To learn more about banner ad optimization, read this article.
How to save and share your animated GIF banner?
As soon as your banner will be ready, click the Save button. It will be saved to a file folder you are currently working with in your personal cabinet. As a result, you will be able to save your creation as an animated GIF file to your PC or get a link for a view. All these operations are performed with the button "Publish" in the BannerBoo editor.
How to insert a GIF into an email?
It is really easy. Just upload your GIF to an email service you use for email marketing campaigns. It will be inserted as a usual image. Sometimes, though it happens very rarely, you will need to use a tag .
In any way, it only takes a few seconds.
Examples of animated GIFs in email marketing templates
There are so many! For instance, the Converse newsletter (it is a promotional letter that features the newest Converses. Animated GIFs show the color range).
This is how you can trigger a sense of urgency without resorting to a classic advertising text "this special offer runs until…" + an image.
Burberry doesn't only use animated GIFs in newsletter campaigns, the brand is actively using animation on its site. Information is perceived better, not to mention that all perks of this shoe model are clearly on display.
Animated GIFs is a must-have for a successful email marketing campaign. Use every method that helps to create high quality content for your customers and increase customer loyalty.
What is a GIF?
Graphics Interchange Format (a GIF) is an animated image format that is widely used in email newsletters, on sites as well as different thematic and advertising platforms for presenting products/goods and services.
What is the purpose of an animated GIF usage in email marketing?
It is mainly about increasing the conversion rates of your email campaigns. According to the study conducted by sendinblue, correctly chosen GIFs can increase users' desire to read up to 80%.
How to make an animated GIF for email marketing?
Use the BannerBoo constructor, where you can easily create any animated banner in different sizes, formats, and styles.
Can I create an animated GIF for free?
Try a free trial period with BannerBoo. After quick and easy registration on the site, you will get access to the constructor where you can create animated banners. However, to be able to download said GIF file and use it for your marketing activities, you will need at least a tariff plan "START." Believe us, it is worth it. You will find more detailed information on prices here.
What is the best GIF banner maker?
Surely it is BannerBoo. Just sign up for _URL_ and you will see!
What is the best GIF file size for email?
In order to minimize the size of an email, choose images that are no bigger than 500-600 pixels. However, we recommend choosing an image file size that is suitable for you. For instance, it could be a standard banner size such as 250x250 or 300x250.
How to save animated GIFs?
As soon as your GIF is ready, click the Save button. In such a way, we save a banner layout to a folder in your personal cabinet where it will be kept for future improvements and changes.
It is also possible to save a file to your PC or just get a link to view a banner online.
How to insert a GIF into an email?
You insert an animated GIF into an email just like you insert an image of any other format. Just upload it
Can I create a GIF on my phone?
You will need a PC for more productive work or - at least - a tablet.
How can animated GIF files take your message to the next level?
Using GIFs, you can evoke genuine emotional reactions from users who interact with your company by:
 - presenting a product/service in such a way, so it would stand out;
 - showing how this product or service actually works without making customers read long advertising texts;
 - enhancing a sense of urgency;
 - improving load rate, for GIFs load faster than videos.
What is more, GIFs increase conversion up to 103% and look more interesting and appealing than static pictures.
How to add an animated GIF file in email signatures?
Follow the algorithm:
 1. Choose "Settings"
 2. Select the "Signature" option in the tab "Email Signature" and then choose "New".
 3. Please choose "Insert the image" option and upload an animated GIF file from your PC.
 4. That's it. Save your email signature.
Oh noes!
Please add *.bannerboo.com* as an exception or disable the ad blocker to continue.


text:
Modeling the phase behavior of the membrane binding protein annexin V
Langmuir, Volume 18 p. 2988- 2992
The bulk thermodynamic properties of proteins originate from a varied and complex combination of interactions. We propose a simple model for the formation of ordered two-dimensional aggregates based on the interactions between pairs of annexin V molecules. Simulations of this model are shown to reproduce the experimental observations of a honeycomb (p6) and a triangular (p3) crystalline phase. The simulations indicate that the transition between these two phases is first order. While this model is extremely simple in that it relies only on hard body and short-range directional interactions, it nevertheless captures the essential physics of the interactions between the protein molecules and reproduces the phase behavior observed in electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy experiments.


text:
Recently I had occasion to draw a hedgehog tentatively handing his car in for an MOT, as hedgehogs sometimes need to do.
Doodling a hedgehog is simple enough, but how to take a holistic approach to drawing hundreds of spines? There are already a few different art brushes here to give his fur a bit of furriness, but I don't think we want to be drawing an individual path for every spine too. Here's how he looks without them:
At the moment he's a sketch with a calligraphic brush (the black lines), filled shapes for the darker and lighter areas of his body (the brown shades), and some art brushes from Adobe's Artistic_Paintbrush set to give him a bit of fluffyness (hedgehogs aren't entirely spiny after all). So what tools do we have that can create and modify hundreds of objects at once?
The Symbol Sprayer tool!
Most approaches to drawing in Illustrator tend to be quite methodical — you draw in layers of discrete shapes, and people who come to it expecting to sketch and paint like they might in Photoshop can quickly hit brick walls with this approach. To me, the symbol sprayer always seemed a bit incongruous in this environment. What use could there be for something that randomly plasters your artboard in symbols? Well I finally found one. The key here is there is a set of tools behind the basic sprayer for modifying the symbol set (as it's termed) after the fact. But firstly, we need a symbol to work with.
This is just a symmetrical shape with a gradient fill, a couple of millimetres wide in our A4 document. Now we can get spraying.
Go nuts with it. Set the density options (double-click on the tool) as high as they go and cover him. Use the square bracket keys to increase or decrease the size of the brush. Here the spin (rotation) is set to 'User Defined', so it initially appears random. After that it's time for the scruncher.
This drags symbols towards the centre of the brush. Use it to pull any outliers into the large brown area of his back. Spray and scrunch until you have a decent density of spines, and your hedgehog will either have absurdly neat upright spines (if you left Spin as 'Average') or a complete mess (if you set Spin to 'User defined'):
I don't think we can in good conscience leave him like that. Next up is the Symbol Spinner. This tool drags symbols to face the direction of movement of the brush cursor, so you can effectively comb him by dragging the cursor over the symbol set. Note the direction arrows that appear on symbols within the brush area:
Just keep brushing him down until you have a nice neat hedgehog, who might feel a bit more confident about getting his car back:


text:
Globe-Trotting Gnome Highlights Earth's Weird Gravity
Here, the gnome is standing at the Antarctic South Pole. Turns out, the gnome (and you) weighs more at the South Pole than at the equator.
There aren't too many gardens at the South Pole. But there are, apparently, garden gnomes.
A globe-trotting little garden gnome dubbed "Kern" recently visited Amundsen-Scott Research Station at the geographic South Pole in Antarctica. The inanimate traveler's trip was a take on the "Traveling Gnome Prank," a joke that's been in vogue since the 1980s, when pranksters started stealing garden gnomes and sending photographs of the statuettes in front of famous sightseeing spots to their owners.
Kern's travels have a scientific bent, however. The precision scale company Kern & Sohn is teaming up with schools and research stations worldwide to highlight the variations of gravity across the globe.
"Most people don't realize Earth's gravity actually varies slightly," Tommy Fimpel, one of the experiment's coordinators, explained in a statement. "One of the main causes is variations in the shape of the planet. Believe it or not, the Earth is actually slightly potato-shaped, so you'll weigh up to 0.5 percent more or less, depending on where you go."
Even glaciers can change an area's gravity; a mysterious dip in gravity over Canada is likely the result of now-melted glaciers that left behind an imprint from which Earth is still rebounding.
"We thought our Gnome Experiment would be a fun way to measure the phenomenon," Fimpel said.
So far, Kern has traveled, via the mail, to places as far-flung as Lima, Mumbai, Mexico, South Africa, San Francisco, New Caledonia, Sydney and the South Pole. [Photos of Globe-Trotting Gnome]
At the South Pole, where Kern landed last month, the gnome tipped the scale at 309.82 grams, his heaviest measurement yet. That's because the inertia produced by Earth's rotation is stronger at the poles, said Marie McLane, a researcher with the United States Antarctic program and Kern's "host" on the visit to Antarctica. Earth is also slightly squished in shape, with a bulge at the equator, so the planet is less thick at the poles, also contributing to a stronger gravitational effect.
Kern jetted off to Japan after hitting Antarctica, weighing in at 307.9 grams in Tokyo. His next stop is at Snolab in Canada, an underground research station 1.2 miles (2 kilometers) below the Earth's surface. From there, Kern will visit the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest particle accelerator, at CERN near Geneva.
Kern's journey to Antarctica didn't only highlight the gravitational vagaries of Earth; it also shed light on the planet's elusive garden gnome population. The gnome's visit inspired McLane to do some detective work around the Amundsen-Scott Research Station. She found five little gnomes already lurking in labs and other spots around the station — including one, fittingly enough, guarding a greenhouse.
Kern's progress can be tracked at gnomeexperiment.com.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


text:
The Smith College Flying Club, founded in the 1930s, was the first club of its kind at a women's college. In its time, it co-hosted the first intercollegiate competitive air meet, educated aviatrixes during a time when such training was not readily available to women, and helped train students for the war effort during World War Two.
The Flying Club was initially conceived in November 1934.1) As the Northampton, Mass. Gazette reported, "The meeting [of the fifteen interested students] came as the outcome of a joint session of the Amherst College Flying club and group of ten students at Smith who…have been enthusiastic over the possibility of forming a club similar to that at Amherst." 2). Leading in the creation of the club was Mary F. Kimball '34, who was an avid aviatrix and personally held a private pilot's license. 3) The stated purpose of the organization was the following: "The club is composed of students who are interested in a knowledge of the practical side of flying…It now functions as a ground school and has arranged for its meetings a series of lectures and domonstrations [sic] on the technique of flying, plane construction, commercial aviation, and other phases of the subject." 4)
The initial reaction by the Smith community to the club was one of both enthusiasm and doubt. The college administration was concerned about the safety of the students. The administration maintained that students could only fly if their parents signed a permission form. A press release states, "Listed in the booklet, 'Rules and Regulations,' Smith College, under the heading 'Regulations for Safety,' one finds the official college rule: 'while they are under the supervision of the College students may not ride in airplanes unless written permission from the parents has been previously received in the Office of the Warden.'" 5) Although the Flying Club started out with fifteen potential members 6), only two could obtain the necessary written permission. 7) However, this minor setback did not prevent Smith College from helping to set up, and participate in, the first intercollegiate air meet in 1935. An air meet is a flying competition, in which participants compete in events that center around flying skill. In this first event, hosted jointly by Smith College and Amherst College, Smith was the only woman's college to compete. )
With this strong start, the Flying Club continued to gain popularity throughout the 1930s. The support of the club became of a much more practical nature with the approach of World War II. As tensions increased in Europe, the United States encouraged students to gain training in aviation, through such organizations as college flying clubs. Such interest had been expressed in regard to Smith College as early as 1935 9), and the Civil Aeronautics Authority, founded in 1938, began the Civilian Pilot Training Program, in which it would provide training to students. 10) In 1939, the United States Government tried to involve the Smith College Flying Club in the CAA's training programs for pilots. As a memo from Mrs. Scales to Mrs. Morrow states, "My impression is that while many of the men's colleges have gone into the program, including Harvard and Princeton, and also some universities including the women, that as yet, no women's colleges have taken part in the plan. The Government is very eager to enroll Smith College." 11) The idea was continued in an article published in the Daily News, where it was noted that "Airminded students at Smith college [sic] plan to participate in the Civil Aeronautics authority's [sic] student training program…Aviation interest at Smith has been keen, according to college officials, and a flying club…has been campaigning for Smith's participation in the program." 12)
A number of Smithies did use their experience from the Flying Club during World War Two. The most well known alumna in this regard is Gloria Heath, who served as a WASP during the war. 13) The Flying Club did its part in the war effort, providing training "in weather, radio work, navigation, service and maintenance of airplanes, but also military drill work and plane spotting" to interested student to help the war effort. 14) The club also undertook such projects as removing navigational aids to thwart enemy aircraft. 15) Additionally, the Flying Club acquired its own airplane, the Bird of Paradise, which was jointly owned by 15 students and was operated from _PHONE_. 16) Unfortunately, a fire occurred at LaFleur Field, the airport, in February of 1943, destroying the Bird of Paradise's engine. This forced the Flying Club to sell the plane, as the engine could not be repaired due to unavailability of replacement parts for civilian aircraft. 17)
After the end of the war, the Flying Club began to decline in popularity, despite its rental of a Taylorcraft airplane in 1947. 18) This decline was compounded by the administration's prohibition of the Flying Club from competing in air meets, one of the primary activities of the club. This restriction came in 1950, following a decision to enforce college policy barring intercollegiate sports, such as air meets. In a rather terse letter from Mrs. Cook to the then Flying Club president Nancy Mazur, it was stated that,
The Flying Club may not take part in any intercollegiate meets. Therefore, it seems probable, in the light of what you told me of the plans you had in mind, that Flying Club no longer will wish to continue. If its stated objectives, according to the constitution in my hands, to promote active interest in aviation, can be achieved only by taking part in meets then obviously it will have to disband.19)
Despite the setback, Mazur wrote in reply that "The Flying Club had decided to continue as before except that we will not take part in any competitive meets. However the college's ultimatum on competition will not change the plans of the club to a large enough degree to warrant any extensive change in the club." 20) She further argued that
"The flying club does not come under the Athletic Association. It differs vastly from the sort of thing that does come under the A.A. The A.A. forbids inter-collegiate [sic] competition. but [sic] since the Flying Club is not in the A.A. category this does not necessarily apply…" 21)
Unfortunately, the combination of the end of competitive flying and decreased interest after the war proved insurmountable to the organization, and by 1951 the Flying Club was no longer listed as an organization.22)
The first club of its kind at a women's college, the Smith College Flying Club, in its twenty years of existence accomplished many amazing feats. From flying in the first intercollegiate air meet to training pilots during World War Two, it has a proud legacy at Smith College.


Attention seeking Asian chokes on cock - attention seeking adults
attention seeking adults - Attention seeking Asian chokes on cock
May 09, · There are many reasons why an adult may exhibit attention-seeking behavior. It could be the result of underlying trauma, neglect that they've experienced, or a reaction to being in stressful situations. It could also be a sign of low self-esteem or depression 87%(29). Attention-seeking can be a part of a personality disorder. Personality disorders that are often associated with attention-seeking include narcissistic personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
May 12, · Truth is, attention-seeking behavior is just plain exhausting for your partner, and he or she will eventually find a way to avoid it, and perhaps you as well. A little drama here and there. How excessive attention-seeking evolves in adults. Brains wired to equate lack of attention as dangerous, naturally respond to it as a threat in the amygdala, a subcortical structure, where.


text:
Bioethics 25 (9):516-526 (2011)
|Abstract||Objectives: To investigate whether Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong share similar perceptions with their Western counterparts regarding their capacity for autonomous decision-making, and secondarily whether Chinese parents underestimate their adolescent children's desire and capacity for autonomous decision-making.Method:'Healthy Adolescents' and their parents were recruited from four local secondary schools, and 'Sick Adolescents' and their parents from the pediatric wards and outpatient clinics. Their perceptions of adolescents' understanding of illnesses and treatments, maturity in judgment, risk-taking, openness to divergent opinions, pressure from parents and doctors, submission to parental authority and preference for autonomy in medical decision-making are surveyed by a 50-item questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale.Results: Findings indicate that Chinese adolescents aged 14–16 perceive themselves to possess the necessary cognitive abilities and maturity in judgment to be autonomous decision-makers like their Western counterparts. Paradoxically, although they hesitate to assert their autonomy, they are also unwilling to surrender that autonomy to their parents even under coercion or intimidation. Parents tend to underestimate their adolescents' preferences for making autonomous decisions and overestimate the importance of parental authority in decision-making.Conclusion:'14-and-above' Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong perceive themselves as capable of autonomous decision-making in medically-related matters, but hesitate to assert their autonomy, probably because of the Confucian values of parental authority and filial piety that are deeply embedded in the local culture|
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|Through your library||Configure|
Similar books and articles
Ferdinand Schoeman (1985). Parental Discretion and Children's Rights: Background and Implications for Medical Decision-Making. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 10 (1):45-62.
Kate Read, Conrad Vincent Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Davis Pentz, Raymond Carlton Barfield, Justin Nathaniel Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer & Eric Kodish, Decision-Making by Adolescents and Parents of Children with Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation.
Kristina Orfali & Elisa Gordon (2004). Autonomy Gone Awry: A Cross-Cultural Study of Parents' Experiences in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 25 (4):329-365.
Ho Mun Chan (2004). Informed Consent Hong Kong Style: An Instance of Moderate Familism. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 29 (2):195 – 206.
Edwin Hui (2008). Parental Refusal of Life-Saving Treatments for Adolescents: Chinese Familism in Medical Decision-Making Re-Visited. Bioethics 22 (5):286-295.
Andy Piker (2011). Balancing Liberation and Protection: A Moderate Approach to Adolescent Health Care Decision-Making. Bioethics 25 (4):202-208.
Victoria A. Miller, William W. Reynolds & Robert M. Nelson (2008). Parent-Child Roles in Decision Making About Medical Research. Ethics and Behavior 18 (2 & 3):161 – 181.
H. U. I. Edwin (2008). Parental Refusal of Life-Saving Treatments for Adolescents: Chinese Familism in Medical Decision-Making Re-Visited. Bioethics 22 (5):286–295.
B. C. Partridge (2010). Adolescent Psychological Development, Parenting Styles, and Pediatric Decision Making. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (5):518-525.
H. U. I. Edwin (2011). Adolescent and Parental Perceptions of Medical Decision-Making in Hong Kong. Bioethics 25 (9):516-526.
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March 04, 2021
Vermont Starlink FAQs
 1. What is Starlink?
Starlink is a very high-speed low latency space-based broadband access service designed for use in rural areas worldwide which lack adequate terrestrial broadband infrastructure. The company Starlink, which offers the service, is a subsidiary of SpaceX, the private for-profit space launch company founded by Elon Musk.
 1. What speeds does Starlink offer?
During the Beta test Starlink has consistently delivered speeds between 75-100 megabits per second (Mbps) for download and streaming, 20-25 Mbps for upload, and latency of around 40 milliseconds (ms). All these well exceed the State of Vermont's minimum standards. Starlink says these speeds will improve as they add satellites and upgrade technology, but best to judge by what is demonstrated today.
 1. Do streaming to multiple devices simultaneously, teleconferencing, and VoIP work over Starlink?
 1. How can a satellite service have low latency? Older satellite services like HughesNet are unusable for Zooming, phone calls, or even much web browsing.
The old satellite services used geostationary satellites, which must be 22,000 miles from earth. Even at the speed of light, it takes a relatively long time for a signal to get there and back, hence the latency. Starlink uses low earth orbit satellites (LEOS), which are only a couple of hundred miles high. The travel time for the signal is not significant.
 1. What does Starlink cost?
$499 for the initial kit including a WiFi router and everything you need for a ground installation (close to $600 when you add Vermont tax and shipping). $99/month with no minimum commitment or contract. 30-day money back guarantee on everything. There are currently no data caps. There are no higher or lower speed plans currently available.
 1. Where in Vermont is Starlink available?
It is available everywhere in Vermont although there is currently a waiting period which varies by location. It is designed for use at "the end of the road" since all the required infrastructure is in the sky. Starlink cannot be used where it is not possible to get an unobstructed view of the high sky from west to north to east. The mountains around you probably won't matter unless you're in a very narrow valley; the trees in your yard can be a problem.
 1. How does Starlink get installed?
It is self-installing. Out of the box, Starlink can be set on the ground where there is a clear view of the high sky. In Vermont it doesn't need to see the southern sky. The dish has a motor and positions itself correctly for its location (see video). You do have to find a way to put a single wire through your wall which then carries both signal and power to the dish. At extra cost, you can buy kits for no-holes roof mounting or pole mounting. You use a smartphone app to set up your WiFi network.
 1. Is paid installation available from Starlink?
 1. What happens if the dish is covered by snow or ice?
Doesn't happen, even in Vermont. The dish is heated.
 1. How reliable is Starlink?
Beta users generally reported good reliability. There were times when the service was deliberately taken down for adjustment. That shouldn't happen once the beta test is over. It is sensitive to obstructions like tree limbs which typically cause 5-15 second outages (you freeze on Zoom). Choosing a good location for the dish is critical.
 1. Does Starlink degrade in bad weather?
Not noticeably. Unlike satellite TV or service from wireless ISPs, where the radio signals travel almost horizontally, the Starlink signal is going almost straight up so is through the weather in just a few miles. TBD how much it would be affected by a thunderstorm directly overhead.
Starlink is far more reliable than any terrestrial service in a weather emergency so long as you have backup power at your location. The satellites are far above the weather which may topple telephone poles or bring down the lines. They are solar powered so remain in operation indefinitely, unlike the towers of cellular operators and wireless ISPs (WISPs) which can run out of fuel for their generators in a prolonged emergency.
 1. Is Starlink service likely to degrade or have data caps added as more users are added to the system?
Probably not. So far Starlink is limiting the number of new signups to the number of people in each area they can serve without degrading service. They have over 1000 satellites in orbit today – each satellite circles the earth every ninety minutes. 700 of these satellites are operational and the remainder are being positioned for service. Starlink launches 60 new satellites approximately every two weeks on SpaceX reusable rockets.
 1. When is Starlink the best choice for broadband in Vermont?
Dr. Fauci says the best vaccine is the one you can get now. The same is true of broadband service.
If fiber runs by your house and you can have it installed NOW at a reasonable price, it is probably the best option for you.
If you can get enough bandwidth for your needs NOW from a wireless ISP at less cost than Starlink, you may want to do that even though you won't get the same speed you'll get with Starlink.
If you don't currently have cable or excellent wireless ISP service and neither a fiber build or wireless ISP tower is firmly scheduled for this summer for your location and you can afford it and you can see enough of the sky, you ought to order Starlink. It is certainly better quality than DSL from Consolidated if you have that option.
The Starlink service is about on a par today with what you might get from a cable company unless they are suppling fiber. It is about the same cost as fiber plans offering similar speeds – although this may be more speed than you need.
14.Is Starlink an opportunity for Vermont?
Starlink is an opportunity which many Vermonters are already taking advantage of on their own either because they have no other broadband service available or because they're not satisfied with their existing choices. Starlink is being used in locations which are shown on the most current maps from the Department of Public Service as having no service available which meets the State's minimum standards. Many more Vermonters are on the waiting list for Starlink
Without Starlink, there is no way to get broadband access NOW in places where it is most needed. With Starlink, the problem of accessibility becomes a problem of affordability
 1. Is a subsidy from the State needed to bring Starlink infrastructure to unserved parts of Vermont?
No. The common infrastructure for Starlink is the satellites SpaceX is launching and the Starlink-built ground stations around the world. Your dish and associated electronics don't depend on any terrestrial infrastructure in the State.
From a public policy point of view, it may well be desirable for the State to subsidize the one-time costs of hookup to services which are available now including Starlink where no other high-quality services are available.
 1. The legislature has authorized towns to form and join Communications Union Districts (CUDs) in order to bring broadband access to the places which don't have it. Will Starlink make it impossible for the CUDs to perform their mission?
No. The mission of the CUDs is to bring broadband to unserved Vermonters. Prior to the advent of services like Starlink, it was assumed that this meant bringing fiber to every home. CUDs other than ECFiber, which is already in operation, are not promising to get fiber to end-of-the-road locations which most need broadband for at least four years and even then at a very high infrastructure cost – often estimated at more than $3000 per house and escalating the less dense the neighborhood is.
The CUD mission of highspeed broadband everywhere in Vermont is made easier – and achievable sooner – with the option of using Starlink. CUDs can expand fiber out from the hubs without asking those at the end of the road to wait four years or more.
The CUD mission should not be limited to fiber as a solution. Starlink is a useful option for accomplishing the connectivity mission NOW. Those now ordering Starlink now are not waiting for fiber to reach them. If fiber does come to their neighborhoods at a reasonable cost and/or offers better service than Starlink, they can and will switch to the fiber provider. If fiber is not able to offer them better price performance, there is no point in building out the infrastructure.
 1. How do we know Starlink works in Vermont?
News stories on WCAX, in Seven Days, and on VPR cite successful installations. Reports on Stowe Front Porch Forum indicate generally good results. There is a very large Starlink community on Reddit where successes and failures are discussed. Many of these users are in climates more extreme than Vermont.
NEK Broadband, a communications union district in the Northeast Kingdom, is taking a survey of user experience with Starlink in Vermont. The results will be made public. If you have installed Starlink, it would be helpful if you could take a couple of minutes to complete this survey about your experience with the service: _URL_ . In addition, if you have friends in Vermont who have also installed Starlink, please consider bringing this survey to their attention by forwarding the link.
 1. How do I order Starlink?
_URL_. You must make a $99 refundable deposit with your order.
 1. How


Saturday, December 10, 2011
Comments on the Crash of Air France 447
The Airbus's vertical stabilizer recovered
I just read a couple of articles about the crash of Air France 447. My take, (as a mariner, I am not an aviator) is that the root cause of the crash was the failure to avoid bad weather.
The first article is from Popular Mechanics: Air France 447 Flight-Data Recorder Transcript - What Really Happened Aboard Air France 447 - Popular Mechanics
The factors which led to the crash were:
- The plane encountered bad weather
- An iced up pitot tubes caused a loss of aircraft speed data
-With the loss of airspeed data the computer disconnected the autopilot
- The controls switched modes from "normal law" to "alternate law
- The junior most pilot panicked and stalled the plane.
- The yoke system averaged the input from the pilots and co-pilots yoke but without providing information that one pilot was pulling full back, this made it impossible for the captain and other co-pilot to determine the cause of the plane's behavior.
Because of the unusual combination of factors above the crew flew a perfectly good, highly sophisticated plane with 228 passengers into the ocean.
The second article is from BoingBoing - the post is Disaster book club: What you need to read to understand the crash of Air France 447
This article points out that the crash is an example the type of incident described in the book Normal Accidents by Charles Perrow
I agree the accident could be viewed as a normal accident but my take is that the error made was the simple one of failing to avoid bad weather. The root cause can be found in the very first line from the synopsis in the Popular Mechanics article.
So it begins. It ends at 2h 11m when the plane hits the sea surface.
Had the plane flown around the bad weather, the latent conditions and the weird, unexpected failure path never would have been revealed.
One other point, you can't avoid heavy weather if you don't have or don't pay attention to the forecast. Typically, shipboard the mates will simply rip what ever comes off the INMARSAT printer and, regardless of it's relevancy, post it without reading it. I don't allow that. On my ship I have a specific, written procedure that insures the correct weather forecast is read, understood and posted.
Knowing the weather forecast is not just a way to avoid disaster. It also should be part of routine on a well run ship as weather impacts almost all maritime operations.
Avoid heavy weather - that's a principle I've posted about twice before: Parametric Rolling of a Car Carrier in a Head Sea
In that post I wrote: "
- avoid heavy weather. Hidden flaws, the so-called latent condition,..... are more likely to reveal themselves when the ship is being tossed about in bad weather, just when you can least afford to cope with it.
In the second post Heavy weather encounter - The Satori., I wrote:
It is not only the vessel that encounters heavy weather, it is the vessel, crew and cargo. Operating vessels, and their crews, near limits increases risks and chances of failure, - but the path of failure may not be the one expected.
 I've posted about normal accidents a couple of times: Normal Accidents and here "Thinking Like a Mariner - Managing the unexpected."
BTW - not much posting in the near future. I should be home again in March gw&wp
The Antipodean Mariner said...
Thanks Kennebec Captain for the posting and link to the PM article. AM has followed the Air France 447 story with interest as a modern case study of the failure of the Cockpit Resource Management model under stress.
Aviation appears to be much more subservient to ATC instructions - a good thing that Masters can still largely determine their own routes, even with the provision of ocean routing services.
George Marikas said...
Avoid heavy weather.. That's a good advise & warning
George Marikas


text:
What does the name Kipling mean? The meaning of the name Kipling is From Cuppel's People. The origin of the name Kipling is English. This is the culture in which the name originated, or in the case of a word, the language.
People who like the name Kipling also like: Oliver
, Caleb Pippa
Name Notes: Rudyard Kipling, author/poet.


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I am having difficulty understanding this question:
Graph the subspace spanned by the vectors $i = (3,-2,-1)^T$, $j = (-2,0,-1)^T$.
You don't have to graph it, but the answer for this problem is $z = (-3/5)x - (6/5)y$. I don't understand how to come up with that answer. I tried setting $i=-j$ but to no avail. Also, sorry for writing $i,j$ with $^T$, I do not know how to format it to make it look like a column vector.
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Are you sure that's the right answer? The points $(3,-2,-1)$ and $(-2,0,-1)$ don't seem to be on that plane. – yunone Sep 22 '12 at 7:27
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I think something is not quite right here.
Since we are in $\mathbb{R}^3$ we can find the normal to the plane spanned by $i, j$ by $i \times j = (2,5,-4)^T$, hence the equation of the plane is $\langle (x,y,z)^T, i \times j \rangle = 2x+5y-4z =0$, which gives $z = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
Here is another approach that does not use the cross product:
Suppose $(x,y,z) = a i + b j = (3a-2b, -2a, -(a+b))$. Then, from $y$ we have $a = -\frac{y}{2}$, and from $x$ we have $b = -\frac{3}{4} y -\frac{1}{2} x$. Then $z = -(a+b) = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
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How did you get z=1/2x + 5/4y and (2,5,-4)^T? We haven't been taught the cross product yet. – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 21:53
I added another approach. – copper.hat Sep 22 '12 at 22:00
I understand now because of your help, thank you very much copper!! – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 23:15
You are very welcome, glad to be of help. – copper.hat Sep 23 '12 at 0:30
Your Answer


Your Health
Why Your Drug Copay Could Change
Partner content from Kaiser Health News
How much a medicine costs you could vary depending on the value your insurer assigns to treatment.
How much a medicine costs you could vary depending on the value your insurer assigns to treatment. hide caption
itoggle caption
What if how much you paid for a drug was based on how much it might help you, instead of the sticker price?
Some big employers are already taking this tack, known as value-based insurance design, by lowering copayments for medicines to manage chronic conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. It helps that many of the most prescribed pills are now generic and pretty cheap.
It's a simple idea when applied this way. The companies figure that if people take those medicines and stay healthy, they'll avoid costly treatment down the road. By slashing copayments, the companies hope to remove a hurdle that might discourage people from sticking with the drugs.
Now some employers are thinking about adapting the approach for pricier specialty drugs, such as those used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and cancer, according to a recent report by the Center for Studying Health System Change.
These medicines are often very expensive and have no generic competition. So instead of charging a simple copay for these drugs, some health plans charge a percentage of the total cost, which can run to thousands of dollars a month.
It's one way that insurers and employers are looking to stem the rising costs of specialty drugs, whose growth is far outpacing that of traditional drugs.
But in the latest twist, some companies are looking to vary the copayment depending on the value the drugs provide.
It isn't easy. For starters, figuring out who is an "appropriate candidate" for specialty drugs can be tough, say experts including James Robinson, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley, who has published articles advocating this insurance model.
Even if a specialty drug has been proved clinically effective for certain conditions, should all patients pay the same amount for it? Take a drug like Enbrel, which is approved to treat inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. According to the HSC report, drugs of this type cost $14,455 per year, on average.
Psoriasis is disfiguring and uncomfortable, but not fatal, Robinson says, while rheumatoid arthritis is a much more disabling condition. In this case, a value-based insurance design approach might determine that "if you've got psoriasis, maybe you pay a 30 percent coinsurance for the drug," he suggests. "But if you've got rheumatoid arthritis, there's no copayment."
That's just the tip of the iceberg. "This stuff is complicated," says Robinson. "I don't want to blow you away with the intractability of the problem."
As spending on specialty drugs grows, and despite the difficulties, some experts predict more employers will adopt "value-based" principles for their workers' coverage.


Testing Limits
"Chestnut St."
Unfinished– watercolor 22 x 30
When are we NOT LEARNING how to paint? Do we ever stop learning? Should an artist only paint what he or she knows? If I am the person to answer, I would say absolutely NOT to the last question. It is ALWAYS about learning!
So, what should an artist be stretching to learn after painting for 22 years?
Let's start here: How about learning more about one's capability? What about testing one's self to remain in control no matter the circumstances at the easel? What of practice to smooth off rough edges in a project or series? How about testing "What Ifs" in color strategies? If you are a watercolorist, how about painting on wet paper and hurrying the process so the paper doesn't dry? Or, what about a challenge to finish a full sheet in 90 minutes and driving one's self a little bit nutz in the effort?
All of these things are about stretching. They are about experiencing circumstances out side of the comfort zone more often.....so when they really do arise in a serious painting situation, the artist is more comfortable in working through the 'emergency.' It is in these times of horsing around to find out what happens that an artist gains precious experience.
So!! You tell me. Which is more valuable? A wide range of experience, or a few successful paintings done in the artist's comfort zone? Do you suppose there is value in being able to anticipate the outcome of something the artist does, either by accident or deliberately? Of course there is! It is called mastery of the circumstances. And the only way one develops mastery is to try different stuff and create challenges. In other words, expand the comfort zone. So what if the painting tests aren't masterworks?
The above painting was done on wet, saturated paper inside of a time limit...in a fairly large format to cause me to hurry to keep up with the drying process. I had fun in the challenge, didn't finish, messed up perspective, but found some lovely little passages that made me want to do this again and again.
12 thoughts on "Testing Limits"
 1. Mike: you ask "So!! You tell me. Which is more valuable? A wide range of experience, or a few successful paintings done in the artist's comfort zone?" That's a BIG question. I'd say that both are valuable to the artist and to the viewing public. For instance, Leonardo daVinci developed a "comfortable" style for rendering people. It's instantly recognizable. He seemed to have spent more time inventing war machines and stretching his imagination there. However, we all find great value in his paintings. On the other hand, Jackson Pollock expanded far beyond his expertise in abstract expressionism to explore "drip painting." We value that experiment as well. I don't know that it has to be one or the other. For me, it's interesting to explore the possibilities with both paint and concepts, but I also value the few "good" paintings that I managed to paint in my "comfort zone."
 2. Kathy...I might have known you'd be the first to pipe up and comment...and perhaps lay out an argument. Glad you are pressing me to think again! Having done so, and knowing your paintings and artwork, I'll say without hesitation that had you not tested the limits way back when, you wouldn't have such a terrific 'comfort zone' from which you make such stunning paintings.
 So there!!! Nan na nan na na!! 🙂
 3. Hi Mike, Fun piece and thought provoking posting! Hopefully, the learning-v-comfort zone is an ever widening spiral…test, learn, get comfortable, test, learn, comfortable…
 I find delight in the relationships of your cars; adds to the feeling of a steep hill!
 4. Living and learning… That's what it's all about! I would love to have a few successful paintings done in my comfort zone while I explore a wide range of experience – and find new comfort zones in which to create a few successful paintings while I explore a wide range of experience…
 5. uh hem. Clears throat. Deep breath.
 What IS a successful painting?
 According to my very addled brain there are paintings we like, and paintings that we don't like. There are paintings that conform to accepted painterly conventions, and those that don't. There are paintings that achieve what we set out to achieve, and paintings that don't.
 There are paintings that break all the "rulz" yet still touch a nerve, stir a heart, pierce into that thing we call emotion.
 I wonder, what is this thing we call "success"?
 6. Brilliant! On so many levels! I hope the answer is a wide range of experience, because I'm always looking for the new thing to learn and would be bored to tears making the pretty pictures I know I could make over and over.
Join in and comment!


text:
Asia & South Pacific
- INTERPOL Kathmandu
Member since :
27 September 1967
Committed to protecting life and property and abiding by the principles of democracy and rule of law.
Headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP), the Nepal Police is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs and has a strength of 60,000 officers. Nepal is divided into five geographical policing regions in addition to the Kathmandu Metropolis. Each region is responsible for maintaining law and order on its territory.
Below are some of the specialized departments which make up the Nepal Police:
- Crime Investigation;
- Human Resources;
- Office of the Inspector General of Police;
- National Police Academy;
- Nepal Police Hospital;
- Narcotic Drugs Control and Law Enforcement;
- Traffic Control.
Also headed by the IGP, the INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) for Nepal is staffed by 17 police officers who regularly take part in INTERPOL seminars and training programmes.
- Intelligence exchange with INTERPOL member countries and the General Secretariat;
- Preparation and publication of INTERPOL Notices;
- Co-ordination with law enforcement agencies, ministries, diplomatic agencies and relevant non-governmental organizations;
- Intelligence analysis;
- Criminal record maintenance;
- Research and consultation to Nepalese ministries and governmental bodies about legal affairs such as extradition, deportation and legal instruments such as bi-lateral extradition treaties, multi-lateral extradition conventions, mutual legal assistance treaties etc.
NCB Kathmandu priority crime areas include:
- Drugs and organized crime;
- Trafficking in human beings and people smuggling;
- Financial and high tech crime;
- Public safety and terrorism;
- Arms smuggling;
- Vehicle crime;
- Money laundering and the financing of terrorism.
Red Notices 13
JAGADISH Age today: 50 years old
BHUPENDRA Age today: 40 years old


Directives are special commands that do NOT use a semicolon.
!clear Clear input from a mistake. This erases the active memory back to the last prompt (>). However, it does not erase the display.
!credits Display the credits and copyright information.
!include Execute an external ISETLW file. Example: !include discrete.stl
!memory Display or increase ISETLW memory partition.!memory will show the current memory allotment.
Example:!memory 500000 will increase this to 500K.
!rational This is used to work with rational fractions instead of decimal representations. Setting!rational on will allow the calculation 5/4 + 3/8; to give the answer 13/8. Using!rational off to go back to decimal representation will cause 5/4 + 3/8; to give 1.625.
!setrandom This controls whether sets are displayed in order or randomly. The default is!setrandom on. In this situation, the elements of a set can appear in any order. Using!setrandom off will cause the command {1..9}; to produce {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.


text:
With its bright pink flowers, the Chilean bellflower or copihue is an easily identifiable plant that is native to its namesake country. As the Chilean national flower, it's also an important symbol of the country's identity and culture.
1. The Chilean bellflower is the only species of the lapageria
Otherwise known as lapageria rosea, the Chilean bellflower is the only species from the genus lapageria.
2. It grows in areas of Valdivian temperate rainforests
Found predominantly in coastal parts of Southern Chile, Valdivian temperate rainforests are characterized by dense understories of bamboo and ferns and trees such as rauli and roble (two types of beech) or in different areas, pehuén and alerce (two species of evergreen conifer) dominating the forest canopy.
The Chilean bellflower is a pioneer species that colonizes disturbed areas of Valdivian temperate rainforests and thrives in damp areas of plentiful vegetation where temperatures range between 45˚F (7˚C) and 62˚F (16.5˚C).
3. Despite once growing widely, the Chilean bellflower is now rare
As a result of poorly controlled logging practices whereby native species are replaced by fast-growing pines and eucalyptus, much of the Valdivian temperate rainforest has been lost. As the main environment in which the Chilean bellflower grows, this has led to this once abundant plant becoming a rare and endangered species.
Although it used to be sold in rural markets, it is now much more difficult to find in Chile.
4. It's the Chilean national flower and a strong symbol of Chilean identity
In 1977, the Chilean bellflower was declared the national flower of Chile, a ruling that made it illegal for people to pick the plant in an effort to prevent it from extinction.
During the Chilean independence festivities held on September 18 and 19 each year, bars and ramadas (makeshift tents erected to hold the celebrations) are decorated with plastic Chilean bellflowers as a representation of Chilean identity and national pride.
It is an evergreen climbing plant
The Chilean bellflower is a climber that can reach up to 33ft (10m) and climbs up shrubs and trees. Its leaves are evergreen, grow in a pendant shape and have a waxy texture.
6. It blooms magnificent, bell-shaped flowers
Named after the shape of its blooms, the Chilean bellflower grows stunning 3in. (7.5cm) flowers made up of six tepals that are deep pink or red in color on the outside and have white speckling on the inside. In the wild, they are pollinated by hummingbirds.
7. It has a long flowering season
Beginning in the summer, the Chilean bellflower maintains its blooms until the fall.
8. But it takes plenty of time to flower
It can take up to ten years for the first blooms to grow on a Chilean bellflower
9. The name copihue has its origins in the indigenous Mapuche language
Copihue comes from the word "kopiwe" or "to be mouth down" and is the name given to the plant by the indigenous Mapuche people of Chile.
10. It now grows in other parts of the world
William Lobb, a plant collector from the UK sailed to Chile in the 1840s and took seeds from the Chilean bellflower back to his country. The plant was introduced into Kew Gardens as well as into gardens in France, where it still grows to this day.


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PdfPageObjectSmoothness Property
Gets or sets the precision with which color gradients are to be rendered on the output device.
Namespace: Patagames.Pdf.Net
Assemblies: Patagames.Pdf.Xamarin.iOS (in Patagames.Pdf.Xamarin.iOS.dll) Version: 4.52.2704
 Patagames.Pdf (in Patagames.Pdf.dll) Version: 4.52.2704
public float Smoothness { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: Single
A number in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
The value of this parameter gives the maximum error tolerance, expressed as a fraction of the range of each color component; smaller numbers give smoother color transitions at the expense of more computation and memory use.
The smoothness tolerance controls the quality of smooth shading (type 2 patterns and the sh operator) and thus indirectly controls the rendering performance. Smoothness is the allowable color error between a shading approximated by piecewise linear interpolation and the true value of a (possibly nonlinear) shading function. The error is measured for each color component, and the maximum error is used.The allowable error(or tolerance) is expressed as a fraction of the range of the color component, from 0.0 to 1.0. Thus, a smoothness tolerance of 0.1 represents a tolerance of 10 percent in each color component.
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