The Benefits and Advantages of Frequency Response Simulation in PCB Design
November 19, 2019 Cadence PCB Solutions
Collection of types of signals and waveforms
I often hear the question, does frequency really matter? Whether it is in the context of car audio, home audio, or PCB design, yes, frequency matters. The frequency response of any device that requires a particular resonance is vital to the overall design and performance of the device in question.
For example, I recall redesigning a car audio system for someone a few years ago. The recipient of this redesign was currently suffering from shock-induced anger, after spending $2,000 on a pair of subwoofers and an enclosure. It was not the price that had him up in arms, but rather the fact that his car was still reeking of the smell of burnt coils from an improper install.
Even in car audio, simulation is the key to proper design. Well, in this case, it's apparent that simulation was not part of the plan. The end result was him being embarrassed while demonstrating his new stereo via an epic YouTube fail. These are the types of situations that simulation can and will effectively help you to avoid. Whether you are tuning a bandpass enclosure or designing circuits for a PCB, frequency simulation is the key.
The Importance of Frequency Response Simulations
As a science fiction fan myself, I have seen my share of time-travel related movies, and they always seem to end the same. However, after viewing these movies, I always find myself asking the proverbial question; what if? The ability to know the outcome before the event even happens is one of the critical advantages of simulation software.
In terms of frequency response, simulations provide you with the ability to accurately predict the response of your circuit before you build it. Another advantage to this is, of course, it saves time, lowers cost, and it perfects your design. Furthermore, it also fosters innovation and advances the design process by allowing you to examine various models and configurations.
The Benefits and Advantages of SPICE Simulation
Across multiple sectors, fields, and disciplines, simulation is having a profound positive effect. Ask any engineer, and they will tell you that simulation software is an invaluable design tool. In terms of PCB design, simulation as a whole is the choice between designing your PCB correctly, and a science experiment that has gone wrong.
One of the primary advantages of using simulation software is the fact that it enables you to obtain valuable feedback when designing real-world circuits. Furthermore, this feedback does not come with the time or expenditure typically required to procure this much-needed design insight. This, in turn, allows the designer to determine the efficiency and correctness of their designs without the need to build the circuit or device first.
As a result, simulation software also allows the designer to explore the worthiness of alternate designs without ever building the actual device or circuit. Moreover, examining the effects of your design decisions during the design phase rather than the construction phase, saves time, money, and increases design quality.
Green representation of digital waveform
Digital signals mixing with analog signals have unique properties.
SPICE Simulation Software and Frequency Response Simulations
When using SPICE, it allows you to place probes and generate waveform plots for further analysis. This is made possible by its ability to determine intricate branch currents and node voltages at each frequency across your entire design.
Some of the primary functions SPICE can perform are as follows:
 - DC Sweep: Allows for the changing of component values (resistor value, voltage, or current) and graphing the results.
 - AC Sweep: Performs an analysis of the frequency response of a circuit (phase and gain).
 - Transient Analysis: Affords you the ability to set a period of time and analyze the response of your circuit within this timeframe.
 - It is worth noting that PSpice can provide an even more in-depth analysis of your circuits and circuit designs. The previously mentioned functions are only a part of what PSpice can afford you. The following are the other more advance simulation functions PSpice provides.
 - Sensitivity: Variations in manufactured components are natural. Sensitivity analysis lets you test circuit performance across the minimum and maximum tolerances for different component values and identify which elements are critical to your design goals.
 - Monte Carlo: Perform statistical Monte Carlo analysis on multiple components varied across their tolerance ranges to help predict your production yield under different conditions. This can be used to identify which parts can have their tolerances widened, reducing cost without sacrificing performance.
 - Smoke (Stress): Identify increases in junction temperature, secondary break-downs, power dissipation stresses, and voltage/current violations throughout your design.
 - Optimizer: Automatically optimize analog circuits and systems to find the best component values for your performance goals and constraints.
 - Parametric Plotter: Analyze/sweep multiple design and model parameters at once in plot or tabular form.
So, what type of simulation do you typically use for frequency response simulations? Well, the short answer is, a time domain simulation is ideal.
Graphic frequency waveform representation
SPICE can help with many aspects of your circuit design
Using Time Domain Simulations to Simulate Frequency Response
In regards to simulation software, time domain is the standard method for examining the behavior of an output signal for a given input signal (response). There are several reasons for this. First of all, when using time domain, you can calculate the current and voltage numerically across the entire circuit.
Secondly, you can examine the transitory behavior of a circuit to either a step response, like an input voltage switching from off to on or an impulse, such as a delta function input signal.
Finally, it affords you the ability to examine the response of a signal to a random input signal. You also have the option of using any input signal you choose as well as have these signals be a (repeating) waveform such as a triangle wave, digital pulse, or sawtooth wave. Also, you have the option of overlaying the input and output voltages to assess how the circuit influences the input signal. Furthermore, you gain a greater understanding of how a circuit performs when you examine the effects of input signal changes.
Frequency response simulations, like all simulations, are a vital part of PCB design. The use of simulations provide lower costs, saves time, increases design decision accuracy, and improves overall design quality. Having the ability to accurately predict the performance of an electronic circuit or device is an option every designer should utilize.
Alternatively, there are also AC simulations like AC sweep analysis wherein you can measure voltage and current changes with frequency. An AC sweep will enable you to calculate voltage and currents across a range of frequencies. Typically you will use a voltage source with an amplitude of 1V and use probes to generate the plots you need.
What is PSpice Simulation?
If you are like me, you probably have a couple of breadboards lying around, and believe me; they were once an invaluable tool. In some cases, they still have their uses, but overall, when addressing frequency response, simulation is the way to go.
In PCB design, obtaining an accurate frequency response throughout your circuit design is critical to the overall functionality of the PCB. With that in mind, the advantages and benefits of simulation (PSpice) software is a crucial part of ensuring proper design outcome.
So, what is PSpice? PSpice is an acronym for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. In a more generalized description, it is an electronic circuit simulation tool (Cadence). During operation, PSpice will typically utilize a netlist generated from an OrCAD Capture. However, there is an option to operate it from MATLAB/Simulink. In summary, PSpice allows you to analyze as well as simulate your mixed-signal and analog circuits within OrCAD.
Cadence's design and analysis tools, are sure to have your designers and production teams working together towards implementing frequency response simulation solutions for all of your PCB designs. OrCAD PSpice Simulator facilitates the implementation of frequency response simulations for all of your electronic circuit design needs, as well as many other types of simulation to ensure top design security.
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Explaining the relationship between GDP and the business cycle can be quite difficult since it requires understanding both these terms individually. Both these terms are dependent on each other, though, and are a reflection of the nation's economic health.
With regards to the aforementioned query and the following answer, we would be covering four broad spectrum's of economic theory and thought. Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall's logic, Keynesian thought for the demand and supply analysis, and the overall logic of macro and micro economics. To understand the relationship between GDP and business cycle, it is first necessary to understand the meaning of each of them and how they have an influence on each other.
Definitions and Meaning of GDP and Business Cycle
In this answer, it must be noted that no complex incomprehensible theories have been used, instead a simple logic has been used to back up the relationship in the two concepts. However before we take a look at how and why these conditions affect each other, it is essential to know the definition of the two concepts.
Gross Domestic Product
A gross domestic product is principally the total of all the goods and services which have been produced within a nation's borders in one accounting year. The common formula for GDP goes as follows:
C + G + I + NX
Where C is the private consumption and spending, G is the government spending, I is the spending for business and NX is the difference between imports and exports. On the whole a GDP provides a great overview and indication of the production, spending and income earning capacity of the economy.
While reading the answer to the question, what is the relation between GDP and business cycle, note that here we will be dealing with 4 business cycles that affect the economic indicators and not the 5 classifications of business cycles that are based upon the time duration of cycle. The 4 business cycles include the following:
The economy of each and every nation goes through these changes continually, and there is no economy that has not experienced this cycle. These cycles are triggered by several factors such a lack of resources, laws, foreign policy, politics, war, economic health of the private sector, etc. The factors may affect the economic situation either collectively in individually. The change of cycle in a negative gear indicates that the balanced equilibrium of the economy has been disturbed and the economic machinery is not functioning in proper manner, and there is need for change.
Relation Between GDP and the Business Cycle
The aforementioned business cycles have a profound effect on the GDP. There is no specified theory or equation or rational formula that establishes the relation between the GDP and the business cycle, or the effect that a business cycle on a GDP. Also it must be noted every cycle, GDP and the status of the economy which it represents, is unique and every cycle has to be dealt with a different approach.
Here is what exactly happens with each cycle. Now to understand the table, imagine a fat 'U' that is the letter 'U' not 'U' as in 'you'. Sorry ladies, for the rude shock. The left upper section of the U is 'slump'. The tapering downward slope is a recession. The upward going slope is the 'recovery', and the portion above it is a 'boom'.
|Business Cycle||Meaning||Characteristics and Merits||Demerits||Effect on GDP and National Economy|
|Slump||A slump is a time period where the equating balance of the equilibrium of the economy degrades due to some cause resulting into the drop in output and growth of the economy.||Common characteristics of the slump period includes a reduction in output which leads to reduction in demand. As customers start to spend lesser and save more as they ready themselves for a recession, an even greater drop in output is witnessed.||The confidence of the economy is shaken due to the slump and in this period, some businesses start to incur losses, bad debts and drop in the inward cash flow is observed. The comprehensive is accumulated in places such as savings accounts and the net drop in all outflow of goods occurs.||In this cycle, the GDP of the nation starts dropping and the key initiative of the people is to save and lessen spending. In this cycle, a distinctive rise in the imports is observed. So basically the GDP of the nation drops down as a result of decreased economic activity and lack in resource input and output sales values.|
|Recession||The grave follow-up of the slump cycle is the recession, where an acute and drastic drop in the level of total goods and products manufactured is seen. The only merit, per se being that the consumers in the economy go into a relatively healthy cycle of lots of savings and the less demand leads to a substantial drop down in the general price levels.||Negative aspects are not just substantial in number, but they also tend to have a substantial effect on the economy. The prominent effect is that the employment levels and the levels of production drop. Lack of proper resource supply, bankruptcy and high government spending are some of other important aspects of a recession||In this stage, the GDP drops down substantially due to decreased spending, unemployment and bankruptcy, a further decrease in the demand, decreases the level of production, together affect the GDP.||During the periods of recession the levels of GDP rapidly drop, often at alarming rates.|
|Recovery||Recovery is the process where the economy starts to recover from the reduced GDP and comes back to a normal status.||The principle characteristic of such an economic situation is that the production and economic activities are renewed and some of the crucial negative aspects of economy such as bankruptcy and unemployment are significantly curtailed, exports start increasing and imports are controlled or eliminated to the extent of achieving self sufficiency.||There are almost no or few potential demerits of such a state of the economy, a prominent problem being that this very state of the economy can lead out into a recessionary cycle.||A slow, steady and gradual rise in the GDP would be observed in such a recovery stage.|
|Boom||A boom is a period of substantial rise in the output and manufacturing volumes. In such a case the growth or the amount of inward cash flow goes on increasing and so does the volume of export.||This cycle results in a rapid growth, in monetary terms, quick profits, self-reliance, favorable trade and a drastic rise in overall income level of the population.||There is a strong chance of rise in the level of general inflation and there is also a substantial risk of facing what is known as overspending.||The GDP of the nation increases substantially in this time period.|
Apart from these aforementioned facts and effects there are several other factors that are bound to influence the GDP at the same time.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Top 13 Solutions to Fix Android WiFi Authentication Problem
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Did you try to connect to a Wi-Fi network recently, but got an authentication problem? Or, did you try to connect your Android device to a Wi-Fi network that you have used with the smartphone before, but authentication error occurred? Don't worry, because this issue is common in some Android smartphones and can be fixed easily.
The authentication error may occur suddenly even if you are sure that you have used the correct Wi-Fi password. This can be annoying when you want to use the internet urgently and it can be even worse when you are unable to use your mobile network. This problem can occur because of various reasons. There can be an issue with the wireless network or with your Android phone or both.
We have given the top 13 solutions in this guide to solve the authentication error Wi-Fi problem. You just need to follow these steps carefully.
Part 1. What Does It Mean When Wi-Fi Says Authentication Problem?
The Wi-Fi authentication error occurs when you are unsuccessfully trying to connect to any Wi-Fi network with the correct password.
Normally, when you try to connect to a Wi-Fi network, the device will connect to that network and save the password. But with this problem, you will get a notification telling that it is authenticating and after a few minutes, you will see "authentication problem" under the network name you are trying to connect to.
When you are trying to connect to a Wi-Fi network, the device will first send a connection request, in an encrypted form, along with the password to the router. Then, the router will compare the password stored on it with the received data.
If the data matches, it will send a signal and the device will get connected. If it doesn't, you will get an authentication error. So, the Android Wi-Fi authentication problem will not let your device connect to the Wi-Fi network.
Part 2. Why Does Authentication Error Occur with Wi-Fi on Android?
The Wi-Fi authentication problem can occur due to multiple reasons. Let's see the possible reasons for this error.
 - Whenever the router malfunctions, your device will not connect to Wi-Fi and will deliver a notification saying an authentication error.
 - Have you recently updated your device? If yes, the issue might be with its drivers.
 - The connection between the device and router must be stable otherwise the authentication error can occur.
 - Are you sure you are connecting to the correct Wi-Fi network? You may try to connect to a network with the duplicate name for many times. In such a case, you will get the authentication error.
 - Sometimes, based on user's settings, the number of devices that can use the Wi-Fi network is limited. Your device won't connect to the network if that number exceeds.
Part 3. 6 Advanced Ways to Fix Authentication Problem on Android
Most users do not want to waste time trying too many ways to fix this, so the advanced ways are recommended first.
1. Change Wireless Network Configuration from DHCP to Static
An IP conflict can cause any type of connection to drop, regardless of the wireless router you use. Even the Android devices can face such kind of issue, giving you authentication error. Solve this issue by changing the setting from DHCP, which is the default setting, to Static IP.
Step 1: Open Settings and choose the Wi-Fi connection.
Step 2: Long press on the Wi-Fi name and choose Modify Network.
Step 3: Check the Show Advanced Settings box and then look for IP settings. Now, change the network from DHCP to Static.
Step 4: You will see an IP address field below. Note down and save the information that is in the static IP address field and then delete it.
Step 5: After a few seconds, re-enter the same information and then save it.
Contact your service provider if you are unsure of the settings that are displayed.
2. Update Android OS
Always make sure that your Android OS is updated to the latest version. When you don't update the device, the chances are that many of the bugs will not be solved.
Step 1: Go to Settings -> About Phone.
Step 2: The "System Updates" option will be displayed. This will show if there is an update available. In some Android models, there will be a separate tab for System Update in the Settings.
Step 3: Now, if there is an update available, download the update first and then install it.
Step 4: You will be asked to reboot the device. Confirm and check if the issue is solved.
3. Use WPS Push Button
WPS, also known as Wi-Fi Protected Setup, is a security standard for creating a home network without any password.
Step 1: Go to Settings -> Wireless & Networks -> Advanced Settings. Depending on your modes, you can find multiple WPS options.
Step 2: Tap on a WPS Push-button. WPS setup, waiting for configuration from your router, will appear on your screen.
Step 3: On your router, press the WPS button and wait for the connection to establish.
4. Use A Specialized Android System Repair Tool
Sometimes this authentication error will occur due to unknown software problems, so the best way is to rely on a professional Android system repair tool to help you. Here iMyFone Fixppo for Android is highly recommended. It has the highest repairing rate and speed, so all related Android issues can be solved within minutes. In addition, it has been trusted by many famous websites.
The steps are very simple: download the proper firmware -> enter device into download mode with the on-screen instructions -> start to fix automatically. So what are you waiting for? Download the free trial version now!
5. Factory Reset Your Android Device
When you have tried all the possible solutions for solving this problem and still you are getting Wi-Fi authentication error, the last option is to factory reset your Android smartphone. Please note that this method will erase all the data on your device.
When you perform a factory reset, all the Android apps and data will be removed and all the settings will be reset to default. So before performing the factory reset, make sure that you back up all the personal data of your device.
6. Contact Your Mobile Carrier
Even after trying all the methods if you see Wi-Fi authentication error, you need to contact your mobile carrier to check whether there is something wrong with the hardware. Don't forget to mention the solutions you have already tried for solving this error so that you don't have to go through the above methods again.
Part 4. Common Checks to Fix Android Wi-Fi Authentication Problem
Just like most of the issues, there cannot be a single solution for the Wi-Fi authentication problem. If you want to use the simple ways first, try these following solutions one by one for solving the Android Wi-Fi authentication problem.
1. Reset the Wi-Fi Network
To solve this error, the first thing you can do is to reset the connection between the router and the Android device. This solution has helped many users in solving the Wi-Fi authentication error. When you reset, many other network-related issues also get solved.
Step 1: Open Settings and open Wi-Fi under Network Connections.
Step 2: Multiple Wi-Fi connection names will be listed. Find the one you are trying to connect to and then long-press on it. Two options will be shown-Forget Network and Modify Network.
Step 3: Choose the Forget Network option.
Step 4: Now enter the password and try to reconnect to the Wi-Fi network. Check if the device is connected to the network.
2. Restart the Router
Sometimes the electronic devices start working correctly when restarted. All the elements in the device will start afresh, thereby solving the issues you are facing. So, try to restart the router to see if you are able to connect your device to the Wi-Fi network.
Step 1: Press the switch and turn off the wireless router. Wait for a few minutes and then turn on the router.
Step 2: It will take time before any device can connect to the router.
Step 3: Now, connect your device and check if the connection is established.
3. Reset Network Settings
One of the simplest solutions is to reset the network settings of your Android device. All the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and mobile network settings will be reset to the factory settings.
Step 1: Open Settings and go to Backup & Reset.
Step 2: Next, go to the Network Reset settings option.
Step 3: Tap on Reset Settings and wait for the process to complete.
Step 4: Once the process completes, open the Wi-Fi settings and try to connect to the Wi-Fi network.
4. Turn Airplane Mode on/off
Many of us use the Airplane mode either when we want to play a game without any disturbance or when we board a plane. Turning on Airplane mode can be useful because often the mobile network signal may interfere with the wireless network. When you enable the Airplane mode, the RF signal transmission on your phone is turned off.
Step 1: Open Settings on your device and turn off the mobile and Wi-Fi network. You can also do this by pulling down the quick settings menu.
Step 2: Now, turn on the Airplane mode.
Step 3: With the Airplane mode on, turn on Wi-Fi on your device and connect to the wireless network. If your device gets connected to the Wi-Fi network successfully, you can open settings and turn off the Airplane mode.
5. Check the Number of Supported Devices
Few modems can support only a certain number of devices. You need to check through the manufacturer or the service provider. Now, go to the Wi-Fi router settings and check the maximum number of devices


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Relationships between perceived features and similarity of images: A test of Tversky's Contrast Model
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The rapid growth of the numbers of images and their users as a result of the reduction in cost and increase in efficiency of the creation, storage, manipulation, and transmission of images poses challenges to those who organize and provide access to images. One of these challenges is similarity matching, a key component of current content-based image retrieval systems. Similarity matching often is implemented through similarity measures based on geometric models of similarity whose metric axioms are not satisfied by human similarity judgment data. This study is significant in that it is among the first known to test Tversky's contrast model, which equates the degree of similarity of two stimuli to a linear combination of their common and distinctive features, in the context of image representation and retrieval. Data were collected from 150 participants who performed an image description and a similarity judgment task. Structural equation modeling, correlation, and regression analyses confirmed the relationships between perceived features and similarity of objects hypothesized by Tversky. The results hold implications for future research that will attempt to further test the contrast model and assist designers of image organization and retrieval systems by pointing toward alternative document representations and similarity measures that more closely match human similarity judgments.


Thursday 19 March 2009 by Theresa Cronk. 7 comments.
Personal Stories First World War, sheet music, bands, Battalion marches
What do a concert pianist, an Indian bandmaster and an Australian militia bandmaster have in common? Each of these individuals composed a march that would eventually be adopted as the regimental march of an Australian Imperial Force infantry battalion during the First World War. Many were popular songs of the period.
Read on


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China magnesium die casting is one of the best magnesium die casting parts on the world today.
What is magnesium die casting
Magnesium die casting is a manufacturing process that involves the use of magnesium alloys to create complex shapes and components. The process is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries, where lightweight, strong, and durable components are required. In this blog post, we will explore what magnesium die casting is, how it works, and its advantages and disadvantages.
China is a major player in the global magnesium die casting industry, with a large number of manufacturers and suppliers offering a wide range of products. In this article, we will explore the benefits of using China magnesium die casting, the production process, and tips for finding reliable Chinese suppliers.
Benefits of Using China Magnesium Die Casting
There are several reasons why companies choose to use China magnesium die casting for their manufacturing needs. Some of the key benefits include:
- Cost: China is known for its low labor and production costs, which can result in significant cost savings for manufacturers. This is especially true for companies located in countries with higher labor costs.
- Quality: Despite its reputation for low-cost manufacturing, China has made significant strides in terms of quality control. Many Chinese manufacturers have adopted advanced production techniques and quality control measures to ensure the production of high-quality parts.
- Speed: China magnesium die casting manufacturers are known for their fast turnaround times, making them a popular choice for companies with tight production schedules.
- Wide Selection: China has a large number of magnesium die casting manufacturers and suppliers, offering a wide range of products and customization options.
Production Process of Chinese Magnesium Die Casting
The production process of Chinese magnesium die casting is similar to that of other countries, involving several steps including melting, injection, and cooling.
- Melting: The first step in the production process is to melt the magnesium alloy. This is typically done using an electric furnace, where the alloy is heated to a temperature of around 700°C.
- Injection: Once the magnesium alloy is in a molten state, it is injected into the die casting mold under high pressure. The mold is made of steel or another durable material and is designed to create the desired shape of the finished product.
- Cooling: After the magnesium alloy is injected into the mold, it is allowed to cool and solidify. This process can be accelerated by using water or air cooling. Once the magnesium has cooled and solidified, the mold is opened, and the finished product is removed.
Quality Control and Standards in China Magnesium Die Casting
Quality control and standards play a crucial role in ensuring the production of high-quality magnesium die castings in China. Here is an explanation of quality control and standards in China's magnesium die casting industry:
- Compliance with international standards and certifications: China's magnesium die casting manufacturers strive to meet international standards such as ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems) and ISO/TS 16949 (Quality Management Systems for Automotive Production and Relevant Service Parts Organizations). Compliance with these standards demonstrates their commitment to quality management systems and processes.
- Quality control measures in manufacturing processes: Chinese magnesium die casting companies employ various quality control measures during production. These measures include:
a. Inspection and testing of raw materials: Manufacturers inspect and test the magnesium alloys used as raw materials to ensure they meet the required specifications. This involves assessing the chemical composition, purity, and mechanical properties of the alloys.
b. Process control techniques: Magnesium die casting processes involve controlling various parameters such as temperature, pressure, and cycle times. Manufacturers implement process control techniques to maintain consistency and quality throughout the production process. Monitoring and controlling these variables help minimize defects and ensure product integrity.
c. Statistical process control (SPC) methods: SPC involves using statistical techniques to monitor and control the production process. By analyzing process data, manufacturers can identify variations and trends, allowing them to take corrective actions and maintain quality standards.
- Testing and inspection methods for ensuring product quality: Chinese magnesium die casting manufacturers employ various testing and inspection methods to ensure product quality. These methods include:
a. Non-destructive testing: Visual inspection, X-ray, and ultrasonic testing are commonly used non-destructive testing methods. These techniques help detect surface defects, internal voids, and other potential quality issues without damaging the castings.
b. Dimensional measurement and tolerance verification: Manufacturers measure the dimensions of magnesium die castings using precision tools to ensure they meet the required specifications and tolerances.
c. Mechanical property testing: Magnesium die castings undergo mechanical property testing to assess their strength, hardness, and other mechanical characteristics. Tensile strength testing and hardness testing are commonly performed.
d. Surface finish evaluation and quality assessment: The surface finish of magnesium die castings is evaluated to ensure it meets the specified requirements. This includes assessing factors such as texture, smoothness, and appearance.
e. Metallurgical analysis and microstructure examination: Manufacturers conduct metallurgical analysis and examine the microstructure of magnesium die castings. This helps assess the material's grain structure, porosity, and other metallurgical properties, ensuring they meet the desired standards.
- Traceability and documentation: Traceability and documentation are important aspects of quality control in magnesium die casting. Manufacturers establish systems to track and identify materials, components, and production processes. This allows for traceability throughout the production cycle and enables effective quality management. Documentation of manufacturing parameters, inspections, and test results helps maintain records and ensures transparency and accountability.
- Continuous improvement and corrective actions: Chinese magnesium die casting companies emphasize continuous improvement in quality control. They employ quality improvement methodologies such as Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing to identify areas for improvement, reduce defects, and enhance overall quality. Root cause analysis is performed to identify the underlying causes of quality issues, and corrective actions are implemented to prevent recurrence.
- Supplier quality management: Chinese magnesium die casting manufacturers establish robust supplier quality management processes. This includes evaluating and selecting reliable and qualified suppliers who meet quality standards. Ongoing performance monitoring of suppliers ensures consistent quality of raw materials and components.
- Industry collaborations and standards development: Chinese magnesium die casting manufacturers actively participate in industry associations and organizations related to the industry. They collaborate with industry stakeholders, share knowledge and experiences, and contribute to the development of industry standards and best practices.
By implementing these quality control measures and adhering to international standards, China's magnesium die casting industry aims to achieve the following outcomes:
Consistent product quality: By implementing rigorous quality control measures, Chinese manufacturers strive to ensure consistent quality in their magnesium die castings. This consistency is crucial for meeting customer expectations and building a strong reputation in the market.
Customer satisfaction: The adherence to quality standards and the implementation of effective quality control measures contribute to enhanced customer satisfaction. Meeting or exceeding customer requirements in terms of product performance, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish helps build trust and long-term relationships with customers.
Reduced defects and waste: Through continuous improvement efforts and quality control measures, Chinese manufacturers aim to minimize defects and waste in the production process. This leads to higher efficiency, reduced costs, and improved overall productivity.
Compliance with regulatory requirements: China's magnesium die casting industry places importance on complying with relevant regulations and industry standards. This ensures that the produced castings meet safety, environmental, and other regulatory requirements, both domestically and for export purposes.
Competitive advantage: Adhering to international quality standards and delivering high-quality magnesium die castings gives Chinese manufacturers a competitive edge in the global market. It allows them to compete effectively with manufacturers from other countries and attract customers who value product quality.
Continuous improvement culture: Quality control efforts in China's magnesium die casting industry foster a culture of continuous improvement. By analyzing data, identifying areas for enhancement, and implementing corrective actions, manufacturers strive to drive continuous improvement in their processes, products, and overall quality management systems.
Innovation and technological advancement: Quality control practices also promote innovation and technological advancements in the magnesium die casting industry. By focusing on quality, manufacturers are driven to explore new materials, process optimization techniques, and advanced inspection methods, leading to advancements in the field.
Quality control and adherence to standards are integral to China's magnesium die casting industry. These practices help ensure the production of high-quality castings, meet customer expectations, drive competitiveness, and contribute to the industry's growth and success.
Challenges and Future Prospects in China Magnesium Die Casting:
- Environmental concerns: The production of magnesium and magnesium alloys involves energy-intensive processes and can have environmental impacts. The industry faces challenges in minimizing energy consumption, reducing emissions, and adopting sustainable practices to mitigate environmental concerns.
- Material availability and cost: Magnesium is not as abundantly available as other metals, which can lead to fluctuations in its availability and cost. Ensuring a stable and cost-effective supply of magnesium alloys is a challenge for manufacturers in China.
- Technological advancements: The magnesium die casting industry is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology. Manufacturers in China face the challenge of staying updated with the latest technological trends, such as advanced simulation software, process optimization techniques, and automation, to improve productivity and maintain a competitive edge.
- Skills and expertise: The production of high-quality magnesium die castings requires skilled labor and expertise in die design, process optimization, and quality control. Developing and retaining a skilled workforce is a challenge for the industry, as it requires continuous training and knowledge transfer.
- Quality control and consistency: Ensuring consistent quality in magnesium die castings can be challenging due to factors such as material variations, process complexities, and dimensional tolerances. Maintaining strict quality control measures and process standardization is crucial to overcome this challenge.
- Lightweighting in automotive and aerospace: The demand for lightweight materials in industries such as automotive and aerospace is growing to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Magnesium die casting offers significant weight reduction opportunities, and it is expected to play a vital role in the future as these industries continue to prioritize lightweighting.
- Advancements in alloy development: Researchers are constantly exploring


Using the SMPH Departmental VPN
Running and adding users to the VPN used by SMPH departments for access to network resources
SMPH has created a mechanism to allow each department to provide a dedicated VPN service that allows users in that department to access some network services. After an individual has their NetID added to the appropriate Manifest group and then connects to the SMPH VPN portal they will be allocated an IP number in a range that allows access to departmental resources. There are a few steps involved:
Step 1: Configure access by the department:
Each department is assigned a Manifest group that is used to control which users are allowed to connect to that department's VPN service.The groups are in a path created for SMPH VPN access.The department IT manager adds (or removes) NetIDs to the Manifest group members as needed:
Step 2: Users run the Global Protect VPN client and authenticate to the SMPH VPN portal ( using their NetID:
Global protect
Step 3: Check status of clients connected to SMPHSF. If you have read access to the Palo Alto find the SMPHSF gateway on the Network tab and click on Remote Users:
VPN portal users
Information on connected clients is shown as follows:
user clients


MSF is an independent international medical relief organisation, with 28 offices worldwide. When large-scale epidemics occur, when areas in crisis are too dangerous for many other organisations, then our medical teams are there to assist the affected population. We organise basic medical care, treat the injured, carry out vaccination campaigns, train local staff and build up medical infrastructure. In long-term aid projects our teams fight diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, sleeping sickness, and HIV/AIDS.
tasks and responsibilities
When technical equipment is scarce, your clinical abilities and ingenuity are even more important.
As a gynecologist on duty for an MSF assignment, you carry a lot of responsibility. You are responsible for all gynecological procedures and manage the entire obstetrics service: emergency care, outpatient care, the delivery room and the maternity ward. You will have to manage unusual illnesses and complications without the usual technical resources, and both your clinical skills and resourcefulness will be required. On top of that there will be short nights, often you will be on duty around the clock.
Your duties will also include providing guidance and training to your colleagues in the field. Since in many countries it is hard for a woman to imagine being treated by a male gynecologist, we are mainly looking for women, preferably those who have French language skills.
Our Requirements
 - A completed specialist training as a gynecologist
 - Extensive experience in obstetrics and gynecological surgery: for example, complicated births and caesarean sections, hysterectomy, ectopic pregnancies, multiple births and the management of all complications.
 - If possible, knowledge of tropical medicine
 - Experience in team leadership and professional guidance, education or training is an advantage
 - Availability for at least three months, a longer period would be desirable.
 - Fluent English, knowledge of French is a big plus, other languages such as Arabic are also an advantage
 - If possible, travel or work experience in African, Asian or Latin American countries
 - Ability to work in a team, cultural sensitivity, organizational and improvisational skills, as well as high mental and physical resilience
 - Willingness to work in accordance with Médecins Sans Frontières humanitarian principles, charter and mission statement
What do we offer
 - Salary sufficient to cover costs at home while you are in the field
 - A per diem during assignment to cover food expenses and other local purchases in local currency
 - Round-trip transportation to and from assignment
 - Room and board during assignment
 - A comprehensive insurance package, including health and emergency evacuation insurance
 - Holiday leave (depending on project)
We strongly recommend that you attend a webinar or HR info event about working with MSF to learn more about responsibilities and requirements before you apply.
As an international organization, we support diversity, openness and mutual respect. In line with our values, incoming applications are only evaluated for their professional qualifications and are considered regardless of ethnic and social origin, religion or belief, gender, sexual orientation, disability or age.
We look forward to your application.
Human Resources
Am Köllnischen Park 1, 10179 Berlin, Germany
Zurück zu offene Stellen Online-Bewerbung E-Mail-Bewerbung
Impressum Datenschutzhinweise
Back to overview Online application


- "Genshin Impact" has a few hidden mechanics that the game does not explain to players
 - The ICD system dictates the frequency in which elemental auras are applied by attacks
 - This system has a number of rules and exceptions for every character
The combat system in "Genshin Impact" is easy to understand and even easier to use in practice. However, there are plenty of things happening behind the scenes that the average player may not immediately notice. The ICD mechanic falls under this category.
Exploiting the ICD is important for maximizing damage output in "Genshin Impact." Much like the Elemental Gauge Theory, the game doesn't explain this mechanic at all, but members of the "Genshin Impact" community have put it upon themselves to try and discover how ICDs work by themselves.
What Are ICDs?
ICD, or Internal Cooldown, is a hidden mechanic that affects the frequency in which elemental attacks apply elemental auras on the same enemy. Simply put, elemental attacks can only apply elemental auras to enemies depending on their independent internal cooldown timers. Attacks cannot apply elemental auras in quick succession, except for some specific abilities.
There are two rules that determine when an aura can be applied:
 1. Attacks can only apply auras every 2.5 seconds.
 2. Attacks will reapply an aura after three hits.
These rules are independent of each other. For example, if Hu Tao inflicts a Pyro aura on an enemy, she will not be able to inflict another Pyro aura for the next 2.5 seconds or until she hits the same enemy four times in quick succession. If she fails to hit the enemy four times after 2.5 seconds, then her ICD will reset by virtue of the first rule.
Hu Tao, the 77th Director of the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor - Genshin Impact Hu Tao, the 77th Director of the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor Photo: Genshin Impact
Different attacks have unique ICD tags attached to them. These tags simply serve as indicators that let the game know what type of attack is being used.
Some attacks, such as Ganyu's charged shots, have no ICD timers and will always apply auras so long as they hit.
How To Exploit ICDs
Knowing a character's ICDs can help increase the efficiency of element application. This will help players make sure that no attacks go to waste when chaining elemental reactions.
For example, Diona's constellation passive that makes her aimed shots charge faster will not affect her aimed shot ICD, which means that every other hit on an enemy will not inflict Cryo.
Alternatively, each hit of Diluc's Elemental Skill will apply Pyro because each strike has a different ICD tag.
Working around ICDs is what makes quick-swap teams very viable. Players will be able to constantly apply and reapply an element so long as they use different attacks from different characters. This can result in big combos filled with elemental reactions if played properly.
Here's a detailed overview of ICDs provided by TenTen, one of the community's most helpful content creators for in-depth "Genshin Impact" information:


text:
Why Do Beautiful Women Sometimes Marry Unattractive Men?
It may be that the unattractive man has a lot of money, or some other compelling attribute.
But a new study by Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist at the London School of Economics, suggests it may be a simple supply-and-demand issue: there are more beautiful women in the world than there are handsome men.
Why? Kanazawa argues it's because good-looking parents are 36% more likely to have a baby daughter as their first child than a baby son — which suggests, evolutionarily speaking, that beauty is a trait more valuable for women than for men. The study was conducted with data from 3,000 Americans, derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and was published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology.
According to this news article, "Selection pressure means when parents have traits they can pass on that are better for boys than for girls, they are more likely to have boys. Such traits include large size, strength and aggression, which might help a man compete for mates. On the other hand, parents with heritable traits that are more advantageous to girls are more likely to have daughters."
Beauty is apparently just one "female" trait. Kanazawa has done previous research suggesting that nurses, social workers and kindergarten teachers — those with "empathic" traits — also had more daughters than sons. Meanwhile, he found that scientists, mathematicians and engineers are more likely to have sons than daughters.
It is good that Kanazawa is only a researcher and not, say, the president of Harvard. If he were, that last finding about scientists may have gotten him fired.
(Hat tip: Nadine Groney)


162, today +7
India Himachal Pradesh MehatpurBasdehra Published June 12, 2021 ID #645
What are the health benefits of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana)?
The health benefits of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) are explained in an ancient classic textbook called "Kashyapa Samhita." According to Ayurvedic texts Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) shows following benefits. 1. Boosts Immune system
2. Enhances Memory
3. Improves Digestion
Swarna Prashana accelerates the process of digestion and hence improves the absorption of essential nutrients from food. Many children often suffer from gastric discomfort and reduced appetite. Swarna Prashana improves appetite and thus promotes healthy body growth.
4. Nourishes the skin
Good skin is a sign of good health. Swarna Prashana expels the unwanted toxins from the body causing total body de-toxification. It also improves the blood circulation which further results in improved skin texture and imparts glow to the skin.
5. Reduces mental agitation
6. Improves hearing and vision
Swarna Prashana is known to improve the sense of hearing and vision.
7. Improves overall physical and mental health
Swarna Prashana improves the blood circulation in the body and also stimulates the nervous system, thereby leading to overall good physical and Mental Health. What Does Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) Contain?
Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) is a unique combination of Swarna bhasma (gold ash) mixed with honey and ghee that is fortified with arka, an herbal extracts like vacha, brahmi, shankupushpi, etc.
How Does It Work?
Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) contains gold as the main ingredient. It is made into Suvarna bhasma through a special process because gold cannot be consumed in its metallic form. Gold is known to boost Immunity as well as enhance memory.
Another important ingredient present in Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) is the honey. Honey is prepared by collection of pollen grains. Since pollen grains are known to cause allergic reactions, consumption of honey in very low doses is believed to gradually prepare the body to fight against other allergens. Honey is also known to act against inflammation and improve digestion.
Ghee or Ghrita which is the third important component of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana), acts as an effective medium in which herbal medications can be prepared. Ghee or Ghrita shows unique properties of acquiring the medicinal values of herbs added to it.
Who Should Have Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana)?
Swarna Prashna can be given to anyone aged 0 to 16 years. It can be taken daily for a period of 30 days or can be taken specifically on the pushya nakshatra.
When to take:
1. On an empty stomach preferably in the morning
2. Do not have food at least for 30 minutes after consumption of swarnaprashan
Importance of Pushya Nakshatra For Swarna Prashna
It is recommended that Swarna Prashna should be taken on pushya nakshatra. Pushya refers to nourishment and pushya nakshatra is one of the most auspicious of the 27 nakshatras. The symbol of pushya nakshtra is the cow udder. If observed on the pushya nakshatra, the stars in the sky appear in an arrangement that that creates cow udder. Cow udder is associated with nourishment and so the Swarna Prashna is taken on pushya nakshatra to get optimum nourishment and benefits. Swarna Prashna can be consumed on a
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August 16, 2006
Create an Email Blacklist in Gmail
If you constantly receive messages you'd like to ignore from the same persons or Gmail's spam filters aren't too good for you, it's time to create a blacklist. How to do that in Gmail?
1. Go to Contacts, click on Groups and create a new group (let's say "Blacklist").
2. Click on "All contacts", check the email addresses you don't like and add them to the group (at the bottom of the window).
Each time you send a message to someone not in your Contacts list, Gmail will automatically add the person for you. So if you didn't reply to a person, you'll have to add the mail address in the last step.
3. Go to Groups / Blacklist and click "Compose to group". Copy the text from the "to" field.
4. Paste it here and click "convert". Then click on the resulting text and copy it. (This is a simple JavaScript. No address will be sent to a server.)
5. Create a new filter. Paste the text obtained above in the "from" field, check "Also apply to..." and "Delete it".
If you want to add more addresses, edit the filter by appending " OR newaddress1 OR newaddress2... OR newaddressN" in the From field.
Note that if you only want one or two address, you can create just the filter described above, by adding the address in the From field. If you want to block many addresses, it's time consuming to do this manually by copying each email address from the contact list.
When will you run out of Gmail storage space?
Hide spam counter in Gmail
More interesting Gmail filters
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6 Tips to cool down your house naturally | homify
6 Tips to cool down your house naturally
Henriëtte Mulder Henriëtte Mulder
modern by Stores Cube, Modern
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Summer is here! This means days next to the pool and summer holidays. Before that can happen, you are still at home, sun beating down mercilessly onto the earth and houses, which means the fans are pulled out and the air-con is on full blast, that's if you are lucky enough to be able to afford and sustain one.
That might be good for your body temperature, but the earth is not going to thank you and neither is your pocket. Using these types of cooling systems is extremely expensive and not necessarily good for your health.
The good news is, is that there is natural ways to keep your home cool, start by opening windows that creates a draft. This isn't the only way, plants different flooring and water all play a major part in keeping a house cool in this extreme heat.
Here are 6 tips on how to keep the house cool naturally.
Cool colours
One look at this beautiful house and we get the impression that it is rather cool or at least a comfortable temperature inside. Maybe it is the blue sky, the leaves on the ground or the different sizes windows that gives that impression, but it is actually the colour of the house.
Light colours like the off-white of this house reflects the sun beams instead of absorbs it like dark colours do. Less heat absorption equals a cooler house which is more pleasant to spend time in. Apart from the comfort you will get from a cooler house is the surprise you will get when you get the electricity bill at the end of the month. The bill should shrink by using a lighter colour on the exterior surface of your house, because the cooler a house is, the less need is there to use electric cooling systems.
Natural greens
Bringing the outdoors inside the house gives a different feel to a room, while also bringing down the temperature. Plants, especially Aloe Vera and the snake plant help to bring down the ambient temperature while also giving off oxygen, like other great indoor plants like the weeping fig, areca palm and Boston fern. Even if you get a plant solely for the reason to keep a place cool, it has the advantage of lifting your mood and creating a peaceful ambience.
While interior plants are great for cooling down and improving the quality of air, is it the big plants outside that does all the hard work. By placing big trees strategically around the house, you shade your house from the sun. The best trees is trees that sheds it's leaves during autumn months.
Vines and shrubs that is put against the hottest parts of walls blocks the sun from reaching the walls and thus cooling the house. It is also best to use deciduous vines and shrubs for optimised use.
Wooden floors
While not as cool as having a tile floor, wooden floors are still colder and healthier than carpets. If you are one of the lucky ones that lives in one of the old houses with crawl spaces underneath the wooden floor, you have a bigger advantage of wooden floors than other people. The crawl spaces provides airflow and because the foundation never get any sun, the result is a cooler touch, seeing that there isn't much warm air that can rise.
For more beautiful wooden floors check out The Natural Wood Floor Company's wood floor projects.
Window blinds
Blinds and shutters do a great job of blocking out the sun, as long as it is used in the right way. If necessary a light curtain or drapes can be used over the blinds to further cools the house. Horizontal blinds that can be turned to either side is a good starting point. By turning the blinds, that the smooth side show to the outside, keeps the sun from coming in, while you can still open it a bit to let in natural light. Some blinds to consider is: bamboo blinds, that is woven together tightly, blocking heat and aluminium blinds, that reflects the sunlight is it hits the blinds.
Another option is to install outdoor blinds, on the terrace or balcony. This will also let in less sun, which in turns means less heat.
Cross ventilation
A concept used in the day to day life of most people. This is basically having two windows, doors or a door and a window open to allow for the flow of the air to move through the room or house without interruption. If the house was designed with proper ventilation in mind, there would always be an escape for the air that comes in via the door or window. The flow of fresh air through the house, cools the house quickly and thoroughly without having to use electricity. Just remember to put stoppers in front of the doors and lock the windows, otherwise you might need to pay for new glass panes.
One problem with cross ventilation is if there isn't a substantial wind to bring fresh, cold air into the rooms or the air outside is so warm and humid it is of no use, but as long as a nice wind is blowing, is this a pocket-friendly way to keep the house cool as well as control the air quality.
Wooden louvers
Lastly is the wooden louvers which first of all creates a different atmosphere. The shutters can be turned to block the sunlight, which would cool the house and also keeps the cool air from escaping or turn it to let sun in.
The louvers can also entirely open so that fresh air comes in that also cools a house, as long as direct sunlight doesn't stream in. Some louvers are set outside the house, usually next to smaller windows that can be closed to block out the sun. The advantage of a louver is that, even though it is turned to block the sun, it can still let in fresh air.
Painting the louvers a light colour instead of leaving it in the normal wood reflects the sunlight and not just blocking it, which in turns is a better cooling system than just turning it down. Combining the louvers with drapes or curtains, adds even more insulation against the heat.
Keeping ice cold water or a fishpond around creates cooler air when the warmer air comes in contact with it. Combining the different tips on how to keep the house naturally cool, can safe you a lot of money, while preserving the earth and ozone layer.These tips also adds different dynamics to a house to make it, cooler yet welcoming.
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Quick Answer: Which Gender Is Better At Cooking?
Why is cooking considered feminine?
Because men have physical strength they used to Hunt in earlier days and women were suppose to cook the flesh for them.
Now days nobody cares that who cooked the food as long as it tastes good.
But as women used do to it in the past, that must be the reason it is called Feminine activity..
What does it mean when a woman cooks for a man?
It most likely means that she cares about you on some level. Don't assume too much, though; she may have a romantic interest in you, or she may simply be doing this as an expression of friendship. She probably wouldn't cook for you if she found you completely repulsive, though, so that's something.
Which job is best for female?
What is the most common job for a woman?
Most Common Occupations for Women in the Labor ForceOccupationNumber of WomenRegistered nurses2,092,489Secretaries and administrative assistants2,060,289Elementary and middle school teachers1,933,074Managers, all other1,363,14720 more rows
Is cooking a gender role?
Historically, food preparation and household cooking have been assigned to women, and cooking has been linked to female gender roles and identity. However, with women's increasing participation in the workforce, men have increased their contribution to household work and the gendering of food work is changing.
What gender is cook?
Answer: A cook is a gender-neutral word which describes the person who is an expert in cooking, culinary skills and expertise in culinary arts. The term "cook" is used in tandem with genders not distinguishing masculine from feminine. But both of themmale and female "cook"- are also described using the word "chef".
Is cooking a male dominated industry?
What is a Womens job?
The term "women's work" may indicate a role with children as defined by nature in that only women are biologically capable of performing them: pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It may also refer to professions that involve these functions: midwife and wet nurse.
What are traditional female jobs?
Traditional Occupations of Working WomenOccupation2016 Total Women Employed2016 % Women WorkersRegistered Nurses2,791,00090.0%Teachers – Elementary & Middle School2,231,00078.5%Cashiers2,386,00073.2%Retail Salespersons1,603,00048.4%6 more rows•Sep 17, 2017


Why do my email and attachments appear badly formatted?
When reading documents sent by e-mail, they regularly have only one word per line, or alot of wasted space in the document. How can I "reformat" the document to elimate extra lines/ mostly blank lines?
Often email documents and attachments are created by various software and word processing products on the senders side When you receive them they appear in a different format then when they were sent It can be possible to reformat these messages if your software is compatible with the senders software For instance you receive an email document that was created in Word 97 on the senders computer You save it on your side then open it in Word 97 on your computer, oftentimes you may need to edit with word wrap or other formatting tools to make it easier to deal with.Also remember the following concerning opening email and attachments:
Email messages and attachments must be:
1 in a format your computer knows
2 needs to have the correct software in your computer linked to the three dot extension such as.doc in your computer
3 you need to know the extension to set up the link
An analogy for this would be that you are receiving an email in spanish, so your computer must use the spanish translator to make it comprehensible to you and you do this by:
First open Explorer To do this find the icon named MyComputer on your desktop ( this is assuming that you haven't changed the name of MyComputer to something else ) Right click on the icon and select "Explore" from the pop-up menu A window with the title "Exploring" will open To make it easier to identify files extensions, click on "View" at the top of the "Exploring" window and select "Options" In the "Options" window that opens, uncheck the box beside the words "Hide MS-DOS file extensions for file types that are registered" by clicking in the box (If there isn't a check in the box than do nothing) Click on OK Go to a folder that contains the email or attachment file you want to open Now hold down the "Shift" key and right click on the file you want to open In the pop-up menu select "Open with" This will open a window called "Open With" Use the scroll bar to scroll down until you see the program you wish to use to open this file and select it with the mouse If you want to change the File Association so that this program will always open up this type of file (i.e.,.jpg extensions), check the box beside "Always use this program to open this type of file" and click on the OK button If you leave the box unchecked, then only in this instance will the file be opened by the program you selected.
p.s If you don't usually like to see the file extensions when using "Explorer" just go back to "View" - "Options" and check the "Hide MS-DOS file extensions..." box again
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text:
Announcement YOSE _PHONE_ CM16 Biologist TERM 7-9 is available on USAJOBS Thursday, June 9 through June 13, 2016. Limited to 100 applicants.
These positions will assist in the implementation of vegetation management and ecological restoration actions for various park projects including but not limited to the Mariposa Grove Restoration Plan, Merced River Management Plan, and Tuolumne River Management Plan. The mixed tour of duty TERM position is located in El Portal, CA. These positions will require working with NPS staff in different divisions throughout the park, other organizations associated with the park, interest groups, and the public.
These positions may require the following skills:
1. Carrying out project management duties by developing work plans and schedules, scopes of work, cost estimates, and proposals and/or grants
2. Designing, developing, creating, and managing GIS projects, statistics, and databases for the long-term maintenance, analysis and dissemination of natural resource-related data sets, working closely with network data managers, park resource managers, scientists, GIS specialists, and cooperating personnel.
3. Designing, developing, testing, and implementing scientific monitoring protocols for restoration, revegetation, or invasive species projects.
4. Designing and implementing meadow or wetland monitoring or restoration.
5. Training, leading, and supervising other NPS staff, volunteer groups or interns, sometimes in a wilderness setting.
6. Organizing and ensuring good coordination and logistics for field crews.
7. Developing, designing, and implementing habitat restoration projects.
8. Controlling invasive plants through integrated pest management (IPM), including the use of fire and herbicides.
9. Using GIS for a complex spatial problem to perform an analysis or develop a solution.
10. Combining numeric fields, calculating statistics, generalizing data, summarizing data and using appropriate statistical methods using R, JMP, or SAS.
11. Preparing project reports, including literature review, description of methods, graphs and charts, results, and conclusions or recommendations.
12. Making presentations in the park, at public gatherings, and professional meetings.


text:
Contact InformationTel: _PHONE_
About Print Management
In an effort to help the conservation of printing resources, the Community College of Rhode Island has established a print quota system.
The benefits are:
- Raising awareness of the environmental effect of wasted paper and toner
- Encouraging CCRI students to use electronic methods for sharing and viewing documents
- Focusing on our campus printing through more efficient printing devices
- Follow-you printing: print jobs released through page counters on enabled printers will provide:
- Security: print jobs are released by the user who submitted the job, at the time and place of their choice
- Flexibility: able to collect the print from any enabled location, avoid bottlenecks, use the most appropriate printer
- Environmental benefits: prints not released (collected) can be deleted from the print server automatically. These are called "avoided prints", and can be used as carbon offsets. Reduces paper and toner wastage
- User awareness: notification of print costs and other options can be displayed on user workstations. Increases consciousness of the costs associated with printing and can help'steer' users towards better practice
- Quota management: able to apply monitoring and quoting on a per user basis. Access to reporting tools for business areas
- Financial: reductions in paper, toner and power usage and therefore costs through the application of follow-you printing, quota management and user education
How this system works:
- The print quotas will go into effect on January 24, 2011.
- Each student will have a print quota of 1000 pages for each semester.
- Each student's print quota is reset each term so there will be no carryover from one term to the next.
- Each time a student prints to a printer, a Cost Preview dialog box will appear that states the amount of pages their quota will be charged and their current quota balance.Their options will be to Accept or Delete the print job.
- If a student exhausts the page quota, more pages can be purchased with cash at the Pay stations for $.05 per page
This page developed and maintained by Information Technology. Send comments and suggestions to.


Pongal is one of the most popular and loved festivals of South India!
It is a harvest festival, Makar Sankranti/ Pongal marks the end of the winter solstice, which symbolizes the end of the long winter nights and the celebration at the coming of the long sunny days. It also signifies the happiness of the farmers at getting new crops. It is called the Harvest festival of southern India!
Families come together to welcome the harvest season and is specially marked by its distinct traditional rituals. Some of the most common rituals that are Cleaning the clutter of our home, Flying Kites, Cooking sweet/sakarai pongal in an open fire!
So how can we involve our Toddler in the celebration of pongal? How do we get them to be excited about the festival and better understand its Traditional Importance?!
3 creative Pongal art and craft activities you can do with your toddler
Activity 1: Drawing the pongal pot!!
Encourage children to draw the pongal pot, but with a twist! Make them use natural and locally available materials around the house and garden to decorate their Drawing!
Example Use Sand to colour the pongal pot.
Use cotton to show the pongal.
Use dried and fallen leafs to show sugarcane.
Activity 2: Making kites:
Kites are flown all across India to celebrate the new harvest of the farmers! It is easy to make miniature kites with Materials available around the house. It makes for a grate piece of art to display too!
Find dried fallen leaves in the shape of kites/Make mini diamond shaped kites with paper. Puncture the mini kites with small holes. Insert the strings through the holes and fasten the kites onto to a large twig.
Activity 3: Sculpting The pongal pot!
Here is another creative way to make mini pongal pot art using natural materials!
Using play dough or Chappathi dough make the shape of the pongal pot, sugar cane, fruits, coconut and use dried leaves as a plate for the fruits and coconut!


text:
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217 – PROOFREADING– types of gene mutations that can occur during replication.


Learn about the goalline technology in football nowadays (Part 1)
Currently in major football leagues around the world, modern technologies are heavily applied. In there such as Var technology, driverless bus, smartphone integrated ball.
The most typical of which is Goal technology. So what is Goal technology? Why is there Goalline technology in football?
Why is there Goldline technology in football?
Up to now, in every football field, every decision has been made by the referee. Almost no one can explain and decide on behalf of this leader. That's why people used to call the referee the king of every pitch.
However, in every game, the argument about the goal is always obvious. Everyone argued with the ball close to the line of the goal line. Now all decisions are based on referees, so there will be times when the right time is not. That's right, people with 2 eyes and 2 hands, how can we ask for a lot of referee.
Of course, it is also for this reason that Goalline technology has officially been born. This technology is designed to provide the most transparent and fair answers to arbitration. At the same time can help the remaining team can regain their true ball.
Moreover, the situation of unfortunate bloodshed for both sides of the team is limited. So what is Goal technology? How do they work and are they really accurate?
What is the concept of goal?
You can simply understand Goldline technology. This is a technology that helps the referee determine the ball. That is, they can tell the correct result if the ball has rolled over the goal line or not. This technology includes many sophisticated devices that can identify and analyze road data. Or analyze the position of the ball and the golf ball to calculate goals for the teams.
Goldline technology identifies the ball across the goal line
Goldline technology is manufactured by GoalControl of Germany. According to records from FIFA, this technology has passed the guarantee period. They can accurately identify up to 68 goals scored in the League Cup in 2013.
However, currently only 2 Goldline technologies have been certified by FIFA as quality. So what are 2 Goldline technologies? Specifically, the camera recognizes and senses the magnetic field.


Sculpture / 3-D Design Unit
The Lessons:
1. What is Sculpture? What is 3-D Design?
2. 3-D Design -- an Architectural Model
3. Relief Sculpture Using Cardboard
4. Sculpture in the Round -- a Portrait in Clay
5. Constructing Sculpture Using Found Materials
Arizona Academic Standards:
These lessons can help students to meet Arizona's academic standards.
General Reference:
ArtLex Art Dictionary
This unit was developed by Michael Delahunt, in association with other art educators in Arizona.
Here's a photo of Mr. Delahunt.


text:
Primary objective: To determine the incidence of autonomic arousal vs. Dysautonomia following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting and to prospectively evaluate these groups against injury severity and outcome variables. Research design: Prospective observational group comparison (cohort) study of consecutive ICU admissions to a major trauma hospital over a 2-year period. Main outcomes and results: Eighty-nine of 113 subjects met inclusion and exclusion criteria, with consent gained for 79 subjects (61 male, 18 female: 89% of potential subjects). During the first 7 days post-injury, elevated autonomic parameters were almost universal in the sample (92%), predominantly hypertension and tachycardia. Nineteen of 79 subjects (24%) were autonomically aroused on day 7 (that is, had elevated heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature). Dysautonomia was diagnosed on day 14 post-injury in six of 79 subjects (8%) using previously published criteria. Autonomically aroused subjects had significantly more severe injuries, poorer outcomes and greater estimated costs than non-aroused subjects. Furthermore, Dysautonomic subjects within the autonomically aroused group had significantly worse outcome and, excluding early deaths, a greater period of hospitalization and higher estimated costs. Conclusions: The 8% incidence of Dysautonomia during ICU admission was in broad agreement with previous research. While day 7 autonomic arousal indicated a greater degree of injury, the diagnosis of Dysautonomia provided additional prognostic information. A coordinated multi-centre research effort into this condition appears appropriate.
- Autonomic overactivity
- Traumatic brain injury


Improved protection for handhelds now in beta-testing
18 Feb
Product News
Kaspersky Security for PDA 5.5 now in final stages of development
Kaspersky Lab, a leading vendor of secure content management solutions, is now conducting open beta-testing of Kaspersky Security for PDA 5.5. The new product incorporates a range of upgrades and improvements, significantly extending the product's functionality.
Kaspersky Security for PDA protects data on handheld computers and smartphones. Kaspersky Anti-Virus technology optimized for pocket devices offers comprehensive protection for handheld computers running PocketPC and Palm OS, and smartphones running Microsoft Smartphone 2002 and Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone.
The latest version of the solution has a new, user-friendly interface. Virus detection and disinfection functions have been upgraded. The new antivirus monitor complements the existing functions by tracking application activity in real time, ensuring that malicious code cannot be executed. Updates to the antivirus databases can be downloaded automatically, meaning the device is protected against even the very newest viruses.
Kaspersky Security for PDAs can also be used to encrypt data stored on handheld devices. This prevents unsanctioned users from accessing confidential information. PocketPC users can create hidden folders: data stored in these folders is encrypted, and the folders themselves are password protected. PalmOS users can use passwords to lock their devices. Data is encrypted when the device is locked; therefore, even if a malicious user gains access to the memory card, they will be unable to access information stored on it. New cryptographic algorithms from the Intel library further heighten security when the program is run under Pocket PC.


Saw Binnya
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Saw Binnya
Viceroy of Martaban (Mottama)
Reign 1510s–1541
Successor Saw Lagun Ein
Died May 1541
Martaban (Mottama)
Spouse Tala Kamu of Pegu
House Hanthawaddy
Religion Theravada Buddhism
In this Burmese name, Saw is an honorific.
Saw Binnya (Burmese: စောဗညား, Burmese pronunciation: [sɔ́ bəɲá]; died 1541) was viceroy of Martaban (Mottama) from c. 1510s to 1539, and the self-proclaimed king of the rump Hanthawaddy Kingdom from 1539 to 1541. First appointed viceroy of Martaban, one of the three provinces of the Mon-speaking kingdom, by King Binnya Ran II, Saw Binnya ruled the province like a sovereign during the reign of King Takayutpi, his brother-in-law. Under his leadership, the port of Martaban became an international entrepôt, and grew tremendously wealthy. He was able to build up a formidable military of his own, replete with Portuguese mercenaries and arms. But his refusal to contribute to Takayutpi's war effort against Toungoo Dynasty greatly facilitated Toungoo's conquest of Pegu in 1538–1539, and ultimately resulted in the downfall of his own fiefdom in 1541. He was subsequently executed.
Ruler of Martaban[edit]
Saw Binnya was appointed viceroy of the province of Martaban, one of the three provinces of Hanthawaddy, by King Binnya Ran II, c. 1510s. (He was already viceroy in 1519 when he signed a commercial treaty with the Portuguese,[1] who spelled his name as "Chau Bainha".[2] He was probably of high Hanthawaddy royalty, since only the most senior princes were appointed viceroy.) When Takayutpi became king in 1526, by the tradition of having blood ties with the sovereign, Saw Binnya took Takayutpi's eldest younger sister Princess Tala Kamu as his chief queen.[3] Despite the initial gesture, he did not respect the 15-year-old king, who proved to be utterly disinterested in governing and spent his time in "frivolous amusements with bad companions".[4]
In the following years, Saw Binnya scarcely acknowledged his overlord at Pegu, and ruled "the 32 districts of Martaban" (roughly, present-day Mon State and southern Kayin State) like a sovereign. His deputy Binnya U, governor of Moulmein (Mawlamyaing), was also married to a sister of Takayutpi but nonetheless was more loyal to him than the high king.[5] Saw Binnya conducted his own trade and foreign relations. Under his leadership, Martaban became an entrepôt, and according to the accounts of Portuguese explorers, grew tremendously wealthy. Using the trade wealth, he was able to assemble a formidable military which by 1540 employed expensive Portuguese mercenaries, their firearms and warships.[6]
He essentially declared independence from Pegu in 1534 by refusing to contribute to Takayutpi's war effort against Toungoo Dynasty as vassals were obligated to do. Takayutpi, not an able king, could not organize any retaliatory action against Toungoo or Martaban. In the following years, Saw Binnya was content to look on as Toungoo forces raided deeper and deeper into Lower Burma. He did not anticipate any immediate danger to his own realm as Toungoo without any foreign weapons repeatedly failed to take the Hanthawaddy capital Pegu (Bago), which was defended by foreign mercenaries. When Toungoo finally took Pegu in late 1538, Takayutpi so distrusted Saw Binnya that he chose to retreat to Prome Kingdom, another state, rather than to Martaban.[7]
War with Toungoo[edit]
Takayutpi died in early 1539 in exile, and Saw Binnya at once proclaimed himself king.[7] He did not seem concerned by the arrival of the kingdom of Toungoo at his doorstep. In 1540, he received an ultimatum from King Tabinshwehti of Toungoo to submit in exchange for amnesty but he was unimpressed. He reckoned that Toungoo had gained Pegu only through a ruse against an incompetent ruler like Takayutpi, and that when Pegu's defenses were led by capable leaders, Toungoo could not take Pegu for four years. He believed that his Portuguese-backed military under his leadership could withstand any attack Toungoo could muster. He had already heavily fortified the city with high walls that could withstand even Portuguese cannon; deployed seven Portuguese warships to guard the harbor; and enlisted foreign mercenaries led by Paulo de Seixas to lead the defenses. He rejected the ultimatum.[7][2]
Saw Binnya's confidence was not completely unfounded. In fact, the Toungoo command after the conquest of Pegu deliberated an attack on Martaban that would have begun in November 1539 but decided against it, citing the city's strong defenses.[8] Instead, Toungoo prepared for war against Martaban throughout 1539 and 1540. By November 1540, Tabinshwehti had assembled a 13,000-strong force including 700 Portuguese troops who brought their muskets and cannon. In the meantime, Saw Binnya's defensive plans were frustrated by the governor of Moulmein's decision to stay out of the fight. (Binnya U also received Tabinshwehti's ultimatum. He did not submit to the Toungoo king but responded that he would stay out of the fight.) Abandoned by his vassals, Saw Binnya was now in a similar situation as the predicament he himself put Takayutpi in just a few years earlier.[2][9]
In November 1540, Toungoo forces invaded, and quickly surrounded the city. Martaban's well-prepared defenses kept the besiegers at bay for months. However, mass starvation eventually set inside the city. Saw Binnya finally offered to surrender provided that he be allowed to remain viceroy in exchange for an annual tribute of 30,000 viss (48,987.9 kg) of silver bullion and other valuable presents. Tabinshwehti rejected the offer, demanding an unconditional surrender instead. Saw Binnya then asked for safe-conduct out of the city for himself and his entire family, together with his treasures. It too was rejected by the Burmese king. In desperation, Saw Binnya appealed to the Portuguese viceroy at Goa for assistance, offering to become a vassal of Goa, in addition to an outright gift of half the amount of his treasury.[10] The Portuguese were interested. A Portuguese captain listed the treasure as consisting of two shiploads of gold and silver, and 26 chests of precious stones. In addition, gold to be looted from the city's pagodas would fill 4 ships. But the Portuguese also feared the vengeance of Tabinshwehti, the new power in Lower Burma, and "wavered between greed and prudence".[10] At the same time, Saw Binnya offered a large bribe to João Caeiro, the leader of Portuguese mercenaries fighting for Toungoo, to help him and his family escape. Caeiro seriously considered the overly generous offer but ultimately declined the offer as his deputies found out the proposal and threatened to report the matter to Tabinshwehti.[11]
In May 1541, after a seven-month siege, Toungoo naval forces led by Adm. Smim Payu broke through the seven Portuguese ships at the harbor, and the city's defenses were breached. Inside the city, Saw Binnya, described as athletic and brave, led his forces atop a war elephant against the invaders. He is said to have fought off several one-on-one combats on elephant-back. He was finally defeated in combat by Commander Nanda Kyawthu, and was arrested. The viceroy remained chivalrous to the end. He congratulated Nanda Kyawthu for his victory, and gave the Toungoo commander presents from his treasury. Tabinshwehti congratulated Saw Binnya for his bravery and chivalry[12] but did not forgive him. The Toungoo king ordered the execution of the viceroy, his family and all the "gallant defenders" of the city. The mass execution had the desired effect: The remaining vassals of Martaban down to the Siamese border duly submitted to Toungoo.[7]
 1. ^ Phayre 1967: 96
 2. ^ a b c Harvey 1925: 155
 3. ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 196
 4. ^ Phayre 1967: 94
 5. ^ Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 179
 6. ^ Phayre 1967: 96–97
 7. ^ a b c d Htin Aung 1967:


text:
How Far is it Between Cape Town, South Africa and Heathrow, Airport London
This map shows the distance from Cape Town, South Africa to Heathrow, Airport London. You can also see the distance in miles and km below the map.
Map Showing the Distance Between Cape Town, South Africa and Heathrow, Airport London
How to Use
Input the name of the two places in the text boxes and click the Show button.
The recommended format to use is [City, Country] i.e. [City(comma)(space)Country].
Once a result is returned, you can copy a link to use as a permanent referance back to the result or to send on to others.
Note : For ZIP Codes, use Distance Between ZIP Codes, For UK Postcodes, use the UK Postcode distance tool. Also, to find the distance between points that are not named, you can use the Measure Distance tool.
About How Far is it Between
This tool can be used to find the distance between two places.
There are two distances output:
- As the Crow Flies - The direct distance between points
- Distance by land transport (When possible) - Distance estimate when you travel by road and sea.
The distances can be output in the following units:
- km (kilometers)
The output is via a measurement of the distance and also a map that shows that two locations and the path between them as the crow flies and the route by land transport.
You can use the controls on the map to:
- Pan the map
- Zoom the Map
- Switch between Map and Satellite views
Some Examples of Distances
Some of the distances between cities that can be found using the system. Click on one to see it or type in your own places above in the text boxes.
- How Far is it Between Portsmouth, England and Las Vegas Nevada, Usa
- How Far is it Between Melbourne, Australia and Leeds, Yorkshire
- How Far is it Between Exeter, Devon Uk and Melbourne, Victoria
- How Far is it Between Heathrow, Airport London and San Francisco California, Usa
- How Far is it Between Toronto, Ontario and Brazil, South America
Comments For This Page
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Add your own comment below and let others know what you think:
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When Does a Lease Terminate Pre-Petition?
Published On: March 30th, 2015 | Author: Perry Law, P.C. | Category: Bankruptcy Florida
Two Florida bankruptcy courts have addressed a similar issue with different results. The scenario is common enough, a tenant and landlord enter into a lease which the tenant subsequently defaults under. The landlord brings a cause of action for eviction, obtains a judgment and eventually a writ of possession. But, before the writ of possession is executed the tenant files for bankruptcy. At that point is the lease one which can be assumed under the Bankruptcy Code 365?
In In re Key Largo Watersports, 377 BR 738, the court held no. There the court held that the judgment and writ of possession terminated the tenant's rights and thus there was no lease to assume. However, in In re 2408 W. Kennedy, 512 BR 708, the court held that until the writ was executed the tenant still had a right of possession and thus there was in fact a lease to assume.
These two cases stress the importance of properly entering into and terminating a lease before bankruptcy; and, understanding how a lawsuit and/or bankruptcy can impact your lease.


Deinopis subrufa
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Deinopis subrufa
Deinopis subrufa female.jpg
Females are light reddish brown.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Suborder: Araneomorphae
Family: Deinopidae
Genus: Deinopis
Species: D. subrufa
Binomial name
Deinopis subrufa
L. Koch, 1879
Deinopis subrufa (also called Rufous Net-casting Spider) is a species of net-casting spiders. It occurs in eastern Australia and Tasmania. It is a nocturnal hunter, having excellent eyesight, and hunts using a silken net to capture its prey. They feed on a variety of insects - ants, beetles, crickets and other spiders. They can vary in color from fawn to pinkish brown or chocolate brown. Females are about 25mm in body length, males about 22mm. They are not dangerous to humans.
This species is often found on a few strands of web in forest, woodland and heathland, or on flat surfaces, for example on the outside of houses.
Males will usually shed their last skin and then seek a suitable female to mate with. They will rest on the outer skirts of the female's web, and will gently pluck the web to show her that they are interested. Once the male has mated with the female, he dies. The female then constructs a globular egg sac, approximately 10-12mm in diameter. It is generally a light brown or fawn color with black specks on it and contains anywhere from 100-200 eggs. It is usually disguised and protected by a leaf. Once the female has constructed the egg sac and laid the eggs, she will usually leave it to its own protection. After around 3 weeks, the young hatch; like most spiders, they eat the egg sac for nutrients.
The generic name is derived from deinos Greek for "fearful" and opis is Greek for "appearance", hence the common name of "Ogre-faced spiders". The species name subrufa is Latin for "slightly reddish".
External links[edit]


Chapter 12: The Principle of Computational Equivalence
Section 9: Implications for Mathematics and Its Foundations
Multivalued logic
As noted by Jan Łukasiewicz and Emil Post in the early 1920s, it is possible to generalize ordinary logic to allow k values Range[0, 1, 1/(k - 1)], say with 0 being False, and 1 being True. Standard operations in logic can be generalized as Not[a_] = 1 - a, And[a_, b_] = Min[a, b], Or[a_, b_] = Max[a, b], Xor[a_, b_] = Abs[a - b], Equal[a_, b_] = 1 - Abs[a - b], Implies[a_, b_] = 1 - UnitStep[a - b](a - b). An alternative generalization for Not is Not[a_] := Mod[(k - 1) a + 1, k]/(k - 1). The function Nand[a_, b_] := Not[And[a, b]] used in the main text turns out to be universal for any k. Axiom systems can be set up for multivalued logic, but they are presumably more complicated than for ordinary k = 2 logic. (Compare page 1171.)
The idea of intermediate truth values has been discussed intermittently ever since antiquity. Often—as in the work of George Boole in 1847—a continuum of values between 0 and 1 are taken to represent probabilities of events, and this is the basis for the field of fuzzy logic popular since the 1980s.
Image Source Notebooks:
From Stephen Wolfram: A New Kind of Science [citation]


text:
International Association of Engineering and Management Education (IAEME)
Dealing with a huge amount of data puts the requirement for efficient data access more critical in data grids. Improving data access time is a one way of reducing the job execution time i.e. improving performance. To speed up the data access and reduce bandwidth consumption, data grids replicate data in multiple locations. This paper studies a new data replication strategy in data grid, which takes into account two important issues concerning replication: storage capability of different nodes and bandwidth consumption between nodes. It also considers the popularity of the file for replacement. Lesser popular files get less priority then the higher popular file. The authors also need to consider the limitation on storage.


Memory Alpha
Kang's Summit
38,872pages on
this wiki
Kang's Summit was an area on Qo'noS that was known for its population of saber bear.
In 2371, while hunting saber bear on the Summit, Martok was captured by the Dominion. (DS9: "In Purgatory's Shadow")
It is likely that this location was named for Kang, one of the Klingon Empire's greatest warriors. Alternately, it could be named for legendary title character from the epic poem The Fall of Kang.
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text:
AP_TERM_TAC : tactic
Strips a function application from both sides of an equational goal.
reduces a goal of the form
A?- f x = f y
by stripping away the function applications, giving the new goal
A?- x = y
A?- f x = f y ================ AP_TERM_TAC A?- x = y
Fails unless the goal is equational, with both sides being applications of the same function.