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and facilitators in dialogue called the LARA method: Listen, Affirm, Respond, and Affirming inquiry. This means that, regardless of what someone has shared, facilitators should model deep listening for connection and understanding. They should affirm the contribution, which is categorically different from expressing agreement or approval; affirming the contribution means, at a minimum, acknowledging the speaker with thanks or by paraphrasing what they have said to confirm understanding. In my interpretation, it is an expression of trust in the speaker: that they have integrity, that they are good enough to want to learn from their errors and intelligent enough to do so. Only after affirming, according to the LARA method, should the facilitator (or participants) respond to the actual content of the contribution; here, disagreement, correction, or pushback can be expressed. The final step, affirming inquiry, involves sharing one's own perspective and inviting others to share their own, to ensure mutuality and equal vulnerability.
- Testimonials. "In intergroup dialogue," Hicks writes, "we write testimonials in order to reflect on the impact that our membership in various social identity categories has had on our lives" (59). Testimonials are written with the understanding that they will be shared with the group. In this way, I suggest, "dialogue" expands beyond the merely oral and can continue asynchronously in written form. Testimonials can be integrated into dialogue in many ways, but I also suggest that it is powerful to offer a testimonial (or any other form of statement) without any response other than, perhaps, affirmation. bell hooks mentions using testimonials in Teaching to Transgress; Story Circles, as a dialogic model, is also based on oral testimony of a sort. Hicks identifies four parameters of a good testimonial that can be shared with students (I have paraphrased them here):
- It is a specific story of something that has happened to you.
- You are willing to share it.
- You remember it well enough to write about it.
- It focuses on an incident related to a particular social identity, but other social identities intersect and may be mentioned also.
One In-Depth Activity: How I Got Here: A Testimonial
This activity borrows the notion of the testimonial and refers to Dori Laub's seminal work on the topic of testimony and the need for an "addressable other" to stress the relational nature of testimony. Rather than introduce the testimonial as part of the "exploring social identities" stage of the intergroup dialogue process, however, as Introduction to Intergroup Dialogues does, I have designed this activity to be done in the first stage of relationship-building and dialogue skills development. Rather than speak to their experiences related to a particular social identity, students are asked to craft a narrative of "how they got here," for the principal purpose of affirming everyone's unique pathway to the university and right to belong, as well as practicing the critical dialogic skill of deep listening. The prompt itself takes inspiration from the Blanton Museum's digital video resource "Belonging," which could be included in this testimony activity. In leaving "how I got here" fairly open to interpretation as a prompt, I also intend the activity as a kind of assessment to gauge how students are (and aren't) already thinking about (their) privilege, regardless of which identity positions they occupy. It strikes me that a great deal of the friction I am feeling with privilege discourse in these readings has to do with the way it is so (necessarily) generalized; this activity allows instructors (and participants!) to become aware of and responsive to the actual people in the room, where they come from, and how they are thinking and feeling. It also grounds an ongoing discussion of privilege and oppression related to various social identities in the one privilege everyone in the room is almost guaranteed to share, which is the privilege of a college education at (in UT's case) a top-ranked, selective institution. Awareness of the privilege of being college students, spending part of their days in high-minded dialogues for the purpose of their own economic, social, intellectual, or moral betterment, is, in my mind, a good starting point from which to begin to empower students as critical agents.
The dialogue that follows the testimonial sharing should ask questions that prompt critical self-reflection such as:
- Now that you have listened to others' testimonies, what do you notice about the approach you took in your own? Was your tone defensive, proud, shamefaced, apologetic, or something else? Did you focus on yourself as an individual or make a lot of reference to your family, your community, or your identity? Why do you think that is?
- What did others express awareness about regarding their own history and journey that you did not? What did you express awareness about that others did not?
- Why do you think I asked you to do this activity? What do you feel has been the result, for you personally or for the group as a whole?
Next Week... We will be reading Democratic Dialogue in Education: Troubling Speech, Disturbing Silence (by Megan Boler, 2004).


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- Psychology & the public
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Brief interruptions can lead to crucial errors
People are more prone to making mistakes when their attention is caught by even the shortest of interruptions. This is the suggestion of new research from Michigan State University (MSU), which found a person's ability to accurately complete a task is significantly impacted by small disturbances, such as taking the time to silence a ringing phone.
Published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, the findings, which were gathered from more than 300 participants, revealed error rates doubled when individuals performing a sequence-based task on a computer were disrupted for just three seconds.
Erik Altmann, Associate Professor of Psychology at MSU, said: "What this means is that our health and safety is, on some level, contingent on whether the people looking after it have been interrupted."
The authors explained the findings show interruptions - of which there are often many in people's daily lives - can have serious consequences, especially for professionals such as emergency room doctors.
Professor John Davies from the University of Strathclyde, a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, comments:
"The research from MSU confirms similar findings from a number of previous studies. Distraction is a major cause of the 'attentional lapse', which increases the probability of subsequent error. Although there are several reasons as to why this happens, one of the simplest to understand is that sometimes people forget where they left off the task at hand, prior to the interruption. This can lead to missing out a crucial step (such as leaving something in a wound for example) or alternatively duplicating something they have already done."
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words like "facile" and "facility".
- ¡Español es fácil! – "Spanish is easy!"
- No hay soluciones fáciles – "There aren't easy answers"
12. Difícil (Difficult)
It's not difícil to guess what this word means – it's "difficult":
- ¡Español no es difícil! – "Spanish isn't difficult"
- Es difícil dar otro ejemplo – "It's difficult to give another example"
Remember that accent: unlike the English word "difficult", the stress in difícil falls on the second syllable, not the first.
13. Joven (Young)
Joven means "young". In the plural form, you need to add an accent on the o:
- Ella es muy joven – "She's very young"
- Ellos son muy jóvenes – "They're very young"
14. Viejo (Old)
Viejo means "old". Use it for people or things:
- Soy un hombre viejo – "I'm an old man"
- Tengo que comprar un nuevo ordenador; el mío es demasiado viejo. – "I have to buy a new computer; mine is too old"
Viejo can subtly change its meaning depending on whether it goes before or after the noun:
- un viejo amigo – "an old friend" (you've known each other for a long time)
- un amigo viejo – "an old friend" (he or she is advanced in age)
15. Nuevo (New)
Nuevo means new. Like viejo, its meaning changes subtly depending on the word order. When it goes after the noun, it means "new" in the sense of "brand new" – it's just been made. When it's before the noun, it means "new" in the sense of "newly acquired":
- Ella compró un nuevo carro – "She bought a new car" (The car may be used, but it's newly in her possession)
- El carro nuevo tiene aire acondicionado – "The new car has air-conditioning (The car is brand new)
16. Alto (High/Tall)
Alto means "high" or "tall":
- Un edificio alto – "A tall building"
- Una tasa alta – "A high rate"
- Es un hombre alto – "He's a tall man"
- Subir una montaña alta – "To climb a high mountain"
Bonus fact: alto is written on stop signs in Mexico and most other Spanish-speaking countries in Central America. It comes from the German word halt, which means "stop" (or "halt", obviously!) in English.
17. Bajo (Low)
- Los Países Bajos – "The Low Countries (i.e. the Netherlands)"
- Tocar las notas bajas – "To play the low notes"
It also means "short", in the sense of someone's height:
- Bruno Mars es muy bajo – "Bruno Mars is very short"
18. Corto (Short)
Corto is the more general word for "short". While bajo is used when talking about height, corto is used for distances.
- Un viaje corto – "A short trip "
- Una historia corta – "A short story"
19. Largo (Long)
Watch out – this word is a false cognate. It doesn't mean "large", it means "long"! It can be used for lengths of measurement, time or distance:
- Ese es un cuchillo largo – "That is a long knife"
- La reunión fue demasiado larga – "The meeting was too long"
- La Carretera Transcanadiense es una de las autopistas más largas del mundo – "The Trans-Canada Highway is one of the longest highways in the world"
20. Aburrido (Bored/Boring)
I hope you're not aburrido with this list. This adjective means bored – or it can mean boring, depending on whether you use ser or estar.
- Juan es una persona muy aburrida – "Juan is a very boring person"
- Estoy muy aburrido – "I'm very bored"
21. Vivo (alive)
Vivo can mean "alive" or "living":
- El rey está vivo – "The king is alive"
- Ella es la persona viva más vieja del mundo – "She is the oldest living person in the world"
Use the term en vivo to refer to a TV programme being broadcast "live".
22. Muerto (Dead)
Muerto means "dead":
- Zed está muerto, chica – "Zed's dead, baby"
Notice that I didn't write Zed es muerto. This adjective uses estar, not ser. Estar is supposed to be used for temporary states, but if you ask me, being dead is pretty permanent! I'm afraid that this is just one of those exceptions to the ser/estar rule that you'll have to learn. A good way to remember it is to note that both vivo and muerto use the same verb – and vivo (alive) is definitely a temporary state, so it uses estar. Meaning muerto does too.
23. Listo (Ready/Smart)
Listo is another example of an adjective that changes its meaning when you use ser vs estar. With estar, it means ready:
- Estoy listo para firmar el contrato – "I'm ready to sign the contract"
But with ser, it means "smart":
- Ella es muy lista – "She's very smart!"
24. Inteligente (Intelligent)
If you're inteligente, you can figure out that this word means "intelligent". It's an alternative to listo.
- Eres la persona más inteligente que he conocido – "You're the smartest person I've ever met"
25. Pobre (poor)
Pobre means "poor". When it's after the noun, it means "financially poor". When it's before the noun, it means unfortunate or disadvantaged, such as in the English sentence "you poor thing!":
- Bolivia es un país pobre – "Bolivia is a poor country"
- ¡Deja de asustar a este pobre niño! – "Stop scaring this poor child!"
26. Rico (Rich)
- Bill Gates es muy rico – "Bill Gates is very rich"
You can also use it to describe food:
- ¡Que rica es esta comida! – "This food is so rich/tasty/great!"
27. Común (Common)
Can you guess what this común word means? That's right: "common". It can also mean "shared".
- Es una enfermedad común – "It's a common illness"
- Tenemos una responsabilidad común – "We have a common/shared responsibility"
In the plural form, drop the accent from the "u":
- Tenemos valores comunes – "We have shared/common values"
28. Raro (Rare)
This word means what you'd guess it means: "rare". It can also mean "strange" or "weird".
- En raras ocasiones – "On rare occasions"
- Es raro conducir por la izquierda – "It's weird to drive on the left"
29. Útil (Useful)
This word has some útil-ity – it means "useful":
- Es una herramienta útil – "It's a useful tool"
- Esta opción es útil – "This option is useful"
30. Guapo (Beautiful)
An important word if you want to flirt! This adjective means "beautiful" or "good-looking", and can be applied to men or women.
- Podría ser muy guapo si quisiera – "He/she could be very beautiful if he/she wanted"
- ¡Qué guapa estás! – "You're so beautiful!"
31. Feo (Ugly)
The opposite of guapo, this word means "ugly".
- Él es feo – "He's ugly"
- Cinderella tiene dos hermanastras feas – "Cinderella has two ugly step-sisters"
32. Feliz (Happy)
Feliz is related to the English word (and girl's name) "Felicity".
- Tú me haces feliz – "You make me happy"
- Los animales no parecen felices – "The animals don't look happy"
33. Triste (Sad)
- Cuando estoy triste, lloro – "When I'm sad, I cry"
- Estaba pensando de cosas tristes – "I was thinking about sad things."
34. Pesado (Heavy)
Pesado means "heavy". If you're talking about weight, it's more common to use the verb pesar, "to weigh":
- El piano pesa mucho – "The piano weighs a lot"
- El piano es pesado – "The piano is heavy" (not wrong, but uncommon)
You can also describe a person as pesado. This means the person is boring, gloomy, or annoying. Think of Marvin the Paranoid Android from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
- Marvin es pesado – "Marvin is gloomy/a downer."
35. Tranquilo (Calm)
Are you in a tranquil situation? This word means calm or quiet:
- Estaba tranquilo en la casa – "It was quiet in the house"
Tranquilo can also be used as an interjection. It's like saying "

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Germinal choice technology
From Cosmopedia
Revision as of 22:42, 12 October 2007 by CosmoSysop (talk | contribs) (1 revision(s))
Germinal choice technology refers to a set of reprogenetic technologies that, currently or that are expected to in the future, allow parents to influence the genetic constitutions of their children. This could be done through genetic screening of blastocysts (early embryos), or through germline engineering, which refers to human genetic engineering used to alter genes in the first cells of the blastocyst.[1]
Screening technologies have been in use since at least the mid 1990s to reduce the incidence of genetic disease, and what can be tested for is expected to become increasingly sophisticated in the late 2000s or early 2010's. Maturation in these fields would increase the range and sophistication of decisions open to parents. Germline engineering and even the engineering of human artificial chromosomes (which presently allow increased reliability) are presently being done in animals.


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Zoom into a Report
The zooming functionality is available for the NetFlow Auditor charting applet. Users can zoom into all bar, line and area charts.
You can zoom into a report to reveal more intricate details.
Note: By default (except in the case of a baseline report) the grid will update as you select a time area. To "float" through the graph data without the grid updating, click "Chart tab" and disable the "Zoom Option".
To zoom down into a report:Step 1:
Generate a report. Following is an example of a weekly baseline report.Step 2:
For line charts focus choose zoom mode (
). Zoom mode is a toggle option of Drag mode click on drag mode (
) to change to zoom mode.Step 3:
Drag the mouse to select an area within the graph into which you wish to drill down. Step 4:
A new graph is displayed elaborating only the selected area with greater detail.Step 5:
Repeat Step 2, as many times as you want.


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Exercise-25: Chopping wood
- Assume a sitting position with feet flat on the floor and knees fully bent and separated.
- Clasp the hands over the head with arms straight.
- Make chopping motions as if using an axe to chop wood.
- Inhale while raising the arms above the head.
- Exhale while bringing both arms dow.
- Repeat 10-20 times.
- Initially if squatting is difficult perform the asana from a standing position.
An ideal exercise for the chest and for exercising the sacral and vaginal muscles prior to child birth.


text: Eating is the one thing on this list that absolutely can't be avoided. After a satisfying meal, the urge to smoke can be strong. This may be tied to dopamine, like stimulation, since eating a great meal can certainly increase your brain's natural happy drugs. It might also be a way to relax after the relatively taxing activity of eating (sometimes too fast) or the addition of wine with a meal. Most likely, though, it's habitual. Having a smoke after dinner was a socially reinforced habit for many years. Even in modern times, most smokers will wait until the food is cleared before lighting up, just out of politeness, not wanting to mar the smell or taste of the food until everyone is finished. So the enforced wait of dinner only tends to add to a cigarette's appeal, making this time another trigger to be on the lookout for.


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TIMOTHY ACKER AND DRAKE BRANNON PERFORM WATER QUALITY TESTS.
Students in James Galvin's Agriculture classes are getting hands on education in Fresh Water Shrimp production. Yes, that's right fresh water shrimp.
The students are involved with the production with five hundred fresh water shrimp. The shrimp that the students are working with are close relatives of the shrimp that swim in the ocean, but these shrimp live in a fresh water environment. ACHS students are raising their shrimp in a closed recycling tank system. When working with this type of system students are taught that water quality is critical.
Each day students must test the water for oxygen content, pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite levels. The students have discovered that the temperature of the water must be maintained at 80 degrees. Students learned that when the water temperature falls below 75 degrees that the shrimp will live, but will not consume feed and grow. Students working with the shrimp can clearly see and understand how chemistry, math and biology principles effect and play into everyday life. Technology plays a very large role in helping students test the water and maintain the environment for proper water quality and balance.
Students have developed a strong interest in the shrimp project and look forward to continuing on with its development. The students would like to thank Mr. Starr for his continued support and enthusiasm for the project. The fresh water shrimp project has partnered with White Water Aqua Farms and they have been providing tremendous amount of technical advice, knowledge and experience to enhance this project.
KALEB WRIGHT PREPARES THE FEED FOR FRESH WATER SHRIMP.


Frederick Galiay
Basse électrique, composition, images.
Missing Time
A composition/installation for electric bass, composed by Frederick Galiay.
Missing Time is a composition in eight parts, for a soloist playing the electric bass, in interaction with a device of active sound recording (and for the live version, an interpreter in acousmonium).
The bass is put on the ground, played by a single instrumentalist, with diverse items (bows, metals, resonators…) and the electric signal, divided into two circuits, is also modulated by the instrumentalist.
Both different signals are managed towards two independent systems of diffusion. Every amplifier is then "taken back" by several points of recording.
In the studio version, the reorganization of these multiple points of view of the same music uses techniques and tools of the electroacoustic music, emphasizing a frequency spatializing.
The general aesthetics of the work came, largely, from the fascination of the composer for the obstinacy of the music of ceremonies of the monks Bonpo and more generally from the mystic music of extreme east.
Frederick Galiay wished to move closer, deliberately, the divine revelations to the aliens instructions.
The eight movements of the opus symbolize, in a metaphoric way (and rather freely), the eight phases we find almost systematically in testimonies of abducted.
The process of decomposition of the sound is thought in an immaterial space which exceeds the instrument and the musician in a meditative zone, creating a spatial and temporal gap, a space in the material which modulates the space creating the illusion of missing time...
Missing Time part 1 :
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Conference paper Open Access
Kilian, Lena; Owen, Anne; Newing, Andy; Ivanova, Diana
Income is consistently shown to be a good predictor of consumption-based household greenhouse gas emissions. Within a wider research project aiming to understand changes in household emission patterns over time and across UK neighbourhoods, this paper aims to explore the spatial-temporal patterns of the relationship between consumption-based emissions of UK neighbourhoods and income between the years 2007-2017. In light of job losses and income cuts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research allows us to predict how consumption-based emissions may have changed as a result of the pandemic.


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Educators have many opportunities at the Visitor Education Center (VEC). Educational groups have taken advantage of the guided tours, programs, hands-on activities, contests, and workshops provided by the VEC.
For teachers planning a field trip, the facility offers activities and tours for all ages and abilities. The EDUCATORS' PLANNING PACKET is a resource for educators, providing a detailed description of tours and programs. This information packet also answers a list of "Teachers' Frequently Asked Questions" and provides a look into Enid Lake's recreational opportunities.
At the Visitor Education Center, educators of all grade levels and subject areas have participated in teacher workshops and obtained CEUs. For upcoming workshops see the CALENDAR page or email _EMAIL_.
Youth Art Contests
The NMFH VEC hosts Youth Art Contests through the Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks Foundation (MWFPF). From clay sculptures to oil paintings, young artists in four different age categories create illustrations of native Mississippi species. The winners in each category receive a certificate, and their work is proudly displayed at the Education Center and in the Mississippi Outdoors magazine.
Staff at the VEC have a combined total of 50+ years in the education and interpretive fields. These individuals are members of the following organizations:
National Association for Interpretation (NAI)
Aquatic Resources Education Alliance (AREA)
Mississippi Environmental Education Alliance (MEEA)
Association for Conservation Information (ACI)


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Scripture: Genesis 24
- Students will review the story of Isaac and Rebekah.
- Students will learn Abraham sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac.
- Students will learn God wants our marriages to be strong and godly.
- Students will participate in an activity to help missionaries support strong, godly marriages in the mission field.
Guiding Question: How can you help missionaries encourage new Christians to have strong, godly marriages?
Materials: well printed decorative scripture on quality paper (test to make sure the ink doesn't run when decoupage glue is brushed over it), small canvases (preferably easy to hang on the wall), decoupage glue, paint brushes, dishes to pour decoupage glue into if needed
Procedure: Review the story of Abraham focusing especially when he sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac. Discuss with students the idea marriage is important to God and He wants our marriages to be strong and godly. Share with students how some missionaries are serving in cultures which do not encourage or support these strong, godly marriages. If possible, contact a missionary and have them share photos and stories from their efforts to encourage marriages where they serve. (Be sure to contact them ahead of time to confirm this craft will help their ministry and the best way to transport it to them.)
Discuss with students the verse or verse you have printed from the Bible about godly love and marriage. You may want to have several options of scriptures or everyone can create identical canvases. Give each student a scripture, a small canvas and a paint brush. Several students can share one bottle of decoupage glue. (Check instructions to determine how much glue you will need.) Have students thoroughly brush the canvas with decoupage glue. Have them center the scripture on the canvas and smooth it out so there are no air bubbles. Let the paper and glue dry a bit, so it doesn't slide around when applying the top layers of decoupage glue. Have students apply two thin layer of decoupage glue. The entire canvas should be covered. It will take at least 24 hours for the finished canvases to dry completely.
- In what other ways can you help these missionaries in the mission field?
Supplemental Activity: Have more advanced students interview the missionaries your project is helping. What challenges do they face on the mission field? In what other ways can your class help them spread the Gospel? Have the students report their findings to the class. If possible, encourage the students to plan and lead their own service project for this mission effort.


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Issue with the PriorityArray and multiple BACnet objects of the same type
I have recently discovered that if you were to create two objects of the same type which have a priority array (e.g. BV), if you set the Priority at index 3 in BV1, it will also set it in BV2. This happens because in ObjectProperties.java, the static add() function creates a new PriorityArray instance which is then passed into all objects of the same type when they are created. This means the same PriorityArray object is used and passed into all BV instances when they are created.
The solution to this is to after creating your BACnet object (AO, AV, BO, BV etc), call the setProperty() function, and create a new PriorityArray instance;
BACnetObject bv1 = new BACnetObject(.....);
bv1.setProperty(PropertyIdentifier.priorityArray, new PriorityArray());


Frac sand washing machine for producing shale oil fracturing proppant | LZZG
Frac sand washing machine for producing shale oil fracturing proppant
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frac sand
What is frac sand
Fractured sand is high-purity quartz sand, with super strong pressure resistance and extremely high roundness. It is made of natural quartz sand through multiple processes and fine processing, and is used in the petroleum industry. Especially in the application of hydraulic fracturing, that is, the high-pressure water pump is used to inject fracturing fluid into the oil and gas reservoir, and the reservoir is crushed to obtain oil and gas resources. Fracturing quartz sand is an indispensable substance. Part of the fracturing quartz sand comes from high-purity quartz sandstone, which is processed through multiple processes such as crushing.
The petroleum proppant enters the formation along with the high-pressure solution to fill the rock fissures, and plays the role of supporting the fissures not to be closed due to stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, making the oil and gas smooth, and increasing production. The performance requirements of petroleum proppant: 1. The proppant must have sufficient compressive strength and wear resistance, can withstand the strong pressure and friction during injection, and effectively support artificial cracks. 2. The relative density of proppant particles should be low to facilitate pumping downhole. 3. The proppant particles do not chemically interact with the fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid at a temperature of 200 degrees. The maximum allowable value of acid solubility should be less than 7%.
At present, the commonly used proppants mainly include quartz sand, bauxite ceramsite sand and resin-coated composite particles. Because quartz sand has low cost and low density, it is easy to pump and is widely used. However, quartz sand has a low strength bottom and poor sphericity, which reduces fracture conductivity and is not suitable for deep wells with high closed pressure.
screw frac sand washing screening machine
This frac sand production line include stone crusher, screw sand washer, sludge thickener, filter press, blet conveyor, VSI sand making machine.
Frac sand project has annual production capacity of 400,000 tons of oil and gas. The total investment of the project is 100 million yuan, and the designed annual production capacity is 400,000 tons.
The fracturing sand is subjected to soft hydraulic friction cleaning and fine sieving to produce a fracturing sand proppant that meets the needs of oilfield fracturing production, which meets the needs of the unconventional oil and gas exploitation of Mahu Oilfield in Buxel County.
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ancient Greek statues where they had to put the broken ears back on.
That is the Turkish name of the medlar.
This name is used in many Balkanic countries.
In Turkish, "Musmula suratli" = "Medlar faced" is a common and funny expression to describe someone with an ugly / grumpy /sour face.
thanks, fixed it
These are... nespole. I have a tree in my garden and we, in Italy, commonly eat them. A bit disappointed after the intriguing opening of the article.
I think you are confusing the "loquat" with the "medlar". The loquat is still relatively common, doesn't have a gaping open end, is yellow to orange, and can be eaten out of hand. The medlar is darker in color, has a very open calyx, and is practically inedible direct from the tree. The names are sometimes confused, with the loquat sometimes called a "Japanese medlar". Anyway, did yours possibly match this one instead: _URL_
I don't think so: it's open ended indeed, and the wikipedia article I linked matches the latin name
You are right that depending on where you are, it could be either. The English language Wikipedia article for 'loquat'[1] suggests that Southern Italy uses 'nespolo' for 'loquat', while Northern uses it for'medlar'. But if it's tasty and light orange colored when you eat it ripe directly from the tree, it's definitely a loquat. While if it's at all appealing after it's been stored for a few months and turned brown and mushy, it's a medlar.
[1] _URL_
I also have one in my garden. In German it is called "Mispel". I wouldn't call it forgotten although I have to attest that probably only history or plant nerds know of it.
As we grow a lot of historic varieties of vegetables a "Mispel" was not so unusual for us.
And living in a region where traditionally all hard liquor is from trees, the Mispel one happens to be my unquestioned favorite, after a good meal at the pub. I'd describe the tiny fruit aroma hint that is usual with fruit liquor as a touch of marzipan that works much better than I'd expect upon hearing this description (I'd definitely not be eager to try something advertised as marzipan liquor).
Perhaps it's no coincidence that the article doesn't mention Germany at all, it might ruin the "forgotten" hook. (no you can't walk into a German supermarket and walk out with a bag full of Mispels, it's not that un-forgotten)
Try in a Turkish shop (in Germany I mean), you'll find them for sure.
Could deserve a try. How is the recipe?
Asking the wrong person, I only know how to read the chalkboard that lists the "fruits" available.
This is the supplier, basically the "industry giant" amongst the traditional distillers of the region (most others aren't full time occupations I think): _URL_
Yeah. Naspolya. We have them in Hungary, too, although they have become less and less common over the years.
Pretty common in France too: the tree is néflier, the fruit is nèfle. Disappointed too as I could find this with a simple Wikipedia search...
They're not particularly rare in England (although rarely eaten). You see them a lot in stately homes. And although I don't live in one of those, I have one in my back garden.
I had a large tree in the garden of my previous house. I used to make significant quantities of medlar jelly every year and give the jars away to family and friends. The house was 400 years old, but the tree was significantly younger.
I also have a "nespolo" tree. But honestly I don't know if it's a european or a japonica variant
If the tree keeps its dark green leaves in winter is japonica. If naked in winter and taking a good pinkish yellow color in fall, european.
Oval, orange, edible in summer? Japonica. Round, brown, requires frost - European.
Aye, they're called "nespoles" in Corfu also and it's probably an Italian influence.
Yeah, I've eaten these. Never knew they were "rare".
Nísperos, in Spain.
Weird Fruit Explorer just did an episode on these if you want to see what they're like: _URL_
The whole channel is fascinating. Probably my favorite niche YouTube channel. I had no idea just how many edible fruits are out there and how strange many of them are. Makes me want to quit my job and travel around the world finding thousands of weird fruits to eat.
I was actually surprised by Dragon Fruit, recently. Not sure if you had it before. But the plant, is a cactus like vine. I went into a park in Hawaii. And saw it strangling a huge tree. No idea that it could grow like that.
I knew it would be the medlar before i clicked! Perhaps i spend too much time reading about rude fruit.
Anyway, it's a great little fruit, makes superb jelly and cheese (ie jelly with pulp, like a very thick jam). Somewhere between plum and date in flavour, perhaps.
I have a jar of my father's medlar cheese in the fridge, might go and pop a bit on some cheese...
All these quotes form Jane Steward and they never link to her website. It's nice, makes the fruit look a bit more appetizing: _URL_
I always enjoyed that bit of Romeo and Juliet in high school...
 If love be blind, love cannot hit the mark.
 Now will he sit under a medlar tree
 And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit
 As maids call medlars when they laugh alone.—
 O Romeo, that she were! Oh, that she were
 An open arse, and thou a poperin pear.
It's good to remember that some of Shakespeare is just a more poetic version of texting a peach emoji and eggplant emoji.
A few months ago I had a jar of medlar jelly shipped over from the UK via Amazon. It was not cheap but very tasty; the flavor reminded me a bit of quince jelly, another pretty rare item in the US. I'd like to have it again sometime, maybe for a special occasion.
The rest of my medieval foods bucket list includes purslane and sorrel. It looks like I'll have to grow both of them from seeds as I have no hope of buying them from a store anytime soon.
Oh, you reminded me of quince jam. That used to be my favorite. I haven't seen any for over a decade, quince trees used to be common in my home country, but they fell out of favour for some reason and very few people grow them anymore.
Quince jam and quince juice were great.
Quince are naturally very high in pectin, so they were often grown to be added to other fruit as a thickener in jams. These days people just buy commercially produced pectin, or more likely, don't make jam at all.
I've seen it at upscale grocery stores, usually next to the fancy cheese section.
Angelica's candied stems are probably among the best candidates for the "once popular but now forgotten" list.
In this case there are good reasons to not consume it. Very similar to poisonous species for the untrained eye.
I haven't had sorrel in ages, but it's amazing. Intensely sharp, lemony flavour. A classic thing to do is to stuff it inside a mackerel and grill it.
Depending where you are, these may well already be growing wild or as weeds, they're distributed pretty widely especially where euro crops are grown. Look out for nettle as well, it's not bad at all.
Purslane, at least, is extremely easy to grow. It can actually become a weed in some circumstances.
Quite tasty. I haven't grown it for a few years, but it's on my seed list now. Thanks for the reminder!
sorrel is not terribly exciting. I think it should grow from seed easily.
The equivlent in North America (in terms of being a once popular, now nearly forgotten fruit) is the Pawpaw: _URL_
Hmm. Some of us have heard of it via the original Disney animated Jungle Book, where it cameos in the song "Bear Necessities" (or is that "Bare Necessities?" Dual meaning and all that, forget which one is the canonical title.) Anyway, Phil Harris sings:
"Now when you pick a pawpaw / or a prickly pear / and if you prick a raw paw / well then next time, beware! Don't pick a prickly pear by the paw / when you pick a pear, try to use the claw. But you don't need to use the paw / when you pick a pear from a big pawpaw. Have I given you a clue?"
This may have placed me under the erroneous impression it was a tropical fruit.
There are (at least) three fruit known as the pawpaw:
1. Asimina (North American pawpaw


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Author(s): KENDRIS CHRISTOPHER
Verbs and verb conjugations are the basic building blocks when learning a foreign language. Light, compact, and easy to carry wherever students go, books in this series offer approximately 300 frequently-used verbs that are presented in easy-to-read verb conjugation tables. Each verb includes its English equivalent, sample sentences, and related words and expressions. These books also include general instruction in verb usage. Titles in Barron's Verbs series are shorter versions of Barron's 501 Verbs books. This smaller-format book is a handy reference sources for students taking Spanish, as well as for Spanish language teachers, and translators.


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An excerpt from H. Petard, "A contribution to the mathematical theory of big game hunting," The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 446-447, 1938:
The Hilbert, or axiomatic, method. We place a locked cage at a given point of the desert. We then introduce the following logical system.
- Axiom I. The class of lions in the Sahara Desert is non-void.
- Axiom II. If there is a lion in the Sahara Desert, there is a lion in the cage.
- Rule of Procedure. If p is a theorem, and "p implies q" is a theorem, then q is a theorem.
- Theorem I. There is a lion in the cage.
The method of inversive geometry. We place a spherical cage in the desert, enter it, and lock it. We perform an inversion with respect to the cage. The lion is then in the interior of the cage, and we are outside.
The method of projective geometry. Without loss of generality, we may regard the Sahara Desert as a plane. Project the plane into a line, and then project the line into an interior point of the cage. The lion is projected into the same point.
The Bolzano-Weierstrass method. Bisect the desert by a line running N-S. The lion is either in the E portion or in the W portion; let us suppose him to be in the W portion. Bisect this portion by a line running E-W. The lion is either in the N portion or in the S portion; let us suppose him to be in the N portion. We continue this process indefinitely, constructing a sufficiently strong fence about the chosen portion at each step. The diameter of the chosen portions approaches zero, so that the lion is ultimately surrounded by a fence of arbitrarily small perimeter.


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I've been setting up my Base II with ableton and have a couple questions I was hoping someone could help me figure out concerning scales and root notes. The Base has a function which while holding shift and being on an instrument or drum rack (in Sends or Device mode), allows the change of scales and root notes. By default, the "Major" scale is the automatic selection scale, which automatically detects if your track contains an instrument or a drum rack and actively changes the controller layout view, but when you change to other scales directly from the Base this function is lost, and using a drum rack and an instrument simultaneously becomes very difficult. The normal drum rack layout switches to an instrument layout, where only a few lined up notes are playable and the rest are blank; why isn't the automatic detection included in all scales so that drum racks always have the same layout?


in,,,
Why Is Uncle Sam Called Uncle Sam?
Uncle Sam
America recently celebrated its Independence Day this year in the middle of a pandemic as well as heightened racial tension. July 4 celebrations were largely subdued (unless you count President Trump's recreation of Triumph of the Will at Mt. Rushmore), with a vocal minority calling for a proclaiming: "That flag is a lie!" Absent were the huge crowds watching fireworks displays as well as the ubiquitous hometown parades featuring someone dressed up as Uncle Sam, a character that has been the US government's mascot for decades and whose fictional birthday is July 4, 1776.
With less time out celebrating and more time to ponder a reality where independence day celebrations could receive a makeover moving forward, we wondered, could the "old, white man" Uncle Sam, too, be retired as an image used to represent the country? With protestors advocating the removal of statues of founding fathers like George Washington and other famous presidents like Abraham Lincoln because of "problematic" aspects of their lives, it seems only logical that Uncle Sam's history as a symbol used to represent the United States during wartime could land him in the same position, even if he was not a real person – or was he?
Uncle Sam posters
Uncle Sam is a familiar character used for decades to represent the US government, in particular during wartime. Sam as we have come to know him has often been portrayed as a slender, older, white gentleman, resplendent in his red, white and blue tuxedo and matching top hat, with white, curly locks and a goatee, pointing his finger and telling you with a stern look in his eyes: I WANT YOU FOR THE U.S. ARMY.
Uncle Sam the character is said by historians to have been derived from Samuel Wilson, a meat packer who lived in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Wilson aided the US Army in their fight against the British by supplying rations of beef. Though the barrels bore a stamp that read "U.S." for "United States," someone joked that the initials actually stood for "Uncle Sam," and soldiers allegedly began to refer to the rations as Uncle Sam's. From there, the story was reported in newspapers and "Uncle Sam" began slowly catch on as a nickname for the United States.
Though Samuel Wilson died in 1854, Uncle Sam was often used as a character to represent the US government in political cartoons and the like, with his image changing and evolving over time. Sometimes he was drawn to look more like Benjamin Franklin and then more like Lincoln after his death in 1865. It was not until 1916 when James Montgomery Flagg created the now-iconic "What Are You Doing For Preparedness?" World War One recruitment poster that Americans first saw the Uncle Sam we know now. Flagg's poster was modeled after an almost identical British army recruitment poster showing Lord Kitchener in the same pose. This particular rendering of Uncle Sam stuck and the image was used heavily again in US Army materials during World War Two.
Uncle Sam posters
Though some have questioned the validity of the claim that Samuel Wilson was Uncle Sam incarnate, the meat packer from Troy, New York was officially recognized by the US government in 1961 as the man behind Uncle Sam. Additionally, Wilson's birthday, September 13, was designated "Uncle Sam Day" in 1989 via a Congressional joint resolution, and in Wilson's birthplace of Arlington, Massachusetts, as well as his hometown of Troy, New York, one can find statues in his honor – for now.
TikTok logo
Will TikTok start World War 3?
Soviet Pepsi machine
When the Soviets Swapped Warships for Pepsi


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Guide to higher education in Ukraine - information from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and Ukrainian State Center for International Education
The Ukrainian State Center for International Education was established by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in 2003 to promote education opportunities in Ukraine for foreign citizens.
Acting as the official representative of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Center actively collaborates with:
– Higher education institutions of Ukraine;
– Government authorities of Ukraine;
– Ukraine's diplomatic missions abroad; and
– Embassies of foreign countries in Ukraine.
Ukrainian education is considered to be one of the best in the world given it's long and rich history. Higher educational institutions in Ukraine were first established in the 17th century and attracted students from all over the world. Experienced teachers and professors, a great diversity of specialties and European standards of quality make Ukrainian education popular among students worldwide.
In 2005, Ukraine joined the Bologna Process which is a positive step towards integrating Ukrainian education into the European Higher Education Area.
Ukrainian higher educational institutions provide courses in Ukrainian, Russian or English. International students have the opportunity to study in more than 240 higher educational institutions and obtain specializations in different scientific fields. Each year, higher educational institutions welcome students from more than 150 countries.
More information may be found at: _URL_


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Snowy Hydro Education Program
Snowy Hydro has been running educational programs for schools visiting the Snowy Mountains Scheme for over 10 years. Our programs offer a unique learning experience for students from Primary School to Year 12.
A range of education classroom resources has been produced specifically for schools, each providing an appropriate case study for a range of syllabuses. Each resource is outlined in this section through their appropriate stages.
As well as these classroom resources, the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre situated in Cooma (just over an hour from Canberra) has a range of activities tailored to fit your programs. The Centre focuses on the Schemes power stations, dams, water resources and energy market but it also includes displays on key topics such as water, environment, engineering and history. Exhibits ranging from pedal-power bikes, an interactive energy market and hands-on models reinforce a dynamic learning experience for students of all ages. The Centre delivers tailored presentations to students about the Scheme which cover the environment, cloud seeding, renewable energy, National Electricity Market and water.
For more information on school visits to the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre, click on the red links on the left hand side of the page. Details are provided under the Contact Education page.
Copyright © Snowy Hydro Limited. All rights reserved.


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- What is a good word for amazed?
- What's a synonym for Shocked?
- What does tranquil mean?
- Is Calm an emotion?
- What is a better word than incredible?
- What is the synonym of amazing?
- What is the opposite word of danger?
- What is the opposite word of calm?
- What is opposite of amazing?
- What is a antonym for amazed?
- What is opposite of dark?
- What is a slang word for awesome?
- What is the synonym and antonym of amazed?
- What is a word for calm and relaxed?
- What is another word for dangerous situation?
- What is the synonyms for amazed?
- What is the synonyms for dangerous?
What is a good word for amazed?
amazedastonished,astounded,awestruck.(also awestricken),bowled over,dumbfounded.(also dumfounded),dumbstruck,More items….
What's a synonym for Shocked?
In this page you can discover 70 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for shocked, like: startled, astounded, appalled, astonished, aghast, dismayed, amazed, troubled, offended, stupefied and upset.
What does tranquil mean?
calm, tranquil, serene, placid, peaceful mean quiet and free from disturbance. calm often implies a contrast with a foregoing or nearby state of agitation or violence. the protests ended, and the streets were calm again tranquil suggests a very deep quietude or composure.
Is Calm an emotion?
Is Calmness an Emotion? Although not immediately identifiable as an emotion, calmness is a psychological state that softens and soothes negative emotions like anxiety and stress but also softens anger and frustration. It is the state that encourages the other five emotional habits.
What is a better word than incredible?
unbelievable, unimaginable, preposterous, improbable, ridiculous, absurd, inconceivable, great, fabulous, awe-inspiring, awesome, unreal, astounding, astonishing, extraordinary, amazing, wonderful, prodigious, superhuman, glorious.
What is the synonym of amazing?
What is the opposite word of danger?
What is the opposite of danger?safetysecurityguardinviolabilityinvulnerabilityprotectioncareshelterwelfarerefuge5 more rows
What is the opposite word of calm?
What is the opposite of calm?agitatedanxiousstormywildinsecureangstyfranticrattledroughangry149 more rows
What is opposite of amazing?
amazing. Antonyms: common, ordinary, familiar, trivial, commonplace, customary, frequent, usual. Synonyms: astounding, astonishing, bewildering, marvellous, prodigious, miraculous, vast, portentous, ominous, striking, wonderful, surprising, astounding, extraordinary.
What is a antonym for amazed?
Antonyms of AMAZED dispassionate, unemotional, unconcerned, jaded, bored, emotionless, indifferent, impassive, blase, casual, incurious, uninterested, unsurprised, unimpressed, nonchalant, disinterested, not surprised, unruffled.
What is opposite of dark?
Antonym of Dark Word. Antonym. Dark. Light. Get definition and list of more Antonym and Synonym in English Grammar.
What is a slang word for awesome?
Below are some common teen slang words you might hear: Dope – Cool or awesome. … Lit – Amazing, cool, or exciting.
What is the synonym and antonym of amazed?
Synonyms. stunned astonied surprised astonished astounded. Antonyms. unsurprised conscious clearheaded not surprised.
What is a word for calm and relaxed?
Frequently Asked Questions About calm Some common synonyms of calm are peaceful, placid, serene, and tranquil.
What is another word for dangerous situation?
perilThe adjective perilous comes from the Latin word periculum, meaning dangerous. Words from the same root include peril, a noun meaning a dangerous situation, and imperil, a verb meaning to put in danger.
What is the synonyms for amazed?
What is the synonyms for dangerous?


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In the enchanting tapestry of feline fascination, a radiant tale unfolds—the story of cats and the vibrant display of colored lights that adorn the night sky. These luminous spectacles become more than just celestial wonders; they transform into captivating companions for our curious and nocturnal feline friends. Join us as we immerse ourselves in the magical connection between cats and the kaleidoscopic dance of colored lights, revealing the reasons behind their nocturnal enchantment, the behaviors it inspires, and the joy it brings to both cats and their dazzled human companions.
**Nocturnal Reverie: Cats and the Radiant Nighttime Sky**
Cats, natural hunters and crepuscular beings, find themselves captivated by the colorful display of lights that adorns the night sky. From the subtle glow of city lights to the cosmic spectacle of the aurora borealis, the radiant night becomes a canvas of celestial allure for our whiskered friends. The nocturnal reverie of cats under the luminous sky unfolds as a testament to their affinity for the magical dance of colored lights.
**Chasing Rainbows in the Sky: Cats and the Playful Pursuit of Light**
As streaks of colored lights grace the night, cats often engage in playful pursuits, swatting at the ethereal trails with nimble paws. Whether it's the glow of fireflies or the play of laser lights, felines find joy in the chase, turning the nocturnal landscape into an interactive playground of mesmerizing colors. The vibrant lights become the catalyst for spirited and agile feline antics.
**Starry-Eyed Stargazers: Cats and Celestial Light Shows**
Beyond the earthly glow, cats may also be enchanted by celestial light shows, such as meteor showers and lunar phenomena. The twinkling stars and radiant moonbeams become celestial companions for our stargazing feline friends. Their starry-eyed expressions under the cosmic spectacle add a touch of wonder to the shared moments of nocturnal observation.
**Colored Lights in Interior Spaces: Cats and the Indoor Aurora**
For indoor cats, the fascination with colored lights extends to the artificial glow within the home. From string lights adorning a cozy corner to the soft hues of a lava lamp, the indoor environment becomes a playground of enchanting illumination. Cats may find solace in the ambient glow, turning the home into a haven of colored light exploration.
**Photogenic Purr-traits: Cats Amidst the Radiant Palette**
The visual allure of cats amidst the radiant glow of colored lights often leads to photogenic moments that resonate with artistic beauty. The contrast between the feline grace and the kaleidoscopic hues creates compositions that are both striking and evocative. Social media platforms become virtual galleries for sharing these luminous feline portraits, with hashtags like _TAG_ and _TAG_ gaining popularity.
**DIY Indoor Light Displays: Crafting Whimsical Illuminated Spaces**
For creative cat owners, crafting DIY indoor light displays becomes a delightful project. Designing spaces with colorful lights not only enhances the visual appeal of the environment but also provides a stimulating and enchanting atmosphere for feline friends. DIY indoor light displays become whimsical landscapes where cats can immerse themselves in the magical dance of radiant hues.
In conclusion, the enchanting connection between cats and the mesmerizing dance of colored lights unfolds as a story of nocturnal reverie, playful pursuits, and celestial stargazing. As we explore the world where whiskers meet the radiant night sky, we discover the joy, wonder, and sense of enchantment that these luminous connections bring to the lives of both cats and their dazzled human companions. Colored lights become not just visual phenomena but celestial companions in the shared moments of play, observation, and visual poetry between cats and those who appreciate the dazzling charm of their feline friends.


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My Snake Plant Yellowing
If the leaves on your snake plant yellowing and soft, you may be anxious for a cure. You've come to the proper location if that's the case. Overwatering and root illness can cause snake plant leaves to turn yellow and mushy. Underwatering, excessive sunshine, overfertilization, fungal infections, and insect infestation can all produce snake plant yellowing. I'll go over all of the various causes and solutions to the problem in this article.
Sansevieria is also known as mother-in-tongue laws and snake plant. Isn't it an intriguing name? It's possible that you're giving your plant proper care, yet the leaves are becoming soft and yellow. Some of the possible causes are:
When you overwater your snake plant, you're essentially laying the groundwork for its demise. Yes, it is that hazardous. If your plants begin to turn yellow, you are not doing something correctly! It's time to get serious about your watering routine and save the snake plant as quickly as possible. It's critical that you understand what's causing the leaves to become yellow. The leaves should be in good shape. If you notice a change in the color of your leaves, overwatering may be the first thing that comes to mind. The plant's healthy leaves would be dark green in hue.
There's no such thing as too much or too little! There will be a suitable habitat for fungal illnesses if there is any stagnant water. We certainly don't want it to happen. The snake plants should be watered every 2 to 6 weeks. You can also examine if the soil appears to be dry. You must look after the plant based on its need for water.
Lack Of Light
It's possible that you're exposing your plant to far too much light! Yes, you read that correctly. It produces sunburn in the same way that sitting out in the sun for too long does. It can happen to your snake plant if you leave it outside or in a spot where the sun shines brightly. You might be startled to learn that sunlight shining through your window can harm your snake plant yellowing.
Because the window glass can occasionally magnify the sunray, causing your snake plant to lose more water. As a result, the snake plant yellowing or brown at the tips. Snake plants are simple to maintain. People usually like plants like this for this reason. However, this does not negate the importance of the plant's primary factors. You don't want your plants to be overexposed to the sun. If you keep the plants in indirect sunlight, this is a good idea. You must offer appropriate solar exposure. You'll have to put in some effort to find the appropriate position for your plants if you want to provide indirect sunlight!
It's possible that you're too preoccupied with life! It's also likely that you've heard that if you don't water your snake plant, it will live for a long period. Or perhaps you were on vacation. In any case, insufficient underwatering will manifest some of the same symptoms as overwatering. Because the root system can't get enough water and nutrients if it's underwatered, it can't perform its physiological functions effectively. The nutrients in the soil are still in a soluble state.
You might not be sure if you're underwatering, just like you're not sure if you're overwatering! In fact, if you've heard that overwatering might harm a plant, it's possible that you're not watering it at all. In the winter, make sure you're watering less. It's critical to understand when and how much water your snake plant requires. Now that you've received a plant, it's up to you to take proper care of it. When your plant asks for water, pay heed to it. The outcome would be visible in the hue of the leaves. Are you sure you know what to do next?
Just avoid those things above, it will help you to save your snake plant!


Independence For Latin America 1. Revolutions in America  Plantation  Creoles  Mestizos  Joseph Bonaparte  Cabildos 2
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Text of Independence For Latin America 1. Revolutions in America  Plantation  Creoles  Mestizos ...
 - Independence For Latin America*
 - Revolutions in AmericaPlantationCreolesMestizosJoseph BonaparteCabildos*
 - Revolutions in AmericaThe United States Revolution paved the way for many other revolutionsWhy did the revolutions happen?Life in the 1700sRigid social classesHighest social class born in EuropeEnjoyed social privileges and controlled most of the wealthPlantation ownersPlantation is a large farmCreoles born in the AmericaParents born in SpainRich and well educated, not trustedJealous of the SpaniardsMestizosPart Indian Part Spanish Crafts People and shop ownersFew were rich*
 - The Lower ClassesIndiansMade up the majority of the populationHad little to do with societyPersonal servants and laborersPoor and had few RightsAfricansslavesProperty of their ownersThe three lower classes made up the majority of the people living in Spanish AmericaPoorFew rightsLittle chance at an educationClass systems varied from colony to colony but the general situation was the same.
 - *
 Class System in Spanish America
 Class System in Spanish America
 To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.
 - What Events Inspired Spanish America?EnlightenmentLocke and VoltaireAmerican RevolutionColonies winFrench Revolution
 All of these events led the people in Spanish America to demand their own rights*
 - French Help1799 a revolutionary leader came into powerNapoleon Bonaparte1808 Invades SpainJoseph Bonaparte is placed on the throne of SpainThis event allowed the Spanish colonies to declare independence with out being disloyal to the kingRevolutions broke out in 1810 with local governmentsCabildossmall governments or city councilsThe time was right to declare independence from SpainCaracasVenezuelaBuenos Aires-Capital of La PlataArgentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, ParaguayBogata-New GrenadaQuito-EcuadorSantiago-ChileAll of these revolutions began with CabildosMexico is the only exception Started by a Creole Priest*
 - Quiz 1If your parents were born in Spain and you were born in Latin America what are you?
 Indian + Spaniard =
 City council in Latin America
 Large farm
 The brother of Napoleon
 Joseph Bonaparte*
 - Baukman and HaitiHispaniolaMulattosVoodooMaroonsBaukmanMachetesNight of Fire*
 - Haiti Prior to 1791French Colony called St. DomingueWestern third of HispaniolaRichest colony in the CaribbeanTaken over in the late 1600s by the French18th Century African Slaves were brought to the coloniesSugar, coffee, cotton and indigo.Indigo is a deep blue dye used in cottonThe French landowners became very wealthyNeed for more land and slaves700,000 slaves35,000 French40,000 mulattosFrench fathers, slave mothers
 - Hispaniola*
 - The beginning of RevolutionFrench to Slave Ratio20-1Why didnt the slaves rebel?The French controlled all the gunsThe slaves didnt stand a chanceAugust 1791Maroons were hiding in the mountains practicing VoodooMaroons-escaped slavesDrums beating celebrating a voodoo riteA revolution was being plannedA priest named Boukman led the ceremonyLeaders of the slaves from across Plain du Nord*
 - BaukmanA foreman who ran field crews, worked his way up to a coachmanBoukman was a huge man that commanded respectHe inspired his followers by telling them that if they die during the rebellion they would wake up in AfricaOne week laterAugust 2250,000 Slaves rose up armed with scythes and machetesMachetes-a large heavy knife used to cut sugarcane and brushKilled and tortured plantation owners and their familiesSet fires to everythingThe night became as bright as dayAll plantations in Plain du Nord were destroyedCalled the Night of Fire*
 - The Struggle ContinuesBoukmans uprising surprised the FrenchThe French soldiers fought back even harderThousands of slaves were killedThe rest were chased into hidingSt Domingue is divided into two partsMountains-slavesCoastal townsFrench soldiers and planters and officialsThe uprising spread to the western part of the island and was largely controlledBoukman was killed in battle (beheaded)Head publicly displayedBoukman was replaced by Biassou and Jean Francois*
 - Quiz 2Who was the leader of the rebellion in HispaniolaWhat is an escaped slave calledFrench father + slave mother=The night where all of the plantations in Plain du Nord were burned A deadly weapon in the hands of a slaveBoukman
 Night of Fire
 - Toussaint LOuverture in HaitiToussaint LOuvertureGuerilla ArmyNapoleon BonaparteGeneral LeclercDessalinesYellow Fever*
 - Toussaint louvertureFrancois Dominique ToussaintAdded lOuverture to the end of his last nameBorn 1743 on a plantation in Northern St. DomingueHis father was an African chief capturedLegendTaught him that knowledge is powerStep-Father taught him how to get powerTaught him how to read and write in French and LatinHow to use herbs and plants for healingDid not participate in the Night of FireWhen the rebellion reached his plantationFamily firstFamily of the plantation managerJoined the revolution
 - Early in the revolutionToussaint was a doctorThen began giving military advise and medical careToussaint urged leaders to teach the troops disciplineStop destroying everythingUse the things to help themselvesToussaint is made a commanderTaught the soldiers disciplineTrained them like professional soldiers*
 - Toussaint Leads the revolutionBiassou and Jean Francois were poor leadersThey were disloyal to the cause of freedom1791 French looked to be putting down the revoltBiassou and Jean Franis agreed to turn over the former slaves in exchange for their own freedomToussaint organized the slaves into a guerilla armyGuerilla army- a group of soldiers that are not well trainedThey attacked the French when they least expected itAttackand retreat into the mountainsVery fast and in unexpected directionsThe French could never relax*
 - Toussaint Memorable figure as he rodeRode without a saddleDressed in a French uniformHandkerchief on his headOdd shape under his coatHunchback*
 - Victories (triumphs)Won several victories over the FrenchPromised the townspeople that he would treat them well if they surrenderedThe French refused to free the slavesSpain and Great Britain were at war with the FrenchToussaint joined the Spanish forces in Santo DomingoNamed a general an won battles for the SpanishStill felt some loyalty to France1794 France passed a law freeing all slavesToussaint joined the French and drove the Spanish from the island1795 most important man in St. Domingue*
 - The most important manConcerned about the economy of the islandMost of the plantations were destroyedAsked the former slaves to come back to work and share in the profitsToussaint began to create a separate governmentConstitution was writtenDeclared slavery ended foreverNegotiated treaties with Great Britain and the United StatesTraded sugar for arms1801 Ruler of Hispaniola*
 - NapoleonNapoleon needed the wealth of St. Domingue to fund his warsEconomy could only be brought back through slaveryThe invasion of St. DomingueLed by his brother-in-law General Victor Leclerc43000 soldierslargest invasion force in France historySpies reported Napoleons plans to ToussaintI have known they would come and that the reason behind it would be that one and only goal: reinstatement of slavery. However, we will never again submit to that.Preparations for warImported weapons from the US, reinforced fortsDug pits and trenches in the forestDrafted all men over 12*
 - The invasion of St. DomingueThe people are besides themselves with fury. They never withdraw or give up. They sing as they are facing death and they still encourage each other while they are dying. They seem to not know painsend reinforcementsLeclerc knew that he didnt stand a chanceMeeting with one of his officersToussaint and his family are captured and sent back to FranceIn overthrowing me you have cut down in St. Domingue only the trunk of the tree liberty. It will spring up again from the roots, for they are many and they are deep.Toussaint and his family are separatedSent to Switzerland
 - France Loses St. DomingueThe French were having a new problemThe guerilla war continuedThousands of black people were killedThe more that were killed the greater the resistanceJacques DessalinesNo loyalty to FranceWanted to end slaveryMake St. Domingue independentBurning of plantations continuedFrench had superior weaponsOnly a matter of time*
 - Yellow FeverDeadly disease spread by mosquitoesThousands of French Soldiers diedUnable to conquer the epidemic8000 soldiers lived to sail back homeWhy didnt the Slaves get Yellow fever?January 1, 1804 St. Domingue declared independentNew name HaitiIndian name before Europeans settled there.Haiti


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Wednesday, September 2 News
Fairfield 375: A humble onion made Southport world famous
It was not until the 1840s that globe onions became a major agricultural crop in Fairfield, and Southport became the shipping center for the onions. In fact, the Southport Globe Onion is still sold under that name today.
"It is truly a top-notch producer for the North and still one of the best," the Baker Creek Heirloom Seed Co. in Missouri says on its website of the Southport Globe Onion.
Although onions had been grown here by early farmers, it wasn't until the development of the globe onion with its high yields that Fairfield farmers began growing and selling large shipments of onions. Shipping their onions from the Southport docks to New York by boat from Southport was easier for farmers than taking their crops to either Bridgeport or Norwalk. The local sloops usually took about one week to travel from Southport to New York and back, to pick up more onions.
Warehouses lined the Southport shoreline and hundreds of thousands of barrels of onions were being shipped out of Southport in the early 1890s.
But the local crop went into decline after a plague of cutworms damaged many of the onion fields and low prices were forced by competition from onion growers in other states. Compounding those problems was a federal project to improve Bridgeport Harbor, which emerged as a shipping center that eclipsed Southport as a transportation hub for the crops.


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Unraveling Online Behavior: Understanding Why Some Players Are Mean on Minecraft Servers
Minecraft, a game celebrated for its creativity and community, brings together players from all walks of life to collaborate and share in the virtual realm. However, in this interconnected world, encounters with mean-spirited players can be disheartening. In this article, we will delve into the complex realm of online behavior on Minecraft servers and seek to understand the reasons behind some players' mean actions.
Anonymity and Disinhibition:
One factor that influences online behavior is the sense of anonymity. Players often feel shielded by the virtual veil, which may lead to disinhibition. This reduced accountability can cause some to act in ways they wouldn't in face-to-face interactions, leading to mean-spirited behavior.
Competitiveness and Ego:
Minecraft servers can foster a competitive environment, especially in PvP-oriented realms. Some players may become consumed by the desire to win, leading to aggressive and negative behavior as they seek to assert their dominance.
Griefing and Trolling:
Griefing, or intentionally disrupting others' gameplay, and trolling, where players provoke reactions for their amusement, are unfortunately present in online gaming communities. Minecraft servers are not immune to such behavior, and it can contribute to a negative atmosphere.
Cultural and Age Differences:
Minecraft attracts a diverse player base, encompassing individuals from various cultures and age groups. These differences in values, communication styles, and maturity levels can sometimes result in misunderstandings and conflicts, leading to mean interactions.
In an online setting, some players may emulate the behavior of others, especially if they observe mean-spirited actions going unchecked. This copycat behavior can perpetuate a cycle of negativity on the server.
For some players, online gaming serves as an escape or emotional outlet. They might channel their frustrations or stress into the game, inadvertently expressing negativity through mean actions.
Lack of Consequences:
The perception of lenient consequences for mean behavior on some servers can embolden individuals to act unkindly. Addressing this issue requires robust moderation and enforcement of community guidelines.
Unraveling online behavior on Minecraft servers reveals a complex web of factors that influence why some players exhibit mean-spirited actions. Anonymity, competitiveness, cultural differences, and a lack of consequences all play a role in shaping online interactions. However, it's crucial to remember that the vast majority of Minecraft players engage in positive and collaborative experiences.
So, as we continue to build and explore in the Minecraft universe, let us strive to foster an inclusive and respectful community. By understanding the factors that contribute to mean behavior, we can work towards creating a more welcoming and enjoyable environment for all players. Empathy, understanding, and clear community guidelines can pave the way for a virtual realm that showcases the best of what Minecraft has to offer. Happy crafting and compassionate gaming!


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Sediment Cells - These are lengths of coastline where the movement of sediment is self contained (the same). If the movement is affected then the next sediment cell should not be affected.
Shoreline Management Plans are plans about how the coastline is managed in one sediment cell.
Why have Shoreline Management Plans?
They are here to:
- Coordinate activities between coastal authorities
- Adress the conflicts between coastal activites
- Make a sustainable defence strategy
- Make a defency strategy which is compatable with adjacent coastal areas
- Take into account natural coastal process and humans
- Encourage cooperation between coastal stakeholders
The four managment options
Do Nothing-This is where they put no defences in place apart from those for safety. They monitor the situation but allow nature to take its course
Hold the Line-This is where they do put defences, keeping them in the same place so that the land does not retreat any more
Advance the line-Here they move defences further into the sea but this is a very rare decision
Retreat the line/Managed Retreat-They move defences further into the land
Examples of Management Options
Do nothing-East Barton-Low value of land-Golf Course
Hold the Line-Central Barton-Property but no new developments allowed
Managed retreat-West Barton
-Abbots Hall Farm
Criteria for management plan
FeasibilityWill the plan be succesful and work? Are you able to follow that management plan there?
Cost effectiveness-Tested by cost benefit analysis
Appropiateness-Is it appropiate for it here? Decided from environmental impact and risk assesments.
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
This is where they take into account the sustainability of ecomoic and social activity and protecting the coastal environment.
It brings together all of the stakeholders involved and their interests and responsibilies.
It takes into account as the geographical context of a coast been
- River Catchments draining into coastal areas
They recognise the importance of sediment cells.


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Megaminx Speedsolving Methods
Contrary to popular belief, the Megaminx is not substantially harder than a 3x3x3 to solve. The Megaminx can be solved up until the last face exactly like F2L on a normal Rubik's Cube. Generally, a solver will start with a "star" on one side, analogous to the cross on a Rubik's Cube. Then, corners and edges are paired and placed exactly like that of CFOP F2L until only the last face needs to be solved. From here there are several ways to go about solving the last face. Many algorithms used on a Rubik's Cube can be applied to the last layer of the Megaminx. For example, Sune (R U R' U R U'2 R') cycles three edges, and F R U R' U' F' and its inverse orient edges just like that of a Rubik's Cube.
List of methods


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A difference equation model for the dynamics of a semelparous size-structured species consisting of juvenile and adult individuals is derived and studied. The adult population consists of two size classes, a smaller class and a larger more fertile class. Negative feedback occurs through slowed juvenile growth due to increased total population levels during the developmental period and consequently a smaller adult size at maturation. Intra-specific competition coefficients are size dependent and measure the strength of intra-specific competition between juveniles and adults. It is shown that equilibrium states in which adults and juveniles occur together at all times are in general destabilized by significantly increased juvenile vs adults competition with the result that stable periodic cycles appear, in which the generations alternate in time and hence avoid competition. This result supports the tenet that intra-specific competition between juveniles and adults is destabilizing. Exceptions to this destabilization principle are found, however, in which populations exhibiting non-equilibrium, aperiodic dynamics can be equilibrated by increase competition between juveniles and adults. This occurs, for example, when adult fertility and competition coefficients are significantly size class dependent.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Environmental Science(all)
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Computational Theory and Mathematics


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Drivers of red cars are more likely to find themselves cleaning off bird poop than those who drive a different color car, according to research reported in the Daily Mail.
Commissioned by the car accessory company Halfords, scientists looked at 1,140 vehicles in British cities like Brighton, Glasgow, Leeds, Manchester and Bristol.
They found that red cars were most often found covered in bird droppings - 18 percent - while green cars were the least likely – 1 percent.
The scientists say there isn't a concrete reason why red cars are the most-dropped on, but it might be because birds see the red as something representing danger.
· Red - 18 %
· Blue - 14 %
· Black - 11 %
· White - 7 %
· Grey/Silver - %
· Green - 1 %
The study also looked at how quick drivers were to clean the droppings off.
Only 17 percent said they wiped the poo off as soon as they saw it. Twenty percent said they cleaned it within a couple of days, while 55 percent said they waited until it was time for their next regular car wash.
Eight percent said they never wash their cars.


New dinosaur species named after its five-year-old discoverer
In 2009, five year old Daisy Morris was walking on Atherfield beach on the Isle of Wight when found something quite unexpected: ancient fossilized remains of some sort of terribly flying lizard. She took her discovery to fossil expert Martin Simpson at the nearby University of Southampton. Simpson and his team confirmed that Daisy had found a completely unknown species of flying dinosaur that dates back 115 million years.
Mr. Simpson remarks on the incredible discovery:
Four years later, the pterosaur has been donated to the Natural History Museum and the species has been dubbed Vectidraco daisymorrisae. Vectidraco means "dragon from the Isle of Wight" and daisymorrisae is, of course, a tribute to Daisy. The Isle of Wight is known as the "dinosaur capital of Great Britain," and Daisy, now 9 years old, has developed quite an interest in fossils and dinosaurs.
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Tuesday, July 28, 2009
Japan's funerals deep-rooted mix of ritual, form
Funerals in Japan incorporate a unique mixture of religion, tradition, culture, ritual and geography that to the outsider may appear perplexing.
Following are questions and answers about funerals in Japan and related activities:
Do funerals generally have a religious context?
With regard to rituals, most Japanese partake in a mixture of Shinto and Buddhism, with the latter customarily focused on funerals and the departed.
According to a Tokyo Metropolitan Government survey in fiscal 2001, 85 percent of 453 respondents said funerals they have participated in were Buddhist in nature, 4 percent were Shinto and 3 percent Christian. A further 4 percent said they have been involved in nonreligious funeral ceremonies.
How does a typical Buddhist funeral ceremony proceed?
The immediate family first keeps a night vigil, or wake, over the deceased on the day of death and generally holds the funeral the following day. Participants can attend either the wake or the funeral, or both.
During the wake and funeral services, participants who are not among the next of kin customarily offer money to the bereaved and burn incense to pray for the soul of the deceased at a temple or other venue where a monk chants sutras before an altar.
After the ceremony, the deceased is often carried in an ornate hearse to a crematorium.
After the cremation, the family and close friends use special chopsticks to collect bone fragments for a cinerary urn, which is traditionally placed in a family grave within 49 days after the funeral.
Rituals can vary, depending on the branch of Buddhism dealing with the deceased.
In recent years, ceremonies have generally tended to become simpler.
Why are rites performed at both the night wake and the funeral the following day?
They are different rituals.
The wake is the last occasion for the next of kin to spend time with the deceased, and the funeral is a ceremony of departure.
Wakes are believed to have originally been gatherings of pupils who talk all night about the lessons from the Buddha when he passed away. These days, relatives and friends stay all night in a lighted room with the deceased, at least as per the practice of the Jodo sect of Buddhism, according to its Web site.
Wakes are also nowadays more convenient for working people to attend than funerals.
Why do participants offer money to the next of kin, and what is the general amount?
It is customary for people to make a monetary offering to those holding ceremonies, including funerals, to ease the financial burden of such events.
The amount paid often depends on how close the contributor was to the deceased and how old the person is. When a colleague dies, the amount can range from ¥3,000 to ¥20,000. When parents and siblings die, family members may pay more.
Part of the custom also entails a return thank-you gift for the offering, in many cases a designer towel or dish.
What is the proper attire for attending a funeral and proper way to burn incense?
Basic black suits, dresses, ties and shoes are the norm, and accessories are kept to a minimum. Wearing gray clothing at a wake is acceptable because it is considered a gesture that the attendant felt the death was unexpected.
At many ceremonies, a tray is passed around with incense powder and a flame. The usual practice is for attendants to hold up a small amount of incense and then put it in the flame bowl, repeating the drill one or two more times, depending on the Buddhist sect.
What happens after funerals?
The next of kin and close friends traditionally hold memorial services on each seventh anniversary of the death up until the 49th, although not everyone strictly adheres to this. Similar services are even held one year, two years and six years after a death.
At a gathering at the home of the deceased or a close relative, a monk will chant sutras in front of the family Buddhist altar and then dinner follows.
Cleaning family grave plots on the anniversary of the death or during the weeks of the vernal and autumnal equinoxes are common, as well as during the Bon holiday in August, when people who do not live near their family graves have time off work to make the trip.
Why is cremation the norm here?
Cremation in Japan springs from Buddhist tradition. The practice is based on the legend that the Buddha's body was burned and his soul transmigrated, unlike the belief of Christians, Jews and Muslims in the Resurrection.
The first recorded cremation in Japan was in 700 and coincided with the arrival of Buddhism in the sixth century. But in the early years, only monks and high-ranking people were cremated because the wood to make the fires was too costly, according to the book "Sekai no Soso" ("World Funerals"), compiled by monk Kodo Matsunami.
The custom spread nationwide only after the war, because of the limited land in urban areas and for sanitary reasons.
Before and during the war, burials were the norm.
By fiscal 2007, cremation accounted for 99.8 percent of all those who died, according to the health ministry.
Big metropolitan areas, particularly Tokyo and Osaka, have local ordinances that require cremation for the sake of public health and because there is not enough land to allow burials.
Rural, remote areas aren't always so restrictive.
Do Japanese Christians seek to bury their dead like many of their Western counterparts, who believe the body is needed for resurrection to occur?
Cremation is the norm for Japanese Christians.
Citing the nation's regulations, the Rev. Tomeyuki Naito, general secretary of the United Church of Christ in Japan, said, "As for us, almost all are cremated."
Although Muslims here are few in number, they have a cemetery that accepts burials in Yamanashi Prefecture run by the Japan Muslim Association.
How much do funerals and related services cost?
The costs average ¥2.31 million, including ¥1.42 million for funeral-related fees and ¥401,000 for catering to attendants and ¥549,000 for monks, according to a survey published by Japan Consumers' Association in 2008.
But the costs depend on the size of the ceremony. Two out of the 314 respondents of the survey said they spent ¥200,000 to ¥300,000, the lowest amount, which another two shelled out more than ¥10 million, the highest.
Are all ceremonies expensive?
No, and the trend is to spend less.
"In recent years, we see the trend because many people become more practical and do not spend wastefully," Kamakura Shinsho, which publishes funeral-related dictionaries, says on its Web site.
An increasing number of funerals are held only by the next of kin. Some go for unconventional funerals and forgo the typical, and pricey, Buddhist trappings.
Some gatherings will play the favorite music of the deceased. Others may show photographs of the dead.
Even the family plot may no longer be the final resting place. Some people want their ashes scattered at sea or from an airplane.
Other Japanese have opted for much pricier excursions, having their remains sent into space, Kamakura Shinsho notes.


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SPLITTING TERRACED HOUSES INTO SINGLE UNITS USING OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGERY
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, DLR Berlin, Germany
Keywords: Façade Splitting, Oblique True Ortho, Building Segmentation
Abstract. This paper introduces a method to subdivide complex building structures like terraced houses into single house units comparable to units available in a cadastral map. 3D line segments are detected with sub-pixel accuracy in traditional vertical true orthomosaics as well as in innovative oblique true orthomosaics and their respective surface models. Hereby high gradient strengths on roofs as well as fac¸ades are taken into account. By investigating the coplanarity and frequencies within a set of 3D line segments, individual cut lines for a building complex are found. The resulting regions ideally describe single houses and thus the object complexity is reduced for subsequent topological, semantical or geometrical considerations. For the chosen study area with 70 buidling outlines a hit rate of 80% for cut lines is achieved.


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ALIGN: A guidance tool for living wages and incomes
The The Only Way is Up! Conference marked the launch of ALIGN. ALIGN is a platform that gives access to existing resources on living wage and living income in an interactive and customised way. The portal is meant to be a guidance tool for agri-food companies aiming to reduce complexity around the topic, prioritising easy access and accountable information to build a strong understanding of living wages and income, and assessing risks in supply chains.
A needs assessment conducted by True Price in the second half of 2018 among Dutch agri-food companies, showed that in order to stimulate and facilitate action in the field of living wage/living income, agri-food companies would benefit from having access to existing knowledge, good practices and potential partners. Hence, the relevance of ALIGN as an accountable guidance tool for living wages and incomes.
The platform has two main functionalities:
- A source map where the user can access information on living wage/living income either per country or per commodity
- An action process meant to be a step-by-step guide for companies approaching the theme of living wage/living income
The tool was initially developed for a few selected countries and commodities and will expand from there. These pre-selected countries are Costa Rica, Ghana, Kenya and Ethiopia, and the pre-selected commodities are bananas, cacao, flowers and coffee.
ALIGN is the result of an ongoing partnership between Hivos, Fairfood (as part of the Living Wage Lab project) and the Rainforest Alliance, with the support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, implemented by GIZ.


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From OpenStreetMap Wiki
- Use existing keys if you can. When you use a key, check to see if there's an existing value that matches what you are mapping. To go looking, put your key into the following URL where it says "shop": Key:shop
- Use existing tags if you can. When you use a tag (key=value), check to see if an existing tag is already documented. Don't use it in a different way if it's already documented. To go looking, change this URL where it says "shop=car": Tag:shop=car
- Never invent a tag which you don't have a concrete use for. But if you're using a tag, document your use of the tag, so that other people won't use your tag to mean something else. Define your tag so that it is verifiable.
- If you disagree with the definition of the key or value, then create a new key or value with a different name, use it in your editing, document it in the wiki, AND (this is important) edit the page for the tag you disagree with so that it mentions your tag as an alternative so that people understand that there is disagreement. Link to Taginfo so that people can find out which is more often used in practice.
See also: Any tags you like


s from their underneath details.
 2. Why J2ME is not included in the original suggestion?
 - Because it is very difficult to test and because PUJ was created in Ceará / Brazil, a place with a very small J2ME market. If your local community has a good tradition with J2ME or any other technology not suggested here, please talk to your JUG leader about that.
 3. And if the other students try to eliminate my homework giving me low grades?
 - The PUJ organizer should define the weights and invite a minimum number of professionals that make the students evaluation only decisive in case of even scores. And, think about that: if two homeworks receive exactly the same final grade, it doesn't really matters how the winner is selected. The students are participating in the evaluation for their self learning on how to evaluate and for their comparison of their works with the other competitors - the results of that experience are fantastic.
 4. And if a professor doesn't want to submit my work?
 - Then you are out of the competition. The professor and only the professor can endorse you homework because the PUJ organizers cannot validate all information for all students. We trust in the academic institution for that purpose.
How to organize the PUJ in your local JUG
If you are creating a PUJ for the first time, we suggest you the following actions:
 1. Find the sponsors, the local companies willing to pay the prizes and the marketing material (t-shirt, posters)
 2. Invite the evaluators, the senior professionals who will review the homeworks
 3. Establish a competition calendar, compatible with the local academic calendar and in agreement with the sponsors
 4. Publish the rules and the calendar on the web. Your PUJ is then officially launched
From this point on you need to promote a lot the competition in your JUG and wait for best homeworks. Don't forget to talk to all graduation courses to promote the PUJ inside the universities.
The PUJ Kit
To facilitate the PUJ adoption, we prepared a kit composed by a set of Open Office sheets and forms used to control a PUJ manually. We are still dreaming of an open-source online system to help the management of the people and homeworks, but until we do have such application we expect the kit can make your PUJ adoption more agile.
Organizers FAQ
 1. How to attract sponsors?
 2. How to prevent frauds and guarantee the information security?
 3. Where to find resources to implement a PUJ?
List of adopters
You can use the list below to find out how people organize PUJ competition all over the world. Some JUG leaders authorize us to publish their email, so you can ask them about the organization of the PUJ competition in their local JUGs.
JUG País contato Edições do PUJ
CEJUG BR Felipe Gaúcho (fgaucho @ gmail) 07, 08, 09
GOJAVA BR Raphael Adrien (raphael.adrien @ gmail) 10
JAVABAHIA BR Serge Rehem (serge.rehem @ gmail) 10
... 10
PUJ Memorabilia
CEJUG and the original PUJ
Curious moments during competitions
The wall of shame
 - Once a student tried to cheat against the other competitors giving bad grades for all other works. Two interesting side effects arose from his attempt: 1st: the low grades caused none impact in the overall evaluation since the bad grade just decreased a bit the competition average grade. 2st and most obvious side effect, the other competitors quickly realized the cheat attempt and started to blame our hero, who finally faded away from the discussion forums. So, if you are thinking on how to cheat your opponents, please be smarter the next time. Remember that all grades and evaluation comments are public, so your cheating tricks will be noticed by all people involved in the competition, including your teachers, your bosses and the opponents eager to remove you from the arena.
External links
PUJ Podcast
Blogs about the PUJ
If you blog about the PUJ, please send an email to and we will include here the reference to your page (in any language)
How can I help this project?
Several pending issues are available for the good hearts willing to help, like:
 - Create a PUJ logo - we need a fancy logotype - ok, we need any logotype since we don't have one :)
 - We need an online PUJ management system. We have only a project specification draft so it is pure green grass for the developers looking for fame & fortune (we guarantee the fame, ok?)
 - Ideas: innovative ideas to make the PUJ more robust and more attractive for the competitors are always welcome - and please, keep it simple or helps us to make it even simpler. Do you have a killer innovative idea? Please send it to
Lesser General Public License (LGPL)


Ms. Mango and Quark both see a bird and start to meow. Ms.Mango is 3m from the bird, while Quark is 5m from the brid. A.) If each cat individually has a power output of 0.02 W., whatsound level does the bird hear? B.) If the bird then flies 20mfurther away from t he cats, what sound level would the hear at itnew location? (assume beirds hear the same as humans)
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