text:
This month, DentalCPAs is celebrating Women in Dentistry. Even though roughly half of dental school graduates are female, women still represent just 30 percent of dentists nationwide. In September, discussions on our blog and social media will focus on the contributions and unique challenges of women in dentistry. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn using _USER_ to stay updated on the conversation.
Women in Dentistry: A Look Back Through Time
Dentistry wasn't always an accessible field. Until the turn of the 20th century, all but a few dentists nationwide were male, and many dental schools at that time refused to admit female students. That all changed with Lucy Beaman Hobbs Taylor. She became the first woman to earn a DDS degree in 1866, more than 25 years after the first dental college opened. She opened her dental practice before earning her degree, since the Ohio College of Dental Surgery initially refused her enrollment. Read more about Dr. Hobbs Taylor here.
Because Dr. Hobbs Taylor practiced dentistry for several years on her own, the Ohio College of Dental Surgery waived the traditional coursework requirement, and she took just one class before earning her DDS. In 1869, Henriette Hirschfeld-Tiburtius became the first woman to complete dental school, start to finish. She graduated from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery.
While Dr. Hobbs Taylor was recognized as the first woman with a DDS degree, the honor of first female dentist belongs to Emeline Roberts Jones. She taught herself basic fillings and extractions in secret, and joined her husband's Connecticut dental practice in 1855.
1892 marked the beginning of The Women's Dental Association, which had 12 founding members.
1900 – 1950
In the time since Dr. Hobbs Taylor and Emeline Roberts Jones, dentistry was beginning to change – slowly. Little more than a few dozen dental school graduates during this time were female. Dental schools were just starting to "experiment" with admitting female students. It's estimated that around 1950, about 1 in 55 dentists was a woman. In 1945, four dental colleges still refused to admit women: Harvard, Georgetown, St. Louis University, and the University of Kansas City.
The 1920s were important for women dentists; they began to organize groups and associations within the profession. In 1920, the ADA admitted its first female delegate: Maude Tanner. The following year, the American Association of Women Dentists (formerly known as the Federation of American Women Dentists) was formed. M. Evangeline Jordan, a pioneer in pediatric dentistry, was the first president. Finally, in 1923, Omicron Kappa Upsilon, the American dental honor society, admitted its first female inductee: Anita Martin.
1950 – 1980
Women's roles in dentistry began to expand. While many patients were still known to remark that they had never seen a woman dentist before, the ranks were growing – slowly but steadily. In the 1960s, it's estimated that about one percent of dental school graduates were female. By 1976, 4.6 percent of dental school graduates were female.
In 1951, Helen Myers became the first woman commissioned in the U.S. Army Dental Corps as a dental officer. Later, in 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first woman dean of a dental school at Howard University.
1980 – 2000
The number of female dental school graduates skyrocketed in a decade, from less than five percent in 1976 to 22 percent in 1986. In 1991, Geraldine Morrow became the first woman president of the American Dental Association, and represented the earlier years of women taking more leadership roles in dental organizations.
In 1991, the Office of Research on Women's Health was established within the National Institute of Health. Its purpose was to support women's advancement in health research and health careers. This coincided with the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission in the same year; its goal was to identify and eliminate career obstacles that women and minorities face.
Representative of a larger movement, in 1997 Mattel unveiled Dentist Barbie, although at the time most attitudes toward "smart" Barbie dolls were still stuck in an earlier decade.
The past 17 years have seen dramatic changes in the dental profession. Women have started to occupy more leadership roles in dental societies and academics for the first time. As of 2004, a woman has occupied the senior leadership role in each of these societies. In 2009, Kathleen O'Loughlin became the first female executive director of the ADA.
Dental school graduates have an almost equal female to male ratio; in a few schools, there are more women than men. Many dentists, including many females, are specializing their practices to include cosmetic dentistry, pediatrics, maxillofacial, orthodontics, and endodontics.
Because of the desire for better work-life balance, women are helping to change the dentistry business model. More women than men are likely to pursue part-time or join group practices because they offer better benefits than private practice. More women are likely to perform pro bono work and spend more time with patients – two areas that can impact how a dental practice operates. This relationship-based approach to dentistry is already changing how dental schools admit students – based on a whole life evaluation, not just numbers on paper.
Addressing the challenges that women in dentistry face is a multi-faceted issue. The need for more women in leadership and mentor roles, more (and different) networking opportunities and better work-life balance are key areas. With the number of female dental school graduates expected to increase, we look forward to more contributions from women dentists in the future.


= Defining kinds without an associated datatype = This ticket to track this request is #6024. When using '-XDataKinds' GHC automatically promotes every datatype to a kind, and its constructors to types. This forces us to declare a datatype for every kind. However, sometimes we are not interested in the datatype at all, only on the kind. Consider the following data kind that defines a small universe for generic programming: {{{ data Universe star = Sum Universe Universe | Prod Universe Universe | K star }}} This universe comes with an associated interpretation: {{{ data Interpretation :: Universe * -> * where L :: Interpretation a -> Interpretation (Sum a b) R :: Interpretation b -> Interpretation (Sum a b) Prod :: Interpretation a -> Interpretation b -> Interpretation (Prod a b) K :: a -> Interpretation (K a) }}} In this case, having to declare a datatype for 'Universe' has two disadvantages: 1. We cannot use kinds (such as '*') while defining a datatype, so we are forced to make 'Universe' a parametrised datatype, and later always instantiate this parameter to '*' (like in the kind of 'Interpretation'). 2. We lose constructor name space, because the datatype constructor names will be taken, even though we will never use them. So 'Prod' and 'K' cannot be used as constructors of 'Interpretation' as above, because those are also constructors of 'Universe'. '''Solution''': let users define things like {{{ data kind Universe = Sum Universe Universe | Prod Universe Universe | K * }}} By using 'data kind', we tell GHC that we are only interested in the 'Universe' kind, and not the datatype. Consequently, 'Sum', 'Prod', and 'K' will be types only, and not constructors. Also, {{{ data type D = C }}} defines a datatype 'D' which is not promoted to a kind, and its constructor 'C' is not promoted to a type. == Caveats == === Star in Star === If, in the future, we make '* :: *', we will no longer have separation of types and kinds, so we won't be able to make such fine distinctions. === Recursive Groups === === Kind and Type Namespaces === As kinds and types currently share a namespace, 'data kind' and 'data type' declarations '''in the same module''' can still conflict. However, if they are in separate modules, this can be controlled by use of the module system. == Alternative Solutions == Add {{{ data Star }}} in 'GHC.Exts' such that the promotion of datatype 'Star' is the kind '*'. As a datatype, 'Star' is just an empty datatype. ''Advantages'': very easy, backwards compatible ''Disadvantages'': somewhat verbose, doesn't fix (2) == Alternative Notations == * Use 'data only' instead of 'data type'. * Use ''data' instead of 'data kind', suggested by Gabor Greif. In both cases, we felt that using 'type' and 'kind' as the modifiers to the 'data' declaration better reflect what's being defined.


SAM - Structured Atom Model
Book Cover
SAM is a revolutionary new model for the atom. The model provides a clean slate approach about a new beginning—not limited to our knowledge about the atom—leading to new insights. In SAM the nucleus has a fixed structure consisting of protons kept together by inner electrons. The neutron is no longer a fundamental particle but is a proton–electron pair. Structure follows the principle of spherically dense packing. Recurring substructures—called endings and nuclets—emerge, defining the setup of the nuclei of the elements. For the first time, real insight is provided explaining why elements have the properties they reveal through observation. The reason for the asymmetric breakup of fissionable isotopes is revealed as well as a potential breakthrough explaining Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR). Those are just some of many explanations SAM provides for previously unexplained observations. A new numbering system for the elements, based on the number of deuterons in the nucleus, leads to a new periodic table and predicts currently missing elements—most of them unstable … but not all.
All of this will be revealed in an upcoming book from the SAM team, published by Curtis Press.


How is data read?
How DataStax Enterprise combines results from the active memtable and potentially multiple SSTables to satisfy a read.
To satisfy a read, the DataStax Enterprise (DSE) database must combine results from the active memtable and potentially multiple SSTables. If the memtable has the desired partition data, then the data is read and merged with the data from the SSTables.
The database processes data at several stages on the read path to discover where the data is stored, starting with the data in the memtable and finishing with SSTables:
 1. Check the memtable
 2. Check row cache, if enabled
 3. Check Bloom filter
 4. Find the partition offset in the partition index in the chunk cache/memory
 5. If any required index data is not present in the cache, pull it from disk
 6. Read the data from the uncompressed chunk cache
 7. If any required data chunk is not present in the cache:
 1. Locate the data on disk using the compression offset map
 2. Fetch the data from the SSTable on disk into the chunk cache
Figure 1. Read request flow
Row cache
Typical of any database, reads are fastest when the most in-demand data fits into memory. The operating system page cache is best at improving performance, although the row cache can provide some improvement for very read-intensive operations, where read operations are 95% of the load. Rowcache is not recommended for write-intensive operations. If the row cache is enabled, it stores a subset of the partition data stored on disk in the SSTables in memory. In DataStax Enterprise 5.0 and later, the row cache is stored in fully off-heap memory using an implementation that relieves garbage collection pressure in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The subset stored in the row cache uses a configurable amount of memory for a specified period of time. When the cache is full, the row cache uses LRU (least-recently-used) eviction to reclaim memory.
The row cache size is configurable, as is the number of rows to store. Configuring the number of rows to be stored is a useful feature, making a "Last 10 Items" query very fast to read. If row cache is enabled, desired partition data is read from the row cache, potentially saving two seeks to disk for the data. The rows stored in row cache are frequently accessed rows that are merged and saved to the rowcache from the SSTables as they are accessed. After storage, the data is available to later queries. The row cache is not write-through. If a write comes in for the row, the cache for that row is invalidated and is not cached again until the row is read. Similarly, if a partition is updated, the entire partition is removed from the cache. When the desired partition data is not found in the row cache, the bloom filteris checked.
Bloom filter
Each SSTable has an associated Bloom filter, which can establish that an SSTable does not contain certain partition data. A Bloom filter can also determine the likelihood that partition data is stored in an SSTable by narrowing the pool of keys, which increases partition key lookup.
The DSE database checks the Bloom filter to discover which SSTables are likely to have the requested partition data. If the Bloom filter does not rule out an SSTable, the DSE database checks the partition index. Not all SSTables identified by the Bloom filter will have data. Because the Bloom filter is a probabilistic function, it can sometimes return false positives.
The Bloom filter is stored in off-heap memory, and grows to approximately 1-2 gigabytes (GB) per billion partitions. In an extreme case, each row can have a partition, so a single machine can easily have billions of these entries. To trade memory for performance, tune the Bloom filter.
Partition index
The partition index maps partition keys to a row index and supports iteration from a partially specified partition position if required. The size of database partitions often varies. The partition index trie data structure uses a unique byte-ordered partition key prefixes to point to:
 - A row index for tables that have wide partitions
 - Directly to the data position in a file for tables that have partitions that only include a few rows or a single row
If a leaf of the trie is reached, then the prefix of the partition key matches some content in the file, but we are not yet sure if it is a full match for the partition key. The leaf node points to a place in the row index or data file. In either case, the first bytes at the specified position contain a serialization of the partition key, which is compared to the mapped key. If it matches, we have found the partition. If not, since the stored prefixes are unique, no data for this partition exists in the SSTable.
Uncompressed data in chunk cache (memory)
The chunk cache buffers data before it is compressed and written to an SSTable. When reading data, uncompressed data is checked first. If the data is compressed and on disk, the process uses the compression offset map to locate the data on disk and uncompress the SSTable into memory. See Compaction.
Compression offset map
The compression offset map stores pointers to the exact location on disk where the desired partition data will be found. This location is stored in off-heap memory and is accessed by either the partition key cache or the partition index. After the compression offset map identifies the disk location, the desired compressed partition data is fetched from the correct SSTable(s). The query then receives the result set.
Note: Within a partition, all rows are not equally expensive to query. The very beginning of the partition (the first rows, clustered by your key definition) is slightly less expensive to query because there is no need to consult the partition-level index.
The compression offset map grows to 1-3 gigabytes (GB) per terabyte (TB) compressed. The more data is compressed, the greater number of compressed blocks required, and the larger the compression offset table. Compression is enabled by default even though going through the compression offset map consumes CPU resources. Having compression enabled makes the page cache more effective, and typically results in a timely search.


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Postmodern ethics
- The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- In Chapter 9 we saw how Jürgen Habermas's ethical theory epitomizes social work's modern ethical tradition, not least his distinction between values, ethics and morals. For Habermas, since all societies and cultures have values, they assume the character of objective facts that are distinguishable from ethics, the socially agreed-upon normative requirements of a particular group or society about what can rightfully be expected from people in that society or group. And ethics are distinguishable from morals, our beliefs about right and wrong. For Habermas morality is personal and Bauman, the major proponent of a postmodern ethics, agrees, but for different reasons.
- Ethics and Value Perspectives in Social Work p. 120-131
- Palgrave Macmillan
- Resource Type
- book chapter

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Country of Origin: USSR
3-D: 2.5 x 1.3 x 2.5cm (1 x 1/2 x 1 in.)
Pins or znachki have a long and established Russian tradition. During the 19th century, workers received these pins as a reward for work done. It was during the Soviet period that the emphasis on the use of znachki shifted from rewarding work done to acting as souvenirs of national celebrations. By the late 1960s, schoolchildren began to collect and exchange the pins with foreigners. Today, space-themed znachki are popular among collectors worldwide. People of all ages wear the pins to celebrate and acknowledge anniversaries, programs and individuals of the space program.
This pin is one of a set of nine pins that honors the heritage of science, astronomy and space exploration by identifying nine leading scientists in the field throughout history. This pin features Albert Einstein.
Found in collection. Donor unknown at this time. Found on NASM premises.


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In the Interim Design Center parking lot of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, students are constructing a 30 foot experimental structure that could house astronauts in space. Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the year-long research and experimentation project challenges students to design a vertical habitat capable of housing four astronauts in space for a period of 60 days. Not only is this an extreme case of micro-living, but to design a living quarters with no orientation, where walls, floors and ceilings are non-existent, is unworldly.
More after the break…
This experience has inspired some Cal Poly Pomona students to think beyond the traditional architecture career path and pursue internships with NASA, working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center that specializes in the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft.
"It opens up my perspective to what you can do with a design degree like this," said fourth-year architecture student, Garrett Sanne to The Poly Post. "That it doesn't necessarily have to be architecture, you could be designing space habitats. You don't really look outside the box until you open yourself up to something like this."
The video above is an extensive tour of the orbital laboratory by Commander of the International Space Station, Sunita Williams of NASA.
via The Poly Post


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to the Yancey County NC Gen Website providing online genealogical
information supplied by volunteers who are committed to sharing historical
information and data. Yancey County is located in the far western
part of North Carolina which borders Tennessee.
In December 1833,
Yancey County was established from sections of Burke and
Buncombe counties and named in honor of statesman
Bartlett Yancey. The county became smaller forming
Watauga [est. 1849], Madison [est. 1851], Mitchell [est. 1861], and Avery
[est. 1911], counties respectively. Since that time, Yancey's
boundaries are preserved.
Burnsville is the county seat, the only incorporated town, and named
after Privateer Captain
Otway Burns [pictured]. Bartlett Yancey and Otway Burns never
lived in Yancey Co. but were prominent political figures heads that
influenced the development of the area.
County is a mountainous region having the highest average of elevation of
any county in North Carolina with 19 peaks rising over 6,300 feet.
It's surrounded by the
Blue Ridge area of the
Appalachian Highlands. The
Black Mountain Range crosses the south end of the county, intersected
by the Blue Ridge and the
Unaka Ranges. Mt.
Mitchell [part of the Black Mountain chain] is the highest peak in
eastern North America with an elevation of 6,684. It was named after
Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University at Chapel Hill who
studied the area. The South Toe and Cane rivers are the
county's major waterways feeding most of the tributaries.
COUNTY FACTS AT A GLANCE:
--Established in 1833 from Burke and
--311 Square Miles / 200,704 Acres
--Mountainous region with a unique ecosystem
of flora and fauna
--County Seat: Burnsville
2012 Facts Sheet
--Population in 2000: 18,421 [per
US Census Bureau]
--Average Temp: 22-47 degrees winter /
80 degrees summer
--Average Annual Rainfall: 44 inches;
Average Annual Snow: 21 inches
--Historical Industries: agriculture,
mining, textile, lumber, pottery
--Historical Religions: Baptist, Presbyterian
--Primary Historical Ethnicity: Irish, Scottish, German, English,
Cherokee Native American


text:
What is a community's classification based on?
A community's classification is based on:Administration of codes, including:
- building code edition in use
- modification of the codes
- zoning provisions to mitigate natural hazards
- training of code enforcers
- certification of code enforcers
- incentives for outside education/certification
- building officials' qualifications
- contractor/builder licensing and bonding
- public awareness programs
- participation in code development activities and the appeal process
- staffing levels
- level of detail of plan review
- performance evaluations
- review of plans for oneand two-family dwellings, multifamily dwellings, and commercial buildings
- staffing levels
- level of detail of inspections
- performance evaluations
- final inspections
- issuance of certificates of occupancy
In addition, ISO collects underwriting information, including natural hazards common to the area, number of inspection permits issued, number of inspections completed, the building department's funding mechanism and date of establishment, size of the jurisdiction and population, and fair market value of all buildings.
What is the evaluation process?
ISO distributes detailed questionnaires to building officials of all municipalities in a state. Upon completion of the questionnaire, ISO arranges for a trained field representative to meet at a mutually convenient time at the community site with each municipality's building officials. The ISO representative and building officials together review and verify the community's capabilities. The ISO representative seeks clarification and obtains supporting documentation, as necessary. The review usually takes from two to four hours. The ISO field representative may also visit construction sites with building officials. The ISO field representative then tabulates the points "scored" on the various sections of the schedule and assigns a grade from 1 (exemplary commitment to building code enforcement) to 10.
What classifications does the BCEGS program apply to a community?
ISO evaluates communities on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing exemplary enforcement of a model building code or local building code demonstrating equivalency to a model building code.
Why do communities have an incentive to improve their rating?
Any community with a classification other than 1 has many incentives to improve its classification, including:
- the prospect of reduced injuries and loss of life, reduced property losses, and reduced economic and social disruption caused by catastrophes
- the prospect of lower insurance rates on buildings constructed after the community improves its classification
- pride and professionalism of the community building department to be the best it can be
- good public policy
Does a city really have incentives to raise fees or taxes to improve code enforcement — other than just so the insurance industry can cut losses?
The primary incentive for communities to commit resources to ensure proper code enforcement should be to reduce loss of life, the risk of property loss, and economic and social disruption that result from natural catastrophes. Communities with good enforcement can expect commensurate reductions in property insurance rates.
In most states, the program provides for premium credits only — not surcharges or increases. By legislative mandate, Florida requires positive and negative rating factors. Consequently, the Florida Insurance Department has approved a 1 percent surcharge for those communities not participating in the program. The surcharge applies to new construction only.
BCEGS is a useful, objective evaluation tool for assessing the resources and support available for building code enforcement relating to natural hazard mitigation. ISO developed the BCEGS program with significant input from the three model code groups and with responses to surveys sent to more than 7,500 building officials countrywide.
With BCEGS, ISO measures communities against objective standards, highlighting where resources can be applied to improve performance and a community's grade in the future.
Once ISO evaluates a community's building codes and establishes a classification, how often can the classification change?
The plan is to reevaluate each community every five years. If the community notifies ISO of a change that could affect the classification before the five-year reevaluation, ISO will reevaluate the community sooner, as ISO's schedule permits.
Can a community get only one classification, or can different classifications apply to different types of properties?
Some municipalities, for example, don't adopt or enforce codes for buildings with two or fewer families, but do enforce codes for buildings with three or more families or for commercial occupancies. In such cases, separate classifications apply. ISO lists oneand two-family dwellings as outside the scope of this program, while all other properties receive the community's classification. The insurance manual's rules advise which classification to use for a particular risk.
What happens when ISO evaluates a community?
When ISO evaluates a community, the classification automatically applies to any building receiving a certificate of occupancy in the year the classification goes into effect or later years. Once ISO assigns a classification to a building, based on the community classification in effect at the time the building is constructed, that classification will remain with that building — even if a community is subsequently reevaluated.
What happens when ISO reevaluates a community?
The new classification will apply to buildings receiving a certificate of occupancy in the year the new classification becomes effective and later years. It is conceivable that as a building department improves over time, a community could have more than one classification. The applicable classification for any building would depend on its certificate-of-occupancy date.
To consider a specific example: What happens to buildings constructed in 1997 when a town had a classification of 5, but in 2002 the classification changes to 3?
The classification assigned to a building will be the classification in effect in the year the building receives a certificate of occupancy. The classification that applies to a building will not change as a result of a municipality's subsequent changes in code effectiveness that result in a different classification for the municipality. The new municipal classification will apply only to buildings constructed when the new municipal classification is effective.
Thus, in this example, the buildings constructed from 1997 through 2001 would receive a classification of 5, and buildings constructed in 2002 or later would receive a classification of 3.
How can a building department be best prepared for its evaluation? What resource materials should be available?
Department officials should have available documentation that supports questionnaire answers. For example, officials must provide copies of employee-code certifications, training records, the building code agency's budget, number of inspections and plan reviews performed (by type: oneand two-family dwellings, multifamily residential, and commercial and industrial structures). In addition, records on the amount of time spent on public-awareness programs will help complete the evaluation.
12. Are classifications established on the basis of codes and level of enforcement in place at the time of the survey? Or has ISO established classifications on an absolute scale, so that meeting certain criteria always results in the same classification?
The classification system looks at one year's worth of documentation and effectively takes a snapshot at a particular time. The classification considers the model code in effect at that time as well as the municipality's resources and enforcement level.
These are dynamic elements. Thus, a community classified in 1995 could possibly be evaluated against a different code from a community classified in 2005. For example, in 2005, a community that retains its 1995 code rather than adopting a more stringent code prevailing in 2005 would receive a less favorable classification.
13. Did ISO prepare the schedule specifically for very large jurisdictions, unfairly penalizing some small cities?
ISO wrote the schedule to assess the risk of property loss regardless of a jurisdiction's size. A structure does not stand any different chance of survival in a small community than in a large community when both share an equal commitment to code adoption and enforcement.
14. How does BCEGS compare with ISO's Public Protection Classification system for classifying communities' fire-suppression capabilities?
ISO modeled BCEGS after the insurance industry's fire protection classification system, which assesses municipal fire departments and water supplies. The similarities include the classification scale of 1 to 10 and a reliance on recognized standards as reference points for the evaluation. The fire protection classification system, which began in 1916, was an insurance industry response to fire losses and has been a fundamental factor in developing insurance premiums ever since.
The main difference is that changes to a community's fire department and water supply affect the potential risk to all structures in the community, while changes to a community's building department affect the potential risk only to structures built after the change.
15. How long after grading occurs will the building department become aware of its classification?
Usually within three months.
16. How flexible is the process in recognizing effective local programs that may be unique and innovative? Is there a special provision in the schedule? Does the BCEGS program consider innovative initiatives for extra credit?
The BCEGS program is designed to be a performance-related program. That is, it represents the degree of the risk for property loss within a jurisdiction as a function of the community's commitment to building code enforcement, with a major emphasis on mitigation of natural hazard damage. Although BCEGS relies on recognized standards as the foundation for code adoption, BCEGS can recognize alternative methods of enforcing those codes. ISO recognizes alternative methods if they are effective and equivalent to industry standards.
17. Is there a cost associated with the evaluation process?
Insurers bear all of the program's costs, because insurers use BCEGS information. Municipalities and taxpayers don't incur any costs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Increases in wind damage are expected if the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones increase due to enhanced greenhouse conditions (climate change). The paper estimates cyclone damage risks due to enhanced greenhouse conditions for residential construction in North Queensland, and then assesses the economic viability of several climate adaptation (hazard mitigation) strategies. The analysis includes probabilistic modelling of cyclone intensity and frequency, time-dependent increase in wind speed from enhanced greenhouse conditions (global warming), and vulnerability functions of building damage. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0% to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory over time and space, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability and discount rate will be considered. The risk-cost-benefit analysis considering temporal changes in wind hazard and building vulnerability can be used to help optimize the timing and extent of climate adaptation strategies.


text:
A photo of a Syrian Child turned into drawing. The photo of Omran caught the world's attention. Omran Daqneesh is an innocent victim of war. How many innocent children affected in Syrian war. I do hope the world will rescue the children and give them a better future. Omran is a reminder that the world should take action to stop war and killings.
What's the sense of fighting for your religion and philosophy if it your actions contradicts your beliefs. Is that what you want people? Children are suffering because of your "religion and philosophy"? Use your brain and conscience.
A boy drawing from Pinoy Artist, Hussain Lulu. Rate this drawing.
Find a pictures of Omran Daqneesh on the internet. You can download them or save it in your computer or smartphone.
Prepare your the drawings tools and materials needed for this piece of art.
- Picture of Omran Daqneesh
- Colored Pencil
How to Draw (Portrait Drawing Tips)
Step 1. Create a graph in your picture. The squares found in the graph should be equally measured. Mark your graphs with Letters (e.g. A-Z) and Numbers (e.g. 0-9).
Step 2. In your clean drawing pad. Create a graph bigger than the one you created in the picture of Omran Daqneesh. Enlarge the measurements in the graphs and mark them with letters and numbers.
Step 3. Draw the lines in each graph or squares. Start with the shape of the head followed by its parts like eyes, nose, lips, hair and ears. Then, draw the body (shoulders) and the clothes.
Step 4. Apply blending of colors. Just make the colors the same to the model picture.
Drawing Tips and Techniques
- Do not draw the picture with haste or in a hurry. Draw the parts of the head one at a time.
- Use light lines when creating graphs. Graphs will serve as your guide when drawing a portrait.
- Spend more time in blending to make your drawing beautiful and look like a real photo. You can apply rough or smooth blending depending on how you want your drawing will look like.
- Do not forget to erase unnecessary lines.


text:
Web application development for emissions and consumption vehicle tests data storage, automatically uploaded nightly from regional business units, displaying the data for audit consumption
ABOUT THE CLIENT
The Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) is a global standard for determining the levels of pollutants, CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of traditional and hybrid cars, as well as the range of fully electric vehicles.
The WLTP was adopted by the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
- Built a web application that extracts data into the central database, whose interface gives transparent, access to an audit history of emissions & consumptions, with the ability to filter data sets for each model and its variants.
- The project deployed in client factories Europe-wide.
Regulations for Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure compliance require a transparent, accessible, and comprehensive system which had own challenges:
- Address the regulatory requirement for car manufacturers to record and present real-driving measurements of car outputs that takes into account consumption for every vehicle spec (model variation) across different speeds.
- Import data from ASCII files and merge to audit history
- Create web interface to enable data sets for vehicle model and corresponding end items to be filtered in drill-down views
- Make complex data easy and transparent to access
- Provide administration tools for manual interventions; creation and regulation of users
Built a web application that extracts data into the central database, whose interface gives transparent, access to an audit history of emissions & consumptions, with the ability to filter data sets for each model and its variants. The data is also exposed as an API for regulated external consumption.
- Automate data imports to PostgreSQL database, checking data integrity, and merging to audit history
- Using PSQL logic to deliver data sets for specific queries, create a front-end for viewing data & API for regulated consumption
- AngularJS, HTML5, CSS3
- Java REST services (Spring) + Java Controller
- PostgreSQL database, with PSQL programming
- Scheduled nightly data extract Stonebranch automation)
- 1 Project Manager
- 1 Front-end developer
- 1 Java developer
- 1 Database developer
The WLTP Central Database stores data auto-uploaded in flat files (ASCII) direct from Auto Manufacturer Emissions tests, output in a web application and regulated API developed by Infotel, for Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure compliance. The application manages storage, consumption and access rights to emissions & consumption tests data for each and every current, past and new vehicle variant.
- Nightly scheduled extract of test data from ASCII files (per regional business unit) to relational database, merged to audit history
- Enable viewers to filter and drill down to test datasets, with unit conversion calculations applied
- Enable admins to make modifications (file upload) and access version history, as well as assign user permissions & API access rights
Project delivered in Agile development process, 2-weekly sprints and deployed in client factories Europe-wide.


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taper= No. of taper/2
The Jarno taper is used on various machine tools, especially profiling machines and die-sinking machines. It has also been used for the headstock and tailstock spindles on some lathes.
The Standard taper pins are used for positioning and holding parts together and have a ¼-inch taper per foot. Standard sizes in these pins range from No 7/0 to No 10 and are given in Table 4. The tapered holes used in conjunction with the tapered pins utilize the processes of step-drilling and taper reaming.
To preserve the accuracy and efficiency of tapers (shanks and holes), they must be kept free from dirt, chips, nicks, or burrs. The most important thing in regard to tapers is to keep them clean. The next most important thing is to remove all oil by wiping the tapered surfaces with a soft, dry cloth before use, because an oily taper will not hold.


Expected Life of Pulse Discharge Capacitors
Pulse discharge operation, particularly with underdamped (ringing) discharges, places large internal stresses on components. Empirical expressions have been developed to predict the life of a pulse discharge capacitor under conditions other than the nominal design. For instance, in an article by K. Salisbury, S. Lloyd, and Y.G. Chen at Maxwell Laboratories, "A transportable 50 KA Dual Mode Lightning Simulator", the following equation is given.
Lx = Lref * (Qref/Qx)^1.6 * (Vref/Vx)^7.5
x subscript refers to the application
ref subscript refers to the reference data
L is the expected life (in shots),
Q is the discharge waveform Q
V is the capacitor charge voltage.
Note that capacitor voltage is the most important life determinant, with a 7.5 exponent. A little reduction in voltage leads to a huge increase in life.
Voltage reversal also has a significant impact. When the voltage reverses, the mechanical stresses on the capacitor are quite high.
Application Example
For instance, a Maxwell type 31162, is rated at 100,000 shots at 75 kV with 20% VR. (20% VR is Q = 1.4)
Now, we want to know the life in a Tesla coil at 90% reversal (a Q of 15) and a peak voltage of 42 kV. Applying the above formula:
Lx = 1E5 * ( 1.4/15)^1.6 * (75/42)^7.5 = 1E5 *.0225 * 77.37 = 1.74E5 shots.
reducing the voltage to 30 kV would increase the life by (42/30)^7.5 or 12.5 times.
If this were in a Tesla coil at 120 bps, at 42 kV, it would survive (90% probability) about 24 minutes of run time. Reducing the voltage to 30 kV would increase the life to 300 minutes, or 5 hours. Reducing the peak voltage to 20 kV is even more effective, increasing the life to 100 hours. Killing the Q down to 10 would increase the life by (15/10)^1.6 some 90 percent.
Capacitors rated for high repetition rates are necessarily overdesigned. Comparing two units from Maxwell Labs:
If the high reprate capacitor (with a 1000 times the life) were scaled to the capacity of the low rep rate unit, it would be about 5 times the size of the low rep rate unit. A life factor of 1000 can be achieved by increasing the rated voltage by about 2.5 times. This would require about 6.25 times the total capacitance arranged in a series parallel configuration, which correlates well with the physical size increase factor of 5.
Q and Voltage Reversal
(these need to be verified, particularly at low Q's)
Q or voltage reversal (VR) may be computed from each other by:
Q = sqrt( 1 + 1 /( 2 /pi*ln(VR))^2)
VR = exp( - pi/2 * sqrt(1/(q^2-1)))
where VR is the voltage reversal expressed as a fraction (i.e. 0


Geo-Points are points of interest marked by an easy-to-understand information panel to inform the visitors about a geographical, geological, cultural or historical feature in the communities of the Geo-Naturepark region.
The essence of a landscape here in Central Europe is always a result of the historical influences of human activities. The cultural landscape is formed by the interplay between geological processes and land use by humans. Therefore, each landscape bears witness to how man has treated it over the centuries. These features may vary considerably from place to place, also because of the geological diversity.
Many features may not be immediately apparent to the casual visitor. The Geo-Points are an invitation to delve deeper into the exciting correlations, which shed light on and explain the history of the surrounding landscape and the people living there.
Geo-Points according to topics: geology, history, cultural landscape, and nature
Geo-Points sorted A to Z according to the name of the community
Below you will find maps with the position of each Geo-Point and short descriptions in German language. On the information panels however you will find English texts as well.


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| The chemistry gallery at Regional Science Centre. Telegraph picture |
Feb. 27: Want to check the nutrient value of different food items you consume or the chemicals you consume in the way of having food? Visit Regional Science Centre at Khanapara, which is opening a gallery to answer all your queries.
Chief minister Tarun Gogoi will inaugurate the gallery "World of Chemistry Gallery" along with an Eco-Park tomorrow morning on National Science Day.
Project coordinator of the centre, V.S. Sharma, said the gallery has been set up in a hall of 2,000 square feet area at an estimated expenditure of Rs 45 lakh, keeping in view the importance of chemistry in the day-to-day life of people.
"This is the first gallery on the subject for any of the science centres in India. So, it is a proud moment for the centre."
The gallery has a section of food items to explain to visitors the chemistry behind food, various chemicals that people consume by way of having food and how these chemicals are digested to provide energy. The nutrient value of different food items and how to have a balanced diet are also explained.
"Another section will tell the visitors about the six main elements that our body is composed of. One of the exhibits will measure your weight and mention the chemical composition of your body," he said.
An interactive periodic table, where visitors can interact with all the elements, get information about each element by aligning the computer screen with the periodic table, a football shaped structure to explain the concept of special class of material called fullerene are in the gallery.
"In order to explain the chemistry behind the working of an oil refinery, a detailed scaled model of a typical refinery has been made. This shows intricate criss-crossing of pipes. A nano mirror changes into transparent glass sheet by application of electrical signal. Another section will showcase the all-time Indian and foreign stalwarts in chemistry," Sharma said.
The Eco-Park, spread over an area of two acres and built at an estimated cost of Rs 25 lakh, depicts the importance and fragile nature of biodiversity and ecology in a simple and subtle manner.
"The exposition becomes more relevant in view of the Northeast being one of the five world's richest hotspots of biodiversity. As responsible citizens, we are entrusted with the responsibility of passing this richness to the next generation. The intricate relationship of living organisms with natural environment is beautifully presented in the park."
In order to make the subject more interesting, the microscopic members of eco-system, which play an important role in keeping local ecology alive and bubbling with activity, gigantic fibreglass models of microscopic creatures have been displayed.
Sharma said both facilities have been designed and developed by the centre with active support from Central Research and Training Laboratory, Calcutta.


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The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The aim of the consortium is to promote and sustain collaboration and sharing of data and knowledge in the field of ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe, with particular focus on the harmonization of methods for future research, estimation and projection of frequency and impact of visual outcomes in European populations (including temporal trends and European subregions), identification of risk factors and pathways for eye diseases (lifestyle, vascular and metabolic factors, genetics, epigenetics and biomarkers) and development and validation of prediction models for eye diseases. Coordinating these existing data will allow a detailed study of the risk factors and consequences of eye diseases and visual impairment, including study of international geographical variation which is not possible in individual studies. It is expected that collaborative work on these existing data will provide additional knowledge, despite the fact that the risk factors and the methods for collecting them differ somewhat among the participating studies. Most studies also include biobanks of various biological samples, which will enable identification of biomarkers to detect and predict occurrence and progression of eye diseases. This article outlines the rationale of the consortium, its design and presents a summary of the methodology.
Keywords: Epidemiology; Europe; Eye diseases; Ophthalmology; Prevalence; Risk factors.


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Jagadeesh Jagarlamudi, Hal Daumé III, and Raghavendra Udupa
Mapping documents into an interlingual representation can help bridge the language barrier of a cross-lingual corpus. Previous approaches use aligned documents as training data to learn an interlingual representation, making them sensitive to the domain of the training data. In this paper, we learn an interlingual representation in an unsupervised manner using only a bilingual dictionary. We first use the bilingual dictionary to find candidate document alignments and then use them to find an interlingual representation. Since the candidate alignments are noisy, we develop a robust learning algorithm to learn the interlingual representation. We show that bilingual dictionaries generalize to different domains better: our approach gives better performance than either a word by word translation method or Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) trained on a different domain.
In ACL HLT 2011
Publisher Association for Computational Linguistics


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Editor's note: This is the eighth of a nine-part series that follows the European tour of one of the Smithsonian's most treasured coins, the 1933 Double Eagle, affectionately known as "Our Girl."
Reaching the end of the tour, curator Karen Lee and "Our Girl" have arrived at the last stop for the historic 1993 Double Eagle traveling display in Helsinki, Finland. The Finnish language comes from a rare Uralic group that is most closely related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. "Our Girl" has certainly heard many different languages spoken during this trip, but rarest of all is Finnish.
Lots of press covered the opening of the show in Helsinki and the news of our arrival even reached the Arctic Circle.
With "Our Girl" in Helsinki, the interns went searching for Finnish coins in the National Numismatic Collection, and found this exciting tidbit.
The Finland 500 markkaa, commemorating the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. "Suomi," inscribed on the reverse, is actually Finnish for "Finland." The markkaa was the first unit of Finnish currency. As part of the Russian empire, they had used the Russian ruble before 1860.
The Olympics! The running of the torch! The ceremonies! The gold medals! Doesn't it just make you want to jump on a set of parallel bars, or run a marathon, or learn to bobsled? "Smithsonian, we have a bobsled team!" Ahem. Sorry about that.
In 1952, Helsinki finally got its chance to host the Olympics. The city was slated to host the Olympics in 1940, but the games were canceled when World War II broke out, and Finland soon had its hands full fighting off a Russian invasion. In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland, seeking to reclaim its former province and gain some Finnish territory. After the two countries made peace, Germany sent troops to help defend Finland when the Soviet Union attacked again in 1941. The Finns found themselves fighting to force out their former allies after a second treaty with the Soviets, and the last German troops left in April 1945.
The 500 markkaa commemorative coin was the first coin minted in honor of an Olympic event since the rebirth of the Olypics in 1896-and there were a lot of other firsts at these games. The USSR and Israel participated for the first time in the 1952 Helsinki games. New rules allowed women to enter and compete alongside men in a number of "mixed" equestrian competitions. And did we mention that more world records were broken at the 1952 Olympics than at any previous games (until the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, that is)? That's a lot of firsts!
In 2002, Finland minted this 10 Euro coin to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1952 Helsinki games, keeping the memory alive.
On the front, or "obverse," is the Olympic Flame above the globe. On the back, or "reverse," is the Helsinki Olympic Stadium and the 1952 markkaa coin.
Would it be too much to ask the Smithsonian to create a commemorative coin in honor of the 1933 Double Eagle Tour? Or at least a plaque? Maybe a tee-shirt?
It seems like so long ago that "Our Girl's" tour began! Making stops in London, Dublin, Brussels, Prague, Warsaw, and Oslo, Lee and "Our Girl" have criss-crossed Europe, charming new audiences, seeing beautiful cities, taking amazing pictures, and sharing an iconic piece of American history with the rest of the world.
Karen Lee and "Our Girl" reached more than 50 million people through TV, radio, and newspaper coverage, and any thousands of exhibit visitors. Once they are back in the National Numismatic Collection, safe and sound, we will wrap up with an "Our Favorite Memories" post, sharing how far this project has come.
We're sad that the excitement is over, but we'll be glad to welcome them home!
"Our Girl's" tour:
- London: March 1-4
- Dublin: March 6-7
- Brussels: March 9-10
- Prague: March 12-14
- Warsaw: March 16-17
- Oslo: March 19-23
- Helsinki: March 25-29
Karen Lee is an associate curator and Samantha DesRochers and Betsy Franz are interns in the National Numismatic Collection at the National Museum of American History.


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Iowa reports lowest unemployment rate in 1999
March 01, 2000
With an average unemployment rate of 2.5 percent, Iowa reported the lowest unemployment rate in the nation in 1999, followed by New Hampshire at 2.7 percent.
Other states with unemployment rates below 3.0 percent included Minnesota and Virginia at 2.8 percent, and Colorado, Nebraska and South Dakota with unemployment rates of 2.9 percent each. Nine of the 17 states with jobless rates below 3.5 percent were in the Midwest.
Overall, 26 states had unemployment rates below the national average, while 24 states and the District of Columbia posted higher rates—the most even distribution in 12 years.
These data are a product of the Local Area Unemployment Statistics program. To learn more, see State and Regional Unemployment, 1999 Annual Averages (USDL 00-56).
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Editor's Desk, Iowa reports lowest unemployment rate in 1999 on the Internet at _URL_ (visited May 22, 2013).
Spotlight on Statistics: Productivity
This edition of Spotlight on Statistics examines labor productivity trends from 2000 through 2010 for selected industries and sectors within the nonfarm business sector of the U.S. economy. Read more »


text: dilute with no discernible color. Stimulation of urination by gentle manipulation of the genitalia with a moistened cotton ball allows one to assess color of urine; any yellow color suggests dehydration is present. Packed cell volume (PCV) cannot be used as a measure of hydration in neonatal puppies and kittens because there is variation in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) passed through the placenta and umbilicus at the time of parturition and because there is a normal decline in PCV with age until it stabilizes at about 8 weeks of age.


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Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming
Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming Treatment: Sculpt Your Silhouette with Precision
Non-surgical jaw slimming, also known as jawline contouring or facial slimming, is a sophisticated aesthetic procedure designed to enhance facial proportions by reshaping the jawline and reducing the appearance of a strong or square jaw. This non-invasive treatment involves the use of muscle-relaxing injections to achieve a more refined and balanced facial appearance without the need for surgery.
How does it work?
The appearance of a prominent or square jawline can be caused by the masseter muscles, which are responsible for chewing and clenching the jaw. In some cases, these muscles can become overdeveloped due to habits like teeth grinding or genetics, resulting in a broader and more masculine jawline. Non-surgical jaw slimming treatment utilises neuromodulators like Botox to relax the masseter muscles, causing them to shrink over time. This reduction in muscle size creates a softer and more feminine contour along the jawline.
The Benefits of Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming
1. Facial Proportion Enhancement: By reducing the size of the masseter muscles, non-surgical jaw slimming can bring harmony to the overall facial profile, creating a more balanced and refined appearance.
2. Improved Symmetry: Jawline asymmetry can be addressed, creating a more even and harmonious facial structure.
3. Non-Invasive Approach: Non-surgical jaw slimming offers an alternative to surgical procedures, allowing patients to achieve their desired results without incisions, anaesthesia, or extended downtime.
4. Customised Results: Nayema tailor the treatment to each patient's unique facial anatomy and aesthetic preferences, ensuring natural-looking outcomes.
5. Quick Procedure: The treatment typically takes only a few minutes, making it a convenient option for individuals with busy schedules.
During the treatment, a small amount of Botox is injected into the masseter muscles on each side of the jawline. The injections are carefully administered to achieve the desired reduction in muscle activity, leading to gradual muscle shrinkage and a slimmer jawline over the course of several weeks.
Results of non-surgical jaw slimming become noticeable over several weeks as the masseter muscles gradually relax and shrink. The effects of non-surgical jaw slimming can last anywhere from 4 to 6 months or longer, depending on individual factors. Maintenance sessions are recommended to sustain the desired results over time.
Is Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming Right for You?
If you're seeking to achieve a more refined facial profile, address jawline asymmetry, or reduce the appearance of a strong jaw, non-surgical jaw slimming could be an excellent option for you. A consultation with Nayema will help determine if this treatment aligns with your goals and expectations.
Transform your facial silhouette and enhance your confidence with non-surgical jaw slimming treatment at Renovo Aesthetics.
Why Renovo Aesthetics?
- Expertise: Nayema is a highly trained and experienced practitioner who excels in the art of aesthetics.
- Personalised Care: We understand that every client is unique. We tailor treatments to your individual needs and desires.
- Natural Results: We prioritise natural-looking results that enhance your beauty without altering your unique features.
- Safety First: Your safety is our top priority. We adhere to rigorous safety standards and practices.
- Comprehensive Services: From dermal fillers to skin rejuvenation, we offer a wide range of treatments to address your specific concerns.
- Client-Centered Approach: Your comfort and satisfaction are paramount. We provide a welcoming and caring environment.
- Proven Results: Our track record of successful treatments and satisfied clients speaks for itself.
- Ongoing Support: We are committed to your journey, offering support and guidance at every step.
- Exceptional Care: Renovo Aesthetics is dedicated to enhancing your well-being, inside and out.


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Embedded Computer Systems Lab
An embedded computer systems is a compact implementation of hardware and software functions with a micro-controller so as to meet the specifications for a specific application. Students receive hands-on experience working with embedded systems in Herak 204.
Digital Logic Lab
The Digital Logic Lab in Herak 100 is where electrical and computer engineering students gain practical experience in the use of basic hardware components. Through experiments, students become familiar with gates, multiplexers, decoders, flip-flops, counters, registers and displays.
In Herak 202, students use a 68HC11 microcomputer that is interfaced to a variety of devices each requiring one of the standard codes for information transfer. Students gain practical, "hands on" and design experience incorporating microcomputer devices with software polling routines and interrupts to build simple calculators, clocks and other hardware.


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BACKGROUND: The isolation of islets from the human pancreas critically depends on an efficient enzyme blend. Previous studies have solely focused on the presence of collagenase and neutral protease/thermolysin. Despite improved characterization of these components, the lot-related variability in efficacy still persists suggesting that additional so far disregarded enzymes are required for efficient islet cleavage. METHODS: Varying activities of a tryptic-like enzyme were identified within collagenase NB1 lots, which were selected according to a matched ratio between tryptic-like and collagenase activity (TLA-ratio). Rat and human pancreata were processed with current standard procedures. RESULTS: Increasing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 10% reduced pancreas dissociation time in rats by 50% without affecting islet yield, viability, or posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. Enhancing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 12.6% for human pancreas processing resulted in a significant reduction of recirculation time and increased incrementally human islet yield without affecting purity, in vitro function or recovery after culture. Optimized pancreas digestion correlated with a higher percentage of islet preparations fulfilling quality criteria for clinical transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TLA is an effective component that should be included in moderate amounts in enzyme blends for human islet isolation to optimize the efficiency and minimize the lot-related variability.
Original publication
Journal article
Publication Date
370 - 375
Animals, Cell Separation, Cell Survival, Collagenases, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Female, Graft Survival, Humans, Insulin, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Islets of Langerhans, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Male, Mice, Mice, Nude, Middle Aged, Rats, Rats, Inbred Lew, Thermolysin, Tissue Donors, Transplantation, Heterologous, Trypsin


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_wheatgrass.html
State Butterfly: Sheridan's Green Hairstreak
Sheridan's green hairstreak was adopted as Wyoming's State Butterfly on February 26, 2009. This lovely insect is distinctive, being one of the few green butterflies in our region. It was first discovered in 1877 near the location of present-day Sheridan, Wyoming. Both the town and the butterfly are named after Lt. General P.H. Sheridan, a famous Civil War commander. However, the butterfly was actually named before the town. The natural distribution of Sheridan's green hairstreak ranges northwards to southern Canada, westwards to California, southwards to northern New Mexico, and eastwards into western North Dakota. In Wyoming the butterfly is most commonly found in foothills and canyons at elevations up to 8,000 feet (2440 m).
Sheridan's green hairstreak occurs widely across Wyoming in mountains and foothills, wherever its food-plant (sulphur flower) is found. The butterflies visit various wildflowers to feed on nectar. This butterfly flies from March to early June and is the earliest butterfly to emerge from a chrysalis in Wyoming. Like the robin in Wyoming and other states, this green butterfly is a symbol of the arrival of spring in Wyoming. Adults may be seen flying during the earliest warm days of spring, while snow is still melting nearby. It is a small butterfly, with wing spans averaging 2.2-2.9 cm (less than one inch). However, the bright green color of the underside of the wings is very distinctive, making the butterfly quite easy to identify. There is a line of white dots across the underside of the hind wing, which may join to form a nearly solid white line. The upper surface of the wings is dark gray, but when at rest the wings are folded over the back, exposing the green lower surfaces.
Scientific classification: Sheridan's green hairstreak is classified as Callophrys sheridanii, one of four species of the genus Callophrys. It is a member of the family Lycaenidae. The name is derived from the Greek words kallos (beauty) and phryktos (beacon). Sheridan's green hairstreak is assigned to the subfamily Theclinae, commonly known as hairstreaks because many species have tiny hair-like tails off the tips of the hind wings. However, species of Callophrys have rounded hind wing margins without tails, so these are sometimes called tail-less hairstreaks.
Dr. Scott Shaw, Professor of Entomology and Insect Museum Curator, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.
The code of the west, as derived from the book, Cowboy Ethics by James P. Owen, and summarized as follows, is the official state code of Wyoming. The code was adopted as Wyoming's State Code on March 3, 2010.
The code includes:
(i) Live each day with courage;
(ii) Take pride in your work;
(iii) Always finish what you start;
(iv) Do what has to be done;
(v) Be tough, but fair;
(vi) When you make a promise, keep it;
(vii) Ride for the brand;
(viii) Talk less, say more;
(ix) Remember that some things are not for sale;
(x) Know where to draw the line.


text: Marsyas Painter, (flourished c. 350–325 bc), Greek painter of the late Classical period, known for a pelike (wine container), now in the British Museum, of "Peleus Taming Thetis," and for a "Nuptial Lebes" (the bringing of gifts to the newly wed bride), now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Both vases date from 340–330 bc, and both are in the so-called Kerch style, of which the Marsyas Painter is a key representative. (Kerch refers to the area north of the Black Sea where many of the vessels were excavated.) The Kerch style is recognized by slender, mannered forms; elaborate decoration; and polychrome effects, achieved through the heavy use of white paint and sometimes gilding. It is thought to be the last major style of Attic red-figure painting.


finalize meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of finalize
finalize in Images
finalize Antonyms
finalize Definitions and meaning in English
 1. make final
 2. finish
 3. complete action
finalize Sentences in English
 1. अंतिम रूप देना = finalise
 They met to finalize the terms of the treaty.
Tags: finalize meaning in hindi, finalize ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of finalize, finalize meaning dictionary. finalize in hindi. Translation and meaning of finalize in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


Goodreads is you prevent book galois theory of leftists you are to waste. Organ Donation - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References by ICON Health Publications. floors for achieving us about the book galois theory without abstract. book galois theory without
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¡Cuídate! means "take care of yourself."
It is the theme of this culturally-based program designed to reduce HIV sexual risk among Latino youth. ¡Cuídate! helps youth develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to reduce their risk of STDs, HIV/AIDS, and unplanned pregnancy. The program emphasizes risk reduction strategies such as sexual abstinence and correct condom use through interactive activities. In Oregon,¡Cuídate! will include a comprehensive contraceptive learning session in addition to the program's emphasis on risk reduction strategies.
For more information on the ¡Cuídate! program, Select Media offers the ¡Cuídate curriculum and training materials.
¡Cuídate! is an evidence based curriculum. Youth in the ¡Cuídate! program reported having significantly:
- Fewer incidents of sexual intercourse,
- Fewer sex partners,
- Fewer days of unprotected intercourse, and
- For youth who are sexually active, an increase in consistent condom use.
In Oregon youth have the opportunity to participate in the ¡Cuídate! evaluation. Participation in the evaluation is voluntary and is not required to participate in the ¡Cuídate! program.
To find out if ¡Cuídate! is offered in your area in Oregon, please contact Lindsay Weaver at: _EMAIL_


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The United Nations General Assembly has voted on over 4500 resolutions or other matters since its founding through 2008. This Demonstration, based on data made available by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University, creates pie charts showing the distribution of votes on almost all of those resolutions. You select a subset of the resolutions you wish to study, such as all resolutions containing the word "Israel" or the word "Africa". You then move a slider to select a particular resolution from this subset. The Demonstration responds by insetting a pie chart on a timeline showing the distribution of votes. If you hover your mouse over the short name of the resolution, a tooltip appears showing the date of the vote and providing a longer description of the issue.
The dataset underlying this Demonstration may be cited as E. Voeten and A. Merdzanovic, "United Nations General Assembly Voting Data", hdl:1902.1/12379 UNF:3:Hpf6qOkDdzzvXF9m66yLTg==, and is available at this site. It was imported into Mathematica as a TSV file and manipulated using Mathematica.


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N.H. poverty rate lowest in nation
CONCORD — New Hampshire had the lowest poverty rate among both individuals and families in the nation last year, but the rate has been rising over the past few years, according to new U.S. Census data.
In 2011, 8.8 percent of individuals - 112,700 people — were living below the poverty line, the lowest percentage in the U.S. The data found that 5.6 percent of New Hampshire families were living below the poverty line, also the lowest rate in the country.
The figures come from the American Community Survey, an ongoing survey that helps the state and federal government determine where to distribute funding.
The Granite State poverty rates were roughly half the national averages. The average poverty rate in the U.S. last year was 11.7 percent for families — more than double New Hampshire's rate — and 15.9 percent for individuals, nearly two times New Hampshire's rate.
While New Hampshire has the nation's smallest share of impoverished people, its poverty rate is actually at its highest in several years.
In fact, the rate among individuals has risen substantially since before the recession. From 7.1 percent, or 90,204 people, to the current 8.8 percent.
In 2010, the percentage of New Hampshire residents living below the poverty line was 8.3 percent, or 105,700 people. In 2009, the rate was 8.5 percent, or 109,213 people, and in 2008, the rate was 7.5 percent, or 96,041 people.
In 2011, Alaska and Vermont tied for second-lowest family poverty rate, at 6.9 percent. New Mexico and Mississippi had the highest poverty rates in the country in 2011, at 16.6 and 17.4 percent, respectively.


27 December 2012
Tips on getting gas for your vehicle
Confirmed at Wikihow -
And a link there led me to this tip at Life123:
You learn something every day.
 1. With all due respect I feel this post is somewhat in error or more clearly stated somewhat true but more internet hype. First, underground tanks today are 1) underground, where temperatures are near constant 2)double fiberglass tanked adding insulation to the stable ground temperature. Therefore time of day means little in regard to thermal expansion of gasoline stored underground.
 Not pumping when the tanker truck is discharging and stirring up the tanks sediment/water is likely a good idea.
 Slow pumping to reduce vaporization creates more time for vaporization likely equalizing the shorter time and higher rate of fastest pump setting. Besides, the amount of vaporized liquid on a 20 gal fill is negligible, slow or fast fill. Many pump nozzles have vapor reclaimer to prevent vapors from entering atmosphere.
 I found this comment on a 'thermal expansion of gasoline' blog which I feel is most accurate and helpful:
 From a first principles perspective, this seems possible but from a statistical perspective it seems like internet hype with a kernel of truth.
 First, some newer gas pumps use a temperature corrected flow meter that doesn't have this problem. Drewsser-Wayne shows the following flow meter corrector for use in europe: _URL_
 A bit of googling leads me to NIST Handbook 44 which says that the accuracy for a gas pump should be within 0.5% at 60F.
 SeeTable T.2. Accuracy Classes for Liquid Measuring Devices Covered in NIST Handbook 44 Section 3.30 on pg 3-15 of the following reference.
 This means that a 20 Gallon fillup could have an error of.1 gallon or about 375 ml due to intrinsic pump accuracy plus thermal error.
 According to the article cited by lugnet the thermal error for gasoline dispensed at 85F for a 20 gallon fillup is about 0.3 gallons.
 The worst the result could be on a 20 gal fillup is plus or minus 0.4 gallons,.3 from temperature and.1 from pump accuracy. If we assume that temperature is normally distributed, that the gasoline dispensed has temperature with average of 60 degrees plus or minus 25, that the temp expansion of gas is linear at the same rate above and below 60 (not actually true but close) and we also assume that the average pump error is 0 with a standard deviation of.1, propagating errors gets us that an average 20 gallon delivery at a random time during the year will be 20 gallons plus or minus.3 gallons. Thus intrinsic pump accuracy is fairly irrelevant in this case.
 I submit the following argument:
 Since weights and measures folks don't like short deliveries and punish for them, that eliminates most short deliveries. Since most of us live in a temperate climate, we benefit from cold deliveries and lose in hot deliveries.
 Since most of us buy gas year round and weights and measures folks have eliminated most of the short deliveries, we are likely on average during the course of a year to get more gas than we paid for.
 In short, if you buy one tank a year and it's July 4th after the gas truck has driven 8000miles from Armpit, TX where it's 85F and filled the station with hot gas then you will get shorted. If you buy gas every couple weeks like most of us then the temperature effect averages out to no net effect over the course of the year. Source: _URL_
 1. I agree. I've never given much credence to the thermal expansion claims, which is why I didn't copy them into my post.
 2. I am going to chime in and call shenanigans on the sediment issue. I'll agree that filling the station tanks may churn up the gunk. But any reputable gas station filters their fuel prior to dispensing it. They would be liable for the damage to your car if they didn't. In the Milwaukee area this fall a station put the wrong gas into (i believe the Premium tank) and damaged cars, they paid for the repairs to those engines and I am sure it was not cheap. And if for some reason they don't your car also has a fuel filter in it to prevent anything from getting past it to the engine. That is also why the myth that says "Don't run your cars tank to empty because it will cause it to suck the crud at the bottom of the tank" is also false. Because it is filtered before it is ever sent to your engine. Your vehicle will have "Change Fuel Filter" on it's scheduled maint. list (at least all older vehicles did).
 Not to mention that a moderately busy station has it's tanks re-filled almost every other day. Multiply this station re-fill event by the number of stations in this country and then cross reference to how often you have heard someone wrecking an engine from the sediment from a station. It is a non-issue.
 3. You can pump your own gas here in Oregon if you're on a motorcycle. The attendant has to hand you the nozzle and reset the pump, and run your credit card through the reader. When you're done you're supposed to hand the nozzle back to the attendant, but if there isn't one close by I just replace it myself. I've never been called on it in the 23 years I've lived here.
 I'm not certain if this is written into law, but it's a universal practice. I once asked an attendant why there was an exception for motorcyclists, and he said nobody wanted to be responsible for spilling gas on a custom-painted surface or a hot engine. It's as good a reason as any.
 4. I never could figure out how to set the handle to pump without my holding on to it. I remember when I was a kid and they had attendants to pump your petrol for you, and they'd set it to go and while it was pumping they'd wash your windscreen, check your oil and your tyres. But since I've been driving, nobody's ever shown me how to set the handle myself. Guess I should ask someone one day!
 1. Some pumps have little hinged levers that can be set to hold the squeeze handle. I see less and less of such levers as the years go by.
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Effective January 1, 2022, the federal Budget 2021 announced the government's plans to implement a national, annual one-per-cent tax on the value of non-resident, non-Canadian owned residential real estate that's vacant or underused.
The government is finalizing draft legislation for the proposed underused housing tax (UHT). They're releasing a draft later this year and will include the final legislation in a bill introduced in Parliament sometime in 2022.
Who would pay the UHT?
If passed, the UHT will apply to an owner of residential property in Canada as of December 31 of the calendar year if:
- the owner is required to file an annual declaration for the calendar year; and
- the owner doesn't qualify for an exemption.
Calculating the tax
The UHT is calculated by multiplying the specified value of the property by the one-per-cent rate of the UHT.
An owner would be liable for the UHT in proportion to their "interest" in the property.
What's residential property under the UHT?
Residential property would include:
- detached homes, duplexes, and triplexes;
- semi-detached homes, row-house units, residential condominium units, and other similar premises that is, or is intended to be, a separate parcel or other division of real property owned, or intended to be owned, apart from any other unit in a building; and
- together with any common areas and other appurtenances and the subjacent and immediately contiguous land reasonably necessary for the use and enjoyment as a place of residence for individuals.
Who's an owner of residential property under the UHT?
If a residential property has a single owner, the owner pays the tax.
If a residential property has multiple owners:
- if property is held by owners as joint tenants, each owner will have an equal interest in the property; and
- if the property is held by owners as tenants-in-common:
-if each owner's interest is specified on any instrument evidencing ownership, each owner would be regarded as having that specified interest, and
-otherwise, each owner would be regarded as having an equal interest in the property.
Every owner of a residential property, other than an excluded owner, would be required to file an annual declaration with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for each residential property they own on or before April 30 of the following calendar year.
An owner's declaration for the 2022 calendar year would be required to be filed on or before April 30, 2023.
To file a declaration with the CRA, certain owners may need to pre-register with the CRA in advance of filing their declaration.
Excluded owners include, as of December 31 of the calendar year:
- an individual who is a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident of Canada, except where the individual holds an interest in property.
-as a partner of a partnership, or
-as a trustee of a trust, but not including a personal representative of a deceased individual or the estate of a deceased individual;
- a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province and the shares of which are listed on a Canadian stock exchange;
- a registered charity;
- a cooperative housing corporation;
- an Indigenous governing body or a corporation owned by an Indigenous governing body;
- a municipality or a corporation owned by a municipality;
- the government of Canada or an agent of the Government of Canada;
- the government of a province or an agent of the government of a province; and
- other public service bodies such as universities, public colleges, school authorities, and hospital authorities.
An owner of a residential property must report in their declaration:
- the calendar year to which the declaration relates;
- the civic address of the property and other property-related information;
- the legal name of the owner;
- contact information of the owner;
- the type of owner (individual other than as a partner of a partnership or trustee of a trust, corporation, partner of a partnership, trustee of a trust;
- the owner's interest in the property (as a percentage), and if the interest is less than 100 per cent:
- the form of ownership (i.e., joint tenants, tenants-in-common), and
- the names of any other owners of the property having an interest in the property of 10 per cent or more;
- the residential property type (detached, semi-detached, row-house, condominium unit, duplex, triplex;
- the value of the property and how it was determined; and
- any exemptions and information related to any exemptions.
There are exemptions for:
- an owner or a qualifying occupant who occupies the home in periods of at least one month that total at least six months of the year. A qualifying occupant includes the owner's spouse, child or parent;
- held by a partner of specified Canadian partnership;
- held by a trustee of specified Canadian trust;
- property not suitable for year-round use;
- property uninhabitable due to a disaster or hazardous conditions;
- property undergoing major renovations;
- for the year of acquisition of an interest in a property;
- for an owner with at least a 25 per cent interest in the property who dies, for the calendar year in which the death occurs;
- newly constructed property in the calendar year of construction; and
- new property held by a developer as inventory for sale.
Payment due date
Payment will be remitted to the CRA on or before April 30 of the following calendar year.
An owner of residential property required to file a declaration, who fails to file by April 30 of the following calendar year will face a penalty of:
- $5,000, if the owner is an individual; or
- $10,000 if the owner is not an individual.
Learn more about this federal tax.


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Summary form only given. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor is frequently used in sterilization with atmospheric pressure plasma in pulsed corona or glow discharge mode. The suggested mechanisms responsible for sterilization include oxygen excited states, ozone, high temperature, UV, and run away electron bombardment. Although which is the key mechanism is yet to be identified due to variations in reactor design and experiment condition, it is generally believed a higher plasma density would facilitate the sterilization process, while a lower ion temperature lessen the surface damage, but the these two imply contradictory output characteristics from the pulsed power supply. Higher pulse voltage or repetition frequency not necessarily creates better sterilization effect. A compact, energy efficient power sup ply is desired in many portable applications, but often energy is wasted as a reflection due to impedance mismatch between transmission line and the impedance of DBD, or dissipated i n the dielectric layer of DBD. This work analyzes the energy efficiency of a pulsed power supply to a DBD reactor by introducing equivalent circuit models in different stages: initiation, pulsed corona, glow discharge, and try to link the performance of the pulsed power supply to the mechanisms responsible for sterilization. One conclusion is high pulse voltage with fast rise time is vital to run away electron generation, but not necessary for excited oxygen generation. Enough repetition rates for needed plasma can save considerable energy, and a DB D reactor with low dielectric layer thickness and low dielectric constant will render the highest electric field across the gap and thus most energy efficiency.
Date of Conference: 1-5 June 2009


Interpretation of the Platform Economy Antitrust Guidelines: Big Data will not pay off
 The anti-monopoly guidelines for the platform economy are officially released, and monopolistic activities in the Internet sector such as "sales below cost", "big data" and "restrictions on two options" will definitely be restricted.
 On February 7, the Anti-Monopoly Commission of the State Council formulated and issued the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines of the Anti-Monopoly Commission of the State Council on Platform Economy (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide"), which will become the guiding document for anti-monopoly compliance in the Internet industry.
 "The platform economy has played an important role in promoting my country's economic development, and has grown from a child to a strong adult. At this stage, we need to further clarify the principles of anti-monopoly law enforcement in this field and propose targeted Detailed analysis of ideas and guidance for operators' compliance." said Zhong Gang, executive director of the Competition Law Center of East China University of Political Science and Law.
Clarify the key points of platform economy anti-monopoly
 In response to new problems in the field of Internet platforms, the guidelines specifically clarify monopolistic behaviors in the platform economy, such as "sell below cost", "algorithm-based differential treatment (big data)", and "choose one to restrict transactions".
 According to the guidelines, to analyze whether a restricted transaction constitutes a restricted transaction, the following two scenarios can be considered: One is the restriction imposed by the platform operator through punitive measures such as shielding stores, search rights reduction, traffic restrictions, technical barriers, and deduction of deposits. Competition and consumer interests have caused direct damage, which can generally be regarded as a restricted transaction.
Second, the restrictions imposed by platform operators through incentives such as subsidies, discounts, discounts, and traffic resource support may have a certain positive effect on the interests of operators and consumers on the platform, and the overall welfare of society. However, if there is evidence to prove that it is against market competition Produces obvious exclusions and restrictions, and may also be deemed to constitute restricted transactions.
 "The guidelines provide more specific conditions for restricted transactions. For example, blocking stores is an addition to the draft for comments. There are clearer expressions from refusal to transactions to restricted transactions, which is very conducive to actual law enforcement agencies. Confirmed." Zhong Gang said.
 On the same day that the guidelines were issued, the Beijing Intellectual Property Court formally opened a case for Douyin v. Tencent's monopoly dispute.
TikTok argues that Tencent restricts users from sharing content from TikTok through WeChat and QQ, which constitutes a "monopoly behavior that abuses market dominance and eliminates or restricts competition" prohibited by the anti-monopoly law.
 "To determine whether unreasonable restrictions or shielding are involved, it is necessary to consider various factors such as the identity of both parties and the rationality of their behavior. We cannot make a judgment on the case itself, but the proposal and advancement of such cases will benefit my country's anti-monopoly The development of the law helps the general public to enhance their understanding of competition law and anti-monopoly law. Some specific rules of the anti-monopoly law also need to be continuously demonstrated and strengthened in the use of actual cases." Zhong Gang said.
 "Big data kills familiarity" is a problem that consumers often encounter in online shopping and other behaviors.
In this regard, the guidelines have repeatedly mentioned that platform companies using big data and algorithms to form monopoly agreements, refuse transactions, and restrict transactions are all violations of the monopoly law.
 "Big data acquaintance will become an important consideration when anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies enforce the law on the platform. For platforms, the profit involved in big data acquaintance is obviously much smaller than the amount of penalties imposed by anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies. To a certain extent, the phenomenon of big data is curbed." said You Yunting, a senior partner and lawyer of Shanghai Dabang Law Firm.
 Using lower-cost competition, forming a monopoly position, and then increasing prices to grab monopoly profits is a common method used by Internet giants.
For this kind of behavior, the guidelines determine that "selling below cost" is a monopolistic behavior.
 You Yunting believes that Internet companies may have to re-examine their own development strategies and paths, or they should use ways of improving efficiency to win market competition, rather than using brutal low-price competition or competing against competitors. Malicious unscrupulous means to compete.
 "At the beginning of the implementation of the anti-monopoly law, people often heard a saying that the emerging industries should be carefully supervised and the anti-monopoly law should be kept modest, lest improper supervision itself will damage efficiency. Therefore, the Internet field has not been It has become the focus of investigation, but those reasons have now disappeared. Internet companies should strengthen the study of anti-monopoly laws and anti-unfair competition laws, judge the damage and consequences of their actions more accurately, strictly abide by the law, and correct past actions as soon as possible, Don't be lucky." said Xu Guangyao, a professor at Nankai University Law School.
Antitrust needs to strengthen understanding in practice
 Compared with the "Guidelines (Draft for Comment)" released on November 10, 2020, what are the major differences between the officially released guidelines?
 Zhong Gang believes that the guidelines do not make stricter regulations on the identification of "relevant markets", which is the main difference.
Judging from the current situation, the guidelines have returned to the earliest law enforcement calibre, and the issues related to market identification have been handed over to the law enforcement agencies again, requiring the law enforcement agencies to determine in actual cases in accordance with the anti-monopoly law or law enforcement practices.
 Investigating monopoly agreements in the economic field of the platform, cases of abuse of market dominance, and conducting anti-monopoly reviews of operator concentration usually require the definition of the relevant market.
 In terms of the definition of relevant markets, the guide distinguishes between relevant commodity markets and relevant geographic markets.
The guidelines require that the principle of case analysis is adhered to. Different types of monopoly cases have different actual needs for the definition of relevant markets.
 "In actual law enforcement, law enforcement agencies often encounter some difficulties related to market identification. These difficulties have not yet formed a unified and mature solution. The guideline formulation agency may believe that it is not suitable for the guideline. To directly make detailed regulations on the definition of the relevant market, it will still take a certain amount of time to form the actual rules. I think this will definitely be a case-by-case analysis approach." Zhong Gang told the CBN reporter.
 Xu Guangyao believes that in the face of some new features in the platform economy, we should first rely more closely on the basic rules and theories of the antitrust law for analysis.
For example, under the bilateral market transaction model in the Internet industry, the definition of relevant markets should still follow the demand substitution standard, but because there are two types of demand in a transaction, two markets should be defined.
 Take the 3Q case of Tencent and Qihoo as an example. Qihoo uses its product 360 to meet users' needs for security software, thereby obtaining the number of users, and then use this number to meet advertisers' needs for the number of users. Two markets are defined, namely the security software market and the Internet advertising market.
Tencent is involved in the instant messaging market and Internet advertising market.
Therefore, three relevant markets should be defined in this case.
The next steps in determining the dominant position and examining the effects of competition need to be carried out across markets.
 "This case provides high-quality specific analysis objects and carriers, and has become the focus of worldwide antitrust law research. Through the study of this case, it can be found that the resolution of some new problems requires a deepening of the understanding of traditional rules and theories. "Xu Guangyao said.
 There are three types of monopolistic behavior, namely, monopoly agreement, abuse of dominant position, and concentration of operators.
Zhong Gang believes that in addition to traditional horizontal and vertical monopoly agreements, the guidelines also propose hub-and-spoke agreements based on the characteristics of the Internet platform economy.
 According to the guidelines, a hub and spoke agreement means that operators within a competing platform may use the vertical relationship with the platform operator, or be organized and coordinated by the platform operator to reach a hub and spoke agreement with the effect of a horizontal monopoly agreement.
Analyze whether the agreement is a monopoly agreement regulated by Article 13 and Article 14 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, and consider whether the operators on the competitive platform use technical means, platform rules, data and algorithms, etc. Reach and implement monopoly agreements to eliminate and restrict relevant market competition.
 The "U.S. Apple's e-book monopoly case", which lasted for four years, is a classic case of hub and spoke agreement.
 Apple has signed sales agreements for e-books with five of the six largest publishers in the United States. Apple does not participate in the pricing of e-books. The publishers will charge a certain fee after setting the price and sell them in its e-book mall. The corresponding mobile client software can be used by consumers on the company's iPad (tablet computer).
 In response to this phenomenon, the US judicial department filed an antitrust lawsuit against Apple and related publishers in 2012.
The court held that the separate agreements between the publishers and Apple stipulated the highest prices for the same tier and the highly concentrated market share in the e-book market. These additional factors contributed