text:
AgriGro's Turf Formula Biostimulant is an All Natural, environmentally safe, Soil and Plant Fertility Booster and Biostimulant.
Developed by a bio-chemist, Turf Formula Biostimulant can be used on all grass types and all turf situations. Golf course superintendents around the country have been using Turf Formula on their greens, tees and fairways for years.
The benefits are numerous and include better nutrient uptake, increased root mass, massive increase in microbial activity that produces stronger and healthier plants. But this is only the beginning of what it does.
Certified research has shown that soil microbes increased 3400% in 24 hours* after application resulting in more available soil nutrients, lighter and more aerated soil, and a decrease in many soil born pathogens and parasitic nematodes. The high increase of beneficial soil microbes feed upon pathogenic bacteria.
*Research was performed by the University of Missouri/Columbia. Turf Formula Biostimulant was used with Super-Cal Liquid Calcium when the tests were performed.
Turf managers are able to reduce fertilizer nutrient inputs by as much as 30% due to the increase in microbial activity and their mineralization of soil elements. That is a great benefit to the environment. Some commercial home lawn care companies are using Turf Formula Biostimulant as their primary method of fertilization and adding other nutrients as needed.
Turf Formula can be used on:
Turf Formula Biostimulant works equally well on many other plants, too.
How Does This Unique Formula Work?
The unique Turf Formula Biostimulant blend contains plant essential by-products created by the controlled activity of beneficial arobic and anarobic bacteria. Beneficial bacteria convert raw materials into plant usable substances, including essential enzymes, micronutrients, plant growth hormones, salicylic acid, amino acids, complex carbohydrates, and other important ingredients. When taken up into plants, it increases photosynthesis, disease resistance, nutrient storage and absorption, carbon fixation, root growth, and other important plant functions.
What Will Turf Formula Do in the Soil?
Plant life begins in the soil and soil microorganisms are the key to healthy soil. In tests conducted by Morning Star Labs, Moonpark, CA, Turf Formula increased soil microbial activity by 2000% in the first three days using the biostimulant alone. Soil was more aerified and lighter due to the microbial activity.
University of Missouri/Columbia combined the Turf Formula with Super-Cal with even greater effects on soil microorganism activity. Mycorrhizae fungi were greatly increased. Mycorrhizea is a vital beneficial fungi that colonize on plant roots and help roots absorb water and nutrients and actually extends the reach of roots.
In addition, research demonstrated that plant root mass increased by 35% over untreated plots. The increased root mass is able to take up more nutrients and water making the soil more productive. The increase in soil microorganisms working the soil increases the available nutrients and makes uptake more efficient. Turf Formula Biostimulant users have reported a decrease in diseases, including soil born pathogens and nematodes.
In short, you get a proven product that increases nutrient efficiency, while increasing root mass and microbial activity. This combination will increase plant health and reduce disease and fertilizer inputs and so much more.
Turf Formula Biostimulant is best when combined with Super-Cal Liquid Calcium. This is especially important in low pH soils. Super-Cal Calcium is an immediately available calcium source that is essential for root strenght and penetration. Calcium strenghtens cell walls and is necessary to maintain high microbial activity.
You get our "No Worries" Customer Service, including our "Free Expert Product Support" with every product you purchase.
Bountiful Harvest Biostimulant
All Natural Bountiful Harvest Biostimulant may be the best thing that can happen to your plants. Scientifically formulated by harvesting the essential plant by-products of areobic and anarobic bacteria activity, including essential hormones, amino acids, complex carbohydrates, and proteins. It also contains micronutrients and more.
Bountiful Harvest Biostimulant creates an explosion of microorganisms breaking down organic matter and soil elements for plant use. It promotes rapid root growth, plant and fruit growth, increases disease resistance, and plant health.
Simply mix with water and spray it on your plants, soil, seeds, trees, flowers, and anything that grows. There is an explosion of soil microbial activity in the first 24 hours of application. University research shows over 2000% increase in 24 hours and when combined with Super-Cal, it increases to 3400%. This means greater nutrient availability and increased plant health. Thousands of farmers, botinists, turf managers, and backyard gardeners are using AgriGro's Bountiful Harvests Biostimulants. You should too.
Bountiful Harvest Biostimulant Information and Ordering
Super-Cal Liquid Calcium is an immediately available calcium source for your plants, trees, flowers, and other plants. Super-Cal liquid calcium can be absorbed and used by plants from the first day it is applied.
Calcium is an important element needed in the high quantities by plants, but is often unavailable in the soil. Measuring soil pH alone will measure the total calcium, but will not give you the amount of calcium that is available to plants. Granulated lime can take up to two years before it is disolved and able to be used. Super-Cal can be immediately absorbed by plants. It also contains natural organic acids that dissolves unavailable soil calcium, so it too becomes usable by plants.
Calcium is needed in the largest amounts by plants compared to other nutrients. Healthy soils calcium levels equal 60% to 70% of the soil base saturation of cations. Calcium is essential for microbial life, for root growth, for firmer fruit, and strenghening cell walls, brighter flowers, and more. Calcium provides many more functions inside the plant. Low calcium produces poor quality plants and ample calcium helps produce healthy plants.
Super-Cal Liquid Calcium Information and Ordering
AgriGro's Foliar Blend Biostimulant
Foliar Blend Biostimulant is AgriGro's all-time best selling product. It is used by farmers and growers on thousands of farms in the U.S. and in 49 countries around the world. It is now available to homeowners, community gardens, home and commercial orchards, nurseries, or anyone in need of a foliar blend biostimulant.
Foliar Blend Biostimulant goes to work the moment it is applied. Microorganisms are stimulated over 2000% within 24 hours. It increases to 3400% when combined with Super-Cal Liquid Calcium. Root growth is greatly increased, plant health and growth is increased tremendously.
Need proof? Check out the Bill Bader Interview. Bill owns the largest peach orchard in the Mid-West, over 1100 acres and 110,000 peach trees. He has used Foliar Blend and Super-Cal for over 20 years with great success.
Foliar Blend Biostimulant Information and Ordering
AgriGro "Ultra" - Certified Organic Biostimulant
AgriGro "Ultra" is an OMRI Certified Organic Plant and Soil Fertility Booster and Biostimulant. It can be applied to the soil, seeds, or sprayed on the plants. It works by rapidly increasing soil microbial activity, increasing root and plant health. It contains ingredients derived from seaweed plus hormones and amino acids derived from anarobic and arobic bacteria, micronutrients, and more.
This All Natural Organic Formula is a great addition to the organic gardner, organic lawn care operations, and growers of all types concerned about what is going into the soil. You can increase available soil nutrients and stimulating root and plant growth, while lowering additional fertilizer requirements. It can be used on trees, vegetables, flowers, or most anything you grow.
AgriGro "Ultra" Information and Ordering


text:
ldin inappropriate contexts
Major Section: LD
ld was designed to be called directly in the top-level ACL2
loop, although there may be a few occasions for calling it from functions.
ACL2 cannot cope with invocations of
ld during the process of loading a
compiled file for a book, so this is an error.
To see how that can happen, consider the following book, where file
const.lsp contains the single form
(defconst *foo* '(a b)).
(in-package "ACL2") (defttag t) (progn! (ld "const.lsp"))An attempt to certify this book will cause an error, but that particular error can be avoided, as discussed below. If the book is certified, however, with production of a corresponding compiled file (which is the default behavior for
certify-book), then any subsequent call of
include-bookthat loads this compiled file will cause an error. Again, this error is necessary because of how ACL2 is designed; specifically, this
ldcall would interfere with tracking of constant definitions when loading the compiled file for the book.
Because including such a book (with a compiled file) causes an error, then as a courtesy to the user, ACL2 arranges that the certification will fail (thus avoiding a surprise later when trying to include the book). The error in that case will look as follows.
ACL2 Error in LD: It is illegal to call LD in this context. See DOC calling-ld-in-bad-contexts.If you really think it is OK to avoid this error, you can get around it by setting state global variable
(assign ld-okp t). You can then certify the book in the example above, but you will still not be able to include it with a compiled file.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How to use Dynamic Groups to manage your contacts
April 21, 2016
We've already explained in this post how to use dynamic groups to create groups based on specific features such as age, gender, location, etc.
This post goes further into this feature and how it can help you organize your contacts based on features, engagement and/or missing information.
Organize contacts by feature(s)
Let's say we're interested in sending a poll to contacts between the age of 15 and 18 years. To do this you first need to find the contacts meeting that age requirement.
Go to the Contacts tab and enter the following query in the search bar:
age>=15 AND age<=18
It should look like this:
In this example, 2 contacts were found fitting the age requirement. We can save these contacts as a group by clicking on Save as Group button. We can now send a message or poll to this particular group.
It is also possible to search for contacts meeting multiple criteria. Let's assume we are interested in contacts who are female, are between 15 and 18 years old and who live in Kampala. In this case we enter the following query in the search bar:
gender=female AND (age>=15 and age<=18) AND district=Kampala
Here again we can decide to save the found contacts as a group.
Organize contacts based on "engagement"
You may remember this post where we showed how to keep track of contacts' participation in RapidPro. We added an "engagement counter" which measures how often contacts participate in flows. We can use this counter to group contacts based on their level of participation using dynamic groups.
Obviously, we first need to define engagement. We could for example decide that contacts who have participated in more than 10 polls will be considered "super" contacts. Now we can search for contacts whose counter is higher than 10 by simply entering this query in the search bar:
We may also want to take the "date of last participation" into account when measuring engagement. For instance, we consider a contact a "super" contact only if he/she participated in more than 10 polls AND has participated in a poll in the last month. To do this we could use this query:
last_participation_date>22-03-2016 AND engagement_counter>10
Using this query allows us too search for contacts that have participated after 22 March 2016 and whose engagement counter is bigger than 10. Note that the last participation date has been added as a contact field which keeps track of when a contact participates last in a poll. See this post for more info.
Identify contacts missing information for follow up
In an earlier post we said that there is no need for using temporary groups in registration flows to keep track of who hasn't responded to what question. Besides using the Split by Contact field feature we can now also search empty contact fields in Contacts. To do this we can use the query missing_field="" (as in quotation marks).
For example, if we look for contacts whose gender is unknown we can use this query:
All contacts that are missing gender information will be returned, which we can save as a dynamic group, for example "missing gender group".
Now we create a simple flow asking for just gender which could look like this:
This flow can be triggered by a campaign if you use the Registration Date as reference, or you can choose the option "Start a flow in the future or on a schedule" under Triggers.
In the case of campaign:
- Go to the Campaign tab and click Create Campaign
- You name the campaign and select the group to be involved and click Ok
- You click Add Event in the next page after which you'll see this screen:
- Here you choose the option "start flow", select which flow, in our case "ask for gender flow" and indicate when the flow should be triggered using the Registration Date as reference.
- You can add as many events as you want: 10 days after registration, 20 days after registration, etc.
In case you choose to use Triggers:
- Go to the Triggers tab and click on "Start a flow in the future or on a schedule":
- In the next screen you can select which flow to trigger, the contacts to receive the flow, the start date and time of the event and whether you want the trigger to be repeated (in our case every month):
Note that as soon as a contact provides his/her gender information he/she will be taken out of the missing gender group automatically (hence the name dynamic group). So there is no need to add an action in the flow to remove the contact from this group!
- Once a dynamic group is saved, any new contact that matches the applied query will be automatically placed in that group. This means that we don't need to run the query again as the groups are updated automatically.
- Space is not allowed in the contacts search bar. For example, the "last participation date" should be entered as last_participation_date. If we're not sure how the field is named we can check under Manage Contact Fields:
- When querying contacts you can use logical comparisons which evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. You may use the equals (=), not-equals (<>), greater-than (>), greater-than-or-equal (>=), less-than (<) and less-than-or-equal (<=) operators. When comparing text values, the equals (=) and not-equals (<>) operators are case-insensitive.
- Make sure that any contact field containing a number such as age and engagement counter are defined as Numeric and date fields as Date & Time. If the format is not set right, the queries may not work! In the screenshot above we see that the "last participation date" field is defined as "Date and Time". The "engagement counter" field on the other hand is defined as Numeric:


text:
The Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2022: Key Changes:
The Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2022 has been introduced that aims to improve regulatory set-up by increasing the CCI's accountability, giving it flexibility and enforcement efficiency.
Key Changes mentioned in the bill:
- A board with part-time members to supervise CCI activities.
- This would bring its regulatory architecture at par with that of financial regulators.
- CCI to mandatorily issue penalty guidelines and give reasons in case of any divergence.
- It will give much-needed certainty in regulatory environment
- CCI could engage in structured negotiations with parties and arrive at mutually-workable solutions without having to go through lengthy formal proceedings.
- This will bring powers of CCI on par with Sebi, which has been passing settlement orders for over a decade.
- Previously CCI was only empowered to take action for abuse of dominance or anti-competitive agreements in the form of final orders in proceedings before it.
- CCI can make appeals to the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal conditional on a pre-deposit of up to 25% of the penalty imposed by the CCI.
- Shortening of the merger review period from 210 to 150 days
- Introduction of a green channel for merger applications: Certain categories of mergers that had to wait for CCI approval would be allowed to attain full consummation without any standstill obligation under the new green-channel process.
- Previously, only those agreements are allowed if agreements made between businesses at the same level of production (such as competitors that form a cartel) or businesses that are in a directly upstream or downstream market (such as agreements between a manufacturer and distributor).
- If the parties do not fall in either of these brackets, anti-competitive agreements between them can go unchecked.
- But the bill also recognizes other forms of cartels such as hub-and-spoke cartels, it also has a catch-all provision to enable the CCI to deal with anti-competitive pacts irrespective of the structural relationships between parties.


HOME Forums Controllers EZX10RF EZX10RF Repeats transmissions Reply To: EZX10RF Repeats transmissions
Post count: 1001
Insteon controllers send a Group message sequence to signal On and Off. The first message is a Group Broadcast which identifies the controller and the group number. There is no command retry associated with this message as it is not addressed to any specific responder. The second message in the Group sequence is a Group Cleanup Direct and this message is sent to each linked responder. This message has command retry associated with it as each responder must ACK the message. If the controller does not receive an ACK it resends the Group Cleanup Direct message.
The traced sequence is very strange because the Group Broadcast is being shown 5 times in a row, even though there is no command retry associated with that command. The Group Cleanup Direct, which does have command retry, is being sent only once and there is an ACK of that command from the PLM.
First let me make some assumptions which you should agree or disagree with. This is happening only with the EZX10RF. No other devices show multiple Group Broadcast messages being issued. The same sequence was observed from two different EZX10RF devices. If these assumptions are true then either two different EZX10RF devices have the same trait or there is some other variable involved. Is there more than one wireless X10 device producing the same results? What happens if you send the same X10 code directly over the powerline (no wireless)?
There are some issues with the ISY programming in that it produced 6 commands to the ApplianceLinc, one for each Group Broadcast and one for the Group Cleanup Direct. This is my assumption as I know nothing about how ISY works. If a command is being sent to the ApplianceLinc as a result of receiving a Group Broadcast (a normal Insteon device receiving the Group Broadcast would turn On/Off in response) the subsequent Group Cleanup Direct should have been ignored. Not a major issue and it has nothing to do with the multiple Group Broadcast messages.
One possibility is the RF signal is weak or intermittent, being sensed only long enough to generate the Group Broadcast but not long enough to trigger the Group Cleanup Direct. This seems like a low probability because it seems unlikely the command would be issued 5 times each time. The PLM could be repeating the Group Broadcast to the application (ISY in this case) but this also seems a low probability if the EZX10RF is the only device showing this sequence. If the same sequence is generated by multiple X10 wireless devices and it is not seen from any other Insteon device, that leaves the EZX10RF at the top of the list, except it is hard to believe multiple EZX10RF devices would fail the same way.
Perhaps more diagnosing will help. Trying different X10 wireless devices, sending the same X10 code from a wired X10 controller, making sure no other devices produce the same results.


Question: What Is Gain Value?
What is a gain account?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In financial accounting, a gain is the increase in net profit resulting from something other than the day to day earnings from recurrent operations, and are not associated with investments or withdrawals..
What is a gain?
A gain is an increase in the value of an asset or property. A gain arises if the selling price of the asset is higher than the original purchase price. … That said, a gain only truly matters when the asset is sold and the gains are realized as profit.
What are examples of gains?
Other examples of gains that could appear on a company's income statement include:Gain on sale of investments.Gain on sale of building.Gain on legal settlement.Gain on early extinguishment of debt.
What is a day gain?
Day gain is the difference between the total value of your account before the market opened today versus the value at this point in the trading day. … It's the value change in the securities you hold for that trading day only.
What is day gain loss?
Updated. Gains or losses are said to be "realized" when a stock (or other investment) that you own is actually sold. Unrealized gains and losses are also commonly known as "paper" profits or losses. An unrealized loss occurs when a stock decreases after an investor buys it, but has yet to sell it.
How does gain work?
Both gain and levels refer to the loudness of the audio. However, gain is the input level of the clips and volume is the output. In recording audio, gain is the first control that the microphone signal goes through in a mixer while levels are adjusted after that.
How do you calculate gain in electronics?
Amplifier gain is simply the ratio of the output divided-by the input. Gain has no units as its a ratio, but in Electronics it is commonly given the symbol "A", for Amplification. Then the gain of an amplifier is simply calculated as the "output signal divided by the input signal".
What is gain sensor?
Excess gain is a measure of the minumum light energy needed for reliable sensor operation. The light signal that your sensor emits is factory-calibrated to a certain level of performance.
What is gain in a circuit?
What is gain in math?
The Gain block multiplies the input by a constant value (gain). The input and the gain can each be a scalar, vector, or matrix. … The input and gain are then multiplied, and the result is converted to the output data type using the specified rounding and overflow modes.
At what percent gain should I sell stock?
Take Many Gains At 20%-25% When a stock is going the right direction, your decision making is not as easy. How long should you hold? Here's a specific rule to help boost your prospects for long-term stock investing success: Once your stock has broken out, take most of your profits when they reach 20% to 25%.
How the profit gain is expressed?
It measures the amount of net profit a company obtains per dollar of revenue gained. The net profit margin is equal to net profit (also known as net income) … divided by total revenue. In accounting, the terms "sales" and "revenue" can be, and often are, used interchangeably, to mean the same thing.
Why op amp has high gain?
The opamp inherently has an incredibly, unbelievably high voltage gain because it is a multistage, differentail amplifier designed to give that high voltage. The first two stages contribute to this gain by using current sources and active loads. What is a virtual short in an op-amp?
How do you find gain?
Determining Percentage Gain or Loss Take the selling price and subtract it from the initial purchase price. The result is the gain or loss. Take the gain or loss from the investment and divide it by the original amount or purchase price of the investment.
Can you have negative gain?
Negative gain means the output is inverted from the input. For the gain to be negative, the output would have to go down when the input goes up, which is clearly not happening in your case.
What is the formula of selling price?
selling price = (100 + profit%)cost price/100; [Here, cost price and profit% are known.] 1.
How do you reduce AMP gain?
In high quality amplifiers negative feedback is often used to reduce the gain of the amplifier. A particular benefit of this, is that any distortion of the signal or background noise produced by the amplifier is also reduced.
What is an example of accounting profit?
For example, if a person invested $100,000 to start a business and earned $120,000 in profit, their accounting profit would be $20,000. Economic profit, however, would add implicit costs, such as the opportunity cost of $50,000, which represents the salary they would have earned if they kept their day job.
What is gain from investment?
A capital gain is an increase in the value of a capital asset—either an investment or real estate—that gives it a higher value than the original purchase price. An investor does not have a capital gain until an investment is sold for a profit.
How do I gain from dB?
The ratio will be 1000/10 = 100, and the gain will be 10 * log 100 = 20 dB. It is much easier to calculate gain by converting the power to dBm first, so the gain of the above amplifier will be 30-10 = 20 dB. A simple reduction will reveal the gain. In tradition, all power is read in dBm and the gain is in dB.
What is profit and example?
Profit is a benefit or gain, usually monetary. An example of profit is the money a business has left after paying their expenses. … The amount of money received for goods and services minus the amount spent on same; excess revenue. See also profit Ã prendre.


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I have the springer svjour3 template and the user guide says that for tables the usual Latex 2e commands are used.
Now, I would like to produce a table that goes over the whole page (the error is the same, no matter whether I choose the one or the two column setup) with three columns of 6cm width. Inside the cells the text should be line broken automatically.
% For tables use
% table caption is above the table
\caption{Please write your table caption here}
\label{tab:1} % Give a unique label
% For LaTeX tables use
\begin{tabular}{ p{5 cm} l p{5 cm} l p{5 cm} }
first & second & third \\
number & Some very very long text. And even more longer text in this column. & number \\
number & number & Some very very long text. And even more longer text in this column. \\
The problem is that no matter how I manipulate the arguments to the tabular commands, I can produce the desired 5cm for one column only, the rest would ignore it and just get as long as it gets and run out of the pdf page. What could cause this?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Your l column specification is causing this: p{5cm} will fix the width of that column to 5cm and break the lines as expected. However, l, r and c columns do not break.
You may be interested in using the tabularx package's tabularx environment rather. It provides an X column specification that breaks (like p{}), but spreads out to fill some pre-specified width. The usage resembles
 % Your tabular stuff here
In the above code snippet, the table will be \linewidth wide, with the X-column filling up whatever is left of \linewidth-10cm (and some column spacing).
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Your Answer


text:
When a cockroach scuttles into a dark corner as we flip on the kitchen light, we feel revulsion, not kinship. But a new study reveals that most humans
share a basic trait with Kafka's creepy creatures: right-handedness. Researchers released roaches into a Y-shaped tube, where scents of
vanilla or ethanol enticed the insects to venture past the tube's splitting point. The researchers then recorded which direction the bugs turned.
Cockroaches with intact antennae preferred the tube's right fork 57% of the time. This right-side bias persisted even after the scientists chopped off
one of the bugs' sensitive antennae, used to sense touch and smells. The finding, which will be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Insect Behavior, adds to a
growing body of evidence that even the tiniest brains show side-preference. The insight could aid bioengineers who hope to control cockroaches for
search and rescue missions or pest control.
See more ScienceShots.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The 95% reliability of TI schemes is demonstrated on the basis of historical hydrology data. However, the history of rainwater run-off and stream-flow does not take into account the impacts of climate change. Reliability of TI schemes is further tested against future climate using methodology developed by Australia's premier research body, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) through its Tasmanian Sustainable Yields project. Using the CSIRO's considerable expertise, this project has examined water availability in Tasmania through to 2030 under wet, median and extreme dry scenarios. You can view the information here: CSIRO Tasmanian Sustainable Yields.
TI refers all projects it develops to the Commonwealth Government for assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, regardless of whether we think that the individual project warrants it or not. TI willingly submits its projects for scrutiny for any impacts of scheme hydrology, construction and operation on matters of national environmental significance.
Tasmanian Irrigation also understands that its environmental obligations extend beyond development of schemes to include their enduring impacts once operating. It is a requirement that water from schemes developed by Tasmanian Irrigation may be applied on farm only in accordance with a completed Farm Water Access Plan (Farm WAP). Farm WAPs contain water, soil and biodiversity modules to ensure that the application of water accords with modern sustainability principles. The minimum requirement to access water from a scheme developed by Tasmanian Irrigation is that a Farm WAP is in place to cover the area of land directly affected by the use of scheme water and that the land is managed in accordance with any recommendations or restrictions identified in the Farm WAP. Click here for further information on Farm WAPs


text:
|This article is non-canon.|
The Valmaric script is an early script which Tolkien used from about 1922 to 1925 and looks like a midpoint between the Sarati and the Tengwar; Tolien experimented with several similar scripts but Valmaric is the only one published so far.
He referred to those scripts as "Qenya writing", "Qenyatic" and "Qenyarinwa". He also described his samples as representing three different stages (Old, Middle and Late)
It features many tengwar shapes, the inherent vowel [a] found in some tengwar varieties, and the tables in the samples V12 and V13 show an arrangement that is very similar to the one of the primary tengwar in the classical Quenya "mode".


text:
The Mental Health Association of Portland provides speakers to schools, civic groups, colleges and universities, fraternal organizations, and other groups interested in learning about mental illness, addiction and related issues.
Available presentations include:
- History of Mental Illness in Oregon
- Police Use of Force Against People with Mental Illness
- Helping People with Mental Illness: How to Be an Ally
- Presentation of documentary films about mental illness and addiction
- Mental Health Advocacy 101
- Recovery as Crime Prevention: Turning the Law Upside Down
- The History of Portland's Drunk Tank
Speakers from allied agencies are also available for information on legislation in Oregon affecting the mental illness system and various health and social service topics such as low income housing, services for people with mental illness and addiction, homelessness, inclusion of peer workers in clinics and agencies.
To request a speaker for your school or group, please e-mail: _EMAIL_.


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Applied Structural Geology
Modelling structural evolution
 kinematic model
A kinematic approach
Structures - including faults and fractures, folds and shear zones - play an important role in the formation and preservation of natural resources, including oil and gas, mineral deposits and geothermal energy.
Internally consistent and geometrically valid geological framework models, combined with an understanding and quantification of how and when structures and geometries evolved with respect to the evolution of the petroleum or mineral system, are fundamental in optimising efforts and minimising risk in both exploration and resource development. More...
Providing geometrically valid and geologically sound framework models and optimising their use by incorporating the 4th dimension: Time
Why 4DGeo
Armelle Kloppenburg has over 14 years experience in delivering innovative structural geology solutions to the petroleum and mineral exploration and mining sectors, using kinematic techniques and tools that apply balancing principles and comprise algorithms that mimic rock deformation through time. She has worked in extensional, contractional, and strike-slip settings, throughout sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous and salt-rich terrains, globally. More...
Modelling fault geometry, linkage and kinematics for porphyry systems
Kloppenburg et al., 2010.
Other Publications
 - CONSULTING - TRAINING - SOFTWARE -
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Lauren S. Aulet is a Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow at Carnegie Mellon University with Drs. Jessica Cantlon and Brad Mahon, where she leverages behavioral, neural, and developmental methods to understand how humans represent numerical concepts. She received her PhD in Psychology (Cognition & Development) from Emory University, in Dr. Stella Lourenco's Spatial Cognition lab. She also collaborated with the labs of Dr. Daniel Dilks and Dr. Gregory Berns to understand the neural mechanisms underlying number perception in humans and dogs, respectively.
Most broadly, Lauren interested in how humans parse and make sense of their visual experience. Primarily, her work examines how we perceive and represent numerical magnitude (how can we tell how many objects are present in a scene?), as well as non-numerical magnitudes (e.g., size, brightness, duration, distance). In this work, she incorporates multiple techniques (psychophysics and functional imaging) and developmental populations (infancy, childhood, and adulthood).


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What is phosphatidylserine? Why do we need it?
Phosphatidylserine is a type of phospholipid, a fat-soluble substance necessary for the composition of cell membranes. Normally, the body manufactures phosphatidylserine from other components of phospholipids. It is found in high concentrations in the brain and elsewhere in the body.
Most research concerning phosphatidylserine has examined its role in mental function and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Placebo-controlled studies have suggested that phosphatidylserine may have a moderate effect in improving mental function in Alzheimer's, with the effects lasting up to three months after the conclusion of the study. However, phosphatidylserine is not a cure for Alzheimer's disease; at best, it appears to slow mental deterioration.
Phosphatidylserine also appears to affect the levels of certain neurotransmitters that are related to mood. Hence, it may be of benefit in the treatment of depression.
How much phosphatidylserine should I take?
Because phosphatidylserine is manufactured naturally by the body, deficiencies caused by diet usually do not exist. Most studies of phosphatidylserine have used 300 mg or 600 mg per day, usually derived from soy.
What forms of phosphatidylserine are available?
Phosphatidylserine is manufactured naturally by the body. Dietary forms are rather uncommon. Very small amounts of phosphatidylserine are found in lecithin. Most clinical studies have used phosphatidylserine derived from bovine animals, specifically, bovine brain tissue. As a dietary supplement, phosphatidylserine is usually derived from soy. It is available in capsule, tablet and liquid forms.
What can happen if I take too much phosphatidylserine? Are there any interactions I should be aware of? What precautions should I take?
Because of concerns about mad cow disease, bovine-based forms of phosphatidylserine are not available in the United States. As of this writing, no significant side-effects have been reported in people taking phosphatidylserine, nor are there any known drug interactions. As always, make sure to consult with a licensed health care provider before taking phosphatidylserine or any other dietary supplement or herbal remedy.
- Blokland A, Honig W, Brouns F, et al. Cognition-enhancing properties of subchronic phosphatidylserine (PS) treatment in middle-aged rats: comparison of bovine cortex PS with egg PS and soybean PS. Nutrition 1999;15:778-83.
- Furushiro M, Suzuki S, Shishido Y, et al. Effects of oral administration of soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine on impaired learning of passive avoidance in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;75:447-50.
- Heiss WD, Kessler J, Mielke R, et al. Long-term effects of phosphatidylserine, pyritinol, and cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease. A neuropsychological, EEG, and PET investigation. Dementia 1994;5:88-98.
- Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MP, et al. The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci 2001;4:121-34.
- Sakai M, Yamatoya H, Kudo S. Pharmacological effects of phosphatidylserine enzymatically synthesized from soybean lecithin on brain functions in rodents. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1996;42:47-54.


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- Draft Research Design
- Phase 1 Counties Modeled
- Phase 1 Research
- Phase 1 Model Results
- Phase 2
- Phase 3
- Final Report Phases 1-3 (2002)
- Phase 4
The first phase of Mn/Model (1996) developed models for only 29 counties in Minnesota. These were the counties surveyed by the Minnesota Statewide Archaeological Survey (MnSAS) between 1977 and 1980. It was assumed at the time that these counties would have the best available archaeological database.
Phase 1 Research
The research team's vision for the Mn/Model project at the time of Phase 1 is documented in the Draft Research Design. The research design that was followed is documented in the Mn/Model Final Report for Phases 1-3. The modeling regions used were Anfinson's Archaeological Resource Regions. The archaeological database was composed strictly of MNSAS sites, as this survey was assumed to have had a 'probabilistic' survey design.
Phase 1 Results
Much of the time spent in Phase 1 was for converting data and developing standards and procedures for modeling. Environmental data were prioritized based on their quality and availability statewide. Environmental variables were defined, tested, then refined to eliminate apparent problems. The Phase 1 models were rather simple and had low predictive power, predicting sites only 22%-54% better than by random chance alone.
Lessons learned from Phase 1
Analysis of the Phase 1 results suggested several necessary changes. We requested changes to the archaeological database to provide more information for stratifying by site types. We expanded the analysis to include data from probabilistic surveys, CRM surveys, and Phase 3 and National Register sites. We eliminated some environmental variables from the analysis and defined new ones. We considered the effects of removing single artifacts and lithic scatters from the archaeological database.
Mn/Model was financed by the Minnesota Department of Transportation using funds set aside by the Federal Highway Administration's Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act.
The Mn/Model process and the predictive models it produced are copyrighted by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), 2000. They may not be used without MnDOT's Consent.


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Galileo: The Added Value for Integrity in Harsh Environments
AbstractA global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based navigation is a challenging task in a signal-degraded environments where GNSS signals are distorted by multipath and attenuated by fading effects: the navigation solution may be inaccurate or unavailable. A possible approach to improve accuracy and availability is the joint use of measurements from different GNSSs and quality check algorithms; this approach is investigated here using live GPS and Galileo signals. A modified receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm, including geometry and separability checks, is proposed to detect and exclude erroneous measurements: the multi-constellation approach provides redundant measurements, and RAIM exploits them to exclude distorted observations. The synergy between combined GPS/Galileo navigation and RAIM is analyzed using live data; the performance is compared to the accuracy and availability of a GPS-only solution. The tests performed demonstrate that the methods developed are effective techniques for GNSS-based navigation in signal-degraded environments. The joint use of the multi-constellation approach and of modified RAIM algorithms improves the performance of the navigation system in terms of both accuracy and availability. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Borio, D.; Gioia, C. Galileo: The Added Value for Integrity in Harsh Environments. Sensors 2016, 16, 111.
Borio D, Gioia C. Galileo: The Added Value for Integrity in Harsh Environments. Sensors. 2016; 16(1):_URL_ Style
Borio, Daniele; Gioia, Ciro. 2016. "Galileo: The Added Value for Integrity in Harsh Environments." Sensors 16, no. 1: 111.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


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Do you need to convert a bundle of file from HTM to PDF and set PDF producer? Are you looking for a good document converter, which can help you convert multiple HTM to PDF in a quick and accurate way? Do you want to save your precious time? If so, you should click VeryPDF HTML Converter Command Line to download and install VeryPDF HTML Converter Command Line right away. Because with the help of VeryPDF HTML Converter Command Line, you can only take three steps to batch convert HTM to PDF and batch set PDF producer. The following will show you how to solve your problem via command.
1. Run the command prompt window
2. Type a
Usually, when you only have one file to convert from HTM to PDF and to set PDF producer, theshould include the following four essential items in order: the directory of the executable file, the command which can be used to set PDF producer, the directory of the input file and the directory of the output file. However, if you have a lot of documents to convert from HTM to PDF and to set PDF producer, you may need to use the wildcard * to replace the file name in the command line. Speaking of the command, -producer , which can be used to set PDF producer. The angle brackets are used to enclose essential contents. string refers to character string. And the character string must be enclosed by quotation marks "" in the command line. Taking the following command line as an example, it can be used to set PDF producer as "hello" and convert HTM to PDF in batch
D:\htmltools\htmltools.exe -producer "hello" D:\in\*.htm D:\*.pdf
- D:\htmltools\htmltools.exe ----The directory of the executable file. It shows that the executable file in placed in the folder called htmltools on disk D.
- -producer "hello" ---- the command which set "hello" (without quotation marks) as the new created PDF's producer.
- D:\in\*.htm ---- the directory of the input files. It means that all the HTM files in the folder in on disk D should be the input files.
- D:\*.pdf ---- the directory of the output files. It leads the computer to store all the result files converted from HTM to PDF on disk D.
3. Press "Enter"
Once you press "Enter" on the keyboard, the computer will begin to batch set PDF producer and batch convert HTM to PDF without delay. When you see "result =OK" displayed in the command prompt window, it means that one file has been converted from HTM to PDF. Then you can open the PDF Properties dialog box to view the result.


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Abstract: The Good Gambler: State Regulation and Public Debates on Futures Trading in British India and Germany, _PHONE_
Debates about the legitimacy of futures trading were omnipresent in the highly integrated world economy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In this paper, we compare those debates in Germany and British India, two countries that were extremely diverse in their economic and political context and in the way they regulated futures trading. Germany was the first country worldwide to ban futures trading in selected commodities, while it remained largely unregulated in British India. Despite the formally different outcomes, we show that the respective debates resembled each other in many ways: in both countries futures exchanges were private organizations controlled by a small and in many ways privileged group of traders. In both countries these minorities were based on social ties and de facto controlled access to futures markets. Both groups were also faced with criticism because they were able to realize profits that a majority of people had no access to. Reviewing the debates we show that the main issue was not the legitimacy of futures trading but rather the distribution conflicts among the various interest groups that were engaged in futures trading.


What's yours? What's ours?
Meter exampleGas Lines
 - Meter: Natural gas is delivered by an underground service line. The service line runs from the main to the meter. The Department of Utilities is responsible for maintenance, repair and location of the service line, including the regulator and meter.
The customer is responsible for the fuel line on the house side of the meter. The fuel line begins after the meter as noted on the picture.
Fuel Lines
Some fuel lines are installed underground. If an underground fuel line is not maintained, it may be subject to potential hazards of corrosion (rust) and leaks.
 - If the buried fuel line is metal, inspect it periodically for corrosion
 - Inspect the buried fuel line periodically for leaks
 - Repair any unsafe condition


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Mini how-to "mbed-os-example-blinky"
You can compile the project using mbed compiler online or locally on your PC.
MBED Compiler on-line
The following steps will show you how to compile the project via browser:
1. Go to the Sensor Node page.
2. Click on the + Add to your Mbed Compiler button.
3. From the mbed-os-example-blinky page click on the Import into the Compiler button.
4. From the following form import the project:
5. Once imported check if you selected the right platform, on the right of the screen you should have this:
If there is another platform please click on it and select the Avnet Silica ST Sensor
6. Now you are able to compile the project just clicking on compile button:
7. After the compilation you will download automatically the firmware
8. Copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
The following steps will show you how to compile the project on your PC:
1. Clone this repository with the command:
The cloning process requires few minutes.
2. Enter in the directory and compile the project:
$ cd mbed-os-example-blinky
$ mbed compile -m SILICA_SENSOR_NODE -t GCC_ARM
3. Once compiled copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
You will find the mbed-os-example-blinky.bin file at:
Please close with jumpers the following pins marked as yellow in order to power supply the board via micro-usb cable.
In the red rectangles, with this configuration is not important if you have connected the battery and if the switch is closed or open.


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Category Archives: Strokes
Today I'll show you how to make a stylized rope using Illustrator.
What You'll Be Making:
- Ellipse Tool
- Rotate Tool
1. A. Use the Ellipse Tool to draw a circle (by holding shift).
B. Draw a three circles vertically so they fit in the original circle. Thus each small circle has 33.333% the size of original circle.
C. Use the Shape-Builder Tool/Pathfinder to cut out a C-shape from all the combined shapes.
D. Copy and reflect the shape towards the other shape. Move the shapes as shown below.
2. A. Move several copies (of how many you want) down if such a way the C-Shapes will form an S shape. Lower the opacities of the shapes could help precisely move the C-shapes. Make a copy of some of the shapes for later.
B. Use the Shape-Builder tool to combine shapes into a rope-like structure as pictured below.
3. A. Move over two C-shapes to form an S-shape. Draw some black-filled circles inside the shapes' "hollow" centers as shown below.
B. Copy a circle over the left circle as show.
C. Select the circle's left anchor-point and delete it.
D. Select the semi-circle and click Shift+X to quickly switch the stroke and fills of the object so that the black fill will turn into a black stroke.
B. Click OK then press Cmd/Ctrl+D to transform again. Rotate the black-stroke object several times but stop till one copy is between the two black circles such that it touches both of them. Then rotate about the center of the other circle and make the angle -10° or so.
C. Rotate several times again and stop when the black-stroke object stops intersecting the S-shape object.
D. Delete the unnecessary parts (circles and s-shape) and group all the black-stroke objects together.
5. A. Copy over all the different parts that comprise the rope structure as pictured below.
B. Copy over and line up the black-stroke group under one other shape and select them both then right click and choose Make Clipping Mask.
C. Continue this clipping mask process for the other rope parts.
D. You should four separate clipped rope parts as seen below.
6. A. Add a black stroke to the rope structure.
B. Move over the clipped objects over to the rope structure. If their behind it (make sure it's still selected), right-click and choose Arrange>Bring to Front.
C. Continue to move over the clipped objects and rotate/reflect if necessary.
D. When your pieces are all in the right places, make a final color change if needed.
As I've been tasked with redesigning buttons/brochures, I have also been tasked to redesign the AVID 2011 T-shirts. Since the AVID team voted for a certain T-shirt design, I've been told to illustrate the design onto a computer version. I started this project today and this is its progress so far.
Look out for a tutorial tomorrow.
Today I will show you how to make a simple Olive Branch Symbol. As I mentioned before, there are different ways to recreate a symbol but I'll teach my own method first.
What You'll Be Making:
- Illustrator CS5
- Transform Tool
- Anchor Points
- Strokes Profile
1. A. Make a new document and make a circle using the Ellipse Tool with a black stroke or with any color you want.
B. Make the stroke thicker if needed and choose Width Profile 1 (looks like a doulbe-covnex lens shape) from the default profiles.
NOTE: If you're using different versions of Illustrator, use a long, thin triangle artbrush on a semi-circle.
2. A. Use the pen-tool to add two anchor-points on two sides (near the topmost anchor-point) of the circle (see picture for help).
B. Use the white arrow tool to select the topmost anchor-point and delete it. Your object should look like what you see below.
3. A. Draw somewhere else and away from the "stalk". Use the Ellipse Tool to draw a circle with some color fill and no stroke.
B. Use the white arrow to select the topmost anchor-point and move it up some significant distance.
4. A. When your selection is perfected, move up the texture layer above your working photograph layer. You will still see the dashed outline on top of all the layers.
B. With the anchor-point selected, click the button (that looks like a square with straight lines sticking out from its right and bottom side). This will convert the selected anchor-point to a "corner."
5. With the leaf perfected, move it on the bottom of our "stalk." Make sure to rotate it so it looks like it sticking out of the stalk. Copy this leaf onto the opposite side so it's equidistant from the center of the stalk.
6. A. With one leaf selected, go to Effect>Distort and Transform>Transform….
B. A window should show up. Input values and click preview to see what you're doing. Adjust the scale (vertical and horizontal) so it's less than 100%. Adjust the movement with a negative vertical value and a positive horizontal value. Adjust the rotation (positive value) as well. I recommend having 9 copies. Fine-tune the value to get an effect like you see below.
C. Transform the leaf on the other side as well. Switch the positive to negatives or vice versa if needed.
7. A. Go to Object>Expand appearance to expand all the leaves into individual objects.
B. You should see all the leaves having a blue outlining which indicates an editable object.
8. A. Add the same leaf shape above the original bottom leaf and rotate it so it looks like it sticks out of the stalk as well. Copy the leaf on the other side so it's equidistant from the center of the stalk like last time.
B. Add a transformation effect to it as well. Adjust the values as needed.
C. Add a transformation effect to the other side as well. Adjust the values as needed.
D. Expand the appearance for these two transformations as well.
9. Finally add the same leaf shape to tips of the stalk shape. Add some color to it if you want.
I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and learned something new.
This tutorial will show you how to make a Baseball icon which will resemble the one I used for my January calendar.
What You'll Be Making:
- Slight experience w/ Illustrator
1. A. Draw a circle with a white/gray fill. B. Draw curved secants on both sides of this circle.
2. A. Draw a shape such as an askew triangle (see picture below) and give a red fill (this will become our thread). B. Select this object, then go to Brush tab (click F5 to bring up the Brush Window) and click on the "New ___" symbol to create a new brush (see picture below). A window will pop up, choose the scatter brush option. C. A new window will pop up. For right now, just click OK.
3. A. Now select both of your curved paths. B. Then click on your new brush and you will get something as you would see below.
4. A. Go to the Brush window/tab and double-click your brush or click the Brush Settings button next to the new brush button. B. Now a window will pop up (that you've already seen). Click preview to see what you're doing and adjust the spacing, size, and rotation to your choosing but be sure to make the rotation relative to path. Then click OK.
5. A. Select the two paths and group them together. B. Draw a circle of the same size as our original and move it to the front. Then select that circle and the paths, then right-click and choose Create Clipping Mask.
6 A. Select both the circle and the clipped paths and add a Drop Shadow by going to Effect>Stylize>Drop Shadow. B. Adjust numbers to your choosing. C. If you've followed the steps right, you should've got something close to this.
I hope you've enjoyed this tutorial.


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Iris Louisiana 'Arabian bayou'. Shallow water plant
- Iris Louisiana 'Arabian bayou'. The flowers of this beautiful iris are near white and streaked with gold. They also make good cut flowers.
- Grow in sun to partial shade.
- Shallow water plant. Can be grown out of the pond if kept moist at all times especially in hot weather.
- Height: 90-120 cm (36-48 in.)
- Planting depth of water above soil: o – 10cm (0 – 4in)
- We would recommend a planting basket of at least 11cm across for one plant or, for more impact, plant several of the same variety in a larger basket.
- We ship all marginal water plants bare root, this means that we wash the soil off before packing plants. During the summer months we may need to trim some of the foliage back for shipping.
- Contact us if you require more information


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Currently, the director of research of the legislative council (director) is required to prepare a fiscal impact statement for every initiative that is submitted to the title board. An abstract of this information is required to be included on a petition section that is circulated for signatures. The act modifies this process by:
- Requiring the director to prepare a fiscal summary that will appear on a petition section instead of an abstract;
- Specifying that the fiscal summary must include a description of the measure's fiscal impact, including a preliminary estimate of any change in state and local government revenues, expenditures, taxes, or fiscal liabilities if implemented;
- Requiring the director to provide the fiscal summary when a measure is submitted to the title board;
- Requiring the director to only prepare the fiscal impact statement, which will not include an abstract, for those initiated measures for which the secretary of state has approved a petition section; and
- Requiring the fiscal impact statement to be finished 14 days after the petition section was approved.
The act allows a proponent or registered elector to challenge a fiscal summary at a rehearing by the title board and the Colorado supreme court in the same manner as abstracts are challenged. The act requires the secretary of state to notify the director that a petition section for an initiative has been approved.
To implement the act, the general fund appropriation made in the annual legislative appropriation act for the 2020-21 state fiscal year to the legislative department for use by legislative council is decreased by $7,865, and the corresponding FTE is decreased by 0.1 FTE.
(Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)


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Functions compiled using
are open-ended: they can be called with many different input types and
have to select (possibly compile on-the-fly) the right low-level
specialization. We hereby explain how this mechanism is implemented.
JIT-compiled functions can take several arguments and each of them is taken into account when selecting a specialization. Thus it is a form of multiple dispatch, more complex than single dispatch.
Each argument weighs in the selection based on its Numba type. Numba types are often more granular than Python types: for example, Numba types Numpy arrays differently depending on their dimensionality and their layout (C-contiguous, etc.).
Once a Numba type is inferred for each argument, a specialization must
be chosen amongst the available ones; or, if not suitable specialization
is found, a new one must be compiled. This is not a trivial decision:
there can be multiple specializations compatible with a given concrete
signature (for example, say a two-argument function has compiled
(float64, float64) and
and it is called with
Therefore, there are two crucial steps in the dispatch mechanism:
- infer the Numba types of the concrete arguments
- select the best available specialization (or choose to compile a new one) for the inferred Numba types
Compile-time vs. run-time¶
This document discusses dispatching when it is done at runtime, i.e. when a JIT-compiled function is called from pure Python. In that context, performance is important. To stay in the realm of normal function call overhead in Python, the overhead of dispatching should stay under a microsecond. Of course, the faster the better…
When a JIT-compiled function is called from another JIT-compiled function (in nopython mode), the polymorphism is resolved at compile-time, using a non-performance critical mechanism, bearing zero runtime performance overhead.
In practice, the performance-critical parts described here are coded in C.
The first step is therefore to infer, at call-time, a Numba type for each of the function's concrete arguments. Given the finer granularity of Numba types compared to Python types, one cannot simply lookup an object's class and key a dictionary with it to obtain the corresponding Numba type.
Instead, there is a machinery to inspect the object and, based on its
Python type, query various properties to infer the appropriate Numba
type. This can be more or less complex: for example, a Python
argument will always infer to a Numba
intp (a pointer-sized integer),
but a Python
tuple argument can infer to multiple Numba types (depending
on the tuple's size and the concrete type of each of its elements).
The Numba type system is high-level and written in pure Python; there is
a pure Python machinery, based on a generic function, to do said inference
numba.typing.typeof). That machinery is used for compile-time
inference, e.g. on constants. Unfortunately, it is too slow for run-time
value-based dispatching. It is only used as a fallback for rarely used
(or difficult to infer) types, and exhibits multiple-microsecond overhead.
The Numba type system is really too high-level to be manipulated efficiently from C code. Therefore, the C dispatching layer uses another representation based on integer typecodes. Each Numba type gets a unique integer typecode when constructed; also, an interning system ensure no two instances of same type are created. The dispatching layer is therefore able to eschew the overhead of the Numba type system by working with simple integer typecodes, amenable to well-known optimizations (fast hash tables, etc.).
The goal of the type resolution step becomes: infer a Numba typecode for each of the function's concrete arguments. Ideally, it doesn't deal with Numba types anymore…
Hard-coded fast paths¶
While eschewing the abstraction and object-orientation overhead of the type system, the integer typecodes still have the same conceptual complexity. Therefore, an important technique to speed up inference is to first go through checks for the most important types, and hard-code a fast resolution for each of them.
Several types benefit from such an optimization, notably:
- basic Python scalars (
- basic Numpy scalars (the various kinds of integer, floating-point, complex numbers);
- Numpy arrays of certain dimensionalities and basic element types.
Each of those fast paths ideally uses a hard-coded result value or a direct table lookup after a few simple checks.
However, we can't apply that technique to all argument types; there would be an explosion of ad-hoc internal caches, and it would become difficult to maintain. Besides, the recursive application of hard-coded fast paths would not necessarily combine into a low overhead (in the nested tuple case, for example).
Fingerprint-based typecode cache¶
For non-so-trivial types (imagine a tuple, or a Numpy
for example), the hard-coded fast paths don't match. Another mechanism
then kicks in, more generic.
The principle here is to examine each argument value, as the pure Python machinery would do, and to describe its Numba type unambiguously. The difference is that we don't actually compute a Numba type. Instead, we compute a simple bytestring, a low-level possible denotation of that Numba type: a fingerprint. The fingerprint format is designed to be short and extremely simple to compute from C code (in practice, it has a bytecode-like format).
Once the fingerprint is computed, it is looked up in a cache mapping fingerprints to typecodes. The cache is a hash table, and the lookup is fast thanks to the fingerprints being generally very short (rarely more than 20 bytes).
If the cache lookup fails, the typecode must first be computed using the slow pure Python machinery. Luckily, this would only happen once: on subsequent calls, the cached typecode would be returned for the given fingerprint.
In rare cases, a fingerprint cannot be computed efficiently. This is
the case for some types which cannot be easily inspected from C: for
cffi function pointers. Then, the slow Pure Python machinery
is invoked at each function call with such an argument.
Two fingerprints may denote a single Numba type. This does not make the mechanism incorrect; it only creates more cache entries.
Type resolution of a function argument involves the following mechanisms in order:
- Try a few hard-coded fast paths, for common simple types.
- If the above failed, compute a fingerprint for the argument and lookup its typecode in a cache.
- If all the above failed, invoke the pure Python machinery which will determine a Numba type for the argument (and look up its typecode).
At the previous step, an integer typecode has been determined for each concrete argument to the JIT-compiled function. Now it remains to match that concrete signature against each of the available specializations for the function. There can be three outcomes:
- There is a satisfying best match: the corresponding specialization is then invoked (it will handle argument unboxing and other details).
- There is a tie between two or more "best matches": an exception is raised, refusing to solve the ambiguity.
- There is no satisfying match: a new specialization is compiled tailored for the concrete argument types that were inferred.
The selection works by looping over all available specializations, and computing the compatibility of each concrete argument type with the corresponding type in the specialization's intended signature. Specifically, we are interested in:
- Whether the concrete argument type is allowed to convert implicitly to the specialization's argument type;
- If so, at what semantic (user-visible) cost the conversion comes.
Implicit conversion rules¶
There are five possible kinds of implicit conversion from a source type to a destination type (note this is an asymmetric relationship):
- exact match: the two types are identical; this is the ideal case, since the specialization would behave exactly as intended;
- same-kind promotion: the two types belong to the same "kind" (for
int64are two integer types), and the source type can be converted losslessly to the destination type (e.g. from
int64, but not the reverse);
- safe conversion: the two types belong to different kinds, but the
source type can be reasonably converted to the destination type
float64, but not the reverse);
- unsafe conversion: a conversion is available from the source type to the destination type, but it may lose precision, magnitude, or another desirable quality.
- no conversion: there is no correct or reasonably efficient way to
convert between the two types (for example between an
datetime64, or a C-contiguous array and a Fortran-contiguous array).
When a specialization is examined, the latter two cases eliminate it from the final choice: i.e. when at least one argument has no conversion or only an unsafe conversion to the signature's argument type.
However, if the function is compiled with explicit signatures
jit() call (and therefore it is not allowed to compile
new specializations), unsafe conversion is allowed.
Candidates and best match¶
If a specialization is not eliminated by the rule above, it enters the
list of candidates for the final choice. Those candidates are ranked
by an ordered 4-uple of integers:
(number of unsafe conversions,
number of safe conversions, number of same-kind promotions, number of
exact matches) (note the sum of the tuple's elements is equal to the
number of arguments). The best match is then the #1 result in sorted
ascending order, thereby preferring exact matches over promotions,
promotions over safe conversions, safe conversions over unsafe conversions.
The above-described mechanism works on integer typecodes, not on Numba
types. It uses an internal hash table storing the possible conversion


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Emergency Medical Responder Training
Interested in knowing more than just first aid or want enhanced knowledge in dealing with a medical emergency in your workplace? Then consider Emergency Medical Responder training. As an Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), you may be a member of any of the three emergency services: Ambulance, Fire, or Police, or you may be a specially-trained industrial responder, workplace health & safety member, Occupational Health Nurse, private citizen or public employee.
This course of study is designed to teach you advanced knowledge in dealing with a medical emergency. It provides the knowledge and skill sets needed in an emergency to help maintain life, and reduce mortality and pain both in trauma and sudden illness. This course meets and follows the curriculum requirements of the Paramedic Association of Canada's National Competency Profile.
COURSE OF STUDIESThe course of study is divided into two semester segments as it is 80 hours in duration.
Course content for semester one includes:
- Introduction to the EMS system
- The well being of the EMR
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- The Human body
- Lifting and moving patients
- The airway and ventilation
- Oxygen safety
- Automated External Defibrillation
- Scene Assessment
- Patient Assessment
- Communication and Documentation
- Cardiac and Respiratory Emergencies
Course content for semester two includes:
- Other common Medical complaints
- Geriatric considerations
- Heat and stroke emergencies
- Bites and Stings
- Psychological Emergencies and Crisis Intervention
- Bleeding and Shock
- Soft-Tissue Injuries
- Injuries to the chest, Abdomen
- Industrial emergencies
- Injuries to head, face and neck
- Injuries to the spine
- Musculoskeletal injuries
- Child Birth and infants and children
- EMS operations
- Hazardous Materials incidents and Emergencies
- M.C.I. and Incident command
- Special rescue situations
You must complete both semesters to receive certification. The duration of certification validation is 3 years and is overseen by a qualified medical director.
There is a written test and practical component as part of the evaluation and you must reach a minimum of 75% to pass.
The program includes certification in CPR at the health care provider (HCP) level and Automated External Defibrillation. The certification will be Heart & Stroke association of Canada and is instructed by a certified Heart and stroke instructor. Meets and exceeds OHS regulation in advanced first aid.


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20 January, 2017
Three times a year, the Science Museum of Minnesota (SMM) hosts a very special event. Members Behind the Scenes gives visitors the opportunity to enter parts of the museum that are normally off limits (like the research labs) and see what goes on.
On Martin Luther King Day, scientists from the St. Croix Watershed Research Station provided research microscopes, field equipment, and displays of their scientific activities. Over 600 museum visitors attended the event.
Visitors, including kids as young as four, were able to look at diatoms through the best light microscopes currently available. Visitors learned why diatoms are so important in water and how scientists use diatoms in biomonitoring and paleoecological research. Visitors became citizen scientists and helped station researchers make observations.
The scientists tasked visitors with searching microscope slides for particular diatom species. Then, each citizen scientist learned how to measure diameter, length, patterns of ornamentation, and take a micrograph. Finally, the contributions from visitors were incorporated into development of taxon pages. As a result, the museum's newest citizen scientists created the content necessary to complete pages for Lindavia bodanica and Hannaea superiorensis.


A Principal's Perspective
Kevin Gordon, Principal at High Point Elem.
Kevin Gordon, Principal at High Point Elem.
This past Monday night our class had a chance to hear from Kevin Gordon, current Principal at High Point Elementary in Clearwater. In addition to his current job at High Point, Mr. Smith is pursuing an Ed. D. in Educational Leadership at the University of South Florida.
High Point Elementary is a diverse school that serves a primarily low-income community. It has approximately 650 students. According to Mr. Gordon, the breakdown of the student body is as follows: 29% white, 48% Hispanic, and 16% African American. Mr. Gordon feels that the diversity of the school is one of its strengths and it helps the students appreciate diversity because they live in it for six years of their school lives. The teachers at High Point are primarly female, but Mr. Gordon thinks the teachers and staff are pretty balanced in terms of ethnic background. The number of students at the school who are receiving a free or reduced lunch has ranged from 74 to 91%. The school has not made AYP the last six years. Mr. Gordon mentioned making AYP as a goal that he has for the school, as well as well as fully implementing the dual language program currently in place at High Point. In terms of students with disabilities, the school has moved from a pullout model to full inclusion, even in the case of ELL students. The only exception to full inclusion has been for students classified as EBD.
Prior to meeting with Mr. Gordon, everyone in the class had an opportunity to submit several questions for Mr. Gordon to address during our discussion in class:
1. What are some of the ways you interact with parents and the community to help ensure the success of your students?
Mr. Gordon noted that the school has taken several steps to help Spanish-speaking parents (who make up a majority of the parents) feel more comfortable. This included purchasing materials in both English in Spanish. He also mentioned that having a bilingual assistant in the main office has been helpful.
2. How has your knowledge of students' socialization at home informed your choice of professional development provided to teachers to help prepare them work with students from diverse background?
One of the things he has done is do read out louds of books that address diversity with his teachers. The books he has used for these read out louds include If Only She Knew and 601 Maple Street.
Mr. Gordon said he has tried to build a culture of respect at the school by having each class craft their own mission statements with student participation to provide a sense of ownership. He feels this has helped address behavior issues.
3. What advice can you give new teachers or teacher mentors to help them work in urban schools?
Mr. Gordon said that classroom management is key and that building a good relationship with the students is also important. As he said, "they don't buy into what you have to teach, they buy into you."
4. What are you doing at your school with respect to technology?
The school is only two years old and thus it has some state of the art technology in each classroom, including an overhead projector, a SmartBoard, a sound enhancement system, and a student response system ("clickers"). The student-to-computer ration is about 2 to 1, according to Mr. Gordon. He has made sure that teachers have the training they need to become proficient in the technology and use it effectively in the classroom. Teachers can attend trainings after school, usually every Thursday. Several High Point students have received awards for multimedia projects they have done.
5. What are your goals for your school?
Of course, making AYP was mentioned by Mr. Gordon, but he also addressed more intangible goals such as giving his students more exposure to the middle class experiences many of us take for granted. For example, he mentioned that many of his students had never visited Tampa even though it's just a short drive across the bay from Clearwater. He has tried to expose his students to new experiences such as going to see the orchestra.
This is an A and B conversation so please C your way out: Bias in Language at the IEP Table
Parents are sometimes both present and shutout of the IEP conversation. Being shutout is often the result of teachers and other personnel feeling like they are "experts" on your child. This expertise is reflected in the language they choose to use, and how they take charge of the IEP meeting that is about your child. This language is often so technical that many parents would not be able to understand. For example, Mehan (1987) found that psychologists took an authoritative stance at the IEP table by using technical language as they "presented" information rather than conversing about that information. Parents were shutout of these conversations because they did not speak the "language" of the psychologist. Thus, they were present for a conversation that did not include them.
 I encourage parents to ask for a definition of any word that they do not understand. Many educational professionals will admit that educational success stories for children with disabilities are few and far between. So however well-intentioned these professionals claim to be, they can't truly be the all knowing expert that they think they are, parents are experts and equal partners in the educational future of their children.
Mehan, H. (1987). The role of the language of role in institutional decision making. Discourse Processes, 12, 187-211.
Preparing for Battle at the IEP Table
You may have to fight for the educational services that your child with a disability needs. Be prepared for battle!
 Step 1: Attend all IEP meetings.
The school district or the IEP team will give your child whatever they find appropriate. The services the school district offers is sometimes inappropriate for your child, so attend the meetings.
You are a member of the IEP team and your voice is valuable. Who knows your child better than you? The school district will do whatever they think you will tolerate.
Decisions may have been made about the IEP services that your child is going to receive before you ever stepped foot into the IEP room. Speak up!
Step 2: Have everything in writing. If you do not agree with something speak up and request that it be noted in the IEP.
Sending letters to the district to ask questions could be invaluable if you ever need to challenge them in another forum (fax it, or email it). Also, negotiating with them could be beneficial.
Step 3: Move through the ranks. The IEP team has unwritten rules about the services they can offer, but there are people in power that can give your child what they need. Ask to speak to the principal first then the compliance department or a supervisor.
Step 4: Always be professional; the school district loves when parents lead with emotion because they can use an unprofessional letter to show the unreasonableness of the parent. (Wrightslaw)
Step 5: Get some support. Joining organizations like the Council of Parents Advocates and Attorneys or COPAA is priceless. They have experienced people that may be able to help you get your child what is appropriate. (Maybe this should be step 1). Join COPAA.
Step 6: There will be members of the IEP team who are quietly on your side. Ask casual questions outside of the meeting to try to determine where they truly stand. This will help you in the long run.
Step 7: Make a list of what is appropriate in the IEP, and what else your child needs to get an appropriate education. At all costs do not mention I want what is "best" for my child. The school district is only required to provide what is appropriate.
Step 8: Go to battle and make it happen.
Students Who Drop Out Of School-Dr. Patty McHatton Presentation Notes
Dr. Patty McHatton's presentation on students who drop out of school
Dr. Patty McHatton's presentation on students who drop out of school
Dr. McHatton Presentation 4/6/09
· Dr. Patty McHatton is a professor at the University of South Florida who witnessed injustices in her own high school experience and again during her college teacher education program. She dropped out of high school herself and did not begin college for over two decades. She now dedicates herself to working directly with students and creating a space for hearing their voices to better prepare future educators to work towards social justice and create successful school experiences for all students. She said, "This work speaks to my soul."
· Students can teach us, there is much to learn from the students.
· Children are the best measure of how teachers are doing.
· Dr. McHatton's current work displays work done by students who have dropped out of high school; she supports them in telling their stories, describing their experiences, and relaying their perceptions to future and current educators.
· Students have a vision and teachers need to focus on making sure the students know exactly what they need to do to fulfill their vision.
· More attention needs to be directed to the relationship between teachers and students. This theme keeps recurring in the stories of high school dropouts that Dr. McHatton works with.
· We need to find a way to give students a voice.
· Students who have dropped out have not been nurtured in school, schools are not structured to meet the needs of some students.
 Dr. McHatton makes a difference for students who have dropped out of school
Why Students Drop Out-Art


text:
Some ants are blind, but most are not.
More Info: Some ant species are blind, especially those that are subterranean, but not all. Many ant species have compound eyes, which they use to hunt for food. Some species have ocelli, three simple eyes, which detect light. Most ants have marginal eyesight relying on other senses to help assist in foraging for food, but some have excellent eyesight, such as the Myrmecia species, commonly referred to as bull ants.
Blind Ant Species
Army Ants: This group is not a single species of ants, but encompasses more than 200 species across 18 genera and 6 subfamilies. An ant is classified as an army ant due to its aggressive swarming predatory behaviors. These ants do not have compound eyes, and cannot see, instead using their antennae and pheromones to smell, touch, and communicate.
Martialis heureka: This unknown ant species was discovered in a Brazilian rainforest in 2003. One of the most primitive species discovered yet, this ant is pale in color and eyeless. When its founder exhibited the ant to an expert at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology he exclaimed that that ant species may as well be from Mars it is so different. The species was thus named Martialis heureka, which essentially translates to "From Mars! Wow!"
"Ant Anatomy | ASU – Ask A Biologist." Ask A Biologist | ASU – Ask A Biologist. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012..
"Army ant – New World Encyclopedia." New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.
"Scientists Find One Specimen of Strange Ancient Ant – NYTimes.com." The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.


21 Jul
4 Types of Geotechnical Monitoring Instruments
Geotechnical monitoring instruments are very useful in the mining environment
Geotechnical monitoring instruments are very useful in the mining environment. Engineers use them to provide information on as well as measure different characteristics of water behavior, rock, or soil.
The information collected is analyzed and interpreted by engineers. This helps them understand the mechanics affecting the mine and come up with ideal methods to manage and maintain the mine. Some of the monitoring instruments used are:
 1. Thermistors
The name 'thermistor' is a combination of 'thermal' and 'resistor'. Thermistors have lower resistance than insulating materials and higher resistance than conducting materials. They're a very accurate sensor for measuring ground temperature and are available in 2 types: PTC, or positive temperature coefficient, and NTC, or negative temperature coefficient.
 1. Extensometers
Extensometers are geotechnical monitoring instruments that measure the elongation of a substance when it's under pressure. It also determines strain ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening exponent. There are four types of extensometers: Soil extensometers, magnetic extensometers, mechanical extensometers, and electrical extensometers.
 1. Sloughmeters
These instruments are used to monitor sloughing around a stope, for instance. The inner circuit in them breaks if the area in which they are fixed breaks down. Their design enables them to always provide accurate results.
 1. Contractometers
These are the exact opposite of extensometers. They are crafted to measure compression and are crucial for determining whether a mine shaft is conducive for operation. These geotechnical monitoring instruments offer data that warns miners that a certain area of the mine is under intense stress. Moving water, rock, or soil causes the pressure.


text:
Comparing the Overlapping of Two Independent Confidence Intervals with a Single Confidence Interval for Two Normal Population Parameters
Type of DegreeDissertation
DepartmentIndustrial and Systems Engineering
MetadataShow full item record
Two overlapping confidence intervals have been used in many sources in the past 30 years to conduct statistical inferences about two normal population means. Several authors have examined the shortcomings of Overlap procedure in the past 13 years and have determined that such a method completely distorts the significance level of testing the null hypothesis of two normal population means and reduces the statistical power of the test. Nearly all results for small sample sizes in Overlap literature have been obtained either by simulation or by somewhat inaccurate formulas, and only large-sample (or known-variance) exact information has been provided. Nevertheless, there are many aspects of Overlap that have not yet been presented in the literature and compared against the standard statistical procedure. This paper will present exact formulas for the % overlap, ranging in the interval (0, 61.3626%] for a 0.05-level test, that two independent confidence intervals (CIs) can have, but the null hypothesis of equality of two population means must still be rejected at a pre-assigned level of significance for sample sizes? 2. The exact impact of Overlap on the?alpha-level and the power of pooled-t test will also be presented. Further, the impact of Overlap on the power of the F-statistic in testing the null hypothesis of equality of two normal process variances will be assessed. Finally, we will use the noncentral t distribution, which has never been applied in Overlap literature, to assess the Overlap impact on type II error probability when testing the equality of two population means for sample sizes equal two.


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This paper considers two strategies for undermining indispensability arguments for mathematical Platonism. We defend one strategy (the Trivial Strategy) against a criticism by Joseph Melia. In particular, we argue that the key example Melia uses against the Trivial Strategy fails. We then criticize Melia's chosen strategy (the Weaseling Strategy.) The Weaseling Strategy attempts to show that it is not always inconsistent or irrational knowingly to assert p and deny an implication of p. We argue that Melia's case for this strategy fails.
ASJC Scopus subject areas