Enjoy the Benefits of Structured Cabling in Los Angeles
A structured cabling system is a complete cabling system and associated hardware that provides a complete telecommunications infrastructure and provides a platform on which a comprehensive information systems strategy can be built.
You may get the best structured cabling in Los Angeles at
Structured is the foundation for a corporate, government, or corporate IT network, including data, voice, video, or alarms, and defines how signals or data are transmitted across the network.
Structured cables are usually made by contractors who specialize only in this trade. These contractors are known as structured cable companies.
The method for installing a structured cabling system is standardized. Standardization of this system is necessary to ensure the functioning of systems with increasingly complex mechanisms.
A data cable is a wired connection to a network so that data can be transmitted from one point to another. The data cable allows communication between different users and data analysis at one central point. Cat5E, Cat6, and Cat6a cables are used to install data cables that have been tested to current industry standards.
Voice cabling is the wiring of a building that enables basic telecommunications systems, including landline lines, modems, or analog lines.
This cabling is essential for telephone cabling as well as other network applications that allow voice communication or other long-distance services. Correct installation and compliance with telecommunication requirements are considered very important when creating new voice cables.


text:
|New Deal-era buildings, structures and sites within a
28-county area of eastern Kentucky are being targeted in an extensive survey being
undertaken beginning this month by the Kentucky Heritage Council, the State Historic
Preservation Office, in conjunction with the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and
Preservation Kentucky, Inc. The goal is to produce a comprehensive history and inventory
of east Kentucky New Deal resources that will be released in a report, the "New Deal
Cultural Landscape of East Kentucky," later this fall.
Counties included in a
broader study include Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, Elliott, Floyd, Greenup,
Harlan, Jackson, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Lewis,
McCreary, Magoffin, Martin, Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Whitley and Wolfe. For these
communities, letters are being sent to county historical societies, tourism commissions,
city and county leaders and interested individuals seeking input on any buildings,
structures or sites that are known or identified as being associated with New Deal-era
work relief projects.
Because it will not be possible to thoroughly document every New Deal-related structure
in each of these counties, comprehensive historical research and examples of significant
New Deal-era resources will be further studied using three counties as case studies
Greenup, Letcher and McCreary selected due to geographic diversity, previous lack
of any comprehensive survey work, and the availability of local contacts to assist with
project guidance. Kentucky Heritage Council staff will actually conduct intensive surveys
in each of these counties to physically document and research individual New Deal
resources. [NOTE: The first survey work began in Letcher County the week of March 15.]
|"It is hoped that this study will highlight an
important era of modernization in Kentuckys cultural history and help in the
understanding and appreciation of eastern Kentuckys rich legacy," said David L.
Morgan, Kentucky Heritage Council Executive Director and State Historic Preservation
Officer. "In fact, resources documented through this study should help provide the
basis for enhanced tourism opportunities and economic development initiatives."
complete this process, Cynthia Johnson, a research assistant from the University of
Kentucky Graduate Program in Historic Preservation, will work with Rachel Kennedy,
Kentucky Heritage Council Research Coordinator, to research and co-author the report.
The New Deal was a domestic policy program implemented by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt from 1933 through 1943, designed to pull the United States out of the Depression
by creating jobs through direct use of government funding. This program was manifested in
capital improvement projects such as schools, court houses, bridges, dams, roads and parks
built in partnership with various New Deal agencies including the Civilian
Conservation Corps, the Civil Works Administration, the Federal Emergency Relief
Administration, the National Youth Administration, the Public Works Administration, the
Tennessee Valley Authority and the Works Progress Administration.
For more information about the project or to offer information about New Deal resources
in your area, please call Johnson, the primary researcher, at the Kentucky Heritage
Council, _PHONE_, ext. 151, or email her at _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The Super Serpentine Reactor employs a length of tubing that is weaved onto a plastic platen using a cross stitch pattern. The pattern employed ensures the maximum number of changes in direction in 3-D space possible. By forcing the flowing fluid to make rapid changes in direction it is possible to significantly improve the mixing patterns achievable in a flowing stream. This phenomenon has been employed in knotted reactors and the Super Serpentine Reactor provides a measure of rigidity and predictability to the reactor. Use of the Super Serpentine Reactor will increase radial dispersion while minimizing axial dispersion. In fact, it is possible to actually reduce axial dispersion compared to a straight length of tubing by using the Super Serpentine Reactor.


accidentally in a sentence
Example sentences for accidentally
Open, he accidentally nudged his ball while setting up for a shot.
Professors have also accidentally shared comments with students that they meant only for fellow instructors.
The problem comes when the telomerase gene is accidentally activated in a cell in which it is supposed to be shut down.
They suspect that a fishing vessel picked it up accidentally.
As you cut, be careful not to accidentally nip off the new buds.
After accidentally discovering an alien artifact, the space miner finds himself stranded on an asteroid, his co-workers missing.
He had accidentally marked the wrong major on his online admissions.
If it accidentally kills someone on the list, all bets will be off.
Two actors playing a scene in which a guy accidentally cuts his hand while chopping fruits.
Also, pipes leading to the tanks can be accidentally ruptured.
It is made, in part, from serum from six colleagues accidentally infected in the lab.
It's a junkyard out there in space and sometimes astronauts accidentally contribute to the litter.
Call to request a waiver of the late penalty if you mostly pay on time but accidentally miss a deadline one month.
If it starts to fail, the computer can crash accidentally when the power supply generates a noisy signal.
You'll have to be careful you don't accidentally throw yours out with the recycling.
People continue to accidentally introduce species to new ranges today.
And then hitting someone in the face for accidentally stepping on your foot.
Many invasive species are introduced into a new region accidentally.
Indeed, in nearly all reported cases skiers or snowmobilers have been victims of avalanches accidentally provoked by themselves.
But that runs the risk of accidentally triggering a response from another atomic power, who might mistake it for a nuke.
There is no way to measure whether voters accidentally cast ballots for the wrong candidate.
Swimming pools were fitted with ropes to allow koalas to climb out if they accidentally fall in.
Sometimes the chalk accidentally makes the sound, too.
The other risk is that something will escape accidentally.
The letters are accidentally returned to them with other materials.
He said he accidentally used a bat intended for batting practice.
The result will simply be more guns around campus, which increases the likelihood that some will go off accidentally.
Anna can be seen walking down the catwalk whereupon she accidentally drops a pistol on the floor.
They must have accidentally been moved from another thread.
Sometimes low culture accidentally does more than the works that start out pretentiously intending to be high culture.
Label each bin clearly so employees do not accidentally mix materials.
Psychology has a long history of regarding pleasure and reward as the same thing, accidentally or not.
These can become enormous-several inches thick-and if accidentally cut, would result in rapid blood loss.
Ores consist of an aggregate of minerals which have coalesced not accidentally, but as a result of the conditions of their origin.
As his soldiers maneuvered in a dense fog, they accidentally fired on one another.
He hands them to the narrator, who accidentally sits on them.
Still, none of those compartments ever sprang open accidentally.
Seems to me that this system makes it much more likely to accidentally send emails to places they shouldn't go.
Famous quotes containing the word accidentally
They mean to tell us all was rolling blind Till accidentally it hit on mind... more
Pain itself can be pleasurable accidentally in so far as it is accompanied by wonder, as in stage-plays; or... more
I will not adopt that ungenerous and impolitic custom so common with novel writers, of degrading by their contemptuous c... more
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HPL_ptimer_cputime - Man Page
Return the CPU time.
_TAG_ "hpl.h"
 double HPL_ptimer_cputime();
HPL_ptimer_cputime returns the cpu time. If HPL_USE_CLOCK is defined, the clock() function is used to return an approximation of processor time used by the program. The value returned is the CPU time used so far as a clock_t; to get the number of seconds used, the result is divided by CLOCKS_PER_SEC. This function is part of the ANSI/ISO C standard library. If HPL_USE_TIMES is defined, the times() function is used instead. This function returns the current process times. times() returns the number of clock ticks that have elapsed since the system has been up. Otherwise and by default, the standard library function getrusage() is used.
See Also
HPL_ptimer_walltime (3), HPL_ptimer (3).
Referenced By
HPL_ptimer(3), HPL_ptimer_walltime(3).
February 24, 2016 HPL 2.2 HPL Library Functions


text:
Why Join Our
Benefits of our Economics Tuition Programmes
Economics Focus is committed to provide you with a meaningful and exam-oriented learning experience, such that you are well-versed and proficient in the study of Economics. In addition to the primary goal of attaining academic success at the O and A Level Economics examinations, we also believe that students should learn with the aim of developing critical thinking and problem solving skills that are highly valued in higher levels of education and in various specializations of work.
Benefits of our H2 Economics Tuition
How our H2 Economics tuition will prepare you for A?
The lessons will cover both the essay writing and case study answering techniques, which are crucial factors for the attainment of academic success at the examinations. Students will undergo topical re-teaching and knowledge application during class practices.
Apply economic principles with examples to questions
Students will learn to understand and apply the economics principles taught in class to practice questions. The use of examples based on the discussion of real world case studies and issues is instrumental in raising the quality of answers. Under the guidance of the JC Economics tutors, students will develop the ability to arrange their answers and provide logical and concise explanation to ace the questions.
Develop proficient writing and CSQs skills
In addition, students will also be able to gain mastery in writing. Students who have undergone our tuition classes will be able to develop coherent arguments that stand above that of their peers. On top of the development of writing abilities, students will also be taught to interpret, analyse and evaluate figures and data allowing them to reinforce their arguments.
Clarify your doubts and rectify any errors
The H2 Economics tuition classes are beneficial to students as they can clarify doubts and rectify writing errors. During the lessons, the students will learn to set causation writing, develop thinking skills and draw diagrams that are accompanied with explanations. Along the way, students can seek help from the tutors, who will review the answers and provide suggestions on how to improve the answering methods.
Benefits of our H1 Economics Tuition
How our H1 Economics Tuition will prepare you for the examinations?
The tuition pinpoints the cultivation of proficient case study answering skills, such as trend analysis, factor comparison and discussion of economic impacts. These skills are to be applied in the context of economics issues discussed in the given extracts and data.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Meaning: Treat someone badly
Example: Her boss DUMPS ON everyone when things go wrong.
Meaning: Criticize heavily, often unfairly
Example: She DUMPS ON her family a lot.
Meaning: Tell someone your problems
Example: When he';s depressed, he needs someone to DUMP ON.
We have 1 phrasal verbs with 'DUMP'


4 out of 9 rated this helpful - Rate this topic
How to: Convert a String to a DateTime (C# Programming Guide)
It is common for programs to enable users to enter dates as string values. To convert a string-based date to a System.DateTime object, you can use the Convert.ToDateTime(String) method or the DateTime.Parse(String) static method, as shown in the following example.
For more examples of date strings, see Convert.ToDateTime(String).
// Date strings are interpreted according to the current culture.
// If the culture is en-US, this is interpreted as "January 8, 2008",
// but if the user's computer is fr-FR, this is interpreted as "August 1, 2008"
string date = "01/08/2008";
DateTime dt = Convert.ToDateTime(date);
Console.WriteLine("Year: {0}, Month: {1}, Day: {2}", dt.Year, dt.Month, dt.Day);
// Specify exactly how to interpret the string.
IFormatProvider culture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("fr-FR", true);
// Alternate choice: If the string has been input by an end user, you might
// want to format it according to the current culture:
// IFormatProvider culture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
DateTime dt2 = DateTime.Parse(date, culture, System.Globalization.DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal);
Console.WriteLine("Year: {0}, Month: {1}, Day {2}", dt2.Year, dt2.Month, dt2.Day);
/* Output (assuming first culture is en-US and second is fr-FR):
 Year: 2008, Month: 1, Day: 8
 Year: 2008, Month: 8, Day 1
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© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


text:
Negotiating between health-based contraceptive concerns and piety : the experiences of Muslim wives in the greater Durban area.
This qualitative, empirical study was located within a feminist research paradigm employing a phenomenological research design. The purpose was to understand the „lived experiences‟ of South African Muslim women in the Greater Durban area negotiating between their health-based contraceptive concerns and their pietistic concerns to observe God‟s will through the course of being good wives. The application of both phenomenological and feminist critical theoretical frameworks was beneficial to understand the forms of analyses applied to these negotiations that occurred within the gendered space of marriage. The conscious and goal-directed decisions to use contraception and to cultivate piety prompted the use of the theory of planned behaviour as the conceptual framework. Data was produced through in-depth, face-to-face interviews guided by open ended questions. This was followed by a reading task and guided written narrative to explore the impact of the discursive construct of gender and agency in popular Islamic literature. Data was analysed within a thematic framework. The findings of this study indicate that these South African Muslim wives do not perceive themselves to be negotiating between health-based contraceptive concerns and piety. Contraception is viewed in terms of the practical considerations of health and is unrelated to their pietistic concerns to observe God‟s will. Instead, these South African Muslim women face moral conflicts by prioritising domestic responsibility and sexual availability to their spouses irrespective of personal desire. These considerations more than contraceptive concerns are determined by the need to acquire God‟s favour through the observance of divine commands. Motivated by their desire to please God, though not oblivious to the deliberate choice to comply with normative prescriptions of women‟s roles which perpetuate androcentric norms and patriarchal structures, the women negotiate and renegotiate their living conditions as an assertion of their agentic positions in the process of pietistic self-making. This continuous process is fuelled by their ultimate desire for peace in their homes, the overall objective of marriage, and their pietistic aspirations of acquiring Heaven.


text:
Title: What Is the Biggest Railroad Company in the United States?
Railroads have played a crucial role in shaping the transportation landscape of the United States since their inception in the early 19th century. Over the years, numerous railroad companies have emerged, connecting cities, transporting goods, and fostering economic growth. In this article, we will explore the biggest railroad company in the United States, delving into its history, operations, and overall significance in the nation's transportation infrastructure.
The Biggest Railroad Company in the United States: Union Pacific Railroad
Union Pacific Railroad is widely recognized as the largest railroad company in the United States. Established in 1862 through the Pacific Railroad Act signed by President Abraham Lincoln, Union Pacific has since become an iconic symbol of American railroading.
1. History and Expansion:
Union Pacific Railroad was initially formed as part of the First Transcontinental Railroad project, which aimed to connect the eastern and western coasts of the United States. The company played a pivotal role in the completion of this ambitious project, with its tracks finally meeting those of the Central Pacific Railroad at Promontory Summit, Utah, in 1869.
2. Network and Operations:
With a vast network spanning 32,000 miles across 23 states, Union Pacific serves as a vital link for transporting goods and people throughout the country. The company operates in major regions like the Midwest, Southwest, and Pacific Coast, providing seamless transportation services for various industries, including agriculture, energy, and manufacturing.
3. Technological Advancements:
Union Pacific has consistently embraced technological advancements to enhance its efficiency and safety standards. It has implemented advanced train control systems, such as Positive Train Control (PTC), to prevent accidents and optimize operations. Additionally, Union Pacific has utilized modern locomotives and innovative freight car designs to increase capacity and reduce emissions.
4. Economic Impact:
As the largest railroad company in the United States, Union Pacific plays a crucial role in driving economic growth. The company employs thousands of workers nationwide and contributes significantly to the nation's GDP. Its transportation services facilitate domestic and international trade, ensuring the efficient movement of goods and resources.
5. Environmental Initiatives:
Union Pacific is committed to sustainable practices and reducing its environmental footprint. The company actively promotes fuel efficiency, investing in locomotives with lower emissions and utilizing alternative fuels. By moving freight via rail, Union Pacific helps reduce road congestion and carbon emissions, contributing to a greener transportation system.
1. How many employees does Union Pacific have?
Union Pacific employs around 36,000 people, making it one of the largest employers in the railroad industry.
2. What is Union Pacific's market share?
Union Pacific holds a significant market share, with its extensive network covering a substantial portion of the United States.
3. How does Union Pacific compare to other major railroad companies?
In terms of track mileage and revenue, Union Pacific consistently ranks as the largest railroad company in the United States.
4. Does Union Pacific provide passenger services?
While Union Pacific primarily focuses on freight transportation, it collaborates with Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, to ensure the smooth operation of passenger trains on shared tracks.
5. What safety measures does Union Pacific employ?
Union Pacific prioritizes safety and employs various measures, including advanced train control systems, regular inspections, and comprehensive employee training programs.
6. How does Union Pacific contribute to local communities?
Union Pacific actively supports local communities through charitable initiatives, community engagement, and partnerships with nonprofit organizations.
7. Does Union Pacific have plans for expansion or future projects?
Union Pacific continuously invests in its infrastructure and explores opportunities for expansion to meet the growing demand for rail transportation in the United States.
As the largest railroad company in the United States, Union Pacific Railroad occupies a prominent position in the nation's transportation infrastructure. With its extensive network, technological advancements, economic impact, and commitment to sustainability, Union Pacific continues to serve as a vital link for goods and people throughout the country.


Heaven at North Pole described in many Cultures
Vedas have described that Gods reside at north direction and one day for them is equivalent to one year for humans.
This was based on idea that north pole has six months of sunlight and six months of darkness, which makes it day and night for one year.
Varaha Mihir, one the most famous Indian astronomer (around 6th century AD), identified North Pole as the location of Meru in his celebrated work Panch-siddhāntikā.
heaven at north pole
Indian Historian and Freedom-fighter, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, in his phenomenal work titled, 'The Arctic Home of the Vedas', written in late 19th century, gives an extremely detailed as well as convincing account based on the literary evidence of various Slokas from Rig Veda and the Zoroastrian Avesta that point to an Arctic Home of the ancient Aryans.
The original home of Aryans was at the North Pole, from which they had to emigrate due to the Ice deluge 10,000 years ago.
Around 8000 BCE, the age of migration from the original home began when the survivors roamed over the northern parts of Europe and Asia in search of lands suitable for new settlements. If we accept this, we can easily understand the legends of Noah and Manu, the progenitors of mankind in this current age.
More than half a dozen World Mythologies locate their sacred lands at the North Pole.
 - Norse myths place their 'Land of Immortality' at the North Pole and their legends talk about a World Tree called YGGDRASIL that connects Heaven, Earth and Hell just like Meru.
Zoroastrian Avesta revered by the Persians (Parsis), mentions the Aryanam Vaijah the ancient land of Aryans as the Best-of-all-places and situated up in the North, above the other six world zones. At the beginning of the current age, the god Ahura Mazda warned of an impending fierce winter (Ice Age?!?) and advised its denizens to migrate to other locations.
meru mountain earth axisSurya Siddantha mentions a Meru in the middle of Earth, a Sumeru at the North Pole and a Kumeru at the South pole.
Which means that the structure called Meru stretches from pole to pole and Hell exists at South Pole, just like Heaven at North Pole.
Meru does not refer to a mountain at all but instead is an allegory for the Earth's Axis of Rotation.
Interestingly there is a Mount Meru in Tanzania, which roughly corresponds to the geographic Center of the Earth.The Mountain is even worshipped by the local tribes as an abode of Gods.
Another ancient Sanskrit text, the Narpatijayacharya mentions Sumeru as being present in the middle of the Earth, but not visible to humans.
Related Articles :


text:
Gentilly Resilience District
The Gentilly Resilience District is a combination of efforts across the Gentilly district to address pressing environmental and social challenges in the area through various approaches to water and land management. This is New Orleans' first Resilience District. The idea for the Gentilly Resilience District was first proposed in the City of New Orleans' application to the National Disaster Resilience Competition, conducted by HUD. Subsequently, New Orleans was awarded $141 million to create the Gentilly Resilience District and invest in projects that increase social well-being, build better infrastructure, and support neighborhood cultural initiatives. Solutions are meant to be scalable and replicable, such that other neighborhoods can take away key lessons and build on the experiences of Gentilly residents to create an environment of adaptation and resilience across New Orleans.
Like much of New Orleans, the Gentilly District is subject to land subsidence, chronic flooding, undermaintained streets, and overburdened drainage systems. Gentilly Resilience District projects target these problems by recovering streets, vacant lots, parks, schoolyards, and private property, and creating spaces that capture rainwater in the urban landscape. These green spaces provide beauty, filter pollutants to create healthy air and water, and give residents an opportunity for recreation. For example, the Mirabeau Water Garden is 25-acre site that was repurposed from a convent to a space of recreation, environmental learning, and storage for up to 10 million gallons of stormwater. Another project, St. Anthony Green Streets, sets a new standard for how neighborhood streets and playgrounds can incorporate stormwater management in the process of neighborhood revitalization. Many other projects are described on the Gentilly Resilience District fact sheet.
The projects have an added benefit of training and preparing local residents to develop, install, and manage water infrastructure. This ensures that the systems have a self-perpetuating base of water operators that do not have to rely on municipal water authorities or government agencies for technical expertise or assistance. Building capacity on a local level is at the heart of all Gentilly Resilience District projects, and workforce trainings and education empower and sustain a community beyond the end of individual projects.


The darker the night, the brighter the stars?
S = % of life spent in suffering
(1-S) = % of life spent in pleasure
f(S) = some function of S
 - f(S) is linear.**
f(S) = aS + 1
a – Sa – aS – 1 – 1 = 0
a – 2aS = 2
-2aS = 2 – a
2aS = a -2
S = (a – 2) / 2a
* You'll also notice I'm making two unrealistic assumptions here:
18 Responses to The darker the night, the brighter the stars?
 1. I was thinking there should be a constant added which represents the amount of time you are neither happy or suffering …
 I really loved your process here. Brought a smile to my face
 2. alex says:
 Here is something of a shorcut to see that the ideal S is at most 1/2. You are optimizing a function which is a quadratic with a negative leading coefficient, so its largest value occurs at the midpoint of the roots. Now one root is in [0,1] (because your function is positive at S=0 and negative at S=1) and the other root is negative (if it were positive, your function would be negative at S=0). So their midpoint lies on the left of 1/2.
 3. alex says:
 I should also mention that the conclusion that at least half of life should be spent
 without suffering holds if f(s) is an arbitrary concave function, as you indeed suggest. It is actually not very hard to show the following:
 Theorem: If
 U(s) = (1-s) f(s) – s,
 where f(s) is a continuous, concave, and increasing function on [0,1] which satisfies f(0)=1, then the maximum of U(s) over the interval [0,1] is achieved by some s<1/2.
 If that statement sounds interesting to you, I would be happy to sketch out the proof.
 4. Max says:
 Neat. Reminds me of a model I came up with for distributing limited resources, like a loaf of bread among a thousand people. The optimal solution is not to give everyone a crumb which they'll barely notice, but to give out decent slices until it runs out.
 5. Max says:
 Why is it more realistic for f(S) to be concave rather than convex? Increasing suffering from 1% to 2% doesn't have as much impact on pleasure as increasing suffering from 98% to 99%.
 So let's set f(S) equal to the ratio of suffering to pleasure: f(S) = S/(1-S)
 Then, Total Happiness = [(1-S) * f(S)] – S = 0, so it's not affected by the amount of suffering.
 - Max says:
 To make f(0)=1, we can set f(S) = (S+1)/(1-S), in which case Total Happiness = 1, so it's still not affected by suffering.
 Or we could set f(S) = 1/(1-S), in which case Total Happiness = 1-S, so zero suffering is best.
 This shows how subjective choices affect the outcome, which is why such models have to be validated.
 6. Vesuvium says:
 For an empirical perspective, a recent article in J.Pers.Soc.Psych by Seery, Holman, and Silver finds: "In a multiyear longitudinal study of a national sample, people with a history of some lifetime adversity reported better mental health and well-being outcomes than not only people with a high history of adversity but also than people with no history of adversity.",%20Holman,%20&%20Silver%202010%20JPSP.pdf
 7. In other words you took a simple truism {concept} and made it complicated. So much for today's so called educated mind.
 - It seems that you're saying that overcomplication is a poor use of a good mind, and I would certainly agree. However, I think Julia's post was meant to convey the point that truisms, while simple, are neither very accurate nor very useful, and then she tried to use a rational, mathematical approach to gain an understanding of how it is we really assess the value and happiness in our lives. Does that seem like a better use of time and intelligence?
 - Max says:
 Ignorance is bliss.
 8. Ric says:
 Aw, geez… Did I pet the cat yesterday? Did I enjoy that cookie? Did I get laid recently? Did I enjoy that sunset last night? Did I exercise? Was I nice to people? Did I annoy a miserable crazymaker grump? Now we're talking happy utility and hell with the math. 🙂
 9. Cocorastuti Von Semberg says:
 You are a graceful web monster of futile unnecessary complications….! Congratulations from Argentinien.
 Cocorastuti Von Semberg
 10. noah says:
 Your function is affine, not linear.
 Also, for any concave function the optimal S is bounded by 1/2 (oops already pointed out by alex!). In fact for any lipschitz function you can bound it in the same way you already do using the lipschitz constant (for any differentiable nondecreasing concave function this will just be the derivative at 0 in your case).
 Finally, I think what you want is F(2*S) = F(S) + 2 — at least that's usually why one does a log transform to gdp or utility — giving us F(S) = log(S)
 11. Kaleberg says:
 I thought the stars were always the same brightness, but the moon, city lights, clouds and what not made the sky brighter and darker. That's so disappointing.
 12. Phil Goetz says:
 Brilliant. I mean, once you ask the question, "How can I mathematically analyze the contribution suffering makes to my happiness?", the rest follows. But asking the question is brilliant.
 I would like to see an analysis done assuming that f is concave, and that Pleasure + Pain + Indifference = 1 (requires another equation to solve). Also, an analysis of happiness and sadness, with the assumption that happiness = d(Pleasure-Pain)/dt = -sadness.
 Nitpick: S is a fraction, not a percentage.
 13. Pingback: What's Good Writing? | êtes mischz-vous?
Leave a Reply
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text:
Benjamin Brecknell Turner
'Worcester Cathedral, from across the Severn'
Albumen print from calotype negative
Museum no. PH.6-1982
Taken from across the River Severn, where the county cricket ground and Kings School playing field are now located, this photograph captures the west end of the Cathedral. Predating its 1860s renovation, this image shows the transept of the cathedral missing a turret. The building at the bottom left has also been subsequently demolished leaving just the medieval masonry of the former monastic reredorter (lavatories) and undercroft to the infirmary. Other buildings can still be seen today, particularly the medieval Watergate to the right. In medieval times the river was tidal and the gateway would flood twice a day, creating a small dock where boats could unload. The river bank was changed when the promenade was created in 1844.


Quick Answer: Do You Need A Vapor Barrier On Concrete?
Should you put plastic under concrete?
A concrete vapor barrier is any material that prevents moisture from entering a concrete slab.
Vapor barriers are used because while fresh concrete is poured wet, it's not supposed to stay that way.
It needs to dry and then stay dry to avoid flooring problems.
This is why a vapor barrier under concrete is essential..
What can I use for vapor barrier under concrete?
The use of a vapor barrier (more accurately termed a vapor retarder), having a water vapor permeance of less than 0.3 perm is frequently used to retard the flow of moisture through the slab. These vapor retarders are typically polyethylene or polyolefin sheeting materials.
Where should vapor barrier be installed?
Vapor barriers are usually best installed on the side of the wall that experiences the hotter temperature and moister conditions: the inner surface in colder climates and the outer surface in hot, humid climates. In existing spaces, oil-based paints or vapor-barrier latex paints offer an effective moisture barrier.
What is code for vapor barrier?
Vapor Retarders in Cold Climate Zones (5, 6, 7 and Marine 4): The International Residential Code (IRC) requires either a Class I or II vapor retarder on the interior side of frame walls in climate zones: 5, 6, 7, 8 and marine 4 (see climate zone map).
What happens if you don't have a vapor barrier?
You may find that vapour barriers are often not required in warmer climates. And, if installed in the wrong climate or on the wrong side of building materials, a vapour barrier can cause more harm than good. This circumstance may prevent water vapour from drying, which in turn can cause rot and mold.
Is vapor barrier required by code?
We need vapor barriers in California Climate Zones 14-16. … A vapor barrier is likely required if the building is cladded with absorptive material and if the structure is in United States climate zones 4C, 5 through 8.
Do you need rebar for 6 inch slab?
Does a concrete slab need rebar?
Can you use spray foam under concrete slab?
Insulating under foundation and basement slabs using SPF (spray polyurethane foam) offers certain advantages over the more common method of using rigid foam board. … Only closed-cell SPF can be used in a subslab installation; the open-cell foam does not have adequate compressive strength.
What type of gravel goes under concrete?
Backfill beneath concrete flat-work along foundation walls should be accomplished with a granular material that is uniform in size. Some fill materials, such as round stones like pea gravel, tend to be self compacting. "I recommend open-graded granular material be used," says Tull.
What is better for concrete patio rebar or mesh?
wire mesh, the short answer is: use both! … Concrete driveways that need to carry a heavy load should have both rebar and wire mesh to reinforce the concrete. For a patio, you might be able to get away with using welded wire mesh. But remember, all concrete will crack and all concrete will shrink.
Can you pour concrete directly on dirt?
Long story short, yes you can pour concrete over dirt.
Why do they put plastic down before concrete?
Do you need rebar for 4 inch slab?
Can you put a vapor barrier over concrete?
Therefore, in high-humidity areas, moisture will move to a relatively low-humidity area, even through concrete. Therefore, because concrete is porous, it's a good idea to install a vapor barrier over your concrete subfloor before installing your flooring.
Do I need a moisture barrier under vinyl plank flooring?
Can I use Tyvek as a vapor barrier?
No, DuPont™ Tyvek® is not a vapor barrier. It is made with unique material science to keep air and bulk water out while allowing moisture vapor inside walls to escape.
Is sand a good base for concrete?
Is wire mesh better than rebar?
How long before it can rain on concrete?
How Long Does Concrete Take to Dry Before Rain? Even if it starts raining after a concrete pour, the potential for damage may not be that serious. If you had time to complete the finishing process and the concrete has stiffened (typically 4 to 8 hours after mixing), rainwater may cause little if any damage.
How do you prepare ground for concrete?
Preparation is the most important aspect of pouring a concrete slab.Dig the ground down to the proper depth. … Smooth out the ground with the flat side of a rake so that you have a level surface. … Tamp the ground with a hand tamper or mechanical tamper. … Pour 2 inches of small, rounded gravel for additional drainage needs.


Yahadut is a three year, middle school program developed by Mrs. Betty Weiser for girls, emphasizing how meaningful a Jewish woman's life is. The ideas and concepts motivate and inspire, yet often are overlooked in the standard Jewish education program. The courses, based on in-depth analysis of original sources, connect her students to authentic Torah thinking.


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Use the back button to select a different record.
African American Schools in Carroll County, KY
Start Year : 1879
End Year : 1961
When R. W. Bevarly was completing his master's thesis in 1936, articles about the colored schools of Carroll County in 1879 were located in the Carrollton Democrat newspaper; the colored school at Liberty Station was attended by children in the day and by adults at night; in Carrollton, Maggie Woods was the teacher [source: History of Education in Carroll County by R. W. Bevarly, p.66]. There were three schools in 1880. In 1881 there were 226 students in the four colored schools [source: Bevarly, p.50]. In 1882 there were 268 students in the schools located in Carrollton, Ghent, Above Ghent, and Liberty Station [source: Bevarly, p.51]. There were five colored school districts in 1885: No.1 Carrollton, No.2. Ghent, No.3 Lynan Craigs, No.4 Sanders, and No.5 Worthville [source: Bevarly, p.30]. All of the schools were under the county school board with the largest colored school in Carrollton and James K. Polk was the teacher. Polk was a graduate of Gaines High School in Cincinnati, OH [source: Bevarly, p.66]. He taught at the colored school for one year and was replaced by J. E. Jackson, and in 1889 Jackson was replaced by Fred W. Burch, also a graduate of Gaines High School. There continued to be five colored schools in Carroll County until 1900 when there was six, and by 1933, there were two [source: Bevarly, p.94]. Dunbar Colored School, in Carrollton, was a brick building and was under the city school board, Bessie Whitacker was the teacher and had a monthly salary of $69, while her husband Dudley Whitacker had a salary of $75 for teaching at the Ghent Colored School that was held in a rented building that was in poor condition [source: Bevarly, p.94]. After WWII, a new colored school building was constructed in Ghent and it served as the county school for all African American children. There was never a colored high school in Carroll County, and the city and the county provided transportation for high school students attending Lincoln Institute [source: A History of Carroll County, Kentucky: containing facts before and after 1754 by M. A. Gentry, p.53]. The school systems of Carroll County began to integrate in the 1960s, starting with the first grade students [source: "Schools due to integrate at Carrollton," Louisville Courier-Journal, 04/22/1961].
- Carrollton School
- Dunbar School
- Ghent School
- Above Gent School
- Lynan Craigs School
- Sanders School
- Worthville School
- Liberty Station School
Subjects: Education and Educators, Grade Schools & High Schools in Kentucky, African American Schools in Kentucky (Counties A-Z)
Geographic Region: Carroll County, Kentucky


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Mechanics: Circular Motion and Gravitation
Circular Motion and Gravitation: Audio Guided Solution
A loop de loop track is built for a 938-kg car. It is a completely circular loop - 14.2 m tall at its highest point. The driver successfully completes the loop with an entry speed (at the bottom) of 22.1 m/s.
a. Using energy conservation, determine the speed of the car at the top of the loop.
b. Determine the acceleration of the car at the top of the loop.
c. Determine the normal force acting upon the car at the top of the loop.
Audio Guided Solution
Click to show or hide the answer!
b. 30. m/s/s
c. 1.9 x 104 N
Habits of an Effective Problem Solver
- Read the problem carefully and develop a mental picture of the physical situation. If necessary, sketch a simple diagram of the physical situation to help you visualize it.
- Identify the known and unknown quantities in an organized manner. Equate given values to the symbols used to represent the corresponding quantity - e.g., m = 61.7 kg, v= 18.5 m/s, R = 30.9 m, Fnorm =???.
- Use physics formulas and conceptual reasoning to plot a strategy for solving for the unknown quantity.
- Identify the appropriate formula(s) to use.
- Perform substitutions and algebraic manipulations in order to solve for the unknown quantity.
Read About It!
Get more information on the topic of Circular Motion and Gravitation at The Physics Classroom Tutorial.
- Mathematics of Circular Motion
- Newton's Second Law - Revisited
- Situations Involving Energy Conservation
Return to Problem Set
Return to Overview


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Doppler shift in order to 'weigh' the transiting object and distinguish between the two possibilities. The analysis of the Doppler shift allows the planetary nature of the transiting companion to be secured and its true mass to be determined. Combined with the radius determination, it provides the density of the planet, which is crucial information for the study of internal structure of exoplanets.
The SuperWASP facility consists of: Solid State Detectors (CCDs) from Andor Technology (Belfast); Canon Optics; Optical Mechanical Inc. Robotic Mount; Customised Enclosure by Jeremy Rainford of Gendall Rainford Products (Cornwall); Liebert Hiross Air-conditioning; GPS Time service by Garmin; Lightning protection equipment by Farrell Engineering (Dublin); Computing by Dell, 3Com and APC. Further technical details can be found at the project homepage.


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What was the Sugar Act and why did it upset the American colonists so much?
The Sugar Act of 1764 was a law that was intended to make money for the British government. The Sugar Act put a tax on sugar, molasses, and wine. If colonists bought any of these products from the British West Indies [Jamaica and other islands in the Caribbean], then they would have to pay this tax. The colonists imported a good deal of these products; molasses was and important part of the Triangular Trade. This type of tax was nothing new and issues it raised were not really about money. The colonists paid the tax and it raised more money than all other taxes. The way the Sugar Act was imposed and enforced were the real issues that upset the colonists.
The Sugar Act took away our right to a jury trial. The signing of the Magna Charta in 1215 established the right to a trial by "a jury of your peers" [people like you]. The Sugar Act set up Admiralty Courts to try people accused of buying things from countries other than Britain. These Admiralty Courts were run by the British navy. The Admiralty Courts were set up because the American juries did not treat buying goods from another country as a crime. The whole purpose of a jury trial is that the people on a jury will protect you from being unfairly convicted of a crime by the government. The colonists felt that taking away their right to trial by jury was tyranny [unjust rule]. [The British use of Admiralty Courts is why we have the 6th and 7th Amendments to our Constitution, protecting the right to a jury trial.]
The Sugar Act also raised the issue of unfair taxation. Americans were really the only people who bought sugar from the British West Indies. Therefore, the Sugar Act really only applied to Americans and not to the other British citizens - that was unfair. But what was worse is that the Americans did not get to voice their opinions about this tax - the British government just placed it on them without their consent [agreement].


GDP understates the value of output produced by an economy because it
includes transactions that do not take place in organized markets, such as home cooked meals
B. includes environmental degradation caused by increased output production
C. excludes value added from the underground economy, such as tips taken under the table
D. excludes the value of the wages and benefits of government employee


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Singing Voice Detection, also referred to as Vocal Detection (VD) aims at automatically identifying the regions in a music recording where at least one person sings. It is highly challenging due to the timbral and expressive richness of the human singing voice, as well as the practically endless variety of interfering instrumental accompaniment. Additionally, certain instruments have an inherent risk of being misclassified as vocals due to similarities of the sound production system. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach that is based on our previous work for VD, which is specifically designed to deal with those challenging conditions. The contribution of this work is three-fold: First, we present a new method for VD that passes a compact set of features to an LSTM-RNN classifier that obtains state of the art results. Second, we thoroughly evaluate the proposed method along with related approaches to really probe the weaknesses of the methods. In order to allow for such a thorough evaluation, we make a curated collection of data sets available to the research community. Third, we focus on a specific problem that was not obvious and had not been discussed in the literature so far. The reason for this is precisely because limited evaluations had not revealed this as a problem: the lack of loudness invariance. We will discuss the implications of utilising loudness related features and show that our method successfully deals with this problem due to the specific set of features it uses.
Sprache der Kurzfassung:
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing


text: This paper describes a systematic shape tuning procedure of adaptive structures for MEMS actuator applications. Due to fabrication process variations, MEMS devices can have different shapes with varied deflections. Such shape variations should be corrected for specific applications. As a result, it is necessary to establish a shape tuning procedure. Finite element modeling and optimization approach were used to minimize the shape variations. The procedure integrated Python programming, ABAQUS, and optimization algorithm for engineering applications. It used the powerful Python scripts programming, the vast library of ABAQUS functions, and a robust preexisting optimization algorithm, NLPQL, which provides more efficient, flexible, and systematic tools for optimization problems. Optimization was used in the adaptive structural designs and the shape tuning procedure after the assembly. Using this approach, three bimorph, gold-on-polysilicon, samples with different initial shapes were studied for shape tuning. The shape was characterized by maximum tip deflection resulting from thermo-mechanical deformations. The standard deviation of the shape variations was reduced from 1.21 to 0.05 μm after tuning. This reduction was verified by experimental data. Another case with ten devices was studied to confirm the effectiveness of the procedure. The standard deviation of the deflections was reduced from 0.81 to 0.02 μm after tuning. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the optimum procedure for shape tuning. This general-purpose systematic methodology can be applied to adaptive structures for a variety of aerospace applications.


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You can add more videos later to a certain YouTube playlist. All you have to do is press the 'Add videos' button and then select your videos on the aforementioned dialogue box. You can even edit a Playlist, like changing its name, order of the videos, add or change description etc. Just watch the following short video to learn to change order of videos.
change order of videos in a playlist
There's another shortcut way to move a video either to top or bottom. Actually, to the right of each video in a YouTube playlist, there's a 'More' button and a cross button right above its duration. These two buttons normally don't show, they show only while you hover over them. Click on the 'more' button to move a video to the top or the bottom. You can also use the cross button to get a video off the YouTube playlist.
Add a video to multiple playlists
You can actually add any video to multiple playlists on your channel. I am talking about the non-time-consuming way. Surely you can visit the 'playlists' page to edit any playlist(s) individually and add a certain video manually. But that would be a time-consuming matter. What I am going to show you now could be called the 'shortcut way'. It's described below.
First of all you need to click on the 'Edit' option of the particular video while you're on video manager. To the lower-right of the page you'll see the option to '+Add to playlist'. Just click on it, you'll see the list of all the created playlists on your channel. Check the boxes next to playlists you want to add the video to. You will also see an option to create a playlist right there and then. Create a new YouTube playlist if needed. After creating it, you can add the video to it by checking the associating box. Well, whatever changes you made here, be sure to hit the blue 'Save' button at last. The while procedure is shown in the following short video.
adding a video to multiple playlists and creating a new playlist
Download a YouTube playlist by YTD
Now that we have talked about how to create and edit a YouTube playlist, let's learn how to download one. There might be many ways to do that, but I prefer to use YTD in this case. When you put the url of a playlist in YTD to download, you may see the following warning/confirmation:
download a youtube playlist through YTD
If you hit the 'Yes' button, then the whole playlist will start to be downloaded. Upon hitting the 'No' button only the first video of the YouTube playlist will be downloaded. Also while downloading a single video from a playlist, be careful. Suppose you were watching all the videos in a YouTube playlist and suddenly you felt the urge of downloading a single video from the middle of the list. If you copy its link and then paste on YTD, then the above warning sign may appear. If you're going to download a single video, then be sure to hit the 'No' button. To know more about YTD video downloader, here's a nice article for you:
YTD video downloader: Learn how to use that properly
Promote YouTube channel through the use of a blog: Have bigger watch time and earnings
If you promote YouTube channel through the use of an established or semi-established blog, you could have some excellent privileges which you would not have in case of promotion by a social media site like Facebook. The privileges or advantages are that you're likely to have greater watch time and hence the possibility of bigger earnings from your channel.
You know when you share your YouTube videos on Facebook, people hardly care about them, unless you own a popular Facebook profile or page having a lot of regular and dedicated followers. When your Facebook friends or random visitors to your timeline click on those videos to watch them, it is likely that they won't watch your full video. In most cases, they will watch only for 1 or 2 minutes, unless the video content is really exquisite.
Use a blog to promote youtube channel
If you're able to use a blog to promote YouTube channel, then it might be a great idea to do that. This blog could be yours or someone else's. In case you don't have an established blog of yourself, find someone who has. Request them to embed your YouTube videos into the articles of their blog. If needed, be prepared to pay them an amount as if you're about to put ads on their site. Just make sure that your videos have content that is relevant to that blog. For example you can embed a video with title 'How to apply for AdSense' in an article that describes 'Things you should know about AdSense'.
This embedding of your videos into their blog/site will help you promote YouTube channel to a great extent. As previously mentioned, this way you're going to have a bigger watch time on your videos. As a result your videos content will be considered great and hence YouTube's AI will choose to promote your channel quickly.
The difference between blog readers and Facebook visitors
I don't mean that a person who is a blog reader can't be a Facebook visitor. The point is that while you're on Facebook, your mood is totally different compared to that while reading a blog. While on Facebook, you're likely in a casual mode. When people are in this mood, they don't prefer to watch some serious tutorial videos.
Let's face it, they don't browse Facebook to watch videos in the first place, do they? While Facebook's and Twitter's news feed is so full of interesting images and stories, why would people prefer to watch YouTube videos there? Even if they click on a video, they may not watch it for an extended time. That's why no matter how funny and interesting your videos are, they don't get the appreciation they deserve on social media sites. The result is that you have a poor watch time on your YouTube videos and your channel keeps struggling to get established.
Watch-time and percentage watch-time: Know the importance
Come to know why your channel might be stuck with no success
Unless your channel has a good recent average watch time, YouTube's automated system may not choose to take it to the next level. So you had better find a blog or a serious platform like this to promote YouTube channel.
Also you should know that your YouTube earnings are kind of proportional to your watch time. It also depends on which countries the viewers are mostly from. If you can't have majority of your viewers from countries like US, UK, Canada etc. because of your video content or language, that's one thing you have to take for granted. It means you can do nothing about it, unless you change your video content and/or niche and start using a first world language.
But by putting your videos on a blog or a serious platform like this you pave the way to enhance your channel's average watch time and hence the possibility of bigger earnings, compared to other new YouTubers who promote YouTube channel only on Facebook, Twitter and Google+.
How long have I been thinking about this kind of promotion?
I have been thinking about the 'promote youtube channel by a blog' thing for quite a long time now, almost one and a half years. In 2016, YouTubing (earning through uploading videos on YouTube) was kind of easy. Once one of my channels was terminated, I easily created another channel and started my activities on that. It took me only 10-15 days to establish a channel back then. Here 'establish' means to have sufficient number of views and earnings (you know once YouTube earnings start like $10-$20 per day, it's satisfactory for most new YouTubers).
But I was surprised to find that some people didn't need to take even 10-15 days to have their channel established. It looked like they established their YouTube channel overnight. I was wondering as to how that was possible. Then I started scrutinizing their channel. On its homepage I saw the link to their blog. I found that their blog/site was well established and it had existed for a long time then. Naturally blogs like this could have thousands of subscribers and followers. Some of these visitors may surely choose to watch the YouTube videos that are embedded on the site. And they do it for an extended period of time, because they're surely in a serious mode and not in a hurry anyway.
Will these high watch time videos be ever suggested on YouTube's watch page?
Now you might ask a question as to whether these high watch time videos will ever be suggested on YouTube's watch page or featured on its homepage. The answer is – they sure might be. If a channel has many videos all with high watch time, YouTube's artificial intelligence will surely at a point decide to promote that channel. It will then present its videos to viewers who like to watch similar content. This will be done by featuring the videos on these people's YouTube homepage, even by suggesting them on their YouTube watch page.
The viewers have nevertheless the option to mark the videos as 'Not interested', but they are not likely to. This is because Youtube features and suggests videos from various channels based on your watch history. I have found some people complaining that an 18+ or adult video was suggested to them by YouTube automated system. And they claim that they never watched such video previously on YouTube. Well, surely they're not speaking 100% truth. They must have previously watched at least one video which had similar content. (This article describes how to promote YouTube channel by a blog)
Now take my blog and YouTube videos for example.
Recently I have created a new YouTube channel where I have been uploading videos on YouTubing. The purpose of these videos is to present the content of my


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Grasses suppress shoot-borne roots to conserve water during drought.
Many important crops are members of the Poaceae family, which develop root systems characterized by a high degree of root initiation from the belowground basal nodes of the shoot, termed the crown. Although this postembryonic shoot-borne root system represents the major conduit for water uptake, little is known about the effect of water availability on its development. Here we demonstrate that in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis, the crown locally senses water availability and suppresses postemergence crown root growth under a water deficit. This response was observed in field and growth room environments and in all grass species tested. Luminescence-based imaging of root systems grown in soil-like media revealed a shift in root growth from crown-derived to primary root-derived branches, suggesting that primary root-dominated architecture can be induced in S. viridis under certain stress conditions. Crown roots of Zea mays and Setaria italica, domesticated relatives of teosinte and S. viridis, respectively, show reduced sensitivity to water deficit, suggesting that this response might have been influenced by human selection. Enhanced water status of maize mutants lacking crown roots suggests that under a water deficit, stronger suppression of crown roots actually may benefit crop productivity.
Full Text Here


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I was visiting my sister in Baltimore over the weekend when I saw this really cool lighthouse known as the Seven Foot Knoll. Obviously, it is not in use anymore and has been moved to shore to preserve it as a historical sight, but it used to sit out in the water at the mouth of the Patapsco River. When the lighthouse was in use the light keeper and his family had to live inside of it for long periods of time because there wasn't any easy access to land. They would take everything they needed out with them, including livestock and food supplies. For drinking water the lighthouse funneled rainwater from the roof into 2 large cisterns.
The biggest problem with collecting the rainwater from the roof was the lead that was washed into the cistern with it. Salt spray from the ocean caused the lead roof of the lighthouse to corrode so when it rained the lead mixed with fresh rainwater and contaminated the cistern. Lead is highly toxic and is one of the contaminants that you really don't want in your drinking water. To neutralize the lead they added powdered chalk to the collected water. Fortunately, modern filters are far more effective at reducing lead, but in 1902 it was a standard practice for the light keeper and his family to add chalk to the water.


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Objective: At present geriatrics has not been fully established as a speciality in India and Rajasthan. The problems associated with the ageing of the population are that of absence of facilities of medical treatment and providing economic and social support. Hence, information on morbidity profile of the population is essential for planning its health care facilities. Therefore, the present study was undertaken on the morbidity pattern among geriatric population in the field practice area of RHTC, Achrol. Material and method: The present study is a community based cross-sectional study. Study population included all the elderly persons of 60 years and above age group, residing in the field practice area of RHTC Achrol. Result: This study showed that almost half of the elderly i.e. 47.7% had normal gait & stability and out of them majority i.e. 85.3% belonged to 60 to 64 years of age group, while the proportion of elderly having normal but slow and limited physical activity was found to increase significantly (p<0.05) with age i.e. from 14.8% & 0.0% respectively in age group 60 to 64 years to 42.8% and 57.1% respectively in >80 age group. Conclusion: It was found that higher proportion of females i.e. 53.6% than males i.e. 51.4% had gait disturbances (p>0.05).
Key words: Geriatrics, Morbidity Pattern, IADL, ADL, India.


希望理論からみたグローバル人材育成者の教育観How can Hope Theory help Japanese professional educators produce globally competent human resources?鈴木, 繁夫Suzuki, Shigeoグローバル人材希望理論ユニバーサル段階大学教育Global human resourcesHope theoryUniversal accessCollege educationThe Japanese buzz word Gurobaru-jinzai has been popular, particularly in the economic and the educational sectors, since 2010 in Japan. Without any serious awareness of the differences between globalization and globalism, the word is frequently used to represent globally competent Japanese people capable of working in any foreign country. Several highly-motivated educators have initiated programs suitable for producing this type of employee at the higher educational level, withstanding the harsh surroundings of unsympathetic colleagues, less motivated students, and lenient school administrators. What continues to energize the educators is in part an optimism anchored in positive psychology, but the most important factor is that mindset conceptualized through hope theory: a cognitive set of beliefs in outcome value, goal-directed determination, and mental flexibility in planning how to attain goals. These educators' hope, as the source of their professional energy, is resonating with the demand from the economic and the educational spheres.名古屋大学人文学研究科2018-03-31jpndepartmental bulletin paperhttps://doi.org/10.18999/jouhunu.1.31http://hdl.handle.net/2237/00028171https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/_PHONE_.18999/jouhunu.1.312433-233X名古屋大学人文学研究論集13153https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/25966/files/jouhunu_1_5.pdfapplication/pdf752.2 kB2018-05-18


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GET /manage/v2/databases/{id|name}/temporal/collections/lsqt/properties?collection={name}
This resource address returns the LSQT properties for the specified temporal collection. A value of true indicates that LSQT is enabled, false indicates that LSQT is disabled.
URL Parameters
collection The name of the collection.
format The format of the returned data. Can be either json or xml (default). This value overrides the Accept header if both are present.
Request Headers
Response Headers
Upon success, MarkLogic Server returns status code 200 (OK), and the response body contains the requested data. A status code of 401 (Unauthorized) is returned if the user does not have the necessary privileges. A status code of 404 (no such collection) is returned if the collection does not exist.
Required Privileges
This operation requires the temporal-admin role, or the following privilege:
Usage Notes
Enable lsqt behaviour on temporal collection in context database
Enable automation and set automation period & lag.
==> Returns the LSQT properties of the collection, "mycollection," from
 the Documents database.


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The Jewel Tower, or 'King's Privy Wardrobe', was built c.1365 to house Edward III's treasures. One of only two buildings of the original Palace of Westminster to survive the fire of 1834, the tower features a 14th-century ribbed vault. It displays Parliament Past and Present, a fascinating exhibition about the history of Parliament.
The second floor now includes illustrated panels, telling the story of this small but important building.
It also contains a case holding a few of the old Imperial Weights and Measures as the Jewel Tower was home to the Weights and Measures Office between 1869 and 1938. The centrepiece of the display is eleven bronze measures from 1/4 gill to one bushel all dated between 1883 and 1895. There are also three George IV (1824) measures for one pint, a quart and a gallon.
Other items in the case include a case of apothecary's measures pipettes and standards for one cubic inch, a Troy pound, a 2lb weight and the very tiny grain weights in their original wooden box. More items of interest on this floor include various items that have been retrieved from our moat over the years, including wine bottles, a bowl and some jars. The Palace of Westminster sword can also been seen, which dates back to the early 9th century and was discovered during renovations just after the Second World War.
The remains of a moat and medieval quay are still visible outside.
Abingdon Street, Westminster, London, SW1P 3JX
Tel: _PHONE_ 2219
Times: April – October, daily, 10.00 – 17.00
November – March, Saturday & Sunday, 10.00 – 16.00


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piSignage has multiple audio capabilities and is used in number of different applications.
- Audio source - Audio files of format MP3 or AAC, MP4 video can be uploaded. Audio streams such as Shoutcast, Internet Radio can be added as Streaming link. For more details refer to support article.
- Background Music - Audio file or stream can be selected to play in background by selecting "play in background" checkbox next to the music asset. The background music can be for slideshow of images or as a audio for the video files which are muted.
- Lounge Music - While piSignage is used for signage applications, lounge music can be provided from the 3.5mm aux port. This is done by adding mp3 files to a playlist and set the type of playlist as audio playlist. The audio playlist is then added to the Group and scheduled as needed.
- Selection of Audio from other zone videos - By selecting mute option for the main zone video, other zone audio or background music can be played. The order of audio selection is Main > Side > Bottom > Background Audio
- Volume can be selected under Group settings in terms of percentage of full volume.
- Same Audio is played on both HDMI and aux ports unless Lounge music option is selected.


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Two years Post Doc Opportunity at the University of Liege
Research fields: Geophysics – Soil physics – Agrogeophysics
Keywords: Dynamic process imaging – electrical resistivity tomography – electromagnetic induction – monitoring – pedophysics
Career Stage: Post-doctoral researcher
Position length: two years
The project CHAR focuses on the responses of cropping systems to the variations of pedological and hydraulic soil properties induced by charcoal accumulation over more than 150 years.
The system is analogue to biochar (a carbon rich solid phase produced by pyrolysis) accumulation, a soil amendment whose long-term impacts on the soil-plant system are yet to be investigated.
The project targets multiple charcoal-enriched soil spots and their adjacent reference soils. As such, we will be able to study the long-term response of the soil-plant system to charcoal enrichment.
The project is a multidisciplinary research project bringing together remote sensing, soil chemistry, soil physics and geophysics in a team of 8 persons.
Scientific research interaction:
There will be strong collaboration between the various researchers in the project CHAR.
Objectives: To use geophysical methods such as ERT/IP and EMI to assess the spatio-temporal patterns of soil hydraulic properties and root water uptake and their relationship to charcoal enrichment (supervised by Profs. F. Nguyen and S. Garré).
A PhD degree in applied geophysics (near-surface, hydroor agro-geophysics), with a strong background (Ms) in geophysics, physics, soil, engineering, applied mathematics or related discipline.
A strong background in physics or geophysics, applied mathematics, and numerical methods together with field experience is an asset.
Interest in soil science and agriculture is a plus. The candidate is expected to have several publications as first author in peer-reviewed international journals.
At the time of selection, researchers must not have resided or carried out their main activity (work, studies, etc.) in Belgium for more than 24 months in the 3 years immediately prior to their recruitment.
Short stays, such as holidays, are not taken into account.
Working language: English
Interested candidates should send a CV, a motivation letter and the names and addresses of two referees before the end of February 2019 by e-mail to Frederic Nguyen (_EMAIL_).
Feel free to contact us (_EMAIL_ (Coordinator), _EMAIL_ (promoter), _EMAIL_ (promoter)) for specific questions prior to submitting your application.
Looking forward to receiving your application, Sarah Garré, Frédéric Nguyen, Bernard Tychon and Jean-Thomas Cornelis
For more information on the University, follow this link:


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Below you can find a list of general purpose utilities.
This command validates that given program is available for execution. It checks for PATH binaries, functions, and builtins. It returns zero exit code if a
command exists and non-zero code otherwise.
You can use this utility to check if some program is installed and perform actions conditionally. For example, you can either return an error and exit or continue script's execution. For example:
# Check multiple commands for existing if spaceship::exists nvm; then # extract nvm version elif spaceship::exists node; then # extract node version else return fi # Do nothing if docker is not installed spaceship::exists docker || return
The same as
spaceship::exists, but for functions. It returns zero exit code if a
function has been defined previously and non-zero if
You can use this utility to check if a user has previously defined a function or not. For example:
# Check if section has been defined if spaceship::defined spaceship_section; then spaceship_section else # section is not found fi
This utility returns zero exit code if a current working directory is a Git repository and non-zero if it's not. For example:
# Return if current directory is not a git repository spaceship::is_git || return
The same as
spaceship::is_git, but for Mercurial repositories. This utility returns zero exit code if a current working directory is a Mercurial repository and non-zero if it's not.
# Return if current directory is not a Mercurial repository spaceship::is_hg || return
Checks if a section is asynchronous or not by checking
SPACESHIP__ASYNC option. This utility returns zero exit code if a section is asynchronous and non-zero if it's not.
SPACESHIP_PROMPT_ASYNC is set to
false, then all sections are considered to be synchronous.
sectionRequired — a section to be checked.
Some sections are always synchronous, not matter what, to ensure correct work of the prompt. Those are:
Checks if the prompt works in asynchronous mode or not. This utility returns zero exit code if the prompt works in asynchronous mode and non-zero if it's not.
SPACESHIP_PROMPT_ASYNC is set to
zsh-async is loaded.
This utility checks if
option variable is set and if it is, prints the
message supports escapes to set foreground color, background color and other visual effects.
spaceship::deprecated [message]
optionRequired — the name of a deprecated variable. If this variable is set (contains any value), then
"%B$deprecated%b is deprecated.will be printed.
%bis escapes to set the bold style for text.
messageOptional — a string for additional deprecation message. Can contain prompt expansions.
Read more about escapes in Prompt Expansion section of Zsh documentation.
Here's an example of usage:
# Check if SPACESHIP_BATTERY_ALWAYS_SHOW is set spaceship::deprecated SPACESHIP_BATTERY_ALWAYS_SHOW "Use %BSPACESHIP_BATTERY_SHOW='always'%b instead." #> SPACESHIP_BATTERY_ALWAYS_SHOW is deprecated. Use SPACESHIP_BATTERY_SHOW='always' instead.
This utility converts
seconds into a human-readable format. It splits
seconds into days (
d), hours (
h), minutes (
m) and seconds (
spaceship::displaytime [precision]
secondsRequired — seconds for conversion into the readable format.
precisionOptional — precision of the output. Default value is
The usage example looks like this:
spaceship::displaytime 123456 #> 1d 10h 17m 36.0s paceship::displaytime 123.45 2 #> 2m 3.45s
A utility for performing a union (intersection) of arrays. It lists the contents found in two or more arrays.
Spaceship uses this utility internally for resolution of sections that need to be sourced.
spaceship::union
arr...— a list of arrays.
Here is an example:
arr1=('a' 'b' 'c') arr2=('b' 'c' 'd') arr3=('c' 'd' 'e') spaceship::union $arr1 $arr2 $arr3 #> a b c d e
Performs an upward search for a specific file or directory. Returns the path of the first found file or directory. Goes upwards up to the repository or system root directory. Useful for understanding the context of a current directory.
spaceship::upsearch [--silent]
paths...Required — a list of paths to search.
-sOptional — if set, then the utility will return zero exit code, if at least one of
pathsis found and non-zero, if not.
This can be used for detecting project context or finding a specific file upwards.
# Understanding the project context spaceship::upsearch -s package.json node_modules && echo "Node project detected." # Finding a specific file upwards spaceship::upsearch package.json #> /path/to/project/package.json
This utility queries data files for a specific key. It returns the value of the key. Exits with non-zero code when the file type is unknown, data cannot be read, or the key is not found.
spaceship::datafile -- [key]
--typeRequired — a type of the data file. Can be
fileRequired — a path to the data file.
keyOptional — a key to query within a data file.
You can use this utility to query data from a data file:
spaceship::datafile --json package.json "author.name" #> "John Doe"
It needs the following tools for reading data files:
- JSON —
- YAML —
- TOML —
- XML —
The most universal solution for reading data files is to use


text:
A new editorial in PLoS medicine suggests five ways how trust in publications can be reestablished:
First, editors themselves should recognize and declare their own competing interests.
Second, noncommercial interests held by editors, reviewers, and authors (such as personal relationships, rivalries, lobbyist activities) must be acknowledged and declared […]
Third, the issue of ghostwriting of scientific papers must be tackled, particularly when it involves studies on drugs and devicesâ€"the editors propose that journals develop detailed authorship policies in order to combat ghostwriting.
Fourth, mechanisms to control outcome reporting bias should be developed, including requiring copies of study protocols and comparing them against submitted papers.
Finally, editors should â€œ…base their decisions on the importance of the underlying research question, and not on the headline potential of actual resultsâ€ in order to prevent reporting bias.
So, that's a good starting point for editors – but what are the five ways to five ways for authors to reestablish trust in publication?


text:
Helping people with computers... one answer at a time.
If you have speech recognition always enabled it can cause your computer to "go nuts" because of the different sounds it interprets as actual words.
My computer behaves erroneously frequently. It suddenly closes all IE browser windows, opens start menu and repeats this process. OS: Windows XP. In the task manager I saw "sapisvr.exe" during this process sometimes, not all the time.
It's a really weird thing to watch - it's almost like your computer has suddenly become possessed. But the question holds a clue: sapisvr.exe.
Chances are, though, the computer is really only doing what you're telling it.
Sapisvr.exe is Microsoft's Speech Recognition engine. When enabled, it listens to what's coming in on the microphone and attempts to interpret what it hears as words, then enters keystrokes to "type in" those words it heard.
That's nice, in principle, but if it's always enabled it can cause exactly the odd behavior you describe. You make a noise (just about any noise can cause it to think it's heard a word), and keystrokes get entered. Or ambient noise is enough to cause it to try to recognize speech.
Normally this feature should be disabled, but apparently some PC manufacturers or others enable it by default.
Go to Control Panel
Click on Regional and Language Options
Click on the Languages tab
Click on the Details button
Click on Speech Recognition
Click the Remove button
And if you're wondering why this could be happening if you don't have a microphone, look again. Many laptops in particular have built-in microphones, and I'm lead to believe that some other computers may as well.


text:
a closer look at the inverse ellc plot. The inverse means that I successively remove the lowest separation data point in the set and recalculate the max_probability and its corresponding ellc. So the left-most point on the graph represents the ENTIRE dataset, and therefore should equal the right-most point on the NORMAL martin graph. (which it does)
contour plots at varying max-sep
this is the normal contour plot, for all data
this contour shows what the probabilities are when the maximum separation in the data set is 10kpc. this ammounts to roughly 60 total data points.


text:
PIAB Vacuum Conveyors, located in Hingham, Mass., offers advanced testing at its vacuum conveyor laboratory. The state-of-the-art testing facility allows users to test the process in which they will move their powder, granule, or fluid samples.
The vacuum conveyor testing facility is especially designed for engineers in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries — who deal with materials that are often health impairing and/or sensitive to humidity and contamination. Testing in the laboratory ensures that their material can be conveyed safely, hygienically, quietly, and efficiently.
PIAB engineers assess conveying characteristics over various vertical and horizontal distances and provide users with a computer-generated analysis of volume conveyed per hour or minute over a given distance. This detailed report allows users to be certain that vacuum cycle time and energy consumption are effective.
Based on the user's specifications, PIAB guarantees the testing results. If the user chooses to attend the testing, all charges are waived; otherwise a $250 fee is assessed. Examples of materials that are tested include aluminum oxide, soya flour, nickel powder, manganese dioxide, coffee beans, peas, and penicillin.


A novel species isolated from Queen Maud Land, Antarctica
Scanning electron micrograph of Marisediminicola senii
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, which is beautifully covered by snow and ice. It is coldest continent with extreme environmental conditions. Antarctica was once thought to be frozen and lifeless, and is now known for its biodiversity where microbial life is thriving. Its important to understand the microbial diversity on this continent as microorganisms play an important role in the functioning of Antarctic ecosystems. A type strain was isolated from glacier sediment sample collected from the Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, during the 38th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica in 2019. Research group of Dr. Avinash Sharma at NCMR-NCCS Pune studied the characteristics of the isolated strain.
Dr. Avinash Sharma collecting sample at Antarctica
Distinguishing characteristics based on the polyphasic analysis indicated the strain as a novel species of genus Marisediminicola for which the name Marisediminicola senii sp. nov., is proposed. The strain is named as Marisediminicola senii in the honor of late Mr. Subhajit Sen, a researcher from India who lost his life in an accident during the 37th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica in 2017. Mr. Sen's research in Antarctica was focused on fabric analysis of glacial deposits.
Marisediminicola senii sp. nov., with accession number MCC 4327 (Type strain) is now stored at NCMR along with other approximately two lakh microbes. The National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR) has an authorization to preserve and catalogue the diversity of microorganisms collected from various ecological niches in India and to make them available for research use.
Reference: _URL_
A novel species isolated from a bacterial consortia of contaminated soil enriched for the remediation of e-waste
The genus Pseudomonas is widespread and has been reported to occur in diverse ecological niches. Members of the genus Pseudomonas are metabolically versatile and harbor various biotechnologically important properties. Pseudomonas sesami is reported to have plant growth-promoting activity. Strains of Pseudomonas produce thermotolerant proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes which result in food spoilage. Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas furukawaii, Pseudomonas knackmussii and many other pseudomonads have been reported for the remediation of xenobiotic compounds. In the present study, researchers at NCMR-NCCS Pune report the detailed characterization of a Pseudomonas strain, which was isolated from soil samples from Lalkuan, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. The strain was found to be part of the bacterial consortia obtained for developing remediation of e-waste.
The strain was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Colonies are L-form with entire margins, creamy color, umbonate elevation and non-mucoid. Cell can tolerate up to 3% salinity. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence the strain belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and showed highest sequence similarity to Pseudomonas furukawaii followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas resinovorans. The G+C content in the genome was 64.24mol%. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain forms a distinct clade in the family Pseudomonadaceae. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis, including overall genome relatedness index values, indicated that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas lalkuanensis sp. nov. is proposed.
The cells of the strain were motile as observed by using the hanging drop method. The oxidase and catalase activities were investigated using an oxidase disc and observing bubble production. The phylogenetic analysis showed that strain formed a separate clade with P. resinovorans keeping P. furukawaii and P. aeruginosa in an outer clade with strong bootstrap support. This phylogenetic analysis reveals that the strain is phylogenetically distinct from P. furukawaii and P. resinovorans. The orthoANI and dDDH values of the strain were clearly below the thresholds for the proposal of novel prokaryotic species indicating that the strain belongs to a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas.
Novel nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the root nodules of the Pea plant
Rhizobia is a large group of bacteria developing symbiotic relation with their host plants by forming root nodules and fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The bacteria belonging to this group are important from agriculture and environmental perspective. Three strains of rhizobia were collected from Indian Trans-Himalaya region, isolated from root nodules of Pea plant. The characterization was done using 16S rRNA, atpD and recA genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, isolated strains showed ≥99.9% sequence similarity to the members within the Rhizobium leguminosarum group. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of atpD, recA and 92 core genes indicated that two of the three strains were closely related to the group Rlaguerreae while one strain was closely related to the Rhidalgonense group. Two strains closely related to the group R. laguerreae have 60.8 mol% of DNA G+C content. Based on characterization studies, these two strains represent a novel species, Rhizobium indicum sp.nov. The study provided a detailed taxonomic species description of these novel species.
The nodC and nifH genes play an important role in nodulation and nitrogen fixation respectively. These genes were amplified for all three strains which confirmed their genetic potential for symbiosis. All three strains have nodC gene sequence similar to the strains of Rhizobium leguminasarum that belong to the symbiovar viciae and isolated from different countries.
Genome studies revealed that the complete genome, chromosome and plasmids of these strains are comparable in size to the other strains of Rhizobium leguminasarum. Researchers also examined the genome sequences of the two strains to identify the compliment of nod genes in these strains. Both strains contained a cluster of 12 nod genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both these strains are closely related to Rhizobium laguerreae followed by Rruizarguesonis and R. leguminosarum.
Morphological analysis revealed that the strains are rod-shaped, gram-negative and motile. Colonies were translucent, cream-white and convex. A total of 20 different cellular fatty acids in different quantities were detected in these three strains. Overall, the fatty acid compositions of the newly isolated strains were identical to the type strains of Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium laguerreae and Rhizobium ecuadorense, with differences in their proportions. The strain were positive for oxidase and catalase.
To conclude, both the novel strains are closely related to each other and can be differentiated from other species of the genus Rhizobium by their housekeeping gene sequences, ANI values, genome nucleotide analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features.
Reference: _URL_
Description of a novel species isolated from the surface of tomato
-By Kranti Karande
A new bacterial strain designated as TOUT106T was isolated from the tomato surface. Though there were many bacterial species isolated from various fruits and vegetables like sweet potato, banana, tomato, lettuce and cucumber, TOUT106T was found to represent a novel species. This study was aimed at providing a detailed taxonomic description of this novel strain TOUT106T isolated from tomato surface. A novel strain is a micro organism which hasn't been identified earlier.
The strain was isolated by washing the outer surface of a tomato collected from a local vegetable market in Pune, India. Colonies grown on a trypticase soy agar turned out to be 1-3 mm in diameter, circular, raised with an entire margin, and translucent opacity. The identification was done using MALDI-TOF MS technique. After extracting high quality genomic DNA from the strain, the 16s rRNA sequence was amplified. The similarity search for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TOUT106T was performed against the type strains of prokaryotic species in the EzBioCloud's database.
Genome sequencing was performed and from the concatenated sequences of 92 core genes extracted, a possible phylogenetic tree was inferred. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) was determined between strain TOUT106T and closely related strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Analysis of chemotaxonomic features (based on fatty acids and cell proteins)was done after harvesting cell biomass from culture grown on TSA at 28°C. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method. The susceptibility to antibiotics was interpreted based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines determined for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae
A search of the 16S rRNA gene sequence


text:
Francis William Kellogg (May 30, 1810-January 13, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan and Alabama.
Kellogg was born in Worthington, Massachusetts and attended the common schools. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1833 and then to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1855 where he engaged in the lumber business with the firm Kellogg, White & Co. at Kelloggville (which was named after him) in Kent County, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives in 1857 and 1858.
Kellogg was elected from Michigan as a Republican to United States House of Representatives for the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1865. During the American Civil War, he organized the Second, Third, and Sixth Regiments by authority of the United States Department of War and was appointed colonel of the Third Regiment. He was appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson as collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Alabama on April 30, 1866, and served until July 1868, residing in Mobile, Alabama.
Upon the readmission of Alabama to the Union, Kellogg was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress, serving from July 22, 1868, to March 3, 1869. He then moved to New York City and later to Alliance, Ohio, where he died. He is interred in Fulton Street Cemetery in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.


Patreon Microfiction: Reasonable Realignment of Resources.
'Reasonable Realignment of Resources' illustrates the great question of draconic-human interactions in medieval societies: why does the king particularly care if the burden of having a local dragon is merely that she eats a cow every week or so? He has plenty of cows. Of course, if the dragon is a wild beast otherwise, it's still a problem. But if she can demonstrate language and self-restraint, well… there are opportunities, there.


text:
Villanova Launches Sustainable Engineering Research Center
The new center of research will aim to bring concepts of sustainability within the study and practice of engineering to life.
Villanova's College of Engineering has launched a new center of research that brings concepts of sustainability within the study and practice of engineering to life. The new Villanova Center for the Advancement of Sustainability in Engineering (VCASE) will house multi-disciplinary research and teaching in a number of emerging areas and seeks to protect and restore the environment through the systems-based integration of sustainability principles into engineering solutions.
"In the 21st century, engineering innovations will be judged not only on how effectively they solve a particular problem, but also on the net impact they leave on the planet. The importance of working across disciplines to mitigate that impact, while respecting the complexity of our environment, cannot be overstated," says Dr. Robert Traver, professor of civil and environmental engineering and director of VCASE. Traver is also the director of the Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership and recently served on the National Academy of Sciences panel tapped to review the White House Council on Environmental Quality's proposed revisions to federal principles and guidelines for water resources planning.
VCASE draws together faculty and students from the college's four academic departments (chemical, mechanical, electrical and computer, and civil and environmental), whose research efforts are organized into five main research focus areas:
- Biomass resources and conversion technologies,
- Alternative and renewable energy,
- Environmental sustainability,
- Infrastructure materials and transportation systems, and
- Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership, which has promoted a partnership approach to sustainable stormwater management for more than 10 years
In addition to the college of engineering's laboratories, VCASE student and faculty researchers also leverage Villanova's campus infrastructure, which serves as a living laboratory for conducting real-world experimental studies. The on-campus research sites include: stormwater wetlands; bio-infiltration and bio-retention basins; bio-swale; green roof; geothermal wells; rain barrels; pervious concrete and porous asphalt; and solar panels.
Recent VCASE research initiatives include:
- Continuing studies on the long-term performance of stormwater control measures funded through Pennsylvania's Growing Greener and 319 NonPoint Source Pollution program.
- Converting wastewater byproducts such as fats, oils, and grease into renewable energy sources such as methane gas for the Philadelphia Water Department.
- Design of extremely efficient micro-scale heat exchangers to keep electronics, such as computer chips, cool.
- Three university studies into the science of bioretention funded by The Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology.
- An exploration of how pervious concrete and porous asphalt – both alternatives to conventional paving materials – can reduce negative stormwater runoff effects.
- An investigation of the long-term performance of mature stormwater abatement systems to determine how well they reduce the toxicity of stormwater runoff and how long these systems can properly remove contaminants before maintenance will be required for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
In addition to conducting research, VCASE faculty researchers also host industry and community outreach activities, collaborate across Villanova's other colleges, and build partnerships with other universities, engineering firms, and manufacturing organizations. In addition, VCASE members also serve in a counseling capacity to Villanova's facilities management office as it stewards changes according to the campus master plan. A recent result of this partnership was the retro-fitting of Fedigan Hall, an 80-year-old residence hall, which now boasts green amenities such as geothermal wells, porous asphalt, rain barrels, and rain gardens, among other environmental upgrades.


and Ward (F&W) proposed a statistical grain-size analysis method [Ref: (R.L. Folk, 1957), AR: Soil].
At the core of the method is the conversion of the particle size distribution from millimeters to the phi scale by the following formula:
$$ \phi = -\log_{2}d $$
Followed by the calculation of a set of parameters:
 1. Median: see above. Measured in phi units
 2. Mean: definition as above, however Folk proposed his own formula (R.L. Folk, 1957):
 $$ M_z = \frac{\phi_{16} + \phi_{50} + \phi_{84}}{3} $$ The mean is also measured in phi units and is the most widely used of all the parameters.
 3. Skewness: Measure of the asymmetry of the distribution around its peak. It is determined by the equation:
 $$ sk_1 = \frac{\phi_{16} + \phi_{84} - 2\phi_{50}}{2(\phi_{84} - \phi_{16})} + \frac{\phi_{5} + \phi_{95}-2\phi_{50}}{2(\phi_{95}-\phi_{5})} $$ The skewness is also given in phi units. There are other means of calculating the skewness. However, the formula proposed by Folk also takes the "tails" into consideration. Perfectly symmetrical distributions have a skewness of 0.00. A positive skew represents an increased fine portion ("tail" on the left), while a negative skew indicates a shift to the coarse materials ("tail" on the right). Folk also suggested a classification:
 1. ±0.1 is nearly symmetrical
 2. -0.10 to -0.30 is coarse-skewed and +0.1 to +0.3 is fine-skewed
 3. -0.30 to -1.00 is strongly coarse skewed and +0.3 to +1.0 is strongly fine-skewed.
 4. Kurtosis: Measure of the deviation from the normal (Gaussian) distribution or in other words the "peakedness". The formula proposed by Folk is:
 $$ k_g=\frac{\phi_{95} - \phi_{5}}{2.44(\phi_{75}-\phi_{25})} $$ Kurtosis is measured in phi units as well. It can be used to determine the number of outliers in the sample. A perfectly Gaussian curve has a kurtosis of 1.00 and is also called mesokurtic. If the sample is more sharp-peaked, hence less outliers are present, then the kurtosis is higher than 1.00 and it is called leptokurtic. If the sample curve is more flat-peaked, meaning there are a large number of outliers in the sample, the value is smaller than 1.00. Such a distribution is called platykurtic.
Phi units furthermore have the advantage of providing an easy-to-read scale of size classes for the classification of soil types starting from boulders (ϕ > -8) down to clay (ϕ < 8).
Particle size analysis is a convenient tool for quality control as well as research and development. Through the careful and mindful selection of the right weighting model, mode, and further parameters, it is possible to extract crucial information also in the research and development phase of new products.
Deeper discussions of special sample groups are given here:
Read more about laser diffraction for particle sizing
R.L. Folk, W. W. (1957). Brazos River Bar: A Study in the Significance of Grain Size Parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol 27, No. 1, pp 3-36.


Engage the world
The world continues to change and present challenges and opportunities for us all. LaGrange College is committed to preparing students for these changes by helping them understand other cultures and by promoting Global Engagement.
More than 20 million people speak Spanish in the United States, making it the fifth largest Spanish-speaking country in the world. The Spanish major, the Spanish minor and the Latin American Studies minor (a combination of Spanish language and culture courses) are designed to provide students with a working proficiency of the language and a familiarity with the cultures in which it is spoken, including the 21 countries of Latin America, Spain and parts of Africa.