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American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Showing or marked by proper respect.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Marked or characterized by respect; showing respect: as, respectful deportment.
- Full of outward or formal civility; ceremonious.
- Worthy of respect; receiving respect.
- Synonyms Civil, dutiful, courteous, complaisant, deferential, polite.
- adj. Marked or characterized by respect; as, respectful deportment.
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Marked or characterized by respect.
- adj. feeling or manifesting veneration
- adj. full of or exhibiting respect
- respect + -ful (Wiktionary)
"To this is added a severe rebuke of those who, by what they term respectful silence, pretend to obey the Apostolic"
"DANA BASH, CNN CONGRESSIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Well, you remember, Wolf, right after John McCain effectively clinched the Republican nomination, he said that he wanted all Republicans to run what he calls a respectful campaign."
"But Lou it really is a fine line for McCain because he has set the bar so high for himself when it comes to running what he called a respectful campaign -- Lou."
"The Republic Party is organizing what it calls a respectful opposition rally."
"On the day Obama visits, the party is organizing what it calls a respectful opposition rally in Austin."
"And one was, one -- a woman saying some things about Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, saying, you know, some pretty negative things about them, and actually tried to hand John McCain a doll of Hillary Clinton which he kind of gave to an aide and said -- made the point of saying that it's all fine to have some humor, but wanted to really make the point, as he does many, many times, that he intends to have what he calls a respectful campaign in the fall."
"But if you'd rather accuse me of lying than engage in respectful and intelligent discussion, that's fine."
"As the party was looking on, a Laughing Jackass [kookaburra] sat gazing down in respectful silence, with no desire to show disloyalty by breaking out into a premier chuckle at the rather amusing scene."
"The thing about demanding that our children are always respectful is that we are sending the message that we expect, and believe they are capable of self control, of checking their behavior, of moderating their tone of voice and actions."
"The simplest and most respectful is to do "Namaste" as the Hindus do."
These user-created lists contain the word 'respectful'.
Words ending with -ful
Looking for tweets for respectful.


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Purpose. The long-term efficacy of carotid artery stenting is debated. Predictors of stent restenosis are not fully investigated. Our aim was to assess the incidence of long term restenosis after CAS and to identify some predictors of restenosis. Methods. We retrospectively selected 189 treated patients and we obtained the survival Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival, for freedom from stroke or death and from restenosis. To correlate clinical, radiological, and procedural variables to stent restenosis, an univariate analysis was performed while to determine independent predictors of restenosis, a multivariate analysis was applied. Results. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the cumulative overall survival rate was 98%, 94%, and 92% with a cumulative primary patency rate of 87%, 82.5%, and 82.5%. The percentage residual stenosis after CAS and multiple stents deployment were independent predictors of restenosis, while diabetes and tumors are suggestive but not significant predictors of restenosis. Conclusions. In our CAS experience, encouraging long-term results seem to derive from both neurological event free rate and restenosis incidence. Adequate recanalization of the treated vessel is important to limit the development of stent restenosis. Multiple stents deployment, and with less evidence, diabetes, or neoplasms has to be considered to facilitate restenosis.
|Autori:||Cosottini M; Michelassi MC; Bencivelli W; Lazzarotti G; Picchietti S; Orlandi G; Parenti G; Puglioli M.|
|Titolo:||In stent restenosis predictors after carotid artery stenting.|
|Anno del prodotto:||2010|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI):||10.4061/2010/864724|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Pictured of a recent lab involving the Advanced Students and NASA-Sally Ride EarthKam!
Eighth grade advanced science students at FMS participated in a recent NASA Mission where they selected locations on Earth for the Space Station to photograph. The students had to interact with a NASA's model to find locations globally within 35 miles of the space station orbits, review weather models to find cloud free days, and then submit image requests directly to the space station. What a way to learn about models and how we use them! Submitted by Chelsea Ellison


Home / Articles / Bologna Conference: The Benefits of Non-Violent Struggle in Eritrea
Bologna Conference: The Benefits of Non-Violent Struggle in Eritrea
I was recently invited to speak at a conference organised by EYSC (Eritrean Youth Solidarity for Change) in the historic Italian town of Bologna held from 30th August to 1st September 2013. My presentation focussed on the merits of non-violent struggle against the tyrants ruling Eritrea from 1991 to present day.
EYSC is a diaspora based youth movement with a potential for effective contribution to the ongoing non-violent struggle inside and outside Eritrea. The youth group employs many technical skills in pursuit of change in the homeland, including facebook with a following of about 12,000 engaged in lively debates on issues of Eritrean concerns.
The theme of the Bologna conference was: Eritrean Solutions for Eritrean Problems. There were eleven scheduled speakers who presented inspiring messages. I was particularly touched by Dr. Rebka Sebhatu's presentation, which focused on the traditions of Eritrean oral history including the tradition of storytelling. She eloquently related the stories with our cultural values and identities that the ruling regime in Asmara has been trying to destroy.
The EYSC organisers clearly showed high organisational skills in pulling together a conference that was attended by Eritreans from around the world, including participants from as far as Melbourne, Australia and California, USA.
In my presentation, I explained that the method of struggle pursued by a people to achieve democratic change most likely determine the form of change they achieve. Experience has shown that, in general, using violent means to change a dictatorial regime into a democratic system of governance results in counter violence by the opponents. In essence, the message of democracy, justice and peace will be replaced by revenge, hate and unrest. Violence breeds violence, destroys lives and properties, silences dialogue and rationale, and eventually replaces one dictator by another or even leads to breakup of a nation into mini states ruled by several war lords who would act as local dictators.
As the ruling tyrants in Eritrea eventually grow weaker and lose support from within their rank and file, the best option is to reach out to these forces of change within the ruling party, including the army, the intelligence services, the police, civil servants and PFDJ ("ruling party" in Eritrea) members to play a decisive role in removing the tyrant and initiating the process of democratization. The best strategy is always to seek change to come from inside Eritrea and has to be fully operated by Eritreans from beginning to end. External support is greatly appreciated but should not compromise Eritrean sovereignty, unity, and strategic interests.
Non-violent resistance is a strategy that is more engaging and allows the people to participate in their cause and determine its outcome to be consistent with their dreams and hopes for change. Non-violent resistance requires a great deal of courage, sacrifice and dedication to a cause. Its principles are rooted on political defiance based on the power of the masses thereby requiring tremendous amount of patience and endurance of pain. In the Eritrean case, state institutions currently serving the ruling tyrants can be called upon to side with the people, to defend the people, and to help the people remove the tyrant and his cronies from power, and to help stabilize the country during the transition period to democracy and beyond. Targeted violence practiced by the current state institutions against the tyrant may therefore be justifiable provided it is limited in scope and purpose to achieve the end result called for by the masses. What is not justified and dangerous is for opposition groups based outside Eritrea to have violence as a strategic means of struggle, and hence have their own partisan "armed cadres/wings/militia/liberation army" to remove the tyrannical regime and to promote their own partisan politics and programs. In fact having different groups with their own armies is a recipe for failure and chaos.
It can be argued that the Eritrean opposition taken individually or combined does not have the necessary political public support or the means and capacity to wage a successful armed struggle against the current regime for various reasons. Nevertheless, one can observe the early symptoms of individualism and intolerance in their political rhetoric and outright condemnation and criminalization of independent Eritrean opposition activists who promote non-violent struggle. This suggests, if the culture of intolerance is maintained, the opposition camp may impose dictatorial rules by violent means in the future. It is for this reason that the pro-democracy non-violent movement should not shy away from peacefully challenging all adversaries including some leaders in the opposition camp. After all democratic change is not just about removing one party or leader and replacing them by another, but about spreading the culture of democracy both vertically and horizontally.
Non-violent struggle is deep rooted in the Eritrean contemporary political history. In 1940s the Muslim-League led Independence Bloc (an umbrella for pro-independence Eritrean parties) was a non-violent movement. The Bloc succeeded in rallying Eritreans from all walks of life for the cause of independence and in sowing the seeds for liberation from foreign colonialism. In 1958, when the Ethiopian monarch began consolidating its violation of the UN-imposed federal union between Eritrea and Ethiopia (_PHONE_), and decided to lower the Eritrean legitimate flag (blue ground with green olive branch emblem, which, ironically, is still detested by the current tyrants), Eritreans resolved to fight back through a non-violent trade union and political movement. It was at this time that the Eritrean Liberation Movement (ELM – commonly known as cell of 7 ማሕበርሸውዓተin Southern Highlands and as حركة movement in the lowlands) was launched as a non-violent pro-independence democratic patriotic movement. In post 1991, soon after Eritrea's full liberation from Ethiopian occupation, the ELF-RC, and later G13, G15, EPDP and other parties and groups have consciously took the decision to pursue non-violent strategies to challenge and expose the Eritrean regime. In addition to its numerous benefits, the non-violent strategy is therefore well rooted in the Eritrean struggle for justice and independent democratic state.
The following can be listed as summarized advantages of non-violent means of struggle:-
 It deprives violent tyrants of legitimacy and justifications to rule against their people's will
 It gives space for people to own the struggle as well as the outcome of the struggle, whereas in violence scenarios ownership of the means of struggle as well as the outcome often falls in the hands of the conflicting parties. Somalia, CDR (former Zaire) and Libya can be cited as examples of how violence between conflicting parties may lead to state failures
 It draws local and international public sympathy when the conflict is between tyrants and unarmed civilians, instead of tyrants and armed opposition groups
 It paves the way for smooth transition towards democratisation. In the absence of violence people and their legitimate representatives would be able to discuss and agree to manage transition towards democratisation without fear of repercussions from armed groups and war-lords
 It minimises bloodshed, hate and endless conflicts based on people's cultural, regional or religious identities (e.g. Lebanon/Somalia/Syria)
 It promotes mature political discourse, rule of law and justice mobilisation
Non-violence tools available to Diaspora Eritreans:-
1. Diaspora public mobilisation can effectively help deprive the pfdj tyrannical regime of the 2% income tax and other financial resources that they generate from Eritreans. Public awareness raising events such as holding rallies and demonstrations, seminars and conferences such as the Bologna conference to discuss and promote ideas and solutions for our country's problems contribute a great deal to the democratisation efforts. In recent years Eritrean activists have been using creative non-violent means to reach out to our people inside Eritrea through telephone calling campaign known as "Freedom Friday" ( ዓርቢሓርነትجمعة الحرية) where random calls are made to thousands in Eritrea encouraging them to express their rejection of tyranny by staying at home on Friday evenings.
2. Media the role of media is crucial in informing the public and raising awareness as well as exposing and challenging tyrants. Media tools include Radio, TV, CDs, DVDs, Internet, Arts (including drama, poem, music, paintings etc.). Dictators in general and the Eritrean tyrant in particular fear independent media more than any other opposition movement, e.g. PFDJ media avoidance of Arab-Spring news, banning of Aljazeera TV broadcasting in public places after the Forto 21 January 2013 movement can be mentioned as some examples of the regime's paranoia and fear of truth. Also the effective role played by cyber media outlets such as awate.com can not be underestimated in breaking the fear barrier as well as in promoting open political discussions among Eritreans.
The focus should therefore be on building media institutions that can effectively contribute to the struggle for change towards democratisation.
3. Diplomacy:This tool can be used based on two approaches:-
a. Institutional Diplomacy (e.g. lobbying governments, human rights organisations, parties through inter-party friendships


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What does "Pochemuchka" mean?
Do you know someone who always has a question to ask? Someone who is always curious about something or the other, no matter what the topic at hand is. If you do, then you know someone who is referred to in Russian as a Pochemuchka (pronounced poh-cheh-moch-kah) – a person who asks too many questions. Curiosity is often a sign of intelligence. But remember, if you ask too many questions, you'll only find more questions, no answers!


The Strong Connection Between Smoking And Gout
In this article, we are going to talk about the possible connection between smoking and gout. Can these two really be connected with each other? Give this article a read and you will know. Worry less, because you will be learning a lot of necessary facts from this article! So sit back, relax, and enjoy the read.
Smoking and Gout: Can it really cause gout?
Even though there have not been any studies done associating smoking and gout. There are various linking wherein smoking really increase the uric acid levels in the blood, misbalancing the pH levels by making the body even more acidic.
We know that the tobacco smoke may contain thousands and thousands of dangerous and deadly chemicals, which may cause various circulatory problems. This is by way of constricting the peripheral blood vessels. For each of the cigarette that you smoke, the arteries tend to constrict for around one hour with the upshot of 50% reduction in the blood flow.
Moreover, the carbon monoxide impedes with the normal distribution of oxygen. The poor blood flow and the decreased circulation of oxygen prevent the body from eliminating the uric acid efficiently. This leaves the excess in the system, establishing the crystals triggering inflammation and a possible gout attack. Furthermore, if you smoke marijuana, it will have the same impact as the cigarettes. This is since marijuana may acidify to the tissues and blood.
I am not saying that smoking may directly cause gout attacks, but this reduces the overall health though not having the bodywork. This optimally increases the risk of heart disease, gout, and diabetes.
Smoking and Gout: The connection between the two
The toxins and the chemicals of cigarettes may cause the acidity in the body in order to increase whereby the kidneys and the lungs that are the major toxin-eliminating organs in the body. Therefore, by weakening the lungs, it may hamper the ability of the body to eliminate the toxins through breathing out more effectively. Those who smoke don't engross nutrients that are at the same rate as those who do not smoke. They should eat more servings than the suggested daily allowance of either the vegetables or fruits that are high in vitamin C.
The link between smoking and gout may even go further. In fact, it may affect the cousins of the disease, the patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. There is a study that states, there was a strong connection between rheumatoid arthritis and smoking. This may have occurred in men who were actually positive as a rheumatoid factor.
Furthermore, one study also suggests that the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis was twice for those who smoke. This is in comparison to those who don't smoke. The former smokers had a much lower risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis than the regular smokers. Moreover, people who never tried smoking had the lowest risk of them all.
Smoking and Smoking: Sleep Apnea
If you're smoking and suffer from sleep apnea at the same time, you're at much higher risk of developing gout attack. This is for the reason that the oxygen level in the blood reduces. This causes the cells to go through a destructive process. This may result in the body to release excess uric acid in the blood. All of those who suffer from gout must be tested for sleep apnea. This is to be able to avoid the development of a more serious condition like heart failure, heart attack, kidney diseases, and diabetes.
As a conclusion, those who suffer from gout who smoke and stopped have experiences lesser gout attacks. On the other hand, those who went back to smoking again experienced an increase in the gout symptoms as the immunity weakened. As soon as possible, stop smoking and stop gout!
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Physical, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual
Beauty – much like the rest of the self-care industries – is experiencing a dramatic shift. Gone are the days of people believing that a special cream will solve all your skincare needs. Now, we are entering into a new, more rounded and complete approach to our beauty routine, incorporating physical, mental, emotional and spiritual approaches to beauty. And while these areas may seem separate, if they are out of balance, our wellbeing and beauty suffer. This is the next generation beauty regimen. Are you making the shift?
Next Generation Beauty: Physical Approach
There are plenty of reasons to make your physical health a priority – from losing weight to eliminating toxins from your body. And all these have an additional payoff – healthy skin. When your heart is pumping from exercise, you are supplying your skin with a heavy dose of oxygenated blood. When you eat a plant-based diet, you are providing your skin with the nutrients it needs to fight environmental aggressors and regenerate effectively. When you have regular massages you encourage lymphatic drainage, which shuttles toxins out and away from your cells so that nutrients can easily travel in.
Physical approaches to beauty include:
- Healthy Eating
- Physical Exercise
- Natural and Organic Skincare Products
Next Generation Beauty: Mental Approach
The mind-body connection is no longer a myth. Scientific studies have shown repeatedly that how you mentally perceive the world, ultimately affects your health and wellness. Taking a minute to center yourself and breathe isn't just good for reducing your stress level, it's also great for your skin. Build your mental muscle – and experience improved beauty – through these healthy practices.
Mental approaches to beauty include:
- Positive Affirmations
- Adequate Sleep
- Deep Breathing
Next Generation Beauty: Emotional Approach
If you've ever blushed from embarrassment, you know that your emotional state can be reflected on your skin. Although cause and effect can be difficult to pin down, considerable data suggests that at least in some people stress and other emotional and psychological factors can activate or worsen certain skin conditions.
Emotional approaches to beauty include:
- Reducing Stress
- Emotional Processing
- Human Connection
Next Generation Beauty: Spiritual Approach
Ever heard of someone seeing something so beautiful they likened it to a spiritual experience? The art of making things beautiful goes back to the beginning of human consciousness, as far as we can tell. As humans, we seem to have an inherent nature to express ourselves through beauty – whether that's a song, story or image. We use beauty to make sense of the world and its meaning.
Spiritual approaches to beauty include:
- Soul Searching
- Connection With Something Bigger Than You
- Chakra Balancing
Beauty is not just a physical experience. When we hear beauty call, it speaks to our mind, our heart and our soul. Once you breakthrough a solely superficial approach to beauty, you can experience your own beauty at new depths which will make you glow from within.


How do you really pronounce Audi?
How is Porsche pronounced?
How is BMW pronounced?
Since 'BMW' is just a three-letter word, people tend to pronounce it in the English version – 'bee em double yoo'. However, being a German brand, the English pronunciation isn't valid for the brand name. Thus, the absolutely authentic pronunciation is 'bee em vee'.
What is the spelling of Audi car?
Audi. One of the most renowned luxury car manufacturer across the globe, Audi is a German car manufacturer, hence its name has a certain German touch to it. While we try to speak it in English as 'aw-di', it's actually pronounced as 'oww-dee'. Confused, well say it as if you are hurt – 'oww-dee'.


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MCPCB General Info
A simple layer single sided MCPCB consists of a metal base (usually aluminum, or copper alloy), Dielectric (non-conducting) Layer, Copper Circuit Layer, IC components and solder mask.
The prepreg dielectric provides excellent
heat transfer from the foil and components to the base plate, while maintaining excellent electrical isolation. The base aluminum/copper plate gives the single-sided substrate mechanical integrity, and distributes and transfers the heat to a heat sink, mounting
surface or directly to the ambient air.
The Single-Layer MCPCB can be used with surface mount and chip & wire
components, and provides much lower thermal resistance than FR4 PWB. The metal core provides lower cost than ceramic
substrates, and allows much larger areas than ceramic substrates.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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2. In your scripts
Limit the number of records displayed (eg 10 per page) with the LIMIT part of your SQL query.
Group your requests at the beginning of the script in this way:
Loop through data...
If there are elements in your database which do not change, you should cache them.Following this tip will drastically diminish the need to access your database and speed up your site's load time.You can also perform session cache.Put query results into a session variable. This means that you do not need to run an identical query next time, you can just retrieve the session variables instead.Only recover the data which is usedIn your SQL requests, make sure you select only what you need, and that you have not forgotten the links between the tables.Example:
- Optimise your database by using cache
(where table1.champs = table2.champs2)
Avoid using the "HAVING" clause which can slow down queries. You should also avoid using "GROUP BY", unless strictly necessary.
- Avoid resource intensive options:


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- Nostalgia, a sentimental yearning for the past, consists of particularly intense, complex and vivid memories.
- Although nostalgia was once considered an unhealthy preoccupation, new research reveals that it improves people's moods and is a sign of emotional well-being.
- Nostalgia can promote a sense of social integration in people who are sad or feel alone.
Do you have wistful memories of the cookies that came from your grandmother's oven? Do you enjoy recalling the jokes and pranks that you and your school friends used to find hilarious? On a restless night, does the whoosh of a train on a long-ago journey linger in your mind? If your recollections sometimes evoke a sentimental yearning for the past, then you know what it means to experience nostalgia.
You are in good company, too. In a 2006 study conducted at the University of Southampton in England, 79 percent of the 172 students surveyed said that they have nostalgic thoughts at least once a week; 16 percent reported having such moments every day. Nostalgia is not limited to any culture, stage of life or state of mental health. Our Southampton team has found the emotion in healthy adults and children, as well as patients suffering from dementia.
This article was originally published with the title Yearning for Yesterday.


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Writing a research study regarding the effects Snapchat has on one's self. Need a few links to journal entires/scholarly articles/past research studies for each of the following scenarios:
- Past research study or article proving that "Self esteem is a stable characteristic"; Meaning that an individual's' self-esteem is more core to their identity and cannot be shifted as easily as something like situational jealousy or pity.
2. Past research study that proves that SNAPCHAT and/or Snapchat posts Induces emotion.
3. NEED PIECE OF LITERATURE/past study that PROVEs That "JEALOUSY IS ATTACK ON PERSONAL BEING


UNlisted's Andre Fraser: How does sound relate to color, heat?
(Associated Press )
The Republican Lifestyle Desk By The Republican Lifestyle Desk The Republican
on September 23, 2013 at 5:24 AM, updated September 23, 2013 at 5:26 AM
The hotter a flame is, the farther along the color spectrum it is.
Springfield High School of Science and Technology
You are watching "MinutePhysics" of Vsauce on the YouTube app on your phone at 11 p.m., unable to go to sleep. You click on a rather long video of the sound of an astrological body in the universe, lowered by x^10 octaves. You close your eyes, and you find that you can see a white-blue light. You wrap yourself tighter in your sheets. Despite it being 95 degrees, you feel cold.
So what does it mean? What does the sound of heat look like?
andrefraser.jpgAndre Fraser
According to that physics teacher we all had in school, everything functions at specific wavelengths. Hitting a standard fork tuned to A will provide a note at 440 Hz, or A4. Boiling water in a pot will cause the molecules to speed up. Colors of light vibrate at a frequency with the infrared-ultraviolet spectrum.
Is it possible for sound, heat, and color to be related in any way?
If you take a cube of ice 10 cubic centimeters, and put it in a pot over a flame, it melts. It melts because the bond keeping the molecules of the ice together isn't strong enough for the energies provided by the molecules, and the molecules that were once vibrating slowly next to each other are able to vibrate at a faster speed.
Although, why are we still calling it speed. Things vibrate at frequencies. Continue heating the water even more, the molecules are loose enough to become gaseous and evaporate into the air.
So then why is orange considered a warmer color than blue? Is it because orange reminds us of warm days full of sunshine, and blue reminds us of the cool water we drink during that day?
Perhaps, but colors react quite the opposite to heat. If you strike a match and touch the red flame, you would feel it sting for a while, but not for too long.
Meanwhile, if you lit a Bunsen burner and touched the blue flame, you would certainly feel pain for a much longer time than the match inflicted.
Why? Blue flames are hotter than red flames, obviously. The hotter a flame is, the farther along the color spectrum it is, starting from red and advancing to blue, and eventually white.
But what does that mean about hearing colors or seeing sounds? Is it possible that hearing sounds, with lower frequencies, can also lead to seeing colors of proportionally lower frequencies?
Does our brain amplify sounds by about 10 trillion, and prospectively force us to perceive the sight of a relative color in the void of vision? Does it work the other way? Is the ringing in our ear our brain slowing down the frequency of the blue on the wall we have been staring intently at for the past hour? Is that what musicians refer to when they describe the music rather colorfully?
Can science ever find a relationship between sound, heat, and visible light/colors? Perhaps one day. For today, though, all we can do is just wonder. Perhaps one of you young scientists reading this will be inspired to find an answer.


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The grounds of the Paul Revere House, Boston's oldest building and a historic Colonial landmark, are getting an examination. But there will be no probing; the procedure is noninvasive.
Using a technology called ground penetrating radar, Allen Gontz, an assistant professor of environmental, earth, and ocean sciences at the University of Massachusetts at Boston, began a series of soil tests at the North End site on Tuesday. He is looking for gas lines, water pipes, and deep features like wells, privies, and previous foundations.
Gontz's data will help guide the Paul Revere Memorial Association as it plans the renovation of nearby Lathrop Place, a parcel and two-family house built in 1835.
"It's just an added dimension, additional information that can be considered when planning," said Ellen Burkland, the city archeologist at the mayor's office who has assisted with the project and collaborated with Gontz in the past. The Revere Association plans to renovate the Lathrop Place house for educational programs.
On Wednesday, Gontz and a few of his graduate students were creating a grid of the property. The GPR, a device that looks like a radio-controlled car, crept over the courtyard bricks, taking measurements using electromagnetic radar waves that it shoots into the ground.
"What we are looking for is historical and cultural objects or remnants," he said. "With an idea of any building that would have been standing, we can build a model.... It could help develop a better understanding of what Boston would have looked like during the Revolutionary War."


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It can be a frustrating experience when you first insert your key into your car and it fails to turn in the ignition. Your mind races with all the possibilities of what could be going wrong with the car. Luckily, most ignition key issues are not only common, but are also quick to fix. There are three easy factors to remember when looking over why your key will not turn, and with some troubleshooting, these tips could lead you to starting and driving off safely in just a few short steps.
The three reasons why an ignition key will not turn include: problems with supporting components, issues with the key itself, and ignition lock cylinder problems.
- Tip: Always make sure your parking brake is on to keep the vehicle secure when following these steps.
Reason 1 of 3: Supporting component problems
Supporting components are other parts in your car that may be making it difficult for the key to turn. They are the most common culprits behind your car key being unable to turn in the ignition and also the quickest to identify. There are three components to be aware of:
Component 1: Steering wheel. In many vehicles, removing the key locks the steering wheel. Occasionally, because of this lock, sometimes the steering wheel can get stuck, which in turn means the vehicle key also becomes stuck and cannot move to release it. "Jiggling" the steering wheel while also attempting the turn the key can relieve this lock pressure and allow the key to turn.
Component 2: Gear selector. Some vehicles do not allow the key to turn unless the vehicle is in either a park or neutral gear. If the vehicle is in Park, shake the shifter slightly to ensure it is in the right position and try again to turn the key. This only applies to automatic driving cars.
Component 3: Battery. If the car battery is dead, you will often notice that the key won't turn. This occurs often in higher end vehicles. Checking the life of your battery will verify this.
Reason 2 of 3: Issues with the key itself
Oftentimes, the problem is not with the supporting components of the car, but with the vehicle key itself. The following three factors may explain why your key is unable to turn in the ignition:
Factor 1: Bent key. Bent keys can sometimes enter the cylinder but once inside they will not line up correctly to allow the car to start. If your key looks visually bent, you can use a non-metal hammer to flatten key down. Your goal is to use something that will not damage the key, so ideally this would be made of rubber or wood. You can also place the key on a piece of wood to cushion to blow. Then, very carefully, tap the key until it is straight and attempt to start the car again.
Factor 2: Worn out key. Keys that are worn out are actually very common. If your vehicle key is worn out, this will not allow the pins inside of the cylinder to drop correctly and start the car. If you have a spare key, attempt that first. If you do not, you can obtain a spare key by writing down your car's Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), which is found on the driver's side windshield or inside the door jamb. You will then want to contact your dealership to get a new key made.
- Some newer cars have key codes attached to a set of keys. If your key is worn out and you need a new one, you can give this code to your dealership instead of the VIN.
Factor 3: Incorrect key. Sometimes the wrong key can get inserted into the cylinder. This happens more often when someone has more than one car key on their key ring. Many keys look similar, especially if they are from the same make (such as two Honda keys, or two Ford keys). So double check the correct key is being used to try to start the vehicle.
If you see that your key is dirty, cleaning it can also help. Cleaning the key itself is also very easy. Use a cotton swab and rubbing alcohol to remove any foreign material that may be stuck to the key. You can then attempt to start the car again.
Some resources recommend tapping the key with a hammer, or other object, while it is in the ignition, but it is not recommended due to the high risk of not only breaking the cylinder but also breaking the key. This can trap a piece of the key inside the cylinder, causing more damage.
Reason 3 of 3: Ignition lock cylinder issues
Also known as a key cylinder, this is another area that could be causing issues with a key turning over. Below are the two most common problems associated with the ignition lock cylinder and the key not turning.
Problem 1: Obstruction. An obstruction inside the key cylinder will not allow the key to turn the ignition properly. Look inside at the key cylinder with flashlight. You will want to look for any obvious obstruction. Occasionally when a key cylinder has completely failed you will see metal debris inside.
- If attempting to clean the ignition lock cylinder, always begin with safety glasses to protect your eyes from any flying debris. To clean, use electrical cleaner or compressed air, and follow the precautions and instructions on cans. Make sure your area is well ventilated. You can try to re-spray if necessary. If debris was successfully removed, key should slide in easy.
Problem 2: Stuck springs. There can be problems due to the actual pins or springs inside the key cylinder. When this happens, using a small tack hammer, to gently tap the key ignition. This can help loosen any stuck pins or springs. You do not want to hit hard, but instead know that you are using the vibration of the tap, not the force, to help loosen any pins that may be jammed. Once they are free, you can attempt to insert the key and turn.
The methods listed above are great ways to get your key turning. However, if you are still struggling with key turn issues after all these tips, your best bet is to contact a mechanic for further diagnosing. YourMechanic provides certified mobile mechanics who come to your home or office and can easily diagnose why your key isn't turning and make the necessary repairs.


text:
)–(3),, is necessarily a weak solution. Because all the subdomains' boundaries are Lipschitz continuous, the integration by parts is legal in each subdomain, ; see Theorem 18.104.22.168 in.
We have the following theorem.
Proof. See Theorem 2.1 in.
3. Numerical Method
We define and choose test function and redefine the gradient and divergence operator
For ease of discussion, Section 3, and for accuracy testing in Section 4, we assume that,, and are smooth on the closure of, and are smooth on and, but they may be discontinuous across the interface. However,,, and are kept to be Lipschitz continuous. We assume that there is a Lipschitz continuous and piecewise smooth level-set function on, where,, and. A unit vector can be obtained on, which is a unit normal vector of at pointing from to.
In this paper, we restrict ourselves to a cube cell domain in 3D space, and is a matrix that is uniformly elliptic in each subdomain. Given positive integers,, and, set,, and. We define a uniform Cartesian grid for, and. Each is called a grid point. For the case,, or, a grid point is called a boundary point, otherwise it is called an interior point. The grid size is defined as.
Two sets of grid functions are needed, and they are denoted by
We cut every cube cell region into six tetrahedron regions. Collecting all those tetrahedron regions, we obtain a uniform tetrahedralization ; see Figure 2.
If, we count the grid point as in ; otherwise we count it as in. We call an edge (an edge of a tetrahedron in the tetrahedralization) an interface edge if two of its ends (vertices of tetrahedrons in the tetrahedralization) belong to different subdomains; otherwise we call it a regular edge.
We call a cell an interface cell if its vertices belong to different subdomains. In the interface cell, we write. and are separated by a plane segment, denoted by. There are two kinds of plane segment; see Figure 3. The vertices of the plane segment are located on the interface, and their locations can be calculated from the linear interpolations of the discrete level-set functions. The vertices of are located in and the vertices of are located in. and are approximations of the regions of and, respectively. We call a cell a regular cell if all its vertices belong to the same subdomain, either or. For a regular cell, we also write, where (empty set) if all vertices of are in and if all vertices of are in. Clearly in a regular cell, and and are approximations of the regions and, respectively. We use and to represent the volumes of and, respectively.
Two extension operators are needed. The first one is. For any, is a standard continuous piecewise linear function, which is a linear function in every tetrahedron cell and matches on grid points. Clearly such a function set, denoted by, is a finite dimensional subspace of. The second extension operator is constructed as follows. For any with at boundary points, is a piecewise linear function and matches on grid points. It is a linear function in each regular cell, just like the first extension operator in a regular cell. In each interface cell, it consists of two pieces of linear functions, one is on and the other is on. The location of its discontinuity in the interface cell is the plane segment. Note that the vertices of the plane segment are located on the interface, and hence the interface condition is enforced exactly at the vertices of. In each interface cell, the interface condition is enforced with the value at the barycenter of for Case 1 and at the points labeled "9" and "10" in Figure 3 for Case 2. Clearly such a function is not continuous in general, and neither is the set of such functions a linear space. We denote the set of such functions as, which should be thought as an approximation of the solution class (see (7)) plus the restriction of. Similar versions of such extension can be found in the literature [16, 34]. In Case 1, the number of unknowns matches with the number of the equations and the extension is unique. In Case 2, the local construction problem is solved in a least square sense. The values of the points on the interface can be represented as a linear combination of a constant and the 8 unknown value of the vertices on the tetrahedron cell.
We propose the following method.
Method 4. Find a discrete function such that on boundary points and so that for all, we have Note that on the boundary is the same as on the boundary.
Since our solution bases and test function bases are different, the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is not symmetric in the presence of an interface. However, we can prove that it is positive definite under certain assumptions. In all our numerical examples, is positive definite numerically.
Theorem 5. If is continuous and positive definite, then the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is positive definite.
Proof. For vector we have Here we can choose specific jump conditions since changing, will not affect the matrix. In this case we have since So if is positive definite, then, for all. Therefore, which implies. Thus, is positive definite.
In some applications, the matrix is only semipositive definite with zero determinant. The previous Theorem does not apply. We prove later that when the matrix is of certain form that frequently appeared in applications and semipositive definite, the matrix generated by our method is still positive definite.
Theorem 6. If, and,,, and, then the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is positive definite.
Proof. Suppose for a contradiction that is not positive definite. Then there is a vector and such that. Let
Since for all,
So if and only if,, and. Then, for all.
However, implies that.
Since, without loss of generality, we assume that. If we choose point such that and,, then, a contradiction.
Therefore for all ; thus, is positive definite.
Remark 7. A positive definite matrix has positive determinant and is therefore invertible. It also has an factorization where and, and are lower triangular. The linear system can be solved efficiently.
4. Numerical Experiments
Consider the problem on the paralle lepiped domain. is an interface and prescribed by the zero level-set of a level-set function. The unit normal vector of is pointing from to.
In all numerical experiments later, the level-set function, the coefficients,, and, and the solutions, are given. Hence is obtained as a proper Dirichlet boundary condition, since the solutions are given.
All errors in solutions are measured in the norm in the whole domain.
We present three numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Example 1. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 1 are given as follows:
Table 1 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Table 2 includes the condition number, which grows with order, the same as the case without interface.
Example 2. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 2 are given as follows:
Table 3 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows more than 1.5th order accuracy in the norm for the solution. The degeneracy is due to the poor regularity of the solution.
Example 3. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 3 are given as follows:
Table 4 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. This type of examples is also presented in [22, 27] in two dimensions. The coefficient matrices for the PDE meet the assumption in Theorem 6.
Example 4. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 4 are given as follows:
Table 5 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Compared with Example 3, the difference is that we have variable coefficient matrices of the same structure as those constant coefficient matrices in Example 3.
Example 5. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 5 are given as follows:
Table 6 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that we used general variable coefficient matrices without the special structure in Example 4 to demonstrate that our method can handle more general problems.
Example 6. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in this example are given as follows:
When it is grids, we get the result of Table 7. When it is grids, we get the result of Table 8. We plot the condition number versus the ratio between and for 11-by-11-by-11 grid in Figure 4 and 22-by-22-by-22 grid in Figure 5. The correlation coefficients for 11-by-11-by-11, 22-by-22-by-22 grids are 0.999990 and 0.999987, which are clearly linear relations.
In this paper, we modified the


text:
This may seem like a sinister social engineering experiment conducted by a dystopian sugar-shocked dictator, but it's just the Fühlometer, a performance art piece by Julius von Bismarck, Benjamin Maus, and Richard Wilhelmer. Explains Wilhelmer's website:
"Fuehlometer" (Feel-o-meter) or "Public Face" is an interactive art installation that shows the mood of a city by displaying it in the form of a monumental Smiley. The system allows to read emotions out of random people's faces. The faces are analyzed by sophisticated software (contributed by the Fraunhofer Institut). The obtained mood data are then stored on a server and processed by the smiley to visualize the emotions in real-time.
Here's the piece on display in 2010 at Lindau Island in Germany. Could these be established across the land as public indicators of the National Happiness Index?
[Via Laughing Squid]


text:
Have you ever wondered why all mammals have a tail, but man does not?
All species of animals, including man, of course, have evolved very gradually over millions of years. In this way, each animal strengthens and improves those parts of its body that are particularly useful, and the various parts that are not so useful diminish, or are adapted to a changed environment. This evolution happens very slowly, and changes can only be seen over numerous generations. In four legged animals, tails are very important to maintain balance. In many cases, tails are used almost as another limb, like when monkeys swing through the trees. However, Men and apes, have no useful need for a tail. As a species that lives on land, Man doesn't need tails for hanging on tree brances, and since we don't fly or leap, we don't need then for balance either. As a matter of fact, a smalll, very rudimentary 'tail' can be founded at the base of our spines. It's called the coccyx, or tailbone, and it's all that left of the human tail. It's just too small to p oke out behind us, so we don't know it's there, and it does not help us at all with balace or movement.


PlateSpin Orchestrate 2.0 VM Client Guide and Reference
This guide introduces the PlateSpin® Orchestrate VM Client, including its basic administration environment, which is accessed through an Eclipse* rich client platform. The guide provides an introductory overview of the VM Client, and explains how to install, monitor, and manage VMs.
The guide is organized as follows:
This book is for data center VM operators. It assumes that users of the product have the following background:
Additional Documentation
In addition to this VM Client Guide and Reference, PlateSpin Orchestrate 2.0.2 includes the following additional guides that contain valuable information about the product:
Documentation Updates
For the most recent version of this guide, visit the PlateSpin Orchestrate 2.0.2 documentation Web site.
Documentation Conventions
When a single pathname can be written with a backslash for some platforms or a forward slash for other platforms, the pathname is presented with a backslash. Users of platforms that require a forward slash, such as Linux, should use forward slashes as required by your software.


text:
Earthquakes in South America
The people of the New Madrid time period were aware that earthquakes occurred in other areas of North and South America. While the New Madrid earthquakes were happening newspapers published accounts of other earthquakes to give people a sense of what was going on. Although news was sparse there was some information from South America. From Peru came sporadic accounts of historic earthquakes. Here is an example:
"1797. On the 4th of February, Peru, in South America, lost five towns by the shock of a neighboring mountain which was thrown to pieces, several other towns and villages were thrown down and upwards of 16,000 of the inhabitants destroyed."
New Madrid Compendium Item 290,"Destruction by Earthquake" Louisiana Gazette, 2/13/1812, Page 3, Column 2.


text: We explore how households insure themselves against consumption volatility. We asked households how they would fund an unexpected emergency consumption expense equivalent to one month's income. Answers reveal a range of consumption insurance mechanisms, including borrowing from credit markets and social networks. Despite this, more than one quarter of households have no plan to insure their consumption. The likelihood of non-insurance increases with poor financial literacy and is highest among households most at risk of experiencing a financial shock. Among these households we see large effects of poor financial literacy on non-insurance.


Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an algorithm that will find the shortest linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for a given binary output sequence. Here we present a web-based implementation to compute the shortest LFSR and linear span of a given binary sequence. If you have any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact Bo Zhu.
Please enter the binary sequence (separated by commas):
LFSR: Linear Span: Time Used:
Please note the output polynomial is using the form that its degree is always equal to the linear span. For example, x^3 + x + 1 means tap positions are 0th and 1st (not 0th and 2nd).
If the input sequence is too long, it may take a long time to process. As a result, the Google App Engine server may cut off HTTP connections, so the final result won't be sent back. In this case, please download the Python source code from here, and run it on local computers.


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I am trying to get Unicode characters to compile into a PDF file using XeLaTeX. My MWE looks like this:
Here is α, β, and finally γ.
When I compile to PDF I get
Here is,, and finally.
My Unicode characters do not show up. Could anyone point out my problem?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 12 down vote accepted
The default font, Computer Modern Roman, just does not have the glyphs for these Unicode characters. There are several possibilities to point out:
Math symbols
If the intended use of the characters is as shortcuts for \alpha, \beta, etc., then use the newunicodechar package:
Internationalised typesetting
If you're looking to typeset a document (or part of a document) in the Greek language, use the polyglossia package:
\newfontfamily\greekfont[Script=Greek,Ligatures=TeX]{Times New Roman} % Has Greek characters
\begin{greek} ελληνικά \end{greek}
Random usage
If you need these characters for occasional use in the normal text, you can also use the fontspec package without polyglossia to load a font that has the glyphs. You can do it either globally (change the font altogether) or just for these characters:
\newfontfamily\timesfont[Ligatures=TeX]{Times New Roman}
The Greek letter alpha follows: {\timesfont α}
share|improve this answer
Concerning newunicodechar, is there a package that collects a large list of existing shortcuts, especially for mathematics and the occasional foreign symbol? – Greg Graviton Apr 22 '12 at 12:53
_USER_: I had the same question. I made a package for that available on github: github.com/olivierverdier/Unixode – Olivier Jun 15 '12 at 8:35
Your Answer


text:
How to Convert PDF to Word/RTF for free?Nemo PDF to Word offers an completely free and easy way to accurately convert PDFfiles to Word/RTF in seconds. After download and installation, launch the Nemo PDFto Word and learn how to convert PDF to Word/RTF by using the follow steps.How to convert PDF to Word/RTF?Step 1. Import PDF filesClick Add Files button to load your target PDF file(s) into the program. The file information likefile size and pages will be listed once imported.Note:You can click Remove or Clear to remove the imported files.Step 2. Make settingsUnder Output, you can specify the page range, select output file format and output path.
Note: You can click the Settings button to make more settings.Step 3. Covert PDF to WordClick the Convert button to start converting the PDF files to Word/RTF.
Note:1. During conversion, the Convert button will be changed to Stop button. You can stop convertinganytime by clicking the Stop button.2. When the conversion completes, a dialog box will pop up. You can view the generated PDF filesdirectly by clicking Open File or Open Folder on it.How to convert encrypted PDF files?If your PDF files are encrypted, it will pop up a dialog box for password immediately afterimporting it. You can load and convert the secured file normally after inputting the correctpassword on the text box as follows:
How to convert certain pages of multi-page PDF files?If you want to convert partial pages from large PDF files, you need to type the page numbers inthe text box with comma separated. For example enter 3, 7-9, 15, 19 to convert page 3, page 7-9,page 15, and page 19.Hot Tips • Convert Word to PDF • Convert Excel to PDF • Convert PPT/Image to PDF • Convert Word/Exce to PDF


Posts Tagged 'labor'
November BAND Discussion: Reading for a cause
Amy of Opinions of a Wolf, asks this month's BAND question: Do you read nonfiction to support a cause?
Similar to what Amy writes in her response, the phrase "doing it for a cause" immediately evokes my college life. I went to a school full of idealists and do-gooders, in a city brimming with non-profit organizations. Pick your cause and you could find an outlet for it on campus or off. Attend a speaking event about any social issue and you were sure to hear audience members ask, "What can we do?"
In my experience, the answers to that question are more complex than the "action steps" model suggests, but understanding a problem you're aiming to change is always necessary. That's where I think the idea of "reading for a cause" can be considered. Study must inform social struggles; It's vital to understand the conditions people are experiencing and the powerful forces that shape those conditions. Action without these components is fighting without a weapon.
In college I read lots of nonfiction on political violence in Palestine and Guatemala, though I can't say I was particularly connected to the actual causes associated with those issues beyond awareness-raising and college-y activism.
Nowadays, I'm reading a range of materials to get a sense of what problems are affecting Pennsylvania, who's benefiting from the way things are, and who's organizing to change things. I'd also like to read any books I can find on movements that have existed in Pennsylvania (most likely ones being labor-related), because knowledge of the past can be a tool for engaging people and strategizing.
Working People's Solidarity at Occupy Wall Street
As I wrote in my Friday 5 post two weeks ago, the most promising thing I heard about when I visited Occupy Wall Street was participants' efforts to make connections between the frustration that brought people there and other struggles that people have been organizing around (e.g. labor issues, access to health care, environmental hazards) throughout the country but in NYC particularly. In an article on Common Dreams today, I detailed some of how the Labor Outreach and Support working group developed the relationships with unions that led to last week's 20,000-person march. The story also includes voices from participants describing the value of the occupied space as a place to listen to one another and brainstorm the kind of world they want to live in.
Check it out at Common Dreams.
Words to Live By
I've heard the question, "Were you scared?" a lot in the past few years. Like so many questions about my experiences in the West Bank, Honduras, et. al, I struggle to come up with an answer that fully reflects the tangle of answers coming from my brain and my heart. Lately I've been listening to Mother Jones'* autobiography on WMMT Radio. Ever wise with words, she had an awesome response when someone asked "Weren't you scared?" about organizing miners at Latimer:
Autobiographies are an inspiring book genre! What's your favorite autobiography?
*Mother Jones, once called "the most dangerous woman in America," was an active and effective labor organizer of the late 1800's and early 1900's. She worked for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers.
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7 August 2019
Public confidence in sentencing and the criminal justice system
The Sentencing Council has a statutory duty to have regard to the need to promote public confidence in the system when developing the sentencing guidelines and monitoring their impact. To achieve this, the Council must have an understanding of the public's attitude to, and knowledge of, sentencing and the criminal justice system.
Public Knowledge of and Confidence in the Criminal Justice System and Sentencing reports on research carried out to help the Council meet its public confidence obligations. The research, which included an online survey of 2,000 adults representative of the population of England and Wales, provides insight into what drives the public's attitudes and understanding of the system and suggests how the Council might reinforce and improve their confidence.
Among the key findings are:
- Sixty-seven per cent of the public and 68 per cent of victims of crime said that the existence of sentencing guidelines improved their confidence in the fairness of sentencing at least a little.
- Confidence in the effectiveness and fairness of the criminal justice system is mixed, and varies according to demographic factors and involvement. Young adults (18-34), those in the highest socio-demographic group (AB) and BAME adults are particularly likely to be confident in the system.
- Having contact with certain agencies in the system, particularly the criminal courts, emerged as a key driver of positive perceptions of confidence, as is experience of the system that has improved their understanding of sentencing.
- Conversely, living in certain regions of the country, most notably the North of England, was a key driver of negative perceptions of confidence and the perception that sentencing is too lenient.
- Around 70 per cent of the public think sentencing in general is too lenient and the public is particularly likely to regard sentences for serious crimes, like rape and death by dangerous driving, as too lenient. However, this perception tends to lessen noticeably when the public are presented with actual scenarios and sentences (based on real cases).
- A majority of those surveyed were confident they understood terms like 'life sentence' and 'statutory maximum sentence', although under half felt confident they understood the term, 'on licence'. However, qualitative discussions showed that actual understanding lagged behind perceived understanding.
The research was conducted for the Council by ComRes.


CONES – Bar Cones
Pyrometric Cones are used as witness cones to monitor ceramic firing in all types and sizes of kilns for consistent, repeatable firing temperature. They are made of specifically formulated compositions, including many of the same ingredients as ceramic products. Each cone is designated a number (for example, cone 04), and each cone number measures a fairly small range of firing temperature.
How do they work?
When the kiln temperature reaches the range a cone number is designed to melt in, the tip of the cone begins to bend. The final degree of cone bending depends on the last 100°C (180°F) of the firing profile and temperature, but this significant bending may represent a change over only a few degrees of temperature. Pyrometric cones are therefore valuable for verifying that your kiln is delivering the expected amount of heat work within the kiln ware load at specific temperature and profile settings.
Moreover, while kiln shut-off devices and electronic controllers can drift from their set point over time even though everything appears to be normal, pyrometric cones do not. They will indicate whether kiln firing is under control or subtle changes are occurring, thereby giving you time to take corrective action before these changes impact your ceramic ware.
To select the proper cones: visit
Click to view Temperature Equivalent of Orton Cones.
20% off 12 Boxes of Any (Single) Type of Cones
Large Cones, Small Cones, Self-Supporting Cones, OR Bar Cones
Discounts will be entered manually when your order is processed.


text:
Hygrometer & Thermometer with external sensor
Need to know the temperature in your mushroom grow room? Get this Hygrometer and Thermometer. It measures humidity from 20% up to 99% RH. Temperature in and outdoors and in Celsius and Fahrenheit. Now, you know exactly when humidity and temperature is right for the pinning of your mushrooms
Disponibilidad: Sin existencias
Measure Humidity, Temperature and Time! This three essential factors in mushroom cultivation are now under your control. The External sensor makes it possible to measure the humidity inside the grow bag.
- Measures both temperature and humidity.
- Maximum and minimum button to review highest and lowest temperatures.
- Digital clock time displayed
- Hourly and daily alarm clock
- Large clear temperature mad humidity display
Notice: Do not put the product inside a grow bag or very humid spot! Can be used in bigger environments.
|SKU (Número de Referencia)||acc-hgtm|
|No enviar a:||No hay restricciones conocidas:|


Use purport when you want to convince people about something that might not be true, like when you purport that the dog ate your homework.
The verb purport can mean "to claim" — whether you mean it or not — or "to intend," like when you purport to study all night. So it makes sense that as a noun, purport means the intention or purpose, like the purport of a political candidate's speech was to get your vote. If the speech was long and hard to follow, you might be lucky just to get the purport, which here means "the main point or meaning."
Definitions of purport
v have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming
"The letter purports to express people's opinion"
Type of:
assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing
v propose or intend
aim, propose, purpose
Type of:
intend, mean, think
have in mind as a purpose
n the intended meaning of a communication
intent, spirit
Type of:
import, meaning, significance, signification
the message that is intended or expressed or signified
n the pervading meaning or tenor
Type of:
strain, tenor
the general meaning or substance of an utterance
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text:
Study of the effectiveness of China's corporate governance reform – a board characteristics view
MetadataShow full metadata
This study investigates the effectiveness of China's corporate governance reforms in the year 2002 on firm performance. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between good firm performance and board characteristics that capture boards' monitoring and resource provision abilities before and after the corporate governance reform. This study firstly examines whether the Chinese corporate governance reform in year 2002 has caused changes in board characteristics, then the study relates the measurements for good firm performance to board characteristics that represent boards' monitoring role (i.e., director independence, CEO-chair duality, concentration of directors appointed after the CEO, and director share ownership) and resource provision role (i.e., board size, directors on multiple board, director tenure, and frequency of supervision board meetings). The study uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to calculate a firm economic efficiency score as the main measurement of firm performance. For sensitivity analysis, traditional measurements including share returns, return on assets and Tobin's Q have also been applied to consolidate the findings. The study provides evidence that China's corporate governance reforms in year 2002 has resulted in changes regarding to the number of independent directors on board, CEO-chair duality, director tenure and frequency of supervision board meetings. Those changes are towards enhancing investor protection and improving firm performance, which the evidence is consistent with the prediction that the year 2002 corporate governance reforms will change the corporate governance factors of Chinese listed firms. However, inconsistent with the agency theory and resource dependence theory predictions, this study shows that board characteristics do not have a significant relationship with firm economic efficiency score. The additional tests of using traditional performance measurements also shows corporate governance factors before and after the reform do not influence firm performance. These findings point to a significant problem. It would seem that China's corporate governance reform in year 2002 has made Chinese listed firms simply obeys the governance code, rather than fully utilise it. Therefore, the corporate governance reform in the year 2002 has enhanced the corporate governance factors, however failed to improve firm performance. Therefore, the findings have implications for regulators in emerging economies, that the corporate governance code should be developed and modified based on the specific characteristics of a countries economy, rather than simply following the developed countries' regulatory system.


text:
Champs d'étude [CdE]>
Empathetic Sound : Music whose mood or rhythm matches with the mood with the mood or rhythm of the action onscreen.
Anempathetic Sound : Sound–usually diegetic music–that seems to exhibit conspicuous indifference to what is going on in the film's plot, creating a strong sense of the tragic. For example, when a radio continues to play a happy tune even as the character who first turned it on has died.
(Source : Chion, Michel. (1994) Audio-Vision : Sound on Screen. (Trans. Claudia Gorbman) Columbia University Press.)
Bibliography: English - Español - Français - Deutch - Italiano


text:
Difference Between Now and Know
Now vs Know
In its most basic sense, the words "now" and "know" shouldn't be confused with each other as "now" denotes time while "know" pertains to a sense of understanding or having knowledge. By this it means that having known or knowing something signifies that you have internalized some information inside your head. Like when you ask, "What is happening now?" you are asking about the current activity at the present time. In another question, "Do you know of someone by the name of…" it seeks (from the one being asked) some knowledge or understanding about the question.
"Now" can serve multiple roles as an adverb, conjunction, adjective, and noun. As an adverb, it pertains to the current time (excludes everything in the future and in the past). Another adverb role of "now" is in the sentence, "Let's answer the exam now!" wherein there is some sense of urgency in the action which must be done at once. If you use "now" like this, "We can't do anything now." the message implied is more in the present situation rather than in the present time. The word "now" can also be used along with some time indicators in a single sentence like "…for ten days now." which implies that an action or event has been occurring for some time already up to the present. "Now" can be a preface word for statements or remarks that warrant somebody else's attention, "Now what will you do?" In addition, the word "now" also has an informal use when you are somewhat hesitating like in the sentence, "Now where were we?"
With regard to its other functions, "now" can also serve as a conjunction similar to the word "since" as in the sentence "He can buy an expensive smartphone now that he has a good-paying job." As a noun, the word "now" shares the same meaning or definition when it is used as an adverb to denote time. In the example, "Now is the perfect opportunity to confess my feelings to her." The word "now" has become the subject and, therefore, the noun of the sentence while retaining the same meaning of current time. As an adjective, "now" can be used like this, "The now look in womenswear fascinates fashion experts." This informal usage of "now" describes the word "look" and means "the latest fashion trend."
By contrast, the word "know" is mostly used as a verb either in its transitive or intransitive forms like, "I know he can make it!" In this example, there is that firm belief or conviction that something will really take place. In another example, "I know all about the elements in the periodic table." This would mean that the knowledge is firmly secured in the mind or, at least, attached to the memory.
1."Now" denotes the time at present while "know" pertains to a sense of understanding about particular information or subject matter.
2."Now" can also be used informally as an adjective and as an adverb when hesitating.
3.As an adverb, "now" can indicate a sense of urgency and grabs somebody else's attention when prefaced in a sentence.
4."Know" is mostly used as a verb.
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2021 Federal Poverty Level (FPL) Calculator
The 2021 federal poverty level (FPL) for a single person residing in the 48 contiguous states or Washington, D.C. is $12,880. In Alaska, the federal poverty level for a single person is $16,090 and in Hawaii it is $14,820. To calculate larger household sizes or get percentages such as 133% of the FPL, or 135%, 138%, 150%, 175%, and so forth please use the free calculator tool below.
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Hadjiyiannis Mexis
From Phantis
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Hadjiyiannis Mexis was a Greek financier and political representative of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire (1821 - 1829).
Mexis was born circa 1756 in Spetses, the son of Theodoros Mexis who hailed from Lambovo, Northern Epirus. He amassed a large fortune as a ship owner and a merchant and gained much influence in Spetses. During the War of Independence, he used his fortune to finance the war effort, providing war ships and lending money to the revolutionary government.
He attended the First National Assembly as a representative of Spetses between December 1821 and January 1822. On September 8, 1822, he successfully led the effort to defend the island against an attempted Turkish invasion.
After the war, Mexis served as a senator and a delegate from Spetses. He was honoured for his services to Greece by King Otto with the medal of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour in 1841.
He died on August 23, 1844. His mansion in Spetses serves a museum of the War of Independence.


Definitions: One says that a map $\pi\colon\mathcal X\to X$ from an algebraic stack to an algebraic space is a good moduli space if $\pi$ is cohomologically affine and universal for maps to schemes. (A good (but not equivalent) way to think about a stack whose good moduli space is a single point is that for any two points, the closure of their orbits intersect.)
One says that a stack $\mathcal X$ is a quotient stack if it is the quotient of an algebraic space by a subgroup of GL_n (see for instance EHKV, which also gives a criterion for a stack to be a quotient stack in terms of vector bundles).
One says that a stack has the resolution property if every coherent sheaf is a quotient of some vector bundle; Totaro's paper The resolution property for schemes and stacks relates the property of being a quotient stack to the resolution property.
Question: Let $\mathcal X$ be a stack with a good moduli space $\mathcal X \to X$ such that X is a geometric point (i.e., X = Spec k, where k is a separably closed field). Suppose further that the stabilizers are affine linearly reductive groups. Is $\mathcal X$ a quotient stack?
(See this answer for the definition of stabilizer of a point of a stack that isn't a quotient stack.)
 1. The condition on stabilizers excludes things like BE with E an elliptic curve.
 2. The condition that k is separably closed excludes non-trivial gerbes.
 3. I'd be just as happy with an answer to "Does the resolution property hold for $\mathcal X$?".
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ This is an interesting question. Here is a specific instance: let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $\mathcal X_n$ be the stack over $\mathbb C$ of nodal proper curves of genus 0 with at most $n$ nodes. One shows that it satisfies the conditions above. It is a quotient stack for $n \leq 1$, but I don't know the answer for any $n \geq 2$. $\endgroup$ – Angelo Feb 28 '11 at 7:03
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ The stack $\mathcal{X}_n$ is not a global quotient stack for $n\geq 2$ (Kresch: Flattening stratification and the stack of partial stabilisations of prestable curves). But, as noted by David Zureick-Brown in arxiv:_PHONE_, $\mathcal{X}_n\to \mathrm{Spec}(\mathbb{C})$ is not a good moduli space so this does not answer the question. $\endgroup$ – David Rydh Feb 5 '13 at 19:10
This is answered in general by Theorem 13.1 in our paper The étale local structure of algebraic stacks (arXiv:1912.06162). Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a stack with a good moduli space $X$ such that
 1. $\mathcal{X}$ has affine stabilizers,
 2. $\mathcal{X}$ has separated diagonal, and
 3. $\mathcal{X}$ is of finite presentation over an algebraic space.
Then $\mathcal{X}$ has the resolution property étale-locally (and even Nisnevich-locally) on $X$. In particular, if $X$ is the spectrum of a field or a henselian local ring, then $\mathcal{X}$ has the resolution property.
Conditions 1 and 2 are necessary. Note that having the resolution property locally on $X$ implies that $\mathcal{X}$ has affine diagonal.
In general $\mathcal{X}$ does not have the resolution property Zariski-locally on $X$. There is an example in SGA 3, Exp X, §1.6 (cf. Remark 2.5 in our paper), of a 2-dimensional torus $G$ over the nodal cubic curve $C$ such that $G$ is not locally isotrivial. This means that $G$ cannot be embedded in $\mathrm{GL}_N$ for any $N$, not even Zariski-locally on $C$. It follows that $\mathcal{X}=BG$ does not have the resolution property Zariski-locally on its good moduli space $X=C$.
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Urban tourism
Urban tourism is not just about attracting visitors, increasingly it is about managing flows of tourists. Many city destinations pursue active policies to limit the number of visitors and their impact on quality of life in the city. However, for many tourists are also a source of revenue, leading to urban challenges.
Managing impacts
Famous cities and established tourism regions profit from growing foreign and domestic tourism, but also experience negative impacts. Cases such as Venice, Barcelona and Amsterdam show that strong visitor flows can have negative impacts on local quality of life. This leads to a trend of managing tourism, instead of tourism promotion.
Addressing all urbanites
Erasmus UPTs experts consult and research many questions of urban tourism. We offer a unique data-driven perspective on tourism development, where we measure economics, social and environmental impacts of tourism.
Actual questions our experts are working on: What is the impact of Airbnb on local quality of life? Do short term rental services increase local house prices? How is social cohesion in cities affected by tourism? How to address crowding due to over tourism?
Thorough and fact-based
By combining data research and strategy building, we can help cities and marketing organisations, as well as tourism policy makers, make better decisions. And thereby help economies and citizens thrive.
Relevant projects
 What can Erasmus UPT do for you?
 Our researchers
 Anna Bornioli, senior researcher Erasmus UPT
 Anna Bornioli PhD
 Senior researcher transport and urban economics
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 Susan Vermeulen MSc
 Junior researcher urban and transport economics
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 Jeroen van Haaren MSc
 Senior researcher urban economics and real estate
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We present an optical method for nondirectional edge extraction/enhancement in color images. The method is based on the capability of twisted-nematic LCDs to traduce the image information in changes of the state of polarization of light, which allows us to generate simultaneously two replicas of the digital image displayed on the LCD: a true-color ("positive") image and a complementary-color ("negative") one. In our setup the imaging system consists of a lens plus a pupil mask formed with concentric apertures and orthogonal polarizers. This layout allows us to simultaneously image a well-focused positive replica (due to the circular aperture) superimposed to a slightly defocused negative one (due to the annular aperture). It is not difficult to demonstrate that this generates a nondirectional (Laplacian) edge enhancement. Unlike Fourier, our proposal works with incoherent illumination and does not require precise alignment, and thus, it could be a useful tool for edge extraction/enhancement in large images in real-time applications. Validation experiments are presented.
© 2011 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


The Basics of Applying for Legal Aid in Victoria
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Lady JusticeWritten by Amelia Ramsay, Associate, Doogue + George Defence Lawyers
How am I going to afford a lawyer? Can I get legal aid to help me pay for legal representation? These are usually some of the earliest questions that arise when someone has been charged with a criminal offence and needs to go to Court. Here is some information about what you will need to apply for legal aid in Victoria and some information about eligibility.
The Application Process
When you meet with your lawyer, you will need to ask them about applying for legal aid funding for your matter. What this means is that a lawyer will apply to Victoria Legal Aid on your behalf and ask them to fund part or all of your legal fees.
You will first need to complete an application form. Below is a link to the form. You may wish to complete the form in advance of your meeting with a lawyer or simply familiarise yourself with the questions you will be asked.
Lawyers who are familiar with legal aid in Victoria will generally conduct a preliminary means test with you when you first ask for legal aid. The main factor will be how much money you earn. If you earn over the threshold amount or have any large assets then a lawyer will generally advise that it is not worth making an application. However, there are some factors that will tilt the scales in favour of legal aid funding including whether you have children you support, debts, credit cards and loans. If the money going out is more than the money coming in, your lawyer may advise you to make an application.
Once the form is completed and necessary supporting documentation forwarded to Victoria Legal Aid, they will assess your application and provide a response. It may take a couple of weeks to receive a response depending on how complicated your financial situation is.
There are three main factors that determine your eligibility for legal aid assistance.
 1. Your financial situation using a means test;
 2. What your case is about; and
 3. The benefit you are likely to get from your legal case.
The means test considers:
 - money you get from work, Centrelink benefits or other sources
 - if you own anything of value, like a house or a car
 - your weekly living expenses.
The means test also looks at whether you support anyone else, or if they support you. Importantly, your partner's income and assets are usually included when determining whether you are eligible for assistance.
You will need to provide evidence to support what you tell your lawyer about your financial situation. This might include bank statements, loan documents or a rates notice – both yours and your partner's. If you receive a Centrelink benefit, you will be asked to provide authority for Victoria Legal Aid to contact Centrelink and obtain confirmation of your entitlements. The sooner your gather all this material together and provide it to your lawyer, the sooner your application will be processed. If you are able to provide copies during your first meeting with your lawyer, you are already winning.
To prepare, make a list of the income you receive whether it is from paid employment, rent paid to you or dividends from shares. Then make a list of all your expenditure, bills, loan repayments, credit card debts, your child's care or education or support and what you spend on food.
Secondly, what your case is about will determine whether you are eligible for legal aid funding. This includes whether your charges are summary or indictable; what type of charges – such as violence, dishonesty, sexual offences, homicide or terrorism; which Court you are required to attend; and whether you plan to plead guilty or not guilty.
Thirdly, the benefit you are likely to get from your legal case. Victoria Legal Aid wants to know that their financial assistance is going to make a difference to what happens with your matter. This does not mean you have to guarantee that you will win but there needs to be some sort of benefit. That may be shortening the length of a trial or the difference between a sentence involving imprisonment and a community-based order.
The main factor you need to be concerned with is your financial situation and providing evidence or documentation to support what you put in your application form. Your lawyer and Victoria Legal Aid will work out the rest.
If you are granted financial assistance in your matter, you must remember to report any changes to your income or financial situation during the life of your Court matter. In some cases, this could be for a few years. Similar to a Centrelink allowance, if you start earning more money it is likely that your funding will be reduced and if you fail to report the change, you may be asked to repay money down the track.
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text: Shaula, bright star in the constellation Scorpius; Bayer designation Lambda Scorpii; 1992 position R.A. 17h33.7m, Dec. - 37°06−. A bluish-white star of spectral class B1 V, its apparent magnitude of 1.62 makes it one of the 25 brightest stars in the sky. Shaula is a spectroscopic binary star. Its distance from the earth is about 300 light-years. Its name is from the Arabic, meaning "raised part of the scorpion's tail."


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The Really Useful Book of Learning and Earning (RUBLE) for Care Leavers
The Really Useful Book of Learning and Earning for Care Leavers is for young adults (aged 16-25) in England who have recently left care, or are in the process of leaving care. It provides useful information, advice and activities to help care leavers get used to living independently and make decisions about education and work. It includes information about taking up learning or paid work, care leavers' rights and what support they can get. There is also an accompanying staff guide.


Battle of Morava–Ivan
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Battle of Morava–Ivan
Part of the Greco-Italian War
Kathimerini cropped.jpg
Kathimerini announcing the "triumph of the Greek arms".
Date14–23 November 1940
Morava mountains, south-east Albania
Coordinates: 40°35′N 20°40′E / 40.583°N 20.667°E / 40.583; 20.667
Greek victory
Albania Albania
Commanders and leaders
Kingdom of Italy Gabriele Nasci Kingdom of Greece Alexandros Papagos
Kingdom of Greece Ioannis Pitsikas
Kingdom of Greece Georgios Kosmas
Units involved
Kingdom of Italy XXVI Corps
Albania Albanian battalions [1][2]
Kingdom of Greece Western Macedonia Section
200 field guns
198 field guns
Casualties and losses
unknown killed & wounded
1,000+ soldiers, 11 officers and plenty of ammunition captured [3]
624 killed
2,348 wounded
The battle of Morava–Ivan was the first major Greek offensive in the Greco-Italian War of _PHONE_. It took place on the eastern flank of the Greek-Italian front, where the Italian forces had remained on the defensive during the initial Italian invasion toward Epirus. It was a major success for the Greek forces, not only on operational terms, but also as a morale boost, as the breaching of Morava–Ivan line led to the fall of the city of Korçë to Greek hands, and made news internationally.
Initial conception[edit]
The plans for the offensive had been laid by the Greek General Staff before the start of the war. Following the torpedoing of the Greek cruiser Elli by an Italian submarine on 15 August 1940, the Greek authorities became certain that an Italian invasion was imminent and started to assess the situation. Greek intelligence had revealed fairly accurately the Italian disposition of forces in Albania, which showed that the Italian forces planned to attack towards Epirus while keeping a defensive posture on the Macedonian sector. The Greek plan was finalised in the second half of September. The Greek forces in North-Western Macedonia would keep a defensive posture, potentially improving the positions with limited attacks in Albanian ground, until the necessary forces arrived. The objective of the offensive was to boost the morale of the Greek forces and the nation in general, as well as to capture the important transportation centre that was Korçë.
28 October – 13 November[edit]
The Greek forces available on the sector were the 9th Infantry Division and the 4th Infantry Brigade (soon expanded into the 15th Infantry Division), under the III Army Corps. In the first three days of the war, they were not attacked in any appreciable scale. From 1–6 November, they began their own limited offensives, entering in some places Albania. During these clashes, it was revealed that they faced the Parma, Piemonte and Venezia divisions of the Italian XXVI Corps.
Map of the Greek counter-offensive during the Greco-Italian War.
The terrain was very favourable for defence, although it afforded little strategic depth. The Greek and Italian positions were separated by the Devoll river valley. North of the valley lay the Morava mountain, a continuation of the Grammos mountains, with a maximum altitude of 1,808 metres (1,977 yd). North of the Morava is the Korçë plateau. The Morava massif provided good defensive positions for the Italians but the lack of depth meant that if the defences on Morava collapsed, they had no option but to abandon Korçë and the Korçë plateau and retreat north to the Kandauian mountains. The upper Devoll valley communicated with the Korçë plateau through the Cangonj pass, which was defined by the Morava on the south and the Ivan mountain on the north. The Ivan mountain is steep and reaches the height of 1,770 metres (1,940 yd). Through the Cangonj pass was a paved road and another hard surfaced road, in the southern part of Morava, crossed the mountain towards Korce.
Opposing forces[edit]
"Greek attack" by Georgios Prokopiou.
Greek artillery observer
By 13 November, the Greek forces concentrated for the attack were the 10th, 9th and 15th (the former 4th Βrigade) Divisions, all under III Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Georgios Tsolakoglou, which in turn was subordinate to West Macedonia Army Section under Lt. Gen. Ioannis Pitsikas. The 11th and 13th Divisions were on the march to further reinforce the Greek forces. During the battle, the "K" Group of Divisions (Ομάς Μεραρχιών «Κ») was created under Lt. Gen. Georgios Kosmas, taking the 10th and 11th Divisions under its command.
On the Italian side, there was the XXVI Corps, with the Parma, Piemonte and Venezia Divisions on the front, and the Arezzo Division as the reserve corps. Additional reinforcements in the form of the Alpini Division Tridentina and other Alpini elements began arriving from 13 November, but were committed piece-meal and had little impact.
The Greek plan was to put the main effort on the left, along the mountainous road through the village Darza, rather through the Cangonj pass, as there were fears that the Italians could use armour through the relatively flat terrain of the Cangonj pass. The Greeks would attack with the 15th Division on the right (toward Cangonj), the 9th in the centre and the 10th on the left. The 15th had the task of approaching the Cangonj pass, between Ivan and Morava, and capturing if possible its western exit. The 9th would attack toward the Morava mountain, coordinating its left flank with the 10th Division. The 10th Division had the task of penetrating the Italian position, through the use of surprise, and if possible flank the Italian positions atop of Morava.
Air Operations[edit]
In 14 November, aircraft of the 32nd and 33rd Bomber Squadrons attack the airports of Korytsa and Argyrokastro, destroying many Italian planes (Greek loss was only one Bristol Blenheim with the killed Sminagos Charalambous Stamatios, Sminagos Papageorgiou Konstantinos and Dimitrios). Also Potez 25 planes of the 4th Military Cooperation Squadron carry out reconnaissance, bombing and shelling of enemy units. A plane is hit resulting in the death of the pilot, Lieutenant Commander Yaka Dimitriou. Finally, the Prosecution Squadrons make 42 exits in the area of Korytsa. During the air battles, the Italians lost three Fiat CR.42, while four Greek PZLs suffered damage. [4]
After four days, 18/11, three Bristol Blenheim of the 32nd Bombing Squadron take off with the mission of bombing Argyrokastro. But because there is heavy cloud in the area, one of the planes drops its bombs on Premeti, where the Italians had stored significant quantities of ammunition, fuel and other supplies. For three days and nights the ammunition was being burned and blown up. [5]
In 22 November, three Henschel Hs 126 aircraft locate an eight-kilometer-long enemy phalanx retreating from Korytsa to Pogradec. A strong force of 15 Potez 630, Bristol Blenheim and Fairey Battle aircraft of the Bombing Squadrons rush for reinforcements, resulting in the complete destruction of the Italian phalanx. On the way back to the airport one of the Henschels encounters 15 Italian pursuers and is hit in the gas boiler. The Greek aircraft catches fire and the crew abandons it. The pilot, Subcommander Sideris Dimitrios, succumbed to his injuries, while the observer survived. [6]
International News[edit]
The New York Times said that the Greeks had administered the first real defeat which the land forces of the Axis powers had suffered, and that it will be the glory of Modern Greece, that they dissolved the undefeated. New York Herald Tribune also mentioned that the Greek army proved worthy of its ancestors. It succeeded in the first big defeat, which took place during this big war. [7][8][9] The victory, after all, had a huge impact in the Near East. A telegram from a Times correspodent of London talked about disorders in Syria, and resolving concerns in Egypt who feared an Italian invasion (Italian invasion of Egypt) as well as thoughts of combining Greek victories in Epirus with new blows against the Italians in Libya. In an extensive article the Times of London described the new strategic situation that was consolidating in the Mediterranean after the Italian retreat. It is also noteworthy that even in movies being made in Hollywood at the time there were references about the Greek victory in Korytsa.[10][11]
 1. ^, "Οι ιταλικές δυνάμεις που είχαν αναπτυχθεί..θα αποτελούσε το 2ο κλιμάκιο
 2. ^, "Some 3,500 Albanian volunteers accompanied the advance"
 3. ^ Αρχείο �


The Dilemma of Choice
Some people know what they want to study and what they want to become like the back of their hand. They start building their foundations in a way that gets them closer to their goals. While some other people just can't decide what they want to pursue, either because they are good at a lot of things, or because they feel they are good at none. In both cases, they need help and counselling to arrive at a decision to choose their higher studies and future plans.
Questions to ask yourself to know what you want to study
 1. What are you good at?
The very first question you need to answer is what you like to study that you are good at. Not only introspect on this, but also compare your grades in those subjects to assess what you are good at. Make a list of those subjects.
 1. What don't you want to do?
Regardless of your like and dislike, figure out the subject that you don't want to take up as your career. You can do this evaluating the job opportunities that you have in that field of study and the kind of work you'd have to do. Use your imagination and decide whether or not you think you want to take it up as your specialization.
 1. Are you thinking practically?
Yes, thinking practically is a good thing and it doesn't mean you are killing your soul. It means that you are thinking about your future and your potential development in your career.
If you are stuck between choosing one option of two that you like, think about the kind of university that provides sufficient education that can prepare you to earn your living; the availability and affordability of such a university, and the scope for longterm growth. It is also possible to take up one of the choices as a major career path while pursuing a minor in the other one, so that you can study both but also build clear goals without letting your enthusiasm about various things disrupt your ammbitions.


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In evolutionary game theory, it is typical to model organisms as having a base fitness that is modified slightly by the game interaction. The ratio of the game effect versus the base fitness determines the strength of selection, with weak selection meaning the game modifies overall fitness only slightly, and strong selection meaning that the game payoff is a big part of the overall fitness of the organism.
Most analytic models like to assume weak selection because it allows the authors to Taylor expand the selection function and linearize it by dropping terms that are higher order in the stength of selection. However, it is unclear that results derived for weak selection would necessarily hold under strong selection. Are there mathematical (or computational) models where weak and strong selection produce qualitatively different results? If not, is there an argument as to why weak and strong selection should produce the same results?
I've also seen this discussion come up outside of evolutionary game theory, in a more general biological setting. In particular, with respect to inclusive fitness. The take away message I got was that in the regime of weak selection relatedness means what you expect it to mean, but for strong selection the concept becomes very slippery and counter-intuitive. What does inclusive fitness theory tell us about going from weak to strong selection? Again, I prefer arguments supported by clean mathematical or computational models over ones based on intuition and words alone.
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I haven't had time to look closely at it, but you might find this paper interesting: Wu et al. 2010. Universality of weak selection. ArXiv. It seems like they try to bend the rules and study differences between models. – fileunderwater Jan 9 at 21:33
_USER_ thanks, I found that paper shortly after I asked the question and it is extremely relevant, I've been meaning to give a self-answer based on it but have been too busy with other things. – Artem Kaznatcheev Jan 9 at 22:52
1 Answer 1
It has been shown that predictions based on weak selection can be different from that on strong selection. In fact, for rare mutations, each strategy has stationary distribution at the mutation selection equilibrium. The rank of the component depicts the relative prevalence of the available strategies. Yet the rank of the components of this distribution can change with the selection intensity. Thus results obtained under weak selection can not generally carry over to strong selection.
For more details, please refer to Fig. 1 in [1] and Fig. 2 in the supplementary information of [2].
1 Julián García and Arne Traulsen, (2012), Journal of Theoretical Biology, Leaving the loners alone: Evolution of cooperation in the presence of antisocial punishment
2 Christoph Hauert, Arne Traulsen, Hannelore Brandt, Martin A. Nowak and Karl Sigmund, (2007), Science, Via freedom to coercion: the emergence of costly punishment
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