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Chewing: We don't think about it, we just do it. But biologists don't know a lot about how chewing behavior leaves telltale signs on the underlying bones. To find out, researchers at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo have been studying the jaw joints of carnivorans, the large mammalian order that includes dogs, cats and bears.
Last week, the scientists described results that they didn't expect to find. In the paper, published online on Aug. 24 in PLOS ONE, they reported that the jaw joint bone, the center around which chewing activity revolves (literally), appears to have evolved based more on an animal's size than what it eats.
While focused on carnivorans, the research may also provide some clues to how jaw joints function in general, including in humans and could improve the understanding of temporomandibular disorders (TMJ), which cause pain in the jaw joint and in the muscles that control the jaw.
"Even though it is clear that the carnivoran jaw joint is important for feeding, no one knew if jaw joint bone structure across species was related to the mechanical demands of feeding," explained M. Aleksander Wysocki, first author and a doctoral student in the new computational cell biology, anatomy and pathology graduate program in the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences in the Jacobs School.
Wysocki and co-author Jack Tseng, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences in the Jacobs School, took a multifaceted approach. They examined 40 different carnivoran species from bobcats to wolves, looking at the jaw joint bone called the mandibular condyle.
The jaw's pivot point
"The mandibular condyle is the pivot point of the jaw, it functions similarly to the way the bolt of a door hinge does," Wysocki said. "Studies have shown that this joint is loaded with force during chewing."
He noted that the team was especially interested in the intricate, spongey bone structures inside the jaw joint, also known as trabecular bone. "We thought that this part of the skull would be the best candidate for determining relationships between food type and anatomy."
For example, because hyenas crush bone while consuming their prey, it could be assumed that their jaw joints would need to be capable of exerting significant force. "On the other hand, an animal that eats plants wouldn't be expected to require that kind of jaw joint structure," he said. "But we found that diet has a weaker relationship with skull anatomy than we thought. Mostly it's the animals' size that determines jaw joint structure and mechanical properties."
The researchers took computed tomography (CT) scan data of skulls from 40 species at the American Museum of Natural History, then built 3D models of them, from which they extracted the internal bone structure. Using a 3D printer, the scientists then printed 3D cores, based on virtual "core samples" taken from the mandibular condyle of each jaw joint, which they then scaled and tested for strength.
"Using a compression gauge, we measured how rigid these jaw joint structures were and how much force they could withstand," Wysocki said.
No significant correlation
The testing revealed no significant correlations between the shape or mechanical performance of the jaw joint bone and the diets of particular carnivorans.
"The mandibular condyle absorbs compressive force during chewing so we hypothesized that this was a part of the skull that was likely to be influenced by what the animal eats," Wysocki said. "It turns out that body size is the key factor determining the complexity of jaw joint bone structure and strength."
He noted that some previous research has revealed that despite the wide variety of diets consumed by different carnivorans, the overall skull shape is considerably influenced by non-feeding variables.
"Still, given how critical the temporomandibular joint is in capturing prey and eating it, these results are very striking," he said. "For over a century, it has been assumed that skull shape is closely related to what an animal eats. And now we have found that jaw joint bone structure is related to carnivoran body size, not what the animal is eating."
Wysocki said that the reasons for this apparent disconnect may be that larger carnivorans don't need such powerful jaws because they are proportionately larger than their prey, or possibly because they share the work involved by hunting in groups. He also said that other factors such as developmental constraints of bone structure could play a role in producing the trends observed in the study.
"Our research shows that factors other than diet need to be considered when attempting to understand jaw joint function," Wysocki concluded. "It turns out that the functional anatomy of the jaw joint is much more complex than we thought."
For the record, the findings revealed that the species that demonstrated the greatest maximum compressive strength during chewing force simulations, was the wolverine (Gulo gulo), followed by the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), the malagasy civet (Fossa fossana), the honey badger (Mellivora capensis) and the kinkajou (Potos flavus).
source : sciencedaily.com


Does radar work when cops are driving the opposite way?
Q: Can cops really still get an accurate radar account of your vehicle speed while they are driving from the opposite direction while pointing the radar gun?
A: Yes.
"It's called a moving radar," State Patrol Sgt. J.J. Gundermann said. "The radar in the patrol car calculates the patrol car's speed and the speed of a vehicle either approaching from the opposite direction or another vehicle approaching from the rear."
Another common question is whether or not radar guns work in the rain. Follow the link in the previous sentence to learn the answer.
Questions may be edited or paraphrased.
Casey McNerthney
Comments are closed.


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GENOVA - Italy is waging war on a group of American invaders that are threatening the existence of their European peers. American grey squirrels, which were first introduced into Europe in 1948, have thrived in the parks of the northeastern region of Liguria since the 1960s.
With 10-inch-long bodies, equally long tails and a weight that can reach 21 oz., American grey squirrels are bigger than European red squirrels. These strong Americans invaders steal the Europeans food and carry diseases that are lethal to locals.
To defend the indigenous squirrel population, Liguria, Piemonte and Lombardia regions, as well as the Italian Environment ministry, have launched a project aimed at uprooting the estimated 300 American grey squirrels living in the Levante Genovese Park. The cost of the war against American squirrels nearly 2 million euros is partially covered by the European Union.
This squirrel war has its general, Andrea Balduzzi, a professor of natural sciences at the University of Genoa. At dawn, the professor and his student troops go after the invaders, armed with traps and cages. Once caught, the animals are transferred to vets to be sterilized before being released in natural parks. And it seems all is fair in love and war: squirrels caught outside the park are executed by euthanasia.
*This is a digest item, not a direct translation.
Read the full article in Italian by Alessandra Pieracci
Photo - Il conte di Luna

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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(ATA, AT Attachment or "Integrated Drive Electronics", IDE) A disk drive interface standard based on the IBM PC ISA 16-bit bus but also used on other personal computers. ATA specifies the power and data signal interfaces between the motherboard and the integrated disk controller and drive. The ATA "bus" only supports two devices - master and slave.
ATA drives may in fact use any physical interface the manufacturer desires, so long as an embedded translator is included with the proper ATA interface. ATA "controllers" are actually direct connections to the ISA bus.
Originally called IDE, the ATA interface was invented by Compaq around 1986, and was developed with the help of Western Digital, Imprimis, and then-upstart Conner Peripherals. Efforts to standardise the interface started in 1988; the first draft appeared in March 1989, and a finished version was sent to ANSI group X3T10 (who named it "Advanced Technology Attachment" (ATA)) for ratification in November 1990.
X3T10 later extended ATA to Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2), followed by ATA-3 and ATA-4.
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Nearby terms: Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface « Advanced Software Environment « Advanced STatistical Analysis Program « Advanced Technology Attachment » Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions » Advanced Video Coding » Advanced WavEffect


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Aurin names - Wildstar
This name generator will give you 10 random names for the Aurin part of the Wildstar universe.
The Aurin are a race of humanoid beings with large rabbit ears and feline features like claws and long tails. They live in the forests and as such have developed a wide range of fur and skin colors, although they're no longer as diverse as they once were back in the distant past.
Aurin first names are often soft and quite melodic, but like their forests their names also have various harsher elements.
Surnames are compound names made up of 2 words which are often related to nature in some way. Names like 'Sungrass' and 'Redleaf' for example.


NAME YamlTime - YAML-based Personal Time Tracking App SYNOPSIS > yt help DESCRIPTION YamlTime is an application that allows you do your personal project time tracking from the command line. It saves your data in plain text YAML files. You can use a version control system (like git) to back up the data. YamlTime can supports multiple customers, multiple projects and multiple rates. It has reporting, spreadsheets, tagging, time/tag selection and 3rd party plugin modules. YamlTime comes with a command line app called "yt" that does everything. COMMAND LINE USAGE The following commands are supported. yt - Show current yt status of today's tasks yt help - Get help yt help - Get help for a specific command yt init - Create a new YamlTime store yt new - Start a new task yt stop - Stop the current task yt go - Restart the current task yt create - Create a new task for a specific date/time yt edit - Edit a task's yaml file in $EDITOR yt dump - Read a task file and print to STDOUT yt delete - Delete a task file yt check - Check the data in the range for errors yt status - Show the current yt status yt report - Create a report for a time period using a certain reporting style The command will prompt you for some information. You can use tab completion for many of the fields. The values that you put in your config files are the values that are offered (and the only ones you can use). Some of the fields may be left blank. You can use "yt edit" to fix up any task, later on. Options yt commands have the following options: --from= Commands that need a time range, use this to set the start time. The default is the previous midnight. A human friendly string can be used, like: '3 days ago'. --to= Commands that need a time range, use this to set the end time. The default is now. --tag= A comma separated list of tags. Matches tasks the match all the tags. You can specify more than once to combine ('or' logig) groups. --style= This names a YamlTime reporting style. The default is CSV, which can be used as a spreadsheet. KUDOS Many thanks to the good people of Strategic Data in Melbourne Victoria Australia, for supporting me and this project. \o/ SEE ALSO * YAML AUTHOR Ingy döt Net COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright (c) 2011. Ingy döt Net. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See


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- Keywords: data augmentation, generalization, image classification
- Abstract: Data augmentation by mixing samples, such as Mixup, has widely been used typically for classification tasks. However, this strategy is not always effective due to the gap between augmented samples during training and clean samples. This gap may prevent a classifier from learning the optimal decision boundary and increases the generalization error. To overcome this problem, we propose an alternative framework called Data Interpolating Prediction (DIP). Unlike common data augmentations, we encapsulate the sample-mixing process in the hypothesis class of a classifier so that train and test samples are treated equally. We derive the generalization bound and show that DIP reduces the original Rademacher complexity. Also, we empirically demonstrate that DIP can outperform existing Mixup.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Payer Address Verification
Address verification allows users to validate addresses against the United States Postal Services (USPS) directory in order to make corrections before claims or letters are sent to the patient. The system will automatically verify the address in real-time. Address Verification is managed in the Services section.
If Address Verification is not included in your price plan, your invoice will reflect a charge each time a verification was made.
This feature will only determine if the address is on file with the USPS. If the system is unable to validate the address with the USPS, you will be given an option to Ignore the address which will remove the invalid address message.
Follow the steps below to perform an address verification for a payer.
 1. Select Customer Setup > Payers.
 2. Click the New Payer button. Or use the Search field to search through your payers.
 3. Select the Payer.
 4. Click the Verify Address link.
 1. An invalid address will return as "This address is invalid" message, click on the "See Suggestion" link.
 2. Click Use Suggestion to apply the suggested address. Or Click Ignore to leave the address as is.
 3. If the suggestion is used, a green checkmark will appear with the message "This address was successfully verified."
 5. Click Save.


The Thief's Story Extra Questions Class 10 English CBSE/UP Board
'The thief's Story' extra questions will help in understanding the lesson. Extra questions help in revising the chapter and develop capability in designing answers to any question asked from the chapters. here are given Short as well as Long answer type questions and their answers. Go through them properly.
Extra Questions: The Thief's Story Class 10 English Book 'Footprints without Feet'
Short Questions and Answers
Question 1: Why did Hari Singh approach Anil?
Answer: Hari Singh was a thief who had not much luck in his work recently. So, he approached Anil with the intention of robbing him, as he seemed to be an easy-going and simple man. According to Hari, winning Anil's confidence was an easy task.
Question 2: 'Anil walked away. I followed casually.' Why do you think the narrator followed Anil?
Answer: The narrator's purpose of robbing Anil had not yet been served. He followed Anil to gain his trust and to look for an opportunity that may help him give shape to his plans. Though he was a thief so he wanted to be educated like him.
Question 3: Was Hari Singh successful in robbing Anil? Was Anil the only one who was robbed or did Hari also rob himself of something?
Answer: Yes, Hari Singh was successful in robbing Anil. But Anil was not the only one who was robbed at that time. Hari had robbed himself as well. He had lost the chance of receiving education and being literate.
He had robbed Anil monetarily but he had robbed himself of the chance for a better and brighter future, which was much more valuable.
Question 4: What did Anil and Hari agree upon to be the mode of payment?
Answer: When Anil started his inability to pay Hari, Anil questioned Hari if he could feed Hari. Hari realised that he had misjudged his target and moulded the situation for his benefit. Anil then agreed to feed him if he knew how to cook.
Question 5: What made Hari Singh go back to Anil's house?
Answer: Hari Singh realised the importance of education he was receiving from Anil. He knew that learning how to read and write and being a literate person would open doors to many opportunities. He was sure that he would then be able to earn more than a few hundred rupees he had in had at that time. This made him go back to Anil.
Question 6: Did Hari like working for Anil? Give reasons in support of your answers.
Answer: Yes, Hari liked working for Anil. He was happy to carry on the chores for him and was grateful for the education he was receiving. He used to make profit of about a rupee a day as well, which was a decent amount besides being fed.
Question 7: Why was it difficult for Hari to rob Anil?
Answer: It was difficult for Hari to rob Anil because Anil was the most trusting person Hari had ever met. He was really simple and kind. Hari knew that loss of money will not affect Anil but the loss of trust will make him sad.
Question 8: State the events that took place on the night of the theft?
Answer: After stealing Anil's money and leaving Anil's house, Hari went to the railway station but didn't board the train to Lucknow. He walked slowly through the bazaar as he did not know anyone who would provide him shelter except Anil, for he didn't have any friends. He was forced to take shelter under the clock tower later when it started raining heavily.
Question 9: How was the morning after the theft?
Answer: The morning after the night of the theft was just like a normal one. Hari woke up late and Anil had made tea by then. Anil gave a fifty rupee note to Hari and told him that he will now be paid regularly. Hari was aware that Anil knew about the theft but he didn't show anything.
Question 10: How you do think Anil may have come to know about the theft?
Answer: Anil may have come to know about the theft because of the dampness of the notes because of rain. He was a kind but wise man. It wouldn't have been difficult for Anil to make out the series of events that would have taken place in the night.
Question 11: Had Anil really forgiven Hari Singh? Support your answer with evidence
Answer: Yes, Anil had forgiven Hari Singh. It is evident because Anil handed over to Hari a fifty rupee note as soon as Hari woke up. Though he knew Hari had robbed the money at first but his subsequent action gave him hope of change in Hari's character.
Question 12: In which queer way did Anil make a living?
Answer: Anil made a living by writing for magazines which seemed queer for Hari, because the money was earned by fits and starts and not on a regular basis.
Long Questions and Answers
Question 1: Money can't make a man as much as education can. Elucidate the statement.
Answer: The statement stands true in almost all the aspects of life. Money may but us all the luxuries and fulfil our needs but it cannot buy us knowledge, civilised thinking, skill and abilities to achieve our dreams. Education lays the platform for all to act upon our goals according to our abilities. Education enables us to keep up with the fast-moving world. It opens the door to opportunities we do not know even exist. Money, on the other hand, can assist us to a certain level. It can buy us a plan but education gives us the knowledge of its execution. Just as in the story 'A Thief's Story'.
Hari Singh befriends the struggling author 'Anil', in the plans of making a steal. Anil, the author is a good fellow and wants to teach Hari Singh how to read and write. Gradually, he develops trust in Hari Singh. But Hari Singh has been waiting for the right moment to steal the valuables of Anil. After stealing money from Anil, Hari Singh tries to go away forever. But some inner voice stops him from doing so. He returned to Anil because he wants to live a life of respect. This shows that Hari Singh prioritised the chance of being literate over a few hundred rupees; we must understand that education can help us to achieve whatever we desire.
Question 2: Hari Singh didn't board the express and returned to Anil. Why did he return? On what values does this incidence put light on?
Answer: Hari Singh was a thief and he had stolen Anil's money. After the theft, he realised that he had robbed not only Anil but also himself of the chance of being literate and having a bright future. His conscience pricked him to think what all he could have got had he not done this. It was difficult for him to rob Anil but it was tougher for him not to back. He realised that he could not make tea, buy daily supplies and learn how to read and write then. His inner self did not agree to bypass this and forced him to return.
Hari's return to Anil shows that despite indulging in criminal acts, he still had a practical and positive attitude towards life. It is the awakening of Hari's conscience and Anil's love and care that reformed (changed) Hari's character. It teaches us that love alone can change a person. Anil's understanding nature and care changed Hari's thinking to mend his ways for good.
The whole incident clearly shows that it might be difficult to choose a path of honour and respect but the inner satisfaction and peace are the most valuable assets, we need in our life. When we realise the value of love, care and affection than the easy way of stealing money, we would prefer to choose the path of hard work and dedication. Here, in the story, we see that Hari Singh preferred the love and affection of Anil to the money he stole from him. As he realised that trust and care are more powerful than any other thing in life.
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Indigenous tours from Port Douglas and Daintree
The Kuku Yalanji Aboriginal people are the traditional owners of the land in which the Port Douglas and Daintree region resides in. They welcome us to the region and share their culture with us, one that has existed in the rainforest for thousands of years.
Visitors can experience the culture of Kuky Yalanji with a smoke ceremony on a story-telling walk through the rainforest, learn how to create art in a private lesson, or go hunting for shellfish in the mangroves with traditional spears.
The Kuku Yalanji Aboriginal people were hunters and gatherers, with more than five groups ranging across the terrain as the seasons changed, yielding their sustenance from the rivers, beaches, reefs and sea. Theirs was a simple yet ingeniously sophisticated culture. They devised and operated successful traps for fish and game, they learnt to prepare the often toxic rainforest foods for consumption, and evolved social mores that bound the fabric of their society firmly. Today, the Kuku Yalanji people number approximately 1,000 and are very active in the tourism industry offering visitors an insight into their heritage as well as a reliance and empathy with the environment.


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a set of records. These pre-defined aggregate functions can be used only with scalar data. However, you can create your own custom implementations of these functions, or define entirely new aggregate functions, to use with complex data--for example, with multimedia data stored using object types, opaque types, and LOBs.
User-defined aggregate functions are used in SQL DML statements just like Oracle's own built-in aggregates. Once such functions are registered with the server, Oracle simply invokes the aggregation routines that you supplied instead of the native ones.
User-defined aggregates can be used with scalar data as well. For example, it may be worthwhile to implement special aggregate functions for working with complex statistical data associated with financial or scientific applications.
User-defined aggregates are a feature of the Extensibility Framework. You implement them using
ODCIAggregate interface routines.
Oracle9i Data Cartridge Developer's Guide for information on using the
Partitioning addresses the key problem of supporting very large tables and indexes by allowing you to decompose them into smaller and more manageable pieces called partitions. Oracle extends partitioning capabilities by letting you partition tables that contain objects,
REFs, varrays, and nested tables. Varrays stored in
LOBs are equipartitioned in a way similar to
The following example partitions the purchase order table along zip codes (
ToZip), which is an attribute of the
ShipToAddr embedded column object. For the purposes of this example, the
LineItemList nested table was made a varray to illustrate storage for the partitioned varray.
Nested tables are allowed in tables that are partitioned; however, the storage table associated with the nested table is not partitioned.
Assuming that the
LineItemList is defined as a varray:
CREATE TYPE LineItemList_vartyp as varray(10000) of LineItem_objtyp; CREATE TYPE PurchaseOrder_typ AS OBJECT ( PONo NUMBER, Cust_ref REF Customer_objtyp, OrderDate DATE, ShipDate DATE, OrderForm BLOB, LineItemList LineItemList_vartyp, ShipToAddr Address_objtyp, MAP MEMBER FUNCTION ret_value RETURN NUMBER, MEMBER FUNCTION total_value RETURN NUMBER ); CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrders_tab of PurchaseOrder_typ LOB (OrderForm) store as (nocache logging) PARTITION BY RANGE (ShipToAddr.zip) (PARTITION PurOrderZone1_part VALUES LESS THAN ('59999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)), PARTITION PurOrderZone6_part VALUES LESS THAN ('79999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)), PARTITION PurOrderZoneO_part VALUES LESS THAN ('99999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)));
Parallel query is supported on the objects synthesized in views.
To execute queries involving joins and sorts (using the
SET operations) in parallel, a
MAP function is needed. In the absence of a
MAP function, the query automatically becomes serial.
Parallel queries on nested table columns are not supported. Even in the presence of parallel hints or parallel attributes for the view, the query will be serial if it involves the nested table column.
Parallel DML is not supported on views with
INSTEAD-OF trigger. However, the individual statements within the trigger may be parallelized.
Collection types do not map directly to a native type or structure in languages such as C++ and Java. An application using those languages must access the contents of a collection through Oracle interfaces, such as OCI.
Generally, when the client accesses a nested table explicitly or implicitly (by fetching the containing object), Oracle returns the entire collection value to the client process. For performance reasons, a client may wish to delay or avoid retrieving the entire contents of the collection. Oracle handles this case for you by using a locator instead of the real nested table value. When you really access the contents of the collection, they are automatically transferred to the client.
A nested table locator is like a handle to the collection value. It attempts to preserve the value or copy semantics of the nested table by containing the database snapshot as of its time of retrieval. The snapshot helps the database retrieve the correct instantiation of the nested table value at a later time when the collection elements are fetched using the locator. The locator is scoped to a session and cannot be used across sessions. Since database snapshots are used, it is possible to get a "snapshot too old" error if there is a high update rate on the nested table. Unlike a LOB locator, the nested table locator is truly a locator and cannot be used to modify the collection instance.


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FS 260 Arson for Profit • 4 Cr.
Presents arson for profit through theory and case studies. Students learn procedures of investigating arson fires. Where and what to look for in determining motivation and method. Prerequisite: FS 120 or permission of advisor.
After completing this class, students should be able to:
 - Recall elements present in basic and intermediate fire investigation.
 - Describe a set of procedures used when investigating a potential arson for profit case.
 - Compare the different motivations in arson for profit fires.
 - Interpret insurance and financial records as it relates to arson for profit investigations.
 - Explain the insurance immunity act.
 - Describe the relationship between public, private, fire investigators and the insurance companies.
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Synonyms for incumbent
1. incumbent, officeholder, official, functionary, holder
usage: the official who holds an office
1. incumbent, superjacent (vs. subjacent)
usage: lying or leaning on something else; "an incumbent geological formation"
2. incumbent, necessary (vs. unnecessary)
usage: necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding; "it is incumbent on them to pay their own debts"
3. incumbent, current (vs. noncurrent)
usage: currently holding an office; "the incumbent governor"
See also: incumbent (Dictionary)
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Synonyms Index


too warm makes it hard to sleep.
As if lying down and the possibility of feeling some acid reflux wasn't enough, spicy foods can make it all worse. The acidity can even make it harder for people with sleep apnea to catch some zzz's, because it may irritate the airways.
It's no secret that being warm often makes it harder to sleep. Researchers even theorized that maybe an increase in body temperature after eating extremely spicy food affects sleep quality. Tabasco sauce, for example, has an ingredient that can stimulate the metabolism.


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Roommate Conflicts: Approach, Communication, Mediation
Living with roommates isn't always easy. Sharing a living space may be stressful at times and conflicts may arise. Sometimes situations that work at the beginning of the year become more difficult as the year goes on; remember that you and your roommate will be constantly growing and changing
in your time at NAU. It is perfectly normal to have roommate conflicts. In fact, there is a great deal to be learned from handling a difficult situation maturely, respectfully, and creatively.
Housing and Residence Life offers a variety of resources to students facing roommate conflicts. Review the information below and follow up with your RA if you feel you need further advice on how to proceed with the situation.
Approaching your roommate
Communication sometimes breaks down and you may have to approach your roommate with an issue that one of you has with the other. If this happens then it is helpful to have some ideas about how to approach the situation.
How to tell there is an issue:
- Your roommate may not want to talk to you, may leave the room when you enter, or may be complaining to friends about you.
- Your roommate may become annoyed with you over little things. If you start to notice these things you should not ignore them. If a problem is addressed early, there is a better chance of it being worked out amicably.
How to address the issue:
- Approach your roommate in private.
- Confirm that this is a good time for both of you to talk. If one of you feels rushed or blindsided they will be less able to communicate effectively.
- Be direct. Discuss the issue with regard to behaviors rather than personality traits. This tactic is less likely to put your roommate on the defensive.
- Be patient. Listen to your roommate and remember that there are two sides to every story.
- Each person should be given a chance to present what they feel the problem really is.
- Revisit to your roommate agreement. Which of your guidelines are working and which of them need to be reconsidered?
- Remember that a solution will probably involve each person giving something and getting something. The solution may not be your ideal scenario,
but it should be an improvement on the current state of things.
Communicating with your roommate
Most roommate conflicts are the result of miscommunication or in some cases, a total lack of communication. If you can communicate effectively, it will be much easier to develop a comfortable living environment for yourself and your roommates.
These tips should help you communicate in a healthy way with your roommate:
- Talk to your roommate directly when something is bothering you. Don't discuss it behind their back because this can cause a breakdown in trust between you.
- Be direct. Be clear about what is bothering you. If you don't tell your roommate that there is a problem they won't be able to do anything about it.
- Remember that communication works two ways: talking and listening. Neither one is effective without the other.
- If you create a win-win situation, then the conflict is more likely to be resolved. Evaluate the needs of both sides before a solution is proposed, and make sure the solution is acceptable to both parties.
- Respect each other's differences. Everyone has different values, lifestyles, expectations, and communication styles. Get to know each other and establish common ground. It is easier to solve a problem with a friend than a
- If you are upset with your roommate, chances are that s/he is upset with you as well. Being involved in a dialogue means that you need to be able to listen and give everyone a chance to speak. Criticism is bound to happen and your natural reaction is going to be to criticize back, but that is only going to compound the problem. Learning to accept criticism is going to help you communicate and live with your roommate. If you both find that you are approaching the limit and things are not being resolved, agree to take some time away from the discussion to give you each time to process what is going
on. This will also give you each time to develop feedback that is not going to be hurtful and won't be fueled by anger.
In difficult discussions such as roommate conflicts, it is very helpful to have an unbiased third party to help mediate the discussion. Our Resident Assistants (RAs) are trained to assist with mediation and helping roommates come up with solutions to their conflicts. If you find that you and
your roommate are having difficulty resolving your conflict, you should discuss this option with your RA.
How Mediation Works:
- Contact your RA to discuss the situation and the mediation process.
- Your RA will contact all roommates to find a time that works best for everyone. It is very important that you allow enough time for each person to express themselves and to come up with a solution.
- Even if you are the person who contacts the RA, remember that they have a responsibility to the well-being of all floor residents. Your RA will give each person a chance to be heard, and will encourage a solution that is
beneficial to all parties.
- Your RA will refer to your roommate agreement as a reference. If you have updated your roommate agreement since initially completing it, it will be helpful to provide your RA with an updated copy before the mediation.
- Some roommate conflicts require more than one intervention before finding a solution. Be patient with each other and aim to resolve the conflict.


(1) Let y^2: = x^3+ 4x)" alt="Cy^2: = x^3+ 4x)" />, with the simplified group law (2.13) Show that the tangent line to C at P = (2,4) passes through (0,0), and deduce that P is a point of order 4 in the group law.
(2) Let C: (y^2=x^3+ax+b)\in \mathbb{R}^2 be nonsingular; find all points of order 2 in the group law, and understand what group they form (there are two cases to consider). Now explain geometrically how you would set about finding all points of order 4 on C.
I linked the text that we use in class above. If anyone can point me in the right direction or walk me through this, I would appreciate it. Thank you!


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You can add a shadow beneath elements in your newsletter, for example at the end of it. An example:
You can add the shadow as a full-length picture. First search (for example with Google) a picture of a shadow you'd like to use and save the image to your computer. Or use this one (click on it, and choose "Save image as"):
Then, click on the "+" sign in the bottom left corner of your template, and drag a full layout row to the location you wish to add the shadow to. Drag a picture element inside the layout row, and then upload the shadow picture.
You also need to remove the padding from the picture. Click on the picture settings icon in the upper left corner of the picture.
The image properties window will appear. From there, remove the checkmark from "Vertical padding".
If the shadow doesn't look as wide as it should, adjust it manually from the same image properties window. Set the image width to be 600px, leave the height empty (read also Changing the size of an image).


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DEFINING NUMBER RANGE IN PENTAHO DATA INTEGRATION
In arithmetic, the range of a set of data is the difference between the largest and smallest values.
However, in descriptive statistics, this concept of range has a more complex meaning. The range is the size of the smallest interval which contains all the data and provides an indication of statistical dispersion. It is measured in the same units as the data. Since it only depends on two of the observations, it is most useful in representing the dispersion of small data sets.
In the following example we have defined a range between two date values to address the issue of a project's performance through Pentaho.
1. Initially we took a Data Grid step where we have defined 3 columns namely project_name, start_date,end_date with certain values stored in it.
2. In the following step we have taken in a calculator step in which we have made some calculations where we are adding a new field which will contain the value for the difference between dates.
If we preview the data until this point we will have the output as shown below.
3. Now we add a NUMBER RANGE step to the calculator step to find the range between min and max values and we have categorized the ranges in terms of excellent, good and average.
4. Finally we push the output to a dummy step where you can see the final output by previewing. One thing to notice in the output is that the field which contains no end_Date has range value as Unknown.


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A Laboratory of Possibilities project
Ecological transition can be entirely undergone or partially chosen
Acceleration of climate change, collapse of biodiversity, depletion of natural resources: everyone today has heard about the rapid, profound and irreversible changes in the conditions of life on the planet.
In the light of the unprecedented ecological crisis facing humankind, Université de Montréal and Space for Life have joined forces to present Transition Pathways, a project for involving the vital actors of society in the necessary debate on transition in Québec.
Transition Pathways is structured around three major challenges
In the framework of the Transition Pathways project, transition issues are approached in the form of three major challenges calling into question our ability to develop and flourish within the limits of the planet:
- Food challenge
How can we ensure that more and more people have access to a healthful diet without depleting the earth's resources in a context of climate change?
- Land-use challenge
How can we live in Québec in a restrained and resilient way, in a context of ecological transition?
- Digital challenge
How do we go about merging the digital and ecological transitions?
Citizen participation: an essential element in Transition Pathways
Transition Pathways is a knowledge mobilization project, one that draws together learning of all types. Citizen participation is solicited throughout the project, in particular for citizens' workshops.
These workshops allow interested parties, in the company of other citizens, to reflect and to discuss their priorities with respect to each of the challenges under discussion as well as the conditions that would make their personal actions easier.
Citizens' food challenge workshops
The land is fundamental for the future, especially in a climate-change framework. By 2050 it will have to ensure food security to 10 billion human beings, contribute to reducing our CO2 emissions, and allow for the maintenance of a sufficient level of biodiversity – all this at the same time.
It is crucial to build a new food system in Québec, one that will make it possible to feed the population in a healthful way and to restore ecosystems, the source of our food.
Digital challenge workshops
A series of workshops aimed at identifying ways of making the use of digital tools with a net environmental gain more attractive and limiting the use of those with the highest impact was held in the fall of 2020.
About Transition Pathways
"Transition Pathways" designates models of change that society follows, voluntarily or not. Those pathways are many, and produce different trajectories of change. They involve collective choices to respond to identified issues and may be economic, social, technological, institutional or cultural in nature.
The Transition Pathways project harnesses the knowledge of several disciplines in order to identify the choices that have the potential to lead Québec society towards a desirable future, among the many possible futures.
What choices will help steer Québec society towards a desirable future?
In order to collectively identify the pathways with the greatest potential to take Québec on the most desirable trajectory, transition issues are addressed by way of the project's three challenges: the food challenge, the land-use challenge and the digital challenge.
For each of these challenges, a four-phase approach extending over a period of a year and a half makes it possible to bring together a diversity of experts, role-players and citizens with a view to mapping out the paths with the greatest potential.


text: On 20 October 2016 the International Charter Space and Major Disaster was activated due to floods in Panama. The request of activation was due to heavy rain in the Darien and Tonosi province. The situation can worsen because more rain is expected on the following days. The activation of the charter was requested by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) on behalf of the Tropic Humid Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean or CATHALAC for its acronym in Spanish. Approximately 3.500 people have been affected and there are no victims, reported the local daily La Prensa. More information on the topic here.


Cisco SDA Part VII - multi-instance LISP
We're slowly getting closer to the true implementation of LISP in Cisco's SD-Access. LISP has the capability of being VRF-aware - this is achieved via multi-instance LISP.
The idea is fairly simple - you have multiple instances of LISP (mapped to corresponding VRFs) - all your LISP tables are now maintained per instance.
We will be using the following topology for this:
We have moved R1 and R5 into a VRF called 'TEST'. This is done by assigning the port facing R1 on xTR2 to this VRF:
Similar configuration is done on xTR4 as well. To make LISP VRF aware, you need to create instances of LISP and map the instance to a particular VRF. All your database mappings will now come under this instance-ID.
For this example, we will create an instance-ID of 100 and map the VRF 'TEST' to this instance-ID.
Similar configuration is done on xTR4 as well:
All of these database mappings will now be per instance-ID. They will no longer show up in the global LISP database.
From the MS/MR perspective, we simply map the instance-IDs to the EIDs within the sites:
From this point on, the control-plane and data-plane packet walks are the same - the only difference is that the lookups happen against the specific instance-IDs that are defined. Let's consider both possible scenarios in our above topology.
If the packet comes from R1, it comes in the VRF called TEST. This can be visualized like so:
If the packet comes from R8, it comes in another VRF we created called TEST_2. This can be visualized like so:
How does the LISP process know which instance-ID to consider? This is populated in the LISP packets themselves. For example, consider the following 'Encapsulated Map Request' packet:
The LISP packet format has the provision to carry the instance-ID as an attribute within the source EID (as you can see from the above packet). This determines which instance-ID the lookups are done in.
The same instance-ID is carried in actual data-plane packets as well. Consider the following ICMP packet as an example:
This is the truest form of LISP implementation in SDA and this is exactly how SDA achieves macro segmentation. The terminology is 'Virtual Network' or VN in the SDA world however this is nothing but VRFs.


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(IBList user synopsis):
Shaw originally gave Misalliance the subtitle, "A Debate in One Sitting." It is set in the Surrey home of the Tarleton family, who over the course of one spring day in 1909 are visited by daughter Hypatia's fiancee and his father, a daredevil aviator, a headstrong young Polish woman, and an intruder. Everyone has something to say about courtship, marriage, the sexes, and social conventions... and say it they do in an interminably talky play that showcases what has become known as Shavian wit. Although Misalliance was one of Shaw's flops, its social criticism takes aim at many of the same targets of his better-known works.
Original title: Misalliance
Genre: Drama and Plays→ English→ Modern


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|FHWA > Policy Information > NHCCI > The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index|
The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index
This document specifies the methodology which serves as the basis for the development of the National Highway Construction Cost Index, (NHCCI).
General Methodology for Calculating the NHCCI
The Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied using a chain-type indexing methodology to produce the NHCCI. The specific implementation and reasons for choosing this specification are given in this section.
Step 1. Definition of price index
The price index, It, of a specific cost item of highway construction (such as cement) gives the price of that item in period t, (pt), relative term to its price in reference period 0, (p0). The mathematical expression of It is:
Where, c represents the cost of the item and q represents the quantity of the item.
Step 2. Aggregating individual cost items into a total construction cost index
For highway construction as a whole, however, the direct price (p) does not exist because the price is the product of cost divided by quantity and the quantities of highway construction cost items are measured in different units which are not directly comparable and not additive. Therefore, we cannot calculate the price index of highway construction as a whole by directly implementing equation (1).
One natural way to derive the price index of highway construction as a whole is to calculate it as the weighted average of price indexes of individual cost items.
Where, superscript n represent the nth cost item and wn represents the weight assigned to the nth cost item.
Step 3. Choice of index formula
As equation (2) shows, the aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole not only depends on the price indexes of the individual cost items of highway construction, but also depends on the weights assigned to the individual price indexes. Therefore, how to weight the individual price indexes is essential in calculating an aggregate price index, such as the NHCCI. The choice of weights also leads to the choice of index formula.
In the economic index literature, there are three well known index formulas. They are the Laspeyres Index, the Paasche Index and the Fisher Ideal Index. In equation form, they are:
(3) (Laspeyres price index)
(4) (Paasche price index)
(5) (Fisher price index)
All three price index formulas use quantities of individual cost items as weights to their respective prices in calculating the aggregate price index. However, the Laspeyres price index formula uses quantities of the base period (0) as weights, while the Paasche price index formula uses quantities of the current period (t) as weights. The Fisher price index is a geometric mean of the Laspeyres price index and the Paasche price index.
Despite its many obvious advantages, the Laspeyres price index has its limitations. One of the limitations is that it usually overstates the impact of price increases and understates the impact of price decreases as the current period moves further away from the base period. This occurs because of the substitution effect when prices change in relative terms. Agents substitute away from goods whose relative prices increase so that the base year weights overstate the relative importance of these goods in the budget. As a result, the use of quantities from an earlier period as weights systematically biases the aggregate price index upward from the real change in aggregate price. In contrast, an aggregate price index derived from the Paasche price index formula is usually biased downward due to the substitution effect.
A second limitation of the Laspeyres index as it is often implemented is that as time goes on the fixed base year become less relevant to the current year or the year(s) of concern. However, if the base year is shifted forward in time, the entire index series will be changed. In other words, history will be rewritten every time the base year is changed.
The Fisher Ideal index, proposed by Irving Fisher in 1922, is one of the superlative indexes that give good approximations to the theoretical or "exact" cost-of-living index and yet are relatively simple to compute and use. Compared to fixed-weighted Laspeyres or Paasche Indexes, Fisher Ideal index takes the weights of both the base period and the current period into account. By doing so, Fisher Ideal index has the ability to accommodate the effects of substitutions, something the Laspeyres and Paasche indexes do not do. A major advantage of Fisher Ideal index over other superlative indexes, such as the Tornquvist index, is its "dual" property, i.e. a Fisher Ideal price index implies a Fisher Ideal quantity index, and vice versa. In other words, the product of a Fisher Ideal price index between two periods and a Fisher Ideal quantity index between the same two periods is equal to the total change in value (measured in current dollars) between those two periods.
All these advantages strongly suggest that the Fisher Ideal index formula is an excellent choice for building the NHCCI.
Step 4. Calculating aggregate price index for two adjacent periods
Since the OSI Bid-Tabs database provides data on bid value and bid quantity and estimated bid price data for each cost item of highway constructions in the United States, we can apply the Fisher Ideal Index formula to the bid quantity and estimated bid price data from Bid-Tabs data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level to calculate the NHCCI.
However, each time when the Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied to the price and quantity data, one and only one index number will be generated for the two time periods the data represent. In other words, the formula will not generate a price index series at once. The time period can be a month, a quarter, or a year and is usually determined by the data availability. An index number can be generated between any two periods in time. The two periods can be adjacent to each other. They also can be far away from each other with many periods between them. However, in order to build an index that accurately track price changes from one period to the next over time, it will be necessary to generate an index number for every pair of adjacent periods of the entire time period for which an index is build.
Step 5. Chain index numbers of adjacent periods into a time series of indexes
From the equations, we can see that the R1 is the index number of period (1) relative to period (0); R2 is the index number of period (2) relative to period (1); and Rt is the index number of period (t) relative to period (t-1); and that each index number presents the aggregate price of the current period in relative term to the aggregate price of the previous period. Mathematicians call this kind of indexing relative indexing. In relative indexing, an index number highlights the change in price from the adjacent previous period.
However, to show price changes over time, it will be more effective to compare the price of each period to the price of the base period. When an index is calculated by comparing the concerned period directly to the base period, it is called "direct indexing". The procedure of direct indexing is a dual process. That is, while the price of the concerned period is indexed in terms relative to the price of the base period, the price of the base period is also indexed to 1 and only 1. Therefore, the value of a direct index is always in terms relative to 1 and equal to the change between the two periods. This property provides the mathematical underpinning for the "chain" index procedure.
When the price of the base period (0) is indexed to 1, the chained index numbers, I1 for period (1), I2 for period (2), …, and It for period (t), can be calculated as:
In words, the chained index number of any period (to the base period) can be calculated as the product of the consecutive multiplication of the changes of the adjacent periods between the base period and that period. For example, with the chain-type procedure and annual rates of changes (Rt), the index of year 1995 to year 1990 (I90,95) can be calculated as:
In summary, the Chained Fisher Ideal Index method for building the NHCCI contains two steps. In the first step, Fisher Ideal Index formula is used to calculate changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods with bid quantity and estimated bid price data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level from Oman Bid-Tabs database as inputs. This step is also an aggregation process. Changes in aggregate price of highway construction as a whole calculated in this way are essentially the averages of quantity weighted changes in the prices of the cost items of highway construction. In the second step, changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods are chained together through consecutive multiplication to form a time series of aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole.
The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method recognizes the need for estimating changes in the aggregate price of highway construction as a whole to use weights that are relevant and appropriate for the specific periods being measured. The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method has three important advantages over Fixed-Weighted Indexes. First, while it makes aggregation of price changes in many and different cost items into one measure through weighting, it captures the effects of changes in the relative importance of different cost items in highway construction over time. Second, it minimizes substitution bias and, at the same time, provides a more accurate track of price changes in highway construction cost items as a whole. Third, it eliminates the inconvenience and confusion associated with Fixed-Weighted Indexes of updating the weights and base periods, and thus rewriting economic history, as base periods move further and further into the past and become more and more irrelevant


The Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning offers an intellectually rich, collaborative, challenging and interdisciplinary environment to support higher degree research students. As one of Australia's foremost research Centres in learning analytics and complexity we are actively seeking students with initiative to help shape future education models.
Broad research topics include:
 1. Human and Artificial Cognition (HAC)
 2. Infrastructures for AI (IAI)
 3. Learning and Social Analytics (LSA)
 4. Change in Complex Systems (CCS)
Prospective students are encouraged to email enquiries to


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American History: Know-the-Facts Review Game: 100 Must-Know Facts in a Q&A Game Format to Help Kids Really Remember Standards-Based Social Studies Information
Reviewing facts can be fun with this kid-pleasing, curriculum-based game. Great for pairs or small groups, this resource includes 100 punch-out questions, a game board, and playing pieces. Questions come in multiple choice, true/false, and single answer formats, and have been carefully selected to help students sharpen their critical thinking skills and build their knowledge about American history. Many questions contain additional information that helps students make connections—and remember important facts. For use with Grades 5 & Up.
List Price: $ 14.99
Price: $ 4.18


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Theology students enrolled in the Master of Divinity (MDIV), Master of Arts in Social Change (MASC), and Master of Arts in Pastoral and Spiritual Care (MAPSC), will participate in a three phase program designed to promote personal and professional formation:
Psychological instruments are taken to assess fitness, competence, and readiness for ministry. Results are individually reviewed with each student by the Iliff Consultation and Guidance Center.
- Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
In Phase II, students develop a plan that addresses specific goals related to personal and professional growth. These plans are approved in conversation with the Iliff Consultation and Guidance Center and may include resources such as:
- Professional Workshops or Retreats
- Spiritual Formation
- Personalized Programs for Growth
Students implement and complete the plan they created in Phase II, providing written documentation of their experience.


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We are going to watch these videos about the inclined plane and the screw.
After watching these videos you have to answer these questions:
1. Energy is the ability to do WHAT?
2. Work = ×
3. Why did he slice the barrel into four barrels?
4. Lifting the barrel exerts the same amount of energy as using the plank. So why is the plank a better idea? Why is it considered a simple machine?
5. The pyramids were built using the same principle of standing on an escalator. Explain why.
1.Why is the mountain road considered a simple machine?
2. Why can't cars go straight up the side of the mountain?
3. What type of inclined plane is the road that goes up a mountain or a screw?
4.What does a screw help you do?
Now we are going to review the inclined plane filling the gaps in activity 21 from this topic made by Carles Egusquiza Bueno.
Finally, you have to answer the activity 28 from this topic.


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csv2wp is a little script for converting tables from the comma-separated values (CSV) file format to wiki-tables. The idea is to provide an easy way to import tables from spread sheet applications like Excel. csv2wp is written in PHP and can thus be used with any webbrowser:
The sourcecode of this program is released under the GPL. It can be downloaded here (as a TGZ, 4,7KB): csv2wp Sourcecode.
The conversion of CSV-data requires only a few steps:
- Enter the CSV-data into the big yellowish text field at the top. There are two ways to do that:
- Use copy&paste to put the data from a text editor into the field. It is then up to the operating system and the browser to convert special characters (like umlauts, etc) correctly.
- Upload the data directly from a file. An upload-field is provided just below the text field for that purpose. You have to specify the character set for the file you upload, so that special characters can be converter correctly. In germany the most common character sets are: CP-1250 oder ISO-8859-15 (Windows), ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8 (Linux), MacRoman (Macintosh). Don't forget to click the button labeled "Upload File!" The csv-data you uploaded should then appear in the text field.
- Specify the separator character and other settings. The defaults are set to the configuration most programs (like Excel) use. For details, please see below.
- Click one of the big buttons to start the conversion. To use the table in the Wikipedia (or another Wiki), please use the MediaWiki format. To use the table in some other webpage, use HTML-format.
- The result should be shown in the browser window. You may save the data just as any webpage, by choosing the "Save Page" option. In case of the WikiMedia format, you can also just use copy and paste to put the data into the wiki. However, in case you used the HTML format, this is not possible: in that case the browser recognizes the data as HTML and interprets the code, showing a nice Table, but not the source code.
Import from Excel[Bearbeiten]
- Inside Excel, choose the Table you want to export (you can only export one table at a time). Then choose "save as" and select CSV as the file format.
- Enter the file you created into the converter-form, like described above: either open them in a text editor and just copy the data into the text field, or upload the file directly to the form.
- proceed as described above.
(ToDo - at the moment, details are available in german only)


text: In order to obtain insight into the structure of cobalt phthalocyanine dimers, molecular mechanics calculations were performed on dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine species. Molecular mechanics calculations are first presented on monomeric cobalt(II) phthalocyanine. Using the Tripos force field for the organic part of the molecule and parameters derived from the literature and subsequently optimized to describe the CoII force field resulted in a geometry that is in very good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Optimization of the dimeric structure leads to a geometry in which both phthalocyanines are separated by 3.2 Å and one of the molecules is shifted 2.38 Å in both the X- and Y-directions with respect to the other. This geometry is in excellent agreement with literature data on ß-Co(pc) crystals and with other calculated and experimental data on similar systems. All calculations were performed with three possible charge distributions in the phthalocyanine molecule and it was shown that varying the charge distribution had no significant effect on the final dimeric structure. This method provides valuable insight into the most important energetic interactions leading to dimer formation.


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New GemBox.Spreadsheet 4.5 Release with support for right-to-left scripts
We have just released a new setup, help, and examples for the GemBox.Spreadsheet 4.5 with support for bidirectional texts when saving to PDF, XPS, or image file formats. This includes support for languages that use a right-to-left script such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hebrew, or Yiddish.
We also added support for customizing the direction of the workbook elements by using the following properties:
- CellStyle.TextDirection – specifies the reading order of the cell
- ExcelViewOptions.ShowColumnsFromRightToLeft – specifies the direction of the worksheet


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The Port of Stockton is committed to environmental stewardship and enhancement of the Delta and surrounding communities. The Port is currently unveiling and implementing a program that identifies opportunities the Port could engage to enhance the Delta. The Delta provides drinking water for two-thirds of the state of California and acts as a habitat for more than 70 fish species and abundant wildlife. The Delta provides a key resting or wintering spot along the Pacific Flyway for migrating bird species. The Port understands the importance of maintaining this delicate environment and providing a habitat for wildlife within an ever-growing population.
The Port of Stockton is committed to improving the region's quality of life by balancing environmental enhancement with the economic benefits of Port activity. This commitment is reflected in the Port's Delta Environmental Enhancement Program which aims to enhance air quality, water quality, and wildlife habitats in the Delta and surrounding communities.


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George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion. He was also a renowned chess player whose skill for recording many games of his own and of other players, including François-André Danican Philidor, the leading master of his time, left a valuable historical record for future generations.
Atwood was born in Westminster, with the date remaining unknown, but presumed to have been shortly before his baptism on 15 October 1745. He attended Westminster School and in 1765 was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1769 with the rank of third wrangler and was awarded the inaugural first Smith's Prize. Subsequently he became a fellow and a tutor of the college and in 1776 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London.
In 1784 he left Cambridge and soon afterwards received from William Pitt the Younger the office of patent searcher of the customs, which required but little attendance, enabling him to devote a considerable portion of his time to mathematics and physics.
George Atwood died unmarried in Westminster at the age of 61, and was buried there at St. Margaret's Church.
Over a century later, a lunar crater was renamed Atwood in his honour.
Selected publications
Atwood's published works, exclusive of papers contributed to the Philosophical Transactions, for one of which he obtained the Copley Medal, are as follows:
- Analysis of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy (Cambridge, 1784).
- Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies (Cambridge, 1784), which gives some interesting experiments, by means of which mechanical truths can be ocularly exhibited and demonstrated, and describes the machine, since named after Atwood, for verifying experimentally the laws of simple acceleration of motion.
- Review of the Statutes and Ordinances of Assize which have been established in England from the 4th year of King John, 1202, to the 37th of his present Majesty (London, 1801), a work of some historical research.
- Dissertation on the Construction and Properties of Arches (London, 1801).
- Chess games recorded by Atwood were published posthumously by George Walker in London in 1835, under the name Selection of Games at Chess, actually played by Philidor and his Contemporaries. Atwood was one of a few masters that could beat Verdoni on occasion.
External links


Flask with St. Menas - 910.152.32_1
Flask with St. Menas
Geography: Abu Mina, Egypt
Date: late 6th - 7th century CE
Period: Byzantine period
12.2 x 2.4 x 11.6 cm
Object number: 910.152.32
Not on view
Pilgrim souvenir ("blessing") of St Menas in the shape of a circular flask (neck and handles are missing). There are relief images of St Menas flanked by prostrated camels on both sides of the flask. Border is composed by a circular wreath surrounded by inscription: ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΜΗΝΑ.
Pilgrim eulogiae (literally "blessings") were little souvenirs sanctified by contact with the divine, given or sold to pilgrims to take home as mementoes of their journey. But eulogiae did more than induce a traveler's memory: by virtue of the concentrated holiness they contained, eulogiae could miraculously heal the sick or calm a stormy sea. Eulogiae took the shape of pressed-earth seals or tokens, lamps, flasks for oil or water (ampullae), or even ribbons and pieces of cloth (brandaria) that had touched a saint or holy place. Many eulogiae were a sensory multiplex of material, inscription, and image. In addition to fostering or even creating memories of the locus sanctus (holy place) from which they came, eulogiae ensured that the salvific, curative power of the saints was accessible no matter the distance from their shrines.


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Calico Scallop Dissected
Like other bivalves, the two valves, or shells, of the calico
scallop are secreted by the thin tissue called the mantle. These
valves are joined at the hinge by a ligament, and connected by a
cylindrical muscle. By contracting this muscle, the scallop can
open and close the two shells.
Calico scallops are hermaphroditic organisms with both male and
female reproductive organs. In the image above the "ripe" gonad
contains the orange eggs and white sperm.
Image Credit: FWC


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Since very little of occlupanid's behavior has been recorded, its life cycle remains a mystery. Most scholars agree that occulpanids attach themselves to the plastic bags to gain nourishment. Plastic bags, when distended with matter, twist their anterior aperature (usually clockwise, but research is inconclusive), forming a tight stricture that ends in a halo formed by the fringe of the bag.
It is on this stricture that the occlupanid attaches itself, drawing nourishment, in some manner, from the bag.
Dr. N. Eliot of Edinburgh performed an experiment to test the bread/occlupanid relationship and found evidence to suggest that when occlupanids are removed from bread bags, the sliced bread can suffer from premature hardening and fungal infection.
In Supermarket biomes the Bag to Occlupanid ratio is 100 percent, but once the bag leaves the supermarket, that ratio drops off sharply. It is thought that once outside the supermarket environment, the occlupanid eventually drops off to reproduce, then die.
Rarely, chains of occlupanids are found, offering evidence that their life cycle is far more complex than previously imagined. Are they part of a fruiting body like a slime mold? Or perhaps forming new occlupanids like the proglottids of a tapeworm? Clearly more research must answer these uncomfortable questions.


USS Fitzgerald
"Protect Your People"
USS Fitzgerald (ddg62)
Fitzgerald Sailors Share Lessons with Guam Youth
By Shaina Marie Santos, Joint Region Edge Staff
DEDEDO, Guam - Sailors from USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) discussed the importance of school, careers and a drug-free attitude to students at Okkodo High School in Dededo Sept. 26.
The outreach to the school was one of two community service projects Fitzgerald Sailors supported during a port call on Guam.
"I think it's a great contact for [students] and to give them more information one-to-one and face-to-face, so they have more comfort level with approaching people in the military and getting to understand what the military is about, especially here on Guam," said Okkodo High School business education teacher Sharon Baxter.
During their visit, Sailors answered questions about life-enrichment, education and life as a Navy Sailor.
"It's always important to come out and talk to kids," said Operations Specialist 1st Class (SW) Justen Abernethy. "Especially because it's the time of period when they're starting to take everything in and they're learning and they're adapting to that adult life. So it'll help them along their path if they can hear it from the people who are out there, doing the job itself."
Abernethy added that discussing leadership and opportunities with students could make differences in their futures.
"The benefits for them is just that much more knowledge, that much more understanding and being able to say, 'Hey, this is why they do this and I can do this and I can be that much better in my life.'"
Seaman Recruit Mark Christian agreed with Abernethy and said that the Navy is a great career for students to look to help better themselves.
"I wish somebody did it to me, to be honest with you," he said. "I wish I had somebody to come there and answer questions. There's a lot of good things the Navy can offer."
Sailors also supported Special Olympics of Guam, coaching bowling athletes Sept. 29 at Century Lanes in Tamuning in preparation for an upcoming tournament


text:
Monthly Archives: September 2013
dI f@r _USER_ [or] dI fr@ns
definition 1: the condition of differing; unlikeness.
example: Some people are not comfortable with difference; they prefer things that are similar to those things with which they are already familiar.
definition 2: a particular instance of being unlike or not the same as something else.
example: The professor explained the difference between communism and socialism.
definition 3: a change in a situation or person.
example: Have you noticed the difference in her since she returned from living abroad?
sI nih kəl
1. showing little or no faith in human nature; distrustful or contemptuous of others' motives.
example: To claim that people do charity work only to boost their own image shows a cynical attitude.
2. callously taking advantage of others or violating accepted morals.
example: The company got away with its cynical exploitation of workers for decades.
ne mə sihs
1. that which one cannot beat, conquer, or succeed at; cause or agent of one's often repeated downfall.
example: Gambling was his nemesis; because of it, he'd lost his family, his job, and his friends.
2. retribution or punishment, or its source or agent.
3. (capitalized) in Greek mythology, the goddess of divine retribution or vengeance.
definition: to tell about; give a verbal account of.
example: She described the sights of the city in beautiful detail.
example: When the waiter described the dishes, they sounded delicious.
definition: any undertaking that requires great effort or organization.
example: The project of renovating the historic church will take years.
example: His latest project is to put up shelves in the living room.
definition 1: to throw or cast forward or outward.
example: He projects the image of a hero.
example: Her acting coach taught her how to project her voice.
definition 2: to estimate or develop in one's imagination.
example: Can you project the cost of this venture?


text: This paper uses national household survey data to examine changes in real per capita incomes in South Africa between 1993 and 2008; the start and the end of the first fifteen years of post-apartheid South Africa. These data show an increase in average per capita real incomes across the distribution. Over this period growth has been shared, albeit unequally, across almost the entire spectrum of incomes. However, kernel density estimations make clear that these real income changes are not dramatic and inequality has increased. We conduct a series of semi-parametric decompositions in order to understand the role of endowments and changes in the returns to these endowments in driving these observed changes in the income distribution. This analysis highlights the positive role played by changes in endowments such as access to education and social services over the period. If these endowment changes were all that changed in South Africa over the post-apartheid period, we would have seen a pervasive rightward shift of the distribution of per capita real incomes. In the rest of the paper we explore why this did not happen.


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Last week I talked about the character 秘 mì mysterious / mystery that I am going to use in my Ming Dynasty trilogy covers. There are other characters with the definition of mystery or mysterious. Another one is 神 shén. However, when the character shén is used it implies mystery in the sense of spiritual. One way for a non-native Chinese speaker to discover which character is best is to look up what other words use that particular character. This gives a good idea of the underlying connotation versus the character's denotation. For shén [using the on-line dictionary _URL_ we do find the word mysterious/mystery with both 神秘 shén mì and it is defined as "mysterious / mystery." However, there are many other words which use shén and refer to the divine, to Daoism, mythology, mystical, gods, and the miraculous.
What does this imply? Well, if you are writing a mystery which centers on the supernatural and paranormal, perhaps you would want to use the character 神 shén versus 秘 mì because it implies a particular kind of mystery or mysterious event. It subtly alters your readers to another layer of meaning and insight.
Another character which can mean mystery is 玄 xuán. When xuán is used as a part of a word, we find a predominance of words referring to philosophical and spiritual schools of thought—Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism. Xuán is also used in word combinations that refer to something being abstruse, simply difficult to understand. So, again, we find that although 玄 xuán can be used to mean mystery, it has a different underlying connotation from both神 shén and 秘 mì.
When choosing a Chinese word we have so many choices because each character used in creating that particular word brings with it a strong intellectual and emotional component. So, while my Mei-hua trilogy has religious and folk traditions included, they are a part of the cultural background of the period, not the central component of the stories, therefore, the character I chose was 秘 mì.


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If I multiply $N$ irrational numbers together to generate a product $P$, where the irrational number are specified to a working precision of $m$ decimal digits, how many decimal digits, $k$, should I have confidence in for $P$?
For example, how large of an $N$ can I get away with standard double floating point precision to have a confidence of $k$ decimal digits in the product (about m ~ 15 stable decimal places)?
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Roughly speaking, if you have an error of a factor of $1 \pm 10^{-15}$ in each multiply, the standard deviation is a factor of $1 \pm \frac 1{\sqrt 3}10^{-15}$ (assuming a uniform distribution). You need about 3 of these to lose the first digit, 300 to lose the second.
It isn't worth being too careful in this calculation, because if your number is stored in decimal, the fractional error changes by a factor 10 between a number that starts 10000 and 99999. In binary it is only a factor of 2, but the principle is the same.
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Kingdom of God? Guna Pictured in Lotus, Conch & Paired Fish
The lotus is South Asia's iconic flower. The lotus flower was a prominent symbol in ancient history, remaining so today. Lotus plants possess a unique structure in their leaves which provide a self-cleaning ability, allowing the flowers to emerge from mud untarnished. This natural trait created symbolic references of the flower as rising out of the mud, untouched by filth. The Rgveda first mentions the lotus in a metaphor (RV 5.LXVIII.7-9) where it seems to describe a wish for the safe birth of a child.
When Vishnu was the dwarf Vamana, his consort Lakshmi appeared from a lotus in the great churning sea as Padma, or Kamala, both of which mean "Lotus". Lakshmi maintains a close connection with the lotus, having her abode within the flowers themselves.
A Shankha is a Conch shell of ritual and religious importance. The Shankha is the shell of a large sea snail but in mythology the Shankha is the emblem of Vishnu and is often used as a trumpet.
The Lotus and the Shankha are two of the eight Ashtamangala (auspicious signs) teaching tools. They serve as illustrations or symbols for timeless qualities or gunas. Numerous texts discuss the concept of gunas, innate natural forces that together transform and keep changing the world. The three gunas in Samkhya thinking are: sattva (goodness, constructive, harmonious), rajas (passion, active, confused), and tamas (darkness, destructive, chaotic). Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools of thought allow for more gunas. How about the Kingdom of God as a guna?
The Lotus Flower illustrating Sattva, Rajas, Tamas Gunas in Samkhya thinking
Jesus saw the Kingdom of God as an operating quality, a guna, since it is organically changing and overcoming the world. He taught that we are invited into the Kingdom of God, but also needing Dvija to do so. He then gave a series of stories (called parables) on the nature or guna of the Kingdom of God using plants, Shankhas and paired fish (Ashtamangala signs) as his teaching tools to help us understand the guna of the Kingdom of God. Here are his parables of the Kingdom.
Parable of the Sower and the Four Soils
Matthew 13:1-9
Lotus seeds have a life force causing them to germinate
What did this parable mean? We do not have to guess, since he gave the meaning to those who asked:
Matthew 13:18-19
But these seeds cannot germinate on a trodden path
Matthew 13:20-21
The sun's heat can kill the life from the seed
Matthew 13:22
Other plants can hinder the growth of the Lotus flower
Matthew 13:23
In the right soil the Lotus plant will grow and multiply into beauty
There are four responses to the message of God's Kingdom. The first has no 'understanding' and so evil takes the message away from their hearts. The remaining three responses are all initially very positive and they receive the message with joy. But this message must grow in our hearts through difficult times. Mental acknowledgement without affecting our lives is insufficient. So two of these responses, though they initially received the message, did not allow it to grow in their heart. Only the fourth heart, who 'hears the word and understands it' would truly receive it in the way that God was looking for.
Jesus taught this parable so we would ask ourselves: 'Which of these soils am I?'
The Parable of the Weeds
After explaining this parable Jesus taught a parable using weeds.
28 "'An enemy did this,' he replied.
Matthew 13:24-30)
Wheat & Tares: Before ripening wheat and tares look the same
Here he explains this parable.
Matthew 13: 36-43
Parables of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast
Jesus also taught some very brief parables with illustrations from other common plants.
Matthew 13:31-33
The Mustard seed is small.
Mustard plants grow lush and big
The Kingdom of God would start small and insignificant in this world but would grow throughout the world like yeast working through the dough and like a small seed growing into a large plant. It does not happen by force, or all at once, its growth is invisible but everywhere and unstoppable.
Parables of the Hidden Treasure and Pearl of Great Value
Matthew 13: 44 -46
Conch shells can contain great treasure but they are not seen
Inside some conch shells are pink pearls
Pink pearls are very valuable
These parables focus on the value of the Kingdom of God. Think of a treasure hidden in a field. Being hid everyone passing by the field thinks the field is of little value and thus they have no interest in it. But someone realizes there is a treasure there making the field very valuable – valuable enough to sell everything in order to buy it and obtain the treasure. So it is with the Kingdom of God – a value unnoticed by most, but the few that see its worth will gain great value.
The Parable of the Net
Kingdom of God will sort people as these fishermen at Goa
Jesus used another of the Ashtamangala – the pair of fish to teach about the Kingdom of God. The Kingdom of God will separate people into two groups as fishermen separate fish into two groups. This will happen on Judgment day.
The Kingdom of God grows mysteriously, like yeast in dough; with great value hidden from most; and it arouses diverse responses among people. It also separates people between those that understand and those that do not. After teaching these parables Jesus then asked his listeners this question.
"Have you understood all these things?" Jesus asked.
"Yes," they replied.
Matthew 13:51
What about you? If the Kingdom of God is understood as a Guna moving through the world it still is of no benefit to you unless it can move through you too. But how?
Jesus explains in his parable of Living Water like a Ganga Tirtha.


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well,in this topic, i do have a powerful spell,but it's all about concentration.take any object that is of your liking which could be carried anywhere.
1. With your first and middle fingers trace a pentogram over the object.
2. Visualize electric blue or purple flames coming from your fingers.
3. Chant as you trace the pentogram "with this pentogram i do lay protection heare both night and day and to the one who should not touch let their fingers burn and twitch i know envoke thee: so mote it be"
if this is done properly it's quite effective.you can use it in case you get in real trouble.^_^


text:
NAS ViewPoint is a convenient and concise appraisal summary that assists with the identification of potential risks associated with property appraisals.Combining lender specific criteria, guidelines, property and market factors, NASViewPoint provides a score that indicates various risk levels.The ViewPoint simplifies the way an appraisal report is reviewed.
Recognizing the increased need for data analysis and emerging collateral management strategies among Financial Institutions, NAS developed and successfully implemented fully customizable online appraisal forms using industry-leading technology.The NAS Appraisal Score, using customized logic, automatically extracts key data elements to compute appraisal risk factors and presents them on a summary page.Clear upfront identification of risks can save significant time in the appraisal review process, while mitigating potential valuation risk. This process is fully automated, providing NAS' clients with the highest level of accuracy.
The NAS ViewPoint can connect public information such as previous sales, ownership history and assessment information where available to further identify potential risks and inconsistencies with the valuation.
Overall, the NAS ViewPoint simplifies the way an appraisal report is reviewed, assists in the identification of risk and effectively manages the appraisal review process.


text:
. Zastrow and kirst-ashman's understanding human behavior and the social environment, 10th edition looks at the lifespan through the lens of social work theory and practice, organizational, covering human development and behavior theories within the context of family, and community systems.
Used book in Good Condition. Sage Publications Inc. Used book in Good Condition. Using a chronological lifespan approach, psychological, the book presents separate chapters on biological, and social impacts at the different lifespan stages with an emphasis on strengths and empowerment.
Empowerment Series: Understanding Human Behavior and the Social EnvironmentCengage Learning _TAG_ - To further prepare you for your career, this edition's content aligns with the core competencies and recommended behaviors outlined in the current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards EPAS set by the Council on Social Work Education CSWE. The first step in this change process is accurate assessment -- and that's the primary focus of UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.
Empowerment Series: Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment _TAG_ - You'll learn about biological, psychological, and social development at different lifespan stages, as well as about the benefits of strengths and empowerment approaches to social work. Used book in Good Condition. Sage Publications Inc. Focusing on individual behavior within families and other systems, this book will help you understand the underlying reasons why people act the way they do.
Used book in Good Condition. The main objective of social work is to facilitate positive changes in individuals, organizations, groups, families, and communities.
Empowerment Series: Essential Research Methods for Social WorkCengage Learning _TAG_ - Sage Publications Inc. Reader friendly and clear, rubin and Babbie's concise and social work-specific research methods book provides readers with the tools they need to understand the subject matter. Illustrations and examples throughout show readers how they can apply research to practice. As part of the cengage empowerment series, 4th edition, essential research methods for social work, thoroughly integrates the core competencies and recommended practice behaviors outlined in the current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards EPAS set by the Council on Social Work Education CSWE.
Used book in Good Condition. Outlines, boxed features, introductions, chapter endings with main points, and review questions and exercises provide the information and practice readers need to learn the essentials. Used book in Good Condition. Cengage Learning.


Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
Van der Pol's differential equation is
The equation describes a system with nonlinear damping, the degree of nonlinearity given by μ. If μ = 0 the system is linear and undamped, but as μ increases the strength of the nonlinearity increases. We will plot the phase portrait for the solution to Van der Pol's equation in Python using SciPy's new ODE solver ivp_solve.
The function ivp_solve does not solve second-order systems of equations directly. It solves systems of first-order equations, but a second-order differential equation can be recast as a pair of first-order equations by introducing the first derivative as a new variable.
\begin{align*} {dx \over dt} &= y \\ {dy \over dt}&= \mu(1-x^2)y -x \\ \end{align*}
Since y is the derivative of x, the phase portrait is just the plot of (x, y).
Phase portait of Van der Pol oscillator
If μ = 0, we have a simple harmonic oscillator and the phase portrait is simply a circle. For larger values of μ the solutions enter limiting cycles, but the cycles are more complicated than just circles. These limiting cycles are periodic attractors: every non-trivial solution converges to the limit cycle.
Here's the Python code that made the plot.
from scipy import linspace
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def vdp(t, z):
 x, y = z
a, b = 0, 10
mus = [0, 1, 2]
styles = ["-", "--", ":"]
t = linspace(a, b, 500)
for mu, style in zip(mus, styles):
 sol = solve_ivp(vdp, [a, b], [1, 0], t_eval=t)
 plt.plot(sol.y[0], sol.y[1], style)
# make a little extra horizontal room for legend
plt.legend([f"$\mu={m}$" for m in mus])
To plot the solutions as a function of time, rather than plotting phase portraits, change the line
 plt.plot(sol.t, sol.y[0], style)
and comment out the line setting xlim This gives the following plot.
Van der Pol oscillator solutions as a function of time
More dynamical system posts
One thought on "Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
 1. I think you would be amazed at the applications that rely on the assessment of the damping characteristics of a system. Although I am a simply geotechnical engineer who focuses on soil and rock, we still study the damping and amplification of natural materials affected by earthquake and blast induced vibrations, and so many others. The ralated post on mechanical vibrations that is referenced is more familar to me, as the same equations are used to design foundations to support oscillating equipment, such as a ball mill in a ore processing plant at a mine or a generator in a hydroelectric powerhouse. Absolutely fascinating stuff!!!
 Thanks for all the great posts in 2019! Have a great holiday season!
 Can't wait to see what you have to share in 2020!!!
Leave a Reply


Cure Terms Glossary
Gelation is process of gel formation. In the process of cure, the onset of gelation is the point when the mix is no longer capable of flow (the no-flow condition). At this point, viscous and elastic character are in balance (storage & loss moduli equal in value) and the gel point can therefore be regarded as the half-way house between purely viscous and purely elastic states. In molecular terms, gelation occurs when an infinite network first forms.
Gelation is critically dependent on the functionality of the starting mix - i.e., the higher the initial functionality, then the earlier in the cure will gelation occur. The competition between intermolecular (crosslinking) and intramolecular (cyclisation) complicates matters and current theories focus on predicting a critical conversion, pc, below which gelation is not possible. One such expression estimates the critical conversion for gelation in stoichiometic cure effected by the stepwise reaction of two types of mutually reacting groups (i.e. A + B → C) as:
pc2 = 1 / (φ1 - 1) (φ2 - 1)
where pc is a fractional conversion (i.e. 0 - 1), and φ1 & φ2 are the average functionalities of the starting molecules
Unlike vitrification, there is no change in change in reactivity of the system on gelation.


text:
- Make sure you're in Normal view.
- Click the slide you want to precede the slide you're inserting. This feature will insert a slide or slides after the selected slide.
- From the Insert menu, choose Slides From Files.
- Click Browse on the Find Presentation tab (the default) and then locate the presentation that contains the slides you're reusing.
- Click the slide or slides you're reusing and click Insert. Or click Insert All. If you want to insert more than one slide, but not all, hold down the [Ctrl] key while you click the slides you want to insert.
- Click the slide you want to precede the slide you're inserting.
- Click New Slide in the Slides group on the Home tab and then select Reuse Slides at the bottom of the resulting dialog box.
- Click the Open A PowerPoint File link in the Reuse Slide pane to the right.
- Locate the presentation that contains the slides you want to reuse.
- Click the slide you want to reuse or choose Insert All Slides.
Once you have the existing slides in your new presentation, you can use them as is or tweak them a bit. Reusing slides when possible is efficient and PowerPoint makes the process easy.
Susan Sales Harkins is an IT consultant, specializing in desktop solutions. Previously, she was editor in chief for The Cobb Group, the world's largest publisher of technical journals.


Can You Interact With Ghosts?
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Re: Can You Interact With Ghosts?
I am reasonably convinced that there are a class of apparitional experiences that are the product of the experient's impressions of information that in some way becomes relevant to them. The so-called "residual" or "hauntnig" apparitions are examples of these. There is, in other words, something about a place or a thing with which living people interact that produces the mental image of another time or place. Essentially these experients seem to be reading the memories of those involved with that place or thing.
On the other hand, the interactive apparitional events seem at first quite different. Until we realize that two things are true in the data: 1) sometimes experients are unsure initially if they experience an interactive or residual apparition, and 2) different experients may have differing experiences with what appears to be the same apparition. In other words, some might perceive the same apparition as residual while others perceive it as interactive. The famous Morton ghost was a wonderful example of this. Rose Morton had some experiences with the late woman of the house that were highly interactive and other experiences that seemed more residual.
So it appears we are looking for a mechanism that can explain both types of apparitions. But what is that mechanism? I think it is the same mechanism that makes it possible for two living people to know what each other is thinking, or for a remote viewer to locate a target to which he or she has never been or that makes it possible for a medium to know, in advance, characteristics and traits of a sitter they will read later that day. Every one of these phenomena and abilities suggests some form of tuning or, as I have come to call, relevance bonding.
If you think about how you think on a daily basis, we have lots of information in our heads. We don't focus on everything at once. Those who try to do so (and you know who you are) get little accomplished in fact. We simply are not wired for that level of multi-tasking much as we might wish to the contrary. So we prioritize. We prioritize based on the relevance of the thought to the current moment. This is likely based originally in our species' survival. At one time it was important if the predator was at the cave door. Today we are concerned if the boss is standing near the desk, or the significant other is nearby and the assigned household chore is undone. You get the idea: relevance is important.
This well may apply when it comes to bonds across individual as it relates to our memories. There is interesting mathematical theory that suggests our minds might exist in hyperspace. This would mean that our memories are there. We may bond to these information hyper spaces because they are of highest relevance to us. What after all is more important than our memories? Actually the answer is, nothing is more important!
So what would happen if we found a way to establish a relevance bond to someone else's memories? We would have psi cognitive phenomena and abilities. And if we found a way to selectively influence that other information space, we would have a way to both establish relevance with another and across that semantic bond share information.
It is possible this is what is happening with telepaths, mediums and sitters and so on. Apparitional agents in some cases may be establishing relevance bonds with others in the interactive cases such as with experimental and crisis apparitions. Haunting apparitional agents may influence the environment in such a way that others later reconstruct the informational relevance and through that access the relevant information space of the original agent thus sharing selective memories.
This introduces an important point: it links actions of the haunting apparitional agent (a living person don't forget) to a form of PK. So it appears that our inherent ability to influence our environments may make apparitions possible, whether they are interactive or haunting (residual). Thus there is a common mechanism. And once we admit that PK is used to produce the mechanics of the apparition, we see that the living are the likely candidates for more commonly recognizable phenomena, such as Poltergeists and related PK.
So from my pespective, the REAL SECRET to all forms of psi is that we seem to be able to varying degrees to perturb or influence not only our own material and mental worlds, but also those of others. Mental and material perturbation lies at the heart of all psi. It is, I think, the secret to everything.
Anomalous Phenomena is Unexplained not Impossible
Psi is Subtle not Absolute
Anything is possible, it'a all a matter of Probability
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