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Importance of economic in our society
This paper focused on the review of science education in nigeria, its importance to national development and problems militating against its development the paper. Promoting better governance is a key way the middle class grows the economy of a middle-class society, making this truth a central part of our economic. Importance of media in social awareness the media has got a vital social or economic and giving us creating awareness against evils in our society,. Democracy and society meanwhile, we put other people's children into an economic and environmental death but it creates a tremendous crisis in our society.
Browse through this article to learn the importance/ significance of today's world is that of "economic the elements of the society,. Economic growth: economic growth although the term is often used in discussions of short-term economic performance, growth proceeds from a traditional society. The importance of liberty in society as our collective political philosophy matured and economic diversity that ensures that there is enough free play of.
Economic growth and sustainability – are in present-day society, although we recognize our to address the paradox between economic growth and sustainability. Why are clothes so important when it comes to of sharing information about the economic value of our lcrn - london community resource network. Why is competition important for growth and poverty reduction and importance of these linkages is still not competition to encourage economic growth and. Importance of history studying history is important because it allows us to understand our one can look at past economic and cultural trends and be able to. The importance of infrastructure for economic growth, i am excited to see many of these issues coming together in our bertrand badré is world bank.
The inexorable advance of the knowledge society and but technology has rendered our interdependence knowledge through research is of the greatest importance. Banks and the importance of banking importance of bank history of banking in promoting economic serves the society by facilitating. The importance of creative intelligence for our they will be underprepared for the challenges that our society and economies the importance of. Nickel institute nickel use in society socio-economic many of the things we take for granted and use in our statistics show the quantitative importance.
People's participation is becoming the central issue of our time, says policy-makers is of vital importance all sectors of society can lead to the. Political institutions, economic growth, and democracy: political institutions, economic to assess the importance of political institutions on economic. Role of mathematics in the development of society has vital role in our daily life a society may be described as an economic,.
Readers question: what is the importance of economics economics is concerned with helping individuals and society decide on the optimal allocation of our limited. The importance of physical education our society seems to be struggling while often overlooked and sometimes shunted aside during times of economic. Effects of the car on societies the effects of the car on society are not as allowing people to geographically increase their social and economic.
Women are an important element of our society importance of women in our society government that are working for improving the social and economic position. For decades, agriculture has been associated with the production of essential food crops at present, agriculture above and beyond farming includes forestry, dairy. Why it's important to understand economics the more essential question to be asked is: how can we improve economic literacy in our society. Essay on women empowerment: its meaning and importance but it also help develop the society 5 economic benefits: importance of women in our society.


HM 230 : Lodging Management
Transcript title
Lodging Management
Grade mode
Standard letter grades
Contact hours total
Lecture hours
Explore current operational practices of lodging operations throughout the world. Study management functions related to front office, housekeeping, marketing, reservations, maintaining customer accounts, laws affecting lodging operations and typical service problems. Go on field trips to learn about different kinds of lodging operations throughout the state.
Learning outcomes
1. Identify the internal and external components of managing lodging operations.
2. Explain the theory of yield management as it relates to lodging operations.
3. Determine guest room availability and how to deal with overbooking situations.
4. Summarize the functional areas of lodging properties.
5. Identify careers in the lodging industry.
Content outline
Travel and Tourism
Hotel Development
Hotel Management and Operations
Food service Management
Beverage Management
Meetings, Conventions, and Special Events
Recreation and Leisure
Global Gaming and Casino Operations
Globalization of Hospitality
Required materials
Required textbook, web simulation code.
Grading methods
Grades will be determined by weekly homework, midterm exam, and final exam; may include discussion, short essays, and in-class presentation.
Outside of


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The pronounciation suggests that the sentence is about a mango in general (lEmango), not the specific mango (which would be lAmango, wouldn't it?).
I did. I finally figured out that instead of spamming in comments, it's better to just report.
It used to be a problem because the suggested translation was "The mango has a good smell". Now they have apparently fixed it, and it is about a general mango, as the translation suggests.
You could say המנגו מריח טוב = the mango smells good. but המנגו יש ריח טוב is not a correct sentence. The ל implies the ownership in the way the verb "to have" is constructed in Hebrew. Translated literally this sentence is "there is good smell to the mango". the ל incorporated the "to the".
With the definite article, shouldn't it be "la-mango"? I'm hearing "le-mango."
It isn't necessarily the definite article here. You could say le-mango and this sentence can mean "(any) mango has good smell.
The only issue with the translation is that when translating verbatim from H to any western language, an interpretation is required to have the sentence make sense. "For the mango there's a nice smell" simply reads what we all know: Mangoes smell nice...
Why "a" article is needed for "good smell"?? Why "mango has good smell" is incorrect?
Are you asking regarding the translation of this sentence, or in English generally?
You need the article "a" in front of mango in English. Here's an article explaining it: _URL_
That depends on whether you are using "mango" as a countable noun or as a mass noun. If mangoes smell good in general and that is the message you are trying to convey, then it's fine to treat it as a mass noun and forego the indefinite article. In fact, saying "a mango smells good" indicates that there is somewhere in the world a mango that smells good. That is not what you're trying to say.
The article you linked gives a similar example: Fruit is on sale.
So, if "Mango smells good" is an acceptable translation, why is "A mango smells good" rejected?
Reyakh. Though sometimes pronounced re-akh (native speakers swallow the y sound).
The other way around, I think: It's always /re-akh/, and /re-yach/ is an anomaly that's fading away. It's the pronunication of Israelies who immigrated from Poland and Russia up until the 30's, their most luminary example (for pronunication jokes) being Shimon Peres. Also you find it in songs from the 50's through mid-70's, because singers were taught to add it on the grounds that hyatus is not nice. _URL_ (/ya yareyach/: יא ירח, addressing the moon).
Hebrew isn't as strict about word order as English. Both variants are acceptable.
That said, what is this sentence about? Mangos. The mango is the subject. So it makes sense to put the mango first, and the word that modifies the mango (יש) afterwards. But feel free to phrase it in any of these ways for the desired emphasis:
למנגו יש ריח טוב
יש למנגו ריח טוב
ריח טוב יש למנגו
But don't say the following. It makes you sound like Yoda:
ריח טוב למנגו יש

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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is decided by the judges, and is said to "go the distance". The fighter with the higher score at the end of the fight is ruled the winner. With three judges, unanimous and split decisions are possible, as are draws. A boxer may win the bout before a decision is reached through a knockout; such bouts are said to have ended "inside the distance". If a fighter is knocked down during the fight, determined by whether the boxer touches the canvas floor of the ring with any part of their body other than the feet as a result of the opponent's punch and not a slip, as determined by the referee, the referee begins counting until the fighter returns to his or her feet and can continue.
Should the referee count to ten, then the knocked-down boxer is ruled "knocked out" (whether unconscious or not) and the other boxer is ruled the winner by knockout (KO). A "technical knockout" (TKO) is possible as well, and is ruled by the referee, fight doctor, or a fighter's corner if a fighter is unable to safely continue to fight, based upon injuries or being judged unable to effectively defend themselves. Many jurisdictions and sanctioning agencies also have a "three-knockdown rule", in which three knockdowns in a given round result in a TKO. A TKO is considered a knockout in a fighter's record. A "standing eight" count rule may also be in effect. This gives the referee the right to step in and administer a count of eight to a fighter that he feels may be in danger, even if no knockdown has taken place. After counting the referee will observe the fighter, and decide if he is fit to continue. For scoring purposes, a standing eight count is treated as a knockdown.
In general, boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, or spitting. The boxer's shorts are raised so the opponent is not allowed to hit to the groin area with intent to cause pain or injury. Failure to abide by the former may result in a foul. They also are prohibited from kicking, head-butting, or hitting with any part of the arm other than the knuckles of a closed fist (including hitting with the elbow, shoulder or forearm, as well as with open gloves, the wrist, the inside, back or side of the hand). They are prohibited as well from hitting the back, back of the neck or head (called a "rabbit-punch") or the kidneys. They are prohibited from holding the ropes for support when punching, holding an opponent while punching, or ducking below the belt of their opponent (dropping below the waist of your opponent, no matter the distance between).
If a "clinch" – a defensive move in which a boxer wraps his or her opponents arms and holds on to create a pause – is broken by the referee, each fighter must take a full step back before punching again (alternatively, the referee may direct the fighters to "punch out" of the clinch). When a boxer is knocked down, the other boxer must immediately cease fighting and move to the furthest neutral corner of the ring until the referee has either ruled a knockout or called for the fight to continue.
Violations of these rules may be ruled "fouls" by the referee, who may issue warnings, deduct points, or disqualify an offending boxer, causing an automatic loss, depending on the seriousness and intentionality of the foul. An intentional foul that causes injury that prevents a fight from continuing usually causes the boxer who committed it to be disqualified. A fighter who suffers an accidental low-blow may be given up to five minutes to recover, after which they may be ruled knocked out if they are unable to continue. Accidental fouls that cause injury ending a bout may lead to a "no contest" result, or else cause the fight to go to a decision if enough rounds (typically four or more, or at least three in a four-round fight) have passed.
Unheard of these days, but common during the early 20th Century in North America, a "newspaper decision (NWS)" might be made after a no decision bout had ended. A "no decision" bout occurred when, by law or by pre-arrangement of the fighters, if both boxers were still standing at the fight's conclusion and there was no knockout, no official decision was rendered and neither boxer was declared the winner. But this did not prevent the pool of ringside newspaper reporters from declaring a consensus result among themselves and printing a newspaper decision in their publications. Officially, however, a "no decision" bout resulted in neither boxer winning or losing. Boxing historians sometimes use these unofficial newspaper decisions in compiling fight records for illustrative purposes only. Often, media outlets covering a match will personally score the match, and post their scores as an independent sentence in their report.
Professional vs. amateur boxing
Throughout the 17th through 19th centuries, boxing bouts were motivated by money, as the fighters competed for prize money, promoters controlled the gate, and spectators bet on the result. The modern Olympic movement revived interest in amateur sports, and amateur boxing became an Olympic sport in 1908. In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts. Currently scoring blows in amateur boxing are subjectively counted by ringside judges, but the Australian Institute for Sport has demonstrated a prototype of an Automated Boxing Scoring System, which introduces scoring objectivity, improves safety, and arguably makes the sport more interesting to spectators. Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics. For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career.
Amateur boxing
Amateur boxing may be found at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games, and in many other venues sanctioned by amateur boxing associations. Amateur boxing has a point scoring system that measures the number of clean blows landed rather than physical damage. Bouts consist of three rounds of three minutes in the Olympic and Commonwealth Games, and three rounds of three minutes in a national ABA (Amateur Boxing Association) bout, each with a one-minute interval between rounds.
Competitors wear protective headgear and gloves with a white strip across the knuckle. A punch is considered a scoring punch only when the boxers connect with the white portion of the gloves. Each punch that lands cleanly on the head or torso with sufficient force is awarded a point. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors use only legal blows. A belt worn over the torso represents the lower limit of punches – any boxer repeatedly landing low blows below the belt is disqualified. Referees also ensure that the boxers don't use holding tactics to prevent the opponent from swinging. If this occurs, the referee separates the opponents and orders them to continue boxing. Repeated holding can result in a boxer being penalized or ultimately disqualified. Referees will stop the bout if a boxer is seriously injured, if one boxer is significantly dominating the other or if the score is severely imbalanced. Amateur bouts which end this way may be noted as "RSC" (referee stopped contest) with notations for an outclassed opponent (RSCO), outscored opponent (RSCOS), injury (RSCI) or head injury (RSCH).
Professional boxing
Professional bouts are usually much longer than amateur bouts, typically ranging from ten to twelve rounds, though four round fights are common for less experienced fighters or club fighters. There are also some twoand three-round professional bouts, especially in Australia. Through the early twentieth century, it was common for fights to have unlimited rounds, ending only when one fighter quit, benefiting high-energy fighters like Jack Dempsey. Fifteen rounds remained the internationally recognized limit for championship fights for most of the twentieth century until the early 1980s, when the death of boxer Duk Koo Kim eventually prompted the World Boxing Council and other organizations sanctioning professional boxing to reduce the limit to twelve rounds.
Headgear is not permitted in professional bouts, and boxers are generally allowed to take much more damage before a fight is halted. At any time, however, the referee may stop the contest if he believes that one participant cannot defend himself due to injury. In that case, the other participant is awarded a technical knockout win. A technical knockout would also be awarded if a fighter lands a punch that opens a cut on the opponent, and the opponent is later deemed not fit to continue by a doctor because of the cut. For this reason, fighters often employ cutmen, whose job is to treat cuts between rounds so that the boxer is able to continue despite the cut. If a boxer simply quits fighting, or if his corner stops the fight, then the winning boxer is also awarded a technical knockout victory. In contrast with amateur boxing, professional male boxers have to be bare chested.
Boxing styles
Definition of Style
"Style" is often defined as the strategic approach a fighter takes during a bout. No two fighters' styles are alike, as it is determined by that individual's physical and mental attributes. There are three main styles in boxing: Out-fighter ("Boxer"), Brawler (or slugger), and In-fighter ("Swarmer"). These styles may be divided into several special subgroups, such as counter puncher, etc. The main philosophy of the styles is, that each style has an advantage over one, but disadvantage over the other one. It follows the rock

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Forsyth GIS Day 2011 & Geography Awareness Week
Posted on 10/31/2011
The National Geographic Society has sponsored Geography Awareness Week since 1987 to promote geographic literacy in schools, communities and organizations, with a focus on the education of children. GIS Day is held on the Wednesday during Geography Awareness Week.
Geography touches everyone's life in some way; nearly anything you can think of has some geographical component. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools that allow us to better understand, interpret and visualize patterns, relationships and trends in data by examining them geographically.
You may not realize it, but chances are you use or benefit from GIS every day. If you've ever gotten directions to a new restaurant online, or used the GPS in your car or on your smartphone to get there, then you've had experience with GIS. From these simple applications to complex systems of transportation logistics, watershed modeling and emergency response, GIS has become an integral part of our lives.
The Forsyth Geographic Information Office was recently created to manage and coordinate the use of GIS by departments within the county and cities. We are inviting all to join us in this event – one of many celebrated across the globe – where GIS users from across the county and state will present examples of how they employ GIS.
Informational maps, posters and computer applications will be on display throughout the week, and on Wednesday the event's participants will be on-site to discuss, educate and enlighten.
Geography Awareness Week: November 14 – 18
Forsyth GIS Day 2011: Wednesday, November 16, 10:00 am – 3:00 pm
Forsyth County Government Center, 201 N. Chestnut Street, Winston-Salem


Surprising Difference between Dentists and Periodontists? Best Guide
difference between dentists and periodontists
Although most of the peoples do not know the difference between dentists and Periodontists that's why Dentist and Periodontist are commonly considered as similar there is a difference in between dentist and Periodontist. Most of the persons however do not know about this as many of the problems of periodontists are treatable for a dentist.
Simply we can say that the dentist treats the problems and diseases related to the teeth, gums and other areas of the mouth while the periodontist only treats the problems and disorders related to gums and bones which support the teeth.
General Dentist:
General dentist is similar to MBBS or MD means he/she is not a specialist in any special part of the mouth. A general dentist can treat most of the problems related to teeth and supporting structures of teeth and some mouth problems. In most of the cases General dentist is required while in a few cases requires specialist of that part.
General dentists provide a routine treatment that includes X-rays, tooth extraction, and other common dental problems such as nerve damage, fractures, discoloration of the teeth, cavities, calculus bridge removal, etc.
In most of the problems General dentists are required they not only treat common dental problems as well as oral health problems. Consulting a General dentist is really important for maintaining great oral health and also maintaining hygienicity of the mouth and teeth.
Common responsibilities of a General Dentist includes:
 - Promoting person's health wit different methods for proper oral care
 - Performing X-rays or other techniques for diagnostic purposes.
 - Extraction of teeth when teeth is non treatable.
 - Administration of anesthetics to alleviate pain in affected areas of the oral cavities.
Here one must know the basic concept of Periodontology, which makes it easier to remember the difference.
Periodontology commonly known as Periodontics is the branch of dentistry which deals with the study of supporting structures of teeth as well as diseases related to the supporting structure.
So simply we can say that Periodontists are just like dentists but they can treat only supporting structures of teeth while dentists not only treat supporting structures as well as teeth and mouth problems as well.
A common question is asked that "can periodontist do general dentistry". Of-course Yes. Periodontist is a dentist with additional qualification as well.
Regular visiting to the periodontist can help a person to avoid serious health problems. The periodontist commonly asked for treating severe and complex cases related to supporting structures as it completely relates to his field while general dentists face difficulty to treat these problems.
In both specializations dental graduation is necessary from any dental colleges or medical and dental universities while the Periodontist requires additional 3 years for specialization.
For Example:
Just like a Doctor, When he/she has completed the MBBS/MD. He became a doctor after completing FRCS. So Dentist is like MBBS/MD when any dentist completes its studies and also completes additional 3 year course for Periodontology He becomes Periodontogist.
When it talk about the periodontist vs dentist salary, The Salary of Periodontist is much more then General dentist as Periodontist requires specialization and has higher qualifications then dentist.
Commonly Periodontists treat Cases such as
 - Tissue removal i.e soft Tissues
 - Recontouring Hard Tissues
 - Cleaning Deep Pocket
 - Grafting in Bone
Common Responsibilities of periodontist includes:
 - Interpreting various examinations of tooth and imaging it
 - Removal of gingivitis agents along the gum lines and teeth
 - Administration of numbing agent at required areas
 - Pulling of irreparable teeth
 - Performing grafting of tissues and bones.
While Dentist commonly treats minor cases of Periodontists as well as other cases of teeth and mouth such as
 - General Cleaning of Teeth
 - Extractions of teeth
 - Non-surgical cases of Periodontal cares
One may confuse Periodontist with implantologist, so one must differentiate periodontist with implantologist. Implantology deals with the techniques for dental implants. An Implantologist is trained to implant surgeries, prosthetic rehabilitation etc. There are a few techniques which an implantologist performs that are also performed by the Periodontist but not all the techniques of implantologists can be performed by the Periodontists. Simply, we can say an implantologist performs the work of dental implants. One must remember the implantologist requires Diploma (DICOI stands for Diplomate of International Congress of Oral Implantologists) of 1 to 2 years while the Periodontists requires 3 years for specialization.
What does a Periodontal dentist do?
A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in preventing treating and diagnosis of periodontal disease i.e disease related to the supporting tissues of the teeth such as gums. They use different methods and latest techniques for diagnosing and treatment of periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and perform different procedures for the treatment of different periodontal disease. Remember that Periodontal is also considered as a specialist in oral inflammatory diseases.
What type of procedures does a periodontist perform?
Periodontists treat a wide range of gums and supporting structures problems and different procedures includes scaling and root planing (i.e the cleaning of infected root surfaces), debridement of root surface (i.e the removal of damaged tissues) and regenerative procedures as well.
Should I see a dentist or Periodontist?
Not all the time you need a periodontist. Some of the experienced dentists can manage and treat mild periodontal problems and diseases but if cases are severe and complex periodontists are necessary. In most of the cases dentist refers person to periodontist. Research suggests that Periodontitis have a high amount of cases at older age i.e aged person has higher risk of Periodontitis i.e case of Periodontist. In some instances, genetic disorders are found in these cases one must visit a Periodontist clinic. When you have the following signs you should look for Periodontist:
 When you noticed a change in your bite:
If our teeth feel different while talking, chewing or biting or brushing you should see a Periodontist. In long term problems of these cases one must visit a Periodontist while in less severe cases you can visit a general Dentist clinic.
 When You have Redness, Swelling or Bleeding from Gums.
These are the obvious signs as discussed earlier periodontists are considered as experts in inflammatory problems.
Loosening of Teeth:
When losing teeth due to gum problems it is an obvious sign for a Periodontist. One should look for a periodontist and it is one of the signs of Periodontitis. In these cases periodontists are necessary.
When Your have Pain and Discomfort:
Oral pain can occur due to various reasons such as gingivitis. In most cases a general dentist is enough to treat disorders and diseases. While a few cases require a Periodontist, Normally general dentist refers to the periodontist in these cases.
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Explorations in Natural Sciences
Behind Birding: Birds in the City
Now - February 20, 2013
Wednesday | 6:30 - 8:30 p.m.
- Scott Davies
Birds are extraordinary creatures, not only because they look and sound beautiful but because they behave in such varied and fascinating ways. In this new series instructed by ornithologist Scott Davies, we will study the biology behind many of these behaviors, giving you a new appreciation for the birds you see in the Garden, at home and in your travels.
Birds in the City
The urbanized areas of the world are expected to increase dramatically over the next 50 years, making them one of the fastest-growing ecosystems on earth. As a relatively new city, Phoenix provides an excellent opportunity to study the radical environmental changes urbanization causes. This class will investigate how the lives of birds are changed by expanding cities. We will discuss subjects such as breeding, behavior, anatomy and species distribution.
- Class enrollment limit: 24
Natural Science classes sponsored by Maricopa Audubon Society


Summary Anatomy Item Literature (466) Expression Attributions Wiki
Anatomy Term: branchial arch
XAO ID: _PHONE_
Synonyms: branchial arches
Definition: "Structures that develop from the pharyngeal arches. Pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a staggered development."
Stage Range: NF stage 27 to death
Marker Genes:
Develops From:
Develops Into:
Parent(s): pharyngeal arch (is_a)
References: NCBO BioPortal, Ontology Lookup Service


littoral (adj.)
"pertaining to the seashore," 1650s, from Latin littoralis "of or belonging to the seashore," from litus (genitive litoris) "seashore, coast, seaside, beach, strand," from Proto-Italic *leitos, a word of unknown origin, possibly from PIE root *lei- "to flow" [Watkins], but de Vaan finds a better candidate in the PIE root *leit- (2) "to go forth" (see lead (v.1)), with sense evolution "the going away," hence "the edge."
The noun meaning "part of a country lying along the coast" is from 1828, from Italian littorale, originally an adjective, from Latin littoralis. Compare Lido.
Others are reading
Definitions of littoral from WordNet
littoral (n.)
the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean;
Synonyms: litoral / littoral zone / sands
littoral (adj.)
of or relating to a coastal or shore region;


Timely Weed Control
Weed Control in Tignall, GA
Does it seem like the only two choices for weed control in Tignall, GA are to use chemicals or to have a lawn full of weeds? That simply isn't true. There is a safe and easy way to have that lush green lawn by using corn meal gluten. First, let's dispel three common myths about grass weed control in Tignall, GA.
How corn meal gluten gets the job done. This byproduct of milling corn is also a food source used in animal feed. When this food is used on lawns it attacks seedling roots by drying them up. Without a healthy root, the plant has no hope of growing and quickly dies off. This is the best kind of grass weed control in Tignall, GA since it doesn't matter how many seeds blow onto your lawn.
Zip Codes Near Tignall, GA
30668, 29666, 30647, 30553, 30516, 30823, 30820, 30601, 29638, 30660, 30622, 29639, 29819, 29643, 30565, 29848, 30662, 30666, 30819, 30631, 29655, 30621, 29692, 29844, 29824, 29654, 30639, 29620, 30643, 30633, 30630, 30810, 30624, 30677, 30828, 30814, 30802, 29659, 30619, 29821, 29838, 30808, 30646, 30625, 30664, 30634, 29689, 30529, 30648, 29684, 30623, 29677, 29845, 30683, 29835, 30650, 30671, 29628, 30629, 30642, 31045


text:
- blown by the wind
- twisted in growth by the prevailing wind: said of a tree
See windblown in American Heritage Dictionary 4
- Blown or dispersed by the wind: windblown pollen.
- Growing or shaped in a manner governed by the prevailing winds: windblown scrub pines.
- Cut short and curled or combed toward the front of the head: a windblown hairstyle.
Learn more about windblown


A. Simon. Splitting the Control Flow with Boolean Flags. In M. Alpuente and G. Vidal, editors, Static Analysis Symposium, volume 5079 of LNCS, pages 315-331, Valencia, Spain, July 2008. Springer.
Tools for proving the absence of run-time errors often deploy a numeric domain that approximates the possible values of a variable using linear inequalities. These abstractions are adequate since the correct program state is often convex. For instance, if the upper and lower bound of an index lie within the bounds of an array, then so do all the indices inbetween. In certain cases, for example when analysing a division operation, the correct program state is not convex. In this case correctness can be shown by splitting the control flow path, that is, by partitioning the set of execution traces which is normally implemented by analysing a path several times. We show that adding a Boolean flag to the numeric domain has the same effect. The paper discusses prerequisites, limitations and presents an improved points-to analysis using Boolean flags.
Download: PDF Reference: Bibtex The original publication is available at _URL_


Lac Mbaouane, Kayar
Lac Mbaouane is a part of the Naiyes Important Bird Area, on the route to Kayar, north of Dakar. It is a saline lake that appears to be entirely fed by rainfall. Over the months since September and the end of the rains it has shown an interesting evolution from lake full of water and few birds, to a slightly smaller lake, as evaporation occurs, full of waders, to this month's state on 16 January. The pictures above and below show a lake still substantial and with damp mud, but devoid of waders. The water is extremely salty to the taste. The most abundant bird was osprey. These saline lakes with no fish near the coast are popular roosting sites for ospreys that feeds offshore. Today there were 18 and similar numbers can be found at coastal lakes where the birds do not fish such as Lac Rose, Yene and Toubab Dialaw.
mbaouane3mbaouane4Amongst the total of less than ten waders was the considerable surprise of a white-fronted plover.
In the photo it is typically running at great speed and long in profile; features often picking it out from the similar Kentish plover before the diagnostic grey feet and plumage differences. This is a rare species north of Joal and I suspect the few Petite Cote records include errors. There is one record from Technopole, Dakar. Today's record seems to be the furthest north, even just outside its mapped range!
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"Pilchards! Whose bodies yield the fragrant oil and make the London lamps at midnight smile!" Peter Pindar 1783.
Cornwall once relied upon the sea for nearly everything: food, transport, trade, defence and contact with the outside world. Fishing was always a vital part of the Cornish way of life and in the 18th and 19th Century, pilchard fishing was a major industry. Throughout the summer months large shoals of pilchards were caught off the Cornish coast; then they were taken to pilchard cellars for processing. The pilchards were squeezed flat + oil drained out; producing 18 to 45 litres from each barrel. The oil was mostly sold as lamp oil. Pilchard fishing declined from the mid-20th Century, although small quantities of pilchards are still caught in Cornish waters today.
This home-made lamp, dating to around 1850, used oil from the fish processing to provide light.
Our Cornwall Galleries explore Cornwall's unique maritime heritage over three floors, bringing to life stories of Cornwall's maritime history.


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Texturing in XSI
The aim of this tutorial is to introduce you to the world of texturing and explain how to work your textures in Half-Life 2 as well. It's assumed that you have read the tutorial on the basics of XSI: XSI Beginner Tutorial.
- 1 Texturing Outline
- 2 Texturing Basics
- 3 Texturing in XSI
- 4 The Texture Editor
- 5 Texturing our Cube
- 6 Selecting Good Textures
- 7 Helpful Links
In order to view your model in HL2 you have to texture it with at least a plain white texture, or else it will be purple boxed or possibly not even show up at all. Here we will discuss the principles of texturing, what you should look for in good textures, and how to get those textures into HL2 and Hammer so you can actually use your model. It is assumed you know how to make a TGA file and also how to compile it for Source using VTEX. The proper steps to texturing your model are as follows:
- Find a texture and convert to TGA
- Import into XSI
- Map the texture onto your model
- Convert TGA to VTF
- Export model, place into Hammer, compile, view in-game!
Whether you want to or not, it is essential to understand the basics of texturing before you even attempt to texture a model.
UV or Not UV - That is The Question
The basics of texturing involve some simple math to map coordinates in a 2D plane to a 3D model. In order to do this, the 2D texture has its own coordinate system in the U and V axis. U is the horizontal axis and V is the vertical axis of your texture, and they both go from 0 to 1 (eg. 0.5,0.5 would be the middle of the texture). An object in XSI can only be mapped with ONE texture, possibly, so when building your textures you must combine several into one 512x512 image and use that for all your objects.
Normal Mapping and other Peculiarities
A bump map is a texture that changes the way light interacts with the applied surface, much like small bumps on an object in the real world. There are 2 types of bump maps. Grayscale (black and white) and RGB normal maps. Bump maps (Called height maps in some engines) change the depth of the rendered pixel (Since we are taking about pixel shaders here), so its job is to give the illusion of depth. Height maps are useful for rivets, screws, gashes and stuff that isn't very complex. Normal maps are RGB (Red, green, blue) images depicting where there is change in the angle of the rendered pixel. This is much more useful for intricate details like folds, wrinkles, complex surfaces like faces and bodies, unlike height maps. There are several tutorials out there on how to make and apply normal mapped textures, but that is beyond the scope of this article. It usually involves creating a low poly game mesh and a high poly detail mesh, then UV mapping the low poly and baking the high-res model's polygon normals into a texture. You should NOT apply a normal map in XSI unless you are doing it to show off how your model will look before compiling it.
Using Ultimapper in XSI for normal map creation
Ultimapper is the tool used within XSI for rendering out normal maps from a high resolution mesh for mapping onto your game resolution mesh. General workflow is as follows; create a group of high resolution objects that define the detail areas of your mesh, or create a subdivided refinement of your base mesh. If you're using more than one object to make a detailed mesh, use the edit: group command from the Main Command Panel (MCP). Once defined and selected, you can render out your tangent space normals, high resolution ambient occlusion maps for texturing, and any other material infomration you may need (in the albedo map). One note of caution, you need to invert the up and down channel of the resulting normal map to match the rendering inside of the engine. Open the normal map in photoshop, open the channel section in the layer window, then select the green channel. You'll now need to invert this channel(ctrl+I). Save this and re-export your vtf. (this refers to version 5 and up of XSI, previous versions use the "GPU surface FX" property, which functions in a similar manner).
Texturing in XSI
Now you can begin getting textures into XSI and pasting them onto our models! Follow closely and look at the images if you get lost.
Importing a Texture
It's a good idea to use TGA (Targa) files because they are compressionless and are the same format that will be used by VTEX to create the HL2 materials, therefore WYSIWYG. First you need to make the texture local to our cube so that it will display properly, and more importantly, export properly. 'MAKE SURE YOUR OBJECT IS SELECTED BY OBJECT!' Click Render at the top of the screen, go down to Get - Texture, then press Image. Now you are ready to start texturing (see Left Image). What you see in front of you is the XSI default mapping texture, which is good to use if you are trying to see how certain sections of your model will map to a texture. Click edit next to the name of the texture (it should be nolcon_pic) at the top of the window (circled in the pic). This will bring up a new property window that you can use to change the image properties of this texture. Go to about the middle of the page using the scroll bar and where you see C:\somedir click the... button on the far right (circled in pic) and find the image you want to use as a texture on your computer. Congratulations your image is now imported into XSI, click the little left arrow on the top of the current properties window to return to the Texture Map properties page.
Following the UV Textured Road
Having imported your texture into XSI (in the pic you can see it is a new image, and it should be different in yours too) we can now map it to our object. With your object you want to texture selected, press the New button in the Texture Projection box. Then go down to Unique UV's (polymesh) to create a UV mapping of our model's mesh for use with our texture. Now to view our texture on the model, do what's depicted in the image titled Getting your view setup, in the 3D view. Now press ALT+7 to open the Texture Editor Window. Your object has been broken down into its polygons and laid out naked onto our texture!
The Texture Editor
So far, you have taken the TGA texture on your computer and imported it into XSI. Then you created a UV mapping of our object. Now we have our mapped polygons laid out on our texture ready to go.
In this box you have your basic select, move, and manipulate tools. The button on the far left is your select button and it will select depending on the settings you put in the upper blue box (more on that later). The next button is the move button, and will move whatever you click and drag depending on what is selected in the upper blue box. The button after that is the crop button and can be used to crop out your texture image. The last three buttons are for collapsing your selection into a single point, a horizontal line, or a vertical line respectively.
In this box are all the buttons you need to start off wraping your model onto the texture correctly. On the left is the linear wrapping button. Think of this as if you take your texture and paste it onto whatever surface you select. The second button is for cylindrical wrapping and is like taking a soda can and cutting it down vertically one side and pulling it apart into a sheet. This is basically what you are doing to the polygons of your selection (Good for a soda can model). The third button is spherical mapping, and as its name states, is good for mapping a texture onto a sphere.
There are only 2 buttons you should worry about here. The one with the circular arrows checks to see what you have selected in the 3D view and applies that selection to the texture editor, and the one with the horizontal arrows does the opposite. Very useful if you are mapping certain objects and it isn't selecting right in the texture editor.
In this upper blue box you designate what things you want to select or move using the tools from the orange box. This is exactly like what you have in the modeling portion of XSI only it is in the texture editor. V is for vertex, E is for Edge, and P is for polygon. The lower blue box is the same things in the modeling portion of XSI in which you can Scale, Rotate, and Translate whatever is selected. Unlike the move arrow in the orange box, when you select one of these, it applies to the entire selection.
In the green box are your commands for showing and hiding selections, just like in Hammer. Press the S button to show only what is selected. Press the H button to show everything not selected. Press the A button to show everything.
Texturing our Cube
Now you are going to take your texture and apply it to our cube. The cube shown in the picture has some extra details.
Back to the Texture Editor
In the 3D view with ray-cast polygon selection, select one side of your cube. Now back in the texture editor click the linear wrapping button and select Best Fit.


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Elijah J. McCoyBorn May 2, 1843? at Colchester, Ontario; died October 10, 1929
Elijah McCoy was born to George McCoy and Mildred Goins, both runaway slaves from Kentucky who came via the underground railway to Colchester, Ontario.
The McCoy family returned to the United States while Elijah was very young and settled in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
At age 15 years, Elijah was sent to Edinburgh, Scotland to study mechanical engineering.
He returned to the United States after his studies. The only job he could get was as a fire man or coal man on a Michigan train line, despite his educational qualifications.
During this job, McCoy invented and patented his Improvements on Lubricators for Steam Engines in 1872 in the United States.
In 1874 Improvements on Lubricators for Steam Engines was patented in Canada.
The expression "the real McCoy," which refers to an original or real item versus an inferior imitation, supposedly originated with Elijah McCoy.
Ties to Canada: Elijah's father, George McCoy, reputedly returned to Canada and enlisted in the militia to put down the Red River Rebellion of 1870. It is also suggested that George received land in Canada for serving in the militia.
Sample of inventions patented in Canada by McCoy
|Patent Number||Filing Date||Title|
|3499||1874||Improvements on Lubricators for Steam Engines|
|14270||1882||Improvements on Lubricators|


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||Exacter of Justice
PRAXIDIKE (or Praxidice) was the goddess or spirit (daimona) of exacting justice. She and her two daughters Arete (Virtue) and Homonoia (Concord) formed a divine triad known as the Praxidikai.
In the Orphic Hymns Praxidike is equated with Persephone, Soter with Zeus, and the Praxidikai with the goddess Erinyes. She was probably also associated with the daimona Poine (Retribution).
PRAXI′DICE (Praxidikê), i. e. the goddess who carries out the objects of justice, or watches that justice is done to men. When Menelaus arrived in Laconia, on his return from Troy, he set up a statue of Praxidice near Gytheium, not far from the spot where Paris, in carrying off Helen, had founded a sanctuary of Aphrodite Migonitis (Paus. iii. 22. § 2). Near Haliartus, in Boeotia, we meet with the worship of Praxidicae, in the plural (ix. 33. § 2), who were called daughters of Ogyges, and their names are Alalcomenia, Thelxinoea, and Auilis (ix. 33. § 4; Suid. s. v.; Steph. Byz. s. v. Tremilê). Their images consisted merely of heads, and their sacrifices only of the heads of animals. With the Orphic poets Praxidice seems to be a surname of Persephone. (Orph. Argon. 31, Hymn. 28. 5.)
Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
Orphic Hymn 29 to Persephone (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) :
"Hymn to Phersephone... Zeus' holy offspring, of a beauteous mien, Praxidike (avenging Goddess), subterranean queen. The Eumenides' [Erinyes'] source, fair-haired, whose frame proceeds from Zeus' ineffable and secret seeds."
Suidas s.v. Praxidike (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Praxidike (Exacter of Justice): A deity whose head alone is venerated. Mnaseas [Greek C2nd B.C.] in his treatise On Europe says that Soter (Saviour) and his sister Praxidike (Exacter of Justice) had a son Ktesios (Household) and daughters Homonoia and Arete, who were called Praxidikai (Exacters of Penalties) after their mother."
- The Orphic Hymns - Greek Hymns C3rd B.C - C2nd A.D.
- Suidas - Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.


Download VGA Drivers
Download Drivers > VGA Drivers
VGA Drivers
download drivers VGA stands for "Video Graphics Array" which is a standard used to represent a computer monitor's color resolution. Once considered the standard in video graphics, VGA has fallen out of favor as technology has improved. Now, VGA is the "fall back" resolution. Graphics cards support VGA as their basic graphics standard should all else fail (such as missing device drivers or some other problem).
In order to fully appreciate VGA, it's important to understand its roots. Prior to 1981, computer monitors were either black and white or monochromatic. IBM introduced the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) with a 4-bit palette of 8 colors and a resolution of up to 640x280. Soon after, EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) was introduced. This standard doubled the color palette and increased the maximum resolution to 640x350.
By 1987, VGA came along boasting a palette of 32 colors and resolutions of 640x480. In six short years, graphics technology had vastly improved and the VGA standard was widely adopted. However, the technology continued to improve with new standards coming out capable of over 65,000 colors and higher resolutions.
While graphics adapter and computer manufacturers began supporting these higher resolutions, they continued to offer VGA capabilities in all graphics cards as the "lowest common denominator." What this means is that even a card capable of the highest resolutions possible will display VGA output before its drivers are loaded on boot up as well as in "safe mode."
With the advent of widescreen displays, graphics standards continue to evolve with standards such as WXGA (Wide Extended Graphics Array). No matter what standard current cards use, if the device drivers are not loaded or go missing, the card should default down to the VGA standard.
Computer display resolutions have come a long way since the low resolution days of VGA. The difference is immediately noticeable when the display cards revert to VGA. For example, a computer that has been booted up in "safe mode" automatically displays VGA graphics instead of the computer's graphics card standards because safe mode does not load additional device drivers. Instead of a crisp, rich image made up of hundreds of colors, the VGA image is big, fuzzy, and unattractive.
In its prime, VGA represented cutting edge technology. Today, VGA is nearly obsolete.
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French government renames Twitter hashtag
France's official state documents will now adopt the phrase "mot dièse" to refer to the social networking symbol
French government renames Twitter hashtag
Written By
Sacré bleu! The French government have moved to protect their nation from the sinister Anglicising effect of Twitter by replacing the word "hashtag" with their own Gallic term "mot-dièse", which translates as "sharp word".
The Commission Génerale de Terminologie et de Néologie – a government agency solely responsible for the preservation of the French language – has made it a legal requirement that the French equivalent to the English term be used in all official government legislation and correspondence. French Twitter users will also be encouraged to adopt the new word, although any decision to revert to the use of "hashtag" will not be deemed an illegal offence.
Back in 2003, the same agency attempted to replace the word "email" with the French equivalent, "courriel", with limited success. "Mot dièse" doesn't exactly trip off the tongue so it remains to be seen whether the French will adopt it into their vernacular. _TAG_


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Raven is automatically gesturing too often Follow
If your Raven is mounted too close to your steering wheel, too close to the dash, slanted downward or is moving due to a loose mount this could cause frequent unintended gestures (short videos). If alignment is not an issue, the device may be gesturing due to an adhesive layer that needs to be peeled off. Follow the mounting directions below to rectify the issue.
Do not stack anything between the mount, adhesive, and dash:
Do not tilt Raven downward:
Incorrect: Tilted Correct: Level
If adjusting the location and view of Raven does not fix the gesturing issue, there may be a hidden plastic film on Raven's screen. Indications of an additional plastic film include:
- Under bright lighting Raven's screen does not look shiny and black
- Tiny bubble(s) on the bottom left corner of the screen. (See below)
- The screen easily scuffs
To remove the plastic film:
- Using a firm but non-abrasive tool, such as a business card, lift the corner of the film.
- Peel the remainder of the film off with your fingers.
*Proximity sensors on Raven are located in the center just above the displays on the front cover. If there is an object directly in front of the proximity sensor (within 10") then false gestures might be detected.


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R&B on the National Stage
Rhythm and blues is identified internationally as a signature music of the United States, and in recent decades, several prestigious national awards have recognized rhythm and blues artists for their contributions to America's cultural heritage.
The National Medal of Arts, the highest honor given to artists by the United States government, has been awarded to artists Aretha Franklin, Quincy Jones, and William "Smokey" Robinson. The Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian award, recognizing exceptional meritorious service, has celebrated the contributions of Riley "B.B." King and Aretha Franklin. Since 1982, the National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellowships, which are modeled after Japan's "National Living Treasures," has honored Charles Brown, Riley "B.B." King, Roebuck "Pops" Staples, and Mavis Staples. The Kennedy Center Honors, acknowledging a life dedicated to artistic and cultural endeavors, has paid tribute to Quincy Jones, Smokey Robinson, Diana Ross, and Stevie Wonder.
The Rhythm and Blues program is produced in partnership with the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.
click to enlarge and view captions


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The service provides search against a database documenting chemical interactions, molecular molecular structures, and pathways. The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND) is a curated collection of reports from scientific literature describing molecular interactions in experimental research. Records document interaction data stored in a variety of sources aggregating researcher reports, so the service provides search across those separate repositories.
API methods support submission of a search query specifying a particular source identifier or a text string associated with a result. Methods return all records from the BIND database matching the query along with descriptive data about the result set such as number of results, the query that generated them, and the result type.


Statement by the Vice President: Pipeline Safety (11/3/00)
 THE WHITE HOUSE
 Office of the Vice President
For Immediate Release Contact: (202)
Friday, November 3, 2000
I am very pleased that the Administration is taking important steps today
to improve the safety of our Nation's oil and gas pipelines. The
Department of Transportation is issuing new, strong requirements for large
hazardous liquid pipeline operators to regularly inspect and promptly
repair their pipelines in populated and environmentally sensitive areas, as
well as to employ measures to detect and prevent leaks. In addition,
President Clinton is directing the Department to take actions that will
further strengthen pipeline safety standards, improve enforcement, form
strong federal-state partnerships, increase public access to information,
and enhance technology using existing authorities to their fullest extent.
Americans deserve to have the safest pipeline system possible. Despite
significant bipartisan efforts, Congress has not passed a comprehensive
pipeline safety law this year. The actions that are being taken today will
help to ensure that pipeline safety is being improved to the maximum extent
possible without a change in law. Tragedies such as the recent pipeline
accidents in Bellingham, Washington, and near Carlsbad, New Mexico, must
not be repeated.
 # # #
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text:
Superposition Coding Strategies: Design and Experimental Evaluation
Source: University of Notre Dame
The authors design and implement a software-radio system for Superposition Coding (SC), a multiuser transmission scheme that deliberately introduces interference among user signals at the transmitter, using a library of off-the-shelf point-to-point channel codes. They experimentally determine the set of rate-pairs achieved by this transmission scheme under a packet-error constraint. Their results suggest that SC can provide substantial gains in spectral efficiencies over those achieved by orthogonal schemes such as Time Division Multiplexing. Their findings also question the practical utility of the Gaussian approximation for the inter-user interference in Superposition-Coded systems.


You are hereSuper Cropping Marijuana: Simple Secret to Bigger Yields
Super Cropping Marijuana: Simple Secret to Bigger Yields
by Nebula Haze
What is Super Cropping?
Super cropping is the name for a High-Stress Training (HST) technique when you stress the plant by slightly hurting it in a planned way.
As a result, the plant will grow bushier, with more buds, and possible even higher THC levels! This is the plant's natural response to protect herself in the wild, in case things go wrong. As the grower, you can take advantage of this technique to get bigger yields and more potent buds!
Why Does Super Cropping Work So Well?
Marijuana plants loving lifeCannabis is the only known plant that naturally creates THC (which, along with CBD and other cannabinoids, make these plants of particular interest to humans).
THC is the principal 'thing' in the cannabis plant that causes the plant's well-loved psychoactive effects. THC is produced mostly in the flowers of the female cannabis plants.
But cannabinoid-like substances are abundant in almost all plants and animals, including humans. In fact, humans and mammals naturally have a ton of receptors for cannabinoids throughout our brain and bodies.
If you've ever slept, eaten, forgotten, or relaxed, then you've used your Endocannabinoid system (yay for being a mammal!) and natural cannabinoids.
Did you know that THC is produced by the marijuana plant for protection?
Obviously it's not doing a great job protecting the plants from humans! :) (Or maybe it is good for them since we keep cultivating these plants...)
In the wild, deer and many other creatures might eat marijuana flowers which would prevent the plants from making seeds and reproducing.
Yet, as far as we can tell, most animals won't strip a whole marijuana plant of ALL her buds. Either they think cannabinoids taste terrible, or maybe they hate the effects. Therefore we believe the plants use THC as a way to deter predators.
Maybe the animals just forget what they're doing and wander off...
Because these plants use THC to protect against predators, when marijuana plants are stressed, they'll put their bud and cannabinoid production into overdrive as a last ditch effort to protect themselves.
Why is that all important?
For a marijuana plant, creating the prized cannabinoid-laden buds (which are used to make seeds) is their life's work.
As a cannabis grower, it's your job to understand what causes cannabis plants to produce the biggest, most potent buds possible.
So I'm going to let you in on a big secret to getting the biggest, best buds when growing marijuana...
While marijuana growers want to make sure that these plants survive until harvest, keeping them as absolutely healthy as possible in a 100% perfect environment without any special techniques won't get you the best results.
Instead, the best buds are produced when you learn how to stress the plants in just the right way to increase yields and cannabinoid production.
Supercropping cannabis creates a "knuckle" where the bending happened
Which brings me to super cropping, one of the easiest, most effective ways to stress your marijuana plant for better harvests.
This remarkably simple technique will dramatically increase your yields, and all it takes is your fingers, duct tape, a bit of growing experience and the knowledge of what to do. It's based on the idea we just discussed of stressing the plant so it goes crazy with bud production.
What You Need to Super Crop Marijuana:
 - Your fingers
 - Duct tape
 - A bit of growing experience
 - The knowledge of what to do (jump to super crop tutorial)
How to Super Crop Marijuana
STEP ONE: Choose the branches you would like to super-crop.
Super-cropping is best done during the vegetative stage, once the plant has grown many healthy branches and is growing vigorously, but before it is full into the flowering stage.
 1. For super-cropping, you want to choose parts of the plant that are old, but still pliable (sometimes called 'bendy'). The parts you use this technique on should still be green, and not wood-like the bottom of the main stalk.
 2. If your plant has multiple colas, you should super-crop the same location on multiple colas. When there's only one main cola, you supercrop the pliable greener growth towards the top.
 3. Basically you're trying to create a flat canopy at the top, without any stems sticking up taller than the rest.
STEP TWO: Squeeze and bend branches
The idea is to damage the inner tissue of the plant without causing damage to the outside'skin.' This makes the stem super pliable so it can easily be bent in the direction that you would like for it to grow.
 1. Grab the branch and squeeze with firm pressure between your thumb and forefinger, as if you're trying to crush the stem where you want it to bend. This helps "loosen" the joint you are about to make.
 2. Wiggle the stem between your fingers slowly back and forth for 10+ seconds while maintaining pressure, to loosen it up where you want it to bend.
 3. Continue wiggling until it feels like the inside of the stem has softened. The stem should feel pliable and loose at the joint you just made.
 4. Slowly and gently bend over stem towards the direction you want, and secure in place.
This video demonstrates a grower squeezing the stem, then bending it over
Some growers just grab each branch and snap them quickly, but doing this makes it more likely you'll snap the outside tissue and need tape.
With that being said, cannabis plants are surprisingly resilient. If you don't bend the super-crop site hard enough, it will just bounce back to where it was in a few hours. You still may need to secure the stem down to prevent it from growing back up!
You know you've succeeded when the plant now appears somewhat 'broken' and now rests at a 90 degree angle where you bent it, and the branch stays down.
Turn on images to see this
This illustration shows a perfect example of a super crop, one that doesn't even need tape. Use tape if you go a little overboard.
In the best case scenario, the stem remains at a permanent 90° angle, while the outside tissue stays intact.
Another cannabis supercrop example
But no matter how you super crop, this process can cause your plant to grow a whole bunch of new colas and leaves. A plant doesn't want to put all its effort into a branch that (as far as your plant is concerned) has probably just been attacked by animals!
STEP THREE: Fixing any tears in the outside stem
In the best case scenario, you don't even need tape, because the outside of the plant is still whole.
 1. If you've gone a bit overboard, you may need to use duct tape (or another strong tape) to reinforce the plant so it can heal properly, especially if you can see a open slit or crack on the outside of the stem.
 2. Regardless, the place that you originally bent will grow a big 'knot' almost like a permanent band-aid, which can transport more water, nutrients, and other good stuff compared to before.
STEP FOUR: Removing 'bandage' tape
 1. Wait about one week before removing any tape. It's normal for the tissues to have discoloration at the healing sites.
 2. If the site is still grey and appears totally wounded, just put the tape back on until it has grown her protective 'knuckle'.
Until then, the plant will be able to transport nutrients and maintain all normal processes as long as it has the tape as reinforcement.
If plant tries to straighten any branches, just tie them down (using Low Stress Training techniques). Stems will easily give in to your will after being super cropped.
FINAL RESULT: More buds, more branches, and a shorter, more controlled and bushy plant. Perfect for closet, stealth grows.
Click to see closeupClick to see closeup
Massive LST plant - used at least some form of bending/supercropping to achieve a shape like this
click for closeup
Unlike topping or extensively plucking leaves, super cropping does not dramatically slow down the growth of the plant (though you should expect to giver her a little time to recover), while giving you many of the same benefits of these other High Stress Training techniques.
Try super cropping today!
Turn on images to see this
White Widow responds well to super cropping
Learn from the best!
Over 700 pages of pictures, tutorials and advanced insider tips!
Get Instant Access to It All Right Here:
Turn on images to see this
Nebula Haze has published dozens of article, both print and onlineAbout Nebula Haze
Since then, Nebula has published hundreds of growing articles in print and online, and continues to dedicate herself to serving the medical marijuana growing community.
"My mission is to show other medical marijuana patients how easy it can be to grow weed out of your closet."
Wanna "steal" this article?
Please don't hesitate to Contact with any questions.
Happy growing!
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Date of this Version
Children and Youth Services Review 34 (2012), pp. 1344–1350; doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.03.010
Though few studies exist on service utilization among homeless youth in the U.S., services are important because without them, many of these young people may resort to delinquent strategies in order to meet their daily survival needs. The current study examines frequency and correlates of service utilization (i.e., shelters, food programs, street outreach, counseling, STI and HIV testing) among a sample of 249 homeless youth ages 14 to 21. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in service usage by sex, age, and sexual orientation. Experiencing family physical and/or sexual abuse, being kicked out of the family home, spending more nights per week sleeping on the street, and having ever stayed in a group home facility were significant correlates of homeless youths' service usage.


Preventing injury in sporting dogs
Preventing injury in sporting dogs
Practice makes perfect—and possibly for fewer injuries. By discussing with owners the right conditioning tailored to dogs based on the activity they participate in, you can prolong your patients' healthy participation in canine sports.
Apr 01, 2012
Recently, sporting events for dogs and their owners have increased in number and popularity, with more than 940,000 entries in 2,461 American Kennel Club-sponsored agility trials recorded in 2010 alone.1 The North American Flyball Association registers more than 16,000 dogs a year in their events, and no breed or age restrictions are placed on the canine participants.2
Many pet owners enroll their dogs in sporting activities without prior knowledge of the sport and what injuries can occur, as outlined in the previous article, "Sporting dog injuries." Unfortunately, there is scant research on the risks to dogs engaging in these sports and on what is required to prevent injuries. But much research involving people and horses has been performed and can be extrapolated to dogs to help us educate owners and trainers and prevent injury in sporting dogs. By preventing injury, our goal is also to sustain performance and allow dogs to participate in sports for many years.
In people, maintenance of fitness is often defined as at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a day.3 Fitness in dogs has not been fully defined, and no physiologic studies have adequately determined canine fitness. But the required fitness level of a sporting dog depends on the sport it engages in and should be adapted to the amount of exertion, agility, and endurance required for the sport.4 A dog's training should reflect that effort and try to mimic the conditions as much as possible—this concept is termed specificity.4 The intensity and duration of exercises will vary depending on the sport the dog is training for.
Sled dogs must have high endurance and strength to pull a sled many hours over long distances and rough terrain. They must be exercised for extended periods every day and be required to strengthen muscles as well, so swimming would not be an appropriate exercise since it would not place the stress and strain on the musculoskeletal system that a sled would.
Herding dogs, similar to sled dogs, must have endurance for the long arduous task ahead.
Search and rescue
Search and rescue dogs must have endurance similar to that of sled dogs, while being able to navigate in never-before-experienced conditions. They must also have excellent balance to remain uninjured in conditions in which their safety may be in jeopardy.
Racing and coursing
Racing and coursing dogs can be subject to stress fractures since they often race on hard surfaces without shock absorption and always in the same direction on a circular or oval track.5 People participating in sprinting or military training can also experience stress fractures and muscle or tendon injuries by running on hard surfaces for extended training periods without proper orthotics.6,7
The skills racing greyhounds require are speed and strength. The large muscles needed for high speed have limited insertion to bones and tendons and, as such, can have the strength of force to rupture the relatively small tendons and origins to bones that attach to them, resulting in serious injury. Examples of common injuries in racing greyhounds include gracilis muscle and tensor fascia lata rupture.4,8
Field trials and hunting
Field trial dogs also require speed and strength, but agility is important as well to navigate the unpredictable terrain. They must also be acclimated to the environment or they risk suffering from severe dehydration and heat stroke. Hunting dogs often travel long distances but need only short bouts of strength, so their training should be geared toward sprinting, keeping in mind the difficult terrain they often face.
1. Flyball is a relay sport in which dogs on a team sequentially run down a series of jumps, hit a box to release a ball, catch the ball, and finally run back over the jumps to the starting line.
Flyball dogs require strength for the speedy navigation of the jumps, but they also must practice regularly to prevent injury. These dogs must be taught how to hit the platform and catch the ball in a manner that will not predispose them to chronic overuse injuries.4 Teaching them a "swimmer's turn," in which they hit the platform with their forelimbs to release the ball but push off the platform with their hindlimbs to reverse direction, may prevent forelimb injury that can result from twisting and pushing off the platform with the forelimbs (Figure 1).4
Agility dogs must be able to sprint and make sharp turns (balance) and, of course, be agile to run the course without injury. These skills require not only strength but also excellent balance and proprioception to prevent injury.


text:
Leon Scott Kannedy is the main character in this game, we can play with third person shoter. If you ever play RE2, then there we will find Leon S. Kannedy for the first time. Leon S. Kannedy is the US Govermnet assigned by the American president to rescue the child of the kidnapped president in the Spanish area (I think of it because I am listening from his language) in the village of Puebos.
Well, in this game we will experience a great adventure, starting from the beginning meet with the parasite infected population, met with various kinds of monsters and strange creatures, met a Spanish scientist, met a mysterious red woman who is not is Ada Wong (we can also see in RE2), managed to save Asley Graham (son of the president), then Asley was kidnapped again, then successfully rescued by Leon, then kidnapped again, and then rescued again.
Please note that in Resident Evil 4, we will see the difference from the previous RE series. In RE 4 enemies we will encounter are not people infected with viruses like the previous RE series, but are caused by a parasite called Las Plagas, and people infected with parasites and parasitic eggs have ruptured called Las Ganados. The difference is that people who are exposed to parasites basically still have little consciousness. They do daily activities, talking, running, and others. In contrast to people infected with a virus that can only go to and fro and just menggiggit people.
Well in the ending game we can see the story how people - people can be infected by parasites. So here's the story, originally Puebos village is a quiet village where the inhabitants live harmoniously. Quiet and peaceful village. Then came a cult leader (Los Illumiados) called Saddler. He provoked the hugs to follow him and then he injected the parasites to the entire population. It was then that the village of Puebos began to change. Their consciousness begins to disappear and eventually they are dominated by parasites. Puebos village was so terrible.
In the chaos Leon will come later to find the daughter of the kidnapped US president. It turns out that Asley (daughter of the American president) was kidnapped by Jack Krauser who was ruled by Saddler in order to take over America, because after Saddler controlled America he would easily rule the world.


Ubongo is a Tanzanian social enterprise that creates interactive edutainment for learners in Africa, delivered to them via the technologies they already have. An important factor behind the success of Ubongo is a continuous human-centred design process and 'design with the user' approach – in this case the users are Tanzanian children aged 3–6 years and their parent. Building user testing and rapid experimentation into the production process has allowed Ubongo to craft a product that is much more effective and engaging than if they were to simply create from prior knowledge and expertise. As this example shows, there can often be a big difference between the two.
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Interfacing GSM Module with 8051 microcontroller (AT89C51) without using PC
Developed By:
Himanshu Choudhary
This project presents a way to interface GSM module with microcontroller AT89C51 without making use of computer to send AT commands to the module. This is an improvement over the previous projects (see MC074 & MC075). Instead of using HyperTerminal or any other PC interface, the controller itself sends a fixed AT command to the GSM/GPRS module. The information response and result codes are received and displayed on a 16x2 LCD.
Interface GSM with 8051 Microcontroller (AT89C51)
Instead of sending commands from the HyperTerminal, AT commands are sent to the GSM/GPRS module by the microcontroller itself. In this case, the receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) pin of the GSM module's RS232 port are connected to the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) pin of AT89C51's serial port, respectively. This eliminated the role of computer and just the controller's circuit provides a complete user interface for the module.
The controller is programmed to send a fixed command 'AT' to the module. The command AT is used to check the communication with module. It returns a result code OK if the module and the controller are connected properly. If either of the module or SIM are not working, it returns a result code ERROR.
The program complexities for display of information responses and result codes on LCD mentioned in MC075 remain same here as well.
Circuit Diagram
MAX232 | IC MAX232
The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS232 logic levels during serial communication of microcontrollers with PC. The controller operates at TTL logic level (0-5V) whereas the serial communication in PC works...
AT89C51 Microcontroller, Atmel 89C51 Controller Image
AT89C51 Microcontroller
16 x 2 LCD | 16x2 Character LCD Module
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Difference between T301 and T311
Hi LTE experts,
Can anyone briefly explain the solid difference between T301 and T311?
T311 starts while initiating RRC Reest, stops at cell found.
T301 starts at RRC Reest Request, and stops at Success or failure.
The difference is when each one is stopped.
T301 Stops at the Receipt of RRC Connection Re-establishment OR RRC Connection Re-Establishment REJECT message OR when selected cell becomes unsuitable to continue further.
T311 stops upon selection of suitable E-UTRA cell OR a cell using another RAT
In other words, T311 is for finding a cell after RLF to send Reest message, R301 is to get out of RLF by sending Reest message.
Yes, T311 is about selecting a cell in due time.


the currently possible return types automatically inherits from the current return type of the parser rule. You can specify additional common supertypes by means of "artificial" parser rules, that are never called, e.g.
 SubTypeA | SubTypeB | SubTypeC;
Enum Literal Generation
For each alternative defined in an enum rule, the transformer creates an enum literal, when another with the same name cannot be found. The 'literal' property of the generated enum literal is set to the right hand side of the declaration. If it is ommitted, you'll get an enum literal with equal 'name' and 'literal' attributes.
enum MyGeneratedEnum:
Feature Normalization
As a last step, the generator examines all generated EClasses and lifts up similar features to supertypes if there is more than one subtype and the feature is defined in every subtypes. This does even work for multiple supertypes.
Error Conditions
The following conditions cause an error
 - An EAttribute or EReference has two different types or different cardinality.
 - There are an EAttribute and an EReference with the same name in the same EClass.
 - There is a cycle in the type hierarchy.
 - An new EAttribute, EReference or supertype is added to an imported type.
 - An EClass is added to an imported EPackage.
 - An undeclared alias is used.
 - An imported metamodel cannot be loaded.
Importing existing Meta Models
With the import directive in Xtext you can refer to existing Ecore metamodels and reuse the types that are declared in an EPackage. Xtext uses this technique by itself to leverage Ecore datatypes.
import "_URL_ as ecore;
Specify an explicit return type to reuse such imported types. Note that this even works for lexer rules.
Language Inheritance
Xtext supports language inheritance. Grammars that are created via the Xtext wizard extend *org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals* by default.
 grammar org.xtext.example.MyDsl with org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals
 generate myDsl "_URL_
Inheriting from another grammar makes the rules defined in that grammar referable. It is also possible to overwrite rules from the super grammar. Example :
 grammar my.SuperGrammar
 RuleA : "a" stuff=RuleB;
 RuleB : "{" name=ID "}";
 grammar my.SubGrammar with my.SuperGrammar
 Model : (ruleAs+=RuleA)*;
 // overwrites my.SuperGrammar.RuleB
 RuleB : '[' name=ID ']';
Default tokens
Xtext is shipped with a default set of predefined, reasonable and often required terminal rules. This grammar is defined as follows:
 grammar org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals hidden(WS, ML_COMMENT, SL_COMMENT)
 terminal STRING :
 '"' ( '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'"'|"'"|'\\') | !('\\'|'"') )* '"' |
 "'" ( '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'"'|"'"|'\\') | !('\\'|"'") )* "'"
 terminal ANY_OTHER: . ;
Architectural Overview
TMF Xtext itself and every language infrastructure developed with TMF Xtext is configured and wired-up using dependency injection (DI). We use Google Guice as the underlying framework, and haven't built much on top of it as it pretty much does what we need. So instead of describing how google guice works, we refer to the website, where additional information can be found [2].
Using DI allows everyone to set up and change all components. This does not mean that everything which gets configured using DI (we use it a lot) is automatically public API. But we don't forbid use of non-public API, as we think you should decide, if you want to rely on stable API only or use things which might be changed (further enhanced ;-)) in future. See Xtext/Documentation/API.
Runtime setup (ISetup)
For each language there is an implementation of ISetup generated. It implements a method called 'doSetup()', which can be called do the global setup.
This class is intended to be used for runtime and unit testing, only. The setup method returns an Injector, which can further be used to obtain a parser, etc. The setup method also registers the ResourceFactory and generated EPackage with the respective global registries provided by EMF.
So basically you can just run the setup and start using EMF API to load and store models of your language.
Setup within Eclipse / Equinox
Within Eclipse we have a generated Activator, which creates a Guice injector using the modules. In addition an IExecutableExtensionFactory is generated for each language, which is used to create ExecutableExtensions. This means that everything which is created via extension points is managed by guice as well, i.e. you can declare dependencies and get them injected up on creation.
The only thing you have to do in order to use this factory is to prefix the class with the factory (guice.Aware) name followed by a colon.
 name="EcoreDsl Editor">
The Guice Injector configuration is done through the use of Modules (also a Guice concept). The generator provides two modules when first called, one for runtime ([MyLanguage]RuntimeModule) and one for UI ([MyLanguage]UIModule). These modules are initially empty and intended to be manually edited when needed. These are also the modules used directly by the setup methods. By default these modules extend a fully generated module.
Generated Modules
The fully generated modules (never touch them!) are called Abstract[MyLanguage]RuntimeModule and Abstract[MyLanguage]UiModule resp. They contain all components which have been generated specifically for the language at hand. Examples are: the generated parsers, serializer or for UI a proposal provider for content assist is generated. What goes into the modules depends on how your generator is configured.
Default Modules
Finally the fully generated modules extend the DefaultRuntimeModule (resp. DefaultUiModule), which contains all the default configuration. The default configuration consists of all components for which we have generic default implementations (interpreting as opposed to generated). Examples are all the components used in linking, the outline view, hyperlinking and navigation.
Changing Configuration
We use the primary modules ([MyLanguage]RuntimeModule and [MyLanguage]UiModule) in order to change the configuration. The class is initially empty and has been generated only to allow for arbitrary customization.
In order to provide a simple and convenient way, in TMF Xtext every module extends AbstractXtextModule. This class allows to write bindings like so:
public Class bind[anyname]() {
 return MyInterfaceImpl.class;
Such a method will be interpreted as a binding from MyInterface to MyInterfaceImpl. Note that you simply have to override a method from a super class (e.g. from the generated or default module) in order to change the respective binding. Although this is a convenient and simple way, you have of course also the full power of Guice, i.e. you can override the Guice method void bind(Binding) and do what every you want.
Runtime Architecture
Value Converters
The linking feature allows for specification of cross references within an Xtext grammar. The following things are needed for the linking:
 1. declaration of a cross link in the grammar (at least in the meta model)
 2. specification of linking semantics
Declaration of cross links
In the grammar a cross reference is specified using square brackets.
CrossReference :
 '[' ReferencedEClass ('|' terminal=AbstractTerminal)? ']'
ReferringType :
 'ref' referencedObject=[Entity|(ID|STRING)];
The meta model derivation would create an EClass 'ReferringType' with an EReference'referencedObject' of type 'Entity' (containment=false). The referenced object would be identified either by an ID or a STRING and the surrounding information (see scoping).
Example: While parsing a given input string, say
ref Entity01
Xtext produces an instance of 'ReferringType'. After this parsing step it enters the linking phase and tries to find an instance of Entity using the parsed text 'Entity01'. The input
ref "EntityWithÄÖÜ"
would work analogously. This is not an ID (umlauts are not allowed), but a STRING (as it is apparent from the quotation marks).
Specification of linking semantics
The default ILinker implementation is provided with an instance of ILinkingService. Although the default linking behavior is appropriate in many cases there might be scenarios where this is not sufficient. For each grammar a linking service can be implemented/configured, which implements the following interface:
public interface ILinkingService extends ILanguageService {
 * Returns all EObjects referenced by the given link text in the given context.
 List getLinkedObjects(EObject context, EReference reference, LeafNode text);
 * Returns the textual representation of a given object as it would be serialized in the given context.
 * _USER_ object
 * _USER_ reference
 * _USER_ context
 * _USER_ the text representation.
 String getLinkText(EObject object, EReference reference, EObject context);
The method getLinkedObjects is directly related to this topic whereas getLinkText adresses complementary functionality: it is used for Serialization.
A simple implementation of the linking service (DefaultLinkingService.java) is shipped with Xtext and is used for any grammar per default


× Medicines Discovery Catapult
LifeArc is an independent medical research charity, turning promising science into benefits for patients.
In May 2019, MDC and LifeArc formed a long-term, strategic partnership to accelerate the translation of promising research through the identification and development of novel biomarkers, enabling bioanalytics to help guide drug discover R&D.
LifeArc has a growing portfolio of innovative therapeutic candidates across priority disease areas where there is high patient need. Medicines Discovery Catapult has established platforms and expertise in the discovery and validation of new biomarker approaches.
The partnership focusses on the identification and development of novel biomarkers that detect the efficacy and safety of novel drug molecules which can be used in human trials.
National charity requires access to key industrial capability
Biomarkers play a fundamental role in improving our understanding of drugs, disease and drug-target interactions in patients. They are key to translating drugs from a pre-clinical to a clinical setting, where they help define dosage, patient selection and treatment decisions.
While extensively used as tools to guide drug R&D in oncology, the potential to improve understanding of the clinical efficacy, safety and patient segmentation across other areas remain to be fully tapped.
Use of a portfolio of biomarker validation platforms
The partnership will use the expertise of both organisations to progress candidate molecules towards clinical evaluation with an optimised biomarker strategy. LifeArc will fund a select number of full-time employees, who will be embedded within Medicines Discovery Catapult to provide strategic biomarker discovery and development.
The new posts funded initially for three years, will combine LifeArc's project expertise with Medicines Discovery Catapult's translational drug development know-how and suite of state-of-the-art biomarker technologies. This includes PET imaging, near infra-red imaging, Nanostring, molecular pathology, imaging informatics, MALDI, and digital spatial profiling.
LifeArc will fund a two-year industrial post-doctoral research position based in Medicines Discovery Catapult's national laboratory at Alderley Park in Cheshire.
Co-development of strategic biomarker programme
The new positions will establish innovative mass spectrometry proteomics workflows relevant to drug discovery and improve the techniques and know-how available to both Medicines Discovery Catapult and LifeArc.
Ultimately, this collaboration will establish new proteomics approaches that can be applied to benefit the wider drug discovery community.
This landmark collaboration brings together the expertise of two world-class, UK-based leaders in collaborative approaches to drug discovery, for the first time.
LifeArc is renowned for its use of science, advice and funding to advance innovation into patient benefits, and this partnership is a further endorsement of Medicine Discovery Catapult's position as a leader in the creation of biomarker strategies. The application of technology innovation in drug discovery will help to advance potential therapeutics closer to patients.
"This is an exciting opportunity to join forces with Medicines Discovery Catapult to support and accelerate the translation of promising research into new health interventions. Additionally, the post-doctoral fellowship position will facilitate the development of innovative approaches that will benefit both organisations and contribute to training the drug discoverers of tomorrow."
Catherine Kettleborough, Associate Director, LifeArc's Centre for Therapeutics Discovery


text:
Medical Officers at Kandahar, 1881
This photograph of 24 medical officers of the Southern Afghanistan Field Force in Kandahar is from an album of rare historical photographs depicting people and places associated with the Second Anglo-Afghan War. It is estimated that at least 30 surgeon officers accompanied the field force in 1880 in the fighting that culminated at the Battle of Kandahar. The men pictured here were withdrawn from Kandahar by April 1881. The Second Anglo-Afghan War began in November 1878 when Great Britain, fearful of what it saw as growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, invaded the country from British India. The first phase of the war ended in May 1879 with the Treaty of Gandamak, which permitted the Afghans to maintain internal sovereignty but forced them to cede control over their foreign policy to the British. Fighting resumed in September 1879, after an anti-British uprising in Kabul, and finally concluded in September 1880 with the decisive Battle of Kandahar. The album includes portraits of British and Afghan leaders and military personnel, portraits of ordinary Afghan people, and depictions of British military camps and activities, structures, landscapes, and cities and towns. The sites shown are all located within the borders of present-day Afghanistan or Pakistan (a part of British India at the time). About a third of the photographs were taken by John Burke (circa 1843–1900), another third by Sir Benjamin Simpson (1831–1923), and the remainder by several other photographers. Some of the photographs are unattributed. The album possibly was compiled by a member of the British Indian government, but this has not been confirmed. How it came to the Library of Congress is not known.
Title in Original Language
Medical Officers at Kandahar 1881
Type of Item
1 photographic print in an album : albumen
- "The Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878–1880 and the March from Kabul to Kandahar," _URL_
Last updated: September 30, 2016


Formatting Pagelet Output
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Pagelet Formatted
I recently had to create a few pagelets based on query output. One of the issues I have encountered was formatting of the output. For example, displaying currency fields and dates in the format that shows decimal points, comma separating significant digits and adding currency signs.
I read a few references including Chapter 4 in Jim Marion's books, but still had a problem with using formats in XSLT. Recently I found the following reference in Portal PeopleBook – Formatting Date, Time, DateTime, Currency, and Number Elements.
Note. FORMAT, WIDTH, and PRECISION have the same format as the NumberToDisplayString() PeopleCode Function. CURRENCY_CODE can be one of the supported PeopleSoft currency codes, or if left blank, defaults to the user's currency code. CURRENCY_DECORATION can have the value of SYMBOL (currency symbol appears before the number), CODE (currency code appears after the number), or BOTH (the default).
In order to actually format your number correctly I suggest you review the reference PeopleBook Reference for NumberToDisplayString() function.
In my case I wanted to display a column from query output formatted as $999,999,999.00. This resulted in the following section in XSLT template of the pagelet for the column:

 CURRENCY
 $v11.2
 USD
 $

Let me know if you have any questions or suggestions for this or my next posts.
 1. Hanh Minson |
 2. Hanh |
 3. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
 4. Hanh |
 5. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
 6. Hanh |
 7. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
I really want to know what you think


text:
There was a brief warm spell around 9 September, on which date the highest September temperature for six years was recorded, but much of the rest of the month was cool. In fact it was the coolest September since 1993, and heavy rain during the third week caused floods. This was the result of a deep and slow-moving low pressure system delivering copious rain between 23 and 25 September. Prior to that it was dry in East Anglia and south-east England.
The mean maximum temperature in September ranged from 20.2C at St James's Park, London, to 12C at Lerwick, Shetland. The Central England Temperature (CET) was 13.1C, which is 1 degree below average. Daytime temperatures were between 0.2 degrees above average in East Anglia and 1.3 degrees below in western Scotland. The highest recorded temperature was 29.3C at both Writtle in Essex and Cambridge on the afternoon of 9 September. The coldest night was that of 22/23 September, when Braemar, Aberdeenshire, recorded a minimum temperature of -4.1C.
Across England and Wales there was 78mm of rain, which is 102% of the average. Scotland had 81mm, exactly on the average, while Northern Ireland had 98mm, or 123% of average. Much of that rain came from the slow-moving storm during the last week of September. Up to 22 September it was relatively dry, but the following three days had widespread heavy rainfall which led to significant floods. During that period 131mm of rain fell on Ravensworth, North Yorkshire. The wettest location through the month was Cluanie Inn, Wester Ross, which measured 325mm of rain, while Otterbourne in Hampshire was the driest with 24mm.
England and Wales had an average 171 hours of sunshine, which is 116% of the mean. Only 11 Septembers have been sunnier in the last 100 years. Scotland had 127 hours, or 111% of its average, and Northern Ireland recorded 139 hours, which is 113% of the average. Manston in Kent was the sunniest location with 196 hours of sunshine, while Kinlochewe, Wester Ross, had the lowest sunshine total with only 62 hours.


text:
It was a border town between the Saxon and the Vikings (c.900AD), and again during the Civil War between the Royalists and Parliamentarians (c.1643AD). The Normans (c.1185) built a motte and bailey castle, nowadays called "Bury Mount", which has undergone re-shaping. Towcester was a busy coaching town, until the railways came. Then it was a busy traffic thronged town on the A5 until the M1 motorway was built.
On this site you can
- Find out about the History of Towcester
- See Photographs and Line Drawings
- Research your Family History from the lists we provide
- Find out about Towcester People and Places, and of course
- Find information about the Towcester and District Local History Society, including our varied programme of meetings, social events, research projects, summer outings and the books and booklets we have published.
Click The Society / Guide to this web site to see what we have written about Towcester.
Click History / Towcester history external links to see what other people have written.


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I'm really noob in maths topics so I hope you will excuse me if I use terms which aren't correct.
I would like to simulate $n$ dimensional diffusion processes with $n$ noises.
Each process has its variance and is correlated to others by correlation / covariance matrix.
My question is about the diffusion matrix: how is it linked to the correlation / covariance matrix?
Let I have martingales
$\begin{pmatrix} dX_{t}^{1}\\ dX_{t}^{2} \end{pmatrix} = 0+\begin{pmatrix} \cdots & \cdots \\ \cdots & \cdots \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} dW_{t}^{1}\\ dW_{t}^{2} \end{pmatrix}$.
What should I use instead of the empty diffusion matrix if my correlation / covariance matrix is like
$V=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -.1\\ -.1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$?
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text:
Superconducting devices such as SQUIDS (Superconducting Quantum Interferometry Device) can perform ultra-sensitive measurements of magnetic fields. Leiden physicsts invented a method to 3D-print these and other superconducting devices in minutes.
'Fabricating superconducting devices on a computer chip is a multi-step and demanding procedure, requiring dedicated facilities', says Kaveh Lahabi, a physicist at Leiden Universty. 'It usually takes days to complete',
Lahabi and co-authors have developed a new approach, in which Josephson junctions, essential parts of SQUIDS, can be printed on almost any surface in mere minutes, within an electron microscope.
In this video, Lahabi and co-author Tycho Blom demonstrate their technique and discuss their recent article in ACS Nano.
ACS Nano Article ASAP
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