tech-net archive
Re: Specifying names for tap interfaces
On 5/07/2012 5:54 PM, Mouse wrote:
>> To reinforce the point about "", you're changing the
>> device's name. How many device names in NetBSD do not end with a
>> number?
> One thousand and fifteen, according to "ls /dev | egrep -v '[0-9]$' | wc'
> on a handy NetBSD box. One thousand nine hundred and twenty-three,
> according to the same command on a different handy NetBSD box.
The entries in /dev are not devices. They are named files that
allow a process to interact with the kernel in a specific fashion.
For example, /dev/ipnat is not a device that is attached to the
system, it is just a name that allows for specific IO requests
to be directed to different code than handles /dev/ipf ones.
The same is true again for disk devices, /dev/wd0a does not
refer to a physical device: you will not find a wd0a attached
to pci0 or ide0 or anything else like that. Most network devices
aren't even present in that directory.
Proper devices, such as network cards and disk drives are all
named "".
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We also have classes for:
BiblicalTraining.org provides a comprehensive biblical education from world-class professors
to encourage spiritual growth in the church, for free.
BARSABAS bär sə' bəs (KJV), BARSABBAS bär săb' əs (RSV) (Βαρσαββα̂ς, G984, son of Saba, or son of the sabbath, etc.). A patronymic of two early Jewish Christians, possibly brothers. 1. Joseph, surnamed Justus, one of the two men nominated to succeed Judas in the apostolic band (Acts 1:23). The qualifications required show that he had a close acquaintance with Jesus.
2. Judas, sent to Antioch with Silas with the decision of the Jerusalem conference (15:22). He was an esteemed member at Jerusalem and a prophet (15:32).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)
bar'-sa-bas, bar-sab'-as.
See Joseph Barsabbas; Judas Barsabbas.
Biblical Training


text:
Introduction to Log Sequence Numbers
Every record in the SQL Server transaction log is uniquely identified by a log sequence number (LSN). LSNs are ordered such that if LSN2 is greater than LSN1, the change described by the log record referred to by LSN2 occurred after the change described by the log record LSN.
The LSN of a log record at which a significant event occurred can be useful for constructing correct restore sequences. Because LSNs are ordered, they can be compared for equality and inequality (that is, <, >, =, <=, >=). Such comparisons are useful when constructing restore sequences.
LSNs are values of data type numeric(25,0). Arithmetic operations (for example, addition or subtraction) are not meaningful and must not be used with LSNs.
LSNs are used internally during a RESTORE sequence to track the point in time to which data has been restored. When a backup is restored, the data is restored to the LSN corresponding to the point in time at which the backup was taken. Differential and log backups advance the restored database to a later time, which corresponds to a higher LSN.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


- The Black Oystercatcher
Encountering Black Oystercatchers
Posted by Kerry-Lynn on Wed January 30, 2019.
On day 2 of the Oystercatcher trail we hiked a 12km coastline between Danabaai and Boggomsbaai. It is a less demanding hike then the previous days mountainous terrain. We often come across bluebottles (Portuguese man of war), jellyfish, plough snails and different seabirds and discuss the role these species play in the environment that they inhabit. On this particular day we came across a pair of African black oystercatchers. What was so unique about this encounter was that the pair had obviously nested nearby and were protecting it by flying close towards us and vocalizing in a sharp alarming tone to deter us from their eggs or chicks. We were respectful of the birds behavior and did not linger as to aggravate them more. However, they followed us for about 100m before they realized we were not a threat and retreated back to their home territory. It was an amazing experience to see these birds display this behavior over such a long distance but it brings up the question why did these birds feel the need to protect their nest from us for such a great distance? Had they been disturbed already that day by other people passing or preying birds? Or are they new parents who had a powerful urge to defend what they had so proudly accomplished?
Fun facts about the oystercatcher
Oystercatchers are monogamous meaning they mate for life.
They make their nests, a simple scraping in the sand, above the high-water mark.
They actually don't eat oysters! They mostly eat mussels, limpets and mussel worms.
For a long time, these birds were threatened but due to conservation efforts they are now listed as near threatened.
The total population is estimated at 5000-6000 individuals with roughly half in South Africa and half in Namibia.


Do You Really Understand the Financial Position of Your Construction Contracting Business?
If you're like many people who own construction contracting and service businesses, you likely have little to no financial training. That's OK, you probably have a slew of other skills which allowed you to move into the realm of business owner.
It is also likely that you put a lot of time and thought into knowing where your crews are, what they're doing, and which tools and supplies they'll need for the day. Yet, you may be less likely to know where your dollars are, what job each dollar has, and how well they're pulling for the team.
Run a better construction contracting business
While business management is a multi-faceted matter, one of the best ways you gain acumen in the business world is to know and understand how to make best use of the money you control. You know you're "getting it" when you can:
 - Grasp the benefits of Job Costing
 - Discern the difference between Revenue and Gross Profit
 - Recognize the importance of Document Management
 - Increase your savvy in the Budgeting department
 - Focus on the Important Data
Getting to the money matters part of accounting means you can know (not just guess) when to put your marketing dollars to use or which types of jobs will never be your friend. It means you can make sense of what was once a whirlwind of numbers and terminology.
Why build your money management skills?
Develop your money management expertise so you can help your construction contracting or service business prosper. When you see where your company's money is actually going, you're better able to build a path toward success.
How Schulte and Schulte fits in
Our goal is to assist you in creating an easy to follow and understand bookkeeping process. Further, we explain what is happening along the way, giving you the benefit of discerning your financial standing and taking advantage of that knowledge.
Let's build this together. Call _PHONE_ or get in touch here.


Camp Styles
Camp Styles
Camp Styles
Forest Camping
Protect Our Forests - Go Camping!
Forest CampingDeep, lush forests are a thing of magic. These swaths of trees are filled with life, from squirrels and birds to deer and eagles. Surrounded by cathedrals of trees, you can feel the pulse of nature and the quiet hush of the forest. On your next camping vacation, head to the woods for a serious dose of beauty, fresh air, wildlife, and fun.
Forests can seem silent, but if you take a moment to listen closely, you'll hear far more activity than you might expect. Bees hum in the flowering bushes, birds flit from branch to branch, and chipmunks run races around tree trunks. All those trees can block out the light, so be sure you take time each day to get some sun and a clear look at the blue sky above. You can head to the lake, to a nearby river or meadow, or hit the trail and start climbing until you get above the tree line.
One of the benefits of forest camping is that you have plenty of trees around to act as posts for clotheslines and supports for tent rain flies, and branches to hang jackets and hats on. In hot areas, you'll have plenty of shade and you'll probably enjoy cooler temperatures than outside the forest.
The forest floor is covered with aromatic pine needs and pine cones. While collecting and admiring these forest treasures is a fun activity, resist the urge to haul too many cones away with you. These seed-packets are filled with pine nuts, food that will sustain squirrels and birds throughout the season. Also, if you want to see wildlife in the forest, try to keep your noise level to a minimum. Wild animals are frightened away by loud noises, so your odds of seeing deer, rabbits, and forest birds goes way up if you're quiet.
As you sit around your campfire, admiring the crowns of trees overhead, you'll feel the special magic of the woods. Forests are all about life, and when you spend some time in one, you'll feel renewed for your own life. So get out there and head to the woods!
You are here: Home Articles and Info Camp Styles


text:
Summer Bridge 2023
I appreciate your interest in Bright Future for Kids, Inc. (BFFK) Summer Bridge!
The purpose of Summer Bridge is to maintain and enhance skills throughout the summer in a safe and supportive environment. Students will build confidence, self-esteem, and leadership skills and learn study techniques while stimulating literacy, math, science investigations, and enrichment activities.
$500: (16 hrs./week of engagement, IXL subscription, STEM experience, preferred enrichment, check-in system with incentives for literary and/or math goals, all materials and snacks)
$50 off if registered by April 1st with a deposit of $150, $150 due by May 1st, and the balance one week before the summer session.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
At some point, all pitchers hit their hip while pitching. It happens when they fail to create enough room alongside their bodies for their arm, hand and ball. So how do pitchers create space?
It depends on the athlete. Great pitchers learn to adjust their body mechanics to create spacing. Yet it's important to note that each player does this in different ways because mechanics vary from player to player. Learn more about creating space from UCLA's Kirk Walker and why he cautions against changing a pitcher's natural "pitching DNA" too much.


Subject: Re: ksh bugs and behaviour questions
To: None <>
From: Matthias Buelow <>
List: tech-userlevel
Date: 01/26/2003 01:28:58
Roland Dowdeswell wrote:
> /bin/sh is invoked during a typical build? How about when running
> autoconf? Etc, etc.
And in what way would speeding up forking in sh by as much as 10% make
the compiler run faster? Autoconf's sloth comes from compiling lots of
little programs and gcc is certainly not a fast compiler. On my VAX for
example, the difference between running an external command on sh or ksh
(or bash for that matter) is not noticable. However, starting gcc to
compile one of the little autoconf test programs typically takes about
10-20 seconds. Other programs that are typically called from sh scripts
like sed, awk etc. are also in that ballpark at least, if they do some
nontrivial processing. It simply doesn't matter if the spawning of an
external command itself is a slight fraction faster. It certainly
doesn't justify modifying working programs.
[Besides, it's ksh the performance of which was found to be lagging
behind sh, and ksh is not normally used for such scripts anyways. But
if you're using ksh instead of sh, then you could easily just write ksh
scripts, which can use many more builtins and language features and make
calls to some external commands often unnecessary and hence the entire
scripts significantly faster.]
Matthias Buelow


text:
Healthy diet means better mental health (Australia)
Australian researchers have shown that a nutritious diet has a significant, positive effect on mental health and can even aid in the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety.
Researchers from the University of Melbourne have been studying the impact of teenage diets on depressive symptoms since 2005. Over 2000 study participants, age 11 to 18 years, were sampled from 2005 to 2006, and again in 2007 to 2008. Diet quality and mental health baselines were established at the beginning of the study and followed up throughout the project.
After adjustments for sociodemographic variables and exercise, it was found that a good quality diet predicted better mental health than any other factor. Furthermore, dietary changes matched mental health states during the investigation. In other words, improved diet was reflected in improved mental health and a poor quality diet filled with snacks and highly processed foods was associated with a deterioration in mental health.
These results corroborate the 2010 findings of the same research team wherein diet and mental health outcomes of Australian women across a wide range of ages were studied. In that investigation, researchers found that women who ate a diet of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, high quality meat and fish reduced their risk of depression, dysthymia and anxiety by more than 30 per cent. On the other hand, women eating a diet with high quantities of refined and processed foods as well as saturated fats, had a 50 per cent increased likelihood of developing depression.
To read the online study, "A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mental Health in Adolescents", go to _URL_.


text:
Questions: Is it possible to see farts?
Short answer: Yes.
Long answer: A few years ago, a viral video purported to show farts captured on infrared security cameras in China. This turned out to be a hoax. But do farts leave a visible trace?
Farts are made up of many gasses, most of which are simply the constituents of air that has been swallowed and expelled. Since the air contains water vapor, this will be expelled along with the rest, and it is of course possible to see water vapor on cold days. The cloud that appears when people exhale is a result of water molecules leaving the warm environment of the body and condensing upon entry into the cold air.
If water vapor is present in farts, then they should similarly be visible on cold days. Whether this is empirically observed is difficult to say, as we were unable to find any relevant scientific literature, and the internet is uncharacteristically silent on the topic. The few videos that purport to capture farts on cold days all struck as suspect.
Before we set out to answer the question definitively, we turned to our database of farts to find out whether farts actually contain water vapor. The figure below depicts the concentration of fart smell (VOCs) at different depths relative to an example fart.
Longtime readers of this blog will recall that our experimental protocol required subjects to remain seated upon the collection device for a period of time after the release of each fart, in order to ensure proper measurement of the relevant variables. Thus in the example we see that the smell near the top of the tube (1.0", blue line) declines steadily over time. At the same time, the VOC concentration increases near the bottom of the collection tube (7.0", yellow line). This is due to the velocity of the fart and the fact that hydrogen sulfide is denser than air.
In contrast, the humidity within the tube increases over time:
In particular, the humidity accumulates steadily near the top of the tube, while there is relatively little change close to the bottom. This is consistent with the fact that water vapor rises, as it is less dense than air.
These large increases in humidity indicate that farts contain a substantial amount of water vapor, which should in principle be visible when the air is cold enough. To be more precise about this, we need to determine the temperature at which condensation occurs – this is when the air can no longer hold the water vapor present in farts, or equivalently when the relative humidity reaches 100%. The temperature required for a given concentration of water to reach 100% relative humidity is called the dew point.
A handy way to calculate the dew point is with the simple approximation:
Here T is the ambient temperature, and RH is relative humidity. If we take the values of T and RH during the 10-second period following an average fart, we obtain the following estimates of the dew point at different distances from the subject:
These results suggest that a fart should be visible at a distance of a few inches from the source, when the temperature is about 8 deg. Celsius (about 46 deg. Fahrenheit), which is in fact similar to the conditions under which exhaled breath becomes visible. Nevertheless, our attempts to detect farts by eye have thus far been unsuccessful, even when the air temperature is cold. In this regard, visible farts are like the Higgs boson, predicted by theory but experimentally elusive. To be continued.


text:
Interested in Fresno?
We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Fresno each week.
Fresno's history is built on the history of Fresno County which was named for Fresno Creek which was named for the vast number of ash trees in the area ("fresno" is Spanish for "ash tree"). Whew! But it was another creek—okay, a river—that really shaped the city's history. On Christmas Eve in 1867, the San Joaquin River flooded the city of Millerton, located in the northeast corner of Fresno County. When the flood waters receded, the citizens moved back... but they didn't forget.
In 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad added a station for its Southern Pacific line to service a large farm in Fresno County; it was called the Fresno Station and was later shortened to just Fresno. Eventually, a store was added to the farm and the station and the first seeds for a town were planted. Many Millerton residents, still remembering the flood, literally packed up and moved together to Fresno. In no time, Fresno displayed the accoutrements of a typical western town, like saloons; it also displayed the effects of a typical wild western town, with a busy sheriff, frequent fires and even its own damaging flood in 1884. Before the century was over, Fresno was incorporated as a city.


text:
The Importance of Video in Delivering Research Insight
As modern qualitative researchers, we need to push ourselves to be better story tellers and to utilize the power of audio, video, and pictures to convey our experiences in the field to our clients.
Ted Frank from Backstories Studio presented at the QRCA conference in Montreal on how to better share research insights through the use of videos and pictures. He showed an example from an ethnographic project (click here to see the video), but his techniques would also work for focus groups and in-depth interviews. As modern qualitative researchers, we need to push ourselves to be better story tellers and to utilize the power of audio, video, and pictures to convey our experiences in the field to our clients.
Here are some ideas that Ted and others in Montreal shared:
- Make an emotional connection with your audience by turning consumers into heroes and characters with whom they can relate.
- Use music to prime the audience for insights or match the mood. Music can be used for opening, building tension prior to the big idea, and propelling the story forward. Go to sites like greenbuttonmusic.com to purchase rights-free music.
- B-roll (video to illustrate what someone is talking about) conveys a stronger impression than simply a long video of one person talking. It also allows you to edit out "ums" and "ahs" between the relevant comments.
- Use close-ups of the participants with good lighting and audio to ensure the power of their words and expressions are conveyed in a meaningful way.
- When going to an ethnography or similar project, create a shot list of the types of elements to film for B-roll. This will ensure you end the fieldwork with enough diverse footage. It is also helpful to create a list of the types of subjects you want to photograph for use in your presentations.
- Tim Billies from CreativePoint Productions shared advice on editing your own videos and mentioned that professional level editing software can make a major difference. He recommends the Sony Vegas and Sony Movie Studio editing software if you work in the Windows environment. Using programs such as these can save you time in the long run and help take your editing to the next level.
Most clients have numerous demands on their time and less ability to read lengthy reports. Video, when done well, can serve to quickly convey insights from the field in a compelling and motivating way. If a picture is worth 1000 words, what must video be worth?


My Latent Self Anne Ricketts
My Latent Self
Recovering My Soul After Brain Injury
Recovering My Soul After Brain Injury
My Book
My Latent Self, Recovering My Soul After Brain Injury – by Anne E Ricketts
On 23rd July 2000 Anne Ricketts flew upward into the air from a falling horse, and came down, as straight as an arrow, directly onto the top of her head. It was a miracle that she didn't break her neck, and a miracle that she managed to drive home safely. Annie was diagnosed with a serious traumatic brain injury and discharged from the hospital without receiving any information. Despite her GP receiving a letter from the hospital, indicating that she should receive a follow-up assessment, no appointment was ever made.
Annie became one of the many who 'fall through the net,' and become lost to the health services. It took her a further four years of constantly mentioning her difficulties before she was finally able to verbalise her problems well enough for her GP to take her seriously. After a year of tests Annie was referred to a Neuropsychologist, and for occupational and speech and language therapy, and finally diagnosed as having 'Dysexecutive Sundrome.' Left with severe cognitive and memory disabilities, over the next six years she was slowly able to learn how to manage her life better and to put her shattered 'self' back together again. In effect she became the object of her own research project.
As she emerged from the fugue of brain injury Annie realised that she had gleaned many valuable insights through her experiences, not only about how the brain works, but also about life and how it works. She is well aware of how brain injury can leave you feeling as though you have lost your soul. This book is a must, not only for those affected by or working in the field of brain injury, but also for anyone who has ever felt splintered from their 'Self.'
This book is more than the story of one woman's fight for life, and her fight for a sense of 'self' that alone will inspire every reader who is interested in human nature and the trials and tribulations of life. Brain injury is a very personal and merciless onslaught; the author often asks herself if there could possibly be a more trying experience than having absolutely no idea who you are… It takes real courage to face the world every day without having any sense of identity, and knowing that you are trapped behind a range of severe disabilities that you can do nothing about and have no control over until basic skills are relearned and a glimmer of space for thinking reappears.
My Latent Self describes and uncovers many of the common issues that surround the world of brain injury, such as why people fall through the net and the lack of awareness that permeates the lives of people living with brain injury. It fully shares what is happening on the 'inside' and why the world needs to change. Brain injury is not always obvious; some people are able to walk and speak and because of this they are erroneously judged as being healthy and 'normal.' Little could be farther from the truth…
This is the first of her books; the second, 'Latent Beliefs,' is also near completion.
The 'ebook' is now available here for the United Kingdom
and here for everywhere else…
The paperback is now available here My Latent Self, the paperback or on here
 LOOK INSIDE My Latent Self
Print This Page Print This Page


Oxidative Stress Triggered by COVID-19
Researchers are learning that oxidative stress is triggered by the SARS-CoV2 and other RNA viruses. They have been measuring the oxidative stress markers in the blood of people affected by COVID-19. They have discovered hyperinflammation in the blood along with lipid peroxidation that can cascade to cause respiratory distress that is potentially lethal. Researchers are


text:
This is for meditating on the trumps only.
1. Don't use intense concentration
2. Let your mind wander up and down and through the card
3. First have your eyes open, then have your eyes closed.
4. Build the image of the card in your mind without stepping into it.
5. Then step into the card, feel the ground, temperature, smell the smells
6. Set the card up about 10 feet away from you, take three steps towards it, imagine yourself walking into the card, sit behind it and meditate on being inside it, then walk out of the card.
If there is a path on the card, walk your way up it. Work your way through the card
Dissolve the physical forms and concentrate on the powers and energies of the card.
Once inside the card turn around and look back out, it will give you a different perspective. Write your experiences down and meditate on them.
IN -> Forms -> Energies -> Out
It doesn't have to be for a long time.
Meditate on the card before you go to sleep. It can make you dream about the card. Look at it again as soon as you wake up. Write down your dream and meditate on it.
When inside the card ask the people for advice if you wish. Pick a card that feels relevant to your problem.
Copyright © by The Book of THOTH - The complete guide to the Tarot, Magick and the Occult All Right Reserved.


text: Hello I'm trying to come up with a solid Lab to use for my chapter on Waves and Optics. I am considering having it center on refraction. Here is the problem: All labs I create for my class must avoid being a set of instructions for the student to perform. The must always be set up as a discovery where the experiment itself is not known and must be constructed by the student themselves. As a result, the questions they are given to start with are usually open ended (some labs end up being constructions, such as bridge building or Rube Goldberg devices, but that is not what i want to do here). The issue is that Snell's law is not something one can simply happen upon, so to simply ask them to try and construct and experiment to determine the relationships involved in refracted light would be not within their scope. I'm wondering if anybody had any ideas as to how to approach a good lab that still requires the students to devise their own experiment to solve a particular problem. Thanks in advance.


text:
After modeling, elevations are not yet presentable. Lines will appear between walls and floors, and grade lines may not appear at the elevations. There are other ways to resolve the appearance of elevations, but please consider the following suggestions:
- If you are using an exterior cladding, make sure your floor sketch lines are on the outside line of the cladding, not the core.
- Paint the edge of the floor with the same material as your exterior cladding and then join the floors to the walls. Do not join and then paint, as your lines won't disappear. (If you did this, you can sometimes work around it by joining the walls above and below the floor together, and hitting ok when it warns that the objects do not touch one another.)
- Elevations looks best with the silhouetting turned on. Go into advance model graphics, and override the silhouette lines to Wide Lines.
- If you don't like some of the lines silhouetting, you can override them with the linework tool and the setting.
- Make sure your pad (which carves out a hole for your building in the terrain) is drawn to the outside of your cladding. This will ensure that a grade line appears on your elevations.


text:
Attached objects to a task will appear as links in the decision task workitem display. I find this way is easier and more flexible then using the SOFM attachments for adding data to workitems.and you can easily test the method by testing the object and do not have to use a task to create it.
let's say we what to add a link to a url, doing so in the task description will be difficult the same as adding it as an attachment, however calling a url in a method is easy for example by using cl_gui_frontend_services=>execute. Calling an adobi form Example: Calling Forms in an Application Program (SAP Library – SAP Interactive Forms by Adobe) or a DMS document using CVAPI_DOC_VIEW and attaching a new object to the task is not difficult as well.
Here is an example for a DMS document, but this should work the same for all types of attachments.
Create a z-object (do not delegate this object to the original one if you created it as a sub-object) in the example it's a sub-object of DRAW
In the new object create a method calling the DMS document. Pay attention that this method does not have an importing parameter
BEGIN_METHOD DISPLAYEASYDMS CHANGING CONTAINER.
CALL FUNCTION 'CVAPI_DOC_VIEW'
pf_dokar = object-key-DOCUMENTTYPE
pf_doknr = object-key-DOCUMENTNUMBER
pf_dokvr = object-key-DOCUMENTVERSION
pf_doktl = obejct-key-DOCUMENTPART
ERROR = 1
NOT_FOUND = 2
NO_AUTH = 3
NO_ORIGINAL = 4
OTHERS = 5.
Define this new method as the default object method
Now you can create this object as an attribute of the main workflow object (by delegation)
GET_PROPERTY DMSDOCUMENT CHANGING CONTAINER.
DATA: lo_dms_doc TYPE swc_object,
lv_dms_key TYPE sww_wi2obj-instid.
lv_dms_key =
swc_create_object lo_dms_doc 'ZEASYDMSD' lv_dms_key.
swc_set_element container 'DMSDocument' lo_dms_doc.
And in the decision task add the new object and transfer if to the task from the original object attribute.
The decision task will look like this:
And the added object will be a link to displaying the url/link/DMS etc.


the bedroom. – TomG Nov 30 '12 at 4:37
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Nameplate Power Won't Reveal Actual Power Consumption
The horsepower, wattage, current, and/or voltage will not tell you how much power your fan is actually consuming. That is because the amount of power consumed depends on the load that the fan and your duct system imposes upon the motor. In other words, the actual power consumed depends very much on your particular installation.
Power Consumption Follows an Affinity Law
The relationship between fan RPM and power consumption follows an affinity law. Specifically power is proportionate to the cube of the RPM. So cutting your fan speed in half reduces your power consumption by 8x.
This relationship makes clear that reducing fan speed as much as possible is critical to reducing power consumption. However, affinity law alone won't help you determine power consumption in absolute quantities.
Reducing Your Furnace Fan Speed
Many household furnace fan motors are designed to operate at a variety of discrete speeds. This is usually accomplished by applying power to one of a variety of winding configurations built into the motor. Where this is the case, the furnace installation manual usually provides a table of connection wire colors and corresponding speeds for your fan.
The furnace fan speed is meant to be set to an appropriate value for the particular installation. In my experience, however, the speed installers typically set the fan to is much higher than optimal.
Fan Power Consumption Increases With Constricted Air Flow
A fan pushing air through a short length of oversized duct uses much less power than the same fan pushing the same rate of air through small, extremely long, or damped ducts. Reducing constrictions like filters, grills, and closed dampers on the entire air circuit including the return air path will reduce the fan power consumption for a given amount of air flow.
Measuring Actual Power Consumption Requires a Particular Type of Clamp Meter
Furnace fans typically get their power from a controller or relay within the furnace. It is at this location that electrical measurements can be made to determine fan power consumption. In order to measure the actual power consumed by a furnace fan, you need to do be able to do the following:
 - on a common timebase,
 - measure the waveform of voltage applied to the motor, and
 - measure the waveform of current through the motor
 - calculate the product of the above two waveforms
 - find the time average of the product waveform over several cycles
The above is effectively what a real power meter does. The result will be in watts (W) which is what your utility power meter integrates over time to determine a watt-hour (Wh) reading which they use to calculate your bill.
The above is pretty complicated to do. Their are fairly common, specialized test instruments designed exactly for this purpose. The following are two examples:
There are some conceivable other ways of measuring real fan power consumption, but they are more complicated, error prone, and dangerous.
It is not possible to measure AC power consumption of a motor with a multimeter. Nor is it possible with an ammeter-only. In order to measure power consumption, a single piece of test equipment must measure both voltage and current over time (think thousands of samples per power cycle) and process that data to determine power consumption.
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My power meter shows instantaneous real power consumption and when I run my furnace fan, it consumes around 500 watts.
If you leave it on 24x7, this will be quite noticeable on your monthly electric bill.
There is work being done on measuring and improving the power consumption of the motors used to move the air but that only helps if you buy a new system.
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500 watts seems reasonable. What kind of power meter are you using for this test? – alx9r Dec 13 '12 at 6:13
I'm using the electric utility's power meter. It is one of these: silverspringnet.com/products/emeters-ge-I-210+.html – Philip Ngai Dec 13 '12 at 23:21
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text:
Key points to know
- Stunting and yellowing are above-ground symptoms of SCN.
- Early senescence of fields is an indirect above-ground symptom of SCN.
- There can be serious yield loss due to SCN without any obvious above-ground symptoms.
- Root stunting, discoloration, and fewer nodules are below-ground symptoms of SCN.
- You can see SCN females with the naked eye.
1. Stunting and yellowing can be above-ground symptoms of SCN


text:
Monitor Replication Status
Monitor the replication status using the XDCR and Data Buckets tabs.
The following Couchbase Web Console areas contain information about replication via XDCR:
The XDCR tab.
The outgoing XDCR section under the Data Buckets tab.
The Couchbase Web Console displays any replications configured, or replications in progress for that particular source cluster. If you want to view information about replications at a destination cluster, you must open the console for that cluster. When configuring bi-directional replication, use the web interfaces that belong to the source and destination clusters to monitor both clusters.
Any errors that occur during replication appear in the XDCR errors panel. The following example shows the errors that occur if replication streams from XDCR fail due to the missing vBuckets at the source cluster:
XDCR is resilient to intermittent network failures. If the destination cluster is unavailable due to a network interruption, XDCR pauses replication and then retries the connection to the cluster every 30 seconds. Once XDCR can successfully reconnect with the destination cluster, it resumes replication.
In the event of a more prolonged network failure, where the destination cluster is unavailable for more than 30 seconds, the source cluster continues to poll the destination cluster possibly resulting in numerous errors over time.


text: Year 4 Antarctic animal life cycles Investigate the life cycles of Antarctic animals. Predators and prey Explore feeding relationships between Antarctic animals. Find out which animals share the same food source and compete for food. Natural resources and waste management Students research how human needs are met and natural resources used on the new Australian icebreaker. Breaking the ice Students investigate forces, described as a push or a pull, and find out how forces can change the shape or movement of an object.


text:
2016 Artist in Residence
Lorette C. Luzajic is most inspired by colour, texture, and the vast array of human ideas and imagination, including art, literature, religion, pop culture and technology. If one word was needed, to sum up what is behind her creativity, it would be "curiosity."
Her fascination with human ideas melds perfectly with her love of eclectic materials, resulting in what she calls "mixed up media." Lorette plays with appropriation to create wholly original works; she blurs the intersection of art and writing by incorporating text, literature, and typography collage; she uses music to fuel the rhythm of each painting.
Lorette's formal education is a degree in journalism from Ryerson University, but her independent study of art history and constant reading could be considered "learning for life." Taking pictures to better observe the world around her, as well as travel, are both essential to her creative practice.


text:
Local governments claim that neighborhood improvement programs develop grassroots leadership capacity, raise the importance of neighborhood issues on the citywide political agenda, and empower residents to solve neighborhood-level problems. This article argues that neighborhood improvement programs also jeopardize the geography of opportunity, particularly women's neighborhood activism. Drawing from interviews with neighborhood activists and local government officials from one municipality in Southern California, this study illuminates the ways in which local government efforts regulate and contain neighborhood activism.
- neighborhood improvement programs,
- Santa Ana,
- neighborhood activism,
- neighborhood organizations
Available at: _URL_


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Uncertainty of time?
 1. Sep 6, 2004 #1
 Time standards are now based on atomic clocks. A promising second standard is based on pulsars, which are rotating neutron stars (highly compact stars consisting only of neutrons). Some rotate at a rate that is highly stable, sending out a radio beacon that sweeps briefly across Earth once with each rotation, like a lighthouse beacon. Suppose a pulsar rotates once every 1.424 806 448 872 75 2 ms, where the trailing 2 indicates the uncertainty in the last decimal place (it does not mean 2 ms).
 (a) How many times does the pulsar rotate in 21.0 days?
 The answer is 1.27e9
 (b) How much time does the pulsar take to rotate 1.0 x 10^6 times? (Give your answer to at least 4 decimal places.)
 The answer is _PHONE_ seconds
 (c) What is the associated uncertainty of this time?
 For this problem I am unsure of how the uncertainty is calculated. I understand parts a and b but not C. Please help.
 Last edited: Sep 6, 2004
 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 6, 2004 #2
 I think your answer to b) is off.
 It's rotating once every 1.424 806 448 872 75 2 ms. so for it to rotate 1.000 time plus 0.0106 times, you're definately not going to be in the 1400 second range.
 That's about 20 minutes to go a little more than it was going in beyond less than a second. Recalculate that and you should get a better start for finding the uncertainty.
 4. Sep 6, 2004 #3
 This answer is the right answer, but it should say: How much time does the pulsar take to rotate 1.0 X 10^6 times?
 5. Sep 6, 2004 #4
 User Avatar
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Use the error propogation formula:
 [tex]s = \sqrt{ \left( \frac{\delta u}{\delta x} \right)^2_{y,z}s_x^2 + \left( \frac{\delta u}{\delta y} \right)^2_{x,z}s_y^2 + \left( \frac{\delta u}{\delta z} \right)^2_{x,y}s_z^2 }[/tex]
 This is the 3 dimensional [x,y,z] form of the equation. In this case you only have a single dimension, so, it simplifies to
 [tex]s = \sqrt{ \left( nt \right)^2 s_t^2 }[/tex]
 where s is the total uncertainty, n is number of cycles, t is cycle time and s sub t is uncertainty per cycle.
 6. Sep 6, 2004 #5
 I get some incredibly odd answer. I think this problem has a simple way that it should be solved and I just don't know what it is. :grumpy:
 7. Sep 8, 2004 #6
 last minute hope lol can anyone help?


Georgians >
Georgian Inventions
There were many important inventions made and discovered during the Georgian period:
 - Abraham Darby invented cast iron which could flow into moulds when heated. This made it much easier and cheaper to make complex metal shapes like iron rails for steam trains to run on or large structures like the famous Iron Bridge crossing the River Severn in Shropshire.
Iron Bridge
 - Sir Humphry Davy invented the Davy lamp in 1815. It had a fine metal mesh which would protect the flame inside from causing an explosion when put near dangerous gases like methane found in coal mines.
 - The first power loom was built by Edmumd Carwright in 1785. It allowed textile making to be done much faster than if a human had done the same work and was soon used in over 250,000 machines in England.
Mule spinning machine at Quarry Bank Mill
 - Josiah Wedgwood was born in Stoke-on-Trent and became famous for the industrialisation (making things in factories, not workshops) of pottery
1780 Wedgewood dish (UBC)
 - Robert Peel (born in Bury) established the Metropolitan Police Force for London in 1829. Although unpopular at first, the 1,000 constables (nicknamed 'Bobbies') proved very successful in cutting crime and by 1857 all citities in the UK were obliged to form their own police forces.
Peel statue Bury - - 186004
 - Michael Faraday made the first electric motor in 1821. It is thanks to his many experiments with electric power that electricity became so usable in techology.
 - In 1759, John Harrison devised the first ever clock to keep the time exactly. From Greenwich Mean Time, sailors could then determine how many hours they were before or after that time and thus able to determine their longitude (degrees East to West position) on the globe.
Harrison's Chronometer H5
By the end of the Georgian period, factories, blast-furnaces and mines were taking over large areas of the British landscape.
Industrial cities like Birmingham (nicknamed 'the Black Country') soon became incredibly smoky and contributed to quite an unhealthy environment to work in.
Black Country – Borinage


Pentadecagon Explained
Regular pentadecagon
A regular pentadecagon is represented by Schläfli symbol.
A regular pentadecagon has interior angles of 156°, and with a side length a, has an area given by
\sqrt{7+2\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15+6\sqrt{5}}}a2\\ &=
\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{15}+ \sqrt{2}\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5}}\right)\\ &\simeq17.6424a2. \end{align}
A regular triangle, decagon, and pentadecagon can completely fill a plane vertex.
As 15 = 3 × 5, a product of distinct Fermat primes, a regular pentadecagon is constructible using compass and straightedge: The following constructions of regular pentadecagons with given circumcircle are similar to the illustration of the proposition XVI in Book IV of Euclid's Elements.[1]
Compare the construction according Euclid in this image: Pentadecagon
In the construction for given circumcircle:
is a side of equilateral triangle and
is a side of a regular pentagon.[2] The point
divides the radius
in golden ratio:
} = \frac = \frac = \Phi \approx 1.618 \text
Compared with the first animation (with green lines) are in the following two images the two circular arcs (for angles 36° and 24°) rotated 90° counterclockwise shown. They do not use the segment
, but rather they use segment
as radius
for the second circular arc (angle 36°).
A compass and straightedge construction for a given side length. The construction is nearly equal to that of the pentagon at a given side, then also the presentation is succeed by extension one side and it generates a segment, here
which is divided according to the golden ratio:
Side length
\begin{align} R&=a
\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15+6\sqrt{5}}}a\\ &=
a2.40486 ⋅ a \end{align}
The regular pentadecagon has Dih15 dihedral symmetry, order 30, represented by 15 lines of reflection. Dih15 has 3 dihedral subgroups: Dih5, Dih3, and Dih1. And four more cyclic symmetries: Z15, Z5, Z3, and Z1, with Zn representing π/n radian rotational symmetry.
On the pentadecagon, there are 8 distinct symmetries. John Conway labels these symmetries with a letter and order of the symmetry follows the letter.[3] He gives r30 for the full reflective symmetry, Dih15. He gives d (diagonal) with reflection lines through vertices, p with reflection lines through edges (perpendicular), and for the odd-sided pentadecagon i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for cyclic symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry.
These lower symmetries allows degrees of freedoms in defining irregular pentadecagons. Only the g15 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges.
There are three regular star polygons:,,, constructed from the same 15 vertices of a regular pentadecagon, but connected by skipping every second, fourth, or seventh vertex respectively.
There are also three regular star figures:,,, the first being a compound of three pentagons, the second a compound of five equilateral triangles, and the third a compound of three pentagrams.
The compound figure can be loosely seen as the two-dimensional equivalent of the 3D compound of five tetrahedra.
Deeper truncations of the regular pentadecagon and pentadecagrams can produce isogonal (vertex-transitive) intermediate star polygon forms with equal spaced vertices and two edge lengths.[4]
Petrie polygons
The regular pentadecagon is the Petrie polygon for some higher-dimensional polytopes, projected in a skew orthogonal projection:
It is also the Petrie polygon for the great 120-cell and grand stellated 120-cell.
See also
Notes and References
 1. Book: Dunham, William. 1991. Journey through Genius - The Great Theorems of Mathematics. Penguin. 2015-11-12. 65. the University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences Mathematics.
 2. Book: Kepler, Johannes, translated and initiated by MAX CASPAR 1939. WELT-HARMONIK. 2015-12-07. 44. Google Books. de. Retrieved on June 5, 2017
 3. [John H. Conway]


iridology zones dark spot kidney why?
Home » News » FAQ
What is iridology zones dark spot Psora Spots?
iridology zones dark spot kidney
iridology zones dark spot kidney
Location: Any location of the iris;
Appearance: Various shades of brown or black spots;
Symptoms: It indicates accumulations of toxins and is often an inherited weakness.
How to read iridology color?
Blue-Eyed Type (German: Lymphatic)
Description-White collaret (autonomic nerve wreath), solid blue or gray/blue color with no discoloration or psora (pigments). Related to the primary color blue and the spiritual aspect of health. Strong tendency towards Western phlegmatic (water) constitution and Chinese water, metal constitutions.
iridology dark outer ring
iridology dark brown eyes
iridology dark spots in eyes
iridology dark ring around pupil
iridology dark spots
iridology dark eyes
iridology dark ring around iris
iridology dark circle around iris
This is the "pure" blue eye that is found in people's of European descent. It usually accompanies a classic phlegmatic disposition, which means the person is prone to lymphatic disturbances and catarrh afflictions. This is probably due in part to the fact that people of European descent are frequently heavy consumers of dairy products. Blue-eyed people are also thought to have a greater tendency to accumulate uric acid in their bodies and to have kidney troubles. The body systems and parts that these people have to pay particular attention to are the following: Mucus membrane areas (upper respiratory tract, bronchioles, villi of lungs, digestive tract and the uro-genital tracts), lymphatic tissues (tonsils, appendix, spleen and lymph nodes) and membranes of the joints.
Health problems commonly found in people with the lymphatic constitution include the following: Sinus troubles, sore throats, tonsillitis, earaches, bronchitis, asthma, swollen lymph nodes, skin catarrh (eczema and dandruff), kidney weakness, arthritis and rheumatism.
Mixed-Eyed Type (German: Biliary)
Description-Discolorations or psora (drug spots) on top of a blue background (fiber structure is visible through color). Related to the primary color yellow and the mental aspect of health. Strong tendency towards Chinese wood, earth constitutions and the Western air constitution.
The blue/brown mixed eye has been linked by Iridologists with a disposition to biliary or hepatic (liver) troubles. It is believed that the colorations on top of the blue eye are a sign of toxicity in the body due to digestive problems. When the pigmentation is concentrated around the center of the eye, this is especially linked with digestive disturbances. Problems with the liver and other digestive organs can lead to further imbalances in the glandular and circulatory systems. Body systems and organs to pay particular attention to are as follows: The digestive system (stomach, pancreas, gall bladder and especially the liver) and the intestinal tract.
Common health problems Iridologists associate with this type are: Hypoglycemia, PMS, indigestion, gallstones, constipation, gas, toxicity of the digestive tract, anger and/or depression, difficulty getting to sleep followed by difficulty waking up in the morning, nausea, stiffness and achiness, headaches (especially migraines), food allergies, seasonal allergies and Candida.
spots iridology camera up the urethra Why iridology have Black
spots iridology camera up the urethra Why iridology have Black 1
Colors have strong meaning in this eye type:
Straw Yellow: Relates to the kidneys and suggests poor kidney function.
Neon Orange: Relates to the pancreas and suggests a tendency to blood sugar imbalances and problems with digesting (metabolizing) carbohydrates.
Dirty Orange: May relate to either the pancreas or the gallbladder. Suggests some tendency as neon orange, but may also suggest gall bladder problems. Look for other signs of gall bladder problems (marks in gallbladder zone or fatty deposits in whites.)
Dark Brown: Related to liver function.
Reddish Brown: Suggests breakdown of the blood and a need to work with blood purification and building. Possible problems with liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Brown Eyed Type (German: Hematogenic)
Description-Pure brown eye with pigments covering iris fiber structure. Related to the primary color red and the physical aspect of health. Probably Chinese constitutional types: fire and earth. Probability related to Western fire and earth constitutions as well.
Pure brown eyes are difficult for Iridologists to read because a layer of pigment completely covers up the fiber structure of the eye. However, Iridologists have noted some general characteristics of brown-eyed people. First, they appear to be pre-disposed to imbalances in blood composition and hence to blood disorders. It has been suggested that they have a possible inherent inability to store adequate supplies of minerals. They may especially have problems with calcium metabolism. Specific systems and organs to pay particular attention to are: The circulatory system (heart, blood, blood vessels), the organs that make blood (liver, spleen, bone marrow), the digestive system and the endocrine glands.
Common health problems experienced by brown-eyed people include: Anemia, hardening of the arteries, all types of blood diseases, constriction and hardening of lymph tissue, possible reduced leukocytes in the blood, digestive troubles, mineral deficiencies and early breakdown of the endocrine glands.
How to read the iridology Sample 3PCS? Sample Eye Readings
Here are a few sample eye photos, with the most glaring conditions marked. These are not comprehensive in any way, but are simply shared to give you an idea of what kinds of markings are visible, and what they signify.
Iridology chart
iridology charts
iridology charts
iridology chart
iridology camera applications(Where need it?):
1,Health products distributor
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3, health product manufacturers and research institutes,
5, sub-health counseling
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7 nutrition guidance counselors, other industries
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Sale Cousultant : Mrs Lucy
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Press Releases|
Foreign Secretary Tehmina Janjua and Mr. Sergey Ryabkov, Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation, led their respective delegations to the 13th Meeting of the Pakistan-Russia Consultative Group on Strategic Stability today.
During the meeting, the two sides had an in-depth exchange of views on prevailing regional and global security environments and their impact on the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation agenda. The two sides agreed on the need for preserving multilateralism in the field of international security and disarmament and shared the concern regarding the possible erosion of painstakingly negotiated international arrangements in several areas. The discussions encompassed issues such as non-militarization of outer space, upholding bilateral and multilateral treaties, developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security as well as matters related to the IAEA, OPCW and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.
The two sides underscored with satisfaction the close coordination, cooperation and consultations between Russia and Pakistan at various international fora. Both sides agreed on the need to further capitalize on the positive trajectory of the overall bilateral relations by exploring avenues for mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation.
Pakistan-Russia Consultative Group on Strategic Stability is a platform for structured dialogue between the two sides and has been meeting since 2003.
28 March 2019
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text:
by A.M. Reinhorn, R.E. Valles-Mattox and S.K. Kunnath
The Loss Assessment of Memphis Buildings (LAMB) project is one of the major research projects funded by NCEER. The immediate goal of the project is to assess probable losses and risk levels for specific building types in the Memphis area. However, the long term goal of the project is to develop a unified methodology that can be used for other building types, in other geographical regions. This project studies the response of non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings and unreinforced masonry buildings. The LAMB project integrates research efforts in structures and systems, seismic hazard and ground motions, geotechnical engineering, risk and reliability, and socioeconomic aspects. Questions and comments should be directed to Andrei Reinhorn, University at Buffalo, at _PHONE_; email: _EMAIL_.
In this article, the performance of a four story building, designed without seismic provisions, is studied when subjected to different intensities of ground motion. The seismic demand in the structure is determined in two ways:
The latter technique was recently developed by the authors (Reinhorn et al., 1996). The deformation demands imposed by the earthquakes are compared to the ultimate deformation capacities, to translate response quantities to damage indices, and the latter to damage states.
The structure described herein was selected as a typical low-rise reinforced concrete building for the Memphis area. The structure, part of the University of Memphis campus, was designed in the mid 1960's without seismic provision, as were most buildings in the area. The four story reinforced concrete structure is used as a classroom building. Plan dimensions, typical at all floors, are 197 feet by 95 feet (60 m x 29 m), with a typical story height of 12 feet (3.66 m) as shown in figure 1. The structural system consists of a ribbed slab supported by columns and shear walls.
Typical column dimensions used in the building are 2 ft. 6 in. (76 mm) by 1 ft. (30.5 mm) columns closely spaced in the perimeter of the building, and 18 in. by 18 in. (46 x 46 mm) in the interior. Similarly, two beam types can be identified: one for the exterior frames, and a second one for the interior frames. All beams, or " slab bands" as referred to in the initial design, are 17 in. (43 mm) deep. The shear walls, delineating the elevator and stairs, have a constant thickness of 1 ft. (30.5 mm) throughout the height of the building. Figure 2 shows elevations of the three frame types identified in the longitudinal (north-south) direction. For a more detailed description of the building, see Valles et al. (1996a).
|Table 1: Story heights and weights for half of the case study building|
To evaluate the seismic response of the building, the computer program IDARC (version 4.0) was used (Valles et al., 1996b). A two dimensional model for the structure was used since no significant torsional amplifications were expected due to the symmetry of the building. Furthermore, only half of the building was modeled in either direction, thus, all results reported consider only half of the actual building. The story weights and story heights for half the building are summarized in table 1.
The lateral loads in the system are mostly carried by the shear walls, due to their higher stiffness, as compared to the column-beam frame action. Nevertheless, the model includes the other frames to ensure that the imposed displacement profile will not threaten the vertical load capacity of the structure. Since the limit state in the building can be reached either by a high force demand in the shear walls, or a significant displacement demand in the moment resisting frames, all structural elements were included. The moment-curvature capacity curves for each structural element were automatically generated by IDARC (Valles et al., 1996b), using the fiber model capabilities.
The Memphis metropolitan area is located in the Mississippi embayment, near the epicenters of the New Madrid series of earthquakes. Attenuation relations for the area have been developed by Nuttli and Hermann (1984). Ground motions for the site, corresponding to different earthquake magnitudes, stress drop, and epicentral distances, were generated by the seismic hazard and geotechnical task group of the LAMB project. The records were generated by combining a deterministic and a probabilistic approach (Horton, 1994). A total of 200 records were generated for the area, out of which five were selected to represent five ground motion intensities, with peak ground accelerations (PGA) of 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.3g, 0.4g, and 0.5g.
Time-History Analysis Response
The structure was subjected to the five earthquake motion accelerations selected. Figure 3 presents the maximum displacements, interstory drifts, and story shears experienced by the structure (NS direction), and for each earthquake intensity. The integration time step for the 0.4g and 0.5g accelerations had to be reduced, since the motion induced significant inelastic excursions in the structural elements.
The nonlinear pushover analysis, or collapse mode analysis, is a simple and efficient technique to study the response of a building. The pushover analysis is carried out by incrementally applying lateral loads, or displacements to the structure. The sequence of component cracking, yielding, and failure, as well as the history of deformations and shears in the structure, can be traced as the lateral loads (or displacements) are monotonically increased (see figure 4). Furthermore, strength and service limit states, such as the failure of an element, the formation of a collapse mechanism, etc., can be identified.
The results from pushover analyses are often presented in graphs that describe the variation of the story shear versus story drift, for an inter-story description of the capacity, and base shear versus top displacement, for a global description. The capacity curve determined from a pushover analysis is influenced by the lateral force (displacement) distribution used to load the structure. The force distribution for pushover analysis was determined as follows:
where VB is the base shear, m is the story mass, is the mass-normalized mode shape, is the participation factor, srss is the root sum of squares superposition, are spectral ratios which can be approximated (see Reinhorn et al., 1996). The same distribution can be simply approximated by the design code distribution:
where h is the height to the story weight, and W and k are a power to simulate the complex behavior described by Equation 1.
Figure 5 shows the overall capacity curves for a constant (k=0), linear (k=1), and parabolic (k=2) distribution. The first shear wall failure, as well as the response obtained from time-history analyses, are shown in figure 4. The capacity curve for k=1 (linear) was found to capture the results from the time history analyses in the deformation range before the first shear wall failure.
Simplified Elastic and Inelastic Response Evaluations
In the simplified design or evaluation process, the capacity of a structure is estimated, and compared to the demand loads. The response is estimated at the intersection of a capacity and a demand curve. The method is an extension of the capacity spectrum method proposed by Freeman (1994). The force deformation capacity curves are determined from pushover analysis. The elastic demand curve is determined from an elastic spectral analysis, modified to account for the hysteretic energy dissipation.
The elastic response evaluation method considers the use of an equivalent linear system to estimate the nonlinear response along with an equivalent damping ratio representing the hysteretic behavior (see figure 6). A summary of different methods to determine the equivalent damping ratio is presented by Iwan and Gates (1979). The average stiffness and energy method seems to give the smallest percentage of error for various ductility ratios (Iwan and Gates, 1979). For this method, the critical damping ratios are defined according to:
The idealized bilinear pushover capacity curve is superimposed with the equivalent linear demand curves. The point where the ductility along the capacity curve coincides with the equivalent ductility of the intersecting demand curves yields an estimate of the inelastic response.
For the inelastic response evaluation method, inelastic spectral curves are generated using a bilinear model for the structure (Reinhorn et al., 1996). The response of the bilinear single-degree-of-freedom system is obtained for a given value of the post-yielding stiffness (), and for different values of the force reduction factor, R, defined as the ratio of the elastic, Ve, to the yield, Vy, force capacity of the system. The point where the demand curve, corresponding to the actual value for R, intersects the capacity curve, is the actual inelastic response of the bilinear structure (figure 7).
The procedure described for an SDOF system can be extended to multi-story buildings by modifying the capacity curve to an equivalent SDOF system. The response can be evaluated considering the overall building response, or the interstory response. In the former case, the top displacement versus base shear is used to characterize the capacity, while in the latter case, the story drift versus story shears are used. Both evaluations are important, since the overall response provides an estimate of the global performance, while the story evaluation will detect undesirable weak stories. Actual overall pushover results (T and Vb) are modified to an equivalent


text: In this paper, the effects of rotation on the distribution of a layer of oil on a bearing raceway are analyzed in relation to the geometry of the raceway. The research is motivated by the need to understand the behavior of grease lubricated bearings. Some specific aspects of grease lubrication can be understood by approximating the contact as a starved lubricated elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact. In such a contact, the shape and thickness of the inlet layer of oil, supplied to the contact on the running track, are of crucial importance to the film formation and contact performance. Small changes in the distribution of lubricant on the rolling track, as a result of reflow or redistribution, may have a large (local) effect on the film thickness inside the contact. Starting from the Navier–Stokes equations, the free surface thin layer flow equation for axisymmetric rotating surfaces is derived. For the case of bearing applications, it is shown that a simple quasilinear equation can be derived for the layer thickness, as a function of location and time, which can be solved analytically. Experiments have been carried out, measuring the changes of a layer of oil on rotating raceways in time in relation to the rotational speed and the raceway geometry. It is shown that the simplified model accurately predicts the thin layer flow, except in a region near the outflow boundary, where the effect of the boundary condition on the layer shape is crucial. This is further illustrated by results of numerical simulations.


text:
I told you I can distinguish the shape and texture of different foods through my oesophagus, and yet you gave me the standard 'textbook answer' - I specifically asked you to tell me what it would do to a throat to have food stuck for long periods, and how long it would hold out, and you have not addressed my question AT ALL.
OK thank you - sadly I still don't know any more than what I know already. However, I do appreciate your second answer was a thought-out answer, and is to the best of your knowledge - could you please just answer yes or no to the following two questions:
1) is it possible to investigate my digestive tract whilst I am sedated?
2) if I were to have an X-ray while the food is stuck in my throat, would the food be visible?


text:
The need to provide environmental management on jobs is established not just in the applicable national and sector legislation but also in Environmental Impact Declarations issued as part of the process to authorise projects and actions.
In such cases, the Environmental Works Management (DAO) is the result of the decentralisation of the Project Management, and takes up responsibility for the monitoring and control of all the environmental aspects associated with the job. Its role is therefore key, and is highly relevant.
EUROCONTROL does these environmental management tasks as part of the project, providing a service with an integral focus and which ranges from work prior to the commencement of the project, environmental controls as the work is done, to environmental monitoring during the operation of the installations or infrastructures.
The Company has had broad experience in this field, and has developed DAO contracts and technical assistance to the DAO for bodies such as AENA, the Bilbao Bizkaia Water Consortium, Acuamed, ACUAES, the Galicia Regional Government, the Ministry of Development, etc.
As part of its quality policy, EUROCONTROL performs environmental management tasks on the work site through the so-called Supervision and Control Plan (PSC) and the procedures linked to it. This Plan structures the work and the functions for the environmental management of a project, making it a tool clearly designed to ensure that the demands raised by a client are met.
Before work starts, EUROCONTROL ensures that all the conditioning factors and provisions which must be adopted to ensure that it is performed correctly have been complied with, to these ends:
- Conducting an initial review of all the environmental aspects included in the Environmental Impact Study (EsIA) and the Environmental Impact Declaration (DIA).
- Reviewing the Environmental Surveillance Plan (PVA) and, in the absence of such a plan, drawing it up.
- Verifying that the project includes the environmental conditions demanded in the DIA.
- Analysing all the state, region and local provisions dealing with environmental aspects in the sector and applicable to the project, along with other binding reports from various bodies.
- Reviewing the Environmental Quality Assurance Plan drawn up by the contracting company, to ensure compliance with the environmental requisites which must be taken into account while this work is being done.
During the phase when the work is being done, EUROCONTROL:
- Periodically visits the work to track and monitor it, adapting the frequency of visits to the requirements of the DIA/Administration environmental resolutions, and to the reality of the work.
- Ensures that the measures provided for in the EsIA are being implemented correctly, and are adjusted to the environmental integration criteria put in place in the DIA.
- Verifies that the action taken is in compliance with the requisites established in the mandatory legislation in the sector.
- Checks the effectiveness of the protective and corrective measures established and implemented and, if considered unsatisfactory, determines the causes and establishes the appropriate remedies.
- Detects impacts not foreseen in the EsIA, defining the most adequate additional measures to reduce, eliminate or compensate them.
- Coordinates the archaeological monitoring work.
- Interprets and values the analyses performed: noise target trials, water and soil analyses, etc., and, if required by the client, completing the analyses and measurements created in the Administration's resolutions.
- Draws up the environmental monitoring reports provided for in the DIA and the specialised reports required.
- Prepares the projects for the restoration of the zones affected by the work, including those where surplus materials from excavation are deposited.
- Advises the Work Management of any decision or change raised and which affects the environmental values of the area, pointing out any problems which might be caused and suggesting solutions to minimise possible impacts.
On completion of the work, EUROCONTROL takes over the monitoring of the environmental measures adopted in the project, such as planting, environmental restoration of areas degraded during the work, the presence of fauna, erosion processes, water quality, etc.
EUROCONTROL also completes the formalities required for the work such as authorisations for works in areas of the Hydraulic Public Domain or in the Zone for the Policing of Courses, authorisations to cut, prune or clear wooded areas, authorisations for any necessary archaeological tasks, legalisation of concrete, crushing or asphalt plants, environmental processing for new spoil or dumping, waste management plans, and any additional studies established in the DIAs or in the construction projects, such as environmental targets, detailed fauna studies, study of the sensitivity of buildings to noise and vibrations during the work, archaeological studies, studies of flora and fauna, etc.
The Company also undertakes to complete any formalities and steps required by the Administration for the authorisation of your installations: for clearance for installations where potentially air-pollutant actives (APCA) are to be pursued, integrated environmental authorisation (A.I.A), situation reports and preliminary soil reports, waste management plans, processing for waste product registration, waste management authorisation, etc.
EUROCONTROL has had wide experience in sampling design and "in situ" sampling, and in the preparation of the results of trials of all types of environmental parameters for Civil Engineering Work and industrial installations, and holds ENAC Accreditation pursuant to Standard UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17020 for environmental inspection, and UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025 for acoustic trials.


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Definitions of pray
n. & v. - See Pry. 2
v. i. - To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving. 2
v. t. - To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech. 2
v. t. - To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. 2
v. t. - To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. 2
The word "pray" uses 4 letters: A P R Y.
No direct anagrams for pray found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after pray (in bold), or to apry in any order:
d - pardy e - apery payer repay g - grapy h - harpy n - pyran o - payor r - parry s - prays raspy spray t - party
List shorter words within pray, sorted by length
All words formed from pray by changing one letter
Browse words starting with pray by next letter


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Snapshot: NASA Fires Twin Lasers at the Moon
Hundreds of moon lovers flocked to skywatching weekend skywatching events to gaze at Earth's nearest neighbor, but only at one gathering did visitors get a chance to see NASA fire lasers at the moon.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., opened the doors of its Laser Ranging Facility to the public Saturday (Sept. 18) in a rare night of tours to show visitors how it tracks the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter around the moon. The event was one of nearly 400 gatherings around the world making up International Observe the Moon Night aimed at spurring public interest in the moon.
This photo was taken by photographer Wade Sisler at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
At the Laser Ranging Facility, engineers fire a laser 28 times per second across nearly 250,000 miles at the minivan-sized Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, a spacecraft moving at nearly 3,600 miles per hour as it orbits the moon.
By knowing the precise location of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, scientists are able to ensure the accuracy of the moon maps the probe generates. The spacecraft recently completed its first year at the moon and, last week, finished its initial exploration mission to support future NASA flights to the moon. The probe is now switching to a pure science mission to help researchers to better understand the moon and its history.
- 10 Coolest New Moon Discoveries
- A Night With the Moon: Skywatchers Savor Lunar Views In Global Event
- NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Gets New Moon Mission
- Telescopes For Beginners
- Poll: Where Should Humans Land on the Moon Next?
This story was updated to reflect that photographer Wade Sisler took this photo.
MORE FROM SPACE.com


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Procedural genererated polygonal planets. Procedural generated pologonal region terrain maps. Triangulated distances between primary objects, primary and secondary objects, tertersy and secondary objects, and so on. Distance from a ship around a planet is calculated by getting the distance to the planet, distance from the planet to the sun, distance from the sun to the next sun, the next sun to the next planet.
Novel backfill. Use a series of functions and objects to fill out an endpoint objective then after that work backwards in steps to reach that objective. Work backwards at each step while building the novel backbone.
Pandas for data points?
Start making scapy and beautifulsoup bots to get text novels and book descriptors, types of novels, character development traits, all sorts of things.
Pick a database backend.
Pick a web frontend.
Get a logo, just for the hell of it.
Establish the line between cowriter and author?


text:
Posted by Lotg on November 24, 2004
In Reply to: Re: Macedon and Monmouth posted by Doug on November 24, 2004
: : : : : : Does anyone know where the saying "As different as Macedon and Monmouth" originated from?
: : : : :
: : : : : I've found it! It's from Shakespeare's Henry V.
: : : : Thanks for posting and letting us know.
: : : Pardon me for being a dunce, but lacking a copy at hand of Henry V, I don't know whether there's any significance in this choice of place names. Is it just that both start with M, but are very far apart geographically? SS
: : does it mean the same as "as different as mastedon and mammoth".
: I suppose it might to an archaeologist. However, most lay folk would not know the difference between a mastodon and a mammoth, so it might tend suggest similarity. What is the source of this phrase?
Smokey, there does appear to be significance in the choice of place names in Henry V. Although rather than the comparison indicating how different they are - as I would have expected given you can't get much more different than Macedon (as in Macedonia) and Monmouth (as in the UK), it appears to me that Shakespeare is using the example to indicate how alike they are. Which if taken in context, does make sense. Here's a passage that might clarify:
"I tell you, captain, if you look in the maps of the 'orld, I warrant you shall find, in the comparisons between Macedon and Monmouth, that the situations, look you, is both alike. There is a river in Macedon, and there is also moreover a river at Monmouth: it is called Wye at Monmouth; but it is out of my prains what is the name of the other river; but 'tis all one, 'tis alike as my fingers is to my fingers, and there is salmons in both. If you mark Alexander's life well, Harry of Monmouth's life is come after it indifferent well; for there is figures in all things."
(Captain Fluellen to Captain Gower, King Henry V, Act IV Scene VII)


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Moravians first brought the organ into North Carolina for use in worship services. Joseph Ferdinand Bulitschek, a Salem cabinetmaker and millwright, built two early organs for Moravian congregations in the Wachovia settlement. Bulitschek's organ for Bethania, built in 1773, was in use until destroyed by fire in 1942. Other eighteenth-century organ builders included Jacob Loesch of Bethania and a Mr. Stirewalt of Rowan County.
Two of ten surviving organs by the renowned Moravian organ builder David Tannenberg of Pennsylvania are housed at Old Salem. The first was installed in 1798. New York's Henry Erben, touted as America's premier organ builder of the nineteenth century, built five organs in North Carolina by the mid-1840s. Christ Episcopal Church in Elizabeth City purchased one of Erben's organs in 1845.
Theater organs, pipe organs with tremulant and percussion sounds made by wooden pipes, were manufactured in the early twentieth century for use in accompanying silent movies. Robert Morton built theater organs for Lumberton's Carolina Civic Center and Greensboro's Carolina Theater. A Barton organ from Milwaukee's Upton Theatre is in a private Raleigh residence. The enormous Moller organ in Charlotte's Calvary Church, which includes theater organ pipes, is the thirteenth-largest organ in the world.
Duke University Chapel boasts three organs. The Aeolian, built in 1932, was the last organ the Aeolian Organ Company built before merging with the E. M. Skinner Organ Company. Recently renovated, its pipes number around 6,900. In 1976, the organ now installed over the chapel entrance was completed in the shop of the famous D. A. Flentrop in Zaandam, Holland. The tones of its 5,033 pipes reflect Dutch and French organs of the early eighteenth century, considered the "golden age of organs." In 1997 John Brombaugh and Associates of Eugene, Ore., installed an organ with 960 pipes in a swallows nest gallery on the middle north wall of Duke Chapel for use during weekly worship services. Since then, the Flentrop is used primarily for processionals and recessionals at larger worship services, university events, and recitals. A Flentrop organ also was installed at Reynolda Presbyterian Church in Winston-Salem in 1961.
Two pipe organ builders, the Knowlton Pipe Organ Company in Davidson and Cornel Zimmer in Denver, currently work in North Carolina. Zimmer also manufactures digital organs. Allen Organ Company, based in Macungie, Pa., made electronic and digital organs in Rocky Mount for some 30 years until closing the plant in March 1999.
Orpha Ochse, The History of the Organ in the United States (1975).
Wachovia Historical Society. "David Tannenberg's Wachovia Organs." Wachovia Historical Society. _URL_ (accessed August 27, 2012).
Reid, Gordon. "PROG SPAWN! The Rise And Fall Of Rocky Mount Instruments" Sound on Sound. December 2001. _URL_ (accessed August 27, 2012).
Markowitz, Jerome. Triumphs & Trials of an Organ Builder. Macungie, PA : Vox Humana Press, 1989.
Emerick, Tom. "Rocky Mount Instruments (RMI)." Synthmuseum.com. _URL_
"Allen Organ Co. Announces Decision To Build New Plant in Rocky Mount." The Evening Telegram [Rocky Mount, N.C.]. December 13, 1965.
Tannenberg organ in Home Church in Old Salem, 1890s. Courtesy of Old Salem, Inc.
1 January 2006 | Johnson, K. Todd


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose I pick $k$ integers without replacement from $\{1, \ldots, n\}$. Let $I$ be the value of the highest integer. A calculation with binomials reveals $$E[I] = \frac{k}{k+1}(n+1)$$ This is a very simple formula - does it have a simple calculation-free proof?
share|improve this question
Do you know some instance of calculation-free proof for the expected value of some non-constant random variable? I would like to see it. – Matemáticos Chibchas Feb 7 '13 at 8:22
In many cases, you can use symmetry or some clever conditioning to avoid heavy calculations. – pierre Feb 7 '13 at 8:33
You just said it: "heavy" calculations. This is OK, but no calculations at all? Besides, I agree that conditioning is clever, but it is based on the nontrivial subject of conditional expectation. – Matemáticos Chibchas Feb 7 '13 at 9:04
_USER_ - the answer by Henry below is what I would call calculation-free. – pierre Feb 8 '13 at 23:42
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1 Answer
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Picking $k$ integers without replacement from $\{1, \ldots,n\}$ involves breaking the interval $[0,n+1]$ into $k+1$ pieces where the length of each piece has the same distribution.
So the expected length of each piece (including the piece from the highest sampled integer to $n+1$) is $\dfrac{n+1}{k+1}$ and so the expected value of the highest sampled integer is $n+1 - \dfrac{n+1}{k+1}$.
Simple calculation will give your result.
So in general, the expected value of the $j$th sampled integer (counting from the bottom) is $j \dfrac{n+1}{k+1} $.
share|improve this answer
Sorry by my ignorance, but I don't get it: what is the "same distribution" of each piece? (I don't understand the expected length stuff either, but hopefully this will be cleared when I get illuminated about the "same distribution" issue) Thanks. – Matemáticos Chibchas Feb 7 '13 at 20:08
Very nice! But how do you show that are no "edge effects," i.e., that the length of the first piece has the same as the length of the second? – pierre Feb 7 '13 at 22:04
_USER_ Chibchas: Each length is a random variable with a distribution. Each of these distributions is the same and has the same mean. – Henry Feb 8 '13 at 7:35
_USER_: Imagine seating $k+1$ people round a table with $n+1$ seats: there are no edge effects in the gaps between people. Then cut the table where the first person sits and straighten it into a bench of length $n+1$. – Henry Feb 8 '13 at 7:39
Lovely. Thank you for this fantastic answer. – pierre Feb 8 '13 at 23:41
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Your Answer


Lycra is the brand name of spandex invented by DuPont scientist Joseph C. Shivers in 1959. After ten years of research Shivers came up with a spandex that stretched better than rubber (up to 600% its natural shape) and didn't break down after being exposed to body oils, detergents, lotions or perspiration. Lycra changed women's clothing first with the invention of intimate apparel that no longer bound or hurt. Finally women could wear clothing that moved with them and then shrunk back to its original shape.
Since 1959 DuPont is still the leading manufacturer of Lycra, though not typically sold or used by itself as it is much more effective when added to other fabrics (like wool, cotton or linen) giving these fabrics a new stretchy quality.
DuPont did not invent spandex, instead Bayer holds the claim to that, DuPont instead was able to use their research on polyurethane to patent Lycra and hold the market for nearly thirty years. More research on farther application of Lycra is being pursued.


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Miss Rumphius Literature Guide
What is our responsibility in the world? To Alice Rumphius, her responsibility was to do something to make the world more beautiful. But what does that mean to her and what does it mean to you? Making the world a more beautiful place may seem like a big task, but small simple gestures may have a bigger impact than you imagine. This book inspires the reader to think of small ways to do something for the common good. What will you do to make the world more beautiful?
ASK: What can you do to make the world a beautiful place?
SHOW: Look at the pictures throughout the book. Notice that the character goes to faraway places and grows older.
CONNECT: This is a story that tells about one person from when she is a child to a very old woman. There are three things she wants to do in her life. Let's find out what they are.
ASK: What are the three things Miss Rumphius wants to do?
SHOW: What job does she have? Where does she travel? How does she feel about other people?
CONNECT: What do you think she will do to make the world beautiful? What would you like to do to make the world beautiful in your lifetime?
ASK: What does the young Alice at the end of the story say she wants to do in her life? Why do you think she wants to do the same thing as her great aunt?
SHOW: Look at the final pictures of the children enjoying the company and flowers of Miss Rumphius. What does that tell you about Miss Rumphius?
CONNECT: Although Miss Rumphius seems to be alone her whole life, she is part of several different communities. What are the different communities? What different communities do you belong to? (A community is a group of people coming together for a common purpose or in a common place.)
- Design and carry out a plan to make the world a more beautiful place. Ideas include cleaning up a park, planting flowers, and organizing a recycling effort.
- Think of several examples of beauty in the world. Sort your ideas into different lists, such as natural things/made by humans or big/small or things to see/actions.
- Think of several examples of things in the world that could be made beautiful. List the steps to make one thing beautiful.
- Brainstorm a list of possible jobs for yourself and other family members. Look at the jobs in the book, jobs of people you know, and jobs related to current interests. When you are ready to choose a job for yourself (as a grown up), what do you think are the important things to consider? Why do you think Miss Rumphius chose the job she did?
- Design a seed packet for one kind of flower. Include labels, pictures, and descriptions. Use words that would appeal to Miss Rumphius.
- Observe a flower carefully. Then do one or more of the following:
- Use a ruler to measure it.
- Write a careful description of the flower.
- Draw a detailed picture of it.
- Write a poem about the flower using descriptions related to several of your senses.
- Discuss the meaning of the word philanthropy (the giving or sharing of one's time, talent, or treasure of the sake of another or the common good). Talk about how philanthropy is related to the story of Miss Rumphius. Talk about ways that your family is/can be philanthropists with time, with talent, and with treasure. Here are some ways other people are philanthropic:
- Jerry and his mother spend every Thanksgiving at a local soup kitchen helping to serve meals to the homeless.
- Mr. Roberts' class goes outside once a week to pick up trash around a local neighborhood.
- Bobby gives half of his allowance each week to an organization to support homeless people.
- Sheila baby-sits for her little cousin once a week so her Aunt can study and finish college.
- Katrina and Troy visit an area nursing home once a month to visit the elderly residents and give them seasonal cards and decorations.
- Lakeside Elementary has a mitten and sock clothesline at school to provide new mittens and socks for homeless children


text:
Who Must Curtsy to Whom?
One of the most mystifying elements of royal protocol to us "commoners" is the proper way to greet the royal family and how they greet each other. While no one is under obligation to curtsy or bow to a member of the royal family, the rules are still put into practice in court settings, like when the family is at a state function or celebrating Christmas in Sandringham. If the royal family is in the mood to follow strict protocol, everyone must either bow or curtsy to the Queen. Then, according to order of precedence, the order of who bows to whom goes down in order of the Queen's sons (by birth order, so oldest first), then her grandsons, her brothers, her uncles, her nephews, and lastly, her cousins. However, as third in line to the throne, William is said to have gained precedence over the Queen's younger sons in recent years. Female members of the royal family are given lower rank than male members, and until recently, wives of the sovereign's sons are typically given higher rank than her daughters and granddaughters. However, now "blood princesses" are given precedence over women who have married into the royal family. This rule only applies when the woman's husband is present, otherwise she gets bumped on down the list. These rules go down from the Queen to the lowliest baronet and also determine how members of the aristocracy enter and leave a room during formal occasions.
So, for example, if Kate and William were at an event together with William's grandmother, parents, and Princesses Anne, Eugenie, and Beatrice, Kate would only curtsy to the Queen, Prince Charles, and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, while Anne, Eugenie, and Beatrice would curtsy to her. However, if William was not present for some reason, Kate would have to curtsy to everyone, including "blood princesses" like Eugenie, Beatrice, and Anne. Confused yet? Let's not even get into how lower-ranking members of the aristocracy come into play.


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Having large sucker-like structures that allow them to stick to vertical surfaces isn't the weirdest thing about the sucker-footed bat of Madagascar. The real mystery that surrounds them is that no one has ever found a female of the species:
"We have netted enough times and in enough different places at Kianjavato to be sure they are not there," Prof Racey told the BBC. "We have netted up and down the valley and not found anything.
"We have also found a new population nearer the coast 100km away, but all males."
At Kianjavato, the researchers have so far located 133 roosts of sucker-footed bats, which roost in the partially unfurled leaves of the so-callled Traveller's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis), a well-known plant in Madagascar that looks much like a banana tree.
Each roost contained between nine and 51 individual males.
"My research assistant Mahefa Ralisata emailed this morning to say she had just netted another 26 males at Kianjavato, no females," says Prof Racey.


text:
Wood is an excellent material for container gardens because it lets the plant roots breathe and it is relatively light weight. You can also make your own containers to whatever size you like. The wood will deteriorate after several years, however, so wooden planters are best used for shorter lived plants rather than trees or shrubs which you will keep planted for many years. Making your planter from redwood or cedar will make it longer lived, as these woods resist insects and wood rot.
Here are instructions for making a 12 x 12 x 12 inch planter. It can be easily modified to make whatever size planter you like: some suggestions for making larger or smaller planters are included at the end of this article.
Wood saw (hand or power)
note some hardware/lumber stores will cut wood for you for a small fee
Drill and 1/2 to 3/4 drill bit
T or L square (for making sure your corners are square and sides straight)
Miter box (for making straight cuts)
Workbench with vise or clamp (to hold wood as you cut or join together)
20 or more nails, 2 to 2 1/2" long (6d to 8d size)
8 or more nails, 1 1/2" long (4d size)
50 or more finishing nails
4 feet of redwood or cedar 2x2 board, cut to about 10.5 long (see Making the Base, below)
(note, these 2x2 will actually be about 1.5 x 1.5, as the wood is cut to 2x2 and then finished so that it is smooth)
8 1/2 feet of redwood or cedar 1x2 board (actually about 1/2 x 1 1/2), four cut into 12 long sections, four cut 13 long
4 feet of redwood or cedar 1x1" board (about 1/2 x 1/2") cut to 12" lengths
10 feet of redwood or cedar fence board, 6 wide, cut into ten 12 long sections
Making the Base
Measure the width of your 2x2 board. Cut four lengths, each 12 minus the width. For example, if your board is 1 1/2 wide, cut four lengths 10 1/2 long.
Lay out your four pieces so they form a 12 square, with one end of each length overlapping the next going around the square.
Nail the square together, using one 2 or 2 1/2" nail at each corner, going through the overlapping section into the board next to it.
Making the Bottom
Cut two 12 long sections of the fence board for the bottom of the planter. If the fence boards have the corners cut off the tops, you can use these pieces for the bottom since they won't show and they'll be supported by the base.
Lay these fence board sections over the base, matching up edges and corners. Use 8 of the 1 ½ inch nails to attach to the base, four for each board (two along the edge and one at each end). Note: you can use more nails if you like for a more secure fit.
Drill five 1/2 to 3/4 holes for drainage, one in the center and one near each corner.
Making the Sides
Place a 12 fence board section on one edge of the base, even with the bottom and corner, to form the start of one of the four sides of your planter. Place one of the 12 1x2 sections on top of it at the base, and nail through both boards to the base board using a 2 nail about 1 from the corner. Now hammer a second 2" nail through both boards to the base about 1 from the other edge of the fence board. Place a second fence board next to the first (and between the base and the 1x2) and hammer through both boards to the base in two places 1 from either edge, just like the first.
Turn over, and on the opposite side nail in two more fence boards to the base with a 12 1x2 section on top, using the 2" nails.
For the remaining two sides in between, hammer together as the first two but using the 13 long 1x2 sections, overlapping with the first two at the corners. Use finishing nails at the corners to secure the 1x2 to each other for a tight fit.
Finishing the Top
Using two of the 12 long 1x2 boards, nail them along the top outside edge of the fence boards using the finishing nails, above where you used the 12 long boards along the base. Nail the remaining 13 long 1x2 boards on the opposite outside edges, overlapping the corners. Use finishing nails at the corners to nail the 1x2 to each other, making a strong corner and a more finished look.
Note: placing a 2x4 or 4x4, a tool box, or something else substantial against the edge inside the container will make hammering the top and corners much easier.
Place one 1x1 section inside each corner for additional strength. Hammer at least two finishing nails per each side of the corners through from the outside into the 1x1, about 3" from the top and bottom.
You can paint or oil your planter box on the outside for a more finished look. Decorate it with rope or macramι cord tied around it, or add wooden cut-outs or flower decals available from craft stores. Experiment and make the container uniquely yours.
To Make a Different Size Planter Box
The same basic design can be used for smaller or larger planters.
For a small planter you can use 1x1 boards for the base and ½ x 1 for the edge boards, using smaller and shorter nails.
For a really large planter use 2x4 or 4x4 for your base boards and 2x4 for your edge boards, with 2x2 reinforcing the inside of your corners. You may want to use boards thicker than fence boards for your sides, or reinforce the sides with additional 2x4 in the middle and at the corners.


text:
Protocol.Love Recommended Accountability Process
Phase 1: Determining Accountabilities as a Council
Brainstorm as a group and write down each task that can be thought of that is needed to accomplish a given mission. Be sure to clearly define desired outputs for each task.
Phase 2: Relative Valuation of Accountabilities (RVA)
For each task in the list created in Phase 1, identify and/or create one or more Current-Sees that are relevant to reward the contributor, and place a general metric based on time/difficulty/expertise, and pioneering (honoring earlier contributions over later) required, that is relative to other tasks to be rewarded with the same Current-Sees.
Phase 3: Task Assignments
For each task in the list created in Phase 1, allow people to volunteer to participate in the completion of the task. If volunteers are not available, nominations should be made and accepted. Consider breaking tasks down, if needed, to avoid any potential conflict that could arise in determining RCP in Phase 5, Step 1.
Phase 4: Task Completion
Task completion is completing all open tasks
Phase 5: Task output review
- Relative Contribution Percentage (RCP): Determine a relative contribution of each contributor to the task, as a percentage, with all contributors present and in alignment.
- Quality Multiplier (QM): Determine whether outputs meet the specifications from Phase 1 and assign a multiplier which can reduce or enhance the RVA.
- Follow Current-See Assignment procedures specified in the CFA for the specified Currency, and assign to each contributor by multiplying the RVA, the RCP, and the QM.


text:
From Creatures Wikia
The Laokoon Statue COB was made by Stefan Kuske.
From the readme: Laokoon Statue for your norns. Once installed in your world it will affect all creatures in front of the statue with the following results:
- Need for Pleasure Decrease: 50
- Boredom Decrease: 50
- Fear increase (don't know why?!?!): +10
- Energy (because of some magical effects): +70