text:
Avoid the "dry lake bed" look
I'm guilty of this one as much as anyone else. We're all tempted to stage dinosaur scenes on featureless dry lake beds. Why? Because it's easier than dealing with foliage. But nature rarely looks like that. Usually every available piece of ground is covered with plant life. Unless you're actually setting the scene on a flat landscape, make the terrain uneven. Toss in a fallen log or some boulders. Give the dinosaur something to step over or to squeeze underneath. By giving your dinosaur something in the scene to interact with, you can convey tremendous realism.
Grab environment photos
Whenever you travel to places with Mesozoic plant types, take photos for future reference. Florida has palmettos and cypress swamps that look a lot like what you would have seen 100 million years ago. In other locales you can find ginkgo, redwoods, low ferns, tree ferns, and Araucaria. Take a variety of angles: closeups of branches, tree bases, rotting trunks, and swampy edges.
Add dino damage
Large animals in Africa are hard on plants, and dinosaurs would be no different. Look at photos of plants in Africa, where animals break off low branches, trample small plants, rub against the bark, or nip off all but the highest leaves. If you add dino damage on the plants and trees, you'll add a level of storytelling that will add naturalism to the whole scene.
Overlap the foreground
Overlap parts of the dinosaur's figure with foreground detail. This almost always happens in real life. The detail might be a branch, a rock, a clump of ferns, or another dinosaur. Don't show the whole pose in crisp detail. Throw parts of it out of focus. If the foreground element is close to the viewer, blur it a bit.
Add dappled light
If your scene is set underneath tall trees, most of the subject will be in shadow, with spots of dappled light filtering down from the canopy. You can use this effect to your artistic advantage by featuring the center of interest in strong light, and disguising the less important parts of the pose with dappled illumination. Remember that the size and blurriness of the dots of light increases as the ray of light travels farther from the source of the cast shadow.
Previous dino art workshop posts: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3
Previous GJ post on dappled light, link.
ImagineFX Magazine, link.
Cassowary image from Picasaweb, link.
Elephant damage, link.
Tomorrow: The last installment on vignetting


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The purpose of this society shall be to promote musical education with particular reference to the horn. In pursuit of its aims and purposes, the Society and its members:
- Hold and encourage workshops, lectures, and seminars open to the public.
- Publish a Journal consisting of materials appropriate to the horn, as well as periodic newsletters and membership lists.
- Encourage the awarding of grants and scholarships to competition winners.
- Encourage composers and arrangers to write music featuring the horn.
- Foster competitions for and the commissioning of new repertoire featuring the Horn.
- Establish and foster an Archives/Research Facility pertaining to the IHS.
- Establish close working relationships with music teachers.
- Present honors and recognition for distinctive service relating to the horn.
International Horn Society
PO Box 5486
Toledo, OH 43613
The International Horn Society recommends that HORN be recognized as the correct name for our instrument in the English language. [From the Minutes of the First General Meeting, June 15, 1971, Tallahassee, Florida USA]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Women with her head in her hands
Kill zombie nouns in three easy steps
Zombie nouns are one of the most common problems I see in non-fiction writing. By learning how to identify and replace zombie nouns, you'll instantly improve the quality of your writing. And your readers will thank you for it!
Nominalisations, or zombie nouns, are nouns formed from other parts of speech like adjectives or verbs. They are called 'zombie nouns' because they suck life out of speech — replacing words we understand with abstract entities we don't.
Academic, legal and government writing is often cluttered with zombie nouns. Here's an example of some writing with the zombies highlighted:
A recycling project investigation is being led by Council officials in partnership with relevant government departments. This investigation will be used for the preparation of a business case with the aim of securing the Council's approval at its next meeting. The business case will describe recycling-scheme affordability and household-collection feasibility. Subject to stakeholder feedback and Council approval, the project will proceed to implementation in the New Year. The project has good alignment with the government's waste-reduction priority. Risks to the project's achievement will be monitored during implementation through a risk-monitoring process.
By converting plain words and phrases into zombie nouns, the writer has created several problems:
 - The writing sounds pompous and abstract.
 - The writing is hard to understand.
 - The writing uses complex terms that may be understood differently by different people (even within the same organisation).
Have a look at your organisation's documents, manuals or websites to see if this problem exists where you work. If it does, don't worry — zombie nouns are easily fixed!
Step 1: Take a piece of writing and list all the zombie nouns you can find.
Step 2: List the corresponding verb or adjective that you used to make each zombie noun. Here's a list of the words from our example paragraph:
Zombie noun Original verb or adjective
Investigation To investigate
Preparation To prepare
Aim To aim for
Approval To approve
Recycling-scheme affordability Affordable (adjective)
Household-collection feasibility Feasible (adjective)
Feedback To feedback or to give feedback
Implementation To implement
Alignment To align with
Waste-reduction priority To prioritise
Achievement To achieve
Risk-monitoring process To monitor
Step 3: Rewrite your work using the original verbs and adjectives.
Here's the same example, but this time the zombie nouns have been replaced by their original verbs or adjectives.
Council officials and relevant government departments are investigating ways to improve recycling. They will then prepare a business case for the Council to approve at its next meeting. The business case will explain how to make recycling affordable and whether it's feasible to collect recycling from households. If the Council approves the business case, and stakeholders support the project, the Council will implement it in the New Year. The Government has prioritised reducing waste, and this project aligns with that goal. As the Council implements the project, it will monitor any risks that could prevent it achieving its objectives.
If you want help to banish the zombies from your writing, get in touch with me today.


text:
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Telekinesis is the ability to move objects using the mind. Alden Tate, John White (as the Beast) and the Dust Men Conduits have this ability. Cole MacGrath also possesses variations of this ability, though they rely on his mastery of Electromagnetism. Ice Crushers exhibit some form of Telekinesis, lifting ice spikes off the ground, and firing them at an opponent.
- Alden Tate used his abilities to lift a bus and throw it onto a rooftop. He also used telekinesis to create a large "Golem" armor for himself as he fought Cole MacGrath. He may have used the ability to fly or at least slow his descent when he fell off the bridge to escape Cole.
- Dust Men conduits can form metal around them to become metal "golems" granting them strength and durability. While fighting with this armor on, they can throw projectiles at a high speed, similar to a minigun, or use it to lift large objects and throw them at their targets.
- Additionally, Armored Conduits can make smaller Scrap Crabs, to aid them in battle.
- John White uses telekinesis to lift objects off the ground and pull them into a purple vortex in the palm of his hands, he can then throw this at enemies.
- Cole can use electromagnetism to lift up large and heavy objects, and throw them towards a target.
- "Anything for Trish" is the only mission where Alden is seen directly using his telekinesis without his Golem armor on.
- So far, only 2 main conduits have been seen using this ability; Alden and John. But there are conduits within the Dust Men who use telekinesis to hold their metal golem in place.


text:
In Oracle PL/SQL, OPAQUE refers to the abstract data types whose internal representation are maintained by Oracle. The opaque type available in Oracle is XMLType. The XMLType data is stored as series of bytes and Oracle does not expose this internal representation. There are separate methods provided by Oracle to access the OPAQUE data.
A table named XMLTEST of XMLType is created. A XML document is inserted as a whole (as a CLOB), whose internal representation is not known.
SQL> CREATE TABLE XMLTEST OF XMLTYPE;
SQL> INSERT INTO XMLTEST values
1 row inserted.
FROM xmltest i,
EXTRACT(i.object_value, '/Business/Location/Service/Basics/Attribute[Name="id"]'))) s

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Southfury River
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The Southfury River is likely Kalimdor's most prominent river. Beginning as a small stream in the highlands surrounding Mount Hyjal, it grows into a wide, swift-flowing river that forms the boundary between Ashenvale[95, 48] Forest and Azshara, and further south, the border between the Northern Barrens and Durotar, where nasty creatures known as crocolisks patrol the waters. The river empties into the Great Sea in a cascading waterfall just northeast of the goblin port town of Ratchet.
There are two bridges that span the Southfury River: one leading into the capital city, Orgrimmar, in the north and one that crosses from Durotar into the Northern Barrens more to the south.
In the Cataclysm, the river floods the southwestern part of Durotar. A goblin with a riverboat, Horton Hornblower, can also be found where the river empties near Ratchet.
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PSpice Optimizer is an optimization program used to improve performance of circuits including analog, mixed analog, and digital circuits. Optimization is defined as the process by which different design parameters are fine-tuned in order to see the expected or ideal performance. This program is able to run optimizations, explore performance tradeoffs and fit model parameters. A working design which does not have multiple states or cases is a prerequisite for this program. This is not intended for initial creation of working design.
PSpice Optimizer automatically simulates and calculates for the best option in an electronic working design. For instance, a user would like to check the best way by which he can drive a current of 1 milliampere through a diode using a 15 voltage source and resistor in a series circuit. The user can opt to do the calculations manually but this would be highly inefficient given the many options he could do to tweak and fine-tune the design. If the recommendation, which came up does not satisfy the user's needs, then he can still change the variable and parameters then recalculate. PSpice is able to perform optimizations for both constrained and constrained problems with either a single or multiple objective functions.


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: of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an axis
a: situated around, in the direction of, on, or along an axis b: extending in a direction essentially perpendicular to the plane of a cyclic structure (as of cyclohexane) —compare equatorial
Next Word in the Dictionary: axial angle Previous Word in the Dictionary: axiAll Words Near: axial
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What made you want to look up axial? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
Sequela (//; plural sequelæ or sequelae, Latin sequela, from sequi ("follow") is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, or other trauma. Typically, a sequela is a chronic condition that is a complication of an acute condition that begins during that acute condition. This is in contrast to a late effect.
Examples and uses
Chronic kidney disease, for example, is sometimes a sequela of diabetes, and neck pain is a common sequela of whiplash or other trauma to the cervical vertebrae. Post-traumatic stress disorder may be a psychological sequela of rape. Sequelae of traumatic brain injury include headache and dizziness, anxiety, apathy, depression, aggression, cognitive impairments, personality changes, mania, psychosis.
Other examples of sequelae include those following neurological injury; including aphasia, ataxia, hemiand quadriplegia, and any number of other changes that may be caused by neurological trauma. Note that these pathologies can be related to both physical and chemical traumas, as both can cause lingering neuron damage.
The phrase status post, abbreviated in writing as s/p, is used to discuss sequelae with reference to their cause. Clinicians typically use the phrase to refer to acute traumatic conditions. For example: "the patient had neck pain status post a motor vehicle accident".
- Traumatic causes of Tempormandibular Joints Disorder (dysfunction)
- James A Lindsey, Chronic Sequelae of Foodborne Disease, Emerging Infectious Disease, Vol 3, No 4, 1997.
|This article about a disease, disorder, or medical condition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Admixture analysis of stocked brown trout populations using mapped microsatellite DNA markers: indigenous trout persist in introgressed populations
Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2009
Admixture between wild and captive populations is an increasing concern in conservation biology. Understanding the extent of admixture and the processes involved requires identification of admixed and non-admixed individuals. This can be achieved by statistical methods employing Bayesian clustering, but resolution is low if genetic differentiation is weak. Here, we analyse stocked brown trout populations represented by historical (_PHONE_) and contemporary (2000s) samples, where genetic differentiation between wild populations and stocked trout is weak (pair-wise F-ST of 0.047 and 0.053). By analysing a high number of microsatellite DNA markers (50) and making use of linkage map information, we achieve clear identification of admixed and non-admixed trout. Moreover, despite strong population-level admixture by hatchery strain trout in one of the populations (70.8%), non-admixed individuals nevertheless persist (7 out of 53 individuals). These remnants of the indigenous population are characterized by later spawning time than the majority of the admixed individuals. We hypothesize that isolation by time mediated by spawning time differences between wild and hatchery strain trout is a major factor rescuing a part of the indigenous population from introgression.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: No match on DOI|


adjective di·verse \dī-ˈvərs, də-ˈ, ˈdī-ˌ\
: different from each other
Full Definition of DIVERSE
di·verse·ly adverb
di·verse·ness noun
Examples of DIVERSE
 1. His message appealed to a diverse audience.
 2. a diverse group of subjects
Origin of DIVERSE
First Known Use: 14th century
Synonym Discussion of DIVERSE
different, diverse, divergent, disparate, various mean unlike in kind or character. different may imply little more than separateness but it may also imply contrast or contrariness . diverse implies both distinctness and marked contrast . divergent implies movement away from each other and unlikelihood of ultimate meeting or reconciliation . disparate emphasizes incongruity or incompatibility . various stresses the number of sorts or kinds .
DIVERSELY Defined for Kids
adjective di·verse \dī-ˈvərs, də-\
Definition of DIVERSE for Kids
: different from each other : unlike
: made up of people or things that are different from each other
Next Word in the Dictionary: diversi-Previous Word in the Dictionary: divers All Words Near: diverse
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Ailurophobia, and 9 other unusual fears


text:
La Notre Dame
Educational opportunities go beyond the traditional classroom. Each semester all students participate in conversation tables conducted by native speakers. Our language clubs sponsor cultural events and provide service projects such as tutoring to local elementary and secondary school students. Some students gain work experience by serving as tutors, department assistants, or language laboratory monitors. Our junior-senior colloquium enables our French, German, and Spanish majors to meet together to discuss literary and cultural issues introduced by guest speakers.
Every spring a growing number of students are inducted into Phi Sigma Iota, an international honor society recognizing outstanding language students. Eligibility for the Delta Chi Chapter is based on five criteria: two courses completed at the 300 level or higher; a 3.5 GPA (approximately) in the studied language, departmental recommendation, committed enthusiasm for the study of language and culture as evidenced inside and outside the classroom and through the pursuit of international study, when possible, and class rank in the top 30%. Factors that will be taken into account for a positive departmental recommendation include no evidence of academic dishonesty, enthusiastic participation in events sponsored by the department, and perhaps a leadership role, such as effective FLTA mentor, conscientious student assistant, reliable lab monitor, tutor, and/or club officer. Seniors who are in their 2nd 300 or 400 level class are eligible to be considered for membership, with departmental recommendation.
Incoming freshmen who intend to major in languages are encouraged to compete for departmental scholarships. Information about our departmental scholarship can be found on our financial aid website.
Teaching assistants, who are native speakers of languages taught at Lycoming, help students with pronunciation and language proficiency. They also arrange readings and activities that engage students outside of a classroom setting with listening and learning about cultural practices of various countries. Below are photos from readings and events about Halloween and Christmas.
More photos about awards and modern language activities can be found in the photo gallery below.


you really don't own that
Those were my exact words to someone this week. Don't take this the wrong way, but you don't own them either.
For those of you who are thinking about hiring an architect, let me clarify an issue that often comes up when it comes to ownership of the documents or even the design. Actually what people are thinking is "what am I really purchasing?" Let's just say I actually had this discussion with someone a couple of days ago that sparked this discussion.
So who owns the documents? The answer is "it depends" because it comes down to contract law – and I can only answer if you have a contract. Moreover, I can answer based on how most architects operate. Does it matter?
Simply put, you as a client are buying a service from your architect (or in some cases a designer) and you are compensating them for their time and any other related expenses that go into them performing the duties necessary for your project.
 - You are not buying paper
 - You are not buying drawings
 - You are not buying a design
 - You will own the building though…
What you are paying for is a service that is part of a process that leads to a constructed building, space, or physical environment. Yes, much paper is exchanged and many sets of drawings are offered up on the altar of design. At some point – if your design goes through to construction – there is a set of drawings or there are sets of drawings used to give the proper information to the builder to build your project.
Think of it this way perhaps. You don't own the utensils or the recipe for the food you had at that restaurant. You don't own the surgical equipment, right to write prescriptions or tests from your doctor. You own the results. In this case, it is a building or some type of physical structure. You also own the sandwich you bought for lunch and that scar from your appendectomy.
Since the client does not own the drawings or the design, how does it work? The client is given a license to use the documents for their particular project. The license terminates when the project is complete. Yes, you can keep the building (that is as long as you pay your mortgage).
Many architects use the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Contract Documents. I use them for most projects. Some architects have crafted their own contracts (hopefully with legal help). For instance, the AIA Document B105-2007 Contract states in Article 3 Use of Documents:
"Drawings, specifications and other documents prepared by the Architect are instruments of the Architect's service and are for the Owner's use solely with respect to this Project. The Architect shall retain all common law, statutory and other reserved rights, including the copyright. Upon completion of the Project or termination of this Agreement, the Owner's right to use the instruments of service shall cease. When transmitting copyright-protected information for use on the Project, the transmitting party represents that it is either the copyright owner of the information, or has permission from the copyright owner to transmit the information for its use on the Project."
Other AIA Contract Documents have similar language that might be more specific.
Now there are cases, albeit rare, where a designer or architect might sell the documents and/or the design rights to the client for reasons they negotiate. It might be a prototypical design, the designer might be an employee of the contractor or the developer or some other unique situation where the person paying for the service is also the owner of the documents or the owner of the design. However in most cases that is not true.
Without a contract spelling out these terms, no one can predict how a court would resolve matters if something unfortunate were to arise. I am not a lawyer nor wish to be mistaken for one. But for those of us who are very careful in our documents, we make it clear that the ownership of the documents (which also means the right to USE the documents as well as the intellectual property – the intangible aspect of the design) remains ownership of the designer unless specifically negotiated otherwise.
This might not seem like a big deal to you, however, I suggest being careful about sharing drawings or aspects of the drawings that you got from your architect without their permission. You will find that in well written contracts the license to use the documents either terminates at the completion of the project or within a specific time after inactivity or the termination of the contract. The client is not permitted to take that same design to another design professional to execute it.
Drawing Screenshot
It all comes down to treating others the way you would like to be treated. We learned that in Kindergarten and Sunday School. When you don't, the legal trouble might be worse than missing snack time or nap time.
By the way, I'd also be careful how much you rip off from house designs online. (Did I say that out loud?). That came up in a telephone call this week too.
you really don't own that
7 thoughts on "you really don't own that
 1. ted rusnak says:
 Soooo, you haven't had your stamp cut out of a drawing, repasted onto some "design" you're not aware of and then have a building department call you to ask what the heck you're thinking?
 (I sued, I won).
 Or a client who adamantly refuses to sign a contract but wants the "rights" to the drawings….because they helped. This so they can build the single design in several different locations!
 (All conversations ended that day)
 I've made it a policy to spend as much time as necessary to ensure that every new client understands the obligations we have to each other and the responsibilities. It does take a lot of work to do what we do and most folks don't actually see even a small percentage of what we do.
 Thanks for at least broaching the subject. t
 2. Another great post Lee.
 I, like you, make no claim to being a lawyer, but it is my understanding that the act of committing an design to paper (or the computer screen) copyrights that design to the author. Regardless, it makes good sense to make that point clear with the clients.
 Regarding you last point, on the rare occasion i get called about doing a residential project, it is invariably by a contractor who has a client who already has "plans". They just need to have them "adjusted" slightly and maybe a couple of details. The first thing i always mention is that if they came from a plan service, i cannot work on them unless they purchased the plans with the copyright release. For some reason, i never hear back from them.
 3. I've never read this simple concept described so clearly. Kudos. All my agreements with clients spell out this "Instrument of Service" concept. But the public doesn't get it, since the meal you describe takes less than an hour prepare…the built project infinitely longer. By the time a client or builder gets peeved at our service, they have totally forgotten the notion that drove the relationship.
 4. Lee, One other way you can put that is when buying a book. You of course own the book but not the information that is with in it. You cannot take that information and go write another book. I would not suggest making copies of it and selling it either.
 5. arcadtect says:
 Excellent article. I constantly have to tell people we provide a service and they do no own the drawings or design (unless previously agreed upon in the contract)
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I've always been fascinated by low water crossings on Texas county roads, especially when riding my motorcycle and spring rains have the river running high, sometimes overflowing the road.
This particular crossing of the San Gabriel River is one of my favorites and for years I have wondered how to best capture its essence.
The June full moon gave it magic!
The San Gabriel River
Upstream from the low water crossing, the San Gabriel is the pinnacle of peace and tranquility, the pooling water with ducks & insects floating above and fish swimming down below.
Downstream, the hearty Spring rains transform it into a gushing torrent as the water passes through gaps in the concrete boundary and ever so gradually scours the rocks until they are smooth.
The June Full Moon, which is the lowest on the horizon, is the perfect way to bring a touch of magic to the scene. The moonglow transforms the dark night into a majestic moment in time.
Both are interesting pictures of the same place. Which do you prefer?
Our nearest neighbor, the Moon
After the Sun, our Moon is the brightest object in the sky, reflecting the light of our Sun. The amount of light that it reflects from the Sun depends on what "phase" it is in as it revolves around the Earth. One complete revolution around the earth is 29 ½ days and moon rise/set is about 50 minutes later each day.
 The good news is that it is reliable and predictable to determine when it appears and how bright it will be. That light will determine how many stars you can see… a full moon means fewer stars and a moon means more stars.
The Phases of the Moon
The phase of the Moon is determined the position of the Moon in relationship to the Earth and the Sun.
The Moon reflects sunlight and the phase indicates how much of that light is reflected back to the Earth.
🌑 New Moon is dark and always rises at sunrise
🌓 First Quarter is bright and rises near noon
🌕 Full Moon is the brightest and rises at sunset
🌗 Last Quarter is bright and rises near midnight
See more from timeanddate.com by clicking on the button below.
Now you know how to plan around what type of Moon you want to see.
Pick when you'd like to see a vibrant full moon lighting up the landscape, a delicate crescent sliver above or no moon at all so that you can see more of the stars.
Observe the Moon each night for a month and see how the light upon it changes.
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text:
Earthbank utilizes exclusively fish waste and wood waste in our operation. The fish waste consists of mainly farmed salmon offal (some wild) from processing plants and farm mortalities from net pens mainly on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. Earthbank also provides the transportation service to haul the waste to our composting site. The wood waste consists of sawmill waste (mainly fir and hemlock bark), ground up land clearing debris and a small amount of sawdust. All materials from the mills are clean and uncontaminated. Only uncontaminated land clearing debris is accepted at our composting site. All land clearing debris is processed (i.e. ground up) before being incorporated for composting.
The fish waste and wood waste are then blended together in a preset formula that can vary depending on the specific wood waste and other factors. The mixed material is then formed into a 'block' that
is capped with a mixed blend of wood waste and partially cured compost to provide a biofilter for odour control of what we refer to as a 'primary block'. As fish waste is brought onto our site, this process is repeated and added to the pre-existing block until it reaches a pre-determined size and/or period of time. Then a new primary block is started.
The primary block is then allowed to sit untouched for a minimum multi-month period depending on the time of year. Primary blocks are not handled at all from April to October. This is essential in order to minimize off-site odour especially during warm weather. The secondary blocks once turned out of 'primary blocks' are turned several times over the next 12 months. This activity can be highly variable, as to timing and frequency depending on time of year and weather conditions. For example, turning is kept to minimum during warm weather, or not done at all. If weather permits, turning of secondary blocks is more frequent in the early spring, or late fall.
The secondary blocks are then turned out into 'tertiary' windrows after approximately 1.5 years of primary and secondary block composting. These windrows can be turned frequently if necessary, as off site odour during this stage of composting is not a concern. The total number of turns can vary, however, there are a minimum of 15 turns before the material is screened for use. Temperatures above 55 degrees Celsius are routinely recorded in fish compost for long periods of time due to the active and high-energy nature of fish compost.
The "overs" from the screening of the finished compost are then recycled back into the active composting process through a variety of processes and functions that Earthbank utilizes to obtain 100 % recycling of all materials brought on site.


Raku Land
A file-rename tool inspired by Perl's File::Rename.
If you have zef, there are a number of options:
Additionally, since all there is here, really, is the executable bin/rrnm, you can just download that and use it.
The distribution only provides the rrnm binary. In general:
Some usage examples follow, all of which are to be run in a terminal where you have access to zef-installed binaries.
rrnm's/^a/b/' /a*
will rename every file / directory of the form /a to /b.
On the other hand,
rrnm -c='cp''s/^a/b/' /a*
will take every file of the form /a and copy it to /b. It will complain about not being able to copy directories among those (because the cp command behaves this way), but you can fix that with
rrnm -c='cp -r''s/^a/b/' /a*
You can even do the following in a git repo, to effect a regex-based git-mv:
rrnm -c='git mv''s/^(\d)/0$0/' [0-9]*
or equivalently, using lookahead assertions,
rrnm -c='git mv''s/^/0/' [0-9]*
That will perform a git mv on every file whose name starts with a digit, prepending a 0 (if you wanted to do this for some reason).
The --dry option just shows you the command that would be run. So in a git repo that contains files 1.txt and 2.txt (and nothing else starting with a digit),
would simply show you
git mv 1.txt./01.txt
git mv 2.txt./02.txt
in the terminal.
I use this all the time: first run what you think will work with --dry, then recall the last command and remove the --dry option.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I read a textbook on Quantum Groups by Kassel, and did not understand the following proof of well-definedness of $\Delta$ (comult.) and $\epsilon$ (counit) on $GL_q(2)$ and $SL_q(2)$: (pg 84)
The proof is sketchy and describes that to prove well-definedness on $SL_q(2)$, it suffices to show $$\Delta (det_q -1)=(det_q -1)\otimes det_q + 1\otimes (det_q -1)$$ (how?)
and $$\epsilon (det_q -1)=0$$
The part I don't understand is how to get the above two equations and how does that prove well-definedness.
Additional theorems that may help which are defined earlier are $\Delta (det_q)=det_q \otimes det_q$ and $\epsilon (det_q)=1$.
Sincere thanks for any help.
share|improve this question
do you understand how the bialgebra structure on $M_q(2)$ works? – mebassett Dec 17 '12 at 13:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
First, note that $SL_q(2)$ remains an algebra, because $M_q(2)$ is an algebra, and imposing the condition that $\text{det}_q = 1$ is the same as factoring out by the ideal generated by all multiples of $\text{det}_q -1$ (denoted by $I=(\text{det}_q-1)$. That it remains a coalgebra follows from the fact that $I$ is also a coideal, that is
$$\Delta(I) \subset SL_q(2) \otimes I + I \otimes SL_q(2)$$
We see that this is true from Kassel's computation of $\Delta(\text{det}_q -1)$. To get it, he just does the "add a copy, subtract a copy" trick. You should already know that $\Delta(\text{det}_q) = \text{det}_q \otimes \text{det}_q$. From the fact that the coproduct is linear you then have
$$ \Delta(\text{det}_q -1) = \text{det}_q \otimes \text{det}_q - 1 \otimes 1 $$
Doing the "adding and subtract a copy trick" we have
$$ \Delta(\text{det}_q) = \text{det}_q \otimes \text{det}_q - 1 \otimes \text{det}_q + 1 \otimes \text{det}_q - 1 \otimes 1$$
Then grouping like tensor products gives us Kassel's computation.
Since the coproduct was an algebra morphism before we passed to the quotient algebra, it remains an algebra morphism afterwards. You can verify this by writing down the appropriate commutative diagrams for $M_q(2)$ and $SL_q(2)$ and then linking them up with the canonical projection of $M_q(2)$ to its quotient. (If you need to verify this, I'd suggest you do it generally, with an any hopf algebra $H$ and quotient $H/I$ for a co/ideal $I$).
share|improve this answer
Sincere thanks! I don't get how Kassel computes $\Delta (det_q-1)$ though. Also, I don't really understand coideals. (my background is undergraduate, with highest level course being introductory galois theory) – yoyostein Dec 17 '12 at 16:26
I re-wrote it a bit more coherently, also describing coideals a tad bit more and explaining how he gets the computation. You should ensure you have a good idea of ideals and quotient rings if you don't have that already. coideals were described in ch3. I'm a 2nd year phd student and I find this hopelessly confusing myself. regards! – mebassett Dec 17 '12 at 22:09
a word of warning about kassel - it's a great book, but he tends to be a bit "over axiomatic" and it's a bit hard to see the forest through the trees sometimes. For instance, it's a lot easier to just compute $\Delta(\text{det_q})$ then to follow his chain of propositions. It helps to have a few other texts handy to cross-reference these things. – mebassett Dec 17 '12 at 22:15
thanks a lot! what other texts do you recommend? – yoyostein Dec 24 '12 at 13:19
I'm working through majid's "primer on quantum groups" (disclaimer: majid is my phd supervisor) along with kassel, and I have a few other texts handy, but they're harder for an undegrad to crack. feel free to email me about it, though. – mebassett Dec 28 '12 at 15:11
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text:
Subject: Our report concerns a large inter-mammary cutaneous Abrikossoff tumor on a 41-year-old female patient, which has prompted us to review the literature.
Case: It was a low pre-sternal skin tumor; CT-Scanning showed a homogeneous mass 5 cm high, 4 cm wide and 4 cm deep. Total tumoral included the right pectoralis major muscle aponeurosis. The skin defect was closed using a V-Y local plasty. Histologic examination revealed no sign of malignity.
Discussion: Abrikossoff tumors (or granular cell tumors) are rare ubiquity tumors locating preferably in ENT and oral cavity mucosa. They develop between 20 and 60 and more often concern women. They are overwhelmingly single and benign but on occasion multifocal or malignant. Immunohistochemistry points to a schwannian origin. Treatment is exclusively surgical. Skin closure is by direct suture, skin grafting or local plasty. The use of flaps is not advised as it may delay local recidivation diagnosis. The literature reports one single other case of chest wall location.
Conclusion: Abrikossoff tumors require complete exeresis and mandatory histological examination into possible signs of malignity. The risk of recidivation warrants long-term surveillance.


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FLAC: Social Welfare and the Protection Regime
This is a contribution from Saoirse Brady, FLAC's Policy & Campaigns Officer.
Asylum seekers and other persons seeking protection often appear to be excluded from Irish society. In fact, the Irish government has taken a number of steps to ensure that persons within the asylum and humanitarian leave to remain process cannot easily integrate into Irish society.
By introducing the policies of direct provision and dispersal, the government has added to this sense of exclusion for individuals seeking asylum or another form of protection. "Direct provision" is the scheme whereby asylum seekers and people seeking other forms of protection are given accommodation on a full-board basis with all their basic needs apparently provided for directly. Direct provision residents receive a weekly payment of 19.10 for an adult and 9.60 for a child, unchanged since its introduction in 2001. The dispersal scheme ensures that individuals who apply for asylum are dispatched to different parts of the country. Often they are removed from residential areas or big towns and sent to remote or rural locations. Transport is limited and given their meagre allowance, it is often difficult for them to leave their accommodation centres to socialise or interact with other members of Irish society. This obviously has implications for the social inclusion of direct provision residents. In its concluding observations to Ireland's first national report, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination noted it "is concerned at the possible implications of the policy of dispersal of and direct provision for asylum-seekers" under article 3, which prohibits discrimination.
Furthermore, the integration of asylum seekers and other direct provision residents does not fall within the remit of the Office of the Minister for Integration, set up in 2007.
In terms of social welfare law, the Habitual Residence Condition, introduced on 1 May 2004, has had an impact on people who live in direct provision accommodation. Before the introduction of the Condition, direct provision residents were entitled to certain social welfare payments, including Child Benefit, but since its introduction they no longer receive this payment. Child Benefit was used by parents in direct provision to provide essential items for their children, such as supplementing their diets. The removal of this universal benefit means that in many cases parents in direct provision can no longer afford to send their children on school trips or participate in extracurricular activities and this can further exacerbate the social exclusion of these already vulnerable children.
While the HRC was initially brought in to prevent "welfare tourism" from the EU accession States, it has clearly been used to stop asylum seekers from accessing any welfare payments outside of the Direct Provision Allowance or Exceptional Needs Payments. In June 2008, the Department for Social and Family Affairs issued guidelines which stated that no asylum seeker or person in direct provision could satisfy the Habitual Residence Condition. FLAC challenged this blanket ban through a number of appeals taken to the Social Welfare Appeals Office. FLAC argued that the relevant legislation did not in fact exclude any group from accessing the payments. The Chief Appeals Officer was asked by the Department to review a number of positive decisions where a direct provision resident was found to be habitually resident; he subsequently held that the legislation must be applied in the same way as in every other case. Each case has to be decided on its own individual circumstances. (For more information, see FLAC's briefing note at _URL_
It is important to note that asylum seekers are not permitted to work under the Refugee Act 1996. This further excludes this group of people from participating fully in Irish society and interacting with their peers. Apart from the financial repercussions of not being allowed to work, direct provision residents are unable to meet friends or acquaintances in the ways other people usually do.
According to statistics from the Reception and Integration Agency for September 2009, almost a third (32 per cent) of direct provision residents have been in the system for more than three years, 1290 (19 per cent) for more than two years and 1633 (24 per cent) for more than a year. Given the length of time people spend living in direct provision, it is unfair, if not cruel, to expect people not to integrate into the society around them during such periods of time. Children living in direct provision attend local schools and make friends there. Adults often volunteer with local charities or non-governmental organisations, as they are not allowed to take up paid employment. Residents form relationships with Irish people or with others who have made Ireland their home. It is natural that a direct provision resident will form some attachment to Ireland and feel that this is his or her new home if the length of time taken to determine his or her status exceeds a number of months.
The responsible authorities should take appropriate measures to ensure that individuals who seek asylum are not subjected to further isolation. Direct provision residents almost inevitably put down roots in Ireland. If a person is later granted permission to stay here and steps have been not taken to ensure his or her social inclusion both at national and local level, this may have long-term implications for the authorities who have to look after that person's well-being and for the well-being of society at large. Direct provision residents are here and living in Ireland; this reality should be acknowledged and people should be given the opportunity to feel a part of the society in which they live.
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How to Navigate Through a Train Station
Just last week I posted a tutorial about how to interpret your train ticket. The tutorial was specific to Italy based on the examples of my tickets and Italian, but can be modified and used throughout Europe! Same applies to navigating through a train station. All my examples are from my most recent trip to Italy, but apply to train stations all over the continent, and world.
To learn how to interpret your train ticket: Click here!
After you understand how to interpret your train ticket, you'll need to find your train! Train stations can be busy and overwhelming, but as long as you show up early (I recommend about thirty minutes) you should be good to go! Remember that it's ok to ask others around you for questions, and if you are unsure or confused, there is always an information counter. When traveling we have to let go of our pride and open our hearts up to learn. It's better to feel like you're asking a stupid question but make it to your destination versus missing your train because you were too scared/confused/proud to ask for help.
I know, I apologize, the clarity in the picture is awful. Zooming in on my cell phone didn't do me justice. However, this is the departure board. These are located all over the place in train stations. To find them, they are typically placed on the wall above train platforms and across from train platforms. You will need to look up. The information presented on these boards (from left to right) is the train company and train number (Treno), destination (Destinazione), departure time (Partenza), information on station stops (Informazioni), and platform number.
The departure screen in the middle with platforms 6 and 7 on the left side and platforms 8 and 9 on the right side
Now even though you arrive 30 minutes early, you often do not have a train platform until 10 minutes until departure. So, when looking at those big screens, it's important to look at the specific train number along with the destination and departure time. I have seen my same train number for a different destination and time, but that was because they re-use these numbers! Just be mindful and pay attention! Within two minutes of asking for help, the screen changed and showed my train number with the correct destination and time. The eye roll was worth the reassurance.
Once you find your platform number for your correct destination and departure time, you will want to make your way to the platform. The platforms are numbered and the walkways have access to only two trains. One on the left side and one on the right side. Pictured here, you can find platforms 12 (on the left) and 13 (on the right). You will wait here for your train to arrive. It is also important to find your assigned carriage, (listed above as carriage 8) if you have a scheduled ticket with assigned seating.
If you do not have a scheduled ticket, be sure to validate your ticket in the machine below, and sit in an open seat. The validation machine is located around the self service kiosks and train platforms. To validate your ticket, stick your ticket into the machine as far as it will go, and to the left as far as it will go. You will hear the machine stamp your ticket, and will see the stamp upon removal of your ticket from the machine.
Each platform provides the specific information for the expected train. In the image below, this is platform 5. The destination (Destinazione) is Viareggio, departing (Partenza) at 13:10 (or 1:10 pm). The train information (Treno) lists the train number as 21410 with the company Trenitalia. Additional information (Informazioni) shows the different station stops and their arrival time. For example, on the train to Viareggio, arrival at Pescia will happen at 14:11. Sometimes your personal destination is not the final destination of the train. That's why it is important to know your specific destination and arrival time, and pay attention while riding the train.
Now once you have found your correct train platform, double check. Look at all the important information on your ticket and check that it matches all the information on the platform screen. Does your departure date and time match? Does your train number and company match? Does your destination or informational station stops match? If they do-great-wait for your train! If they don't, simply walk back to the main departures board and look up the correct platform.
When your train arrives, if you have a scheduled ticket, you will have assigned seats. The assigned seats are listed next to the train number on your ticket and will show both the carriage (Carrozza) and seat (Posti). The carriage numbers are listed on the platform station and on the physical train. When boarding the train, be mindful that your carriage matches the carriage listed on your ticket and find your appropriate seat.
If you have a general ticket that is missing information on departure date and departure time, please validate and sit where there is an open seat. If at another stop, you are sitting in someone's assigned seat, you will be required to move.
So, to wrap up navigating a train station, you need to make sure you:
 1. Have your ticket
 2. Check the departure board for train number, departure time, destination, and platform number
 3. Find the appropriate platform number
 4. Double check that your ticket information matches the platform information
 5. Board at the correct carriage and sit in your assigned seat if traveling with a scheduled ticket
 5. Board and sit in an empty seat AFTER validating your general ticket
But most importantly, enjoy the journey!!!
How was this tutorial? Did you find it helpful? Are you feeling confident and excited to see the world? What information was not helpful or misleading? Please let me know, in the comments below, or feel free to contact me with the form on the main page!
3 thoughts on "How to Navigate Through a Train Station
 1. This is beyond useful I went from Naples to Rome very confusing train station. Thankfully made my train but if I read this before I went would have saved me tons of time and 47899 questions.
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At the end of the adventure, the gamemaster asks each player to make an experience roll for each skill successfully used and checked. An experience roll is a roll higher than the skill chance (a reverse of the normal procedure). The idea that as a character gets more highly skilled, it gets harder to improve. If the experience roll is higher than the skill, the player then rolls 1D6 and adds this total to the skill. For example, if a player is making an experience roll for a skill of 35%, any roll of 36 or greater is a success. If the player rolls a 36–00, add 1D6 to the character's existing 35% skill. A roll of 100 is always an improvement, even if the skill is higher than 100%.
A character can learn from a teacher with dedicated study and an adequate amount of time (decided by the gamemaster). At the end of that period, have the teacher attempt a Teach skill roll and a roll on the relevant skill to be taught. If the Teach skill is higher than the teacher's skill value, it is reduced to the skill's value for the purpose of instruction. If both skills are successful, the student character may make a successful experience check and check for experience as described above. This is subject to the gamemaster's approval and may involve money being spent, and a character cannot learn more than one skill at a time in this fashion.
When a skill has been successfully checked for experience, erase the current skill value and write the new total on the character sheet. Repeat this process for each skill checked successfully, until completed.
Generally, this is done at the end of a single adventure, though the gamemaster can allow for multiple chances for skill improvement for a longer adventure that provides several distinct 'downtime' periods where the characters can rest and reflect on what they have accomplished.
In the case of a long period—months at the least—between adventures, the gamemaster may also allow characters four 'free' experience checks of their choice, representing activities they undertook in this downtime. These checks are treated as regular experience checks and must be rolled to see if they result in actual skill improvement.


text:
An increase in expenses has led to the introduction of rationalisation in healthcare. With this comes the emergence of business operation analytics of each entity with a view to improve the business operations with unaltered quality of work. A hospital-based clinical laboratory is part of the healthcare system, but it can also be viewed as an independent unit. The goal of the clinical laboratory as a unit is the accuracy and reliability of laboratory tests. Today, the benchmarks of financial business operations are becoming more important; productivity evaluation, i.e. efficient business operations.
Laboratory business operation analytics provide us with an insight into a successful business performance. The increase in productivity of clinical laboratories relates to the technical development of the laboratory diagnostics, which can at first be viewed as an expense, because it requires a financial investment. The introduction of an IT system into the laboratory leads to a better control of work procedures, improvement of work organisation, saving time and subsequently affects productivity. The laboratory business operation analytics, as well as the financial cost-effectiveness of the investment can be seen by developing an economic model, i.e. model of a laboratory as an economic entity. The creation of the model of a laboratory as an economic entity implies the identification of revenues and expenses and their comparison in a specific time period, typically one year.
A sum that shows whether the laboratory performs its business operations profitably or not is obtained by comparison of total revenues and all expenses of the clinical laboratory. It is the starting point from where the measures for business performance improvement shall be taken.
The introduction of an IT system into the laboratory leads to a better control of work procedures, improvement of work organisation, saving time and subsequently affects productivity.
The goal of this study was the analysis of the clinical laboratory business operations as an economic entity over one year, as well as the analysis of business operations of the model, with a potential improvement and deterioration of business performance compared to the basic model. The models were made using SWOT analysis; the model of deterioration was based on weaknesses and threats, and the model of improvement on strengths and opportunities of the laboratory, as shown in one previous study.
Materials and Methods
Institution The institution chosen for this research was Clinical Laboratory of the General County Hospital (GCH) Našice, Croatia. It is a typical provider of laboratory services for all hospital in-patients, hospital outpatients, and patients referred from primary healthcare providers in the region. GCH Našice is a non-profitable institution funded from the State Budget of the Republic of Croatia through the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance (CIHI).
Profit and Loss Account The analysis of laboratory performance was carried out using the method of profit and loss account, which shows the profitability of the laboratory. The basic elements of the profit and loss account are revenues and expenses, and the difference between them represents profit or loss in business operations and proves profitability. The total revenues consist of the fees charged for the tests performed and the expenses are all expenses necessary for earning the revenues. The revenues and expenses are categorised.
Graded profit in the profit and loss account is shown using the contribution margin, gross profit, and operating profit. Contribution margin is total revenue less direct material expenses. Gross profit is the difference between total revenue and total production expenses. Operating profit with a positive number sign indicates profitable business operations, whereas negative number sign indicates unprofitable business operations.
Economic Sensitivity AnalysisEconomic sensitivity analysis was used to show how business operations may be altered by changing one or more parameters in the profit and loss account. Three models with changed operating profit as compared to the basic model were shown, i.e. the economic sensitivity analysis was performed, for which the data had been obtained through the SWOT analysis.
Results and Discussion
The profit and loss account for 2008 showed profitable business operations of the laboratory and the positive operating profit in the amount of 470,423 euro. Using the economic sensitivity analysis, three models with modified operating profit were developed:
- Reduced tests;
- Technological improvement (automation with informatisation); and
- Technological improvement with three employees less and additional tests.
Weaknesses and opportunities represent internal characteristics of the laboratory, whereas the strengths and threats are derived from the clinical laboratory environment, in other words the geographical surroundings in radius of fifty kilometers with 100,000 inhabitants.
In the reduced tests model, the number of tests was reduced for all specialist tests in outpatient services and none were performed for primary healthcare. The operating profit would amount to only 21,542 euro.
The technological improvement model, due to the expenses for automation and informatisation, would reduce the operating profit to 431,464 euro.
In the increased operating profit model, conditioned by the technological improvement that would facilitate the work with three employees less with simultaneous addition of tests, it would amount to 535,804 euro.
This research shows that the clinical laboratory GCH Našice performed its business operations profitably in 2008. Profitable business operations were shown in the profit and loss account, where the operating profit was positive and amounted to 470,423 euro. The profit realised in the clinical laboratory GCH Našice in the amount of 470,423 euro represents operational earnings that would remain to the owner of a business entity on the market.
The SWOT analysis tested the threats for the laboratory arising from its surroundings. The threat to the analysed laboratory is loss of patients, i.e. reduced tests, which could become real by the establishment of a new clinical laboratory in the radius of 50 km with 100,000 inhabitants. The establishment of such a laboratory, which could take over patients from the primary healthcare providers and provide specialist tests for outpatients, would decrease the operating profit to only 21,542 euro. In order to prevent such threats from becoming real, it is necessary to continuously develop the laboratory and to perform market research.
The technological improvement model that would introduce potential automation and informatisation showed the reduction in operating profit to 431,464 euro in comparison to the basic model. This reduction in the operating profit is actually the price for potential automation and informatisation, which is not high compared to its benefit, since the difference in the operating profit is only 38,959 euro. Regardless of the price, potential automation and informatisation significantly improve the quality of service. The inexistence of total automation and informatisation in the laboratory is a weakness that could become an opportunity, because it facilitates work with three employees less as well as performing additional tests. Those additional tests in the researched laboratory are the ones performed by other laboratories in the radius of approximately 50 km, such as medical examinations, physician's certificates or laboratory tests that are directly paid. If the potential to carry out additional tests, work with three employees less with automation and informatisation, as shown in the technological improvement with additional tests and three employees less model, were realised, the operating profit would increase to 535,804 euro.
Business performance could be improved either by augmenting the scope of work, connected with the expansion on new markets, which is a customary practice in the US and market-oriented states or by reducing the costs through monitoring the work procedures in detail. Constant development, monitoring of market demands and reduction in operating costs can certainly lead to the improvement in business performance of the laboratory, independent of its funding.
The risks of reduced tests amount to 448,881 euro, the potential to increase the profit 65,381 euro. Hence, the risk of the decrease in profit is seven times higher than the potential increase based on opportunities. In other words, the results showed a potential decrease in the operating profit by 95 percent, because it would be reduced from 470,723 to only 21,542 euro, whereas the potential increase in the operating profit could be only to 535,804 euro or 14 percent. In conclusion, reduced tests due to the establishment of a new clinical laboratory would have a significant negative impact on the profitability compared to the potential increase of profitability.
Such business analysis can result in positive financial breakthrough even in the institutions where primary health system function is not making profit. It clearly shows the need for basic education in economics and its implementation by managers in individual departments in the healthcare system. The profitability of any clinical laboratory can be increased using the analytics shown in this report and using the knowledge in economics.


RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Surface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituents JF Science Advances JO Sci Adv FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP eaay8973 DO 10.1126/sciadv.aay8973 VO 6 IS 8 A1 Wang, Chen A1 Collins, Douglas B. A1 Arata, Caleb A1 Goldstein, Allen H. A1 Mattila, James M. A1 Farmer, Delphine K. A1 Ampollini, Laura A1 DeCarlo, Peter F. A1 Novoselac, Atila A1 Vance, Marina E. A1 Nazaroff, William W. A1 Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. YR 2020 UL _URL_ AB Human health is affected by indoor air quality. One distinctive aspect of the indoor environment is its very large surface area that acts as a poorly characterized sink and source of gas-phase chemicals. In this work, air-surface interactions of 19 common indoor air contaminants with diverse properties and sources were monitored in a house using fast-response, on-line mass spectrometric and spectroscopic methods. Enhanced-ventilation experiments demonstrate that most of the contaminants reside in the surface reservoirs and not, as expected, in the gas phase. They participate in rapid air-surface partitioning that is much faster than air exchange. Phase distribution calculations are consistent with the observations when assuming simultaneous equilibria between air and large weakly polar and polar absorptive surface reservoirs, with acid-base dissociation in the polar reservoir. Chemical exposure assessments must account for the finding that contaminants that are fully volatile under outdoor air conditions instead behave as semivolatile compounds indoors.


text: Women's 1930s hats were small and simple in decoration, yet their shaping was a work of art. Folded, molded, and angled felt made hats look like something out of a Picasso painting. A small belt, bow or brooch was the only ornament on most women's '30s hats. The cloche had remained common into the 1930s but now had a rolled brim. In summer, a small straw plate hat or very large straw picture hat, some with fabric coverings, were in style. In winter knit berets, scarves and turbans kept heads warm and fashionable. Read about the history of 1930s women's hats with our article here.


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Search the collections
Victorian Women on Farms Gathering Collection
Image: Patch - Victorian Women on Farms Gathering, Warragul 1999
Source: Museum Victoria
Since 1990, Victorian rural women have met at annual events, Women on Farms Gatherings, to share common interests, exchange information, celebrate their contribution to their farms and communities, and support and nurture each other.
Each Gathering is linked by a tradition of sharing memories, symbolic icons, women's stories, workshops, rituals, farm tours, good food and fun. The meaning, identity and action expressed through these collective activities are often 'life changing' for participants and foster a deep sense of community.
These gatherings emerged as part of the 'rural women's movement' in Australia. This movement sought to raise the profile, opportunities and voice of rural women. The Victorian Gatherings were soon replicated in other states around Australia, and fed into the organisation of the world's first 'Women in Agriculture' conference held in Melbourne in 1994.
The Women on Farms Gathering Collection dates from the first Gathering held at Warragul in 1990 and covers the first 20 years up to 2009. The Women on Farms Gathering Collection is a community project involving the active participation of rural Victorian women in collecting, interpreting and sharing their histories.
A cow pat, mallee root and motherboard, are some of the 'icons' in the collection and offer a colourful and symbolic insight into the stories and experiences of rural women. These icons have been chosen by the organisers of each Gathering to symbolise and celebrate the leadership, unity, diversity and resilience of rural women. The collection also includes two large banners (one of which is used and altered at each Gathering), videos, photographs, a memorial plaque, memorabilia and a large collection of oral histories.
The collection has state and national significance. It highlights the diversity of rural women's experiences, documents the contribution of women to their farms and communities, the changing nature of agriculture and contemporary issues affecting the future of Victorian rural communities. The contemporary and collaborative nature of the collection has created important community links across rural and regional Victoria and has directly influenced the development of associated collections and research, including: toxic waste campaign, 2009 Victorian bushfires, water security, climate change, drought, sustainable agriculture, gender and demographic change.
The active involvement of rural women in the development of this contemporary collection has fostered new and exciting possibilities for museum practice and the history making process:
"...we are creating living history. This Heritage Project with Museum Victoria is the first time that the museum has ever attempted something like this, and to my knowledge it is one of the few things in a museum that I have ever seen, which hasn't had to die to be recognised, and I find that very refreshing." Ann Jarvis (Inaugural member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Kergunyah)
"Collecting, documenting and displaying these stories through the community partnership between Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Group and Museum Victoria is groundbreaking. It is a model for how institutions may reshape their role to work collaboratively with communities to better interpret and represent their place in Australian life." Kerry Wilson, Member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Violet Town)
History of Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings - What is a Gathering?
Women on Farms Gathering - Memorial Plaque
The Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Agreement
Women on Farms Gathering - The Perpetual Banner and Patches
Australian Rural Women's Movement - Timeline
Bibliography - Australian Women on Farms
Rural Women Gather Across Australia
Poetry and Song - The Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
1990 Warragul Gathering (Inaugural Gathering)
1991 Sea Lake WoFG
1992 Numurkah WoFG
1993 Tallangatta WoFG
1994 Glenormiston WoFG
1995 Swan Hill WoFG
1996 Ararat WoFG
1997 Bendigo WoFG
1998 Ouyen WoFG
1999 Warragul WoFG
2000 Yarra Valley (Healesville) WoFG
2001 North East (Beechworth) WoFG
2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) WoFG
2003 Yarram WoFG
2004 Horsham WoFG
2005 Benalla WoFG
2006 Hamilton WoFG
2007 Shepparton WoFG
2008 Berriwillock WoFG
2009 Warragul WoFG
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 1 - 10) 172 items
White ceramic mug given to participants at the Glenormiston Women on Farms Gathering in 1994. It is an example of the creative presentation of issues affecting rural women at the Gathe...Images: 1
Mug given to each participant of the 2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) Women on Farms Gathering in their Gathering Bag on registration. The mug is a very practical recurring ritual of the...Images: 1
Digital colour image of the Women on Farms Gathering banner, taken at the Horsham Women on Farms Gathering in 2004. The banner displays 15 patches (panels) that illustrate the Gathering...Images: 1
Royal blue scarf with yellow hand-painted wattle-like emblem on one end. This scarf was worn by the donor and by other members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising com...Images: 1
Blue polo neck shirt with logo. This shirt was worn by members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore blu...Images: 1
Silk scarf from the 2001 North East (Beechworth) Women on Farms Gathering. This scarf was worn by the North East (Beechworth) organising committee members as a form of identification. T...Images: 1
T-shirt from the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. This green t-shirt was worn by members of the Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering organising committee as a form of identifi...Images: 1
Calico vest worn by members of the 1998 Ouyen Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore this vest so that they could be easily...Images: 1
Strong pink cotton hat with 2004 Horsham Women on Farms Gathering label applied to crown. This hat was contained within the 'Gathering pack' that was given to participants as they arriv...Images: 1
Green handmade badge created for the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. Denise, Kylie & Yvette Kirk made these badges using a machine borrowed from the Tallangatta Hospital. Den...Images: 1


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You can obtain information about the current state of a channel including a list of unique user-ids currently subscribed to the channel and the total occupancy count of the channel by calling the hereNow() function in your application.
To call Here Now you can use the following method(s) in the AngularJS V4 SDK:
You can obtain information about the current list of channels to which a uuid is subscribed to by calling the whereNow function in your application.
If the app is killed/crashes and restarted (or the page containing the PubNub instance is refreshed on the browser) within the heartbeat window no timeout event is generated.
To call whereNow you can use the following method(s) in the AngularJS V4 SDK:
The state API is used to set/get key/value pairs specific to a subscriber uuid.
State information is supplied as a JSON object of key/value pairs.


text:
Door-to-door Collection Reduces Waste in Hernani, Spain: On the Road to Zero Waste Blog,
By | Other Worlds
Facing a nearly full landfill in 2002, Spain's Gipuzkoa Province proposed building two new incinerators. Citizen opposition was immediate and widespread. In response, some municipalities in the Province decided not only to reject the incinerator plan, but to implement an alternative to burying and burning. Usurbil was the first. This town of 6,000 people established a door to-door collection system of source-separated waste streams, including organic materials. In just six weeks, the amount of collected waste destined for landfills dropped by 80 percent. The resource recovery rate registered in the first year was 82 percent. In 2008, before door-to-door collection started, Usurbil was taking 175 tons per month to the landfill. One year later, the amount had dropped to 25 tons.
In May 2010, after two months of dialogue with the citizens to explain and solicit input on the new system, Hernani followed Usurbil's example. The municipality distributed two small bins per household, placed hooks to hang the bins and bags at the front of houses and buildings, removed the large containers from the streets, established waste segregation as mandatory, and launched door-to-door collection. Citizens began to place separated organics, light packaging, paper and cardboard, as well as non-recyclable residuals in front of their houses.
Each bin and each hook have a code that identifies the household that uses them. This allows the government to monitor separation in each household. If the collector identifies a stream that does not correspond to that collection day, s/he puts a sticker with a red cross on the bin and does not collect that waste. The information is given to the administration office, and the household receives a notice explaining why the waste was not collected. If someone misses the door-to-door collection, there are four emergency centers to drop off waste. There is also a drop-off site that takes bulky waste, electric and electronic devices, and other waste not covered by the door-to-door collection free of charge.
Hernani promotes home composting throughout the municipality. In rural areas, home composting is mandatory, and other streams are either collected door-to-door or taken to drop-off centers. Residents of the town can sign up for a composting class, request a home composting manual, and receive a compost bin for free. There is a phone line to get composting advice, and there are compost specialists who can visit households in need of assistance. People who sign up to compost at home receive a 40 percent discount on the municipal waste management fee. Source separation is clearly reflected in the material that Hernani takes to the compost plant, which consists of—on average—only 1.5 percent impurities (non-organics and other pollutants).
In the first full month of the door-to-door collection, the level of non-recyclable residuals dropped by 80 percent, and the total waste managed decreased by 27 percent. In 2010, the municipality landfilled 53.8 percent less waste than in 2009 (5,219 tons in 2009 and 2,412 tons in 2010), and door-to-door collection had only begun in May.
"Our state-of-the-art technology is the neighbors."
Communication and community participation have been key to the success of the program. A shared conviction that the use of incinerators was the worst option and that door-to-door collection was feasible and the best solution for Hernani supported the change. In the two months prior to the implementation of the new collection system, the government organized meetings to explain and revise the new system. As the mayor declared, "Our state-of-the-art technology is the neighbors. If the neighbors separate well, there is no need to build an incinerator.
The governments that have implemented door-to-door collection programs have promoted the creation of citizens' committees to monitor their implementation. Moreover, local Zero Zabor (zero waste) groups have emerged in these cities, building on earlier anti-incinerator movements. The different local groups are working together in Gipuzkoa Zero Zabor. In a few years, these volunteer activists have advanced the conversation from opposing incinerators to promoting an authentic zero waste strategy that focuses on preventing waste—through changes in design, production, and consumption—and recovering all materials discarded in a safe and sustainable manner.
Hernani joined other municipalities and groups opposing the incinerators and promoting the extension of door-to-door collection to the entire Gipuzkoa province. Despite the success of the door-to-door collection systems implemented so far, the construction of one incinerator in Zubieta is underway. Many municipalities in the region are reluctant to opt for zero waste strategies, and this threatens to undermine the progress being made in cities that use these strategies. However, after the municipal elections in July 2011, the political scenario changed.
The groups supportive of a five-year moratorium on the construction of the incinerator began to administer most of the municipalities as well as the provincial government. Given this context, it is likely that door to-door collection systems will continue to spread.
Waste Production in Hernani
In 2010, Hernani produced an average of 500 tons of municipal solid waste per month, and had a per capita generation of 0.86 kg per day, compared to 1.1 kg the year before. The recent economic crisis in Spain resulted in a general reduction in waste production in the country. The implementation of the new door-to-door collection system and the communication campaign about waste may have raised people's awareness about waste, leading to changes in buying behavior. Finally, the former system of large bins probably made it easier for people to put non-residential waste in the bins (for instance, construction and demolition waste), and the current system of individual bins makes it more difficult to do that.
Usurbil, Hernani, and nearby Oiartzun have reduced the residual waste per capita in a very short time, in contrast to municipalities where no changes in waste collection practices were made. The fourth municipality to adopt door-to-door separated waste collection, Antzuola, has reported that 90 percent of the discards collected are separated for recovery, and residuals represent only 10 percent of the total collected there.
Skeptics of source separation maintain that the costs increase prohibitively when moving from one-stream collection to a differentiated collection system. Although collection expenses do tend to increase in most cases, that is not the whole story: the differentiated collection increases resource recovery, which offsets disposal costs and creates a source of income through the sale of recyclables and organics. Usurbil compared the expenses of both collection systems for a full year and found the new system to be less expensive than the previous one. In the case of Hernani, the cost has increased slightly for the door-to-door collection at least in part due to the need to transport the organics to a distant plant.
It is also important to note that the door-to door collection and recycling system has the additional benefit of creating more jobs than waste management strategies that are based on mass burying or burning; the extra money required to support the system provides a significant boost to the local economy. In total, 16 jobs were created in Hernani by door-to-door collection.
So far Usurbil, Oiartzun, Hernani, and Antzuola have begun implementing door-to-door collection of source separated waste, all with great results. Both governments and community groups are showing the positive changes produced by these strategies in terms of sustainable materials management, pollution prevention, and the local economy. Moreover, what they are showing is that a community-based waste management system can bring impressive results in a short period, if only governments dare to lead the way and count on their citizens.


Hautvillers, cradle of Champagne
Literally meaning "High Village," Hautvillers lies at the top of the hillsides of the Marne Valley. It was at the height of the Middle Ages that Archbishop Saint-Nivart established a Benedictine Abbey here that would continue to prosper until the Revolution.
Dom Pérignon arrived here in 1658 as acéllérier, a monk in charge of Abbey finances. He will mark the history of Champagne forever by revolutionizing production techniques along with other monks.


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I wonder what interesting and non-trivial examples of density Ramsey theorems with explicit asymptotics are there?
I'm aware of two examples: Szemerédi's theorem and density Hales-Jewett theorem.
Let me try to formalize what I mean by "density Ramsey theorems". I'm interested in statements of the following type: for every $k \in \mathbb{N}, \alpha > 0$ there exists $n_0 = n_0(k, \alpha)$ such that if we have a collection of $n \geq n_0$ objects, then whatever $\alpha n$ objects we take there are $k$ among them that form a "nice" structure. Collections and niceness are problem-specific of course: in case of Szemerédi's theorem they are $\lbrace 1, 2, \ldots, n\rbrace$ and arithmetic progressions, for Hales-Jewett — $[k]^d$ and combinatorial lines, respectively. I'm particularly interested in theorems where the dependence $n_0 = n_0(k, \alpha)$ can be made explicit.
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Since there no definitive answer, shouldn't this be community wiki? – Benoît Kloeckner Nov 19 '11 at 12:40
_USER_ sure, I just forgot about it – ilyaraz Nov 19 '11 at 14:09
3 Answers 3
Fix $\epsilon>0$. Every subset $A$ of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ with $|A|\geq \epsilon n$ contains a centrally symmetric subset $E$ (in other words, there is a $c$ with $E-c=c-E$) with $|E|> \alpha \epsilon^2 n$. The optimal value for $\alpha$ isn't known, but there are reasonably close upper and lower bounds. Greg Martin's paper, with some coauthor or other, isn't the state of the art, but it's the source that sticks in my mind.
Personally, I prefer the continuous statement: every subset of $[0,1]$ with measure $\epsilon$ contains a centrally symmetric subset with measure $0.6\epsilon^2$. And the the "$0.6$", while not best possible, cannot be replaced with "$0.9$".
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Kostas Tyros spoke in the Toronto set theory seminar just yesterday about a density version of the Halpern Lauchli Theorem. Actually he spoke about a finite version of the density theorem, and the density version is due to P. Dodos et. al. from 2010 I believe.
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A nice example is Sárközy's theorem on squares among differences.
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text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods,,,,,, and.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|
|Engelse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|


You Are Here > SR/Olympics > Winter Games > 1932 Lake Placid > Speed Skating
Speed Skating at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games
1932 Winter Games: Previous Winter Games ▪ Next Winter Games
Host City: Lake Placid, United States
Date Started: February 4, 1932
Date Finished: February 8, 1932
Events: 7
Participants: 42 (32 men and 10 women) from 6 countries
Youngest Participant: CAN Herb Flack (18 years, 220 days)
Oldest Participant: JPN Tomeju Uruma (29 years, 58 days)
Most Medals (Athlete): 4 athletes with 2 medals
Most Medals (Country): USA United States and CAN Canada (5 medals)
Lake Placid had hosted its first major speed skating competition in 1919, with the Eastern Outdoor Championships, won by local skater Charlie Jewtraw, who went on to become Olympic Champion in the 500 m at the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924. Since then, many records had been set on the ice of the town's Mirror Lake. For the 1932 Games, a $150,000 stadium was built with a capacity of 5,000. A hockey rink was placed in the centre of the track, and matches were played between and during skating races.
Only six countries entered the speed skating events: Canada, Finland, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the host nation. However, the economic depression was not the only reason for the small number of participants. On 25 May 1931, the International Skating Union (ISU) had approved the use of the North American "pack style" system for international tournaments, as had been proposed by the American and Canadian federations. This style featured competitors starting in small groups, not unlike modern-day short-track speed skating. This meant races were decided on tactics, rather than time alone, as is common in the "Continental" style.
Quintuple Olympic Champion and reigning World Champion Clas Thunberg had experienced the North American rules first hand in 1926, and knew the North American tactics were superior. According to his auto-biography, he sent a private letter to the Norwegian federation, suggesting an alliance, but the Norwegians rejected this. (It should be pointed out, that Thunberg's biography was entitled Alone against all of Norway.) He then decided to stay away from Lake Placid, too. Both Sweden and Finland eventually sent only a single skater, compared to four skaters from Japan, which made its Olympic speed skating debut. The Dutch federation decided not to send a delegation because they did not think their skaters would stand a chance under the mass-start rules. The Norwegians did go, and even held special trials in the North American format. In the 10000 m race, Ivar Ballangrud skated 16:46.4, which was well below the current World Record of 17:17.4.
Thunberg's fear of North American domination proved correct, as US skaters won all four events, and only two medals were not taken by Americans or Canadians. In addition, controversy surrounded the events. Obstructions and violations of the rules were noted in all events, culminating in a four-country protest before the start of the 10000 m. During that competition, the results of the heats were annulled and eventually re-skated. European skaters and media spoke of a farcical affair, all skating events being decided in the last laps, regardless of the distance. The New York Times commented:
> "It was Mark Twain who once remarked that 'people often complain about the weather, but no one ever does anything about it'. In like fashion, the Europeans have been complaining about the American style of speed skating, but no one has offered a real solution."
Two-fold Olympic Champion and local boy Jack Shea suggested that a compromise might be reached by conducting the sport in several lanes, like in athletics. Nothing ever came of his suggestion.
Two weeks after the Olympic skating races, the World Championships were held at the same rink. In the absence of Olympic champions Shea and Jaffee, the Norwegians won all four individual races and the first three overall places, while the North Americans were well down in the standings. At the next ISU congress, the use of North American rules in international competitions was removed from the rule book.
Amidst all the controversy, female skaters made their Olympic debut. Three events for women had been added to the program as demonstration events, following the ISU's 1931 recognition of female skating records over 500, 1000 and 1500 m. Only American and Canadian women participated, but the races were of a high level. Winners [Jean Wilson], [Elizabeth Dubois] and [Kit Klein] posted times faster than the active World Records. Because these events were held in pack style, their times were never recognised as records. There were 10 female competitors in the events, five from Canada and five from the United States. Women would not compete in Olympic speedskating again until 1960, when it became a full medal sport.


text: The use of information across populations is an attractive approach to increase the accuracy of genomic predictions for numerically small breeds and traits that are time-consuming and difficult to measure, such as male fertility in cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate genomic prediction of Jersey bull fertility using an across-country reference population combining records from the United States and Australia. The data set consisted of 1,570 US Jersey bulls with sire conception rate (SCR) records, 603 Australian Jersey bulls with semen fertility value (SFV) records and SNP genotypes for roughly 90,000 loci. Both SCR and SFV are evaluations of service sire fertility based on cow field data, and both are intended as phenotypic evaluations because the estimates include genetic and nongenetic effects. Withinand across-country genomic predictions were evaluated using univariate and bivariate genomic best linear unbiased prediction models. Predictive ability was assessed in 5-fold cross-validation using the correlation between observed and predicted fertility values and mean squared error of prediction. Within-country genomic predictions exhibited predictive correlations of around 0.28 and 0.02 for the United States and Australia, respectively. The Australian Jersey population is genetically diverse and small in size, so careful selection of the reference population by including only closely related animals (e.g., excluding New Zealand bulls, which is a less-related population) increased the predictive correlations up to 0.20. Notably, the use of bivariate models fitting all US Jersey records and the optimized Australian population resulted in predictive correlations around of 0.24 for SFV values, which is a relative increase in predictive ability of 20%. Conversely, for predicting SCR values, the use of an across-country reference population did not outperform the standard approach using pure US Jersey reference data set. Our findings indicate that genomic prediction of male fertility in dairy cattle is feasible, and the use of an across-country reference population would be beneficial when local populations are small and genetically diverse.


text:
::= when +, yield +, ::= ::=
when x < y, y < z yield x < z when p /\ q yield p, q when \A e (e \in s1 <=> e \in s2) yield s1 = s2
A deduction rule can be applied to a formula or rewrite rule if there is a substitution that matches the first hypothesis of the deduction rule to the formula or rewrite rule. The result of applying a deduction rule with one hypothesis is the set of formulas obtained by applying the substitution(s) that matched its hypothesis to each of its conclusions. For example, applying the second example to 1 < f(x) /\ f(x) < 2 yields two formulas, 1 < f(x) and f(x) < 2. Likewise, applying the third example to x \in s <=> x \in (s \U s) yields the formula s = s \U s.
The result of applying a deduction rule with more than one hypothesis is the set of deduction rules obtained by deleting its first hypothesis (i.e., the one that was matched) and applying the substitution(s) that matched this hypothesis to the remainder of the deduction rule. For example, applying the first example to the formula a < b yields the deduction rule
On the other hand, applying the logically equivalent deduction rulewhen b < z yield a < z
to the same formula yields a different result, namely,when y < z, x < y yield x < z
when x < a yield x < b
When applying deduction rules, LP produces the strongest valid conclusions by changing, when appropriate, variables in the conclusions that do not occur freely in the hypotheses. For example, applying the deduction rule
to the formula P(f(y)) yields the result Q(f(y), y1) and not the weaker result Q(f(y), y).when P(x) yield Q(x, y)
The results of applying a deduction rule are given the default activity and immunity, as established by the set command.
LP maintains the invariant that all active deduction rules have been applied to all nonimmune formulas and rewrite rules in the system.
To display the deduction rules that LP currently has available for use, type display deduction-rules (or disp d-r for short).
See formulas for a list of deduction rules that are hardwired into LP. See also partitioned-by.