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Bowflex Elliptical Machines
Nautilus Inc. offers a series of fitness training equipment under the brand name Bowflex, designed to meet a variety of fitness needs. Since releasing their first product, Bowflex 2000X in 1986, the company has manufactured a wide array of equipment ranging from smart activity trackers to elliptical machines, cardio machines, and home gyms.
What is a Bowflex elliptical machine?
Elliptical machines, sometimes known as cross-trainers, are stationary fitness machines that mimic the motion of walking, running, jogging, or stair climbing. This Bowflex equipment helps users get their daily dose of cardio, and it is designed to help reduce the amount of stress you put on the joints. Bowflex elliptical machines are available for a variety of users, ranging from athletes looking for a HIIT machine to beginners who need to protect their joints.
What are some common features of ellipticals made by Bowflex?
A few of the features found on ellipticals made by Bowflex are listed below.
- Variable Resistance: These Bowflex machines often have more than 20 resistance levels. As users increase the resistance, they will feel a noticeable increase in the difficulty of their workout. Bowflex M3 offers 8 resistance levels, whereas, Bowflex M7 has 20 computer-controlled resistance levels.
- Multiple workout programs: Ellipticals manufactured by Bowflex come programmed with a set of built-in workout programs, like Calorie Burn, Fat Burn, and 15 Minute Intervals. Users can automate inclines with these different workout programs. Users can also create customized workouts with their own individual resistance profile.
- 22-Inch stride length: These ellipticals come equipped with a 22-inch stride length.
- Pedal cushioning system: These machines are ergonomically designed with a pedal cushioning system. The pedal cushioning system allows users to adjust their machines pedal angle, which accommodates users with specific needs. This feature can also be used to promote muscle activation, adding intensity to a workout session.
- Maximum control: Bowflex machines come with multi-grip handlebars, which can give users better control over the display.
- Burn rate console: To meet weight and exercise goals, its essential that users have all the important statistics at their fingertips. The Burn Rate console allows users to check stats ranging from heart rate to calories burned while they exercise. These machines also provide chest strap for wireless heart rate monitoring during workouts.
- Synchronizing capabilities: Bowflex synchronizes with iPhones and Android devices to provide users with detailed updates on their progress.
- Bluetooth compatible: Bowflex machines are Bluetooth compatible allowing a wide range of applications.
Content provided for informational purposes only. eBay is not affiliated with or endorsed by Nautilus.


This Shamanic feather wand was handmade in Mexico. It's made with palo santo, turkey feather and clear quartz crystal. A sacred grounding tool that connects with the spirit of air. This want can be used for many different things depending on the ritual or ceremony. Uses include:
 - Clearing negative energies in while smudging
 - Summoning clear communication from your guides, ancestors or higher self
 - Connecting to the bird spirit animal as a form of lesson to rise above obstacles through wisdom and inner gnosis.
Shamanic Feather Wand {Handmade}


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Contact: Sonia Furtado
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Caption: This electron microscopy image shows Gemmata obscuriglobus. This and other PVC bacteria, the EMBL scientists discovered, have membrane-coat proteins associated with the membranes of sub-cellular compartments like the one shown in green, in which vesicles can be seen as dark green regions. The bacterium's DNA is colored purple.
Credit: Rachel Melwig & Christine Panagiotidis / EMBL
Usage Restrictions: EMBL press and picture releases including photographs, graphics, movies and videos are copyrighted by EMBL. They may be freely reprinted and distributed for non-commercial use via print, broadcast and electronic media, provided that proper attribution to authors, photographers and designers is made. High-resolution copies of the images can be downloaded from the EMBL web site: _URL_
Related news release: Membrane-coat proteins: Bacteria have them too

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Hi all.
I have the following setting: $A, B$ are $\mathbb{Z}$-modules (in my case, $B$ is free and finitely generated) and i have a $\mathbb{Z}$-bilinear map $\phi:A \times B \mapsto \mathbb{Z}$. Now i want to do an "extension" of scalars, meaning that i take an arbitrary commutative ring $R$ with unit ($\mathbb{F}_p$ for example), then there is a unique $R$-bilinear form $\Phi : (A \otimes R) \times (B \otimes R) \mapsto \mathbb{Z} \otimes R$ satisfying $\Phi((a \otimes r), (b \otimes r')) = \phi(a, b) r r'$.
The question now is: if $\phi$ is perfect (meaning that the maps $A \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(B), a \mapsto \phi(a, \cdot)$ and $B \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(A), b \mapsto \phi(\cdot, b)$ where $d_R(\cdot) = Hom_{R}(\cdot, R)$ are bijective), is this also true for $\Phi$ with $R$ in place of $\mathbb{Z}$?
I already know that non-degeneracy alone is not sufficient, if we take a lattice $L = \mathbb{Z} x$ and the bilinear form $\phi(x,x) = p$ and then tensor with $\mathbb{F}_p$, this gives $\Phi(x \otimes \overline{1}, x \otimes \overline{r}) = p = 0 \mod p$ so that $\Phi$ is degenerate.
The result was true if $A, B$ and $R$ were vector spaces over a field (see the reference in Optimal reference for tensor product of symmetric bilinear forms?) but does this generalize to the module setting?
Best and thanks,
Fabian Werner
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As long as your $B$ is free and finitely generated, $A$, being isomorphic to $d_{\mathbb Z}(B)$, is also free on the same number of generators. Fix free generators $a_i$ for $A$ and $b_i$ for $B$. Perfectness of $\phi$ will make the matrix with entries $\phi(a_i,b_j)$ have determinant 1. That determinant will remain 1 after you extend scalars, and so $\phi$ will remain perfect.
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Aw, yes, this is certainly true... But what happens if none of them if finitely generated, does it still remain true? – Fabian Werner Jan 11 '12 at 18:34
_USER_ : There are counterexamples : take $A=\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$ and $B=\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$. The pairing $A \times B \to \mathbf{Z}$ given by $(a_n),(b_n)\mapsto \sum_{n \in \mathbf{N}} a_n b_n$ is perfect (surprising, but true, see here : _URL_.pdf). After tensoring with $\mathbf{F}_p$ the pairing becomes $\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \times \bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \to \mathbf{F}_p$ which cannot be perfect because of dimension reasons. – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 10:51
Since Francois cited a paper on which I'm a co-author, I should point out that this paper is not the original source for the result but merely quotes it. The perfectness of that pairing is, as far as I know, due to Ernst Specker in 1950. (Reinhold Baer had related results earlier, but I don't think he had this one.) Also note that this perfect pairing becomes imperfect when tensored with any field, for the same reason Francois gave. – Andreas Blass Jan 12 '12 at 16:34
Thanks for the precisions. Also relevant is the previous MO post mathoverflow.net/questions/10239/… – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 17:08
Hmm, i wonder what happens when they are general $R$-modules ($R$ not necessarily a PID), then one does not have the notion of a determinant because the Gramian matrix is not necessarily a square matrix, right? – Fabian Werner Jan 24 '12 at 16:45
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Riemannian geometry
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Riemannian geometry is a branch of mathematics, first defined by Bernhard Riemann in the nineteenth century, which gives a way of describing the geometry of multidimensional objects. It was used by Einstein to describe the geometry of space-time; his Theory of General Relativity would have been impossible without it. (TNG: "The Nth Degree")
Wesley Crusher studied a Riemannian tensor field in Ten Forward in 2366. (TNG: "The Vengeance Factor")
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OTTAWA -- The panel of medical experts advising the federal government on vaccination now says that the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines can be given up to four months after the first, if Canada wants to maximize the number of people being immunized.
Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has issued new guidance advising that the window between shots for all three of the currently approved vaccines—Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca—can now be considerably extended, while still being effective.
"NACI recommends that in the context of limited COVID-19 vaccine supply, jurisdictions should maximize the number of individuals benefiting from the first dose of vaccine by extending the interval for the second dose of vaccine to four months," said the advisory body in a new statement posted online.
"Extending the dose interval to four months allows NACI to create opportunities for protection of the entire adult population within a short timeframe. This will not only achieve protection of the adult population, but will also contribute to health equity," reads the new recommendations.
Based on the expected supply of the two mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, approximately 80 per cent of the eligible population could be offered a COVID-19 vaccine dose by the end of June, if the four-month interval is implemented this month, leaving second doses to begin being administered in July.
NACI says it's come to this conclusion after considering evidence from recent scientific studies, despite them not having collected four months of data on vaccine effectiveness.
"The first two months of real world effectiveness are showing sustained high levels of protection," said NACI. "Extending the interval between doses was shown to be a good strategy through modelling."
For example:
 - Based on the findings of two available clinical trials of Pfizer and Moderna's vaccines, the efficacy against a symptomatic COVID-19 infection begins as early as 12 to 14 days after the first dose, and both vaccines showed an efficacy of 92 per cent up until the second dose; and
 - Data from an AstraZeneca clinical trial indicated that delaying the second dose by at least 12 weeks resulted in a better efficacy than when there was a shorter interval between doses.
While the guidance remains that everyone should take both doses of these two-dose vaccine regimens as effectiveness will still be higher with both, by extending the time between, more people will both directly and indirectly benefit by increasing the population's immunity to COVID-19.
These recommendations are an evolution from NACI's previous advice in regards to the Moderna and Pfizer shots, which allowed a delay in administering second doses for up to 42 days. Earlier this week NACI advised that the newly-approved AstraZeneca two-dose regime should be given 12 weeks apart.
This advice is in contrast with what Health Canada's authorization of these vaccines initially indicated: that the second Pfizer dose was to be delivered around 21 days after the first, that the second Moderna shot was to be given around 28 days after the first, and that the AstraZeneca second dose should be given between four and 12 weeks after the first.
Some provinces, including Quebec and British Columbia, have already shifted their vaccination campaigns to allow longer windows between doses based on the effectiveness of the first doses indicated to date, while other provinces have indicated it's something they are looking at adopting.
The immunization experts who make up this advisory body say they will continue to closely monitor the effectiveness after one dose and the decision around the timeframe between shots will be based on that surveillance and could change again.
NACI's advice are recommendations and not rules, allowing provinces to continue to tailor their vaccination rollout campaigns to fit the pandemic reality in each region and determine how to administer each vaccine based on the number of doses available and demographics they are prioritizing.
However, NACI is considering this a "strong" recommendation, stating it should apply "to most populations/individuals and should be followed unless a clear and compelling rationale for an alternative approach is present."
Should this guidance be heeded, it would increase the number of people who would be able to receive their first shots by using up all doses that come into Canada each week, rather than holding back second doses from the same shipment. Instead, plans would need to be made to ensure that the doses in coming shipments are set aside for people's second shots when the time comes.
With the federal government signalling that tens of millions of vaccine doses will be coming into Canada over the months ahead and that the overall vaccine campaign could be completed earlier than September, it's unclear what the metric for "limited" supply is.
"By implementing an extended four month interval strategy, Canada will be able to provide access to first doses of highly efficacious vaccines to more individuals earlier which is expected to increase health equity faster. Canada has secured enough vaccines to ensure that a second dose will be available to every adult," read the NACI recommendations.
Ahead of NACI's updated guidance, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that the federal government has been monitoring the patchwork of approaches across the country—all informed by science and health experts—with the focus on delivering vaccines "in the most rapid and most effective way to keep people safe to get through this pandemic quickly."
"Obviously we're seeing some of the science shift, some proposals put forward which are very, very interesting, which could result in rapider timelines," he said.
Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Theresa Tam signalled on Tuesday that this new advice was coming down, following shortly behind NACI suggesting not to administer AstraZeneca's vaccine in individuals aged 65 years and older, due to "the insufficiency of evidence of efficacy in this age group at this time."
"As the science of COVID-19 vaccination continues to evolve, expert advice is being adapted to maximize the benefits of all of the authorized vaccines," Tam said.
How long immunity lasts after someone has been fully vaccinated "is currently unknown," NACI notes.


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We are working on an improvement to a project that requires users to enter their state, city, and street to get a result back based off what they entered. The current model asks users to freeform type their state, city, and street into a text field, which often results in faulty data due to typing error.
To improve the quality of data we collect, we want to implement a system that allows users to select their state, city, and street from our database instead of them entering the information freeform. The selections would be progressively filtered, i.e. after the user inputs their state, the cities are filtered so that selections only include those in the selected state, and same with streets depending on city+state. The catch is that our database is not exhaustive, but we are constantly updating. This means some users' cities and/or streets won't be listed as a selection.
In a usability test, we vetted two options: dropdown menus and jQuery autosuggest. Unfortunately, neither proved to be optimal:
- Allows users to input their information regardless of whether or not it's in our database
- Would not be a vast departure from our current freeform text field entry model
- Still allowed for freeform entry which resulted in a lot of bad data input
Always resulted in quality data input
Dropdowns are a convention across the web and our testing participants explicitly noted this point.
Exception handling, that is when a user's desired selection is not listed, did not get noticed by users. Our exception handling process was to place a button next to the dropdown that read "City not listed? Click here to enter it now." If the button is clicked, the dropdowns change to text fields and users then type in cities/streets not listed as selections because they weren't found in our database.
Since the users couldn't find their city/street in the dropdown, and couldn't find the button, they got frustrated and would select a city/street that was close to theirs, which we obviously don't want since it's not accurate.
My question is: are there any options we're missing here? The fact that our database is incomplete doesn't help our situation, but are there other ways to collect quality data in a situation where the database is incomplete like ours?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Final Silent "e"
If a word ends in a consonant followed by a silent "e", drop the "e" before endings beginning with a vowel, but keep the "e" before endings beginning with a consonant:
- engage becomes engaging but engagement
- care becomes caring but careful
- fate becomes fatal but fateful
- scarce becomes scarcity but scarcely
Written by Dorothy Turner


Pythagorean dates
The numbers that make up today's date—12, 16, and 20—form a Pythagorean triple. That is, 12² + 16² = 20².
There won't be any such dates next year. You could confirm this by brute force since there are only 365 days in 2021, but I hope to do something a little more interesting here.
The Mathematica function
 PowersRepresentations[n, k, p]
lists the ways to represent a number n as the sum of k pth powers. Calling PowersRepresentations[21^2, 2, 2] shows that there is no non-trivial way to write 21² as the sum of two powers; the only way is 0² + 21². You might try using the whole year rather than the last two digits, but there's no non-trivial way to write 2021 as the sum of two powers either.
The paragraph above says that no Pythagorean triangle can have hypotenuse 21 or 2021. But could there be a Pythagorean date next year with 21 on one of the sides?
If the components of a date correspond to sides of a Pythagorean triangle, and one of the sides is 21, then the day must be on the hypotenuse because all the month numbers are less than 21, and that day must be greater than 21.
Let's look for Pythagorean triangles with a side equal to 22, 23, …, 31 and see whether any of them have a 21 on the side.
The Mathematica command
 For[d = 22, d <= 31, d++, Print[PowersRepresentations[d*d, 2, 2]]]
This tells us that the only numbers from 22 to 31 that can be on the side of a Pythagorean triangle are 25, 26, 29, and 30.
The number 21 does appear in the list: (20, 21, 29) is a Pythagorean triple. But if the 29th of a month were a Pythagorean date next year, it would have to be the 20th month. Since we only have 12 months, there won't be any Pythagorean dates next year.
The number 22, 23, and 24 can't be written as sums of squares in a non-trivial way, so if there's a Pythagorean date in the next few years it will have to be with the day of the month on the side. We can see from the output above that (7, 24, 25) is a Pythagorean triple, so the next Pythagorean date is 7/25/24, and the next after that is 7/24/25. And the next after that will be 10/24/26.
Incidentally, there is an algorithm for counting how many ways a number can be written as the sum of k squares, and it is implemented in Mathematica as Squares[k, n]. If you run SquaresR[2, 441] it will tell you that there are four ways to write 441 as the sum of two squares. But all four of these are trivial: (0, 21), (21, 0), (0, -21), and (-21, 0). Because every square can be written as the sum of two squares analogously, a return value of 4 means there are no non-trivial solutions.
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Appendix B
Unattended Vehicles Statutes
Ten States have laws prohibiting adults from leaving unattended children in motor vehicles. Two States have laws specifically related to injury or death caused by leaving a child in a vehicle. Thrity-Eight States have no laws specifically protecting children from this vehicle occupancy neglect. Legislators have proposed bills addressing this issue in twelve of these States. Existing State statutes are listed found below:
Cal. Veh. Code § 15620 (2004)
Leaving a child unattended inside a motor vehicle prohibited
 1. Where there are conditions that present a significant risk to the child's health or safety.
 2. When the vehicle's engine is running or the vehicle's keys are in the ignition, or both.
dollars ($100)


text: Purpose: Correlation of body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma is not well documented. Hence, we studied the association between survival and pretreatment BMI in glioblastoma patients. Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, only patients with histopathology-confirmed glioblastoma were included. Their BMIs were calculated from height and weight measurements and recorded in medical records at their first examination. Treatment plans for all patients consisted of concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide, followed by maintenance therapy with temozolomide. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the mortality risk associated with BMI as a continuous and categorical variable. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 was classified as normal, 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m 2 as overweight, and ≥30.0 kg/m 2 as obese. Results: Data from 392 patients treated from January 2008 through June 2016 were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 48.6 months, the median OS was 13.5 months in normal subjects, 15.4 months in overweight subjects, and 15.1 months in obese subjects. A total of 81% of the patients died. The hazard ratios for overweight and obese patients were 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.92; P =.009) and 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.98; P =.04), respectively, when adjusted for age, Karnofsky performance score, and extent of resection. Sex, diabetes, and hypertension had no significant interactions. Conclusions: Patients with elevated BMIs had significantly better OS in our series of patients. The mechanism of this interaction needs to be explored further to understand this association. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.


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Certificate in Election Administration, Technology and Security (CEATS)
The purpose of the Certificate in Election Administration, Technology and Security (CEATS) at Ball State University is to
1) professionalize interest in election administration primarily within the state of Indiana,
2) provide instruction on operations of Direct Record Electronic voting system (DRE), Optical Scan voting system (OPSCAN) and Electronic Poll Book (ePBs),
3) instruct on DRE, OPSCAN and ePB troubleshooting,
4) information technology and security basics,
5) election personnel training and management,
6) election law and
7) election day reporting.
Election Administrators are expected to be proficient in a number of diverse areas including human resources, poll worker training, election and procedural law, budgets, physical space management, organizational communication, public relations, information technology, and cybersecurity. This diversity is not traditionally captured in any one single educational or training program.
A Certificate satisfies an unmet need of being able to house these domains of knowledge in one educational experience. With changes in the laws and technology associated with elections in the United States after 2000, a need has emerged to provide education in the area of Election Administration. The Certificate Program in Election Administration, Technology and Security aims to fill an unmet need within the state of Indiana.
Those who successfully complete the program will receive a certificate suitable for framing signed by the Indiana Secretary of State, the co-directors of the Indiana Election Division, the certificate program directors, and the President of Ball State University.


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The Arctic Ocean exports mercury to the Atlantic Ocean
Several mercury assessments carried out by different teams indicate that there would be a net export of mercury from the Arctic to the Atlantic, via Fram Strait, the only deep link between these two oceans. However, these estimates were too approximate because they were not based on observations.
Following their previous study on the export of mercury to the deep Arctic Ocean (_URL_ scientists1 led by the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) have been working on this issue.
Thanks to new data acquired during the two GEOTRACES oceanographic campaigns in 2015 and 2016, they were able to establish a new mercury balance. They estimated that mercury concentrations were higher in waters leaving the Arctic via the East Greenland Current than in those entering via the West Spitsbergen Current. They calculated that 43 ± 9 tonnes/year of Hg were transported to the Arctic Ocean, while 54 ± 13 tonnes/year were exported to the Atlantic Ocean. This new balance sheet therefore shows that the Arctic Ocean exports about 18 tonnes/year of mercury to the Atlantic Ocean, 40% of which is in the form of methyl mercury.


The sharing economy is boosting economic empowerment for women in Jordan
Only 15 percent of women are engaged in the formal economy in Jordan. This is due to many factors including cultural and societal norms, difficulties in finding transportation to job sites, safety concerns on public transit, and the cost and availability of child care. The collaborative sharing economy is making economic participation easier for these women who are now able to engage in economic activities from their own homes.
Gig economy platforms effectively use technology to make these jobs more accessible to women, while apps allow their location to be known to alleviate safety concerns. The time-specific nature of many jobs, such as an hour of babysitting or three hours of tutoring, also clarifies where and when work is taking place, so women's families are more comfortable with their commitments. Lastly, specified rates for tasks and time help ensure women are being paid fair wages for their labor.
These online platforms allow women to build reputable brands and establish effective user interfaces. It helps legitimize their businesses and connect them to customers.
Women from all different occupations are using the sharing economy to their advantage in Jordan. Hairstyling, child care, home maintenance, and tutoring are just some of the industries where women are becoming more empowered with the help of modern technological tools.
In a country where women have a particularly difficult time finding fair wages and safe work, the gig economy is providing a path to labor equality and empowerment for women across Jordan.
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Tech Articles
How Flight Works: The Technical Perspective
How Flight transfers data to or from cloud object storage
Signiant Flight performs simple point-in-time mirroring, or one-way file synchronization. It can execute both uploads to the cloud (on-premises storage is the source, cloud object storage is the destination) and downloads from the cloud (cloud object storage is the source, on-premises storage is the destination).
The basic sync paradigm is that when a new file appears at the source, it is copied to the destination. If the file already exists at the destination (same name, size, and modified time/date), it is not transferred. If a different file with the same name exists at the destination, it will be overwritten with the source file.
Operationally, this means that when files are modified at the source, the destination files will be automatically updated when the transfer command is executed. Functionality is included for transferring individual files (which can be renamed upon transfer), multiple files, and an entire directory structure.
To provide maximum performance and flexibility, instances of the Flight server software are running in a number of different locations around the world for both AWS and Microsoft Azure. Maximum speed is achieved by ensuring that the Signiant cloud servers are located as close as possible to the customer's cloud storage tenancy.
It is important to note that transfer speed is optimized by using the Signiant SaaS Transfer Server instances closest to the cloud side of the transfer, not the on-premises side. The Signiant protocol will address any latency issues between on-premises storage and the cloud data center, so there's no need to minimize that network distance. The goal is to configure the Flight system so that data lands on a Signiant server in the same region as the cloud storage tenancy, making the final multi-stream HTTPS hop as short as possible.
The Flight utility
The Flight utility provides IT professionals with the ability to choose which cloud transfer server is used, allowing for trade-offs in system design. The domain name associated with the target Flight server (actually a set of load-balanced auto-scaling servers) is specified in the transfer command.
A list of server domains is available on the Signiant Support website, and for optimal performance the server domain in the same region as the target cloud storage should be specified — for example US West for Amazon. Additional domain names with less geographic specificity can be defined for use in the event that the primary servers aren't available.
For example, if the second server domain is set to US Amazon, servers elsewhere in the US will be used if US West is unavailable. There is also the option of using a global domain name, which via DNS will resolve using geolocation to the set of currently available servers closest to the client side of the transfer — thereby providing redundancy at the expense of transfer speed.
The ability to choose an optimal Flight server, combined with the fact that Signiant technology removes the problem of distance-related latency, provides customers with significant flexibility in the design of global cloud systems. For example, a customer in Latin America might choose to buy cloud storage located in the U.S. where it is much less expensive — and Flight will ensure that upload performance doesn't suffer. An American company might want to locate sensitive European customer data in a cloud data center that is within the EU, and again Flight will ensure that access times are not negatively impacted by this strategy.
The functionality noted above is all executed via CLI commands on the client side. Customers can have as many instances of client-side software deployed around the world as they wish, and each client can be separately configured for transfer details and server location. For a central view of their Flight deployment, customers have access to a web-based console as illustrated below. This console allows for configuration of system-wide elements such as storage accounts and keys, and provides detailed insight into utilization.
Flight's System Architecture
The core Signiant file movement protocol can transfer large data sets between the storage on the customer's network and the cloud up to 200x faster than mechanisms such as FTP or other TCP-based approaches. But in addition to acceleration, Flight also provides other cloud-specific features to increase the speed of data movement into and out of cloud object storage.
In order to achieve end-to-end accelerated transfers into cloud object storage, the data must be moved in two pipelined stages.
It is first transferred via the Signiant acceleration protocol from the on-premises location to a server in the cloud data center, and once in the cloud it is split apart and written to object storage via multiple parallel HTTPS streams. This two-stage transfer process must be carefully orchestrated in order to achieve maximum speed.
A full Flight deployment is shown in the system architecture diagram below.
The part of the architecture where the actual movement of the data occurs, via the pipelined mechanism as described above, can be referred to as the 'data plane' or 'data layer'. In the diagram below, the green section and the lower blue section constitute the data plane, where the data moves from the customer's on-premises storage into cloud object storage.
Signiant file transfer software is required at both ends to handle the data movement. Flight client-side software is installed by the customer on a server at the on-premises end of the transfer. This client software is CLI-controlled, and can be used either stand-alone or in conjunction with pre-built Upload and Download workflow components for Signiant's Manager+Agents.
At the cloud end of the transfer, in the center blue section of the diagram above, no customer involvement is needed — there's no software to deploy or VMs to procure and manage. A key part of Flight's differentiated value is the fact that the cloud compute resource and server-side software in the data plane are delivered by Signiant as a SaaS offering.
Flight customers are provided with access to Signiant's patented multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS, which provides the data transfer in a highly available, load balanced, auto-scaling manner. At periods of peak utilization, more servers will automatically spin up to accommodate the extra load, spinning down again when traffic decreases. Throughput will never be reduced due to high customer traffic, and there is no extra charge for an increase in the number of transfer servers managing the data movement.
The blue section at the top of the diagram represents the last part of the Flight architecture, the functionality that orchestrates the entire system and can be referred to as the 'control plane' or 'control layer'. This, too, is a multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS operated by Signiant on behalf of their customers. Via the Internet connections shown by the blue lines, this part of the system serves the web interface for the management console, coordinates the transfers themselves, and collects data for billing and tracking purposes.
In summary, a Flight deployment is a complex, distributed system — but most of the complexity is abstracted away from the customer by Signiant. Both the control plane SaaS and the data plane SaaS for Flight are fully-managed solutions where all the backend technical tasks such as load balancing, redundancy and failover, server management, and software upgrades are administered by Signiant.


Tolkien Gateway
Revision as of 15:16, 3 July 2010 by KingAragorn Bot (Talk | contribs)
aha is a noun meaning "rage" in Quenya.
PQ *akhâ from Root *AKH.
In the First Age, aha was pronounced acha.
Aha is also the name of the eleventh letter of the Tengwar alphabet. In Westron it was called Shé and it had the value of sh in Mannish modes.
The original name of Aha was Charma and in Quenya it had the value "ch". Over time the "ch" in Quenya softened to "h" at the beginning of words and the letter, now called Acha, was only used in the middle of words where ch still retained. Still later the "ch" sound disappeared altogether and the letter name as well became Aha.
In Sindarin, Aha still refers to the "ch" sound. In Westron the letter is called Shé and has the value of "sh".


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A question we often get asked here at Lifetime by women considering adoption is "how much will my child know about me as they grow up?" It's entirely up to you to decide what type of contact you want with the adoptive family and your child. In an open adoption, you and your child's adoptive family can have some contact throughout the years. This can vary from letters and photos to visits once or twice a year. You may wish to write a letter or send photos to your child, letting them know how you made this decision out of your love for them. This letter can be given to your child when he or she is old enough to understand.
It is important that the adoptive family have access to your medical records/history for your child's medical reference in the future. You can pass on any info about yourself and your life to your child's adoptive parents. Your child will know that this decision was made in order to give them the best future possible.Read More


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Giant or Queensland grouper
Giant or Queensland grouper or groper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) feeds on spiny lobsters, fish, including small sharks and batoids, and juvenile sea turtles and crustaceans.The Grouper has a large mouth and a rounded tail. The young have irregular black and yellow markings. Adults are green-grey to grey-brown with mottled markings. There are small black spots on the fins. The Queensland Grouper grows to about 3m and 600kg. The largest Queensland specimen on record weighed 288kg. It is one of the largest bony fishes living on coral reefs.It has a curious nature and will often approach a diver at close range.The male Queensland Grouper reaches sexual maturity when it is at least 129cm long.It is often found in shallow waters but has been caught at depths of up to 100m. It is found in caves, on coral reefs and around wrecks. Both young and adults can be found in estuaries.The Grouper is the largest of all coral reef dwelling bony fishes in the world.In Australia it is recorded from the southern coast of Western Australia, around the tropical north and south to the southern coast of New South Wales.


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Launch Process Framework Administration
The Process Framework Administration tool is used to manage Session Manager (available with ArcFM and Designer) and Workflow Manager (available only with Designer). It is a standalone application and not available in ArcMap or ArcCatalog. Open the Process Framework Administration tool on the Start menu: Program Files | ArcFM Solution | Process Framework | Admin.
- Click the Connection button to expand the Login screen and view the database connection information.
- Select a database path and server, depending on your DBMS
provider. Process Framework Administration supports Access, Oracle,
and SQL Server.
The sample SessionManager.mdb database is part of the ArcFM Solution installation. If you are using Workflow Manager, the sample file is WorkflowManager.mdb. Both files are located in the ArcFM directory: ArcFM Solution\Sample Data\Databases. WorkflowManager.mdb is available only if you have a license for Designer and have installed Workflow Manager.
The ArcFM Solution supports two types of login authentication: database and operating system. Database authentication requires the user to enter their user name and password when logging into an ArcFM application. Operating system authentication uses the user's Windows login name and password. If you wish to use operating system authentication, your Windows user name and password must be valid for the selected Process Framework database. Authentication does not impact Access geodatabases.
- Select the "Log in using operating system authentication" checkbox if you wish to use your Windows login user name and password. This field is disabled if you have an Access database selected.
- Enter your user name and password. If you are using operating
system authentication, these fields will be disabled; skip to the
next step. The dialog is not case-sensitive. If you are connecting
to an Access database, only a user name is required. If you are logging
into a secure Access database, enter the correct user name and password
for the database on the Process Framework Admin Tool login screen.
The login user must have read/write permissions to the Process Framework
tables. The sample data requires that you log in as the PROCESS user.NOTE: If you are using a secure Access database, the *.mdw file must have the same name as the Process Framework database and must be stored in the same directory.
- Click OK.NOTE: If another user is logged in to the Process Framework Administration tool, you will receive a warning message like the example that follows. If multiple users make changes concurrently, the last user to save modifications will override all other changes.


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I have this little problem bothering. The question goes like this:
A ray enters an equilateral glass prism of refractive index 1.55 at the midpoint of one side of the prism at an angle of inceidence of 35 degrees.
a. Sketch this arrangement and show that the angle of refraction of the light ray in the glass is 22 degrees.
b. Show that the angle of incidence where the light ray leaves the glass prism is 38 degree.
c. Calculate the angle of refraction of the light ray where it leaves the prism.
2. Relevant equations
n= Sin i/Sin r
3. The attempt at a solution
I am able to do a. For b this is my working:
1.55=Sin i/Sin 22
But I obtained 35.5 degrees. Can anyone please explain where I am going wrong?


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The R.E.D.E. to Communicate® Model
Cleveland Clinic developed the R.E.D.E. to Communicate® model as the cornerstone of our clinician communication training program and the conceptual framework for effective communication in healthcare relationships. This nationally-recognized program acknowledges that there is no exact recipe for meaningful communication. Instead, it applied evidence-based communication skills to three phases of Relationship: Establishment, Development, and Engagement — giving clinicians a framework to apply to any conversation.
Multiple studies have shown that relationship-centered communication skills can be improved with effective training, and that effective communication improves medical outcomes, safety, patient adherence, patient satisfaction, and clinical satisfaction and efficiency. Ensuring effective clinician-patient communication is the right thing to do for our patient.
In today's healthcare environment, it's common for clinicians to face challenges including limited time for patient interaction, increasing medical complexities, and competing expectations. To help meet these challenges, the R.E.D.E. to Communicate® model includes advanced topics designed to deal with distinct challenges such as:
- Communicating to Patients with Pain
- Delivering Bad News
- Maximizing Health Outcomes Through Motivational Interviewing
- R.E.D.E. to Round®
- R.E.D.E. to Communicate® : How to Build Trust & Save Time
- R.E.D.E. to Communicate® : How to Show Patients You are Listening
- R.E.D.E. to Communicate® : How to Enhance Patient Comprehension and Collaboration
Courses & Events
The R.E.D.E. to Communicate® : Foundations of Healthcare Communication course introduces clinicians to the R.E.D.E. to Communicate® model of relationship-centered communication and how it applies to any clinical practice. This peer-led course is grounded in evidence-based practices, adult learning theory and experiential learning.
Did You Know?
Every clinician can use relationship-centered communication skills to forge a positive, empathetic relationship with the patient and their loved ones — whether in the minutes before an operation of over a lifetime of helping a patient deal with a chronic illness.


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Abdul Razak, I.; Jaafar, N.; Mat Nor, G. (1989) The causes of tooth mortality of permanent teeth in a Malaysian population. Journal of the Irish Dental Association, 35 (1). pp. 39-41. ISSN 0021-1133
The reasons underlying the need for extraction of 2765 permanent teeth carried out over a 6 month period in the Out-patient Clinic in the Dental Faculty, University of Malaya, was investigated. The present study showed that dental caries (67.4) is the leading cause for extraction followed by periodontal disease (19.6). Caries accounted for the highest proportion of extractions up to the age of 50 whereas periodontal disease becomes the major factor beyond this age. The highest frequency of extractions carried out was between the ages of 21-30.
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Family Support Center
Where Lives Are Transformed
A joint project of the Imperial Heights Community Church and Pacific Southwest District Church of the Brethren based on the following statement: "We believe that as Christians we are committed to 'non-violent peacemaking' in the home, in communities, in the nation, and around the world'.
We feel strongly and are addressing pressing concerns within our community on issues such as:
- Seeking solutions through promoting literacy for both Children and Adults.
- conflict education as an alternative to violent attitudes and acts.
- Dialogue and interchange solutions toward multiculturalism breakdown.
Our aggressive efforts are towards a safe environment for all who desire to embrace the love and follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. We are actively involved in:
- Community Outreach
- Conflict Mediation / Resolution
- Community Forums
- Neighborhood Meetings
Keeping Youth Focused and Out of Trouble
Summer Employment / entrepreneurial opportunities
Board Meetings: (TBD)


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NMBD onset in the larynx and orbicularis oculi precedes the adductor pollicis by 1-2 mins. It appears that differences in regional blood flow may account for differences in NMBD onset and offset – thus, muscles such as the diaphragm, masseter, and laryngeal muscles (which receive relatively high amounts of blood flow) have both a faster onset and a faster recovery.
NBMD Recovery – Diaphragm, masseter, and laryngeal muscles, orbicularis oculi: rapid – Adductor pollicis: delayed
The orbicularis oculi accurately predicts intubating conditions. Maximal laryngeal relaxation occurs just as the adductor pollicis becomes noticeably weak.
Complete return of neuromuscular function should be achieved at the end of surgery unless post-operative ventilation is planned. The effectiveness of reversal agents depends directly of the degree of recovery present when they are given. Ideally, they should be given only when 4 twitches are visible, preferably measured at the adductor pollicis. The presence of spontaneous ventilation is not a sign of adequate neuromuscular recovery. The diaphragm recovers earlier than the much more sensitive upper airway muscles, such as the geniohyoid, which recovers, on average, at the same time as the adductor pollicis. To prevent upper airway obstruction after extubation, it is preferable to use the adductor pollicis to monitor recovery, instead of the more resistant muscles of the hypothenar eminence or those around the eye. Normal respiratory and upper airway function does not return to normal unless the train-of-four ratio at the adductor pollicis is 0.9 (using a quantitative twitch monitor) or more.


One thought on "Carbon curvature
 1. Graphene is trivial, and fullerenes are pretty straightforward (i.e. tubes with possibly closed ends), but I'm having trouble visualizing the shape of large schwartzite molecules. The graphic above suggests a repeating pattern — is it just a bunch of hyperboloid structures that happen to meet at the edges in a way that aligns the bonds? Are there regions of positive curvature at the 'joints', or is it really constant negative curvature everywhere?
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or literals) or values (for numerals) that define their place in a sequence -- where they fall within a record. Imagine if data were streamed onto recording tape, the way it used to be in the late 1960s and '70s. It's that streaming of the data sequence, without all the fenceposts, that differentiates XML from Protocol Buffers, by taking out all those markups that say when an entry or a record starts and stops.
The "= number" at the end of a field definition is not a "default value". It is a numeric tag that identifies that field. That said, "= number" is quite unintuitive syntax; maybe something like "_USER_" would have been less confusing.
Looking at some of the documentation, I don't think the aforementioned numbers directly index the field's location in the record. They lay down the present fields one after another, probably putting each field's tag number before the field data. This also allows them to avoid sending fields that use the default value. So they still need to specify how long each record is — either with "fenceposts" between records or a "length" specifier before each record.
Google Open Sources Its Data Interchange Format 332
Posted by kdawson
from the it's-fast-that's-why dept.
Gaining System-Level Access To Vista 412
Posted by kdawson
from the seems-too-simple-somehow dept.
Remember, UNIX spelled backwards is XINU. -- Mt.


text: Clay minerals impart important chemical properties to soils, in part, by virtue of changes in the redox state of Fe in their crystal structures. Therefore, measurement of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and partitioning of Fe(II) in different reactive sites in clay minerals (during biological and chemical Fe(III) reduction) is essential to understand their role and their relative reactivity in terms of reduction and immobilization of heavy metal contaminants such as technetium. This study had three objectives: (1) to understand the degree of dissolution of nontronite (Fe-rich smectite) as a result of chemical and biological reduction of Fe(III) in the structure; (2) to quantify partitioning of chemically and biologically produced Fe(II) into different reactive sites in reduced nontronite, including aqueous Fe2+, ammonium chloride-extractable Fe(II) (mainly from the ion-exchangeable sites, denoted as Fe(II)NH4Cl), sodium acetate-extractable Fe(II) (mainly from the surface complexation sites, denoted as Fe(II)acetate), and structural Fe(II) (denoted as Fe(II)str); and (3) to evaluate the reactivity of these Fe(II) species in terms of Tc(VII) reduction. Chemical and biological reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite (NAu-2) was performed, and reduced nontronite samples with different extents of Fe(III) reduction (1.2–71%) were prepared. The extent of reductive dissolution was measured as a function of the extent of Fe(III) reduction. Our results demonstrated that chemically and biologically produced Fe(II) in NAu-2 may be accommodated in the NAu-2 structure if the extent of Fe(III) reduction is small (< ~30%). When the extent of reduction was >~30%, dissolution of nontronite occurred with a corresponding decrease in crystallinity of residual nontronite. The Fe(II) produced was available for partitioning into four species: Fe(aq)2+, Fe(II)acetate, Fe(II)NH4Cl, and Fe(II)str. The increase in Fe(II)acetate during the early stages of Fe(III) reduction indicated that the Fe(II) released had the greatest affinity for the surface-complexation sites, but this site had a limited capacity (~60 μ mol of Fe(II)/g of NAu-2). The subsequent increase in Fe(II)NH4Cl indicated that the released Fe(II) partitioned into the exchangeable sites once the amount of Fe at the surface-complexation sites reached half of its maximum site capacity. The fraction of Fe(II)str decreased concomitantly, as a result of Fe(II) release from the NAu-2 structure, from 100% when the extent of Fe(III) reduction was <30% to nearly 65% when the extent of Fe(III) reduction reached 71%. The Fe(II)acetate and Fe(II)str exhibited greater reactivity in terms of Tc(VII) reduction than the Fe(II)NH4Cl. Clearly, the surface-complexed and structural Fe(II) are the desirable species when reduced clay minerals are used to reduce and immobilize soluble heavy metals in contaminated groundwater and soils. These results have important implications for understanding microbe–clay mineral interactions and heavy metal immobilization in clay-rich natural environments.


Clinical Audits
DRG validation strategies for success
Research shows that the vast majority of medical bills contain errors—health plans can use DRG validation audits to improve the accuracy and validity of claims payments.
The impact of telehealth on clinical audits during COVID-19
Telehealth has become a lifeline during the pandemic, but the potential for improper coding and documentation is high. Health plans are wise to include telehealth claims in their clinical audit programs.
Fixing payment integrity at the source
Find out how eligibility management plays a role in maximizing recovery opportunities, improving cost avoidance strategies, and creating premium restoration possibilities.
Three ways to tackle the high cost of waste
Administrative complexity continues to drive the high level of waste in healthcare. Learn how to reduce improper payments with an optimized payment integrity approach that blends advanced analytics with human expertise.


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By default, Gmail uses a secure connection (SSL) to check your credentials (username and password), but after that it redirects to a http connection.
Gmail encodes with gzip all the sent/ received data to transfer it faster, but this can be easily unzipped if a network sniffer monitors the traffic.
The https protocol uses more resources on both ends to encrypt and decrypt the traffic, so that's why Google didn't make it the default option.
If you want to encrypt your connection to Gmail, there is a simple option: bookmark _URL_, and use it instead of gmail.com or install a Firefox extension called Customize Google. The extension also switches Google Calendar to a SSL connection.
This is an useful trick for many sites, including meebo.com or box.net.
Updated: replaced _URL_ with _URL_ to prevent a warning about the domain name in Firefox.
Create encrypted volumes
Do you trust your computer?
New features in Gmail
ROM CHECK FAIL
1 hour ago


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The clock Command
The clock command has facilities for getting the current time, formatting time values, and scanning printed time strings to get an integer time value. The clock command was added in Tcl 7.5. Table 13-1 summarizes the clock command:
Table 13-1. The clock command.
|clock clicks||A system-dependent high resolution counter.|
|clock format value?-format str?||Formats a clock value according to str.|
|clock scan string?-base clock??-gmt boolean?||Parses date string and return seconds value. The clock value determines the date.|
|clock seconds||Returns the current time in seconds.|
The following command prints the current time:
clock format [clock seconds]
=> Sun Nov 24 14:57:04 1996
The clock seconds command returns the current time, in seconds since a starting epoch. The clock format command formats an integer value into a date string. It takes an optional argument that controls the format. The format strings contains % keywords that are replaced with the year, month, day, date, hours, minutes, and seconds, in various formats. The default string is:
%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y
Tables 13-2 and 13-3 summarize the clock formatting strings:
Table 13-2. Clock formatting keywords.
|%%||Inserts a %. |
|%a||Abbreviated weekday name (Mon, Tue, etc.). |
|%A||Full weekday name (Monday, Tuesday, etc.). |
|%b||Abbreviated month name (Jan, Feb, etc.). |
|%B||Full month name. |
|%c||Locale specific date and time (e.g., Nov 24 16:00:59 1996).|
|%d||Day of month (01?31). |
|%H||Hour in 24-hour format (00?23). |
|%I||Hour in 12-hour format (01?12). |
|%j||Day of year (001?366). |
|%m||Month number (01?12). |
|%M||Minute (00?59). |
|%p||AM/PM indicator. |
|%S||Seconds (00?59). |
|%U||Week of year (00?52) when Sunday starts the week.|
|%w||Weekday number (Sunday = 0). |
|%W||Week of year (01?52) when Monday starts the week. |
|%x||Locale specific date format (e.g., Feb 19 1997).|
|%X||Locale specific time format (e.g., 20:10:13).|
|%y||Year without century (00?99).|
|%Y||Year with century (e.g. 1997).|
|%Z||Time zone name.|
Table 13-3. UNIX-specific clock formatting keywords.
|%D||Date as %m/%d/%y (e.g., 02/19/97).|
|%e||Day of month (1?31), no leading zeros. |
|%h||Abbreviated month name. |
|%n||Inserts a newline. |
|%r||Time as %I:%M:%S %p (e.g., 02:39:29 PM).|
|%R||Time as %H:%M (e.g., 14:39).|
|%t||Inserts a tab. |
|%T||Time as %H:%M:%S (e.g., 14:34:29).|
The clock clicks command returns the value of the system's highest resolution clock. The units of the clicks are not defined. The main use of this command is to measure the relative time of different performance tuning trials. The following command counts the clicks per second over 10 seconds, which will vary from system to system:
Example 13-1 Calculating clicks per second.
set t1 [clock clicks]
after 10000 ;# See page 218
set t2 [clock clicks]
puts "[expr ($t2 - $t1)/10] Clicks/second"
=> _PHONE_ Clicks/second
The clock scan command parses a date string and returns a seconds value. The command handles a variety of date formats. If you leave off the year, the current year is assumed.
Year 2000 Compliance
Tcl implements the standard interpretation of two-digit year values, which is that 70?9 are 1970?999, 00?9 are 2000?069. Versions of Tcl before 8.0 did not properly deal with two-digit years in all cases. Note, however, that Tcl is limited by your system's time epoch and the number of bits in an integer. On Windows, Macintosh, and most UNIX systems, the clock epoch is January 1, 1970. A 32-bit integer can count enough seconds to reach forward into the year 2037, and backward to the year 1903. If you try to clock scan a date outside that range, Tcl will raise an error because the seconds counter will overflow or underflow. In this case, Tcl is just reflecting limitations of the underlying system.
If you leave out a date, clock scan assumes the current date. You can also use the -base option to specify a date. The following example uses the current time as the base, which is redundant:
clock scan "10:30:44 PM" -base [clock seconds]
The date parser allows these modifiers: year, month, fortnight (two weeks), week, day, hour, minute, second. You can put a positive or negative number in front of a modifier as a multiplier. For example:
clock format [clock scan "10:30:44 PM 1 week"]
=> Sun Dec 01 22:30:44 1996
clock format [clock scan "10:30:44 PM -1 week"]
Sun Nov 17 22:30:44 1996
You can also use tomorrow, yesterday, today, now, last, this, next, and ago, as modifiers.
clock format [clock scan "3 years ago"]
=> Wed Nov 24 17:06:46 1993
Both clock format and clock scan take a -gmt option that uses Greenwich Mean Time. Otherwise, the local time zone is used.
clock format [clock seconds] -gmt true
=> Sun Nov 24 09:25:29 1996
clock format [clock seconds] -gmt false
=> Sun Nov 24 17:25:34 1996


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Listen to this week's lesson about Jane Austen's Georgian crime then take the online quiz.
Your lesson this week: Georgian crime in the works of Jane Austen.
Your teacher is President of the Jane Austen Society of Australia, author of the book Jane Austen and Crime, and literary lecturer, Susannah Fullerton.
You can also subscribe to Self Improvement Wednesday by copying this address into your podcast application:
Now take the quiz!
1. Jane Austen's stories were set in the Georgian era, when capital crimes were punishable by which method?
c) Electric chair
d) Lethal injection
2. What Georgian crime do Colonel Brandon and Willoughby commit together in Sense and Sensibility?
3. Which character in Pride and Prejudice had illegal gaming debts of more than a thousand pounds?
a) George Wickham
b) Charles Bingley
c) William Collins
d) Mr Darcy
4. What Georgian hanging offence was Mrs Weston the victim of in Emma?
a) Signature fraud
b) Hayrick arson
c) Poultry theft
5. In A Letter from a Young Lady, whom is Anna Parker planning to murder next?
a) Her father
b) Her mother
c) Her sister
d) Her brother
6. Which Mansfield Park character did Jane Austen imply had sued his wife's lover under a criminal conversion suit?
a) Henry Crawford
b) Dr. Grant
c) Edmund Bertram
d) Mr Rushworth
7. Which Pride and Prejudice character eloped to Gretna Green because it was illegal for her to marry in England?
a) Caroline Bingley
b) Lydia Bennet
c) Georgiana Darcy
d) Jane Bennet
8. Which character in Northanger Abbey delights in reading Gothic crime novels?
a) Catherine Moorland
b) Eleanor Tilney
c) James Morland
d) Mrs Allen
Answers: 1.b), 2.c), 3.a), 4.c), 5.c), 6.d), 7.b), 8.a)
Next week: The first flight of the Montgolfiere balloon, with Philip Dwyer from the University of Newcastle.


text:
On the Markov chain models for monsoonal rainfall occurrence in different zones of West Bengal
Abstract: The probabilistic distribution of pattern of rainfall during the monsoonal season (June-September) over different regions of West Bengal (India) has been reviewed with the help of Markov chain models of various orders. The analysis is based on relevant data of 25 years (_PHONE_) in the ten meteorological stations spread over the state. The determination of the proper order that best describes the precipitation over the region is carried out using Akaike's Information Criteria. The test clearly indicates that first order Markov chain model is the best /one for rainfall forecasting. It is found that an appropriate period (2-4 days) of occurrence of rainfall phenomenon over the various stations. Moreover, the steady-state probabilities and mean occurrence time of precipitation days and dry days have also been calculated for firstand second-order Markov chain models. The computation reveals that the observed and theoretical values of steady-state probabilities are realistically matched
Markov chain model, Akaike's Information criteria, rainfall probability, Stationary probability, Mean recurrence time, Dry and Wet spell.
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Adopt, Don't Shop, on National Dog Rescue Day
658 total views, 1 views today
Rescuing a dog or any pet is entirely different than buying a dog from a pet store or a breeder. National Dog Rescue Day, which takes place annually on May 20th, exists in part to highlight this difference.
Most animal rights advocates (but not all) would suggest that potential pet owners adopt dogs rather than buying them — or, said in the catchiest, briefest way possible, "adopt, don't shop." Here are five reasons to follow this motto for National Dog Rescue Day:
Adopting doesn't support animal cruelty
As cute as the dogs at pet stores are, they often come from cruel backgrounds. Pet stores often buy the dogs they sell from puppy mills, which are known for abusive, unhealthy living situations. There, dogs are often forced to breed at the cost of proper hygiene, diet, and even space to roam around and enjoy themselves. Even the ways in which dogs are transported to pet stores from these sellers has led to dogs dying in transit. Buying from pet stores directly supports these practices.
Breeders drive animal overpopulation
Animal overpopulation is a serious issue. In fact, the abundance of spayed and neutered dogs is a direct result of overpopulation — measures this drastic are needed to keep dog populations (and cat populations) in check. Breeders, though unlikely to treat their dogs as cruelly as puppy mills do, contribute to overpopulation. By selling dogs of purebred pedigree, breeders distract potential pet owners from adopting from animal shelters, where nearly 6.5 million pets are newly housed each year. Nearly one-quarter of these pets are euthanized due to overcrowding.
Adopting is cheaper
It's rare for adoption to be free, but it's almost always cheaper than buying a dog from a breeder or a pet store. Adoption fees can be a couple hundred dollars depending on the shelter and where you live, but they cover a dog's first vaccinations, examinations, microchipping, spaying or neutering, and flea, tick, and worm preventatives (and sometimes even a short-term healthcare plan). In some cases, adopting a dog expected to live a shorter life or struggling with chronic illness may not require any payment.
Adopting is safer
In every state, both shelters and pet sellers are regulated to some extent. However, the strength of these regulations varies wildly by state. Thus, some would argue that buying a dog is potentially unsafe, both for the dog and the owner. Shelters, on the other hand, actively tend to dogs as the very basis of their work, making adoption safer.
Adopting is easier
Pets bought from a breeder or pet store may be brand new to a life spent around humans, in a person's home. They are thus far less likely to be housebroken, well behaved, and properly trained. Dogs in shelters, on the other hand, have frequently lived in one or more homes, meaning they're far more likely to be properly trained. This trend makes adopting, not shopping, especially vital for first-time dog owners.
If you plan to get a dog someday, will you adopt or shop? Why? If you have a dog, did you adopt it or buy it? Why? Sound off in the comments!
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The International Korean Educators Network was founded in 2010 with a mission to create a systematic support network of educators who are in the field of Korean language and culture education for K-12 students. IKEN aims to strengthen our students' identity through Korean language and cultural education, and become global citizens of the future. IKEN has taken an active role in supporting Korean language and culture educators in various types of school models such as the Korean Dual Language Programs, Korean as a world language in secondary schools, and Korean community language schools around the world. IKEN partners with various policy makers and community partners in order to fulfill its mission.


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Visage Project for Physiognomy Data
About the Visage Project: Visage is a project to collect and
organize information about relatively permanent facial features. It
includes methods for storing, retrieving, and inspecting the data.
This information is collected from the writings of many authors and
scholars and is stored in a relational database. These sources
indicate connections between facial features and the person's inner or
hidden characteristics, such as personality or character, and even
more unlikely connections, such as to the person's destiny.
Physiognomy is a term that refers to the appearance of the face and
how it is interpreted. Visage is a database schema for representing
physiognomy and the interpretation of physiognomic signs.
A simple demonstration application shows
some of the ideas behind the Visage project. The demonstration finds
information about the meanings of facial features you select to
describe a face. This application retrieves information from the
database relevant to your description of physiognomy, including an estimation of the
accuracy of the sources of this information. You can decide for
yourself whether the meanings ascribed to the facial features make
sense or not.
You may find the information in Visage interesting and
entertaining, or useless and inaccurate. Visage makes only general
statements about the validity of the information, and provides the
interpretations people have claimed for facial features. It includes
information about the general level of soundness of the
The demonstration application shows the kinds of data that are
incorporated into the database. Physiognomy is related to a number of psychological and other
concepts that have not been structured into a database-compatible
format. Some of these concepts are listed
- Personality People have thought since ancient times that
the face reflects the personality of the individual. Personality
refers to enduring traits or characteristics of the person, not
merely to an ability to impress others. Both facial appearance and personality are products of biological inheritance and the
environment in which the person develops.
- Countenance Also, the database has information about the
countenance of the face. The face is viewed by others who find
meaning in it. The countenance of the face refers to visible
facial appearance and how other people interpret it. People
attribute meaning to faces intuitively, whether the interpretation is
correct or not. Visage tells you what interpretations other people
might make of the face you describe, and whether this interpretation
is likely to be correct.
- Contingencies The face could predict the person's fate or
destiny. Life is a continuous cycle of birth and death. People and
their faces are molded to fit this cycle.


Net zero investment portfolios: de-risking capital allocation
Author Robyn Ashton
Date April 2020
Long term climate change, while foreseeable, adds uncertainty to investment forecasts and increases risk. Portfolio asset managers and investors, especially those investing in assets such as commercial real estate, are particularly exposed to physical risk through increased storm damage, flood risk and increased temperatures. Ambitious climate strategies directed by net zero emissions (NZE) shows commitment to action and will increasingly become a key differentiator in investment selection. Targeting NZE for owned and managed assets provides a pathway to both mitigating risks and attracting investors.
By combining climate science with business insights, a board can receive robust facts, data and metrics to clearly articulate the management of climate related financial risks, and the ability to project climate driven changes in the value of different assets and their productive capacity.
The opportunity in Australia
As of last year,[1] 19 companies within the Australian real estate sector had announced emissions targets. A number of large property developers such as Mirvac[2], Dexus[3] and AMP Capital Real Estate[4] announced net zero targets covering scope 1 and scope 2 emissions sources[5].
Companies are missing a significant opportunity for differentiation and leadership in this sector. Energetics predicts that in 2020, the number of NZE commitments will increase significantly.
Figure 1. Current emissions targets in the property sector[6]
Emissions reductions modelling can scope the task from now through to the achievement of a net zero target by 2050. From this work, business cases can be developed for:
 - investments in energy efficient technologies to reduce energy consumption/demand
 - a procurement strategy incorporating on-site generation and renewable electricity procurement such as a corporate renewable PPA to further reduce costs and exposure to energy market volatility.
 - implementation and use of smart energy management systems that can optimise energy consumption and provide valuable business insights.
 - tracking performance and reporting on progress
 - managing climate risk dynamically by monitoring the scientific advice and community concerns.
How do I achieve NZE?
Investment portfolios require different strategies and opportunities for eliminating emissions. Many of these opportunities not only reduce emissions and increase investor interest, they generate savings for the assets.
A pathway for setting and achieving NZE is outlined below.
Figure 2. NZE roadmaps
Scope and define
Scoping, defining and calculating the portfolio's carbon footprint is the first step in reducing emissions. Understanding a portfolio's emissions is more complex than just adding up your electricity and gas use or using your NGER report. With a range of assets types within each investment portfolio including commercial offices, warehouses, industrial and retail, a range of emissions sources may be prevalent.
Identify opportunities and develop business cases
Identifying emissions reduction opportunities to reduce each emissions source may include:
 - Electric vehicles, electrification, refrigerant replacement (scope 1)
 - Energy efficiency, NABERS uplift strategies, on-site renewable energy, renewable electricity procurement (scope 2)
 - Waste reduction initiatives, flight and travel reduction, active transport (scope 3).
Including the financial impacts as part of these initial investigations will assist fund managers in understanding the investment requirements of achieving the target. While cost should not be the sole driver, it is often an important consideration. Some opportunities provide financial savings (energy efficiency, solar PV), some are cost neutral (renewable electricity procurement, EVs) while other may increase costs (refrigerant replacement, electrification).
It should be noted that offsets are typically required to meet a NZE target. The cost of offsets can significantly impact overall costs and should be a focus throughout the target setting process. Developing offset strategies and pricing forecasts are key requirements at the business case stage.
Actionable roadmaps
Energetics has experience developing emissions baselines and identifying emissions reduction opportunities. Together these are typically used to set interim corporate targets. Our experts have found that communication of objectives both within organisations and externally is key to reaching a target. Tools such as waterfall charts (below) aid in helping investors understand emissions sources and opportunities. Having a clear path to implementation provides stakeholders and investors with confidence in the strategy.
Figure 3. Example emissions roadmap
Implementation and offsets
Each emissions reduction opportunity should be implemented in line with the roadmap. Continuous monitoring of performance and achievements, and subsequent stakeholder communication and engagement, increases the program's chance of success.
Once emissions are reduced through direct actions, carbon offsets are required to offset residual emissions. Carbon offsets are seen as the last resort as they are a cost to the organisation offering no financial returns and can be seen negatively by investors if not supported by real action first. Due diligence should be undertaken to ensure that offsets to be purchased come from valid emissions reduction projects and that the project type or location of the project does not expose the company to reputational risk. Companies also need to be able to demonstrate that they are the unique purchaser of the offsets and that the offsets are not being recycled or reused in any way. Typically, this is through a transparent retirement of the offsets in a registry.
Each of these options provide benefits, but no single action will meet the target. A co-ordinated, planned approach that is clearly and widely communicated will promote a company culture that not only supports reducing emissions, but identifies further, and possibly innovative, opportunities.
Creating operational value in four ways
Firstly, as NZE requires a broad approach to energy and emissions management, it aids portfolio managers in identifying and implementing energy and emissions saving opportunities which in turn reduces operational costs. Secondly, sustainable buildings can improve rental yields by attracting rental premiums from tenants looking for both environmentally and operationally improved buildings. Thirdly, by improving the sustainability performance of assets and portfolios, an increased capital valuation can be achieved at sale. Finally, improved ESG management can enhance owner – tenant relations and increase asset visibility, therefore improving interest in investment. 5-star NABERS buildings have been found to attract a 9% rental premium and lower vacancy rates compared to buildings with less than 2 stars[7] and a US study found that for sustainable buildings operating costs decreased by 8% to 9%, building values increased by 7.5%, Return on Investment (ROI) improved by 6.6%, occupancy ratio increased by 3.5%, and rent ratio increased by 3%[8].
Lead, don't lag
Investment portfolio managers should define, scope and identify opportunities to reduce emissions to net zero by 2030. Aside from the increasing pressure to reduce emissions, there are other drivers: rising energy costs, investor uncertainty, physical climate impacts, reputational impacts (as an industry laggard), and potential market differentiation opportunities. While 2030 is a decade away, this challenge should not be underestimated. Setting clear roadmaps early will enable asset managers to identify opportunities and implement them at the correct time for the business. Reducing energy consumption and limiting emissions can provide savings to organisations and offer communication and marketing opportunities in competitive environments.
Energetics can support you in the development of your net zero emissions target and pathway to its achievement. Please contact us for more information.
[1] Climate Works Australia - Net Zero Momentum Tracker Property Sector (September 2019)
[2] Mirvac's plan to reach net positive carbon by 2030
[3] Dexus Sustainability Approach
[4] AMP Capital Media Release: AMP Capital launches ambitious 2030 real estate sustainability strategy (October 2019)
[5] These targets are defined as "closely aligned" as they do not include scope 3 emissions and therefore are not as "fully aligned" to the Paris Target of net zero by 2050 as defined originally.
[6] Climate Works Australia - Net Zero Momentum Tracker Property Sector (September 2019)
[7] Australian Property Institute - Building Better Returns
[8] Green Building Council of Australia - Valuing Green


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- To develop regulations and standards in system integration (e.g. EEDI definitions and implementation rules).
The Working Group will ideally consist of engine builders, engineering companies, research organisations, system component suppliers such as electrical equipment & automation, controls, batteries, gears, propulsors and thrusters, heat exchangers, steam turbines, and system integrators including engine users, shipyards, and Classification Societies.
- To input and engage the component industry for shipping and land based applications
- To develop hybrid system design principles
- To input on the development of the internal combustion engines in diesel-electric installations
- To discuss development drivers for energy efficiency optimisation concepts in ships or land based applications
- To contribute to the development and promulgation of multi-source energy system design optimisations for ships and land based power plants
- To input and contribute in the development of regulations with Classification Societies, adjusting the existing rules to cope with the state-of-the-art in system integration design principles
- Regular meetings are held once every six months and usually hosted by one of our members.


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Winton, Burning of
Winton, the seat of Hertford County, was burned by Federal troops on 20 Feb. 1862. It was the first North Carolina town burned by Union forces during the Civil War and the only one burned completely. On 19 February a flotilla of eight Union gunboats steamed up the Chowan River. As the vessels approached Winton's wharf, Confederate artillery and infantry opened up from the river bluff, but the boats sustained no serious damage.
When the flotilla returned the next morning, Winton was deserted, but several buildings had clearly been used for Confederate billeting and storage. These were torched, resulting in a blaze that left only one small house standing. The Hertford County Courthouse had been destroyed in 1830, and virtually all records from 1830 to 1862 were consumed in this fire, along with several dozen houses, stores, and other buildings. The cooperation of Union army and navy forces in the action constituted one of the first amphibious operations in the history of the American military.
Thomas C. Parramore, "The Burning of Winton in 1862," NCHR 39 (Winter 1962).
"Burning of Winton." Courtesy of the North Carolina Collection at the University of North Carolina libraries. Available from _URL_ (accessed May 18, 2012).
"Ruins of Winton." Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, October 24, 1863. Courtesy of North Carolina Collections at the University of North Carolina Libraries. Available from _URL_ (accessed May 18, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Parramore, Thomas C.


text: The dietary protein to energy ratio, in fish diets, is of great importance. Levels of dietary protein and energy, not only influence the growth and body composition, but also digestive enzymes activities and plasma metabolites in various fishes and increasing the protein level of the diet does not result in better protein utilization. Providing adequate energy through dietary lipids can minimize the use of more costly protein as an energy source. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of varying dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents on the growth and feed performance, nutrient and energy utilization, digestibility, body composition and organ indices of Cyprinus carpio communis fingerlings in order to determine the feed formulation with optimum P/E ratio which would reduce the FCR value and make production of Common carp economical. To further understand the metabolic effects of dietary nutrients, variations in acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities were also studied. The present work will be helpful for the fish nutrition scientists and the fish nutrition research students.


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The Swedish Environmental Code
- Publication date:
- Ministry publications series
- Ministry of the Environment
The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 and entered into force 1 January 1999. The rules contained within 15 acts have been amalgameted in the Code. As many similar rules in previous statutes have been replaced with common rules, the number of provisions has been reduced. The
Environmental Code is nonetheless a major piece of legislation. The Code contains 33 chapters comprising almost 500 sections. However, it is only the fundamental environmental rules that are included in the Environmental Code. More detailed provisions are laid down in ordinances made by the Government.
The translation takes account of amendments that have been
made since the Code entered into force up to 1 August 2000.
References to the laws adopting the amendments are given in
parantheses and show the reference number of the law in question. However, laws regulating transitional arrangements
or dates of entry into force have not been included.
The two annexes specifying the environmental classes of petrol and diesel fuels are not included in the translation.
The Ministry of Environment publishes the translation as a
service to interested persons but takes no legal responsibility for the translation or for any consequenses arising from its use.


Porsche will build a new kind of battery cells for electric race cars
Some production cars will get the new silicon-anode technology, too
Racing is a significant part of Porsche's heritage, and gradually adopting electric technology isn't going to keep the firm away from the track. It announced a joint venture called Cellforce whose task will be to design and manufacture battery cells suitable for high-performance race cars and a handful of high-end, racing-inspired production vehicles.
Powering a race car with batteries is difficult because the technology adds weight and requires more time to charge than it takes to fill up a fuel tank. Porsche is out to solve these issues, and it believes it's on the brink of a breakthrough. It's working on battery cells that rely on silicon as the anode material, a solution which should allow its engineers to boost a battery's power density and in turn decrease its overall size and weight to benefit performance. And, the new chemistry reportedly reduces a battery's internal resistance, meaning the pack takes less time to charge. It can also withstand higher temperatures than the technology found in electric cars in 2021.
Porsche warned this new battery isn't the tipping point that will make EVs mainstream. It doesn't perform well in freezing temperatures, and it's not designed to withstand years of use and abuse. This is perfectly fine on the track — races are rarely held when it's 10 degrees below zero, and race car components are replaced on a regular basis in pursuit of reliability. But the technology would be problematic if put in the hands of, say, a police department in Michigan.
Michael Steiner, the head of the German carmaker's research and development department, also clarified this isn't an answer to Tesla's Gigafactories. It's considerably smaller because it's primarily a racing-oriented project.
"It will be a small plant compared to all of the Gigafactories. We are looking at around 100 megawatt-hours per year as a production capacity. It could be slightly more, but in terms of cars it should be about 1,000 units a year," he told Autoblog during a media roundtable. Many will be race cars, but the technology that Cellforce will design and manufacture will also end up in what Steiner described as "high-performance derivatives of existing cars." It sounds like something along the lines of a 911 GT2 RS with an electric drivetrain instead of a power-dense flat-six engine, though he declined to provide details, partly because production isn't scheduled to start until 2024 at the earliest.
Porsche selected Customcells, a German company formed in 2012 to develop cells for lithium-ion battery packs, as its partner in the project. It holds 83.75% of Cellforce, while Customcells owns the remaining 16.25%. Although neither party disclosed the financial terms of the deal, Porsche noted its investment lies in the middle-double-digit-millions range. German's federal government and the state of Baden-Württemberg contributed a total of 60 million euros (around $71 million) to the project. In exchange, the factory will be located somewhere in southern Germany.
Steiner explained Cellforce is still at the embryonic stage. "We have started with research and pre-development to build up knowledge about cell chemistry," he noted. Racing is very clearly the project's main focus, but Porsche is cautiously open to the idea of scaling up the project during the 2020s if everything goes according to plan.
"If this works, and if we see potential to come down with costs, there might be a chance for higher volume. But, this is not the task I gave to the team that has to start this new facility. They have a clear task: high-performance cells," he stressed. He added other brands in the Volkswagen Group will be able to use the cells if executives scale up.
Whether they will is up in the air. Transferring technology between the street and the track is often difficult.
"High performance and low costs do not go together very well in my experience," Steiner concluded.
Porsche Taycan Information
Porsche Taycan
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Our students spend a lot of their time outdoors. Although many of these hours involve exploration and imaginaitive play, I often see them playing more organized, pickup games of ultimate frisbee, basketball, and soccer. It never ceases to amaze me that our students play in all sorts of weather (notice football in the snow, below). Games at Fairhaven can be like the weather, in a way: they materialize instantly like summer storms often do, out of nowhere, then at some point they scatter, only to return another day.
Becka Miller, Staff


SAP Knowledge Base Article - Public
_PHONE_ - You Are Not Able to Change the Tax Amount in an Invoice
You are not able to change the Tax Amount in an Invoice.
SAP Business ByDesign
Reproducing the Issue
 1. Go to the Customer Invoicing work center.
 2. Select the Invoice Requests view.
 3. Select the respective Invoice Request and click on the Invoice button.
 4. In the New Invoice navigate to the Pricing tab.
 5. You can see that the Tax Amount cannot be changed.
It is not possible to maintain only a total tax amount for the entire customer invoice.
The total tax amount at the document level of the invoices is calculated aggregately i.e. by adding up individual item level tax amounts (calculated depending upon the tax rate, tax type, and tax rate type) and then rounding off that sum to relevant decimal places (as per that currency).
Tax rates are fixed to the selected tax codes which are then used to calculate the tax. The tax amount cannot be changed manually as it is calculated by the system.
 You can adjust tax codes that are determined in order to receive a different tax rate, depending on country specific requirements. However a manual change of the tax amount within the document is not possible.
This is the expected system behavior.
See Also
Blog: Rules of Tax Difference Distribution in SAP Business ByDesign
Tax Amount; Change; Manually, KBA, SRD-CRM-INV, Customer Invoicing, Problem
SAP Business ByDesign all versions


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Scientists at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa's Kewalo Marine Laboratory have identified two distinct groups of cells in a marine invertebrate that are like the ciliary photoreceptors responsible for light detection in the human eye.
In the swimming larvae of brachiopods, an ancient group of invertebrate animals, these neural cells are part of a simple two-cell eye that can detect the direction of light and help control the behavior of the animal. One eye cell contains a lens to collect light; the other, pigments to block light coming from behind the eye.
Surprisingly, genes responsible for ciliary photoreception occur at very early stages of embryonic development, before neurons are even formed. Despite the simplicity of the embryos at these stages, they are able to move toward light.
This discovery can serve as a model for the earliest stages in the evolution of the complex human eye, Postdoctoral Researcher Yale Passamaneck and Kewalo Director Mark Martindale write in the March 1, 2011, online journal EvoDevo.


Where is Tesla Roadster Ilona Mask located right now?
A little less than two weeks have passed since SpaceX successfully launched the Falcon Heavy super-heavy launch rocket, and many are wondering where the Tesla Roadster electric car with a mannequin named Starman is currently located.
The answer to this question will be somewhat easier thanks to engineer Ben Pearson. He created Whereisroadster.com, where he can track the location of the Tesla Roadster in the solar system in real time.
Pearson explained to The Verge that on the launch day Falcon Heavy saw how many people on the net were wondering if it would be possible to somehow track a car drifting in space, and therefore decided to develop a website. At first, he tried to simulate the location of the Roadster in space, but his calculations did not coincide with the orbit reported by Musk. True, then it turned out that the engineer's calculations were just more accurate.
Pearson's website uses data from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. At the time of writing, he indicates that the Roadster is approximately 3, 680, 500 km from Earth, moving away from it at a speed of 10, 836 km / h; while from Mars, the electric car is approximately 20, 879, 400 km, drifting towards the Red Planet at a speed of 69, 160 km / h. In addition, the site allows you to track the approximate trajectory of the machine until 2020; in particular, you can see when the Roadster is especially close to Mars or Earth.
According to Pearson, the strongest rapprochement of the Mask car with our planet will take place in 2091. The engineer believes that this would be a good opportunity to "return" the car to Earth and put, for example, in a museum. However, it is more likely that the Roadster will continue to drift in space (although, as we wrote earlier, there is a possibility that in millions of years it will crash, for example, into the Earth).
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salary negotiation is key to a higher lifetime earnings.
Negotiating your salary is extremely crucial to unlocking a higher lifetime earnings. Despite the challenges in salary negotiation and the stress associated with it, you should know how to negotiate for a salary and learn what your role is worth.
Salary negotiation is often seen as an uncomfortable situation, so it is not surprising that a majority of people (57%) have never tried to negotiate for a higher salary. Women in particular are less likely to engage in it due to the social costs of negotiation, which does not help bridge the already existing gender pay gap.
Employees across the board tend to shy away from negotiation as they do not want to come across as arrogant or greedy, or risk disrupting the established workplace dynamics.
A study in the US found that an employee who negotiated an extra $5,000 from a starting salary of $50,000 to $55,000 would earn more than $600,000 over the course of their 40-year career. This figure does not include returns from potential investments, which could bring the number into the millions.
During annual salary review exercises, employers are likely to make a more conservative offer when giving their employees a raise. Their offers tend to be budget-conscious and calculated based on inflation, market averages and tenure.
However, their offer may be less than what they can actually give you, with the expectation that some employees may negotiate for more. If you can successfully negotiate and justify why you deserve it, your boss might just give you a higher salary to retain and motivate you.
5 tips on how to negotiate for a higher salary
One thing to note while negotiating is to remain cordial and reasonable. The salary negotiation process should be a collaboration, not a conflict. Threatening to leave if you don't get what you want or bringing up another job offer will give the perception that you are a disloyal and fair-weathered employee. It also signals to your boss that your motivations are purely financial.
If you are ready to begin the process, here are five steps you can take for a fatter paycheck.
how to negotiate for a higher salary
1. do research
Doing extensive research is the first step to negotiating a higher salary. Without doing so, you risk either being underpaid or looking too out of touch with reality by asking for a figure that's well above the market rate. Looking up what others with your skills and experience are making not only enables you to gauge where you stand relative to your peers, but also provides a good benchmark to help you set your salary expectations.
To find out how much you are worth, you can use tools like our online Salary Guide. Alternatively, you can connect with a recruiter to find out how much companies are willing to pay for someone with your expertise and experience.
2. know what you want
Once you have done your research, you should have a sense of the salary range you are looking for. However, if your boss asks about your expectations, we recommend giving a more precise figure instead of the broad range. Quoting a salary figure from the top of the range instead of the middle or bottom gives you enough wiggle room to negotiate down, which is something you should be prepared to do.
Some studies have also suggested that you should give an exact number as opposed to a rounded-off figure or a narrower range, as it gives the impression that you have done your homework and that you are ready for a proper negotiation process.
3. showcase your value as an employee
One thing you should do when negotiating for a higher salary is to be prepared to justify your request. It is likely that your boss will ask you why you think you deserve a raise and how you have calculated your expected pay. This is where preparation is key - you should go into the salary negotiation process armed with information that will help support your argument that you deserve more.
You can do so by highlighting your contributions and sharing positive feedback from your clients and peers. From the company's perspective, your value is usually tied to the results you produce. Thus, when making your case, use quantitative values instead of general qualitative statements. Since you're asking for an amount for your future contributions, you should also bring up ideas and plans for the future that will help the company reach its goals and demonstrate your ability as a forward-looking and valuable employee.
4. be confident
When negotiating for a higher salary, confidence is key. Despite it not being always true, people who are confident in their abilities are typically perceived to be more competent, which will clearly help when asking for a raise. Project your confidence by articulating your words carefully and being mindful of your body language.
You should also avoid apologising during the negotiation process. Remember, wanting to be paid what you are truly worth is nothing to be sorry about. Apologising for your expectations only gives the impression that you're neither confident nor entirely convinced of your self-worth, which is not the message you want to convey about yourself when negotiating for a higher salary.
You may even want to wear darker-coloured clothing such as navy blue or dark grey, as these colours are often associated with strength and dependability.
5. establish your minimum acceptable salary
The final thing that you should be prepared for before starting your salary negotiation process is to have in mind the lowest number you're willing to accept without wanting to quit your job. This number should be on the minimum salary threshold you have previously researched and one that you would not mind staying on with your current employer for.
However, divulging this number to your boss right at the beginning of the salary negotiation process is not the best idea. Let the process of negotiation bring the number down, but be bold enough to walk away if it dips below the minimum.
salary negotiation didn't go as well as you hoped?
You've given it a go, but it may very well be out of your hands sometimes. If you didn't manage to get a pay raise due to factors beyond your control such as the company having smaller budgets, know that walking away is always an option.
If you believe that you are being underpaid for your contributions and the value you bring to the table, then perhaps it is time to look for a more rewarding opportunity that comes with better incentives. Connect with Randstad today to see if there are any jobs out there for you with a company that can meet your salary expectations.
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The Czech Office for Surveying Mapping and Cadastre (COSMC) maintains spatial data sets according to Act No.344/1992 Coll. – on Cadastre - and Act No.200/1994 Coll. – on Land Surveying. The Act on Land Surveying has been revised by the amendment of the Act on Free Access to Data on Environment so that it specifies spatial data sets provided for the national infrastructure for spatial information:
- state base map series for public use,
- geodetic data about provisions of fundamental geodetic control,
- orthophotographic imagery of the entire territory of the Republic,
- database set of geographical names.
The aim is to provide spatial data sets (geodata) according to data specification laid down by the INSPIRE implementation rule for harmonization and interoperability defined by the Directive and supplemented by the „guideline" documents as a recommendation for implementation. In this data model the data will be provided at the latest 6 months after their updating in the source data base, but presumably more often will provide Vector data will be used for the implementation only.