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AZIZA RESTU FEBRIANTO, _PHONE_ THE COMPARISON OF STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BETWEEN NATURAL SCHOOL AND REGULAR SCHOOL (A CASE.
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Presentasi berjudul: "AZIZA RESTU FEBRIANTO, _PHONE_ THE COMPARISON OF STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BETWEEN NATURAL SCHOOL AND REGULAR SCHOOL (A CASE."— Transcript presentasi:
AZIZA RESTU FEBRIANTO, THE COMPARISON OF STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BETWEEN NATURAL SCHOOL AND REGULAR SCHOOL (A CASE OF SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP ALAM ARRIDHO SEMARANG AND SMP NEGERI 22 SEMARANG)
Identitas Mahasiswa - NAMA : AZIZA RESTU FEBRIANTO - NIM : PRODI : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris - JURUSAN : BAHASA & SASTRA INGGRIS - FAKULTAS : Bahasa dan Seni - aziza_febrianto pada domain yahoo.com - PEMBIMBING 1 : WIDHIYANTO, SPd., M.Pd. - PEMBIMBING 2 : DRS. LA ODE MUSYARIDUN - TGL UJIAN :
Judul THE COMPARISON OF STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BETWEEN NATURAL SCHOOL AND REGULAR SCHOOL (A CASE OF SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP ALAM ARRIDHO SEMARANG AND SMP NEGERI 22 SEMARANG)
Abstrak This study entitled 'The Comparison of Students' Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text between Nature School and Regular School.' This study focuses on the comparison of the aspect of writing skill to find significant difference of the students' achievement in writing descriptive text from different schools. In this study, the researcher took the samples of the students' descriptive writings from SMP Alam Arridho Semarang as a Natural School and SMP Negeri 22 Semarang as a Regular School, then analyzed them by using Brown's theory and the Genre features. The objectives of this study are: (1) to find the significant difference found in the descriptive texts between the students of SMP Alam Arridho Semarang as a Natural School and the students of SMP Negeri 22 Semarang as a Regular School, (2) to find and show what kind of difference arises is. Related to the objectives above, the researcher found that the prominent differences are: (1) the students who have been studying in the Natural School get more freedom to explore their ideas in writing descriptive text. They are also more creative in writing Descriptive text. The factor that makes them become more creative is that writing is actually their habit. They are accustomed to being asked to write some certain objects in other subjects beside English. Hence, their writing is more developed and complete. (2) the descriptive writings of the students of SMP Alam Arridho Semarag are mostly better in the aspects of organization, content, Punctuation, spelling, mechanics, and style or quality of expression though the students from both schools almost have the same ability in using grammar. However, the students of SMP 22 Semarang have made better writing in the aspects of the communicative purpose of the text. Hopefully, the results of this study can be useful for English teachers as a guideline to compose Lesson plan and to consider several methods used in the natural school as an Alternative school in teaching. The method which is rarely implemented in the Regular school is thematic method in which the teachers use Realia such as outdoor media and Excursion. This method is really important to be considered by the other teachers. Besides, other further researchers may use it as a reference to conduct other research on the same field. They may also conduct such a related research to find the effectiveness of Alternative Schools in Education.
Kata Kunci Students' Achievement, Writing, Descriptive Text, Natural School, and Regular School.
Referensi Meyer, Alan Gateways to Academic Writing: Effective Sentences, Paragraphs, and Essays. New York: Pearson Education, inc. Burton, S. H Mastering English Language. Hongkong: The Mac millan Press. LTD Hartono, Rudi Genre Based Writing. Semarang: English Department, Faculty of Language and Art. UNNES. Bram, Barli Write well, Improving writing Skills. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press. Hackett, Laura and Williamson, Richard Design for a composition. New York: Harcoutt, Brace & World, Inc. Hardey The Psychology of Written Composition. UK, Britain: Keely University. Hornby, S.H Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ramelan English Phonetics. Semarang: UPT UNNES Press. Harmer, Jeremy How to Teach English. Cambridge: Longman. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Model Silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Soeparwoto, Hendriyani, Rulita and Liftiah Psikologi Perkembangan. Semarang: UPT UNNES Press. Tri Anni, Catharina, Rifa'I, Achmad, Purwanto, Eddy dan Purnomo Daniel Psikologi Belajar. Semarang: UPT UNNES Press. Sugandi, Achmad dan Haryanto Teori Pembelajaran. Semarang: UPT UNNES Press. Pardjowidjodjo, Soenjono Psikolinguistik: Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Suparno, Paul Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jean Piaget. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. Septriana Novobiografi: Sebuah Novel Biografi, Lendo Novo. Bogor: Sou Publisher. Komunitas Sekolah Alam Menemukan Sekolah yang Membebaskan: Perjalanan Menggapai Sekolah Yang Mendidik Anak Menjadi Manusia Berkarakter. Tangerang: PT. Kawan Pustaka. Koentjaraningrat Metode – metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. Arikunto Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rhineka Cipta. Kartono, Kartini Pengantar Metodologi Riset Sosial. Bandung: Mandar Maju Brown, R. Douglas Language Assessment. San Francisco: San Francisco State University. Characteristics of Good Descriptive Writing. Online at Good Descriptive text/edld/conf. html [accessed 02/16/09] Key. James P. Research Design in Occupational Education. Online at Module R13. Experimental Research and Design.html. [accessed 03/02/09] University of Otago. Student Learning Development. Paragraph and Sentence Structure. Online at [accessed 04/17/09] Reid, J.M. (1994). The Process of Paragraph Writing (2nd Ed.). Basic Paragraph Structure. Online at [accessed 04/17/09] The Indiana Department of Education. Descriptive Writing. Online at [accessed 04/18/09] Vancouver School District. Writing Mode Description. Online at [accessed 04/18/09]


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NEW MEXICO CLIMATE CENTER
New Mexico Crop Information
Cotton Water Production function or the relationship between Evapotranspiration and yield
Et = evapotranspiration or water used by crop.
y= 134.87 +14.25Et where y is kg/ha and Et is cm. The coefficient of determination is 0.66
The reference for this work is Sammis T. W. 1981. Yield of Alfalfa and Cotton as Influenced by Irrigation. Agronomy Journal 73:323-329
Cotton coefficient(k) to calculate evapotranspiration(ET) where Et=k*Eto
Eto = reference evapotranspiration or potential evapotranspiration referenced to grass.
Crop Coefficients use growing degree days (GDD) accumulated from planting based on the averaging method of calculating GDD with a maximum temperature cutoff of 30 C and a minimum cutoff temperature of 12.5 C. The Base Temperature is 12.5 C. To convert from GDD to Date get the accumulative heat units for the current year from the weather convert page. Use the metric format because the GDD days are metric units. To convert GDD in degree C to GDD in degree F multiply the value by 1.8.
The equation for the crop coefficient (k) is: k=4.24E-4 +1.20E-3 Gdd +4.62E-7 GDD^2-5.77E-10 GDD^3 with an R^2=0.76 based on data from Artesia and Las Cruces NM. The crop coefficient equation is appropriate for a furrow irrigated crop with cotton yield around 1800 kg/ha or 1600 lb/ac
The reference for this work is Sammis T. W., C. L. Mapel, D. G. Lugg, R. R. Lansford, J. T. Mc Guckin 1985. Evapotranspiration Crop Coefficients Predicted Using Growing Degree Days ASAE 28(3):773-780

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


An obstetrician wants to learn whether the amount of prenatal care and the wantedness of the pregnancy are associated. He randomly selects 939 women who had recently given birth and asks them to disclose whether their pregnancy was intended, unintended or mistimed. In addition they were to disclose when they started receiving prenatal care. If ever. The results of the survey are as follows
Wantedness of pregnancy Less than 3 months 3 to 5 months More than 5 months
intended 593 26 33
unintended 64 8 11
mistimed 169 19 16
a. compute the expected values of each cell under the assumption of independence
b. verify that the requirements for performing a chi square test of independence are satisfied.
c. Compute the chi square test statistic
d. Test whether prenatal care and the wantedness of pregnancy are independed at the α=0.05 level of significance
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Earthquake Glossary - turbidites
Turbidites are sea-bottom deposits formed by massive slope failures where rivers have deposited large deltas. These slopes fail in response to earthquake shaking or excessive sedimentation load. The temporal correlation of turbidite occurrence for some deltas of the Pacific Northwest suggests that these deposits have been formed by earthquakes.
Turbidites (interbedded with mudstones/siltstones) from the Ross Sandstone Formation Turbidite system of Namurian age in County Clare, Western Ireland. The sandstone beds were formed in a deep basin by turbidites coming from a delta area.

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Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Sunday, February 7, 2010
Freedivers Go Deep!!!
Free divingImage by annamatic3000 via Flickr
Even as a small boy paddling around the swimming pool, Doug Sitter never had a problem putting his face in the water. In fact, he didn't mind putting his whole body under the water – sometimes a long way under it.
Doug, now 33, is a "freediver," a small but growing group of enthusiasts who train their bodies to dive deep without scuba equipment. Those at the top of the sport can descend more than 300 feet using just the air they inhale into their lungs before descending.
"I started out as a young boy, diving for the rings at the bottom of the pool," says Doug, who quickly found he needed more water than that to satisfy his urge to go deep.
In his early childhood, his family lived in Deep River, Ontario. The Ottawa River was nearby and he was soon diving there "to see how deep I could go." Doug would go on to become Dive Master and a certified NLS lifeguard.
His water world expanded when he developed an interest in scuba diving from his fourth grade teacher. On returning from a dive trip to the Bahamas, the teacher told students of the underwater experiences there. Doug took up scuba, became certified, took more advanced courses such as enriched air nitrox and became a Dive Master. All this while still a teenager.
But he was also comfortable being underwater without scuba gear. By then, his family had moved to Exeter, Ontario, which brought Doug in contact with a sport that would lead to freediving. Just to the south of Exeter, in the city of London, Ontario, there was an underwater hockey league that interested him. The sport was a natural fit for Doug. At the bottom of the pool, players battled for control of a lead-filled puck using only speed fins, mask, snorkel and a short stick.
"It was all about speed and stick movements," Doug recalls.
By 2002, Doug learned from fellow underwater hockey players that Florida-based Performance Freediving was offering a program in Toronto. Doug and three other graduates of this course immediately started a club known as Freedive Toronto
In 2007 through his contacts with other Canadian Free divers he helped form AIDA Canada, which would become the Canadian affiliate of the international governing body of the sport, known as AIDA International
Association Internationale Pour Le Dveloppement De L'apne) Doug is the current president of Free Dive Toronto and vice-president of AIDA Canada.
AIDA Canada looks after education and how to develop both recreational and competitive free divers. This includes setting the standards for who represents Canada at the world championships.
Doug competed for Team Canada in the 2006 world freediving championships in Hurghada, Egypt that saw the Canadians place eighth out of 25 countries.
But for Doug Sitter, exploring the underwater world and experiencing nature up close was always the central interest of his water sports. To him, training the recreational diver in a sport that can be enjoyed by people of a wide range of ages is every bit as important as training the elite divers for international competition.
"It's a beautiful way to see the world," he says. "I can swim along a coast and not have the drag of scuba equipment. The air bubbles (from scuba gear) tend to scare fish. But the fish will sometimes come over to you if you just stay calm and quiet. I can swim along the surface and if there's something below that interests me I can go down and check it out. It's more like a scenic hike."
Doug says a freediver can see a lot in just 15 metres of water, which is easily attainable for even most recreational free divers.
Scuba gear isn't something you're likely to carry on a hike in to a remote area that you may want to dive. Instead, scuba has its place in pursuits such as exploring ship wrecks and caves.
Doug says the recreational side of freediving suffers from negative press of rare accidents caused by individuals who haven't been properly trained and may not even know what freediving is or what risks are involved. It is important if people are interested in getting involved they should find an AIDA affiliate club in their area and start making inquiries,he adds.
Freediving goes back centuries to ancient Egypt and China. People have always used their ability to extend the depths of their dives to collect food, shells and other objects on the ocean floor. The sport is beginning to grow in Canada and currently it has clubs in this country's three largest cities – Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.
As in golf, the competitive freedivers can serve as a measuring stick for those who just participate for the exercise and fun. To that end, there three main categories of competition: dynamic, static and constant ballast.
Dynamic is the distance a person can swim in the pool underwater, with or without fins. In men's competition, the world record is:
Men: 250 metres with fins and 213 m without.
Women: 214 metres with fins and 160 without
Static is how long a swimmer can hold his or her breath under water. The current world record is:
Men: 11 minutes, 35 seconds.
Women: 8 minutes, 23 seconds.
Constant ballast is the depth a competitor can reach, with or without fins. The current world records are:
Men: 122 metres with fins and 88 metres without.
Women: 101 metres with fins and 60 metres without
The idea is to test freedivers for time, depth and distance.
Equalizing pressure in the ears is a focus in depth training. Techniques include: Valsalva (holding your nose and blowing out to clear your ears); and Frenzel (holding air in your mouth and using the tongue to piston the air into the ears).
Staying relaxed is crucial. Panicking quickly uses up the finite supply of air the diver takes into his or her lungs. And obviously, a mental breakdown deep in the water is something to avoid.
Training also includes a video analysis of a student's kicks. Efficient kicking is central to performance. Usually, much larger fins are used, sometimes one very large fin that is propelled by both feet. "Long-blade fins are super effective and powerful," says Doug, but he cautions that you need training and conditioning to use them. Those who haven't yet developed that strength are better to start with shorter fin blades because the long ones will quickly tire them out.
Doug was on the Canadian safety team at the world individual depth competition for freediving in Long Island, Bahamas Nov. 24 to Dec. 5. That is a favourite site for freedivers because it is the home to Dean's Blue Hole, the deepest blue hole in the world, extending 300 metres below the ocean floor. Canada's team did well in the event. William Winram, who is from British Columbia but is now living in Switzerland, reached a depth of 86 metres in the "constant weight, no fins" men's event. (Constant weight means the competitor must return to the surface with any weight he wore on the way down. This is opposed to variable weight, where the diver can discard the weight before returning to the surface.) Winram's dive won him the silver medal and was just two metres short of the world record. That record was shattered by the gold medal winner, who descended 90 metres. In the women's constant weight, no fins class, Jana Strain of Calgary (now living in California) finished fourth and set a Canadian record with a dive of 54 metres.
The event was injury free. To protect competitors, safety team members go down 30 metres, stay there for a full minute, and still have enough left to assist a free diver in trouble up to the surface. The divers will have gone as deep as 120 metres without air, so if they're going to have trouble it's most likely to be in the last 25 to 30 metres on the way back up. Fitting safety team members with scuba gear is not an option because it's crucial to get a freediver in trouble to the surface as quickly as possible. A scuba diver would have to surface slowly to avoid problems with decompression. A freediverusually does not have to worry about the bends because he or she is not breathing compressed air.
The common characteristic of all the top performers in the sport is that they are "very relaxed people." That is why you will often see professional people doing the best in the sport because they are accustomed to dealing with the mental side.
Freediving is not a sport solely for the young. In fact, many of the top competitive divers are in their 30s and 40s. But that's nothing. Tom Elliott, who runs an underwater rugby program in Brantford, can hold his breath for 5:47. He is 73.
Kathy Dowsett
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I work with a large survey data that is pooled cross-section, i.e, people interviewed are randomly chosen in each time period. This is not panel data. But, I aggregate the individual cells according to age and gender groups and then run the regressions. Now that I work with age-gender groups, is this considered panel data?
Yes, you can consider this as panel data, but the key is to understanding why, as this affects how you explain and interpret your panel regression. In treating each cohort as the same unit over time, you are assuming that each cohort has a constant, unobserved fixed effect. That is, people in a particular age category and gender tend to have an unobserved effect on the dependent variable that is different to other cohorts.
Age increases over time, so, for example, the group aged 30–34 in year 1995 should be treated as the same group as the 35–39 year-olds in 2000. I suggest your time variable increases in steps of five years, as you indicated that your age categories are five-year bins.


't separate. If it wants to go to Dal Quor, it goes there in one piece. So it doesn't "dream", but it could planar travel. This ties to the second point. The mortals of Eberron are touched by all planes. War and peace, light and darkness, madness and dream; all of these things shape mortal minds. An immortal is a creature of one shade. It is PURE war, unadulterated madness or dream. It is a physical embodiment of the core ideas of its plane. A rakshasa or a Fernian balor has no innate connection to Dal Quor; dreams aren't part of their core identity.
Having said that, could a Khyberian Overlord find a way to project itself into Dal Quor? Sure. If that's the story you want to have happen, make an explanation. Perhaps Bel Shalor's connection to the Silver Flame lets it ride mortal spirits into Dal Quor. Perhaps the followers of the Voice In The Darkness have created an eldritch machine that lets her push into the realm of dreams. If you want it to happen, decide what it takes. But it's not normal, and it would be a significant event.
Furthermore, it also states that "the only way to reach Dal Quor from the Material Plane is through the psychic projection of dreaming." Does this mean that only mortals on the material plane dream? What about mortals on other planes? What about mortals from the material plane traveling to other planes?
As noted above, creatures of Eberron are inherently shaped by all of the planes, and it its this connection to Dal Quor that lets us go there when we dream. Many of the planes don't HAVE mortal inhabitants… or their mortal inhabitants are immigrants (or descendants of immigrants) from the material plane. I would say that most native mortals don't go to Dal Quor when they sleep; in this I'll point to the Eladrin, who don't dream. Do traveling mortals dream? I'd say it depends on the plane. In Fernia, you might dream in Dal Quor; however, planes such as Baator (well, demiplanes) or Dolurrh might have a spiritual gravity that prevents you from escaping through dreams.
Do some noble lords have their own armies, as in feudal societies?
Yes and no. If you look to Karrnath, while the army has a national command structure, individual forces are raised and maintained by the noble families; the leaders of each family are known as warlords. So while the army typically serves the coordinated vision of the king, every soldier is personally loyal to a specific warlord, and any warlord could choose to remove his support from the king – something Kaius has to keep in mind. While this has been specifically called out in Karrnath, I imagine it's the basic model for most of the nations: nobles are charged to raise and maintain elements of the national armies. Beyond this, there's nothing stopping nobles from having their own private forces. The only restriction that's ever been mentioned is the Korth Edicts, which prevent Dragonmarked Houses from having armies. If a noble of Galifar wants an army and can afford to maintain it, that's their business.
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I understand that in the limit that h_bar goes to zero, the Feynman path integral is dominated by the classical path, and then using the stationary phase approximation we can derive an approximation for the propagator which is a function of the classical trajectory (see _URL_ pg 46).
I am under the impression that this further implies that the particle follows the classical trajectory but I don't understand how the above mentioned fact implies this.
The propagator describes the time-evolution of the wavefunction, so I would think that this classical limit form of the propagator should give a time-evolution in which the wavefunction follows the classical trajectory, but I have not been able to find such work. Moreover, even this statement itself is problematic since the wavefunction describes a probability distribution and not a single trajectory.
$\textbf{New Edit:}$ In section 7 of Feynman's paper introducing the path integral (see _URL_ he discusses the classical limit. It appears that the key to understanding why the fact that the classical path dominates the path integral further implies that the particle follows the classical trajectory may be found in Feynman's remark on pg 21: "Now we ask, as $\hbar → 0$ what values of the intermediate coordinates $x_i$ contribute most strongly to the integral? These will be the values most likely to be found by experiment and therefore will determine, in the limit, the classical path." However, I don't understand why "These will be the values most likely to be found by experiment"?
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Related question by OP: physics.stackexchange.com/q/32110/2451 – Qmechanic Jul 17 '12 at 21:18
Feynman simply means that the coordinates $x_i$ that contribute most strongly to the integral will be the ones with highest probability should one inquire about the particle's position at some intermediate time. – Emilio Pisanty Aug 11 '12 at 23:29
Cross-posted from mathoverflow.net/questions/102415 – Qmechanic Oct 26 '12 at 21:26
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
The semiclassical limit you're describing says that the amplitude for a particle to get from here to there in a set time is equal to the exponential of the classical action for the corresponding classical trajectory. In symbols this reads $$\langle x_b|U(T)|x_a\rangle=\int \mathcal{D}\varphi e^{iS[\phi]/\hbar} \approx e^{{i}S[\varphi_\textrm{cl}(x_a,x_b,T)]/\hbar}.$$ In a general quantum state, however, particles are not "here" and don't end up "there": they have an initial probability amplitude $\langle x|\psi(0)\rangle$ for being at each position $x$ at time $t=0$ and will have a final probability amplitude $\langle x|\psi(T)\rangle$ for being at position $x$ at time $T$. To apply the approximation, you pull out the propagator and insert a resolution of the identity: $$\langle x|\psi(T)\rangle=\int dy\langle x|U(T)|y\rangle\langle y|\psi(0)\rangle=\int dye^{{i}S[\varphi_\textrm{cl}(y,x,T)]/\hbar}\langle y|\psi(0)\rangle.$$
To get a full semiclassical limit, you also need a semiclassical initial state (since otherwise you've obviously got no hope!). You take, then, a state with (relatively) sharply defined position and momentum (of course, the state will occupy some finite region of phase space but you usually can assume, in these circumstances, that it is small enough), and this will make the amplitudes for points outside the classical trajectory interfere destructively and vanish.
So how does this happen? For one, $y$ must be close to the initial position, $y_0$ in order to contribute to the integral. For small displacements of the endpoints, then, the action along the classical trajectory varies as $$\delta S=p_{\varphi,x}\delta x-p_{\varphi,y}\delta y$$ (cf. Lanczos, The Variational Principles of Mechanics, 4th edition, Dover, eqs 53.3 and 68.1, or simply do the standard integration by parts and set $\int\delta L dx=0$ along the classical trajectory). The main contribution of the initial state to the phase is of the form $e^{ip_\textrm{cl}y}$, which means that the integral has more or less the form, up to a phase, $$\langle x|\psi(T)\rangle\approx \int_{y_0-\Delta x/2}^{y_0+\Delta x/2}e^{i(p_{\varphi,y}-p_\textrm{cl})y/\hbar}dy.$$
Here the momentum $p_{\varphi,y}$ is determined by $x$ and (to leading order) $y_0$, since there is a unique classical path that connects them. This momentum must match (to precision $\Delta p\approx \hbar/\Delta x$, which we assume negligible in this semiclassical limit) the classical momentum of the initial state, $p_\textrm{cl}$, and therefore only those $x$'s on the trajectory determined by the initial state will have nonzero amplitudes.
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Thank you for your answer. I don't understand why "this will make the amplitudes for points outside the classical trajectory interfere destructively and vanish." Could you please explain this. Also, please see my new edit to the question. Thank you. – dab Aug 10 '12 at 23:18
Thank you very much for your reply. There are a few things which I could use some more details on to better understand your answer. Rather than getting into detailed questions, I was wondering if you know of a textbook or paper which goes through your argument. Thank you. – dab Aug 12 '12 at 22:59
I don't really know any references with this material but I would very much like to see one. I'm also rather grateful to you for forcing me to work this out clearly. – Emilio Pisanty Aug 14 '12 at 2:47
It's NOT true in general that the semiclassical limit is always dominated by stationary solutions of the original bare Lagrangian. Instead, the best quasiclassical limit looks more like the coarse grained consistent histories framework aka decoherent histories along the dynamically determined pointer basis.
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Mao's Last Dancers Analysis
627 Words3 Pages
Risk taking is an essential aspect of reaching one's desires and dreams, especially when it comes to crossing boundaries. These risks, physical or metaphorical, will require the individual to step out of their comfort zone and summon the courage to test the extend of their limits, in order to grow and embrace the changes during the process. While these risks are worthy one must accept the inevitability of losing a part of their identity. Examples of risk taking include; stepping into the unknown, searching for freedom, and breaking traditions. All of these decisions include the possibility of successes and failures as explored in both the texts Mao's last dancer and VillaWood Mums. Stepping into the unknown is an example of crossing boundaries that comes with a risk. The main risk of this decision is the fear and anxiety associated with what is lurking behind the shadows on an unknown path. The desire for achieving dreams sometimes, requires us to consider stumbling into the darkness of the unknown. Within Mao's Last Dancer, Li risks his own happiness by stepping into a path that was so new and unfamiliar. Despite the fact that Li didn't know what to expect and missing his family, stepping into the unknown had a positive outcome at the end. By taking this risk Li was able to grow and develop as an individual through embracing the changes and opportunities he…show more content…
With this risk comes the possibility of looking in the wrong places and being denied the freedom you seek. This risk is increased in circumstances when the choice is made by a corrupt political environment. The yearning for freedom occurs multiple times within the text Mao's Last Dancer, Li seeks freedom from the political restriction both physically and mentally. Li was restricted to ideas and beliefs he had since growing up, he was not allowed to have an identity of his own, under the restriction of Mao's Communist
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It is estimated that 300 million people use Google every day in their quest to find information on the web. Imagine having the ability to not only search online text files for specific words but also to search audio files for specific sounds. Thanks in part to Messiah College Engineering Professor Randy Fish, that technology is now patented.
Fish and a team of five others have spent the past seven years perfecting and patenting "audio hot spotting," a search engine technology that allows users to search audio files for a specific word or phrase, a particular speaker, a speaker's tone, or characteristics like laughter and applause.
This type of "audio hot spotting" might, for example, be helpful to a user who only wants to hear the portions of a speech that caused an audience to react with applause or laughter.
The challenge, according to Fish, was developing the artificial intelligence algorithms able to discern emotion in a voice, regardless of whether the voice is male or female, and to recognize applause and laughter generically.
Other systems attempt this type of audio searching, Fish says, but only this patented system gives users access to emotions and non-speaking sounds in addition to searching on what was said or who said it.


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Migraine Pressure Point | Headache Relief Pressure PointsTweet
What are the pressure points to relieve a migraine?
A migraine pressure point is a place on your body that when pressed they will relieve the pain of migraine. A migraine pressure point releases congested energy and blood from the head. The effect of barometric pressure on the migraine headache.
Some things to relieve the migraine Pressure Point
- Many people think relief will come from a massage.
- Finger pressure points test is useful for to relieve migraine pressure point.
- Rest will relieve the migraine.
- Using acupressure to relieve headaches and migraine pain.
- Using thumbs gently massage points located on temples. You are supposed to barely touch the skin, the purpose of this part is to relax the patient.
Migraine Pressure Point
The location of migraine pressure point are as follows
- Migraine Pressure Point at Base of Skull
- Migraine Pressure Point at Mid-Forehead
- Migraine Pressure Point at Eye Corners
- Migraine Pressure Point on Hand
- Migraine Pressure Point on Foot


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Sridhar Acharya (c. 870, India – c. 930 India) was an Indian mathematician, Sanskrit pundit and philosopher. He was born in Bhurishresti (Bhurisristi or Bhurshut) village in South Radha (at present Hughli) in the 10th Century AD. His father's name was Baladev Acharya and mother's name was Acchoka. His father was also a Sanskrit pundit.
He was known for two treatises: Trisatika (sometimes called the Patiganitasara) and the Patiganita. His major work Patiganitasara was named Trisatika because it was written in three hundred slokas. The book discusses counting of numbers, measures, natural number, multiplication, division, zero, squares, cubes, fraction, rule of three, interest-calculation, joint business or partnership and mensuration.
 - He gave an exposition on zero. He has written, "If 0(zero) is added to any number,the sum is the same number; If 0(zero) is subtracted from any number,the number remains unchanged; If 0(zero) is multiplied by any number,the product is 0(zero)". He has said nothing about division of any number by 0(zero).
 - In the case of dividing a fraction he has found out the method of multiplying the fraction by the reciprocal of the divisor.
 - He wrote on practical applications of algebra separated algebra from arithmetic
 - He was one of the first to give a formula for solving quadratic equations.
 - He found the formula :-
ax^2 + bx + c = 0
 4a^2x^2 + 4abx + 4ac = 0 (Multiply by 4a)
Sridhara is now believed to have lived in the ninth and tenth centuries. However, there has been much dispute over his date and in different works the dates of the life of Sridhara have been placed from the seventh century to the eleventh century. The best present estimate is that he wrote around 900 AD, a date which is deduced from seeing which other pieces of mathematics he was familiar with and also seeing which later mathematicians were familiar with his work. Some historians give Bengal as the place of his birth while other historians believe that Sridhara was born in southern India.
Sridhara is known as the author of two mathematical treatises, namely the Trisatika (sometimes called the Patiganitasara ) and the Patiganita. However at least three other works have been attributed to him, namely the Bijaganita, Navasati, and Brhatpati. Information about these books was given the works of Bhaskara II (writing around 1150), Makkibhatta (writing in 1377), and Raghavabhatta (writing in 1493).
K.S. Shukla examined Sridhara's method for finding rational solutions of Nx^2 \pm\ 1 = y^2, 1 - Nx^2 = y^2, Nx^2 \pm\ C = y^2, C - Nx^2 = y^2which Sridhara gives in the Patiganita. Shukla states that the rules given there are different from those given by other Hindu mathematicians.
Sridhara was one of the first mathematicians to give a rule to solve a quadratic equation. Unfortunately, as indicated above, the original is lost and we have to rely on a quotation of Sridhara's rule from Bhaskara II:-
Multiply both sides of the equation by a known quantity equal to four times the coefficient of the square of the unknown; add to both sides a known quantity equal to the square of the coefficient of the unknown; then take the square root.
Proof of the Sridhar Acharya Formula,
let us consider,
ax^2 + bx + c = 0
 - Multipling both sides by 4a,
4a^2x^2 + 4abx + 4ac = 0
 - Substracting 4ac from both sides,
4a^2x^2 + 4abx = -4ac
 - Then adding b^2 to both sides,
4a^2x^2 + 4abx + b^2= - 4ac + b^2
 - We know that,
 - Using it in the equation,
 - Taking square roots,
 - Hence, dividing by 2a get
x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac\ }}{2a}.
In this way, he found the proof of 2 roots.


C Integer Types
Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn various C integer types including signed and unsigned integers.
C IntegerC signed integer types
C provides you with five signed integer types. Each integer type has several synonyms.
The following table illustrates the first five integer types with their corresponding synonyms:
Integer TypesSynonymsNotes
signed char
intsigned, signed int
shortshort int, signed short, signed short int
longlong int, signed long, signed long int
long longlong long int, signed long long, signed long long intAvailable since C99
C unsigned integer types
For each signed integer, C also provides the corresponding unsigned integer type that has the same memory size as the signed integer type.
The following table illustrates the unsigned integer type:
Signed Integer Typesunsigned Integer Types
charunsigned char
intunsigned int
shortunsigned short
longunsigned long
long longunsigned long long
C integer types value ranges
C defines exactly minimum storage size of each integer type e.g., short takes at least two byes, long takes at least 4 bytes. Regardless of the C's implementation, the size of integer types must follows the order below:
The following table gives you the common sizes of the integer types in C:
TypeStorage sizeMinimum valueMaximum value
char1 byte-128127
unsigned char1 byte0255
signed char1 byte-128127
int2 bytes or 4 bytes-32,768 or -2,147,483,64832,767 or 2,147,483,647
unsigned int2 bytes or 4 bytes065,535 or 2,147,483,647
short2 bytes-32,76832,767
unsigned short2 bytes065,535
long4 bytes-2,147,483,6482,147,483,647
unsigned long4 bytes04,294,967,295
long long(C99)8 bytes-9,223,372,036, 854,775,8089,223,372,036, 854,775,807
unsigned long long8 bytes018,446,744,073, 709,551,615
The value ranges of integer types can be found in the limits.h header fileThis header file contains the macros that define minimum and maximum values of each integer type e.g., INT_MIN, INT_MAX for minimum and maximum size of the integer.
Getting the sizes of integer types
To obtain the size of an integer type, or any type, you use the sizeof() operator. The following program demonstrates how to use the sizeof() operator to get the sizes of various integer types in your system.
The following is the output in our system:
In this tutorial, we have introduced various C integer types and shown you how to use the sizeof() operator to get the sizes of an integer types in your system.


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Keeping the turkey moist during cooking
Because turkey breast meat is so lean, you need to protect it from drying out during cooking. There are different ways of doing this. The simplest are using steam, using covers or basting. More effort is required for brining.
For a brine recipe, please follow this link.
Many cooks swear by brining as a way of ensuring that the turkey remains moist during roasting but this is not an essential step. Brining the turkey simply means that it is soaked in a salty (brine) solution with added flavourings and seasonings prior to cooking. It is usual to brine overnight or for a minimum of six hours. To be absolutely safe, brining should take place in the refrigerator. Raw meat of any kind should not be stored at room temperature. The difficulty here, is that a turkey in a container of brine takes up a lot of space and many people don't have enough spare refrigeration space to do this.
The following steps provide an alternative safe method for brining without a refrigerator:
- Refrigerate the prepared brine solution until thoroughly chilled
- Sterilise a plastic chilly bin (insulated cooler bin/"Esky") by rinsing with boiling water and wiping dry with paper towels. Allow it to cool down. Use a cooler size that will allow the turkey enough room to be surrounded by liquid but is not overly large.
- Pour the chilled brine into the cooler.
- Using clean hands, place the thawed turkey breast-side down into the brine.
- Fill two or three sealable plastic bags with crushed or cubed ice and pack these around the turkey (as many as you can fit). Don't use loose ice cubes as these will dilute the strength and flavour of the brine.
- Put on the lid and place the cooler bin in a cool place.
- Half way through the brining, turn the turkey over and check the ice, replenishing the ice if needed.
- After removing the turkey from the brine, rinse it inside and out with cold water, drain and pat dry with paper towels before continuing with cooking preparations.
- Discard the brine and sterilise the cooler bin.
This is the method that the Croziers use most often. Simply pour water into the bottom of the roasting pan and keep it topped up during the cooking. As the turkey cooks, the water will create a steamy atmosphere that keeps the flesh moist. Additional suggestions include:
Place a rack / cake rack /trivet in the roasting pan so that the turkey is held above the liquid and is less likely to "stew" on the base.
Use flavoured liquids instead of water e.g turkey or chicken stock mixed with wine or fruit juice and herbs.
Using a cover
Start the roasting process by placing a sheet of baking (silicon) paper over the breast and then sealing it with a layer of foil. If baking paper isn't used, the foil tends to stick to the turkey skin and pulls pieces off when removed. After calculating the cooking time, leave the foil in place for half of the cooking time, removing it in order to allow the skin to colour before cooking has finished.
Basting is the technique of spooning fat and cooking juices over the breast of the bird at regular intervals during the entire roasting process. It is a good idea to baste every 20-30 minutes. Basting can be done with a basting brush, a spoon or a turkey baster. A turkey baster is a simple tool that sucks up cooking juices and when squeezed can release them onto the turkey breast. The disadvantage of basting is that the oven has to be opened regularly, which lowers the oven temperature and interrupts the cooking process so make sure you work quickly.
Stuffing-To stuff or not to stuff?
Turkeys that are stuffed take longer to cook than turkeys that aren't. This is because the stuffing forms a dense mass in the centre of the bird and heat takes much longer to penetrate to the centre.
If you are cooking the turkey with stuffing inside the cavity, make sure that the stuffing has been prepared and chilled beforehand. Turkeys can be stuffed in two places: the main cavity and the neck-end cavity. Some cooks like to use a different stuffing for each part; others use the same. During cooking, most types of stuffing expand a little so don't overstuff and do leave a little space. Place the stuffing in lightly and compactly but not too forcefully. The stuffing needs to be sealed in so either use small skewers or a large needle threaded with cotton-string (not plastic stringit melts) and sew the flaps of skin together. The alternative is to cook the stuffing in a separate baking dish and serve as a side accompaniment.
How far ahead can the turkey be stuffed?
Don't be too eager. It's best to stuff the turkey just before you want to start cooking. You could stuff an hour or two ahead as long as you then store the turkey in the refrigerator until cooking begins.
DON'T STUFF THE DAY BEFORE. To an extent, the stuffing is insulated from the cold temperatures of the refrigerator by the turkey cavity. If there are any harmful bacteria present inside the turkey or in the stuffing, they can multiply during storage.
Knowing when it's cooked
Estimating cooking times
We recommend a total cooking time of 15 minutes per 500g plus an extra 15 minutes when cooking at 180°C. A 5 kg turkey takes approximately 2¾ hours. A 5 ½ kg turkey takes approximately 3 hours.
A whole turkey and turkey parts are safe when cooked to a minimum internal temperature of 80 °C (176 °F) as measured with a food thermometer. Check the internal temperature in the innermost part of the thigh and the thickest part of the breast or if the turkey is stuffed, check the temperature in the centre of the stuffing. Remember that if you have inserted the thermometer into the turkey and the temperature is not safe, you must sterilize the thermometer probe before re-using it. Otherwise, you risk contaminating the cooked meat
PopUp Timer
If your Crozier turkey has a pop-up timer inserted in the breast, it will pop up when it reaches the temperature of 85 °C (185 °F).
If you pierce the thickest part of the turkey thigh with a skewer, juices will run out. If the juices run clear the turkey is cooked. If there is still some pinkness (blood) present, longer cooking is required.
In addition to the skewer test, give the drumstick a wiggle The leg should move freely when cooked, with little resistance.
Why is turkey meat (and chicken) sometimes pink close to the bone, even when it is fully cooked to 80 °C degrees or higher?
Younger turkeys (and chickens) have underdeveloped porous bones, which may allow red pigmentation (haemoglobin) to run into the meat. If the bird is fully cooked (80 °C and the thigh juices run clear) the meat is safe to eat even if there is some pink colouring in the flesh surrounding the bones.
After removing your delicious cooked turkey from the oven, lift it from the roasting pan to a carving platter or board and lightly cover it with foil. Allow it to rest for about 10 minutes while you prepare the gravy. Resting allows time for the flesh to relax and for juices to be reabsorbed into the meat before carving.
There are a number of methods used to carve turkey. Here is one:
- Keeping the turkey on its back (breast-side up), cut the skin between the thigh and the body.
- Remove the entire leg (thigh and drum) on both sides.
- Place the legs flat on a chopping board and cut between the thighs and the drums to separate them.
- Pull each wing outward from the body and cut through the joints where they join the body.
- Cut the wings in half at their joints.
- Insert the knife on one side of the breast bone as close to the bone as possible. Cut along the side of the breast bone. Using the knife, follow the rib cage and cut down under the breast meat, lifting it away from the rib cage.
- Repeat for the second side. (An alternative is to carve the breast in slices directly from the turkey)
- Cut the breast meat into slices or portions.
- If you have stuffed the turkey, remove the stuffing with a spoon into a serving bowl.
Even though you'll be enjoying your turkey dinner, don't forget that unserved turkey meat will make great leftovers. But only if you treat your leftovers with respect. Don't leave them sitting out in the kitchen all night. Make sure you package and chill them within two hours or removing from the oven.
Place leftover turkey into a dish and cover with plastic wrap before refrigerating. Store for a maximum of two three days at 4 °C.
Place leftovers into a freezer bag or wrap in plastic wrap. Squeeze out as much air as possible before freezing. Mark with the date. Use within one month
Wines to serve with roast turkey
- Light bodied aromatic e.g Pinot gris (dry rather than sweet style)
- Medium bodied fruity e.g Pinot noir
- Medium bodied deep full flavour e.g Merlot


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Trust Deed Investments
Home / Trust Deed Investments
HML investments teamhard money lenders California
Learn more about Trust deed investing & Mortgage Pools on our Partner Website: _URL_
What is Trust deed investing?
Banks are reluctant to lend to this market not because the loans are particularly risky, but because banks have a great deal of bad real estate loans on their balance sheets as a consequence of the loose lending practices of recent years. Presently, banks are unwilling to make real estate loans unless they fit a very strict set of criteria. They often do not want to lend to opportunistic real estate investors because the property which is security for the loan is not "move-in ready" at the time of loan funding—it usually needs some work. For this reason, real estate investors have limited financing options available to them, and lenders to this market are able to command relatively high interest rates.
Who are the borrowers and how can they afford to pay double digit interest rates?
Why are banks reluctant to lend to this market?
What makes trust deed investing attractive?
What is the margin of safety in a trust deed investment?
The margin of safety is the difference between the loan amount, and the value of the underlying property. The core concept of trust deed investing is that if the borrower does not perform, the lender can foreclose on the property and sell it to recoup the investment, plus any past due interest. If the loan is sufficiently conservative, i.e. the property value is high relative to the loan amount, then the investment should not lose money even if the borrower defaults on the loan. A well structured trust deed investment might have a loan-to-value of 65%.
What are the disadvantages and risks associated with trust deed investing?
With Trust Deed investing there is little chance for capital appreciation. For the most part the only returns that the investor will be entitled to will come from interest income generated from the loan.
What returns can trust deed investors expect?
Why do trust deeds yield more than bonds?
Trust deed investing seems too good to be true. What is the catch?
The risk adjusted returns of trust deed investments are very attractive. That being said, there is no such thing as a free lunch. First of all these investments are not liquid and therefore cannot be converted into cash quickly. Secondly, there is real risk involved, the most obvious of which being that the borrower defaults and the lender cannot sell the home for more than the amount of the loan. To a great extent this risk can be mitigated by properly valuing the property and structuring the deal with a high enough margin of safety.
That being said, investing in trust deeds can be done in a safe manner. The investor needs to be armed with the proper knowledge and to take care in crafting each investment including conducting the proper financial analysis and thorough due diligence.
During the recent financial crisis, real estate loans caused billions of dollars in losses. How are new investments in real estate loans any safer?
During the financial crisis, real estate values dropped about 40% from peak to trough. Given that many real estate loans were set at 75% or more of market value, there was no way to avoid lenders taking losses. In the latest financial crisis, lenders' losses were exacerbated by a number of factors including the following: (1) many residential loans were made at 80%, 85% or even 90% of market value, so that the original margin of safety for the lenders was very slim; (2) many loans were made to borrowers with poor credit; (3) in the case of commercial real estate loans, some loans were for development of high rise buildings and subdivisions that only made sense under very optimistic assumptions.
Today's real estate loan investments are not immune from losses. However, the risk is lower to the extent that: (1) another 40% drop in values from today's much lower values is unlikely; (2) experienced bridge lenders limit their loan amount to 60% or 65% of current market value; (3) most bridge lenders require a personal guarantee and require that the borrower have good credit and a good balance sheet.
Why don't major Wall Street firms offer trust deed investments?
In short, Wall Street firms cannot make enough money from trust deed investments to make it worth their while. The size of each investment and the work involved in creating each investment properly combine to make this business "non-scalable" from their perspective. It is the absence of huge amounts of capital in this market that explains the strong risk-adjusted returns available to those willing and able to participate in the market. However, Wall Street banks are major players in the securitized loan industry, which does relate to trust deed investing.
How does the securitized loan market relate to and impact the market for trust deed investments?
In the universe of real estate loans, many loans are funded by a bank or other financial institution and held on the bank's balance sheet as an asset. Other loans are funded by the lender with the intention that the loan will be sold off within a period of weeks to an investor who will package the loan with others and then sell a security in the capital markets whose underlying assets include the loan.
Yet another variation for commercial real estate loans are Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS). In this case, a Wall Street firm makes the loan using its own funds and then sells off the loan as part of a security when enough loans have been funded to create a diversified pool of loans.
What will happen if Wall Street increases its issuance of Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS)?
During the financial crisis, the volume of CMBS loans plummeted from the record levels achieved before the crash. As the CMBS market recovers, it will absorb more loans that might have otherwise gone to private lenders. However, for opportunistic situations that require quick funding, and for unstabilized properties that don't have steady cash flow, there is always a role for competent private lenders and trust deed investors.
What makes your money protected?
2. Your lien position is always 1st. This is very important to be in first position because if borrower will default on the loan, you will be the first person to get paid.
What is C-ALTA title insurance:
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Goals provide a way for Google Fit users to track their health and fitness progress. For example, a user can set a goal to walk a certain number of steps per day, or burn a certain number of calories per week. Once the user has set a goal, it is tracked on the Fit platform. Your app can read user goals to stay in sync, and use this data to provide a more consistent and enjoyable user experience by providing updates and insights related to the user's progress.
How goals work
Goals represent measurements of the user's health and fitness. In the Fit app, users can set goals for specific activities such as running or bicycling. Each goal can have associated metrics such as frequency, active time, or distance. For example, when setting a bicycling goal, users can define the goal in several ways:
- Bike a certain number of times each day, week, or month.
- Bike for a certain amount of time per day, week, or month.
- Bike for a certain number of miles per day, week, or month.
Users can also set more general goals such as:
- Take a certain number of steps per day, week, or month.
- Be active for a certain amount of time per day, week, or month.
- Burn a certain amount of calories each day, week, or month.
Your app can keep current with the user's goal data to provide a more consistent and enjoyable user experience. You can then use this information to help the user to reach their goals.
Use the Goals API to read all of the user's goals.


Old Python bindings
From VideoLAN Wiki
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Python binding documentation
For a while, there has been a basic python binding for libvlc, that was used for streaming. A more complete (with a hopefully generic API that can be reused by other players) has been developped, based on the MediaControlAPI.
Sources are browsable from python binding and a code sample can be found in [1].
The vlc python module provides 2 main classes : MediaControl and Object.
vlc.Object provides a binding to the vlc object architecture. It allows to manipulate variables and configuration options, and explore the object hierrarchy. The vlcdebug.py script, located in the python bindings directory, wraps around the vlc.Object to provide an easier access to variables and objects (as illustrated in the code sample in [2]).
vlc.MediaControl implements the MediaControlAPI.
Methods taking positions as parameters expect a vlc.Position object, that provides a very flexible way to address absolute or relative positions, in a number of units (milliseconds, frames or bytes). For convenience, the python binding automatically converts integer positions into milliseconds vlc.Position objects.
Tips and tricks
Snapshot support
In order to get snapshot support, you have to activate the snapshot vout module through a clone video filter. The following code gives a way to achieve this :
 mc=vlc.MediaControl([ "--vout-filter", "clone" ])
 o.config_set("clone-vout-list", "default,snapshot")
 o.config_set("snapshot-width", 320)
 o.config_set("snapshot-height", 200)
Note that all config options could have been given on the command line, but this illustrates the use of the vlc.Object API.
There is a snapshot functionality built in the vlc core, associated to a hotkey. The MediaControlAPI could (should ?) use it, but
 - it did not exist at the time the extension was developped
 - the builtin snapshot functionality is oriented towards interactive use (hotkey activation, saving into a file) and should be revamped to take into accound a more programmatic use
 - the snapshot vout module holds a cache of reduced-size snapshots, that allow to take into account the reaction time of the user (around 200ms) and also to select the more appropriate snapshot from the cache.
Win32 initialization
If the vlc module was not compiled with the exact same prefix as the VLC installation (e.g. c:\\Program Files\\Videolan), then it cannot find itself the installation directory (stored in the registry Software\VideoLAN\VLC\Path), and the MediaControl instanciation will fail with a message like "Cannot find interface plugins".
The workaround consists in changing directory to the VLC installation directory before instanciating the MediaControl object.
 def get_registry_value (self, subkey, name):
 import _winreg
 value = None
 for hkey in _winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, _winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER:
 reg = _winreg.OpenKey(hkey, subkey)
 value, type_id = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg, name)
 except _winreg.error:
 return value
 if vlcpath is None:
 print "Cannot locate VLC installation directory"


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Measurement of complex surfaces in industrial plants
In a tremendously competitive business context, the ability to make decisions efficiently and with the least risk is the key to success. For this, it is essential to have as much valuable information as possible and be able to process it efficiently in real time, so the challenge lies in achieving the automation and monitoring of production processes.
Vicomtech's work on this project responds to two main technological challenges:
On the one hand the reduction of the measurement time, hitherto executed manually in two phases, first by an expert in a metrology laboratory and then by the plant operators through manual calipers.
To be able to do it in the own plant, without having to go to a laboratory
The result of the project has resulted in the installation of a scanning equipment and the software developed for the SK / inspect project that processes clouds of 3D points that can capture up to more than 3 million points for each object analyzed. This software includes all the phases of the measurement process, from the definition of the process to the realization of the measurements and the visualization of the results through an interactive 3D viewer.
The advantages that this system brings to the industrial plant are the following:
- Simplification of the interaction with the operator, so that you can use the measuring equipment without having knowledge of metrology
- High process automation
- Provision of remote control tools that ensure that the control plan is being executed correctly.


Beef Thawing Equipment
Beef is a standard meat product nowadays. Before eating the meat taken out from the refrigerator, we usually need to thaw it under room temperature or in cold water. In factories, thawing large pieces of frozen meat in this way before processing not only takes a long time but also has problems such as uneven temperature inside and outside, dark color, poor quality, and easy to grow bacteria.
The traditional beef thawing method usually uses water, air and vacuum condensation vapor medium to achieve thawing effect through heat conduction. There are mainly the following ways:
1.Airflow thawing: By adjusting the temperature difference among food, airflow, and the airflow velocity. Heat is transmitted to the freezer through the gas's static pressure in the product's surface boundary layer so that the fridge can achieve the purpose of thawing. This method has strong adaptability and little equipment investment, but the thawing time is long, and the efficiency is low.
2.Water thawing: Similar to air thawing, except that the medium is changed into water. Compared with air thawing technology, it is slightly better. Still, it is also inefficient and time-consuming and requires a lot of water resources that can not meet the standards of environmental protection.
The above two methods are traditional processing technology. During the freezing process, the surface temperature of food decreases, and the bacteria are inhibited. During the thawing process, the same surface area of food is also where the temperature rises. Because of the long thawing time, the bacteria reproduction starts again.
For more extensive materials, the surface begins to rot before thawing completely, aggravating the weight loss rate of raw materials. Because of the shortcomings of the above methods, our new professional beef thawing equipment is specially designed for meat products, seafood, aquatic products, and quick-frozen food thawing.
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
What are the significant advantages of beef thawing equipment compared with traditional thawing equipment?
1. Beef thawing equipment uses microwave thawing, adopting PLC system and temperature control module to precisely control temperature. Traditional thawing methods can not accurately control the temperature.
2. Traditional thawing time is extended. For example, water thawing takes more than 8-10 hours, natural thawing of air may take more than 24 hours. Microwave can go deep into the material and heat directly without heat conduction. The same material microwave equipment can be completed in half an hour.
For frozen meat pieces with a weight of 25 Kg and a shape size of 600 mm x 400 mm x 230 mm, it takes only 2 to 4 minutes for them to be rewarmed to -4 ~2 ~C by microwave thawing equipment at – 18 ~C. Processing capacity is related to meat quality, that is, the dielectric constant of meat. The bigger the meat quality, the smaller the processing capacity of lean meat.
Taking 100 kW microwave thawing equipment as an example, the reference data for theoretical estimation of the thawing capacity of frozen meat from – 18 C are as follows. The actual throughput varies according to the specific situation.
Temperature requirement90% Lean meat50% Lean meat
3. Thawing quality also is the focus of customers' concern. Meat products after natural air thawing have a dark color, while meat products after water thawing show gray-white color. Meat products after microwave thawing are still the same color as fresh meat.
Before Thawing
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
4. The traditional thawing method has a high meat loss rate. As for water loss, other ways generally lose more than 5% of the water, while microwave thawing can be controlled within 1%.
5. At the same time, air thawing and water thawing will produce a large amount of sewage. As an industrial production, it also needs supporting high-cost sewage treatment equipment, while microwave thawing does not need to be used for pollution-free and environmental protection.
6. The microwave thawing equipment is operated by a touch screen, which can set computer operation procedures suitable for the requirements of thawing process specifications and realize fully automatic operation. Moreover, the equipment can run continuously with high reliability.
The effects of different thawing methods on the nutritional composition of meat products were compared.
IndicatorFresh ContrastAir ThawingCold HydrolysisHot Water ThawingMicrowave Thawing
Crude Fat3.08±0.111.08±0.141.74±0.351.68±0.282.52±0.05
crude protein30.93±1.4630.08±0.5929.18±2.0828.79±0.5929.52±0.66
Ash content1.13±0.011.63±0.061.45±0.111.44±0.071.61±0.11
As shown in the figure, the determination of muscle combinations showed that the muscle moisture content of microwave thawing was significantly higher than that of new control. In addition to the lowest moisture content of air thawing, it may be due to the long time required for air thawing, resulting in more muscle moisture loss.
The content of muscle crude fat and crude protein was significantly lower than that of new control after treatment with different thawing methods. Still, compared with another way, microwave thawing was good for maintaining crude muscle fat and crude protein content. In thawing, the microwave thawing method cannot damage the muscular fibers in meat products and change the internal structure of cells. It could also reduce the rupture of cell membranes, ensure the loss of juice, and reduce nutritional value.
Nowadays, there are many manufacturers producing microwave equipment to thawing and sterilizing. Faced with the microwave thawing equipment produced by many companies, our company ranks first in equipment technology and pays more attention to environmental protection and pollution-free equipment.
1. Beef thawing equipment is a new type of food thawing equipment developed independently by our company by introducing foreign advanced technology.
2. By referring to the following data and comparing with other companies' microwave equipment, our company's machine has the advantages of:
Microwave drying equipmentOther microwave drying equipment
Microwave frequency915±25MHz915±25MHz
Microwave powerAbove 20kw-200kw（continuously adjustable）35kW
Transfer speed0.1～3m/min frequency conversion0.5～3m/min
Microwave leakage≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)
Drying capacity0.5～1.0T/ h0.5～1.5T/ h
Capacity/Hour 5-7ton 4-6ton
Equipment appearance sizeLength x width x height
8000×5000×2300（mm）（ customized）
Length x width x height
Control mode
touch screen、PLC controltouch screen、PLC control
The large table shows the advantages of microwave beef equipment in the same industry more intuitively. It is healthy and bacteria-free, conforms to all health standards, and maintains the taste of food.
3. All our microwave equipment is sold directly by manufacturers. The company's service aim is to provide three packages a year + lifetime maintenance + tailor-made + long-term tracking service. It also offers a full set of pre-sale and after-sale services such as installation, commissioning, maintenance, training, technical consultation, etc. Free repair and replacement of spare parts within one year, lifelong service.
Beef thawing equipment
The company has several decades of manufacturing experience to find reasonable thawing methods, do not damage the nutritional value, and ensure that the maximum degree of preservation of food fiber after thawing.
Choosing our microwave beef device, both in the configuration of the equipment or the entire part, we have selected international and domestic brands of accessories to ensure quality, protection uses the safe and secure from initial design to improve safety and quickness and environmental viewpoint.
In addition to the use of safe, food products most important thing is health and safety, we follow the European and American standards, all for the thorough cleaning of equipment and food processing safety.
So that each piece of raw meat after thawing have quality assurance, ensure every consumer to eat more secure, let the microwave food thawing in the market-leading step in the future competition, we make you more satisfied with our service!


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SKYRC motor analyzer is a precision electronic device that is especially designed for measuring the KV value, RMP, current drawn, motor timing, vibration noise level and checking the function of hall effect sensors of a brushless motor. It comes with a 2X16 characters LCD that is able to display real time measuring value of either sensor or sensor-less brushless motor.
KV(RPM per Volt) Show the rotor RPM/Volt at a certain throttle power level. U(VOLT) Show the input voltage to motor checker. RPM(Revolution Per Minutes) Show the rotor revolution at a certain throttle power level. I(AMP) Show the current drawn by the motor at a certain throttle power level.
MOTOR TIMING: Physical endbell timing, usually between 0 and 70 degrees, requires tools to rotate the sensor board.
NOISE LEVEL: Poor assembly motor, inferior bearing and unbalanced rotor can generate a vibration. Whenever a motor in air vibrates, it causes compression waves in the air. These waves move away from the motor as sound or noise. Vibration noise of motor is adverse the performance of motor. By measure the noise level of motors, you can select the less noise motor. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express noise level in this motor analyzer.
Phase A, B and C Sensor Timing: Show the actual timing of three sensor elements as above picture.
Input Voltage: 7.4-8.4V (Suggested to Use 7.4V 2S 1P LiPo Battery)
LCD Display Screen: Blue Backlight Background, White Text, 16 Characters X 2 Lines
KV Value Accuracy: +/- 3%
Motor Timing Accuracy: +/- 4%
Motor Timing Range: 0-70 Degree
Noise Level Measurement Range: 60dB - 120dB
Supported Motor: Sensor or Sensor-less Brushless Motor (2 Poles to 36 Poles)
Dimension: 136.5 x 80.6 x 24.5mm
Net Weight: 282gram (Without Cabel)
- KV Measurement
- RPM Measurement
- Voltage Measurement
- Ampere Measurement
- Motor Timing Checking 1) Average Timing 2) Phase A, B, C Timing
- Noise Level
- Hall Effect Sensor Test


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Dr. Gunnar Borg introduced the field of perceived exertion in the 1950s. His ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale is used worldwide by professionals in medicine, exercise physiology, psychology, cardiology, ergonomy, and sports. Now, Dr. Borg presents the definitive source for using the latest RPE and CR10 scales correctly. "Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales" begins with an overview and history to introduce readers to the field of perceived exertion. The book then covers principles of scaling and applications of both the RPE and the CR10 scaling methods.This user-friendly, informative, and readable text-discusses the fundamental bases of perceived exertion, -presents information on uses and misuses of the scales, and-provides guidance and direction on how and when to measure subjective somatic symptoms.A special appendix in the back of the book includes tear-out cards containing three RPE scales and three CR10 scales. A scale and instructions for how the scale is used are printed on each two-sided card. "Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales" is the complete theoretical and methodological guide to the field of human perception.About the Author:
Gunnar Borg, PhD, introduced the field of perceived exertion during the latter part of the 1950s. Since then, he has won international renown for his work in developing methods for measuring perceived exertion and pain. His method for measuring perceived exertion is the main method used in the field, and his new scale, the Borg CR10 scale, is used for measuring both perceived exertion and pain, and other subjective magnitudes. He is the author of "Physical Performance and Perceived Exertion, " the book that introduced the field of perception. He also is coauthor of ""The relation between neural and perceptual intensity: A comparative study on the neural and psychophysical response to taste stimuli,"" published in the "Journal of Physiology" in 1967. The article is fundamental to the science of psychophysiology. It marked the first time that perceptual magnitudes could be correlated directly to afferent neurophysiological responses of human beings. Another fundamental contribution is Borg's Range Model, which provides basic principles for determinations of "absolute" levels of intensity and how inter-individual and intermodal comparisons can be done.Borg has organized and served as chair for numerous international symposia in the field of perception. He lectures worldwide, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Japan. He was nominated for the Australian Prize by the American College of Sports Medicine for research in the field of perception with applications for the benefit of mankind.Currently professor emeritus of perception and psychophysics at Stockholm University, Borg's educational background encompasses the fields of psychology, philosophy, education, physiology, and sports. Borg was an associate professor at the Medical School in Umea, Sweden, from 1962 to 1968, during which time he also served as director of the laboratory for clinical psychology at the Umea Hospital. He was professor of perception and psychophysics at Stockholm University from 1987 to 1994.Borg was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy for Engineering Sciences in 1970. The following year, the King of Sweden awarded Borg the title of Professor. Borg is a member of the International Association of Applied Psychology, the International Association for the Study of Pain, and the International Society for Psychophysics.Borg and his wife Yvonne live in Rimbo, Sweden. His leisure activities include tennis, golf, skiing, and "walk-and-talk."
"Sobre este título" puede pertenecer a otra edición de este libro.
Descripción Human Kinetics 1998-08-15, 1998. Paperback. Estado de conservación: New. 1. _PHONE_. Nº de ref. de la librería 696547
Descripción Human Kinetics, 1998. Paperback. Estado de conservación: New. book. Nº de ref. de la librería 880116234
Descripción Human Kinetics, 1998. Paperback. Estado de conservación: New. Nº de ref. de la librería P110880116234


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Six Interesting Things about Automated Underwriting for Commercial Real Estate
Understanding risk and potential returns in buying, selling, or developing a property is a crucial component to being a successful real estate investor. In commercial real estate (CRE), underwriting is used to make decisions about how risky investing in a property or development could be by compiling data from a large number of sources.
However, the process of underwriting is not easy and can be tedious work. This process can be dramatically sped up with automated underwriting.
What is automated underwriting?
Automated underwriting is using existing data files from Argus or Excel to determine the property values, risk, and estimate cash flows. Automated underwriting allows investors to see projected cash flow data in a matter of minutes and is crucial in evaluating the financial risk and potential returns of a property.
1. Understanding the process of automated underwriting for an existing property.
The automated underwriting process is relatively straightforward.
Once the property information is imported, the Argus modeling program will produce a cash flow breakdown over time. Brokers and investors can then utilize the breakdown in their Excel model or another proprietary modeling program.
The beauty of the automation process is not in its modeling but efficiency in utilizing the existing information.
2. Automated underwriting will help investors conduct more business faster
The process of traditional commercial real estate underwriting takes time, often several hours to analyze a single property and its surrounding market. In the competitive world of commercial real estate investing, opportunities come with speed. The first investor to analyze the deal has an advantage.
Automated underwriting allows investors to analyze deals in a few minutes instead of a few hours.
3. Automated underwriting removes errors
Every deal goes through an appraisal. Appraisers are human and as such, can make mistakes. Commercial real estate investors are looking for every advantage to make better deals and get higher returns. Those errors can cost money, lead to poor decisions or missed opportunities.
With automated underwriting, calculations are set. The error factor is removed, and deals can be analyzed with a clear picture of the possible risks and returns.
4. Disagreements are no longer an issue.
Asset management teams don't always agree with acquisitions teams about rent projections. Property owners don't always agree with commercial real estate brokers about comparable market rents. So who's right and who's wrong? With automated underwriting, these disagreements are not a factor in the deal-making process.
Because the model data has been continually updated and rent and inflation trends are tracked in the system, automated underwriting can quickly point to the data to settle the argument.
5. Automated underwriting can lead to deal "pre-approval."
Imagine a world where the banks are ready to lend based solely on the creditworthiness of the investor (much like residential real estate) because the property underwriting has been done in advance. A commercial real estate investor could exponentially increase their deal volume and returns.
6. Financial institutions also benefit from automated underwriting
The volume of deals lenders can process increases exponentially as well. Lenders are in the business of making money by turning money. The more loans they can produce, the more profitable the banking system becomes. Automated underwriting helps to create a beautiful cycle of efficiency and profit from the start of a real estate deal to the end.
With extensive knowledge of financial modeling and real estate analysis, an automated underwriting company, can give you the data you need, and point out any areas of concern in the numbers. This saves time and allows you to focus on evaluating the investment. Visit our Services Hub to see how you can get started today.


Musical Practice as a Form of Life
How Making Music Can be Meaningful and Real
How is musical practice connected with everyday life? Eva-Maria Houben shows that performing music as an activity – indeed, as playing – is a meaningful shift from an approach based on structural analysis. Musical practice, Eva-Maria Houben contends, can be understood as open and never finished. Such an emphasis on repetition offers freedom from perfection, productivity, and purpose, thus allowing meaning to unfold in specific situations, places, and relationships. Musical practice can become a form of life and a reality in its own right. The study includes musical examples from the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries as well as contemporary music.
€44.99 *
4 September 2019, 240 pages
ISBN: 978-3-8394-4573-0
File size: 14.64 MB
Available as instant download
* = PDFs or EPUBs can only be purchased in Euro directly at our onlineshop.
Recommend it
Eva-Maria Houben
Eva-Maria Houben, TU Dortmund, Deutschland
1. Why did You chose this topic?
Structural analysis often forgets the performers who bring into being that what we call music. The book shows a meaningful shift to the performers' activity. The performers' situation, their relationships to each other, and their activities are coming more and more into the field of view. The book presents musical performance as a meaningful playing that we can describe by metaphors.
2. What new perspectives does your book offer?
Musical practice as it is observed here does not aim at a certain purpose. It is free from perfection and productivity, but calls for repetition. Therefore, musical practice opens a wide space for associations, for visions, and for hopes of change. In this sense, musical practice can gain political energy.
3. What makes your topic relevant for current research debates?
Musical practice touches the threshold between the world of music and the everyday life-world. Thus, musical practice becomes a reality in its own right, and nearly every subject in current research debates–such as gender discussions, questions concerning the structure of music and arts, or debates about phenomenology and perception–are brought into focus. Meaning arises in specific situations, places, and relationship; we can gain speech for descriptions by means of the metaphor.
I would like to discuss with Nicholas Cook, who speaks of ›Music as Performance‹ and aims at an appropriate translation of meaning.
5. Your book summary in one sentence:
Musical Practice as a Form of Life is also a Form of Survival: Try out!
Besprochen in:
The Wire, 430 (2019), Tim Rutherford-Johnson
Eva-Maria Houben
Book title
Musical Practice as a Form of Life How Making Music Can be Meaningful and Real
transcript Verlag
84 SW-Abbildungen
Commodity Group
Release date
4 September 2019
Kultur, Musik
Musicology, Music Theory, Cultural Studies, Sociology, Philosophy as well as Performers, Ensembles, or musically interested laymen
Performativity, Music Performance, Corporeality, Metaphor, Musical Analysis, Music, Culture, Musicology, Cultural Studies
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- annual report
- Building Trust
- Bureau of Land Management
- Climate Change
- Colorado River Delta
- Hunting Fishing
- Land Conservation
- Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
- National Park Service
- project summary
- renewable energy
- Resource Extraction
- Smart Growth
- State Trust Lands
- Street Smart
- Thomas R. Brown Foundations
- Vegetation Management
- Water Conservation
Juan de Fuca Cable Project
The Juan de Fuca Cable is a proposed underground and undersea 150kV, 550MW High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Light® cable designed to run bi-directionally from View Royal, British Columbia to Port Angeles, Washington. The proposed total length of the cable is 30 miles. Of this, about 22 miles is in the strait of Juan de Fuca, buried 3 to 6 feet deep beneath the sea floor. Seven miles of the line runs underground on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, and one mile is underground near Port Angeles, Washington.
- The result of burying the cable is no visual impact, audible noise, or changes to usage of the overlaying land.
- Terrestrial portions of the line will be buried under existing roads, railroad rights-of-way, or utility corridors, to minimize the impacts on surrounding areas.
- Horizontal directional drilling will help to minimize the impact to sensitive nearshore habitat. An onshore drill will bore underneath the shore area and intertidal zone, exiting more than half a mile from the drilling site.
- The cable will be built with highly efficient HVDC Light® technology, which allows more power to be transmitted across fewer lines, does not emit fluctuating EMFs, and provides faster and more accurate control of the power.
The project received all major permits in the United States and Canada by 2009 and currently several permits are undergoing renewal. The cable would be operational 24-26 months from financial close, possibly mid-2015.
- Juan de Fuca Cable Project
- Juan de Fuca Cable Project Map
- Bonneville Power Administration project website
- Juan de Fuca Cable Draft EIS
- Juan de Fuca Cable Final EIS
Organization: Sea Breeze Pacific Juan de Fuca Cable, LP, a partnership between Sea Breeze Power Corp and Boundless Energy NW Inc.
Location: Washington, British Colombia
Planning phase: Pre-planning (undergrounding, HVDC Light®, mitigation)
Last Updated:November 16, 2012


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13th May 2016
Alternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis
Leading manufacturer and developer of chromatography columns and accessories, Restek, recently published an article focused on the Petroleum and Petrochemical industry titled: Alternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis by Katarina Oden, Barry Burger and Amanda Rigdon. In the article the authors discuss Simulated Distillation (SimDist) and the carrier gases that can be used in this GC method.
SimDist is a GC technique that allows fast, reproducible, and easily automated determination of boiling point distribution of crude oil samples, which, until recently, could only be supported using helium gas. The ASTM SimDist committee has now approved the use of alternative carrier gases, nitrogen and hydrogen, for this technique.
Research into the alternative carrier gases indicate that nitrogen is a suitable and convenient alternative to helium as it is readily available, has no explosive properties and is the most efficient carrier gas when compared with helium and hydrogen at their respective optimal velocities.
Hydrogen, on the other hand, is comparable in price to nitrogen and has a faster optimum linear velocity than helium. This means that, with proper translation, methods can be shortened by approximately 25% meaning a much faster analysis.
Carrier gas changes for SimDist methods, can be easily implemented in your daily process as Peak Scientific offer both alternative carrier gases which complement this GC analysis. Peak Scientific's Precision Hydrogen Trace and Nitrogen Trace models would be ideal solutions for those wishing to make the switch from helium since the trace models ensure the lowest possible baseline and accuracy in your results.
Peak's Precision Hydrogen Trace models produce ultra-high purity hydrogen at flow rates ranging from 250cc-500cc per minute, utilising a Proton Exchange Membrane to create the hydrogen gas from deionized water, with Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) employed to remove moisture content down to trace levels. The hydrogen models come with additional safety features such as an internal leak detection, automatic safety shutdown, and create hydrogen on-demand ensuring minimal storage of hydrogen in the system.
Precision Hydrogen Trace
Precision Nitrogen Trace models are capable of delivering high purity nitrogen, removing oxygen and moisture via PSA, using Carbon Molecular Sieve and are available at flow rates ranging from 250cc-1000cc per minute. These models offer a constant and consistent supply of gas which means labs will not run out of gas during analysis and require minimal maintenance with just an annual filter change.
Precision Nitrogen Trace
Making the switch comes with additional benefits, as not only does the Precision range come in a stackable, space-saving modular design it is also the practical and cost-effective alternative to pressurized gas cylinders, dewars or bulk storage of laboratory gas.


Declt (pronounce "dec'let") is a reference manual generator for Common Lisp libraries. It works by loading an ASDF system and introspecting its contents. The generated documentation contains the description for the system itself and its components (modules and files), the packages defined in that system and the definitions found in those packages.
Exported and internal definitions are listed separately. This allows the reader to have a quick view on the library's public API. Within each section, definitions are sorted lexicographically.
In addition to ASDF system components and packages, Declt documents the following definitions: constants, special variables, symbol macros, macros, setf expanders, compiler macros, functions (including setf ones), generic functions and methods (including setf ones), method combinations, conditions, structures, classes and types.
The generated documentation includes every possible bit of information that introspecting can provide: documentation strings, lambda lists (including qualifiers and specializers where appropriate), slots (including type, allocation and initialization arguments), definition source file etc.
Every documented item provides a full set of cross-references to related items: ASDF component dependencies, parents and children, classes direct methods, super and subclasses, slot readers and writers, setf expanders access and update functions etc.
Finally, Declt produces exhaustive and multiple-entry indexes for every documented item.
Reference manuals are generated in Texinfo format (compatible, but not requiring Texinfo 5). From there it is possible to produce readable / printable output in info, HTML, PDF, DVI and PostScript with tools such as makeinfo, texi2dvi or texi2pdf.
The Declt reference manual is the primary example of documentation generated by Declt itself.
Declt's homepage is here.
Declt is a documentation tool written by Didier Verna...


Subscribe English
look up any word, like tex-sex:
A word that sprung up randomly sometime around June 2006 in the USA.
A word, usually used as an adverb, that can be used to emphasize or make greater of something you are saying.
(An adverb or adjective.)
Example 1 "Damn, that truck was assfully big!"
Example 2 "Ow! That beesting hurt assfully!"
Example 3: "That kid is being assfully bratty."
by Colin E. July 08, 2006
3 6
Words related to assfully:
adverb adjective annoying ass assful bitchy full stupid usa


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Storing Data to and Reading from the Clipboard (Visual Basic)
The Clipboard can be used to store data, such as text and images. Because the Clipboard is shared by all active processes, it can be used to transfer data between them. The My.Computer.Clipboard object allows you to easily access the Clipboard and to read from and write to it.
Use the GetText method to read the text in the Clipboard. The following code reads the text and displays it in a message box. There must be text stored on the Clipboard for the example to run correctly.
This code example is also available as an IntelliSense code snippet. In the code snippet picker, it is located in Windows Forms Applications > Clipboard. For more information, see Code Snippets.
Use the GetImage method to retrieve an image from the Clipboard. This example checks to see if there is an image on the Clipboard before retrieving it and assigning it to PictureBox1.
This code example is also available as an IntelliSense code snippet. In the code snippet picker, it is located in Windows Forms Applications > Clipboard.For more information, see Code Snippets.
Items placed on the Clipboard will persist even after the application is shut down.
Data on the Clipboard may take a number of different forms, such as text, an audio file, or an image. In order to determine what sort of file is on the Clipboard, you can use methods such as ContainsAudio, ContainsFileDropList, ContainsImage, and ContainsText. The ContainsData method can be used if you have a custom format that you want to check.
Use the ContainsImage function to determine whether the data contained on the Clipboard is an image. The following code checks to see whether the data is an image and reports accordingly.
Use the SetText method to write text to the Clipboard. The following code writes the string "This is a test string" to the Clipboard.
The SetText method can accept a format parameter that contains a type of TextDataFormat. The following code writes the string "This is a test string" to the Clipboard as RTF text.
Use the SetData method to write data to the Clipboard. This example writes the DataObject dataChunk to the Clipboard in the custom format specialFormat.
Use the SetAudio method to write audio data to the Clipboard. This example creates the byte array musicReader, reads the file cool.wav into it, and then writes it to the Clipboard.
Because the Clipboard can be accessed by other users, do not use it to store sensitive information, such as passwords or confidential data.


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Second grade students' interpretations of various representations depicting part-part-whole relationships
Metadata[+] Show full item record
[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Through a cross-case analysis this study characterizes second-grade students' interpretations of mathematical representations (i.e., contextual situations, equations, part-part-whole diagrams, and open number lines) that depict part-part-whole relationships, and relates students' interpretations to their level of strategy development as indicated by a problem solving assessment. Data were collected from 10 students in a single second-grade classroom. Three main clusters of students' interpretations were identified: (a) viewing representations as final solutions (e.g., representations with missing values were unacceptable), (b) focusing interpretations of representations on location, sequence, or the meaning of operations (e.g., match the order of numbers or direct action of problem), and (c) interpreting representations using fact families or mathematical properties (e.g., applying commutativity or inverse relationships). For the 10 students in this study, a student's strategy development did not correspond to the students' cluster assignments. These data provide significant implications for all levels of teacher development, curriculum design, and assessment.
Access is limited to the campus of the University of Missouri--Columbia.


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Effects of Wingwall Configurations on the Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges
Amde, Amde M
MetadataShow full item record
This research includes parametric studies performed with the use of three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models in order to investigate the effects of cantilever wingwall configurations on the behavior of integral abutment bridges located on straight alignment and zero skew. The parametric studies include all three types of cantilever wingwalls; inline, flared, and U-shaped wingwalls. Bridges analyzed vary in length from 100 to 1200 feet. Soil-structure and soil-pile interaction are included in the analysis. Loadings include dead load in combination with temperature loads in both rising and falling temperatures. Plasticity in the integral abutment piles is investigated by means of nonlinear plasticity models. Cracking in the abutments and stresses in the reinforcing steel are investigated by means of nonlinear concrete models. The effects of wingwall configurations are assessed in terms of stresses in the integral abutment piles, cracking in the abutment walls, stresses in the reinforcing steel of abutment walls, and axial forces induced in the steel girders. The models developed are analyzed for three types of soil behind the abutments and wingwalls; dense sand, medium dense sand, and loose sand. In addition, the models consider both the case of presence and absence of predrilled holes at the top nine feet of piles. The soil around the piles below the predrilled holes consists of very stiff clay. The results indicate that for the stresses in the piles, the critical load is temperature contraction and the most critical parameter is the use of predrilled holes. However, for both the stresses in the reinforcing steel and the axial forces induced in the girders, the critical load is temperature expansion and the critical parameter is the bridge length. In addition, the results indicate that the use of cantilever wingwalls in integral abutment bridges results in an increase in the magnitude of axial forces in the steel girders during temperature expansion and generation of pile plasticity at shorter bridge lengths compared to bridges built without cantilever wingwalls.


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IZA DP No. 11076: Income Increase and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland
Concentration to disadvantaged neighbourhoods may hinder immigrants' opportunities for social integration, so equal chances of translating available economic resources into mobility to less disadvantaged neighbourhoods are important. This paper adds to existing research on exits from poor neighbourhoods by focusing on the effects of income increase on residential mobility. We analyse intra-urban residential mobility from low-income neighbourhoods into non-low-income neighbourhoods among immigrants and native-born residents in three urban regions in Finland. We use longitudinal register data for the 2004–2014 period for the full Finnish population, allowing a dynamic analysis of changes in income and neighbourhood of residence. Based on multinomial logit modelling of migration outcomes, we found that an increase in income is associated with moving both to low-income and non-low-income areas even when controlling for initial income level. Upward income mobility was connected to exit from low-income areas in a quite similar way among immigrants and native-born Finns. The findings suggest that policies e.g. improving the labour market opportunities of immigrants are effective in reduction of residential segregation. However, we were not able to completely explain the differences between native-born Finns and immigrants in moving patterns. The differences between the cities were opposite for immigrants and native-born Finns, corresponding to differences in immigration history and levels of ethnic segregation. Therefore, the local context matters for spatial integration outcomes.


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The fandango is an exuberant Spanish courtship dance and a genre of Spanish folk song. The dance, probably of Moorish origin, was popular in Europe in the 18th century and survives in the 20th century as a folk dance in Spain, Portugal, southern France, and Latin America. It has become the national dance of Spain.
Usually danced by couples, it begins slowly, with the rhythm marked by castanets, clapping of hands, snapping of fingers, and the stamping of feet; the speed gradually increases. The music is in 3/4 or 6/8 time. Occasionally there is a sudden pause in the music, and the dancers stand rigid until the music resumes. The dance is an expression of passion, and the partners tease, challenge, and pursue each other with steps and gestures. In another version, the fandango is danced by two men as a contest of skill. The first dancer sets the rhythm and steps, the second picks up the step and elaborates.
As song, the fandango consists of coplas, improvised satirical, religious, or romantic verses, sung to melodies improvised according to set rules. Fandangos can be sung to accompany the dance or as solos. As a dance and as a genre of song, the fandango exists both within and outside of the flamenco, or Andalusian Roma (Gypsy), tradition.


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|CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR USAGE IN THE POWER CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS|
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors can be installed in areas that have infrequent or irregular occupancy patterns, such as auditoriums and classrooms. The sensors allow the ventilation system to be controlled by the concentration of CO2 present in the space, thereby reducing the amount of ventilation required during unoccupied times. As the space becomes occupied, the sensors will detect an increase of CO2 and adjust the amount of outside air needed. CO2 sensors, as well as other energy saving equipment, were installed in the Power Center for the Performing Arts on the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus in 1994.
Overview of Procedure
The system is designed to work efficiently in large open spaces including auditoriums, classrooms, or conference rooms. Placement of sensor locations within a given space is critical for the system to work properly. If the sensors are not located correctly, fluctuations in temperature and overall comfort within the room may be observed.
In addition, errors in measurement and varying CO2 concentrations over time can cause low readings that may be misleading. Elevated CO2 may be due to various causes alone or in combination, such as: increased occupant population, poor air distribution, and poor air mixing. Smoke tubes and temperature profiles may help to clarify air circulation patterns.
& Health Precautions/Personal Protective Equipment
Periodic maintenance of the sensors is required to ensure that acceptable air quality is maintained.
The overall calculated energy savings, not directly related to the CO2 sensors, for the Power Center for the Performing Arts in fiscal years 1995 and 1996 were $29,000 and $32,000, respectively.