text: The study of the properties of the materials used in the several fields of the mechanical industry requires an analysis of their mechanical characteristics and behaviour under load, or under a combination of loads, which produce multiaxial stress states on the machine components. The analysis of the behaviour under axial and torsional combined loads, either static or time-variable, proves particularly interesting. During combined loads tests, the test machine should not transmit any parasitic action to the specimen, such as shear and bending moment, in order to consider only the reaction to torsion and axial load. Furthermore, it should allow to apply the torsional and axial actions separately (the application of axial loads must not be influenced by the applied torque and vice-versa). The test machine must also be designed to apply a high torsional moment without producing any non-allowable deformation. This paper reports the results of a survey of universal multiaxial test machines frames for performing torsion, static or fatigue tests on cylindrical specimens, with the simultaneous application of axial, tensile or compression loads, either static or time-variable. A preliminary survey showed that traditional test machines are equipped with a plane frame that cannot withstand a high torsion. A new machine was therefore developed based on a study to provide the most suitable frame structure to withstand a high torsion. The machine was patented.


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Specular Reflections occur when light bounces off a flat, smooth, reflective surface like a mirror, a car bonnet, a window or the gloss surface of a floor.
They retain a lot of the brightness and colour of the original light. Therefore, they can appear much brighter than their surroundings, leading to patches of 'blown' (over-exposed) highlights.
Because they are mirror-like, you can use these reflections to add depth and symmetry to your photographs. Even puddles can give great reflections if the camera is close enough.
Because they are bright, and occasionally take on attractive colours from the surface they're reflected from, they make good light sources; e.g. sunlight reflecting off windows in city streets.
A POLARIZING FILTER (POLARISER) can be used to darken their appearance considerably in many situations.
DIFFUSE REFLECTIONS occur when light reflects off a rough surface.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Effects of aerobic exercise training on physical performance during myeloablative therapy
Carolyn Vachani, RN, MSN, AOCN
The Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: June 23, 2008
The benefits of exercise for people undergoing cancer therapy have been shown in previous studies. These include improvements in lung and heart function, increased strength and improvements in fatigue levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of anaerobic exercise training on physical performance of patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors during myeloablative therapy or high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant.
The questions to be answered by the authors were:
1) Is exercise feasible in this group of patients?
2) What happens to physical performance in these patients if they do exercise?
The study included 85 participants undergoing high dose chemotherapy, who were randomly assigned to a 30 minute a day, 5 days a week exercise regimen or no exercise regimen. Both groups completed daily questionnaires on side effects and quality of life. Exercise was held when platelets or hemoglobin were low, for infection, fever or if the patient was in the ICU.
The primary endpoint was change in physical performance between the beginning and end of treatment, measured in Watts (W). There was a significant increase in physical performance in the exercise group (8.96 +/-24 W) and a decrease in the control group (-7.24 +/- 20 W). The exercise group had improvement in lung function and an increase in their physical functioning score. Patients tended to be fitter and feel better at discharge if they performed exercise.
The exercise regimen during myeloablative therapy appears to be achievable, effective, and safe, and may help to preserve physical function in these patients. Ultimately, this can reduce the risk for limitations and disabilities in patients later in life.


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Web edition: January 15, 2013
Print edition: February 9, 2013; Vol.183 #3 (p. 17)
Pregnant male pipefish have hormone swings
The first study to track a form of testosterone through male pregnancy in fish has found an unusual roller coaster of swoops and spikes.
Among pipefishes, seahorses and sea dragons, females produce eggs but males get pregnant, carrying the embryos. Even though pregnant male Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) reverse common sex roles, tests show males still have more of the main fish form of testosterone (called ketotestosterone) than females do, Sunny K. Scobell of Texas A&M University in College Station reported on January 6. What's different in role-reversed pipefish is that male ketotestosterone levels vary, much as hormones do in females of other species.
For most of a male pipefish's 14-day pregnancy, ketotestosterone concentrations stay low, closer to female ketotestosterone levels. This dip allows for normal embryo development. About day 10 or 11, male ketotestosterone concentrations shoot up tenfold, presumably letting males ready sperm for the next mating, within a day or so of giving birth, Scobell said.
Wings have damage control for insect-sized smash-ups
Flying insects have their fender-benders, too, and so have evolved at least two alternatives to bumpers.
Yellow jacket wings have a dot of rubbery material called resilin toward the wing tip along the leading edge. The wing doesn't flex in flight but bends there during collisions, Andrew Mountcastle of Harvard University reported January 5.
In a lab test, wings with a natural resilin patch lost only 18 percent of the tip area when a yellow jacket was spun in a rotating cradle that bumped the wing tip area against a fixed surface for an hour. When researchers immobilized the rubbery spot (by gluing on a dot of polyester glitter), spinning yellow jackets lost about 80 percent of their wing tip area.A common bumblebee's wings don't have rubbery spots, but spinning them in the collider didn't cause damage as severe as in yellow jacket wings with a glitter-stiffened joint. Resilin might not help much in bumblebees because it would have to be six times stiffer to prevent flexing during their deep, fast wingbeats, Mountcastle calculated. Instead, he hypothesizes that bumblebees get crash flexibility from reduced wing veins toward the tip.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Recent erosion along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal has exposed an unusually rich Upper Cretaceous fossiliferous outcrop at the Biggs Farm, near the eastern end of the Canal. Some III species of mollusks representing 72 genera have been identified. Coelenterata, Porifera, Annelida, Brachiopoda, Crustacea, and a few fragmentary vertebrate remains have also been found. Five species are being described as new, and there are 54 new records for the Cretaceous of Delaware.
The preservation of the material suggests that the animals lived on a sandy bottom in water between 50 and 100 feet in depth, possibly near the mouth of a bay.
Inasmuch as there is a mixing of some species characteristic of the Matawan Group and other species characteristic of the Monmouth Group, it is believed that the fauna at this locality lies near the Matawan-Monmouth boundary, perhaps in the lower part of the Monmouth Group.
University of Delaware
Delaware Geological Survey Building
Newark, DE 19716
Mon - Fri; 8:00am to 4:30pm


Build Your Own Dictionary
Browse Alphabetically
 1. Function: verb
 Definition: to sneak something with demon laughter
 Example Sentence: I hackled two cookies from the cookie jar.
 Submitted by: Anonymous from CA, USA on 10/27/2008 06:22
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a splinter that came from an ax handle
 Example Sentence: He had a hacktounit after chopping wood for an hour.
 Submitted by: Supercat B. from Arkansas, USA on 02/05/2008 04:49
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a game where you try to keep a little beanbag ball in the air using your feet only
 Example Sentence: The kids played a game of hackysack in the driveway.
 Submitted by: Anonymous from Ontario, Canada on 11/15/2007 07:48
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: having an appealing taste, smell, look, sound, or texture
 Example Sentence: The aroma of the freshly baked cookies was haconious.
 Submitted by: Brigid from Illinois on 09/22/2008 09:43
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a strange feeling of happiness and sadness
 Example Sentence: The haddiness came when the storm started and school was cancelled.
 Submitted by: Anonymous from Illinois, USA on 10/31/2011 10:27
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a mean person: a bully
 Example Sentence: You're acting like a haggit.
 Submitted by: Amy from Manitoba, Canada on 10/10/2008 11:01
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: an inventor that fails to invent something for over two years: an inventor who can not invent something new every year
 Word History: I created it in my mind.
 Example Sentence: The hagigajiba passed away because of desperation that he did not have anything to invent.
 Submitted by: Fisler from CA, USA on 09/13/2007 12:23
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: being happy and filled with glee
 Example Sentence: He is not haglee today.
 Submitted by: Ingrid from PA, USA on 03/12/2008 09:46
 1. Function: verb
 Definition: to feel as if you could eat something up
 Example Sentence: That baby is so cute, I could hagoble him up.
 Submitted by: CoCo from NJ, USA on 02/13/2011 07:30
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: being hysterically funny: causing out loud laughter
 Example Sentence: That movie is so hahalarious.
 Submitted by: Emily from KY, USA on 03/06/2012 01:47


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Packaging Pharmaceuticals With Aluminum Seals: A Look At The Differences Between Cold Forming And Thermoforming Blister Packs
Universal health greatly improved once medications for numerous deadly diseases were developed. Almost all diseases and medical conditions can now be treated with medicine, and the total nominal spending on medicines in the U.S. has now surpassed $329 billion each year. Oral medications are generally packaged in blister packs with an aluminum seal. If you own your own pharmacy, you can choose to package the tablet with one of the two following methods: cold forming or thermoforming.
A Better Look at Cold Forming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are made entirely with aluminum seals and foils. These blister packs laminate an aluminum seal onto an aluminum base using a mold. The mold will create the indentation, or cavity, where the medication will sit in. Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs tend to be more expensive to manufacture thanks to higher material costs and slower production speeds; however, this method is still preferred by many pharmacies and manufacturers because the aluminum in the cold forming aluminum seal blister packs:
- Acts as a barrier for moisture, light and oxygen. This prevents any external elements from affecting the pharmaceutical and reduces the risk for contamination of any kind.
- Increases the expiration of the products. Since it is unlikely for the medicine to be disturbed after it has been packaged, the perfect preservation of the condition and property of the medicine will prevent it from losing its chemical integrity.
- Increased tamper resistance. It is easy to quickly tell whenever the packages have been tampered with or damaged. Resealing the packaging is not a possibility once it has been opened.
Further Insight Into Thermoforming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs rely on only aluminum seals to form the entire packaging. Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs, on the other hand, incorporate plastic with the aluminum as well. In this technique, the cavity where the medicine sits is constructed from clear, thermoformed plastic. The plastic is then placed on top of heating plates, which make it more pliable, and then an aluminum seal is the applied overtop.
Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as secure as cold forming aluminum seal blister packs because moisture and oxygen can still enter the packaging. The plastic also exposes the packaged medication to ultraviolet rays from light. Although thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as foolproof and secure, they do offer some distinct benefits, which include:
- Low cost. The use of thermoformed plastic instead of aluminum greatly reduces material costs. In addition, the production speeds for thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are also faster. These blister packs are compatible with universal feeders, which are responsible for sweeping the medications into the cavities.
- The ability to examine the packaged medication without having to open the package. The clear plastic makes it easy to check to make sure the right type of medication is given to patients.
- Tamper resistance. Once again, it's easy to check for any tampering with thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs. The clear plastic allows patients to determine whether the medication was damaged and whether the packaging was opened.
Thermoforming and cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are among some of the most common packaging methods recommended for the pharmaceutical industry. These packaging options are portable and difficult to break. In addition, they provide an easy way for patients to keep track of the amount of pills they have taken. Aluminum is one of the better metals to work with when packaging medication. It's cost-efficient and also resistant to bacteria, fungi and other pathogenic microbes making it perfect for the medical industry.
You can also check out sites like _URL_ for more info.


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Do you feel your club is leading the way? Do you want recognition of what your committee has achieved? A stripe is accreditation in one of the following areas: Sustainability, Development, Inclusion and Community and can be awarded for fulfilling any of the suggested criteria or anything else that can be evidenced to justify the recognition.
The Sustainability stripe is awarded to clubs/societies who have: "Made an effort to reduce the carbon footprint of their society and its members. They have actively tried to operate in a sustainable manner in regards to resources and activities and in doing so (or through separate campaigns) have increased environmental awareness to their members and the wider student population." To achieve this, the club/society must meet at least three (bronze level), five (silver level) or seven (gold level) of the following criteria and must submit a form to state how they have met this:
1. Actively participated or volunteered in one of the Students' Union environmental or sustainability campaigns.
2. Made an effort to reduce their carbon footprint as a society. This could include printing less, reducing mileage and recycling more.
3. Created their own environmental campaign to inform fellow students of the importance of acting sustainably.
4. Created awareness of how society members can reduce their carbon footprint.
5. Have publicised the sustainability work that they have engaged with as a society.
6. Have assisted with delivering the Students' Union Environmental Projects
7. Supported a union policy to help improve the sustainability of the Union and all students on campus.
8. Have used the Students' Union Green & Blue Space to host a regular society meeting or a oneoff event.
9. Helped launch a new workshop or initiative as part of the Green & Blue Space
10. Taken any other steps that they feel has helped to make them more sustainable. (Please provide additional details on form)
Find out more about Earn Your Stripes here!


Question: What Are Lava Stones Good For?
Do lava rocks help with anxiety?
It's an intense energy, but a calming one.
On a spiritual level, lava stones bring stability.
Are lava beads bad luck?
Lava Rock beads are, as their name suggests, a type of igneous rock. It's considered bad luck and illegal to take lava rocks from Hawaii's national parks because the volcano goddess, Pele, may place a curse on you.
Is lava stone toxic?
Lava rocks is a very broad term. If it is just a bubbly basalt, you should be fine. … The 'lava rocks' might be toxic because sometimes they are used as an industrial filter.
Is Tiger's Eye dangerous?
This stone is formed in part from the mineral crocidolite, which is a type of asbestos. During the formation of tiger's eye, crocidolite is completely replaced with quartz and iron ore, so if you ever wondered whether tiger's eye is dangerous – well, it isn't.
What does Tiger's Eye do?
Is lava rock good for fish tanks?
If you want the plants and fish in your aquarium to live in a healthy environment, lava rocks are a great idea. Lava rocks are covered by holes and pores that have beneficial bacteria, which is called denitrifying bacteria. These bacteria can help in keeping normal nitrogen cycles in your aquarium.
How can you tell if lava rock beads are fake?
Real lava beads should look spongy, ceramic ring-like, and with a rough texture. They should be lightweight and red, red, brown, or black in color. They also should not fade during the cleaning process. They should not burn, melt, shatter, or have an unusual odor.
Are lava rocks strong?
It was shiny, hard and heavy. Lava rock, for landscaping, is foamed obsidian. The gasses released in the volcanic eruption penetrated the lava, but did not escape before the lava cooled, leaving air pockets behind.
What side of your body do you wear crystals?
leftThe left side of your body deals with your internal self and controls stresses from your outside environment. Wear your Crystal Bracelet on the left side if you want to receive its healing energy and internal benefit.
Can lava rocks be cleaned?
Lava rocks are often used for gas barbeque grills and can become quite dirty with food and grease droppings. You cannot use a wire brush or wash them in water as you might ceramic briquettes found in other gas grills. Instead, you must burn them clean.
What rocks are bad for aquariums?
Rocks to avoid include:Shells or crushed coral (These are not ideal for most freshwater tanks, but may be used for African cichlid tanks, where higher pH and calcium hardness are desirable.)Limestone.Geodes.Marble.Dolomite.Dec 4, 2019
Can you shower with a lava stone bracelet?
Do not wear your Lava Stone Bracelet in the Bath or Shower they should be removed prior to bathing or showering.
Can lava stone get wet?
Answer: Hello, if it gets wet it will not effect the lava beads at all, the central bead you may want to pat dry once out of the water.
Is lava stone expensive?
How much do lava stone countertops cost? Lava stone's biggest deterrent is its price. At $250 to $350 per square foot, it's one of the most expensive countertop materials around, comparable to, or even exceeding, high-end marble.
Do lava stones really work?
Lava stones and the chakra Many users of lava stone believe it grounds and stabilizes the root chakra because of the stone's strong connection with the earth. When the root chakra is stabilized, the body and mind will feel positive, safe and anchored to the earth.
Does lava stone have healing properties?
Known for its grounding and calming healing properties, lava stone is great for stabilizing the root chakra. When the root chakra is stabilized, you feel safe, anchored and more positive.
How long do lava beads last?
2-3 daysThe lava beads are black or brown (if you ordered a bracelet with natural brown lava). They are porous with "craters" on them. You can drop one drop of oil on each bead (a little goes a long way, so you only have to put them on a couple of the beads) and it will last 2-3 days.
Do Chakra bracelets help anxiety?
Stone and Crystal Bracelet for Anxiety. Certain crystals and stones are seen as anxiety antidote since ancient times. They believed to offer a calming effect which assists in alleviating emotional disorders. Blue Agate is believed to be among the strongest crystal for stress and anxiety relief.
What do lava rocks do spiritually?
Will lava rock affect pH?
The lava rock is red due to the iron in it. It has no calcuim so it will have no affect on your ph.


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Ohio Parks and Recreation Association (OPRA), PlayCore and GameTime are aligning resources and strategically partnering to promote best practices in parks and recreation, provide quality education, and arm communities with evidence-based resources.
Parks are essential to creating healthier, happier societies across generations. Complimentary professional development events will be hosted on October 23 – 30 in multiple cities across the state of Ohio. This interactive education symposium will help participants effectively fuel their community's passion for play and recreation and empower stakeholders to become champions for high quality outdoor play and recreation environments that meet the diverse needs of children, families, and communities.
Attendees will be inspired by unique design and program innovations, leadership case examples, and strategies to creatively consider the needs and goals of community stakeholders. The content and hands-on learning activities will equip participants in developing strong advocacy messages of how investing in parks and recreation has a positive impact on building viable communities through physical activity, inclusive play, engagement with nature, and play value in a collaborative effort to improve the quality of life in communities across Ohio.
- Develop advocacy messages describing why play and recreation is essential to a healthier and happier society.
- Apply research-based design best practices to create high-quality outdoor play and recreation destinations.
- Discuss model projects, positive community outcomes, and the benefits of inclusion, physical activity, and nature engagement.
PlayCore's Center for Outreach, Research & Education is providing statewide professional development services and GameTime will provide up to $1.5 million in matching funds to assist parks in the OPRA districts to create play and recreation destinations that have been thoroughly reviewed to align with research-based best practices. These projects will serve as National Demonstration Sites (NDS) and serve as national models for promoting physical activity, fitness, nature engagement, and inclusion.
Each city's local parks and recreation organization hosted the symposiums designed for mid to upper level professionals in the fields of park and recreation, landscape architecture, and education. The sessions will offer Continuing Education Units for professionals and promise to be lively, informative, and educational. Lunch and educational resources will be provided by GameTime and DWA Recreation.


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A follow-up study was conducted of a double-blind trial in Argentina designed to assess the effect of calcium supplementation on incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Six hundred fourteen women received 2 g per day of calcium or placebo from week 20 of gestation until delivery. Dental examinations were performed on 195 randomly selected children whose mothers participated in the study. The researchers who performed the dental exam were blinded to the mothers treatment assignment. The proportion of children who had at least 1 decayed, missing, or filled tooth was significantly lower in the calcium group than in the placebo group (63.3% vs. 86.6%; p < 0.001). The mean number of decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces was also significantly lower in the calcium group than in the placebo group (3.1 vs. 4.4; p < 0.001).
Comment: Calcium plays an important role in tooth development The results of the present study indicate that calcium supplementation during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of dental caries in the offspring at 12 years of age.
See Calcium Liquid with Magnesium for kids
14 November 2011


»Visit _URL_ »Contact MetroCount
Axle Position Histogram
The Axle Position Histogram is a histogram of inter-axle spacings within vehicles. This report will usually have a characteristic shape corresponding to common axle spacings, making it an extremely useful tool for verifying data quality.
The Axle Position Histogram can be characterised by:
 1. A group of spikes representing the most common passenger vehicles, and light trucks.
 2. Spikes corresponding to the double and triple axle groups of heavy vehicles (for datasets containing a noticeable percentage of these vehicles).
 3. Smaller spikes corresponding to the longer inter-axle spans in heavy vehicles, such as buses.
 Axle Position Histogram Sample
 Axle Position Histogram Sample
The Axle Position Histogram can be used to check for:
 - matching sensor length, and
 - correct sensor spacing.
Characteristic spikes in the histogram can be checked against known good data from the same area. If these spikes deviate in position by a significant amount, one of these problems may exist, and speed and classification should be considered suspect for this dataset.
For example, it is possible to target the double axle group on the back of an articulated truck, which is usually one of a few standard distances apart. Selecting Properties from the report's right-click menu will display the axle spacings filter.
Inter-axle spacings
Inter-axle spacings
Selecting SP4 in this case will display only the spacings between axles four and five. Note also the X-axis scale can be modified to increase resolution.
Filtering should create a few clearly defined spikes that can be verified using the cross-hairs. Again, deviation from known values may indicate a sensor installation problem.
Filtered Axle Position Histogram
Filtered Axle Position Histogram
For bidirectional data with a suspected problem, it is possible to distinguish between different sensor length and incorrect spacing. Different sensor length will result in spacings that are too short in one direction, and too long in the other. If filtering for one direction using the report Profile's direction filter moves the Axle Position Histogram left or right, this indicates different sensor length. If the report is unmoved, then incorrect spacing is the likely cause.


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Using URLScan on IIS
This article was previously published under Q307608
The purpose of this article is to ensure effective distribution of the Internet Information Services (IIS) security tool URLScan. URLScan is an add-on tool that can be used by Web site administrators. The administrators can control the actions of URLScan and can restrict the type of HTTP requests that the server processes.
If you are upgrading from an earlier version of URLScan (2.0, 2.1), all your previous configuration settings are retained while the executable and the URLScan.ini is updated with new features of URLScan 2.5.
Before you install URLScan 2.5, see the white paper on the following Microsoft Web site:
To download URLScan 2.5, visit the following Microsoft Web site: For information about URLScan and other security details in IIS, see the webcast on the following Microsoft Web site: For additional information about each feature of URLScan, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
326444 HOW TO: Configure the URLScan Tool
Depending on the applications that you are running, there may be limitations or specific configurations for URLScan. For additional information about running URLScan with different applications, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
309394 HOW TO: Use URLScan with FrontPage 2000
318290 HOW TO: Use URLScan with FrontPage 2002
815155 HOW TO: Configure URLScan to Protect ASP.NET Web Applications
Article ID: 307608 - Last Review: 04/20/2012 11:46:00 - Revision: 11.1
Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0
 - kbinfo kbsectools kbsecurity KB307608


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The Education and Science Institute in Vietnam has warned that the number of children with autism in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has increased by nearly 160 times over eight years. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, deputy head of the institute, said that the number of children diagnosed with autism is rising sharply in Vietnam.
The number of children with autism detected by the Hanoi-based Central Pediatrics Hospital in 2007 was 50 times more than in 2000, and the number of autistic children treated by the hospital in 2007 increased by 33 times from 2000. The number of autistic children in HCMC increased from only two in 2000 to 324, or 160 times higher, in 2008.
The warning was released this week at a seminar on care and education for autistic children. The seminar was jointly held by the Vietnam Association of Autistic Children, the United States Embassy in Vietnam and the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund in Hanoi. On March 13, Tuoitrenews.vn reported that, according to medical websites, "There is probably a combination of factors that leads to autism, including genetic factors and others including diet, mercury poisoning, the body's inability to properly process vitamins and minerals, and vaccine sensitivity..."
Read about the upcoming revolutionary book 'The Thinking Moms' Autism Beyond the Spectrum...' here: _URL_
Find Chiromother on facebook at: _URL_ twitter _URL_ OR on Pinterest at: _URL_


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Currently, the NN logs its edits to each of its edits directories in sequence. This can produce the following bad sequence:
- NN accumulates 100 edits (tx 1-100) in the buffer. Writes and syncs to local drive, then crashes
- Failover occurs. SBN takes over at txid=1, since txid 1 never got writen.
- First NN restarts. It reads up to txid 100 from its local directories. It is now "ahead" of the active NN with inconsistent state.
The solution is to write to the shared edits dir, and sync that, before writing to any local drives.


Willy Spühler
Spühler, Willy (vĭlˈē shpüˈlər) [key], 1902–, Swiss political leader and economist. He held several government economic posts and served (1938–59) in the federal assembly. In 1959 he became a member of the federal council, the Swiss executive branch, and served as minister of transport, communications, and power (1959–65) and as minister of foreign affairs (1966–70). He served two one-year terms (1963, 1968) as president of Switzerland.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Swiss History: Biographies


How Is Skateboard Grip Tape Made?
skateboarder's toes image by Joseph Dudash from
Grip tape applied to the top of the skateboard deck creates traction between the rider's shoes and the board itself. Grip tape has a sandpaper-like construction commonly made from silicon carbide or a cheaper material known as aluminum oxide. Skateboard grip tape is now manufactured in a variety of colors, allowing skateboarders to customize their set-ups.
The Base
The manufacturer lays a large sheet of a screen-like polyester film onto a conveyor belt. The polyester film functions as the base of the grip tape. The screen-like design allows the grip tape to be pliable, making it easy to apply to the top of the skateboard deck. Tiny perforations produced in the polyester film allow for water and moisture to run off the grip tape. An automated machine applies epoxy to the top of the polyester film, creating a viscous surface.
The Coating
The abrasive mineral composition silicon carbide is sprayed on top of the polyester film to create the sandpaper-like texture of the grip tape. The cheaper version of silicon carbide known as aluminum oxide is used by the smaller manufacturers. Aluminum oxide is less expensive, but the grip wears out in a shorter amount of time.
Making It Stick
The grit-like silicon carbide dries on top of the polyester film with the use of a high-powered heat lamp. An automated machine applies an acrylic copolymer resin adhesive to the bottom of the polyester film, thus creating the sticky underside of the grip tape.
Backing Paper
A thick backing paper, applied over the copolymer resin adhesive, ensures that the sticky underside of the grip tape will not come into contact with other materials until the time of application.
An automated machine cuts the massive sheets of polyester film with the silicon carbide top and the acrylic co-polymer resin bottom into 32 inch by 9 inch strips. This allows the skateboarder to purchase only one sheet of grip tape per board for around $10.


Hide/Show Apps
Real-time simulation of soil–tool interaction using advanced soil models
Gürbüz, Mücahit
Excavation work is one of the main elements needed in construction fields. To meet such a huge demand, a large number of excavators are working all over the globe. In addition, researchers and companies put enormous efforts to develop more efficient excavator models. With the advancement of technology, autonomous systems have become popular and ideal way to upgrade machines for faster, cheaper and safer production. Not surprisingly, there have been many attempts to develop fully autonomous robotic excavation systems and this has become one of the trending topics in the earth-moving industry. There are some key challenges in developing an autonomous excavation system. For example, accurate and fast prediction of resisting soil forces on the excavator bucket plays a crucial role in developing unmanned excavator systems. Current studies provide unrealistic and/or computationally expensive soil-tool interaction models. This study represents a new method to solve the interaction of excavator bucket and soil in real-time with acceptable accuracy. Through the developed accurate real-time soil-tool interaction simulation, it is also aimed to make further progress in virtual reality systems requiring real-time simulations, cabin simulators, and computer games.


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Standards: What they are and what we do
Standards - definition
Standards are agreed criteria designed to ensure that products and services meet minimum thresholds.
They cover areas such as:
- Environmental impact.
Standards create a climate of trust in the marketplace for goods and services. For customers, a certified standard is a badge of quality. For business, it can provide protection against unfair competition and help instil consumer confidence.
Standards and trade
As a cost-effective way of complying with regulations, Standards help to stimulate trade both in domestic and overseas markets. Many public sector contracts are required to comply with specified standards.
Voluntary standards are a form of flexible self-regulation for business and can remove the need for government-imposed regulation, which tends to be more rigid and less adaptable.
NSAI works closely with the Irish Government and provides support to the Department of Enterprise, Trade, Employment and Innovation
on the subject of the removal of technical trade barriers.
Legally enforceable standards
The standardization of most products and services is a voluntary process. However, some standards are established by law, through European Directives and Irish legislation.
These are designed to protect the public and employees, and include:
Within Ireland, NSAI develops standards through a consultative process, which usually involves the following stages:
- Identifying the need to set a standard
- Defining the scope of the standard (e.g. the technical, environmental or safety specifications which need to be set)
- Consulting with other interested parties with a view to achieving a consensus
- Publishing the agreed standards for the relevant product or service
- Issuing certification.
The following links provide details on standards consultative committees:
In determining standards, the views of all stakeholders are taken into account. Depending upon the product or service under scrutiny, these might include:
- Consumer groups
- Governmental organizations
- Research organizations.
To aid the process of building consensus, NSAI has established a number of Standards Consultative Committees across various sectors.
Together with the national standards bodies from the other countries of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), NSAI is involved in setting standards for a range of products and services, including:
- Pressure vessels
- Electrical and electronic products
- Building products
- Industrial machines.
NSAI is affiliated to the International Organization for Standardization, better known by its acronym, ISO.
A non-governmental organization that spans the public and private sectors, ISO coordinates the work of 161 national Standards Authorities. ISO has developed over 17,500 International Standards.
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Electro-Technical Council of Ireland
NSAI participates in the work of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in conjunction with the Electro-Technical Council of Ireland (ETCI
). ETCI is the body nominated to harmonize electrical standards under the Low Voltage Directive
The ETCI represents Ireland on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC
) and on the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC
). The ETCI is sponsored by NSAI
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NSAI formulates Standards through consultation with all interested parties. We have a range of Standards Consultative Committees. For more information on how to get involved in this process, see Standards Committees
Standards are continually evolving as new information comes to light and new processes and products are developed. You can access listings of new Irish standards published in 2013 or you can search for and buy Standards online.
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Brominating products are the preferred sanitizer for most spas. Since spas are usually covered or indoor, the bromine is not exposed to UV rays so the lack of a stabilizer is not a problem. Moreover, bromination has some distinct advantages:
 - Bromine Immediately Kills Bacteria and Algae – It's very effective at killing all types of algae
 - Bromine Keeps On Killing – When combined with nitrogenous material, the bromamines continue to actively kill bacteria
 - Bromine Can Be Reactivated – Oxidizing not only destroys built-up undesirable compounds, it gives new life to ineffective bromides
 - Bromine Works in a Wider Range of pH – This is especially important in a spa environment where pH has a tendency to bounce around
Oxidizing a bromine spa
Whether using chlorine or bromine, all spas should be oxidized periodically, based on bather loads. There are a lot of compounds that need to be oxidized, especially the oil, sweat and dirt that wash off a bather's skin. With bromination, oxidation also has a second major benefit as it reactivates the bromides, changing them from used-up bromide ions into the powerful bacteria-fighting hypobromous acid.


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Significance and Use
5.1 Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180.
5.2 Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180.
5.3 Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1).
—The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash.
5.4 Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems.
5.5 Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics.
5.6 Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 and the sum of the percent moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All percents shall be on the same moisture reference base.
5.7 Moisture, ash, and volatile matter are three of the principal parameters used for assessing the quality of coal.
1.1 These instrumental test methods cover the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, and the calculation of fixed carbon in the analysis of coal and coke samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 and Practice D346.
1.2 These instrumental test methods are not applicable to thermogravimetric analyzers using microgram size samples.
1.3 Test Methods D3173, D3174, and D3175 shall be considered the referee test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
D5016 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ash; macro thermogravimetric analysis, macro-TGA; moisture; proximate analysis; volatile matter;
ICS Number Code 73.040 (Coals)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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measure the amount of power used. These probes could be as simple as a plug load power probe between the device and the electrical outlet. They could require more extensive probes placed on the system board monitoring various power rails such as those required to execute the EEMBC Energybench benchmark.
The second category, power state profiling tools, employs an indirect method of measuring power utilization. Instead of directly measuring power, this class of tool measures and reports on the amount of time spent in different power states. The objective when using these tools is to understand what activities are causing the processor to enter C0 and to minimize them.
The goal of power tuning is two-fold:
- Minimize time in active state.
- Maximize time in inactive state.
On the surface it may seem like these goals are redundant; however in practice both are required. Power is expended in transitioning into and out of idle modes. A processor that is repeatedly waking up and then going back to sleep may consume more power than a processor that has longer periods in an active state. In general, the end result is for the system to be in idle mode 90 percent of the time. Of course, this end result depends on the specific workload and application. Techniques to meet this goal follow one of two tuning strategies, which are summarized as follows:
- Race to Idle. The tasks are executed as quickly as possible to enable the system to idle. This approach typically entails aggressive performance optimization using similar techniques as single core and multi-core performance tuning.
- Idle mode optimization. Iteratively add software components executing on the system and analyze power state transitions to ensure these components are as nondisruptive to power utilization as possible.
High power utilization has several causes, including:
- Poor computational efficiency
- Poor memory management
- Bad timer and interrupt behavior
- Poor power awareness
- Bad multithreading behavior


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The first and last logical blocks on a track can not be determined because of the physical to logical mapping. However, the first and last logical blocks of a cylinder can be determined. The good physical blocks on a cylinder are mapped, in order, to the logical blocks. Therefore the rotational latency between two adjacent logical blocks is minimal, even if they are not adjacent physical blocks.
One would readily see that the average rotational latency is equal to half the revolution period of the disk. The average seek time is also about the same as average rotational latency. Therefore to optimize the data throughput of the disks, the read commands to the disk must request data of the size of one or several tracks.


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In order to read or download eBook, you need to create FREE account. eBook available in PDF, ePub, MOBI and Kindle versions
This book surveys matching theory, with an emphasis on connections with other areas of mathematics and on the role matching theory has played, and continues to play, in the development of some of these areas. Besides basic results on the existence of matchings and on the matching structure of graphs, the impact of matching theory is discussed by providing crucial special cases and nontrivial examples on matroid theory, algorithms, and polyhedral combinatorics. The new Appendix outlines how the theory and applications of matching theory have continued to develop since the book was first published in 1986, by launching (among other things) the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.


Scientists nose out clue to preserving books: their smell
The complex perfume of ageing books has been broken down into its component chemicals by research that could assist conservators
Dusty books
A little heavy on the vanilla, maybe?... Dusty books on a shell. Photograph: Getty
The dusty smell of old books is one of the joys of visiting secondhand bookshops, and now scientists, who have identified it as combining "grassy notes with a tang of acids and a hint of vanilla over an underlying mustiness", hope it can be used to help preserve valuable ageing titles.
Researcher Matija Strlic, from University College London's Centre for Sustainable Heritage, decided to investigate the smell of old books after spotting a book expert sniffing a title to assess its age. "I noticed a conservator once who was smelling paper to assess its quality – and having seen that and knowing that the analysis of food aroma is a routine analytical problem, I decided to look for correlations between paper composition and its smell. And it worked," he said.
His team investigated 72 books from the 19th and 20th centuries, pinning the smell down to the several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) "off-gassing" from the paper as it ages. "The aroma of an old book is familiar to every user of a traditional library," they wrote. "A combination of grassy notes with a tang of acids and a hint of vanilla over an underlying mustiness, this unmistakable smell is as much part of the book as its contents."
Working in collaboration with curators from the National Archive in the Netherlands, they then identified the 15 most abundant VOCs, and used these to identify degradation markers which can be used to monitor the condition of ageing books by analysing the gasses they produce, without damaging the books themselves.
They hope the research will be used to help libraries and museums preserve their libraries. "There is more work needed to develop an application which would work outside the laboratory. However, we are optimistic," said Strlic.
The research, a joint project with partners from the UK, the Netherlands and Slovenia, was announced in the journal Analytical Chemistry.
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in the UK
The royal string band at the English Court had its origins in a six-man consort from Italy, brought to England by Henry VIII in the spring of 1540. Peter Holman's book charts the history of this institution from its beginnings to the time of Purcell. He considers the previous history of instrumentalists at court, the role of the court band in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and its influence on the dance music of the period. The establishment of the band at the English court is set in the context of the violin's place in Europe in the sixteenth century, as the author considers the origins of the instrument and discusses contemporary references to violin bands in court, town, and church. The development of the violin band is traced by reference to an immense amount of documentary information, much of it new. The first thorough treatment of this subject, Peter Holman's book will be welcomed for the new light it sheds on large areas of musical history.
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Unit testing is an essential part of a good Quality Control program.
For more information, visit the Wikipedia article on unit testing.
Unit Testing in Open Source
Open source projects, with multiple developers working in parallel around the world, can greatly benefit from unit testing. The main benefits are:
- Unit tests help highlight cases where seemingly minor changes cause unexpected breakage.
- Unit tests help clearly specify how a class should behave.
- Unit tests can expose design flaws very early in development.
- Unit tests make great examples. They are a great place for developers to learn how to use the code.
Unit Testing in Joomla!
Unit testing capabilities in Joomla are still at an early stage. The intention is to define more standards for developing tests, and then to expand the scope of available tests
The SVN repository contains code under the /testing path. /testing/trunk contains code based on the SimpleTest framework. In early December 2007, the development team elected to move to the PHPUnit framework.
Work on using PHPUnit has been done in /testing/branches/2007-12-17. Some new tests have been added, many old tests from the SimpleTest days are completely broken.
At this point, PHPUnit based tests only run in a command line environment.
- The PHPUnit tests require a small modification to the code before they run. /libraries/loader.php requires a conditional "if (! function_exists('jimport'))" wrapper around the jimport() function.
- Strategies for dealing with local configuration and mock objects are not yet complete.
- Files of the form class-sequence-type-test.php, for example JObject-0000-class-test.php use PHPUnit.
- The JDate tests present a good example of a data-driven test, but they won't run on the current 1.5 code base (there are some proposed API changes as a result of unit test development).
- Previously functional tests, such as JFTP, haven't been moved to the PHPUnit environment yet.


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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2010)|
Failure causes are defects in design, process, quality, or part application, which are the underlying cause of a failure or which initiate a process which leads to failure. Where failure depends on the user of the product or process, then human error must be considered.
A part failure mode is the way in which a component fails "functionally" on component level. Often a part has only a few failure modes. Thus a relay may fail to open or close contacts on demand. The failure mechanism that caused this can be of many different kinds, and often multiple factors play a role at the same time. They include corrosion, welding of contacts due to an abnormal electric current, return spring fatigue failure, unintended command failure, dust accumulation and blockage of mechanism, etc. Seldom only one cause (hazard) can be identified that creates system failures. The real root causes can in theory in most cases be traced back to some kind of human error, e.g. design failure, operational errors, management failures, maintenance induced failures, specification failures, etc.
The (end) or immediate effects of failures can also be diverse depending on the function in the system. So the relay failure might result in a failure (actually a fault) to activate a locking actuator. This is called the sub system effect or sub system functional failure mode. And finally this might result in severe damage to system (the end effect) due to the loss of a protection device. When dealing with causes -> mechanisms -> failure modes -> effects, then it should be realised that all this depends on what system level is looked at. An effect from lower level can be a cause on a higher level. It all depends on the scope of scenario of interest.
A scenario is the complete identified possible sequence and combination of events, failures (failure modes), conditions, system states, leading to an end (failure)system state. It starts from causes (if known) leading to one particular end effect (the system failure condition). A failure scenario is for a system the same as the failure mechanism is for a component. Both result in a failure mode (state) of the system / component.
Rather than the simple description of symptoms that many product users or process participants might use, the term failure scenario / mechanism refers to a rather complete description, including the preconditions under which failure occurs, how the thing was being used, proximate and ultimate/final causes (if known), and any subsidiary or resulting failures that result.
The term is part of the engineering lexicon, especially of engineers working to test and debug products or processes. Carefully observing and describing failure conditions, identifying whether failures are reproducible or transient, and hypothesizing what combination of conditions and sequence of events led to failure is part of the process of fixing design flaws or improving future iterations. The term may be applied to mechanical systems failure.
Some types of mechanical failure mechanisms are: excessive deflection, buckling, ductile fracture, brittle fracture, impact, creep, relaxation, thermal shock, wear, corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and various types of fatigue. Each produces a different type of fracture surface, and other indicators near the fracture surface(s). The way the product is loaded, and the loading history are also important factors which determine the outcome. Of critical importance is design geometry because stress concentrations can magnify the applied load locally to very high levels, and from which cracks usually grow.
Over time, as more is understood about a failure, the failure cause evolves from a description of symptoms and outcomes (that is, effects) to a systematic and relatively abstract model of how, when, and why the failure comes about (that is, causes).
The more complex the product or situation, the more necessary a good understanding of its failure cause is to ensuring its proper operation (or repair). Cascading failures, for example, are particularly complex failure causes. Edge cases and corner cases are situations in which complex, unexpected, and difficult-to-debug problems often occur.
Failure by corrosion
Materials can be degraded by their environment by corrosion processes, such as rusting in the case of iron and steel. Such processes can also be affected by load in the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking and environmental stress cracking.
- Failure analysis
- Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
- Failure rate
- Forensic electrical engineering
- Forensic engineering
- Hazard analysis
- Ultimate failure
- While corrosion is not technically a mechanical failure mode, it is usually included in mechanical failure modes because it leads directly to mechanical failures.


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mgr/dashboard: Replace OSD histogram graphs with something more insightful
Currently, the OSD details contain a tab "Histogram" that shows a feature that was ported from the initial dashboard without any modification.
It displays two big red blocks labeled "Writes" and "Reads" as follows:
It's not entirely clear what kind of information these blocks are supposed to visualize and if they are actual "Histograms".
It may make sense to reconsider the design of these widgets with something more useful. Maybe a heat map, combining reads and writes into once graph?


Implementing Techtivities to Promote Students' Covariational Reasoning in College Algebra (ITSCoRe)
Leveraging Desmos—a freely available digital math tool,
ITSCoRe will accomplish a threefold goal:
 1. Develop and validate an instrument measuring students' covariational reasoning
 2. Promote students' outcomes in college algebra by increasing student engagement and enhancing students' covariational reasoning
 3. Promote purposeful, engaged students by drawing connections between students' views of themselves as doers of mathematics, their success in college algebra (as measured by their performance on a common final exam and their final course grade), and their performance on a covariational reasoning instrument.


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Custom tag and variable templates are defined in the Templates section of Google Tag Manager. The main Templates screen will list any tag or variable templates that have already been defined in your container. You can also create new templates from this screen.
The Template Editor
The Template Editor enables you to create, preview, and test custom templates. It has four primary areas for input to help you define your tag template:
- Info - Define basic properties of the template, such as the tag or variable name and icon.
- Fields - This is a visual editor to add input fields to your tag template.
- Permissions - View and set limits on what your tag or variable is permitted to do.
Create your first custom tag template
This example will walk you through how to create a basic example pixel tag. When this tag is fired on a web page, it will send a hit with the correct account information to the tag provider's servers.
1. To begin your first template, click Templates in the left navigation and click the New button under the Tag Templates section.
2. Click Info and define the tag's Name (required), Description, and Icon.
Name is what will be presented to users when they go to implement this tag throughout the Tag Manager user interface.
Description is just what it sounds like - a brief (200 characters or less) description of what this tag does.
Icon lets you choose an image that will appear when the tag is displayed in lists that support the icon property. Icon images should be square PNG, JPEG, or GIF files that are no larger than 50 kB and at least 64px by 64px.
3. Click Refresh to preview your template.
To the right of the field inputs, there is a Template Preview window. Every time a change is made in the editor, the Refresh button will appear. Click Refresh to see what your changes do to the appearance of your tag.
4. Click Fields to add fields to your tag template.
The Template Editor's Fields tab lets you create and edit fields in the tag template. Fields are used to enter custom data, such as an account ID. You can add the standard form elements like text fields, drop down menus, radio buttons, and checkboxes.
5. Click Add Field and select Text input. Replace the default name (e.g. "text1") with "accountId". In the Template Preview, click Refresh.
The field will have familiar variable selector () icon next to it. Users of this template can click the variable selector icon to choose variables that are active in this container.
The next step is to add a label to the field:
6. Click the expand icon (). next to the text field to open more options for this field. Enter "Account ID" in the Display name field. In Template Preview, click Refresh.
A text label titled "Account ID" should appear above the field.
// require relevant API const sendPixel = require('sendPixel'); const encodeUriComponent = require('encodeUriComponent'); // capture values of template fields const account = data.accountId; // use the provided APIs to do things like send pixels const url = '_URL_ + encodeUriComponent(account); sendPixel(url, data.gtmOnSuccess, data.gtmOnFailure);
The first line of code,
const sendPixel = require('sendPixel'), imports the
The second line of code,
const encodeUriComponent = require('encodeUriComponent'), imports the
The next line,
const account = data.accountId;, gets the value of
accountId that was created in step 5, and stores it in a constant called
The 3rd line of code,
const url = '_URL_ + encodeUriComponent(account);, sets up a
url constant that concatenates a fixed URL endpoint that logs analytics data and the encoded account ID with which the tag has been configured.
The last line,
sendPixel(url, data.gtmOnSuccess, data.gtmOnFailure), runs the
sendPixel() function with the required parameters and makes a request to the specified URL. The
data.gtmOnFailure values tell Google Tag Manager when the tag has completed or failed its task, and are then used by Google Tag Manager for features such as tag sequencing or preview mode.
8. Click Save to save your progress. This will load any detected permissions into the Template Editor.
Some Template APIs have permissions associated with them that dictate what they can or cannot do. When you use a template API such as
sendPixel in your code, Tag Manager will show relevant permissions in the Permissions tab.
9. Click Permissions to refine what domains
sendPixel is allowed to send data to. For the Send Pixels entry, click the expand icon () and enter
_URL_ in Allowed URL Match Patterns.
When a tag template is configured to send data, you must specify an Allowed URL Match Pattern under the associated permission to restrict where data can be sent to. If the URL specified in your code does not match an allowed URL match pattern, the
sendPixel call will fail.
A URL match pattern must use HTTPS and specify both host and path patterns. The host can be a domain (e.g. "
_URL_ or a specific subdomain (e.g. "
_URL_ The path must consist of at least a "
/". Use an asterisk (
*) as a wildcard to indicate a subdomain or path pattern of any length (e.g. "
https://\*.example.com/test/"). The asterisk is a wildcard character that will catch the various possible patterns, e.g. "
\*.example.com/" will match
blog.example.com, etc. The asterisk must be escaped with a backslash character: "
\*". A URL with no additional characters (e.g. "
_URL_ is treated as ending in a wildcard (i.e. equivalent to "
Specify additional URL match patterns on separate lines.
10. Click Run Code and look at the Console window for any problems.
Any detected errors will appear in the Console window.
11. Click Save, and close the Template Editor.
The tag template should now be ready for use.
Use your new tag
The process to create a new tag that uses your newly-defined custom tag template is just like any other tag:
- In Google Tag Manager, click Tags > New.
- Your new tag will appear in the Custom section of the New Tag window. Click it to open the tag template.
- Fill in the necessary fields for the tag template configuration.
- Click Triggering and select an appropriate trigger for when the tag should fire.
- Save the tag and publish your container.
Create your first custom variable template
Custom variable templates are similar to tag templates, with a few notable differences:
Custom variable templates must return a value.
Instead of calling
data['gtmOnSuccess']to indicate completion, variables return a value directly.
Custom variables templates are used in different parts of the tag manager UI.
Instead of going to Tags > New to create a new variable based on your custom variable, you go to Variables > New
See create a custom variable for a full guide to creating a custom variable template.
Export and import
To share a custom template with your organization, you can export the custom template and import it into other Tag Manager containers. To export a template:
- In Tag Manager, click Templates.
- Click the name of the template you wish to export from the list. This will open the template in the Template Editor.
- Click the More Actions menu (more_vert) and select Export.
To import a template:
- In Tag Manager, click Templates.
- Click New. This will open a blank template in the Template Editor.
- Click the More Actions menu (more_vert) and select Import.
- Select the
.tplfile that you would like to import.


Grayscale or colored images for computer vision?
Kiskris report abuse
Hi everybody. I'm a software engineer but I recently become interested in computer vision. By learning different tutorials I have noticed that some of them conduct grayscaling of images as a step in preprocessing before training. But other tutorials don't include grayscaling in the image preprocessing. My question is about what is better: leave the image as it is, or transform it to grayscale?
Lu-at-Imaginghub report abuse
Hello _USER_
It depends on the type of objects you want to classify. There is a general question which could help you: "Is the color important for me to classify these objects?"
For example: if you want to distinguish between different type of insects, the color may be important, because the form of bugs can be the same but red bugs belong to one species and yellow bugs belong to another. On the other side, if you want to distinguish between cars body type the color is probably not important.
Best regards, Lu
Kiskris report abuse
But there can be the following situation. I think that the color is not important, but maybe the machine learning model would be able to derive some useful patterns from color. And then by performing grayscaling I will throw away some useful information from my data?
oksifoxy report abuse
When the color is not important it is better to convert images to grayscale because it is easier to work with (both for you and for the model). Accordingly, this can affect the quality of the final results. In any way, you can try both pre-processing with and without converting to grayscale and decide what is better in your case.
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An efficient implementation of maps from integer keys to values (dictionaries).
These modules are intended to be imported qualified, to avoid name clashes with Prelude functions, e.g.
import Data.IntMap (IntMap) import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
The implementation is based on big-endian patricia trees. This data
structure performs especially well on binary operations like
intersection. However, my benchmarks show that it is also
(much) faster on insertions and deletions when compared to a generic
size-balanced map implementation (see Data.Map).
- Chris Okasaki and Andy Gill, "Fast Mergeable Integer Maps", Workshop on ML, September 1998, pages 77-86, _URL_
- D.R. Morrison, "/PATRICIA -- Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In Alphanumeric/", Journal of the ACM, 15(4), October 1968, pages 514-534.
Operation comments contain the operation time complexity in
the Big-O notation _URL_
Many operations have a worst-case complexity of O(min(n,W)).
This means that the operation can become linear in the number of
elements with a maximum of W -- the number of bits in an
(32 or 64).


Distribuidor oficial de Groasis en España | Carrito Compra
Growboxx at the 'Global Opportunity Explorer'
Lectura 5 - 10 min
The Global Opportunity Explorer is an initiative that garthers the ideas and products of companies that are trying to mitigate the climate change by proposing sustainable delovepment solutions for the future. The Global Opportunity Explorer divides its areas of action in the following goals:
global opportunity explorer
Groasis, manufacturer of Waterboxx and Growboxx has been chosen as one of the companies that help with its technology to achieve the objectives proposed by the Global Opportunity Explorer, specifically the problems that the Growboxx manages to mitigate are:
global opportunity explorer no pobreza
No Poverty
The first goal is to end poverty in all its forms by 2030. It also aims to ensure the social protection of poor and vulnerable groups, increase access to basic services and support people harmed by extreme weather events and other factors Economic, social and environmental.
Growing a productive fruit or medicinal tree in combination with four complementary vegetables can provide low income families with a source of income as well as food.
Zero Hunger
Objective 2 aims to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030. It also commits universal access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food at any time of the year. This will require sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices, equal access to land, technology and markets and international cooperation on investments in infrastructure and technology to boost agricultural productivity.
Vegetables planted with Growboxx are produced with 90% less water compared to traditional solutions, providing communities in arid areas with a reliable source of food.
Life on Land
Objective 15 focuses specifically on sustainable management of forests, restoration of degraded lands and the successful combating of desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
The preservation of diverse forms of life on earth requires specific efforts to protect, restore and promote the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and other ecosystems.
The Growboxx can be used to rejuvenate previously degraded lands, using the method of self-reforestation of Groasis.
Groasis Growboxx allows plants and trees to grow in desert areas using limited water resources, without the need for energy or continuous irrigation.
Groasis Growboxx is a seeding technology for eroded, rocky, dry and desert areas that allows the growth of a single tree or a tree in combination with four other plants. It cab be filled with a single dose of 15 liters of water, which avoids evaporation by the design of the box. Instead, water is slowly released into the soil surrounding the seeds. Rain and condensation from the surroundings are also collected in the box. In this way, a heavy rain of only 10 minutes once a year is enough to fill the tank and be able to be supplied to the plant until the following season.
The box releases only 50 ml of water per day. With such a limited amount of water, plants are forced to look deeper into the soil and over time – even in drier areas – the roots often find water a few feet deep. Once the plants have established a root system, the box will biodegrade, which encourages tree growth.
The survival rate of trees using the Growboxx is over 90%, no matter how challenging the circumstances. Similarly, water savings are more than 90% compared to any other planting method during the first year. From the second year, the water saving is 100% since no water is added manually.
Escrito por Rafael Toledo Wright
Marketing y Redacción de Contenidos en Accreviri. Apasionado por la ecología y la naturaleza 🌱
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Evidence Matters in Genomic Medicine—Round 3: Integrating Family Health History into Clinical Preventive ServicesPosted on by
A new podcast from the CDC Expert Commentary Series on Medscape—Family Health History: Use It to Inform Preventive Services for Your Patients— describes how family health history can inform the delivery of preventive health services. The podcast presents three case studies based on recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): screening for lipid disorders in adults, colorectal cancer screening, and BRCA genetic counseling and evaluation. Each case study demonstrates how family health history can be used to define a population subgroup whose increased risk could warrant more intensive preventive intervention. Family health history—which reflects the effects of genetic and environmental risk factors shared within families—has been called the "first genetic test."
CDC's Office of Public Health Genomics recently announced a list of health-related genomic tests and applications, stratified into three tiers according to the availability of scientific evidence and evidence-based recommendations. Tier 1 applications have evidence establishing validity and utility, and their use is supported by evidence-based recommendations; tier 2 applications have evidence establishing validity and promising utility, and may be useful for informed decision making, but lack evidence-based recommendations for their use; and tier 3 applications have inadequate evidence of validity and/or utility, or have evidence-based recommendations against their use. This list was recently expanded to incorporate a broader array of recommendations on cancer genomic tests.
Now we update the list to include 17 USPSTF recommendations that take family health history into account in guiding the delivery of preventive services. To tier 1, we have added three USPSTF A and B recommendations that are explicitly based on family health history: screening for lipid disorders in adults, screening for osteoporosis, and chemoprevention of breast cancer. We have also added to tier 1 two recommendations for genetic services when there is a known genetic mutation in the family: screening for hemochromatosis and BRCA genetic counseling and evaluation.
We have added to tier 2 four USPSTF A and B recommendations and nine USPSTF I (insufficient evidence) recommendations that explicitly include family health history as a "clinical consideration" when offering the service. Tier 3 now includes two USPSTF D recommendations that explicitly recommend against routine genetic services in the general population: screening for hemochromatosis and BRCA genetic counseling and evaluation. Multiple entries on the list for a single genetic testing application, such as BRCA genetic counseling and evaluation, are not surprising since each application can be considered for multiple indications and in different target populations.
So far, we have considered only recommendations or guidelines from USPSTF. Increased risk family health history criteria vary considerably among guidelines, making efforts to compare and harmonize them very challenging.
The vast majority of the USPSTF recommendations that take family history into account map to tier 2, indicating that there are important gaps in the data needed to support use of family health history to guide preventive services. Indeed, a 2009 NIH state-of-the-science conference on family history and improving health found the evidence supporting the systematic collection of family health history in primary care to be very limited. The recent addition of family health history to the national standards for "meaningful use" of electronic health records is an important first step which could help to address these gaps by allowing improved monitoring of the use and impact of family health history in practice.
The growing list of tier 1 applications underscores the role of public health to support effective implementation of evidence-based genomic testing and family history recommendations to realize population health impact. Common approaches, such as promoting the collection of structured family health history information through educational interventions, facilitating the identification of at-risk family members through policy approaches, and monitoring awareness and use of evidence-based recommendations through surveillance and surveys, could apply across multiple recommendations to maximize resources.
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- Page last updated:March 10, 2015
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Find out how to live sustainably and tackle climate change in Lancaster district.
Sustainable living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the Earth's natural resources and his/her own resources. Sustainable living is essentially the application of sustainability to lifestyle choice and decisions
Affordable Warmth is the ability to heat your home to an adequate level for household comfort and health, without developing a debt as a result.
There are a number of initiatives currently available which can help you reduce the impact of rising fuel costs. Further information is also available on the following:
To live sustainably we must protect and enhance our environment because a damaged environment will sooner or later hold back economic development and affect everyone's quality of life.
Do you or your community group have a great idea for an environmental project or community improvement? Find out what funding is available for your inventive plans.
We can all take action, big or small, to live more sustainably. There are lots of things going on around Lancaster district to encourage sustainable activity, combating both climate change and peak oil. To find out more or to get involved, please follow the links below:
Sustainability Partnership of Lancaster District
You can join as a member of the Sustainability Partnership and help this local group develop a wide variety of projects encouraging sustainable activity in Lancaster district.
The Transition Initiative is a community response to climate change and the shortage of fossil fuels; you can join the Lancaster group Transition City Lancaster or the Morecambe group at Transition Morecambe or set up a Transition Initiative in your area.
Lancaster district is a Fairtrade District; you too can support economic and social growth around the world by buying Fairtrade.
Cycling Demonstration Town Initiative
Celebrate Cycling with the CDT and find out how and where to cycle locally. You could even help Lancaster and Morecambe become the cycling capital of the North West.
Lancaster Cohousing plan to build an ecological cohousing community at Halton Gorge near Lancaster with private homes, community facilities, workshop/office space and shared outdoor space. The project will be a cutting edge example of sustainable design and living and will have close links to the Halton and Lancaster communities.


Antithesis used in a sentence
antithesis (ăntĭth'ĭsĭs), a figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure. Parallelism of expression serves to emphasize opposition of ideas.
Antithesis works best when it is used in conjunction with parallelism (successive phrases that use the same grammatical structure), since the repetition What is Antithesis? Definition, Examples of... - Writing Explained Define Antithesis: Learn the definition of antithesis as a literary unit with example sentences & worksheets. What is an antithesis? ANTITHESIS in a sentence | Usage examples Antithesis (Greek for "setting opposite", from ἀντί "against" and θέσις "placing") is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect.Antithesis can be defined as "a... What is 'antithesis'? How is it used in sentences? - Quora An "antithesis" can be either an entity that is the exact opposite of another entity, or the juxtaposition of two completely opposite entities. His opinion was the antithesis of mine. Caravaggio's paintings are characterized by an antithesis between light and darkness.
When but is used as a signal of antithesis, the other structural signal, the parallel arrangement, may not be evident. It may be unnecessary, as in the example above. Antithesis is a device bordering between stylistics and logic. The extremes are easily discernible but most of the cases are intermediate. Antithesis — Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 Antitheses are used to strengthen an argument by using either exact opposites or simply contrasting ideas, but can also include both. They typically make a sentence more memorable for the reader or listener through balance and emphasis of the words.[6]. 1 sentence examples using antithesis examples - antithesis in a sentence - 1.
An apostrophe (') is a type of punctuation used for two purposes: to create contractions, and to create the possessive form of a noun. Truth be told, apostrophes cause a lot of problems for writers—they are often misused, misplaced, and misunderstood!
10 Examples of Antithesis in a Sentence | Literary Techniques
Antithesis is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect. The is based on the logical phrase or term.
Antithesis Examples, Definition and Worksheets | KidsKonnect Antithesis is a literary device designed to highlight the difference/s of two irreconcilable opposites. Download our 5 ready-to-use antithesis worksheets that are perfect to test student knowledge and understanding of what antithesis is and…
Deploying Style Effectively | Boundless Communications
Personification Examples | Ereading Worksheets Personification Examples. Personification is a figurative language technique where an object or idea is given human characteristics or qualities. In other words, using our language, we make an object or idea do something that usually is only done by people. With personification speakers and writers make the object or idea like a person and,... Oxymoron Examples - Examples Of Oxymoron Examples of Oxymoron in Literature. As said above, oxymorons are used in conversations either by mistake or we deliberately add them for fun. They provide a comical twist to a sentence when observed closely. They add a specific flavour to a sentence or phrase, making it attractive and forceful. Development-the in a sentence. The word Development-the in...
A central antithesis of In Cold Blood is illuminated by the French poem that serves as its prologue. The translation of the poem that I have chosen to use reads as follows: "Brothers and men that shall after us be, let not your hearts be hard to us: for pitying this our misery, ye shall find God the more piteous." Thesis, antithesis, synthesis - What you mean is that there is a tradition in philosophy that likes to use such empty and grandiose language -- as I said: these 'potentialities' have been magicked into existence to support other hair-brained ideas, but in this case you co-opt it to defend the odd view that false sentences denote potentialities. PDF Thesis/Antithesis/Synthesis Structure in Presentations and Papers


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Monday, May 20, 2013
A recent order by the federal Environmental Protection Agency that will open a substantial portion of the St. Croix River to migrating alewives has many fans -- and more than a few critics.
Lee Sochasky keeps a count of alewives at the Milltown Dam fishway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick last month. An effort is under way to overturn a 1995 Maine law, a move that could open fishways at other dams on the St. Croix River between Maine and Canada and expand the fish's reach into a sprawling international watershed. But that effort has its detractors, too.
2012 staff file photo/Gregory Rec
Both sides of the dispute may have valid points to make. But there may also be a valid compromise position that, if the EPA agrees, could offer a way around the controversy.
Alewives, also known as river herring, are a small fish with a potentially huge economic and ecological impact.
Their spawning runs upstream from the ocean now involve some tens of thousands of fish using only 6 percent of their estimated potential range.
But expanding it by opening now-closed fishways in upstream dams could balloon their numbers to the tens of millions.
Alewives can have impacts on game fish such as smallmouth bass, an important resource in upstream lakes for fishing camp owners and guides.
But while sportfishermen say the impacts are negative, others say they can be favorable to game species.
Biologists say alewives consume plankton that produce algae blooms that choke up waterways. But their impact is likely to be far wider than that: One former Maine fisheries official termed them "Purina Chow for the ecosystem," noting their roe provides food for the bass that sportfishermen value, and the fish themselves are widely used as bait by lobstermen.
Their most significant use, however, could be in helping inshore groundfish stocks recover. Some experts think the near disappearance of inshore commercial species is due to the lack of alewives lower down the food chain.
Over the past two decades, the state has acted twice to close the upper portions of the river to alewives, but the EPA has now overturned that ban by demanding that blocked fishways at the Grand Falls Dam be opened.
While dams farther upstream, at Grand Lake Stream and Vanceboro, were not specifically mentioned in the EPA order, the agency did say that alewives should be allowed into the "upper St. Croix."
An oversight board with both Canadian and American members established to deal with issues involving the river, which separates Maine and New Brunswick, says it will monitor the impact of the new fish run on the area between those two dams and the Grand Falls Dam.
Limiting alewives to this area could provide a useful test of whether or not the runs do more harm than good, offering the opportunity to calm the fears of sportfishing interests.
However, that depends on whether or not the EPA meant to include the two dams above Grand Falls in its order, something that could preclude a limited-area study over time.
Maine officials would be wise to determine the EPA's intent, and, if any leeway is permitted, vow to cooperate with the agency and with their Canadian counterparts to gauge the alewives' impact in a coordinated fashion based on science.


text: Cold forging is a forming process below the recrystallizing temperature of the material, and it is forged below the recovery temperature. It is customary to call the forging of unheated blank cold forging in production. Most of the cold forging materials are aluminum and some alloys, copper and some alloys, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and low alloy structural steel with low deformation resistance and good plasticity at room temperature. Cold forgings have good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy, and can replace some cutting. Cold forging can strengthen the metal and improve the strength of the parts.


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An Ontology-Based Approach To Concern-Specific Dynamic Software Structure Monitoring
This thesis introduces ResOwn - an application resource ownership ontology for interactive session-oriented services. ResOwn provides software monitoring with enriched concepts of application resource ownership borrowed from real-world legal and ownership ontologies. ResOwn is formally defined in OWL-DL (Web Ontology Language Description Logic), verified using an off-the-shelf reasoner, and tested using the call processing software for a small private branch exchange (PBX). The ResOwn Prime Directive states that every object in an operational software system is a resource, an owner, or both simultaneously. Resources produce benefits. Beneficiary owners may receive resource benefits. Nonbeneficiary owners may only manage resources. This approach distinguishes resource ownership use from management and supports the ability to detect when a resource's role-based runtime capacity has been exceeded.
This thesis also presents a greybox approach to concern-specific, dynamic software structure monitoring including a monitor architecture, greybox interpreter, and algorithms for deriving monitoring model from a monitored target's formal specifications. The target's requirements and design are assumed to be specified in SDL, a formalism based on communicating extended finite state machines. Greybox abstraction, applicable to both behavior and structure, provides direction on what parts, and how much of the target to instrument, and what types of resource errors to detect.
The approach was manually evaluated using a number of resource allocation and ownership scenarios. These scenarios were obtained by collecting actual call traces from an instrumented PBX. The results of an analytical evaluation of ResOwn and the monitoring approach are presented in a discussion of key advantages and known limitations. Conclusions and recommended future work are discussed at the end of the thesis.
School:University of Waterloo
School Location:Canada - Ontario
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:electrical computer engineering ontology application resource ownership dynamic software structure monitoring
Date of Publication:01/01/2006


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Distance from Baltimore: 55 miles, about an hour and 15 minutes by car Why it's worth the gas: More than 200 years ago, the first U.S.-born saint began a ministry here in the mountains of Western Maryland. The Seton National Shrine honors Elizabeth Ann Seton, who took vows as a nun after converting to Catholicism, moved from New York to Baltimore to launch a Catholic school for girls, then left for Emmitsburg to found what became the American province of the Daughters of Charity. She was canonized in 1975 by Pope Paul VI. Don't miss: The National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady Lourdes is the oldest known replica of the revered French shrine. Visitors can attend Mass, light a candle or collect Holy Water. Visit the chapel, above, where an image of Elizabeth Ann Seton is shown in stained glass. Information:Seton National Shrine, 333 South Seton Ave., Emmitsburg. Go to _URL_.
Chiaki Kawajiri, The Baltimore Sun
Copyright © 2018, Hartford Courant


Archive for April, 2012
April 10, 2012
"Jussi is considered to have perfect technique, however, on almost every phrase, I see him violating one of the basic rules of technique — he's taking a high breath. On every single phrase, his chest and shoulders rise. He doesn't appear to be taking a low breath at all."
Lots of people have shoulder tension, and lots of people don't use much of diaphragm when singing; it does not follow from these that the shoulders should not be uplifted.
Shoulders, chest, and diaphragm should be full expanded for maximum air intake. Analogous to running– max intake when all these are fully intaking air. Shoulders lift, my estimate, is anywhere from 5 to 15% more air.
If the shoulders are uplifted vertically, this is usually suggestive of tension. If shoulders are expanded laterally, and then uplifted, this suggests filling with air, and is correct.
Additionally, I disagree with the view that there's a "correct" shoulder movement or position. Effective singing is usually a sublimated emotion, and a raised shoulder is frequently or usually a part of fear emotion.
So, the natural position for shoulder should be– 1. When possible full expansion 2. As part of the emotion being expressed.


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Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article
|Journal publication date||03/1991|
|Journal||Semiconductor Science and Technology|
|Number of pages||5|
A non-quantum interference mechanism in the current-voltage characteristics of double-barrier semiconductor heterostructures is suggested. It is based on the admixing of independent contributions of channels corresponding to different values of the electron momentum along the plane of device. The disturbing of coherence of channels due to non-parabolicity of the conduction band and magnetic field parallel to the plane causes a modulation of amplitude of resonant oscillations (looking like beats) in devices with wide interbarrier space. In the simplest cases the amplitude of oscillations depends on the voltage drop V and magnetic field H as sin(V3/2)/V3/2 and J1(H)/H respectively. Our consideration gives an interpretation of the experiments in a parallel magnetic field.


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cancan (kănˈkăn) [key], a lively French dance marked chiefly by high kicking. It was developed in Paris in the 1830s and became a popular social dance there. By the mid-19th cent. it was incorporated into dance revues and stage productions. Jacques Offenbach wrote the best-known cancan music. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec made celebrated paintings and lithographs of famous cancan dancers.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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