5 Strange Sexual Traditions from Around the World
5 Strange Sexual Traditions from Around the World
Last update: 04 July, 2018
For thousands of years, sexuality has been the subject of curiosity, interest, fear, and enigma. There are many sexual traditions related to relationships and maturation.
Many of those sexual traditions have survived the erosive passage of time. Although it seems hard to believe, customs that Western culture's limited framework may consider strange – even unacceptable still exist today. We're talking about female and male circumcision, initiation rituals, sacrifices, and a wide variety of mystical acts.
A few of these sexual traditions attract attention due to their brutality. Others arouse curiosity because they contrast greatly with Western customs. All of them tell us about the symbolic world that accompanies human sexuality, and that it's markedly different from animal mating. Here are five examples.
indigenous tribe
1. The strange sexual traditions of the Sambia people
In Papua New Guinea, children must leave their mother's side at 7 years old. From then on, they have to live with the adult males of their community: the goal is for them to become "men". It's a sexual tradition that seeks to avoid contamination. It's also based on the idea that women are impure beings.
The children's passage to adulthood includes some rituals where they cut and pierce their skin. The objective is to remove any traces of contamination that have remained from contact with women. As if this weren't enough, they also have to drink the semen of the elders. According to their beliefs, this gives them more vigor and helps them grow.
2. The Mardudjara Aborigines
This Australian community has a strange initiation ritual for men. The first thing they do is circumcise the men with primitive methods. This circumcision is supposedly very painful. The young men even have to their eat their foreskins.
Once the wound has healed, they cut the penis vertically at the bottom. The blood that flows from this wound is thrown into a fire. It's believed that the new man is purified by this ritual. This is one of many sexual traditions associated with purification by pain.
3. Trobriand Islanders
In this remote New Guinea community, sexual relations take place from an early age. The girls begin at an age of between 6 and 8 years old and boys between 10 and 12 years old. The culture considers it acceptable for them to live together for short periods of time.
From a small age, the girls are instructed to adopt gestures and appearances designed to seduce the boys. They don't get married young. They see sexual relationships as a reality that doesn't imply any kind of commitment.
indigenous girls
4. The Saut D'eau Ritual
In Haiti, the general public still believes strongly in voodoo. One of the most traditional rituals takes place at the waterfalls of Saut D'eau. These are public celebrations, in full view of everyone.
Most people are naked in these festivities. Couples have sex in front of others and orgies also take place. In addition, it's normal for many of those present to be "possessed," according to their beliefs. This leads them to have severe seizures and roll around in the mud.
5. The Nepali Brotherhood
There's a great scarcity of land and resources in Nepal. It isn't easy for the region's inhabitants to form a family. They should be careful about bringing more mouths to the world to feed because there's not much land and food.
To solve this problem, it's customary for brothers to share a wife. All of them must marry the same woman. The purpose is that they can live together to be stronger in the face of the hostility of the environment. It's also to keep a male from being left without a wife while preventing him from having offspring.
Nepalese women
All cultures have given a specific value to sexuality. None of them see it as a purely biological act, but as a fact of life that transcends it all, something symbolic. However strange these sexual traditions may be, they all represent a way of understanding reality that has a meaning within its context. They're valuable proof that we're beings in search of meaning.
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Is it OK for children to count on their fingers? Generations of pupils have been discouraged by their teachers from using their hands when learning maths. But a new research article, published in Frontiers in Education shows using fingers may be a much more important part of maths learning than previously thought.
The article, by Professor Tim Jay of Sheffield Hallam University and independent researcher Dr Julie Betenson, confirms what parents have long felt instinctively – that the sorts of finger games children often play at home are central to their education.
The researchers worked with 137 primary pupils aged between six and seven. All the children were given different combinations of counting and number games to play – but only some were given exercises which involved finger-training.
Some pupils played games involving number symbols, such as dominoes, shut-the-box, or snakes and ladders.
Other pupils were asked to play finger games: such being asked to hold up a given number of fingers, or numbering fingers from 1–5 and then having to match one of them by touching it against the corresponding finger on the other hand, or tracing coloured lines using a particular finger.
Both these groups did a little better in maths tests than a third group of pupils who had simply had 'business as usual' with their teachers. But the group which did both the counting and the finger games fared significantly better.
"This study provides evidence that fingers provide children with a 'bridge' between different representations of numbers, which can be verbal, written or symbolic. Combined finger training and number games could be a useful tool for teachers to support children's understanding of numbers," Professor Jay said.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I have a good understanding of the system objects available to protect the counter variable above. This example comes from a larger system. Adding one line of code, would take months to rebuild, retest, redeploy.
In a finite system such as computer programming, I am trying not to assume anything. I am trying to figure out if the above assuptions are the only possible influences on the counter variable (comment about printf statement noted).
A colleague insists that at one time or another the variable could contain a "garbage" value. I tend to insist that the value x will always clearly reflect the number of operations performed - (minus) the number of times the race condition is hit.
Anybody willing to take sides?
Last edited by RwAA23; March 30th, 2009 at 04:39 AM.
>> Anybody willing to take sides?
The actual answer depends on the CPU architecture and the assembly instructions generated by the compiler (which could easily change with the change of a compiler option...).
The general answer has been given. Anything can happen - meaning any value read from x can be considered "garbage".
Ok, thanks again for the posts. I get the feeling that I'm going wrong somewhere and if anybody has the patience to go back to basics to find out where, please let me know.
I start with x=x+1 which (to me) means read x, add 1 to it, write x.
For me, adding concurrency means that if a thread is interrupted between the read and the write, then both threads "think" they've incremented x; so you can never be sure that x is reflecting a correct value for whatever this program is doing; thus the need to protect access to it.
What I am getting back on these posts is that there is a possibility to interrupt threads during the read and write operations, does this mean the value of x can be partially written while being read? That's what I am having a difficult time with.
Or maybe another possibility, could some OS architectures require more than one operation to read or write; meaning that they can be interrupted between operations rather than during?
>> does this mean the value of x can be partially written while being read?
>> require more than one operation to read or write; meaning that they can be interrupted between operations
There are many ways un-synchronized access to shared to shared memory can break your code:
* re-ordering of program-order memory accesses by the compiler
* re-ordering of inter-thread memory accesses by CPU cache-coherency and speculative execution algorithms of the HW
* all the various interleavings of threads executing non-atomic instructions
If you want to tell us the CPU, OS, and compiler you're using, then one could speculate as to what could actually occur when multiple threads execute "++x". In general it's a LOAD, INC, STORE - each of which may or may not be atomic.
Last edited by Codeplug; March 31st, 2009 at 02:52 PM.
For the value of x, I think I can put it to rest. Without synchro, the value can be anything at any given time.
Just one last question, could you briefly explain or give an example to what you eluded to in ticket 6? IS this relating to a "bad" value of x being passed further down the line and having a bug appear elsewhere? Or, is there some other black voodoo magic dangerous to the real world ;-) about having two thread both read and write to the same static memory location?
Or, is there some other black voodoo magic dangerous to the real world ;-) about having two thread both read and write to the same static memory location?
It's totally black voodoo magic. Either that or experience.
In simple MT programs, race conditions can be tracked down relatively easily. An experience [mt] developer can usually spot the problems with a quick code inspection and may even be able to predict the type of failure(s).
However, when the complexity of the system goes up, it becomes more difficult to understand or predict how or in what module the program will fail.
Depending on the programmers style, it may be difficult to isolate these issues. For example consider a style where global variables are shared between threads (not an approach I recommend) in a complex program. If any unprotected access is made to the shared variable you will have unpredictable results which may manifest themselves in behaviors that aren't at all expected. Sure, when you track the issue down you can usually explain the behavior such that this unprotected global had a race condition that led to this, then this, and finally this. However, not always can the resultant behavior in complex systems be explained by immediately understanding that it's caused by an unprotected variable.
As I said, I wouldn't recommend sharing a global variable between threads. I prefer to provide some isolation and encapsulation with data shared between threads. For example, I would create a class containing the data and create some synchronized accessors that read and write the data. The different threads that consume the class, don't need to worry about the synchronization chores - they simply call the accessors (and the synchronization happens within the class).
Another synchronization approach that I follow is to use the RAII (Resource Aquisition Is Initialization). I use a couple of synch wrapper classes that wrap a critical section, mutex, and reader writer lock implementation and then a 'locker' class that provides the RAII support. The locker class provides the RAII by simply obtaining a lock in the ctor and automatically releasing it in the dtor. This ensures that a lock is always released and greatly simplifies the code.
I mentioned earlier that I don't sweat knowing the atomic operations specific to a platform. The code I wrote isn't usually platform specific so I don't what to get into maintaining special cases as to whether I require synchronization on this platform or that. My general rule is that if I am sharing a variable across threads, then I synchronize access. The exceptioin to this is when the data in the variable is created prior to being accessed by the multiple threads and as a result is only ever read-only. Of course, part of getting good performance with regard to multithreading is to wisely choose the proper synch primitives (cs, mutex, etc.).
>>Am I right to expect that both threads may (from time to time) print the >>message for the same 100 operations?
Theoretically its possible that it may not print anything at all..
Consider this scenario.
when x was just evaluating 99. Thread one kicks in and makes it 100, thats allright. But before it could do x%100, thread 2 kicks in and increase it to 101. Now ++x%100 will evaluate 1 and hence would not print.
SO theoretically it may happen that it never print.
Dont forget to rate my post if you find it useful.
Thanks to everyone, I really enjoyed this discussion and I fully agree that failure to protect shared variables is normally bad form, sloppy and / or lazy. That can lead to "dangerous" situations since garbage values are not always expected nor are they handled safely. It is far better to avoid the garbage values rather than let them happen and have to defend against them later.
I'll come clean. I started thinking about the consequences of this race condition as I was writting a quick program to diagnose something. The program had something like heartbeats, with a tolorance to miss one (or two in a row (which would have happened if the race condition was hit)). I knew it was a patch job, and couldn't be bothered adding sychronisation. Even adding one line of code with a "auto" critical section (similar to what Arjay explained with a lock & unlock in the ctor & dtor) add a dependancy to another class or library.
Thanks again for the discussion, I wouldn't mind having you all over to my place sometime. I run a pretty tight ship. Heck you can almost eat off the floor. But I'll tell ya a little secret, I once left meatloaf in my fridge for over a month ;-)
It should be pointed out that not all race conditions are capable of generating garbage, and not all race conditions are---strictly speaking---bad. But they're important to be aware of.
Let's say that Event A and Event B occur in different threads. They access some of the same information, but are not strictly reliant on one or the other happening first. So long as that information is properly protected by a critical section, there's no danger of garbage being introduced. However, a race condition still exists; and if at some future point the ordering of A and B becomes relevant, this would need to be addressed.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Class case study: Effects of silage on a rural stream
Nature of Science
Download class case study
Two Year 4 classes investigated silage and the possible effects of run-off on a small rural stream as part of a biotechnology unit.
This class case study investigates the effectiveness of the teaching unit plan Effects of silage on a rural stream
The teachers used a biotechnology topic that was real and meaningful for the students, in a context with which students were familiar. It was also important that the topic was challenging, engaging and included an opportunity for learning in the area of biotechnology appropriate to the age of the students.
Silage, pollution, waterways, farming, investigation, environmental impact.
- 24 November 2007
- application/msWord, text/html


views to sort and filter your list of tasks, view tasks with due dates on a Calendar, or filter for only attachments. If there is a specific way you and your team prefer to sort tasks in a project, you can save it as the default view for everyone. Asana provides a variety of ways to sort and filter your list of tasks. Some people like to manually set the order, while others want tasks to be automatically sorted by a characteristic like due date or assignee.
An essential view in Asana is Boards. Boards let you organize your work like sticky notes, and you can move them across sections.
11. Trello
You can use Trello as a collaboration tool to organize your projects. You split your projects into boards. It is easiest to visualize Trello like a giant electronic whiteboard with lists of sticky notes, albeit a whiteboard you can stick in your pocket if you're using the mobile Trello app. Although different firms use Trello differently, you can think of each column (list) on your board as representing a significant milestone. You then create a series of cards on each list, representing the specific tasks you need to perform to reach each milestone. Trello's boards, lists, and cards enable teams to organize and prioritize projects easily.
You can add comments, attachments, due dates, and more directly to Trello cards. Trello includes automation with Butler. You can use Butler to remove tedious tasks from your to-do lists with rule-based triggers, custom cards & board buttons, calendar commands, and due date commands.
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International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies
12 July 2011, 11:05
The IFRC is developing its capacity to use mobile phone technology in the collection, management, and analysis of data. The use of the mobile phones has considerable benefits in the efficient, and reliable input, quality assurance, and timely analysis of data. Such potential is particularly well-suited for humanitarian as well as recovery settings.
With a variety or program areas, as well as 186 national societies, there are more than one example of mobile phone technology being used at the IFRC for data collection, management, and analysis. The following table summarizes some of the major software options: _URL_
Pilots have already been conducted in IFRC malaria prevention programming using Episurveyor, a nonprofit open-source software for the design and management of surveys online and enumerated through mobile phones with the use a downloaded application.
Initially, we will build upon the lessons and best practices of the use of mobile phones for data collection with household surveys (baseline/endline), triangulated with other methods to measure impact. However, there are also potential applications of the phones being used for other monitoring and assessment purposes, including needs assessment, beneficiary and context monitoring, and volunteer management.


Joint WMATA Governance Review Task Force Met With Frustration
How can a task force get input from the public if not enough people show up? Photo by Daquella manera.
How can a task force get input from the public if not enough people are able to show up? Photo by Daquella manera.
This morning's Board of Trade/Council of Governments task force meeting to gain public input on Metro governance and best practices was a disappointment, expressed many participants.
Here are some of the complaints that resonated among most of the 12 speakers who signed up to offer their input to the task force:
Timing: The meeting was held at 9 a.m., when most people need to be at the office. This made it difficult for the task force to get input from a diverse group of D.C. residents, especially workers, students and families who are unable to leave their commitments to attend a 9:00 a.m. meeting on public transit. As a result, only about 20 people from the general public showed up. David Alpert of Greater Greater Washington was the first to point out this incongruity, and other speakers echoed his complaint. Probably largely because of this timing problem, most participants who came to speak were involved in public transit professionally. In addition, there was an unpublicized three-minute time limit for each speaker. Many speakers had carefully prepared observations and suggestions, unaware that they would be limited to three minutes, and did not have a chance to make their points.
Task Force Composition: The composition of the task force represents just one interest group: business. As many speakers pointed out, this prevents the task force from truly representing a broad range of stakeholders in their final recommendations.
Issues Addressed: Most participants pointed to funding – not governance – as the "elephant in the room," saying that an independent review of WMATA governance is merely a distraction from the deeper problem of underfunding. In response, the task force said they hoped to get more input about how governance structure can affect funding in the future.
As far as recommendations are concerned, the most common point was that elected WMATA board members (currently from Arlington, Alexandria, Fairfax County, and D.C.) have consistently shown more accountability to stakeholders and greater transparency in their work than appointed board members (from Maryland).
WMATA board composition: More (or all) elected officials, fewer appointees. This came at a moment when Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell was threatening to withhold $50 million in funding unless he could appoint two of Virginia's four board members. (Many participants expressed concern that the business lobby behind the task force had the ulterior motive of removing elected officials from the WMATA board.) TCRP Report 85 highlights the effectiveness and responsiveness of elected boards for transit agencies, which in turn reinforce the public's trust in the system, creating a virtuous cycle of higher ridership and revenues.
Equal access to information: David Alpert pointed out that all board members must be regular riders in order to understand the issues they control, and that presently, the board chairman has too much control over the information available to the rest of the board, which causes information bottlenecks within the board.
Culture of safety: Metro has had an inordinately high number of safety issues over the past year, and several participants expressed concern about a lacking "culture of safety" within WMATA. Stewart Schwartz, executive director of the Coalition for Smarter Growth, emphasized this issue, saying that WMATA must hire a top-notch General Manager who prioritizes a safety culture.
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A grapefruit is a large fruit that looks like an orange and it belongs to the citrus family. Though, it's still regarded as a "new comer," since it's a cross-breed between a pomelo and an orange. The diameter of a grapefruit could range between 4-5 inches, and its albedo (the white portion under the skin), is about a quarter to half an inch thick. Furthermore, the fruit's skin is similar to an orange, but the flesh comes in pink, red, or white. The reason why it's called grapefruit, is because it grows in clusters, just like grapes. When it comes to taste, it's usually sour and bitter.
Selection and Storage
- When selecting grapefruits, opt for ones that are richly colored. The skin should be firm and free from blemishes.
- Scars and bruises could often indicate improper handling, or insect damage.
- Select grapefruits that yield slightly to firm hand pressure.
- Ideal grapefruits are usually heavy for their size. It's also a good indicator of juiciness.
- Avoid those grapefruits that are either soft, mushy, or elongated. They're generally of poorer quality.
- The difference in taste between red, pink, and white grapefruit varieties is usually unnoticeable. They're equally sweet most of the time.
Like all fruits, grapefruits are also perishable and should be stored properly to lengthen its shelf life.
- If you're not planning to eat your grapefruit, don't slice it. Leave it fully intact at a room temperature.
- Generally, grapefruits could be stored for several days. However, once the bruises or spoil spots start to appear, it's an indication that it would deteriorate soon.
- Fresh whole grapefruits should be stored inside the refrigerator. Put them inside a plastic bag for optimum results. The longest storage time would be, up to 3 weeks.
- A sliced grapefruit should be stored in an airtight container. This could last for 5 days if refrigerated.
- For best results, it's advisable to wrap the cut portions of the fruit with a plastic wrap. This would keep as much air as possible, so that the grapefruit wouldn't become dry.
Note: Peeled grapefruit doesn't last long. So it's recommended to only peel the grapefruits when you're about to consume them.
How to Properly Peel A Grapefruit
- Using a sharp knife, slice off the ends of your grapefruit.
- Stand your grapefruit on one of the ends for easier peeling.
- Insert the top of the knife between the peel and the flesh of the grapefruit. Then, gently loosen the peel.
- You can now start peeling your grapefruit with just your fingers.
- Using a sharp knife, cut one end of the grapefruit. Try to avoid cutting the edible flesh of the fruit.
- In a sawing motion starting at the top, slowly slice the peel.
- Make your way around the fruit in a spiral manner to cut away the remaining peel.
- Never store a whole grapefruit inside a freezer.
- If molds start to form on the skin and the fruit emits a bad odor, don't eat it.
Several Ways to Cook and Enjoy A Grapefruit
1. Grilled – Grilling a grapefruit could caramelize its natural sugars and bring out the flavor. Best of all, it's very easy to grill this fruit. All you need to do is cut it in half and grill it face-side down for about 5 minutes. For a healthy grill treat, you could top it with honey.
2. Turn it into a salsa – If you like mango or orange salsa, you'll definitely love grapefruit salsa! Just dice the fruit, mix with caramelized onions, lime, diced avocado, and diced jalapeno. You can use it to top a salmon, over your crackers, on your salad, or anywhere you'd use your salsa.
3. Candied grapefruit peel – This could be used as a garnish for iced tea, cocktails, and lemonade. You could also add them to a cake batter, frosting, fillings, pan sauces, salad dressings, stews, and braises.
- From organic grapefruits, remove the peel in large sections and try to trim as much pith as you can.
- Blanch it and remove the remaining pith.
- Cut the zest into strips and let it simmer into 1 part of water with 2 parts of sugar for about 45 minutes.
- On the next day, roll the strips in sugar and store them in an airtight container for a longer shelf life.
4. Use it as a sauce
- For a mild fish, add a little blanched grapefruit zest and a spoonful of juice.
- On the other hand, if you prefer an oily fish like tuna, salmon, mackerel, and swordfish, you'll need a punchier pan sauce. Sautee your onions and garlic, blanched grapefruit zest, grapefruit juice, thinly sliced scallion, and a little soy sauce.
5. As a salad ingredient – Grapefruit is perfect for salads. For a healthy and sumptuous meal, slice them into pieces, mix with walnuts, arugula, feta cheese, walnuts, and a small amount of vinaigrette.
6. Juiced – You can juice this fruit in a number of ways. It could be used as an alternative to lime and produce grapefruit margaritas. Also, you can drink it straight or add a little water. This will depend on your preference.
- After you've eaten all of the pulp, don't throw the remaining of the fruit yet. You can squeeze the rest of the juice and drink it or use it in a smoothie.
- Sprinkling some sugar on top of it could lessen it's sourness.
- If you're tired of eating a regular grapefruit, you could freeze them first for a change. You'll have a yummy ice-like treat that's very healthy.
- When peeling a grapefruit, be careful not to cut yourself.
- To make it more presentable, you can add a cherry on the center half of it.
- For an added twist, try broiling a grapefruit with blue cheese or a little brown sugar.
- If you're on medication, consult a doctor first before consuming a grapefruit.
- The tougher parts of the grapefruit shouldn't be eaten. Even though they're harmless, they don't taste that good and they are very hard to chew.
Despite its bitter-sour taste, this fruit is packed with tons of health benefits.
- Weight Loss – Grapefruits are proven to help people lose weight and keep up with their ideal weight. As a matter of fact, most dieticians and nutritionists suggest including grapefruits in a daily diet chart.
- Lowers the Insulin Levels – Doctors came to a conclusion that grapefruits could lower the insulin level, resulting in rapid weight loss. The sugar is used as the body's fuel instead of being stored as fats.
- Anti-carcinogenic – Grapefruit is full of flavonoids that help the body fight against infections, making it free from carcinogens that could cause cancer. Likewise, the high level of pectin present in grapefruits acts as a laxative that protects the colon mucous membrane.
- Better Eyesight – Red and pink grapefruits contain huge amounts of beta-carotene. It keeps the eyes healthy and improves the vision. One grapefruit a day is more than enough to maintain the ideal vision and eradicate the ravages of eye aging and strain.
- Remedy For Arthritis – The salicylic acid found in grapefruits could lessen the pain of arthritis. For best results, drink grapefruit juice with apple cider vinegar.
- Treatment for Infections – The flavonoid present in grapefruits helps the body fight infections. Wherein, eating grapefruit daily could provide a boost in immunity against diseases.
- Reduces Cholesterol – The antioxidants present in grapefruit could reduce the cholesterol level of a person for up to 15%. Doctors recommend the grapefruit diet to those patients who suffer cholesterol problems. Also, it could strengthen the heart and prevent the development of heart disease.
- A Liver Cleanser – Grapefruit contains several cleansing agents for the liver. Among them are the phythonutrients called limonoids. The limonoids aid in excreting the toxic from the liver, making them more water soluble. Likewise, it also contains naringenin that helps the liver to burn fat instead of storing it.
- Could Reduce Gum Bleeding – Eating 2 grapefruits a day could treat a bleeding gum. It also increases the vitamin C levels of the body which is a way to avoid periodontal disease.
- Treatment for Respiratory Problems – Eating grapefruits could strengthen the immunity and lessen the duration of colds.
- Stops the Formation of Kidney Stones – Studies show that drinking a liter of grapefruit a day could lessen the risks of developing kidney stones. Its high content of vitamin C helps in increasing urinary pH and the rate at which the citric acid should be excreted. Minimizing the risks of kidney stone formation.
- Promotes Hair Growth – Our hair follicles could get clogged up because of dandruff and dry, flaky skin; this could hinder hair growth. However, grapefruit seed extracts could fight the bacteria on the scalp, soothe the skin, and prevent dandruff. Encouraging faster hair growth.


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Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia.
1. To move away from someone or something. I hugged my parents for as long as I could before the train whistle blew and we drew away from each other. As soon as I heard the buzzing bees, I drew away from the flowers.
2. To move someone or something away from someone or something else. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "draw" and "away." I drew my toddler away from the cat when I saw how vigorously she was petting it.
3. To pass one's fellow competitors, as in a race. I knew I had a chance to win the race when I drew away from the fastest girl in the heat.
4. To take the focus of a situation away from someone or something else. I can't believe my own sister got engaged a week before my wedding, totally drawing the attention away from me!
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2015 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved.
draw (some kind of attention) away
(from someone or something ) to capture attention or praise due to someone or something. Her sterling performance drew attention away from the big star in one of the other roles. She drew away too much notice by her late arrival at the party.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Pull off or back, as in He drew his chair away from the fire.
2. Move ahead of competitors, as in On the last lap Jim drew away from the other runners.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 2003, 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
1. To pull something away: I drew the dogs away from the creek. The babysitter drew away the children from the stranger.
2. To pull back from someone or something: The jury drew away from the bloody photograph. The man reached toward us, but we drew away.
3. To move ahead of competitors, as in a race: In the last lap, the leader drew away from the pack.
4. To lure or attract something away from someone or something: Her speech drew attention away from the honoree. The national election drew away interest in our local news.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.


State and Local Governments
The federal government provides financial support for state and local governments, imposes restrictions on the activities of those governments, and offers incentives for those governments to undertake or not undertake certain activities. The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) ensures that, during the legislative process, the Congress receives information about restrictions on state, local, and tribal governments (and on private entities) known as federal mandates. Specifically, CBO produces mandate statements for each committee-approved bill.


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Ecochicks automatic 56eggs incubators and home egg hatching machines qre equipped with 1 egg tray, Microprocessor for precise control strategies, digital temperature sensors and humidity sensors has high-precision and long life.
- Efficient eggs incubator is automatic in temperature,humidity,alarm and egg turning control.
- These egg incubator are all suitable for incubation and hatching.
- We use color plate housing for incubator' s appearance and adopt seesaw egg turning structure.
- Intelligent Hatch Controller
- Multi-function egg tray,the egg fits can put chicken eggs, duck eggs and quail eggs.
- Micro-computer controller automatic controlled temperature, humidity, egg-turning.
- Hot air fan will automatic diffuse temperature, which makes chicken incubator temperature inside uniform.


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|Little Hangleton graveyard|
The Little Hangleton graveyard was the final resting place of the Riddle Family of Little Hangleton. The three Riddles, Thomas, Mary, and their son Tom, were all laid to rest in this graveyard shortly after being murdered by their teenage son, Tom Marvolo Riddle (who would grow up to become the infamous Dark Wizard Lord Voldemort).
The graveyard was located in the valley county side outside the village of Little Hangleton. Like the village, both the graveyard and its church, were clearly visible from the hillside above the valley. The graveyard was bordered by a stone wall and sat next to the grounds of the vast Riddle estate and the Riddle House was clearly visible from the graveyard. Frank Bryce, the Riddle's groundskeeper, lived in a cottage on the grounds which was located right next to the graveyard and was separated from it by the stone wall. One set of the cottage's kitchen windows faced the graveyard. The grave yard was placed in an uneven area which resulted in it having high and low burial ranges nged from wide open to narrow and cramped. There was also a small wooden area filled with yew and other bare trees.
In previous years, the Little Hangleton graveyard was a fine resting place for the citizens of the Little Hangleton. However by 1994 the graveyard had become overgrown. Many of the graves had become covered by ivy and moss. Many of the names written on them had become faded. Several grave stones had become tilted and sunken into the ground. A number of stone steps had also recessed into the ground and partly hidden. The Riddle House can be seen in the distance.
GravesAs well as having normal graves, the graveyard also had above ground mausoleums and a series of below ground vaults and catacombs. While most of those buried had simple head stones to mark their graves, there were several other monuments that were grander. Several were marked by stone obelisks and angels. Near the mausoleum and vaults were a number of stone sarcophaguses. Several of these were placed on top of each other. The most opulent of the graves belonged to the Riddle family. The Riddle grave was marked by a large marble headstone that bore the names of Thomas Riddle, Mary Riddle and Tom Riddle Sr.. The most striking feature of the grave was the large stone statue of the Angel of Death. The angel bore a raised scythe in its right hand and featured a skull face and skeletal hands.
The Riddle murders
In 1943, Tom Marvolo Riddle (the future Lord Voldemort) came to Little Hangleton to seek out his family and travelled to the Gaunt shack, the former home of his mother Merope Gaunt. There, he found his half-crazed uncle, Morfin Gaunt, living in deplorable conditions. Gaunt (who had no idea that this boy was his nephew) immediately mistook Riddle for "that Muggle that married my (Morfin's) sister,". Morfin went on to tell his sister Merope's tragic tale, and how she was abandoned by her husband many years ago. Riddle was enraged by what he considered the tale of his father causing his mother's death and condemning him to a miserable life in a Muggle orphanage.
After Morfin finished his story, Riddle temporarily incapacitated his uncle, and took his wand. He then proceeded to the "big house over the way" Morfin had told him about, the Riddle House. Once there, Riddle used the Killing Curse upon his father and his Muggle grandparents, Thomas Riddle and Mary Riddle. Riddle returned to the Gaunt shack and replaced Morfin's wand on his person and altered his memory so that he would confess to killing the Riddles and there would be no further investigation into the matter.
The Riddle's gardener, Frank Bryce, was accused of the murders on the Muggle end of the investigation. Though, the baffled Great Hangleton Police were forced to release Bryce for lack of evidence, as the cause of death could not be determined, Bryce's life was mired in rumour and speculation. Morfin, meanwhile, proudly confessed to killing the Riddles to the Ministry of Magic (which recognised it as a wizard's murder instantly), and was taken away to Azkaban Prison to serve a life sentence for the murder of the Riddle family. Thus, two men paid for the crimes of the future Lord Voldemort while Riddle escaped with Marvolo Gaunt's Ring, stolen from his uncle Morfin. The three Riddles were laid to rest in a prepared family grave in the Little Hangleton Graveyard, where their remains would remain undisturbed for over fifty years.
Plot against Harry Potter
Many years later, the adult Lord Voldemort hatched a plot to regain his body and murder his greatest enemy, Harry Potter. The potion he devised required three ingredients: bone of the father unwillingly given, flesh of the servant willingly sacrificed, and blood of the enemy forcibly taken. Lord Voldemort returned to the site of his first murder, the Riddle House, with his servant Peter Pettigrew in August of 1994. Frank Bryce, now an old man, saw a light in the windows of the Riddle House and went to investigate. Inside, he overheard part of Lord Voldemort's plan to capture and kill Harry Potter but was discovered by Nagini, who reported his presence to Voldemort. After a brief confrontation between Bryce and the Dark Lord, Voldemort performed the same curse upon Bryce that he performed on the Riddle Family more than half a century ago in that very same house, killing Bryce instantly.
Return of the Dark Lord and the graveyard duel
On the night of the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament (which had been grossly manipulated by Lord Voldemort through his servant, Barty Crouch Jr.), 24 June 1995, Harry Potter entered the Triwizard Maze in search of the Triwizard Cup. Unbeknownst to Harry or anyone else involved in the Tournament, Crouch had turned the Triwizard Cup into a Portkey to the Little Hangleton Graveyard. Harry and Cedric Diggory arrived at the cup at the same time, and having helped each other several times throughout the course of the Tournament, agreed to take the cup together and tie for first place. Upon touching the cup, the pair was transported to the resting place of the Riddle Family, the Little Hangleton Graveyard, where the Dark Lord was awaiting Harry with Peter Pettigrew. Pettigrew murdered Cedric using Voldemort's wand, then proceeded to concocted a potion using Harry's blood, Tom Riddle Sr.'s bones, and Pettigrew's own hand.
The Dark Lord, restored to physical form, briefly duelled Harry, who was forced to hide and dodge behind tombstones to avoid Voldemort's curses. Finally, Harry fired a Disarming Charm at Voldemort at the same moment Voldemort attempted a Killing Curse on Harry. The spells collided and formed a golden thread that connected the two wands. This rare effect, the Priori Incantatem, occurred due to the wands' "twin cores:" feathers from the same phoenix. Harry's courage overpowered Voldemort's destructive will, and his wand forced the Dark Lord's wand to regurgitate "echoes" of the spells it had previously cast, in reverse order. First came an "echo" of Cedric Diggory, followed by Frank Bryce, Bertha Jorkins, Harry's mother, Lily, and finally Harry's father, James Potter. They instructed Harry to break the connection when he was ready and to grab the Triwizard Cup to return to Hogwarts, as they would be able to momentarily hold Voldemort at bay. Cedric Diggory requested that Harry take his body back to Hogwarts, to his family, which Harry agreed to do in honour of his fallen classmate and fellow Champion. Harry broke the connection, and while the apparitions held Voldemort off, he was able to grab Cedric's body, summon the Triwizard Cup to him and escape from the Little Hangleton Graveyard.
Known buried people
- Tom Riddle Sr. (killed by Lord Voldemort)
- Thomas Riddle (killed by Lord Voldemort)
- Mary Riddle (killed by Lord Voldemort)
- Becca Ramsea (unknown death)
- Eddi Stoddy (unknown death)
- Charles Epanel (unknown death)
- Charles Pikal (unknown death)
- Gulray (unknown death)
- Rebecca R. (unknown death)
Behind the scenes
- According to production designer Stuart Craig, the inspriation for the graveyard was Highgate Cemetry in North London which had been reclaimed by nature.
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film), Wormtail trapped Harry in the arms of the Angel of Death statue while in the novel, Wormtail ties Harry to the Riddle Headstone with conjured cords.
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Mentioned as "graveyard")
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) (Appears in flashback(s))
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Appears in flashback(s))
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) (Flashback on Disc 2)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (Appears in flashback(s))
- Harry Potter:


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Radio music ripping
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2008)|
The term ripping (slang term for digital media extraction) can also apply to radio. New software, techniques and cloud services now makes it possible to extract the songs played on the radio and digitally save them on separate audio tracks. Available techniques make it possible to rip the music from Internet radio broadcasts, satellite radio broadcasts and FM radio broadcasts.
Ripping is more than simply recording the audio. The key aspect of ripping is disambiguation. When ripping songs from any source, the songs should be split into separate tracks or files, and the songs should be tagged. Otherwise, you are simply recording or dubbing the audio.
Internet radio
Popular audio formats for internet radio include AAC, AAC+, and MP3. Many AM/FM stations simulcast online use the more efficient AAC format while internet only stations more typically use MP3. The Shoutcast database featured 34,281 online radio stations covering almost every conceivable music genre.
Cloud recording services such as DAR.fm can record from all of these formats. Most PC based internet radio ripping software is built for Shoutcast-style of streams as this MP3 based protocol offers the widest selection of internet radio stations. Such wide selection of music is one of the major advantages for recording songs from internet radio compared to FM and satellite radio as well as the fact that it works with cloud services that do not require a separate audio receiver. The disadvantages may include fairly low audio quality in the saved mp3s, which varies from stream to stream.
To begin the recording process, the software connects to the audio stream over TCP. The stream is then buffered 15–30 seconds ahead. Some internet radio ripping software, utilize special metadata that is being broadcast along with actual song content. These programs are generally more successful in determining the boundaries of songs (providing for a cleaner mp3 cut) as well as correctly identifying the song in question. Such metadata, however, is available for only a subset of internet radio stations, commonly associated with the Shoutcast standard. The existence of open directories of Shoutcast-compliant radio stations such as Shoutcast enables internet radio rippers to provide an abundant selection of recordable radio stations that are reasonably expected to emit detailed song metadata. The metadata also helps avoiding commercials from being recorded along with the songs.
Satellite radio
TimeTrax has developed software that can record the audio broadcast on XM satellite radio. The software saves songs as individual MP3 files after identifying the name and the artist. TimeTrax is both a software and hardware solution: the TimeTrax software can interface with any PC-compatible satellite receiver, and the adapter box is necessary to allow certain receivers to interface with a PC.
The XM PCR was the first device to allow audio stream ripping from XM radio. The device itself is simple enough: an XM "can" (the actual receiver and decoding hardware) is enclosed in a box with a USB interface chip and audio connector. The PCR plugs into a PC USB port and line-in jack. TimeTrax, or some other similar software, then controls the radio and records the incoming audio. After a legal battle, the TimeTrax software is no longer being sold.
To end the problem for good, XM discontinued the XM PCR receiver. However, TimeTrax almost immediately released a hardware companion product that turned virtually any device capable of receiving XM satellite radio AND its primary competitor at the time, Sirius Satellite Radio. Timetrax went on to also include the ability to rip and tag music from the online music streaming services that were being provided by both XM and Sirius.
Notably, TimeTrax went on to extend its technology in a seamless package for FM radio, and further, any music source. It developed this portion of its technology hardware and software offering with Swedish company PopCatcher. TimeTrax was the first company that offered music ripping (aka audio disambiguation, ripping and tagging, de-aggregation) for the 3 largest and widespread music distribution methods: satellite radio, Internet streaming and traditional broadcast.
The original TimeTrax software was developed by Scott MacLean, a Canadian citizen. It went viral and a corporation and formal management team along with funding were brought in the form the enterprise around MacLean's discovery. The company was led by business executive Elliott Frutkin.
FM radio
There are three ways of ripping songs from an FM broadcast.
Radio Data System
Some FM receivers are capable of receiving a data stream known as Radio Data System or RDS. This provides artist and title information that can be shown on the display of a compatible FM receiver. A compatible receiver, connected to the computer, can tag saved audio streams with this data. The disadvantage of RDS is that the title may change before or after the song itself changes, causing the recording process to miss part of the beginning or end of the song.
In the near future RDS will include a new feature called RT+ or Radio Text Plus. As well as providing discrete text fields for Artist, Album & Track Title, RT+ includes 'item running' and 'item toggle' bits which can be used to accurately mark the track transitions and DJ/commercial interruptions, aiding the process of recording, filenaming and ID3 tagging.
Separating music from non-music
Swedish company PopCatcher has patented a technology that enables distinguishing between music, chatter and commercials. It is a self-learning process that first identifies the broadcasting habits of a given radio station. PopCatcher is designed to automatically exclude commercials and DJ patter from the recording, which results in "cleaner" audio files. The process is fully independent from the Internet. However, it does not recognize the names and the artists of the recorded songs.
Manual tagging
Certain recording packages allow you to set markers in the file, which you can use later to split the file into separate tracks. This process can be tedious and time consuming, but has the advantage of being the only truly reliable way to ensure that the song is captured as accurately as possible without cutting off the beginning or end of a track.
Legal issues
This expanding way of ripping music may lead to 'strong legal debates' in a near future, even if it is permitted to record music from the radio for private use in most countries. In Germany it is allowed. There even is a campaign to put focus on it. It's called TauschNix, which in essence stands for: no need to download via filesharing. See link below.
European context
The EU passed in May 2001 the Information Society Directive which has since then been transposed into the national laws of most of the Member States. Article 5 – 2/b of the directive states that "[Member States may provide for exceptions or limitations to the reproduction right provided for] in respect of reproductions on any medium made by a natural person for private use and for ends that are neither directly nor indirectly commercial, on condition that the rightholders receive fair compensation which takes account of the application or non-application of technological measures referred to in Article 6 [ie. Digital Rights Management ] to the work or subject-matter concerned".
In short, copying music from the radio for private use is permissible if the artists receive a "fair compensation". In case of a lawsuit against radio music ripping technologies, the whole debate will be about the meaning of the term "fair compensation". It can be argued that Radio stations are already paying a "fair compensation" to artists as they know their songs might be copied. Moreover, in an increasing number of EU member states, importers are charged a private copying levy on the purchase of recordable media (mp3 players, writable CDs or DVDs). The tax or levy is usually administrated by copyright collectives. However, at the time of digital copies, the outcome of such a lawsuit is far from being certain if it should occur.
UK context
Beginning in 1981, the British Phonographic Industry began a campaign against so-called "home taping", or recording songs from the radio onto cassettes, due to fears that home taping would decrease album sales. Iconic of the campaign is a picture of the silhouette of a cassette tape, with two crossed bones underneath, with the words "HOME TAPING IS KILLING MUSIC" written across the top, and the words "AND IT'S ILLEGAL" printed in smaller letters at the bottom.
US context
The doctrine of fair use should make it legal to record songs from the radio for private use.[original research?] Traditionally, the recording industry expressed little or no concern with individuals who recorded music from the radio on a cassette recorder. However, the digital format in this case changes the whole issue since it does not degrade over time and can be easily copied.
That PopCatcher has developed a technology that automatically removes commercials may lead to a legal case similar to ReplayTV's and SonicBlue's. In 2001 these DVR manufacturers had issued a Digital Video Recorder equipped with a Commercial Advance feature enabling the automatic removing of commercials from recorded programming. They were sued by 28 companies of the Entertainment Industry in the USA until they ran out of money to pay the expensive litigation. In 2003, they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The case itself has never been judged.
The Audio Home Recording Act also lays out certain legal rights on the part of consumers.
- "Shoutcast internet radio station database". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "DAR radio recording service". Retrieved Oct 27, 2011.
- "RadioGet internet radio recorder". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "RadioTracker internet radio recorder". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "StreamRipper Open Source Internet Radio Recorder".
- "Total Recorder internet radio recorder".


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Brief SummaryRead full entry
Introduction to the Genus IngaThe Genus Inga Mill. (1754) belongs to the Subfamily Mimosoideae tribe Ingeae Benth. (1875) and comprises near 300 species of trees with a strictly Neotropical distribution. Brazil harbors the greatest number of species (near 140 spp.), followed by Peru (92 spp.), Colombia (near 76+ spp.) and Ecuador (75 spp.) (Pennington, 1997). Due to its great number of species, the Genus Inga is subdivided into 14 Taxonomic Sections characterized by shared morphological attributes (Pennington, 1997).


Quality of Life Comparison
If you lived in Nicaragua instead of Bermuda, you would:
live 7.5 years less
In Bermuda, the average life expectancy is 82 years (78 years for men, 85 years for women) as of 2020. In Nicaragua, that number is 74 years (72 years for men, 77 years for women) as of 2020.
make 94.1% less money
Bermuda has a GDP per capita of $99,400 as of 2016, while in Nicaragua, the GDP per capita is $5,900 as of 2017.
be 2.7 times more likely to live below the poverty line
In Bermuda, 11.0% live below the poverty line as of 2008. In Nicaragua, however, that number is 29.6% as of 2015.
have 52.7% more children
In Bermuda, there are approximately 11.2 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020. In Nicaragua, there are 17.1 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020.
be 6.6 times more likely to die during infancy
In Bermuda, approximately 2.5 children die before they reach the age of one as of 2020. In Nicaragua, on the other hand, 16.5 children do as of 2020.
Basic Needs
be 18.2% less likely to have access to electricity
In Bermuda, approximately 100% of the population has electricity access as of 2016. In Nicaragua, 82% of the population do as of 2016.
be 71.6% less likely to have internet access
In Bermuda, approximately 98.0% of the population has internet access as of 2016. In Nicaragua, about 27.9% do as of 2018.
be 16.9% less likely to have access to improved drinking water
In Bermuda, approximately 100% of people have improved drinking water access as of 2017. In Nicaragua, 83% of people do as of 2017.
spend 2.9 times more on education
Bermuda spends 1.5% of its total GDP on education as of 2017. Nicaragua spends 4.3% of total GDP on education as of 2017.
see 8.8 times more coastline
Bermuda has a total of 103 km of coastline. In Nicaragua, that number is 910 km.
Nicaragua: At a glance
How big is Nicaragua compared to Bermuda? See an in-depth size comparison.
Join the Elsewhere community and ask a question about Nicaragua. It's a free, question-and-answer based forum to discuss what life is like in countries and cities around the world.
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Complete the sentences below using the given word so that the new sentence has the same meaning as the original sentence
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use the number of words shown in parenthesis, including the word given.
It's not worth inviting her to the party
point (4 words)
There is no point in inviting her to the party


How to lock down an iPhone
A how-to on adding strong restrictions to an iPhone running iOS 11.x
In this post, I will walk through the steps I take to effectively lock down an iPhone running iOS 11.x. This is a process to limit an iPhone's functionality to only what is absolutely necessary. This does not turn a smartphone into a dumbphone.
A note about safety
The end goal is to make the phone safer. This is accomplished through two primary methods: Restriction of the phone's capabilities to only what is needed and accountability. Like all things in recovery, these steps are only valuable if the owner of the device already has a desire to stop their behavior and a willingness to be honest with accountability. There are no restrictions that can effectively prevent a man from accessing pornography.
Nothing can fully prevent access to pornographic material. As with all things, locking down a smartphone is just another tool. If the tool does not work, then I must find another. If I am in such a state that I will simply find a way around the restrictions, then I probably do not need to have a smartphone at all. In such circumstances, I recommend purchasing a dumbphone (one without internet access).
Finally, I often get requests to make a phone "safe". This is normally a question phrased in the following manner: "How can I have access to everything I want, like podcasts, news stations, and social media but keep everything else locked down?". I have found that such half-measures are useless. Either the phone is locked down, or it is not. If it is not, then my reliance is on boundaries and accountability rather than restrictions. This is not the point of "locking down" a phone. If my boundaries are not working, then it is my responsibility to look at what I need to change.
Step 0: Preparation
Identify needs
In preparation, thoroughly identify all the needed Websites and Apps. In addition, determine which accountability browser (if any) will be used. I recommend Covenant Eyes, but there are other options.
As a rule of thumb: if I can function properly without the specific app, then I do not need it. The more apps and features left on the phone, the less locked down it is. Remember, there are no half measures.
As an example, I have yet to see a game that is a need.
Establish Accountability
Determine who will have the restriction passcode and who will receive the accountability reports. This person also needs to be someone that the owner can regularly interact with. If there is a need to adjust something (change an allowed website, download a new app, etc.), this is the person that will be contacted.
Note: I strongly encourage spouses to NOT play the role of accountability partner. It is vital that a trustworthy third party willing to play the role of strict accountability be the primary handler of accountability for the husband's recovery.
Locking down the phone
Having prepared, take the following steps to fully lock down the iPhone.
Step 1. Make sure the phone is fully up-to-date.
Go to: Settings -> General -> Software Update and verify that the software is up to date. If not, update the software.
Step 2. Install Needed Apps
Install all the needed apps.
If navigational maps are needed, I recommend using Waze as it does not show promotional photos of locations (unlike Google Maps and Apple Maps) but is still a well-supported navigation application.
If a browser is needed, I recommend using Covenant Eyes, a subscription-based accountability software. It not only provides a safe browser, but also creates a VPN that tracks all outgoing network connections for the phone, making it easier to be accountable for other app usage.
Step 3. Setup Restrictions
Go to: Settings -> General -> Restrictions and click "Enable Restrictions". You will be prompted for a passcode.
I recommend using a Restrictions passcode that is not your standard 4-digit passcode. In case the individual moves, I can provide their next accountability partner the passcode without compromising any of my personal devices. It is also a good idea to save the passcode somewhere secure, so it is not forgotten.
Step 3a. Disable "Allow" Settings
Under the "Allow" heading, disable the following apps:
 - Safari
 - Siri and Dictation
 - FaceTime
 - iTunes Store
 - Music Profiles & Posts
 - iBooks Store
 - Podcasts
 - Installing Apps
 - In-App Purchases
Step 3b. Disable "Allowed Content" Settings
Under "Allowed Content" heading, disable the following settings:
 - Music, Podcasts, News & iTunes U
 - Movies
 - TV Shows
 - Books
 - Siri
Step 3c. Disable "Allowed Content" Websites
Set the Allowed Websites to "Specific Websites Only" and delete all the default websites by swiping left and tapping "delete". Then add all the specific websites already defined or leave the list empty.
These restrictions will apply to all in-app browsers and third-party browsers.
Step 3d. Disable "Game Center" Settings
At the bottom of the restrictions, under the "Game Center" heading, disable the following sections:
 - Multiplayer Games
 - Adding Friends
 - Screen Recording
Step 4. Delete Unused Apps
Having setup restrictions, many of the built-in apps will be disabled, but others need to be directly deleted.
Delete EVERYTHING that is not needed, normally this includes:
 - Podcasts
 - Music
 - iTunes U
 - Garage Band
 - iTunes Store
 - Stocks
 - iMovie
 - Maps (contains image search capability)
If in doubt, delete it. Remember, the goal is that the phone only has what is needed at the end of this process.
Note: These can all be reinstalled at a later time if desired.
I want to emphasize, the goal of locking down a phone is to make it a safe tool. It does not prevent access to inappropriate material, it merely makes it more difficult to do so. A determined mind will always find a way. This is only beneficial to the man seeking a heightened level of accountability and safety in regard to his smartphone. These steps mean nothing outside of a willingness to do the difficult work of recovery at the same time. Without dealing with the core issues, I will not change.
Did this work for you? Did it help? Did I miss anything? Please let us know by sending us a message.
Written by: Samuel Beecher (4/21/2018)


From Active Volcanoes to Orangutans, this place is Narnia of Asia
Photo of From Active Volcanoes to Orangutans, this place is Narnia of Asia by Travel Beings
When you talk about visiting Indonesia, the first place you think of is Bali. But there is so much more to Indonesia than just Bali. Sumatara is one such location, showcases the untouched beauty of this country, away from the maddening crowd.
This sixth largest island in the world is full of deserted beaches, active volcanoes and dense forest. Apart from this assortment of landscapes, there is rich wildlife presence on this island including some critically endangered species like orangutan and the Sumatran tiger.
Why travel to Sumatra
The natural setting of Sumatara makes it a perfect destination for adventure travellers, you can witness active volcanos, go for trekking in forest or climb waterfalls. Here is a list of top things to do and top places you should visit in Sumatra.
Jungle Trekking in Bukittinggi
Located in west Sumatra this places if filled with mountains, valleys, rice fields, caves, rivers and deep dense forest. You can decide upon the number of days you would want to spend in the forest with your guide, he can plan a trip according to you. You can include visiting the villages, Japanese World War 2 caves, waterfalls and wildlife hotspots.
Lake Toba
Formed because of a volcanic explosion around 70,000 years ago, this 500 metre deep lake is still warm because of the underground volcanic activity. You must take a swim in this lake while in Sumatra. Also there is an island within the lake, so you will also visit an island within the island.
Gunung Leuser National Park
Having one of the most diverse ecosystem in the world, this UNESCO world heritage park is home to a lot of species of monkeys including the endangered 0rangutans. It is also the only location in the world where the oranhgutans live freely. You can also find elephants and rhinos in this national park.
Mount Sibyak
It is an active volcano you can actually visit. Not that you are going to see lava flowing out of it but there will be plenty of vents exhaling out sulphur steam and boiling mud everywhere. While the rest of Sumatra remains hot and humid you can actually experience cold at the top of the volcanic peak. Also, there is hot spring close to the peak, you can take a dip in it after the trek to relax.
Cuisine on offer
Sumatra has a lot of Padang food which constitutes mainly of coconut milk, spicy chili and steamed rice. You will find a lot of sea food and local fruit dishes, also Sambaul is one of the main curry you will find every. One speciality of Sumatra that you must try is Spicy Beef Rendang.
Indians don't need a visa to visit Indonesia, so you just won't have that hassle in your life while planning this trip.
When to go
Although Sumatra have a tropical weather but the best time is to visit from May to September, the weather is sunny and chances of rain are very less.
Getting there
There is no direct flights from Delhi to Sumatra. So here's how you can go:
By air: You can get a flight to Kualalampur from Delhi and from there you will have plenty of options to fly to Medan, Sumatra. A roundtrip from Delhi to Medan will cost you around ₹33,000.
Getting around
The best way to travel in Sumatra is by Angkots(shared taxi) and buses
Flight from New Delhi to Athens: Starts at ₹16,000
Hotel stay, per night: ₹5,000 (IDR _PHONE_)
A budget meal: ₹120 (IDR 24500)
A fancy meal: ₹490 (IDR 1,00,000)
There are lot of options to stay in Sumatara, randing from luxury hotels to budget stays.
If you are looking for cheap accommodation you should look for guesthouses, there are a lot of options to stay around ₹1000. Some most popular stay options in in this range are Freddies Santai Sumurtiga, which will cost you around ₹1700 (IDR3,50,000) per night. Thomas' Retreat Bukit Lawang is another porperty you should go for, it will cost you around ₹484 (IDR99,500) per night.
For luxury travellers, Novotel Pekanbaru is an excellent options that offer comfortable stay in Sumatra. It will cost you around ₹3,250 (IDR6,67,516) per night.
Have you stayed been to Sumatra, share your unique experience here.
Also, check out Tripoto's YouTube channel for some amazing travel videos and inspiration!


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South Carolina – Indians, Native Americans – Yuchi
South Carolina SC Native Americans SC Indian Tribes SC Yuchi Indians
- Alternate spellings: Hogologe, Uchee
- Possible meanings: "From far away"
- Language family: Yuchi - Uchean
- Active - officially recognized as members of the Muscogee Nation, but otherwise maintain their own tribal culture
SC Location, Territory
- Traditional: Primarily Eastern Tennessee and Georgia, but a few Yuchi bands lived in South Carolina along the Savannah River from approximately 1661 to 1751.
- Today: Oklahoma, especially in the communities of Sapulpa, Bristow, and Kellyville. Columbus College in Columbus, Georgia, as well as the Chattahoochie Indian Heritage Association, sponsor annual Yuchi homecomings near their old village sites in that area. Yuchi participants include shell shakers, language speakers, and stomp dance leaders.
- Small bands of Yuchi moved into South Carolina in 1661, living along the Savannah River.
- The Yuchi fought with the Yemassee and other tribes against white settlers in the Yemassee War of 1715.
- Left South Carolina and moved west to join the Creeks in 1751.
- Homes: Stuctures covered with bark, clay, or woven mats
- Villages: Built along streams; homes were grouped around a central square where ceremonies and social gatherings took place
- Farming: Primarily corn
- Fishing: Freshwater fish sometimes caught by poisoning streams to stun fish
- Hunting: Deer, other small game hunted using blow guns, bows and arrows, and dogs
Beliefs and Practices
- The Yuchi traditionally associate the sun with their tribal origin accounts.
- Like many tribes of the Southeast, they held a yearly corn harvest ceremony. Their Green Corn ceremonies continue to be held to this day. In Oklahoma there are three ceremonial grounds: Kellyville, Iron Post, and Duck Creek. Of the three, Kellyville is considered to be pure Yuchi. The other two, while Yuchi in name, nevertheless have strong Creek components as well.
- Infants, believed to be connected to the creator spirit for some time after birth, were not named until they were four or five days old.
Related Yuchi Indian Resources
- Special thanks to Gary White Deer of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma for his help with this page.
- Milling, Chapman J. Red Carolinians, second edition. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1969, pp. 179-87.
- Leitch, Barbara A Concise Dictionary of Indian Tribes of North America. Algonac, MI: Reference Publications, 1979, pp. 536-38.
- Swanton, John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Instition Press, 1984, pp. 103-4.


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Definition of obelisk:
Google Ngram Viewer results for obelisk:
This graph shows how "obelisk" have occurred between 1800 and 2008 in a corpus of English books.
Examples of usage for obelisk:
The residence of the governor of the district, the courts of law, and the citadel are within the Kremlin, where there is also a fine monument in the form of an obelisk eighty feet high, erected to the memory of Mininn and Pojarski, the two patriots who liberated their country from the Poles in 1612. This Kremlin, like that at Moscow, is situated on an elevation overlooking the town and the broad valley of the Volga. "Due North or Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia", Maturin M. Ballou.
- How to spell obelisk?
- Correct spelling of obelisk.
- Spell check obelisk.
- How do u spell obelisk?


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Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery is a risk factor for filtration failure of subsequent trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery and to determine the role of adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) in the secondary glaucoma triple procedure (SGTP) as compared to primary glaucoma triple procedure (PGTP).
Design: A prospective, controlled study that was randomized with respect to assignment to adjunctive MMC and a case-control design with respect to comparisons between SGTP and PGTP was studied.
Participants: The SGTP group consisted of 49 eyes of 49 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with a history of glaucoma filtration surgery requiring glaucoma medical therapy and in need of cataract surgery, randomized to adjunctive MMC (SGTP MMC subgroup of 21 eyes) and no adjunctive MMC (SGTP control subgroup of 28 eyes). The PGTP group consisted of 49 PGTP cases closely matched to the SGTP cases with respect to age, race, gender, MMC use, C:D ratio, and systemic diseases.
Intervention: Trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification and a small incision (5 x 6 mm), all polymethylmethacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with or without adjunctive MMC (0.5 mg/ml for 1 minute), was performed.
Main outcome measures: Surgery failure was defined as the need of an additional intraocular procedure or the need of more than one medication to achieve intraocular pressure control to the target level. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were made with respect to filtration outcome among the SGTP and PGTP patients.
Results: Without adjunctive MMC, filtration success was significantly less in SGTP than in PGTP (P = 0.03). Adjunctive MMC significantly increased the success rate of SGTP (P = 0.02) but not that of PGTP (P = 0.89) over the average follow-up period of 2 years.
Conclusions: Previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery is a significant risk factor for the filtration failure of combined surgery. Intraoperative use of adjunctive MMC significantly improves the filtration success rate of SGTP.


Nepali Government Should Allow Eligible Diaspora Members To Obtain NRN Citizenship: Ambika P. Adhikari
Ambika P. Adhikari, DDes., who is a Principal Planner at City of Tempe, AZ, USA heading its long-range planning division, is a well known name in Nepalese Diaspora. Obtained Doctorate in Urban Planning and Design from Harvard University, and Master of Architecture from University of Hawaii, he is a Sr. Sustainability Scientist, a frequent Faculty Associate, and was a former Program Manager, and a former Research Professor at Arizona State University (ASU). In Nepal, he was Associate Professor at Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, and Country Representative of IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature). He is a Fellow of American Society of Nepalese Engineers (ASNEngr), a Member of American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP), LEED Accredited Professional and has a certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP). Dr. Adhikari, who has authored one, and co-edited five books related to planning, environment and development. He is active in many Nepali community organizations in North America, spoke to New Spotlight.
Aug. 13, 2019, 9:03 a.m.
Since you have been travelling different parts of the world, how do you see the presence of Nepalese Diasporas?
The total number of Nepalis abroad in 2019 estimated to be around 4-5 million. Most are temporary migrants working in several countries including in the Middle-East, Malaysia, Korea, Cyprus, and Japan.
In the past several decades, many are permanently settled, or intend to settle in Western Europe, North America, Oceania. In addition, the number of Nepalis permanently settled in countries such as Japan, Singapore, Korea and Hong Kong is small but is growing. There are also significant number of Nepalis who live in Burma and Thailand, and a smaller number in countries like Fiji, Singapore and Malaysia for a long time.
My estimate for the number of this permanently settled group in foreign lands is about 1.3 million. In the real sense, this group can be called Nepali diaspora. Out of this, about 850,000, live in the Western Worldand other developed countries.
The above number does not include Nepalis living in India and Bhutan. For Nepal, I think it is a positive trend as the diaspora is a resource for the country.
How can the diaspora contribute to Nepal's development?
The temporary migrant group working abroad for a defined period of time, sends money as remittance to Nepal. Remittance is a critical component of Nepal's national income and in 2019, accounts for almost 30 percent of the size of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The remittance amount also includes the money sent by Nepalis living in developed countries such as US, Australia and Canada and from Europe. Contrary to popular belief, a recent report shows that USA sends the largest amount of remittance to Nepal. This is due to the high income of workers and professionals who live in the US.
Monetary flow is an important contribution the diaspora members makes to Nepal. However, a more important contribution the diaspora members living in the developed world can make to Nepal is through sharing their skills, knowledge and experience related to technology, management and administration.
Since the establishment of Non-Residential Nepalese Association (NRNA), Nepalese Diaspora living in different parts of world hasan organized voice. How has the NRNA contributed to defend rights of the Nepalese Diaspora?
The Non-resident Nepali Association (NRNA) was established in 2003 with several objectives including the protection of the interests and rights of the diaspora, creation a network of the diaspora members globally, facilitating collective investments in Nepal, and promoting the transfer of skills and knowledge of the diaspora members towards the development of science and technology in Nepal.
NRNA has worked hard in lobbying for the NRN citizenship, which was finally enshrined in the Nepali constitution of 2015. NRNA was also active in working with the Government of Nepal (GoN) in creating the provisions of the NRN and Person of Nepali Origin (PNO) card for the benefit of the NRNs. The NRN and PNO cards bestow several privileges to the card holders related to travel, living, working and owning of property in Nepal. These cards also help NRNs to travel to Nepal more frequently, invest there and help enhance the business activities in Nepal.
NRNA has also focused in helping Nepal through investment, knowledge and technology transfer, tourism promotion and several other means. NRNA regularly forms various task forces to support programs in Nepal that include tourism promotion, investment, technology transfer and export promotion for Nepal.
How have the Nepalese leaving in different parts of the world been contributing to Nepal?
The major areas where the NRNs have been helping Nepal include: financial investments, knowledge, technology and skill exchange and transfer, tourism promotion, supporting education programs, sending remittances, creating connections between Nepali and foreign business and organizations and lobbying for Nepali interests.
The diaspora group themselves are also important tourists in Nepal, who travel to many parts of Nepal and spend a significant amount of money each year in Nepal. They also promote Nepali tourism by posting images of their travel in Nepal in social media and popularizing the destination. This is a free, effective and targeted publicity for tourism in Nepal.
The bi-annual Global NRNA Convention in Nepal itself is a big event bringing some 1,500-2,000 guests to Nepal. The participantsspend a large sumof money while in Nepal for hotel, food, transport, shopping and tourism.
As another example, many diaspora members working in academic institutions in the developed countries have helped to forge important formal relationship between their institution inforeign country and Nepali universities.
An example of the initiative taken by the NRNS is the Nepal Open University, which was established in Nepal in 2016. A group of NRN academic leaders from Canada, USA, Australia and other countries spent more than seven years to make the establishmentof the NOU possible. They wrote the initial scheme for the university, drafted parliamentary bills, worked with the Nepali lawmakers, and political and academic leaders, worked with several foreign universities, and also mobilized initialfunding to create the platform for the university. It was unfortunate that while appointing the leadership in the university, the Government of Nepal did not appreciate the contribution of the diaspora members.
Nepal has been talking about the need to utilize the talent and resources of non-residential Nepalis. What steps has the Nepal government taken?
The Government of Nepal (GoN) has been a solid partner of the NRNA on many fronts. GoN and NRNA collaborate to hold the bi-annual Global Convention in Kathmandu. In addition, since 2018, the NRNA and GoN are also partnering hold a bi-annual global Knowledge Convention in Kathmandu, where hundreds of top diaspora experts from across the world converge in Kathmandu. The experts present new ideas, research findings and recommend appropriate policies for science, technology, energy and other areas that can work in Nepal. The 2018 Knowledge Convention in Kathmandu was a big success culminating in a paper that recommended several crucial policies to advance science and technology education and practice in Nepal.
More recently, the Nepali government has initiated a program "Brain Gain Center" to create an up to date and real time on-line repository of diaspora resources by professional and academic fields. The government of Nepal has also created useful regulations related to the Non-resident Nepalis, and supported Nepalis in need in the Gulf countries.
New constitution of Nepal recognizes the importance of NRN allowing them to hold dual citizenship. Has any Nepali secured dual citizenship?
Although the provision of NRN citizenship has been protected in Nepal's Constitution 2015, the laws regarding the obtaining of the NRN Citizenship are still being developed in Nepal. This has been a source of frustration to the diaspora groups as the NRNA citizenship has been one of the primary objectives of NRNA right from the start.
The Nepali government should expedite the creation of legal provisions to allow eligible diaspora members to obtain NRN citizenship. NRNA has provided several useful suggestions to the Nepali government in this regard.
You yourself as well-known urban planner worked in different capacities in international organizations. Has Nepal government ever consulted you for any advicerelated to urban planning?
I work in the field of urban planning, design, environment, clean energy policies and economic development. Several years ago, I went back to Nepal and worked there for about five yearsfocusing on the environment, nature conservation and urban planning. Since I settled in the US more than one and half decades ago, I have been to Nepal several times organizing trainings in clean energy, and environmental protection. I have also done informal advising to interested groups on urban planning issues. Some local governments have also approached me for advice related to urban planning. As I prepare towards retirement, I expect to be more actively involved in helping Nepal in the field of urban planning, environmental management and community and economic development.
What are the problems Nepalese Diaspora have been facing?
Although not technically defined as diaspora, the temporary migrant workers in the Gulf, Malaysia, Korea and similar countries face several serious problems. They are paid low wages; their labor rights are marginal, and their safety and protection at work is often compromised. This is an area where the GoN, and NRNA and other diaspora groups need to work harder and provide more help and support to the NRNs there.
The diaspora groups


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Word Origin & History
O.E. rap, from P.Gmc. *raipaz (cf. O.N. reip, M.Du., Du. reep "rope," Goth. skauda-raip "shoe-lace," O.H.G., Ger. reif "ring, hoop"). Technically, only cordage above one inch in circumference and below 10 (bigger-around than that is a cable). Nautical use varies. Finnish raippa "hoop, rope, twig" is
a Gmc. loan-word. The verb is attested from c.1300. To know the ropes (1840) is originally a seaman's term. Phrase on the ropes "defeated" is attested from 1924, a fig. extension from boxing. To be at the end of (one's) rope "out of resources and options" is first attested 1686. Formerly also in many slang and extended uses related to hanging, e.g. John Roper's window "a noose," rope-ripe "deserving to be hanged," both 16c.


Datastream with Redshift
A guide to loading Datastream data from your S3 bucket into an Amazon Redshift cluster for querying.
To get started on this tutorial, you'll need:
 - A working datastream feed delivering to your S3 bucket. You'll want the name of this bucket and access credentials handy.
 - A Redshift cluster and credentials for a user with sufficient permissions
On Disk vs Spectrum
To query Datastream data in Redshift, data needs to be made accessible, either by loading the data to disk in Redshift or by creating an external table pointing to your S3 bucket and querying the data via Redshift Spectrum. An overview of the tradeoffs between these two designs is below:
Data loaded to Redshift disk
Data queried via Redshift Spectrum
Price per TB of data
Very low
High, depends on cluster design
Performance tuning
Performance of queries can be improved by tuning cluster size, table properties
Less direct control over performance
Querying through multiple systems
Data must be loaded into each system
Data in S3 can by queried by other systems
Rows can be deleted or updated through Redshift
Data in S3 cannot be edited through SQL commands
JSON field support
Limited JSON functionality in Redshift
Improve JSON functionality
Note: Most users of Datastream will want to start by storing data in Redshift directly and consider migrating to Spectrum if data reaches a scale where costs are a concern.
Storing data on disk in Redshift
Step 1: Table creation
Start by creating a table on your Redshift cluster. We recommend the following CTA statement:
CREATE TABLE example_table (
Distribution VARCHAR(8),
Last_ping_timestamp TIMESTAMP,
Host VARCHAR(32),
Cookie_id VARCHAR(32),
Page_session_id VARCHAR(32),
Domain VARCHAR(64),
Path VARCHAR(1024),
New_user BOOLEAN,
Device VARCHAR(16),
Engaged_time_on_page_seconds INT,
Page_width REAL,
Page_height REAL,
Max_scroll_position_top REAL,
Window_height REAL,
External_referrer VARCHAR(64),
No_client_storage BOOLEAN,
City_name VARCHAR(64),
Region_name VARCHAR(32),
Country_code VARCHAR(2),
Country_name VARCHAR(32),
Continent_name VARCHAR(16),
Dma_code INT,
Utc_offset_minutes INT,
User_agent VARCHAR(256),
Recency INT,
Frequency INT,
Internal_referrer VARCHAR(1024),
Author VARCHAR(128),
Section VARCHAR(128),
Content_type VARCHAR(32),
Sponsor VARCHAR(32),
Utm_campaign VARCHAR(32),
Utm_medium VARCHAR(32),
Utm_source VARCHAR(32),
Utm_content VARCHAR(32),
Utm_term VARCHAR(32),
Account_id VARCHAR(32),
Page_title VARCHAR(256),
Virtual_page BOOLEAN,
Scrolldepth INT,
Total_time_on_page_seconds INT,
Ga_client_id VARCHAR(32),
Login_id VARCHAR(32),
Id_sync VARCHAR(32),
Subscriber_acct VARCHAR(32),
Page_load_time INT,
As shown above, we recommend selecting cookie_id as the table's distribution key. This field is a unique per-user ID. Distributing on it ensures that data is distributed roughly uniformly across Redshift slices while also generating performance improvements for queries looking at data per-user, which are common for Datastream users.
For example, calculating unique visitors via COUNT(DISTINCT(cookie_id)) will be significantly more performant using this distribution style. Alternatively, we recommend leaving the default distribution style in place.
Since most queries for traffic data contain a time filter, we strongly recommend choosing a sort key of last_ping_timestamp. We strongly recommend that compression encodings not be specified and instead be set automatically by the COPY command.
Step 2: Loading
Data should be loaded into Redshift via the COPY command. It can either be loaded in 30 minute batches or, if needed, on a per-file basis.
Datastream delivers data to folders partitioned into 30 minute chunks, for example all files written between 7:00am and 7:29:59am on August 12, 2020 will be written to the folders3://yourbucket/2020/08/12/07/00/
Given that, the simplest way to load data into Redshift is to issue COPYstatements copying an entire 30 minutes of data into the cluster, for example:
FROM 's3://yourbucket/YYYY/MM/DD/HH/MM/
TIMEFORMAT 'epochsecs'
Important notes:
 - {AUTHORIZATION} should be specified using the appropriate authorization parameters, as described in the Redshift documentation here.
 - The above query must be run once a given half-hour has completed. For example, a COPY of the 7:00am folder can only be executed at 7:30am or later. Failure to do so will result in data written after the COPY command is run being skipped.
 - Redshift does not provide functionality to avoid duplicate imports or to retry failed imports (for example, if the cluster is unavailable when a COPY is issued). The calling function should ensure that COPY statements are executed exactly once for each folder.
Step 2b: Loading data via Lambda
While batch loading is easy operationally, it introduces up to 30 minutes of lag between data delivery and input because one must wait for a folder's time window to be up before executing a COPY. If faster imports are needed, we recommend following the AWS instructions to create a function in Lambda that immediately copies over files upon their delivery to S3.
To ensure that data is delivered in real-time, Datastream guarantees that a record of each pageview is delivered to S3 at least once. While duplicates are rare, they can occur, so for the purposes of accuracy we recommend an additional deduplication step after each COPY statement. In the below deduplication statement we look back for duplicated records for a two hour window and always keep the more recent row:
Cookie_id, page_session_id, MAX(row_id) AS ri_to_keep
Last_ping_timestamp >=GETDATE() - TIMEDELTA '2 hours'
Cookie_id, page_session_id
COUNT(1) > 1
) AS duplicates
EXAMPLE_TABLE.Last_ping_timestamp>=GETDATE() - TIMEDELTA '2 hours'
EXAMPLE_TABLE.row_id!= duplicates.ri_to_keep;


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Pick A Cause
Why: To help find a cure for the world's most lethal disease.
Why: To bring a sustainable food source to those in dire need.
Why: To provide urgently needed treatment and care for people living with HIV/AIDS.
Why: To provide clean drinking water to the 800 million people who do not have this basic resource.
Why: To detect breast cancer in the early stages.
Why: To support greater education opportunities for all.
Why: To provide urgent disaster relief to the Philippines in response to Typhoon Haiyan.
Why: To ensure that all animals are cared for and treated humanely.
Why: To provide people with a safer living condition while preserving the environment.


text:
CHORIORETINAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES - Noninfectious Causes
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare condition of unknown etiology that typically manifests itself by asymmetrical visual field loss, persistent photopsia projected in the visual loss zone, acuity reduction and often, with widespread photoreceptor dysfunction on the electroretinogram (ERG).
This disease affects young to middle aged patients, and woman are more affected that men. Some patients have antecedent viral-like illness.
In the majority of patients, the retina recovers over a period of one to three years, but in some cases, permanent vision impairment may occur.


wage-n; 3 Senses
Sense Number 1: regular compensation in exchange for labor
Commentary: WAGE[+amount][+payment][+compensation][+regular]
The foreman pays the construction workers their wages on Friday afternoon.
The government ordered a wage freeze for three months.
Mary listed her wages, tips and interest earned on her tax return.
The pilots union received a wage concession of 5 percent from the airline.
The students marched in support of a living wage for the custodial staff at their university.
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1
Sense Number 2: the share of the total GNP that is earned income
Commentary: WAGES[+proportion][+GNP][+income][+earned]
NOTE: always in the plural
Wages and unearned income both increased this quarter according to economists.
Reports for wages and orders for durable goods will come out next week.
WordNet 0.0 Sense Numbers: 1b
Sense Number 3: the reward or consequence for something
Commentary: WAGE[+state][+consequence][+reward]
NOTE: a metaphoric extension of sense 1
The wages of sin is death.
WordNet 0.0 Sense Numbers: 2