German Winter Lore—Brownies
I am digging up old blogposts from when I was writing to improve my English. I was curious to see how my English has changed. Besides I thought the long winter nights are a good time to retell some of these stories.
German Lore: Brownies
'twas the times before even dial up modems!
When I was a teenager, I became really interested in exploring where family (and local) traditions and superstitions came from. Luckily with a historian mum and a well-stocked library at home, there were plenty of resources available. There was a whole set of old 'historical society' magazines from the the early 1920s where I found a small reference to Kuppelchen (Unfortunately this was before I learned how to reference)
The Kuppelchen
The Kuppelchen or Kupelchen seems to be a Saxonian dialect derivative from the word Kumpel, which means pal. The Kuppelchen is a house spirit (a puck or brownie)—not entirely sure which classification would be the most appropriate.
A Kuppelchen very much reflects the character of the inhabitants of the house it lives in, so it can be mean-spirited and evil, or caring and nice. If you have a Kuppelchen you leave a little bit of food over after dinner, or never entirely finish your drink. The lore goes that if you are a good person the Kuppelchen will protect your home from burglary and fires. However, if you are a mean bean grump-machine the Kuppelchen will cause you all sorts of serious trouble.
I was told that the farmer's wives, when making the rounds from farm to farm, during feather stripping season would tell tales and determine if there was a Kuppelchen in someone's house. Abilities such as second sight, and healing hands would usually mean you were likely to have a Kuppelchen. Apparently, Kuppelchen, if they like you will also move house if you move.
Now the all-important question is: How do you know you have a Kuppelchen? So the lore goes: if you regularly 'lose' objects although you exactly remember that you placed them in their usual place, and went searching high and low, only to find it exactly where you left it; that's a sign of a Kuppelchen. Are things going bump? Not necessarily at night, and preferably in the kitchen. Are things falling over, or toppling down, without nosy cats being the culprits? Are small things moving about (without draft, or any other logical reason)? Then you just might have a Kuppelchen, according to Saxon lore.
I have some family examples:
The Student Dorm Disappearance Paradox
Roomie and me made midnight pasta, as so often when assignments were due or exams to be sat. Before calling it a night we brought all the dishes and cutlery to the kitchen, including our big sauce ladle. The next morning the ladle was gone, we searched for it everywhere—and this is important, we searched our whole room, under beds, desks etc thinking it had fallen down. But the ladle was lost, we could not find it anywhere. Three weeks later, I vacuumed under the bed as usual, and bumped into something. The ladle was right there, peaking out from under the bed. And it was all clean and shiny! No, we checked it was not a joke from another flatmate. Secondly, no one could have accessed our room while we were out. Besides, neither of them where practical jokers, or had any sense of humour we would know off.
The Right in Front of you Paradox 01
I have to run to school and am looking for a paper I have to hand in. I cannot find it, despite having it placed on top of the pile the night before to make sure I won't forget. I am searching for about 20 minutes, went through the pile 5 times, it was not there. I was stressing out and running late. Close to tears I sat on my bed saying out lout, I really, really need this paper. I go to the desk intending to sort through the pile one more time, the paper is right on top.
The Right in Front of you Paradox 02
Mum's car keys are not in the key basket, she is tired and exhausted and has to leave. So she sits down perplexed as what to do next. Mind you this was after granny and her sorted this key basket (which has no more than 5 keys in it to begin with) several times together. Then each on their own, while the other one was running around trying to find the keys elsewhere. After her exhausted sit-down mum decides to try again and the keys were in the basket, innocently as if they had waited for her all along.
The Scottish Spooky House Paradox
A friend and I met up in a B&B on the Outer Hebrides, the B&B must have had some very active Kuppelchen. When we came up the landing my room was to the left and my friend's room to the right, in the middle between the both rooms was a small bathroom. No one could have come up without us realizing it. While I took a shower, my friend unpacked his stuff. He had his room door open, no one came up. When we went into my room (which was the bigger one) to have our dinner, the knives all had fallen off the tray and lay in the middle of the room on the floor. Mind you several meters away from the tray, too far to simply have dropped down. Also the tray had a lip so the knives could not just have slid off. There were no cats in the house, either.
My friend became really spooked, while I thought it was funny. Kuppelchen have the reputation of being cheeky and they like to play tricks—never anything serious (if you are a good person). After he had his shower, he came out really angry with me, asking me what I did do this for. 'Did what?' I asked. He said that while he was showering someone was constantly opening and closing the bathroom door. Which I had not heard, because I was rummaging in my room unpacking. He got so freaked out that he left the light on sleeping. Mind you the weirdest is yet to come. During the night there were strange noises, which I was still not concerned about, because I thought these were seagulls on the roof or mice or something. After all we were in the country side and I grew up on a farm so I am used to noises and wee gritters bobbing about. I just fell asleep.
Yet, my friend spend the rest of the night wide awake, and when we went to breakfast the owner of the B&B asked us expectantly, if something had disturbed us during the night. My friend looked at me questioningly but I said innocently: No. Upon which she looked at us astounded asking: Really, are you sure that no one disturbed you? – That was the point I got suspicious. No one?
Kuppelchen tend to be what we call Schlawiner (little rascals), whilst they love to hide things and play little tricks; these tricks are never mean (as long as you are not mean either).


text:
Environmental Impact Analysis Process, Environmental Assessment Space Test Experiments Platform Mission 1, Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA
PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCES INC PASADENA CA
Pagination or Media Count:
Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act NEPA of 1969, the Council on Environmental Quality regulations implementing the Act 40 CFR Parts _PHONE_, DOD Directive 6050.1, Air Force Regulation 19-2, which implements these regulations in the Environmental Impact Analysis Process EIAP, and other applicable Federal and local regulations, the USAF has conducted and assessment of the potential environmental consequences of the proposed implementation of the Space Test Experiments Platform Mission 1 STEP Ml Program and alternatives. The DOD STP proposes to launch the STEP M1 spacecraft from Vandenberg Air Force Base VAFB, California. STP is procuring a space vehicle based on an adaptable spacecraft bus to support numerous STP experiments. The overall goal of the STEP program is to support DOD in obtaining vitally needed scientific data about space and the earths environment by creating low-cost, lightweight, standardized satellites for science payloads. The payload for this first mission of STEP consists of four DOD experiments, each designed to research different facets of the atmosphere. Once analyzed, this data will promote technological advances in high frequency communications, atmospheric modeling for aircraft and spacecraft, and provide possible insight into the prediction of geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes. The space launch vehicle planned to launch the STEP Ml is the Air Force Small Launch Vehicle AFSLV, known commercially as the Pegasus XL. The standard Pegasus launch vehicle and associated activities for placing the satellites in orbit have been evaluated in the AFSLV Environmental Assessment EA May 1991 and the Pegasus EA October 1989. The launch vehicle processing and integration facilities Building 1555 and Hot Pad Loading Area at VAFB were previously evaluated in the Orbital Sciences Corporation OSC Commercial Launch Services Program EA March 1993.
- Unmanned Spacecraft
- Air Pollution and Control

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Setting Up Symbol Server in Debugger
Debug symbols allow you to have better debugging sessions. They have information about the functions contained in executables and dynamic libraries and provide you with information to get clean call stacks. A Symbol Server allows the debugger to load the correct symbols, binaries and sources automatically without forcing users to download large debugging files. The server functions like Microsoft's symbol server so the documentation there can be useful.
Note that because released Electron builds are heavily optimized, debugging is not always easy. The debugger will not be able to show you the content of all variables and the execution path can seem strange because of inlining, tail calls, and other compiler optimizations. The only workaround is to build an unoptimized local build.
The official symbol server URL for Electron is You cannot visit this URL directly, you must add it to the symbol path of your debugging tool. In the examples below, a local cache directory is used to avoid repeatedly fetching the PDB from the server. Replace c:\code\symbols with an appropriate cache directory on your machine.
Using the Symbol Server in Windbg
The Windbg symbol path is configured with a string value delimited with asterisk characters. To use only the Electron symbol server, add the following entry to your symbol path (Note: you can replace c:\code\symbols with any writable directory on your computer, if you'd prefer a different location for downloaded symbols):
Set this string as _NT_SYMBOL_PATH in the environment, using the Windbg menus, or by typing the.sympath command. If you would like to get symbols from Microsoft's symbol server as well, you should list that first:
Using the symbol server in Visual Studio
Troubleshooting: Symbols will not load
Type the following commands in Windbg to print why symbols are not loading:
>!sym noisy
>.reload /f electron.exe
results matching ""
 No results matching ""


text:
Thoughtexchange helps you crowdsource answers to important questions in real time. If you share back what you heard from an exchange, how it impacted you, and what actions you are going to take, you'll ensure participants feel heard this time and take part next time.
You can use the Discover Dashboard to share your thoughts in these three places,
Leaders can respond to participants wherever they find a thought in the Discover Dashboard. Click on the purple thought bubble and start typing. Your leader comment will then automatically appear wherever that thought is published. Remember! This includes the Discover screen in the participant app.
Some great ways to use this feature include:
- Acknowledging what you heard;
- Educating participants on initiatives related to their feedback;
- Sharing an action you'll take related to the thought.
Similar to commenting on thoughts, leaders can comment on themes wherever they appear. Click on the theme, and the option appears at the top of the page. The only exception to this is the AI-generated themes. This set of themes needs to be copied and then you can comment on individual themes.
Use theme-level comments to,
- Share leadership reflections or big-picture actions;
- Summarize the content of a theme;
- Highlight organizational values or underlying interests.
Another way to share your leadership perspective is at the exchange level using the in-app summary report. When you create a Summary Report in the Discover Dashboard, there is space at the top of the page to write a leadership overview.
Use this section to:
- Re-state the purpose of the exchange and how it relates to the organization's goals;
- Detail key actions that will be taken based on the exchange results;
- Share what you learned as a leader.
To learn how other leaders are using Thoughtexchange to crowdsource answers to questions in real-time, check out our Customer Stories page.
If you need support with any of our commenting or reporting features, please contact our support team at _EMAIL_ or reach out to your Client Success Manager.


text: Multilayered power-ground (PG) planes are commonly used to supply power to circuits in high-speed electronic packages and printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, we propose an efficient integral equation equivalent network method to simulate the interference produced by the rerouted return currents of signal traces inside such PG planes. The integral equation is created based on the geometrical features of the PG planes. Therefore, it could reduce the computing time and will be maintaining good accuracy. By discretizing the integral equation, a multiport equivalent network model is derived for each layer of the PG planes. Their [ ] matrices are then obtained. These [ ] matrices can be smoothly integrated with signal traces and other circuit models of lumped components mounted in the package and on the PCB, so that the system-level signal integrity and power integrity can be simulated efficiently.


text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy
Materials Science and Engineering
Peter K. Liaw
Hahn Choo, Takeshi Egami, John D. Landes
This dissertation addresses two critical issues in the mechanical behaviors and structures of bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs): (1) the effect of composition, fabrication method, and pretreatment of plastic deformation on mechanical properties and structures of BMGs; (2) the mechanical response and structural evolution of BMGs in the elastic and plastic region.
(Cu50Zr50)94Al6 and (Cu50Zr50)92Al8 amorphous alloys were used to study the effect of composition on mechanical properties and structures of BMGs. The (Cu50Zr50)94Al6 alloy exhibits lower yield stress and Young's modulus, higher Poisson's ratio, worse thermal stability, and better plasticity than (Cu50Zr50)92Al8. Both the topological and chemical effects of Al addition account for the differences of mechanical and physical properties between them.
A Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 glass-forming alloy with injection casting (the melting temperatures are 1,550 K and 1,250 K, respectively) and with suction casting was fabricated. The results indicate that despite their amorphous structures, the suction-casting samples exhibit a lower yield stress, lower Young's modulus, and larger plastic strain than the injection-casting samples (the melting temperature is 1,550 K) due to more quenched-in free volumes in suction casting, which results from the higher cooling rate.
The inhomogeneous plastic deformation in Zr50Cu40Al10 BMG samples was introduced by four-point-bend fatigue. There is almost no difference of the stress-strain behaviors between the deformed and undeformed samples. Elastostatic compression was used to introduce homogeneous deformation in Zr70Cu6Ni16Al8 BMG samples. The preloaded samples are softer with decreases of yield strength and Young's moduli. Anisotropy was observed in the preloaded samples despite their small magnitudes, which even occurred at a relatively low temperature and applied stress level.
The structural evolution of Zr70Cu6Ni16Al8 BMG in the elastic region was analyzed with anisotropic pair density function. The analysis of the first shell of Zr70Cu6Ni16Al8 glass confirms the structural changes in the elastic region. The bond reorientation leads to direction dependent changes in the chemical short-range order. The structural evolution in the plastic region of Zr70Cu6Ni16Al8 BMG is investigated as well. The serrations were observed for both the stress-displacement and full width at half maximum-displacement curves. The excess free volume was measured, which increases with increasing the displacement.
Jiang, Feng, "Study Of Mechanical Behaviors and Structures of Bulk Metallic Glasses with High-energy Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011.


text:
Authy is a popular application that you can use to secure your BnkToTheFuture account. You can follow these steps to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your account:
- Go to Security, then click the 2FA toggle switch to turn it on.
- Add your BF account to your authenticator app by scanning the QR code or by manually entering the key under the QR code into your authenticator app.
- Enter the 6-digit pin generated by your app, then click UPDATE.
- You will see a pop-up window that contains your backup codes. If you lose access to your authentication device, you can use one of these backup codes to log in to your account. Each code may be used only once. Make a copy of these codes, and store it somewhere safe.
Here is a quick video explaining the benefits of using Authy to secure your BnkToTheFuture account.


text:
Tracks of diplomacy
Traditionally, the term "diplomacy" referred to interaction between nation-states. More recently, however, scholars have delineated several levels of diplomacy. Tracks 1 and 2 are the most frequently used terms. A composite term is multitrack diplomacy.
Track 1 diplomacy: Official discussions typically involving high-level political and military leaders and focusing on cease-fires, peace talks, and treaties and other agreements.
Track 2 diplomacy: Unofficial dialogue and problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships and encouraging new thinking that can inform the official process. Track 2 activities typically involve influential academic, religious, and NGO leaders and other civil society actors who can interact more freely than high-ranking officials. Some analysts use the term track 1.5 to denote a situation in which official and non-official actors work together to resolve conflicts.
Track 3 diplomacy: People-to-people diplomacy undertaken by individuals and private groups to encourage interaction and understanding between hostile communities and involving awareness raising and empowerment within these communities. Normally focused at the grassroots level, this type of diplomacy often involves organizing meetings and conferences, generating media exposure, and political and legal advocacy for marginalized people and communities.
Multitrack diplomacy: A term for operating on several tracks simultaneously, including official and unofficial conflict resolution efforts, citizen and scientific exchanges, international business negotiations, international cultural and athletic activities, and other cooperative efforts. These efforts could be led by governments, professional organizations, businesses, churches, media, private citizens, training and educational institutes, activists, and funders.


text:
Loving-kindness meditation might slow the aging process in women, based on a small study by researchers at Harvard Medical School.
In the new study, scientists analyzed white blood cells from 37 adult men and women, of whom 15 had practiced loving-kindness meditation almost every day for at least four years.
The researchers measured length of participants' telomeres — regions at the end of chromosomes. Shortened telomeres have been linked in humans to chronic stress, mood disorders and accelerated aging.
The scientists found that women who practiced lovingkindness meditation had significantly longer telomeres than women who did not. But telomere length in men was the same whether or not they practiced loving-kindness.
The results for women remained significant when researchers controlled for differences in body mass index (BMI) and history of depression between meditators and nonmeditators. (The groups resembled each other in terms of age, gender, race, education level and history of trauma.)
Why was the positive result seen only for women? The study's authors noted that female participants had practiced lovingkindness meditation longer than their male counterparts, although the difference wasn't statistically significant.
"We could also speculate," they wrote, "that [loving-kindness] practice leads to greater psychological, and therefore physiological, changes in women because they are able to utilize it better."
Loving-kindness focuses on emotions, not thoughts, and brain scans of women show they rely more on the "emotional" parts of their brain for performing certain tasks. When women are shown pictures and asked to label and assign emotions, for example, they use their amygdalas more than men do. The amygdala is a brain structure that helps regulate and interpret emotions.
The study's limitations included its small sample size and the fact that the loving-kindness practitioners also practiced insight meditation. In addition, researchers did not measure participants' self-reported stress levels, only telomere length.
The study appears in the journal Brain, Behavior and Immunity.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Here's a sample binary tree node class:
_USER_ ICKBinaryTreeNode : NSObject _USER_ (nonatomic) NSInteger value; _USER_ (nonatomic) ICKBinaryTreeNode *left; _USER_ (nonatomic) ICKBinaryTreeNode *right; - (instancetype)initWithValue:(NSInteger)value; - (ICKBinaryTreeNode*)insertLeft:(NSInteger)leftValue; - (ICKBinaryTreeNode*)insertRight:(NSInteger)rightValue; _USER_ _USER_ ICKBinaryTreeNode - (instancetype)initWithValue:(NSInteger)value { if (self = [super init]) { self.value = value; } return self; } - (ICKBinaryTreeNode*)insertLeft:(NSInteger)leftValue { self.left = [[ICKBinaryTreeNode alloc] initWithValue:leftValue]; return self.left; } - (ICKBinaryTreeNode*)insertRight:(NSInteger)rightValue { self.right = [[ICKBinaryTreeNode alloc] initWithValue:rightValue]; return self.right; } _USER_
Consider this example:
A binary tree. To the left of the root is a subtree with a node containing 30, its left child containing 20, and its right child (highlighted in blue) 60.
Notice that when you check the blue node against its parent, it seems correct. However, it's greater than the root, so it should be in the root's right subtree. So we see that checking a node against its parent isn't sufficient to prove that it's in the correct spot.
We can do this in time and additional space, where n is the number of nodes in our tree. Our additional space is if our tree is balanced.
One way to break the problem down is to come up with a way to confirm that a single node is in a valid place relative to its ancestors. Then if every node passes this test, our whole tree is a valid BST.
What makes a given node "correct" relative to its ancestors in a BST? Two things:
 - if a node is in the ancestor's left subtree, then it must be less than the ancestor, and
 - if a node is in the ancestor's right subtree, then it must be greater than the ancestor.
So we could do a walk through our binary tree, keeping track of the ancestors for each node and whether the node should be greater than or less than each of them. If each of these greater-than or less-than relationships holds true for each node, our BST is valid.
The simplest ways to traverse the tree are depth-first and breadth-first. They have the same time cost (they each visit each node once). Depth-first traversal of a tree uses memory proportional to the depth of the tree, while breadth-first traversal uses memory proportional to the breadth of the tree (how many nodes there are on the "level" that has the most nodes).
Because the tree's breadth can as much as double each time it gets one level deeper, depth-first traversal is likely to be more space-efficient than breadth-first traversal, though they are strictly both additional space in the worst case. The space savings are obvious if we know our binary tree is balanced—its depth will be and its breadth will be.
But we're not just storing the nodes themselves in memory, we're also storing the value from each ancestor and whether it should be less than or greater than the given node. Each node has ancestors ( for a balanced binary tree), so that gives us additional memory cost ( for a balanced binary tree). We can do better.
Let's look at the inequalities we'd need to store for a given node:
A binary tree with a root node of 50. To the left of the root is a node containing 30, whose left child contains 20, whose left child (highlighted in blue) contains 10.
Notice that we would end up testing that the blue node is <20, <30, and <50. Of course, <30 and <50 are implied by <20. So instead of storing each ancestor, we can just keep track of a lowerBound and upperBound that our node's value must fit inside.
We do a depth-first walk through the tree, testing each node for validity as we go. If a node appears in the left subtree of an ancestor, it must be less than that ancestor. If a node appears in the right subtree of an ancestor, it must be greater than that ancestor.
Instead of keeping track of every ancestor to check these inequalities, we just check the largest number it must be greater than (its lowerBound) and the smallest number it must be less than (its upperBound).
BOOL ICKIsBinarySearchTree(ICKBinaryTreeNode *root) { // start at the root, with an arbitrarily low lower bound // and an arbitrarily high upper bound NSMutableArray *nodeAndBoundsStack = [NSMutableArray new]; [nodeAndBoundsStack addObject:@{ @"node":root, @"lowerBound":_USER_, @"upperBound":_USER_ }]; // depth-first traversal while (nodeAndBoundsStack.count) { // pop from the stack NSDictionary *nodeAndBounds = [nodeAndBoundsStack lastObject]; [nodeAndBoundsStack removeLastObject]; ICKBinaryTreeNode *node = nodeAndBounds[@"node"]; NSNumber *lowerBound = nodeAndBounds[@"lowerBound"]; NSNumber *upperBound = nodeAndBounds[@"upperBound"]; // if this node is invalid, we return NO right away if (node.value <= lowerBound.integerValue || node.value >= upperBound.integerValue) { return NO; } // this node must be less than the current node if (node.left) { [nodeAndBoundsStack addObject:@{ @"node":node.left, @"lowerBound":lowerBound, @"upperBound":@(node.value) }]; } // this node must be greater than the current node if (node.right) { [nodeAndBoundsStack addObject:@{ @"node":node.right, @"lowerBound":@(node.value), @"upperBound":upperBound }]; } } // if none of the nodes were invalid, return YES // (at this point we have checked all nodes) return YES; }
Instead of allocating a stack ourselves, we could write a recursive function that uses the call stack. This would work, but it would be vulnerable to stack overflow. However, the code does end up quite a bit cleaner:
BOOL ICKIsBinarySearchTreeHelper(ICKBinaryTreeNode *root, NSInteger lowerBound, NSInteger upperBound) { if (!root) { return YES; } if (root.value >= upperBound || root.value <= lowerBound) { return NO; } return ICKIsBinarySearchTreeHelper(root.left, lowerBound, root.value) && ICKIsBinarySearchTreeHelper(root.right, root.value, upperBound); } BOOL ICKIsBinarySearchTree(ICKBinaryTreeNode *root) { return ICKIsBinarySearchTreeHelper(root, NSIntegerMin, NSIntegerMax); }
Checking if an in-order traversal of the tree is sorted is a great answer too, especially if you're able to implement it without storing a full list of nodes.
time and space.
The time cost is easy: for valid binary search trees, we'll have to check all n nodes.
Space is a little more complicated. Because we're doing a depth first search, nodeAndBoundsStack will hold at most d nodes where d is the depth of the tree (the number of levels in the tree from the root node down to the lowest node). So we could say our space cost is.
But we can also relate d to n. In a balanced tree, d is \log_{2}{n}. And the more unbalanced the tree gets, the closer d gets to n.
In the worst case, the tree is a straight line of right children from the root where every node in that line also has a left child. The traversal will walk down the line of right children, adding a new left child to the stack at each step. When the traversal hits the rightmost node, the stack will hold half of the n total nodes in the tree. Half n is, so our worst case space cost is.
What if the input tree has duplicate values?
What if NSIntegerMin or NSIntegerMax appear in the input tree?
We could think of this as a greedy approach. We start off by trying to solve the problem in just one walk through the tree. So we ask ourselves what values we need to track in order to do that. Which leads us to our stack that tracks upper and lower bounds.
We could also think of this as a sort of "divide and conquer" approach. The idea in general behind divide and conquer is to break the problem down into two or more subproblems, solve them, and then use that solution to solve the original problem.
In this case, we're dividing the problem into subproblems by saying, "This tree is a valid binary search tree if the left subtree is valid and the right subtree is valid." This is more apparent in the recursive formulation of the answer above.
Of course, it's just fine that our approach could be thought of as greedy or could be thought of as divide and conquer. It can be both. The point here isn't to create strict categorizations so we can debate whether or not something "counts" as divide and conquer.
Instead, the point is to recognize the underlying patterns behind algorithms, so we can get better at thinking through problems.
Sometimes we'll have to kinda smoosh together two or more different patterns to get our answer.
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Aging Awareness Diet Glossary
Explaining "Old People Smell"
6 months ago
3998 0
Posted on Jun 02, 2020, 4 p.m.
Most people are familiar with that musty, grassy, or even greasy odor that can linger in elder care facilities, or our grandparents' homes; this is often referred to as being "old people smell; and it is widely misunderstood around the globe.
Often this scent is attributed to one having poor hygiene, but this is not correct in most cases, it is actually an inescapable component of body odor that manifests in elderhood, and the more respectful official term for the smell is nonenal.
Nonenal has been directly associated with aging, it is a chemical compound that is produced when omega-7 unsaturated fatty acids on the skin are degraded through oxidation, according to a study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology.
In both genders at around the age of 40 the skin will begin to produce more fatty acids and its natural antioxidant defenses begin to deteriorate which can also be contributed to by hormonal changes such as menopause. As the skin grows weaker the natural oils oxidize more quickly producing nonenal, and as it is not water soluble it can remain on the skin even after thorough washing, meaning that the smell can persist on the body and fabrics even in the most extremely clean environments.
Following a healthy lifestyle can help to minimize nonenal which includes exercising regularly, avoiding stress, not smoking, only drinking in moderation, eating a clean diet, drinking plenty of water, and making sure that you get enough sleep.
Personal hygiene products and conventional soaps sold within America contain many different deodorants to help eliminate unpleasant odors such as ammonia, trimethylamine, sulfide oxygen, propionin acid, and isovaleric acid, but none of these ingredients have been found to be effective at eliminating or neutralizing nonenal.
Some Japanese skincare brands claim to have found a botanical combination that is effective against nonenal: green tea and persimmon. Persimmon extracts contain tannins that can help to break down and wash away nonenal, and the antioxidants in green tea are believed to help detoxify the skin which extends the deodorizing effect. The combination of green tea and persimmon can be found in many different forms ranging from soap to fabric spray.
Practicing good personal hygiene and frequent household cleaning habits with or without the use of specialized products may not be 100% effective against nonenal, but they will help to minimize other odors and prevent health problems. Regularly opening the windows can help to flush out old stale air and bring in fresh air, which is a task that can be difficult for some in the more advanced stages of elderhood.
The bottom line is that odor is a natural part of the aging process, and no one should be ashamed or embarrassed about it. A few people may find the smell to be a little unpleasant, but the majority of people tend to connect it with very fond memories of their grandparents or even great grandparents.
It is important to have and promote discussions about age related changes such as nonenal to help minimize the stigma which surrounds much of aging, and to ensure that the public is equipped with as much information as possible that is needed to help them adopt more healthy habits and to seek out the proper care to help them live as happy and healthfully as possible for as long as possible.
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text: The objective of this NASA Phase I SBIR program is to leverage lightweight, durable materials developed by NanoSonic for use within extra vehicular activity (EVA) space boots to provide the following benefits: weight reduction, increased durability/longevity and thermal protection/comfort. NanoSonic will collaborate with ILC Dover, the manufacturer of the EVA space boot, to develop next-generation designs employing the adaptive thermal control materials described herein. Next-generation designs will increase the comfort and productivity while reducing fatigue and injury risks provided to crew members. Further, these next-generation EVA boot materials shall also provide enhanced instep support and enable better boot sizing as indexing. To address the comfort and thermal concerns within the EVA boot, NanoSonic will work with ILC Dover, the world's leader in EVA spacesuits, who was recently awarded the contract by NASA to develop the Z-2 advanced spacesuit. In addition to providing enhancements for foot indexing and thermal comfort, NanoSonic will work with ILC to ensure that the solutions developed herein provide weight savings and increased durability such that the EVA prototype boots developed in the Phase II effort will afford crew members increased comfort and productivity while reducing fatigue and injury risk. The proposed program would start at TRL 5 and end at TRL 8 after a Phase II effort.


(A Detailed Explanation of) Ruby's Symbol#to_proc
Must people love a new feature in Ruby called Symbol#to_proc, but there are not many good explanations of it. The concept is actually fairly straightforward, but the Ruby implementation is fairly complex. The following is an explanation that assumes no knowledge of Ruby.
To sum the numbers from 1 until 100 in Ruby, you would write:
inject is a left fold or a reduceit applies the function {|acc, n| acc + n} to each element in a list where acc is an accumulator that contains the result of the last function application.
For such a simple function, all we need is the knowledge that we are adding, which is contained in the symbol +, representing the addition method. Ideally we would like to write:
(1..100).inject( :+ )
The semicolon is how you tell ruby you are using a symbol, which in this case is the name of a method. Of course, you can write a simple sum function if you want. However, this code is more flexible in a very powerful waywe can use other functions then inject and add.
Method calling in Ruby is actually message passing. So instead of calling
 1.+( 2 ) # => 3
You can say
1.send( :+, 2 ) # => 3
So we are not trying to convert a symbol to a proc. What we are trying to do is continually send the message :+ to inject's built in accumulator, with every member of the list as an argument.
In ruby, the brackets represent a function (actually a closure) that rubyists call a block. A Proc object can be converted to a proc with &. You can convert a different class to a proc (if it supports it) by calling the to_proc method. If you use & on an object that is not a proc, Ruby will try to coerce that object into a block by calling the to_proc method. So we can hack this syntactic shortcut to create
(1..100).inject &:+
So by defining how to coerce the Symbol class to a proc, we can use & to generate a block of code out of a symbol. The to_proc method we define must deal with any arguments yielded to the block. In this case, every value from (2..100) is yielded to the Proc. (1 will be the starting value of the accumulator.) There are minor variation on defining to_proc, but it basically looks like this:
class Symbol
 def to_proc
 proc { |obj, *args| obj.send(self, *args) }
proc is a function that creates a new Proc object. obj is the object to be yielded to the Proc, which in the inject example is the inject's accumulator. The use of *args twice will receive any additional optionally yielded arguments and pass them along in the send method. In our inject example, *args is passing along the n parameter. Finally, obj.send(self) sends a message to obj containing self, the symbol being used (in our example :+). Now we have accomplished the original code with our more succinct version, that we know expands to:
(1..100).inject( &(proc{ |obj, *args| obj.send(:+, *args) }) )
That wasn't so hard, was it? Actually, it was pretty complex for just trying to pass one function to another, something which is dead simple in functional languages. You can accomplish a lot of things with a closure, including this hack. But to me this shows that ruby was not designed as a functional programming language, and how by using Ruby's dangerous flexibility you can manage to warp it towards your needs.
Personally, I have not used Symbol#to_proc because of performance concerns. But it appears that Rails now implements a more efficient version which is only a 20% performance hit for methods which yield only one argument. The way to both speed things up for methods that yield multiple arguments, and to avoid using the & syntax is to redefine the Enumerable methods to allow them to take a symbol as an argument. This is a method-by-method effort. Here is how it would be done for inject.
alias_method :__original_inject__, :inject
def inject meth_or_acc=nil, &block
 if not block_given? and meth_or_acc
 inject {|acc, n| acc.send meth_or_acc, n }
 __original_inject__ meth_or_acc, &block
After learning more languages, Ruby is starting to become pretty ugly to me. Functional languages put it to shame for examples like this. But somehow people keep managing to ignore all its faults, make little hacks, build declaritive frameworks, and be very productive with it.
© Greg Weber. All original code snippets are placed in the public domain.
Written on Mon Feb 25 18:04:26 2008.
Tagged as linux, ruby, script.
Send author an email.


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What are advantages of nano touch blackboards?
Nano blackboard, also known as smart blackboard, is a new type of electronic blackboard that can directly replace traditional blackboards as an intelligent teaching multimedia display device.
Nano blackboard, also known as smart blackboard, is a new type of electronic blackboard that can directly replace traditional blackboards as an intelligent teaching multimedia display device. Nano touch screen blackboard is a high-tech interactive teaching product that integrates various functional devices such as blackboards, touch LCD screens, computers, audio systems, projectors, whiteboards, and more.
In terms of functionality, it covers touch interaction, multimedia teaching, and chalk writing, using world leading nanotouch technology to seamlessly connect traditional teaching blackboards with intelligent electronic blackboards through touch. When writing with chalk, it is also possible to synchronize and interact with teaching content, transforming the traditional teaching blackboard into a perceptible interactive blackboard. It is a revolutionary intelligent interactive teaching device that subverts traditional teaching modes!
The surface of the nano touch screen blackboard is designed with AG nano tempered glass, which has super strong explosion-proof, waterproof, anti drop, impact resistance, and wear resistance. A pure flat surface with rounded corners design makes it safer and more reliable. And the surface is coated with a nano coating that prevents light reflection, which can defend against glare and prevent the formation of reflective images on the blackboard surface. Certified by international authoritative institutions, its blue light filtering effect can reach 95%, maintaining rich and full colors without color deviation, preventing visual fatigue, and effectively protecting vision.
Equipped with a built-in light sensing chip, the nano blackboard screen can automatically adjust the brightness of the screen according to changes in environmental light, which is energy-saving and eye friendly. Intelligent technology endows nano blackboards with support for multiple writing methods, including ordinary chalk, dust-free chalk, water-based liquid pen, whiteboard pen, capacitive pen, and finger touch to achieve writing. This continues the interactive teaching method in the classroom and preserves the traditional teaching habits of blackboard writing.


text:
35 years. For every 100 females there are 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 82.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $30,078, and the median income for a family is $35,438. Males have a median income of $31,767 versus $26,832 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,978. 22.9% of the population and 18.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 30.6% of those under the age of 18 and 18.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Colleges and universities
See: List of schools in Maryland
Baltimore is a sister city of these municipalities:
Museums and Attractions
Defunct (or moved) Sports Teams
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at _URL_
You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
You must provide a link to _URL_
To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to _URL_


Meter calibration on the ISA Two
To calibrate the meters on your ISA Two to your DAW, follow the instructions below:
1. Send a test tone to the line input of ISA Two. This can be achieved using the tone generator in your DAW, and the line output of your interface.
2. Connect the line output of ISA Two to a line input of your interface.
3. Monitor the input level in your DAW, and adjust the gain of ISA Two until the DAW input level reads 0dBFS.
4. Adjust the calibration knob on the rear panel of ISA Two until the ISA Two's meter value matches that of your DAW.
Please note that the meter of ISA Two has an adjustment range of +16 to +24 dBu = 0dBFS. If the maximum input level of your interface falls outside of this range, you will need to calibrate your system with an offset. i.e. If your interface has a maximum input level of +14 dBu, you would need to calibrate the meter of ISA Two such that when it reads -2 dBFS, its output level would actually correspond to the maximum input level of the interface.
As always, if you have any questions or concerns you can get in touch with us through our Support Contact Form and we will be happy to help.


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What is an IR Sensor?
Principles of Operation
We have already discussed how a light sensor works. IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large jump in the intensity, which we already know can be detected using a threshold.
Since the sensor works by looking for reflected light, it is possible to have a sensor that can return the value of the reflected light. This type of sensor can then be used to measure how "bright" the object is. This is useful for tasks like line tracking.


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[Product Name] Evodia Extract, Evodia P.E.
[ About Evodiamine Extract ]
[Active ingredient] evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine limonin, berberine.
1. Evodia P. E. is used to treat symptoms of abdominal distress. These include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is said to be especially effective in treating morning diarrhea. Evodia is used to stimulate the appetite and to treat abdominal symptoms associated with lack of interest in food.
2. Evodia is also used as a painkiller. It is a remedy for headaches, especially headaches associated with nausea and vomiting. Traditional Chinese herbalists also use it to treat pain in the upper abdomen and pain associated with abdominal hernias. According to Chinese herbalism, the warm nature of the evodia fruit counteracts cold conditions in the stomach.
3.Evodia P. E. also has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral,
astringent, and diuretic properties. Studies shows taht extracts of evodia
fruit strongly inhibit the growth of one specific bacteria (Helicobacter
pylori, a bacteria usually treated in mainstream medicine with
antibiotics). Unlike conventional antibiotics, the extract did not alter
the growth patterns of any other intestinal bacteria. This finding
supports the traditional use of evodia fruit in digestive disorders.


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How Servers Propagate Changes
An NIS+ master server implements updates to its objects immediately; however, it tries to "batch" several updates together before it propagates them to its replicas. When a master server receives an update to an object, whether a directory, group, link, or table, it waits about two minutes for any other updates that may arrive. Once it is finished waiting, it stores the updates in two locations: on disk and in a transaction log (it has already stored the updates in memory).
The transaction log is used by a master server to store changes to the namespace until they can be propagated to replicas. A transaction log has two primary components: updates and time stamps.
An update is an actual copy of a changed object. For instance, if a directory has been changed, the update is a complete copy of the directory object. If a table entry has been changed, the update is a copy of the actual table entry. The time stamp indicates the time at which an update was made by the master server.
After recording the change in the transaction log, the master sends a message to its replicas, telling them that it has updates to send them. Each replica replies with the time stamp of the last update it received from the master. The master then sends each replica the updates it has recorded in the log since the replica's time stamp:
When the master server updates all its replicas, it clears the transaction log. In some cases, such as when a new replica is added to a domain, the master receives a time stamp from a replica that is before its earliest time stamp still recorded in the transaction log. If that happens, the master server performs a full resynchronization, or resync. A resync downloads all the objects and information stored in the master down to the replica. During a resync, both the master and replica are busy. The replica cannot answer requests for information; the master can answer read requests but cannot accept update requests. Both respond to requests with a Server Busy - Try Again or similar message.
NIS+ Clients and Principals
NIS+ principals are the entities (clients) that submit requests for NIS+ services.
An NIS+ principal may be someone who is logged in to a client machine as a regular user or someone who is logged in as superuser (root). In the first instance, the request actually comes from the client user; in the second instance, the request comes from the client machine. Therefore, an NIS+ principal can be a client user or a client machine.
(An NIS+ principal can also be the entity that supplies an NIS+ service from an NIS+ server. Since all NIS+ servers are also NIS+ clients, much of this discussion also applies to servers.)
An NIS+ client is a machine that has been set up to receive NIS+ service. Setting up an NIS+ client consists of establishing security credentials, making it a member of the proper NIS+ groups, verifying its home domain, verifying its switch configuration file and, finally, running the NIS+ initialization script. (Complete instructions are provided in Part 2.)
An NIS+ client can access any part of the namespace, subject to security constraints. In other words, if it has been authenticated and has been granted the proper permissions, it can access information or objects in any domain in the namespace.
Although a client can access the entire namespace, a client belongs to only one domain, which is referred to as its home domain. A client's home domain is usually specified during installation, but it can be changed or specified later. All the information about a client, such as its IP address and its credentials, is stored in the NIS+ tables of its home domain.
There is a subtle difference between being an NIS+ client and being listed in an NIS+ table. Entering information about a machine into an NIS+ table does not automatically make that machine an NIS+ client. It simply makes information about that machine available to all NIS+ clients. That machine cannot request NIS+ service unless it is actually set up as an NIS+ client.
Conversely, making a machine an NIS+ client does not enter information about that machine into an NIS+ table. It simply allows that machine to receive NIS+ service. If information about that machine is not explicitly entered into the NIS+ tables by an administrator, other NIS+ clients will not be able to get it.
When a client requests access to the namespace, it is actually requesting access to a particular domain in the namespace. Therefore, it sends its request to the server that supports the domain it is trying to access. Here is a simplified representation:
How does the client know which server that is? By trial and error. Beginning with its home server, the client tries first one server, then another, until it finds the right one. When a server cannot answer the client's request, it sends the client information to help locate the right server. Over time, the client builds up its own cache of information and becomes more efficient at locating the right server. The next section describes this process.
The Cold-Start File and Directory Cache
When a client is initialized, it is given a cold-start file. The cold-start file gives a client a copy of a directory object that it can use as a starting point for contacting servers in the namespace. The directory object contains the address, public keys, and other information about the master and replica servers that support the directory. Normally, the cold-start file contains the directory object of the client's home domain.
A cold-start file is used only to initialize a client's directory cache. The directory cache, managed by an NIS+ facility called the cache manager, stores the directory objects that enable a client to send its requests to the proper servers.
By storing a copy of the namespace's directory objects in its directory cache, a client can know which servers support which domains. (To view the contents of a client's cache, use the nisshowcache command, described in "The nisshowcache Command".) Here is a simplified example:
Domain Name and Directory Name are the same
To keep these copies up-to-date, each directory object has a time-to-live (TTL) field. Its default value is 12 hours. If a client looks in its directory cache for a directory object and finds that it has not been updated in the last 12 hours, the cache manager obtains a new copy of the object. You can change a directory object's time-to-live value with the nischttl command, as described in "The nischttl Command". However, keep in mind that the longer the time-to-live, the higher the likelihood that the copy of the object will be out of date; and the shorter the time to live, the greater the network traffic and server load.
How does the directory cache accumulate these directory objects? As mentioned above, the cold-start file provides the first entry in the cache. Therefore, when the client sends its first request, the request goes to the server specified by the cold-start file. If the request is for access to the domain supported by that server, the server answers the request.
If the request is for access to another domain (for example, sales.doc.com.), the server tries to help the client locate the proper server. If the server has an entry for that domain in its own directory cache, it sends a copy of the domain's directory object to the client. The client loads that information into its directory cache for future reference and sends its request to that server.
In the unlikely event that the server does not have a copy of the directory object the client is trying to access, it sends the client a copy of the directory object for its own home domain, which lists the address of the server's parent. The client repeats the process with the parent server, and keeps trying until it finds the proper server or until it has tried all the servers in the namespace. What the client does after trying all the servers in the domain is determined by the instructions in its name service switch configuration file.
Over time, the client accumulates in its cache a copy of all the directory objects in the namespace and thus the IP addresses of the servers that support them. When it needs to send a request for access to another domain, it can usually find the name of its server in its directory cache and send the request directly to that server.
An NIS+ Server Is Also a Client
An NIS+ server is also an NIS+ client. In fact, before you can set up a machine as a server, you must initialize it as a client. The only exception is the root master server, which has its own unique setup process.
This means that in addition to supporting a domain, a server also belongs to a domain. In other words, by virtue of being a client, a server has a home domain. Its host information is stored in the Hosts table of its home domain, and its DES credentials are stored in the cred table of its home domain. Like other clients, it sends its requests for service to the servers listed in its directory cache.
In other words, a server supports clients in one domain, but is a client of another domain. A server cannot be a client of a domain that it supports, with the exception of the root domain. Because they have no parent domain, the servers that support the root domain belong to the root domain itself.
For example, consider the following namespace:
The chart lists which domain each server supports and which domain it belongs to:
Objects in an NIS+ namespace can be identified with two types of names: partially-qualified and fully qualified. A partially qualified name, also called a simple name, is simply the name of the object or any portion of the fully


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The students of the University of Wrocław pursue their passions in 170 student organisations, artistic or sports teams and scientific clubs. Each year the Student Research Groups and Organisations' Fair gets underway at the University of Wrocław. It's a perfect opportunity to watch fascinating experiments and presentations, talk to young scientists and scholars, get to know their everyday work – and see which degree programme would be worth pursuing. Many of our student research groups are open for new members. If you'd like to creatively spend your free time, pick one of them – and start acting. By joining a society, you can meet people with similar interests, outlooks, cultures or backgrounds.
Societies can be related to:
- a course or subject area, such as a Law Society or Spanish Society
- an interest, such as a Film Society or Rock Music Society
- a religion or culture, such as a Christian Union or Islamic Society
- an identity, such as an LGBTQ+ Society
- something else – you can start one of your own!


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Did ancient coffee houses lay the groundwork for modern consumerism?
If you think that your favourite coffee shop is a great gathering place for discussion, you should have been around in the Ottoman Empire starting in the 1550s. A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research examines the role of
coffee houses in the evolution of the consumer.
Authors Eminegül Karababa from the University of Exeter Business School and Güliz Ger of Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey have researched widely and deeply into the history of coffee houses in the early modern Ottoman Empire and found they offered their patrons a lot more than coffee.
They found that patrons engaged in gambling, taking drugs, meeting with "young beautiful boys," as well as performing or watching entertainments such as puppet theatres, storytellers, and musical and dance performances. The early coffee houses were controversial enterprises. "Formation, normalisation, and legalisation of such a site for transgressive pleasures was controversial since the formal religious morality of the period which was orthodox Islam considered it to be sinful and illegal. Thus, they were repeatedly banned by the state."
Yet, the coffee houses flourished, and by the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Ottomans from all ranks of the society met to drink coffee, socialize, and have literary discussions. Coffee house discourse often challenged the authority of the state and religion and led to changes in the society. "Simultaneously, a new Ottoman consumer, resisting the prescriptions of the state and religion, actively constructing self-ethics, and taking part in the formation of the coffeehouse culture, was forming as well."
"Obviously, the early modern Ottoman context was very different than any modern capitalist system", the authors write. "But the active consumer may not be as recent or even a chronological phenomenon as many consumer researchers think."
Eminegül Karababa and Güliz Ger. "Early Modern Ottoman Coffeehouse Culture and the Formation of the Consumer Subject." Journal of Consumer Research: February 2011.
Date: 28 August 2010


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Discover the Delights of Runner Beans: Elevate Your Home Cooking with this Nutritious Veggie
Runner beans, also known as pole beans or climbing beans, are a versatile and nutritious vegetable that can elevate your home cooking. These vibrant green pods are a staple in many cuisines around the world, prized for their tender texture and delicious flavor. Whether you're a seasoned chef or just starting out in the kitchen, runner beans are a fantastic addition to any meal. In this article, we will explore the health benefits of runner beans, how to grow them in your own garden, popular recipes using this veggie, and tips for cooking them to perfection. Get ready to discover the delights of runner beans and take your cooking skills to new heights!
Health benefits of runner beans
Runner beans are not only delicious, but they also offer numerous health benefits. Packed with essential nutrients, runner beans are a great source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy weight. They are also rich in vitamins A and C, which boost the immune system and promote healthy skin. Additionally, runner beans contain iron and folate, important for red blood cell production and preventing anemia. Incorporating runner beans into your diet can contribute to overall well-being and support a healthy lifestyle.
Growing runner beans in your home garden
Growing runner beans in your home garden is a rewarding experience. These versatile vegetables thrive in warm climates and can be easily grown from seeds. Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil and plant the seeds directly into the ground or in containers. Provide support for the plants to climb, such as trellises or poles. Water regularly and mulch around the base to retain moisture. With proper care and attention, you'll soon have a bountiful harvest of fresh runner beans to enjoy in your home cooking.
Harvesting and storing runner beans
Harvesting runner beans is an exciting and rewarding experience. Once the pods have reached their full size, usually around 6 to 8 inches long, they are ready to be picked. Gently snap or cut the pods from the plant, being careful not to damage the vines. It's important to harvest regularly to encourage continuous production. Store freshly picked runner beans in a cool place or refrigerate them for up to a week. To store for longer periods, blanch and freeze them. Remember, the fresher the beans, the better they taste!
Popular recipes using runner beans
1. Runner Bean Salad: Toss blanched runner beans with cherry tomatoes, feta cheese, and a lemon vinaigrette for a refreshing summer salad.
2. Runner Bean Stir-Fry: Sauté runner beans with garlic, ginger, and soy sauce for a quick and flavorful side dish.
3. Runner Bean Casserole: Combine cooked runner beans with diced tomatoes, onions, and herbs. Top with breadcrumbs and bake until golden brown for a comforting casserole.
4. Runner Bean Curry: Simmer runner beans in a fragrant curry sauce made with coconut milk, spices, and fresh cilantro. Serve over rice for a satisfying meal.
5. Runner Bean Pasta: Toss cooked runner beans with al dente pasta, olive oil, Parmesan cheese, and fresh herbs for a simple yet delicious weeknight dinner.
These recipes showcase the versatility of runner beans and provide different options to incorporate them into your cooking repertoire.
Tips for cooking runner beans to perfection
Tips for Cooking Runner Beans to Perfection:
1. Blanching: Before cooking, blanch the runner beans in boiling water for a few minutes. This helps retain their vibrant color and crispness.
2. Steaming: Steaming is a great way to cook runner beans while preserving their nutrients. Steam them for about 5-7 minutes until they are tender but still have a slight crunch.
3. Sautéing: Heat some olive oil or butter in a pan and sauté the runner beans with garlic or onions for added flavor. Cook them on medium heat until they are tender but not mushy.
4. Stir-frying: Cut the runner beans into bite-sized pieces and stir-fry them with your favorite vegetables and seasonings. Cook them over high heat for a few minutes until they are crisp-tender.
5. Roasting: Toss the runner beans with olive oil, salt, and pepper, then spread them on a baking sheet. Roast them in the oven at 425°F (220°C) for about 15-20 minutes until they are slightly charred and crispy.
6. Grilling: Brush the runner beans with olive oil and grill them over medium-high heat for about 5-7 minutes per side until they develop grill marks and become tender.
Remember to experiment with different cooking methods to find your preferred texture and taste when cooking runner beans!
Runner beans as a sustainable food choice
Runner beans are not only delicious and nutritious, but they are also a sustainable food choice. They have a low carbon footprint compared to other protein sources such as meat and dairy. Runner beans require minimal water and fertilizer to grow, making them an environmentally friendly option. Additionally, they can be easily grown in your own garden, reducing the need for transportation and packaging. By incorporating runner beans into your cooking repertoire, you are making a positive impact on both your health and the planet.
Runner beans are a versatile and nutritious vegetable that can elevate your home cooking to new heights. With their vibrant color, crisp texture, and delicate flavor, they are a delightful addition to any dish. Whether you choose to enjoy them in salads, stir-fries, soups, or as a side dish, runner beans bring a unique taste and nutritional value to your meals.
By incorporating runner beans into your cooking repertoire, you not only enhance the flavors of your dishes but also reap the numerous health benefits they offer. From providing essential vitamins and minerals to promoting digestion and boosting immunity, these beans are a powerhouse of nutrition.
Growing runner beans in your own garden is not only rewarding but also ensures that you have access to fresh and pesticide-free produce. With proper care and attention, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of runner beans throughout the growing season.
Once harvested, storing runner beans properly will help maintain their freshness and flavor for longer periods. Whether blanching and freezing them or storing them in the refrigerator, following simple storage techniques will ensure that you can enjoy their goodness even after the growing season ends.
To make the most of runner beans in your recipes, try popular dishes like runner bean salad with feta cheese or sautéed runner beans with garlic and lemon zest. These recipes showcase the versatility of this vegetable while adding a burst of flavor to your meals.
When cooking runner beans, it's important to remember some tips for achieving perfection. Blanching before cooking helps retain their vibrant color and crispness. Avoid overcooking them as this can lead to mushiness. Instead, aim for a tender yet slightly crunchy texture by steaming or stir-frying them briefly.
Incorporating runner beans into your diet is not only beneficial for your health but also contributes to sustainable food choices. These legumes require less water than other crops and enrich the soil with nitrogen, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. By choosing runner beans, you are making a positive impact on the environment.
In conclusion, runner beans are a nutritious and delicious addition to your home cooking repertoire. From their health benefits to their versatility in recipes, these beans offer endless possibilities for elevating your culinary creations. So why not embrace the delights of runner beans and discover a whole new world of flavors in your kitchen?
Published: 10. 12. 2023


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M2600 (4 attachment)
1. Long reach hedge trimmer is a trimmer blade mounted on the shaft of the brush cutter, used for trimming and shaping particularly tall, long or extra-wide hedges. A carrying strap allows the user to work without tiring.
2. Pole pruners make it easier and safer to prune fruit trees and thin our shrubs and brushea, fro the branches can be cut without leaving the ground when using this chain saw on the pole. The machine can prun branches up to a height of roughly 5m.
3. Powerful Brush cutters cut through thick and thin when the motor mower is out of its depth.
4. Cut Head double line for cutting and thinning out, the nylon line is kept at the optimum cutting length fully automatically.


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Exploring How We Make Decisions
The Caltech Conte Center for Neuroscience explores how we make decisions in a social setting, an ability that is as ubiquitous in everyday life as it is devastating when dysfunctional in diseases such as autism, schizophrenia or addiction. This center examines four main aspects of social decision making: how basic social rewards are processed in the brain, how these rewards are learned and processed through observation rather than receiving a direct reward, how people process and understand how other individuals feel about rewards, and how the brain regions involved in these experiments are connected on a network level.
How do we process rewards, and how do we learn about rewards in a social setting? Is this done in the same way that we think about how other people think about rewards? This Conte Center for Neuroscience at Caltech addresses these questions using innovative fMRI technology, in order to understand on a very basic level how humans think, learn, and make decisions about rewards.This Conte Center consists of four Projects and three supporting Cores:


William Kelly
American inventor
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William Kelly, (born Aug. 21, 1811, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.—died Feb. 11, 1888, Louisville, Ky.), American ironmaster who invented the pneumatic process of steelmaking, in which air is blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove unwanted impurities. Also patented by Sir Henry Bessemer of Great Britain, this process produced the first inexpensive steel, which became the major construction material in the burgeoning industrial age.
In the early 1840s, while on a buying trip for McShane & Kelly, a Pittsburgh dry-goods and shipping company in which he was a partner, Kelly became interested in the iron industry around Eddyville, Ky., and later persuaded his brother to join him in forming an ironworks. They bought an iron furnace and 14,000 acres of timberland and ore deposits; the Eddyville Iron Works prospered.
With the gradual depletion of the timberland and the dwindling of carbon-free iron deposits, Kelly began searching for a more efficient means of refining pig iron. Aware that air drafts cause molten iron to glow white hot, he became convinced that air blown through molten iron not only would remove the carbon but also would cause the temperature of the molten mass to rise, making further heating unnecessary.
In 1855 Bessemer obtained an English patent, and the following year several American patents, on the pneumatic process. When Kelly heard of Bessemer's patents, he filed a priority claim and in 1857 received a U.S. patent superseding Bessemer's patents.
Further innovations in steelmaking, notably by Robert Mushet of England and Goran Goransson of Sweden, made the pneumatic process practical. Before he went bankrupt during the panic of 1857, Kelly sold his patent to his father. In 1859 he renewed his experiments at the Cambria Iron Works, Johnstown, Pa., and by 1862 managed to find enough financial aid to enable him to build a steel plant in Wyandotte, Mich. Within two years he produced the first commercial steel using the Kelly process. In 1863 the Kelly Pneumatic Process Company was organized, and the following year a rival company using Bessemer's patents was organized in Troy, N.Y. Unable to achieve more than minimal success with their respective patents and processes, the two companies pooled their resources in 1866, and thereafter steel production expanded rapidly.
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I have a structure, that i want to write to a regular file as one record, with comma delimited fields. For example
 struct A {
 int a;
 int b;
 } test;
Given test.a=1 and test.b = 2, the regular file will have a corresponding 1,2 as one line record. Another requirement, is that i want to write the entire structure with one system call. So, i created a char buffer[10], stored the value of int a,b into buffer, with comma delimited and a new line character and used Linux system write() call to write the buffer.
The problem is that the record ends up as binary in the file. Which is intuitive as i took away the "typeness" from the variables, the momment i stored them in a char array. I can use standard io, but i would like to learn, how i can achieve the desired results with standard linux system calls with the outlined constraints. How can i preserve the "typness" of a variable. By typeness i mean that if the variable is of type int, the regular file should have human readable digits.
share|improve this question
Do you mean fprintf(file, "%d, %d\n", a, b);? – user529758 Jan 14 '13 at 16:56
This doesn't make sense. You're saying that you create a human-readable string (presumably with sprintf or similar), but then when you write() it, the file contains only binary representation of your values? – Oli Charlesworth Jan 14 '13 at 16:57
The typeness is applied by the human when reading the untyped human-readbale format. To have both (readabilty for humans and typeness for machines) you need to use human-readable format which incorporates the typeness as well. XML with a suitable scheme might help here. Further reading: w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2 – alk Jan 14 '13 at 17:02
Why the downvote? This question targets an essential problem, which was around for a long time... - and hadn't been solved properly before mark-up came in use. – alk Jan 14 '13 at 17:09
If you want human-readable with types you must explicitly include the types in the formatted output. – Hot Licks Jan 14 '13 at 17:20
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closed as not a real question by H2CO3, Mark, Soner Gönül, brenjt, Mario Jan 14 '13 at 21:08
3 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
What you are looking to do is something like fprintf(fh, "%d,%d\n", test.a, test.b);, if you open the output file with fopen. If you really must use write() for some reason, you can sprintf(buffer, "%d,%d\n", test.a, test.b); write(fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));.
share|improve this answer
How do fprintf or sprintf achieve the correct result? At the lowest level, i am sure they are using write() also. Do they convert int to its ASCII or similar to make it human readable? – Jimm Jan 14 '13 at 17:05
sprintf does not because it only writes to a buffer in memory, not to an output file descriptor. fprintf does end up using write() in some way. What matters here is that both are able to translate numbers in binary form to an array of human readable characters. – whooot Jan 14 '13 at 17:10
It's not what the OP wants, as this way the typness is lost. – alk Jan 14 '13 at 17:15
He wants ints to appear as human readable numbers in the output file and he sure as hell got it. How is the typeness lost when all you have are comma separated numbers? – whooot Jan 14 '13 at 17:18
_USER_ I think you are reading more than there is in the question. – whooot Jan 14 '13 at 18:40
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fprintf(fh, "struct:A{int:%d,int:%d}\n", test.a, test.b);
In some environments you might be able to write:
fprintf(fh, "struct:%s{%s:%d,%s:%d}\n", typeid(A).name(), typeid(test.a).name(), test.a, typeid(test.b).name(), test.b);
share|improve this answer
I'm curious. Is this some kind of standard format? – whooot Jan 14 '13 at 19:46
_USER_ - Nope. Just a stab at something that sorta fits the OP's presumed "requirement". – Hot Licks Jan 14 '13 at 20:18
ok, thank you for the answer. – whooot Jan 14 '13 at 21:36
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Use fprintf if you want your file to be human readable, writing the file using code like
void writeArrayToFile(struct A* array, int count)
 int i;
 FILE* fp;
 // open file
 fprintf(fp, "%d,%d\n", array[i].a, array[i].b);
share|improve this answer
isnt that standard io? – Jimm Jan 14 '13 at 16:57
_USER_ It is. And now what? – user529758 Jan 14 '13 at 16:59
... also it does not preserve the variables types. – alk Jan 14 '13 at 17:08
_USER_ Can you update your question to show how you format your data before the write call, how your output file is currently structured and how you'd like it to appear please? It sounds like H2CO3, whooot and I may all have misunderstood what you're asking. If many users aren't understanding your question, re-wording it would be useful. – simonc Jan 14 '13 at 17:08
_USER_ Depends on your interpretation of the question I guess. I thought the question was just about getting human readable output (as opposed to using write(fp, &myint, sizeof(myint))) – simonc Jan 14 '13 at 17:11
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text:
Nathaniel P. Banks
24th Governor of Massachusetts
- Father of Nathaniel P. Banks — 2nd Generation
- Ahnentafel No:
- John Banks
- Susannah Prentice
- Birth Date:
- 1 Aug 1783
- Birth Location:
- Alstead, Cheshire, New Hampshire
- Christening Date:
- Christening Location:
- Death Date:
- 24 Apr 1857
- Death Location:
- Waltham, Middlesex, Massachusetts
- Burial Date:
- Burial Location:
- Grove Hill Cemetery, Waltham, Middlesex, Massachusetts
- Spouse Name:
- Rebecca Greenwood
- Marriage Date:
- 29 Jan 1815
- Marriage Location:
- Watertown, Middlesex, Massachusetts
Nathaniel Prentice Banks (Ahnentafel No:1 )
Nathaniel Prentice Banks
Scroll down to see sources.
Sources for Nathaniel Prentice Banks
- 1 Find A Grave, (accessed 01/08/2020).
- 2 Massachusetts, U.S., Town and Vital Records, _PHONE_, Marriage record for Nathaniel P Banks and Rebecca Greenwood.
- 3 Massachusetts: Vital Records, _PHONE_, Waltham, Vol. 1, p. 112, Marriage intention for Nathaniel P Banks and Rebecca Greenwood.
- 4 Massachusetts: Vital Records, _PHONE_, Waltham, Vol. 112, p. 178, Death record for Nathaniel P Banks.
- 5 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1852, Vol. 6, p. 274.
- 6 New Hampshire: Births, Deaths and Marriages, _PHONE_, Vol. Births B to 1901, p. 5028, Birth record for Nathaniel Prentice Banks.
- 7 Binney, Charles James Fox, The History and Genealogy of the Prentice, or Prentiss Family, in New England, Etc., from 163 1 to 1883, 2nd Edition, Boston: Published by the Editor (1883), 66.
- 8 Greenwood, Isaac John, The Greenwood Family of Norwich, England in America, Concord, New Hampshire: Rumford Press (1934), 86, gives Nathaniel's wedding date as 12 FEB 1815.
- 9 Wikipedia, "Nathaniel P. Banks", (accessed 01/08/2020).


text:
Introduction of Electronic Hydraulic Power Steering System
Main components: oil storage tank, power steering control unit, electric pump, steering gear, power steering sensor, etc., wherein the power steering control unit and electric pump are a whole structure.
Working principle: The electro-hydraulic steering assist system overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional hydraulic steering assist system. The hydraulic pump used is no longer driven directly by the engine belt, but an electric pump. All the working conditions are calculated by the electronic control unit according to the driving speed and steering angle of the vehicle. Simply put, at low speed and large steering, the electronic control unit drives the electronic hydraulic pump to output high power at high speed, which makes the driver save direction; when the car is driving at high speed, the hydraulic control unit drives the electronic hydraulic pump at a lower speed. Operation, while not affecting the need for high-speed steering, while saving part of the engine power.


To repeal Part 5 of the 2005 SOCPA, which states that an animal rights activist can go to jail for 5 years for writing a letter, or particpating in protest.
Why is this idea important?
Regarding animal rights activism; In a time when we refer to ourselves as civilised and intelligent beings, the act of removing ones right to speak, act and protest, suggests the opposite.
The government already posses the ability to treat non humans as they wish, and to further try to gag those who, with the best of intentions, fight for necessary change within the law, a change that is essential in moving the human race forward, is oppresive.
People should be able to make their voices heard, especially regarding issues of this relevance. Threats of violence or initmidation are a seperate issue, no one should recieve 5 years jail for writing a letter through the best of intentions.
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text:
Site preparation is an essential aspect of any construction project. Proper site preparation sets the foundation for the project's success and ensures that the construction process runs smoothly. Here are some reasons why proper site preparation is key to a successful construction project. Find here the right information for new construction projects in KSA.
Proper site preparation is essential to ensure the safety of workers and the public. The site must be cleared of hazardous materials or structures, and proper safety measures must be implemented to prevent accidents or injuries. Additionally, proper site preparation ensures that the foundation and soil are stable, reducing the risk of structural failures or collapses.
It avoids delays and cost overruns:
Poor site preparation can result in delays and cost overruns. If the site is not properly cleared or graded, it can result in unexpected obstacles that can delay the construction process. Additionally, improper preparation can result in unexpected costs such as additional excavation, soil stabilization, or foundation repairs.
Proper site preparation can increase the efficiency of the construction process. If the site is properly cleared and graded, it can reduce the excavation and grading required during construction. This can save time and money and allow the construction process to proceed more efficiently.
Proper site preparation is also essential to ensure the quality of the construction project. If the foundation or soil is unstable, it can result in structural issues such as cracks or settling. Additionally, if the site is not properly cleared or graded, it can result in issues such as drainage problems or uneven surfaces.
Proper site preparation can also support sustainability goals. For example, if the site is properly graded and drainage is properly managed, it can reduce erosion and prevent sedimentation in nearby waterways. Additionally, proper site preparation can reduce the need for excessive excavation or grading, reducing the amount of earth moved and the associated environmental impacts.
Proper site preparation is key to a successful construction project. It ensures the safety of workers and the public, avoids delays and cost overruns, increases efficiency, improves quality, and supports sustainability. By taking the time to prepare the site before construction begins properly, project managers can set their projects up for success and ensure that the construction process runs smoothly.


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 - Syntax 1: Opening a preset connection: automatic management of connections
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Stored procedures
Opens a connection to a specific database. The connection remains opened until the call to .CloseConnection. .OpenConnection is used to open a connection defined with a Connection variable. Caution: The order in which the functions for connecting to an HFSQL Client/Server database are called is important. See Optimizing the connection times to the HFSQL Client/Server databases for more details.
Universal Windows 10 AppWindows MobileJavaUser code (UMC)AjaxHFSQLHFSQL Client/ServerNative Connectors (Native Accesses)
MyConnection is Connection
// Describe the connection
MyConnection.User = "USER"
MyConnection.Password = "PASSWORD"
MyConnection.Server = "MYSERVER"
MyConnection.Database = "Database"
MyConnection.Provider = hAccessHFClientServer
MyConnection.Access = hOReadWrite
MyConnection.ExtendedInfo = "Extended information"
MyConnection.CursorOptions = hClientCursor
 = .OpenConnection()
: Boolean
 - True if the operation was performed,
 - False if a problem occurred (during a connection described by programming, some parameters used in HDescribeConnection may be incorrect for example).
HErrorInfo is used to identify the error.
: Connection variable
Name of the Connection variable that describes the connection to a database.
Universal Windows 10 AppWindows MobileiPhone/iPadUser code (UMC)PHPAjaxHFSQLHFSQL Client/ServerNative Connectors (Native Accesses)
Syntax 1: Opening a preset connection: automatic management of connections
 - The connection associated with a data file is automatically opened when the data file is opened. The connection is closed when the last data file that uses this connection is closed.
 - Any connection opened by .OpenConnection remains opened even if it is not used.
 - If the application opens and closes data files many times in a row, the automatic management of connections will open/close connections many times, slowing down the application. In this case, we recommend that you use .OpenConnection to keep the connection opened.
Component: wd260hf.dll
Minimum version required
 - Version 25
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text:
The United States Department of Defense ran a project to analyse the current and historical use of marksmanship training. The analysis compared costs of using traditional live-fire training alone versus using simulator training. Research on the effectiveness of using the simulator training, conducted previously is used as a basis for the effectiveness analysis. The questions researched are:
"Can using the simulator training reduce training costs compared to using live-fire ranges alone?"
"Will continued use of the simulator training be as effective as using live fire alone?"
The project identifies current virtual training systems and analyses potential opportunities for cost savings. The data supported the hypothesis that the simulator training system will reduce costs over the years that it is used to supplement live-fire ranges. A cost analysis was conducted, and a sensitivity report generated. Results provided an estimate of the per-person cost of training, logistics savings, and virtual system benefits. The analysis concludes that a well-sequenced mix of simulator training and live-fire training would maximise cost savings — and is as good for overall marksmanship quality as live-fire alone.


text:
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Christianity-related events during the 19th century
|Instance of||events in a specific year or time period|
|Facet of||history of Christianity|
|Point in time||19th century|
This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
- Carnival in the 19th century (9 C, 6 F)
Media in category "19th-century Christianity"
The following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.
- ChristmasEve1878.jpg 700 × 516; 179 KB
- Protestant foreign missionstheir present state. (IA protestantforeig00chri 0).pdf 925 × 1,602, 294 pages; 13.18 MB


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AVS › AVS Forum › Display Devices › Screens › Reflected Light
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Reflected Light
post #1 of 4
Thread Starter
This may be an elementary question but if I'm getting about 10 foot lamberts of light from my projector and I'm using a 1.8 gain screen should I get approximately 18 foot lamberts of reflected light from the screen?
post #2 of 4
Thread Starter
post #3 of 4
Yes, your math is correct. That is exactly how a screen's "gain" works. A Unity gain screen is 1.0, i.e. it returns exactly the same FtL back that strikes it.
How does a higher gain screen "do it"? By redirectly most of the light energy back within a smaller angle of reflectance, effectively concentrating the light output for that given viewing angle range.
- Tom C
post #4 of 4
The correct formula for calculating screen luminance (in foot-lamberts) is: (projectors light output (in ansi lumens) x screen gain) / screen sq ft.. You can work this formula back and forward to derive you desired screen luminance. Once you know the projectors light output, you can play with screen size and gain to reach the desired number. Somewhere between 10-16 foot-lamberts would match the light output at the theater (they measure 16 with the gate open and no film, it ends up being about 12foot lamberts during the film presentation). You may want a higher number if you have poor control of ambient light. To get higher screen luminance:
-higher gain screen (trade offs can be numerous)
-smaller screen
-brighter projector
Don O
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text:
Letters of recommendation – critical to young scientists' chances of being hired for postdoctoral research positions – may be disadvantaging women from the very start of their careers, and the professors writing those letters may not realize it, a new study suggests.
The study, published this week in the journal Nature Geoscience, analyzed the tone of recommendation letters submitted by individuals from over 500 institutions worldwide in support of applicants to a highly competitive postdoctoral research fellowship in the geosciences at a top-tier U.S. research university. The authors of the study found that women were only about half as likely as men to receive letters written in ways that portrayed them as excellent candidates rather than merely good candidates. It didn't matter if the letter writer was a woman or a man, or from the Americas, Africa, Europe, or Asia; the results were universal.
The problem may be subconscious, and it reveals a large-scale, global trend that universities and geoscience groups such as the American Geophysical Union can start to address, the authors say.
"To be clear, we are not assigning blame or accusing anyone of being consciously sexist. We are all shaped by our biases; implicit biases surface in certain ways, and this may be one of them" said lead author Kuheli Dutt, Assistant Director for Academic Affairs and Diversity at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
"The key thing here is to use these results to start meaningful dialogues on implicit bias," Dutt said.
Implicit biases develop subconsciously from the beliefs and stereotypes that we hear and experience throughout our lives, and they can affect how we perceive others. Previous studies in other fields have found, for example, that women are more likely to be described in collective terms, such as "nurturing," "diligent," or "a team player," while men are more likely to be described as "confident" or "dynamic." For a field that is looking for leaders, these adjectives can make the difference in how a candidate is perceived, Dutt said.
Joan Williams, Director of the Center for WorkLife Law and a law professor at the University of California-Hastings School of Law who was not involved in the study, said: "This paper takes a crucial next step in pinpointing the processes through which implicit bias depletes the number of women in STEM fields."
The new study is the largest international assessment to date of the tone of letters of recommendation for women compared with men in a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) field, and the first in the geosciences.
Dutt and her co-authors from Columbia's Teachers College analyzed 1,224 recommendation letters from 54 countries. They looked at the overall tone of the letter, guided by comments that would separate an applicant from being perceived as excellent rather than just good. Phrases such as "scientific leader," "brilliant scientist," "role model," and "trailblazer" could boost a candidate into the "excellent" category. Phrases such as "highly intelligent," "very productive," and "very knowledgeable," in the absence of additional information, tend to fall instead under "good."
Of the 1,224 letters analyzed, 21 percent were in the "excellent" category. By gender, 15 percent of the 362 letters for female applicants put them in the "excellent" category, compared with 24 percent of the 862 letters for male applicants. The letters were submitted between 2007 and 2012, and the names of the applicants and recommenders were removed while the letters were categorized for overall tone. The analysis did not include other applicant qualifications.
The authors of the study found that Americans tended to write much longer letters, but length didn't correlate with the applicant's gender. They also found that the recommender's gender and region made little difference in the tone. The difference was in the gender of the applicant.
"Sometimes when people hear results like this, they might think, 'well, it doesn't happen in my institution,' or 'it doesn't happen in my department.' This study shows that it happens across the world. More than 1,100 individuals in 54 countries, and the results are remarkably consistent," Dutt said.
"These results are consistent with widespread implicit bias. You want to have the best available talent pool in the geosciences, and if you consistently hold certain biases against a certain section of the available pool, you're not going to get the best talent," Dutt said.
Dutt encourages postdoctoral researchers to be mindful of these differences in letter tone and wherever possible, talk with their recommenders about the letters. She also encourages institutions to take ownership of the challenge and hold workshops and discussions to help faculty and staff become more aware of the possibility of implicit bias and think carefully about how they write recommendations letters.
Co-authors of the study are Danielle Pfaff, Ariel Bernstein, Joseph Dillard, and Caryn Block of Columbia Teachers College.