Paris: Let's talk about homelessness
Avec une couverture au dessus d'un vélo, la personne se abrite dans une entrée de garage, 9ème Arrondissement de la capitale françaises.
Emergency shelter with a bike and a blanket in the 9th district of Paris (Urbanauth/ 2019)
3552 homeless people got counted in the capital of Paris this year.
At the annual "Nuit de la solidarité" (night of solidarity)in Paris between January and February, volunteers are on the streets for one night to count homeless people and, as far as possible, ask them about their living situation. Organised by the city and in partnership with various large associations, the figures mainly provide an insight into the different profiles and zones of homelessness.
3641 homeless people got counted at one night in the streets in 2019
Introduced in 2018, it is one of the few references on homelessness in the French capital and follows a methodology. In addition to the census, it also attempts to understand the needs and backgrounds of those affected, as well as the geographical location of their accommodations. The APUR, Parisian Urbanism Authority, published its study on the 2nd Nuit de la solidarité (2019) in December. Urbanauth has taken a look inside for you.
The volunteers did not exclusively count people sleeping in the street, but also those in places such as train stations or parking lots. So for 2019 the statistics included the so-called green lungs of the capital, the Bois de Boulogne in the west, and the Bois de Vincennes in the east, as well as the "Colline" in the north. Unfortunately, the numbers are not definite, as the census only takes place on one day. The results may therefore vary and do not represent the absolute number of homeless people.
The study could only count in accessible places. Consequently it excluded areas of petite ceinture or parks and silent occupations. Also invisible from the statistics are all persons who are "couchsurfing" and who are sleeping at solidarity networks. Furthermore only 2000 out of 3600 homeless in the study received the questionnaire. So about half of the respondents replied with a complete or partial answer.
What does homelessness in the French Capital looks like?
Des pigeons se rassemblent à un mètre de l'abri le long de l'immeuble.
A DIY space in the 17th Arrondissement between a wall and a energybox (Urbanauth/2019)
The study primarily looks at gender, age ranges and whether the person was encountered individually or as part of a group. Secondary observations regarded pregnancy, families, minors/children and animal companions. Thereafter, it was tried to identify the forms of homelessness among the interviewees and to understand their life situation.
Overall, 36% of the people recorded have been homeless for less than a year. With a share of 10 % young people (>25 years old) belong to a particularly vulnerable group. They are for example the least aware of social services like emergency shelters, social benefits, accompaniment of social workers. Also, young people usually arrived in Paris without any accommodation. This is why this group is temporary homeless, and got sighted mostly in the 18th arrondissement. They are also among those who tend not to have habitual places to sleep. In contrast to those who have been living on the streets for a long time.
For the interviewees, the reasons for homelessness were mostly their arrival in the capital without suitable accommodation, followed by blows of fate, separations and evictions. 14% of those interviewed were women, with the highest proportion of women in the age groups of under 25 and over 55 years. These women mostly stay in groups and change their sleeping places frequently. For them and the under 25 years old, it is the most dangerous to be homeless.
The hotspot is located in the north-east of Paris
Paris with its 20 districts by homeless people. (Map: APUR / December 2019)
Except the 15th district in the southwest, the highest concentration of homelessness is in the north-east. The 18th district is home to the largest group, with 507 people living on the streets, 105 of them residents of the "Colline", a notorious hill at the motorway junction and a humanitarian problem. The tent village at the Porte de la Chapelle, where refugees and crack addicts are living in tents on the brown line next to the highway, is regularly evacuated. However, in the absence of measures in the form of accommodation and prospects, new people are constantly moving in. The dissolution of the crack addicts camp for homeless people in autumn 2019 has contributed to the distribution of these people over a larger area. For example to public places in the north, such as the Canal de l'Ourcq or the Jardin d'Éole (19th arr.) and Porte d'Aubervilliers. 2017 / 2018 there was also a huge tent camp, which stretched from the canal at Quai Valmy to the suburbs of Saint Denis, and a Sinti and Roma camp on the Petite Ceinture between Porte Clignancourt and Porte de la Chapelle. These two spatial occupations have since been evacuated, possibly leading to a redistribution to the north of Paris and the neighbouring suburbs such as Bobigny, Pantin, La Courneuve and Bondy.
To the south, bordering the 18th district, are the 9th and 10th arrondissements with a population of 110 and 359 people. Following the 19th (466), 11th (176), 20th (156) and ends with the 12th district (369). The latter shows 167 additional homeless people who have taken shelter in the Vincennes forest. The concentration of a high proportion of homelessness correlates with the so-called popular districts. These areas have got a high cultural diversity, but also a high proportion of social housing and poverty. In comparison to the previous year, an exodus from the 9th and 10th districts to the north can be observed.
A decrease of homeless people in these districts is noteable, while a significant increase happened in the 18th and 19th districts. In this area, more groups of young people were counted, which are most strongly represented in both areas. The mass of homeless people decreases in the south-western part of the city and shows a mixed personal profile. The 16th arrondissement, which is considered a very bourgeois district, has borders on the equally rich suburb of Boulogne. Some homeless people have been counted in the Boulogne forest, although this is much smaller than in the "Colline" or the Vincennes forest. The latter is located in the east and borders the 13th arrondissement, which also has a certain homelessness.
The north-south axis to the west and the belt in the centre from the 2nd to the 8th district are conspicuous by their low number of homeless people. These are also so-called "Beaux Quartiers" / the beautiful and expensive quarters. The city puts a lot of effort to clear such districts from poverty. 2017 Urbanauth witnessed the evacuation of a Sinti and Roma shelter on an unused railway line at the Pont Cardinet (17th Arr.).
04.03.2020 The article got actualized with the number of homeless people in 2020. (FranceBleu)
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What Percentage Of The French Population Paid Tax?
Who paid most of the taxes in France?
The tax system in pre-revolutionary France largely exempted the nobles and the clergy from taxes.
The tax burden therefore devolved to the peasants, wage-earners, and the professional and business classes, also known as the Third Estate..
How long can I live in France without paying tax?
Very simply, if you spend more than 183 days in France in a French tax year (the calendar year), then you will be regarded as resident for tax purposes for the whole of the year.
How much money do I need to retire in France?
How much do you need to retire in France? This depends on your own lifestyle and where you take up residence but living well is very affordable in all parts of France. Two people can run an apartment while living well in France for between $2,100 to $2,500 per month.
Why is UK income tax so high?
The countries that raise more in tax than the UK almost all do this by raising more from income tax and social security contributions. Compared with European countries, the UK stands out most in its relatively light taxation of middle earners' incomes. Rates for high earners are closer to those seen elsewhere.
Do expats pay taxes in France?
Expats are taxed in France on their income from French sources only, regardless of their nationality. The following categories are considered as income from French sources: Income from immovable property situated in France, from business concerns situated in France.
What is considered a good salary in Paris?
This statistic shows the opinion of employees working in Paris area on what level of salary per month allows a good living in the French capital in 2019. It appears that a majority of respondents, 33 percent of them, declared that a monthly salary between 3,000 and 4,999 was a salary allowing a good living in Paris.
What estate paid the most taxes?
The Third EstateWhich group paid the most taxes? The Third Estate. The First and Second Estate did not have to pay most taxes, while peasants paid taxes on many things, including necessities.
What percentage of taxes do the French pay?
Non-residents usually pay tax on their France-sourced income at a minimum French tax rate of 20% for French-sourced income up to €27,519 and 30% for income above this threshold. Property tax in France for non-residents on the taxable gain of the sale of a French property is 19% for EU citizens and 36.2% for all others.
What percentage of the population pays the most taxes?
The top 1 percent paid a greater share of individual income taxes (38.5 percent) than the bottom 90 percent combined (29.9 percent). The top 1 percent of taxpayers paid a 26.8 percent average individual income tax rate, which is more than six times higher than taxpayers in the bottom 50 percent (4.0 percent).
Are taxes higher in France or UK?
One of the major differences between income tax in France and income tax in the UK is that, unlike in the UK, income tax in France is calculated based on the household income – not the individual's. … Typically, the larger the French household, the smaller the tax bill is likely to be.
Are French taxes high?
In France, tax revenues rose to 46.2 percent of GDP, surpassing Denmark, where the ratio fell to 46.0 percent. … France's high tax burden is a source of resentment among voters.
Why was the French tax system unfair?
Excessive, inefficient, unfair According to conventional wisdom, the Ancien Régime's taxation regime was excessive, inefficient and unfair. It was excessive because France had become one of the highest taxing states in Europe, chiefly because of its warmongering, growing bureaucracy and high spending.


text:
Which species are special in Wales?
The red kite or chough? The Snowdon Lily? The marsh fritillary
Wales, although small, is home to a great range of species
reflecting its geographical position, its varied habitats and the
complexity of its geology and soils.
Located on the Atlantic fringe, Wales has a distinctive
biodiversity. It also has a role to play in the conservation of our
representative western European oceanic plant and invertebrate
species some of which we share with western Portugal, France and
Ireland. Our sheltered wet and humid oak woodlands are rich in
mosses, liverworts and lichens. Our cliff tops and dunes are home
to wildlife that can cope with exposure and drought.
North v south
Wales lies on the boundaries of both northern and southern
species. The Brecon Beacons upland areas contain the southernmost
outposts of several arctic-alpine plant species. On the other side
of the country Anglesey's sand-dunes are home to southern
invertebrates at their northern limits. Charting these species'
movements will play a part in monitoring climate change.
A foreign invasion
Welsh conservationists are monitoring invasive non-native
species, such as ruddy duck and japanese knotweed, and their impact
on the rare native species and habitats. We also need to tackle
mink and New Zealand stonecrop if we are to conserve our water vole
and great crested newt populations.
Protecting our wildlife
Wales has175 species on the Section 74 list of Species of
Principal Importance for the Conservation of Biological Diversity.
Most of these are also on the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)
list of threatened plants and animals. But this selection is just
the tip of the iceberg. We hope by conserving these species and
habitats, other important species can also benefit from our

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
that it is a stroke and not a shape with stroke and fills)
- Use the
Extensions->Ink/Stitch->English->Convert line to Satincommand.
- Parameterize as satin column: Extensions->Embroidery->Params
- Select the Satin Column tab
Custom satin column
- If you are not happy with the stitch directions, add some extra rungs:
Edit path tool(F2), hold SHIFT key and draw lines that intersect both rails. With the free hand tool: SHFIT click + SHIFT click
- The old object will be destroyed.
- We suggest making a copy of it and putting it in a separate "Artwork" layer.
7.6 Create other forms of satin stitches
Just make sure to have a single path with two long lines that
- do not cross over themselves
- do go in the same direction
- have rungs
Path->Combine to combine two lines into a single path,
Examples can be found here
7.7 Example code
8 Hands-on: Generating, importing and adopting appropriate SVG graphics
There are three major resources for SVG graphics
- _URL_ (make sure to select simple graphics and that will "flatten" imported objects
- _URL_ (icons)
- Visualization programs that can export to SVG, e.g. highcharts, that I used to explore (simple, ugly) data visualizations.
Before importing, understand that:
- Embroidery resolution is low
- You cannot stitch more than 2 layers
- Ink/Stitch cannot handle weird geometry (non polygons like a figure 8)
Some operations that can help:
Menu Object -> Break apart
- Various subtractive geometry operations, e.g.
Path -> Difference
-... etc. Rather take examples from the EduTechWiki page
- Machine embroidery (Tutorials made by DKS and his students).
- French version: Guide tutoriels de broderie machine (but as of oct 2018, InkStitch is not documented. It will be)
- Ink/Stitch Project home page
|Is part of module||InkStitch +|
|Is part of syllabus||Machine embroidery +|
|Objective||Understand basic machine embroidery principles +, Understand design and stitch workflow + and Use basic Ink/Stitch functionality +|
|Previous page||InkStitch - data visualization +|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: We present a framework for training GANs with explicit control over generated facial images. We are able to control the generated image by settings exact attributes such as age, pose, expression, etc. Most approaches for manipulating GAN-generated images achieve partial control by leveraging the latent space disentanglement properties, obtained implicitly after standard GAN training. Such methods are able to change the relative intensity of certain attributes, but not explicitly set their values. Recently proposed methods, designed for explicit control over human faces, harness morphable 3D face models (3DMM) to allow fine-grained control capabilities in GANs. Unlike these methods, our control is not constrained to 3DMM parameters and is extendable beyond the domain of human faces. Using contrastive learning, we obtain GANs with an explicitly disentangled latent space. This disentanglement is utilized to train control-encoders mapping human-interpretable inputs to suitable latent vectors, thus allowing explicit control. In the domain of human faces we demonstrate control over identity, age, pose, expression, hair color and illumination. We also demonstrate control capabilities of our framework in the domains of painted portraits and dog image generation. We demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively.


text:
Step 4: Make The Insulating Spacers
The Three conductive sheets are held apart by insulating spacers. Pushing between the spacers creates a conductive path. The insulating spacers are the white dots that are made by screeding Oogoo in the holes in the stencils. The stencils are made by drilling 1/4" holes in 1/16" plastic sheet. The holes are drilled 1" apart with the holes in the second stencil drilled in between the holes in the first.
Screed the Spacers
Step 4 pic shows a small mix of Oogoo (2 silicone caulk to 1 corn starch by volume) being screeded on one layer of Oogoo II.


text:
- Hundreds of Mormons in Honolulu en Route to California
June 20, 1846 TERRITORY, Territory Utah, Hawaii, Migration, Mormons
It was June 20th, 1846, when the ship Brooklyn arrived in Honolulu, Oahu. Its passengers were hundreds of Mormon immigrants en route to California from New York led by a man named Samuel Brannan. The people of Hawaii were intrigued and confused by these new people, especially such a vast amount. The unknown elements were filled in by a history of the Mormon religion and its people. The history that...


text:
Karl Bechert, Physicist; Hid Jews From the Nazis
Published: May 4, 1981
Dr. Karl Bechert, a physicist and educator who was a professor at Giessen University in Germany during the Hitler regime and remained a staunch anti-Nazi, died on April 1 in Weilmunster, West Germany, it was reported yesterday. He was 80 years old.
Dr. Bechert, who was raised a Lutheran, had refused to join the Nazi party. He upset the party by promoting Jewish colleagues in his department and later hiding Jewish co-workers in his home. He also protected villagers against Nazis by hiding them in the surrounding woods.
He later served as a professor at the University of Mainz. In 1951, he joined Dr. Victor Paschkis, a professor-emeritus of Columbia University now living in Pottstown, Pa., in founding the Society for Social Responsibility in Science. The organization remained active for a decade and its influence on scientists and engineers was said to be widespread. He also took part in the Pugwash movement, a major effort to unite scientists to work for peace. He remained active until recently and continued his teaching duties at Mainz.
He is survived by two sons and a daughter.


text:
Lower Austria—The Architectural Landscape, 1848 to 1918
A handy guidebook to significant historic architecture in Lower Austria a popular tourist destination around Vienna.
1st edition, 2017
Text English and German
264 pages, 216 color illustrations
11.5 x 19 cm
Lower Austria is a tourist destination beloved for its beautiful landscapes and proximity to the capital, Vienna. A new architecture guidebook, Lower Austria—The Architectural Landscape, 1848 to 1918 features a selection of significant buildings from that period. Arranged by type, entries include historic and contemporary photographs, brief descriptions, architectural plans, and other information. The seven decades between the Austrian Revolution of 1848 and the end of World War I in 1918 marked several periods of significant societal and political change in Austrian society that also had a major impact on architecture. Detailed essays describe the commissioning of projects—often by famous architects of the time—as they related to such topics as the abolishment of manorialism, the onset of industrialization and the construction of the railways, and the fashion of escaping the crowded metropolis for a summer house in the countryside.


text:
Head of a Guardian
Japanese, Heian period
Head of a Guardian, second half of 11th century
Assembled woodblock construction with traces of polychrome and gilding
The equipoise of this head derives from the works of the great sculptor Jocho, whose style dominated Japanese sculpture in the eleventh century. Reflecting the aristocratic taste of the Heian capital (modern Kyoto) during the Fujiwara regency and the flowering of a Japanese cultural and artistic expression, this elegant piece contrasts with the more emphatically Chinese character of ninth-century Heian sculpture.
Because it is a fragment and no specific attribute is present, the exact identity of the head remains unknown. It may have been from a set of Buddhist guardians of the four cardinal directions (Shitenno) or one of the twelve heavenly generals (Juni shinsho). The head was once painted and gilded, heightening the wrathful expression of this protector of the faith. Its assembled woodblock construction was developed to meet the demand for images created by the increased patronage of the Fujiwara period. Using this method, artistic workshops could produce large quantities of lightweight images with speed, pegging and gluing together relatively shallowly carved pieces of wood.


text:
Seeing the Elephant
When the first elephant came to Maine, she was a wonder. People had never seen an elephant before. It was the early 1800s, and America was a new country, sorting out its morals. So when she was shot and killed in Alfred, ME, the outrage over her death revealed a lot about our young country.
Nono and the African Gala
The African Gala takes place in Portland, Maine every year. The organizer, Nono Mukwayanzo is a Congolese immigrant and he sees it as a way to promote community and educate others about his culture.
Incomplete: a story in sound
When gods mess with mortals, destined soul mates will become separated in different dimensions in this experimental radio drama.


text:
The making of images allows one to see how very diverse cultures represent the similarities and differences they see in their surroundings. The resulting images correspond to four contrasting views of the world found in the works of the five continents: Animism, naturalism, totemism, and analogism.
This surprising journey through the unexplored domain of representation introduces a selection of different types of works, chosen irrespectively of their space/time categorisations. As the reader turns the pages, they will discover how the most familiar and the most enigmatic images present different ways of experiencing the world.
224 Pages • 24 x 26 cm • 35,50€
Co-published by musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac / Somogy 2010


text:
One of the most important features of this universal object is it's ability to display not only a static text, but expressions as well. Expressions can be located in the object together with text. Let us examine a simple example of how it can be performed. Put the following line into the object:
Hello, World! Today is [DATE].
Thus, when running the report, we can get something like follows:
Hello, World! Today is 01.01.2004.
What lead to such result? During FastReport report building, if an expression enclosed in square brackets is encountered, the engine calculates it's value and inserts the value into the text (in place of the expression). The "Text" object can contain any number of expressions, together with a usual text. Both single variables and expressions can be enclosed in brackets (for example, [1+2*(3+4)]). Any constants, variables, functions, and DB fields can be used in expressions. We will learn more about these features later, in the chapter.
FastReport automatically recognizes expressions enclosed in square brackets in the text. But what should be done if our object contains square brackets, and we do not want them to be considered as expressions? For example, if we need to display such text as following:
a := 10
FastReport considers as an expression, and displays the following:
a1 := 10
that is not what we want, of course. One of the ways to avoid such a situation is to disable the expression. Just disable the "AllowExpressions" property ("Allow Expressions" in the context menu), therefore all the expressions in the text will be ignored. In our example, FastReport would then display exactly what we need:
a := 10
Sometimes text is required to contain both an expression and a text in square brackets, for example:
a := [myVar]
Disabling of an expression allows us to display square brackets in the required place, but it also disables handling of expression. In this case, FastReport allows you to use another set of symbols to designate the expression. The "ExpressionDelimiters" property, which is equal to "[,]" by default, is responsible for it. In this case, the user can use angular brackets for the expressions, instead of square ones:
a :=
The "<,>" value must be set in the "ExpressionDelimiters" property. As you can see, the comma divides opening and closing symbols. There is one limitation however: the opening and closing symbols cannot be similar, so "%,%" will not work. One can set several symbols, for example "<%,%>" Thus, our example will look as follows:
a := <%myVar%>


text:
What is a Tree Protection Zone
The Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) is the means by which we protect trees on development sites and should protect both roots and crown spread simultaneously. The TPZ should be considered as sacrosanct, that is it should be isolated from any construction disturbance unless previously agreed with the Project Arborist. The dimensions of the TPZ are determined from the Diameter of the Tree at Breast Height (DBH)
What is the Structural Root Zone
The Structural Root Zone (SRZ) is an area considered essential for tree stability: loss of roots in this area are likely to cause the tree to become unstable in the ground. The SRZ should only be calculated if major disturbance of the TPZ is being considered. The dimensions of the SRZ are determined from the Diameter of the Tree taken above the root flare.


A Study on the Adaptability of College Students' Ideological and Political Education under the Environment of New Media
New media has rapidly become the important way of college students' school life and interpersonal communication for its fast spread, strong interaction, and universality. When the new media provides hope and opportunities for the ideological and political work in colleges and universities, it also brings impacts and challenges to the traditional way of education. Colleges and universities ought to actively seek for strategies of the adaptability of ideological and political education under the era of new media by strengthening the building of staff, improving political consciousness, building college new media platform, reinforcing college students media literacy education and introducing the new field of college ideological and political education.
Wang Cuiting, Zhu Shasha


RSyslog Documentation
imudp: UDP Syslog Input Module
Module Name:imudp
Author:Rainer Gerhards <>
Provides the ability to receive syslog messages via UDP.
Multiple receivers may be configured by specifying multiple input statements.
Note that in order to enable UDP reception, Firewall rules probably need to be modified as well. Also, SELinux may need additional rules.
Notable Features
Configuration Parameters
Parameter names are case-insensitive.
Module Parameters
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This is a performance optimization. Getting the system time is very costly. With this setting, imudp can be instructed to obtain the precise time only once every n-times. This logic is only activated if messages come in at a very fast rate, so doing less frequent time calls should usually be acceptable. The default value is two, because we have seen that even without optimization the kernel often returns twice the identical time. You can set this value as high as you like, but do so at your own risk. The higher the value, the less precise the timestamp.
Note: the timeRequery is done based on executed system calls (not messages received). So when batch sizes are used, multiple messages are received with one system call. All of these messages always receive the same timestamp, as they are effectively received at the same time. When there is very high traffic and successive system calls immediately return the next batch of messages, the time requery logic kicks in, which means that by default time is only queried for every second batch. Again, this should not cause a too-much deviation as it requires messages to come in very rapidly. However, we advise not to set the "timeRequery" parameter to a large value (larger than 10) if input batches are used.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Can be used the set the scheduler priority, if the necessary functionality is provided by the platform. Most useful to select "fifo" for real-time processing under Linux (and thus reduce chance of packet loss). Other options are "rr" and "other".
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Scheduling priority to use.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This parameter is only meaningful if the system support recvmmsg() (newer Linux OSs do this). The parameter is silently ignored if the system does not support it. If supported, it sets the maximum number of UDP messages that can be obtained with a single OS call. For systems with high UDP traffic, a relatively high batch size can reduce system overhead and improve performance. However, this parameter should not be overdone. For each buffer, max message size bytes are statically required. Also, a too-high number leads to reduced efficiency, as some structures need to be completely initialized before the OS call is done. We would suggest to not set it above a value of 128, except if experimental results show that this is useful.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.5.5.
Number of worker threads to process incoming messages. These threads are utilized to pull data off the network. On a busy system, additional threads (but not more than there are CPUs/Cores) can help improving performance and avoiding message loss. Note that with too many threads, performance can suffer. There is a hard upper limit on the number of threads that can be defined. Currently, this limit is set to 32. It may increase in the future when massive multicore processors become available.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.37.0.
This parameter is for controlling the case in fromhost. If preservecase is set to "on", the case in fromhost is preserved. E.g., 'Host1.Example.Org' when the message was received from 'Host1.Example.Org'. Default to "off" for the backword compatibility.
Input Parameters
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Local IP address (or name) the UDP server should bind to. Use "*" to bind to all of the machine's addresses.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Specifies the port the server shall listen to.. Either a single port can be specified or an array of ports. If multiple ports are specified, a listener will be automatically started for each port. Thus, no additional inputs need to be configured.
Single port: Port="514"
Array of ports: Port=["514","515","10514","…"]
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.18.0.
Manages the IP_FREEBIND option on the UDP socket, which allows binding it to an IP address that is nonlocal or not (yet) associated to any network interface.
The parameter accepts the following values:
 - 0 - does not enable the IP_FREEBIND option on the UDP socket. If the bind() call fails because of EADDRNOTAVAIL error, socket initialization fails.
 - 1 - silently enables the IP_FREEBIND socket option if it is required to successfully bind the socket to a nonlocal address.
 - 2 - enables the IP_FREEBIND socket option and warns when it is used to successfully bind the socket to a nonlocal address.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Bind socket to given device (e.g., eth0)
For Linux with VRF support, the Device option can be used to specify the VRF for the Address.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Binds the listener to a specific ruleset.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.1.
The rate-limiting interval in seconds. Value 0 turns off rate limiting. Set it to a number of seconds (5 recommended) to activate rate-limiting.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.1.
Specifies the rate-limiting burst in number of messages.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.3.3.
Specifies the value of the inputname property. In older versions, this was always "imudp" for all listeners, which still is the default. Starting with 7.3.9 it can be set to different values for each listener. Note that when a single input statement defines multiple listener ports, the inputname will be the same for all of them. If you want to differentiate in that case, use "name.appendPort" to make them unique. Note that the "name" parameter can be an empty string. In that case, the corresponding inputname property will obviously also be the empty string. This is primarily meant to be used together with "name.appendPort" to set the inputname equal to the port.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.9.
Appends the port the inputname property. Note that when no "name" is specified, the default of "imudp" is used and the port is appended to that default. So, for example, a listener port of 514 in that case will lead to an inputname of "imudp514". The ability to append a port is most useful when multiple ports are defined for a single input and each of the inputnames shall be unique. Note that there currently is no differentiation between IPv4/v6 listeners on the same port.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This is an experimental parameter; details may change at any time and it may also be discontinued without any early warning. Permits to set a default timezone for this listener. This is useful when working with legacy syslog (RFC3164 et al) residing in different timezones. If set it will be used as timezone for all messages that do not contain timezone info. Currently, the format must be "+/-hh:mm", e.g. "-05:00", "+01:30". Other formats, including TZ names (like EST) are NOT yet supported. Note that consequently no daylight saving settings are evaluated when working with timezones. If an invalid format is used, "interesting" things can happen, among them malformed timestamps and rsyslogd segfaults. This will obviously be changed at the time this feature becomes non-experimental.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.9.
This request a socket receive buffer of specific size from the operating system. It is an expert parameter, which should only be changed for a good reason. Note that setting this parameter disables Linux auto-tuning, which usually works pretty well. The default value is 0, which means "keep the OS buffer size unchanged". This is a size value. So in addition to pure integer values, sizes like "256k", "1m" and the like can be specified. Note that setting very large sizes may require root or other special privileges. Also note that the OS may slightly adjust the value or shrink it to a system-set max value if the user is not sufficiently privileged. Technically, this parameter will result in a setsockopt() call with SO_RCVBUF (and SO_RCVBUFFORCE if it is available). (Maximum Value: 1G)
Statistic Counter
If an "inputname" is defined for a listener, that inputname is used instead of "imudp" as statistic name. For example, if the inputname is set to "myudpinut", that corresponding statistic name in above case would be "myudpinput(*:514)". This has been introduced in 7.5.3.
The following properties are maintained for each listener:
 - submitted - total number of messages submitted for processing since startup
The worker thread (in short: worker) statistic is named "imudp(wX)" where "X" is the worker thread ID, which is an monotonically increasing integer starting at 0. This means the first worker


How to get feats in DnD 5e: a simple guide
Medieval Knight – Jousting. Castle Gniew. Poland.
When playing Dungeons & Dragons (DnD), you'll want to find all the possible ways to improve the power levels and capabilities of your character. There are many ways in which you can do this, and one of them, known as 'feats,' allows you to improve their abilities and roleplaying. This is an optional gameplay rule that is noted in the Player's Handbook.
How do you get feats in DnD 5e? There are multiple ways you can get feats throughout the game:
 - Have a Dungeon Master that allows them/plays house rules
 - Become a Variant Human at Level 1
 - Gain feats every time you have an ability score improvement
We will dive into the details of each of these options for using feats in DnD 5e and how they can help enhance gameplay with your character. Because this is an optional rule in the game, not all players use them, and your ability to do so will be largely based on your Dungeon Master and the rules they have established for the group.
Ways to Get Feats in DnD 5e
Feats can make your DnD experience more exciting by allowing your character to do things outside of their traditional abilities and roles. This is a feature in the game that can result in more combative and successful gameplay.
What Are Feats in DnD 5e?
According to the DnD Player's Handbook, a feat "represents a talent or an area of expertise that gives a character special capabilities. It embodies training, experience, and abilities beyond what a class provides." You can find this on page 165 in the Player's HandbookOpens in a new tab..
Feats give characters additional abilities that transcend their race or class. When a character has an ability to gain a feat, they are doing this instead of choosing a new feature or an ability score increase. Unlike features, different classes can access feats that are not specific to their race or class.
While features will enhance the abilities of your character, you may choose a feat instead because it provides additional advantages beyond the feature or ability increase score itself. They can lead to increased levels of customization that traditional features and traits cannot achieve.
How Can You Get Feats in DnD 5e?
There are multiple ways in which you can get feats in DnD 5e, and you may choose one path or another based on the type of character you want, the rules of the game, and your priorities in gameplay.
These are the different ways in which you can get feats in the game:
 1. Dungeon Master rules: Dungeons & Dragons is refereed and moderated by dungeon masters (DMs) that will set the rules for the players. The ability to use and gain feats within the game will be dictated by the DM, and you must make sure they include this optional rule in their game.
 If they are not allowing them (many will), you will have to stick to more traditional methods to increase your character's capabilities. If your DM plays specific house rules, they can just give all characters feats in the first level.
 2. Become a Variant Human: Characters typically are not allowed to use feats at Level 1 unless they are Variant Humans. You will gain a feat, but this only occurs with the creation of your character. If you are looking to build the power of your character, consider a Variant Human race when playing. This will depend on if your DM allows variant traits within your game.
 3. Ability Score Improvement: For all characters, there are key points at which you can gain feats, and this is whenever your character is eligible for an ability score increase. Instead of opting for an additional feature, you can choose a feat (which may give you more than the value of the feature). Ability score improvements occur at levels 4, 8, 12, 16, and 19 (at every 4 levels or when your character is eligible).
It is important to note that some feats will require specific prerequisites in order for your character to be eligible. If you do not qualify, you will not be able to take advantage of gaining the feat. If at any point, during the game, you no longer have the prerequisite, you will not be able to use the feat (even if you already have it).
Most feats are only designed to be taken advantage of once unless the feat specifies other rules. The Player's Handbook is the best place to find these specifics if your DM chooses to play with feats during the campaign.
Types of Feats in DnD 5e
There are a wide variety of feats that can allow you to customize your character in ways that go beyond the traditional features and ability increases that apply to your class or race. With this optional gameplay rule, your character's capabilities can improve substantially.
These are the major categories of feats and how they can help your character during play:
 - Combat Feats: These can be broken down even further into attacking and defensive, but they are all feats designed to assist your character in fighting or combat situations. These will give you additional weapons or shields (or expands their powers) in combative situations that you wouldn't have access to otherwise.
 - Roleplaying Feats: The most general and broad category of ability options, these feats can help to increase overall playing ability and character customization across a wide range of player attributes. Typically, these apply outside of fighting situations.
 - Health Feats: These feats are particularly helpful in keeping your character at full health. You may have the ability to heal yourself or others in combat or other threats posed to your well-being.
 - Spell Feats: As these suggest, they are related to magic and can be used in a variety of situations. Many of these feats have a prerequisite of being able to cast spells.
HereOpens in a new tab. you can find a useful list of the feats and their descriptions as well as rules associated with each of them. This can help you decide which feats will be helpful to your character and help them to excel in the game. It may be beneficial to review these feats before selecting your character to see which ones you would be best suited for.
Why Use Feats in DnD 5e?
If feats are an optional rule, why should you consider taking advantage of them? Well, they add another layer to the game. Many DMs allow them but ask players to incorporateOpens in a new tab. ones that fall into the storyline of their characters rather than using them solely to build power. Some DMs will not allow for specific feats but are perfectly fine with characters using others.
Feats can be a really cool addition to the rules set out by the DM because they enhance character abilities and customization and force players to make choices within the game. They enable the game to reach more exciting levels from a combat perspective as players have more tools in their arsenal for the character to use.
Feats usually offer more capabilities and powers than choosing features or increasing your character's ability score. You may receive all the benefits of a feature plus a bit more when you select a feat.
Getting Feats in DnD 5e
From the perspective of the player, getting feats can make your character more dynamic during play. For DMs, allowing feats offers more options and possibilities for players, which can make the overall atmosphere more engaging! Make sure you check in with your DM to see if feats are allowed and then strategize at power-ups to take advantage of their unique possibilities.
Jousting – Medieval Knights © Argestes |
ID 170745614 © Yaroslav Veretin |
Recent Content


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Turtles in super flat will wander around aimlessly, but will attempt to stay near water. They will hide inside their shell if any creature larger than them gets too close. When hiding in their shell, they are resistant to nearly any type of attack. You can flip a turtle onto its back by right-clicking it. The poor creatures are completely vulnerable while on their back, and will take a while to roll over again. right clicking a turtle with a pickaxe hides its name and health bar and a medallion will change its name.Turtles are unique in the fact that they drop man-made objects when they are killed.
They drop chests in Yogbox.
To tame a turtle, drop (Q by default) sugarcane or melon nearby. Once tamed, turtles can be named, will follow the player, and grow slowly over time. Right clicking a tame turtle with anything but a pickaxe or Medallion will put it on your head. If a turtle is injured and you have sugarcane, put it onto your head and right click it with sugarcane in your hands. It will eat the sugarcane and will regain its health. If you have a turtle on your head and you're on a horse, like bunnies, the horse will go a lot faster. If you have a turtle on your head and you go through an opening 2 bricks high, the turtle will die.
They are most likely to spawn in a swamp, or near sugarcane. You can increase their spawning numbers in the options.


is also used during the rainy season to catch migratory juvenile fishes as they swim in water that flows. This is referred to as 'gala' in Hausa. The instrument of ara is said to be introduced to Kebbi fishermen by the Sorko and Zarma fishermen much later. According to Harris (1942: 28) the ara was not in use throughout Kebbi prior to colonial administration in the kebbi area. It gained wider acceptance not only in Kebbi, but also in most parts of Hausa land.
3.2.3 Mamari and Kamba. (Hooks & Line And Hook Sticks)
 Mamari is the Zarma word for hook.[1] Kamba[2] refers to a short stick that is used in arranging the line on which the hooks are tied. The hooks are arranged on the stick for easy spread in water, so much so that it is not intricately interwoven to warrant hardship in using the gear in the future. From enquiries made, it is understood that the word mamari is derived from Zarma language. The Hausa word for mamari is 'Ƙugiya'. In Argungu, the entire Kebbi, and most parts of Hausaland, especially Zamfara, the hook is called 'mamari' which was borrowed from the Zarma language.
 Kamba is derived from the Zarma word 'kambe' which stands for hand. To fully neologize the word into Hausa, it went through transformation where the last 'e' vowel was substituted with 'a' vowel. In Zarma, the phrase 'mamari kambe' is translated literally as a 'hand of mamari'.[3] It is figuratively coined because the length of the stick called 'kamba' is almost the length of a hand from the ankle to the fingers hence the reason for the phrase, 'mamari kambe'.
 This a part, the leadership structure of the artisanal fishing in Kebbi includes in its line of authority, the title of Kamba who is the head and leader of all the fishermen whose instrument or gear of operation is line and hook known in Hausa as 'Ƙugiya'. The title is a derivation from the name of the gear which emphatically is of Zarma origin. It suffices for one to assert that if Kebbi/Dosso alliance and relationship is not an intimate and strong one, this cultural and linguistic borrowing of terms in fishing as a local craft wouldn't have suffice up to the present.
3.3 Impacts on Water Rituals
 Fishing is an important craft that takes place only in areas with abundant surface water which could be rivers, lakes, streams, or ponds. It involves entry into the water with the intent to catch fish for food, for commercial purpose or for some parts of the fish to be used in preparing local concoctions for the cure of illnesses and for other traditional medical purposes.
 Water is known to be an abode to vicious and dangerous animals like the hippopotamus or reptiles like the crocodile. It is also a dwelling place for spirits that may be harmful to humans. It is in realization of these dangers that the artisanal fishermen engage in a number of water rituals so as to ward off evil and avoid danger of water accidents. The ritual may be 'ɗaurin ruwa' which is done to seek for protection and safety in fishing, from the beginning to the end of a fishing expedition. There is also the 'tsaraka' ritual purposely done to invoke good luck and enhance big catch during fishing. There is also the 'Ƙulle ruwa' ritual which is done with the intent to prevent or deny a rival from making catches during fishing. Though it is a pure display of voodoo and African medicine, it involves the invocation or recitation of some incantations in the form of abracadabra which is a mixture of words from different languages that are often without meaning. Greater number of these incantations invoked by the Kebbi and largely Hausa fishermen for the purpose of offering rituals of this nature are derived from the Zarma language. They may not be necessarily meaningful words in Zarma language but they rhyme with the words in Zarma. One example of the incantations will suffice here. It is recited when one intends to literarily lock the water i.e wards off evil spirits and harmful water animals. One will recite:
 Bismillahi langwarmai,
 Kwarma gwarmai,
 Mainan jaboga
 Barnan jaboga.
 Alako akwai ijikwai jaboga
 Ai sanka karai, ainan tinti da.
 Ai nan wai banda kulma da.[4]
 This is in fact not the only aspect of fishing in which the Zarma language has impact in the Sarkanci of Kebbi. Sarkanci as a craft that is dominated by the male folk, has its own form of oral literature in form of oral songs which are composed in praise of those who show high commitment and have excelled and are successful in it. The persons to whom the songs are sang resort to the chanting of personal epithets in which they praise themselves. This is known as kirari in Hausa. Most fishermen in the course of chanting their personal praises tend to employ the use of words that rhyme with the Zarma words just as cited above. A good example is the personal epithet of one Alu Danhoma of Bubuce village. It has code mixtures of Hausa and Zarma words as pointed out by Argungu (2007:153). It goes thus:
Bismillahi Rabbina na hwara
Islande biga ai Annabin Sulaima kwaiga
 Ai hwantimi ai dosine ai gisi
 Ai hwargo ai Harakwai maiga
 Gindi gura, kwamba gura sidisi gimbiya
 Sinisigi ɗigi kwanda harago kwanga
 Ni gimbiya ma minde
 Ni shalshabani shalshabani kanda ishirin
 Iskwai Dandi iskwai danga
 Ai Annabi lango-lango ko har abada
 Kuwara ta yi kwadarko
Kuwara ta yi kwadarko
Kwaɗɗo ya wuce shi giwayo tabki
 The question one is likely to ask is why a fisherman from the Hausa tribe should go to the extent of code mixing his own language with a language he does not even understand. This really point to the fact that at one time in history, there was a strong bond of relationship between the people of Kebbi and Dosso. The bond was so cordial and intimate to warrant a lot of borrowings and usages of some lexical items in the area of fishing. It is the Hausa that benefitted because the 'Sorko' has a superior civilization in the field of fishing as such, they seems to make impacts into the aspect of fishing in kebbi.
 3.4 Names of Water Spirits
 Prior to their contact with any civilization whether from the West or the East, the Hausa people to which the inhabitants of Kebbi belong have strong belief in the existence of the Spirits which cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is believed also that water bodies are one of the abode of these creatures. Hausa people believe in the spirits like 'Jittakuku', 'Zodo', 'Tamashaya', 'Hajiruwa' and hosts of others believed to inhabits the waters in which fishing is conducted. To these Spirits, some offerings and sacrifices were made in the olden days, in order to appease them. That was why before the emergence of Islamic revivalist movement of the revered Sheikh Usmanu bn Fodio, the Bori cult enjoys quite a large number of adherents not only in Kebbi but in almost every part of Hausa land.
 The relationship between Kebbi and Dosso paved the way for increase contact and mutual understanding between the political leadership and the subjects. This led to further understanding and acceptance of the Spirits that are believed to be Zarma. Gobir (2002:26) has advanced a list of Spirits which are believed to be Zarma and to which the Hausa fisherman also has conviction. They are Sulaimanu, Baba Dango, Harkwai, Markwai, Dango Musa and Garkame. Some of these Spirits termed as Zarma are believed to inhabit the fishing water as such are strongly revered and appeased by the fishermen. These Spirits are Harkwai and Markwai who are most often made mention of by the fishermen in their self epithets. An extract from the 'Kirari' epithet of Alu Danhoma Bubuce, cited in Argungu (2008:151) will be a testimony to this assertion. It reads:
 Na yi sallama gidanka Harakwai
 Ko da niy yi sallama kak karɓa
 Ka ba ni babban kina
 ko ko ka ni babban nagge
Ya ce ka ga saniya na baka.
4.0 Conclusion
 This paper has attempted an explicit description of how the alignment and cordial relationship between two neighbours from the divide of Nigeria and Niger became beneficial to the aspects of artisanal fishery particularly in Kebbi and in Hausa land generally. The relationship


an error only if it can't find ls in any of those directories. This is also great for multiplatform support -- your program doesn't have to be coded to know about the different CPU names, it just finds the executable.
What if you do something like this?
Does it search the environment? No. You told execlp() to use an explicit pathname, which overrides the normal PATH searching rule. If it doesn't find ls in /bin that's it, no other attempts are made (this is identical to the way execl() works in this case).
Is it dangerous to mix an explicit path with a plain command name (e.g., the path argument /bin/ls, and the command name argument ls, instead of /bin/ls)? This is usually pretty safe, because:
The only compelling reason for specifying the full pathname for the first argument is that the program can print out diagnostics including this first argument, which can instantly tell you where the program was invoked from. This may be important when the program can be found in multiple locations along the PATH.
The spawn() functions all have an extra parameter; in all the above examples, I've always specified P_WAIT. There are four flags you can pass to spawn() to change its behavior:
The calling process (your program) is blocked until the newly created program has run to completion and exited.
The calling program doesn't block while the newly created program runs. This allows you to start a program in the background, and continue running while the other program does its thing.
Identical to P_NOWAIT, except that the SPAWN_NOZOMBIE flag is set, meaning that you don't have to worry about doing a waitpid() to clear the process's exit code.
This flag turns the spawn() call into the corresponding exec() call! Your program transforms into the specified program, with no change in process ID.
It's generally clearer to use the exec() call if that's what you meant -- it saves the maintainer of the software from having to look up P_OVERLAY in the C Library Reference!
"plain" spawn()
As we mentioned above, all spawn() functions eventually call the plain spawn() function. Here's the prototype for the spawn() function:
_TAG_
spawn (const char *path,
 int fd_count,
 const int fd_map [],
 const struct inheritance *inherit,
 char * const argv [],
 char * const envp []);
We can immediately dispense with the path, argv, and envp parameters -- we've already seen those above as representing the location of the executable (the path member), the argument vector (argv), and the environment (envp).
The fd_count and fd_map parameters go together. If you specify zero for fd_count, then fd_map is ignored, and it means that all file descriptors (except those modified by fcntl()'s FD_CLOEXEC flag) will be inherited in the newly created process. If the fd_count is non-zero, then it indicates the number of file descriptors contained in fd_map; only the specified ones will be inherited.
The inherit parameter is a pointer to a structure that contains a set of flags, signal masks, and so on. For more details, you should consult the Neutrino Library Reference.
Starting a process with the fork() call
Suppose you want to create a new process that's identical to the currently running process and have it run concurrently. You could approach this with a spawn() (and the P_NOWAIT parameter), giving the newly created process enough information about the exact state of your process so it could set itself up. However, this can be extremely complicated; describing the "current state" of the process can involve lots of data.
There is an easier way -- the fork() function, which duplicates the current process. All the code is the same, and the data is the same as the creating (or parent) process's data.
Of course, it's impossible to create a process that's identical in every way to the parent process. Why? The most obvious difference between these two processes is going to be the process ID -- we can't create two processes with the same process ID. If you look at fork()'s documentation in the Neutrino Library Reference, you'll see that there is a list of differences between the two processes. You should read this list to be sure that you know these differences if you plan to use fork().
If both sides of a fork() look alike, how do you tell them apart? When you call fork(), you create another process executing the same code at the same location (i.e., both are about to return from the fork() call) as the parent process. Let's look at some sample code:
int main (int argc, char **argv)
 int retval;
 printf ("This is most definitely the parent process\n");
 fflush (stdout);
 retval = fork ();
 printf ("Which process printed this?\n");
 return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
After the fork() call, both processes are going to execute the second printf() call! If you run this program, it prints something like this:
This is most definitely the parent process
Which process printed this?
Which process printed this?
Both processes print the second line.
The only way to tell the two processes apart is the fork() return value in retval. In the newly created child process, retval is zero; in the parent process, retval is the child's process ID.
Clear as mud? Here's another code snippet to clarify:
printf ("The parent is pid %d\n", getpid ());
fflush (stdout);
if (child_pid = fork ()) {
 printf ("This is the parent, child pid is %d\n",
} else {
 printf ("This is the child, pid is %d\n",
 getpid ());
This program will print something like:
The parent is pid 4496
This is the parent, child pid is 8197
This is the child, pid is 8197
You can tell which process you are (the parent or the child) after the fork() by looking at fork()'s return value.
Starting a process with the vfork() call
The vfork() function can be a lot less resource intensive than the plain fork(), because it shares the parent's address space.
The vfork() function creates a child, but then suspends the parent thread until the child calls exec() or exits (via exit() and friends). Additionally, vfork() will work on physical memory model systems, whereas fork() can't -- fork() needs to create the same address space, which just isn't possible in a physical memory model.
Process creation and threads
Suppose you have a process and you haven't created any threads yet (i.e., you're running with one thread, the one that called main()). When you call fork(), another process is created, also with one thread. This is the simple case.
Now suppose that in your process, you've called pthread_create() to create another thread. When you call fork(), it will now return ENOSYS (meaning that the function is not supported)! Why?
Well, believe it or not, this is POSIX compatible -- POSIX says that fork() can return ENOSYS. What actually happens is this: the Neutrino C library isn't built to handle the forking of a process with threads. When you call pthread_create(), the pthread_create() function sets a flag, effectively saying, "Don't let this process fork(), because I'm not prepared to handle it." Then, in the library fork() function, this flag is checked, and, if set, causes fork() to return ENOSYS.
The reason this is intentionally done has to do with threads and mutexes. If this restriction weren't in place (and it may be lifted in a future release) the newly created process would have the same number of threads as the original process. This is what you'd expect. However, the complication occurs because some of the original threads may own mutexes. Since the newly created process has the identical contents of the data space of the original process, the library would have to keep track of which mutexes were owned by which threads in the original process, and then duplicate that ownership in the new process. This isn't impossible -- there's a function called pthread_atfork() that allows a process to deal with this; however, the functionality of calling pthread_atfork() isn't being used by all the mutexes in the Neutrino C library as of this writing.
So what should you use?
Obviously, if you're porting existing code, you'll want to use whatever the existing code uses. For new code, you should avoid fork() if at all possible. Here's why:
The choice between vfork() and the spawn() family boils down to portability, and what you want the child and parent to be doing. The vfork() function will pause until the child calls exec() or exits, whereas the spawn() family of functions can allow both to run concurrently. The vfork() function, however, is subtly different between operating systems.
Starting a thread
Now that we've seen how to start another process, let's see how to start another thread.
Any thread can create another thread in the same process; there are no restrictions (short of memory space, of course!). The most common way of doing this is via the POSIX pthread_create() call:
_TAG_
pthread_create (pthread_t *thread,
 const pthread_attr_t *attr,
 void *(*start_routine) (void *),
 void *arg);
The pthread_create() function takes four arguments:
a pointer to a pthread_t where the thread ID is stored
an attributes structure
the routine where the thread begins
an argument passed to the thread's


Clyde Windfarm
Clyde is the largest wind farm in the UK and CDTS were contracted by Blackwells to hydroseed over 1 million m2 of special moorland grasses.
Hydroseeding was used to restore the soil disturbed by the installation of the turbinesand the areas adjacent to the access tracks. Due to the environmentally sensitive nature of the site, a site specific seed mix was formulated based on the local species found in the vicinity of the wind farm. The mix contained Heathers, Bilberries and moorland grasses like Cotton Grass.
CDTS carried out the hydroseeding using their largest hydroseeder a 6000lt, self propelled, four wheel drive unit, which was ideally suited to the conditions due to its ability to manoeuvre around site safely and hydroseed up to 30,000m2 per day. This contract has been successfully completed.


text:
From Old French paternal ("of a father") (12c.), a learned borrowing from Vulgar Latin paternālis ("paternal"), from Classical Latin paternus ("of or pertaining to a father, paternal"), from pater ("father").
- Of or pertaining to one's father, his genes, his relatives, or his side of a family
- paternal grandfather
- Fatherly; behaving as or characteristic of a father.
- Received or inherited from one's father.
- their small paternal field of corn
- Acting as a father
- paternal filicide
- maternal – mother
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
paternal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular paternale)
- English: paternal
paternal (plural paternales)


text:
Stallhagen DiscGolfPark (copy)
- course classification: B1
- amount of holes: 9
- total length: 738 m (63–140 m/per hole)
- par (ideal result): 28 throws
Disc golf is a game suitable for all ages and genders. The main idea of disc golf is the same as in traditional golf. The player who gets through the course with the least amount of throws wins. Disc golf is played with plastic discs instead of balls and clubs. Instead of holes, there are disc golf targets.
1. The main objective is to get the disc from the tee into the target with the least amount of throws possible.
2. After the initial throws off the tee the player who is the furthest away from the target throws first. Play continues from where the disc came to rest. The player throws as many throws as needed to get the disc into the target.
3. The hole is finished when the disc is inside the target.
4. Please pay attention also to other players on the course and leave the course tidy for others to enjoy.
INFO FOR PLAYERS
- You are responsible for your throws. When hitting people or obstacles, the disc can cause serious damage.
- Before you throw, make sure that there is nobody in the near the direction of your throw.
THROWING DURING ROUND
- Don't throw, if you can't see the target. Make sure the hole is clear before you throw.
- Don't throw if there's even a possibility of hitting people or animals.


Quick Answer: What Do The Irish Say Before Drinking?
How do you pronounce Slainte?
The word is pronounced as [SLAHN-chə] where the t is silent.
It should sound like slawn-che..
What are some good Irish sayings?
What is the Irish word for cheers?
What are some Irish blessings?
What do the Irish say when they drink?
Standard Cheers. Exclaim "Sláinte!" This is the closest term you can use to toast someone "cheers!" in Irish Gaelic. More accurately, the term "sláinte" translates into the English term "health." When using this term, you are essentially toasting to someone's health. Pronounce this Irish term as slawn-cha.
What are some Irish toasts?
Toastmasters' Top Ten Irish Toasts"May your troubles be less, and your blessings be more. … "To all the days here and after, may they be filled with fond memories, happiness and laughter.""May the best day of your past be the worst day of your future.""Always remember to forget the things that made you sad.More items…•
What is the famous Irish prayer?
What is an Irish blessing?
"May joy and peace surround you, contentment latch your door, and happiness be with you now and bless you evermore!" "May the road rise up to meet you. May the wind always be at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face, and rains fall soft upon your fields.
What does Slangevar mean?
slangevar rate. (Scottish Gaelic) cheers good health. slangevar rate. (Expression) to good health; to your health.
What does Yaki dah mean in Welsh?
Welsh. Used to express good wishes before drinking. 'The Welsh toast 'Iechyd da' meaning 'Good Health' takes on a new meaning for cider drinkers, as scientists now say that cider could have health benefits.


text:
OK State Dept of Ed sent this bulletin at 09/21/2012 05:11 PM CDT
Think Through Math is FREE to all Schools!!!
We are excited to announce that the Oklahoma State Department of Education is making Think Through Math available to all schools in Oklahoma for free.All Oklahoma schools can now take advantage of this award-winning math program for their students in grades 4 – 8 at absolutely no cost whatsoever.
Think Through Math is a research-based math intervention system designed to support students who are struggling with mathematics. The program transitions students to the rigor of the Common Core State Standards and prepares them for Algebra and beyond. Think Through Math uses a powerful blend of Web-based, adaptive instruction and LIVE, state-credentialed teachers, Think Through Math transforms the way students think about–and think through–mathematics.
For more information on Think Through Math, click HERE
All professional development for using Think Through Math is also available at no cost.You can get started by using the embedded support, including videos, webinars and a support forum, available on the teacher and administrator portals.If you are interested in getting an account, please contact Emily Robertson, Lead Program Manager-Oklahoma.
Coming Soon: The Social Studies Implementation Guide
With the initial implementation of the recently adopted Oklahoma C3 Standards for the Social Studies, the Oklahoma State Department of Education's Office of Instruction anticipates the release of the Oklahoma C3 Standards for the Social Studies Implementation Guide within the next two weeks. The new standards can be accessed on the Department's Website at _URL_
The Implementation Guide will contain the following:
Civic mission of social studies education in Oklahoma
Overview of social studies
Coherency Storyline used to develop the new standards
Changes to the standards from the old Social Studies Priority Academic Student Skills
Role of the Common Core State Literacy Standards for History/Social Studies in elementary and secondary levels
Building Academic Vocabulary (BAV) strategies and word lists for social studies based upon the new standards
A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section covering questions about the new standards, student assessment for 2012-2013, and resources along with suggestions for noting the new standards in lesson plans and curriculum maps will be included. The guide will be posted on the Oklahoma State Department of Education's Social Studies Webpage _URL_ Once the Implementation Guide is accessible, teachers will be informed through the Social Studies ListServ and the REAC3H Network's newsletter.
For information regarding the new Oklahoma C3 Standards for the Social Studies contact Mr. Kelly Curtright, Director for Social Studies Education at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.
Social Studies: It Counts!
The Oklahoma Council for the Social Studies is hosting the Fall 2012 Conference, Social Studies: It Counts! The conference is scheduled for Friday and Saturday, September 28-29, 2012 at the Moore Norman Technology Center – S. Penn Campus, 13301 South Penn, OKC, OK 73170. On Friday the conference will focus on helping secondary teachers, Grades 6-12, implement the new literacy standards for reading and writing in social studies classrooms. Saturday the breakout sessions will be wider in scope and topics for elementary through high school. Since this school year is the social studies textbook adoption, textbook publishers and other exhibitors will be onsite both days.


class Ens.BPL.While extends Ens.BPL.Activity
This provides the ability to perform a series of activities whilst a condition remains true
Property Inventory (Including Private)
Method Inventory (Including Private)
property Activities as Ens.BPL.ActivityList;
This holds the Activity list which represents the loop body
Property methods: ActivitiesGet(), ActivitiesGetSwizzled(), ActivitiesIsValid(), ActivitiesNewObject(), ActivitiesSet()
property Condition as %String;
This holds the condition which controls the loop
Property methods: ConditionDisplayToLogical(), ConditionGet(), ConditionIsValid(), ConditionLogicalToDisplay(), ConditionLogicalToOdbc(), ConditionNormalize(), ConditionSet()
private method %OnNew(initvalue As %RawString) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
method GenerateCode(pCompiler As Ens.BPL.Compiler) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
method GenerateXML(pStream As %BinaryStream) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
Inherited description: This generates the common XML attributes for this Activity
method Validate(ByRef pStatus As %Status, pContext As Ens.BPL.ValidationContext) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
Perform a sanity check on the nodes in the parse tree
private method activityName() as %String [ Language = objectscript ]
Provide a user readable string which names the activity
Inherited Members
Inherited Properties (Including Private)
Inherited Methods (Including Private)


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in cooperation with
The continual process of growth is something which generally escapes our ordinary senses. It is something which can be recognised only over an extended period of time. If a person takes care of a plant, they recognise growth over a period of days or weeks, this application transfers the growth of the plant into a medium which we are always able to interpret, that of an ever changing soundscape.
Through the installation, the growth of the grass generates different electrical pulses similar to heartbeats. The more advanced the growth of the plant, the slower and stronger the pulse develops.
The application consists of three physical layers, the top layer is the growing grass and beneath it the root system, below these is the technology which measures the growth and generates the sound. Over time, and with care and attention, the roots grow more and more, creating a complex root-system. A microcontroller is able to measure the conductivity of the root system, the growing media and the solutions of nutrients which surround them and when coupled with an amplifier, generates clicks and pulses in different frequencies. Care, light, nutrients and water, as well as the sequence of connectivity between the growing elements of the grass are thus responsible for creating the ever changing and growing soundscape.
This prototype tries to compare nature and technology to point out parallels. It allows us to pay attention to things which would seem unimportant or unperceivable to us without such a device.
Fritzing Creator Kit


Frank: A Musical Journey
What Music Did Frank Sinatra Listen to?
When Frank Sinatra was once on the Tonight Show, Johnny Carson joked asking him, "When you're in a romantic mood and you're trying to make out, whose records do you put on?" Of course Johnny was referring to how Ol' Blue Eyes' voice could make a lady swoon, but it begs the question, What music did Frank Sinatra listen to?
While someone like Bing Crosby, who Frank idolized as a boy, would be the obvious choice, it turns out to be something rather different, but not entirely surprising when you think about it: Italian opera. The Voice's favorite composers were the big two when considering operatic music from Sinatra's homeland, Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini.
Verdi started life poor and worked his way up through his musical talents. Although his biographer states in his introduction that from what he's learned about his subject, "I do not very much like the man Verdi," but he admires his integrity. Verdi may have had good reason to show some bitterness, having had his wife and two children die while he was still quite young. Given Sinatra's personal troubles and emotiveness, perhaps he could identify a little or sense something in the music.
Puccini was born into a musical dynasty, so it would seem his occupation was essentially predetermined, and he did not disappoint. Still, his life wasn't without turmoil and hardships. He suffered serious injury in a 1903 car accident and his love-life caused many problems as he took part in a number of extramarital affairs. Frank may have understood a thing to two about these.
Sinatra was a very impassioned and sentimental man; it makes perfect sense that he would be drawn to a genre as theatrical and almost over-the-top in its portrayal of human emotion as opera. I have no difficulty picturing Frank seated in a big chair, Jack Daniel's whiskey in hand, with the music turned up while La Boheme or Aida regaled him.


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Delivered Source Instruction
(DSI) One line of source code (LOC) developed by a project.DSI is the primary input to many tools for estimating software cost. The term "delivered" is generally meant to exclude non-delivered support software such as test drivers. However, if these are developed with the same care as delivered software, with their own reviews, test plans, documentation, etc., then they should be counted. The "source instructions" include all program instructions created by project personnel and processed into machine code by some combination of preprocessors, compilers, and assemblers. It excludes comments and unmodified utility software. It includes job control language, format statements, and data declarations.
Last updated: 1996-05-29


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Copy graphics objects and their descendants
new_handle = copyobj(h,p)
copyobj creates copies of graphics objects. The copies are identical to the original objects except the copies have different values for their Parent property and a new handle. The new parent must be appropriate for the copied object (e.g., you can copy a line object only to another axes object).
new_handle = copyobj(h,p) copies one or more graphics objects identified by h and returns the handle of the new object or a vector of handles to new objects. The new graphics objects are children of the graphics objects specified by p.
Copy a surface to a new axes within a different figure.
h = surf(peaks);
colormap hot
figure % Create a new figure
axes % Create an axes object in the figure
new_handle = copyobj(h,gca);
colormap hot
grid on
Note that while the surface is copied, the colormap (figure property), view, and grid (axes properties) are not copied.
More About
expand all
h and p can be scalars or vectors. When both are vectors, they must be the same length, and the output argument, new_handle, is a vector of the same length. In this case, new_handle(i) is a copy of h(i) with its Parent property set to p(i).
When h is a scalar and p is a vector, h is copied once to each of the parents in p. Each new_handle(i) is a copy of h with its Parent property set to p(i), and length(new_handle) equals length(p).
When h is a vector and p is a scalar, each new_handle(i) is a copy of h(i) with its Parent property set to p. The length of new_handle equals length(h).
When programming a GUI, do not call copyobj or textwrap (which calls copyobj) inside a CreateFcn. The act of copying the uicontrol object fires the CreateFcn repeatedly, which raises a series of error messages after exceeding the root object's RecursionLimit property.
See Also
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- Allied Whale History
- Senior Staff
- Publications List
- Marine Mammal Strandings
- Mount Desert Rock
- Education Resources
- Adopt-A-Whale Program
Mount Desert Rock
Mount Desert Rock is a remote, treeless island situated approximately 25 nautical miles south of College of the Atlantic, in Bar Harbor, Maine. Since the early 19th century the island has had a light tower, and various buildings to house light-keeper families. In the 1950s the island was occupied by the United States Coastguard. Now it is the home of the Edward McC. Blair Marine Research Station.
In the early 1970s, students, staff, and faculty from College of the Atlantic visited the island. They noted that the site was a prime location for marine mammal research. Both Mount Desert Rock and the nearby Inner Schoodic Ridges are areas of upwelling, creating localized zones of high biological productivity. Species commonly sighted included humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), finback (Balaenoptera physalus), and northern right (Eubalaena glacialis) whales, harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common (Delphinus delphis) and white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), and harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals.
In cooperation with the US Coastguard, Allied Whale, the marine mammal research division of College of the Atlantic, seasonally occupied Mount Desert Rock for several decades. Mount Desert Rock became the base of summer operations for Allied Whale, and provided a foundation for important studies such as the development of photo-identification techniques for humpback and finback whales. In the mid 1990s, occupation of the island ceased as the US Coastguard reviewed the need for Mount Desert Rock as part of the network of lighthouses off the coast of Maine. In 1996, College of the Atlantic acquired the island from the US Coastguard. Although the Coastguard maintains right of access to the aids to navigation equipment on the island, College of the Atlantic is responsible for the buildings and maintenance of the structures on Mount Desert Rock.
College of the Atlantic continues to maintain an active presence on Mount Desert Rock. Recently, Allied Whale has initiated a five-year study of marine mammal populations in the northern Gulf of Maine, using Mount Desert Rock as a base of operations. Members of Allied Whale, together with staff, faculty and administration of the college, continue to spearhead the development of Mount Desert Rock as a fully operational research station that will eventually expand its research repertoire beyond marine mammal science. As a first step in this expansion, and in recognition of his financial and spiritual support to Allied Whale and College of the Atlantic, the field station was recently dedicated as the Edward McC. Blair Marine Research Station.
Mount Desert Rock has 4 buildings perched precariously on its rocky ledges; the boathouse, light tower, generator shed and light-keeper's house. The boathouse has space for 4 research inflatable boats, and is rigged with a hydraulic hauling system and chain hoist. The light tower reaches over 70 ft in height above sea level, and has two exterior platforms provide excellent views 360Â° around the island. The generator shed is currently used as an equipment room; the college plans to convert this space into a wet-lab. Finally, the house itself has accommodations for 20 researchers/students, 2 classrooms, a recreation room, kitchen and dining room, and radio room.
Power is currently provided by a small gas generator supplying a bank of deep-cycle batteries that distribute 110V mains power via an inverter. Plans exist to convert this system to a solar array, with the generator supplying emergency power only.
Rainwater is collected via a roof collection system, is stored in two large cisterns in the basement of the building and provides a non-potable freshwater source for bathing, washing, etc.. Drinking water currently must be shipped in, although the College has proposed to install a desalination system.
College of the Atlantic recently made contact with former inhabitants of the island, Wilbur and Shirley York, who lived on the Rock in the late 1920s as children. Allied Whale arranged for Wilbur and Shirley to revisit Mount Desert Rock in Summer 2000. An article reviewing this visit can be found here, from the Bar Harbor Times (secondarily published in the Ellsworth American).
Mount Desert Rock is ideally located for offshore studies of marine mammals and seabirds. Thus the Rock is a perfect base-camp for members of Allied Whale, the marine mammal research group affiliate with College of the Atlantic. Allied Whale's mission is to be a center of excellence for marine mammal studies, while simultaneously providing the best experiential education possible for undergraduate and graduate students interested in a career in marine mammalogy. As such, Mount Desert Rock is an integral part of that mission, providing an offshore research platform that permits the study of marine mammals in their natural environment, while also providing a communal, educative and enriching atmosphere that promotes the growth of student' skills and knowledge.
Current research projects, with senior investigators, include:
A five-year study of the foraging ecology of balaenopterids in the northern Gulf of Maine - Dr. S. Todd (COA), D. Dendanto (UMO), and J. Allen (COA)
Behavioral interactions between harbor and gray seals - S. Renner, Dr. J. Gilbert (UMO), and Dr. S. Todd (COA/UMO adjunct)
Photo-identification of finback whales using digital video - Dr. S. Todd (COA), D. Dendanto (UMO), C.Vashro (COA), and J. Allen (COA)
The North Atlantic humpback whale catalog - R. Seton (COA), and J. Allen (COA)
The North Atlantic finback whale catalog - D. Dendanto (UMO) and C. Vashro (COA
Guano tolerant plants of Mount Desert Rock - Dr. Nishanta Rajakaruna (COA) and Nathaniel Pope (COA)
Although College of the Atlantic owns two field stations in the Gulf of Maine, Mount Desert Rock is located furthest offshore, and represents possibly the most remote and isolated learning conditions that the college has to offer. Classes on Mount Desert Rock focus on an experiential educationï¿½€ï¿½not only learning the syllabus of a particular class, but also learning how to become part of a close-knit self-reliant community that depends upon its members to ensure the smooth running of the research station. Thus, a student that enrolls in a class on MDR is also signing up for a lesson in island life and community living. By the end of their stay on Mount Desert Rock, most students never want to leave! The isolated and remote lifestyle can be addictive, and the opportunity to study wildlife in situ, in an offshore environment, is a unique opportunity unmatched by most other undergraduate institutions.
Courses offered on Mount Desert Rock by College of the Atlantic fall into two categories: those offered by the summer graduate/continuing education program, and undergraduate classes offered by the college during the normal school year.
In summer 2000, College of the Atlantic offered classes at Mount Desert Rock for the graduate courses Introduction to Biological Oceanography (Dr. S. Todd, COA), and Whales, dolphins and seals (Dr. G. Stone, NEAQ). In the same season, the college also provided the undergraduate class Field Studies in Marine Mammalogy (Dr. S. Todd, COA), and also hosted a class in Island Life (Dr. J. Anderson, COA). Plans to use Mount Desert Rock for classes in the undergraduate offering Introduction to Oceanography (Dr. S. Todd, COA) are ongoing.
Marine Mammal Strandings
To report a marine mammal stranding please call:
If You would like to Donate
Donations can be made to:
Allied Whale, College of the Atlantic
105 Eden Street
Bar Harbor, ME 04609


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m (corrected typo)
==Coat of arms==
The golden lion in the left of the coat of arms is the symbol of the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]]. The red dragon in the right is the symbol of the [[Waldsassen Abbey]], and symbolizes the margravate of Diepolding. Only the upper part of the dragon is shown (while the monastery had the full dragon as their symbol), to symbolize that the status of the monastery was reduced in 1803 from an imperial monastery to a subordinate of the Palatinate. The blue bar in the bottom right is the symbol of the landgraves of Leuchtenberg, parts of the historically owned by them was included into the district in 1972.


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Introduction: How to Make a Battery Out of Mud
While trying to make a microbial fuel cell apparently I stumbled upon how to make an Earth battery, which is something whose existence I really had no clue about until I made one. While the current it generates is pretty much non-existent I've found that several of these in series are capable of dimly lighting a 3 volt LED for weeks, which I still think is pretty good for what amounts to a jar of mud.
To make this "mud battery" you'll need:
An Empty Container
Insulated Copper Wire
At Least 5 cm of Graphite (taken from a pencil)
A Digital Multimeter
A Hand Shovel
Step 1: Obtain and Insert the Dirt
For this step, just go outside and find a spot where you can dig up some dirt. Though I've yet to experiment with how various types of dirt affect the mud battery's function, I've found while making the some dozen cells I've tried that the blackish-brown sort of topsoil pictured works well. If I had to guess, I'd say the dirt I use is towards the "loamy" side of things because it retains water well without holding it up so much that it prevents the diffusion of ions between the electrodes
Besides finding the right kind of soil to use, this step really is easy as just filling up your container with dirt.
Step 2: Prepare the Anode
To prepare the anode strip a piece of wire such that one end has a little bit of copper exposed (~2 cm) while the other has significantly more copper exposed (~4 cm). Now take a piece of aluminum foil and wrap it around the long end of the wire so as to form a sort of "pin" of aluminum foil. Once finished stick the anode into the dirt.
Step 3: Prepare the Cathode
Preparing the cathode is simple: cut second piece of wire, strip about 2 cm of insulation from one side, strip about 4 cm of insulation from the other, and then wrap the exposed wire from the 4 cm end around one of the ends of the piece of graphite. Once this is all done, just stick the end of the graphite that doesn't have copper wire wrapped around it into the dirt within your mud battery.
Step 4: Turn the Dirt Into Mud and Then Wait
At this point I usually test the battery to see if an electric potential exists within it using my digital multimeter. Though the voltage usually wavers a bit, all of the mud batteries that I've made with this method at this point have displayed a voltage that hovered around a point between 0.3-0.6 volts +/-0.09.
Now feel free to correct me if I'm wrong on this, but I've found that even though the battery does (or at least should) generate an electric potential, wiring several of these devices together in series in an attempt to get at least a little function from them provides a far lower voltage than would be expected due to (what I'm assuming is) the high resistance posed by each battery in the series.
Though I knew from I've found, however, that moistening the dirt until it becomes mud greatly ameliorates this situation, as mud cells (in comparison to dirt cells) not only boast higher voltages (0.8-1.0 volts) but also seem to fair far better when wired into a series.
This step is pretty much as easy as it sounds: just add water (tap water works) to your mud battery until the soil within it is completely saturated with water.
The benefits of mud over dirt in this battery aren't immediately presented; to see the increased voltage one must allow the battery to incubate overnight. While I don't really know exactly why it has to incubate over night to work (I initially thought that it was because the voltage was generated by microbial activity and that the increase in voltage following incubation was due to microbial colonization of the anode), if I had to guess I'd say that the incubation is likely necessary because it takes time for the water to dissolve some of the salts within the soil into solution.
People to Thank
In closing I'd kind of like to thank egbertfitzwilly because I gleaned a lot of what I know of homemade electrodes from reading his instructables and HarveyH44 and Kiteman because they pointed out why what I thought I made (a microbial fuel cell) wasn't what I actually made and showed me what it was I actually concocted (an Earth battery).
We have a be nice policy.
Please be positive and constructive.
What is length breadth and width of aluminum foil and copper wire


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How can I change delimiter (brace) size in cases environment (for piece-wise function)?
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You have to put something inside the cases environment to make it expand. Surely you can show the piece-wise function, otherwise it's difficult to assess what you're actually trying to do. – Werner Dec 17 '13 at 20:02
May be provide an image illustrating what you want? For example you can affect the vertical space between the cases with \\[]. – azetina Dec 17 '13 at 20:11
1 Answer 1
If the size of the brace (vertical and/or horizontal) are of prime concern, an alternative to the cases environment is given below. In this MWE, the stacked cases are composed of a \Vectorstack (stackengine package) in which the argument is set in math mode on equally spaced lines set about the math axis. The brace is produced by the scalerel package, and is merely a width-limited vertical scale of a glyph, in this case the left brace {.
Vertical height of brace matches target stack:
\[ f(x) =
\[ f(x) =
Vertical height of stack can be extended beyond stack height:
\[ f(x) =
Maximum horizontal width of brace set by optional parameter:
\[ f(x) =
\[ f(x) =
\[ f(x) =
enter image description here
This is just a demonstration of the ability to manipulate the brace. For a real problem, there may be other considerations... If the vertical separation between "cases" needs to be increased, \setstackgap{L}{length} prior to the stack can accomplish that, for example. See the package documentations for details. Your mileage may vary.
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Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements
Limnol. Oceanogr., 56(4), 2011, _PHONE_ | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1355
ABSTRACT: We assessed monomethylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in a tidal wetland over three seasons using a novel method that employs a combination of in situ optical measurements as concentration proxies. MeHg concentrations measured over a single spring tide were extended to a concentration time series using in situ optical measurements. Tidal fluxes were calculated using modeled concentrations and bi-directional velocities obtained acoustically. The magnitude of the flux was the result of complex interactions of tides, geomorphic features, particle sorption, and random episodic events such as wind storms and precipitation. Correlation of dissolved organic matter quality measurements with timing of MeHg release suggests that MeHg is produced in areas of fluctuating redox and not limited by buildup of sulfide. The wetland was a net source of MeHg to the estuary in all seasons, with particulate flux being much higher than dissolved flux, even though dissolved concentrations were commonly higher. Estimated total MeHg yields out of the wetland were approximately 2.5 µg m−2 yr−1—4–40 times previously published yields—representing a potential loading to the estuary of 80 g yr−1, equivalent to 3% of the river loading. Thus, export from tidal wetlands should be included in mass balance estimates for MeHg loading to estuaries. Also, adequate estimation of loads and the interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in tidal wetlands might not be possible without long-term, high-frequency in situ measurements.


Guns and a church's role
Ron Molen's well written "LDS and gun morality" (Forum, Jan. 6), regarding The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and gun control, brings up an important question: What indeed is the proper role of any organized religion in speaking out on societal issues.
Whenever the LDS leadership has lobbied or spoken out on issues such as same-sex marriage, liquor laws or immigration, there is often an immediate backlash from those who feel the LDS Church is violating the Constitution's separation of church and state. Sometimes this is followed by petition drives and protests demanding the church remain silent or face government sanction.
At the same time, however, when LDS leadership chooses not to get directly involved on issues such as gun control or similar hot-button topics (climate change or health care reform), they are attacked for not being Christian enough or for ignoring urgent moral matters that some feel the church has the power to change.
When should churches speak out and when should they not? If speaking out on one issue is a violation of the separation of church and state, while speaking out on another issue is not, who ultimately gets to decide?
Clark Roger Larsen


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What is the Kurt Gottschalk Science Fund?
The Science Fund supports new initiatives that disseminate information and science-informed management practices to foresters and other natural resource professionals. It also supports recognition of research being conducted by graduate students in forestry and natural resources.
Kurt Gottschalk was a long-time chair of the SAF's Forest Science and Technology Board and was serving on the national board of directors at the time of his passing.
How Your Donation Helps
- Continuing Education, Outreach, and Collaboration: Financial support for technology transfer that helps land managers apply the latest in science, such as for conferences, scientific publications, special issues in scientific journals, and more.
- Leadership Development: Funding to foster scientific leadership.
- Recognition of Student Research: Annual cash awards for best presentations and posters at the SAF National Convention.
- Forestry Research: Funding for graduate students and other researchers to focus on their core research questions by funding the identification and prioritization of research needs, literature reviews, seed money to collect preliminary data required to develop larger research proposals, and more.


Raeela Fox nuts-Makhana lotus seed-500g
Raeela Fox nuts-Makhana lotus seed-500g
Availability: In stock
Makhanas are low in cholesterol, sodium and saturated fats and are good for your heart. They are a good source of magnesium, potassium, manganese, phosphorous and protein. This high nutrition value of makhanas makes them a perfect and healthy snack.
Rs. 700.00
+ -
Raeela Mart
Do you Know:
Makhanas, also called fox nuts, or lotus seeds, come from a plant called Euryale Fox which grows in the stagnant water of wetlands or ponds in Eastern Asia. They have been used in Chinese medicine since 3000 years and find an important place in the science of Ayurveda too.
1) They are low in cholesterol, fat and sodium. This makes them an ideal snack to satiate those in-between meal hunger pangs.
2) They are beneficial to those suffering from high blood pressure, heart diseases and obesity due to their high magnesium and low sodium content.
3) Makhanas are recommended for diabetics too due to their low glycemic index.
4) An anti-ageing enzyme in these seeds is said to help repair damaged proteins.
5) In addition, the presence of a natural flavonoid called kaempferol (also present in coffee), helps prevent inflammation and ageing.
6) Ayurvedic beliefs suggest that fox nuts astringent properties that benefit the kidneys.
7) Makhanas are gluten-free, protein rich and high in carbohydrates.
8) They are low in calories, making them an ideal snack for weight loss.
9) Ayurvedic and Unani medicine believe them to have aphrodisiac properties.
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