text:
Another method of filtering projects or activities in Activity Center is by dates.
- Start date
- End date
- Creation date
- Actual completion date
Filtering procedure is essentially whatever date you want to filter by. What is described below is for project start date.
To filter projects by start date:
- Open Activity Center.
- Click the advanced filters button ().
- Go to Resources & Constraints tab.
- Under Dates, click the 'More' button to access available date filters.
- Select the appropriate filter (Project start date).
- Select one or both of two options:
- Under Filter by timeframe, select an option and click 'Apply'.
- Under Filter by period, select a date range and click 'Apply'.
- The list will be updated to show only projects that meet the selected filter.
The filters appears as a box above the project list.
To cancel the active filter or filters, close the respective box(es) by clicking the 'X' at their top right corner.


text:
The blow sensor is not only for blowing, it will generally register any bending of the piezo disk. I posted it because if it can register a bit of air, then it can probably also register the movement of an eyebrow
when attached close to it on the skin.
when you are referring to the picture here _URL_
without the resistor the voltages created by the piezo will be very high, since there is no path to ground. the input pin consumes virtually no current at all. all electrons will "queue up" in
front of that input pin. leaving the resistor out *might* damage the chip
(the chip has some protection built in, and when one pin is damaged there are often lots more left functioning anyway)
But if you take too low a resistor, the piezo will be sort of shorted to ground and you will not see a signal.
be sure to use a resistor of several megaohm, as the example says.
also, the piezo requires a 5 volts voltage difference
between it's two wires, that difference will not be there when one wire is connected to the 5Volts terminal but the other is ONLY connected to a high-impedance input pin. This setup without looks very much like a piezo with just one wire attached. the resistor closes the loop towards the Ground terminal of the board. only then will the voltage difference on the piezo be 5 volts. voltages are always "experienced" with reference to ground, and therefore you will need some connection to the ground terminal.
it's the same "experience" as grabbing the mains while on rubber tiles, compared to grabbing it when standing in a puddle ;D

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: We study the effect of intuitive and reflective processes on cooperation using cognitive load. Compared with time constraint, which has been used in the previous literature, cognitive load is a more direct way to block reflective processes, and thus a more suitable way to study the link between intuition and cooperation. Using a repeated public goods game, we study the effect of different levels of cognitive load on contributions. We show that a higher cognitive load increases the initial level of cooperation. In particular, subjects are significantly less likely to fully free ride under high cognitive load.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Feb. 19, 2010
RIVERSIDE, Calif. – (_URL_) After 400 years of bondage and captivity, the children of God have finally been set free. All of their problems are over, their luck has changed... or has it? So goes the recounting of the Israelite's exodus from Egypt as directed by La Sierra University student Will Williams.
It is just one of eight student-directed, Bible-based one act plays being performed with a unique, artistic twist at La Sierra University on Feb. 24, 25, 27 and 28. These pieces of scripture, penned in 1927 by James Weldon Johnson and collectively titled "God's Trombones," are united by a central theme; Christianity. Included are popular parables and stories such as the prodigal son, Noah and the ark, Moses, and the crucifixion. Other poems cover topics like salvation, creation, death, and the final judgment. Adam and Eve, grave diggers, dancers, and even mobs deck the stage as each poem is brought to life.
Johnson, an acclaimed African-American author, professor, attorney and early civil rights activist wrote these poetic sermons in 1927, capturing the voice of the Black folk preacher. Around 1900 Johnson also wrote, "Lift Every Voice and Sing," which is often referred to as "The African-American National Anthem." His brother, John Rosamond Johnson, set it to music. The song was first performed publicly by five hundred students at Stanton School where Weldon Johnson served as principal. In 1916 Johnson was asked to become field secretary and an organizer for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1917 he organized the NAACP's historic mass protest silent march in Manhattan, New York. By 1920, Johnson was promoted to general secretary of the NAACP.
Johnson's inspiration for the title of the collection of poetry on scripture was derived from a folk preacher whose tone and expression supposedly reminded him of the trombone, which is believed to be the brass instrument most resembling the emotion, range, and sound of the human voice.
As a tribute to "God's Trombones," trombonist Art Kharns will be performing a series of Negro Spirituals between each act. He has been playing the trombone since 1971, but his first instrument was the tuba. He lives in Simi Valley, Calif. and has a degree in music education from Pacific Union College with an emphasis in low brass.
Kharns' accomplishments include playing with 'Big Gospel', teaching elementary music in Portland, Ore. and directing community groups, orchestras and a brass ensemble. He currently performs with the Ventura jazz orchestra and serves as an alternate in the Gold Coast Wind Ensemble. Other than performing, Kharns also enjoys "arranging, song writing, and playing jazz guitar," he said.
"God's Trombones" will take place in La Sierra University's Matheson Hall on February 24, 25, 27, and 28 at 8 p.m. A campus map is at _URL_
Tickets cost $10 for general admission and $7 for LSU students/staff/faculty. Tickets go on sale February 15 and will be available from the LSUDrama box office, which is located in the English/Communication department office in South Hall. Hours are Tuesday and Thursday 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Box office phone number: _PHONE_. Reservations may also be made by emailing _EMAIL_.
Tickets are also sold at the door on the evening of a performance (if available). The box office opens at 7 p.m. on the evening of a performance. Reserved tickets that have not been paid for are released for sale at 7:30 p.m.
Student Directors: Edgar Hernandez (The Prodigal Son), Darren Thomas (Creation), Rebecca Kern (Listen Lord-A Prayer), Daniel Skoretz (Go Down Death), Patrick Garrett York (The Crucifixion), Will Appiah (The Judgment Day), Will Williams (Let My People Go), and Denby Rasmussen (Noah Built the Ark).
"Listen, Lord—A Prayer" - Directed by Rebecca Kern
Every day flies by fast and we tend to lose ourselves and forget why we are on this green earth. In an artistic interpretation of "Listen, Lord -- A Prayer" a man asks God to send mercy and compassion to the sinners of this world. His congregation follows as they humble themselves under the presence of God above. This walking man asks the Lord to help the weak to the narrow road of salvation and to be protected from the devil.
"Creation" - Directed by Darren Thomas
As God the Father is creating the world in six days, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit offer "helpful" commentary in a joyful take on the story of creation. The audience will enjoy a rich visual spectacle of this story. As the firmament is created, the angelic dancers will cover the stage with swathes of green fabric, blue for the sky and bright yellow to represent the sun.
"The Prodigal Son" - Directed by Edgar Hernandez
The story of a young man who takes his inheritance early in order to experience the world, leading him on a surreal journey, which teaches him an important lesson about life. The story of the prodigal son is being retold with a twist, as it is set in modern times.
"Go Down Death" - Directed by Daniel Skoretz
GO DOWN DEATH and bring my child home. This is what the Lord said--so don't cry. This new take on a poem telling of God calling his children home features five grave diggers telling the story of their fallen friend and her trip home. This Gothic style piece is mixed with Southern Blues and the brilliant words of African American preachers. It is an adventure with the message of 'don't morn those who are one step closer to meeting the Father'.
"Noah Built the Ark" - Directed by Denby Rasmussen
This sermon begins with the creation story as its background and leads forward to the Great Flood. It features some powerful dialogues between God and man, as well as man and Satan. Simple matching, mostly black, wardrobes will highlight facial expression and body movement to help tell the story in a striking, visual fashion while clever poetic construction delivers a powerful message.
"The Crucifixion" - Directed by Patrick Garrett York
Jesus' murder was bitter sweet. Bitter because of the pain and loss, sweet because of the beautiful promise of salvation. This version of Johnson's original attempts to show the battle of the violent, hateful passion of the crucifixion and the blinding, long-suffering passion of the faithful, with the audience in the middle.
"Let My People Go" - Directed by Will Williams
Pharaoh and his army give one last push with anger and force, desperately trying to take back what's theirs! This recreation of "The Exodus" has everything from plagues of death to pillars of fire, but when the gushing waters of the red sea come crashing down on Pharaoh's army who's side will you be on? The choice is yours.....
"The Judgment Day" - Directed by Will Appiah
With God as the judge overseeing the trial for your very life, one member of the jury will be taken by the bailiff and put on the stand. Will Lucifer's words penetrate and seal your soul? Or will Michael's warning be able to save you? Where will you stand? This take on The Judgment Day puts the end of times perspective into a modern courtroom setting.
PR Contact: Larry Becker
Executive Director of University Relations
La Sierra University


text:
Academic programs in plant science touch on plant culture, plant health, landscape horticulture and biotechnology. Plant science programs provide students with a broad understanding of the science of plant use in society and are typically a combination of classroom instruction, laboratory instruction and field internships.
Inside Plant Science
Plant science encompasses the study of the life and development of edible, ornamental and native vegetation including grasses, vines, shrubs and trees. Undergraduate, master's and doctoral degrees are all available in plant science and include labs and field work in addition to classroom studies. Undergraduate degree programs often cover broad topics such as plant diseases and pathogens, horticulture, botany, plant pathology and landscape design. Graduates are prepared for careers in commercial and residential landscape design and greenhouse, golf course or athletic field management and environmental journalism as well as work in zoos, botanical gardens or national parks.
Plant science bachelor's degree programs often include concentrations in landscape design and construction, crop production, horticulture science, turfgrass science or biotechnology. Graduate programs provide students with a more advanced study of plant science fundamentals, emphasizing technical writing and research. Additional training is offered in the areas of soils and irrigation, biotechnology, plant pathology, weed science, crop management, plant ecology and crop biochemistry. The degree required to enter the workforce depends greatly on what professional path is chosen by the student.
Learn More about Plant Science
If you are considering a career in the field of plant science, read on to learn more. Education-Portal.com has articles with the information you need to get started.
The career you want will dictate the degree you must earn. Plant science degrees are offered at all levels.
- Associate's Degree Programs in Biotechnology
- Bachelor's Degree in Agricultural Science
- Agronomy Degree and Certification Program
- Agriculture PHD Program
- Plant Biotechnology Programs
Read on to learn about the career opportunities for those with a background in plant science.
- Agricultural Managers
- Agricultural Scientist
- Plant Science Careers
- Plant Breeding Technician
- Plant Breeder
Within the plant science field, there are many different concentrations and specializations.
Plant Science Related Articles
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Cigarette Gift Giving Practices in China: A Descriptive Analysis
The practice of gifting cigarettes is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and found throughout China regardless of economic or smoking status.1 The gifting of cigarettes, particularly premium brands, is considered both a sign of respect and a status symbol and is particularly common during holidays and other special occasions. The tobacco industry exploits these gift giving holidays, e.g., Spring and Fall Festival, by promoting their brands using festival values, such as, warmth, friendship, and celebration.2 These practices have contributed to the normalization of smoking in China and have be
Resource Language:


Taint 2.0
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Taint 2.0 - Commercial static analysis tools for detecting security flaws in software use a technique called Taint Analysis. However, traditional taint analysis has limitations that prevent it from accurately detecting vulnerabilities in today's complex applications. We explore the challenges of current taint analysis approaches, and explain how an exciting new technology called String Analysis answers these challenges. We show how String Analysis produces more accurate results while eliminating the need to provide user configuration of sanitizers.


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I use XeLaTeX, TikZ and standalone to create a figure, e.g. a flowchart. When I use includegraphics{} to include that figure into another document which uses the same font, then that font will be embedded into the pdf once for the main document and then again for each figure.
To reproduce the problem, here is the code for a simple flowchart and another document that includes the flow chart pdf using \includegraphics.
The font XITS will be included twice.
%!TEX program = XeLaTeX
\tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, fill=blue!20, text width=9.5em, node distance=14em, text centered, minimum height=4em]
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 2cm, auto]
 \node [block] (Create) {create flowchart with TikZ and standalone};
 \node [block, right of=Create] (Include) {include flowchart into main document};
 \node [block, right of=Include] (CheckFont) {check which fonts have been embedded};
 \path [line] (Create) -- (Include);
 \path [line] (Include) -- (CheckFont);
and the main document
%!TEX program = XeLaTeX
Text before the figure.
 \caption{Some figure}
Some more text.
In the document properties Adobe Reader shows XITS twice:
XITS embedded twice
If I include the Tikz flowchart directly into the main document, the font is emnbedded only once, but I don't want to compile it every time and sometimes I use other tools (e.g. Inkscape) to create figures (but they all use the same font).
In order to have a smaller pdf file (and because I think this behavior is strange) I would like to have each font included only once. I am aware of the tool pdfsizeopt, as described in the question How to create small PDF files for the Internet, but while it does decrease the file size, it does not help with the issue of fonts being included multiple times.
share|improve this question
This is not specific to XeLaTeX, TikZ, or standalone; I've seen the same thing in LuaLaTeX when using the article class and a tabular environment to produce a letterhead, which I then include in letters with the wallpaper package. IIRC the same thing happened in pdfLaTeX too. In the case of letterhead it's not surprising, since that's where one tends to use titling caps and ligatures which don't appear in the body of a letter, so the subsets aren't the same. – Thérèse Jul 4 '13 at 22:32
2 Answers 2
I found no LaTeX-internal way to optimize that.You can use pdfsizeopt as an external tool to optimize the embedded fonts. It works great as long as the font names of the instances of the font are the same. It also uses subsetting, so that only the glyphs that you use are embedded and it converts fonts to a smaller format.
I suggest to disable the conversion of black-white-images to JBIG2 format for compatibility reasons and maybe the PNGOUT optimization for speed reasons. In every other aspect I always had full compatibility and good performance when optimizing PDF from PdfLaTeX and LuaTeX/ConTeXt.
share|improve this answer
Ver similar to…? Does LuaTeX have an equivalent to \pdfinclusioncopyfonts=1 (See) page 32 of the [pdftex manual][1] [1]: – WillAdams Jul 5 '13 at 19:31
_USER_ it has all the pdftex primitives I think. It has that one certainly (have not checked if it works in this case) – David Carlisle Jul 8 '13 at 16:32
_USER_ _USER_ Does XeLaTeX also support this command? Original question was about XeLaTeX and whenever I try using \pdfinclusioncopyfont I get the error message Undefined control sequence. – matth Jul 8 '13 at 20:21
_USER_ probably not. Luatex is based on the pdftex sources and is a pdf engine generating pdf so incorporates all the \pdf... primitives. xetex is based on classic dvi tex and pdf is generated by the dvipdfmx dvi driver, so an analogous question would be is there a \special that could control font loading in dvipdfmx (I don't know the answer). – David Carlisle Jul 8 '13 at 20:28
I'm not sure when, but pdfsizeopt has been dropped from Google Code "due to a complaint received under the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act." :( is still available, and directions of use seem to now be separate/scattered on the Internet. – Werner Sep 20 '13 at 5:35
Unfortunately, XeTeX doesn't have a facility for parsing an imported graphic and remapping the fonts --- pdfTeX does afford this (and lualatex inherits it) and includes a command to enable doing so:
Try \pdfinclusioncopyfonts=0
From page 32 of the pdftex manual:
\pdfinclusioncopyfonts (integer)
share|improve this answer
Where should I put that command? No matter what I tried, I get an Undefined control sequence error. Would you mind creating a fully compilable MWE? – matth Jul 8 '13 at 20:16
use it w/ lualatex, not xelatex, per David Carlisle above. – WillAdams Jul 8 '13 at 22:07
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text:
Mishnah Avot 6:6 proposes forty-eight ways through which Torah can be "acquired." This rich teaching includes elements that are clearly ways in which people learn content, but also suggests traits and behaviors that appear to build character. It is this area of character development that With Heart in Mind brings to the forefront. The author explores each of the forty-eight characteristics and behaviors, explaining how each can improve our character through practicing it.
In a very creative way, With Heart in Mind moves a Mishnaic-era teaching into the more contemporary area of Mussar, Jewish character development. The book is highly versatile. It can be used as a daily or weekly guide to experimenting with new, more ethical living, read cover to cover (as this reviewer chose to), or delved into on occasion. While the book is intended to guide individual paths, it can also be a valuable resource for adult learning settings.


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Research & Publication
Abstract:Internet is one of the imperative explosion in communication and information retrieval. This massive development of web prompts host millions of web pages in heterogeneous platform. Due to the lack of a standard mechanism to guarantee the nonexistence of a web page before hosting them in the server leads to increases the near duplicate pages in the internet. These near duplicate contents can exist either by intentional or accidental. The issue of finding near-duplicate web pages has been a subject of research in the database and web-scan groups for a few years. Since most winning content mining strategies received term-based methodologies, they all experience an issues of word synonym and substantial number of comparison. In this paper we propose a method, which deal with the detection of near and duplicate web pages detection by using an extended term document weighting scheme, sentence level features and simHash technique. The existence of these near and duplicate web pages causes the problems that range from network band width utilization, storage cost, reduce the performance of search engines by duplicated content indexing and increase load on a remote host.


text:
Via this Google story I learned about MapKnitter, an open source tool to upload your own aerial imagery and combine it into a GeoTiff and TMS/OpenLayers map. MapKnitter is aimed at images coming from balloons and kites.
From their wiki: "MapKnitter (MapKnitter.org) is a free and open source tool for combining and positioning images (often from MapMill.org) in geographic space into a composite image map. Known as "orthorectification" or "georectification" to geographers, this step covers the process of figuring out where images can be placed on an existing map, and how they can be combined, or "stitched" together. You are likely to have many images of overlapping or identical areas, which is why MapMill or some type of sorting is used to determine which source images to use from the original set."


text:
Conviva Precision for A/B testing
Why use A/B testing
Let's say you are considering introducing a higher bitrate stream for increased picture fidelity. Given the extra costs in Encoding, Origin and CDN, this is a decision that needs a clear and justified business driver. Our customers usually ask:
1. What's the industry trend on average bitrates for similar types of service, content and devices? How does this trend evolve over time and what is my competition doing?
2. How can I calculate the ROI and justify the costs? Will this decision result in higher viewer engagement and consequently audience?
For a long time we have been able to help with #1 using Experience Benchmarks, which enables smarter decision making. It gives publishers unmatched insight and intelligence into streaming experience performance against their peers.
The best way to help with #2 is with AB group testing, which allows you to compare the results in terms of QoE and Engagement on each group.
Why use Precision
For A/B viewer testing, you create two groups:
- group A are viewers for a particular series or live channel, always getting a higher bitrate stream
- group B are other viewers always getting streams with assigned lower bitrate.
Precision will allow you to allocate the streams to groups A and B consistently. It also automatically ties with Experience Insights so you can confirm the QoE KPIs on each group of viewers and respective Viewer Engagement. Precision can assure that you have a meaningful engagement test, where the groups A and B MUST remain consistent (a viewer cannot get the lower bitrate stream sometimes and the higher another times). Then, Experience Insights will let you evaluate the results in terms of QoE and Engagement, for each group. Advanced analytics reporting capabilities can be leveraged to determine the statistical significance of the results.
How does it work
To achieve this viewer demarcation, Precision uses the same technology that already allows Publishers to Optimize by what we call a Generic Resource.
A Generic Resource is typically a CDN, or a CDN using a given Origin, or a given PoP from a CDN. In an example scenario of AB testing, the Generic Resource would be "Live Channel X with a Maximum Bitrate of 4Mbps on Roku" and "the same Channel but with 6M on Roku". In this case there is no concept of Optimization, but only load balancing two streams consistently and being able to connect this allocation to Experience Insights.
For further discussions on how to explore Precision capabilities, please contact us.
Enhancements to MetricLens Drill-Downs
and TimeLine Analysis
Conviva's MetricLens dashboards enable you to perform advanced analysis of QoE and audience data through a combination of filters, data ranges, metric values, and dimensions. This combination of metrics and performance data allows you to quickly understand the most critical contributors - ISPs, cities, player versions, assets – of your video streaming QoE and engagement issues.
To transition from summary data to time series analysis, MetricLens users are able to easily navigate between MetricLens summary and Timeline dashboards to quickly analyze timelines of the top five dimension values, determined by the number of Attempts. With the latest Pulse release, Pulse users can now also quickly analyze a timeline of each individual dimension to discover the detailed timing of anomalies in any dimension value.
Top Five Dimension Values
From a MetricLens Summary page, use the View Timeline button to view the time series of the top dimension values. MetricLens displays the metric-based time series with filters for each of the top five dimension values, in this example the top DMAs show metric spikes on Thursday 04:00.
The View Summary button returns to the MetricLens Summary page.
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To drill-down to the time series for a single dimension value for more specific dimension analysis, simply click the linked dimension value on a summary page. MetricLens displays the metric-based time series filtered for that dimension value, in this example focusing the time series analysis on the QoE metrics for the most impacted DMA, New York.
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Fog a Dox
written by Bruce Pascoe
Magabala Books | ISBN 9781921248559
Paperback – 112 pages
Member's price: $17.96
Usually ships within 2–11 business days.
Albert Cutts is a tree feller. A fella who cuts down trees. Fog is a fox cub raised by a dingo. He's called a dox because people are suspicious of foxes and Albert Cutts owns the dingo and now the dox. Albert is a bushman and lives a remote life surrounded by animals and birds. All goes well until Albert has an accident... This is a story of courage, acceptance and respect. It is reminiscent of the gentle story-telling style of Australian author Alan Marshall (I can jump puddles). The dialogue is finely crafted and Indigenous cultural knowledge and awareness are seamlessly integrated into the story.
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text:
5 Ways Objects Can Communicate With Each Other Heading Towards Decoupling
Object A calls a method on object B. This is clearly the simplest type of communication between two objects but is also the way which results in the highest coupling. Object A's class has a dependency upon object B's class. Wherever you try to take object A's class, object B's class (and all of its dependencies) are coming with it.
Way 2. Decouple the callee from the caller
Object A's class declares an interface and calls a method on that interface. Object B's class implements that interface. This is a step in the right direction as object A's class has no dependency on object B's class. However, something else has to create object B and introduce it to object A for it to call. So we have created the need for an additional class which has a dependency upon object B's class. We have also created a dependency from B to A. However, these can be a small price to pay if we are serious about taking object A's class off to other projects.
Way 3. Use an AdaptorÂ
Object A's class declares an interface and calls a method on that interface. An adaptor class implements the interface and wraps object B, forwarding calls to it. This frees up object B's class from being dependent on object A's class. Now we are getting closer to some real decoupling. This is particularly useful if object B's class is a third-party class which we have no control over.
Way 4. Dependency Injection
Dependency injection is used to find, create and call object B. This amounts to deferring until runtime how object A will talk to object B. This way certainly feels to have the lowest coupling, but in reality just shifts the coupling problem into the wiring realm. At least before we could rely on the compiler to ensure that there was a concrete object on the other end of each call – and furthermore we had the convenience of using the development tools to help us unpick the interaction between objects.
Way 5. Chain of command pattern
The chain of command pattern is used to allow object A to effectively say "does anyone know how to handle this call?". Object B, which is listening out for these cries for help, picks up the message and figures out for itself if it is able to respond. This approach does mean that object A has to be ready for the outcome that nobody is able to respond, however it buys us great flexibility in how the responder is implemented.
Chain of command – way 5 – is the decoupling winner and here's an example to help explain why. Let object A be a raster image file viewer, with responsibilities for allowing the user to pick the file to open, and zoom in and out on the image as it is displayed. Let object B be a loader which has the responsibility of opening a gif file and returning an array of colored pixels. Our aim is to avoid tying object A's class to object B's class because object B's class uses a third party library. Additionally, object A doesn't want to know about how the image file is interpreted, or even if it is a gif, jpg, png or whatever. In this example object B, or more likely a wrapper of object B, will declare a method which equips it to respond to any requests to open an image file. The method will respond with an array of pixels if the file is of a format it recognizes, or respond with null if it does not recognize the format. The framework then simply asks handlers in turn until one provides a non-null response.
With this framework in place we are now free to slide in more image loaders with the addition of just one more handler class. And furthermore, on the source end of the call, we can add other classes to not just view the images, but print them, edit them or manipulate them in any other way we choose.
In conclusion, we can see that decoupling can be achieved and yield flexibility, but this does not mean it is appropriate for every call from one object to another. The best thing to do is start with straight method calls, but keep cohesion in mind. Then if at a later stage it becomes necessary to swap in and out different objects it won't be too hard to extract an interface and put in place a decoupling mechanism.
(Note: Opinions expressed in this article and its replies are the opinions of their respective authors and not those of DZone, Inc.)


text:
The rarest and most joyous gemstone from the chalcedony family. The Greek translation means 'gold' and 'leek,' referring to the wonderful leek green colouring of the stone. Traditionally it has always symbolized happiness, enterprise and is believed to encourage common sense. In the 18th century, thieves actually believed that by placing this stone in their mouth would make them invisible. We can't guarantee that but it was the favourite stone of Queen Anne and that's good enough for us.
Chrysoprase | Apple Green Chalcedony
While some chalcedony varieties, such as "mtorolite" from Zimbabwe,get their green color from chromium, chrysoprases colour is derived from a presence of nickel. Some of the most valuable stones come from Australia, and so it is often referred to as 'Australian Jade'.
Wear this stone at work for inspiration and innovative ideas. Believed to be a calming stone that helps those who wear it work through their problems, and achieve success in new ventures.
Happiness, Enterprise and Common Sense. Chrysoprase, is the straight talking stone of choice in the Auree Office.


text:
When overridden in a derived class, routes data written to the object into the default HMAC hash algorithm for computing the hash value.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
This method is not called by application code.
This abstract method performs the hash computation. Every write to the cryptographic stream object passes the data through this method. For each block of data, this method updates the state of the hash object so that a correct hash value is returned at the end of the data stream.
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows XP SP2 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The.NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see.NET Framework System Requirements.


text:
At exam or in collections, the IRS may not be willing to agree to an acceptable resolution for the taxpayer. Have no fear, because the IRS Office of Appeals is here!
When the IRS issues a notice that proposes certain actions — such as changes to a tax return or collection activity — the taxpayer may be entitled to request an Appeals conference. Although the taxpayer alternatively may seek a remedy in court, Appeals is a less formal and typically far less costly forum to resolve disputes between the taxpayer and the IRS. Moreover, a taxpayer does not relinquish the right to pursue a remedy in court by taking a case to Appeals.
Here is the Office of Appeals' mission statement:
To resolve tax controversies, without litigation, on a basis which is fair and impartial to both the Government and the taxpayer in a manner that will enhance voluntary compliance and public confidence in the integrity and efficiency of the Service.
IRS Appeals proudly boasts independence as a core value. Appeals offers a fresh, objective and impartial perspective and provides taxpayers a fair hearing that would otherwise often inefficiently clog up a court's and taxpayer's time and resources.
To take a case to Appeals, the taxpayer must protest in writing the IRS's proposed action. An effectively drafted protest sets the stage for obtaining a fair and desired result.
Over the last few years, the Appeals Judicial Approach and Culture (AJAC) project has implemented policy changes for IRS Appeals to more effectively bifurcate IRS compliance functions and the role of Appeals. The policies aim for IRS compliance functions to serve as finders of fact and for Appeals to not take investigative actions but instead resolve cases.
When drafting a protest, a taxpayer must be specific in his appeal of the tax items in dispute. The introduction of new information in Appeals may result in Appeals releasing jurisdiction on the case and returning the file to compliance.
The IRS website states to include all of the following in a written protest:
- Your name, address and a daytime telephone number
- A statement that you want to appeal the IRS findings to the Office of Appeals
- A copy of the letter you received that shows the proposed change(s)
- The tax period(s) or year(s) involved
- A list of each proposed item with which you disagree
- The reason(s) you disagree with each item
- The facts that support your position on each item
- The law or authority, if any, that supports your position on each item
- The penalties of perjury statement as follows: "Under the penalties of perjury, I declare that the facts stated in this protest and any accompanying documents are true, correct and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief"
- Your signature under the penalties of perjury statement
Practice tip: In general, the protest letter should reflect the writing style of the IRS. The goal is for the reader to have the impression the writer is seasoned and has command of the content. A few style tips: Capitalize "T" for Taxpayer when referring to the client, cite authority according to the Bluebook and use lowercase "s" for section unless it starts a sentence.
A protest letter should contain headings to address each of the items required, as listed above. The example below focuses on some of the more important items.
Example situation: An IRS examiner proposes to disallow a deduction for mortgage interest claimed on Schedule A.
A list of each proposed item with which you disagree
An effective protest should have a separate sentence for each item in dispute. Each sentence should state that the taxpayer protests the proposed action. For example:
The Taxpayer disagrees with the IRS proposal to disallow the paid mortgage interest claimed on the Taxpayer's 2014 Form 1040, Schedule A.
This item represents the taxpayer's opportunity to highlight favorable facts and downplay unfavorable facts, if any. This section should read like a story. The story should leave the reader with not only an understanding of the facts but also an initial impression that the taxpayer's position is correct. For example:
The Taxpayer purchased property on [DD/MM/YYYY]. The Taxpayer financed the purchase with a mortgage in the amount of $x, with payments of $y/month, beginning on [DD/MM/YYYY]. The Taxpayer timely made the mortgage payments every month in 2014. The total mortgage interest paid during 2014 was $z.
Discuss the law
The protest should highlight favorable law. If there is unfavorable law, the protest may mention components of the law that are distinguishable from the issue under protest. Depending on the issues involved, the discussion of law could include a combination of statutes, regulations, case law or secondary material. For example:
In general, section 163(a) of the Internal Revenue Code allows a taxpayer to deduct all interest paid or accrued within the taxable year of indebtedness.
Apply the law to the facts
After authority is discussed, the protest should analogize favorable authority to the taxpayer's items in dispute. This section is the primary opportunity for the taxpayer to explain why the law, as applied to the taxpayer's facts, clearly demonstrates the taxpayer's position is correct and the IRS's position is not. For example:
Here, the Taxpayer is clearly entitled to deduct mortgage interest paid in 2014. During 2014, the Taxpayer made total mortgage payments of $x, with total interest paid of $z. Section 163(a) clearly allows the Taxpayer to deduct $z on Schedule A.
Practice tip: When there are several items in dispute, it may be helpful to address the meatier sections of the protest letter first with an outline of the issues and arguments to generate an initial structure, followed by developing paragraphs for each issue. Save editing and proofreading for last.
Failure to exhaust administrative remedies
If a taxpayer bypasses Appeals and seeks to litigate in US Tax Court, the court may nevertheless first reroute the case to Appeals in an effort to have the taxpayer and IRS resolve the case before going to trial. The court is most grateful when docketed cases reach a resolution in Appeals. The court may not look favorably upon a taxpayer's refusal to at least attempt to utilize Appeals. Additionally, taxpayers that bypass Appeals cannot recover costs of litigation.
Draft a strong conclusion in a short paragraph that states the relief sought and why the taxpayer is entitled to the relief.
IRS Appeals is a great forum for a taxpayer to resolve disputes. Drafting a persuasive protest letter is a critical step toward achieving the desired result.
For more information on this topic, or to learn how Baker Tilly tax specialists can help, contact our team.
The information provided here is of a general nature and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any individual or entity. In specific circumstances, the services of a professional should be sought. Tax information, if any, contained in this communication was not intended or written to be used by any person for the purpose of avoiding penalties, nor should such information be construed as an opinion upon which any person may rely. The intended recipients of this communication and any attachments are not subject to any limitation on the disclosure of the tax treatment or tax structure of any transaction or matter that is the subject of this communication and any attachments.


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October 10, 2011
Study finds children more accepting of peers who try to change an undesirable characteristic than those believed to be at fault for it
A psychology team at Kansas State University is studying how elementary and middle school youths perceive and anticipate interacting with peers who have various characteristics seen as undesirable, such as being a poor student or being extremely aggressive.
Mark Barnett, a professor of psychology, and psychology doctoral candidates Tammy Sonnentag, Edgar, Wis.; Jennifer Livengood, Marshall, Mo.; and Taylor Wadian, Fayette, Iowa; as well as Adrienne Struble, a spring 2011 bachelor's graduate, Lawrence, recently completed a study on this topic relating to fault attribution. It looks at the extent to which children attribute fault to peers with these undesirable characteristics, and how they anticipate interacting with these peers.
The study, "Role of Fault Attributions and Desire/Effort/Outcome Expectations in Children's Anticipated Responses to Hypothetical Peers with Various Undesirable Characteristics," will be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Genetic Psychology.
Researchers evaluated responses from 137 thirdthrough eighth-grade students who responded to statements about six hypothetical male peers for the study. Each peer was either a poor student, poor athlete, extremely overweight, extremely aggressive, extremely shy or had symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
"We led the children to believe that these six male students from another school had gone through interviews about six months apart," Barnett said. "In the first interview each of the hypothetical students described his problem and said whether he desired to fix it. We then told the students that six months later we brought those same kids back and asked if they'd been doing anything to change their undesirable characteristic, and whether they had been successful in doing so."
Participants where then asked to rate their attitudes toward each hypothetical peer on a five-point scale.
Researchers found that the more the students attributed fault to a peer for his undesirable characteristic, the more they would tease and make fun of him, and the less they would like to help him if he needed assistance.
Of those six characteristics, the kids who were overweight and aggressive were disliked more than those who were a poor student, a poor athlete, extremely shy or hyperactive. Students indicated that more so than for the other peers, the obese and aggressive peers were at fault for having their undesirable attribute and that they lacked the desire and motivation to change it.
"Attributions of fault seem to be very important in children's attitudes and anticipated reactions to peers with undesirable characteristics," Barnett said. "The more they attribute fault to peers for being a poor student, a poor athlete or whatever, the more they dislike them and the more they anticipate responding to them in a negative manner."
Additionally, the team found that girls tended to be kinder than boys to peers with undesirable characteristics -- unless the characteristics were obesity and aggressiveness. For peers with those two characteristics, both girls and boys indicated equal dislike, and both believed these peers were at heightened fault for their characteristic.
But the team found there is a silver lining for kids who have an undesirable characteristic.
"If the students think that the child has tried to change, that tends to positively influence how they anticipate interacting with that peer," Barnett said. "They really liked kids who are successful in overcoming their problem, but they also really liked kids who tried and put effort into changing."


pooling {baggr}R Documentation
Pooling metrics for baggr
Compute statistics relating to heterogeneity (whole model) and pooling (for each group) given a baggr meta-analysis model. The statistics are the pooling metric by Gelman & Pardoe (2006) or its complement, the I-squared statistic.
pooling(bg, type = c("groups", "total"), summary = TRUE)
heterogeneity(bg, summary = TRUE)
output of a baggr() function
In pooling calculation is done for each of the "groups" (default) or for "total" hypereffect(s). See Details section for how calculation is done.
logical; if FALSE a whole vector of pooling values is returned, otherwise only the means and intervals
Pooling statistic describes the extent to which group-level estimates of treatment effect are "pooled" (or pulled!) closer to average treatment effect in the meta-analysis model. If pooling = "none" or "full" in baggr, then the values are always 0 or 1, respectively. If pooling = "partial", the value is somewhere between 0 and 1.
Formulae for the calculations below are provided in main package vignette.
Matrix with mean and intervals for chosen pooling metric, each row corresponding to one meta-analysis group.
Group pooling
This is the calculation done by pooling() if type = "groups" (default). See vignette("baggr") for more details on pooling calculations.
In a partial pooling model (see baggr), group k (e.g. study) has standard error of treatment effect estimate, se_k. The treatment effect (across k groups) is variable across groups, with hyper-SD parameter σ_(τ).
The quantity of interest is ratio of variation in treatment effects to the total variation. By convention, we subtract it from 1, to obtain a pooling metric p.
p = 1 - (σ_(τ)^2 / (σ_(τ)^2 + se_k^2))
Note that, since σ_{τ}^2 is a Bayesian parameter (rather than a single fixed value), p is also a parameter. It is typical for p to have very high dispersion, as in many cases we cannot precisely estimate σ_{τ}. To obtain the whole distribution of_p_ (rather than summarised values), set summary=FALSE.
Overall pooling in the model
Typically researchers want to report a single measure from the model, relating to heterogeneity across groups. This is calculated by either pooling(mymodel, type = "total") or simply heterogeneity(mymodel)
In many contexts, i.e. medical statistics, it is typical to report 1-P, called I^2 (see Higgins and Thompson, 2002; sometimes another statistic, H^2 = 1 / P, is used). Higher values of I-squared indicate higher heterogeneity; Von Hippel (2015) provides useful details for I-squared calculations.
To obtain such single estimate we need to substitute average variability of group-specific treatment effects and then calculate the same way we would calculate p. By default we use the mean across k se_k^2 values. Typically, implementations of I^2 in statistical packages use a different calculation for this quantity, which may make I's not comparable when different studies have different SE's.
Same as for group-specific estimates, P is a Bayesian parameter and its dispersion can be high.
Relationship to R-squared statistic
See Gelman & Pardoe (2006) Section 1.1 for a short explanation of how R^2 statistic relates to the pooling metric.
Gelman, Andrew, and Iain Pardoe. "Bayesian Measures of Explained Variance and Pooling in Multilevel (Hierarchical) Models." Technometrics 48, no. 2 (May 2006): 241-51.
Higgins, Julian P. T., and Simon G. Thompson. "Quantifying Heterogeneity in a Meta-Analysis." Statistics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 11, June 2002, pp. 1539–58.
Hippel, Paul T von. "The Heterogeneity Statistic I2 Can Be Biased in Small Meta-Analyses." BMC Medical Research Methodology 15 (April 14, 2015).
[Package baggr version 0.6.4 Index]


text:
hy cant i keep the parameters in the encrypt method as
private String encrypt(String word, int key)
Why do i have to use a new variable called str? I have kept the key variable the same why not the variable word?
I'm not sure I understand what you are asking.
You can give just about any name you want to the parameters received by a method:
private String encrypt(String theWordToWorkOn, int theKeyThatWillBeUsed)
It is usually better and less confusing if the variable names local to a method are unique to that method and NOT the same as class variables. If they have the same names, the class variables are "shadowed" and not used. This can be a problem if you forget which variable you are using. You could think you are setting a class variable but are really working with a local one. When the method exits, the class variable is unchanged.
Unique names prevents this problem.


text:
A herd of cows in the Yorkshire Dales are to have their every move monitored by satellite in a conservation project.
Fifty cows on the Ingleborough Nature Reserve will wear electronic collars with a Global Positioning System (GPS).
Experts hope the devices will reveal where the cows go and what they eat, helping to preserve rare vegetation.
A national park spokesman said: "It's one of the first projects to use GPS on livestock - normally they are put on animals like polar bears and tigers."
The equipment will be able to pinpoint the exact position of the cattle at any one time, down to minute details such as whether a cow is grazing, standing still or moving.
A spokesman for the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority said the project would help landowners and farmers to improve the management of the wildlife on their land by finding out where the cows go, when they go to certain areas and what they eat when they get there.
Paul Evans, manager of the nature reserve, said: "The cattle are free to roam over pretty large areas so, at any one particular time, we don't always know exactly where they are or what they are doing.
"The idea is to find out where they go and at what times of the day and the year. We can then analyse the vegetation and terrain in those areas - for example grassland, peat bog or scrub.
"That will tell us what they prefer to eat during the different seasons of the year and this will help us to assess their impact on the local ecology."
The information will help the reserve to develop management techniques to direct the cattle away from vulnerable areas and into others.
The scheme is the latest phase of a five-year Limestone Country Project, which aims to preserve rare plants and flowers by encouraging farmers to return to mixed livestock grazing using hardy, native cattle breeds.


text: Reproductive Medicine in Gynecology is ever growing area. The number of Research institutes which are working on reproductive medicine are approximately 120 and the number of Universities are around 20-30 which have the department of Medicine and the funding towards this research is over $90000 - $110000, Target audience are of Academia 20%, 50% industry and 30% of others. Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine which focuses on prevention, diagnosis and management of the reproductive problems. The goals include improving or maintaining reproductive health and allowing people to have children at a time of their choice as discussed in many gynecologic conferences and gynecologic meetings worldwide. It is focused on knowledge of reproductive anatomy, physiology and endocrinology which also incorporates relevant aspects of molecular biology, biochemistry and pathology. Regenerative medicine emphasizes on process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore/establish normal function.


text:
Icosahedron: symbol of Divine connection, the Soul
The Icosahedron has twenty faces, being created by 20 equilateral triangles with 30 edges. This shape is finely cut and polished in clear quartz with mirror planes.
It is associated with the water element and it symbolizes emotions, dreams and intuition.
Its facets and symmetries compel our eyes and hearts to observe life more deeply. Astrologically, it is associated with the water signs Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces.
To contemplate the Icosahedron is to engage in meditation upon the Divine.
- Element: Spirit/Ether
- Symbolic attributes: Divine connection, Spirit, Soul
- Sense: Hearing
- In Nature: Space, the Heavens
- In Astrology: The full zodiac
More Sacred Geometry Shapes


text:
The Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change is a center funded by the National Science Foundation that studies processes of change in forest environments as mediated by institutional arrangements, demographic factors, and other major human driving forces. CIPEC is directed by Tom Evans.CIPEC uses three broad questions to organize its diverse research agenda:
- How are regional and global political and economic processes linked to human behaviors at household and community levels?
- How can macro-scale physical and biological processes observed and modeled at a global scale be linked to meso and micro human organizational and decision-making processes?
- How do institutional arrangements influence the direction and size of the impact of human driving forces, such as population density and transportation networks, on ecosystems and global change?
CIPEC activities include interdisciplinary training and research on these questions focusing primarily on the Western Hemisphere while at the same time working interactively with other HDGC centers. Sustained training efforts directed toward the conduct of new fieldwork will include research methods ranging from (a) the interpretation of data collected by satellite and aerial photographs based on detailed studies of woody vegetation composition and condition in a sample of sites at diverse latitudes, (b) the use of GIS and relational databases to integrate vector and raster data obtained from various scales, (c) the use of household surveys to obtain data about family and farm-level decision making, (d) the use of group interviews and forest mensuration techniques to obtain insight into the decisions made by user groups and their impact on local forest resources, and (e) use of archival and census data from diverse jurisdictional levels, time periods, and countries to give estimates of the population dynamics involved.
CIPEC was originally funded as part of the Human Dimension Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Original Press Release:
- Food and Agriculture Organization
- The Ford Foundation
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- The Mountain Institute
- The Nature Conservancy
Social Science Research Centers


text:
The aims of the PhD project are to (1) investigate the mechanics of the adhesive structures of marine mussel plaques attached to various wet surfaces; (2) develop mussel plaque inspired engineering solutions that exhibit extreme mechanical behaviours.
Marine mussels can attach various wet surfaces via a unique adhesive structure, the plaques. Mussel plaques can maintain high performance, long–lasting anchorages that allow mussels to survive the significant dynamic forces exerted by the turbulent tidal currents as well as by the attack from predators. Understanding of the mechanics and mechanisms of how marine mussel plaques interact with wet surfaces can contribute toward developing bioinspired engineering solutions such as high performance adhesive materials, novel approaches for joining dissimilar materials as well as high performance lightweight structures.
The PhD will focus on the mechanics of (1) the internal structure of the plaque core and (2) the interfaces within the adhesive structures of a mussel plaque. Test samples mimicking the adhesive structures will 3D-printed for investigation. Finite element simulations will be conducted to interpret the experimental finding. The PhD will also develop mussel plaque inspired approaches to join dissimilar engineering materials
Full university fees are covered at the level set for UK/EU students (£4,407 p.a.). The stipend (tax-free maintenance grant) is £15,285 p.a. for the first year, and at least this amount for a further two.
The studentship is funded by Leverhulme Trust and is open to UK/EU students (full award – fees plus stipend). A limited amount of partial funding is available for exceptional international applicants who are highly qualified and motivated.
Prospective candidates will be judged according to how well they meet the following criteria:
- A 2.1 class or above honours degree in Applied Maths, Engineering, Physics or Materials Science
- Good written English and spoken communication skills
The following skills are desirable but not essential:
- Ability to program in Matlab
- Familiarity with FEM and Abaqus
- Experimental testing on materials and structures
Please direct any enquiries to Dr. Tao Liu, [email protected]
Please apply online directly here.
When applying for this studentship, please include the reference number (ENG1402 and supervisors name, Dr Tao Liu) within the personal statement section of the application. This will help in ensuring your application is sent directly to the academic advertising the studentship.


text:
How Many National Parks Are There?
Depends How You Ask
Dec 29, 2022 | By Will Hurd
Santa Elena Canyon in Big Bend National Park
8 min read
When it comes to the question of how many national parks there are in the US, the answer isn't as straightforward as you might imagine. It all depends on what you mean by "national park." In this blog, we'll dive into the different definitions and explain why the answer isn't so simple.
There are a few different ways to answer the question, "how many national parks there are in the US?" If you're asking how many national parks in the United States are specifically designated as "national parks" by the National Park Service, the answer is 63. However, in addition to these 63 national parks the National Park Service (NPS) also manages other types of federal lands. If you count all the places that the NPS manages, the number jumps up to 425 as of November 2023.
This larger number includes places that are designated as national monuments, national preserves, national historic sites, national recreation areas, and more. While these places are managed by the NPS, they aren't technically considered "national parks" even though they are often referred to as such.
Before breaking down the different kinds of places managed by the NPS in the national parks system, let me share my favorites.
My Top 5 Favs
I served as the co-chair of the National Parks Caucus when I was in Congress. I represented 8 of America's national parks in my congressional district. These experiences taught me the importance of conserving our nation's natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of current and future generations.
I didn't have the opportunity to visit national parks when I was a kid, but it's something I love to do now. While California has the most national parks, and not every state has a national park, It's easy to find your park near you. Once you do, I guarantee visiting them will become a lifelong passion. Here are my top 5 favorites:
Haleakalā National Park
Bamboo Forest in Haleakalā National Park, Source: Sahil Yadav
Haleakalā National Park is located on the island of Maui in Hawaii. It is known for its stunning sunrise views from the summit of Haleakala, a massive volcano. One of the highlights of this park is the chance to see the endangered Hawaiian goose, known as the Nēnē, which can only be found in Hawaii. Another highlight is the opportunity to hike through the park's diverse ecosystems, including subalpine forests and desert-like cinder cones.
The Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site
The Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site in Hyde Park New York
The Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site is located in New York state and is the former home of the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. One of the highlights of this park is the chance to tour the Roosevelt family home, which has been preserved to look just as it did when the Roosevelts lived there. Another highlight is the opportunity to learn about FDR's life and accomplishments through exhibits and interactive displays.
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
View of the town of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park in West Virginia
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park is in West Virginia and is known for its role in American history. One of the highlights of this park is the chance to visit the Armory and Arsenal. It played a key role in arming and equipping the Union army during the Civil War. Another highlight is the opportunity to take a guided tour of the town. It was founded in 1747 and has a rich history of industrialization and abolition.
Big Bend National Park
Canoers approach a dramatic gorge on the Rio Grande River in Big Bend National Park in Brewster County, Texas. Mexico is on the left, the United States to the right. Source: Library of Congress
Of all the 63 National parks in the United States, Big Bend would probably be the one that I have spent the most time in. Big Bend National Park is located in far West Texas where night skies are dark as coal and rivers carve temple-like canyons in ancient limestone. The park is named for the bend in the Rio Grande River. One of the highlights of this park is the opportunity to go rafting or kayaking in the Rio Grande. Another highlight is the chance to see a variety of wildlife, including javelinas, roadrunners, and rattlesnakes.
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
The Alamo, one of the sites in San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, in 2016. Source: Wikimedia Commons
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park is located in Texas and is home to four Spanish colonial missions that were established in the 18th century. One of the highlights of this park is the chance to visit Mission San Jose. It's known for its beautiful stonework and historic gardens. Another highlight is the Alamo, an important symbol of Texas independence and a place to learn about the history of the missions and the role they played for over 300 years in the development of the region.
The National Park Service (NPS)
We wouldn't have amazing places like Big Bend or the home of FDR if it wasn't for the National Park Service. The NPS was established in 1916 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Whether it's the smallest national park, Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas or one of the newest national parks like Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park in Georgia, or the largest national park Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve in Alaska, The NPS mission is the same: "preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations."
As an agency of the United States federal government, they are responsible for managing and preserving a collection of 425 national parks, monuments, and other natural and cultural resources. These gems cover more than 85 million acres in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and US territories. Because no two places are alike, they are hard to categorize. This is why the terms used to describe these national treasures are sometimes confusing.
Here, we'll break down the different types of places managed in the national park system by the NPS and provide a few examples of each.
South Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park in 2013. Source: Murray Foubister
National parks are areas that have been designated by the United States government as protected land. These 63 national treasures are usually chosen for their natural beauty, unique geological features, or historical significance. Some of the most popular national parks include:
- Yellowstone National Park in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming – At Yellowstone National Park you can embark on a journey through Yellowstone's vast wilderness. Geysers erupt with nature's fury. Wildlife roams freely across the rugged landscape. The beauty of the world's first national park unfolds in a symphony of awe-inspiring vistas and serene, starlit nights.
- Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona – At Grand Canyon National Park visitors can stand on the edge of the Grand Canyon's timeless grandeur. Colorful stratum tells a story millions of years old. This vast, majestic chasm beckons adventurers and dreamers alike to ponder the Earth's magnificent splendor.
- Yosemite National Park in California – In Yosemite National Park an explorer gets to wander through Yosemite's enchanting realm, where granite monoliths like El Capitan and Half Dome rise as nature's cathedrals. Waterfalls cascade with thunderous applause, and meadows and forests offer a tranquil retreat from the modern world.
- Sequoia National Park in California – In the land of giants, Sequoia National Park stands supreme. A place where the world's largest trees reach for the skies, creating a living cathedral and a humbling reminder of nature's enduring power and grace.
- Glacier National Park in Montana – Glacier National Park is a realm where the remnants of the Ice Age still sculpt the land. Rugged peaks and reflective lakes whisper tales of ancient times, inviting explorers to witness the raw beauty of a landscape carved by glaciers.
Path through the trees in Muir Woods National Monument in 2022. Source: Marty Aligata
The most significant category of national parks are national monuments. In general, smaller than those outlined above, the 84 members of this category are usually designated as being aimed towards conserving natural, historical, and cultural resources. These include prehistoric camping grounds, secluded campsites, and stunning natural wonders. Some of the most popular national monuments are:
- Lava Bed National Monument in California – Lava Bed National Monument beckons the adventurous to its labyrinth of lava-hole caves. Shadows play on ancient rock and every turn invites discovery in the subterranean wilds.
- Petroglyph National Monument in New Mexico – Nearly 25,000 sculptures etched into volcanic rocks by ancestral Pueblo peoples enchant and mystify visitors to Petroglyph National Monument
- Devil's Tower National Monument in Wyoming – The Devil's Tower National Monument rises solemnly above the rolling prairie. It's a monolithic testament to Earth's volcanic past and inspires awe as America's first national monument.
- Muir Woods National Monument in California – You will find a sanctuary of serenity among the towering redwoods in Muir Woods National Monument. The quiet grandeur of ancient groves whispers the secrets of millennia in the cool, mist-laden air.
National Historic Sites
Fort Sumter National Historic Site in 2018. Sort: Clynnwersch
The 73


Skip to definition.
Noun: chips chips
 1. Strips of potato fried in deep fat
 - french fries, french-fried potatoes, fries
Noun: chip chip
 1. A small fragment of something broken off from the whole
 "a chip of rock caught him in the eye";
 - bit, flake, fleck, scrap
 2. (seafaring) a triangular wooden float attached to the end of a log line
 3. A piece of dried bovine dung
 - cow chip, cow dung, buffalo chip
 4. [N. Amer] A thin crisp slice of potato fried in deep fat
 - crisp [Brit], potato chip [N. Amer], Saratoga chip, potato crisp [Brit]
 5. A mark left after a small piece has been chopped or broken off of something
 - check
 6. A small disk-shaped counter used to represent money when gambling
 - poker chip
 - microchip, micro chip, silicon chip, microprocessor chip
 8. (golf) a low running approach shot
 - chip shot
 9. The act of chipping something
 - chipping, splintering
Verb: chip (chipped,chipping) chip
 1. Break off (a piece from a whole)
 "Her tooth chipped";
 - chip off, come off, break away, break off
 2. Cut a nick into
 - nick
 3. (golf) play a chip shot
 4. Form by chipping
 "They chipped their names in the stone"
 5. Break a small piece off from
 "chip a tooth"; "chip the glass";
 - knap, cut off, break off
Derived forms: chipses
See also: chip at
Type of: aloo [Asia], approach, approach shot, blemish, break, breakage, breaking, counter, cut, defect, divide, droppings, dung, float, forge, form, fragment, Irish potato, mar, mold [N. Amer], mould [Brit, Cdn], muck, murphy, part, potato, scat, semiconductor, semiconductor device, semiconductor unit, separate, shape, shoot, snack food, spud, tater, tatie [UK, dialect], tattie [UK, dialect], white potato, work
Encyclopedia: Chips, cheese and gravy


EmberCommandEntry Struct Reference
Command entry for a command table.
_TAG_
Data Fields
const char * name
CommandAction action
const char * argumentTypes
const char * description
const char *const * argumentDescriptions
Command entry for a command table.
Field Documentation
◆ action
CommandAction EmberCommandEntry::action
A reference to a function in the application that implements the command. If this entry refers to a nested command, then action field has to be set to NULL.
◆ argumentDescriptions
const char* const* EmberCommandEntry::argumentDescriptions
An array of strings, with a NULL terminator, indicating what each argument is.
◆ argumentTypes
const char* EmberCommandEntry::argumentTypes
In case of normal (non-nested) commands, argumentTypes is a string that specifies the number and types of arguments the command accepts. The argument specifiers are:
 - u: one-byte unsigned integer.
 - v: two-byte unsigned integer
 - w: four-byte unsigned integer
 - s: one-byte signed integer
 - r: two-byte signed integer
 - q: four-byte signed integer
 - b: string. The argument can be entered in ascii by using quotes, for example: "foo". Or it may be entered in hex by using curly braces, for example: { 08 A1 f2 }. There must be an even number of hex digits, and spaces are ignored.
 - *: zero or more of the previous type. If used, this must be the last specifier.
 -?: Unknown number of arguments. If used this must be the only character. This means, that command interpreter will not perform any validation of arguments, and will call the action directly, trusting it that it will handle with whatever arguments are passed in.
 -!: Optional argument delimiter. If the command input has sufficient arguments such that the parser ends on a! symbol, then the command will be considered valid, even if it does not necessarily process the entire argumentTypes string. If there are additional arguments beyond a!, but still fewer arguments than the next either the next! or the end of the string, then the command will be considered invalid. Note that this leaves the called CommandAction function to actually validate what number of optional arguments it actually got. Example: Given a argumentTypes String: uu!vv!u!vv The following inputs type orders are valid: uu, uuvv, uuvvu, uuvvuvv The following are invalid: u, uuv, uuvvuv, uuvvuvvv
Integer arguments can be either decimal or hexidecimal. A 0x prefix indicates a hexidecimal integer. Example: 0x3ed.
In case of a nested command (action is NULL), then this field contains a pointer to the nested EmberCommandEntry array.
◆ description
const char* EmberCommandEntry::description
A description of the command.
◆ name
const char* EmberCommandEntry::name
Use letters, digits, and underscores, '_', for the command name. Command names are case-sensitive.
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:
 - command-interpreter2.h


text:
What does it mean? Part 2
Dr. Bob and I are taking turns explaining the implications of the recent Nature paper. In the first post, Dr. Bob discussed two very important questions: "How big?" and How massive?" In this post, I'm going to cover another big-picture topic: the orientation of the disk.
I'll start with what we thought happened. Most of the literature drew the disk as something that more-or-less bisected the F-star, following Kemp's 1986 drawing (note, a similar drawing was also published in the 1985 epsilon Aurigae conference proceedings):
We now know that this picture was very, very close to being correct. Considering that the parameters in the paper (see pg. L13 of Kemp's work above) all scale to the radius of the F-star, Kemp et. al. did a good job of estimating the parameters for the disk just from polarimetric data and modelling! The only large change is the point of first contact which was assumed to be in the northern hemisphere. Instead, it is clearly in the southern hemisphere.
A big question, and a good team project, might be to investigate whether or not Kemp's polarization data is consistent with the current findings. If it isn't, this could mean the disk or orbit has precessed significantly in the 27 year since the last eclipse! (if you are interested in doing this, please contact me).
For those of you who do not have access to Nature, I have extracted a few parameters in the table below (these are rounded, the parameters in the paper are more precise):
|Disk Radius*||3.8 AU|
|Disk Thickness**||0.76 AU|
|Central Opening (?)||0.5 AU?|
|Disk Inclination**||85 +/- 5 or 95 +/- 5 degrees|
|Disk Tilt**||< 20 degrees|
|Orbital Inclination (?)||88 +/- 2|
* From "Infrared images of the transiting disk in the ε Aurigae system" by Kloppenborg et. al. 2010 April, Nature
** From "Taming the Invisible Monster: System Parameter Constraints for Epsilon Aurigae from the Far-Ultraviolet to the Mid-Infrared" by Hoard et. al. 2010 ApJ.
(?) Unknown parameter, this is a best-guess.
Try out these values in the new light curve generator and see how close you can get the light curve to match with previously observed values! Do the parameters work? If not, what do you think is wrong? Do we have the entire picture or is there more to discover?


text:
If your computer is running hot or battery is running out quickly, then it is most likely due to some application or process consuming high CPU or memory. If you keep running applications for a long time, for example, Outlook, then it continues to grow in memory consumption and does not free up memory efficiently. As a result, your computer runs out of physical memory and other applications run slower. Sometimes Outlook, browser, image editing applications or some other applications start taking full CPU as they get into some infinite loop and make your CPU hot and you get sluggish performance from your application.
CPUAlert is an application that monitors CPU and memory consumption of applications and alerts you if some application is consistently taking high CPU or high memory. It will not only save your CPU and battery's lifetime but also make your computer run smoothly and let your active applications run as fast as possible.
How to Use the Application
While it is running, if some process is consuming more than 200 MB memory, it will show you an alert:
Here you can see that my Outlook is taking 244 MB of physical RAM.
You can either postpone the alert for 5 mins (just press ESC), or ignore the process permanently so that you no longer receive alerts for the process anymore, or you can close it and reclaim memory.
The handy feature is "Restart" which closes the application and starts again. This generally frees up memory that clogs up the process.
The same alert will come up if some process is consuming more than 30% CPU for over 5 mins.
You can configure all these settings like what's the tolerable limit for CPU and memory, how frequently to show the alert, how long to wait before closing an application, etc. by right clicking on the Task bar icon and choosing Settings.
The application registers itself to start at Windows startup. If you want to remove it from Windows Startup, just delete the application shortcut from Start Menu->All Programs->Startup menu.
Using the Code
CPU Alert is a small project. The important files are:
- MonitorCPUForm.cs: This is the main window which is loaded when the app starts. It hides itself in the system tray and keeps the app running in background. It also hosts a "Settings" view which lets you change the CPU and Memory threshold, alert interval, etc. It also orchestrates the operations and shows the necessary alerts.
- KillProcessForm.cs: It has just the UI for the alert that you see in the above popup. No intelligence.
- Monitor.cs: This is the important class that does the monitoring, measurement of CPU and Memory usage and raises the alert. If you want to have this kind of feature in your application, you can reuse this class.
Let's look at the Monitor.cs class first which has the brainpower to monitor CPU and memory. It uses WMI to monitor the processes. I tried using
Process class first and tried to access the
TotalProcessorTime but it gave me "Access Denied" for processes like
mysqld. For some processes, I did not get the
WorkingSet and so on. Then I tried using
PerformanceCounter to get the CPU and Memory usage of process. It was too expensive to query Performance Counter for each process. So, I had to rely on WMI to give me the information.
private ManagementObjectSearcher _Searcher =
"SELECT IDProcess, Name, PercentProcessorTime, Description,
WorkingSet FROM Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Process");
private List GetUsage()
var processes = new List();
foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in _Searcher.Get())
var process = new ProcessInfo
Id = Convert.ToInt32(queryObj["IDProcess"]),
Name = Convert.ToString(queryObj["Name"]),
CpuUsage = Convert.ToInt32(queryObj["PercentProcessorTime"]),
Description = Convert.ToString(queryObj["Description"]),
WorkingSet = Convert.ToInt64(queryObj["WorkingSet"]),
process.Title = process.Name;
process.Title = process.Description;
if (process.Id > 0)
Pretty straight forward. The only cool thing to learn here is I declared the
ManageObjectSearcher as a
private variable, not a local variable to this function because it seems creating and disposing it every time the
GetUsage function is called is very expensive. CPU was getting 20% for about 30 seconds on
WMIpserv.exe whenever I tried to create and dispose the searcher.
Closing a process turned out to be a R&D challenge. You can kill a process by calling
Process.Kill, but that terminates the process abnormally. If you are killing Outlook this way, it causes data corruption. So, you have to gracefully close the application. However, if some app is stuck and taking 100% CPU, trying to close it gracefully does not work. You have to take drastic measures. In that case, killing it is only the solution.
So, first I try to close the process gently:
private void CloseProcess(ProcessInfo processToKill)
Process process = Process.GetProcessById(processToKill.Id);
processToKill.Path = process.MainModule.FileName;
catch (Exception closeException)
if (MessageBox.Show(this, "Unable to close process: "
+ (processToKill.Title) + Environment.NewLine
+ closeException.Message + Environment.NewLine
+ "Do you want to kill it?", "Unable to close process",
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) == DialogResult.Yes)
Here it calls the
Process.CloseMainWindow function to send a shutdown message to the process. If the process has a visual window, it will receive the message and hopefully it will close itself soon. If there's no visual window, then it will not receive the message and it will not shutdown. So, we will have to kill it.
Even if some process receives the shutdown message, it may not terminate properly if it's stuck in some infinite loop. In that case, we need to check back after a while if it's still running and then kill it.
private void KillProcess(ProcessInfo processToKill)
foreach (Process process in Process.GetProcessesByName(processToKill.Name))
if (process.Id == processToKill.Id)
catch (Exception killException)
MessageBox.Show(this, "Unable to kill process: "
+ Environment.NewLine + "You should restart your computer",
"Unable to kill process",
This function is fired from a timer. We wait for a while and then go for the kill. First check, if the process is still lying around. If it is, then kill it.
Another interesting topic is memory usage. As you know, Windows Forms apps when started, take up about 10 MB to 15 MB memory. It's too much for a utility which is running in the background and trying to save you some memory. It's because when.NET WinForms libraries load, they load a lot of stuff hoping you would need it and it would save additional load time. So, I had to force.NET to flush out any unused stuff. I have a
MemoryHelper which does this:
static class MemoryHelper
static extern int EmptyWorkingSet(IntPtr hwProc);
public static void ClearMemory()
First it forces a Garbage Collection, then it calls the
EmptyWorkingSet function on
psapi.dll to flush out the working set, which is the physical memory allocation. I don't know whether or not it works, but at least Taskbar shows that the app now takes only 5 MB memory. Super!
CPUAlert will save you from slowing down your PC or burning out laptop batteries quickly. If you find it useful, please spread the love. Start by voting for this article.
- 2nd March, 2010: Initial post


Abigail A Static Character In The Crucible
462 Words2 Pages
A static character is someone whose personality does not change as a story developes. An example of a static character is Abigail Williams from Arthur Miller's play The Crucible. Abigail keeps the same goals and motives as the play develops. Throughout the play Abigail is manipulative of others around her and lies to benefit herself. The first two acts of the play show how Abigail manipulates others and lies to prevent getting in trouble for what she did. In the first half of the play Abigail lies and threatens others to keep from getting in trouble when her uncle catches her and other girls dancing in the forest. Abigail was caught doing something strictly forbidden in her society and is scared that Betty, Abigail's cousin, may tell on her and hit Betty. The text states, "Betty, you will never say that again! You will never-' Smashes her across the face: 'Shut it! Now shut it!" Abigail is scared of what her uncle would do if he were to find out that she was dancing and drank blood. In act two of the play Abigail wants to be with Proctor but cannot and shows her jealousy of Goody Proctor. The text states, "Oh, I marvel…show more content…
Proctor knows that Abigail has accused his wife to try and get her killed so that Abigail can be with Proctor. The text states, "She thinks to dance on my wife's grave!" Abigail is deceiving the court by telling them that Goody Proctor is a witch and the court believes her since Abigail is believed to be a victim of witchcraft. As the play continues to Mary Warren is trying to tell the court that Abigail has been lying. To avoid getting in trouble Abigail uses her influence and lies that Mary sent spirits to attack her. The text state, "The wings! Her wings are spreading! Mary, please don't, don't-" Scared of getting in trouble Abigail says that Mary has cast her spirit on her. Throughout the play Abigail lies for her own benefit and manipulates
Open Document


text:
Pier is a content management system that allows users to manage their content from the browser.
The central concept in Pier is the one of Structure. For example, the current page is a structure. The Blog is also a structure, but it is slightly different than a page. A file is also a structure.
Commands can be executed on a Structure. For example, a Structure can be edited. In the current setup you can edit this site after logging in (the commands appear in the footer). Once in edit mode, you can use the Syntax. To make life easier, Pier also offers access to these commands via shortcuts.
Any Structure can be Viewed. The default View is the one that renders the structure for normal usage. Another example, is the Browse View which offers a file system like view on the Pier structures.
Any Structure has an environment which defines the template. For example, the environment of this page is Templates (you have to be logged in to see it). To set the environment to be a different page use the Settings command. To edit the environment use the Edit Design command.
A Structure can contain Widgets. For example, the environment of this page contains a menu widget on top, and a widget that enumerates the children of the current sturcture to the right.
More about Pier can be found at: _URL_.


Open-Sourcing Our Netdiag Crate
Will Glozer -
Kentik Labs is happy to announce the release of our first open-source Rust crate, netdiag, which provides scalable, asynchronous, implementations of a number of low-level network diagnostics including ping, trace, and a custom diagnostic we call knock. Netdiag is at the core of our synthetics product which monitors application and network performance using a global network of public and private agents.
Netdiag is built on top of tokio and the raw-socket crate. Diagnostic instances are Send and Sync so concurrent tasks can share the same underlying open sockets and state. This provides for efficient execution of many concurrent diagnostic tasks. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported for all diagnostics.
The following async code snippet from netdiag's ping example demonstrates using Pinger to stream ping results:
let pinger = Pinger::new(&Bind::default()).await?;
let ping = Ping { addr, count, expiry };
let stream =;
while let Some((n, item)) = {
 match item? {
 Some(d) => println!("seq {} RTT {:0.2?} ", n, d),
 None => println!("seq {} timeout", n),
Pinger::new takes a Bind reference that allows using a specific IPv4 and/or IPv6 source address. This can be useful on a host with multiple routable interfaces.
let pinger = Pinger::new(&Bind::default()).await?; returns a Stream of Some(Duration) or None results to indicate no response was received before the expiry time elapsed. StreamExt.enumerate is a convenient extension to Stream that returns the current iteration count in addition to the next value.
let stream =;
Writing async code in Rust is quite pleasant in general, however it isn't uncommon to run into ergonomics issues around pinning. stream must be pinned via futures::pin_mut prior to calling
Pinger and the ping module implement the classic ping diagnostic which uses ICMP echo request & reply packets to estimate round-trip-time (RTT) and packet loss to a host.
Ping is a simple and well-known diagnostic tool that gives a reasonably good view of network latency and packet loss in the general case. However it may not accurately reflect application performance as ICMP traffic can be handled differently than typical application protocols such as TCP and UDP.
Tracer and the trace module implement the classic traceroute diagnostic which sends UDP, or TCP, packets with an increasing time-to-live (TTL) to determine each hop in the route between source and destination. Examining latency and packet loss for each node in a route can help pinpoint network performance issues.
The netdiag trace implementation discovers multiple paths between source and destination by sending multiple probes per hop while varying the packet header. UDP probes increment the destination port for each probe while TCP probes increment the sequence number instead to allow targeting a specific destination port.
Unix implementations of traceroute usually default to sending UDP probes, however networks may block, rate-limit, or otherwise alter the profile of UDP traffic. TCP probes can bypass some or all of these issues.
Knocker and the knock module implement a custom diagnostic which performs a partial TCP handshake to estimate RTT and packet loss. Knock can provide a more accurate view of application performance since most application traffic uses TCP and networks often block or rate-limit ICMP traffic.
IPv4 & IPv6
IPv4 and IPv6 support for ping is relatively simple. ICMP raw sockets do not need the IP header when sending, and the ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 echo packet format is identical. However the ICMP type differs, the ICMP checksum must be calculated for ICMPv4, and a IPv4 raw socket receives the IP header while a IPv6 raw socket does not.
IPv4 and IPv6 support for knock & trace is more complicated. Sending and receiving TCP & UDP packets with an IPv4 raw socket require encoding & decoding the IP header. With IPv6 raw sockets the kernel manages the IP header and ancillary data is used to send and receive IP fields such as hop limit and destination address.
The raw-socket crate supports ancillary data via CMsg and the control buffer passed to the send_msg & recv_msg methods of RawSocket.
Rust at Kentik
Rust is one of the core languages used for systems development at Kentik. We rely on a significant amount of open-source software and are happy to be able to contribute back to that community. Our netdiag crate is in active use in hundreds of locations worldwide, powering tens of thousands of active diagnostic tasks, and we hope others find it useful too. And if you are a programmer interested in Rust or any of the topics covered in this post, we're hiring!


text:
Liquid fuel creation from inexhaustible sources could be utilized as a part of transportation now that there is an expanding request worldwide because of constant consumption of petroleum derivative and developing worry for natural security. The objective is to produce liquid fuel from cassava peel, determine the quantity of the liquid fuel produced from cassava peels and make necessary recommendations. The materials used for the production of the liquid fuel are Cassava peels, H2SO4 (Tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid) and Water and the cassava peels that was collected in a polythene bag from cassava market, waste dump site at Orita Challenge Ibadan, Oyo State was washed with cleaned water thoroughly and all extraneous materials were removed, samples of cassava peel were then weighed on weighing balance to determine the weight of each quantity after peeling which were chopped into smaller pieces and were transferred into pretreatment chamber where volume of tetraoxosulphate(vi) acid was added and were thoroughly mixed for about 30 minutes before heating was applied in the fermenter chamber after the slurry have been pumped into the fermenter chamber. The heating process took place for another one hour, and then the steam passing through the condenser was cooled before collection at 78oC. Afterwards, its mass and volume of the liquid fuel produced were determined. At the end of this study, the Mass of cassava peels increase ranges from 1kg to 5kg sample, volume of water ranges from 5000ml to 9000ml, amount of concentrated H2SO4 ranges from 35.00ml to 55.00ml, moisture content ranges from 24.00% to 28.00%, temperature ranges from 74.50oC to 78.50oC, which shows that increase in the mass of cassava peels, volume of water, amount of concentrated H2SO4, moisture content and temperature leads to increase in the quantity of liquid bio-fuel produced. The result above shows that the lowest volume of the liquid fuel was obtained from 0.91kg of the sample in 1hr 30 minutes while the highest volume of bio-fuel was obtained from 4.85kg of the sample, at 1hr 50 minutes and time of production leads to increase in the quantity of liquid fuel produced. It is then concluded that the more liquid bio-fuel is produced when the fermentation process of cassava peels are done using concentrated Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid than making use of cultured living organism as enzymes to speed up the rate of chemical reaction which may occur for days before fuel can be produced and recommended use of pilot scale plant for biomass production of liquid fuel instead of using laboratory methods for bio-fuel production which takes longer time.
This work by European American Journals is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License