text:
From Environmental News Network comes a press release about the discovery of a Harpy Eagle nest with chicks located in Belize, 700 miles north of the raptor's known range.
TOLEDO DISTRICT, Belize – Scientists recently discovered an active Harpy Eagle nest in the Maya Mountains of Belize. Thought to be locally extinct in Belize since 2000 and extirpated from Mexico and most of Central America north of Panama, Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) are designated as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are considered "Critically Endangered" in Belize.
This discovery by a team from the Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education is significant because the active nest represents the most-northerly known Harpy Eagle nest in the Americas. According to H. Lee Jones, author of The Birds of Belize, it is the first active Harpy Eagle nest recorded in Belize. Over 1100 km (~700 miles) separate these eagles from other populations.
Harpy Eagles are known as the most powerful eagle in the Americas, hunting prey as large as monkeys and sloths for food. With 7-foot wingspans and individual birds weighing up to 20 pounds, they are a formidable predator. Due to deforestation and hunting, Harpy Eagles are typically missing from most of Central America's rainforests where they once freely ranged.
Labels: endangered, raptors


text:
Great Britain Historical Geographical Information System (GBHGIS)
2. hearth tax, 1664: surrey
The Hearth Tax returns of the 1660s and 1670s are another important historical source. It was levied twice a year at Lady Day and Michaelmas and was based on taxing each hearth at a rate of 2 shillings a year payable in two instalments. In collaboration with Prof. Margaret Spufford and Dr. Susan Rose of the Hearth Tax Centre at the Roehampton Institute, London we have been attempting to systematically map the Hearth Tax at parish level.
This work is still at an early stage but below we have an example of the location of one hearth households in Surrey on Lady Day, 1664. In this case all the data have been assigned to parishes, largely as a result of work done at the Roehampton Institute. On the map Southwark is unshaded as it was treated differently from the rest of the county, the other unshaded areas have no data as a result of damage to the original manuscript.
Having only one hearth was seen as a sign of relative poverty, this map therefore suggests that the area near London was relatively affluent while the areas further away, particularly in the south west of the county were relatively impoverished.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Notoryctemorphia order is represented by 1 family containing
a single genus and species, Notoryctes typhlops;
although some scientists recognize a second species,
Notorcytes caurinus. The fossil history for this
order was unknown until recently when fossils from the
middle Miocene of Queensland were discovered. This new
information suggests a relationship (although distant)
between Notoryctes and Peramelemorphia.
is found in north and east central Western Australia,
southern Northern Territory and western South Australia.
They inhabit dry desert areas along river flats among
scrubby bushes. While they do tunnel and are highly
adapted for this activity, Notoryctemorphia also spends
a fair amount of time on the surface. Their excavations
are usually shallow and collapse easily behind as they
both day and night, Notoryctemorphia is well suited
for digging. They possess fused vertebrae in the neck
and a horny shield over the front of the head which
together allows the animal to bore through the soil.
They push the dirt and gravel out of the way with highly
modified front digits and flattened hind limbs. This
species is blind having only vestigial eyes under the
skin each with a reduced optic nerve. They are marsupials
with the young completing development in a pouch that


What is an.xcodeproj file?
Xcode tracks "projects" with a file called SomeProject.xcodeproj.
Actually, like workspaces, it's not a file at all - it's a directory.
The important file in it is project.pbxproj ("Project Builder XCode Project").
The rough syntax looks like:
//!$*UTF8*$!
 foo = {
 isa = blah;
 jtzht = (
 qux /* jyrjhetz */,
 barf /* grhtz */,
 bam = 0;
 bar = blah /* some comment */;
So you have:
It's roughly JSON in its expressiveness.
The first is special and mandatory: it indicates the encoding of the rest of the file.
A project.pbxproj file is pretty big; it contains boatloads of settings about your project. It mainly says:
The overall schema is pretty simple:
//!$*UTF8*$!
 archiveVersion = 1;
 classes = {
 objectVersion = 46;
 objects = {
 FD9C41C61DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41D31DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 rootObject = FD9C41C61DDE16AB001EC7D1;
The objects dictionary is the important bit. It defines a GRAPH. The keys of the dictionary are the vertices, and each object definition can reference other objects. Xcode creates odd IDs for objects, e.g. FD9C41C61DDE16AB001EC7D1.
A distinguished object is the rootObject. This defines the project.
There are a few different kinds of "object". Each is a dictionary with an isa property. There are many types: PBXBuildFile, PBXFileReference, PBXFrameworksBuildPhase, PBXGroup, PBXNativeTarget, PBXProject, PBXHeadersBuildPhase, PBXResourcesBuildPhase, PBXSourcesBuildPhase, PBXVariantGroup, XCBuildConfiguration, XCConfigurationList, PBXContainerItemProxy, XCConfigurationList, PBXTargetDependency.
The object dictionary is grouped by this type, with each section delimited by a comment, e.g.:
objects = {
/* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
 FD9C41D41DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41DD1DDE1FD0001EC7D1 =...;
/* End PBXBuildFile section */
/* Begin PBXFileReference section */
 FD9C41CF1DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41D21DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41D31DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41DC1DDE1FD0001EC7D1 =...;
/* End PBXFileReference section */
/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
 FD9C41C91DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
 FD9C41D71DDE16AB001EC7D1 =...;
/* End XCConfigurationList section */
Examples of objects:
With Vidrio
With generic competitor
More by Jim
Tagged. All content copyright James Fisher 2016. This post is not associated with my employer. Found an error? Edit this page.


Every Adjective in the Dictionary Applies to Lyndon Johnson
July 24, 2020
In this episode of Horns of a Dilemma, Doyle Hodges, executive editor of the Texas National Security Review, sits down with Mark Lawrence, director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, to discuss the inner workings of the presidential library system and the purposes they serve. Who runs them and who funds them? What mission do they serve? Does every President get one? Lawrence and Hodges also examine the complicated history and contradictory characteristics of President Johnson himself.


text:
The ice cream cone making machine production video is show you, the machine can make the ice cream cones with different shapes and sizes, and the capacity is also different.
The production process of the ice cream cone machine:
1. Brush some oils on the surface of the upper mold and bottom mold.
2. Adjust the temperature control knob and heat the mold.
3. Pull the upper mold and close the lower mold when the temperature rises up.
4. Pour the ice cream cone making liquid into the bottom mold.
5. Match the upper mold and lower mold together.
6. Wait one to two minutes, the ice cream cone will form the shape.
7. Pull up the upper mold and open the bottom mold, the finished ice cream cones will slip down automatically through the channel.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Arthur Erickson is British Columbia's best-known architect. Among the many fine works he has designed in British Columbia and around the globe is the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia. Erickson was inspired by post-and-beam First Nations architecture and interpreted these designs in concrete.
"In Erickson's mind, one of the most successful aspects of the museum is the way visitors move systematically through the galleries. The ability to bring artifacts from the research collection out of storage, allowing the public to view the full expanse of the museum's collection, was also very important to him. Erickson was very pleased with the way the Native American Indians accepted the museum, or in his words, 'adopted the museum.' Tribes hold events at the museum such as potlatches and salmon bakes. The Haida longhouse outside of the museum is sometimes used as a steam house. This was an unforeseen but welcomed use of the museum and for Erickson a major indicator of success.
Overall, Erickson said he strove for a 'tranquility of space,' where there is a resolution of forces to bring the building into balance."


text:
x = [ 2 -1 -3]
y = [1.5 -1]
First N Perfect Squares
Reverse the vector
sum of non-primes
Volume and area of a sphere
Create a two dimensional zero matrix
Calculate the integral of the polynomial
Find the minimum element of the matrix
calculate linear convolution two vectors
Calculate the derivative of a polynomial
generate a matrix of Legendre polynomials
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
In a symplectic manifold $(X^{2n},\omega)$, a hypersurface $Y\subset X$ has contact-type if there is a contact form $\lambda$ such that $d\lambda=\omega|_Y$. Recall that a contact form is a 1-form with $\lambda\wedge(d\lambda)^{n-1}>0$, i.e. the opposite of a foliation. For example, a starshaped hypersurface has contact-type in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$, or more generally an $Y\subset\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ transverse to a Liouville vector field defined in a neighborhood of $Y$. In particular, any contact manifold $Y$ is a contact-type hypersurface in a symplectic manifold (the symplectization $\mathbb{R}\times Y$).
Now it's nice and useful to consider symplectic manifolds where its boundary has contact-type. And this can usually be done given a compact symplectic manifold (cobordism between contact manifolds).
This leads to the question of whether or not you can always build such a space. In other words:
Given a random hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$, is it of contact-type? How do you tell when it's not of contact-type?
Edit: In light of the posted responses, I think it would be appropriate to tweak one of the questions above. In particular, it was essentially pointed out twice that in the "set of hypersurfaces" there are open neighborhoods which contain no contact-type ones. But, are "most" hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ of contact-type? i.e. Should I expect my hypersurface to be of contact-type?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Not all hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ are of contact type.
Weinstein, in the paper: "On the hypothesis of Rabinowitz' periodic orbit theorems", where he defined the concept of contact type, gives a criterion. If $H^1(\Sigma)=0$, and $\Sigma$ is of contact type, then the characteristic line bundle comes with a distinguished orientation, determined by those vectors $\xi$ such that $\alpha(\xi)>0$ for all contact forms $\alpha$. This is independent of the contact form. For periodic orbits this induces a positivity criterion. In the same paper he also constructs an hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$ which is not of contact type, by showing that the criterion is violated.
Many hypersurfaces are of contact type, as you remarked. Another nice example are mechanical hypersurfaces. These are hypersurfaces arising as level sets from hamiltonians $H=T+V$, where $T$ is the kinetic energy term $T=\frac{1}{2}\vert p\vert^2$, and $V$ is a potential depending only on $q$. This works in general cotangent bundles.
share|improve this answer
I haven't read Weinstein's paper, so this example may be essentially the same, but Hofer and Zehnder give an example of a wine bottle $S^3$ in $\mathbb{R}^4$ in their book (at the end of section 4.3). – Sam Lisi Aug 24 '12 at 9:09
Also, to emphasize something implicit in the examples of Weinstein and Hofer-Zehnder is that a small perturbation won't allow you to make them contact. (This is discussed somewhat in Hofer-Zehnder, if I am not mistaken.) This tells you that being of contact-type is not generic for a hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$. – Sam Lisi Aug 24 '12 at 9:26
Here is an example of a surface which cannot be made of contact type even after isotopy. The elliptic surface $E(1)$ is obtained by blowing up $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$ nine times. It is a symplectic four-manifold with fibre of genus 1 and 12 singular fibres. If we make a fibred connected sum between two copies of E(1) we obtain the elliptic surface $E(2)$, which is a symplectic four-manifold with fibre of genus 1 and 24 singular fibres.
Then $E(2)$ is separated by a torus $T^3$ into two pieces which are diffeomorphic to the complement of a regular fibre in $E(1)$. This shows that the separating torus cannot be made of contact type because, by a result of Chris Wendl, all strong fillings of $T^3$ are diffeomorphic to a blow up of $T^*T^2$.
share|improve this answer
There are also examples that are characterized dynamically. By Viterbo, every contact-type hypersurface of $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ carries a closed Reeb orbit, i.e. a closed leaf of the characteristic line bundle. (Actually, Hofer and Zehnder show this is true for any stable hypersurface.) There are examples of autonomous Hamiltonians on $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ that fail to have any closed orbits on a specific level set, thus providing examples of hypersurfaces that fail to be stable. These are due to Ginzburg and Gurel.
share|improve this answer
The condition is clearly quite restricting however it is obvious that no effective proceedure could exist to determine if a hypersurface is or is not of contact type.
share|improve this answer
_USER_: welcome to MO! I had some questions, I was wondering if we could chat over email (if you have time and are willing to). I cannot locate your email but mine is on my website. – Chris Gerig Jan 1 '13 at 19:01
Your Answer


Oracle FAQ Your Portal to the Oracle Knowledge Grid
Re: terminology
From: Cimode <>
Date: 18 Jun 2006 11:55:56 -0700
Message-ID: <>
Speaking of terminilogy...and preciseness...
Marshall wrote:
> There's a lot of terminological discussion floating around right now,
> and some of it is really bad.
> Most basically, a relation is a subset of a product of sets.
What the hell is a product of sets? sets of what? product is exclusively an arithmetic operation. Which one are refering to?
What allows to qualify a relation as a subset of the exclusive output arithmetics operations?
> In the c.d.t. context, we mean a little more than that, because
> of keys and possibly constraints, and because each of the sets
> has an associated name, but that's the basic idea. A particular
> relation is a value.
No. A particular occurence of relvar in time is a value. A relation is not a relvar. A relvar is an elementary component of a relation.
> A variable is a construct that has an associated value, and also
A variable is defined and can live totally independently from the values it holds...Defining a value holder according to a value is incorrect.
As an analogy, do you define a recipient according to its content? Do you define a glass of water according to water...Both are totally independent. Water is H2O and glass of water is mainly Carbon
> has some associated destructive update operation, usually
> assignment.
What the hell is associated *destructive update operation*? A sci fi movie?
In statically typed languages, a variable has an
> associated type, and updates to the variable must conform
> to that type, possibly taking subtyping in to account.
So basically you state a variable has type, a value has type, a relation has type?
The three are different. How do you define update? Subtypes are a totally different subjects....You mix up everything!
> "Relvar" is simply an abbrevation for "relation variable." No
> more and no less--just shorthand. It is a variable, and the
> static type of the variable is a relation type.
I totally disagree with such definition because your premise is false you assume
relation = relvar = relvalue
> Note that there is no distinction between "relation" and "relation
> value" the same way there is no distinction between "integer"
> and "integer value."
No. a relation is a particular of function a *relation value* is a value drawn from a domain (RM) or ensemble of values. I will use your analogy of integers to prove you wrong. *integer* refers to the complete set of values drawn from the ensemble of integers meaning ALL of them. An integer value is one specific occuring value...Which basically makes say that
ALL integers = one integer...
>There are values and there are variables.
What a level of incoherence
You just stated above that there is no difference between a variable and a value...Now you state the difference between...Make up you mind!!!
> Values have a type, and in most systems variables have
> a type, such that the variable and its associated value are
> guaranteed to have compatible types, either because the
> types are equal or because the value's type is a subtype of
> the variable's type.
You make so many confusions about RM, I seriously believe you get back to reading about RM.
> Marshall
Received on Sun Jun 18 2006 - 13:55:56 CDT
Original text of this message


text:
Not as good as one would hope!
In an often quoted study involving 768 patients with suspected PE who underwent angiography, a combination of normal A-a gradient (<20 mm Hg ), normal PaO2 (>80 mm Hg), and normal PaCO2 (>35 mm Hg) was examined to help exclude PE (1). Among patients with no known cardiopulmonary disease and normal values in all 3 parameters, over 30% still had PE, while among those with cardiopulmonary disease and normal parameters 17% had PE.
In short, normal arterial blood gases may make PE less likely, they do not by any means exclude the possibility of PE.
- Stein PD, Goldhaber SZ, Henry JW, et al. Arterial blood gas analysis in the assessment of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. CHEST 1996; 109:78-81. _URL_
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text:
Tips on helping an Aspergers child to sleep.
Children with ASD spend a lot more time and energy processing and interpreting communication in a neurotypical world.
This extra processing requires energy and it is necessary that your child has this energy. If your child has trouble sleeping an avalanche can occur whereby less sleep means less energy which means lessened capacity to interpret communications during the day leading to anxiety, meltdowns and even less sleep. I may have been a bit dramatic there but the point is made. At the end of the day, after dinner it may be a good idea to see if you can help them process some communicative issues they had during the day.
Here's some keys: do not go direct with a question and avoid questions answered with a yes or no. If they are a little run down or anxious they may not wish to talk, especially if they are a teenager a grunt or a "Good", "Yes" or "No" is most likely. Try questions like "How easy/difficult was it when you presented your talk today?" This may be followed by a "Not difficult" so follow up with "What was your favourite question you were asked?" from here a conversation should continue and as the conversation avalanche grows the ability to ask more direct questions re what's on their mind increases. Try to avoid performance questions, e.g. "How did you go at?" If the answer is "Poor" this will not work well, and likely backfire. A circling question may be "Who did well at?" when they answer and you run that answer through follow up with "How did their best friend/anybody you know go?".
Hopefully these questions will start a conversation and from here their real questions about the day will evolve. If you do this about 30 minutes before they go to bed it enables them to think your conversation through, and they will. So when saying goodnight be prepared for some final follow-up questions to assist them turn the light out in a much more relaxed state able to attack the next day with full vigour.


text:
Author: Raymond Huber
Reading Age: 10 Years
Have you ever felt like you didn't belong, you were different from everyone else? Ziggy certainly was different. He was a drone that wanted to work, had a good memory and kept breaking the hive rules.
The Queen called on Ziggy to perform an important task, where he discovered things about humans the worried him. They were using bees to sniff out explosives. Could Ziggy ever go back to the hive once he knew this?
This story is told from the point of view of Ziggy, the bee, but swaps occasionally to the diary entries of Dr Sophie (Sparkles) the bee scientist. It is an exciting read, once you realize that Ziggy is special and has to find his real family.


text:
Self-righteousness (also called sanctimoniousness, sententiousness, and holier-than-thou attitudes) is a feeling or display of (usually smug) moral superiority derived from a sense that one's beliefs, actions, or affiliations are of greater virtue than those of the average person.
The term "self-righteous" is often considered derogatory (see, for example, journalist and essayist James Fallows' description of self-righteousness in regards to Nobel Peace Prize winners) particularly because self-righteous individuals are often thought to exhibit hypocrisy due to the belief that humans are imperfect and can therefore never be infallible, an idea similar to that of the Freudian defense mechanism of reaction formation. The connection between self-righteousness and hypocrisy predates Freud's views, however, as evidenced by the 1899 book Good Mrs. Hypocrite: A Study in Self-Righteousness, by the pseudonymous author "Rita."
See also
|Look up self-righteousness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
|Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Self-righteousness|
- "holier-than-thou - definition of holier-than-thou by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
- Dictionary.com definition
- Fallows, James About self-righteousness and Al Gore The Atlantic, Oct 13 2007


Person:Sally Smith (17)
Sally Smith
b.Abt. 1743
Facts and Events
Name Sally Smith
Gender Female
Birth[1] Abt. 1743
Death[1] 22 Aug 1823 Scarborough, Cumberland, Maine, United States
Source:The Libby family in America, _PHONE_ (179368), p. 42, names Philip's wife as Sally Smith. Source:Biographical review : this volume contains biographical sketches of leading citizens of Cumberland County, Maine, p. 496, and Source:The history of Gorham, Maine, p. 608, both further identify her as Sally Smith of Berwick.
A posting on rootsweb is "looking for the parents of Sally Smith born in Berwick about 1743. She married Philip Larrabee of Scarborough. Sally died August 22, 1823 in Scarborough." A reply to the posting suggests "I cannot find a Sally Smith born in the Berwicks or Kittery near 1743. However, there was a Sarah Smith, daughter of Charles and Rebekah Smith born Feb 16, 1747 ( 1744 crossed out ) in Kittery."
Despite the calculated birth date of 1743, this is an attractive alternative, given Philip's birth in 1744, but needs confirmation to make sure this is the right person. --Jrich 14:32, 23 September 2008 (EDT)
 1. 1.0 1.1 Deaths in Scarboro, ME, in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society), 103:196.
 1823: Aug. 22: Philop Larrabee's wife died about 80 years old. (record 229) [This would give a calculated birth date of 1743.]


. Currently I think that the work of the segmenter is similar to the work of the analyzer in Lucene. To break apart the content to discrete terms. Let us check…
this certainly seems to be the case here, yep. This code run on as many cores as the machine has, each one handling a single segmentation request. Once that work is done, it is sent to another thread to actually do the indexing:
Note that the indexerRequest is basically an array of all the distinct tokens, their frequencies and the start positions in the original document. There is also handling for ranking, but for now I don't care about this, so I'll ignore this.
Sending to the indexing channel will end up invoking this code:
And the actual indexing work is done inside AddDocument. A simplified version of it is show here:
An indexer is protected by a read/write mutex (which explains why we want to have sharding, it gives us better concurrency, without having to go to concurrent data structures and it drastically simplify the code.
So, what is going on in here? For each of the keywords we found on the document, we create a new entry in the table's dictionary. With a value that contains the matching document ids. If there are already documents for this keyword, we'll search for the appropriate position in the index (using simple binary search), then place the document in the appropriate location. Basically, the KeywordIndices is (simplified) Dictionary>.
So that pretty much explains how this works. Let us look at how searches are working now…
The first interesting thing that we do when we get a search request is tokenize it (segmentize it, in Wukong terminology):
Then we call this code:
This is a fairly typical Go code. We create a bounded channel (that has a capacity as the same number of the shards), and we send it to all the shards. We'll get the reply from all of the shards, then do something with the results from all the shards.
I like this type of interaction because it is easy to model concurrent interactions with it, and it is pervasive in Go. Seems simpler than the comparable strategies in.NET, for example.
Here is a simple example of how this is used:
This is the variant without the timeout. And we are just getting the results from all the shards, note that we don't have any ordering here, we just add all the documents into one big array. I'm not sure how/if Wukong support sorting, there was a lot of stuff about ranking earlier in the codebase, but that doesn't seem to be apparent in what I saw so far, I'll look at it later. For now, let us see how a single shard is handling a search lookup request.
What I find most interesting is that there is rank options there, and document ids, which I'm not sure what they are used for. We'll look at that later, for now, the first part of looking up a search term is here:
We take a read lock, then look at the table. We need to find entries for all the keywords that we have in the query to get a result back.
This indicates that a query to Wukong has an implicit AND between all the terms in the query. The result of this is an array with all the indices for each keyword. It then continues to perform set intersection between all the matching keywords, to find all the documents that appear in all of them. Following that, it will compute the BM25 (a TF-IDF function that is used to compute ranking). After looking at the code, I found where it is actual compute the ranking. It is doing that after getting the results from all the shards, and then it is going to sort them according to their overall scores.
So that was clear enough, and it makes a lot of sense. Now, the last thing that I want to figure out before we are done, is how does Wukong handles deletions?
It turns out that I actually missed part in the search process. The indexer will just find the matching documents, but their BM25 score. It is the ranker (which is sent from the indexer, and then replying to the engine) that will actually sort them. This gives the user the chance to add their own scoring mechanism. Deletion is actually handled as a case where you have nothing to score with, and it gets filtered along the way as an uninteresting value. That means that the memory cost of having a document index cannot be alleviated by deleting it. The actual document data is still there and is kept.
It also means that there is no real facility to update a document. For example, if we have a document whose content used to say Ayende and we want to change it to Oren. We have no way of going to the Ayende keyword and removing it from there. We need to delete the document and create a new one, with a new document id.
Another thing to note is that this has very little actual functionality. There is no possibility of making complex queries, or using multiple fields. Another thing that is very different from how Lucene works is that is runs entirely in memory. While it has a persistent option, that option is actually just a log of documents being added and removed. On startup, it will need to go through the log and actually index all of them again. That means that for large systems, it is going to be a prohibitly expensive startup cost.
All in all, that is a nice codebase, and it is certainly simple enough to grasp without too much complexity. But one need to be aware of the tradeoffs associated with actually using it. I expect it to be fast, although the numbers mentioned in the benchmark page (if I understand the translated Chinese correctly) are drastically below what I would expect to see. Just to give you some idea, 1,400 requests a second are a very small number for an in memory index. I would expect something like 50,000 or so, assuming that you can get all cores to participate. But maybe they are counting this through the network?
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text:
What is in this article?:
- Minimize Heat Damage, Spoilage, Fuel Consumption When Drying Corn
- Reduce possibility of heat damage
Even though drying conditions are excellent now, some producers may be faced with drying high-moisture or immature corn this fall. To minimize spoilage during drying, do not use natural air or low-temperature drying for corn with moisture contents of more than 21%, according to Ken Hellevang, North Dakota State University Extension Service grain drying expert. Natural air drying doesn't work well in late fall because the air's drying capacity is extremely poor at temperatures below about 35° F.
When outdoor temperatures average near or below freezing, Hellevang recommends cooling the corn to 20-25° F for storage this winter and finishing drying in early April. Natural air drying is the most energyand cost-effective method of drying at that point.
Limit the corn depth to about 20-22 ft. to obtain the proper airflow rate for drying. An airflow rate of 1-1.25 cubic ft./minute (cfm)/bushel is necessary to dry the corn before deterioration occurs. Turn fans off during extended periods of rain, snow or fog to minimize the amount of moisture the fans pull into the bin.
Adding heat doesn't help dry wetter corn and increases drying speed only slightly. The primary effect of adding heat is reducing the corn's moisture content unless you use a stirring device.
If high-temperature drying, use the maximum drying temperature that won't damage the corn. That increases the dryer's capacity (bushels dried per hour) and reduces energy use. Removing a pound of water will require about 20% less energy at a drying air temperature of 200° F than at 150° F. Follow the dryer company's recommendation, but generally, drying temperatures should be 210-230° F.
"Be aware that excessively high drying temperatures may result in a lower final test weight and increased breakage susceptibility," Hellevang warns. "In addition, as the drying time increases with high-moisture corn, the corn becomes more susceptible to browning."


text:
National Support for Film Production in the EU: An Analysis of the Commission Decision-Making Practice
This article deals with the cultural welfare concerning cinema, a medium capable of both painting and shaping society. It aims to investigate the impact of the European integration on national film promotional law, by studying the European Commission decision-making practice in the field of State aid to cinematographic works. The analysis shows that this practice can be understood in two main phases that are delineated by the adoption of specific criteria. These criteria are explored by highlighting the most elucidating cases. Furthermore, this analysis discloses two relevant conflicts: within the Commission itself and between the Commission and the Member States. Particular emphasis is placed on the latter, which is explored with regard to: the European national film agencies' polarisation of the conflict, the main form of dispute settlement adopted by the Commission, and the legal obligations imposed by Member States upon TV broadcasters to invest in audiovisual 1 production. The analysis ends with an evaluation of the above-mentioned impact and a few remarks on some unresolved issues related to the conflict between the Commission and the Member States.
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Università degli Studi di Milano, Law School
Publication date: March 1, 2010


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Table of Contents
How to install a certificate signed by a recognized Certificate Authority.
The Citadel system offers SSL/TLS encryption on every protocol it serves. When you initially install the system, a private key and self-signed certificate are automatically generated for you. However, you may wish to purchase a certificate signed by a recognized certificate authority. Alternatively, you may wish to have a certificate that is self-signed, but has the correct Distinguished Name (DN). If you wish to do either of these things, here are the required steps.
erase, or set aside, the existing key
The keys directory contains three files:
citadel.keythe private key
citadel.csrthe certificate signing request
citadel.certhe signed or self-signed certificate
Delete these files, or move them to another directory.
generate a private key
While inside the keys directory, run the following command:
openssl genrsa -out citadel.key 1024
Generate a Certificate Signing Request based on that key
Run the following command:
openssl req -new -key citadel.key -out citadel.csr
Answer all of the prompts accurately. Observe all of the rules followed by your certificate authority for the distinguished name (DN) of your certificate. For example, the Common Name (CN) must be equivalent to the fully qualified domain name of your server. If you live in the United States, you must also use the full name of the state that you live in, rather than its abbreviation.
Now you can order your certificate. When your certificate authority requests your certificate signing request, you simply paste in the contents of citadel.csr to send it to them.
Generate a self-signed certificate (if needed for temporary use)
Simply restarting the Citadel server at this point will automatically generate a self-signed certificate using your new key and CSR. Or, you can do it explicitly with this command:
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in citadel.csr -signkey citadel.key -out citadel.cer
Install the signed certificate
When you receive your signed certificate from the certificate authority, simply delete the citadel.cer file containing your self-signed certificate, and save your signed certificate as citadel.cer in its place. Restart the Citadel server, and you are finished.
Using the key and certificate with WebCit
WebCit contains an identical cryptography subsystem, also with a keys directory of its own. The only difference is that the three files are called webcit.key, webcit.csr, and webcit.cer instead of citadel.key, citadel.csr, and citadel.cer. The good news is that you can copy or symlink those three files from the citadel/keys directory over to the webcit/keys directory, then restart WebCit, and your new certificate will be used for HTTPS connections as well.
Problems with Citadels autogenerated Certificates
Citadel making it easy for you
Citadel brings a non interactive way to equip you with basic SSL Certificates, so you can get SSL/HTTPS up and running without any fiddling with openssls commandline tools, howtos reading and so forth.
Drawback under certain conditions
So your Client (be it the Webbrowser or the Emailclient) complains about the Servercertificate like this:
You have received an invalid certificate.
Please contact the server administrator or
email correspondent and give them the following information:
Your certificate contains the same serial number as another
certificate issued by the certificate authority.
Please get a new certificate containing a unique serial number.
(Error code: sec_error_reused_issuer_and_serial)
This may happen if you run more than one citadel with self created certificates.
What happened?
Citadels first time setup is designed to ask you as few questions as possible. So some "Questions" kept away from you have to be answered with default values; like the CN field for a self created Certificate Authority (CA). Now your Client is the opinion, that one CA mustn't exist twice (which is right) and barfs on you with the above error message.
So if you installed a "test" installation to find out about citadel, and now did the to be "life" installation, you'll be faced with that error.
If you don't want to replace certificates with ones from a real CA, the easiest way to work around it is WebCits feature to overload the values with yours; remove the defective certificates, and fill these environment Variables:
export O="Your Organization name"
export OU="Your Citadel Server"
export CN="*"
and restart Webcit in that shell. You can use the created certificates for CitServer too.
... where to find the certificate files
GoDaddy Certificates
By the users joy & blasto333
in citservers key directory
 1. openssl genrsa -out citadel.key 2048
 2. openssl req -new -key citadel.key -out citadel.csr
 3. in godaddy provide citadel.csr to generate ssl certifcate extension crt
 4. godaddy will send you a zip contaning 2 files extract the files
 1. One of the files is named "yourdomain" and it comes in crt format … rename the file to citadel.cer
 2. The other file is a godaddy chain in crt format… just remane the extension of this one to cer
 5. copy the 2 files to the citservers key directory


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If you are searching online for 2 way switches/switching and 3 way stitches/switching the results can be very confusing to the layman depending on wether you land on a US or UK website. This is because the terminology used is very different.
This site follows UK usage. So for the benefit UK visitors searching online and American visitors to this site, hopefully the following will help to clarify:
UK – So, this (Fig 1) is what we call a 2 way switch: when you switch it one 'way' (on or position 1) the COM terminal is connected to the L1 terminal. When you switch it the other 'way' (off or position 2) the COM terminal connects to the L2 terminal.
If you are describing this switch to an electrician or electrical supplier you should refer to it as a 1 gang 2 way light switch and they will know exactly what you mean (see gangs and ways).
US – Strangely, our friends across the pond refer to this switch as a 3 way switch because it has 3 terminals.
Generic – if you asked someone in the field of electronics, they would probably describe this switch as a Single-pole, Double-Throw (SPDT) switch, to my mind a more useful description as this means the same in UK and US. A good electrician would understand this terminology but they, historically, rarely use it.
UK – so, this (Fig 2) is what we call an intermediate switch, so called because it is used 'in between' two x 2 way switches to achieve 3 way switching (clarified below under multiway switching). Sometimes called a crossover switch for obvious reasons.
If you are describing this switch to an electrician or electrical supplier you should refer to it as a 1 gang intermediate light switch and they will know exactly what you mean.
US – in America they refer to this switch as a 4 way switch because it has 4 terminals.
Generic – Double-pole, Double Throw (DPDT) switch.
Now we understand the different terminology used for the actual switches it is easy to appreciate why different switching arrangements are referred to using different terminology also.
Scenario 1: we have 1 light that can be turned on and off from two different light switches:-
UK – we would call this 2 way switching. Why? well a layman probably uses this terminology because 2 switches are used, whereas an electrician because two 2 way switches are used to achieve this. Either way, we are both referring to the same thing.
US – This would be referred to as 3 way switching because its uses what they would refer to a two 3 way switches.
Scenario 2: we have 1 light that can be turned on and off from three different light switches:-
UK – we would call this 3 way switching, well a layman certainly would (because of the three switches) and an electrician would assume this is what is meant but may also refer to it as 2 way plus intermediate switching.
US – This would be referred to as 4 way switching because it utilises what they refer to as a 4 way switch (what we in the UK call an intermediate or crossover).


Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty: A Benford Learner
by Scott Garrabrant3 min read24th Aug 2015No comments
Personal Blog
This post is part of the Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty series. In this post, I will give an algorithm, BenfordLearner, that passes the Benford test. This algorithm further satisfies whenever is an irreducible pattern with probability.
In the following algorithm, we define to be 1 whenever.
 1: P=0
 2: M=N
 3: for j=0 to N
 4: M_Y=0
 5: for Y a TM expressible in K_Y M_Y
26: M_Y=M_X
27: if M_Y


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Flextime is a work option when an employee of the university works an approved alternate work schedule that enables completion of the traditional 40 hours per week in fewer or more than five full workdays. Flextime may include varying the time of day an employee works, the days of the week an employee works, or both. Departments must ensure that flextime is administered consistently and equitably within the department and that flextime arrangements conform to university policy and collective bargaining agreements.
The University of Florida supports the concept and use of flexible scheduling of employee work hours. In establishing flextime, the department has the discretion to determine if staffing coverage is adequate and sufficient to meet the operating requirements of the department. Flextime should not cause a reduction in the levels of service presently being provided.
Can my department change my flextime work schedule once it is established?
 - The department may, at its discretion, implement, continue, discontinue, or modify flextime work schedules. Employees should, however, be given a two-week notice prior to changing their schedule.
Can my flextime work schedule require me to work more than 40 hours per week?
 - The normal work week of 40 hours shall be observed. No flextime schedule shall be approved requiring more than 40 hours of actual work in a workweek. Overtime, if worked by a nonexempt employee, must be compensated at one and half.
Can my flextime work schedule require me to work less than 40 hours per week?
 - Alternate work schedules, such as rotating shifts, compressed workweek, etc., may be developed to allow departments to provide services outside traditional hours of work or to meet employee needs; however, such schedule adjustments may not result in an employee's working fewer than his/her prescribed hours during a workweek or pay period.
How long am I allowed for a lunch break when working a flextime work schedule?
 - Employees at the university work a variety of schedules and are permitted varying amounts of time for lunch depending upon their regular working schedule. Typically, a lunch break is minimally 30 minutes long and is set by the supervisor.
Can my department require me to work certain "core" hours?
 - Core hours may be established by departments and are the hours during which all employees must be on the job.
Will my paid leave accruals change when working a flextime work schedule?
 - Computation of vacation/overtime/sick leave is the same for employees working flextime as for those working a standard schedule and is based on actual hours worked in the UF workweek of Friday through Thursday.
How many hours of holiday time am I allowed to use?
 - The maximum holiday leave benefit an employee can use is eight hours. Therefore, even if an employee typically works a ten-hour day, he or she will only be entitled to an eight-hour holiday benefit.
What if a holiday falls on my normal day off?
 - If a holiday falls on an employee's normal day off, he or she is still eligible for that holiday benefit leave time. The employee, with agreement from the department, may use that benefit time on another normally scheduled work day, typically within the same workweek.


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- Discrete Laplace operator
In mathematics, the discrete Laplace operator is an analog of the continuous Laplace operator, defined so that it has meaning on a graph or a discrete grid. For the case of a finite-dimensional graph (having a finite number of edges and vertices), the discrete Laplace operator is more commonly called the Laplacian matrix.
The discrete Laplace operator occurs in physics problems such as the Ising model and loop quantum gravity, as well as in the study of discrete dynamical systems. It is also used in numerical analysis as a stand-in for the continuous Laplace operator. Common applications include image processing, where it is known as the Laplace filter, and in machine learning for clustering and semi-supervised learning on neighborhood graphs.
There are various definitions of the discrete Laplacian for graphs, differing by sign and scale factor (sometimes one averages over the neighboring vertices, other times one just sums; this makes no difference for a regular graph). The traditional definition of the graph Laplacian, given below, corresponds to the negative continuous Laplacian on a domain with a free boundary.
where d(w,v) is the graph distance between vertices w and v. Thus, this sum is over the nearest neighbors of the vertex v. For a graph with a finite number of edges and vertices, this definition is identical to that of the Laplacian matrix. That is, φ can be written as a column vector; and so Δϕ is the product of the column vector and the Laplacian matrix, while (Δϕ)(v) is just the v'th entry of the product vector.
If the graph has weighted edges, that is, a weighting function is given, then the definition can be generalized to
where γwv is the weight value on the edge.
Closely related to the discrete Laplacian is the averaging operator:
Approximations of the continuous Laplacian
Approximations of the Laplacian, obtained by the finite difference method or by the finite element method can also be called Discrete Laplacians. For example, the Laplacian in two dimensions can be approximated using the five-point stencil finite difference method, resulting in
where the grid size is h in both dimensions, so that the five point stencil of a point (x, y) in the grid is
If the grid size h=1, the result is the negative discrete Laplacian on the graph, which is the square lattice grid. There are no constraints here on the values of the function f(x,y) on the boundary of the lattice grid, thus this is the case of the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, i.e., free boundary. Other types of boundary conditions, e.g., the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, where f(x,y)=0 on the boundary of the grid, are rarely used for graph Laplacians, but are common in other applications.
Multidimensional discrete Laplacians on rectangular cuboid regular grids have very special properties, e.g., they are Kronecker sums of one-dimensional discrete Laplacians, see Kronecker sum of discrete Laplacians, in which case all its eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be explicitly calculated.
Discrete Laplace operator is often used in image processing e.g. in edge detection and motion estimation applications. The discrete Laplacian is defined as the sum of the second derivatives Laplace operator#Coordinate expressions and calculated as sum of differences over the nearest neighbours of the central pixel.
Implementation in Image Processing
For one, two and three dimensional signals, the discrete laplacian can be given as convolution with the following kernels:
or, including the diagonals:
- 3D-Filter: is given by: first plane = ; second plane = ; third plane =
These kernels are deduced by using discrete differential quotients.
The spectrum of the discrete Laplacian is of key interest; since it is a self-adjoint operator, it has a real spectrum. For the convention Δ = I − M, the spectrum lies within [0,2] (as the averaging operator has spectral values in [ − 1,1]) and contains 0 (for constant functions). The smallest non-zero eigenvalue is denoted λ1 and is called the spectral gap. There is also the notion of the spectral radius, commonly taken as the largest eigenvalue.
The eigenvectors don't depend on the convention above (for regular graphs), and are the same as for the averaging operator (as they differ by adding a multiple of the identity), though the eigenvalues differ according to the convention.
If the graph is an infinite square lattice grid, then this definition of the Laplacian can be shown to correspond to the continuous Laplacian in the limit of an infinitely fine grid. Thus, for example, on a one-dimensional grid we have
This definition of the Laplacian is commonly used in numerical analysis and in image processing. In image processing, it is considered to be a type of digital filter, more specifically an edge filter, called the Laplace filter.
Discrete Schrödinger operator
Let be a potential function defined on the graph. Note that P can be considered to be a multiplicative operator acting diagonally on ϕ
Then H = Δ + P is the discrete Schrödinger operator, an analog of the continuous Schrödinger operator.
If the number of edges meeting at a vertex is uniformly bounded, and the potential is bounded, then H is bounded and self-adjoint.
The spectral properties of this Hamiltonian can be studied with Stone's theorem; this is a consequence of the duality between posets and Boolean algebras.
On regular lattices, the operator typically has both traveling-wave as well as Anderson localization solutions, depending on whether the potential is periodic or random.
Discrete Green's function
where δw is understood to be the Kronecker delta function on the graph: δw(v) = δwv; that is, it equals 1 if v=w and 0 otherwise.
For fixed and λ a complex number, the Green's function considered to be a function of v is the unique solution to
Certain equations involving the discrete Laplacian only have solutions on the simply-laced Dynkin diagrams (all edges multiplicity 1), and are an example of the ADE classification. Specifically, the only positive solutions to the homogeneous equation:
- Δϕ = ϕ,
- "Twice any label is the sum of the labels on adjacent vertices,"
are on the extended (affine) ADE Dynkin diagrams, of which there are 2 infinite families (A and D) and 3 exceptions (E). The resulting numbering is unique up to scale, and if the smallest value is set at 1, the other numbers are integers, ranging up to 6.
The ordinary ADE graphs are the only graphs that admit a positive labeling with the following property:
- Twice any label minus two is the sum of the labels on adjacent vertices.
In terms of the Laplacian, the positive solutions to the inhomogeneous equation:
- Δϕ = ϕ − 2.
The resulting numbering is unique (scale is specified by the "2"), and consists of integers; for E8 they range from 58 to 270, and have been observed as early as (Bourbaki 1968).
- Bourbaki, Nicolas (1968), "Chapters 4–6", Groupes et algebres de Lie, Paris: Hermann
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


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- This event has passed.
Certificate in Trauma-Focused Therapy with Mark Widdowson
May 6 @ 9:30 am - September 3 @ 4:30 pm£540
This five day online course will provide practicing counsellors and psychotherapists with a detailed understanding of how to work effectively with trauma in therapy.
You will learn a range of practical techniques and approaches which will enable you to work effectively with clients who have experienced trauma. The entire range of traumatic experiences, from single-incident and multiple trauma to severe and prolonged trauma and will include protocols for working with trauma, PTSD and complex PTSD. The course will also explore the impact of different kinds of trauma on the individual and how to work with them effectively in therapy.
The course is based on the New Haven competencies for the psychological therapy of trauma. These evidence-based competencies were developed by a group of international experts on trauma as a means of identifying best practice, and have subsequently been adopted by the American Psychological Association. Additionally this course complies with the guidelines for mental health and interventions training developed by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
The course will be taught using a range of evidence-based teaching and learning methods.
A five day training programme, delivered over 5 modules in all and will include;
1. Understanding trauma and its impact, trauma-informed practice and therapeutic assessment
2. Evidence-based models of trauma therapy
3. Techniques and Interventions for trauma
4. Providing individualised, personally tailored trauma therapy
5. Understanding and working with Complex Trauma


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Levels of Data Protection
Backing-up and Restoring Data, describes the role of the system databanks
TRANSDBwhen used in conjunction with backup and restore, in protecting data against loss.
Databank shadowing provides an even higher level of protection. Listed below are the different ways in which data can be protected from loss (from the least amount of protection to the highest).
All Databanks on One Disk and No Logging
If a databank is lost with this level of protection, it is only possible to continue operations from the last backup copy (all changes since the last backup was taken are lost).
Databanks can be lost due to accidental deletion, disk crashes (which can destroy all files on a disk), etc. This level of protection is not recommended except for trash databanks with unimportant contents.
Logging, with LOGDB and TRANSDB on a Separate Disk from the Data
TRANSDBare vital databanks if the system stops or if any databanks are lost. Because of this,
TRANSDBshould be stored on separate disks, as shown in the following figure:
Application data should be stored on the
TRANSDBdisk if it cannot be stored separately.
If a databank is lost, it can be restored to its original state by applying the transactions in
TRANSDBto a restored backup of the databank.
This may take some time, especially if the databank is large and if there is a lot of transaction information stored in
Caution: If the databank disk and the TRANSDB or LOGDB disk are handled by the same disk controller, a disk controller failure may cause both disks to crash.
This security level gives a high degree of security and is recommended for databanks containing important data used in a system where the delay before the system is restored after a crash is not critical.
To assure this high degree of security, backup files should always be stored on separate removable media (e.g. CD/RW).
Shadowing, with Shadows on a Separate Disk
Shadows should always be stored on a separate disk from the masters to protect them from a total disk crash that could destroy both the master and shadow databanks.
It is also advisable to use separate disk controllers to assure that a corrupt disk controller does not destroy the disks holding both the masters and the shadows.
If a databank is lost, its shadow can be transformed into a master and the shadow automatically takes over with no loss of data.
Since shadows are updated after the master, and operations are saved in
TRANSDBuntil the shadow is updated, it is important that
TRANSDBis consistent when a shadow is transformed.
To ensure this, you should shadow
TRANSDB. We strongly recommend that
TRANSDBand its shadow are stored on separate disks, as shown in the following diagram:
This arrangement gives a high degree of security and is recommended for databanks containing important data used in a system where it is vital to be able to get the system running again quickly after a disk crash.
Shadowing and Logging
Combining shadowing and logging, see Backing-up and Restoring Data, gives the highest level of data protection.
If logging is used, the data is protected if both the master and the shadow disks become corrupted.
And, when shadowing is combined with logging (with
LOGDBon a third disk) and backups are regularly taken to separate media (CD/RW, etc.), then data is always protected if any two of the disks crash, for example:
Of course, additional disks can be used, just as long as the databanks that are separated above are not placed on the same disks. If you only have two disk drives available and all the databanks are shadowed, then logging is of little value. Shadowing
LOGDBwill not increase data protection significantly in this configuration.
Different degrees of data security can be used for different databanks, depending on the importance of the data. It is however important that all inter-dependent databanks (because of foreign key relationships, etc.) have the same level of protection. Otherwise logical inconsistencies may result if there is a disk crash.
Mimer Information Technology AB
Voice: +46 18 780 92 00
Fax: +46 18 780 92 40


Back to Blog
Forensic Engineering Solves Plumbing Failure Mysteries
plumbing failures
Plumbing failures are rarely pleasant. Water can cause significant damage in a short period. Additionally, leaking water pipes can allow potentially harmful contaminants into drinking water, and untreated sewage flooding a home or workplace often renders it unfit for occupancy.
Structures lost to water damage become costly liabilities, often triggering complex litigation that boils down to a simple question: Who's to blame?
What is forensic engineering?
Answers to this and many other building failures come from the work of forensic engineering — painstakingly analyzing mishaps to identify their root causes and provide crucial clues that can help prevent the next failure. At CTL Engineering, we've helped courts determine the culprits in a broad range of legal cases. Here's a look at two recent plumbing-failure cases we've worked on:
The overtightened toilet nut
In this case, residents came home to find water spraying from a line attached to one of their toilets, causing substantial damage throughout their home. Finding the cause started with examining the point of the plumbing failure.
The toilet's water supply line is connected to the toilet via a plastic coupling. The coupling is economical and capable of supplying years of service if installed correctly. But it's dangerously fragile if installed incorrectly.
The coupling must be finger tightened and then hand tightened by no more than one-half or three-quarters of a turn. Plumbers are not supposed to use wrenches or pliers because they make it too easy to overtighten the coupling — compromising its strength. The insidious thing about using a wrench here is that the damage does not show up immediately. Instead, a small crack forms and grows over time.
Eventually, the crack weakens the coupling so much that water bursts through and soaks everything. A leak could happen months or even years later, making the failure impossible to accurately anticipate.
The photo here shows water spraying from the burst plastic coupling.
Water spray pipe
An extreme close-up, high-resolution photograph of the coupling shows marks we identified as consistent with the use of pliers to tighten it.
forensic engineering
forensic engineering
This kind of forensic engineering evidence can prove pivotal in water damage litigation.
The badly manufactured pipe cap
Another case also involved a failed plastic plumbing part. This incident centered on a plastic pipe cap installed to seal the plumbing temporarily in the middle of a repair job.
The install proved to be far more temporary than anyone expected. It split apart in less than a day after it had been installed, causing a massive water leak. The photo below shows the split cap.
forensic engineering
The next photo shows the manufacturing defect we discovered.
To find this defect, hot melted plastic is injected into the mold. Melted plastic surrounded the mold in both directions — meeting at the point where the part had a manufacturing defect. The body of the cap contained a void that gave way under pressure, causing the spill.
Again, careful failure analysis exposed the culprit.
The forensic engineering expertise you need
At CTL, we have a team of forensic engineering experts who have analyzed a broad range of plumbing failures. If you're involved in plumbing related litigation, we would be glad to answer your questions and provide a cost estimate for a thorough investigation. Don't hesitate to call us.
Ask an Expert


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Sacred Music. (Level 3). By David Carr Glover. For Piano. Method/Instruction; Piano - Glover Christian Library. David Carr Glover Piano Library. Piece for the Hymn Playing event with the National Federation of Music Clubs (NFMC) Festivals Bulletin 2008-2009-2010. Sacred. Early Intermediate. Book. 24 pages. Published by Belwin Music (AP.FDL00982).
ISBN _PHONE_. Sacred.
David Carr Glover has selected, arranged, and correlated these well-known hymns. They represent part of our heritage of sacred music. Students enjoy playing familiar melodies, and this book provides them with such material. Like the REPERTOIRE Books of this library, this book will also stimulate interest and enjoyment in playing. Chord symbols have been included in all hymn arrangements. This will enable the student to use this book as a keyboard harmony aide.


text:
O wild and sacred Ibis,
Long beaked bird of the Nile,
Now home on the marsh of Macquarie
0 bird with such elegant style.
Black, white and straw-necked,
Gathering where the waters drain;
Probing the teeming, living mud,
Cheek by jowl with the night crane.
O glorious morning in Australia free,
Warm and dry and a pale blue sky,
Cotton wool clouds in white pattern
Lives Ibis the bird of winged fraternity.
Far from the land of the Pharaohs,
Yet sharing the gypsy life-style,
Land of Australia, land that is free
Is home to the Ibis, bird of the Nile


OSIsoft Research is actively exploring blockchain technology. They are working together with Blocxs on a case study on how their PI System could be used in conjunction with blockchain technology to track and manage the lifecycle of industrial assets. OSIsoft is investigating how this revolutionary technology could solve some of the almost impossible challenges that their customers are facing. OSIsoft wants to be ready for the potential disruption and new possibilities that blockchain inevitably will bring.
A case study
This week Johan Mulder of Blocxs presented for more than 300 customers and partners at the OSIsoft PI World Conference that was held from April 23rd-27th 2018 in San Francisco USA. The presentation was about implementing a blockchain solution within a PI-system world and more specific how an asset life cycle could be managed using the blockchain concept. The demo part of the case study showed the integration between of the PI system and the Hyperledger blockchain where new assets (industrial engines) were created and registered. The second part of the demo consisted of the registration of specific engine test results in Hyperledger.
Sensor data written in a backend software system
OSIsoft is a company that offers solutions for customers with equipment and machinery that have sensors implemented that can communicate with OSIsoft software systems. An example of this is an engine on a assembly plant for which the running hours, the temperature of the gear box as well as the RPM are measured with a certain interval. These figures are received by the owner of the backend systems where this data is registered.
Blockchain or not?
As the engine owner also owns the data, tempering of the data is possible but serves no purpose therefore is would be no direct case for a blockchain implementation. However this traditionally stored data can become an issue when the motor is sold to another party. If the historical engine data will be delivered as part of the sale how can the new owner trust this data?
Trustable data
If data (parts that are related to trust issues) had been registered in a blockchain system where data technically can not be tampered with then this sale could have been accompanied with immutable data that the buyer can trust. As the risk for subsequent owners is reduced by trustable historical data any stored engine will become more valuable and therefore might result in higher sale prices. Company data will now be transformed into a value asset.
Peter Kranenburg


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- Initial OPT Year - 90 Day Limit
- STEM Authorization – additional 60 days (150 Day Limit, aggregate for both OPT authorizations)
Authorization for OPT means you must seek and begin employment related to your degree within 90 days of the start date on your EAD card. Employment must be reported. It is a serious violation of visa status to be unemployed past the time limitation. Your F-1 status would be in peril and your OPT authorization will end early. You must be in status to keep an employment authorization or apply for a new authorization.
Days of unemployment are limited!
The regulations establish a 90-day limit for unemployment during the first OPT authorization. Once authorized for a STEM Extension of OPT an additional 60 days are allowed for a total of 150 days. In the STEM period, and unemployment days from the first OPT count toward the 150-day total.
- Anyone authorized for Post-Completion OPT or STEM OPT must count the days they are unemployed click here.
- The 90-day limit is also in effect for ABD students on Post-Completion OPT
- Every day is counted including Saturday and Sunday
- Cap-Gap period is included in the 90-day limit
- The count is an aggregate number, all periods of unemployment are added together
Students who are authorized for pre-completion OPT (meaning authorized OPT taking place prior to coursework completion) are not required to count days of unemployment.
Serious consequences for exceeding the period of unemployment
If you exceed the limit for unemployment you have violated your status unless you take one of the following actions:
- Apply to continue your education by a change of level or transferring to another Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school
- Depart the United States
- Take action to otherwise maintain legal status
Days of unemployment are counted during travel outside the United States
Take care planning travel outside of the United States while unemployed. If you are authorized for OPT the days you are unemployed after the start date on the EAD card are counted even while you are outside of the United States.
- the 90-day limit for Initial OPT (1 year)
- 150-day limit for 24-Month Extension of OPT (include number of unemployed days from Year One of OPT)
If your travel is part of your job responsibility or during a period of leave authorized by your employer the time spent outside the United States will not count as unemployment.
Review the information on Kinds of Employment Allowed During Initial OPT and STEM OPT
If you have questions about unemployment, e-mail us at _EMAIL_ so we can assist you.


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|School Name distance||TestRating||Community Rating|
|St Joseph Cathedral School 0.4 miles||n/a|
|West Elementary School 0.8 miles|
|Cedar Hill Elementary School 2.3 miles|
|Concord Christian School 2.4 miles||n/a|
|South Elementary School 2.4 miles|
In 2011, Belair Elementary School had 16 students for every full-time equivalent teacher. The Missouri average is 14 students per full-time equivalent teacher.Compare to other schools in Jefferson City School District
The Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) are annual tests used to measure a student's mastery of the state's grade-level academic standards.
Students in grades 3 through 8 and 10 are assessed in math and in grades 3 through 8 and 11 in communication arts. Districts have the option to assess students in science in grades 3, 7 and 10, and social studies in grades 4, 8 and 11 on a voluntary basi
Students receive a score of below basic, basic, proficient or advanced. The goal is for all students to score at or above the proficient level.


Bamboo Botanicals Logo
Bamboo Anatomy And Growth Habits
Bamboo Culm
Bamboo is a perrenial evergreen that is part of the grass family (a very tall and woody grass that is). Similar to grass, bamboo is characterized by a jointed stem called a culm. Typcally the culms are hollow but some species of bamboo have solid culms. Each culm segment begins and ends with a solid joint called a node. Nodes are are characterized by a swelling encircling the ends of the culm segments. The segments between the nodes are called internodes. From the nodes grow leaves and branches. Similar to the culms, the branches are also segmented with nodes and internodes.
Bamboo Culm Anatomy
Anatomy Of A Bamboo Culm
Bamboo Culm Cut-away Section
Bamboo Culm Cut-away Section
Bamboo Rhizome And Root System
The underground root system of bamboo is very similar to that of the culm. It can be described as an underground culm growing hortizontally in the soil. This underground culm is called a rhizome. The only difference is that instead of producing branches and leaves, the rhizomes produce roots and shoots at the nodes. Bamboo is a very shallow rooted plant. Bamboo rhizomes typically grow within the first 6" below the surface of the ground. The rhizomes produce feeder roots that grow further down into the soil. Typically the roots don't grow anymore than 20" (50cm) below the surface of the ground. For most bamboos, rhizome development and growth takes place late summer to early fall.
Bamboo rhizomes grow in two unique characteristics. They either grow in a clumping formation or they can grow in a running habit. The rhizome growth patterns classify bamboo either as a clumping bamboo or a running bamboo.
Clumping Bamboo
Clumping Bamboo rhizomes in the soil
Clumping Bamboo rhizomes in the soil
Clumping bamboos have Pachymorph rhizomes that grow upwards developing into a new culm. New rhizomes emerge from buds on an existing rhizome and so forth. This accumulative effect causes the grove to expand slowly around the perimeter. This growth behaviour gives the bamboo a 'clumping' habit.
It's predictable growth behaviour makes it easier to maintain without having to apply containment methods that a running bamboo may need. For most clumping bamboos, they expand only a few inches per year around the main plant. This depends on the species and the maturity of the bamboo. The slow expansion of the clumping bamboo grove will eventually reach a boundary (ie. property line, fence, etc.), at which time root pruning will need to be done.
The clumping habit also gives clumping bamboos a desireable trait for growing in pots or containers. Clumping bamboos tend to last a lot longer in a pot before they get root bound and need re-potting.
Clumping Pachymorph Bamboo
Clumping (Pachymorph) Bamboo
Running Bamboo
Running bamboos have Leptomorph rhizomes that run horizontally under the ground. New buds and roots emerge from the nodes of the rhizomes. Most buds remain dormant but may develop into a new culm or it may develop into another new rhizome. Any new rhizomes will also run horizontally underground and produce more news culms and rhizomes. This growth behavior gives the bamboo a 'running' habit.
Running Leptomorph Bamboo
Running (Leptomorph) Bamboo
Running Bamboo Rhizome
Running Bamboo Rhizome (soil removed)
Running bamboos with Leptomorph rhizomes typically require methods to control their spreading habit. See Controlling Bamboo Spread.
Bamboo Shoots And Culm Growth
Bamboo Shoots
The buds that develop into shoots play a dramatic role in the growth of a new culm.
New bamboo shoots can grow at staggering rates. Some species of bamboo have been clocked at growing over 3' (90cm) in one day. That is over 1.5" (3.8cm) in 1 hour! The entire growth period from new shoot to a full height culm can typically be completed in 30 days.
For most bamboos, the shooting season takes place during the spring season through early summer. As the shoot elongates, it develops into a new culm. New branches and leaves grow from the nodes of the new culm.
Leaves from existing older culms drop and grow new leaves during this period as well. Spring is the Autumn season for bamboo as the foliage gets renewed.
Unlike regular hardwood trees where the diameter of the trunk gets wider with age, a bamboo culm remains the same thickness for its entire life. The diameter of a new shoot somewhat governs the thickness of the new culm. If you have a 1" diameter shoot, the new culm will be 1" diameter. A 6" diameter shoot will produce a 6" diameter culm... and so forth. As well, the culm never grows any taller throughout its life span.
Bamboo Growth - 24hr Time Lapse Video


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How to Structure an SL Business Management Internal Assessment
The SL Business IA is worth 25% of your final mark in SL Business Management class. Conveniently, it's also out of 25 marks, so every point you score on your IA gives you an extra 1% in the course. Here is how to get all of those points.
Your job is to choose an interesting business question and then use 3 to 5 documents (for data) and 3 or 4 course tools (for analysis) to answer it. Your IA can have a maximum of 1500 words.
You'll focus on a single business and then also a certain aspect of that business. You wouldn't, for example, write an IA about the shipping industry (too broad and not a specific business). But you could write about about how Amazon has begun to compete within this market and how this has affected the company.
How the SL IA is different than the HL IA
Let's first make sure you're clear on the differences between the SL and HL Business Management IAs. This will help to keep you from accidentally doing things you don't need to do.
- The SL word count is less and you don't need a Research Proposal section
- All (or almost all) of your data for the SL IA should come from just a few supporting documents that you choose.
- In the HL IA most information comes from primary sources. SL IA information comes entirely (or almost entirely) from secondary sources.
- SL students are limited to using just 3, 4 or 5 main sources. Whereas HL students can use as many as they want. Note that you (SL students) are allowed to use additional sources to fill in small details (to get an additional few facts, or to define a word), but mostly you'll be using your 3-5 main documents (so choose them carefully).
Choosing your documents
Here's what matters when you're choosing your 3 to 5 sources:
- Variety of views. It's important when choosing your documents to represent a variety of different documents that are relevant to the issue you've chosen.
- Variety of types. In addition to different views, also gather information from different types of sources. This will help you look at the topic in different ways and draw on different types of insights. You might use 2 (very different) business articles, an Annual Report (which contains financial data) and an academic paper. Students (especially weaker students) will sometimes rely solely on business articles (i.e. BBC and CNN news stories). However, it's more useful to also look at academic papers, annual reports, company website, available market research or similar documents.
- Something impressive. Try to include at least one source which shows your willingness to work hard and go beyond the minimum requirements. Trade journals and advanced academic papers are good for this.
- Sources which fit your tools. Of course, you'll want to be thinking about the types of analysis you're wanting to do (to answer your question), so keep that in mind as well. In particular try to find at least one source which contains numbers, so you can do some financial analysis.
- All sources are recent. The supporting documents MUST be written within a maximum of three years prior to when you're doing your final exams. So, if you are taking your final IB exams in May 2021, all of your sources should be written later than June 2018.
Videos and audio clips
Many students don't realize you're allowed to use a video or an audio clip, as long as your sources for these are "reputable." Avoid the random youtuber who happens to love Supreme clothes. (Actually, avoid everyone who likes Supreme. That's a good rule.) But a Bloomberg news clip of the same company (also on Youtube) could be just fine. A video produced by the company themselves is also a good source.
If you do use a video or audio file, you'll need to include a document in the appendix that is either a full transcript of the video or at least a clear summary of the main points you used in your IA. This way it's clear to the marker what information was actually in the file, without them needing to access the file (which might not work out for some reason). Also, please make sure to provide very clear referencing of the file (again using MLA _URL_ so we can trace the source)
How to Structure Your SL Business Management IA
- Your Research Question
- Intended Audience (i.e. To Company X)
- The IB Number (Something in the format "abc123" (i.e. fjk932)
- Session (i.e. May 2021)
- IA word count. (Note that if you include an Acknowledgments section, that part isn't included in your word count. More word count tips to come).
- (Also, notice that the student's name, school, candidate number and student number should not be on the cover sheet anymore).
Include (with corresponding page numbers):
- Analysis and Discussion
- Works Cited
Acknowledgments (Not included in the word count)
You're allowed to have an Acknowledgments section, where you thank people like your teacher and anyone else (i.e. a Librarian) who helped you with your IA. It's customary in Business IAs. It's not mandatory though.
Introduction (approx. 150 words)
The IB says they want the introduction to "set the scene".
- State the company name and clearly explain what the company does.
- State and briefly explain your research question.
- Explain why this topic (your research question) is important for the company to understand.
Methodology (approx. 200 words)
Overall this is where you can begin to convince us that you chose your sources thoughtfully and that they give a range of viewpoints/perspectives, which aided your analysis.
- Mention the parts of the course (chapters and tools) that you're going to use to explore the issue and why you chose these. (Watch this YouTube clip if you aren't sure about how to choose your tools, because using the right tools is essential to scoring well in your IA.) Here is detailed advice for members for what to watch out for with each of the most popular course tools. (You can join here).
- Explain some of the sources of information you used and why you chose them (i.e. what data they provided).
- Explain how valid and reliable your data collection was. We actually want to see you noting some potential weaknesses here. For example, how there may have been room for bias or a limited scope to your research.
- Mention at least one change made to your IA approach (i.e. a change of tool, source, or question) as the work progressed. Ideally there would be several.
Analysis and discussion (approx. 900 words)
This is the section where you'll do your analysis. Use the JAM structure, using one of the analytical techniques of the course. Use 3 or 4 techniques for analyzing. Give yourself around 300 words per tool, if you're using 3 tools.
If you haven't watched this yet, here is my YouTube video on choosing your tools.
In your mini-conclusions, make sure to explore what insights and themes emerge from your analysis of that tool. And try to do some synthesis as you go --linking the insights of this tool with the insights of the tools that have preceded it. Make it really clear how the insights of your tool have been helpful (or not) in answering your research question.
As you write, comment on the reliability of your sources. You will get points (in Criterion E) for these insights. If you happen to also take History, this is similar to OPVL
A few more tips that will make your Analysis work better:
- Don't rely too much on just one or two documents.
- Of course make sure you've cited all of the facts. The majority of these will come from your 3 to 5 documents, but you should cite all of your sources using standard MLA formatting, even though you've put a copies of all of your documents the Appendix.
- Include a clear justification of the use of the theory (how it will help answer the RQ),
- Include as much of your information as possible within the tools (rather than in paragraph form).
- Make sure your mini-conclusions are linked to the research question.
- Try to include at least one financial tool. If you do, it should go after your qualitative tools. In general we like to see qualitative tools (such as SWOT and PEST) come before the quantitative ones (like ratio analysis and decision trees). Partly this is because the qualitative tools set the scene and provide context for the financials. Also it's just conventional in this course.
- As much as possible, try to use key words from the course in the main body. (Here are some words you can use). This will help you with Criterion F.
- Make sure that you've used data from all of your sources in your tools.
Conclusion (Approx. 250 words)
- The conclusion should not introduce facts or arguments that have not been discussed previously, in the JAM sections of your analysis.
- Make sure the conclusions are well supported by your analysis.
- Don't hold your best insights for the conclusion. Instead try to include them in an earlier analysis part (and mini-conclusions) and then (in your big conclusion) synthesize them with other parts of your analysis to make more nuanced/interesting points.
- Make sure you've included a clear answer to your question.
- Try to include some "evaluative insights". For example, consider the pros and cons, short-term vs long-term effects,


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"How did Mancos get its name and what does Mancos mean." In Spanish the word refers to someone whose arm has been maimed.
According to an article that appeared in a 1997 publication of the "Mancos Visitor's Guide," Fern Ellis wrote in her book, "Come Back to My Valley," about a gentleman named George M. Carr who, in 1895, identified how Mancos got its name. In his story for the "Mancos Times" he described how an old manuscript, written by Father Salvero, was found at a Spanish mission in New Mexico. Father Salvero described how he stopped with his Indian guide, Juan, at the top of a divide. He took in the view and could see the bluffs of the San Juan River to the southwest and the blue range of mountains to the west where his mission was located.
He and his guide continued to follow the river downstream and then made camp. Father Salvero rose to his feet and wandered closer to the river when a rock broke free and he fell into the river. He injured his ankle badly. He had to rest for ten days while his Indian guide helped him.
One day, while getting water from the river, Juan found some nuggets that Father Salvero immediately identified as gold. Juan gathered up more of the gold nuggets. But, then a snow storm forced them to move to a lower elevation and work their way toward Father Salvero's mission. By the time they reached their destination the Father's leg was so badly injured it had to be amputated. Because of the severe injury that "maimed" him for life, they named the river "El Rio Mancos."
Father Salvero's manuscript mentioned two other streams "of goodly size, joining this one from the east" and it also mentioned that the river is on the west side of the range. From this information it is supposed that the good priest was near the head of the West Mancos when the accident happened. Not long after his return to the mission, people learned of Juan's discovery of gold in the river and began coming to the area in a quest for gold.
If this bit of history interests you, there are a variety of books about the history of the area at the Visitor Center. Fern Ellis's book, "Come Back to My Valley," and several books by Darrell Ellis are available for purchase at the Visitor Center.


we continue to retain the friendship.
The following proverb urges one not to take up too many tasks at one time as it would spoil ones endeavors. About such people Sindhis observed:
Uhey hath roti mein
Uhey hath choti mein
Which means that people who take up too many tasks at one time, are like those who use the same hands to knead dough, and the same hands to plait their hair.
The latter proverb implies that if one performs these two tasks at the same time, then ones food would not get hygienically prepared, and ones hair would get soiled.
The following proverb, though it may sound similar has a different meaning altogether.
Uheyee hatha neer mein
Uheyee hatha kheer mein
It literally states that the same hands that are immersed in the water (tears) are also immersed in the milk. The implied meaning of this proverb is that at times life doles out two tasks at the same time. One provides pain, and the other gives joy.
Sindhis believed that you should do what you have to do as soon as possible. They stated:
Turt daan
Maha kalyaan
Turt kam maha punya
Which means that if you execute your duty promptly, it is equivalent to performing a good deed.
Sindhis believed that it was the tongue, or unkind words which caused the most harm, they not only hurt the ones that the harsh language was meant for but also the one who uttered them. Sindhis stated:
Uhaayee zibaan ussa mein vyaarey
Uhaayee zibaan chhaaon mein vyaarey
Which literally means that the same tongue makes you sit under the sun and it is the same tongue that makes you sit in the shade.
Sindhis urged one never to harm the down-trodden, as God would take up their cause and take revenge for the harm done to the poor. Hence the saying:
Aah gareebaa kair khudaayee
Which literally means that if the down trodden cry in pain for the harm inflicted upon them, then God Himself takes revenge.
Sindhis believed that :
Un-herya na her, mataan hirani
Heryaan na pher mataan phiranee
This proverb states that one should not get someone used to constant favors done out of goodwill, because when you stop doing them the benefaction, they might turn against one.
Alternately Sindhis stated:
Sakhi khaan shoom bhalo
Jo turt dyey javaab
Which means that he is better, who promptly says "No" to a proposition, rather than the one who says "Yes" to proposals, and then goes on to resent the same.
There are people who do favors unto you, but hurt you by constantly reminding you, and/or being nasty to you. To such people Sindhis advise:
Na dijey na dukhoyjey
Which literally means "Do not give, if you must hurt the person later.
It is ever so difficult to please everyone all the time. And to top it, to please oneself seems to be, even a more monumental task. There is no argument to the statement that if one is happy, the world seems a great place to live in. Hence;
Jeeyu khush ta jahaan khush
Which literally means that if one is happy, the world is a cheerful place to live in.
It is so easy to criticize others. Why? Because we are not in their shoes. One cannot argue the fact that only the person who is in the situation is aware of why he/she behaves the way he/she does. Hence the observation:
Gur jaaney
Gur jee gothree jaaney
Which literally means that the sugar knows, and the bag that carries the sugar knows (how light or heavy, how empty or full, or how clean or dirty the contents and/or the bag are).
Sindhis urged their fellow brethren to be good. They claimed that there were various benefits to derive from being exemplary. They stated:
Thado gharo paan khey paaneyee
chhaaon mein vyaarey
Which means that a cool pot of water seats itself in the shade. It implies that if one stays composed one stays out of conflict.
Another method of remaining peaceful is not to be distressed, when one possesses less, and not be proud when one has much. Thus:
Thoro disee araao na thijey
Ghano disee araso na thijey
Sindhis believed that one should live according to ones means. Hence they observed:
Savar aahir per digheran
Which means that one should stretch ones legs according to ones blanket.
It is believed that if your right hand does a good deed, your left hand should not get to know about it.
On this creed, Sindhis opined:
Nekee karey, daryaa mein vijh
Which literally means that after having performed a good deed, drop the thought of it into the sea.
There are people, who do nothing but exaggerate. About such humans, Sindhis stated:
Jabal khey thyaa soora, jaayee kuyee
Which literally means that the mountain had labor pains, but only a mouse took birth.
Kuey ladhee haid garee
Chavey aaon pasaaree
Which literally means that a mouse found a piece of turmeric, and claims to own a grocery store.
About people who paint an exaggerated image about themselves, Sindhis claimed:
Labhey lath na
Babo bandookan vaaro
Which means that he is a type of person who does not even own a stick, and he claims to be a master of guns.
In matters of relationships, Sindhis made interesting observations.
For a husband they believed that:
Murs ta phado
Na ta jado
Which literally means that unless a husband is hard to please, he is not good enough.
Probably the macho image of a difficult man was attractive to a Sindhi woman. On the other hand, maybe the proverb was coined by the parents of the girl to make her life more satisfactory, by praising the negative traits of her husband.
In the following proverb however, they categorically compare a son-in-law to a crooked stick. Sindhis state:
Naathee, dingee kaathee
Present time Sindhis would probably disagree with the above observation, as one often sees sons-in law as caring as ones sons and daughters.
During the time that our fore-fathers lived their life in Sindh, daughters must have been a life long liability, hence Sindhis stated:
Abo gasey, dheeya vasey
Which literally means that fathers have to work very hard so that their daughters prosper.
It is interesting to observe how much the daughter's parents would give in for the happiness of their female off-spring.
The following proverb was probably coined by dejected girls' parents who would not reciprocate the humliation inflicted upon them by the in-laws of their daughter. They stated:
Jainkhey dinyoon jaayoon
Tinsaan kahryoon baayoon
Which means that once one has given ones daughters in marriage, one cannot get angry with her new family.
The previous two proverbs point to the fact that having daughters put one through difficulties and humiliation at the time when these sayings were coined. However it is interesting to note that the Sindhis of yore believed that a son shares you properties and possessions whereas a daughter partakes of your joys and sorrows. Hence Sindhis stated:
Put thyey maal bhai
Dheeya thyey haal bhai
Sindhis stated:
Maau jee dil makhan
Puta jee dil pathar
Which literally means that a mother's heart is soft as butter while the heart of the son is made of stone.
Elders claimed that though a mother-in-law be hard as wood, she is good to have around, as during times of need she would always be there to extend a helping hand. Hence they stated:
Sas kaath jee bi suthee
Sindhis believed that:
Jeko daadho so gaabo
Which means that he who stands his ground, eventually wins.
Yet during arguments and discussions, Sindhis wisely observed that:
Taari hik hathee kon vajandee aahey
Which literally means that one cannot clap with one hand. It implies that wherever there is an argument, all parties are probably to blame to a certain extent.
About the grand children from the daughter's side, Sindhis claimed:
Doita vadhandey very
Which implies that the children from ones daughter were never close enough to their maternal grand-parents, however much the latter pampered the kids.
This was probably due to the fact that children spent more time with their paternal grand-parents, and hence were influenced by the their opinion, of their maternal grand-parents.
It is interesting to note that this proverb does not generally ring true now-a-days, probably because grand-children spend enough time with their maternal grand-parents and formulate their own beliefs.
Maternal grand-parents claimed:
Naani radhan vaaree
Doitaa khaain vaaraa
Which literally means that matenal grand-children eat while the grand-mother toils and cooks.
Grand-parents believed that:
Moor khaan vyaaj mitho
Which means that the interest is always more enjoyable than the principal amount, thereby implying that one tends to love ones grand-children more than their parents.
Talking