Quick Answer: How Do You Use Drastically?
What is mean by drastically?
Meaning of drastically in English in a way that is severe and sudden or has very noticeable effects: Their budget has been drastically reduced.
Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.
Is Drastically an adjective or adverb?
The adverb "drastically," like the adjective "drastic," is generally used in connection with measures that are extreme, severe, or harsh.
How do you use experimental in a sentence?
The equipment is still at the experimental stage.The experimental farm is near the waterpower station.The experimental plot was'parceled out to the students.The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing.The technique is still at the experimental stage.More items…•
Is Drastically a adverb?
drastically adverb – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com.
How do you use drastically in a sentence?
His life wouldn't change drastically if he agreed. After the school lost its national accreditation, their enrollment drastically declined. Something was drastically altered about his friend, and the thin collar around his neck told Kris everything he needed to know.
What is another word for experiment?investigationtestexaminationstudydemonstrationexperimentationobservationproberesearchtesting173 more rows
What is another word for drastically?
What is another word for drastically?extremelyhighlyoverlyradicallystrikinglytotallyintenselyparticularlyabundantlyoutstandingly235 more rows
What's more than extremely?
What is another word for extremely?highlyterriblyespeciallyexceedingexcessivelymightyreallyseriouslysupremelyvastly233 more rows
What is another word for really?
Find another word for really. In this page you can discover 53 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for really, like: genuinely, actually, indeed, certainly, undoubtedly, absolutely, as-a-matter-of-fact, surely, veritably, positively and legitimately.
What part of speech is drastically?
derivationDrastic comes from an ancient Greek word that means "effective," or "thing to be done." In the 1600s, a strong medicine with that acted with force on the body was called a "drastic." "Drastic" was first used to mean "extreme" or "severe" in the early 1800s….drastic.part of speech:adjectivederivation:drastically (adv.)4 more rows
What is experiment mean?
The definition of an experiment is a test or the act of trying out a new course of action. … To experiment is defined as to try out something new or to test a theory.
What is an example of experimental research?


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World Consumer Rights Day (WCRD) 2016
What's the world's focus on WCRD 2016?
March 15th is World Consumers Rights Day (WCRD), an annual occasion celebrated within the international consumer
movement. The date is derived in 1962, when President John F. Kennedy first outlined the definition of Consumer Rights and was first observed on 15th March 1963.
This day (including other days closer to or around the day) is an opportunity to promote the basic rights of all consumers, for demanding that those rights are respected and protected, and for protesting the market abuses and social injustices that undermine them. The fundamental aim of WCRD is to bring about important and needed benefits for consumers worldwide.
Every year, consumer organisations around the world unite around a common theme to organize and deliver a collection of campaigning activities to endorse this day. This year's theme, "Antibiotics Off the Menu", arises from the overuse of antibiotics in food animal production (which uses around half of antibiotics (human medicine) produced globally, with much of it utilized to promote faster growth and prevent, rather than treat diseases).
Consumers International-an international consumers' movementunderscores that, the excessive use of antibiotics in food animals is noxious to humans, because it brings about "antibiotic resistance". This resistance develops in farm animals where bacteria change and become resistant (antibiotics resistant bacteria). These bacteria spread from farms to people through air, soil, water, manure and consumption of contaminated meat and animal products. This issue is developing and rising at a rate or to levels, which cannot be contained by the development of new drugs. The World Health Organisation has warned that, without urgent action, we are heading for a post-antibiotic era, in which important medicines stop working and common infections and minor injuries (simple cuts and scrapes) can once again kill.
This year Green Cameroon joins the global international consumers' movement to promote this day and campaign against the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture. We intend to do so through inspiring and sensitising consumers on their basic consumer rights, which include:
- Right to safety
- Right to choose,
- Right to be heard,
- Right to healthy environment,
- Right to be informed,
- Right to consumer education
- Right to redress.
Furthermore, we encourage consumers to get involved in questioning the safety of food (meat) produced from animals (including birds) administered high doses of antibiotics and gain knowledge on health implications on antibiotics resistance. Farmers also have an important role to play by giving fewer antibiotics to animals.
Let us work in solidarity to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria, which travels across national boundaries in myriad ways. This is a global crisis and Green Cameroon solicits businesses, civil society and consumers to join the campaign on tackling antibiotics resistance.
Let's note that, government action alone however will not be enough.
Be Part of The Change!!!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What is weight bearing?
Putting weight on your affected (weaker) leg is called "weight bearing." Your physical therapist will check one of the categories below. Read what is beneath the category. This is your "weight-bearing status." It tells if you may or may not put any body weight on your affected leg. It also tells you how much weight you may place on the affected leg.
Non-weight bearing (NWB)
Place no weight on your affected leg. Do not touch the floor with your affected leg. While you stand or walk, you must hold your affected leg off the floor (see Figure 1 at right).
Touch-down weight bearing (TDWB), or toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB)
When you stand or walk, you may touch the floor only for balance. Do not place actual weight on your affected leg (see Figure 2 at left).
Partial weight bearing (PWB)
When you stand or walk, you may place ____ percent of your body weight ( _____ pounds) on your affected leg (see Figure 2 at left).
Weight bearing as tolerated (WBAT), or weight bearing to tolerance (WBTT)
When you stand or walk, place only as much weight as feels comfortable on your affected leg. Let pain be your guide. If you feel pain, place less weight on the affected leg (see Figure 2 at left).
Full weight bearing (FWB)
You may place your full body weight on your affected leg when you stand or walk.
Note: Your therapist may give you other instructions about weight bearing.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Miles or kilometers per Week is an individual thing, so you have to find what works for you. By listening to your body and adjusting your schedule appropriately, your weekly distance becomes what ever your body can handle.
During the month you may strive for a particular goal in weekly distance, but include in each month a rest week to give your body extra time for recovery. The rest week is a reduction of about 40-50%. Run shorter distances and take more rest days or light cross-training days.
Heavy/LightAnother suggestion is to run heavy/light. Suppose, for example, you have a good run today. That run is a heavy run, meaning it puts significant stress on your body. Sports doctors say our bodies need at least 48 hours for recovery, so tomorrow should be a light day. A light day could be running about half the distance you did today. Or it could be no exercise at all. Or it could be light cross-training such as light swimming, walking, light cycling, light weights, etc.
Peaks & SlumpsIt is normal for a runner to reach a peak in training such that the person thinks he or she can do that forever and then go into a slump in which the person can't do much at all. This is normal. Slumps are signs from your body that you need more rest, and extra rest is the key to get out of a slump. Some slumps only last for a day or two while other slumps last longer. It all depends on your body and how tired it is.
SummaryWeekly distance isn't a constant. It varies according to how tired or how rested your body is. It varies with the scheduled monthly rest week. It varies with your goals. Experienced runners tend to do more miles per week because their bodies are stronger. New runners shouldn't try to match their distance.
Suggested Distances for Long Slow DistanceI like to do one long run, one medium run, and several rest runs per week. The length of your long and medium runs depends on your goals. Here are my suggestions for long and medium runs.
- No racing, just running for enjoyment. Listen to your body. Reduce your running when you feel tired.
- 5K: Long run of 5 miles, medium run of 3 miles, rest runs of 1-2 miles.
- 10K: Long run of 8 miles, medium run of 4 miles, rest runs of 2-3 miles.
- Half marathon: Long run of 15 miles, medium run of 10 miles, rest runs of 5-6 miles.
- Marathon: Long run of 15-20+ miles, medium run of 13-17 miles, rest runs of 10-12 miles.


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My last article described the Shadow Model data modelling technique and how you can use it to help resolve a specific performance challenge caused by tables forced to direct query mode in particular scenarios. The approach detailed in that article used the GROUP BY method of mapping "alternate of" columns which can result in unwanted behaviour.
In this article, I wanted to share an alternative approach, which in some ways does a better job at mixed grain aggregations.
Mixed grain aggregations are tables summarised by a grain other than the key of existing dimension tables in your model, eg. A table summarised by Month, when your Calendar table is keyed by day.
When Aggregation Awareness gets enabled in a Power BI composite model, the engine will attempt to rewrite DAX queries to use smaller, faster aggregate tables. For aggregate awareness mapping to succeed, aggregate tables need to either have a strong relationship to the tables with columns used as a slicer or in a visual or use the GROUP BY method.
Each method has pros and cons so are suited to different scenarios which I have listed in the table below.
|Strong Relationship||Can slice by any column from a related table (on one side)||The aggregate tables must be summarised by the same grain as related table|
|GROUP BY||Can slice using a column at a higher grain than the key of the related table||Can only slice by column specified in the GROUP BY directive|
The Strong Relationship method is the easiest to set up. It provides the most flexibility, but this approach forces aggregation tables to get summarised to the same grain as the key in the dimension table. When this method gest used, a visual or slicer can use any column listed in the aggregate table. This approach is especially useful when you have a high number of columns in the dimension table, and the model is going to get used for ad-hoc workloads, so you cannot predict ahead of time which columns will get included in reports. Ideally, you want users to have the ability to use any column from a dimension table and still reap the benefits of aggregate awareness. This benefit includes new columns added to the model in the future.
The GROUP BY method requires more configuration by the model author but allows an aggregation table to get connected to another table at a higher grain. When using the GROUP BY method, the only columns from the dimension table that can be used and still have aggregate awareness successfully rewrite the query are the columns with specific GROUP BY directives configured in the Manage Aggregation dialog. Multiple columns can get configured, but this forces the aggregate table also to carry these columns – which starts to eat into the advantages provided by using smaller summary tables.
The example demonstrated in this article (and the previous article) focuses on how to enable Aggregate Awareness to successfully rewrite queries when using Calendar Month as the grain.
The previous article showed how this could be solved using the Shadow Model technique. This article describes an alternative version that only uses Strong Relationships.
The following image shows how you can configure a model to allow an end-user to slice by MonthID and take advantage of the sales table aggregated by month, but still, have the flexibility to use any column from the Calendar table.
- Table 1. Fact table (Direct Query).
- Table 2. Aggregate table summarised by Date (import)
- Table 3. Aggregate table summarised by Month (import)
- Table 4. Standard Dimension table (Dual) with a strong relationship to Table 1, 2 & 3
- Table 5. Calendar Table at day level (Dual)
- Table 6. Calendar Table at month level (Dual) with a strong relationship to Table 5
Once the model gets configured, the following queries can run.
EVALUATE SUMMARIZECOLUMNS( 'Dimension Date_Month'[Calendar Year],'Dimension City'[State Province],"Sum of Quantity", sum('Fact Sale'[Quantity]) )
The first query is grouped by the [Calendar Year] column from table 6 along with a column from table 4. In this case, aggregate awareness successfully rewrites the query to make use of the monthly aggregate table. The query can use more than just the MonthID column from the dimension table. Any column from table 6 can get used, and aggregation awareness will still work.
EVALUATE SUMMARIZECOLUMNS( 'Dimension Date_Month'[Calendar Year],'Dimension Date'[date],'Dimension Date'[ISO Week Number],'Dimension City'[State Province],"Sum of Quantity", sum('Fact Sale'[Quantity]) )
The second query is extended to now include some additional columns from table 5. Aggregate awareness successfully rewrites this query to use the daily aggregate table.
The main drawback to this approach is columns that naturally reside together in the same table, are now split across multiple tables. This separation of columns can potentially confuse users not used to seeing columns split this way. If most of the reports using a model configured this way are canned reports, this shouldn't be too much of an issue. Whereas, if the model will get used for self-service or ad-hoc workloads, then some
As you can see in the image above. The visual carries [Calendar Year] and [Date] columns that a user might normally expect to find in the same table.
A good naming convention for the tables will help keep them together in the field panels.
I mostly wanted to follow up my last article with an alternative approach you may want to consider. The techniques are not restricted to working with time dimensions and would work equally well with other dimensions – so long as you ensure data integrity.
The files used for this model are:
As always, please feel free to reach out if you have questions or feedback.


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Book Title : Mechatronics Principles and Applications
Author(s) : Godfrey C. Onwubolu
Publisher : Elsevier
Edition : First
Pages : 664
Size : 4 Mb
Mechatronics is a core subject for engineers, combining elements of mechanical and electronic engineering into the development of computer-controlled mechanical devices such as DVD players or anti-lock braking systems. Mechatronics Principles and Applications eBook by Godfrey C. Onwubolu book is the most comprehensive text available for both mechanical and electrical engineering students and will enable them to engage fully with all stages of mechatronic system design.


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RESPECT: The Changing Role of Women in the Music Industry
This paper examined trends in the depiction and presence of women in popular music and how the two are interrelated. In order to perform this analysis, the top five songs according to the Billboard Hot 100 charts from every year for the past fifty years (_PHONE_) were chosen. These 255 songs were coded for various indicators, which show how depictions of women have changed over time and how these depictions differ by gender of the vocalist. Through analysis, we found that the presence of women in the Billboard Hot 100 is experiencing an overall uphill trend, and with it the presence of positive messages in female artists' music. However, negative messages are also increasing, especially in the lyrics of male artists and mixed-gender groups. Also, sexual lyrics have increased through time.


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Trade‐offs in the exploration of Sustainable Livelihoods: experience from a micro‐credit intervention in Nigeria
The paper discusses the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) as implemented by a Catholic Church development organisation (Diocesan Development Services; DDS) in Nigeria, including the trade‐offs involved and the meaning of 'success' with this process. SLA sets out to assess the ability of a social unit to enhance its assets and capabilities in the face of shocks and stresses over time and could be said to be a practical framework for evidence‐based intervention. DDS implemented an SLA to help provide the basis for changes planned to an existing intervention, namely micro‐credit. Given the challenges involved in SLA, DDS decided upon a number of trade‐offs to balance the significant cost in resource against what it was looking for from the process. The first driver was a perceived need from DDS to provide quality evidence to help plan changes to its micro‐credit scheme. The evidence gained from the SLA was also intended to help provide credibility when approaching major donors for support with the scheme. Secondly there was a desire to use the SLA as a means to identify and work with a group of households in an area where DDS had little prior experience on the assumption that these households could form the basis for a wider involvement with the community.
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- noun the matter or surface on which an organism lives
- The base layer, or other surface upon which something is deposited, etched, attached, or otherwise prepared or fabricated. A substrate also provides physical support and insulation. For example, the base film of a magnetic tape, or the plastic base of a compact disc.
- A substrate (1) utilized in the manufacturing of circuits and microcircuits. Such a substrate may be made, for instance, of ceramic, plastic, glass, or a semiconductor material. An active substrate has active elements, such as transistors, formed directly on it, while passive substrates have components mounted upon them.
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We evaluated the dynamics of walleye Sander vitreus population size structure, as indexed by the proportional size distribution (PSD) of quality-length fish, in Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003 and in 204 other lakes in northern Wisconsin during 1990–2011. We estimated PSD from angler-caught walleyes in Escanaba Lake and from spring electrofishing in 204 other lakes, and then related PSD to annual estimates of recruitment to age-3, length at age 3, and annual angling exploitation rate. In Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003, annual estimates of PSD were highly dynamic, growth (positively) explained 35% of PSD variation, recruitment explained only 3% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 7% of PSD variation. In 204 other northern Wisconsin lakes during 1990–2011, PSD varied widely among lakes, recruitment (negatively) explained 29% of PSD variation, growth (positively) explained 21% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 4% of PSD variation. We conclude that population size structure was most strongly driven by recruitment and growth, rather than exploitation, in northern Wisconsin walleye populations. Studies of other species over wide spatial and temporal ranges of recruitment, growth, and mortality are needed to determine which dynamic rate most strongly influences population size structure of other species. Our findings indicate a need to be cautious about assuming exploitation is a strong driver of walleye population size structure.
Additional publication details
Effects of recruitment, growth, and exploitation on walleye population size structure in northern Wisconsin lakes


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1993: Institutions for the Earth
For day 26, Clay Morgan, Senior Acquisitions Editor, Environmental Studies, Political Science, Bioethics, looks back on Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection edited by Peter M. Haas, Robert O. Keohane, and Marc A. Levy:
One of the first books to study the effectiveness of existing institutions in protecting the environment, Institutions for the Earth remains a seminal and widely used text for courses and in the policy community. The book contributed greatly to social scientists' understanding of international institutions, and it has inspired a good deal of research and many books on international institutions in subsequent years, a number of which have been published by the MIT Press. Institutions for the Earth was one of the first books to study international environmental governance systematically, through a qualitative, comparative, focused approach to international environmental regimes. It developed a nuanced and eclectic theoretical framework for identifying three social mechanisms that contribute to international environmental cooperation: cooperative environment, capacity building, and concern. These approaches combine theoretical insights from institutional and constructivist analysis.


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Preparation Tips for Last Minute SSC Selection Post 2020
This post is also available in: हिन्दी (Hindi)
Staff Selection Commission (SSC) is recruiting for Selection Post 2020 Phase VIII. There are more than 1000 vacancies available for this post. If you are appearing for this exam, then beginning the preparation right now is crucial. This article about SSC Selection Post Preparation Tips will help you align your approach method as per the subjects and the easy tips will optimize your preparation level.
SSC Selection Post Selection Procedure 2020
The selection process is based on 2 stages –
- Written exam in Computer Based Mode (Objective type multiple choice questions)
- Skill Test.
SSC Selection Post Exam Pattern 2020
SSC Selection Post Selection is based on Written Exam in a Computer Based Mode that consist of Objective Type Multiple Choice Questions.
|Subjects||No. of Qs||Max. Marks||Duration|
|English Language||25||50||60 minutes|
|General Awareness (GA)||25||50|
SSC Selection Post Preparation Tips
You cannot master this subject in a day. To score well in this section you need consistent practice. If your preparation is strong then you can score more marks as compared to Quant, Reasoning and English.
- Regularly read newspapers and magazines to learn new words and improve your reading.
- You need to learn at least 10 new words daily with meaning and its usage.
- Learn all the basic grammar rules and improve your comprehension skills.
- Use flash cards which make learning and remembering new words easy.
- Additionally, solve as many previous year papers as possible.
- Give mock test to self analyse your preparations.
- Attempt/Solve: English for Competitive Exams Modules, Testbook English Quiz, English Stack Exchange, Word Power Made Easy Capsules
- Read Newspapers, Books if possible regularly. Try to read newspaper daily for an hour to gather all the latest information.
- You can also refer magazines, school books and journals.
- Try to focus on topics like Culture, History, Indian Constitution, Geography, General Polity, etc
- Watch news channel, this will help in improving your knowledge of international events, and important activities.
- Keep yourself updated on the recent current affairs that took place in recent six months. You can also read current affairs magazines published for government jobs.
- Solve GK quizzes, previous year papers, and mock test.
- Study on the latest events or changes that took place in the country (related to sports, politics, finance, budget, etc.)
- Attempt/Solve: Current Affairs App, Static GK, GK Quiz,Current Affairs Capsules,Current Affairs Quiz,
- If you are good at Mathematics then this could be your topic to score more marks. However, for those who are not so good in this section need lot of practice.
- This section is time consuming, therefore do not waste time on the sections that you cannot solve during the exam.
- Understand the questions carefully, and avoid rushing while solving the problem.
- The main topics to focus on are Ration and proportion, Averages, SI and CI, Speed, time and distance, time work, Mensuration, Discount.
- Attempt/Solve: Testbook Quant, Testbook Quant Quiz, Math Shortcut Tricks,mock test
This section is scoring and can fetch you lot of marks in the exam. Therefore, focus more while preparing and understand the basic concept or idea before solving these questions.
- Learn all the topics that come under this section like Coding-Decoding, Blood relations, Difference and Similarities, Arithmetic Reasoning and Number Series, Analogies, etc.
- As this subject is less time consuming, therefore, prepare all the topics that come under this section.
- You can also study the topic as per weight age and allot proper time accordingly.
- Make sure that you are practicing more to ace this subject.
- Always ensure to review all the topics after you finish.
- Use smart tricks, short and quick methods for solving this section with accuracy and speed.
- Attempt/Solve: Testbook Reasoning, Testbook Reasoning Quiz
General SSC Selection Post Preparation Tips
- Know the syllabus and exam pattern in and out. Go through the entire syllabus and understand each topic well.
- Collect the required study materials from a proper source. Online reference books can also be studied.
- Prepare a proper time table to study, and spend ample time on each subject.
- Make sure you are solving all the questions with speed and accuracy.
- Try to solve questions faster and with accuracy. For that you need to practice very hard.
- Accuracy and Speed is important during exam. Therefore, make sure you practice more to ace this topic.
- Attempt mock test and solve previous year papers, this will help you get familiar with all kinds of questions, exam pattern and difficulty level.
- Time management is crucial. Since you have to solve 100 questions in 60 minutes, therefore, make the most of your time.
- Don't spend too much time in a particular question, as the number of questions is more & you have limited time.
SSC Selection Post Phase 8 Syllabus
Before starting preparation for any competitive examination, one need to be well versed with the syllabus. The point in knowing the syllabus is to segrgate all the important topics which you should put more focus on, by doing that you increase your chances in acing any examination. Read our article on SSC Selection Post Syllabus to plan out your exam prep.
Start practicing for your Competitive Exam Today.
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Description: An overview of current mass casualty incident (MCI) patient tracking methods and their shortcomings as well as initiatives to improve patient tracking in MCI situations.
At the end of this presentation, participants will be able to:
- Describe different mass casualty incident (MCI) patient tracking methods that are currently used.
- Present alternate methods or initiatives aiming to provide improved patient tracking in MCI situation.
- The increased use of electronic Emergency Department patient information systems and other hospital electronic patient systems requires an investment in time and resources to develop adequate patient tracking methods in hospitals.
- The ideal patient tracking method will track patients from the scene of a MCI all the way to hospital discharge in real time and facilitate the search for family members & friends.


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Bernhard Molique was a German violinist and composer.
He was born in Nuremberg. His father was a musician and the boy studied various instruments, but finally devoted himself to the violin.
In 1815 he received some lessons from Louis Spohr, and then studied the violin for two years at the University of Munich under Pietro Rovelli.
In 1820 Molique succeeded Rovelli as court violinist in Munich, and, after several successful tours, in 1826 he became music director at Stuttgart. He died in Cannstatt in 1869. One of his pupils was the violinist Henry Blagrove.


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Spinal angiolipomas: MR features.
PURPOSE: To determine the MR features of spinal angiolipomas and to compare these findings with their histologic appearance. METHODS: The MR examinations of three patients with surgically proved angiolipomas were reviewed for tumor location and extent, signal characteristics, and pattern of contrast enhancement, and were then compared with the histologic findings. RESULTS: Four tumors were found in the three patients, all located in the posterior epidural compartment, averaging about 2.5 vertebral bodies in length. On noncontrast T1-weighted images, all lesions were inhomogeneous and hypointense relative to epidural fat. Inhomogeneous enhancement was seen in three lesions on postcontrast T1-weighted images obtained with fat-saturation techniques. Angiolipomas were least conspicuous on T2-weighted images. A high vascular content correlated with the presence of large hypointense regions on T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION: Spinal angiolipomas are typically hyperintense on noncontrast T-1-weighted images relative to other tumors. Angiolipomas that contain large hypointense foci on noncontrast T1-weighted images can be expected to have a high degree of vascularity.
Provenzale, JM; McLendon, RE
Volume / Issue
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Pubmed Central ID
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PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA DAN LITERASI INFORMASI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM UNGGULAN PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM DI BALI
This research is a part of a research entitled "The Role of Public Libraries for the Society (Case Study of Public Libraries in Bali). This study examines the efforts of public libraries in Bali in improving literacy and literacy skills of public information through various programs developed by each district public library. The research method used in this research is qualitative research, where data is collected through interviews with librarians and staff in public libraries. the results of the research indicate that each district / municipal public library has excellent programs to increase reading interest of the community as well as improving the information literacy skills of the community. Some of the leading programs developed include: mobile services, story telling, inter-library loan, ancient manuscripts, and special services. Implementation of the leading program by the public library aims to make the library as a public space where people can meet each other and share knowledge.


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Achieving and sustaining high productivity levels is every professionals goal, and they adopt various tactics and strategies to boost the quality and speed of their work. But, have you ever thought about the fact that work output actually begins from the work-desk and, therefore, how you plan your desk space will have a strong impact on productivity levels?!
Research indicates that an effective workspace design boosts productivity and satisfaction, while a disorganized space leads to a cluttered mind and drop in productivity. This infographic highlights 6 smart tips for a productive workspace and how they work.
What Is The Best Desk Setup For Productivity?
Infographic by – Quill


Chief's Message
Peace making in an ever changing world. For thousands of years, the Lenca rulers of Managuara have not only played a delicate stewardship of the narrow land bridge in the continent, they have also played a mediation role between the north and south cultural blocs. In this video, the current Chief explains that unique role of the House and the Chief. By extension, it is the role of all Lenca descendants, wherever they are.
Who and where are the Lenca? What is their role among other Native Nations?
Filmed at All My Relations Arts, Native American Community Development Institute.


Walther Bothe
Walther Bothe
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Walther Bothe
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
Born: 8 January 1891, Oranienburg, Germany
Died: 8 February 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Prize motivation: "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith."
Prize share: 1/2
In a counter tube, particles passing through the tube generate an electric pulse. In 1925 Walter Bothe connected two counter tubes together so that only simultaneous passages were registered. This meant that either the passages were caused by particles that originated from the same event or by a particle that moved so fast that the time for movement between the tubes was negligible. Walther Bothe used the method to show that energy is conserved in impacts between particles and photons and to study cosmic radiation.
To cite this section
MLA style: Walther Bothe – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Sun. 29 Nov 2020.
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Maphilindo Silat
The Maphilindo Silat system was created by Guru Dan Inosanto in honor of his instructors and is a blend of various systems. The name comes from Malasia, Philippines, and Indonesia which are the countries of origin for this system of deadly combat.
Effective and Deadly system from Southeast Asia
There are many systems of Silat with are various stories of origin, A popular origin is told from Guru Inosanto about how Alexander The Great. Silek was the ancestral art form and then was spread throughout the region by the military of that time.
Silat has been featured in popular movies such as The Raid Redemption and The Accountant. With beautiful movement there is disguised deadly techniques that can be highly effective when trained properly..
Maphilindo Silat can greatly enhance any martial arts system. If one were to utilize silat's geometric lines of attack and apply its principles in combat, it would be a great additional to any art and its effectiveness
Ron Balicki


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With FRANKEN Phase Separators droplets are separated from liquid-liquid dispersions through coalescence processes.
The improvement of the quality of liquids and the recycling of the separated dispersed phase lead to significant technial advantages at low investment costs, and low energy and operational expenses.
We offer different Phase Separator types for a multitude of diverse separation tasks:
Separation of fine droplets > 0,1 µm
(Settling time 2 - 240 h)*
Separation of droplets > 10 µm
(Settling time 5 - 120 min)*
Separation of droplets > 50 µm
(Settling time < 300 s)*
* 100 ml beaker


Current Earth-Destruction Status
From the International Earth Destruction Advisory Board:
How can I find out if the Earth has been destroyed?
There are three ways to check.
 1. You can check the EDA level and CGC on this page at any time.
 2. If you wish to be notified by email in the event of the Earth being destroyed, you can subscribe to the mailing list at the email address below.
 3. You can add the following code:


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Ask mot Herdlefjorden og Holsnøy
Ask mot Herdlefjorden og Holsnøy. (Helge Sunde)
It is the easily weathered-out mountainside that gives the Askøy-berries their good taste. On parts of the east side of Askøy, the nutrient-rich mica schist has given a very fertile soil - the green fields between Ask and Straumsnes are Askøy's oasis. It was the green Ask where Bergen folk preferred to to build their summer homes on Askøy. Strawberry-growing on the open land there was one of the main businesses on Askøy, and "ask-berries" (or "Ash-berries") have been appreciated and sought after for several generations. Word reached all the way to eastern Norway in the old days. Strawberries from Askøy are still to be had, but today, there are few strawberry farms left that deliver this precious fruit, and the berries are the same kind as are grown everywhere else in the country.
It is easy to distinguish between the depleted gneiss bedrock with pine forest and blueberry bushes growing on it, and the lush mica schist-soils on this part of Askøy. To the south, the boundary goes north of Olavvika Bay, while to the north, this sparkly rocktype takes over steering of the soil near Breivik. In the area between, the strawberries got their growing power and good taste.
Vesle Bergensboge (the "Little Bergen Arc") is what brought the mica schist to Askøy. Between Straumsnes and Ask, this geological phenomenon emerges up from Byfjorden. Then it disappears gradually along the road north to Herdle Fjord. The schists on the east side of Askøy were originally clay. This clay was pressed down into the crust over a long period of time, far down into the depths of the Caledonian Mountain Chain, with temperatures up toward 400–450 °C. At 15–20 kilometres depth, the grains of clay became re-mineralized to mica minerals. Simultaneously, the mineral garnet was formed. When the mountain chain later got eroded down, such that the rock got exposed at the surface, the weathering set in. The minerals became unstable when they came into contact with the atmosphere. Wind and weather didn't let any chance escape to attack the minerals. In this way, the nutrients from the mountainside were released to the soil (see frame).
In the hills on Ask, the mountainside has been weathering away since the Ice Age ended, about 11 500 years ago. This is not especially long in a geological perspective. Because of the poor resistance against weathering in the mica schist, the result nonetheless has been a thick layer of mineral-rich soil. The hard, quartz-rich gneiss bedrock on the island otherwise has been subjected to the same attack from wind and weather over just as long a time. Such rock types require several million years in order to weather out, preferably under much warmer climatic conditions, in order to form a good soil. Therefore, the weathering has not come particularly far in this mountainside.
The area between Straumsnes and Ask is not only endowed with nutrient-rich and easily-broken-down bedrock, it is also better protected against bad weather than many other parts of the municipality. Kolbeinsvarden, Askøy's highest mountain, rises in the southwest. The sea, in addition, is not as rough as it can be on the west side. The geology and the weather conditions have in a way played on the same team, to create the good growing conditions.
Nourishment from stone
Dead plants get broken down by microorganisms which produce carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Dissolved in water, carbon dioxide gives carbonic acid (H2CO3 ). Carbonic acid is a relatively weak acid. But, when it has had a chance to work together with humic acid and liberate hydrogen ions (H+), the effect can be strong: The acid goes loose on minerals that originally were formed at great depths, and transforms them into other minerals that are stable at surface conditions that exist at the earth's surface. This process frees potassium (K) and sometimes also calcium (Ca), elements that are important for making good soil.
 - A picture from the 1930s; a woman with a typical strawberry basket made of wood.
A picture from the 1930s; a woman with a typical strawberry basket made of wood. (Loaned:Ivar Tumyr)
 - Dagny Tellevik harvests the year's crop.
Strawberry harvesting on Ask, past and present. Dagny Tellevik harvests the year's crop. (Svein Nord)
 - Fossen, H.; Ragnhildstveit, J. 1997. Geologisk kart over Norge, berggrunnskart Bergen – M 1:50.000. Norges geologiske undersøkelse.


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Chinese faces, the opposite was true [female faces: 2(2) = 2.58, = 0.276; male faces: 2(2) = 8.87, = 0.012]. Moreover, in Caucasian faces, Gender only affected reaction time to upset faces [upset: 2(1) = 11.44, = 0.001; smiling: 2(1) = 0.59, = 0.442; neutral: 2(1) = 0.03, = 0.872], whereas in Chinese faces, Gender affected reaction time no matter Emotion [upset: 2(1) = 25.90, < 0.001; smiling: 2(1) = 7.46, = 0.029; neutral: 2(1) = 5.16, = 0.023]. The impairing effect of an upset expression on female face categorization was clearest within the relatively easy Caucasian faces, while a converse facilitating effect on male face categorization was most obvious for the relatively difficult Chinese faces. The effect of Gender was largest for the hard Chinese faces. The upset expression increased reaction instances for Caucasian female faces (Number?(Figure2A)2A) and conversely reduced them for Chinese male faces (Figure?(Figure2D2D). Level of sensitivity and male biasA repeated actions CCNE2 ANOVA showed a significant Race-by-Emotion effect on both d (Table?(Table2)2) and male-bias (Table?(Table33). Table 2 ANOVA of d-prime for adult gender categorization. Table 3 ANOVA of male-bias for adult gender categorization. Level of sensitivity was greatly reduced in Chinese faces (2 = 0.38, i.e., a large effect), replicating the other-race effect for gender categorization (O'Toole et al., 1996). Upset expressions reduced level of sensitivity in Caucasian but not Chinese faces (Numbers 3A,B). Male bias was high overall, also replicating the getting by O'Toole et al. (1996). Here, in addition, we found that (1) the male bias was significantly enhanced for Chinese faces (2 = 0.35, another large effect), and (2) angry expressions also enhanced the male bias, as expected, in Caucasian and Chinese faces (2 = 0.17, a moderate effect)although to a lesser degree in the second option (Numbers 3C,D)..
Purpose To undertake mutation testing in the connexin 46 (showed the presence of a novel, heterozygous C260T switch in one family (CC-472) who had two affected users. 15 genes have been identified as becoming involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of congenital and developmental cataracts. The eye lens, an avascular organ, is highly dependent on intercellular communication for volume rules and metabolic homeostasis. This is achieved by cell-to-cell communication via space junctions, which are encoded from the connexin genes. These space junctions facilitate the exchange of ions, metabolites, signaling molecules, and other molecules that have a molecular excess weight up to 1 1 kDa between adjacent cells. In humans, more than 20 genes coding connexins of varying molecular mass ranging between 25-62 kDa have been identified. Three of these, connexin 43, 55481-88-4 IC50 connexin 46, and connexin 50, are indicated in the lens. Mutations in either connexin 46 or in connexin 50 have so far been linked with congenital cataract [9,10]. The aim of present study was to identify the mutations in the connexin 46 ((GenBank "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text":"NM_021954″,"term_id":"115392136″,"term_text":"NM_021954″NM_021954), located at 13q11 and consisting of a single coding exon encoding 435 amino acids, was sequenced using previously published primer sequences. Genomic DNA from two affected and one unaffected individual from each family were amplified. PCR and sequencing reactions were performed following conditions detailed elsewhere [12,13]. Electrophoresis of purified sequencing reaction products was performed on 5% urea-polyacrylamide 55481-88-4 IC50 gel on ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), and data was analyzed using sequence analysis software version 3.4.1 (Applied Biosystems). Restriction endonuclease analysis The DNA fragment harboring the mutation was amplified for both affected and unaffected family members, and PCR products were digested with revelaed a novel heterozygous C>T transition (Number 2A) at position 260 (c. 260C>T) in the affected individuals of CC-472 family. It is this transition that led to the alternative of highly conserved threonine with methionine at codon 87 (Thr87Met). This substitution produced a novel and additional dominantly inherited mutations reported in different connexins, this mutation also results in improper association of connexins and alters the function of endogenous wild-type connexins in the affected individuals in a dominating negative way. Number 4 A multiple sequence positioning of amino acid sequences of connexin 46 in different species and in different human alpha-connexins. Positioning data show that threonine is definitely highly conserved in different varieties (A) and in different human alpha-connexins … Problems in the connexin 46 and connexin 50 genes have been reported to cause cataract in mice. Point mutations A47C and V64A in the connexin 50 gene have been reported to result, respectively, in nuclear opacities (mutations share genotype-phenotype similarities to some extent, but they also show some variations with respect to the appearance and location of opacities within the lens. At this point, 12 mutations in have been reported to be associated with autosomal-dominant congenital cataract in humans including different domains of connexin 46 polypeptide (Table 1). Most of the cataract phenotypes linked with mutations in the are of nuclear or zonular pulverulent types. The phenotype observed in present study (CC-472 family) is different in its appearance from the earlier reported types (Table 1) as it appears like pearls inside a package (Number 1B,C). The variations in the morphologies of cataract phenotypes associated with mutations in the in different families may be attributed to the action 55481-88-4 IC50 of modifier 55481-88-4 IC50 genes or environmental factors that could affect the manifestation of the connexin 46 gene and hence producing cataract types. Table 1 Reported mutations in associated with different congenital cataract phenotypes in different families. In summary, we describe a novel heterozygous T87M mutation in the connexin 46 polypeptide associated with "pearl package" cataract. On the basis of observed phenotypic as well as genotypic variability as compared to previously published reports, the present study further expands the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of congenital NSHC cataract. Acknowledgements We say thanks to the individuals and.
Gastric cancer (GC) is normally a major reason behind global cancer mortality. sizes had been purified with Geneclean Package (Bio 101, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). Ten l of PCR items were digested using the limitation enzyme,TaqI(New Britain BioLabs, Beverly, Mass.). PCR-DHPLC and DNA sequencing evaluation DHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography) evaluation was performed as defined 16, 17. PCR items displaying aberrant PCR-RFLP banding patterns and exhibiting unusual elution top in DHPLC had been put through sequencing evaluation. RT-PCR assays Five g of total RNA from each test was employed for cDNA synthesis, using the MMLV and arbitrary primers (Oligo dT). Two g of reverse-transcription item was utilized as layouts to amplify particular fragment of in music group density. Tissues microarray structure and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluation Tissues microarrays were built as defined previously 18. An affinity purified goat polyclonal antibody < 0.05 was considered significant statistically. To investigate the relationship between T889C mutation and sufferers' response to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, we likened progression-free period and overall success period of the sufferers who received similar anticancer medications, at the same pathological stage when diagnosed initially. Regarding surgical functions, sufferers included because of this scholarly research will need to have received comprehensive surgery from the tumor, with detrimental pathologic margin, and with the caveat from the anatomical located area of the tumor and the health of the patients. MI-773 IC50 The amount of operative resection was evaluated with a central overview of operative reviews, and preand post-operative imaging. When the full total outcomes of scans and operative reviews differed, the amount of operative resection was evaluated predicated on the outcomes of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sufferers with among the pursuing two conditions had been excluded: 1. underwent unsuccessful surgical treatments (for example, anastomotic leakage


Job Design - Meaning, Steps and its Benefits
Job design follows job analysis i.e. it is the next step after job analysis. It aims at outlining and organising tasks, duties and responsibilities into a single unit of work for the achievement of certain objectives. It also outlines the methods and relationships that are essential for the success of a certain job. In simpler terms it refers to the what, how much, how many and the order of the tasks for a job/s.
Job design essentially involves integrating job responsibilities or content and certain qualifications that are required to perform the same. It outlines the job responsibilities very clearly and also helps in attracting the right candidates to the right job. Further it also makes the job look interesting and specialised.
There are various steps involved in job design that follow a logical sequence, those that were mentioned earlier on. The sequence is as follows:
 1. What tasks are required to e done or what tasks is part of the job?
 2. How are the tasks performed?
 3. What amount are tasks are required to be done?
 4. What is the sequence of performing these tasks?
All these questions are aimed at arriving upon a clear definition of a specific job and thereby make it less risky for the one performing the same. A well defined job encourages feeling of achievement among the employees and a sense of high self esteem.
The whole process of job design is aimed to address various problems within the organisational setup, those that pertain to ones description of a job and the associated relationships. More specifically the following areas are fine tuned:
 - Checking the work overload.
 - Checking upon the work under load.
 - Ensuring tasks are not repetitive in nature.
 - Ensuring that employees don not remain isolated.
 - Defining working hours clearly.
 - Defining the work processes clearly.
The above mentioned are factors that if not taken care of result into building stress within the employees.
Benefits of Job Design
The following are the benefits of a good job design:
 1. Employee Input: A good job design enables a good job feedback. Employees have the option to vary tasks as per their personal and social needs, habits and circumstances in the workplace.
 2. Employee Training: Training is an integral part of job design. Contrary to the philosophy of "leave them alone' job design lays due emphasis on training people so that are well aware of what their job demands and how it is to be done.
 3. Work / Rest Schedules: Job design offers good work and rest schedule by clearly defining the number of hours an individual has to spend in his/her job.
 4. Adjustments: A good job designs allows for adjustments for physically demanding jobs by minimising the energy spent doing the job and by aligning the manpower requirements for the same.
Job design is a continuous and ever evolving process that is aimed at helping employees make adjustments with the changes in the workplace. The end goal is reducing dissatisfaction, enhancing motivation and employee engagement at the workplace.
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The letters at the end of a number sequence in HP cartridges signify the cartridge's ink volume. Many HP cartridges, as well as some other manufacturers, have a long sku, a short part number and, sometimes, even an alternative part number. For example, HP's #56 cartridge is also known as the 56A C6656, C6656A and C6656AN. These are all the same product and have the same ink volume, but are displayed using various shortened versions of the full part number, which is C6656AN. Most HP cartridges are available with different ink volumes. HP cartridges with different ink volumes are identified by a different letter at the end of the number sequence. For example, HP cartridge 51645G and 51645A are identical cartridges, but have different ink volumes. The "G" is the free starter cartridge that comes with a printer and the "A" is the regular high volume cartridge that is sold in stores. When our house-brand cartridges are manufactured, they are always filled completely. So, regardless of the letter at the end of the HP part number, or the letter at the end of the HP cartridge that you normally order, you will always get a cartridge with a high-ink volume from LD.
Articles in this section
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- Will my warranty be voided if I refill my cartridges?
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- Some cartridges come in big sets for example, 4 black and 2 of each color. Can the cartridges be mixed around within the set so that we can get more of one color than others?


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Tree "kickers" are hardwood logs which are used to deflect stream flow away from an unstable bank area. One or more logs are anchored to the streambank on an outside curve and placed at an angle to "kick" stream flow away from the bank and toward the middle of the stream. Brush is tied between the log and the bank to prevent scour erosion. Kickers are often used with other practices such as evergreen revetments (see Guide No. 12 Evergreen Revetments) which further protect streambanks from eroding forces, and with dormant cuttings and hardwood plantings which reestablish root systems in the bank. See Guides No. 07 Restoring Streambanks with Vegetation, No. 08 Trees for Ditches, and No. 13 Forested Buffer Strips for detailed information on these practices.
A kicker is one of several biotechnical practices described in the Ohio Stream Management Guides. These practices use vegetative or other natural materials to achieve stream management objectives, usually erosion control. One of the chief advantages of biotechnical practices is that they help restore natural stream features, like in-stream habitat and streambank vegetation. Guide No. 10, Biotechnical Projects in Ohio, provides an overview of biotechnical practices. It also maps over 50 project sites and lists contacts who can arrange for site visits.
Some site conditions and/or project objectives (such as protecting existing structures on the streambank) will require use of more traditional, structurally engineered solutions. This is particularly true where high velocity flows can be expected. In other situations, a combination of structural and biotechnical practices may provide both strength and habitat. No project should be undertaken without an understanding of the functions of stream energy and the source of any problem to be corrected. Guide No. 03, Stream Management and the Stream's Natural Processes, will provide an overview of stream dynamics and the impacts land and channel management practices have on streams. Technical assistance about stream dynamics can also be obtained at your local Soil & Water Conservation District. The phone numbers are listed under county government in your local phone directory.
The purpose of this Ohio Stream Management Guide is to describe the generally suitable site conditions and the design, installation and maintenance steps for tree kickers. The guidelines provided are based on years of field experience in Ohio, particularly on Scenic Rivers. As with any construction project in a stream, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources recommends you consult with the applicable local, state and federal authorities listed in Guide No. 06, Permit Checklist for Stream Modification Projects, prior to construction. The extent of permit requirements will depend on the location and design of your project.
Where to Use Kickers
Tree kickers are most often used to correct bank undercutting, especially where the crest of the cut bank is five feet (ft.) or more above normal water levels. A kicker deflects the concentration of stream energy away from the bank. In addition, kickers help rebuild the bank by providing an area for sediments to deposit and provide underwater structure for fish and aquatic insects. The construction guidelines in this Guide apply to this use of the kicker practice. Tree kickers are occasionally used to deflect flows into a point bar on an opposite bank to erode sediment deposits. The sediments will then redeposit downstream where stream velocity slows.
Always look for the cause of erosion when considering how to solve it. If the bank is eroded from flow coming over the bank from adjacent land, kickers are not applicable. If the stream is just naturally meandering, protection measures should not be installed unless really necessary. Tree kickers will not correct erosion due to lack of root structure. In that case, new vegetation should be planted. However, banks which lack vegetation and root structure are vulnerable to undercutting, so a kicker might be needed in addition to the new vegetation.
Channel depth at the construction site needs to be shallow enough for a person to safely stand and work during low flows. Kickers work best where there are trees, preferably live ones, on the bank onto which one or more logs can be anchored. Since the kicker practice alone does not include planting vegetation, it can be used in shady areas. Kickers are most often installed in streams where the channel width is less than 100 ft. but wide enough so that deflected stream flows do not cause erosion on the opposite bank.
Design and Construction Guidelines
Choosing a Kicker Log - Any available tree can be used for the deflecting log, including those found in the channel. In fact, woody debris found in stream channels can be put to good use in constructing kickers. Excess debris (that which is causing an obstruction) should be removed from both the channel and the floodplain. The best species for kicker logs are hardwood trees, which deteriorate slowly, and/or trees with dense branches, which slow stream flow and catch sediments. The size of the log(s) should be compatible with the channel width and stream flow at the site. Of course, the anchor trees should be as large or larger than the kicker log.
Brush or evergreen trees should be cabled to the kicker log in the area between the log and the bank (see Figure 1). Small trees with crowns intact can also be used. This prevents bank scour and traps sediments in the slower, "backwater" area. If the kicker log still has its root wad attached, extra care should be taken to tie brush around the wad on the side toward the bank. Root wads are excellent for in-stream habitat structure but increase the likelihood of bank scour.
Do not anchor the kicker log or the brush to the streambank. During high flows the log and attached brush need to be able to rise with the water. If high velocity flows occur before sediments have a chance to build up and "attach" the kicker log to the bed and bank, those flows may scour under the kicker structure. Choosing logs with large and dense branches helps prevent this scour. Repair or replacement may, however, be necessary. If this is a concern, and the stream size and project design allows the kicker log diameter to be about 6 inches or less, you can try anchoring the top end of the kicker log into the stream bed or bank to prevent it from floating. Anchoring methods are discussed in Guide No. 12, Evergreen Revetments.
It is important to avoid hitting any utility lines during excavation and it is easy to be safe by using the "Call Before You Dig" service (1-800/_PHONE_) 48 hours prior to digging. They will contact local utility companies and have them flag any lines located near your project.
Kicker Construction - A four-wheel drive truck or small tractor can be used to pull the kicker logs into place. Cable and two or three snatch block pulleys can be used to angle the logs without moving the truck more than necessary. A manual come-along can be used if the logs are not too large. At least two people should work together to safely place and angle the logs correctly. Secure the logs with cables and clamps as shown in Figures 1 and 3. After construction, be sure to reseed any areas disturbed by the vehicle.
Equipment - In addition to the items mentioned above, you will need:
- A first aid kit
- Chain saw and appropriate safety equipment: hard hat and goggles, chaps and gloves
- Saw or loppers for harvesting brush
- Steel aircraft cable, 3/8, 1/2 or 5/8 inch, depending on the kicker log's size.
- Clamps sized to match the cable; bring extra to replace any lost in the water. Some lost clamps can be recovered with a large magnet.
- Standard deep well 3/8 drive socket set with 9/16, 1/2, 5/8 inch extensions - or Open end wrench set, 5 pieces including 9/16, 1/2, 5/8 inch sizes
- Wire and/or 1/4 inch cable to tie the brush together and secure it to the deflector log
- Pliers and wire cutters, if using wire
- Sledge hammer and sledge-type cable cutter
- Chest waders
- A back hoe if excavating trench for a dead man anchor
Maintenance - During the first year or two after construction at least two people should inspect the kicker(s) after high water events and make any necessary repairs. Check the angle of the kicker and adjust it as necessary. Make sure the cable on the deflector logs and brush is wrapped tight, add more brush if you find evidence of scouring, and tighten any loose clamps. Inspect and maintain the kicker annually after that.
An important factor in every maintenance check is to make sure the cable around the live trees is not too tight. If the bark on the trunk is expanding beyond the cable, the tree is being girdled and its life is being threatened. Use the extra cable which you left loose during the installation to ease the wrapped cable as the tree grows. Use the wooden blocks, too, to ease pressure on the live trees. After several years it may be possible to eliminate the cable on the anchor trees altogether. This is only possible where enough new sediment has settled in to solidly reestablish the bank so that the kicker is secure without it being anchored to the trees.
This Guide is one of a series of Ohio Stream Management Guides covering a variety of watershed and stream management issues and methods of addressing stream related problems. The first several guides in the series are overview guides intended to give the reader an understanding of the functions and values of streams. For more information about stream management programs, issues and methodologies, see Guide No. 05 Index of Titles or call the ODNR Division of Water at 614/265-674


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In This Section
APIFED (Appui à l'autopromotion et l'insertion des femmes, des jeunes et des désœuvrés)
APIFED are located in Djoum, Cameroon and works with local and indigenous communities mostly in the region of Djoum. RFUK's partnership with APIFED began in 2014 and together we are working on the following issues:
- Participatory Mapping
- Land and Resource Rights of Forest Peoples
- Processes related to and planning (zoning land reform)
APIFED aims to contribute to improving the socio-economic position of vulnerable groups.


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Colligative properties are the properties of a solution as a whole and depend on the concentration. The colligative properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering and osmotic pressure.
Alright. Let's talk about colligative properties solutions and colligative properties are a collection of physical properties of the solution that are affected by the number of solute particles. So properties of solutions are going to be different from the properties of the actual solvent by itself. And the things that, there are four things that are going to be affected by this. One's going to be vapor pressure, and actual vapor pressure of the solution versus its solvent will lower, the other one, another one is boiling point and the boiling point of the solution will be higher than the boiling point of the solvent alone. The freezing point of the solution will be lower than the actual solvent by itself and the osmotic pressure is going to increase, compared to a solvent by itself. And this will depend on the molality, molality not molarity, molality of the solution. And molality is moles of solute over kilograms of solvent, and don't forget the density of water is one gram per millilitre. So we can just change number of litres to kilograms, they'll be the sa-, it should be the same conversion because the density of water is one. And don't forget that the unit for that the symbol for molality is a small m.
So thithis will depend, this molality is what's going to show how much all these guys are affected. So let's talk about different types of things that should be in a solution. So you have electrolytes and as you should remember electrolytes are things that conduct electricity in solution or ionic compounds and ionic compounds as you know will break up in solutions. So for example we have sodium chloride. When you put sodium chloride in water, it will actually break up into sodium ion and a chloride ion. So if you put one molal of sodium chloride in solution, you'll actually get two molals of product, of particle in your soin your solution. So it will actually break up and you know that your solute is going to be an electrolyte.
Also if it's an electolyte that has like calcium chloride that has more than you know just two particles those will break up and actually three particles of every one. So if it's one molal of calcium chloride you actually need three molals of particles which will affect this more than sodium chloride will affect it even if they were the same amount. Also, non-electrolytes, non-electrolytes do not break up in solutions so however amount you put in solution is the amount that you actually, the amount of particles will actually be in the solution.
So, for example here is table sugar which we know is a molecular compound. If we put one molal of a non-electrolyte, it will just be the same. These are not going to break up into its atoms. So it will stick together. It will break up from each other but it'll stick together in terms of the compound. So given one molal of a non-electrolyte, you are going to end up with one molal of particles of non of the non-electrolyte. So this is actually going to play a big part in dealing with the cocolligative properties, the solutions, boiling point, freezing point and vapor pressure and osmotic pressure. And we'll talk about others in each separate video.


Laquoshea Fitzhugh
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Arcane Reach allows you to target a close burst or blast starting 2 squares away from you. Thunderwave pushes each target in a close blast 3.
The wizard chose his origin square and wanted the thunderwave to point back at himself. Is this allowed? Or is the push still determined from the wizard's square?
As to why? Well, he desperately needed to get out of his own Wall of Fire. Kids, be careful around fire!
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2 Answers 2
up vote 14 down vote accepted
The consensus on the forums seems to be... unclear. I think the best response is this post:
Glossary definitions from PHB (for Arcane Reach) and Essentials (for origin square and push).
Arcane Reach: When using a close arcane attack power, you can choose a square within 2 squares of yours as the origin square. The power still follows the rules for close attacks.
Push (forced movement): Pushing a target means that each square of the forced movement must move the target farther away from the creature or effect that is pushing it.
Origin Square: The square where an effect originates. Every power has an origin square. A power's attack or utility type determines the origin square's location.
By RAW, you would push the target away from the origin square.
So if you used Thunderwave (a close blast 3) and decide that the origin square is 2 squares away from you (from the Arcane Reach feat), then any creature pushed with Thunderwave would be pushed away from the origin square (2 squares away).
Which also supports logic "origin from any square 2 squares away, thus you can attack yourself from the target line: Target: Each creature in blast, as you're a creature.
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Does this mean then that the target is yourself? Are you allowed to self-target with attack powers? – Rob Jun 12 '12 at 14:16
No, the "target" is not yourself, but you count as a creature such that if a power that would not otherwise target you targets you (via arcane reach) you are a valid target for that power. – Brian Ballsun-Stanton Jun 12 '12 at 14:35
Self-targetting with attack powers is an interesting question. I urge you to ask that as a proper question. – Brian Ballsun-Stanton Jun 12 '12 at 14:36
In my opinion? That's a clever solution, it's cool, and I would let it fly. DM fiat is a spectacular solution to unclear problems like this. Is it Rules As Written? Maybe not. But it works for me.
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I totally let it fly! However, in D&D4 there is usually a "right" answer. As a group, we've decided to abide by the DM's call during game night and then search for the "right" answer after. – Pat Ludwig Oct 13 '10 at 16:07
Ah, that makes sense. – Player's Side Blog Oct 15 '10 at 14:12
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Community Paramedics: Can They Help You?
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Every year, the nation's emergency rooms handle 136.3 million visits. Many of these visits could be handled by a primary care physician or other healthcare professional outside of the hospital. People who do not have insurance often use the emergency room as their only source of medical care. Other people with chronic conditions simply have to visit the emergency room frequently due to sudden and severe flair ups. If you are someone who needs such care, consider using a community paramedic or EMT for some of your medical needs.
Community Paramedic
A paramedic traditionally provides emergency care on the scene and then transports a patient to the hospital if necessary. Some communities have expanded their role to include providing health care services at hospitals, clinics, and homes outside of an emergency situation. These professionals often receive additional training so that they can offer this expanded level of care. These community paramedics have the potential to lower the number of emergency room trips and admittances.
The cost of an emergency room visit can be astronomical, with many procedures costing between $750 - $73,000. Even with insurance coverage, your portion of this bill can be significant. If you do not have insurance, much of the bill may never be paid, contributing to a higher cost for medical services in your area. When a community paramedic goes to the homes of those with chronic conditions or other problems that are not truly an emergency, it lowers the cost of service for everyone. These visits can stop the revolving door of emergency room visits for those with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease by providing necessary care in the home.
Patient Benefits
In addition to cutting costs, this program means that patients benefit from excellent follow-up care after surgery. The patient's physician can write up orders for an evaluation. The paramedic can then perform the evaluation and write a report for the doctor. This method identifies possible problems without the patient having to go into the office, an often stressful experience when you are physically weak. This in-home care removes stress from the patient and the healthcare system.
If you suffer from a chronic condition or are simply suffering from an illness that requires attention, but doesn't warrant an emergency room visit, consider using a community paramedic. You can receive the care you need in your home while cutting costs. Also, they can help you manage your conditions so that your health stabilizes. Community paramedic programs can improve the quality of your life. To learn more, speak with a business like Cornerstone Hospice and Palliative Care.


text:
Students will learn the importance of sleep for humans by reading and discussing the children's book "I See the Animals Sleeping: A Bedtime Story." The class will share predictions about what the story will be about. After the reading, a guided discussion will help students make the connection between animal sleep patterns and why sleep is a necessity for humans.
The book "The Animals Sleep: A Bedtime Book of Biomes" is used as an introduction to biomes and their plant and animal inhabitants. After reading the book out loud to the class, the teacher will lead a discussion about biomes, followed by an activity session.


C. Happy Farm 5
time limit per test
2 seconds
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
standard input
standard output
The Happy Farm 5 creators decided to invent the mechanism of cow grazing. The cows in the game are very slow and they move very slowly, it can even be considered that they stand still. However, carnivores should always be chased off them.
For that a young player Vasya decided to make the shepherd run round the cows along one and the same closed path. It is very important that the cows stayed strictly inside the area limited by the path, as otherwise some cows will sooner or later be eaten. To be absolutely sure in the cows' safety, Vasya wants the path completion time to be minimum.
The new game is launched for different devices, including mobile phones. That's why the developers decided to quit using the arithmetics with the floating decimal point and use only the arithmetics of integers. The cows and the shepherd in the game are represented as points on the plane with integer coordinates. The playing time is modeled by the turns. During every turn the shepherd can either stay where he stands or step in one of eight directions: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. As the coordinates should always remain integer, then the length of a horizontal and vertical step is equal to 1, and the length of a diagonal step is equal to. The cows do not move. You have to minimize the number of moves the shepherd needs to run round the whole herd.
The first line contains an integer N which represents the number of cows in the herd (1 ≤ N ≤ 105). Each of the next N lines contains two integers Xi and Yi which represent the coordinates of one cow of (|Xi|, |Yi| ≤ 106). Several cows can stand on one point.
Print the single number — the minimum number of moves in the sought path.
1 1
5 1
5 3
1 3
Picture for the example test: The coordinate grid is painted grey, the coordinates axes are painted black, the cows are painted red and the sought route is painted green.


text: To create a dynamic composition out of a single head, Jacob Jordaens used two colors of chalk plus bodycolor and a wash. The young woman's broad face fills the sheet squarely, with her eyes demurely cast down and lips pursed. Bold red chalk hatching suggests the ruddy color of her cheeks, while curving strokes of black chalk layered with lines of wash form her wispy hair. Dark areas of wash around her eyes give them depth. Throughout his career, Jordaens made many such studies of heads drawn from life, of his wife and of other women.


Technology Musings
Super Fuzzy Searching on PostgreSQL
I have been working on doing some fuzzy searching on PostgreSQL for a while, and thought I'd share some of my experiences here. Many people are not yet aware of the incredible fuzzy search capabilities of PostgreSQL, especially that were added in the 9.1 release.
Most people use an external engine such as Lucene to do fuzzy searches. While, as you will see, there are still reasons to do so, they are much fewer now than they used to be.
Fuzzy Search Using Trigrams
While PostgreSQL has lots of different fuzzy search options (soundex, levenshtein, etc.), the one which has the most support is trigram searching. What is a trigram? Trigrams break a word up into 3-letter sequences, which can then be used to do similarity matches. Think of the word "hello". It has the following trigrams: "h", "he", "hel", "ell", "llo", "lo", and "o". Now look at the word "hallo". It has the following trigrams: "h", "ha", "hal", "all", "llo", "lo", and "o". You can see that there are several trigrams that match, and several that don't match. Similarity is computed via cosine similarity (which I don't totally understand), but, basically, the more trigrams you have in common the closer the match. In the present case, 'hallo' and 'hello' have a similarity of 0.333333. You can see this in PostgreSQL by saying:
select similarity('hello', 'hallo')
PostgreSQL also has two other relevant operators that use similarity - the "<->" operator and the "%" operator. "<->" is the "distance" operator, which is simply one minus the similarity (i.e. if the similarity is 0.2 the distance will be 0.8). For text searching, "%" is the "similar" operator, which returns true if two strings are similar, or false if they are not. Two strings are defined as "similar" if their similarity is 0.3 or greater. This can be set with set_limit(), but it is not usually useful to do so (we will deal with custom similarities later). The "%" operator is important, because of its heavy use in indexing.
Installing Trigrams
The trigram module (pg_trgm) is not installed by default in PostgreSQL, but is one of their standard (and supported!) extensions. To install, you need to make sure you build the module in the source code. To do this, go into the contrib/pg_trgm directory of the source code and do a "make; make install". This will install the plugin, but will not activate it. Then, in any database you want to use this plugin, put in the command:
This will load the necessary SQL to install the functions and operators needed to make trigrams work. If you type that command in the template1 database, then all future databases created on that system will have the extension installed.
Using Trigrams Without an Index
The simplest use of trigrams would be to have a table with a name column, and do a search like this:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe'
This will return a list of people where the trigram similarity is greater than the default threshold. If you want to specify the similarity you are looking for, you can change that to:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE similarity(lastname, 'Schmoe') > 0.5
This will give a less-tolerant match than the default.
The problem with doing this is that it takes a lot of processing power. The reason people usually use databases is because they have a huge number of records and need to be able to search them quickly. If we have 10,000 records, manually doing trigram matches will take quite a bit of time.
So, one of the best features of PostgreSQL 9.1 is the ability for PostgreSQL to incorporate trigrams into an index. So, to make an index to speed up our search, do:
CREATE INDEX people_lastname_trigram_idx ON people USING gist(lastname gist_trgm_ops);
This will create a "gist" index, which is a special type of index which is often used in spacial and other vector-oriented matching. The "gist_trgm_ops" is a little bit of magic that tells gist how to use a text field as a vector of trigrams.
Now, your query will use the index, provided you have enough rows to make it worthwhile. HOWEVER, it is not yet using the index efficiently. While PostgreSQL can (and will) use the index for this query, it doesn't actually check the condition until a later step (I believe, but am not sure, that it is using the index to get everything in the right order, and then at a later stage doing filtering). For large tables, this can still be several orders of magnitude worse than you want. To fix this, you MUST use the "%" operator. This will cause the index to have an "index condition", which it will use to limit the results that it puts out. So, if you have:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe';
This will use the index AND the index condition, and will be super-fast (except in extremely large datasets - see next section). However, this uses the built-in cutoff point of 0.3 similarity. What if I want my results to be tighter than that? The best way is to combine % with similarity(), like this:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe' AND similarity(lastname, 'Schmoe') > 0.5;
In this case, the database will use the "%" condition for the index, which will be incredibly fast, and the "similarity()" call as a post-index filter, which, since there is a much smaller dataset, will still be pretty fast.
Working With Larger Datasets
I had trouble working with trigrams because my main dataset is about 14 million titles. At this size, trigram searching is really slow. With the whole database loaded in-memory (either in PG's cache or in the filesystem cache - I have many, many gigs of memory), a trigram search of the database USING THE INDEX took between 3 and 12 seconds, depending on the string. Poking around, I came out with the following basic results for a database on an Amazon EC2 4XL instance without any other load:
 - 100,000 records: 40 milliseconds
 - 1,000,000 records: 0.4 seconds
 - 14,000,000 records: 7 seconds
So, as you can see, the useful limit to these queries is about 1 million records. Therefore, if you have more than 14 million rows, if you want to do trigrams, you need to find a way to boost performance. I've found there are two basic methods you can use to speed up trigrams on large datasets:
 1. Create specialized indexes with subsets of your data
 2. Create a separate wordlist table with unique words
#1 is much preferred if you can do it, because it is an entirely database-oriented method. Basically, what I did, is I figured out that on my queries I only needed to trigram search on about 1 million of my 14 million records. Therefore, I specialized the index by adding a "WHERE" clause to the index itself. On my database, I have a "type" field, and I'm only searching certain types of records. Therefore, I changed my index to the following:
CREATE INDEX people_lastname_restricted_trigram_idx ON people USING gist(lastname gist_trgm_ops) WHERE type IN ('my_type1','my_type2');
This meant that only about a million records were being stored in the index, which brought down my search time considerably. Another search that I was doing was based on the person's "popularity", in which case, I added another index for popularity being greater than 20. This restricted the set down to about 100,000 records, which made it blazingly fast.
The other alternative (#2) I mentioned is to create a separate table of words which is searched. The idea is that while you may have 14 million records, there probably aren't 14 million words. Therefore, you create a table using unique words from the database, and then add a trigram index on that. The problem, though, is that this takes either (a) a lot of manual work, or (b) a lot of triggers, none of which is the way I like to administer databases. Nonetheless, it can work if you are merely wanting to use trigrams to fuzzy-match individual words. It can be especially helpful in conjunction with PostgreSQL's full-text search (previously known as tsearch2), which still operates blazingly-fast on 14 million records. Fuzzy string matching on words can be combined with full-text search on records to present a powerful and fast method of searching. The wordlist can be fuzzy-matched to provide better hints at what words are in the fulltext.
To create a wordlist, do something like this:
CREATE TABLE search_words (word text);
CREATE INDEX search_words_word_trigram_idx ON search_words USING gist(word gist_trgm_ops);
Then, every time you need to


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Solution. The term is everywhere! It just may be the most overused and least understood term in technology, SaaS, software, consulting, or business today. So what exactly is a solution?
Definition of Solution
Based on my experience working with a variety of companies, here is the Solution Marketing Strategies definition of the term "solution"
A complete and integrated offering that includes everything required to solve a customer problem and provide value to the customer:
- Complete: The solution includes whatever is needed to solve the problem.
- Integrated: The components are designed to work together.
- Offering: Whatever is being provided to the customer – could be a software-centric solution, a series of services, a consumer service or good etc.
- Everything: Includes all of the components – an understanding of users; process; data and content used in the process; hardware, software, other technology; and strategy, integration, support and training services provided by the vendor and their partners (see Solution Framework below)
- Solves a customer problem: The solution fixes a problem or challenge that the customer has.
- Value: The solution provides a benefit that is greater than the cost to fully deploy the solution (i.e., Benefit – Cost = Value)
Now that we've defined the term "solution," let's take a look at the key components of a good solution.
The Solution Framework
You might think of a solution as following a framework. The Solution Marketing Strategies Solution Framework™ or model describes the following components required to solve a problem. Components can come from the vendor and their partners – and even from the customer. Each of these elements applies to all types of solutions – B2B, B2C, B2E (employee) etc.
- Customer and pain points – While not solution components per se, the customer and their pain points are the reason that the solution exists. I.e., we're trying to solve a problem; this is the "why" for the solution.
- Users: Solutions are purposely designed to meet the needs of users – everyone who comes in contact with, is a beneficiary or stakeholder of the solution. Users are the "who" for the solution.
- Process: Solutions are usually built to manage some sort of a repeatable, structured process or informal collaboration process. This applies as much to B2B processes like accounts payable processing as it does to B2C processes like hailing a cab from Uber. Process defines "how" the solution works.
- Data and Content: Solutions run on both structured data (such as database records, pricing, analytics) and unstructured content (such as electronic documents, images, sound files, videos, text). Data and content are "what" flows through the solution.
- Technology: Solutions often include technology such as equipment, hardware, software (whether cloud or premise-based), and media (such as CDs or DVDs) that enable the solution to manage the process, data and content for the benefit of the customer, users and stakeholders. Technology "enables" the solution.
- Services: Services fill in the gaps between components and tie the entire solution together into a smoothly operating whole. Services "complete" the solution and can include everything from strategic, integration and deployment services to ongoing support services.
Why it matters
Now that you know what a solution is, you may be asking why it matters at all. The above definition and framework help you to see what it takes to really solve a problem. For example, providing software alone may not be enough to solve a customer problem – and the definition and framework above can help you to see that more clearly. This definition can also help you to see broader opportunities for your company – new ways to serve the needs of customers, for example, by adding new services to your technology product. And finally, consistent definitions enable alignment with other functions, partners and customers so you can deliver better outcomes and grow revenue.
So what do you think? How would you define the term "solution" and what should it include?
- Fixing the Mix
- Prospects Need to Cross a Chasm Too
- Secretaries, Typewriters and Solutions
- Solution as a Suffix – 5 requirements of a solution
- Products or solutions – it all depends on market maturity
- Solutions Insights Blog – a great post on defining the word "solution"