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Rydberg blockade is a phenomena in 3 or more level systems of Rydberg dressed atoms.
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The wikipedia artilce on Rydberg atoms cites several papers from 2007 and 2008 that have "Rydberg blockage" in their titles. – dmckee Mar 9 '13 at 16:35
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In zero electric field, the interactions energy between two Rydberg atoms is $U=C_6 r^{-6}$. If the Rydberg transition is driven with an (effective) Rabi frequency $\Omega$, then the blockade radius is $$R_b = \left( \frac{\hbar\Omega}{C_6} \right)^{-1/6}$$ If one atom is excited to the Rydberg state, a second atom will be detuned by just enough to prevent a complete transition.
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BPM Voices: Using business rules to mine business rules test scenarios
In this column, Pierre Berlandier presents a flexible solution to the problem of creating and selecting of test scenarios, based on the different components of the WebSphere® ILOG® JRules Business Rules Management System (BRMS) platform. The solution leverages the Decision Warehouse to capture a detailed trace of the scenario executions, and the Business Action Language for mining the desired test scenarios. This content is part of the IBM Business Process Management Journal.
Pierre Berlandier (_EMAIL_), Senior Technical Staff Member, I.B.M.
Pierre Berlandier photoPierre Berlandier has worked for ILOG services for the past 15 years, during which time he has helped ILOG's clients leverage the successive incarnations of the rules programming paradigm from expert systems to real-time intelligent agents, and now business rules applications.
developerWorks Contributing author
29 June 2011
One critical challenge in the development and maintenance of a rule-based decision service is to gather a collection of relevant test scenarios. Relevance is, of course, subjective and can be defined from different points of view: for the business, relevance can mean testing the behavior of a very specific aspect of the business policy that has not been exercised extensively yet. For IT, a set of test scenarios may be considered relevant if it offers enough coverage among all the possible decision paths.
Building test scenarios from scratch for a real-life decision with tens (and often hundreds) of data points can be a daunting task, both for the business, which has to work inductively on the rules to select the proper scenario values, and for the IT groups, which have to debug the test scenarios to ensure that they are complete, well-formed and eventually executable by the rule engine. The activity thus needs the combined knowledge of the business, the rules implementation, and the BRMS platform.
Meanwhile, the production database that supports a business application often contains a treasure trove of potential test data. It is usually possible to extract request data that is (or has been) submitted to the production system and transform it, so that it conforms to the request format that is expected by the rule-based decision service. However, to exploit this large number of potential test scenarios, we have to provide an easy way for the business to mine and select them, based not only on characteristics of the test data, but also on the execution details and the outcome of the scenario.
The goal of this article is to present a flexible solution to the problem of creation and selection of test scenarios, based on the different components of the ILOG JRules BRMS platform. It proposes, in particular, to leverage:
 - The Decision Warehouse to capture a detailed trace of the scenario executions.
 - The expressiveness and the business-friendly nature of the Business Action Language (BAL) as an efficient tool for mining the desired test scenarios.
Test scenario selection process
The information needed to perform test scenario selection is composed of the input and output data, as well as the detailed record of the steps that led to the output data using the given input. For example, one may want to gather the test scenarios where the primary applicant of a loan has a credit score that is less than 650 and for which the rule "Retired Applicant Discount" has been applied.
The information needed to design such criteria is typically captured by the execution trace recorded by the JRules Decision Warehouse component. The first step to prepare the mining of test scenarios from a production system database is therefore to run all candidate scenarios extracted from this production database through the business rule service and capture the execution traces in the Decision Warehouse, as shown in Figure 1.
Once the execution trace objects are available, they can be used as the input of a rule-based decision which rules are implementing the desired selection criteria.
As a result of the selection process, the business will expect test suites that are captured in the business friendly format supported by the Excel® spreadsheets for the Decision Validation Services (DVS) component. The last step is thus to transform the raw collection of scenarios into a well-organized and manageable DVS Excel test suite, using the DVS serialization API.
The three steps are illustrated on Figure 1:
 1. Capture of the execution trace by the Decision Warehouse.
 2. Selection of relevant scenarios by applying rules to the execution traces.
 3. Serialization of scenarios and output to a DVS Excel test suite.
The following sections describe in detail how to perform these three steps.
Figure 1. Test scenario selection process
Test scenario selection process
Note that we are assuming in the rest of this article that the eXecution Object Model (XOM) for the business domain ruleset is based on XML Schemas, which facilitates the serialization and deserialization of information captured by the Decision Warehouse traces.
Capturing the execution traces
The Decision Warehouse provides a flexible way to store execution traces through a custom DAO. In our case, we will rely on the default DAO, which will enable us to store and retrieve the execution trace as an instance of the JRules IlrDWTrace API class. Enabling the capture of traces by the Decision Warehouse is controlled through ruleset properties, which can be either defined when the ruleset is deployed or dynamically managed through the Rule Execution Server console:
 - The monitoring.enabled property shall be set to true, so that traces are captured.
 - The ruleset.bom.enabled property shall be set to false, so that the input and output parameters of the candidate scenarios are recorded as XML code, and not the BOM representation.
Selecting the scenarios
Our goal here is to prepare the environment for a rule project in which rules can be written against potential test data but also the properties of the execution of business rules against this test data.
To support our examples, we will use a simple Lending business rules application, composed of a rule project defining a BOM entry (loan-bom) with three classes: Borrower, LoanRequest and LoanResponse, and a separate rule project (loan-rules) which implements the Eligibility and Pricing rules, using the previous BOM. The loan-rules project has a LoanRequest input parameter and a LoanResponse output parameter.
BOM for trace objects
In order to be able to write rules on the different information provided by the execution trace, we need a BOM entry to model the trace object structure and verbalize its properties.
We thus need to define a rule project (we will call it scenario-selection-bom) that defines the BOM entry illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. DW trace BOM entry
DW trace BOM entry
This entry can be created by pointing the Java Execution Object Model property of the project to the jrules-res-execution.jar file, which is part of the ILOG JRules platform distribution. The methods of the IlrDWTrace and its parent interface IlrExecutionTrace are particularly relevant to writing discriminating conditions as they allow access, among other properties, to:
 - The input and output parameters
 - The execution duration
 - The list of executed rules and tasks (execution events)
 - The rules not fired, and the tasks not executed
The list of execution events captured by the trace contains:
 - IlrTaskEvent elements, a recursive structure composed of the tree of events (rules events and task events) that have been fired.
 - IlrRuleEvent elements, a record of a rule instance that has been fired.
Figure 3. Execution events captured by the trace
Execution events captured by the trace
Selection rule project
Armed with the generic BOM for trace objects, as well as the specific BOM used by the business project, we can now define a rule project (we will call it scenario-selection-rules), which receives the execution trace to examine as an input parameter and returns as an output a Boolean string telling whether the scenario represented by the trace should be selected or not. The references between the different rule projects are shown in Figure 4..
Figure 4. Rule project relationships
Rule project relationships
Ruleset variables
The execution trace object coming from the Decision Warehouse will contain a serialized version of the input and output parameters in either the BOM form or as XML strings for projects using an XML XOM.
We need to bind this data to objects inside the engine so that we can manipulate them. For an XML XOM, this binding can be performed by using an XML data driver that translates an XML Schema to an execution object model (XOM).
We can thus declare a set of variables in the scenario-selection-rules project and initialize them using an implementation of an IlrXmlDataDriver interface (for example, IlrXmlDefaultDataDriver). Once an XML data driver instance is available, we can create the internal JRules objects from their XML serialized form using an IRL expression of the form, as shown here:
ObjectClass input =
 (ObjectClass)xmlDataDriver.readObject(new StringReader(inputString));
In our Lending example, we would define two ruleset variables, loanRequest and loanResponse, which could then be initialized using a Technical Rule on the following model:
when {
then {
 String loanRequestString =
 loanRequest =
 (LoanRequest)driver.readObject(new StringReader(loanRequestString));
 String loanResponseString =
 loanResponse =
 (LoanResponse)driver.readObject(new StringReader(loanResponseString));
Rule Flow
The rule flow for the scenario selection project is straightforward: the first task is dedicated to the initialization of the ruleset variables (see previous section), and the next task is the collection of scenario selection rules (see next section), as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Rule flow
Rule flow
With the ruleset parameters and variables


I apologies if this is off topic for this site, but I am trying to figure out (and not having much luck) how to get an empirical distribution function of a sum of two random variables given two samples of equal length (say 256) from their respective distributions. I understand that the distribution is given by a convolutions of their distributions, which can be computed as a product of their characteristic functions.
So, to test, I take two time series of length 256 each from standard normal distribution, compute their Fourier transforms using Fourier transform tool from Data Analysis toolpack in Excel, multiply the results using complex multiplication function IMPRODUCT, and then apply inverse Fourier transform. However, the resulting time series does not have a variance of 2 (it is more like ~240) which should be the case for the sum of two standard normal RVs. It might be some normalization issue, but I am not sure how and why it comes up.
Also, I am not sure if I am supposed to be doing zero-padding of the two original time series (say +256 zeros for each). I have read that if one wants to perform regular convolutions (instead of a "circular" one, whatever that is), one have to do this padding with zeros. This padding, however, seems to make the final result also double the length, but I would like to get the estimated distribution of the sum of the same length as the inputs, so not sure what needs to be done here.
Add 1
For example, given two identical samples of size 9 from uniform distribution
their convolution would produce 81 pairs with values
with respective counts
which gives the triangular distribution. What I am looking to do, is to produce this without doing these convolution sums, but by using Fourier transform.
Add 2
This is what Wikipedia says on the calculation of empirical characteristic function.
If $X_{i},i=1,2,\ldots,n$ are i.i.d. observations, then the empirical characteristic function $\varphi _{n}(t)$ is defined as
$$\varphi _{n}(t)={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\exp(itX_{j}).\tag{1}$$
And this is what it says about application of the characteristic function to sums of random variables.
In particular, $\varphi _{X+Y}(t) = \varphi _{X}(t) \varphi _{X}(t)$, i.e. the characteristic function of the sum of RVs is the product of their respective characteristic functions.
So, from the above two, it seems that one can construct characteristic functions directly from the samples and multiply them together to get a characteristic function of the sums. The only bit left is to get back into the "sample space". That was my understanding.
Add 3
A discreet Fourier transform (DFT) of a sequence is
$$\hat f_k=\sum _{j=0}^{n-1} f_j \exp(i2\pi k j/n).\tag{2}$$
So, if we take the probability of observing each value in the sample on $n$ observations the same, ie $f_j = 1/n$, then the difference between empirical characteristic function and DFT is that $X_j$ in the former is replaced with $2\pi j /n$ in the latter, so the characteristic function looks like some kind of "non-uniform" DFT. And this is where I seem to get stuck, I don't know how to compute this non-uniform DFT. Also, the discreet $t$ points of the transform need to be the same for both samples as I would need to take the product of the two empirical characteristic functions at those points.
 - $\begingroup$ wait, you draw 256 samples from a distribution, and then act as if that is the distribution? It's not! It's a sample vector!! If you approximate the distribution by finding the histogram, you might be doing something sensible... (also, really, Excel is not the tool of choice. Try Python, R or Octave instead. Free tools that actually do what you need). $\endgroup$ – Marcus Müller Jul 21 '17 at 14:34
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for your comment. If I am not mistaken, one can take each observation as coming from a discrete distribution with probability of 1/n (n being 256 in this case), so effectively sample is like a distribution. This is also what I saw being done for calculation of empirical characteristic function, just applied to the sample. (Not sure, however, if one needs to sort the sample first). $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 21 '17 at 14:36
 - $\begingroup$ no, an observation is an observation, and not an estimate of the density.You need to calculate the empircal distribution first, and then you can convolve that. $\endgroup$ – Marcus Müller Jul 21 '17 at 14:38
 - $\begingroup$ As _USER_ says, you're completely off-base here. Please read this question and its answers and revise your question so that it makes a bit more sense. $\endgroup$ – Peter K. Jul 21 '17 at 14:46
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Your addition has ordered the samples... and they "happen" to be completely uniformly spaced. That won't happen with a truly random variable. The convolution of a 9-sample vector with itself will yield a 17-sample vector (well, non-zero if all 9 samples are non-zero), not 81. Again, you seem to be mixing the samples from the distribution with the underlying distribution. $\endgroup$ – Peter K. Jul 21 '17 at 16:15
I still think you're completely confused about what you're trying to do, so I'm going to go back and assume your question is:
Given two data sets $x_n, n=0,\ldots, N-1$ and $y_n, n=0,\ldots, N-1$, how do I compute the probability density function (PDF) of $x_n + y_n$ using Excel?
and try to answer that.
Finding the PDF of $x_n$
Finding the empirical PDF of a data sequence is a little tricky. The most straightforward way is to find the histogram of the data and normalize it so that it sums to 1.
In pseudocode:
h_x = histogram(x)
pdf_x = h_x/sum(h_x)
It's not Excel, but this Google Sheet shows how that can be achieved.
The columns are:
 - x : the random sequence.
 - bin start : the start of each bin (next one is the end of this bin)
 - count : the number of samples of x that fall between the bin start and bin end.
 - pdf_hat : a stab at the empirical PDF using the histogram.
The same approach can be used for finding the PDF of $y$.
Finding the PDF of $x_n + y_n$
As you say, the PDF of the sum is the convolution of the two individual PDFs (provided $x_n$ and $y_n$ are independent). See section 7.2 here.
Unfortunately, Google Sheets doesn't have an FFT function, but you could do it element by element, which is what I've tried to show in the columns:
 - index : index of the PDF estimates.
 - Realization 1 : the pdf hat values for one realization.
 - Realization 2 : the pdf hat values for another realization.
 - Convolution : the element-by-element convolution.
The resulting graph is an estimate of the PDF of the sum, which approximates the expected triangle function quite well.
enter image description here
How to do better?
Generally, a better way to estimate the PDF of a random variable is to use kernel density estimators. Once you've got the individual PDF estimates then you can just convolve them. Or, if you have the summed data, just apply the kernel density estimator directly to that data.
Also, as you say, a better way to do convolution may be to use the FFT. To avoid "time aliasing" you need to zero-pad your signals (PDFs in this case) to be at least $N+M-1$ long (where one signal is length $N$ and the other $M$).
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for taking time to read and reply to my post. I believe that the problem is "reduced" to finding a non-uniform DFT of a constant function $1/n$ sampled at the "times" given by the observed random numbers in the sample. This should results in an empirical characteristic functions of the generating distribution. Once two such empirical characteristic function are obtained, they can be multiplied together to get a characteristic function for a sum of two RVs, which can be then inverted to get empirical distribution of the sum. $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 22 '17 at 11:47
 - $\begingroup$ Unlike "normal" non-uniform DFT, however, I don't think one can do "gridding" since the information is contained in the random times at which "the signal" is observed, not in the signal itself, which constant here. So, it is not clear how to proceed in this case. $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 22 '17 at 12:11
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text:
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Tomoya Nakagawa, Naoyuki Maeda, Ryo Kosaki, Yuichi Hori, Tomoyuki Inoue, Makoto Saika, Toshifumi Mihashi, Takashi Fujikado, Yasuo Tano; Higher-Order Aberrations Due to the Posterior Corneal Surface in Patients with Keratoconus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009;50(6):2660-2665. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-2754.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
purpose. This study was designed to investigate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) due to the posterior corneal surface in keratoconic eyes compared with normal eyes.
methods. We studied 24 normal and 28 keratoconic eyes. The anterior/posterior corneal heights and pachymetric data were obtained with a rotating Scheimpflug camera. HOAs for 6 mm pupils were calculated from the differences between the height data and the best-fit sphere, using an original program for each corneal surface. The reference axes of the measurements were aligned with the primary line of sight. The HOAs were expanded with normalized Zernike polynomials. For each pair of standard Zernike terms for trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism, one value for the magnitude and axis was calculated by Zernike vector analysis.
results. The mean total corneal HOAs (root mean square [μm]) from the anterior/posterior surfaces were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (4.34/1.09, respectively) than in control eyes (0.46/0.15). The mean magnitude of each Zernike vector terms for trefoil, coma, and spherical aberration from the anterior/posterior surfaces was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (0.77/0.19, 3.57/0.87, −0.44/0.17) than control eyes (0.09/0.04, 0.33/0.07, 0.25/−0.07), respectively. The mean axes by vector calculation for coma due to the anterior (63.6°) and posterior surfaces (241.9°) were in opposite directions.
conclusions. Corneal HOAs on both corneal surfaces in keratoconic eyes were higher than in control eyes. Coma from the posterior surface compensated partly for that from the anterior surface. Residual irregular astigmatism in patients with keratoconus wearing rigid gas permeable contact lenses can be estimated by measuring the HOA from the posterior corneal surface.
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text:
Two Education Credits Help Pay Higher Education Costs
The American Opportunity Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit may help you pay for the costs of higher education. If you pay tuition and fees for yourself, your spouse or your dependent you may qualify for these credits.
Here are some facts about these important credits:
The American Opportunity Credit
- The AOTC is worth up to $2,500 per eligible student.
- The credit is available for the first four years of higher education at an eligible college, university or vocational school.
- The credit lowers your taxes and is partially refundable. This means you could get a refund of up to $1,000 even if you owe zero tax.
- An eligible student must be working toward a degree, certificate or other recognized credential.
- The student must be enrolled at least half time for at least one academic period that began during the year.
- You generally can claim the costs of tuition and required fees, books and other required course materials. Other expenses, such as room and board, do not qualify.
The Lifetime Learning Credit
- The credit is worth up to $2,000 per tax return per year. The yearly limit applies no matter how many students are eligible for the credit.
- The credit is nonrefundable. This means the amount you can claim is limited to the amount of tax you owe.
- The credit is available for all years of higher education. This includes courses taken to acquire or improve job skills.
- You can claim the costs of tuition and fees required for enrollment or attendance. This includes amounts you were required to pay to the institution for course-related books, supplies and equipment.
You cannot claim either of these credits if someone else claims you as a dependent on his or her tax return. Both credits are subject to income limitations and may be reduced or eliminated depending on your income.
Keep in mind that you can't claim both credits for the same student in the same year. You may not claim both credits for the same expense. Parents or students claiming either credit should receive a Form 1098-T, Tuition Statement, from their educational institution. You should make sure it is complete and correct.


text:
Doctor of Philosophy
Anatomy and Cell Biology
Dr. Timothy D. Wilson
Dr. Andrew J. Nelson
This dissertation explored the relationship between internal and external visualizations and the implications of this relationship for comprehending visuospatial anatomical information. External visualizations comprised different computer representations of anatomical structures, including: static, animated, non-interactive, interactive, non-stereoscopic, and stereoscopic visualizations. Internal visualizations involved examining participants' ability to apprehend, encode, and manipulate mental representations (i.e., spatial visualization ability or Vz). Comprehension was measured with a novel spatial anatomy task that involved mental manipulation of anatomical structures in three-dimensions and two-dimensional cross-sections. It was hypothesized that performance on the spatial anatomy task would involve a trade-off between internal and external visualizations available to the learner.
Results from experiments 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated that in the absence of computer visualizations, spatial visualization ability (Vz) was the main contributor to variation in spatial anatomy task performance. Subjects with high Vz scored higher, spent less time, and were more accurate than those with low Vz. In the presence of external computer visualizations, variation in task performance was attributed to both Vz and visuospatial characteristics of the computer visualization. While static representations improved performance of highand low-Vz subjects equally, animations particularly benefited high Vz subjects, as their mean score on the SAT was significantly higher than the mean score of low Vz subjects. The addition of interactivity and stereopsis to the displays offered no additional advantages over non-interactive and non-stereoscopic visualizations. Interactive, non-interactive, stereoscopic and non-stereoscopic visualizations improved the performance of highand low-Vz subjects equally.
It was concluded that comprehension of visuospatial anatomical information involved a trade-off between the perception of external visualizations and the ability to maintain and manipulate internal visualizations. There is an inherent belief that increasing the educational effectiveness of computer visualizations is a mere question of making them dynamic, interactive, and/or realistic. However, experiments 1, 2, and 3 clearly demonstrate that this is not the case, and that the benefits of computer visualizations vary according to learner characteristics, particularly spatial visualization ability.
Nguyen, Ngan T., "Anatomy: The Relationship Between Internal and External Visualizations" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 468.


taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny
Factors influencing the nematode community during composting and nematode-based criteria for compost maturity
Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2018
Authors:H. Steel, Moens, T., Vandecasteele, B., Hendrickx, F., De Neve, S., Neher, D. A., Bert, W.
Journal:Ecological Indicators
ISBN Number:0021-9568 _PHONE_
Keywords:Compost phases, Ecological indicator, Microbial community, Nematode-based index of compost maturity (NICM), Plfa
Pilot studies indicate that shifts in the nematode species composition, life strategies and feeding behavior during composting appear to be fairly consistent and, therefore, promising as a potential tool to assess compost maturity. However, this has been only based on a limited number of, mainly, non-replicated observations. In this study, we tested whether the nematode community succession patterns are recurrent for parallel processes and assessed the relationship between the changes in the nematode community and potential important variables (i.e., temperature, duration of composting and the microbial community). The nematode and microbial community of three simultaneously running Controlled Farm Composting and a reference Green Waste composting process were analyzed through time. Bacterial-feeding enrichment opportunists were most numerous during and directly after the heat peaks. Subsequently, the bacterial-feeding/predator community dominated and the fungal-feeding nematodes became more dominant during maturation, confirming general community patterns from previous experiments. Nematode abundances significantly fluctuated with temperature and the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes increased as the duration of the curing process increased. The amount of fungal-feeding nematodes was associated significantly with both duration of composting and temperature, and the F/(F + B) ratio was only significantly associated with duration of composting. Based on these results, and additional data from an industrial reference compost process and on available literature, a Nematode-based Index of Compost Maturity (NICM) is proposed, combining four nematode-based criteria (i.e., nematode abundance, F/(F + B) ratio, the presence of more than one fungal-feeding taxon and the presence of diplogasterids). Nevertheless, the NICM should be considered as work in progress which should be tested for a wider range of composts from diverse feedstock mixtures, locations (sites) and composting techniques, to validate the use of the index and allow more reliable interpretation of particular values of this index.


text: Abstract CuO nanosheets were synthesized by an easy and green sonochemical method. It was found that, CuO nanosheets could significantly catalyse the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–KMnO4 in an alkaline condition. Based on this finding, a new CL system (luminol–KMnO4–CuO nanosheets) combined with flow injection analysis has been developed for the determination of meropenem for the first time. Moreover, the CL intensity was enhanced when meropenem was presented in the reaction system. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of meropenem in the ranges of 0.005–6.00mg L−1, with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.0036mg L−1. The precision of the method was calculated by analyzing samples containing 1.0mg L−1 meropenem (n=11) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7%. Also, a total analysis time per sample was 30seconds which confirmed the rapidity of the proposed assay. The practicality of the proposed CL system was evaluated by determining meropenem in spiked environmental water samples and human serum. A discussion on the possible CL reaction mechanism was also presented.


Is There Such a Thing As Permanent Z Vital Male Enhancement?
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Question 142: Are Employees required to sign commitments upon their job commencement as a basis for LD action in case of their subsequent violation?
Labour laws do not force Employees to sign commitments with Employers such as maintenance of the corporate properties, failure to sexually harass in the workplace upon their job commencement. However, if Employers intend to apply disciplinary measures to Employees when they breach these commitments, such commitments and remedies as permitted by the law should be documented at least in Employers' ILRs. In principle, Employers can only discipline Employees if they have committed a violation specified in the ILRs (that have been registered)[1]. Accordingly, when new Employees are engaged in any job, the essential thing is that Employers just requires them to sign after having read and understood the ILRs and then comply with them. Note that these commitments must be consistent with the current labour laws. This alternative is feasible if the number of Employees is small and a human resources department may appoint a person to have these commitments signed and keep them for use when necessary.
For job positions where Employees are at a high risk of violation or for the management level, depending on the specific nature of each job, Employees will be required to sign additional commitments with more detailed content and under higher levels of sanction than other regular Employees due to their specific job positions.
In addition, the said commitments may be included in LCs. However, due to any too long commitment and/or security of the commitment information, the parties cannot record such commitment and confidential information in LC because this will change the LC format. Instead, an appendix to LC will be made and signed at the same time with the LC.
[1]Article 128.3 Labor Code


If automatic IP address allocation is enabled in Weave Net (by default IPAM is enabled), then containers started via the proxy are automatically assigned an IP address, without having to specify any special environment variables or any other options.
host1$ docker run -ti weaveworks/ubuntu
To use a specific subnet, you can pass a WEAVE_CIDR to the container, for example:
host1$ docker run -ti -e WEAVE_CIDR=net: weaveworks/ubuntu
To start a container without connecting it to the Weave network, pass WEAVE_CIDR=none, for example:
host1$ docker run -ti -e WEAVE_CIDR=none weaveworks/ubuntu
Disabling Automatic IP Address Allocation
If you do not want an IP to be assigned by default, the proxy needs to be passed the --no-default-ipalloc flag, for example:
host1$ weave launch --no-default-ipalloc
In this configuration, containers using no WEAVE_CIDR environment variable are not connected to the Weave network.
Containers started with a WEAVE_CIDR environment variable are handled as before. To automatically assign an address in this mode, start the container with a blank WEAVE_CIDR, for example:
host1$ docker run -ti -e WEAVE_CIDR="" weaveworks/ubuntu
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What are drawings in accounting?
A drawing account is not actually a bank account in itself. The meaning of drawing in accounts is the record kept by a business owner or accountant that shows how much money has been withdrawn by business owners. These are withdrawals made for personal use rather than company use – although they're treated slightly differently to employee wages.
It's essential to keep accurate records of these withdrawals because they need to be offset against the owner's equity. Having a separate drawing account makes it easier to keep track of these transactions and to balance the books at the end of each financial year, when you need to know how to close your drawings account.
How do drawings affect your financial statements?
Drawings in accounting terms represent withdrawals taken by the owner. As such, it will impact the company's financial statement by showing a decrease in the assets equivalent to the amount that is withdrawn. It will also represent a decrease in the owner's equity as the owner is, essentially, cashing in on a small piece of their entitlement to the company.
Drawings will also show up on a statement of cash flows as they represent a type of financial activity and so need to be accurately recorded by the company's account departments.
How do you record drawings in accounting?
On your balance sheet, you would typically record an owner withdrawal as a debit. If the withdrawal is made in cash, this can easily be quantified at the exact amount withdrawn. If the withdrawal is of goods or similar, the amount recorded would typically be a cost value.
Drawings accounts are temporary documents and these need to be balanced at the end of a financial year or period. This can be cleared in several different ways, including through repayment by the owner or a reduction in the owner's salary to compensate for the amount withdrawn.
Where do drawings go on a balance sheet?
The balance sheet is also known as a statement of financial position, and it is an essential document for assessing and demonstrating your business's economic position. A typical balance sheet records your business's assets and liabilities as well as shareholder equities. As a result, the placement of drawings within the balance sheet depends on how it is categorised.
Are drawings assets or expenses?
Drawings from business accounts may involve the owner taking cash or goods out of the business – but it is not categorised as an ordinary business expense. It is also not treated as a liability, despite involving a withdrawal from the company account, because this is offset against the owner's liability. This is why it's so important to keep a drawings account, which needs to be closed at the end of the financial year, ensuring that your books aren't disrupted by this financial transition while also maintaining a clear record of all the moving parts of your business.
What counts as a drawing?
A drawing acts similarly to a wage but is applied to sole traders or partners. A drawing in accounting terms includes any money that is taken from the business account for personal use. This can be the equivalent of a salary, or it can be as simple as lunch paid for with your company credit card.
However, drawings don't only cover cash withdrawals. It can also include goods and services withdrawn from the company by the owner for personal use. This could, for example, mean acquiring company property, or it could be the use of worksite materials.
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text:
Definition of Mite
Mite: A tiny eight-legged creature belonging to the Order Acarina related to spiders and ticks. Some mites live freely and others as parasites. Mites can attack plants and animals, carry disease, and cause allergies. acaricide.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Allergies & Asthma
Improve treatments & prevent attacks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
ELABORATELY TRANSFORMED MANUFACTURES
This article presents statistics for manufactured goods classified by degree of transformation. The basic premise of this classification is that each manufactured product reaching the point of sale will have been subjected to one or more processes beginning at a raw material state and passing through a range of manufacturing processes and intermediate products to become a final end use product. The number and complexity of such processes determine the category for degree of transformation to which that product is classified. Readers should note that the statistics presented are still experimental as the classification used to categorise goods by degree of transformation is still under development by the ABS. Statistics in graph 19.8 and table 19.9 are indicative rather than precisely classified estimates.
The concept of degree of transformation is also related to the concept of value adding. The amount and complexity of transformation strongly influence the amount of value added by manufacturing processes. However, in making the connection between degree of transformation and value adding, it should be noted that other factors also influence the amount of value added by manufacturing activity. Furthermore, for a given Australian produced final product, not every transformation required to produce the product has necessarily been carried out in Australia.
The classification has five broad categories. However, the first three of these have been combined together in the graph and table below because the boundaries between the categories have not been finally established. The categories are:
- Primary products (such as butter, pasteurised milk, red meat, hides and skins)
- Primary product manufactures (such as beer, flour, refined sugar, wood pulp)
- Simply transformed manufactures (such as clay bricks, paper, pig iron, plaster)
- Moderately transformed manufactures (such as broadwoven fabrics, soaps and detergents, steel wire)
There are slight differences between the classification used for production statistics and the classification used for export statistics. However, both classifications describe elaborately transformed manufactures in a virtually identical manner.
Graph 19.8 shows that the proportions of Australian produced goods classified as simply modified, moderately modified or elaborately modified have remained virtually unchanged over the three years to 1998–99.
Table 19.9 shows that Machinery and equipment manufacturing is the industry subdivision with the greatest proportion of elaborately transformed manufactures among its products, while Metal product manufacturing and Wood and paper product manufacturing have the most even spread of values across the various degrees of transformation categories.
- Elaborately transformed manufactures (such as clothing, motor vehicles, machinery, paint)
Table 19.10 shows that elaborately transformed manufactures now exceed 20% of goods exported, and remain the fastest growing category of exports.
19.9 DEGREE OF TRANSFORMATION OF MANUFACTURED GOODS(a)
|Industry subdivision |
|Food, beverage and tobacco manufacturing |
|Textile, clothing, footwear and leather manufacturing |
|Wood and paper product manufacturing |
|Printing, publishing and recorded media |
|Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated product manufacturing |
|Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing |
|Metal product manufacturing |
|Machinery and equipment manufacturing |
|Other manufacturing |
|Total manufacturing |
|(a) Excludes approximately $600m of goods which have not yet been classified to any degree of transformation category.|
(b) Also includes products classified to the 'Primary products' and 'Primary product manufactures' categories.
Source: Manufacturing Australia (8225.0).
19.10 DEGREE OF TRANSFORMATION OF EXPORTED GOODS(a)
|Category of goods|
1988-89 to 1998-99
|Unprocessed primary products and minerals |
|Processed primary products and minerals|
|Simply transformed manufactures|
|Elaborately transformed manufactures|
|Other (mainly non-monetary gold)|
|(a) As classified by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT).|
Source: Exports of primary and manufactured products, Australia, 1999 (DFAT).
This page last updated 25 May 2009


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Prefer Using Active Objects Instead of Naked Threads
An Active Helper
The first thing we want to do is to automate the common parts and write them in one reusable place, so that we don't have to write them by hand every time for each new active class. To do that, let's introduce a helper class Active that encapsulates a thread behind a messaging interface and provides the basic message-sending and automatic pumping facilities. This section shows a straightforward object-oriented implementation that can be implemented as shown in any of our major languages (even in C, where the class would be written as a struct and the object's methods would be written as plain functions with an explicit opaque "this" pointer). After that, we'll narrow our focus to C++ specifically and look at another version we can write and use even more simply in that language.
The Active helper below provides the private thread and a message queue, as well as a sentinel done message that it will use to signal the private thread to finish. It also defines a nested Message class that will serve as the base of all messages that can be enqueued:
// Example 1: Active helper, the general OO way
class Active {
 class Message { // base of all message types
 virtual ~Message() { }
 virtual void Execute() { }
 // (suppress copying if in C++)
 // private data
 unique_ptr done; // le sentinel
 message_queue< unique_ptr > mq; // le queue
 unique_ptr thd; // le thread
Note that I'll assume message_queue is a thread-safe internally synchronized message queue that doesn't need external synchronization by its caller. If you don't have such a queue type handy, you can use an ordinary queue type and protect it with a mutex.
With that much in place, Active can go on to provide the common machinery, starting with the message pump itself:
 // The dispatch loop: pump messages until done
 void Run() {
 unique_ptr msg;
 while( (msg = mq.receive())!= done ) {
 // Start everything up, using Run as the thread mainline
 Active() : done( new Message ) {
 thd = unique_ptr(
 new thread( bind(&Active::Run, this) ) );
 // Shut down: send sentinel and wait for queue to drain
 ~Active() {
 Send( done );
 // Enqueue a message
 void Send( unique_ptr m ) {
 mq.send( m );
The Active Cookbook: A Background Worker
Now let's use the helper and actually write an active class. To write a class with objects that are active, we must add an Active helper and then for each public method:
 - Have the public method capture its parameters as a message and call Send to send the call for later execution on the private thread. Note that these functions should not touch any member variables. They should use and store their parameters and locals only.
 - Provide a corresponding nonpublic class derived from Message with constructor and data members that will capture the parameters and this pointer, and with an Execute method that will perform the actual work (and can manipulate member variables; these Execute methods should be the only code in the class that does so).
For example, say we want to have an agent that does background work that we want to get off a responsive thread, including the performance of background save and print functions. Here's how we can write it as an active object that can be launched from the responsive thread using asynchronous method calls like b.Save("filename.txt") and b.Print(myData):
class Backgrounder {
 void Save( string filename ) {
 a.Send( new MSave( this, filename ) );
 void Print( Data& data ) {
 a.Send( new MPrint( this, data ) );
 class MSave : public Active::Message {
 Backgrounder* this_; string filename;
 MSave( Backgrounder* b, string f ) : this_(b), filename(f) { }
 void Execute() { … } // do the actual work
 class MPrint : public Active::Message {
 Backgrounder* this_; Data& data;
 MPrint( Backgrounder* b, Data& d ) : this_(b), data(d) { }
 // Private state if desired
 PrivateData somePrivateStateAcrossCalls;
 // Helper goes last, for ordered destruction
 Active a;
Now we can simply enqueue work for the background thread as messages. If the worker's private thread is idle, it can wake up and start processing the message right away. If the worker is already busy, the message waits behind any other waiting messages and all get processed one after the other in FIFO order on the private thread. (Teaser: What if the background thread wants to report progress or output to the caller, or a side effect such as reporting that a Print message is done using the shared data? We'll consider that next month.)
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text:
While developing a WordPress Plugin, the following rules should be followed step by step:
1. Create a unique name.
2. Create the folder of Plugin.
3. Create a sub-folder for PHP files, translations, and assets.
4. Create the main plug-in file and fill up the header information.
5. Create activation and de-activation functions.
6. Create an uninstall script.
7. Create a readme.txt file.
8. In case of detecting the paths to plug-in file, use proper functions and constants.
Mention the rules to be followed while developing the WordPress Plugin?


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Skill concentration.png Concentration (Constitution)
Allows you a chance to continue casting a spell after being damaged or otherwise interrupted. When you take damage you roll a D20 + your Concentration score against a difficulty class of 10 + one tenth of the damage received + the level of the spell you are trying to cast. This check occurs when either casting from spellpoints or using a scroll.
The Quicken metamagic eliminates the check when casting a spell from spellpoints while it is active, however, as scrolls cannot be quickened and Quicken costs spellpoints, the skill is still useful even with the Quicken metamagic.
Even if you succeed on the Concentration check, your spell can still be interrupted, for example if you are tripped or held.
This skill is also important for monks as their ability to retain Ki is tied to Concentration.


Is Red Bull Vegan or Vegetarian?
Red Bull is a famous energy drink marketed in a big slim blue-silver can. It's an excellent option for people who want a solution for caffeine but don't want coffee or tea. It provides convenience also. It's being sold since the 1980's such a number of vegans and vegetarians grew up enjoying the product and wanted to find out if they can continue to do so after changing over to a plant-based diet.
Is it vegan or vegetarian? Yes, Red Bull is both vegan and vegetarian.
It's a mix of carbonated water, simple sugars, salts like sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium pantothenate, vitamins, colours, flavours, and energy-providing elements like taurine and caffeine. None of these originates from animals.
We will check why each of the ingredients mentioned above is vegan. If a product is apt for vegans, it's by default suitable for vegetarians also but not the other way around. So, we'll be making use of the term vegan for the balance part of our article.
Why Red Bull Is Generally Considered Vegan
Taurine In Processed Foods Is Vegan
This was not always been the same. Like with necessary micronutrients, it used to be obtained from the things available in nature including animal tissue, but it's financially not feasible to get the ingredient this way when there are other methods to create the compound synthetically.
Elements like caffeine and taurine are added in these smart beverages which are sold as a solution to improve alertness and concentration.
Some ingredients are claimed to increase brain power are usually added to drinks that are marketed in the name of smart beverages despite the fact that there is hardly any research available to support such claims.
There may be some research available to back some particular ingredients like caffeine, but too little research has been done on smart drinks that claim to have a beneficial mixture of the right ingredients.
Ingredients mostly added to smart drinks that are believed to excite brain activities include amino acids like taurine, phenylalanine, choline, and L-cysteine.
However, taurine isn't strictly an amino acid; It's an amino sulfonic acid.
We are not telling that all taurine is vegan, but the type of taurine added in energy drinks and supplements is commonly prepared with chemical synthesis without getting it derived from animals and hence appropriate for vegans and vegetarians.
The Presence of Sugar Does Not Render a Food Non-Vegan
That's true by almost all standards. Some extra vigilant vegans want to stop using any processed food products prepared with non-organic sugar as organic sugar is never manufactured using bone char.
Even PETA mentions that not taking foods containing processed sugar is not being vegan. In Peta's article, 'Is Sugar Vegan?', they ask you not to overthink how sugar in any food product is manufactured.
They are trying to say that by stressing too hard about vague ingredients, we send wrong signals to potential vegans. i.e. It is pointless to think elements as vegan if produced in x way, but are non-vegan if made in y way.
That's our summary of what they are saying. We may not be agreeing with that. If you have convictions about having non-organic sugar because of some use of bone char in its manufacturing and want to stop using it, we think that's great.
But, it's not expected from you as a vegan that you must avoid all the foods with sugar. We don't purchase non-organic sugar in bulk for cooking or home use, but we also don't go out of the way to avoid all processed foods with sugar.
The B Vitamins in Red Bull Are Vegan
Until a few decades ago, almost all the vitamins used in fortified foods and supplements were made from matter that contained the nutrients naturally. Factories used to extract concentrates or extracts from vitamin-rich food sources in a natural way.
At times they were from vegan sources, and at other times not so much. This still happens today with vitamins A and D often being derived from cod liver oil.
Nowadays, the latest technologies have allowed food and supplement producers to synthesize vitamins, which is cheaper than deriving the nutrients naturally.
Reasons for opting for synthetic vitamins include:
· The synthetic type is much cheaper
· The shortage of vitamins in natural sources, as compared to the artificial way
· Better taste and smell from synthetic vitamins
· Better shelf-life
· Lesser loss of nutrients during extraction
· Less damage to the molecules
Some vitamins like vitamin D are still extracted from lanolin found quickly in sheep oil. Red Bull uses B vitamins like Vitamin B3 or niacin, vitamin B6 or pyridoxine, and vitamin B12 or cobalamin, which are mostly synthetic.
Niacin can be manufactured by a mix of microbial and chemical processes.
Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine is prepared microbially or chemically from non-animal sources.
Vitamin B12 is exclusively made with microbial fermentation, so synthetic B12 in fortified foods and beverages is always vegan.
That was the fact file for the vegan status of Red Bull.
Thanks for reading.
You may also want to check out the following related articles:
 1. Giving Wings to People and Ideas.
 2. (12 Cans) Red Bull Energy Drink, 8.4 Fl Oz.
 3. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation (Page 554). Amy Brown – Wadsworth Cengage Learning – 2011. ISBN-10: 0-538-73498-1
 4. Hollingsworth P. Redefining New Age. Food Technology 51(8):44–51, 1997.
 5. Taurine, Compound Summary. Pubchem. US National Library of Medicine.
 6. What Is Taurine? Benefits, Side Effects and More Rudy Mawer –
 7. Kosswig, K. (2000). "Sulfonic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
 8. Is Sugar Vegan?
 9. Jose L. Revuelta, Ruben M. Buey, Rodrigo Ledesma‐Amaro, and Erick J. Microbial biotechnology for the synthesis of (pro)vitamins, bio pigments and antioxidants: challenges and opportunities. MicrobBiotechnol. 2016 Sep; 9(5): 564–567.
 10. Y. Tani. Microbial Production of Vitamin B6 and Derivatives. Biotechnology of Vitamins, Pigments and Growth Factors pp 221-230.
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text: With the phase out of conventional CFC and HCFC refrigerants, air conditioning and heat pump systems will have to be redesigned to accommodate new replacement refrigerants. An important component in these systems is the expansion device. Short tube orifices are a common expansion device used on residential sized air conditioners and heat pumps in the United States. The design for optimum performance of these systems requires predicting correct flow characteristics through short tube orifices for a given set of operating conditions. Very little data are available on how these new replacement refrigerants will perform in short tube orifices relative to conventional refrigerants. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to evaluate the flow characteristics of HFC-134a flowing through short tube orifices in heat pump systems. Three types of measurements were made during this study: mass flow tests, pressure distribution inside the orifice, and flow visualization. Measured data were analyzed and discussed as a function of operating variables and short tube geometry. In general, the variables (upstream pressure, subcooling, and quality, and orifice diameter and length) affecting two-phase flow through orifices with HFC-134a were the same as those found with HCFC- 22. For operating saturation temperatures upstream of the orifices of 45.4°C, the mass flow produced with HFC-134a varied from 16 to 23 percent less than that for HCFC-22 under choked flow conditions. Choked flow conditions for HFC-134a were typically established when downstream pressures were reduced below the saturation pressure corresponding to the inlet temperature. The flow rate was strongly dependent on the upstream pressure and upstream subcooling/quality, but it was insensitive to downstream flow conditions. As the inlet quality increased from 0 percent to 5 percent, a sharp drop in flow was measured due to a large increase in void fraction at the entrance of the short tube. Pressure distribution data indicated the presence of a vena contracta and metastable flow near the orifice entrance.


You want to change the default paper size of your Cameyo Virtual Printer from LETTER to A4 (or vice versa)
The only known possibility is to change the region settings of your Windows server running Cameyo.
 1. Open your Windows Settings
 2. Goto Region
 3. Click Additional date, time, & regional settings
 4. Click Change date, time, or number formats
 5. Change tab to Administrative tab
 6. In Language for non-Unicode programs click Change system locale
 7. Change it to a region with the according paper format
 Most European countries = A4
 English (United States) = LETTER
Alternatively (to #1-4) you can open the regional settings running the following command (and continue with #5):
 control intl.cpl


text:
But ol' man river,
He jes' keeps rollin' along!
Is water male or female – and does it really matter? Unlike languages such as French, Spanish and German, English does not allocate gender to words. Although some things, ships and countries for example, often have feminine associations, there are no grammatical rules to make something either male or female.
Cognitive research has suggested that language and the way people use it has a profound influence on how we see the world. Water, for example, is often more associated with concepts of femininity – the river Ganges (Ganga) is well-known as a feminine sacred symbol of Indian culture in addition to being a central source of survival – but in the famed Hammerstein and Kern song, Ol' Man River, the river Mississippi is portrayed as a man.
The feminine Ganges symbolises faith, hope, culture and sanity – and, since the beginning of time, "she" has been as a source of livelihood for millions of people. By contrast, the endless, uncaring flow of the "old man" Mississippi is seen as a metaphor for the struggles and hardships of the men forced to work on it.
The allocation of a specific gender to an object or feature of our landscape might not be a result of conceptual categorisation and this is supported by an examination of noun classes and "gender shifts" across different grammatical systems. Is a French car (female) different in any way to a Spanish (male) car or is it just a question of grammar without connotation or semantics?
Read more: The Conversation


text:
National Register of Historic Places
The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for the stewardship of more than 470 historic properties. These properties represent the work of prominent architects and are valued for their significance in American history, architecture, art, archeology, engineering and culture. GSA takes great pride in its inventory and strives to preserve, protect, and utilize historic properties as established in Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Currently, more than 300 GSA properties are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, GSA is actively working to nominate approximately 140 eligible properties.
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Question: What Is A Female Polish Name?
What's your name in Polish?
'Jak masz na imię.
' (yak-mash-na-im-yea) Meaning: What's your name?.
What do Polish people look like?
General Attributes Of The Polish People Most Polish people have the general Slavic look. This look has features like lighter hair, paleness of the face, blue eyes, and high cheekbone and sharp noses. Among the Slavs, the people of Poland have the lowest pigmentation. … The people of Poland are very conservative.
Most Popular Russian Baby NamesSofia. Sofia is a name that enjoys popularity across the world, and is a firm favourite in Russia. … Anastasia. Anastasia is one of the prettiest Russian girl names and means 'resurrection. … Maria. … Anya. … Alina. … Ekaterina. … Alyona. … Inessa.More items…
Is Mila a Polish name?
Milla (Cyrillic: Мила, Polish: Miła), is a female Slavic name originating from Central or Eastern Europe. It is a diminutive of Slavic names beginning or ending with Milla which derived from the element Mil (Мил) meaning "gracious" or "dear".
Is Mia a Polish name?
Mia Origin and Meaning The name Mia is a girl's name of Italian, Scandinavian origin meaning "mine or bitter". Mia originated as a short form of Maria, which ultimately derived from the Hebrew name Miryam. … Mia is also an Italian and Spanish word meaning 'mine.
Is Sophie a Polish name?
The name Zosia is primarily a female name of Polish origin that means Wisdom. Form of Zofia (Sophia).
What are Poland female names?
Anna was the most popular female first name in Poland as of January 2021….Most common registered first names for females in Poland as of January 2021 (in 1,000s)CharacteristicNumber of registered names in thousandsKrystyna435.59Magdalena434.45Elżbieta430.9Joanna406.849 more rows•Feb 18, 2021
Top baby names in Poland 2017Boy names in PolandGirl names in Poland1. ANTONI (Anthony)1. JULIA2. JAKUB (Jacob)2. ZUZANNA (Susan)3. JAN (John)3. ZOFIA (Sophie)4. SZYMON (Simon)4. LENA6 more rows•Feb 2, 2018
What is a common Polish first name?
Antoni was the most common male first name given to children in Poland in the first half of 2020, with 4,037 registrations. Jan and Jakub were next, with 3,823 and 3,614 registrations, respectively.
150 Italian Girl NamesIsabella.Luna.Aria.Mia.Bella.Emilia.Gabriella.Giana.More items…•Jan 10, 2021
Is Xavier a Polish name?
Meaning & History Polish form of Xavier.
What does Kowalski mean in Polish?
Kowalski (Polish pronunciation: [kɔˈvalskʲi]; feminine: Kowalska, plural: Kowalscy) is the second most common surname in Poland (140,471 people in 2009). Kowalski surname is derived from the word Kowal, meaning "[black]smith".
What is female name in USA?
1000 Most Common Female Names in the U.S.Name% FrequencyRankMARY2.6291PATRICIA1.0732LINDA1.0353BARBARA0.984117 more rows
Polish Girls Names: Most Popular Names for Girls in PolandZuzanna.Lena.Maja.Zofia.Hanna.Amelia.Aleksandra.Alicja.More items…
What does Stas mean in Polish?
Meaning. stani ("to become") + slava ("glory, fame")
Why do Polish female names end in A?
The law requires a given name (imię) to indicate the person's gender. Almost all Polish female names end in a vowel -a, and most male names end in a consonant or a vowel other than a. … Maria is a female name that can be used also as a middle (second) name for males.
What are common Polish names?
Most Common Polish NamesJulia.Aleksandra.Maja.Zuzanna.Lena.Wiktoria.Amelia.Oliwia.More items…•Aug 11, 2011
Why are Polish names so weird?
They are difficult to pronounce because of two reasons: Polish uses the Latin alphabet but has its own spelling/pronunciation rules. Polish uses sounds that don't exist in English or Romance languages (but are there in Indic and most other Slavic languages)
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Accepted Papers:
Non-State policing; does it warrant support or closure?
Bruce Baker (Coventry University)
Paper Short Abstract:
Paper long abstract:
Nonstate agencies are the primary providers of protection; deterrence; investigation; resolution; and punishment for most Africans in most circumstances. For this reason alone, states should be evaluating what if anything should be the contribution of the nonstate sector in the future and how it might fit into any national security policy. The paper begins by considering some of the definitional problems with the term 'nonstate' policing and suggests, despite the diversity, certain commonalties. It then proceeds to examine the arguments for and against the state supporting its activities. Though, in conclusion, it argues the case for the construction of new alliances and the strengthening of existing ones between nonstate and state policing, it doubts whether there is yet the political will to formally abandon the claim to be the sole provider of policing. Ultimately the question of who delivers justice and security services is a political and normative one.
panel H1
The State


text:
Deposits in Martian Trough Point to Complex Hydrological Past
This false-color image shows dozens of beds within a light-toned deposit located within a trough in the Noctis Labyrinthus region of Mars. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
› Full image and caption
December 15, 2009
Variations in composition of light-toned deposits in troughs on Mars suggest a diversity of water-related processes, based on analysis of observations by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
› Read the Planetary Science Institute release


text:
Closes an open object handle.
- hObject [in]
A valid handle to an open object.
If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
If the application is running under a debugger, the function will throw an exception if it receives either a handle value that is not valid or a pseudo-handle value. This can happen if you close a handle twice, or if you call CloseHandle on a handle returned by the FindFirstFile function instead of calling the FindClose function.
The CloseHandle function closes handles to the following objects:
- Access token
- Communications device
- Console input
- Console screen buffer
- File mapping
- I/O completion port
- Memory resource notification
- Named pipe
- Waitable timer
The documentation for the functions that create these objects indicates that CloseHandle should be used when you are finished with the object, and what happens to pending operations on the object after the handle is closed. In general, CloseHandle invalidates the specified object handle, decrements the object's handle count, and performs object retention checks. After the last handle to an object is closed, the object is removed from the system. For a summary of the creator functions for these objects, see Kernel Objects.
Generally, an application should call CloseHandle once for each handle it opens. It is usually not necessary to call CloseHandle if a function that uses a handle fails with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE, because this error usually indicates that the handle is already invalidated. However, some functions use ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE to indicate that the object itself is no longer valid. For example, a function that attempts to use a handle to a file on a network might fail with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE if the network connection is severed, because the file object is no longer available. In this case, the application should close the handle.
If a handle is transacted, all handles bound to a transaction should be closed before the transaction is committed. If a transacted handle was opened by calling CreateFileTransacted with the FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE flag, the file is not deleted until the application closes the handle and calls CommitTransaction. For more information about transacted objects, see Working With Transactions.
Closing a thread handle does not terminate the associated thread or remove the thread object. Closing a process handle does not terminate the associated process or remove the process object. To remove a thread object, you must terminate the thread, then close all handles to the thread. For more information, see Terminating a Thread. To remove a process object, you must terminate the process, then close all handles to the process. For more information, see Terminating a Process.
Closing a handle to a file mapping can succeed even when there are file views that are still open. For more information, see Closing a File Mapping Object.
Do not use the CloseHandle function to close a socket. Instead, use the closesocket function, which releases all resources associated with the socket including the handle to the socket object. For more information, see Socket Closure.
Windows Phone 8: This API is supported.
For an example, see Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes.
Minimum supported client
|Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
Minimum supported server
|Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
- Handle and Object Functions
- Kernel Objects
- Object Interface
Build date: 10/26/2012


text:
What you need to know
- Whether you use a feature phone, smartphone, or a mobile Internet key, TELUS will notify you when you're close to using all of the data included in your monthly rate plan or Data Add-on. See below for additional details.
- Data notifications help track your use so you can adjust your data package or usage if necessary.
- If you have a data package, we'll let you know when you've used 75% and 95% of the data included in your package.
- Data package notifications are enabled by default unless you have a Cost Assure, Flex Data, Data Pooling or Data Sharing plan.
- If you're using pay-per-use data, we'll notify you once you've used $10, $50 and $200.
- If you're using a feature phone or smartphone, you'll receive free TELUS text messages to notify you about your data usage.
- If you're using a mobile Internet key, you receive data notifications in your connection manager.
- The amount of data sent or received by a device is measured in kilobytes (KB) and is presented on your monthly invoice in megabytes (MB). 1024 KB = 1 MB. 1024 MB = 1 gigabyte (GB).
Stop data notifications
Data notifications are free and you will receive them automatically. If you don't want to be notified about your data usage, you can opt out of receiving data notifications.
2. In the data usage section, remove the service:
- In the Plans & Services section, select View Your Data Usage.
- Under Data usage notifications, select No.
- Click Submit.
You can use the same procedure and select Yes to start the service again.


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What is the suffix ending on the words for iniquities and diseases? (the Kauf,chirriq,yod ending) I see it is interpreted as 'thy' but this is not the usual possessive ending for 'your'. (I am a student with only 1 year study, thank you for your help)
הַסֹּלֵחַ לְכָל־עֲוֹנֵכִי הָרֹפֵא לְכָל־תַּחֲלֻאָֽיְכִי׃
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There is now an exact duplicate of this question. – Davïd Mar 24 at 20:03
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
It is indeed an unusual form of the 2nd person feminine singular suffix. Rest assured it is an exception, but carries no special meaning. It does however appear elsewhere in scripture, for example Psalms 116:7 and weakly in Kings II 4:3,7. Gesenius 91l considers most similar unusual suffixes of this nature probably scribal error. Although this particular form he notes is similar to the Syriac. It seems possible that it isn't a mistake, but generous poetic licence.
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The links above are for a kick-off letter and getting started guide designed to be used to welcome your parents and students to PlanetHS and give them an overview for creating accounts. The letter is in Microsoft Word format and allows you to customize it with the school's name. You can also add the Quick Account information by logging into _URL_ and clicking the Quick Accounts button and copying your school's unique text code into the document as well.


Production Lighting: How To Do Low Key Lighting
Low key lighting is a style of lighting that is commonly used by photographers and filmographers. Generally speaking, most people set up low key lighting so that they can achieve the chiaroscuro effect. With the chiaroscuro effect, you are looking for bold differences between light and dark colors. Low key lighting has a lighting ratio of approximately 8 to 1. As the lighting ratio increases, so does the contrast of the image. In comparison, high key lighting can have a lighting ratio that is as low as 1 to 1.
The standard method of lighting that most photographers use is three point lighting. With three point lighting, you are using a key light, a back light and a fill light. The goal of three point lighting is to achieve even illumination. Low key lighting is the exact opposite of three point lighting. Low key lighting only requires the use of a single key light. You are not looking for even illumination with low key lighting. Instead, you want a lightly colored subject to stand out in front of a dark background.
Step 1: Setting Up the Background
You cannot use a light background for low key lighting. When it comes to low key lighting, the darker the background is, the better. It is not a must that you use a black background, but it is highly recommended. If you cannot use a black background, a very dark blue one will work.
Step 2: Staging the Subject
The subject of your photograph should be wearing dark clothing. If possible, it is best if the clothing that the subject is wearing is the same color as the background. The goal of low key lighting is not to place an emphasis on the attire of your subject. Instead, you want to place an emphasis on the face or body part of your subject.
Step 3: Setting up the Key Light
In order to ensure maximal results when setting up low key lighting, you should place your key light to either side of the subject you are photographing. You should begin by setting up your key light in a 45 degree setup. A 45 degree setup requires the key light to be placed 45 degrees to the face of your subject. The key light should be placed slightly above the head of your subject. By placing the key light to the side of your subject, you will be preventing the background from lightening up.
Once you set your key light up, take a look to see if any adjustments need to be made. If you need the background to appear darker in your images, you can move the key light further away from your subject. You just need to make sure that the light remains on the edge of your subject. Once you have the key light configured correctly, you are ready to begin taking shots with low key lighting.
Popular Cameras for High Quality Photos:


How to score 1729 in the IA Tripos
Part IA of the Mathematical Tripos is marked in a rather interesting way. A naïve computation of the maximum score is 1120, although it is (in principle) possible to achieve absolutely any score (it need not even be a real number!). Firstly, let's have a look at the scoring system:
 - A long question carries 20 raw marks. A score of 15 or more results in an alpha being awarded; a score of between 10 and 14 results in a beta being awarded. A candidate can be scored on a maximum of twenty long questions.
 - A short question carries 10 raw marks. A score of 8 or more results in a beta being awarded.
The alphas and betas are subsequently converted into marks according to the following scheme (quoted from the schedules of the Mathematical Tripos):
The −120 is generally referred to as an alpha tax, and cannot hurt you if you score eight or more alphas. However, if you score seven or fewer alphas and still get a first, you are actually penalised by the alpha tax. Suppose Miranda scored the following marks in 2012 (when the threshold for a first was 670):
 - 10/10 on all sixteen short questions;
 - 20/20 on five long questions;
 - 14/20 on fifteen long questions.
Then, she would have a raw mark m = 470, together with 5 alphas and 31 betas. Now, each of the following two implications are perfectly valid:
 1. If Miranda achieves a 2.1 (any lower grade is impossible), then her total merit mark would be M = 470 + 15 × 5 + 5 × 31 = 700, which is sufficient for a first. Hence, Miranda achieves a first class degree.
 2. If Miranda achieves a first class degree, then the alpha tax would apply, and her total merit mark would be M = 470 + 30 × 5 + 5 × 31 – 120 = 655, which is insufficient for a first. Hence, Miranda achieves a 2.1.
In other words, we have a paradoxical inconsistency! Consequently, Miranda could then apply something called the Principle of Explosion, exploiting the fact that any valid proof is taken to be perfectly correct in the Tripos. Specifically, she makes the following sequence of deductions:
 - By the Law of Excluded Middle, either the alpha tax applies or it does not. Let α be the proposition that the alpha tax applies. We have already established the implications that α ⇒ ¬α, and ¬α ⇒ α. Hence, both ¬α and α are true statements. Let φ be the proposition that Miranda scores 1729 on the IA Tripos. Since the logical disjunction of a true statement and an arbitrary statement is true, we have φ ∨ α. However, since ¬α is true, α is false and therefore φ must be true. Consequently, Miranda scores 1729 on Part IA of the Mathematical Tripos, thereby beating anyone who scored full marks on all questions.
Essentially, the Principle of Explosion states that if a proposition and its negation are both true, then all propositions are true. This is why it is important that axioms of set theory are consistent, as a single inconsistency would destroy mathematics.
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5 Responses to How to score 1729 in the IA Tripos
 1. wojowu says:
 I always used another proof for Principle of Explosion: suppose p and ¬p are both true. From latter one p is false, so p is both true and false. Take any statement q and look at p⇒q. Since p is false, this implication is trivially true. But since p is true, this implication is true iff q is true. Because we know implication is true, q also is true, Q.E.D.
 Also, what would you do if ZFC turned out to be inconsistent? First thing that came to my mind is proving Riemann hypothesis, as it is definable in set theory (is it?)
 2. Andrew Carlotti says:
 I think this case is handled by the statement "The sufficient statement for each class is not prescriptive". Your second implication is thus not valid.
Leave a Reply


Water Tank Mixing Systems
water tank mixing
The Pulsair's water tank mixing systems are the best solution for drinking water storage tanks actively mixed to avoid thermal stratification, reduce the formation of nitrates and lower disinfection by-products (DBP). Pulsair Systems offers the fastest, most effective low energy cost solution for actively mixing large potable water storage tanks. Our proven sanitary mixing process is up to 80-90% more energy efficient than traditional mixing methods and addresses all the major challenges of potable water storage tank mixing.Our water tank mixing equipment can be fitted into any underground or above ground water storage tank including standpipe water towers, ground storage tanks and elevated storage tanks. Pulsair mixing systems are NSF/ANSI 61 certified.
How the water tank mixing process works:
The Pulsair mixing process works by producing sequentially timed pulses of compressed air to generate large bubbles at the tank bottom. The rising bubbles create an immediate vertical circulation pattern in the tank that stirs and blends 100% of the water in the tank. The Pulsair tank mixing process is the fastest and most energy efficient because it uses gravity to do the work of mixing. The only energy consumed is during the process of compressing the air. Once the bubbles are released at the tank bottom, no more energy is consumed. The water in the tank continues to move long after the bubbles reach the water surface.
Eliminates thermal stratification
Pulsair systems uses a vertical active mixing process to quickly break up stagnant layers of water and reduce the formation of thermoclines and thermal stratification in potable water storage tanks. The rising bubbles create immediate vertical mixing circulation pulling colder water up into the tank to achieve uniform water temperature.
Reduces nitrification
Active mixing of potable water with the Pulsair mixing process helps to eliminate nitrification that may occur where chloramine is used to disinfect drinking water. The Pulsair mixing process quickly mixes multi-million gallon water tanks to achieve uniform water temperature reducing the occurrence of nitrification. This saves time, money and conserves water because operators no longer having take tanks off-line or deep-cycle tanks.
Protect against trihalomethanes (THM)
Potable water tank mixing with Pulsair helps protect against trihalomethanes (THMs) and helps ensure EPA Stage 2 DBP Rule compliance. Thermal stratification and thermoclines are eliminated which can elevate THM levels.
Prevent ice formation
Intermittent rising air bubbles from the Pulsair mixing process creates vertical in the tank and increased agitation at the water surface keeping the water in motion which greatly reduces the formation of ice or freezing in the tank.
Fast mixing
Potable water tank mixing should happen fast and the mixer should be responsive to unforeseen events that require immediate mixing to occur. Unlike small mechanical mixers that can take up to a week to completely mix a potable water tank or passive duckbill nozzle can only mix when the tank is being filled, the Pulsair mixing process can mix 100% of the water in a multi-million gallon tank on demand.
Custom water tan mixing systems designed for any tank size
Pulsair custom engineers each potable water tank mixing system to fit all types and capacity tanks. Whether the tank is 3,000 gallons or 3 million, elevated, ground, standpipe or an underground reservoir, the Pulsair mixing system can be custom designed to meet every need. Additionally, the Pulsair water tank mixing system can operate at any water level.
Why to choose Pulsair water tank mixing systems?
 1. The Pulsair mixing process is an 'Active' mixing process and ensures that all the water is mixed whereas 'Passive' mixers only work when the tank is being filled which can result in higher costs.
 2. Water can be 100% mixed at ANY liquid level and in any tank geometry. Other systems require their mixers taken offline when the water falls below a certain level.
 3. Uniform temperature can be achieved in a matter of minutes. Mechanical technologies can take days to completely mix a tank.
 4. No maintenance needed inside the tank after installations. Other suppliers guarantee their product for up to two-years – whereas Pulsair mixing systems have a history of over 25 years without any maintenance issues inside the tank.
 5. Efficiently mixing large multi-million gallon tanks is done easily and quickly with the Pulsair mixing process. It is the most efficient and fastest type of water tank mixing.
Benefits of the Pulsair water tank mixing systems:
 - 25-years of proven mixing technology
 - Efficiently mixes entire contents of the tank
 - No moving parts installed inside tanks
 - Promotes aggressive bottom up vertical fluid mixing
 - Installed in any size or style of tank
 - Solves temperature inversion issues
 - Improves water quality
 - Quickly mixes in any added disinfectants to achieve equal distribution
Challenges in water tank storage that the Pulsair tank mixing system solves:
 - Prevents thermocline that can lead to thermal stratification
 - Reduces accumulation of sediment buildup that can lead to microbial growth and contamination
 - Provides uniform temperature distribution and consistent water quality without any deadzones.
 - Helps reduce amount of chlorination and disinfectants needed thus reducing overall disinfection by-products (DBP) production
 - Reduces the formation of nitrates and nitrites (nitrification)
 - Prevents freezing and ice formation inside tanks that can lead to costly replacements
Types of installations:
 - Ground water tanks
 - Elevated water tanks
 - Standpipe water tanks
 - Reservoirs
Points of consideration for other water tank mixers:
 - Duck dill type eductor systems only "mix" water when tank is being filled
 - Typically cost much more to purchase and install
 - Does not provide 100% mixing of water in the tank
 - Cannot lower THMs other disinfectant byproducts
Mechanical mixers
 - Electric motors and water don't play well – the water always wins.
 - Electric motors = more maintenance. Guaranteed.
 - Installation costs should be considered in addition to the mixer itself.
 - Cost for labor and replacement of broken should be considered as well.
 - Mixes water too slowly for effective mixing to take place & cannot respond to critical events fast enough to provide uniform distribution of disinfectants
 - Mechanical mixers have been known to take over a week to mix 1 MG tanks
 - Must run 24/7
Contact Pulsair to learn more


Homepage Uzupełnienia What are the regulated professions?
What are the regulated professions?Print
Regulated professions are professions which require possession of specific professional qualifications. In other words, to work in a regulated profession one must meet the conditions set out in the legislation of a given country. In practice this means that to perform work in regulated professions one requires certificates, licenses and other certification types, without which a person cannot effectively seek employment in a specific position.
At present the number of regulated professions inPoland is large – there is 380 of them. Such professions inPoland include, among others: attorney, solicitor, architect, estate agent, tour guide, tourist guide, doctor, nurse, midwife, dentist, dental assistant, psychologist, physical therapist, paramedic, a masseur, pharmacist, librarian, employment agent (broker), crane operator, scaffolding fitter, welder, taxi driver, and many others.


Euglena animation
The euglena is unique because it is sort of like a plant and also like an animal. It is pear shaped. It has a whippy tail called a flagellum that allows it to move through the water.
The euglena is different than other protozoans because it has chlorophyll in it, the substance that plants contain to make their own food. The euglena is then able to make its own food like a plant when it is in the sunlight. When it is in darkness, however, it can get food like an animal. It takes in tiny plants and animals much like the ameba and paramecium.
The euglena has a bright red eyespot which is sensitive to light and helps the euglena find light.
The euglena reproduces by fission, splitting lengthwise in two. The flagellum goes with one part and the other part grows a new flagellum.
When it is too hot or cold for a euglena, it forms a protective casing called a cyst around its body that protects it until conditions outside the cyst become better.
Clams - Mollusks Starfish - Echinoderms Chordates Fish Amphibians
Reptiles Birds Mammals Animals Activities Animals Index


text:
ROOS is an acronym for "Rose Object Orientation for Scheme". It is a simple and small OO system that can be used for OO easy programming. Without comments, the code is only about 350 lines of scheme code and some 700 lines of C code. ROOS is remotely modelled after the Perl OO model.
Although simple, ROOS has a lot of features.
In ROOS, a class definition is actually a function definition. When called, this function returns a closure, with which it has instantiated an 'object'.
Within the bounds of a ROOS object, all functions that are local to a class can be called directly. They are within the 'class closure'.
ROOS knows private methods, public methods, private member variables and public member variables.
ROOS has limited generic function capabilities. It will not make existing scheme definitions generic (e.g. '+'). Instead, it defines a macro, that converts a generic function call on an object to the '->' representation of this call.
ROOS has three kinds of object member calling interfaces (to the same object).
A scheme variable representing an instantiated class is an object. Public methods in the class and it's supers are available to the object by calling them through a generic function or the '->' function.
The 'this' variable can be used from within a function defined in the class. When a public method is called through the 'this' variable, it is virtual, i.e. the method is called through the external object that is represented by 'this'.
The'supers' variable can be used from within a function defined in the class. It is used to call a method that is defined in the super classes of a class. This call will not be 'virtualized'.
All member variables or methods that are marked 'public', are virtual, when called via an object interface, except when called via the'supers' object interface.
All private functions are only available within the context of a class closure itself. They cannot be called through an object, this, or supers.
ROOS provides macros to support named variables processing.
ROOS has object-proxying support. It is possible with ROOS, to proxy methods of other objects through an existing object by just adding the other objects to the proxy list of the given object.
Proxy support is not the same as inheritance. It basically allows for adding a member variable of type ROOS to the external interface of the class which holds the member variable. It's implementation is currently quite static, in that object proxying doesn't allow for removing the proxied objects.
Object proxying is especially usefull in situations, that inheritance cannot be used, but it is desirable to have the proxied object's methods at the interface level of the object, which holds the proxied object.
An example is a class that derives from two classes that derive from the same base class. The public members of the base class are virtual (all public members in ROOS are virtual). If a member of the base class is called, it will be a virtual call, desending from the outside of an object to the base object. Calling this member from either base object level will result in a call to only one of the base objects members. Using proxying, this situation can be avoided.
Inline documentation. ROOS supports inline documentation. When the documentation is generated, the class hierarchy will be part of the (linked) documentation. Documentation will be written in pod. For more information see ROOS inline documentation.
An Example of a Roos class definition
>(def-class (this (a-class a b) (c 'hello)) (supers) (private (define h (* a b)) (define x 0)) (public (define (set a) (set! x (* a h))) (define (get-plus a) (+ (-> this get) a)) (define (get) x)) (constructor (display c)(newline) (set! x h))) >(def-class (this (x2 c)) (supers (a-class c c)) (private) (public (define (get) (* (-> supers get) (-> supers get)))) (constructor)) >(define obj (x2 4)) hello >(display (-> obj get)) 256 >(def-generic set) >(def-generic get) >(set obj 2) >(display (get obj)) 1024 >(class? x2) _TAG_ >(class obj) (x2 (a-class)) >(class=? obj 'b-class) _TAG_ >(class=? obj a-class) ; Note it also works without symbols _TAG_ >(object? obj) _TAG_ >(-> obj get-plus 10) 1034
Class definition parts
def-class, a class is defined.
def-class provides a strict
template to define a class, which is a followup of directives
constructor and optionally
explicit-cleanup parts. Each directive makes up for a part of the class definition.
this, the definition of the class is given.
this can be used
internally in the functions of the class to refer to its instantiated
(def-class (this (operation2 _a _b)) (supers) (private (define a _a) (define b _b)) (public (define (operation2 a b) 'nil) (define (calculate) (-> this operation2 a b))) (constructor)) (def-class (this (add a b)) (supers (operation2 a b)) (private) (public (define (operation2 a b) (+ a b))) (constructor)) > (define a (add 3 4)) > (-> a calculate) 7 >
In this example,
(-> this operation2 a b) calls the virtual function
this part can contain extra declarations, that will be part of
let* construct. Example:
>(def-class (this (x2 _a _b) (c (* _a _b)) (d _TAG_)) (supers) (private (define a _a) (define b _b)) (public (define (mutated) d) (define (x2-orig) c) (define (x2. args) (if (null? args) (* a b) (begin (set! d _TAG_) (set! a (car args)) (set! b (cadr args)) (x2))))) (constructor)) >(define a (x2 4 3)) >(-> a x2-orig) 12 >(-> mutated) _TAG_ >(-> a x2 5 6) 30 >(-> a x2) 30 >(-> a x2-orig) 12 >(-> a mutated) _TAG_ >(-> a x2 4 3) 12 >(-> a mutated) _TAG_
supers, the used super classes are instantiated. They can be called
with parameters as defined in the
this part, as can be seen from the
supers can be used to explicitly call members of
super classes from withing an object.
The definitions in the
private part can only be accessed from within
the current defined class (or closure). They are invisible to the
All definitions in the
public part can be accessed both from within
the current closure and from the outside world. Additionally, all definitions,
when called through
this are virtual, i.e., the member functions or
variables they represent will be searched starting at the outer side of
an instantiated object.
constructor part is used to initialize an instantiated object.
destructor part, as all variables are collected using
garbage collection. If explicit destruction is needed (e.g., because
a file needs to be closed), an optional
explicit-cleanup part can
roos-cleanup or -< can be used to destruct an object
explicitly. Construction is done from inside to outside, i.e., first
all supers are constructed (from left to right), then, the current
class is constructed.
explicit-cleanup part can be added to be used
as a destructor.
explicit-cleanup parts are called outside to inside,
i.e. first the current object closure is destructed, then, its supers
(from left to right).
It is possible to do virtual calls from within the inner parts of the object being cleaned. However, these calls must take into account, that object data of outher parts may already have been cleaned and invalidated.
roos-cleanup calls the
explicit-cleanup parts. It also
invalidates the given object, so that it can no longer be used.
As of version 0.30 of ROOS,
roos-cleanup has been made a member function
of a ROOS object itself. So it is possible to delete
(- this roos-cleanup)>, which will call
roos-cleanup from outside
in. The whole object structure is invalidated using this call, and from
outside in, all
explicit-cleanup parts are executed before invalidating
that specific part of the structure.
By calling the defined function in the
this part of the class definition,
an object is instantiated. Objects are instantiated in the following order:
First, all super classes are instantiated one by one in depth first order.
After instantiating the super classes, the
thisreference to the current closure is propageted down to all instantiated'super' objects, after which the constructor of the current class is called.
Note, that while instantiating a class, the
this operator in
(-> this...)
operates only from the current class on to the super classes. There are no virtual
functions at this point.
Member functions can be called using a number of different constructs:
(-> object member arg1...): This construct can be used to call a member of a