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Malawi's Green Belt Initiative aims to offer land to local and international investors, in order to increase agricultural production, productivity, incomes and food security. But it may also be facilitating 'land grabs' from smallholder farmers.
This new Policy Brief (pdf) looks at the political economy of the GBI in Malawi, and finds some important concerns about the way it is organised and its effects.
These include a lack of clarity in rules for land transfers; top-down decision making about which land to allocate; and a lack of participation, accountability, and transparency. There is even the potential that the GBI might undermine instead of enhancing food security.
The authors, Blessings Chinsinga and Michael Chasukwa, explain the concerns and suggest a list of policy considerations, including on transparency, clarity and legislation.
Photo: Sweet Potato by IFPRI-IMAGES on Flickr


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A Tingling Sensation In The Abdomen And Thighs When Exercising With Weights?
Hello, I want to ask you.rnWhy do my stomach and thighs have a tickling sensation when I do sports movements that use weights?rnrnPlease enlighten me, thanks!
Sport is one part of efforts to maintain health. Exercise using your own weight has a variety of goals ranging from maintaining fitness to increasing muscle strength.
What you are experiencing could be caused by uncomfortable clothes. Uncomfortable clothing can cause discomfort ranging from tingling to possibly painful during exercise.
In addition, because you practice using weights, it could be that an incorrect position or method can also be a trigger, causing the activities you are doing to be inappropriate with your body's physiology, causing discomfort.
Since you're using weights in your workout, make sure you warm up enough to start adding more intensity to your workout. Otherwise, your body will have difficulty keeping up with the weight and intensity of your workout, causing the discomfort you experience.
It's a good idea to learn the procedures for training with weights well before starting the exercise or learning from a trained trainer. This is useful so that your exercise is effective and reduces the risk of injury.
I hope this helps.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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GK12 is an NSF funded program that implements the knowledge of Graduate Students to enhance Public school K-12 education. Arkansas State University places 8 graduate Fellows each year in Arkansas public schools to enrich Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in the classroom. The Graduate Fellows draw upon current research experiences to develop lesson plans that meet state and national standards.
A GK12 theme of "Land Use, Land Cover, and Biodiversity in the Mississippi Embayment" was developed based on Environmental Sciences Graduate Program faculty research addressing regional biodiversity across ecosystems and organisms.
The goals of the program are:
- to improve Fellows' skills in communicating science to a broad audience while gaining a deeper understanding of their own research
- to improve or enhance teachers' knowledge and experience
- to pique students' interest in STEM and STEM careers while exposing students to an enriched STEM environment
- to strengthen partnerships between ASU and school districts
Intellectual merit and broader impacts of the proposal are:
- for fellows to maintain links with 6-8th grade classroom
- to create student curiosity about STEM and STEM careers
- teachers being better trained
- to create linkages between higher education and school districts
- to reach under-served populations


5 simple ways an ERP system improves compliance for your organization
5 simple ways an ERP system improves compliance for your organization
An ERP is one of the best ways to facilitate compliance because it increases the visibility, security, and traceability of your data. Not only will it reduce the time spent on tasks that can be automated, but it means you can rely on your data when it comes to audits and proving compliance.
We show you five simple ways that ERPs can help improve compliance by streamlining your processes as you scale and grow.
 1. You have more control over your data and can retain historicals, all within a single system. Cutting down on the opportunity for error and making your data more reliable.
 2. Centralized and easily accessible reports help streamline your end-of-period process and audits and help you get the right answers at the right time.
 3. Automating repetitive tasks not only reduces errors but frees up your team, so they have time to triple check all compliance requirements.
 4. Introduce consistency to your reports across multiple entities or companies, and facilitate your compliance with more accessible data.
 5. Built-in tools to make compliance easier for companies who have very specific requirements like those managing leases or subscription-based revenue.


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AV-550 Soil Strengthener
AV-550 Soil Strengthener is designed to permeate and stabilize various types of soil to increase the load bearing capacity of permeable soil by greatly increasing the cohesion between soil particles and by filling void areas in the soil. The uncured resin reacts when it comes in contact with water.
AV-550 is typically used with AV-551 Soil Strengthener Cat to control the cure time. When the reaction occurs, a slight expansion of the resin is noticeable and the material quickly cures to an open cell foam which is impervious to corrosive environments and microorganisms. AV-551 Soil Strengthener Cat must be agitated by shaking the can prior to adding to resin.
- Stabilizing soil under concrete slabs, roadways, and other structures


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Article ID: 294901
This article was previously published under Q294901
When you print a TEXTAREA element that is larger than a single page, Internet Explorer only prints the first page of the TEXTAREA.
To work around this problem, hide the TEXTAREA element, and copy the contents of each TEXTAREA in a newly created DIV element during the onBeforePrint event. After you print the page, remove the DIV element during the onAfterPrint event, and the TEXTAREA becomes visible again. See the "More Information" section for a code sample that demonstrates this workaround.
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a bug in the Microsoft products that are listed at the beginning of this article.
The following code illustrates how to reproduce this problem:
In the actual results, only one page appears in preview, and only one page is printed. In the expected results, several pages should appear in preview, and all of the pages should print.
WorkaroundThe following code illustrates how to hide the TEXTAREA elements and replace them with DIV elements that contain the contents of the initial TEXTAREA elements:
For more information, see the following Microsoft Web site:
Introduction to Regular ExpressionsFor more information about developing Web-based solutions for Microsoft Internet Explorer, visit the following Microsoft Web sites:
Article ID: 294901 - Last Review: September 29, 2012 - Revision: 4.0
Retired KB Content Disclaimer
This article was written about products for which Microsoft no longer offers support. Therefore, this article is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated.


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- To specify a range of consecutive numbers, enter the first and last number separated by a hyphen. For example, to specify all numbers between 5 and 10 inclusive, enter 5-10.
- To specify several non-consecutive numbers, separate each one with a comma. For example, for the numbers 1, 5 and 9 only, enter: 1,5,9.
- Ranges can include combinations of these two elements. For example, to specify the numbers 1, 3, and all the numbers between 10 and 15, enter: 1,3,10-15.
- Negative numbers can also be entered. For example, to specify all numbers between -2 and 4, and all numbers between -10 and -5, enter: -2-4, -10--5. Don't worry if you end up with two hypens in a row - Worksheet Genius will figure it out.
- Numbers do not need to be entered in ascending order. For example, 13,5:9,20,-5 is fine.
- You can specify a step size between each number in a range - this can be used to generate multiples. To generate all the multiples of 5 between 5 and 100, enter 5-100(+5). To generate all the odd numbers between 1 and 20, enter 1-20(+2). To generate all the two digit numbers ending in 6 between 16 and 106, enter 16-106(+10).
For those of you that preferred our older method of using a colon to define a range (5:10, for example), you can still use that too if you want to.


Aquatine lemurian calcite is a calcium carbonate mineral with a trigonal crystal system and a hardness of 3. It is typically a pale to a deep blue-green Calcite from a remote region of Argentina.
Aquatine Lemurian Calcite gets its name from its affinity to the element of water, and to the water-oriented civilization of Lemuria. Whether a physical or etheric place, Lemuria was a realm of the watery qualities—intuition, dreaming, feeling and visionary consciousness.
ALC deeply nourishes the emotional body. It is a strong antidote to stress, fear, worry and anxiety about the future. It soothes and replenishes the etheric body. It enhances dream life and facilitates lucid dreaming. It is ideal for opening up one's capacity for recalling past lives, ancient knowledge and tuning in to the morphic fields of the Earth's past. Those who wish to communicate with whales and dolphins can be aided by Aquatine Lemurian Calcite's capacity to enhance telepathic abilities.
It increases conscious sensitivity through one's energy field. It helps increase awareness of spirit guides and angelic guardians, and allows for easier communication.
ALC has a cooling, pacifying, calming effect on the emotional body. It has the frequency of a mother singing a lullaby or lovingly caressing her child.


8.8. Patterns
Patterns and pattern-matching are at the very heart of Cypher, so being effective with Cypher requires a good understanding of patterns.
Using patterns, you describe the shape of the data you're looking for. For example, in the MATCH clause you describe the shape with a pattern, and Cypher will figure out how to get that data for you.
The pattern describes the data using a form that is very similar to how one typically draws the shape of property graph data on a whiteboard: usually as circles (representing nodes) and arrows between them to represent relationships.
Patterns appear in multiple places in Cypher: in MATCH, CREATE and MERGE clauses, and in pattern expressions. Each of these is described in more details in:
Patterns for nodes
The very simplest "shape" that can be described in a pattern is a node. A node is described using a pair of parentheses, and is typically given a name. For example:
This simple pattern describes a single node, and names that node using the identifier a.
Note that the parentheses may be omitted, but only when there are no labels or properties specified for the node pattern.
In addition to simply describing the shape of a node in the pattern, one can also describe attributes. The most simple attribute that can be described in the pattern is a label that the node must have. For example:
One can also describe a node that has multiple labels:
Specifying properties
Nodes and relationships are the fundamental structures in a graph. Neo4j uses properties on both of these to allow for far richer models.
Properties can be expressed in patterns using a map-construct: curly brackets surrounding a number of key-expression pairs, separated by commas. E.g. a node with two properties on it would look like: (a { name: "Andres", sport: "Brazilian Ju-Jitsu" }).
A relationship with expectations on it would could look like: (a)-[{blocked: false}]->(b).
When properties appear in patterns, they add an additional constraint to the shape of the data. In the case of a CREATE clause, the properties will be set in the newly created nodes and relationships. In the case of a MERGE clause, the properties will be used as additional constraints on the shape any existing data must have (the specified properties must exactly match any existing data in the graph). If no matching data is found, then MERGE behaves like CREATE and the properties will be set in the newly created nodes and relationships.
Note that patterns supplied to CREATE may use a single parameter to specify properties, e.g: CREATE (node {paramName}). This is not possible with patterns used in other clauses, as Cypher needs to know the property names at the time the query is compiled, so that matching can be done effectively.
Describing relationships
The simplest way to describe a relationship is by using the arrow between two nodes, as in the previous examples. Using this technique, you can describe that the relationship should exist and the directionality of it. If you don't care about the direction of the relationship, the arrow head can be omitted, like so:
As with nodes, relationships may also be given names. In this case, a pair of square brackets is used to break up the arrow and the identifier is placed between. For example:
Much like labels on nodes, relationships can have types. To describe a relationship with a specific type, you can specify this like so:
Unlike labels, relationships can only have one type. But if we'd like to describe some data such that the relationship could have any one of a set of types, then they can all be listed in the pattern, separating them with the pipe symbol | like this:
Note that this form of pattern can only be used to describe existing data (ie. when using a pattern with MATCH or as an expression). It will not work with CREATE or MERGE, since it's not possible to create a relationship with multiple types.
As with nodes, the name of the relationship can always be omitted, in this case like so:
Variable length
Rather than describing a long path using a sequence of many node and relationship descriptions in a pattern, many relationships (and the intermediate nodes) can be described by specifying a length in the relationship description of a pattern. For example:
This describes a graph of three nodes and two relationship, all in one path (a path of length 2). This is equivalent to:
A range of lengths can also be specified: such relationship patterns are called "variable length relationships". For example:
This is a minimum length of 3, and a maximum of 5. It describes a graph of either 4 nodes and 3 relationships, 5 nodes and 4 relationships or 6 nodes and 5 relationships, all connected together in a single path.
Either bound can be omitted. For example, to describe paths of length 3 or more, use:
And to describe paths of length 5 or less, use:
Both bounds can be omitted, allowing paths of any length to be described:
As a simple example, let's take the query below:
MATCH (me)-[:KNOWS*1..2]-(remote_friend)
WHERE me.name = "Filipa"
RETURN remote_friend.name
2 rows
Try this query live. create (_0 {'name':"Dilshad"}) create (_1 {'name':"Emil"}) create (_2 {'name':"Filipa"}) create (_3 {'name':"Anders"}) create (_4 {'name':"Becky"}) create (_5 {'name':"Cesar"}) create _0-[:'KNOWS']->_2 create _3-[:'KNOWS']->_4 create _3-[:'KNOWS']->_5 create _3-[:'KNOWS']->_0 create _4-[:'KNOWS']->_1 create _5-[:'KNOWS']->_1 MATCH (me)-[:KNOWS*1..2]-(remote_friend) WHERE me.name = "Filipa" RETURN remote_friend.name
This query finds data in the graph which a shape that fits the pattern: specifically a node (with the name property Filipa) and then the KNOWS related nodes, one or two steps out. This is a typical example of finding first and second degree friends.
Note that variable length relationships can not be used with CREATE and MERGE.
Assigning to path identifiers
As described above, a series of connected nodes and relationships is called a "path". Cypher allows paths to be named using an identifer, like so:
p = (a)-[*3..5]->(b)
You can do this in MATCH, CREATE and MERGE, but not when using patterns as expressions.


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Guidance and navigation in unknown environments requires learning of the task environment simultaneous to path planning. Autonomous guidance in unknown environments requires a real-time integration of environment sensing, mapping, planning, trajectory generation, and tracking. For brute force optimal control, the spatial environment should be mapped accurately. The real-world environments are in general cluttered, complex, unknown, and uncertain. An accurate model of such environments requires to store an enormous amount of information and then that information has to be processed in optimal control formulation, which is not computationally cheap and efficient for online operations of autonomous guidance systems. On the contrary, humans and animals are in general able to navigate efficiently in unknown, complex, and cluttered environments. Like autonomous guidance systems, humans and animals also do not have unlimited information processing and sensing capacities due to their biological and physical constraints. Therefore, it is relevant to understand cognitive mechanisms that help humans learn and navigate efficiently in unknown environments. Such understanding can help to design planning algorithms that are computationally efficient as well as better understand how to improve human-machine interfaces in particular between operators and autonomous agents. This dissertation is organized in three parts: 1) computational investigation of environment learning in guidance and navigation (chapters 3 and 4), 2) investigation of human environment learning in guidance tasks (chapters 5 and 6), and 3) autonomous guidance framework based on a graph representation of environment using subgoals that are invariants in agent-environment interactions (chapter 7). In the first part, the dissertation presents a computational framework for learning autonomous guidance behavior in unknown or partially known environments. The learning framework uses a receding horizon trajectory optimization associated with a spatial value function (SVF). The SVF describes optimal (e.g. minimum time) guidance behavior represented as cost and velocity at any point in geographical space to reach a specified goal state. For guidance in unknown environments, a local SVF based on current vehicle state is updated online using environment data from onboard exteroceptive sensors. The proposed learning framework has the advantage in that it learns information directly relevant to the optimal guidance and control behavior enabling optimal trajectory planning in unknown or partially known environments. The learning framework is evaluated by measuring performance over successive runs in a 3-D indoor flight simulation. The test vehicle in the simulations is a Blade-Cx2 coaxial miniature helicopter. The environment is a priori unknown to the learning system. The dissertation investigates changes in performance, dynamic behavior, SVF, and control behavior in body frame, as a result of learning over successive runs. In the second part, the dissertation focuses on modeling and evaluating how a human operator learns an unknown task environment in goal-directed navigation tasks. Previous studies have showed that human pilots organize their guidance and perceptual behavior using the interaction patterns (IPs), i.e., invariants in their sensory-motor processes in interactions with the task space. However, previous studies were performed in known environments. In this dissertation, the concept of IPs is used to build a modeling and analysis framework to investigate human environment learning and decision-making in navigation of unknown environments. This approach emphasizes the agent dynamics (e.g., a vehicle controlled by a human operator), which is not typical in simultaneous navigation and environment learning studies. The framework is applied to analyze human data from simulated first-person guidance experiments in an obstacle field. Subjects were asked to perform multiple trials and find minimum-time routes between prespecified start and goal locations without priori knowledge of the environment. They used a joystick to control flight behavior and navigate in the environment. In the third part, the subgoal graph framework used to model and evaluate humans is extended to an autonomous guidance algorithm for navigation in unknown environments. The autonomous guidance framework based on subgoal graph is an improvement to the SVF based guidance and learning framework presented in the first part. The latter uses a grid representation of the environment, which is computationally costly in comparison to the graph based guidance model.
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. December 2017. Major: Aerospace Engineering. Advisor: Berenice Mettler. 1 computer file (PDF); xvi, 176 pages.
Learning of Unknown Environments in Goal-Directed Guidance and Navigation Tasks: Autonomous Systems and Humans.
Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy,
Content distributed via the University of Minnesota's Digital Conservancy may be subject to additional license and use restrictions applied by the depositor.


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(Courtesy University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences)
Height: 15-25 feet (4.5-7.6 meters)
Spread: 10-15 feet (3.0-4.5 meters)
Leaf: 18-36 inches (45-91 cm)
Range: Not native to North America. (USDA Hardiness Zones 8B through 11 - Florida; southern Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arizona and Nevada; coastal California, Oregon and Washington).
General Care Tips
Pindo Palms grow in a variety of sun and shade conditions. Trees tolerate a variety of well-drained, fertile soils. Prune sparingly. Avoid damaging lower trunk and roots.
Things to Watch For:
Insect pests include palm leaf skeletonizer and scales. There are no major disease problems.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Claire L. Fanger F'17
ACLS Fellowship Program 2017
Prophecy in Practice: The Everyday Life of Divine Knowledge in the Twelfth Century
"Prophecy in Practice" sits at the disciplinary intersection of anthropology and history, and takes as its focus the personal everyday aspects of prophetic cognition in the lives of late medieval monks and nuns. By investigating links between large scale—biblical and exegetical—concepts of prophecy and smaller scale daily practices, such as prayer, reading, and the interpretation and sharing of dreams, as they facilitate or engender individual experiences of prophecy, this project explores the conjunction of institutional and personal knowledge embodied in medieval religious persons. This study breaks new ground in showing how common practices and concepts shared among members of twelfth-century religious communities facilitated individual experience and the expression of prophetic gifts.


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From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Brueghel, Bruegel or Breughel [ˈbɾøːɣəl] was a family of Flemish painters:
- Abraham Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Ambrosius Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568–1625), in German also known as Samtbrueghel oder Blumenbrueghel
- Jan Breughel the Younger (1601–1678)
- Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525/1530–1569), in German also known as Bauernbrueghel
- Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564–1638), in German also known as Höllenbrueghel
|This is a disambiguation page – a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an internal link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
See also: Special:PrefixIndex/Brueghel and All pages with titles containing "Brueghel"


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Selenium fortification of infant formulas: does selenium form matter?
Selenium is a trace element essential for the health and development of the growing infant. It is a necessary component of proteins and enzymes required for a variety of functions, including antioxidant defense, modulation of the inflammatory response, and production of thyroid hormones. In breast-fed infants, selenium stores depend on the selenium content of the mother's diet. In formula-fed infants, selenium levels are correlated to the residual selenium stores accumulated in utero and the level and type of selenium fortification used in the formula. Today, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that infant formulas contain selenium at levels between 2.0 and 7.0 μg per 100 kcal. While the US FDA does not recommend a particular selenium form for fortification, evidence indicates that organically bound selenium forms (e.g., selenomethionine and selenium-enriched yeast) are better absorbed and retained than inorganic forms (e.g., selenite and selenate). Preliminary data from studies in adults do suggest that fortification with standardized selenium-enriched yeast may offer benefits compared to fortification with other organically bound selenium forms. However, because most studies evaluating the impact of selenium fortification of infant formula have assessed inorganic selenium supplements, additional research into the bioavailability and outcomes associated with the use of selenium-enriched yeast in infants is needed.


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Mac 101: Adjusting your mouse and trackpad speed
If you've ever used the trackpad on a PC laptop connected to an external monitor and noticed how many times you have to swipe your finger across the pad to get the mouse cursor from one screen to the other, the end result can be quite frustrating and tiresome. Of course, the same thing can easily happen if you hook up an external display to your MacBook or iMac, although it usually is not as obvious thanks to the larger surface area that Apple has designed into recent trackpads. Luckily, this can be easily corrected on any Mac in just a few simple clicks.
Before we dive into the settings, though, let's talk about what is causing this to happen in the first place. Although we often take it for granted, one of the most astonishing aspects of using a mouse with a computer is the fact that you only have to move your hand by a couple of inches, while the pointer on the screen moves from one end of the screen to the other -- even if the screen is over 20" wide. This feat is accomplished by a simple mathematical conversion being done in the background that measures the distance the mouse (or your finger, if using a trackpad) moves and multiplies that by a specific factor to determine how far -- and in what direction -- to move the cursor on the screen.
Read on to find out how to give your mouse (or trackpad) a speed boost.
This factor is called the Tracking Speed, and it can easily be adjusted to your liking. You'll want to start by opening the System Preferences application. If you often switch between using a mouse and a trackpad, you'll be pleased to know that OS X allows you to set separate tracking speeds (as well as several other settings) for mice and trackpads, so you won't have to update your settings whenever you change devices.
The settings for the mouse can be found under the Mouse preference panel, and they are pretty straightforward:
To adjust the tracking speed, simply drag the slider at the top left of the window to the left to lower the speed, or to the right to increase it. Slower tracking speeds give you more control over the mouse pointer, but the pointer will not move as far and may require you to reposition the mouse on the pad if you are attempting to move your pointer very far on the screen. Higher speeds will allow the pointer to easily move from one end of the screen to the other, but it will make it more difficult to constrain the pointer to a small area of the screen, which may be troublesome for detail-oriented work such as working with images. You can easily experiment with the effects here; the pointer will immediately follow the new tracking speed when the slider is changed, so move the mouse around and see how it feels. If the pointer jumps around too much, drag the slider to the left a notch or two and try it out again. If it feels sluggish, drag it to the right.
There are some other settings here that control other speed factors, such as how far a page scrolls when you scroll using the wheel, ball or buttons on your mouse, and how rapidly you must click the mouse for the computer to recognize a double click.
If you're configuring a Magic Trackpad, there are many more options available, but the same basics apply. The tracking speed will not affect the speed of your gestures, it just affects the cursor speed when using the trackpad as a pointer.
Deals of the Daymore deals
Software Updatesmore updates
- Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Update 14.3.4
- Pixelmator 2.2 available with over 100 new features and improvements
- DabKick for iPhone lets you share photos, watch videos and now listen to music in real-time
- Google Now added to search app on iPhone, iPad
- GateGuru for iPhone has been updated and greatly improved
- Twitter updates its OS X client


text:
This is the embroidered linen nightcap worn by Charles I on the eve of his execution, the 29th-30th January 1649. With the death of the King, the monarchy was abolished and England became a republic governed by the Commonwealth. Charles' trial was unprecedented in world history, and the events that followed were unique in British history. Upon the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, parliament declared Charles a martyr, added him to the calendar of Anglican saints, and ordered prayers to be said in his memory and honour on the anniversary of his death. Interest in the cult of Charles's martyrdom was revived in Queen Victoria's reign.
The nightcap was donated by Queen Victoria to Carisbrooke Castle Museum (established in 1898 by her daughter Princess Beatrice) where it can be seen today. Charles I was confined at Carisbrooke Castle from November 1647 to November 1648, before being brought to trial in London. His time at Carisbrooke was marked by failed attempts at escape, and fruitless negotiations with both Parliament and potential allies. The story of Charles I in the Isle of Wight is a significant part of the island's history and of the present museum's content.


text:
Fruit Flies Medicate Offspring with Alcohol
Female parasitic wasps have successfully infected fruit fly larvae, shown here; the wasps lay their eggs inside of the larvae, which then hatch and eat the maggots from the inside out.
CREDIT: Photo courtesy of Todd Schlenke
It's not likely anyone would nominate a fruit fly for a "Best Mother of the Year" award — after laying her eggs, the insect hits the road, never to be heard from again. But it now turns out that fruit fly mothers aren't completely uncaring and actually try to give their offspring a fighting chance at life.
If she spots a deadly parasitic wasp around, the female fruit fly will "medicate" her offspring by laying her eggs in an environment with high levels of alcohol, which is very toxic to the wasps but not to the flies, new research shows.
Throughout the world, parasitic wasps are a bane to fruit flies. Female wasps lay their eggs inside fly larvae, which then hatch and eat the maggots from the inside out. Fly larvae have a natural immune response to try to kill the wasp, but the venom the wasp injects along with her egg sometimes counters this defense.
"Who survives is totally dependent on the fly strain and the wasp strain," said lead researcher Todd Schlenke, a biologist at Emory University in Georgia. "You never really know who's going to win."
Last year, Schlenke and his team discovered that infected fly larvae have another trick up their sleeves to defeat their enemies: alcohol. Unlike wasp parasites, fruit flies have a high tolerance for alcohol, likely because the fly larvae live in rotting fruit, where a lot of fermentation is taking place. So if a maggot has a wasp growing inside of it, it will seek out and consume food with high levels of alcohol to kill the parasite. [The 10 Most Diabolical and Disgusting Parasites]
This finding led the researchers to wonder if adult fruit flies, which don't get infected by the wasps, know to use the chemical weapon against the parasites. "Would the flies change where they lay their eggs if a wasp is around?" Schlenke said.
Battling with alcohol
In the new study, Schlenke and his team stuck adult female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) into a cage with two food dishes, one alcohol-free and the other with 6-percent alcohol. If no wasps were present, only around 40 percent of the flies laid their eggs in the alcoholic food. But if the researchers put female wasp parasites (Leptopilina heterotoma) into the cage, about 90 percent of the flies laid their eggs in the alcohol-laden dishes.
This behavior, the researchers found, lasts for several days. When the fruit flies were "pre-exposed" to the wasps, they remembered the danger and continued to prefer laying eggs in the alcoholic environment for up to four days after the wasps left the cage.
The researchers then wondered how, exactly, the fruit flies sense the presence of the wasps. By using mutant flies that either couldn't see or smell, they discovered the flies recognize the wasps based on sight — an interesting ability considering that the flies had been reared in a wasp-free lab for generations.
"The flies have never seen wasps in their lives, neither have their parents or their grandparents," Schlenke explained, adding that the flies must have "innate search images for wasps."
Interestingly, these search images are sex-specific; the fruit flies don't seem to care if male wasps are around. Male parasitic wasps have noticeably longer antennae than female wasps, so the researchers tested if clipping the males' antennae would trick the flies. It didn't. The fruit flies somehow still knew the wasps were male and stuck to the alcohol-free dishes, suggesting they recognize the female wasps based on some other characteristic. [Googly Eyes: Photos of Striking Wasp Faces]
A widespread behavior?
Schlenke is curious to see how widespread this "behavioral immune response" is. In the current study, the team found that a host of other booze-tolerant flies also pre-emptively medicate their young with alcohol when they spot the wasps. But fly species that don't live in rotting fruit never choose the alcohol-laced food over the alcohol-free food, even if a wasp is in sight.
Do these flies, and maybe even other types of insects, have a different immune tactic to fight parasitic wasps?
For instance, some fly species live on mushrooms, which contain a variety of toxins, Schlenke said. "I wonder if mushroom flies are able to use the mushroom toxins to protect themselves against wasps," he said.
These behavioral examples would help show that the immune system is made up of more than just immune-activated cells, such as antibodies, Schlenke said. Specifically, immune behaviors, such as medicating oneself or another, are also part of an organism's immune system.
"We need to think of the immune system as a broader set of structures and processes that protect an organism from infection," Schlenke said.
The research is detailed in tomorrow's (Feb. 22) issue of the journal Science.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


LiFi Technology: LiFi claims to be 100 times faster than standard WiFi. But what exactly is this and how does it work?
Li-Fi technology
Li-Fi technology
LiFi is a wireless technology that is critical to addressing the challenges facing 5G. LiFi can transmit in multiple gigabits, is more reliable, virtually non-interference, and generally more secure than radio technology such as WiFi or cellular.
Scroll down to know these:
 - LiFi Full Form
 - What is LiFi Technology?
 - How Does LiFi Technology Works?
 - Is LiFi Faster than WiFi?
 - When will LiFi be available?
 - LiFi vs WiFi
 - Advantages of LiFi
 - Disadvantages of LiFi
LiFi Full Form
The full form of LiFi is "Light Fidelity".
What is LiFi Technology?
LiFi has been used to resemble LED light bulbs currently used in many energy-conscious homes and offices. However, LiFi bulbs are designed with a chip that controls the light for optical data transmission. LiFi data is transmitted through LED bulbs and receives photoreceptors.
How Does LiFi Technology Works?
Mobile communication of data using High-Speed Bidirectional Network and Life Lite. LiFi has many light bulbs that make up a wireless network.
When an electric current is applied to an LED light bulb, light (photons) is emitted from the bulb.
LED bulbs are semiconductor devices, which can change the brightness of the light through them at a very high speed. This allows the signal to be sent by modifying the light at different rates.
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The signal is obtained by a detector that interprets changes in light intensity (data) as data.
Intensity modulation is invisible to the human eye, so communication is as seamless as other radio systems, allowing users to connect where there is a LiFi enabled light. Using this method, data can be transmitted from an LED light bulb at high speed.
Is LiFi Faster than WiFi?
Is LiFi faster than WiFi? LiFi is 100 times faster than WiFi
LiFi has taken off his training wheels and continues to wander in the real world.
Scientists around the world are testing LiFi in office and industrial settings, often recording data transmission rates at 1GB per second - 100 times faster than current average WiFi speeds!
LiFi technology uses Visible Light Communication (VLC), which uses visible light between 400 and 800 terahertz (THz).
LEDs can be rated very fast. Researchers have proven data rates of 3.5 gigabytes (GB) per second using white light as a single blue LED or 1.7 gigabytes per second (GB). This new technology, theoretically, offers speeds of up to 224 GB per second.
It is so fast, it can transfer and download 18 movies in under a second!
Along with its increased speed, radio signals, the light technology behind the LiFi is affected by very little interference. This is because it has a much broader spectrum than radio waves.
Compare LiFi using the light seen from 400 to 800 terahertz (THz) to WiFi, which uses 5 GHz (GHz) of unlicensed radio spectrum and has a low supply.
LiFi operates in a spectrum 10,000 times larger than radio waves. This open, non-intermittent wavelength contributes to the greater efficiency of user traffic, which greatly affects the speed of transmission.
When will LiFi be available?
Companies such as Intel, TI, Quintana, Cisco, and HPE provide standards for light communications based on the Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11. The Li-Fi standard is set to be released in 2021.
LiFi vs WiFi
WiFi uses electromagnetic waves at the radio frequency ensembles for data transmission while using LiFi light for data transmission. Due to less interference by light than radiofrequency waves, it can be used in a more dense environment.
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LiFi covers about 10 meters, while WiFi covers 30 meters. Both offer almost the same data transfer rate. Let's understand the Li-Fi Internet and Wi-Fi Internet Network Architecture.
Advantages of Li-Fi
Speed: LiFi delivers 100 times faster than what is currently achieved on WiFi. Faster communication results in better service quality and better communication.
Efficiency: Li-Fi is more efficient in cost and power consumption. Because it uses LED bulbs for communication, these bulbs reduce the power consumption of the LiFi network and require no additional hardware to operate it, making it more efficient to double the lighting compared to current technologies. Uplift.
Availability: With the use of LED bulbs, LiFi can be made available with LiFi compatible bulbs instead of traditional LED bulbs.
Security: Because LiFi uses a visible light spectrum, it does not optionally enter through opaque objects such as walls, as opposed to the current WiFi that crosses the walls, which may jeopardize unauthorized access.
Disadvantages of LiFi
Special Hardware Requirements: Special hardware is required for implementations that are currently not available on a large scale.
Technological advancement: To apply the current technology on a large scale, LiFi must be upgraded and used by the general public.
Cost Factor: Since the technology is new, a large amount of money is invested in its R&D, which is why LiFi is so expensive.
Uplink Problems: LiFi demonstrates a very high downlink speed. There is no mention of uplink and there is no clarity on how it will be implemented.
Interference: The use of visible light for transmission of a signal is likely to interfere with daily light, such as sunlight, regular home lighting, and so on.
Limited Range: The range of LiFi is limited by two main factors: the dispersion of light and the penetration of light into opaque objects (such as room walls).
WiFi use: The widespread use of WiFi is a major factor preventing the use of wifi. Limitations of LiFi Converting traditional WiFi networks is a difficult task.
Final Words
A fast, safe and efficient solution to optimize our relationship with the world is Li-Fi Technology. Is this the beginning of the end of Wi-Fi? Please share your opinion in the comments.
I hope you did find it informative, thank you.
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text:
Add new a user to your site is very easy to do, and there are many reasons to do that. Users can have different access type. As Super User you can modify as needed. The Following steps will guide you how.
- Log into Joomla 3.0 dashboard.
- Right in the top menu, go to Users then Users Manager and click Add New User.
- Adds the information requested in Account Details, as shown below.
- On the tab Assigned User Groups, assign the new user the appropriate group. Once you have assigned the group, you can save and close.
- You have successfully added a new user; finally as a super user you can disable it or deactivate, or change the user group.


text:
Pronunciation: (spOOn), Strict Standards: Non-static method FenSites::linkTo() should not be called statically in /site/html/dictionary/spoon.html on line 79 [key]
1. a utensil for use in eating, stirring, measuring, ladling, etc., consisting of a small, shallow bowl with a handle.
2. any of various implements, objects, or parts resembling or suggesting this.
3. a spoonful.
4. Also called spoon' bait". Angling.a lure used in casting or trolling for fish, consisting of a bright spoon-shaped piece of metal or the like, swiveled above one or more fishhooks, and revolving as it is drawn through the water.
5. Also called number three wood. Golf.a club with a wooden head whose face has a greater slope than the brassie or driver, for hitting long, high drives from the fairway.
6. a curved piece projecting from the top of a torpedo tube to guide the torpedo horizontally and prevent it from striking the side of the ship from which it was fired.
7. born with a silver spoon in one's mouth, born into a wealthy family; having an inherited fortune: She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth and never worked a day in her life.
1. to eat with, take up, or transfer in or as in a spoon.
2. to hollow out or shape like a spoon.
a. to push or shove (a ball) with a lifting motion instead of striking it soundly, as in croquet or golf.
b. to hit (a ball) up in the air, as in cricket.
4. Informal.to show affection or love toward by kissing and caressing, esp. in an openly sentimental manner.
1. Informal.to show affection or love by kissing and caressing, esp. in an openly sentimental manner.
2. Games.to spoon a ball.
3. Angling.to fish with a spoon.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


text:
Aboriginal objects are physical evidence of the use of an area by Aboriginal people. They can also be referred to as 'Aboriginal sites','relics' or 'cultural material'.
Aboriginal objects include:
- physical objects, such as stone tools, Aboriginal-built fences and stockyards, scarred trees and the remains of fringe camps
- material deposited on the land, such as middens
- the ancestral remains of Aboriginal people.
Handicrafts made by Aboriginal people for sale are not 'Aboriginal objects' under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act).
Known Aboriginal objects and sites are recorded on OEH's Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS). If you find an object, you should report it to us.
See how tools were made by grinding or flaking stone, and learn how to look for signs of Aboriginal toolmaking in the bush.
Aboriginal scarred trees
Thousands of surviving trees in NSW bear scars resulting from removal of bark or wood by Aboriginal people in the past for the manufacture of canoes, shields and other artefacts. These scarred trees are one of the most common yet least understood items of Aboriginal heritage.
Rock art is amongst the oldest surviving human art forms. There are a number of different styles of rock art used across NSW, both of paintings and drawings and rock engravings.
The primary piece of legislation which protects Aboriginal cultural heritage in NSW is the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act). Under the NPW Act it is an offence to harm (destroy, deface, or damage) or desecrate an Aboriginal object or Aboriginal place, or in relation to an object, move the object from the land on which is has been situated.
Finding Aboriginal artefacts
Penalties exist for anyone who knowingly or blatantly takes or collects Aboriginal artefacts.
If you find an Aboriginal artefact, you must leave it where it is and report the artefact and its location to the Office of Environment & Heritage. Even if you believe the artefact is in danger of being damaged the best thing to do leave it alone and report it immediately.
If you do mistakenly take an artefact or find yourself in possession of one, please return it to your local Office of Environment & Heritage office.
Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal objects in NSW
Regulation of Aboriginal cultural heritage
Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System
Page last updated: 24 September 2012


Clave Conundrum: Which View To Choose?
By Jeff Salisbury
After being fortunate enough to have seen a number of the most influential Latin percussionists of our time play simply astounding music, I encountered a sort of musical puzzle. The polyrhythmic prevalence of 3 over 2 and 3 over 4 has intrigued me and prompted me to document a combination I had yet to see on paper. By superimposing 3-2 Rumba Clave over 6/8 clave where 8th note= 8th note, a cycle of either 6 bars of 4/4 time or 8 bars of 6/8 is derived. When I wrote it both ways I wondered which look is more "user friendly". No instruments are specified and I did not use any x's or alternative noteheads, which might be preferred.
The logical extension of the clave combination for me was fleshing it out to be Bembe/Cascara. Then the possibilities of notation increased. Is it easier to read in ¾ time? What about 6/8 or 4/4? Is the top line easier when corresponding to the time signature, or does that matter? How about a rudimental look? Regardless of the view, they all amount to the same interaction of the rhythms and are not inherently more or less difficult to play.
This led me to wonder how our brains work when presented with different perspectives of the same musical situation. Based on my experience, I found it easier to play certain versions sooner than others. Try them out and have fun. I'd love to hear what other drummers experience when reading through these and which views are preferable.


text:
Wed September 5, 2012
The Toothbrush: It's In The Space Station's Toolbox. How About Yours?
When we heard that astronauts aboard the International Space Station took a spare toothbrush along on a spacewalk today and used it to help clean debris from around some bolts they needed to secure in order to install a power unit, it got us thinking.
Just how versatile are old toothbrushs? We know we've used them to:
-- Clean bike gears.
-- Get grime out of our hubcaps.
-- Get at the crust around a car battery's terminals.
-- Polish jewelry.
-- Reach into aquarium filters.
There must be, though, many other ways they've been used. Please put on your "Hints from Heloise" hats and share in the comments thread.
By the way, NPR's Joe Palca tells our Newscast Desk that the two astronauts' spacewalk was a success. He says that:
"The space station gets its power from an array of solar panels. Four boxes, called main bus switching units, deliver that power to the electrical system on board the station. One of those units had stopped working properly. The station has a spare, so NASA decided to replace the malfunctioning unit.
"But during a spacewalk last week, Sunita Williams and Akihiko Hoshide were unable to drive home a bolt to needed install the unit, apparently because of some metal debris on the bolt or bolt housing. Using some jury-rigged tools, including a toothbrush on a metal handle, today they removed the debris. This this time the bolt went in without a hitch. Signals on the ground showed the new unit was working."
(H/T to NPR's Scott Neuman.)


text:
Part 9, Note 28
Click Here to See All Notes to Part 9
Tenth Census of the United States (1880) Schedule 2, Colorado County, Texas. There were 114 farmers who produced molasses, 132 who grew potatoes, and 163 who grew sweet potatoes. German area farmers were much more likely to grow Irish potatoes than sweet potatoes. Sixty-five of the 649 German area farmers, or 10% of them, grew Irish potatoes; only 67 of the 1027 other farmers, or less than 7%, did. Forty German area farmers grew sweet potatoes, 123 others did.


text: Unionists in Northern Ireland have traditionally been committed to citizenship, whereas nationalists have been concerned with culture. Citizenship has been defined in terms of the politics of universalism where each person has individual rights. Nationalists identify with a communal structure, arguing that equality can only be achieved when group differences receive political affirmation. This book traces the redefinition of aspects of Ulster-British culture, as prompted by the Anglo-Irish agreement of 1985. Since that time Irish communal culture has increasingly been endorsed by officialdom. From an interdisciplinary perspective, Mairead Nic Craith explores the establishment of the Community Relations Council and the development of a bi-cultural infrastructure in spheres such as language, media and museums, and queries whether these developments have dissipated rather than essentialized communities. As unionists develop an interest in cultural affairs and nationalists acquire the language of citizenship, the author proposes that a more equitable future may lie in the concept of cultural citizenship.


Quick Answer: What Is A Bearer?
What is a bearer in LTE?
In a mobile network using the Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture, bearers are the tunnels used to connect the user equipment to Packet Data Networks (PDNs) such as the Internet.
In practice, bearers are concatenated tunnels that connect the user equipment to the PDN through the Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)..
How do bearer shares work?
A bearer share is equity security wholly owned by the person or entity that holds the physical stock certificate, thus the name "bearer" share. … Because the share is not registered to any authority, transferring the ownership of the stock involves only delivering the physical document.
What Cannot be a bearer instrument?
The issuer will not remind the bearer of coupon payments. Bearer instruments are used especially by investors and corporate officers who wish to retain anonymity, however, they are banned in some countries due to their potential use for abuse, such as tax evasion, illegal movement of funds, and money laundering.
What is a bearer document?
A bearer instrument is a document that entitles the holder of the document rights of ownership or title to the underlying property, such as shares or bonds. … Whoever physically holds the bearer document is assumed to be the owner of the property, and the rights arising therefrom, such as dividends.
What is APN bearer?
The Bearer setting allows you to restrict the current APN configuration to only be available when specific communication protocols are in use. … It allows you, for example, to use one APN configuration to be selected when LTE is in use, and another APN configuration to be selected if eHRPD or EvDO is in use.
What is bearer bill?
bearer bill in British English (ˈbɛərə bɪl) banking. a bill payable to the person in possession.
What is the best APN?
Which APN type is best?
Change authentication type to None.APN type should be default,xcap. … APN protocol & APN roaming protocol should be IPv4.Bearer should be set to LTE only and nothing else.MVNO type should be SPN.MVNO value should be Jio 4G. … Tap on save, restart your device and once it's done.More items…
What is the meaning of office bearers?
noun. a person who holds an office, as in a society, company, club, etc; official.
Is accountable to meaning?
Accountable means obligated to explain, justify, and take responsibility for one's actions, and to answer to someone, such as a person with more authority. The state of being accountable is accountability. The word accountable is often used in the context of individuals taking responsibility for their actions.
What is APN and how it works?
An Access Point Name (APN) is the name of a gateway between a GSM, GPRS, 3G or 4G mobile network and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. … More specifically, the APN identifies the packet data network (PDN) that a mobile data user wants to communicate with.
What is a bearer in telecommunication?
In telecommunications, Bearer Service or data service is a service that allows transmission of information signals between network interfaces. These services give the subscriber the capacity required to transmit appropriate signals between certain access points, i.e. user network interfaces.
What means capacity?
noun, plural ca·pac·i·ties. the maximum amount or number that can be received or contained; cubic contents; volume: The inn is filled to capacity. The gasoline tank has a capacity of 20 gallons. power of receiving impressions, knowledge, etc.; mental ability: the capacity to learn calculus.
What does designation mean?
noun. an act of designating. the fact of being designated. something that designates; a distinctive name or title; appellation. nomination, appointment, or election to an office, position, etc.: His designation as treasurer has been confirmed.


text: Carbon dioxide absorbers have been used in anesthesiology for many years. However, this process is not limited to this field of medicine. Removing carbon dioxide from human environment is used in other areas as well: mining industry, submarines, scuba diving, space travel and many others. The rationale to remove carbon dioxide from confined spaces is that cannot be eliminated otherwise. Anesthesia practitioners are well aware of this component of the circle system, the carbon dioxide absorber. In daily practice, the clinician is less concerned with what kind of substance fills the dedicated canister, as this is usually in the care of the maintenance personnel. The appearance of Sevoflurane and Desflurane, with their own chemical characteristics, prompted the clinician to dedicate new attention to these absorbents. The classical substances used for this purpose are different combinations of limes. The practical concern of the anesthesiologist is to notice when the absorbent is consumed and call for its replacement. Still, many other aspects remain: compound A formation with Sevoflurane, carbon monoxide formation with Desflurane and dry absorbent for instance. The latest member of these products in the medical field is the LiOH carbon dioxide absorbent. Although used for many years in the space exploration, its way into the operating room is a rather recent achievement. Special chemical properties and high absorptive capacity make this new type of absorbent an attractive option for modern anesthesia practice. The article below invites the reader through a short journey on the history of the CO2 absorbents and anesthesia circuits, Lithium as a chemical element and, finally, to this new type of absorbent.


in particular "solid agglomerates" of squares, and not e.g. two squares only joined by a vertex.
A simply connected polyomino in the rectangle $[0,n]\times[0,m],$ with vertices of integer coordinates, is precisely determined by its boundary, which may be seen as a closed simple loop in your $n$-by-$m$ square grid graph $\Gamma_{n,m}=(V,E).$ So what you want is precisely the number $N$ of closed simple loops in the graph $\Gamma$. Here by loop I mean, a closed path in $\Gamma$ up to the initial point and up to orientation (that is, a loop is the image of a closed path).
Thus we may write $N=\sum_{k\ge 1} \frac{C(k)}{2k},$ denoting by $C(k)$ the number of simple closed loops of length $k$ (so a simple closed loop of length $k$ is precisely a $k$ ple of distinct vertices $v_1,\dots,v_{k-1}, v_k=v_0$ such that $v_i$ and $v_{i+1}$ are adjacent for $i=1\dots k$). If we denote $c=\sum_k C(k) t ^k $ the GF of the sequence $C(k)$ (a polynomial indeed), we can write $$N:=\int_0^1\frac{c(t)}{2t}dt. $$
Let's then denote $P(u,v,k)$ the number of oriented paths of length $k$ starting at the vertex $v$ and ending at the vertex $u.$ This should be the simplest quantity to compute, for no injectivity is assumed on the paths (it's the $(u,v)$ coefficient in the $k$-power of the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma$ also). Then, I think that one could write $C(k)$ in terms of the $P(u,v,k)$ (via the GF or using the inclusion-exclusion formula. I tried before, with a wrong computation).
So, I'm not sure if this leads somewhere. I'd be glad if somebody could show how to go on along this path.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Sheetala Ashtami, Sheetla Ashtami, Shitala Ashtami
The Ashtami or the eight day of the waning phase of the moon in the month of Phalguna or Falguna. It is nothing but Falguna or Phalguna Bahula Ashtami or Phalguna Krishna Paksha Ashtami.
Sheetala is a hindi word which means Small Pox and Goddess Sheetala is belived to be the goddess of small pox. Goddess Sheetala is accompanied by Jvarasura and other epidemics. In some place Goddess Sheetala is worshipped as Ola Devi.
On Sheetala Ashtami devotees worship Goddess Sheetala. By worshiping Goddess Sheetala, devotees would pray to her to protect them from diseases and other epidemics.
Devotees do not light the stoves in the house on Sheetala Ashtami. The common procedure is to cook the food the before day and eat the same food on Sheetala Ashtami.
Sheetala Ashtami is commonly celebrated in North India.
The temples of Sheetala Mata is situated at Dhanoop near Bhilwara which is in Rajasthan, Mumbai, Gurgoan, Jalandhar.


text:
Format of Original
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Original Item ID
The concept of effective spatial bandwidth (EBW) is extended from the case of an MAS solution for perfectly conducting (PEC) cylinders to dielectric cylinders. It is shown that the ideas and results for the conducting cylinder apply in a straightforward manner to the dielectric case. For the dielectric case, there are two auxiliary surfaces. Because the EBW calculations are independent of the scatterer material, the auxiliary surface for the scattered field will follow the same guidelines for both the PEC and dielectric cases. The guidelines for the second auxiliary surface are described and verified here. Guidelines for both a plane wave incident field and a monopole line source incident field are provided.


Superfluid Fountain
© Peter Taborek, Low Temperature Materials Laboratory, University of California, Irvine.
Superfluid liquid 4He can flow out of uncapped containers. As this flow is without friction, and as liquid helium is not very dense, it can even appear to defy the law of gravity and flow up and out of a container, sometimes in the spectacular manner illustrated here. Although the liquid flows uphill, energy is not created, as the liquid ends up outside the container (on the floor), with a lower gravitational potential energy.


text:
What is the difference between "forgo" and "forego"? Are these just alternate spellings of the same word?
No, these are words with distinctly different meanings. And sometimes devilishly hard to tell apart. So let's fix that!
To forego (with an "e") means, literally, to "go before". That telltale syllable "fore" is our clue: It normally means in front of, or in advance of, something. We find it in words like "forefront" and "foreknowledge".
Thus we might speak of a "foregone conclusion", meaning a conclusion already settled, or established in advance.
Or a contract might refer to its "foregoing provisions", meaning all those provisions previously spelled out. ("Foregoing" in this sense is similar to "preceding".)
To forgo (without the "e") means to give something up, to relinquish it. Perhaps I'll forgo dessert tonight, in hope of losing weight. (Then again, maybe I won't; that jury is still out.)
When we mix these up, it's typically by including the "e" when we don't need it. Thus we may say we'll "forego" something (like dessert) when we mean forgo (relinquish).
How to remember the difference? That little "fore" (as I wrote before) is key: If we mean something goes before, then the word is "forego" (or one of its variants). Otherwise, forgo the "e"!
(This article is part of my series on words that are _TAG_.)


text:
NBS Pseudo Tech is an eco-friendly biological fungicide containing Pseudomonas fluorescens. It is effective against a wide variety of seed and soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. It protects the seeds and roots from fungal and bacterial infections. It can also help prevent frost damage to crops. Applications during the early stages of plant growth help and protect the plant in its initial critical stages of development.
NBS PseudoTech also acts as a plant growth promoter, stimulates seed germination, and promotes early flowering and fruiting. This is a natural input that can be an invaluable tool in the development of a chemical-free approach.
A combination of NBS PseudoTech and NBS MicroShield not only effectively control a wide spectrum of disease but also helps in plant growth. Constant use of NBS Bio-Products will reduce the usage of harmful chemicals to control diseases and protects good soil organisms and beneficial microbes from depleting.


text:
During the servicing of loans, your company may find it necessary to add additional charges to customer accounts. This article covers the logging of a charge on an individual account. This article will not cover automatic late fees, recurring charges, or change due date charges.
To log a charge on an account, navigate to Loan Manager > select the loan in question > Charges.
- Paid: Designates whether or not a charge has been fully paid on an account. In the event you see a check mark, the charge has been paid in full.
- Title: This represents the given title of the charge.
- Charge Date: The date the charge was recorded.
- Amount: The amount of the applied charge.
- Charge Type: Designates the type that was selected for the charge itself.
- Application: This designates the application of the charge. The two options are "Standard" and "Payoff Only".
- Status: This designates whether the report has been reversed, or is currently active.
By selecting the "Log Charge" icon, you will be greeted with the following screen:
You can enter the following data for a new charge:
- Amount – The amount that will be charged (required).
- Application Date – This is the date the charge will apply on the account (required).
- Type – The type of charge (required). The list of charge types can be customized at Settings > Loan > Charges > Types in your company account.
- Info – This is a field where you can enter any additional charge info.
- Application – This selection determines when the charge will come due. The options are:
- Standard – The charge will come due on the Application Date (or on the first day of the payment period it falls into depending on your Fees Paid By setting on the account)
- Payoff – The charge must be paid in order to pay off the loan, but won't be due before then.
Once you have entered the charge information, click the "Save Charge" icon to save the charge.
To generate a list of charges from a specific loan account select either the Create PDF or CSV Export icon located next to the Log Charge button.
When selecting the Create PDF icon it will take all charges currently applied on the loan account and place them into a downloadable file can be viewed inside of Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Export to CSV
When selecting the green excel icon it will format a downloadable file in the CSV format. Simply download the file, and access it with the spreadsheet program of your choice. Once the file has been opened you can further manipulate or view the data.


Ends in -PTION
Random Language or vocabulary Quiz
Can you name the word that ends in -PTION by the given definition or synonym(s)?
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DefinitionWordLetter before the P
A title or explanation for a picture or illustrationa
An instance or case not conforming to the general rulee
The act or faculty of apprehending by means of the senses or of the minde
The quality or fidelity attained in getting radio or television broadcastse
A fit of hysterical excitement or angeri
A note, as a dedication, that is written and signed by hand in a booki
A direction by the physician to the pharmacist for the preparation and use of a medicinei
Outlawry, interdiction, or prohibitioni
The failure of a legacy because the subject matter no longer belongs to the testator's estate at deathm
Something taken for granted; a suppositionm
The using up of goods and services having an exchangeable valuem
DefinitionWordLetter before the P
The circumstances of a taxpayer that allow him or her to make certain deductions from taxable incomem
Courage; spunk; gutsm
The act or right of claiming or purchasing before or in preference to othersm
Belief on reasonable grounds or probable evidencem
Atonement for guiltm
The act or fact of taking up or going on with again, as of something interruptedm
The act of putting something into a more inclusive classificationm
To legally assume the role of parent to a childo
Something that may be or is choseno
A taking in or reception by molecular or chemical action, as of gases or liquidsr
The accumulation of gases, liquids, or solutes on the surface of a solid or liquidr
The movement of substances from the blood into the lumen of the gutr
Moral perversion; depravityu
An issuing forth suddenly and violentlyu
Cessation; intermissionu
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Why are some black women so fat
The real reason men find women with big butts attractive
Evolutionary psychologists have long argued that the physical traits that heterosexual men are attracted to are traits that emphasize female health and fertility. The main argument was that our ancestors developed this attraction because it increased the chances of being successful in the reproductive process.
These pairing preferences, it was believed, were put aside over the generations, but still subconsciously influence men today.
A new study just published in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior shows that men who like women with large buttocks might follow such an evolutionary mating preference.
The researchers hypothesized that the shape of a woman's buttocks is an important indicator of her fertility. It is not the mass of the butt that is decisive, but rather the degree to which it protrudes in comparison to the spine.
They say that women with a straight spine are at a reproductive disadvantage because when they are pregnant they shift their mass forward. This puts a lot of pressure on the muscles and the lower end, so it can cause pain and increase the risk of injury.
Conversely, women with a curved spine have fewer problems shifting the center of their body, across their hips, during pregnancy, which leads to greater stability and reduces the risk of pain. Due to the appearance of the buttocks, this can be an indication of whether the lower end of the spine is bent or not, depending on how curved it is. This led the researchers to believe that men believe such women to be more attractive.
They presented two studies to support this.
In the first study, 102 college students were shown images that looked the same but had bum curves ranging from 26 to 61 degrees.
Lumbar curvature: a previously undiscovered standard of attractiveness
They found that the lumbar curve reached the optimal level at 45.5 degrees, so the models here were rated as more attractive.
The ratings for attractiveness decreased again when this level was exceeded. A spine that is bent too much can result in completely different health conditions, which is why it makes sense that the preference for the spine curve only exists to a certain extent.
The second study looked at whether men really choose based on their spine position or whether men just like big butts in general.
Lumbar curvature: a previously undiscovered standard of attractiveness
To explore this thesis, the scientists demonstrated a series of changes in female figure to 202 male college students, all of whom had the same butt size, but for different reasons. For example, the female figures with larger buttocks had larger gluteal muscles, more fatty tissue or a larger lumbar curvature.
The size of the buttocks was the same everywhere, in all variants, only the position was changed, depending on what the reason was. As has been suggested, men preferred women with curved loins, not women with larger glutes.
The data are only partially reliable because the study only considered college students from the United States who had to evaluate their attraction to digital, abstract body shapes, not actual women.
In the real world, attraction is a complex, multi-factor evaluation that goes beyond the mere evaluation of a single part of the body. The investigation does not clarify how much the curvature of the spine contributes to the attractiveness of a woman in relation to other physical or psychological characteristics.
Still, the research shows that men are attracted to curvy women, and that one of those curves that men subconsciously select is the back end of a woman.


Ingesting and Visualizing API Data with Stitch and Charts
Tom Hollander
We are living in a world full of APIs - one where any data about your devices, your community and even yourself is just an HTTP call away. But while the data returned from APIs can be incredibly useful, it is often just a point-in-time snapshot that makes it impossible to get a complete picture of what's going on. To get the insight you need, a useful pattern is to ingest the data from the API into a database and then analyze and visualize the data to understand how it changes over time. Since most API data is represented in JSON, MongoDB is the ideal database for this data. This post describes how to complete the story using MongoDB Stitch for ingestion and MongoDB Charts for visualization.
The Pattern
The pattern we are going to use is pretty straightforward, and could be implemented with many different technologies:
 - A Scheduler kicks off the process at a regular interval (as warranted by the problem space), such as every hour
 - An Ingestion Function queries the API, retrieves (and perhaps transforms) the data and saves it in a database
 - The Database stores the latest and historical data retrieved from the API
 - The Visualization Tool queries the database (leveraging appropriate filters) and shows charts of the data and how it changes over time
Implementation using the MongoDB stack
Since this is the MongoDB Blog, you won't be surprised to hear that we're storing the data in MongoDB. Given the data from modern APIs is usually represented in JSON, you can store it directly without needing to transform the data or lose richness defined in the original structure. But what about the other components of the solution?
The Ingestion Function runs infrequently, so it's well-suited for a serverless compute platform. You could definitely use a platform like AWS Lambda or Azure Functions for this task, but since the goal is to write to MongoDB, the quickest path will be to use MongoDB Stitch. This gives you simple, rule-based access to MongoDB collections without needing to worry about connection URIs, drivers or package management.
Stitch does not currently have a built-in scheduler. However, Stitch allows you to expose a function as an HTTP Webhook, allowing it to be easily called by a scheduler of your choice.
Finally, to query, filter and visualize the data we are going to use MongoDB Charts beta. This tool lets you quickly and easily create charts of data stored in MongoDB, without needing to flatten the schema or convert the data.
Tutorial: Weather Data
As a simple example, let's build a solution that ingests and visualizes data from a weather API - we'll use OpenWeatherMap which is free for basic scenarios (although you'll still need to sign up for an account to get an App ID to call the API). Our goal is to build our own personal weather dashboard, like this:
Setting up the Stitch App
First, make sure you have a MongoDB Atlas cluster (the free tier will work just fine), and create a Stitch App against that cluster.
Next, we'll add a Stitch Value that contains some metadata needed for calling the API. This is a JSON document that specifies which city we want weather readings from (I'm using "Sydney, AU") and the OpenWeatherMap App ID to use when calling the API (available from their website after you register for an account).
Because we're dealing with an HTTP API, we need to create a Stitch HTTP Service which is responsible for making the requests. We'll call our service "http" and we'll create a rule allowing it to perform a GET request against any URL.
Finally, we'll add an Incoming Webhook to the service, which is a function that can be called from outside of Stitch. We'll call our webhook "ingestWeatherData", configure it to run as the System user, make it invokable via an HTTP POST, and use a secret provided as a query string parameter. Don't forget to set your secret to a nice random value.
Once you've configured your webhook, you need to provide the code that runs each time the webhook is invoked. This function calls the OpenWeatherMap API with the parameters from our Stitch Value. Once it receives a result, it adds a new observationDate field to the document (derived from the dt field, but with a proper Date data type), and then stores the updated document to the weather.observations collection within our MongoDB Atlas cluster.
exports = function(payload) {
 const httpService ='http');
 var weatherApiInfo = context.values.get('weatherApiInfo');
 let url = '${}&units=metric&appid=${weatherApiInfo.appId}';
 console.log("Fetching " + url);
 return httpService.get( {url: url}).then(response => {
 let json = JSON.parse(response.body.text());
 json.observationDate = new Date(json.dt * 1000);
 var collection ='mongodb-atlas').db('weather').collection('observations');
 console.log('Inserted document!');
To schedule our ingestion function, we could use any scheduler we want, including one from a cloud provider like AWS or Azure or as a cron job in a VM. One simple free option is to use IFTTT which lets you create "applets" with a trigger and action. For this example, I used the "Every hour" trigger from the Date/Time category and the "Webhook" action. Whatever scheduler you decide to use, choose an HTTP POST and copy the URL from the Stitch webhook settings page, making sure you append "?secret=" to the end of the URL.
Building your Dashboard
While you're probably keen to get started on your dashboard, keep in mind that readings are only coming through once an hour, so you may want to wait a few days until you have enough data to visualize. While you're waiting, you can download and configure MongoDB Charts beta, and get to know the tool by following the tutorials.
Once you've got a critical mass of data in your collection, it's time to build your dashboard! In the screenshot earlier in this article, you can see I've created a number of different charts showing different views of the data. In this article we'll go through how to create the top chart—after that, it's up to you to replicate the other charts or come up with your own ideas.
In order to visualize data in Charts, you first need to create a Data Source—simply navigate to the Data Sources tab and hit the New Data Source button. On the first step of this dialog, you'll need the connection URI (including the username and password) to your Atlas cluster. You can get this by clicking the Connect button in the Atlas web console. While you're here, make sure you've configured your IP Whitelist (on the Atlas Security tab) to allow access to the cluster from your Charts server.
Back in Charts, once you've successfully connected to your cluster you can choose the 'weather.observations' collection for your data source. Finally, you can decide if you want to share the Data Source with other Charts users, and your data source will be created.
Now we've got a data source, it's time to create a dashboard. Go to the Dashboards tab, click New Dashboard and enter an appropriate name and description ("Weather" will do nicely!). You'll now be presented with a blank canvas, ready to add your first chart.
Clicking Add Chart will take you to the Chart Builder. This is where all of the magic happens. Building a chart involves the following steps, although you may sometimes do things in a different order or iterate until you're happy with the result:
 1. Choose a Data Source
 2. Choose a Chart Type
 3. Drag fields from the field panel onto the encoding channels
 4. Apply a filter, if desired
 5. Give your chart a title
 6. Save your chart to your dashboard
Selecting the Data Source is always the first step. Once you do this, Charts will sample the Data Source and show the resulting fields in the field panel at the left of the window. Note that the field panel also shows the types of each field, and identifies the nested documents and arrays in the document's structure.
Next, we'll choose our chart type. To show our graph of how the temperature changes over time, we'll select the Line category and then choose the Continuous Line chart. A continuous chart shows a data point for each individual document from the collection, as opposed to the discrete chart which aggregates multiple points together when they share the same category value.
After completing these steps, your Chart will look like this:
Now it's time to encode some fields. Drag the observationDate field onto the X-Axis channel, and then expand the main nested document to reveal its children. We'll drag the temp field onto the Y-axis, and you should see the beginnings of a useful chart!
To add a bit more information to the chart, let's add additional series to show the minimum and maximum observed temperatures across the city. Charts lets you create multi-series charts in two ways: you can either create each series from a distinct field, you can use a "series" field to split values from a single field into multiple series. For the shape of the data in this collection, we'll go with the first option. We'll do this by dragging the temp_min and temp_max fields as additional fields in the Y-axis channel:
This is starting to look nice! But note that the chart is currently showing all of the data in the collection. While we only have a few days of data in the system at the moment, with each passing hour we'll get another data point, gradually resulting in a more cluttered chart and slower performance. To get around this, we can


Pratt vs Howe Truss
 Hi, I have to build a Popsicle Stick bridge for Physics class. I really don't have much knowledge on bridges as most of this was to be researched. I did a lot of research but I'm having trouble deciding between these two trusses.
 Length: 55 cm
 Height: 4 cm
 Width: 8 cm
 So my main problem is the type of truss to use, Howe or Pratt. The load will be focused in the center.
 2. Relevant equations
 3. The attempt at a solution
 I used a Bridge Designer program to determine the force/weight distribution for each truss. Pratt is on the top, Howe is on the bottom:
 The main differences are that the Pratt truss has no force on the ends and the compression members are vertical. The Howe truss has no force on the center and the tension members are vertical instead.
 Here's why I can't decide between the two:
 - The Pratt truss uses vertical compression members. Since the height restriction is 4cm, wouldn't this allow the bridge using a Pratt truss to be stronger against compression? (Compression is inversely proportional to length, according to the research I've done)
 - The Howe truss has no net force in the center, where the load will be placed. Does this automatically make it better than the Pratt?
 2. jcsd
 3. PhanthomJay
 PhanthomJay 6,296
 Science Advisor
 Homework Helper
 Gold Member
 It appears that you have inadvertently applied your load at the top of the truss instead of at the bottom, because that's the only way you're going to get a zero force in the center vertical chord for the Howe, and as compressive force of 150 for the Pratt (the way you have shown the load, those chord forces would be reversed). Beyond that, if your numbers are correct, I'm not sure which is better, it depends a lot on your l/r ratios for the compressive members. Off hand, you've got to weigh the 300 max tensile,225 max horiz chord compression, and 106 max compression of the diagonals, of the Howe, with the 187 max tensile and 250 max compression of the horiz chords, of the Pratt. And even for the zero force members, you're still going to use the same size popsicle stick in those members, so the zero's don't gain you anything. I'd vote for the Pratt, but it could be a wash either way. Just a thought, so don't take it for gospel. I'll let you be the engineer.
 4. Thanks for your help.
 The weight is going to be loaded on the top of the bridge in the center. Does that change anything?
 5. PhanthomJay
 PhanthomJay 6,296
 Science Advisor
 Homework Helper
 Gold Member
 If the loading is as the top, your internal force diagrams as shown are correct.
 6. How about the deflection (vertical movement) at mid span. Does one indicate less deflection than the other? Also noticed that the maximum forces in Howe truss are less than the maximum in the Pratt. On a much larger scale, would the truss with the lower maximum forces result in in a lighter truss members, thereby reducing fabrication and erection costs?...
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Interface with the Data API via Spark
When you use this processing library, you implement Compilers, mix in the InputLayers and OutputLayers traits. These interfaces define data structures for the catalog and layer IDs. By implementing these interfaces, you tell the processing library which input catalogs and input layers each compiler requires. The processing library queries the input catalogs accordingly and provides the metadata to the compiler. In addition, the processing library requires each compiler to specify the output layers that it produces.
The Data Processing Library uses this information to implement incremental publishing via the Publisher, where output layers specified in each compiler are queried before publishing, to detect:
 - which partitions contain new payloads
 - which partitions are unchanged
 - which partitions are deleted
Since there is only one output catalog, it is not necessary to specify its identifier in application.conf or when you run the application. However, partition keys contain a catalog identified and you have to use the Default.OutCatalogId value when your compiler products output keys.
Input layers and catalogs can be shared across DriverTasks; the processing library optimizes this by querying the Data API only once. However, each layer of the output catalog can be produced by one task only. This is a requirement to implement incremental publishing: the Publisher collects all the metadata of a layer candidate to be published in one single place to perform the comparison, the conditional upload, and the multipart commit properly.
It is a mistake to have two or more tasks specify the same output layer, as the layer would be fully overwritten by the second task, resulting in an invalid output.
The following sections describe important internals of the Catalog and Publisher, which the Driver operates. While you do not need to directly operate these internals, this information is necessary to understand how input catalogs are accessed and how payloads are pushed to the output catalog.
Query a Catalog
The package contains APIs to access catalogs via Spark RDDs.
The Catalog trait provides convenient access to a Data API catalog via Spark.
The following operations are supported, via the Data Client Library:
 - Snapshot queries: construct an RDD of all the metadata of the catalog at a given version, eventually restricted to a set of layers.
 - Change queries: construct an RDD of changed metadata between two versions, eventually restricted to a set of layers.
 - Commit: regroup (Spark coalesce) an RDD of (updated) metadata into a fixed number of parts, upload them in parallel, and perform a multipart commit.
 - Configuration: easily access catalog configuration.
Most queries, except for configuration and queries for the latest version, are performed in parallel by Spark worker nodes. This ensures that metadata is not concentrated in the Driver, preventing a bottleneck that would hinder scalability.
Publish and Commit to a Catalog
The package provides higher-level functionality to publish the output payloads at the end of data processing and then commit the result. The Publisher class provides two methods to publish the output of compilation: full snapshot publishing and incremental publishing. In both cases, the Publisher requires the following input:
 - an RDD of output keys and payloads, which are the candidates to be published
 - an RDD of metadata for the output catalog, which contains what was already published
The Publisher performs the following steps:
 1. Joins the payloads through the keys (partition + layer), that are candidates to be published with the metadata already published.
 2. Calculates the hashes of the payloads.
 3. Discards all the payloads if their hashes correspond to those already published; discarding all output data that has not changed.
 4. Uploads all the payloads that are actually new via an Uploader, generating new metadata entries for them.
 5. Returns an RDD of metadata to be committed to the Catalog.
However, the two publishing methods vary in that:
 - Full snapshot publishing deletes each entry of the output catalog which was not explicitly provided in the input, in the resulting commit.
 - Incremental publishing does not modify partitions that were not provided in the output catalog.
Changes provided to the Publisher, either a new partition content or a delete request, are applied on top of the existing partitions.
The publisher merely performs incremental publishing based on hash differences, it is not an incremental compiler.
In both cases:
 - Payloads of newly-introduced keys are uploaded and committed as new metadata.
 - Payloads of keys already present in the output are discarded if not modified, otherwise they are uploaded and committed as changed metadata.
 - Empty payloads of keys already present in the output become deleted metadata.
It's important to note that all of this processing takes place in Spark worker nodes: hash calculation and comparison, eventual uploading, generation of the metadata to be committed. The RDD with the resulting metadata can then be passed to the Catalog for the actual commit.
State Layer
The library requires the output catalog to have an additional layer configured with generic partitioning scheme, for internal use. Applications cannot publish data to this layer. The layer ID is configurable but, its default name is: state layer.
The state layer is used by stateful compilation patterns to persist some RDDs and retrieve them on the next run.
Typically, within these RDDs, the input-output dependency graph is persisted. This graph specifies which input partition affects which output partition. This information is stored per-DriverTask and is needed in incremental compilation to identify which output partitions are candidates to be recompiled and republished.
Additionally, Fingerprints, that are required to guarantee the correctness of incremental runs, are also stored in this layer.
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Diabetes indicators in Australia
The new web-based report, Diabetes indicators in Australia, shows the prevalence of diabetes in the Australian population increased from 1.5% to 4.1% over the 20 years to 2007-08.
Diabetes can lead to serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease and end-stage kidney disease as well as loss of vision, limb amputation and even death.
'While increasing numbers of Australians are developing the disease, there is some good news in relation to diabetes complications,' said AIHW spokesperson Lisa McGlynn.
Diabetes-related deaths dropped by 18% between 1997 and 2007 and hospitalisations for lower limb amputations among people with diabetes fell between 2001 and 2007–08, from 4.8 to 4.1 per 1,000 people with diabetes.
'This may be a result of better diabetes management,' Ms McGlynn said.
'However, the increasing number of Australians with diabetes is still a cause for concern, as is the number of Australians with modifiable risk factors for diabetes.'
'We can help manage diabetes risk by, among other things, maintaining a healthy weight, getting enough exercise and eating the right amounts of fruit and vegetables.'
In 2007–08, 61% of Australian adults were overweight or obese, compared to 57% in 1995.
The rate of Australian adults who did not get enough exercise has increased from 69% to 72% between 2001 and 2007–08.
And, in 2007–08, more than 90% of Australian adults did not eat enough vegetables and 50% did not eat enough fruit.
Indigenous Australians have an increased risk of developing diabetes.
The rate of diabetes among Indigenous Australians was more than 3 times that of non-Indigenous Australians, and Indigenous Australians had higher rates of diabetes-related deaths than the general population—46 per 100,000 among Indigenous Australians in 2006 compared to 33 per 100,000 among all Australians in the same year.
Diabetes indicators in Australiais available at _URL_ The AIHW has also released a new diabetes dashboard, providing easily accessible and navigable facts and figures on diabetes, available at _URL_
The AIHW is a major national agency set up by the Australian Government to provide reliable, regular and relevant information and statistics on Australia's health and welfare.


sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin ============================= The 'sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin' plugin automates the handling of 'created_by' and 'updated_by' columns. Each time a __Signable__ object is inserted or updated, those columns are automatically updated accordingly to the user who saved the changes. Instalation =========== Install the plugin via the subversion repository by executing the following command from the project root directory: $ svn co _URL_ plugins/sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin or by using the default symfony plugin install command: $./symfony plugin:install sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin Usage ===== Add the desired columns to your schema.yml for the tables you want to be signed. You can use a string or an int type, the behavior will automatically detect the type and store the corresponding information depending on this type (for a string the username is stored, and for an integer it's the user's ID). # You can either set the type of a column to a string (will store the username) or an integer (will store the user ID) actAs: Signable: created: name: created_by type: integer options: notnull: true default: 1 updated: name: updated_by type: string Also you may use global behavior in your doctrine schema (default field value is integer): actAs: [Timestampable, Signable] Dependencies ============ There is no required dependency, although : * [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ will provide you basic but flexible and robust user management. Relations --------- The plugin is provided with behavior relations for __sfDoctrineGuardPlugin__. For created and updated options which are defined as active (__not disabled__) and __integer type__, __creator__ and __updator__ relations are available, respectively. This means, that if you attach Signable behavior (defined as mentioned above) to any of your model, you can directly access sfGuardUser class objects. For example, the _Article_ model is defined as follows: Article: actAs: Signable: ~ you can access the user who created/updated the Article (integer option is the default in the Signable): [php] echo $article->getCreator(); echo $article->getUpdator()->customMethod(); Example use cases ================= Here are some example cases when you may find this plugin useful: string user reference --------------------- The project includes a blog or a forum system. Each blog/forum post page needs to display the user who posted it (or modified it last time). The symfony forum screenshot last column shows LAST POST, user name is highlighted in red (__Singable__ behavior) and the timestamp is highlighted in green (__Timestampable__ behavior):![symfony forum](_URL_ "symfony forum") integer user reference ---------------------- The more advanced technique is to use an integer created_by/updated_by column (the default) to store the user's ID (need to have appropriate user table, e.g. [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ In this case you may use relations and fetch User object at runtime (which is very difficult if you store user name as a string). This option is very useful when developing a CRM or ERP system where data modification is important (could be combined with data versioning). Thanks to --------- Thomas Boerger, Michael Klein, Kary Leong, geoffrey: [The snippet this plugin is based on](_URL_ "Snippet").


3 Reasons to Switch Your Hoisting Chains to Wire Ropes
22 May 2020
 Categories:, Blog
If you currently use chains on your hoists and you need to replace some or all of them, then it's worth thinking about using wire ropes instead. Ropes can do the same job as chains but have some useful extra advantages. What are they?
1. More Built-in Strength
Metal chains are meant to be strong. Their links are made from solid metals that can carry recommended weights and move and hold them without breaking.
However, a chain is only as strong as each of its links. The chain's strength relies on its materials and link construction.
The way that wire ropes are made gives them added strength in different areas. The ropes build up around a strong core material which stabilises the rope to start with. Then, the wires around this core add strength to the mix too.
Each rope consists of several strands of wire that wrap around the core. In turn, each strand contains multiple wires that have been woven together.
This multi-faceted construction increases the strength of the rope and its weight-bearing abilities. It also helps the wire carry a load even if part of it breaks.
2. Lighter Weight
Metal chains are often heavy. The more weight you need the chain to bear, the heavier it is likely to be.
This may not be a problem if you have a static hoist with an automated chain mechanism. However, if you need to move a hoist or its chain, then this can be difficult if the chain is particularly heavy. It also puts an extra load on hoists that are mounted from above.
Wire rope is usually a lot lighter than a chain. It is also easier to move and to carry.
3. Longer Replacement Times
While you expect metal chains to last a long time, you can't mitigate against accidental damage or wear and tear. If a chain rusts, then it may break; cracks or breaks in links ultimately make the chain fall apart.
If a chain link breaks, then the chain won't work. It effectively breaks into two pieces. If you can't repair the damage, you have to buy a new chain.
However, if one strand of a wire rope breaks or frays, then the core and the other strands may supply enough support for the rope to keep working. So, a wire rope may last for longer and need replacing less frequently.
To find out more about making the switch to wire rope, contact your equipment supplier.