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The PICSAR project (now released open-source!)
The Particle-In-Cell Scalable Application Resource (PICSAR) is a high performance repository intended to help scientists porting their Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes to the next generation of exascale computers.
PICSAR exploits the three levels of parallelism that will be required to achieve good performances on future architectures: distributed memory parallelization (internode), shared memory parallelization (intranode) and vectorization.
- A high performance library of optimized versions of the key functionalities of the PIC loop.
- A compact "mini-app" standalone code (PICSARlite), which serves as a self-contained proxy that adequately portrays the computational loads and dataflow of more complex PIC codes.
- A Python wrapper for using PICSAR optimized routines with Python-driven codes.


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Is there any way to concentrate the magnetic field of magnets like a bar magnet at a point?
Permeable (ferrous/ ferromagnetic) materials can guide magnetic flux to a point, but magnetism works better with area. The only way I can think of "concentrating" magnetic flux is to create a coil of wire with electricity flowing through it. Permanent magnets have a set flux strength. They will never get stronger (by themselves), but they could lose flux strength over time and under certain conditions.
No, if you had a universe with just one magnet in it, there would always be a magnetic field at every point in space no matter what you did.
Separate names with a comma.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Employee advocacy and employee engagement are both incredibly beneficial to any organization, but it's important to know the difference so you can leverage them properly.
Employee engagement is the act of people who work for your organization taking pride in their place of business, their job, and going above and beyond their daily responsibilities.
This is the difference between your top-performing employee and the one who just shows up for work to collect a check and leave. Employees who are fully engaged are absorbed in their work and enthusiastic about what they do. They believe in the greater purpose of their organization and they are passionate about being a part of it.
This is not the same as employee advocacy.
Employee advocacy is a method used to promote your brand and initiatives through people who work for your organization in an authentic and trusted way, typically on social media or other digital channels.
An employee advocacy program makes it easy for employees to share your brand's messages with their personal networks. This is not a new concept. Word-of-mouth has always been a popular marketing tool, but the nature of social media can lead to messages gaining incredibly far reach. At the same time, people tend to be cautious about saying the wrong thing on social media because they don't want to miss represent their brand.
How Employee Advocacy and Employee Engagement Work Together
Both employee advocacy and employee engagement strategies are great to initiate in your office, but one does not work without the other.
You can have employees who are passionate about what they do and take their work seriously, but they might not promote your initiatives if they don't know what to promote.
Conversely, if you have an employee advocacy program but your employees are not engaged in what they do or the message of the brand, the program won't be as successful as you'd like.
However, when you have both in place, you can promote your brand through social media amplification and hit your marketing goals.
How Employee Advocacy Helps Your Organization
No matter the size of your company or the industry you're in, employee advocacy has huge benefits for your brand.
Employee advocacy allows you to expand the reach of your brand on social media while communicating your message in an authentic and trusted way. This means your message is more likely to resonate with each person it reaches in your target audience.
Messages shared by employees reach more than 5x further than when shared by a brand account, according to the MSL Group.
5x further reach msl group
This is because people trust your message when it's shared by employees more than they trust it when it comes from your brand account. When your brand shares a message promoting itself, it's viewed the same as a paid advertisement. But when people share a message, there is no skepticism around it. People don't view it the way they do an ad.
People follow people they respect and trust. They view them as credible and insightful. That's why they are more receptive to their posts. Think about these reliable sources of information sharing your message. Employees who are willing to promote your initiatives are more likely to share your content and posts that your marketing team approves of. This is why an employee advocacy program can greatly help you.
So how can you get employees to participate in your employee advocacy program? You need them to buy in, believe in what you're doing, and be engaged.
How To Fuel Employee Engagement
There are some employees in your organization right now who mention your brand on social media. These are likely the same employees that you would consider 'highly engaged' members of your organization.
These are employees who already believe in what you're doing, are somewhat comfortable on social media, and want to promote your brand. What you want to do first is identify these people, focus your employee advocacy program on them, and then expand the program around them to other employees.
When you pitch your employee advocacy program to the other employees, you'll use this initial group of employees as an example. They'll be the advocates of your employee advocacy program, and the program's model citizens, allowing other employees to see how easy it is to participate in an employee advocacy program.
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You'll also be able to have these employees show off all the engagement they get on social media, how they've built up their own personal social media presence, and other employee benefits of employee advocacy. By communicating how easy it is to be involved and what employees personally gain from it, you'll draw more interest in your employee advocacy program.
Another way to draw interest is by using gamification with employee advocacy. When people outside of your program see what kind of acknowledgment and rewards people in the program receive, they'll want to take part in the program as well. It's another personal benefit they'll get out of the program outside of expanding their social media presence.
When people get involved in employee advocacy, they tend to get a better understanding of their company's initiatives, its priorities, and how they contribute to its overall mission. When that happens, people feel more connected to their brand and become more engaged to help the company.
You need employee engagement to have a successful employee advocacy program, but employee advocacy can help employees get engaged by getting more active and involved.
Employee engagement is a must-have in your organization. It means people in your company are passionate about your brand, what its mission is, and about their jobs. Combining this passion into an employee advocacy program is a marketing method that can't be beaten.
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About us Analytical Foundation
Analytical Foundation is a nonprofit organization (NGO) found for the purpose of:
1. Improving quality of life by offering YOGA Training courses,Education,Work shops/Seminarsetc.
2.Research & innovation awards:Quality life is possible by innovation only and the innovation is possible by research only. Hence ANALYTICAL FOUNDATION is committed to identify such research scientist across various field of science like agriculture, environment, new born screening, Bio-med, Yoga,Ayurveda. Identify and award yearly the quality control executives and research Scientists for their contributions across various field of science like Life science,Healthcare, pharmaceuticals,Bio-Technologies, Food safety, academic (Universities), Agriculture, Environment, new born screening,Bio-med, etc.
To promote Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation for enriching life.
To work for the child & Women health and Welfare.
To open and run the schools for the welfare and uplift of the needy children.
To organize awareness camps, health camps, workshops, campaigns and exhibitions.
To arrange and provide medical aid and other assistance necessary for the needy people who are incapable or handicapped or mentally/physically challenged and financially unfit.
The main aim of the trust would be to impart the practical and functional training of Ashtang Yog,Dhayan Yog Asan and Pranayam etc.as received from the ancient propounded by the Rishies and Munis to make an end of extreme sufferings to cure diseases and to receive a calm stage of mind and extreme happiness.
To Spread the teachings & thoughts of great leaders, philosophers, thinkers, reformer and saints and educate / encourage people to follow such thoughts.


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Via dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), we simulate the self-assembly of end-functionalized, amphiphilic nanotubes and lipids in a hydrophilic solvent. Each nanotube encompasses a hydrophobic stalk and two hydrophilic ends, which are functionalized with end-tethered chains. With a relatively low number of the nanotubes in solution, the components self-assemble into stable lipid-nanotube vesicles. As the number of nanotubes is increased, the system exhibits a vesicle-to-bicelle transition, resulting in stable hybrid bicelle. Moreover, our results reveal that the nanotubes cluster into distinct tripod-like structures within the vesicles and aggregate into a ring-like assembly within the bicelles. For both the vesicles and bicelles, the nanotubes assume trans-membrane orientations, with the tethered hairs extending into the surrounding solution or the encapsulated fluid. Thus, the hairs provide a means of regulating the transport of species through the self-assembled structures. Our findings provide guidelines for creating nanotube clusters with distinctive morphologies that might be difficult to achieve through more conventional means. The results also yield design rules for creating synthetic cell-like objects or microreactors that can exhibit biomimetic functionality.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Materials Science
- General Engineering
- General Physics and Astronomy
- end-functionalized nanotubes
- hybrid vesicle


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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework - 2010
1.14 Community Functioning
Why is it important?:A functioning is a state of being or doing that people have reason to value. Measuring functionings is an important supplement to the more traditional approach to the measurement of health and wellbeing. This measure seeks to describe, both in aggregate and as single measures, the level of key functionings Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have described as important to the quality of, and equality in, life. Life is multidimensional and it cannot easily or accurately be measured by reference to just one facet. Measures of functionings add value to health analyses by helping to frame more traditional, single issue measures in a quality of life construct defined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Health providers, planners and health and social policy interests need to know more than the level of sickness in a community if they are to work with communities and families to achieve a healthy life.
This measure can play a vital role in evaluating programs, initiatives and progress more generally. Single-issue measures are effective and appropriate in evalu-ating single issues. But for more complete analyses of life, single-issue measures may not be sufficient. For example, measures of morbidity alone can tell us about the level and perhaps type of disease in a population but they do not describe the very real and substantial difficulties that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities experience in trying to deal with ill health; they do not describe the context or ability of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to change the circumstances that have contributed to it. An Indigenous person might seek and obtain health care from a GP but if their power to control choices and options in respect of household income is low or if there is no appropriate storage for medications then treatment may be only a temporary fix. More complete measures are required based on the factors that impact on the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
As an example, while it is possible to estimate life expectancy at birth (measure 1.17), this provides a prospective measure of longevity rather than quality of life—it does not describe how relatively hard or easy that life will be. Will the individual be free or able to choose a career, be educated or adequately housed, or participate freely in cultural events? Will the individual be free or able to achieve the things in life that they believed were demonstrative of a fulfilling life? Measurement of functionings assists in understanding the quality of life.
Indigenous Australians have long sought health outcomes encompassing the physical, social, cultural and emotional elements of life. The cultural elements relate to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' ability to live proudly and freely as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, to achieve a state of being that is commensurate with their view of a culturally fulfilling life. Similarly, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have sought a quality of life where racism ceases to be a barrier. Racism can reduce access to adequate shelter; it can deter people from being able to go out in public without shame or fear and from accessing or deriving an equal benefit from a health service.
To develop a picture of quality of life from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' perspectives, workshops drawing together participants from across Australia were held in 2008 and 2010. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants at the workshops described the various achievements and objectives that they believed were necessary if Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' lives were to be fulfilling. The workshops identified a number of key themes and weighed these functionings according to their relative value. In 2010 there were six functionings identified by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants and these have been used to present available data. Each of these functionings is relevant to the ability of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities to achieve greater levels of family and individual development. If these functionings were improved then the potential for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and families to achieve better health and wellbeing would be improved. They would have greater capacity and freedom to be well.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants at the workshops indicated that the functionings used in this measure are important to the quality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family and community life. Participants were drawn from a number of jurisdictions and settings so the themes they identified appear to reflect widely held views among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Independently of these workshops a review of relevant research has supported the association between the functionings identified by the workshops and the achievement of health and wellbeing.
Findings:Connectedness to country, land, and history; culture and identity is a theme involving being engaged and communicative with family, country and spirit, which gives Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples a strong sense of identity. This identity is connected to being part of a collective in which sharing, giving and receiving, trust, love and looking out for others, supports strong and positive social networks with other Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Data items drawn from the 2002 and 2008 NATSISS show that the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who recognise their homelands has remained constant (70% and 72% respectively). Over the same period, the proportion of people who identified with a clan or language group has increased significantly, from 54% to 62%. Importantly, 89% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 'feel able to have a say with family and friends' some, most or all or the time.
Resilience is a theme involving the ability to cope well with difference and optimising what one has through engaging in decision-making, coping strategies and the ability to control choices and options. Examples of such options are challenging injustice and racism and proceeding in the external world without shame. Data from NATSISS 2008 show that the majority (98%) of children aged 5–14 years were regularly attending school; 80% of those aged 15 years and over agreed that their doctor could be trusted; and 69% agreed that the local school could be trusted. In addition, 89% of adults felt they were able to find general support from outside the household and 89% of adults had participated in sport, social or community activities in the three months prior to the survey.
Leadership was a theme valued highly by participants at the workshops. Leadership is used to describe strong vision and direction from Elders in family and community (both male and female) and strong role models who have time to listen and advise. Data items from NATSISS 2008 to describe this theme were limited to values for children: 42% of children aged 3–14 years had spent time with an Indigenous leader or Elder in the last week. For one in five children in secondary school (22%), encouragement from Elders and Council was considered to be a type of assistance that would help them complete Year 12. Additional data items which describe values of leadership would be useful in future social surveys.
Having a role, structure and routine is a theme encompassing being valued and acknowledged within family, community and society. This value is about knowing boundaries and culturally acceptable behaviours which support having a role for oneself and participating in paid and unpaid roles using capabilities and skills from non-formal education. In the 12 months prior to the 2008 survey, 78% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians had lived in one dwelling— suggesting stability in housing and routine. Informal learning activities were undertaken with most children aged 0–14 years (94%). Most children in this age group (71%) also cleaned their teeth at least once per day.
Feeling safe is a theme encompassing relationships that can sustain disagreement, cultural competency, emotional security, and safe places where there is no physical or lateral violence. Data from 2008 NATSISS show that 81% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 2–14 years were not bullied or treated unfairly at school because of their Indigeneity. In addition, 75% of those aged 15 years and over had not experienced violence in the last 12 months. In the five years prior to the survey, 97% of Indigenous Australians had not been incarcerated (91% have never been incarcerated in their lifetime).
The final theme, Vitality covers community infrastructure, access to services, education, health, income and employment. NATSISS 2008 data show that half of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults had no disability or long-term health condition and 68% experienced low/moderate levels of psychological distress. There was no smoking inside the house in the majority of households (70%). The majority of children aged 0–14 years did not have problems sleeping (76%) and 74% of children aged 4–14 years spent at least 60 minutes every day being physically active. Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are seeking to improve their knowledge, skills and qualifications, with 33% of those aged 15 years and over intending to study in the future. Education was the main purpose of Internet use for children (54%), while overall 30% reported using the Internet for education or study.
Implications:Community functioning for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples should be assessed within a framework that reflects the values of Indigenous Australians themselves. Community functioning scores present a national quantitative measure of functioning and suggest differences between remoteness, sex, age groups, and states and territories. Policy makers need to listen carefully to the voices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples themselves when assessing community functioning and the approaches that will enhance functioning.
Figure 37 – Community functioning score by remoteness, proportions, Indigenous Australians aged 0–14 years, Australia 2008
Source: ABS and AIHW analysis of NATSISS 2008
Text description of figure 37 (TXT 1

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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OriginThe Nelore is of the species Bos indicus (Zebu), and has great dissimilarities to breeds of the Bos taurus (European) species, like the Angus, Hereford, Charolais and others. Their most distinctive characteristic is the presence of a prominent "hump" behind their neck, but there are many other fundamental differences between the Nelore and the European breeds.
There has never existed in India a breed called Nelore. This name corresponds to a district of the old Presidency of Madrás, now belonging to the new State of Andra, by the Bengal Sea. It was in Brazil that some authors started to use the name Nellore as a synonym to Ongole, the Indian breed that contributed most to the creation of the Nelore. The history of the Ongole dates back 2,000 years before Christian times. It was the Aryan people that brought the ancestors of the Nelore to India, where they were submitted to extreme weather conditions. The arid lands of Belushistan, the cold winters of Punjab, the alluvial lands of Ganges and the torrid lands by the Bengal sea provided the Ongole breed with the adaptation genes that are now favorably expressed in the modern Nelore.
Brazil has become the largest breeder of Nelore, and from there the breed was exported to Argentina, Paraguay, Venezuela, Central America, Mexico, United States and many other countries. In all those places, the contribution of the Nelore was remarkable, whether through purebred selection within the breed or through crosses with local breeds, many times of European origin.
The Nelore was first acknowledged in Brazil in 1868, when a ship on its way to England carrying two Ongoles stopped in Salvador, Bahia, and the animals were there sold. Ten years later, a breeder from Rio de Janeiro, named Manoel Ubelhart Lemgruber, bought another couple from the Hamburg Zoo in Germany. Then the Nelore breed expanded gradually, first in Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, then in Minas Gerais, having reached Uberaba in 1875.
The creation of the Nelore Herd Book and the definition of the breed standards in Uberaba, 1938, was of great relevance in the formation of the Nelore. In 1960, 20 animals were imported, and in 1962, the last and most relevant purchase of live animals from India authorized by the Brazilian Government, 84 Ongoles were imported. These became founders of important breeding lines like Godahvari, Karvadi and Taj Mahal, and were decisive to the great expansion of the Brazilian herd in the last 30 years, going from 56 million in 1965 to 160 million in 1995, 100 million of which are Nelore.
Distinguishing CharacteristicsIt is said that there is no ideal breed, and that every breed has strong points and none is better for all important economic traits, the Nelore is certainly the best alternative for economic beef production in the tropics, which are responsible for 65% of the world's bovine population.
- Hardiness. The main advantage that the Nelore has over other breeds of beef cattle is its hardiness. Calves are alert, with an active behavior, standing up and suckling soon after they are born, without any need for constant human intervention. The Nelore has notable physical strength and is unexcelled in its ability to thrive under harsh climatic, nutritional and sanitary conditions, frequent in the tropics. Because of their hardiness and rustling ability, Nelores surpass all other breeds under conditions of poor range and drought.
- Heat and Insect Resistance. The Nelore has a loose skin with sweat glands that are twice as big and 30% more numerous than those of the European breeds. The Nelore's black skin, covered by a white or light gray coat helps filtering and reflecting harmful sun rays. Its low level of metabolism also contributes to heat resistance, as the Nelore feeds less but often, generating less internal heat. Nelores possess natural resistance to various insects, as its skin has a dense texture, making it difficult for blood sucking insects to penetrate. Nelores also have a well developed subcutaneous muscle layer which enables them to remove insects simply by shaking their coat.
- Metabolic Efficiency. The Nelore can efficiently convert poor quality forages into beef, and withstand long periods without water. Due to their habit of feeding lightly but frequently, Nelore and Nelore hybrid cattle are highly resistant to bloating, and death losses rarely occur from this cause. Excellent feed conversion ratio and good disposition allow the Nelore to be early finished in feedlots, with highly positive results.
- Meat Quality. While the beef of some breeds have excessive marbling, or intra-muscular fat, beef from Nelore cattle have enough fat to be highly palatable. The Nelore matches the recent shift in the beef industry towards a low calorie, leaner meat diet, without compromising taste. This was demonstrated at the 1991 Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, when a purebred Nelore steer won the "Best Overall in Taste" contest, competing against dozens of hybrid and European steers.
- Reproductive Efficiency. Nelores have long, deep bodies with clear underlines, keeping vulnerable parts out of the way of infection. Cows have small udders and short teats, while bulls' sheaths are also short. These characteristics contribute to the breed's reproductive efficiency. Nelore dams have a long and prolific reproductive life, pronounced mothering ability, and plenty of milk for their calves. The Nelore cows calve very easily due to their greater frame, wide pelvic opening and larger birth canal, which reduces the incidence of distocia.
- Maternal Instinct and Disposition. Nelore dams have highly developed maternal instinct throughout the whole milking period, which is of great importance for extensive breeding systems. They lick their newborn, put them to suckle and look for a safe place to hide them from predators. The active and vivid disposition of the Nelore is largely responsible for their unusual thriftiness, hardiness and adaptability to a wide range of feed and climate. Nelores like affection and quickly respond to kind handling methods, becoming extremely docile.
SelectionA lot of genetic variation exists among all breeds, and the selection within a breed is almost as important as the choice of the breed itself. Generation after generation, during thousands of years favoring the survival of the strongest and better prepared to withstand the intense heat, the lack of forages, the prolonged dry season and the many diseases has shaped anatomically and physiologically the ancestors of the modern Nelore with a common denominator: hardiness, fertility and longevity.
Once in Brazil, this natural selection base was then managed and redirected for beef production. The result was encouraging. In a few decades, the Brazilian Nelore became an impressive biotype in terms of uniformity, conformation and quality, still preserving the attributes of hardiness and vivid disposition. Once the ethnic purity was consolidated, the Brazilian Nelore breeders have been selected for body size and muscular development, as well as skeletal soundness.
Each and every registered Nelore sire is the outcome of a complex process of selection. Breeders receive assistance from a nationwide association, the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu or ABCZ. Birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, scrotal circumference, are some of the traits measured. Research centers and universities calculate EPDs (Expected Progeny Difference) through complex mathematical models and powerful super-computers, making the results available to breeders to support their selection decisions.
Genetics and BreedingToday, the number of purebred registered Nelore is above 5 million. The challenge faced by selection is to multiply the genetic gains to a much larger population. To multiply the genetic potential of Nelore sires, Artificial Insemination is being used in large scale since the 60's. Sales of Nelore semen represent 65% of the AI market of all beef breeds in Brazil. The leading Nelore sire there produced and sold 34,000 straws of semen in 1995, followed by another Nelore that sold 30,000, which means that both sires must have bred more than 20,000 cows.
Effort is also being made to multiply the genetic potential of Nelore dams through the use of embryo transfer. With more than 50,000 embryos transferred per year, a great part of which are Nelores, Brazil is already the 3rd country in this technology, after the United States and France. Work is also well under way with frozen embryos, embryo splitting and In Vitro Fertilization of Nelores.
The Polled NeloreThere is a worldwide tendency for the elimination of horns in all cattle breeds through the use of naturally polled animals. The advent of the Polled Nelore, some 50 years ago, has presented the beef cattle industry with an option to avoid the mechanical removal of horns, a common practice, especially in feedlots. This dehorning method is expensive, time consuming and painful for the animal, causing stress and weight loss, besides exposing the steers to various infections. If horns were necessary for defense purpose in a wild environment, today a naturally polled animal brings many advantages.
Management of polled herds is easy and friendly, as herds are more homogeneous and it is possible to gather more animals at one time in the corral or in a truck for transportation. The polled Nelore also presents less injuries from fights, preserving their coats for the leather industry. As a result of these advantages, the number of genetically polled steers in commercial herds is rapidly increasing.
Since


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Living Bird Magazine
Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds.Try Merlin Bird ID
The male Ring-necked Duck is a sharply marked bird of gleaming black, gray, and white. Females are rich brown with a delicate face pattern. At distance, look for this species' distinctive, peaked head to help you identify it. Even though this species dives for its food, you can find it in shallow wetlands such as beaver swamps, ponds, and bays. Of all the diving duck species, the Ring-necked Duck is most likely to drop into small ponds during migration.More ID Info
You can find Ring-necked Ducks in fairly small, shallow wetlands. They breed mainly across far northern North America, so check the range map and look for them during migration and in winter, when they can form large flocks. Don't look for a ring around the neck—it's really hard to see. Look instead for the bird's peaked head shape, white ring around the bill, and white patch just in front of the gray flanks.


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- a simple hand puppet made from a sock.；a person whose actions are controlled by another
noun: sock puppet, plural noun: sock puppets
- 1. a simple hand puppet made from a sock.
- ▪ a person whose actions are controlled by another a brainless sock puppet who only knows what to say because his handlers feed him his lines
- 2. a false online identity, typically created by a person or group in order to promote their own opinions or views both sides in the debate use sock puppets to make it seem as if scores of people are arguing a point


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Review, The Wild Vine: A Forgotten Grape and the Untold Story of American Wine
Author Todd Kliman's history of the American grape, Norton's Virginia Seedling, starts off in an almost sultry manner as he teases the reader by veiling his intent. What begins to look like an unhealthy promotion of a single vineyard, Chrysalis, breaks the bonds of being a wine book and launches into the story of an American epic, a battle against nature and God: the stuff of Manifest Destiny as fought by American outsiders.


Tinderbox Forum
How does one edit a Ziplink in a note?
I'm just learning how to use Ziplinks, but am running into a couple of frustrating problems:
 1. How do you edit a Ziplink that's in the text of a note?
 2. I'm trying to use "::" to append text to a new note created by a Ziplink, but when I open up the newly-created note, the $Text is empty.
Any help is greatly appreciated!
Option-click to put the insertion point inside a link. Or use the arrow keys. Clicking a link in the normal way follows a link.
[[foo::bar]] should make a note name foo with a text "bar". It does for me! If it doesn't for you, contact support _EMAIL_ with the details.
Just for clarity this is a once-only thing that only and option when creating a ziplink. The result of using the ziplink notation is a normal Tinderbox text link. At this point, i.e. after using a ziplink if you want to add target text, navigate to the note and add the $Text there.
IOW, ziplinks describes a notation for rapid note creation/configuration rather than the link it then creates.
Thanks for the assist Mark.
I guess my editing question is: how can I open up an existing (blue) Ziplink so that I can see the brackets and any other operators, etc.? Option-click seems to only put me within the blue word/words, but doesn't reveal the underlying information…
You can't. The ziplink isn't "wrapped up". It's a shortcut for making a textlink in the usual way.
I think we are describing different things. I wasn't referring to syntax used within a ziplink during creation but the fact a new user might assume that having used a ziplink that they could return to the note later and edit the (now-text) link there assuming it had special (ziplink) properties.
Mark, Paul -
My question is about the syntax used within a Ziplink and if it's possible to 're-access' that syntax after the Ziplink has been created…but my understanding is that's not possible.
Correct. I can see this ambiguity and have made a mental note to add this to the documentation.
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If I'm understanding correctly, let's say that I have a Ziplink [[foo::bar]] in the text of a note. I cannot edit that Ziplink to change it to [[foo|strong::bar]], rather as you point out, I would have to create a different/new Ziplink?
Thanks Mark. I really like Paul's post (in a different topic) about creating reading notes with Ziplinks. Really useful functionality. I'll keep at it.
Ignore my post; I deleted it. It's not relevant to this topic.
The idea of Ziplinks is that they're evaluated when you make them, and then they boom regular, first-class, normal Tinderbox links.
In this very specific case, where you want to change the anchor text for a correct link, you can make this change, but it doesn't have anything to do with ziplinks. To change the anchor text "foo" to "strong" you move the cursor to the blue link text "foo" and edit it like normal text to say "strong." This kind of editing of anchor text is possible for all Tinderbox links.
On a practical level, when I'm doing this, I usually start somewhere in the middle of the blue text, type what I want the new link anchor to be and then delete the extra text before and after what I've typed because I find it easier to manage. That's not necessary though. You can do it however makes sense for you.
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^^^ Yes, this is exactly my approach as there's no method/UI (lest people assume otherwise) for editing anchor text. If we select the whole link and then type we are assuming the app can tell we are editing the anchor rather than replacing the anchor and link with something else. Now we have ziplinks deleting and starting over is more of an option. But, if doing that do make sure beforehand that you know to where the original link was pointed.
I've added this paragraph to the existing aTbRef article on ziplinks:
Note that ziplinks are a keyboard-centric method, albeit enhanced, of creating normal text links with normal link anchor text. Once the link is generated, the link anchor is no different from any other text link anchor, i.e. ziplinks do not create a special type of anchor text.
I'm open to a better wording. I can see that if not told otherwise a new user may simply assume ziplinks create some special type of anchor allowing re-use of the enhanced facilities (because no one told them otherwise!). I hope the above addresses that false assumption.
That makes sense to me!
1 Like


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Aboriginal Politics and the Canadian State
This course examines the dynamic impact that Aboriginal peoples have had on the Canadian polity. It focuses on the extent to which the Canadian state has and can accommodate the political, economic, social, and cultural aspirations of Aboriginal peoples. Topics may include self-government, self-determination, land claims, economic development, urban Aboriginal peoples, Métis, the law and the courts, globalization, Aboriginal philosophy and methodology.
Additional Course Information
- Registration status: Year 3 or Year 4 Political Science.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Its nice when games have riddles hidden in them. While playing TES:Arena, I came across an unusual logical puzzle: There are 3 cells.
If Cell 3 holds worthless brass, Cell 2 holds the gold key.
If Cell 1 holds the gold key, Cell 3 holds worthless brass.
If Cell 2 holds worthless brass, Cell 1 holds the gold key.
Knowing this brave fool, and knowing that all that is said cannot be true, which cell contains the gold key?
The correct answer is Cell 2 as suggested by the game. I wanted to know how one could logically arrive at the result. Could anyone help me with this?
What I tried: I negated all the above statements. The first implication became Cell 3 holds worthless brass AND Cell 2 does not have gold key. But if this is true, then cell 2 does not have the gold key and the result is incorrect. Hence I had this doubt.
PS: Choosing the wrong door causes man eating spiders to be released.
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Does each cell necessarily contain either worthless brass or a gold key? – Sp3000 Dec 20 '12 at 12:55
Although not stated in game, there is only ONE cell with a gold key. The other cells may/may not have brass. – Gautam Shenoy Dec 20 '12 at 12:57
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4 Answers
If you label the conditions a-c, and if the gold key exists and is unique, it is enough to show that not in 2 leads to a contradiction. But 'key not in 2' leads to 'key in 2' (so a contradiction), as follows:
By (c), not in 2 implies in 1. By (b) then, not in 3. By (a) then, key is in 2. Contradiction.
To be safe, you can check if the game makers messed up:
As 'key in 1' is a sub chain of the above, it also leads to 'key in 2'. Contradiction.
Similarly, 'key in 3' means by uniqueness that 2 holds brass, which, by (c), implies 1 holds the key. Contradiction.
Finally note that if the key is in 2, it doesn't lead to any contradictions. So game is correct.
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Cell 2 cannot hold worthless brass, and cell 1 cannot have the gold key.
If a cell can have neither brass nor key, then that is the limit of what you can conclude. For example, your conditions are consistent with cell 3 having the key and there being nothing in the other cells.
But if every cell contains either brass or key, then you know cell 2 has the key. You can prove that by assuming cell 2 did not have the key, and hence had worthless brass. That implies that cell 1 has the key, which implies cell 3 has worthless brass which implies that cell 2 has the key. Contradiction.
However, if that additional condition were part of the problem, then your middle condition would be redundant.
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Sorry to be contrary, but I believe you need 2 assumptions for there to be a unique solution. First, that all 3 statements are indeed true. If we allow that one or more of those statements doesn't hold, the whole thing falls apart.
Second, that each cell contains either brass or the key. No empty cells. If you disagree, try looking at these 2 solutions:
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Key, Cell 3 = Empty
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Empty, Cell 3 = Key
None of the 3 statements apply to either of these, so they're both possible valid solutions and you're left to guess and hope the spiders don't eat your face.
Now, you can brute force your way through by listing all possible solutions and checking which are valid under the given statements. In this case there aren't many possible choices, so that approach is not too bad. However, I'm assuming you're looking for a bit deeper insight, so I'll walk through a technique that can sometimes provide a quicker route to the answer, especially in more complex puzzles.
Since all the implications are one way (they are "if", not "if and only if"), one approach is to start by assuming a condition from the left side of a statement and trace the implications through all the statements to look for inconsistencies.
Just going in order, let's assume first that Cell 3 holds brass. Then by statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since we're assuming key or brass in each and only one key, then Cell 1 would have to be brass. Given that, neither of the last 2 statements apply, so this solution is possible with no contradictions. Let's continue and check the others to be sure we have the only possible valid solution.
Looking at statement 2, let's assume now that Cell 1 holds the key. By statement 2, Cell 3 holds brass. By statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since only 1 cell can hold the key, this is a contradiction. Therefore our original assumption is false, so Cell 1 does not hold the key.
Lastly, look at the third statement. If we assume Cell 2 holds brass, then Cell 1 holds the key. But we already know by our last reasoning that if Cell 1 holds the key we end up with a contradiction. So our assumption here is false, and Cell 2 does not hold brass.
Since Cell 2 cannot hold brass, it must hold the key.
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If you take "not all that is said is true" to mean that at least one statement is false, you can go through negating them and see where it leads. If the first statement is false, you have 3 holds brass and 2 does not hold the gold key. Given that there is a gold key, it must be behind door 1. Then the second and third statements would be true, but we still don't know whether cell 2 holds brass.
If the second statement is false, cell 1 has gold and 3 does not have brass (so is empty). The first and third sentences are then true and we again know nothing about cell 2.
If the third statement is false, 2 holds brass and 1 does not have gold, so it must be cell 3 that has gold. The other two are then true and we don't know what 1 holds.
Since we didn't reach a contradiction from any of these, we can't choose between them. I would downvote the puzzle creator. However, if you ignore the "not all that is said is true" and believe them all, gnometorule has shown how to get there.
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text:
Jumping is used in many sports for different purposes. In each sport, the jump is performed in a way that enhances the purpose of the jump, such as:
- High jumpers perform a backward roll over the bar, to gain the greatest height (which works because they have a cushioned landing area).
- Long jumpers extend their arms legs in front of their body, to reach out and gain the greatest distance (which works because they have a cushioned landing area).
- Hurdlers use an extended scissor action of the legs to clear the hurdle, gain height, and set themselves up for the next hurdle (which works because they know what is on the other side of each hurdle).
No matter the sport, the primary purpose of a jump is to raise the body to higher altitude (except with jump off or into something, such as jumping off a diving board or parachuting from an aircraft, where the purpose is to lose altitude). A secondary purpose may be to move the body quickly over a distance, such as jumping out the way of a foil in fencing. Martial arts jumps share these purposes but they have two important variables to deal with—an opponent that wants to harm them and unfamiliar terrain. This means that during a martial arts jump, the jumper must remain stable, be able to defend him or herself during the jump, be prepared for an unknown landing areas, and land in way that permits further offensive or defensive actions if needed.
- Next >>


text:
The following text is for questions 5 to 7.
Beef rendang is one of the original cuisines of Minangkabau descent and Sumatra's culture.
It is served at special occasions to honor guests and during festive seasons. It is a delicious Indonesian dish prepared with a myriad of herbs and spices cooking for a few hours until all the liquids have been completely absorbed by the meat. Beef rendang is best eaten with steamed rice and condiments such as fried onions and chili pieces.
There are two types of beef rendang, i.e. dried and moist. According to Minangkabau (hence the name Minang rendang) tradition, their authentic beef rendang should be dry. Beef rendang is carefully stirred, simmered and cooked for three to four hours until the coconut milk has totally evaporated and the meat has absorbed the flavor of the herbs and spices. Dried rendang can be stored at room temperature for three to four weeks. It can even last up to six months if frozen.
Moist beef rendang is cooked for a much shorter time than dried beef rendang. The cooking process ends when the coconut milk becomes a thick gravy of the rendang. Moist rendang is more popular in neighboring countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and southern Thailand. One exception is rendang Tok found in the state of Perak, Malaysia, which is dry. Most rendang served in western countries is moist rendang.
5. What is the text about?
A. An Indonesian traditional beverage
B. Indonesian traditional food
C. Dried beef rendang
D. Moist beef rendang
"B. Indonesian traditional food".
Soal menanyakan inti dari teks tersebut.
Tentang apakah naskah tersebut?
A. minuman tradisional Indonesia
B. makanan tradisional Indonesia
C. Rendang daging sapi kering
D. Rendang daging sapi basah
Teks tersebut membahas tentang makanan tradisional Indonesia yaitu rendang.
Dijawab Oleh : Kunjaw


text: Book DescriptionCustomer Relationship Management: A Databased Approach offers the promise of maximized profits for today's highly competitive businesses. This innovative book provides readers with the tools and techniques to effectively use CRM. It emphasizes the utilization of database marketing in order to build strong and profitable customer relationships. Kumar first describes how to implement database marketing and then looks at recent advances in CRM applications. Critical marketing issues like optimum resource allocation, purchase sequence, and the link between acquisition, retentions, and profitability are also examined on the basis of empirical findings.


text:
A Review of Team Psychological Capital Research
Download as PDF
Suqin Shen, and Hui Tian
Team psychological capital reflects the consistency level of individual psychological capital. It is a collective positive psychological state formed by team members in coordination and interaction, and a collection of positive psychological capabilities that promote team development. This paper defines the connotation of team psychological capital through the study of related literature, and introduces the structure of team psychological capital: common vision, team effectiveness, team resilience, team optimism, and team belonging. Three measurement methods of team psychological capital are proposed: individual psychological capital sum method, individual evaluation average method, and overall discussion method. On this basis, this paper analyzes the antecedent and outcome variables of team psychological capital from the level of individual variables and organizational variables. Based on the theory of social infection and cognitive convergence, the formation mechanism of team psychological capital is analyzed, and the development and management measures of team psychological capital are finally put forward.
Psychological capital, Team, Competitive advantage


text:
Fast Path Decimal to Floating-Point Conversion
Copyright © 2008-2014 Exploring Binary
In general, to convert an arbitrary decimal number into a binary floating-point number, arbitrary-precision arithmetic is required. However, a subset of decimal numbers can be converted correctly with just ordinary limited-precision IEEE floating-point arithmetic, taking what I call the fast path to conversion. Fast path conversion is an optimization used in practice: it's in David Gay's strtod() function and in Java's FloatingDecimal class. I will explain how fast path conversion works, and describe the set of numbers that qualify for it.
An Unnormalized Form of Decimal Scientific Notation
Any number can be expressed in decimal scientific notation, a form where it is written as a product of its significant digits and a power of ten. Conventionally, the significant digits are expressed in normalized form, where the first digit is between 1 and 9, and any subsequent digits follow a decimal point. For example, 0.0926 would be written as 9.26 x 10-2, and 7390 would be written as 7.390 x 103.
In the context of decimal to floating-point conversion, a nonstandard, unnormalized form of scientific notation is used, where the significant digits are written as an integer. For example, 0.0926 would be written as 926 x 10-4, and 7390 would be written as 739 x 101.
In this unnormalized form, there are two cases: one where the integer containing the significant digits is multiplied by a nonnegative power of ten, and one where it's multiplied by a negative power of ten. It's convenient to think of the latter case as a fraction, where the significant digits integer is divided by the corresponding positive power of ten. For example, 926 x 10-4 equals 926/104. These two cases — multiplication or division of an integer by a power of ten that is an integer — form the basis of fast path conversion.
The Fast Path
For the fast path conversion process, we take a decimal number, represented as a string, and convert it to the nearest IEEE double-precision binary floating-point number. You can view this process as having two main steps. In the first step, floating-point integers s and p are created: s represents the significant digits of the decimal number (positive or negative), and p represents the corresponding nonnegative power of ten. In the second step, an IEEE floating-point multiplication or division (the fmul or fdiv instruction on Intel processors) operates on s and p, producing the desired double-precision result.
This process is guaranteed to work only when s and p are exactly representable in double-precision; this happens when their binary representations have no 1 bits beyond bit 53. The values of p that meet this criteria are 100 ≤ p ≤ 1022. The values of s that meet this criteria are, by definition, all floating-point integers. (Think of it this way: Take any floating-point integer and print all the digits of its decimal equivalent — that would be a valid value for s. For example, 52882540679000003517910258026656900519026609372478984461456769024, which is the floating-point integer 0x1.0119c58f25bc6p+215.)
Practically speaking, there is no simple test to check all the valid values of s. But there is a simple test that identifies a subset of its values, 0 ≤ s ≤ 253 – 1 = 9,007,199,254,740,991. I will consider only these 253 values as fast path cases.
This process relies implicitly on two things — that base conversion between integers is exact, and that IEEE multiplication and division produce correctly rounded results. Under these conditions, a maximum of one rounding is done; the result is a correctly rounded decimal to floating-point conversion.
Regarding the power of ten, it can be looked up in a table, or it can be computed. If it's computed — say naively by repeated multiplication by ten — it will be done exactly. Also, if p = 1, a further optimization applies — the multiplication can be skipped.
Here are some examples that qualify for fast path conversion:
|Decimal Literal||s||p||Mult or Div?|
Fast Path Cases In Disguise
There is another set of decimal numbers that can be transformed easily into fast path multiplication cases: numbers with a p greater than 1022 but with an s that can be multiplied by those excess powers of ten and still remain exact. For example, take the number 123e34. As written, it has s = 123 and p = 1034; p is too big. However, if you treat it as 123000000000000e22, it qualifies as a fast path case. You transform it by multiplying s by 1012 and by using a p that's 12 orders of magnitude smaller. In other words, if you can transfer the extra powers of ten to the significant digits, you have a fast path case.
The Fast Path in David Gay's strtod()
David Gay's strtod() function implements a fast path for significant digits 0 ≤ s ≤ 1015 – 1 = 999,999,999,999,999 and powers of ten 100 ≤ p ≤ 1022 (the powers of ten are precomputed and stored in a table). It also handles the "disguised" fast path cases, up to the same 15-digit limit.
Why is strtod()'s fast path limited to 15 digits? My guess is because that was the easiest check to make; all integers of 15 digits or less are exact. But what about the remaining fast path cases? At a minimum, we could easily allow any s up to 8,999,999,999,999,999 — an eightfold increase in the number of fast path cases. All we'd need to do is add a check for "number of digits = 16 and first digit ≤ 8."
To cover the remaining cases, we could convert the entire 16-digit string to a double and then check whether its value is less than or equal to 253 – 1. The code currently converts the significant digits to a double anyhow, so why not use it for an additional fast path test? In fact, why not check the double value exclusively, skipping testing of the string altogether?
I have a note out to Dave Gay asking him these questions; I'll update this article if he responds. Update: Dave Gay agrees that the change to check for 16 digits/first digit ≤ 8 would work and would be simple enough, but he's not sure if it is worth making.)
The Fast Path in Java's FloatingDecimal Class
Java does its decimal to floating-point conversion in the doubleValue() method of its FloatingDecimal class. It is modeled on David Gay's strtod(), and covers the exact set of fast path cases.
Fast Path Vs. the Arbitrary-Precision Integer Algorithm
Fast path conversion is simple because most of the work is done in IEEE floating-point. Contrast this with the arbitrary-precision integer conversion algorithm, which
- Scales the fraction to make rounding of the significand easier.
- Normalizes the result.
- Encodes the result in IEEE floating-point format.
In IEEE floating-point, scaling is unnecessary; correct rounding is handled automatically. Also, there is no need for explicit normalization, nor any need to encode the result — it's already encoded! Additionally, IEEE floating-point handles the edge case, where the significand would otherwise round up to 253.
The fast path reduces decimal to floating-point conversion to this: parsing of the decimal string, creation of two binary floating-point integers to represent it, and delegation of the hard work to a single floating-point instruction.
Processor Rounding Mode
Because the fast path algorithm uses IEEE arithmetic, it will be sensitive to the processor rounding mode. Typically, the rounding mode is set to round-to-nearest, but it could be set to one of three other modes. A conversion routine must ensure that both its fast path and arbitrary-precision path round the same way.


German Dharmaduta Society (in Sri Lanka)
Founded in 1952 by Asoka Weeraratna to propagate Buddhism and establish the Buddha Sasana in Germany and other Western countries, like Arahant Mahinda did it in Sri Lanka 2300 years ago. The GDS sponsored the first Buddhist Mission to Germany in 1957, and continues to send monks to reside and conduct Dharmaduta work at the Berlin Buddhist Vihara in Germany. The GDS administers the Berlin Vihara which was founded in 1957 by Asoka Weeraratna ( later known as Mitirigala Dhammanisanthi Thero ).


text:
The EXISTS predicate evaluates to TRUE providing the subquery contains any rows, otherwise it evaluates to FALSE. NOT EXISTS works the same as EXISTS being satisfied if no rows are returnable by the subquery. This predicate does not evaluate to UNKNOWN.
As in our case, the EXISTS predicate is generally used with correlated subqueries. That subquery type has an outer reference to the value in the main query. The subquery result may be dependent on this value and must be separately evaluated for each row of the query that includes the subquery. Because of this, the EXISTS predicate may have different values for each row of the main query.
Find those laptop makers who also produce printers:
The printer makers are retrieved by the subquery and compared with the maker returned from the main query. The main query returns the laptop makers. So, for each laptop maker it is checked that the subquery returns any rows (i.e. this maker also produces printers). Because the two queries in the WHERE clause must simultaneously be satisfied (AND), the result set includes only wanted rows. The DISTINCT keyword is used to make sure each maker is in the returned data only once. As a result, we get:
Find those laptop makers who do not produce printers:
Here, it is sufficient to replace EXISTS in the previous example with NOT EXISTS. So, the returned data includes only those main query rows, for which the subquery return no rows. As a result we get:


text:
Stranded Polar Bear Floats Down London's Thames
A very large polar bear was spotted traveling down the River Thames, under the Tower Bridge and past Parliament in London today.
Lifelike as it seemed, the 1.5-ton structure -- built by 15 artists in 18 days -- floated down the river to raise awareness of the melting ice caps and the larger picture… climate change (see video below).
The melting of the ice caps threatens polar bear's lives because their habitat is literally disappearing. The 2 billion people depending on glacial meltwater for irrigation and drinking are also faced with serious consequences.
This 16-foot-high sculpture of a mother and cub holding on to life was commissioned by Eden, a new digital television channel featuring natural history programs. Wildlife broadcaster Sir David Attenborough, narrator of series including Life on Earth and Fragile Earth, said the display spreads the message that our environment is currently unbalanced and events like the polar bears extinction will have extreme repercussions.
Watch a video of the polar bear sculpture on the Thames below:


text:
Helper for you to write cheque in English, Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese
Background: Writing cheque needs wording in order to prevent other people to change the number. However, someone may have difficulty on remembering either English or Chinese.
Objective: To have a software to help users to write cheque. It will translate the number to be wording (English or Chinese)
Converting number to English description
Converting number to simplified chinese description
Converting number to traditional chinese description


What is the difference between an AUV and an ROV?
An AUV operates independently from the ship and has no connecting cables, whereas ROVs are connected to an operator on the ship.
VIDEO: What's the difference between an AUV and an ROV? Here's what you need to know in one minute. Transcript
AUV stands for autonomous underwater vehicle and is commonly known as uncrewed underwater vehicle. AUVs can be used for underwater survey missions such as detecting and mapping submerged wrecks, rocks, and obstructions that can be a hazard to navigation for commercial and recreational vessels.
An AUV conducts its survey mission without operator intervention. When a mission is complete, the AUV will return to a pre-programmed location where the data can be downloaded and processed.
A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is an unoccupied underwater robot that is connected to a ship by a series of cables. These cables transmit command and control signals between the operator and the ROV, allowing remote navigation of the vehicle. An ROV may include a video camera, lights, sonar systems, and an articulating arm. The articulating arm is used for retrieving small objects, cutting lines, or attaching lifting hooks to larger objects.
While there are many uses for ROVs, some of the most common hydrographic applications include object identification (for submerged navigation hazards) and vessel hull inspections. An ROV is not intended to be a replacement for hydrographic diver investigations, but could serve as a substitute if divers are not available or diver safety is in question.
Video Transcript
Here are two uncrewed ocean explorers. Can you spot the difference between the two? One, an AUV or Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, explores ocean depths without any attached cables. Researchers drop an AUV in the ocean pick it up at a pre-selected position. Like an AUV, a Remotely Operated Vehicle is unmanned. The difference is that an ROV is connected to a ship by cables. A person on the ship "drives" it around. ROVs are often used when diving by humans is either impractical or dangerous, such as working in deep water or investigating submerged hazards. ROVs and AUVs carry equipment like video cameras, lights, robotic arms to grab things. By going where humans can't go, these underwater robots help us safely study the ocean.
Error processing SSI file


text:
When you open Microsoft Dynamics CRM or Microsoft Dynamics CRM for Microsoft Office Outlook, you are prompted for your user name and password.
This issue occurs when one of the following conditions is true:
- The Prompt for user name and password option is enabled in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
- Your computer is running, and the user name and the password for the Microsoft CRM Web site is stored on your computer.
- Members of the Domain Users group do not have access to the C:\Windows\Temp folder on the Microsoft CRM server.
- The Microsoft CRM Web site is not added to the list of local intranet sites in Internet Explorer.
- The Integrated Windows Authentication check box is not selected in Internet Explorer.
- You are using a proxy server for the LAN settings in Internet Explorer.
To resolve this issue, use one of the following methods:
Modify the security settings in Internet Explorer
To modify the security settings in Internet Explorer, follow these steps:
- Start Internet Explorer.
- Click Tools, click Internet Options, and then click the Security tab.
- If your computer is connected to the Internet, click Internet, and then click Custom Level.
If your computer is connected only to a local intranet, click Local Intranet, and then click Custom Level.
- In the Security Settings dialog box, make sure that Automatic logon with current username and password is enabled under User Authentication.
- Click OK two times.


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How do I find the time difference between two datetime objects in ASP.NET?
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7 Answers
up vote 40 down vote accepted
The following example demonstrates how to do this:
DateTime a = new DateTime(2010, 05, 12, 13, 15, 00);
DateTime b = new DateTime(2010, 05, 12, 13, 45, 00);
When executed this prints "30" since there is a 30 minute difference between the date/times.
The result of DateTime.Subtract(DateTime x) is a Timespan object which gives other useful properties.
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You want TotalMinutes, not Minutes - the latter returns the minute component of the TimeSpan, e.g. 10 in 1:10:32 – Ben M May 12 '10 at 17:13
this is what i want – MarsMan May 12 '10 at 17:19
To display the difference, do something like this:Console.WriteLine((a - b).ToString(@"hh\:mm\:ss")). See: MSDN Custom TimeSpan Format – ishmael Nov 5 '12 at 20:07
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You want the TimeSpan struct:
TimeSpan diff = dateTime1 - dateTime2;
There are various methods for getting the days, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds back from this structure.
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What you need is to use the DateTime classs Subtract method, which returns a TimeSpan.
var dateOne = DateTime.Now;
var dateTwo = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-5);
var diff = dateTwo.Subtract(dateOne);
var res = String.Format("{0}:{1}:{2}", diff.Hours,diff.Minutes,diff.Seconds));
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The way I usually do it is subtracting the two DateTime and this gets me a TimeSpan that will tell me the diff.
Here's an example:
DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
// Do some work
TimeSpan timeDiff = DateTime.Now - start;
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You need to use a TimeSpan. Here is some sample code:
TimeSpan sincelast = TimeSpan.FromTicks(DateTime.Now.Ticks - LastUpdate.Ticks);
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Or just TimeSpan sincelast = DateTime.Now - LastUpdate; – Ben M May 12 '10 at 17:17
Thanks for the tip. I had no idea you could do it that way. – Jason Webb May 12 '10 at 18:06
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IF they are both UTC date-time values you can do TimeSpan diff = dateTime1 - dateTime2;
Otherwise your chance of getting the correct answer in every single possible case is zero.
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private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 TimeSpan timespan;
 timespan = dateTimePicker2.Value - dateTimePicker1.Value;
 int timeDifference = timespan.Days;
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Quality Control for the Identify QIAseq DNA Variants workflow
The Ready-to-Use QIAseq DNA Workflows for variant analysis have been configured by default to address general needs, provided that the data quality fulfills minimal standards of coverage, proper library preparation, and appropriate reads/UMI structure. We do recommend running the workflow from the panel guide a first time using the default configuration, and then inspect the QC reports: the UMI Groups Report and the Create UMI Report.
The following subsections describe how to perform proper quality controls and why they are important. For example, the relationship between the number of reads per UMI and the original coverage is not straightforward: if the original molecule has been amplified many times, the resulting, seemingly deep, coverage will not add much information. So when the quality criteria are not fulfilled, we cannot guarantee the validity of the variant calls. After reviewing the quality controls described in this section, you can adjust workflows parameters and re-run the workflow in order to address specific experimental conditions. Parameters can be modified by opening a copy of the workflow and configuring workflow elements individually, as described at _URL_
All figures in these subsections are based on three different samples. The sample pictured to the left in each figure is a sample with few reads per UMI, the sample shown in the middle is an example of an ideal good quality sample and the one pictured to the right in each figure represents a sample with too many reads per UMI. All three samples are real samples and therefore also have different numbers of input reads which also needs to be taken into account when performing the quality control of the samples.
Proportion of reads per UMI group
According to the QIAseq Targeted DNA panel Handbook and protocol, and depending on the input DNA for the library preparation, the ideal value for Average reads per group should be 2 to 4, with 4 being the best value for the highest DNA input (i.e., 40ng). This value can be found in the Summary table of the "UMI Groups report" (see red highlight in figure 6.7).
Image umigroupreport
Figure 6.7: Summary section of the UMI group report.
Average reads per group values smaller than 2 will make it impossible to create a consensus read, and therefore difficult to improve the Q scores and achieve higher precision (the advantage of using UMIs in the first place). In this case, Average quality should be adjusted for the Identify candidates variants (Low average quality variants).
Similarly, if the value is more than 6 to 8, it indicates that not enough DNA input in the library preparation resulted in an excessive PCR amplification of the same fragments. This in turn leads to decreased efficiency of the library and a lower UMI coverage as a result of creating consensus across many reads per group. As the filtering of the variants depends on the counts (number of times a variant is observed at a UMI read), the Count filters might need further adjustments (available for Illumina workflows when configuring the Identify Candidate Variants tools for Low, Medium and High counts).
Reads by group size, 25th, 50th and 75th percentile shows the distribution of reads by group size. Examples from the figure where the 50th percentile is 5 meaning that half the reads will be in UMI groups containing up to 5 reads. If the 75th percentile is 73 it mean that 75 percent of all reads are in UMI groups containing up to 73 reads. The histogram shows the distribution of all reads by groups.
Proportion of singletons
The proportion of singletons indicates how many UMI barcodes are shared across different reads. If the number is too high, this corresponds to a very low number of reads per UMI on average. This value can be found in the Summary table (see red highlight in figure 6.7) and assessed with the Read by group size plot (figure 6.8) of the "UMI groups report". When the proportion of singletons is too high, you can modify the Average quality and Count filters as described above.
Image umigroupplot
Figure 6.8: Distribution of reads by group size also showing the proportion of singletons as seen in the UMI Groups report
Median Q scores
The median Q score is correlated to the generation of a good consensus among reads with the same UMIs. When there are not enough "big UMI" reads (i.e., reads created out of consensus of 2 or more reads carrying the same UMI barcode), the Q scores will be similar to the original Q scores calculated for the raw sequencing. In this case, you cannot benefit of stringent filtering based on average Q scores that are expected to improve by the creation of UMI reads.
The improvements of the Q score values can be inspected in the report called "Create UMI Report" Summary table (figure 6.9). When there is no difference in Q score between reads and UMI reads, adjust the Average quality parameter as described above.
Image umicreatereport
Figure 6.9: Summary section of the Create UMI report highlighting average and median Q scores
Composition of the barcodes used in the library prep.
The base composition of the barcodes used for UMI tagging is not dependent on the user (the barcodes are random) and can also be independent of the quality of the library preparation (input, reads per UMIs etc), but it will affect the quality of the consensus creation.
If the barcodes are not unique (i.e., their base composition is in percentage of the total barcodes very small), there is a risk that the UMI consensus step will group barcodes together that are meant to tag different fragments, and therefore reducing the quality of the consensus. This can be inspected in the plot "Nucleotide percentages of the unique molecular barcode symbols" of the report "Create UMI report" (figure 6.10). For good quality, we expect the distribution to be skewed to the left as much as possible.
Image umicreateplot
Figure 6.10: Item no. 18 from the Create UMI report showing the nucleotide composition of the barcode.
Coverage and accuracy when using UMIs
Appropriate coverage is important to achieve the best results when using UMIs, particularly when you wish to call variants with an allele-fraction lower than 5%. In our analyses, we observe that a UMI-coverage of at least 2000X is recommended to achieve the best results.
We analyzed only variants with variant allele-fraction (VAF) of 1%, thus measuring the performance of the workflow only on variants considered more difficult to detect. In these scenarios, UMIs are expected to reduce significantly the number of false-positives, and therefore show the highest impact on precision. The plots in figure 6.11 illustrate the relationship between sensitivity and coverage, precision and overage, and accuracy and coverage, with sensitivity, precision and accuracy defined as:
Sensitivity = $ TP / (TP + FN)$
Precision = $ TP / (TP + FP)$
Accuracy calculated at F1 = 2 * ((Precision * Sensitivity) / (Precision + Sensitivity))
and TP: True Positives, FN: False Negatives, FP: False Positives.
A/ For sensitivity, the total number of reads are known to be an important factor, influencing the number of variants called, and hence sensitivity. Comparing our results at 2000X UMI-coverage with the results at the same level of raw coverage, the sensitivity of UMI analysis is 90.13%, while a traditional pipeline achieves 77.28%. However, comparing the results on the same subsampled data, the effect of UMI on low VAF loci is more evident only at higher levels of coverage, because the creation of consensus reads reduces the total number of reads, although increasing their quality. The sensitivity analysis (A) also highlights an important message: when sequencing at very high coverage, hard filters may not be appropriate in all situations, as they tend to over-filter, reducing sensitivity. In these cases, adaptive filters may be necessary.
B/ The precision results show the clear advantage of UMI in reducing common errors, and hence the number of falsepositive variants. Our results show that precision in detecting variants is higher for the UMI-aware analysis even at the lower coverage levels: 69.79% for UMI versus 63.77% without UMI. While at higher coverage levels, UMI-aware workflow reaches 95.22% in the present analysis, versus 78.48% of the non-UMI workflow. The results of this analysis on VAF 1% variants show that overall the precision of a UMI-aware workflow is higher than the analysis ignoring UMI information, at all coverage levels, and accuracy shows its best performance at higher levels, where sensitivity is >90%.
C/ In the following figure, we observed an accuracy of 92% for UMI-aware at this coverage, compared to 78.4% achieved by the non-UMI workflow.
Image vafexperiment
Figure 6.11: Sensitivity, Precision and Accuracy of calling variant allele-fraction of 1% at different raw and UMI coverage values.


FMLA: What managers need to know
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is more than 20 years old, but surveys show that it still ranks as one of the most confusing and frustrating employment laws for companies to administer. And in those 20 years, employees have learned how to use the FMLA to their advantage.
It's important for managers to understand whether an employee's request for leave could qualify as FMLA leave, and how to respond once an employee is on FMLA leave.
Editorial Director Pat DiDomenico provides a brief overview of the FMLA and covers the top five things that managers need to know about the law.
1. Which employees are eligible and why?
The FMLA allows qualified employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave from their jobs each year. To be eligible, employees must have worked at your organization for at least 12 months and logged at least 1,250 hours of service during that time.
If employees are qualified, they can take FMLA leave for any of these three reasons:
 1. To care for their child after birth, adoption or foster care. (This includes both women and men.)
 2. To care for the employee's spouse, child or parent who has a "serious" health condition.
 3. The employee's own "serious" health condition makes him or her unable to perform the job.
Two other important points to remember: Only companies with 50 or more employees are required to offer FMLA leave. Also, many states have their own FMLA-like laws that employers need to understand.
2. What counts as a "serious" health condition?
The law allows FMLA leave only for "serious" health conditions to prevent employees from using it for colds and headaches. But there's no precise list of conditions that qualify as "serious" conditions.
Basically, the law defines a "serious condition" as one that requires in-patient hospital care or a three-day incapacity requiring continuing treatment from a doctor. That can include anything from a stroke to severe arthritis. And it includes incapacity due to chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes.
Courts are constantly debating which ailments qualify as "serious" and which don't. Employers have the right to demand medical certification from a doctor to make a decision on whether a condition qualifies.
Best bet: Managers should bring the issue to HR's attention whenever they suspect an ailment might qualify for FMLA protections.
3. How much FMLA leave can employees take?
Eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave during a 12-month period. The law refers to unpaid leave — it doesn't require paid leave during those 12 weeks.
Eligible leave doesn't have to come in one-week or even one-day chunks. The law allows some employees to take "intermittent" FMLA leave, which can be for one hour or less.
The FMLA does permit employees to elect (or employers to require the employee) to use accrued paid leave, such as vacation or sick leave, for some or all of the FMLA leave period.
4. What's an "illegal" manager action?
The law says managers can never block eligible employees from taking FMLA leave. An employee's FMLA leave may be inconvenient, but it's illegal to retaliate. Nor can you consider an employee's FMLA leave as a negative factor when deciding on his pay, benefits or promotions.
After FMLA leave is over, employees must be able to return to the same or an equivalent position with equal pay, benefits and perks. The new position must involve the same or substantially similar duties, responsibilities and authority as the pre-leave position.
Employees on FMLA leave continue to earn health benefits.
5. Must employees notify you?
If employees can foresee their need for FMLA leave—say in a pregnancy—they must give you at least 30 days' advance notice.
When FMLA leave is not foreseeable, they need to inform you as soon possible, which usually means one or two business days.
One final important point: Employees don't specifically need to cite the law or say they need "FMLA leave." It's the employer's responsibility to identify leave requests that could qualify as job-protected FMLA leave. If you suspect a leave request could qualify, it's important to notify HR right away.


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Students create puppet theatre based on a study of Greek mythology.
Breathing Life Into Myths
Program Summary A language arts teacher draws on puppetry techniques and help from her school's theatre teacher to engage her sixth-graders in exploring Greek myths.
The Integrated Instruction
HELEN SCHELL, 6th-Grade Language Arts Teacher I'm trying to immerse the children in the idea that mythology and Greek culture permeate our day-to-day life. I chose puppets because any time I plan a curriculum for the kids, my first thought is "How can I draw them in?" We're working with art, we're working with theatre, we're working with history, and obviously, we're working with language arts and writing.
JENNIFER LARSON, Theatre Teacher The way I worked with Helen Schell is very typical of what we do here. It started out as a passing in the hallway and that turned into a scheduled meeting. Initially we swapped ideas, and then I tried to stay a part of the process throughout. When the mythology scripts reached the level of production I went in and served as an advisor, working with Helen to get the kids to add some theatrics to the project, and doing some critiquing.


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Purified by affinity chromatography, Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNL/GNA) is composed of four identical subunits. GNL is a mannose-binding lectin, though [interestingly] it will not bind α-linked glucose. This lectin was one of the original molecules used to understand how proteins recognize carbohydrates. Galanthus nivalis is found to bind to many viral glycoproteins, making it a useful tool in HIV research studies.
Colloidal gold can be used to visualize localization of specific saccharide moieties and examine the distribution of plasma membrane glycoproteins based on the binding pattern of Galanthus nivalis Lectin (GNL/GNA). Colloidal gold labeled lectins can be viewed via electron microscopy.


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Legal Definition of attestation clause
: a clause at the end of a will in which the witnesses state that the will was signed and witnessed with all the formalities required by law and which often sets forth those requirements
Love words? Need even more definitions?Merriam-Webster unabridged
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I'm having a hard time getting off the ground with this, and am trying to move away from ArcGIS / arcpy.
I have a shapefile with a network of polylines. I want to find/count all 2-way intersections, 3-way intersections, 4-way, etc. This would involve, I think:
 - splitting all lines at intersections
 - deleting identical segments (with some spatial tolerance)
 - create points at the end of each new line segment
 - buffer the line ends, and count the number of points near/at each line end
I would like to do this in a python script. Is this overall plan easily implementable in pyQGIS? An outline of the calls I would be using would be very helpful.
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Taking the first part, if it's of any help GRASS v.clean break (in the Sextante toolbox) will split polylines at line intersections, into new polylines. N. – nhopton Aug 14 '12 at 9:43
1 Answer 1
There are a number of ways to approach this and several different ready-to-go python modules at your disposal. However I cannot directly comment on the Qgis calls but am confident most if not all of these processes are available and documents in the API: _URL_
Going in order of your requests:
> splitting all lines at intersections
You can first test to see which lines intersect and then find the intersecting points between any two lines.
There is an excellent example of how to do this in python on compiledreams.com:
Part 1) Testing for line intersection Part 2) Finding the point of intersection
Alternatively you can use the python module Shapely that offers a robust set of geometric relationship methods including intersection. Fiona was also written to work very nicely with shapely and can provide a means of data-structure translation (assuming you will be using a friendly GDAL/ORG format)
Qgis does offer similar capabilities but depending on the size of the dataset could be rather time consuming.
> deleting identical segments (with some spatial tolerance)
I am not sure where you would be getting identical segments from because you are essentially breaking a line feature at the point and making what was one two separate line features.
> create points at the end of each new line segment
So if we break a line a = [(2,0),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3)] at the intersection point of line b = [(0,2),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2)] we would get a1 = [(2,0),(2,1),(2,2)] and a2 = [(2,2),(2,3)] as the return. There is no duplicated geometries and the endpoints of the lines would be the first and last vertices's in the array. So for a1 it would have endpoints e1 = (2,0) and e2 = (2,2).
>buffer the line ends, and count the number of points near/at each line
So again shapely offers a very easy method to do this by any number of units you choose (same units as the input data is in).
Alternatively, you would define a radius around each point and create a separate polygon feature that acts as the buffer. [I am going to forgo writing out the algorithm here because I doubt that this is what you really want to do].
Then you would test to see which points fall within the buffer polygon while keeping a simple count.
Similar to the testing if lines intersect example above you can test if a point is within a polygon using an algorithm like the one defined here: _URL_
You can however just find all of the intersection points within a certain distance of any given intersection with some threshold distance. This would also save the need to create buffer polygons and performing various tests.
Without knowing much about your specific end goal you can also treat the network of polylines just as that by treating it as a network graph. This could simplify the whole process by using Networkx, which also lets you read in shapefiles. Although the topological relationships between the line features must be accurate already (meaning having already broke lines at intersection points). The counting of intersections is then just a matter of calculating the network statistic of "degree", which again is a simple method call in Networkx.
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Even good people can disagree. There's nothing wrong with disagreeing about something. It's how you handle it that matters.
Here Are 6 Tips from the Bible about Dealing with Anger
1. Learn to Control Your Anger
2. Anger Breeds More Anger
3. Anger Leads to Sin
4. God Wants Us To Be Peacekeepers
5. Anger Impedes the Way to Righteousness
6. God Wants Love in Our Hearts – Not Anger


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A group of boys want to set up a camping tent. They lay down a rectangular tarp OABC on the horizontal ground with OA = 3 m and AB = 1.5 m and secure the points D and E vertically above O and B respectively, such that.
Assume that the tent takes the shape as shown above with 6 triangular surfaces and a rectangular base. The point O is taken as the origin and the unit vectors i, j and k are taken to be in the direction of, and respectively.
(i) Show that the line DE can be expressed as.
(ii) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane ADE.
(iii) Determine the acute angle between the planes ADE and OABC. Hence, or otherwise, find the acute angle between the planes ADE and CDE.
Note: Question can be made harder and trickier should Origin, O be placed in the center of the base OACB.


How to get all your fruits and vegetables for $2.25 a day
Getting all your fruits and vegetables in doesn't have to break the bank...if you choose wisely.
When the USDA revised their recommendations for a healthy diet, they also calculated the average cost per serving for fruits and vegetables (they looked at fresh, frozen and canned) and found that, on average, they cost 50 cents per one-cup serving. For an adult eating 2,000 calories per day, the USDA recommends eating 4½ cups per day (2½ cups vegetables and 2 cups of fruit), which would cost roughly $2.25/day.
Depending on the fruits and vegetables you choose, that number can be much higher…in some cases (as below) it's lower. Here's an example of how you can add in 4 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables across 3 meals and a snack, to whatever else you eat throughout the day:
—Kerri-Ann Jennings, M.S., R.D.
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The Senate's version of the Farm Bill Slashes $4.1 Billion in Food Stamps For Veterans, Seniors, and Food Insecure Families.. Gillibrand is speaking out....
Read More »
LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES TASK FORCE RELEASES WATER FLEA SPREAD PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS
The Lake Champlain Basin Aquatic Invasive Species Rapid Response Task Force today released seven recommendations to slow the spread of spiny water flea into Lake Champlain. The Task Force identifies preventing the flow of excess waters from the Glens Falls Feeder Canal to Lake Champlain by diverting that flow into the Hudson River drainage as the most effective option to slow the spread of spiny water flea. The Task Force also seeks completion of a feasibility study to identify a hydrologic barrier to prevent the movement of aquatic plants and animals between the Champlain and Hudson Watersheds through the Champlain Canal system. This long-term solution will prevent the canal system from serving as a vector for any aquatic invasive species from moving in and out of the Lake Champlain Basin. The Task Force recognizes that the quick closure of the Champlain Canal and Glens Falls Feeder Canal, which could control and eradicate spiny water flea, is not technically, legally or economically feasible. After monitoring and sampling efforts determined the presence of spiny water flea in the Champlain Canal and the Glens Falls Feeder Canal in June, the Task Force undertook a significant process to identify and review a number of options to prevent the spread of spiny water flea to Lake Champlain. The Task Force carefully considered the effectiveness and technical feasibility of implementing behavioral, chemical, biological, physical or mechanical interventions in the Champlain Canal to prevent the introduction of spiny water flea to Lake Champlain. The Task Force recommends the following actions be taken to slow the spread of spiny water flea and prevent future introductions of aquatic invasive species in the canal:
1. Pursue options to redirect surplus flow in the Champlain Canal into the Hudson River side of the system and away from Lake Champlain side of the system as it is currently directed.
2. Undertake the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Champlain Canal Barrier Feasibility Study to identify means of developing a hydrologic barrier in the canal system.
3. Increase and enhance sampling efforts by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in the Champlain Canal and Glens Falls Feeder Canal to determine the extent and levels of spiny water flea populations in those waters.
4. Issue a public service announcement from the New York Canal Corporation alerting canal traffic about the presence of spiny water flea and educating boaters and anglers how to prevent its spread.
5. Build a predictive model of lake susceptibility to spiny water flea with support from the Lake Champlain Basin Aquatic Nuisance Species Subcommittee to identify the lakes most susceptible to invasion by the spiny water flea. Target those lakes for intensive education and outreach spread prevention efforts.
6. Expand the lake steward/greeter program and provide more information on spiny water flea, and pursue stewards dedicated to the canal system.
7. Seek the resources to print significant numbers of spiny water flea watch cards, and distribute them and other aquatic nuisance species spread prevention information to canal users and other key user groups.
A detailed report on the Task Forces efforts and recommendations regarding spiny water flea may be viewed and downloaded on the Lake Champlain Basin Program's web site at _URL_


text:
A guide to Australian insect families (from CSIRO) can be found at:
A useful introduction to Insects, visit:
A diagram of Insect morphology illustrating terminology with legend of body parts:
A diagram of an insect illustrating terminology based on a worker ant, see:
There are two main ways to photograph insects with a camera: using a macro close-up lens or a zoom lens. If the insect tolerates your getting very close, then you can use the macro lens. For example, some moths will remain quite still when approached, believing they are camouflaged and invisible. However, many insects, especially those that can fly, will move away when you approach. This is especially true for insects like butterflies and dragonflies. So a good zoom lens is very useful for photographing many insects. If you are using a smartphone, then use a macro lens or a macro attachment. E.g. OlloClip for iPhone. If you want to have an insect identified to species then clear photographs are usually needed because minute parts of the anatomy may need to be checked. It is valuable to take several photos from various angles so that these anatomical details can be seen. Many insects are have particular plants that they feed on, and they can be identified more easily when the associated plant is known. So if the insect is resting or feeding on a plant, take note of what the plant is or ensure that a photo shows the plant clearly.
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Gosport is a town, district and borough situated on the south coast of England, within the county of Hampshire. It has approximately 80,000 permanent residents with a further 5,000–10,000 during the summer months. It is part of the South Hampshire conurbation and lies on a peninsula on the western side of Portsmouth Harbour opposite the City of Portsmouth, to which it is linked by a pedestrian ferry.
Up until the last quarter of the 20th century, Gosport was a major naval and military town associated with the defence and supply infrastructure of Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Portsmouth. As a result of a decline in these activities, many of its fortifications and installations, such as Fort Brockhurst, have been opened to the public as tourism and heritage sites, with extensive redevelopment of the harbour area as a marina.
The Rowner area of the peninsula was known to have been settled in Saxon times, mentioned in the Anglo Saxon Chronicles as Rughenor (Rough bank or slope). Both Rowner and Alverstoke (a village now within the boundaries of Gosport), the name coming from the original point where the River Alver entered the Solent at Stokes Bay, were included in the Domesday Book. Settlements in the wider region date back much earlier.Rowner is recorded as being the earliest settlement of the peninsula with many Mesolithic finds and a hunting camp (presently sealed under the reclamation site) being found, tumuli are located on the peninsula (all investigated). Bronze Age items found during a 1960s construction in HMS Sultan included a hoard of axe heads and torcs (now stored by Portsmouth museum services). A three-celled dwelling unearthed during construction of the Rowner Estate in the 1970s points to a settled landscape. Adjacent to the River Alver which passes the southern and western edges of Rowner can be found a Norman motte and bailey, the first fortification of the peninsula, giving a high vantage point over the Solent, Stokes Bay, Lee-on-the-Solent and the Isle of Wight. The Rowner estate and HMS Sultan are situated upon the former Royal Naval air station, first known as RAF Gosport and later as HMS Siskin and gives its name to the local infant and junior schools. The barracks at Browndown (Stokes Bay) were used in the first series of Bad Lads Army.
There are several theories of how the borough got its name including from the early name of Goseport which is believed to derive from "goose". An alternative etymology "gorse" (from the bushes growing on local heath land) is not supported by the regional name for the plant, "furze". The third theory which was found in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales and used in the town's motto, "God's Port Our Haven", claims a derivation from "God's Port", King Stephen's thanks in 1144 for safe landing in a storm. This, however, is a 19th century invention.
Royal Hospital Haslar, formally the last military hospital of the U.K. was closed as a military site in March 2007. It was opened in 1753, serving military personnel and their families, later also serving the community of Gosport. The hospital was then used by the NHS until 2009. The hospital closed as NHS services were relocated to The Queen Alexandra Hospital in Cosham, Portsmouth.
Graves of Turkish Sailors - _PHONE_ In November 1850, two ships of the Turkish Navy, the Mirat-ı Zafer and Sirag-i Bahri Birik anchored off the Hardway - Gosport. The visit lasted several months and during this time some of the members of the crew contracted Cholera (see Gosport Cholera epidemic in 1848) and were admitted to Haslar Hospital for treatment, from those who were admitted most of them died and other sailors died because of training accidents. In total 26 died and were laid to rest in the grounds of Haslar. At the turn of the 19th Century the bodies were exhumed and transferred to Clayhall Cemetery where they now lie in peace.
"They set sail for eternity and met their creator, and here they are laid to eternal rest."
These graves have led to the nickname of Gosport people being referred to as "Turkers" and Gosport as "Turktown".


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It is probably too complicated to be sure, with subtle shifts in air flow easily affecting the total drag.
However, since things (usually) tend towards their lowest energy, and the wheels tend to spin when the car is moving, I would guess that is the lowest energy state, and hence the lowest total drag, compared to clamping the brakes on the bike wheel and stopping it from spinning.
But that statement, lowest energy state, and hence the lowest total drag, is BS. Things have no tendency towards a state of lowest energy dissipation!
Drag on the car * speed = power from the car.
power from the car = power from the spinning wheel + everything else
Increased drag on the car = power the spinning wheel generates / speed
If the wheel does not spin, it does no work.
If the wheel spins freely, it does -very little work-, because it has very little friction. So the spinning wheel adds very little more drag than the fixed one.