Helping Individuals Have Opportunities for Health and Wellness
View the Community Health Initiative Plan View Members of the Health Advisory Council
In order to determine the most important areas in which to focus their community plan to most directly improve overall health and wellness in Chippewa and Eau Claire counties, the Health Advisory Council (HAC) began by reviewing information available from Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 for twelve identified health priority areas in the state. Needs assessments and survey data provided by area hospitals, city and county health departments, United Way, and several other agencies and organizations in the Chippewa Valley were also considered. Presentations were also made by local experts and practitioners in the field.
After in-depth discussions of the key issues during a structured prioritization process, the HAC reached consensus on narrowing its focus to four priority areas: Mental Health, Alcohol & Other Drug Use, Injury & Violence, and Chronic Disease Prevention & Management. Workgroups were established and the members are currently in the process of drafting a plan for each area. Preliminary thoughts from the workgroups are as follows:
Mental Health:
Affordable access to mental health care should be available in the Chippewa Valley so individuals and families can use it when needed. For that to happen, increased collaboration is needed. The entire community would be targeted in terms of awareness, education, and prevention efforts, with special priority for those living below 200% of federal poverty guidelines. This plan strives to improve mental health services in the Chippewa Valley by:
 1. Improving collaboration between mental health providers and the medical community;
 2. Improving access and availability of quality mental health care services;
 3. Increasing community understanding about the prevalence of mental illness in society;
 4. Raising awareness and use of crisis lines and other referral services in the community; and
 5. Increasing use of mental health care services.
Alcohol Use
High rates of alcohol use are prevalent in the Chippewa Valley and should be reduced. The problem affects people of all ages and from many demographic backgrounds, but special focus should target at-risk groups in the group from 12-34 years of age. The concerns of misuse are related to underage drinkers (primarily ages 10-17), excessive users (i.e., binge drinkers and heavy drinkers in the 18-25 age group), women of childbearing years and pregnant women, and individuals who drive vehicles while under the influence of alcohol. This plan's projected outcomes will see alcohol misuse decrease among 12-34 year olds by:
 1. Raising awareness that alcohol can be harmful to a person's health;
 2. Increasing the community's understanding of how the "culture of drinking" affects people's lives in many ways;
 3. Starting to drink alcohol at age 21 or after, if at all;
 4. Learning to drink alcohol in moderation and a low-risk manner; and
 5. Promoting alcohol-free social and recreational activities.
Injury & Violence
All victims of intimate partner violence (also called domestic violence) should have access to comprehensive services. As a result of such efforts, the number of incidences should decrease for those victims and their children. Through this plan, adult victims of intimate partner violence and their children will:
 1. Be better able to plan for their safety;
 2. Learn ways to keep themselves safe;
 3. Know more about the options, choices and resources available to them overall;
 4. Become aware of how crisis and trauma affect their lives;
 5. Learn skills to help them deal more effectively with their concerns; and
 6. Develop strategies to cope and manage their emotions.
Chronic Disease
The working poor, the uninsured, and underinsured people living in the Chippewa Valley should have opportunities for attaining a good quality of life, especially in terms of their health. Obesity is a significant concern in our society because it can lead to other chronic diseases and illnesses. Improvement of individual health behaviors, reduction in modifiable risk factors, and access to clinical care are key factors in addressing chronic disease issues, with first priority given to individuals and families below 200% of federal poverty guidelines. This plan strives for individuals practicing healthy behaviors to prevent and/or delay the onset of obesity by:
 1. Improving their diet through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables;
 2. Increasing their participation in physical activity;
 3. Decreasing consumption of sugar drinks;
 4. Decreasing consumption of high-energy-dense foods that are high in calories;
 5. Increasing their knowledge about risk factors associated with obesity and other chronic diseases; and
 6. Accessing quality health care for regular check-ups and treatment.


News from Europe
Statue of the Virgin Mary to be moved behind a school in France
A statue of the Virgin Mary, that is in the yard of a primary school in the department of Isere, France, will now be placed behind the building so that the children will no longer see it. According to the leaders, this move is necessary to respect the laicity law of 1905.
The statue was erected in the middle of the twentieth century, before the building of the school. The then owner of the property commissioned the statue after he was convinced that he saw the virgin appear at the river of the town.
After his death, a public school was built on the property, but the statue stayed in its place. Later, in the 1990s, the school leaders decided to move the statue to a less frequented spot, next to the building. They used the laicity law of 1905 to justify their actions. According to them, the statue's presence would be justified in a private school, whereas it violates religion's liberty in a public school.
And now, thirty years later, the statue is to be transferred again, to a still less frequented place, behind the school building, so that the children cannot see it, thus respecting their liberty of conscience.
Leave a reply


- Sweden's news in English
The Swedish Teacher
If you want the answers, you just have to ask!
Nog, väl and ju
Hej alla!
It took me a while but finally I will try to explain how to use small words with big meaning – nog, väl and ju. A reader brought up the subject with the following question:
" Hi,
Just had a lesson on how to use Nog, Väl and Ju, but my teacher was no very clear on what is the meaning of them. She said it was impossible to translate them directly to Swedish. Nevertheless, I believe there should be some kind of rule or at lest trend, rather than just doing it by "feeling" as my teacher said.
First of all nog, väl, and ju are all so called satsadverb (sentence adverbials). Those of you who have read previous posts about word order and adverbials, know that a satsadverbial is a word that changes or specifies the meaning of the whole clause or sentence. Examples of satsadverb that might be more familiar to you are inte (not), kanske (maybe) and bara (only).
"Nog" is a troublesome little word since it has several different meanings and can easily be misunderstood and misinterpreted, even by native speakers I dare to say. Myself I really had to think hard what nog really means in different examples. That might be an explanation to why teachers often say that it is a question of "feeling for it".
I would say that a translation of "nog" goes from the weaker förmodligenprobably to the stronger visserligen – to be sure, it is true:
förmodligenprobably weak
säkerligen – no doubt, doubtless
helt säkert – certainly
visserligen – to be sure, it is true strong
Here are a few examples of how "nog" can be used:
Det blir nog sent i kväll.
(It will probably be late tonight. I will probably come home late tonight.)
In this case "nog" has the weaker meaning as in "I'm not sure, but probably".
Det ska du nog inte räkna med.
(I wouldn't count on it.)
Here the speaker is not 100% sure, but pretty close. I would say that the "nog" in this sentence means that the speaker has some doubts, but is more sure than if using "probably".
Det ordnar sig nog.
(It will be alright, for sure.)
This should not be interpreted as "It will probably be alright", which would be a strange thing to say I guess, not that encouraging 😉 In this case "nog" means "I'm sure of it".
Väl is a sentence adverbial that makes the sentence end up somewhat in between a statement and a question. I've had many students during the years being very frustrated over this. They ask me: "Is it a question or not? I want to know!" And all I can answer is: "Well, it is sort of a question, but still not quite." :)
Stäng fönstret!
(Close the window!)
This is a command. You will go and close the window.
Du kan väl stänga fönstret.
(Why don't you close the window.)
This is a little softer, rather an expectation or a wish than a command.
Kan du stänga fönstret?
(Can you close the window?)
This is, as you can see, a plain question.
Here are a few more examples with "väl":
Det är väl inte hela världen.
(That's not the end of the world, is it?)
"Väl" here corresponds with the "is its?"
Nu ska det väl snart sluta regna.
(It should stop raining soon, shouldn't it?)
Det vore väl underbart om …
(Wouldn't it be wonderful if…)
One thing that can be tricky with "väl" is that it is used when the speaker want to request something or give you an order so to speak, but still want to be polite. So the order can be mistaken for a question. This way of using "väl" is common in a work situation or in school. At work for example, your boss might say :
Du kan väl skriva klart den där rapporten till på måndag morgon.
This is a polite way to say "Finish this report, I want it in Monday morning."
Your teacher might say:
Ni kan väl titta på den här artikeln till i morgon.
What the teacher really means is "Read this article for tomorrow."
The turn has come to "ju". As I explained in a previous post, "ju" expresses something like "as you know" or "I know that you know". Actually it is used a lot when the speaker thinks that the listener should know better. Some examples:
Va?! Köpte du en sprillans ny BMW? De kostar ju en hel förmögenhet.
(What?! Did you buy a brand new BMW? You know they cost a whole fortune.)
– Du tog väl med dig ett paraply?
(You brought an umbrella, didn't you?)
– Nej.
– Men, jag sa ju att det skulle bli regn.
(But I told you it was going to rain.)
– Vill du ha en cigarrett?
(Do you want a cigarette?)
Nej, jag har ju slutat röka.
(No, I told you I've quit smoking.)
Phew, this was a tough one! I hope a have clarified something for you. Please post questions if you have any!
Sara the Swedish Teacher
Report abuse »
Tags:,,,
2 responses to "Nog, väl and ju"
 1. Sean says:
 Wow, many thanks!! I've been learning basic Swedish for a while now but no one has been able to properly explain these to me… Fantastic.
 Report abuse »
 2. Dylan Hooper says:
 It looks to me from the above article on väl, that the word can be used as a more formal way of saying please.
 Report abuse »
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text:
Disorientation and spatial abilities performance
Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul, 2007
Author: Christian Beros Space Syntax Ltd; The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL.
This paper investigates the relation of Spatial Configuration with Orientation Performance of the individual in Urban Navigation. Spatial Orientation is defined as a function of the mind involving 'awareness of place' in the environment, and is a key aspect of Navigation in terms of maintaining a sense of where the subject is relative to its goal as it is moving. The aim of this paper is to shed light on Spatial Orientation performance and how it is linked to configurational and syntactical properties of space. This topic is intrinsic in the Space Syntax theory due its fundamental relation between spatiality and human activity.
The discussion is developed by the research findings and theories of Navigation, Wayfinding and Spatial Cognition, putting forward varied interpretations related with the research topic and the selected areas. The paper concludes that the Spatial Orientation in Soho and Covent Garden is determined by the Spatial Configuration of the area and that the navigation system used in Central London is mainly Path Integration rather than Piloting or Landmark Recognition System. Then, it is argued that Landmarks act as primary organizers of spatial features in cognitive maps, followed by an environmental knowing and understanding of the Spatial Configuration that is translated in Path Integration.
© 2017 Beros Abdul + All rights reserved

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Wesermarsch - Rural Hinterland
Location:County Wesermarsch, Lower Saxony, north-west Germany
Area: County Wesermarsch: 820 km2; Inhabitants: 93,000
What do we want to achieve?
Climate Proof Areas aims to ensure the functioning of the irrigation system and the drainage function for the low rural hinterland of the county.
Fresh water of the river Weser irrigates the area now. Due to higher salt concentrations in the river negative effects impose on the watering system and the utilisation of this water. Likely higher precipitation accompanied with a shifting yearly distribution as consequences of climate change ask for the adaptation of the existing drainage system.
A feasibility study will investigate the challenges of climate change to water management, coastal protection and agricultural use of the area: How can the efficiency of the drainage system be increased taking into account the consequences of climate change? What are the options of combining the issues of increased probability of intense precipitation, increased storm frequency and storm intensity? How can an integrated adaptation approach be developed to problems of rural hinterlands for the future?
Within the Climate Proof Areas proejct we will apply and enhance the participatory integrated assessment approach of the ComCoast project:
- the continuously integration and engagement of relevant stakeholders from the start
- support of scientific research and investigations in hydrology and soil science
- Developing a vision for the county Wesermarsch for the year 2050 together with all stakeholders (inc. rural and urban area)
- Developing jointly options to approach a solution for the existing problems, taking future climate change into account
- Applying an integrated assessment procedure
- Ag. for Water Mgt., Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation (Lower Saxony, NLWKN)
- Water boards (Butjadingen, Stadland, Jade)
- Dike boards (I. and II. Dike Board Oldenburg)
- County Government (Dep. of Spatial Planning, Dep. of the Environment)
- Municipalities Butjadingen
- Chamber of Agriculture
- Farmer's Association Lower Saxony (Landvolk)
- National Park Authority (Dep. for Man and Bioshpere)
- BUND Friends of the Earth, Association for Environmental Protection (NGO)
- Ministry of the Interior Lower Saxony, Government Agency Oldenburg, Dep. Spatial Planning

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The authors have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel slow adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based passive optical network (PON) uplink transmission scheme using a 1-GHz reflective semiconductor optical amplifier operating as an optical network unit (ONU) in combination with Rayleigh backscattering (RB) mitigation in a 20-km single fibre loopback link. This RB mitigation, which can dramatically stabilise the channel state information and enhance the total throughput so that the OFDMA-PON transmitters can operate in the slow adaptive concept and provides beyond 15-Gbit/s uplink transmission, is achieved by employing 10-MHz low-frequency dithering of an optical seed carrier cooperating with a gain-saturated semiconductor optical amplifier at an optical line terminal. In doing so, the proposed scheme could guarantee a 50% total throughput enhancement with a proof-of-concept multiple access scenario for two ONUs, compared to its counterpart that does not apply the RB mitigation technique.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2014.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
Natural Resources Wales brings together the work of the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales, as well as some functions of Welsh Government.
The Directorate for Nature Management and the Climate and Pollution Agency are being merged to form the Norwegian Environment Agency with effect from 1 July 2013.
Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the different factors that affect green growth, and appropriate information is needed to monitor progress and measure results. As part of Green Growth Strategy, the OECD has developed a conceptual framework and indicators that help governments monitor progress towards green growth. According this conceptual framework
Federal Environment Agency / Umweltbundesamt, Germany
The Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) is the central scientific authority for environmental protection in
The Federal Environment Agency was established by an act of the Federal German Parliament (Bundestag) on 22 July 1974. Together with the Agency for Nature Conservation and the Office for Radiation Protection, the Umweltbundesamt provides a scientific basis for environmental policy in
The Federal government has assigned the Agency with a variety of duties which can be divided into the following categories:
Budget and number of staff
In 2011 the Agency had a budget of 99 million euros, of which 26 million were allocated to the annual Environmental Research Plan the Agency administrates for the Ministry of the Environment.
The Agency has about 1,400 employees (2011) working at 13 locations, including seven of the Agency's monitoring stations. Approximately 800 employees work at the Agency's headquarters in
Areas of responsibility
To see location on map click here


text:
Automatic Fuel Switch & Marine Diesel Fuel Cooler Unit
A solution for safe low sulphur fuel adoptation for vessels operating in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA).
Vessels operating in SECAs need to reduce Sulphur Oxide (SOX) emissions in accordance with the revised Marpol Annex VI, which contains regulations on the prevention of air pollution from ships. The Wärtsilä Automatic Fuel Switch and Marine Diesel Fuel (MDF) Cooler Unit is a solution for low sulphur fuel adoption for vessels operating in SECAs, switching from the use of HFO to continuous or temporary operations using LFO. An uncontrolled changeover may cause severe damage to the injection equipment and increase maintenance and spare part costs. In worst case scenarios, it may cause a complete loss of propulsion power.
The Automatic Fuel Switch, which controls the temperature change before the fuel injection equipment is, together with the MDF Cooler Unit, a solution for switching from HFO to LFO fuel, and vice versa. The MDF Cooler Unit, which ensures controlled cooling, and the correct fuel oil injection viscosity and temperature, is a solution for continuous LFO operation.


text:
By Jake Landers
Published August 2011
Sensitive Briar and Fern Acacia are cousins that have similar looking leaves that behave very differently. The leaves of Sensitive Briar fold up when touched while those of Fern Acacia stay put. Few plants have movements as quick as Sensitive briar, and it's done without nerves as in animals. Botanists understand that these movements in plants come about by changes in water pressure, but they can't explain the reason why. Why one and not the other! Perhaps the leaf movements might surprise a grazing animal to make it move to another plant for a bite. It's a quirk in some plants that someday may entice a young scientist to find a good explanation.
Both plants are legumes and are first choice for grazing by goats, sheep, and deer because of their high nutrient content. For this reason both have become scarce even in pastures where moderate to light stocking has been practiced. They persist in much of central Texas in parks, roadsides, and rocky sites where plants are somewhat protected from heavy grazing.
The flower clusters are similar in construction, but quite different in size and color. Fern Acacia has marble-sized white puffballs too numerous to count on the multiple sprouts in a typical colony. Sensitive Briar has a few big pink ones at the ends of sprawling runners. Seed pods are quite distinct also, with those on Fern Acacia small and flat, and those of Sensitive Briar bean-like and covered with soft spines. I am having a hard time finding seeds to get either plant reestablished in my part of the ranch.
The scientific name of Fern Acacia is Acacia angustissima var. hirta. In plain language this translates to "Thorny plant with the narrowest leaves". Most of its other cousins are thorny, including Sensitive Briar, but Fern Acacia it is soft to the touch. Sensitive Briar is named Mimosa roemeriana, although long ago I learned it as Schrankia roemeriana. At least the name-changing experts kept half of the original which is in honor of Ferdinand Roemer, the German geologist who checked out the ruins of the old Spanish Presidio near Menard 150 years ago, and wrote a book about his adventures in Texas.
Whatever the reason for the sensitive leaf movements in one and not the other, they are fascinating to watch. Several years ago one of my colleagues who also enjoyed teaching kids about native plants had a fun technique when he found a Sensitive Briar. He told the kids it was a "Scream" plant. "If you screamed at it, it would fold its leaves, and you had to get close to it because it was hard of hearing." Soon all the kids would be on hands and knees screaming and watching the movement, not realizing at first it was their breath, not the sound that caused the movement. Kids and a few grown-ups like to be tricked, occasionally, so that they can pull the same trick on someone else. But you need to be smart enough to tell the difference between the two plant cousins.


text:
601 Third Avenue
Two Harbors, MN
- View Map:
The first formal courthouse of Lake County was a wooden building built in Two Harbors in 1887. It served citizens until 1904, when it burned to the ground. Luckily, most county records were rescued.
The courthouse built in 1905 to replace the original courthouse has been called a "sophisticated version of a City Beautiful courthouse." The formally composed academic style building was designed by James Allen MacLeod and built at a cost of $80,000. The low dome, seen in the picture above, has a silvery fish-scale metal helmet.
A mural called "Angel of Justice" once decorated the inside of the dome. Construction crews concealed the mural when a lowered ceiling was installed in the courtroom in 1945. However, the 10 by 15 foot canvas mural, was removed, restored, and placed in the main corridor as a bicentennial project in 1976.
The Lake County Courthouse, seen above in 1906, was built a year prior in Two Harbors, named for its twin harbors of Burlington Bay and Agate Bay.
- Historical information adapted from "The First 100 Years... The Minnesota State Bar Association."
Return to Courthouse List


Google Acquires Phonetic Arts for Speech Synthesis
By Clint Boulton | Posted 2010-12-05 Print this article Print
Google acquired speech synthesis startup Phonetic Arts. The search engine will likely use the software to improve voice output for mobile applications.
Google has acquired speech synthesis startup Phonetic Arts, whose software samples human speech and tailors it for computers, for an undisclosed sum.
Google is being typically hush-hush about what it will do with the Cambridge, U.K.-based startup's assets and talent, which will move to Google's London office.
"The Phonetic Arts team will join Google's existing efforts in speech technology to help drive innovation in the area of text-to-speech synthesis," a spokesperson told eWEEK, adding that Google will maintain relationships Phonetic Arts had with partners.
Google made significant strides in offering voice input software for mobile phones.
This includes Voice Search to let users speak Web searches, Voice Input to enable users to compose e-mails by voice and Voice Actions, which allow users to look up businesses by speaking into the phone instead of using the keyboards.
Google could use the speech synthesis created by Phonetic Arts to provide users with spoken answers to the results that pop up from their spoken searches.
In other words, Google would match voice output with the voice input from those apps. Google imagines a future where such voice output solutions will be accessible to everyone, for any form of spoken information, via computers, tablets and mobile phones.
Currently, Google Translate translates text in multiple languages and synthesizes human speech to provide people with navigation instructions in their native language as they drive.
Users speak into a microphone and their spoken words are shuttled to Google's cloud of parallel servers, then piped back down with the translation.
With additional speech synthesis, a user reading a menu that is foreign to him may take a picture of the words with Google Goggles from his mobile phone, then have a version of Google Translate augmented by speech synthesis speak the menu items to him.
With Phonetic Arts, Google is trying to curry the classic, robotic lilt with more human speech inflections and intonations.
Google Speech Technology Manager Mike Cohen likened the concept to Star Trek, where the actors speak to their computers, which speak like humans back to the people in a dialogue.
"We are excited about their technology, and while we don't have plans to share yet, we're confident that together we'll move a little faster toward that Star Trek future," Cohen concluded
Read more about the deal on TechMeme here.
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The decision version of the discrete log problem in $\mathbb{Z} /q \mathbb{Z}$ is to determine whether there exists a k so that $x^k$=y mod q.
Let gcd(x,y)=1. I am interested in an upper bound for the smallest odd prime q not dividing x or y so that $x^k=y$ mod q has a solution for some k.
Let w=max(x,y). Based on calculations I would guess the bound to be O$(log^i w)$ for some i>1.
i=1 is too small: x or y can be a product of consecutive primes starting from 2 and it is known that the product over the primes < ln(w) is O(w) so q must be larger than O(ln(w)).
Note that if q|y-1 then a solution is guaranteed, so a trivial bound is for q to be the smallest odd factor of y-1.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
I wonder if there exist $x$ and $y$ such that $x-y,x^2-y,x^3-y,\dots$ are all prime. It seems unlikely, but I don't see how to prove it can't happen. If there are infinitely many such $x$ and $y$, then the kind of bound you want won't exist.
EDIT: If $\gcd(x,y)=1$, $|x|\ge2$, and $x-y=p$ is prime, then $x^p-y$ is a multiple of $p$, so not a prime. But that doesn't give the kind of bound you're after.
share|improve this answer
I guess you're not interested in cases where $x=0$, $1$ or $-1$... – Robert Israel Jun 1 '11 at 1:45
_USER_, not really, but of course I should have dotted those "i"s and crossed those "t"s. – Gerry Myerson Jun 1 '11 at 1:48
Your Answer


text:
This one uses a vibrating motor from an old cell phone, a 3V watch battery, and a paper clip. A little soldering, some hot glue, and you've got a vibrobot!
Step 1: Gather materials
1. A watch battery (I used a 3V, but you can probably use whatever you find)
2. A motor from an old cell phone
3. A big paper clip
4. Soldering iron, solder, flux (optional)
5. Hot glue gun
6. Electrical tape
7. Sharpie or other dark marker
Optional but helpful:
8. Metal file
9. Rubbing alcohol
10. Needlenose pliers for the bending
Step 2: Make the legs - part 1
First, straighten out the clip, then mark out six equal parts. On mine, marking every 1 1/16" worked out fine.
An important note about bending the paper clip -- go slowly! Take a few seconds to make each bend, or it could snap. Also, for the angles that are greater than 90, make them rounded, so there's not so much stress at one point. It took me three tries to finish the legs. (See the last photo.)
Now, bend a 90 degree angle at the first mark.
At the second mark, bend it back completely.


text:
P.E. Central Lesson Plan: Want Ad: Healthy Eater
Purpose of Activity:
The purpose of this lesson is for students to understand the differences between healthy and unhealthy eating habits and what steps they need to take in order to make healthy eating choices.
Suggested Grade Level:
A newspaper with want ads; Construction Paper
Description of Idea
Begin the lesson with a discussion about eating habits. This may include a discussion of the Food Guide Pyramid, Dietary Guidelines, etc. Have the students give examples of healthy and unhealthy eating habits.
Example: Healthy Eating Habit = Eating fruitÂ
Unhealthy Eating Habit = Drinking soft drinks
NOTE: Using a transparency with some examples that you have generated may be helpful.
Next, introduce the concept of a Want Ad.Â
What is a want ad?Â
What does "ad" stand for?
Let the students read want ads from actual newspapers. Have the students discuss qualities the companies were looking for in the people they wanted to hire.Â
Students will then write their own 'want ads for a healthy eater'. The want ads should list specific characteristics of a healthy eater.
TIP: Encourage students to think of five specific ways they could help themselves become healthy eaters, and then plug those five things into the want ad. EX: Drink a glass of milk with every meal.
After the students have made their want ads, ask the students to share their want ads for healthy eaters with the rest of the class. Have the class discuss which characteristics might be the most important in becoming a healthy eater.
Give the students a chart in which they will fill in the characteristics they included on their want ads. The students will take the chart home and fill in a smiley face for the days in which they followed through on the healthy eating habits listed.
in Lexington, KY.
Posted on PEC: 2/18/2001.
This lesson plan was provided courtesy of P.E. Central (_URL_).
Products for This Lesson:


text:
Killing Environmental Campaigners
Manifest and Latent Justifications
AbstractIn 2018, at least 200 land and environmental defenders were murdered, the deadliest year on record. This trend is growing but also spreading: killings were dispersed across 24 countries, compared to 16 in 2015. With many killings unreported, and often uninvestigated, it is likely that the true number is far higher. The tide of violence is driven by intensified activity by companies that pursue profit in unexploited areas. This paper gives an account and classification of these killings, providing an analysis of the vast literature produced by environmental NGOs. Adopting a modified form of techniques of neutralisation and drawing on the distinction between manifest and latent justifications, the paper examines the responses provided by official actors who are called to account for these killings.
Copyright (c) 2020 Vincenzo Ruggiero
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


Study on substitution of 4% enramycin by hydrolytic tannic acid in broiler feed
Objective: compared with 4% enramycin, to study the effects of different levels of coated hydrolyzed tannic acid on broiler performance, antioxidant performance and intestinal development.
Experimental unit: School of animal science and technology, Shandong Agricultural University
Substitutive product: Hydrolyzed tannic acid
Experiment design: this experiment adopts the single factor experiment design, selects 200 healthy and even weight 1-day-old aibuyijia (AA) broilers, half male and half female, randomly divided into 5 treatments, each treatment has 5 repetitions, each repetition has 8 chickens.
Test conclusion:
1. Adding hydrolytic tannic acid to the diet can improve the daily gain of broilers, reduce the feed to weight ratio, and improve the performance of broilers.
2. Adding hydrolytic tannic acid to the diet can improve the slaughter rate and full bore rate of broilers.
3. The thymus index, spleen index and antioxidant capacity of broilers can be improved by adding the coated hydrolytic tannic acid in the diet, so as to better maintain the health of broilers.
4. The activity of lipase and amylase in duodenum and the quantity of lactobacilli can be increased by adding coated hydrolytic tannic acid to the diet, so as to promote the digestion and absorption ability of the body and better maintain the intestinal health.
5. According to the data of five treatments, the best effect is to substitute 150g / T enramycin (4%) in broiler feed, followed by 600g / T hydrolyzed tannic acid and 200g / T hydrolyzed tannic acid.
Post time: Nov-15-2019


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home > documentation > developing your first application, part 1
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Next: Developing your First Application, Part 2
Developing your First Application, Part 1
To demonstrate in detail how to develop an ARToolKit application, we will step through the source code for an existing example program: simpleTest (or simple according to your ARToolKit version). This program is found in the directory examples/simple/.
The SimpleTest Program
The file we will be looking at is simpleTest.c (or simple.c). This program simply consists of a main routine and several graphics drawing routines.
The functions which correspond to the six application steps previously described (see here) are shown in Table 1. The functions corresponding to steps 2 through 5 are called within the mainLoop function.
ARToolKit Step Functions
1. Initialize the application
2. Grab a video input frame arVideoGetImage (called in mainLoop)
3. Detect the markers arDetectMarker (called in mainLoop)
4. Calculate camera transformation arGetTransMat (called in mainLoop)
5. Draw the virtual objects draw (called in mainLoop)
6. Close the video capture down cleanup
Table 1: Function calls and code that corresponds to the ARToolKit applications steps.
The most important functions in the program are main, init, mainLoop, draw and cleanup. In the remainder of this section we will explain these function calls in detail.
The main routine of simple is shown below:
main(int argc, char *argv[])
 argMainLoop( NULL, keyEvent, mainLoop );
The init initialization routine contains code for starting the video capture, reading in the marker and camera parameters, and setup of the graphics window. This corresponds to step 1 in the development method. Next, we enter in the real-time state, with a call to the video starting function arVideoCapStart. Following, the argMainLoop function is called which starts the main program loop and associates the function keyEvent with any keyboard events and mainLoop with the main graphics rendering loop. The definition of argMainLoop is contained in the file gsub.c.
The init routine is called from the main routine and is used to initialize the video capture and read in the initial ARToolKit application parameters.
At first, the video path is opened and the video image size found:
/* open the video path */
/* find the size of the window */
The variable vconf contains the initial video configuration and is defined at the top of simple.c. In function of your platform the content can be really different: see video configuration page. For each platform a default string is defined, that generally open the first available video stream in your architecture.
After, we need to initialize the ARToolKit application parameters. The key parameters for an ARToolKit application are:
 - the patterns that will be used for the pattern template matching and the virtual objects these patterns correspond to.
 - the camera characteristics of the video camera being used.
These are both read in from file names that can either be specified on the command line or by using default hard-coded file names.
So, the camera parameters are read in with the default camera parameter file name Data/camera_para.dat:
/* set the initial camera parameters */
if( arParamLoad(cparaname, 1, &wparam) < 0 ) {
Next, the parameters are transformed for the current image size, because camera parameters change depending on the image size, even if same camera is used.
The camera parameters are set to those read in, the camera parameters printed to the screen:
arInitCparam( &cparam );
arParamDisp( &cparam );
After that we read the pattern definition with the default pattern file Data/patt.hiro:
patt_id is an identified pattern identification.
Finally a graphics window is opened:
/* open the graphics window */
The second argument of argInit defined a zoom function, set to 1.0 for matching video image format, set to 2.0 for double the size (e.g have a VGA AR display with a 320x240image input).
This is the routine where the bulk of the ARToolKit function calls are made and it contains code corresponding to steps 2 through 5 of the required application steps.
First a video frame is captured using the function arVideoGetImage:
/* grab a video frame */
The video image is then displayed on screen. This can either be an unwarped image, or an image warped to correct for camera distortions. Warping the image produces a more normal image, but can result in a significant reduction in video frame rate. In this example the image is non-unwarped:
argDispImage( dataPtr, 0,0 );
Then the function arDetectMarker is used to search the video image is searched for squares that have the correct marker patterns:
The number of markers found is contained in the variable marker_num, while marker_info is a pointer to a list of marker structures containing the coordinate information and recognition confidence values and object id numbers for each of the markers. The marker_info structure is detailled in the API documentation.
At this moment, The video image have been displayed and analyzed. So we don't need to use it more: we can ask the frame grabber to start a new grabbing in the same time we operates new functions. For this you have just to call arVideoCapNext:
Remark: when you called this function, using the last video image buffer can produce a bad result (dependant of your plaform). Be sure that you finish to deal with the video image buffer.
Next, all the confidence values of the detected markers are compared to associate the correct marker id number with the highest confidence value:
/* check for object visibility */
k = -1;
 if( k == -1 ) k = j;
if( k == -1 ) {
The transformation between the marker cards and camera can then be found by using the arGetTransMat function:
The real camera position and orientation relative to the marker object i are contained in the 3x4 matrix, patt_trans.
Finally, the virtual objects can be drawn on the card using the draw function:
Remark: a simple optimization step is done if no pattern are found (k==-1), we can directly swap the buffer without a call to draw and return:
if( k == -1 ) {
The draw functions is divided in initialize rendering, setup matrix, render object. You initialize a 3D rendering by ask ARToolKit to do rendering of 3D object and setup minimal OpenGL state:
argDraw3dCamera( 0, 0 );
glClearDepth( 1.0 );
You need after that to convert the computed transformation (3x4 matrix) to an openGL format (array of 16 values), using the function call argConvGlpara. These sixteen values are the position and orientation values of the real camera, so using them to set the position of the virtual camera causes any graphical objects to be drawn to appear exactly aligned with the corresponding physical marker.
/* load the camera transformation matrix */
argConvGlpara(patt_trans, gl_para);
glLoadMatrixd( gl_para );
The virtual camera position is set using the OpenGL function glLoadMatrixd(gl_para).The last part of the code is the rendering of 3D object, in this example a cube with a blue color under a white color light:
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambi);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightZeroColor);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_flash);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_flash_shiny);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
glTranslatef( 0.0, 0.0, 25.0 );
And to finish, you reset to default some OpenGL variables:
glDisable( GL_LIGHTING );
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
The steps mentioned above occur every time through the main rendering loop. While the program is running mouse events are handled by the mouseEvent function and keyboard events by the keyEvent function.
The cleanup function is called to stop the video processing and close down the video path to free it up for other applications:
This is accomplished by using the arVideoCapStop, arVideoClose and argCleanup routines.
You can compile this program and run it!
One limitation of this program is that used only the Hiro pattern: it seems really interesting to use others patterns or more than one! We will describe how do that in the next section.


, after the ACTION parameter. This is used to call a JavaScript program that checks whether we want to submit the form. If we determine that the form is bad, we return the value "false", which halts the submission. If the form is determined to be fine, we return the value "true", which does not affect submission.
In the script, we depend on the fact that Laura has passed the form itself to the script as a parameter (an argument in parentheses). This is necessary for the program to know about any of the form objects it checks. Seems odd, that it wouldn't know, but C and C++ programs, and JavaScript programs, too, view variables as private and local, unless passed to the program. In other words, the program knows nothing about the form unless we tell it about the form.
Essentially, Laura uses two tests of data validity in her program. She first tests whether the value of the object "theName" is blank or empty. (The double pipe operator ( || ) is the standard C logical operator for OR.) If either of these conditions are true, she calls the alert() function, and passes it a message for the user.
if (thisform.theName.value == null ||
 thisform.theName.value == "" )
 alert ("Please enter your name") ;
 thisform.theName.focus() ;
 return false ;
After the alert, she sets the focus on the field that needs editing. This places the screen cursor there, aiding the user in changing the data. Finally, she returns the value "false", which prevents submission.
The second error check is to tell if any radio button in a required set has been selected. She creates a flag variable which she calls "selected". She sets its value to "false", then runs through a loop that checks the value of each of the radio buttons. If any button in the set is has been clicked, its status property will be set to "true". If she finds such a button, she sets the value of the flag to "true". At the end of the loop, she tests the value of the flag. If it is "false" she alerts the user, and returns the value "false". Why no change of focus? She can't. If you set the focus on a radio button, you have selected it, which is the same as clicking it, and that is what the user must do.
 var selected = false ;
 for ( var i = 0; i <= 2 ; ++i ) {
 if ( thisform.theSex[i].status == true )
 { selected = true }
 if ( selected == false ) {
 alert ("Please choose your sex") ;
 return false ;
 return true
As a last note, Laura discusses the construction of arrays several times in the chapter. She states that the index of an array member, like member[index], is meant to indicate its position in the array. She talks about the array constructor she demonstrates making arrays whose index numbers really start with 0, but we only use the members from index 1 on.
She left out an important point for the C students. If we create an array with four members, the index numbers of those members are 0 through 3, not 4. So, when she says we create an array whose size is four, and that we do not use the 0 index, and that we can and do use 1 through 4, she ignores the fact that she is talking about an array of FIVE members, not four. JavaScript was meant to protect the user from such realities. If it doesn't bother you, don't worry about it. Some of us, on the other hand, need to know where the magician palmed the little red ball. (And if you really want to know such things, I recommend a shop found in various casinos in Las Vegas called Houdini's Magic Shop. If you can't go there, try this link. Houdini's Magic Shop)


Analysis of Spatial Density Utilizing the Big Data of Floating Population of Seoul City
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Video in TIB AV-Portal: Analysis of Spatial Density Utilizing the Big Data of Floating Population of Seoul City
Formal Metadata
Title of Series
CC Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike 3.0 Germany:
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Seoul, South Korea
Content Metadata
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This article aims at dealing with the inconveniences—associated with places—the foreign tourists are experiencing by utilizing the big data technology. It analyzes the spatial density of floating population of foreign tourists and suggests a variety of applications based on the results. This thesis associates the roaming big data of foreign tourists with Geographic Information System(GIS) to analyze the floating population density by location, time, and country. It uses R-Studio, a statistical computing software, and QGIS, an open source GIS software to visualize the data on a map. The first step to conduct the research is to open CSV format data and set variables for analysis. Then it analyzes the spatial density of floating population of foreign tourists sorted by time, location, and country, and the number of visitors is ranked for each location. Based on the analysis results, the data are visualized on a map through QGIS. Lastly, several adjacent target points—base stations—for certain locations are matched, and the necessary data are sampled out of them. This paper selects fourteen locations whose floating population of foreign tourists is dense: Gyeongbok Palace, Namsan Hanok Village, Deoksu Palace, Insadong, Myeongdong, Namdaemun Market, Dongdaemun Market, Garosu-gil, Apgujeongdong, Itaewon, Hongik University Entrance, Gangnam Station, COEX, and Lotte World. Moreover, it categorizes fourteen places into historical, shopping, and complex attraction and delves into the pattern or characteristics of floating population according to the categories; the categorized results directly show the distinct preferences for places and visiting time period. (Although the names of the countries the tourists are from are not provided in the roaming data of foreign tourists, they could be readily inferred from the comparison of the analysis results to the survey conducted by Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry.) This research paper makes four pragmatic proposals in order to alleviate the inconveniences regarding the signposts, bus route, and insufficient tourist information centers; it suggests to add languages in the signposts for certain locations, modify the current route of the city tour bus, and build additional tourist information centers in several sites where floating population of foreign tourists turns out to be dense. The degree of correspondence between the analysis results and reality is examined via field inspection. Recently, tremendous amount of data is produced and open to public, which leads to the enhancement of transparency. This article, which connects the big data to GIS technology, would be one of the significant cases of effectual spatial decision.
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Dependent and independent variables Statistics Mapping Open source System administrator Decision theory Multiplication sign Cellular automaton Mathematical analysis Combinational logic Content (media) Bit Student's t-test Variable (mathematics) System software Number Frequency Uniform resource locator Arithmetic mean Bit rate Mutual information Series (mathematics) Resultant Probability density function
Area Point (geometry) Statistics Mapping File format Multiplication sign Sampling (statistics) Mathematical analysis Combinational logic Variable (mathematics) Code Number Fisher information Mathematics Uniform resource locator Population density Computer animation Semiconductor memory Energy level Quicksort Table (information) Associative property Resultant Probability density function
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Uniform resource locator
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Ocean current Addition Presentation of a group Code Sampling (statistics) Cartesian coordinate system Twitter Uniform resource locator Arithmetic mean Computer animation Natural language Resultant Probability density function
Area Word Computer animation Energy level
Area Point (geometry) Uniform resource locator Service (economics) Process (computing) Computer animation Link (knot theory) Mereology Routing Probability density function Physical system
Group action Presentation of a group Service (economics) Computer animation Confidence interval State of matter Decision theory Network topology Prisoner's dilemma Archaeological field survey Energy level Measurement
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the lines of Wiltshire Professor drawn to their pronounce it right and fellow participants no audience I'm very honored to present my paper analysis of spatial density utilizing the Big Data of floating population of some city in the academic track the 1st 4 G conference In this presentation I will be 1st mentioning how and why initiated this research the that have been focus then the title and I'm and throughout the research the software I use for the analysis the procedure through which conducted this analysis of the results of the analysis will be demonstrated in 2 aspects 1st on and I'll provide you with a view of the spatial density of foreign tourists and solve the and further down into the 5 significant areas with the analysis results are not that in the latter part of my presentation I introducing new applications based on the results of an office currently but there was a
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fabulous admin looting and into dead for interest in on culture heritages and Korea independent or obstruents expressed a inconveniences and possible such fundamental problems is significant for crew whose number of foreign tourists is referring to increasing yet revisiting rate is still remains strong so I want you to a Amy research that on provides
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Olympus E-1
Single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras with interchangeable lenses are popular with serious amateur and professional photographers. Unfortunately, digital SLR cameras are very susceptible to dust. And if dust particles get inside the camera while you're changing lenses, they can stick to the image sensor and show up as dark spots in every photo you take.Shake It Off
Once dust sneaks into your camera, it will stay there until it is removed. Since digital image sensors are very delicate, some camera manufacturers recommend that shutterbugs bring dirty cameras into a service center for cleaning. As a result, many SLR users are reluctant to change lenses, especially when shooting in windy or dusty conditions. This, of course, detracts from their cameras' versatility.
The new Olympus E-1 digital SLR camera tackles the dust problem head-on with its Olympus Supersonic Wave Filter. The front of the E-1's image sensor is protected from dust by a movable membrane connected to an ultrasonic transducer. During the camera's power-up cycle, the transducer vibrates the membrane at ultrasonic speeds. The motion of the membrane shakes off any dust, which is captured by a piece of sticky tape.
During our recent testing of the E-1, we took thousands of pictures with dozens of lens changes without a single dust spot in any of our images. Now there's no excuse for not cleaning up your photos.


Human-centric AI news and analysis
This article was published on January 29, 2021
How an army of sewer robots can help us fix our clogged pipes
The Conversation
Story by
The Conversation
Hidden from sight, under the UK's roads, buildings, and parks, lie about one million kilometers of pipes. Maintaining and repairing these pipes require about 1.5 million road excavations a year, which causes either full or partial road closures. These works are noisy, dirty and cause a lot of inconveniences. They also cost around £5.5 billion a year.
It doesn't have to be this way. Research teams like mine are working on a way of reducing the time and money that goes into maintaining pipes, by developing infrastructure robots.
In the future, these robots will work around and for us to repair our roads, inspect our water and sewer pipes, maintain our lamp posts, survey our bridges and look after other important infrastructure. They will be able to go to places difficult or dangerous for humans, such as sewer pipes full of noxious gases.
We are developing small robots to work in underground pipe networks, in both clean water and sewers. They will inspect them for leakages and blockages, map where the pipes are, and monitor their condition for any signs of trouble. But what happens when the robots need to go to places where our existing wireless communications cannot reach them? If we cannot communicate with them, we cannot stay in control.
Two pipe bots in a sewer.
Pipebots will swim around the network of sewage and clean water pipes. Human Studio, Author provided
The pipe bots
The underground pipe networks are complex, varied, and difficult to work in. There are many pipe sizes, made of different materials, placed at many different depths. They are connected in lots of different configurations and filled to different extents with different contents.
Pipebots is a large UK government-funded project working on robots that will help maintain the pipe system. These robots will come in different sizes, depending on the pipes they are in. For example, the smallest ones will have to fit in a cube with a side of 2.5 cm (1 inch), while the largest ones will be as long as 50 cm.
They will operate autonomously, thanks to the array of sensors onboard. The robots will use computer vision and a combination of an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetic field sensor to detect where they are. They will have an ultrasound and infrared distance sensors to help them navigate the pipes. Finally, they will also have acoustic and ultrasound sensors to detect cracks in water pipes, blockages in sewer pipes, and to measure the overall condition of these pipes.
[Read: How this company leveraged AI to become the Netflix of Finland]
The information gathered this way will be sent to the water companies responsible for the pipes. In the first instance, the robots will just monitor the pipes and call in a separate repair team when necessary.
One of the biggest challenges will be making them communicate with each other through the pipes. This requires a wireless communications network that can function in a variety of conditions since the pipes might be empty, full of water or sewage, or somewhere in between. The three main options we are exploring are radio waves, sound waves, and light.
Diagram of how the robots will monitor pipes.
The robots will have acoustic and ultrasound sensors to detect cracks in water pipes. Human Studio, Author provided
Radio waves
Wireless communication technology using radio waves is everywhere these days – wifi, Bluetooth, and of course, mobile phones networks such as 4G. Each of these work at a different frequency and have different bandwidths.
Unfortunately, none of these signals can go through soil and earth, we are all too familiar with how mobile phone connection drops when a train goes through a tunnel. However, if we had a base station already within the tunnel, it would allow radio waves to travel along its length.
Thankfully, sewer pipes look a lot like tunnels to radio waves – at least when they're relatively empty. We are adapting technology similar to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to make sure the sewer inspecting Pipebots always have a connection to the control center.
Water blocks radio waves even more than soil and earth. In fact, at high enough frequencies, it acts as a mirror. So to stay in control of the robots in our water pipes, we have to use both sound and light.
Computer generated image of the robots inside a pipe.
They will have ultrasound and infrared distance sensors to help them navigate the pipes. Human Studio, Author provided
Sound and light
Wireless communication methods using sound and light are not widely commercially available yet. But they are making waves in the research community.
One method, visible light communication (VLC), uses transmitters and receivers, such as LEDs, that are small and energy-efficient, and also provide dazzling data rates, on the order of tens of gigabits per second. However, because light travels in a straight line, VLC can only be used when robots close to each other need to communicate. One potential solution is to have many robots in the same pipe, forming a daisy chain along which information can travel around bends in pipes.
Sound, on the other hand, can travel for miles along pipes and will travel around corners with ease. The downside is speakers and microphones can be power-hungry, and sound does not offer particularly high data rates. Instead of the several billion bits per second that can be sent using 5G and post-5G technology, sound waves can only carry a few bits per second. While this will be enough to know if a particular robot is still functioning, it will not be enough to relay a lot of useful information about the pipes.
In the video above, the first pipe robot in action.
It won't be a case of picking either radio, sound, or light waves. The wireless communication network we are developing for our subterranean little helpers will use a combination of these methods. This will ensure the robots do what they are supposed to do, that we stay in control of them, and they deliver on their promise.
We hope to have a full Pipebots system demonstrated in a realistic network by 2024. Once that is successful, we'll need to go through a thorough certification and compliance process to ensure that Pipebots will be safe to deploy in live water and sewer networks.The Conversation
This article by Viktor Doychinov, Research Fellow in the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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When the Duke of Windsor met Adolf Hitler
Related Topics
image copyrightDuke's of Dorchester/PA Wire
image captionThe former King Edward VIII was welcomed by Adolf Hitler
Images of the Duke of Windsor meeting Adolf Hitler during a 1937 visit remain controversial. As 60 photos showing the duke and his new wife meeting the Nazi leadership sell at auction for £6,830, BBC News examines the story behind the pictures.
The unofficial royal visit to Germany caused much controversy and the former King Edward VIII has since faced numerous accusations of being a Nazi sympathiser.
However, royal historian Carolyn Harris said his motives were "peaceful" and linked to the acceptance of his new wife, the American divorcee Wallis Simpson, for whom he had abdicated as king in 1936.
She said the duke was "eager to carve out a new role for himself and ensure that his wife was treated as a full member of the Royal Family even though she had not received the title of Her Royal Highness - an issue that was of great concern to the duke".
King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson
image copyrightPA
image captionThe trip was arranged so Wallis Simpson (seen here in a picture not part of the auction) could experience a state visit
 - The only British sovereign to abdicate voluntarily, Edward stepped down in 1936 so he could be allowed to marry the American divorcee Wallis Simpson
 - They married in June 1937 and were given the titles of Duke and Duchess of Windsor
 - For the next two years they lived mainly in France
 - After the outbreak of war, the duke was appointed governor of the Bahamas
 - He died of throat cancer in 1972 in Paris and was buried near Windsor
 - The duchess died in 1986 and was laid to rest alongside her husband
Source: BBC History
She added: "There was no precedent for an abdicated sovereign assuming an active public role on behalf of the current sovereign and the Duke of Windsor was frustrated that he appeared to be expected to live a quiet life in exile."
So the duke jumped at the chance to go to Germany when invited by its government, even though the British government did not support his decision and would have preferred the couple keep a low profile.
media captionThe Duke and Duchess of Windsor arrived at a railway station in Berlin where they were greeted by Nazi officials and a cheering crowd
His equerry Sir Dudley Forwood, who compiled the photo album, also said years later the unofficial trip was not a bid to support the Nazi regime, but instead to enable the duchess to experience a state visit.
Timothy Medhurst, of Duke's Auctions in Dorchester, Dorset, said the images showed the couple "in a relaxed environment being shown around by Nazis who are clearly proud of their nation".
"It is a unique piece of history compiled at a time when the Nazi war machine was preparing for European conquest and the systematic slaughter of millions of people," he added.
image copyrightDuke's of Dorchester/PA
image captionRoyal historian Carolyn Harris said the duke's motives for visiting members of the Nazi regime were "peaceful"
Ms Harris, who specialises in European monarchy, said: "The Duke of Windsor was familiar with Germany - he had numerous relatives there - and seems to have envisioned a diplomatic role for himself as a mediator between Britain and Germany."
He shared the views of other senior figures in the British government "who thought a lasting peace could be negotiated through diplomacy", she said.
According to royal biographer Andrew Morton, he officially went there to look at housing conditions, an issue that he had been interested in when he was king.
"But the real reason was to show Wallis a good time and see exactly what it was like to enjoy a royal tour, and they were treated like royalty," he said.
"She was treated like a royal princess, not like the Royal Family treated her, like an outcast and an outsider.
Mr Morton added that despite being "thrilled" at the time, the couple later realised they had made a "ghastly mistake" after their actions upset American trade unions and Jewish organisations.
The trip did not mean the duke was a Nazi, he said.
image copyrightDuke's of Dorchester
image captionThe equerry's invitation to the funeral of the Duchess of Windsor in 1986 was included in the album sale
Ms Harris told BBC News that in 1939, when war was imminent, the duke contacted Hitler "hoping to negotiate a peaceful solution, attempting to draw upon the rapport they developed during the 1937 visit".
However, she said his ties with Nazi Germany "made him a liability" for Britain during World War Two, which led to his appointment as Governor of the Bahamas "which removed him from Europe for the remainder of the war".
But Edward and Wallis "continued to cause anxiety for the British government" during their time in the Bahamas "as their visits to the United States attracted an enormous amount of public attention and the Duke of Windsor expressed pessimism about an English victory".
image copyrightDuke's of Dorchester/PA
image captionThe auctioned photos show the duke meeting several Nazis during his trip
image copyrightDuke's of Dorchester/PA
image captionThe duke and his wife visited many places, including a mine, a winter relief headquarters, a light bulb factory and a school
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text:
News /Growing number of consumers living below poverty line
People with mental health issues make up 36 percent of Social Security allocations — up from 24 percent two decades prior — and possess a standard of living that often falls below federal poverty guidelines, according to Alternatives presenters Donita Diamata and Amy Zulich.
With the federal poverty guideline set at $10,890 per year and Social Security payments set at $8,064 annually, consumers relying solely on government income face a deficit of more than $2,000 each year in meeting basic living expenses, according to Diamata.
In addition to not being able to afford the basics of food, medical care, and shelter, consumers find that their mental health conditions worsen with the stress brought about by poverty, Diamata said.
"The stress of poverty can worsen symptoms and impair basic functioning," Diamata said. "Mental health consumers are also more likely to engage in behaviors that risk physical health when in upsetting situations. These behaviors are not necessarily undertaken with harmful intent, but may be used as coping behaviors to provide comfort or relief from a situation perceived as inescapable."
Despite the fact that many people with mental health issues can and want to work and rise above Social Security, Zulich says it's not that simple.
Seventy percent of employers say they are reluctant to hire someone with a past psychiatric history, making it extremely difficult to break the cycle of poverty among people with mental health issues, according to Zulich.
If a consumer is hired somewhere, Zulich said, it is likely the job pays minimum wage and has minimal benefits, if any at all, which makes real and sustained recovery very difficult to achieve.
"The gap between Medicaid/Medicare income levels and private insurance is a real problem," Zulich said. "If you are hospitalized and don't have insurance, you end up with a giant bill."
Housing is another widespread obstacle for consumers to overcome in achieving wellness, according to Diamata. In fact, she says it's so common that the image of mental illness and homelessness often go hand-in-hand.
"When you search for images on poverty, homelessness, and mental illness, you start seeing many of the same pictures popping up," Diamata said. "It's depressing. Those things shouldn't go together."
While those in need may turn to low-income housing, arrangements are anything but guaranteed, according to Diamata. Such housing is in short supply throughout the country and long waiting lists are common; California waiting lists are a minimum of one year to a high of 6-8 years.
For those trying their chances at renting, the stats are even bleaker. In 2010, a person receiving SSI needed to pay 112 percent of their monthly income for a 1-bedroom apartment and 99 percent for a studio or efficiency apartment, according to Diamata.
Conversely, Federal Housing Affordability guidelines state that low-income households should pay no more than 30 percent of monthly income, or $211 per month for SSI recipients, towards housing costs.
According to Zulich, numbers like these underscore the urgency and need to close the income gap, but multiple factors continue to prevent that from happening.
A widespread fear of losing benefits, lack of employment education resources, messages from society about never being able to work, increasing economic disparities, and the current economic crisis discourage many consumers from re-entering the workforce, Zulich said.
"Consumers are often strongly discouraged to regain control over their own money and are given little support to be successful with finances," Zulich said. "Prescription medications can make it difficult to think clearly and keep up on personal finances. In addition, many are told they will never be able to work, and maintaining disability benefits should be their goal."
It's a vicious cycle, Zulich says.
"It's impossible to be well if your basic needs aren't met," Zulich said. "If you don't have access to food, medical care, safe housing, how do you build the rest of your recovery?"


Coronavirus: Single parents at greater risk of job insecurity as half report poor mental health
·3-min read
A young boy being held by his mother with his head resting on her shoulder, looking down a suburban street.
Single parents are twice as likely to have poor mental health, compared with other family types, according to new research. Photo: Getty
Single parents in the UK are at greater risk of job insecurity as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, new research from Gingerbread and the Institute for Employment Studies (IES) has found.
As COVID-19 hit the UK in early 2020 single parents were less financially secure and on lower incomes than other family types, with mothers in coupled households earning almost twice as much per week as single mothers.
Nearly half (46%) of single parents worked in routine occupations compared to 26% of coupled parents. Routine occupations — also classed as semiand unskilled work — in retail, hotels and restaurants have been hit hard by the pandemic with lockdown closures causing many employers to cut hours and jobs.
Single parents are also twice as likely to have a zero hours contract as other family types which puts them at greater risk of job insecurity.
As many roles shifted to working from home during the first national lockdown, only 22% of single parents were able to move to remote working, compared to 35% of coupled parents, creating greater childcare challenges as schools and nurseries closed.
READ MORE: Parents hit hardest by lockdown energy costs in UK
Some 30% of single parents were furloughed under the government's Job Retention scheme (30%) compared to 21% of parents in a partnership, further reflecting single parents' caring responsibilities and highlighting that they are more likely to work in sectors affected by lockdown. It is more likely that these sectors will experience further job losses as businesses in England are hit by the second lockdown, due to last until 2 December.
Single parents were twice as likely to have poor mental health, compared with other family types, both immediately before and in the early stages of the pandemic. Overall 51% of single parents reported having depression, bad nerves or anxiety, compared with 27% of coupled parents.
Single parents reported experienced an 'impossible balancing act', as they struggled with making "constant trade-offs" between their work and caring responsibilities.
READ MORE: UK's cheapest supermarket revealed
Worries about job security, the ability to secure new work, uncertainty around work requirements and formal and informal childcare availability, have made planning for the future impossible for single parents with many respondents feeling that "the unique challenges facing them had not been sufficiently accounted for in policy and guidelines developed."
Single parent charity Gingerbread is calling on the government to do more to support single parents during the coronavirus pandemic. The charity is urging the government to change policy to help single parents to stay in work by allowing them to access the furlough scheme where they need to do so for their caring responsibilities such as when a child needs to isolate.
Gingerbread is also calling on the government to make the Test and Trace Isolation Grant available to parents on low incomes who cannot work when their children are sent home from childcare or school to self-isolate.
READ MORE: Coronavirus: UK'sleepwalking' into long-term debt crisis
Laura Dewar, policy and research at Gingerbread, said: "Single parents have been hit hard by the COVID-19 Crisis. Our research has shown that during the previous Lockdown single parents faced 'an impossible balancing act'. As the sole breadwinner and carer single parents having a job is vital for their family income and the financial security of their children.
"The government must to do more to support single parent families as we start the second lockdown. Single parents must be better supported to stay in work, find new work or re-train."
WATCH: What is inflation and why is it important?


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Evaluation of the relationship between tryptophan consumption and obesity among University Students
Objective: To investigate the level of tryptophan consumption among university students and to determine its relationship with obesity. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted voluntarily to 1000 undergraduate students, 433 boys and 567 girls from Istanbul Aydın University in this correlation study. Students' daily tryptophan intake was determined according to the frequency of consumption of foods containing tryptophan, body weight, height, waist circumference were measured. SPSS 22.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: 56.7% of the students participating in the study are women and 43.3% are men. The average age and the standard deviation of the participants are 21,20±1,99 years, the minimum age is 17 years and the maximum age is 39. 17.5% of the participants are weak in terms of BMI, 33.8% are normal, 40.5% are overweight and 8.2% are obese. Comparing BMI values according to the students' gender, obesity is higher in girls than in boys (p <0.05). In terms of BMI, the number of obese and fat people is higher than male students. When looking at the tryptophan consumption amounts of students; the average amount of tryptophan is 321.62 mg in males and 323.41 mg in females. When the tryptophan consumption and BMI values of the students were examined, there was no statistically significant difference between them (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between tryptophan consumption and height and age, BMI, and the width of the waistline (p>0,05). Conclusion: University students consume high amounts of tryptophan, and there is no relation between the consumption of tryptophan on BMI and further extensive studies are needed.
BMI, Tryptophan consumption, University students, Obesity
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Looking for fun group projects guaranteed to fire up ageing brain cells? Maybe with a few fund raising ideas? Or win-win-win community projects?
Specifically targetted to people aged 65-105, this downloadable PDF includes six separate group activity plans for environments where isolation, mild cognitive impairment, or depression are considerations. Combining proven methods, latest research and professional experience, this group of activities are designed to increase well-being, stimulate neuro-cognitive pathways, foster inclusion, get the community involved, and just have fun!
Each inclusion has been specifically vetted for maximum enjoyment and effectiveness.
Instructions include equipment and staffing requirements, project objectives, sourcing suggestions, supplemental ideas (including fund raising) and references on how and why reminiscence therapy works so well!
Applied Reminiscence Therapy--A Facilitator's Guide
 - Facilitators working with seniors' care centres, historical or pioneer societies, museums and other special interest groups looking for specific ideas and strategies for fun, enriching group activities!


text:
pensando module parses distributed firewall logs created by the
Pensando distributed services card (DSC).
When you run the module, it performs a few tasks under the hood:
- Sets the default paths to the log files (but don't worry, you can override the defaults)
- Makes sure each multiline log event gets sent as a single event
- Uses ingest node to parse and process the log lines, shaping the data into a structure suitable for visualizing in Kibana
- Deploys dashboards for visualizing the log data
Read the quick start to learn how to configure and run modules.
The Pensando module has been tested with 1.12.0-E-54 and later.
Configure the moduleedit
You can further refine the behavior of the
pensando module by specifying
variable settings in the
modules.d/pensando.yml file, or overriding settings at the command line.
The following example shows how to set parameters in the
file to listen for firewall logs sent from the Pensando DSC(s) on port 5514 (default is 9001):
- module: pensando access: enabled: true var.syslog_host: 0.0.0.0 var.syslog_port:
Each fileset has separate variable settings for configuring the behavior of the
module. If you don't specify variable settings, the
pensando module uses
For advanced use cases, you can also override input settings. See Override input settings.
When you specify a setting at the command line, remember to prefix the
setting with the module name, for example,
dfw log fileset settingsedit
An array of glob-based paths that specify where to look for the log files. All
patterns supported by Go Glob
are also supported here. For example, you can use wildcards to fetch all files
from a predefined level of subdirectories:
/path/to/log/*/*.log. This fetches all
.logfiles from the subfolders of
/path/to/log. It does not fetch log files from the
/path/to/logfolder itself. If this setting is left empty, Filebeat will choose log paths based on your operating system.
This module comes with a sample dashboard. For example:
For a description of each field in the module, see the exported fields section.


text:
Roses and Iron
and Iron is a garden planted at the entrance to the Greyhound Bus
Museum. This garden is unique in that it is composed of old garden
and hardy shrub roses. Over eighty roses, of thirty-five varieties,
were chosen for their ability to survive a zone three northern
climate along with good disease resistance. When mature some of
these will reach a height of six to eight feet and a width of three
to five feet.
The garden is planted and maintained by the Chisholm
Hibbing Garden Club. The
theme of this garden, Roses and Iron, ties in the iron ore which has
contributed to the town's livelihood and the hardy rose which
represents its people.
Hull Rust Mahoning
Hibbing is the site of
the world's biggest open pit iron ore mine, the Hull Rust or
Hull Rust Mahoning Mine. The making of the Hull Rust group of
open pit mines stands as a monument to the ingenuity - and just
plain hard work - of man. Earth removed to create the mammoth
open pit is said to be the equivalent of digging a small tunnel
from Minnesota through the center of the earth and out the other
Since ore shipping began
in 1895, more than 1.4 billion tons of earth has been removed
to form this "Man-Made" Grand Canyon. The present Hull
Rust it, about 2,291 acres, embraces more than 30 individual
mines which had been opened between 1895 and 1957. Although most
of them are no longer in operation, a substantial amount of ore
continues to be extracted from the pit by Hibbing Taconite Company.
The vast pit yawns more than six miles long, up to two miles
wide and 600 feet deep.
The Minnesota Museum of
Mining, located in Chisholm, is just a short drive from Hibbing.
The Museum is open from Memorial Day until Labor Day. The exhibits,
both indoors and outdoor, tell the story of the iron mining industry
in northern Minnesota.
You can climb aboard Locomotive No. 347
built in 1907 and retired in 1953 after moving thousands of toms
of earth and ore, or sit in the high cab of a 125 ton dump truck.
There is also a beautiful geological rock display and a replica
of an underground mine drift. Your tours continues with the beginnings
of an old mining town displayed in artifacts used by pioneers
including: a blacksmith shop, shoemaker's shop, broom factory,
print shop, a little red schoolhouse and more.
The many types of exhibits
in the Hibbing Historical Museum tell the story of Hibbing. Logging
and mining tools, accompanied by pictorial displays, show how
tools were used in logging and mining.
A 5 foot by 8 foot model
of Hibbing as it looked at the time of its incorporation in 1893.
An 8 foot by16 foot 1913 model of North Hibbing depicts the growth
of the town and illustrates why Hibbing was forced to move to
accommodate the mining companies discovery of rich iron ore deposits
that lay beneath the town. An audio visual presentation explains
the history of Hibbing and its move.
The Museum is located in
the Memorial Building at 23rd Street & 5th Avenue East and
is open May 15 through September 30.
Hibbing High School
Construction of the historic
Hibbing High School was started in 1920. The cost of the building
was roughly $3,900,000. Today, it would cost over $50 million
The building is made up of red brick trimmed with
bedford stone and is arranged in the shape of the letter E. It
was built to replace the old high school which had to be torn
down because of the encroaching mining operations. Since the
mining companies were responsible for the move, they provided
about 95 percent of the cost.
The school has an impressive
auditorium that was designed after the old Capitol Theater, which
was located in New York City. It seats 1800, has a full Broadway
stage, and chandeliers of cut glass imported from the former
Czechoslovakia. The elaborate pipe organ, an old Barton vaudeville
organ, is one of two left in the country and was purchased and
installed in 1923.
The Paulucci Space Theatre is the
largest planetarium in Northern Minnesota. We offer night sky shows,
planetarium multi-media programs, and large format films.
Enjoy our programs in our 40 foot diameter domed
theatre, and enjoy the activities in our "Kids' Corner." We
have informative posters and models in our lobby, as well as a gift shop
with some unique items.
The theatre is located on the Hibbing Community
College campus and is owned and operated by that institution. It is not
only for college use, though. In fact, it is open to the public and can
be enjoyed by anyone.
Visitors to the Iron Trail region will enjoy beautiful lakes,
exciting tourist attractions and our rich and diverse heritage.
Surrounded by the Superior National Forest, the Iron Trail is a majestic tribute to Mother
Nature's beauty. Four distinct seasons will provide unlimited
recreational possibilities and unbelievable photographic opportunities.
Make the Iron
Trail your next


text:
Jump to Main Content
Abdominal Obesity and Mobility Disability in Older Adults: A 4-Year Follow-Up of the International Mobility in Aging Study
- Fernandes de Souza Barbosa, Juliana, dos Santos Gomes, C., Vilton Costa, J., Ahmed, T., Zunzunegui, M. V., Curcio, C.-L., Gomez, F., Oliveira Guerra, R.
- The journal of nutrition, health & aging 2018 v.22 no.10 pp. _PHONE_
- accounting, education, elderly, equations, gait, men, mental depression, mortality, obesity, observational studies, waist circumference, walking, women
- BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is related to the disability process in older adults, however, little is known about this relationship when adjusted for important confounders such as depression and physical performance measures in a diverse international aged population. OBJECTIVES: To explore the longitudinal relationship between abdominal obesity and mobility disability controlling for physical performance and depression. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal observational study using data from the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) Study. PARTICIPANTS: 1104 out of 2002 older adults aged 64–74 years old free of mobility disability at baseline (2012) and then reassessed in 2016. MEASUREMENTS: Mobility disability was defined as reporting difficulty in walking 400 m or climbing stairs. Activities of daily living (ADL) disability was based on any self-reported difficulty in five mobility-related ADLs. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 88cm for women or ≥ 102 cm for men. Four meters gait speed, handgrip strength and depressive symptoms (CES-D) were assessed. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and multinomial regressions were used to estimate associations between disability and abdominal obesity. RESULTS: 1104 free of disability participants were followed over 4 years, the mean age was 68.9 (±2.9) years among men and 68.7 (±2.6) years among women. Prevalence and incidence rates of mobility disability varied widely across research site and sex. The longitudinal associations between mobility disability and abdominal obesity remained significant even when adjusted by depressive symptoms, handgrip strength, gait speed, age, sex, education and research site. Participants with abdominal obesity had higher mobility disability (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.23-1.76, p-value=0.01) and also increased risk for ADL disability (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.23-1.76, p-value=0.01). Abdominal obesity in baseline was also predictor of mobility disability in 2016 (OR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.17-3.17, p-value <0.01) but not for ADL disability (OR: 1.59, 95% CI 0.93-2.71, p-value =0.09) with accounting mortality. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity is associated longitudinally and predicts mobility disability, even over a short period (4 years) in community-dwelling older adults from different epidemiological contexts.


Geotechnical Drilling Sydney: 4 Tips for Choosing the Best Geotechnical Drilling Company
Selecting a geotechnical drilling contractor is one of the most high-stakes decisions you can make for any project. Picture this: you're finally able to build the project of your dreams.
With any luck, this building will be your legacy. You finally have the budget, materials, and expertise to pull it off. Since you're so excited, you dive in headfirst and start building.
Once you're done, the building is perfect. But in a few years, the entire building collapses into the ground. As a legal, moral, and ethical concern, this is an absolute disaster.
What went wrong? You moved too fast and didn't invest enough focus on geotechnical drilling.
That's why we're here to provide some tips to help you choose the best contractor. Whether you're Googling 'geotechnical drilling Sydney' or relying on word of mouth, you'll be well-equipped to take on your next project.
1. What Is Their Attitude Like?
Attitude is everything for three reasons. For starters, you need to be able to picture yourself working with them. Geotech drilling is a high-stakes job, but that doesn't excuse a sour attitude.
If someone is a pain to work with, you'll find yourself reaching out to them far less than you actually need to. What does this mean? Your project will inevitably suffer.
With a poor attitude, someone will be disengaged from the work they're doing. Disengagement equals apathy, and apathy results in mistakes. Geotechnical drilling in Sydney can be life-or-death since mistakes result in expensive fixes or personal injuries.
2. What Experience Do They Have?
Every geotechnical drilling company has to start somewhere. Each company was on its first project at some point.
However, that doesn't mean that you necessarily would like to volunteer to be their guinea pig. In geotechnical drilling, no two projects are exactly the same.
The more projects a company has accomplished, the more versatile its skillset will be. This will allow them to tackle any projects with enthusiasm and know-how.
3. Do They Prioritise Teamwork?
In Sydney geotechnical drilling, teamwork is everything. This isn't just for the sake of productivity or team morale. Instead, it's crucial to ensuring that your team can protect itself.
You're working in a dangerous environment with hazardous equipment. If your geotechnical drilling contractor can't be trusted to work with others and prioritize their safety, then they shouldn't be working with you.
4. Do They Embody Flexibility and Persistence?
These are character traits you can't easily identify from simply Googling 'geotechnical drilling Sydney'. Working on geotechnical drilling projects means that there will be adverse circumstances.
Each day can present new challenges. But the ability to combat adversity and think outside of the box will prove to be invaluable for your projects.
Looking for 'Geotechnical Drilling Sydney'
If you find yourself looking for 'geotechnical drilling Sydney', then take heart! We've got exactly what you need. Contact us today—we'd be thrilled to partner with you on your project!
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text:
Contemplative psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and groups in New York City.
According to the Asian News Network, China's oldest temple aims to position itself as a major Buddhist hub. Built in 68 CE, the White Horse (Baima) Temple, in Luoyang, in China's Henan province, has a colorful history. The ANN reports:
According to legend, the Eastern Han Emperor Yongping (reign: AD 57-75) dreamed of a golden figure with a halo, which his advisers assumed was the Buddha, in India. Emissaries were sent abroad to learn more about Buddhism and they returned years later with two Indian monks on white horses, bearing sutras and statues....
In light of its history, Baima aims to become a leading center of Buddhism in Asia and has an Indian Buddhist shrine made entirely of Indian materials, a gift from the Indian government that was completed last year. Nearby, a Thai Buddhist shrine, built in 1992, is being expanded.
The temple has been rebuilt, and little remains of the original. Also, the original temple lacked air-conditioning, but that has been remedied.
You can read the ANN report here.
Image © China Daily


followed by one or more tags. All we need to do to assure the constrain is obeyed in the instances is declare the chapter class in this straightforward manner. No methods are programmed by the library user, and there is no imperative flow within the classes.
The main "trick" involved in programming parent classes like gnosis.xml.validity.Seq is to look at the.__class__ attribute of an instance during initialization. The class chapter does not have its own initialization, so its parent's __init__() method is called, but the self passed to the parent __init__() is an instance of chapter, and it knows it. To illustrate, this is part of the implementation of gnosis.xml.validity.Seq:
Example 6. Class gnosis.xml.validity.Seq
class Seq(tuple):
 def __init__(self, inittup):
 if not hasattr(self.__class__, '_order'):
 raise NotImplementedError, \
 "Child of Abstract Class Seq must specify order"
 if not isinstance(self._order, tuple):
 raise ValidityError, "Seq must have tuple as order"
 self._tag = self.__class__.__name__
Once an application programmer tries to create a chapter instance, the instantiation code checks that chapter was declared with the required _order class attribute, and that this attribute is the needed tuple object. The method validate() performs some further checks to make sure that the objects the instance was initialized with belong to the corresponding classes specified in _order.
When to Declare
A declarative programming style is almost always a more direct way of stating constraints than is an imperative or procedural one. Of course, not all programming problems are about constraints; or at least, that is not always a natural formulation. Problems of rule-based systems, though, such as grammars and inference systems, are much easier to manage if they can be described declaratively. Imperative verification of grammaticality quickly turns into spaghetti code and is difficult to debug. Statements of patterns and rules can remain much simpler.
Return to the Python DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


subdirectory named images. The error makes it sound like that directory doesn't exist (the "destination directory" error). I'd address the save location first.
 The anim object is the right kind of object for anim_save(). ~225 sounds like the right number of images that need to be combined. If it's not a simple missing directory error, I wonder if there's something up with your magick installation? That's the underlying software gganimate uses to create gifs. I already had it installed when I began this project, so I don't have a specific recollection of any issues with it. Maybe you need to add the output of 'which magick' to your PATH?
 2. Ed Barker
 Suffers from a conflation of scale as most map representations of covid-19 do. Better would be to establish a unit area, New York uses zip code areas, and then do the mapping. It is not useful to use county areas because of the enormous differences in population densities within and among counties. A better approach would be to map Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, SMSA's, use the 20 most populous cities, those cities are major transportation, i.e. dispersal, locations due to the presence of international airports, seaports. Eliminate the counties containing the SMSA's and then map only the counties along the major highways, or railways. See what that animation shows.
 3. Bob
 Hello, thanks for publishing this. Looking at your code, I don't understand the calculation of 'per_capita'. You haven't grouped, so 'summarize' will just return a single number. And in fact that calculation just returns the single number 100,000 (as it should since there are about 3300 counties and a population of 330,000,000).
 - Right, summarize uses the whole dataset if you don't group. 100k is the per capita number I'm using (the per capita number in the plot title is dynamically generated). I did this the tidy way (instead of using the mean function) because during EDA I looked at using the median instead, as I did with the state version.
 4. Pingback: Understanding COVID19 in Connecticut. It takes a town | R-bloggers
 5. Pingback: COVID-19 dashboard page now up – Nathan Chaney
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