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I've begun putting together an online database tutorial and expanded this entry and added horizontal scrolling to it. You can find the improved version of the blog post as blog page here.
Surrogate keys are interesting structures in databases. They're essential if you want to make sure you optimize your design. They're also very useful when you want to capture the automatic numbering value for a prior
INSERT statement and reuse the automatic numbering value as the foreign key value in a subsequent statement. It was interesting to see how they're implemented differently across Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server while providing the same utility.
Below is a synopsis of how you implement these in Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server.
The first thing to qualify is that Oracle is generally always in a transactional mode. That means you don't need to do anything special to set this example up.
Oracle doesn't support automated numbering in tables. However, you can use sequences to mimic automated numbering. A sequence is a structure in the database that holds a current value, increments by a fixed value – typically 1. Sequences are available in SQL and PL/SQL scopes through two pseudo columns. The pseudo columns are
.currval (note the two r's because it's not a stray dog).
sequence_name.nextval call in any session places the next number from the sequence into your Personal Global Area (PGA), which is a memory context. After you've called the sequence into memory, you can access it again by using
sequence_name.currval. The sequence only changes when you call it again with the
.nextval pseudo column.
-- Conditionally drop data sturctures - tables and sequences. BEGIN FOR i IN (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM user_tables WHERE TABLE_NAME IN ('ONE','TWO')) LOOP EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE '||i.TABLE_NAME||' CASCADE CONSTRAINT'; END LOOP; FOR i IN (SELECT sequence_name FROM user_sequences WHERE sequence_name IN ('ONE_S1','TWO_S1')) LOOP EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE '||i.sequence_name; END LOOP; END; / -- Create base table and sequence. CREATE TABLE one ( one_id INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT pk_one PRIMARY KEY, one_text VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL ); CREATE SEQUENCE one_s1; -- Create dependent table and sequence. CREATE TABLE two ( two_id INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT pk_two PRIMARY KEY, one_id INT NOT NULL, two_text VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL ); CREATE SEQUENCE two_s1; -- Insert rows into the tables with sequence values. INSERT INTO one VALUES (one_s1.NEXTVAL,'One!'); INSERT INTO one VALUES (one_s1.NEXTVAL,'Two!'); INSERT INTO two VALUES (two_s1.NEXTVAL, one_s1.currval,'Other Two!'); -- Display the values inserted with sequences. SELECT o.one_id, o.one_text, t.two_id, t.two_text FROM one o JOIN two t ON o.one_id = t.one_id;
If you mimic automatic numbering with database triggers, you may not have access to the
.currval value for the second
INSERT statement. This occurs when you provide a
NULL value expecting the trigger to manage
.NEXTVAL call for you.
Transactions require that you keep the primary key value for the first table in a locally scoped variable for reuse. Then, you can pass it to the next
INSERT statement. You do that with the
You can make a potentially erroneous assumption that you're the only user updating the table. Operating under that assumption, you can query the highest sequence number from the table before an insert, add one to it, and then attempt the
INSERT statement. In a multi-user system, it's possible that somebody beats you to the finish line with their
INSERT statement. Your insert would then have a duplicate surrogate key value for the
one_id column, and fail on an
ORA-00001 error for a uniqueness violation on a primary key column.
A database trigger can help you avoid a race condition. The trigger would ensure sequence values are unique but it may also introduce problems. A common Oracle trigger with a pseudo automatic numbering paradigm is represented by the following trigger (found in APEX generated code).
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER one_t1 BEFORE INSERT ON one FOR EACH ROW BEGIN :NEW.one_id := one_s1.NEXTVAL; END; /
Caution is required on this type of automated sequence trigger. There are two problems with this type of trigger.
One scenario is where you include a call to
sequence_name.NEXTVAL in your
INSERT statement. It then increments the sequence, and attempts to insert the value whereupon the trigger fires and repeats the behavior. Effectively, this type of logic creates a sequence that increments by one when you submit a null value in the values clause and by two when you submit a
Another scenario occurs when you attempt a bulk
INSERT operation on the table. The sequence call and substitution occurs on each row of the sequence.
You face another problem when you rewrite the trigger to only fire when a surrogate primary key isn't provided, like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER one_t1 BEFORE INSERT ON one FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.one_id IS NULL) -- Asynchronous with bulk insert operations when a value is provided by the bulk operation to the surrogate key column. BEGIN :NEW.one_id := one_s1.NEXTVAL; END; /
This trigger design causes a problem only with bulk
INSERT statements. Effectively, the sequence remains unaltered when you provide surrogate key values as part of inserting an array of values. The next non-bulk
INSERT statement would then grab the
.NEXTVAL value, attempt to use it, and raise a unique constraint violation because the bulk operation probably already used the value from the sequence.
The fix to bulk operations requires that you lock the table, disable a trigger like this, and get the
.NEXTVAL value. Then, you assign the
.NEXTVAL value to two local variables. One of these remains unchanged while the other increments as you populate the array for the bulk insert operation. After assigning the result from the
.NEXTVAL, you drop the sequence and find the highest key value for the bulk insertion operation, add one to the highest key value, and store it in another locally stored variable. You perform the bulk insert operation and then recreate the sequence with a value one greater than the highest value in the table, which should already be in a locally scored variable. Don't forget that you'd locked the table, so unlock it now.
You should note that database triggers run in a subshell with access only to the immediate shell that fired them. Therefore, you can't set a bind variable in a SQL*Plus session and subsequently reference it inside the trigger body because it doesn't have access to the variable.
MySQL supports automatic numbering but not a default transactional mode like Oracle. You need to disable auto commit and start a transaction. You also need to assign the last automatic numbering value to a variable before using it in a subsequent
INSERT statement. You must also provide an overriding list of mandatory columns when you opt to exclude the automated numbering column value. The one thing that we should all appreciate about MySQL is their desire to stay close to and comply with ANSI standards.
-- Conditionally drop the tables. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS one; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS two; -- Create the tables with a surrogate key that automatically increments. CREATE TABLE one ( one_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, one_text VARCHAR(20)); CREATE TABLE two ( two_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, one_id INT, two_text VARCHAR(20)); -- Start transaction cycle. START TRANSACTION; -- Insert first row, transfer auto increment to memory. INSERT INTO one (one_text) VALUES ('One'); -- Assign last auto increment to local scope variable, the = works too. SET _USER_ := last_insert_id(); -- Insert second row with auto increment and local scope variable. INSERT INTO b (one_id, two_text) VALUES (_USER_,'Two'); COMMIT; -- Display the values inserted with auto incremented values. SELECT o.one_id, o.one_text, t.two_id, t.two_text FROM one o JOIN two t ON o.one_id = t.one_id;
SQL Server supports automatic numbering but they call it the identity value. There are two ways to use it but the one I'm showing is for SQL Server 2005 or newer. You can replace the older
@@identity for the
SCOPE_IDENTITY() function call but Microsoft has already removed first level support from SQL Server 2000. While they've not said
@@identity is deprecated, it sure appears that's possible in a future release.
USE student; BEGIN TRAN; -- Conditionally drop tables when they exist. IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.one','U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.one; IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.two','U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.two; -- Create auto incrementing tables. CREATE TABLE one ( one_id INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) CONSTRAINT pk_one PRIMARY KEY, one_text VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE two ( two_id INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) CONSTRAINT pk_two PRIMARY KEY, one_id INT NOT NULL, two_text VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL ); -- Insert the values, and magically no override signature required. INSERT INTO one VALUES ('One!'); INSERT INTO one VALUES ('Two!'); INSERT INTO two VALUES (SCOPE_IDENTITY(),'Other Two!'); -- Query the results. SELECT o.one_id, o.one_text, t.two_id, t.two_text FROM one o JOIN two t ON o.one_id = t.one_id; COMMIT TRAN;
You should note that T-SQL doesn't require an override signature when you use an automatic numbering column. This is different, isn't it?
While the prior example works


Whose Level of Service is the City Protecting? by Greg Hayes
Sometimes walking in San Francisco doesn't feel right. The urge to jaywalk and the quick analysis: when is the light going to change? Can I make it alive across these four lanes of speeding cars? The light finally changes, but it is not that easy. It is not uncommon that, thanks to the standard traffic engineering, pedestrians and bicyclists are forced to wait through two signal cycles in order to pass through one intersection. You start to suspect that pedestrian and bicycle movements are considered second class
Your suspicion is probably correct. The vast majority of the city's surface street space is judged by its ability to move motor vehicles, through the use of a rating system known as the Level of Service (LOS). This national standard measures the amount of automobile traffic a roadway can accommodate "without undue delay, hazard or restriction to the driver's freedom to maneuver."
The idea can be seen as something of a motor vehicle user's bill of rights, in which the driver's "freedom to maneuver" is the central concern. Basically, one type of citizen - a person driving a car - has more access to the public-right-of-way than any of its other users.
The LOS works like this: a roadway has a certain capacity of automobiles it can sustain before delay, hazard, and maneuvering ability are compromised to an unacceptable level. The successive stages of traffic dysfunction are assigned a letter rating which is set upon average delay time for cars. The best-case scenario is LOS A, with minimal delay times, etc. The worst is LOS F which indicates "forced flow" - basically the stage before total gridlock occurs. When roadways drop below failing level to LOS E, they fail the standard's appraisal, perhaps prompting a road widening, cutting the sidewalk back, or rejecting a proposed bike lane.
2 views of "forced flow" at the Panhandle to Golden Gate Park bike/pedestrian path.
Consider the double-crosswalk design of Stanyan and the Panhandle bikeway where ped/bike traffic seeking to enter the park is forced to wait through two separate light cycles just to maneuver though one intersection. The Golden Gate Park Master Plan and the San Francisco Bicycle Plan both call for a dedicated signal phase specifically designed to carry ped/bike traffic through the intersection in one movement. But the DPT hasn't allowed this for many years. Ask them why and they say because adding a new signal phase for the ped/bike traffic will make the intersection drop below failing LOS levels.
Here's where things really start to get twisted: what the traffic engineers are basically telling the people of San Francisco is that they cannot allow adequate pedestrian and bicycle facilities to be built because they will "cause congestion" and disturb the motor vehicle traffic flow that we are barely maintaining right now. The problem is one of abject, overt discrimination. Vast amounts of public time and space are appropriated and reserved for one mode of movement at the expense of all others. The LOS standard creates and perpetuates this situation and is constantly cited and invoked as means of denying pedestrian and bicycle facility improvements.
The SFBC will continue to advocate for an LOS-type measurement which actually takes other road users into account. After all, don't we all have the right to move down the street "without undue delay, hazard or restriction?" According to those in charge of our city's streets, apparently not.


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Galvanic Isolator or Isolating Transformer, which is best and why?
All shore power appliances on your boat are always connected through the earth wire on the shore power cable to appliances on all the other boats in the marina. The potential dangers to valuable underwater fittings is well known, so there must be an important reason for it. The earth pin on a three pin plug is fatter and longer than the other two, and so it is fair to assume that it is carries the most current or is in some way the most important. Actually, the earth pin plug does absolutely nothing, or hopefully, does absolutely nothing ever. The reason that it is fatter is to prevent it being pushed into the wrong hole and it is longer so that it makes contact before and after the other two.
So why do we have to have it? And why do some appliances not have it? The answer is to provide an easy route to earth in the event of a fault developing in an appliance. On any metal cased appliance if the the live comes into contact with the casing, which is earthed, it will conduct a current to earth through the wire rather than through you. Appliances that are double insulated, usually by having plastic casings, are not fitted with earths as there is no way that the live supply can come into contact.
So it is quite safe to disconnect the earth wire for 99.9999% of the time. That is provided it can be re-instated when necessary. The purpose of a GALVANIC ISOLATOR is to disconnect the earth wire for all voltages below 2 volts. A quick look at a galvanic scale of metals shows that the maximum potential difference or voltage that can be generated by dissimilar metals is about 1.8 volts between magnesium and gold, an unlikely combination agreed! But it is taken as the threshold. Your vessel is insulated from all the other vessels for galvanic voltages. But at all voltages above 2 volts the earth connection is re-instated, thereby maintaining a protective route to earth in the event of a fault.
An ISOLATING TRANSFORMER is completely different although the effective galvanic protection is the same. In this device there is never any continuous earth wire connection. It is a large transformer that effectively generates the vessels 240 volt AC supply within the vessel, therefore the earth connection need only be routed back to the transformer within the vessel for the vessels own ground fault protection to work.
A residual current device (RCD) doesn't actually need connection to earth for it to work. It compares the supply current flowing through the live to the return current flowing through the neutral as they should always be the same. If there is any imbalance it is assumed that the current is returning to earth another way, i.e. possibly through you, so its breaks the supply.
So which is best? Isolating transformers are big heavy and expensive, whereas galvanic isolators are small, light and cheap. Case closed! You may think that, but galvanic isolators have their limitations. They will not protect from voltages above 2 volts. Marina pontoon electrical supplies work in very difficult environments which can frequently have faults. These can often result in the earth wire carrying a small voltage. This voltage is not enough to cause a problem itself, and will not be sensed by an RCD as it only monitors the live and neutral wires. It will however cause the galvanic isolator to go into continuity thereby defeating its purpose.
The other limitation is that galvanic isolators can fail. They are usually designed like all electrical devices to 'fail safe'. That is to fail into a safe condition for the earth leakage protection function of the earth wire. So they fail into continuity which is not 'safe' for the vessel. As many of the cheaper devices are simply two terminal, in and out, there is no means by which the failure of the device can be monitored. As there should be no current flowing in the earth wire there is nothing to reliably power a monitoring system. You could have one that has been giving no effective protection for years without knowing it.
So the old adage is that you get what you pay for. Isolating transformers are clearly the best if you are prepared to pay for it. Particularly wise on a steel or aluminium hulled vessel. A galvanic isolator can do much the same job but look for a system with a proper monitoring function with a display at the chart table if possible.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
For an automated selection of tasks to process, operators can use the Get Next Work logic. Get Next Work automatically prompts users with an assignment that currently has the highest urgency in work queues and work groups that the operator can access.
- In the header of Dev Studio, click.
- On the Operators tab, select an operator that you want
Tip: To find your operator faster, in the Search Text field, enter the operator name, and then click Search.
- On the Work tab, in the Organizational
unit section, define the affiliation of the operator within the
organization by clicking Update, and then provide a
relevant organization, division, and unit.
For example: For an organization, enter the name of your company, for example, UPlusTelco, and then provide a division and unit, such as BankingOperations for a division and Mortgages for a unit.
- In the Team field, enter a work group to which the user
belongs.A work group defines routing of tasks and a reporting manager of the user.
For example: If you create Team A to review mortgage requests and Team B to investigate issues with mortgage operations, the two teams can use separate areas of your application so that the work is logically separated.
- Optional: To assign a user to multiple work groups, click Add a work group, in the text box enter a work group, and then select the radio button next to the work group that you want to set as the default.
- Optional: To enhance the reporting options of your application, in the Reports to field, enter the reporting manager for the user.
- Optional: To enable routing of tasks based on a skillset, in the
Skill field, enter the ability of the user, and then
in the Rating field, enter the level of the
ability.You can apply a rating from 1 to 10, where 10 implies the highest level of the skill.
For example: To indicate that a user is a fluent speaker of French, in the Skill field, enter French, and then in the Rating field, enter 10.
- Optional: To allow the user to process assignments from a work queue that corresponds
with the user's work group, in the Work queue section,
click Add item, and then provide a work queue and an
urgency threshold.During Get Next Work processing, your application ignores assignments with urgency lower than the urgency threshold. For more information about Get Next Work, see Customizing the Get Next Work logic.
- Optional: To assign the user to multiple work queues, click Add item, and then repeat step 8.
- Optional: To trigger the Get Next Work algorithm to retrieve assignments from the work
queues of the user first, select the Get from work queues
first check box.Otherwise, Get Next Work picks up the top assignment on the user worklist, and accesses work queues only if this user's worklist is empty.
For example: If a user is a member of the Team A to review mortgage requests, the Next Get Work algorithm suggests assignments that the application routes to the Team A work queue first and then moves to the assignments from the user's individual worklist.
- Optional: To trigger the Get Next Work algorithm to retrieve assignments from all work queues that correspond with the team that you provided in step 4, select the Use all work queue assignments in user's team check box.
- Optional: To trigger the Next Assignment item to consolidate assignments from all of the
work queues of the user, sort by assignment urgency, and return the most urgent
assignment in any work queue, select the Merge work
queues check box.If you select the Use all work queue assignments in user's team check box in step 11, the system selects the Merge work queues check box by default and you cannot clear this check box.
- Click Save.


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Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow _USER_ on Twitter
Researcher Jinha Lee at MIT has developed a remarkable way to interact with computers — via a programmable, intelligent and gravity-defying metal ball.
The concept, called "ZeroN", is demonstrated in the video above. Fascinating!
Using magnets and computer-controlled motors, ZeroN hovers in mid-air between two control units. Its movements can be pre-programmed or it can react to objects in its environment, and it can apparently "learn" new movements as it is interacted with.
Lee demonstrates how it could be used to control camera positions in 3D applications, and (my favorite) model the motions of planets and stars.
"ZeroN is about liberating materials from the constraints of space and time by blending the physical and digital world," Lee states on his website.
ZeroN is still in its development stages and obviously needs refining (the 3D camera isn't much use if the ball is wobbling) but the premise is interesting. I can see something like this being, at the very least, a mesmerizing interactive display for museums, classrooms and multimedia presentations.
Of course, with a little ingenuity a whole world of applications could open up for such a zero-g interface. (I'm sure Tony Stark already has a dozen on pre-order!)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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PLC always overrides SRG which always overrides MFG constant. So the short answer is that you can't over ride the PLC directly. However, there are ways to use the program without using your PLC.
Are you sure you want to? Keep in mind that the STATISTICS that determine the PLC are extensive, take into account outliers, make multiple passes on the data and weigh the most recent data as the most important. But if for some reason you don't want to use it then any of the following approaches will work.
- Use a different PROCEDURE like STD PHACO2
- create a new Surgeon
- delete enough POST-OP data so that a PLC can no longer be calculated
- start over with an empty database.


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ASAM MCD-2 CERP is an extension of the ISO OTX standard (ISO 13209), which defines functions to describe calibration parameter dependencies. The current version covers the use-case of calibration parameter checking. The standard may be extended in the future to include the use-case of calibration parameter calculation. Tools, which cover such use-cases, are broadly named "Calibration Expert Systems".
The standard is an attempt to solve the problem of the steadily growing number of calibration parameters in ECU software and their variants. What turns out as an even bigger problem is that the parameter dependencies and variants become increasingly more enmeshed and complex. Ensuring that there are no contradictions and violations of (written or unwritten) rules within the calibration data set of an ECU becomes a task that can not be handled via reviews and the calibration expert's "attention" alone any longer. Some OEMs and ECU supplier companies started to develop in-house tools, which allow to automate the task of calibration parameter checking.
ASAM MCD-2 CERP provides a standardized way for defining calibration parameter dependency rules. The standard has functions for access to database information (according to ASAM MCD-2 MC), calibration runtime data (values, units) and the product model exchange file. Additionally, sophisticated check functions and procedures are defined to compare and validate data. The standard includes a product model that describes properties and features of the system, which are not calibration parameters in the ECU, such as the number of cylinders or the emission law to which the vehicle has to comply with. Since OTX can be considered as a programming language that is Turing-complete, it is possible to write arbitrary check routines including branches, loops, conditions and mathematical calculations. This allows software engineers and calibration experts to write check scripts that formalize empiric calibration knowledge and relevant information about the control loop, software and hardware design. This expert knowledge is then used to validate calibration data. The result of a check routine consists of a status, messages and the severity of detected problems.
The standard allows that calibration parameter checking rules can be expressed in a formalized language, their execution can be automated and can be freely exchanged between the OEM, its ECU suppliers and other involved parties in the ECU development process. Issues with calibration parameters can be found early on in the development process, saving significant time and money.
AVL LIST GmbH, dSPACE GmbH, ETAS GmbH, RA Consulting GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Vector Informatik GmbH, ZF Friedrichshafen AG.


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Did the Ancients Live Longer?
Methuselah is said to of lived 969 years (Genesis 5:27). Allum, the first Sumerian king, ruled for 28,800 years, but the numbers in Genesis 5 and the Sumerian King List may be based on the sexagesimal system of the base 60 which the Sumerians invented. That is why we have 60 seconds in a minute, and 60 minutes in an hour. The oldest known way was to count each day, so if one divides by 360 (the number of days in their year), one will come up with the number of years he ruled which is 80 years. The next set of reigns after the great flood in the Sumerian King List is much lower and is probably based on lunar months (or 60), and the final set is most likely solar years (see also Walton, 1981, 207, and 1989, 129; Herodotus I:32).
Robert Best argues that scribes mistranslated the archaic Sumerian time sign U4 for year as "shar" meaning 3600 (1999, 118). Land sale documents were usually dated with the regnal year, month, and day (Ibid., 121). This may be the original way that the Sumerian King List should be understood, so 18 shar would equal 18 years. For more information see his Website and click on How old was Noah? at
Next - Where is the Garden of Eden?


bool OEMMFFAtomTypes(OEMolBase &mol)
Assigns MMFF94 integer atom type to atoms in passed molecule. Returns true when all atom types are successfully assigned.
The correct atom typing requires the following conditions:
 - The molecule has to have explicit hydrogens.
 - The molecule has to have (MMFF) aromaticity model.
We highly recommend assigning MMFF partial charges to a molecule by calling the OEAssignCharges function with the OEMMFF94Charges class of the Quacpac TK.


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Admin Guide: Features
The features tab contains a list of product features that are used to enhance the virtual office experience. Add features like announcements, office games, workspace chat, and employee profiles.
Enable the Announcement feature to allow your workspace members to make video or text announcements. The announcements can be targeted to specific Floors or the entire workspace.
The word game is similar to common word jumble games where participants will be presented with a set of random letters and work together to submit as many words as possible to fill the board.
By turning on Word games, members of your workspace can access them in any room in a Standard floor under the 3-dot menu. This allows for group participation at the start of a meeting.
The jigsaw puzzle is an interactive game where colleagues work together to place image pieces in the right spot until the whole image comes together. Users can increase the difficulty level and rotate to a new image.
To enable the Jigsaw puzzle, toggle the feature on. This feature will be available in any room on a Standard floor under the 3-dot menu, and allows your team to work together to solve the puzzle.
By default, Workspace chat is turned on. This allows your workspace members to communicate with everyone in the workspace. The Workspace chat feature includes:
- Everyone chat, which reaches everyone within the workspace.
- Floor chat, which will target everyone present on that current floor.
- Room chat, which is the chat thread that is specific to each room.
- These can be erased after each thread by editing under the Settings tab.
- Direct messages, which are private between two members.
Turning on profiles is a great way for other members to identify each other. As an administrator, you have the ability to edit the profile fields and the icons associated with each topic.
- Each field you label will become a free form answer to be filled out by your workspace members when they first arrive in the workspace.
- You can add a field by clicking "Add a profile field."
- You can remove a field by hovering over the field, and clicking the "x"
- You can edit the icon by clicking the icon to change and using the options available.
- Users can update their profile at any time while in the workspace by selecting "Edit Profile" after clicking on their avatar in the top right corner on their screen.


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European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register – Update – 2010 data now available
The European Commission and the European Environment Agency today published updated information on releases and transfers of pollutants from industrial installations included in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). E-PRTR is a comprehensive online register which contains information on emissions of pollutants to air, water and land by industrial facilities in 32 European countries. The register includes annual data for 91 substances released from more than 29 870 facilities in 65 economic activities. E-PRTR also provides additional environmental information, such as the amount and types of waste transferred from facilities to waste handlers both inside and outside each country, and maps of certain non-industrial sources of emissions. The new dataset contains information for the year 2010 and updated information for certain countries for the earlier years 2007 – 2009. The full dataset of E-PRTR is hosted by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in its Data Service.
Over the coming months, EEA will perform a number of quality checks on these data received from countries. An updated dataset will be published in October 2012 after corrections are received from countries.


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Location: 225, Bolivar St. Montserrat
It was the largest Jesuit temple and today is the oldest church in Buenos Aires. The temple still maintains elements from the 17th. Century in its structure. Behind the baroque façade there are images, paintings and furniture inside from the 18th. Century.
Construction began in 1686, on top of the adobe walls of an earlier temple that stood there. The temple was finished in 1675, dedicated to the Saint Founder of the Order.
After 1712 it was refurbished by Juan Kraus keeping the existing façade and towers. In the work helped the Jesuits Bianchi, Wolff, Weger and Prímoli.
It was consecrated in 1734 and it was the City Cathedral between 1775 and 1791 after the Jesuits had been expelled. Became a military barracks during the resistance against the British invasion in 1806.During 1816 and 1820 important open chapters (Cabildos Abiertos) and meetings were held here. A university was created in 1821. In 1955 the temple was set on fire intentionally during social riots.


Why Kids Are Good For Men
© Full House - Credit:Jeff Franklin Productions
Why Kids Are Good For Men
Scientifically Proven: The Real Impact Of A Good Father
Men with lower testosterone levels tend to have way fewer stints in jail cells or drug rehab clinics.
Fatherhood brings a myriad of new experiences to a man's life: Being handed a whining kid after a long day at the office, Saturday morning rink time with kids who skate on their ankles, kids barfing in your bed. So who says fatherhood is rewarding?
Fatherhood: a life-saver, literally
Well, science does. A new 19-year study shows that one of the best ways to become a better man is to become an involved father. The study followed more than 200 at-risk boys and looked at a host of deviant behaviors such as criminal activity, alcohol use and marijuana use, and compared them to various life changes. The results? The single most important factor that leads men to clean up their act is fatherhood. Even more so than finding a good woman. And the men who waited until their late 20s or early thirties to become fathers had the greatest benefits. Teen fathers didn't benefit so much.
So why are kids the magic that can turn a bad man good? While there are plenty of psychological and social factors such as the role of care-giving, teaching and the responsibility of being a provider, there is also one big biological factor: testosterone. Soon after a baby is born, a new father's testosterone drops. If he is involved in some form of daily care of that baby, his testosterone drops even more steeply.
Testosterone can be your enemy
Testosterone has long been known as a contributing factor to crime and other forms of deviant behavior in men. Men with lower testosterone levels tend to have way fewer stints in jail cells or drug rehab clinics.
But before you jump to the conclusion that men with lower testosterone tend to be the homey types who settle down behind a white picket fence and therefore show up on fatherhood studies, think again. Men with high testosterone levels are most likely to become fathers. One of testosterone's great features, besides influencing criminal activity, is that is fuels male-to-male competition for mates. So the highly sexual and aggressive dudes get the girl, and if they hang out and participate in fatherhood, they also get a good-guy makeover.
Oh, and let's not dismiss the importance of a close and loving relationship with a baby mama. Marriage and committed romance help a man lower a particular stress hormone. Adult committed love can reduce stress and increase a man's health. Single men often have poorer health than married men and fathers. Researchers speculate that this, again, could be related to lower testosterone levels that might protect them against certain chronic diseases as they age. Marriage has also been shown to help men recover from cancer easier and acquire more wealth.
But if you're just looking to clean up your act and walk the straight and narrow, try diaper changing. For bad boys, kids can be life-changing.
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Cameroon, a country which features as Africa in miniature version, is famous for its national team in football game. But, other than all of these, Cameroon is more famous for its music, especially Makossa and Bikutsi.
Makossa, which means "dance" in the Douala language, originated from a Douala dance called the kossa. Like much other late 20th century music of Sub-Saharan Africa, it uses strong electric bass rhythms and prominent brass. In the 1980s makossa had a wave of mainstream success across Africa and to a lesser extent abroad. Makossa is a type of funky dance music, best known outside Africa for Manu Dibango, whose 1972 single "Soul Makossa" was an international hit. y the 1970s, bikutsi performers like Maurice Elanga, Les Veterans and Mbarga Soukous added brass instruments. In 1980, L'Equipe Nationale de Makossa was formed, joining the biggest makossa stars of the period together, including Grace Decca, Ndedi Eyango, Ben Decca, Guy Lobe and Dina Bell. Makossa in the 80s saw a wave of mainstream success across Africa and, to a lesser degree, abroad, as Latin influences, French Antilles zouk, and pop music changed its form.
The word 'bikutsi' literally means 'beat the earth' or 'let's beat the earth' (bi– indicates a plural, –kut– means 'to beat' and –chi means 'earth'.) The name indicates a dance that is accompanied by stomping the feet on the ground. Bikutsi is characterised by an intense rhythm (3+3, with a strong "two" feel), though it is occasionally and its tempo is usually quarternote.It is played at all sorts of Beti gatherings, including parties, funerals and weddings.
Beti gatherings fall into two major categories:
1. Ekang phase: the time when imaginary, mythological and spiritual issues are discussed
2. Bikutsi phase: when real-life issues are discussed
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- smillennium
To Be or Not To Be: How Do You Know Whether Ser or Estar Is Correct?
This is a very common question we hear from students learning Spanish, and not just beginners. Spanish has more than one verb where English has only "to be," and that can be confusing. Sometimes it's very clear which verb you should use, but not always.
This article will help clear up the basic difference between these two verbs. I'll start with the most common uses, where there is usually no problem in identifying when to use ser and estar correctly.
Use this verb when you are describing anything – a person, object, feeling, event, etc. – and talking about its essential characteristics. And by essential, I do mean its essence: the characteristics of a person or thing that are more or less permanent require the use of the verb ser. Here are some examples.
Physical characteristics of things:
Physical characteristics of people: body type (tall, short, thin, blonde, brunette)
Professions and occupations (teacher, student, doctor, lawyer, etc.)
Geographic or ethnic origin (she is Colombian, or she is from Colombia)
Example: "Antonio ES colombiano, ES de Bogotá. Antonio ES alto, moreno y delgado, él ES un abogado comercial. Antonio ES una buena persona"
Use this verb instead when you are referring to:
A status or mood: you should also use estar when you're talking about the condition of a person or thing. This includes how you would respond when asked a question about "how" someone or something is, for example:
- ¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien
- La mesa está sucia (dirty)
- Pedro está feliz (happy)
The physical location of either a person or a thing: whenever you're talking about positioning, it's easy to know that you should use estar. This includes any time you want to say things like:
- My parents are at home – Mis padres están en casa
- The book is on the desk – El libro está en el escritorio
- My house is in New York – Mi casa está en Nueva York
Exception: When you are talking about where an event is taking place, you will use verb ser. For example: La fiesta es en la casa de Ana, la clase es en el aula 104.
"Arturo ESTÁ en su oficina ahora, él trabaja hasta muy tarde. La esposa de Arturo ESTÁ en casa y sus hijos ESTÁN en la universidad ahora. Arturo ESTÁ muy cansado por el trabajo, su esposa ESTÁ feliz porque tienen una nueva casa en Florida, la casa ESTÁ muy cerca a la playa. Los hijos de Arturo ESTÁN muy ocupados con los exámenes de la universidad. Ellos SON muy estudiosos"
Here as you can see, we use verb ESTAR always when we talk about location and status or moods, however at the end of the paragraph we use verb SER to mention Arturo's kids characteristics, they are very studious.
Ser o Estar?
But, sometimes the use of either verb can be correct, depending on what the person really wants to express. Are you talking about a characteristic or about a status?
Compare, for example:
"Pedro ES delgado." Pedro is thin: this is a physical characteristic. We are describing Pedro's body type, which is permanent or would only change gradually.
"Pedro ESTÁ Delgado." Pedro is thin now; it seems like he's lost weight. We are noting a change in condition, a difference in status, not a more or less permanent characteristic.
You get the difference?
Now compare in a conversation between Pedro and Miguel:
M: Pedro, ERES delgado! (Pedro, you are thin)
P: Si, lo sé, SOY delgado. (yes, I know, I am thin)
M: Pero Pedro, ESTÁS delgado (But Pedro, you look thinner)
P: Si, estoy a dieta, perdí 5 kilos, ESTOY delgado. (yes, I'm on a diet, I lost 5 kilos. I am thinner)
Another example:
"Esa flor ES amarilla." That flower is yellow, which is its inherent characteristic. This could be a sunflower or daffodil.
"Esa flor ESTÁ amarilla." That flower is yellow: it looks that way now. This mean its status: for instance, the flower is dying, has had too much sun, or needs water.
Like these cases we have many, others just change the meaning completely, but I would say the key to understand when to use each one is: essential characteristics use SER, while status, condition, and location use ESTAR.
You can find more resources online. Spanish Millennium also offers workshops with specific subjects like "Ser y Estar" in addition to regular classes. Contact us if you're interested.
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SAT Homeschool Matric
The SAT homeschool matric is a borrowed format from those who have gone before us – homeschoolers in the USA – and is still getting recognition in South Africa.
What are SAT exams?
SAT = Scholastic Aptitude Tests and is a form of standardized testing used in the USA for college acceptance. SAT exams are administered by the College Board in the USA.
What qualification does the student get?
The SAT exam does not get your child a qualification as we are used to in South Africa but it is taken at the end of their Grade 12 year, or when your student has worked enough hours to complete their required credits per subject.
What subjects must the student study for the SAT homeschool matric?
The SAT only tests students in three areas – maths, reading and writing. The other subjects are made up through the course or curriculum that you choose for your students credit work.
A parent who has put two of her children through SAT says: "Do a Google search on Amazon.com on SAT Prep Guides and there are literally hundreds to choose from, we bought three so that we had lots of practice tests – doing at least 10 practice tests of 4hours duration each is vital before taking the test."
Where do I get textbooks?
SAT exam prep books can be purchased through
and worked through at a scheduled pace to be well prepared by the time the exam comes around.
Where does the student write their SAT Homeschool Matric exams?
Students have the option of writing the SAT exam 6 times throughout the year in South Africa. These exams are written at most major centres in South Africa and the main university in that centre hosts the exams. They cost $45 per exam.
There are two SAT type tests – SAT1 is the Reasoning Test that tests English Reading, Comprehension, Language and Writing, Maths (all except Trigonometry) and Critical Reasoning or Thinking, it is also a timed test. There are 2400 marks – 800 in the Writing/Lang section, 800 in the Reading/comp and 800 in the Math/Critical Reasoning section, and they have 4 hours to complete the test with each of the 10 sections being given a specific time limit.
The SAT2 are subject tests that students can take in a specific subject area. For example Physics, Chemistry, Biology Eng Lit, Spanish, etc.
USA Universities mostly only require SAT1 as it tests for college readiness rather than an ability to learn content material.
What are credits?
Credits = hours spent working on subject content. Depending on how creative you are going to be with your high school homeschool student, credits can be obtained through working directly from a textbook all the way through to real life spent studying their topics of interest.
A good explanation on how to keep track of credits can be found here
What is a homeschool transcript?
A homeschool transcript is the completed document which details all the hours (i.e. credits) that your student has acquired in Grades 9 – 12.
A sample transcript can be seen on this webpage and a blank one downloaded to use.
Which tertiary institutions recognize this combination for matric exemption?
In the USA many universities grant admission based on good SAT scores plus a homeschool transcript. However, this is NOT the case in South Africa.
HESA will grant a matric certificate with foreign conditional exemption if a student has the following:
- American High School Diploma or General Education Diploma (GED) accompanied by letter of admission from an appropriately accredited US university or alternatively the required SAT score as indicated below
- SAT I score of 1600 with a sub-minimum of 550 for Critical Reading and 500 for Mathematics
However, we do know of a young South African homeschooler who scored very well on the SAT exam, had studied through an American distance education college, had a thorough homeschool transcript and held an acceptance letter to a college in the United States.
This homeschool graduate is now studying law at a tertiary institution in Gauteng.
Other homeschool curriculum providers (ACE for example) offer SATs at the end of the students' homeschool careers as the homeschool matric and then apply for Senatorial discretion to gain acceptance to university.
It would be advisable to contact the faculty of the university and find out in advance what their entrance requirements will be.
More Pages Related to SAT Homeschool Matric
High School Homeschool South African Options
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Homeschool Matric
SAT homeschool matric l l Home l Child Literature Lesson Plans l Afrikaans Language Programs l Contact l Homeschool FAQ's l Contact l Footprints FAQ's l Free Homeschool Curricula l Free Printables l Highschool l Articles l SA Homeschool Events l Free Ezine l Home school Help l Maths Programs l English Language Programs l Site Updates l


Castle Doctrine in California
In California, it is a common misconception that self-defense protections pertaining to a person's home extend beyond the home and onto the curtilage or onto the public property.
California law provides protections for the use of deadly force inside a person's residence that would otherwise be unavailable outside of the home. The law also provides a homeowner with a right to "stand your ground" inside your home, meaning that one does not have a duty to retreat from such threat, even if a safe retreat was possible. Legal protections within the home are often referred to as the "Castle Doctrine."
Let's examine how California law applies to the use of deadly force in a person's home.
What the Law Says
Unlike use of force in public, which is an affirmative defense a defendant may raise at trial after being charged with a criminal offense, California law goes one step further for home invasion matters and creates a presumption that a homeowner was in fear of death or great bodily injury in certain situations. As noted, California law does not require a person whose life is threatened within their residence to retreat from an intruder, even if that option is available.
A presumption under the law simply means unless the State proves otherwise, the presumption applies. That is called a "rebuttable presumption." Basically, the prosecution would have the burden of proof of negating the presumption. This is different from a law that provides immunity from prosecution for specific conduct.
If we break this statute down further, the law presumes a homeowner was reasonably afraid of death or great bodily injury if the following elements are present:
 - An intruder unlawfully or forcibly entered, or was in the process of entering, the defendant's home;
 - The defendant knew about the illegal/forced entry into the defendant's home;
 - The intruder was not a member of the defendant's household or family and/or had not been invited to enter; AND
 - The defendant used force, or was reasonably viewed as threatening to use force, likely to cause death or great bodily injury to the occupants inside the home.
Self-Defense Outside the Home
There are several important distinctions here that extend additional protections to incidents that occur inside the home versus in public. First, this law automatically creates a presumption that the resident was reasonably afraid of death or great bodily injury if the above criteria are met. This is different than California's affirmative defense that may be raised to defend against a charge involving the use of force in public, which requires the defendant to have a reasonable belief that he or she was in imminent danger, reasonably believed the immediate use of force was necessary, and used no more force than was reasonably necessary to defend.
Second, if a defendant is entitled to an instruction under Cal. Penal Code § 198.5, a prosecutor must overcome the presumption with sufficient evidence. This means that the prosecutor must prove that the defendant did not have a reasonable fear of imminent death or injury to himself or herself or to a member of his or her family or household, when he or she used force against the intruder because at least one of the above criteria was not true.
Additionally, note that California's Castle Doctrine creates a presumption of fear of death or great bodily injury only when an intruder enters a residence. "Enters" is the operative word here, meaning the protections provided under this statute do not extend beyond the physical walls of the home. If the intruder remains on your lawn, or just close by, but does not actually enter the home or attempt to enter, then the Castle Doctrine would not apply.
An Example: People v. Johnnie Brown
For example, in People v. Brown, 8 Cal.Rptr.2d 513 (Cal. App. 1992), a homeowner was convicted at trial of assault with a deadly weapon after he shot and injured an intruder who came upon the defendant's front porch, but did not actually "enter" the physical residence. The intruder raised a hammer into the air and was approaching the defendant on the front porch when defendant shot him in the leg. This case, again, shows that all cases involving a use of potentially deadly force are highly fact specific.
Upon being convicted, the defendant appealed. The California Court of Appeals for the Third District concluded the defendant was not entitled to a jury instruction under Cal. Penal Code § 198.5 because, "Although there was evidence that the victim's entry onto the defendant's front porch was unlawful and forcible, an entry onto a front porch…does not constitute entry into a residence as required…[U]nder these circumstances, a residential occupant does not have a reasonable expectation of protection from unauthorized intrusion onto the porch and thus an entry there does not entitle a defendant occupant to an instruction based on section 198.5. In this situation, the occupant is left with the standard instructions on self-defense." Again, this meant that the burden of establishing "self-defense" was on the defendant, and obviously the jury rejected his claim.
The Bottom Line
Deadly force should always be used as a last resort due to a perceived threat to your life or someone else's life that is both dire and immediate. Indeed, California requires as much. Even in the home, all incidents involving the use of deadly force will be thoroughly scrutinized based on the specific facts of each case. However, legal firearm owners in California should take some comfort in knowing that California law does recognize your home as your "castle" and extends additional protections to homeowners that use deadly force against intruders within their home. Again, even inside your castle, the use of force must be proportional to the nature and extent of the threat.
If you have any questions regarding gun laws or your rights, call U.S. LawShield and ask to speak with your Independent Program Attorney.


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In the early 1950s an absolute legend, Sir William (Bill) Hamilton began experimenting in his yard with Jet Boats. Through many trials and hard work, he successfully created one of the best inventions to date. He pioneered the development of the Jet Boats we use today, what a legend, we appreciate you, good Sir.
How do our boats work you may ask? Well, the jet unit that sits at the back allows our boats to skim shallow water by using the power of waterjet propulsion. In a nutshell, the water gets sucked up through the jet unit and then forced out thus creating the forward motion and rapid speed.
The Go Orange Jet Boat pumps out enough water to reach speeds of 95kmph in shallow waters. We only need 10cm of that precious glacial water to power down the river, which is why you will see our boats hitting what may look like the edges of the river. These boats are designed to be the highly maneuverable meaning we can navigate small gaps, shallow water, and tight spins. Passing under the Kawarau Bridge we need to know our boats are at the top of their game, steering you through and performing those famous 360's.
So, now you know about the history of the Jet Boats, where they began and why we call our spins the Hamilton Spin you should probably come and experience it for yourself, right?


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usage (plural usages)
- The manner or the amount of using; use
- Habit or accepted practice
- (lexicography) The ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis.
- Correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority.
- Geographic, social, or temporal restrictions on the use of words.
the manner or the amount of using; use
habit or accepted practice
the way words are spoken or written in a community
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
- "usage" in R.R.K. Hartmann and Gregory James, Dictionary of Lexicography, Routledge, 1998.
- Sydney I. Landau (2001), Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, p 217.
usage m (plural usages)
- usage, use
- (lexicography) The ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority).
- "usage" in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).


text:
0 1 5 10 12buttons on top of page represent photo heights of:
40px 133px 500px 1000px and 1200px
* There are 3 modes of display (
Z) for a single photo:
1)normal, 2)background stretch, and 3)height or width stretch
Navigation - single photo* Click mouse in left/right part of the screen
* Use +/- 5 10 20 50 buttons to skip forward/backward
* Use right/left keyboard arrow keys
* Use keyboard keys eg
Round Tailed Ground Squirrels
Ground Squirrels burrow in loose soil.
Round Tailed Ground Squirrelsweigh 4-8oz, are 8-11 inches long including 2-4 inch tail, have a uniform sandy color, a long round tail and hairy hind feet.
Their gestation period (fertilization to birth) is 28 days, with an average of 5.4 pups per litter. Males are dominant during the breeding season of Jan-March and females dominate during raising of the young March-April.
|5. Babies 2015|
|6. Babies 2016|
|7. Babies 2017|
|8. Babies 2018|
|9. Babies 2019|


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Analytic characterizations of Mazur's intersection property via convex functions
- 数学科学－已发表论文
In this paper, we present analytical characterizations of Mazur's intersection property (MIP), the CIP and the MIP* via a specific class of convex functions and their conjugates. More precisely, let X be a Banach space and X* be its dual. Then X has the MIP if and only if for every extended real-valued lower semi-continuous convex function f defined on X with bounded domain, f is the supremum of all functions g <= f of the form: g(x) = r(0) - root R-2 - parallel to x - x(0)parallel to(2), if parallel to x - x(0)parallel to <= R; = + infinity, otherwise for some x(0) is an element of X (X*) and r(0) is an element of R, R > 0. And X has the CIP if and only if for every extended real-valued lower semi-continuous convex function on X with relatively compact domain, f* is the infimum of all functions h >= f* which are of the form: h(x*) = R-0 root 1 + parallel to x*parallel to(2) + (x*, x(0)) + r(0), for all x* is an element of X*. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
出处JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS，2012,262（11）：4731-4745


How to mine Sia Coin using graphic cards?
How to mine Sia Coin using graphic cards?
The Sia network aims to create a decentralized data storage network, using free space on disks.
Sia uses blockchain technology as a transaction layer for her network, enabling the purchase and sale of hosting power in a secure and trusted way. Smart contracts provide encryption and data transfer, leaving no room for interference by third parties.
Sia uses Siacoin (SC) cryptocurrency. The initial prize for the block was 300,000 SC. Each subsequent prize for a block is one smaller than the previous one (299.999, 299.998, etc.). When the prize for mining the block reaches 30,000 (at 270,000 block), each next prize will be 30,000 SC. The block is mined every 10 minutes.
In this guide we will use the "ccminer" software. So, lets do it!
1. Installation
There are several different programs to mine Siacoin, but most of them offer similar features and performance. In this guide, we use the ccminer program, but if you like, you can use another program - more on the official site of Sia.
Step 1: Click here to go to github - CCminer 8.00 from KlausT. After entering the website, select your operating system from the list (in our case it is 64-bit Windows 10).
Step 2: After the download, extract it, then create a folder called "siacoin miner".
Step 3: Exit the folder and select Pool, as you can see in the
Step 4: Now you will have to create the batch file, so first open the Notepad, copy the following command and paste into the Notepad. This command will allow you to connect to the Pool:
ccminer.exe -a sia -e --url=stratum+tcp:// -u YourWalletAddress.YourName -i 28
This is just an example, below I've written examples for specific locations:
 - if you're from Asia / Pacific, replace "" with ""
 - if you're from Europe, replace "" with ""
 - if you're from the USA, replace "" with ""
 - if you are from the East, leave ""
Where "YourWalletAddress" is entered, you paste your Sia wallet address.
(To be able to mine, you will need a Siacoin wallet The fastest way to create a Siacoin wallet is to use the exchange, eg Binance. You can sell your coins there immediately.)
And where 'YourName' is, enter your name. (It is so logical that I do not know why I write about it :D).
(Leave the dot between the address and the name)
At this moment, we need to save this text file as a batch file. Click on the "file" tab and select "save as", then select the folder you created, (for us it is "siacoin miner") save as "Start.bat" (".bat" is a diminutive from batch) and press "save".
2. Start mining
Step 1: Open the folder "siacoin miner" and double click on the "Start.bat" file.
That's all. After starting mining, you can see your progress by visiting, next to our address Siacoin in "address field" and press "go":


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Under a deregulated environment, ancillary services (AS) are defined as the set of products separated from the energy production, which are related to security and reliability of a power system. Ancillary services can be classified in: (a) active power ancillary services (load–frequency control (LFC)—including primary control, automatic generation control (AGC), tertiary control, balancing service and black start provision) and (b) reactive power ancillary services (voltage control). The system operator is the entity responsible for the secure operation of the power system and in this way, the management of all the AS is considered a specific function of the system operator. Under a deregulated framework, ancillary services are separated from the energy production, and can be mandatory or remunerated under market-driven mechanisms. This paper overviews the management of ancillary services in the Spanish power system, including a detailed technical description of the services and the organization of the ancillary services markets. In addition, a comprehensive review of different optimization algorithms and tools used by the agents and system operator within the Spanish electricity business is presented.
Keywords: Ancillary services; VAR/voltage control; Load–frequency control (LFC); Automatic generation control (AGC); Power loss reduction; Optimal power
Electric Power Systems Research. Volumen: 78 Numero: 3 Páginas: 515-523
Publicado en papel: Marzo 2008.


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Nonlinear quantization effects in the frequency domain complex scalar LMS adaptive algorithm
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2 Author(s)
Sherwood, D. ; Rockwell International, Anaheim, CA ; Bershad, N.J.
Nonlinear quantization effects in the frequency domain complex scalar LMS adaptive algorithm are analyzed by using conditional expectations. The probability density function of the quantizer input, conditioned on the weight, is derived. The density is applied to finding the conditional characteristic function and the Mth conditional moment at the quantizer output. The first and second conditional moments of the quantizer output are used to derive difference equations that approximate the dynamical behavior of the first and second weight moments. These difference equations are solved numerically and compare favorably to simulation results. A model of the quantizer as an additive noise source is of no analytical value since the quantizatian noise has negligible effect on the mean square error when the model is valid. Finally, a design approach is proposed for selecting the number of bits in the weight accumulator. The moment equations are also used to determine the algorithm mean square error for different quantizer step sizes and the optimum algorithm step size μ when a fixed amount of input data is available for adaptation.
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Date of Publication:
Feb 1986
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4 reasons for unequal bequests
| Nov 27, 2018 | Uncategorized |
Unequal bequests can wreak havoc on a family when they read the will. Children typically expect that assets will get divided evenly. Three children all expect the same amount of money, for example, or they expect to share ownership of real estate.
However, parents sometimes opt to leave unequal bequests, which can lead to some serious disputes. Children feel insulted. They feel like their parents didn't love them as much as their siblings. They feel like the estate plan rips them off. They take all these frustrations to court.
So why do parents do it? Below are four potential reasons that they leave unequal amounts to their kids:
1. Lack of contact
Parents may lose touch with one child over time, while keeping in touch with others. This level of contact can make a difference. They may be willing to leave more to the children they feel closer to, while cutting the estranged child out to some degree — or removing them from the will completely. This is especially an issue if some children ignored the relationship while others actively helped care for their elderly parents in old age.
2. Favoring biological children
With blended families and stepchildren, the biological children may get favor from their parents. This may mean that the way assets get passed down depends on which parent passes away first. Either way, the stepchildren of the remaining parent could find themselves getting less than their brothers and sisters.
3. Favoring one marriage over another
Another potential issue is when parents get remarried and then have biological children with the new partner. Now they have children from an older marriage that failed or ended, and they have children from a current — or at least more recent — marriage. They could favor one set of children, depending on the way that the marriages played out, even though the children have nothing to do with that directly.
4. Providing for those who need it
One of the most common reasons for unequal bequests is when the parents feel that one child needs money more than the other. A child with massive amounts of debt and a low-paying job may end up getting more than a child with no debt and a good career.
The problem is that the child who gets less may feel like it's a punishment for a successful life, rather than a reward. Regardless of the clear need, this can lead to estate disputes.
Resolving disputes
These disputes can be long, complex and emotionally charged. It is critical that those working to resolve them know all of the legal options they have and what steps to take moving forward.
FindLaw Network


Translating Verbal Expressions
The language of math is used all around us, everyday. Verbal phrases can be translated into mathematical expressions. For example, you can write an expression to represent how much a realtor will earn at a 5% commission on a house that costs x dollars as:.05x. For this discussion, create a verbal phrase to describe a real-world scenario and translate it into a mathematical expression.
Essay Hope


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Achieving Competitive Employment
The ACE (Achieving Competitive Employment) program helps individuals with disabilities to get and keep jobs. Our aim is to provide resources to identify, develop, and utilize employable skills and abilities.
ACE Staff Can Provide:
- Job search assistance: how to help employers see past a disability and understand the assets you bring to their business
- Job development: direct contact with employers to generate leads and facilitate paid placements
- Job coaching: one-to-one support to adapt to a new workplace and be successful there
Who Can Use ACE?
- You must be 16 years of age or older
- You must also have an identified disability (this can mean a lot of things – if you're not sure, ask us!)
- Resident of Guelph or Wellington County
- Ready to prepare and achieve employment
A.C.E. is funded by Ontario Disabilities Support Program Employment Supports


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Dear Abby: What is the protocol for naming a baby after a deceased person? If the name you want to use is a deceased family member's name, do we ask his next of kin for approval? Do we say nothing? Is it assumed that people who wish to use someone's name when naming their child should seek permission (whether the person is living or dead)?
Obviously, some people will use the name regardless of being granted a blessing or not, but I'm wondering what is appropriate in this situation.


text:
Lists allow you to display data collected by your forms, or from existing database tables.
- Create new list, or connect to existing databases!
- Fully relational
- Fine grained ACL
- Inline editing
- Superb filtering / pre-filtering / Grouping
- 5+ Plugins
Fabrik lists should be considered as views onto the data contained within MySQL tables. This is because with Fabrik lists you can:
- Create joins between database tables.
- Have multiple Fabrik lists pointing at the same database table.
- Each Fabrik list may then apply its own access levels and filtering to alter the display of the underlying database table's data.
MORE INFO COMING SOON


text:
Global change modifies vegetation composition in grasslands with shifts in plant functional types (PFT). Although changes in plant community composition imply changes in soil function, this relationship is not well understood. We investigated the relative importance of environmental (climatic, management and soil) variables and plant functional diversity (PFT composition and interactions) on soil activity and fertility along a climatic gradient. We collected samples of soil and PFT biomass (grasses, legumes, and non-legume forbs) in six extensively managed grasslands along a climatic gradient in the Northern Iberian Peninsula. Variation Partitioning Analysis showed that abiotic and management variables explained most of the global variability (96.5%) in soil activity and fertility; soil moisture and grazer type being the best predictors. PFT diversity accounted for 27% of the total variability, mostly in interaction with environmental factors. Diversity-Interaction models applied on each response variable revealed that PFT-evenness and pairwise interactions affected particularly the nitrogen cycle, enhancing microbial biomass nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, urease, phosphatase, and nitrification potential. Thus, soil activity and fertility were not only regulated by environmental variables, but also enhanced by PFT diversity. We underline that climate change-induced shifts in vegetation composition can alter greenhouse gas—related soil processes and eventually the feedback of the soil to the atmosphere.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


text:
Promised glory and unity of HTML5 API is falling apart. API keeps breaking with every new version of browser. That's sad.
Firefox and Google Chrome implemented File API for manipulating with files. It contained very useful function slice.
Slice allowed you to read part of file content. This was quite handy when dealing with big files.
Poorly chosen name for API function caused split in browsers unity. Here is explanation:
This method was removed in Gecko 5.0 (Firefox 5.0) because its syntax differs from that of Array.slice() and String.slice(). Work is ongoing on standardizing its replacement, but for now you can use the mozSlice() method on Gecko-based browsers.
Method was replaced by:
mozSlice – in Firefox
webkitSlice – in Google Chrome
There is one important difference in the second parameter of function:
In case of slice it was length of block that should be loaded.
In case of *Slice it is the end position of block (length + start position).


Document Type
Master of Arts (MA)
First Advisor's Name
Maneck H. Daruwala
First Advisor's Committee Title
Committee Chair
Second Advisor's Name
Phillip L. Marcus
Third Advisor's Name
Richard A. Schwartz
Date of Defense
The purpose of this study was to examine the implications of selfhood in three retellings of the "Beauty and the Beast" story-Robin McKinley's Beauty and Rose Daughter, and Donna Jo Napoli's Beast-analyzing those factors that affected each protagonist's understanding of the self, how these challenged or aided them in their journey towards self-actualization, and how a sense of personal gratification represented the true reward at the end of the ordeal.
My analysis was informed by the Jungian concept of the Self as the goal of individuation, and Joseph Campbell's model of the hero's journey. As such, I found that these retellings illustrated the hero's journey as a representation of the process of individuation and the benefits to be gained by reaching this state of wholeness.
Rights Statement
Rights Statement


text: The rustling of the wind echoes in the silence of nature: a visual reference to canes, creating light, evocative and reassuring pieces of furniture. The new Palù collection portrays a concept of small-scale architecture, formed from the relationship between presence and absence. The distinctive features of these complements, a bedside table and bench seat, are the linear effect of solids and empty spaces, and profound harmonies. The curves created using a sequence of wooden rods define the space, indicating the sense of the limit in a neat and feminine series. The frame embraces suspended volumes, made out of air: an upholstered seat, a Vienna straw shelf, elegant drawers. In the bedside table, the round drawer rotates towards the bed, transforming into a second shelf.


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I have 8 javascript file in html,how can i check if js file is loaded or not and also handle error if any one of the file is not loaded in cross browser
Thanks in advance!
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You can also use firebug to analyse which files gets loaded and which doesn't and the reasons for the files as to why aren't they getting loaded... – Mahendra Apr 19 '11 at 6:54
i must check whether the js is loading in all broswer also.so i need to display success msg,once the js is loaded – Tarun Apr 19 '11 at 7:08
5 Answers 5
You could use "try catch" to avoid the errors when accessing non-existing function or data, and react as you want
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You can try using the "try-catch" block in javascript.
To use it you can call any one function / refer a variable of the file you want to check inside the try block. If it does not enter the 'catch' block then it means that the file is loaded.
You can also use Firebug to check which files gets loaded and which aren't and the errors as to why aren't they getting loaded.
Hope this helps. And don't forget to mark it as an anwser if you find it helpful.
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Use firebug or equivalent to spot 404's.
If a script loads in one browser, it will load in another browser, no crossbrowser issues here.
To handle load errors, use a script loading framework like RequireJS and dynamically load scripts.
Sidenote: Accept good awnsers to boost your own reputation, people will awnser questions faster/more often when you have a good rep.
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When adding a js file dynamically, have a line of script that adds an element to the DOM, with a certain unique ID... Then cHeck for existence of that element in the DOM. If that element exists, it means that the js file was loaded.
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you could add namespaces/global variables to every file and check as follows:
in fileName.js:
 window.fileName = true;
then, to check:
 if (!window.fileName) {...}
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Is "Result" a pre-defined variable inside the Scripts?
If I try to registry a new variable called "result" the Script returns a message saying that the identifier is repeated.
What's the mission of this variable a what is his type?
it's the result of the method. It matches the result type.
I understand "the result of the script", True?.
Can I set the result type of this "result"?
No it's the result of a function. it's a reserved identifier.


FOR... ENDFOR Command
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Expand the table of content
FOR... ENDFOR Command
Executes a set of commands a specified number of times.
FOR VarName = nInitialValue TO nFinalValue [STEP nIncrement]
Specifies the name of the variable to act as the counter. The counter keeps track of the number of times the Visual FoxPro commands execute inside the FOR ... ENDFOR loop. The variable does not need to exist before executing FOR ... ENDFOR.
nInitialValueTO nFinalValue
Specifies the initial and final values of the counter. Both nInitialValue and nFinalValue can be array elements.
[STEP nIncrement]
Specifies the amount to increment or decrement the counter value. If nIncrement is negative, the counter value is decremented. If you omit the STEP clause, VarName increments by 1.
Specifies the Visual FoxPro commands to execute. Commands can include any number of commands.
Transfers control from within the FOR ... ENDFOR loop to the command immediately following ENDFOR. You can place EXIT anywhere between FOR and ENDFOR. For more information, see EXIT Command.
Returns control to the FOR clause without executing the statements between the LOOP and ENDFOR keywords. The counter value increments or decrements as if ENDFOR was reached. For more information, see LOOP Command.
Specifies the end of the FOR... ENDFOR loop.
Specifies the location to continue program execution after the counter value exceeds nFinalValue.
The Visual FoxPro commands that appear in the FOR loop execute until ENDFOR or NEXT is reached. The value in the counter VarName then increments or decrements by the value of nIncrement. The value of the counter is then compared with nFinalValue. If the counter is less than or equal to nFinalValue, the commands following the FOR clause execute again. If the counter is greater than nFinalValue, the FOR ... ENDFOR loop exits, and program execution continues with the first command following ENDFOR or NEXT.
The values of nInitialValue, nFinalValue, and nIncrement are read only initially. However, changing the value of the counter VarName inside the loop affects the number of times the loop is executed. Changing the value of nFinalValue in a FOR loop has no effect.
Example 1
In the following example, the FOR... ENDFOR loop displays the numbers 1 through 10 using the? command:
FOR gnCount = 1 TO 10
 ? gnCount
For more information, see? |?? Command.
Example 2
The following example opens Customer table in the Visual FoxPro sample TestData database, located in the Microsoft Visual FoxPro directory..\Samples\Data. The FOR... ENDFOR loop specifies an initial value of 1, an increment value of 2, and a final value of 10. The GOTO command moves the record pointer to the record number specified by the variable gnCount and the DISPLAY command displays the name of the company from the Company field in the table. The FOR... ENDFOR loop displays all odd-numbered records from the first 10 records.
USE Customer
FOR gnCount = 1 TO 10 STEP 2
 GOTO gnCount
 DISPLAY Company
For more information, see GO | GOTO Command and DISPLAY Command.
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


About Nagoya University
The Nagoya University Academic Charter
In recognition of the unique role of seats of learning and their historical and social missions, this document establishes the guiding principles for scholarship at Nagoya University. Nagoya University maintains a culture of free and open-minded academic endeavor and aspires to contribute to the prosperity and happiness of all people through research and education in those fields studying human beings, society, and the natural world. Above all, it aims to foster the harmonious development of humanity and science, to conduct advanced research, and to provide an education that encompasses the full range of the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. To these ends, we outline below the goals and guidelines for carrying out the required measures for continuing to perform our duties as a leading university.
1. Fundamental Objectives: Research and Education
(1) Nagoya University, through its creative research, shall pursue truth and produce world-leading intellectual achievements.
(2) Nagoya University, through an education that values independent thinking, shall foster individuals who possess intellectual courage, the power of rational thought, and imagination.
2. Fundamental Objectives: Contribution to Society
(1) Nagoya University shall spearhead scientific research and foster individuals capable of exercising leadership both in the domestic and international arenas so they can contribute to human welfare, the development of culture, and global industry.
(2) Nagoya University shall put to good use the specific qualities of the surrounding community and, through multifaceted research activities, contribute to the development of the region.
(3) Nagoya University shall promote international academic co-operation and the education of international students. It will contribute to educational and cultural exchange with other countries, especially those in Asia.
3. Fundamental Policies: Research and Education System
(1) Nagoya University shall study the humanities, society, and nature from an inclusive viewpoint, respond to contemporary issues, and change and enrich its education and research system to generate new values and a body of knowledge based on humanitarian values.
(2) Nagoya University shall support an education system that inherits and develops intellectual resources cultivated from the world's intellectual traditions. It will promote advanced and innovative education.
(3) Nagoya University, through disseminating information, exchanging people, and cooperating with institutions in Japan and abroad, shall create the foundation for an international academic culture.
4. Fundamental Policies: University Administration
(1) Nagoya University shall always support scientific inquiry based on the autonomy and initiative of its members, guaranteeing them the right to freely conduct their research.
(2) Nagoya University shall ask its members to take part in the formulation and implementation of our foundational principles for research and education and the objectives and policies for administration.
(3) Nagoya University, aspiring to be an open and accessible university, shall promote both internal and external independent assessment and evaluation of its research, education and administration.


HMS Orlando (1858)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other ships of the same name, see HMS Orlando.
Career RN Ensign
Ordered: 31 March 1855
Builder: Pembroke Dockyard
Cost: £187,042
Laid down: November 1856
Launched: 16 June 1858
Completed: 21 April 1859 at Portsmouth Dockyard
Commissioned: 17 December 1861
Fate: Sold for breaking up 15 June 1871
General characteristics
Displacement: 5,493 tons
Tons burthen: 3,740 tons BM
Length: 336 ft 9 in (102.64 m) overall, 300 ft 0.5 in (91.453 m) gundeck, 264 ft 3.25 in (80.5498 m) keel
Beam: 52 ft 1 in (15.88 m)
Draught: 29 ft (8.8 m)
Depth of hold: 19 ft 10 in (6.05 m)
Propulsion: sails; 1000 shp auxiliary steam engine.
Speed: 13.290kts on trial
Endurance: 145 hours at full steam
Complement: around 600
Armament: 1859:
Upper deck: 12 x 8in/68-pounder shell guns
Main Deck: 28 x 10in shell guns
HMS Orlando was a Mersey-class wooden-hulled steam-powered (although fully rigged with sails) screw frigate built for the Royal Navy from 1856 to 1858 but not commissioned until 1861. The Orlando and her sister ship the Mersey were the longest wooden warships built for the Royal Navy. At 336 feet in length, HMS Orlando was nearly twice the length of HMS Victory, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar. At 5,643 tons displacement, she was certainly a large and impressive looking ship in her day. She was heavily armed, and in comparison to many of her counterparts was quite fast with an approximate speed of 12½ knots, achieving 13½ on trials.
The length, the unique aspect of the ship, was actually an Achilles' heel of the Mersey and Orlando. The extreme length of the ship put enormous strains on her hull due to the unusual merging of heavy machinery, and a lengthy wooden hull, resulting in her seams opening up. They were pushing the limits of what was possible in wooden ship construction:
Britain had built two long frigates in 1858 - HMS Mersey and HMS Orlando - the longest, largest and most powerful single-decked wooden fighting ships. Over 335 feet long, they suffered from the strain of their length, proving too weak to face a ship of the line in close quarters.[2]
In 1866 the Orlando was laid up and was sold for breaking in 1871.
 1. ^ Asia's Undersea Archeology, Richard Gould, NOVA, PBS Television article
 2. ^ HMS Warrior, h2g2, BBC Television.
External links[edit]


text:
10 things you need to live in the Arctic
Boots are vital in the Arctic for keeping feet warm in cold temperatures and for allowing you to traverse ice and snow.
These beautiful boots are from the Gwich'in People of northern Canada and Alaska. They are made from beaver fur and caribou hide and decorated with beading. The boot soles are made from moose hide that has been smoked over a fire to create a soft velvety leather, smelling of wood smoke.
2. Snow goggles
The intense sunlight reflecting off snow and ice, particularly in spring, can be very harmful and even cause blindness. To protect their eyes, Arctic Peoples have long fashioned their own snow spectacles. This Dolgan example from north-central Russia is made of reindeer skin. Decorated with beads, they were worn when riding reindeer across the taiga, the forests of the Arctic.
3. A winter parka
Warm clothing is essential to cope with the blistering cold during Arctic winters. This Inupiat coat, for a small child, was made by Nancy Myers of Kivalina, Alaska. She chose a number of different materials to make it both beautiful and cosy, showing her skill and knowledge of animal fur and materials. The hood, for example, is trimmed with wolverine fur, which doesn't freeze against the face as it doesn't absorb moisture.
4. A sled
Sleds enable people to travel easily and for long distances. These hard-working vehicles need to be flexible enough to withstand the constant jostling of travelling across rough terrain.
This sled was made in the early 1800s by the Inughuit people of northern Greenland. The sled is made of narwhal and caribou bone, willow and spruce driftwood, and sealskin. It is an excellent example of the technological innovation of Arctic Peoples, despite limited materials, as they scavenge wood and waste nothing from the animals they hunt.
5. Needles and a needle case
In the Arctic, warm tailored clothing is essential for survival. The earliest Arctic innovations came with the needle 30,000 years ago. This enabled people to sew and mend well-fitted clothing that allowed the wearer to stay warm and to move around easily.
This needle case from the mid-19th century secured a woman's precious needles so they would not get lost or broken. Such cases were attached to a belt along with other sewing tools.
6. An ulu
Ulus are multipurpose tools, used for slicing meat, skinning animals and even cutting fabrics. While regional styles and materials vary, all ulus share the elegant crescent shape designed to reduce wrist fatigue during long hours of processing food and hides. This ulu has a copper blade and musk ox horn handle.
Waterproofs, like this parka made from seal gut, help the wearer stay dry. They serve various functional, decorative and ceremonial purposes. In the past, gut parkas were used for kayaking, so that even in bad weather or in the event of capsizing, the wearer would stay dry.
This parka from western Alaska, was made and used by its owner, Flora Nanuk, for berry picking, keeping her dry when it rained and protecting her from being bitten by the mosquitos of the summer tundra.
8. Knife and pouch
Knives are one of the most important tools for reindeer herders. Men use them to castrate and slaughter reindeer and, in the past, to score their unique ownership marks onto their reindeer's ears. This knife from Russia hangs from a belt, which also held bags containing personal amulets, fire starters and tobacco.
9. Cooking equipment
Animals continue to be the main source of food and materials for many Arctic Peoples. Fish and meat are prepared in a variety of ways in the Arctic. Before propane stoves were used, Inuit boiled food in soapstone kettles, like this one, over a flame. But kettles and other vessels were also essential for melting ice into drinking water.
10. Guardian spirit figure
Along with practical items, spiritual help has also been called on by Arctic Peoples to help survive in the Arctic. This wooden figure embellished with beaded eyes and mouth and ermine or sable hide clothing was a personal guardian spirit that protected households. It was made and used by Evenki People of north-central Siberia.
Discover other blogs on the Citi exhibition Arctic: culture and climate webpage.
Lead supporter Citi
Julie and Stephen Fitzgerald
Buy the beautifully illustrated book accompanying the exhibition here.
Included in The Times' Best Art Books of the Year 2020.


text:
Cell-Based Soft Tissue Reconstruction in a Hydrogel Scaffold
Renevia is a hyaluronin-gelatin crosslinked matrix scaffold that has been studied as an alternative to adipose transfer in soft tissue reconstruction. It is designed to emulate the native extracellular matrix environment by supporting stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell attachment, survival, and proliferation, thus promoting cell-based volume restoration. However, the concentration of incorporated cells for a clinically relevant result has yet to be determined.Methods
Five experimental groups of seven CD-1 nude immunodeficient mice were given 250 μL grafts of the following composition: 1 million human SVF cells per mL of Renevia scaffold, 6 million human SVF cells per mL scaffold, 12 million human SVF cells per mL scaffold, Renevia scaffold-alone or human adipose tissue–alone. Volumetric analysis was conducted at discrete time points over 16 weeks using 3-dimensional ultrasound, after which time the grafts were explanted for histologic analysis.Results
At the conclusion of the study at week 16, the Renevia scaffold group incorporating the highest concentration of human SVF cells (12 million cells per mL scaffold) had significantly greater volume retention compared with the 2 lower concentrations, scaffold-alone and fat-alone groups. Histology of the 12 million scaffold group revealed abundant adipocyte formation within the scaffold, exceeding that observed in the 6 million, 1 million, and scaffold-alone groups. The 12 million group also demonstrated significantly increased vascularity per CD31 staining.Conclusions
Stromal vascular fraction cells coupled with Renevia hydrogel scaffold can enhance soft tissue volume reconstruction. In this study, we observed the greatest effect with 12 million cells per mL. From the perspective of volume retention, incorporation of higher concentrations of SVF cells with Renevia may be an alternative to conventional adipose tissue grafting.


How Do I Transfer My IBAN Number?
What can I use instead of IBAN?
Banks in the United States don't use IBAN codes to identify specific banks or account numbers.
We instead use SWIFT codes and routing numbers..
Is Iban enough for transfer?
How many digits is an Iban?
What is my IBAN account number?
You can find your International Bank Account Number (IBAN) and Bank Identifier Code (BIC or SWIFT) on your paper statement or by logging in to Online Banking. To find your IBAN or BIC number online: Log in to Online Banking at
Is it safe to give IBAN number?
Giving out IBAN (and BIC) is completely safe, and it is done routinely in at least the EU whenever transferring money to e.g. buy stuff from strangers. People can deposit money there without your approval, but they can never withdraw anything.
How do I transfer an IBAN number?
the recipient's full name and address. the recipient's IBAN (International Bank Account Number) or account number. the name and address of the recipient's bank – including the BIC* (Banking Identifier Code) / SWIFT code / clearing code. the amount you want to transfer.
Can I use swift code instead of IBAN?
International Bank Account Number (IBAN) vs. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) Code: An Overview. … A SWIFT code is used to identify a specific bank during an international transaction, whereas an IBAN is used to identify an individual account involved in the international transaction.
What is an IBAN number for wire transfers?
IBAN stands for International Bank Account Number. It's an internationally-agreed code made up of up to 34 letters and numbers that helps banks to process transfers around the world. Each set of characters represents a different detail for your bank account.
Can swift payments reversed?
Can I use IBAN instead of account number?
An IBAN, or international bank account number, is a standard international numbering system developed to identify an overseas bank account. … However, an IBAN does not replace a bank's own account number, as it's only meant to provide additional information that helps in identifying overseas payments.
Which countries use IBAN?
Is IBAN the same as Clabe?
An Internationa Bank Account Number (IBAN) is a series of alphanumeric characters that uniquely identifies an account held predominantly by banks in Eurozone countries. Clave Bancaria Esandarizada (CLABE) is a standard 18-digit number for bank accounts in Mexico.
How do I get an IBAN number?
What happens if you use the wrong IBAN number?
Do all accounts have an IBAN number?
IBANs are written using a standard format across all of the countries that use them. They contain all of the information needed to locate one specific bank account from the millions of accounts held throughout Europe. Have a look at this IBAN example to see how your own international bank account number is constructed.
What will happens if swift code is wrong?
What is an IBAN code for a bank?
International Bank Account NumberIBAN stands for International Bank Account Number, which you can use when making or receiving international payments. Your IBAN doesn't replace your sort code & account number ─ it's an additional number with extra information to help overseas banks identify your account for payments.