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I'll not make modifications to the text except for differences between C and Python.
You can find the first part of this article here: Writing a Widget Using Cairo and PyGTK 2.8
Making the clock run is as simple as starting a timer that calls a callback. However, we might also want to be able to set a different time on our clock, so we'll store the time for the clock inside the widget. We don't want to let people change the time directly, in object-orientation speak, we want to make the time variable private.
Python, in its "trust the programmer" philosophy usually use a convention (the single "_" underscore) to identify a variable as private. I implemented the public API as a property in this way:
# public access to the time member def _get_time(self): return self._time def _set_time(self, datetime): self._time = datetime self.redraw_canvas() time = property(_get_time, _set_time)
Now you can externally access the time property as if it's a simple object member.
We can use the property in the update() method which will update the clock with the new time:
def update(self): # update the time self.time = datetime.now() return True # keep running this event
Notice that this method returns a boolean value (true). Functions passed as timeout events return a boolean value. If the value is true, the event will be run again; if the value is false it will not. There is also a method that we haven't defined yet, redraw_canvas(). This method will redraw the canvas for us. From the manual page for GtkDrawingArea (our parent class), we are told to use gdk.Window.invalidate_rect(), to reexpose the canvas (and cause it to redraw). In order to make our event happen now, we should also call gdk.Window.process_all_updates(). Our redraw function looks like this:
def redraw_canvas(self): if self.window: alloc = self.get_allocation() rect = gdk.Rectangle(0, 0, alloc.width, alloc.height) self.window.invalidate_rect(rect, True) self.window.process_updates(True)
Drawing the hands requires us to think about a little geometry. For the hour hand, the hand is rotated around 30� for each hour and then a 1/2� more per minute.
So to draw the hour hand, we might do something like:
context.save() context.set_line_width(2.5 * context.get_line_width()) context.move_to(x, y) context.line_to(x + radius / 2 * math.sin( math.pi / 6 * hours + math.pi / 360 * minutes), y + radius / 2 * -math.cos( math.pi / 6 * hours + math.pi / 360 * minutes)) context.stroke() context.restore()
The minute hand and the seconds hand each rotate 6° per minute/second. The minute hand is easily implemented as:
context.move_to(x, y) context.line_to(x + radius * 0.75 * math.sin(math.pi / 30 * minutes), y + radius * 0.75 * -math.cos(math.pi / 30 * minutes)) context.stroke()
Finally, we need to set it running, in __init__() we will add our timeout function:
def __init__(self): super(EggClockFace, self).__init__() self.connect("expose_event", self.expose) # make it private self._time = None self.update() # update the clock once a second gobject.timeout_add(1000, self.update)
We're left with clock_ex4.py which you can run with:
$ python clock_ex4.py
and should look like this:
The animated GIF of the clock ticking was done with a tool called byzanz. I simply recorded 60 seconds of the clock. In order to find out the window location for byzanz-record, I added this to the main function after gtk.Widget.show_all():
rect = gdk.Rectangle() rect = window.window.get_frame_extents() print "-x %i -y %i -w %i -h %i" % (rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height)
This printed settings that I could paste onto my other command line:
$ byzanz-record -d 60 $GEOMETRY -l clock.gif
So far we've written a GObject with opaque property storage and we've used Cairo to draw our clock face. However the GTK+ widgets we commonly interact with also offer public APIs and emit signals to notify us when certain events take place. We will add a signal to say when someone is dragging the minute hand around.
Firstly we need to decide on what our signal is going to send and add this our file. We will implement a "time_changed" signal that along with the object also gives the time in hours and minutes that the clock has now been set to. If we were connecting this signal, our callback would look something like this:
def time_changed_cb(widget, hours, minutes): pass
Finally we need to register our signal in the class:
__gsignals__ = dict(time_changed=(gobject.SIGNAL_RUN_FIRST, gobject.TYPE_NONE, (gobject.TYPE_INT, gobject.TYPE_INT)))
More information on gobject.signal_new can be found in the documentation.
Next we have to implement a button_press_event handler so that we can determine when someone has actually clicked on a hand. We can override the signals for button_press_event, button_release_event and motion_notify_handler at the same time as replacing the expose_event. In __init()__:
self.connect("expose_event", self.expose) self.connect("button_press_event", self.button_press) self.connect("button_release_event", self.button_release) self.connect("motion_notify_event", self.motion_notify)
From reading the documentation for GtkDrawingArea, our parent class, you will see that button events and motion events are masked out, so we will need to set them so that we receive events for processing. We need to do this for each EggClockFace, so in __init__() we'll add:
self.add_events(gdk.BUTTON_PRESS_MASK | gdk.BUTTON_RELEASE_MASK | gdk.POINTER_MOTION_MASK)
The line formed by the bearing of the hand is infinitely thin, so we can't expect a user to be able to click on it. It would be nice to detect if the user clicked within 5 pixels of the line. To do this we require some more geometry.
We know that (sin φ, cos φ) is a point on the unit circle, that is it has magnitude 1. Thus a vector from the origin to (sin φ, cos φ) will be a unit vector, we will name it l. We will also take a vector p which is the vector from the origin to the point where the user clicked.
This would give vector components equal to:
px = event.x - widget.get_allocation().width / 2 py = widget.get_allocation().height / 2 - event.y lx = math.sin(math.pi / 30 * minutes) ly = math.cos(math.pi / 30 * minutes)
Simple reasoning will tell us that there exists a point ul where l is perpendicular to (ul – p) (which is the shortest distance between the point and the line and is what we want to measure).
We can project p onto l using the dot product such that u = p.l. The dot product can be done mathematically like so:
u = lx * px + ly * py
If u comes out to be a negative number we'll ignore it, this means that the user clicked on the opposite side of the clock to where the hand is. Finally, the magnitude of the distance can be found. If the magnitude of the distance (squared) is less then 5 pixels (squared) we can set the private member _dragging to be true (we used squared values here because we have no need to do a slow sqrt()).
if u < 0: return False d2 = math.pow(px - u * lx, 2) + math.pow(py - u * ly, 2) if d2 < 25: # 5 pixels away from the line self._dragging = True
We now need to implement handlers for the motion_notify_event and button_release_event. Both of these signal handlers share a lot of their code, so we can move it out into another method, emit_time_changed_signal(). The geometry for this method is simply the reverse of the geometry that we used to draw the hands on the clock face.
def emit_time_changed_signal(self, x, y): # decode the minute hand # normalize the coordinates around the origin x -= self.get_allocation().width / 2 y -= self.get_allocation().height / 2 # phi is a bearing from north clockwise, use the same geometry as we # did to position the minute hand originally phi = math.atan2(x, -y) if phi < 0: phi += math.pi * 2 hour = self.time.hour minute = phi * 30 / math.pi # update the offset self._minute_offset = minute - self.time.minute self.redraw_canvas() self.emit("time_changed", hour, minute)
The time_changed signal is actually sent to all listeners by emit(). You may also notice the variable _minute_offset, we use this to know how far out of phase the minute hand is with the current time. This offset has to be added to any other requests for the current time. I will leave it as an exercise to the reader to implement a similar offset for the hour hand.
After all of this our two signals handlers from above are simply:
def motion_notify(self, widget, event): if self._dragging: self.emit_time_changed_signal(event.x, event.y) def button_release(self


be tolerated.
 5. Swimmers are expected to help create a supportive atmosphere in both training and competitive settings. Treat all athletes as you would like to be treated.
 6. Swimmers are expected to refrain from using profane, disrespectful or threatening language both in person and while using social media, towards other swimmers, coaches and officials. This includes interaction on social media platforms.
 7. Swimmers are expected to refrain from being under the influence or possession of alcohol, social, non-prescription drugs. This includes the possession or use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
 8. Swimmers are expected to have permission from the coach to leave the deck during practice or meets. (For safety reasons, the coach must know where swimmers are at all times.)
 9. Swimmers must represent the Windsor Aquatic Club in a positive manner at all times. This applies to practice, during swim meets, team travel events and when interacting with teammates on social media platforms.
 10. Be a good sport. Cheer your teammate's performances and treat other athletes, parents, officials and coaches with courtesy and respect at all times. This Code of Conduct is in effect during all WAC activities. Breach of the code can result in, but is not limited to, suspension from practice, suspension from competition, formal verbal or written apologies and any other form of disciplinary measure considered appropriate by the club.
Please click HERE to read the Swim Ontario Code of Conduct.


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Conducting quantitative and qualitative research can be a unique process when targeting healthcare audiences, such as physicians, payers, key opinion leaders and patients. Best practices and techniques we use for consumer research can also be applicable to these audiences.
Stefan Cave, Client Operations Manager and Healthcare Subject Matter Expert with Kantar's Profiles division, breaks down what healthcare researchers should take from modern survey best practices, the importance healthcare double opt-in panels have on qualitative research and how the healthcare industry can take advantage of integrated data solutions.
Is there a difference to approaching survey design when engaging a healthcare audience versus a consumer audience?
In short, no. Too often, design concessions are made when targeting a professional audience based on the solemnity of the survey topic. However, Healthcare Professionals are regular people, just like us. They spend a lot of time on their smart phones, just like us. They're pushed for time, just like us. We should design surveys in the same way we approach consumer work, focusing on: narrative, engagement and device agnosticism.
How can technology play a role in engaging healthcare audiences?
The proliferation of technology has never been more exciting in research. It can be used to drive engagement, glean enriched responses and produce top quality data. It may not come as a surprise that this applies to a healthcare audience too! When designing research, we can use video open-ends to replace a tradition written open-end. These tools often come with software for further analysis. We can also use emotional coding technology to capture legitimate emotional responses to video stimulus. These solutions can better help answer the research objective.
With data privacy being a primary concern for researchers today, permission-based data sources have never been more important. How does Kantar ensure we're providing high-quality, validated healthcare respondents and data sources?
Our Healthcare Panel Team work tirelessly to ensure we provide high quality data. From registration to retirement, our respondents are subject to a rigorous verification process. Our respondents double opt-in and we verify their details: name, work place address and medical license number/certificate before a single research participation email is sent. Throughout our respondent's journey we regularly update their personal and contact information to ensure we are interacting with the right person at the right time.
There are benefits when using a supplier with a verified double opt-in panel of Physicians, Payers, Patients & KOLs to conduct qualitative research. Why is that?
It's simple. Through the double opt-in verification process, you can be confident that the professionals are:
From KOLs to GPs, when you engage with professionals who are also double opt-in panelists, you are reaching out to those who genuinely want to shape their industry for the better.
What was the most common mistake you saw in 2018 regarding the execution of qualitative research among healthcare professionals, and what can researchers do to avoid it?
A common mistake we see is conducting interviews in non-native languages and dialects. Although it may save on costs when you don't, it's important to ask whether anything is lost in translation. Are the questions being understood correctly? Is the respondent able to convey what they truly mean in their non-native tongue? Are we limiting who we approach by only targeting multi-linguals?
Ensure you're using highly skilled translators and moderators that will ask the right questions, in the right language, to deliver more insightful and valuable data.
We know that connecting survey data with other insights sources helps capture a holistic view of a target audience. How do you see integrating data sources being most useful for healthcare research?
Just as with consumer research, third-party data sources are available under the healthcare umbrella (i.e. patient records, etc.) that can be applied to patients profiles. When we think of building robust healthcare profiles efficiently while maximizing ROI, we think of three key benefits:
- The complete diagnosis: understanding the individual and all the factors that drive their decisions, gaining commercial advantage and a holistic view of target groups
- Getting to the heart of the matter: appending additional data sources to survey data allows you to only ask what you need to ask, but save time and money while enhancing profiles
- A targeted approach: identification of bespoke audiences for effective media targeting

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Buy 3 Tilt Sensors and save $10.
How it works
The Tilt Sensor sends a true or false signal when the orientation of the device changes.
How students have used it
- Door handle to set off an alarm
- Shook it to flash a LED Light
How blocks are used in real world
- Step Counter
- Phone Orientation


Treehouse Software TREETIP: Data Replication for a Mainframe Database that has no Primary Key, using tcVISION
by Joseph Brady, Director of Business Development / AWS and Cloud Alliance Lead at Treehouse Software, Inc. and Chris Rudolph, Senior Technical Representative at Treehouse Software, Inc.
This blog takes a look at tcVISION's support for a mainframe database that has no primary key at the source (a mainframe primary key is a column, or set of columns that uniquely identifies one row of a table).
In situations where the source database does not contain any unique values, Treehouse technicians discuss with the customer how the application currently works and their expectations for how the data should be treated when planning replication/migration to a new target environment. Depending on the application, Journal Replication or Data Warehouse Replication may be a better fit than a "normal" RDBMS table definition.
tcVISION's Key ID management can be used to create a column to use as the key on the target table. Another option would be to use a SQL Lookup to query another table. Either way, target column(s) that contain unique values will need to be identified. Once these columns are identified, they can be marked with the key identifier, using the tcVISION repository editor, or Key ID Management can be used to create a new unique column, then those columns are used within the wizard.
For example, this source table does not contain a primary key:
Analysis of the target data shows the columns FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME and MIDDLE_NAME together will provide a unique value. These fields can be marked in the tcVISION repository as being members of a key:
As mentioned earlier, the tcVISION Key ID Management wizard can also be used to create a new unique target column:
Specify the key name:
Specify the key value creation:
Various options are available:
Contact Treehouse Software for a Demo Today…
Further reading: tcVISION Mainframe data replication is featured on the AWS Partner Network Blog…
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Lord and Lady are honorifics used to address someone of authority. The exact authority needed is uncertain but seems roughly to be Warlord or higher, with use increasing with formality and the relative rank of the addressee. Being noble isn't a prerequisite for being addresses as either "Lord" or "Lady".
People referred to as Lord/Lady
Erfworlders may erroneously believe that Parson is a Noble unit because they can't see his stats and because he introduced himself to them as "Lord Hamster", which was originally the pen name he used when writing his webcomic.
Real World References
Lord is an honorific used to address a noble.
The difference between an honorific and a title
A honorific is used to preface a person's name as a sign of respect. A title is something a person posses that is not part of their name. People of different rank or title can share the same honorific. If Steward is a Baron he would be addressed as "Lord Steward". Something can be both a title and an honorific (i.e. "Prince") but it does not have to be the case.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Just curious, can anyone show how the integral and differential form of Maxwell's equation is equivalent? (While it is conceptually obvious, I am thinking rigorous mathematical proof may be useful in some occasions..)
share|improve this question
Are you familiar with Green's and Stoke's theorems? – Jerry Schirmer Oct 9 '12 at 16:48
_USER_ yes. (and I just want to see more rigorous proof; conceptually, this is somehow obvious, I guess.) – Paul Reubens Oct 9 '12 at 17:05
Just integrate the divergences and the curls using green's and stokes theorems and you will get the integral form. – Prathyush Oct 9 '12 at 19:16
Comment to the question(v2): Could you narrow down which part of the standard textbook treatment you don't find rigorous? – Qmechanic Oct 9 '12 at 22:36
Actually, if you treat the differential operators in the classical sense, the integral form and the differential form are not equivalent. The integral form is more general since it is also valid for discontinuous material behavior. – Tobias Apr 12 at 16:29
1 Answer 1
Well, as the people said in the comments, the Theorems of Green, Stokes and Gauss will do the job, and are about as mathematically rigorous as you could hope for here!
The two different sets of formula follow directly.
I don't want to write all four of them out, you should be able to do them yourself, but for example, let's consider the Gauss Law.
Starting with the integral form, we have (ignoring physical constants)
$$ \int_{\partial \Omega} \vec{E}. d\vec{S} = \int_{\Omega} \rho\space dV$$
Then by Gauss, we have
$$ \int_{V} \mbox{div} \vec{F} \space dV = \int_{S} \vec{F}.d \vec{S} $$
Hence, we can replace
$$ \int_{\partial \Omega} \vec{E}. d\vec{S} \rightarrow \int_{\Omega} \mbox{div} \vec{E} \space dV $$
to give
$$ \int_{\Omega} \mbox{div} \vec{E} \space dV = \int_{\Omega} \rho\space dV $$
or dropping the integrals,
$$ \mbox{div} \vec{E} = \rho\space $$
which is the differential form.
You should try to derive the other three. This may be helpful in showing you where to start, and where you want to get to.
As for proofs of Green's, Stoke's and Guass Theorems, I recall learning them for some maths exams some years ago, but I wouldn't know where to begin now! Look at any differential geometry course or book and they should be somewhere early on. I can assure you though that the mathematicians have rigirous proofs for them, so we do not need to be shy in using the results of the theorems!
share|improve this answer
Let me know if you get the other three out. Another good exercise, when you've finished that, is to derive each of the integral forms of the laws from physical arguement. – Flint72 Apr 12 at 14:45
Doesn't Green's theorem and Gauss' theorem follow as a consequence of Stokes' theorem which in turn follows from Poincaré duality? – JamalS May 14 at 5:31
I think it's the point where you say "dropping the integrals" that is the OP's problem. – Rob Jeffries Nov 28 at 7:41
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Someone told me about these python libraries for python for networking. I am sure that I will not remember them by heart, so I will write these libraries here, in order to remember
- Asyncio – Python standard library. Asynchronous I/0, event loops, coroutines and tasks
- Diesel – coroutine-based networking library for python
- Pulsar – Event driven concurrent framework for Python
- NAPALM (Network Automation and Programmability Abstraction Layer with Multivendor support) is a Python library that implements a set of functions to interact with different network device Operating Systems using a unified API.
- Twisted – an event-driven networking engine written in Python


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Surviving a Workplace Emergency: Don't Overlook this Key Evacuation Essential
Stay Prepared
Preparing for an emergency is like buying insurance, you hope you'll never need to use it, but you don't regret having it when it's there. For anyone in a multi-story building, this is one evacuation essential that you absolutely need to have. It's the stair chair or evacuation chair.
What does a Evacuation Stair Chair do?
In the same way that a wheelchair helps you easily transport a person on flat ground, a stair chair, or evacuation chair helps easily transport a person up or down flights of stairs. This lightweight device is available in a number of different models.
Why is an Evacuation Stair Chair so Important?
While it varies by state, and your specific place of work, federal accessibility standards and OSHA standards require an emergency action plan. For organizations larger than 10 people, more work needs to be done to ensure that there are people in the case of an emergency who are able to help supervise and coordinate the execution of the Emergency Action Plan.
Where does an evacuation stair chair come into play? It could be of use in any multi-story building or facility. The chair can be used to help transport employees who are disabled or have limited mobility for any reason.
In a private residence, an evacuation stair chair may be an item to keep on the upper floor for any family members who have limited mobility or are disabled. Unlike workplace evacuation situations, a single-operator stair chair may be a better choice.
About the Single Operator Stair Chair
For more information:


Tuesday, May 7, 2019
SQL Server - How to get difference between two dates
If you are working as a SQL Professional then there is a lot of activities which are related to dates. You have to write SQL queries to find out the difference between two dates or need to get the next day, next month, next week, next quarter or next year to set some business logic.
Business Scenario
Suppose that you need to send an email alert to your customers to remind them to pay the invoice bill after 30 days of invoice generation as per their contract. Hence, you have to write an SQL based program to check all the unpaid invoices which comes under this conditions.
Here, In your SQL based program (it may be a stored procedure which may be schedule to run on the daily basis on the defined schedule), you have to get the difference between the invoice date and current running date.
If the difference result is matched with the contract with the customer then system will pull that invoice and send it to the customer as the email attachment.
To full-fill the above business needs, you have to use some defined SQL Date related functions such as -
DateDIFF(interval, date1, date2) is used to get the differences between two dates and return numeric values such as difference in years, months, quarters, days, weeks, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds and nanoseconds etc. The interval of time is used to calculate the difference between date1 and date2. It can be one of the following values:
Value (any one of)
year, yyyy, yy
Year interval
quarter, qq, q
Quarter interval
month, mm, m
Month interval
Day of year interval
day, dy, y
Day interval
week, ww, wk
Week interval
weekday, dw, w
Weekday interval
hour, hh
Hour interval
minute, mi, n
Minute interval
second, ss, s
Second interval
millisecond, ms
Millisecond interval
---- Difference in years
SELECT DATEDIFF(year, '2012/04/28', '2014/04/28');
Result: 2
---- Difference in months
SELECT DATEDIFF(month, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 3
---- Difference in days
SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 117
---- Difference in hours
SELECT DATEDIFF(hour, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 2
---- Difference in minutes
SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 165
To watch a demo video, please visit our YouTube channel -
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Coffer. A coffer is a recessed panel. Ceilings covered with coffers were known in ancient Greek architecture. They had considerable importance in Roman houses (Vitruvius 7.2) and temples and were occasionally used in Egyptian buildings in the Roman, Byzantine, and early medieval periods. Coffers were made in flat wooden ceilings by subdividing the space between the large ceiling beams with short transverse beams. The areas thus formed, usually rectangular, were closed off on top by boards, which served as the substructure for the floor above. The beams could either be adorned with carved work or covered with wood, metal, or terra-cotta. In Roman vaulting, which usually consisted of a concrete shell made of small chips of stone or broken bricks and mortar, coffers were used as decorative forms on the undersurface of the vault, since the recesses could be very easily accommodated by the requisite thickness of the vault. Such coffers could take on triangular or polygonal forms. Famous examples are the vaults of the Pantheon and the Temple of Venus and Roma in Rome.
How far coffers were employed in Christian basilicas has not yet been determined with any certainty. Despite some basilicas in the city of Rome that certainly had a ceiling, several indications suggest that most basilicas probably had an open-frame roof (Deichmann, 1957, pp. 249ff.). Nevertheless there is evidence that individual parts of churches had a ceiling.
That there were coffered ceilings in Egypt in the Roman and early Byzantine periods is shown by a number of wooden boards preserved in the Coptic Museum, Cairo. Some have a richly bordered painted surface but at the edges generally show no painting at all (Deichmann, 1972, pp. 83ff.). There is hardly any doubt that these are panels from ceilings. Terra-cotta slabs with pictorial motifs to cover coffers were found in Alexandria (Wace, 1948, pp. 50f., pl. 3). In several tombs in Alexandria, coffers were simply painted on the ceiling (Adriani, _PHONE_, pp. 36-40, ills. 43 and 53, pl. A and B). In the same way, the former presence of a coffered ceiling may be deduced in some structures from an unusually close positioning
of the beams. One example is the annexed southeast corner room of the church built into the front of the Temple of Isis at Philae under Bishop Theodorus in the eighth century. Another is the later baptistery in the newly discovered central church of Makhurah alQibli on the Mediterranean coast (Grossmann, 1980, pp. 225ff., pl. 50b). Both instances, moreover, involve false ceilings closing off an area above. Finally, over the central area of the khurus in the old church of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, there is an interesting coffered ceiling curved as a barrel vault in an imitation of gypsum, where wide boards with a series of octagonal openings sawn in them have been inserted into the spaces between the beams (Grossmann, 1982, p. 50, pl. 59a).
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The Health Situation Room is a digital platform that displays HIV and health related data visually with the aim of supporting decision-making at programming level in countries. IOD PARC in partnership with IMC Worldwide conducted the evaluation of the Health Situation Room was conducted between May and October 2020. The evaluation aimed to achieve both organizational learning and accountability through assessing the relevance, effectiveness and sustainability of the initiative. Using a theory-based, non-experimental approach the evaluation looked at the programme as a whole, and the individual country experiences. The implementation of the evaluation was redesigned at the start of the process to adapt to the travel and movement restrictions imposed due to COVID-19.
Four main activities were undertaken during the evaluation: a stocktaking of the Health Situation room's implementation over the past five years, an assessment of the demand and usage of the situation room, an assessment of collaboration and transparency elements, and an assessment of country ownership and sustainability. A synthesis report brings together the findings from the evaluation that were developed through in-depth case studies ('stocktakes') of four of the nine countries in which the programme was launched (Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe), and reviews of the remaining five (Côte d'Ivoire or CIV, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia).
UNAIDS Health Situation Room Evaluation Report and Briefing: Link to report


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Israeli researchers discover evidence of feast dating back 12,000 years
Burial site of female shaman found close to Sakhnin includes funeral fetish objects.
An archaeological site near Sakhnin has turned up evidence of a ritual meal going back some 12,000 years, far earlier than researchers had previously thought such events took place.
Over the years archaeologists have found considerable evidence of large-scale funeral feasts from the Neolithic (New Stone Age ) era onward. That period was characterized by the rise of agriculture, which spurred mankind's transition from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life. That revolutionary change, roughly 9,500 years before the common era, was attended by the development of collective rites and rituals, which helped ease the transition from a foraging existence to a farming one.
The burial pit uncovered this year in a cave in the Lower Galilee suggests such collective rites were being practiced as early as the Upper Paleolithic (Late Stone Age ), more than 12,000 years ago.
A Hebrew University team led by Dr. Leore Grosman has discovered remnants of a funeral feast held by members of the Netufian people, a prehistoric culture that lived across the Levant region. The feast appears to have marked the burial of a female shaman, and in addition to her body, the site contains 50 complete tortoise shells and body parts of a wild boar, eagle, cow, leopard, two martens and a complete human foot.
The grave was excavated at Hilazon Cave, near the Sakhnin, in the Lower Galilee. The dig started in 1995, and since then archaeologists have discovered three large pits containing the remains of 26 people.
In an article published yesterday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, Grosman and colleagues Dr. Natalie D. Munro, of the University of Connecticut, and Prof. Anna Belfer-Cohen, who like Grosman is at the Hebrew University's Institute of Archaeology, describe the grave as "providing a rare opportunity to investigate the ideological shifts that must have accompanied these socioeconomic changes."
The researchers said the grave contained at least 300 kilograms of meat, enough to feed a number of large families. The tortoises alone, they said, could have fed at least 35 people.
The researchers said the funeral feast represented part of the new cultural apparatuses that developed to help ease the transition into new ways of life. "This period saw the establishment of relations between individuals and large societies, and the passage into family units," Grosman said yesterday. "Rituals like the funeral feast were held to that end," she said.
"The Natufians are the first culture that employed cemeteries. Essentially these are testimony to the sedentary life and complex cultural rites that had not been seen beforehand," Grosman said. "Members of the Natufian culture have one leg in the Neolithic and another in the Palaeolithic. These latest finds help us understand that transition."


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Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated, hence face a number of problems in getting learning materials resulting in poor performance in National examinations.
E-learning as defined to be the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system.
There has been effort to improve secondary school education using ICT through several projects. ICT for e-learning to Tanzania rural secondary school is one of the research projects conceived by the University of Dar-es-Salaam through its College of Engineering and Technology. The main objective of the project is to develop a tool to enable ICT support rural secondary school.
The project is comprehensive with a number of components, one being development of e-learning management system (e-LMS) for Tanzania secondary schools.
This paper presents strategies of developing e-LMS. It shows the importance of integrating action research methodology with the modeling methods as presented by model driven architecture (MDA) and the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the issue of modeling.
The benefit of MDA will go along with the development based on software development life cycle (SDLC) process, from analysis and requirement phase through design and implementation stages as employed by object oriented system analysis and design approach.
The paper also explains the employment of open source code reuse from open source learning platforms for the context sensitive development of the e-LMS for Tanzania secondary schools.


text:
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), also called hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) and cold cracking, is a common welding defect when welding heavy steel sections and steels with high carbon content. If you would like to learn more about the causes of HIC read Factors Influencing Hydrogen Induced Cracking.
In the above mentioned article we explained that you need three things in order to have cold cracking: source of hydrogen, susceptible microstructure and a certain level of stress. If you can eliminate one you eliminate the potential for cold cracking. When we ignore this, whether by choice or by ignorance, we are in trouble. However, many weldments fail due to hydrogen induced cracking even when good welding procedures are in place. In this article we list several reasons for hydrogen induced cracking even when proper procedures are being followed.
The list below is not exhaustive. Rather, it is simply a list of some of the most common causes. Most of these involve failing to follow the welding procedure. It is very important to educate welders and supervisor as to the importance to adhering to qualified procedures in order to avoid these costly mistakes.
- Preheat applied but not measured correctly – the preheat temperature must be taken at least 3 inches away from the weld joint. This should not just be done where the weld starts but throughout the entire joint. If the part thickness exceeds 3 inches in thickness then the distance from the joint at which you need to take the measurement should be equal to the thickness of the plate.
- Failing to maintain interpass temperature – if you are welding a PQR plate you will probably be waiting for the plate to cool between passes. Once you apply this welding procedure to production parts you may not notice that the part is now acting as huge heat sink, and instead of have the temperature go up with each pass it is actually dropping below the preheat temperature. Always take the temperature between passes following the same distance instructions as with preheat.
- Not following low hydrogen practices – simply using a low hydrogen electrode does not guarantee low levels of hydrogen in the weld. Electrodes exposed to the atmosphere for long periods of time, especially stick electrodes, flux-cored wires and flux are very susceptible to pick up moisture. This moisture then turns into diffusible hydrogen after welding. Be aware of all sources of moisture including: base material contamination, shielding gas moisture and other sources such as greasy rags or contaminated grinding wheels.
- Cooling too fast – not all parts require post weld heat treatment, but this does not mean that they can cool at any rate. If a weldment is susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking you can bet that the cooling rate must be controlled. This is especially true if you find yourself having to reheat the part between passes to maintain the required interpass temperature. Consider using heating blankets, burying the weldment in sand or any other means to prevent a fast cooling rate.
- Ignoring minimum weld sizes – most fillet welds are used for rigidity and hardly ever transfer the load entirely. Because of this reason they can be extremely small. However, minimum fillet welds are specified for different steel thickness ranges. An example of this is seen in Table 5.7 of AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel. If you look at this table you'll see that for a range of ¼ < T < ½ (inches) the minimum fillet weld size is 3/16". This is the case regardless if a 1/8" or 1/16" fillet weld would provide enough strength. The reason for this is that even in this relative thin material we can have excessive cooling rates. A 1/8" fillet weld will not have a high enough heat input to prevent a cooling rate that has the potential of creating martensite (this makes a weld brittle).
- Ignoring special circumstances – If the part temperature is below 0˚F we should not weld, even with preheat. Also, if we weld indoors we do not expect our steel to be cold. However, if the steel is stored outside there is a chance that in the winter months this material will be below the minimum required preheat temperature (32˚F for most steels).
There are many more ways in which you can get in trouble with cold cracking, but the above seem to be the most common (provided an adequate welding procedure is in place).


text:
Lesson Plan for PreK and K
Teaching Caesar's Cipher through grouping students and centers or table jobs
The inner circle is the groups assigned. The outer circle is the centers or jobs
Groups could be 4 student names. Jobs could be Home, Blocks, Writing, and Sensory.
Make 25 jobs for kids and kids names on inner circle, then shift each week
Teaching Base 2, 8, 10, and 16
Using opportunities, such as snack, centers, and place value to represent various bases
Snack could be, equal sharing in base 8 for grapes or 16 for crackers.
Place value could be with blocks, misc items during 100 days of school


text:
Zooplankton community dynamics
Ballast water transport as a taxonomic and numeric 'filter'
Zooplankton data collected from ballast tanks at the beginning and end of 25 voyages showed an overall decline in total zooplankton abundance during a voyage. Mortality within tanks could be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Lack of settlement substrate
- Exposure to toxic substances
- Physiological stress caused by changes in physical conditions
In addition, the duration of a voyage or the age of the ballast water is also an important factor, as mortality within tanks appears to increase with time.
For example, our data indicated that:
- On short voyages (<10 days) survival of zooplankton is unpredictable, but typically high (both increases and decreases in abundance were recorded).
- On long voyages (16-22 days) there were large declines in survivorship (>95% decrease in abundance in all cases.
This an important finding because in order to survive, establish, and thus achieve a successful ballast-mediated invasion, an organism must be delivered in adequate densities to increase the chances of encountering a mate and reproducing. This means that shorter coastwise voyages, where survivorship is more variable and the final densities are relatively higher pose a greater 'invasion threat' than do longer voyages.
Though these data bring us closer to identifying predictors of overall zooplankton survivorship, identifying individual taxonomic groups that are more likely to become successful invaders remains elusive. Survivorship varied both between taxonomic groups and within taxonomic groups for different voyages. Thus, we still do not fully understand the extent to which particular taxonomic groups are better able to survive transport in ballast tanks than others.
These data strongly point to the need for rigorous ballast water management policies across the board to effectively handle the release of domestic ballast water, particularly that portion of it which has only been subject to short-term transport.


Role of Applied Linguistics in the Teaching of English in Saudi Arabia
Intakhab Alam Khan
The importance of applied linguistics in general and English language teaching in particular is perceived by almost all pedagogues and educationists. Gone are days when a postgraduate or a graduate used to join teaching profession due the fact that he possessed good knowledge in English literature or even language. In the modern educational setting, the English teacher is supposed to know linguistics or applied English linguistics in order to prove himself as an effective English language teacher. In most pedagogic situations in Saudi Arabia, the teacher of English is bound to make error/contrastive analysis between LI (Arabic) and L2 (English) so that he can evolve a compatible strategy for each sub-aspect of the language: sound, grammar, spelling, meaning etc. The present paper is a modest attempt towards exploring the use of applied linguistics in the whole process of teaching/learning of the target language (English).
Full Text:
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education


text:
A crucial element of Moche royal regalia was the nose ornament, whose imagery varies from benign
to predatory. One ornament here depicts a human head, perhaps a ruler's portrait, flanked by birds that
attack human victims. In another, two supernatural decapitators brandish knives over a row of severed
human heads. The third is an elegant composition that combines serpents with long-necked water birds.
The Moche were among the Andes' most inventive metalsmiths, and they developed many complex
techniques for joining and enriching the surfaces of metals, which they usually worked by hammering
rather than casting. The gold-and-silver ornaments were made by first joining gold and silver sheets
through heating and hammering. Then came the relief decoration, followed by the selective removal
of metal along the joins. Finally, the ornament was trimmed and polished.


text:
The Infrastructure Lab provides a platform for the infrastructure community and engaged stakeholders to share their innovative approaches to infrastructure's most complex and everyday challenges. The Infrastructure Lab partners with other organizations to explore the root causes of the challenges Canada faces, and works to identify and promote clear and actionable solutions.Read More
These challenges are rarely one dimensional. We engage all stakeholders and facets of these issues to ensure that we fully understand the nature of the challenges posed and that the associated solutions are actionable in the real world and in the local context. This can involve a combination of:
- Conducting Research – Examining the issues through interviews, surveys, benchmarking and/or data analysis to add fresh perspectives, seek greater understanding, and map out steps to deliver solutions.
- Dialogue and Conversation – Bringing together experts from across Canada and around the world to discuss some of Canada's main infrastructure challenges and explore innovative solutions in a collaborative setting through purpose built events.
- Profiling Innovation – Good ideas and solutions abound and are in use around the world in infrastructure delivery and operations. The Infrastructure Lab drills down on some of the interesting ways organizations, governments and stakeholders are solving infrastructure challenges already.


IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample 45 - It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city
IELTS Writing Task 2/ IELTS Essay:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Do you agree or disagree?
Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
You should write at least 250 words.
Model Answer 1:
Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. However, other people think that a big city gives more opportunities and it is good for the long run. Personally, for several reasons I think that it is better for children to grow up in a city that offers numerous advantages.
From the other side, children have some advantages living in a big city. For example, they have more opportunities to choose from what they want to do. They can choose to attend ballet school, school of art, gymnastics, etc. For the long run, it is good for them. They will be better prepared for a life in a "real world" and they will have more chances to make a good career and succeed. Moreover, a big city usually has many entertaining centres with movie theatres and play stations. When I was a child I liked to go to the movie theatre with my parents to watch a premiere.
One more reason to choose a big city for a child is that a city provides better live conditions and services such as medical, dental, etc. My friend lived in the country for a while and one time he and his family had to drive a couple of hours to the nearest medical centre when his child got a heavy cough.
( Approximately 394 words)
Model Answer 2:
Bringing up young generation in a big city is not as good as the countryside. I partially disagree with this statement. In my view, cities are the best place to grow up children and to live. However, cities have some drawbacks which will be discussed in this essay.
Many people opt to live in large cities rather than the countryside because they prefer to live in the metropolitan area than remote areas. Such a good benefit is an employment. People, who are living in a city can easily get a job in different types of professions.
Another reason is the easy availability of transportation services, large complex network maps of buses and trains covering almost all surrounding suburbs of a city, which can save a lot of valuable time spent by travelling with the own vehicle, which is more convenient and economical when your children go to school. And you will know where they are.
However, the cost of living in a city is usually much higher than in the countryside. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food. Moreover, the big cities have some social problems such as high crime and poverty rates in comparison with the countryside. Furthermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful to our children.
After analysing the essay, we can conclude that those points are the important factors when considering living either in the urban or rural area. Apart from those, entertainment facilities, well-developed infrastructure and living with latest trends are other reasons for living in cities.
[ by - Ice]
Model Answer 3:
Today children predominantly live in villages and in the countryside, but many others live in big cities. This can be seen in terms of their family, hobbies, interests, and undoubtedly, lifestyle. It is believed that rural children are more skilled than children who live in big cities. This will be proven by analysing of children's lifestyle in both countryside and big city in this essay.
Firstly, it is well-known fact that living in isolated villages can improve children's health, and therefore, their physical development. For instance, if children constantly do house-working and gardening, they will be healthy. This example clearly shows that working hard improves not only health but also diversifies lifestyle. From this, it can be concluded that living in villages accelerates physical developing and improves skills which they need in future life.
Secondly, there is no doubt to say that rural children can adapt and develop in big cities, which are saturated by a variety of places. For example, they can visit and feel a sense of ethnic places, restaurants, stadiums, despite adapting. It is obvious when looking at the example that rural children slowly adapt for boiling city lifestyle. Thus, it would be better to live near big cities.
After analysing the areas of both lifestyles, it can be concluded that rural children are healthier than children of big cities. As has been shown, skills of rural children based on house-working, albeit village is not an ideal place to develop life skills. It is predicted that children will live in villages in the future.
[ by - Mama]
Model Answer 4:
At the present time, people say that children should be grown in the countryside rather than in the big city. I totally disagree with this rubric, because in big cities the quality of education and medicine are better compared with rural areas and huge occupation choice makes the city more convenient place in nourish of the child.
Firstly, children should be educated by qualified teachers but the countryside can't create that kind of condition for education and a large number of their teachers didn't even end up the university education. Good education is the earnest of success in the future. But not only a bright future depends on the education of the children, it also depends on proper medical treatment and facilities of medicine.
Aforesaid medicine, one of the main necessary things in raising children. Without vaccination, young children might get ill or even die from fatal diseases. To prevent this, in cities almost every month child is gone through medicine check and necessary injections are done to him.
In addition to this, currently the development of big cities strongly differs from the development of rural areas and it's another reason to grow children in big cities. Better conditions for children in job selection, they can choose every career they want, for example, to be a pilot, they can realise their dream in the city, but in a lot of countrysides, the airports don't exist.
In conclusion, a countryside is not the best place to raise children and big cities either. But, in my view nourishment of children should take place in the city due to high education and medicine level and the big choice in job selection.
[ by - Akmal Sharipov]
Model Answer 5:
City life has improved significantly with the advancement of technology and it provides state of the art facilities and services to its residents. Some people argue that children are more receptive to new learning experiences that could only be practice in cities. Children can enjoy a high standard of education, modern libraries, parks and many others technological services while spending their lives in cities. However, others claim that countryside is environmentally friendly and provides great physical activities that are mandatory for children health. I strongly believe that life in the city has undeniable positive effects on children.
Education plays a pivotal role in children life. Educational institutions in cities are equipped with modern teaching methods and facilities and have more qualified and trained professionals that help students substantially to improve their knowledge and information about the subject. Furthermore, the internet and mobile phone has become an essential constituent of children daily life and are more prevalent in cities. New technological advancement also helps children to achieve better grades by researching on the internet and by other positive use of these technologies.
However, it is often seen that children in villages are healthier and less susceptible to illness. Some of the reasons are clean environment and absence of pollution in their area and vicinity. In addition to this, they are more interested in physical games and take parts in activities that demand hard work and strength thus help them to remain active and fit.
To sum up, I would like to say that children grown up in cities are more dynamic and intellectual due to finest facilities they had. This also helps them in achieving more success in long run.
[ by - Fahad Sultan]
:D :lol: :-) :roll:
If it is about health, then gymnasiums and other sports clubs are present in cities which prevent people from suffering from obesity and other health related problems.
How can I improve my writing skill?
I am confused about the last paragraph. Please help.
IELTS Mentor
Dear Nanci, you are correct and that was really confusing. We have corrected that and hopefully, no further confusion remains.
Model Answer 1 is a contradiction. In the introduction, it says that he/she thinks that growing up in the country is a better choice. However, in the conclusion, it says it is better if children grow up in a city. It is very very confusing.


Ateles fusciceps fusciceps — Overview
Brown-headed Spider Monkey learn more about names for this taxon
IUCN threat status:
Critically Endangered (CR)
Read full entry
Brown-headed spider monkey
The brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps ), is a critically endangered subspecies of the black-headed spider monkey, a type of New World monkey,[1] found in northwestern Ecuador.[2][3]
Its type locality is at 1500 m in the Hacienda Chinipamba, Imbabura Province in North-West Ecuador.[1] Some authorities, such as Froelich (1991), Collins and Dubach (2001) and Nieves (2005), do not recognize the black-headed spider monkey as a distinct species and so treat the brown-headed spider monkey as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.[4]
The brown-headed spider monkey lives in tropical and subtropical humid forests that are between 100 and 1,700 metres (330 and 5,600 ft) above sea level. It lives in population densities of 1.2 monkeys per square kilometer.[2] It has a black or brown body and a brown head, while the Colombian spider monkey (A. f. rufiventris) is entirely black with some white on its chin.[2]
 2. ^ a b c d Cuarón, A.D., Morales, A., Shedden, A., Rodriguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008). Ateles fusciceps ssp. fusciceps. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
 3. ^ Rylands, A., Groves, C., Mittermeier, R., Cortes-Ortiz, L., and Hines, J. (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. pp. 56–66. ISBN 0-387-25854-X.
 4. ^ Collins, A. (2008). "The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century". In Campbell, C. Spider Monkeys. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–67. ISBN 978-0-521-86750-4.
Source: Wikipedia
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How many times have you gone out to the practice range with a big bag or bucket of balls and hit them until: 1. Your back was too sore to hit another, or 2. You were slapping them down there pretty well and it just felt good. Notice, I called it THE PRACTICE RANGE.
How can hitting balls every ten seconds be good for you? Either: 1. You'll hurt yourself and/or 2. You equate "quantity" with "quality."
I've been following Jack Nicklaus' example of how to practice my entire career. It is a process I teach my students: practice how you play.
You'll be surprised just how effective 20 ball can be instead of 200.
-- Steve
P.S. The response we received from all of you to our "Immediate Improvement" streaming video was fantastic! So were the comments from golfers who discovered "immediate" was the right word. We're about ready to put together another 30 more tips so keep checking the site out. We'll also be having another drawing. Stay tuned.
P.P.S. We been asked if we still have "The Three Fundamentals" DVD (physical disk). Definitely. Click below to order (remember Father's Day).
Order Now


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DataTable.Merge Method (DataTable)
Merge the specified DataTable with the current DataTable.
Namespace: System.Data
Assembly: System.Data (in
public void Merge (
 DataTable table
public void Merge (
 DataTable table
public function Merge (
 table : DataTable
Not applicable.
The DataTable to be merged with the current DataTable.
The Merge method is used to merge two DataTable objects that have largely similar schemas. A merge is typically used on a client application to incorporate the latest changes from a data source into an existing DataTable. This allows the client application to have a refreshed DataTable with the latest data from the data source.
The merge operation takes into account only the original table, and the table to be merged. Child tables are not affected or included. If a table has one or more child tables, defined as part of a relationship, each child table must be merged individually.
When performing a merge, changes made to the existing data before the merge are preserved by default during the merge operation. Developers can modify this behavior by calling one of the other two overloads for this method, and specifying a false value for the preserveChanges parameter.
In a client application, it is usual to have a single button that the user can click that gathers the changed data and validates it before sending it back to a middle tier component. In this scenario, the GetChanges method is first invoked. That method returns a second DataTable optimized for validating and merging. This second DataTable object contains only the DataRow objects that were changed, resulting in a subset of the original DataTable. This subset is generally smaller and thus more efficiently passed back to a middle tier component. The middle tier component then updates the original data source with the changes through stored procedures. The middle tier can then send back either a new DataTable that includes original data and the latest data from the data source (by running the original query again), or it can send back the subset with any changes that have been made to it from the data source. (For example, if the data source automatically creates unique primary key values, these values can be propagated back to the client application.) In either case, the returned DataTable can be merged back into the client application's original DataTable with the Merge method.
When merging a new source DataTable into the target, any source rows with a DataRowState value of Unchanged, Modified, or Deleted, is matched to target rows with the same primary key values. Source rows with a DataRowState value of Added are matched to new target rows with the same primary key values as the new source rows.
The following console application creates a simple DataTable and adds data to the table. The example then creates a copy of the table, adding rows to the copy. Finally, the example calls the Merge method to merge the data in the second table with the data in the first table.
private static void DemonstrateMergeTable()
 DataTable table1 = new DataTable("Items");
 // Add columns
 DataColumn column1 = new DataColumn("id", typeof(System.Int32));
 DataColumn column2 = new DataColumn("item", typeof(System.Int32));
 // Set the primary key column.
 table1.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[] { column1 };
 // Add RowChanged event handler for the table.
 table1.RowChanged +=
 new System.Data.DataRowChangeEventHandler(Row_Changed);
 // Add some rows.
 DataRow row;
 row = table1.NewRow();
 row["id"] = i;
 row["item"] = i;
 // Accept changes.
 PrintValues(table1, "Original values");
 // Create a second DataTable identical to the first.
 DataTable table2 = table1.Clone();
 // Add three rows. Note that the id column can't be the
 // same as existing rows in the original table.
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 14;
 row["item"] = 774;
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 12;
 row["item"] = 555;
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 13;
 row["item"] = 665;
 // Merge table2 into the table1.
 PrintValues(table1, "Merged With table1");
private static void Row_Changed(object sender,
 DataRowChangeEventArgs e)
 Console.WriteLine("Row changed {0}\t{1}",
 e.Action, e.Row.ItemArray[0]);
private static void PrintValues(DataTable table, string label)
 // Display the values in the supplied DataTable:
 foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
 foreach (DataColumn col in table.Columns)
 Console.Write("\t " + row[col].ToString());
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0
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Supported in: 2.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: 1.0
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text:
Fundamental warning object used throughout vl.
This is a product type introduced by defprod.
- type — symbolp
- A symbol, most often a keyword symbol, that describes very broadly
what kind of warning this is. There is no particular discipline or
strategy for assigning types to warnings, but the basic goal is to be
able to use these types to filter out or group up similar warnings.
- msg — stringp
- A more detailed message describing what went wrong. This string
should be acceptable to vl-fmt; it is similar to the "format
strings" used by ACL2's cw function, but there are some
important differences, e.g., not all fmt directives are
supported, and extra Verilog-specific directives are available.
- args — ACL2::true-list
- Arguments that will be composed with the tilde directives in msg
when the warning is displayed to the user. That is, a directive like
~x0 refers to the first argument, ~x1 to the second, etc.
- fn — symbolp
- A symbol, intended to be the name of the function that caused the
warning. This is intended to be useful for VL debugging, to help make
the source of the warning more apparent. Only good discipline (and
handy macros) ensure that this is correctly reported.
- fatalp — booleanp
- Indicates whether this error is so severe that the module ought to
be thrown away and not subjected to further translation. See the
general discussion in warnings for more information on how
this is used.
- suppressedp — booleanp
- Indicates that this warning was suppressed by an ignore attribute.
- Context object for this warning; should be NIL or printable with "~a".
- Recognizer for vl-warning structures.
- Fixing function for vl-warning structures.
- Basic constructor macro for vl-warning structures.
- Basic equivalence relation for vl-warning structures.
- Get the suppressedp field from a vl-warning.
- Modifying constructor for vl-warning structures.
- Get the type field from a vl-warning.
- Get the msg field from a vl-warning.
- Get the fatalp field from a vl-warning.
- Get the args field from a vl-warning.
- Get the fn field from a vl-warning.
- Get the context field from a vl-warning.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
So the English class teacher is teaching IEEE referencing style, and we have something like this as an example:
Chan [1] claims that...
The teacher said:
The referencing number is followed by the author's last name.
Wait... I thought "A is followed by B" means B follows A, that means A comes first, B comes next.
Has the teacher made an obvious mistake, or is it my fault? (Could I have misheard that?)
share|improve this question
Either is possible: you may have misheard, or the statement made was wrong. Certainly the number follows the name in your example. – Andrew Leach Feb 27 '13 at 15:25
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
There's a chance the teacher was explaining how the reference is formatted at the end of the paper. From an IEEE citation reference guide:
[2] L. Stein, "Random patterns," in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.
[3] R. L. Myer, "Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials," in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.
Once you're at the end of the paper (as opposed to in the body of the text), the referencing number is followed by the author's name – just like the teacher said.
But your understanding of is followed by is correct.
share|improve this answer
I really need to read up on the fundamental insolvability of determining simultaneity between unrelated reference frames. :) – tchrist Feb 27 '13 at 15:37
_USER_: I think there's an expression for that – great minds think alike? – J.R. Feb 27 '13 at 15:40
A normal use has the name following the reference number when used in the footnote or bibliography.
Chan [1] claims that bound morphemes form an independent class in all PIE-derived languages.
 1. Jeremiah P. Chan in "Rethinking morphemic class assignment in Proto-Indo-European" in Proceeding of the American Linguistic Society, June 2015 (Boston).
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Most ABG machines are so sophisticated that they rarely make errors. Most studies seem to confirm this, noting that as many as 68 percent of ABG analytical errors are handling errors that occur between the time of the draw and insertion of the syringe in the ABG machine, according to John J. Ancy in his RTmagazine.com article, "Blood Gases and Preanalytical Error Prevention."
The following are possible preanalytical errors:
1. Exposure to air:
- Problem: Whole blood continues to metabolize after the draw, and for this reason it's important to have proper handling of the sample. There is a bubble in the syringe.
- Error: Trapped air in the syringe causes the PO2 to move toward 150, which is the PO2 of room air. So if the actual PO2 is less than 150, the PO2 reading may be inaccurately high as it moves up towards 150. If the actual PO2 is greater than 150, the PO2 reading may be inaccurately low as it moves down toward 150. CO2 become slightly lower with a slight rise in pH.
- Solution: Tap bubbles from syringe and aspirate air into a filter immediately after the draw.
2. Improper mixing of heparin:
- Problem: If dry heparin is not mixed with the blood clots may form and readings may not be accurate
- Error: Clotting cannot be reversed. Clots may cause to machine to break down.
- Solution: A small amount of dry heparin will prevent clots. Make sure to mix the syringe, roll it between your fingers, for about one minute, and then expelling a few drops into a gauze pad, both prior to inserting the syringe into machine. The flea in capillary blood gases should be used to mix the sample for five seconds.
3. Ice storage
- Problem: Past policies recommended storing the post draw ABG in a slurry of ice, although new recommendations frown upon this. It's difficult to get outdated hospital policies changed.
- Error: It reduces metabolism of the blood in the syringe, but the new plastic syringes are permeable to outside oxygen molecules. Cooling increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, and this may attract oxygen molecules from ambient air to these hemoglobin molecules. This may artificially inflate PO2.
- Solution: Do not use an ice slurry. Instead, assure that the blood is inserted into the analyser within 30 minutes of the draw. New recommendations suggest only placing the ABG on ice if the time from draw to ABG analyzer is longer than 30 minutes. I wrote more about this here.
4. Art line draw:
- Problem: Heparin is needed to keep blood from clotting in the art line system
- Error: Heparin in the syringe may cause inaccurate results
- Solution: You must waste two times the dead space in the system. How do you know the dead space volume. Ancy explains: "If vascular line dead space is unknown, turn the stopcock to the sampling port and withdraw flush solution until blood appears in the hub of waster syringe. The volume in the syringe at that point will be equal to the dead space, double that volume for the waste draw."
- Problem: Changes in patient settings may affect ABG results: Peep changes, oxygen changes, suctioning, ventilator settings, etc.
- Error: ABG results may be artificially high or low
- Solution: Most recommendations suggest waiting 20-30 minutes after changing oxygen, ventilator settings, or PEEP/CPAP.
6. Temperature Correction:
- Problem: Some experts recommend if a patient has a fever the temperature on the analyzer should be adjusted to match the patient temperature. It's difficult to change past hospital policies, and it's difficult to get doctors to understand that methods of interpreting corrected and uncorrected temperature readings may be different. For this reason, most medical experts recommend NOT making any corrections in temperature. In other words, there are no reference ranges for other temperatures other than room temperature. I wrote about this here.
- Error: Temperature can inadvertently affect ABG results by speeding up metabolism.
- Solution: At present, the recommendation is not to make any temperature correction. Ideally, there should be reference ranges for ABGs at all temperatures. Temperatures should be corrected only at the recommendation of the physician, and any changes in temperature should be reported in the comments. Interpretation of the results is to be done by the physician who requests them.


Cable management best practices
Maximize uptime by limiting bandwidth, distance, latency and congestion issues in your cable plant.
What you will learn from this tip: This tip can help you maximize uptime by limiting bandwidth, distance, latency and congestion issues in your cable plant.
Cable management is usually an afterthought when implementing a new SAN infrastructure, but can have a dramatic...
impact on the overall availability of your data.
The issues that affect SAN functions include bandwidth, distance and connections, latency, congestion and cable issues.
Related information
Interchangeable cables?
SAN vs. LAN network integrity
Connecting multimode fiber cable to single mode
This is the speed of your storage network. SAN equipment can be purchased today using either 100 MBps (1 Gb), 200 MBps (2 Gb) or 400 MBps (4 Gb) parts, with 10 Gb on the horizon. SAN equipment vendors try to be nice by making all the faster stuff backward compatible with the slower stuff. The problem is that everything in the path always slows down to the speed of the slowest part in the path.
In order to reduce issues with speed negotiation between components, it is sometimes beneficial to hard set all the components at a fixed speed. If everything is 4 Gb capable, then manually set each component to 4 Gb to reduce speed negotiation overhead and errors.
In other words, use all the same speed parts and use the speed your applications need.
Distance and Connections
Distance issues can be the cause of all kinds of flaky intermittent gremlin-type problems. In a 1 Gb SAN, there can be no more than 500 meters between devices. Two Gb limits you to 300 meters; 4 Gb is even shorter. When upgrading from 2 Gb to 4 Gb, you need to make sure the distance between your hosts and SAN storage is still within the appropriate range.
When using a patch panel, signal loss is a concern. Each patch can lose about.5 decibels (db) per connection, Try and keep total loss under 4.0 db for all connections per link. Limiting signal loss is key, so try not to use more than two patch panel connections between your server and the storage in a SAN.
Latency is caused by too much distance or too many hops between your servers and storage. A hop is defined as a connection through a switch. If you connect a server through one switch, that equals one hop. Hops can add milliseconds of delay through the fabric. One or two hops is normal in a well-designed SAN. The more hops the data takes, the higher the latency.
Congestion occurs when there are too many things happening at once over the same connection. Congestion in a SAN is usually called "over subscription." Avoid congestion by using a separate backup fabric. If your data needs to traverse an ISL to get to storage, then make sure you are using enough connections to satisfy the bandwidth's requirements. Switch "trunking" (interconnecting switches in local area networks to form larger networks and to interconnect to a wide area network) can help in this regard.
Cable Issues
Some companies try to save money by reusing 62.5 micron cables used for optical Ethernet. The two cables have different core sizes. Using mismatched core sizes will cause signal loss. Stay with the 50u cables built for SAN.
Fibre cables use light to transmit data. Dispersion and absorption of light due to micro or macro bending of the cables can cause signal loss. Avoid excessive crimping or bending.
When implementing the cable plant for a SAN, proper design and standards should be followed to help avoid those intermittent problems that can keep you awake at night.
Do you know...
How to safely relocate your SAN?
The reasons for zoning your SAN?
This was last published in February 2006
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[ODE] Destroying Body before Geom
cwosborn at nps.edu
Wed Oct 19 18:45:17 MST 2005
How does one correctly destroy a body before the geom associated with
it? I have a base class with a dGeomID and a derived class with a
dBodyID. Since the derived classes destructor is called first,
dBodyDestroy is called before dGeomDestroy.
This results in a access violation in collision_kernel.cpp:
dxGeom *dGeomGetBodyNext (dxGeom *geom)
return geom->body_next; //right here, where geom is a bad pointer
I've tried calling dGeomSetBody(mGeomID, 0) prior to dBodyDestory,
hoping to decouple the two. But then it dies in dxGeom::bodyRemove().
More information about the ODE


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Unformatted text preview: Past/Imperfect Progressive
Grammar essential #113 Past Progressive
What is it?
It is used when action was happening in
Just like present progressive has a
formula, past progressive does too.
The rules for past progressive are the
same as present progressive.
Formula: estar (imperfect tense) + present
participle. Past progressive
– Estar (imperfect tense) + present participle Estar in the imperfect tense.
– She was cleaning.
To clean = limpiar
Estar (imperfect tense) + present participle
Ella estaba limpiando. If you have forgotten how to form the
present participles, please refer back to
grammar concepts 39, 40, 41, and 42.
grammar Past progressive
Remember when adding direct objects,
indirect objects, and reflexive pronouns,
you add them to the end of the present
participle and add an accent on the a of
-ando and the e of -iendo or -yendo.
ndo Past Progressive
How do you use past progressive with
How would you conjugate ducharse in the
tú of the past progressive?
Remember it is the same as adding an
object as far as the addition of an object.
The difference is that you have to make
the reflexive pronoun agree.
View Full Document
- Winter '11
- Romance languages, Perfect aspect, Ella estaba, Ella estaba limpiando


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Socioeconomic Impacts of Coastal Tourism on Local Communities in Kuakata, Bangladesh
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The socioeconomic impacts of coastal tourism depend on local communities' participation in tourism activities and gathering both positive and negative consequences. However, an understanding of the socioeconomic impacts is essential for making proper strategic efforts for its sustainable existence. We identify the socioeconomic impacts of coastal tourism on local communities in Kuakata, which is one of the natural coastal tourist attractions in Bangladesh. Our study is based on quantitative survey data from 350 local tourism stakeholders obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Based on a theoretical framework, factor analysis has been conducted to perceive the latent construct of four dimensions of coastal tourism impacts, namely, livelihood, economic, social, and environmental aspects. Later, cluster analysis has been used to observe the overall socioeconomic impact. Our study revealed that the overall impacts of coastal tourism have significant consequences among the respondents in different age groups, educational levels, and income categories. Tourism activities are important for sustainable livelihood, increasing adaptive capacity, and reducing vulnerability in coastal areas. We also observe that there is poor empowerment of locals, lack of regulations, and limited community participation in coastal tourism activities in Kuakata. Policymakers, industry professionals, and academics need to give careful attention to the overall impacts so that sustainable development can be achieved through coastal tourism development in the study area.
WORKING PAPER 1430


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by Staff Writers
Jena, Germany (SPX) Jul 10, 2012 Max Planck scientists have found out that the olfactory system in hermit crabs is still underdeveloped in comparison to that of vinegar flies. While flies have a very sensitive sense of smell and are able to identify various odor molecules in the air, crabs recognize only a few odors, such as the smell of organic acids, amines, aldehydes, or seawater.
Humidity significantly enhanced electrical signals induced in their antennal neurons as well as the corresponding behavioral responses to the odorants. The olfactory sense of vinegar flies, on the other hand, was not influenced by the level of air moisture at all. Exploring the molecular biology of olfaction in land crabs and flies thus allows insights into the evolution of the olfactory sense during the transition from life in water to life on land.
Crabs and flies
Odor signals are important cues for the crabs' search for food. In order to detect odor molecules outside the water on land, the sensory organs of arthropods had to adapt to the new, terrestrial environment. How did sensory perception evolve during the transition from sea to land?
"The land hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus is an ideal study object to answer this question," says Bill Hansson, director of the Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany. The animals live in humid regions close to the sea and regularly visit water sources. Females release the larvae into the sea, where they grow into young crabs.
These young crabs look for empty snail shells and live on land. They eat fruits and plants. This way of life suggests that the olfactory sense in crabs is still at an early stage of development.
Voltage and behavior
A striking feature of the subsequently performed bioassays was that the crabs' behavioral responses to odorants were more obvious and much faster at a significantly increased humidity, assumingly due to an enhanced electrical excitability of their antennal neurons.
The EAG showed in fact a reaction at the neurons which was three to ten times stronger if active odors were applied at a higher humidity. In contrast, antennal neurons of vinegar flies did not show any differences and responded evenly and independently of the degree of humidity.
Evolution of olfaction
In the water flea genome, no genetic information was actually found for so-called olfactory receptors, which are responsible for the highly sensitive olfactory system in insects, such as vinegar flies. Although the receptor genes which are present in the hermit crab genome have not been elucidated yet, the scientists assume that olfaction in crabs is mediated by the original, evolutionarily older ionotropic receptors.
It is generally believed that the ancestors of many insect species made the transition from the seas to the continents during much earlier geological eras and that insects have adapted their olfactory system to life on land very well. Terrestrial crustaceans, on the other hand, may be able to use their sense of smell on land thanks to a basic molecular "equipment", but their olfaction is still quite underdeveloped in comparison to insects.
Therefore hermit crabs usually stay near the coast: not only because of the short way back to the sea where they reproduce, but also because of their limited sense of smell which does not allow them to orient themselves without any problems in the dry air of the heartlands.
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
Darwin Today At TerraDaily.com
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The cars on U.S. roads are older than they've ever been.
A recent survey found that the average age of U.S. vehicles is now at a record high of 11.5 years.
That means the average passenger car on the road today was built for the 2004 model year--and that there's a long tail of cars stretching well back into the 1990s around you in daily traffic.
DON'T MISS: Gas Prices Matter To U.S. Households, But Only Somewhat
The statistic comes from research firm IHS Automotive, which supplied a few reasons for increased average car age, according to The Car Connection.
One reason is that cars built over the last decade or so are better made than ones made 20 or 30 years ago--a response to consistent consumer calls for increased reliability.
Greater electric-car adoption could accelerate this trend even further because: Without combustion engines, electric cars have far fewer parts that can break or wear out.
2004 Honda Civic Coupe
2004 Honda Civic Coupe
Of course, the resilience of cars doesn't matter if people don't continue driving them.
The data indicate people are using their older cars more, and a lower rate of crashes means fewer cars are taken off the road due to damage.
And while new-car purchases are on the rise, many recent buyers likely haven't bought a new car in a long time.
ALSO SEE: U.S.P.S. 'Long Life' Vehicles Last 25 Years, But Age Shows Now
Buyers now keep new cars for an average 77.8 months--26 months longer than they did in 2006.
Used-car buyers keep their purchases an average 63 months, a 25-month increase.
This may still be due to the aftereffects of the Great Recession, which severely depressed car sales and caused the average age of cars to spike.
2004 Nissan Sentra
2004 Nissan Sentra
While showroom traffic is still strong and sales are at 10-year highs, IHS believes the average age of cars on U.S. roads will continue to increase, albeit more slowly.
It predicts the volume of vehicles aged zero to five years will increase 24 percent over the next five years, and the volume of sixto 11-year-old vehicles will decline by 11 percent.
MORE: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Average Vehicle Now 11.4 Years Old, Oldest Since WW2 (Aug 2013)
But the volume of cars aged 12 years or more will increase 15 percent by 2020, researchers say.
The average age of vehicles is expected to reach 11.6 years in 2016, and 11.7 years in 2018.
When those cars do get replaced, though, increasingly-strict efficiency standards mean it will almost certainly be with something that uses less fuel.
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Piracy doesn't pay, especially not for those who get caught. About two years ago, there was a huge piracy bust involving two man in California who were pirating tons of media, including music, software and movies. Now, after all this time, those two men have been sentenced, and they certainly didn't get a slap on the wrist.
For their part in pushing the replicated goods, they will both be receiving 37 months in prison and severe fines. One of them will be responsible for a $125,000, whereas the other faces a steep $6.9 million:
Ye Teng Wen, also known as Michael Wen, 31, and Hao He, who is sometimes called Kevin He, 32, both of Union City, Calif., were each sentenced to 37 months in federal prison, three years of supervised release, a $125,000 fine, and a $500 mandatory special assessment. On June 4, a third conspirator, Yaobin Zhai, also known as Ben Zhai, 34, of Fremont, Calif., received the same sentence but also was ordered to pay $6.9 million in restitution.
Definitely not a light sentence for such a crime, showing how much more aggressive authorities are becoming towards piraters. The past three years in particular have been marked by several high-profile cases in which a group or sometimes even an individual faces prison for piracy.


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2-Dimensional structures with swift optical response have several technological advantages, for example they could be used as components of ultrafast light modulators, photo-detectors, and optical switches. Here we report on the fast photo switching behavior of thin films of liquid phase exfoliated MoS 2, when excited with a continuous laser of λ=658nm (E=1.88eV), over a broad range of laser power. Transient photo-conductivity measurements, using an optical pump and THz probe (OPTP), reveal that photo carrier decay follows a bi-exponential time dependence, with decay times of the order of picoseconds, indicating that the photo carrier recombination occurs via trap states. The nature of variation of photocurrent with temperature confirms that the trap states are continuously distributed within the mobility gap in these thin film of MoS2, and play a vital role in influencing the overall photo response. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the photo-physics associated with optically active 2D materials and are crucial for developing advanced optoelectronic devices.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


If you've ever been to an ocean, you've probably seen sand dollars on the beach or in souvenir shops. You may have even seen live sand dollars moving around on the sandy ocean floor. But what exactly are these creatures?
Sand dollars — sometimes called sea cookies, snapper biscuits, sand cakes, cake urchins or pansy shells — are species of flat, burrowing echinoids that belong to the order Clypeasteroida. Sand dollars are related to sea urchins, sea cucumbers and starfish.
When sand dollars are alive, they live in shallow coastal waters along the sandy ocean floor. Unlike the white color of dead sand dollars, live sand dollars are usually green, purple or blue. Some people think live sand dollars look like fuzzy cookies!
Live sand dollars are covered with a dense, velvety layer of short spines and tubular feet. They use these spines and tubular feet to burrow into the sand and move around.
You may have noticed that sand dollar skeletons feature a pattern that looks like a flower. This pattern is where the live sand dollar's tubular feet are located. In addition to helping the sand dollar move, these tubular feet also help direct food found on the ocean floor to the sand dollar's mouth.
Wonder What's Next?
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BLM Road Numbers - Understanding Township and Range
BLM roads are identified numerically by a legal description based upon a rectangular grid, established from a point in northwest Portland, and spanning the State. From this point, Township grid lines run east and west; Range grid lines run north and south -each six miles apart. The resulting 6-mile squares called Townships are divided into 36 one-mile squares called Sections. Each section is approximately 640 acres.
BLM road signs in the field have three numbers. They identify the Township, Range, and Section from which a road originates. For example:
Numbers after the decimal point indicate another road originating in Section 14.


South Carolina's Flagship University
Regulatory Pathfinder
for Coastal Development in South Carolina
Nationwide Permit # 36 - Boat Ramps
Boat ramps may be eligible for a federal streamlined permitting process under NWP #36.
It may be worthwhile to contact the Corps office to discuss your project if you have any questions.
Boat ramps must meet both federal and state requirements. All boat ramps must meet the following state standards:
 1. Boat ramps are to provide water access to those who do not otherwise have access by a dock, pier or marina;
 2. Unless no feasible alternatives exist in non-vegetated wetlands, vegetated wetlands cannot be filled or excavated for purposes of constructing boat ramps. If filling or excavating is allowed it must be limited to what is reasonable for the intended use;
 3. Boat ramps must be constructed of environmentally acceptable materials and demonstrate sound design and construction so the ramp is reasonably expected to be safe and effective and minimize adverse effects;
 4. Boat ramp locations that require dredging or filling of wetlands to provide deep water access, parking areas or associated facilities are not permitted, unless no feasible alternatives exist and environmental impacts are minimized;
 5. Public use boat ramps in easily accessible areas (bridges, existing abandoned causeways or other areas) are encouraged if the areas comply with other applicable regulations;
 6. Priorities for boat ramp construction in environmentally sensitive areas are as follows:
 1. First priority goes to public use ramps that are open to all citizens;
 2. Then priority goes to restricted use ramps only open to citizens of a particular area or organization;
 3. And finally priority goes to to private use ramps for only one citizen or family.
 7. If private use is necessary, the ramp must, whenever feasible, be located where the least environmental impact will accrue and cannot be wider than 12 feet.
 8. (S.C. Code Regs. 30-12(B))
Last Updated October 29, 2010


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Hyksos of Ancient Egypt
"Do you know your Hyksos?"
15 Points Per Correct Answer - No time limit
When did the Hyksos first settle in Northern Egypt?
3rd Century B.C.
20th Century A.D.
3rd Century A.D.
18th Century B.C.
The Hyksos swept down into Egypt from what area?
The Hyksos ruled as kings during the 15th dynasty. Where did they establish their capital?
The Hyksos were able to maintain rule due to their advanced weaponry. Which of the following was not a part of their arsenal?
Which Egyptian king, last of the 17th Dynasty, began the military campaign that eventually vanquished the Hyksos from Egypt?
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