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Inspired by this question, I was curious about a comment in this article:
In many situations, it can be easy to apply Kolmogorov's zero-one law to show that some event has probability 0 or 1, but surprisingly hard to determine which of these two extreme values is the correct one.
Could someone provide an example?
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I especially like the way the conversation continues through several posts. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 27 '09 at 21:55
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There's a set of good examples from percolation theory:
If you create a "random network" with a certain probability p of edges between nodes (see article above for precise definitions) then there is an infinite cluster with probability either zero or one. But for a given value of p it can be nontrivial to determine which.
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This is not a clear-cut. I think there could also be values where p is between zero and one so I'm not sure the Kolmogorov theorem applies – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 27 '09 at 22:23
I don't follow. Here is a particular example: let G be the infinite square grid. Choose each edge to independently be present or absent with probability 1/2, thus obtain a random subgraph H. The 0-1 law tells us that the probability of H having an infinite connected component is either 0 or 1. Which? – David Speyer Oct 27 '09 at 22:34
My question is: how do you know the Kolmogorov law applies in this case? – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 27 '09 at 22:42
Adding or subtracting a finite number of edges can not change whether there is an infinite connected component. – David Speyer Oct 27 '09 at 22:53
And in some cases, by "nontrivial" you mean "a well-known open problem." – Nate Eldredge Jul 31 '10 at 16:30
I'm sure there must be situations where the answer is harder to determine, but the example that made me interested in the 0-1 Law (which I learned about from an excellent talk by W. Russell Mann about ten years ago) is the following:
Let $a_n$ be a sequence of real numbers (or complex numbers, or vectors in $\mathbb{R}^n$, or elements of a Hilbert space...), and let $(\epsilon_n)$ be a sign sequence, i.e., for all $n$, $\epsilon_n \in \{\pm 1\}$. Then, taking the probability space $\{ \pm 1 \}^{\infty}$ of all sign sequences [infinite direct product of the uniform probability measure on $\{\pm 1\}$], the event that the series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \epsilon_n a_n$ converges is a tail event, hence has probability $0$ or $1$. The question is to find a necessary and sufficient condition on the original series $\sum_n a_n$ for this probability to be $1$.
The Rademacher-Paley-Zygmund Theorem answers this question. A discussion (not a proof!) of this theorem and related problems is given here:
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I was just looking through a book which proves many interesting and rather difficult results on Brownian motion (pdf link, website link), and it seems that the Kolmogorov zero-one law applies to most of these.
Using Fourier transforms, a standard Brownian motion Xt on the range 0≤t≤1 can be decomposed as $$ X_t = At + \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi n}\left(B_n(\cos 2\pi nt - 1)+C_n\sin 2\pi nt\right) $$ where A, Bn, Cn are independent normals with mean 0 and variance 1. It follows that any property of the Brownian motion which is unchanged under addition of a linear combination of sines, cosines and linear terms is a tail event and, by Kolmogorov's zero-one law, has probability zero or one. Eg, Brownian motion is known to be nowhere differentiable (with probability 1).
It gets more interesting if you look at the modulus of continuity of Brownian motion. For any time t, the Law of the iterated logarithm says that $$ \limsup_{h\downarrow 0}\frac{|X_{t+h}-X_t|}{\sqrt{2h\log\log (1/h)}}=1 $$ with probability 1. From this, you can say that, with probability one, Brownian motion satisfies this limit almost everywhere (but not everywhere - there are exceptional times). More generally, they show that with probability one, the following are true at all times, $$ \limsup_{h\downarrow 0}\frac{|X_{t+h}-X_t|}{\sqrt{2h\log(1/h)}}\le 1,\ \limsup_{h\downarrow 0}\frac{|X_{t+h}-X_t|}{\sqrt{h}}\ge 1. $$ With probability one, these bounds are achieved. Times where the left inequality is an equality are fast times and slow times are when the right one is an equality. In the book I linked, they calculate lots of stuff about these fast and slow times, such as their fractal dimensions.
According to my decomposition of Brownian motion above, all of these definitions and statements are about tail events and we know that they must have probability 0 or 1 of being true. In fact, the sets of slow and fast times are defined in terms of tail events, so any measurable statement about these sets must be either always true or always false with probability one, and any measurable function of them, such as their fractal dimensions, must be deterministic constants with probability one, even though it is hard to calculate what they are. The same goes for many of the other properties of Brownian motion in the book I linked - they are tail events and therefore always true or false with probability one.
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Complexity theory provides tons of examples of this phenomenon.
Using Kolmogorov's zero-one law, one can show that Pr{AX = BX} is 0 or 1, where AX is the class of problems that can be solved by the complexity class A with oracle access to the language X. X is chosen uniformly over all languages. (The set of all languages is basically the powerset of Z, thus one can think of this set as [0,1], and then rephrase the probabilistic statement as a statement about the measure of the set to make it more precise.)
Although we know the answer to this question for some sets of complexity classes, like P and NP (Pr{PX = NPX}=0), I'm sure there are many complexity classes for which we don't know the answer.
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I can't seem to reply to Martin's response so I'm making a new one.
The first question one asks in percolation theory is whether an infinite open cluster exists. The zero-one law applies because as David Speyer said above, the existence of an infinite cluster is invariant under finite changes of edges. Equivalently, existence of an infinite cluster is a translation-invariant event. Thus this probability is zero or one, but depends on p, the parameter of the system (the probability a given bond is open). The beautiful theorem is that there is a critical parameter pc which only depends on the lattice structure.
One also studies the function
θ(p) = Pp( 0 is part of an infinite open cluster ).
Certainly, if p < pc, then θ(p) = 0 since there is no open cluster for 0 to be part of. For other values of p, θ(p) need not be equal to one, because the zero-one law does not apply: you can cut 0 off from an infinite cluster by finitely-many changes (make the bonds around 0 closed); similarly, the event is not translation-invariant.
As an aside, David's example above is critical percolation on the lattice Z2, where pc = 1/2 (this value is non-trivial; Kesten proved it years after Hammersley presented the model).
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History of Concord's Colonial Inn
Learn more about our Inn's rich 300 year history with these key facts and dates:
- 1716 – Concord's Colonial Inn's original structure was built.
- 1775 – One of the Inn's original buildings was used as a storehouse for arms and provisions during the Revolutionary War. When the British came to seize and destroy the supplies, the Minutemen met them at the North Bridge on April 19th for what became the first battle of the American Revolution. The event is commemorated every April with a parade near the Inn and a ceremony at the North Bridge on Patriots' Day.
- Early 1800s – Parts of the Inn were used as a variety store and a residence.
- 1835 – 1837 – Henry David Thoreau resided with us while he attended Harvard.
- Mid 1800s – The building was used as a boarding house and a small hotel, named the Thoreau House after Henry's aunts, the "Thoreau Girls."
- 1889 – The Inn as we know it today begins operating. Situated on Concord's town common, known as Monument Square, the Inn is surrounded by landmarks of our nation's literary and revolutionary history.
- 1900 – The property was given its current name: Concord's Colonial Inn.
- 1988 – The Inn is purchased by German Hotelier, Jurgen Demisch.
- 2012 – The Prescott Wing undergoes a top-to-bottom restoration.
We look forward to welcoming you to many more significant historical moments in years to come. For more information on the rich history of our property, simply inquire with one of the helpful staff members during your next visit.

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Questions often get edited after you answer them. Some edits are insignificant, but there are edits that change the question significantly enough to warrant a change of the answer.
It would be nice to get notifications of edits that could potentially change the relevance of your answer. This would give you an opportunity to improve your answer in response to an edit.
However, there is a clear danger of "false positives" here: too many notifications reduce the chance of spotting the relevant ones. That's why I think that notifications should be added only when
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The first condition makes sure that the edit could be potentially significant; the second rule reduces the chance of duplicate notifications; the third one removes notifications when the system is nearly certain that you have seen the edit (because you updated your answer after the edit to the question)2.
1 This rule can be bypassed for community WIKI questions.
2 I admit that the heuristic approach above may not be ideal, so an alternative way of identifying "significant" edits could be designed. For example, the site could offer the OP an opportunity to notify authors of the answers of the change to the question with a dialog box or something similar, for example, like this:
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As much as I would like to be notified, I can see a lot of problems with this in actual practice. I could see a lot of OPs sending out notifications for trivial edits (because it seems important to them, or they just choose a button to click) or not sending a notification for significant edits ("I won't want to bother everyone"). If posters could be trusted to use this notification properly I think it would be a great feature, but I just don't see that happening.
Also keep in mind there shouldn't be edits made that entirely invalidate answers. If such an edit would be that dramatic it likely means it should be a new question. This means that, even with the heuristics you've given, most of the edits to the OP shouldn't be invalidating your answer (even after the filters you've listed).
All in all I imagine the rate of false positives being greater than the rate of legitimate positives, or at least high enough that this feature wouldn't be all that useful.
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Get North Carolina educators up and moving with an icebreaker that guarantees 100% participation and reinforces important background information about NC WiseOwl. NC students can use the resources in WiseOwl for gathering, evaluating, and using information for research, project learning, solving problems and making informed decisions.
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Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California
Atlantic Richfield Corp. has purchased 480 acres in the Sierra Nevada for the tribe, part of settlement with the Environmental Protection Agency over pollution from the abandoned Leviathan sulfur mine in California's rural Alpine County. It resolves ARCO's liability for failing to prevent ponds of acid mine drainage from spilling over and contaminating the Carson River watershed in 1998, the EPA said. The $750,000 property, north of Stampede Reservoir in Sierra County, Calif., is surrounded by the Tahoe and Toiyabe national forests. Though the Washoes will hold title, a Nature Conservancy easement ensures its protection in the future. The tribe plans to operate a summer educational program on the property to teach Washoe children about their culture. "The Washoes have been tremendous advocates for the conservation and restoration of their ancestral lands in the eastern Sierra,'' said Keith Takata, director of the EPA's Superfund division in San Francisco. Pollution killed off aquatic life, including the threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout, in Leviathan and Bryant creeks that meander through Indian trust lands before reaching the river. Crews treat drainage in holding ponds by adding lime. ARCO and the University of Nevada, Reno are working on methods to treat acid mine drainage at the site, inaccessible in the winter, year round.

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She Said Theatre makes Sydney debut with Fallen, an all-female provocation
These days, the London suburb of Shepherd's Bush is best known for its BBC facilities, its permanent market, and Loftus Road, home ground of Queens Park Rangers FC.
But in the 1840s, what is now a densely developed area was semi-rural, with tracts of open farmland. An ideal environment, thought the novelist Charles Dickens, for a home for "fallen" women.
Urania Cottage, the residential reformatory for women Dickens set up with financial backing from a banking heiress, is a biographical footnote in the life of the prodigiously energetic novelist and social reform advocate. Few knew anything of it until British writer Jenny Hartley published Charles Dickens and the House of Fallen Women in 2008.
Now Urania Cottage is the inspiration for a new Australian play, Fallen, written by Seanna van Helten and staged by the Melbourne-based She Said Theatre.
So what was a "fallen woman" and what did you do to become one?
"Maybe you grew up in an orphanage, or your father ended up in a debtor's prison," says Penny Harpham, company co-founder and the director of Fallen. "Or you could be a petty thief or a sex worker."
Dickens, she explains, would go into the streets and gaols and hand-select women he thought suitable for reform. "He was looking for something in their character he deemed worthy," Harpham says.
Dickens believed fallen women could wipe the slate clean through training in the household arts, reading, gardening and learning the piano. His goal was to reform the women so they were fit for export to the colonies as marriage material.
"I read the book and I thought, this is insane," says Harpham. "No one knows about this. We are talking about how Australia was founded, on these people being sent to Australia. We are still sorting this out. By zooming in on this really specific time, we can show people how it still resonates today."
Fallen doesn't offer conventional period drama. Instead, van Helten and Harpham use the historical record as a springboard into an examination of Victorian patriarchy and its ongoing echoes.
"We are coming at this as contemporary feminist theatremakers," Harpham says. "We are asking questions. Our story tells of a year in the life of this house and the relationships, desires, disappointments and heartbreaks these women experience as they enter into the program, then start to question the program itself."
Fallen marks the Sydney debut of She Said Theatre, which Harpham and van Helten, both VCA graduates, formed in response to the gender imbalance in creative positions in theatre.
"We have men in the company but we have a rule that on every project, we have more women than men," Harpham says. "We don't ever want to get into a position where we say, 'wow, why aren't there many female voices in the room?'"
She Said Theatre also addresses diversity issues by ensuring that in every production, there are opportunities for those the mainstream theatre industry might be overlooking.
For Moreblessing Maturure, Fallen offers a rare opportunity to work in a "colour-blind" environment.
"I'm originally from Zimbabwe, so for me to play in an Australian period piece is really exciting," Maturure says. "My character is Julia, a young girl who has been living on the streets ever since she lost her father – she literally lost him in the crowd on [Queen Victoria's] Coronation Day and never saw him again, and so she found herself in this house. For her it's safer and she wants to learn how to be a 'better woman'."
Rebecca Montalti plays Isabella, one of the hard cases in the home. "She might see herself as the leader of the pack but I see her as someone who is scared and fragile and vulnerable," Montalti says. "She acts out of fear, like any bully."
Chantelle Jamieson plays Rosina, an upper class girl whose father has gone bankrupt. "We meet her dealing with the constraints that this institution is putting on her," Jamieson says. "Dickens set it up for positive reasons but there's no single way of being female that fits everybody. They are all struggling to fit the mould."
Where Seymour Centre, Chippendale
When April 6-22, Tuesday-Friday, 7.30pm, Saturday, 2pm & 7.30pm, $35-$44, seymourcentre.com
Stars Lucy Goleby, Megan Holloway, Chantelle Jamieson, Abbie-lee Lewis, Moreblessing Maturure, Rebecca Monalti, Eloise Winestock
Director Penny Harpham


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A volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range 80°C to 180°C, used as a solvent. Naphtha is obtained by distilling coal tar (yielding aromatic products) or shale oil, or from the refining and cracking of petroleum. Several types of products are now called naphtha, including coal-tar naphtha and petroleum naphtha. Petroleum naphtha contains aliphatic compounds and boils at higher temperatures than petrol and at lower temperatures than kerosene.
In the 1st century AD, "naphtha" was mentioned by Pliny the Elder. Alchemists used the word for various liquids of low boiling point.
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Using a Color Picker or Eye Dropper in PowerPoint 2011 for Mac
PowerPoint 2013 comes with a nice Eye Dropper feature that let you pick any color from the design and get the RGB values. This way you can create slide designs based in the corporate identity or using the colors you want.
There is an application called DigitalColor Meter that you can use to grab any color from object on screen. Using DigitalColor Meter you can pick a color and then assign the same RGB values to a PowerPoint presentation background or shape.
Using Digital Color Meter you can easily grab any color from the screen and get the RGB values. There are some other alternative tools that you can install in your MacBook Pro or Mac computer, however Digital Color Meter comes with OSX Maverick ready for you to use.
Then go to PowerPoint and let's say you want to change the background color to match the grabbed color. You can go to Slide Master and change Background properties using Format Background dialog box. Then choose Solid color (or Gradient) and then click Color button. Now click More Colors and then enter the Red, Green and Blue (RGB) values that you picked with the tool.
In this example you can see we created a themed version of our _URL_ website as a PowerPoint background.


ML Sillah was the former head of Amnesty International Gambia
Gambian Ethnologist has advised parents to inculcate the spirit of association among their children in the Diaspora. Ebrima Kamara, who is based in Stockholm, Sweden, is the guest of The Talking Point on Kairo Radio today.
The program coordinator, Mohamed Lamin Sillah, talked to Kamara on a wide range of issues.
Mr. Kamara said despite their busy and sometimes complicated work schedules, parents need to spare time for their children. He said children should be helped to understand why they need to belong to associations, develop social skills and understand their complex world.
Kamara wanted parents to take their children to the park, help them with their homework as well as tell them stories instead of leaving them confined in institutions they (parents) have not got clear understanding of.
Gambian ethnologist believed in the power of association which breeds empowerment and strength. He said the importance of associations cannot be underestimated but that successful associations require efforts, understanding and patience.
Kamara said differences in values is mostly responsible for the failure of our associations. This means inculcating values in children so they see the need to associate and give back to the country of their parents.
Mr. Kamara said the key to success lies in rallying around a national objective to succeed. He wanted Gambians to bury their differences, coexist and live in harmony.
Mr ML Sillah also spoke to Suntou Touray, Kairo News Political Editor on the infamous comment uttered by a Gambian opposition politician. Instead of launching arsenal on the Gambia's common enemy – the man who is bent on destroying everything Gambian, including tribal cohesion – Henry Gomez badmouthed Mandinka ethnic group. Gomez, the leader of the Gambia Party for Democratic and Progress, said on a Freedom Radio show that 'Sosseh du sossal ken' meaning "Mandinkas are greedy people."
The duo also discussed issues on mass protest and how such occasions can arise and properly managed without incurring loss of life.
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Wheelchair racing is one of the most exciting disciplines in the Paralympics. And it's not just a wheel-based equivalent of Olympic racing: John D. Barrow, mathematician, cosmologist and prolific popular science writer, has spotted an important difference:
The Brazilian athlete Wendel Silva Soares in a 400m wheelchair race. Image: Marcello Casal.
The first international sports events for disabled athletes held in conjunction with an Olympic Games were in Rome in the summer of 1960. The term Paralympics was only coined four years later at the Tokyo Olympics. At first, wheelchair athletes used conventional heavy wheelchairs (7-18kg) and only contested events up to 200 metres. The first wheelchair-borne marathon competitor competed in the 1975 Boston Marathon. New races were organised and gradually purpose-built racing chairs appeared. By the 1980s they had become lightweight (4-10kg) and technically sophisticated. The first mile completed in under four minutes by a wheelchair athlete came in 1985 and the roster of Olympic events was considerably extended for both men and women. Intense competition has driven down records in the commonest events on the track and in the marathon, which now features in most top-flight big city races, like London and Boston.
It is very interesting to look at the trends in world record performances for able-bodied and para-athletes. They are both very well defined but quite different. Able-bodied athletes are faster up to about 400 metres but after that their average speed quickly falls behind the wheelchair performances.
The two tables below show the world record times for the Olympic running and wheelchair events, for both men and women, together with the average speed of the athlete in each case – this is just the distance covered divided by the time recorded. If you like to think of speeds in miles per hour rather than metres per second, then 10m/s corresponds to 22.4mph, so Haile Gebrsellasie cruises around the marathon course at about 12.7mph.
|Men's event||Record time||Speed m/s||Women's event||Record time||Speed m/s|
|800m||1m 40.91s||7.93||800m||1m 53.28s||7.06|
|1500m||3m 26.00s||7.28||1500m||3m 50.46s||6.51|
|5000m||12m 37.53s||6.60||5000m||14m 11.15s||5.87|
|10000m||26m 17.53s||6.34||10000m||29m 31.78s||5.64|
|Marathon||2hr 03m 02s||5.72||Marathon||2hr 15m 25s||5.19|
|Men's wheelchair |
|Record time||Speed m/s||Women's wheelchair |
|Record time||Speed m/s|
|800m||1m 31.12s||8.77||800m||1m 45.19s||7.61|
|1500m||2m 54.51s||8.56||1500m||3m 21.22s||7.45|
|5000m||9m 53.05s||8.43||5000m||11m 16.96s||7.39|
|10000m||19m 50.64s||8.40||10000m||24m 21.64s||6.84|
|Marathon||1hr 20m 14s||8.77||Marathon||1hr 38m 29s||7.14|
You would expect to find that the average speed of each record run falls as the distance of the event gets longer. For able-bodied running records the trend is remarkably well defined. In the graph below you can see the systematic trends for the men's and the women's events. The average speed,, in m/sec varies as a power of the distance,, in metres. In other words, is approximately equal to for some constants and Such a relationship is called a power law. The constant is not that important here as it is just a scaling factor. The interesting quantity is the exponent For men this is and for women it is So is proportional to for men and to for women.
Left: average speed versus distance for men. Right: average speed versus distance for women. The relationship between average speed and distance follows a power law.
The corresponding results for the average speed trends in the wheelchair events are strikingly different. If we don't pay too much attention to the 100m and 200m events because of the strong effect that getting started and building up speed has on the total time, we can see already from the table of average speeds that there is hardly any fall off of average speed with distance. The athlete's technique reaches the fastest turnover rate quite quickly and can maintain it over very long distances. This is reflected in the exponents in the power law being close to zero, so nearly remains constant as the distance varies. The exponent is for men and to for women.
For the wheelchair events the exponents in the power law are close to zero.
We can also see from the tables that the average speed achieved during the marathon record is higher than in the shorter distances like the 10000m, and even the 5000m. There are several reasons that contribute to this anomaly. The shorter distance records are set on the track and require the negotiation of two bends on each 400m circuit of the track. Able-bodied runners are not much affected by this but it more problematic for wheelchairs and also harder for them to overtake. This slows the wheelchair on the bends compared with the two straights. The marathon is raced over flat road courses with a minimum of twists and turns and is much better for wheelchair racing although in practice the courses are optimised for the able-bodied runners. Also, wheelchair marathons are more competitive and frequent than 10000m track races and the records are under far more pressure with larger fields of competitive entrants. The tactical nature of 10000m track races also often leads to slower times than in road races.
The unusually small variation of speed with distance also allows wheelchair athletes to be competitive over a far greater range of distances than able-bodied athletes. David Weir has won the London marathon wheelchair race on four occasions but also has Olympic medals for the 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m, 1500m and 5000m wheelchair events. No able-bodied athlete could ever hope to succeed in more than three of those events. Our average speed analysis shows why it is a possibility for para-athletes.
The fact that wheelchair racers have very similar speeds over the whole range of competitive distances from the sprints to the marathon opens up an exciting possibility for wheelchair athletics. We saw recently that some athletics promoters were very keen on the idea of Usain Bolt racing the new 800m world record holder David Rudisha over the intermediate distance of 400m. In fact, this would not be as interesting as it sounds because Bolt would win very easily, although if the distance was increased to 500m it could get interesting.
Such match ups don't work well for able-bodied athletes because of the significant differences in speed from one event to the ones on either side of it in distance. However, in wheelchair racing it would be possible to have a super championship featuring the champions and record holders from all the competitive distances over one (or two) intermediate distances.
A version of this article has appeared in Barrow's book 100 Essential Things You Didn't Know You Didn't Know About Sport.
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2-2-3 Custody and Visitation Schedule Examples
In the 2-2-3 residential schedule, your child lives with one parent for 2 days of the week, the next 2 days with the other parent, and then 3 days with the first parent. The next week it switches.
This is how the 2-2-3 schedule looks in the calendar.
If you modify your schedule and have it start on a different day of the week you may have a 2-3-2 schedule or a 3-2-2 schedule. These are variations on the same two week repeating schedule.
Custody X Change is software that creates custody schedules and professional parenting plan documents.
The 2-2-3 schedule is pretty structured, but you can customize it so it fits your situation. Here are some sample 2-2-3 schedules.
You can pick any day to start the schedule. Here is a 2-2-3 schedules that starts on a Thursday (this could also be a 3-2-2 schedule that starts on Monday).
You can change the exchange times. This 2-2-3 schedule has exchange times at 9:00 am except on the weekend when the exchange time is moved to 10:00 am. This schedule also starts on Saturday (or it could be a 2-3-2 schedule that starts on Monday).
You can show when your child isn't with either parent by marking 3rd party time. Here is a 2-2-3 schedule with school time shown.
You can use a visitation timeshare calculator to know the percentage of time that each parent has with the child. This can help you give each parent equal time with the child as you customize your 2-2-3 schedule.
- Children are able to spend time with both parents each week.
- Children don't go very long before seeing either parent.
- The schedule is structured and can be easily implemented.
- The schedule can work with unusual employment schedules.
- Both parents have the same amount of time with the and this can reduce conflict.
- This schedule can work for younger children who aren't in school.
- This is a shared parenting schedule and both parents are able to perform daily caretaking.
- There are frequent exchanges which take time and planning.
- Children may not do well changing homes so frequently.
- The schedule doesn't repeat for two weeks so there is a lot to keep track of.
- Parents must take extra effort to keep each other informed about the child's school work and other activities.
- Parents must live close to each other and close to the child's school.
- Parents must be able to communicate well with each other and commit to making the schedule work.


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The addresses are in once column, and the only seperator between addresses is an empty row. I have 5000 addresses and each has approx 4 - 6 fields seperated by rows. The data is pre-formatted from another system.
Anyone know if this can be seperated out into columns per address? I was thinking a macro may do it, but I think the problem is too complex for text-to-columns or any other basic formula.
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You might be able to use RealCool Import Manager to do this. It lets you identify recurring fields in a text file (see this screenshot) as fields, then parse the file to extract them into separate Excel columns.
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Michelle Obama Picture in Google Image Results Creates Controversy
Search for Michelle Obama's name via Google's image search and you'll likely find an image that has been characterized as a racist caricature of the first lady of the US in the top results.
The image is offensive to many and while some are demanding it be removed, Google is holding firm and yet still apologizing. The Washington Post has uncovered a formal apology from Google in the form of an ad displayed above the offensive image that directs visitors to a page explaining how Google's search results algorithm works.
In short, while Google apologizes for upsetting searchers, it's standing by the algorithm. The full text of the statement reads:
The Google Team
michelle obama google image search
As the statement implies, Google will pull a photo should the site hosting it serve malware, which was apparently the case with the image in question at one point, as it was temporarily removed from search results. In any event, it is now back in the top spot.
Despite the inappropriateness of the image, we understand why Google would stand by their algorithm rather than play the role of censor. But do you? Let us know where you side on the heated image controversy in the comments.
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Archeologists, during an ongoing excavation, have unearthed two ancient theater masks belonging to Roman period in southeastern Turkish province of Mardin.
An archaeological team conducted by the Museum of Mardin in Ilisu Dam excavated the masks revealed to be made of bronze and iron.
The experts suggest that the masks belong to a travelling theater group, which came to Mardin at the time of Roman Empire about 2300 years ago.
"It is revealed that this historical artifact from Roman Empire have been brought to Mardin by the travelling theaters as there has been no theater here at that time. This travelling theater is presumed to come from west to east," said Mardin Culture and Tourism Director Davut Beliktay.
Many other relics have been uncovered during the excavation, though they are less important than the masks as rare ancient treasure in Turkey, Beliktay added.
The newly found artifacts have an historical importance to Mardin, as they confirm the city's rich history, said the Director of Mardin Museum, Nihat Erdogan.
The masks were immediately taken for restoration in a laboratory in the Museum of Mardin. When the restoration comes to end, they are programmed to be protected at the museum.


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Machine Learning with Python classroom training programe, pimple saudagar
Ethans training institute, Pune introduce you world class Machine Learning training in Pune (Pimple saudagar and Kharadi area). Our ML Training includes Python Programming, Machine Learning with Python, Deep Learning, Neural Network, Computer Vision and Tensor Flow Training
- Python & Machine Learning Training at Ethans Tech is provided by Jatin, Mitesh, Abhinandan, Nikhil, Kalpesh and Ayush Sir at two different locations in Pune, i.e. Pimple Saudagar and Kharadi. All three trainers are working professional having average 10+ years of exp in IT. They have an average 4.5/5 star feedback by the students.
- Our Python and ML program consist, Python Foundation, DB Interface, Regular Ex, API Development, Webscrapping, Machine Learning Algos, Deep Learning, NN, Computer Vision and Tensorflow in details. For Details Syllabus visit our Syllabus tab.
- This program expected to take 16-18 weekends with total 32 classes, each class is having three hours training. It can take lesser time if the number of hours per day is increased.
- Duration of the program is 100 hours, consist of weekdays and weekends classes.
- No prerequisites required to learn ML (This course is very useful for students).
- 45 hours lab sessions + 6 mini projects are included in the program
- Objective of this program is to provide 100% practical, interview and certification oriented training. It is expected that students will easily crack Python amd ML interview and have advance knowledge of ML algos.
- Lab: Execises on Python, Multiple Algorithims in ML, DL and NN using Python and Tensor Flow
After the classes:
- Students are confident in Python and ML, able to do projects individually.
- Students will have a good understanding of Python and Machine Learning, help them to crack interviews
- Deep Learning Concepts are clear and ready to work individually
Who gets this training?
- Robotics Engineer
- Data Scientist
- Business Analysts
- Hadoop Developers
- Python for Data Science
- College Graduates
Address: ETHANS TECH 1st Floor, Solitaire Residency Gate, Above Honda Showroom Rahatani Rd Ahead Of Konkane Chowk, Prassana Colony, Pimple Saudagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411027, India


Free shipping over $75
Crassula socialis - Vivid Root
Crassula socialis - Vivid Root
Crassula socialis - Vivid Root
Crassula socialis - Vivid Root
Crassula socialis
Crassula socialis is a South African native like a number of other succulents. However, it can only be found on the cliffs of the eastern shore where it grows in rock crevices, which are usually south or southeast facing. It's cup-shaped white flowers are dainty and bloom in late fall. Because its natural habitat is both limited and difficult to access, this clustered succulent is considered rare.
Luckily, that doesn't mean you need a southeast facing cliff in your backyard to grow them! As long as they are not at risk of being smothered by another plant, these Crassulas will grow beautifully alongside your other succulents.
These young plants come in 2" pots and are ready to spread in your garden.
Your plant will be similar to the one in the photos.
Fully rooted
2" pot
Ships in a plastic pot with soil.
Not as picky about soil, store bought succulent mix is good, especially if you add some sand or perlite/pumice to make it drain a little better
Mostly shade, morning sun only
Let dry between watering, water deeply


7 Stress-Busting Tips for Parents of Children With Friedreich's Ataxia
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by Wendy Henderson |
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Caring for a child with a chronic illness such as Friedreich's ataxia can be very stressful and can take its toll emotionally. The Friedreich's Ataxia Parents' Group suggests ways parents can better cope with stress, taking some of the pressure off themselves.
1. Have some "me" time
Taking some time out from looking after your child even if it's just for a few hours can help immensely. Use this time to pamper yourself or do something you enjoy. If you can have someone babysit, take a day trip somewhere or an overnight stay. Even just a few hours spent shopping or relaxing in a warm bath with some soothing candles can help you de-stress and feel ready to face the world again.
2. Take comfort in meditation or faith
Some people find strength in their faith and through prayer, while others find that meditating or mindfulness helps them through the tough times.
Join the Friedreich's Ataxia News forums: an online community for people with FA and their caregivers.
3. Enlist support
Talking about our problems helps humans cope. Talking to close friends and relatives can help, but also joining a support group where you can connect with others going through the same experience will allow to you share best practices and advice as well as receive emotional support. Knowing that you are not alone in your journey can help immensely.
Lean on friends and family to help with chores around the house and yard, leaving you with more time and fewer things to worry about.
MORE: Patient stories: Life at college with Friedreich's ataxia
4. Educate yourself
Take the time to find out as much about Friedreich's ataxia as you can. The more you know, the more proactive you can be in your child's treatment, which will make you feel like you have some control. Find out about clinical trials for new medications or treatments that may help your child.
5. Let it all out
It's OK to get upset, angry and frustrated. Go somewhere quiet and allow yourself the time to cry and release the pent-up feelings.
6. Remember that not everything your child goes through will be related to FA
Children and teens have other issues. If they're feeling sad or down, it may not be because they have FA. It could be because of something unrelated but perfectly normal for their age. Also, sometimes illnesses or viruses can temporarily make FA symptoms worse.
7. Look after yourself
Try to keep yourself physically and mentally well, seek medical advice if you feel emotionally overwhelmed so that you can be treated accordingly. Try to eat a healthy balanced diet, get some regular exercise and quality sleep so that you don't become ill.
MORE: Ronde Barber and Kyle Bryant talk about Friedreich's ataxia


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Information regarding the causes of the russian revolution learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. What were the causes of the russian revolution this essay what were the causes of the russian revolution and other 63,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are available now on reviewessayscom. Causes of the russian revolutionthe russian revolution was caused by the continual breakdown of the governments in russia and the incompetency and authoritarian views of it's czars their failures as leaders included policies that. Read causes of russian revolution free essay and over 88,000 other research documents causes of russian revolution causes of the russian revolution the russian revolution was caused by the continual breakdown of the governments in russia. A collection of russian revolution essay questions, for teachers and students these questions have been written and compiled by alpha history authors. Quick answer the causes of the 1917 russian revolution were the long-term effects of poverty, industrial revolution, ineffective rule and growing political unrest as a result, world war i became the catalyst that sparked the revolt. Essay question: to what extent was the russian revolution caused by individuals use evidence and historians' views to support your answer.
What was the main cause of the russian revolution "the russian revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in russia in 1917, which destroyed the tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the soviet union. Essay writing guide what were the causes of the 1905 russian revolution his russification policy forced russian culture on the 50 million non-russians in. The effects of world war i gave rise to the russian revolution essay questions memory russia's disastrous 1914 campaigns saw nicholas take personal. Causes of russian revolution essays: over 180,000 causes of russian revolution essays, causes of russian revolution term papers, causes of russian revolution research paper, book reports 184 990 essays, term and research papers available for unlimited access. The main causes of the russian revolution of 1917 were the poverty of the peasant class, the rise of the urban industrial class, the antiquated and oppressed military, a growing intellectual movement, and the inefficiency and autocracy of the tsarist regime.
الوسوم: causes of the russian revolution هذا الموضوع يحتوي على 0 ردود و مشارك واحد وتمّ تحديثه آخر مرة بواسطة ridgepl قبل 6 أيام، 22 ساعة. The russian revolution was brought on by the climate of dissent that began years and years ago and built up stronger and stronger with each passing day the main causes of the revolution stemmed from: the social structure of russian society, the weaknesses and injustices of the tsarist regime, the february revolution, and the final blow of. Read this history other essay and over 88,000 other research documents what were the causes of the russian revolution before the war before the war, there were lots of problems which led up to the revolution and we call. Causes of the russian revolution - causes of the russian revolution consider the following causes of the october 1917 russian revolution: poor living and working conditions effects of the first world war the appeal of lenin and the bolsheviks the limitations of the 1917 provisional government was any one of these causes more.
Essay on the cause of the russian revolution the cause of the russian revolution i think that there would have still have been a revolution without the war, it would have just taken a lot longer the war was like a catalyst for the revolution. I am writing a essay in class tomorrow on the russian revolution in november 1917 i need 1) 3 causes of the revolution 2) 1 immediate effect 3) 1 long term effect anything would be helpful thanks a ton i understand that it looks like that im asking you to do my homework for me, but im desperate. Before 1905, russia was a country that was led by a czar who held full power and control over the country and its inhabitants the people of the country.
Thesis: the first revolution in russia, in 1917, was largely the consequence of uprisings amongst the russians in petrograd in demand for the symbolic "peace, bread, and land", and the failing grasp of the czar to quell these movements or afford amends to. History other essays: what were the causes of the russian revolution. Causes of the russian revolution this research paper causes of the russian revolution and other 63,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are available now on reviewessayscom.
Compare and contrast the causes of the chinese and russian revolution learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. 5 causes of the russian revolution there were several causes for the outbreak of the russian revolution research papers, essays. Read causes of russian revolution free essay and over 88,000 other research documents causes of russian revolution causes of the russian revolution the russian revolution was caused by the continual. A brief account of the russian revolution of 1917 the causes happened never before revolution of russia in human my over-due history essay, but too.


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|Introduction to Genealogy|
Divorce records Divorces before the twentieth century were uncommon and in some places illegal.Divorce records contain information on family members, their marital history (including marriage date and place), their property, residences, and dates of other important events such as the children's births. Divorce records are primary source records for the information on property, living children, age of husband and wife and date of divorce and secondary source records for information on the marriage, birth dates of children, etc. Divorces are administered in the court systems, so the process of obtaining a divorce and the location of the ensuing records will vary by country.
What information will a divorce decree provide? This will vary widely by location and time period. In general, vital records forms usually allow space for the following information but are not consistently filled in by the users.
Divorce records usually contain:
names of husband and wife
date of marriage
date of divorce
and may contain:
ages and/or birth dates of husband and wife
current residence for husband and wife
property of the husband and wife
names and birth dates of children
reasons for divorce
are usually not considered as valuable of a resource by governments so you will
not often find them indexed and may have to do some real digging to locate a
record. They are, however, still quite a valuable record to add to your family
Next page > Obtaining Vital Records
- Divorce Records – Finding Divorce Records Online
- Ohio Vital Records - How to Obtain Records of Birth Death Marriageand Divor...
- Nevada Vital Records - How to Obtain Records of Birth Death Marriage and Di...
- Northern Mariana Islands Vital Records - How to Obtain Records of Birth Dea...
- Puerto Rico Vital Records - How to Obtain Records of Birth Death Marriagean...


What makes a sticky jingle?
January 8, 2019
Repetunitis, Melodymania, Song Stuck Syndrome, the Jukebox Virus…there are many names for the phenomenon, but the experience is practically universal: a piece of music repeats again, and again, and again…but only in your mind.
Repetunitis can strike anyone, anywhere, at any time!
Once, in 1986, I unwittingly listened to a jingle for the store Easy Pickins, never suspecting that it's "yeah-yeah-yeah" hook would live on in my mind FOREVER. Now, not a day goes by without a nod from this familiar stranger. What is going on up there??
Jingles are radio or tv advertising slogans set to a (hopefully) memorable melody. Jingles are written explicitly about a product. As long as the slogan is instantly catchy – and hard to forget there's almost no limit to what advertisers can say in a jingle.
In the early 1930s radio was enjoying a golden age, but there were strict advertising rules. Direct advertising during prime-time hours was prohibited, so advertisers started using a clever loophole — the jingle. Jingles could mention a company or product's name without explicitly selling that product.
A good jingle can do wonders for business — it can save a dying brand, introduce a new item to a broader audience and rejuvenate a product that has slipped from popularity. [Source: Faulkner]
So how does one go about inducing *ahem* Jingle Melodymania?
Experts agree, a song that typically "sticks" in the mind has a simple, upbeat melody, catchy, repetitive lyrics; and a surprise such as an extra beat or unusual rhythm. Top jingle-makers are song stylists adept at weaving together these crucial elements. For example, this simple, catchy tune for Wish Me caused the creative team at Hutton Miller to experience Song Stuck Syndrome weeks after the project's completion.
While this may explain the art of creating a sticky jingle, there is science involved as well. Psychologists and neurologists who study the effects of music on the brain have found that some pop songs contain earworms: pleasantly melodic, easy-to-remember "hooks" that have the attributes of a typical jingle. Earworms, also known by their German name*, "ohrwurm," are those tiny, 15- to 30-second pieces of music that you can't get out of your head no matter how hard you try.
Earworms!! Seriously? Yes: undetectable, undeniable, unforgettable little worms go into your ears and cause, wait for it: Brain Itch. I know. You are wondering to yourself, "Can this concept possibly get any more DRTV-esque?" I think we've peaked, but read on…
"Earworms," while not parasites, are parasitic in the sense that they get lodged in your head and cause a sort of "brain itch" — a need for the brain to fill in the gaps in a song's rhythm. When we listen to a song, it triggers a part of the brain called the auditory cortex. Researchers at Dartmouth University found that when they played part of a familiar song to research subjects, the participants' auditory cortex automatically filled in the rest — in other words, their brains kept "singing" long after the song had ended [source: Prokhorov].
So there you have it. Jingles at their peak are actually ear worms that cause brain itch in consumers suffering from the Jukebox Virus. (Don't you love science?)
In the event that advertisers using insidiously perfect jingles ARE Evil Geniuses, the question then arises: Are said advertisers indifferent to the mania their jingles may be causing? Perhaps this is like asking a potato chip manufacturer if he is indifferent to the compulsive way people get hooked on his salty crisps… "Ummmmm, I mean, crunch*crunch*crunch, crunch*crunch, kind of??"
*The reader's use of the term "ohrwurm" should be restricted to brain/sound conferences or when speaking German to avoid being perceived as pretentious and/or borderline insane.
 Further Reading:
Top Ten Catchiest Commercial Jingles
How Commercial Jingles Work (Podcast)


Server-Side Ad Insertion
Server-side ad insertion (SSAI) places ad video segments inside the playlist (e.g., manifest file). Ad video segments are usually preferred to NOT go through Teltoo. This is to ensure that every ad hits the original ad server. This allows the ad service provider to monitor the ad accurately and collect data.
To keep ads from going through Teltoo, we need to identify which video segments are ads and which are not. Typically, the URL of the ad segments points to the ad origin CDN or server, which is different from the rest. We will configure Teltoo to ignore segments with such a URL pattern.
Video segments that match the Passthrough URL regex will not go through Teltoo. They will be fetched from the origin CDN or server.
The following is an example of how to define a Passthrough URL:*
This only applies to ads that are part of an activated playlist given that other playlist's video segments will never go through Teltoo in any case.
Want to know more?
Talk to an expert


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Using the Arduino platform, a lot of servos and an incredible variety of objects, Gabriella Levine has made a robotic water snake. Although this sounds rather far-fetched, it really works. The servos are controlled using her custom library to replicate the motion of a real snake, causing a degree of propulsion and steering. To protect against moisture the servos have been modified, and a variety of greases and sealants are used to keep it dry inside the tube. The snake is a work of art and really works well, for example:
If this type of project interests you and you're new to the Arduino world, check out our new Experimenter's Kit for Arduino:
The package includes a wide variety of parts, sensors and modules including: a servo motor, lights, buttons, switches, sound, sensors, breadboard, wires and more. Furthermore a Freetronics Eleven Arduino-compatible board is included to make this an extensive hobby experimenter, inventor and starter kit. However we don't leave you alone to figure it all out, included is a great project and instruction booklet, plus access to a supporting web page and software examples. In other words - this is everything you need to get started for a fun range of electronics and Arduino related projects!
So to get started or for more information and to order, check out the product page.


Document Type
Publication Date
Summer 2010
Publication Citation
17 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 289 (2010)
This Note explores the global problem of gender-based labor inequality as exemplified in China. China's historic and cultural framework, the efforts the Chinese government has made to coordinate with the global community on women's rights initiatives, and recent legislation passed at both national and local levels in China provide an interesting case study for countries facing gender inequality in the workplace. The items of legislation, though sometimes drafted using international treaties as a framework, contain unique provisions that provide protections for Chinese women that are not seen elsewhere in the world. Additionally, the Chinese government's current political goal of achieving a harmonious society signals potentially forthcoming advancements in workplace gender equality.


Department of Antiquities
The 'Scorpion King' Mace head
When was it made and why is it so large?
Egyptian Mace head, AN1896-1908.E3632
When was it made?
About 3100 BC, in the period immediately preceding the unification of Upper and Lower (southern and northern) Egypt under one king - traditionally identified as a powerful ruler from the south.
Why is it so large?
This macehead is about five times the size of a functional one. It's decorated with scenes carved in low relief, and was made for dedication in the temple of the falcon god at Hierakonpolis, possibly to celebrate a victory.


Changes between Version 7 and Version 8 of ExternalCore
Sep 14, 2007 2:45:26 AM (9 years ago)
 - ExternalCore
 v7 v8
 55Once the process is finished, this page will just describe the design.
 7== Format ==
 9The current plan is to use an "extended" version of interface files for External Core, which contains unfoldings for all functions, not just functions GHC has decided to unfold.
 11== Reading in External Core ==
 13The pipeline looks like:
 15file -> GHC parser -> {{{IfaceSyn}}} -> {{{tcRnExtCore}}} -> {{{ModGuts}}} -> (the rest of the compiler)
 17This is a change from the current External Core implementation, where {{{HsSyn}}} is used to represent types from External Core files and {{{IfaceSyn}}} is used for terms. In the new implementation, {{{IfaceSyn}}} is used for both.
 19== Goals and questions ==
 21 * Well-defined external format with stand-alone tools
 22 * External tools will have to be maintained in order to stay in sync with the interface file format
 23 * How external is "external"? There is a tension between re-using code from GHC, and having a truly independent file format that can be processed with completely stand-alone tools.
 24 * It's already possible to use the GHC API to generate Core (though not yet to read it back in), which might be enough for some users. On the other hand, the external format allows for writing tools to manipulate Core in languages other than Haskell.
 25 * External format should be readable by humans (though perhaps only after processing it with a pretty-printing tool)
 26 * Not too redundant (for example, only print out type information that is necessary to reconstruct types)
 27 * Don't export information that's internal to GHC (i.e., {{{IdInfo}}} fields), since external transformations probably won't preserve it anyway
 28 * Corollary -- include only just enough information for external tools to be useful
 29 * Does it still make sense to have a separate External Core datatype?
 30 * Primitives have to be documented properly in order to write an stand-alone Core interpreter (which would eventually be desirable.)
 31 * External toolset: typechecker, interpreter (operational semantics),...
 32 * We want to show that External Core is truly "independent", but on the other hand, maintaining these tools is a challenge.
 33 * How likely are major changes to Core in the future?
 34 * Should the external format look like -ddump-simpl output (as it does now), or should it be an easier-to-parse format like s-expressions (perhaps with a pretty-printer to help with debugging)?
 736== Relevant files ==


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Create speakable Safari bookmarks
Speech recognition is one of those features that has been present in the Mac OS for many years, and yet it's not widely used—for any number of reasons, including practicality in noisy office environments. However, it's actually a fairly powerful technology, as today's tip may help demonstrate. (If you're familiar with how speech recognition works on OS X, you can skip directly down to the hint below.)
Before you can use speech recognition on OS X, you must first enable it. Open System Preferences -> Speech, and click the On button next to Speakable Items on the Speech Recognition tab. A small round window will appear; that's the speech recognition controller. The Esc in the blue box indicates the key you'll press to activate recognition—by default, it's set to Escape, though you can change this in the Speech System Preferences panel. It's also set up to only listen while you have the Escape key held down.
Now that it's enabled, exactly what can you do with it? Quite a bit; click the small arrow at the bottom of the circle and choose Open Speech Commands Window from the drop-down menu. This window contains a list of commands that you can say to your Mac—things like get my mail or open my browser, for instance, can be found in the Speakable Items section of the Commands portion of the window. You can do quite a bit with the commands shown here; have fun!
When you're in certain applications, you'll also see an entry for that application in the Commands section. Launch Safari, for instance, and look at the Commands section of the Speech Commands window, and you'll see a Safari entry. Click the triangle, and you'll see Safari's speech commands library. One of those commands, Make This Page Speakable, is the key to making speakable bookmarks. The process is actually quite simple: load the page you want to turn into a speakable bookmark (note that it does not have to be a page that you've bookmarked in Safari). Then press and hold Escape (or whatever keys you've set to activate speech recognition) and say make this page speakable. If you do it right, you'll hear a "whit" as the system recognizes you've sent it a command, and you'll see the dialog pictured above right.
Enter a short, easily-pronounced name into the text box, then click OK. That's it; you've created a speakable bookmark! I created a short movie demonstrating how you can load sites by speaking the name you've assigned (while pressing Escape to activate speech recognition); it also shows how to create a new speakable bookmark:
As you can see, speakable bookmarks do work—as long as your environment is quiet enough to allow speech recognition. There's much more you can do with this feature, of course; enable it and you may find yourself talking to your computer more often.


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Cultural Expectations in Expressing Disagreement: Differences between Japan and the United States
Keywords: Expressing disagreement, silence, ambiguity, clarity, alleviating intercultural misunderstandings.
Kansai Gaidai University, Japan
Otemon Gakuin University, Japan
Junko Kobayashi is an associate professor at Kansai Gaidai University, Japan. She is the author of 8 English textbooks on intercultural communication.
Linda Viswat is a professor at Otemon Gakuin University where she teaches courses in intercultural communication. Her research has focused on learning strategies of Japanese university students and the development of a learning community.
The article identifies problems between Japanese students with intermediate English proficiency and native English speakers in the United States when expressing disagreement. The survey results indicate that common ways by which Japanese students express disagreement are likely to be either misinterpreted or viewed negatively by Americans. For English education aimed at promoting intercultural understanding, it is not sufficient just to introduce Japanese students to formulaic patterns for expressing disagreement. The article explores the kind of instruction that is necessary to alleviate intercultural misunderstandings caused by differences in how disagreement is expressed. While the subjects of the article are Japanese students, the recommendations are applicable to other Asian students as well.


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What is the Grade 3 department?
It is the academic department responsible for teaching third grade in the school.
How can I contact a Grade 3 department member?
A member of the department can be contacted by:
- Telephone extension with option to leave a voice mail message.
- Sending a message to their school email address.
- Sending postal mail by addressing their name at the school's address.
- Leaving a message with the main office receptionist.


Awesome Conferences
Label those datacenter cables!
He wrote:
My reply is after the bump...
Fundamentally you are asking "What is the purpose of a cable label?" If you can answer this question then the labeling scheme becomes self-evident.
I believe the purpose of cable labels is to accelerate tracing. That is, when you need to know "where the other end" having labels means you can read the label instead of physically tracing the cable. If a cable has the same tag on both ends, if you find one end, you can find the other end. The minimum solution is to start numbering cables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Label each end with the same number.
There are other things that COULD be the purpose of the cable labels. I'll list the 2 that come to mind. I think these are POTENTIAL purposes but that they solve problems that are solved better using other methods.
 1. What is the length, type, and so on. (i.e. Cat6 vs Cat5; 1m vs 6m vs 10m).
 2. What is connected to each end? (i.e. label each end with "router port 5 to host123")
I would argue that (1) is best done via cable color.
I would argue that (2) is an inventory nightmare: it creates more work than saves. It also solves a problem that doesn't exist. How often have you walked to a computer room to see what is connected to what? Generally you FIRST check the router "cam" table to see the ground truth. That answers your question 99% of the time. You only physically go to the computer room the remaining 1% of the time, and in this case you want to verify what you think you already know, which having a cable number on each end is all you need. In the 1% of the time that THAT is not successful, you end up tracing the cable or just trying a different cable.
On the other hand, this 1% of 1% can be solved by having each end labeled with "routerX port abc:23 connected to host123:eth1". However, maintaining such labels is a huge amount of labor for something that is extremely rare. Without such detailed labels you'd trace the cable (or more likely try a different cable to see if that solves the problem). With such detailed labels you create an inventory nightmare.
Early in my career I tried labeling cables with the name of the two ports on each end. Within a few months the cable labeled "host123" was re-used to connect host "host456" and rather than updating the label we just "lived with it". It was a mess. We eventually just started labeling each end with a unique number. Cables could be reused easily.
If you agree that the only purpose of a label is "to accelerate tracing" then it also means you do not need to keep a database of what each cable is for. You only need to store a single integer: What is the highest number used so far?
If you do choose to keep a database, it will be out of date within days. Even if you make it extremely easy to update, mistakes will happen. Then you'll be tempted to do a yearly database audit, which is a lot of work. Why would you create more work for yourself? Instead, a database that doesn't exist has no errors.
As a side note, this issue seems to be magnified because of the choice to have every machine connected all the way to a single central switch. That is a best practice from years ago that is no longer very popular. The current best practice is to have a switch in each rack (a "TOR" or "Top Of Rack" switch) and then have all the TORs connect to a main switch (the "core" switch). That way you have very short cable runs from the machines to the TORs; so short you might not even need to label them. The only long cable runs are from the TORs to the core switch. These are static and a simple integer-based labeling scheme is fine. I'm sure you have reasons for not going with a flat network instead, but this is one of the trade-offs to be considered.
P.S. There is more information about this in the Data Centers chapter of The Practice of System and Network Administration.
Posted by Tom Limoncelli in Technical Tips
In my first job, I had about a rack's worth of gear and unmanaged switches, so I always went with a form of option 2. On the host end, I'd use the port number. On the switch end, I'd use the host name. Using a Dymo handheld made it easy enough and the hardware rarely moved. At a larger scale, I can see how that would be terrible.
I'd never considered using meaningless-but-unique numbers to label cables, but that makes a lot of sense.
In a similar vein, it sure would be nice if vendors had a unique serial on each cable. Hexadecimal is surely dense enough that 8 characters (four billion combinations) would last a sufficient time.
Just sayin', it'd cost them nothing and be quite useful for lazy sysadmins.
Failing that, picking a random hex code internally and applying it to network cables would also work. I don't see the need to track the maximum number, just ensure that each one is unique.
I do maintain a shared spreadsheet of what is connected to what in my colos, and my standing rule is this: you do not leave the colo until the spreadsheet is updated. Ever.
So this keeps the db fresh. Move a network cable? Update the sheet. Move servers? Update the sheet. 2am emergency site visit requires rewiring? Update the sheet.
My one exception for cable labels is for pops that I won't often visit and would rely upon remote hands; in that case, labels are a boon.
You can definitely buy cables pre-labelled with any numbering scheme you'd like - we totally leverage that.
I cannot understate the importance of structured wiring in the data center. Scaling services to thousands of systems (and beyond) is difficult without it.
Finally, I want to chastise Tom for suggesting that using color to represent cable length is a good idea. (Sorry, Tom! :-) Cable length should be pre-printed by the vendor on the serial numbered label at each end of the cable. The thing we find color most useful for is identifying the cable wiring. Use some brightly colored standards for crossover and rolled cables, and then use other colors for specifying the purpose of straight-through cables. (Or stick to just three colors.)
The basic point here (that cables are a critical part of your infrastructure and should be actively managed) is spot on.
Color for length.. I mostly agree with you, David. What is on my mind is the Google data centers where colors are used for very specific lengths: There are (I think) 4 bundles of cables that patch machines into the TOR switch. Each is a different length so-as to waste less copper at the top by using shorter cables, etc. etc. Each is a different color. therefore color == length. (Of course the one picture of this that I can find actually shows a mixture of colors; not sure why that is)
The last time I had a job where I touched cables we had a simple color scheme that worked well: everything was grey except yellow cross-over cables and red cables for connections that were outside the firewall (red == danger). It was simple and worked. I think they grey might have been grey for cat5 and blue for cat6 but my memory is spotty.
As far as using structured wiring: absolutely!
Yeah, that latter case works well. You can also use the boot color (you do use booted cables, right?) to give the wiring type. I still don't like the length based scheme. It's not hard to simply stock the correct lengths (and have them pre-labelled) so you can always use the correct one. For places where you have standardized racks, you can even order the correct set of cables as a kit to wire up one rack of gear to a TOR. Easy to stock and easy to wire!
Anyone have cable labels they recommend? I've tried making my own with the p-touch and it just isn't so nice.
Also: Why top of rack switches? If you put the switch in the middle of the rack you increase the one or two inter-rack cable lengths but greatly reduce machine-to-switch cable lengths resulting overall in less cable used and a neater rack.
I feel safer with top of rack switches because they tend to evacuate the heat through, well, the top of the rack. It depends on the switch of course; we use dumb switchs for IPMI and those are towards the middle of the rack.
Regarding labels, we do use meaningless nubers for the network cables, but our power cables are labeled with the socket number. Servers can move frequently but power strips usually don't, so this scheme works quite well.
I hesitate to disagree with such a revered figure, but I think by obsessing over cable labels you are fudamentally missing the point of the problem that you are trying to solve.
Most of the time you shouldn't care at all about a cable. You almost always care about the two objects connected to the respective ends of the cable. And so to my mind if you are getting hung up on a cable, then your information-gathering systems are getting in the way of solving the problems you are trying to solve.
I elaborate more here:
Using cable color for length is a complete waste of a very valuable information. Color is something that is


Tuesday, May 26, 2009
HBase Schema Manager
As already mentioned in one of my previous posts, HBase at times makes it difficult to maintain or even create a new table structure. Imagine you have a running cluster and quite an elaborate table setup. Now you want to to create a backup cluster for load balancing and general tasks like reporting etc. How do you get all the values from one system into the other?
While you can use various examples that help you backing up the data and eventually restore it, how do you "clone" the table schemas?
Or imagine you have an existing system like the one we talked about above and you simply want to change a few things around. With an RDBMS you can save the required steps in a DDL statement and execute it on the server - or the backup server etc. But with HBase there is now DDL or even the possibility of executing pre-built scripts against a running cluster.
What I described in my previous post was a why to store the table schemas into an XML configuration file and run that against a cluster. The code handles adding new tables and more importantly the addition, removal and modification of column families for any named table.
I have put this all into a separate Java application that may be useful to you. You can get it from my GitHub repository. It is really simple to use, you create an XML based configuration file, for example:
Configuration for the FooBar HBase cluster.
Test table.
Sample column.
Then all you have to do is run the application like so:
java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar schema.xml
The "schema.xml" is the above XML configuration saved on your local machine. The output shows the steps performed:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar schema.xml
creating table test...
table created
You can also specify more options on the command line:
usage: HbaseManager [] []
-l,--list lists all tables but performs no further action.
-n,--nocreate do not create non-existent tables.
-v,--verbose print verbose output.
If you use the "verbose" option you get more details:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar -v schema.xml
schema filename: schema.xml
configuration used: null
using config number: default
table schemas read from config:
[name -> test
description -> Test table.
columns -> {sample=name -> sample
description -> Sample column.
maxVersions -> 1
compressionType -> NONE
inMemory -> false
blockCacheEnabled -> false
maxValueLength -> _PHONE_
timeToLive -> -1
bloomFilter -> false}]
hbase.master -> foo.bar.com:60000
authoritative -> true
name -> test
tableExists -> true
changing table test...
no changes detected!
Finally you can use the "list" option to check initial connectivity and the successful changes:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar -l schema.xml
tables found: 1
A few notes: First and most importantly, if you change a large table, i.e. one with thousands of regions, this process can take quite a long time. This is caused by the enableTable() call having to scan the complete.META. table to assign the regions to their respective region servers. There is possibly room for improvement in my little application to handle this better - suggestions welcome!
Also, I do not have Bloom Filter settings implemented, as this is still changing from 0.19 to 0.20. Once it has been finalized I will add support for it.
If you do not specify a configuration name then the first one is used. Having more than one configuration allows you to have multiple clusters defined in one schema file and by specifying the name you can execute only a specific one when you need to.
Monday, May 11, 2009
HBase MapReduce 101 - Part I
For now let's look at the other classes involved.
To Map or Reduce or Not Map or Reduce
Same or different Tables
Key Distribution
Until then, have a good day!
Sunday, May 3, 2009
European HBase Ambassador
I am on a mission! The mission is to spread the word on HBase. There are only a few choices when it comes to large scale data storage solutions. What I am referring to is not your vertical scale, big-iron relational database system. The time is now for a paradigm shift.
There are various key/value or more structured stores that strive to achieve the same - but getting proper information is often a big challenge. Either there is no proper examples, or use-cases for that matter. Even worse are performance details, the usual rap being "all depends!" - of course it does. Without real examples it is difficult to determine if a suitable system design wise is also holding up to the task at hand. How many servers are needed? How should the hardware stack be organized?
Here is where I feel I can help. I am using HBase for over a year now (started prototyping in late 2007), in production with three clusters spread over more than 50 servers. And I pretty much set them up from plugging in the hardware to the designing and running the cluster and the system on top of that. While this is in itself nothing special, I feel that I gained a lot of experience with HBase. I also feel that it could be very helpful to others that are thinking about HBase and how it may help them.
So I hereby declare myself to be a European HBase Ambassador. Mind you, this is no official title. The purpose is to help furthering the adoption of HBase in research and/or commercial projects. So what does this "position" entail? I offer this:
For the cost of travel (and if necessary accommodation) I will present any aspect of HBase in production to whoever is interested.
Yes, I will come to you if you ask, no matter where in Europe (or beyond). I will present on the internals of HBase, its API and so on to developers or higher concepts to architects. Or to management on a white paper level. You want to know about HBase and how it can help you? Let me know and I will show you.
Why me? Besides what I mentioned above I have over 13 years experience in software engineering and am responsible as the CTO at WorldLingo which for example is the sole provider for all machine translations in Microsoft Office for Windows and MacOS - given the text is longer than a few words because otherwise the internal word dictionaries are taking preference. I write and speak German (native) and English fluently. Last but not least I have regular contact with the core developers of HBase and am a contributor myself - as much as time allows.
So there you have it. This is my offer. I hope you see value in and take me up on it! I surely am looking forward to meeting you.


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PBS KidsZOOM Home Back to Activity
Balancing Balls on Air
Sent in by:
Kayla of Iowa City, IA
Hair dryer powers activate!
Stuff You'll Need
 - ping pong balls
 - hair dryer
 - other types of small balls
How to do it
 1. First, get permission from a grown-up to use a hair dryer.
 2. Turn your hair dryer on cool and point it towards the ceiling.
 3. Put the ping pong ball in the stream of moving air. Watch -- it just floats there.
 4. Tip the hair dryer to the right or left and the ball still stays in the stream of air.
 5. You're probably wondering why the air doesn't just blow away the ball. The air from the hair dryer is blowing right on the ball and pushing it up. But did you know that gravity from the earth is also pulling the ball down? That's why the ball isn't blown right up into space.
 6. Do you know what keeps the ball from blowing off to the side? It's the fast moving air coming from the blow dryer. The ball doesn't fall because the air from the hair dryer is going really fast around the sides of the ball. This fast moving air pushes on the sides of the ball and keeps it from falling.
 7. What happens when you try this with two ping pong balls at the same time? What happens if you use a different kind of ball? Try it at home.
not yet implemented


text:
- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 0
- Authors : Ajay Sehrawat, Neha Shankar Das, Praveen Mishra
- Paper ID : IJERTV7IS070118
- Volume & Issue : Volume 07, Issue 07 (July 2018)
- Published (First Online): 20-07-2018
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Application of Network Forensics in Identification of Network Traffic
Application of Network Forensics in Identification of Network Traffic
1Ajay Sehrawat, 2Neha Shankar Das and 3Praveen Mishra 1 Software Engineer (IT), Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 2M.Tech, GGSIPU,
3Additional Director, ERNET India,
Abstract – With the development of the latest technology interventions in the field of networking, cybercrimes are increasing at a gradual rate. It has led to increase in online crimes and attacks in which malicious packets are being sent to other hosts. Network Traffic Analysis comes under Network Forensics which is one of the classifications of Cyber Forensics that deals with capturing, recording, monitoring and analysis of network traffic. Keeping this in view, the paper describes the need of network forensics and its aspects. The paper proposes a model for network traffic analysis which is useful for detecting malicious packets received from intruders.
Keywords: Network Forensics, Network Monitoring and Network Traffic Analysis
Network attacks and cyber crimes are one of the most critical issues in todays era of ICT. These attacks are characterized by stealing authentic information by malicious hosts that continuously monitors websites Criminals make use of techniques like information hiding, network source trackback that can cause harm to security of system. As these crimes cannot be removed completely only by improving technologies but it must cover legal issues and such malicious intruders must be punished.
The use of Network Traffic Analysis can also be seen in security domain. It includes management and monitoring of packets from source IP address to destination IP port number. It takes amount of packets sent in consideration to check flow of consistency in network. Network forensics is defined in as capturing, monitoring and scrutiny of network events in order to determine the cause of security attacks and other problem incidents. It can be said that Network Forensics is a branch of digital forensics which is studied to examine the network traffic so that attacks and malicious activities can be discovered. There is difference between computer forensics and digital forensics. Computer forensics deals with copying of files, removal and recovery of deleted files, buffer content access and system log analysis while Network forensics reduces risk of unwanted hosts and monitors track of packets sent on network.
The remaining paper is categorized as follows. Section II describes related work and research on network forensics and traffic analysis. Section III describes some techniques used in network forensics. It is followed by proposed model for the network traffic analysis. Section IV shows analysis of packets sent through different port numbers followed by conclusion and references.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The given table presents the review of studies conducted in the context of network forensics.
Table1: Review of studies conducted in context of network forensics
Work on network forensics
Amran et al
This paper proposed a seven step model for the analysis of network flow of packets on Internet. The query is scanned in the model itself from corrupt query. It is then filtered using rephrases and techniques.
Ham et al
This paper describes various challenges associated in network forensics like acquisition (gathering information about packets), content (what is hidden in them), storage (how much space does the packets take) and their admissibility.
Simon et al
They proposed a two stage network forensics system. It captures large data packets and puts them on the server. Secondly, it analyzed each packet and saved its information for future uses.
Kim et al
This paper identified the problems encountered while monitoring large network of packets. Correlation analysis is needed to monitor packets which make process intelligent.
M. Huang et al
The paper describes the need to preserve all network information by addition of the information behavior coordinates and performing real time analysis. It also presents applications of data packets used in forensics.
Redmonet al
It introduced a network security technique named as Honeypot, which uses deception technique. It is a trap that monitors packets accessed by hackers in real time environment.
Pilli et al
They devised a generic framework for investigation of network forensics. Their model consists of 8 phases viz. preparation, detection, collection, preservation, examination, analysis, investigation and maintenance. Every phase is described precisely. Preparation phase deals with network sensors detection system that needs to be put on servers to stop unwanted attacks.
Detection phase will generate alert in case of violation. Collection phase deals with changing of data on the network. Preservation phase maintains a copy of original data for back up support. It is followed by Analysis and Investigation phase.
3.0 PROPOSED MODEL
A network traffic analysis model has been proposed that employs use of machine learning techniques in its phases. It has a number of phases as stated below:-
Collection of data
Data means packets (large number of random packets sent on various servers). Now, these packets are being collected by using server devices like Firewall, Hypervisors. These are placed between main server and receiver so that it gets noticeable in case of any data attack.
Categorization of data
The data collected in the above step is now classified into different packets on the basis of their size and content of information. It involves techniques like deep packet inspection and port based learning.
Classified data is now clustered in order to separate them on the basis of common feature values. Clusters are defined on
the basis of data mining algorithms like NaÃ¯ve Bayes, KNN Algorithm. It will determine them in statistical manner.
This phase will detect clusters that have been identified as harmful after going through clustering and classification phase. It will lead to creation of log files to ensure different clusters formed through machine learning. After the log file is created, it can be updated time to time.
This phase presents report of packets that have been analyzed on the basis of clusters. It requires usage of Capsa tool that is discussed in the next section. It classifies and analyses packets on different ports.
The report is made which contains information about clusters henceforth.
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION & SCENARIO
Fig1: Steps in proposed model
depicts identification and flow of packets via TCP layer. The
This section demonstrates classification of different network packets at different ports using real time network application Capsa Tool. ColasoftCapsa is a real-time portable network analysis application for both LAN and WLAN. It is one of the tools used for monitoring of network traffic by identifying malicious hosts and estimate performance level of data in particular layer.
Figure 2 and 3 depicts distribution of network packets on dfferent TCP ports and UDP ports. The malicious packets will be identified this tool and they are blocked automatically using senor device fitted in proposed model. There are various ports associated with identification of network like MAIL, TCP, UDP, POP3 and many more. The demonstration of packets via TCP and UDP is shown in figures. The traffic monitor window is shown in figure 4 that
values shown in graphs are in bytes which denote receiving bytes as y axis and sending bytes as x axis respectively.
The tool takes IP address or any website URL as input. It automatically detects malicious packets from address and starts its diagnosis. In Fig 4, flow of packets in TCP layer is diagnosed and network monitoring is done after 5 successful attempts. The tool gives a prompt message as it detects malicious packets. So, after 5 attempts, it lists IP and Mac addresses of valid packets by filtering malicious packets from it. In fig 2, it is seen that in last value 29450 packets have been sent but received bytes lies between 0- 2236 which is less as compared to traffic. It leads to downfall in traffic flow due to bad packets in network. The graphs are taken after 3 attempts so that unevenness can be seen due to bad packets.
Fig 2: TCP ports distribution (x axis sending bytes, y axisreceiving bytes) Similarly, packets distribution can be seen at UDP layer as shown in fig 3.
Fig3: UDP ports classification
Fig4: Network performance in TCP layer
This paper describes proposed model of network traffic analysis by considering various factors and studies conducted in the context of digital forensics. Network traffic is divided into various clusters and their analysis is done in real time network application to detect malware packets. This paper also makes readers aware about the various network intrusion detection techniques that form the basis of the theory. The model can be extended in cloud based environment using virtualization and ontological based features.
Amran, A. R., &Saad, A. (2014, January). An evidential network forensics analysis model with adversarial capability and layering. In Computer Applications and Information Systems (WCCAIS), 2014 World Congress on (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
Davidoff, S., & Ham, J. (2012). Network forensics: tracking hackers through cyberspace (Vol. 2014). Upper Saddle River: Prentice hall.
Garfinkel, S. (2002). Network forensics: Tapping the internet. IEEE Internet Computing, 6, 60-66.
Kim, J. S., Kim, M., & N


text:
Market structure and disempowering regulatory intermediaries: Insights from U.S. trade surveillance
Miles Kellerman, DPhil student, has published a new article presenting the 'Marketing Structure Hypothesis'.
Public agencies outsource a wide variety of tasks to nonstate actors, or what can be referred to as regulatory intermediaries. In certain circumstances, these agencies may seek to disempower those regulatory intermediaries by reclaiming, duplicating, or transferring the outsourced task. When will these disempowerment attempts be successful? This article presents the Market Structure Hypothesis, which contends that the level of competition between regulatory intermediaries will, all things equal, determine whether disempowerment attempts succeed. To test this hypothesis, this article examines the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's attempts to acquire the independent capacity to conduct nationwide trade surveillance in the 1980s (Market Oversight Surveillance System) and 2010s (Consolidated Audit Trail). Evidence derives from archival materials, a Freedom of Information Act Request, and 60 interviews in Oxford, London, Toronto, New York City, and Washington, DC. The empirical results corroborate the hypothesis' expectations, contributing to our understanding of public‐private partnerships and shedding new empirical light on an understudied topic of securities regulation.


Question: Which Type Of Missile Is Nag?
How does an anti tank missile work?
A rocket boosts the Kornet out of its sealed tube and follows the laser beam to the target.
The missile contains high explosives specially arranged within the warhead.
Just before the missile impacts a tank's armor, the "shaped charge" explodes and produces a jet of heat that burns through the tank's metal skin..
Can a T 72 destroy an Abrams?
How accurate are Hellfire missiles?
If two missiles are needed for each kill then each Hellfire is at most only 50% reliable, which is not how this system has been described to Congress. … If that CEP was properly formulated, it means that in 50% of the cases the Hellfire will strike within five meters of its target.
What is Sant missile?
SANT Missile. India successfully test-fired SANT (Stand-off Anti-tank) missile off the coast of Odisha. The missile is being developed by Imarat (DRDO's research centre) in collaboration with the IAF. The missile is reported to be the upgraded version of India's Helina (Helicopter Launched Nag) missile.
What is the name of the short range missile that a soldier can launch over the shoulder?
Bazooka, shoulder-type rocket launcher adopted by the U.S. Army in World War II.
What is the range of Nag missile?
It has a minimum range of 500 metres and maximum range of 4 km. As a third-generation 'fire and forget' category system, NAG uses an imaging infra-red seeker to lock on to the target before launch.
Can RPG 7 destroy an Abrams?
How much does a TOW missile cost?
BGM-71 TOWUnit cost$93,640 (2B Aero), $54,956 (Bunker Buster) FY2021 £8,500 (1984)SpecificationsLength1.16–1.17 m – probe folded 1.41–1.51 m – probe extended (some variants have no probe)Diameter152 mm17 more rows
What killed the most tanks in World War 2?
What was the most lethal tank of World War II? Originally Answered: What is the most lethal tank of World war II? In terms of killing power it would be the German Tiger Tank or the later King Tiger. Both had some reliability issues and the King was underpowered but equipped with the deadly 88mm (3 1/2″) gun.
What is Dhruvastra?
Dhruvastra is the helicopter version of 'Nag Helina' with several new features and meant to be fired from air to destroy enemy bunkers, armoured vehicles and main battle tanks.
How many Nag missile India have?
300 Nag missilesThe army is currently using second-generation Milan 2T and Konkur ATGMs and has been looking for about third-generation missiles, which are important for stopping advancing enemy tanks. The Defence Ministry in 2018 had cleared the acquisition of 300 Nag missiles and 25 NAMICAs for the Indian Army.
Can a missile destroy a tank?
Can a javelin shoot down aircraft?
The Javelin was developed and is being produced by the Javelin Joint Venture between Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. These missiles are shoulder-fired intended to take down tanks, armored vehicles and low flying aircraft.
Which of the following Organisation has developed Anti Tank Guided Missile named Dhruvastra?
Defence Research and Development OrganisationDeveloped by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the anti-tank guided missile meant to be launched from a helicopter was flight-tested from a static launcher positioned at Integrated Test Range (ITR) under simulated conditions on July 15 and 16.
Is Akash missile a failure?
Significantly, three squadrons of Akash Missiles of IAF (commissioned between 2013-2015) reported in February 2019 that that the missile system remained down or simply broken and sometimes even out of order during 90 per cent of the time since their commissioning. …
Who manufactures the Javelin missile?
Lockheed MartinWith its soft launch design, Javelin can be safely fired from inside buildings or bunkers. Javelin was developed and produced for the U.S. Army and Marine Corps by the Javelin Joint Venture between Lockheed Martin in Orlando, Florida and Raytheon in Tucson, Arizona.
How does a Javelin missile work?
A soft launch ejects the missile from the launch tube to give a low-recoil shoulder launch. The soft launch enables firing from inside buildings or covered positions. Once the missile is clear, the larger propellant in the second stage is ignited and the missile is propelled towards the target.
Which is the helicopter variant of Nag missile?
HeliNaHeliNa (7-10km): It is a helicopter-launched version of NAG with an extended range. The launch system is mounted on HAL "Rudra" helicopter using "Rudrastra" twin-launcher system and HAL Light Combat Helicopters. The launch system is used by both Indian Army and Air Force.
Can mortars destroy tanks?
Depends on the hit location and type of ammunition, but in general tanks are not meant to survive mortar hits. … Fragments from the explosion of a mortar round could also damage optics, antennas, radios and the main gun. Most likely a mortar crew wouldn't use a dumb HE round to engage a main battle tank.
Which of the following is anti tank missile?
Shikha Goyal. Anti-Tank Guided Missile: On 1 October 2020, Laser Guided Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) was successfully test-fired defeating a target located at a longer range. It is indigenously developed.
How good is Nag missile?
The Nag missile was successfully tested 12 times between 7 and 18 July 2019. It was tested under extreme weather conditions during day and night, in indirect attack mode as well as in top attack mode, and achieved a direct hit on each target.
Can a Hellfire missile destroy a tank?
Is an example of anti tank missile?
Examples are the Russian 9M133 Kornet, Israeli LAHAT and the NLOS version of Spike and the American Hellfire I missiles.
What is the name of the famous Anti Tank Guided Missile?
Javelin antitank guided missileAntitank guided missile, medium or long-range missile whose primary purpose is to destroy tanks and other armoured vehicles. U.S. soldiers firing an FGM-148 Javelin antitank guided missile during training in Grafenwöhr, Ger., 2006.
Can a bazooka destroy a tank?
What is the best anti tank missile?
Currently Top 10 man-portable anti-tank guided missiles in the the world are these:Nr.3 Spike LR2 (Israel) … Nr.4 Javelin (United States) … Nr.5 HJ-12 (China) … Nr.6 MAPATS (Israel) … Nr.7 Shershen (Belarus) … Nr.8 Kornet-M (Russia) … Nr.9 TOW 2 (United States) … Nr.10 MILAN ER (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom)More items…


text:
James Henderson Blount (September 12, 1837-March 8, 1903), an American statesman, was born near Clinton, Jones County, Georgia. He attended private schools there and in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1858. He studied law and was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1859. During the American Civil War he served in the Confederate States Army as a private in the Second Georgia Battalion, Floyd Rifles for two years, and was later lieutenant colonel for two years.
Blount served in the United States Congress representing the sixth district of Georgia from 1873 to 1893. He was Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations (_PHONE_). He was appointed by President of the United States Grover Cleveland to be the United States Department of State Minister to Hawai'i with the mission of investigating the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i and the administration of Queen Lili'uokalani. The report he issued is known as the Blount Report.
Blount died in Macon, Bibb County, Georgia, and is buried at the Rose Hill Cemetery in Macon, Georgia.