Why Does Rendering Take So Long Blender?
Does blender use CPU or GPU?
Blender has a user preference setting for utilizing CPU or GPU, it is totally up to you.
You can work with either CPU or GPU or both(If using blender 2.8).
If you want to render using blender engine, your CPU will work just fine(provided it is the latest version of i5 or higher)..
How long does it take to render an image?
It is up to you to decide when you think the render is clear enough for your purposes. Most renders will give their first image within 30 seconds, but it may take 3/4 hours to give a clear image. Large images (greater than 5 megapixels) may need to be left overnight to become clear.
How long does it take to render a 3d image?
Normally we turn around renderings in less than a week, 3-4 days is pretty typical, but sometimes we get a client that needs something in 24 hours.
Is 16gb RAM enough for 3d rendering?
What is the best render engine for Blender?
Price and Blender IntegrationRender EnginePriceIntegrationMaxwell$650Unofficial Add-onMitsubaFreeUnofficial Add-onOctane$460Separate Blender BuildV-Ray$350Separate Blender Build2 more rows•Aug 4, 2015
Do professionals use blender?
Why does rendering take so long?
Render times are CPU and project dependent. CPU: The faster your computer's CPU the faster your rendering will complete. In general, for shorter rendering times, a faster CPU is better. PROJECT: Larger, more complex projects will also have longer render times compared to shorter, simpler projects.
How do I speed up my blender render?
Speed Up Cycles Rendering with These 5 Easy Settings Tweaks1.Enable GPU Rendering in Blender's User Preferences.2.Decrease Light Bounces in the Render Tab.3.Decrease the Clamp Value Settings.4.Increase the Render Tile Size and Amount.5.Decrease the Sample Amount.Make Rendering in Blender Easy.
Is blender good for rendering?
Blender is amazing. … If you take the time to set everything up in Blender and you use the Cycles render engine, you should have no problem getting high quality animation and renders. Take a look as some of the movies that have been made with Blender, and also the high quality renders made using Blender on Artstation.
Will more RAM increase rendering speed?
Why is Final Cut rendering so slow?
Close other applications. Other applications running on your Mac can cause Final Cut Pro X to slow down. Even apps like Twitter and Google Chrome can have a big impact on your RAM and processing power. Close down everything you don't need to run to ensure FCPX can run at its best.
Why does Final Cut Pro keep rendering?
The render loop is usually cause by disabled clips, audio transitions and fades, and titles. Try close and reopen fcpx and toggle on and off all your disabled clips. If that doesn't work move on to audio transitions, then fades, then titles.
Why is Final Cut Pro so expensive?
Is 128gb RAM overkill?
How long do blender renders take?
Which render engine is best?
Without further ado, here are the 10 best architectural visualization renderers.1 | VRAY. There really is no other choice for the top spot.2 | MAXWELL. … 3 | BLENDER. … 4 | LUMION 3D. … 5 | VIZ RENDER. … 6 | OCTANE RENDER. … 7 | MODO. … 8 | AUTODESK REVIT. … More items…
Is 32gb RAM overkill?


Bernard Knight
Bernard Henry Knight, (born 3 May 1931) is a British forensic pathologist and writer. He became a Home Office pathologist in 1965 and was appointed Professor of Forensic Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, in 1980.
He has been writing since before 1963, when his first crime novel was published. Since then, he has written about thirty books, including contemporary crime fiction, historical novels about Wales, biography, non-fiction popular works on forensic medicine, twelve medico-legal textbooks and the humorous Crowner John Mysteries series of 12th-century historical mysteries.
In addition, he has written scripts for radio and television dramas and documentaries, including the forensic series The Expert starring Marius Goring, in the 1970s. He has contributed to many other textbooks and has edited several medical journals - he was Managing Editor of Elsevier's Forensic Science International, the leading international publication in the field.
He is a founder member of The Medieval Murderers, a select group of historical crime-writers within the Crime Writers' Association, who give presentations at literary festivals, libraries and bookshops, to promote their work amongst the public. He is also one of the non-fiction judges for the annual 'Dagger' Awards of the Crime Writers' Association and a regular reviewer of crime books for the Internet site Tangled Web.


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Next time you're helping a buddy move or about to run a marathon, here's a tip: Start dropping F-bombs BEFORE you do. According to a new study out of England, shouting swear words makes you physically STRONGER. The down side is the effect doesn't last long, but if you keep shouting and cursing like a sailor you might keep it up, but also will have people looking at you weird. The upside of letting "sh#* hit the fan" came about after a series of experiments with people who repeatedly either swore or used a neutral word as they pounded away on an exercise bike, or performed a simple hand-grip test.
When people cursed their way through the half-minute bike challenge, their peak power rose by 24 watts on average, according to the study. In the 10-second grip task, swearers boosted their strength by the equivalent of 2.1kg, researchers found. The researchers think it's because swearing makes your heart pound a little faster, like it would when you're in danger, and that gives you a quick power burst.
Read more about it HERE

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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While fossils can be found around Kimmeridge, they are often not very good for collecting as the rock in which they formed is very crumbly. The best specimens are found in the exposed ledges on the shore line. It is definitely not a good idea to look for fossils in the cliff or, as some people do, sit or sun bathe beneath them. These cliffs are very unstable and you only have to stop and listen for a short while to realize they are falling all the time. Occasionally large sections of cliff crash onto the beach without warning, so beware!
Coastal Features: Kimmeridge Ledges
The Kimmeridge Ledges are Limestone fingers of rock that formed from fine silts during periods when the Jurassic Sea here at the time was deep. The ledges are clearly seen in the cliff and show the fall of the cliffs to the east. The ledges reach from the cliffs down onto the shore and far out to sea and have been responsible for numerous ship wrecks along this stretch of the Jurassic Coastline.
Coastal Visitor Centre
Kimmeridge Marine Centre
Town/Village or Area:
Tourist Info Centres
in this Area: Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve, Rock Pools, Seaweed
The shallow, sunlight rich water and rocky sea floor of Kimmeridge Bay provides ideal conditions for seaweed to grow and over 100 different species have been recorded in the marine reserve.
Interest: Kimmeridge Coal Money, Smuggling around Kimmeridge, Blackstone Mining Industry, Cement Stone, The Kimmeridge Cobb, The Clavell Tower

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion jels (bijels) are new multiphase soft materials in which two interpenetrating regions of immiscible liquids are stabilized by a jammed monolayer of colloidal particles, sitting at the interface between the two liquids. Such materials were first predicted via (Lattice-Boltzmann) computer simulation and subsequently realized in the lab, with mixtures of water and lutidine (W/L) stabilized via silica colloids with near-equal affinity to both species. Bijels properties are predicted to be highly tunable in terms of the size and volume fraction of the solid particles and perhaps also their shape, say ellipsoids versus spheres, over a broad range of scales.
We plan to perform systematic studies of the morphological and mechanical properties of the bijel metastable structure, i.e. pore size and elasticity as a function of colloidal size and volume fraction. More specifically, we shall investigate the effects of the particle radius and volume fraction on the morphology, pore size distribution and resulting mechanical properties of the bijels for different types of motifs.
For many applications, say tissue engineering, it is imperative to access pore sizes above 100 µm, which appears problematic with standard bijels. This can be achieved by a variant of bijels, known as bridged bijels, in which one phase contains a network of colloidal-bridged droplets. This dual morphology results from combined spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth in a binary mixture containing neutrally wetting colloids with selective affinity for one liquid phase. Likewise bijels, the mechanical and morphological properties of bridged-bijels are highly sensitive to the physical-chemical properties and volume fractions of the colloidal particles.


just like in knitr documents.
#' '''{r}
#' # This block of code will be evaluated
#' summary(iris)
#' '''
Within a roxygen block, code blocks and inline code use the same evaluation environment, so variables created in one of them can be used in others.
Code blocks support knitr chunk options, e.g. to keep the output of several expressions together, you can specify results= "hold":
#' '''{r results = "hold"}
#' names(mtcars)
#' nrow(mtcars)
#' '''
Plots will create.png files in the man/figures directory. The file names are created from the chunk names:
#' '''{r iris-pairs-plot}
#' pairs(iris[1:4], main = "Anderson's Iris Data -- 3 species",
#' '''
Note that the generated.png files will be added to the package, and they can considerably increase the size of the package.
Note that code block support is currently experimental, and somewhat limited. Some of the known limitations:
Roxygen and Rd tags not parsed as markdown
Some of the roxygen tags are not parsed as markdown. Most of these are unlikely to contain text that needs markup, so this is not an important restriction. Tags without markdown support: _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_ _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_.
When mixing Rd and markdown notation, most Rd tags may contain markdown markup, the ones that can not are: \acronym, \code, \command, \CRANpkg, \deqn, \doi, \dontrun, \dontshow, \donttest, \email, \env, \eqn, \figure, \file, \if, \ifelse, \kbd, \link, \linkS4class, \method, \newcommand, \option, \out, \packageAuthor, \packageDescription, \packageDESCRIPTION, \packageIndices, \packageMaintainer, \packageTitle, \pkg, \PR, \preformatted, \renewcommand, \S3method, \S4method, \samp, \special, \testonly, \url, \var, \verb.
Possible problems
Mixing markdown and Rd markup
Note that turning on markdown does not turn off the standard Rd syntax. We suggest that you use the regular Rd tags in a markdown roxygen chunk only if necessary. The two parsers do occasionally interact, and the markdown parser can pick up and reformat Rd syntax, causing an error, or corrupted manuals.
Leading whitespace
Leading whitespace is interpreted by the commonmark parser, whereas it is ignored by the Rd parser (except in \preformatted{}). Make sure that you only include leading whitespace intentionally, for example for nested lists.
Spurious lists
The Commonmark parser does not require an empty line before lists, and this might lead to unintended lists if a line starts with a number followed by a dot, or with an asterisk followed by whitespace:
#' You can see more about this topic in the book cited below, on page
#' 42. Clearly, the numbered list that starts here is not intentional.
Rd formatting
Note that \ and % are special characters. To insert literals, escape with a backslash: \\, \%.
Character formatting
 - \emph{italics}
 - \strong{bold}
 - \pkg{package_name}
 - Ordered (numbered) lists:
 #' \enumerate{
 #' \item First item
 #' \item Second item
 #' }
 - Unordered (bulleted) lists
 #' \itemize{
 #' \item First item
 #' \item Second item
 #' }
 - Definition (named) lists
 #' \describe{
 #' \item{One}{First item}
 #' \item{Two}{Second item}
 #' }
Standard LaTeX (with no extensions):
 - \eqn{a + b}: inline equation
The following function turns an R data frame into the correct format, adding a row consisting of the (bolded) column names and prepending each row with #' for pasting directly into the documentation.
tabular <- function(df,...) {
 col_align <- purrr::map_chr(df, align)
 contents <- do.call("paste",
 c(cols, list(sep = " \\tab ", collapse = "\\cr\n#' ")))
 paste("#' \\tabular{", paste(col_align, collapse = ""), "}{\n#' ",
 paste0("\\strong{", names(df), "}", sep = "", collapse = " \\tab "), " \\cr\n#' ",
 contents, "\n#' }\n", sep = "")
#> #' \tabular{rrrrr}{
#> #' \strong{mpg} \tab \strong{cyl} \tab \strong{disp} \tab \strong{hp} \tab \strong{drat} \cr
#> #' 21.0 \tab 6 \tab 160 \tab 110 \tab 3.90\cr
#> #' 22.8 \tab 4 \tab 108 \tab 93 \tab 3.85\cr
#> #' 21.4 \tab 6 \tab 258 \tab 110 \tab 3.08\cr
#> #' 18.7 \tab 8 \tab 360 \tab 175 \tab 3.15
#> #' }


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Kiidk'yaas in 1984
Kiidk'yaas, also known as the Golden Spruce, was a Sitka Spruce tree, Picea sitchensis 'Aurea', that grew on the banks of the Yakoun River in Haida Gwaii archipelago, British Columbia. It had a rare genetic mutation causing its needles to be golden in colour.
On 22 January 1997, a 48-year-old unemployed forest engineer named Grant Hadwin surreptitiously felled the tree as a political statement against industrial logging companies. He was later arrested but disappeared on his way to trial.
According to John Vaillant's book The Golden Spruce, what is believed to be Hadwin's broken kayak and effects were found on a remote island some time after he went missing in a rough sea. Whether he had been murdered for his crime, accidentally drowned, or left his belongings behind on purpose is not known.
In 1977, a group of botanists from the University of British Columbia (UBC) visited Haida Gwaii to take cuttings.[1] These cuttings were grafted onto an ordinary sitka spruce, resulting in golden saplings. The trees were grown in the UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research.
Upon hearing of the tree's destruction, the arboretum offered one of the young trees to replace the fallen tree. The sapling died in storage before it could be replanted on Haida Gwaii.[2] In addition, attempts were made to propagate approximately 80 parts of the felled tree.
The only wood harvested from the tree was used by Nova Scotia luthier George Rizsanyi and broadcaster Jowi Taylor to make a guitar dedicated to Canadian history. Included in the guitar were pieces of wood from Pierre Trudeau's canoe paddle and Paul Henderson's hockey stick and fabric from one of Karen Kain's ballet costumes.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Bednarz, Sarah. "(Untitled)". Retrieved 2010-02-20.
 2. ^ Vaillant, John, The Golden Spruce, W.W. Norton & Co., 2005, p. 203
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 53°37′12″N 132°12′29″W / 53.62000°N 132.20806°W / 53.62000; -132.20806


From Wikipilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia
(Redirected from Jeepney)
Jump to: navigation, search
Philippine Jeepney
The jeepney is one of the most common modes of public transportation in the Philippines. Originally built from surplus US military jeeps used during the World War II, jeepneys have become a symbol of Filipino culture with their colorful outer design and efficient seating system. The term "jeepney" came from the combination of the words "jeep" and "knee", which pertains to the vehicle's seating arrangement. Passengers are often seated face to face with their knees almost touching one another's.
Filipino locals got hold of surplus jeeps when the Americans began leaving the country at the end of World War II. To increase the jeep's seating capacity, the new local owners stripped down their purchased vehicles. They also added metal roofs to shade their passengers and installed colorful ornaments on the external casing of the jeeps.
The use of jeepneys reestablished the public transportation that was destroyed during WWII. After recognizing the widespread use of jeepneys, the government started placing rules that placed restriction on their use as means of public transportation. Licenses, fixed routes, and standard prices were imposed by the new jeepney system.
Local jeepney manufacturers started making jeepneys that have bigger bodies and that run on diesel engines. This improved Philippine jeepneys by increasing their passenger capacity and lowering the drivers' fuel expenses. Soon enough, the army jeeps originally used as public vehicles were completely replaced by their locally-produced counterparts.
From Metro Manila, where using jeepneys as a public vehicle started, this newly-improved jeepney system started spreading to the provinces. Up to the present time, jeepneys are known to be among the commonest and cheapest modes of public transportation in the Philippines.
Modern-day Philippine jeepneys are now produced by local workshops and factories in the country. In the past, jeepney manufacturers were concentrated in Las Pinas City and Cavite. However, due to a noticeable decrease in sales, smaller manufacturers have gone bankrupt.
There are basically two types of jeepney manufacturers in the country: the backyard builders and the large volume manufacturers. Backyard builders, which are notably small businesses, are able to produce around five vehicles per month. Larger manufacturers, usually owned by bigger international corporations, have a bigger monthly production output.
A recent study compared the fuel consumption of a regular 16-passenger jeepney and a 54-passenger bus. The study found out that both use almost the same amount of fuel. Due to this, different restrictions have been imposed to limit jeepney production and route. The increase in the prices of raw materials used to produce these vehicles also contribute to the lower number of jeepneys being produced every month.
Cultural significance
With the colorful decorations installed on the exterior of the vehicles, jeepneys have turned into one of the most common expressions of Philippine folk art. Lights, mirror and reflectors, paintings and different installations render almost no two jeepneys the same.
In addition to the external decor, the interior of the vehicle is also decked with curtains and paintings. A wooden money box which holds the day's earnings, and a miniature statue of a saint are often found on the vehicle's dashboard.
Upon riding a jeepney, the passengers instantly enter a communal relationship, which is very apparent in the culture of passing the fare from passengers to the driver. [Can you explain/express this better? There was an article some time ago that made much of it being an "honor system."]
With the advancement of technology, traditional jeepneys are slowly being replaced by sleeker and more eco-friendly counterparts, especially in Metro Manila. In the provinces, however, the jeepneys with their paintings and decorations continue to showcase Filipino artistry.


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THE Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University's human movement science (HMS) department is spearheading a project aimed at promoting and encouraging an interest in physical education and active lifestyles for pupils at disadvantaged schools.
The department's PasSport to Health project, which was developed by lecturer Dr Cheryl Walter, is gaining momentum and is set to benefit both final-year HMS students as well as the schools the project adopts.
She said the project was initially developed to assist third-year students specialising in recreation and sports management to put their theoretical work into practice.
"What I have them do is write a proposal and obtain funding to assist a school. They then research the needs of that particular school in relation to promoting physical activity and finally they design an intervention to assist the school."
Three schools were adopted this year – St James High School in Schauderville, Nkululeko High School in KwaNobuhle and Woolhope High School in Malabar.
"For example, after researching the needs at Woolhope, we discovered that despite their huge open fields, the majority of pupils did not play any sport and most of them were not physically active, especially the girls," Walter said.
With R10000 raised from approaching various sponsors, the students bought a music centre, built an outdoor circuit and purchased various gym equipment.
"We will start a fitness club for the girls in the new year where they will do aerobics and taebo. Girls tend to enjoy the non-competitive activities more. We will also conduct workshops and get our biokinetics honours students to measure the pupils and compare their weight in relation to their height.
"Through this we will encourage the kids to be healthy and active again. Education is not complete without physical education."
Walter, a former pupil at Woolhope, said since the introduction of outcomes-based education, physical education had been phased out of disadvantaged schools and replaced with life orientation.
She said many disadvantaged schools did not prioritise physical education due to a lack of manpower and facilities.
"The World Health Organisation recommends that children should have at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. Obesity is increasing and so is the risk of chronic illnesses at a younger age. Children are too interested in computer games, television and cellphones these days," Walter said.
Woolhope's sports coordinator, Dhanasagren Moodley, said the school's athletics tournaments had dwindled as most children were bused in from the townships and could not stay after school for practice sessions.
He said sport was optional and the majority of pupils did not take part.
Deputy principal Richard Jaran said the school hoped this would be the first step towards reintroducing physical education at the school.
"We have produced real sports stars in the past such as rugby player Mzwandile Stick and Haroon Lorgat who was [chief executive] at the International Cricket Council."


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Datazilla is a system for managing and visualizing test data. It's designed to be able to manage different subsets of test data, such as performance data. This project includes database template schemas, a model layer, web service, and web based user interface.
At a top level, performance test data is submitted as a JSON data structure to the webservice via HTTP POST, an example data structure can be found here. It's stored in a dedicated database schema as an object. The objects in this schema are then translated into a relational database schema where individual fields in the JSON structure are indexed for queries. The indexed data is used for applying statistical analysis to identify performance regressions. Both the indexed data and un-processed objects are available through the web service.
New JSON objects and schema definitions can be added to support different types of data. It's also possible to utilize the fields already available in the JSON structure to represent different information.
All of the datasets contained in datazilla are described with three classifiers: project, content type, and dataset. Each project classifier can have its own dedicated user interface associated with it. These classifiers are described in detail in the Architecture section.


It's the new, hot trend in Latin America: Families with money are equipping their vehicles with bullet-proof windows so they can keep their families safe.
"In Latin American countries from Brazil to Mexico, the affluent are increasingly shielding their cars as a precaution against violence that has thrived due to weak police forces, easy access to guns and young, unemployed men on the lookout for lucrative targets," says a Fox Latino report.
Trying to improve their odds against crime, violence and kidnappings, the report says that Venezuela's wealthy have poured money into security. The number of bodyguards has grown an estimated 70 percent in the past five years, and it's common to see the children of wealthy businesspeople shuttled to school by armed chauffeurs, the report says.
Colombia was a pioneer in producing armored cars due to a long-running rebel conflict and drug violence, the report says, but now, Venezuela surpasses Colombia in the number of armored cars produced each year.
In Brazil, sales have risen from 3,045 vehicles in 2004 to 7,332 in 2010, according to the Brazilian Armoring Association. It says that about 85 percent of Brazilian clients are business executives and that fears of street crime are driving the increase.
In Mexico, says the report, an estimated 2,300 cars will be armored this year, compared to 1,200 in 2007.


text:
This week is Tongan Language Week – Uike Kātoanga'i 'o e Lea Faka-Tonga. This is the second blog post for this week where the Pacific Cultures team highlight collection items that relate to Tongan language and culture.
This is a kumete, a wooden bowl used in Tongan communities for the preparation of kava, a beverage made from the roots of the kava plant. A person preparing kava will crush the roots into a powder-like form before mixing it in a bowl with water to suitable strength and taste.
The most important use of kava is in meetings and ceremonies. Important guests and occasions are honoured with the formal serving of kava in coconut shell cups. Kava is also consumed informally, sometimes in kava clubs. While these informal kava drinking circles are often social, they are also important venues for the preservation of Tongan language and culture. Conversation, song, humour and even relationships are nurtured around the bowl through the sharing of the beverage among family and friends.
At Te Papa we collect tangible items associated with kava drinking such as kumete, kava cups and photography of specific events. However, just as interesting are the intangible elements of culture that make these artefacts significant – the stories, tales and cultural practices.
Watch this video clip from the Tales from Te Papa series where the Reverend Tevita Finau explains how kava drinking can play a role in the arts of Tongan courtship. Click here to Go to video.
Look out too for the Tales from Te Papa book available from Te Papa Press: _URL_


What is the Kaleidoscope Project?
Interviews and conversations with experts on sustainability, design and innovation, reflecting theory and generating actions between a diverse range of disciplines including design [product, fashion, graphic, web, architects and interiors], science, art, activists, business, psychology and academia.
The 5 Kaleidoscope Videos, split into four different values; Balance, Meaning, Innovation and Culture. During each interview we asked how each value is seen and practised today and how they should be practiced in order to move towards a better future. The last video focuses on the tools and skills that we need to get to that better future, acting as a call to arms for designers and professionals about the need for rethink the way we practice our disciplines.
This short film is the final film, Tools & Skills.
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High up in Greece's Pindus Mountains
Europe/Middle-East > Southern Europe > Greece
The Pindus Mountains in northern Greece contain some of the country's highest peaks, including Mt Smolikas, the country's second tallest mountain after Mt Olympus, and are home to a number of species such as brown bear, wolf and jackal. Illegal logging, road construction, ski facilities and mountain tourism, however, threaten extensive forest areas.
The Papingo Information Centre, established by WWF and the local community, is monitoring the threats and educating visitors about the region's unique biodiversity. The centre also supports a number of conservation projects and promotes ecotourism.
Northern Pindos includes 2 national parks (Vikos-Aoos and Valia Kalda/Northern Pindos) and the mountainous forest areas around them. The main values of the area are: extremely beautiful landscapes, the most diverse mosaic of forest types, the Zagori group of 45 villages of traditional architecture, the most complete alpine zone animal community, almost all rare and threatened big mammals in Greece, over 1000 species of plants with some endemic ones.
While WWF Greece had acknowledged the importance of the area for quite some time, little concrete action on the part of the organisation had been taken to engage in the Northern Pindos. In part, this could be explained by the absence of an appropriate "entry point" into such a large and demanding area and also the difficulty in finding the appropriate project leader for this challenge. The president of the traditional community of Papigo, a village within the area, offered WWF the opportunity to use the old school of the village and asked the organisation to establish a visitor centre here, following Prespa's model. WWF staff made 2 visits to the village and relevant contacts were made. At the same time, a biologist originating from the area expressed his will to collaborate with WWF for a local project. These 2 events created the necessary prerequisites for a WWF involvement in the area.
Conserve the threatened natural values of the Northern Pindos through the active participation of local people through capacity building activities.
- Contribute to the effective conservation of the Northern Pindos National Park.
- Increase local involvement in nature conservation.


You are here
Baby Booties Cake
Kenneth Chen
 - 2 (16 ounces each) family size frozen pound cakes, thawed
 - 2 cans (16 ounces each) vanilla frosting
 - Neon pink and neon blue food coloring (McCormick)
 - 15 mini marshmallows
 - 2 tablespoons each pink and blue decorating sugars
 - 6 yellow M&M minis
 - 1 strand each red and black licorice laces
 - Clean scissors
 - 3 freezer weight zip lock bags
Trimming the cakes:
 1. Place the thawed pound cakes on a clean work surface. Cut each cake in half crosswise. Trim a 3/4-inch wedge from either side of trimmed end.
 2. Arrange the cake pieces on a serving platter standing a cake, trimmed end down, against the other trimmed piece to make 2 booties. Secure with some of the vanilla frosting. Spread the top of the standing cake with some of the vanilla frosting and make smooth.
Frosting the cakes:
 1. Spoon 3/4 cup of the vanilla frosting into a zip lock bag. Divide the remaining vanilla frosting between 2 bowls. Tint one bowl pale blue and one pale pink with the food coloring. Spoon each color into a separate zip lock bag. Seal the bags.
 2. Snip a small corner from each of the bags with the frostings. Pipe the pink frosting in small light loops along the base of one of the cakes. Repeat with other rows of tight loops to cover all but 1 inch from the top edge of the cake.
 3. Pipe 2 rows of tight loops with the vanilla frosting along the top edge. Pipe a line of pink frosting along the top inside edge.
 4. Repeat the same method with the light blue frosting.
To complete the decoration:
 1. Place each colored sugar in small bowls. Cut the mini marshmallows in half on the diagonal. Press 15 pieces, cut side down, into each colored sugar to make the flower petals.
 2. Arrange 3 like colored flowers on the side of each bootie. Press a yellow mini M&M in the center of each flower.
 3. Arrange the licorice pieces into a small bow shape. Press the licorice bows on the top edge of each cake.
Serves 24


Tec-Alert Newsletter
84880 Emergency Fiber Restoration Tool KitIntroduction
No cable is invulnerable to catastrophic failures or damage. Yet, many times, OSP crews and service managers operate as if this were true. The ONLY way to mitigate the risk is to be prepared. Planning, preparation and training can go a long way toward minimizing downtime in the event of a failure. As we all know, downtime means higher costs and lost opportunity in the form of unhappy customers.
Faced with the reality that cables WILL be damaged, what can you do about it right now? The goal of any emergency restoration effort is to restore service as quickly as possible thus minimizing the impact on customers. In this article we will help you begin a basic plan or strategy to make this goal a reality for your fiber cabling plant.
Make a Plan
The first step in effectively addressing catastrophic failures is to have a planned response in place prior to any failure. This planning involves asking and answering a few key questions:
1. What equipment, training, etc. must be in place BEFORE a failure occurs?
2. How will we know that a failure has occurred?
3. What is our Emergency Response procedure? Steps involved, personnel responsible, etc.
4. Once a failure has been detected, who is trained, stocked and responsible for performing the restoration?
5. How do we assess the success of the restoration? Speed of restoration, completeness of restoration, cost of restoration.
Once answers to these key questions have been determined the next step is to ensure that the "Plan" is ready for execution when needed.
Have Supplies in Place
Personnel: To effect any fiber restoration, you will need to have trained personnel in place who know and understand your procedure and can perform the type of restoration required. These service experts may be your own on staff people or an outside contractor. Regardless, don't take training for granted. The worst case scenario is to attempt a restore and fail due to lack of training.
Supplies: The ideal Emergency Fiber Restoration Kit (EFRK) would contain every type and fiber count replacement cable used throughout your entire plant and all the necessary tools and equipment to install them.
This is usually impractical from a cost standpoint. The next best solution is to have ready at all times an EFRK with all the necessary tools, supplies, consumables and at least 300 feet of cable containing enough fibers to be used almost anywhere in the network.
NOTE: Also, make sure your splice enclosures can accept the required number of spliced fibers as well.
Click here to see our NEW Emergency Fiber Restoration Kit.
Several of these EFRKs should be deployed throughout your network either in specific POPs or in the crew vehicles of all restoration trained personnel. That way the crew or facility nearest the break can respond rapidly and competently without waiting for supplies.
When building or purchasing your EFRK, select components that are easy to use, and provide flexibility for different situations (e.g. buried or aerial deployment). Click here to see our NEW Emergency Fiber Restoration Kit.
Typical Emergency Fiber Restoration Kit Contents:
- Fiber Optic Splice Closures (2 or more).
- Splice Holding Trays for the spliced fibers.
- High Fiber Count Restoration Cable (At least 300ft).
- Enough mechanical splices or fusion splice protectors to splice all the fibers in the cable TWICE (Once at each end of the break).
- Consumables for cleaning the cable and fibers.
- Tools for prepping the cable sheath.
- Tools for stripping and prepping the fibers before splicing.
- Good Quality Fiber Optic Cleaver.
- Mechanical Splicing Kit or Fusion Splicer.
Other equipment that may also be required
Understanding the Emergency Restoration Process
Scenario: A cable has been completely severed by a backhoe at a construction site. The cut is near the middle of a 5000 foot run and there are no splice points nearby.
Emergency Fiber Restoration Process
0. Prepping, cleaning and stripping the restoration cable can often be done in advance. This will save time once your crew arrives onsite.
1. Locate and access the cable break.
2. Remove at least 10m (32 ft) of cable on either side of the break. This helps ensure that the remaining cable is undamaged. Test the remaining lengths using an OTDR to verify they are undamaged.
3. Prep, clean, strip, and cleave the fibers. Here is where having the restoration cable prepared beforehand can save time.
4. Splice the fibers together and load each spliced fiber into the splice enclosure. Often mechanical splicing is preferred because of its simplicity and speed. This temporary restoration will restore critical service rapidly and the system can be taken down later for permanent fusion splicing repairs.
5. Perform the steps 1-4 on the other end of the damaged cable.
6. Check system alarms or test with an OTDR before completely sealing the closures.
7. Close and seal spice closures. Test complete system after final deployment of the cable to confirm successful fiber restoration.
As we have seen, the best way to prepare for an emergency is to plan
ahead! By having a plan, trained personnel and required equipment in
place before a break occurs, your next restoration can be smoother,
faster and a lot less costly!
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Angular2 is providing [attr.] to bind attribute values. Here it is
Markup :
Observe below code, role attribute was bound to roleVal
 This text color can be changed by class
Angular Component Code
Observe below functions addAttr, removeAttr, checkAttr
(function(app) {
 app.AppComponent = ng.core
 selector:'my-app',
 templateUrl: 'attr1_template.html'
 constructor: function() {
 this.roleVal = '';
 addAttr:function() {
 this.roleVal = 'admin';
 removeAttr:function() {
 this.roleVal = '';
 checkAttr:function() {
 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
})( || ( = {}));
 2. I just tried to set and remove attributes with Assignment Writing Services and Angular2, and the result was exactly as you said. Thank you very much for writing this amazing post here.
 3. A systematic review aims to provide an in-depth prospectus of the applicable literature resources ( ) on your research topic. Find relevant studies, papers, and publications in the field, broaden the knowledge on your subject, get useful insights.
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text:
Cartographica 1.4 can send information along to a WFS server in order to limit the amount of information which is sent back to it. However, this functionality requires knowledge of both the layer information and a bit of how WFS works as well. The additional filter information can be pasted directly into the Filter box in the window and will be passed along to the WFS server as part of the retrieval instructions.
The specifics of what field names, values, and operations are allowed will be dependent upon your particular WFS server, but here is an example that we have used in-house to give you an idea of what these look like:
To break this down, the server is to look at the property named "DATE_" and compare it to only allow features which have values greater than '2012-09-15'.
More complex filters are also allowed, basically anything that can be formed with valid WFS, however, they can get complex to format. Here is an example of a filter which looks at the "DATE_" field from above, and also looks at the "SOURCE" field and requires it to be equal to "BIC".
It's not simple, but it is effective.


text:
|So close, but no cigar
||[Jan. 30th, 2007|08:43 am]
It's nice to see some people actually look at their DSO's and rewrite them to not be resource hogs. One late example is this PCRE code and the optimization done by one Marco Barisione who should be applauded for starting the work. But then this:
const char *_pcre_ucp_names =
This is a global variable. Anybody seeing what is wrong?
What this does is define a variable in.data (it's modifiable) which points to a constant string. This means
- An additional variable
- More attack points, the variable is writable
- An additional relocation
- Getting the string address requires a memory load and accessing the string itself requires two memory loads
People, think before writing code! All that is needed here is name for the memory area containing the constant string. I.e.:
const char _pcre_ucp_names =
See the difference? This one character removed and two added make all the difference in the world. The binary is smaller (at least 32 bytes on x86-64, more counting the simpler memory access in the actual code), one less relative relocation, faster code at runtime since the code to compute the string address needs no memory access.


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Governors are on every single air cooled engine, from lawn mowers and edgers to generators and one man augers. They are Mechanical and Pneumatic. Pneumatic governors are powered by an external air vane, while mechanical governors are run by a gear and spool assembly inside the engine. This page will explain how to adjust the mechanical governor on Briggs and Stratton and Tecumseh Engines.
Governors should never need adjusting, unless the governor arm is removed or tampered with. But in the event that they do need adjusting, here is how you do it. A rule of thumb is the governor shaft should be turned in the same direction the governor arm turns to open the throttle wide open. For example, on Tecumseh TVS, LEV, TVM, TVXL and other similar engines, the governor arm rocks in the counter clockwise direction to close the throttle to idle. To adjust the governor, you would loosen the screw on the bottom of the governor arm and push the governor arm so the throttle is wide open. Then you would turn the bottom "clip" (which is connected to the governor shaft) counter clockwise. This will set the governor shaft on top of the governor spool. Now tighten the screw.
To adjust the governor on a 5 HP Briggs and Stratton horizontal shaft engine, you would loosen the nut on the governor arm and push the governor arm down, clockwise. Then you would turn the governor shaft clockwise also and tighten the nut.


How to mirror screen from Android Device to PC, TV and Mac?
 1. Network connection：
First make sure that Android Smart TV, Android TV Box, PC are connected to the same WiFi with mobile phone. (WiFi in 5G band is the best choice)
 1. Install 1001 TVs
You need to install 1001TVs on both of the devices you want to mirror or mirror to.
The installation method please consult the Installation Guide.
 1. Mirror screen
There are two ways to start mirroring:
 - Scan QR code
You can choose scan QR code entrance1 or 2.The first time scanning QR code requires authorization of the camera.
Once scanning code succeed, you can start screen mirroring.
2) Select nearby equipments
Normally, it will automatically display all smart TV, TV box and PC that open "1001 TVs" in the same LAN.
Selecting one device will start mirror screen to it.
Note: The device needs to launch 1001 TVs. Click the refresh button to reload device.
Before mirror screen, you need to grant notification permission to view status in the notification bar.
This function can be used in various scenes, such as demo in mobile phone and mirror phone's screen to big screen in conference, mirror screen while playing mobile game to live, read e-books in bigger screen and so on.
3) Mirror screen to web browser
Tap the [Mirror To Browser] in the Toolbox.
Enter the displayed URL in your web browser to mirror screen! (Recommended to use Chrome browser~)
 1. Settings
 1) Change the screen resolution (You can change resolution on mobile phone, computer, and TV to meet different customer requirement.)
 If screen mirroring always get stuck, try reducing the resolution.
 In phone, there is resolution setting in the screen after mirroring screen succeed.
 PC: Top left setting menu –> Picture quality
 TV/Box Side: Press Menu key of Remote Control–>Screening Quality.
2) Change the screen settings (The delay may occur during the screen mirroring process, the resolution is not high, etc., you can improve the screen quality by changing the screen settings)
Screen capture mode: Automatic selection in default, you can turn on the setting to change to codec mode or picture mode.
Floating Window: The mirroring maybe disconnected unexpectedly when [Floating Window] option is disabled, please allow the permission.
Ignore battery optimization: Screen mirroring may be interrupted when battery optimization is on. It is recommended to enable this option.
 1. Notes:
 - There is no sound in target device when mirror screen. It is recommended that the phone is connected to a Bluetooth speaker or Bluetooth headset.
 - The mobile version supports Android 6.0 or above, and TV version supports Android 4.2.2 or higher.
 - Try to connect WiFi in 5G band, the screen will be more stable and the delay will be less.


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When drawing RGBA images, e.g. using
gr_drawimage(), the resolution of the image data and the size of the area where the image should be drawn often don't match. In workstation types which produce vector-based files, this issue is left to viewing programs, which will need to rasterize the file to display it. For raster output like PNGs, GKS has to handle this resolution mismatch itself.
Before GR Runtime version 0.42.0, image data would always be resampled to the required resolution using the nearest neighbor algorithm, which is very fast but can lead to a few issues, particularly when reducing the resolution of image data, as the information of some pixels will be ignored and lost to the viewer. To avoid this and offer alternatives, GKS now supports two other algorithms: linear and Lanczos resampling.
The algorithm to be used can be set individually for four cases:
upsampling horizontally, and
To do so, the user can combine flags for each situation, e.g.
GKS_K_DOWNSAMPLE_HORIZONTAL_LINEAR | GKS_K_DOWNSAMPLE_VERTICAL_LINEAR and pass the result to
gr_setresamplemethod(). Alternatively, they can use a pre-combined flag such as
If no resampling method is selected, the default resampling method will be used. Usually, this will be the nearest neighbor algorithm, but this can be changed using the
GKS_DEFAULT_RESAMPLE_METHOD environment variable.
Using linear or Lanczos resampling will be significantly slower than the nearest neighbor approach.
The following example shows a 500×500 pixels image downsampled to 100×100 pixels using these three algorithms:
The next example shows the reverse, a 100×100 pixels image upsampled to 500×500 pixels:


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Posts Tagged 'order'
Let me suppose God is Oneness of Things. Perhaps from working out broadly how our endeavours work out we may get a glimpse of His working. In an earlier post I showed how our individual goodness or virtue seems to strike a wrong note when we consider it in terms of the whole.(ref: paradox of thrift)
Let me use analogy of music to explain Oneness of Things. There are several parts written for a choir. Music of the Spheres keeps the celestial part, and we of the earth have also parts written. If virtue of each in this earthly choir sings out of tune what creates perfect harmony finally? If one can understand how, perhaps we may know the Being and how He works. Here alas, I have simplified since I cannot find no other way to explain. Thus I use after the similitude of human understanding to speak of God and His Ways. God as the Genius behind the music blends it here a little and there a little till nothing of dissonance that we made remains. Everything has been rendered subservient to the music. Plans of Mice and Man, on account of this go awry every time.


Episode 111: Motorcycle Flip
Air Date: October 29, 2008
Throwing a wooden pole into the spokes of a motorbike's front wheel will cause it to flip. (Based on a scene in the movie Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.)
The Mythbusters first obtained a bike similar to the type used during filming of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. They built a mechanized rig that could fire a pole at human-like speeds. During a full-scale test with the bike moving at a speed of 40 miles per hour, the bike snapped the wooden pole without stopping, busting the myth. Undeterred, The MythBusters decided to redo the test with a steel pole. Although the steel pole did stop the bike, it skidded instead of flipping, definitively busting the myth. The team analyzed the movie scene and discovered that explosives were used to flip the bike. They then built a mortar and used it to flip the bike in an elaborate recreation of the movie scene.
While escaping prison, you could climb down a wall using a rope made of toilet paper.
To compensate for toilet paper's low tensile strength, Tory twisted it into multiple yarns to create rope. After creating the rope, Tory found that it was strong enough to support his weight. During a test climbing down a courthouse, Tory had difficulty keeping a firm grip on the rope. Nonetheless, the Build Team declared the myth plausible.
While escaping prison, you could climb down a wall using a rope made of bedsheets.
Grant found that making his bedsheet rope was very easy and quick in comparison to the toilet paper and hair ropes. During the test, the rope held Grant's weight and he successfully descended to the ground.
While escaping prison, you could climb down a wall using a rope made of hair.
In order to make a rope, Kari braided numerous ponytails together, with some difficulty. Despite initial doubts, she managed to successfully climb down the hair rope. The Build Team declared this myth plausible since getting the necessary amount of hair to create a rope would be extremely impractical.
 1. Richard Landgraff says:
 If you slow the Indiana Jones movie down, you will see he is pushing the tapered and pointed BROKEN end of the pole through the spokes. Much more plausible than the squared ends the Mythbusters tried.
 - MSpears says:
 It makes no difference, Richard. The point is, the bike would have skidded, not flipped. THAT was what they were testing.
 Maybe if the myth was "Is it easier to push a pole with a tapered end through the spokes of a moving motorcycle wheel", THEN it would make a difference.
 - Dstephens80 says:
 My issue with the bike flip is that they changed the front wheel to make it stronger. Seems to me if they used a regular wheel the flag pole would have broke the spokes causing the wheel to collapse which would have buried the front fork into the ground causing an immediate stop with no chance to skid potentially causing the flip they were seeking, minus the explosive dust ball of course.
 2. Adriana Castiglioni says:
 can you make mt. dew glow in the dark????????????
 3. Richard Akers says:
 I am just wondering why a tapered, pointed, broken end would make a difference on how the bike reacted to having something shoved through the spokes. I have spent quite a bit of time on a motor cycle, and have accidentally locked up the front brakes more than once. same result every time. Front tire slides. no flip.
 4. Alan Barbato Sr. says:
 hey i have a holiday myth for ya. i heard that a turkey will burst/explode if you deepfry it before you defrost it!?! happy holidays to all at mythbusters me and my family love to watch you all.
 ps. adam watch those eyebrows!! lol!
 5. nadine says:
 hey can you die from brainfreeze?????? not just one but like 40 or 80 brainfreeze??????????????????????????????????????
 much love
 - MSpears says:
 No, because brainfreeze isn't actually caused by your BRAIN getting cold, it's caused by overstimulation of the vagus nerves at the back of the throat.
 6. Zac says:
 How High Do You Have To Be To Injure Yourself While Attempting To Jump Into Water Because One Of My Friends Said Someguy Died Parashooting Off A plane And Landing Body First Into To Water.
 Also Mythbusters Is My Favourtie Show So When U Need A Kid To Spice Things Up Email Me!!! =]
 7. Ryan Lee says:
 i think you guys might need to do the motorcycle one again because each time i see the rod go inside, the motorcycle has already tipped over a bit. and if you guys are going to do it again, try using training wheel to keep it up straight
 8. Troy says:
 I have seen a motor cycle flip, when a stick had gotten it to the front spokes. In this situation it was on dirt and most of the spokes had broken, the front forks dug in to the ground and caused the bike and rider to flip end over end. It really did not go airborne as in the movie. In the situation the Mythbusters set up there was no way the bike would have flipped. Especially with the steel wheel Jamie made, the forks could not dig in like the situation I had see or would they on tarmac.
 - Bryce says:
 The key is when Adam says that if the wheel comes to a sudden stop from the flag pole being shoved through it the bike will keep its forward momentum and skid, but if they'd had kept the original spoked wheels it wouldn't come to an abrupt stop, but slow down very quickly, producing the same effect as slamming on the front brakes which can flip a bike forwards, I've done it on a four wheeler.
 - Bob says:
 I absolutely agree with your assessment. The test was invalidated and doomed to failure the moment Jamie built the unbreakable wheel. I know what it feels like to have a front wheel collapse and do a heady over the handle bars with the wheel collapsed. Not as explosive as the Jones movie special effects but bad enough. They really screwed up on this one.
 - Steve says:
 Thank You Bryce and Bob!!! Changing the wheel changed everything. It also didn't help that they tied a dummy from its back to the back of the motorcycle, thus changing the how the force would be distributed by the rider. Of course, that assumes that the dummy weighed anything close to a real person. I've been riding motorcycles since I was 9 and I'm 51. All anyone has to do is watch bikers performing rear "wheelie" acrobatics to know that a bike can flip from the front wheel stopping abruptly. But I also agree that it wouldn't get airborne like in the movie.
 - Vic says:
 No way this myth was properly busted. Why? Because motorcycle stunters are capable of doing endos.
 Therefore, some combination of proper modulation of the front brake, and the cg of the deceleration forces of the rider on the bike can cause an effect similar to that of the movie.
 I call for a retest.
 - Jeremy says:
 I have personally flipped a Honda Shadow at 60 mph. The front wheel bearing seized and it was all over. It flipped three times, the first one tossing me forward like a very suprised ragdoll. I was not tied down to the back, the road surface was asphalt, and the tires had about 10,000 miles on them.
 - MSpears says:
 And I bet you learned a very important lesson, too.
 Inertia is PAINFUL. :-D
 9. billy and jorge says:
 in the movie Wanted it shows the you could curve a bullet is it true
 - MSpears says:
 They tested this myth. No, it isn't.
 10. tanner woehl says:
 your show is the best tv show ever i think they should put mythbusters on all the time i liked that one what will stop a speeding bullet in the shortest distance i think that would be CCCCooooooooooooooooLLLLLLL
 11. caleb says:
 i know that it is possible to flip a bike, my dad did it once when he was riding fast and then he put on the front brakes instead of the back brakes. Although, it was a normal bike not a motor bike.
 12. Tamdhy says:
 Please help me!!! I'm searching for the episode in which the boys test out a viral video that shows a toilet being exploded. I don't remember what they used on the video, but Jamie and Adam tested it using sodium and eventually potassium. It took a lot to actually make the toilet break apart. Can you identify which season and episode for me?
 13. D Two says:
 could an airplain drop the twin tower? and how? make a show on that, that would get u guys some good ratings!
 14. Parmanand Persaud says:
 Hello Mythbusters, I love your shows and I watch them all the time. I have an experiment that I would like to do with you guys. I am talking about going " GREEN" to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 2% if this experiment is a success. The two main items are "WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE. We know gas can be dissolve in water


Fluoride Action Network
Sixty-four forty-day old male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of thirty-two each. With one group untreated as controls, the other group was administered 150 mg NaF/L (68 ppm F–) in their drinking water to assess the effects of high fluoride on sperm quality and testicular histology at different developmental stages. In contrast to the control group, the F-treated rats exhibited a decline in sperm viability and a significant increase of sperm abnormalities 50, 80, 100, and 120 days after administration of sodium fluoride. Sperm density declined markedly at day 80 and day 120. The number of seminiferous epithelium cell layers (NSECL), the thickness of the seminiferous tubule (TST), and the diameter of the seminiferous tubule (DST) in the testis all decreased at day 50, 100, and 120. In short, the semen quality was impaired by fluoride in the drinking water, and the histological changes in the seminiferous epithelium of testicular tissues may be responsible for the diminished sperm quality in male rats.


-A A +A
We study the problem of magnetization and heat currents and their associated thermodynamic forces in a magnetic system by focusing on the magnetization transport in ferromagnetic insulators like YIG. The resulting theory is applied to the longitudinal spin Seebeck and spin Peltier effects. By focusing on the specific geometry with one Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) layer and one Pt layer, we obtain the optimal conditions for generating large magnetization currents into Pt or large temperature effects in YIG. The theoretical predictions are compared with experiments from the literature permitting to derive the values of the thermomagnetic coefficients of YIG: the magnetization diffusion length l M∼ 0.4 μ m and the absolute thermomagnetic power coefficient ε M∼ 10− 2 TK− 1.
American Physical Society
Publication date:
18 May 2016
Vittorio Basso, Elena Ferraro, Alessandro Magni, Alessandro Sola, Michaela Kuepferling, Massimo Pasquale
Biblio References:
Volume: 93 Issue: 18 Pages: 184421
Physical Review B


text:
the process of making or growing things to be sold, especially in large quantities [↪ produce, product]
the production of consumer goods
food/oil/milk etc production
agricultural production and distribution
production costs/facilities/processes etc
high-tech production methods
be in production (=being produced)
By September, the new motors were in production.
go into/out of production (=begin to be produced in large numbers, or stop being produced)
The new model will go into production next year.
the amount of goods that are made or grown
increase/rise/fall etc in production
a drop in oil and gas production
when something is produced through a natural process
the skin's natural production of oil
4 [uncountable and countable]A
a play, film, broadcast etc that is produced for the public, or the process of producing it:
the new Shakespeare production at the Arts Theatre
In 1992, Green moved into video production.
when you show something:
Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.


Chart Recorders
Chart Recorders
A traditional chart recorder is an electromechanical device that records the temperature recorded inside the fridge or freezer by drawing on a piece of paper called a chart. The beauty of a chart recorder is that it allows you to immediately see the temperature history inside the fridge or freezer. There is no need to take a data logger over to a computer to download the information which also makes it ideal for people that may not be computer literate.
A more recent development is paperless chart recorders. These still display the temperature history in a graphical format but the temperature history is stored in electronic format like a data logger. Common methods of transferring the data to a PC include via WiFi or a USB stick.
These chart recorders can be connected to an existing refrigerator or freezer, are mains powered and easy to operate. We can also supply in-built chart recorders for many of our new fridges and freezers.
Showing all 2 results
 - Panel Mount Paperless Chart Recorder
 Data logger for monitoring where manual supervision and/or alarm notification is mandatory. WiFi connectivity to PC and cloud for continuous logging of
 Made to order
 - TT260 Chart Recorder
 The TT260 Chart Recorder can be connected to an existing refrigerator or freezer. It is mains powered and is easy
 $1,765.00 excl. GST
 In stock. Typically shipped in 1 week
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Airport Management Wildlife
Airport Bird Control – 6 most asked questions and answers
Airport Bird Control is an important issue. Read on to find the most asked questions and answers to them
How Airports keep birds away?
Most airports combine a lot of methods to keep birds away, such as Standing Lasers, Pyrotechnics, Propane Cannons, Visual Effects, Natural Predators (i.e. Falconry), Traps and even adjusting the height of the grass at the airfield.
How does pyrotechnics work at airports to keep birds away?
The key of using pyrotechnics is combining sounds and visual effects to create a stimulus that attracts birds primary instincts. This can be done with a variety of pyrotechnics of varying range, colours, and blasts that can make birds fell that the place is not safe to stay. However, the correct training of bird controllers is also essential. A true specialist knows there is not a "silver bullet" in airport bird control. A complete toolbox and well-trained professionals are needed for a successful Wildlife Control Program.
What is a birdstrike?
Airport bird control plans can avoid birdstrike like this one
Damage to an aeroplane product of a birdstrike.
How often a birdstrike happens?
About 61% of bird strikes with civil aircraft occur during landing phases of flight (descent, approach and landing roll); 36% occur during the take-off run and climb, and the remainder (3%) occur during the en-route phase. (FAA Stats).
Why are birds attracted to airports?
Airports are a wide, open space with a full environment. The attractiveness of vegetation is a balance between food presence, food accessibility, and protection against predators.
 Airport Bird Control Grass
Airfield shows short grass to avoid the presence of birds.
How grass height affects the presence of birds?
Vegetation is a balance between food presence, food accessibility, and protection against predators. And these three factors vary a lot for every bird or animal species.
Food accessibility depends on vegetation height and density. Long, dense vegetation will inhibit most hazardous birds/wildlife from moving around, detecting and accessing the food. In addition, birds/wildlife feeding on seeds will avoid the airport if its vegetation is mowed during the flowering season.
On the other hand, many species prefer to stay in the open space of short vegetation where they have a wide view to see predators well in advance to enable them to flee on time; and safeguard themselves from predators by hiding or fleeing.
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Time for the third installment of the Mock Latin series!
Omnium gatherum ~ So technically, this one is only partly "mock." 😉 Omnium is indeed a Latin word for "of all things." Kind of like miscellaneous. In the 1520s (this one is OLD!), people came up with the humorous addition of gatherum to put with it, just from the English "gather." So of course if you gather all things, you end up with a motley collection, which is exactly what this phrase means. =)
Harum-scarum ~ This phrase actually originated in the 1670s as harum-starum. The harum part is taken from the verb "to harry or harrass," and then the scarum was added mostly just to rhyme. The -um endings are abbreviations of "them," the whole phrase meant to be a humurous mock-Latin that would quite literally mean "to harrass and scare them."
Two installments left in my Mock series!


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The Beechwoods is a rare piece of mature beech woodland on the southern outskirts of Cambridge. It is a vantage point from which to observe and reflect on the seemingly inexorable expansion of the high-tech City. I've begun to photograph there and this is developing into a small project.
According to the Beds, Cambs and Northants Wildlife Trust:
"The Beechwoods were planted on arable land in the 1840s. Medieval plough terraces are still visible beneath the trees. Delicate white helleborines thrive on the dry chalky soil, pushing up their flowering spikes in the spring before the budding beech-leaves can cast their deep cool shade. These orchids are usually found under beech, and this nature reserve is one of their most northerly outposts.
The original beech trees are all mature, and beech-bark fungi combined with autumn gales have caused many of them to fall in recent years. Saplings have sprung up in the gaps, and the wood is now developing a more varied structure. West of the old wood, local people planted a new area of broadleaved trees in 1992. Because this area has a greater variety of trees it will mature to provide a range of habitats to complement the old beech wood. In years with a good beech-mast crop, large flocks of bramblings gather to exploit the rich food source."


Just fill in the moon
Just fill in the moon
World October 15, 2015 11:57
- It sounds like a science fiction story but scientists are convinced that rockets off even on the moon to Mars in the future will stop to refuel. It is a relatively small detour, but in a rocket traveling through the moon is less than 68 percent of the weight saved.
Which scientists at the renowned Massachusetts Institute of Technology calculated.
Storage of fuel on the moon is relatively simple and the fuel savings would be considerable. The cost to launch a rocket from Earth in space because of the weight ratio is particularly high. Scientists went for a trip to Mars is always a straight line from the earth. The savings to travel moon through the stop sign, make a return march for a missile with people aboard suddenly much more real.
The distance from Earth to Mars is about 225 million kilometers. To the moon is only 384.000 kilometers.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and mold fungi in bioaerosols, and the number of new cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.
Methods: Air samples from the Lubelskie and Pomeranian voivodeships in Poland were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Thirty-three samples were collected in the Pomeranian and 27 in the Lubelskie voivodeship. The air samples were collected on the first day of each month at 1:00 pm for 10 mins at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. The number of mesophilic bacteria was detected after 24–48 hrs incubation at 37°C on tryptone soya agar (TSA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The number of psychrophilic bacteria was detected after 72 hrs incubation at 22°C on TSA. The number of fungi was detected by a 5-day long incubation at 28°C on chloramphenicol yeast glucose agar.
Results: In the Lubelskie voivodeship, the mean concentration of psychrophilic bacteria was significantly higher than in the Pomeranian voivodeship (2739 vs 608 CFU/m3, respectively), the mean concentration of mesophilic bacteria was significantly higher (2493 vs 778/m3, respectively) and the concentration of fungi was significantly higher (3840 vs 688 CFU/m3, respectively). We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of children with recently diagnosed T1DM and the mean concentration of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the Pomeranian and Lubelskie voivodeships (P<0.001). Moreover, we found a significant relationship between the number of new cases of T1DM in children and the mean concentration of fungi in bioaerosols in the Lubelskie voivodeship (P<0.001), but not in the Pomeranian voivodeship (P=NS).
Conclusion: The results of our research showed that there is a higher concentration of microbial particles in the Lublin voivodeship. Therefore, we recommend changes in climate for children (trips to the sea, mountains, etc) as often as possible.
Click here to read more.
About the AuthorEmily Rachal
Take our free mold quiz here


text:
2 Essential Features of Genuine Fractals
Genuine Fractals, also referred to as Perfect Resize, is an application used to enlarge and resize images. It has become very appreciated by professionals because it can enlarge an image without losing sharpness or detail in the process. Here are some essential features of this program.
1. General Features
Using interpolation as main technique, Genuine Fractals can perform the following tasks:
- Enlarge an image to the desired size and resolution
- Discard edge halos and preserve refined image detail
- Easily crop and redimension images
Genuine Fractals renders lines sharper than Photoshop, but does not promise any improvement in the resolution. It does not replace missing detail, but it is far better than any other editing software used for resizing images.
2. Essential New Features
The developers of Genuine Fractals have improved some of the existing features and added the following new ones:
- Control of smoothness to decrease artifacts in the resizing process and a loupe tool for previews
- New presets
- Two brand new sharpening methods
The Gallery Wrap has some updates as well so that it can provide quick previews while processing the image. Genuine Fractals is compatible with Lightroom, Photoshop and Aperture, but it can also work as an individual application.


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Milestones:Yosami Radio Transmitting Station, 1929
Yosami Radio Transmitting Station, 1929
In April 1929, the Yosami Station established the first wireless communications between Japan and Europe with a long wave operating at 17.442 kHz. An inductor-type high-frequency alternator provided output power at 500 kW. The antenna system used eight towers, each 250m high. The facilities were used for communicating with submarines by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1941 to 1945 and by the United States Navy from 1950 to 1993.
Establishment of wireless communications in Japan
Before the First World War, Japan did not have its own overseas communication networks and depended on the wired networks operated by a foreign company. After the First World War, the Japanese government recognized that its own communication network was indispensable for dealing with the increasing amount of trade and diplomatic negotiations
and decided to establish the long wave wireless transmitting stations for communications between Japan and the US and between Japan and Europe. The station for communication with US was established in 1927 in Iwaki, north of Tokyo, and the station for Europe in 1929 in Yosami near Nagoya.
Long wave generation using machine-senders
In the 1920s when there was no vacuum tube with high output power, long waves (continuous carrier waves) with high output power were generated by machine-senders, i.e., high frequency (HF) generators. Two types of generator were proposed for the machine-senders, as described in the following item (h). In the Yosami station, an inductor-type alternator was selected with the idea of high output power. The station started communications to Warsaw in Poland on April 15, 1929 as the first destination with a long wave of 17.442kHz and output power of 500kW. Communications to Berlin, Paris and London followed in turn. By using the generator with such high output power, the long wave could cross a long distance of 9000km, i.e., the Eurasian Continent. Long wave stations around the world in the 1920s are shown in Table 1.
Long wave transmitting stations around the world in the 1920s.
Area Name of Station Wavelength (km) Output Power (kW) Country
North Rocky Point, NY 16.12/16.45 200/200 USA
America Coram Hill, NY 17.5 200 USA
New Brunswick [N.J.] 13.75/13.265 200/200 USA
Marion [Mass.] 11.62/13.505 200 USA
Tuckerton [N.J.] 15.9 200 USA
Barnegat [N.J.] 16.7 200 USA
Bolinas [Calif.] 13.345 200 USA
Kahuku [Hawai] 16.3/16.975 200/200 USA
South Rio de Janeiro 19 400 Brazil
America Monte Glande 12.65 500 Argentina
Buenos Aires 16.8 500 Argentina
Europe Nauen 13/18.06 400/400 Germany
Eilvese 14.65 200 Germany
Carnarvon 14.1 200 United Kingdom
Rugby 5 150 United Kingdom
St.Assise 19.675/14.3 400/400 France
Lafayette 19.1 400 France
Torrenuova 14.45 500 Italy
Kootwiyk 17.85 500 Holland
Verberg 17.4 200 Sweden
Stavanger 12.14 100 Norway
Warsaw 18.28 200 Poland
Ruysselede 18.52 500 Belgium
Asia Marabar 15.6 500 Java
Saigon 20.55?? Indochina
Iwaki 14.6 500 Japan
Yosami 17.2 500 Japan
Oceania Sydney???? Australia
Africa Abu Zabal 11 500 Egypt
* Grimeton long wave transmitting station in Verberg of Sweden was registered as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2005.
Advancement of short wave technology
In those days, short wave communication technologies had rapidly advanced, because short waves reflect at the ionosphere and enables long-distance communications with smaller power than long waves transmitted as ground waves. Within several years after completion of the Yosami Station, therefore, its long wave facilities became auxiliary
ones for periods when short waves could not be used because of fluctuations of the ionosphere in winter. Due to the success of the short waves, the Iwaki long wave transmitting station for communications with the US was dismantled and many other long wave stations in the world were also replaced with the short wave stations.
Submarine communications using long waves
As soon as the Second World War began, long waves were highlighted again.
Electromagnetic waves penetrate more deeply into water with lower frequency; the
penetration depth is almost 10-20m in the region of long waves. Due to this feature,
the long wave facilities in the Yosami Station came to be used for submarine
communications by the Japan Navy during the War. After the War, the US Navy reused
the Station for submarine communications during _PHONE_.
Yosami was opened as the first long wave wireless communications station between
Japan and Europe in 1929 and operated for more than 60 years in spite of
advancements in short wave technologies. In these periods, the Station served for trade
and diplomatic negotiations between Japan and Europe before the Second World War
and for the submarine communications during and after the War. Now, the main long
wave facilities once used at the Station are preserved in the newly-built Yosami Memorial
Museum next to the original site and open to the public.


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Demand Analysis: Utility
Demand Analysis: Utility
The term utility is used often in economics. Utility is a concept used to help explain the choices that consumers make. This helps to explain demand, especially the downward slope of the demand curve.
Utility refers to the amount of satisfaction, or happiness, that individuals receive from the choices that they make. Each person is unique. Different people receive satisfaction for different reasons. They will make different choices even if the circumstances are the same. Because of this, the concept of utility explains how making different choices can still be consistent with the basic assumption in economics that people behave rationally.
Utility (satisfaction) comes from more than just financial wealth and material possessions. Sure, people can derive satisfaction from wealth accumulation. But people also derive satisfaction in other ways. People may be satisfied knowing that they are helping others. Such charity takes many forms, and involves many choices as well. People may gain satisfaction from accumulating many friends, or maybe just having a few very close friends. Some people gain more satisfaction from leisure than others. Many people enjoy hobbies, and different people are willing to devote different amounts of their time and incomes to an unlimited number of potential hobbies. Some people prefer current consumption while others prefer future financial security.
All of these considerations, and more, contribute to different rational choices being made by different people.
Since utility comes from the choices that people make, a cost is always involved. If there were no costs, then people wouldn't have to make choices. But when someone decides what to do with a specific time frame or a specific sum of money, they have to give up using that time frame or that specific sum of money for a different activity.
The cost of a choice is more than just the amount of money or time which has to be spent on that choice. The cost of a choice is the amount of satisfaction (utility) that has to be given up because another choice was not made instead.
This means that the true cost of any choice is its opportunity cost. Since choices often involve more than two options, and only one of the options can be chosen, the opportunity cost is a measure of the utility of the best alternative to any given choice. It would not make sense to add up utilities for several options when only one of them can be chosen.
This concept of measuring opportunity cost brings up another concept in economics: the concept that utility can somehow be measured. It is true that people everywhere do not go around all the time computing a number in order to make the best choice every time that a choice is made. But people do make choices because of the way they envision the benefits and costs involved. Without even realizing that they are doing so, people are making measurements regarding utility. Whichever options are available, people choose the one in which the perceived benefits most outweigh the perceived costs.
Another concept in economics involving utility and choice is that choices do not occur in a vacuum. Every choice relates to choices that have been made previously. Suppose, for example, that you have a favorite song that you haven't heard in a long time. Now, suddenly, it has been made available to you so that you can listen to it as often as you like. Since you haven't heard it for a long time, you might make it a priority to listen to it immediately. All other options that you have for using this time frame will have to wait.
So you listen to it once, and it makes you very happy (you receive a high utility value from this). You want to hear it again. You listen to it a second time immediately after the first time, and the utility is still high. But not quite as high as the first time, because you had to wait so long to hear it the first time. In fact, every time that you listen to it consecutively, the utility is going to be less than the previous time.
This is the concept of diminishing marginal utility. Every time the same option is chosen within a specified time frame, the utility will be less than the previous time. Somewhere along the line, with diminishing marginal utility, the utility received from making the same choice over again will be less than the utility that could be received from something else, even if that'something else' initially had a lower utility value. You will'spend' your next choice on something else instead.
As the same choice continues to be made, with less utility received each time, eventually you could end up actually decreasing your total utility: the last choice gave you a negative amount of utility. Maybe you eat so much that you get sick. When marginal utility becomes negative, this is called disutility.
When making choices, the available options might be complicated somewhat because different choices might involve a different (explicit) cost outlay. One option might take up more of your time than another option. One option might require you to spend more of your income than another option.
For example, suppose you decide to go out to dinner with friends. You will enjoy going out, enjoying the company of your friends, so you will be happy (have positive utility) with whatever restaurant choice is made. You could go to a fast food restaurant and be happy. You would be even happier (have more total utility) going to a fancy restaurant, but it would cost more. If you spent more for dinner at a fancy restaurant, you would have less money left over for other things. So, which option would be better, fast food or fancy restaurant?
The answer is that you would choose whichever one gives you the most utility per unit of cost. The value you place on a fast food meal, divided by its cost, can be compared to the value you place on dining in a fancy restaurant, divided by its cost. You would choose the one that gives you the highest value (utility) per unit of cost.
This concept - maximizing marginal utility per unit of cost - applies as well to a series of choices. Each choice depends in part on previous choices. Each subsequent time that the same choice is made will provide less total utility than the previous time that particular choice was made (diminishing marginal utility). But presumably, the cost will be the same: lower benefit, same cost.
Therefore, the marginal utility per unit of cost will change over a series of choices.
In order to maximize total utility from a given budget, the budget will be spent over a series of choices, each one based on maximizing utility per cost, and each choice giving less utility per cost than the previous time that choice was made, until the income is spent with the marginal utility per cost for each option being equal.
This is called consumer equilibrium, or the equimarginal principle. Consumer equilibrium can be shown mathematically as:
MU(A)/P(A) = MU(B)/P(B) =...MU(X)/P(X)
where A = one option, B = another option, and X represents each additional option to be considered.
All of this talk about utility leads to the reasons behind a downward sloping demand curve. Each individual consumer will allocate income among the various consumer choices in such a way that the ratio MU/P for each consumer good will be equal.
If the price of one good increases relative to other goods, then the ratio MU/P will decrease, and the consumer will purchase this good in a smaller quantity. If the price of one good decreases relative to other goods, then the ration MU/P will increase, and the consumer will purchase this good in a higher quantity. For each individual consumer and each individual good, more will be purchased as the price decreases. This means that an individual's demand curve for each good is downward sloping. Notice that this involves price changes relative to the prices of other goods.
The market demand curve is simply the sum of all individual demand curves. With decreasing marginal utility and consumer equilibrium, the result is a downward sloping demand curve.


Fitting a toilet
Fitting a toilet, which in most circumstances will mean you are changing old for new, is straightforward if you are easily able to isolate the water supply, and both waste and supply pipes do not need major alterations in positioning. Below is shown the installation of a close-coupled toilet. The cistern is positioned on top of the pan, and much of the weight of the cistern is taken by the pan. When fitting a toilet that has the cistern higher up the wall (a low-level or high-level design), you must have strong fixing points to support the cistern weight. For masonry walls this is not a problem, but for hollow walls, cistern fixings must go into the wooden studs. You may have to cut some plasterboard away, fit a nogging (horizontal wooden support) to align with fixing points, and re-board the hole and plaster over before fixing on the wall.
When removing an old close coupled toilet, a good basic guide to follow is:-
 1. Turn off the water supply at the shut-off valve.
 2. Flush the toilet to remove as much water from the cistern as possible.
 3. Use a cup to remove water from the toilet bowl/pan.
 4. Unscrew the screws at the base of the bowl/pan.
 5. Undo the retaining screws inside the cistern that secure it to the wall.
 6. With both disconnected, now ease the bowl and cistern away from the wall, allowing the waste pipe to disengage from the pan connector.
parts of toilet cistern assembling toilet cistern
1. When assembling the new toilet, the main work will be putting the cistern together. Lay out all toilet parts to check you have everything. 2. Follow the manufacturer's guide to assembling the inner part of the cistern. This will vary from toilet to toilet depending on the type of flush valve.
tightening joints on toilet inlet pipe positioning bolts and washers in toilet cistern
3. Make sure that all parts are tightened where specified, but not overtightened. Where possible, hand tighten only. If you use pliers, do so gently. 4. In most cases, the cistern will have bolts that connect it to the toilet bowl. Make sure you thread on any washers in the correct order.
positioning close couple washer and cistern inserting pan connector for toilet
5. Make sure that the large close couple washer is positioned correctly on the top of the pan and then lower the cistern carefully in place. 6. Insert a pan connector into the waste pipe, ensuring that it is a snug fit. In this installation a simple straight connector is required.
toilet and pan connector position pushing toilet into pan connector
7. Place the toilet next to the waste pipe. Check that pipes are aligned. Most are a standard height, but if not, you may need an offset pan connector. 8. Gently push the toilet in place allowing the waste to connect with the pan connector. Make sure that the waste pipe goes right into the connector collar.
checking toilet cistern is level marking toilet fixing positions
9. Ensure the cistern is level by placing a spirit level along the back against the wall. Mark off the fixing holes through the back of the cistern. 10. Check that the toilet pan is level, and mark through the fixing holes in the base of the pan. Be as accurate as possible.
making pencil guideline around the edge of the toilet pan
11. Mark around the edge of the pan with a pencil. This will ensure that you know the exact position of the base when it comes to the final fitting. 12. Pull the toilet away from the wall. Drill fixing holes for the cistern through the marks on the wall. Choose and insert wall plugs according to the wall surface.
using silicone sealant with toilet
13. Drill pilot holes for the pan through the marks on the floor. Choose and insert wall plugs according to the floor surface. For wooden floors (as shown here) no plugs are required. 14. Apply a generous bead of silicone around the inner edge of the marked pencil line, where the toilet base will finally be seated.
fixing toilet cistern in place screwing toilet pan in place
15. Position the toilet once again, carefully onto the sealant and screw the cistern in place. Use the washers provided – do not overtighten. 16. Insert screws at the base of the toilet to fix the pan to the floor. Again, use the washers provided and do not overtighten.
connecting cold water supply for toilet turning on isolation valve for toilet supply
17. Reconnect the cold water supply. It may be necessary to use a flexible connector depending on the position of the new inlet pipe on the cistern. 18. Turn on the water supply at the isolation valve and check for leaks along the pipe at all the joins. Also check whether the pan connector is leak free.
fitting toilet seat applying silicone sealant around the base of the toilet pan
19. Fit the seat by inserting bolts through the pan and adding washers and nuts as provided. Adjust as necessary to fit the exact toilet bowl shape. 20. Apply a final, continuous bead of silicone all the way around the base of the toilet pan and smooth off with a damp sponge for a neat finish.
Further toilet fitting considerations
 - Where waste pipes go down through the floor rather than out through the wall, normally the technique remains the same for connection. A right-angled pan connector is required, but this is the only main difference. If in doubt, ask a professional about the different types of pan connector available.
 - When fitting a toilet, it is always best to bed the toilet pan on silicone sealant to take up any unevenness in the floor surface. Small wooden/plastic wedges may also be used to get the pan level, but ensure there are enough, and that they are bedded on silicone to evenly distribute the weight.
 - If you are changing the floor height in your bathroom, waste and supply pipes will also need to be adjusted. A small difference can be overcome using offset pan connectors and a flexible pipe connector for the cold water supply. For larger differences, more advanced plumbing skills will be required.
 - When fixing into surfaces, take great care not to hit any hidden pipes or cables. A cable, pipe, and stud detector will help you find safe fixing points.
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Sony has said dogs can learn social skills from its new Aibo robot dog.
A Sony mammalogist, Tadaki Imaizumi, conducted an experiment in which 13 dogs were introduced to the robot. Imaizumi said the dogs recognised the robot as a "living creature" and showed a sense of friendship and concern to them.
Nine dogs were said to have approached the robot and attempted to sniff its scent during the first stage of the experiment, while six sniffed its rear in an attempt to make communication. Some dogs were too scared to approach the Aibo, observing from a distance and refusing to get closer.
As the experiment continued, Aibos were introduced to the homes of the dogs, where dogs were reported to have learned the robot's name, performed tricks in unison with it and licking the robot when they were told Aibo was leaving indicating they wanted it to stay.
Having a companion can provide lonely dogs with psychological stability according to Imaizumi. He said: "I glimpsed that living with Aibo may help dogs to develop something similar to compassion, and help them grow."


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The UNI/DMACC teacher education program is singly focused on the offering of a course sequence at DMACC Ankeny, Boone and Carroll Campuses that will lead to a degree from the UNI in Elementary Education.
All students must meet the regular requirements as specified by the University of Northern Iowa. This will include:
- The students will move through the program in groups called cohorts.
- Completion of an AA degree or equivalent course work.
- Enter UNI with a minimum 2.5 GPA.
- Tuition will be the regular UNI tuition for UNI classes and DMACC tuition for DMACC classes.
- Program and course requirements will be the same as those required of UNI campusbased students.
- Minimum of 130 credits : 74 DMACC, 56 UNI.
- Satisfactory completion of PRAXIS I for admission to Teacher Ed.
- Satisfactory completion of PRAXIS II before graduation for licensure recommendation.
- Maintain 2.5 GPA throughout program.
- All methods of teaching classes must be taken from UNI - no exceptions.
- To graduate with honors from UNI a total of 60 UNI credits must be completed.
- Completion of either the Middle Level major plus 2 endorsements OR just completing 1 or more endorsement.


Massimo Bordignon, Enrico Minelli
Efficienza delle regole e responsabilizzazione dei politici
 - Abstract
Informations and abstract
Allocative and redistributive rules in the public sector are often less contingent on available information than normative theory would suggest. In this paper we offer a political economy explanation. Under different rules, even if the observable outcomes of policies remain the same, the informational content which can be extracted by these observations is different. Simpler rules are more transparent because they allow citizens to gain more information on politicians. Since there are limits to what voters can observe, this may be a relevant insight into the functioning of the political system. We present several institutional examples supporting our argument and discuss a simple model which supports our theory. By using the same model, we also carefully discuss the links and the differences with several other strands of literature, such as the macroeconomic trade-off between rules and discretionality and the principal-supervisor-agent model in the regulatory context. Finally, we offer suggestions for further developments and possible empirical tests of the theory dicussed here.
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Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
D1 and d2 are parameters that are characteristic of the crusher They are determined primarily by the setting of the crusher Data from operating crusher machines indicate that both d1 and d2 are proportional to the closed side setting d1 is the smallest sie particle that can be retained in the crushing one during the opening phase of the cycle.
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Pet owners who are keen on buying mice are quite rightly to be confused whether to put more than one mouse in a cage or not. Some experts say that mice are social creatures so definitely need company, while some say that putting two mice or more into the same cage will lead to fighting and therefore sometimes injury or worse.
In this guide, we look at how to introduce two pet mice into the same cage safely as we believe that mice do prefer to have some sort of company in their cage. We look at the logistics and practicalities of putting mice of the same sex and mice of a different gender into the same cage as well as ways ultimately for the introduction to be as safe and trouble free as possible.
1. Introduce Them When They Are Very Young
One of the key ways of introducing mice into the same cage, not to mention the easiest, is to introduce them when they are as young as possible. It makes sense as they grow up used to each other, much like human children do with full knowledge of each other. It means they have a dynamic of their own set up before any other behavioral problems are learnt which can lead to fighting by mice when they are older and introduced to a cage with other inhabitants. If you introduce them in this way, it does not matter what genders you introduce – whether two males or two females.
2. Use A New Cage
This may sound like another obvious idea, but it is so easy to forget too. If you introduce two mice to each other, it will help your end goal so much if you do so in a new cage. That cage will act like neutral territory so that neither of them feel that their home is being invaded and that they have to protect where they live. If you do not want to buy a new cage, try introducing them in a high sided box first that is free from any smells that have come from a mouse marking his or her territory. In the interim, clean out the old cage as best you can to remove any smells that have been implanted there by the then resident mouse. This is particularly the case with male mice.
3. Use The Power Of Scent
Some mouse experts recommend using the smell of vanilla to help with introducing new mice to each other. The scientific reasoning is that this incredibly strong smell results in all mice smelling the same. From there, a mouse's instinct is that it is far easier to accept the other mouse as a friend. This is not a proven fool proof way of introducing mice to each other, but it has been recommended by enough people that it has worked enough times for it at least to be worth a shot at trying.
4. Choose Your Time Carefully
Like humans, there is a time of day where a person is more pliable than at others. With mice, this time is usually just before they go to sleep. Try introducing your two new pets at that point. You may have to watch them carefully first to ensure that you are confident of their sleep patterns. The idea behind this school of thought is that mice will naturally be calmer when tired as well as happier to snuggle up to each other for warmth before falling asleep. This is a bonding act that will bring them closer together so that they do not fight in future.
5. Introduce Them Little And Often
As with so many things in life, one of the best ways forward when introducing mice to each other, doing it little and often can reap rewards. This is a softly softly approach that may take longer but hopefully the short term pain will be the long term gain as your mice are more likely to grow used to each other over a period of time as opposed to being thrown in at the deep end. To make this approach as efficient as possible, set aside a time every day or every other day to introduce your mice to each other. Make that time longer and longer each time so that it then becomes possible to leave them living in the same cage together.
6. Let Them Have A Small Scrap
This may sound counterintuitive, but sometimes it can be a good idea to let your mice fight each other. In the animal kingdom, it is a way of letting them assert what the common hierarchy will be going forward which is necessary to almost every species out there. Just because they are mice does not mean that there will not be an alpha mouse in the cage that tends to rule the roost. To get to the stage where all inhabitants of a cage are happy with the hierarchy, they may well have to have a fight in the first instance. Just keep a close eye on them so that you can break it up if it gets too violent.
All these tips can be used in conjunction with one another to further aid the introduction of your pet mice to each other. In doing so, you should hopefully be far more successful than simply putting your two mice together in the same cage from the outset and hoping for the best. It is particularly important to watch your mice in the first 24 hours of introduction, if not the first week. Hopefully, by the end of that time, they should have at least reached an accord so that you can be happy in the knowledge that they won't harm each other.


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Washington, Aug 9 (IANS) The formation in the air of sulphuric acid, which smells like rotten eggs, is significantly impacting our climate and health, says a study.
The study led by Roy Lee Mauldin III, research associate at the University of Colorado-Boulder's atmospheric and oceanic sciences department, charts a previously unknown chemical pathway for the formation of sulphuric acid, which can trigger both increased acid rain and cloud formation as well as harmful respiratory effects on humans.
Sulphuric acid plays an essential role in the Earth's atmosphere, from the ecological impacts of acid precipitation to the formation of new aerosol particles, which have significant climatic and health effects. Our findings demonstrate a newly observed connection between the biosphere and atmospheric chemistry, Mauldin was quoted as saying in the journal Nature.
More than 90 percent of sulphur dioxide emissions are from fossil fuel combustion at power plants and other industrial facilities, says the US Environmental Protection Agency, according to a university statement.
Other sulphur sources include volcanoes and even ocean phytoplankton. Sulphur dioxide reacts with hydroxide to produce sulphuric acid that can form acid rain, harmful to terrestrial and aquatic life on Earth.
Airborne sulphuric acid particles, which form in a wide variety of sizes, play the main role in the formation of clouds, which can have a cooling effect on the atmosphere, Mauldin said.
Most of the lab experiments for the study were conducted at the Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research in Leipzig, Germany.