. For that, an underlying surface should me made a parent of the Mesh Clutter node. (If there are some nodes in the hierarchy between a terrain or mesh node and Mesh Clutter, intersections will still be checked.)
A parent for intersection can only be a terrain or a mesh object. The mesh should be terrain-like, i.e. it should have only one surface vertically, along the Z coordinate.
Mesh Clutter performs only one vertical intersection testing with parent mesh geometry. If there are surfaces underneath the upper surface, they will be ignored. For example, to scatter reference nodes across the whole sphere, two hemisphere meshes need to be used.
Intersection After the Intersection box is checked, objects will be scattered across the surface of the parent object.
 - It does not matter if the Mesh Clutter is bigger than the parent object in size - the scattering area will be still be limited to parent object surfaces.
Orientation This option allows to set a parent surface normal vector as the initial orientation for scattered objects. It means, if the surface in some place is vertical, the up direction for objects over will be actually pointing to the side.
 - They can be still randomly rotated but relative the orientation of the parent normal.
 - This parameter is enabled only if Intersection option is checked.
Angle Just like in the case with grass, the scattering can take into account how steep the slope is.
 - By the minimum value of 0, it makes no difference how flat or how tilted the surface over which the Clutter objects are scattered.
 - The bigger the value is, the flatter the place should be for objects to be scattered over it. As the value increases, at first steep slopes are ignored and then flatter ones become bare.
 - By the maximum value of 1, the objects can be scattered only over perfectly horizontal surface.
 - This parameter is enabled only if Intersection option is checked.
Last update: 2018-06-04
Build: ()


Definitions for
Overview of noun retentivity
The noun retentivity has 3 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. memory, retention, retentiveness, retentivity
(the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger")
2. retentiveness, retentivity
(the property of retaining possessions that have been acquired)
3. retentiveness, retentivity, retention
(the power of retaining liquid; "moisture retentivity of soil") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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text:
State law requires the Department of Early Learning (DEL) to conduct
background checks on anyone who is authorized to care for or have
unsupervised access to children in licensed child care facilities.
DEL issues portable background checks, valid for three years, which can
be submitted through the
Managed Education and Registry Information Tool (MERIT).
Individuals associated with a licensed facility must register in MERIT and have a STARS ID. This includes:
- The licensed provider.
- Anyone who cares for or has unsupervised access to children in licensed child care.
- Anyone age 13 or older who live in the licensed family child care home.
Visit MERIT online:
- Sign in if you already have a STARS ID.
- Apply for a STARS ID if you do not have one.
- Click on the "application" tab.
- Click "Portable Background Check Application." Follow all the instructions.
Send payment as instructed. The processing costs are:
- $12 for online submission through MERIT $24 when a background check paper application is submitted.
First-time applicants must complete the fingerprint process. Individuals must submit a new application prior to the expiration date of the active
background check application. If this is not done then the individual must complete the fingerprint check process. Licensed providers can track the
background check clearances for employees and applicable household members through the MERIT facility registration process.
Background check forms:
People who are unable to submit their application electronically through
MERIT may submit a paper application.
Fingerprint-based background checks:
DEL contracts with Safran/MorphoTrust to conduct the fingerprint process. This website has a list of locations where
the fingerprint process is conducted. When the fingerprint process is required, an individual will receive a fingerprint appointment
form via email. Use the form to schedule an appointment.
The fee for fingerprinting is:
- $43.50 for applicants working in a licensed child care facility
- $42.50 for applicants volunteering in a licensed child care facility.
Additional fingerprint instructions
Request a copy of results:
Individuals may request a copy of their completed background check
application including any supporting documents. To make the request submit
the Request for Background Check form.
Requirements for individuals wishing to share their background check results with OSPI can be found
Contact your local

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


March 4, 2021
Abandoned lighthouse on Great Isaac Cay
Great Isaac Cay is a small Bahamian island located about 20 miles NNE of the Bimini Islands. It is accessible only by boat. And it is so small that it's not visible on google map or google earth. The most prominent feature of the island is its lighthouse, which was erected in 1859.
In the late 19th century local lore tells of a ship wreck on the island with one survivor, an infant. The child's distraught mother, known as the Grey Lady, is said to haunt the island to this very day, wailing in sorrow during the full moon.
On August 4, 1969, the station was discovered to have been abandoned by its two keepers, who were never found. The keepers' house, cistern, and assorted buildings are crumbling into ruins. The Lighthouse looks abandoned but is actually still in use, fully automated.
It is also claimed to be haunted!


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Ontario overall benefits from the pole shift in that it will arrive at a warmer climate, will have ocean access from the Hudson Bay and what will become the St. Lawrence Bay, and will be a land bridge supporting travel between the lands to what is now the west and east. Ontario has land to the north that is of a low enough elevation to be swallowed by the melting poles. This will consume a good half of Ontario, but will bring the Hudson Bay closer to survivors huddled in the highlands. Fishing will be good in the oceans after the shift, as the high level of carbon dioxide will make the oceans lush with vegetation, and sea food will follow in becoming abundant. As a land bridge, Ontario might find itself with barter and communication opportunities, also.
Note Great Lakes commentary.
Note East Coast Migration commentary.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
of the natural world, including the wildlife, and flora and fauna, are in a state of permanent flux," said Shouerholts.
He sees programmes to set up so-called "peace parks" – national parks lying on the borders of estranged countries, overlapping their frontiers – as a means of "easing tension between the countries and starting a dialogue.
"I think the opening of such a programme concerning the Akhurian reservoir would certainly promote the establishment of friendly relations between the two countries."
This article was originally published on _URL_
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


text:
A Content Component is a chunk
A content component may also contain a dynamic and interactive element that implements a Web Application
For example, a login form may be implemented in a Content Block
. And navigation
elements are interactive content.
The term component has a long history outside of content management that influences its use in CM. In DCOM
, the distributed component is an object with code and data capable of providing a remote service by executing internal methods or procedures.
In the Page Generation?
phase, a Content Management
assembles chunks of content into a full web page by executing server-side procedures for each chunk, which they often refer to as content components or objects.
Programming and Design also uses the term component to describe an object.
Major Enterprise Content Management
system providers sell their systems as a collection of independently purchasable modules or components.
coined the term Component Content Management and wrote a white paper
on the CCMS


text:
Every now and then people will contact me with a question about how I did this requirement or that. One question I have received a few times is "What are the rules for Tell It Like It Isn't for Tiger Achievement 4?"
The instructions can be found in the Tiger handbook, but I think sometimes as den leaders we look at something and think it must be more complicated. Tell It Like It Isn't is the game most of us know as Telephone. Yes, it really is that simple.
Tell It Like It Isn't
- Have the Cub Scouts sit in a circle.
- The first Cub Scout whispers something in the next Cub Scout's ear.
- He whispers what he thinks he heard in the next Cub Scout's ear.
- This continues around the circle until it is whispered to the last Cub Scout. He says what he heard.
- The first person says what the phrase really was.
- Continue with a few additional phrases, letting somebody different go first each time.
- Take the suggestion in the Tiger handbook that you use this to start a discussion about how things we hear might not always be accurate and especially how this applies to gossip. This is definitely a teachable moment.
- Rather than just letting the first Cub Scout make up something to say to the second, I always provided some index cards with some phrases. This served two purposes. First, when the whispering stops, the first Cub Scout can look at the card to remember what he said. Yes they sometimes forget that quickly! Second, it ensures that they will be passing a phrase which is appropriate instead of something inappropriate.


text: During the past ∼50 years, the number and area of lakes have declined in several regions in boreal forests. However, there has been substantial finer-scale heterogeneity; some lakes decreased in area, some showed no trend, and others increased. The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanisms underlying heterogeneous trends in closed-basin lake area. Eight lake characteristics (δ18O, electrical conductivity, surface : volume index, bank slope, floating mat width, peat depth, thaw depth at shoreline, and thaw depth at the forest boundary) were compared for 15 lake pairs in Alaskan boreal forest where one lake had decreased in area since ∼1950, and the other had not. Mean differences in characteristics between paired lakes were used to identify the most likely of nine mechanistic scenarios that combined three potential mechanisms for decreasing lake area (talik drainage, surface water evaporation, and terrestrialization) with three potential mechanisms for nondecreasing lake area (subpermafrost groundwater recharge through an open talik, stable permafrost, and thermokarst). A prioriexpectations of the direction of mean differences between decreasing and nondecreasing paired lakes were generated for each scenario. Decreasing lakes had significantly greater electrical conductivity, greater surface : volume indices, shallower bank slopes, wider floating mats, greater peat depths, and shallower thaw depths at the forest boundary. These results indicated that the most likely scenario was terrestrialization as the mechanism for lake area reduction combined with thermokarst as the mechanism for nondecreasing lake area. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the growing season, thereby increasing plant growth, floating mat encroachment, transpiration rates, and the accumulation of organic matter in lake basins. The transition to peatlands associated with terrestrialization may provide a transient increase in carbon storage enhancing the role of northern ecosystems as major stores of global carbon.


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Hartford Hospital has recently discovered an original "Mrs. Chase"… (STEPHEN DUNN, Hartford…)
Long before there was "Annie," the iconic doll used for CPR-training classes, there was "Mrs. Chase."
Created in 1911, the lifesize Mrs. Chase doll is the first known doll to have been designed specifically for training health care workers. The original was built in Rhode Island for Hartford Hospital, which — to the surprise of just about everyone at the hospital — still has it.
A few weeks ago Steven Donahue, director of the hospital's Center for Education, Simulation and Innovation, was putting together a brochure about the hospital's training mannequins. A Google search he did revealed that simulation mannequins began with the Mrs. Chase doll and that Hartford Hospital had the very first.
It was the first that Donahue ever had heard of Mrs. Chase, and he doubted the doll was still in the hospital after 101 years.
"I figured, no way could we still have it around," he said, but he mentioned it to Steven Lytle, the hospital's archivist. Lytle confirmed that there was a Mrs. Chase in the hospital's archives and retrieved it, which was wearing an original, hand-stitched Hartford Hospital gown.
Aside from a few paint chips, the mannequin is surprisingly well-preserved. It will be part of an exhibit at the hospital on the history of medical training mannequins. Rebecca Stewart, spokeswoman for the hospital, said the exhibit is tentatively scheduled for May.
The mannequin was created by Martha Jenks Chase, of Pawtucket, R.I., who went into business making dolls as children's toys in 1901. Her dolls were popular because they were lightweight and sturdy but still had some of the realistic features of porcelain dolls sold in stores. Within a few years, Chase's dolls were advertised nationally and sold at Macy's and FAO Schwartz.
At the request of A. Lauder Sutherland, principal of the Hartford Hospital Training School, Chase made an adult-sized mannequin for nurse training in 1911. Sutherland, who had gotten tired of the makeshift, straw-filled dummies her nurses had been using, was impressed by Chase's lightweight and durable dolls.
Chase jokingly named the doll Miss Demon Strator, but eventually the handful of training dolls she made became known as "Mrs. Chase." In 1914, Chase created "Arabella," an upgraded version that allowed nurses to practice arm injections. Chase died in 1925, but the M.J. Chase Co. continued in business until 1981.
Most of what is known about the origins of Mrs. Chase is from the research of Eleanor Krohn Herrmann, a professor emeritus of nursing at UConn. She started researching the doll about 15 years ago after she happened to mention Mrs. Chase to a nursing student.
"She looked at me like I had four foreheads," said Herrmann, who lives in Wallingford. Although the Mrs. Chase doll was once ubiquitous in nurses' training classes, Herrmann said very little was known about the doll or her creator.
"So I wanted to know where this Mrs. Chase came from, and began looking," she said.
Mrs. Chase was used to train nurses how to dress a patient, turn her over and transfer her from bed to bed. Outfitted with movable joints at the hips, arms and legs, the dolls were designed with some help from Chase's husband, who was a doctor.
Next to today's simulation medical dolls, Mrs. Chase is decidedly low-tech. You can't give her CPR or injections. Compare that to SimMan 3G, better known to Hartford Hospital staff as "Tommy," who can sweat, bleed and have seizures. In the next room is "Jennifer," another state-of-the-art mannequin who "delivers" a simulation of a newborn baby. The robotic mother-to-be even screams to make the scenario more realistic. Donahue said the next-generation software might include cursing as well, "although we're trying to be sensitive about it."
These medical training mannequins all were made by Laerdal, a Norwegian company, which has dominated the market for decades. Jon Laerdal, a strategic marketing manager for the company, got a chance to see the Mrs. Chase doll when he visited Hartford Hospital last month to present some new software. As amedical mannequin cognoscente, Laerdal long had known of Mrs. Chase but had never seen one of the dolls.
"It was unbelievable how good look she looked for a 100-year-old doll," he said.
The Laerdal company began in the 1940s, with the creation of Resusci Annie, now the well-known CPR doll. Legend within the small community of CPR historians has it that Annie's likeness was based on the death mask of a young woman from Paris who drowned herself in the Seine River after a love affair went sour.
"My grandfather, the founder of the company, saw the death mask hanging on the wall of his parents-in-law when he was searching for the face of Resusci Annie," Laerdal said. "Now she's referred to as the mannequin that went from the mask of tragedy to the kiss of life."
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text:
This tribal group is a product of intermarriage between the Ilocanos of the lowlands and a different indigenous cultural community of the Cordillera. They are settled between the mountain ranges of Ilocos and the borders of the Ilocos Provinces. La Union and Pangasinan. They are the medium build physically, although some resembles the kankana-eys having fair complexion and sturdy built.
Being of Iloco-Cordillera descent, they practice simple, ordinary methods of agriculture. Immersion within Ilocos crash cropping is very households, tobacco-drying barns are readily found together with harvests of garlic and onion. Their farming methods and practices include a system to initiate farm workers at harvest time through a working relationship known as gamal, ammuy and bunggoy.
Prominent members of Bago indigenous group are former Governor Lupo Biteng of Ilocos Sur and his son Jonathan Biteng who also rose to become the Municipal Mayor of the same town.
Today Bago Mayors have founded a league of their own known as Ilocos Sur Upland Towns Association basically to serve as a springboard for higher political authorities to listen and need their aspiration and development thrusts.


Empire Waists, Bustles and Lace is an exciting exhibition of the Museum's collection of historic dresses. When viewed in conjunction with the John Singer Sargent exhibition, the show enables visitors to see and experience a broader historical context of men's and women's fashion. Even though upstate New York was considered the edge of the western frontier in the 19th century, residents of the area kept up with New York City and the world in terms of fashion. The exhibition includes the oldest known example of a dress with a label, stunning examples of Empire, Romantic and Civil War era dresses and turn-of-the-20th century (Sargent era) items. Additionally, visitors will be able to peek at what was worn underneath the dresses which were vital to giving them their distinctive shapes.
Supported in part by The Coby Foundation.


text:
View print version
The Grand Canyon of the South: The Walls of Jericho
July 06, 2005
The Walls of Jericho in Jackson County, Alabama, is being called "The Grand Canyon of the South." More than 10,000 hikers, amateur photographers, birdwatchers and horseback riders have explored this natural marvel since it opened in August 2004. Alabama Gov. Bob Riley officially dedicated the area in April 2005.
"On a nice weekend, 300 people a day visit the Walls," says Greg Lein, assistant director of the State Lands Division of the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. "The response has truly exceeded our expectations. It's one of the most popular properties we've ever had."
In the late 1700s, Davy Crockett explored the area since his family owned land there. A traveling minister came upon the Walls of Jericho in the late 1800s and was so captivated by the cathedral-like beauty that he declared it needed a biblical name and the name stuck. Today, visitors continue to be drawn to the grandeur of the narrow gorge. You can travel to the bottom of its 50-yard-wide limestone bowl and look up at 200-foot-tall cliffs on each side. In a heavy rain, water shoots out of holes and cracks in the rock. Flora and fauna are abundant.
The gorge is just one piece of The Walls of Jericho tract, which was purchased by the State of Alabama's Forever Wild Land Trust, with the help of The Nature Conservancy in 2004, as part of its mandate to acquire land for public use. The entire tract of land is comprised of 21,453 acres-12,510 acres in Alabama and 8,943 acres in Tennessee. The only public access to the land is in Jackson County, Alabama. The property adjoins the Skyline Wildlife Management Area. A 100-mile trail system is presently in the planning stages, expanding future opportunities to enjoy the tract's many features.
What to See
The upper Paint Rock River watershed, which harbors the Walls of Jericho, supports a diverse array of wildlife, including salamanders, 100 species of fish, 45 species of mussel and plenty of birds. Most notable:
- The rare Tennessee cave salamander, which can be found only in Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia
- Five globally imperiled mussels and 12 globally rare mussels are found in the Paint Rock River and its tributaries.
- The pale lilliput and Alabama lampshell mussel-this is the only place in the world where they exist.
- The federally endangered palezone shiner is a fish confined to the Paint Rock River and one stream in Kentucky.
- Three globally imperiled fish, the sawfin shiner, blotchside logperch and the federally threatened snail darter are found in the Paint Rock River. (Source: Nature Conservancy.)
Things to Do
Approximately 10 miles of trails have been built to provide access to the Walls of Jericho and its waterfalls. Getting started is easy. It is a 2.5-mile hike one way, downhill to Clarke Cemetery, with an additional half mile remaining to travel into the Walls. That means the walk back will be mostly uphill and strenuous. Hikers should wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water. The trail is well marked and hikers have to cross several shallow streams. However, stream levels rise quickly during thunderstorms and crossing them can be hazardous due to swift currents. After a rain shower, the trail can be muddy for days. On dry days, hikers should plan on a minimum of six hours to make the round-trip, which includes a two-hour stay in the gorge.
A separate 8.3-mile-long horse trail leading into the gorge is also available. Primitive camping is allowed in designated areas, including the parking area for the horse trail.
The Walls of Jericho is also perfect for photographers. Some unique flowers and trees to capture on film or with a digital camera include the yellow lady slipper, pink lady slipper, showy orchid, nodding trillium, smoke tree, yellow buckeye and basswood.
Birdwatchers will enjoy seeing migratory songbirds, such as the cerulean warbler, and nonmigratory birds, such as the ruffed grouse.
Jackson County also has the highest concentration of caves of any county in the United States and is a well-known destination for spelunkers from across the United States.
Local accommodations can be sought through Jackson County Tourism. Contact them at _EMAIL_.
How to Get There
The Walls of Jericho is located in Jackson County about 25 miles northwest of Scottsboro off of Highway 79.
- From Huntsville, Ala., go North on Highway 72. Take a left on Highway 79 to the Skyline/Hytop community. The Walls of Jericho tract is just north of Hytop; Highway 79 goes through the tract.
- From Nashville, Tenn., take I-24 east toward Chattanooga. Take Exit 127 on Highway 64 and turn toward Winchester. Stay on Highway 64 for about 15 miles and turn south on Highway 16. Just after crossing into Alabama, look on the right for a gravel parking area with a yellow gate and an information kiosk. Park there and follow directions on the map at the trailhead.
The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources promotes the statewide stewardship and enjoyment of Alabama's natural resources to ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy them. The department also advises the state government on management of freshwater fish, wildlife, marine resources, waterway safety, state lands, state parks and other natural resources. This includes the administration, management and maintenance of 22 state parks, 23 public fishing lakes, three freshwater fish hatcheries, 34 wildlife management areas, two waterfowl refuges, three nature centers, two wildlife sanctuaries, a mariculture center with 35 ponds and 645,000 acres of trust lands. Other departmental functions include maintenance of a State Land Resource Information Center and administration of the Forever Wild land-acquisition program.


text:
ZomeTools - Zome Systems
The ZomeTools - Zome System
, is a fantastic Geometry Education system. Made of precision molded ABS plastic, the ZomeTools Geometry kits are versatile manipulative tools for problem solving and hands-on exploration of math, geometry and science concepts for first graders through grad students. Color and shape coded parts integrate the concepts of shape, number and vector into one coherent geometry system. The result is the best educational geometry construction system on the market. Zome System / ZomeTools components are designed to incorporate the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Proportion - the very same proportions that govern the growth of cells, crystals and other natural forms.
connector node provides 62 buildable directions in space. This allows thousands of geometrical Zome structures
that can't be built in any other system.
With the help of Zometools you can continue to explore: Why so many everyday items like balls, pizzas, and can lids are round. The hows and whys of the development of our number system by the ancient Greeks. Why geometric shapes show up so often in art, science and board games. What properties attributed to the spiral make it the most widespread shape in nature, from embryos and hair curls to hurricanes and galaxies. How the human body shares the design of a corn plant and the solar system. How a snowflake is like Stonehenge, and a beehive like a calendar. How our ten fingers hold the secrets of both a lobster and a cathedral. Zometools provide an introduction to the geometric code of nature and the universe.


text:
Data Docs compiles raw Great Expectations objects including Expectations and Validations into structured documents such as HTML documentation that display key characteristics of a dataset. Together, Data Docs, Profiling, and Validation are the three core services offered by GE.
Data Docs is implemented in the
HTML documentation takes expectation suites and validation results and produces clear, functional, and self-healing documentation of expected and observed data characteristics. Together with profiling, it can help to rapidly create a clearer picture of your data, and keep your entire team on the same page as data evolves.
For example, the default BasicDatasetProfiler in GE will produce validation_results which compile to a page for each table or DataFrame including an overview section:
And then detailed statistics for each column:
The GE DataContext uses a configurable "data documentation site" to define which artifacts to compile and how to render them as documentation. Multiple sites can be configured inside a project, each suitable for a particular data documentation use case.
For example, we have identified three common use cases for using documentation in a data project. They are to:
Visualize all Great Expectations artifacts in the local repo of a project as HTML: expectation suites, validation results and profiling results.
Maintain a "shared source of truth" for a team working on a data project. This documentation renders all the artifacts committed in the source control system (expectation suites and profiling results) and a continuously updating data quality report, built from a chronological list of validations by run id.
Share a spec of a dataset with a client or a partner. This is similar to API documentation in software development. This documentation would include profiling results of the dataset to give the reader a quick way to grasp what the data looks like, and one or more expectation suites that encode what is expected from the data to be considered valid.
To support these (and possibly other) use cases GE has a concept of "data documentation site". Multiple sites can be configured inside a project, each suitable for a particular data documentation use case.
Here is an example of a site:
The behavior of a site is controlled by configuration in the DataContext's great_expectations.yml file.
Users can specify
which datasources to document (by default, all)
whether to include expectations, validations and profiling results sections
where the expectations and validations should be read from (filesystem, S3, or GCS)
where the HTML files should be written (filesystem, S3, or GCS)
which renderer and view class should be used to render each section


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Dwarf Soldiers form the dwarfs' army. They are quite strong fighters and know how to make use of the complex terrain very well. Due to their shortness they can use passages through the mountains where nobody can follow them and attack with their crossbows from hiding-places where nobody expects them.
Dwarf Soldiers have 135 hitpoints. They are strong against earth damage. On the other hand, they are weak against death and fire damage. It takes 360 mana to summon or convince these creatures.
Dwarf Soldiers yield 70 experience points. They carry bolts, gold coins, shovels, soldier helmets, white mushrooms and sometimes other items with them.


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I am using random hot-deck imputation on a repeated measures dataset.
I am tempted to use Rubin's rules for pooling the results of multiple imputation, in particular for regression coefficients. Intuitively it seems the average of the coefficient estimates could be used, but I really don't have any insight about pooling the standard errors and I have not seen any literature about this (Little & Rubin's book seems to be silent on the matter, unless I have missed something)
How can I pool regression coefficient estimates and their standard errors when performing random hot-deck imputation? Pragmatic advice, theoretical justification and/or references to the literature would be most welcome.
Edit: To clarify, by "random hot deck imputation", I mean:
Hot deck imputation involves replacing missing values of one or more variables for a non-respondent (called the recipient) with observed values from a respondent (the donor) that is similar to the non-respondent with respect to characteristics observed by both cases. In some versions, the donor is selected randomly from a set of potential donors, which we call the donor pool; we call these methods random hot deck methods


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In this book, Marvin R. Weisbord and Sandra Janoff describe a three-day program to help organizations develop a future plan. Their conference is designed to unite groups of people from different areas of an organization so they can create a program together that they all support. Typically, the conference includes 50 to 70 people who review the past, explore the present environment, create future scenarios, identify common ground and make action plans. The program encourages dialogue and working together as peers. Future Search suggests how you might organize this program yourself, from setting up the agenda to planning the logistics. Because the book is a specific, practical guide for a particular type of conference, it will primarily interest those leaders and managers who want to put on such a program. getAbstract recommends Future Search as a good hands-on tool for companies, non-profits, government agencies or other organizations that want to hold a future planning conference.
In this summary, you will learn
- How to plan your firm's future using a Future Search conference
- Which five parts constitute a conference
- Which elements will ensure its success.
About the Authors
Marvin R. Weisbord is an internationally-known organizational consultant. He is the author of Productive Workplaces and Discovering Common Ground. Sandra Janoff is a psychologist and consultant. She has designed and facilitated whole-systems processes in the public and private sectors. Together they plan and lead Future Search conferences, coach facilitators and offer public networks. They are partners in a consulting group, Future Search Associates.


ely Oct 14 '11 at 21:09
Use a memory profiler (either on a memory dump, or on your live environment) when your memory exceeds that 500 MB to get a clue which objects take up all that space.
When profiling on your development environment you might see one particular objecttype only grow when surfing around on your site whilst others remain globally the same.
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Whilst it is true that you don't have to explicitly free memory and the garbage collector will do this for you it is possible for code in inadvertently hold a reference to an object to prevent it being collected - this is essentially a memory leak.
In ASP.NET objects remain "alive" whilst they are referenced by the Application and Session cache. Without knowing anything about your application I would suggest you get hold of a memory profiler and look more closely at exactly what is in memory and whether the Application or Session cache is holding onto something it shouldn't.
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text:
In Spirit and In Truth - Ebook
A Doctrinal Study of the Biblical Foundations of the Modern Charismatic Movement
Why another book about the Charismatic movement? With the phenomenal growth of this movement in the 20th century, there has been a distinct lack of material that actually searches the scriptures on this topic. Most books, both for and against Charismaticism, begin with their argumentsSoft Covere and then appeal to the Bible for support.
In Spirit and in Truth is a workbook that examines over 800 relevant scriptures regarding virtually every aspect of the modern Charismatic movement, in a simple, easy-to-read and study format. Comment by the author is kept to a minimum while the reader is asked to look up the scriptures to see what God actually says. The workbook-style format makes it impossible to simply brush over cross-references. The result is a thorough, doctrinal investigation of this topic that will be a blessing to you, regardless of where you currently stand on this issue.
Chapter Topics Include:
- Preparation for Bible Study
- Biblical Salvation
- What Happened to You at Salvation?
- The Ministry of the Holy Spirit - A & B
- Signs, Miracles and Wonders
- The Gifts of the Holy Spirit
- The Gift of Tongues
- The Gifts of Miracles / Casting Out Devils
- The Gifts of Healing
- The Ecumenical Movement
- The Issue of Authority
- Self-study, Small Group or Sunday School
- Suitable whether you consider yourself to be Charismatic or Non-charismatic - the material deals with what the Bible actually says.
- Study Questions at each chapter end
- Scripture Index in the back
- Keyed to the King James Bible
This book is also available in Spanish: click here to view »
In Spirit & In Truth is newly released for the Amazon Kindle.
To purchase on Kindle, click here :


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4 Dice Helps Students Learn to Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide Fractions
4 Dice is an iPad app designed to help students learn to add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions. The app was developed by the same people that built the popular 5 Dice app that helps students learn the order of operations.
In 4 Dice students are shown a fraction and they have to drag four dice into position to complete the arithmetic that will result in the fraction that they were shown. It's kind of like the Jeopardy concept applied to fractions mathematics. There are five modes in 4 Dice. There are the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division modes as well as a challenge mode that randomized the problems. At any point in a series of problems students can pause and use the whiteboard to work out possible solutions to a problem.
4 Dice does ask for an email address, but doesn't ask users to confirm that email address. If your students don't have email addresses you can use the Gmail+1 trick to create dummy addresses for them that you can monitor.
4 Dice costs $0.99. This app is appropriate for elementary and middle school students.


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What is Geocell?
If until now you did not know about the existence of the geogrid, below the article you will definitely be very useful.
Geocell is an organic geosintetik, honeycomb-like form and a wide range of dimensions SOT, which are used, that would keep the fragile soil.
To date, the geogrid is widely used in road construction, industrial construction works, civil engineering and even in the landscape design of the suburban area.
The main advantages of geogrid are considered:
- The durability of the material under all conditions of use. Though the water, even with strong heating of the soil geogrid retains its structure, without emitting harmful toxin in the environment, because. they simply do not.
- Easy Assembly/dismantling. All you need, to lay the geogrid on the compacted soil and fill suitable material (felts sand, felts ground).
- Easily transported. Geocell is sold in rolls and is light in weight, so it can be easily delivered to the construction site.
- Return material. Once having spent money on strengthening the slope with geogrid, you will provide maintenance-free life of the hillside for many years. Besides, to strengthen the slipping slope you will need much more money to build retaining walls and other labor-intensive activities.
- Geogrid copes with his work, the slopes, shores of reservoirs and other structures are protected from erosion and other negative actions of nature.
As you can see the advantages of geogrid quite a lot, therefore, the equipment areas this material is appropriate.
As for the size of the geogrid, they differ in the size of hundreds of cells. These sizes can range from 50/160/160 to 200/320/320, where the indicators are height/length/width.
As mentioned earlier, the geogrid consists of geosintetika, or to be more precise, polymer tape, thick 1,5 mm. Honeycomb geogrid arranged in a checkerboard pattern and fixed by high strength stitches.
The scope of the geogrid
Geogrid is widely used in many construction works. Most often the geogrid used to construct the following objects:
- The construction of roads. Strengthen pavement from the negative effects of wind and water, and also strengthen the road surface on the slopes. Besides the roads, the geogrid used in the construction of viaducts, bridges and even runways.
- In the geoplastics. Or rather in the construction of artificial hills, retaining walls and other materials for landscaping suburban area. As the geogrid is used to protect the lawn from trampling.
- Industrial construction. The geogrid used for reinforcement of ground structures, strengthening of water utilities etc.
- In civil engineering. Here the geogrid serves as a material to strengthen the shoreline of the natural and artificial reservoirs, and as grounds for tennis courts, playgrounds, Parking lots etc.
Above we have listed the most popular areas of use geogrid, and as you can see, for a small time of existence of this material, it is used practically everywhere.
Technology of installation of geogrid with their hands
Technology of installation of geogrid with your hands is simple and it can handle any cottager, loving to do something yourself.
The first thing you need to prepare the area for laying of the geogrid. The soil should be thoroughly compacted manual roller.
Then begin the spreading of the geogrid across the entire surface. For attachment of the geogrid to use l-shaped steel anchor, that can go in the kit.
After, as the geogrid will be carefully placed on the surface and fixed, in the cell fall asleep fertile soil. The height of the falling asleep of the soil must exceed the height of the geogrid on 5 cm.
Well, in the end, the fertile soil on the geogrid carefully rolled hand roller.
This is the technology of installation of geogrid with their hands, as you can see, nothing complicated, but this building work will effectively retain the soil from slipping.
More clearly will show you the process of installation of the geogrid in this video example:
We wish you good luck in setting your country site with modern building materials and technologies!


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Energizing Environments - e2
a Global learning project for k12 students
Your students know it is important for the entire world to be healthy - it is never too soon to make a plan to conserve, protect, and energize their environment, specifically their own school.
This is an ongoing International project that can follow individual classroom lessons on ecosystems, or function as a stand alone project. The entire project may take 1 – 2 weeks depending on the date selected to implement final plans.
Students from around the world share ideas to make their school environments healthier. The global collaboration between students contributes to their final goal, which is to make their school a healthy place. We call this Energizing Environments.
Contact Us: _EMAIL_
© 2010 Energizing Environments


Pathology dictionary
Negative for malignancy
What does negative for malignancy mean?
Negative for malignancy means that no cancer cells were seen when the tissue sample was examined under the microscope. Pathologists use the word malignant to describe cancers.
This result is typically used when only a small sample of tissue is sent for examination under the microscope. This kind of sample could be a biopsy, fine needle aspiration, or Pap smear.
Your pathologist can only provide a diagnosis based on the tissue sample sent for examination. For that reason, negative for malignancy only means that no cancer cells were seen in the small sample examined. If your doctor is still concerned that a cancer may be present, they may recommend performing a second procedure to provide the pathologist with more tissue to examine under the microscope.
The opposite of negative for malignancy is positive for malignancy.
A+ A A-


Interpretations of The Fangly Snafferdoo
From Illogicopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Fangly Snafferdoo is an epic poem of early 21st century literature, in the style of Lewis Caroll's "Hunting of the Snark" with a distinct Seussian influence indicative of people with way too much time on their hands who think they know something. It has created much controversy as to it's possible hidden meanings and contradictory interpretations among literary scholars who specialize in amateur Internet publications of the period such as "blogs" and "tweets" which descended from the pamphlet press of the 15th-20th centuries.
Absurdist/existentialist interpretation[edit]
The total incoherence of the narrative is a metaphor for all of human history: that everything man thinks he has achieved is but sound and fury, signifying nothing, just like how the poem doesn't mean anything. The stage is set for a great epic battle between the hunters and what they hunt which turns out to be trivial and unimportant.
Conspiracy theorist (paranoid) interpretation[edit]
The poem deals with the theme of mind control as when the Snafferdoo can read the hunter's minds and eventually manipulates the whole world. Also, the poem itself is an example of what they want you to think listen to me i am giong to tell you the truth so listen closely before i disappear because they're coming for me now the first thin you need to do is
Dialectical/Hegelian interpretation[edit]
The Snafferdoo cools itself by lying in the sun, which is what most animals do to get warmer. It comes from a land where boiling magma causes icicles to form. The theme of strange temperatures and opposites eventually resolving into a harmony is an allegory of Hegel's concept of the historical dialectic where the thesis and the synthesis conflict with one another but eventually form the synthesis.
Environmentalist interpretations[edit]
Snafferdoo's journey as metaphor for animal rights[edit]
The Snafferdoo seems to be perfectly content in it's natural habitat until it is invaded by man, who trick it into coming to the Zoo to become enslaved by the ways of man who are spoiling the planet. Yet man does not entirely control nature as he thinks, for it's cage is made of cardboard and it has let man win - "chess" in the final line representing the eventual rebellion of the animals against man and the establishment of animal rights. Even though it has been brought to the Zoo, the Snafferdoo is quite capable of competing on an equal level with man and it's talents may cause the children, hunters and zookeepers to realize it's worth as life.
Dire prophecy of climate change[edit]
The "saltless seas" and strange, contradictory temperatures are references to what is happening to the entire Earth due to man's attempts to "make a buck" at the expense of the environment.
Feminist interpretation[edit]
The hunters are male and the Snafferdoo is female. The goals of the hunters to kill or subjugate the Snafferdoo represents male chauvinism but the Snafferdoo's interest in games and competition represents the advancement of women despite the sexist oppression they face.
Freudian interpretation[edit]
The poem is a form of psychosexual expression of the author's deep-seated subconscious wish-fulfillment.
Which is what Freudians say about everything. Also, Rule 34 applies.
Marxist interpretation[edit]
The hunters are bourgeoisie, mercilessly exploiting the proletariat Snafferdoo to "make a buck." It could become the world chess champion without being subjugated to the decadent Zoo of the capitalists if it lived under a more progressive, communist regime.
Objectivist interpretation[edit]
The Fangly Snafferdoo is a story of achievement. The hunters set out on a noble quest to achieve all that life has to offer them (to "make a buck") and meet the Snafferdoo, who is lost in a strange world of mystics. The saltlessness of the sea and the hotness and coldness of the strange land it lives in are symbols of mysticism: things that cannot be understood by reason. The hunters and the Snafferdoo together come to an agreement for their mutual benefit in a form of trade, for clearly the Snafferdoo agrees to come along with them. In the end, the poem demonstrates the virtues of competition by praising the Snafferdoo's ambitions once it has freed itself of the prison of mysticism. Its new home in the Zoo isn't really a prison, for its "cage" is made of cardboard. The strange, faroff island is the real prison and only its own ignorance has kept it there. Now that it is no longer subjugated by mysticism and has high ambitions, its potential is unlimited.
Pacifistic interpretation[edit]
Violence seems about to erupt between the hunters and the Snafferdoo until it proposes a nonviolent way to resolve their conflict. This shows that war is never the answer.
Pro-Life interpretation[edit]
The Fangly Snafferdoo is a parody of modern society's objectification of the concept of personhood. Throughout the work, the Snafferdoo is referred to as an "it" rather than as a "he" or a "she." The hunters believe it is a mere object that can be killed for their own convenience, but the Snafferdoo exhibits traits of personhood. In the end, it is adopted instead of being killed, and it achieves great things. Thus, the Snafferdoo is rather like the unborn, who can reach unknown potential if crisis pregnancies end in adoption rather than abortion.
"The Snafferdoo Code:" Probing the Hidden Secrets of the Island of Hot and Cold[edit]
Hidden within the poem is a series of hidden messages that reveal that whatever the person who discovered them wanted them to be saying is what they are really saying.and that whatever everyone else has always believed the poem is about is naive and unsophisticated. This will enable whoever discovered "The Snafferdoo Code" to sell lots of books and appear on TV.


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Take Website Screenshots with Perl
GrabzIt's screenshot API is very flexible and can be called in many ways such as from a cronjob, a web page or application. The simplest way to add screenshots or HTML to conversion functionality and more to your Perl application is to follow these steps:
- Get your free Application Key and Secret.
- Download the free Perl Library and try out the Demo Application.
- Find out the basics about how GrabzIt's API works by reading the below overview.
Perl API Overview
To use the API you will first need to create an instance of the GrabzItClient class and pass your application key and application secret from your GrabzIt account to the constructor.
# Create the GrabzItClient class
# Replace "APPLICATION KEY", "APPLICATION SECRET" with the values from your account!
$grabzIt = GrabzItClient->new("Sign in to view your Application Key", "Sign in to view your Application Secret");
Then use one of the image, PDF, animation or table methods to capture a URL or convert HTML.
# To take a image screenshot
# Or to take a PDF screenshot
# Or to convert online videos into animated GIF's
# Or to capture table(s)
# To convert HTML into a image
# Or convert HTML into a PDF document
# Or convert HTML into a CSV, XLSX or JSON document
# To convert HTML file into a image
# Or convert HTML file into a PDF document
# Or convert HTML file into a CSV, XLSX or JSON document
Finally use one of the two following save methods. The first save method shown below requires the URL of handler.pl this handler will process the callback from GrabzIt and save the resulting screenshot.
If the recommended Save method above can't be used then the synchonous SaveTo method can be used. However this will force your application to wait while the screenshot is created, it is then automatically saved to the specified file path.
$filepath = "images/result.jpg";
When creating screenshots or converting HTML there are many more options including; configuring the browser height, browser width, screenshot height, screenshot width, the delay before a screenshot is taken and the image format of the screenshot. For all these options and more please see the Client documentation.


Displacement (ship)
The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons.[1] Today, metric tonnes are more commonly used.
Ship displacement varies by a vessel's degree of load, from its empty weight as designed (known as "lightweight tonnage"[2]) to its maximum load. Numerous specific terms are used to describe varying levels of load and trim, detailed below.
Ship displacement should not be confused with measurements of volume or capacity typically used for commercial vessels and measured by tonnage: net tonnage and gross tonnage.
Shipboard stability computer programs can be used to calculate a vessel's displacement
The process of determining a vessel's displacement begins with measuring its draft[3] This is accomplished by means of its "draft marks" (or "load lines"). A merchant vessel has three matching sets: one mark each on the port and starboard sides forward, midships, and astern.[3] These marks allow a ship's displacement to be determined to an accuracy of 0.5%.[3]
The draft observed at each set of marks is averaged to find a mean draft. The ship's hydrostatic tables show the corresponding volume displaced.[4] To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density. Seawater (1025 kg/m3) is more dense than fresh water (1000 kg/m3);[5] so a ship will ride higher in salt water than in fresh. The density of water also varies with temperature.
Devices akin to slide rules have been available since the 1950s to aid in these calculations. Presently, it is done with computers.[6]
Displacement is usually measured in units of tonnes or long tons.[7]
In this 1940 photo, USS Aaron Ward, left, and USS Abel P. Upshur are destroyers of comparable size, but because the latter is more heavily loaded, it sits lower, displacing more water
There are terms for the displacement of a vessel under specified conditions:
Loaded displacementEdit
 - Loaded displacement is the weight of the ship including cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a voyage. These bring the ship down to its "load draft",[8] colloquially known as the "waterline".
 - Full load displacement and loaded displacement have almost identical definitions. Full load is defined as the displacement of a vessel when floating at its greatest allowable draft as established by a classification society (and designated by its "waterline").[9] Warships have arbitrary full load condition established.[9]
Light displacementEdit
 - Light displacement (LDT) is defined as the weight of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, water, ballast, stores, passengers, crew, but with water in boilers to steaming level.[8]
Normal displacementEdit
 - Normal displacement is the ship's displacement "with all outfit, and two-thirds supply of stores, ammunition, etc., on board."[10]
Standard displacementEdit
 - Standard displacement, also known as "Washington displacement", is a specific term defined by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.[11] It is the displacement of the ship complete, fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament and ammunition, equipment, outfit, provisions and fresh water for crew, miscellaneous stores, and implements of every description that are intended to be carried in war, but without fuel or reserve boiler feed water on board.[11]
See alsoEdit
 1. ^ "Ship Tonnage Explained - Displacement, Deadweight, Etc. | GG Archives". _URL_. Retrieved 2019-01-14.
 2. ^ "A Guide to Understanding Ship Weight and Tonnage Measurements – The Maritime Site". _URL_. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
 3. ^ a b c George, 2005. p.5.
 4. ^ George, 2005. p. 465.
 5. ^ Turpin and McEwen, 1980.
 6. ^ George, 2005. p. 262.
 7. ^ Otmar Schäuffelen (2005). Chapman Great Sailing Ships of the World. Hearst Books. p. xix.
 8. ^ a b Military Sealift Command.
 9. ^ a b Department of the Navy, 1942.
 10. ^ United States Naval Institute, 1897. p 809.
 11. ^ a b Conference on the Limitation of Armament, 1922. Ch II, Part 4.


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ICCCS members, structure, activities, standards and accredited education
National societies in cleanroom technology and contamination control often make guidelines that fit the needs of the industries in their country. These guidelines often contain new knowledge. Sometimes these guidelines are used in the development of new standards or the revision of existing standards. In an ISO or CEN standards working group the knowledge of the participating countries is shared, combined and put as a common denominator into a new standard. Through the international standard the knowledge becomes available in the countries that adopt the new standard.In the ISO TC209 recent examples are the standards on cleanroom suitability (ISO 14644-14 and 15), energy efficiency (ISO 14644-16) and particle deposition rate (ISO 14644-17). As an example the monitoring and application of particle deposition rate, the key parameter in contamination control, will be discussed.


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Addressing questions about including environmental effects in the DMSO HLA
Addressing questions about including environmental effects in the DMSO HLA The Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) is developing a High Level Architecture (HLA) to support the DOD Modeling and Simulation (M and S) community. Many, if not all, of the simulations involve the environment in some fashion. In some applications, the simulation takes place in an acknowledged environment without any environmental functionality being taken into account. The Joint Training Federation Prototype (JTFp) is one of several prototype efforts that have been created to provide a test of the DMSO HLA. In addition to addressing the applicability of the HLA to a training community, the JTFp is also one of two prototype efforts that is explicitly including environmental effects in their simulation effort. These two prototyping efforts are examining the issues associated with the inclusion of the environment in an HLA federation. In deciding whether or not to include an environmental federation in the JTFp effort, a number of questions have been raised about the environment and the HLA. These questions have raised the issue of incompatibility between the environment and the HLA and also shown that there is something unique about including the environment in simulations. The purpose of this White Paper, which was developed with inputs from the more »
Enter terms in the toolbar above to search the full text of this document for pages containing specific keywords.


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Learning objectives are a type of ePortfolio item that enable you to take ownership of your learning by allowing you to manage and track personal learning goals.
- Associate learning objectives with artifacts, reflections, collections, and presentations that demonstrate progress toward your learning plan. If you submit a learning objective to a dropbox folder, its associated items go with it.
- Share learning objectives with rubrics attached to them to generate feedback and informal assessment from other ePortfolio users. (Items associated with a learning objective are not available to others unless you specifically share them.)
- Display learning objectives in presentations and add them to collections.
- Submit a learning objective to a dropbox folder for formal assessment. Associated items serve as evidence toward meeting the learning objective.
- Use learning objectives as an organizational tool by categorizing your ePortfolio items by learning experience.
- Delete learning objectives that are no longer relevant to your learning path.
Import learning objectives into your ePortfolio
If you are in an independent studies or co-op program, you might have the ability to directly import learning objectives into your ePortfolio.
- On the My Items page, click Learning Objective from the Add button.
- Click on the course you want to import learning objectives from.
- Select the check boxes beside the learning objectives you want to add.
- Click Import.
Associate items with learning objectives
Do one of the following:
- Click Associate Learning Objective from the context menu of an artifact, reflection, collection, or presentation.
- On the Edit page for an item, click Associate Learning Objectives.
- On the My Items page, select the items you want to associate with a learning objective, then click Associate Learning Objective from the More Actions button.


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Simaltaneously introduces the joys of treasure hunting and coin collecting
This kit will encourage users to not only find buried coins using a special child-sized metal detector, but also learn about the history of the treasure they unearth by researching them in the included child's coin guide. Set up a treasure hunt and let participants find, research, classify and store their coins using all the tools included in this kit.
This makes a nice small group activity for classroom use or independent study. Includes junior metal detector, child's coin guide, 2-in-1 magnifier, plastic trowel, 12-pocket coin wallet, small pouch and U.S. quarters coin folder.
Requires two "9-Volt" batteries (not included).
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.
Recommended for ages 8+.


Optional Meaning in Urdu
Optional meaning in Urdu is Ikhtiari. Similar words of Optional are also commonly used in daily talk like as Optionally, Optionality and Optional Consumption. Pronunciation of Optional in roman Urdu is "Ikhtiari" and Translation of Optional in Urdu writing script is اختیاری.
Optional Definition
- Optional Meaning In English
 1. (a.) Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to ones discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay.
 2. (n.) See Elective, n.
Optional Meaning in Urdu
Utilize the online English to Urdu dictionary to check the Urdu meaning of English word. People often want to translate English words or phrases into Urdu. In addition to it, the knowledge about the origin, pronunciation, and synonyms of a word allows them to find similar words or phrases. Here you can check all definitions and meanings of Optional. However, it will allow you to learn the appropriate use of Optional in a sentence. The example sentences play a good role in this regard.
In the age of digital communication, any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication. In the modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages. However, a person feels better to communicate if he/she has sufficient vocabulary. Here, you can check Optional translation in both Urdu and Roman Urdu language. Access other dictionaries such as English to Arabic, English to French, and English to Hindi to check the Optional meaning in different languages.
Search meanings in Urdu to get the better understanding of the context. You can get more than one meaning for one word in Urdu. You have searched the English word Optional which means "اختیاری" Ikhtiari in Urdu.Optional meaning in Urdu has been searched 18881 (eighteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-one) times till Jan 17, 2021.
کو انگلش میں کیا کہتے ہیں؟
میں بال کٹوانے جا رہا ہوں
Main Baal Katwane Ja Raha Hoon
کو انگلش میں کیا کہتے ہیں؟
Optional Meaning in Different Languages
Multi Language Dictionary


Checker Taxi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The very last Checker Taxicab built by the company, in green and cream with Checker's trademark checkerboard trim. It is a 1982 A11 and is currently on display at the Gilmore Car Museum in Kalamazoo.
Checker Taxi was an American taxi company. It used the Checker Marathon produced by the Checker Motors Corporation of Kalamazoo, Michigan. Both Checker Taxi and its parent company Checker Motors Corporation were owned by Morris Markin.[1]
The "Checker", particularly the 1958–82 Checker A series sedans remain the most famous taxi cab vehicles in the United States. The vehicle is comparable to the London Taxi in its nationally renowned styling, which went unchanged throughout its use, and also for its iconic status.
Motorized taxi cabs began to appear on the streets of major cities beginning in the early 1900s. Particularly in Chicago, where numerous railroads had terminals, there was considerable need for on-demand, point-to-point chauffeur-driven transportation. Hotels, department stores, and office buildings embraced the amenity, but often limited access to their facilities to a single cab company. Kickbacks were common, and the system favored larger operators, who had the financial resources to "play the game".
By 1920, there were two dominant taxi-cab companies operating in Chicago: Yellow Cab and Checker Taxi. Yellow Cab Company was founded in 1910 by John Hertz who subsequently established his own cab manufacturing business in 1917. Checker Taxi did not own its own cab manufacturing company, but principally used Mogul Cabs, manufactured by Commonwealth.
Morris Markin, a clothier from Chicago, Illinois, became the owner of 'Markin Automobile Body', an auto-body manufacturer based in Joliet, Illinois following a default by the owner on a $15,000 personal loan. The facility made bodies for Commonwealth Motors, which marketed the vehicles to cab companies under the trade name 'Mogul'.
Commonwealth Motors was on the verge of bankruptcy but had an order from Checker Taxi (a privately owned cab company in Chicago that had no affiliation with Markin at the time). Markin acquired Commonwealth Motors via a stock swap, and merged it with Markin Automobile Body, forming Checker Cab Manufacturing in order to honor the contractual commitment.
Checker cabs were manufactured in Joliet for two years, then production was shifted to Kalamazoo, Michigan. The sturdy Checker cabs gained the acceptance and loyal following of Checker Taxi operators in Chicago.
Markin began buying up Checker Taxi operators' licenses in 1924, gaining full control of the company in 1937. Markin followed Hertz's business plan in having drivers open doors for the fares, and outfitted each driver with a uniform. Checker became the first cab company to hire African-American drivers and the first to require that drivers pick up all fares, not just white ones.
Competition for fares in Chicago was fierce in the 1920s, and drivers began ganging up on one another between fares. The fighting between the two cab companies escalated to the point where Markin's home was firebombed, which prompted Markin to relocate Checker Cab Manufacturing to Michigan.
Hertz had sold the controlling interest in his Yellow Cab Company to the Parmalee Transportation Company, but in 1929, after a suspicious fire at his stables killed his prized race horses, Hertz sold his remaining shares of Yellow Cab to Markin, who subsequently acquired another one-third in the company from Parmalee, thus taking control of both Parmalee and Yellow Cab. In 1940, Parmalee (including Yellow and Checker Cab) became the largest cab company in the United States.
Prior to selling the Yellow Cab company, Hertz had sold his taxi-cab, truck, and coach manufacturing arm in 1925 to General Motors. GM wanted to sell part of the acquired business and made an offer to Markin, but Markin declined. Rather than eliminate the capacity of Yellow Manufacturing, General Motors entered the taxicab business in New York City as Terminal Taxi Cab. General Motors operated Yellow Coach as a subsidiary until 1943, at which time the company was merged with GMC Truck Division, and manufacturing shifted from Chicago to Pontiac, Michigan.
A second "taxi war" broke out, with Checker Taxi Co and Terminal Taxi Co operators fighting it out in New York City. To end the dispute, New York Mayor Jimmy Walker created the New York Taxi Cab Commission, which issued a limited number of cab operator permits, called "medallions", and mandated that cabs have seating for five passengers in the rear compartment, which favored Checker and a handful of other manufacturers that built automobiles which met this requirement. Over the next three decades, Markin was involved in the formation of "Checker Taxi" or "Checker Cab" companies in a number of major U.S. cities.
At one point, Markin sold Checker Cab Manufacturing to E.L. Cord, but bought it back again in 1936. Markin and Cord were friends, and after Cord bought up interest in Checker, he retained Markin as company head. Meanwhile, the large, heavy Checker Model T, introduced in 1932, featured an 8-cylinder Lycoming engine, the same one that powered the classic Cords at the time. Checker had used Lycoming 6-cylinder engines since introduction of the Checker Model G in 1927. Prior to that, most Checkers had been powered by 4-cylinder Buda engines.
The 1935 Checker Model Y featured attractive front end styling that could have been influenced by the Cord 810/812. The Y model continued in production until 1938. For 1939, Checker introduced a brand new model, the Model A. From that time forward, all future Checkers would carry the "A" designation, usually with a number.
The 1939 Model A featured a retractable roof section at the very back of the greenhouse, distinctive stylized headlight lenses, and unusual open-sided front fenders. The rear roof section could be opened if passengers desired an open-air ride. The open-sided fenders in front detracted from the car's styling but made fender repairs easier for fleet owners. Beginning in 1939, Checkers were powered by the well-known Continental "Red Seal" inline six-cylinder engine, until the engine was discontinued in 1964. Starting in the 1950s, Checker offered an optional overhead valve version of the Continental six.
During WWII, Checker, like other American automakers, switched to wartime production, building materiel needed by the U.S. Armed Forces. After the war, Checker cars, although mechanically similar to the pre-war models, were styled like many late 1940's sedans. The new model, introduced in 1947, had a 127" wheelbase and featured unit body construction. This basic design continued in production until 1956.
 - Model A2 - 1947-49
 - Model A3/A4 - 1950-52
 - Model A6-A7 - 1953-54
 - Model A8 - 1956-58
 - Model A9/A10 - 1959-63
 - Model A11/A12 - 1963-82
In 1954, New York City revised its specifications for taxi-cabs, eliminating the five-passenger rear compartment requirement and stipulating a wheelbase of 120" or less, which effectively took Checker out of the game. A brand-new 120" wheelbase body-on-frame design was introduced in December 1956, called A8, and that basic body style would be retained for the duration of Checker production until the end, in 1982.
1956 through '58 A8 Checkers featured single headlights, 1953 Chevrolet taillights (possibly GM surplus, since they were already five years old), and a thick, single-bar grille. In 1958, quad headlights became legal in the U.S., and Checkers featured the quad headlights from that time forward, along with a new egg-crate grille insert. Parking lights were housed in each far side of the grille insert. Taillights were also changed to the familiar vertical chrome strip housing dual red lenses. Early models also featured a single separate bumper-mounted backup light. Another change between the A8 and later models is the rear window. Originally flat in the A8 with a thicker "C" pillar, the rear window on later models wrapped around a thinner roof-line, affording improved all-around visibility.
For 1960, Checker introduced the A9 series taxi, as well as for the first time, a passenger sedan to be marketed to the general public, the A10 Superba. For 1961, the Marathon sedan and station wagon were introduced, upscale versions of the Superba. The Superba was discontinued in 1963, and from that time on, the taxicabs were designated A11, the Marathon became the A12.
Starting in 1965, Checker switched to Chevrolet overhead-valve inline 6-cylinder engines, with the small-block Chevy 283 and 327 V8s optional. Starting in 1970, both Chevrolet and Checker switched to the 350 cubic-inch small-block V8 that was used until the end of Checker production. GM phased out the Chevy inline six in 1979. Starting in 1980, both Chevrolet and Checker offered a new 229 cubic-inch V6 as the standard power-plant, with a small-block 305 or 350 V8 as optional.
The standard transmission for the Checker since the 1930s was a conventional 3-speed manual.


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Soga, M. & Gaston, K.J. (2016) Extinction of experience: the loss of human–nature interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14(2), 94-101. (Image from Shutterstock)
Increasingly, people are becoming less likely to have direct contact with nature (natural environments and their associated wildlife) in their everyday lives. Over 20 years ago, Robert M Pyle termed this ongoing alienation the "extinction of experience", but the phenomenon has continued to receive surprisingly limited attention. Here, we present current understanding of the extinction of experience, with particular emphasis on its causes and consequences, and suggest future research directions. Our review illustrates that the loss of interaction with nature not only diminishes a wide range of benefits relating to health and well-being, but also discourages positive emotions, attitudes, and behavior with regard to the environment, implying a cycle of disaffection toward nature. Such serious implications highlight the importance of reconnecting people with nature, as well as focusing research and public policy on addressing and improving awareness of the extinction of experience.
- Urbanisation and vegetation phenology
- Lighting plants at night


instant pot timer not starting
The Instant Pot Says On No Timer( What It Means And Solution)
When you get an instant pot, you get an appliance that can cook different food. That way, you save yourself from buying many appliances for cooking different food and end up saving some space in the kitchen.
The best part is the appliance is easy to use. But just like any other thing once in a while you may come across some challenges trying to operate it. An example, the timer may at times seem like it's not working, but at the same time the instant pot reads ON.
When this happens, you don't have to call a technician or start looking for the warranty card to take the pot back. These are some minor issues you can fix yourself without spending anything. This article is here to help you understand why they happen and how you can fix the issue.
Why is Your Instant Pot Timer Not Starting?
The instant pot is easy to use. It has direct functions with preset time. The operation required is minimum as compared to other appliances. If the timer is not starting it's probably something minor or, normally, it's just taking its time to start.
Gaining pressure
When using the pressure cooking function, after you put the food and close the lid, the pot will read 'ON'. But it takes a while to start the pot as it is first gaining pressure.
The process of gaining pressure is different with different foods. Some will gain pressure and start the timer fast, while others will take a lot of time to gain pressure. At this point, there is nothing much you can do as long as the food has water in it give it time as the timer will start with time.
Blown fuse
If the instant pot timer is not starting completely, it could be a blown fuse. Instant pots have an electronic fuse that helps in controlling the flow of current in the instant pot. When the current is high than required, the fuse cuts the current.
In case the fuse is malfunctioning, it may lead to the timer not starting. An example, it may interfere with the current going to the pot and supply less power and cause the timer not to start but the display reads ON.
In extreme cases, the timer may not start at all.
If this is the case, buy another fuse and replace the old one and your instant pot will work just fine. You can check on the manual on how you should go about replacing the fuse.
Not Plugged in Properly
In case the instant pot is not starting at all you should start by checking if the instant pot is plugged in and if yes, if it's plugged in properly.
Most instant pots come with a detachable cable. At times the cable may not be connected, and you don't know. So in case it's not starting, start by checking the connection to ensure it is connected.
The plug could also be loosely attached to the pot and hence not enough current getting to the instant pot system. At this point, the pot may read on, but the current getting in is not enough to start the timer.
Before starting an instant pot, ensure it is plugged in and tightly plugged to ensure it functions smoothly.
Not connected or a bad connection
Instant pots need electricity to function. If there is no power connection or the power connection is not smooth, the pot may not start or even start, but the timer may not function.
In case you experience such a problem, check the connection to see if it's smooth and uninterrupted. If that's the case, wait for the connection to get back and use the pot then.
The power flow is inconsistent
We all have experienced inconsistent power supply. One minute there is power the next there is no the next there is, but it comes in low voltage, and all the bulbs are dim.
When this is happening, not only the bulbs are affected, but appliances too are affected. An example, the instant pot may fail to start or start but not open the timer.
When this happens, all you can do is wait for the power to get back to its normal voltage to operate.
The water is taking time to heat
After you have filled the instant pot with food and water and closed the lid for pressure cooking, the next step is to start the pot for it to cook. But the timer doesn't go on immediately.
At this point, the display may be reading on, but the timer is yet to start. The pot is taking time to heat the water so it can produce the steam that helps in creating pressure in the pot that helps in the cooking process.
Confirm with the manual
If you have tried all the above and nothing seems to work, it's time to confirm with the manual. Check on the troubleshooting section to see if there is something that can help.
Instant pots are not exactly appliances and for that case don't require experts to help with the minor issues. After going through the manual, you may find something you can do to fix the pot and the timer.
Reset or restart the instant pot
When you are cooking two meals in a roll, you may need to reset the instant pot before cooking the next meal. This is because after cooking the first meal, the pot remains on the temperature and the time you had previously set.
All you need is to reset the instant pot, and the timer will work just fine and cook your food smoothly.
The setting is out
The setting on the instant pot could be out of order and thus causing the on but no timer issue. There have been many complaints about this. It could be someone who interfered with the settings unknowingly.
The solution is pressing the reset button on the instant pot, and the pot will work just fine. If you can't see the reset button as different models have different structuring, you can check on the manufacturing guide to see how you can restart the instant pot.
An instant pot takes around 10 to 15 minutes to reheat every time you are using the pressure cooking function. The time is for the pot to heat up and bring the pressure level up.
After that time, it is when the timer start. Every time you are cooking a meal that requires a 5 minutes timer, you should have in mind it will take more than that due to the time used in preheating.
Tips to have in mind when using an instant pot
Immediately you get your instant pot the first thing you should do is read the manufacturer's manual and ensure you understand it.
The instant pot comes with many different buttons that all perform different tasks. If you haven't read the manual, the buttons can be confusing, and the whole cooking process can get stressful and frustrating.
Pressure cooking uses water to produce steam which in return helps in raising the pressure levels in the pot that helps in the cooking process. This means, ensure you add water to the food no matter what you are cooking. At least add a cup and a half to the food to prevent burning the food.
Every time you are setting your cooking time with an instant pot, always add a few minutes to the cooking time as the pot takes time to preheat the pot and also takes time in releasing the steam naturally.
An instant pot tends to boil food so good. At some point, it can lead to overcooking of food. Due to this, ensure you set the exact right time. If it means releasing the steam manually do so as the time you take to release the steam naturally the cooking process is still happening just that it's a little bit slow.
Do not be afraid to explore with your instant pot, try a different recipe, and change temperatures and timing. That's how you come up with the best recipe and food. All you need is to be careful and don't try recipes that are prohibited like deep frying.
The convenience that comes with an instant pot is on the next level. But at the same time, you may experience some minor issues. The good part is you don't need to get someone else to fix the problems for you. You can do it yourself.
Using the information above, you can fix a timer to work. But in case the issue becomes major, and you are not sure you can handle the issue get an expert to avoid causing more damage.
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Using "Capture Current State" to Automate Dimensions with iLogic.
iLogic in 2021 introduces the ability to add dimensions to drawings and to capture the state of selected geometry on a drawing view.
In this example I'm going to show you how to create a linear dimension. In the image below I have named some faces (right click on practically any geometry and select "Assign Name"), using the new tools in iLogic, I can now easily place a linear dimension between these 2 faces.
In the drawing environment, simply select the geometry you wish to use and then right click and choose "iLogic" then "Capture Current State".
The information that you need is now copied to your iLogic clipboard.
Note that if you have not already named the geometry, you can still "Capture Current State" from the drawing, you will be prompted by Inventor, letting you know that the underlying geometry is going to be edited.
In a new iLogic, rule, simply paste in the info about the 2 lines from my iLogic clipboard (purple). Note that we have pulled through Face 1 and Face 2.
Next navigate to the new "Drawings" section of the snippets and double click on "Linear Dimension".
Delete the first 3 lines as they are not needed (the are duplicates of the info from our clipboard)
The last line of code looks like this, we need to replace "namedGeometry1" with the information from Face1 and Face2.
Dim linDim1 = genDims.AddLinear("Dimension 1", VIEW1.SheetPoint(0.5, -0.1), namedGeometry1)
If we just put in Face1 we will get something like this, just as if we had chosen Face1 in the interface.
Dim linDim1 = genDims.AddLinear("Dimension 1", VIEW1.SheetPoint(0.5, -0.1), Face1)
If we include Face1 and Face2, we get the following:
Dim linDim1 = genDims.AddLinear("Dimension 1", VIEW1.SheetPoint(0.5, -0.1), Face1, Face2)
Here's the full code that I used to get the linear dimension between Face1 and Face2:
Dim Sheet_1 = ThisDrawing.Sheets.ItemByName("Sheet:1")
Dim VIEW1 = Sheet_1.DrawingViews.ItemByName("VIEW1")
Dim Face2 = VIEW1.GetIntent("Face2")
Dim Face1 = VIEW1.GetIntent("Face1")
Dim genDims = Sheet_1.DrawingDimensions.GeneralDimensions
Dim linDim1 = genDims.AddLinear("Dimension 1", VIEW1.SheetPoint(0.5, -0.1),Face1,Face2)


Global Challenges: What challenges would you face if your company were a global conglomerate?
Request is for a 500 word min article review, see details.
Locate and review a recent (no more than 5 years old) scholarly article found in a peer-reviewed journal related to HR selection methods, analyzing work, designing jobs, or HR planning.
Use the following two headers for the body of your paper.
 - Recruiting Program: this is where you take into consideration how you would approach a recruiting program for your company based on the author's ideas on the subject matter.
 - Global Challenges: What challenges would you face if your company were a global conglomerate?
Select article and follow the below criteria:
 - There is a minimum requirement of 500 words for the article critique.
 - Write a summary of the article. This should be one to three paragraphs in length, depending on the length of the article. The paper has to follow the standard style of scholarly college writing with an "introduction", "body" and "conclusion". Include the purpose for the article, how research was conducted, the results, and other pertinent information from the article.
Any sources used, including the textbook and the article, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations in APA format.
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All About Locks
Without their locks the two Wey Navigations would not function. The seventeen locks between Godalming and Weybridge allow the level of water along the canal to be managed providing enough depth for vessels to navigate whilst also allowing controlled passage between the sections of waterway.
There are 13 locks on the Wey Navigation and 4 on the Godalming Navigation.
A lock has a simple function, that being to provide a control to maintain or change the level of water within a stretch of a navigation. A typical lock has a chamber dug into the channel and is lined with brick, although the early locks along the Wey were turf lined. Gates with a system of gearing to allow a paddle to be raised and lowered to allow or restrict the flow of water are hinged to enable them to be opened and closed by pushing on a heavy balance beam which protrudes horizontally from the gate to provide sufficient leverage, particularly useful given the heavy weight of the gates found on the Wey Navigations.
There are two common types of locks found on British waterways and these were originally both found on the Wey and Godalming Navigations. Today modernisation has left only the easier to operate pound locks, and even these have been dramatically improved in their construction and operation to facilitate their use by the large numbers of relatively inexperienced pleasure boaters that help keep the waterway a viable proposition.
A Pound Lock is effectively the placing of two Flash Locks (see below) close together to provide a simple method of raising or lowering the level of water to enable craft to effectively navigate upstream or downstream. The lock also provides a guarantee that the water level between the individual locks will be maintained to a degree that vessels won't run aground. The chamber dug into the bed of the river is large enough to accommodate the type of craft typically plying the navigation. At each end gates robust enough to withhold the pressure of water are hung from substantial <> and contain within them paddles that can be raised and lowered to control the flow of water.
Some pound locks have a single gate upstream as this gate is a lot shorter and hence lighter than the bottom gates. However those on the Wey are double gates as the lock chambers are relatively wide and would result in an overly heavy single gate.
Pound locks were invented in Holland, although there were primitive examples in Italy by 1440. Archaeologists have postulated that remains of river structures in Egypt are pound locks dating back to the reign of Pharoah Seneferu, the great pyramid builder, app. 2600 BC.
A Flash Lock is effectively a weir with a single gate to allow boats to navigate beyond the structure. Originally very simple structures allowing boards to be dropped into place across the water to build up depth later versions used movable gates. Flash locks did exist on the Wey in the early days but were replaced with pound locks as soon as it became practical to do so. Flash locks are extremely difficult to navigate and inherently dangerous, often resulting in damage to vessels and injury to their crews.
When closed the gates allowed the stretch of river behind them to fill with water. As there was only a single gate without any method of containing the water, once the gate was opened the water would rush out down to the lower level of the river on the other side gradually depleting the water level upstream. Boats would literally have to ride the rush of water to move to the next level, an extremely difficult manoeuvre if you're having to haul a barge upstream against the flow of water with only horse or human power to do so, although winches were later installed to aid the process. Flash locks were also called Navigation Weirs and Staunches.
The stretch of canal lying between two locks is called the Pound, with the length of the Pound depending upon how rapidly the terrain was falling away. In some canals the Pound may only be a few feet, and in others many miles. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal for example has to navigate steep terrain and features locks that act like a staircase with a series of interlinked gates and chambers in the case of Botterham, or individual locks a few feet apart at Bratch. The fall of the Wey is gentle, dropping only 98 feet (30 m) over the full 87 miles (140 km) of the river, with the Navigations only contending with the last 20 miles (32 kim). This amount of fall only requires a lock every few miles.
Working a vessel through a lock is termed 'to lock'. A Lock Wheeler was a member of the barge crew who traveled ahead, often by bicycle, to prepare the locks.
On navigable waterways large posts, Lock Distance Posts, are set into the riverbank fifteen or twenty yards (14 – 18 m) from the head and tail of a lock. The first boat to pass the post has claim to the lock.
Most of the locks on the Wey Navigation were originally turf-sided. The chamber was excavated to ensure that it was wide enough to accommodate a barge, which was considerably wider than the narrowboats that you now commonly see along the waterway today. At either end of the chamber substantial walls of timber were built in order to support the massive and heavy lock gates, which had to be strong enough to bear considerable water pressure. The rest of the lock sides between the gates and these retaining walls did not have to be particularly robust and were left as sloping bare earth over which turf was allowed to grow. Provided they didn't leak water these earth banks worked perfectly well, although on the Wey half-height timber walls were built from end to end in order to keep the heavy barges in line with the gates.
Alders are very common trees along the river and once felled and sawn make for a very hard wood that resists movement after repeated wetting and drying. Alder was therefore a perfect wood for constructing lock gates.
In the 20th century all of the Wey locks were renovated and rebuilt at one time or another in concrete or brick and providing the lock chambers with vertical walls throughout their full length. This, and the adopting of modern winding mechanisms and lock paddles that were easier to operate, were brought in both to assist the inexperienced pleasure boaters of today and to meet stringent safety regulations. Walsham Gates (GR: TQ050578) on the Wey Navigation near Ripley in Surrey is a flood lock that still has turf-sides and the original system of pegged boards to raise and lower the paddles in the gates.
How a Lock Operates
The principles of pound lock operation are simple.
The paddles are raised and lowered using a windlass, similar in appearance to a car's wheelbrace, that is attached to the paddle's square tapering bar and turned in the appropriate direction. The term 'windlass' comes from Middle English 'wyndlas' with origins in Old Norse 'vindass' meaning 'winding pole'.
This method is a relatively modern adaptation as the original locks required that boards be manually levered up whilst straddling precariously on the beam of the gates above the water and wielding a 3 ft (1 m) crowbar.
© Wey River 2005 - 2012


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Fallout: Mile High
Super mutants are mutated humans, products of infection by the Forced Evolutionary Virus (FEV). They are much taller, bulkier and muscular than pure strain humans, have (mostly) green, gray, or yellowish skin, are immune to disease and radiation, and are gifted with superhuman strength and endurance. Although they are completely sterile, the rapid regeneration of their cells caused by FEV makes them virtually biologically immortal (but not immune to death from injury).
There are two different known sources of super mutants in the post-War world – Mariposa Military Base in the Core Region (on the West Coast) and Vault 87 in the Capital Wasteland (on the East Coast). The two populations have separate histories and origins, and are yet to interact with each other. While originally the term was only used to refer to the Mariposa stock, the Brotherhood of Steel carried the term with them and applied it to those from Vault 87 upon encountering them.


text:
Has government expanded significantly? > Check the facts
Who: The size of the Commonwealth government 'has expanded significantly' according to the terms of reference for the National Commission of Audit.
The claim: In the preamble to the terms of reference Treasurer Joe Hockey and Finance Minister Mathias Corman said that there had not been a thorough review of the 'scope, efficiency and functions of the Commonwealth government [since 1996]. During this time the size of the Commonwealth government has expanded significantly, as has the remit of some of its activities'.
The facts: The last National Commission of Audit was in 1996. The size of the government since then can be measured using government payments or outlays using official figures. The latest available figures were published in the Economic Statement in August 2013 just prior to the election and those figures are presented in the following graph.
The finding: It is not possible to discern any significant upward trend in the graph and by this measure government is 'smaller' in 2013 than in 1996.
Discussion of evidence: Downturns in the economy tend to increase the government share in GDP since the growth in GDP itself slows down and governments tend to respond with stimulatory spending packages. For example the increase in spending in 2000-01 was rationalised in the 2001-02 budget papers in the following terms:
The government has provided a moderate stimulus in the 2001-02 Budget through targeted tax reductions, discretionary spending and by allowing the Budget to respond to the temporary slowdown in economic growth … This is an appropriate policy response to recent economic developments.
Changes in the size of the government since 1990 have reflected:
- The 'recession we had to have' during the Hawke government,
- The downturn around 2000, and
- The downturn associated with the global financial crisis beginning in 2008.


text:
Master of Business Administration (MBA ENG)
Content and conditions of studies
Structure and time schedule of studies contain the time structure according to individual years / trimesters of the study programme, detailed annotation of study modules / courses (allocation of instruction hours, method of course / module completion, credits, study aids permitted during an exam, basic and recommended literature, thematic areas of seminar papers, examples of exams).
Completion of a course / module defines the terms and conditions for the method of reviewing the acquired knowledge of a student for a given study course / module (exams, seminar papers, prezentation, credits).
Completion and conclusion of studies involves administrative and study requirements associated with the conclusion of studies (partial exams, classification of seminar papers), terms and conditions as well as time schedule for the completion of studies.
Final exams (FE) involve terms and conditions, content, and thematic areas of final exams and final state exams, terms and conditions and procedures for defending a diploma thesis.
Diploma thesis (DT) involves terms and conditions and formal requirements for preparing and defending a student's diploma thesis, time schedule and process of defending a diploma thesis.
Profile and qualification of a graduate characterize knowledge (general, professional, special) acquired in the course of the studies, together with the characterization of professions and institutions suitable for graduates based on their respective specialization.


text:
Date: January 12 2013
CHILDREN under five who have swimming lessons develop better language, literacy and numeracy skills and are likely to be more prepared for the transition to school, according to a Griffith University study.
The four-year study surveyed almost 7000 parents of children from Australia, New Zealand and the United States and independently assessed 177 children aged three, four and five.
Unsurprisingly, it found children who had early-years swimming lessons performed better in tests of some physical skills, although not ball-handling.
However, lead author Professor Robyn Jorgensen said what was surprising and of interest to parents, educators and policymakers, was that these children also scored significantly better in literacy, numeracy, mathematical reasoning, visual motor skills (cutting paper, drawing lines, colouring in) and oral expression.
''It does appear that children who participate in swimming are achieving a range of milestones earlier than normal populations,'' Professor Jorgensen said in the interim report of Early-Years Swimming: Adding Capital to Young Australians.
''This has been supported strongly from the parent survey, but also (to a lesser degree) in the child testing … For example, the survey showed that young swimmers are reported by their parents to be counting to 10 much earlier than is expected on developmental milestones.''
The interim report said the children also scored better on measures of understanding and complying with directions.
Professor Jorgensen said it could be argued that only wealthier families could afford swimming lessons and therefore the findings reflected social strata. But she said data from the child assessments showed there were significant differences between swimmers and the normal population, regardless of socio-economic background.
''Quality swimming lessons are rich in opportunities for learning beyond swimming skills … which may help in the transition to school,'' she said.
Paul Sadler, the founder of Paul Sadler Swimland, which provided financial support to the study, said swimming lessons might involve games with counting or children chanting Humpty Dumpty before falling into the water. ''I'm not surprised about literacy and numeracy coming up because there is all the language around 'Ready set go', 'Your turn' and stuff with numbers.''
Megan Harris, whose children Lillie and Baxter had swimming lessons from 12 months, said the biggest benefit for her was the confidence her children gained in and out of the water.
''Definitely, I think that helps with the transition to school.'' She said water safety was stressed and children learnt from a very young age to wait their turn and then count to three before getting into the water.
The interim report recommended children who traditionally do not do well at school, particularly in early years, should participate in learn-to-swim. ''Subsidising may be a way forward for disadvantaged families to enable better access to school.''
But it warns that the swimming industry is unregulated and there is considerable variation among swim schools. ''The swim environment and swim teachers/lessons need to be of consistently high quality,'' it says.
Although the industry gave financial support, the independent study represents the views of the research team only.
This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited.
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