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Drawings 79 to 81 vary very little from each other and are clearly a set of progressively worked up designs, beginning with Soane's original, moving to Sword's copy and another with more shading and detail.
The two characterising features of this scheme are the very large lantern (which was apparently to have stained glass used in the pilasters) and the flint pilasters which articulate the main body of the house. Presumably the effect would have been similar to that of Pitzhanger's gated entrance that Soane later built - flint pilasters against a brick body. G. Darley suggests that the idea of making use of these materials reflects the nostalgic mood in which he bought the house: 'He explored divergent options, toying with the materials of his youth, the flints and clays of the Thames Valley and the Chilterns, a reflection of the retrospective mood in which he had bought the house'.
G. Darley, John Soane: an accidental Romantic, 1999, p.153
Contents of Preliminary designs for the entrance front: D, 30 August - 4 September 1800 (3)


also fix multiple single core wires in one insulating sheath. The multi-core wires in the same sheath can be as many as 24 cores. The parallel multi-core line is indicated by "B", and the twisted multi-core wire is indicated by "s".
Insulated wires can be divided into single wire and multi-core wire according to the stock number of each transmission line. Generally, the insulated wires above 6 square mm are all multi-core wires. The insulated wires with 6 square mm and below can be single wires and can also be multi-core wires. We call the single wire of 6 square mm and the following as hard wire, and multi-core wire is called copper wire.
Hard wire is indicated by "B" and copper wire is indicated by "R". The common insulating materials of ACSR Cable are polyethylene and high pressure polyethylene. The "V" of PE indicates that "Y" is used for high-pressure polyethylene.
Bv copper core polyethylene insulated wire; BLV aluminum core polyethylene insulated wire; BVV copper core polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene protective cable; Blvv aluminum core polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene protective cable; BVR copper core polyethylene insulation copper wire;
RV copper core polyethylene insulation layer is installed with copper wire; RVB copper core polyethylene insulation layer flat electrode connecting wire copper wire; BVS copper core polyethylene insulation layer twisted copper wire; RVV copper core polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene wire sheath copper wire;
BYR high voltage polyethylene insulated soft cable; Byvr high voltage polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene wire sheath copper wire; Ry high voltage polyethylene insulated copper wire; RYV high voltage polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene wire sheath copper wire;
BVVB copper core polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene protective wire sleeve flat cable; BLVVB aluminum core polyethylene insulation layer polyethylene protective wire sleeve flat cable; Bv-105 copper core high temperature resistant 105 ℃ polyethylene insulated wire.
For more information on cables, click Joy 'cable Blog


Review Index:
Angel Eye Bay-Res Water-Cooling Reservoir
Manufacturer: Angel Eye USA
Reservoir and Installation
Why use a reservoir?
The use of a reservoir in a PC water-cooling system is optional. For many the advantages of using a reservoir outweigh the disadvantages. Reservoirs come in many different shapes, sizes and styles. Some contain a submerged pump while others do not and are connected inline. The Angel Eye Bay-Res is an inline reservoir. This means you can pretty much plumb it wherever you want in the water-cooling system. My personal preference is to have the reservoir connected directly ahead of the pump.
Advantages of using a reservoir:
 - Provides an easily accessible fill point
 - Serves as an air trap to help remove air bubbles
 - Provides a reserve volume of water to make up for losses that occur over time
 - Can help reduce NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) of the pump
 - Allows for expansion and contraction of the systems water volume
Disadvantages of using a reservoir:
 - Can be bulky – may be hard to locate in small systems
 - Potential source of flow restriction and leaks
The two most obvious advantages of using a reservoir are providing an easy access point to fill or add water to the system and helping get rid of trapped air bubbles, especially during startup. When you first setup a system, there will always be some air bubbles circulating around in the water. These air bubbles must be removed for optimum performance (water transports heat a lot more efficiently than air).
As the water enters the relatively large volume of the reservoir, the water velocity will decrease (don't confuse velocity with flow – the overall flow rate will remain constant in a closed system). Air bubbles can become trapped in a high velocity fluid stream and may only rise to the surface when the water velocity slows down enough to release them.
In general the higher the overall system flow rate, the larger the reservoir volume will need to be to effectively remove air from the system. Remember though, just because you may have a pump that is rated at 300 GPH free flow, doesn't mean you will have anywhere near that amount in a real system. In addition to the total volume, the shape of the reservoir and use of baffles and/or screens can have a large affect on a reservoir's ability to remove trapped air bubbles. The Bay-Res Rev. 2 incorporates a center baffle, which forces the water to flow down one side and back the other. This helps minimize turbulence and gives the air bubbles a greater chance to reach the surface.
One of the nice features of an inline reservoir is that you can place it most anywhere you want in your system. This means the Bay-Res can go in the top, middle or bottom drive bay. Now some people think that having the reservoir at the highest point in the case is best since air bubbles rise to the highest point, right? Well actually, no. Air bubbles will only freely rise to the highest point when there is no flow. The normal flow in an operating system is usually enough to keep air bubbles trapped and circulating in the coolant stream. Only when the water velocity decreases in the reservoir do the air bubbles have a chance to slow down and rise to the surface.
Installing the Bay-Res in an open 5.25" drive bay was much like installing a typical optical drive. The reservoir is held in place with the four supplied screws. Having a case that uses sliding drive bay rails is a big advantage – it allows quickly and easily sliding the reservoir out for filling or topping off the system.
If your case does not have sliding bay rails then you will have to remove the reservoir mounting screws before you can slide the reservoir forward for filling or topping off the system. Alternately, if the bay(s) above the reservoir are empty, that can also provide access to the fill port.
I generally find that mounting the Bay-Res in the lower 5.25" drive bay works the best for me as it keeps the reservoir below the optical drives (just in case we experience a leak) and the tubing more closely lines up with other components (like the waterblock). In reality, with the option of using either straight or 90º fittings, you can place it in any drive bay you choose.
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Last year (2015) two interesting studies have been published, investigating the question if the olfactory ability of dogs is influenced by medication or other kinds of substances.
This question of is not of a purely academic nature. We all know those situations at gas stations, where gasoline vapors affect our own sense of smell. It is known that in humans a large number of substances can cause the total or partial loss of sensoric ability to detect scent (Hyposmie). Among others antihistamines, antidepressants, or ACE inhibitors, the inhalation of chlorine or benzene, or long-term contact with wooden or metal dust or smoke are known to induce this dysfunction. Lack of zinc can also be a reason; an important information which will be an interesting aspect further down in this article. (Wikipedia: Hyposmie)
In case substances really negatively affect the sense of smell of detection dogs, this would be an important factor in the use of drug, bomb or other kinds of detection dogs.
Standard medication metronidazole can have an influence on the olfactory ability
Certain diseases may also affect the olfactory ability – temporarily or irreversibly. The influence of drugs is another aspect, which might not immediately be apparent. Metronidazole and doxycycline are two widely-used antibiotics. End of 2015 the American Journal of Veterinary Research published the results of a study that examined the influence of these medications on the performance of explosives detection dogs. („Effects of oral administration of metronidazole and doxycycline on olfactory capabilities of explosives detection dogs„, American Journal of Veterinary Research, August 2016, vol. 77, pages 906-912, doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.906)
Over a period of 10 days, one of these antibiotics was administered to 18 healthy explosives detection dogs, while their performance in the detection of standard explosives was examined in a standard test on the „Scentwheel" on days 0, 5 and 10.
Under the influence of a normal dose of metronidazole, 9 of 18 dogs showed a significantly poorer detection rate for 2 out of 3 explosives. Metronidazole is known, that it has a negative impact on the sense of taste (associated with a specific metallic taste) in humans. It is assumed that metronidazole caused a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors (Hyposmie) in dogs, which is reversible.
No negative effects associated with doxycycline
In the same study no significant effect was found on the sense of smell in dogs under the influence of doxycycline. The authors expressly point out, that only labradors took part in their study. But it is assumed that no effect in the results would be identified if other breeds would have participated in the trial.
In summary this is an interesting study result with practical relevance for dog handlers with search and detection dogs: handlers shall avoid metronidazole if even a temporary degradation of the sense of smell is not acceptable. Doxycycline unfortunately is not an appropriate alternative medication. Both substances are used in different indications. In any case: it shall always be considered to take sick dogs out of service until full recovery.
In a second part of this article we will examine, how the sense of smell of dogs can be increase through special substances.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Terminal Block Accessories
Terminal block accessories are components used to install, repair or enhance the function of terminal blocks. These are a type of electrical connector where the wires are clamped to the metal by a screw.
What are terminal block accessories used for?
Terminal block accessories come in an array of options with varying functions. Terminal end brackets, for example, provide a secure mechanical stop on the DIN rail. End covers are typically placed at the end of an assembly to enclose the open side of the terminal block. Both end brackets and end covers are custom designed to work with specific terminal blocks.
Wire ferrules encase the strands of flexible conductors, making them easier to introduce into terminals. They're typically made of a copper tube with a moulded isolating collar at the end. You can use a crimp tool die to crimp the copper tube for better contact between the wire strands and the contact point.
Types of terminal block accessories
There are numerous terminal block accessories including:
 - End brackets
 - End stops
 - Flange covers
 - Insertion bridges
 - Marker labels
 - Zack strips
 - Terminal block markers
 - Terminal screwdrivers
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and finally, you have to run all the simulations. This is the first step, creating the project:
 1. Download and install the habitat model software.
 2. Click Help - Check For Updates to ensure that you have the latest version.
 3. Click File - New Project to create a new project.
 1. Provide a meaningful project name. Ideally this would describe your particular batch of simulations so using the model, species and lifestage is a good idea. e.g. HSI_Ch_Jv would be good for juvenile Chinook HSI simulations. Or FIS_St_Sp for FIS Steelhead spawners.
 2. Ensure that your project is created in you folder using something like 'Home\HabSims' as the folder.
 4. Leave the habitat software open at this point.
Create Habitat Model Simulations
Habitat model simulations are actually created using the CHaMP Workbench software. A special tool in the Workbench will create and write the specifications of the simulations to the project that you just created in the previous step:
 1. Open the CHaMP Workbench software.
 2. Click Tools - Habitat - Generate Batch Habitat Project...
 3. Switch to the Other Criteria tab and turn un-check the Must be a primary visit checkbox.
 4. Review the Watershed, Visit Types and Species Present tabs and change the filters to match your needs. Note that unchecking all boxes on a particular list effectively turns off that particular list and stops it from having a filtering effect.
 5. Review the list of filtered visits at the bottom of the screen.
 6. Either check the box next to each visit that you want to run or click "Select All" to check the box next to all the visits listed.
 7. Remember your visit filter settings because you're going to need to run this tool again for subsequent simulation batches.
 8. Switch to the Habitat Model tab.
 9. Browse and select your habitat model project file (*.xml) created in the previous step.
 10. Check the box next to the habitat model that you want to run. Remember, it's recommended that you separate models into separate projects for the purpose of batch processing.
 11. Browse and set the Hydraulic Model Resutls top level folder to your \MonitoringData folder.
 12. Browse and set the D50 Substrate top level folder to your \D50Rasters folder.
 13. Click OK.
 14. You can close the workbench software.
This process is fairly quick. It's simply writing the definition of your input data and desired simulations to the habitat probject created in the previous step. When it has finished, you should see a message reporting the number of simulations created.
Note that any visits that are missing hydraulic results and/or missing D50 substrate rasters will not be added to the habitat project. This should explain why the number of simulations reported might differ from your total numner of visits selected.
Running Habitat Model Simulations
 1. Open the Habitat Model Software if you don't have it open already.
 2. Make sure that the correct project is open (containing the batch of simulations that you just created).
 3. Right click on the project name at the top of the project tree on the left of the screen and choose Reload Project.
 4. Click on Simulations and you should see all the simulations that the workbench software added to your project.
 5. Click Configuration - Run Queued Simulations.
 6. Click Run to start the batch processing of all the simulations. The processing time is very different depending on the type of model being run (i.e. whether there are only CSV inputs or rasters involved. Or whether it's HSI or FIS).
Repeating For Different Species / Life stages
At this point you should have completed the entire process of running the habitat model on a single species/life stage/model. You will now want to repeat the last three steps for the reamining combinations of these three elements. Remember to name each project with an indication of the model, species and life stage (e.g. "FIS_St_Sp"). This will really help when trying to identify results.
 1. Create a Project
 2. Create Habitat Model Simulations
 3. Running Habitat Model Simulations
Post-Processing And Using the Results
The habitat model produces two types of results:
 - Cell-wise results - habitat utilization values for every cell in the input data. If one or more data inputs to the simulation were rasters then the habitat utilization results will also be in raster format (and can be displayed in GIS etc). If all the data inputs to a simulation were CSV files then the habitat utilization results will be in CSV format (with each output row corresponding to a row in the input data).
 - Summary Metrics - the habitat model summarizes the cell-wise results into several numerical metrics. Each metric has one value per simulation. Weighted usable area (WUA) and normalized weighted usable area are the two most useful. See the results online documentation for an explanation.
The current habitat model software does not currently include a way to view results. This feature is planned for the next release.
You can retrieve the cell-wise results by browsing the project folder structure (in the software, right click on the project node at the top of the project tree and choose Browse Project Folder, then navigate to the Simulations folder.)
browse project
The summary metrics are stored in the habitat software project file. This file is in XML format, which is useful if you know how a scripting language, but it's typically easiest to get the data into Microsoft Access and from there to whatever analysis package you want - R or Excel etc. The steps to get the data into Access are described below:
 1. Run the relevant habitat simulations.
 2. Open Microsoft Access and create a new, blank Access database (using any Access file format).
 3. Switch to the External Data tab and click to import from an XML File access xml
 4. Browse to the habitat project XML file (using the instructions above. The file will have the name of your project and end with.xml)
 5. Click OK to open the file.
 6. Click OK to accept the default import options (which should be structure and data)
 7. Access should now contain the contents of the habitat project as a series of tables.
 8. Use the following SQL query to retrieve the simulation results:
SELECT S.Title AS Simulation, T.Title AS [Result Type], R.ResultValue AS [Result Value]
FROM (Simulations AS S INNER JOIN SimulationResults AS R
 ON S.SimulationID = R.SimulationID)
 INNER JOIN SimulationResultTypes AS T ON R.ResultTypeID = T.ResultTypeID;
Running this query will produce a table similar to the one below. See the results online documentation for an explanation of how these values are calculated.
access results


In the Spotlight
News & Features
Multi-ethnic families increasing
By Brandt Williams
Minnesota Public Radio
April 10, 2002
The 2000 census was the first opportunity for Minnesotans to report their multi-racial heritage. Without past years of data to compare the numbers to, demographers don't know if the state's mixed race population is larger than 10 years ago. But they do know that the multicultural population is very young. That says a lot about the changing face of Minnesota.
Carlos Gallegos
Carlos Gallego is Hispanic, and his wife, Jeunge Yang-Gallego, is Hmong. They and their three children reflect the changing face of Minnesota - as more residents come from multi-racial and multi-ethnic backgrounds. See a photo of the family.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
The census data released this week shows people who say they are both American Indian and white make up the majority of Minnesotans who reported multi-racial backgrounds.
The next largest multi-racial group is made up of people who are both black and white. Multi-racial people are more likely to live in Hennepin and Ramsey counties.
The state's multi-racial population is also young. The median age of multi-racial Minnesotans is about 17 - less than half of the median age of all state residents.
Minnesota is still overwhelmingly white. But demographers say this data shows that people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are putting these differences aside, and having children.
This trend is represented by Camilo Gallego, 8, his brother Julian, 5, sister Elena, 2. On a recent morning, Julian and Elena are eating breakfast in their family's Carver County home while Camilo gets ready for school. Their mother, Jeunge Yang-Gallego, makes Camilo a ball of sticky rice filled with pork to eat before he leaves.
Jeunge is Hmong. Her husband Carlos was born in Minnesota, but his parents came to America from Columbia. Jeunge and Carlos have been married for 10 years.
Jeunge Yang-Gallego
Elena Gallego sits on the lap of her mother, Jeunge Yang-Gallego. Jeunge is Hmong, but her father was Chinese. She and Carlos have been married for 10 years. Both of them say their families were hesistant when they planned to marry someone from a different ethnic background. She and Carlos spoke to MPR's Brandt Williams. Listen to the interview.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
Carlos says his parents were a little nervous about his decision to marry an Asian woman. Jeunge says at first, her parents didn't want her to marry someone who wasn't Hmong.
"They want you to marry your same culture, because my mom can't speak English and cannot communicate with him, and it's really difficult," says Jeunge. "But later they think - if I'm happy, he's happy - then they agree."
The Gallego children speak Hmong, English and some Chinese and Spanish. Jeunge's father was Chinese. She wants the kids to reflect her Chinese heritage, as well as their Hmong and Latin ties.
According to the census, the Gallego children would be considered multi-ethnic, not multi-racial, since the census categorizes Hispanics as an ethnic group, not a racial group.
Minnesotans who come from at least two racial groups make up less than 2 percent of the state's total population, according to the 2000 census. But demographers say those numbers could increase in coming years.
State demographer Barbara Ronningen says the state is seeing the results of a trend towards interracial marriages.
Gallego children
Julian Gallego, 5, and his two year-old sister, Elena, eat breakfast in their Chaska home on a recent morning. Their brother Camilo is 8. The children speak English and Hmong, as well as some Chinese and Spanish - each language representing part of their parents' ethnic heritage.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
"It's become a more common thing to see mixed-race children. As that occurs nationally, it also has occurred in Minnesota," says Ronningen. "We probably (have) a much smaller mixed-race population than some states. But we've certainly seen changes - and a more open society perhaps - where you have mixed marriages and as a result, mixed race children."
Another way demographers track the growth of multi-racial populations is through household size. Ronningen says minority and multi-racial populations generally have more children than white families, and that means their numbers are growing.
She says the rate of growth will depend on other factors such as the economy. Ronningen says a faltering job market may cause many minorities - especially those who have just moved to the state - to relocate.
The Gallego family has lived in Chaska since October. The Gallego kids say they don't have any playmates who look like them. But their father Carlos says, like many parts of Minnesota, Chaska is slowly becoming more diverse.
"In the city of Chaska, there's been very little immigration of other cultures until very recently," says Carlos Gallegos. "As an example, there were less than 70 Hispanics in the 1990 census. Now there's over 1,000, just in the area of Chaska alone."
Carlos says on the 2000 census form, he classified his children as Hispanic-Asians.
In the 2000 census, there were a total of 885 people who called themselves Hispanic-Asians in Minnesota.
More Information
 - The Faces of Minnesota The 2000 census


text:
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
The Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire. Half of the items describe impulsive aggression and half the items describe premeditated aggression. Aggressive behavior has traditionally been classified into two distinct subtypes, impulsive or premeditated. Impulsive aggression is defined as a hair-trigger aggressive response to provocation with loss of behavioral control. Premeditated aggression is defined as a planned or conscious aggressive act, not spontaneous or related to an agitated state. The IPAS is designed to characterize aggressive behavior as predominately impulsive or predominately premeditated in nature. Those subjects who clustered on the impulsive factor showed a broad range of emotional and cognitive impairments; those who clustered on the premeditated factor showed a greater inclination for aggression and antisocial behavior.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


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Consider $G = GL_n( \mathbb{Q}_p)$ and $K = GL_n( \mathbb{Z}_p)$, or more favorable replace $ \mathbb{Q}_p$ by a non archimedean field and $\mathbb{Z}_p$ by the ring of integers.
Note that the space $G //K$ is discrete, since $K$ is open and closed in $G$.
Given a Haar measure on $G$, I can prove that there exists a unique (discrete) measure on $G//K$, such that $$ \int\limits_{G} f(g) d g = \sum\limits_{x \in G//K} w(x) \int\limits_{K \times K} f(k_1 x k_2) d k_1 d k_2.$$
How can $w$ be expressed, if we pick a representative $x = diag( w^{k_1}, \dots, w^{k_n})$ for a uniformizer $w$?
Perhaps easier, but equivalent what is the ratio: $vol_G (K xK)/ vol_G(K)?$
(More out of curiousity: How is the Plancherel measure related to this?)
share|improve this question
You are dealing with the integral formula for the Haar measure on $G$, associated with the Cartan decomposition $G=KAK$. Since the Plancherel measure lives on the dual object $\hat{G}$, I don't see any obvious relation between the two. – Alain Valette Dec 17 '11 at 22:05
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The measure of $KxK$ is a classical computation that may be found in: Macdonald "Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials" (Oxford Mathematical Monographs), more precisely in Chapter V: The Hecke ring of ${\rm GL}(n)$ over a local field.
share|improve this answer
This is very useful, thank you. I will delete my response as obsolete. The final answer is (2.9) on p.298 of Macdonald's book. – GH from MO Dec 17 '11 at 18:05
My copy of Mc Donalds (1979) has it on pg. 162! Thanks to both of you. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 10:02
Depending on taste, one might also find appealing or helpful the description of this in terms of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra, with affine Weyl group and affine cartan decomposition $G=\bigcup_w BwB$ where $B$ is the Iwahori. Among other features, this does give a way to inductively determine the measure of $BwB$, once the measure of $B$ is normalized, because there is a precise cell-multiplication rule $BwB\cdot BsB=BwsB$ when the length of $ws$ is strictly greater than that of $w$, and $s$ is one of the affine reflections generating $W$. That is, the length in $W$ is equivalent to knowing the measure of the Iwahori coset.
(Inevitably, surely MacDonald's discussion does something equivalent to this, but I don't remember, and I don't have a copy accessible to me.)
share|improve this answer
I checked the other answer, because it directly answers my question, but your suggestion seems a lot more suitable for my purposes than the ''naive'' KAK decomposition I was aking about. Do you have a reference for this? Thanks a lot for mentioning this. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 10:04
_USER_, In my "Buildings and Classical Groups" book, (math.umn.edu/~garrett/m/buildings/book.pdf) chapter 5 exactly treats this: it is simply the BN-pair (with corresponding Bruhat decomposition, etc) attached to the affine building. Probably any book on buildings mentions this at some point. In some sources, the cell multiplication rule is an "axiom". In my chapter 5 I prove that it follows from the building properties. – paul garrett Dec 18 '11 at 15:01
So just to confirm that I understand what you are saying notationwise: In your notation $B$ is the pullback of the Borel subrgoup $B'$ in $GL(n, o/p)$ along the projection $GL(n,o) \rightarrow \GL(n, o/p)$ and $w$ runs through the normalizer of all diagonal matrices $M$ (=affine Weyl group $MW$?). This is called affine Cartan decomposition? What is $N$ in the $BN$ pair, if $B$ is the Iwahori? ($N=MW$?) I am rather fine with using axioms, but it usually gives me a headache to verify that they hold for specific examples. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 16:53
_USER_: Yes, in this situation, $B$ can be described as the inverse image in $GL(n,o)$ of the Borel in $GL(n,o/p)$. Yes, the affine Weyl group is normalizer of diagonals, modulo diagonal unit matrices. In my book/notes I verify (as did Bruhat and Tits ages ago, maybe it's in Bourbaki Lie ch. iv-...?) that the affine building for $SL(n,k)$ can be constructed via homothety classes of lattices. Then the building properties prove an abstracted Bruhat decomposition. One can also prove, following Tits, that the Coxeter-group property follows from the building set-up. – paul garrett Dec 18 '11 at 18:22
Your Answer


text:
FORT CHAMBERS. Fort Chambers, built during the Civil War, was a small Confederate mud fortification located about halfway between the site of Fort Anahuac and the town of Anahuac in Chambers County. It was built in late 1862 under the direction of Heinrich Mueller of Galveston, who was in the Confederate military service. Its construction came after an inspection of coastal defenses by Commander William W. Hunter of the Confederate Navy in January 1862. The small fort, which was named for Thomas Jefferson Chambers, included two cannons, a twenty-four pounder and a thirty-two pounder. They were later mounted outside the doors of Galveston's Artillery Hall.
Jewel Horace Harry, A History of Chambers County (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1940; rpt., Dallas: Taylor, 1981). Margaret S. Henson and Kevin Ladd, Chambers County: A Pictorial History (Norfolk, Virginia: Donning, 1988). Adele B. Looscan, "The Old Fort at Anahuac," Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 2 (July 1898).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Kevin Ladd, "FORT CHAMBERS," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 23, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Strategic Plan
ACS Strategic Plan Keeps Society Focused on Supporting Chemists' Aspirations
The ACS Strategic Plan for 2011 and Beyond incorporates ideas from a broad range of members and stakeholders to ensure that ACS remains the leading professional society in chemistry for our members and our science. The ACS Board of Directors conducted internal and external environmental scans of the evolving challenges and opportunities related to each goal, and specific strategies and metrics were revised accordingly. Some strategies represent ongoing work from last year, while others are new initiatives that remain a priority.
Our vision, mission, and core values continue to be the foundation of the plan. The centerpiece of the plan continues to be its aspirational goals, of which there are now five. What was formerly a goal of the ACS Strategic Plan, "ACS will be a financially sustainable organization that serves members, chemistry and related sciences," is the subject of a new Preamble to the plan. Maintaining financial sustainability has always been a critical focus of ACS, cutting across all of our activities. The goals, in brief, continue to be providing indispensable information, engaging the global community, addressing global challenges, communicating with the public, and advocating for the profession.


crowded station like Bond Street, twenty-four times an hour in both directions, that could mean massive amounts of energy flows generating heat in the station tunnels.
Remember that London's tube train are smaller, have similar frequencies and have regenerative braking working through a third-rail system.
Surely, if the train is fitted with a battery or batteries capable of handling these amounts of energy, it must be more efficient to store and recover the energy from the batteries.
Batteries also get rid of a vicious circle.
 - Feeding the braking energy back to the overhead wire must generate heat.
 - Feeding the start-up energy to the train from the overhead wire must generate heat.
 - All this heat would need bigger air-conditioning, which requires more energy to be drawn by the train.
Batteries which eliminate a lot of the high heat-producing electricity currents in the tunnels at stations, are one way of breaking the circle and creating trains that use less energy.
After writing this, I think it is obvious now, why the trains will be tested in short formations between Liverpool Street and Shenfield.
The trains could be without any batteries during initial service testing, as all the reasons, I have given above for batteries don't apply on this section of Crossrail.
 - Regenerative braking can either work using two-way currents on the upgraded overhead wiring or not be used during testing.
 - Remote wake-up is not needed, as the trains will be stored overnight at Ilford depot initially.
 - Ilford depot is still wired, although the jury may be out on that, given the depot is being rebuilt.
 - There will be no need to do rescues in tunnels.
Once the trains have proven they can cope with herds of Essex girls and boys, batteries could be fitted, to test their design and operation.
You have to admire Bombardier's careful planning, if this is the way the company is going.
Could the following be the operating regime for Crossrail going from Shenfield to Reading?
 - The train runs normally between Shenfield and Stratford, using regenerative braking through the overhead wires or batteries.
 - The train arrives at Stratford with enough power in the batteries to come back out or get to a station, if there was a total power failure.
 - The train uses regenerative braking with the batteries between Whitechapel and Paddington.
 - In the tunnels, the power levels in the batteries, are kept high enough to allow train recovery.
 - Once in the open, regenerative braking could use overhead wires or batteries as appropriate.
 - The train even handles complete power failure and perhaps a problem with one pair of power cars, as the train is in effect two half-trains coupled together, with at least two of everything.
Has there ever been a train design like it?
It looks to me, that the Aventra and Talent 3 trains are just different-sized packages for the same sets of components like Flex-Eco bogies and Primove batteries.
One train is for the UK and the other for Europe and the rest of the world.
But have the two design teams been borrowing ideas and components from both sides of the Channel?
You bet they have!
Brexit? What Brexit?
The engineers of Crossrail, have not only dug one of the biggest holes in Europe for a long time, but with Bombardier's engineers, they could also have designed a very efficient and different way of getting passengers through it.
I am very strongly of the opinion, that putting batteries on the trains to handle regenerative braking in tunnels, is almost essential, as it is simpler, possibly more affordable and cuts the amount of heat generated in the tunnels.
September 24, 2016 - Posted by | Transport |,,,,,,
 1. I remember reading that the Class 345s will be fitted with the sort of battery you describe (the increase in carriage length to 23m makes this possible), but the purpose for this is self-recovery if power is lost while underground. In a similar vein to the single diesel power pack fitted on a Class 801.
 Presumably this battery is charged through the overhead lines and/or regenerative braking, but it won't be used in normal service.
 Comment by David | September 30, 2016 | Reply
 - Perhaps not so much with Crossrail, but certainly with Abellio, the automatic wake-up of a train in a cold siding for the driver to get in and take it away, would be a good function and soming that would need a battery.
 Obviously, if you have batteries on the train, yu get all sorts of advantages, with as you say, recovery being the most important.
 I was on a Northern train last weekend and an off-duty driver was sitting next to me. I told him about the Aventras and he particularly liked the automatic wake-up feature, as there are places in the North where ytrains can get really freezing overnight.
 Certainly those that work on the railway understand what batteries can do for their comfort and safety.
 Comment by AnonW | September 30, 2016 | Reply
 2. […] Bombardier are developing trains with onboard electric storage and have a philosophy for all markets as I wrote iabout in Parallel Thinking From Bombardier. […]
 Pingback by Bi-Mode Ate My Electrification « The Anonymous Widower | December 22, 2016 | Reply
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text:
A type is LessThanComparable if it is ordered: it must be possible to compare two objects of that type using operator<, and operator< must be a strict weak ordering relation.
|X||A type that is a model of LessThanComparable|
|x, y, z||Object of type X|
Consider the relation!(x < y) &&!(y < x). If this relation is transitive (that is, if!(x < y) &&!(y < x) &&!(y < z) &&!(z < y) implies!(x < z) &&!(z < x)), then it satisfies the mathematical definition of an equivalence relation. In this case, operator< is a strict weak ordering.
If operator< is a strict weak ordering, and if each equivalence class has only a single element, then operator< is a total ordering.
|Name||Expression||Type requirements||Return type|
|Less||x < y||Convertible to bool|
|Less||x < y||x and y are in the domain of <|
|Irreflexivity||x < x must be false.|
|Antisymmetry||x < y implies!(y < x) |
|Transitivity||x < y and y < z implies x < z |
 Only operator< is fundamental; the other inequality operators are essentially syntactic sugar.
 Antisymmetry is a theorem, not an axiom: it follows from irreflexivity and transitivity.
 Because of irreflexivity and transitivity, operator< always satisfies the definition of a partial ordering. The definition of a strict weak ordering is stricter, and the definition of a total ordering is stricter still.
Revised 05 December, 2006
|Copyright © 2000||Jeremy Siek, Univ.of Notre Dame (_EMAIL_)|
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at _URL_


text: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise adverse effects after spinal manipulation reported in the South Korean literature. The Korean literature was searched for relevant articles. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. They reported a total of 18 cases. In most instances, the patient made a full recovery. The implicated treatment was frequently a spinal manipulation technique that is an integral part of traditional Korean medicine. It is concluded that adverse effects after spinal manipulation are not specific to chiropractic but occur with most types of spinal manipulation. Incidence figures can, however, not be derived from the data available to date.


text:
Ergobulk Engineering provides air-conveying systems of the following types:
- Pressure air-conveying systems with blower and airlock (dilute phase systems)
- Vacuum air-conveying systems
- Pressure air-conveying systems with pressure vessel (dense phase systems)
All air-conveying systems are calculated with the use of a special program, as well as the data regarding the different parameters for each material.
Our air-conveying systems include complete assemblies of Roots or side-channel blowers and the equipment for the separation of the material from the air is either cyclones or filter-cyclones.
Ergobulk Engineering has installed air-conveying systems for several materials, like:
- Food raw materials (flour, sugar, cocoa, additives etc.)
- PVC powder
- Plastic granules (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC granules etc.)
- Calcium carbonate
- Raw materials for the chemical industry (titanium dioxide, zeolite, sodium carbonate etc.)
· Raw materials for fertilizer factories.


Channels ▼
A Build System for Complex Projects: Part 3
The NetBeans Helper
The NetBeans Helper class is responsible for implementing all the code that is NetBeans-specific. The generic script is using this helper to generate all the NetBeans project files (inside the nbproject directory) for each project and a project group that includes all the generated project. Let's take a closer look at this class. The first thing it does is import some useful system modules and then import the BaseHelper and Template classes from the build_system_generator module (as well as the 'title' function for debugging purposes):
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os, sys, string
from pprint import pprint as pp
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), '../'))
from build_system_generator import (BaseHelper,
Then the Helperclass is defined. This is the class that the build system generator module is using to customize the build system generation for each specific target (NetBeans 6.x in this case). The __init__() method accepts the templates_dir, which is the path to the root of the templates directory used to generate all the build files. It also initializes the separator ('/') and line separator ('\n') to Unix values to make the generated files fit well in their intended environment. The skip_dir is used to tell the recursive drill-down code that looks for projects in sub-directories to ignore directories called 'nbproject' (which is the special sub-directory used by NetBeans to store the build files). The other methods this class implements are: get_templates(), prepare_substitution_dict(), and generate_workspace_files().
class Helper(BaseHelper):
 """NetBeans6 helper
 def __init__(self, templates_dir):
 BaseHelper.__init__(self, templates_dir)
 self.sep = '/'
 self.linesep = '\n'
 self.skip_dir = 'nbproject'
 def get_templates(self, template_type):
 def prepare_substitution_dict(self,...):
 def generate_workspace_files(self, name, root_path, projects):
The get_templates()method is pretty simple. For each build file there is a corresponding template file. These template files are just skeleton of real build files, with some place holders. You will see all the template files soon enough. The get_templates() method just iterates over all the template files (located in the nbproject) and adds a template for the Makefile in the project directory itself. For each such build a file a Template object is generated. Finally the list of Template objects is returned.
 def get_templates(self, template_type):
 result = [Template(os.path.join(self.templates_dir,
 nb_project = os.path.join(self.templates_dir, template_type, 'nbproject')
 assert os.path.isdir(nb_project)
 for f in os.listdir(nb_project):
 project_file_template = os.path.join(nb_project, f)
 if not os.path.isfile(project_file_template):
 filename = os.path.join(nb_project, f)
 relative_path = '/'.join(['nbproject', f])
 result.append(Template(filename, relative_path, template_type))
 return result
This method is the heart of NetBeans6_Helper class. It is responsible for creating a substitution dictionary that contains all the values to be substituted into the templates of each build file. This is not so trivial because some place holders are supposed to be replaced by dynamic content that is generated on the fly. In addition, as you saw earlier NetBeans has quite a few build files. The prepare_substitution_dict() method has several nested function to assist in prepare the substitution dictionary for each one of them. The nested functions are:
 - prepare_makefile() for generating the and files
 - prepare_configurations_xml() for generating configurations.xml
 - prepare_project_properties() for generating
 - prepare_project_xml() for generating project.xml
The substitution dict for the project's main Makefile is empty because it is a generic file that doesn't have any place holder and the substitution dict for the file contains only the name of the project so no helper function is necessary. Here is the code of the method (without the nested functions). It accepts a long list of arguments that the various nested functions use to generate the proper values. The operating system and the dynamic library extension are also determined here. This method is called multiple times with different template names (each template_name corresponds to a build file) and prepare_substitution_dict() calls the proper nested function or generates the dict directly (for Makefile and
def prepare_substitution_dict(self,
if platform.startswith('darwin'):
 operating_system = 'MacOSX'
 ext = 'dylib'
elif platform.startswith('linux'):
 operating_system = 'Linux'
 ext ='so'
temaplate_name = os.path.basename(project_file_template)
if temaplate_name == 'Makefile':
 return {}
if temaplate_name == '':
 return prepare_makefile('Debug', operating_system)
if temaplate_name == '':
 return prepare_makefile('Release', operating_system)
if temaplate_name == '':
 return dict(Name=os.path.basename(project_dir))
if temaplate_name == 'configurations.xml':
 return prepare_configurations_xml(operating_system)
if temaplate_name == '':
 return prepare_project_properties()
if temaplate_name == 'project.xml':
 return prepare_project_xml(dependencies)
assert False, 'Invalid project file template:'+ temaplate_name
return {}
Now, let's examine one of nested functions. I chose the prepare_makefile() function because it is not trivial. The keys in its substitution dictionary are: 'ObjectFiles', 'CompileFiles', 'LinkCommand', 'LDLIBSOPTIONS', 'BuildSubprojects', 'CleanSubprojects', 'OperatingSystem' and 'DynamicLibExtension'. Some of these are simple strings like 'OperatingSystem' and 'DynamicLibExtension'. Others are much more complicated like 'CompileFiles', which is a list of compile commands where each command itself requires a template with substitution values such as 'File', 'CompileFlag', 'Platform' and 'FPIC'. The link command depends on the project type and ldliboptions depends on the platform. Here is the code:
 def prepare_makefile(conf, operating_system):
 compile_flag = '-g' if conf == 'Debug' else '-O2'
 d = dict(Name=project_name)
 object_file_template = ' ${OBJECTDIR}/%s.o \\\n'
 object_files = ''
 for f in source_files:
 f = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(f))[0]
 object_files += object_file_template % f
 # Flag for dynamic libraries
 fpic = '-fPIC 'if project_type == 'dynamic_lib' else ''
 # Get rid of last forward slash
 if len(object_files) > 2:
 object_files = object_files[:-3]
 d['ObjectFiles'] = object_files
 compile_file_template = \
 '$${OBJECTDIR}/${File}.o: ${File}.cpp \n' + \
 '\t$${MKDIR} -p $${OBJECTDIR}\n' + \
 '\t$$( ${CompileFlag} -I../.. ${FPIC}-o $${OBJECTDIR}/${File}.o ${File}.cpp\n\n'
 t = string.Template(compile_file_template)
 compile_files = ''
 for f in source_files:
 f = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(f))[0]
 text = t.substitute(dict(File=f,
 compile_files += text
 # Get rid of the last two \n\n.
 compile_files = compile_files[:-2]
 d['CompileFiles'] = compile_files
 link_command = ''
 if project_type == 'dynamic_lib':
 if platform.startswith('darwin'):
 link_command = '${} -dynamiclib -install_name lib%s.dylib' % project_name
 assert platform.startswith('linux')
 link_command = '${LINK.c} -shared'
 d['LinkCommand'] = link_command
 ldlibsoptions = ''
 if dependencies!= []:
 ldliboption_template = '../../hw/%s/dist/%s/GNU-%s/lib%s.a'
 ldlibsoptions =''.join([ldliboption_template % \
 (, conf, operating_system,
 for dep in dependencies])
 if operating_system == 'Linux':
 ldlibsoptions +='-ldl'
 d['LDLIBSOPTIONS'] = ldlibsoptions
 build_subproject_template = '\tcd../../hw/%s && ${MAKE} -f Makefile CONF=%s'
 clean_subproject_template = build_subproject_template +'clean'
 build_list = [build_subproject_template % (, conf) for dep in dependencies]
 clean_list = [clean_subproject_template % (, conf) for dep in dependencies]
 d['BuildSubprojects'] = '\n'.join(build_list)
 d['CleanSubprojects'] = '\n'.join(clean_list)
 d['OperatingSystem'] = operating_system
 d['DynamicLibExtension'] = ext
 return d
Note, that there are better ways to accomplish this task. There are several third-party template languages like Genshi, Mako, Tempita and Jinja. These template engines can handle the nested templates that prepare_makefile() generates manually in a much more natural way. The code could have been much shorter and concise. I made a deliberate decision to use only standard Python libraries in the interest of keeping the scope of this project limited. Choosing a particular template language/engine would have made the code shorter, but required the reader to


text:
Engineering capstone courses are the ultimate learning activity in an engineering undergraduate program, designed to teach students a variety of valuable skills linked to using technology to solve problems. The course should teach: teamwork, engineering design, problem solving, communications and project management. Unfortunately Capstone outcomes can fail to achieve potential, through solving poor problems, discounting user feedback, and ignoring technology viability. TechConnect is designed to run in parallel with a Capstone Course, and address these issues.
- Use Design Thinking principles/Jobs-To-Be-Done framework, to identify potential problems that can be addressed by technology
- Refine/validate identified problem to be clear on problem you are solving, for whom it is being solved & how success is measured.
- Use structured process to validate each stage of development, from idea/job being done to value proposition & business model.
- Understand roles of different decision makers in the adoption process, and identify specific barriers to adoption to be addressed.
- Enhance the design specification to overcome these barriers or to meet the technical requirements of a proposed business model
- Learn to use customer discovery techniques to gather evidence to validate each stage of the technology development in capstone project
Four workshops over term, in parallel with capstone project:
- Problem identification / refinement
- Identifying value proposition
- Understanding barriers to adoption
- Technology/Business model options
- Importance of technology commercialization
- Evidenced based technology commercialization
- Design Thinking
- Jobs To Be Done
- Value Proposition Canvas
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Customer Discovery
- Market Segmentation
- Barriers to Adoption
- First Customers
- Technology/Service Offerings
- Alternate Business Models
- Licensing versus Venture Creation
- Critical Factors for Venture Success
The course is offered to undergraduate students completing their Capstone Projects. Each lesson (usually 30 minutes) provides a structured guideline to complement the Capstone Course, where student teams are required to complete a worksheet, & share it with their colleagues and faculty.
Dr. Andrew Maxwell received his Ph.D. in Management Science at the University of Waterloo in 2011, winning the Academy of Management's Heizer Award. Prior to this he completed an MBA at London Business School, and a B.Sc. (Eng.) in Electrical Engineering from Imperial College London. He has been Chief Innovation Officer at the Canadian Innovation Centre for the past 15 years, developing and delivering innovative and entrepreneurial programs and structured experiential courses.
He developed the TechConnect approach with Dr. Mcnamee, while at the Fox School of Business, and College of Engineering at Temple University (Philadelphia). It has since been deployed as one day workshops, as complements to undergraduate capstone engineering courses, and as a graduate course. In addition the methodology has also been deployed at a number of technology industry associations, with university technology transfer offices, inside specialist venture firms and in private and public research and development organizations. Users of the process find this approach illuminating, enhancing their understanding of the challenges of developing new technologies that will be used by users, and the need to better understand the psychology and emotions of potential users and other stakeholders. Organizations deploying this process often see a four-fold increase in the number of research projects reaching first customer.


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Unitary in a sentence
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Sentence count:147Posted:2016-12-13Updated:2016-12-13
Similar words: unitary systemmilitaryunituniteunityguitarpunitiveimpunityMeaning: ['juːnɪtərɪ] adj. 1. relating to or characterized by or aiming toward unity 2. of or pertaining to or involving the use of units 3. characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority 4. having the indivisible character of a unit.
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1. Wales will be divided into 21 unitary authorities instead of eight counties and 37 districts.
2. We are predisposed towards unitary authorities.
3. Operations should be run by a highly centralized unitary body which would provide services on the trunk routes of the world.
4. In the large conurbations, the creation of unitary authorities has required new quangos and joint boards to handle such issues.
5. We will reform principal local councils into a unitary system based on natural communities and the wishes of local people.
7. In unitary states, governments must evaluate the trade-off between higher taxes and higher welfare benefits.
9. They argue strongly for the retention of the unitary board(, where all directors take collective responsibility for all board decisions.
10. The major advantage of a unitary state is the presence of clear, hierarchical authority.
11. As such it complements the introduction of unitary development plans for the metropolitan districts.
12. In the unitary and harmonious female Spirit-Self there will be no such splits.
13. The new unitary authorities there will be known as county councils.
14. This highlights the second major difficulty with the theories, the general assumption that there is a unitary dimension of arousal.
15. The Royal Commission had recommended a regional tier as a necessary complement to a unitary system of local authorities.
16. Unitary Because all legislative power stems from Parliament,[] we have a unitary as opposed to a federal constitution.
17. Such a step allows development of theory which can explain social transformation in terms of unitary types of activity. 2.
18. It was becoming an alliance of the trade union movement with a unitary political party.
19. We believe that there are strong arguments in favour of unitary authorities.
20. Being defined in terms of tension or paradox, ambiguity's potential diversity was restored to some sort of unitary wholeness.
21. Green Belt functions were transferred to the lower tier authorities who are now required to prepare unitary development plans for their areas.
22. Indeed, it helps to demolish the farcical notion of general, unitary intelligence altogether.
23. The smallest metropolitan county had, therefore, a population approximately double that of the largest unitary authority.
24. One way to tackle these is to recall the words of musicians who were disturbed by unitary control.
26. In a statement Mr Gould said Labour was committed to unitary authorities.
27. More than 70 percent of the current countries are unitary states.
28. Operational experience of real systems design reinforces doubts about the allocation of function concept as a basis for a unitary systematic procedure.
29. These staff members would have to be replicated in any unitary structures that emerge following reform in this region.
30. The degree to which the entire godhead is evoked as a unitary spiritual conception depends upon the circumstances.
More similar words: unitary systemmilitaryunituniteunityguitarpunitiveimpunitycommunitydietarymunitionsmomentarysecretaryvoluntarycommentarymilitarismopportunityelementarydocumentaryunited nationstotalitarianismstarstaretunicuniqueunionnitstarttarrytarget
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Practical Tips To Clean Stains On The Walls Of A Minimalist Home
Not only is the condition of the floor, furniture, or yard that determines whether your house is clean or not, the condition of the walls must also receive attention. The reason is that even though your minimalist house is clean but the walls are full of stains, the house will still look dull and unattractive. A house with dirty walls also runs the risk of lowering the selling price — if one day you want to sell the house. So, to keep it looking clean and comfortable, start cleaning the walls of the house using home painting services; some stains can be cleaned easily, such as oil stains, food crumb stains, and mud stains. Cleaning usually can be done by wiping it with a tissue, sponge, or damp cloth. Meanwhile, for some types of stains that contain chemicals, such as pen or marker scribbles, oil paint is usually difficult to remove, unless you clean it as soon as the stain is exposed to the wall.
Food coloring stains, such as chocolate, sauce, or jam, can be removed simply by wiping the walls with a cloth or paper towel. Meanwhile, coconut milk food stains, gravy stains, and mud stains can be removed by wiping them with a cloth soaked in warm water to remove the oil or grease. One of the causes of dull walls is not necessarily food or soil stains, but rather dust left on. If the buildup is not impossible, it will make the walls damp and cause mold. So, at least clean the walls — especially the outer walls of the house — every two weeks with a broom or wipe them with an old cloth. Markers or pen stains should be cleaned with the help of baking soda or vinegar. The trick, add one tablespoon of baking soda or vinegar to half a small bucket of water. Then dip the sponge in the liquid and wash the sponge over the surface of the stained wall.
To clean a moss stain, it's best to open a window, as the scent of moss tends to be strong and makes it hard to breathe freely. Remove the moss stain with lemon juice. The trick, mix lemon with a glass of water then put it in a spray bottle. Spray onto the wall surface and then wipe with a cloth.


3 Steps to Create a Project Contract
By | February 2, 2021
3 Steps to Create a Project Contract
Every application, programming, and even a basic job starts with an idea. However, there are several steps between the inception and starting the development of that idea. Most important among the proceedings to fulfill a project is the project contract establishment. However, a process exists between the first meeting with the client and the signing of the contract. Read on to know more.
The importance of project contract
So, why bother going through the whole nine yards of writing and enforcing a contract for any project? The reason is simple; to keep the client and the company providing the job on the same page. As mentioned earlier, the essential details are mentioned in the project contract, but it may change depending upon the need of the client, company, or the project. Some of the other benefits provided by a project contract can be listed as;
 - Alignment of expectations
It is important to know the expectations and the requirements of the client, along with the provisions and services provided by the company. The project contract ensures the alignment of the requirements and the targets of the project between the company and the client.
 - Specifying the needed details
The project contract specifies the details of the working relationship between the client and the company with all the required details. For example, the contract can stipulate the time limit of delivery of any project or the correct time to pay the money. These specifications help in building the roadmap of the whole project.
 - Protection of the business
A written legal contract provides a sense of security to the clients and the company. In any case, if either of them refrains or become unsuccessful in fulfilling a condition, the other party can take legal action against them. After both parties have understood and signed the document, the contract becomes officially mandatory. With a legally binding document supporting the project contract, each of the parties has a solid reason to fulfill the terms and conditions set for the job and protect their rights in official and legal matters.
Creating a project contract
A project contract is made after the client and the service provider party agrees upon the conditions and other required points. Usually, the legal representative of each of the parties will review the conditions, change some of them if necessary, and then present it to their respective clients for final signature. The intermediate steps occurring between these events can be divided into three distinct periods. The three steps of creating a project contract can be given as;
 1. Establishment of the fundamentals
The first step of creating a project contract is to specify the basics of the job being offered. Let us discuss this taking the development of an app as an example. Usually, the client's concern will provide the content and the concept to the service provider. After that, the question of selecting the platform will come, whether it should be android, iOS, web, or any other. Besides, the management requirements of the contents and the vision and goal for the near future will also have to be discussed.
The features of this app and the technical feasibility and options provided will also be a topic of discussion. Lastly, the timeline of the project will have to be selected, whether it is a stringent one or flexible; so that the steps to be taken in such cases could be decided beforehand.
Just like the example mentioned above, any project contract will have to touch upon the several pointers mentioned above. The factors governing the project contract may change, however, the overall arrangement shall remain the same.
 1. Defining the scope
After hashing out the basics of the contact, comes the establishment of the scope of the project. Let us extend the example of the app development mentioned earlier. After the establishment of a high-level idea together, the client and the provider parties will have to go into the details and make a scope document. What would be the features of this document? It will explain and underline every feature of the app, including any back-end content management system and incorporation job. Essentially, it is an itemized list of the functions the app would include and the labor, both physical and digitalit would need to complete the project.
Again, this principle would be feasible on any service and its related project contract. All the clients and the service provider need to get cleared about should be scoped out properly and the project contract should be designed likewise.
 1. Cost and phase determination
After the establishment of defined project scope, each of the items on the lines of the project contract is a point to reimbursement of the costs. There would be fixed proposals of costs based on an estimation of labor required for the project, along with a consolidated amount for the total project.
In this context, the job would be needed to be broken into different phases, especially logical divisions that direct the commencing of work. However, this may or may not be driven by the budget. The service provider company can design a product with the most basic features before improving, adding, launching, or testing before adding more features. This is called a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) which can be used as the template for a functional product. Depending upon the client, the project can be phased or prepared with all the features discussed. Accordingly, the project contract is prepared which outlines all the feasible requirements of the client (agreed upon by the service provider), the time, and the total cost of the project.
Including every detail
More than a document filled with important legal guidelines, a project contract outlines the essential details like the range of the project, deliverables, reimbursement, timeline, and other emergencies. These guidelines and their execution determine the running of the business and the ways to protect it if any problems arise in the course. So, the inclusion of all the required features and their conditions in detail would be helpful in the long run.
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text:
National Microbial Pathogen Data Resource Center
NMPDR is a Bioinformatics Resource Center that provides the advanced bioinformatics environment needed to identify genetic polymorphisms correlated with pathogenicity, drug resistance, morbidity, and infectivity. NMPDR is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) to support research in biodefense, emerging infectious diseases, and re-emerging pathogens. NMPDR is both a central repository for a wide variety of scientific data on these pathogenic microorganisms and a platform for software tools that support investigator-driven data analysis, such as the identification of potential targets for the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. NMPDR's goal is to support existing and newly developed techniques for comparative analysis to obtain a deeper understanding of the fundamental biology of a specific set of pathogenic organisms, and to promote efforts to counter the threats posed by these pathogens. The resource will integrate hundreds (and, eventually, thousands) of prokaryotic genomes with existing and newly generated functional data to support characterization and analysis of Category B food and water-borne diarrheagenic bacteria.


text:
According to the Reactive Manifesto, a critical element in any Reactive system is that it is message-driven. But what does it mean to be message-driven?
Message-driven systems are those that communicate primarily through asynchronous and non-blocking messages. Messages enable us to build systems that are both resilient, and elastic, and therefore responsive under a variety of situations.
Message Driven Architecture
We have various ways of accomplishing synchronous and asynchronous messaging. But when we try to use synchronous messages to accomplish the task where an asynchronous message is required or vice-versa, things break down. Thus we need to make sure that we're using the right tool for the job.
Usage of Asynchronous Messaging
Asynchronous messaging is used when the messages can be sent without waiting for a response. It is used to avoid the situation where two parts of the system are waiting on each other, and consuming resources the entire time. Using asynchronous and non-blocking messages, resources like threads, memory, etc. can be freed immediately, and contention is reduced, which in turn improves scalability. It provides a higher rate of reliability because messages can be queued for delivery in case the receiver is off-line. It also allows us to have portions of the system go off-line for sometimes, and have the remainder of the system to continue to operate as normal.
Cost of Asynchronous Messaging
Asynchronous messages make transactions more difficult because transaction remains open potentially for a long period, which makes systems very slow and brittle. Using transactions that cross micro-service boundaries should be avoided because, some services may be unavailable, or multiple databases may be involved, and long-running transactions increase contention.
Usage of Synchronous Messaging
Asynchronous messages should be the backbone of Reactive Systems. To achieve this, synchronous messages can also be used but their requirements can often be relaxed. So rather than sending a message and waiting for a response, we might just send a message and have the receiver acknowledge that they received the message.
Cost of Synchronous Messaging
Technically it's often very convenient to build using fully synchronous messages. But there are costs associated with it. Those costs show up in the forms of inability to scale and reduced reliability.
So our goal should be to understand the difference between synchronous and asynchronous messaging and the consequences of choosing between the two.
Guaranteeing Delivery of Messages
As we build out our distributed systems, we are forced to confront the reality that delivering messages in a distributed system is complicated. We need to be careful to ensure guaranteed delivery of messages, that means, a message should be delivered to the correct recipient, the expected number of times. To provide these guarantees, we need new tools and techniques.
At Most Once Delivery
At Most Once delivery promises that no message will ever be delivered more than once. If a failure occurs, message delivery is never retried, which means that messages are never duplicated, but they could be lost. The advantage of this delivery technique is that it is very easy to implement, and does not require the storage of messages.
At Least Once Delivery
At Least Once delivery guarantees that all messages will eventually be delivered. When a failure occurs, there are two possibilities. One possibility is that the message may not have been delivered. The other possibility is that the message may have been delivered but not acknowledged. Failure always results in a retry, which means that messages may be delivered more than once, but they're never lost. This delivery technique requires the storage of messages at the sender's side.
Exactly Once Delivery
Exactly Once delivery is not easily achievable because, in the event of a network partition or a lost message, we can't guarantee whether our message is received. When a failure occurs, we have to resend the message to ensure guaranteed delivery, but this could create potential duplicates. Thus to simulate Exactly Once delivery, At Least Once delivery technique is used, and deduplication of messages is performed at the receiver's end. This delivery technique requires storage on both the sender and the receiver.
Implementation of Guaranteed Delivery Techniques
Akka uses At Most Once delivery by default. However, Akka persistence has an option for At Least Once delivery. Whereas Lagom supports both At Least Once delivery and At Most Once delivery through its message broker API.
To implement guaranteed delivery techniques, there are two distinct approaches. One approach is, each microservice can depend directly on other microservices, which means sending messages in a Point-to-Point fashion. The other approach is, each microservice can leverage Publish/Subscribe message broker to get messages from other services.
In a Point-to-Point setup, each service sends messages directly to other services, which means they are directly coupled to each other's API. The advantage of this approach is that services know about their dependencies, which allows an easy understanding of the flow of messages. This advantage also acts as a disadvantage, as services are highly coupled with each other.
In a Publish/Subscribe setup, we have a series of microservices and a central message bus or message broker. Services publish messages to the common message bus, and then other services subscribe to those messages. This means that the publishing service does not know about the subscribing service, and vice-versa. Thus the advantage of this approach is that dependencies are much more flexible, which makes this a very decoupled approach.
Akka actors are typically implemented with Point-to-Point messaging. Lagom also supports Point-to-Point communication between services. Internal to our microservice, we have the Publish/Subscribe mechanism, and to use that, we can use Akka Persistence.


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Synonyms: Faget sign, Sphygmo-thermic dissociation, Sphygmo-thermal dissociation
Definition of Relative Bradycardia
Physiologically, for each 1 °F rise in body temperature, there is a commensurate increase in the heart rate of 10 beats/min. When temperature elevations are not accompanied by a physiologic increase in the pulse, the patient is said to have a pulse-temperature deficit.
However, the term 'relative bradycardia' should only be applied to patients with temperatures in excess of 102 ° F since the difference between pulse and temperature readings of ≤ 102 ° F is insufficient to discern pulse temperature abnormalities.
Diagnosis of Relative Bradycardia
Criteria for using relative bradycardia in clinical diagnosis:
- Age of patient >= 13 years
- Temperature >= 102°F and <= 106°F
- The pulse is taken simultaneously with the temperature.
- The patient has normal sinus rhythm with no arrhythmias, second or third degree heart block, or pacemaker.
- The patient must not be taking beta-blockers.
Calculation of Expected pulse rate:
a. Method 1:
- Subtract 1 from the last digit of the farenheit temperature, multiply by 10, and then add the number to 100.
- Example: 103°F = (3-1) X 10 + 100 = 120/min
- Any pulse <120/min with a temperature ≥103°F is considered relative bradycardia.
b. Method 2:
- Multiply farenheit temperature by 10 and subtract 910 from it.
- Example: 103°F = (103 X 10) – 910 = 120/min
c. Method 3:
- Just use the unitary method.
- Add 10 for each 1°F above 102°F to 110
- Example: 103°F = 110 + 10 = 120
Appropriate temperature-pulse relationship:
|Temperature||Pulse in Beats per Minute|
|102°F (38.9 °C)||110|
|103°F (39.5 °C)||120|
|104°F (40.0 °C)||130|
|105°F (40.6 °C)||140|
|106°F (41.1 °C)||150|
Causes of relative bradycardia
- Dengue fever
- Yellow fever
- Salmonella typhi
- Salmonella paratyphi
- Chlamydia psitacci
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Ricketssia prowazeki (epidemic typhus)
- Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
- Ehlrichia chafeensis
- Parasites: Malaria
- Rise in ICP (Cushing's reflex):
- Brain abscess
- Brain tumors
- Pontine hemorrhage
- Other: Lymphoma, Drug fevers
Aids to Diagnosis
- Pneumonia + Relative bradycardia = Think of Atypical pneumonia (Legionella, Q fever, Chlamydia pneumoniae)
- Hospitalization + Multiple drugs for treatment + Other causes of fever excluded + Relative bradycardia = Think of Drug fever
- Rashes + Relative bradycardia = Think of Typhus or RMSF
- Hemorrhagic rash + Systemic toxemia + Relative bradycardia = Think of viral hemorrhagic fever
- Headache + Constipation/Diarrhea + Cough + Relative bradycardia = Think of 1st week of enteric fever
- Hospital Medicine edited by Robert M. Wachter, Lee Goldman (MD.), Harry Hollander
- Infectious Disease Secrets By Robert H. Gates
- Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine By Burke A. Cunha
- Cunha, B. A. (2000), The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6: 633–634. doi:10.1046/j._PHONE_.2000.0194f.x


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Using Audio Ducking to Balance Voice-overs and Background Music in PowerDirector 16
Audio Ducking is a powerful new feature in PowerDirector 16. Audio Ducking can automatically optimize the audio mix in videos that contain dialogue or narration by fading backing music tracks so that speech can be clearly heard.
Step 1: Import your Video and Background Music
Drag and drop your video and background music onto the timeline. They should appear on two different tracks.
Step 2: Using the Audio Ducking Tool
Select the video or audio clip on the timeline that you want to have a lower volume and click on Tools > Audio Ducking. In this case we have selected the background music track.
In the Audio Ducking window, you can customize the following controls:
- Sensitivity: sets the level of dialogue/narration detection in other clips.
- Ducking level: sets how much you want to reduce the volume in the selected clip.
- Fade-out duration: sets the duration for lowering the volume in the selected clip.
- Fade-in duration: sets the duration for restoring the audio level once the dialogue/narration in the other clip ends.
Select the Apply to all clips on the same track option if you want the audio ducking applied to all the clips in your video project timeline. Once finished click OK to apply.
On your timeline you should now be able to see that the audio levels of the background music track are lower when there is narration on the main video clip.
PowerDirector 18 Essential
Free Software With 30-Day Premium Features


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The Virgo Pisa group is deeply involved in several crucial aspects of Virgo Advanced, in particular seismic attenuation systems, electronics and control, detector characterization and data analysis.
The pisa group is involved in the Virgo collaboration since its beginning. The group organized itself in 1985 around dr. Adalberto Giazotto, which together with his colleague dr. Alain Brillet in France put the basis for the interferometric detection of gravitational waves in Europe. The initial group of physicists and engineers, mainly with a background in high energy physics, started to investigate one of the main issue for an earth bound interferometric gravitational wave detector, namely the possibility of building suspended optical cavities. Suspensions are needed to maintain the mirrors in their working position. But they should not couple the apparatus to the seismic motion of the ground. The basic idea that was implemented is the one of a chain of pendula, which produces the requested noise rejection in the relevant frequency band, typically above few Hertz. Below this frequency there is no attenuation of noise, and in order to reduce the mirror motion sophisticated active control strategies are needed. The group expanded from its initial nucleus including physicists with competences in optics and data analysis. It had a key role in the construction, commissioning and data taking of Virgo and Virgo+. Several young physicists, which now have key roles in gravitational waves experiments all over the world, did their first steps inside the group. The Pisa group has a fundamental role in the implementation of Virgo Advanced: it is still working on its "traditional" responsibilities, but has a growing interest in data analysis which will be exploited in the next scientific runs.
The two main responsibilities of the group are the mechanical design and implementation of the seismic attenuation systems for the "large" optics and their control. Mechanical attenuators were designed and produced with all their details, and in the past years several R/D projects were developed to improve them. The implementation of the active control is deeply connected with the details of mechanical suspensions. For the advanced detectors both the control strategy (with the introduction of advanced techniques) and the needed hardware (with the design and the production of advanced DSP boards) were improved.
A dedicated subgroup works on data analysis activities. The main field of interest are continuous sources, detection of stochastic background and multi messenger strategies. Several members were actively involved in commissioning activities.


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PostgreSQL – REGEXP_REPLACE Function
 - Last Updated : 01 Feb, 2021
The PostgreSQL REGEXP_REPLACE() function is used to replaces substrings that match a POSIX regular expression with a new substring.
Syntax: REGEXP_REPLACE(source, pattern, replacement_string, [, flags])
Let's analyze the above syntax:
 - The source is a string where the search and replace opertaion in executed.
 - The pattern is a POSIX regular expression for matching substrings which is to be replaced.
 - The replacement_string is a string which replaces the substrings using match the regular expression pattern.
 - The flags argument is used to control the behaviour of the function for matching characters.
 - The PostgreSQL REGEXP_REPLACE() function returns the final string after the replacement of the original string with the substring.
Example 1:
For instance imagine you have a name of a person in the following format:
first_name last_name
And you want to rearrange the name as follows:
last_name, first_name
To do this, you can use the REGEXP_REPLACE() function as shown below:
SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('Raju Kumar', '(.*) (.*)', '\2, \1');
Example 2:
Suppose you have data in the form of a string. This string is mixed with alphabets and digits as follows:
The following query removes all alphabets e.g., A, B, C, etc from the source string:
SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('ABC12345xyz', '[[:alpha:]]', '', 'g');
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Keywords: pro-poor, climate change, mitigation, adaptation, economic growth, energy, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC, Millennium Development Goals, MDGs, low carbon development, LCD, poverty reduction, green economics
Pro-poor low carbon development and the role of growth
Climate change adaptation and mitigation need to cut across all poverty reduction efforts, including any post-2015 architecture. However, low carbon development (LCD) debates to date have been mainly about high and middle-income countries. There are good reasons why even the poorest countries with low emissions might be interested in pursuing LCD. This article assesses the controversial role of growth for LCD. The article argues that we need to link up pro-poor policy debates with the low carbon debates as part of a post-MDG agenda. The paper explores several policy responses to LCD and analyses how pro-poor these policy responses are.


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What is the weather like today?
The weather in Japan is °48 f and it has 90% chance of precipitation. The weather in Italy is °70 f and its sunny. The weather for hamlet is 64° f and its cloudy. 0
Day 2 Google Tricks:
Some tricks i found were tilt, bulid a chrome, google earth
Last week in class we started learning about presentation techniques. The only things i really knew about presentations were the basic things. Now that we have got music i know what self serving is and i understand it.


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Using 3D sensors in robotic welding helps factories improve the weld quality and the laborious manual welding operation, which is particularly good for welding in a dangerous work environment with high temperature and fumes.
Revopoint's Areascan series encompasses 5 models of different sizes of industrial 3D camera to capture objects at distances ranging from 50mm to 2m. It is able to scan objects in real-time and generate a color point cloud. It can offer accuracy as high as 0.05mm, enabling it to capture the precise position of 3D points.
Areascan can be installed on robot arms to automatically track weld seam and guide welding. In the picture below, An Areascan30 camera is installed on a robot arm to scan the seam between two 10×25 black metallic plates. The camera scans the whole area of the plates to track the seam precisely.
At the same time, the software displays the 2D RGB image and depth image. The 3D data will be processed on PC to get the XYZ information of the seam.
- Fast scanning and precise 3D data
- Applicable to diverse scenariors
- Reduce labor cost and work-related injury
- Stable tracking and low error rate
Areascan Tracking different kinds of seams


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This page describes the relationship between Google Cloud projects and Cloud Healthcare API datasets and data stores.
All Cloud Healthcare API usage occurs within the context of a Google Cloud project. A project organizes all your Google Cloud resources. A project consists of a set of users; a set of APIs; and billing, authentication, and monitoring settings for those APIs. So, for example, all of your Cloud Healthcare API data and resources, along with user permissions for accessing them, reside in a project. You can have one project, or you can create multiple projects and use them to organize your Google Cloud resources, including your Cloud Healthcare API data, into logical groups.
Each project that you use to develop Cloud Healthcare API solutions must have the Cloud Healthcare API enabled.
To learn more about Google Cloud projects in general, see Projects in the Google Cloud Overview.
Datasets and data stores
A dataset is a container in your Google Cloud project that holds modality-specific healthcare data. Datasets contain other data stores, such as FHIR stores, DICOM stores, and HL7v2 stores, which in turn hold their own types of healthcare data.
A single dataset can contain one or many data stores, and those stores can all service the same modality or different modalities as application needs dictate. Using multiple stores in the same dataset might be appropriate in various situations, such as:
- If an application processes different types of data, such as a DICOM store used for CT scans and a FHIR store for patient data related to the CT scans.
- To separate data according to its source hospital, clinic, department, and so forth.
An application can access as many datasets or stores as its requirements dictate with no performance penalty. You can design your overall dataset and store architecture to meet your goals for locality, partitioning, access control, and so forth.
The following diagram shows a single Google Cloud project containing two datasets. Each dataset contains multiple data stores, and each data store contains healthcare data:


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Have you ever played with Baby Alive? Perhaps you have one and you have ran out of food for the doll. The Baby Alive food is quite expensive. This how-to will save a lot of your money and most ingredients can be found in your kitchen.
- 3 tbsp baking soda
- 3 tbsp water
- 3 drops food coloring
1First, get out a mixing bowl. Then, add three tablespoons of baking soda in the bowl, making sure you don't add too much or too little.
2After the baking soda has been added into the bowl, pour in three tablespoons of water.
3Once you have poured the baking soda and water into the mixing bowl, you should have a delicious mixture for your Baby Alive. To give the mixture some color, add three drops of food coloring into the bowl.
4Using a spoon, stir the mixture until the contents are completely blended in. While being careful not to spill it and make a mess, serve the food to your Baby Alive doll.
- To make the Baby Alive juice, mix water with food coloring of any color. Pour it into an empty water bottle. After capping the bottle, shake it well and give it to your Baby Alive doll.
- If you don't have food coloring, mix the baking soda and water together.
- To preserve the food, add three teaspoons of salt and place the bowl of food in a refrigerator. Use when desired.
- You can also use sorbitol - a sugar substitute found in health food stores - for the Baby Alive doll's food.
- If you don't have baking soda, mix water and food coloring together.
- Choose warm or hot water to prevent the doll from getting clogged up.
- If you clog your baby alive because you used to much baking soda... Use Apple cider vinegar! Give your baby a rinse with water and then go to the poo hole lol. It will looked very clogged with baking soda. That's okay though! All you need to do is grab a sharp enough object the get all of the baking soda out. after that process rinse with water
- Do not use too much baking soda or it will clog the doll.
- Do not feed your Baby Alive doll with real baby food because this will make your doll smell bad. Also, it might attract insects and small creatures.
- Make sure the mixture is smooth and creamy. If it isn't, it won't work and the doll will get clogged.
Things You'll Need
- Baby Alive bowl or regular bowl
- Baby Alive spoon or any small spoon
- Baby Alive doll
Categories: Playing with Dolls
In other languages:
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 113,905 times.


Teacher De-Registered: 10 Questions for the Education Bureau Misleading, Framing, and Political Murder
A teacher at the Alliance Primary School in Kowloon Tong was accused of disseminating pro-independence messages and consequently de-registered for 'serious professional misconduct', which means the teacher is banned from entering school campuses for life. The principal and vice-principal of the school were reprimanded by the Education Bureau for mismanagement, while teachers who used the same teaching materials received warning letters.
In March last year, the involved teacher designed lesson plans and worksheets for Life Education for primary five and six students to discuss freedom of speech. Students were to watch RTHK programme 'Hong Kong Connection' and give answers on why Hong Kong independence was advocated and what freedom of speech was on the worksheets. Half a year later in September, pro-establishment newspapers published the worksheets and smeared the teacher for advocating Hong Kong Independence. The Education Bureau received anonymous complaints from 'parents' and sent staff to gain an understanding of the events. In March this year, the Bureau requested the school management committee to submit an investigation report. The internal investigation report concluded that the teacher was not guilty, but the Bureau overruled the report and disciplined the teacher with extreme punishments.
In the Bureau's press conference on 6th October, the teacher was depicted as a most vicious 'bad apple'. The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (HKPTU) has been following the case to gain a deep understanding of the situation and holds that the Bureau's arguments are ridiculous and the procedure was outright 'black box' operation. HKPTU fully supports the teacher in appealing against the decision. Summarising all the doubts and fallacies, HKPTU poses the following ten questions to the Bureau:
Question 1: What is the intention of the complaints?
The only two relevant lessons were delivered in March 2019 and no enquiries or complaints had been received. The anonymous complaint from a 'parent' was filed six months later in September 2019. At this point, the primary six students the lessons were delivered to had already graduated. Why did the Bureau not question the complaint about its intention – was the complaint filed out of genuine concern or political motives?
Question 2: Why was teaching motive judged solely based on lesson plans?
The teacher was only responsible for creating the lesson plans and did not deliver the lessons himself. All education professionals are aware that lesson plans serve as reference only for lesson planning only. Teachers understand the background from the lesson plans and rarely stick strictly to the lesson plans in class. The Bureau did not conduct any on-site observation and concluded their accusation solely based on the content in the lesson plans. Is that a professional investigation?
Question 3: Why are other 'advanced' issues deemed appropriate?
The Bureau said that the teacher overestimated students' comprehension skills, but the students of this primary school seem to exhibit more advanced skills than their peers. Life Education teaching materials for the previous classes include topics about the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as well as North Korea, which are not deemed inappropriate by the Bureau. Is that a double standard?
Question 4: Is the Bureau hiding the truth?
The Bureau paid a unannounced visit to the school (without saying that it's an investigation), the officials interviewed a sample of students, who unanimously said the topic of the class was freedom of speech, the teacher did not advocate Hong Kong Independence, and that they personally did not support Hong Kong Independence. Why did the Bureau never disclose this information?
Question 5: Was procedural justice observed?
In the press conference on 6th October, the Bureau brought up some 'accusations' for the first time, including the Bureau's dissatisfaction of the time planning in the lesson plans and the request for students to show their views by raising hand. Why were these accusations not mentioned in the letters issued to the teacher beforehand, so that the teacher can explain and defend himself?
Question 6: Is taking an isolated example for teaching a wrong judgement?
In the press conference, the official accused the teacher of spending 50 minutes in the lesson to account for the objectives of the Hong Kong National Party, 35 minutes to discuss topics about the division of the country such as Tibet independence and Taiwan independence. Did the Bureau gain an understanding of whether the time planning was practised in class? The Bureau regarded an isolated example as the focus of teaching. Is that a wrong judgement or is it a mere act of planting the evidence?
Question 7: This was only one lesson – how could the teacher have had a 'premeditated plan' to promote independence?
The official said the teacher had a 'premeditated plan' to promote Hong Kong independence, but video watching consisted half of the two-hour lesson. The complete video was played and students were asked to work on their worksheets afterwards. In such limited time and in one lesson, how could the teacher have had a 'premeditated plan' to promote independence?
Question 8: Is the Bureau misleading the public?
The official said there was no room for students to express their opinions and could only memorise and write the video content, so the teacher was imposing relevant thoughts and concepts on the students. Yet, in the video played in class, guests from both proand againststances were interviewed. For example, Senior Counsel Ronny Tong Ka-wah said, 'Freedom of speech never extends to harm national security'. Why did the Bureau not mention in the press conference that the teaching content also included these anti-independence standpoints?
Question 9: Is it an abuse of power?
The bureau said the teacher was offered two opportunities for written arguments, but the teacher requested to meet in person to clearly respond to the accusations. Why did the Bureau decline such a request? Is it not an abuse of power to decide on such extreme disciplines without a meeting?
Question 10: Do teachers' basic human rights still matter?
After the incident, some requested the school sponsoring body, the school, and parents to disclose information of the involved teacher in spite of privacy protection regulations and rights, but the Bureau did not show any objections to such threats to the education sector. Will the Bureau protect teachers' basic human rights?
If the Bureau fails to respond to the above questions and proceeds with disciplining the involved teacher with such extreme punishments, the Bureau admits to not fulfilling its duty, framing the involved teacher, power abuse, and threatening. HKPTU will hold the Bureau accountable.


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The Chornancap priestess, the woman of the greatest hierarchy yet discovered in the Lambayeque culture, has the vestiges of her ancient power on show in Lima at an exhibition of grave goods found surrounding her remains near the northern Peruvian coastal city of Chiclayo.
The exhibit was inaugurated by the Culture Ministry at the Museum of the Nation to give visitors a view of 62 pieces recovered from her tomb at the archaeological complex of Chotuna-Chornancap.
The artifacts were previously preserved at the Brüning National Archaeological Museum and bear witness to the woman's elite religious status between the 12th and 13th centuries A.D. in Lambayeque society, whose best-known personage is the Lord of Sipan, who ruled the region during the third century A.D.
The exhibition includes such items as her ceremonial scepter, earrings and crown, all made of gold, as well as metal urns, bracelets, necklaces, shell pendants and a large variety of ceramics in the Lambayeque and Cajamarca style, testifying to the close ties between those societies.
The Chornancap priestess was discovered in October 2011 but not until April of this year was it discerned that the remains were those of a woman, who was interred "with the highest honors and accompanied by eight other people," the director of the Chotuna-Chornancap dig, Carlos Wester La Torre, told Efe last April.
The archaeologist compared the priestess's preeminence as a religious authority in the area with the role exercised by the Lady of Cao in the Mochica culture during the fourth century A.D., the most powerful woman yet known to have existed in Peru's pre-Inca societies, a ruler who was also believed to have supernatural powers.
Wester also noted the "fine quality" of the goldwork now on view at the exhibit that was found buried with the priestess, because in his opinion "it shows that goldsmiths of the Lambayeque culture mastered the art as well as their predecessors of the Mochica culture."
He particularly valued her golden necklaces with anthropomorphic pendants, bracelets with contrasting gold and silver elements, and above all the details engraved in the very elaborate ornamentation.
"This has revolutionized our thinking," Wester told Current World Archaeology as reported in its online edition world-archaeology.com. "It shows wealth and power were not a male privilege in this culture; this is categorical evidence of women involved in the political and ideological apparatus of the time. Her youth indicates the post was hereditary, and her grave goods suggest she performed rituals such as sacrifices, receiving offerings, and celebrating changes of the seasons, the moon, and tides."
The team of archaeologists from Chotuna-Chornancap last week unveiled another tomb found beneath that of the priestess and her grave goods, and which held the remains of another leading figure from the region, buried with similar objects but with the oddity that this grave was constructed so it could be flooded with water.
According to Wester, the time lapse between the Chornancap priestess and the newly found human remains, whose sex has not yet been determined, was very short and indicates a connection between the two, though he would not speculate on whether the link might be "familial, matrimonial or religious." EFE