text:
Stories from DEP is a collection of feature articles
published in DEP's internal newsletter, Weekly Pipeline.
This article was originally published April 19, 2011.
They're G-r-r-r-r-ate! Catch Basin Crews Storm City's Drains
For most New Yorkers, it's just another feature of the urban landscape — barely acknowledged until a ring or an iPhone is dropped down the ominous metal grate. While catch basins may not be the most glamorous piece of infrastructure, they perform a critical role in ensuring the health, safety, and economic vitality of New York City.
A catch basin is a type of storm drain located adjacent to a curb that collects rainwater from the street and transports it either to one of DEP's 14 wastewater treatment plants (for combined sewers) or directly into a waterbody (for stormwater sewers). The catch basin is typically covered by a metal grate, which prevents large objects from falling in. Catch basins function primarily as a draining mechanism during heavy storms to prevent flooding and allow rainwater to flow off of the city's impermeable streets and sidewalks. With more than 144,000 catch basins, some of them are bound to get clogged once in a while.
To ensure clogged catch basins are a rare occurrence, BWSO's field operations unit carries out a comprehensive catch basin inspection program which ensures that each of the catch basins is inspected at least once every three years. BWSO also responds to 311 complaints regarding clogged catch basins and street flooding, and a special rain patrol is also sent out during heavy storms to focus on clearing debris off the top of catch basins. When a weather event is forecast, crews also preinspect areas prone to flooding to ensure infrastructure is operating properly.
During a scheduled inspection, BWSO staff examines the surrounding concrete, sidewalk, and the iron grate itself to ensure that there are no structural issues. Next, they measure the accumulation of debris in the catch basin to determine if cleaning is required. Anytime the level of debris in a catch basin comes within 18 inches of the outlet to the sewer system, a cleaning is required. To clean the catch basin, BWSO uses a truck mounted crane, which first lifts the metal grate off of the catch basin and then uses a clamshell bucket to remove the debris.
When you inspect so many catch basins each year, you're bound to make some unexpected discoveries. According to Dennis Delaney, Chief of Maintenance and Repairs for the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, his crews have found raccoons, swans, and baby ducks living in catch basins. His crew was even called on recently to rescue a small kitten that had fallen through the metal grate and down into the catch basin. BWSO also occasionally receives calls from the NYPD to assist in a weapon search when it is believed that a suspect dumped a gun or knife into a catch basin.
Although sewer maintenance crews are happy to help with the rescue of a kitten or even a lost iPhone, their primary responsibility is always to ensure the overall integrity of the sewer system. And catch basin cleaning remains a critical sewer maintenance activity. Rick Nelson, the Acting Chief of Maintenance and Repairs for Brooklyn and Queens, points out that by reducing the likelihood of flooding, catch basin cleaning "ensures the health, security, and well-being of the general public." So the next time you're walking down the street, take a moment to notice the catch basins beneath your feet and the thousands of miles of connecting sewers that make it possible to live comfortably in New York City.


Common Protein Analysis Methods to New Developments
Originally Published: November 21, 2014
Last Updated: March 3, 2021
Common protein analysis methods to new developments.
November 21, 2014 – Protein is vast and complicated and, as such, needs equally complex methodologies to analyze it. Joe Katzenmeyer, Chemistry Supervisor of rtech Labs, provided a crash course on common protein analysis methods to new developments used in determining protein quality.
"I like to tell people that the work my lab does bridges the gap between very traditional technology and very modern technology," Katzenmeyer said, adding that his lab analyzes between 1,500-2,000 protein samples per month.
On the traditional side, there's the Kjeldahl Method, which has evolved quite a bit since 1883 and is still widely used. In it, samples are boiled in sulfuric acid to convert the nitrogen into ammonium sulfate. The distillation involves adding sodium hydroxide and steam heat to release the nitrogen as ammonia; then the ammonia is captured in a boric acid solution that is titrated with hydrochloric acid.
"The majority of our work is done by this method. In a good day, we have two shifts that can run about 10 racks of samples," Katzenmeyer said. "It's our most high-throughput method and the most commonly used for nutritional labeling."
The Dumas Method is another traditional technique for protein analysis that involves the combustion of the sample and collection of the resulting gases. It involves far fewer chemicals and far less time than Kjeldahl, which is increasing its popularity, Katzenmeyer said. It involves applying high heat in a pure oxygen atmosphere; collecting gases; removing carbon dioxide and water; and analyzing the remaining nitrogen with a thermal-conductivity detector.
Both the Dumas and Kjeldahl methods are highly precise, with easily comparable results, but they have some obvious drawbacks. Non-protein nitrogen can be interpreted as protein, so one doesn't know which proteins are involved, and one needs a multiplication factor to turn the nitrogen content data into protein.
More modern methodologies rectify those issues, and separation systems have been developed to determine the presence and amount of non-protein nitrogens and individual proteins, such as myoglobin, denatured/undenatured whey, casein and alpha-lactalbumin.
Gel electrophoresis, for instance, uses electricity to separate and quantify protein macromolecules and fragments based on their size and charge. Liquid chromatography is another example, which takes liquid proteins (often dairy) and passes them through a column for the same purpose.
There is also mass spectrometry, which ionizes the components of a sample with an electron beam and then separates them with electromagnetic fields.
Of the more recent methods, however, near-infrared reflectance is most on the rise because of its incredible speed. It uses an infrared light directed at the sample, which causes vibrations in the chemical bonds and creates an energy spectrum that is analyzed and calibrated. "You could have a protein content reading on the production line in, say, 30 seconds," Katzenmeyer added.
These recently developed methods, while more informative and specific, are generally more costly to execute. "They don't separate very well, which is the difficulty with proteins. Imagine you have 10,000 proteins—you can't fit all those peaks [one for each protein] in one little window. So, it gets much more complicated; more labor-intensive; and more expensive," Katzenmeyer said.
Joseph Katzenmeyer, Chemistry Supervisor of rtech Laboratories,, _PHONE_
The summary above is an excerpt from the "2014 Protein Trends & Technology Seminar Magazine: Formulating with Proteins."
Tags: Nutrition
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A wave parameters and directional spectrum analysis for extreme winds
By Montoya, R.D., Arias, A.O., Royero, J.C.O., Ocampo-Torres and F.J.
In this research a comparison between two of the most popular ocean wave models, WAVEWATCH III? and SWAN, was performed using data from hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico. The numerical simulation of sea surface directional wave spectrum and other wave parameters for several parameter-izations and its relation with the drag coefficient was carried out. The simulated data were compared with in-situ NOAA buoy data. For most of the buoys, WAVEWATCH III? presented the best statistical comparisons for the main wave parameters, such as significant wave height and peak period. The SWAN model tends to overestimate the maximum values for significant wave height for some buoys and the peak period for almost all the buoys. Both models tend to overestimate the value of peak direction, presenting an area of greater energy to the south. The WAVEWATCH III? model performs best for buoys located in right forward quadrant, which generally has higher winds and waves. This indicates a better spatial representation of wave parameters in the higher energy areas for the WAVEWATCH III? model. Results based on the quadrant location for most of the analyzed cases, are in agreement with the results from other sources such as the Scanning Radar Altimeter (SRA). © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Topics: Directional spectrum, Gulf of Mexico, Hurricane waves, Moored buoys, Wind speed, Directional spectra, Directional wave spectrum, Gulf of Mexico, Hurricane katrina, Significant wave height, Spatial representations, Statistical comparisons, Wind speed, Hurricanes, Spectrum analysis, Water waves, Buoys, hurricane, numerical model, ocean wave, parameterization, wave modeling, wave spectrum, wind direction, wind velocity, wind-wave interaction, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico
Publisher: 'Elsevier BV'
Year: 2013
DOI identifier: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.04.016
OAI identifier:
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This is a simple circuit that adds a safe serial data output to the Kill A Watt. It uses the same protocol as the Tweet-a-Watt, so the same software can be used.
Voltage and current are read by a Microchip PIC12F615 using it's internal 10 bit ADC. There are 18 samples taken at a 984 microsecond interval. That is approximately 17 samples per 60 Hz cycle. The Tweet-a-Watt takes one sample per 1000 microseconds. The serial transmission is paced at one character per 60 Hz cycle to reduce the load on the Kill A Watt power supply. Average current draw is less than one milliamp.
Source Code
Componets soldered to an 18 pin DIP socket.
Connection points for voltage and amperage measurement.
Connection points for power.
Installation inside the Kill A Watt.


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a person who not present contributes as an assistant or instigator towards the fee of an offense
- Accompanying as a subordinate additional accessory esp uniting in or causing a crime although not as primary star See Accessory
- aiding and abetting in a crime
- somebody who assists someone else dedicate a crime
- Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or adding to, a crime, yet not as primary actor. See Accessory.
- person who, not being current, contributes as an assistant or instigator towards the payment of an offense.
(n.) A person who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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GetNodeByPoint — Finds the node-id of a node at a point location.
integer GetNodeByPoint(varchar atopology, geometry apoint, float8 tol1
Retrieves the id of a node at a point location.
The function returns an integer (id-node) given a topology, a POINT and a tolerance. If tolerance = 0 means exact intersection, otherwise retrieves the node from an interval.
apoint doesn't intersect a node, returns 0 (zero).
If use tolerance > 0 and there is more than one node near the point then an exception is thrown.
If tolerance = 0, the function uses ST_Intersects otherwise uses ST_DWithin.
Performed by the GEOS module.
These examples use edges we created in AddEdge
SELECT topology.GetNodeByPoint('ma_topo',geom, 1) As nearnode FROM ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=26986;POINT(227591.9 893900.4)') As geom; nearnode ---------- 2
SELECT topology.GetNodeByPoint('ma_topo',geom, 1000) As too_much_tolerance FROM ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=26986;POINT(227591.9 893900.4)') As geom; ----get error-- ERROR: Two or more nodes found


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Background and objectives:
The intensive urbanization process in Mexico has created many social and economic obstacles to sustainable and inclusive urban development. Mexico is predominantly an urban country and it is estimated that in 25 years 85 per cent of the country's population will be living in cities. The metropolitan regions are clearly affected by social inequality. More than 10 per cent of the urban population does not have piped water; 25 per cent lack sewerage or adequate sanitation facilities, and more than 60 per cent does not have stormwater drains.
The project objectives have been to contribute to reducing urban poverty in order to improve sustainable urban development and also promote partnerships with state and local governments.
The main activities included:
- Participation in the Technical Committee of Best Practices Award evaluation in Mexico, and transfer cases of best practices from four Mexican cities
- Training and technical assistance to SEDESOL in urban policy development
- Development of urban information systems, especially local urban observatories
- Promotion of gender inclusive strategies in programmes and projects of SEDESOL.
The results achieved were:
- More than 40 local urban observatories established, under the overall coordination of SEDESOL, conforming a national network
- Several technical workshops for training of staff from municipalities, state governments and their partners in the civil society for building local urban indicators and organizing monitoring systems
- Best Practices National Programme – elaborated methodology for selection of the best practices; dissemination of best practices on urban poverty reduction in Mexico to cities and local authorities.
- Initiated National Campaign for Social Participation on Urban Development with SEDESOL participation
- Advanced discussions for the incorporation of two state governments and several municipal governments into this national strategy.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Mg/Ca in foraminifera shells is commonly used as a proxy to estimate ocean temperatures in Earth's past. However, studies have shown that both dissolution and salinity influence the Mg/Ca in shells of tropical foraminifera, which can cause paleotemperature estimates to be inaccurate. We measured Mg/Ca in shells of Globigernoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer from core tops in the eastern equatorial Pacific. We compared our results with global core top data, which paleotemperature equations have been calibrated and published. We find that Mg/Ca values range greatly at the same surface ocean temperature. We also find that salinity and dissolution do not affect the relationship between Mg/Ca and temperature. In analyzing the carbonate ion concentration of the water at 30m, we find that this might be affecting the relationship between Mg/Ca and temperature, which could be affecting the accuracy of the Mg/Ca proxy.
Foraminifera, Paleotemperature, Mg/Ca
Clark, Sarah and Mekik, Figen, "Does the Mg/Ca in Foraminifera Tests Provide a Reliable Temperature Proxy?" (2009). Student Summer Scholars. Paper 41.


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I have a project that requires more than 200 damage cases with some cases being coppies of the other one with one compartment les for example. Is there a way to duplicate existing cases or create them in txt or excell and import into Maxsurf to speed up the process?
Yes - there are definitely ways you can simplify this process and take some of the manual work out of it.
There are three main solutions that you could do here:
1) All of the tables in MAXSURF can be copied and pasted into Excel and back again. So one method would be to create your 200 damage cases
- Ctrl-A in the Damage Case window, if you select multiple columns you can add multiple cases at once
- You can copy the Damage Cases Table out to Excel. Shift-Ctrl-C will copy the table with headers.
- In Excel you can use formulas etc to manipulate and create all of your damage combinations
- Use Copy Paste to bring the table back into MAXSURF
2) Use the MAXSURF COM interface to talk directly between Excel VBA and MAXSURF. For a problem like this, I would use the Extents of damage capabilities and over create damage cases, then search and remove duplicates.
- Take a look at the Automation Samples in the install folder (C:\Program Files\Bentley\Offshore\MAXSURF CONNECT Edition V23\Automation Samples) and the Automation manual in Modeler (Help | MAXSURF Modeler Automation Help) to learn about using COM.
- If you have troubles getting started with COM, take a look at MAXSURF Automation COM Troubleshooting - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Wiki - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Bentley Communities
3) The Probabilistic Stability in MAXSURF Ultimate can automatically create all of the damage combinations you require. You will need to set up the regions on the vessel (zones, bulkheads and decks). Once you have the cases you want in the probabilistic damage, you can copy them across to Deterministic Cases using Cases | Copy Prob Dam Cases.My question back to you, is how do you intend to manage and present this many cases to Class? Do you have 200 damage cases x 10 intact cases? If you are dealing with 2000 cases, then you're going to have to be thoughtful about how you will manage the results that you generate.
Thank you. I think using Excel method we cannot copy the Extend of Damage assiged to each case. Correct?
There are 3 intact Load Cases. In total, including intermediate flooding, there will be about 340 damage cases. Still a lot!


Smart Meters for Tackling Flow of Electricity : Kapil Mohan, Director, Ministry of Power,Government of INdia, India
Views: 1.9K
ICT occupies and important role in the distribution sphere. It primarily has two roles to play – to carry out electricity audit and accounting linked with GIS to track electricity fl ow to the distribution grid, and secondly to improve the consumer experience.
Please throw some light on the over
all scenario of the power industry in
The generation of the electricity in
the country is met by the setting up of theUltra Mega Power Projects (UMPP). Even with having a regulatory commission/ statutory authority in each state, the government is unable to plan the clear distribution of the power supply for the citizens because of the unclear picture of the number of consumers in the power sector, in addition to the unannounced load shedding and the poor quality of power.
Electricity audit and accounting is
useful to determine the electricity losses, which account for one-third of our power generation. Power is either wasted due to bad technology and bad state of the distribution grid or most of it is stolen. Electricity audit and accounting helps us determine where the unaccounted power is going. Data collected through the metering and billing module,' which oversees the electricity and cash fl ow, can determine the amount of unaccounted electricity. As far as services for our consumers are concerned, ICThas enabled a host of citizen centric services like knowing the status of their applications, online payment of bills, checking their power consumption, etc.
Government of India has planned
'Power for All by 2012'. How do you see the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
towards achieving this goal?
'Power for All by 2012' is the fl agship programme of Government of India which aims to provide electricity to all the villages in the country by 2012. The programme Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) was launched by Government of India in April 2005, which aims to provide all the rural households the access to electricity along with giving suffi cient amount of electricity.In the 'Power for All' project, the capacity addition project and the RGGVY are the two main programmes which the government is currently working on.
In providing electricity to all the main
focus is on the grid management, whichmeans better power facility for all. The other focus is on equitable distribution of power which ensures the quality of power being supplied to the customers.
How do you see the role of ICT in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity? What is the outlook of the Indian power industry in transmission and distribution?
ICT plays a major role in Transmission and Distribution (T&D). With the help of the use of ICT, the government is able to track the energy fl ow, how much energy is going where and to which all places. It also helps in keeping a track of the point where the energy is being lost, helps in able to identify the lacunae. With the help of the ICT the government is also able to keep a track of which particular areas are consuming more electricity than what is allotted to them. The overconsumption of electricity results in grid collapse. It is important to monitor how much electricity is being drawn and in which areas.
ICT plays a role in maintaining the amount of electricity being used by particular states. The distribution sector has to deal with the losses in the power sector as they are the ones who deal with the consumers directly in the fl ow of the electricity. With the help of ICT the ministry of power can track the fl ow of electricity. All this information can be linked to GIS so that it becomes easy to know the exact situation of what is happening where, how much electricity is being used by whom. Effi ciency which is the core in the distribution sector is ensured.
How would the national grid resolve
the issues of transmission and distribution losses (T&D)?
To resolve the problem of load shedding, ICT plays a major role in the digitisation and the distribution of the grid. It will facilitate setting up of the basic electricity audit and the accounting system on the electricity grid. This will be helpful in giving a clear understanding of the consumption pattern on a real-time basis. With the use of the automated meter reading (AMR) at regular intervals, the data can be maintained and can be checked where the electricity is being lost, so that the measures of tackling the problem of electricity is taken up and worked upon. The automation of the meters is called smart grids or the smart meters which is a symbolic tool. It benefi ts both the consumers and the suppliers as it helps in managing the electricity and reduces the losses. The
consumption of electricity has to be done in a planned way so as to reduce the problem of the shortage or the collapse of the grid. To avoid the collapse in the grid, which can bring the daily life to a halt, real time intelligent grid is required which would shift the load of the peak hours during the non-peak hours and manage the infrastructure. Also with the help of customer relationship management (CRM) system, meter-cash process can be improved.
ICT plays an important role here
too, not only in the monitoring but also in predicting and planning of the operations. The work on energy accounting and distribution management system and the building up of smart meters has begun. Pilot projects in few cities have started. The aim is to reduce the T & D losses from 30% to 15% in the next 5 years.
Can you briefl y tell us about the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP)? Please name some states which are leading in R-APDRP implementation.
The Restructured Accelerated Power
Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP) focuses on improving fi nancial viability of state utilities and sustained reduction in losses. It seeks to reduce the level of electricity supplied and the monetary loss incurred by the government. R-APDRP intends to intensively use Information and Technology (IT) to enforce power reforms.
The schemes which come under RAPDRP
are renovation and modernisation of substations, transmission lines and distribution transformers, augmentation of feeders and transformers, feeder and consumer meters, high voltage distribution system (HVDS), consumer indexing, Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition/ Distribution Management System (SCADA/ DMS) solution, computerised billing, etc.
SCADA/ DMS solution has been
implemented for real time monitoring and control of the distribution system. With this the remote infrastructure management of the grid can be done, sitting in a substation.The states which
have shown a noticeable success under R-APDRP are Rajasthan, West Bengal,
Gujarat and Bangalore. In other states, the work is in progress.
The Eleventh Five year plan focuses
on 100% electrifi cation in rural India. How close are we in achieving this goal and why is it still a challenge to provide electrifi cation in rural areas?
Currently, the electrifi cation of 76,000 villages have been done out of 1.18 lakh villages in the country. The whole programme will be completed by 2012. The critical focus is on the accessibility of the 'electricity to all' in the entire villages of the country.
The major challenge faced in the electrifi cation of the rural areas is the lack of proper infrastructure, which makes it diffi cult to do the wiring in the remote areas and the interiors of the villages. Also the load in the rural areas is quite low because of which, the major chunk of the village electricity load comes on the government as the villagers have to be charged a nominal price for the electricity. From the rural areas the revenue is very low, hence at the moment the supply of the electricity is very limited.
How signifi cant is the Public
Private Partnership (PPP) in the power sector? How welcome is the privatisation of the Delhi Power Distribution by the Government after a not so good experience in Orissa?
In the generation of the electricity, the private companies have been activelypromoted. In the next fi ve year plan which will be the 12th plan, the private sectors will have much more capacity than the public sector or the government. In transmission, initially, Power Grid Corporation of India was the major PSU in transmitting the electricity. But now the high voltage transmission lines have been given out on bid to the private sector. The Power Grid no more has the monopoly in the transmission of the electricity.
Though in the distribution phase of the electricity Government of India facilitates privatisation but it is not very actively promoted. Input based franchise which is the half privatisation of the government assets is promoted.
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Center-surface winding uses all three of the TNT winding principles. Web tension is controlled by the surface drive connected to the lay-on or pressure roll to optimize slitting and web spreading. Feedback from web-tension load cells trims this drive to control constant web tension during winding. Lay-on roll loading applied to the winding roll controls the nip. Torque from the center drive is programmed to produce the desired in-wound tension for the desired roll-hardness profile.
Center winders can be a gap winder, where only tension is used to control roll hardness. A center winder could also incorporate a lay-on or pressure roll. This winder would use both tension and nip to control the roll's hardness. With a center winding process, the spindle torque through the center of the roll provides the web tension.
Surface-type film winders use a driven winding drum. The winding rolls are loaded against the drum and are surface wound.
A lot of science goes into winding. So-called TNT (tension, winding, torque) winding principles are well established and have been proven and modeled at the Web Handling Research Center at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla.
Yet determining which of these principles, or the proportional amount of each, to use for proper winding of different types of materials under specific sets of conditions is still considered "art." This article is intended to help processors select the best type of winder to use in order to consistently produce high-quality, defect-free rolls of web material. We will discuss the winding principles, how they are used on different types of winders, and present product parameters for which each type of winder is best suited.
Roll hardness is developed in different ways on different types of winders but the basic principles of how to build roll hardness stay the same. To remember these principles, just remember that to consistently wind "dynamite rolls" you need TNT:
-Tension: The winding web tension.
-Nip: The nip of the pressure roll or drum.
-Torque: From the center drive or torque drum.
When winding elastic films, web tension is the dominant principle of winding used to control roll hardness. The more tension pulled and the more stretch put on the web before winding, the harder the wound rolls will ultimately be. The winding web tension is often determined empirically.
However, the maximum amount of web tension can also be determined by using 10% to 25% of the material's elastic limit. When relying only on tension to control roll density, it is important that the winding tension be tapered smoothly as the roll diameter increases. The tension taper should be between 0 and 50%. A tension taper of 25% at full roll is common.
When winding inelastic webs, nip is the dominant principle used to control roll hardness. Web tension is controlled to optimize the slitting and spreading operations. The nip controls the roll hardness by removing the boundary layer of air following the web into the winding roll. The rolling nip also induces in-wound tension into the roll. The harder the nip, the harder the winding roll will be.
The challenge for winding is to have sufficient nip to remove the air and wind hard, straight rolls without introducing too much in-wound tension in order to prevent roll blocking or deformation of the web over the high-caliper area.
Key considerations in applying the nip principle of winding are:
-The nip must be applied where the web enters the winding roll.
-The winding film's weight and the lay-on roll's weight, as well as web tension, should not affect the nip loading.
-The nip pressure should be tapered as the roll winds, to prevent "starring" and "telescoping."
-The larger the roll diameter, the more air is introduced to the nip, producing a tapered nip pressure with a constant nip loading.
Torque winding is the force induced through the center of the winding roll, which is transmitted through the web layers and tightens the inner wraps. This torque is used to produce the web tension when center winding. Therefore, "tension" and "torque" are the same winding principle. However, when the pressure roll is driven to control the web's tension, then the torque induced through the center of the roll can be independently controlled to adjust the winding roll's hardness profile.
Film winding is often referred to as an art. This is because the setting and programming of the TNT will vary depending on:
-The type and design of the winder.
-The type of web material being wound (thick/thin, extensible/non-extensible, slippery/sticky).
-The width of the rolls being wound.
-The speed of the winding operation.
There are three basic winding processes used for web materials: center winding, surface winding, and combination center-surface winding. Each process uses one or more of the TNT winding principles to build roll hardness.
A center winder could be a gap winder where only tension is used to control roll hardness. A center winder could also incorporate a lay-on or pressure roll. This winder would use both tension and nip to control the roll's hardness. In center winding, the spindle torque through the center of the roll provides the web tension.
An advantage of center winding is that this process can wind softer rolls. This type of turret winder can provide quick indexing and fast cycle times. The disadvantage of center winding is the limitation of maximum roll diameter due to the torque applied through the layers of slippery webs. In addition, center winders have a higher probability of generating scrap during roll changes.
Turret center winders are:
-Best for winding soft rolls (i.e. webs with gauge bands).
-Best for winding film with high tack.
-Best for winding small-diameter rolls.
-Easily designed for dual-direction winding.
-Able to provide adhesiveless transfers.
When surface winding elastic materials, web tension is the dominant winding principle. When surface winding inelastic materials, nip is the dominant winding principle. Surface-type film winders use a driven winding drum. The winding rolls are loaded against the drum and are surface wound.
The advantage of surface winding is that web tension is not supplied from torque being applied through the layers of film wrapped into the roll. The disadvantage is that air cannot be wound into the roll to minimize gauge bands and roll blocking problems.
Drum surface winders are:
-Best for winding hard rolls (i.e., protective films).
-Best in utilization of space and horsepower.
-Best for winding very large-diameter rolls.
-Best for minimizing waste during transfers.
-Mechanically simpler, with a single and smaller winding drive.
A center-surface winder uses both center winding and surface winding processes (see Fig. 1). Center-surface winding uses all three of the TNT principles. The web tension is controlled by the surface drive connected to the lay-on or pressure roll to optimize slitting and web spreading. The feedback from the web-tension load cells trims this drive to control constant web tension during the winding operation. The lay-on roll loading applied to the winding roll controls the nip. The torque from the center drive is programmed to produce the desired in-wound tension for the roll hardness profile desired.
The advantage of center-surface winding is that the winding tension can be controlled independently of the web tension. For high-tension applications, center-surface winders can share the tension horsepower requirements to allow small center drives. The disadvantage of center-surface winding is that the winding equipment is more expensive and complex.
Center-surface winders are:
-Best for winding high-slip films to larger diameters.
-Best for slitting and winding extensible films to larger diameters.
-Best to significantly taper in-wound tension without affecting the film width.
-Able to supply in-wound tension without stretching the web over caliper bands.
About the author
R. Duane Smith is product manager of specialty winding at Davis-Standard LLC/Black Clawson Converting Machinery. He has been associated with the company for nearly 40 years and has been awarded two patents in the area of winding. Contact: _PHONE_; email: _EMAIL_; website: davis-standard.com.


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I'm trying to figure out whether an alarm clock 吵醒我， or 叫醒我。 I'd like to say the sentence my alarm clock woke me up at 5:30 today my translation so far is 今天早上五点半， 我手机的闹钟叫醒了我。 Can 叫醒 be done by inanimate objects? Is this construction used in chinese?
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Yes, that is fine; it is quite common to use 叫醒 with alarms.
In fact you can use both 吵醒 and 叫醒 here, although there's a small difference in connotations. It isn't a very strong distinction though, so you needn't be overly concerned.
Anyway, 叫醒 normally means the action was intended to wake you. In contrast 吵醒 carries the sense that being woken up is unplanned or unwanted, i.e. some noise woke you (implying you aren't happy about it). For example, if your neighbours' alarm woke you, you'd normally use 吵醒. If the hotel's morning call woke you, that's normally 叫醒.
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Great explanation. – deutschZuid Jul 20 '14 at 22:13
Would this be a better translation of the entire sentence: 今天早上五点半我被手机闹钟叫醒了。? IE use 被 to say I was woken BY the alarm? – Daniel Howard Jul 21 '14 at 15:55
_USER_ yes, that flows better imho – Semaphore Jul 21 '14 at 16:45
Is depend how you what to tell others on the clock. If you set the alarm and you like to tell your friend about it, and you mentioned
I need alarm to wake me up then use '叫醒' You not intend to wake up but someone accidentally turn on alarm for you then you use '吵醒'
'叫醒' use when you need someone to wake you
'吵醒' use it when you don't intend wake up but someone/something disturb your sleep.
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Eduardo Vigil Martín
Clinical Documentation Centre
Jaime Nieto Cervera
Information Systems Hospitales
Universitarios Virgen del Rocío
The Virgen del Rocío hospital complex, which opened in 1955, has become one of the most important hospitals in Europe because of its size. Today it has grown to include seven hospitals and two specialist centres, with 1,750 beds and 8,300 staff. It also has a reputation as a national reference centre for pathology. In 2002, Virgen del Rocío started a project for developing and implementing an information system combining document management functionality with clinical workstation, electronic patient record and knowledge management capabilities. This innovative approach has culminated in the development of an information system of national renown, whose success has led to the exportation of the model to other hospitals located in Spain and Europe.
A new information system
In 2002, the Virgen del Rocío Hospital had already centralised its eight medical record files in the Advanced Clinical Documentation Centre, which contains nearly 2.5 million paper medical records. The hospital information system (HIS) that was originally deployed addressed the administrative necessities but it did not provide a solution for the clinical processes development. The hospital had an increasing number of disparate and nonintegrated information systems. In addition, the electronic patient record systems analysed in the market did not offer either the functional or technical requirements for working with such information volume and number of users.
We proposed the selection of a professional document management platform that would be used for the construction of the Virgen del Rocío's corporative clinical workstation with several very clearly defined targets:
- It must be the working tool of clinicians, helping them with the daily medical tasks and reaching a level of support for clinical processes not covered by any other systems.
- It must have the following characteristics: simplicity, usability, versatility and stability.
- The clinical professionals must cooperate with the project not only in the analysis and design, but also at every project stage.
- It must keep the current information systems map, maximising their value without requiring replacements.
- It must make the integration and the integrated management of the data possible – including the information dispersed across the seven hospitals and in their respective information systems.
- It must be oriented to information and knowledge, taking advantage of such data volumes to provide knowledge management and research capabilities.
- The proposal must demonstrate a quick return on investment.
After a benchmarking analysis with the help of DMR Consulting, Documentum (EMC) was selected as the best solution for the new information system. After a further public tender, Virgen del Rocío counted on DMR Consulting again to construct SIDCA, the new clinical workstation, electronic patient record and advanced clinical documentation management system.
Today, the system has 2,230 users distributed among 1,059 doctors, 887 nurses and 212 clerks. It is running in hospital services from anaesthesia and reanimation to urology. The clinical workstation has over 1.3 million electronic patient records and manages more than 4.5 million clinical episodes. Tables 1 and 2 show several indicators that represent an approach to the volume of the information manager.
Benefits of the new information system
The Virgen del Rocío clinical workstation has been deployed for three years and provides the following benefits to the hospital:
- Immediate access to clinical information reduces time to diagnosis and increases productivity.
- Provides clinicians with the maximum level of available information, to provide safer patient care and to reduce the possibility of preventable medical errors.
- Enabling timely access to patient information has reduced repetition of tests such as laboratory samples, imaging scans and diagnostic exams.
- Improves the services provided and the quality perceived by the patient.
- Acts as a fundamental tool for clinicians, making possible the advance exploitation of the clinical compiled information, both for measuring the quality and for obtaining management indicators.
- Improves the investment return in the existing information systems, because now the hospital has better capacities for managing and exploiting of the information that was dispersed and with difficulty accessible before.
- Increases hospital efficiency and efficacy in clinical research and, as a consequence, the financing of research projects by national and international agencies.
- It is improving the work and efficiency of the hospital's Quality Committee.
Deploying a document management platform has enabled the hospital to establish common practices for managing complex patient information across the healthcare enterprise. This solution now allows clinical professionals to gain immediate access to clinical documentation, complementary tests and medical images to provide safer, clinical care.
The clinical workstation developed by Virgen del Rocío serves as an excellent example of how a healthcare organisation can benefit from the deployment of a comprehensive document management strategy to enhance safe and efficient patient care delivery. This unique and and innovative technological approach and architectural design has resulted in the realisation of a renowned information system that can be leveraged by other hospitals in Spain and Europe.


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Tuesday 21 May
South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki)
What's the World's Favourite Species?Find out here.
South polar skua fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
South polar skua description
A widespread and prominent bird of the Antarctic, the south polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) has a rather notorious reputation as a proficient hunter and hostile scavenger (3) (4). It is a large, heavy, barrel-chested species, with broad, round wings and a short, broad tail (5). Despite being a fairly large bird, the south polar skua generally has a smaller head, a thinner and less prominently hooked bill, shorter, less heavy legs and narrower wings than other skuas of the same genus (2) (6). The male south polar skua is generally smaller and lighter than the female, and the female also tends to have paler plumage (3).
The south polar skua is the greyest of the skua species, lacking the warm brown colouration often seen in other skuas. During the breeding season, the adults may have narrow yellow streaks on the back and sides of the neck, which sometimes continue across the upper breast to form a narrow necklace (6). In general, the south polar skua occurs in two different colour morphs, with individuals being either a light or dark morph, or occasionally an intermediate between the two (2) (5) (6).
In light morph birds, the south polar skua is pale smoky-grey to greyish-brown on the head and underparts, providing a distinctive and striking contrast between the dark bill, dark eyes, and the dark brown wings, back and tail (2) (5). The pale hind neck sometimes extends into a pale saddle on the upper back, making the contrast between the body, wings and rear appear particularly stark. Some pale individuals also have a blaze of pale colouration on the face (6).
The dark morph south polar skua is generally uniformly blackish-brown on the shoulder feathers and back, with golden hackles on the back of the neck (5). The head, wings and rest of the back are generally dark brownish-olive, appearing less two-tone than the pale morph (2). Dark morph skuas may also have a pale blaze on the face, and sometimes narrow, inconspicuous mantle streaks and a paler hind collar (6).
The juvenile south polar skua is generally dark, with dark brown to dark grey plumage (5). The upperparts may have indistinct pale scaling. The bill of young birds is pale blue on the base and blackish above, and the legs and feet are pale (6).
The south polar skua is a fairly noisy bird during the breeding season, calling in high-pitched, fast, harmonic screams and shrieks (6). This species has three main types of call, used in courtship, contact and alarm (7).
- Also known as
- MacCormick's skua.
- Catharacta maccormicki.
- Labbe de McCormick. Top
BirdLife International - South polar skua:
British Antarctic Survey:
Antarctic Treaty System:
ARKive - Antarctic :
- A category used in taxonomy, which is below 'family' and above 'species'. A genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common. The genus forms the first part of a 'binomial' Latin species name; the second part is the specific name.
- To keep eggs warm so that development is possible.
- A feeding method whereby one individual steals food from another.
- In birds, the wings, shoulder feathers and back, when coloured differently from the rest of the body.
- Having only one mate during a breeding season, or throughout the breeding life of a pair.
- One of two or more distinct types of a given species, often distinct colour forms, which occur in the same population at the same time (that is, are not geographical or seasonal variations).
- Describes an animal, a pair of animals or a colony that occupies and defends an area.
IUCN Red List (August, 2012)
- del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1996) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- Given, A. (2009) The south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) - A study of past research and future opportunity. Supervised Project, Graduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies, Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury.
British Antarctic Survey - Birds (February, 2012)
- Alderfer, J. and Dunn, J.L. (2011) National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America, Sixth Edition. National Geographic Society, Washington.
- Olsen, K.M. and Larsson, H. (1997) Skuas and Jaegars. Pica Press, Sussex.
- Charrier, I., Jouventin, P., Mathevon, N. and Aubin, T. (2001) Individual identity coding depends on call type in the South Polar skua Catharacta maccormicki. Polar Biology, 24: 378-382.
BirdLife International (February, 2011)
Polar Conservation Organisation - South polar skua (February, 2012)
- Hemmings, A.D. (1984) Aspects of the breeding biology of McCormick's skua Catharacta maccormicki at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 65: 65-79.
- Baker, S.C. and Barbraud, C. (2001) Foods of the south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki at Ardery Island, Windmill Islands, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 24: 50-61.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Waterbird Conservation for the Americas Initiative - South polar skua (February, 2012)
The Antarctic Treaty (February, 2012)
Australian Government - Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (February, 2012)
- view the contents of, and Material on, the website;
- download and retain copies of the Material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use;
- teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the Material in their educational material (including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the Material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the End User.
South polar skua biology
A highly territorial bird, the south polar skua usually breeds from November to January, in loose colonies or isolated pairs (2) (7). It is monogamous (7), with most pairs tending to breed in the same location for several years (3). The south polar skua typically nests in an unlined scrape on flat ground, free from snow and ice (2) (9). Like all other skua species, the south polar skua lays a clutch of 2 eggs which are incubated by both adults for around 30 days (2) (10).
The two eggs usually hatch a few days apart, with the first chick to hatch typically being larger and heavier than the second (2) (3). The skua chicks leave the nest 1 or 2 days after hatching, although they do not fly until they are around 36 to 45 days old (2). In most cases, only one of the skua chicks will survive to fledging. This low breeding success is mainly due to 'siblicide', where the older of the two chicks will kill the younger chick, or will aggressively drive it from the nest, leaving it to die of starvation or be predated (2) (3). The south polar skua reaches maturity at around six years old, and will first breed at around seven to nine years of age (2) (3).
The south polar skua feeds mainly on fish (2) (6) (8), particularly the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) (2). It is also known to feed on eggs and chicks taken from penguin colonies (2) (3) (8) (10) (11), although the skua's reliance on penguins varies depending on the location of the breeding colony, as well as the proximity of competitors such as the brown skua (Stercorarius lonnbergi). The south polar skua may also scavenge food (2), and is also known to display occasional kleptoparasitism, stealing food from other birds during flight (6).
This species is a long distance migrant, departing its Antarctic breeding grounds in March to cross the equator and winter in the northern hemisphere (2).Top
South polar skua range
The south polar skua is considered to have the most southerly breeding range of any bird in the world, with some individuals breeding as far south as the Amundsen Scott Station at the South Pole (3). However, most breeding colonies of the south polar skua are scattered around the Antarctic coast and on offshore islands, especially in the Ross Sea region (2) (3) (8). Its breeding range extends northwards to the Antarctic Peninsula and some of the South Shetland Islands (9) (10).Top
South polar skua habitat
The south polar skua


EMF Health-effects Research
Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L, Cristiani R, D'Inzeo G, Bertini M.
Neuroreport. 15(1):161-164, 2004
The study aimed to investigate the time-course of electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced effects on human cognitive and behavioral performance and on tympanic temperature.
Following a double-blind paradigm, subjects were tested on four performance tasks:
 - an acoustic simple-reaction time task,
 - a visual search task,
 - an arithmetic descending subtraction task and
 - an acoustic choice-reaction time task.
Moreover, tympanic temperature was collected five times during each session.
Results indicated an improvement of both simpleand choice-reaction times and an increase of local temperature on the exposed region under the active exposure. There was a clear time-course of the reaction time and temperature data, indicating that performance and physiological measures need a minimum of 25 min of EMF exposure to show appreciable changes.


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ARCHIVE: Milk product roadmaps
As part of our work on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP), we are developing ten product roadmaps to reduce the environmental impacts across the life cycle of a range of priority products.
The Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Milk Roadmap published May 2008: the first stage of a comprehensive action plan which will help the dairy sector to address its environmental impacts. The document also aims to take into account the economic and social sustainability of the dairy sector.
This is a living document which will be revisited regularly to ensure that the targets and evidence remains relevant. The Taskforce are meeting in plenary sessios twice yearly to review progress on the targets.
A 'One Year On' Report, summarising the achievements so far has been produced by the Taskforce and was published in August.
The evidence base for the Milk Roadmap also highlighted areas for potential future research, which will help refine the roadmap when it is revisited in the future.
- Milk Roadmap – One Year Down the Road (August 2009, PDF 780 KB) A news release has been published.
- Milk Roadmap 2008 (May 2008, PDF 400 KB)
- Evidence base for the Milk Roadmap: desktop study by the University of Manchester to map the evidence on the sustainability impacts across the milk life cycle and supply chain (PDF 1.55 MB)
- Dairy Supply Chain Forum
Evidence showed that milk and meat were high impact product categories, with food and drink consumption and production overall accounting for between 20-30% of all environmental impacts within the EU-25 (European Commission (2006): Environmental Impact of Products). Liquid milk was chosen as a starting point for the roadmap process in this area for a number of reasons, including:
- the market for liquid milk tends to be limited to the UK, enabling evidence on milk to be mapped relatively quickly and clearly
- mapping sustainability impacts for a base product like liquid milk may also produce useful data for future studies on the sustainability impacts of other products
- the willingness of the dairy sector to undertake positive action to map and help to reduce the negative impacts associated with milk production and consumption. Defra have been working in partnership with the Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce to produce the milk roadmap.
Average liquid milk consumption in the UK is fairly high at around 1.6 litres per person per week for 2007 (or just under 3 pints). Overall consumption has decreased on the previous year by 2.4 percent.
Provisional figures show UK milk production at 12,858 million litres for 2008/2009 with 6,690 million litres (51%) of that destined for the liquid milk market (the remainder going into products such as butter, cheese and yoghurt). Therefore, the Milk Roadmap work captures information relating to more than half of the overall production of milk in the UK (source: MDC Datum).
Defra are continuing to work in partnership with the Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce in implementing the Milk Roadmap and achieving its targets.
A 'One Year On' Report, summarising the achievements so far has been produced by the Taskforce and will be published shortly.
- Defra: milk and milk products
- Dairy Supply Chain Forum
- Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce
Page last modified: 23 November 2009


Federation Legacy Wiki
Federation Legacy Wiki
Created by CaptFredricks
A stardate was a unit of time measurement expressed as a decimal number. It was sometimes used in conjunction with the Gregorian calendar on Earth, however by the 25th century it was the more widely used system by organizations such as Starfleet.[1]
It was widely recognized by several major governments of the Alpha Quadrant and Beta Quadrants, and it was the official dating system used by the United Federation of Planets.[citation needed]
Starfleet captain's logs were typically introduced by stating the stardate at the time of the recording.[2][3]
Notes and references[]
External links[]


Skip to navigation | Skip to content
Pine trees may help create smog, acid rain
pine tree
Could pine trees be making things worse? Latest research suggests they contribute to smog
Rather than being a global warming solution, pine trees may be inducing smog and acid rain by releasing vast amounts of nitrogen oxide into the air, researchers have discovered.
Under some circumstances, needles from Scots pine trees can release nitrogen oxides directly into the atmosphere, according to a report in today's issue of the journal, Nature.
A team led by Professor Pertti Hari of the University of Helsinki in Finland, conducted experiments with new pine shoots from Pinus sylvestris, measuring the amount of nitrogen oxides they emitted when exposed to sunlight.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), along with hydrocarbon gases and sunlight, are the three ingredients needed to make photochemical smog that clogs the skies of many urban centres, as well as acid rain.
The researchers were surprised to find NOx produced by the pine needles, and that levels rose when shoots were exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. While the amount produced was insignificant on a local scale, "our findings suggest that global NOx from boreal coniferous forests may be comparable to those produced by worldwide industrial and traffic sources," said the authors.
Other scientists were cautious. "I would like to see a more qualitative estimate of how significant that might be in comparison to all the other sources of nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere," said Associate Professor David Griffith of the atmospheric chemistry research group at Australia's University of Wollongong.
While the gases produced by pine trees could in theory deliver as much air pollution as worldwide industrial emissions, in reality most trees do not grow in air that has the very low background levels of nitrogen oxides needed for the trees to emit NOx in the first place.
"If there are already nitrogen oxides in the air, there will be a net uptake, they will be taken up by the trees," he told ABC Science Online.
The study did show for the first time that forests can produce two of the three critical ingredients for smog, and it had been previously established that trees produce hydrocarbons. "No-one has recognised before that they also produce the nitrogen oxides," said Griffith. "Once you put both those ingredients together you can form photochemical smog."
But the amount of nitrous oxides required for this to happen are in the order of tens of parts per billion, and the research has only found levels of one to three parts per billion, he said.
"What I can't judge is how significant this would be globally," he added. "It's going to be a local effect. Nitrogen oxides don't have a long lifetime in the atmosphere." By comparison, nitrous oxides have a very long lifetime, and can spread all over the world.
Australia does not have a lot of boreal or 'needle tree' - forests, because they tend to exist in high latitude areas. But the findings could be relevant on a local scale in Australian pine plantations, Griffith said.
Large scale planting of pine trees to act as 'carbon sinks' has been promoted by some, the theory being that fast-growing trees absorb and retain carbon dioxide from the air. Carbon dioxide is widely cited one of the major contributors to global warming.
Tags: environment, agricultural-crops, science-and-technology


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Base64 To Image Converter
About Base64 To Image Converter
Base64 to Image converter is an online tool to convert your Base64 data to Image with the best possible output quickly and easily. You can copy or save the converted Image data.
How to convert Base64 To Image?
- To convert the Base64 to Image enter the Base64 text in the input.
- Click the conversion button to convert Base64 to Image.
- Once the conversion is done you can download the generated Image.


Please note the following:
1. Brown bus will continue to have a delayed morning pick-up through at least the end of the week. If you have specific questions, please call _PHONE_.
2. It has gotten cold so please make sure your student has a hat, gloves and a warm coat on cold days. All students at ARD have a recess each day.
3. Today was the first day of the attendance protocol through Google. Mrs. Petersons called families that did not have their child check-in between 8:00-9:30. Your help with making sure your child is up in the morning to do this is very much appreciated. Thank you.


Thanks Rekha, it is really helpful! Could you, or anybody, please also help me understand following questions? 1. How could I get the progress score of each task (map or reduce). Can I have them from the log files, directly or by configuring them to "debug" mode or I need to change the source of Hadoop? 2. For speculative execution, hadoop looks at the average progress score of map tasks( or of reduce tasks ) and compare a task's progress score with the average. If it is less than the average - 0.2, the task is a straggler. For example, if there are 10 map tasks, we first compute the average progress score of the 10 map tasks, then we compare each of the 10 map tasks to the average to find the straggler. Am I right on the algorithm? Please do correct me if I am wrong. Thanks a lot! Regards Chengwei ----- Original Message ----- From: "Rekha Joshi" To: Sent: Friday, November 12, 2010 12:53:25 AM Subject: Re: about the task statistics in the history directory Hi Chengwei, If it helps, reading the hadoop tutorial, the configuration files along with API JobHistory* pages would provide you the main details. For eg: There is a typo on api - "JobHistory.ReduceAttempt Helper class for logging or reading back events related to start, finish or failure of a Map Attempt on a node." It should be "Reduce" instead of "Map".Use your judgment. :) Just an example that only code is gospel truth, api/document are guiding force. Thanks & Regards, /Rekha. On 11/12/10 7:57 AM, "Wang, Chengwei" wrote: HI All, I just wonder if there is any doc explaining the terms in the task statistics in the logs/history/? For example 'SPLITS', 'MapAttempt'? Thanks a lot for enlightening. Regards Chengwei


text:
speech for student election sample
Free sample student council speech: student council, Hello. my name is george robins, and i am the candidate for the student council representative. last year members of the student council did a great job by adjusting. Sample inspirational speech: student of the year nomination, Student of the year nomination. speech guru provides inspirational speech writing services at all levels. information on different types of speeches, presentation. How to write a speech for school elections (with sample, Expert reviewed. how to write a speech for school elections. four parts: crafting your message structuring your speech preparing for delivery sample speeches.
President speech sample free essays - studymode, Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on president speech sample.


text: A new survey by iQ Content reveals that, while the Irish eGovernment program has made progress, significant implementation problems are being experienced by the majority of public sector agencies. Based on interviews with public sector eGovernment professionals, the iQ Content survey reveals that Ireland's eGovernment program remains largely on track. Seventy-five percent of respondents have a clear idea of what eGovernment is about and its implications for their organization and 65% of organizations consider their implementation to be either on or ahead of schedule. However, the survey also reveals that the majority of public sector agencies (75%) are experiencing difficulties implementing their eGovernment strategies. Content creation, content management, and accessibility also emerge as being problematic for most public sector organizations; 95% of respondents admitted to having difficulties creating and managing content on their Web sites. Respondents identified a lack of strategic vision (40%) and a shortage of the appropriate human resources (20%) as key barriers to effective eGovernment implementation. The survey also highlights how human resource constraints are impacting on the delivery of eGovernment services because 75% of public sector Web sites are managed by just one person and in most cases, this person spends less than half their time on Web-related activities. Eighty-five percent also identified accessibility as a key challenge for effective egovernment implementation.


text:
Inspired by arts and crafts presented to us, or the great paint techniques you have seen in someone else's interior or on television, you might decide to give your home or business a fresh, modern look.
These specialised training courses give you full insight and knowledge into basic and advanced paint techniques. During these interactive workshops, which are a lot of fun, students will acquire the skills to decorate their homes or even start a lucrative career as a decorative artist. These courses are filled with information which covers the basics, from the preparation of walls and furniture, to the most advanced techniques, including glazing and varnishing methods.
Being an Accredited and Licensed Laetitia Viljoen trainer, I am able to present hands on training during these workshops
Wood, Furniture & Decorative (Day 1):
- Basic Principles and safety measures
Walls (Day 3):
- Basic principles and safety measures
Metal and Concrete (Day 5):
Wood, Furniture & Decorative (Day 2):
Walls (Day 4):
- Aged stone and Frottage


text:
Let's Escape Level 9
Let's Escape Level 9
Let's Escape Level 9 Walkthrough, Solutions, Cheats, Answers for iPhone, iPad, Android, Kindle, iPod Touch and other device by Mobest Media
- Check those hole of the snooker table, collect a knife handle.
- Check the ball beside, tap the ball and reveal the color.
- Now check the dart board, remember the number with different color of darts.
- So if we arrange the number according to the color on the ball, we will get 11913.
- Now tap in 11913 to the running machine, and collect a blade below.
- Now use knife to cut the trampoline and collect a silver key.
- Use silver key to open the cabinet on the right, collect a pliers from inside.
- Remember the arrangement of those color ball.
- Tap the snooker table, and imagine drawing line by following those color ball.
- You will see 5,1,6 and 2.
- So now use pliers to take off the dart board, there is a safe behind it.
- Tap in 5162 to open the safe and collect a key.
- Use the last key to open door.
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Charleston, South Carolina
The oldest city in South Carolina, the port city of Charleston is shaped by the meeting and merging of various rich cultural practices. This collection is inspired by its history, gardens, architecture, and craft traditions.
Great Plains
The open spaces of the Great Plains region lend themselves to minimalist photography that uses positive and negative space to cinematic effect. Abstract fine art complements the colors and compositional spaces of these simultaneously calming and arresting perspectives. Cityscapes and landscapes with rural structures extend the visual language established by the minimalist and abstract works.
The curated selection seeks to express a balance between dynamism and stability.
San Antonio, Texas
In San Antonio, the historic and contemporary sit side-by-side amongst a colorful blend of cultures.
In this gallery, architectural details of historic structures are paired with contemporary cityscapes. The vibrant palettes, shapes, and patterns found throughout the city inform the abstract works and botanical photography.


text:
The highlights of this release are:
Improving Productivity and Workflow
- Redesigned results analysis mode, capable of producing plots and tabular data orders of magnitude faster than before
- Post-Processing Automation and Intelligence
- Full visual results in the parametric Command Center tool.
This group of enhancements substantially reduce the engineering time required to inspect simulation results.
Enhancing the Thermal Digital Twin
- Multiple temperature sensor support for Power Controller object
- Semiconductor materials: Tabular definition of thermal conductivity variation with temperature
These enhancements improve the ability to include semiconductor materials and power control strategies in the thermal digital twin.


A No-Fuss Method for Cooking Almost Any Whole Grain
I don't bother with carefully measuring water or fiddling around with getting just the right flame when I cook whole grains on the stove. Instead, I cook pretty much every type of grain using the same no-fuss method — with great results every time.
Basically, I use the same method for cooking whole grains that I use for cooking pasta: I simmer the grains in a good amount of salted water until they are the right texture, and then drain them. Some grains like quinoa benefit from a 10-minute rest in the covered pot after draining, which gives a better texture, but for most of the other grains I use on a regular basis, such as barley, wheat berries, or farro, this isn't necessary.
Brown rice is the only whole grain I don't use this method for, as I prefer the texture when it is cooked in the traditional way, but it can done. In fact, Saveur uses it in their recipe for Perfect Brown Rice.
A couple hints when using this method:
- When cooking quinoa, watch for the point when most of the grains have little spirals (the germ) curling around them. That's when it's done cooking. Drain it, put it back in the pot off the heat and cover it for 10 minutes, then fluff with a fork and serve.
- For all other grains, periodically taste as they cook and drain them once they are cooked through and soft.
- Very hard grains like wheat berries will need 45 minutes or more of simmering, so add water if too much boils off during cooking.
- As with pasta, generously salt the water. You can also add bay leaf, herb sprigs, garlic cloves or other aromatics that can be easily removed once the grains are cooked through.
Have you ever tried this method? How do you cook whole grains?
Related: How To Cook Brown Rice
(Image: Joe Belanger/Shutterstock)


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Fiber Arts Exhibit at Sacred Heart University is Sure to Pleasecomments (2) May 12th, 2008
"The history of fiber can be traced to the beginnings of civilization. With uses dating from the Stone Age, approximately 2.5 million years ago, such natural fibers as flax, cotton, wool and silk have been discovered in ancient burial sites in Egypt, Babylonia, Peru, and Great Britain," according to Nisha Drinkard of William Paterson University.
Drinkard curated Contemporary Fiber, the current exhibit at The Gallery of Contemporary Art at Sacred Heart University (Fairfield, Connecticut), which features fiber art from 22 purveyors and is on display until May 29, 2008.
Their offerings range from dresses to framed work on canvas, but all entries are made mainly with textiles. Techniques used to manipulate the fibers include knitting, sewing, stitching, weaving, and quilting.


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Toward the Meaning of the Biblical Hebrew Piel Stem
MetadataShow full item record
CitationBeckman, John Charles. 2015. Toward the Meaning of the Biblical Hebrew Piel Stem. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
AbstractThe biblical Hebrew D stem (piel) seems to be inconsistent from verb to verb, both in its meaning and in its relationship to the G stem (qal). For example, the D stem has a higher valency than the G stem for some verbs (e.g., קדשׁ G 'to be holy', D 'to make holy'), whereas for other verbs, the G and D stems seem to be interchangeable (e.g., שׁבר־1 can be glossed 'to break' in both the G and D stems).
The dominant explanation for this is by Waltke and O'Connor (1990), who draw upon earlier work by Jenni (1968) and Goetze (1942). They posit that the D stem is factitive/resultative, meaning that it describes the subject causing a passive undersubject to enter a state without describing the process. Thus שׁבר־1, which means 'to break' (process) in the G stem, means 'to make broken' (resultative) in the D stem. By developing criteria to detect this distinction and by examining every occurrence of every verb in the Hebrew Bible, we found that the D stem has a process meaning far more often than a resultative meaning, contrary to Waltke and O'Connor's hypothesis. Furthermore, their hypothesis cannot explain verbs that lack a direct object in the D stem.
As an alternate explanation, Kouwenberg (1997, 2010) argued that the D stem originally expressed verbal intensity but then developed a variety of meanings, including verbal plurality and high semantic transitivity. In addition to having cross-linguistic support, this hypothesis also passed all three tests that we devised regarding its use in the Hebrew Bible: (1) The D stem adds an agent only to verbs that have low semantic transitivity in the G stem. (2) For verbs with roughly the same meaning in the D and G stems, the D stem is more likely in contexts that have high verbal plurality or (3) high semantic transitivity. Nevertheless, the difference in likelihood is often slight. Furthermore, the flexibility of Kouwenberg's explanation makes it difficult to falsify, even in theory. Therefore, the level of support for Kouwenberg's hypothesis is modest.
Citable link to this pagehttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:_PHONE_
- FAS Theses and Dissertations


How to solder a wet pipe
How to solder a wet pipe
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Soldering a wet pipe or a pipe that is dripping can be difficult as the water can prevent the solder from sealing the joint correctly. If the pipe is dripping the water can actually be heated into steam which can in itself be dangerous. In this video an old trick from a retired plumber is used where a piece of bread is rolled into a ball and packed into the pipe. Once wet the bread swells up and prevents any water from dripping down and affecting the joint. Once the joint is soldered the bread can be flushed out of the pipe by restoring the water.
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text: Self advocacy refers to people who speak up for themselves and their peers. It is about having the right to make life decisions without undue influence or control by others. People with disabilities are often rendered powerless. Those with intellectual disabilities are more likely to live in institutions or group homes where they have little control over the rhythm of their lives, are likely to feel lonely, be unemployed or underemployed, and have fewer opportunities to be married or have children. Self advocacy for people with psychiatric or medical disabilities is referred to as self-empowerment or patient empowerment and encourages people to take an active role in their own care and support, whether that is recovery oriented or making decisions at the end of one's life to choose palliative hospice care rather than continue efforts to cure. HSRI – over the more than 3 decades since its inception – has worked directly with people with disabilities to support their organizations, to provide information (through such vehicles as The Riot), to include them in the design of participant research, and to provide guides for their inclusion in policy making bodies.


text:
Tapping the Liquid Gold
WATER BATTLE SITES
Central Plains Water scheme: involves taking water from the Rakaia and Waimakariri rivers and storing it in a reservoir in the dammed Waianiwaniwa Valley. The water will be used to irrigate 60,000ha bounded by the rivers, SH1 and the Malvern foothills. Red Zones: Environment Canterbury has labelled many blocks of land as red zones areas that have no more groundwater allocation to spare for irrigation. But farmers keep fighting for more water through legal challenges. Project Aqua: The lower Waitaki River was the site where Meridian abandoned a bid to build six new power stations by diverting two-thirds of the river through channel alongside the river.
Canterbury has 78,162 kilometres of rivers and 4753 lakes with a surface area of 702 square kilometres, an area the size of greater Christchurch.
The Canterbury region has 70 per cent of the country's irrigated land and generates 24% of the nation's power through hydroelectricity.
The aquifiers on the Central Plains are fed by seepage from the rivers and by rainfall. They supply almost all the water for irrigation and for human use.
The groundwater of the Canterbury Plains is a large continuously flowing body of water within layers of silts, sands and gravel down to a depth of 500m.
The Waimakariri River is the source of Christchurch's pristine untreated drinking water through the underground aquifer system. It's also one of the largest and best examples of a braided river in New Zealand.
(c) 2008 Press, The; Christchurch, New Zealand. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All rights Reserved.


text:
Students consider several different aspects of medieval life and then rate how important they think the Church was based on the evidence. Differentiated for higher (first two pages) and lower (last two pages) ability students.
Have you used this resource?Review this resource
Great resource. Thank you for sharing. Really makes students think about why the Church was important. I linked this work with a image of our local Anglo-Saxon Church and asked students to think about why they Church was important and how it was important.


Conjunctive normal form
related topics
{math, number, function}
{law, state, case}
In Boolean logic, a formula is in conjunctive normal form (CNF) if it is a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals, where a literal and its complement cannot appear in the same clause.[citation needed] As a normal form, it is useful in automated theorem proving. It is similar to the canonical product of sums form used in circuit theory.
All conjunctions of literals and all disjunctions of literals are in CNF, as they can be seen as conjunctions of one-literal clauses and conjunctions of a single clause, respectively. As in the disjunctive normal form (DNF), the only propositional connectives a formula in CNF can contain are and, or, and not. The not operator can only be used as part of a literal, which means that it can only precede a propositional variable.
Examples and counterexamples
All of the following formulas are in CNF:
The last formula is in CNF because it can be seen as the conjunction of the two single-literal clauses A and B. Incidentally, this formula is also in disjunctive normal form. The following formulae are not in CNF:
The above three formulae are respectively equivalent to the following three formulas that are in CNF:
Conversion into CNF
Every propositional formula can be converted into an equivalent formula that is in CNF. This transformation is based on rules about logical equivalences: the double negative law, De Morgan's laws, and the distributive law.
Since all logical formulae can be converted into an equivalent formula in conjunctive normal form, proofs are often based on the assumption that all formulae are CNF. However, in some cases this conversion to CNF can lead to an exponential explosion of the formula. For example, translating the following non-CNF formula into CNF produces a formula with 2n clauses:
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text:
Daniel Kolibar, Neal Ross, Justin Sherman, Kelsey Armstrong
Feb 12, 2020
In its annual Oil and Gas Review [PDF] published on December 23, 2019, the Alberta Securities Commission (ASC) highlighted concerns related to production disclosure by reporting issuers engaged in oil and gas activities. As our clients head into annual disclosure season, we have summarized certain key guidance points relevant to oil and gas reporting issuers currently readying their continuous disclosure filings, news releases and investor presentations.
Disclosure is required by each product type produced
The ASC reminded reporting issuers that, in order to comply with National Instrument 51-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities, production disclosure must include production based on product type produced, as measured at the first point of sale (i.e., the first point after initial production at which there is a transfer of ownership). If reporting issuers disclose an aggregate production amount using boe/day or a production amount for a by-product (or hydrocarbon component), such as condensate, they will also need to disclose the constituent or related product types that were produced.
This clarification is noteworthy as it rejects the relatively common practice among oil and gas reporting issuers of disclosing an aggregate production amount using boe/day without including the constituent product types produced, and of disclosing by-product or other fluids production (for example, condensate production) without also disclosing the product types produced.
To comply with the ASC's expectations, reporting issuers should ensure that any production disclosure includes each product type and quantity measured at the first point of sale. Product types include conventional natural gas, light crude oil and medium crude oil combined, bitumen, natural gas liquids and shale gas. So, in the case of condensates, it is necessary to also disclose natural gas liquids with which they are associated. Once this "minimum disclosure requirement" is met, reporting issuers can disclose as supplemental disclosure associated by-products and hydrocarbon components at the first point of sale, as well as estimated quantities of product types, by-products and hydrocarbon components expected to be recovered beyond the first point of sale. Accordingly, issuers may not need to significantly change how they are currently disclosing production amounts, so long as the disclosure is expansive enough to include production amounts using product types.
While some reporting issuers may object to the perceived low value of breaking out the overall composition of production by all product types, the ASC cautions that reporting issuers must ensure that disclosure is not misleading where certain product types are excluded – for example, where there are marketable quantities of a particular product type at the first point of sale, even if that product type is of lower value.
Other areas of improvement:
In the Oil and Gas Review, the ASC also noted the following additional concerns relating to production disclosure:
- quantities measured elsewhere than the first point of sale
- disclosure of product type ratios (for example, by percentages) rather than by quantity of each product type – the quantities of production should be disclosed in the same document in which those ratios are disclosed


text:
2.1 years ago by
CRUK, Cambridge, UK
DiffBind sets the minimum read count for consensus peaks to 1. Basically, this avoids divide-by-zero checking etc. One-read differences shouldn't make a difference in meaningful results (although it does skew the read distribution).
bFullLibrarySize option determines the total read count used for normalization. If
bFullLibrarySize=FALSE, the number of reads that overlap consensus peaks is used for each sample (basically, the sum of all the counts). This is the best option for cases where most of the peaks are not expected to change their binding affinity significantly. For the more conservative default,
bFullLibrarySize=TRUE, the total number of aligned reads in the.bam file is used (basically the sequencing depth). This is more appropriate in cases where you expect dramatic shifts in binding affinities, or if you are not sure what to expect.
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Joseph Jude
Technology, Psychology, and Story Telling
Introduction To Sailsjs Testing
Posted: Tags: code,sailsjs,testing,nodejs
Sailsjs is a superb web-app framework for nodejs. It's easy to learn and comes with all required components for developing web-apps (except database migrations).
To learn Sailsjs, I scratched an itch I had and developed a self-hosted static blog engine (the code lives in Bitbucket).
In the beginning, there were not many features and so testing everything manually was okay. But as I added features, testing all possible scenarios became difficult. So I am starting with automated tests.
Sailsjs itself is tested using mocha. So I selected mocha for testing my app too. This post is an introductory post on starting with testing sails app, not a detailed guide. As I go along, I will post more details of the testing.
Starting with testing consists of the following steps:
 1. Install dependencies
 2. Change grunt tasks
 3. Execute grunt test to test
1. Installing Dependencies
We need to install mocha, grunt-mocha-test and assert. These are not required for production use, so install them as dev-dependencies.
npm install mocha --save-dev
npm install grunt-mocha-test --save-dev
npm install assert --save-dev
After installation, you should see the following in the package.json:
 "devDependencies": {
 "assert": "^1.1.2",
 "grunt-mocha-test": "^0.11.0",
 "mocha": "^1.21.4"
2. Change grunt tasks
Under tasks/config, create a new file (test.js is fine) and copy, paste the following code:
 * test.js
module.exports = function(grunt) {
 grunt.config.set('mochaTest', {
 test : {
 options: {
 reporter:'spec'
 src: ['tests/**/*.spec.js']
This means that tests should be appended with.spec.js.
Under tasks/register create a new file (again test.js is fine) and copy, paste the following code:
module.exports = function (grunt) {
 grunt.registerTask('test', [
3. Execute grunt test to test
Now you are ready to execute the test (remember, this is only an introductory guide, not a detailed one).
If you type grunt test, you will see the following results
Running "mochaTest:test" (mochaTest) task
No files to check...OK
Done, without errors.
The basic setup for testing an app is done. Detailed testing of models and controllers will follow.
Like the post? Retweet it. Got comments? Reply.
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text:
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth: An Epidemic of Homelessness
Estimates of homeless youth who identify as GLBTQ range from 20-40%, compared to 3-5% of the total U.S. population. Ray and contributing authors have compiled a comprehensive report on the state of homeless GLBTQ youth for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. The report covers the literature on topics including the state of youth homelessness today, federal response to youth homelessness, and the experiences of homeless youth. Several exemplary programs that serve homeless GLBTQ youth are highlighted.
Through a comprehensive review of the available academic research and professional literature, we answer some basic questions, including why so many LGBT youth are becoming and remaining homeless. We report on the harassment and violence that many of these youth experience in the shelter system and we summarize research on critical problems affecting them, including mental health issues, substance abuse and risky sexual behavior. We also analyze the federal government's response to youth homelessness, including the specific impact on LGBT homeless youth of increased federal funding for faith-based service providers.
We also partnered with five social service agencies who have written sections that detail model programs they have developed to improve service delivery to LGBT homeless youth. In order to put a face to all of this research and data, we also include profiles of LGBT homeless youth, many of which were collected through focus groups we conducted at service providers around the country. Finally, in consultation with a number of youth advocacy organizations, we conclude with a series of state-, federaland practitioner-level policy recommendations that can help to curb this epidemic. (Author)
Type of Resource:


Artist picture of Pachya
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PachYa is a Polish singer/songwriter with a universal appeal. Together with German producer Nomagy, she creates irresistible pop music with a positive social message, aiming to unite a fracturing world through the power of music. PachYa's musical journey began when she was only six years old. The ambitious young child was drawn to the piano, which led to her attending the Music School in Bialogard. Equally passionate about singing, she always had a microphone in her hand. After leaving school, she began to explore the worlds of EDM, Pop, Dance, and House music. As a member of many different groups across Europe, she developed a unique hybrid style, appealing to people of many different cultures. Returning to her homeland, PachYa felt distraught about the state of the UK, and the world in general. She poured her emotions into the release of a new single, called "Rebuild This Land". Sung in Polish, Italian, and English, and the song was an immediate hit. The song is the perfect summary of PachYa's personal motto: "My nationality is a human child. My country is the world.


text:
We present the first stage of a new online-coupled global to regional scale modelling framework for the simulation of the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosols and trace gases. The underlying meteorological model is the new nonhydrostatic model system ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) which allows a local grid refinement with two-way interactions between the grids. We develop the extension ART (Aerosol and Reactive Trace gases) with the goal to simulate interactions between trace substances and the state of the atmosphere. Within this paper, we present the basic equations and give an overview of the physical parameterizations as well as numerical methods we use.
First applications of the new model system for trace gases, monodisperse particles and polydisperse particles are shown. The simulated distribution of two very short-lived substances, Bromoform (CHBr3) and Dibrommethane (CH2Br2) reflecting the fast upward transport shows a good agreement with observations and previous model studies. Also, the shape of the simulated tropical profiles is well reproduced. As an example for the treatment of monodisperse particles we present the simulated ash plume of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010.... mehrHere, a novel approach for the source function is applied. The pattern of the simulated distribution of volcanic ash particles shows an agreement with previous studies. As an example for the treatment of a polydisperse aerosol, where number densities and mass concentrations are accounted for, we simulated the annual emissions of sea salt. We obtain a total emission flux of 26.0 Pg yr-1 and an emission flux of particles with diameter less than 10 my m of 7.36 Pg yr-1.


Unit Converter
Conversion formula
The conversion factor from cubic meters to fluid ounces is 33814.022558919, which means that 1 cubic meter is equal to 33814.022558919 fluid ounces:
1 m3 = 33814.022558919 fl oz
To convert 9.2 cubic meters into fluid ounces we have to multiply 9.2 by the conversion factor in order to get the volume amount from cubic meters to fluid ounces. We can also form a simple proportion to calculate the result:
1 m3 → 33814.022558919 fl oz
9.2 m3 → V(fl oz)
Solve the above proportion to obtain the volume V in fluid ounces:
V(fl oz) = 9.2 m3 × 33814.022558919 fl oz
V(fl oz) = 311089.00754206 fl oz
The final result is:
9.2 m3 → 311089.00754206 fl oz
We conclude that 9.2 cubic meters is equivalent to 311089.00754206 fluid ounces:
9.2 cubic meters = 311089.00754206 fluid ounces
Alternative conversion
We can also convert by utilizing the inverse value of the conversion factor. In this case 1 fluid ounce is equal to 3.2145140964674E-6 × 9.2 cubic meters.
Another way is saying that 9.2 cubic meters is equal to 1 ÷ 3.2145140964674E-6 fluid ounces.
Approximate result
For practical purposes we can round our final result to an approximate numerical value. We can say that nine point two cubic meters is approximately three hundred eleven thousand eighty-nine point zero zero eight fluid ounces:
9.2 m3 ≅ 311089.008 fl oz
An alternative is also that one fluid ounce is approximately zero times nine point two cubic meters.
Conversion table
cubic meters to fluid ounces chart
For quick reference purposes, below is the conversion table you can use to convert from cubic meters to fluid ounces
cubic meters (m3) fluid ounces (fl oz)
10.2 cubic meters 344903.03 fluid ounces
11.2 cubic meters 378717.053 fluid ounces
12.2 cubic meters 412531.075 fluid ounces
13.2 cubic meters 446345.098 fluid ounces
14.2 cubic meters 480159.12 fluid ounces
15.2 cubic meters 513973.143 fluid ounces
16.2 cubic meters 547787.165 fluid ounces
17.2 cubic meters 581601.188 fluid ounces
18.2 cubic meters 615415.211 fluid ounces
19.2 cubic meters 649229.233 fluid ounces


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Result Set Mapping: Constructor Result Mappings
By Thorben Janssen
This is the third part of my series about SQL result set mappings:
In the first post of this series, we had a look at some mapping definition between the query result and one entity. The mapping definitions got more complex in the second part, as we mapped the query result to multiple entities and handled additional columns.
In this post, we will have a look at the Constructor Result Mappings introduced in JPA 2.1. This feature allows us to call the constructor of a value object with the result of the query, similar to the JPQL constructor expressions. This is often used, if we want to provide a specific view of our domain model to the client.
The example
Before we start, lets have a look at the entity model that we will use for the examples. If you read the second part of this series, you are already familiar with the Author and Book entities. Both entities are quite simple. The Author entity has an id, a version, a first name and a last name. The Book entity has an id, a version, a title and a reference to the Author. To avoid unnecessary complexity, each Book was written by only one Author.
As we want to map our query results to a value object, we need an additional class called BookValue with an id, a version, a title and the name of the author.
How to map to a value object
Selecting entities and returning a tree of objects to the caller is not always the best approach. The caller often needs only a subset of the provided information and a specific value object would be much more efficient. For these situations, JPQL supports constructor expressions that can be specified in the select part of the JPQL query and define the constructor call for each selected record.
The BookValue in our example could be used in a client to show some information about a Book and the name of the Author. As long as we only need the name of the Author, there is no need to select and transfer the whole Author entity. It is more efficient to use an object of BookValue and select the name of the Author in the query.
SELECT b.id, b.title, b.version, a.firstName || a.lastName as authorName FROM Book b JOIN Author a ON b.author_id = a.id
In the next step, we need to define a mapping that uses the query result to call the constructor of the BookValue. This is done similar to the mappings we created before with the _USER_ annotation. The mapping shown in the following code snippet consists of a name and a _USER_ annotation.
 name = "BookValueMapping",
 classes = _USER_(
 targetClass = BookValue.class,
 columns = {
 _USER_(name = "id", type = Long.class),
 _USER_(name = "title"),
 _USER_(name = "version", type = Long.class),
 _USER_(name = "authorName")}))
The name of the mapping, BookValueMapping in this example, will later be used to tell the EntityManager which mapping to use. The _USER_ annotation defines the constructor call for a given target class. This is the BookValue in our example. The array of _USER_ annotations defines the columns of the query result that will be used as constructor parameters with their type and order. The type attribute is optional and you only need to provide it, if the type of the column is different to the type of the constructor parameter. In this case, the default types of the id and version columns are BigInteger and need to be converted to Long.
Similar to the mapping of multiple entities, the classes attribute of the _USER_ accepts an array of _USER_ annotations. If the mapping maps to multiple value objects or entities, each column can be used multiple times.
And like all the mapping definitions before, also the constructor result mapping can be defined in a mapping XML file. The easiest way to do this is to use the default mapping file called orm.xml that will be automatically used, if it is added to the META-INF directory of the jar file.

The usage of the constructor mapping is identical to the other SQL result set mappings. We need to provide it to the createNativeQuery(String sqlString, String resultSetMapping) method of the EntityManager and we get a List.
List results = this.em.createNativeQuery("SELECT b.id, b.title, b.version, a.firstName || a.lastName as authorName FROM Book b JOIN Author a ON b.author_id = a.id", "BookValueMapping").getResultList();
After we started with simple result mappings in the first post and created more complex ones in the second post, we now had a look at constructor result mappings that were introduced with JPA 2.1.
These provide a functionality similar to the JPQL constructor expressions and map the result of a query to constructor calls. The mapping can be defined via XML or a _USER_ annotation and one or more _USER_ annotations.
Here is again a list of the previous posts of the series in case you missed one of them:
About the author
Books and Courses
Coaching and Consulting
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 2. Hi Thorben,
 First of all, whole tutorials are great about ResultSetMapping, thank you so much…
 when I use your way, I am getting this kind of error and I didn't figure it out. I have two entity classes (Projects.java and ProjectsFlow.java) like yours (Author.java and Book.java) and also I have a class for result mapping ProjectsTables.java like your BookValue.java…This is the error
 and also these are the other classes….
 In the OrganisationController class (line 52), I've created a query (createNativeQuery) and in the homepage.jsp I've called the results (line 174)….
 I don't understand the problem? Please can you help me?
 1. Hi Hasan,
 have you tried to use Integer.class instead of int.class to handle empty columns in the query result?
 1. Hi,
 I don't understand meaning of "to handle empty columns"…you mean, just use Integer.class instead of int.class….If you want to say this, yes I tried before but not worked.
 1. Thanks Daniel!
 You can find the post about the Hibernate specific features here: //thorben-_URL_-mapping-hibernate-specific-mappings/


1. Raising the Research Bar Survey
The Legal Research Center is planning a research training program for Friday morning, May 16 and would like your suggestions. The program will last about 3 1/2 hours, including a Continental Breakfast, and is designed to sharpen your research skills and provide practical tips that will let you confidently answer real-world research questions.
* 1. How can we help you do your job this summer?
* 2. Where will you be working this summer?
* 3. What will you be doing at your job this summer?
* 5. How would you characterize your legal research skills?
* 6. Other comments or suggestions or suggestions for the program:
* 7. Name
* 8. Email address