During the holidays, cold weather and decadent food can make it challenging to stay active throughout the seemingly never-ending winter season. This year, ditch that boring gym workout for something a little different.
Christina Kaoh
You might have seen it at Cirque du Soleil or during Pink's high flying performance at last year's Grammy awards, and it's called aerial silks. The performances are literally dances in the air complete with extreme poses and jaw-dropping drops. However, silks are much more than an acrobatic show—they provide a unique and challenging workout that requires a combination of flexibility and strength. I spoke with aerial silks enthusiast and class instructor Christina Kaoh about her passion for the big top.
In a nutshell, what do aerials and acrobatics technically consist of? Is there a proper name for it?
The sport (or performance art, really) that I practice the most, is known by several names: aerial silks, aerial acrobatics, and tissu (which is French for "fabric"). There are other apparatuses, such as aerial hoop, or lyra, which is a circular structure suspended on a rotating point; aerial straps, which consist of straps which the performer grabs by the hand or loops their foot into; and rope, or corde lisse, which is a fabric covered rope. Static and flying trapeze are other forms of aerial arts.
How popular do you think that aerial silks currently are?
It's become increasingly used as an exercise and more and more appreciated as a performance art. People, such as myself, train in aerial arts for the pure performance aspect of it and gain the strength and flexibility in the mean time. But a lot of classes use aerial apparatus these days as fitness apparatus and build conditioning classes based on aerial moves. It's also become increasingly blended with yoga to ease practitioners into upside down poses and help increase flexibility.
How did you first get started?
I saw Cirque du Soleil and was inspired to become just as proficient in the aerial art form (i.e. just as cool) that I saw in that show, which was aerial tissu, to be specific. I remember that I saw "KA" in Vegas one summer and was blown away by how amazing all the acts were. A few months later, I saw another Cirque show that traveled through my area and resolved to find myself aerial classes. Two days later, I was learning how to climb tissu and do footlocks!
Which muscles do aerial silks work? What health benefits does it have?
Aerial arts definitely work your back, core and shoulders, to name a few. Even your legs are engaged to keep them straight, lift them up and over your head, or keep your toes pointed. It really is a total body workout that engages parts of your body that may not be engaged in more traditional forms of exercise. Learning aerial arts can make you more flexible and it is an anaerobic workout since it forces you to work against gravity and use your own body weight by pulling yourself up or over the fabric. I also think it has psychological benefits because it forces you to face your fear of heights, being upside down and being in unconventional positions.
How can I get started with aerials and acrobatics?
Just go for it! That's what I did anyway. I always hear, "I don't have any upper body strength, so I'm going to wait till I've worked out more." No. You'll build it as you go. I could never complete a pull-up before and now I can do six really good ones at a time and it all came from going to class. Each time you struggle to pull yourself up the fabric or into a pose, you are strengthening your muscles. Be prepared to work muscles you may not normally use, such as back muscles, your forearms, and your hands. Your hand grip will become much stronger in time.
What can I search for when looking for gyms?
When looking for a gym, I suggest looking at the instructor's style. How good are they with beginner students if that is your level? Some fabulous performers/coaches don't make for the most understanding or compassionate instructors for beginners. Know what you're willing to take. If they push you hard, is that going to leave you defeated, or do you thrive in that type of pressure? Most importantly, take a look at your instructor's actual technique. I learn by emulating what I see and if I'm not impressed with what I see, then I'm not willing to learn from this person. An instructor can be strong and "know" the moves, but if he or she does everything with bent knees, relaxed feet, and by swinging into moves, then it's likely that they won't correct you in straightening your legs, pointing/flexing your feet, and developing muscle control as opposed to using momentum to get into position. All those small things make the difference in a mediocre performance and a fabulous one.
Editor's Note: Christina Kaoh is an aerial silks instructor at Urban Evolution gym in Alexandria, Va. She has been practicing silks on and off for the last four years.


text:
A dose of fetish. Good friends. An incomparable muse.
State of Emergency
Manqué (adjective). having failed, missed, or fallen short, especially because of circumstances or a defect of character; unsuccessful; unfulfilled or frustrated (usually used post positively).
Use at least 10 of the words to create a story or poem
The words can appear in an alternate form
Use the words in any order that you like.
Tag: Mindlovemisery's Menagerie and Wordle
Ping or leave your link in the comments below

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Drone Hijacking? That's Just the Start of GPS TroublesJuly 8, 2012
On the evening of June 19, a group of researchers from the University of Texas successfully hijacked a civilian drone at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico during a test organized by the Department of Homeland Security.
The drone, an Adaptive Flight Hornet Mini, was hovering at around 60 feet, locked into a predetermined position guided by GPS. Then, with a device that cost around $1,000 and the help of sophisticated software that took four years to develop, the researchers sent a radio signal from a hilltop one kilometer away. In security lingo, they carried out a spoofing attack.
"We fooled the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) into thinking that it was rising straight up," says Todd Humphreys, assistant professor at the Radionavigation Laboratory at the University of Texas.
Deceiving the drone's GPS receiver, they changed its perceived coordinates. To compensate, the small copter dove straight down, thinking it was returning to its programmed position. If not for a safety pilot intervening before the drone hit the ground, it would have crashed.
But for Humphreys playing the part of an evil genius in a thriller movie, everything worked exactly to plan. "It was beautiful," he tells Danger Room.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Students learn basic skills in electricity, line work installation, repair, cable splicing, and system testing, as well as transformer connections, underground electric installation and effective operation of digger derricks. Electric lineworkers install and repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. They locate line trouble, climb poles, use hot line tools, and operate and maintain substations. This program prepares students to work for power line construction and utility companies.
All students are required to obtain a Red Cross First Aid card and a CPR card before a certificate is issued.
Electric Line mechanic


text:
In early April, the Kids Fashion Weekend Spring Festival was held at the Zagreb Zoo, where children had the opportunity to participate in several exciting workshops and activities. The event was also supported by JGL in the form of an Aqua Maris corner, where children could take part in an educational workshop titled "Plant for cleaner air because breathing means life!".
In addition to planting and sowing seeds of plants well-known for their air-purifying qualities, children and their parents learned about the importance of plants for human health. They decorated their plant pots, which they could take home as an incentive to continue caring for their plants.
The little creative minds joined a workshop on making butterflies, picture frames and jewellery from repurposed materials. This reaffirmed the idea that not all waste should be thrown away and that it can be used creatively with the ultimate goal of preserving nature and the environment.


Is Shakespeare useful today?
There have been debates online and offline about the relevance of teaching Shakespeare in schools. Some argue that Shakespeare has no importance in today's time as there is no benefit to be gained from it; not in working world at least. While others claim that Shakespeare is useful in making links to the old English Literature of the past. However, there are many like me who feel Shakespeare is good for teaching moral values. Almost all his plays teach us about injustice, which comes in all forms.
He may be relevant….
Despite the surreal-ness of some of Shakespeare's plays, or the language being poetic and stylised; they teach us about values that still transcend from Shakespeare's time to today. These are the moral values that we can relate to. So rather than looking at the complexities of how useful is Shakespeare's plays in the current make up of today's world; we should see Shakespeare's plays as something that is unchangeable over the times. The plays may have been written in the past, in different settings, in different times; but the message is still relevant today.
Relevance in his popular plays
In Macbeth, we are taught that greed and power leads to downfall. In Romeo and Juliet, we are taught when people fight, people get hurt. In The Tempest, we are taught forgiveness is a virtue. In both A Midsummer Night's dream and As You Like It, we are taught about struggling with disguises and coming to terms with our own identities. I could go on but these are a few examples of his plays that displayed moral messages.


text: Fuzzy rules are used to model solute dispersion in a river dead zone, such that the turbulent diffusion is determined by a fuzzy inference system which relates the local mean velocity shear to the longitudinal velocity fluctuations. A finite-volume hybrid scheme is applied to a non-orthogonal grid for which a mean velocity field is produced using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package Telemac 2D. At each cell face fuzzy rules predict a fuzzy number, and these numbers reflect the possible magnitudes of turbulent velocity fluctuations. These are input to the finite-volume model using a single-value simulation method. Multiple model runs produce a fuzzy number for the solute concentration in each cell. The results of the fuzzy model are then compared with data collected in a field experiment with rhodamine dye in the River Severn.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Tinkham (page 63) states that the temperature dependence of the gap energy of a superconductor $\Delta(T)$ can be calculated using the following integral: enter image description here
How can this actually be carried out? I am not sure how to approach this problem or re-arrange the equation for finding $\Delta(T)$ numerically.
A URL containing a little more inforamtion about this Eqn: _URL_ (slide 35)
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
I will not give you the numerical solution, but I will below explain some analytical simplifications that I believe are required to solve the numerical problem. The strategy is simple: try to express all the parameters of the integral in term of dimensionless variables. To achieve a discussion in term of $\delta = \Delta(T) / \Delta(T=0)$ and $\tau = T / T_{c}$ a bit of work is required, that's what I do in the first section below. The second section give the final result, that you can check numerically.
Please first note the related question Interaction strength in BCS theory, where I also gave some remarks about the method and some numerical value for the parameter $$\eta = \frac{1}{N(0)V}$$, the (inverse) interaction strength. At the end of the calculation, this will turn out to be the only parameter you need.
In the following, the equation numbers are those of the original BCS paper [Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N., & Schrieffer, J. R. ; Theory of Superconductivity. Physical Review, 108, 1175–1204 (1957). _URL_ -> free to read on the APS website]. I change a bit their notation, though, the gap parameter will be called $\Delta$ instead of $\varepsilon_{0}$, and the Debye frequency will be noted $\omega_{D}$ instead of the BCS $\omega$. Subsequently, here $\Delta_0=\Delta\left(T=0\right)$ for simplicity. I've tried to be as explicit as I could, such that in principle there is no need to check the BCS paper, except for the first equation (the self-consistent gap equation, see below).
Somme preparatory calculations: the universal law
Let us start with the self-consistent integral of the gap:
$$\eta = \int_{0}^{\hslash \omega_{D}}\tanh \frac{\sqrt{\Delta^{2}+\xi^{2}}}{2k_{B}T}\frac{d\xi}{\sqrt{\Delta^{2}+\xi^{2}}}$$
where $\Delta=\Delta(T)$ is a short hand. We will first discuss an expression for the critical temperature $T_{c}$, then for the gap amplitude $\Delta_{0}$ at zero temperature, to end-up with a universal relation between $\Delta_{0}$ and $T_{c}$.
1.Critical temperature
The critical transition temperature $T=T_{c}$ is given by the above integral at the onset of $\Delta$. Say differently, $\Delta(T_{c})=0$. Then, $T_{c}$ is given by the integral relation
$$\eta = \int_{0}^{\hslash \omega_{D}}\tanh \frac{\xi}{2k_{B}T_{c}}\frac{d\xi}{\xi} = \int_{0}^{\kappa} \frac{\tanh z}{z} dz$$
since $\xi$ is a positive variable (representing the kinetic energy). I defined $\kappa = \hslash \omega_{D} / 2 k_{B} T_{c} $ in the above integral. This integral is badly defined at its lower boundary, but can be evaluated by an integration by part
$$\int_{0}^{\kappa} \frac{\tanh z}{z} dz = \left. \ln z \tanh z \right|_{0} ^{\kappa} - \int_{0}^{\kappa} \frac{\ln z}{\cosh^2z}dz$$
where the first term is exactly evaluated, and the second one is approximated
$$\int_{0}^{\kappa} \frac{\tanh z}{z} dz \approx \ln \kappa - \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{\ln z}{\cosh^2z}dz = \ln \kappa + \ln \frac{4 e^{\gamma}}{\pi}$$
for small enough $T_{c}$ or large enough Debye cut-off (large $\kappa$). The second integral is still badly defined at its lower boundary, but it is well tabulated and written in terms of the Euler constant $\gamma$.
Collecting all we have done so far, we have
$$\eta \approx \ln \frac{4e^{\gamma}\kappa}{\pi} \;\; ; \;\; \kappa \gg 1$$
or equivalently the important relation
$$\frac{k_{B}T_{c}}{\hslash\omega_{D}} \approx \frac{2e^{\gamma}}{\pi}e^{-\eta} \approx 1.134 e^{-\eta} \;\; ; \;\; \hslash\omega_{D} \gg k_{B}T_{c}$$
which helps you numerically finding the critical temperature. This is Eq.(3.29) of BCS paper. This equation has important consequences. The most important of them is that it is impossible to find $T_{c}$ by perturbation expansion of the interaction strength $\eta^{-1}$. This point (among others, like the absence of quantum mechanics -- hence QM of many-body -- when superconductivity was discovered) explain the long waiting before an efficient theory of superconductivity was discovered.
2. Zero-temperature gap
The previous (long) discussion is just a numerical help for the critical temperature. Let us now find a simple evaluation of $\Delta_{0}$, the gap at zero temperature. At zero temperature, the self-consistent equation is just
$$\eta=\int_{0}^{\hslash \omega_{D}}\frac{d\xi}{\sqrt{\xi^{2}+\Delta_{0}^{2}}} \Rightarrow \boxed{\dfrac{\hslash \omega_{D}}{\Delta_{0}}=\sinh \eta}$$
since the integral can be calculated exactly. This is equation (2.40) of BCS paper.
3. Universal BCS relation
Now, the important point. We have above two evaluations of $\eta$, one dependent of $T_{c}$, the other one dependent on $\Delta_{0}$. Then, one has
$$\frac{\hslash \omega_{D}}{\Delta_{0}} = \sinh \ln \frac{4e^{\gamma}\kappa}{\pi}$$
, which, for small $\Delta_{0} / \hslash \omega_{D}$, gives approximately (NB: the equation to resolve is a second order polynomial equation in $\kappa$, so it has two solutions. Only the positive solution must be retain, since all the parameters are positive) the approximate BCS universal law for weak coupling
$$\boxed{ \Delta_{0} \approx 1.76 \; k_{B}T_{c}} \;\; ; \;\; \hslash \omega_{D} \gg \Delta_{0}$$
almost the Eq.(3.30) of BCS (their numerical prefactor is 1.75, not 1.76, but that's what I found using Maple actually). One can check the asymptotic relation used twice above: $\hslash\omega_{D}\gg \left(k_{B}T_{c}, \Delta_{0} \right)$ since $\Delta_{0}$ and $k_{B}T_{c}$ are of the same order of magnitude through the universal BCS law.
This important point of the above (long...) discussion is that we end up with a universal law linking the gap parameter at zero temperature, and the critical temperature of all BCS superconductors. This can be used to define what a BCS superconductor is, but I'm not sure a non-BCS superconductor has a commonly accepted definition as violating the previous expression.
The universal version for weak coupling
Using all the above expressions, in particular what I called the universal law $\Delta_{0} \approx 1.76 k_{B}T_{c}$ and the exact result $\hslash \omega_{D}/\Delta_{0}=\sinh \eta$, one obtain easily
$$\eta \approx \int_{0}^{\delta^{-1}\sinh\eta}\tanh\left(0.882 \frac{\delta}{\tau}\sqrt{1+z^{2}}\right)\frac{dz}{\sqrt{1+z^{2}}}$$
with $\delta=\Delta(T)/\Delta_{0}$ and $\tau = T / T_{c}$. NB: I putted the numerical factor $0.882$ instead of $1


text: The SDES project has been implemented and sponsored by US-AID since April, 1 1994. The goal of the project is to reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in East Java Province from 2.2 (1994) to 2.0 by year 5 of SDES project ending in 1999. The general objective is to develop community awareness and promote the acceptance of family planning, and to ensure that families have access to the most appropriate methods for their needs. To achieve the above objectives, several programs and activities have been implemented since April 1994. Within the periode of six years, some progress of the programs have been achieved. The problem is how far the impact or changing of program achievements after the implementation of the SDES project. Based on this problem, an analysis of program achievements is needed. The analysis is focused on the comparation of program achievements either in SDES areas and Non-SDES areas or before and after the project implementation. In general, the main objective of this analysis is to know how far, actually, the impact· or changing of program achievements after six year implementation of SDES project. The analysis was focussing on the comparation of program achievements either in SDES and Non-SDES areas or before and after the project implementation.Specifically, the objectives of the comparative analysis is concentrated on the several indicators or aspects. The types of analysis used is a combination time series analysis with an intervention and non-intervention areas. In time series analysis, Statistical test has been applied to determine effective percentage changes of program achievements. In this analysis, data which have been used was secondary data of FY 1992/93-1999/00. Those data was collected on bases of time and areas or regencies (SDES and non SDES areas). The SDES project has been implemented for six years and several innovative intervention or activities have been carried out. Within the six year periode, some progress of programe In terms of the impacts or changing have been achieved and the analysis of this isssues was also conducted and statistical analysis was also applied.


text:
General Relationships between Abiotic Soil Properties and Soil Biota across Spatial Scales and Different Land-Use Types.
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: PloS one
Very few principles have been unraveled that explain the relationship between soil properties and soil biota across large spatial scales and different land-use types. Here, we seek these general relationships using data from 52 differently managed grassland and forest soils in three study regions spanning a latitudinal gradient in Germany. We hypothesize that, after extraction of variation that is explained by location and land-use type, soil properties still explain significant proportions of variation in the abundance and diversity of soil biota. If the relationships between predictors and soil organisms were analyzed individually for each predictor group, soil properties explained the highest amount of variation in soil biota abundance and diversity, followed by land-use type and sampling location. After extraction of variation that originated from location or land-use, abiotic soil properties explained significant amounts of variation in fungal, mesoand macrofauna, but not in yeast or bacterial biomass or diversity. Nitrate or nitrogen concentration and fungal biomass were positively related, but nitrate concentration was negatively related to the abundances of Collembola and mites and to the myriapod species richness across a range of forest and grassland soils. The species richness of earthworms was positively correlated with clay content of soils independent of sample location and land-use type. Our study indicates that after accounting for heterogeneity resulting from large scale differences among sampling locations and land-use types, soil properties still explain significant proportions of variation in fungal and soil fauna abundance or diversity. However, soil biota was also related to processes that act at larger spatial scales and bacteria or soil yeasts only showed weak relationships to soil properties. We therefore argue that more general relationships between soil properties and soil biota can only be derived from future studies that consider larger spatial scales and different land-use types.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Biology and Life Sciences
- ISSN: _PHONE_


text: Shell is black or purple above and white below, coiled, with a definite raised spire (but the shell is only about as tall as wide), no siphonal notch or canal in aperture, interior of the shell is pearly. Animal has an operculum which is thin and horny with spiral lines. Columella has two small nodes. The umbilicus is closed by a callus (picture). Shell up to 3 cm diameter. The apex is frequently heavily worn, and shell may be encrusted with coralline algae or bryozoans. Animal's foot is black on the sides. The black on the shell is due to a dark periostracum.


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Trees are the largest plants in Terraria, appearing only at the surface and often in clusters with similar height. Trees can be chopped down with an axe or explosives. Destroying or chopping a tree will yield many units of wood, an essential crafting material, and give a chance of dropping one or more acorns that can be planted to grow more trees. Larger trees will yield more of these two materials when removed.
It is possible to cut off parts of the tree, but cutting at the lowermost center tile will destroy the entire tree. If parts of the tree are left, they will not regrow. A faster but more dangerous alternative to cutting down trees is placing a bucket of lava at the very base and picking it back up immediately. Another way is placing around some Bombs between two or three trees.
Tiles beneath trees cannot be destroyed while the tree stands.
The amount of wood and acorns obtained from a tree depends on its size. One unit of wood will drop for each block of tree (including branches). One acorn will drop for each leaf patch, excluding the top patch of leaves.
 Trees as obstacles
Trees are background objects that do not affect player or monster movement.
Trees cannot be climbed or scaled with items such as a grappling hook, nor can blocks of dirt or other walk-on surfaces be placed to overlap their limbs or foliage. It can sometimes be necessary to chop down a tree that is next to a cavern entrance or cliff in the early game in order to replace it with a ladder of blocks that will allow scaling of the steep surface; this becomes unnecessary when the player obtains a grappling hook or other item that allows improved jumping or flying.
Trees must be removed when building houses that overlap the space they cover or when digging up from underground to exit to the surface.
 Growing conditions
Planting an acorn in grass will create a Sapling that will eventually grow into a tree of a random size and shape. Saplings can only grow under the following conditions:
- A planted acorn can only be planted on a dirt block covered with grass or hallow grass, or on snow.
- The acorn requires two spaces of open ground to either side. A raised tile will block growth, but a lower tile will not, if it is the second tile away.
- There must be at least two open tiles between saplings or only one will grow into a tree.
- The acorn requires at least 16 tiles of vertical clearance to grow into a tree.
- The tree must be at least two squares away from block walls on either side, to allow room for the branches and tree top to grow.
- An acorn will not grow indoors - all background walls or overhanging ledges must be removed, and if you have a ceiling it must be at least 32 feet above the block where the acorn was planted as measured by a depth meter (e.g, if you are planting an acorn at 321 feet above, there may only be blocks at 353 feet or higher directly above it in order for it to grow into a tree).
- Acorns will not grow in the presence of torches, wood platforms or sunflowers within its 2-block radius.
- Saplings must be off-screen in order to become trees. They will not grow when currently in view, unlike most other plants which can spawn while you watch.
Saplings can be destroyed with a Pickaxe.
 Corrupt trees
Corrupt trees are purple trees only found where there is Corruption. They behave like normal trees, dropping regular wood but no acorns. Normal trees become corrupted if corruption reaches them. It is possible to convert them into normal trees again by using Purification Powder on them.
Corrupt trees can't be planted, however it is possible to clean a little spot of Corruption, plant and grow a normal tree, then let Corruption spread again. This should be done with care, since saplings are destroyed if they are reached by Corruption.
 Jungle trees
Jungle trees are darker green, wider trees only found in the jungle. They spawn randomly on jungle grass wide enough for a tree to grow on, and may also spawn under water. Jungle trees drop wood like normal trees do, but like corrupt trees will not drop any acorns. Jungle trees also grow higher than normal trees: up to 21 blocks.
In hardmode, Corruption spreads through mud, replacing it with dirt, and jungle trees turn into corrupt trees. Sadly, because cleaning Corruption will turn a corrupt tree into a normal tree, jungle trees are lost forever when they become corrupt.
 Hallow trees
Trees found in the Hallow have a taller and triangle-shaped foliage, and exist in many different colors: blue, red, light green, cyan, magenta, yellow and purple. Normal trees turn into hallow trees when the Hallow reaches them. Unlike jungle trees, hallow trees can be planted, and drop acorns when chopped down.
 Snowy trees
Lava will instantly destroy trees.
- 1.1.1: Snowy trees introduced.
- Trees grow 1 block higher and jungle trees grow another 5 blocks higher.
- Hallow trees introduced.
- Tall grass and flowers no longer obstruct tree growth, making trimming the grass unnecessary.
- Acorn saplings require 2 tiles between saplings to grow instead of 3.
- 1.0.5: Corrupt and Jungle trees no longer drop acorns.
- 1.0.4: Jungle trees added.
- 1.0.3: Trees become corrupt when corruption reaches them instead of being destroyed. And the new corrupt trees become un-corrupted upon purification.
- Pre-Release: Introduced.


text:
Jeffries Aerospace Medicine and Life Sciences Research Award
Recognizing the importance to aeronautics of scientific endeavors in the field of medicine, the Jeffries Aerospace Medicine and Life Sciences Research Award was established in 1940 to honor the memory of the American physician, John Jeffries, whose scientific investigations were published in a "Narrative of Two Aerial Voyages" in 1796. This annual award is generally at the International Conference on Environmental Systems.
Nomination Deadline: 1 October
- Full Name: Mr. Victor S Schneider
- AIAA Citation: For leadership in developing cooperative bone densitometry research in conjunction with the medical evaluation of cosmonauts from long-duration flights on the Russian space station MIR


text:
Easter in Russia is one of the most important Russian holidays. The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Easter according to the Orthodox calendar, and it can occur in April or May. Like many countries in Eastern Europe, Russians celebrate Easter with decorated eggs and special foods and customs.
The Russian Easter egg tradition dates back to pre-Christian times when people saw eggs as fertility symbols and as devices of protection. When Orthodoxy was adopted, eggs took on Christian symbolism. One example of this is how red eggs symbolize the blood of Christ. (Read more about red in Russian culture
Russians celebrate Easter with an Easter breakfast or Easter meal. Russian Easter foods include kulich (Russian Easter bread), paskha (a dish made from cheese and other ingredients, usually formed into the shape of a pyramid), eggs, and other foods. Sometimes the food is blessed by the church before being eaten. Other traditions accompany the consumption of Russian Easter foods. Eggs may be cracked with nails as a reminder of Christ. Additionally, one egg may be cut into pieces - one piece for each family member at the Easter table.
The Russian Easter service may be attended even by those families that do not regularly attend church. Russian Easter service is held Saturday evening. Midnight serves as the high point of the service, at which point bells are rung and the priest says, "Christ is risen!" The congregation replies with, "He is truly risen!"


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Iodine-stabilised HeNe lasers are used in many national standards laboratories and measurement institutes for the practical implementation of the SI unit of length, the metre. Such systems offer an accurate and effective means of delivering traceability for length and dimensional measurement within the precision engineering and manufacturing industries. NPL has long-standing research and development experience of iodine-stabilised lasers, going back over 30 years, and operates a number of systems in house as the UK national standard of length.
One of the recommended radiations is the 633 nm light from an iodine-stabilised HeNe laser, to which is currently assigned an overall uncertainty of 10 kHz (≈2 parts in 1011). The NPL system shown above can approach a reproducibility of 1 part in 1011.
The 633 nm system comprises a cavity within which is a plasma tube and iodine cell. The plasma tube provides gain over a frequency region of around 1 GHz and the iodine cell introduces a loss since there is a Doppler-limited absorption coincident with the neon transition. However, when the laser is tuned to the centre of an iodine hyperfine transition, there is a small reduction in absorption, and this causes a slight increase in the output power of the laser. This can be detected by modulating the laser at a frequency f and synchronously detecting the output power change at a frequency 3f. An example of iodine components at 633 nm detected in this way is shown below. These signals can be used for frequency control of the laser.
NPL also has a green iodine-stabilised HeNe laser at 543 nm, although this system has the iodine cell outside the cavity. A photograph of a green (543 nm) iodine stabilised laser is shown below.
HeNe wavelengths other than 633 nm and 543 nm can be calibrated using the NPL femtosecond comb facilities.
Please note that the information will not be divulged to third parties, or used without your permission


text:
What is Fracking?
Fracking is another method used to extract oil and gas, using the process of injecting high pressure into subterranean rocks and boreholes so as to force open existing fissures and extract the oil or gas.
Why is process measurement important?
Fracking can be a precarious business, so it's important to ensure that the measurement of flow and level of oil and gas in the system is monitored closely. Further to this, sand in oil detection devices helps to monitor the level of problematic sand in the pumped oil. Using non-contacting solutions allows operators to safely monitor the flow of the matter without having to interrupt the process.
How can Pulsar Measurement help?
Pulsar Measurement provides a wide range of various flow and level solutions to this market, from flow monitoring to level monitoring, pump control, and sand in oil detection. There is plenty of choice within our portfolio for a measurement solution perfectly suited to your application.
You can select from a range of suggested Pulsar Measurement products below:
If you require help or any assistance please get in touch today.


text:
Shadow Chaser Job Change Guide
From iRO Wiki
|Shadow Chaser Job Change Guide|
|Job Level:||50 (70 strongly recommended, will never recover lost skill points otherwise)|
|Job Class:||Rogue or Stalker|
|Item(s) (Consumed):|| 1 |
|Quest Prerequisite(s):||Turtle Island Entrance Quest|
|Quest Reward(s):||Job Change to Shadow Chaser|
- Speak to the Girl
- She tells you about Shadow Chasers and ask you to go to the Rogue guild.
- Inside the Rogue Guild
- He will describe an encryption method to you and tell you PAYON is encoded as 35 11 54 34 33
, proceed to the lower floor and speak to the Scary Man in the southeast room.
- He will give you some code: 43 23 11 14 34 52 / 52 34 42 30 43 23 34 35 / 24 33 / 35 42 34 33 44 15 42 11
- This translates to Shadow Workshop in Prontera, so head to Prontera.
- Note for non-iRO players : The given code can be different across servers; read the table on step 2 to solve the code. A common deviation is'shadow atelier in prontera'.
- Enter the building in South-East part of Prontera and speak to the Manager, Graham
- Show him the deciphered code, and enter the text from the previous step.
- When he asks, tell him you'll try and break in and steal the treasure.
- He will explain another cipher, you are given a keyword (which is a number) and a set of numbers
- Subtract the keyword from all numbers in the code, then use the prior lookup, then do a 1 to 1 correspondence with the alphabet.
- For example: [7 17 26 10 / 11 14 23 10 / 20 19 / 25 26 23 25 17 10 / 14 24 17 6 19 9 / 25 13 14 23 9 / 11 17 20 20 23] [Error: 5]
- Subtract 5 from every number, then translate, the message you get is Blue Fire on Turtle Island third floor.
- Proceed to Turtle Island 3. You may need to do the Turtle Island Entrance Quest.
- Speak to the Blue Flame
- When you try and touch the flame, it will mock you.
, and enter the deciphered code.
- It will tell you to hunt a Shadow of Deception (Wind Ghost with high HP) somewhere on the map.
- Tip: You can use Tunnel Drive or Stealth when searching all of 3 Shadows.
- The skill not only help you to avoid monsters, but also help you to lure the Shadows.
- The shadows are Demon race so they still chase you on Hide/Stealth but you can lure them without other monster attacking you.
- Be careful that Niflheim has more Demon monsters there.
- If more than 1 Rogue/Stalker doing this quest or you have friend to help, it's recommended to create a party to make this Shadow hunting easier and share the kill count on screen.
- Return to the Blue Flame and try to pick up the marbles again. You will be warped to a small room.
- Click on the shell and chose either option. It will you "DECEIVE", a key, and the result of DECEIVE + the key. It will then prompt you for a result from "HONESTY".
- After entering the correct code, you will receive a Key of Deception.
- Return to the Manager, Graham in Prontera and show him the key, he will tell you to head to Rachel and look for the gallery there.
- Go to Rachel and talk to the Manager (168, 65).
- Tell him you were sent by Graham.
- He will give you another set of codes.
- [ R-E-N-N-N-D / L-N-N-W-W-N-D ] and a hint, these are directions to Ice Dungeon from Rachel and Lighthalzen (respectively).
- Proceed to Ice Dungeon level 2, Northeast area, walk to the end of the offshoot and speak to the Red Flame
- It will tell you to hunt a Shadow of Illusion (Skogul with high HP) somewhere on the map.
- Return to the Red Flame, and you will be warped to a small room.
- Talk to the box, after some discussion, it will hint you should use the cipher from step 2.
- Once you have the word translated, take the sum of all the digits.
- COLD = 13 34 31 14 = 1+3+3+4+3+1+1+4 = 20
- FOOT = 21 34 34 44 = 2+1+3+4+3+4+4+4 = 25
- SEED = 43 15 15 14 = 4+3+1+5+1+5+1+4 = 24
- Once you receive the Key of Illusion, you will be sent back to Ice Dungeon 2.
- Return to the Manager in Rachel and show him the key, he will ask you to find Manager, Haled in Juno.
- Talk to Manager, Haled
in Juno, if he isn't being cooperative, tell him I know what you did last summer!.
- Speak to him again, and he will give you a poem that hints towards Nifflheim.
- At the center of the north edge of Nifflheim, speak to the Red Flame
- It will as you to hunt a Shadow of Pleasure (Succubus with high HP) somewhere on the map.
- Return to the Red Flame and you will be warped to a small room.
- You will be given a series of numbers: 20 21 18 14 / 1 14 4 / 19 8 1 11 5
- Convert them directly to letters and enter TURN AND SHAKE, when prompted "turn the house" and "roll it to upside down".
- Once you receive the Key of Pleasure, return to Manager, Haled in Juno.
- Go to Juno again and speak to Manager, Haled. He will send you to Manager, Vicente in Lighthalzen.
- Enter the building in the very southwest corner of
- After you show Manager, Vicente the keys, he will tell you to go to the first floor of Thanatos Tower.
, and speak to the Manager, Vincente behind the desk.
- To get to Thanatos Tower, from Juno travel south one map, east one map, then north two maps. Tell the npc to the northwest to send you to thanatos tower. If you have problem dealing with monsters especially Novus, Hide/Stealth is your friend.
- On the north half of Thanatos Tower, walk to the center of the two spiraling staircases, and into the portal.
- Talk to the statue in the small room and place the keys to receive A Master's Brush.
- Return to Manager, Vicente in Lighthalzen, select any option, he will ask you to go upstairs and speak with someone else.
- Up the stairs, speak with Dumk (70, 66) and ask to change to a Shadow Chaser.
- You will be rewarded with a,, and.
|Rogue • Stalker • Shadow Chaser|
| 2nd Class
| Back Stab • Close Confine • Divest Armor • Divest Helm • Divest Shield • Divest Weapon • Double Strafe • Gank • Haggle • Intimidate • Mug • |
| Counter Instinct • Full Divestment • Preserve • |
| 3rd Class
|Bloody Lust • Body Painting • Chaos Panic • Deadly Infection • Dimensional Door • Divest Accessory • Emergency Escape • Fatal Manace • Feint Bomb • Full Throttle • Invisibility • Maelstrom • Manhole • Masquerade-Enervation • Masquerade-Groomy • Masquerade-Ignorance • Masquerade-Laziness • Masquerade-Unlucky • Masquerade-Weakness • Reproduce • Shadow Formation • Shadow Spell • Triangle Shot|
|Quests||Rogue Job Change Guide • Rogue Skill Quest • Rebirth Walkthrough • Shadow Chaser Job Change Guide|
|Weapons||Dagger • Bow (Arrows) • One Handed Sword|


Fruit tree map
20 02 2010
How to plot fruit trees in your area:
Having a street directory is useful to accurately plot down the trees in your area but all you really need is a pen and paper. Google maps will allow you to zoom in until you see the shape of private blocks with the street numbers as well as small alleyways that aren't always shown on other maps. So all you need to do is write down the address of the fruit tree i.e. Outside of house 72 Blyth St and then you can simply find the house and tree on Google maps later.
Using google maps you can easily plot down the fruit trees in your area.
Creating a feral fruit tree map is easy. Here are the basic steps:
 1. View Feral fruit trees Melbourne in a larger map.
 2. Sign in to your google account if you haven't already.
 3. Click Edit in the top left hand corner
 4. Zoom into the area you want to plot.
 5. Use the icons in the top left corner of the map. These include:
 Select button Selection tool. Use this to drag the map and select placemarks..
 Placemark button Placemark tool. Use this to plot fruit trees.
This will edit the overall map of fruit trees in Melbourne and plot the new trees you have added for everyone to view.
*Remember to add the name of the tree ie. (pomegranate, apple etc) plus any descriptive features which may aid in finding the tree, for example 'in front of house number 36, hanging over fence, in front of church etc'
*Feral Fruit Trees map has been unavailable due to changes in Google's system. We've added another fruit tree map here for your use in the same way.
19 02 2010
Feral fruit trees are fruit trees growing in or overhanging public spaces that are accessible to the urban hunter-gatherer. This website seeks to promote localized food gathering in cities where food is being obtained from increasingly distant sources. The current system of food delivery into urban centres poses unnecessary strain upon both the economy and the environment due to transportation costs. Feral fruit tree harvesting transforms our current food distribution system into a more sustainable alternative and promotes a consciousness of the ecology within our urban environments. Urban hunter-gatherers can also enjoy the benefit of fresh fruit that is often organic and not to mention free.
Fruit lying outside the boundary of private property for instance on a branch hanging over a fence is considered to be public property and therefore anyone can legally take the fruit. Please don't take any fruit that is over someone's fence even if it is in close reach as this is technically stealing. It always pays to just ask the owner, usually they won't mind no one is really going to eat a whole tree of figs or loquats. Some people may be sensitive about having the fruit from their tree taken even if it is hanging into public space; therefore even though you are within your rights to take the fruit, common courtesy should be employed. eg. Please don't make some old Greek guy angry by taking fruit when he doesn't want you to.
Furthermore a few easy guidelines should be followed in order to ensure the sustainability and fair distribution of this precious public resource.
 1. Do not be greedy. Take only as much fruit as you need as there may be other fruit pickers in the area who wish to eat the fruit as well.
 2. Try not to damage the tree or the area around the tree. It would be wise to use a proper cutting tool to ensure clean cuts that do less damage to the tree. Try not to rip any leaves, branches or trample any plants below. I was told one story about a Mulberry tree that everyone used to plunder, the owner got so sick of people trampling his other plants from eating the berries that he unfortunately ended up cutting down the tree.
With this in mind I bid you good luck on your fruit foraging adventures around the city.
Find feral fruit trees in your suburb Picking Fruit by M Lyn.


Friday, September 21, 2012
UV Exposure Meter in a Wiper Blade. Not a Great Idea
A few years ago, the replacement wiper blades that I bought for a car had a feature that I had never seen before: small UV-sensitive pieces that were suppose to change color to indicate that the wiper blades needed to be replaced. They didn't work very well as the blades needed replacing long before the color change occurred, but I kept the blades around (outside) to see what would happen. The dot that was originally black [1] has in the course of a few weeks become yellow [2].
Making an appropriate UV-sensitive indicator would be extremely challenging. The amount 0f UV light that the wiper blades receive is all over the map - literally. It is well known and documented that UV exposure varies with latitude, but also with longitude. For instance, Georgia and Arizona share many of the same degrees of latitude, but the weather in Georgia is much cloudier and rainier than in Arizona. Other factors that influence UV exposure would be how long the car was parked inside or outside during the day and the direction the car faced when parked outdoors.
Parking the car in the shade of say a tree for example, is not as effective at reducing UV exposure as you might think. Rayleigh scattering intensity goes with the inverse 4th power of the wavelength, so UV light is the most highly scattered light from the sun. If the wiper blades can see blue sky at all, they are getting some UV exposure.
But all these factors could be swept aside and ignored if you make the assumption that UV exposure leads to degradation of the rubber and that the degradation of the rubber is the reason that wiper blades need to be replaced.
That unfortunately is false. Wiper blades are made with 2 well-defined 90 angles. I learned from past clients that this sharp angle is essential for wiper performance, but friction and erosion from dirt lead to this angle becoming rounded off over time. This is why wipers need to be replaced. This means that you cannot correlate UV exposure to wiper wear. As an extreme example consider a very rainy climate where the amount of UV exposure will be lower, but the demand and wear on the wiper blades will be very high.
[1] It could also have been clear too and just looked black because of the black background.
[2] I will have the lab here look into the chemistry of this color change and post what I find. My initial guess: it was a polyacetylene or polydiacetylene polymerization. As the polymerization proceeds, the conjugated backbone develops which then absorbs UV light. The color would first be blue but that wouldn't be visible on the black background....
Bend said...
Why would someone need a spot on the blade to tell you that it needs replacing? When it stops working, shouldn't that be the first clue?
John said...
Personally, I thought that they would have changed in 6 months or so - in order to try and get you to replace the blades prematurely. (All in interest of protecting the consumer, of course!)
wheel alignment said...
Replacing and even upgrading wiper blades takes minutes and can provide improved visibility even in the worst of weather conditions. This is a task best performed on a balmy day with a cold drink in wait, instead of during a freezing rainstorm at the superhypermart parking lot.
Ricardo Spencer said...
Interesting post, I am going to spend more time learning about this subject. ok
Wiper Blade Replacement


Indiana farmers will be able to grow, process hemp
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has approved a plan that allows Indiana farmers to commercially grow and process hemp.
Before, farmers needed a research proposal and had to be affiliated with a university researcher to apply for a license, but will no longer need to do that.
Farmers will still need to fill out an application with the state in order to grow hemp starting next year. People sometimes confuse hemp with marijuana.
They are both cannabis, and hemp does produce some THC, but not enough that will create those intoxicating effects if you consume it.
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Saturday, May 17, 2008
Trivia question: What central bank speech is this from?
Which central bank staffperson said:
1 comment:
 1. This evening I would like to talk about central bank communication. There are plenty of people who probably think that 'central bank' and 'communication' are not expressions that are normally thought of as belonging together. Yet communication has become steadily more open, and more important, in the central banking world over the years. At one time, overnight interest rates used to be adjusted without announcement or explanation snugging was a popular term of the late. The market would generally take a few days, and the general public considerably longer, to work out what was happening when monetary policy was changing. They usually had to wait longer again for an explanation of why it was changing.
 Trivia Game Challenge


text:
Infrared imaging is only one example
of using wavelengths other than visible light to gather
information about Earth. Most satellites today measure
energy at many wavelengths. This is called multispectral
imaging. Images taken at different wavelengths can be
combined to make composite images by displaying the
image for each wavelength as red, green, or blue in
the final image. These composite images result in color
patterns that can be used to identify surface features.
This simulation shows images of San
Francisco, California at three different wavelengths.
Bright areas show higher amounts of energy; darker areas
show lower amounts of energy. You can display each image
in red, green, or blue light, then generate a false-color
composite image for any color combination.
Look for these features in the image:
Water appears dark around land in the center of the
image. Blocky patterns represent buildings and streets.
Park areas on both sides of the Golden Gate Bridge (the
thin line across the water in upper left of image) are
covered with vegetation.
After the page has fully loaded,
click the R (red), G (green), and B (blue) buttons to
assign a different color to the images for each wavelength.
Click Show Composite to combine the information into
one color image.


lambdabotLambdabot is a development tool and advanced IRC bot
Safe HaskellNone
Nickname equality subsystem.
This component is responsible for deciding whether two nicknames refer to the same person, for the purposes of tell et al. Nickname equality must be monadic because it uses mutable state maintained by the link and unlink commands. Also provided is a concept of polynicks (by analogy to polytypes); polynicks can refer to an (open) set of nicknames. For instance 'tell *lambdabot Why does X do Y' could tell a message to anyone who has identified as a lambdabot maintainer. A polynick consists of a bar-separated list of (nicks or open terms); an open term is like a nick but preceded with a star.
data Polynick Source
nickMatches :: LB (Nick -> Polynick -> Bool)Source
Determine if a nick matches a polynick. The state is read at the point of binding.
readPolynick :: Message a => a -> String -> PolynickSource
Parse a read polynick.
showPolynick :: Message a => a -> Polynick -> StringSource
Format a polynick.
lookupMononickMap :: LB (Polynick -> Map Nick a -> [(Nick, a)])Source
Lookup (using a polynick) in a map keyed on mononicks.
mononickToPolynick :: Nick -> PolynickSource
Convert a regular mononick into a polynick.


text:
foreachconstruct was implemented in Java. This is a really nice construct that allows one to change code like this:
into code like this:
int sum = 0; Enumeration it = some_list.getEnumerator(); while(it.hasMoreElements()) sum += it.nextElement();
int sum = 0; for(Integer i : some_list) sum += i;
This is quite nice, unfortunately, it is an addon so many Java libraries has no support for this. Even some of the more prominent libraries such as
java.util.Hashtablehave no support for the enumeration feature, even if they are obvious candidates. Nice try, but does not really give any punch as it is mostly not usable.
This is some of the same problems that occurs when using generics, which is not supported by the Java bytecode, so all the generic types are removed during compilation (called type erasure). The benefit of this is that code can use generics internally but still expose a non-generic interface externally. If this was the programmers intention, it could be done anyway, but now the choice is not there. The reason for this is obviously compatibility, but the implications are that the libraries are forced to expose a legacy interface. The really nice way to do this would be to set a compile switch that toggles either generic output, or type erasure. Again, nice try but does not really give anything.
The other problem is in the design philosophy where Java opts for having a single
get()method which then takes an enumeration value as input. The notable example is the
Calendar.getfunction which takes a number of integer values as input and returns different things. This approach means that the programmer has to look up what values are allowed, or guess the naming convention used for this particular method. It also means that the
getmethod must validate all input to ensure that the user supplied a valid value.
A much better approach would be to simply make different functions, as that is what it really is. Example:
Calendar today = Calendar().getInstance(); //Actual int day = today.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); int month = today.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1; //Better? int day = today.getDayOfWeek(); int month = today.getMonth() + 1;
That way the documentation is less required, there are no run-time errors as the programmer cannot supply an invalid value, a win-win. Well, one can dream :)


C Message Signing (mavgen)
One of the key features of MAVLink 2 is support for Message Signing (authentication).
The C libraries generated by mavgen provide almost everything needed to support signing in your MAVLink system. You will need to add some code to:
 - Handle the SETUP_SIGNING message.
 - Setup and teardown signing on a link.
 - Save and load the secret key and timestamp in persistent storage
 - Implement a callback to define which (if any) unsigned messages will be accepted.
Secret Key Management (SETUP_SIGNING)
A secret key is 32 bytes of binary data that are used to create message signatures that can be verified by other holders of the key. The general requirements for creating, storing, logging and sharing keys are covered in: Message Signing > Secret Key Management.
The section Enabling Signing on a Channel below shows how to set the secret key used by each channel.
Handling Timestamps
The timestamp is a 48 bit number with units of 10 microseconds since 1st January 2015 GMT. The general requirements for managing timestamps are covered in Message Signing > Timestamp Handling.
The library automatically handles some of the rules:
 - timestamps are incremented by one on every message send from a link.
 - timestamps are updated to match that of the last accepted incoming message (if it is greater than the current local timestamp).
 - messages are rejected if the timestamp of a message on a channel is before the last message received on that channel.
It is the responsibility of each MAVLink system to store and restore the timestamp into persistent storage (this is critical for the security of the signing system). The section Enabling Signing on a Channel below shows how to set the timestamp.
Enabling Signing on a Channel
To enable signing on a channel you need to fill in two pointers in the status structure for the channel. The two pointers are:
mavlink_signing_t *signing;
mavlink_signing_streams_t *signing_streams;
The signing pointer controls signing for this stream. It is per-stream, and contains the secret key, the timestamp and a set of flags, plus an optional callback function for accepting unsigned packets. Typical setup would be:
mavlink_signing_t signing;
memset(&signing, 0, sizeof(signing));
memcpy(signing.secret_key, key.secret_key, 32);
signing.link_id = (uint8_t)chan;
signing.timestamp = key.timestamp;
signing.accept_unsigned_callback = accept_unsigned_callback;
mavlink_status_t *status = mavlink_get_channel_status(chan);
status.signing = &signing;
The signing_streams pointer is a structure used to record the previous timestamp for a (linkId,srcSystem,SrcComponent) tuple. This must point to a structure that is common to all channels in order to prevent inter-channel replay attacks. Typical setup is:
mavlink_status_t *status = mavlink_get_channel_status(chan);
status.signing_streams = &signing_streams;
The maximum number of signing streams supported is given by the MAVLINK_MAX_SIGNING_STREAMS macro. This defaults to 16, but it may be worth raising this for GCS implementations. If the C implementation runs out of signing streams then new streams will be rejected.
Using accept_unsigned_callback
Message Signing > Accepting Unsigned Packets and Accepting Incorrectly Signed Packets specify that a message signing implementation should provide mechanisms such that library users can choose to conditionally accept unsigned or incorrectly signed packets.
The C implementation provides the accept_unsigned_callback() function pointer for this purpose, which may optionally be set in the signing structure. The C prototype for this function is:
bool accept_unsigned_callback(const mavlink_status_t *status, uint32_t msgId);
If set then this function will be called on any unsigned packet (including all MAVLink 1 packets) or any packet where the signature is incorrect. The function offers a way for the implementation to allow unsigned packets to be accepted (and incorrectly signed packets, which might be accepted under some circumstances).
The rules for what unsigned packets should be accepted is implementation specific, but it is suggested the following rules be considered:
 - have a mechanism for marking a particular communication channel as being secure (such as a USB connection) to allow for signing setup.
 - always accept RADIO_STATUS packets for feedback from 3DR radios (which don't do signing)
For example:
static const uint32_t unsigned_messages[] = {
static bool accept_unsigned_callback(const mavlink_status_t *status, uint32_t message_id)
 // Make the assumption that channel 0 is USB and should always be accessible
 if (status == mavlink_get_channel_status(MAVLINK_COMM_0)) {
 return true;
 for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(unsigned_messages) / sizeof(unsigned_messages[0]); i++) {
 if (unsigned_messages[i] == message_id) {
 return true;
 return false;
The purpose of the link_id field in the MAVLink 2 signing structure is to prevent cross-channel replay attacks. Without the link_id an attacker could record a packet (such as a disarm request) on one channel, then play it back on a different channel.
The intention with the link IDs is that each channel of communication between an autopilot and a GCS uses a different link ID. There is no requirement that the same link ID be used in both directions however.
For C implementations the obvious mechanism is to use the MAVLink channel number as the link ID. That works well for an autopilot, but runs into an issue for a GCS implementation. The issue is that a user may launch multiple GCS instances talking to the same autopilot via different communication links (such as two radios, or USB and a radio). These multiple GCS instances will not be aware of each other, and so may choose the same link ID. If that happens then a large number of correctly signed packets will be rejected by the autopilot as they will have timestamps that are older than the timestamp received for the same stream tuple on the other communication link.
The solution adopted for MAVProxy is shown below:
if (msg.get_signed() and
 self.mav.signing.link_id == 0 and
 msg.get_link_id()!= 0 and
 self.target_system == msg.get_srcSystem() and
 self.target_component == msg.get_srcComponent()):
 # change to link_id from incoming packet
 self.mav.signing.link_id = msg.get_link_id()
What that says is that if the current link ID in use by MAVProxy is zero, and it receives a correctly signed packet with a non-zero link ID then it switches link ID to the one from the incoming packet.
This has the effect of making the GCS slave its link ID to the link ID of the autopilot.
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text:
We are proud to have:
- Facilitated the development of 800+ Peer Support workers. Peer Support Workers are people with lived experience recruited, trained, placed, and supported, employed in local mental health services
- Helped establish 40+ Recovery Colleges in England, Ireland, Italy, Australia and Hong Kong. Recovery colleges are places where people with lived experience, professionals, carers and others can learn together to construct new meaning from their experiences
- Introduced new ways of thinking about the assessment and management of risk. Moving from the perspective of 'risk' to one of 'safety'.
- Reduced the use of physical restraint and forcible medication on acute wards ('No Force First') improving quality of care and decreasing staff stress.
- Supported hundreds of clinical teams to critically assess current practice and develop a more recovery focused culture using TRIPs.
- Inspired organisations to think carefully about workforce issues – how to recruit, who to recruit, how to support staff and how to enable all staff to use lived and life experience in their work.
- Developing new understandings and practices in coproduction – facilitating constructive conversations across traditional boundaries.
- Began collating baseline data on recovery practice across England. On 1 December each year we ask for colleagues and clients across the country to complete a short on-line census to collectively develop a national picture of recovery in England.


text:
Map of Comoros Islands
You can easily create a map of Comoros islands using Mapline. The islands of Comoros are volcanic islands located off the south-east coast of Africa. Their neighboring countries are Mozambique and Madagascar. These islands cover a total area of 2,361 km².
Using Mapline, you can easily create a map of Comoros islands. The islands consist of Grande Comore, which is the largest and the main island; Anjouan and Mohéli, which are part of the Union of the Comoros;
Grande-Terre, which is part of Mayotte French overseas department; Petite-Terre, which is the 2nd largest island in Mayotte; and The Glorioso Islands, which comprises the Grande Glorieuse, Île du Lys and 8 other small rock islets.
Steps to Create a Map of Comoros Islands
- Create a Mapline account and login.
- Click the orange "New" button.
- Select "New Map" on the drop down arrow.
- Give your map a name and click "OK."
- Click the "Add" button from the left sidebar.
- Select the "Boundaries" option.
- From the "Boundary Type," select "Comoros Islands."
- Select how you want your boundaries to be colored in "Fill Color" (Random Colors, Uniform Colors, Heatmap on pins inside boundaries, or Paste colors from a spreadsheet).
- Click "OK."
That's how easy it is to create a map of Comoros islands! Once you have your map, you can create a map of Excel spreadsheet locations to overlay on top. Mapline also makes it simple to see summary information about the locations inside each department just by clicking on them! Sign up now to create a map of Comoros islands.


import old database in new schema with mysql and rails
posted by Matthias Frick in Ruby on Rails / 4 Comments
In this tutorial I will show you how you could import an old database into a new schema with mysql and rails. I will explain the process with an example scenario.
Imagine you have an old php project with an old database schema and you want to completely refactor this project. Firstly you want to use rails instead of php and create a new rails project with the standard rails conventions. Secondly you want to restructure the old database into a new scheme without losing data and make it more "railsish". You just have a mysql dump of your old database.
Old database:
You have a mysql database with a few tables:
 - "Person" with: pid (bigint 20), uid (varchar 8), firstname (varchar 40), lastname (varchar (50), mail (varchar 40), isfemale (tinyint 4)
 - "Work" with: wid (bigint 20), headline (varchar 250), text_facts (text), text_long_facts(text), pub_date (date), hyperlink (varchar 200)
Now you want to change this scheme to the following one:
New database:
Your new database contains the following tables:
 - "users" with: id (int 11), first_name ( varchar 255), last_name (varchar 255), email (varchar 255), isfemale (tinyint 1)
 - "projects" with: id (int 11), title (varchar 255), teaser (text), description (text), published_at (date), link (varchar 255)
Now you have good the background information, let us move one step further:
Model creation
You have to create migrations for your new models. Just open a terminal and generate them with the normal rails generators:
rails g model User first_name:string last_name:string email:string isfemale:boolean
rails g model Project title:string teaser:text description:text published_at:date, link:string
Do not forget to migrate your database:
rake db:migrate
Now you have generated your models and you can add some validations. In this scneario I add the "presence: true" validation to every model attribute.
Importer Structure
You have a mysql dump and want to import this dump into the new schema. I will now explain how you can do that through a Raketask.
You need a Importer class and a normal Raketask. For a better structure I will split up the Importer class into different modules. The structure of the whole importer looks like as follows:
 - /lib/tasks/project_name.rake: this file contains the Raketasks
 - /lib/tasks/importer/importer.rb: Importer class which includes the different sub-importer modules and all necessary extension files.
 - /lib/tasks/importer/users_importer.rb: sub-importer module which contains the users importer stuff.
 - /lib/tasks/importer/projects_importer.rb: sub-importer module which contains the projects importer code.
Subsequently I want explain each of this classes and modules. Let's start with the Raketask file
namespace :project_name do
 require Rails.root + "lib/tasks/importer"
 desc "Import old database, usage: rake project_name:import['old_database_name']"
 task :import, :oldDatabase, needs::environment do |t, args|
 args.with_defaults(oldDatabase: "import")
 oldDatabaseName = args.oldDatabse
 newDatabaseName = YAML::load("config/database.yml")))[Rails.env]["database"]
 importer = newDatabaseName, oldDatabaseName
This is the.rake-File and contains just one normal Raketask. This Raketask requires the name of the old database. For example you create a new database called "old_database" with phpmyadmin or a tool like that. After that you have to import the mysql dump from your old database in the currently new created one. The next step is to call the Raketask in your terminal: "rake project_name:import['old_database']. This will trigger the import. At this moment the import will fail, because you do not have neither the Importer class nor the instance method "execute" called at the end of the Raketask. So let's move further to the Importer class.
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/users_importer"
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/projects_importer"
class Importer
 # include sub-modules
 include UsersImporter
 include ProjectsImporter
 # initializer for a new importer
 def initialize new, old
 # feedback for the programmer
 puts "Importing from #{old} to {new}"
 _USER_ = new
 _USER_ = old
 # execute the import
 def execute
 # if you do not like to import data, if the new database
 # already contains data, just a security hint..
 if User.count > 0
 raise "Import aborted! There already are users in the database."
 if Project.count > 0
 ..and so on..
 # call sub-importer modules
 # later in the import process you have to switch beween
 # the old and the new database.
 # use new database (= switch to new database)
 def use_new_database
 ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("use #{_USER_}")
 # use old database (= switch to old database)
 def use_old_database
 ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("use #{_USER_}")
The importer.rb contains the Importer class with a normal initializer and an execute method. This method just calls all sub-module importer methods to completely start the import. At this moment it will not work, because the sub-modules do not exist yet. But in the end everthing will work together very good :-). Furthermore the Importer class has two helper methods to switch between the old and the new database.
Do not forget to include the different sub-modules in the Importer class, otherwise it will not work and you will get include errors and undefined methods.
For convenience you can write following mysql extensions and put them in the importer.rb File under the Importer class, but not in the Importer class.
# custom mysql row to facilite access
class Row
 def initialize fields, values
 _USER_ = fields
 _USER_ = values
 def get field
# Add get_row method to Mysql2::Result class
class Mysql2::Result
 def get_row index self.fields, self.to_a[index].to_a
Now let's start with the first import script:
module UsersImporter
 # import users
 def import_users
 puts "Importing users..."
 users = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute('
 SELECT pid, uid, firstname, lastname, mail, isfemale FROM Person
 for i in 0...users.count do
 row = users.get_row i
 user = User.where(first_name: row.get("firstname"),
 last_name: row.get("lastname"),
 email: row.get("mail"),
 isfemale: row.get("isfemale"))
 unless user
 user = row.get("firstname"),
 last_name: row.get("lastname"),
 email: row.get("mail"),
 isfemale: row.get("isfemale"))
 rescue Exception => e
 puts "Failed to save #{row.get("firstname")} #{row.get("lastname"): #{e.message}"
This sub-module contains the users importer. You can see that you have to use pure Mysql for the queries in the old database. That's because you do not have a model and cannot use the ActiveRecord ORM.
module ProjectsImporter
 # import projects
 def import_projects
 puts "Importing projects..."
 projects = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute('
 SELECT wid, headline, text_facts, text_long_facts, pub_date, hyperlink FROM work
 for i in 0...projects.count do
 row = projects.get_row i
 project = Project.where(title: row.get("headline"),
 teaser: row.get("text_facts"),
 published_at: row.get("pub_date"))
 unless project
 project = row.get("headline"),
 teaser: row.get("text_facts"),
 description: row.get("text_long_facts"),
 published_at: row.get("pub_date"),
 link: row.get("hyperlink"))
 rescue Exception => e
 puts "Failed to save #{row.get("title")} #{row.get("published_at"): #{e.message}"
The projects importer works exactly like the users importer. There is one method which handles the import.
Now everything should work and you are done. I know that my example import scripts are not really heavy to program, but I just wanted to explain how you could structure such an importer. If you have a database with a lot of joins and a tricky schema your import script will be much much more complicated. But with this importer-structure you just have to add a new module which handels the import part, call the method from the module in the Importer class and you are done.
You always should keep a very close eye on the topic "Testing". You should test your importer script before starting an import on your production system, that is very important! Otherwise you can destroy your production database and that never is funny ;-)
Feel free to comment on this blogpost, I will be happy about that! If you are interested in a more difficult importer script do not hestitate to ask me.
Simple mysql search with rails and jquery.highlight


text:
audio example by a male speaker
audio example by a female speaker
The above transcription of purview is a detailed (narrow) transcription according to the rules of the International Phonetic Association. You can find a description of each symbol by clicking the phoneme buttons in the secction below.
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn how to precisely pronounce each sound of purview
press the "test" button to check how closely you can replicate the pitch of a native speaker in your pronunciation of purview
An example use of purview in a speech by a native speaker of american english:
"… on homelessness under my purview and i'm …"


text:
Hard shell purple bug at the coast of Puerto Rico
Thu, Feb 26, 2009 at 7:12 PM
I was staying at a hotel on the east coast of the island of Puerto Rico and went to the shore to look at the ocean at around midday. This thing was purple, had a hard shell, did not move at all, about 5 inches long and 3 inches wide. It was withing the rocks. This was in summer 2006.
East coast of Puerto Rico
The creature in your photograph is a Chiton. Chitons are primitive marine molluscs that have shells composed of 8 plates. The shells provide protection against waves which enable Chitons to survive on stormy rocky coasts. Chitons are sometimes called Sea Cradles.
Sat, Feb 28, 2009 at 5:58 AM
Hi Daniel, Ah, another mollusk! This is Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791), the West Indian fuzzy chiton. The shell plates of this chiton are actually brownish and are usually very eroded. The pink/purple color on this one is due to a layer of encrusting calcareous red algae. For more info see the Wikipedia article (which I put together.) Best wishes to you,
Susan J. Hewitt
Sun, Mar 1, 2009 at 4:43 AM
I wanted to add:
1. That these chitons do move around, but only at night, grazing on microscopic algae which grows on the rock surface. Each one returns to its same spot on the rock at the end of the night.
2. That the maximum size of this species is about 3 inches in length.
3. There is a really excellent book on the chitons of P.R. called "Los Quitones de Puerto Rico" by Cedar I. Garcia Rios.


text:
A correspondent writes to ask about the utterance 'She was very thick with the gardener', encountered in the Hercule Poirot episode, The Halloween Party. 'I looked it up in a dictionary and it seems it's an old-fashioned way of saying "she was very friendly with him". Then I saw another expression, thick as thieves (is it still used?).What I can't really understand is how/why the word thick (usu. 'not thin';'stupid') came to be used in the sense of 'friendly'.
The original sense, in Anglo-Saxon times, is of material extension, where it's regularly opposed to thin, as in a thick wall. Then it came to be applied to density and abundance (thick hedge, thick hair, thick mist...) and size (thickset) and extended to thickness in general (where it's not opposed to thin), as in 'the cover is an inch thick'.
It then generated several figurative senses meaning 'excessive in some disagreeable way', especially in the phrase a bit thick ('indecent' or 'indelicate'). It's the sense of 'density of contact' that led to the figurative sense of being 'close in association' - in other words, being 'intimate' or 'familiar'. It seems to have been a late 18th-century development. And quite a few similes have since emerged, such as as thick as glue, as thick as peas in a shell, and as thick as thieves, some of which have become proverbial.
The idioms are still used a lot, but the use of the single word to mean 'intimate' is certainly old-fashioned now, redolent of P G Wodehouse and Evelyn Waugh.


text:
Famous Birdcalls Poems by Famous Poets
These are examples of famous Birdcalls poems written by some of the greatest and most-well-known modern and classical poets. PoetrySoup is a great educational poetry resource of famous birdcalls poems. These examples illustrate what a famous birdcalls poem looks like and its form, scheme, or style (where appropriate).
by Larkin, Philip
...lengths and breadths
Of time. Snow fell, undated. Light
Each summer thronged the grass. A bright
Litter of birdcalls strewed the same
Bone-littered ground. And up the paths
The endless altered people came,
Washing at their identity.
Now, helpless in the hollow of
An unarmorial age, a trough
Of smoke in slow suspended skeins
Above their scrap of history,
Only an attitude remains:
Time has transfigures them into
Untruth. The stone fidelity
They hardly...Read More
Dont forget to view our wonderful member Birdcalls poems.


text: The research paper aims to determine the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior. Analytical and descriptive design has been adopted to determine the relationship between organizational justice and the various dimensions of deviant behaviours. The sample of the study consisted of 109 employees from the manufacturing firms. The results indicate that the attributes of organizational justice, that is, procedural, informational, and distributive justice significantly differ from the challenging constructive deviant behavior. One of the dimensions of constructive deviant behavior and interpersonal and informational justice significantly differ from the dimension of innovative and interpersonal constructive deviant behavior. The study also reveals that the experience of the employees with respect to their age, number of dependents, marital status, and designation had significant differences with both organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior, and it was also revealed that gender had significant differences with constructive deviant behavior.


text:
If an entity has a foreign key as part of its primary key and you try to query that entity in a subselect clause in DQL, an exception is thrown in ClassMetadataInfo->getQuotedColumnName. The problem seems to be that it's only considering the field mappings rather than both the field and association mappings when it's looking for the correct column name.
- Article(id primary key, title, content)
- ArticleTag(article_id, tag, primary key (article_id, tag))
Example DQL: select art from Article art where exists (select tag from ArticleTag tag where tag.article = art)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the shortest word in the Torah?
share|improve this question
closed as not a real question by Isaac Moses Jun 16 '11 at 22:09
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
הַאֲזִינוּ פרק לב פסוק ו
הַ לְיְהוָה, תִּגְמְלוּ-זֹאת
share|improve this answer
I don't understand how this answer could be accepted without any source justifying that this is actually a word. – Curiouser May 23 '11 at 16:36
_USER_ - Note the usernames. – WAF May 24 '11 at 23:10
There are a number of words of two letters, which could all count as the shortest.
But according to the Ibn Ezra, the heh which begins Devarim 32:6 is connected to the lamed and is not a word on its own. This is a famous mechlokets. See a nice video on the topic here.
share|improve this answer


text:
Photocurrent Noise in Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors
AIP Conference Proceedings
Low-frequency current noise and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics have been studied in InAs/GaAs self-assembled Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors in dark conditions and under illumination, at T = 77K and T = 5K. The noise behavior is consistent with a generation-recombination fluctuation process mainly related to thermally excited charge carriers at T = 77K. At T = 5K the current noise is consistent with a mechanism of fluctuations driven by the electric field, related to tunneling rather
... to tunneling rather than emission-capture of charge carriers from the Quantum Dots. A very effective noise suppression mechanism, related to the tunneling regime, determines a decrease of fluctuation intensity as a function of the voltage. At T = 5K, an interesting behavior is observed in the currentvoltage and noise power spectra for some of nominally identical QDIP structures in the presence of irradiation. Some devices indeed exhibit (i) a very high photoresponse and (ii) a 1/ f -shaped noise spectrum at low frequencies. The noise suppression mechanism still acts in the presence of radiation, thus reducing the noise intensity proportionally to the photocurrent intensity.


text:
To enable any individual or community to move from exclusion to participation.
Open Cinema has developed its theory of change in the light of discoveries from our national pilot evaluation (2009-10), including through a two-day workshop facilitated in 2016 by The Social Innovation Partnership. This has continued to evolve (see slide), but remains based on a four-step process, by which we achieve our mission:
Engagement: motivating excluded people to take part in community activities
Inspiration: sparking new or renewed interests or aspirations
Development: converting interests into life or media skills through OC activities
Progression: enabling onward pathways into education, employment, and improved life circumstances.
Open Cinema's Theory of Change (Slide 1) (opens image)
Open Cinema's Theory of Change (Slide 2) (opens image)


Design Lab 3 (ENV-204) 2014 Fall
Course Description Axo01
Diagramming is a very powerful tool to communicate design ideas to an audience. As designers, we are responsible for conveying complex ideas in a clear and effective way. Diagrams can also be used for the analysis of information. By classifying multiple layers of information into a clear and visual format, the diagram can lead to a strong driver for concept development.
In the process of drawing, we can extract meanings from collected information, and process them in a creative ways. A diagram can set up a hierarchy of information by prioritizing this data.
The most effective diagram in spatial design is an exploded axonometric. To explain spatial organization, circulation, and program, different drawing methodologies can be used to map complex ideas. Depending on the intent, one can choose a planimetric, sectional, axonometric, or perspectival views.
In Diagram Studio, the course will be divided into three sections. Section 1 will research and analyze data. Section2 will be concept development through diagrams. Finally, Section 3 will be dedicated to exploded axonometric drawings. Each week, there will be a lecture session followed by class discussion on relevant precedents. Students are expected to work in studio and produce diagrams each week relating to discussed topics.
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Ground Beetles
Caterpillar Hunters
Bug Index Gif
Caterpillar Hunters are very large ground beetles that live in North America. Most of them are entirely black, but some look like brightly colored metal. They smell very bad because they have secretions from the abdomen that they can spray.
 Caterpillar Hunters originally came from Europe, but were brought to the United States in 1905. The Forest Caterpillar Hunters were released in New England in order to control Gypsy Moths. Caterpillar Hunters get rid of gypsy moths by eating the caterpillars of gypsy moths and they also eat the fully grown adult gypsy moths. Gypsy moths can destroy forests like those in New England because they eat the leaves of the trees. The ground beetles called Caterpillar Hunters are considered beneficial bugs because they can eat huge amounts of destructive gypsy moths so that the forests do not get destroyed.
Caterpillar Hunters also eat large qualities of Wooly Worms that destroy trees by eating the leaves. You have probably seem the Wooly Worms if you live in the United States or Canada. Follow this link to pictures of wooly worms.
Caterpillar Hunter 2
Caterpillar Hunter 3
Caterpillar Hunter 4
Forest Caterpillar Hunter
Creative Commons License These pictures are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


text:
Delaware • New Jersey • Pennsylvania
New York • United States of America
The Delaware River Basin Commission was formed in 1961 by compact among the four basin states (New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey) and the federal government. The five DRBC members oversee a unified approach to managing a river system without regard to political boundaries.
When the DRBC was created, some 43 state agencies, 14 interstate agencies, and 19 federal agencies exercised a multiplicity of splintered powers and duties within the watershed, which stretches 330 miles from the Delaware River's headwaters near Hancock, N.Y., to the mouth of the Delaware Bay.
The Delaware River Basin includes:
- All or portions of 42 counties
- All or portions of 838 municipalities
Please choose from the list appearing on the above navigation bar for intergovernmental resource links, which include the following:


text:
Children with poorly controlled asthma infected with Covid-19 are more likely to require hospitalisation than children with well-controlled asthma or those without asthma, according to a new study. The study, carried out between March 2020 and July 2021, is the first of its kind investigating Covid-19 hospitalisation among 5 to 17-year-olds living in Scotland.
The findings, published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine journal, suggest that current UK recommendations to offer Covid-19 vaccination to all 12 to 17-year-olds should now be expanded to include children with poorly controlled asthma aged 5 and older — including an estimated 109,488 in the UK.
The authors said that prioritising this group of children for Covid-19 vaccination has important implications for vaccine delivery worldwide by reducing the risk of infection, associated illness and, consequently, the need for children to have time off school. However, the overall risk of children with asthma becoming seriously ill with Covid-19 is low, with 1 in 380 children with poorly controlled asthma in the study hospitalised with Covid-19.
"Understanding which children with asthma are at increased risk of serious Covid-19 outcomes is critical to ongoing policy deliberations on vaccine prioritisation," said lead author Professor Aziz Sheikh from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. "Our analysis provides the first national evidence of the risk of Covid-19 hospitalisations among school-aged children with markers of poorly controlled asthma."
He added, "The key takeaway from this study is that keeping children's asthma under control is critical as this greatly reduces the risk of Covid-19 hospitalisation. Vaccinating those with poorly controlled asthma offers an additional important layer of protection from serious Covid-19 outcomes."
Asthma is one the most common long-term childhood conditions affecting an estimated 78 million 5 to 19-year-olds worldwide in 2019, with over 1 million children being treated for asthma in the UK alone. Despite evidence that adults with poorly controlled asthma are at greater risk of being more severely affected by Covid-19, there is a lack of research in children, and until now, there have been no population-based analyses.
At the request of the UK's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), researchers analysed data from the Scotland-wide Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) reporting platform between March 1, 2020 and July 27,2021 to identify which children with asthma were at increased risk of severe COVID-19, leading to hospitalisation within 14 days of a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PT-PCR) test, or death from any cause within 28 days after a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. EAVE II allows rapid analysis of data from routinely collected electronic health records and linked national databases for 5.4 million people (around 99% of the Scottish population).
In total, 752,867 children aged 5-17 years old were included in the analysis. Among 63,463 children (8.4%) with a diagnosis of asthma, 4,339 (6.8%) had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 67 (1.5%) of these were admitted to hospital with Covid-19. There were nine intensive care admissions or deaths in children with asthma, which prevented detailed evaluation of these most severe outcomes. Overall, 40,231 (5.8%) of children without asthma had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 382 (0.9%) were hospitalised with Covid-19.
The study found that 5-17-year-olds with poorly controlled asthma (defined as being hospitalised with asthma within the past two years) were more likely to be admitted to hospital with Covid-19 (548 Covid-19 hospitalisations per 100,000 children), compared to children with well-controlled asthma (94 hospitalisations per 100,000 children), or without asthma (55 hospitalisations per 100,000 children). Based on these data, the researchers estimate that there were 9,124 children aged 5–17 years old with poorly controlled asthma in Scotland during the study period who might have benefited from Covid-19 vaccination, and approximately 109,488 children in the whole UK.


text:
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a United States Army facility located near Aberdeen, Maryland, (in Harford County). Part of the facility is a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 3,116 at the 2000 census.
APG is the U.S. Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the U.S. entered World War I. Its location allowed design and testing of ordnance materiel to take place near contemporary industrial and shipping centers. The proving ground was created as a successor to the Sandy Hook Proving Ground, which was too small for some of the larger weapons being tested. At the peak of World War II, APG had billeting space for 2,348 officers and 24,189 enlisted personnel.
Other parts of APG not attached to the main installation include the Churchville Test Area in Harford County, and the Carroll Island and Graces Quarters in Baltimore County, Maryland. The Churchville Test Area is a test track with hills that provide steep natural grades and tight turns to stress engines, drivetrains, and suspensions for army vehicles, including M1 Abrams tanks, Bradley Fighting Vehicles, and Humvees.
Edgewood Chemical Activity is a chemical-weapons depot located at APG. Elimination of the chemicals held here was put on an accelerated schedule after the September 11, 2001, attacks, and all chemical weapons were destroyed by February 2006.
APG is located at and occupies a land area of 72,962 acres (114.0 sq mi; 295.3 km2). Its northernmost point is near the mouth of the Susquehanna River, where the river enters the Chesapeake Bay, while on the south, it is bordered by the Gunpowder River. The installation lies on two peninsulas separated by the Bush River. The northeastern is known as the Aberdeen Area and the southwestern is called the Edgewood Area (formerly the Edgewood Arsenal).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.0 square miles (31.1 km2), of that, 11.4 square miles (29.5 km2) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of it (5.09%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,116 people, 805 households, and 763 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 274.1 people per square mile (105.8/km²). There were 902 housing units at an average density of 79.3/sq mi (30.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 50.5% White, 34.6% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 1.3% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races; 11.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 805 households out of which 78.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.1% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.2% were non-families; 4.3% of all households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.52 and the average family size was 3.63.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 40.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 44.9% from 25 to 44, 4.4% from 45 to 64, and 0.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,875, and the median income for a family was $40,306. Males had a median income of $26,943 versus $26,194 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,808. About 4.2% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program, as announced in 2005, the APG is projected to lose the Ordnance School and associated R&D facilities with 3862 military and 290 civilian jobs moving to Fort Lee, Virginia. APG will gain 451 military and 5,661 civilian jobs from Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. There is a net loss of 3,411 military jobs under BRAC and a net gain of 5,371 civilian jobs.
In 2005, APG executed an Enhanced use lease (EUL) partnership with Opus East, L.L.C. (a subsidiary of Opus Corporation), a commercial real-estate development company. The EUL allows APG to ground lease "temporarily underutilized" land of the installation to a selected real estate developer. APG uses the proceeds from the ground lease for facility improvements and maintenance on the installation (i.e., new buildings, infrastructure improvements, deferred maintenance, road upgrades on post, etc.). In June 2009, Opus East assigned its EUL development rights to St. John Properties, Inc., a Baltimore-based commercial real estate development firm.
Under the EUL, St. John Properties has entered into a long-term ground lease of federally owned property for the development of commercial office space and research-and-development (R&D) space. The EUL development will provide new, high-quality buildings and facilities for the military/civilian tenants and their supporting government contractors who are relocating to APG because of the 2005 round of the BRAC process. The development of the EUL, known as The GATE Office and Technology Park or "The GATE" project, comprises 416 acres (1.68 km2), 11 land bays, and up to 3,000,000 square feet (300,000 m2) of development potential both inside and outside the secure perimeter of APG. St. John Properties is building new speculative office and R&D buildings for lease to both defense contractors and military/federal agencies.
In addition to office and R&D buildings, St. John Properties is developing an office and retail component just outside APG's security gate. The GATE is being developed to meet anti-terrorism and force-protection standards, and will include sustainable-design elements to achieve LEED Silver Certification. The GATE is strategically located to allow private military contractors (PMCs) doing work for various military commands on APG to be closer to their client. The first building at The GATE was delivered in 2008 to CACI, an information-technology security PMC. In October 2010, L-3 Communications took occupancy of a 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) building at The GATE, as did Raytheon Company, another 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) building. In 2010, St. John Properties delivered three additional speculative buildings for lease. Complete development of The GATE project is expected to span five to 10 years.
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Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Each square carries a letter. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares.
Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame!
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