text:
CFP:"Invisible" Labor and the Business of Print in C19
This proposed panel investigates conceptions of labor and business in commercial publishing, focusing on the (in)visibility of the working people, practices, and spaces that supported literary production in the long nineteenth century. How was the nature and value of such labor imagined? To what extent does that imagination emerge in the archives, and to what extent has it remained invisible to scholars or across disciplinary boundaries? In seeking to illuminate unseen or unappreciated types of work in the business of print as the publishing industry rapidly expanded, we aim to trace new contexts concerning the very foundations of C19 literature and culture, highlight dissenting figures and modes of production, and reexamine relationships among labor, value, and art in the period.
We welcome submissions from scholars in all fields, including literature, book history, and material culture studies. Papers might explore representations of literary labor, the cultural work of print/publishing workers, the (in)visibility of raced, gendered, and/or classed labors, intellectual and creative labor, business and marketing practices, copyright, etc.
Please submit a 300-word abstract and short bio to Blevin Shelnutt (_EMAIL_) and Kristen Highland (_EMAIL_) by Monday, August 19.


Essential Facts: Lebanon, Maine
The typical family unit size in Lebanon, ME is 3.2 family members members, with 83.9% being the owner of their own residences. The mean home appraisal is $190332. For individuals paying rent, they pay out on average $1036 monthly. 63.5% of households have two sources of income, and an average domestic income of $64896. Median individual income is $27288. 4.7% of inhabitants are living at or beneath the poverty line, and 15.3% are considered disabled. 9.3% of residents are veterans for the armed forces.
A Exploration Pc-mac Simulation About North West New Mexico's Chaco Canyon Park
The labor pool participation rate in Lebanon is 72.3%, with an unemployment rate of 3.5%. For those of you within the labor force, the average commute time is 30 minutes. 3.1% of Lebanon's population have a grad degree, and 9.3% have a bachelors degree. Among the people without a college degree, 35.2% have at least some college, 36.2% have a high school diploma, and just 16.1% have received an education not as much as senior school. 14.6% are not covered by medical insurance.


text:
- How does the amount of air in a soccer
ball affect how far it travels when struck by the same force? The
amount of air or air pressure in a soccer ball effects how far
the ball will travel when struck by the same force. The
higher air pressure that is put into a soccer ball improves the ball's
rebound off the foot of a player. More energy is transferred to
a "stiff" ball in an elastic collision. In other words, the ball deforms
less during the impact, so there's less energy lost to deformation.
- Does the atmospheric air pressure effect
how far a soccer ball travels when struck by the same force?
The atmospheric air pressure (the air surrounding the ball) also plays a role in how far a ball travels.
At lower pressure, there's less air friction. You can compare
it to kicking the ball in a tank of water to kicking the ball
on the moon. Balls go farther at high altitude because of the reduced drag from the air, which is thinner
as you go higher up. So there's a case where "reduced" air pressure makes
the ball go farther.
Also, the materials that the soccer ball is made out of effects how far the ball will
travel...but that is another question and experiment.
- How much air pressure should I put into a
Use Proper Air Pressure
Do not over or under pressurize a ball. Use
the manufactures recommended air pressure that is printed on
most balls. Most soccer balls have a pressure rating of 6 to 8
lbs. or 0.6 or 0.8 BAR. It is recommended that you use a
pressure gauge to measure the exact amount of pressure in a
ball after inflating and before use.
BAR or PSI or LBS?
Some soccer balls have recommended pressure
values indicated in BAR while others have the values indicated
in PSI or LBS. To convert the pressure values, use the
To convert BAR (KGS) to PSI (Lbs.):
Answer = 14.5037 X The amount of BAR(KGS)
For example: A soccer ball has a recommended
pressure of 0.6 BAR labeled on it. To convert BAR in
Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI), multiply 0.6 times 14.5037. The
answer is 8.7 PSI or Lbs.
To convert PSI (Lbs.) to BAR(KGS):
Answer =.068948 X The amount of PSI(Lbs.)
For example: A soccer ball has a recommended
pressure of 7.9 Lbs. (PSI) labeled on it. To convert
Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI) into BAR, multiply 7.9 times
.068948. The answer is 0.545 BAR.
How Do I inflate my soccer balls? Soccer balls lose air pressure over time.
Sometimes over a few days (soccer balls that use butyl bladders keep
air pressure longer than balls that use latex bladders). Be sure to
check the pressure frequently to make sure the ball is properly
inflated. Therefore, invest in a good ball pump, have a supply
of inflation needles and use a low pressure gauge to measure for
Before you first inflate a soccer ball, place a couple drops of silicone
silicone lubricant spray or glycerin oil into the valve. You can purchase
the oils or spray at
your local hardware store. Using one of the lubricants will improve the
life of the valve and lubricate the valve for easy insertion of the
Always moisten the inflation
needle before you insert it into the valve. Preferably, use some
silicon oil, silicon spray or glycerin oil to moisten the needle. However; most people use
spit...yuk, but that is not recommended.
Manufacturers recommend that you reduce the
air pressure in your match balls after a game to reduce
the amount of stress on the ball seams or stitching. Be
sure to inflate the ball back to proper pressure before the
Why do I always have to pump up even
expensive balls? Many balls use bladders made out of latex.
Natural Latex Rubber
bladders offer the softest feel and response, but do not provide the best air
retention. Micro pores slowly let air escape. Balls with natural rubber bladders need to be re-inflated
more often than balls with butyl bladders. Even after one or two
days, the latex bladder will leak enough air so that you will have
to inflate the ball back to recommended pressure. Some balls use carbon-latex
bladders in which the carbon powder helps to close the micro pores.
Soccer balls with carbon latex bladders usually increase air
retention to approximately one week. Of course, check the ball
for punctures that may cause the air to leak out.
Soccer Balls with Butyl bladders or PU
bladders offer an excellent
combination of feel and air retention and can be found in most
middle to upper priced balls. Air retention is significantly
increased to weeks and months instead of days compared to balls
with latex bladders.
Why do some soccer balls get bigger over
time? Many soccer balls do
tend to get larger over time. This
is due to the pressure of the air in the bladder against the linings and
cover. Over time the material and stitching may stretch out
causing the ball to become larger. Also, soccer ball abuse may
cause the stitching to loosen and the ball to expand.
I'm still working on this part...check back soon.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This beautifully shorn camel hails from the city of Bikaner in northwest Rajastan, a state in India. Every year in January, the state government organizes a camel festival where beautifully decorated camels like this one are put on display.
How in the world did they shear those intricate images on the camel? Why, with a pair of scissors of course:
We hope you like this article!
Please help us grow by sharing:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Kyabazinga of Busoga
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Isebantu Kyabazinga or Kyabazinga of Busoga is the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Busoga in Uganda. Isebantu means "father of the people." [1] This name was a symbol of unity derived from the expression and recognition by the people of Busoga that their leader was the "father of all people who brings all of them together", and who also serves as their cultural leader. The former Kyabazinga of Busoga was Henry Wako Muloki, who was born in 1921 and died on 1 September 2008.
The queen consort to the Kyabazinga is known as Inhebantu.
The Kyabazinga of Busoga was abolished in 1966 when the former President of Uganda Milton Obote disbanded all traditional institutions within the country, including the Kingdom of Busoga and the title of Kyabazinga.[2] The Kyabazinga was restored with the restoration of traditional institutions during the 1990s and the second coronation of Henry Wako Muloki on February 11, 1995.[1]
The Kyabazingaship in Busoga is an elected post.[2] The Kyabazinga is chosen from just five of the eleven Busoga royal traditional chiefs.[2] Only these five may elect the next Kyabazinga, who is from their own ranks.[2] The Kyabazinga holds the title for a certain period of time before a new title holder in chosen by the chiefs.[2]
There have recently been calls by Basoga elders to allow that all eleven royal hereditary chiefs be permitted to elect the next Kyabazinga, instead of just the traditional five chiefs.[3] The demands for change came during the selection process for a successor to the late Henry Wako Muloki.[3]
List of Kyabazinga of Busoga[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Bita, George (2008-09-14). "Life and times of Wako Muloki". New Vision. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
 2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Muyita, Solomon (2008-09-02). "Rest in Peace: Kyabazinga Wako Muloki dies at 87". The Monitor (Uganda). Retrieved 2008-09-26. [dead link]
 3. ^ a b Kirunda, Abubaker (2008-09-25). "Busoga elders want all chiefs to elect Kyabazinga". The Monitor (Uganda). Retrieved 2008-09-26. [dead link]
 4. ^,2014-september [william wlberforce Nadiope Gabula IV] THE TRUE ONE [1]. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
External links[edit]


text:
Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) – Online Course – CPDUK Accredited – UK Core Skills Training Framework (CSTF) Aligned.
Welcome to our Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) online training course for front-line healthcare and social care support workers. All our online training courses, programmes and qualifications are accredited by the CPD Certification Service (CPDUK).
The Care Certificate Standard 4 focuses on the concepts of equality, diversity, inclusion and discrimination. Promoting equality and respecting diversity are central to life today, particularly in the provision of health and social care services.
To provide care and support that meets the needs of everyone, you have to understand what these terms mean and take account of them in your work.
Care Certificate Standard 4 Training Course – CPDUK Accredited E-Learning Course
Study method – Online, self-paced
Estimated duration (Indicative CPD hours) – 2 hours
Course format – Online (24/7 access)
Entry requirements – no prerequisites required
Assessment type – Complete end of course assessment (80% needed to pass and gain CPD certificate)
Certification/Qualification – Downloadable CPD certificate
Cost(s) of assessment and certification – Assessment and certification costs included in the course price
Course accreditation – CPD Certification Service (CPDUK)
Course access – Part-time (1-year access)
Course delivery – via desktop PC/MAC, laptops, tablets or smartphones.
Who is the online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course for?
This Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) e-learning course should be completed by those who work in health and social care services, including:
- New members of staff in Healthcare Support Worker roles,
- New members of staff in Adult Social Care Worker roles, and
- Any staff members who provide direct care to patients or individuals needing support.
This Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) e-learning course will also be useful for:
- Staff moving into new roles within their organisation,
- Refreshing the knowledge of any member of staff,
- NHS nursing, AHP and care staff,
- Agency care workers,
- Healthcare assistants (HCAs),
- Support workers,
- Care assistants, and
- Community services.
Course aims and objectives
This Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) training course helps health and social care workers to understand their legal and professional responsibilities to those they provide care.
The Care Certificate Standard 4 focuses on the concepts of equality, diversity, inclusion and discrimination. Promoting equality and respecting diversity are central to life today, particularly in the provision of health and social care services. To provide care and support that meets the needs of everyone, you have to understand what these terms mean and take account of them in your work.
On completion of this Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) training course, you will have a better understanding of:
- The importance of equality, diversity, inclusion, discrimination human rights,
- The meaning of key terms such as equality, diversity and inclusion,
- How can health and social care organisations promote an inclusive approach?
- The Human Rights Act (1998),
- Human Rights-Based Approach (F.R.E.D.A),
- Discrimination and the law,
- Main forms of discrimination?
- Bullying and harassment,
- Challenging discrimination and prejudice, and
- Individual and organisational responsibilities.
What is covered in this online care certificate standard 4 training course?
This online Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) training course covers the following:
- Understand the importance of equality and inclusion
- Explain what is meant by:
- Human Rights,
- Inclusion, and
- Describe ways in which discrimination may deliberately or inadvertently occur in the work setting,
- Explain how practices that support equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination,
- Explain what is meant by:
- Work in an inclusive way:
- Identify which legislation and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination apply to their role,
- Demonstrate interaction with individuals that respects their beliefs, culture, values and preferences, and
- Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that encourages positive change.
- Access information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion:
- Identify a range of sources of information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion,
- Describe how and when to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion, and
- Explain who to ask for help and support about equality and inclusion.
What is covered the care certificate standard 4?
The care certificate standard 4 covers the concepts of equality, diversity, inclusion and discrimination in the provision of health and social care services.
What is equality?
Equality is about treating people alike according to their needs. You should make sure that everyone is given equality of opportunity. For example, you may need to provide information in different formats (for example, Braille) or make sure there is access to a building for an individual in a wheelchair.
What is diversity?
Diversity can be described as 'difference'. All individuals are different, and the many different parts of a person's character and identity make them unique.
What is inclusion?
Inclusion is 'being included within either a group or society as a whole'. Inclusion links with diversity and equality. It is important to understand someone's differences so that you can include them and treat them equally and fairly. People can feel excluded if they are not able to join in with activities.
Excluding people because of their differences is known as 'discrimination'. All workers in health and social care must make sure that they work inclusively to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to take part when they want to. This is especially true about people taking part in their care and support so that it is truly centred on them as a person.
What is discrimination?
Discrimination broadly refers to actions that are often based on a person's negative attitude towards others. In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of or making a distinction in favour of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong rather than on individual attributes.
This includes treatment of an individual or group, based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, "in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated". It involves the group's initial reaction or interaction going on to influence the individual's actual behaviour towards the group leader or the group, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.
Why is this care certificate standard 4 training course important?
Equality and diversity are essential components of health and social care. Good equality and diversity practices make sure that the services provided to people are fair and accessible to everyone. They ensure that people are treated as equals, that people get the dignity and respect they deserve and that their differences are celebrated. Equality and diversity shouldn't be seen as bonus benefits to your health or social care setting but more as integral constituents.
In a health and social care environment, equality and diversity must be at the heart of what we do. Our patients and service users are individual people, and we should always strive to ensure that their diverse needs are met and ensure that they have equal access to the services we provide. This is particularly important for adults in need who, because of a disability, illness or their age, are unable to take adequate care of themselves and keep themselves from harm.
How do I book for the online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course?
You can book for Care Certificate Standard 4 (Equality and Diversity) training course online. Just click 'Buy Now' in the top right-hand corner of this page to order the Care Certificate Standard 4 training course online. Follow the instructions to complete the order for your Care Certificate Standard 4 training course.
Once you complete your Care Certificate Standard 4 online order, you will receive a confirmation email within a few minutes. You will also receive a separate email providing you with the link to the Care Certificate Standard 4 training course online and login details. You should then be able to access the online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course portal immediately and complete your online training modules.
Certification and Accreditation
On successful completion of the online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course, you will be able to download, save and/or print a quality assured CPD certificate. Our CPD certificate can be used to provide evidence for compliance and audit (recognised internationally).
All learning materials are designed in collaboration with The Mandatory Training Group, the leading UK providers of workforce development solutions for all sectors.
LearnPac Systems and The Mandatory Training Group have worked with a range of subject matter experts to develop high-quality online training courses and programmes. The CPD Certification Service (CPDUK) has peer-reviewed independently and accredited our online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course as conforming to universally accepted Continuous Professional Development (CPD) guidelines.
On completion of the online Care Certificate Standard 4 training course, you will be required to complete an online assessment (pass mark of 80%).
If you don't pass the first, don't worry! You can take the online test as many times as you need with no extra charge.
Why choose LearnPac Systems' E-Learning courses?
LearnPac Systems is a leading UK provider of accredited online training courses, programmes and qualifications including the following categories:
- Business Administration and Entrepreneurship
- Health, Safety and Welfare at Work
- Health and Social Care
- IT and Cyber Security
- Leadership and Management
- Mental Health Awareness
- Microsoft Office Applications
- Personal and Professional Development
- Statutory and Mandatory Training
- Soft Skills Development
- Train the Trainer
- Workplace Diversity.
LearnPac Systems


text:
Evologics Highly accurate underwater acoustic positioning
Highly accurate underwater acoustic positioning
S2CR LBL systems bring the benefits of long baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning to offshore and maritime applications that demand highly accurate results.
An array of baseline S2CR LBL nodes, deployed at the operation site, allows tracking and navigating the targets with very high precision and accuracy that do not depend on the depth.
The integrated full-duplex digital communication link enhances the S2C R LBL system with a combined tracking and communication functionality, opening new possibilities for a wide range of applications.
An LBL system features EvoLogics R-series devices in S2C Beacon configuration as baseline nodes.
- Patented S2C (Sweep Spread Carrier) Technology – spread spectrum technology based on extensive bionic studies
- Accurate LBL positioning with 1.5cm accuracy
- Combined LBL positioning and data transmissions
- Can be used in Silent LBL mode (hyperbolic positioning algorithm)
- Self-adaptive algorithms for reliable performance in adverse underwater conditions, built-in forward error correction and data compression
- Advanced communication protocol with several data delivery algorithms:
send and receive large volumes of data with the highest bitrate possible in current conditions;
send and receive short instant messages without interrupting the main data flow between devices
- Addressing and networking: build relay chains and underwater networks with broadcasting capabilities
- Low power consumption and additional power-saving options
- Positioning of offshore equipment
Highly accurate tracking of offshore equipment during installation to ensure accurate placement at predetermined coordinates
- Navigation of ROVs and AUVs
Track positions of multiple ROVs or AUVs and control their missions with instant commands
Locate underwater features with geo-referenced coordinates when used together with GPS or differential GPS
Track small sea-floor movements caused by tectonic drifting or landslides
- Sensor tracking
Highly accurate tracking of sensitive sensors and detectors, such as those used in neutrino telescopes, to compensate the drift caused by underwater currents
- Silent LBL
Silent operating mode for 'underwater GPS' navigation
Find more information in the LBL Product Information Guide or contact us directly at _EMAIL_


text:
The basic and main purpose of windmills is to get wind energy.
Using the wind to create electricity has been around for a long time. You've probably seen windmills on farms. People who design, build or repair windmills are called millwrights.If you want to become a millwright then get download Magic windmill coloring app, which is totally free. Come along with us and design and build your own magic windmill. Learn how to make a magic windmill and make it colorful and give it attractive shades.- Attractive Windmill images of to keep a child enthusiastic.- 30 images of different kind of Windmill.- Magic windmill allows your child to keep his interest in the study of environmental science.- Change colors with a finger touch.- Ability to save completed pictures.Don't underestimate child's coloring. It may look like leisure time, but when children are coloring, they're actually developing crucial life skills — and preparing their brains for the challenges of adulthood. This app is will clear the concept of windmill of your child. Children absolutely love science. The benefits of science for kids are tremendous. When children are engaged in Magic windmill coloring they are no longer disruptive because they are too busy in creating.


text:
Importance sampling for analysis of direct detection optical communication systems
Mandayam, Narayan B.
Optical Code Division Multiple Access; Importance Sampling; Efficient Simulation Techniques
Analytical solutions of the performance of optical communication systems are difficult to obtain and often, Monte Carlo simulations are used to achieve realistic estimates of the performance of such systems. However, for high performance systems, this technique requires a large number of simulation trials for the estimates to be in a reasonable interval of confidence, with the number of trials increasing linearly with the performance of the system. We apply an importance sampling technique to estimate the performance of direct detection optical systems, where the "gain" of importance sampling over Monte Carlo simulations is shown to increase linearly with the system performance. Further, we use this technique to study the performance of optical communication systems employing avalanche photodetectors as well as fibre-optic code division multiple access systems (FO-CDMA). We also show that the quick simulation technique developed can be used for a wide variety of coding schemes, and for the first time, we present a comparative analysis of the performance of FO-CDMA systems employing optical orthogonal codes and prime sequences. In all cases, it is shown that importance sampling simulations require less than 50-100 trials for estimating error probabilities of 10-10 and below.
MetadataShow full item record
- ECE Publications


text:
Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
BiologyA pelagic (Ref. 26340) schooling species usually found in offshore reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered along shores of sandy beaches, also over muddy bottoms (Ref. 9626). May penetrate into brackish water and ascend rivers. Feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates (Ref. 3277). Often approach divers (Ref. 9710). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).


text:
Communities Putting Prevention to Work
The Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) is an initiative created by the Department of Health and Human Services as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The purpose of CPPW is to reduce risk factors and prevent/delay chronic disease associated with two of the leading causes of preventable death, obesity and tobacco use. The initiative is supported by the Consortium for a Healthier Miami-Dade, a Miami-Dade County Health Department initiative, which will act as a link for key local, county, and state organizations to work together to reduce the incidence of obesity within the county.
CPPW proposes to tackle the various components that affect obesity among children and adults in Miami-Dade County by:
- Using media, access, points of promotion/price and social support strategies to implement policy, systems, and environmental changes.
- Working together with local, county and state organizations to implement changes in an effective manner.
- Providing culturally appropriate community and workplace interventions geared toward increasing physical activity, improving nutrition, and decreasing screen time (TV and/or computer).
The guiding principles and values of the CPPW include:
- Community involvement/ empowerment
- Partnership and collaboration
- Inclusion and equity
- Shared decision-making
- Knowledge sharing and communication
- Attention to broader social determinants of health
Goal One: Enhance/ Strengthen Consortium
Increase number of high-level community leaders who enact and support evidence-based policies
Goal Two: Mass Media Campaign
Raise awareness of healthy eating and promote healthy food choices and physical activity
Goal Three: Child Care Centers
Increase access to healthy food and beverages, require daily activity, and limit screen time
Goal Four: Farm-to-School Nutrition
Improve access to healthy foods and reimbursable meals in public schools
Goal Five: Physical Activity in Miami-Dade County Public Schools
Increase physical activity in public schools
Goal Six: Access and Consumption of Healthy Foods via Convenience Stores
Increase community access to healthy and affordable foods
Goal Seven: Farmer's Markets and Farm-to-Institutions
Increase access to healthy foods, fruits, and vegetables through farmers' markets
Goal Eight: Breastfeeding Practices and Facilities
Increase breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding friendly facilities
Goal Nine: Active Transportation and Recreation
Increase active transportation and recreation through the built environment
Goal Ten: Safe Routes to Schools
Increase sustainable Safe Routes to School initiatives
Goal Eleven: Worksite Wellness
Increase the number of worksite wellness programs that implement nutrition policies and physical activity
Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public-records request,
do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing.


text:
How to reduce diode detector weak signal insertion-power-loss to less than that possible when the input is impedance matched
By Ben H. Tongue
Quick Summary: Diode detector insertion power loss can be reduced below the value achieved under impedance matched conditions provided it is operating below its LSLC point. The optimal conditions are: (1) The output audio load resistance equals twice the RF source resistance. (2) The Saturation Current and Ideality Factor of the diode are such that the very-low-signal output resistance of the detector (axis-crossing resistance, aka Rd, of the diode) equals the output load resistance. These conditions insure an impedance match at the audio output and a 1:2 mismatch at the RF input (source resistance = half the RF input resistance of the diode). Please bear in mind that the LSLC point is a point on a graph of output DC power vs input RF power of a diode detector system. It is not a point on a graph of DC current vs voltage of a diode. Info on the LSLC point is available in Article #15a.
It has usually been assumed by myself and others that power loss in
a two port device (here, a crystal set) is minimized when its input
and output ports are impedance matched. This article will show
that this is not true in the case of a diode detector operating
at a signal power level well below that of its region of essentially
linear operation. It is true, however, when a strong signal
(well above the LSLC point) is being received. In the linear region,
audio output power is proportional to RF input power. That is,
for every dB of change in input power there will be one dB change of
output power. In the lower power region, called the'square law'
region, a change of one dB in input power results in a two dB change
in output power. See Article #15a, Figs. 2 and 3 for info on the
LSLC point of a diode detector.
Definition of terms:
Rd: Resistance of a diode at its axis crossing. Rd=0.0257*n/Is at 25 degrees Celsius
It has been asserted in these Articles that the RF input and audio output resistances, Ri and Ro, of a diode detector, approach the same value and equal 0.0257*n/Is = Rd ohms at room temperature when the input signal strength is low enough. See Article #0, part 4, Article 4, part 2 and Article 16 for information on Is and n, and ways of measuring them.
Fig. 1 represents a conventional diode detector. The tank circuit T is shown with no internal loss. A real world tank will have loss that can be represented by a shunt resistor connected across it. For convenience of analysis it is assumed that this loss resistance is absorbed into the source V1, R1 (For a more complete explanation, see Article #1, first paragraph after the third schematic.). Assume that the impedance of the source (antenna) and load (headphone) are transformed to equal values (R1 = R2) and select a diode that has an Rd equal to them. This will result in a reasonable impedance match at both the input and output if the signal power level places operation below +10 dB of the linear-to-square law crossover point. Little of the input power directed towards the detector will be reflected back to the source and most all of the output power from the detector will be absorbed in the load, R2. If the diode detector were a linear device with linear input and output resistances, this impedance-matched condition would result in the least detector power loss (greatest sensitivity) obtainable. It would seem clear that the crystal set detector could not be made more sensitive. Actually, not so! Very weak signal sensitivity can be improved by about 2 dB by appropriate mismatching at the input. This provides a rather hard-to-hear increase in volume, but every little bit helps.
In the impedance matched condition discussed so far, R1=Ri=Rd and R2=
Ro. Simple math shows that the detector input voltage Vi will
equal one half the internal source voltage V1. If we create
an impedance mismatch between the source resistance R1 and the detector
input resistance Ri by replacing the diode D with a different one having
1/2 the saturation current, Vi will increase. The reason is that
the detector input resistance Ri is now twice R1. The voltage
divider made up of R1 and Ri will reduce Vi to only two thirds
of V1, making the new value of Vi=4/3 the old value. Since the
detector is operating in square law mode, the internal source voltage
in the detector that drives its output terminals will be (4/3)^2=1.77...
times as much as before. This higher voltage will be divided down by
the voltage divider action of the now twice-as-large diode output resistance
and R2 to give an output voltage 1.185 as large as before. This
equates to an output power 1.476 dB greater than in the original impedance
Theoretical calculation and SPICE simulation show that that in a crystal set having equal values for R1 and R2, the diode parameters that give to lowest insertion power loss at low signal power levels fits the equation: R1=R2= 2*(0.0257*n/Is) at room temperature.
Now let us look at the effect on Ri and insertion power loss if Ri does not match R1. Look at Fig. 2.
Look at Fig. 3. At the -95 dBW end of the graph, one can see that changing Is from 38 to 19 nA, and keeping R1 and R2 at at 700k ohms reduced the detector insertion power loss by about 1.5 dB (Series 1 to series 2). This comes from the increased voltage, Vi, at the detector input. Raising the output load resistance from 700k to 1400k ohms reduces the mismatch loss at the output to approximate. zero and reduces the overall insertion power loss by another approximate. 0.5 dB for a total improvement of 2.0 dB at low input power levels (Series 3). The detector insertion power loss at the -50 dBW input level is is also reduced by 0.5 dB because of the elimination of the output impedance mismatch.
Practically speaking, what does all this mean? Mainly, improved theoretical understanding of diode detectors. (see last bullet point)
#28 Originally published as Article #15 in Feb. 2001; later withdrawn.
Republished as Article #28: 03/04/05


text:
Create a link to a Tab or Accordion on a different page.
Editors, Publishers, Site Managers, and Site Admins.
1. Navigate to the page containing the tab or accordion.
2. Open the tab you want to link to, by clicking on it. In this example, "Emergency Response."
3. Copy the relative link in the URL bar. (The # denotes the name of the open tab.)
4. Navigate to the page where you want to put the link. Edit the page and drag over the text. Click the Link tool in the toolbar.
5. Change the Link Type to "URL" and the Protocol to "Other." Paste the relative link in the URL field. In this case, make sure to include the preceding slash. Click OK.
When clicked, the link will take the user to the designated page, with the Emergency Response tab already open.


text:
Right ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) view (or three vessel view/3VV) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram.
In this view, the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk should be in continuity and the aorta posterior to the right ventricle.
This view can be achieved by adjusting the transducer beam while a good 4 chamber view is obtained, towards the right shoulder of the fetus.
In this view, the following observations can be made:
- the aorta and pulmonary trunk should be approximately the same size
- the pulmonary trunk should be anterior and to the left of the aorta


Skip to content
Switch branches/tags
Go to file
Latest commit
Git stats
Failed to load latest commit information.
Latest commit message
Commit time
Linux learn map
This project should allow students of a Linux curse to get a quick overview of all exercises as well as automatic feedback for completed exercises.
The exercises are described in simple text files, one per execise. To test if an exercise is complete a "check" script is uploaded to a server via SSH and then executed. If the return value is 0 the exercise is complete.
The setup is outlined for a Debian based system:
 1. Install Apache 2 webserver with PHP and SSH2 PHP module:
 apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 libssh2-php
 You can use the apache2-mpm-prefork package if you don't have a high load and want to save some memory.
 For local development it can be helpful to set display_errors=On in /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini. Please don't do this on a live system.
 2. Checkout the repository:
 git clone cd linux-learn-map
 3. Make the public directory accessable via the webserver. Either by setting a DocumentRoot to the public directory or by defining an alias.
 The webserver also needs read-only access to most directories in the repository. Easiest way:
 chgrp -R www-data.
 4. Copy the sample.htaccess file in the public directory to.htaccess and configure the access control. For local development a local htpasswd file is useful. For productive deployment you might want to use LDAP authentication.
 5. Create a private/public key pair in the keys directory and configure the paths in config.php. Don't set a password for the private key! The webserver will use the private key to open an SSH connection to the student VM every time a student checks the exercise.
 Add the public key to the authorized_keys file of your student virtual machines.
 6. Thats it for now.
Writing new exercises
By default all exercises are stored in the exercises directory. Each subdirectory that contains a file named check is interpreted as an exercise. No matter how deeply nested the directories are.
A file named exercise.txt in the same directorie contains additional information about the exercise. In the simplest form this file looks like this:
Title: Install an Apache Webserver
Description written in Markdown
How to write Markdown: Markdown introduction, php Markdown Extra
No description, website, or topics provided.
No releases published
No packages published


text:
The measuring speed and accuracy of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM's) are improving every year. Newer CMM's are being designed and built to be shop floor "hardened" so they can function with repeatability right on the production floor. Vibration is one environmental factor which can compromise a CMM's accuracy and repeatability.
Ideally, if all components of a CMM, including the part to be measured, were to vibrate in unison at a specific frequency, amplitude, phase and orientation, no degradation in measured performance would result.
Without compromising accuracy, CMM manufacturers provide their users with the maximum levels of vibration which their machines are capable of withstanding. This allowable vibration criteria is an important factor when considering if a machine requires vibration isolation or not.
When isolation is required, it is typically low frequency (less than 30 Hz) vibration that requires attenuation. Fabreeka pneumatic isolators (PAL Isolators and PLM Mounts) provide significant vibration isolation for metrology equipment requiring low frequency vibration control.


text:
Endangered cultural treasures around the world
Image 2 of 25
Historic Center of Craco( World Monuments Fund )
The Historic Center of Craco was first developed between the 10th and 9th centuries B.C., and the tall watchtower that hovers above this rocky village was built in 1000 A.D. The town has been abandoned since 1991, when a landslide forced out its remaining residents. Because this hilltop town was built on an unstable slope, it will be hard to protect this ancient piece of Italian history.


text:
World News from Africa
"A society where everyone, regardless of background or disability, feels welcome, included and supported"
Barriers and Abuse for Women with Disabilities in Uganda
(By Human Right Watch-HRW- 12.09.10) Women with disabilities in northern Uganda experience ongoing discrimination and sexual and gender-based violence, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.
Many are unable to gain access to basic services, including health care and justice, and they have been largely ignored in post-conflict reconstruction efforts.
The 73-page report, "'As if We Weren't Human': Discrimination and Violence against Women with Disabilities in Northern Uganda," describes frequent abuse and discrimination by strangers, neighbors, and even family members against women and girls with disabilities in the north. Women interviewed for the report said they were not able to get basic provisions such as food, clothing, and shelter in camps for displaced persons or in their own communities. One woman with a physical disability who lived in such a camp told Human Rights Watch that people said to her, "You are useless. You are a waste of food. You should just die so that others can eat the food." The research was conducted in six districts of northern Uganda – a region recently emerging from over two decades of brutal conflict between the rebel Lord's Resistance Army and the government.
"One of the untold stories of the long war in Northern Uganda and its aftermath is the isolation, neglect, and abuse of women and girls with disabilities," said Shantha Rau Barriga, disability rights researcher and advocate at Human Rights Watch. "As Ugandans in the north struggle to reclaim their lives, the government and humanitarian agencies need to make sure that women with disabilities are not left out."
The report is based on interviews with 64 women and girls with a wide range of disabilities, some caused by diseases such as polio and others by landmines or gunshot wounds during the protracted conflict. According to a 2007 national survey, approximately 20 percent of people in Uganda have disabilities. However, northern Uganda is believed to have higher disability rates because of war-related injuries and limited access to treatment or vaccinations for illnesses.
Human Rights Watch's research suggests that women with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence. More than one-third of the women interviewed told Human Rights Watch that they had experienced some form of sexual or physical abuse. None had been able to press criminal charges or pursue prosecutions of their attackers.
"Women with disabilities are often not given any information about sexual or reproductive health and HIV," Barriga said. "But they have real sexual health needs, and they also need to be protected from sexual violence and be able to get justice if abused."
Women with disabilities, the report notes, are especially vulnerable to HIV because of poverty, difficulty in negotiating safe sex, lack of accessible information, and susceptibility to violence and rape. Many of the women could not reach health centers or police stations, which are often situated far away or are inaccessible for lack of sign language interpreters, Braille signage or ramps for physical access. Others encountered discriminatory attitudes by staff and could not get assistance even from family members.
"I cannot bathe near others," Candace, a woman with HIV and who has an amputated leg from a landmine, told Human Rights Watch. "My neighbors think that the water that comes off of me has HIV in it. They say I will get the community sick if they touch the water. There has been HIV sensitization in the community but there is no real change in attitudes."
Among the recommendations in the report is that the Ugandan government should adequately address the needs of women with disabilities in post-conflict development plans and programs. The report also calls on the government to ensure access for women with disabilities to mainstream government programs, particularly with regard to sexual and gender-based violence, reproductive health, and HIV.
Human Rights Watch found that the vast majority of humanitarian aid organizations do not have specific programs to meet the needs of people with disabilities. The report recommends that humanitarian aid organizations partner with organizations representing people with disabilities to ensure that information about the resettlement process and available support services reach them.
One of the key problems is the lack of data on the number of women with disabilities in northern Uganda and their access to services, Human Rights Watch said. The government and humanitarian agencies need to collect this information and use it to develop more inclusive programs for women with disabilities.
The government of Uganda has an obligation to respect the rights of persons with disabilities under international and regional laws, the national constitution, and other domestic legislation. As a state party to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Uganda should ensure that women with disabilities enjoy all human rights on an equal basis with others. In practice, the government of Uganda needs to do more to implement its laws to protect women with disabilities in northern Uganda from violence and to ensure their access to basic services, Human Rights Watch said.
"The war has hidden and compounded the isolation and discrimination against women and girls with disabilities," Barriga said. "But now the government has a special opportunity – and a special responsibility – to meet their needs."
Selected accounts from individuals interviewed for "As If We Weren't Human"
"There were 12 people in the house on the day it was burned down [by the Lord's Resistance Army]. Those of us closer to the door survived. I lay on my stomach and protected my heart. My head got burned, and I lost my sight. I don't hear well."
– Edna, a 29-year-old woman who fled her rural village for Lira town in 2004. Edna is also HIV-positive.
"I was raped three times in this house one week ago. The man came at night, so I was unable to recognize him. I have not told anyone, not even my mother. I was thinking of bringing a panga [machete] to bed with me in case he comes again. I fear that if I report, then I will need to know my HIV status. I want to check my HIV status at a health center but I do not have transport to town. The hospital is far and my [hand-crank] bicycle is broken. Others in the community will say that it's my fault and that I run around with men."
– Angela, a 20-year-old woman born with a physical disability, Amuru district
"If I go back to my original home, I'll be like a child, waiting to be fed."
– Mary, woman with physical disability living in a displaced persons camp, Amuru district
"Delivery beds are extremely high and have wheels. [The nurses] tell you to get on the bed. You try to get on, but the bed is rolling. They say, 'You get on the bed! How did you get on the bed where you got pregnant?'"
– Hon. Nalule Safia Juuko, member of parliament representing women with disabilities
"The neighbors beat my children. When they played with the neighbors' children, they were told to go away. They said, 'You'll spread deafness to my family.'"
– Erica, a deaf woman who lost one of her children during childbirth because the nurse did not communicate to her that she was going to have twins, Lira district
To read "'As If We Weren't Human': Discrimination and Violence Against Women with Disabilities in Northern Uganda," please visit: _URL_
At Elections Cater for People With Disabilities
(Crispy Kaheru, Kampala 29.12.09) I recently attended the launch of the human rights report by the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI). The report specially focused on the abuse of the rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Uganda.
Even though the Government has excelled in laying down disability friendly policy frameworks through the Persons with Disabilities Act 2006, the breadth and implementation of these policies remains defective.
The Act provides guidelines in terms of the rights of PWDs in relation to subjects like access to education, health and employment services.
Where the Act has provided specific guidelines, both the Government and private agencies have done a relatively commendable job to promote and protect the rights and needs of PWDs in respective fields.
However, the optimism of PWDs has continued to wither in certain key areas like participation in electoral matters and access to transport services, where the Disability Act does not shade light. In the wake of the 2011 elections, the key question remains, how effectively will PWDs participate in the electoral activities?
In order for the PWDs to effectively take part in electoral events, the Government has to consider availing sign language interpreters at each of the campaigning activities. Informational material has to be translated into diverse forms like braille, audio, tactile, or pictorial to ensure easy accessibility by all categories of people. Election related events such as candidates' rallies, polling activities or even voter registration exercises should be situated in places that can be easily accessed by PWDs.
Prior to the 2006 general elections, members from the disability movement proposed the introduction of braille ballot papers for the blind voters.
However, the proposal seemed to have come at the last minute when the Electoral Commission (EC) had already finalised formalities of printing the ordinary ballot papers.
Therefore, as we embark on preparations for the 2011 election, the Government through the EC should endeavour to put in place special arrangements to accommodate PWDs in elections.
During the 2006 elections, at least 5% of the 10.5 million registered voters had a given form of disability - a significant fraction of these were visually impaired.
Out of these registered PWDs, a small percentage is thought to have participated in the polling exercises. Due to deficient conditions, other PWDs did not even get to the


text:
Using CyNoteCyber Laboratory Notebook for Biologists and Bioinformaticists
Creating Notebooks and Entries
CyNote users can create notebooks that consist of research records and entries. To create a notebook:
1. From the main menu, select "Create New Notebook". The following page appears.
1. Fill in the name and the description of the notebook and press submit.
Now that the notebook has been created, it is now ready for use. To create an entry in the notebook:
1. From the main menu, select "Create New Notebook Entry". The following page appears.
2. Fill in the title and give a description for the entry. If desired, enter keywords and upload a file to the entry. When done, click on "Submit Query".
3. The entry is created and will be stored with the notebook.
To leave comments on an entry:
1. Open the entry and scroll to the bottom of the page.
2. Add your comment to the page and press "Submit".
3. The comment will be displayed with the entry.


Which species and what does in matter?
Many claims are made over which deer species produces the best Venison. Claims include subjective comments such as "finer texture", "just a hint of game", "Chef's choice" and so on... all rather confusing. So who makes these claims and what basis are they made?
Who makes the claims: Mostly producers and processors with a commercially based biased point of view. Many Australian producers began their deer farming enterprises starting out with fallow deer as they were readily available as feral stock, are relatively small (no bigger than a sheep, just longer legs) and therefore perceived as being easier to farm. In reality, there is very little difference between the various species.
Why they make the claims: The claims mostly emanate from producers & processors that do not have the infrastructure available to produce and process larger species.
Wild Shot Deer, an important point of difference: throw away comments and claims regarding venison qualities are also made by many wild deer shooters. The shooter can only kill and recover what's available at the time the shot is taken. So, to get around this, they'll tell you, the consumer, what you should buy, regardless of species, size gender or age.
In Australia, two farmed species go head to head more so than the others. Fallow & Red, each with pros and cons. It's not their perceived differences in texture, flavour or tenderness, those qualities can be largely indiscernible, it's more to do with yield and natural fall. Overwhelmingly, it's carcass size that wins, not the breed. Elk are the only exception to the taste test rule - they possess a depth of flavour not found in other species - and they have the ability to marble.
At Hahndorf Venison, we do not hold a bias toward one deer species over another. It is important to note we farm and process several different species. We have the facilities and infrastructure in place to readily identify and segregate like with like. Elk, Red, Fallow, Chital, Sika, Hog, Blackbuck & more. Hahndorf Venison offers guidance and advise, but ultimately we let the product do the talking and allow you to decide.
Elk, Red Deer & Red Deer X Elk have the distinct advantage in that they are bigger and mature at a later age than the smaller species. The larger carcass composition also
means better recovery and minimised waste.
Indisputable facts:
 - a 4 month old Elk will easily achieve a live body weight of 90+ kilograms.
 - A Red Deer X Elk will achieve live weight of 120+ kg at 9 months.
 - The average Fallow Deer buck will struggle to make 50 kg's at 12 months old, mature fallow females rarely exceed 50 kg's.
Unfortunately many of the fancy cuts like cheeks, onglet, babette & others are just not viable to recover from smaller deer < 40kg carcass weight.
So there you have it: Size does matter!
* The email will not be published on the website.


1. PlanIQ
 2. Create a forecast model
 3. Understand advanced metrics
PlanIQ uses a set of advanced metrics to assess the quality of your forecast model.
Your feedback is important to us. To ensure you have a good content experience, we'd appreciate if you could tell us how you find the guidance on this page and if it addresses your questions.
To take part, complete the quick survey at the end of the article, and tell us how we can improve.
Understand what criteria each metric uses to decide whether the quality of a forecast model is high, medium, or low. The better the quality, the more the accurate the predictions.
The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is the sum of the individual absolute forecast errors, divided by the actual values for each period. It's an accuracy measure based on the relative percentage of errors. The closer the MAPE value is to zero, the better the predictions.
If the error is greater than the actual value, then the percentage of error can be more than 100%.
For example, if the actual value is 1 and we predicted 3, then that makes the forecast error a 2. The forecast error is greater than the actual value, so the MAPE result is greater than 100%.
As MAPE specifies the size of the error as a percentage rather than actual values, it can compare the forecast error between different data set sizes and different time scales.
The root-mean-square error (RMSE) is often used to measure the differences between the values that are predicted values made by the forecast model, and the actual values.
RMSE uses the squared value of the forecast errors. This helps you identify the impact of outliers. RMSE is a good metric to use for use cases where a few incorrect predictions can be very costly if you implemented them.
A forecast model with a lower RMSE value indicates more accurate predictions.
The mean absolute error (MAE) measures the average amount of the forecast errors in a set of predictions, without considering their direction.
Direction refers to whether the forecast over or under predicts.
MAE is the average absolute difference between X and Y. Mean absolute error is a scale-dependent metric.
MAE cannot be used to make comparisons between series that involve different units.
For example:
MAE cannot compare a SKU* that sold 100 units per month with another SKU that sold 1000 units per month.
You can use MAE as a relative measure to compare forecasts for the same series across different models. A lower MAE value represents a more accurate model.
*SKU is a stock keeping unit.
The mean arctangent absolute percentage error (MAAPE) is a measure of forecast accuracy that improves quality measurement of zero or close-to-zero actual values. You can use MAAPE to compare forecast performance between different data series.
Use MAAPE to evaluate intermittent demand forecasts. That is, forecasts for irregular levels of demand. MAAPE can be particularly useful when extremely large errors can occur because of mistaken or incorrect observations. A lower MAAPE value indicates a more accurate model.
The mean absolute scaled error (MASE) is a measure of the accuracy of your forecasts. It's the mean absolute error of the forecast values, divided by the mean absolute error of the naive forecast, where the naive forecast uses a previous value or an average of several previous points.
The mean absolute scaled error can be easily interpreted. Values greater than one indicate that in-sample one-step forecasts from the naïve method perform better than the forecast values of the specific model you're looking at.
MASE is a scale-free error metric. You can use it to compare forecast methods on a single series and also to compare forecast accuracy between series. This metric is well suited to intermittent-demand series.
MASE is a very good metric to use unless all of the historical observations are equal. If they're equal the observations display a straight line and the MASE result would be infinite or undefined.
The symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) is an accuracy measure based on percentage (or relative) errors.
Relative error is the absolute error divided by the magnitude of the exact value.
In contrast to the mean absolute percentage error, SMAPE has both a lower bound and an upper bound. Since it's percentage-based, it's scale-independent, which means that it can be used to compare forecast performances between datasets.
A limitation to SMAPE is that if the actual value or forecast value is 0, the value of error will approach 100%. The lower the SMAPE value of a forecast, the higher its accuracy.
Overall model quality metric: MASE
The overall model quality metric depends on whether the forecast consists of a single item or multiple items. MASE calculates the model quality for an item across the entire historical dataset and recent data. MASE is an optimal forecast quality metric.
MASE has:
 - Symmetry, where it penalizes positive and negative forecast errors equally.
 - Scale invariance.
 - The ability to handle intermittent data.
Forecast model quality
A forecast with multiple items is a high quality model if at least 60% of the items received a high quality MASE result.
If more than 50% of items resulted in a low quality MASE result, then the overall model is classified as low quality.
Any other results give a medium model quality.


text:
- Recommended for ages 8 and up
- Includes: 1 Game Grid, 60 Challenge Cards, 9 Towers, 1 Target Piece, and 3 Marbles
Requires 3 AA and 3 AAA batteries (not included)
Keep your child entertained and challenged with the Gravity Maze Game. Designed for both beginners and experts, this logic puzzle game can grow with your child as their skills improve. The Gravity Maze is a combination of a marble run and logic puzzle with over 60 challenges ranging in difficulty to help your child develop spatial reasoning and planning skills.


text:
Ultrasonic bath frequency is very important. Before we know the difference between ultrasonic bath frequencies, we should know what the corresponding frequencies mean.
Ultrasonic bath frequency
28KHz refers to the number of vibration per minute, which is 28,000
40KHz is the number of vibration per minute, which is 40,000
In the field of ultrasonic cleaning, the most common frequency one is 40 KHz, one is 28 KHz. Generally, the larger the bubble generated by the low-frequency acoustic wave, the stronger the cleaning force will be. And the more suitable for cleaning the surface, the high frequency sound waves generated by the bubbles are relatively smaller. But there are a lot more bubbles, will be more suitable for the cleaning of high precision products.
Ultrasonic bath frequency with 28KHz is often used to clean large, heavy parts or high density material workpiece.
Ultrasonic bath with 40KHz is usually used to clean smaller, more sophisticated parts, or to remove tiny particles.
At present, the household ultrasonic cleaner, as well as the commercial ultrasonic cleaner used more than 40KHz or 42KHz frequency. Because the machine is relatively small, and considering a cleaning range, 40KHz has much larger cleaning range han 28KHz.
For more information, please contact us freely at _EMAIL_ or visit our website at DK SONIC.


Legal audit of company activities prior tax audit
Every corporate manager or private entrepreneur knows: one sould always be ready for a tax audit. It is likely even if bookkeeping and tax accounting are set up transparently, and tax authorities show no interest in the company.
Legal audit of a company is a kind of "dress rehearsal" of tax audit, the purpose of which is to put in order the primary documentation and reports, prepare reasonable retorts to the tax authorities inquiries in order to prevent additional tax charges and avoid their judicial and administrative claims.
The legal audit of the company, which VigoLex conducts prior tax audit, is as follows:
 1. Checking the legality and validity of the impending tax audit:
 - verifying the legality of administering an unscheduled tax audit, analysis of the prospects of appealing its designation;
 - checking the legality of the company's inclusion to the schedule of tax audits and analyzing the possibility of appealing such decision.
 2. Checking the primary documentation of the company regarding the main transactions:
 - checking the primary documents for the presence of obligatory details (compliance with formal requirements);
 - checking the primary documents for the degree of business transactions detailization (compliance with the content requirements);
 - removal of defects in the primary documentation.
 3. Legal assessment of the existing taxation mechanism of the company:
 - determination of the main factors affecting tax indicators;
 - assessment of the methods for tax payment accounting;
 - legal expertise of the existing tax payment accounting system;
 - preparing reasonable written answers to potential questions from tax authorities.
 4. Briefing by VigoLex lawyers for the director, chief accountant and other employees of the company regarding the tax audit.
VigoLex recommends that business owners do not neglect a legal audit of the company activities before a tax audit. This will help prevent additional tax charges and avoid significant costs of appealing the audit results in court.
Get a consultation
 +38 (068) 520-88-88


text:
Monte Carlo Tree Search-Based Intersection Signal Optimization Model with Channelized Section Spillover
Signal optimization has received significant attentions from the research community. However, during peak hours, the performances of existing models still have room for improvements, especially when channelized section spillover (CSS) occurs. The evolution of CSS is dynamic in nature, not only due to the interactions between traffic flow of different movements, but also because existing CSS influences the queuing process in a channelized section and contributes to new CSS formation at the next cycle. Neglecting such spatial-temporal interaction in current traffic signal optimization procedures may lead to suboptimal results. A Monte Carlo Tree Search-based model is proposed to solve the intersection optimization problem (named MCTS-IO) with explicit modeling of CSS dynamic evolution. The model works in a rolling horizon way. At each decision point, MCTS-IO simulates the intersection by selecting a sequence of phases, and progressively updates the relative preferences of the phases. After all simulations are performed, the phase with the best policy PI is selected. Both the PI and decision space can be customized, which ensures algorithm flexibility. The method is tested against Synchro results with both stable and variable demand, which demonstrates the proposed model is always able to find a solution better than Synchro.
H. Qi and X. Hu, "Monte Carlo Tree Search-Based Intersection Signal Optimization Model with Channelized Section Spillover," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 106, pp. 281-302, Elsevier Ltd, Sep 2019.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Channelized section spillover; Monte Carlo Tree Search; Signal optimization
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.
01 Sep 2019


News Release
Fossils under your feet: Ancient sea cow found in Spanish street
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
Paving slabs
image: Paving slabs were scanned in a medical CT scanner to reveal more about the fossils anatomy. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver view more
Credit: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
SALT LAKE CITY, UT (Oct. 2016) - Have you ever spotted something unexpected while walking down the street? Last December, paleontologists literally stumbled upon a new discovery of a fossil sea cow in a very unexpected place - in a limestone paving stone in Spain! Research presented this week at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah, describes this remarkable find and how it is changing our understanding of sea cow evolution.
The unusual pavement was spotted in the picturesque town of Girona, northern Spain. A local geologist first noticed the fossil and submitted it to the website '', an online database of urban fossils worldwide. As word of the fossil spread, paleontologists Dr. Manja Voss and Dr. Oliver Hampe, from the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, visited Girona to take a look.
Closer inspection of the paving stones by Dr. Voss and Dr. Hampe revealed that the complex array of shapes was slices of the backbone and skull of an ancient marine mammal. Based on the skull and teeth, they concluded that it was a sirenian, or sea cow, a member of a group of large, plant-eating marine mammals represented today by the living manatee and dugong.
Once the significance of the fossil was understood, Dr. Voss and Dr. Hampe worked with the mayoralty of Girona and local geologists to have the 50x30cm large paving stones removed for study. Since the rock was cut into slices to form the paving stones, the paleontologists had a cross-sectional view of the sea cow's skull, revealing many details of its anatomy. However, they also wanted to see inside the stones, so they took them to a medical hospital, the Clinica Girona, where they were CT-scanned.
The scientists discovered that the 'Girona Sea Cow' is most likely a representative of Prototherium, a genus of extinct sea cows from Spain and Italy. However, this find is particularly important because the rocks from which the paving slabs were quarried are 40 million years old, explains Voss. "Hence the find represents one of the oldest sea cows in Europe, making it a unique opportunity to enhance our knowledge on the evolution and diversity of this marine mammal group that arose about 50 million years ago."
Next the scientists will use the CT scans to try to digitally piece together the separate skull slices of Prototherium. This can help them answer more questions, such as the animals' age when it died and its potential relationship to other fossil sea cows.
The Girona Sea Cow, which is providing clues into the evolution of sea cows in the ancient oceans of Europe, shows that fossils can be found in surprising locations. Voss says "While the limestone used to build the city of Girona are enriched by fossils -- it is quite common to identify invertebrates for example--finding a marine mammal on which thousands of people walked over for the last two decades is indeed very peculiar."
Image 1: Scientist Oliver Hampe examines fossil remains of Prototherium in paving stones in Girona, Spain. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver Hampe.
Image 2: The skull of Prototherium exposed on the paving slab, in cross-section, showing parts of snout and tooth sockets. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver Hampe.
About the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Manja Voss
Museum für Naturkunde
Leibniz-Institut für Evolutionsund Biodiversitätsforschung
Oliver Hampe
Museum für Naturkunde
Leibniz-Institut für Evolutionsund Biodiversitätsforschung
Daryl Domning
Howard University, Washington DC.
Jorge Velez-Juarbe
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Lars Werdelin
(SVP Media Response Team)


Change the Wi-Fi network of Chromecast or Chromecast Audio
Chromecast and Chromecast Audio devices can only remember one Wi-Fi network at a time. If you changed your Wi-Fi network and your device isn't currently connected to a Wi-Fi network, perform a factory reset and set up your Chromecast or Chromecast Audio on the new network.
If your Chromecast or Chromecast Audio is connected to an existing Wi-Fi network but you'd like to connect it to a new one, follow the steps below:
 1. Make sure your mobile device or tablet is connected to the same Wi-Fi as your Chromecast device.
 2. Open the Google Home app Google Home app.
 3. Tap your device.
 4. At the top right corner, tap Settings and then Wi-Fi and then Forget and then Forget network.
 5. You'll be taken back to your home screen.
 6. Follow the steps to set up your Chromecast with Google TVChromecast (3rd gen or older) or Chromecast Audio on a new network.
Was this helpful?
How can we improve it?
Need more help?
Sign in for additional support options to quickly solve your issue


Enhance pre-award activities, boost post-award success
Maximize grant research, planning and activity management
Diligent research, detailed planning and comprehensive activity management is necessary to win grant funds and prepare for post-award reporting. Without proper coordination, grant deadlines and goals will not be met.
As a grant coordinator, have you experienced these common frustrations:
 - Difficulty finding the right grants for your organization.
 - Miscommunication on tasks, responsibilities or reporting requirements.
 - Unnecessary time spent managing the grant submission process.
 - Accuracy of budgeting requirements.
 - Problems meeting post-award requirements, such as missed deadlines, communication silos or disorganized information.
Grant management software may be the answer to your challenges. See how AmpliFund can streamline pre-award activities to set the stage for enhanced post-award performance reporting.
Research & planning research-plan
Gain advanced research and planning capabilities
Finding a grant that appropriately aligns with your nonprofit or public sector's needs can be time-consuming. Forgo endless hours sifting through various funding options with advanced research capabilities, such as saved searches and automatic notifications when a grant matches parameters.
Streamlined communications communications
Streamline internal and external communications
Coordinate and monitor activities for every aspect of a grant management between your development and grant offices, and those responsible for grant implementation. AmpliFund does not limit the number of users you can add into the system.
Store all documents and data in a centralized hub so critical information can be accessed with ease. Create clear task workflows so all team members are informed of responsibilities.
In addition, easily collaborate with funders. Create and share budget and performance plans, request contract amendments as needed, and automate grant reporting.
Grant submission grant-submission
Simplify grant submission
Eliminate the need to track and manage grant applications from multiple locations. With AmpliFund, store submission information in a secure, centralized location, and provide automated deadline reminders to each individual associated with the grant.
Post-award oversight enhanced-oversight
Gain enhanced oversight to maximize post-award compliance
Guarantee grants are spent appropriately with enhanced visibility into fund allocation.
Centralize performance data and financial expenditures, so that information is easily accessible for post-award reporting. With enhanced oversight, easily ensure post-award requirements and deadlines are met. Automate report creation with machine-readable data to assure information is accurate and always up-to-date.


text:
Muskie math: World-record story just doesn't add up
Doug Arnold is a widely quoted University of Minnesota mathematics professor when it comes to applying math to everyday problems, such as the odds of winning the Powerball jackpot.
But can he solve the riddle of Louis Spray's disputed world-record muskie?
"The mathematics does not give an absolute resolution to the controversy," said the director of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. "But in my view, it's unlikely the fish is 63 inches."
That clue could tip the scales against Spray, whose 1949 world-record muskie from Wisconsin's Chippewa Flowage has been challenged by an Illinois group. The National Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame is reviewing Spray's record, which is why Arnold was invited to give his unbiased opinion on the controversy.
Arnold said he examined a picture of Spray that was sent to him by Scott Allen, a board member of the Hall of Fame. Spray's fish was reportedly 63½ inches and weighed 69 pounds, 11 ounces. The Hall of Fame recognizes records by weight, but critics of Spray's fish say photo analysis indicates it was much shorter than 63 inches, perhaps even 10 inches shorter.
That would mean the fish would likely fall short of the weight that Spray claimed.
Arnold said the riddle is matter of perspective, a fact he explains at his Web site, _URL_
He said it's impossible to determine the true size of the fish from photos without knowing some important facts, such as how far the camera was from Spray's fish and what type of lens was used. Arnold said a phenomenon known as "projective geometry" distorts the size of the fish, depending upon how far the camera is from it.
Projective geometry is a fancy name for a well-known fact among anglers: The closer the photographer is to the fish, the bigger the fish will appear in a photo.
Without knowing the position of the camera, Arnold said, it's only guesswork as to the true size of Spray's fish.
But Arnold said the maximum length of Spray's muskie could be determined by using simple proportion. Given that Spray was 6 feet tall (72 inches), Arnold said the fish's maximum size appears to be 63 inches, as it appears in the photo next to the angler.
But that would only be the "most optimistic" view, because Spray is holding the fish in front and away from him in the picture.
"Thus, the only conclusion we can draw with certainty is the fish is shorter than 63 inches, perhaps considerably so,'' Arnold reports.
Arnold demonstrates his case on his Web site by holding a 48-inch board in the same manner that Spray holds his world-record muskie. Arnold shows how the board appears much larger than it actually is. Arnold is 2 inches shorter than Spray.
Emmett Brown Jr., executive director of the Hall of Fame, based in Hayward, Wis., said he hadn't read Arnold's report and couldn't comment on it.
He said the Hall of Fame would make a decision on Spray's fish early next year.
Arnold, who lives in Plymouth and likes to fly fish for bass and northern pike, wouldn't speculate how big Spray's fish was. "But if were in an office pool, I wouldn't bet it was 63 inches," he said.
For a man who knows his odds, that's saying a lot.
Chris Niskanen can be reached at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.


Free «The Proper Usage of Quotes» Essay Sample
I can positively say that my life hero is Mother Teresa. This woman is definitely one of the brightest personalities in history. Her life is an example of humanity, kindness and generosity. Because Mother Teresa helped people in spite of what kind of disease they had and what social class they belonged to, not asking them for money. Her kind heart was willing to help all suffering people around, and she did everything what was in her power could to achieve that.
Along with it, she was just an ordinary person, but her deeds made the whole world notice them for they were full of good intentions and spirit of kindness. Just as Shakespeare wrote long time ago:
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
So are the deeds of Mother Teresa, which shine in history of our civilization. The light of her deeds has been spreading until now. It keeps on inspiring people and teaching them good.
 As for me, having Mother Teresa as my hero, I'm trying to make my deeds shine, because I believe that this light can warm people around and make their life brighter.
Explanations of the usage of the quote
In this essay I've illustrated the usage of a quote, picked from the works of Shakespeare. I have used this quote in my essay, because it helps readers to understand the significance of good deeds, in particular Mother Teresa's deeds, in the history of humanity. Also with the help of the metaphors, taken from this quotation, I was able to describe my own feelings more colorfully and make the essay much easier for the reader to understand.
What Our Customers Say
Click here to chat with us


text:
The impact of social class and status on citizenship information need: the results of two national surveys of the population of the United Kingdom.
MetadataShow full item record
MARCELLA, R. and BAXTER, G., 2000. The impact of social class and status on citizenship information need: the results of two national surveys of the population of the United Kingdom. Journal of Information Science, July 2000, 26(4), pp.239-254.
This paper reports the key results of the Citizenship Information research project funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. This research comprised two large-scale surveys of the citizenship information needs of the UK public. The paper focuses upon the detailed analysis and examination of the results as they related to issues of social class and status. The research revealed that social class and status had an impact upon information need and information seeking behaviour, although the pattern emerging was not a simple one. Certain social classes and status groups were not exploiting public library information resources as effectively as they might; equally, certain groups were less willing (or able) to take advantage of new technologies to access information and participate in democratic activities. Those groups most willing to use a range of information sources were more conscious of disadvantage resulting from a lack of information. The paper concludes that there is a real danger of exclusion for certain groups of the UK population and that information policy must reflect an awareness of the most appropriate patterns of information dissemination in order to overcome barriers to access for each of these.


We can work on Blue Ocean Strategy
What is a? What is a red ocean strategy? Explain these from the perspective of
company, competition, costs, and markets.
The authors allude to the fact that most companies borrow their strategic thinking from military models
(see âParadox of strategyâ). How does this model affect perceptions related to competition and customers
and what are the implications for creating value for markets (and employees!)?
Using the âSnapshot of Blue Ocean Creationâ exhibit, list and explain the key success factors for the three
industries (auto, computer, movie theaters).
The authors claim âdemand is created rather than fought overâ in blue oceans. What does this mean? Cite
examples from the article.
Explain the redefined relationship between âvalueâ and âlow costâ in Blue Ocean Strategies. What is the
traditional basis of âcompetitive advantageâ in red ocean strategies?
Sample Solution
Video Games Have Negative Effects on Children GuidesorSubmit my paper for analysis Introduction Playing video games is perceived as an exciting aspect of the media landscape and has experienced much expansion in recent years. There has been a rise in the number of children who use video games in many parts of the world, particularly in the United States (Hagan,et al. 2002).violent video gamesAmong children in the United States, playing hours of video games have increased from 4 hours every week in the 1980s, to about 13 hours per week in recent years. Video games have also taken the attention of the public, particularly by the controversies regarding first person shooter games (Anderson, Gentile & Buckley, 2007). Various studies have shown that violent content in video games desensitizes players, especially children, to real-world violence. When players become desensitized, they tend to increase their aggression and decrease their empathy. Other researchers have indicated that playing video games among children does not lead to significant aggressive behavior, since the magnitude of the effect in the meta-analysis may be an outcome of publication bias. Despite pressure from various societies, many video games contain a considerable amount of violence. Violent games are seen to promote feelings of excitement, satisfaction, and empowerment among players (Hagan, et al. 2002). However, Przybylski et al, carried a study on video games and concluded that the desire and enjoyment for future play were linked to competence and the experience of autonomy in the video game, and not the level of violence. Different scholars have argued about the negative and positive effects of playing video games among children. This research paper will discuss the various effects that playing video games have on children. They impact childrenâs lives socially and they increase violence among children (Sherry, 2001). Background The debate on whether video games have social effects and cause violence among players, especially children, can be traced back to 1976 when a video game entitled Death Race was released on the market. The main aim of the game was to run over screaming gremlins using a car which would then turn into tombstones. The pace of the game was pedestrian and the gremlins resembled human figures. There was a public outcry over this video game and eventually its production ceased. There were other violent video games that were produced later in 1993, such as Night Trap and Mortal Kombat, which were followed by public outcry. In the same year, a board was established in the United States to look into video games and rate them according to their content (Siwek, 2007). The board is known as the entertainment software rating board (ESRB). The other video game that attracted media attention was Rapelay, produced in 2006 (Siwek, 2007). The video game required players to rape and stalk a woman and her two girls. Such video games are said to cause behavioral change among children. There have been several incidents that are linked to video games, such as the massacre at Columbine High School that claimed 13 lives. Laws have been enacted to ban or control the sale of video games. For example, on the 27th of June 2007, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the law in California that banned the sale of video games to minors (Siwek, 2007). The court ruled that the law violated the freedom of speech even though the state has an obligation to protect kids from harm. Another aspect that should be noted regarding video games is that boys spend more time playing than girls. Not many girls are interested in playing video games, hence they are not affected as much as boys of a similar age (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). The Drawbacks of Children Playing Video games Most of the negative effects as a result of playing video games among children can be blamed on the violent scenes contained in these games. When a child spends an extended amount of time playing such video games, they becomes socially isolated. This means that a child does not have enough time to interact with other members of their society (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). The child who spends many hours a day playing video games will have little time to meet and make new friends. They may in turn become more depressed and lonely in their homes. Children will also spend little time on other activities such as sports, reading, and doing homework. The child becomes socially inactive since they do not get involved in social activities. Some video games teach children wrong values (Gunter, 1998). Most of the children who spend much of their time playing video games are likely to perform poorly in school. A solid number of video games are addictive. Rather than studying or completing homework, a child spends time playing video games. As a result, poor performance will be seen at schools. Video games reduce a childâs imaginative thinking as well. This means that a child who ends up spending most of their time playing video games does not get a chance to think creatively or independently. Imaginative thinking is crucial in developing a childâs creativity. By fostering isolation, video games may also affect a childâs health. Since they do not get enough bodily exercise, children who spend the majority of their time playing video games are likely to suffer from video-induced seizures, obesity and skeletal, muscular and postural disorders like tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, among others. Video games promote children to associate happiness and pleasure with the capability to cause pain to others. They develop the feeling that in order to be happy, one has to make other people suffer. Children who play video games tend to develop selfish behavior (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Video games teach the player to be dependent and since the child is often left alone while playing a video game, he or she can develop selfish behavior. A certain study that was done at a Minneapolis-based national institute for media indicated that kids can get addicted to video games and exhibit social phobias. The interactive quality of video games is quite different from passively viewing movies or television. The games allow players to be active participants in the script. The players who are able to benefit from acts of violence are then able to proceed to the next level (Sherry, 2001). As a negative result of playing video games, violence in children has shown an increase. âAnderson and Dill found that males who were high in aggression and irritability, showed the strongest association between video game play and aggressive behaviorâ (Lillian Bensely & Juliet Van Eenwyk, 2001). There are many incidents of violent behavior among children who play violent video games worldwide (Gunter, 1998). One of the high-profile incidents is the Columbine High School massacre that was caused by 17-year-old Dylan Klebold, and 18-year-old Harris Eric. The massacre happened on the 20th of April, 1999, at Columbine High School, located in Jefferson County. 12 pupils and a teacher were killed by two pupils. It was later revealed that the two shooters in the massacre were frequent players of weapon-based combat games. It was also noted that the two shooters used to play Wolfeinstein 3D and Doom, games which are violent. After the incident, many newspaper articles claimed that the key cause of that incident was violent video games. Another incident occurred in April, 2000, when Jose Rabadan, a sixteen-year-old Spaniard, killed his parents and his sister using a katana sword, claiming that he was Squall Leonhart, the main character in the video game titled âFinal Fantasy V111,â on a mission of revenge. This was a consequence of playing the game too much and fantasizing about what he saw in the video game (Williams, & Marko, 2005). In 1997, there was the case of a thirteen year old, Wilson Noah, who was killed by his friend using a kitchen knife. The mother of the deceased claimed that Noah was stabbed because of the obsession his friend had with the video game known as Mortal Kombat. She alleged that the child who killed Noah was obsessed with the game, and thought he was one of the characters in the game named Cyrax. In the game, Cyrax uses a finishing move whereby he grabs the opponent and stabs him in the chest. It was alleged that this was the move that motivated the killing of that child. There are many other incidents that were caused by the effects of playing video games. A report that was compiled by the FBI in the year 2006 showed that the playing of video games among children was one of the behavioral traits linked to school shootings. The report outlined several factors behind school shootings of which playing violent video


text:
For the third year, middle school science teachers from across Ohio came to Otterbein's campus in June to learn new teaching strategies. Approximately 30 teachers from 11 school districts participated in OP2: Operation Physics, a tuition-free, five semester-hour graduate course that combines basic physical science concepts with hands-on materials and activities. It is modeled after a successful program developed by the National Science Foundation. OP2: Operation Physics was made possible this year by a grant of $106,480 from the Ohio Board of Regents.
"Our goal is to produce teachers who are excited and confident about teaching physical science in the middle grades, and who are competent to do so," said Wendy Sherman Heckler, OP2: Operation Physics instructor.
"I anticipate more hands-on activity in my classroom, more asking why, predicting what's going to happen, what's the science behind it," said LeeAnn Hoerle, a fifth-grade teacher for South-Western City School District.
Below is a photo of the event. For more information about OP2: Operation Physics, visit _URL_


text:
Experienced hospitalists and medical directors agree that the key to multiple hospitalist groups coexisting effectively under one roof—whether directly competing or not—is good communication. Effective communication can take time to build.
"Start by working together on something—anything, [such as] a hospital committee of some sort where there's not likely to be much tension," says hospitalist pioneer and practice consultant John Nelson, MD, MHM.
Dr. Nelson practices at Overlake Hospital in Bellevue, Wash., which has a hospitalist group employed by the hospital and another employed by Group Health Cooperative, a nonprofit health system in Washington state. It is important to put some trust in the trust bank, he says, "and that's hard if you have no social connections at all. At my hospital, we enjoy each other's company, we visit each other at lunch, and we even tried to have a journal club." The two hospitalist groups work together on developing care protocols. Dr. Nelson says it also makes sense for the groups' leaders to sit down together on a regular basis and have a venue for discussing important issues and solving problems that may arise.
Other suggestions for hospitalist groups working together under one roof include:
- Clearly define each group's territory. The groups' representatives can go out and try to persuade health plans or physician groups to shift their hospitalist allegiances, but there should be no "trolling" or "poaching" of patients going on inside the hospital's walls. That will only confuse patients and disrupt the hospital's larger service goals.
- Inform the ED and other key staff of your schedules. It's important that everyone know exactly who is supposed to get which patients, and how these referrals get made. But recognize that mistakes happen and, hopefully, these will even out between the groups over time.
- Transparency, honesty, and even-handed treatment of all hospitalists can prevent resentment. Clearly defined guidelines and expectations are helpful. If the policy spells out transfers for an incorrectly referred patient, both sides should be accessible and cooperative with that process.
- Identify areas of common interest and agree to work together on these areas (i.e. competition-free zones). It might be possible, for example, for competing groups to take each others' after-hours call on a rotating basis, with a firm commitment not to steal patients along the way.
- Spell out responsibilities in a way that everyone can agree is fair, such as alternating referrals or taking call on alternating days. For example, if subsidies are paid to more than one hospitalist group, is this done equitably, such as based on the number of hospitalist FTEs or shifts?
- Restrictive covenants and contractual noncompete clauses could become an issue in areas where multiple groups practice. Rather than using overly broad, blanket language, it could be clarified that such pacts apply only to the hospital where the physician currently works, and within a reasonable time frame. But everyone involved should be aware of what these covenants contain and, if they appear unreasonable, don't sign them.


text:
kind for each pair of compatible types. The internal hash table is in part
built at startup (for built-in trivial types such as
etc.), in part filled dynamically (for arbitrarily complex types such
as array types: for example to allow using a C-contiguous 2D array where
a function expects a non-contiguous 2D array).
Selecting the right specialization involves the following steps:
- Examine each available specialization and match it against the concrete argument types.
- Eliminate any specialization where at least one argument doesn't offer sufficient compatibility.
- If there are remaining candidates, choose the best one in terms of preserving the types' semantics.


Python Unit Tests
This article covers briefly how you can run Python Unit Tests against a suite of analytics in Visual Studio 2010 with Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS). Visual Studio 2013 Express edition is much more adapted to Python unit testing. Here we explain how you can circumvent this limitation using a main() method to launch this series of tests.
– Install Visual Studio 2010 (full version), or VS Pro (Community Edition, which is free). You can also install PTVS 2.1 into VS 2013 Express for Web and VS 2013 Express for Desktop editions.
– Install PTVS adpated to your VS version (2013,2013).
– Once you have installed a Python distribution like Anaconda, configure PTVS options as following in VS Tools, Options, Python Tools:
Unit tests Python
Unit tests Python
– Create a a new VS solution with a Python application project (i called it "OptionGreeks")
Python unit test
PTVS New project
– Add your Python environment by right-clicking on your Python project 'Python Environments', in the Solution explorer:
Python Unit Test
PTVS add environment
Analytics library to be tested
The class that we are going to test here is already published in a previous article dedicated to options greeks computation.
Add this.py ( to your project.
Unit tests
Depending on your python distribution, you may have to download the package unittest: right-click on your Python environment and select "Install Python Package".
PTVS Add unittestpackage
Now, add to your solution a.py file (i called it "") containing the following code:
The Python project should look like:
Python Unit tests
If you set to be the startup project, just run it (F5) and you should see in the console window that all tests passed:
Python Unit Tests
Test Results