ISO Containers
An intermodal container or freight container (commonly known as: shipping container or box) is a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products between locations or countries; the terms container or box may be used on their own within the context of shipping. Containers manufactured to ISO specifications may be referred to as ISO containers and the term high-cube container is used for units that are taller than normal.
There are two common standard lengths used to ship wine, spirits and other select beverages, 20 ft and 40 ft standard containers. Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu). An equivalent unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity equal to one standard 20 ft (length) × 8 ft (width) container. As this is an approximate measure, the height of the box is not considered; for example, the 9 ft 6 in (2.9 m) high cube and the 4-foot-3-inch (1.3 m) half height 20-foot (6.1 m) containers are also called one TEU. Similarly, 45 ft (13.72 m) containers are also commonly designated as two TEU's, although they are 45 and not 40 feet (12.19 m) long. Two TEU's are equivalent to one forty-foot equivalent unit (FEU).
Weight (Max Payload)
*Over the road weight restrictions vary state to state so please confirm prior to loading.
Loading Cases
20 ft container: 800 cases or 10 pallets (avg)
20 ft container: 34,000 lbs
40 ft container: 1200 cases or 20 pallets (avg)
40 ft container: 44,000 lbs
Each shipment is unique and depends on product weight, size and whether it is palletized or floor loaded. Averages based on common 750 ml bottles in 12 pack cases.


text:
Designing Participatory Sessions for Large Scale Knowledge Sharing Meetings
This online presentation provides the user with guidance on designing effective, participatory knowledge sharing sessions as a part of large scale knowledge sharing meetings.
The user will:
Learn about important considerations for designing and hosting a 90 minute knowledge sharing session
Identify key participatory techniques to consider using within the session
And identify useful engagement and time management strategies for hosting a successful session

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The human mind has the power to overcome indifference and anxiety by shifting thoughts. By redirecting our attention and ignoring distractions, we realize how minor things can cause great distress. The One Thing explores a path, or way to live with a clearer perspective. Seeking simplicity in a complex world can be achieved and Wayne Holland offers his perspective to change thinking.
The One Thing: The Ultimate Secret gives a straightforward approach to life. This book offers a description of existence, how it came to be, and the future of a very complex development, human thinking. The One Thing maintains that ideas are a natural feature of the universe. Concepts formed in minds follow paths of growth and decay. Ideas come and go just like all other universal events.
The dynamic known as "human thinking" eventually succumbs like stars in the night sky. Thoughts can disappear by shifting your focus into the more significant facet of life. Yet, the day will come where human thinking faces forces that destroy it. Holland discusses the efforts at the time to develop artificial intelligence. The One Thing mentions that AI was the first step along the way that ultimately leads to the end of human thinking.
Peek in on the ultimate secret and view the Contents of this book on the product page. You can find the preview by clicking on Resources and Downloads.
eBook – Kindle, eBook – Apple, Paperback
Green Dragon Books


text: [en] Hydrothermal vent environments, particularly those associated with the vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila, are believed to be among the highest chitin-producing systems. In order to elucidate the chitin cycle in these environments, we estimate the in situ chitin degradation rates of tube-worm exoskeletons. Our in situ experiments show that the tubes of Riftia are highly stable structures. Comparative measurements of the degradation rates of Riftia tubes and crab shells immersed at deep-sea vents show that the tubes would be degraded within 2.5 years, whereas the time for the total degradation of the vent crab (Bythograea thermydron) carapaces would not exceed 36 days. The importance of the microbial participation in this degradation was estimated for Riftia tubes. Based on previous work, we calculated chitin production by a population of Riftia tubes of about 750 g m(-2) year(-1) (763). From our in situ experiments, we estimated a microbial chitinolysis rate of about 500 g m(-2) year(-1) (496) (65% of the chitin produced). Exoskeletons containing beta-chitin appear more stable in natural environments than those containing alpha-chitin and would thus be less available as carbon and nitrogen sources. In contrast, isolated beta-chitin was hydrolysed faster than alpha-chitin during in vitro degradation experiments; for instance, Riftia beta-chitin was degraded about 3- to 4-fold faster than Bythograea alpha-chitin. A stabilization process by disulfide bonds of the proteins-chitin link, rather than the crystalline form of the chitin (alpha/beta), accounts for the resistance of Riftia tubes to enzymatic attacks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Web server protection (WAF) rules
The WAF rules protect applications and websites hosted on physical or cloud-based web servers from exploits and attacks.
Sophos Firewall acts as a reverse proxy, protecting your internal and external web servers. You can create WAF rules for IPv4 traffic.
You can use the WAF rules to specify virtual web servers and translate these into physical servers without configuring DNAT and firewall rules. You can also protect web applications, such as Salesforce and Microsoft applications.
Sophos Firewall offers preconfigured WAF rule templates with specific paths and protection policies for Exchange Autodiscover, Outlook Anywhere (Outlook 2007, 2010, 2013), Outlook Web Access (in an Exchange general rule), Lync, Sharepoint (2010 and 2013), Remote Desktop Gateway 2008 R2, and Remote Desktop Web 2008 R2.
WAF rules are part of firewall rules. To create a WAF rule, you need to add a firewall rule and set the action to Protect with web server protection.
WAF functionality
Sophos Firewall supports HTTPS protocol with SNI (Server Name Indication), allowing you to create more than one virtual web server over the same IP address and port. The WAF rules support wildcard domains.
You can forward URL requests to specific web servers, bind sessions to a web server, or send all requests to a primary web server, using the others as backup servers. Traffic shaping policies added to the WAF rules allow you to allocate bandwidth and prioritize traffic based on a schedule.
Protection and authentication
Protection policies: You can add intrusion prevention and protection policies to the WAF rules. Protection policies allow you to protect web servers from vulerability exploits, such as cookie, URL, and form manipulation. They also protect web servers from application and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. You can specify the filter strength for common threats.
The exceptions you create in WAF rules allow you to skip some types of security checks for the paths and sources you specify.
To prevent slow HTTP denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and enforce TLS version controls, go to Web server > General settings.
Authentication policies: In WAF rules, you can specify the client networks to allow or block. You can also add authentication policies to WAF rules to protect web servers using basic or form-based reverse-proxy authentication. The client authentication settings in these policies allow you to control access to the paths specified in the WAF rule.
Authentication templates: You can upload pre-configured HTML form templates. For customizable HTML and CSS templates, go to the authentication template help page.


text:
Projects & Facilities
About The Database
Programs & Activities
of the Interior
The Fort Sumner Project area was developed by private interests in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and then reconstructed and rehabilitated by the Bureau of Reclamation in the early 1950's. Fort Sumner provides irrigation water for about 6,500 acres within the Fort Sumner Irrigation District, northeast of the Pecos River immediately south of the town of Fort Sumner, New Mexico.
Principal structures are the Fort Sumner Diversion Dam and Ft. Sumner Pumping Plant, the Main and High Line Canals, and several large drains.
Return to top
The rehabilitation plan was designed to provide security for the project area and to utilize its land and water resources to the greatest practical extent. The irrigated area was increased to 6,500 acres by improving drainage and by more efficiently distributing the district's adjudicated water.
The Fort Sumner Irrigation District holds a senior water right for not more than 100 cubic feet per second from the natural flow of the Pecos River. The district's water passes through Sumner Dam and Lake Sumner, formerly Alamogordo Dam and Reservoir, constructed on the Pecos River in 1937 to store water for the Carlsbad Irrigation District. Water is released from the reservoir to the district in amounts equal to the reservoir inflow, but not exceeding 100 cubic feet per second.
Water diverted from Pecos River by the Fort Sumner Diversion Dam, approximately 3 miles north of Fort Sumner, is carried to the land through a main canal and distribution system which was rehabilitated and enlarged by Reclamation.
The dam is a concrete gravity-type with an overflow weir, designed to raise the water surface 11 feet. The overflow section is 650 feet long. The dam is 150 feet downstream from the remnants of a damaged diversion dam that it replaces. The dam also has 2 sluice radial gates and canal headworks structures.
The Main Canal is over 16 miles long and has an initial capacity of 100 cubic feet per second. The High Line Canal is over 8 miles long and has a capacity of 20 cubic feet per second. The pumping plant was constructed at the northwest limit of Fort Sumner to lift 20 cubic feet per second of water from the Main Canal and deliver it to the rehabilitated High Line Canal. In addition, the Fort Sumner Irrigation District has installed a small pumping plant near the southern end of the project which lifts drainage return flows back into the lateral system.
The project is maintained and operated by the Fort Sumner Irrigation District.
Irrigation was begun in 1863 in the valley of the Pecos River near old Fort Sumner, established in 1862. The first irrigators were the Apache and Navajo Indians, held in captivity by United States troops under the command of Kit Carson. In spite of efforts to farm the land, hardships suffered by the Indians were so great that the irrigation experiment on almost 3,000 acres was abandoned in 1868.
The Fort Sumner Land and Canal Co. was formed in 1906 and development of an irrigation system was initiated. The system was sold to the Fort Sumner Irrigation District in 1919. The district had recurring financial and operating difficulties. By 1943, indebtedness was so great and the project works so unstable that further rehabilitation work appeared to be virtually impossible by private financing and construction, and the water users appealed to the Bureau of Reclamation for assistance.
Investigations by Reclamation resulted in the plan for rehabilitating Fort Sumner Irrigation Project that was approved by the Secretary of the Interior on March 13, 1947.
The President approved a congressional act on July 29, 1949 (Public Law 192, 81st Congress, 1st session, 63 Stat. 483), authorizing the project.
Reconstruction was started in January 1950 and was essentially complete in the spring of 1951.
About 6,100 acres are now in irrigation rotation on 242 individual farms. Principal crops produced are alfalfa, corn, grain sorghum, vegetables, apples, and grapes.


text:
1) In modern usage the PECL terminators would be tiny resistor networks.
1a) If the PECL signals are fairly static slow data these may not have to be terminated on a short on-board run. But that leads to the question, why did you convert them to PECL in the first place if they are slow unclocked data?
1b) If the PECL signals are clocks or latch enables etc. you probably want to terminate them.
1c) By Thevenin's Theorem most usual way to terminate PECL will end up being like figure 4 in _URL_
2) One terminator at far end. But it is unusual (see my note below 4) to fan out PECL. If necessary to split a signal multiple ways there are fanout buffers e.g. SY100EP11U, but this would be an unusual use of PECL.
3) Wrong. But note by Thevenin's theorem, a 50 ohm resistor to Vcc-2V, can be replaced by two resistors one to ground and one to Vcc. See 1c above.
Overall note: Today you are most likely to see PECL or LVDS used on board-to-board or assembly-to-assembly interconnect cables. It'll be translated to whatever's used on the board right at the terminator.


Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council (WHBC) is committed to making Welwyn Hatfield a safe place to live where residents and visitors are not adversely impacted by the effects of crime and anti-social behaviour.
The term anti-social behaviour (ASB) can relate to a range of activities from serious criminal activity to communal or environmental nuisance. For the purpose of this strategy we refer to Part 1 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, relating to our responsibilities as a Local Authority and as a housing provider, which defines ASB as being:
(a) conduct that has caused, or is likely to cause, harassment, alarm distress to any person,
(b) conduct capable of causing nuisance or annoyance to a person in relation to that person's occupation of residential premises, or
(c) conduct capable of causing housing-related nuisance or annoyance to any person.
The ASB Strategy will be supported by an ASB Policy and an ASB Action Plan to ensure that the key commitments are delivered operationally within the lifetime of the Strategy.
PDF icon
Published 03/31/2020


text:
ITCT 2001 G-4 Flight Track Map
The map shows the 15 flights of the NOAA G4 aircraft during the 2001 ITCT study. The legend indicates the date when the flight originated in yymmdd (2 digit year, 2 digit month, 2 digit day) format and is color coded.
None of these flights were specifically targeted to study the transport or production of ozone. The science objectives of the flights were those of the annual Winter Storms Study; the measurement of ozone was an adjunct effort. Ozone was measured on 11 of the 15 flights.


text:
XML-Funneling pattern as answer for dealing with complex SAP data structures
In the blogpost 'Architecture Pattern XML-Funneling of complex SAP structures for Duet Enterprise interoperability', I introduced the XML-Funneling pattern as pragmatic approach to handle the Duet Enterprise limitation regarding complex SAP data structures. This Duet Enterprise limitation has 2 origins:
- The SAP NetWeaver Gateway generator tools are not capable of preservering hierarchical structure; their simple execution model is to flatten the SAP structure in the Gateway DataModel.
- The SharePoint BCS UI-controls are not capable of rendering hierarchical structure; their default rendering model is list/row based.
An often-heard misunderstanding is that Duet Enterprise itself, via the foundational layers SAP NetWeaver Gateway and SharePoint BCS, cannot be used to exchange complex data structures between SAP and SharePoint. This is not true. Gateway can expose complex data structures, but currently then requires you to model the interface and data signatures in ESR Builder, and next manually develop the Gateway Mappers. Although in FP1 less cumbersone as in Duet Enterprise 1.0, it is by far not the preferred approach to expose SAP building blocks as Gateway services. SharePoint BCS as integration layer can consume complex external data structures, but the rendering via standard controls is limited to the root level. In case the child levels also must be visualized, you need to develop a custom view that interoperates with the BCS API. This is doable, although a painpoint is that the SharePoint BCS API is weakly typed, and therefore programming against the API is laborsome and error prone.
I invented the XML-Funneling approach to simplify the development process at the SAP side. By mapping the SAP hierarchical structure to an XML string, the Gateway generator tools can be applied: a string is namely a 'simple' type.
On the SharePoint side the XML-Funneling approach does not really make developer life easier. A marked disadvantage is that it requires custom development to deserialize the received XML-structure into a strongtyped data object, before you can next use and visualize the received complex SAP data structure in a SharePoint view.
Trade-off decision whether or not to apply XML-Funneling
A trade-off decision is then whether in the total SAP + SharePoint system architecture and development effort, this front-end side /.NET disadvantage outweights the advantage on SAP side? Is it sensible to abandon the XML-Funneling approach in case of complex SAP data structure? My advice is to still apply the XML-Funneling pattern. Justification herefore are the following considerations.
- SharePoint is the target front-end platform
- Favour out-of-the-box SharePoint above custom development.
- Application of SharePoint BCS; i) for the connectivity handling to external data administrations, ii) for the out-of-the-box UI controls to render external data, iii) and for integration within SharePoint Enterprise Search and FAST.
- Complex data structure is common within SAP data entities
Consequences for dealing with complex external data on SharePoint side
- SharePoint BCS can import complex external data structure
- The out-of-the-box UI controls (ExternalList, BusinessData webparts) do not support visualization of complex data structure
- A dedicated custom webpart can visualize the via BCS consumed complex data structure; by programming against the weakly typed BCS API.
Are there sensible alternatives for XML-Funneling approach?
WCF + DataContracts as alternative for Duet Enterprise to consume SAP data
First, Duet Enterprise is itself a WCF variant: the SAP data is consumed in SharePoint BCS as WCF service endpoint.
Second, on SharePoint side BCS is the limitating factor wrt complex structures, not Duet Enterprise. What if you bypass BCS and directly consume the Gateway Services as WCF endpoints? The result is that you not only loose the added interoperability value of Duet Enterprise: Single Sign-On, Authorization, Logging and Monitoring. But in addition also all of the native values of SharePoint BCS: standard UI-controls to visualize data (not all exposed SAP data is of hierarchical / complex structure), exposal to offline usage, use in SharePoint Search or FAST context.
Conclusion: this alternative is not sensible; it does not comply with the starting-points.
Expose complex SAP data structures via Duet Enterprise into SharePoint BCS
SharePoint BCS is a generic integration layer, usable for arbitrary external administrations: SAP, Siebel, Oracle, SQL-databases, … This transparant interoperability capability is supported through a script-like, weakly typed BCS programming model. Whenever you can operate with BCS imported external data through any of the available standard UI controls, this doesn't impose a problem. The controls abstract the weakly typed BCS programming model. But the standard controls are not able to visualize complex external data structures. For them also in this alternative you are required to custom build a view. Due the weakly typed programming model of the BCS API this is laborsome and error-prone.
Conclusion: this alternative is on SharePoint side an hardly better, programmer-friendly approach for consuming complex BCS consumed data; merely different. At SAP side, the consequence is that you cannot use the Gateway Generator tools/pipeline.
Expose complex SAP data structures as multiple associated simple structures
SharePoint BCS supports the concept of associations between two external content types. As parent-child is a relation, you can use this concept to expose complex SAP data structures through Duet Enterprise into SharePoint BCS.
BCS associations certainly has value, e.g. for master-child data model and UI-formats. But it also suffers from limitations that make it less applicable in other scenarios. For one: the net effect is that to retrieve a single complex SAP structure, multiple invocations from SharePoint to SAP must be done to retrieve the entire structure. And the responsibility for retrieving the entire structure is placed on the front-end side; instead of the data provider side. Another, the standard SharePoint UI controls all operate on a single BCS entity. If in the User Interface Design the 'child' data is directly mingled with(in) the 'parent' data, the standard controls cannot be used.
A Duet Enterprise design time issue is that the SAP Duet Enterprise generators are focussed on a single Gateway datamodel, and have no support for defining associations between 2 datamodels. Usage of BCS associations requires you to afterwards modify the BDC Model that is generated by BDC Publisher to add the associations. Either via SharePoint Designer, but in my experience you will more often than not need to resort to manual modification of the BDC Model. Which is time consuming, and error prone.
Conclusion: associations suffers from limitations and software architecture + performance drawbacks.
Given that you want to benefit from the interoperability values of Duet Enterprise, and that within the exposed SAP business package there are entities with complex structure; XML-Funneling is a feasible approach. Consistent application of the pattern results in recognizable code setups for multiple Duet Enterprise scenarios, on SAP and SharePoint side. And in our experience, it is also possible to develop reusable building blocks for SAP and SharePoint to ease in the application of the pattern.


Nor'west arch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Nor'west arch, as visible from Christchurch, shows a blue belt of clear sky to the west from which high white cloud streams.
The Nor'west arch is a weather pattern peculiar to the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. For this reason, it is also often referred to as the Canterbury arch, although it is visible in both Otago and Marlborough as well as in the Canterbury Region. It is shown in an apparent arch of high white cloud in an otherwise clear blue sky over the Southern Alps, and is accompanied by a strong hot northwesterly or northerly wind simply known as The Nor'wester. Closer to the Canterbury coast, some distance from the mountains of the Southern Alps, it appears as a clear area of blue above the mountains, with white cloud streaming to the east from it. The phenomenon is similar to the Chinook arch seen in the Pacific regions of the United States and Canada.
How Nor'west arches occur[edit]
Typical shot of a Canterbury, New Zealand nor'west arch during sunset
The northwesterly wind in the South Island is a foehn wind. Warm moist air from over the Tasman Sea is pushed up by the presence of the Southern Alps, causing it to cool rapidly. The area to the east of the divide is in the rain shadow of the Alps; much of the moisture is dumped on the West Coast, and is responsible for the temperate rainforests found there. As the air passes over the alps, the water vapour remaining becomes visible in a band of cloud over the mountains at the top of each wave of air. From the perspective of a viewer on the eastern side, this appears as an 'arch' of cloud. The standing wave or arch is caused by the moisture condensing and becoming visible towards the top of the wave and then evaporating again as the air descends to the trough of the wave.
The Nor'west arch can be seen as far north as Amberley and as far south as Central Otago, but it is at its most prominent on the Canterbury Plains, due to the flat and low-lying nature of the land to the east of the mountains.
The Nor'wester can blow at any time of year, but is less common in winter. Many of the strongest northerly and northwesterly winds blow ahead of cold fronts. A front lying across the South Island will often extend from northwest to southeast, reaching northern parts of the West Coast before it reaches corresponding areas on the east coast. The steep air pressure gradient ahead of the cyclonic system associated with a front gives these nor'westers their strength; they will commonly reach gale force and cause isolated damage to trees and buildings.[1] Once every few years, a nor'wester will approach hurricane strength and cause widespread damage.
Nor'westers caused by cold fronts will often change within a day or two to a cool southerly wind accompanied by rain showers, as the front passes through. In mid-winter, a Nor'wester is often followed by a brief but intense cold snap, frequently bringing thunder, hail, or snow which may settle to sea level.
The heat and lack of moisture characteristic of nor'westers play a major role in the intermittent droughts experienced by Canterbury and other regions on New Zealand's eastern coasts.
The Nor'wester has a deep psychological effect on many people subjected to its hot, dry nature. It has been statistically linked to increases in suicide and domestic violence.[3]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "Dunedin homes without water as wind topples trees". Radio New Zealand. 21 December 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
 2. ^ Chinooks, Plains Folk, Prairie Public Broadcasting. Accessed 2007-06-17.
 3. ^ Erick Brenstrum, Canterbury's damaging nor'wester, MetService. Reprinted from New Zealand Geographic No.1 (Jan-Mar 1989). Accessed 2007-06-17.
External links[edit]


Chapter 2: In-App Search
March 2016
Effective and useful app search is crucial for helping app users find what they need. Maximize the value of your app's search features using these principles.
(Continued from Chapter 1: App Navigation and Exploration)
6. Prominently display the search field.
Users with a specific task or need will typically look for a search field. They often prefer this to browsing. Apps that do not have a prominently placed search box can cause user frustration and slow the user down.
In App Search Nugget 1
7. Use effective search indexing.
Ensure that search results are useful. Given the frequency with which users rely on the search feature for specific tasks, they expect it to work as well as Google. Some helpful functions include spelling auto-corrections, recognition of root words, predictive text, and suggestions while the user enters text. These tools can reduce the likelihood of user errors. They will also help speed up the search process and keep users on-task toward conversion.
In App Search Nugget 2
8. Provide filter and sort options.
Users become overwhelmed when their search terms result in seemingly irrelevant and/or too many results. Filter and sort options can help users narrow and organize their results, which otherwise requires extensive (and excessive) scrolling or pagination on a small screen.
In App Search Nugget 3
In App Search Nugget 4
Principles of mobile app design: Download the complete guide


Dad banned from seeing child for 13 years
Updated January 17, 2012 14:20:10
The Family Court has banned the father of a five-year-old girl from seeing his daughter until she turns 18 by ruling that shared care would not work.
After a long legal battle, the court ruled it would be pointless to order shared care of the girl because the mother was determined to ignore court orders and destroy the daughter's relationship with her father.
The court said while it was not in the best interests of the child, the only solution was to ban contact between father and daughter until she turned 18.
The case has been branded by legal experts as one of the most extreme since amendments to shared care legislation in the Family Law Act were introduced by the Howard government in 2006.
Jenni Millbank, a professor of law at the University of Technology in Sydney, says the Family Court needs to consider the relationship between the child and both parents.
"The Family Court has to consider the benefit to a child of a meaningful relationship with both parents and, if they order shared parental responsibility between the parents, they must also then consider whether or not the child would benefit from so-called equal time or, if not equal time, substantial and significant time," she said.
But Professor Millbank says certain circumstances mean some shared care arrangements do not work.
"If a parent is violent or abusive or if they have a very serious mental illness or an addiction, if they are not able to prioritise the child's need over their own needs or if there is such extreme conflict between the parents that the benefit of the relationship is outweighed by the destructive impact of the conflict on the child," she said.
'Fraught issues'
The director of Canberra law firm Farrar Gesini and Dunn, Juliette Ford, says those circumstances existed in the current case.
"There are a number of extremely fraught issues between the parents," Ms Ford said.
"There were allegations of violence between them; there are allegations of abuse in relation to the child; there is evidence of the father's attitude towards the mother, which is negative.
"And then there is also a lot of evidence as to the mother's attitude towards the father, which is also negative."
"The courts have been very careful not to in any way be seen to be complementing, congratulating or condoning the actions and attitudes of each of the parents, and this isn't a case where one should see that the mother has been vindicated in her actions.
"The court has very much made a decision as to what's in the interests of this little five-year-old notwithstanding the actions of her mother in this particular case."
Audio: Mother's refusal sees father banned from contacting daughter (The World Today)
Professor Millbank says the case should not set an unwanted precedent for shared care.
She says it just confirms that the case in question was extreme.
"As Tolstoy says, every family is unhappy in its own special way," Professor Millbank said.
"So there's no such thing really as the death of shared care or a precedent that binds other cases. This sounds like a very extreme and unusual sets of facts and so you're going to get an unusual judgment.
"I think it's very clear that the shared care legislation has set down a pattern of much more shared care. So you can't just say because it didn't happen in this one case that the quotes about the death of shared care, I thought, were just a bit extreme."
High-stakes game
Professor Millbank says parents who simply refuse to deal with each other are playing a high-stakes game.
"There is absolutely that question of kind of thwarting the relationship but that is also a consideration in the legislation," she said.
"The court has to consider the willingness of each parent to facilitate the relationship of the child with the other parent or with other important people.
"So if you just say 'it's over and I hate him now so I don't want the child to see him', then one of the possible outcomes is the child will actually go into the primary care of the other parent."
Ms Ford says the laws have mostly had a positive impact.
"What's happened since those amendments is there's been a greater number of cases where people have been spending more time with their children," she said.
"Some can see that as being a good thing. Some may point to some decisions where that necessarily hasn't been a good thing.
"But what it has caused people to think about is well, my actions and who I am as a person is going to have some relevance towards what orders somebody makes which is in the best interests of my child and it's not about me and what my rights are, it's about what's appropriate for my children.
"That's really what this case struggled with."
Editor's note: (January 17) a related video has been removed as it was inaccurate and lacked balance.
Topics: family-law, family-and-children, courts-and-trials, australia, canberra-2600, sydney-2000
First posted November 24, 2011 18:49:16


text:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Fire and Aviation
|BLM National Fire Operations Fitness Challenge|
The BLM Fire Operations Fitness Challenge provides a common system by which BLM firefighters can measure current fitness, establish fitness goals, track fitness improvement, and receive recognition for their efforts. The fitness challenge encourages and recognizes achievement in physical fitness by BLM firefighters. The fitness challenge is voluntary, but BLM firefighters are encouraged to participate.
The BLM Fire Operations Fitness Challenge tests participants in four basic exercises - push-ups, pull-ups, sit-ups and a timed run of either 1.5 or 3.0 miles. Test results are compiled into a final overall score. Unit and state offices are encouraged to support and recognize achievement in firefighter fitness. The BLM FA Division of Fire Operations will recognize high achievers annually.
Excellent physical fitness is a essential to firefighter performance. Many times the limiting factor on work production in wildland firefighting is individual fitness. Fatigue has been found to be a contributing factor in many accidents, and numerous studies have proven that physical fitness is a good way to mitigate fatigue. The 2006 study, Contributing Factors for Line of Duty Deaths in the United States (Moore-Merrell, McDonald, Zhou, Fisher, and Moore), concluded that 53.9% of firefighter deaths are due to health, fitness, or wellness. Physical fitness has been addressed as a critical job element in wildland firefighting and is tested with the Work Capacity Test (WCT). However, the WCT is extremely limited in scope, testing only cardiovascular fitness.
The BLM Fire Operations Fitness Challenge is voluntary. All participating BLM firefighters must meet the physical fitness requirements, medical examination requirements, and DOI Medical Standards Program requirements pertinent to their ICS position. BLM employees who are not firefighters and/or do not hold an arduous ICS fitness rating may participate provided they complete the Health Screening Questionnaire and have no pre-existing medical conditions.
All entrants should prepare thoroughly for the fitness challenge. Information on proper preparation can be found at _URL_
A medical plan must be in place prior to the test in case first-aid assistance is needed.
The number of assistants should be based upon the number of participants.
Test administrators shall read a description of each exercise (see below) and demonstrate proper form prior to the test.
The individual test exercises are performed as follows:
The test exercises are performed under the following conditions:
All tests will be administered at the unit level and certified by unit fire management. Unit fire managers seeking national recognition for employees should send pertinent results to their state representative to the national fire operations group (FOG). FOG members should forward those results to Mike Ellsworth, BLM Fire Training Unit, no later than July 19.
*NEW* National Level Recognition and Awards
Achievement in the BLM Fire Operations Fitness Challenge will be recognized nationally in the following categories:
State or Unit Level Recognition
Recognition for achievement in the BLM Fire Operations Fitness Challenge will be through a mid-summer Information Bulletin and distributed through the states FOG representatives.
Appendix A - Points Chart PDF
Appendix B - Scoresheet Excel


text:
Tools of the Mind The Vygotskian Approach to Early Childhood EducationAuthor:
Pub Date: 2006
Summary: This unique text provides in-depth information about major concepts and principles of the cultural-historical theory developed by Lev Vygotsky, his students and colleagues, as well as three generations of neo-Vygotskian scholars in Russia and in the West. Tools of the Mind enables teachers to arm young children with the mental tools necessary for learning. Concrete explanations and strategies on how to scaffold young... childrens learning and development are provided throughout the text. These are a product of 15 years of collaboration between the authors and early childhood teachers from diverse programs across the United States, most of which serve children from at-risk populations. Key changes to this expanded edition include: Separate chapters on developmental accomplishments of infants and toddlers, preschoolers/kindergartners, and primary grade children, each followed by a chapter on supporting those accomplishments Additional strategies for supporting children with special needs A new chapter on dynamic assessment as an application of the zone of proximal development Research findings and practical applications from the neo-Vygotskian approach [read more]
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text:
Leaders Performance Advisor Rachel Vickery discusses the importance of front-loading strategies when moving on from failure and setbacks in high-pressure scenarios.
"I often talk about the difference between fixing broken and creating awesome," Rachel Vickery tells the Leaders Performance Podcast.
The performance coach, who guides and supports high performers to excel, lead and thrive in high-pressure and high-stakes environments, is discussing the importance of preparing athletes for the high-pressure scenarios they face in competition.
"You don't need a 'get out of jail card' in the first place if you haven't ended up in jail in the first place," she continues.
"Performance under pressure is less about what happens in the moment of pressure, it's more about 'what have you done?' everywhere else that's led you into that moment."
In the course of our chat, Rachel, a former gymnast who works across the worlds of sport, military and medicine, to name a few, explores:
- The importance of helping athletes to build a buffer and front-loading strategies to deal with human stress responses [6:00];
- The need for awareness and understanding of those stress responses so that athletes don't feel they are 'going crazy' [13:00];
- The role of imposter syndrome in feeding arousal states during competition [23:00];
- Why it is necessary to aim for excellence rather than perfection [28:00].


Children create identities in art
July 3, 2013 | 5:53 p.m. CDT
Nine-year-old Paris Henson's clay fox sits on top of the animals Ethan Rastorfer, 11, made Wednesday to answer the question "'If you were an animal, what would you be?" at the Columbia Art League "'Who Am I" summer day camp at the Calvary Episcopal Church. On the left Ethan created a blue wombat, the arched creature in the center is a unicorn with a robot dog named Buster sitting underneath, and a fire blob on the right.
RELATED STORIES: Budding artists learn techniques at camp


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Indian Coin Recognition and Sum Counting System of Image Data Mining Using Artificial Neural Networks
This paper is to classify recently released Indian coins of different denomination. The is to recognize the coins and count the total value of the coin in terms of Indian National Rupees (INR). The system designs coin recognition which uses by combining Robert's edge detection method, Laplacian of Gaussion edge detection method, Canny edge detection method and Multi-Level Counter Propagation Neural Network (ML-CPNN) based on the coin. In this paper, it is proposed to introduce ML-CPNN approach. The features of old coins and new coins of different denominations are considered for classification.


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Tool Wear in High-Speed Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry for applications requiring high strength at elevated temperature and high mechanical resistance. However, titanium alloys are classified as extremely difficult-to-cut materials owing to their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, which result in the low material removal rate and the short tool life. This paper presents an experimental research of the tool wear patterns and relevant wear mechanisms during high-speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V with cemented carbide inserts. SEM-EDX analysis showed that nose wear and edge wear were the main tool failure modes during high-speed milling process, which were different from the wear patterns under traditional cutting conditions. Adhesion, attrition and diffusion wear mechanisms, as well as the cracks were responsible for the tool wear.
Yingxue Yao, Xipeng Xu and Dunwen Zuo
S. Zhang et al., "Tool Wear in High-Speed Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 375-376, pp. 435-439, 2008


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Proton beam writing
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Proton beam writing (or p-beam writing) is a direct-write lithography process that uses a focused beam of high energy (MeV) protons to pattern resist material at nanodimensions. The process, although similar in many ways to direct writing using electrons, nevertheless offers some interesting and unique advantages.
Protons, which are approximately 1800 times more massive than electrons, have deeper penetration in materials and travel in an almost straight path. This feature allows the fabrication of three-dimensional, high aspect ratio structures with vertical, smooth sidewalls and low line-edge roughness. Calculations have also indicated that p-beam writing exhibits minimal proximity effects (unwanted exposure due to secondary electrons), since the secondary electrons induced in proton/electron collisions have low energy. A further advantage stems from the ability of protons to displace atoms while traversing material, thereby increasing localized damage especially at the end of range. P-beam writing produces resistive patterns at depth in silicon, allowing patterning of selective regions with different optical properties as well as the removal of undamaged regions via electrochemical etching.
The primary mechanisms for producing structures in resist materials is, in general, bond scissioning in positive resists such as PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), or cross-linking in negative resists such as SU-8. In positive resists the regions damaged by protons are removed by chemical development to produce structures, whereas in negative resists the development procedures remove the undamaged resist leaving the cross-linked structures behind. In e-beam writing, the primary and secondary electrons create the scissioning or cross-linking, whereas in p-beam writing the damage is caused by short range proton-induced secondary electrons. The proton fluence required for exposure varies from 30-150 nCmm−2 depending on the resist material, and is around 80-100 times less than that required by e-beam writing. Remark: The unit of the fluence in proton beam writing is usually given in "charge/area". It can be converted into "particles/area" by dividing "charge/area" by the charge of a proton, Q = 1,602·10−19C.
P-beam writing is a new technology of great potential, and both current experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that sub-10 nm 3D structuring is feasible. However, the lack of a user friendly commercial instrument with a small footprint is currently holding back the potentially wide range of application fields in which p-beam writing could make a substantial impact. Hopefully, this will be addressed in the near future.


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Prove that $\ell_1$ is first category in $\ell_2$.
I tried to solve this, but had no idea about the approach. Any suggestions are helpful. Thanks in advance.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Write $F_n:=\{x\in \ell^2,\sum_{j=1}^{+\infty}|x_j|\leq n\}$. Then $\ell^1=\bigcup_{n\geq 1}F_n$. $F_n$ is closed in $\ell^2$, as if $\{x^{(k)}\}$ is a sequence which lies in $F_n$ and converges to $x$ in $\ell^2$; we have for an integer $N$ that $$\sum_{j=1}^N|x_j|\leq\lim_{k\to\infty}\sum_{j=0}^N|x_j^{(k)}|\leq n,$$ which gives $x\in F_n$.
$F_n$ has an empty interior in $\ell^2$. Otherwise, if $B_{\ell^2}(x,r)\subset F_n$, then for each $y\in \ell²$, we would have $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y+x\in F_n$, hence $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y\in F_{2n}$. This gives that $\lVert y\rVert_1\leq C\lVert y\rVert_2$ for an universal constant $C$, which is not possible.
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You are right, my bad. – Martin Argerami Oct 3 '12 at 18:34
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The Baalands flock consists of 38 purebred and crossbred
Katahdin ewes. For the 2013 lamb crop, three rams were used for breeding: a purebred registered Katahdin yearling ram (Phelps) from Triple L Farms (Virginia); a 5/8 Lacaune x 3/8 Katahdin ram lamb (Spooner) from the Spooner Agricultural Research Center (Wisconsin); and a 1/2 Katahdin x 1/4 Hampshire x 1/4 Suffolk yearling ram (B-Ears). The purpose of the current breeding program is to produce purebred registered Katahdins, as well as crossbred lambs of two specific types: Katahdin "Mule" (3/4 Katahdin x 1/4 Blackface) and Katahdin "Dairy" (11/16 Katahdin x 5/16 Lacaune).
The Baalands is a performance-oriented flock, specializing
in the production of replacement ewe lambs and maternal sires. Selection
is on the basis of maternal traits: fertility, prolificacy,
mothering ability, milk production, udder conformation, longevity, and easy-care
(no shearing, good fleshing, minimal deworming, and minimal hoof trimming).
The goal of the Baalands is to raise Katahdins and their crosses for use in profit-oriented sheep enterprises.
Lambs are born in February, March and April and ready to go in June and July. Purebred and crossbred lambs are available. Ram lambs are genotyped for scrapie resistance. Sometimes, a few mature ewes are available for sale after weaning.
Why Katahdins? Katahdins are a medium-sized hair (shedding) sheep developed
in the United States (Maine) in the 1950's. They do not require shearing,
crutching, or tail docking. They are more resistant to internal
parasites (worms) than conventional wooled breeds. Katahdins
excel in reproductive performance, typically producing lamb
crops in excess of 200 percent. They can be crossed with rams
of any breed to produce replacement ewe lambs and market lambs of the desired type.
Katahdin FAQ'S »


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Let $f:A \to B, g:B \to C$. I don't really know how to prove this but I understand what it means.
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Then there exist $a,b$ with $a \neq b$ s.t. $g(a) = g(b)$. $f$ onto means there exist $c,d$ s.t. $f(c) = a, f(d) = b$. But then...
Does that help?


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What can I do about paper feed problems?
Check the following:
- If the the paper jams in the Automatic Document Feeder, make sure the originals are not creased or folded and do not have tape, staples, or other materials that could obstruct the feeder. Load only up to 30 letter-size sheets (up to 10 for legal-size) at a time.
- If paper doesn't feed, remove it from the sheet feeder. Reload it against the right side, behind the tab, then squeeze the edge guide and slide it against the paper. Make sure the paper is not above the arrow mark inside the edge guide.
- If multiple pages feed at once, remove the paper from the sheet feeder, fan the edges to separate the sheets, then reload it.
- If it's wrinkled when it ejects, the paper may be over-saturated or too thin. (If the paper is over-saturated, make sure you select the correct media type in the printer software).
- Make sure you use new, smooth, high-quality paper, that is not curled, creased, old, or too thin. Make sure to load it printable side up.
- Do not load paper with holes punched in it for insertion in a binder.
- Make sure you adjust the edge guide to match the width of the paper.
- If the paper doesn't eject fully, you may have set the wrong paper size. Turn the printer off then on again. The paper should eject completely; if not, open the scanner and remove the paper. Select the correct paper size when you reprint.
- Make sure you don't load more than the recommended number of sheets. If you're printing on both sides of the paper, try loading fewer sheets.
|Paper type||Max. sheets|
|Plain paper||Approx. 100 sheets|
|Epson Presentation Paper Matte||80 sheets|
|Epson Bright White Paper||100 sheets|
|Epson Photo Paper Glossy|
Epson Premium Photo Paper Glossy
Epson Ultra Premium Photo Paper Glossy
Epson Premium Photo Paper Semi-gloss
Epson Premium Presentation Paper Matte
Epson Ultra Premium Presentation Paper Matte
|Epson Premium Presentation Paper Matte Double-sided|
Epson Photo Quality Self-adhesive Sheets
Epson Iron-on Cool Peel Transfer Paper
- If paper jams, select the solution for your problem:
Published: August 29, 2008
Return to Main FAQs Page


Fighting for space
This graphic visualization posted by the Daily Dish depicts the amount of street space taken up by different modes of transportation–bicycle, car, and bus–per person. As this demonstrates, cars are not only a crime against the environment but one could argue, also against the availability of the urban public space, which is so crucial to the vibrancy of cities.
[photo credit and link to entire post on the Daily Dish]


Question: What Does FTA Mean?
What does FTA mean in slang?
from the articleacronym for "from the article." Used on link aggregation and discussion websites (such as and to introduce a quote from the article being discussed.
FTA: The prime minister of….
What does FTA mean in the Army?
Federal Tuition AssistanceFederal Tuition Assistance. Overview. FTA is financial assistance provided for voluntary off-duty education programs in support of a Soldier's professional and personal self-development goals. ( Reference: AR 621-5, Army Continuing Education System)
Can you bond out on a FTA?
A failure to appear charge is a serious infraction in which a commercial bail bond most likely will not be granted. However, if the FTA (Failure to Appear) charge is deemed eligible for a surety bond, finding a bonding company to take on that risk will prove to be a challenge.
Which country has the most FTA?
MexicoMexico offers more Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) than any other country and is a trading partner with more than 50 countries.
What is the benefit of FTA?
Free trade agreements don't just reduce and eliminate tariffs, they also help address behind-the-border barriers that would otherwise impede the flow of goods and services; encourage investment; and improve the rules affecting such issues as intellectual property, e-commerce and government procurement.
What crime is FTA?
FTA in court under PC 1320.5 is charged as a felony. The crime is punishable by: imprisonment in the county jail for up to three years, a maximum fine of $10,000, or.
What does FTA after bail mean?
failure to appear for trialA bench warrant is typically issued in the case of a failure to appear for trial, sometimes abbreviated "FTA." The "bench" is the traditional term for the judge's seat. … Typically, bail on a bench warrant for failure to appear will be enough to cover the fines and court costs for both the original offense and the FTA.
Which country has FTA with India?
India has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:Afghanistan.ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)Bhutan.Chile.European Union (negotiations stalled)EFTA (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) (negotiations stalled)_TAG_.More items…
What does FTA stand for in transportation?
Federal Transit AdministrationThe Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides financial and technical assistance to more than 1,000 local public transit systems that operate buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, trolleys, and ferries.
What is the consequence for FTA or FTP?
What is a Failure to Pay? If you don't pay your fine before the court's deadline, you have failed to pay. A failure to pay may also result in your bail being increased, a $300 Civil Assessment being imposed pursuant to PC 1214, and your case being referred to collections.
What happens when you have a failure to appear?
If you fail to appear in court when ordered, the judge can issue a warrant for your arrest. You could be taken into custody at any time after the warrant is issued. … Once in custody, you may have to stay in jail until a hearing on your failure to appear. Jail sentence and fines.
How long do you go to jail for FTA?
As a misdemeanor, a FTA charge can add six months in county jail and $1,000 in fines to the penalties you are already facing. As a felony, it is punishable by up to three additional years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. What is 'Failure to Appear'?
What does FTW mean?
Is Army an acronym?
The Term Army is an acronym that came about in the17 century in England.
What does RTB mean in the military?
Return to BaseGenerally refers to any service member who is lazy and ineffective, typically those weeks or months away from leaving the military. RTB – Return to Base.
What does FTA stand for in medical terms?
What are FTA countries?
Free Trade AgreementsAustralia.Bahrain.Canada (included in the North American FTA [NAFTA])Chile.Colombia.Costa Rica (included in the Dominican Republic – Central America FTA [CAFTA-DR])Dominican Republic (included in CAFTA-DR)El Salvador (included in CAFTA-DR)More items…
What charge is FTA?
"FTA" – Failure to Appear. A criminal defendant has failed to appear at his hearing and the judge has issued a warrant for his arrest so that he may be brought before the court. When you see an FTA and FTP on the arrest report, the underlying charge usually follows.
How long does a FTA stay on your record?
Any hit and run or DUI points take 13 years to come off your records and a failure to appear in court will stay on your record for 5 years. Different penalties are associated with different infractions and violations.
What does FHx mean in medical terms?
family historyFHx. family history (in medicine, meaning specifically the medical histories of family members and ancestors)
What does FTA eligible mean in court?
Failure To AppearWhat Is A Failure To Appear (FTA) Charge? When a person is obligated to show up for court for any reason, but does not appear, the judge may choose to issue a warrant for their arrest, known as a Failure to Appear or an FTA Bench Warrant.


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Asset Diversification Versus Climate Action
64 Pages Posted: 16 Jun 2020
Date Written: June 2020
Asset pricing and climate policy are analyzed in a global economy where consumption goods are produced by both a green and a carbon-intensive sector. We allow for endogenous growth and three types of damages from global warming. It is shown that, initially, the desire to diversify assets complements the attempt to mitigate economic damages from climate change. In the longer run, however, a trade-off between diversification and climate action emerges. We derive the optimal carbon price, the equilibrium risk-free rate, and risk premia. Climate disasters, which are more likely to occur sooner as temperature rises, significantly affect asset prices.
Keywords: asset prices, carbon price, Climate finance, decarbonization, disaster risk, Diversification, green assets
JEL Classification: D81, G01, G12, Q5, Q54
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


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An alternative approach to the problem of too many crystals in a drop is reduce the number of nucleation events. This can be done by using an additive to
'poison' nucleation: ethanol and dioxane are often used as additives for
this purpose. Alternatively, the precipitant concentration can be
reduced after a time, so that there is initial nucleation period and
then a growth period in the metastable zone. Finally, the number of
sites for nucleation can be reduced using a 'containerless'
crystallisation method, such as that provided in our Gelled Surface
Crystallization™ kit. In this case the protein drop sits between gel and
oil removing the possibility of nucleation on the vessel wall.
Page 1 of 1


Custom color themes
Choose an overall color theme for the Notes interface. Customize colors for specific parts of the interface.
 1. Click File > Preferences. Click Fonts, Colors, and Themes.
 2. With IBM Theme selected, click Customize Theme.
 3. To choose a new color theme, click the color box next to Choose your theme and select a color. Or, keep the default theme.
 4. To adjust the color theme for individual components in Notes, expand a component and select new colors.
For example, customize colors for the navigator:
Example of selecting custom colors for the navigator.
Example of custom colors in the navigator.


the truth in 100 words
Image by VIRGINIA THOMSEN from Pixabay
"The truth will set you free, but not until it's finished with you." David Foster Wallace
Have choices you made in the past led to consequences that are still working themselves out?
When you look back on those turning points, have you felt that the truth was right there but you missed it? Or that you persuaded yourself not to believe it?
Regret can can be a motivator for change, and can facilitate our journey to truth.
Writing helps.
writing prompt: in 100 words, write a story in which the main character makes a choice with regrettable consequences before believing what has always been true.


How to calculate the weighted average in Excel
Posted on: 03/13/2017
How to calculate the weighted average in Excel
Need to calculate the weighted average for work or school? There are two ways to do it but the easiest is to use the sumproduct function in Excel. It is easy to calculate the average. Just use the average function in MS Excel which will show you the calculated "central" value of a set of numbers.
What do you do when some values have more weight than others? An example would be if we shipped 140 units of Product A that cost $5 each, and 10 units of product B that cost $125 each. The average cost is $130 / 2 = $65, but the weighted average cost is $13. Who uses the weighted average? A lot of teachers and professors use a weighted average for their classes. Some assignments are not weighed as much as a test, and some tests aren't weighted as much as the final exam.
Weighted average
Sumproduct Function
With the sumproduct function, you are multiplying all the grades times their respective weight and totaling them, then dividing by the total weight to get the weighted average. So the image on the left would be =B4*C4, B5*C5, B6*C6, etc…Total those numbers and divide by the total of the weight.
The Microsoft Excel SUMPRODUCT function multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results.The SUMPRODUCT function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a Math/Trig Function. It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the SUMPRODUCT function can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
Video for weighted average
Excel file for weighted average
Feel free to download the weighted average Excel file chris_menard_weighted_average
Microsoft Office Sumproduct webpage
Chris Menard


text:
Volume 2, Issue 10 (November 2005)
A Review of Climate Loads Relevant to Assessing the Watertightness Performance of Walls, Windows, and Wall-Window Interfaces
When assessing a wall assembly's ability to manage rainwater and control rain penetration, the two key climatic elements to consider are wind speed and rainfall intensity. However, of significance to rain penetration is the effect of wind-driven rain on the building cladding — that is wind coincident with rainfall. When water is present at openings in the cladding, water is driven into the layers of the assembly by the action of wind. Paths providing a direct line from openings in the cladding to inside the assembly offer particularly vulnerable points for water entry. Performance testing helps determine the location of vulnerable locations in a wall assembly and the test loads at which penetration occurs, and it possibly relates the amount of entry to specific details and simulated climate effects. Undertaking watertightness performance tests requires knowledge of extremes in wind-driven rain or specifically the occurrence and level of extreme rainfall events for locations of interest. A review of climate information on wind-driven rain is provided, and its relevance to assessing the watertightness performance of walls, windows, and wall-window interfaces is discussed. Values of rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency or occurrence are given, emphasizing the level of significance of these variables to different North American climates.


IMG 9590 crop
Wood mosaic 4
IMG 9782
IMG 9083
MG 3035
Wood-mosaic has a long history in the Levant, and it is of particular significance to artisans in Damascus. It is often created using a number of different woods, such as walnut, olive, eucalyptus, cherry, lemon, and rose woods. Mother-of-pearl can also be used. The woods are cut into strips and fitted together to create a design, forming long trunks stored by artisans for future pieces. The artisan will select the trunk to use and slice it, and this slice will then be inlaid into wood to create a geometric design. Detailed and intricate wood-mosaic has now all but disappeared as artisans produce less complex designs. In Jordan, a small community of wood-mosaic artisans are practising and preserving the craft by passing their knowledge to a new generation of apprentices.


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Banana rots the fastest in both room temperature and refrigerator and the apple rots the slowest in room temperature and refrigerator. This means that the bananas don't last really long before they rot and the apple lasts along time before it rots. That will be Bananas and pears.
- 1 What fruit molds the fastest?
- 2 Why does a banana rot faster than an apple?
- 3 What fruit browns the fastest?
- 4 What causes fruit to rot faster?
- 5 How fast does a banana mold?
- 6 Why does a banana grow mold?
- 7 Why should you not put bananas with other fruit?
- 8 Can you ripen an apple?
- 9 Why do avocados ripen next to bananas?
- 10 What is the fastest rotting food?
- 11 What browns faster apple or banana?
- 12 Why do Granny Smith apples turn brown?
- 13 Why does fruit get moldy?
- 14 What causes an apple to rot?
- 15 What will happen if fruits are damaged?
What fruit molds the fastest?
What foods grow mold the fastest? Fruits/Vegetables As moisture allows bacteria to breed, juicier fruits and vegetables, such as peaches, plums, tomatoes and cucumbers, are more likely to get moldy quicker than are those with harder peels and rinds, such as bananas, apples, peppers and squash.
Why does a banana rot faster than an apple?
Bananas ripen faster than apples because they are more sensitive, as they have softer cellular tissues. This also speeds up ripening, which if allowed to continue for too long a period, they will rot.
What fruit browns the fastest?
Once exposed to oxygen, enzymes in the apple begin converting natural chemicals called polyphenols into 'melanin', an iron-containing compound that gives the flesh a brown, rusty colour. The reaction happens quickly, and so a sliced apple can start to turn brown in only a few minutes.
What causes fruit to rot faster?
Some of the primary culprits are air, moisture, light, temperature, and microbial growth. Most fruits and vegetables spoil easily because of damage caused by microorganisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and molds need water and nutrients for growth, energy and reproduction.
How fast does a banana mold?
My original question was "Which Fruit does Mold Grow the Fastest on?" From my experiment I found out that the banana grows mold the fastest, with a time of 6-7 days, then the orange with a time of 7-9 days.
Why does a banana grow mold?
Because bananas are soft inside and out, they are susceptible to certain threats that make them unusable. Your bananas may also start to mold as they rot, so look for spores on the surface of the peel. Mold on a banana peel looks similar to the mold on bread, and if you see it, the bananas have to be thrown away.
Why should you not put bananas with other fruit?
There's a reason why you should keep apples or bananas separate from other fruit. These two — and others — produce large amounts of ethylene gas, the so-called "fruit ripening hormone." As they reach maturity, their ethylene levels increase, according to the University of Maine Extension.
Can you ripen an apple?
The bottom line: Apples don't ripen nor improve in quality at home after they're picked. You may have seen on another website that apples will ripen after being picked. This leads many consumers to the (false) belief that if they have unripe apples at home, they can let them ripen on the counter or in a cool place.
Why do avocados ripen next to bananas?
Many ripening fruit produce the hydrocarbon gas ethylene as they ripen, which itself triggers more ripening. Bananas are especially productive sources of the gas, and putting one that's in the process of going brown next to apples, pears or hard avocados will greatly speed up their ripening.
What is the fastest rotting food?
20 Foods That Spoil the Fastest
- Green Beans.
What browns faster apple or banana?
I was right that the apples turn brown faster because, when apples been cut open air rushes in to the apple to make it age after just about several minutes. Bananas on the other side doesn't turn brown that fast because it is less likely to age. 34min. 35min.
Why do Granny Smith apples turn brown?
When an apple is cut, enzymes (and iron in the apple) chemically react with oxygen. The fruit quickly begins to oxidize, and its flesh turns brown.
Why does fruit get moldy?
Mold often grows on fruit because the conditions are just right to culture the spores. Since fruit is moist, it is ground zero for harboring this microscopic fungi. Fruit provides the nutrients and moisture for mold to thrive. Mold spores, in this case, usually travel through the air and land on the fruit's surface.
What causes an apple to rot?
Apples turn brown because of a chemical reaction called "oxidation", which is caused by oxygen from the air. Oxygen is one of the most reactive chemicals known, and there are many kinds of oxidation reactions. The fridge does not stop chemical reactions, so bacteria will still rot the food eventually.
What will happen if fruits are damaged?
It also turns fruit and vegetables brown. When fruit tissue is damaged because of heat, cold, age or mechanical stress, its cells break open and the phenolic compounds and the enzyme are released and mix with oxygen in the air. As a result the damaged tissue turns brown almost immediately.


Orchestrator Quick Tip: What's the Maximum Size of Parameters?
I see this question on internal discussions list every now and then, so I thought I'd answer it here to be helpful.
The question was:
Is there a maximum length for string parameters in the Initialize Data activity?
And if the answer is "yes" – what would the maximum length for string parameters be?
Let me answer the question by showing you the various points where data transfer occurs and the limitations applied at each point.
The maximum size for any data being passed along the databus is 2GB. This is because the OBJECTINSTANCEDATA table stores the value in a field sized to nvarchar(max). Of course, I would never recommend that you try to use 2GB strings as parameters to anything since the performance is likely to suffer quite a bit.
That said, the individual activities may impose smaller field sizes than this maximum. For instance, when you use an "Initialize Data" activity to start a runbook, and the runbook is started either via the Orchestration console or the web service, Initialize Data doesn't impose any size limits, so you could allow up to 2GB per property value. However, if you use the "Invoke Runbook" activity to start the same runbook, the "Invoke Runbook" activity imposes a limit of 2000 characters on any parameter value. Likewise, the "Write to Web Page" activity imposes a 2000 character limit on most properties, except the "Text" property allows the maximum amount, while the "Write to Database" activity limits most properties to 500 characters, while allowing 4000 characters for the database query data.
One special note about activities created using the Integration Toolkit. All of these activities are generic and are stored in the QIKOBJECT table. For these activities, all of the properties are stored in XML format in a single field named ExecutionData, which is an ntext field. According to MSDN, an ntext field can store 2^30 – 1 (1,073,741,823) characters, or 1GB. So keep that in mind when creating or using Toolkit-based activities… don't go creating activities that have multiple properties that will store huge amounts of data because the combined set of properties (plus the XML surrounding them) can't be over 1GB.
These size limits are not meant to be restrictive, but to help ensure reasonable size growth in the database. Most of the time, the data you use is Published Data which is essentially an internal hyperlink to the data from a previous activity. It doesn't copy the data over and over, replicating a bunch of wasted space along the way. In this case, the text length is actually short, even though the data behind it could be huge because each activity (Initialize Data included) could have that 2GB value availability. Then again, this is really only what is stored in the database. If you choose not to save any activity-specific published data (set via the runbook properties page), then this info is saved only during runbook execution and then discarded, so it doesn't end up bloating your database.
So the answer for the general question of "how big can parameters be?" is … "it dedends". It depends on the individual settings (field sizes in the DB) for each activity, but generally it can be as high as 2GB.


text:
Can you measure how chip something is? People don't even seem to be able to agree on what chip music is anyway, so how can you begin to measure something when you dont even know what you are measuring? Maybe someone could do some graphs with data or something.
I don't know but 8GB can because this is 85/90% with Protracker 2.3 on Amiga. It is maybe a bit vague for me but given the circumstances, what can you do?
Another great little something for people who don't like chipmusic that sounds like unicorns ejaculating rainbows into your ears.


ASP.NET Core has adopted a new routing scheme called Endpoint since version 2.2, which is not much different from the original scheme, but the internal operation is quite different. The previous article introduced the operation mechanism of the original routing scheme in detail. This article still uses a picture to understand the new version of the operating mechanism, and finally summarizes the similarities and differences between the two.
1 Overview
This scheme starts from version 2.2 and is called endpoint routing ( hereafter referred to as "new version" ). It is enabled by default. If you want to use the original scheme ( <=2.1, the original version is called below ), you can use AddMvc. Make settings
services.AddMvc(option=>option.EnableEndpointRouting = false).SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
EnableEndpointRouting defaults to true, which means that the new Endpoint scheme is enabled. If set to false, the legacy (<=2.1) routing scheme is used.
In terms of configuration method, the system is still configured in use.Mvc() in Startup. In fact, the internal processing middleware has been changed from the original RouterMiddleware to EndpointMiddleware and EndpointRoutingMiddleware. The following still passes a picture. Take a detailed look at the picture.
2 the process and analysis
1. Initial configuration of the route (the first two lanes of the figure)
1 Everything is still starting from Startup, and like the old version, it is configured by UseMvc method, and one or more configurations such as routes.MapRoute(…) are not mentioned.Let's focus on the following process, take a look at the UseMvc method in MvcApplicationBuilderExtensions:
public static IApplicationBuilder UseMvc(
 this IApplicationBuilder app,
 Action configureRoutes)
 var options = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService>();
 if (options.Value.EnableEndpointRouting)
 var mvcEndpointDataSource = app.ApplicationServices
 var parameterPolicyFactory = app.ApplicationServices
 var endpointRouteBuilder = new EndpointRouteBuilder(app);
 foreach (var router in endpointRouteBuilder.Routes)
 // Only accept Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Route when converting to endpoint
 // Sub-types could have additional customization that we can't knowingly convert
 if (router is Route route && router.GetType() == typeof(Route))
 var endpointInfo = new MvcEndpointInfo(
 route.Constraints.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => (object)kvp.Value),
 throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot use '{router.GetType().FullName}' with Endpoint Routing.");
 if (!app.Properties.TryGetValue(EndpointRoutingRegisteredKey, out _))
 // Matching middleware has not been registered yet
 // For back-compat register middleware so an endpoint is matched and then immediately used
 return app.UseEndpoint();
2 Line 6, where the value of EnableEndpointRouting is set and judged. If it is false, the old version is used. See the previous article for details. The value is true by default, that is, the new version is used.
3 Corresponding to the 9th line, MvcEndpointDataSource is a very important role in the new version of the route. In the startup initialization phase, it completes the routing table storage and conversion. Here, first mark it with color, let's remember it, in the following process. Detailed in the introduction.
4 corresponds to the 16th line, like the old version of RouteBuilder, here will be a new endpointRouteBuilder, both of which are an IRouteBuilder, so also call the configureRoutes (endpointRouteBuilder) method (that is, the configuration in the startup) to get a collection of Route (IList ) is assigned to endpointRouteBuilder.Routes. Here is a special place to note if (router is Route route && router.GetType() == typeof(Route)), that is, only route type is accepted here, and the endpoint routing system IRouter-based extensibility is not supported, including inheritance from Route.
5 Corresponding to the 20th line, the endpointRouteBuilder.Routes just obtained is traversed, converted into a set of MvcEndpointInfo, and assigned to mvcEndpointDataSource.ConventionalEndpointInfos.
6 After that, the middleware is plugged into the pipeline. The processing middleware here is changed from the original RouterMiddleware to EndpointMiddleware and EndpointRoutingMiddleware.
 2. Processing of the request (the last two lanes of the figure)
Most of the functions of the request are in the middleware EndpointRoutingMiddleware. He has an important attribute _endpointDataSource to save the MvcEndpointDataSource generated in the initialization phase above, and the middleware EndpointMiddleware function is relatively simple, mainly after EndpointRoutingMiddleware filters out the endpoint and calls the endpoint. The endpoint.RequestDelegate(httpContext) handles the request.
7 The InitializeAsync() method is mainly used to call InitializeCoreAsync() to create a matcher. The code of this method shows that it is only executed once when the first request is made.
private Task InitializeAsync()
var initializationTask = _initializationTask;
if (initializationTask!= null)
return initializationTask;
return InitializeCoreAsync();
8 MvcEndpointDataSource An important method, UpdateEndpoints(), is to read all actions and match this action list with its ConventionalEndpointInfos list (see 5) to generate a new list. As shown below, we only configure a route such as "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}" by default. The default HomeController has three actions, adds a controller named FlyLoloController and adds it. An action with attribute routing finally generates 7 Endpoints, which is a bit like the "product" of routing and action. Of course, here is just a simple example with the default program. There may be more routing templates registered in the actual project, there will be more Controller and Action, and attribute routing.
The specific code is as follows:
private void UpdateEndpoints()
 lock (_lock)
 var endpoints = new List();
 StringBuilder patternStringBuilder = null;
 foreach (var action in _actions.ActionDescriptors.Items)
 if (action.AttributeRouteInfo == null)
 // In traditional conventional routing setup, the routes defined by a user have a static order
 // defined by how they are added into the list. We would like to maintain the same order when building
 // up the endpoints too.
 // Start with an order of '1' for conventional routes as attribute routes have a default order of '0'.
 // This is for scenarios dealing with migrating existing Router based code to Endpoint Routing world.
 var conventionalRouteOrder = 1;
 // Check each of the conventional patterns to see if the action would be reachable
 // If the action and pattern are compatible then create an endpoint with the
 // area/controller/action parameter parts replaced with literals
 // e.g. {controller}/{action} with HomeController.Index and HomeController.Login
 // would result in endpoints:
 // - Home/Index
 // - Home/Login
 foreach (var endpointInfo in ConventionalEndpointInfos)
 // An 'endpointInfo' is applicable if:
 // 1. it has a parameter (or default value) for'required' non-null route value
 // 2. it does not have a parameter (or default value) for'required' null route value
 var isApplicable = true;
 foreach (var routeKey in action.RouteValues.Keys)
 if (!MatchRouteValue(action, endpointInfo, routeKey))
 isApplicable = false;
 if (!isApplicable)
 conventionalRouteOrder = CreateEndpoints(
 ref patternStringBuilder,
 suppressLinkGeneration: false,
 suppressPathMatching: false);
 var attributeRoutePattern = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(action.AttributeRouteInfo.Template);
 ref patternStringBuilder,
 nonInlineDefaults: null,
 dataTokens: null,
 allParameterPolicies: null,
 // See comments in DefaultActionDescriptorCollectionProvider. These steps are done
 // in a specific order to ensure callers always see a consistent state.
 // Step 1 - capture old token
 var oldCancellationTokenSource = _cancellationTokenSource;
 // Step 2 - update endpoints
 _endpoints = endpoints;
 // Step 3 - create new change token
 _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 _changeToken = new CancellationChangeToken(_cancellationTokenSource.Token);
 // Step 4 - trigger old token
The essence is to calculate a request endpoint that may be requested, that is, an Endpoint. Thus, as in the previous article, I want to customize a handler to handle special templates (such as routes.MapRoute("flylolo/{code}/{name}", MyRouteHandler.Handler);) will be ignored, because It can't generate Endpoint, and this way can be customized by customizing a middleware, no need to mix in the route.
9 is to use the Matcher generated above, carry the Endpoint list to match the request URL, and assign the matching Endpoint to the feature.Endpoint.
10 Get the feature.Endpoint, if it exists, call its RequestDelegate to process the request httpContext.
3 the new version and the old version of the similarities and differences summary
Briefly talk about the difference between the two versions from the two stages of application startup and request processing:
1. Start-up phase:
Most of the stages are similar. They are configured with a routing table by Startup's app.UseMvc() method, a Route collection of Routes(IList), and then simply convert it.
<=2.1: Converting Routes to RouteCollection
2.2+ : Convert Routes to List


Hair Testing for Drugs & Alcohol
We work with one of the UK's leading testing laboratories to provide hair sample analysis
Hair testing for drugs and alcohol is used by individuals, workplaces, social care agencies, family and criminal law, education and government sectors.
How does hair testing work?
When ingested into the body, alcohol and drugs produce specific chemical markers in the body called metabolites. These markers are passed into the hair, which then acts as a record of a person's alcohol or drug use over time. The presence of these metabolites helps to prove that the compound was ingested by that person.
Hair grows at approx. 1cm per month, so when tested in a laboratory each 1cm of hair sample represents 1 month of metabolites. This is why hair testing is able to provide such a large window of detection; assessing drug use as far back as 6 months and alcohol as much as 2 years.
The time frame of detection required dictates the amount of hair required for the sample. For example, if you need to assess drug use in the past 4 months, then 4 cm of hair will need to be analysed with the laboratory.
As hair takes around 7 days to grow out of the scalp, this is the minimum time frame a hair test can detect. It may therefore be necessary to use hair testing in conjunction with other methods, like oral fluid (saliva) testing.
Advantages of hair testing:
 - Very difficult to cheat
 - Indicates history of alcohol or drug use over weeks and months
 - Highly accurate and reliable
 - Simple non-invasive collection
Disadvantages of hair testing:
 - Hair tests cannot precisely determine the quantity of substances used by the donor
 - Samples cannot indicate substance use less than 7 days after the incident
How does hair testing for alcohol work?
The metabolites associated with alcohol consumption are ethyl glucorinide (EtG), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). These biomarkers are recognised as direct and specific markers of ethanol.
Ethyl Glucorinide (EtG) is produced through non-oxidative metabolism in the liver and through a reaction that is catalysed by isoenzymes. EtG appears in blood less than 45 minutes after alcohol consumption, and in urine in less than 60 minutes. EtG also accumulates in the hair and this allows for a larger window of time for alcohol consumption detection, enabling EtG to be used as a long-term alcohol marker.
EtG testing is the most reliable hair test when determining the levels of alcohol consumed. The EtG test is designed to show a change in pattern of alcohol consumption. From the time that an individual stops drinking, the levels of EtG in the hair decreases in a linear pattern over 3-6 months. However, there are a number of studies that show chemical treatments and bleaching reduce the levels of EtG from the hair, therefore the results should be interpreted carefully.
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) hair testing is designed to show a long-term (10 months to 2 years) alcohol consumption habit. It is important to note that from the time an individual stops the consumption of alcohol, the levels of FAEE can rise, before dropping 6-9 months after abstinence has commenced. Regular use of hair cosmetics that contain alcohol can strongly increase FAEEs in hair, which can influence the results to show excessive alcohol consumption.
A basic level of FAEE is measured in everyone's hair, even of those who are teetotal. FAEE and EtG complement one and other with respect to their different sensitivity to hair cosmetics, for example, false positive FAEE results due to use of hair cosmetics containing ethanol would not be confirmed because the same specimen would have a negative EtG result.


text:
Adolf Bernhard Christoph Hilgenfeld (2 June 1823 – 12 January 1907) was a German Protestant theologian.
He was born at Stappenbeck near Salzwedel in the Province of Saxony.
He studied at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin and the University of Halle, and in 1890 became professor ordinarius of theology at the University of Jena. He belonged to the Tübingen school. Fond of emphasizing his independence of Ferdinand Christian Baur, he still, in all important points, followed in the footsteps of his master; his method, which he is wont to contrast as Literarkritik with Baur's Tendenzkritik, "is nevertheless essentially the same as Baur's."
On the whole, however, he modified the positions of the founder of the Tübingen school, going beyond him only in his investigations into the Fourth Gospel. In 1858 he became editor of the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie. Hilgenfeld died in Jena in 1907, aged 83.
- Die elementarischen Recognitionen and Homilien (1848)
- Die Evangelien and die Briefe des Johannes nach ihrem Lehrbegriff (1849)
- Das Markusevangelium (1850)
- Die Evangelien nach ihrer Entstehung and geschichtlichen Bedeutung (1854)
- Das L'nchristentum (1835)
- Jüd. Apokalyptik (1857)
- Novum Testamentum extra canonem receptum (4 parts, 1866; 2nd ed., _PHONE_)
- Histor.-kritische Einleitung in das Neue Testament (1875)
- Die ketzergeschichte des urchristentums, urkundlich dargestellt (1884)
- Acta Apostolorum graece et latine secundum antiquissimos testes (1899)
- the first complete edition of the Shepherd of Hermas (1887)
- Ignatii et Polycarpi epistolae (1902).


text:
If someone were to read this article to you, the sentence "John had to bale out of his convertible because a bail of hay was about to fall on it" would sound perfectly fine. Even if you were to read that sentence yourself, it's possible you could miss the two spelling mistakes in it. This is because bail and bale are homophones—they sound the same, and you can usually figure out their meanings from the context in which they are used. But when it comes to writing them, people are very often confused about which spelling should be used for which meaning.
In the sentence where John was about to learn that hay fever isn't the worst thing hay can do to you, we've used bail and bale incorrectly. Or did we? Here are the most common uses of the words: Bale is a large bound stack of material, such as hay or leather; Bail is the security deposit that's paid if someone who's been temporarily released from jail pending a trial doesn't appear in court.
While bale and bail don't share many of their meanings, they do overlap in one sense—the phrasal verb "bail out." If you wanted to say that someone had to jump out of an airplane using a parachute, run from a dangerous situation, or help someone in need, you could write "bale out" instead of "bail out" if you were using British English.
Bale and How to Use It
The word bale, as we know and use it today, is what you get when you take a large quantity of material, such as hay, and bind it together:
One day Samuel strained his back lifting a bale of hay, and it hurt his feelings more than his back, for he could not imagine a life in which Sam Hamilton was not privileged to lift a bale of hay. —John Steinbeck, East of Eden
The verb we use for the process of binding material to create a bale is also bale:
Typically, knives need sharpening every 500 to 1,000 bales, depending on the material baled, and it is important to sharpen them correctly if they are to stay the course. —The Irish Independent
In the past, bale was also a noun that meant great evil, woe, or sorrow. The traces of that meaning can still be found today in the adjective baleful:
For the enemy is not Troll, nor is it Dwarf, but it is the baleful, the malign, the cowardly, the vessels of hatred, those who do a bad thing and call it good... —Terry Pratchett, Thud!
In British English, bale can be used instead of bail in the phrasal verbs "bail on" or "bail out:"
Wünsche's plane was hit and he baled out, surviving with burns and leg injuries and returning to active service the following year. —The Guardian
Bail and How to Use It
The most common use of the word bail as a noun has to do with temporary release from custody of a person who is accused of a crime, in which money can be deposited as a guarantee that the person will appear in trial:
A Kenyan court granted bail on Thursday to a British business executive charged with the murder of a Kenyan woman, his lawyer said. —Reuters
Bail can also be used as a verb in the same sense:
Alleged Brit hacker Lauri Love, who is accused of compromising US government servers and faces extradition to America, has been bailed by a UK court. —The Register
While bail has many other meanings, both as a verb and a noun, the one that's most interesting is the one that overlaps with bale in British English. It is derived from the archaic use of the noun bail for a bucket that's used to remove water from a ship. This is where we get the verb bail, which refers to removing water from a ship with a bucket or removing water in general:
In that sense, the phrasal verb bail on is used when we want to say that we let someone down or skipped something:
After one designer bailed on an assignment, I gave her a 3. —Fortune
And we also use the verb bail out for jumping out of an airplane with a parachute in a dangerous situation, or generally for removing ourselves from tough situations, or helping others in tough situations:
Brazil's federal government plans to bail out the state of Rio de Janeiro with 2.9 billion reais ($849 million) as it struggles with a fiscal crisis less than two months before the Olympic Games begin. —The Wall Street Journal


Back Scratcher with triangular rake-like head
Kind Code:
A back scratcher, including an elongated handle with an open end for gripping and a closed end inserted into a polypropylene or other light weight plastic head offering rigidity, flexibility, light weight and relatively low cost, and resembling in general appearance a poly leaf or shrub rake. The head is in a triangular shape and has a base from which extends individual, flexible, reinforced tines of a sufficient length to allow movement—particularly horizontally—when used in an upright position. Each tine can move independently of the other tines thus allowing the device to conform to the natural contours of a back and facilitating the even distribution of exerted pressure on the recipient's back.
Wright, Jonathan P. (South Ogden, UT, US)
Application Number:
Publication Date:
Filing Date:
Primary Class:
International Classes:
View Patent Images:
Related US Applications:
Primary Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Jonathan P. Wright (South Ogden, UT, US)
What is claimed is:
1. I claim a back scratcher comprising: an elongated handle with an open end for gripping and a closed end inserted into a head designed for scratching; said head having a base from which independent, flexible, reinforced tines extend upward sufficiently from the base to allow each tine to move independently, more particularly in horizontal directions relative to a vertically-oriented (upright) subject; said tines extending upward from the base and bending forward at approximately a 90° angle, and sufficiently pointed on the end to create an abrasive edge on the head.
2. A back scratcher as set forth in claim 1 wherein the shape of the head is generally triangular and resembles the general proportions of a rake intended to rake leaves commonly referred to as a poly leaf or shrub rake; said head being constructed of molded polypropylene high impact plastic or other lightweight material, offering rigidity, flexibility, and relatively low cost.
This invention relates to back scratchers. As long as there have been backs, there has been a need for back scratching. Certain trees serve the purpose well but they are not always conveniently close by and lack portability. It is also difficult if not impossible to reach all the potentially itchy areas of one's own back without the aid of a back scratching device. In the opinion of the applicant, the ultimate back scratching experience is realized by the kind contribution of a second person, skilled in the art, and using both hands simultaneously, as if connected at the wrist. (This is the preferred method this invention attempts to mimic). However, such a benefactor is not always readily accessible, willing or able to perform such a service. For these reasons, handheld or mechanical back scratching devices were created and have brought much relief to their users. The most pertinent of these devices are represented by U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,034 for its flexible toothbrush-like bristles, D311,605 reflective of scratchers with a rigid spike or spikes, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,661 for its small pivoting head. Also known to applicant are the following: U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,132 which mounts on an outside corner of an interior wall, D392,424 resembling building blocks on sticks, D330,094 resembling a small triangle on the end of a pole, D312,145 shaped like a bent ice pick, D4,574,788 resembling a scrub brush with a bent head, D266,280 a flat stick with a scratch pad, and D0,260,694 a chess piece-like scratcher.
Additionally known to applicant are references teaching related inventions in lawn and garden leaf rakes including D233,305 a 1974 patent for a poly rake head, U.S. Pat. No. 3,707,835 a design with long tines, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,528 having a plastic molded head, and D248,612 a one-piece molded plastic head with long tines.
A thorough review of the prior art demonstrates the differences in the present device as a back scratcher in its use of long, independent (free floating on the open end), flexible tines formed in a rake-like shape allowing a significantly increased contact area and improved conformity to the natural contours of the human back. Nothing known to applicant in the prior art teaches the unique combination of features and structural parameters of applicants invention.
The specific problems involved in the prior art deal with the limited area of contact and the lack of flexibility across the contact area, resulting in uneven distribution of scratching pressure—thus over—scratching high areas and missing low areas of the back. The applicant's invention also allows the user to cover a large surface area with each stroke thus saving energy and time and bringing faster relief to one's itchy back. In sum, from observation of the present invention and the prior art, it can be shown that a single stroke with this invention covers a substantially greater area and because of the independent, floating tines, does so more effectively.
This back scratcher has the basic appearance of a small (by leaf rake standards), handheld poly leaf rake. Yet by back scratcher standards, the rake head and consequent "swath" is quite large. The elements of the invention solve problems found in the prior art such as the absence of a wide contact area fanning out from a narrow, ergonomically-sized handle and the lack of a method producing even pressure distribution over a broad area. The present invention substantially improves the utility of such devices by offering a wide contact area—while maintaining a narrow handle—consisting of independently "floating" tines that encourage the even distribution of pressure over the naturally uneven surface of the back in ways unattainable in the methods previously taught.
It is therefore the object of this invention to introduce a back scratching device that for a relatively low cost duplicates a two-handed, ten-fingered back scratching experience.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a back scratcher that has the general appearance of a small handheld leaf or shrub rake with a triangular-shaped head made of polypropylene or other light weight material.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a head on the back scratcher that offers reinforced and rigid tines that are capable of movement independent of each other thus facilitating even pressure distribution and allowing contouring to individual back shapes.
The handle, which ranges in size from 6-24 inches in exposed length, has an open end for grasping FIG. 5A and a closed end on which the head is attached FIG. 5B. The head is constructed ideally of molded polypropylene high impact plastic in a triangular shape FIG. 3A. The head is fashioned such that multiple tines extend upward from the base of the head FIG. 5C then make a uniform 90° turn an inch or so from the end FIG. 4A to create the abrasive edge of the head. The tines are individually reinforced to encourage rigidity but are not laterally connected above the base or near the end FIG. 3B, (as typically found on leaf rakes designed for a different purpose), so that each tine can "float" independently over the natural contours of the back FIG. 6, thus duplicating the independence of human fingers bent to form roughly a 90° angle which can flow naturally and accommodatingly over a recipient's back. Further, the tines are pointed at the end 4B to create an edge with a level of abrasion not unlike adequately sharp fingernails. By back scratcher standards, at 4-8 inches in width, the device is large, and will improve the quality of the back scratching experience through the even distribution of pressure FIG. 6 across a large contact area FIG. 2 because of the independently floating tines, and will improve efficiency, both of which are lacking in prior art FIG. 1.
While the invention at hand has been described in its preferred embodiment, it is understood that departures may be made there from within the scope of the invention, and therefore should not be limited to the details and description disclosed herein. The invention is to be afforded the full scope of claims to cover various modifications and materials contemplated in the future.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a person using a prior art back scratcher.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a person using the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a bird's eye view of the contouring effect of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.