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Connect your wireless Call Connect device to the antenna
Do you have a wireless Yealink phone? Then it must be connected to its antenna in order to work properly.
Stand close to the antenna with your Yealink wireless phone. Usually it's near your b-box modem. There are 2 different types of antennas (W52P or W60B):
On your wireless Yealink phone, follow these steps:
- Press the following keys successively: OK, 6, 6, OK and OK.
- You will see a search bar on the screen.
- Press and hold the button on the front of the antenna for 4 seconds until the 1st LED starts flashing.
- If this works, your phone will find the antenna and display the name of the antenna on the screen. If not, restart from 1.
- Press Valider. This is the key above the envelope on the dial.
- Your phone will ask you to enter a PIN code. Press the 0 key 4 times (0000) and press again Valider.
Your wireless Yealink phone will now show a confirmation that the registration was successful.
After a few seconds, the time will be updated and the correct time displayed, meaning your phone is ready to use.


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Discover your intellectual strengths
It is said that to have a mastery of words is to have in one's possession the ability to produce order out of chaos and that command of vocabulary is a true measure of intelligence. Verbal intelligence measures your capacity to use language in order to express yourself, comprehend stories and understand other people. Verbal abilities include reading, writing and communicating with words. The verbal component of this test examines your vocabulary and your capacity to learn verbal material. It also measures your ability to employ verbal skills in reasoning and problem solving.
Your verbal score was 47 and you scored in the 28th percentile.
Your Grade ** Average **
You have good verbal skills and a sound understanding of the intricacies of communication. A good vocabulary will determine the quality of your communication, both in written and oral and will help you appreciate subtle differences between words. Remember there is no ceiling to your knowledge and you can improve your verbal ability infinitely.
Here is a question which contributed to your verbal score
Which one of the sets of letters below can be arranged into a five letter English word?
People with strong verbal intelligence skills have a way with words, so to speak. According to Howard Gardner (author of the theory of multiple intelligences) people who excel in verbal intelligence end up being poets, writers, journalists, and lawyers while in high school they tend to participate in drama and debate clubs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


5 Teams Compete for "Most Transformative Idea" at Climathon Awards
GA (1)
Over 4,500 citizens worldwide engaged in more than 100 Climathons last year that generated thousands of innovative solutions to local climate problems. After a grueling selection process, just five solutions will compete for the "Most Transformative Idea of 2020" at the Climathon Awards on 21 January.
This edition of the Awards marks the 5-year anniversary of Climathon and the culmination of the inspiring efforts by citizens, cities, and Climathon organisers that joined the year-long programme to raise awareness, collaborate and rethink the future of our cities.
A public vote will determine what teams advance to the Climathon Awards. Take a closer look at the top five teams competing:
MATE, Climathon Zurich 2020
Climate challenge: Sustainable food education
Team: Aline Herzog, Chiara Schnoz, Lakshman Teja Lattipally, Laura Neufeldt-Schoeller, Rahel Reinhard
Solution: Mate is a Sustainable Food Ambassador Network for Swiss high schools to raise awareness, transmit knowledge and foster behavioral change through competitive incentives such as food consumption challenges. This brings out a competitive spirit in city schools and encourages school mensas to transition towards offering more planet-friendly meals. Each time a student chooses a planet-friendly meal, it will be registered and compared with other participating high schools. The solution can also be implemented in other contexts such as company challenges, enabling large-scale impact.
Impact potential: Overall, food consumption accounts for one-third of the environmental impact of consumption in Switzerland. Therefore, if Switzerland's people eat more sustainably, they would reduce the environmental footprint and make Switzerland more sustainable while improving its population's general health. By providing healthy and sustainable menus in the mensa and the necessary knowledge, MATE can empower society to make this behavioral change, starting with young people that influence many around them and who are in their formative years.
No Appetite for Waste, Climathon London 2020
Climate challenge: Food waste
Team: Benedicte de Gelder, Michelle (Ming Hui) Chok, Sepideh Noohi, Sophie Mosselmans
Solution: No Appetite for Waste is a 4-week programme designed to inspire, excite and equip primary schoolchildren and their parents with the knowledge and skills to tackle food waste. The yearly competition will run in April with the aim to reach 1 million people in London by 2023. The programme provides template activities anchored to key curriculum themes to make it compelling for teachers to embed food waste education in their teaching. Success will be measured by: the number of participants, tons of food waste and emissions saved, and overall cost savings.
Impact potential: UK schools produce 100k tons for food waste per year, generating 155K tons of CO2. London has 700K pupils in primary schools, so assuming each pupil can influence another 2 people (school staff, parents, siblings), that is a total of 2.1 million people that can be engaged in food waste reduction. No Appetite for Waste targets a younger generation who can bring knowledge and best practices home to their families, and grow up to live more sustainably as adults. Children are ultimately very impressionable at this young age, so the more aware they are about food waste, the higher the chance for making a real impact.
Green Penguin, Climathon Ljubljana, 2020
Climate challenge: Energy
Team: Mojca Markizeti, Thorsteinn Svanur Jónsson, Anton Birkir Sigfússon, Nuno Soares, Hossam Zaimi, Robi Zorman, Vladimir Milošević, Lara Šarabon Štojs, Mariia Iglova Andreuzz
Solution: Green Penguin is an environmental competition between Ljubljana schools that calculates CO2 reduction into something tangible that kids can easily grasp: penguins! If all schools and kindergartens of the Ljubljana municipality reduced their CO2 footprint by 15%, they could save 1,086 tons of CO2, which converts to 3,259 m³ of ice not melted or 3,259 penguins saved. The idea uses smart digital technologies to engage schoolchildren through gamification, achieving environmental and digital literacy for younger generations and a substantial reduction the city's carbon footprint.
Impact potential: By targeting primary schools and kindergartens who are truly motivated by environmental impacts, the game can produce positive effects on the households of every participant. However, Green Penguin can be easily adapted for other organisations such as universities, public buildings, and even the private sector, such as hotels, retail stores, and others. Buildings are the largest contributors of CO2 emissions in the European Cities. Therefore, any impactful action on this sector has a tangible effect on the path towards net-zero emissions.
Ecopolis, Climathon Pasig 2020
Climate challenge: Food security
Team: Marie Sapuay, Rene Francis Dimalanta, Jaymee Ann Manguerra Alon, Gianina R. Custodio, Joni Galeste
Solution: Ecopolis is a holistic food security solution with two components: A mobile application (EcoLink) and a physical component (Floating Farms). The EcoLink mobile app aims to conveniently connect people to nearby compost sites and urban farms. This is considered the primary solution to address food insecurity, making fresh food locally available to Pasig communities. The Floating Farms utilise the city's rivers to compensate for the lack of available land and offer more space to grow edible crops and to compost food waste.
Impact potential: The EcoLink app will make composting sites and urban farms visible to localities. This will lessen the travel of fresh food to consumers. It will promote composting to lessen food waste and will help increase crop yield and health and will help sequester carbon emissions in the soil. The Floating Farm will help educate dwellers near the riverbanks on how to manage the urban farm to have plentiful harvest and gain livelihood from it. It will be able to accommodate organic waste that can be used as organic compost for the urban farms within the city.
Green Invest, Climathon Stuggart 2020
Climate challenge: Sustainable investment
Team: David Müller, Klemens Witte, Nicolas Maiwald, Karolina Stuhec-Meglic, Norbert Krain, Ulrich Botzenhardt
Solution: The transition to a low-carbon economy is slow. One of the major reasons: Investors are struggling to locate and assess sustainable projects while the willingness to invest is at an all-time high. To address that challenge, a community-driven investment platform like Green Invest will benefit everyone by facilitating the growth of sustainable projects. Users can quickly search for sustainable investment opportunities in their local area such as a new solar roof on a tennis court or building refurbishments. Investing starts as low as 10 EUR, making the energy transition accessible and catalyzing change at a large scale.
Impact potential: The global energy transition is not aligned with the Paris Agreement and funding is the No. 1 reason CO2-saving projects are not being realised. By creating a fun-to-use app and building a community of green investors our app can make investing in sustainable projects easy, safe, and accessible to everyone thus creating the change we need now. Our platform aims to rapidly reduce C02-emissions. Citizens who invest will be able to make a sustainable profit and grow their investments.
Public voting is live
Be sure to cast your vote for the "Most Transformative Idea of 2020". The public will determine the top three finalists that will be assessed by an international jury panel in the lead-up to the Climathon Awards.
We welcome all citizens and changemakers worldwide who want to learn more about Climathon's citizen-led climate action to join us on 21 January to celebrate the impact of the global Climathon community.
Cast your vote now
Thanks to our global partners


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In the Spirit of Truth – Sunday, March 3 – 12:45 in the Chapel
Topic: Gender Identity
Facilitated by Sean Fischer and Mya Dosch
Join us as we explore the topic of gender identity. Engaging activities and discussion will focus on questions such as: What is the difference between gender and sex? How is gender identity different from sexual orientation? What does "Transgender" mean? How can First U become a more welcoming place for people of all genders? This forum is cosponsored by First Unitarian's Weaving the Fabric of Diversity and the Rainbow Alliance.


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Professor John Michael McNamara FRS
Professor of Mathematics and Biology, School of Mathematics, University of Bristol
McNamara has developed fundamental approaches, methods and modelling tools for the functional analysis of behaviour. His work provides a consistent logic and mathematical rigour for the theoretical and conceptual basis of the field of behavioural ecology. The general framework he proposed and developed exposes the logic of how individual actions contribute to lifetime reproductive success, and provides a common currency for actions. The framework has provided a natural way of building more holistic and realistic models of behaviour, allowing it to depend on state and time, and has had a profound influence on the modelling of behaviour across the entire field.
New Fellows Seminar presentation: Modelling adaptive behaviour (MP3)


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use views in your rooms. These events test whether the instance lies completely outside a particular view or interesects the view boundary.
- Game start: This event happens for all instances in the first room when the game starts. It happens before the room start event (see below) but after the creation events for the instances in the room. This event is typically defined in only one "controller" object and is used to start some background music and to initialize some variables, or load some data.
- Game end: The event happens to all instances when the game ends. Again typically just one object defines this event. It is for example used to store certain data in a file.
- Room start: This event happens for all instances initially in a room when the room starts. It happens after the creation events.
- Room end: This event happens to all existing instances when the room ends.
- No more lives: GameMaker has a built-in lives system. There is an action to set and change the number of lives. Whenever the number of lives becomes less than or equal to 0, this event happens. It is typically used to end or restart the game.
- No more health: GameMaker has a built-in health system. There is an action to set and change the health. Whenever the health becomes less than or equal to 0, this event happens. It is typically used to reduce the number of lives or to restart the game.
- Animation end: As indicated above, an animation consists of a number of images that are shown one after the other. After the last one is shown we start again with the first one. The event happens at precisely that moment. As an example, this can be used to change the animation, or destroy the instance.
- End of path: This event happens when the instance follows a path and the end of the path is reached.
- Close button: This event happens when the user clicks on the close button of the window. This only happens when disabling in the game settings the option to have the close button behave as the Escape key.
- User defined: There are 16 of these events. They normally never happen unless you yourself call them from a piece of code.
Instances, when visible, draw their sprite in each step on the screen. When you specify actions in the drawing event, the sprite is not drawn, but these actions are executed instead. This can be used to draw something other than the sprite, or first make some changes to sprite parameters. There are a number of drawing actions that are especially meant for use in the drawing event. Note that the drawing event is only executed when the object is visible. Also note that, independent of what you draw, collision events are based on the sprite that is associated with the instance.
Key Press events
This event is similar to the keyboard event but it happens only once when the key is pressed, rather than continuously. This is useful when you want an action to happen only once.
Key Release events
This event is similar to the keyboard event but it happens only once when the key is released, rather than continuously.
In some situation it is important to understand the order in which GameMaker processes the events. This is as follows:
- Begin step events
- Alarm events
- Keyboard, Key press, and Key release events
- Mouse events
- Normal step events
- (now all instances are set to their new positions)
- Collision events
- End step events
- Draw events
The create, destroy, and other events are performed when the corresponding things happen.


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IBT MATHEMATICAL NEUROSCIENCE AWARD AT BRAINTECH 2019
The prize honors researchers who have significantly advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms of perception, behavior and thought through the application of mathematical analysis and theoretical modeling.
This year again, two winners were selected to each receive this prestigious $100,000 prize for their achievements.
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE WINNERS!
Professor Naftali Tishby
Prof. Tishby holds the Ruth and Stan Flinkman Chair for Brain Research at the Hebrew University, works at the interface of computer science and neuroscience. His research on information processing in biological systems has led to new insights important for both machine learning and brain function including language, the action-perception cycle, biological sensory hierarchies and deep learning.
Professor John Rinzel
Prof. Rinzel is Professor of Neural Science and Mathematics at New York University who has played a pioneering role in the application of mathematical analyses to neural systems. His work has illuminated our understanding of the role of neural dynamics in cognition and behavior, with key contributions in fields ranging from neuronal biophysics to auditory perception.


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August 13, 2016 12:59:56 pm
A new study says that students who receive more negative attention from teachers, experience increases in problems with emotional regulation, concentration and disruptive behaviour.
The researchers at University of Missouri-Columbia also found that teachers gave Afro-American students and students who received free or reduced lunch more negative attention than other students.
"Finding an efficient, accurate and consistent way to observe teachers' interaction with students is important, not only for educational research, but also for evaluating and coaching teachers," said researcher Wendy Reinke.
"Student-teacher interaction is important because students will repeat actions if those actions garner attention. If a teacher gives attention to a student for prosocial behavior, such as praising them for good work, then the student is more likely to do similar good work in the future. If a teacher gives attention to a student for problem behavior, such as reprimanding them for disrupting the class, the student also may be more likely to repeat this behavior–especially if this is the only way to get a teachers' attention," she added.
Subscriber Only Stories
The observational model developed by Reinke and her fellow researchers is called the Brief Student-Teacher Classroom Interaction Observation (ST-CIO) model and features a five-minute observation developed to quickly assess teacher interactions.
Classroom observers can use the ST-CIO to monitor short student-teacher interactions to determine the nature of those interactions (positive or negative) and is efficient enough to allow observers to make note of teacher interactions with every student in the classroom in a relatively short period of time.
In their study, Reinke and her team used the ST-CIO to observe 53 teachers and 896 students in K-3 classrooms. They found that their observational method allowed them to capture nuanced interactions that were consistent with previous research.
She said this model can help researchers more efficiently study student-teacher interaction, as well as serve as a tool for principals.
"We have shown that this method is an effective and efficient tool for researchers. However, the method is very simple to practice and could provide principals doing classroom observations or coaches and consultants working with teachers with a tool to observe teachers and give them consistent, valuable feedback. This feedback can be helpful to provide teachers with awareness of how they interact with students. This will help teachers learn to direct positive attention toward students with whom they may be having regular negative interactions," Reinke further said.
The study has been published in Assessment for Effective Intervention.
For more news on education, click here
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I wrote the following article for creating Shadow Walls for Children's museums. However, they are very effective at home haunts as well. So I thought I would share it here:
A shadow wall, also known as a Silhouette Wall, is a phosphorescent wall used with a timed light source to capture and display children's shadows.
Children pose in front of the wall while a light flashes creating a black shadow on a green glowing wall. This allows the kids to turn around and see their shadow. The shadow fades, allowing another child to take a turn.
Shadow walls are popular in childrens museums and other indoor play areas. However, they can also be made inexpensively for birthday parties.
This article will give advice for creating each component in a professional manner and lower cost hobbyist alternatives.
Phosphorescent paint comes in many varieties, most of which are designed to maintain their glow for a long time. Shadow walls are unique in that they require a paint that is relatively bright, charges very quickly, and decays very quickly. To meet these criteria, Glow Inc. designed a custom mix called the Shadow Wall
Formula. While meeting the above requirements, it is also designed to resist the damage caused by kids touching it. It applies easily with nominal smell and no fumes.
You will need 1 quart of Shadow Wall Formula per 4' x 8' sheet.
The wall's structure can be created using sheet materials like drywall, wood, vinyl, plastic, or glass.
The best materials are clear, such as glass or clear acrylic (Plexi-glass). If using glass, make sure that it is thick enough that it can not be broken by excited children. Clear acrylic is a lower cost, easier to use material. However, clear acrylic scratches easy and requires some maintenance.
For clear wall materials, we suggest you paint the rear side of the clear sheet with several layers of Shadow Wall Formula and then a layer of standard acrylic fluorescent white paint. Allow to dry between layers. Then hang or glue the glass to the wall with the painted side facing the wall. While costly, this creates a very smooth, professional appearance.
For opaque materials like wood, vinyl, plastic, and drywall, prepare and prime the surface as you would for any other water-based paint. Add a several layers of Shadow Wall Formula, allowing it to dry between layers.
For a cheaper alternative, my personal preference is corrugated plastic (Coroplast). It can be acquired at most sign shops for under $20 for a 4'x8' sheet. If you go this route, get white and do not prime it before adding the glow paint. It can be cut into manageable sheets for storage and weighs very little, making it ideal for temporary installations like parties.
A common mistake is to have too much ambient light in the room. If you want a bright shadow wall and high contrast shadows, then you need to keep the room just above pitch dark. The room would ideally be painted flat black and no light source would directly shine on the shadow wall. This includes light from other rooms when the door or curtain is open.
Red light will increase the discharge speed of glow pigments used in the Shadow Wall Formula. This can be used to your advantage in professional installations to provide light for entrance and exit while also quickly clearing the wall for the next child. While any red light will work, I personally suggest red LED par cans.
Children waiting in the queue should be in a dimly lit room so their eyes have a chance to dark adjust, preferably for 5 or more minutes.
The light to charge the shadow wall should emit as much ultra-violet light as possible, preferably with nominal visible light.
Visible light adjusts the children's eyes for daylight and the glow will therefore appear less bright.
That being said, disposable cameras with flash are an effective charging light for shadow walls used at kid's birthday parties. They can typically be acquired for free by asking nicely anywhere that processes film. Strobe lights are another inexpensive alternative. If you use these visible light alternatives, consider telling the children to close their eyes for the flash.
For professional installations, use only ultra violet lights, also known as black lights. For crisp edges on your shadows, use a light with a single point of origin like a bulb. Tube or LED black lights have a wider origin, which will blur the edges of the shadow. Black light bulbs sold for parties that look similar to regular screw-in light bulbs perform very poorly.
Therefore, I suggest a high powered "cannon" or stage fixture like Chauvet's Black Shadow 400w Blacklight. You can use the light's spec sheet to determine its beam angle. With this angle, you can determine how far back to mount the light for optimum performance.
I suggest you mount the light 1-2 feet from the floor. This low aspect will make most shadows taller than the children while keeping their feet in frame.
Using your timer, adjust the "flash" time for optimum performance. Longer flashes create a brighter glow. However, longer flashes also blur the edges of the shadow as children move.
For home use, the timer is a human pushing a button.
For professional installations, you will definitely want to add an automated timer. This can be accomplished hundreds of ways. I personally use a computer, Enttec DMX USB Pro, Chauvet DMX-4 Relay/Dimmer, and Vixen software.
Here is a typical Timer sequence started by human trigger:
00.0s Countdown clock 5
01.0s Countdown clock 4
02.0s Countdown clock 3
03.0s Countdown clock 2
04.0s Countdown clock 1
04.9s Red light turns off
05.0s Ultraviolet light turns on
05.5s Ultraviolet light turns off
(Note: this is when the wall glows)
30.0s Red light turns on

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Two cooling water units were being constructed at the BP Whiting Refinery facility. BP Whiting Refinery would like some assurance that, with the current design, surface vortex would not form in the cooling pump suction bay. Surface vortex could reduce pump water delivery and reduce pump reliability. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to model the suction bay.
Computational domain of the suction bay
Three-dimensional CFD models of the cooling tower suction bays were developed to simulate the critical flow conditions at the suction bays. The suction bays were modeled for designed operating condition where all pumps were operating and off-designed operating condition when one of the pump was shut off.
Flow streamlines for the case where one pump is shut off
The simulation results for the ideal operating case where all pump were operating indicated there were very fex vortices formed around the corner of each suction bay. Increased number of vortices was present, especially in the area near concrete pillars, when one of the pumps was shut off. Based on these results, it was recommended to the oil refinery owner to reduce the size of the concrete pillars in order to reduce the possibility of vortex formation.
Vertex formed near a pump suction inlet
Click the movie below to see the Cooling Tower in detail.
If your network blocks youtube please click here.
Faculty Collaborator: Dr. Chenn Q. Zhou


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lowTEMP4districtheat - Reduction of the system parameters of heating networks for the integration of renewable heat sources using soft sensors
Starting point / motivation
The new version of the EU guideline "on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources", which will come into force in Austria in 2021, will require heating network operators to know the utilization of their heating network in detail in the future.
Based on this knowledge, decisions have to be made as to whether and under what circumstances a lowering of the network temperatures is possible and whether and when decentralized heat generators can feed into the heating network.
So far, dynamic network simulations, which are absolutely necessary for the analysis of hydraulic interventions in the network, have been based on the largest possible databases of historical data and real-time data from the heating network. In practice, however, many (sometimes outdated) heating networks in Austria have an inadequate measuring infrastructure.
Furthermore, the General Data Protection Regulation created additional hurdles with regard to data acquisition. This means that detailed dynamic network simulations are often not possible.
Contents and goals
In order to enable a quick and detailed analysis of a heating network despite insufficient data, lowTEMP4districtheat uses a new, cost-effective approach with soft sensors. Soft sensors have been used in the process industry for many years in order to use simulations to record the operating states at various locations of reactors in real time, where conventional measurements are not possible.
This simulation approach supplements selective real measurements and can also be used for heating networks. The use of soft sensors saves extensive and cost-intensive measurement infrastructure and enables simple retrofitting of existing heating networks.
LowTEMP4districtheat aims to develop a real-time measurement strategy based on soft sensors for existing heating networks (retrofit) and network simulation with low computing power requirements.
Furthermore, operating and control solutions for a differentiated network management with heterogeneous network parameters (temperatures, pressure levels etc.) as well as possibilities for the conversion of heat consumers to lower system parameters are examined and recommendations for action for the reduction of the network parameters are derived.
After a survey of the technical framework and the elaboration of modeling approaches for different network types and sizes, mathematical basics of thermohydraulic modeling of heating networks using soft sensors are developed. The simulation model is then set up, with ongoing validation using real data from reference networks.
Based on the results of simulations of various applications, control strategies are developed with real-time control algorithms that are compatible with selected controller modules available on the market.
The combined results form the basis of discussions in an expert workshop, which in turn form the basis for recommendations for action.
- Real-time measurement strategy based on soft sensors for existing heating networks (retrofit).
- Network simulation based on soft sensors with low computing power requirements.
- Operating and control solutions for differentiated network management with heterogeneous network parameters (temperatures, pressure levels, etc.).
- Recommendations for action for lowering the network parameters and the related conversion of heat consumers.
4ward Energy Research GmbH
Project or cooperation partners
- Hoval Gesellschaft m.b.H
- Energieagentur Obersteiermark GmbH
- Prozess Optimal CAP GmbH


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A unique and rare species of flower has been kept blooming by walkers flattening through mud in area of Angel seyon a coastal path. A species that is part of the buttercup family, which is a three lobed water-crowfoot is capable to grow because walkers are disturbing the ground around it. That also gives rise to tiny plants that grows in puddles, shallow pools, and even tractor and hoof tracks.
The water-crowfoot, a rare flower plant has to grow in spring season quickly because the channels dry out in summer that is favorable to its natural growth. According to Trevor Dines from Plant life Cymru statement there are fewer than 20 plants that are growing in a ditch on the path including the water-crowfoot.
As there are no sheep or cattle to disturb the mud so the plants depend entirely on walkers that cross the ditch on the coastal path and this mud loving crowfoot likes nothing more than creeping through filthy ditches, ruts and shallow pools looks glorious to eyes.
According to plant life experts the flower is also springing up along the tracks and is now growing in more sites than ever before when animals move from pool to pool and in this way they also spread the seed with their hooves.


Cover of the book Symfony 5: The Fast Track
The cache.yml Configuration File
Symfony version
The cache.yml configuration file describes the cache configuration for the view layer. This configuration file is only active if the cache setting is enabled in settings.yml.
The configuration of the class used for caching and its associated configuration is to be done in the view_cache_manager and view_cache sections of the factories.yml configuration file.
When an application is created, symfony generates a default cache.yml file in the application config/ directory which describes the cache for the whole application (under the default key). By default, the cache is globally set to off:
 enabled: off
 with_layout: false
 lifetime: 86400
As the enabled setting is set to false by default, you need to enable the cache selectively. You can also work the other way around: enable the cache globally and then, disable it on specific pages that cannot be cached. Your approach should depend on what represents less work for your application.
As discussed in the introduction, the cache.yml file benefits from the configuration cascade mechanism, and can include constants.
The cache.yml configuration file is cached as a PHP file; the process is automatically managed by the sfCacheConfigHandler class.
The default application configuration can be overridden for a module by creating a cache.yml file in the config/ directory of the module. The main keys are action names without the execute prefix (index for the executeIndex method for instance). A partial or component can also be cached by using its name prefixed with an underscore (_).
To determine if an action is cached or not, symfony looks for the information in the following order:
 - a configuration for the specific action, partial, or component in the module configuration file, if it exists;
 - a configuration for the whole module in the module configuration file, if it exists (under the all key);
 - the default application configuration (under the default key).
An incoming request with GET parameters in the query string or submitted with the POST, PUT, or DELETE method will never be cached by symfony, regardless of the configuration.
Default: off
The enabled setting enables or disables the cache for the current scope.
Default: false
The with_layout setting determines whether the cache must be for the entire page (true), or for the action only (false).
The with_layout option is not taken into account for partial and component caching as they cannot be decorated by a layout.
Default: 86400
The lifetime setting defines the server-side lifetime of the cache in seconds (86400 seconds equals one day).
Default: Same value as the lifetime one
The client_lifetime setting defines the client-side lifetime of the cache in seconds.
This setting is used to automatically set the Expires header and the max-cache cache control variable, unless a Last-Modified or Expires header has already been set.
You can disable client-side caching by setting the value to 0.
Default: false
The contextual setting determines if the cache depends on the current page context or not. The setting is therefore only meaningful when used for partials and components.
When a partial output is different depending on the template in which it is included, the partial is said to be contextual, and the contextual setting must be set to true. By default, the setting is set to false, which means that the output for partials and components are always the same, wherever it is included.
The cache is still obviously different for a different set of parameters.


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Your personal trainer
ExactSpent will help you to identify how many words you translate, write, or edit
in a minute. Look through yesterday's results and break your record today.
It's easy to identify how much to charge for a particular job since ExactSpent knows how much time you have spent on any single task.
Open ExactSpent right from TO3000
Open the job you work on in TO3000, click the ExactSpent button to open it right from TO3000, and start to count time.
Import your time results into TO3000 to calculate the total value of the work.


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Fly ash isn't just filler in concrete. As a very fine-grained pozzolan, it reacts with the calcium hydroxide that is generated by the hydration reaction of cement and water to take on cementitious properties of its own. The reaction makes concrete stronger, less permeable, and reduces the alkalinity, which can reduce the danger of alkali-silica reactivity in the aggregate—and the need in some parts of the country to import nonreactive aggregate from distant sources.
Fly ash concrete is more workable and pumpable. It also hydrates more slowly, which reduces the heat of hydration—critical to reducing cracking in mass concrete placements. All of this makes fly ash concrete more durable than plain portland cement concrete. And concrete with fly ash costs less, because fly ash is typically less expensive than portland cement.
Due to all these advantages, fly ash is used in about half the concrete placed today. NRMCA estimates that 15% of cementitious materials in concrete are replaced by fly ash and other supplementary cementitious materials. Typically specified as a percentage replacement for portland cement, both Class C and Class F ash is used at dosages as high as 50% (although 15% is more common).
But the percentage of fly ash use has been increasing. To achieve a more sustainable concrete, producers and engineers have been increasing replacement rates. One recent study used fly ash at replacement rates up to 30% with no adverse results on a hard-troweled concrete floor (see "Adding Fly Ash to Concrete Mixes for Floor Construction" CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Special Floors Issue, November 2007).
There is a limit to how much fly ash our industry can use. First, not all fly ash is equal. "Every power plant has its idiosyncrasies" says Morris "Skip" Huffman, former chairman of ACI Committee 232, Fly Ash, and division manager with Headwaters Resources, a marketer of fly ash. "The quality can vary, depending on exactly how the plant is being run. Some fly ashes have higher sulfur trioxide (SO3) contents and are not suitable for use in concrete. Some have problems with higher carbon content or they are too coarse. But the majority of ash, especially in the western U.S., is suitable for use in concrete and can go straight from the plant to the silo."
And contractors often object to using fly ash concrete. These concerns include set time, air content, and strength gain. Some fly ash can retard hydration and lead to longer set times and slower strength gain. And some can lead to loss of entrained air. An experienced concrete producer can easily overcome these issues. In January 2006 CC, (Using High Volume Fly Ash Concrete), Lattimore Materials' Richard Szecsy notes that even at replacement rates as high as 50%, the set time and strength gain can be controlled using admixtures and proportioning.Why a hazardous waste?
No one argues that containment pond failures are acceptable—they are not. And no one doubts that there should be tighter regulations governing their design, construction, and maintenance. But to many proponents supporting fly ash use in concrete, regulating final disposal methods is a completely separate matter than designating fly ash as a hazardous waste under Subtitle C.
The problem is that the EPA wants more authority than the current law allows. At the September 2009 meeting of the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS), Matt Hale, director of EPA's Office of Resource Conservation & Recovery, said that while he believes that regulating fly ash under Subtitle D would be sufficient to protect public health and the environment, it doesn't provide the EPA with the authority to enforce more stringent disposal requirements.
InsideEPA.com reports that the agecy's current proposal is an unusual "hybrid" approach: designating fly ash as hazardous if it's disposed of in a containment pond or landfill but not hazardous when recycled for "beneficial uses." This proposal could mean that producers and power plants would have to transport, store, and treat fly ash as a hazardous waste in its powder form, but not after it's incorporated into concrete.
However well-intended, a hybrid approach to fly ash classification would cause our nation significant problems.


Did John leave the island of Patmos alive?
Specifically, are there any Bible verses that mention his fate?
Revelation 1:9
Clarify Share Report Asked September 18 2014 Mini Sue Green
Open uri20150711 11373 dvqsks Steve clonts
The Revelation was received on the Lords day by John on the isle of a Patmos(Rev. 1: 9-10), off the coast of Asia, not far from Ephesus. The exact date is not known.
He was one of the Twelve; son of Zebedee and brother of James. In his early life he was s fisherman. He was one of the inner circle of three who were at the raising of Jairus daughter, at the Transfiguration, and in Gethsemanane. In his own Gospel he refers to himself as "the disciple whom Jesus loved". There at frequent references to him at the crucifixion and resurrection. In Acts he appear s but seldom (acts 3:1, 11;4: 13;8:14) Paul refers to his meeting with him in Jerusalem (Gal. 2:9). In Rev. 1:9 jog tells of his banishment to Patmos. After which the Bible is silent about his whereabouts.
It's interesting to note that the last five verses of Saint John make reference to the other disciples believing that John should not die (John 21:23) yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?
According to Wikipedia, John was placed on Patmos due to Christian persecution under the Roman Emperor Domitian. There's also a tradition that the Emperor had boiled him in oil and he received no harm. At which point he was banished to Patmos. There's also tradition that when the Emperor died he's successor released him and he went to Ephesus. However, if you look to the Bible for Johns whereabouts. It ends at Patmos.
September 22 2014 0 responses Vote Up Share Report
Mini Juliette Ingram
I for once agree with the tradition or "hearsay."
In Revelation 11:10 the angel that released the book to John (to eat) informed John that he (John) must prophesy "again" before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings. Could it be that John's ministry account ends with Revelation?
It may be "possible" that John is one of the "two" witnesses during tribulation? (John 21:23) yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?
August 30 2020 0 responses Vote Up Share Report
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CLEVELAND, OH.- The Cleveland Museum of Art
showcases works of art by Fu Baoshi, a preeminent figure in twentieth-century Chinese art, in an exhibition opening this fall. Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (_PHONE_) is the first retrospective in the Western Hemisphere of the artist who revolutionized the tradition of Chinese ink painting. The exhibition reveals the process of the artists self-discovery and personal struggle, as well as the complexity of art and politics in Republican and Communist China. Featuring 90 works on loan from the Nanjing Museum, one of the oldest and most comprehensive museums in China, this is the first collaboration between the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Nanjing Museum. The exhibition will be on view at the Cleveland Museum of Art from October 16, 2011 through January 8, 2012 and is the first time this work will be viewed outside China. It will then travel to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from January 30 through April 29, 2012.
Given the strength of the Cleveland Museum of Arts Asian collection and scholarship, were particularly excited to be contributing to the study and exhibition of one of Chinas most important modern artists, says David Franklin, Cleveland Museum of Art Director. Additionally, the project highlights our close relationship with the Nanjing Museum and further attests to our desire to create exhibitions of true originality.
Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (_PHONE_) considers the full scope of Fu Baoshis artistic career from the 1920s to 1965 within the art‐historical, social, political and cultural contexts. From traditional‐style landscape and figure paintings demonstrating Fus artistic excellence and profundity, to political artwork manifesting state ideology under Chairman Mao Zedong, the wide variety of work that is exhibited demonstrates the artists search for an artistic language capable of speaking for both self and the nation. Fu Baoshis art provides an important insight into the use of native tradition to present modern Chinese ink painting as a discipline distinct from Western and international socialist art of the time. It was symbolic of the Chinese view of their place and national identity in the world during the twentieth century.
Fu Baoshis art represents the quest for beauty even in the most difficult circumstances, says Anita Chung, PhD, curator of Chinese art for the Cleveland Museum of Art. It has an aesthetic appeal that transcends history and distance in time and space, and, in this respect, the exhibition concerns aesthetics as much as context in light of the nationalistic sentiment and political ideology that shaped Fus expression in an age of crisis.
The exhibition focuses on specific aspects of modern Chinese art during revolutionary change, including the reinvention of a national style of Chinese painting (guohua), the role of Japan in Chinas modern art discourses and the new meanings of ink painting in the Peoples Republic of China. It traces the development and transformation of Fus paintings at different stages of his life as he embraced Chinese art history and Eastern aesthetics with his early experiences in Japan, developed individual styles in his 1940s landscapes and figure paintings, transformed ink and brush in service to the masses after the Communist victories in 1949, and captured Chinas territories with patriotic conviction in his late landscapes of the 1950s and 1960s.
Highlights of Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (_PHONE_) include:
Qu Yuan, 1942. Fu Baoshi created this compelling image of the ancient poet-statesman Qu Yuan, emphasizing his psychological suffering before his suicide in the Miluo River. The image sheds light on the grievances and pathos of Chinas modern intellectuals in the face of war and political corruption.
Plucking the Yuan, 1945. Beauty embodying refined elegance and music invoking the feeling of ecstasy, this painting portrays three women using music for inner cultivation and self-improvement. It affirms certain human values and cultural ideals in an eventful age.
Whispering Rain at Dusk, 1945. This work represents Fu Baoshis signature style in landscape depiction and shows his sensitive use of the brush, ink, color, light and atmosphere to depict a stormy scene during World War II.
Gottwaldov, 1957. A vivid image of the smoggy, industrial city of Gottwaldov (present day Zlìn) in the Czech Republic, painted during his official visit to Eastern Europe, Fus portrayal is characterized by a dark mystery, which makes it a powerful statement on modern industrialization, subject to the viewers interpretation.
Swimming: Poem of Mao Zedong, 1958. The subject of this painting is Mao swimming across the Yangzi River. He is depicted floating in the river, with only his head visible above the surface of the water. Mao swam across the river many times, in which he found the inspiration for his plan of taming the Yangzi with human structures, as laid out in his 1956 poem Swimming.
Heavenly Lake and Flying Waterfall, 1961. This strikingly simple and abstract composition effectively captures the awe-inspiring beauty of Changbai Falls, which flows from a river outlet of the lake on top of Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, on the border with North Korea. Glittering in the light, the silvery white water stands out against the deep, black ink washes creating the precipitous cliffs.
Heaven and Earth Glowing Red, 1964. The red globe of the earth floats in rose-colored air. Natural phenomena, including a pine tree, rock, falling leaves, ocean, wind, mist and lightning, are incorporated in an abstract design for romanticizing Chinese communist revolution. This is Fus interpretation of the political abstractions of the time based on Maos poetry. It fulfills the political requirement to direct art in the service of the Party and the masses.
The Nanjing Museum, which is loaning the works, currently houses the most significant collection of Fu Baoshis art that escaped destruction during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (_PHONE_), because they were preserved by both the Fu family and the museum after the artists death in 1965.
The Nanjing Museum is delighted to collaborate with the Cleveland Museum of Art in exhibiting across the Pacific the finest of Fus works from our museums collection, says Director Gong Liang of the Nanjing Museum. The American audience will not only experience the beauty of Chinese painting but also come to understand the extraordinary artistic sentiments of this modern Chinese master.


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Project: Measure for Measure
Project 1 – part 1
- Design Process – "Measure for Measure": Create a written design concept, scene breakdown, and two basic design renderings.
Project 1 – part 2
- Drafting your projection design for Measure for Measure: Draft a complete projection plot, projection section, and system diagram. This project illustrates the student's understanding of VectorWorks and the technical requirements for a successfully implemented projection design.
Project: Mission to Mars
- Integration – "Three Penny Opera" or Digital Experience/ Themed Entertainment: Create original content for your design. The created content is to be played back through the use of projection playback software (Qlab) and projected inside a scale model onto surfaces you specify. You will need to make judicious use of miniature projectors to realize your design. This project illustrates the student's understanding of the entire project design process from research to design and then to implementation.


In the Player's Handbook, it is pretty clear that reactions normally interrupt the thing that they are reacting to.
Xanathar's Guide to Everything, however, has explicitly changed all reactions to occurring after their triggers have finished resolving unless the ability specifies otherwise, and is reliant on that implicit assumption for several reaction abilities already.
This leads to contradictory interpretations of reactions that take implicit timing. How should this be resolved?
I'm particularly interested in how to resolve this in Adventurers League games, where players show up with perfectly legal characters reasonably expecting their abilities to work either way on account of owning or not owning XGE.
Reactions come after their triggers, except when they don't
If the timing is specified in the ability, use that timing. Otherwise, reactions occur after the trigger.
This entire thing is a matter of specific over general. In 5e, when a specific rule and a general rule conflict, the specific rule wins.
Xanathar's Guide to Everything outlines the general rule for the timing of reactions:
If you're unsure when a reaction occurs in relation to its trigger, here's the rule: the reaction happens after its trigger completes, unless the description of the reaction explicitly says otherwise.
So, if the timing of the spell/ability you are using does not specify a timing then the reaction will come after whatever triggered it.
This is essentially just rephrasing what was already in the DMG since its release:
Various spells and features give a creature more reaction options, and sometimes the timing of a reaction can be difficult to adjudicate. Use this rule of thumb: follow whatever timing is specified in the reaction's description. For example, the opportunity attack and the shield spell are clear about the fact that they can interrupt their triggers. If a reaction has no timing specified, or the timing is unclear, the reaction occurs after its trigger finishes, as in the Ready action. (D&DB)
Thus, nothing has changed in the way reactions are handled since the DMG was released. Even with the rule being in the DMG and XGtE, you may (and probably will) still meet players who misunderstand how reaction timing works. There is not too much you can do to prevent this, but having a thorough understanding of the basics yourself will allow you to talk them through the issues with confidence that you are correct. Thus, I have prepared an extensive analysis below to hopefully help you accomplish this.
Dealing with Adventurers League and false expectations
Firstly, it is simply a fact that a DM is going to have to teach/correct that players that don't know or misunderstand the rules. It is one of the DM's primary jobs. There is not much you can do at the table to fix a character built on a misunderstanding of a rule whether it was based on not owning a particular reference material or not.
So how do you deal with it when it comes up? Well, as an AL DM, you are bound to follow the rules as written for all cases in which the rules are clear. However, if there was a case of a reaction ability that you found unclear lean on the general rule. If the ability is unclear then just assume it comes after the trigger. If assuming this seems to break the ability or make it useless then it is probably incorrect. In short, either go with the reaction happening after the trigger or go with what allows the ability to work.
Reaction spells
Below, I go through every currently published spell with a casting time of reaction and show how it either follows or is an exception to the general rule above. Remember, each one of these spells is analyzed using this same rule. As long as you understand it, there should be minimal issues with adjudicating most reaction timing abilities.
Shield - interrupts trigger
Trigger: when you are hit by an attack or targeted by the magic missile spell.
So, shield explicitly says that it takes effect before the triggering attack resolves (and before the triggering magic missile spell hits). That means it is an exception and may take effect before the triggering effect resolves. This is an exception to the general rule because it's timing is specified by its effects.
The DMG also explicitly says that shield interrupts its trigger:
See this Q&A for more on the timing of shield: Do you have to cast Shield prior to your opponent's attack roll?
Absorb elements - interrupts trigger
Trigger: when you take you take acid, cold, fire, lightning, or thunder damage.
Again, the spell wording implies that it comes before the damage from the attack is resolved and thus it applies to the triggering attack as well. See this Q&A and this Crawford tweet for more.
Counterspell - interrupts trigger
Trigger: when you see a creature within 60 feet of you casting a spell.
Counterspell thus interrupts the spell being cast explicitly (also, if it did not it would literally be useless).
This post deals partially with the timing of counterspell: Can a readied spell be Counterspelled after it is cast, but before the trigger occurs?
Feather fall - interrupts trigger
Trigger: when you or a creature within 60 feet of you falls.
A falling creature's rate of descent slows to 60 feet per round until the spell ends.
The effect description says that it slows creatures that are in the process of falling. This means that it interrupts the falling and is thus another exception. Again this is also clear because if feather fall did not interrupt the falling creature's decent, it would be useless as the ground will have stopped the creature already with potentially deadly results.
Hellish Rebuke - occurs after trigger
Trigger: being damaged by a creature within 60 feet of you that you can see.
You point your finger, and the creature that damaged you is momentarily surrounded by hellish flames.
Hellish rebuke does specify timing, but it aligns with the normal rules of reactions. The trigger is being damaged and the reaction occurs after that damage is resolved. So, this spell is not an exception.
See here for further discussion: Hellish Rebuke reaction with zero hitpoints
Soul cage - occurs after trigger
Trigger: when a humanoid you can see within 60 feet of you dies.
This spell snatches the soul of a humanoid as it dies and traps it inside the tiny cage you use for the material component.
The trigger is a humanoid dying and the spell snatches the soul as soon as its death is complete. Thus, this reaction does not interrupt the trigger and happens after the trigger is resolved.
Non-spell reactions
I'll go over the two most commonly used non-spell reactions. There are many abilities and other effects that are reactions so it would be incredibly unwieldy to go through and analyze them all. However, knowing and understanding these two should cover a large portion of your reaction timing issues in most games (in my experience).
Ready action - occurs after trigger
Trigger: variable
The ready action can be difficult to adjudicate because it is up to the person readying the action what they want the trigger to be. What makes this especially tricky is that there are no real guidelines for how specific of a trigger you can set which leads to some confusion when it comes to, for example, the question of whether you can interrupt the casting of a spell with a readied action (also see this).
One thing is quite clear though, the readied action is always carried out after the triggering condition is met. No matter how clever the exact trigger is worded, the readied action can never precede the triggering condition.
Opportunity attack - interrupts trigger
Trigger: when a hostile creature that you can see moves out of your reach.
An opportunity is thus taken before an enemy's movement completes and thus interrupts the trigger. The enemy is free to continue moving after the resolution of the opportunity attack if they are able.
The DMG also explicitly says that the opportunity attack interrupts its trigger:
These are all the spells with a casting time of reaction that are currently published and a couple examples of non-spell reactions.
You don't have to look at this list though as long as you remember adjudicating every single one of these things can be done just by looking at the particular ability by following one simple rule: if a timing is listed or implied use that timing, and have the reaction resolve after the trigger for all the others.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. \$\endgroup\$ – mxyzplk Mar 16 '18 at 5:41
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Snøhetta has unveiled the proposal of a new planetarium and visitor center for Norway's largest astronomical facility. Nestled in the dense forest of Harestua, located 45 kilometers north of Oslo in the municipality of Lunner, Solobservatoriet is the largest solar observatory north of the Alps.
Snøhetta's design comprises a brand new 1,500 m2planetarium as well as scattered interstellar cabins, each shaped like a small planet. The new facilities will offer a range of scientific activities within astronomy, sun studies and natural science. Here, researchers, school children, retirees and international tourists can embark on a journey into the world of astronomy and learn more about natural phenomena, such as the Northern lights and the night sky.
The new visitor's center is situated near the original solar observatory, a twelve-meter research tower built by the University of Oslo for the total solar eclipse of 1954. Today, the visitor's center is owned by the Tycho Brahe Institute, named after the 16th century Danish scientist and founder of modern observational astronomy. In developing the design of the planetarium, the architects studied simple principles from astronomy. imitating how planets orbit around the sun, the site's cabins — which can accommodate up to 118 guests in total — seemingly orbit around the planetarium.
The planetarium, the focal point of the project, has been conceived as a 'Celestial Theater'. The living roof, planted with grass and other vegetation, functions as a cross between landscape and built structure that visitors can access. Half-sunken into the ground, the three-story theater emerges from the earth as an orb engraved with constellations, gradually revealing itself as visitors approach. Internally, the 100-seat auditorium allows for a realistic projection of the stars and planets. This theater is surrounded by a reception, café, and exhibition area and a ramp that leads up to an exhibition mezzanine and the outdoor roofscape.
Surrounding the planetarium are the seven cabins, each with a different design. Clad with a variety of materials, some appear to be halfway driven into the ground, while others gently rest on the forest floor. Six of the cabins alternate between 8 and 10 meters in diameter and can accommodate up to 10 and 32 people respectively. Meanwhile, the smallest planet, zolo, is 6 meters in diameter and contains a two-bed cabin, offering guests an undisturbed night under the stars.


text:
With Carmen Mountain whitetail deer recently added to the roster of subspecies recognized by Safari Club International, more hunters are becoming interested in pursuing this elusive desert dweller before the record books fill up. Here's where you can find them, along with a look at the future of the subspecies:
The Carmen Mountain whitetail is named, not surprisingly, for the Sierra del Carmen range, which crosses the U.S.–Mexico border. The Carmen Mountains are located mainly in Texas; the highest point is Sue Peaks, in Brewster County, Texas, at over 5,800 feet above sea level.
The deer can be found on both sides of the Rio Grande, in Coahuila and Texas' Big Bend National Park.
Carmen deer are normally only found in certain mountain ranges, including the Burros (Coahuila, Mexico), Carmen (Texas and Coahuila), and Chisos, Chinati, Rosillos, Christmas, Del Norte, Vieja, or Dead Horse mountains (Brewster and Presidio Counties, Texas). They are rarely found below heights of 4,500 feet and tend to avoid flat ground.
The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park are home to the largest, most stable population of Carmen whitetails in the U.S. The high altitudes provide a perfect environment: the highest peak in these mountains, Emory Peak, stands taller than 7,800 feet above sea level. The temperatures here rarely reach extremes, sometimes climbing into the 80s during the summer and rarely falling below 20 degrees Fahrenheit at the coldest point in the year.
At the moment, it's unclear if the mountain ranges in Texas, other than the Chisos, will be able to support these deer in the long run. Their need for free-standing water and dense vegetation at high altitudes leaves them with a very limited habitat, and predation, hunting, and competition with livestock could destroy these populations. Between the limited opportunities and the conservation issues, these mountains are less highly recommended than other destinations.
Predation is a serious issue for Carmen whitetails—mountain lion attacks are the leading cause of death for them. Coyotes and bobcats are also known to prey on them.
GSS represents excellent outfitters operating in Coahuila, in locations where the populations are larger and more stable than most U.S. locations. However, the effect of human interaction on the Carmen Mountain whitetail deer population is unclear. Their elevated habitat and small size may help limit local hunting pressure, and while competition with livestock can sometimes be problematic, ranches that introduce new water sources at high altitudes can be beneficial. As always, hunt within the mindset that hunting is applied conservation. For additional information on hunting this whitetail deer sub-species, please contact Rick Kennerknecht at Global Sporting Safaris at _PHONE_, Extension 702.


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Home > Movies > Reviews
Tabu, Irrfan are brilliant in Namesake
Merril Diniz | March 09, 2007 14:07 IST
A still from Namesake
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When a book is made into a film, especially one that is penned by a Pulitzer-Prize winning author, there's more scope for potential disaster. Will the characters, locations, plots and sub-plots pan out as effectively on celluloid as they do in the reader's imagination? Mira Nair's The Namesake, adapted from Jhumpa Lahiri's book by the same name (she won the Pullitzer Prize in 2000 for Interpreter of Maladies), does not disappoint. In fact, it surpasses one's expectations.
The story begins in 1971 Kolkata, a time when foreign products dazzled us and visits by expatriate relatives were pretty much the event of the year. A young Bengali settled in the US, Ashoke Ganguli (Irrfan) marries a local girl Ashima (Tabu) and they migrate to the US. Some years down the line, Ashima gives birth to a son (Kal Penn). The basic premise of the film is this: How will this child survive in American society with a name as odd sounding and tongue twisting as Gogol Ganguli?
Nikolai Gogol is Ashoke's favourite author. A brilliant and eccentric man, who penned literary masterpieces like The Overcoat, he eventually starved to death.
His modern-day namesake Gogol Ganguli experiences all the usual clich�s associated with people with unusual names -- his American classmates poke fun at him during lessons on Russian Literature and women raise a quizzical eyebrow at the part when he reveals his name. He grows up, very annoyed. But also, sadly, with a misconception about the origin of his name. Little does he realise that it has a more profound explanation, than he could ever imagine.
Though the premise sounds flimsy, the film breathes life into the book's characters by leaps and bounds, expanding the central idea to encompass a whole lot more. It dissects the complex lot of the American Born Confused Desi and more importantly, their attitude towards India. But sans the caricatures and the clich�s.
A still from NamesakeIt traces a troubled son's pilgrimage back to his family and the realisations that don on prodigal children only in the face of immense tragedy. In fact, the film is a tribute to one's parents, but tackles the subject sans the emotional drama of say, a Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham. The accents, the sets, the costumes and the dialogues boast of an authenticity, which is often missing in Indian films set in a foreign country. And the cinematography boasts a host of frames rich in texture, especially in the scenes set in Kolkata.
Irrfan Khan brilliantly, effortlessly steps into the shoes (which read 'Made In USA') of the very Bengali, practical, cool-headed Ashoke, accent and all (though it slips in one or two places). The chemistry between Khan and Tabu is intense!
Kal Penn has a meaty role and finally, an opportunity to act. And he does a smooth job of it. The rest of the cast measure up perfectly, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
Though the film begins on a sombre pace (and slips back off and forth), it gains momentum post Gogol's birth. A person sitting next to me during the premiere complained that he couldn't relate to'such type of art films'. There are two aspects to this. If you thrive on escapist flicks, where the end is more sensational than the journey, forget it. The Namesake is very real, bringing out both humour and tragedy in situations where two very different cultures collide. Secondly, if you are an NRI, ex-NRI or a close relative of an NRI, these situations may seem more reminiscent of real life.
Rediff Rating:
Want to see this movie? Check out Rediff Movie Tickets!


text:
Posted by Lewis on May 17, 2004
In Reply to: Re: Hammer posted by R. Berg on May 16, 2004
: : : : Doe the phrase *Hammer something into someone* mean to force someone to to remember something by repeating it, and therefore equivalent of *cramming*?
: : : : thanks
: : : Yes and no. It does mean to repeat something forcefully and frequently. "Cramming" doesn't contain that element of repeating, repeating, repeating...
: : Isn't "hammering" something in akin to learning by rote?
: : Cramming is last-minute desperate learning as practiced by college students the night before a test.
: To hammer something into someone can mean to repeat the point forcefully with the goal of having the person take it seriously (e.g., obey a rule of behavior), not necessarily the goal of simply having the person remember it. Cramming is confined to learning facts, and students do it themselves. One doesn't cram somebody else.
it's a metaphor based on DIY/carpentry - if you 'hammer home' a nail, you knock it all the way in and if a lesson is 'hammered home' then that means that the importance has been strongly emphasised and the person learning has taken it in in the same way as a piece of wood takes a nail
- when a nail has been hammered home it cannot easily be removed. there is an implication of a lack of subtlety on the part of the teacher.


text:
The Listening Inventory (TLI) is an informal behavioral observation completed by parents and/or teachers for students between the ages of 3 to 17. The Listening Inventory is a first step to quantify behaviors to see if a child might need evaluation for auditory disorders and it can provide a starting point for discussions with the speech-language professional prior to formal evaluation of a child. Six areas are assessed and index scores are derived for each. The areas are:
auditory processes. TLI is a sensitive measure to identify those at risk for Auditory Processing Disorders (APD).
TLI is broadly tuned to identify a wide variety of APD characteristics.
TLI contains questions that help to identify four conditions that often overlap with APD.
TLI is a tool that is administered individually (Ages 3 through 17) and requires about 15 minutes to complete and score. Kit includes Manual, 25 Inventory forms, 25 Profile forms


slow, if there are enough of them running at the same time. Little known fact: all of the component accessors in MonoBehaviour, things like transform, renderer, and audio, are equivalent to their GetComponent(Transform) counterparts, and they are actually a bit slow. GameObject.FindWithTag has been optimized, but in some cases, for example, in inner loops, or on scripts that run on a lot of instances, this script might be a bit slow.
This is a better version of the script.
 // EnemyAI.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 private var myTransform : Transform;
 private var playerTransform : Transform;
 function Start () {
 myTransform = transform;
 playerTransform = GameObject.FindWithTag("Player").transform;
 function Update () {
 myTransform.position += myTransform.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime;
Minimize expensive math functions
Transcendental functions (Mathf.Sin, Mathf.Pow, etc), Division, and Square Root all take about 100x the time of a multiplication. (In the grand scheme of things, no time at all, but if you are calling them thousands of times per frame it can add up).
The most common case of this is vector normalization. If you are normalizing the same vector over and over, consider normalizing it once instead and caching the result for use later.
If you are both using the length of a vector and normalizing it, it would be faster to obtain the normalized vector by multiplying the vector by the reciprocal of the length rather than by using the.normalized property.
If you are comparing distances, you don't have to compare the actual distances. You can compare the squares of the distances instead by using the.sqrMagnitude property and save a square root or two.
Another one, if you are dividing over and over by a constant c, you can multiply by the reciprocal instead. Calculate the reciprocal first by doing 1.0/c.
Only execute expensive operations occasionally, e.g. Physics.Raycast()
If you have to do something expensive, you might be able to optimize it by doing it less often and caching the result. For example, consider a projectile script that uses Raycast:
 // Bullet.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 function FixedUpdate () {
 var distanceThisFrame = speed * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
 var hit : RaycastHit;
 // every frame, we cast a ray forward from where we are to where we will be next frame
 if(Physics.Raycast(transform.position, transform.forward, hit, distanceThisFrame)) {
 // Do hit
 } else {
 transform.position += transform.forward * distanceThisFrame;
Right away, we could improve the script by replacing FixedUpdate with Update and fixedDeltaTime with deltaTime. FixedUpdate refers to the Physics update, which happens more often than the frame update. But let's go even further by only raycasting every n seconds. A smaller n gives greater temporal resolution, and a bigger n gives better performance. The bigger and slower your targets are, the bigger n can be before temporal aliasing occurs. (Appearance of latency, where the player hit the target, but the explosion appears where the target used to be n seconds ago, or the player hit the target, but the projectile goes right through).
 // BulletOptimized.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 var interval = 0.4; // this is 'n', in seconds.
 private var begin : Vector3;
 private var timer = 0.0;
 private var hasHit = false;
 private var timeTillImpact = 0.0;
 private var hit : RaycastHit;
 // set up initial interval
 function Start () {
 begin = transform.position;
 timer = interval+1;
 function Update () {
 // don't allow an interval smaller than the frame.
 var usedInterval = interval;
 if(Time.deltaTime > usedInterval) usedInterval = Time.deltaTime;
 // every interval, we cast a ray forward from where we were at the start of this interval
 // to where we will be at the start of the next interval
 if(!hasHit && timer >= usedInterval) {
 timer = 0;
 var distanceThisInterval = speed * usedInterval;
 if(Physics.Raycast(begin, transform.forward, hit, distanceThisInterval)) {
 hasHit = true;
 if(speed!= 0) timeTillImpact = hit.distance / speed;
 begin += transform.forward * distanceThisInterval;
 timer += Time.deltaTime;
 // after the Raycast hit something, wait until the bullet has traveled
 // about as far as the ray traveled to do the actual hit
 if(hasHit && timer > timeTillImpact) {
 // Do hit
 } else {
 transform.position += transform.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime;
Minimize callstack overhead in inner loops
Just calling a function has a little bit of overhead in itself. If you are calling things like x = Mathf.Abs(x) thousands of times per frame, it might be better to just do x = (x > 0? x : -x); instead.
Optimizing Physics Performance
The NVIDIA PhysX physics engine used by Unity is available on mobiles, but the performance limits of the hardware will be reached more easily on mobile platforms than desktops.
Here are some tips for tuning physics to get better performance on mobiles:-
 - You can adjust the Fixed Timestep setting (in the Time manager) to reduce the time spent on physics updates. Increasing the timestep will reduce the CPU overhead at the expense of the accuracy of the physics. Often, lower accuracy is an acceptable tradeoff for increased speed.
 - Set the Maximum Allowed Timestep in the Time manager in the 8–10fps range to cap the time spent on physics in the worst case scenario.
 - Mesh colliders have a much higher performance overhead than primitive colliders, so use them sparingly. It is often possible to approximate the shape of a mesh by using child objects with primitive colliders. The child colliders will be controlled collectively as a single compound collider by the rigidbody on the parent.
 - While wheel colliders are not strictly colliders in the sense of solid objects, they nonetheless have a high CPU overhead.
Rendering Optimizations


text:
How To Make Fence in Minecraft: To ensure your safety in the Minecraft you need a fence. Of course, a fence helps to protect your hard work in the Minecraft. The Fence protects you Minecraft structure and farm and also helps to keep your animals inside.
Read More – Minecraft Apk Free Download
The main purpose to use a fence is to keep the animals in and mobs out. The fence technically takes up only 1 block space but works as 1 ½ spaces tall to prevent you from mobs from jumping over them. Proper lightning inside the fence area limit the mob attacks.
In the presence of fence, you can farm the animals effectively. Fences are guardrails along bridges and balconies you can fish over them. You can see through the fences like a glass but the mobs cannot see in.
Table of Contents
How To Make Fence in Minecraft
Fences are very useful in underwater construction, as they are not full solid block. So you can use them to create air pockets without the water dripping in. It is useful in creating a water elevator, waterproof door and fence walls.
Types of Fences You Can Make in Minecraft
1. Oak Fence
2. Spruce Fence
3. Birch Fence
4. Jungle Fence
5. Dark Oak Fence
6. Acacia Fence
7. Nether Brick Fence
You need different items that you require to collect before you can build a fence. Let check how to make the fence in Minecraft. Before we start, let me tell you the intergradient required to make the fence.
1. Oak Fence: 2 sticks and 4 Oak Wood Planks.
2. Spruce Fence: 2 Sticks and 4 Spruce Wood Planks.
3. Birch Fence: 2 Sticks and 4 Birch Wood Planks.
4. Jungle Fence: 2 Sticks and 4 Jungle Wood Planks.
5. Dark Oak Fence: 2 Sticks and 4 Dark Oak Wood Planks
6. Acacia Fence: 2 Sticks and 4 Acacia Wood Planks.
7. Nether Brick Fence: 6 blocks of Nether Brick.
Steps To Make Fence in Minecraft
1. First of all, you need to collect the intergradient which type of fence you want to make. You need to find a different kind of trees.
2. After collecting the required material and add them to your hotbar, now find the open area to build a fence.
3. Select the fence item in the hotbar. Place enough oak fence to make one side of your fence. The controls to place the fence depends on the version of Minecraft.
Read More – How To Make A Saddle in Minecraft
Making a Fence Gate
A fence gate works as a door and always opens away from you. It must be placed on a block but remains if the block is later mined away. The door protects the flow of water and lava even when open.
Moreover, zombies cannot break through a fence gate and villagers cannot open the door. The fence gates can be manipulated through Redstone such as pressure plates. You can make the fence gate in the Minecraft.
1. Oak Fence Gate: The material required is 4 sticks and 2 Oak Wood Planks.
2. Spruce Fence Gate: The material required is 4 sticks and 2 Spruce Wood Planks.
3. Birch Fence Gate: You need 4 sticks and 2 Birchwood Planks.
4. Jungle Fence Gate: Get 4 sticks and 2 Jungle Wood Planks.
5. Dark Oak Fence Gate: Take 4 sticks and 2 Dark Oak Wood Planks.
6. Acacia Fence Gate: Get 4 sticks and 2 Acacia Wood Planks.
Thus Minecraft is a creative game while making fence you can learn to engineer with the material. This creativity helps you to make a craftsmanship and to inspire you if you are planning for a new project. Steps To Make Fence in Minecraft.


text: High performance computing (HPC) is experiencing a phase change with the challenges of programming and management of heterogeneous multicore systems architectures and large scale system configurations. It is estimated that by the end of the next decade exaflops computing systems requiring hundreds of millions of cores demanding multi-billion-way parallelism with a power budget of 50 Gflops/watt may emerge. At the same time, there are many scaling-challenged applications that although taking many weeks to complete, cannot scale even to a thousand cores using conventional distributed programming models. This paper describes an experimental methodology, ParalleX, that addresses these challenges through a change in the fundamental model of parallel computation from that of the communicating sequential processes (e.g., MPI) to an innovative synthesis of concepts involving message-driven work-queue execution in the context of a global address space. The focus of this work is a new runtime system required to test, validate, and evaluate the use of ParalleX concepts for extreme scalability. This paper describes the ParalleX model and the HPX runtime system and discusses how both strategies contribute to the goal of extreme computing through dynamic asynchronous execution. The paper presents the first early experimental results of tests using a proof-of-concept runtime-system implementation. These results are very promising and are guiding future work towards a full scale parallel programming and runtime environment.


Spirited Away: Film Review
English Title: Spirited Away
Japanese Title: Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi
Company: Studio Ghibli
Country: Japan
Year: 2001
Australian Rating: PG
Classification: Fiction (anime)
Themes: self belief, courage, love
What's it about?
Chihiro and her family are moving far away from their old home to start a new life in the country. Her father takes a wrong turn and after a stroll all three become trapped in the Spirit World. Her parents are turned into pigs and Sen must sign away her name to work in the bathhouse under Zeniba. Lin takes her under her wing and she gets rather attached to Haku, the boy who took her to the bathhouse to begin with.
The animation is stunning. The story is enjoyable. Chihiro shows a lot of development through the film and becomes to believe in herself and stand up for her friends.
Nothing comes to mind.
Many have made the mistake thinking this is a straightforward story but as with most anime the themes and messages are always a lot deeper. I would use this in the classroom to teach concepts about some Japanese beliefs, such as the shrines and paying respect if younger students are viewing. I would not recommend it for any student below grade 3 as I feel they would have difficulty understanding the actual film and "getting" the point.
The film has some very strong character types and I have used this movie to each about them with grade 6 and 7 students. We focused on Haku, Chihiro, Zeniba and Lin predominately looking at how each character evolves throughout the film.
If you are thinking of using this movie in a standard classroom - use the English version. If you teach a Japanese language class I recommend the Japanese with English subtitles.
Japanese vs. EnglishBoth the Japanese and English versions are well done. I personally prefer the Japanese version slightly over the English and this is more to do with the subtle differences in dialogue than anything else.
There are a few differences between the Japanese and English versions.
* Japanese version the character is Rin / English version Lin
* Haku's fate is worded differently between the versions and does impact on what happens 'after'
* The ending dialogue by Chihiro is not on the Japanese version
Parental Permission* This movie is higher than the standard G rating allowed to be shown in most schools.
* You will most likely be required to get parental permission for your class to view this movie.
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 at many of the articles I realized it's new to me. Nonetheless,


of an ant or a grain of sand can't be zero. In fact any length that you can measure is not zero. In book terms we could have written the change in y as δy and change in x as δx.
Then δy/δx = ((x+ δx)2-x2)/ δx
and we get δy/δx = 2x + δx
Then we could say that when δx approaches zero, he limit of δy/δx becomes dy/dx = 2x.
That 's how we define the slope of a continuous function in Calculus and you call it a differential or a derivative of y with respect to x or dy/dx. That's what Calculus is all about; rise divided by fall which is the slope of any variable with respect to another.
Johnny: But we said that McLinton Road followed the function y = x2/10, not y = x2.
Sara: We could do the calculation for y = x2 times a constant and see what happens. I could write δy/δx = ((x+ δx)2-x2)/ δx x c and then get the slope to be (2x + δx) x c and dy/dx to be 2x x c.
Here c =1/10 so the slope would be 2x/10. This is what I drew for dy/dx at different values of x. Its instantaneous slope at any given value of x is 2x/10 or x/5.
Johnny: This is getting confusing. This graph is a straight line.
Sara: Yes. It is a straight line in which the North/West slope increases with the increasing distance towards West. It is what I said before," Look at how McLinton Road goes more West than North at the start but at the end it goes mostly North without going much towards West." The function describing McLinton Road was y = x2/10, its first derivative was x/5. The slope of this line at any given point is x/5. That's the same value you got when you did the calculation for dy/dx.
The second derivative
Johnny: So we are done with the derivate of y = x2/10. Okay. I suppose, we could also get the derivative of y = x/5.
Sara: Remember that y = x/5 graph is a straight line. The slope of a straight line does not change with x. It's constant. In this case you can see that it will be 1/5.
Johnny: What do you call the slope of a slope of a function?
Sara: It is called the second derivative or d2y/d2x.
Johnny: That means d2y/d2x = 1/5 which is a line without any slope or you can say with a slope of zero. Does that mean for the McLinton Road curve y = x2/10, the slope of the slope of the slope or third derivative d3y/d3x will be zero? Wow, that's neat.
Johnny paused for a while as if to digest it all but then fired more questions.
Johnny: What if the function was a sum of expressions, how would you determine the derivatives? Like in Algebra we learned the quadratic equation y = ax2 + bx + c.
Sara: That's simple. We can take the derivative of each part and then sum them. dy/dx for ax2 is 2ax, for bx it is b and dy/dx for c is zero. We can sum up the derivatives of each of the three components to get dy/dx = 2ax + b + 0.
Johnny: What is the derivative of y = x3?
Sara looked in the book and said: For any value of n, the derivative of y = xis nxn-1. Here is a interesting one, the book says that dex/dx = ex.
Johnny: What, is e the Eurler's constant here?
Sara: We could prove it using e as an the sum of an infinite series but let us leave it for now.
Sara thought that Johnny was impressed but seemed somewhat lost about the meaning of all the derivatives. She thought for a few minutes before saying anything.
What do the derivatives mean?
Sara: Remember when we go in a car, we read the distance traveled on the odometer. Then we also talk about the speed of the car which is the distance traveled per hour or the first derivative of the distance traveled with respect to time. The second derivative is acceleration which is the rate at which your speed increases. Some car companies advertise how fast they can increase their acceleration. That would be the third derivative.
Johnny: Now, that makes sense. Otherwise, you had me lost.
Sara: Here is a joke I read on the internet about derivatives.
"U.S. President Richard Nixon, when campaigning for a second term in office, announced that the rate of increase of inflation was decreasing, which has been noted as "the first time a sitting president used the third derivative to advance his case for re-election."
Johnny: That's funny. The guy was a crook. Now that you mentioned the third derivative, I read in the newspaper today, "The decline in the pace of home sales in the Vancouver region appears to have sped up significantly…".
 Johnny's car is parked. When he starts it and pushes on the gas paddle, after time t it would have covered the distance (d) given by d = 0.5 at2 where a is 3 meters/sec2. The speed of the car after time t is given by the first derivative (ds/dt). How fast will the car be moving 10 sec after it is started?
Solution: d = 0.5 at2Therefore, ds/dt = 0.5 a x 2 t = at
With a = 3 meters/sec2 and t = 10 sec, ds/dt = 30 meters/sec which is 108 km/hour.
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text:
Level B2 - Dès que, Depuis que, Jusqu'à ce que
Master three subordinating conjunctions with and without the subjunctive
Level B2 - French Subordinating Conjunctions: Dès que, Depuis que, Jusqu'à ce que
If you have taken my course on using the French subjunctive with coordinating conjunctions (and even if you haven't yet), it's an excellent idea to get some extra practice using dès que + indicative, depuis que + indicative, and jusqu'à ce que + subjunctive.
This course includes:
- 1 page lesson guide with examples
- 50 practice cards with answer key
- 20 question written exercise with answer key
This French resource is included in my money saving FRENCH COURSE FOR SELF-LEARNERS.
Jennifer is originally from Louisiana, and has been teaching French for over 20 years. She has been living in France with her husband and children since 2013, and continues to teach French both online and locally. She completed a BA in French and English, and taught French and moved to France for a year before completing an MA degree in French literature and language. While living in the US, she taught French for 15 years at Saint Louis University High School, a Jesuit college preparatory school for young men.


text:
|The Victoria & Albert Museum|
This delicate jewel of marine coral and African gold depicts intricately carved flowers emerging from a woven basket. This sort of naturalistic jewelry became especially popular in the mid-Nineteenth Century, especially in Italy where this bracelet was made. Coral's softness allowed for easy carving, but it could also be used in its natural form, taking advantage of the appeal of its natural branches in styles reminiscent of those from Asia and Africa.
Most of the coral used in Europe came from the sea near Naples, Italy, and the medium quickly became a favorite symbol of world travel around 1815.


text:
The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, revised 2004, originally published 1999, p. 372
After a brief but eventful career that embodies the hopes and humiliations of African Americans at mid-twentieth century, the hero of Ralph Ellison's celebrated 1952 novel Invisible Man retreats to a secret basement room on the edge of Harlem. There he patiently composes and reflects upon the story we are about to read. "I am invisible," he explains, "simply because people refuse to see me."
Making pictures out of stores was once the main business of the visual arts. The rising modernist tradition consigned the practice to the margins of advanced art; for most of the past century, "illustration" has been a term of contempt. In this large, richly detailed and thoroughly absorbing photograph, Wall has all but single-handedly reinvented the challenge.
The novel's eloquent prologue is short on specifics, except one: the 1,369 lightbulbs that cover the ceiling of the underground lair. Starting with this fantastic detail, Wall scrupulously imagined in his Vancouver studio the concrete form of Ellison's metaphorical space. Ambitiously reviving a forgotten art, he made visible the Invisible Man.


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convert -append 1.jpg 2.jpg out.jpg
This command appends 1.jpg and 2.jpg vertically. What is the command to do this horizontally?
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up vote 5 down vote accepted
Instead of -append, use +append as follows:
convert +append 1.jpg 2.jpg out.jpg
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text:
Sun Damage: How the Sun can Damage Horses
Horse Health – Sun damage – Everything Horse Magazine
Whilst we all love the weather that British summer time can provide, sun exposure can be as problematic for horses as it is for ourselves. Here Anna Hollis, Senior Clinician in Equine Oncology at the Animal Health Trust, takes a look at the hidden dangers of sun burn and squamous cell carcinoma
Horses with poorly pigmented areas of skin are at high risk of sun damage developing into sun burn. Commonly affected areas are the muzzle and around the eyes in horses with white markings or in certain types of breed such as Appaloosas.
Sun burn can happen due to simple excessive exposure to sunlight, but can also indicate other problems. Sun burn is more likely to occur when a horse is exposed to St John's Wort (ragwort) because when eaten, pigments from the plant are absorbed and react with sunlight causing 'photosensitisation', where pink skin becomes seriously sunburnt under normal exposure to sunlight.
Sun burn can happen due to simple excessive exposure to sunlight, but can also indicate other problems. Sun burn is more likely to occur when a horse is exposed to St John's Wort (ragwort)
Photosensitisation can also be a sign of liver disease. It is more likely to occur when the function of the liver is compromised. It is difficult to distinguish between photosensitisation and sunburn in horses, but if your horse shows signs of sunburn under normal exposure to sunlight, it is prudent to rule out other potential causes.
Sunburn can be prevented by the application of horse safe sunblock. Avoiding sun exposure is another effective way of minimising risk. Only turn out on overcast days or avoid periods of high exposure by restricting turnout to early morning and late evening only, avoiding the middle part of the day.
Sun damage and squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of cancer in the horse. SCC is thought to develop in response to the damaging action of ultraviolet light in areas where there is no protective skin pigment or hair. Chronic skin irritation and possibly viral infections may also be contributing factors. The most common risk factor is the pattern of skin pigmentation – pale areas are susceptible – and the most common location is the skin around the eyelids, closely followed by the third eyelid. These are areas of high sun exposure.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of cancer in the horse. SCC is thought to develop in response to the damaging action of ultraviolet light in areas where there is no protective skin pigment or hair.
There is no gender predisposition to these tumours. Breeds with little pigment in these areas, such as Appaloosas and Quarter Horses are however predisposed. Interestingly, squamous cell carcinomas are also fairly common on the penis, which is not an area that is typically exposed to sunlight. The reasons for this are unclear, but a viral cause has been suggested.
These lesions often have a characteristic appearance, resembling a very small pink cauliflower. However they can also look like an ulcer, an unusual pink area, or a crusty, non-healing wound. Any horse with a suspicious skin lesion should be examined by their vet. Horses with non-pigmented skin around their nose or eyes should be protected from the sun to reduce the risk of developing SCC; there are UV protective eye masks and special sun creams available which are advisable for any horse at risk.
How can we treat an SCC?
Traditionally, SCC is removed by surgical procedures. This can be an effective treatment, but recurrence or sometimes even spread of the tumour can occur. Other treatments are often given alongside surgical removal (or instead of surgery if this is not possible). These are usually topical chemotherapy agents that are applied onto or injected into the tumours, or radiotherapy. Radiotherapy has several advantages over topical treatments, and is now available at the Animal Health Trust.
The most effective form of radiotherapy for most SCC is called strontium plesiotherapy. Strontium plesiotherapy involves the direct application of a radioactive source to the tumour surface. The major advantage is that the type of radiation emitted penetrates only a few millimeters. This means that a large dose of radiation can be applied to the surface without adversely affecting deep tissues. This means that the tumour tissue is destroyed, but delicate surrounding structures (such as the eye) are not affected.
Strontium plesiotherapy has been successfully used in the treatment of tumours located in many difficult areas in dogs, cats, and horses and represents a real advance in the treatment of these lesions. Strontium may be performed under standing sedation in some locations, and under a short general anaesthetic for others. Depending on the size of the tumour, treatments are usually given in 3 sessions, spaced 48 hours apart. Each treatment takes around 5-10 minutes depending on the size of the area being treated. Between treatments the horse can be treated as normal. This treatment is suitable for both tumours that cannot be surgically removed and those that have been removed. The procedure can also be used to treat some other types of skin cancers in the horse.
Prevention is better than cure
As with all conditions, prevention (where possible) is better than cure. If your horse has pink skin, take precautions to avoid excessive sun exposure: use sun block on these areas to help prevent sun damage and avoid exposure to the sun during the middle of the day to reduce the risk of sunburn and the development of SCC.
For more information on the Animal Health Trust visit _URL_
If you are in any doubt over your horse's health we recommend you seek help from your registered veterinarian.


text:
Australian Urban Expansion
Australian cities and towns are constantly evolving to suit the living requirements of an ever growing population. Australia's current population of more than 22 million in 2011 has grown significantly from approximately 15 million in 1981 with the majority of population growth occuring in Australia's urban environment.
This satellite image gallery shows the expansion of Australia's major towns and cities in every State and Territory since the 1980's. Residential expansion, new infrastructure (such as freeways), and changes in environmental features including reservoirs and dams can all be seen through comparison 'swipe' imagery.
Geoscience Australia and its predecessor agencies have been acquiring satellite imagery for over 30 years resulting in an Australian Government collection continaing more than 400 000 images. The diversity of uses for this information ranges from environmental monitoring and management, to directing emergency management agencies and assisting border protection control.
This Urban Expansion Satellite Image Gallery displays both true and false colour images from the Landsat series of satellites comparing before (top image layer) and after images captured over a +20 year period. These images are also provided in high resolution JPEG format and may be freely reproduced on the condition they are accompanied with the accreditation shown in the caption for each image.
Further enquires regarding the use of these images can be sent to _EMAIL_
Australian Capital Territory
New South Wales
Topic contact: _EMAIL_ Last updated: March 18, 2013