How to Adjust the Temperature on a Moen Anti-Scald Shower Faucet
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You can adjust the temperature on a Moen anti-scald shower faucet.
Image Credit: LOOK Photography/UpperCut Images/GettyImages
Moen is well known for its high-quality, affordable faucets for the kitchen and bath. The company offers a line of anti-scald faucets that allow the user to set and control the temperature of the shower to avoid accidentally turning water to uncomfortably hot temperature.
As the weather changes throughout the year, it may be necessary to change the settings on these anti-scald faucets. Although a hot water heater stays at a stable temperature, the incoming cold water to the house varies in temperature as seasons change, meaning these settings may have to be adjusted for winter and summer usage.
Adjusting Moen Faucet Water Temperature
The Moen Posi-Temp line for showers uses a pressure-balanced system to specifically control the temperature range; their Moentrol line has a similar application but lacks the precise control of the Posi-Temp.
These controls work by using (different) mechanisms to prevent the full opening of the hot water line. This protects the user from accidentally reaching uncomfortable and potentially dangerous hot temperatures in the shower.
Adjusting this mechanism changes the balance of hot and cold water, which adjusts the water temperatures accessible by the Moen anti-scald faucet. It isn't necessarily difficult to adjust this stop, although details vary, depending on the model of faucet in the shower.
Preparing the Faucet
First, purge the line of cold water. Open the Moen faucet handle to the hottest position and allow the water to run until hot. Shut off the water to the faucet using the supply valves; these are usually behind the shower wall.
If these aren't accessible, you may need to shut off water to the entire bathroom. Figure out the most appropriate access point and be sure the water is shut off by opening the faucet to let the line completely drain.
Next, remove the handle from the faucet. Depending on the model, the set screw for the handle may be hidden under a decorative cap; some set screws need a Phillips screwdriver, while others require an Allen wrench. Remove the set screw and pull the handle off the wall.
Adjusting the Set Point
With most models, the cartridge stop ring will be visible. Sometimes there is another screw that you will need to remove with a Phillips screwdriver. Beneath this you should find the limit stop ring, which you can pull out just enough to disengage with the teeth beneath.
To decrease the set temperature (for cooler water), turn the ring or knob counterclockwise. Small increments can make a big change, so turn less than a quarter-turn at first before checking the water temperature.
To increase the set temperature (for warmer water), turn the ring or knob clockwise a small increment. Insert the stop piece back into the sleeve.
Reassembly of the Faucet
Reinstall the outer piece and tighten the set screw. Slide the handle back onto the stem and secure its set screw in place. Turn the water supply back on, run the shower as normal and then test the temperature to make sure the adjustment is sufficient. Repeat steps as necessary until you find the perfect temperature range.
If the shower hasn't been used in a while and you're seeing only hot or only cold water, the entire cartridge may need to be replaced as the inner pieces can get stuck during nonuse. Try to run the shower at least once a week for at least five minutes to prevent this from happening.
Danielle Smyth is a writer and content marketer from upstate New York. She holds a Master of Science in Publishing from Pace University. She owns her own content marketing agency, Wordsmyth Creative Content Marketing, and she enjoys writing home and DIY articles and blogs for clients in a variety of related industries. She also runs her own lifestyle blog, Sweet Frivolity.
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Connection Queue Information
In Proxy Server, a connection is first accepted by acceptor threads associated with the HTTP listener. The acceptor threads accept the connection and put it into the connection queue. Then, request processing threads take the connection in the connection queue and process the request. For more information, see Connection-Handling Overview.
Connection queue information shows the number of sessions in the connection queue, and the average delay before the connection is accepted by the request processing thread.
The following is an example of how these statistics are displayed in perfdump:
Current/Peak/Limit Queue Length 0/1853/160032
Total Connections Queued _PHONE_
Average Queue Length (1, 5, 15 minutes) 90.35, 89.64, 54.02
Average Queueing Delay 4.80 milliseconds
The following table shows the information displayed in the Admin Console when accessing monitoring information for the server instance:
Table 2–1 Connection Queue Statistics
Present Number of Connections Queued
Total Number of Connections Queued
Average Connections Over Last 1 Minute
Average Connections Over Last 5 Minutes
Average Connections Over Last 15 Minutes
Maximum Queue Size
Peak Queue Size
Number of Connections Overflowed
Ticks Spent
Total Number of Connections Added
Current /Peak /Limit Queue Length
Current/Peak/Limit queue length shows, in order:
If the peak queue length, also known as the maximum queue size, is close to the limit, you can increase the maximum connection queue size to avoid dropping connections under heavy load.
Total Connections Queued
Total Connections Queued is the total number of times a connection has been queued. This number includes newly-accepted connections and connections from the keep-alive system.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queue Length
The Average Queue Length shows the average number of connections in the queue over the most recent one-minute, five-minute, and 15-minute intervals.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queuing Delay
The Average Queueing Delay is the average amount of time a connection spends in the connection queue. This represents the delay between when a request connection is accepted by the server and when a request processing thread begins servicing the request. It is the Ticks Spent divided by the Total Connections Queued, and converted to milliseconds.
This setting is not tunable.
Ticks Spent
A tick is a system-dependent value and provided by the tickPerSecond attribute of the server element in stats.xml. The ticks spent value is the total amount of time that connections spent in the connection queue and is used to calculate the average queuing delay.
This setting is not tunable.
Total Number of Connections Added
The new connections added to the connection queue. This setting is not tunable.


Germany: Rainbow stadiums to commemorate Holocaust
source: [MK]
Germany: Rainbow stadiums to commemorate Holocaust This weekend German stadiums might be more colourful than usually. Illuminations, corner flag, captains' armbands – these are some of the means to commemorate LGBT people as part of this year's Remembrance Day in German Football.
When Bayern announced that Allianz Arena would shine in rainbow colours this weekend, some commentators on social media were amused, others stunned, some irritated. Presumably part of the reaction was owed to the fact that it's part of the annual Holocaust Memorial Day.
The initiative isn't Bayern's alone, though. All clubs of Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga are using the week around January 27 (Auschwitz liberation anniversary) to remind fans about the cruelty of Nazi Germany, in order for the history to not repeat itself. Thus the hashtag _TAG_ or _TAG_. And this year the theme is LGBT, which means rainbow illuminations are paired with rainbow flags, armbands, interviews and other materials published by clubs.
Allianz Arena© FC Bayern
Why the link between Holocaust and LGBT?
Remembrance Day in German Football is a 17-year-old annual initiative, aimed at commemorating Auschwitz in a way that would prevent it from ever happening again. A theme is selected every year to honour those killed or persecuted by the Nazi regime.
Choosing sexual minorities is no coincidence. It's estimated that as many as 100,000 men were sanctioned for homosexualism during Nazi rule (_PHONE_), with one in ten of them ending up in concentration camps, others incarcerated and/or castrated. Those most unlucky were subject to cruel experiments.
Difficult history
One of such people was Emil Martens, HSV president of _PHONE_. Remembered by the club this weekend, Martens was first imprisoned and then castrated after release. He joined the Nazi party but that failed to shelter him from further persecution.
There are more stories like these, some still being uncovered as part of continued efforts to document the history of football during Nazi rule. Some clubs commission historical studies to learn about their own involvement. This was the case for Schalke 04, who ordered a study in 2004 and are still trying to learn the fate of some minority players, officials and sponsors, who fell victim to Nazism.


Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: A Comprehensive Analysis
By | December 21, 2020
Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: The Parliament makes a separate set of statutes, rules and legislation as well as constitutional provisions under their well-defined powers. While the framing of these provisions has to be done very carefully, conflict still occurs sometimes due to overlapping in their enforcement. This is because there are chances of certain gaps being left while framing of these provisions, which could not have been foreseen by legislators. To deal with such conflicts, certain doctrines and rules are propounded by courts that are used in the interpretation of statutes. One such rule of interpretation is the Doctrine of Harmonious Construction.
This article provides an overview of the doctrine along with case laws.
I. Meaning of the Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction is considered as the thumb rule to the rule of interpretation of statutes. The doctrine states:
"Whenever there is a case of conflict between two or more statutes or between two or more parts or provisions of a statute, then the statute has to be interpreted upon harmonious construction. It signifies that in case of inconsistencies, proper harmonization is to be done between the conflicting parts so that one part does not defeat the purpose of another."
The doctrine is based on a cardinal principle in law that every statute has been formulated with a specific purpose and intention and thereby should be read as a whole. The normal presumption is that what Parliament has given by one hand is not sought to be taken away from another. The essence is to give effect to both the provision. To avoid conflict, the adopted interpretation of the statute should be consistent with all its provisions.
If there seems an impossibility to harmoniously construe or reconcile the parts/provisions, then the matter rests with the judiciary to decide and give final judgment. The aim of the courts is to do interpretation in a manner that it resolves the repugnancy or inconsistency between the provisions and enables the statute to become consistent as a whole and read accordingly.
II. Origin of the Doctrine
The Doctrine of Harmonious construction was originated through interpretations given by courts in a number of cases. The evolution of the doctrine can be traced back to the very first amendment made in the Constitution of India with the landmark judgment of Shankari Prasad v. Union of India [1]. The case dealt upon the conflict between part III (Fundamental Rights) and IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) that form as basic features of the Indian Constitution.
The court applied the rule of Harmonious Construction and held that Fundamental rights being rights given against the state can be taken away in certain situations and can be amended as well by the Parliament to bring them in conformity with constitutional provisions. Preference was given to both and it was decided that FRs and DPSPs are just two different sides of the same coin that requires working together for the public good.
Historically, this doctrine was evolved through the rule of conciliation first propounded in the case of C.P and Berar Act [2]. The court applied this rule of interpretation to avoid overlapping or inconsistency between entry 24 and entry 25 of State list and read them harmoniously by determining the extent of the concerned subjects.
III. Applicability of the Doctrine
To quote courts view on the application of the doctrine of harmonious construction:
"When there are in an enactment two provisions which cannot be reconciled with each other, they should be so interpreted that; if possible, the effect should be given to both." [3]
It is a well-settled principle that a statute must be read as a whole and in a manner that one part/provision of the act is harmoniously construed in reference to the other provisions of the same Act so as to provide a consistent enactment of the whole statute. [4]
There are five principles of this Doctrine as laid down by the apex court of India in the case of CIT v. Hindustan Bulk Carrier:
 1. "While interpreting, the court has a duty to avoid a "head-on clash" at all cost between two sections of the same act
 2. The interpretation should be done such that the provision of one section doesn't defeat the purpose of another unless it is impossible to effect a reconciliation between them
 3. When it is impossible to reconcile the contradictory provisions, then courts must interpret in a way to give as much as possible effect to both provisions
 4. A Construction that reduces one of the provisions to a "useless lumber" or "dead letter" is not harmonious construction
 5. Lastly, to harmonize is not to destroy any other statutory provisions." [5]
The aforesaid principles give the basic yet clear explanations on the usage of the rule of Harmonious Construction while interpreting parts of any statute.
Moreover, when two provisions of a statute are in apparent conflict with each other, then both must be interpreted in a way that it gives effect to both and no such construction should be adopted that renders either of the provisions useless or inoperative except in the last resort. The Supreme Court has clearly illustrated the use of this principle in Raj Krushna v. Binod Kanungo [6] case.
Section 33(2) and 123(8) of ROPA, 1951 were in apparent conflict. Where section 33(2) talks about the power of a government servant to nominate or second a person in an election, the other section 123(8) specifies that a government servant cannot assist any candidate in the election except by casting his vote [7]. The court interpreted both sections harmoniously and held that a government servant has both the right to nominate or second a candidate but forbidden to assist in any other manner and he also has the right to vote.
IV. Relevant Case Laws
To have a fair understanding of the concept of this interpretation rule, it is important that we read upon its actual applicability in relevant case laws.
The first is the landmark judgment in the history of the Indian Constitution, M.S.M Sharma v. Krishna Sinha. The Petitioner in the case was alleged with that he has breached the privileges of the speaker for publishing a speech which was delivered by the member. A show-cause notice was issued to the Petitioner for why action should not be taken against him.
Issue of the case: Whether the privileges under Art. 194(3) prevail over the fundamental right under Art. 19 (1)(a)? [8]
Petitioner's Contention: The action taken by the Committee and the notice sent stands in violation of his fundamental rights under Art 19 (1)(a) and Art. 21. However, since the respondent relied on the Art. 194(3), the rule of interpretation was involved as to which provision shall prevail.
Held: The Supreme Court applied the rule of harmonious construction and held that though Art. 194 (3) is subordinate to Art. 21 but Indian Constitution is the supreme law in the country and therefore, a person can be expunged from publishing the official records of the Assembly. This is not a complete prohibition on FR of that person.
Further, in the case of M. Nanavati vs. State of Bombay [9], the matter was related to the power conferred to the Governor under Art 161 and the court has to interpret the scope of Art 161 and Art 142 (1) of the constitution. In the present case, Bombay HC passed sentence against the accused. The petitioner then approached the Governor who passed a suspension order against the sentence of Bombay HC.
When the matter reached before Hon'ble Supreme Court, the court applied the rule of Harmonious Construction and held that the absolute power of granting suspension to the Governor under Art 161 becomes absolved when the matter becomes sub judice. In such situations, there is a complete scope of interference with the judicial power of the court under Art 142.
Recently in the case of Department of Customs vs Sharad Gandhi [10], the Hon'ble Supreme Court has again applied the principle of Harmonious construction to resolve the inconsistency between the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 and Customs Act, 1962. The Bench observed the "inconsistency" found in Article 254 of Indian Constitution between laws made by Parliament and state legislatures stating: If the law made by the state is repugnant to the law made by the parliament, then law made by the parliament shall prevail to the extent of repugnance [11]. However, in the present case, the court observed that both the said act have been made by Parliament.
V. Conclusion
It is clear that there is always a possibility of ambiguity or gaps in the laws made by the legislature. To fill those gaps, Harmonious construction as a rule of interpretation of statutes plays a huge role in giving maximum effect to the statutory provisions. Today, considered as a chief tool in hands of our Judiciary, the rule helps two confronting laws work together harmoniously in delivering justice to society at large.
[1] Shankari Prasad v. Union of India, AIR (1951) SC 455.
[2] Re C.P. and Bera Act, AIR (1939) FC 1.
[3] Venkataramana Devaru v. State of Mysore, 1958 AIR 255.
[4] Justice GP Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretation, 9th edn (2004) 131.
[5] CIT v. Hindustan Bulk Carriers (2003) 3 SCC 57.
[6] Raj Krushna Bose v. Binod Kanungo & ors, 1954 AIR 202.
[7] Representation of People Act, 1951 Section


text:
Advantages disadvantages and form of area economic integration to a large economic union between european union and nafta are that they both. Economic integration european union euro documents similar to disadvantages of eu enlargement advantages and disadvantages of eu. I will give a prospect of advantages and disadvantages for european states, through european integration union is changing its direction from economic. The advantages of being a member of the european monetary european monetary union, trade, advantages, euro, integration economic integration between the eu.
Gains in trade trade gains are one of the major advantages of regional integration for individual member states besides the european union, other trade-related. The european union, also known as just the eu, is a union of 28 countries that work together in political and economic matters the majority of the union member. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of the this has been a criticism levied against the european union economic integration can cause the concentration of. A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement a northern european economic alliance between the 12th and 17th advantages and disadvantages. European integration - a comparative perspective between romania and the integration, the economic in the european union, advantages and disadvantages.
Euro – advantages and disadvantages effort to unify the countries of the european union has allowed a widespread integration of economic activities. The european union is a political and economic union the eu has expanded in terms of size and integration european harmony - european union countries are no. Belarus in the ces: advantages and disadvantages is even stricter than the benchmark for european union member states advantages of economic integration. The european union, the euro, and equity market integration discount rates as well as economic integration through their impact on capitalized growth.
Advantages and disadvantages of european advantages of european integration for see and european union is changing its direction from economic community. Considering accession to the eurasian economic union: for azerbaijan, disadvantages outweigh advantages wwwcesdaz with the soviet union thus in order to influence. Free essay: spain is a member of the european union the european union is an economic and political union of 27 member nations which are located in europe. The paper discusses the advantages (associated benefits) cost and benefits of integration in the european union and in the economic monetary union.
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The benefits and challenges of economic detail the benefits and challenges of economic & monetary union but in the european union 1st. Advantages and disadvantages of economic integration in european union influential integration in the world it is not only an economic integration, but also a. 9 foremost advantages and disadvantages of the european union the european union is a political and economic union made up of 28 member states that are primarily. Advantages and disadvantages of joining a currency union many advantages it has few disadvantages in the case of european union all the 12. The european union, most commonly referred to as the eu, is a union of 28 different countries in europe that have established political and economic policies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: This paper documents the tendency of mutual fund managers to follow analyst recommendation revisions when they trade stocks, and the impact of analyst revisioninduced mutual fund herds on stock prices. We find that mutual fund herds follow consensus revisions in analyst recommendations, controlling for common investment signals that affect both analyst revisions and mutual fund trading. Consensus upgrades result in herds of funds buying a stock, while consensus downgrades result in even bigger herds of funds selling. Our most important finding is that mutual fund herding impacts stock prices to a much larger degree during our sample period (1994 to 2003) than during prior-studied periods. Further, we find the first evidence that mutual funds appear to overreact when they herd in their trades - stocks heavily bought by herds tend to underperform their size, book-tomarket, and momentum cohorts during the following year, while stocks heavily sold outperform. These reversal patterns are even stronger when herds of mutual funds (especially funds with poor performance records) follow analyst recommendation revisions. An investment strategy that accounts for the direction of both analyst revisions and mutual fund herding generates a return (adjusted for size, book-to-market, and momentum) exceeding six percent during the following year. Our results remain robust when we condition fund herding on analyst earnings forecast revisions instead of recommendation revisions. Overall, our study finds that the interaction between sell-side analysts and mutual fund managers plays an important role in setting prices in equity markets.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Audio (US) (file)
aftertaste (plural aftertastes)
- A taste of something that persists when it is no longer present.
- The persistence of the taste of something no longer present.
- Many people think certain artificial sweeteners have an unpleasant aftertaste.
- Of wine, finish.
The persistence of the taste of something no longer present
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.


text:
Prophetically Incorrect: A Christian Introduction to Media Criticism
- Sales Rank:579,900
- Format:Kindle eBook
- Language:English (Published)
- Media:Kindle Edition
- Number Of Items:1
- Publication Date:August 1, 2010
The Bible includes prophetic speech and at times the church and its representatives are called to speak prophetically. But in our media-saturated age when many claim to speak for God, how can we evaluate the avalanche of supposedly prophetic speech? What does it mean to truly be prophetic? And when Christians should speak prophetically, how can they do so in a biblical and effective way? Using vivid examples, this book offers clear guidelines for creating, critiquing, and consuming popular media, as well as practical suggestions for faithful communication. It also helps readers think critically about communication technology. The book includes a foreword by Quentin Schultze and a preface by Clifford Christians.
CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. THIS CONTENT IS PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR REMOVAL AT ANY TIME.


text:
Books for Heritage Trip Preparation
Written by Lotus Travel on 16 Apr 2018
Want to prepare yourself and your child as you think about heritage travel. Here are some top recommendations:
Heritage Trip Books
From Home to Homeland: What Adoptive Families Need to Know Before making a Return Trip to China, Edited by D. Jacobs, I. Ponte & L. Wang.
- This is the definitive and ideal guide for any family contemplating making a return birth country visit. It has compilations from parents and adopted children alike, and all journeys were not ideal, but offer many learning insights. This resource also includes several professional insights and is the "classic" for adoptive parents on the edge of planning a return visit.
Wuhu Diary: On Taking My Adopted Daughter Back to Her Hometown in China by Emily Prager
- This is an account of a return trip Prager made with LuLu, her five-year-old daughter, in an effort to reintroduce LuLu to her roots. They spend an extended time and go beyond the typical tourist locales as they visit nursery schools and amusement parks.
When You Were Born in China: A Memory Book for Children Adopted from China, by Sara Dorow and Stephen Wunrow
- It covers various conversational techniques and guidelines for discussions over the adoptees' birth country-China. Strong visual photographs enhance the level of enjoyment and imagination during the explorations of adopted children's initial cultural heritages.
Kids Like Me In China, by Ying Ying Fry and Amy Klatzkin
- Written from the perspective of an adopted Chinese girl, this book is an overview of her experiences, in which many adoption aspects that adults often struggle to explain are included.
If the World Were a Village: A Book About the World's People, by David Smith and Shelagh Armstrong
- This clever idea is created in this book that reduces the world population of approximately six billion to a more manageable one hundred. This allows the reader context to understand crucial statistics for comparison and understanding. This is a delightful resource to help kids and adults understand each of our own unique place that we occupy within the world.
ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED BY


text:
Limestone mine - During a blast, fly rock left the mine site and struck the windshield of a pick-up truck traveling by on a public road near the mine site. The driver and the passenger both received minor injuries.
- Consider mine specific conditions and rock strata when designing blasts to prevent fly rock. Closely follow mine policies and procedures through all phases
- of the blasting operation.
- Maintain and use all available methods of communication, such as sirens and radios, to warn persons of impending blasting operations.
- Schedule blasting between shifts or on off-shifts. Utilize suitable blast shelters for all persons at the mine site during blasting.
- Take special precautions to ensure that all roadways and regularly traveled areas are blocked to prevent access by persons unaware of an impending blast.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to find a time for office hours that accommodates all of my students.
Does there exist a web app that will let me determine, say, two different 1-hour blocks of time for which my students are all free for at least half of each hour? I've already determined that for every half-hour block of time, at least two students have a conflict (and so my naive algorithm for solving this problem doesn't work).
There are of course hacks to do this: I could have each student create a google calendar and add them all to one calendar. I am simply optimistic that someone has already implemented a better way to do this.
share|improve this question
closed as off-topic by Al E., jonsca Mar 3 at 4:43
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Yes, try Doodle.
share|improve this answer
Don't know if your students have Google accounts, but Google Calendar has a feature of organizing events and will show you the calendars for all participants in order to find a spot when everyone is free.
share|improve this answer


HomeGr. Level Lesson Plans Poem Generators Google Classroom
Graphic Organizers
Google Classroom
iPad Classroom Integration iPad - Mac
Graphic Organizers
Narrative Writing - How I Lost My Tooth
Assignment: Students write a narrative about how they lost a tooth. Students will recount how they lost a tooth using the sequence of "First", "Next", "Then", and "Finally". When you are teaching this, demonstrate how to increase the font size, search for appropriate images, size and position images, and delete images.
Grade 1 +
Write narratives in which they recount two or more appropriately sequenced events, include some details regarding what happened, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide some sense of closure. Common Core Standard: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.1.3
Finished Example - How I Lost My Tooth
Prompt students to write a sequenced story about how they lost their tooth using "First, Next, Then, Finally".
How I Lost My Tooth


Some results on value distribution of the difference operator
Document Type : Research Paper
1 Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing College of Arts and Sciences, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
2 Department of Mathematics, Shandon university, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
In this article, we consider the uniqueness of the difference monomials $f^{n}(z)f(z+c)$. Suppose that $f(z)$ and $g(z)$ are transcendental meromorphic functions with finite order and $E_k(1, f^{n}(z)f(z+c))=E_k(1, g^{n}(z)g(z+c))$. Then we prove that if one of the following holds (i) $n \geq 14$ and $k\geq 3$, (ii) $n \geq 16$ and $k=2$, (iii) $n \geq 22$ and $k=1$, then $f(z)\equiv t_1g(z)$ or $f(z)g(z)=t_2,$
for some constants $t_1$ and $t_2$ that satisfy $t_1^{n+1}=1$
and $t_2^{n+1}=1$. We generalize some previous results of Qi et. al.
Main Subjects


text:
Peak Search Help
- Use this option to search for a certain peak, quickly listing all peaks that match your search string.
- For Peak Search, you must enter at least three characters.
- Do not enter any wildcard characters--the search automatically searches any part of a name.
- Do not abbreviate any words. Type "Mount Saint Helens", not "Mt. St. Helens".
- The maximum number of search results for any Peak Search is about 100.
- For common peak names, you can filter by selecting a Nation and/or State from the drop-down lists. Select a blank row to clear this filter.
- Searching is not case-sensitive and ignores all accents and diacritics.
- The results are in order of how many page hits a Peak has received on this site, so the most popular results should be listed first.
Radius Search Help
- This will return a list all nearest peaks to a point, ordered by distance from the given point.
- For Radius Search, use WGS84 decimal degrees for latitude and longitude. South latitude and west longitude are negative. For example: 47.5, -122.84
- Radius Search results will only find peaks within 100 km of the latitude/longitude, and only the closest 20 peaks if there are more than 20.
- To do a Radius Search around a peak, do a "Peak/Range Search" first, and the results will have a "Radius Search" link for every returned peak.
- Checking one of the "Ladder" boxes will return a list of peaks in ascending order of elevation or prominence, starting from the given point.
- Every page for an individual peak on the site has a "Radius Search" link, plus links for the Elevation and Prominence Ladders.
Mountain Range Search Help
- Use this option to search for a mountain range. The rules for searching match those used for a Peak Search.
Site Search Help
- Use this option to search for text in trip reports, peak descriptions, or any other text on the site.
- The Site Search may not have indexed recently added or updated content.


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CAN YOU DO READINGS OVER THE PHONE?
In person readings are what I recommend. Feeling and seeing your energy is important. Your aura that surrounds your body is provides us with a better understanding of who you are. In person readings are more interactive.
IS A SPIRITUAL READING A RELIGIOUS THING?
Spirituality is a sense of connection to something bigger than ourselves. Some define this as a search for the meaning of life. Spiritual readings provide intuitive guidance on life's path. Religion promotes a set of beliefs. It's possible to be spiritual without being religious and religious without being spiritual.
HOW LONG DOES EACH READING SESSION TAKE?
It depends on the type of reading but usually about an 1.5 hr. Generally speaking I don't put a time limit on readings. Clients are always welcome to come back and ask questions the week following the reading free of charge.


What is the X in X-mas?
ancient history
the study or a course of study of history before the end of the Western Roman Empire a.d. 476.
information or an event of the recent past that is common knowledge or is no longer pertinent:
Last week's news is ancient history.
an event, as in a person's life, that occurred in the remote past and has no practical relationship with the present:
She was my best friend in high school, but that's ancient history now.
1585-95 Unabridged
Cite This Source
British Dictionary definitions for ancient history
ancient history
the history of the ancient world from the earliest known civilizations to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 a.d
(informal) a recent event or fact sufficiently familiar to have lost its pertinence
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
Cite This Source
Slang definitions & phrases for ancient history
ancient history
noun phrase
Something or someone from the past, esp an old romance: Max is ancient history
Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.
Cite This Source
Idioms and Phrases with ancient history
ancient history
A past event, as in She's talking about her sea voyage, but that's ancient history, or And then there was his divorce, but you don't want to hear ancient history. This hyperbolic idiom transfers the field of ancient history to a much-repeated tale.
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for ancient history
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for ancient
Scrabble Words With Friends
Quotes with ancient history


text:
The Space IL organization has set an ambitious goal for itself – to send an Israeli spaceprobe to the moon in 2015. The project received significant backing on Monday when the Bezeq telecommunications company announced it had signed on.
Bezeq will provide the advanced communications infrastructure needed for the spaceflight and also support Space IL's educational activities.
The vessel will weigh less than 140 kilograms (308 pounds), making it the smallest spacecraft ever to land on the moon.
Space IL hopes the project will demonstrate ground-breaking technological capabilities in the field of building miniature smart spacecraft, which cost about a tenth of typical spacecraft.
Bezeq will be responsible for the probe's transmissions from the moon to a control center in the city of Yehud, in central Israel.
"This remarkable cooperation will enable us to meet the tremendous technological challenge and inspire the young generation," Space IL chairman Yanki Margalit said of Bezeq's support.
Space IL is a non-profit group set up by Israeli space enthusiasts to take part in the international Google Lunar X PRIZE competition. According to the Google Lunar X PRIZE website, a $30 million prize will be given to the first privately funded team that lands a robot on the moon, has the robot travel 500 meters on the lunar surface and sends back video, images and other data to Earth.
"We are motivated by a mission: to reinvigorate the Israeli start-up nation by undertaking a challenging task that will ignite the imagination of the country's young generation," Space IL's website says. "Driven by a national mission to advance Israel's scientific and technological fields, Space IL is determined to push ingenuity further than ever before."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Ring Culture Pots
Traditional Ring Culture is where Bottomless Plant Pots are rested on a bed of porous aggregate (such as gravel). By following the Ring Culture method you avoid root diseases and you allow roots access to a large amount of moist material - this is why Ring Culture Pots are ideal when growing greenhouse crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and aubergines that are susceptible to soil-borne problems.
You can adapt the traditional method of ring culture to get the best crops from your grow bags. Simply position three Bottomless Pots on top of the grow bag - removing the polythene under each pot so the plants roots can grow straight into the bag. Plant into the Bottomless Pots. As your plants grow simply top up the pots with more compost - this encourages the growth of extra roots out of the covered stem - resulting in stronger plants. Growing plants in this way you can also create a two tier root system - by watering into the pot and into the grow bag.


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What is a Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)?An SHSP is a statewide-coordinated safety plan that provides a comprehensive framework for reducing highway fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. The SHSP strategically establishes statewide goals, objectives and key emphasis areas developed in consultation with federal, state, local and private sector safety stakeholders.
The SHSP plan process is a requirement of the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). In general, the federal HSIP requires that state transportation departments develop an SHSP that:
- Includes consultation from a variety of stakeholders during the development process.
- Analyzes and makes effective use of crash data.
- Addresses the 4Es plus management and operations. (The 4Es are engineering, enforcement, education and emergency services.)
- Considers the safety needs of all public roads.
- Describes a program of projects or strategies to reduce or eliminate safety hazards.
- Is implemented and evaluated.
When will Iowa's SHSP be revised?Over the next few months, the Iowa DOT, along with many highway safety interests, will discuss and then develop an updated Strategic Highway Safety Plan.
Why now?The Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan was developed in 2006 and a peer review was conducted in 2011. It is time for an update.
How is the Iowa SHSP developed?This effort is led by the Office of Traffic and Safety and will be similar to the 2006 Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan. The process will include collaboration to analyze Iowa safety data, and identify safety improvement strategies and opportunities.
For more information, contact: SHSP program manager


Simulink Design Verifier
Using Existing Coverage Data during Subsystem Analysis
Measuring the Coverage of the Subsystem
The sldvdemo_autotranssldvdemo_autotrans model is a closed-loop simulation model. The subsystem ShiftLogicShiftLogic is a Stateflow® chart and represents the controller part of this model. Test cases designed in the Signal Builder block ManeuversGUIManeuversGUI drive the closed-loop simulation. You can use the cvtestcvtest and cvsimcvsim functions to measure the model coverage achieved for this subsystem inside the closed-loop simulation model. In this example, specifying the input to cvtestcvtest as a path to the subsystem rather than to the model name results in measuring the coverage for the subsystem only. Also, the second input to cvsimcvsim specifies the time interval to simulate the model and it is derived from the time range of the current pane in the block ManeuversGUIManeuversGUI.
test = cvtest('sldvdemo_autotrans/ShiftLogic');
test.settings.decision = 1;
test.settings.condition = 1;
test.settings.mcdc = 1;
signalBuilderBlock = sldvdemo_signalbuilder_block('sldvdemo_autotrans');
signalBuilderTime = signalbuilder(signalBuilderBlock);
simulationStopTime = signalBuilderTime{1,1}(end);
existingCovData = cvsim(test,[0 simulationStopTime]);
cvhtml('Existing Coverage', existingCovData);
Finding Test Cases for Missing Coverage
Before you can use existing coverage data during test generation, the data must be saved to a coverage data file(.cvt). You can use existing coverage data by specifying the coverage data path in the Coverage data file parameter and setting Ignore objectives satisfied in existing coverate data parameter to on in the Test Generation pane of Simulink Design Verifier configuration parameters.
In this demonstation, the first input to sldvrunsldvrun specifies the subsystem to analyze. Instructing Simulink Design Verifier to analyze a subsysyem is beneficial when the controller part of a model needs to be tested separately or when you want to divide the analysis of a large model into smaller, manageable parts.
As you can see in the report, Simulink Design Verifier only finds test cases for the coverage objectives that are not covered in the existing coverage file. Notice that 4 coverage objectives in the subsystem ShiftLogicShiftLogic are proven to be unsatisfiable. This is expected because the logic inside the Stateflow chart ShiftLogicShiftLogic uses temporal events and since this chart updates at every sample time, usage of temporal conditions should be satisfactory. Also note that, dead code within a subsystem will always be a dead code in the model containing that subsystem.
The harness model generated by Simulink Design Verifier is built by extracting the contents of the subsystem ShiftLogicShiftLogic into a Test Unit component that is fed by a Signal Builder block that captures the generated test cases.
opts = sldvoptions;
opts.IgnoreCovSatisfied = 'on';
opts.CoverageDataFile = 'existingcov.cvt';
opts.SaveHarnessModel = 'on';
[~, harnessModel] = fileparts(fileNames.HarnessModel);
Clean Up


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The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was developed recently to unify international efforts in the management of the disease. The most important GOLD objective is raising awareness that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an increasing health problem. The first step in the GOLD program was to prepare a consensus report, named "Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD," based on best-validated evidence and current pathogenetic and clinical knowledge. It encourages implementation of effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management of the disease in all countries, and emphasizes the importance of renewed research initiatives.


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Meaning of Business and Profession
Business simply means any economic activity carried on for earning profits. According to Sec 2(3) business is "any trade, commerce, manufacture or any adventure in the nature of trade commerce and manufacture". Any transaction with a motive of selling at profits included under this concept. It is not necessary that there should be a series of transaction in a business and it should be carried on permanently.
Profession is an occupation requiring purely intellectual skills or manual skills controlled by the intellectual skill of the operator. e.g. Lawyer, doctor, engineer etc. So profession refers to those activities where the livelihood is earned by the persons through their intellectual or manual skill.
The following income shall be chargeable to income-tax under the head Profits and gains of business or profession,
1) The profits and gains of any business or profession which was carried on by the assessee at any time during the previous year
2) Any compensation or other payment due to or received by any person in connection with a business or profession
3) Income derived by a trade, professional or similar association from specific services performed for its members
4) Profits on sale of a license granted under the Imports (Control) Order, 1955, made under the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1947 (18 of 1947) ;]
5) Cash assistance (by whatever name called) received or receivable by any person against exports under any scheme of the Government of India ;]
6) Any duty of customs or excise re-paid or re-payable as drawback to any person against exports under the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1971 ;]
7) Value of any benefit or perquisite, whether convertible into money or not, arising from business or the exercise of a profession;
8) Any interest, salary, bonus, commission or remuneration, by whatever name called, due to, or received by, a partner of a firm from such firm:
9) Any sum received under a Key man insurance policy including the sum allocated by way of bonus on such policy.… Read More »


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Monitoring Ice-dammed Glacier Lake Outburst Floods in the Karakoram Using Visible-Infrared Satellite Remote Sensing Observations
MetadataShow full item record
Glaciers are an important part of the hydrological cycle because they act as freshwater storage. Glacier ice contains about three-quarters of the world's freshwater; supplying most of the base flow for rivers originating from high mountains (National Snow & Ice Data Centre, 2015). Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) are one of the common natural hazards in high mountain environments. The lack of a long term and regional GLOF monitoring program in the high mountain, has posed significant challenges in understanding the relationship between glacier mechanics and GLOFs in a changing climate. Remote sensing observations from space offer a promising alternative to reduce the number of in situ field surveys used to monitor glaciers and GLOFs. This thesis contextualizes the physical characteristics and hydrological, climatological, and societal importance of the Karakoram glaciers. Various approaches in GLOF monitoring and modelling are discussed in detail. The resulting objective of this research is to assess the practicality of modeling ice-dammed GLOFs using visible-infrared satellite observations and digital elevation models (DEM) available in the public domain. Kyagar Lake, Lake Virjerab, and the historical 1929 Chong Khumdan event are identified as case studies based on previous GLOF events in the Karakoram. Cloud-free satellite images between 1975 and 2015 were retrieved from the Landsat 2-8 archive. Lake extent isolation was performed using an object-based feature extraction and lake volume was estimated by integrating the feature extraction results with a DEM. GLOF magnitudes were estimated using the Clague and Mathews (1973) empirical model and the Walder and Costa (1996) semi-physical model. Model estimates were compared with limited observation data of flood discharge and lake volumes to evaluate the model performance. This research confirms the practicality of using satellite remote sensing observations to monitor GLOFs through the case studies and historical GLOF reconstruction. The results suggest that further research on integrating radar satellite observation, high resolution DEMs, and a continuous record of river discharge data in the Karakoram mountains, would provide a better understanding of the GLOF dynamics. Multiple upcoming Earth observation satellite missions and the accumulation of current Earth observation data would make possible a long-term and regional scale GLOF monitoring program.
Cite this work
Jeffrey Chan (2016). Monitoring Ice-dammed Glacier Lake Outburst Floods in the Karakoram Using Visible-Infrared Satellite Remote Sensing Observations. UWSpace. _URL_


Importance of Communication with Patients In a Healthcare Setting
This word achieve harangue the concern of communicating efficiently in a vigortrouble elucidation. It is grandly relevant that physicians and all medical staff imbisect after a conjuncture endurings. Message is how medical staff, physicians and endurings ascertain out living instruction. The medical staff learns instruction environing the enduring and the deduce for the investigate. The physician learns further environing the enduring through chat and haranguees the deduce for the investigate. The enduring learns instruction environing the ends that are going on after a conjuncture him or her and how to go environing solving the ends. This can be considered a stamp of ongoing fetter reaction. Everyone should imbisect efficiently after a conjuncture one another owing after a conjunctureout comely message, we do not fashion any recognition. Healthtrouble facilities can use proficiency in the messages area. There are ways to appliance efficient message expertnesss. Message is a key rudiment in the vigortrouble scope. Clinical or medical staff and physicians should imbisect further efficiently after a conjuncture endurings. Having impecunious message expertnesss can origin solemn ends among vigor trouble staff and collectrs. "Poor message expertnesss after a conjuncturein a vigor trouble elucidation can effect in misintelligence and mediocre decisions that could adversely desire a enduring's vigor and welfare" (Ponte 2011). Impecunious Message [Communication demand is a grand aider in clinical outcomes. A material bisect of instruction end comes from message among vigor trouble workers. Message errors were endow to be the deep origin of hospital deaths. Message infrastructure influences message bearing after a conjuncturein organizations. Interruptive message is one of the indirect bearings observed in impecunious message (Parker & Coiera 2000). Impecunious message can be peevish into a unconditional bearing by adopting steps to imbisect further efficiently. Poor messages can desire a enduring's vigor and welfare. Impecunious message can so guide to collectr and enduring traitorship. Having potent message expertnesss is a must for new practitioners. Written language are a rise of impecunious message. Getting aid from mentors environing how to be a amieffectual communicator would be a grand fancy (Ponte 2011). Keeping a enduring from comely frustrated after a conjuncture a physician or a medical staff rudiment can be handled comelyly if everyone imparts efficiently after a conjuncture one another. When explaining things to a enduring, it is best to construct secure the enduring easily implys anything. There are appended steps one can procure to aid a enduring imply and that could be as undesigning as giving out a tractate or word environing the end(s) or flush giving the enduring printed out documents that the enduring can interpret. Also, harangueing any questions and concerns the enduring may possess can be a stamp of efficient message. Patient amends can go a crave way and if the enduring is content then the chances of that enduring returning is lofty. Message Concern [The word from http://www. apa. org tells why it is so relevant for endurings to imbisect after a conjuncture physicians. Sometimes endurings confide tail from interrogation questions. Also, some reach intimidated so for-this-reason they don't unquestionably chat after a conjuncture the physician. Sharing instruction is an relevant rudiment of vigor trouble. Research indicates that efficient message is tied to unconditional medical outcomes (Weir 2012). Some endurings may be a trivial shy to chat after a conjuncture the physician environing vigor concerns. If comely message expertnesss are used then the physician may be effectual to imbisect after a conjuncture the enduring to get him or her to unreserved up and chat environing the vigor problems. Gaining the appreciation of faith can aid construct a enduring reach further commodious. In arrange to indicate what may be going on after a conjuncture your matter you demand to be effectual to imbisect after a conjuncture the physician. The word from the Journal of the American Medical Association tells how some endurings cognizance ends after a conjuncture physicians not heeding owing they are frequently too occupied. Effective message after a conjuncture endurings can procure opportunity, but it so requires that physicians procure the opportunity to heed closely to each enduring. Some medical trains and residency programs don't collect ample teaching environing efficient message expertnesss. However, medical teaching on ward and residency levels requires material efforts to correct message expertnesss conjuncture in train. Flush though counsel and technology has spent balance the spent few decades the best medical trouble consists of recognition in counsel and message expertnesss (Levinson & Pizzo 2011). Not barely is message relevant, heeding is relevant as polite. One must earliest heed in arrange to imbisect efficiently after a conjuncture a enduring environing any ends or concerns. "But the heart expertness of amieffectual message is heeding" (Handzo 2012). Some physicians do construct you reach relish they are rushing you to permission the station and some act relish they are in a speed for star further relevant. No one lacks to go to a doctor's station or a hospital to entertain trouble and reach relish they were proportioned there for rush. Making a enduring reach relevant and respected should be a initiative. Listening and Intelligence [Communication is key, but casually easier said than done. Using language that endurings imply is a big dispense. You lack to construct secure to use language a enduring can imply so that they in-fact do easily imply what you are maxim. Listening is a heart expertness for amieffectual message, but amieffectual heeding is environing having a amieffectual implying. Patients lack to be heeded to and most of all respected (Handzo 2012). Patients are further relishly to imply their vigor problems if they can imply their doctors. A physician's similarity after a conjuncture each enduring is built on efficient message (Travaline, Ruchinskas, and D'Alonzo 2005). Verbal and nonverbal message are twain essential in vigor trouble. A physician who can efficiently imbisect bad tidings after a conjuncture a enduring in a benevolent form achieve be effectual to correct and confirm their enduring-physician similarity. It is relevant for a physician to be effectual to imbisect twain unconditional and indirect tidings after a conjuncture a enduring (Travaline, Ruchinskas, and D'Alonzo 2005). Disposal [In disposal, message is very relevant. Listening is so relevant owing you must heed in arrange to impart. In vigorcare, message plays a material role. Everyone, including medical staff, physicians and endurings must imbisect efficiently after a conjuncture one another. Poor message can imagine errors and misintelligence. Having a amieffectual implying environing your vigor is relevant. If a enduring does not easily imply star, there are ways to aid them imply such giving the enduring a word that covers further instruction environing the end(s) he or she is having. Efficient message can go a crave way in the vigortrouble scope.


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How Tech Companies Are Transforming Their Workplaces with Utilization Data
Jo-Ann Mann, Serraview
By Jo-Anne Mann
Tech companies have long been pioneers of workplace transformation by necessity, with an incessant need to keep up with growth and attract top talent. With Smart Offices now an indelible part of the workplace landscape, utilization data is increasingly at the heart of the workplace revolution, opening new frontiers for enhancing savings and reimagining the employee experience
Unfortunately, gathering and analyzing this information hasn't always been easy. Now, with technological advances, tech companies are discovering new ways to capture and use space utilization data. Here's how:
A Changing Space Utilization Landscape for Tech Companies
Utilization data is essentially any data that reflects how spaces are actually being used, which can mean how many people have swiped into a building on a given day, or how many times a conference room was at capacity according to a smart sensor.
Once upon a time, companies were forced to rely on professionals to physically walk through buildings, floor by floor, and conduct manual audits. This method relied heavily on physical observations and estimates—some that weren't always accurate. These manual methods also required time-intensive processes, tedious number crunching, and were rather limited in their applications to the daily life of employees.
As utilization data has become more accessible and as the workplace technology designed around utilization has become more nuanced and robust, Smart Offices are now taking shape in many forms, with systems that capture utilization to inform workplace planning/modernization, to employee wayfinding apps that connect people to their spaces.
Utilization is Driving the Flexible Space Revolution
With greater insight than ever before on how much space is needed, the supply and demand for different types of spaces, and where individuals are within the office environment, Tech companies can now measure flexible spaces with greater precision than even the most traditional and static cubicle farm.
This has led to the rise of Activity Based Work environments, where sections of offices are redesigned to be unassigned, offering employees an exciting array of choices for places to work throughout the day. In the past, this may have been untenable, but Utilization data means that companies can continuously optimize these environments based on how they are used. Peak utilization metrics tell companies exactly how many seats they need to provide business units, and wayfinding applications ensure that employees can always find their colleagues and view the availability of spaces in real-time.
Today's most advanced workplace software specializes in leveraging utilization data into solutions for planning, managing, navigating, and optimizing flexible spaces.
How Tech Firms Can Use Utilization Data
With this new caliber of data, there are new possibilities for space planning. Here are some ways to use utilization numbers to build a better workplace:
Align Workplaces to Employee Needs
Organizations can use heat maps to determine the optimal combination of spaces based on what activities they support. This way, organizations can find the right balance of meeting rooms, lounges, phone booths, hot desks, and other key space types.
Plan for Peak Utilization
In a traditional office environment, everyone was assigned a seat and once all seats were assigned, that office was at full capacity… but how many people actually show up on any given day? And what about part-time and remote opportunities? Peak utilization tells organizations the maximum number of people that show up on any given day of the year, so they can plan based on how much space they actually use, instead of how much space is assigned.
Enhance Precision of Wayfinding Technology
Utilization data can feed employee apps with real-time insights into where colleagues are located and which rooms are available.
Target Gaps and Inefficiencies
Utilization data makes it easier for professionals to eliminate wasted space by identifying gaps between how space is assigned and how it is used. Just as a building assigned to 300 people may rarely see more than 200 in attendance, the same principle can be applied from the floor level down to the individual desk.
Increase Capacity with Ratio-Seating
With utilization data, organizations can assign seating ratios to different shared neighborhoods that increase capacity beyond one seat per person, and continuously refine that ratio over time. A ratio of 1.5 people per seat, for example, represents a 50% increase in building capacity.
Improve Energy Efficiency
Especially with increasingly flexible schedules, it's easy to run air-conditioning, lights, or other utilities when employees aren't around. With real-time utilization data, it's now possible to use energy more efficiently. By capturing the numbers, planners can set the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system to line up with employees' schedules—saving money and reducing the company's environmental footprint.
Evaluate Move Scenarios
By integrating utilization data with scenario planning software, organizations can test and evaluate how different move scenarios would impact their people and their bottom line.
Make Evidence-Based Business Cases
It's now possible to capture the numbers to justify moves. Using validated utilization data from badge entry swipes, lighting sensors, and other sources provides evidence where there once were just estimates to get buy-in from all key decision makers.
Overall, tech companies finally have the tools and automation to power better space planning. Technology is taking the guesswork out of utilization data, and it's resulting in better outcomes. Want to see how technology can fit into your space planning initiative? Schedule a demo today.
Best Practices For The Modern Workplace


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Stages of Marriage
The psychologist Paul Tournier said, "I've been married six times – all to the same woman." Tournier explained that he never got divorced, but rather his marriage transitioned from one stage to another.
All healthy marriages experience change and transition. That's what keeps them alive and growing. Some of the stages of growth are predictable, others are not.
We provide an Overview of the Stages of Marriage. Then, for simplicity, we've divided marriage into the chronological time frames of:
- Newly Married (0 – 5 years)
- Middle Years (6 – 25 years), which usually coincides with the active parenting stage
- Later Years (26+ years), also known as the "empty nest" years
Not all marriages fit neatly into these categories. Those in second marriages may find times shortened; however, certain developmental tasks generally take place during each stage.
All healthy marriages experience change and transition. That's what keeps them alive and growing.
Another way of looking at transitions in marriage is through cycles of growth. Most relationships move through cycles that include:
- Mature Love
In this framework, the stages emerge more quickly, with disillusionment often coming soon after the honeymoon. Mature love evolves-hopefully-after several years of marriage.
In The 7 Stages of Marriage (2007), Harrar and DeMaria identify the stages as:
However you describe it, the essential point is that a marriage is a process. It evolves. It helps to know what to expect at the various stages. Otherwise, normal transitions may be misinterpreted as loss of love or reasons to divorce.


Friday, August 08, 2008
a lesson from Beijing
After watching the opening ceremony at the Beijing Olympics, I'm reminded of how a different beauty emerges from large masses of people as from groups and individuals. Over two thousand drummers synchronize their actions to create an awesome spectacle that's simply not possible in any other way.
Games are increasingly able to include vast numbers of objects and characters -- coordinately directly or indirectly, or acting separately. Keep in mind that sheer numbers can change aesthetic and narrative possibilities. Through masses, you can create experiences for players that are essentially different from encounters with individuals and groups.
 1. And let's not forget the wonderful "fog" effects outside the stadium. That added such a wonderful touch as well.
 2. Yeah but I blame all the fireworks for that!


text: We investigated the cellular behaviors that accompany the early stages of pharyngeal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. The embryonic pharynx develops from a ball of cells into a linear tube connected anteriorly to the buccal cavity and posteriorly to the midgut. By using GFP reporters localized to discrete subcellular regions, we show that pharyngeal morphogenesis can be divided into three stages: (1) lengthening of the nascent pharyngeal lumen by reorientation of apicobasal polarity of anterior pharyngeal cells ("Reorientation"), (2) formation of an epithelium by the buccal cavity cells, which mechanically couples the buccal cavity to the pharynx and anterior epidermis ("Epithelialization"), and (3) a concomitant movement of the pharynx anteriorly and the epidermis of the mouth posteriorly to bring the pharynx, buccal cavity, and mouth into close apposition ("Contraction"). Several models can account for these cellular behaviors, and we distinguish between them by physically or genetically ablating cells within the digestive tract. These studies provide the first description of how the pharynx primordium develops into an epithelial tube, and reveal that pharyngeal morphogenesis resembles aspects of mammalian kidney tubulogenesis.


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The Songs from Long Road
Book Description HTML | Report this book
The Songs from Long Road is a loose mosaic of 34 songs and four chapters of prose that deal with the Hopi Indian legend of Pahana. The story assumes that Pahana is/was a real figure, and attempts to place him in the historical context. As such, Long Road selects important historical and religious events in Western, American, and Mesoamerican history, add tales from American Indian mythology, and blends them into a narrative. With a blend of prose and poetry, The Songs from Long Road gives the reader a colorful and distinctly different viewpoint.


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Marine Wildlife Encyclopedia
Acoel Flatworm Waminoa species
The diminutive acoel flatworms look like colored spots on the bubble coral on which they live. Their ultra-thin bodies glide over the coral surface as they graze, probably eating organic debris trapped by coral mucus. Acoel flatworms have no eyes and instead of a gut, they have a network of digestive cells. They are able to reproduce by fragmentation, each piece forming a new individual. The genus is difficult to identify to species level and the distribution of acoel flatworms is uncertain.


Military Whistleblower: Secret Mars Base Exists, "I Worked There"
Military whistleblower, Captain Kaye, has revealed to ExoNews TV that he served 17 years at a secret military base on Mars. His mission was to apparently protect five civilian space colonies.
His claims include:
 - Humans reside inside a crater on Mars called Aries Prime
 - Aries Prime is the HQ for 'Mars Colony Corporation'
 - Mars is a warm planet
 - The air on Mars is breathable
 - There are 2 indigenous intelligent species on Mars
Inside info on Top Secret Mars Base Revealed reports:
Captain Kaye is currently seeking documents to verify his incredible experiences, and for now offers his testimony as evidence of a break away human civilization based on Mars. Parts of his testimony is consistent with the claims of other whistleblowers who have previously come forward to reveal secret events on Mars. Michael Relfe, for example, claims that he also was recruited for a 20 year tour of duty that involved covert operations on Mars. Also, Laura Magdalene Eisenhower, the great granddaughter of President Eisenhower, claims that covert efforts were made to recruit her to join a colony on Mars that was headed by famed physicist, Dr Hal Puthoff. Finally, Captain Kaye's claims that Mars has a breathable atmosphere is supported by a number of NASA images revealing small animals on the surface.


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PVC water belt use precautions
High temperature resistant hose
It is also a kind of steam hose, which is mainly used to transport hot water with a temperature greater than 100 degrees and less than 180 degrees. We all know that the maximum temperature of water at a standard atmospheric pressure is 100 degrees, but if the pressure of the closed pipe is more than 100 degrees, the hose must be pressurized and temperature. The higher the pressure, the greater the pressure. High-temperature water-receiving hoses When selecting the type, the pressure of the hose must be taken into consideration to prevent the steam hose from rupturing or injuring the equipment due to too much pressure. It is preferable to use a threaded joint or a high pressure joint to ensure the safety of the hose.
High temperature resistant acid hose
Because the material of the steam hose is generally EPDM rubber or EPDM rubber, this rubber has good corrosion resistance, so the steam hose can also be used to transport various acids with high temperature, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Wait.learn more about Hydraulic pipe leakage solution


How many calories do you burn skateboarding?
A lot has been said and discussed about shedding excess weight. Routine workout, is however, considered the best and most ideal way to keep your body fit. Swimming, riding a bicycle, and weight lifting can help you lose calories not only fast but in an effective way.
Skateboarding, on the other hand, is a good workout activity many did not know canhelp to improve your agility, flexibility, and balance.Away from that, the main focus here is to know the number of calories you can losewhen skateboarding: – An in-depth study to understand all you need to know aboutburning calories.
Understanding calories.
Calorie (usually denoted cal) is a unit of energy. Different foods provide different levels of calories. Macronutrients are what provide energy from food.
How many calories can one burn in an hour?
You can burn around 396 – 406 calories after an hour of skateboarding. However, it all depends on a few factors; Age, weight, and the intensity of workout play a significant role in the number of calories you can burn.
Transition skateboarding can help you burn over 769kcal an hour. But, you need to understand that over-exercising can not only cause fatigue, but it can lead to injuries and decreased performance.
When skateboarding, you are no different from a person who is working out in the gym or playing football. As a skateboarding enthusiast, you work out every single part of the body. From the toes muscles to the muscles around your arms, you would not notice quickly.
Relationship between calorie, fat, and skateboarding.
Each gram of fat is equal to 9 calories. When you have ingested more calories than what the body needs, it is converted and stored as fat. Excess fat, on the other hand, is not good. Studies show that the consumption of fatty acids in the body without exercise can expose you to risks like cardiovascular disease.
So how does skateboarding help?
To lose the excess fat, you need to go for skateboarding regularly. Depending on your weight and age, the fatty acids in your body will reduce immensely.
Below is an explanation of how to calculate the number of calories you can lose when doing exercise.
Different activities can be measured by their "MET Values." These values determine the average and overall amount of energy required.
When you multiply the MET (Metabolic equivalents) value by your weight in kilograms, you will know the number of calories burnt.
Example: If you sit quietly for an hour, a 60kg person will burn 60 calories (kcal). If he does an activity that has a MET value of 2, he will burn 120 calories.
To know the different MET values of various activities, you should visit the compendium of physical activity (A physical activity website) to understand the codes and values of different activities.
The calories burnt skateboarding calculator is one platform that calculates the number of calories burnt
Importance of skateboarding.
Skateboarding can not only make you lose the much-needed calories. You gain muscle and mental strength.
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Issue No. 08 - August (1995 vol. 44)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
Abstract—Achieving race-free state assignments is an important objective in the synthesis of asynchronous sequential logic circuits (ASLCs). Traditionally, adjacency diagrams are used to help identify and resolve race conditions; however, this approach has a high degree of computational complexity. This paper presents an efficient state assignment algorithm that utilizes a pattern matching technique to predict races and to eliminate the need for enumerative searches. More specifically, the race-free state assignment problem is formulated as the embedding of a bipartite connected graph onto an n-cube and achieves a near minimum number of state variables. This algorithm has been evaluated using several representative examples. Results show that the developed algorithm provides better performance than existing algorithms. Due to the simplicity of the bipartite representation of an n-cube, the developed algorithm is suitable for ASLC synthesis that may involve a relatively large number of states.
Asynchronous sequential logic circuits, adjacency diagram, bipartite adjacency table, bipartite graph, bipartite representation of an n-cube, mapping, partitioning, race-free state assignments, state assignments algorithm.
Jun-Woo Kang, P. David Fisher, Chin-Long Wey, "Application of Bipartite Graphs for Achieving Race-Free State Assignments", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 44, no., pp. _PHONE_, August 1995, doi:10.1109/12.403716


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The importance of colour. Red, blue, white, black and green - these are colours. What do they mean? Animals can differentiate only some colours. For example, dogs see the world only in two colours. Nevertheless, we can say that (I would say in such a way) teenagers see the world in two colours too. But it is enough for animals since they have more developed sense organs. Birds see what color berries are and differentiate between edible and inedible ones. All poisonous plants have bright colors. This warns animals and people that it is dangerous to eat these plants. Colour helps some animals to hide from danger. For example, chameleon change its colour so that predators can't see them.
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Search Result for "lambast":
Wordnet 3.0
VERB (2)
1. beat with a cane;
[syn: cane, flog, lambaste, lambast]
2. censure severely or angrily;
- Example: "The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car"
- Example: "The deputy ragged the Prime Minister"
- Example: "The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup"
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
lambast \lam*bast"\, v. t. Same as lambaste. [WordNet 1.5]


text:
How to play The Sun For The Vampire 2 game:
- On the computer, use the mouse to play.
- On the mobile, touch the screen to play.
- Use your arrow keys to move. Collect the key and get to the door in each level to reach the witch's tower. Can you find the coin in each level?
- Playing this game helps children to be clever with their hands, improve their logical thinking. Besides, this game also helps children explore the world more.


text:
Weight loss and active lifestyle can help to counteract the effects of obesity, a new study has suggested.
Our skin secretes an antibiotic called dermcidin, which could act as a potent weapon against tuberculosis (TB) and dangerous bugs, says a study.
A natural antibiotic created from human sweat could fend off deadly strains of tuberculosis and other dangerous superbugs, researchers claim. Dermcidin is produced by our skin when we sweat, and it fights off germs when skin is injured by a cut, scratch or bug bite.
An international team of scientists has discovered how an important natural antibiotic called dermcidin, produced by our skin when we sweat, is a highly efficient tool to fight tuberculosis germs and other dangerous bugs.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
The earliest recipe from ancient Rome lists pomegranate seeds, pine nuts, and raisins that were mixed into barley mash.
In the Middle Ages, honey, spices, and preserved fruits were added and the name fruitcake was first used. Robert Sietsema finds that inexpensive sugar from the American Colonies and the discovery that high concentrations of sugar could preserve fruits created an excess of candied fruit. The fruitcake was the way to use them.
In the 18th century, Europeans were baking fruitcakes using nuts from the harvest for good luck in the following year. The cake was saved and eaten before the next harvest. Fruitcakes proliferated until a law in Europe restricted them to Christmas, weddings, and a few other holidays. Even so, the fruitcake remained popular at Victorian Teas in England throughout the 19th century.
Mail-order fruitcakes began in 1913. The management of Ringling Brothers Circus liked the fruitcake from a local bakery in Corsicana, Texas. They ordered them as gifts to be mailed to friends around the country. Collin Street Bakery, using the old European recipe of baker Gus Weidmann and salesman Tom McElwee, grew quickly. They are still selling fruitcakes.
The modern fruitcakes are fundamentally butter cakes, with just enough dough to bind the fruit. The cakes are saturated with liqueurs or brandy, and covered in powdered sugar, both of which prevent mold. Brandy or wine-soaked linens are used to store the fruitcakes. Many people feel fruitcakes improve with age. Some cakes have been eaten 25 years after baking.
Fruitcake in popular culture
The fruitcake has become one of the most ridiculed foods and the butt of many jokes centered on its heaviness and long shelf life.
Former Tonight Show host Johnny Carson joked that there really is only one fruitcake in the world. It is passed from family to family -- a joke also frequently attributed to the writer Calvin Trillin, who denies being the source. Trillin says he was just passing along a theory he "had heard from someone in Denver". He continues, "There is nothing dangerous about fruitcakes as long as people send them along without eating them." The Fruitcake Lady makes appearances with current host Jay Leno where she offers her "fruitcake" opinions.
For the last nine years about 500 people show up in Manitou Springs, Colorado each January for the Great Fruitcake Toss. "We encourage the use of recycled fruitcakes", says Leslie Lewis of the Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce. The all-time Great Fruitcake Toss record is 420 feet.
Fruitcake is also used, especially in the United Kingdom, as insulting slang for a 'crazy person' (e.g. "Laurence is a complete fruitcake"). It dervies from the expression "nutty as a fruitcake", which was first recorded in 1935.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


AirplaneOn average, in-flight medical emergencies occur about 15 times per day. When asked by flight crews to help in a medical emergency, providers have fairly extensive legal protection, and in some cases have a legal obligation to help [1]. In the U.S., all 50 states have some form of a "good Samaritan" law, which provides legal protection to medical providers who perform their services in response to medical emergencies outside the hospital. While these laws typically apply broadly to most out of hospital emergencies, in 1998 Congress specifically passed the Aviation Medical Assistance Act (AMAA) which offers legal protection to providers, who give assistance in the case of an in-flight emergency [2].
1. You should help if asked.
From an ethical standpoint, providers have an obligation to provide assistance when possible. In terms of in-flight emergencies, two conditions need to be met in order for the provider to be considered a volunteer under the AMAA.
 - The flight crew must ask for assistance. Responding to an overhead page of "Is there a doctor on board" meets this qualification. Providers who respond to an emergency without being asked to do so by the airline are covered under the AMAA, but are not typically protected by the airline.
 - The flight crew must make an effort to determine if the provider is a "medically qualified individual." The AMAA defines "medically qualified individuals" as anyone who is licensed or otherwise qualified to provide assistance including physicians, nurses, physician's assistants, and paramedics. The flight crew is asked to make a good-faith effort to verify credentials, which can include asking for proof of licensure. Airline policy will dictate what type of proof is required. Providing this documentation does not mean that you are acting in a formal medical capacity and does not compromise legal protections that are provided for volunteer responders [3].
2. You may be required to help.
The AMAA covers airlines that are registered in the U.S. Airlines registered in other countries may have broader coverage for providers. For example, airlines registered in the European Union and Australia go beyond providing protection and include a legal obligation for physicians to respond to in-flight emergencies. Generally the laws from an airline's home country apply while in flight.
3. You are protected if you help.
Typical medical malpractice cases refer to the concept of simple negligence, which means that a provider's actions departed from good and accepted medical practice. This is typically known as a deviation from a particular standard of care. The AMAA offers broad legal coverage to providers that respond to in-flight emergencies and protects them from instances of simple negligence. When responding to in-flight emergencies, providers are not held to any particular standards and are simply expected to avoid gross negligence and willful misconduct which refers to a "conscious voluntary act or omission in reckless disregard of a legal duty and of the consequences to another party." [4]
For example, if you are asked to perform a vaginal birth delivery on a flight to Hawaii, you are expected to make your best attempt to treat the patient, but you are not held to the same standard that you would be if the same situation occurred in your Emergency Department.
4. You can be thanked for your services.
In general, providers should not ask for financial compensation or submit a bill for their services; however, accepting a gift such as an upgraded seat in business class or even a voucher for a free flight should not compromise their legal protection.
5. You don't determine the ultimate disposition.
Most airlines partner with a health care agency that provides on-line medical assistance. When responding to an in-flight emergency, providers should work in conjunction with the airlines medical team. Decisions such as the need to divert the plane are complex as they involve logistics, which includes weather, fuel supply, and availability of a suitable landing area. A recent study of about 15,000 in-flight emergencies found that the aircraft was diverted in only 7% of the cases. In the event of a critically ill patient, providers should provide their best medical opinion in terms of need for immediate care, but ultimately the decision to divert the plane lies with the pilot and the airline [5].
Bottom Line
As the rate of air travel increases, emergency medical providers are increasingly likely to encounter an in-flight emergency. Providers have extensive legal protection when helping with these cases and should not hesitate to offer assistance when they are able.
 1. Stewart PH, Agin WS, Douglas SP. What does the law say to Good Samaritans?: A review of Good Samaritan statutes in 50 states and on US airlines. Chest. 2013;143 (6): 1774-83. PMID 23732588
 2. Aviation Medical Assistance Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105-170, Apr.24, 1998, 112 stat. 47, Sec. 5. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
 3. Dachs RJ, Elias JM. What you need to know when called upon to be a Good Samaritan. Fam Pract Manag. 2008;15 (4): 37-40. PMID _PHONE_
 4. Gardner BA. Black's Law Dictionary. 9th Ed. Wellington, NZ: Thompson Reuters; 2009:1084, _PHONE_.
 5. Peterson DC, Martin-gill C, Guyette FX et-al. Outcomes of medical emergencies on commercial airline flights. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013;368 (22): 2075-83. PMID 23718164
This post belong's to Dr. Matthew DeLaney's series on Everyday Risk in Emergency Medicine (EREM).
Matthew DeLaney, MD
Matthew DeLaney, MD
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Assistant Medical Director
University of Alabama at Birmingham


Currently, I am developing an octree data structure. And I need it to be fast. To this end, I would like to have a fast way to extract the $m$ binary digits "after the dot" of each entry in a matrix of machine precision numbers. This matrix is of size $n \times d$ where $d$ is the space dimension (say $d=3$) and represents a set of $n$ points (shift and rescaled to lie in the unit box) to which the octree has to adapt. The number $n$ is typically in the range of a couple of 100 thousands and a few million. So, the input parameters are, e.g.,
n = _PHONE_;
d = 3;
m = 32;
x = RandomReal[{0., 1. - $MachineEpsilon}, {n, d}];
For performance, it is crucial that the resulting $n \times d \times m$ tensor is a packed array of Integers. As you can see below, I have tried already several things. But in view of the fact that actually nothing has to be computed as the mantissas of the machine precision numbers are actually stored in binary, the timings are really disappointing.
ToPack = Developer'ToPackedArray;
cf = Compile[{{z0, _Integer}, {base, _Integer}, {n, _Integer}},
 IntegerDigits[z0, base, n],
 CompilationTarget -> "C",
 RuntimeAttributes -> {Listable},
 Parallelization -> True,
 RuntimeOptions -> "Speed"
digits1 = ToPack[RealDigits[x, 2, m, -1][[All, All, 1]]]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digits2 = ToPack[IntegerDigits[IntegerPart[x 2.^m], 2, m]]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digits3 = Transpose[Table[Mod[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2], {k, 1, m}], {3, 1, 2}]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digits4 = Transpose[cf[IntegerPart[x 2.^m], 2, m], {1, 2, 3}]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digits1 == digits2 == digits3 == digits4
I have also tried to use BitGet but that was a couple of times slower than RealDigits.
In practice, I do not know in advance how many digits I need. So it would be even better to retrieve only the $k$-th digit at a time. In this case, the timings look as follows:
k = 4;
digit1 = ToPack[RealDigits[x, 2, 1, -k][[All, All, 1, -1]]]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digit2 = ToPack[
 IntegerDigits[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2, 1][[All, All, -1]]]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digit3 = Mod[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2]; // AbsoluteTiming // First
digit4 = cf[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2, 1][[All, All, -1]]; //
 AbsoluteTiming // First
digit1 == digit2 == digit3 == digit4
So, Mod and IntegerPart seem to do quite a good job, but still, there is a multiplication involved for each digit to be extracted.
Does anybody know of a fast, low-level way to retrieve the digits?
 - $\begingroup$ What I'd try for raw speed is write a C plugin where you cast the double into an unsigned long long int and extract the bits directly by masking, using info from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754 $\endgroup$ – Roman Jan 20 '19 at 20:40
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Correction: I've written a minimalistic C plugin that extracts a single binary digit directly by bit masking a uint64_t version of the double number. Even with all safety checks off, and MTensor processing inside the C function (i.e. only one function call for a large list of input numbers) this plugin just about as fast as your digit3. Not worth the trouble. In any case, as your digit3 takes only about 8 nanoseconds per conversion, I'm wondering what speed goal you had in mind? $\endgroup$ – Roman Jan 21 '19 at 17:16
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you _USER_. This is both disappointing and encouraging at the same time. ;) $\endgroup$ – Henrik Schumacher Jan 21 '19 at 17:35
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ It's a shame BitAnd and BitShiftRight don't do what you think they would do on reals. $\endgroup$ – Chip Hurst Feb 4 '19 at 15:37
Not a complete answer
We can squeeze out a bit more speed by using BitAnd instead of Mod and BitShiftLeft instead of multiplication in your digit3 calculation.
Mod[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2]; // RepeatedTiming // First
BitAnd[IntegerPart[BitShiftLeft[x, k]], 1]; // RepeatedTiming // First
Mod[IntegerPart[x 2.^k], 2] == BitAnd[IntegerPart[BitShiftLeft[x, k]], 1]
I sought a solution that masked the bits via combinations of BitAnd and BitShiftRight, but to my surprise they don't work on Real as you might think.
BitAnd[1.0, 1]
BitAnd[1, 1.]
BitShiftRight[1.0, 1]
Though in its defense, C doesn't support bitwise operations on floats or doubles without casting to an integer type first.
Something like
double x = 1.0;
long n = *((long*)&x);
n >>= 1;
x = *((double*)&n);
gives 1.11875e-154 rather than 0.5, and it behaves how we might expect it to.
We can do something similar in WL through BinarySerialize and extracting bits by masking.
MantissaDigit[arr_?Developer'PackedArrayQ, k_Integer] /; $ByteOrdering == -1 && $SystemWordLength == 64 && 1 <= k <= 52 :=
 Block[{blvl1, blvl2, dims, start, bytes, bits},
 blvl1 = 6 - Quotient[k+3, 8];
 blvl2 = 8 - Mod[k+4, 8, 1];
 dims = Dimensions[arr];
 start = blvl1 - 8(Times @@ dims);
 bytes = BinarySerialize[arr][[start ;; -1 ;; 8]];
 bits = BitAnd[BitShiftRight[Normal[bytes], blvl2], 1];
 ArrayReshape[bits, dims]
Note that this implementation depends on $ByteOrdering and $SystemWordLength.
This however is slower than the digit3 technique:
MantissaDigit[x, k]; // RepeatedTiming
{0.021, Null}
One bottleneck is applying Normal, which is needed since bitwise operations don't work on ByteArray.
Your Answer


Determining Residency for Canadian Taxation Purposes
Categories: Blog, Tax
For the purposes of determining tax liability, taxpayers are categorized into two groups: residents (of Canada) and non-residents (of Canada). Generally, taxpayers who are Canadian residents are subject to tax on all worldwide income; however, taxpayers who are not Canadian residents are generally only subject to tax on income tied to Canadian sources.1 Therefore a taxpayer's residency status can have significant tax implications.
Quite a few people assume that taxation in Canada is based on citizenship or immigration status. This is a common misunderstanding. The test is whether or not you are a resident of Canada. A person can be a resident of Canada even if they are not a Canadian citizen or a landed immigrant. On the other hand, a person who is a Canadian citizen may not be a Canadian resident for income tax purposes.
It can be confusing. Sometimes it is best to start by thinking about where you live rather than what your citizenship or immigration status is.
Residency is determined annually. If it is determined that a taxpayer was a resident at any time during the year, that taxpayer is considered to be a resident for the whole year. There is an exception for a "part-time resident" under section 114 of the Income Tax Act of Canada (ITA). Under this provision, if a taxpayer enters or leaves Canada permanently, the taxation year will be split and the taxpayer will be categorized as a "part-time resident." Part-time residents are subject to special rules for calculating income, including income-splitting; however, this will only arise in the year that the taxpayer enters or leaves Canada permanently.
The term "resident" is not specifically defined in the ITA. As a result, it is necessary to review Court decisions (case law) to provide guidance on the meaning of resident and in what circumstances a person will be considered to be a resident and in what circumstances they will not be a resident.
The Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") publishes regular information sheets, called "folios", setting out the CRA's interpretation. The folios can be very helpful in attempting to predict how the CRA will categorize a taxpayer (i.e. resident or non-resident); unfortunately, the folios are not legally binding (unlike the case law). For example, refer to folio S5-F1-C1.
The CRA may also ask a person to complete a questionnaire (NR 73: Determination of residency status (leaving Canada) and NR 74: Determination of residency status (entering Canada)) and may make a determination of your residency status. But it is important to recognize that this is a determination by the CRA and a person is entitled to disagree with the CRA and have the question determined by the Court.
There are special rules for determining the residency of corporations and trusts, but that is beyond the scope of this article. Here, we will confine our discussion to residency of taxpayers who are individuals.
The ITA provides for residency of individuals into the following types:
1. Ordinarily Resident. An individual is ordinarily resident if he or she meets the ordinary, dictionary definition of "resident". In determining residence, the Courts consider residential "ties" to Canada, including visits or stays in Canada, assets in Canada, and social connections to Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada held that an individual "is 'ordinarily resident' in the place where in the settled routine of his life he regularly, normally or customarily lives."2
2. Deemed Resident. A non-resident can be "deemed" to be a resident in certain circumstances. Under section 250(1) of the ITA, an individual may be considered a deemed resident if he or she stayed in Canada for a total of 183 days or more throughout a taxation year (it need not be consecutive). Section 250(1) also sets out other circumstances where an individual may be considered a deemed resident, including people who serve in the Canadian Forces, an ambassador or high commissioner of Canada or others listed in s.250 (1) of the ITA.
3. By international tax treaty. Because a person can have a home in more than one country it is possible to be a resident of two (or more) countries at the same time. A person can be a dual resident. This may require the person to file tax returns in two countries and possibly report their worldwide income in both countries. To avoid this problem, Canada has entered into numerous tax treaties with other countries to avoid double taxation. These treaties contain "tie breaker" rules to resolve the question of residency when a person is resident in both countries. The rules ensure that the person is only a resident of one of the countries.
Residency status in tax law is not straight-forward, and in some cases it can be counter-intuitive. While the CRA can make a finding of residency status for a taxpayer, it is possible for the CRA to make an incorrect determination. The CRA's determinations are not always final and can be disputed. Ultimately, it is the Courts that have the final say in determining residency status.
If you currently live and/or work outside of Canada for all or part of the year, are planning a change that may affect your residency status, or have been assessed by the CRA based on a residency finding that you feel may be incorrect, you should seriously consider contacting me to discuss the tax implications of your situation and your options.
1For more information on the tax and reporting obligations of residents and non-residents, see my article in last month's issue of Legal Alert titled Foreign Income and Assets: Tax Implications under the Canadian Income Tax Act.
2Thomson v Minister of National Revenue, [1946] SCR 209, 1946 CarswellNat 76, at para 71.
*Providing services through a law corporation