Hot Sitz Bath (Hip Bath)
a. To relieve muscle spasm
b. To soften exudates
c. To hasten the suppuration process
d. To hasten healing
e. To reduce congestion and provide comfort in the perineal area
INDICATIONS: Hemorrhoids
a. Warm water should not be used if considerable congestion is already present.
b. The patient should be observed closely for signs of weakness and faintness.
c. After the patient is in the tub or the chair, check to see whether or not there is pressure against the patient's thighs or legs.
d. Support patient's back in the lumbar region.
a. Type of solution
b. Length of time of application
c. Type of heat application
d. Condition and appearance of wound
e. Comfort of patient
EQUIPMENT: Available bathroom with appropriate size tub for patient.
a. Towels and bathmat
b. Bath blanket
c. Inflatable ring
d. Patient's clean clothes
1. Check physician's order for sitz bath patient.
Rationale: To know if it is indicated for the patient.
2. Prepare the materials needed:
a. Take linen to bathroom.
b. Fill clean tub about one-third full with warm
c. Check with your hand to determine that temperature
Of water is between 105°F and 110°F (40.5°C to 43.3°C).
d. Place towel or inflatable ring, if appropriate, on tub
bottom and bathmat on floor beside tub.
Rationale: To save time and effort
3. Explain purpose and procedure to patient.
Rationale: For the patient to be aware on the purpose and procedure.
4. Instruct patient top undress.
Rationale: Undress everytime you take a bath (especially the hip is exposed)
5. Test the water in a sitz with a thermometer before the patient enters the tub. If the purpose of the sitz bath is to
apply heat, water at a temperature of 43°C to 46°C for 15 minutes will produce relaxation of the parts involved after a short contraction. Warm water should not be used if considerable congestion is already present. If the purpose of the sitz bath is to produce relaxation or to help promote healing in a wound by cleaning it of discharge and debris, then water at a temperature of 34°C to 37°C is used.
6. Assist the patient into the tub and position him properly. Check to see whether there is pressure against the patient's thighs or legs. If the patient's feet do not touch the floor, and the weight of the legs is resting on the edge of the tub, a stool should be used to support the feet and to relieve the pressure on the back of the legs. It may also be necessary to place a towel in the water to support the patient's back in the lumbar region. The bath can seem very long if one's body is not in good alignment and comfortable.
7. Wrap a bath blanket around the patient's shoulders, and drape the ends over the tub. This protects the patient's from feeling chilly and form exposure.
8. Observe the patient closely for signs of weakness and fatigue. A cold compress may be placed at the back of the neck or forehead, to help prevent the patient from feeling weak. Discontinue the bath if the patient's condition warrants. Typical signs of faintness include skin pallor, a rapid pulse rate, and nausea.
9. Test the water in the tub several times, and keep it at the desired temperature. Additional hot water may be added by pouring it slowly form a pitcher or by opening a hot-water fauce a little bit. The water should be agitated by stirring it as hot water and added to prevent burning the patient.
10. Do not leave the patient alone unless it is absolutely certain that it is safe to do so.
11. Help the patient out of the tub when the bath is completed. Normally, a hot sitz bath should be continued for 15 to 30 minutes. Help the patient dry, and cover the patient adequately.
12. Assist the patient to his bed, where it is best for him to lie down, and out of drafts until normal circulation returns.
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text: Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and as a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to barley and wheat. Rye grain is used for flour, rye bread, rye beer, some whiskies, some vodkas, and animal fodder. It can also be eaten whole, either as boiled rye berries, or by being rolled, similar to rolled oats. Rye is a cereal and should not be confused with ryegrass which is used for lawns, pasture, and hay for livestock. Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate by soaking in water and are then quickly halted from germinating further by drying/heating with hot air. Thus, malting is a combination of two processes: the sprouting process and the kiln-drying process. These latter terms are often preferred when referring to the field of brewing for batches of beer or other beverages as they provide more in-depth information. The term "malt" refers to several products of the process: the grains to which this process has been applied, for example malted barley; the sugar, heavy in maltose, derived from such grains, such as the baker's malt used in various cereals; or a product based on malted milk, similar to a malted milkshake (i.e., "malts"). Whisky or beer made from malted barley or rye can also be called malt, as in Alfred Edward Housman's aphorism "malt does more than Milton can, to justify God's ways to Man."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Oracle FAQ Your Portal to the Oracle Knowledge Grid
From: Bob Badour <>
Date: Mon, 12 Jun 2006 01:12:22 GMT
Message-ID:
vc wrote:
> Keith H Duggar wrote:
> [ A lot of irrelevant chaff skipped]
>>>1. PT is a logic generalization.
>>No, I the OP claimed quote:
>> "interestingly, one view of logic is as a specialization
>> of conditional probability theory. One that deals only
>> with certainty (1) and impossibility (0) rather than a
>> range of probability." -- KHD
>>In other words to paraphrase myself and Cox:
>> "interestingly, one view of probability theory, the Cox
>> formulation, is as a generalization of logic. One that
>> deals with a range of probability corresponding to a
>> degree of rational belief bounded in the extremes by
>> certainty (1) and impossibility (0)."
>>>My response was that PT is not truth functional in the
>>>sense the propositional logic is namely that the compound
>>>sentence truth, in logic, is determined by its
>>>constituent's truth values
>>No, your response was quote
>> "PT cannot be 'a generalization of logic' because PT
>> 'connectives' (+/*) are not truth functional." -- vc
>>Which, I tried to explain to you is wrong for two reasons.
>>First, (+/*) are NOT connectives in PT they are the real
>>operators addition and multiplication. Second, PT uses the
>>SAME connectives as logic. The connectives haven't changed
>>they are still truth-functional as well as probability-
> OK, good, so you continue to claim that the probability of P(A and B)
> is determined solely by P(A) and P(B) just as you did before:
> "When you apply the connectives to a probability-valued
> statements you get probability-valued statements whose
> probability depends only on the constituent probabilities.
> "
I don't see how you draw the inference you draw. Clearly, P(B|A) and P(A|B) are constituent probabilities as well.
 Show how to derive P(A and B) given P(A) and P(B). If you > can show that, you can claim that "probability depends only on the > constituent probabilities". Are you unable to do that?
P(A and B) = P(B|A)P(A)
P(A and B) = P(A|B)P(B)
To derive P(A and B) one must know either P(B|A) or P(A|B) just as one must know the angle between two sides to use the cosine law. You fail to demonstrate anything useful or meaningful by your challenge.
>>>What kind of sentences do you have in mind whose
>>>probability is one?
>>>Please provide a meaningful example.
>>What are you talking about? It's not hard. It's trivial and
>>irrelevant! For proving probability theorems or that
>>probability is a generalization of logic it does not matter
>>what A, B, C etc stand for! "My first name is Keith" "My
>>last name is Duggar" "My first name is Keith or my last name
>>is Duggar". Does that satisfy you? I hope so because it is
>>TOTALLY irrelevant (and somewhat VI honestly).
>>[disjunction nagging]
>>>2. In some case, namely when probabilities are 0 and 1,
>>>the probabilistic statements'reduce' to logical
>>>statements. I asked to provide two or more statements
>>>whose probability would be one and show what the
>>>probability of the disjunction of such statements might
>>>be. There has been no answer. Are you unable to answer the
>>>question?
> What you've provided is not a meaningful example, but just two
> mutually irrelevant true propositions (similarly to introducing
> irrelevancy with penguins and the leaking roof in the Jaynes book). To
> provide a meaningful example of reducing probabilities, take for
> example two relevant statements A='It will rain today' and 'The roof
> will leak' (see the same book), assign priors and show how P(A and B)
> can be equal to one.
> Also, your 'basic proof' is quite meaningless (as I pointed out in
> another message):
>>One last time I will provide one of these basic proofs. And
>>I will provide more than you ask for, that is below is a
>>proof for the complete reduction to logic in the limit of
>>certainty (1) and impossibility (0).
[light bulb goes on]
Keith already specified the argument applies to a limit.
>>P(A) = 1
>>P(A or B) = P(~(~A and ~B))
>>P(A or B) = 1 - P(~A and ~B)
>>P(A or B) = 1 - P(~B|~A)P(~A)
> Since P(~A) equals zero, the above statement does not make sense.
But Keith stated "in the limit of". Thus, one could read the first line of what he wrote as
lim P(A) as P(A) -> 1
which makes the other factor
lim P(~A) as P(~A) -> 0.
Thus, in the limit as P(A) approaches 1, P(A or B) = 1 - P(~B|~A)(1-P(A)) = 1
If he rewrote the proof using explicit limit notation, would you still object to his proof? Received on Sun Jun 11 2006 - 20:12:22 CDT
Original text of this message


Question: Why National Museum Is Important?
What is the main function of the National Museum of the Philippines?
The law designated the museum as the lead agency in the protection and preservation of the nation's cultural properties through the conduct of census, study, and declaration of such properties and the monitoring and regulation of archaeological exploration, excavation, or diggings in historical or archaeological sites..
What is the purpose of National Museum?
The National Museum manages and develops the national reference collections in the areas of cultural heritage (fine arts, anthropology and archaeology) and natural history (botany, zoology, geology, and paleontology), and carries out permanent research programs in biodiversity, geological history, human origins, pre- …
What is inside the National Museum?
The National Museum complex in Manila includes the National Art Gallery (Old Legislative Building), the Museum of the Filipino People (Old Finance Building) and the future National Museum of Natural History (Old Tourism Building).
What are the objectives of museum?
Who is the founder of National Museum?
Pandit Jawaharlal NehruOn August 15, 1949, the National Museum, New Delhi, was inaugurated in the Rashtrapati Bhawan by Shri R.C. Rajagopalachari, the Governor-General of India. The foundation of the present building was laid by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, on May 12, 1955.
How do museums help students?
Museum visits develop language and critical thinking skills This helps to develop higher critical and creative thinking skills, which are integral to future success. Museums also help children learn and identify new words and concepts that lead to conversations and discussions.
Why National Museum is famous?
The museum has various artefacts from the Harappan Civilization also known as Indus Valley Civilization. It has the world's most representative collection of antiquities of the Harappan Civilization – over 3500 objects that are on permanent loan from the Archaeological Survey of India to the Museum.
What can we learn from museums?
HOW LEARNING HAPPENS IN MUSEUMSMastery: wanting to learn more about specific topics.Performance: wanting to learn more than others.Hedonic: seeking fun or passive enjoyment.Social: wanting to communicate and share their experience with others.
What do museums teach us?
Museums teach us about the past. Everything there has a story to tell. We can easily learn how things were done, how life looked like and even what people wore and did every day. It is living history from times gone by that help us understand ourselves.
What do I want to learn about the National Museum of the Philippines?
The National Museum is the old legislative building in Manila. The National Museum's Art Gallery was once the congress building. … The building was completed in 1921 with features that drew inspiration from Grecian architecture with stylized Corinthian columns and highly detailed Renaissance-inspired ornamentations.
What are the roles of museums in society?
Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artifacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society.
Why is museum important?
For centuries, museums have played an integral role in preserving the history of our society. Exhibits tell us stories about how our nation, our communities and our cultures came to be and without them, those stories could be forgotten. Museums serve our communities in a multitude of ways, as we have seen firsthand.
What do I know about the National Museum of the Philippines?
The National Museum, a Trust of the Government, is an educational, scientific and cultural institution that acquires, documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and public appreciation of works of art, specimens, and cultural and historical artifacts representative of our unique to the cultural …
What makes a good museum?
It should have a clear identity; it should have an environmental conscience and a commitment to sustainability; it should be innovative and involved with its local community.
How are national museums funded?
Some national museums are authorized by Congress and operated by the federal government. However, most national museums are private museums, funded and operated without government involvement. At times, Congress has acted to designate certain private museums as national museums.


text:
Reflexomat pressurisation stations regulate the pressure on the gas side of the vessel by means of compressor:
- When the set pressure is exceeded, the overflow valve opens and releases air from the expansion vessel. Due to the drop in pressure on the air side, water flows into the expansion vessel and pressure falls in the system.
- If pressure falls below the set pressure, the compressor switches on and pumps air into the air side of the expansion vessel, forcing water into the system: the water level falls in the vessel and pressure rises in the system.
Additional units for water make-up and degassing can be added to the Reflexomat. The possibility of the intelligent integration of a water make-up system is incorporated into the Reflex Control.


Get Involved
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Archaeology Live! 2019
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Registered Office: 47 Aldwark, York, YO1 7BX
Benefits of Vert Shock Program For Increasing Vertical Jump
This time I decided to do an article about a fresh training program I'm currently looking at for increasing an athlete's vertical jump. In this article, I intend to reveal some information about the new Vert Shock program to help people who are interested in increasing their vertical jump and decide whether this training program will suit for them.
The purpose of this post is to offer accurate and helpful facts for those who are interested in the program and are considering purchasing it. It's also recommended to watch some reviews of Vert Shock and see what other people have done in the course of just 8 weeks with the program.
There are plenty of ways for improving and working on your vertical jump. Many trainers and coaches claim to be experts on this field, but the truth is, most of them have a poor understanding of jumping mechanics, and they simply lack the knowledge of basic jump principles.
Therefore, if you're a basketball player, there's a good chance that your coach is training you wrong, and you might need to consider using a jump program instead.
The Vert Shock program
Vert Shock is a new training system that dares to claim it can help players gain 10 inches on their vertical jump in the course of just 8 weeks. This is not just a mere claim though, this is a real guarantee. This alone speaks volumes about the amount of confidence Adam Folker, creator of the program, has in his product.
Electronic Resource
Vert Shock is unique in plenty of other ways, particularly in advocating the significance of mastering and understanding the nine aspects of vertical jump. Rather than discouraging athletes from considering every option, the program aims to enhance on existing methods by small-to-digest guides such as how to eat to improve your metabolism and how to train right, while also emphasizing the necessity of hard work and commitment.
Vert Shock is an electronic resource, a digital software system which can be downloaded to your mobile device as well as installed on your PC or MAC. It provides relevant and helpful information about physiology and also principles behind improving your vertical leap.
What Makes The Vert Shock System Unique?
The Vert Shock training program also offers an array of extra resources such as optimization guides, workout structuring, and interactive training. For athletes who are serious about getting high-level conditioning, Vert Shock is a great solution, and it must be considered as an addition to their training library.
Most athletes nowadays rely on coaches or colleagues for guidance and information about jump training. Vert Shock offers the most up to date information and allows people to take responsibility and ownership on their personal developments.
Adam Folker (middle) honored at the UC Irvine annual salute
It's no secret that one of the key points to achieving a high vertical leap is commitment and dedication. However according to Adam Folker, founder and creator of Vert Shock, too much hard work can be harmful as it can lead to over-training, and if you're not structuring you're training properly then you're setting yourself to fail.
Raising the Bar for Vertical Jump Programs
The comprehensive and detailed information along with the constant support provided by Vert Shock ensures that anyone who uses the program will get significant gains from it. If any confusion arises, they even offer a one-on-one consultation and tips through email by Adam Folker himself.
The program also gives you access to a members forum where you can post videos, comment and ask other people to critique your vertical jump.
Finally, Vert Shock is also very famous and has gained large publicity with a huge number of testimonials that speak only good of it.
I think this only proves that this system is extremely powerful. For this reason, if you're playing basketball, it's worth considering using this training program for improving your vertical jump.
Can You Influence Your Metabolism?
It is not uncommon to hear people blame the excess weight they are gaining on a slow metabolism, because even after cutting calories and performing regular exercise they don't lose weight. For my first post I would like to clarify myths and truths about the effect of weight metabolism, including if it's possible to accelerate it and how to lose weight effectively.
The Harris-Benedict formula
Metabolism is a term that describes all the chemical processes that occur regularly in the body and allow the proper functioning of all the organs. Among the processes we are talking about are breath, renewal of cells, food digestion and muscle activity. Carrying out these processes requires an energy input that comes from the food we consume.
The minimum amount of energy which is necessary to carry out the metabolic activity is called BMR – basic metabolism rate. Compared to the base rate there's the overall rate, which is the recommended amount of total energy consumption for us every day. Both of these values are measured in calories.
Harris Benedict
The basic metabolism rate ranges from 40% to 70% of the total energy consumption of the body, depending on the age, sex and lifestyle. The lower the percentage is, the slower the basic metabolism rate (BMR).
There are many calculators that calculate the mandatory minimum energy consumption (BMR) and the total energy consumption required for the body daily, but only those based on the Harris-Benedict formula are considered to be relatively accurate. You can find one by visiting the medical school of Cornell University.
Harris-Benedict formula takes into account sex (male or female), height, weight, age, comorbidities or physical conditions that is not right and the amount of daily activities (active or sedentary activity).
Applying the formula (Once you have entered your personal data) provides two numerical values - the minimum amount of calories that is essential for maintaining the body (BMR) and overall calories recommended for us.
For example, a man who is 50 years old, height 170, weighs 160lbs (72 kg), has no comorbidities and works at a desk job will receive a BMR value of 1568 calories per day and a general amount of 1882 calories.
In contrast, when the same person works while involved in physical activity he will receive the values of 1568 (not variable) and 1980 calories. Thus it is clear, a person with the same characteristics who is less active and still consumes the same amount and composition of food, will gain weight eventually.
The key takeaway I'd like to highlight with this post is that what's currently recommended today as the average caloric intake (approximately 2,500 calories per day for men and 2,000 calories for women) is absolutely not accurate and only assisting the Harris-Benedict formula will yield accurate personal values that can serve those who want to maintain weight or reduce it.
The Name Is Tyler
Hope to see you again soon.
Tyler Dig Hungate


text:
Mound Laboratory and the Mound site, located at southern edge of Miamisburg, between Dayton and Cincinnati, in Southwestern Ohio, hold significant places in the history of the Nuclear Age and in the hearts and minds of the dedicated scientists and workers who labored there for more than 50 years. The people, the plant, their research and manufactured items were at the leading edge of the Nuclear Age in the United States. Mound-built components are still in the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile protecting us as a deterrent to attack from other nuclear powers. Mound-built components went with NASA to the moon, Mars and Jupiter reliably powering their instruments and keeping them at operational temperatures. They are still continuing in the same vein to Saturn, the outer reaches of the solar system and beyond.
The Mound Science and Energy Museum collects, preserves and makes publicly accessible the remaining heritage of the Mound Laboratory, its workers and its site.
The Mound Science and Energy Museum Association (MSEM) is a non profit organization (currently approximately 200 members) supporting that effort. Presently, MSEMA's membership is regionally dominated, but some members reside throughout the nation. Most are former Mound/Dayton Project employees, their spouses or their descendants. Plans to increase and diversify the membership significantly are underway.
The MSEMA's Vision
To interpret the Nuclear Age through the lives, the work and the communities of Mound employees in the Miami Valley.
The MSEMA's Mission
- Preserve artifacts, printed documents, graphic materials, etc., related to Mound's heritage
- Communicate to local and wider constituencies the historical importance of the work and achievements of Mound and its Dayton Project predecessor
- Be a source of scientific/technological information and expertise for local schools, colleges, research units and other agencies and individuals
- Participate with local, regional and national entities on projects of mutual interest.
The MSEM intends to accomplish these goals through the development of a regional museum devoted to the Nuclear Age. The Museum will chronicle this Age through the lives, work and community of Mound employees. Since the
Mound site itself was critical to the success of Mound's mission, it is of great importance to have the Mound Museum permanently located on the Mound site.The MMA intends to accomplish these goals through the development of a regional museum devoted to the Nuclear Age. The Museum will chronicle this Age through the lives, work and community of Mound employees. Since the Mound site itself was critical to the success of Mound's mission, it is of great importance to have the Mound Museum permanently located on the Mound site. At present, the Mound Museum occupies a building which originally was Mound's Guard Headquarters and is now one of only two original buildings remaining on site.Various concepts are under consideration to provide for the Museum's present and future needs.
Board of Trustees:
- Raymond Seiler, President
- Paul Lamberger, Vice President
- R. C. Herman, Treasurer
- Wanda DeGroat, Secretary
- Wayne Amos, Director
- Kenneth Foster, Emeritus Director
- Richard Flitcraft, Emeritus Director
- Douglas Gabriel, Emeritus Director
- Bernard Kokenge, Director
- George Mahfouz, Emeritus Director
- Gary Morris, Director
- Donald Agee, Director
- Todd Music, Director
- Kenneth Phipps, Director
- Don Sullenger, Director
- Emma M. Vest, Emeritus Director
Contact and Meeting Information:
Mound Science and Energy Museum Association
1075 Mound Road,
Miamisburg, OH 45342,
Hours open to the Public:
Tuesdays: 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM
Saturdays: 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM
Monthly Public History Events: 4th Wednesday, 7:00 PM
Free Admission to All Events
If you would like to become a member of the Mound Science and Energy Museum (MSEM), please fill out the application and send it to:
Mound Science and Energy Museum
1075 Mound Road,
Miamisburg, OH 45342

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The purpose of this study is to explain the jurisprudential and legal position on the issue of the fact that the cause of death arose from informing the other - through the Social mediaby the death of a relative falsely, whether that news was a joke or for the purposes of antagonism and aggression. The study followed the comparative analytical method, the result of this study is: That the sudden bad news for the heart patients is a lethal means, in addition to the agreement jurisprudence and legal position that the act is a murder deliberately and positive punishment if the actor intentionally killing, aware of the suffering of the other side of heart disease aware of the impact of the bad news surprise him. However, if the act is a joke without any knowledge of the perpetrator of the medical circumstances of the other party, as well as the circumstances of the incident confirms the absence of criminal intent; this killing is manslaughter and takes its provisions.
Keywords: homicide, social media, jurisprudence, law.
Included in
Religion Law Commons


text:
Domestication of Australian grasses as bioenergy crops
Due to geographic isolation and a short agricultural history, plant species from Australia have not been subject to domestication in the same way as species from other parts of the world. Around 10% of the world's grasses, over 1000 species, are found in Australia. Traits that have been selected in the domestication of major cereal crops have now been defined and key genes characterized. These loci are being targeted in an effort to accelerate the domestication of selected Australian grasses for a range of uses including pastures, food and energy. Biomass traits for energy production include some of the traditional domestication traits but also extend to other traits not selected in domestication for food or feed. Microlaena stipoides, a distant relative of rice is currently a key target for domestication. The rice genome sequences and genomics data for other Oryza are key genomics resources for this species. Natural variation and targeted mutagenesis are being explored as options for identifying desirable genotypes for domestication. Endonucleolytic mutation analysis by internal labelling (EMAIL) and large scale SNP analyses are being developed for application to this system. This model of accelerated domestication has the potential to be utilised across a broad range of useful wild species.
Shapter, FM, Henry, RJ, Malory, S & Chivers, I 2008, 'Domestication of Australian grasses as bioenergy crops', 6th National Native Grasslands Conference – Regenerative Native Grassland Management for Profitable, Ecological and Social Gains, Horscham, Victoria, 9-11 November.


text:
Below is one of our free research papers on The Growth Of Democracy. If the term paper below is not exactly what you're looking for, you can search our essay database for other topics.
The Growth of Democracy
In 1850, Britain was an undemocratic country. At this time the electoral system divided Boroughs and Counties. Voting qualifications were different in boroughs and constituencies. The vote was only given to men over the age of 21 providing their property was valued at £10 or more, or land was more than £2 per year in rent. Seats were distributed unequally and traditional ruling families usually formed the Cabinet. Furthermore, bribery and corruption were widespread and only the minority of the population were entitled to vote. At this time there was no form of a basic education for the population masses and there was still a lot of power lying within the House Of Lords and not with elected officials. A certain degree of money was necessary to stand for election because this was not a paying job, which, as a result stopped vast numbers of people standing for election because the did not have the finances to support themselves. Nor were they able to afford to stand for election as due to bribery and corruption, the poor stood no chance of winning as they did not have the money to provide voters with what they wanted in return for their support. For democracy, there needed to be regular elections and although at this time elections were every seven years, this was not often enough.
However between 1850 and 1918, progress was made towards Britain becoming a democracy. Now there was better communication and education increasing political inte...


Definitions for
Overview of noun yawn
The noun yawn has 1 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy
Overview of verb yawn
The verb yawn has 2 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (3) yawn
(utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired; "The child yawned during the long performance")
2. gape, yawn, yaw
(be wide open; "the deep gaping canyon") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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text:
A drawing or solid model software package may have the capability to save airfoil coordinate data in an x, y, z coordinate system.
After selection of a file, AeroFoil will scale the data to a maximum x/c of 1.0 and rotate it into the x/y plane. The data must begin at the airfoil trailing edge, continue along the surface, and terminate at the trailing edge. It may have a maximum of 250 coordinate points. The file may not contain any non-numeric values.
After the data file has been read it will be shown graphically on the main display and the coordinate points will be shown in the tabular grid. The data is displayed in a grid table with limited editing capability. Use the mouse and/or arrow keys to navigate in the table. The selected coordinate pair will be denoted on the airfoil by a red circle. It is NOT possible to create a data file using this table.


text:
African child is confronted with lots of challenges such as conflict, neglect, starvation, sexual abuse, inequality, lack of access to education, lack of parental care and their civic rights perpetually denied. 2016 Day of the African Child (DAC) is observe Under the theme "Conflict and Crisis in Africa: Protecting all Children's Rights". In line with the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) Continental Study on the impact of armed conflict on children is Africa, it is part of the efforts to elevate child protection agenda in conflict situation in Africa as well as a guarantee to protection and preservation of life and well-being of the African children. DAC is commemorated every year on 16th of June. Like every year, this year (DAC) present us with an ample opportunity not only for sober reflection against the myriads of child's challenges, but to also focus on the work of all actors committed to the rights of children on the continent in order to consolidate their efforts in addressing the obstacles for realising these rights.
YEF, as an active member of Child Protection Network (CPN) in Nigeria, is involved in a media briefing organised by the Lagos State Ministry of Women Affairs (WAPA) at the Lagos State Television Ikeja, in commemoration of the International Day of African Child 2016. Let's _TAG_#


Aayush Kumar Aayush Kumar - 5 months ago 34
C++ Question
How to reduce execution time in C++ for the following code?
I have written this code which has an execution time of 3.664 sec but the time limit is 3 seconds.
The question is this-
N teams participate in a league cricket tournament on Mars, where each
pair of distinct teams plays each other exactly once. Thus, there are a total
of (N × (N1))/2 matches. An expert has assigned a strength to each team,
a positive integer. Strangely, the Martian crowds love onesided matches
and the advertising revenue earned from a match is the absolute value of
the difference between the strengths of the two matches. Given the
strengths of the N teams, find the total advertising revenue earned from all
the matches.
Input format
Line 1 : A single integer, N.
Line 2 : N space separated integers, the strengths of the N teams.
using namespace std;
int main()
int n;
int stren[200000];
long long rev=0;
int pos=b;
for(int c=pos;c(stren[b]);
Live code here
Why does it work
Your loops make all pairs of 2 numbers and add the difference to rev. So in a sorted array, bth item is subtracted (n-1-b) times and added b times. Hence the number 2 * b - n + 1
There can be 1 micro optimization that possibly is not needed:
for(int b = 0, m = 1 - n; b < n; b++, m += 2)
 rev += m * static_cast(stren[b]);


Fuel system icing inhibitor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Fuel System Icing Inhibitor)
Jump to: navigation, search
Fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) is an additive to aviation fuels that prevents the formation of ice in fuel lines. FSII is sometimes referred to by the registered, genericized trademark Prist. Jet fuel can contain a small amount of dissolved water that does not appear in droplet form. As an aircraft gains altitude, the temperature drops and Jet fuel's capacity to hold water is diminished. Dissolved water can separate out and could become a serious problem if it freezes in fuel lines or filters, blocking the flow of fuel and shutting down an engine.
Chemical composition[edit]
Chemically, FSII is an almost pure (99.9%) ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGMME, 2-methoxy ethanol, APISOLVE 76, CAS number 109-86-4), or glycol monomethyl ether since 1994 diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGMME, 2- (2-methoxy ethoxy) ethanol, APITOL 120, methyl carbitol, CAS number 111-77-3). [1] Prior to 1994, Prist was regulated under the MIL-I-27686E standard, which specified use of EGMME, but subsequently came under the MIL-DTL-85470B, with use of less hazardous DEGMME with higher flash point. [2]
FSII retards the growth of microorganisms eventually present in the fuel, mostly Cladosporium resinae fungi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, known as "hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms" or "HUM bugs", which live in the water-fuel interface of the water droplets, form dark, gel-like mats, and cause microbial corrosion to plastic and rubber parts.
EGMME had been certified as a pesticide by the EPA, but as the requirement changes raised the certification costs, DEGMME has no official pesticide certification. DEGMME is a potent solvent, and at high concentrations can damage fuel bladders and filters. Long-term storage of FSII-fuel mixtures is therefore not recommended.
Anhydrous isopropyl alcohol is sometimes used as an alternative.
FSII is an agent that is mixed with jet fuel as it is pumped into the aircraft. The mixture of FSII must be between 0.10% and 0.15% by volume for the additive to work correctly, and the FSII must be distributed evenly throughout the fuel. Simply adding FSII after the fuel has been pumped is therefore not sufficient. As aircraft climbs after takeoff, the temperature drops, and any dissolved water will separate out from the fuel. FSII dissolves itself in water preferentially over the jet fuel, where it then serves to depress the freezing point of water to -43°C. Since the freezing point of jet fuel itself is usually in this region, the formation of ice is now a minimal concern.
Large aircraft do not require FSII as they are usually equipped with electric fuel line heaters that keep the fuel at an appropriate temperature to prevent icing. However, if the fuel heaters are inoperable, the aircraft may be still be declared fit to fly, if FSII is added to the fuel.
Storage and dispensing[edit]
It is extremely important to store FSII properly. Drums containing FSII must be kept clean and dry, since the additive is hygroscopic and can absorb water directly from moisture in the air. Since some brands of FSII are highly toxic, a crew member must wear gloves when handling it undiluted. Many FBOs allow FSII injection to be turned on or off so that one fuel truck can service planes that do require FSII as well as planes that don't. Line crew, however, must be able to deliver FSII when it is needed.
Such necessity was illustrated when a Flight Options Beechjet experienced a double flameout over the Gulf of Mexico in July 2004.[citation needed] The crew was able to glide to a lower altitude and restart the engines, and the aircraft landed safely. The FAA investigators found no mechanical problems with the engines, but when fuel samples were taken, FSII concentration was only 0.02%. Either the FSII injector in the refueler was not working at the FBO where the aircraft had received fuel, or the line staff failed to turn it on.


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"Mouchan" Mouchan by mke1963
Mouchan Travel Guide: 2 reviews and 4 photos
The small village of Mouchan is unusual in this part of the world for being down in the valley by a river - the Osse. Most villages are old and are therefore built up on the ridges and hilltops. Fourcès is another exception, but probably also, like Mouchan, a more recent village. "Recent" here means that it was built after the Dark Ages around the 10th Century. Building on higher ground was not just a defensive decision; the rivers were prone to flood badly and regularly. The Osse and the Gélise remain particularly prone to flooding, and Mouchan is still at risk. Those keen to paddle in the warm rivers of the Osse should be aware that upstream reservoirs can occasionally discharge water and the water level can rise quickly. As the rivers here do not rise in the Pyrenees, there are no hydro-electric schemes upstream, so these rivers in northern Gers are not at risk of significant discharges, it would be wise to be careful with small children.
Mouchan is best known for its Romanesque church, which is the earliest known church with Gothic features, so is well-known in the architectural world.
However, Mouchan is more than just one church. It has the traces of an ancient water-mill, the remains of the old fosse, and other interesting little vignettes of rural French architecture. It's also a pleasant village and starting pointing for great walks up and down the Osse valley and into the vineyards on the ridges around Cassaigne to the south.
The origins of the name are unknown, although there are local theories that it is derived from the Latin personal name Muscius. Given its location in the valley, this seems unlikely although Mouchan is on a Roman road. The remains of a Roman villa have been found nearby, but then what self-respecting Tenareze village doesn't have its crop of substantial Roman remains? In particular the area around Gelleneuve (south of Mouchan, alongside the Osse) has provided rich Roman relics. Others have suggested that the name started as Muysano ("more clean"), then Meysano, Moissan and finally Mouchan. However, earlier it was known as Valaque (and note that the hamlet nearby is still called Balagué.
In the 10th Century, the Benedictine order built a priory which, from 1264 onwards came under the protection of the church of Saint-Orens in Auch. This parish was the very furthest northern limit of the land of the archbishop of Auch. As often happened, the village first started from a clustering of houses and farms around the church, which was dedicated to Saint-Austrégésile (as is the church in the village of Vopillon across and down the valley a little). This saint, who died in 624, is a Gascon favourite, having already become the patron saint of Auch and Nogaro. Staint-Austrégésile was before his canonisation, the bishop of Bourges. In 1062, his relics were brought to Nogaro for the consecration of the basilica.
The development of the Chemin de Saint-Jacques de Compostelle led to Mouchan's priory becoming a deanery in 1080, with its adoption by the Order of Cluny, and the number of monks grew steadily. Over time, a pallisade and probably later stone walls were erected with a fosse to protect the settlement.
The fighting in the Hundred Years Wars made the area unsafe. In 1368, the Prince of Wales destroyed the church, and even afterwards, for many centuries, this was still really a frontier area subject to marauding groups. By the 16th Century, the population might have expected more stability, but in 1589 Montgomery's Protestant troops badly damaged the little church and destroyed the priory. Two generations later, the Black Death killed most of the population. The vilage cemetary wasn't big enough for all the bodies, and many had to buried at la Bourdette, well away from the village to the west. In 1708, the Comte de Mouchan died in the Battle of Tortosa in eastern Spain while fighting for the Duc d'Anjou, grand-son of Louis XIV. He was not Mouchan's first noble son though; Cardinal Jean III de Bilhelm Lagraulas, Archbishop of Lombez was an ambassador for Louis XI and Charles VI.
Little changed over the centuries until mayor Joseph-Bernard Faget started building in the 19th Century: a school, a cemetery, the mairie, and, intriguingly, the long avenue lined by lime trees between the church and the mairie. However, this last village enhancement caused a furore as it would cut right through the curate's garden. After some wonderful protests, typical of French local politics, the curate stormed out of the village, never to return.
The end of the 19th Century and early 20th Century brought the same sadnesses and tragedies to Mouchan as to almost every other rural community in southern France: devastation of the vines by disease, two World Wars, the amalgamation and mechanisation of farms leading to job losses, and then the inevitable outward migration. It took Spanish, Italian and latterly northern French and Belgian immigration to stem the flow. Before the First World War, there were a number of shops and a Post Office: now there are none. The effect continues today: in 1988, there were 33 farms, now only 16; then there were 454 head of cattle, now (2000) just 75.
Condom is just 8km to the east, and Larressingle 3km north. To the east is Gondrin, which can be reached across the valley on foot.
Don't miss the hamlet of Vopillon which is across the valley to the north-west.
- Pros:Tranquility; the church; the river
- Cons:No shops or places to have a drink
- In a nutshell:Mouchan is peaceful, but so are most of the villages in this tranquil part of the world.
This fabulous church is one of the wonders of Gascony. Built in the 11th Century, with stone from quarry at Ramounet... more travel advice
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Definition of dog whistle in English:
1A high-pitched whistle used to train dogs, typically having a sound inaudible to humans.
- X rays are light emitted at much higher frequencies than humans can see, in the same way as a dog whistle blows at a frequency that is beyond the sensitivity of the human ear.
- Blow into it and the sound produced is not unlike that of a dog whistle.
- He kept blowing a dog whistle in a fruitless attempt to coax Molly out.
1.1 [usually as modifier] A subtly aimed political message which is intended for, and can only be understood by, a particular group: dog-whistle issues such as immigration and crime
More example sentences
- She nailed the point of why the Government was holding such an Inquiry, describing it as "dog whistle politics to men's groups aggrieved by the Family Court".
- This dog whistle may have been missed by his audience, and was certainly neglected by the press, but it resonated in Conservative headquarters.
- Mr Norris added that modernisers who felt uneasy about the party's focus on "dog whistle" issues such as asylum may struggle to criticise the leadership.
Definition of dog whistle in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


Genetic Codes like art. Daniel Pesta
Daniel Pešta is a multimedia artist who refuses to limit himself to just one medium but experiments across the full spectrum of expressive media; in painting, video, assemblage, conceptual projects and genetic codes.
He was born in 1959 and graduated from the Václav Hollar School of Art. His first focus was on drawings, working as a graphic artist where he designed numerous series of illustrations for a classical music publisher. Following this, Pešta began applying his poster design techniques to non-commissioned work.
At first, he studied the figure, giving shape to its vulnerability. Later, he worked with portraits in which he focused primarily on expression and over time his works became more abstract; he reduced the number of colours and began to develope the essence of his visual style, which exists fully outside contemporary influences.
From around 1998 he began to experiment with a diverse range of materials such as paper, wax, leather, and transparent resin. A typical feature of Pešta's style and one that permeates all his work is the symbol of red string or red thread, painted in the colour of blood. The string symbolizes the inevitability of fate but also the never-ending story of the human race.
By Cecilia Durisotto
People, mixed media, 2011
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The CQUniversity Law Discipline approach to pastoral responsibility has four components:
1. Raising Awareness
The issues of professional wellbeing and mental illness are raised as part of student induction, but also considered in the ethical professionalism aspect of the curriculum where TLO 2: Ethics and Professional Responsibility, TLO 5: Communication and Collaboration and TLO 6: Self-management are embedded in coursework. Pastoral responsibility is also embedded in staff professional development.
- An information session is conducted with first-year students as part of their core studies with information on university counselling services and other options for help.
- Students are all sent a copy of the ALSA guide 'Depression in Australian Law Schools'
- Students are informed of a law discipline contact point and the staff equity/wellbeing officer.
- Staff professional development includes annual training on mental health and general wellbeing.
- We also provide a balance of activities outside of classes with the law students' society.
2. Professional Ethical Issues
Rather than focus just on the problems of mental illness, it is also important to build student capacity for resilience, self-management and values of collegial responsibility. These capacities can be built wherever TLO 2: Ethics and Professional Responsibility, TLO 5: Communication and Collaboration and TLO 6: Self-management are embedded in coursework.
- In coursework and assessment staff emphasise the importance of the reflective ethical practitioner.
- Resources and training are provided on good self-management techniques such as working to timelines and managing conflict.
- Coursework explores the role of leadership as a shared quality and ethics of care for team members.
3. Best Practices for Student Wellbeing
The Tristan Jepson Memorial Foundation has created a set of guidelines for best practice in legal professional settings - which includes both professional workplaces and law schools. We will become a signatory to the Guidelines and use these standards in law discipline governance.
- Embed the TJMF Psychological Wellbeing: Best Practice Guidelines for the Legal Profession in the organisational and cultural structure of the law discipline.
- Raise awareness of the Guidelines with staff through professional development.
- Include a link to the Guidelines on the law discipline website.
- Consider the impact of these guidelines on the procedures by which we set deadlines, grant extensions, supplementary exams, and manage student workload.
- Develop policies about 'second chances'.
4. Support for Diverse Career Destinations
While the minority of law graduates may end up in solicitors firms or barristers chambers, graduate employability surveys show strong employment rates in related fields. Examples of other destinations include in-house lawyers, government, advice to public organisations, regulatory, public
policy, research and education. Part of the continuing work of legal education is understanding the changing map of law employment and including this information in coursework and in advice to students.
- Enhance career advice programs including a diversity of graduate destinations.
- Implement coursework that draws on a broader range of examples and in assessment include a variety of career outcomes rather than focus just on appellate casework.
- Engage with alumni and participate in studies of graduate destinations.
- Include some WIL opportunities, including research-led teaching, working with current law reform projects.
The relevant CQUniversity Policies concerning pastoral responsibility may be found at:
- Student Welfare and Support Policy
- Student Welfare and Support Principles
- Student Welfare and Support website
FURTHER INFORMATION AND NEXT STEPS
Intake dates are March, July and November.
View the Law course page for more details.


Children's Medical Services
CMS_LogoWhat is the purpose of the program?
To assure that there is a community-based, coordinated, family-focused, comprehensive system of quality specialty healthcare services available for children with chronic medial conditions in Georgia.
What does the program do?
Children's Medical Services (CMS) directly provides or coordinates specialty medical evaluations and treatment for eligible children (birth to age 21) with chronic medical conditions. CMS provides or pays for comprehensive physical evaluation, diagnostic tests, inpatient/outpatient hospitalization, medications and other medical treatments, durable medical equipment, hearing aids, and dental if related to the child's CMS-eligible condition and not covered by another source. CMS works closely with the primary care provider to coordinate services.
Why is the program important?
CMS provides access to specialty healthcare for children through a long-standing successful public-private partnership including over 400 providers. By providing quality care and assisting with payment for services, the program enable children to receive medically necessary services that prevent further complications from their condition(s) and promote healthy growth and development.
Who is eligible?
A family of four could make up to $55,286/year (236% if the federal poverty level); and children who are Medicaid-enrolled, receive Supplemental Security Income (SS), or are in foster care. NOTE: Special allowances are made for those with no other resources. The range of medically eligible conditions include burn; cardiac conditions; chronic lung disease (including cystic fibrosis); craniofacial anomalies (including cleft lip/palate); diabetes mellitus; gastrointestinal disorders; hearing disorders; spina bifida; neurological and microsurgical conditions, including epilepsy and hydrocephalus; orthopedic and/or neuromuscular disorders (such as scoliosis); congenital or traumatic amputations of limbs; cerebral palsy; vision disorders (including cataracts, glaucoma, amblyopic, and strabismus).
Where are services located?
Please contact the local Child Health Coordinator at your County Health Department for information/referral.
Informational Flyer


text:
Specifies how a user starts cell editing in the DataGridView control.
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
|Editing begins when the cell receives focus. This mode is useful when pressing the TAB key to enter values across a row, or when pressing the ENTER key to enter values down a column.|
|Editing begins when any alphanumeric key is pressed while the cell has focus.|
|Editing begins when any alphanumeric key or F2 is pressed while the cell has focus.|
|Editing begins when F2 is pressed while the cell has focus. This mode places the selection point at the end of the cell contents.|
|Editing begins only when the BeginEdit method is called.|
The following code example illustrates the use of this type. For more information, see How to: Specify the Edit Mode for the Windows Forms DataGridView Control.


Jun 28, 2013
What's the difference between being an administrator user and root user on a Mac?
What can one do that the other can't, if anything?
This article might be of interest.
Enabling and using the "root" user in Mac OS X
"About the root user
The user named "root" is a special user in UNIX-style operating systems that has read and write privileges to all areas of the file system. The root user should only be used for specific administration or monitoring tasks. After completing a task as the root user, you should log out of Mac OS X and log back in using a normal or administrator account. You should disable root access if you do not use it often.
The root user does not appear in Users or Accounts preferences.
Important notes
Only the owner of a computer or its designated administrator(s) should have an administrator account or the root password.
Any user with an administrator account can become the root user or reset the root password.
A root password should be difficult to guess, containing both numbers and letters within the first eight characters.
A root user has the ability to access other users' files.
The root user has the ability to relocate or remove required system files and to introduce new files in locations that are protected from other users."
A root user can screw things up much more easily. You can access pretty much everything as a root user, including other users' files. The training wheels are off, and you can change or delete files with impunity, which can be a very bad thing if you delete or change the wrong thing. Be very careful, and don't do things while you are poking around as a root user unless you understand the consequences.
Answer this


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hitchhiker in Luxembourg (1977)
Hitchhiking is a way that people can travel from one place to another. Usually, a hitchhiker (a person who hitchhikes) will stand at the side of a road and hold his or her thumb in the air waiting for the car to come and pick her or him up. This is a sign that he or she wants a car to stop and pick him/her up. The distance traveled by hitchhiking can be anywhere from walking distance to across a continent. Hitchhiking is against the law in some areas (for example around a prison in the United States).
It was a very common way of travelling in Europe in the 1970s and is still done by many people all over the world.
Other websites[change | change source]
Autostop invalid attempt.jpg


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In the past few years in the U.K., an increasing number of people are being subjected to "Anti-Social Behavior Orders", or Asbos. These are similar in some respects to personal protection orders (PPO) or restraining orders in the U.S., but the threshold for obtaining such an order is much lower. Most notably, it seems that the largest criterion for obtaining an Asbo is that somebody be offended by the target's conduct. Although an Asbo (like a PPO) is a civil order, the violation of an ASBO can result in a custodial sentence (similar to a contempt sentence that might result from violating an PPO). But given the lower threshold for issuance, there have been some peculiar results.
A couple of days ago, The Observer described how "Children with autism and other serious psychological conditions are being targetted by the government's controversial anti-social behaviour orders (Asbos), according to mental health charities and professionals." The examples they give include:
- "In one case in the South West, a 15-year-old boy with Asperger's syndrome, an autistic disorder, was given an Asbo which stated he was not to stare over his neighbours' fence into their garden."
- "In one example discovered by BIBIC, an Asbo was given to a 15-year-old with Tourette syndrome, which can involve an inability to stop shouting out profanities. The order banned the teenager from swearing in public, something made impossible by the gravity of his disorder."
- "In one case in the Midlands, the authorities applied for an Asbo against a 12-year-old girl with Asperger's who had been swearing in the street. It later emerged that she had heard her parents arguing with neighbours and had simply mimicked them."


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Lord Haw-Haw was the nickname of several announcers on the English language propaganda radio programme Germany Calling, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in Great Britain on the medium wave station Reichssender Hamburg and by shortwave to the United States. The programme started on 18 September, 1939 and continued until 30 April, 1945, when Hamburg was overrun by the British Army. The nickname generally refers to William Joyce, who was the German radio's most prominent English language speaker, but was also applied to other speakers.
Through such broadcasts, the Third Reich
attempted to discourage and demoralize British and American troops and the British population within radio listening range, to suppress the effectiveness of the Allied
war effort through propaganda, and to motivate the Allies to agree to peace terms leaving the Nazi regime intact and in power. Among many techniques used, the Nazi broadcasts prominently reported on the shooting down of Allied aircraft and the sinking of Allied ships, presenting discouraging reports of high losses and casualties among Allied forces. Although the broadcasts were widely known to be Nazi propaganda, they frequently offered the only details available from behind enemy lines concerning the fate of friends and relatives who did not return from bombing raids over Germany. As a result, Allied troops and civilians frequently listened to Lord Haw-Haw's broadcasts in spite of the sometimes infuriating content and frequent inaccuracies and exaggerations, in the hopes of learning clues about the fate of Allied troops and air crews.
Origin of the name
The term "Lord Haw-Haw" was originally the nickname of James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan
, a 19th century British general, and the man who led The Charge of the Light Brigade
at the Battle of Balaclava
. The pseudonymous
radio critic Jonah Barrington
of the Daily Express
was the first to use the epithet to describe a German broadcaster, in an attempt to reduce his possible impact: "He speaks English
of the haw-haw, dammit-get-out-of-my-way-variety". However, the history of the name is somewhat confused; it was actually applied to a number of different announcers. Even soon after Barrington coined the nickname, it was uncertain exactly which German broadcaster he was describing. Some people just used "Lord Haw-Haw" as a generic term to describe all English-language German broadcasters. Poor reception may have added to some people's difficulties distinguishing between broadcasters.
Announcers using the pseudonym
A number of announcers could have been Lord Haw-Haw:
- Wolf Mittler was a German national with a British education who spoke as the caricature of an upper-class Englishman. His persona was described by some listeners as similar to the fictional aristocrat Bertie Wooster. Most people who have examined the issue have concluded that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington described. Under Mittler, the program reached its greatest popularity in Britain and Ireland, with over six million listeners.
- Norman Baillie-Stewart was a former officer of the Seaforth Highlanders who was cashiered for selling secrets to Germany. He worked as a broadcaster for the Germans for a short time in 1939. He was jailed for five years by the British after the war. For a time he claimed that he was the original Lord Haw-Haw. He did have an upper-class accent, which supported his original claim; however, he later came around to the view that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington had heard.
- Eduard Dietze, a broadcaster of mixed German-British-Hungarian family background, is another possible, but less likely candidate for the original Lord Haw-Haw.
- William Joyce replaced Mittler in 1939. Joyce was American-born and raised in Ireland. Although a Catholic, as a teenager he informed on the IRA rebels to the British forces during the Anglo-Irish War. He was also formerly a senior member of the British Union of Fascists, and fled England when tipped off about his planned internment on August 26, 1939. He was the main German broadcaster in English for most of the war, and became a naturalised German citizen; he is usually regarded as "Lord Haw-Haw," even though he was probably not the person to whom the term originally referred. He had a peculiar hybrid accent that was not of the conventional upper class variety. His distinctive pronunciation of "Jairmany calling, Jairmany calling" which can be described as a "nasal drawl," may have been the result of a broken nose.
Later history and aftermath
After Joyce took over, Mittler was paired with the American-born announcer Mildred Gillars in the Axis Sally program and also broadcast to ANZAC forces in North Africa. Mittler survived the war and appeared on postwar German television. Baillie-Stewart was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Joyce was captured by British forces in northern Germany just as the war ended, tried, and eventually hanged for treason on January 3, 1946. Joyce's defense team, appointed to him by the court, argued that, as an American citizen and naturalised German, Joyce could not have been convicted of treason against the British Crown. However, the prosecution successfully argued on the basis of a technicality that having lied about his nationality to obtain a British passport and to vote, Joyce owed allegiance to the King.
The decision to hang him was made perhaps because of the fear his alleged omniscience had inspired. As J.A. Cole has written, "The British public would not have been surprised if, in that Flensburg wood, Haw-Haw had carried in his pocket a secret weapon capable of annihilating an armoured brigade."
- Biggs, Stanley Champion. As Luck Would Have It in War and Peace (Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2008)
- Cole, J.A. Lord Haw-Haw & William Joyce: The Full Story (New York, 1965)


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Australian photographer Daniel Shipp's photographic series "Botanical Inquiry" blends the beauty of every day plants along side ghostly urban environments. The composition of the plants highlights and accents their subtle botanical beauty. It creates a striking contrast with the often haunted background. His arrangements have the pants framing the urban scene. The viewer looks through their foliage to see the world beyond.
I enjoy that you can tell the images are constructed. The plants are collected and posed in relationship the their background. The resulting technique creates a strong cinematic image that's aware of it's artifice. The resulting image creates a more interesting narrative. You see the world through the plants perspective, on its scale.


Did Jesus Have Long Hair?
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Did Jesus Have Long Hair?
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After all, that's the way they've always seen Him portrayed in every painting, drawing or movie. That's the only Jesus they've ever seen. But are those depictions accurate?
The fact is, we don't know what Jesus looked like, because the first depictions of Him weren't done until hundreds of years later. Thus every image we've ever seen of Him is based solely on artists' imaginations.
While we don't know what Jesus looked like, we do know that He didn't look like the common depictions of Him with long hair. After all, this same Jesus inspired the apostle Paul to write in 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:14Does not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame to him?
American King James Version×
In addition to this instruction regarding long hair on men, the Bible also contains circumstantial evidence that Jesus didn't have long hair.
Perhaps the most telling is that when Judas betrayed Jesus, he had to identify Jesus by a kiss. That was the prearranged signal Judas had given so that the guards could identify Jesus. Why did Judas have to do that? Because Jesus looked just like any average man of His day, and they wouldn't have been able to identify Him if Judas hadn't betrayed Him with a kiss.
This incident shows us that Jesus looked like any ordinary, average Jew of His day; there was nothing distinguishing about Him. The messianic prophecy of Isaiah 53:2 Isaiah 53:2For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he has no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.
American King James Version×
(NIV) says of Him: "He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him, nothing in his appearance that we should desire him."
The Gospels tell us that on at least two occasions Jesus slipped away into the crowds when people were trying to kill Him (Luke 4:30 Luke 4:30But he passing through the middle of them went his way,
American King James Version×
; John 8:59 John 8:59Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the middle of them, and so passed by.
American King James Version×
). He was able to escape harm because He was simply an average-looking man of His day and blended in with the other people around Him.
A Feb. 24, 2004, Associated Press article reports: "'Jesus didn't have long hair,' said physical anthropologist Joe Zias, who has studied hundreds of skeletons found in archaeological digs in Jerusalem. 'Jewish men back in antiquity did not have long hair.' 'The Jewish texts ridiculed long hair as something Roman or Greek,' said New York University's Lawrence Schiffman" ("Jesus Scholars Find Fault in Gibson's 'Passion'"). However, it wasn't at all typical among even the Greeks and Romans, as plenty of statues and coins from the time attest.
"Along with extensive writings from the period, experts also point to a frieze on Rome's Arch of Titus, erected after Jerusalem was captured in AD 70 to celebrate the victory, which shows Jewish men with short hair taken into captivity" (ibid.).
Jesus wasn't the tender, effeminate man with a somewhat angelic appearance as commonly depicted in paintings. He was a carpenter, a builder, a man who knew the construction trade. He knew how to cut down trees and make wooden beams, to haul rocks to build walls, to construct buildings from stone and timber.
The Gospels make it clear that He spent a lot of time outdoors. He hung out with fishermen, the kind of characters who would never respect and look up to a weakling. Yet Jesus had 12 disciples who followed Him everywhere He went and who in time died for Him. They knew Him as a real man, not the fabrication we see in so many paintings.
You might also be interested in...


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Abstract: This article highlights the extent to which Töpffer's comic strip was an atypical artifact within its initial environment and has remained a problematic cultural object to name and define ever since.
Töpffer's groundbreaking pictorial storytelling strategy burst through the confines of his era's narrative practices in more ways than one, and its hybrid nature was not just a factor of image and word, but also of representation of the static and the dynamic. It blended the narrative flexibility of the novel, the visual comedy of street theater, and the sophisticated text/image interplay of the satirical cartoon with the elliptic plotting of the early 1800s single-leaf popular print stories.
In retrospect, Töpffer's graphic stories evoke an improbable collaboration between Diderot and Buster Keaton. Indeed, their first reviewer, Goethe, called this narrative medium the 'strangest of forms,' defining his own readerly experience of these texts in near-cinematic terms and dwelling on the efficiency of communication between the artist's idea and the reader's reception of it. I argue in this essay that fuzzy definition played a part in impeding the graphic novel's recognition on the cultural index in spite of its extreme artistic richness and efficiency as a narrative medium.


text: This paper reports a study investigating the relationship between Internet identification, Internet anxiety and Internet use. The participants were 446 students (319 females and 127 males) from two universities in the UK and one university in Australia. Measures of Internet identification and Internet anxiety were developed. The majority of participants were NOT anxious about using the Internet, although there were approximately 8% who showed evidence of Internet anxiety. There was a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet use. Those who were more anxious about using the Internet used the Internet less, although the magnitude of effect was small. There was a positive and significant relationship between Internet use and Internet identification. Those who scored high on the measure of Internet identification used the Internet more than those who did not. There was also a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet identification. Finally, males had a significantly higher Internet identification score than females. Implications of these findings are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
Sun Screen Strength
A student in the science fair tried sun screen on light
sensitive plastic beads... they all turned color, indicating the screen
didn't work. Is this a valid test of the strngth of sun screen? Ideas?
What would be the effect if no-sun screen was used.
Would the beads change color to a larger extent?
What would happen with the beads using lower/higher SBF sunscreens.?
What is sun screen trying to filter out? All light, or just (invisible)
ultraviolet? What do the beads detect? Only ultraviolet, or visible light?
I think you can answer these questions, and from that answer your original
Richard Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
I assume that the beads were subjected to sunlight and they changed color.
These are some possible explanations for the stated observations.
The beads could be visible light sensitive and change color when exposed to
visible light. In that case, the observation does not prove anything.
The beads could be sensitive to both UV and visible light, in which case,
the sun screen could stop the UV and pass the visible. The beads would turn
color as a result of the exposure to visible light. No conclusion can be
made about sunscreen effectiveness.
If the beads are sensitive only to UV radiation, then we need to ask how
sensitive they are. Will they still show a change in color when exposed
to the fraction of the UV radiation that passes through the sunscreen?
If the beads are very sensitive, then even low levels of UV radiation could
saturate them (i.e., complete the color change). Sunscreens, even the
ones with high SPF (sun protection factor) of 30 or more, pass some UV
radiation and this may be sufficient to show a full color change to the
human eye (which is not a good light meter).
Dr. Ali Khounsary
Advanced Photon Source
Argonne National Laboratory
Sun screen only attenuates light in certain wavelength regions. If the
light-sensitive beads respond to a wavelength range the sun screen is
not intended to block, then the test results don't say anything about the
effectiveness of the sun screen.
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Update: June 2012


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K12 LibreTexts
1.4.3: Graphing Cube Root Functions
 - Page ID
 - Graphing Cubed Root Functions
 Mrs. Garcia assigns her student the cube root function \(\ y=-\sqrt[3]{(x+1)}\) to graph for homework. The following day, she asks her students which quadrant(s) their graph is in.
 Alendro says that because of the negative sign, all y values are negative. Therefore his graph is only in the third and fourth quadrants quadrant.
 Dako says that his graph is in the third and fourth quadrants as well but it is also in the second quadrant.
 Marisha says they are both wrong and that her graph of the function is in all four quadrants.
 Which one of them is correct?
 Graphing Cubed Root Functions
 A cubed root function is different from that of a square root. Their general forms look very similar, \(\ y=a \sqrt[3]{x-h}+k\) and the parent graph is \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\). However, we can take the cubed root of a negative number, therefore, it will be defined for all values of x. Graphing the parent graph, we have:
 x y
 -27 -3
 -8 -2
 -1 -1
 0 0
 1 1
 8 2
 27 3
 For \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\), the output is the same as the input of \(\ y=x^{3}\). The domain and range of \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\) are all real numbers. Notice there is no "starting point" like the square root functions, the (h,k) now refers to the point where the function bends, called a point of inflection.
 Let's describe how to obtain the graph of \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}+5\) from \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\).
 We know that the +5 indicates a vertical shift of 5 units up. Therefore, this graph will look exactly the same as the parent graph, shifted up five units.
 Now, let's graph \(\ f(x)=-\sqrt[3]{x+2}-3\) and find the domain and range.
 From the previous problem, we know that from the parent graph, this function is going to shift to the left two units and down three units. The negative sign will result in a reflection.
 Alternate Method: If you want to use a table, that will also work. Here is a table, then plot the points. (h,k) should always be the middle point in your table.
 x y
 6 -5
 -1 -4
 -2 -3
 -3 -2
 -10 -1
 Finally, let's graph \(\ f(x)=\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[3]{x-4}\).
 The -4 tells us that, from the parent graph, the function will shift to the right four units. The \(\ 1 \over 2\) effects how quickly the function will "grow". Because it is less than one, it will grow slower than the parent graph.
 Using the graphing calculator: If you wanted to graph this function using the TI-83 or 84, press Y= and clear out any functions. Then, press (1÷2), MATH and scroll down to 4: \sqrt[3]{ } and press ENTER. Then, type in the rest of the function, so that \(\ Y=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \sqrt[3]{(X-4)}\). Press GRAPH and adjust the window.
 Important Note: The domain and range of all cubed root functions are both all real numbers.
 Example 1
 Earlier, you were asked to determine which student was correct.
 If you graph the function \(\ y=-\sqrt[3]{(x+1)}\), you see that the domain is all real numbers, which makes all quadrants possible. However, for all positive values of xy is negative because of the negative sign in front of the cube root. That rules out the first quadrant. Therefore, Dako is correct.
 Example 2
 Evaluate \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x+4}-11\) when \(\ x=−12\).
 Plug in \(\ x=−12\) and solve for \(\ y\).
 \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{-12+4}-11=\sqrt[3]{-8}+4=-2+4=2\)
 Example 3
 Describe how to obtain the graph of \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x+4}-11\) from \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\).
 Starting with \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\), you would obtain \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x+4}-11\) by shifting the function to the left four units and down 11 units.
 Graph the following cubed root functions. Check your graphs on the graphing calculator.
 Example 4
 \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x-2}-4\)
 This function is a horizontal shift to the right two units and down four units.
 Example 5
 \(\ f(x)=-3 \sqrt{x}-1\)
 This function is a reflection of \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}\) and stretched to be three times as large. Lastly, it is shifted down one unit.
 Evaluate \(\ f(x)=\sqrt[3]{2 x-1}\) for the following values of \(\ x\).
 1. f(14)
 2. f(−62)
 3. f(20)
 Graph the following cubed root functions. Use your calculator to check your answers.
 1. \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x}+4\)
 2. \(\ y=\sqrt[3]{x-3}\)
 3. \(\ f(x)=\sqrt[3]{x+2}-1\)
 4. \(\ g(x)=-\sqrt[3]{x}-6\)
 5. \(\ f(x)=2 \sqrt[3]{x+1}\)
 6. \(\ h(x)=-3 \sqrt[3]{x}+5\)
 7. \(\ y=\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[3]{1-x}\)
 8. \(\ y=2 \sqrt[3]{x+4}-3\)
 9. \(\ y=-\frac{1}{3} \sqrt[3]{x-5}+2\)
 10. \(\ g(x)=\sqrt[3]{6-x}+7\)
 11. \(\ f(x)=-5 \sqrt[3]{x-1}+3\)
 12. \(\ y=4 \sqrt[3]{7-x}-8\)
 Answers for Review Problems
 To see the Review answers, open this PDF file and look for section 7.5.
 Term Definition
 General Equation for a Cubed Root Function The general equation for a cubed root function is \(\ f(x)=a \sqrt[3]{x-h}+k\), where h is the horizontal shift and k is the vertical shift.
 Image Attributions
 1. [Figure 1]
 Credit: Sean MacEntee
 2. [Figure 2]
 Credit: Sean MacEntee
 3. [Figure 3]
 Credit: Sean MacEntee
 4. [Figure 4]
 Credit: Sean MacEntee
 5. [Figure 5]
 Credit: Sean MacEntee


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
Olbers' paradox
[ohl-berz] /ˈoʊl bərz/
noun, Astronomy
the paradox that if the universe consisted of an infinite number of stars equally distributed through space, then every line of sight would come from a star and the night sky would glow uniformly, which is observationally not true.
1950-55; after H.W.M. Olbers Unabridged
Cite This Source
Word Origin and History for olbers-paradox
Olbers' paradox
"if stars are uniformly distributed through the sky, their number should counterbalance their faintness and the night sky should be as bright as the day;" named for German astronomer H.W.M. Olbers (_PHONE_), who propounded it in 1826.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Few English speakers likely know this word
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text:
Thermally crosslinked polyimide hollow fiber membranes for natural gas purification
MetadataShow full item record
Robust industrially relevant membranes for CO₂ removal from aggressive natural gas feed streams were developed and characterized. Asymmetric hollow fiber membranes with defect-free selective skin layers on an optimized porous support substructure were successfully spun and subsequently stabilized by covalent crosslinking within the economical membrane formation process. Thermal treatment conditions, which promote sufficient crosslinking without introducing defects or undesired substructure resistance, were identified. It was found that crosslinking improves membrane efficiency and plasticization resistance as well as mechanical strength of fibers. The capability to maintain attractive separation performance under realistic operating conditions and durability against deleterious impurities suggests that the crosslinked fibers have great potential for use in diverse aggressive applications, even beyond the CO₂/CH₄ example explored in this work.


text:
AfriGeneas Military Research Forum Archive
WWII - The 'Black Panther' Tank Battalion
From the editors of TheHistoryNet
The 'Black Panther' Tank Battalion
The 761st 'Black Panther' Tank Battalion was the first African-American armored unit to see combat.
By Joseph E. Wilson, Jr.
Before and during mobilization for World War II, officials in Washington, D.C., debated whether or not African-American soldiers should be used in armored units. Many military men and politicians believed that blacks did not have the brains, quickness or moral stamina to fight in a war.
Referring to his World War I experiences, Colonel James A. Moss, commander of the 367th Infantry Regiment, 92nd Division, stated, "As fighting troops, the Negro must be rated as second-class material, this primarily to his inferior intelligence and lack of mental and moral qualities." Colonel Perry L. Miles, commander of the 371st Infantry Regiment, 93rd Division, voiced a similar opinion: "In a future war, the main use of the Negro should be in labor organizations." General George S. Patton, Jr., in a letter to his wife, wrote that "a colored soldier cannot think fast enough to fight in armor."
THEY ALL WERE PROVEN WRONG - EXCELLENT ARTICLE - READ MORE at:
Messages In This Thread


text:
Hammers and mallets are some of the most useful tools available to the home craftsman. While most people own at least one basic hammer, many are unaware that there are actually a variety of different types of hammers and mallets, each with its own specific use. A professional craftsman will often employ many different hammers depending upon what the job calls for, and learning their different uses can be beneficial even for those who do not find themselves using hammers regularly.
The claw hammer is what most people think of when they hear the word "hammer." This is a great all-around tool that is used in most general carpentry jobs. The claw aspect of this hammer is used to pull nails from the wall, making the claw hammer an effective multitasking tool. Claw hammers can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be made with both wooden and metal shafts, with wood being the most common material used. Every homeowner should have a claw hammer in their toolkit.
Ball-pein hammers are used quite frequently by engineers. The pein, or round ball on the backside of the hammer, can be used to shape metals, as well as for riveting. Like the claw hammer, ball-pein hammers are suitable general carpentry jobs, especially for those that involve the need to bend metals.
Also known as a club hammer, the carpenter's mallet is used in jobs that require a little extra power. Furniture assembly and shaping metals often involve the use of a carpenter's mallet, as do any other jobs that require force without blows that cause marring. While most home craftsmen will not find themselves using a carpenter's mallet on a daily basis, it is a good idea to have one around, as they can come in handy during special projects.


quantum vision systemAs we age, our eyes get weaker. It is a natural that our eye muscles become weaker and you may even find that you now need to wear glasses to see clearly. Your eyesight will never be the same again without corrective surgery. Or will it? Thanks to a revolutionary new discovery by Dr. John Kemp called the Quantum Vision System, you may be able to correct your vision problems using quantum therapy.
What is the Quantum Vision System?
The Quantum Vision System is a vision therapy course that is brand new and created by Dr. Kemp. The therapy course is designed to help your vision improve without the need for surgery. This course can help anyone who has vision issues, no matter what the issue is. The therapy course will help those who wear glasses improve their sight so much that glasses will no longer be needed! This therapy course can help those who are:
 - farsightedness
 - nearsightedness
 - astigmatism
 - sensitivity to the light
How does the Quantum Vision System work?
This revolutionary system is designed to help strengthen the eye muscle and improve your vision by doing a series of eye exercises. When you order Dr. Kemp's program you will be given a vision therapy course that will walk you through what exercises you should be performing to keep your vision at its peak performance. The exercises given to you are guaranteed to improve your eyesight. Dr. Elliot Reid with the Hoboken University Medical Center has backed Dr. Kemp's claim and has confirmed it by saying that "specific eye exercise, done properly, can help to improve a patient's eye health and vision.".
What do I receive when I order Quantum Vision System?
When you order your kit from Dr. Kemp, you will receive:
 - Optometrist's eye charts
 - Complete illustrations of eye strategies
 - Instructional video modules
 - Vision booster packs
 - 3 Bonus instructional videos on quantum detector, quantum memory, and quantum reading
Dr. Kemp's program will help you to achieve the perfect vision you have always wanted.
quantum vision systems


Automatic theory formation in graph theory
Hemerson PistoriJacques Wainer
This paper presents SCOT, a system for automatic theory construction in the domain of Graph Theory. Following on the footsteps of the programs ARE [9], HR [1] and Cyrano [6], concept discovery is modeled as search in a concept space. We propose a classification for discovery heuristics, which takes into account the main processes related to theory construction: concept construction, example production, example analysis, conjecture construction, and conjecture analysis.;pid=S0104-65001999000300003&lng=e
Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Computação - Contato:
 Mantida por:


text:
Snapchat. One of those revolutionary apps that made an undeniable impact on the way social media apps work. Firstly introduced as iOS exclusive, later take a significant role within Android, too. And suddenly, it started declining to levels that make it almost unusable. Android users report Snapchat crashes, stutters, and overall poor performance. If you are among them, we have a few things to try and mitigate these issues, if not outright solve them.
Table of contents:
How to resolve Snapchat stutters and crashes on Android
If your Snapchat lags, stutters, or crashes on Android, make sure to clear data from the app, reinstall Snapchat, or roll back to an older version via an APK.
It goes without saying that you should be connected to a stable Wi-Fi network or mobile data network. Learn more below.
1. Clear apps cache and data
Let's start with the acknowledged route. Cache and data are there for a reason. Data is, obviously, everything you or the app itself stores on the internal storage. Cache, on the other hand, is there to speed the app's loading time and it contains temporary files. Both are important and both, sadly, can sometimes cause issues.
Follow the instructions below to clear both Data and Cache from the Snapchat app:
- Tap Settings.
- Open Apps or Application Manager.
- Open All apps.
- Tap Snapchat.
- Open Storage.
- Clear Cache and Data.
- Restart your device.
After that, you might need to sign in again with your credentials. If nothing changed and Snapchat still crashes, move through the additional steps.
2. Reinstall the Snapchat app
Even though the Android platform is much more homogenous nowadays, system update or structural changes within the system can affect the behavior of certain apps. And if an app is in a state in which is Snapchat currently, nothing should surprise you. Reinstallation is one way to address this.
Here's how to reinstall Snapchat on Android:
- Tap and hold the Snapchat app in the App drawer or on the Home screen.
- Drag it to the top and Uninstall it.
- Restart your device.
- Open Play Store.
- Search for Snapchat.
- Install the app.
3. Download older APK version
If the current, or even the latest few versions were causing issues, you can always downgrade by downloading the older, well-performing version. This procedure isn't as simple as roaming through Play Store, but it might help you overcome the current issues you're facing.
Here's what you need to do:
- Navigate to APKMirror, here, and download an older (but recent) APK version of Snapchat. Beta versions are also an option but we suggest avoiding them due to the aforementioned stability issues.
- Uninstall the Snapchat app.
- Allow app installation from external sources.
- Install APK, sign in, and look for improvements.
Don't forget to tell us in the comments section below. Thanks for reading and have a good day.
Editor's note: This article was originally published in August 2017. We made sure to revamp it for freshness and accuracy.


text:
Name of property:
Two small detached one-storey structures. Part of the ribbon development along Kortijnweg. Two hipped roofs, parallel and perpendicular to street, with cement hips and ridges with finials. Front façades with cornice, door and step (nr.47), and door and three windows (nr.49). Wooden side façade (nr.47)
Architectural historical and cultural historical value as an example of a modest, traditional stone-built dwelling with hipped roofs, and as part of a ribbon development. Specific value as part of a protected monumental townscape.
First quarter of 20th century


text:
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A REFRAECTOMETRIC DETECTOR
A refractometric detector or a refractive index (RI or RID) detector measures the refractive index of an analyte with respect to the solvent. It is a universal detector but has low sensitivity. Often used as detectors used in GPC (size exclusion chromatography).
The refractometer contains a flow cell with two parts: one for the sample and the other for the reference solvent. The detector measures the refractive index of both components. As soon as the solvent flows through a sample component, the measured refractive index of both components is the same, but as the analyte passes through the flow cell, the two measured refractive indices are different. The difference appears as a peak in the chromatogram. The detector is not suitable for applications where gradient analysis is necessary. Usually, these types of detectors are characterized by low sensitivity, but Wyatt has launched the Optilab series.
In our laboratory, RI detectors are used mainly for the analysis of polymers and volatile substances, which cannot be analyzed using ELSD or MSxMS.


Tuesday, October 31, 2006
Comparing and Merging two XML files
Comparing and Merging two XML files
The problem :
I have a xml file conversion program. It converts first.xml to target.xml. I have also written a program to convert target.xml to first.xml.
The problem is to preserve the changes made to target.xml. The user is allowed to edit the target.xml manually. For example he can add an element, modify attributes etc..
The file conversion from first.xml to target.xml is not a one-one conversion. There are scenarios like one element in first.xml is equivalent to 25 elements in the target. Further the first.xml does not capture all attributes and data needed to generate target.xml. So there are lot of values which are defaulted during initial conversion. Hence we need a round trip solution. The system should be able to import target.xml and export target.xml while preserving all changes made in target.xml
The current system
xslt is used to generate target.xml from a given first.xml. Conversion of target.xml to first.xml is again handled by xslt. Does not support round trip. ie current system looses most of the changes made manually. Other technologies used XMLBeans, JSF
The approach
Following are the list of feature needed
a) Export first.xml to target.xml
b) Import target.xml to first.xml
At a concept level the import solution can be modeled as follows
Retain the current convertion logic ( ie, extract as much as data needed for first.xml)
Generate a delta of changes.
Use the delta and merge it with the target.xml generated in export process
Activities planned
1) Identify appropriate Java based solutions
2) Evaluate each solution
3) Design the final solution
4) Implement the solution
Solutions evaluated
2) XMLBeans
4) XMLUnit
5) The "3DM" XML 3-way Merging and Differencing Tool
6) DOM
7) X-Diff
8) XML Diff and Merge Tool(Alpha works)
The initial though process is to generate the target.xml. Compare it with the one used during import. (instead of storing the delta store the whole document). Copy/overwrite/ignore the delta to the newly generated target.xml. Hence I started evaluating various options available to deeply compare the xml tree. Features needed are
a) Compare the whole document
b) Compare the elements selectively
c) Comprision has to be smart enough to ignore -- spaces, return characters, alteration of sequences, changes in positions of attributes etc..
1) XSLT --- very complex. There are couple of code fragments available out there. But I felt it was too complex to understand and maintain. Also xsl tends to be too lengthy.
2) XMLBeans -- There are two methods defined in XMLObject compareTo( Object) and compareValue(XMLObject).
public int compareTo(Object obj)
Impelements the Comparable interface by comparing two simple xml values based on their standard XML schema ordering. Throws a ClassCastException if no standard ordering applies, or if the two values are incomparable within a partial order.
public int compareValue(XmlObject obj)
This comparison method is similar to compareTo, but rather than throwing a ClassCastException when two values are incomparable, it returns the number 2. The result codes are -1 if this object is less than obj, 1 if this object is greater than obj, zero if the objects are equal, and 2 if the objects are incomparable.
There is also an implementation availble in XMLObjectBase.java. This method does not work. I downloaded the source code and trid to fix it. I was not going any where. One of the response from bea says that these methods can handle ony simple type( what ever it is) and need developers to code for handling schema based comparision.
The story with jaxb is almost the same as xml beans. The interfaces have compareTo(Object ). But there is no implementation.
4) XMLUnit
Comparing xml files is very easy in XMLUnit
Diff myDiff = new Diff(controlDocument, testDocument); XML Unit can identify similar, identical and also print all differences found with element name and attribute names. The limitation is the API is built around DOM ie, it works with org.w3c.dom.Document which represents the whole xml document. XML Unit does not support our B requrement
This project is still in alpha
6) DOM
DOM 3 has defined the behaviour for isEqualNode(). I tried the default parser in JDK 1.5 and also Xerces-J-bin.2.8.1. In either case it throws an exception saying DOM 3 implementation needed. Even Oracle parser has DOM 3 but i wonder if they have implemented isEqualNode(). The conclution is DOM 3 isEqualNode() is not yet there
7) X-Diff
No files released
8) XML Diff and Merge Tool(Alpha works)
This seems to be targeted to GUI applications. Not suitable for our requirements.
It seems comparing XML is still an under developed technology. This raises few more questions.
What happened to the do any thing and do in anywhere promise of XML. Or is this impression I got coz my exploration is limited to java world.
How does mature technologies like RDBMS handle this kind of requirements.
After-all RDBMS does handle these problems. The solution in RDBMS world are much simpler. It does not have deeply nested hierarchies. So these type of requirements are handled by manual coding. Probably we will not need sophisticated tools as in XML world.
After this exercise I had changed my approach. The new approach is use manual coding. I used XMLBeans as binding framework. Manipulate each element as java objects appropriately to handle the export and import functions.
Monday, October 30, 2006
Hello World
Hello world!
I have just started blogging, but there have been many attempts previously. Hope i will hold on to this longer :)