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Last Updated: Thursday, 15 June 2006, 15:49 GMT 16:49 UK
Claymore mines: Ingenious and deadly
Claymore mines - like the one thought to have been used to blow up a bus in Sri Lanka - are deadly explosive devices widely used around the world.
Unlike most mines, claymores are placed on top of the ground rather than underneath, and can be detonated remotely at a moment for maximum impact. They fire steel shrapnel as far as 250 metres in a fan shape in front of where they have been placed.
The claymore technology originates from World War II, when German and Hungarian scientists discovered independently that placing explosives in front of a metal plate meant that the force of the blast could be concentrated in a particular direction.
The technology was not fully developed in time for use in World War II, but in post-war research the US created a device - the M18 - that fired ball-bearings forwards at high speed.
The curved device could be placed above ground and pointed towards enemy positions.
After more refinements, the device was replaced by the M18A1, and was widely used during the Vietnam War, either to ambush enemy troops or to protect dug-in soldiers from enemy attack.
Ambush weapon
The M18A1 consists of a plastic casing 21cm (8in) long, 8cm (3in) high, and 3 cm (1.5in) deep, standing on two adjustable legs.
The plastic casing contains a steel sheet at the back, and at the front 680g of plastic explosives and 700 steel balls. It also has a viewing hole so that troops placing it can get an accurate picture of the area being targeted.
Claymore mine
The mine can send shrapnel 250 metres away
The device fires the balls in a 60-degree horizontal arc, inflicting its most deadly damage within 50 metres but potentially causing injury at 250 metres.
The balls reach a maximum height of two meters from the ground. Troops behind the device are left relatively safe.
The claymores have military advantages over other types of anti-personnel mines, including the key fact that they can be deliberately detonated as troops advance, rather than requiring an accidental triggering by the enemy troops themselves.
The claymores can be set off in a number of ways, including being detonated by a soldier using an electrical wire, or can be set off on a timed delay.
Claymores can also be set off by motion or acoustic sensors. Several can be set off at once.
Though designed for use against troops, the powerful blast can also be dangerous to soft-skinned vehicles such as buses and trucks.
In the Sri Lanka attack, reports suggest the claymore device had been left in a tree for even greater impact, to avoid any force from the blast being absorbed by the ground.
The term claymore has been used as a catch-all term to describe many other devices of a similar design, built in countries such as the Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia, Israel and South Africa.
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Ohmic conduction flux of charged species
 This function computes the fluxes due to ohmic conduction appearing in the Nernst–Planck equation. The species charge concentrations are then updated using the explicit scheme \displaystyle c^{n+1}_i = c^n_i +\Delta t \, \nabla \cdot( K_i c^n_i \nabla \phi^n) where c_i is the volume density of the i-specie, K_i its volume electric conductivity and \phi the electric potential.
 extern scalar phi;
 struct Species {
 scalar * c; // A list of the species concentration and their corresponding
 int * z; // valences
 double dt;
 // optional
 vector * K; // electric mobility (default the valence)
 void ohmic_flux (struct Species sp)
 If the volume conductivity is not provided it is set to the value of the valence.
 if (!sp.K) { // fixme: this does not work yet
 int i = 0;
 for (scalar s in sp.c) {
 const face vector kc[] = {sp.z[i], sp.z[i]}; i++;
 sp.K = vectors_append (sp.K, kc);
 scalar c;
 (const) face vector K;
 for (c, K in sp.c, sp.K) {
 The fluxes of each specie through each face due to ohmic transport are
 face vector f[];
 f.x[] = K.x[]*(c[] + c[-1,0])*(phi[] - phi[-1,0])/(2.*Delta);
 boundary_flux ({f});
 The specie concentration is updated using the net amount of that specie leaving/entering each cell through the face in the interval dt
 c[] += sp.dt*(f.x[1,0] - f.x[])/Delta;
 boundary ({c});


text:
Grasshoppers boost bass in search for love
Changing tune City grasshoppers are changing their tune in an effort to be heard by potential mates over the noise from their urban environment.
To produce their song, male grasshoppers rub a toothed file on his hind legs against a protruding vein on his front wings.
But the increasing level of noise has over time made it difficult for their songs to be heard by other crickets.
Now a team of German biologists have discovered that the clever insect has found a way to get through the din.
They found that grasshoppers change the song so that it boosts lower-frequency notes, making it audible over the rumble from the road.
Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld captured 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers (Chorthippus biguttulus), half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads.
Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in central Europe.
The male's courtship song consists of up to half a dozen phrases, each about two or three seconds long. The phrase starts with a ticking sound, becomes louder and ends in a buzz.
The team made nearly 1000 lab recordings of each grasshopper, placing a female grasshopper nearby to encourage a serenade.
"Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include lowand high-frequency components," says Lampe.
"We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats boost the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum."
The findings add insects to the list of animals, including species of birds, whales and frogs, that have been found to alter their sounds in order to cope with man-made noise.
The paper appears in the journal Functional Ecology.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
the delay time of 1.0 s. This result revealed that the VR transmittance depends on the molecular chain orientation. Results of this investigation show that the molecular chain orientation becomes least at 0.3 s delay time.
Regarding the light scattering intensity in the oriented polymer, Norris and Stein have shown the Rayleigh ratio R([theta]) in the following equations as a function of the angle between the direction of incident light and the direction of the scattered light based on Debye-Bueche theory:
[mathematical expression not reproducible] (3)
k = 2[pi]/[lambda] (4)
s = 2sin([theta]/2) (5)
[gamma](r) = exp(-r/a) (6)
Therein, [bar.[[eta].sup.2]] stands for the mean-square dielectric constant fluctuation, [[lambda].sub.0] and [lambda] respectively represent the wavelengths of light in vacuum and in the medium, and [gamma](r) signifies the correlation function describing the correlation between fluctuations for vacuum elements separated by distance r, as reported by Debye and Bueche. Furthermore, a is the correlation distance [29-31].
When r becomes large by molecular chain orientation, the Rayleigh ratio becomes small because [gamma](r) in Eq. 6 becomes small. Therefore, it is shown that the transmittance increases because of low scattering. This calculation result corresponds to the result found from this study that VR transmittance increases when the molecular chain orientation is large.
Furthermore, because the DSC curve of the molded parts surface was obtained, results for curves of Type I and Type II presented in Fig. 8 depict that the orientation was small. This result demonstrates that the skin layer has a small orientation. Absorption of IR is known to occur because of intermolecular vibration. This frequency v, which depends on the molecular structure, is expressed as the following Eq. 7:
v = 1/2[pi]c [square root of (f/[mu])] (7)
Therein, c and f respectively represent the velocity of light and the force constant. Also, [mu] is the reduced mass of this system, as defined by the following Eq. 8:
[mu] = [m.sub.A] x [m.sub.B]/[m.sub.A] + [m.sub.B] (8)
This intermolecular vibration is inferred from results of Fig. 7 to occur only in a thin skin layer having smaller molecular chain orientation and low crystallinity. Furthermore, v in the skin layer becomes the same value because the only polymer used for this study was HDPE. Therefore, the IR transmittance is expected to depend on the skin layer thickness. Most of the IR in the shear-core layer is thought to be transmitted because this vibration occurs only with difficulty when crystallized by molecular chain orientation.
Distribution of Thickness in the Melt Flow Direction
Figure 10 presents measurement results for the molded part thickness when the delay time was changed at the cavity open distance of 0.5 mm using a mold of different surface roughness. The measurement locations were (P1), (P2), and (P3), as presented in Fig. 1a. The thickness became uniform by setting a longer delay time. Particularly, results showed that mold surface roughness affected the molded parts thickness uniformity because it became a constant value when using a mold with large surface roughness.
To obtain high IR transmittance and low VR transmittance necessary for a high-performance IR lens as a target HDPE, injection press molding was conducted with different cavity open distances and delay times considering the polymer melt flowability. The effects of these conditions on IR and VR transmittance of molded parts were assessed experimentally. The disk-shaped mold cavity has 0.5 mm thickness. Regarding the flowability of the polymer melt, two mold surface roughnesses Ra were used, 0.007 and 0.420 [micro]m, considering the influence of the mold surface roughness. As factors affecting transmittance, we evaluated the surface roughness, thickness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crystallinity, and internal structure of molded parts. Results of this investigation show that the surface roughness and thickness of molded parts did not influence IR or VR transmittance. Furthermore, when the skin layer having a small molecular chain orientation became thin, the IR transmittance rose by setting of a longer delay time. When the molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer was small, the VR transmittance decreased. The molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer changed depending on IPM conditions. Conditions sufficient to obtain the minimum value were found from this investigation. As a result of having evaluated the distribution of the molded parts thickness, it became uniform by setting a longer delay time. Furthermore, because a constant value was obtained when a mold of large surface roughness was used, the mold surface roughness was shown to affect the uniformity of the molded parts thickness.
In two of our earlier reports, injection molding changed the mold temperature and cooling time using a mold having mirror-like surface and surface roughness of three kinds. Furthermore, as described in this report, injection press molding with changed cavity open distance and delay time was done based on two of our earlier investigations. The main results obtained for injection molding and injection press molding obtained using a 0.5 mm thick cavity with disk shapes are described below.
* IR transmittance becomes higher with a thin skin layer having small molecular chain orientation and low crystallinity.
* VR transmittance becomes lower when the molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer is small.
To obtain a skin-core structure as described above:
* For injection molding, the mold temperature and cooling time are set, respectively, as higher and longer. In such cases, it is not necessary to finish a mold in the mirror-like surface because the influence of the surface roughness of molded parts becomes extremely small when the mold temperature is high.
* For injection press molding, the IR transmittance increases when the delay time is particularly long. However, the VR transmittance increases simultaneously. In these investigation results, the most suitable values of cavity open distance and delay time were, respectively, the same values as the cavity thickness and injection time.
[1.] T.A. Osswald, L.S. Turng, and P.J. Gramann, Eds., Injection Molding Handbook, Hanser, Munich, 45 (2002).
[2.] S. Tohyama, JSPE, 56, 1967 (1990).
[3.] F. Erismann, H. Fong, G.L. Graef, and S.H. Risbud, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65. 2727 (1997).
[4.] A.R. Abdul Manaf, and J. Yan, Precis. Eng., 43, 429 (2016).
[5.] T.A. Osswald, L.S. Tumg, and P.J. Gramann, Eds., Injection Molding Handbook, Hanser, Munich 384 (2002).
[6.] J.Y. Ho, J.M. Park, T.G. Kang, and S.J. Park, Polym. Eng. Sci., 52, 901 (2012).
[7.] N.H. Kim and A.I. Isayev, Polym. Eng. Sci., 53, 1786 (2013).
[8.] H.X. Huang, J.D. Tian, and W.S. Guan, Polym. Eng. Sci., 54, 327 (2014).
[9.] M. Tsutsubuchi, T. Kitayama, Y. Togawa, T. Nishio, and H. Kutschera, Int. Polym. Proc., 3, 313 (2000).
[10.] M.R. Kantz, H.D. Newman Jr., and F.H. Stigale, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 1249 (1972).
[11.] V. Tan and M.R. Kamal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 22, 2341 (1978).
[12.] M.R. Kamal, D.M. Kalyon, and J.M. Dealy, Polym. Eng. Sci., 20, 1117 (1980).
[13.] M. Fujiyama and T. Wakino, Int. Polym. Proc., 7, 97 (1992).
[14.] W. Cao, K. Wang, Q. Zhang, R. Du, and Q. Fu, Polymer, 47, 6857 (2006).
[15.] E. Hnatkova, and Z. Dvorak, Mater. Technol., 50, 195 (2016).
[16.] D. Choi, and J.L. White, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42, 1642 (2002).
[17.] H. Bai, Y. Wang, Y. Li, and L. Liu, Polym. Eng. Sci., 48, 1533 (2008).
[18.] X. Yu, H. Wu, J. Li, S. Guo, and J. Qiu, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 703 (2009).
[19.] Z. Lu and K.F. Zhang, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 1661 (2009).
[20.] J. Giboz, A.B. Spoelstra, G. Portale, T

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Edmund H. Durfee, Victor R. Lesser
To control problem solving activity, a planner must resolve uncertainty about which specific long-term goals (solutions) to pursue and about which sequences of actions will best achieve those goals. In this paper, we describe a planner that abstracts the problem solving state to recognize possible competing and compatible solutions and to roughly predict the importance and expense of developing these solutions. With this information, the planner plans sequences of problem solving activities that most efficiently resolve its uncertainty about which of the possible solutions to work toward. The planner only details actions for the near future because the results of these actions will influence how (and whether) a plan should be pursued. As problem solving proceeds, the planner adds new details to the plan incrementally, and monitors and repairs the plan to insure it achieves its goals whenever possible. Through experiments, we illustrate how these new mechanisms significantly improve problem solving decisions and reduce overall computation. We briefly discuss our current research directions, including how these mechanisms can improve a problem solver's real-time response and can enhance cooperation in a distributed problem solving network.


text:
Using jQuery to Implement Animations in ASP.NET [con't]
Implementing Animations Using jQuery
You can use jQuery to animate a
 element easily by using the
.animate() method and passing the necessary parameters to it. In this example, we'll use the
.animate() method in jQuery to demonstrate text animation. To implement a demo application for this example, follow these steps:
- Create a new ASP.NET project in Visual Studio 2008 or Visual Studio 2010.
- Save it with a name.
- Open the
- Drag and drop the jQuery library file onto your WebForm.
This will create the following reference:
- Take two Button controls: one for starting animation and the other for resetting it. Here is what the markup code for the Button controls would look like:
- Create a
and place some text inside it as shown below:
- In the
document.ready()function, write code as shown below to animate the text inside the
you just created:
And, you are done! When you execute the application, you'll see two button controls and the text "Welcome to jQuery!" displayed in the browser. When you click on the Animate button, the text is enlarged and animated. On click of the Reset button, the same text is reset to its original size and style.
The Complete Source Code
Here is the complete source (markup code) of the
In this article, I discussed animations using jQuery. In the future articles, I will take a look at the other powerful features of the jQuery library.
Original: June 30, 2010


text: Castletownbere is the main town on the Beara Peninsula, a working fishing port and focus of commercial activity of this region. It caters well for the traveller in search of sustenance or a place to stay and time spent in this area is rewarded by unforgettable memories. The ancient landscape bears the signs of human settlement from the earliest times and there is something elemental in the interaction of landscape, light, ocean and mountain. Once again the outdoors beckons at every turn, with fishing, hillwalking, cycling and sightseeing being key activities. The old copper mines at Allihies have a fascinating story to tell dating back thousands of years and the museum there is well worth a visit. The first sight of the village itself from a distance is one never forgotten and on a sunny day the nearby beach is a hive of activity for young and old alike.


Geographia Polonica (1995) vol. 64
Degradation of the climate in the industrial areas
Barbara Obrębska-Starklowa
Geographia Polonica (1995) vol. 64, pp. 61-70 | Full text
The changes in the climate of Cracow agglomeration during last forty years are discussed as example of the effects of urbanization in Poland. The alteration of climate was influenced mostly by industry. The human impact is shown by longterm variability of the climatic elements and phenomena. The study also concerns the changes in the industrial production and the effects of the formation of free market and economic recession.
Keywords: Urbanization, human impact, air pollution, local climate change, urban climate
Barbara Obrębska-Starklowa, Department of Climatology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow


text:
Female Famers Learn Improved Raisin Drying Techniques
Women are a crucial but typically unrecognized and underserved force in Afghanistan's economy. While farming is generally a male-dominated area, women are involved in virtually all farming activities through their work in households, stables and gardens. The Roots of Peace CHAMP program in Afghanistan works with female farmers to empower them with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve the quality of their orchards and crops. One such program is that of raising drying. Traditionally in Afghansitan, grapes are dried on bare ground or sometimes on mats under the sun, turning their color brown. Shade drying, a method taught by the Roots of Peace CHAMP program, helps retain the raisins' fresh green color, which are highly sought in the market. As raisin drying is a task often accomplished by women, ROP has made this a special priority in its women's training courses. During September, CHAMP trained 305 female farmers and grape producers in Parwan and Kabul provinces. The training covered basic food safety and drying methods so that farmers can improve the quality of their raisin product and earn a higher price for them.
One such method uses a mixture of potassium, paraffin oil and water to reduce drying time from 4-5 weeks to 8-14 days. As raisins dry, there is a rapid rise in sugar concentration which inhibits the action of enzymes, resulting in the color darkening to brown. Grapes treated with the potassium carbonate mixture maintain a low sugar concentration throughout the drying process, helping the grapes retain their green color. As a result, farmers and their families are able to sell their raisins for a higher price in the international market and continue to improve their incomes and quality of life.


What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lens?
What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lens?
If you are new to Nikon cameras, you must have come across the VR code and asked yourself, "What does VR mean on Nikon lenses?" A quick lookup on the Internet will tell you that it stands for Vibration Reduction. Simply put, it is an anti-camera shake technology that also goes by the name Image Stabilization (IS) in Canon cameras and Optical SteadyShot (OSS) in Sony cameras.
While that seems to tell you what VR is for sufficiently, we'd like to go further and explain just a little bit more of the anti-camera shake feature for Nikon lenses and what it truly means for you and your shots.
What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lenses?
Long before the invention of anti-camera shake features in cameras, blurred shots were a common problem for long lenses, handheld shooting, and dim lighting. While the use of a tripod, faster shutter speed, and higher ISO helped. Still, a good number of the shots were wasted.
In the year 2000, Nikon found a solution to this problem, making way for higher success in those conditions through its version of the camera shake correction mechanism, the Vibration Reduction (VR) technology.
The VR technology is an optical innovation that provides the equivalent of three to four stops compensation, which affords you sharper photos. Through built-in special motion sensors in the lens itself, it corrects lens, camera, and hand vibration when you're shooting at slow shutter speeds.
Because of the extra three to four stops it affords you, the VR technology also lets you play around with the aperture or exposure metering function of your camera. On an overcast day, for example, you can use an f/8 aperture instead of an f/2 for greater depth-of-field. Similarly, you can also use a lower ISO setting for higher image quality.
While VR doesn't solve all blurring problems, it greatly increases the percentage for getting crisp and more explicit pictures. Shooting in very slow shutter speeds, for example, will still result in overlapping images. Working with VR though, in such case, still brings an improvement.
The same is true when taking action shots or when you're working with moving objects since the science behind the tech only reduces your motion, not your subject's. There is something though that you can do as a workaround. If you couple VR technology with faster shutter speeds and higher ISO, you can up your chances of striking gold. Using a continuous shutter mode, too, will fetch you more clear shots to choose from.
How Does VR work?
The anti-shake technology of Nikon is different compared to other brands. Nikon's VR is integrated into the lens itself, whereas other brands have them in the camera body.
So, how does it work? Once the shutter-release button is pressed halfway, the built-in VR sensor and lens group are activated. Two angular velocity sensors send velocity data to the lens microcomputer that computes the compensation needed to correct the detected vertical (pitch) and horizontal (yaw) movements. Then, the data is sent to the voice coil motors (VCM) that move the VR lens unit according to the algorithm. And when the shutter-release button is fully pressed, another algorithm is used to maximize blur correction during exposure.
Nikon has two main reasons for integrating the VR technology into the lens. First is it to provide you a clear and stable image right from the viewfinder. This makes focusing on your subject and exposure metering smooth, comfortable, and precise. Second is that VR units are optimized for each lens. Micro, zoom, and telephoto lens don't get the same treatment but are fitted with VR units specific to its function. With other brands where the VR counterpart is in the camera body, it provides you a one-size-fits-all solution.
Whether it makes a significant difference if the image stabilization technology is in the lens or the body is a subject for another discussion. Still, you have to be wary of the phrase "anti-shake," which is being used loosely by other brands that get away with no real image stabilization mechanism. What they have is just a semblance of it, achieved by boosting the ISO that results in faster shutter speeds.
When Working on a Tripod, Do You Need to Turn Off VR?
If you are using a tripod, then turning on or off the VR will not have any effect on your shots. Remember, a camera shake correction technology like VR serves as a "tripod" or image stabilizer.
There are times though when you can still benefit from the VR mechanism even if you're already using a tripod. Windy conditions are one of them. Unstable footing for your tripod is another. Working with long lenses is another case, where mirror or shutter movement can cause vibration and affect your shot. In fact, Nikon's three super-telephoto lenses offer a tripod vibration reduction mode; whereas, with other Nikon lenses you can choose only between normal and active modes. Check out our article about top 3 best Tripod picks.
How Does VR and VR II Differ?
Obviously, VR II is an upgrade of the original VR technology. Besides that, here are the specific details you need to know:
 - VR II zoom lenses come with a lock switch on the side to prevent "creeping," which was an annoying problem for zoom lenses with the original VR technology. The lock translates to no unintentional lens adjustment when you have the camera slung over your shoulder or when you're shooting upwards.
 - The first VR technology fetches you three stops compensation; whereas, VR II gets you the equivalent of four stops.
 - VR II offers you better image stabilization and image quality than the older version.
 - VR II lenses also have the quieter operation than its predecessor.
So what does VR mean on Nikon lenses? It means convenient and precise focusing and exposure metering. With the need to use a tripod reduced, it also translates to more mobility. And most importantly, it means sharper and better quality images right from the viewfinder to the actual shots with the correction of the lens, camera, and hand movement.
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Steve - January 10, 2019 Reply
Many thanks for this excellent explanation.. Extremely helpful.
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Home Guns & Weaponry How To Teach A Child To Shoot A Gun
How To Teach A Child To Shoot A Gun
There are a lot of people who wonder what the best age is to begin teaching their kids about guns. The answer to that question depends on the parent and the maturity of the child it is not a dream.
Every kid matures at a different rate and their age isn't as important than how responsible they are. There are some adults who aren't responsible enough yet Nobrain mp3.
One of the best ways to begin teaching your kids about guns is by using a bb gun or pellet gun. Don't make the mistake of assuming these types of guns are not dangerous because they are 윈도우 익스플로러 다운로드. People have been killed by them just as they have regular firearms.
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_USER_ {export:69136, abstract = {
The design of existing mobile phone technology has emphasised the primacy of person-to-person communication for voice, SMS and image-based communication. It may be contrasted with place-to-place communication, the key property of fixed line telephony. However, other forms of communication may mix these two approaches: these include place-to-person or person-to-place for example. These patterns may afford different values to users. This reports a field study of a prototype person-to-place SMS communications device, 'TxtBoard'. This is a small, fixed display appliance for home settings. It displays text messages sent to it from any standard mobile phone. The study highlights how the person-to-place character of the device, combined with the 'public' or situated characteristics of its placement within home settings in particular, create new opportunities for use of SMS.
}, author = {Richard Harper}, month = {March}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.}, title = {TxtBoard: From text-to-person to text-to-home'}, url = {_URL_ year = {2005}, }


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Old 27th March 2012
Lives for gear
DSK's Avatar
I stumbled upon this article on their site that for me personally was helpful in clearing some of the misconceptions regarding a tool like this:
Liquid Notes - A New Workflow: Enabling creativity and turning chaos into order
Liquid Notes will help you with your creative workflow in completely new ways, apart from the rather technical workflow of getting the production together you're already used to.
Think of the usual creative workflow: It's not a straightforward process. You only start with a few chunks of musical data first, which can easily be handled in Liquid Notes only. Then, after transferring the files to your DAW, you start using virtual instruments and step by step keep expanding your piece by adding different new elements.
Maybe you'll only need Liquid Notes to help you with a harmonic progression completely out of rhythm in the beginning, which you'll then re-import into the DAW and do all the musical fine tuning there. Switch back to your regular composition workflow and at some time get fresh ideas using Liquid Notes again, expanding its functions over the now broader arrangement.
Liquid Notes is all about expanding creativity and associated processes without limiting them, technically and cognitively. It might be very different from the apps you're used to working with. It's not simplicistic and not broken down to a few basic elements for everyone to easily do some neat tricks which will wear out after a while.
It allows you to access a vast reservoir of knowledge in music theory. Creativity is born from chaos. Gradually chaos turns into order.
Liquid Notes will support exactly that, helping you condense and concentrate your composition from the "white sheet of paper" all the way through to the final result. The more intricate a piece is getting, the more sophisticated changes of the entire arrangement Liquid Notes will allow: only a few abstract (yet sophisticated) ideas in the beginning, a lot of intelligence towards the final production.
You incorporate the program into your regular workflow as often as necessary. Use it only on certain limited segments of a piece or apply it to everything. Ideally it will "dynamize" your composition and production workflow.
It is possible to import a completed piece into Liquid Notes and then reharmonize the entire arrangement, without restrictions in length.
Or you can use it at any stage of a production workflow, bring harmonic variation to monotonous segments, draft interesting chord patterns from only the most basic starting material (like a simple series of C Major chords), create melodies perfectly fitting the respective harmonic context, improvise polyphonic lines in real time, etc.
Liquid Notes to harmony/composing is what mastering tools are to stereo audio files. It simply improves what you are already doing.


text:
Lawyers for Change (LFC) is a learning platform that seeks to build a resource & support base for social justice lawyers to galvanize a movement across India by connecting them. We hope to pioneer as the go-to place for social justice lawyers negotiating the labyrinth called Indian judicial system.
We believe this will fundamentally subvert how we use the law as a tool for empowerment & ensuring access to human rights for all. Join us and contribute to creating a just and vibrant society.
Social justice lawyers fight inequality by using the legal system in a deeply unequal society like India. However, restricted access to knowledge limits them in their fight for the rights of the marginalized.
The present legal vocabulary thrives on inaccessibility but if knowledge really is power, then these barriers must be broken and LFC aims to do exactly that.
We aim to accomplish this by creating a community of social justice lawyers, ensuring they get free access to legal resources, including but not limited to knowledge generated from the lowest rungs of the judiciary which is barely accessible in India.
We also have a Virtual Academy, which will provide persons working at the grassroots with access to research, training materials and a platform to consult each other.
LFC empowers lawyers from marginalized communities and trains them to navigate an imbalanced landscape.
Lawyers for Change enables lawyers from vulnerable communities to address the specific problems faced by the communities to which they belong. LFC stands at the intersection between law and social transformation by focusing on identity building, sensitization and instilling a robust understanding of ground realities.
These transformations are key to making our democracy stronger.


Change Your Story, Change Your Life
by Carl Greer PhD, PsyD
Using Shamanic and Jungian Tools to Achieve Personal Transformation
Foreword by Alberto Villoldo
Available in bookstores now
Shamanic and Jungian practices help you discover and work with archetypal energies effectively so that you may write a more satisfying life story for yourself.
What if you could be the storyteller of your life, not just an actor playing a role written by someone else but the writer, director, actor, and stagehand all rolled into one? Change Your Story, Change Your Life combines the techniques and ideas of Jungian psychology and shamanism in a unique way to create a program for reclaiming power over your life and achieving personal transformation.


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How Bollywood was Established?
How Bollywood was Established?
There is no need for an introduction to Bollywood. The movies that are made in the Bollywood industry were like all over the world. From starting and till now, India is the country of art and artist, but Bollywood, India, differentiates worldwide. Bollywood is made from Mumbai old name Bombay and the Hollywood film industry name.
India has many other film industries like Tollywood, Punjabi, Marathi, Telugu, Gujarati, and many more, but the most popular and most earning and most movie industry of India is Bollywood.
 The starting of Bollywood word is in 1970 when India beat the United States for creating movies. This is just a naming.
Starting of Bollywood:
How Bollywood was Established?
The starting of India cinemas is in 1913 when the first India silent movie Raja Harishchandra release. This is the first movie made in India. After a few years from 1930, India cinema creates 200 films in a year. This is the era of silent cinema. In 1931 India's first voice video movie release and the name of the movie is Alam Ara.
The film is commercially successful. After the success of this movie, there is the starting of musical era movies. Now many movies create in India in different languages. The first color movie of India cinema is made in 1937, and the name of the film is Kisan Kanya.
After that, India faces many problems like world war 2, India Pak partition because of that, our India cinema is not that successful. Due to separation, many great artists are going to another country like Mohammed Rafi, Prithviraj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand.
Golden Era Of Bollywood:
How Bollywood was Established?
After the independence of India in 1960, many Great Bollywood movies are released. This is the golden era of Bollywood.
The first time in 1957, Mehboob Khan made a movie Mother India. The Mother India movie is one of the biggest hits in all over the world.
Mother India movie is nominated for Academy Award for best foreign language.
But unfortunately, due to one less vote, Mother India movies not won Oscar. At the starting of Bollywood, many people do not like to work in Bollywood because they think it is not Indian culture. After the time change, people believe to be also changed, and many people give audition and show their talent to be selected in Bollywood.
In 1970 Bollywood is entirely changed. Now comedy, romance, action, every type of movie are created in Bollywood. 1970 is known as the classical era of Bollywood. From here, Bollywood famous all over the world. In 1983 for Gandhi movie Bhanu Athaiya won Oscar for best costume design.
 Today Bollywood industry is going through good times. The movies that are made in Bollywood are loved all over the world. The success of Bollywood is not because of one person, but it is because of all the hard work of the Bollywood industry in 100 years.
Exciting things may you know:
1. How did PUBG start?
2. How did Netflix start?
3. How did Tik Tok start?
4. How did ISRO start?
5. How did Google start?
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Tuesday, September 29, 2015
Tech Tip Tuesday: Rewordify
This week's tech tip is a tool that can help teachers with differentiation in the classroom. Providing texts that are differentiated for students based on reading level or language proficiency is often one of the most daunting tasks when trying to differentiate a lesson. This is because t is time consumingeither because you are scouring high and low for a text that covers the same content in more simple language (which can also be expensive if you do find it), or because you end up rewriting it yourself (which takes time and thought).
This week's tech tip is to use ReWordify. You simply copy and paste the text of your reading into the box on the website and click "ReWordify Text". The computer program usually rewords the text fairly accurately, simplifying some of the most difficult words to yield a more readable text. Even cooler, you can print out a number of "learning activities" based on the text you entered. My favorite is the vocabulary list with definitions- a list of all the "rewordified" words and their definitions.
Sometimes, in order to get the text perfect for your very lowest students, you may still have to make additional changes yourself, but rewordify can still be a great starting point, making the process much easier.
Why this is great for ELLs:
In order for our ELLs to acquire language and content, they need to be provided with comprehensible input. Rewordify makes it easier for teachers to ensure that students are still getting the same content knowledge while presenting that knowledge in a comprehensible way. It's a win-win for teacher and student, making the differentiated classroom that much easier to manage.
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Uchiki Kuri Squash
This Japanese heirloom's 3-lb. fruits are deep red-orange inside and out. Flesh is creamy and sweet with a hint of chestnut, and the skin is delicate enough to eat too or include in pureed soups, no need to peel. Plants are vigorous, and the squashes store well.
Culture: Direct sow when soil has warmed in late spring, or start 4 weeks earlier indoors and carefully transplant (roots don't like jostling). Full sun, good soil, average water. The plant is a robust vine that wants to spread, so give it plenty of room. As with most vining squash, plants will send out auxiliary roots at leaf nodes along the vine to take up more moisture and nutrients. Harvest when big and blue, or leave until frost ends growth. Cure squash for a few weeks outdoors before cooking or storing.
Saving Seed: If Red Kuri is the only Cucurbita maxima you or your near neighbors grow, you can save seed without resorting to hand pollination. Isolation distance from other C. maximas should be ½ mile with barriers like trees or buildings, and you'll need to save seed from a minimum of 10-20 plants. Wait at least a month after harvest before opening squash for seed. Wash the seed and spread on a screen to dry. It's ready for storage when you can shatter the seed with a hammer blow.


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By analyzing complete multi-movement works, students deepen their understanding of music analysis and consider relationships among diverse musical features. Haydn's Sonata in C Major, Hob. XVI:10, provides an accessible piece for undergraduate students to analyze at several different levels of study. In this article, I outline three pedagogical journeys to guide students through this concise three-movement keyboard sonata. During their respective journeys, Theory II students explore motifs, cadences, and small forms; Theory III students investigate interactions between chromatic harmony and form; and Form and Analysis students map a trajectory through all three movements and compare the sonata-form outer movements. As students' levels of experience increase, the progression between journeys shifts from collaborative projects with extensive peer support to independently completed assignments. Types of assignments similarly progress from an oral presentation to a brief essay to an essay of moderate length. Guidelines and rubrics for the assignments appear throughout the article, and I share analytical observations pertaining to each assignment. I also suggest topics for an additional graduate-level journey that engages with Hepokoski and Darcy's Sonata Theory. Like a destination that remains the same but delights each group of travelers in a different way, Haydn's Hob. XVI:10 provides an intriguing venue for students to explore at multiple stages of their music-theoretical studies.
"Choose Your Own Adventure: Scaffolding Multi-Movement Analysis through Haydn's Sonata in C Major, Hob. XVI:10,"
HAYDN: Vol. 10
, Article 5.
Available at: _URL_


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Outdoor Learning Pack (Grades 3-6)
Receive a 30% discount when purchasing our bundled packs! Or purchase individual products and receive a 25% discount.
This bundled pack of books, experiments, activities and educational toys will inspire your child to explore the world outside and teach students about animals, weather, physics, space, geometry, scientific observation and experimentation. This pack is leveled for 3rd through 6th grade. Our books are intended to educate in a playful way and to instill a natural curiosity to ask questions and learn independently. Hours of activities and experiments are included in this pack that will reinforce important concepts and lessons.
This Outdoor Learning pack includes the following products (click titles to view more details or to buy individual products):
- Backpack Explorer: Bird Watch: What Will You Find? (hardcover book)
- Bubble Science Kit
- Citizen Scientist: Be a Part of Scientific Discovery from Your Own Backyard (paperback book)
- Maker Lab Outdoors: 25 Super Cool Projects (hardcover book)
- Outdoor School Essentials: Animal Tracks (paperback book)
* Due to pandemic delays, please allow 2 weeks for items to ship
* Items may change without notice due to availability and new releases


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What it looks like:
12.5-15.5mm in length. This beetle can be easily identified by its distinctive markings. Its body is brown with pale marks on the elytra, close to the tip of the abdomen. Its head is pale with transverse brown markings. It is ovoid and streamlined, with long, powerful hind legs for swimming. The elytra of males and females are surprisingly different, those of the females appearing scalloped, with long, scooped out impressions.
Where you'll find it: This species ranges from Alaska to southern California and as far east as the Rocky Mountains. In California it is mainly found in cooler, northern areas.
Natural History: These beetles are strong swimmers mainly found sculling in the open waters of beaver ponds. They have also been found in vernal pools in the Santa Barbara area.


Grid Coordinates
Finding your location on a map using grid coordinates
The map has vertical lines (top to bottom) and horizontal lines (left to right). These lines form small squares 1,000 meters on each side called grid squares.
The lines that form grid squares are numbered along the outside edge of the map picture. No two grid squares have the same number.
The precision of a point location is shown by the number of digits in the coordinates: the more digits, the more precise the location.
1996-a 1,000 meter grid square.
192961-to the nearest 100 meters.
_PHONE_-to the nearest 10 meters
Look at Figure 1. Your address is grid square 1181. How do you know this? Start from the left and read right until you come to 11, the first half of your address. Then read up to 81, the other half. Your address is somewhere in grid square 1181.
Always begin your reading from the southwest corner of your square.
Grid square 1181 gives your general neighborhood, but there is a lot of ground inside that grid square. To make your address more accurate, just add another number to the first half and another number to the second half-so your address has six numbers instead of four.
To get those extra numbers, pretend that each grid square has ten lines inside it running north and south, and another 10 running east and west. This makes 100 smaller squares. You can estimate where these imaginary lines are.
Suppose you are halfway between grid line 11 and grid line 12. Then the next number is 5 and the first half of your address is 115. Now suppose you are also 3/10 of the way between grid line 81 and grid line 82. Then the second half of your address is 813. (If you were exactly on line 81, the second part would be 810). Your address is 115813 (B, Figure 5 18).
The most accurate way to determine the coordinates of a point on a map is to use a coordinate scale. You do not have to use imaginary lines; you can find the exact coordinates using a Coordinate Scale and Protractor. This device has two coordinating scales, 1:25,000 meters and 1:50,000 meters. Make sure you use the correct scale.
First, locate the grid square in which the point (for example, Point A, Figure 2) is located (the point should already be plotted on the map).
The number of the vertical grid line on the left (west) side of the grid square is the first and second digits of the coordinates.
The number of the horizontal grid line on the bottom (south) side of the grid square is the fourth and fifth digits of the coordinates.
To determine the third and sixth digits of the coordinates, place the coordinate scale on the bottom horizontal grid line of the grid square containing Point A.
Check to see that the zeros of the coordinate scale are in the lower left hand (southwest) corner of the map grid square.
Slide the scale to the right, keeping the bottom of the scale on the bottom grid line until Point A is under the vertical (right hand) scale (Figures 3 and 4).
On the bottom scale, the 100 meter mark nearest the vertical grid line provides the third digit, 5. On the vertical scale, the 100 meter mark nearest Point A provides the sixth digit, 3. Therefore, the six-digit grid coordinate is 115813


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Persimmon is a delicious and nutritious fruit that is enjoyed by many. Its vibrant orange color and sweet flavor make it a popular choice, especially during the autumn months. However, some people have noticed that eating persimmon can leave their mouths feeling dry and parched. In this article, we will explore the reasons why persimmons have the potential to dry out your mouth and discuss ways to mitigate this uncomfortable sensation.
The Nature of Persimmons
Before delving into the reasons why persimmons may cause dryness in your mouth, let's understand the nature of this fruit. Persimmons belong to the genus Diospyros and are native to various regions around the world. They are classified into two main types: astringent and non-astringent.
One of the most common varieties of astringent persimmons is the Hachiya persimmon. These fruits are typically consumed when fully ripe and have a soft, jelly-like texture. Astringent persimmons contain high levels of tannins, which contribute to their characteristic mouth-puckering sensation.
Non-astringent persimmons, such as the Fuyu variety, are firm and can be eaten when they are still slightly crisp. Unlike astringent persimmons, they have a milder flavor and lower tannin content, resulting in a less astringent experience.
Tannins and Mouth Dryness
Tannins, the compounds responsible for the astringency in persimmons, are found in various plant-based foods, including grapes, tea, and certain fruits like persimmons. These compounds bind to proteins in the saliva, leading to a sensation of dryness in the mouth.
When you consume a persimmon, the tannins interact with the proteins in your saliva, causing them to coagulate. This coagulation can create a dry, sticky feeling in your mouth, similar to the sensation you may experience when consuming an unripe banana or an overly ripe banana.
Ripe Persimmons vs. Unripe Persimmons
The level of mouth dryness you experience when eating persimmons can vary depending on the ripeness of the fruit. Unripe persimmons contain higher levels of tannins, intensifying the astringency and the subsequent dryness in your mouth.
On the other hand, ripe persimmons, particularly non-astringent varieties like Fuyu, have lower tannin levels. This results in a milder astringent effect and a reduced likelihood of experiencing excessive mouth dryness.
Managing Mouth Dryness from Persimmons
If you enjoy persimmons but find that they tend to dry out your mouth, there are a few strategies you can try to mitigate this effect:
Choosing Ripe Persimmons
One way to minimize the dry mouth sensation is to select ripe persimmons. Ripe persimmons have a softer texture and a milder flavor. Fuyu persimmons can be enjoyed while they are still firm, but for Hachiya persimmons, it is crucial to wait until they are fully ripe and have a jelly-like consistency. Ripe persimmons have lower tannin levels, which reduces the drying effect.
Another technique to reduce the drying effect is to eat persimmons in smaller bites. Taking small, deliberate bites allows your saliva to mix and interact with the tannins more effectively, minimizing the drying sensation. Additionally, chewing the persimmon thoroughly before swallowing can aid in breaking down the tannins, reducing their impact on your mouth.
Dry Mouth Oral Spray
In addition to the mentioned techniques, another effective way to combat the dry mouth sensation caused by persimmons is to use a dry mouth spray. Dry mouth sprays are specifically designed to provide instant relief from dryness by moisturizing the mouth and stimulating saliva production.
Dry mouth sprays contain ingredients like xylitol, glycerin, and natural lubricants that help to lubricate the oral cavity, relieving the uncomfortable dry sensation. These sprays can be conveniently carried with you and used whenever needed, making them a practical solution for combating dry mouth caused by persimmons.
Pairing with Hydrating Foods
If you find persimmons particularly drying, consider pairing them with hydrating foods. Fresh fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as watermelon, cucumbers, or oranges, can help counterbalance the drying effect of persimmons. The additional moisture will keep your mouth hydrated and alleviate the dry sensation.
Hydrate Before and After
To prevent excessive dryness, it is advisable to drink water before and after consuming persimmons. Staying hydrated will not only help alleviate dry mouth but also promote overall oral health. Drinking water before eating persimmons can create a thin protective layer in your mouth, reducing direct contact between the tannins and your mucous membranes.
While persimmons are a delightful and nutritious fruit, their high tannin content can leave some individuals with a dry and parched sensation in the mouth. Understanding the binding effect of tannins and employing techniques to mitigate the drying effect can help make persimmons a more enjoyable experience.
Moreover, choose ripe persimmons, eat them in smaller bites, pair them with hydrating foods, use dry mouth oral spray, and stay hydrated before and after consumption. By doing so, you can continue to relish the unique flavor and benefits of persimmons without the discomfort of a dry mouth.
So go ahead, enjoy the goodness of persimmons, and keep your mouth hydrated along the way!
Lubricity is a Proud Supporter of the
What do customers say about Lubricity Dry Mouth Spray?


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Word may refer to any of the following:
1. In general, a word is a single element of speech that is typically separated by spaces and helps form a sentence. For example, this sentence contains seven words. The English language contains several hundred thousand different words and Computer Hope lists over 14,000 computer related words in its computer dictionary.
2. In computing, a word is a single unit of measurement that is assumed to be a 16-bits in length value. However, it can be any set value, common values included: 16, 18, 24, 32, 36, 40, 48, and 64.
3. Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the office productivity applications included in Microsoft Office. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, it was first released in 1983.
What is Word used for?
Microsoft Word allows you to create professional-quality documents, reports, letters, and résumés. Unlike a plain text editor, Microsoft Word has features including spell check, grammar check, text and font formatting, HTML support, image support, advanced page layout, and more.
What does the Word editor look like?
Below is an overview of a Microsoft Word 2010 document.
Where do you find or start Microsoft Word?
If you have Microsoft Word or the entire Microsoft Office package installed on Microsoft Windows, you can find Microsoft Word in your Start Menu.
Keep in mind that new computers do not include Microsoft Word. It must be purchased and installed before it can be run on your computer. If you do not want (or cannot afford) to purchase Microsoft Word, you can use a limited version for free at _URL_.
Note: there are also free word processing programs you can try that are very similar to Microsoft Word.
If Microsoft Word is installed on your computer, but you can't find it in your Start Menu, use the following steps to manually launch Microsoft Word:
- Open My Computer.
- Click on or select the C: drive. If Microsoft Office is installed on a drive other than the C: drive, select that drive instead.
- Navigate to the Program Files (x86) folder, then the Microsoft Office folder.
- In the Microsoft Office folder, if there is a root, open that folder. Then open the OfficeXX folder, where XX is the version of Office (e.g. Office16 for Microsoft Office 2016). If there is no root folder, look for and open a folder having "Office" in the name.
- Look for a file named WINWORD.EXE and click or double-click that file to start the Microsoft Word program.
What type of files can Microsoft Word create and use?
Early versions of Microsoft Word primarily created and used the.doc file extension, while newer versions of Word create and use the.docx file extension.
More recent versions of Microsoft Word can create and open the following types of files:
-.doc,.docm,.docx
-.dot,.dotm,.dotx
-.htm,.html
-.mht,.mhtml
Example of a Microsoft Word.doc file
You can download an example of a Microsoft Word.doc document by clicking the Microsoft Word.doc file link.


Roland_TR-808 : définition de Roland_TR-808 et synonymes de Roland_TR-808 (anglais)
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définition - Roland_TR-808
voir la définition de Wikipedia
Roland TR-808
 The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, produced 1980–1984
The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable drum machines ("TR" serving as an initialism for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in early 1980, it was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos. Like earlier Roland drum machines, it does not sound very much like a real drum kit. Indeed, because the TR-808 came out a few months after the Linn LM-1 (the first drum machine to use digital samples), professionals generally considered its sound inferior to sampling drum machines; a 1982 Keyboard Magazine review of the LinnDrum indirectly referred to the TR-808 as sounding like marching anteaters. However, the TR-808 cost US$1,195 upon its release, which was considerably more affordable than the US$5,000 LM-1.
Drum machines in general became an integral part of hip hop music as a cheap and simple way of producing a drum sound. The Roland TR-808 held specific appeal because of the ability of its bass drum sound to produce extremely low-frequency sounds.[1] It also featured various unique artificial percussion sounds that characterized the TR-808:[2] a deep bass kick drum,[3][4] "tinny handclap sounds,"[4] "the ticky snare, the tishy hi-hats (open and closed) and the spacey cowbell."[2] The Roland TR-808 would eventually be used on more hit records than any other drum machine,[5] and has thus attained an iconic status within the music industry.[2] The machine's successor was the Roland TR-909.
Roland credits the design of the TR-808 to two of its employees: Mr. Nakamura, who was responsible for the analog voice circuits, and Mr. Matsuoka, who developed the software.[2] The Roland TR-808 was produced between 1980 and 1983 by the Roland Corporation, with approximately 12,000 units manufactured in that time.[6] Immediately after its appearance it was rendered essentially obsolete by the superior sound and ability to sample of the Linn LM-1. However, the much cheaper price of the TR-808 ($1,195 versus $5,000 for the Linn LM-1) and a distinctive sound (in particular its deep bass kick) made the drum machine popular among hip hop artists several years after it ceased production.[3] By the end of the 1980s, the TR-808 was popular within electronic music and hip hop genres. As with many analogue electronic musical instruments, a great deal of effort was put into sampling the sounds of the TR-808 for use in modern devices; however, due to the nature of analog circuitry, the result is often considered unsatisfactory and can sound unduly static and digital. Demand for the real 808 sound is so great that street prices for a used machine have remained close to what the cost of a new TR-808 was upon its initial release in 1980 when adjusted for inflation. The 808 also had a significant impact on dance music due to its ability to program rhythm and drum sounds separately and store up to 32 patterns, which enabled it to become a serious compositional tool.[7] The kick drum of the 808 is little more than a bridged T-network sine oscillator, a low filter and a VCA. The output works continuously and that makes it possible to produce an overdub of the same signal even after 32 steps in a medium tempo. The kick is a triggered CV pulse that is added into the audio signal. The typical flattening of the decay directly after the attack is because of the audio design of the oscillator and appears like a compression.[8]
 Popular media
The first band to use the TR-808 was the Japanese electronic music group Yellow Magic Orchestra, as soon as it was released in 1980.[2][3] One of the earliest uses of the TR-808 for a live performance was by Yellow Magic Orchestra in December 1980 for the song "1000 Knives," an electro rendition of member Ryuichi Sakamoto's "Thousand Knives" (1978). The hand-clap sound was later publicized by YMO's innovative album BGM, which was released March 1981 in Japan; used again on "1000 Knives" and in "Music Plans," another of Sakamoto's songs. The TR-808 would later be further popularized in 1982, with the release of the mainstream American hits "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa.[2] Other early users of the TR-808 include Australian producer Mark Moffatt, with his studio project the Monitors (1981), and Indian musician Charanjit Singh, who used it alongside a Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer to produce music resembling acid house in 1982.[9] A TR-808 was also David Byrne's sole accompaniment (apart from his acoustic guitar) at the beginning of Stop Making Sense (1984), prior to the gradual appearance of the rest of Talking Heads, although Byrne created the illusion that the sound came from, he said, "A tape I want to play," on a boombox he brought onstage.
As more realistic and tubular drum computers appeared, the TR-808 was discontinued and it became easy to buy a used machine for a low price. Its availability led to a second life as a cheap source of rhythm for hiphop artists in the mid 1980s. The Beastie Boys breakout album Licensed to Ill consists mostly of hip hop rhymes backed by the characteristic TR-808 beats and samples from popular rock songs; its success led to a new surge in popularity.
The sounds of the TR-808 were and still are very often used in drum and bass, hip hop, R&B, house, electro, and many forms of electronic dance music, albeit often unrecognizable after extensive processing. The use of the 808 drum by Double Duce on the 1985 track "School Breakdown" and 2 Live Crew on its third album, As Nasty As They Wanna Be, established a foundation for sounds of Miami bass and southern rap.[10] According to Derrick May, the TR-808 was also the preferred drum machine during the early years of techno.[11]
On 8 August 2008 (08.08.08), a party was held in London, England, UK, to celebrate the TR-808. It featured 808 State, Arthur Baker, DMX Krew, and I-f—artists associated with the machine. The party was organized by the electro label Citinite.
The Namco Museum soundtracks use the TR-808 extensively as the main rhythm generator. Other percussion and effects were added to the soundtrack via software sequencer.
Metalcore and Deathcore bands often make use of a sub-drop to emphasize the first chord of a breakdown, this is commonly produced by using a sample of an 808 kick that has been equalized to accent the bass and sub-bass frequencies.
On "MDNA", Madonna's 2012 release, she name checks the drums in her song "Girl Gone Wild."
 2. ^ a b c d e f Jason Anderson (November 28, 2008). "Slaves to the rhythm: Kanye West is the latest to pay tribute to a classic drum machine". CBC News. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-29.
 3. ^ a b c Mickey Hess (2007), Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 75, ISBN 0-313-33903-1, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-29
 4. ^ a b "Happy 808 Day". Wired. August 8, 2008. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-31.
 5. ^ Peter Wells (2004), A Beginner's Guide to Digital Video, AVA Books, p. 18, ISBN 2-88479-037-3, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-20
 6. ^ Mark Butler (2006). Unlocking the groove: rhythm, meter, and musical design in electronic dance music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 64. ISBN 0-253-34662-2.
 7. ^ Moore, Allan (2003). Analyzing popular music. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 94. ISBN 0-521-77120-X.
 8. ^ [1] SYNTH SECRETS Practical Bass Drum Synthesis, retrieved 2012-02-15
 10. ^ Hess, 2007, p. xxvi.
 11. ^ System 7 interview with Mark Roland in: Muzik,


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Advantages of 3D Powder Printing
- Objects with negative space and undercuts can be printed out.
- Due to the pressure of the surrounding powder in the print bed, no printed support structures are necessary.
- Voids created by shelling parts must have access to the outside so the unused powder can be retrieved.
- The resulting material is very brittle with no tensile strength.
This must be considered during the modeling process.
- The printing
quality depends on the 3D powder print machine's layer thickness, which is set at 0.004 inch intervals.
- Deformation of the form is possible, depending on the geometry of the
part and its orientation.
- 3D printed objects can be finished by sanding, using filler, applying primer, epoxying, and painting.
- Only the surfaces that form a closed object can be 3D
printed. The closed surface model has to be converted into a solid
object, which is described by the.STL file. Once you have a.STL file
please prepare.ZBD file and submit for the 3D printing.
- Create surfaces with no gaps (trim etc.).
- Unifty Normals of the surface of each object. Normals should be pointing away from the object.
- Wall thickness (dependent on the geometry): For very
thin walled parts normal engineering practices of adding ribs for
support or creating fillets or reinforcing edges and minimizing spans
should be used. Wall thickness should not be less than 1/8 inch.
- Reduce cost: Parts should be shelled and have the voids connected to the outside so that we may reclaim and recycle the powder.
- Fitting parts: Very thin or spindly parts should be
constructed from a different material as they are vulnerable to break.
When parts are designed to connect to a 3D printed model, this 3D
printed model should incorporate a mating socket or groove. Users must
offset mating walls negative 0.010 inch per occurrence (the part
expands by this amount during the printing process).
- Scale: Be aware of the scale and units of the CAD model.
- The RPC only accepts the file format *.ZBD for 3D Powder Printing.
- You first need to have an *.STL file for preparing a *.ZBD. *ZBD files are created by importing *.STL files into the ZPrint software, available on all DAAP CGC machines.
- The *.STL or stereolithography format is an ASCII or binary file used
mostly in manufacturing. It is a list of the triangular surfaces that
describe a computer generated solid model. This is the standard input
for most rapid prototyping machines.
- You can use any program that
exports *.STL files. Proven programs that export *.STL files successfully are:
- Alias Studio Tools
Differences Between Z510 and Z310 3D Powder Printers
Build Size/Maximum Printing Area
Z510 - x10 x y14 x z8 inch / 254 x 356 x 203 mm
- Z310 - x8 x y10 x z8 inch / 203 x 254 x 203 mm
- Z510 - prints in full 24-bit color
- Z310 - prints in monochrome
- Because the Z510 uses a finer powder, it has a better resolution when compared to the Z310.
- Parts coming out of Z510 have a greater initial strength.
- If given
sufficient time to cure parts printed in Z310 will achieve the same
strength. Still, it is advisable to
print fragile and thin parts in the 510 to avoid breakage.
- Z510 - $3.50 per cubic inch
- Z310 - $3.00 per cubic inch
How 3D Powder Printing Works
- First, the 3D Printer spreads a thin layer of powder.
- Second, an
ink-jet printhead sprays binder throughout the cross-section of the part
- The build piston then drops down, making room for the
next layer, and the process is repeated.
- After the print, loose powder is dusted and cleaned from the finished part.
Why *.ZBD's instead of *.STL's
- If the file is submitted as a *.ZBD then there should be no confusion in terms of the scale of the parts.
- Otherwise, there is a possibility that the part could be printed
in different units then those that the student intends.
Slicing the Part
- The ZPrint software allows the user to slice their part layer by layer, helping to ensure that there are no unexpected errors.
- The ZPrint software displays non-agreeing (inverted) normals as grayed-out surfaces.
- These can be manually flipped and corrected within the software.
- Inverted normals will not print.
- ZPrint allows the user to orient the part in the most efficient (minimum z direction) and least destructive (minimum chance of deformation along part's long axis) way.
- Within Zprint the user is able to calculate the price of the part.
- The cost can then be reduced by remodeling the part in order to consume less material/machine time (by shelling, scaling down,
- Reducing the cost also reduces your wait time for the part.
Receiving *.ZBD's from students saves
time and man power, which benefits the students by allowing the RPC to get more projects done in a shorter amount of time.


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Media Contact: Ron Walli
Communications and Media Relations
ORNL project seeks to pinpoint time since death
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., June 7, 2000 Determining when a crime victim died can make the difference between a criminal going free or being brought to justice, and researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are developing a system that could help justice prevail.
Arpad Vass of the Department of Energy's ORNL and colleagues at the University of Tennessee (UT) are examining time-dependent chemical and biological markers in hopes of gaining a better understanding of the cadaver decay process.
"Our ultimate goal would be to develop a tricorder-like device that we could wave over a body to tell us how long the person has been dead," Vass said. "Short of that, we're developing a model that would allow forensic scientists to insert data into a chart or computer program to determine how long a person has been dead."
If law enforcement agents find a body within 12 to 24 hours, forensics experts have techniques to determine time since death - plus or minus four hours. But it becomes more complicated if a body is found several days later. And in warm climates or during the summer, a body can be reduced to bones in just 30 days, Vass said.
To develop one of their models, Vass is focusing on tissue analysis and hoping to determine which organ provides the best indication of how long a person has been dead. Lungs are the first to decay. As a body decomposes, proteins break down into amino acids and progressively smaller molecules. By studying whether there is a constant rate at which the large molecules of the body break down, Vass believes he can develop a computer program that correlates the percentage of larger molecules to small ones with a number of days.
As part of the project, Vass and UT graduate students Jennifer Love and Jennifer Synstelien take daily tissue samples from cadavers at the Anthropological Research Facility in Knoxville. The internationally known facility contains anywhere from 10 to 24 bodies at any one time that have been donated to the program in the hopes of helping science and law enforcement.
"Each year, there are about 90,000 homicides in this country," Vass said, "and for every one, you need to know when the person died. Our research can help answer the where and when, and that should help law enforcement officials solve crimes."
Vass' research is also aimed at telling whether the body has been moved from where death occurred.
"We can tell if a body has been moved by looking at volatile fatty acids in the soil or whatever is under the body," said Vass, of ORNL's Life Sciences Division. "If these fluids - or even traces - aren't present, the body didn't decay there."
While Vass is concentrating on tissue analysis, Love, a graduate assistant in UT's Department of Anthropology, is focusing on aroma scan technology. Her goal is to use an electronic nose with 32 sensors and identify a unique signature that would look for changes over time. It is something that could be used by police officers in the field to help locate bodies.
"Although our ultimate goal would be to develop an odor-sensitive instrument that would tell us time since death, initially we're studying changes in odor pattern and intensity," Love said. "By systematically studying these changes as a body decomposes and correlating the changes to temperature and humidity, we hope to gain a better understanding of this process as it relates to locating a corpse."
Vass is convinced the research will result in the development of a scientific protocol for determining time since death that will eliminate the uncertainty involved with using methods that rely on observation and opinion.
The research is funded by DOE. ORNL is a multiprogram research facility operated by UT-Battelle.


As a follow-up to my question Regular expressions without alternation, I was wondering what was known about the power of regular expressions in which union is not allowed but backreferences are.
I'm familiar with a number of papers discussing regular expressions with the addition of backreferences, but none that I've seen address the union-free version. This class would be incomparable with the class of regular languages, but are they as hard to recognize as full regular expressions with backreferences? (I've seen several terms used for this; none seem to be standard.) In the case without backreferences, removing union seems to reduce expressibility without making membership tests much/any faster.
As before union means the same as alternation, logical OR, | (in standard regexes), / (ABNF), ∪, etc.
 - $\begingroup$ Do you still allow complementation? For example, could one use $\emptyset^{C}$ to express $\Sigma^*$? $\endgroup$ – Dominik D. Freydenberger Sep 13 '11 at 9:49
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: I'd take either answer. $\endgroup$ – Charles Sep 13 '11 at 13:01
If you are allowed to use complementation to express $\Sigma^*$ as $\emptyset^{C}$, the resulting language class includes the pattern languages (see, e.g., this survey by Kai Salomaa).
As shown by Angluin, the membership problem for pattern languages is NP-complete. (This holds even if you consider pattern languages that are generated by patterns that do not contain terminal symbols.)
So, membership for this class is as hard as for the full class of regular expressions with backreferences.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Great answer! In addition, I think you do not need the complementation to express $\Sigma^*$ if you use instead a union-free expression such as $(a^*b^*)^*$ (binary alphabet), $(a^*b^*c^*)^*$ (ternary alphabet), and so on. $\endgroup$ – Hermann Gruber Dec 14 '14 at 22:53
Your Answer


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This is one of three books featuring chemistry and ecology from a creation point of view.
The Teacher Supplement includes introductory information on how to teach science integrating the seven C's: creation, corruption, catastrophe, confusion, Christ, cross, and consummation. Each lesson includes a supply list, learning objectives, extension activities, and answer keys.
Topics covered include: what is an ecosystem, niches, food chains, oxygen and water cycles, various biomes around the world, extreme ecosystems, animal behavior, and conservation. Students learn how God originally created our world and it was very good, and why things are different now. Emphasis is given to being a wise steward of God's creation.
Properties of Ecosystems Teacher Supplement - God's Design for Chemistry & Ecolo
Publisher: Answers in Genesis
Page Count: 48
Author: Debbie & Richard Lawrence
Age: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13, 14
Grade: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Topic: Science, Creationism


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Emergency Medical Services
Graduates of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Program will be able to:
- Evaluate for and address potential hazards to the patient(s), civilians, and emergency management team during an emergency.
- Access and utilize knowledge necessary to conduct a patient evaluation and administer emergency treatment short of those rendered by advanced life support personnel.
- Effectively operate and care for equipment used in emergency patient care.
- Operate as an emergency service provider using sound judgment; applying rationality, self-awareness, critical thinking and discipline in responding to emergency situations.
- Communicate essential continuing patient care information to advanced life support personnel.
*EMS program outcomes are approved by the EMS Advisory Committee, March 1, 2017.
Critical, Creative, and Reflective Thinking (CCRT)
Graduates will evaluate, analyze, and synthesize information and ideas in order to construct informed, meaningful, and justifiable conclusions.
Effective Communication (EC)
Graduates will be able to exchange messages in a variety of contexts using multiple methods.
Information Competency (IC)
Graduates will be able to seek, find, evaluate and use information and employ information technology to engage in lifelong learning.
Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of diverse ideas, cultures, and experiences, and develop the ability to examine their own attitudes and assumptions in order to understand and work with others who differ from themselves.
Graduates will be able to critically examine the relationship between self, community, and/or environments, and to evaluate and articulate potential impacts and consequences of choices, actions, and contributions for the creation of sustainable systems.


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We investigated detailed conditions for synthesizing the tubular form of MCM-41 mesoporous aluminosilicate. The method is the delayed neutralization method in which the rate of neutralization is one of the controlling factors. Rapid neutralization results in the particulate form while gradual neutralization leads to tubules. It is found that the tubule morphology has several sub-categories. There are thick-walled, think-walled hollow tubular MCM-41 and solid core tubules. There are void structures in the channel framework that makes the nanochannels to be effectively interconnected.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- 化學 (全部)


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TRTHH_LN: Total time spent during activity providing secondary childcare for household children < 13 (in minutes)
Total time spent during activity providing secondary childcare for household children < 13 (in minutes) [Edited Universe: All activities for respondents with at least one household child < 13]
Notes: TRTHH_LN is the maximum for the activity of the following variables: TRTOHH_LN and TRTNOHH_LN
Based upon 261,307 valid cases out of 261,307 total cases.
- mean: 5.76
- minimum: -1
- maximum: 1195
- standard deviation: 25.91
Location: 55-62 (width: 8; decimal: 0)
Variable Type: numeric
Source: This variable was taken from: American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2009.
Copyright: ICPSR has an FAQ on copyright and survey instruments.


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Creating a Platformer With BYOND
BYOND gives you a default movement system. If you open Dream Maker, create a new project, make icons, declare turfs, build a map, and run the game you can walk around. You don't have to program how the movement works, the behavior is built in. My Sidescroller library does the same thing except it provides you with a movement system for sidescrolling action/platform games.
This article explains how the library works and how you can use it to create a game. If you're familiar with Dream Maker and can make a simple game then you can use this library to make a platformer.
Using the Library
The library is very easy to set up. Here are step-by-step instructions for setting up the library. If you're familiar with the Dream Maker program you can have a working sidescroller in just a few minutes. This tutorial assumes you've completed those steps to set up the library and create a basic game. If you want to follow along with this tutorial and try code snippets out you should complete those steps now.
We'll now look at how you can utilize more features of the library and add some new features of your own.
In the world you've created all objects are 32x32 boxes. In a real game your mob's icon will probably be a picture of a person. The mob's icon is 32x32 but the mob only occupies part of that box. To handle this we can modify the mob's pwidth and pheight vars.
Open up mob.dmi and change the icon state. Instead of being a 32x32 blue box make it a 24x24 blue box, like this:
Then add this to the code:
Now run the game. The mob now occupies a smaller space than before.
The library has support for ladders. A ladder is a non-dense tile that a mob can climb. To create a ladder you need to draw an icon state for it, then add this code:
The is_ladder variable tells the library that the turf can be climbed. Place some ladders on the map and run the game:
Use the up and down arrow keys to climb ladders.
With BYOND's default movement system it's often sufficient for a mob to have a single, 4-directional icon state. When the player moves the direction is updated so the proper image is shown. In an action/platform game you can perform different kinds of actions, like running or jumping, so you need different icon states. The library handles this for you.
You set the mob's icon var and the library will automatically update the mob's icon_state based on what the mob is doing. If you're standing still your icon_state will be set to "standing". If you're moving (on the ground) it'll be set to "moving". If you're hanging on a ladder it'll be set to "climbing". And if you're in the air (but not on a ladder) it'll be set to "jumping".
Let's create these icon states (or you can download this icon, you might need to right click the link and pick "Save As..."):
Note: These states are all 4-directional. The library automatically sets your direction to EAST or WEST so you need to make sure those states have images. For reference, here's what the standing state looks like:
You don't need to add any code. When you run the demo your mob will use these new icon states.
Bounding Boxes and Centered Icons
A mob's bounding box is the space that the mob occupies. The size of the box is determined by the pwidth and pheight variables. The position of the box is assumed to be in the lower-left corner of the mob's icon. However, this isn't always the case. Consider this poorly drawn person:
The mob is roughly 16 pixels wide. If we set the mob's pwidth var to 16, here's what happens:
The mob appears to be partially inside the wall. This is because the mob's bounding box is assumed to be in the lower left corner of the icon but we drew the mob in the center of the icon. To compensate for this we need to shift the mob's icon to the left 8 pixels when the game is running so that the part of the icon that represents the mob is inside the bounding box. We can do this with the mob's pixel_x var:
Now here's what you'll see when you run the game:
The icon is shifted to the left so the mob cannot appear to be inside walls anymore.
The library keeps track of the mob's motion as a velocity. A velocity is like a speed but it also has a direction assigned to it. Saying that the mob is moving four pixels per second is a speed, but saying that it's moving upwards at four pixels per second is a velocity. The library uses the vel_x and vel_y vars to keep track of the mob's velocity in the x (horizontal) and y (vertical) directions.
This sounds complicated but it actually makes things easy. When you jump, all that happens is your upwards velocity (vel_y) is increased. To handle jumping the library calls the mob's jump proc, here's the default behavior:
This means that when you jump your mob will move upwards at a rate of 10 pixels per second. Due to gravity it'll slow down and begin to fall. If we wanted to make the mob jump higher we can override the jump proc to create a different behavior. We can add this to our code:
An upwards velocity of 12 is enough to jump two tiles high. Don't get too carried away - the height of the jump increases a lot with each increase to the velocity. Setting vel_y = 14 is enough to jump three tiles high and 16 is enough to jump four tiles high.
You can also create ramps. Open turfs.dmi and make an icon that looks like this:
Call it "ramp". Then add this code:
The pleft and pright vars are used to define ramps. The pleft var tells the library the height of the turf at its left side. The pright var tells the library the height of the turf at its right side. We drew the ramp as being low on the left side and high on the right side so we set its pleft and pright to match. The height at its right side is 32 because the tiles are 32 pixels tall.
Place the ramp on the map and run the game.


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You expect a lot of motion to result in an object actually moving, but Cubli is a little different. All the spinning and whirring going on inside this little cube keeps it from moving. The spinning reaction wheels inside Cubli keep it stable as it balances on a corner. It can even correct for a little nudge and walk across a surface with a "controlled fall."
The Cubli was designed at ETH Zurich — it's 15cm on a side and is dominated by three spinning reaction wheels (one along each axis). Each wheel has its own motor and motor controller, which rev up based on data acquired by an array of inertial sensors. These sensors monitor the tilt and angular velocity of the Cubli at multiple points. That data is fed into an on-board processor, which then calculates exactly how fast each reaction wheel needs to spin to get Cubli upright.
Watching the contraption raise itself up is fascinating. From a position sitting flat on one of the faces, the Cubli first kicks itself up onto an edge. Next, it jumps up onto a corner by spinning up the reaction wheel perpendicular to the resting edge. If researchers want to make the Cubli "walk," it basically does the same thing in reverse — reaction wheels cut out at the right time and allow the Cubli to fall in the desired direction.
This method of using reaction torque for stability is similar to the process used to keep satellites stable in orbit, the algorithms at work in the Cubli are completely different. There is interest in using robots based on this type of design for planetary exploration, but for the time being, Cubli is just a neat concept.


Book Review: The Baroness
By Graham Reid
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The Baroness by Hannah Rothschild
Virago $39.99
Book cover of The Baroness. Photo / Supplied
Book cover of The Baroness. Photo / Supplied
Some patrons of the arts are rewarded with physical legacies: the family name on the wing of a major gallery, a sculpture park, their portraits in public collections. Others make do with ephemeral acknowledgement, like Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter, whose name is written invisibly in the air by a couple of dozen jazz compositions written for her.
The Baroness - aka Nica - was more than a peripheral jazz patron of the 50s passing out cash. She took jazz musicians into her home and supported them, often at great personal cost.
When drug-damaged genius Charlie Parker died in her lounge in 1955 while laughing at a clown on television (he looked aged in his 50s, in reality was just 34), her name was dragged into the public domain.
A wealthy Jewish heiress hanging around with black jazz musicians was rare, and viewed with some suspicion by jazz musicians themselves.
But her loyalty was fierce and unwavering, no more so than to the pianist/composer Thelonious Monk, who she loved platonically and supported through ill-health, drug abuse, erratic behaviour and hospitalisations.
She took the rap for marijuana found in her car (facing three years' jail then deportation) and, for the final decade of his life, Monk - by then damaged, reclusive, often mute and no longer playing - lived in her New Jersey home surrounded by her cats (Monk's son Toot counted 306) while his wife and children would occasionally visit.
Nica paid for his funeral, slipped money to many other musicians and - until her end at 74 in 1988 - was a flamboyant, if faded, nocturnal habitue of jazz clubs.
Throughout her remarkable life the baroness was an exceptional character. She constructed few myths about herself - not that she needed any, she was born a Rothschild so money was never an issue. One of these was that her name, "Pannonica" given by her amateur entomologist father, was a species of exotic butterfly. It was, in fact, a species of common moth. And as an English-born woman attracted to the flame of the dark jazz scene of New York in the 50s, she was a moth bound to get burned.
Yet she seems never to have cared. Jazz and its artists were her calling.
In this candid exploration of her notorious great-aunt's life, Hannah Rothschild doesn't paint her subject as a saintly patron, however, more a mystery to unravel which some in her family prefer to ignore.
For the general reader, that eccentric Rothschild family only three generations on from the Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt is perhaps of as much interest. Nica - who inconveniently died just as the author had got to know her - doesn't fully appear here until halfway through as the writer takes us back to a time when children were rarely seen or heard other than by nurses, tutors or butlers on the great estates with their private museums and zoos.
The Rothschilds could underwrite governments and wars (or withhold the cash if it wasn't in their business interests) and Europe was their playground and corporate territory.
The family's founding-father, Mayer Amschel, enshrined the dynastic injunction that no daughters (nor sons-in-law, nor their heirs) could have any share in running the family firm. So women had their wings clipped as children and were destined for cosseted lives of lunching, planning lavish dinners and travel while the men took charge - or, in the case of the eccentrics, pursued their interests.
Nica was, however, very different. She climbed trees during a childhood of "physical luxury combined with personal neglect" by her parents, attended a Parisian finishing school ("a lesbian seminary"), rode Lipizzaner horses in Austria and had family friend Winston Churchill at her coming-out ball.
She learned to fly and in New York married the dashing Baron Jules de Koenigswarter, whom she'd met while holidaying in France (and had scooted off around Europe with in his private plane, servants and minders in pursuit).
Children followed but Nica barely broke stride. When war came she courageously stayed in her French chateau until three days before the Germans arrived, because Jules was stationed in Africa, then she left her children in New York and enlisted in the Free French Army. She travelled to West and North Africa and was variously a decoder and a driver (rumour has it she also flew Lancaster bombers). After the war she spent time in Norway where her husband was the French ambassador and, always in the background, was the seduction of jazz.
Her globe-trotting inevitably led her to New York where, after again leaving her husband and children, she lived in luxurious hotels, drove her Rolls Royce to jazz clubs, befriended musicians, drank but barely ate (she couldn't cook, had never learned) and became a target for columnists such as Walter Winchell for her associations with black musicians, many of whom were drug addicts and her lovers.
She didn't care about the gossip or the abuse she endured (vehement anti-Semitism and for her unashamed relationships). She cared only about musicians and their music: passionately and with her hand in her purse, or in their hand, when necessary. She was a freedom fighter still.
Hers was a life played out against a backdrop of elegantly managed if obscene wealth, suicide, eccentricity, heroism and personal tragedy. And with a great soundtrack.
After this freewheeling biography, never again will you hear Monk's ballad, Round Midnight - the reverie which flicked a switch in Nica's soul - without thinking of the jazz baroness. Nor of Monk in that final decade, withdrawn from the world and surrounded by hundreds of her free-range felines. Monk hated cats.
Graham Reid is an Auckland writer.
- NZ Herald
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Economy: capitalism and price mechanism essay
In economics, the market mechanism is a mechanism by which the use of money exchanged by these policies will influence demand by price adjustments through taxes and charges and through adjustments to the essays in positive economics (1953) capitalism and freedom (1962) a monetary history of the united. How price mechanism solves the central economic problems in a capitalist economy (3 ways) article shared by when the demand of particular goods increases, its price will increase other thing related essays: 5 major limitations of. Economy and the future of capitalism in highlighting the importance of trust, this essay adds which relies on the price mechanism, and the hierarchy. Once you get the cost/price integration mechanism in place, then the market should green capitalism's bottom line is that it promises a growing economy that.
A critique of rubin's essays on marx's theory of value not a picture of the historical transition from simple commodity to capitalist economy only then the law of production price will be that mechanism, through which the. A capitalist economy has no central planning authority to decide as to what, how and for demand and supply or the price mechanism to solve its central problems let us write you a custom essay sample on how the central problems are. The price mechanism describes the means by which millions of decisions taken by consumers and businesses interact to determine the allocation of scarce. From volume 8 of essays on liberty, published in 1961 by the foundation for economic it makes every capitalist direct his own small share of the economy the free price mechanism, by preventing waste and by giving swift directions to.
The theories of socialism and capitalism have been competing for more than a century of supply, demand and price is sometimes called the market mechanism john stuart mill's essay on liberty set out to establish that the only valid. Capitalism, communism, economy system, free market, enterprise, government's price mechanism works as follows, prices respond to shortages and. In economics, a price mechanism is the manner in which the prices of goods or services affect the supply and demand of goods and services, principally by the.
Capitalism which dominate the global economy: enterprise, social and collective is a self-regulating mechanism [smith's 'invisible hand']' (heywood: 2002: 180) development, maximum social welfare, innovation and equitable prices. Read this essay on price mechanism islamic perspective it sharply from capitalism or any system, which celebrates individual freedom islamic economics. The capitalists, the enterprisers, and the farmers are instrumental in the conduct of economic affairs they are at the helm and steer the ship but they are not free.
This chapter aims to introduce the political economy of capitalism in order under capitalism, the price mechanism is used as a signaling system which. Free market capitalism is the only economic mechanism compatible with matic fall in the price (in real terms) of items such as televisions, radios this essay was first published by the warwick university conservative association, in 1984. While globalization improved the efficiency of the capitalist economy and brought which places its faith in the "invisible hand" of the price mechanism, is collected in essays on the great depression (princeton: princeton. Blue print of the natural mechanisms of a free economy unfolded in his inquiry into the nature this essay assumes and tries to make the case that capitalism is based upon recognition of the price mechanism as a regulatory force and key.
Capitalism and freedom is the product of a lecture series given by milton cannot because its price has become prohibitive, my personal freedom is curtailed to explore alternative effective mechanisms for the separation of economic and. Marx and his disciples disparagingly called it "the capitalist mode of took on the critics in his essay "economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth for example, by allowing the price mechanism to function in the. Free essay: in a perfect economy the price mechanism can give a perfect allocation of resources: what is demanded is produced, changes in demand lead to.
Marx's capital, like classical political economy from adam smith to john stuart an immense social mechanism for the centralization of capitals (marx, 1894, ch in chapter 15 of his book ("price determination in the capitalist monopoly capital: an essay on the american economic and social order. This episode of the economic lowdown podcast series explains these concepts and doesn't self-interest lead to price gouging, corruption and cheating. Although economic inequality is endemic to capitalism, data what are the mechanisms within capitalism that exacerbate inequalities of income or wealth hugely in their capacities to influence prices and other outcomes. See aglietta, a theory of capitalist regulation, pp corresponded a shift from a market economy, where the price mechanism guided small individual units,.
Capitalism is an economic system characterised by: lack of goods and services distributed according to price mechanism (as opposed to. Definition: price mechanism refers to the system where the forces of demand and supply determine the prices of commodities and the changes therein it is the. Determining and changes in the price through price mechanism can allocate resources resources move towards where they are in the. Political economy, concisely comprises fifty-eight essays that appeared in electronic in vain do many defenders of the capitalist order argue that its prodigious ordinary market mechanisms produce and distribute the national income, but their tariffs (prices) are a prime subject of democratic politics raising them is.Download economy: capitalism and price mechanism essay


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Xtranormal Movie Maker is a free online animation creating tool that allows the user to create a fully animated CG movie using the tools and options that it provides. Xtranormal Moviemaker service works in combination with Google. The user has to create a Google account for himself and log into that account to start using the service.
How to Use Xtranormal Movie Maker:
Once logged in, the user can create personalized animations with this free online animation creator using the actors and movie sets that are available. A simple step by step process of creating a sample CG animation video is,
- Select the set that is to be used as the backdrop for the video.
- Choose the characters that are going to share the screen space.
- Add sounds and effects using the inbuilt options in the editor and
- Finally, add the text which you want the animated character to say. This can be specified for each character in the video individually.
You can also try GoAnimate if you find Xtranormal Movie Maker too difficult to use
Creating a video is as simple as that. The user need not download any setup or install anything to use the free online animated CG movie creator. Other remarkable features of this online editor include,
The user can customize the video using the following options:
- Define motions for each of the characters in the video and make them move. The user can select from a list of predefined body motions that are available on the editor options.
- Make the character point at something using the inbuilt 'Point to' feature in the editor.
- Make the characters emote. Make them look sad, Happy or whatever the user wants. A combination of emotions can also be expressed.
- The actors can also be made to look in a particular direction.
- Adding effects such as sounds, pauses etc is also possible.
Once the video has been created, the user can:
- Listen to the changes made to the video.
- Preview the video along with the dialogues, effects and emotions using the Flipbook.
- Export the video to YouTube.
Using Xtranormal Movie Maker, creating an animation video is as simple as that.
Try Xtranormal Movie Maker and start creating videos online.