text:
Does a Nonprofit Need a CRM?
Does a Nonprofit Need a CRM? A Customer Relation Management (CRM) System is typically associated with for-profit enterprises. In this sense, a CRM is defined as, "technology systems companies use to manage their external interactions with customers at all points during the customer lifecycle, from discovery to education, purchase, and post-purchase."
With some word substitutions, a CRM can be adapted for use by a Nonprofit.
Customer becomes Stakeholder
Nonprofits have multiple Stakeholders:
All these Stakeholders can be captured in the CRM. (Since the term "CRM" is in common usage, it is still CRM even for Nonprofits.) The original definition specifies external customers but a Nonprofit CRM can also include internal people like Employees, Board of Directors and Volunteers.
The different Stakeholders can be tagged differently to differentiate them from one another. However, sometimes an individual Stakeholder can have more than one role. For example, a Donor can also be a Volunteer. Knowing that this dual role exists for some Stakeholders allows the Nonprofit to tailor its interactions to the maximum effect.
Customer Lifecycle becomes Stakeholder Lifecycle
The Customer Lifecycle concept can easily be adapted to Nonprofit Stakeholders, especially Donors. The original definition notes the lifecycle phases of discovery, education, purchase, and post-purchase. For a Donor, substitute "donation" for "purchase."
Discovery – The Nonprofit identifies potential Donors. All these names are logged in the CRM and each "touch" or interaction is tracked as well. This way, retrospective analysis can help determine which interactions were most effective.
Education – Efforts are made to educate the potential Donors about the Nonprofit's mission and why donations are worthwhile. Again, each "education" interaction is logged.
Donation – Once a donation is made, the CRM becomes the data source for thank you communications. The donation itself is tracked in the system so at any time the Nonprofit's decision-makers can know who donated how much over time.
Post-Donation – Tracking interactions with Donors can help the Nonprofit communicate effectively so Donors feel more satisfied and are motivated to give on an ongoing basis.
Does a Nonprofit Need a CRM? By having a system to keep tabs on all types of Stakeholders, a Nonprofit can better manage its relationships with these constituents and better meet its organizational goals.


text: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard specifies that a radio's PHY layer must provide an 8-bit integer value as an estimate of the received signal power. This value is commonly known as the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) in the wireless sensor networks (WSN) community. While many protocols directly use the measurements that the radios provide, the standard only requires that the reported RSSI values should be linear and within ±6 dB of the actual RSSI values. However, ±6 dB is a wide error margin. For example, Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) can decrease from 100% to 0% with a 2 or 3 dB difference in the received signal strength. We examined two 802.15.4 compliant radios, the widely used TI CC2420 and Atmel AT86RF230, and discovered that they indeed introduce systematic errors when providing the RSSI readings. Therefore, we also developed a calibration scheme to effectively minimize the adverse effects associated with inaccurate RSSI values.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A remote-controlled plane powered from the ground by a laser beam has been tested by the US space agency (Nasa).
In what is thought to be an aviation first, the development could lead to the creation of aircraft that do not need to carry onboard fuel.
Laser-powered planes could be used for surveillance
The flight of the small, model plane was conducted in a hanger at Nasa's Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama.
"It really is a groundbreaking development for aviation," said Robert Burdine, laser project manager for the test.
The 300-gram (11-ounce) plane, with a 1.5-metre (five foot) wingspan, was launched from a platform.
The laser tracked the aircraft in flight, directing its energy beam at specially designed photovoltaic cells carried on the fuselage to power the plane's propeller.
"The craft could keep flying as long as the energy source, in this case the laser beam, is uninterrupted," said Mr Burdine.
"This is the first time that we know of that a plane has been powered only by the energy of laser light."
As the plane does not need to take on fuel or batteries, it would have more room for scientific instruments or communications equipment.
Scientists think it could eventually be used for surveillance and to provide communication links.
"A telecommunications company could put transponders on an airplane and fly it over a city," said David Bushman, project manager for beamed power at Dryden Flight Research Center in California.
"The aircraft could be used for everything from relaying cell phone calls to cable television or Internet connections."
Nasa reportedly sees great potential in using laser power for developing new planes.
"We think this is a step in the right direction," said Mr Bushman.


text: What is it that makes the French diet so healthy? What is it that makes the diet of some Northern European countries so unhealthy? Nutritionists and epidemiologists have examined the diet of Northern Ireland and SW France against the background of large scientific population comparisons of disease and death in the two areas, especially cardiovascular. Does the protection come from copper in red wine and from beta-carotene in vegetables? Chemistry, physiology, dietary studies and epidemiology are behind this attempt to find a true basis for healthier eating.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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You are here: Home > Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Energy and Environment Facts
Natural resources, energy and environment
Sri Lanka's most important natural resource is precious stones, of which diamonds are most important for exports. Almost half of the energy and electricity consumption is covered by imported oil. The environmental problems are primarily about deforestation and soil degradation.
Sri Lanka Energy and Environment Facts
Sri Lanka is one of the world's leading producers of gemstones such as rubies, sapphires and topazes. The largest buyers are in the US, Japan, Europe and Thailand. It is believed that a large number of gemstones are also smuggled out of the country.
 - COUNTRYAAH: Major exports by Sri Lanka with a full list of the top products exported by the country. Includes trade value in U.S. dollars and the percentage for each product category.
In addition, graphite and the titanium mineral ilmenite are extracted for commercial purposes. The country also has limestone, quartz, mica, clay, salt, titanium, monasite, zircon, uranium and iron.
In addition to imported oil, energy is mainly extracted from domestic firewood and residual products from agriculture, and to a small extent from hydropower. Electricity is generated mainly from imported oil, but also from coal, hydropower and wind power. In 2011, the country's first and only coal-fired power plant was commissioned. Sri Lanka has no nuclear power plants.
 - Abbreviationfinder: A popular acronym site in the world covering abbreviation for each country. For example, SL stands for Sri Lanka.
Almost all (95 percent) of the Lankes have access to electricity.
Sri Lanka has problems with both illegal logging and land destruction, which in turn can trigger landslides. Some watercourses and beaches are polluted by emissions from industries and uncleaned wastewater. In urban and industrial areas, air pollution occurs.
Energy use per person
516 kilos of oil equivalent (2014)
Electricity consumption per person
531 kilowatt hours, kWh (2014)
Carbon dioxide emissions in total
18 394 thousand tonnes (2014)
Carbon dioxide emissions per inhabitant
0.9 tonnes (2014)
The share of energy from renewable sources
52.9 percent (2015)
Temporary budget is adopted
December 21
In order to avoid Sri Lanka being left without a state budget after the turn of the year, Parliament approves a transitional budget for the first four months of 2019, so that the country can, for example, pay off debt. An ordinary state budget for the entire 2019 is expected to be completed in February.
New Old Government
December 20
President Sirisena appoints a new government with 30 members. Prime Minister is Ranil Wickremesinghe. Sirisena retains the post of Minister of Defense and control of the police force. Wickremesinghe's former Minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs are returning their positions.
Wickremesinghe again prime minister
December 16th
As a result of the ruling in the Supreme Court on December 13, Mahinda Rajapaksa surrenders her claim to the Prime Minister's post, and Ranil Wickremesinghe is re-installed as the head of government.
HD: "Sirisena violated the Constitution"
13th of December
The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Sirisena's decision on November 9 to dissolve Parliament and announce fresh elections was contrary to the Constitution. According to the constitution, the president can announce new elections only after Parliament has spent 4.5 years of the five-year term, which expires in August 2020. The UNP welcomes the decision as a victory for democracy.
The state budget for 2019 is missing
December 12
The Minister of Finance warns that the entire state apparatus will cease on January 1, 2019, as there is no state budget after the turn of the year. On the same day, Parliament voted, for the second time, for Wickremesinghe to be re-elected as Prime Minister. In the vote, only members of his UNP with allied parties are present. The supporters of Rajapaksa boycott the vote.
Court rejects Rajapaksa
December 3
A higher court ruled that Rajapaksa is not empowered to act as prime minister as long as his disputed government cannot prove its legitimacy.
The cash flow to the government is stifled
November 30
Parliament is voting to hold all money transfers to the Government Offices and Ministries to have control over the country's crisis economy itself. Exceptions are made for salary payments, pensions and basic community service. A day earlier, the largest Tamil party announced the Tamil National Alliance that it supported Wickremesinghe's demand to regain the post of prime minister.
Both heads of government are rejected
November 23
Parliament President Jayasuriya announces that he will reject both Rajapaksa and Wickremesinghe as head of government and appoint a committee to decide on the legislative agenda. The members present are voting to give Wickremesinghe the chairmanship of the committee. All supporters of Sirisena and Rajapaksa boycott the vote.
New distrust of Rajapaksa
November 16
Parliament for the second time makes a declaration of disbelief against Rajapaksa as new prime minister.
Fight in Parliament
November 15
Fighting breaks out during a session in Parliament. Members from different political camps throw things at each other and hand out fist beats. A person is taken to hospital with minor injuries. The President adjusts the session temporarily until the emotions have cooled down among the members.
Rajapaksa is voted off
November 14
Parliament gathers and declares a distrust of Rajapaksa as prime minister. Thus falls his government. That does not mean that Wickremesinghe will automatically become head of government because President Sirisena is the one who appoints it. Sirisena rejects Parliament's vote of no confidence and says that the vote was not properly conducted.
HD reinstates Parliament
November 13
The Supreme Court enters into the power struggle between on the one hand Parliament and Wickremesinghe, on the other hand President Sirisena and Rajapaksa when it annuls the presidential decree dissolving Parliament. Thus, the Legislative Assembly can hold a vote on the Prime Minister.
Sirisena announces new elections
November 9
President Sirisena dissolves Parliament and announces new elections until January 5, 2019. In this way, he avoids a vote in Parliament on the Prime Minister's post, and Rajapaksa can lead a transitional government until January 17, when a new parliament will meet. The decision was made after Sirisena admitted that Rajapaksa would not succeed in gathering enough support in a vote, and that Wickremesinghe would receive the most votes. Wickremesinghe's party UNP says that Sirisena violates the constitution when he dissolves Parliament and adds that the party will request that the decision be tried legally. Before Sirisena disbanded Parliament, he took control of the police by organizing it under the Ministry of Defense and over the State Information Agency publishing presidential decrees and proclamations and more.
Increased support for Wickremesinghe
October 31st
Tens of thousands of supporters of Wickremesinghe and the UNP manifest their support through a peaceful demonstration in Colombo. At the same time, the outside world is increasing pressure on President Sirisena to reinstate Parliament. The country's Chancellor Jayantha Jayasuriya refuses the Sirisenas dismissal of Wickremesinghe on the grounds that the president lacks the power to do so.
Appointed minister is arrested for shooting dead
October 31st
The recently deposed oil minister Ranatunga is arrested after union representatives accused him of ordering his bodyguards to shoot at a crowd outside the state oil company on October 28. One man was killed. The minister says the crowd attacked him and his staff and tried to take him hostage. Trade unions in the oil industry go on strike.
Incomplete government is presented
October 29th
President Sirisena presents an incomplete government with only twelve ministers. Rajapaksa is appointed Prime Minister as well as Finance Minister. This government promises quick cuts in taxes and lower fuel prices with more goods. Both camps are trying to co-negotiate with MPs to secure a victory in a vote on the Prime Minister's post when Parliament opens again on November 16.
Wickremesinghe receives Parliament's support
October 28
Parliament President Karu Jayasuriya announces that the Legislative Assembly continues to regard Wickremesinghe as the rightful prime minister, on the grounds that the president has no power to dismiss the head of government. Wickremesinghe is barricaded in its service room and more than 1,000 followers have gathered outside the building. One person is killed and two injured when the newly deposed oil minister's bodyguards shoot at a crowd trying to prevent the minister from entering the state oil company building. The United States calls on Sirisena to reinstate Parliament. Privately owned newspapers describe Sirisena's actions as a "constitutional coup". Rajapaksa says his ambition is to hold local and general elections "as soon as possible".
Parliament is dissolved
October 27th
President Sirisena will dissolve Parliament until November 16. This has happened since Wickremesinghe tried to get the UNP-dominated Assembly's support to stay


text:
Print this article | Return to Article | Return to CFO.com
The relatively simple task of rearranging column entries so an employee's last name comes first, and first name follows, is accomplished with a string of formulas.
Bill Jelen, CFO.com | US
December 1, 2010
Editor's Note: To read more about spreadsheets, share a tip with other readers, or suggest a topic for Bill Jelen to cover in an upcoming column, click here to visit CFO.com's Spreadsheet Tips page.
Cindi M wins an autographed copy of Guerilla Data Analysis Using Microsoft Excel for her question: "If you have a list of employee names in one column showing last name, first name (Smith, John), how do you convert the list to show first name last name (John Smith)?"
There are two different approaches to this problem, either a formulaic solution or using Text to Columns followed by concatenation. In this week's article, you will see the formula solution.
Solving the Problem One Step at a Time
Say that the names start in A2 and run down column A. Although you can solve the problem with a single formula as shown in Figure 5 (below), it will be less intimidating to break this problem down into smaller problems.
Where Is the Comma?
In Figure 1 (left), the formula in cell B2 uses the FIND command to locate the first comma within cell A2. =FIND(",",A2) returns the value 6 because the comma is the sixth character in SMITH, JOHN.
The positional values in column B will be used by the LEFT and MID functions to retrieve the first and last names.
Getting the Last Name
The last name in each cell in column A starts in the first character and runs up to just before the comma. If you know that the comma is in the sixth position, then you want to get the leftmost five characters. The LEFT function will return the leftmost N characters from a cell.
The formula in C2 is =LEFT(A2,B2-1). This formula returns all of the characters up to but not including the comma. (Figure 2, below)
Many Choices for the First Name
The MID function is my choice for retrieving the first name. The function lets you specify a starting position and a number of characters. For example, =MID("ABCDEFG",4,2) would start at the fourth character and return two characters which would be the letters "DE".
To get JOHN from SMITH, JOHN, you would want to use something like =MID(A2,8,4). It is easy enough to calculate the 8 as the starting position by using B2+2.
Some people will calculate the number of characters by using the LEN function to find the total number of characters. However, if you want to grab all of the characters to the end of the cell, you can instead ask for a larger number of characters than would ever be expected.
My formula in D2 is =MID(A2,B2+2,50). (Figure 3, below). This will return the 4 letters of JOHN. I often have people ask if Excel will add an additional 46 spaces after the name to make the whole 50 characters. Since Excel does not pad the answer to force it to be 50 characters wide, this approach is simpler than the alternative formulas:
Joining the Text Back Together
The fancy word for joining cells is "Concatenation". Some people might use the =CONCATENATE() function to join the text. I find it easier to use the & sign which acts like the plus sign, but for adding text. So the formula, written =D2&C2 would join the values together like JOHNSMITH. Since you will want a space between the names, use =D2&" "&C2 to join together the first name, a space, and the last name.
If you want to convert the name from capital letters to proper case, use =PROPER(D2&" "&C2), as shown in Figure 4, below.
Using a Single Formula to Solve the Problem
If you are new to FIND, LEFT, MID, and PROPER, then it helps to build the formula one step at a time. If you get to the point where you understand all of those functions, you can build a single formula in B2 to solve the problem. The formula, which would be written out in one long string — as illustrated in Figure 5 — would look like this:
Don't Forget to Convert the Formulas to Values
Before you delete the names in column A, you need to convert column B from formulas to values. This is almost as simple as a Copy and Paste, with one twist. The steps are different in various versions of Excel, and I'll point out the differences below.
Converting Formulas to Values Excel 2010
Select column B. Use the Copy command on the Home tab. Open the Paste dropdown and choose the large letter A to paste values (Figure 6, below).
Converting Formulas to Values Excel 2007
Select column B. Use the Copy command on the Home tab. Open the Paste dropdown and choose Paste Values.
Converting Formulas to Values Excel 2003 and Earlier
Select column B. Use the Copy command on the Edit Menu. From the Edit menu, choose Paste Special. In the Paste Special dialog, choose Values and click OK. (Figure 7, below).
Bill Jelen is the author of 32 books about Excel including Excel Gurus Gone Wild. You can win a copy of one of his books if your question is selected for a column. Post your question to the community content block at the right.


1. Decide
The lesson plans in Decide expand on students' existing knowledge of current community issues. In groups, they choose one that they care about and want to change. Before deciding, they are supported to understand the complex notions of issues, communities, power and influence, rights, government, responsibility and point of view.
Students must select their own issue, rather than teacher providing suggestions or steering student projects. If you are delivering course content in upper primary or lower secondary we suggest, as a starting point, focusing on school-based issues; in middle secondary school on Queensland state-based issues; and in senior classes on either national or global issues. Students contacting their local representative (either MP or local councillor) works really well.
A 'red' button signifies that this lesson is essential for active citizenship learning.
 1. download thumbnail
 Lesson 1: People and Democracy
 This lesson explores students' understanding of values and rights, and how they influence, contribute to, and participate in community based issues.
 Lesson 1 activity sheets 65.50 KB
 2. download thumbnail
 Lesson 2: What's the problem?
 Identifying and selecting an issue or challenge is the main objective of this lesson. The emphasis is on students expressing how they feel about a range of issues or challenges in our community.
 Lesson 2 activity sheets 65.50 KB
 3. download thumbnail
 Lesson 3: Who is responsible?
 Who is responsible for what? Is it the government or the citizen? Students will explore the responsibilities of each when it comes to a range of community issues or challenges. Prior to or at the end of this lesson students should complete the Who Decides? activity.
 Lesson 3 activity sheets 84.00 KB
 4. download thumbnail
 Lesson 4: Getting your way
 Who is a decision maker and how can you influence them? What are other key questions that need to be considered?
 Lesson 4 activity sheets 828.50 KB


text:
is increasing research evidence that organizational performance is
affected by governance practices and key factors in the organizational
context, culture and dynamics. Boards in the private, public and voluntary
sectors are devoting increased attention to ensuring that their approach
to governance adds value to the organization and improves its overall
whether this is in search of private profits or
Synergy Associates uses the following definition of governance as a starting point for its work with boards:
"Governance is the:
- dynamic interaction between persons, structures, processes and traditions
- that support the exercise of legitimate authority in
- providing sound leadership, direction, oversight and control of an organization
- to ensure that its purpose is achieved and that
- there is proper accounting for the
- (ethical) conduct of its affairs
- (efficient) use of its resources and
- results of its activities."
Synergy Associates offers Boards of Directors of Non-Profit organizations, Crown Agencies and private businesses the opportunity of a facilitated 'introspective review' of their governance structures and practices. Reviews of the performance of boards, committees, board and committee chairs, directors and CEOs in the nonprofit, public and private sectors, are customized to their current mandates.
The reviews consist of three basic components that may be used individually or in combination:
- Online administration of one of the following:
- Governance Self-Assessment Checklist
- Board Effectiveness Quick Check
- Board and Organizational Culture Assessment
- 'Key Documents Review'
- 'Key Informant Interviews'
The online surveys may be supplemented with additional items related to past performance on critical aspects of the board's mandate (e.g. strategic planning or risk management) or other major initiatives for which the board has responsibility within the context of its governance mandate
A. ONLINE SURVEYS
- 'Governance Self-Assessment Checklist'
The 'GSAC' or 'Checklist' was developed to assist Boards and Chief Executive Officers/Directors General in examining key aspects of governance within their own organizations. These include such dimensions as Board Structure, Board Responsibilities, Board Development and Management, Decision-making Processes and Organizational Culture. A 'Checklist' review would require board members and senior staff to complete the Checklist (approximately 35 minutes).
- The Board Effectiveness Quick Check is a 16-item instrument that measures board effectiveness. It has been validated by published research (Non-Profit Management and Leadership journal, Spring 2005) to correlate very strongly with the larger 146-item 'Governance Self-Evaluation Checklist', with independent judgments of board effectiveness and with overall organizational performance. It tests the following items using a six-point rating scale:
- Board orientation
- Board direction for planning/priorities
- CEO evaluation
- Financial stability
- Clarity of board/CEO roles
- Efficient resource utilization
- Board credibility
- Board commitment to mission and values
- Board compliance with policies/roles
- Level of conflict
- Board/CEO relationships
- Crisis/risk management capability
- Meeting management
- Decision-making processes
- Balance between stability and innovation
- Accountability practices
- Board and Organizational Culture Assessment
This 32-item checklist evaluates board and organizational culture on seven dimensions using a six-point rating scale:
- Role Clarity and Compliance
- Motivation and Commitment to Quality
- Communications and Decision-Making
- Learning Environment
- Trust and Teamwork
- Personal Satisfaction
- Director's Duties
Individual items in this instrument have been validated by published research to correlate with high-performance organizations based on research by the Gallup organization, the Hauser Institute at Harvard University and research on the Governance Self-Assessment Checklist. However, the instrument as a whole has not been research-validated.
B. Key Documents Review
consists of a review of 'Key Documents' such as Bylaws, Governance
Policies, Strategic or Business plans, and financial and operational
audits. We recommend that this be combined with either or both a 'Checklist'
review and/or 'Interviews' since organizations seldom work in practice
exactly as they appear on paper.
with a representative sample of board members, senior staff, workforce
representatives and other key stakeholders or shareholders. Informants
will be identified in consultation with the Board or Governance Committee Chair and Chief Executive Officer/Executive Director.
A more comprehensive governance audit provides an additional review of governance processes assessed against governance best practices. This includes a review of documented governance policies, informal practices, minutes of recent board meetings, strategic plans, board work plans, annual reports, financial statements and website content.
A 'Full Governance Review' will examine the importance of factors such as the relationship between the process for selecting your Board and its responsibility to account to its stakeholders. It will consider such factors as Governance Structure; Board Responsibilities; Financial Circumstances; Governance and Management Practices; Organizational Size and Developmental Stage; Clarity of Roles and Objectives; Adequacy of Information, Performance Monitoring and Accountability Systems; Transparency and Effectiveness of Decision-Making Processes; Leadership Capacity; Organizational Effectiveness; and, Adaptability and Flexibility.
The principles used for reference are those commonly accepted by organizations such as the OECD, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Agency, the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and the Canadian Comprehensive Audit Foundation. These are:
- Ethical Conduct
- Responsible Stewardship
- Participation or Engagement of Stake/Shareholders
AND FOLLOW-UP CONSULTATIONS
are then analyzed and consolidated into an interpretative report with
recommendations. This highlights areas that respondents and our own
analysis have identified as particular strengths
that require attention. A more comprehensive review process will,
of course, result in a more comprehensive report. A draft of the report
is offered to the Board Chair and CEO/DG prior to final editing to
ensure that it is validated by their own perceptions. Follow-up consultation
is available to assist in interpretation and implementation strategy.
board members and senior management reflect upon their knowledge
of important aspects of their organization's structures and practices
as well as their own 'value added' contributions.
is a non-threatening, 'asset-based' self-reflective process that
will generate creative and constructive approaches to your enterprise.
will aid your board in identifying strengths and weaknesses in important
dimensions of governance and organizational stewardship and in establishing
priorities for aspects that may require attention.
will gain confidence in those things that work well in your organization
and know which may need a bit of your attention now and in the longer
process will stimulate and focus thoughtful discussion amongst board
members and their CEO/DG.
is very much a self-evaluation process in which your organization
will be given an opportunity to see its own reflection in a 'Governance
will be negotiated with each organization on an individual basis and
will be sensitive to the resources of the organization as well as
to its size, complexity and a number of other factors.
Governance Review' is normally advised. However, partial reviews using
only one or two of the techniques may satisfy your immediate needs.
The cost will depend on the volume of material that must be reviewed,
the number of interviewees, travel time and other expenses.


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When soritng an array made of a mix of strings, null values and zeros, i get the result not properly as exptected, null values seem to get sorted as if they were 'null' strings. I did this (tested on FireFox):
var arr1 = arr2 = [null, "b", "c", "d", null, "e", 0, "g", null, 0, "h", "i", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "ne", "nur", "nimbus"];
document.write("SORTED ARRAY:");
arr1.forEach(function(val){document.write(val + "; ")});
And the result is:
SORTED ARRAY: 0; 0; b; c; d; e; g; h; i; l; m; n; ne; nimbus; null; null; null; nur; o; p;
Do you have an idea of how to make the null value be considered like empty string during the sorting of the array, so that they appear 1st in the sorted arry along with the zeros.
share|improve this question
Do you need numbers sorted as well before strings? Lexicographic order is not the same as numeric. Consider ordering { 100, 15 } and { "100", "15" } as an example. – Andras Vass Feb 24 '10 at 20:09
_USER_: No, just zeros. – Marco Demaio Feb 25 '10 at 15:54
8 Answers 8
up vote 8 down vote accepted
This will do what you want by converting everything to strings (in particular converting null to an empty string) and allowing JavaScript's built-in string comparison do the work:
arr2.sort( function(a, b)
 We avoid reuse of arguments variables in a sort
 comparison function because of a bug in IE <= 8.
 See _URL_
 var va = (a === null)? "" : "" + a,
 vb = (b === null)? "" : "" + b;
 return va > vb? 1 : ( va === vb? 0 : -1 );
} );
share|improve this answer
+1 For Ternary Terseness – Alexandre Jasmin Feb 24 '10 at 19:43
This will fail to sort properly if he has numbers. You need some more ternaries. – Andras Vass Feb 24 '10 at 19:56
_USER_ If by properly you mean that 20 comes before 5 the default sort has the same issue – Alexandre Jasmin Feb 24 '10 at 20:06
_USER_, _USER_: The original question does say the array has zeros, strings and nulls so I'm not sure correctly handling numbers is required, but I take your point. – Tim Down Feb 24 '10 at 20:10
_USER_: Two problems with that: first, zeroes and null will both be converted to an empty string, meaning the sort will not distinguish between nulls and zeroes (unless that isn't a problem for you). Second, non-zero numbers will not be converted to strings, and the comparison of a number with a string that cannot be converted into a number (such as "d") always returns false, so will not order as you expect. – Tim Down Feb 25 '10 at 16:10
 return a === null? -1 : b === null? 1 : a.toString().localeCompare(b);
share|improve this answer
Ah yes, I forgot about localeCompare. +1. – Tim Down Feb 25 '10 at 16:20
I'm unable to comment on answers yet, but I wanted to share my issue in case anyone else uses Tims solution.
Tims solution worked great. HOWEVER... it would intermittently throw a 'Number Expected' error. Completely randomly.
This link explains the problem and a workaround that solved the issue for me...
Hope this saves someone the time I wasted debugging/googling!
share|improve this answer
Interesting thanks for sharing, I updated Tim answers: stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/… – Marco Demaio May 3 '11 at 15:53
I came across this thread looking for a similar quick-and-dirty answer, but it didn't touch on what I actually needed. "How to treat nulls", float them to the top or bottom, etc. This is what I came up with:
 var list = [0, -1, 1, -1, 0, null, 1];
var sorter = function(direction){
 // returns a sort function which treats 'null' as a special case, either 'always higher' (1)
 // or 'always lower' (-1)
 direction = direction || 1;
 var up = direction > 0;
 return function(a, b){
 var r = -1,
 aa = a == null? undefined : a,
 bb = b == null? undefined : b,
 careabout = up? aa : bb
 if(aa == bb){
 r = 0;
 }else if(aa > bb || careabout == undefined){
 r = 1
 return r;
var higher = [].concat(list.sort(sorter(1)));
var lower = [].concat(list.sort(sorter(-1)));
console.log(lower[0] === null, lower);
console.log(higher[higher.length - 1] === null, higher);
// then, something that sorts something in a direction can use that direction to
// determine where the nulls end up. 'list' above ranged from negative-one to one,
// with mixed zero and null values in between. If we want to view that list
// from highest value to descending, we'd want the nulls to be treated as
// 'always lower' so they appear at the end of the list.
// If we wanted to view the list from lowest value to highest value we'd want the
// nulls to be treated as 'higher-than-anything' so they would appear at the bottom
// list.
var sortThisArray = function(arr, direction){
 var s = sorter(direction);
 return arr.sort(function(a,b){
 return direction * s(a,b)
console.log(sortThisArray(list, 1));
console.log(sortThisArray(list, -1));
share|improve this answer
The browser is doing null.toString(); since null is an Object, this is pretty much Object.toString()... which would return "null"
Pass in a parameter to sort, as your comparison function [if the function returns something greater than 0, b is sorted lower than a]
function would basically be:
comparisonFunc = function(a, b)
 if((a === null) && (b === null)) return 0; //they're both null and equal
 else if((a === null) && (b!= null)) return -1; //move a downwards
 else if((a!= null) && (b === null)) return 1; //move b downwards
 //Lexicographical sorting goes here
share|improve this answer
Use a custom ordering function that handles null values this way.
arr1.sort(function(a, b) {
 if (a===null) a='';
 if (b===null) b='';
 if (''+a < ''+b) return -1;
 if (''+a > ''+b) return 1;
 return 0;
share|improve this answer
That first line should of course read: if (a===null) a=''; – HBP Feb 24 '10 at 18:57
_USER_ Thanks edited – Alexandre Jasmin Feb 24 '10 at 19:02
I can't add a comment yet to _USER_'s comment, but here's an expansion on _USER_'s to add support for boolean:
[null, "b", "c", "d", null, "e", 0, undefined, "g", null, 0, "h", "i", true, "l", "m", undefined, "n", "o", "p", false, "ne", "nur", "nimbus"].sort(function (a,b) {
 if (a === b) { return 0; }
 if (a === null) {
 return -1;
 } else if (b === null) {
 return 1;
 } else if (typeof a ==='string') {
 return a.localeCompare(b);
 } else if (typeof a === 'number' || typeof a === 'boolean') {
 if (a < b) return -1;
 if (a > b) return 1;
 return 0;
also, per JS specification, undefineds always get booted to the end of the array...
share|improve this answer
You can pass the sort a sortfunction
where sortfunction does the comparison you need (regular sorting with null values being greater than others)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Cedar Breaks
Deposition at Cedar Breaks started about 60 million years ago. The plateau that Cedar Breaks is currently located on was much lower than it is today. During this time, the area was completely covered by a lake. This lake became known as Lake Claron. The lake was 70 miles wide and 250 miles long. Surrounding highlands began to erode away and these sediments were carried away by wind and water into LakeClaron. These sediments settled at the bottom of this lake. Algae that naturally lived in the lake would eventually die forming a paste that cemented all the sediments together to form the sedimentary rock that is visible at Cedar Breaks today. The sedimentary rock visible at Cedar Breaks is limestone. The colors visible in the rock come from various amounts of oxidized irons (red and orange hues) and manganese (purple hues). This entire formation became known as the Claron formation or Pink Cliffs.
Cedar Breaks is located near a major fault known as the Hurricane fault. This fault is 100 miles long and runs parallel to I-15. It became very active about 10 million years ago, raising the LakeClaron bed to its current elevation of 10,350 feet above sea level. The Hurricane fault is known as a normal fault. The fault is still active today, but because it moves at such a slow rate, it is hard for one to notice the movement.
Ever since the rocks were uplifted, they became exposed to the various erosion elements. There are three types of erosion apparent at Cedar Breaks: chemical, water, and wind erosion.
Cedar Breaks


Category:905 Traffic Studies
From Engineering_Policy_Guide
Jump to navigation Jump to search
_PHONE_.jpg
This article brings together the different traffic studies typically performed by MoDOT engineers. Since traffic engineering concepts include roadway conditions, roadway designs, signing, striping, traffic control and so on, this article provides a single source on how to gather data for a traffic study and EPG links to implement resulting countermeasures.
Articles in "905 Traffic Studies"


The power of Microsoft Configuration Manager (SCCM) makes it possible for Administrators to deploy software, protect data, monitor health, and enforce compliance across all devices in an organization. But with great power comes challenges and frustrations for management, maintenance, and delegation. Collaborating with industry leaders and Microsoft MVPs, including Kent Agerlund, Niall Brady, Wally Mead, and Anoop Nair, we compiled some of the top frustrations that SCCM Administrators face on a daily basis.
For instance, according to Kent Agerlund:
"With Configuration Manager managing 170 million devices, there is a wealth of information in the system. However, many organizations can't correlate data and truly benefit from the wealth of performance, security and compliance information derived from clients."
How many of these challenges resonate with you?
 1. Frequent Upgrades
 Between SCCM and Windows updates, many organizations struggle with not having enough resources to successfully complete migration projects in a timely fashion.
 Example: Patch Tuesday
 Microsoft introduced a range of issues causing many environments to flood WAN traffic.
 Example: Windows 10
 Organizations find it difficult to keep up with the many new versions of Windows 10. The upgrades have proven to be much more involved than running a 'typical' software update or upgrade, and they also involve UX changes that impact each user in the organization.
 2. Lack of Checks & Balances
 When performing a deployment, while a summary of the deployment settings is presented, there is no message before the deployment is created to confirm the action, the software, and the target collection, making it harder to verify accuracy before committing to the deployment.
 3. Data Overload
 There is a wealth of information in Configuration Manager, however many organizations can't correlate data and truly benefit from the performance, security and compliance information derived from clients.
 4. Inconsistency with Dashboards & Reports
 There often is a difference between what the native SCCM Console shows for report values (such as deployment states) and what is shown in a report for the same deployment, making it difficult to know which is accurate.
 5. Inability to Initiate Client Notification Actions on Individual Clients
 If you go to the Devices node and select a client, you won't see the Client Notification menu and actions as you do on a Collection. However, if you right-click a Collection, then click Show Members, a new sticky node is created under Devices. From there, you can use the Client Notification actions on individual clients.
 6. SQL-Based Replication Troubleshooting
 SCCM uses Database Replication Service (DRS) to replicate data between sites. The DRS intern uses SQL Server Service Broker (SSB) to replicate data between the sites. DRS troubleshooting is problematic for SCCM Admins as it requires SQL troubleshooting skills, which many Admins struggle with.
 7. Opening Firewall Ports in Global Organizations
 Firewall rules in SCCM 2007 are very straightforward. However, SCCM CB is a bit more confusing and may require additional coordination with security teams.
 8. Reactive vs Proactive Client Health
 In most organizations, SCCM Admins are reactive in fixing issues that arise with clients within SCCM. Having the data to be proactive to ensure clients are working correctly would be extremely beneficial.
 9. Failed Deployments
 When a deployment fails due to client-side issues, it falls back on the SCCM Admin to fix it.
 10. ConfigMgr Environment
 The overall quality of the new ConfigMgr versions are good and upgrades very seldom go wrong. However, many organizations do rely on third-party software vendors to keep their versions up-to-date and that has proven to be a challenge and often delays projects.
Download the PDF here
Check out more helpful Microsoft Configuration Manager resources in the Cireson Community. Join the discussion and share your frustrations, tips, and more!


what is the pH of a.0020M NaOH solution?
Asked on
1 Answer | Add Yours
sciencesolve's profile pic
Posted on (Answer #1)
You need to evaluate pH using the following equation, such that:
'pH = -log(NaOH)'
Since the problem provides the concentration of '0.002M', you need to replace it in formula above:
'pH = -log(0.002) => pH = -(-2.69) => pH = 2.69'
Hence, evaluating the pH of the '.002 M NaOH' solution yields 'pH = 2.69.'
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
From mediaeval Latin hypostaticus, from Ancient Greek ὑποστατικός (hupostatikós), from ὑποστατός (hupostatós).
 - IPA(key): /haɪpəˈstætɪk/
hypostatic (comparative more hypostatic, superlative most hypostatic)
 1. (theology) Pertaining to hypostasis, especially with reference to hypostatic union.
 - Boyle
 The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.
 2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances.
 3. (medicine) Pertaining to hypostasis; depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting.
 hypostatic congestion, due to setting of blood by gravitation
 4. (genetics) Of a gene, affected by hypostasis.


text:
Why does a woman's vagina lose its grip? A flappy vagina is a nightmare for any woman, particularly when their significant other shows some signs of dissatisfaction in bed. As such, if you are struggling with some loose vagina, you need to find a solution to this problem ASAP. However, the most important step in resolving this issue is by understanding what makes a vagina loose.
When looking for possible reasons why a vagina could be loose, you realize that they many myths that tryto explain why some women have flappy vaginas. Well, some have some truths in them, and others are false. In this regard, here are the main causes or reasons why your pussy can become loose.
Causes of loose vaginal walls
Natural childbearing subjects pelvic muscles to lots of stress when giving birth. As such, your vaginal walls are stretched to their limits for the child to pass. In this regard, getting many children, particularly in a short period has a direct impact on your vaginal walls. However, not all women end up with a loose vagina. Some get their grip back once they are done.
Normal sex is good for your vagina. It can make your vagina tighter considering that muscles are used naturally during the entire process. However, too much rough sex is a recipe for a loose vagina. For instance, people using sex toys hurt their vagina walls, which has an adverse impact on the tightness of your vagina. In case all the damage has been done, some kegel exercises and natural vaginal tightening creams might restore the grip you used to have before.
Naturally, your pussy's grip decreases with age. This is attributed the fact that muscles responsible for making your vulva tight grow old as you age. It is a natural process common to all women. However, you can always do something to restore the integrity of your vaginal walls. As such, you need to look for a solution to keep your pussy tight as you age.
Solutions prescribed to woman with loose vaginas
How can one restore the grip they once enjoyed? First, adopting a healthy lifestyle goes a long way in dealing with vaginal looseness. Simple acts like drinking water and workouts can make it tight again. However, when using creams, it is imperative to ensure the product you are about poses no risks to your health.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Using CSS, it's easy to horizontally center text in a container using text-align:center;, but if any single word of that text is larger than the width of the container, the browser automatically "clips" to the left boundary of the container (as in, the over-sized word aligns with the left side of the too-small container, and without the CSS word-break:hyphenate; property setting (or similar) the over-sized word sticks out past the right edge of the container.
enter image description hereAny way to float this pic left of my text here to save vertical space? Oh well. Anyway...
Without using a child container element to hold the text, is there a way to center the over-sized word so that it hangs over both left and right sides of the container equally?
Again, I do not want to use a text container within the container. I could do this in 5 seconds by using a child text to be centered with fixed width and negative margin-left, or with absolute positioning of a container element inside a relative div, but I'm looking for a CSS attribute that will center text even when the word is too long to fit the width. By default, text-align:center doesn't do this.
Thoughts? Thanks! -Slink
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This fiddle shows three div elements illustrating the "problem" and both the following "solutions".
One Possible "Solution"
I'm not sure of your needs, but so far the only real solution I have found is to set display: table to your text container. But that will allow the container to stretch to the needed width to contain the longest word, which may not be desirable to you. If that is okay, that is the best solution.
Another Possible "Faked" Solution
If you must keep the apparent size of the element at least, then you can fake the look by some creative pseudo-element use:
.fakeIt {
 text-align: center; /* what you wanted all along */
 display: table; /* key to get centered */
 position: relative; /* allow reference for absolute element */
 z-index: 2; /* set up for a background to be pushed below */
 width: 40px; /* what you want, but table resizes larger if needed*/
 border: none; /* transferring border to the "fake" */
 background-color: transparent; /* transferring background to the "fake" */
.fakeIt:after {
 content: ''; /* before or after need it, even if empty */
 width: 40px; /* the original width you wanted for the container */
 position: absolute; /* need this to position it */
 z-index: -1; /* push it behind the foreground */
 left: 50%; /* push it to center */
 top:0; /* give it height */
 bottom: 0; /* give it height */
 margin-left: -20px; /* half the width to finish centering */
 border: 1px solid red; /* the border you wanted on the container */
 background-color: yellow; /* the background you wanted on the container */
However, depending upon your particular application, the "faked" solution may not work. Also, the original element will still take up the wider "space" in the document, it just won't look like it is. That could cause issues. Negative margin on the container could solve that, but you don't know what the value needs to be set at, as it would differ with text width.
You mention in a comment you are not familiar with pseudo-elements in css, so you may want to have a quick intro.
share|improve this answer
Great answer with the display: table trick. – biziclop Jul 14 '12 at 14:40
This seems like a very elegant solution. I like the concept, but is it applicable to anchor tags? tag allows CSS attributes like height:100px; and width:100px; even without specifying the CSS display property. // another reason for my concern with complicating the link by including a block-type display element is that I do want the website to be friendly for web crawlers. I'm not up to snuff on Google's requirements, but I'm not sure how it would affect the website's legitimacy rating according to the Google bots – Slink Jul 15 '12 at 20:58
show 2 more comments
That damned horizontal scrollbar!
 aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa
.inner {
 text-align: center;
 position: relative;
 left: +450%;
.inner:before {
 content: '';
 display: inline-block;
 margin-right: -900%;
share|improve this answer
What? You lost me. I was never aware of the :before CSS attribute, though (that's cool). I just want a CSS text attribute or other trick! margin-left or similar would be no good.??? Thanks. – Slink Jul 11 '12 at 18:22
This doesn't work (at least in firefox) – Inkbug Jul 15 '12 at 9:42
Unfortunately, it's true. – biziclop Jul 15 '12 at 9:52
add comment
Your Answer


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Abstract Background Glioblastoma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by its infiltrative growth, rendering complete resection impossible. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows potential in detecting tumor infiltration by reflecting microstructure disruption. OBJECTIVE To explore the heterogeneity of glioblastoma infiltration using joint histogram analysis of DTI, to investigate the incremental prognostic value of infiltrative patterns over clinical factors, and to identify specific subregions for targeted therapy. Methods A total of 115 primary glioblastoma patients were prospectively recruited for surgery and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The joint histograms of decomposed anisotropic and isotropic components of DTI were constructed in both contrast-enhancing and nonenhancing tumor regions. Patient survival was analyzed with joint histogram features and relevant clinical factors. The incremental prognostic values of histogram features were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between the proportion of diffusion patterns and tumor progression rate was tested using Pearson correlation. Results We found that joint histogram features were associated with patient survival and improved survival model performance. Specifically, the proportion of nonenhancing tumor subregion with decreased isotropic diffusion and increased anisotropic diffusion was correlated with tumor progression rate (P = .010, r = 0.35), affected progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.08, P < .001), and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.36, P < .001) in multivariate models. Conclusion Joint histogram features of DTI showed incremental prognostic values over clinical factors for glioblastoma patients. The nonenhancing tumor subregion with decreased isotropic diffusion and increased anisotropic diffusion may indicate a more infiltrative habitat and potential treatment target.
Original publication
Journal article
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Date
524 - 534


text:
How does the sunlight affect the height of a plant
How does sunlight affect the color of a plant?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
It also affects the height because sunlight is needed by the plant to produce energy. A plant uses that energy to build new cells, which are like building blocks. Without those building block like cells, the plant can not grow taller.
Sunlight affects the height of a plant because if it doesn't have any sunlight it will die because it only have water


Diplôme Supérieur d'Arts Appliqués Lyon
École Supérieure d'Arts Appliqués La Martinière Diderot
Snowboard and protection
Antoine BONTE. Diploma project. DSAAD Product design. 2020
Sliding sports are not easy to access. We need to be fully equipped which is expensive and cumbersome. Moreover, learning to practice them is a hard task. This is why, as a designer, I aim to make them accessible. It should not distort the environment : it is the soul of those sports.
When sliders are practising, it increases the potential energy in their body. That is why they are exposed to personal injuries or even death if they do not control it. However, if we want to improve our skills, we need to practise. In that kind of sports, we learn from our mistakes.
This learning method scares a lot of people. That is why I will suggest reducing personal injuries via a new kind of accessible protections that do not hinder movement.


text:
Adaptive learning technology pioneer recognized for innovation in education at annual
ASU GSV Summit April 18 – 20 in San Diego, CA
SAN DIEGO—April 19, 2016—DreamBox Learning today announced CEO Jessie Woolley-Wilson was honored as GSV's Innovator of Color for her work fostering educational equity and driving innovation for both students and educators. Woolley-Wilson was recognized this week at the 2016 ASU GSV Summit, an annual event that supports education and human capital innovation and catalyzes the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The GSV Innovator of Color Award celebrates the roles of individuals of color in leading critical education and talent innovation. The award honors an entrepreneur who has had a significant impact on advancing innovation at scale, and is an inspiring role model for fellow innovators.
"I am honored and humbled to be recognized by GSV as an innovator in education," said Jessie Woolley-Wilson, president and CEO of DreamBox Learning. "I am proud to continue breaking down barriers for all students regardless of race, gender, or socio-economic status. When educators are empowered with dynamic, relevant, and actionable information about where each student is in their own unique learning path, we can impact learning at the point of instruction in new and compelling ways. When we engage and empower students, we build competence and confidence while cultivating life-long learners. I believe that to unlock human potential, we must first unlock the learning potential of every student."
Woolley-Wilson is chair, CEO & president of DreamBox Learning®, Inc., the company that pioneered Intelligent Adaptive Learning™ and is heralded as a "game changer" in the Ed-Tech sector by nationally renowned academic and technology experts. Throughout her career, Woolley-Wilson has been driven by the belief that all children need and deserve high-quality learning opportunities, regardless of who they are or where they live. She has worked in the education technology sector for nearly 20 years, supporting school and district leaders to improve access to quality learning opportunities to improve life outcomes for K-12 students.
"We are proud to recognize Jessie as a true trailblazer in education technology," said Deborah Quazzo, managing partner of GSV Advisors, LLC. "Technology has enabled unprecedented access in education and we are honored to recognize someone who continues to be an inspiration to all who advocate for equality, both inside and outside the classroom."
About DreamBox Learning
DreamBox Learning was founded in 2006 in Bellevue, Washington, and the company's pioneering Intelligent Adaptive Learning platform has since won over 40 top education and technology industry awards and is in use in all 50 states and throughout Canada. DreamBox Learning Math® offers a groundbreaking combination of Intelligent Adaptive Learning, a rigorous K–8 mathematics curriculum, and a motivating learning environment. The innovative DreamBox platform captures every decision a student makes and adjusts the student's learning path and scaffolds support based on the student's input, delivering millions of individualized learning paths, each one tailored to the student's unique needs. DreamBox Learning Math is available for Mac, PC, and iPad. For more information, visit DreamBox.com.
RH Strategic for DreamBox Learning


text:
Date: March 26, 2014
Who owns the world's forests, and who decides on their governance? The answers to these questions are still deeply contested. To many Indigenous Peoples and local communities who have lived in and around forests for generations, the forests belong to them, under locally defined systems of customary tenure. In most countries, however, governments have claimed ownership of much of the forest estate through historical processes of expropriation, and those claims have been formalized in statutory laws. While governments are increasingly recognizing local ownership and control of forests, forest tenure arrangements remain in dispute or unclear in many places, including low, middle, and high income countries.


Windows Programming
.NET 1.1+
Setting the Foreground Window
In a previous article I described the use of the SendKeys class. This type's methods provide a last resort way to control other applications, allowing you to send keys to the keyboard buffer and have them received by the target software. One of the problems with this approach is activating the target window in the first place. A solution to this problem is to use the SetForegroundWindow function.
SetForegroundWindow is a Windows Application Programming Interface (API) function, which you can call using Platform Invocation Services (P/Invoke). The function is quite simple. It has a single parameter, to which you provide the handle of the window to be activated. The function returns a Boolean value with true indicating success and false meaning that the window could not become active. Failures can happen for several reasons, such as the window being locked or having open menus.
Declaring the Function
To demonstrate SetForegoundWindow's use we'll create a simple program that finds all of the running instances of Notepad and uses SendKeys to send them some text. To begin, create a new Windows Forms application project. We'll be using the System.Diagnostics namespace to work with processes and System.Runtime.InteropServices for P/Invoke, so add the following two using directives to the code behind the automatically generated form:
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
We can now declare the Windows API function by adding the following within the code block of the form's class:
static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
Calling the Function
Our sample program is simple. Firstly we will use the Process class's static method, GetProcessesByName, to obtain an array containing one Process object for each running Notepad. We'll then loop through each of the objects so that every Notepad instance is affected.
Within the Process class is the MainWindowHandle property. This holds the handle of the application's main window. As we are targeting Notepad this will be the correct handle, as Notepad can only include one window. We'll use the handle with SetForegroundWindow to activate each Notepad window in turn. We'll then send some text to the active window using SendKeys.
To add this functionality, start by creating a new button on the form in the form designer window. Double-click the button to add a click event and include the following code within the event's method:
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName("notepad");
foreach (Process process in processes)
 SendKeys.Send("Hello, world!");
You can now test the program. Start several instances of Notepad before running the program and clicking the button. You should see the text, "Hello, world!" added to each Notepad's text.
18 May 2013


text:
Ansys 2020 R2: Efficiently Managing Materials Data for Design and Simulation
Quickly finding and comparing materials for design and simulation is now easy with Ansys GRANTA MI Pro. This software solution helps CAD and simulation engineers to be more efficient and reduce the risk of using the wrong data by storing data in the right format and integrating it with existing systems. You can also easily incorporate your valuable in-house materials data in an accessible materials database. This webinar teaches you how to start building consistent material intelligence and benefit from it fast.
- Increase productivity by creating a single source of materials information, enabling your team to find data fast and avoid duplicated effort
- Increase design speed with and minimize data entry errors with no manual typing, no Excel files
- Access useful generic reference data to support the early phases of simulation
- Add your own in-house data in one place and format, creating a single source of approved materials for quick access and assignment, thereby minimizing errors
- Ensure materials consistency across your teams and between CAD and CAE
- Create this database and best practices with GRANTA MI Pro, from importing and compiling in-house materials data to assigning them directly in CAD and CAE


Evan's Awesome A/B Tools (home):
Question: How many subjects are needed for an A/B test?
[ link ]
Baseline conversion rate: %
Minimum Detectable Effect: %
10.2% – 13.2%
The Minimum Detectable Effect is the smallest effect that will be detected (1-β)% of the time.
Conversion rates in the gray area will not be distinguishable from the baseline.
Sample size:
per variation
Statistical power 1−β:
Percent of the time the minimum effect size will be detected, assuming it exists
Significance level α:
Percent of the time a difference will be detected, assuming one does NOT exist
See also: How Not To Run an A/B Test


Microsoft Research Fellowship Awards Underwrite Academic Excellence
REDMOND, Wash., Feb. 23, 2004 — Microsoft recently honored some of the keenest young minds in computer science, mathematics and electrical engineering by awarding Microsoft Research Fellowships to 13 promising graduate students in the United States and Canada. The scholarships provide students who are considered "the best and the brightest" with an opportunity to pursue doctorate-level research for two academic years.
Chandra Nair
To learn more about the nature of genius in higher education today, PressPass hosted a roundtable discussion with Jim Kajiya, director, at Microsoft Research and four of the students who were named MSR Fellows for 2004-05 (see sidebar for complete list):
 - Vladimir Jojic, a Ph.D. student in computer science within the Probabilistic and Statistical Inference Group at the University of Toronto, Canada, whose field is machine learning and computational molecular biology
 - Jinyang Li, a Ph.D. student in the Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Laboratory for Computer Science, whose research is in the areas of computer networks and distributed systems
 - Chandra Nair, a Ph.D. candidate in electrical engineering at Stanford University in California, whose research focuses on crossover areas in probability, combinatorics and statistical physics
 - Alan Nash, a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics at the University of California, San Diego, whose work focuses on applications of logic to computer science
PressPass: Why does Microsoft Research award fellowships?
Jim Kajiya: We want to recognize academic excellence by providing material support to outstanding students in computer science and closely related fields. Fellowships have been recognized as one of the most desirable and effective mechanisms for doing so. These awards also demonstrate our support for outstanding university departments throughout North America.
PressPass: What does MSR look for in award recipients? In other words, what characteristics define a good Fellow?
Kajiya: We look for candidates with the highest potential for contributing to their chosen field. These people are highly creative and very bright, and they have interesting views on the world.
PressPass: Would each of you summarize your work and describe the research that you plan to focus on in the coming year?
Vladimir Jojic: My research focuses on building probabilistic models for different mechanisms and processes in biological systems. For example I am interested in the mechanics of immune system response, reconstructing the phylogenetic tree of the evolution of species, and the design of peptides for use in RNA interference. These areas are of interest because understanding these processes has direct application in how we deal with viruses and diseases. For example, an evolutionary model allows us to investigate how SARS jumped species and then infer how likely other viruses are to do the same. Similarly, by modeling specificity of mechanisms such as RNA interference we can ensure that we obstruct the building of faulty protein in a cancerous cell while not interrupting the production of normal proteins.
Jinyang Li
Jinyang Li: My work deals specifically with routing in dynamic peer-to-peer networks, such as music-sharing networks like Kazaa or Gnutella. Routing is a way to figure out the best path for traffic to travel in your network to get to its destination. But the way peer-to-peer networks are formed is often very ad hoc, so to find a piece of data, essentially you have to flood the request to many people on the network. If you want to limit the expense of that, you sacrifice accuracy; in other words, you might fail to contact someone who holds the data. The scientific community has devised an idea called distributed hash table, which is a more intelligent way of organizing this overlay network such that searching is much easier. With DHT, a routing algorithm tells you which path to take to find a piece of data. My current work focuses on analyzing these routing algorithms and design choices and understanding how they perform, especially in a dynamic network where a lot of nodes join and leave.
Chandra Nair: My main work has been in the area of combinatorial optimization. A typical problem in this area takes the following form: I have some objective that I want to optimize — say, maximize profit or minimize cost — but the number of possible choices of variables is so extremely large that an exhaustive search is impossible. This field deals with finding out optimal solutions in a more efficient manner. My main work has been to prove a conjecture in a particular combinatorial optimization problem. Optimization occurs in nature. For example, leaves in a tree arrange themselves so that each leaf gets a large amount of sunlight. Statistical physicists use existing physical laws to simulate the optimization that nature would do, even to problems that don't occur naturally. Their results are stunning, but the arguments are not completely rigorous. I will focus on using my rigorous solution to the particular problem I worked on to understand, explain and rigorize the work of the statistical physicists.
Alan Nash
Alan Nash: I'm interested in roughly three areas in database theory and complexity theory. With regard to the more applied aspect of database theory, I'm interested in information integration. And in the more theoretical areas, I'm interested in two questions. One is the role of ordering in computation, and the other has to do with the open question of P vs. NP, which is one of the most important problems in theoretical computer science. This is difficult to explain, but it's easier to explain a related question: Roughly, what can we compute without using too much time, and what can we compute without using too much space? The intuition is that we should be able to compute more things if we're limited in space than if we're limited in time because you can reuse space but you can't reuse time. But people have been working on this for a long time and we have not been able to show yet that you can compute more things having limited space than you can having limited time. This is a big, open question, and I'm not by any means hoping to solve it, but I'm working on several questions related to it.
PressPass: What drives you to study in your particular area? What promise do you think it holds?
Nair: I'm interested in mathematics in general, and combinatorial optimization offers lots of exciting opportunities for solving difficult, open mathematical problems. Clearly, optimization problems occur in every walk of life in one way or another. We join the shortest queue in a grocery store, take the shortest path to our destination, and so forth. So I believe optimization problems are an important class of problems to study.
Jojic: Machine learning is very exciting because it allows you to get at the underlying truth using noisy and incomplete observations. In immunology, for example, we might ask, "Given the incomplete knowledge that we have today about immune systems, what are the factors that influence how an immune system would respond to a virus?" An observation of the rough data in different stages of the immune response, to my eye, would appear like a bunch of letters and numbers. But it's extremely interesting when you can postulate a probabilistic model of the data, find the important factors and discover an optimal solution for the problem at hand, for example, the best stimulus for the immune system.
PressPass: How do you think a fellowship like this affects your prospects? Do you see it opening up opportunities for you?
Li: I definitely see it opening up opportunities for me. I'm currently working on a specific research area, but with the Microsoft Research Fellowship, I have the freedom to pursue other areas if I have good ideas. I wouldn't have that same freedom in another position, for example, as a research assistant or teaching assistant at MIT.
Nair: It would have been difficult for me to go to any common funding agency and request money to work in an area that is extremely theoretical and from which there is probably no monetary gain for some time, in terms of product or practical applications. But a fellowship gives
you freedom to pursue fields that you feel really need to be pursued, both for furthering human understanding and for the impact this field will have several years down the line. Clearly, this fellowship also offers the opportunity for me to collaborate with the best theoretical group that exists outside of some top universities.
PressPass: What outlook do you see for IT as a career? Has computer science lost its luster in the post-dotcom boom? Or do college students today still see this as a good career choice?
Jojic: Sure, because innovation goes on and new technologies keep coming out. As far as research is concerned, there are popular areas, machine learning being one of them, as well as the merging of machine learning with other areas such as biology and speech/video/text processing. As long as people continue to be interested in solving problems, innovation in the computer science and IT area is going to continue. It might not be in terms of inventing new markets, which is what the dotcoms seemed to focus on, but there are definitely areas where you can work and solve interesting problems, and there are definitely business cases for solving such problems.
Nair: In the dotcom boom, non-genuine businesses got hyped up, causing a huge bubble. Now it's filtering out to the really good people who stayed in the field and are making real progress. What people expect today is slower but much steadier growth, not another huge boom. That's the general outlook I'm seeing among my peers. They're not hoping to become millionaires overnight.
Li: It's definitely healthier today. A couple years ago, people signed up for computer science because they thought it was going to make them quick money. Now they sign up more because they really like the subject. I see a lot of freshman signing up for computer science. It's down from a couple


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We take a real-time embedded system to be the control system of a plant in an open environment, where the control is realized by computation in digital or analog form. The key characteristic of a real-time embedded system is that computation is interleaved or in parallel with actions of the plant and events in the environment. Various models for real-time embedded systems have been proposed in recent years, most of which are extensions of existing concurrency models with delays or time bounds on transitions. In this paper, we present a different approach to modeling real-time systems. We take the overall system as a dynamic system, in which time or event structures are considered as an intrinsic dimension. Our model, called the Constraint Net model (CN), is capable of expressing dynamic behaviors in real-time embedded systems. It captures the most general structure of dynamic systems so that systems with discrete as well as dense time and asynchronous as well as synchronous event structures can be modeled in a unified framework. It models the dynamics of the environment as well as the dynamics of the plant and the dynamics of the computation and control. It provides multiple levels of abstraction so that a system can be modeled and developed hierarchically. By explicitly representing locality, CN can be used to explore true concurrency in distributed systems. With its rigorous formalization, CN provides a programming semantics for the design of real-time embedded systems. It also serves as a foundation for specification, verification, analysis and simulation of the complete dynamic system.
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An excerpt from _URL_ archives copyright © 2000 - 2013
Where did the German Niemi family come from? What is the German Niemi family crest and coat of arms? When did the Niemi family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Niemi family history?
Spelling variations of this family name include: Niemi, Niemira, Niemiera, Niemcryc, Niemiryez, Niemeyer, Nirmiry, Niemirowicz and many more.
First found in East Prussia, where the name came from noble lines and gained a significant reputation for its contribution to the emerging mediaeval society. It later became more prominent as numerous branches of the same house acquired distant estates, some of which were located in other countries. Through the acquisition of these estates as well as their important contributions to society, the family successfully elevated their social status. In East Prussia they were related to the Polish Litwa Clan and seated in East Prussia in 1413, a territory which later became part of Poland.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Niemi research. Another 231 words(16 lines of text) covering the years 1501, 1612, 1659, and 1825 are included under the topic Early Niemi History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 27 words(2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Niemi Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: settlers who traveled to the New World and established themselves along the eastern seaboard of the United States, and Canada in the 18th and 19th centuries..
The Niemi Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Niemi Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 23 September 2010 at 15:35.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.


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Summary: International Journal of Forecasting 27 (2011) 870886
Combination of long term and short term forecasts, with
application to tourism demand forecasting
Robert R. Andrawisa, Amir F. Atiyaa,, Hisham El-Shishinyb
a Department of Computer Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
b IBM Center for Advanced Studies in Cairo, IBM Cairo Technology Development Center, Giza, Egypt
Available online 15 September 2010
Forecast combination is a well-established and well-tested approach for improving the forecasting accuracy. One beneficial
strategy is to use constituent forecasts that have diverse information. In this paper we consider the idea of diversity being
accomplished by using different time aggregations. For example, we could create a yearly time series from a monthly time series
and produce forecasts for both, then combine the forecasts. These forecasts would each be tracking the dynamics of different
time scales, and would therefore add diverse types of information. A comparison of several forecast combination methods,
performed in the context of this setup, shows that this is indeed a beneficial strategy and generally provides a forecasting
performance that is better than the performances of the individual forecasts that are combined.
As a case study, we consider the problem of forecasting monthly tourism numbers for inbound tourism to Egypt. Specifically,
we consider 33 individual source countries, as well as the aggregate. The novel combination strategy also produces a generally
improved forecasting accuracy.
c 2010 International Institute of Forecasters. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


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Reeya Rai and the Lost Library (Paperback)
While exploring ancient catacombs in Egypt, Reeya Rai and her family discover a chamber hidden behind a large wall of rubble. Inside are several mysterious ancient statues. However, there isn't time to explore the chamber. A large storm is coming that threatens to flood the entire region. Thinking quickly, Reeya and her friends invent a way to transport sandbags and build a wall to protect the catacombs from flooding. When they return, what ancient mysteries will they find hidden in the chamber? And how will they keep Dr. Acker and his daughter, Elsie, from discovering the chamber's secrets first?


Vampires versus Mathematicians
I just compared two searches on Google Trends:
 - How to become a vampire is in blue.
 - How to become a mathematician is in red.
Vampires versus Mathematicians
 1. swiety:
 Nice compared ;D
 2. alvarezp:
 Priceless! It really gives us a clue on the sad reality of what interests most people: what is real versus what's not. Or am I exaggerating? Maybe it just tells us that it is easier to dream than to study.
 3. majorana:
 alvarezp, it's not a sad reality. Only very few people are mentally wired to like math, or find it exciting. For the vast majority of the population, math is difficult and boring, and no amount of persuasion will ever make math easy or interesting for them. Besides, it's not fair to compare being a mathematician to being an immortal, almost indestructible, and exceedingly powerful uber-human.
 4. Karthik:
 Yes, but Ulam, Erdos, Hardy, and Ramanujan will be remembered for a long, long time. The chick who wrote Twilight? Not so much.
 But I think it is also important to distinguish between the ability to be good at math versus liking math. I just love math in every form, but I am not very good at it. I chose a rather applied route – engineering and computer science. It was entirely career driven, and looking back, if I had chosen what I was passionate about, I'd perhaps be a mathematician (but probably not a very good one). I embarked down a PhD in quantum computing before I realized if I ever did a PhD, it would be in math. I did not want to waste a decade doing something that I wasn't passionate about (albeit, enjoyable nevertheless).
 I think there are more people (like me) who enjoy math than is believed, but not being great at it puts them off. Perhaps not intentionally, but rather as a resignation of their math-less careers.
 5. Hari Parameswaran:
 While it's an interesting chart, it's probably not a fair comparison. Let's just consider teenagers – the few of them who want to become mathematician don't really need to search the web on how to become one. They are already interested in the subject, and have read books, and talked to teachers on how to go about it.
 On the other hand, the ones who are entranced by idiotic notions unfortunately have no other avenue of search except google (not very many books out there on the subject, nor are teachers likely to entertain such questions).
 So using google as a tool for comparison is biasing it towards the latter.
 6. Tanya Khovanova:
 I agree with you. I am glad that you noticed that.
Leave a comment


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Embarking on the thrilling pursuit of pheasant hunting without the steadfast companionship of a loyal canine can be likened to navigating uncharted territory. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of solo pheasant hunting, equipping you with the techniques, strategies, and essential gear necessary to conquer the challenges. Whether you are a seasoned hunter or a novice venturing into this realm, join us as we uncover the secrets to tracking, shooting, and retrieving pheasants without a faithful four-legged partner by your side.
- Hunting pheasants without a dog can be challenging due to the difficulty of flushing out elusive birds and the logistical obstacles of tracking and retrieving them.
- To increase the chances of success, solo hunters need to rely on their own skills and knowledge to outsmart pheasants, including studying their behavior and habitat preferences.
- Utilizing stealthy approaches and effective decoy usage can help attract pheasants and create a realistic hunting scenario.
- Decoys should be placed in open fields or near brushy areas where pheasants commonly feed or roost, and effective calling techniques can also be used to attract and ambush pheasants.
The Challenges of Hunting Pheasants Alone
The solitary pursuit of hunting pheasants presents numerous challenges, from the difficulty of flushing out the elusive birds to the logistical obstacles of tracking and retrieving them without the assistance of a hunting dog. Without a canine companion, hunters must rely on their own skills and knowledge to locate pheasant hotspots. This requires a deep understanding of the bird's behavior and habitat preferences. Pheasants are known to inhabit areas with dense cover, such as tall grasses, shrubs, and wetlands. By studying their feeding patterns and roosting sites, hunters can identify potential hotspots. Additionally, scouting the area in advance and looking for signs like tracks, feathers, and droppings can provide valuable information. While hunting pheasants alone may present challenges, it also offers a sense of self-reliance and the opportunity to develop a deeper connection with nature and the pursuit of game.
Techniques and Strategies for Solo Pheasant Hunting
When it comes to solo pheasant hunting, techniques and strategies play a crucial role in increasing your chances of success. Without the assistance of a dog, hunters must rely on their own skills and knowledge to outsmart these elusive birds. From utilizing stealthy approaches to effectively using decoys, there are various techniques that can help you navigate the challenges of hunting pheasants alone.
Dogless Hunting Tips
Successfully hunting pheasants without a canine companion requires employing at least three effective dogless hunting tips. While hunting without a dog poses its challenges, there are alternative bird decoy methods that can enhance your chances of a successful hunt.
One effective tip is to use a combination of decoys to create a realistic hunting scenario. Placing a hen decoy along with a rooster decoy can attract pheasants by simulating a social gathering. Another tip is to utilize movement decoys, such as a spinning wing decoy or a fluttering tail decoy, to add motion to your setup and grab the attention of passing pheasants. Lastly, employing a predator decoy, like a coyote or fox decoy, can trigger a defensive response in pheasants, making them more likely to approach your hunting area.
Stealthy Approaches for Pheasants
Consistently employing stealthy approaches is essential for solo pheasant hunters looking to enhance their chances of a successful hunt. Pheasants are known for their keen senses and ability to detect danger from a distance. Therefore, hunters must adopt strategies that allow them to approach these birds undetected. One of the most effective stealthy hunting techniques is to move slowly and quietly through the hunting ground. This minimizes noise and prevents the birds from being alerted to your presence. Another technique is to utilize effective decoy usage. Placing decoys strategically can lure pheasants to a desired location, allowing the hunter to take a shot without being noticed. By combining these stealthy approaches and using decoys effectively, solo pheasant hunters can greatly increase their chances of a successful hunt.
Effective Decoy Usage
Utilizing decoys strategically and employing proper positioning are essential techniques for effectively attracting and ambushing pheasants during solo hunts. Decoys can be an invaluable tool in your hunting arsenal, but their effectiveness relies heavily on decoy placement and effective calling techniques.
When it comes to decoy placement, it is crucial to mimic natural patterns and behaviors of pheasants. Placing decoys in open fields or near brushy areas where pheasants commonly feed or roost can increase your chances of attracting them. It is also important to position the decoys in a way that creates a realistic and enticing scene. Placing them in different orientations and angles can give the illusion of movement, making them more appealing to passing pheasants.
In addition to decoy placement, mastering effective calling techniques is vital. Pheasants are attracted to the distinct sounds of their own species, so learning to imitate their calls can be a game-changer. Practice different calls such as the cackle, crow, and assembly calls to effectively communicate with the birds and draw them closer.
Essential Gear for Hunting Pheasants Without a Dog
The article discusses the essential gear needed for hunting pheasants without a dog. While having a well-trained hunting dog can greatly enhance the hunting experience, it is still possible to successfully hunt pheasants without one. To do so, hunters need to be well-prepared and equipped with the right gear. First and foremost, a reliable shotgun is essential. A 12 or 20-gauge shotgun with a modified or improved cylinder choke is recommended for pheasant hunting. Additionally, hunters should invest in high-quality ammunition specifically designed for pheasants. Other essential gear includes a hunting vest with plenty of pockets for carrying extra ammunition, a hunting knife, a compass or GPS device, and blaze orange clothing for safety. It is also important to have a good understanding of pheasant behavior and habitat, as well as effective hunting techniques such as stalking and flushing. With the right gear and knowledge, hunting pheasants without a dog can still be a rewarding and successful experience.
Locating Pheasant Hotspots Without Canine Assistance
Several effective methods exist for identifying and pinpointing pheasant hotspots without the need for canine assistance. When it comes to locating pheasant habitats, there are various scouting techniques that can be employed. By understanding the behavior and preferences of pheasants, hunters can increase their chances of a successful hunt.
One method is to look for food sources. Pheasants are primarily grain eaters, so areas with abundant crops such as corn, wheat, or soybeans are likely to attract them. Another technique is to search for suitable cover. Pheasants prefer areas with tall grasses, shrubs, and brush piles, as they provide protection from predators. Lastly, water sources are also important for pheasants, so checking near rivers, streams, or ponds can be fruitful.
By utilizing these scouting techniques, hunters can identify pheasant hotspots and plan their hunts accordingly. While a canine companion can be helpful, it is not always necessary to locate these elusive birds. With a little knowledge and observation, hunters can find success in pheasant hunting without a dog.
|Look for food sources
|Areas with abundant crops such as corn, wheat, or soybeans attract pheasants.
|Search for suitable cover
|Pheasants prefer areas with tall grasses, shrubs, and brush piles.
|Check near water sources
|Pheasants are often found near rivers, streams, or ponds.
Shooting Skills and Accuracy for Dogless Pheasant Hunting
To improve shooting skills and accuracy during dogless pheasant hunting, hunters can practice proper aiming techniques and employ effective shooting strategies. Shooting techniques play a crucial role in successful hunting, especially when hunting without a dog. Understanding bird behavior is essential for anticipating their movements and adjusting your aim accordingly. Observing the flight patterns of pheasants can provide valuable insights into their behavior and help you position yourself for a higher chance of success. Additionally, practicing shooting techniques such as proper grip, stance, and follow-through can significantly enhance your accuracy. It is important to focus on maintaining a steady aim, leading the bird correctly, and squeezing the trigger smoothly. Regular practice and honing these skills will not only increase your chances of hitting your target but also ensure a more humane and ethical hunting experience.
Tips for Tracking and Retrieving Pheasants Without a Dog
When hunting pheasants without a dog, tracking and retrieving can be challenging. However, there are techniques that can help you succeed. One tip is to focus on solo hunting techniques, such as flushing the birds out of cover and anticipating their flight patterns. Additionally, alternative bird retrieval methods, such as using a long-handled net or a fishing pole with a hook, can be effective in retrieving downed birds.
Solo Pheasant Hunting Techniques
One effective technique for solo pheasant hunting without a dog is to utilize stealth and patience, allowing the hunter to get close enough for a successful shot. When hunting pheasants alone, it is crucial to approach the hunting area with caution. Walk slowly and quietly, avoiding any sudden movements or noises that could startle the birds. Keep an eye out for cover, such as tall grasses or brush, where pheasants are likely to hide. Take advantage of natural terrain features to conceal your approach. By moving slowly and quietly, you increase your


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How is the housing market impacting employment markets? This article examines three issues – multiple housing markets and demographic pressures. It also examines the impact of unemployment insurance. We will discuss demographic pressures and the role of buyer competition. It concludes with some implications for the future of housing markets. A growing share of people living outside of their labor markets may reflect additional factors beyond labor market position. In addition, parental wealth may play an increasing role in housing outcomes.
Multiple Housing Market Dualization
The paper uses a panel dataset of the LISS (Labor Market Information System) to examine the impact of multiple housing market dualization on the labor market. The dataset contains a representative sample of households from a full population register. Each panel study is repeated annually to correct for sample size bias and to ensure representativeness of the data. We also present relationships across housing dimensions. These analyses show that the dualization of the housing and labor markets is related to the same underlying social conditions.
Across all four models, the prevalence of multiple flat fee real estate market dualization is statistically significant. The extent to which multiple housing market dualization affects employment depends on the individual's tenure, employment security, and the amount of asset accumulation they have. The odds of being an outsider in the labour market are higher among employment contract holders than those with a secure housing tenure. However, the employment contract is a crucial factor that determines the probability of being an insider.
Impact of Buyer Competition
Increased buyer competition on the product market has many benefits. For workers, the primary benefits are increased wage growth and reduced unemployment. However, the negative consequences are also serious. When employers have too much power over workers, they can reduce wages even when the job is profitable. This process is known as 'downward ratchet'. The effect lowers worker purchasing power and decreases the capacity to purchase. This leads to a transfer of wealth from poor workers to rich owners.
The impact of buyer power can be minimized by introducing market regulation. Unlike the abuse of buyer power that can be seen in oligopolistic markets, this regulation can stiffen the market and stifle the innovation dynamics. In addition, specific regulations tend to attract lobbying and evasion. Consequently, they are not useful in achieving their goals. Thus, the government should consider introducing laws or regulations that limit the use of buyer power in the economy.
Impact of Demographic Pressures
Recent downward trends in the labor force participation rate are attributed to changes in the age composition of the population. A major example of this change is the aging of the baby boom generation, the cohort born between 1946 and 1964. Boomers have historically been a generator of change, and their entry into the prime-age workforce in the 1970s had a positive demographic effect. By 2024, the baby-boom cohort will be age 60 to 78. This group is expected to exit the labor force in large numbers.
Nonetheless, recent data on labor-force participation suggest that job vacancies are rising faster than the number of people seeking them. In August, U.S. labor data showed 10.4 million jobs vacant and 4.3 million people quitting. While this is generally considered a positive trend, it does not reflect the reality of changing demographics, which is why the U.S. labor force participation rate is below average. Nevertheless, there are several reasons why workers may be choosing not to quit their current jobs.
Impact of Unemployment Insurance
While the amount of unemployment benefits paid out each week may not affect the overall number of unemployed people, they do have a significant effect on the labor market, as they help workers weather the recent economic crisis. This has prevented the demand for goods and services from plummeting. During the Great Recession, the U.S. economy has lost 15 million jobs. New unemployment claims have been above their highs for 15 straight weeks. In addition to this, the unemployment rate is at an all-time high, with a sharp decline in consumer spending, unsafe working conditions, and lack of support for the unemployed.
Another major effect of unemployment insurance is its retrenchment effect. Many policymakers portray the program as a fiscally costly move, and therefore only extend unemployment benefits for a limited time. However, the program helps to support the unemployed until they find another job. This narrative is based on the assumption that unemployed workers will opt to claim benefits over jobs. But these workers end up with fewer opportunities to find new jobs and are less likely to seek out other jobs.


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After-Hours / Urgent Care
PAD Dallas is open on Saturdays until 12N and Sundays until 2PM. There may be times when your child needs in-office assistance when our office is closed. Please consider the following when deciding between an After-Hours / Urgent Care Facility and an Emergency Room visit:
Benefits of Urgent Care:
- Primarily staffed by pediatricians
- Equipped to handle non-life-threatening situations
- Fast and cost-effective alternative to the emergency department.
Comparing Urgent Care and the Emergency Department:
Time: Urgent care visits average 30 minutes vs. 2+ hours for the Emergency Department
Cost: Urgent care visits average $50 – $150 vs. $1,233 at the emergency department.
For patients with insurance, a co-payment will almost always be higher for emergency department visits than for urgent care visits.
PAD recommends the following Pediatric Urgent Care clinics in the Metroplex: (click on links for location options)
Pediatric Emergency Rooms:
The emergency department is meant for the following:
- Life-threatening situations
- Serious and sudden medical conditions
If you or a loved one is experiencing a life-threatening emergency, call 9-1-1 or find safe transportation to the emergency department near you.
- Medical City Dallas Hospital
- Children's Medical Center in Dallas
- Children's Medical Center at Legacy in Plano


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Homogeneous beam
Dear members:
 I have some basic question:
What is a homogeneous beam? why do we use homogeneous beam? what are the characteristics of homogeneous beams?
and Where do we use these beams? and what is beam homogenization?
Wenbin Yu's picture
homogeneous implies the material (isotropic or anisotropic) are the same at all material points. Isotropic homogeneous beams are the main subject of Strength of Materials. When the material is anisotropic, the analysis is a little bit different as there are possible couplings among the six fundamental beam deformation modes (tension, bending in two directions, shear in two directions, and torsion). You usually need a general cross-sectional tool like VABS to obtain the beam constants (in the form of 6x6 stiffness matrix).
A heterogeneous beam structure usually refers to heterogeneity over the cross-section such as laminated composite beams with different layup orientation. In general a beam can also be heterogeneous both over the cross-section and along the span such as tapered composite rotorblades. VABS is developed to accurately characterize such structures within the framework of beam models.
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