text:
This is an introduction to developing Jython, just to get someone started. It doesn't cover the source code in any depth or discuss the design behind Jython. It's purely aimed at getting a development environment set up. It's definitely not complete so feel free to make it better!
Check out a copy of the Jython source with Mercurial, available on most *nix systems or with Cygwin on Windows.
You can use the command line tool hg, or GUI clients are available on most platforms.
To obtain the a copy of the current development source, clone the repo via:
hg clone _URL_
Attach patches to issues in the Jython bug tracker.
Also, you can upload them to _URL_ (the Jython repository is already registered).
When Jython first followed CPython into use of Mercurial as the repository, it continued to reference a part of the CPython source at _URL_ as a "sub-repository". This meant you still needed Subversion installed. As of 20 March 2012, the Jython Mercurial repository contains a snapshot of CPython libs in the 2.2, 2.5, and default branches.
You therefore only need the following advice if you are somehow working with an old repository.
The following advice is based on experience using Mercurial 1.9, Slik Subversion and Windows 7 (AMDx64). Other tools and operating systems exist. An installation that gives you the command'svn' on your path is sufficient.
If you do not have Subversion installed (and on the PATH) the Mercurial hg clone command will terminate with the message:
abort: The system cannot find the file specified
at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository, specified in the files.hgsub and.hgsubstate.
A second requirement is that Subversion should accept the SSL certificate from the site svn.python.org. If you have not used Subversion already to access the site, you may find that the hg clone command hangs at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository. A simple solution is to visit the site once from the command line as follows:
svn info _URL_
Subversion will issue a warning about the certificate, and you will be able to "accept permanently" the site's certificate. The Mercurial clone operation should not now hang.
If you see the sub-directory CPythonLib created in your local repository, then the call to Subversion by Mercurial was a success. (It can take a few minutes to complete.)
Ant is a Java-based tool used to build Jython from source.
Eclipse users, see Eclipse Ant notes
Download the latest version (Jython requires Ant 1.7 or later to build) and install it so Ant's bin directory is somewhere in your path.
To build Jython, run ant in the top-level Jython directory (which contains the Ant file build.xml).
The results of the build appear in the dist subdirectory.
The Jython build process generates an executable Bash script, dist/bin/jython, to make it easy to launch your build of Jython. It works on Unix-like platforms (including Mac OS X and Cygwin).
If you're using Windows without Cygwin, use the batch file dist/bin/jython.bat instead.
Now you're ready to run tests...
- There are a couple different places to find test cases
Jython's dist/Lib/test (populated by the build process)
Jython's bugtests subdirectory (included with the development sources)
Run a particular test, or the whole Python test suite with ant regrtest.
See TestingJython for some more details.
Note the following describes the current trunk/jython. If you are working from an older tag, src doesn't exist and src/com and src/org are moved up a level.
src/org : top level package for python
src/com : zxJDBC related sources
src/shell : launcher scripts
src/templates: java source generator & related templates, used to update portions of java classes elsewhere in the source tree
Demo : demo sources for the website and such
Lib : the python source files for Jython standard library implementations
Lib/test : test cases
Misc : random scripts which are not all used; some generate source
Tools : JythonC and Freeze
CPythonLib : Lib directory from the corresponding version of cpython, via svn:externals
bugtests : additional test cases covering bug reports
JythonDeveloperGuide/PortingPythonModulesToJython : A good starting task for a Jython developer
CodingStandards : The standards for writing Java code for Jython
PatchGuidelines : How to make a patch for submission to the tracker
How things work
ImplementNewType : Implementing a new type (a beginner's notes)
ImplementSequenceType : Implementing a new sequence type
JythonModulesInJava : How to write a Jython module in Java
PythonTypesInJava : How to make a Jython type in Java (2.5 and later), mostly about the type exposer
JythonClassesInJava : How to make a Jython class in Java (pre-2.2, deprecated)
JythonDeveloperGuide/ImplementingStrAndRepr : Tips for implementation of __str__ and __unicode__ in Java.
JythonDeveloperGuide/UsingPyNewStringFromPythonCode : On the corner case of converting a Java String to a Python String.
GeneratedDerivedClasses : gderived.py, a tool used when implementing new types
BufferProtocol : Design of a Jython equivalent to the CPython buffer protocol (buffer API)
MethodDispatch : An explanation of Jython method dispatch mechanism.
WebsiteBuilderSetup : How to get the pieces setup to edit and build the Jython website
VersionTransition : Why some tests are excluded in going to a new version and how to go about fixing them
JythonDeveloperGuide/RegressionTestNotes : Some notes the regression tests
JythonDeveloperGuide/PleaseAdoptMe : Tasks looking for volunteers
HowToReleaseJython : Checklist for building a release and updating the website
SvnToHgMigration : Notes on the migration to Mercurial
PerformanceEnhancements : Ideas on how to speedup Jython
CodebaseCleanup : Tasks/general guidelines on keeping the codebase clean


text:
contains will be deleted from every part of the website it is displayed on.
You will have to confirm that deleting the field is indeed what you want to do. After you do this, the field will be removed from the "Global Fields".
Note: Please keep in mind, that neither the default "Fields" nor the default "Groups" can be deleted. This is why the delete option is not available for these.
How to Insert Global Fields to your page
After you have finished setting up your "Global Fields" you will have the possibility to use these fields on any of your pages while editing them with Thrive Architect.
You will be able to add the values/information you have entered for these fields to a "Text" element in the form of shortcodes.
First, edit the page you want to display the "Global fields" on with Thrive Architect. Then, add a "Text" element to it.
When you enter the actual text and you reach a part where you want to insert a value/info from a "Global Field", click on the "Dynamic Texts" option from the Panel options that are displayed for the "Text" element:
This will open a drop-down where you can choose from the available "Global Fields", according to what you need in the particular sentence.
Choose the source
Since the "Dynamic Texts" option is a more complex one, you can add more dynamic information besides the "Global Fields" one. Therefore, click on the "Select Source" field:
This will open a sub-menu with some "Dynamic Text" sources. Click on "Global Fields":
Then, another field will appear, where you can choose the actual "Global Field" to be inserted.
Click on the "Select an option" section to open it and select the field you want to add to your text:
For instance, if the sentence you want to use this field in is something like: "Our company is located at... " then, you will have to insert the "Address" field you have set in the "Global Fields":
After you have selected both the "Global Fields" option and the field, all you have left to do is to click on the "Insert" button and the values/info you have previously set to the field will be added to your text:
This way you can insert any of the "Global Fields" to the text on your pages whenever you want, thus, saving time and effort.
Hopefully, this article was useful for you. If so, please give it a smile below :)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Several users of Apple music have had problems while trying to play certain songs on their music playlist. They have reported an error message informing them that the song they are trying to play is not offered in their region or country. Furthermore, the songs with these warning s grayed out to distinguish them from the others. If you have been experiencing this problem, this article gives you a guide into how you can solve the problem.
Update the Music Playlist
One of the reasons why you are experiencing this problem is because of the changes that have been made on the older playlist. This is especially if the problem is encountered in older music. In this instance, the older playlists will not work. Hence you are bound to get the error. To solve this, you are required to delete the content of the old playlist. To delete individual items on the list, long-press the item that you want to delete and select the remove option. To update the list, just add the new version of the music, and you will be good to go.
In some instances, some songs may be permanently or partially unavailable. This is because music availability keeps on changing. This is subject to the decisions that the company makes regarding certain distributors or artists. For example, contracts offered to individual distribution firms may fail to be renewed. This may affect the available songs in the playlist in that, the record company, distributor companies, or even artists may withdraw the music that was once available.
Sign out and in your iTunes Account
You can solve the problem on your iOS device by first navigating to settings. In the settings option, navigate to the iTunes and APP store and then select your Apple ID option. In this option, you are required first to log out and then log in again with your ID credentials.
Reset the iTunes Warning
This problem can also be solved by resetting the warning on your iTunes. To do this, you are first required to have a computer and a working USB cable. Connect the USB cable to your phone on one side, and the computer on the other end. On your computer, select the iTunes option and open it. When it opens, following the following steps carefully.
- First click on the option labeled iTunes.
- Navigate to the preferences option and click on it.
- Go to the advanced tab and select it.
- Navigate to the reset warnings and click on it.
- Click on the OK button.
Sync your Computer and iOS Device
You can also synchronize your computer and iOS device by following these steps
Make sure that you have a USB cable. Using the USB cable, connect your computer with your iPad or iPhone.
- On the upper left corner of your iTunes, your device icon will be displayed.
- On the iTunes' window on the left side, navigate to the settings option, and click on music.
- This displays a checkbox that labeled sync music. Make sure to select this option.
- Click on the option labeled sync.
If your iOS device displays a message informing you that the song that you want to play is not offered in your region or country, you have no reason to worry. Follow any one of the steps explained in this article, and you will effectively solve the problem. If one method fails, you can try the next, and one of these methods will help solve the problem.


text:
Fills the space
between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two
objects while under compression. Gasket material saves money by allowing less
precise mating surfaces on machine parts which can use gasket
fill irregularities. Gaskets are commonly produced by cutting from
sheet gasket materials, such as gasket paper (beater addition), Non-asbestos,
Rubber, EPDM, Nitrile, Buna, Neoprene, Flexible Graphite, Grafoil, Aflas, Kalrez, Viton, Silicone, Metal,
Mica, Felt or a plastic polymer such as PTFE, Peek, Urethane, or Ethylene Propylene (EP). In the
past, the gasket material selected for specific applications may contain have contained
Today's sealing products manufacturer's in the United
States no longer produce or offer any asbestos containing products.
Gasket materials containing asbestos have been claimed to have
caused Asbestosis. Of course it would take the grinding of gasket
material to release the fibers and then the breathing in of those
fibers....possible but in the real world this would be rare. Wetting
or oiling a gasket before grinding for removal greatly reduces any
risk (not grinding is even better). Asbestos gasket material
is still used in most of the rest of the world and is a very
effective low cost material.
It is usually desirable that the gasket be made from a
material that is compressible such that it tightly
fills the space it is designed for, including any slight
irregularities. The most common misconception when selecting a
gasket materials thickness is to choose a gasket material that is
too thick. The thicker the material the more likely the material
being contained can weep through the pores of the gasket material
itself. This is a greater issue with some materials than others.
A rule of thumb is to have the material thick enough to compensate
for any surface face irregularities and to permit some compression.
The required compression for your gasket material will depend many
2)Pressure being sealed
3)Size of bolts (assuming bolts are being used)
4)Number of bolts
5)Condition of the bolts
6)Lubrication on the bolts
All must be considered when determining torque. Torque data
must be determined using all of the above and should be provided by
an engineer. In most cases unless your gasket is a standard
ANSI or API flange using Ring or Full Face gaskets torque data will
be difficult to come by (due to staffing and the fear of law suits). In most cases the old tighten it
tight enough to stop any leaks but not too tight as to completely
crush the gasket is generally accepted.
Over compression removes the ability to recover. This is also true of expanded PTFE (Teflon
®), once over compressed it will
have no recovery and therefore will not longer adapt to maintain a
seal. The common strategy of "The more compressive load
exerted on the gasket, the longer it will last" is generally true of
elastomeric materials since elastomers (rubbers) are not
compressible but deflect compression. Many materials such as
non-asbestos compressed gasket materials and beater addition (ie;
Armstrong) materials contain elastomers in the mix of material they
are produced from, making them difficult to over compress.
One of the more desirable properties of an effective gasket
industrial applications is the ability to withstand
high compressive loads. Most industrial gasket applications involve
bolts exerting compression well into the 14 MPa (2000 psi) range or higher.
This is why Non-asbestos gasket materials are so widely used in industrial
gasket material applications.
Call American Seal
& Packing for your gasket material requirements.
Teflon® is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates and is used in relation to products manufactured with Dupont's fluoropolymer resins.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Organizations deploy gamification in CSCW systems to enhance motivation and behavioral outcomes of users. However, gamification approaches often cause competition between users, which might be inappropriate for working environments that seek cooperation. Drawing on the social interdependence theory, this paper provides a classification for gamification features and insights about the design of cooperative gamification. Using the example of an innovation community of a German engineering company, we present the design of a cooperative gamification approach and results from a first experimental evaluation. The findings indicate that the developed gamification approach has positive effects on perceived enjoyment and the intention towards knowledge sharing in the considered innovation community. Besides our conceptual contribution, our findings suggest that cooperative gamification may be beneficial for cooperative working environments and represents a promising field for future research.


text:
Indigenous Community Liaison Officer» search for more Jobs
Indigenous community liaison officers liaise with Indigenous communities and the state or territory police forces in order to establish and maintain positive relationships. Indigenous community liaison officers usually have limited police powers, although in certain circumstances they may assist police officers with law enforcement tasks such as arrest, search and detainment. This type of position will involve shift work, weekend and public holiday work, with positions in urban and rural communities. Having an Aboriginal or Torres Straight Islander background is encouraged. The number of positions available is growing, but is dependant on the number of Indigenous Australians and police in an area, as well as community funding.
Roles of an Indigenous Community Liaison Officer include:
- Developing and maintaining contacts between the police and the local Indigenous communities to strengthen cooperation and communication between the parties
- Improving community knowledge about police services and law and order issues
- To advise, assist and educate police officers on cross-cultural awareness, potential crime and disorder areas and how to address these issues in order to improve relations
- Represent and advocate for Indigenous people at committee meetings and juvenile hearings
- Aid Indigenous recruitment, retention, career management and development strategies
Due to the level of involvement with police and the power bestowed on an individual by the role, it is essential that a person in this position have a sound character, an acceptable traffic/criminal record, be medically fit, have good communication skills, understanding of Indigenous cultures, and enjoy working with people.


text:
Promoter, in chemistry, substance added to a solid catalyst to improve its performance in a chemical reaction. By itself the promoter has little or no catalytic effect. Some promoters interact with active components of catalysts and thereby alter their chemical effect on the catalyzed substance. The interaction may cause changes in the electronic or crystal structures of the active solid component. Commonly used promoters are metallic ions incorporated into metals and metallic oxide catalysts, reducing and oxidizing gases or liquids, and acids and bases added during the reaction or to the catalysts before being used.
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text:
Convention to Ratify the 21st Amendment (1933) Administrative Records
Utah State Archives Series 6300
The 72nd Congress of the United States proposed the 21st amendment to the U.S. Constitution, repealing the 18th amendment and once again legalizing the manufacture and use of liquor. On October 10, 1933, Governor Henry H. Blood called for the election of delegates to a constitutional convention for the purpose of ratifying or rejecting the 21st amendment. The election was held on November 7, and the elected delegates met December 5. The amendment became effective with the ratification of 36 states; Utah was the 36th state to ratify. These records document the activities of the convention.
Finding Aids: A series inventory is available.


Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v3 Administration Guide
Log File
Enterprise Server log records are captured in the server log. The server log is named server.log by default and is typically located in domain-dir/logs. You can change the default name or location of the server log by using the Administration Console.
In addition to the server log, the domain-dir/logs directory contains the following additional logs:
When the server log reaches the specified size in bytes, the log is rotated and renamed with a timestamp name to server.log_date, where date is the date and time that the file was rotated. You can also rotate this log manually by following instructions in Rotating the Server Log.
Enterprise Server log records follow a uniform format:
An example log record might look like this:
system.core|_ThreadID=13;|CORE5004: Resource Deployed:
The Administration Console presents log records in a more readable display.


Video Production
Work Flow
Pay 50% ➤➤ Coordinate via email/ whatsapp/ viber/ call ➤➤ Gather Request with client via above channel ➤➤ Assign to Designer ➤➤ Sharing the visual of the Artwork ➤➤ Coordinate with assign Designer with client ➤➤ Generate final output➤➤
Balance Payment
What are the stages of Video Production In Srilanka?
The Three Phases Of Video Production. There are three main processes to putting a video together: pre-production, filming and editing. Pre-production is when ideas are brought together into a cohesive plan and the goals and objectives of your video are established.
What is video post production?
In digital video, photography, television and film, postproduction refers to the tasks that must be completed or executed after the filming or shooting ends. … Postproduction is the third and final step in film creation. It follows the pre-production and production phases.
Why is Video Production In Srilanka editing so important?
Video editing is important because it is the key to blending images and sounds to make us feel emotionally connected and sometimes truly there in the film we're watching. It's a safe assumption to say that video editing is among the most important jobs in the film industry.
What is audio and video production?
As an audio or video production engineer you'll work for radio or television broadcasters, recording or film studios, schools, concert and live event producers, and companies that hold meetings or conventions. Here are some of the tasks you'll perform: Set up and operate audio and video equipment.
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text:
Details for Benchmark: MC1018
N 41° 32.600 W 083° 15.583 (NAD 83)
Coordinates may not be exact. Altitude is ADJUSTED and location is SCALED. (more info)
- In OTTAWA county, OH View Original Datasheet
- T 316
- Marker Type:
- bench mark disk
- massive structures with deep foundations
- Most reliable and expected to hold position/elevation well.
Benchmarks may be on private property or in dangerous locations. Obey local laws. By using the services on Geocaching.com you agree to this disclaimer.
Documented History (by the NGS)
|01/01/1980 by NGS (MONUMENTED)
|DESCRIBED BY NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY 1980
10.0 KM WNW FROM OAK HARBOR. 9.8 KILOMETERS (6.1 MILES) WEST-NORTHWEST ALONG THE PENN CENTRAL RAILROAD FROM THE CROSSING OF STATE HIGHWAY 19 IN OAK HARBOR, 0.08 KILOMETER (0.05 MILE) EAST OF THE JUNCTION OF GRAYTOWN ROAD IN THE SMALL COMMUNITY OF GRAYTOWN, SET VERTICALLY IN THE SOUTH FACE OF THE SQUARE SHAPED GRAIN ELEVATOR ON THE PROPERTY OF LUCKEY FARMERS INC., 12.8 METERS (42.0 FEET NORTH OF THE NORTH RAIL OF THE MAIN TRACK, 0.3 METER (1 FOOT) WEST OF THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF THE ELEVATOR. THE MARK IS 1.0 M ABOVE GROUND.
- The horizontal coordinates were scaled from a topographic map and have an estimated accuracy of +/- 6 seconds.
- The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in June 1991.
- The geoid height was determined by GEOID99.
- The dynamic height is computed by dividing the NAVD 88 geopotential number by the normal gravity value computed on the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) ellipsoid at 45 degrees latitude (g = _PHONE_ gals.).
- The modeled gravity was interpolated from observed gravity values.


Malachite. Malachite is a Copper Carbonate Hydroxide and it is a semiprecious stone. The origin of the name goes to the ancient Greek word "malakos" or "soft." The color varies from light green to deep green and very rarely to greenish black. Several shades may appear in the pattern of a single stone.
In ancient Egypt, malachite was a symbol of the beginning and continuation of life. This is why the gem has been considered a guard-amulet since ancient times. It is a protector of children and childhood, it relieves nightmares, and it helps aid relaxation.


text:
Financial investors need to understand the impact of both cloud and on-premises infrastructure on financial performance.
Whether evaluating a target or overseeing improvement at an existing portfolio company, financial investors often must consider the requirements for upgrading or establishing new infrastructure and core business applications. In today's IT environment, that means deciding whether to build or maintain the necessary services on premises or buy services in the cloud.
While these decisions can be highly complex, financial investors need to understand the impact of both scenarios on financial performance. This white paper details the shortand long-term investment considerations of on-premises and cloud strategies. It also poses questions to help forecast costs accurately over the investment horizon.
Read the paper to learn:
- The benefits and challenges of the cloud specific to an investment thesis (beyond the basic pros and cons)
- How a cloud-based approach vs. on-premises infrastructure affects EBITDA
- Factors to consider when cost-modeling cloud vs. on premises investment
Please fill out the form below to receive a copy of the paper by email.


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Random positive definite matrix
How can I get a random positive definite (or positive semi definite) matrix of given order? I know that there is a inbuilt function random_matrix with an additional feature algorithm to set with it. But there we can get some special matrices like 'echelon_form', 'orthogonal' ', 'echelonizable', 'diagonalizable'.... but positive definite command is not in built there. Some other important matrix classes are not there. So how to obtain random matrix of those classes?


text: Earth-abundant potassium is a promising alternative to lithium in rechargeable batteries, but a pivotal limitation of potassium-ion batteries is their relatively low capacity and poor cycling stability. Here, a high-performance potassium-ion battery is achieved by employing few-layered antimony sulfide/carbon sheet composite anode fabricated via one-step high-shear exfoliation in ethanol/water solvent. Antimony sulfide with few-layered structure minimizes the volume expansion during potassiation and shortens the ion transport pathways, thus enhancing the rate capability; while carbon sheets in the composite provide electrical conductivity and maintain the electrode cycling stability by trapping the inevitable by-product, elemental sulfur. Meanwhile, the effect of the exfoliation solvent on the fabrication of two-dimensional antimony sulfide/carbon is also investigated. It is found that water facilitates the exfoliation by lower diffusion barrier along the direction of antimony sulfide, while ethanol in the solvent acts as the carbon source for in situ carbonization.


_USER_{NBERw11097, title = "Urban Growth and Housing Supply", author = "Edward L. Glaeser and Joseph Gyourko and Raven E. Saks", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "11097", year = "2005", month = "January", URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Cities are physical structures, but the modern literature on urban economic development rarely acknowledges that fact. The elasticity of housing supply helps determine the extent to which increases in productivity will create bigger cities or just higher paid workers and more expensive homes. In this paper, we present a simple model that provides a framework for doing empirical work that integrates the heterogeneity of housing supply into urban development. Empirical analysis yields results consistent with the implications of the model that differences in the nature of house supply across space are not only responsible for higher housing prices, but also affect how cities respond to increases in productivity.}, }


CUBRID Q&A CUBRID Q&A en Fri, 21 Oct 2011 02:37:10 +0900 Mon, 09 Nov 2015 18:29:29 +0900 XpressEngine Can I deserialise OBJECT types using java.sql.SQLData? lukaseder From what I've learned here, I understand that CUBRID tables (classes) can have columns (attributes) of an OBJECT type, where the concrete OBJECT type is in fact another table (class). This can be visualised with the following query:
select class_name, attr_name, domain_class_name
from db_attribute
where data_type = 'OBJECT';
Which outputs (for instance):
Now, my question is:
How to interpret trigger meta data? vbergmann Hi,
when querying for trigger meta data, e.g. issuing
SELECT * FROM db_trigger
strange codes are returned for db_trigger.owner (e.g. _USER_|1|0) and target_class (e.g. _USER_|8|0). What do they mean?
And more important: How to find out which class/table name the trigger relates to?
Regards, Volker.
Mon, 16 Apr 2012 02:31:48 +0900 triggers OID 17
 2. What is the "_db_attribute" ELO type?
How can I resolve OID's in SQL? lukaseder I've seen that serials have an owner similar to classes, i.e. db_serial.owner seems to relate to users, just like db_class.owner. Unfortunately, db_serial.owner returns an OID, unlike db_class.owner, which shows the user name. How can I resolve that OID in a SQL statement? Or in other words, how can I join db_serial with db_user?
Note, I have seen, that the cubrid manager can do it:
Fri, 30 Mar 2012 02:11:20 +0900 SQL OID 7


If there is a hot runner system implemented in the mold a PID-Controller is used to bring the heater band up to a given temperature.
By controlling the heater band, the temperature at the sensor oscillates around the requested temperature.
Dependent on the choice of P-,I- and D-values reaching the given temperature happens faster or slower.
PID-Controller in Plastic Industry
Hot Runner: The curve of the PID-Controller shows the oscillation of the temperature over time.
Related Topics:
This glossary of plastic industry is provided by PLEXPERT Canada Inc.
Password Strength Very Weak
We do not share your personal details with anyone.


text: Dr. ZhiQiang Chen joined the Civil and Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Missouri-Kansas City in 2010. Chen received a Ph.D. in structural engineering from University of California, San Diego in 2009, where he completed his cross-disciplinary dissertation titled "Identifying Structural Damage from Images." Prior to joining UMKC, he conducted research in nonlinear soil-structure simulation, geotechnical centrifuge modeling, and system identification as a postdoctoral researcher at UCSD. At UMKC, Chen and his research group (_URL_) dedicate to discovering knowledge from complex interactions in constructed structures and developing advanced imaging and computing methodologies for assessing disaster-induced built environment losses. Chen also has interest in applying building information modeling (BIM) in sustainable energy research. Chen currently teaches / is planning to teach courses in structural engineering and computer engineering, including structural analysis, structural dynamics, advanced engineering mathematics, and advanced image understanding.


Classic Mixology: Cocktail & Mixed Drink Recipes
Punch Grassot
(The following recipe was given by M. Grassot, the eminent French comedian of the "Palais Royal," to Mr. Howard Paul, the celebrated "Entertainer," when performing in Paris.)
1 wine-glass brandy
Ingredient: brandy
What it is: Brandy
(More about brandy)
5 drop Curaçao
Ingredient: Curaçao
Also Known As: Curaçoa What it is: Bitters
Substitution: Triple sec
(More about Curaçao)
1 drop acetic acid
Ingredient: acetic acid
Also Known As: ethanoic acid What it is: Additive
An organic acid which gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell.
(More about acetic acid)
2 tea-spoon simple syrup
Ingredient: simple syrup
Also Known As: sugar syrup What it is: Syrup
Simple 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of sugar and water, boiled then cooled. Used an efficient substitute when drinks call for dissolving sugar; has the added benefit of not diluting the drink. Better flavor comes from using raw cane sugar even though it makes darker syrup than very refined white sugar.
(More about simple syrup)
1 tea-spoon strawberry syrup
Ingredient: strawberry syrup
What it is: Syrup
Combination of concentrated strawberry juice and simple (sugar) syrup.
(More about strawberry syrup)
1/4 pint water
Ingredient: water
What it is: Additive
(More about water)
Ingredient: lemon
What it is: Fruit
Common name for Citrus limon.
(More about lemon)
sliced peel
Mix, serve up with ice, in large goblet, and, if possible, garnish the top with a slice of peach or apricot. In cold weather this punch is admirable served hot.


Why objc_msgSend Must be Written in Assembly
Every message send in Objective-C is compiled into a call to objc_msgSend, a function that is called with the arguments as the message sense but with the receiver and the selector as the first two. So the line
[receiver message:foo beforeDate:bar];
will be compiled into to just call a C function:
objc_msgSend(receiver, _USER_(message:beforeDate:), foo, bar);
There are many excellent write-ups on how the method is implemented or how it has evolved over the years, but I'd like to focus on one aspect that I haven't seen given too much attention:
It is not possible to implement objc_msgSend in C, Objective-C, or C++.
The Return Type
Consider the following two lines
NSUInteger n = [array count];
id obj = [array objectAtIndex:6];
which will be compiled as two C function calls.
NSUInteger n = objc_msgSend(array, _USER_(count));
id obj = objc_msgSend(array, _USER_(objectAtIndex:), 6);
However there is no possible function that could actually satisfy both calls. Does it return an NSUInteger or an id?
The above two lines won't even compile. Whoops! Let's cast a slightly better lead.
NSUInteger n = (NSUInteger (*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend(array, _USER_(count));
id obj = (id (*)(id, SEL, NSUInteger))objc_msgSend(array, _USER_(objectAtIndex:), 6);
That's a little gross but at least it compiles. objc_msgSend is publicly available and declared in . If you do call it directly you will have to cast it in exactly this manner to appease the compiler, but how on Earth is objc_msgSend implemented to support multiple return types?! We'll come back to it.
The essence of objc_msgSend is quite simple. Given a receiver and a selector it does as follows:
 - Get the class of the receiver
 - Look for the selector in the method table
 - If found, return it
 - Else look at the superclass and repeat (until there is no superclass)
It's a pretty simply process that just walks up the inheritance hierarchy looking for the function pointer, the IMP, for the given selector. There's caches at each class level, but hey, that's just an implementation detail!
The Arg Types and Count
Once objc_msgSend finds the function pointer it just needs to call it with the given args. What remains is to find a way to call an arbitrary function pointer on some numbers of arguments any set of types. The number of arguments is easy to account for. We could put them into varargs and then call a function with them. But if we did that, every Objective-C method would have to pull its arguments out of varargs in a hidden prologue and that would just be terrible and unnecessary.
In C, calling a function is compiled into instructions for setting up the arguments (putting them in registers or on the stack) and then a jump/call to the address of the function. If we want to support any possible method signature we would have to write a switch statement that contained every possible combination so that we would have the code to properly sets up the arguments for any and every method signature. This simply does not scalable and is not possible.
Unwinding the Call
The solution that objc_msgSend uses comes from the fact that the arguments were setup correctly for the call into objc_msgSend. Said another way, objc_msgSend began with a stack frame and register combination exactly equal to the one that will be needed by the IMP that it finds.
Consider again the line
which needs to setup 3 arguments: the receiver, the selector, and the index. By insisting that the IMP that we find have the same signature we know that just moments ago the world was as we needed! So, once it finds the IMP it puts everything back the way it was (something functions do before returning anyway, called the function epilogue) and then simply jump to the address of that function pointer that was found for the given selector. All the arguments will be setup correctly and the function can go on its merry way.
That IMP will end up correctly setting the return value (on x86 and arm it just gets stored in a specific register, eax/rax or r0, respectively) and we don't have to worry about the return value issue discussed above.
Wrap Up
Taking all of the rambling above and spinning it into a single statement would produce: calling a function in C requires the signature to be known for each call-site at compile-time; doing so at run-time is not possible and so one must drop down into assembly and party there instead.
It was pointed out that objc_msgSend could likely be implemented using the GCC extensions __builtin_apply_args, __builtin_apply, and __builtin_return. This is definitely true and points out the fact that such builtins were necessary to add since the language was not capable of the expressing the behavior on its own. The tricks needed to implement objc_msgSend would be the same tricks needed to implemented those builtins. The point of this writeup was not to get philosophical about what is or is not really C; the point was that objc_msgSend resides in a strange territory in the land of function calling and it felt fun to point out. :D


For example, to open a new read, waiting up to 500msec for an item:
 GET work/t=500/open
 Or to close an existing read and open a new one:
 GET work/close/open
 - DELETE
 Drop a queue, discarding any items in it, and deleting any associated journal files.
 - FLUSH
 Discard all items remaining in this queue. The queue remains live and new items can be added. The time it takes to flush will be linear to the current queue size, and any other activity on this queue will block while it's being flushed.
 Discard all items remaining in all queues. The queues are flushed one at a time, as if kestrel received a FLUSH command for each queue.
 Display the kestrel version in a way compatible with memcache.
 Cleanly shutdown the server and exit.
 Reload the config file and reconfigure all queues. This should have no noticable effect on the server's responsiveness.
 Dump a list of each queue currently known to the server, and list the config values for each queue. The format is:
 queue'master' {
 The last queue will be followed by END on a line by itself.
 Display server stats in memcache style. They're described below.
 Display server stats in a more readable style, grouped by queue. They're described below.
 - MONITOR
 Monitor a queue for a time, fetching any new items that arrive. Clients are queued in a fair fashion, per-item, so many clients may monitor a queue at once. After the given timeout, a separate END response will signal the end of the monitor period. Any fetched items are open transactions (see "Reliable Reads" below), and should be closed with CONFIRM.
 - CONFIRM
 Confirm receipt of count items from a queue. Usually this is the response to a MONITOR command, to confirm the items that arrived during the monitor period.
Reliable reads
Normally when a client removes an item from the queue, kestrel immediately discards the item and assumes the client has taken ownership. This isn't always safe, because a client could crash or lose the network connection before it gets the item. So kestrel also supports a "reliable read" that happens in two stages, using the /open and /close options to GET.
When /open is used, and an item is available, kestrel will remove it from the queue and send it to the client as usual. But it will also set the item aside. If a client disconnects while it has an open read, the item is put back into the queue, at the head, so it will be the next item fetched. Only one item can be "open" per client connection.
A previous open request is closed with /close. The server will reject any attempt to open another read when one is already open, but it will ignore /close if there's no open request, so that you can add /close to every GET request for convenience.
If for some reason you want to abort a read without disconnecting, you can use /abort. But because aborted items are placed back at the head of the queue, this isn't a good way to deal with client errors. Since the error-causing item will always be the next one available, you'll end up bouncing the same item around between clients instead of making progress.
There's always a trade-off: either potentially lose items or potentially receive the same item multiple times. Reliable reads choose the latter option. To use this tactic successfully, work items should be idempotent, meaning the work could be done 2 or 3 times and have the same effect as if it had been done only once (except wasting some resources).
GET dirty_jobs/close/open
(receives job 1)
GET dirty_jobs/close/open
(closes job 1, receives job 2)
Server stats
Global stats reported by kestrel are:
 - uptime - seconds the server has been online
 - time - current time in unix epoch
 - version - version string, like "1.2"
 - curr_items - total of items waiting in all queues
 - total_itmes - total of items that have ever been added in this server's lifetime
 - bytes - total byte size of items waiting in all queues
 - curr_connections - current open connections from clients
 - total_connections - total connections that have been opened in this server's lifetime
 - cmd_get - total GET requests
 - cmd_set - total SET requests
 - cmd_peek - total GET/peek requests
 - get_hits - total GET requests that received an item
 - get_misses - total GET requests on an empty queue
 - bytes_read - total bytes read from clients
 - bytes_written - total bytes written to clients
For each queue, the following stats are also reported:
 - items - items waiting in this queue
 - bytes - total byte size of items waiting in this queue
 - total_items - total items that have been added to this queue in this server's lifetime
 - logsize - byte size of the queue's journal file
 - expired_items - total items that have been expired from this queue in this server's lifetime
 - mem_items - items in this queue that are currently in memory
 - mem_bytes - total byte size of items in this queue that are currently in memory (will always be less than or equal to max_memory_size config for the queue)
 - age - time, in milliseconds, that the last item to be fetched from this queue had been waiting; that is, the time between SET and GET; if the queue is empty, this will always be zero
 - discarded - number of items discarded because the queue was too full
 - waiters - number of clients waiting for an item from this queue (using GET/t)
 - open_transactions - items read with /open but not yet confirmed
Kestrel as a library
You can use kestrel as a library by just sticking the jar on your classpath. It's a cheap way to get a durable work queue for inter-process or inter-thread communication. Each queue is represented by a PersistentQueue object:
class PersistentQueue(val name: String, persistencePath: String,
 _USER_ var config: QueueConfig, timer: Timer,
 queueLookup: Option[(String => Option[PersistentQueue])]) {
and must be initialized before using:
def setup(): Unit
specifying the path for the journal files (if the queue will be journaled), the name of the queue, a QueueConfig object (derived from QueueBuilder), a timer for handling timeout reads, and optionally a way to find other named queues (for expireToQueue support).
To add an item to a queue:
def add(value: Array[Byte], expiry: Option[Time]): Boolean
It will return false if the item was rejected because the queue was full.
Queue items are represented by a case class:
case class QItem(addTime: Time, expiry: Option[Time], data: Array[Byte], var xid: Int)
and several operations exist to remove or peek at the head item:
def peek(): Option[QItem]
def remove(): Option[QItem]
To open a reliable read, set transaction true, and later confirm or unremove the item by its xid:
def remove(transaction: Boolean): Option[QItem]
def unremove(xid: Int)
def confirmRemove(xid: Int)
You can also asynchronously remove or peek at items using futures.
def waitRemove(deadline: Option[Time], transaction: Boolean): Future[Option[QItem]]
def waitPeek(deadline: Option[Time]): Future[Option[QItem]]
When done, you should close the queue:
def close(): Unit
def isClosed: Boolean
Here's a short example:
var queue = new PersistentQueue("work", "/var/spool/kestrel", config, timer, None)
// add an item with no expiration:
queue.add("hello".getBytes, 0)
// start to remove it, then back out:
val item = queue.remove(true)
// remove an item with a 500msec timeout, and confirm it:
queue.waitRemove(500.milliseconds.fromNow, true)() match {
 case None =>
 println("nothing. :(")
 case Some(item) =>
 println("got: " + new String(
Jump to Line
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Family name(s) JOHNSON
Given name(s) Mary
Alternate name(s)
Sex Female
Occupation No trade recorded
Age when departed England 23
Trial date 26 April 1786
Trial place Old Bailey London
Crimes Stealing material
Value of crimes 20 shillings
Original sentence Transportation
Transported for 7 years
Ship Prince of Wales
Date left colony
Date of Death December 1806
Partner in the original crime, which involved shoplifting, was Elizabeth Cole.Lived with Capt Meredith, giving birth to their child, who returned to England with his father leaving behind Mary, pregnant with Meredith's daughter.


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7 green things our grandparents did
Bucket for collecting rain water
Photo: Chrysaora/Flickr
5 of 9
'Rain, rain, don't go away'
Here's another commonsense green lesson to take away from our grandparents' time. Rain is free. We pay for water. Why not collect free rainwater and slash the water bill? A rain barrel will save most homeowners about 1,300 gallons of water during the peak summer months. Also, diverting water from storm drains can alleviate stressed water systems and conserve limited resources, especially if you live in an arid climate. For an easy primer on rain barrels and how to make your own, check this out.


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I was at a lecture yesterday and there was a demo of a van de graff generator. He held the smaller metal globe which is attached by a wire, about 4cm from the main globe. This created a spark between the two globes. At the same time the spark happened the speakers in the hall would click loudly, the projector (on the other side of the room) would turn yellow and the text moved down, then flashed black and back to normal. And the plasma globe that was next to the van de graff generator which was switched off (but on at the wall) would briefly turn on.
Is it possible for a spark to do that? Or is there something else happening at the same time?
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Ever heard about Hertz, Marconi? – Georg Oct 21 '11 at 15:28
1 Answer 1
The spark is part of a larger system that includes the two globes and the electrical system for generating a charge on the two globes, without which the spark wouldn't happen, but yes. The spark generates electromagnetic radiation at lots of frequencies, including light, but there will also be radio waves at lower frequencies, and there will be ultraviolet and even soft x-rays at higher frequencies. The intensity of the different frequencies from a given spark will depend on how long the spark is and the properties of the gas surrounding it.
The lower frequency electromagnetic waves that are generated by the spark can induce currents in any electrical circuits that are near enough to the Van de Graaff generator, which will cause different effects in different circuits, some of which you saw and heard. You could try repeating the experiment across different lengths to see how the different effects change, with which you can measure some of the electrical properties of the different circuits.
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Recalling the Lucas Plan: what can an old movement for socially useful production tell us about democratising technology today?
SPRU Wednesday Seminar 5th February 2014, room G22, Jubilee Building, University of Sussex
Speaker: Adrian Smith; Discussant: Johan Schot
It is thirty-eight years since a movement for 'socially useful production' pioneered practical approaches for more democratic technology development. Of course, the world is different now. Nevertheless, remembering older initiatives casts enduring issues about the direction of technological development in society in a different and informative light: an issue relevant today in debates as varied as industrial policy, green and solidarity economies, and grassroots digital fabrication. It was in January 1976 that workers at Lucas Aerospace published an Alternative Plan for the future of their corporation. Archive film is available here:
The plan was a novel response to management announcements that thousands of manufacturing jobs were to be cut in the face of industrial restructuring, international competition, and technological change. Instead of redundancy, workers argued their right to socially useful production. Rejected by management and government, the Plan's arguments attracted workers from other sectors, community activists, radical scientists, environmentalists, and the Left. The Plan became symbolic for a movement of activists committed to innovation for purposes of social use over private profit. With hindsight, the movement was swimming against the political and economic tide, but at the time things looked less clear-cut, and some of their ideas did prove influential. Recalling the movement now, what is striking is the importance activists attached to practical engagements in technology development as part of their politics. We will discuss the relevance today of old questions connecting tacit knowledge and participatory prototyping to the political economy of technology development.


text:
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Religious Studies: The Key Concepts
By Carl Olson
Published September 15th 2010 by Routledge – 320 pages
Series: Routledge Key Guides
Religious Studies: The Key Concepts is an accessible, A-Z resource, defining and explaining key terms and ideas central to the study of religion. Exploring broad and recurring themes which are applicable in both eastern and western religions, cross-cultural examples are provided for each term to give a comprehensive overview of the subject. Subjects covered include:
With cross referencing and further reading provided throughout, this book provides an inclusive map of the discipline, and is an essential reference for all students, academics and researchers.
Preface List of Key Concepts Religion and Religious Studies: An Introduction Key Concepts Bibliography
Carl Olson is Professor of Religious Studies at Allegheny College where he has held the National Endowment for the Humanities Chair and the Teacher-Scholar Professorship of the Humanities. He is currently a permanent fellow of Clare Hall, University of Cambridge


text:
A violin plot is a statistical graphic for comparing probability distributions. It is similar to a box plot, with the addition of a rotated kernel density plot on each side.
The violin plot was proposed in 1997 by Jerry L. Hintze and Ray D. Nelson as a way to display even more information than box plots, which were created by John Tukey in 1977. The name comes from the plot's alleged resemblance to a violin.
Violin plots are similar to box plots, except that they also show the probability density of the data at different values, usually smoothed by a kernel density estimator. A violin plot will include all the data that is in a box plot: a marker for the median of the data; a box or marker indicating the interquartile range; and possibly all sample points, if the number of samples is not too high.
While a box plot shows a summary statistics such as mean/median and interquartile ranges, the violin plot shows the full distribution of the data. The violin plot can be used in multimodal data (more than one peak). In this case a violin plot shows the presence of different peaks, their position and relative amplitude.
Like box plots, violin plots are used to represent comparison of a variable distribution (or sample distribution) across different "categories" (for example, temperature distribution compared between day and night, or distribution of car prices compared across different car makers).
A violin plot can have multiple layers. For instance, the outer shape represents all possible results. The next layer inside might represent the values that occur 95% of the time. The next layer (if it exists) inside might represent the values that occur 50% of the time.
Violin plots are less popular than box plot. Violin plots may be harder to understand for readers not familiar with them. In this case, a more accessible alternative is to plot a series of stacked histograms or kernel density plots.
The original meaning of "violin plot" was a combination of a box plot and a two-sided kernel density plot. However, currently "violin plots" are sometimes understood just as two-sided kernel density plots, without a box plot or any other elements.


text: This spring, GCPS students will participate in the state's Georgia Milestones assessment program. Students in grades 3-8 will take End of Grade (EOG) assessments in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics while students in grades 5 and 8 also are assessed in science and social studies. Gwinnett students in grades 3–8 will participate in the End of Grade assessment between April 17 and April 28. During the testing window, Gwinnett students in grades 3, 4, 6, and 7 will test on four days— two for mathematics and two for ELA— for approximately one hour on any given day. Students in grades 5 and 8 will test for 60 to 90 minutes on six separate days— two for math, two for ELA, one for science, and one for social studies. The window for End of Course (EOC) assessments for designated high school courses is April 26 to May 12. The tested courses are 9th Grade Literature and Composition, 11th Grade American Literature and Composition, Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, Physical Scienc, U.S. History, and Economics. Online, families can find tips for supporting their student at test time and, if needed, ways to help a student manage test anxiety. Online, families can find tips for supporting their student at test time and, if needed, ways to help a student manage test anxiety.


text:
Indigenous population at risk from Taser rollout: academics
The continuing rollout of electric stun-guns to Australian police has raised concerns that Indigenous Australians will be over-represented as targets of the controversial technology.
Academics also say that research into the physical harm these weapons inflict is inadequate because the guns are tested on healthy people in controlled environments.
Front-line police officers in Western Australian and the Northern Territory are now being issued with the stun-guns, known as Tasers.
Tasers, which deliver up to 50,000-volt electrical pulses over five seconds to immobilise people, are also due to be introduced across Queensland police services from July.
In South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, Tasers are restricted to use by special response teams.
The latest three jurisdictions to adopt the Tasers have Australia's highest Aboriginal populations.
Professor Chris Cunneen, a criminologist at the University of New South Wales, says Indigenous Australians are always over-represented as the victims of new public-order policing policy.
"We would expect that it will be Aboriginal people that [Tasers] are used against," said Professor Cunneen, from the university's law faculty.
Professor Cunneen says the introduction of capsicum spray is a good precedent for extrapolating the future use of Tasers.
"Capsicum spray was introduced in the framework that it would be used in exceptional circumstances," he said.
"But it has become relied on in a way that is more routine."
Professor Cunneen is also concerned the below-average health of many Indigenous Australians means a taser incident could take a greater toll.
"You would imagine the cardiovascular and health issues Aboriginal people face would raise concerns," he said.
"The testing [of Tasers] has been done on healthy people and in controlled environments. But that's not the way it's used."
He says safety procedures for less-than-lethal technologies often get "pushed by the wayside" in operational environments.
Associate Professor Jude McCulloch, a criminologist in the Faculty of Arts at Monash University, supports his view.
"Less-than-lethal technologies are used often disproportionately on marginalised and criminalised groups," she said.
"And in Australia that would be the Indigenous population."
She says the lack of research on Tasers' impact on victims in agitated or over-stimulated states means such targets are in effect "guinea pigs".
Professor McCulloch says new technologies, such as Tasers and capsicum spray, are often justified on "the basis they be used as an alternative to firearms".
"[But] we know from the US [the Taser] doesn't have an impact on the number of occasions when lethal force is used," she said.
Instead she says Tasers are often used to make suspects comply with a police order.
'Fill the gap'
One of Professor McCulloch's doctoral students is investigating Taser use in Australia and says she hopes this work will start to "fill the gap" in research.
She says there is little independent research into the electric stun-gun and that much US research is compromised by its relationship to manufacturers of the technology.
The lack of research into the effects of the stun-gun on people in agitated states was highlighted to police by an Australian researcher almost four years ago.
A 2004 paper commissioned by Victoria Police says Taser testing has been limited to "fit and healthy people with normal heart rate and blood pressure".
The manager of biomedical engineering at the Alfred Hospital, John Southwell, says the tests are not conclusive enough.
"None of the large-scale studies examines the effects on an aggravated/violent person who may have high heart rate and blood pressure conditions, abnormal heart conditions and/or low skin impedance due to high perspiration," he said.
Colonel Andy Mazzara, director of the US Institute for Non-Lethal Defense Technologies at Pennsylvania State University, says the effectiveness of Tasers makes them "extremely popular within the law enforcement community".
However, he says there is concern in the US about the number of Taser-associated deaths.
Colonel Mazzara says studies have been done recently or are underway to better understand the biological factors or mechanisms that might contribute to such deaths.
"Many times, the individual has been overweight, on drugs, or had a pre-existing medical condition," he said.
There have also been some so-called secondary-effect situations where a person might have fallen to the ground and hurt themselves.
In response to these concerns, the US National Institute of Justice has commissioned a study into the impact of "conducted energy devices" on in-custody deaths.
The two-year study is reviewing each US death reportedly due to a stun-gun, with interim findings due to be released later this month.


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Random text generator, this is a cool tool, although the tool will not be used by many people, usually used for typesetting presentations and web design (also typesetting). We have collected common words in 16 languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Polish, Portugese, Russian, Serbian, Spanish). These words are words that are correctly used in various languages. This generator generates a medium-length (300-600 words) random text by default, in plain text format.
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text:
Singapore American School
Singapore American School is a non-profit, independent, co-educational day school located in the Woodlands area of Singapore. It offers an American-based curriculum for students in preschool through high school.
Singapore American School identified a need to enhance the customer experience for new and existing parents of students at the school.
Collective Campus delivered a customer experience engagement that focused on two key areas:
1. Development of customer personas: Together with key stakeholders, we developed customer personas capturing all the information considered important to know from a Customer Experience perspective (eg. interests, concerns, needs/wants, channels).
2. Mapping of future customer experience journeys: Singapore American School is in the midst of a transformation that includes the development of a brand new Welcome Centre for parents. We developed future customer journeys that mapped all the key touch points and opportunities to WOW parents during the journey. In addition, a Design Thinking session was delivered that included a focused ideation session to brainstorm ideas to help provide a memorable experience for parents.
The key stakeholders from Singapore American School achieved the following outcomes:
- Understanding of how design thinking can be applied to education to generate insights, identify ideas and build prototypes
- Aligned understanding of the importance of customer experience in the education landscape
- Development of three key parent personas
- Identification of key parent needs and wants to help drive a common customer experience vision for Singapore American School
- Understanding of Design Thinking and the power of the approach in education
- Interviewing of real parents to gain key customer insights
- Development of two future customer journeys for the Welcome Centre
- Ideation exercise identifying over 80 ideas to help provide a memorable experience for new and existing families at the Welcome Centre
- Prioritisation of ideas based on Cost vs. Impact


text:
Molar heat capacity
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Molar heat capacity is a measurable physical quantity that characterizes the ability of a mole to explode (or, in scientific terms, asplode.) It is defined as the rate of change of temperature as heat is added to a mole's body at the given conditions and state of the body (usually its temperature).
In the International System of Units, heat capacity is expressed in units of Julie's per Kelvin. And, as we all know, the average Kelvin likes him some Julie's! It is termed an "expensive quantity" because it is sensitive to the size of the object's wallet. Dividing heat capacity by the moles body's mass yields a specific heat capacity (also called mole-specific heat capacity or more loosely mole in heat), which is an "insensitive quantity," meaning it is no longer dependent on how much the mole likes you, which is good, as you're about to blow him up.
Please review the first paragraph.
edit Explanation of the Formula
Where equals the number of times the cheerleader dumps on Kelvin and where equals Dr. Kelvin's body temperature at maximum embarrassment and where shows that a mole is better than a rat and where is the whole point of the exercise.
is what we solve for, usually by eating the freshly asploded mole.
Dr. Kelvin, renowned temperature scientist discovered Molar Heat Capacity, mostly by accident. It is well understood that Dr. Kelvin discovered Absolute Zero in relation to his studies of cheerleaders and their reactions to him. The hottest of the cheerleaders (in scientific terms, of course) had a pet mole. After rejecting Dr. Kelvin in front of the whole gym class, Dr. Kelvin vowed revenge. After a few days in the cafeteria, he was ready.
edit Dr. Kelvin is Ready
Converting one of the microwave ovens into a portable microwave gun, Dr. Kelvin took careful aim at Julie's pet mole. As a scientist, he was careful to note the settings he used on the rodent. With the gun set to pop popcorn, the mole asploded beautifully. Julie was left covered in mole haggis and Dr. Kelvin was voted Most Likely to Asplode Things.
Word of this discovery spread throughout the scientific research community. Several different organizations used this information.
The CIA, due to an excess of experimentation, came up with several postulates on how mole's explode. Since larger moles have more mass, they require more and more energy, in the form of microwaves, to asplode, However, when large moles are detonated the ensuing asplosion is that much more brilliant and orgasmic.
MI6, being more reserved and British, focused on mole density as a solution. The younger a mole is, the more dense it is, that is because when things get old, the get wrinkly n' stuff, so they take up more space. As a mole gets denser, it becomes more difficult to aspolde, but the asplosion is so much more bloody and satisfying.
With their abundance of Microwaved Meat Technology, KFC is uniquely positioned to take advantage of Molar Heat Capacity research. As yet no findings have been forthcoming from KFC, it is hoped that moles might soon replace chicken on their menu.
edit Home Experiments
Though the average person does not have access to Dr. Kelvin's enormous research grants, his enormous brain, or Julie's enormous research funding, they can perform a few simple experiments with molar heat capacity.
First take an old microwave oven, then bash open the door. Attach a long extension cord, long enough to reach the girl next door. Take your new device over to her house, and call her Julie. She'll probably get mad, unless her name IS Julie. At this point, you must turn it ON. Some people miss this step and get mad. After the micowave has been on for a few minutes, you will hear a series of loud pops coming from behind Julie. Then you know you killed the moles on her back.


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A crowd awaits a ship at Station Pier, Port Melbourne.
Source: Italian Historical Society - Co.As.It.
Find out why this landmark has become such an evocative symbol of Victoria's immigration history.
Station Pier is one of Australia's longest operating passenger piers. It holds iconic significance in Victoria's heritage, and is particularly significant to Victoria's post-war immigrants for whom it is an ongoing symbol of their arrival and the start of their new life.
The exhibition provides an historical overview of Station Pier, including its early days as Railway Pier in the 1850s, and its upgrade in the 1920s in response to the growing needs of the city and port of Melbourne.


Quick Answer: What Causes Stress In Police Officers?
What are the effects of police stress?
The findings reveal that police officers experience daily psychological stress that puts them at an increased risk of various long-term health effects that may include cardiovascular disease, obesity, suicide, sleeplessness and cancer..
Can police officers have PTSD?
New studies have shown that police officers suffer symptoms indicative of PTSD at a similar rate as veterans of the military. Between seven and 19 percent of police officers exhibit symptoms of PTSD, compared to 3.5% of the general public. By and large, police officers suffer from cumulative PTSD.
What is the meaning of police personnel?
Definition. Police personnel refers to permanent, full-time equivalents of police officers and other support; part-time employees are converted to full-time equivalents (e. g.
What causes PTSD in police officers?
What do you consider the five most stressful aspects of work in law enforcement?
(2014) found that physical threats, lack of support, and organizational pressure were the highest ranked stressors. Collins and Gibbs (2003) found that the police organizational culture and an officer's workload were the highest ranked stressors.
How police can reduce and manage stress?
Law enforcement officers can reduce stress by: Planning meals and making healthy eating choices. Stop eating high-calorie fast food. Scheduling vacations and personal downtime.
What challenges do police officers face?
Law enforcement officers are exposed to disease and infected evidence and must take necessary precautions or risk being infected with AIDS, hepatitis B, or tuberculosis. Other dangers include the stress and fatigue of police work.
What are police officer hours?
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers work a minimum of 40 hours a week. They may work night patrol and often work on weekends and holidays. In addition, Officers are often required to be on-call. Some agencies offer a work schedule where Officers work 10-hour shifts, four days a week.
What types of stress do police officers deal with?
What are qualities of a police officer?
What are the three types of stresses?
Stress is the force applied to a rock and may cause deformation. The three main types of stress are typical of the three types of plate boundaries: compression at convergent boundaries, tension at divergent boundaries, and shear at transform boundaries.
What is police burnout?
What is the average life expectancy of a police officer?
A 2013 study published by the National Institutes of Health found the average life expectancy of a police officer to be 57, almost 22 years younger than the general population.
What are common signs and symptoms of police officer burnout?
Which is a major problem associated with police stress and burnout?
Police Stress and Burnout Issues associated with police stress are alcohol abuse, family problems, and suicide.


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Are there different kinds of design problems? According to Brown and Chandrasekaran (1989), Class 1 design problems are open-ended, non-routine creative activities where the goals are ill-structured, and there is no effective design plan specifying the sequence of actions to take in producing a design model. Class 2 problems use existing, well-developed design and decomposition plans (e.g. designing a new automobile). Class 3 designs are routine where design and decomposition plans are known as well as customary actions taken to deal with failures (e.g., writing a computer program). Jonassen (2011) argued that problems vary in terms of structuredness, complexity, and context. On the structuredness and complexity continua, design problems tend to be the most ill-structured and complex. Brown and Chandrasekaran suggest that design problems may vary along a continuum from well-structured to ill-structured, depending upon the context in which they are solved. In formal, school contexts, design problems are often more constrained, allowing many fewer degrees of freedom in their representations, processes, or solutions and are therefore more well-structured.
Jonassen, David H., "Design Problems for Secondary Students" (2011). Publications. Paper 164.


The 2020 Production Assistant Jobs Report
We surveyed different production assistant jobs to better understand the current state of the industry for career seekers.
So if you've been looking for how to get a film production assistant job and profit from the movie industry, this article is for you.
In this report you'll learn:
 - How much production assistants earn.
 - Duties and responsibilities of a production assistant.
 - Basic skills, education, and certification required to become a production assistant.
 - Why people decide to become production assistants.
 - Lots more.
So without further ado, let's get right in.
Who is a Production Assistant (PA)?
A production assistant is a member of a film crew usually attached to individual actors or filmmakers to carry out odd jobs and support tasks in the process of production.
Production assistant jobs are basically entry-level jobs within the film production industry. It is the first step to a long career in Hollywood and movie production in general.
PAs do the jobs that no one else wants to do in a movie production set!
Here's a shortlist of some odd jobs a production assistant could be assigned to do:
 - Organizing food or catering
 - Making copies of movie scripts
 - Managing paperwork (contracts, scripts, timesheets, etc.)
 - Controlling crowds and fans
 - Answering important phone calls
 - Moving equipment around
 - Transporting casts and crews between locations
 - Many more…
Why Do People Decide to Become Production Assistants?
film production assistant job
From our recent survey, we were able to discover the following as major reasons why people decide to become production assistants:
1. The Love of Media
Most people aim at getting a production assistant job just because they are passionate about a particular medium (movie, TV or radio).
Randolph Bookman once stated in his article titled: Being a Production Assistant that:
It was a love of the film industry that drew him closer to his job as a film production assistant.
Randy is now a producer/production manager known for his works on Forced Alliance (2007), Poseidon (2006) and Terminator 3 (2003).
2. Connecting with Talents
Becoming a production assistant creates an opportunity to connect with top celebrities in the film production industry.
And it doesn't have to be all about connecting with celebrities!
Production assistants also have the chance to work with leading film producers and directors.
3. Learning the Craft
This is one of the major reasons why people decide to take-up production assistant jobs.
The willingness to view the job as a hand-on education is a huge advantage for every production assistant.
4. Union Benefits
Randy also pointed out that the job of a production assistant is part of a union with strong benefits attached, and protection against termination without cause.
Also, a production assistant may earn some residual income especially on movies or shows that earn a significant income.
Working as a production assistant is a great way to get to know all the various departments on a movie set and figure out what a person wants to do. It's also an excellent way to finally getting hired in those departments.
No matter what you think, there's little glory attached for being a production assistant.
But, is it really that easy to get a production assistant job?
Basic Skills and Requirements to Become a Production Assistant
The good news about production assistant jobs is that they are all entry-level positions and require the least number of years of experience.
Education, Certification, and Training
Production assistant jobs don't necessarily require a particular educational background or qualification.
But in order to be a bit ahead of your other job applicants, you may require an associate's or bachelor's degree with classes like theater, television and film production, communications, or an artistic field such as graphic design or costume would be helpful.
But basically, the minimal level of education you may require is a high school diploma or GED.
While working as a production assistant, you can work to prepare yourself for a better position. You can take up other side-gigs like working for your college radio station, local television stations or signup for internship programs.
You can also learn more about the movie industry business by participating in production assistant boot camps.
All these will help to expand your knowledge of filmmaking and learn how to handle different positions in the industry.
Required Skills
Although your level of education isn't a major criterion when applying for a production assistant job, recruiters still lookout for certain skills to qualify an applicant.
These skills include:
1. A good listener
Normally speaking, no employer likes to have to repeat themselves. So, for you to become a production assistant you must be a really good listener at all times, listening to the directions you are given.
2. Responsibility
Production assistants are really easy to replace.
So for you to retain your production assistant job, you must be really hardworking and try as much as possible not to be late and lazy at work.
3. Social skills
Surprisingly, this is one of the most important parts of a production assistant's job description.
Anyone working in the entertainment or film industry will at some point of his career comes to deal with some eccentric personalities. And for production assistant jobs, you need to be extra kind, polite and hospitable.
You also need to have confidence in yourself not to back down just because a director tries to bully you.
Your social skills will also be helpful in getting new jobs and moving your career up the ladder.
The movie industry is more about who you know to help you move forward. So, you will need to really put yourself out there, attend networking events, join as many Facebook groups as possible just to create a reliable network for your future gigs.
4. Always willing to learn
Production assistants are there to help and not become an obstacle to the completion of a film production process. Do as much as you can to learn more about every job on the set without getting in the way.
You are there as a production assistant both to help and to learn. Be open-minded to whatever you're asked to do on the set.
5. Patience
You must understand that it takes time to grow. And once you're the best at what you do, someone will definitely notice you.
N.B: A driver's license and clean driving record may be required of you because production assistant jobs often require you to make deliveries and run errands.
Production Assistant Jobs Economic & Career Outlook
movie production assistant role
Most production assistant jobs are typically short-term and lack any benefit or raise.
According to
"The average salary production assistants earn as of May 31, 2019, is $31,404. The job may last a few days or extend several months, all depending on the type of production."
Production assistants are usually paid by the week, with daily pay between $150 – $250, all depending on the job and your level of experience.
TV series and other returning shows may have the most potential for a longer-term of employment and promotion from within.
Production assistants can expect to work long hours, nights and even weekends. Set-based production assistants tied to a production schedule usually work hours that are typically more erratic.
The average work-time for a production assistant job is 10-12 hours daily.
How to Apply for Production Assistant Jobs?
Production assistant jobs are available anywhere in the country, but most opportunities can be found in Los Angeles and New York City.
You can get updated on production assistant job openings from sites like:
The same questions often come up during a production assistant job interview. You can prepare by reading these questions and getting acquainted with the best answers for them.
Film Production Assistant Job Alternatives?
Some production assistant career alternatives include the following:
Producer & Director
According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics:
The projected growth for employment positions of producer and director positions from 2016-2028 is 5%, which is faster than average.
The average salary of producers and directors is $71,680, though some producers and directors may earn portions from ticket sales.
Producers and directors working in advertising and public relations usually earn top wages than those just performing the arts.
Announcers are in charge of presenting news, music, and sports updates. They also interview guests and help to provide commentary.
Another report by the BLS shows that:
There's an expected decline for employment positions for announcers from 2016-2028 by 5%.
The average salary announcers earn is $31,990.
Being a production assistant, there are countless other job opportunities available for you. You may ultimately land into other jobs like a costume attendant which pays an average salary of $41,190.
Wrapping Up
I hope this survey helped you get a better understanding of how the production assistant job industry feels like in 2019.
And now I'd love to hear from you:
What did you really learn from today's survey?
Or maybe you have a question that has been bothering you from what you just read. Either way, feel free to leave a comment below with your thoughts and I'd be happy to get back to you.
2 thoughts on "The 2020 Production Assistant Jobs Report"
Comments are closed.


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Is pollution harmful to cyclists?
According to a new Inserm study published in January 2021, pollution is more harmful to cyclists and pedestrians than to motorists.
A number of studies in recent years have claimed that car drivers are more exposed to air pollution than users of open-air transport, including cyclists.
However, these studies only recorded pollutants captured in a static position at the level of the airways, without analysing the impact of physical effort on their inhalation. However, as soon as a person performs a physical activity, such as cycling or walking, their ventilation increases, which naturally increases the quantity of pollutants inhaled. The faster and harder you breathe, the more fine particles you breathe in. So if the concentration is higher in a car or tram, the amount of pollutants actually breathed in is much higher when cycling or walking.
A team of scientists led by Basile Chaix, director of research at Inserm, within the Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (Inserm/Sorbonne University), therefore looked at the impact of these parameters on exposure to soot carbon, an air pollutant produced by road traffic, in 283 participants over 6 days each. By taking into account the minute ventilation of each person in each segment of travel (estimated by means of an accelerometer measuring physical activity), the dose of soot carbon inhaled by the participants during each journey could be quantified.
The idea is not to ban or limit cycling or walking, but to alert once again to the urgent need to decarbonise cities by providing more space for soft mobility and reducing fine particle emissions.
How to protect cyclists from pollution?
In the meantime, wearing an anti-pollution mask like Frogmask is still a useful way to protect your airways. Frogmask's FFP2 filters filter particles down to 0.4µm and its unique fastening system behind the neck and ears makes it very comfortable to wear even for several hours a day.


Leicester attacked by Prince Rupert
(71 words)
Historical Context Note
Prince Rupert of the Rhine, King Charles' nephew, made his attack on Leicester at the end of May 1645 primarily as a divisionary tactic. The Parliamentarians had attacked Oxford, one of Charles's strongholds, and Rupert decided to attack the Midlands town of Leicester to draw forces away from Oxford. The Royalists used their artillery to bombard the city walls, and after successfully breaching the walls, they took the city with little difficulty.
Related Groups
 1. English Civil War


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Developmental Psychology: Cognitive development · Development of the self · Emotional development · Language development · Moral development · Perceptual development · Personality development · Psychosocial development · Social development · Developmental measures
A comfort object is an item used to provide psychological comfort, especially in unusual or unique situations or at bedtime for small children. Though many toddlers prefer a teddy bear or doll, a stuffed animal, a favorite blanket, or even a toy such as a dump truck could be a comfort object at some stages, as the notion is that the familiarity of said object will help the child feel better, go to sleep faster, or feel less stress in a new situation.
Comfort objects are very common among toddlers and preschool aged children, and while some give them up soon after entering school, the age at which one no longer needs a comfort object varies, as does the time one might need one. Some teenagers have been known to still sleep with comfort objects, though they will probably not talk to them as a small child might. Even adults can use comfort objects at times, as elderly people in nursing homes have been known to be comforted after being given a stuffed bear or doll. The theory is that this reminds them of the more serene moments of childhood.
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Figure 9-4.-The Bourdon gauge.
The Bourdon gauge is shown in figure 9-4. It
works on the same principle as that of the snakelike,
paper party whistle you get at a New Year party,
which straightens when you blow into it.
Within the Bourdon gauge is a thin-walled metal
tube, somewhat flattened and bent into the form of a
C. Attached to its free end is a lever system that
magnifies any motion of the free end of the tube. On
the fixed end of the gauge is a fitting you thread into
a boiler system. As pressure increases within the
boiler, it travels through the tube. Like the snakelike
paper whistle, the metal tube begins to straighten as
the pressure increases inside of it. As the tube
straightens, the pointer moves around a dial that
indicates the pressure in psi.
The Bourdon gauge is a highly accurate but
rather delicate instrument. You can easily damage it.
In addition, it malfunctions if pressure varies rapidly.
This problem was overcome by the development of
another type of gauge, the Schrader. The Schrader
gauge (fig. 9-5) is not as accurate as the Bourdon, but
it is sturdy and suitable for ordinary hydraulic
pressure measurements. It is especially suitable for
In the Schrader gauge, liquid pressure actuates
a piston. The pressure moves up a cylinder against
the resistance of a spring, carrying a bar or indicator
with it over a calibrated scale. The operation of this
gauge eliminates the need for cams, gears, levers,
The diaphragm gauge gives sensitive and
reliable indications of small pressure differences. We
use the diaphragm gauge to measure the air pressure
in the space between inner and outer boiler casings.
In this type of gauge, a diaphragm connects to a
pointer through a metal spring and a simple linkage
system (fig. 9-6). One side of the diaphragm is
exposed to the pressure being measured, while the
other side is exposed to the pressure of the
atmosphere. Any increase in the pressure line moves
the diaphragm upward against the spring, moving
the pointer to a higher reading. When the pressure
decreases, the spring moves the diaphragm
downward, rotating the pointer to a lower reading.
Thus, the position of the pointer is balanced between
the pressure pushing the diaphragm upward and the
spring action pushing down. When the gauge reads 0,
the pressure in the line is equal to the outside air
MEASURING AIR PRESSURE
To the average person, the chief importance of
weather is reference to it as an introduction to
general conversation. At sea and in the air, advance
knowledge of what the weather will do is a matter of