2:57 am
Fri August 17, 2012
Swarming Up A Storm: Why Animals School And Flock
Originally published on Fri August 17, 2012 11:06 am
By tricking live fish into attacking computer-generated "prey," scientists have learned that animals like birds and fish may indeed have evolved to swarm together to protect themselves from the threat of predators.
"Effectively, what we're doing here is we're getting predatory fish to play a video game," says Iain Couzin, who studies collective animal behavior at Princeton University. "And through playing that game, through seeing which virtual prey items they attack, we can get a very deep understanding of as to how behavioral interactions among prey affect their survival."
It has long been assumed that the schooling behavior of fish and the flocking behavior of birds evolved in part because it helps protect individuals from being attacked by predators, says Couzin. "But in actual fact there is surprisingly little direct evidence."
That's because it's been hard to come up with experiments that could test how different kinds of group behavior affect predation risk. "It is very hard to manipulate the behavior of, say, a bird flock and then see what effect it has on a falcon. That's virtually impossible," says Christos Ioannou at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom.
Together with colleague Vishwesha Guttal, they decided to see if they could create a virtual population of pretend fish that would look convincingly real to a predator.
The predator they selected was the bluegill sunfish. They went to a local lake with nets, collected a bunch of them, and took the fish back to the lab.
"The nice thing about bluegill sunfish is they're generalist predators. They will tend to hunt pretty much anything that's alive and in the environment that's smaller than them," says Couzin. "And so we don't need to train them to attack our virtual prey."
The prey were little dots of light projected onto a transparent film on the inside of the tank. On the computer screen, the dots look red, but the projected images look white or slightly pink. "To the fish they look very much like little zooplankton, little creatures that live in the water body that move around, that we know group together in the natural environment," says Couzin.
The predatory fish would hover near a dot, and then strike — only to get a mouthful of nothing.
The computer-generated prey items were each programmed to follow a different set of rules for behavior. For example, some were strongly attracted to others and wanted to be close to them. Others preferred to go off on their own. And others would match their direction of travel with whoever was nearby.
The researchers kept track of which individuals got attacked, and programmed the system so that those individuals' behaviors were less likely to be transmitted to the next generation of prey. "And so we could actually allow our virtual population to evolve the strategies that best avoid being attacked by real predators," says Couzin.
What they learned is that in response to the attacks, the virtual prey spontaneously formed groups that not only aggregate but move together.
"I think it's the first evidence that this coordinated behavior we see in bird flocks and fish schools, where individuals are really highly coordinated in the direction they're heading, has an anti-predatory effect," says Ioannou. "To our knowledge that's the first time it's been done in a really clear, experimental way."
The results are published in the journal Science.
Couzin says that his lab is continuing to develop the technology to do more sophisticated tests. They're adding a new projection system that allows the virtual prey to appear to move in three dimensions, and an eye-tracking technology for the fish that would give the virtual prey some real-time information about the predator's intentions.
"These prey can now respond to the predator, they can now avoid the predator," says Couzin, "and so we've really taken this technology much, much further, allowing us to continue exploring this integration of the real and the virtual worlds."
Copyright 2012 National Public Radio. To see more, visit
Animals - fish, birds, mammals, often congregate in huge groups that move together. No one really knows why. But it's long been thought that gathering in these flocks, schools and herds help protect animals from being eaten by predators.
NPR's Nell Greenfieldboyce reports scientists recently tested that idea by essentially getting fish to play a video game.
NELL GREENFIELDBOYCE, BYLINE: The fish who unwittingly played this video game were not the ones being chased but rather the big bad predators. They were bluegill sunfish that researchers caught in a local lake and brought back to a tank in the lab.
IAIN COUZIN: And the nice thing about bluegill sunfish is they're generalist predators. They all tend to hunt pretty much anything that's alive in the environment that's smaller than them.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: Iain Couzin studies animal behavior at Princeton University. He says these fish are such eager hunters that it turns out they'll even hunt something that isn't real. His team used a computer to create fake prey, little images that were projected onto a thin transparent film inside the fish tank.
COUZIN: So to us they look like little red dots moving around. To the fish they look very much like little zooplankton, little creatures that live in the water body that move around that we know group together in the natural environment.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: And animal groups are what Couzin wants to understand.
COUZIN: Why do we see the evolution of groups in nature? Why is grouping so ubiquitous?
GREENFIELDBOYCE: He says there are real questions about how animals evolve to form groups and coordinate their behavior.
COUZIN: And this has actually been almost impossible to address using conventional biological experiments.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: Because it would be very hard to take say, a bird flock and get each one to do different things to see how that might effect their chance of being eaten by a predator.
But he and his colleagues could manipulate the behavior of the computer-generated prey in the fish tank. They programmed each little dot to follow a different set of rules. For example, some dots would cozy up to other dots, others kept their distance. Some would start to travel in the same direction as their neighbors; others, not so much.
COUZIN: And then we would ask, which of these strategies is most successful at avoiding being attacked by our real predators?
GREENFIELDBOYCE: They did that by watching to see which dots the live fish went for. The dots that survived tended to be the ones that both stayed close and moved in concert with their neighbors.
COUZIN: And so, forming groups that not only aggregate, but actually move together, allows you to minimize risk of attack from real predators.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: The results were published online by the journal Science.
Couzin says this is some evidence that group behaviors can evolve as a response to predation. But this experiment is still far from what happens in the real world. He's already developing a new fish video game that's even more life-like. This time they'll see what happens when the bluegill sunfish see virtual prey that can move in 3-D and try to escape.
Nell Greenfieldboyce, NPR News.


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text: Explanation: Please wait while one of the largest mobile machines in the world crosses the road. The machine pictured above is a bucket-wheel excavator used in modern surface mining. Machines like this have given humanity the ability to mine minerals and change the face of planet Earth in new and dramatic ways. Some open pit mines, for example, are visible from orbit. The largest excavators are over 200 meters long and 100 meters high, now dwarfing the huge NASA Crawler that transports space shuttles to the launch pads. Bucket-wheel excavators can dig a hole the length of a football field to over 25 meters deep in a single day. They may take a while to cross a road, though, with a top speed under one kilometer per hour.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: This paper studies the pricing strategies for personalized product bundles. In such problems, a seller provides a variety of products for which customers can construct a personalized bundle and send a request for quote (RFQ) to the seller. The seller, after reviewing the RFQ, has to determine a price based on which the customer either purchases the whole bundle or nothing. Such problems are faced by many companies in practice, and they are very difficult because of the potential unlimited possible configurations of the bundle and the correlations among the individual products. In this paper, we propose a novel top-down and bottom-up approach to solve this problem. In the top-down step, we decompose the bundle into each component and calibrate a value score for each component. In the bottom-up step, we aggregate the components back to the bundle, define important features of the bundle, and segment different RFQs by those bundle features as well as customer attributes. Then we estimate a utility function for each segment based on historical sales data and derive an optimal price for each incoming RFQ. We show that such a model overcomes the aforementioned difficulties and can be implemented efficiently. We test our approach using empirical data from a major information technology service provider and the test result shows that the proposed approach can improve the effectiveness of pricing significantly.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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GAT: a simulation framework for testing the association of genomic intervals.
Heger A., Webber C., Goodson M., Ponting CP., Lunter G.
MOTIVATION: A common question in genomic analysis is whether two sets of genomic intervals overlap significantly. This question arises, for example, when interpreting ChIP-Seq or RNA-Seq data in functional terms. Because genome organization is complex, answering this question is non-trivial. SUMMARY: We present Genomic Association Test (GAT), a tool for estimating the significance of overlap between multiple sets of genomic intervals. GAT implements a null model that the two sets of intervals are placed independently of one another, but allows each set's density to depend on external variables, for example, isochore structure or chromosome identity. GAT estimates statistical significance based on simulation and controls for multiple tests using the false discovery rate. AVAILABILITY: GAT's source code, documentation and tutorials are available at _URL_


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Please see the attached file, please do Part A only.
This problem is misleading as it suggests that the method you should follow here is more rigorous than it really is. E.g., a slightly different treatment would not yield the first term in the mean field Hamiltonian. The minimization of the free energy is actually how you compute things in mean field theory, and not by just heuristically constructing some "mean field" Hamiltonian. If you follow the standard mean field theory, then you can simply take the parameters in the mean field Hamiltonian to be unknown constants and perform the minimization procedure for the free energy (this is explained in detail in books on statistical mechanics).
There are a few ways we can justify the form of the given mean field Hamiltonian as follows, but the method suggested in the problem is totally wrong (I'll explain what is wrong about it below). The Hamiltonian is:
H = -J sum over of s_i s_j (1)
Here is a pair of two nearest neighbors and the summation is over all nearest neighbors. Note that this means that a term s_i s_j for i and j nearest neighbors will only occur once. If you sum over all lattice points i and then for each sum over all the lattice points j that are neighbors of i, you'll sum over all the nearest neighbors twice. You'll encounter the term s_i s_j when summing over the nearest neighbors of i and again when you arrive at lattice point j and sum over all its nearest neighbors. This means that the summation over can be correctly carried out, e.g. by summing over all the lattice points and taking only two of the nearest neighbors, e.g. the one to the right and the one above it. The interaction with the...
A detailed solution is given that discusses the mean field theory of ising model.


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I am writing to someone who is a sort of respectful person and I wanted to form a sentence such as below and I am wondering if using grab instead of learn or get is informal and looks odd.
I'd like to invite you to Somewhere where you will be able to grab a lot of cultural and historical artifacts.
Grab should mean "learn", "experience", etc.
share|improve this question
You probably don't want the word artifacts. The normal meaning of grab is to take possession of, hastily, or by force. And artifacts are normally physical objects of great cultural/historical significance. On a surface reading it sounds like you're inviting your colleague to accompany you on a trip to raid the pyramids for undiscovered treasures! – FumbleFingers Sep 4 '11 at 20:14
_USER_, this sentence reminded me of Indiana Jones – Thursagen Sep 4 '11 at 20:16
On a side note you might be confusing "grab" with "grasp". In the context of your sentence above its still not quite correct. However you can say "I will help you grasp the concept" or similar. – Thomas Clayson Sep 4 '11 at 23:45
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Personally, I've never heard of "grab" as in learn, but "grab" as in "get" or collect is informal, yes. This is a definition from Wiktionary of "grab", and one of its usages, the one that seems to apply to your context, has been dubbed informal:
(informal) to quickly collect or retrieve
Grab, is an informal word, and presumably not advised to be used in your situation.
If that person is a kind of respectful, dignified person, than just simply writing "I"d like to invite you to somewhere where you will be able to acquire a lot of cultural and historical artifacts" would be better.
Or, if the object was not an artifact, but learning, then, perhaps try:
I would like to invite you to a place where we would be able to increase our cultural and historical knowledge
share|improve this answer
It is weird since "grab" is used not highly but occasionally in USA at least in CA and UT. – Tarik Sep 4 '11 at 20:13
I imagine "grab some lunch" is common throughout the English-speaking world - but it is always informal, and you wouldn't use it if you were going to have a leisurely, expensive, and/or high-quality meal. So even if it could be used to mean "learn" (which I doubt), it could never be appropriate for OP's context. – FumbleFingers Sep 4 '11 at 20:21
"It's" is not a genitive! – Andrew Grimm Sep 4 '11 at 23:42
This sounds like you are inviting him to a place where he can steal things found at archaeological digs.
Grab does not mean the the same thing as learn.
You may have confused grab with grasp. Grasp is equivalent to get in that they are both synonyms for understand. But understand and learn are not the same thing.
share|improve this answer
That's more likely than my "grok", which I now deleted. – prash Sep 4 '11 at 20:47
:) steal things? I really laughed aloud :) you may be right, perhaps I am inviting him so we can steal things from museum. Thanks for the answer :) – Tarik May 9 '12 at 18:30
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Plan Your Visit
National Historic Trails recognize diverse facets of history such as prominent past routes of exploration, migration, trade, communication and military action. The historic trails generally consist of remnant sites and trail segments, and thus are not necessarily contiguous. Although National Historic Trails are administered by federal agencies, land ownership may be in public or private hands. Of the 19 National Historic Trails, 17 are administered (or co-administered) by the National Park Service.
The links on this page provide information for enjoying these pioneer emigrant trails and suggest opportunities to learn about emigrant stories and experiences.
Did You Know?
1840s Pioneers to California followed the road to Oregon through Southeastern Idaho before heading Southwest to the Humboldt River. The Soda Springs area of Idaho had many natural wonders never seen by most of these emigrants. Many remarked about its wonderfully tasting carbonated waters. More...


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➥ Tip! Refine or expand your search. Authors are sometimes listed as 'Smith, J. K.' instead of 'Smith, John' so it is useful to search for last names only. Note this is currently a simple phrase search.
GMM (Gaussian Mixture Modeling) tests the existence of bimodality in globular cluster color distributions. GMM uses three indicators to distinguish unimodal and bimodal distributions: the kurtosis of the distribution, the separation of the peaks, and the probability of obtaining the same χ2 from a unimodal distribution.


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Headlam Street, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2JX | Tel: 0191 _PHONE_
As part of our Science topic on Plants, Year 5 were given the opportunity to dissect lilies. We have been learning about reproduction in plants and found out that a flower has both male and female parts. All living things need to make more of themselves so that their species does not die out. Reproduction is the process by which new living things are made.
We dissected a lily to identify all of the parts of a flower, particularly the male and female parts. We labelled and measured the different parts and used a magnify glass to study them closer!


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The 1999 World Finals Contest included a problem based on a dice maze. At the time the problem was written, the judges were unable to discover the original source of the dice maze concept. Shortly after the contest, however, Mr. Robert Abbott, the creator of numerous mazes and an author on the subject, contacted the contest judges and identified himself as the originator of dice mazes. We regret that we did not credit Mr. Abbott for his original concept in last years problem statement. But we are happy to report that Mr. Abbott has offered his expertise to this years contest with his original and unpublished walk-through arrow mazes.
As are most mazes, a walk-through arrow maze is traversed by moving from intersection to intersection until the goal intersection is reached. As each intersection is approached from a given direction, a sign near the entry to the intersection indicates in which directions the intersection can be exited. These directions are always left, forward or right, or any combination of these.
Figure 1 illustrates a walk-through arrow maze. The intersections are identified as (row, column) pairs, with the upper left being (1,1). The Entrance intersection for Figure 1 is (3,1), and the Goal intersection is (3,3). You begin the maze by moving north from (3,1). As you walk from (3,1) to (2,1), the sign at (2,1) indicates that as you approach (2,1) from the south (traveling north) you may continue to go only forward. Continuing forward takes you toward (1,1). The sign at (1,1) as you approach from the south indicates that you may exit (1,1) only by making a right. This turns you to the east now walking from (1,1) toward (1,2). So far there have been no choices to be made. This is also the case as you continue to move from (1,2) to (2,2) to (2,3) to (1,3). Now, however, as you move west from (1,3) toward (1,2), you have the option of continuing straight or turning left. Continuing straight would take you on toward (1,1), while turning left would take you south to (2,2). The actual (unique) solution to this maze is the following sequence of intersections: (3,1) (2,1) (1,1) (1,2) (2,2) (2,3) (1,3) (1,2) (1,1) (2,1) (2,2) (1,2) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3).
You must write a program to solve valid walk-through arrow mazes. Solving a maze means (if possible) finding a route through the maze that leaves the Entrance in the prescribed direction, and ends in the Goal. This route should not be longer than necessary, of course.
The input file will consist of one or more arrow mazes. The first line of each maze description contains the name of the maze, which is an alphanumeric string of no more than 20 characters. The next line contains, in the following order, the starting row, the starting column, the starting direction, the goal row, and finally the goal column. All are delimited by a single space. The maximum dimensions of a maze for this problem are 9 by 9, so all row and column numbers are single digits from 1 to 9. The starting direction is one of the characters N, S, E or W, indicating north, south, east and west, respectively.
All remaining input lines for a maze have this format: two integers, one or more groups of characters, and a sentinel asterisk, again all delimited by a single space. The integers represent the row and column, respectively, of a maze intersection. Each character group represents a sign at that intersection. The first character in the group is 'N', 'S', 'E' or 'W' to indicate in what direction of travel the sign would be seen. For example, 'S' indicates that this is the sign that is seen when travelling south. (This is the sign posted at the north entrance to the intersection.) Following this first direction character are one to three arrow characters. These can be 'L', 'F' or 'R' indicating left, forward, and right, respectively.
The list of intersections is concluded by a line containing a single zero in the first column. The next line of the input starts the next maze, and so on. The end of input is the word 'END' on a single line by itself.
For each maze, the output file should contain a line with the name of the maze, followed by one or more lines with either a solution to the maze or the phrase 'No Solution Possible'. Maze names should start in column 1, and all other lines should start in column 3, i.e., indented two spaces. Solutions should be output as a list of intersections in the format (R,C) in the order they are visited from the start to the goal, should be delimited by a single space, and all but the last line of the solution should contain exactly 10 intersections.
Note: Figure 2: Robert Abbott's Atlanta Maze Robert Abbotts walk-through arrow mazes are actually intended for large-scale construction, not paper. Although his mazes are unpublished, some of them have actually been built. One of these is on display at an Atlanta museum. Others have been constructed by the American Maze Company over the past two summers. As their name suggests these mazes are intended to be walked through.
For the adventurous, Figure 2 a graphic of Robert Abbotts Atlanta maze. Solving it is quite difficult, even when you have an overview of the entire maze. Imagine trying to solve this by actually walking through the maze and only seeing one sign at a time! Robert Abbott himself indicated that the maze is too complex and most people give up before finishing. Among the people that did not give up was Donald Knuth: it took him about thirty minutes to solve the maze.
The first maze in the following sample input is the maze in Figure 1.
Sample Input
3 1 N 3 3
1 1 WL NR *
1 2 WLF NR ER *
1 3 NL ER *
2 1 SL WR NF *
2 2 SL WF ELF *
2 3 SFR EL *
3 1 N 3 2
1 1 WL NR *
1 2 NL ER *
2 1 SL WR NFR *
2 2 SR EL *
Sample Output
No Solution Possible


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Fish can and do have surgeries performed on them. An anesthetic is delivered to the fish in its water, and the fish is removed from the water for surgery. Performing surgery with the fish in the water is difficult and can result in contamination of the surgical site. For long surgeries, water (containing anesthetic) must be pumped over the gills to keep the fish oxygenated and anesthetized, as well as keep the fish's skin moist. Thick, heavy scales must be removed along the incision line. Sutures may be removed by your veterinarian from 10 to 30 days following surgery, depending on the rate of healing.
For more information, please read the story Do You Think Fish Can Have Surgery


Elizabeth Colorado Community Information
The town of Elizabeth Colorado began in 1855 as a saw mill camp operated by the Weber Brothers along the bank of Running Creek. A few years later, in 1858, gold was discovered in the creek. There was a gold rush, but the quality and quantity of the gold never lead to a boom. However, settlers did steadily move in, to work the land. After the original camp site was flooded, the town was moved to its present location.
Today, Elizabeth Colorado means small town, horse properties, pine trees and wide open prairies. Properties can range in price from the low $200,000 up to multi-million dollar agricultural properties. Real estate values tend to stay fairly level although proximity to Denver tends to increase value.


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No disponible en español
- 22 June 2004
- OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES - No. 16Details
- This paper investigates the potential impact of the growing influence of the opinions of credit rating agencies (CRAs) on market dynamics. This impact can be seen as a consequence of the information content of the ratings themselves or indirectly as a consequence of the "hardwiring" of ratings into regulatory rules, management mandates, bond covenants, etc. Rating agencies who strive to provide credit assessments that remain broadly stable through the course of the business cycle have been themselves affected as the growing reliance on rating mean that they are increasingly expected to satisfy a widening range of constituencies with different and sometimes conflicting interests. They have responded to this challenge largely by adding more products to their traditional product palette but also through modifications in the rating process. It is however too early to say whether these changes mean a fundamental shift in their approach to credit risk measurement.
- JEL Code
- G10 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→General
G28 : Financial Economics→Financial Institutions and Services→Government Policy and Regulation
G29 : Financial Economics→Financial Institutions and Services→Other


Leaf Curling Spider
Leaf Curling Spiders (Phonognatha graeffei) belong to family Araneidae (Orb-weavers). The spider here is a fresh leaf curling spider. They build their retreat with fresh green leaf. Most of the time they remain in their leaf retreat. They build their web near the retreat and when a prey fall on its web, it quickly pick it up from the web and go back to its retreat. The spider has a green color from under including legs and white abdomen from top. It has a yellowish-green head. It has some black spots and wavy lines on abdomen. It also has yellow and blue colored strips on abdomen. Here are some pictures of the spider taken from different angles, hoping you will like them.
Leaf Curling Spider
Fresh Leaf Curling Spider
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar
The Lime Butterfly caterpillar passes through 5 different instars before pupation. The first few instars of the caterpillar look like bird droppings and this is nature's way of protecting them from predators. In the 5th (last) instar, the caterpillar becomes pale green with a yellow subspiracular band having brown and bluish marking and a pair of false eyes. An additional yellow band is developed on the 4th and 5th segments with bluish spots on it.
Lime Butterfly Caterpillars
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (1st instar) eating egg shell
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (2rd instar)
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (3rd instar)
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (4th instar)
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (5th and last instar)
Lime Butterfly Caterpillar (Pre-pupa)
Blue Pansy Butterfly
The Blue Pansy (Junonia orithya) belong to the family Nymphalidea, is a medium size butterfly with a wingspan of about 40-50mm. It's a sun-loving species, which can usually be found on grassy patches in open areas, often sitting on bare ground. The blue pansy is very common in Pakistan.
Blue Pansy Butterfly
Blue Pansy Butterfly Mating
Blue Pansy Butterfly Mating
Blue Pansy Butterfly Camouflage
Blue Pansy Camouflage
Lime Butterfly Eggs
Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus malayanus) lay her eggs singly on the young leaves of the host plant (various Citrus species). The egg has a round shape and measuring about 1mm in diameter. Its color changes from white (transparent) to yellowish and then brown with the passage of time. The eggs take about six days to hatch.
Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus malayanus) Eggs
Bug Art
Often we see a leaf eaten by a bug in very interesting pattern, that looks like an artwork. Some time we observe the bug near his/her artwork, however most of the time we see artwork done by an anonymous bug. Here are some pictures of artwork done by an anonymous bug.
Bugs Artwork Pictures
Rick On Fire
Rick On FireRick On Fire
Danaid Eggfly Butterfly
Danaid Eggfly Butterfly
Male Danaid Eggfly Butterfly (Upperside)
Male Danaid Eggfly Butterfly (Underside)
Female Danaid Eggfly Butterfly
Female Danaid Eggfly Butterfly picture
Female Danaid Eggfly Butterfly Caught by a Spider


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Hawaiian
 4. >
 5. "This food is spicy!"
"This food is spicy!"
Translation:Pika kēia mea ʻai!
June 26, 2019
Is "mea" necessary?
Why don't you have either 'hū" or "auē" at the beginning of this sentence that ends with an exclamation point. I am really frustrated with the difference with "hū" and "auē". Please help!
Just curious—could this sentence also be written as: "He pika ka mea ʻai kēia!"
Mahalo for any insight.
An adjective doesn't need "he" before it and that sentence is weirdly ordered.
If we omit "he", then "pika ka mea ʻai kēia" which literally means: "the food this is spicy"
~Vir pius sacrificat~
And what about "Ka pika 'o kēia mea 'ai"? There is a ka before the adjective in "Hū ka 'ono o kēia mea 'ai" and "Hū ka wela 'o Honolulu". Is ke/ka needed just after a hū or auē?
Learn Hawaiian in just 5 minutes a day. For free.


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Sometimes individuals are charged in Arizona with "DUI in the slightest". DUI in the slightest can mean many things. First, a DUI is always charged one of two ways. The first way is for having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of.08 or higher. The second is for being "impaired to the slightest degree". Both charges carry the same mandatory minimum punishments.
"Impaired to the slightest" can mean many things, but basically the prosecutor must show only that you were impaired in some way, shape or form. They may do this if they can:
- Get expert testimony that if an individual has over a.08 BAC, that individual is impaired to drive.
- Describe your driving behavior (swerve, weave, drove too slow, etc.).
- Describe your demeanor and reactions in the car.
- Describe what you did when you parked or exited the car.
- Describe your speech.
- Show how you performed on the field sobriety tests.
A lot of times officers confuse impairment with other things such as injury, medical problems, and lack of sleep. If you have been charged with a DUI in Arizona you should not fight it alone. Retain an DUI defense attorney who understands DUI defense and how to protect your rights. Contact Charlie Naegle, for a free DUI consultation where you will go over the facts of your Arizona DUI case. Call the Naegle Law Firm now at _PHONE_ or use the webform below to request a free, anytime, anywhere consultation.


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EMBO Practical Course — Methods for analysis of circular RNAs: No tautology
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a rediscovered class of RNA species that originate from back-splicing events, which have been reported across all domains of life. Many circular RNAs are stable, abundant and conserved between species. They exhibit context-dependent expression patterns, which are often linked to disease states. Validated circular RNA functions are numerous and range from regulation of transcription and splicing to RNA/protein sponging and scaffolding. However, CircRNAs are by and large the most underexplored class of all non-coding RNAs. This course will meet the specific need to explore complexity, distribution, function and mechanisms of circRNA action experimentally and computationally.
The presented methods and approaches are widely applicable to all organisms beyond standard models. The practical part will include detection and quantification of circRNAs by lowand high-throughput methods, troubleshooting, data analysis and integration as well as computational assessment of circRNA candidates and function prediction.


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Matz Surname History
According to the House of Names the German surname Matz emerged in the lands that formed the powerful German state of Prussia, which at one time was an immense territory that stretched from France and the Low Countries to the Baltic sea and Poland. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the German territories were inhabited by a variety of barbarian tribes. The borders of the barbarian kingdoms changed frequently, but the region that became known as Prussia was roughly divided between the areas of Brandenburg-Prussia, West Prussia, and East Prussia. By the 19th century, Brandenburg-Prussia had incorporated East Prussia, West Prussia and many other German territories. Moreover, in the late 19th century, it led the German states in the unification of Germany.
First found in Prussia, where the family contributed greatly to the development of an emerging nation, and would later play a large role in the tribal and national conflicts of the area. The name stems from two sources which were continually mixed up throughout the Middle Ages, so they can no longer be differentiated: one was Matthaeus the Evangelist, who was patron saint of tax collectors, and the other was Mattias (Hebrew for "gift of the gods"), who was one of the twelve Apostles. In later years the name branched into many houses, each playing a significant role in local social and political affairs. Much of German history has been shaped by the state of Prussia. It was an enduring military power until after the Second World War. At that time, the state was abolished altogether and its land divided between the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany and West Germany. While some Prussians were content to remain in those countries, others moved away, many of them migrating to North America. They entered the United States mostly through Philadelphia, moving on to Ohio, Texas, Illinois, California, New York, and Maryland. Others went to Canada, settling on the prairies and in the province of Ontario. Among those of this surname listed in various historical records were: Mathew Mathias, who came to Virginia in 1651. He was followed by Georg Mathias and Henrich Matteis who both arrived in New York in 1710. Johann Mathies came to Philadelphia in 1768 Bernhart Matheus in 1754.
According to the Internet Surname Database, this famous surname is recorded in over two hundred and fifty different spellings ranging from Mathieu of France to Macieiczyk of Poland. From medieval times it has been recorded in every part of Christendom.
The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Alan Mathew, which was dated 1260, in the Assize Rolls of Cambridge, England. This was during the reign of King Henry 111, known by the nickname of 'The Frenchman', who reigned from 1216 to 1272. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Notable Matz Personalities


Why People Love the Dangers of Motocross
Apart from the convenience motorbikes bring to our lives, they also serve as a source of recreation and excitement to thousands of motocross enthusiasts. True to their passion, there are even times when racers would find no need for a tournament. With their motorcycle helmets on and palms on the handlebars, they just speed through the city streets like wind runs through empty spaces.
Motocross, as with any other race, is risky and costly for a sport. Sometimes, accidents can even be fatal. Stories of broken limbs and slipped discs, however, cannot stop avid racers from playing the game. They would even spend thousands just for gears and custom motorcycle helmets. That is just how these racers fall in love with motocross despite the dangers it imposed.
Now we ask the question, why? Why do people love motocross? Get to know three reasons behind this enthusiasm.
It Fuels the Testosterone
It's rare to see women getting hooked in the game. Motocross, suffice to say, is a man's game. And this has a lot to do with testosterone, the hormone responsible for the engagement in risky behaviors. Studies show that testosterone drives males to seek heightened emotions such as thrill, fun, excitement, and danger. It's hard to explain why men want challenges, and it can only be testosterone.
Riding motorbikes and performing stunts in relatively difficult terrain gives men that much needed outlet for their ravishing testosterone. Others turn to other sports. Since each has his unique skill set, those who love speed and coordination prefer motocross.
It Gives Them Sense of Accomplishment
Corporate competition is now becoming a norm. Some men, who struggle with their careers, find sense of accomplishment in dangerous sports. Nothing could be more rewarding than surpassing all those obstacles with just your motorcycle helmets, gloves, and boots as your source of protection. You become manlier in the eyes of the public, especially when you take home that trophy. But then again, for those who are enthusiasts, the prize doesn't come in tangible forms. The experience and the hype will count more.
It Can Be a Form of Self-Expression
There are stresses people have to face every day. Sometimes, anger, sadness, depression, and frustration will find their way in motocross and other physically-demanding sports. It sounds ridiculous to some people, but any athlete or artist can attest to how passions become channels of pent-up emotions. Racers explain how they sometimes forget about the world once they've turned on the engine.
They forget about their worries, and even their expenses. They don't mind if they spend a lot for custom engines, custom motorcycle helmets, or custom riding boots. To them, the sport has become more of a friend and a respite from all of life's concerns. Motocross has even become a lifestyle to people who are already past their tender age.
No one can really predict why people fall in love with this dangerous game. If you're goal is to understand your friend, family or loved one who happened to become addicted to this sport, then the explanations above can help you. There's no way to stop racers from embracing motocross. The least to do is to provide them with safety measures and accept their passions.
10 Hunting Fundamentals Which You Should Have in Your Pack
If you are thinking about going on your very first hunting journey very soon, you will have to be gotten ready for everything which you have to do and all the other possibilities which could occur while you're out in the wild. Below are some of the must-haves when you are out hunting.
A Good Hunting Rifle
Brand New Hunting Rifle: Approximately $9,000.
There are so many factors which you should think about when buying a hunting rifle although the basic ones would be the following: The game you plan to hunt, your skill level and the amount of money you want to pay out.
But there are some things which first-time hunters tend to ignore. But we're informing you now so take note of these.
Your scope might go as high as 50 % the quantity of your rifle. Yes, it's that costly. So see to it that you have actually reserved adequate money for that otherwise you would be almost blind throughout the hunt. Bullets are essential too or your rifle is totally worthless in the wild. Bullet types and weight should be considered too when you're shopping for these.
Game Camera.
Brand New Game Camera: $150 – $600.
A long time back, you would have to do several rounds in the day (or at night) stalking your game. Now, you have a cordless game camera to assist you with it. All you have to do is set it up tactically and simply wait, especially when you're exhausted or resting in the camp.
Since you will need numerous of these, the cost is definitely a big element when you're going shopping. The time of the real time transmission ought to also be considered because this is generally your alert. Some ensure a 90-second transmission to your device.Be sure to check on the website first before you pick the best trail camera reviews.
Satellite Phone.
Brand New Satellite Phone: $500 – $1,700.
This is your best friend when you're travelling deep into the woods or far out in the safari. It's essential that you find excellent signal first before you set up camp just in case you need help for anything.
The majority of sat phones today have actually reproduced the common mobile phones in terms of size and weight. A lot of those even have WiFi and Bluetooth capabilities even. So all you need to keep in mind of now is the network provider and the expense per call.
Multi-Purpose Hunting Device.
As a solar-powered phone battery charger, compass, AM/ FM and weather radio, barometer, thermometer and LED flashlight, this is basically like the Swiss Knife for hunting trips. And why not have this one device instead of packing each thing in your bag, right?
There many brands out there which are not simply effective with each of its functions but also durable and water resistant.
The next set of hunting fundamentals would be those you have to have in case of emergencies. Even if the place you are off to is relatively safe and close to all contemporary conveniences including tertiary health centers, it is finest that you have all these to be gotten ready for possible mishaps and so on.
Hunting Pack.
See to it that this is big enough so you can put everything you require inside it, sturdy enough so that it would not easily rip and waterproof.
Full First Aid Kit.
Small injuries and tiny bites to severe accidents could take place and you want to be ready for all those.
This is not just for drinking, mind you. It's helpful for cleaning wounds and other injuries.
From securing your belongings to a tree branch to utilizing it as a sling for your rifle, a light rope (or a heavy cord) is among the most crucial must-haves in your hunting trip.
You never ever leave this when you go hunting.
Lighter or Matches.
Going all cave man in the wild is fun however not really hassle-free. Make it easy on yourself and bring a lighter.
Final Tip: If you aren't sure which brand to obtain, say with the game cameras readily available in the market today, go on the internet and check out as many path web cam examines as you can. This is among the very best methods which you can find that devices or gear which will match your needs and level of ability before you head out there buying. So go out there and embrace the best nature experience you had in your life and capture it using a wildlife camera.
The Complicated Road To Complicated Coffee
We do not view as much plain coffee nowadays as we used to. Exactly what could be the factor for it? It's most likely due to the fact that it is extremely easy these days to brew up a cup of premium coffee for your family, pals, and acquaintances. There are now coffee clubs and coffee social areas where coffee is handling the appearance of a social group. These meeting point can happen within the shops and community or on the Internet.
Gone are the days when you just went to a coffee bar to get a regular cup of coffee.
This is an occurring because of an obsession by coffee fans all over America for the gourmet or specialty coffee. These individuals go to all the coffee specialized shops and order it from catalogues or the Internet. They enjoy grinding the coffee beans themselves. When they take trips to locations like Costa Rica, they look for and revive the specialized coffees. Now we have "coffee tasting" occasions just like wine tasting.
There is even interior design items and furniture coming on the marketplace promoting a coffee style– excellent presents for the coffee fan.
Coffee had its beginnings as a stimulant in 900 A.D. It has also had its starts in a variety of uses such as a medication and a wine. Nothing is much different today.
Coffee is among the few unblemished products over time but that is quickly altering. Individuals are coming up with all sorts of ways to enhance its taste and fragrance and will most likely keep doing it well into the future.
And coffee shares a good portion of the world's market. It is 2nd just to oil in dollar volume as a world commodity.
Individuals also nowadays are regularly attempting to minimize their caffeine consumption. A pound of coffee has half the caffeine as a pound of tea yet we get more caffeine in a cup of coffee? Why? It is due to the fact that a pound of tea will give us 160 cups of coffee and a pound of coffee just provides us 40. This may disappoint those of you who have to drink decaffeinated coffee however hate


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Police have issued a warning to van owners after a spate of thefts in the Newquay area.
As a result tradesmen have been urged to consider extra security.
Devon and Cornwall Police officer Alex Allen said: "We have had more theft from motor vehicles (vans) in Newquay.
"Vans were parked secured and unattended and the rear doors of the vans have been forced open. Various items have been stolen such as power tools.
"Theft of work tools from works vans have been on the increase and sometimes the vans are parked on home drives.
"Tradesmen are being warned to keep a close eye on their vans and take precautions to protect their vans and tools."
Police have issued the following advice:
- Please remove all tools if possible.
- Consider additional external locks.
- Alarm your vehicle if there isn't one already fitted.
- Consider an internal lockable cage/tool box.
- Ensure all tools are permanently property marked with name and postcode and use appropriate signage warning thieves that all tools are removed from the vehicle, or similar.
- Keep a copy of serial numbers and take photographs of tools.
- Park in a well-lit area with doors close to a building etc to make access more difficult.
- Consider installing CCTV.
- Remain vigilant and report any suspicious behaviour to police - 999 if the suspect is in the area.
Police have also asked business owners and contractors to ensure they don't get caught out.
"Some businesses may notice suspicious looking vehicles or people entering the property making spurious enquiries, and these can be a sign you are about to be targeted," added PC Allen.
"Train your staff to keep a record if such activity occurs and record vehicle registrations and descriptions of offenders."
He continued: "These types of thefts can be crippling to businesses, especially when the vital tools, stock and equipment taken need replacing at short notice.
"This, with the potential delays with insurance claims and costs of replacing or hiring tools in the short term can have a big hit on a businesses operating finances."
Here are a few top tips depending on whether you operate from a van or a fixed location:
Commercial vans and containers
- Ensure they are left in a well-lit area.
- Remove high value tools when left unattended especially overnight.
- Ensure it is secured with high quality locks and alarms.
- Don't leave anything on display.
- Mark your tools with engraving or forensic marking so it can be identified if recovered.
- Keep a list of your tools and equipment.
- If possible ensure the vehicle/container is covered by good quality CCTV.
- Identify areas that may be vulnerable to forced entry and have them made secure. Consider doors, windows and even skylights.
- Make sure that service doors are locked and secure when unattended – these doors often take and lot of wear and tear check that your locks are still effective.
- Make sure you have monitored alarm and that it is fully operational.
- Make sure that your CCTV is operational, and is of good high definition quality – this can often be the difference between convictions at court.
- If you have CCTV make sure it is recording onto a hard drive – a remote drive off premises or in the 'cloud' is ideal.
- Store wheelie bins and ladders securely and in a way they cannot be used to access your property.
- Ensure you have sufficient lighting.
- Keep high value goods away from windows and if possible with additional security in the premises.
- Do not leave cash in tills.
- Is your glass window front smash resistant and in a sturdy frame. Making windows attack resistant can cause delays to would be thieves and deter them from continuing to attempt the theft.
- Keep your stock rooms locked.
- Don't leave keys on premises and maintain a list of key holders for the police.
I've been broken into what should I do?
Contact the police straight away.
If possible do not disturb the point of entry and exit.
If the weather is poor do what you can to stop the rain washing away the evidence.
Do not wash away blood, fingerprints, footprints that may have been left.
Do not disturb the scene where the offenders have been.
Ensure you have the means to copy off CCTV.
Compile a list of what has been taken.


Main Content
This workshop is about the concept of covenant and the forms it takes in Unitarian Universalism. Take some time to reflect on covenantal relationships in your life. This could include marriage, congregational membership, participation in a small group that uses a covenant, or other relationships. What do these relationships mean to you? What promises do you make, and what are the joys and challenges of being part of them? What happens when covenant is broken?
Covenant is an abstract concept. Spend some time thinking about the concrete ways it plays out in your life so that you can help youth do the same.
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Economic Effects of RGGI
How Selling Allowances Affects Consumer Prices
In other pollution reduction programs, power companies are given the allowances for free, the companies then pass through the "market value" of these allowances in their bills to consumers. This means that the cost of electricity to consumers will include as much of the cost of allowances as the law permits generators to add on, whether those allowances are purchased or obtained free of charge. Selling the allowances ensures that their proceeds will benefit the public by funding projects to conserve energy, reduce CO2 emissions and develop clean technologies.
The decision to sell allowances takes into account the European Union's experience. The E.U. gave away 90 percent of its allowances, thinking that would ease industry's compliance cost. However, that mechanism resulted in companies enjoying a windfall; power costs to customers increased to cover the cost of the allowances, but generators did not pay for the allowances. In the U.K. alone, free allowances amounted to a $1 billion grant to the power industry.
Likely Price Impact of RGGI
The cost of allowances, like the cost of fuel, will be built into generators' electricity prices. However, modeling analysis revealed that price impacts would be negligible. Economic modeling projected that RGGI would increase wholesale electricity prices by about 1.6 percent (78 cents per month for a typical residential customer) in 2015 and 2.4 percent ($1.13 per month for a typical residential customer) in 2021.
Economic models also projected that the price per allowance would be $2/ton in 2009. Though the projections were considered accurate, the regulations include some mechanisms to mitigate the risk of high prices. These mechanisms include expanding the use of offsets, adjusting compliance periods and holding frequent auctions. There is also a "circuit breaker" provision that expands offsets if the price of an allowance rises to $7/ton.
Analysis Group Report: The Economic Impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative on Ten Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States
According to the Analysis Group Report released in November, 2011, RGGI has raised over $1.6 billion for the ten participating states since the program began in 2008. Most of the funding from the auction proceeds was spent on energy efficiency programs, saving regional customers $1.1 billion in electricity bills, and over $174 million on natural gas and heating bills. RGGI programs also created 16,000 jobs throughout the region, and the region's payments for out-of-state fossil fuels decreased by over $765 million. (See link at right.)


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Most Improved: Learning Centre students Grades 8-12
- To recognize a self-motivated, or becoming a self-motivated student who demonstrates improved work habits from September to June and the will to want to achieve. These efforts can be seen in class participation, regular attendance, and completing assignments on time.
Spirit Award Learning Centre students Grades 8-12
- To recognize consistent student effort that results in significant improvements in the following areas:
- academic achievement, organizational skills, dedication and perseverance, positive attitude, and personal growth.
- Can also be presented to students who display acts of compassion in their communities or demonstrate a significant commitment to volunteerism.
- The student must be in good academic standing, passing all core courses, and be registered as a non-concurrent student at the Learning Centre within the school year for which the award is intended.
- Students are nominated by Learning Centre staff


Child Abuse
New Pa. law requires more school clearances
New Pa. law requires more school clearances
If parents want to help out at their child's holiday party at school, do they need to undergo a criminal background check first? This question and others about the line between volunteer and visitor might become more difficult to answer starting Wednesday, when a new state child protective services law takes effect. The law, among other things, expands background checks for school volunteers and requires school employees, independent school contractors and volunteers in direct contact with children to update clearances every 36 months. It also spells out the duties of teachers and other "mandated reporters" in reporting suspected child abuse and the criminal penalties if...


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The iReceptor Team uses a standard repertoire metadata spreadsheet to capture repertoire metadata. The repertoire metadata file format that is used in the iReceptor curation process is a UTF-8 encoded comma delimited text files (Metadata CSV files), consisting of a single header line followed by a single line of metadata for each repertoire. The header line should consist of keys that map to AIRR fields as specified in the MiAIRR standard as defined in the "AIRR Formats WG field name" columnn of the MiAIRR specification. Please see the example iReceptor Repertoire Metadata spreadsheet for more information.
To create a metadata sheet:
- For each repertoire in the paper, fill in values for each of the metadata fields.
- Refer to both the paper, any supplementary data included, as well as information from where the data is deposited (ex. The Sequence Read Archive)
- Use a controlled vocabulary and/or ontologies for values of those fields that require controlled vocabularies.
- Refer to the MiAIRR standards for the most accurate description of particular fields and particular entries for those fields
It should be noted that this step is error prone and time consuming when extracting this data from a paper. Care should be taken at this step to minimize errors, as errors at this stage can adversely affect the value of the data and can lead to scientific errors during data reuse. In order to minimize errors at this stage, the iReceptor curation process includes a data provenance/fidelity validation step (see Step 9).


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I want to check if a string only contains the sign in the above expression, just want to make sure no more weird sign like #%&/() are in the strings.
I am wondering if there's any difference between these two regular expression? Did the beginning and ending sign matter? Will it affect the result somehow?
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When inside of []s, it's best to put the '-' character, when used to match the character '-', at the end of the [], as in [A-Za-z0-9_-]. Otherwise it's possible to misread your form as "9 to underscore" before seeing that it's actually '0 to 9, -, and '. It also sometimes happens that people change, say, 'A-C-' to 'ABC-_' and forget that changing the first - affects how the second is interpreted. – Andrew Dalke Dec 14 '11 at 17:44
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The beginning and end sign match the beginning and end of a String.
The first will match any String that contains zero or more ocurrences of the class [A-Za-z0-9-_] (basically any string whatsoever...).
The second will match an empty String, but not one that contains characters not defined in [A-Za-z0-9-_]
share|improve this answer
Python regular expressions are anchored at the beginning of strings (like in many other languages): hence the ^ sign at the beginning doesn't make any difference. However, the $ sign does very much make one: if you don't include it, you're only going to match the beginning of your string, and the end could contain anything – including the characters you want to exclude. Just try re.match("[a-z0-9]", "abcdef/%&").
In addition to that, you may want to use a regular expression that simply excludes the characters you're testing for, it's much safe (hence [^#%&/()] – or maybe you have to do something to escape the parentheses; can't remember how it works at the moment).
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Python offers two match methods, match and search - make sure you use the right one, as search is not anchored. – Mark Ransom Dec 14 '11 at 15:40
Yes it will. A regex can match anywhere in its input. # will match in your first regex.
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What is a Chairperson and what is their role?
In this article, we touch on the subject of What is a chairperson and his/her role in a community scheme.
The Chairperson: A common question in community schemes is "What is a Chairperson and what role do they fulfill?" While it sounds "prestigious", it can be a thankless job. The main roles of the Chairperson are to chair meetings and to ensure that the rest of the committee members are doing what they are supposed to do. This person thus needs to have strong skills in commanding meetings and being able to act impartially.
Going forward we will be explaining What a chairperson is and the role they play in more detail.
How is a Chairperson Elected?
Depending on your Scheme's Rules, a chairperson can generally be elected in one of two ways:
 - At the AGM (Annual General Meeting) of the Scheme when the new committee members are decided on.
 - At a Board meeting (committee meeting for a Scheme), which is normally held shortly after the AGM (Annual General Meeting).
What voting rights does the Chairperson have?
The Chairperson has an ordinary and a casting vote. The ordinary vote, which is used in the person's capacity as a committee member/ owner, and a casting vote, which is a vote that only the Chairperson can use in a meeting when having to break a deadlock. After all the votes have been cast, if the votes are tied, the casting vote will fall to the Chairperson.
Can the Chairperson be removed and how?
Depending on your Scheme's Rules, the Chairperson of Scheme can be removed in one of two ways, either:
 - by ordinary resolution (majority vote) of owners at a general meeting of the Scheme – provided that the intention to vote upon this removal has been disclosed in the notice calling the meeting, or;
 - by majority vote of the committee members at a committee meeting.
Removal of the Chairperson from the office of Chairperson does not automatically remove him/her from the office as a committee member. The intention to vote upon the removal of the Chairperson from both offices would have to be disclosed in the notice calling the SGM (Special General Meeting) for the removal to be valid.
Does the Chairperson have to be present at the meeting? No, but then the Trustees must choose a temporary Chairperson for the duration of that meeting. The temporary Chairperson has the same voting rights as a normal Chairperson.
Does the Chairperson chair every meeting held with the committee members or the owners? The Chairperson is entitled to chair every committee meeting or owners' general meeting unless otherwise decided at such meeting.
Does the Chairperson make all the decisions? It is a common misconception that the Chairperson has carte blanche over decisions of the Scheme. This is not the case as no committee members have the power to make sole decisions. All decisions pertaining to the Scheme are to be discussed amongst the committee members and then decided upon by majority resolution, unless, a specific committee member has been given a mandate on a particular portfolio to make decisions on their own within certain pre-agreed parameters.
As briefly outlined earlier in this newsletter, each committee member, including the chairman, is entitled to one vote. The only instance where the chairman will have one additional vote is if the votes cast by all the committee members result in a deadlock. Therefore, the chairman has no veto right. He does not have the ability to overrule his fellow committee members. The only power he does have is that of tie-breaker and this power is strictly reserved for committee members' resolutions. When it comes to votes cast by the members to pass ordinary, special or unanimous resolutions the chairman's vote carries the exact same weight in number as that of any other member.
This article forms part of Solvers comprehensive service provided to you – by keeping you informed and up to date with important news, including any changes to the Community Schemes industry.
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Woman wearing blazer
Possibly a development of the nautical reefer jacket, a blazer is a loose-fitting and lightweight flannel sports jacket. Coming in both double-or single-breasted styles, although most are double-breasted, a blazer is generally tailored in either plain navy or black, has brass buttons, two side vents, is thigh length and in many cases has a breast-pocket badge. A well-constructed blazer can make even a pair of jeans appear smart. The blazer is generally considered to be a vital component of the "preppy" or "British look."
History of the Blazer
The familiar navy blazer traces its origins back to the captain of the frigate HMS Blazer, who had short double-breasted jackets cut in navy blue serge for his scruffy-looking crew when Queen Victoria visited his ship in 1837. The crew's "blazers" with their shining brass Royal Navy buttons impressed the Queen and soon became part of their dress uniform.
It is believed that the heavier double-breasted reefer jacket was the inspiration for the captain's original blazer design. What is less clear is how and why the naval blazer came to be worn by civilians. One likely explantion, and probably why so many owners of yachts and other sailing vessels wear blazers, is that many people who had no obvious association with the sea or indeed the navy could still have blazer jackets made originally for maritime experiences. With traditional outfitters such as Gieves and Hawkes, on London's Savile Row, cutting blazers for Royal Naval officers it is likely that many civilians would get their own tailors to copy a version for them. If buttons with emblems were not used then simple flat brass buttons were, although it would then become difficult to distinguish the blazer from the other sports jackets.
Divorced from any military background, the single-breasted blazer was the favored style of club jacket worn by rowing clubs in the nineteenth century. These would be made up in college, school, or club colors to be worn at special outdoor sporting events, such as the Henley Royal Regatta. Crests and other insignia were often embroidered in heavy gold thread on the left breast pocket, and the buttons were similar to those used by the navy. Men who were not in a sporting club might still wear a blazer but, as with the naval-inspired version, more likely using enamel buttons instead of brass.
Worn by many Europeans for both work and leisure and popularized by Brooks Brothers for the American market in the early twentieth century (and later in bright colors, such as bottle green or yellow, for golf attire), the authentic British blazer (and its imitations) have held a minor but consistent place in the male wardrobe for decades. The blazer's most recent revival was as essential executive dress in the 1980s, often worn with open shirt and cravat. Its popularity is limited somewhat by its reputation as being too formal for the young, and too stuffy for the "casual dress" office.
See also Jacket; Sports Jacket.
Hardy Amies. A,B,C of Men's Fashion. London: Cahill and Company Ltd., 1964.
Byrde, Penelope. The Male Image:-Men's Fashion in England _PHONE_. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1979.
De Marley, Diana. Fashion for Men: An Illustrated History. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1985.
Keers, Paul. A Gentleman's Wardrobe. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.
Wilkins, Christobel. The Story of Occupational Costume. Poole: Blandford Press, 1982.


August Book Review: 'The Mercies' by Kiran Millwood Hargrave
Aug 11, 2020
"The Mercies," 2020, Paperback
Credit Little, Brown and Company
Great historical fiction combines engrossing entertainment with fresh details of places, times, and people different from our own. The best historical fiction does that and makes it relevant and meaningful today.
How do people in power use their office to control citizens? Kiran Millwood Hargrave's historical fiction of Norway four hundred years ago feels surprisingly timely.
In 1617, a freak storm killed virtually all the men on a tiny fishing island off the northern coast of Norway, leaving only very young boys and men too old to fish. At that time, King Christian fell under the witch-hunting mania then rampant in Europe, the UK and the American colonies. In her first adult novel, Hargrave explores the aftermath of that storm and the witch-hunt that ensued.
The Mercies is rich in the fine-grain detail of life in 1617 both in a remote island at the Arctic Circle and in the bustling Norwegian town of Bergen. Maren Bergensdatter was raised on Vardo and lost her father, her brother and her fiancé to the freak storm. Her daily struggle to survive was a challenge even before the island lost virtually all its men. At a time when women were forbidden to take the boats out, the tiny population was at risk of starvation.
Ursa Cornett was raised in Bergen by an aristocratic sea merchant. She comes of age just as the family finances are declining and is married off to an up and coming church leader on his way to Vardo to take control of the village and root out witchcraft on behalf of King Christian.
When Ursa's new husband begins his search for witchcraft among the Vardo women, the events grow darker and much more disturbing. He begins a list of anyone on the island who fails to attend church. He divides the tiny, struggling population by encouraging them to spy on each other, reporting to him any evidence of non-Christian worship, no matter how benign. The story is unblinking in recounting the cruelty imposed on the island's women. The special hell reserved for the ethnic Laplanders is particularly cruel. Those accused of witchcraft face judge, jury, and executioner in one man. The only opportunity to show innocence is by sinking when thrown in the Arctic Sea.
The Mercies, by Kiran Hargrave, is an engaging story from history that will resonate with today's headlines about the abuse of authority in the pursuit of control. The Mercies is available at your local libraries today.


Fun activities can improve language learning, academics reveal
April 16, 2013
Fun activities can improve language learning, academics reveal
Playing simple games using words and pictures can help people to learn a new language with greater ease, researchers from The University of Nottingham have shown.
Their study, published by the scientific journal PLOS ONE, revealed that using fun, informal ways of not only helped complete novices to acquire a new language but also made more traditional methods of language learning more effective.
PhD student Marie-Josée Bisson of the University's School of Psychology, who led the study along with Drs Walter van Heuven, Kathy Conklin and Richard Tunney, said: "The results of this study have implications not only for language learning and teaching, but also for anyone interested in improving their knowledge of a foreign language.
"They show that informal exposure can play an important role in foreign language word learning. Through informal exposure, learning can occur without intention, in a more effortless manner. Anyone attempting to learn another language would benefit from activities such as simple games using foreign language words and pictures, or foreign language films with subtitles where they can enjoy the activity without focusing on trying to learn the words. The results of this study suggest that these kinds of informal activities can facilitate language learning, even days afterwards."
There are many advantages to learning a foreign language, such as a better understanding of another culture or better in an increasingly multilingual society. However, picking up another language can be a difficult process.
Many believe that informal learning—for example, watching a foreign language film or spending time in another country immersing oneself in the culture—is helpful for learning the lingo.
This has now been validated by the results of the Nottingham study, which used spoken and written words along with pictures depicting their meaning to measure foreign vocabulary learning in complete novices.
In the first phase of the study, English speakers who did not know any Welsh, viewed Welsh words on a computer screen and were asked to indicate whether a particular letter appeared in each word. While viewing the word, they also heard the word being spoken and saw a simple picture showing its meaning. Importantly, the pictures and spoken words were irrelevant to their task and they had not been asked to 'learn' the Welsh words.
In the second phase of the study, English speakers were explicitly asked to learn the correct translations of Welsh words. They were presented with pairs of written English words and spoken Welsh words and had to indicate each time whether the English word was the correct translation of the Welsh. Information about whether or not their responses were correct was provided so that they could learn the correct translations. Importantly, half of the Welsh words had been presented in the first phase of the study.
Results indicated that participants performed better on the Welsh words they had previously been exposed to, indicating that during their informal exposure they had started to learn the meaning of the Welsh words.
Better performance in the explicit learning task was found immediately after the informal exposure as well as the next day. The researchers found that participants retained knowledge unintentionally learnt during the informal phase even as much as a week later following further explicit learning of the Welsh words.
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Legal Guide
Home > Legal Guide
What is a 995 motion to dismiss in California?
If you are charged with a felony, or with a felony and misdemeanour, in California, your defense attorney may make a 995 motion to dismiss, in certain circumstances. You should speak to a Los Angeles DUI Lawyer, or criminal attorney, to discuss your case. We are going to take a look at the 995 motion in more detail.
This motion, the California Penal Code 995 motion to give it its full title, is used to ask a judge to dismiss one or all charges. The motion is made after the initial hearing, if the court decides to refer the case for trial.
Why is the 995 motion used?
The idea of having a pre-trial hearing in a case which involves a felony charge, is to decide whether the evidence is sufficient to refer the case for trial. If the judge decides that the evidence is sufficient, the case is referred for trial. It's at this point that a 995 motion can be filed, if the defense feels that the judges decision should be looked at again. The defense has to provide probable cause for the request. This has to be based on either:
 - The decision to refer the case for trial was not legal.
 - The case was referred for trial without probable cause.
What are these reasons for a 995 motion; let's look at them in more detail.
The committal to trial was made illegally
A defendant has certain rights which must be adhered to, during the pre-trial hearing. If any of these rights were not adhered to the committal to trial is not legal. Rights include, the opportunity to be represented by a lawyer and the chance to present witnesses and evidence.
There is no probable cause for committal
During the pre-trial hearing, the judge has to establish that there is probable cause to refer the case for trial. This does not mean that guilt has to be established at this point; that happens during the trial. It simply means that there has to be enough evidence to suggest that a reasonable person may be able to find the defendant guilty. If there is not sufficient evidence in place, the judge should not refer the case for trial.
You can see that a pre-trial hearing is intended to be the time and place where cases are only referred for trial if sufficient evidence is in place. If mistakes are made during this part of the process, a defendant could be unfairly committed for trial. This is why the 995 motion exists. It provides the opportunity for the defense to ask for the findings of the initial judge to be reconsidered.
The hearing for a 995 motion normally only lasts for around an hour and the judge normally provides a decision there and then; although they may sometimes take extra time. If the motion is granted then the related charge is dismissed. The prosecution can then appeal the decision or re-file the charge. It's important to note that most charges have a two dismissal rule attached. Once a charge has been dismissed twice it cannot be re-filed.
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The manchineel tree ("Hippomane mancinella") is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family. It is native to the Caribbean, the U.S. state of Florida, The Bahamas, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
The name "manchineel" (sometimes written "manchioneel") as well as the specific epithet "mancinella" is from Spanish manzanilla ("little apple"), from the superficial resemblance of its fruit and leaves to those of an apple tree. A present-day Spanish name is "manzanilla de la muerte", "little apple of death". This refers to the fact that manchineel is one of the most dangerous trees in the world. Manchineel is also known as "the beach apple".
All parts of the tree contain strong toxins, some unidentified. Its milky white sap contains phorbol and other skin irritants, producing strong allergic contact dermatitis.Standing beneath the tree during rain will cause blistering of the skin from mere contact with this liquid (even a small drop of rain with the milky substance in it will cause the skin to blister). The sap has also been known to damage the paint on cars Burning the tree may cause ocular injuries if the smoke reaches the eyes.
The fruit is possibly fatal if eaten.
More Info:


Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature
Mark Isaak _EMAIL_
Wordplay: Tautonyms
Tautonyms are those names composed of the same word twice (e.g., Vulpes vulpes, the red fox).
Plant Tautonyms
Official rules of Botanical Nomenclature forbid tautonyms. Still, a few exist as synonyms of the accepted names.
Lablab lablab (L.) Lyons (hyacinth bean) synonym for Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet.
Opuntia opuntia (L.) Karst. (eastern prickly pear) synonym for O. humifusa (Raf.) Raf. Linnaeus described Cactus opuntia, which was then moved to genus Opuntia, which had to be renamed because botany disallows tautonyms.
Thevetia thevetia (L.) H.Karst. (yellow oleander) synonym for Cascabela thevetia (L.) H.Lippold.
There are also several near-tautonyms in botany:
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeon pea)
Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin)
Inga ynga (Vell.) J.W.Moore (icecream bean) synonym for Inga edulis Mart.
Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Farw. (tomato) synonym for Solanum lycopersicum L.
Mammillaria mammillaris (L.) H.Karst. (mammillaria cactus)
Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana Loeske, 1910 (copper moss)
Oxycoccus oxycoccos (L.) MacMillan (cranberry) synonym for Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) R.D. Meikle (common jujube) synonym for Z. jujuba Miller.
Animal Tautonyms
A long list of animal tautonyms is here; it includes all the valid names I am aware of. Here are some record-setters from that list:
Loa loa (a nematode) - shortest tautonym.
Archigyrodactylus archigyrodactylus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 (flatworm) and Icelanonchohaptor icelanonchohaptor Leiby, Kritsky & Peterson, 1972 (flatworm) - longest tautonyms.
Bufo bufo bufo (European toad),
Naja naja naja (Sri Lankan cobra) - shortest trinomials.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes (L. 1758) (hawfinch) - longest trinomial
Other species are notable as three-way near misses; both parts of the binomial and the common name differ slightly:
Babyrousa babyrussa (babirusa, a wild pig)
Suricata suricatta (suricate or meerkat, a south African mongoose)
Tautonymic Meanings
Of more interest are those cases where the genus and species mean the same thing in two languages:
Amaradix bitterrootensis (Dunn, 1923) (flea) Latin/English "bitter-root of-bitter-root"
Anous stolidus L. (brown noddy) Greek/Latin: "stupid"
Anthrax carbo Rondani, 1875 (bee fly) Gk/La: "coal, ember"
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry) Gk/La: "berry-of-bear"
Ardea herodias L. (great blue heron) La/Gk: "heron"
Asio otus (L.) (long-eared owl) La/Gk: "horned owl"
Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby (Primulaceae) Gk: "star flax"/La: "flax starry"
Badisis ambulans McAlpine 1990 (wingless stilt-legged fly) Gk/La: "walking"
Balanus glandula Darwin, 1854 (acorn barnacle) Gk/La: "acorn little-acorn"
Brachyramphus brevirostris (Vigors, 1829) (Killitz's murrelet) Gk/La: "short beak"
Bycanistes bucinator (Temminck, 1824) (trumpeter hornbill) Gk/La: "trumpeter"
Castor fiber L. (European beaver) Gk/La: "beaver"
Cephalopyrus flammiceps (Burton, 1836) (fire-capped tit) Gk/La: "head-fire fire-head"
Cervus elaphus L. (red deer) La/Gk: "stag"
Corvus corax L. (crow) La/Gk: "crow"
Cygnus olor (Gmelin, 1789) (mute swan) Gk/La: "swan"
Diceros bicornis (L.) (black rhino) Gk/La: "two horns"
Equus caballus L. (horse) La/Gallic: "horse, nag"
Felis catus L. (domestic cat) La/La: "cat"
Gazella dorcas (L.) (dorcas gazelle) Arabic-Latin/Gk: "gazelle"
Hemicentetes semispinosus (G. Cuvier, 1789) (streaked tenrec) Gk/La: "half-prickle"
Kryptopterus cryptopterus (Bleeker, 1851) (blue sheathfish) Gk/Gk: "hidden-fin"
Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) Literally (in Latin) "fluid-ambergris flowing-styrax". Ambar is more commonly but less accurately associated with the amber from plant resins, and styrax is both a plant and the resin it produces, so "fluid-resin fluid-resin" would be a reasonable translation.
Megaceryle alcyon (L.) (belted kingfisher) Gk/La: "big kingfisher kingfisher"; it has also been known by the fully tautonymous synonym Ceryle alcyon.
Melanitta nigra (L.) (common scoter) Gk/La: "black duck black"
Nucifraga caryocatactes (L.) (European nutcracker) La/Gk: "nutcracker"
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) (noctule) Gk/La: "little night"
Ovis aries L. (domestic sheep) La/Gk: "sheep"
Pecari tajacu (L.) (peccary) Spanish word / Portuguese transcriptions of the Guarani "tajasu": peccary
Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk. (Serbian spruce) La/Serbian: "spruce Serbian-spruce"
Pogona barbata (Cuvier, 1829) (bearded lizard) Gk/La: "bearded"
Potamon fluviatile (Herbst, 1785) (crab) Gk/La: "river creature found in river"
Silurus glanis L. (European catfish) La/Gk: "catfish"
Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rutolphi, 1802) (helminth) Gk/La: "ball-mouth ball-opening"
Symphalangus syndactylus (Raffles, 1821) (Siamang gibbon) Gk/Gk: "joined-toe-bone joined-toe"
Tetracerus quadricornis (Blainville, 1816) (four-horned antelope) Gr/La: "four-horned four-horn"
Tibicen auletes Germar, 1834 (northern dusk-singing cicada) La/Gk: "flutist". There is also Auletes tubicen (a weevil), "flutist trumpeter".
Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas, 1767) (archerfish) Gk/La: "dart-shooter"
Tragopan satyra (L.) (Himalayan pheasant) Pan and satyrs are commonly represented with legs of goats; "trago-" is Greek for goat.
Trionyx triunguis (Forskal, 1775) (African soft-shelled turtle) Gk/La: "three-claws"
Upupa epops L. 1758 (hoopoe) La/Gk: hoopoe
Ursus arctos L. (brown bear) La/Gk: "bear"
Xiphias gladius L. (swordfish) Gk/La: "sword"
Equisetum Subg. Hippochaete (J. Milde) Baker (horsetail) La/Gk: "horse bristle"
Finally, these pairs of species deserves note:
Lonic


Murdoch Stephens: NZers who welcome immigration should get off the fence
New Zealand is among the most welcoming nations on earth to immigrants and their cultures. Photo / Nick Reed
Last year saw plenty of opportunity to use the word "xenophobe" to describe people who are fearful of strangers and foreign people.
2016 was the year where the major English-speaking countries' voters turned inwards and away from the world. Brexit and Trump seemed synonymous with a fear and dislike of the foreigner.
The coming year will be different as we've already seen with international condemnation of Trump's ban on Muslim immigration. People can no longer sit on the fence. And so 2017 will become the year of the xenophile.
A xenophile is a person who has affection for, or is attracted to, foreign peoples, manners or cultures. Xenophiles like to explore the world and the people in it. They consciously put fears to the side because they know they would miss out on much of life if they avoided new experiences.
The difference between the xenophobe and the xenophile does not come down to the nation.
While most people associate xenophobia with nationalism and a dislike of foreigners, the prefix "xeno-" means stranger as well as foreigner. A xenophobe from Invercargill may have little time for Aucklanders.
There are all sorts of differences that trouble the xenophobe: skin colour, culture and religion are the obvious ones.
The fear at the heart of xenophobia is a fear of difference so you're likely to find a rural xenophobe disliking city people, or a sexist xenophobe fearing feminists.
Xenophiles are just as complex. Just because the xenophile is interested in other cultures it does not mean they don't love their own culture.
When we first hear of a kind of person who is the opposite of the xenophobe we might think of a person who fully adopts the culture of another country. But that sort of thinking has as much in common with the generalising of the xenophobe and is rarely sustained.
Xenophiles, by contrast, are happy in their own skin but are also attracted to the rest of the world.
It is the softer understanding of xenophile that will triumph in 2017: the love of other cultures for the languages, arts, foods and the refreshing new experiences that they provide.
It is at this point that an extreme xenophobe - or should we just call a racist a racist? - will point to the treatment of women in Saudi Arabia or of homosexuals in Iran.
Now aside from these xenophobes' genuine concern for feminist or queer rights - I don't doubt that for a second - the repugnant behaviours of one or two foreign countries will be generalised to argue that there exists an unbridgeable chasm between Islam and the Christian world, or the East and West, or just "us Kiwis" and "bloody foreigners".
In the "Double the Quota" refugee campaign, we sometimes witness the peculiar spectacle of xenophobes arguing against a fair increase in the quota based on other countries' treatment of women.
But our refugee intake privileges women-at-risk and families with children. Their fantasy of a refugee quota comprised of young Muslim men shows that these xenophobes know little about global refugee issues and are drawn to fear and hatred in direct opposition to the facts of the matter.
Is it a bit presumptuous to think that just a year after Trump and Brexit that 2017 would see the opposite focus on welcoming the stranger? Maybe. But those who think that the victory of Trump and Brexit indicate a generational movement of xenophobia and turning away from the world are missing an important point.
As with the anti-TPP protests in New Zealand, the antipathy towards globalism is more about economics than a dislike for foreign people.
Trump's win and Brexit both used xenophobic language, but the average voter seemed far more likely to point to the economy than immigration.
An Ipsos poll from September 2016 showed New Zealanders far more open to immigrants and refugees than 22 other countries. Part of this is because of the number of well-travelled New Zealanders, who were more favourable to being open to the world. We were the most likely country of all polled to agree that immigrants make the country a more interesting place to live.
The xenophile will triumph in 2017 for little reason more than New Zealanders have always been xenophiles. It's just that this year will be the first in some time that we will need an actual word to describe our openness to the stranger.
- Murdoch Stephens is a campaigner for New Zealand to enlarge its annual refugee intake.
- NZ Herald
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Fungus makes violins sound 'like Stradivarius'
10 September 2012, 10:42 | Updated: 30 September 2014, 14:20
Fungi can make a new violin sound like a Stradivarius, a Swiss wood researcher has discovered. His research has shown that treating the wood of a new violin with a specific fungus (Physisporinus vitreus and Xylaria longipes) can increase the elasticity and change acoustics of the instrument's body.
Stradivarius violins were made from a kind of wood particular to the late 17th century violin-maker's environment. The wood was said to have lower density and higher elasticity, exactly the same qualities that the fungus-treated wood aims to recreate.
Professor Schwarze of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology made the discovery, commenting: "The unique feature of these fungi is that they gradually degrade the cell walls, thus inducing a thinning of the walls. But even in the late stages of the wood decomposition, a stiff scaffold structure remains via which the sound waves can still travel directly."
It is hoped that the discovery will mean student players will in the future be able to learn on instruments with a higher-quality sound than standard beginner models.
Professor Schwarze also said it would "give young musicians the opportunity to play on a violin with the sound quality of an expensive - and for most musicians unaffordable - Stradivarius."


text:
In The Gambia, free computer courses lead to jobs and self-respect
BANJUL, The Gambia — A graduation ceremony last month has boosted the number of computer graduates from classes offered free by the local Bahá'í community to more than 900.
Since 1998, the Bahá'ís have arranged the classes to help people who cannot otherwise obtain computer skills to get a job.
Students have ranged from teenagers to the middle-aged, and include both men and women, said local Bahá'í spokesman Faramarz Shams.
Many graduates use their newly-gained skills in jobs that they have obtained after completing the courses, Mr. Shams said.
"The students come from the Islamic, Christian, and Bahá'í communities and include teachers, students, and business people," he said.
The courses, offered at basic and advanced levels, usually involve two sessions of two hours per week for three months. The teachers are Gambian Bahá'ís and Bahá'í youth volunteers from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.
The country's only television station and both its major newspapers regularly cover the graduation ceremonies. On 18 December 2005, 56 students received their graduation certificates.
In a speech at the ceremony, one of the graduates, Fatou Cham, 24, expressed her gratitude for the courses.
"I would like to thank the entire Bahá'í community for their tireless efforts to disseminate knowledge in The Gambia at no cost," said Ms. Cham, a Muslim.
"I can remember back in 2000 when I attended the basic Bahá'í computer training I could not even move a mouse, but after the course I built up a lot of interest in computing," she said.
"I hope that other institutions will emulate (the Bahá'í) efforts and empower people with more 'IT' knowledge."
The computers used in the training were donated by Bahá'ís of The Gambia, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
Classes were initially held in a rental property but they have moved to a specially designed room in the new national Bahá'í centre, which opened last year.
— Bahá'í World News Service


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OBJECTIVE: Four experiments were conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of dynamic vibrotactile collision-warning signals in potentially enhancing safe driving. BACKGROUND: Auditory neuroscience research has demonstrated that auditory signals that move toward a person are more salient than those that move away. If this looming effect were found to extend to the tactile modality, then it could be utilized in the context of in-car warning signal design. METHOD: The effectiveness of various vibrotactile warning signals was assessed using a simulated car-following task. The vibrotactile warning signals consisted of dynamic toward-/away-from-torso cues (Experiment 1), dynamic versus static vibrotactile cues (Experiment 2), looming-intensityand constant-intensity-toward-torso cues (Experiment 3), and static cues presented on the hands or on the waist, having either a low or high vibration intensity (Experiment 4). RESULTS: Braking reaction times (BRTs) were significantly faster for toward-torso as compared to away-from-torso cues (Experiments 1 and 2) and static cues (Experiment 2). This difference could not have been attributed to differential responses to signals delivered to different body parts (i.e., the waist vs. hands; Experiment 4). Embedding a looming-intensity signal into the toward-torso signal did not result in any additional BRT benefits (Experiment 3). CONCLUSION: Dynamic vibrotactile cues that feel as though they are approaching the torso can be used to communicate information concerning external events, resulting in a significantly faster reaction time to potential collisions. APPLICATION: Dynamic vibrotactile warning signals that move toward the body offer great potential for the design of future in-car collision-warning system.
Original publication
Journal article
Hum Factors
Publication Date
329 - 346
break reaction time, car following, driving, front-to-rear-end collision, haptic, interface design, Accidents, Traffic, Adult, Automobile Driving, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Touch, Vibration, Young Adult


DKIM DNS Configuration
To configure your domain for DKIM, you will want to add a TXT Record to your domain's DNS file.
1. Sign in to the administrator console/portal provided by your domain provider.
2. Locate the page/section within your console/portal where you can update your DNS records, commonly referred to as Zone File(s).
3. Using the information provided by Redtail's technicians, you will create a TXT record. The information provided will be comprised of two pieces of data. A sample of the data is listed below:
Domain Key:
Domain Signature:
v=DKIM1; k=rsa; " "p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDGCjltfKIKmzhiMiMPXe/hgUEzfaoEx+87OtucpeZ0kajCfapuyGTmDuvonTy+ra5Fz+qjV6To1U/e9cp8FBfyZxx9/hc9E+jmBSXf1QGlwpe5srOSfQP85bkqSgRajSP/0b/ST6A4YVUo1LqgL3CKRK9ygflcKv4Xtr6G4OBtNwIDAQAB
Please note that domain registrars use different names for the fields associated with a TXT record. For Example, GoDaddy has fields named Host and Text Value, while Google Domains has fields named Name and Data.
4. After selecting to add a TXT record, you will replace the data in the field that contains the "@" with the Domain Key
5. Next, you will leave the TTL to it's default setting.
6. Lastly, you will add the Domain Signature to the Data/Value field.
Below is a sample DKIM record that was added to Google Domains:
If you have trouble or need assistance adding DKIM, it is strongly suggested that you contact your domain registrar. If you do reach out to Redtail Support for assistance, it is best to provide us with the name of the domain registrar and a screen shot from the administrator console/portal showing the fields for TXT record creation.
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text:
Finnish researchers find explanation for sliding friction
Friction is a key phenomenon in applied physics, whose origin has been studied for centuries. Until now, it has been understood that mechanical wear-resistance and fluid lubrication affect friction, but the fundamental origin of sliding friction has been unknown.
Dr. Lasse Makkonen, Principal Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, has now presented an explanation for the origin of sliding friction between solid objects. According to his theory, the amount of friction depends on the surface energy of the materials in question.
Friction has a substantial effect on many everyday phenomena, such as energy consumption. Makkonen's model is the first to enable quantitative calculation of the friction coefficient of materials.
According to Makkonen's theory, the amount of friction is related to the material's surface energy. Friction originates in nanoscale contacts, as the result of new surface formation. The theory explains the generation of frictional force and frictional heating in dry contact. It can be applied in calculating the friction coefficient of various material combinations. The model also enables the manipulation of friction by selecting certain surface materials or materials used in lubrication layers, on the basis of the surface energy between them.
Makkonen's theory on sliding friction was published in the journal AIP Advances of the American Institute of Physics. The research was funded by the Academy of Finland and the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation.
More information: A thermodynamic model of sliding friction: _URL_ … dbi/v2/i1/p012179_s1
Journal information: AIP Advances
Provided by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland


text:
Definition of Fear of feces
Fear of feces: An abnormal and persistent fear of feces (bowel waste). Sufferers of this fear experience anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. They go out of their way to avoid coming into contact with feces or sometimes even seeing feces.
Fear of feces is termed "coprophobia," a word derived from the Greek "kopros" (dung) and "phobos" (fear). Alternate names: Koprophobia, scatophobia.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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text:
Year 6 Eagles discussed unity and harmony.
They discussed their ideas of what it meant, talking about working together, ensuring there is no war, hatred or fights.
We looked at the story of Noah and how in Christianity, the story is told as God asking Noah to unite the people and follow his commandments. As the people didn't, God sent rain for 40 days and 40 nights resulting in only Noah and his family being saved from the flood.
Year 6 then discussed Jainism, the oldest Indian language, older than Hinduism. It taught unity and harmony and as with all other religionsit taught forgiveness. A huge emphasis is put on forgiveness and the class discussed why.
"It makes you feel better."
"To forgive means you keep your friends."
In Jainism they used forgiveness circles and the class used this concept to research some forgiveness quotes. It turned out that the children were inspired to write their own!
Have a look and see what you think…


text:
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This paper reports the first electronic circuit used to measure MEMS resonator motion in the time domain. The measurement of shuttle position is made using a capacitance-to-voltage converter IC that has been developed by combining correlated double sampling with delta modulation in a fully differential circuit topology. This oversampling circuit may be adjusted to trade bandwidth (sample rate) for resolution, while reference level may be adjusted to set the desired sensitivity to accommodate a large range of capacitive sensor interface applications. For example, test results demonstrate a resolution of 170 aF for a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, a 68-dB dynamic range, and nonlinearity less than 0.16%.