A model is a python class representing a CQL table. Models derive from Model, and define basic table properties and columns for a table.
Columns in your models map to columns in your CQL table. You define CQL columns by defining column attributes on your model classes. For a model to be valid it needs at least one primary key column and one non-primary key column. Just as in CQL, the order you define your columns in is important, and is the same order they are defined in on a model's corresponding table.
Some basic examples defining models are shown below. Consult the Model API docs and Column API docs for complete details.
Example Definitions
This example defines a Person table, with the columns first_name and last_name
from cassandra.cqlengine import columns
from cassandra.cqlengine.models import Model
 class Person(Model):
 id = columns.UUID(primary_key=True)
 first_name = columns.Text()
 last_name = columns.Text()
The Person model would create this CQL table:
CREATE TABLE cqlengine.person (
 id uuid,
 first_name text,
 last_name text,
 PRIMARY KEY (id)
Here's an example of a comment table created with clustering keys, in descending order:
from cassandra.cqlengine import columns
from cassandra.cqlengine.models import Model
class Comment(Model):
 photo_id = columns.UUID(primary_key=True)
 comment_id = columns.TimeUUID(primary_key=True, clustering_order="DESC")
 comment = columns.Text()
The Comment model's create table would look like the following:
CREATE TABLE comment (
 photo_id uuid,
 comment_id timeuuid,
 comment text,
 PRIMARY KEY (photo_id, comment_id)
To sync the models to the database, you may do the following*:
from import sync_table
*Note: synchronizing models causes schema changes, and should be done with caution. Please see the discussion in - Schema management for cqlengine for considerations.
For examples on manipulating data and creating queries, see Making Queries
Manipulating model instances as dictionaries
Model instances can be accessed like dictionaries.
class Person(Model):
 first_name = columns.Text()
 last_name = columns.Text()
kevin = Person.create(first_name="Kevin", last_name="Deldycke")
dict(kevin) # returns {'first_name': 'Kevin', 'last_name': 'Deldycke'}
kevin['first_name'] # returns 'Kevin'
kevin.keys() # returns ['first_name', 'last_name']
kevin.values() # returns ['Kevin', 'Deldycke']
kevin.items() # returns [('first_name', 'Kevin'), ('last_name', 'Deldycke')]
kevin['first_name'] = 'KEVIN5000' # changes the models first name
Extending Model Validation
Each time you save a model instance in cqlengine, the data in the model is validated against the schema you've defined for your model. Most of the validation is fairly straightforward, it basically checks that you're not trying to do something like save text into an integer column, and it enforces the required flag set on column definitions. It also performs any transformations needed to save the data properly.
However, there are often additional constraints or transformations you want to impose on your data, beyond simply making sure that Cassandra won't complain when you try to insert it. To define additional validation on a model, extend the model's validation method:
class Member(Model):
 person_id = UUID(primary_key=True)
 name = Text(required=True)
 def validate(self):
 super(Member, self).validate()
 if == 'jon':
 raise ValidationError('no jon\'s allowed')
Note: while not required, the convention is to raise a ValidationError (from cassandra.cqlengine import ValidationError) if validation fails.
Model Inheritance
It is possible to save and load different model classes using a single CQL table. This is useful in situations where you have different object types that you want to store in a single cassandra row.
For instance, suppose you want a table that stores rows of pets owned by an owner:
class Pet(Model):
 __table_name__ = 'pet'
 owner_id = UUID(primary_key=True)
 pet_id = UUID(primary_key=True)
 pet_type = Text(discriminator_column=True)
 name = Text()
 def eat(self, food):
 def sleep(self, time):
class Cat(Pet):
 __discriminator_value__ = 'cat'
 cuteness = Float()
 def tear_up_couch(self):
class Dog(Pet):
 __discriminator_value__ = 'dog'
 fierceness = Float()
 def bark_all_night(self):
After calling sync_table on each of these tables, the columns defined in each model will be added to the pet table. Additionally, saving Cat and Dog models will save the meta data needed to identify each row as either a cat or dog.
To setup a model structure with inheritance, follow these steps
 1. Create a base model with a column set as the distriminator (distriminator_column=True in the column definition)
 2. Create subclass models, and define a unique __discriminator_value__ value on each
 3. Run sync_table on each of the sub tables
About the discriminator value
The discriminator value is what cqlengine uses under the covers to map logical cql rows to the appropriate model type. The base model maintains a map of discriminator values to subclasses. When a specialized model is saved, its discriminator value is automatically saved into the discriminator column. The discriminator column may be any column type except counter and container types. Additionally, if you set index=True on your discriminator column, you can execute queries against specialized subclasses, and a WHERE clause will be automatically added to your query, returning only rows of that type. Note that you must define a unique __discriminator_value__ to each subclass, and that you can only assign a single discriminator column per model.
User Defined Types
cqlengine models User Defined Types (UDTs) much like tables, with fields defined by column type attributes. However, UDT instances are only created, presisted, and queried via table Models. A short example to introduce the pattern:
from cassandra.cqlengine.columns import *
from cassandra.cqlengine.models import Model
from cassandra.cqlengine.usertype import UserType
class address(UserType):
 street = Text()
 zipcode = Integer()
class users(Model):
 __keyspace__ = 'account'
 name = Text(primary_key=True)
 addr = UserDefinedType(address)
users.create(name="Joe", addr=address(street="Easy St.", zipcode=99999))
user = users.objects(name="Joe")[0]
print, user.addr
# Joe address(street=u'Easy St.', zipcode=99999)
UDTs are modeled by inheriting UserType, and setting column type attributes. Types are then used in defining models by declaring a column of type UserDefinedType, with the UserType class as a parameter.
sync_table will implicitly synchronize any types contained in the table. Alternatively sync_type() can be used to create/alter types explicitly.
Upon declaration, types are automatically registered with the driver, so query results return instances of your UserType class*.
*Note: UDTs were not added to the native protocol until v3. When setting up the cqlengine connection, be sure to specify protocol_version=3. If using an earlier version, UDT queries will still work, but the returned type will be a namedtuple.


text:
EIA joins The Climate Pledge
Edmonton International Airport became the first airport in the world to join The Climate Pledge in the spring of 2021, committing to being carbon neutral by 2040.
The Climate Pledge is an international initiative for organizations and corporations who are committed to meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate 10 years ahead of schedule. It was founded by Amazon and environmental organization Global Optimism in 2019.
As part of The Climate Pledge, EIA is committing to three principal areas of action:
- Regular Reporting: measure and report greenhouse gas emissions on a regular basis;
- Carbon Elimination: implement decarbonization strategies in line with the Paris Agreement through real business changes and innovations, including efficiency improvements, renewable energy, materials reductions, and other carbon emission elimination strategies;
- Credible Offsets: neutralize any remaining emissions with additional, quantifiable, real, permanent, and socially-beneficial offsets to achieve net zero annual carbon emissions by 2040.
One of the core values for Edmonton International Airport is to be dedicated to sustainability. To reflect this value, airport leadership recognized the need to find other leaders the airport could partner with to identify opportunities to reduce climate change emissions and introduce sustainable innovation in our sector. As an international gateway, Edmonton International Airport identified The Climate Pledge as a global network of organizations that share its values and actively sought out to join this movement.
There will be no immediate changes for passengers at EIA related to The Climate Pledge. There will be no mandatory fees or costs charged to passengers to meet this agreement.
In the future, the airport will offer voluntary options for passengers to directly offset or help lower carbon emissions linked to their flights and activities. These are still in development.
Using public transit to come to EIA is one action passengers can currently take and land remains set aside for an LRT connection into the City of Edmonton when that is possible in the future.
Learn more about actions Edmonton International Airport is taking to reduce its carbon emissions and become more sustainable.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
John Landis Mason
Born 1832 – Died February 26, 1902
Improvement in Screw-Neck Bottles
Patent No. 22,186
John Mason invented and patented the first glass jar with a screw-on cap in
From early human history, farmers searched for a method to keep food
from spoiling. Prior to canning, foods were dried, smoked and salted, or
soaked in sugar for preservation. Other methods of canning preceded Mason's,
but did not provide long-term food preservation and were extremely
cumbersome. Mason, a tinsmith, developed a square-shouldered jar that
provided an airtight seal. The jar had a threaded neck and a threaded metal
cap that screwed down over a rubber seal to the jar's shoulder, creating an
airtight seal. The jars offered a more reliable method of preserving foods
and were an immediate success.
With the increased safety and convenience of canning, urban populations were
able to take advantage of fresh produce. The jars were affordable and
re-useable and allowed for preservation of garden or farm produce such as
tomatoes, pickles, fruits, and relish for use in the winter.
Mason jars were an integral part of food preservation for the next 100
years. Although canning decreased in popularity as refrigeration and other
forms of food preservation emerged, the Mason jar is still today the common
term for the fruit jar and used in home canning.
A native of Philadelphia, Mason was born in 1832 and becamea tinsmith by trade. Because most mason jars were produced by rivals after his patent expired in 1879, Mason did not become wealthy from his profitable invention. He died a pauper in New York City in 1902.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Purdue University Study Finds Westinghouse AP1000 Shield Building Is Well Designed to Withstand Stro
June 2, 2011
PITTSBURGH, June 2, 2011 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ - Purdue University researchers have completed large-scale tests to verify the structural integrity of the shield building that contains the main components of the Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear power plant. The researchers determined that the structure is flexible and strong enough to withstand earthquake forces more powerful than federal design requirements, and that the structure provides a significant reserve margin to ensure radiation is contained.
The study was conducted at Purdue University's Bowen Laboratory, which is internationally recognized for structural testing of large-scale components. This large-scale testing program was led by Dr. Amit H. Varma, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at Purdue University. Dr. Varma is a University Faculty Scholar, Director of the Center for Structural Engineering and Emerging Technologies for Nuclear Power Plants, and internationally recognized for his role in current efforts to develop an American Institute of Steel Construction specification for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for safety related nuclear facilities.
The AP1000 shield building design employs an inner steel-wall containment vessel and an outer radiation shield made using a technology called steel-concrete-composite construction. Instead of using more conventional reinforced concrete, which is concrete filled with steel bars, the steel-concrete approach uses a sandwich of steel faceplates filled with concrete.
"We conducted a large-scale testing program that included more than twenty full-scale tests on the fundamental out-of-plane behavior, in-plane behavior, anchorage performance, and composite behavior of the steel-concrete composite design used for the shield building," said Dr. Varma. "Some of our test specimens were 40 feet long and 3 feet by 3 feet in cross-sections, requiring the use of our two 30-ton capacity cranes to lift and place in the test setup. The specimens were tested using multiple hydraulic rams capable of exerting 1 million pounds of force each. We had carefully designed and deployed sensors to measure the fundamental behavior and load carrying capacity of the specimens."
Besides the experimental program, researchers at Purdue University also developed and benchmarked extremely complex state-of-the-art computer models to simulate the measured behavior of the tested specimens. The experimental and computational research complemented each other, and enhanced the robustness and fidelity of the whole effort.
Michael Corletti, Director of New Plant Engineering at Westinghouse said, "The benchmarked models were used to investigate and evaluate the behavior of the steel-composite shield building design subjected to different extreme design and beyond design-basis loading scenarios including aircraft impact, earthquakes, tornado, missile impact, etc."
Dr. Varma added, "Most importantly, the benchmarked computational models were used to demonstrate the performance, overall ductility, and the seismic design philosophy used for the AP1000 shield building design when subjected to safe-shutdown and then beyond design-basis earthquakes."
The large-scale experimental and computational benchmarking research at Purdue was funded by Westinghouse, and the findings will be submitted to the U.S. NRC.
Purdue University Bowen Laboratory
Purdue University's Bowen Laboratory is an international authority in civil engineering and the research and testing of civil structures. The National Science Foundation announced in 2010 that Purdue will lead a new center, funded with a $105 million NSF grant, called the George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, or NEES.
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
With 15,000 employees worldwide, Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, a group company of Toshiba Corporation (tky:6502), is the world's pioneering nuclear energy company and is a leading supplier of nuclear plant products and technologies to utilities throughout the world. Westinghouse employs more than 9,000 employees in the U.S., with over 4,000 currently involved in nuclear manufacturing activities through six states. In 1957, Westinghouse supplied the world's first PWR in the Western Pennsylvania town of Shippingport. Today, Westinghouse technology is the basis for approximately one-half of the world's operating nuclear plants, including 60 percent of those in the United States and 40 percent worldwide.
SOURCE Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
Copyright (C) 2011 PR Newswire. All rights reserved
June 17, 2013
The Bindley Bioscience Center (BBC) is hosting life science industry leaders to engage in an open conversation and identify priority areas that will meet their needs in the coming decadeRead Full Story
June 17, 2013
The Bindley Bioscience Center (BBC) is hosting life science industry leaders to engage in an open conversation and identify priority areas that will meet their needs in the coming decade.Read Full Story
June 13, 2013
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - The Purdue Energy Center in Discovery Park is gearing up for the second Energy Academy at Purdue, working in collaboration with utility giant Duke Energy Corp. to prepare the next generation of sustainable energy leaders.Read Full Story


Cow with better body condition has stronger calving process
Body condition scoring refers to evaluating the amount of body fat in a cow (or any other animal).
This cow has a body condition score of 6, meaning she is ideal. All ribs are covered, and her hooks and pins are becoming rounded. Photo provided by Joe Paschal.
Under normal grazing conditions, cows carrying more body fat are more efficient because they are more adapted to their environment. Cows (and bulls) that are more adapted to their environment are more fertile and productive.
The value of body condition scoring has been known since at least the early 1960s when Dr. J. N. Wiltbank reported that cows in better body condition, or that were increasing body condition, had a greater chance of getting bred, maintaining the pregnancy and getting rebred earlier after calving.
Early body condition scores were simply thin, average and fat. These visually estimated the amount of fat covering the backbone, ribs, hooks and pin bones. Later the scores were given a range of numbers from 1 (emaciated, very thin) to 9 (obese, very fat) with a score of 5 being average.
Dairy producers and Australians use a similar score, but the range is 1 (emaciated) to 5 (obese) and 2.5 is average. Both evaluate condition in the same manner.
Unless cows have been deprived of forage or feed for an extended time or have been sick or are very old, few are scored 1 or 2. These scores indicate a total loss of external fat cover and even severe muscle loss. Most of the bones are easily noticeable. Allowing cows to become or remain in these condition scores is considered inhumane.
This cow has a body condition score of 4. Most of her ribs are showing, but her backbone has some fat cover, but her hooks and pins are angular with no fat cover. Photo contributed by Joe Paschal.
A BCS 3 cow's backbone is easily noticed, as are all her ribs. Cows are considered BCS 4 if their backbone has some fat cover and their fore ribs are covered. A BCS 5 has all ribs covered and hooks (hipbones) and pins (tailbones) are rounded.
If a cow's ribs are covered and the area between her hooks and pins is filling in with fat, the cow is BCS 6.
A BCS 7 has a rounded appearance from her hooks to pins (with all other bones well covered).
Cows fatter than BCS 7 are obviously quite fat. BCS of 8 or 9 are unnecessary as there is no advantage for this additional fat and in fact, it could create problems at calving.
Ideally, a cow should calve in BCS 5 and a heifer as a 6. Typically, a whole BCS is lost at calving. Cows and heifers should be evaluated for BCS 60-90 days prior to calving to allow time to gradually increase it prior to calving. Once a cow or heifer calves and begins to milk, it is nearly impossible to increase condition; however, it is better to try late than never. Evaluate BCS for the entire herd but treat individuals by supplementing.
Females that calve in better BCS (up to and including a 7) tend to be easier calving (less stress, especially heifers), have more vigorous calves, produce a higher quality and quantity of colostrum and milk, go through reinvolution of the reproductive tract more quickly and come into estrus (heat) earlier and breed earlier. This leads to calves born earlier in the season, which will be heavier at weaning and be worth more.
There are a number of publications on body condition scoring at the Texas A&M AgriLife Animal Science Extension website
via source the Victoria Advocate | Cow with better body condition has stronger calving process
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text:
Reducing emissions of data centre activity
Microsoft Ireland Research has been working on electricity grid research that allows the exact energy consumption and emissions to be measured for any piece of computation performed in a data centre. This allows past or predicted emissions to be calculated for any computation performed in the cloud
and opens the doorway to measuring and reducing the emissions produced by data centres around the world.
In a paper presented at the 11th international conference on Electrical Power Quality And Utilisation
, Conor Kelly of Microsoft Ireland and Antonio Ruzzelli of University College Dublin outlined how data centre emissions can be calculated, and presented sample measurements showing that performing computation when ample wind energy was available on the grid emitted less than 1% of the emissions of the same piece of computation performed at another time when the bulk of the electricity consumed was produced by fossil fuel power plants.
As carbon taxes, emissions trading and environmental imperatives become an increasing influence around the world, and the EU looks to slash carbon emissions by 30 percent from 1990 levels by 2020, measuring and controlling the emissions resulting from the energy consumed in data centres will become as important as controlling the energy consumption itself. The research puts in place the calculations required to understand these emissions, which can in turn be used to inform their reduction. This opens up another path to reducing the growing emissions produced by data centres worldwide.
Putting a CO2 Figure on a Piece of Computation has been published by the IEEE and can be viewed here.


The Government of Trinidad & Tobago National Library And Information System Authority
Queen of the Sheba Imperial African Kingdoms Descendant Nations
Trinidadian born North-African Royal, Her Imperial Majesty Empress Shebah 'Ra – Queen Shebah lll was born in 1963 in Diego Martin, Trinidad, the 4th generation of migrated Nubian-Kushites of Nubia-Sheba Sudan, North-African Royals Ancestry. Queen Shebah III, as all of the family, lived a normal unassuming life in Trinidad and Tobago, and attended the Diego Martin Girls Roman Catholic School, and later Providence Girls Convent in Belmont, Trinidad.
Shebah III was born on September 19th 1963 to Asere - Kasambu 'Ra lines descendants, H.R.M Prince Michael I and H.R.M Queen Meryre/Mary 'Ra VII, the daughter of the late Nubian Imperial Matriarch Iris Meryre II, in Trinidad and Tobago, holding in accordance to Imperial Kingdoms tradition at birth as future Matriarch, the title of Imperial Queen, Shebah lll. Shebah III is the Sovereign Imperial Empress of the African Nubian Nations' Imperial Empire Kingdom of Sheba. The Sheba Imperial Empire Kingdoms is the Matriarchal Empire of Nubian Royal Kingdoms Nation throughout East, West, North, Southern and Central Africa Sheba/Nubia descendant Nations Lines of Africa's over 350 Major Empire Kingdom Nations and several thousand Royal Kingdom and Chiefdoms Nations on the African Continent.
H.I.M. Empress Shebah 'Ra – Queen Shebah III is the firstborn Grand-daughter of the late Imperial Empire Matriarch Iris Meryre II and a great-descendant Grand-daughter of the Royal Throne lines of King Abdul Shibah III. Shebah III is of the Northern Shibah Lines House of 'Ra - Asere Kasambu'Ra, 2nd Millennium 7th Dynasty Kingdoms Lineage of the Empire Kingdom Lines Nations of Sheba Imperial Empire of the descendant Empires and Royal Kingdoms Nations of Africa, of the House of Ra, Matriarchal Throne Line. The House of Ra is not an Islamic line, though the Empire Kingdom has both Islamic and non-Islamic Kingdom Nations under the Matriarchal Throne. It is from origin the Christian and traditional spiritual practices and beliefs lines. The Imperial Empire lines were a separate family line/branch of the Thrones' Islamic Royal lines of the Kingdom of Nubia descendants of present-day Nubia. The lines separated several centuries ago. ( Nalis BIOGRAPHIES S-Z )
Empress Shebah 'Ra - III Queen Of Sheba
SHEBAH III was born in Sierre Leone Diego Martin, Trinidad of its Northern Range St.Anns, Maraval and Paramin Family lines.
The island of Trinidad was a Spanish colony from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498 to the capitulation of the Spanish Governor, Don José María Chacón, on the arrival of a British fleet of 18 warships on 18 February 1797.[12] During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among SpanishBritishFrenchDutch and Courlander colonizers, more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago (remaining separate until 1889) were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens.[13] The country Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.
Trinidad and Tobago is the third richest country by GDP (PPP) per capita in the Americas after the United States and Canada. Furthermore, it is recognised as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the country's economy is primarily industrial,[14] with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals. The country's wealth is attributed to its large reserves and exploitation of oil and natural gas.[15][16]


Updated July 15, 2020:
Transferring rental property to LLC is one way property owners can protect their assets in case of legal action. Even property that is put into trust does not have as much protection from liability as rental property transferred to a limited liability company.
A land trust does provide some protection against frivolous lawsuits because most of the property can be under an anonymous owner. This means when a party tries to sue you, they will not find much property listed under your name. Thus, they might not file a suit against you or include that property value in their suit. In a valid lawsuit, however, the property is seen as an asset and can be sought in a judgment.
To provide additional protection for your property, you can move it to an LLC, an s corporation, or a limited partnership. One of the most popular options, due to its tax accounting and easy maintenance, is transferring it to an LLC.
Once you have transferred the property, the tax bills will no longer be in your name but in the LLC's. You must also change your insurance to make sure it's still valid when you transfer the property to an LLC.
How to Transfer the Title of a Property From a Person to an LLC
It is common for owners of both investment and rental real estate to transfer property titles from their name to that of an LLC to help protect their assets. Transferring the property can also help limit your liability if someone suffers an injury on your property and files a lawsuit. Transferring a property title to an LLC requires eight steps:
 1. If the property still has a mortgage, you must contact your lender. Even if the title is under the LLC, you will still need to make timely mortgage payments and be responsible for late payments. Some lenders might require you to pay the mortgage in full before transferring the property, while others will allow you to transfer the title as long as you remain fully responsible for the mortgage. You might have to refinance the mortgage and use your established income to guarantee payment. You might also be required to sign a guarantee.
 2. Complete the formation of your LLC. If you have not yet done so, file your Articles of Organization along with any fees and their forms with your state's corporations division.
 3. You will need to file for a federal tax ID number and open a business bank account. If your business has more than one owner or has employees, you will need to fill out the appropriate form to obtain an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS. There is no fee for obtaining an EIN. You will need this number to open business bank accounts, take out loans, file taxes, and process employee payroll.
 4. You will need to obtain a form for the property's deed. You can secure a deed form from your county recorder's office or online, or you can have a lawyer prepare the deed for you. Deed forms can vary from state to state, so make sure you have the right one for your property's location.
 5. You will need to fill out the quitclaim or warranty deed form. On the form, you will be listed as the grantor and the LLC will become the grantee. There might be a section in which to list the purchase price or "consideration." If you are not exchanging money for the property, contact the county recorder or look up state laws to find the minimum consideration required.
 6. Sign the deed to transfer it over to the LLC officially. Check your state law to see if the signing requires witnesses or notarization.
 7. Record your deed with the proper entities. You will need to have your deed recorded by sending it to the registrar's office to keep on public record.
 8. Change any lease agreements that might be in effect. Update all leases to reflect the LLC as the landlord now instead of yourself. Make sure rent payments are now made out to the LLC and get deposited in the business bank account.


text:
In addition to using data manipulation statements directly, as just described, it is also possible to manipulate table data by calling a procedure. Procedures perform the specific data manipulations laid out in the procedure definition.
Any SQL statement in the grouping procedural-sql-statement, see the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 12, Procedural SQL Statements, can be used in a procedure, and this includes all the data manipulation statements.
The use of procedures allows data manipulation within the database to be controlled both in terms of strictly defining which data manipulation operations are performed and also in terms of regulating which database objects can be affected.
A procedure is invoked by using the CALL statement. In the case of a result set procedure, used in an ESQL context, the CALL statement is not used directly but is specified in a cursor declaration. An ident requires EXECUTE privilege on a procedure in order to call it.
In the CALL statement, the value-expressions or assignment targets specified for each of the procedure parameters must be of a data type that is assignment-compatible, see the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 6, Assignments, with the parameter data type.
See the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 12, CALL, for full details of the CALL statement and the Mimer SQL Programmer's Manual, chapter 12, Mimer SQL Stored Procedures, for a general discussion of the stored procedure functionality supported in Mimer SQL.
Examples of Calling Procedures
Invoke the procedure called SEARCH in the MIMER_STORE_MUSIC schema:CALL mimer_store_music.search(:title, :artist, 0);
Declare a cursor that will be used when result-set data is fetched from the result set procedure called BARCODE:DECLARE c_2 CURSOR FOR CALL mimer_store.barcode(itm.ean_code);
Upright Database Technology AB
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The hybrid striped bass, or "wiper," is an artificial cross between a striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a white bass (Morone chrysops). Hybridization of these two species does not occur naturally. Therefore, hybrid striped bass must be cultured in a fish hatchery situation. Like its parents, the hybrid frequents the open water portions of a lake, feeding almost exclusively on gizzard shad or other pelagic fishes. Hybrids are more tolerant of warmer water and lower dissolved oxygen than striped bass. For these reasons, they can be stocked into a wider variety of waters than striped bass. Indiana's hybrid striped bass stocking program began in an effort to help utilized overabundant shad populations and to create additional fishing opportunities in many of the state's reservoirs.
The hybrid striped bass appearance is a mixture of white bass and striped bass characteristics. Hybrid have a steamlined body with a bluish-black back, silver sides and a white belly. The horizontal lines are usually broken, often forming a "W" pattern above the lateral line. Like striped bass, hybrids have two parallel tooth patches on the center of their tongue. White bass have just one. Hybrids usually weigh 5 to 10 pounds but can be as large as 20 pounds.
Indiana's hybrid striped bass stocking program began in 1983. Since then, hybrids have been stocked into nine impoundments throughout the state. Successful populations were established at six of those lakes totaling 19,548 acres. These include Lake Freeman, Lake Shafer, and Mississenewa Reservoir in northern Indiana, Eagle Creek Reservoir and Cagle's Mill Reservoir in central Indiana, and Monroe Reservoir in Southern Indiana. In addition, hybrid striped bass populations have been established in the Tippecanoe River with fish emigrating from Freeman and Shafer lakes. Hybrid have also been reported in the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers and several of their tributaries.
Hybrid striped bass, like many hybrids, experience great difficulty reproducing naturally. Eggs and sperm produced by hybrids are usually weak or improperly formed. The same is true of any fry that might be produced by chance fertilization. For this reason, hybrids are considered "functionally sterile," and their populations are totally dependant on repeated stockings. Fish hatcheries in Texas have supplied a majority of Indiana's hybrid striped bass since the stocking program began in 1983. East Fork State Fish Hatchery, located near Washington, Indiana, began producing hybrids from striped bass and white bass collected from in-state fish in 1986. East Fork now provides most of the hybrids used in Indiana.
Hybrids may be found in a variety of habitats. In some lakes they may prefer fairly flat, shallow, sandy areas. In other lakes, typically the larger reservoirs, they may prefer the more rocky habitats located directly above or below the dams. Best fishing for hybrid striped bass occurs just after sundown or in the early morning just before sunrise. They are caught primarily on artificial baits which resemble gizzard shad. Imitation shad that rattle have proven to be successful at many lakes. In addition, many anglers have been successful using live bait such as night crawlers or soft craws.
Hybrid striped bass have been included with white bass under a combined daily catch limit of 12 fish, single or in aggregate. No more than two of these fish may exceed 17 inches in length. The reason for the combined bag limit is that white bass, when small, are very prolific fish which seldom exceed 17 inches in length and are found in a number of Indiana reservoirs. A small catch limit would unnecessarily restrict harvest of these fish and be unfair to white bass anglers. However, fish larger than 17 inches are probably hybrid striped bass, so harvest of this size fish is limited to two per day. Biologists feel that the combined regulation will allow harvest of white bass and small hybrid stripers, while promoting the trophy fishing concept for larger hybrids.


Inner peace definition essay
From: Larry T.
Added: 05.04.2021
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Do you belong to that type of people who fear to speak on education topics in public? Then check our list of extemporaneous speech topics to get yourself started. What is an extemporaneous speech you may ask? The essence of this type of speech lies in answering the question in a school assignment or tournament in front of the audience. In comparison to impromptu speech that requires zero time for topic preparation, extemporaneous speaking does allow us to take some time and take notes before entering the stage.
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Importance Of Peace In The World - Words | Cram
Essay on Happiness! These essays will also guide you to learn about the sources, need and factors affecting happiness. Happiness is defined by different people in different ways. When we feel positive emotions we tend to feel happy.
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Inner peace
Are you a domestic violence victim in India? Learn what is domestic violence in India, the types of domestic abuse and domestic violence against women, and where to find domestic violence counselling helplines in India. Are you facing domestic violence during lockdown in India? With the rise in domestic violence cases in India, domestic violence helpline numbers have been overwhelmed, as calls to domestic violence hotlines have increased during the lockdown.
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The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various connotations can be found alongside each other. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit [6] and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. Modern usages tend to refer to a subjective experience of a sacred dimension [9] and the "deepest values and meanings by which people live", [10] [11] often in a context separate from organized religious institutions, [12] such as a belief in a supernatural beyond the known and observable realm, [13] personal growth, [14] a quest for an ultimate or sacred meaning, [15] religious experience, [16] or an encounter with one's own "inner dimension". The term spirit means "animating or vital principle in man and animals".
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To access the properties of an extension, simply double-click on the extension in the Extension tab, in the Multi-tree Navigator.
The extension properties are explained below.
- Name of the extension. See rules for naming elements.
Indicates the Database Management System (DBMS) type that the extension is prepared to work with. This property is used during the validation of the extension to, for example, check whether the physical table name associated with an entity is valid or not.
The possible values are:
- Free text that describes the extension. Useful for documentation and knowledge transfer purposes. The maximum size of this property is 255 characters.


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This week's interesting word is porraceous. I will buy an imaginary drink for anyone who knows what it means without looking it up – and a bonus imaginary packet of crisps if you have used it in everyday conversation.
Porraceous means 'resembling a leek'. It is typically used to mean that something is leek-green in colour. (In many cases the something is vomit.)
It is early 17th century in origin, and stems from the Latin word porrāceus (itself from porrum meaning 'leek' and āceus meaning 'of the nature of').
"Martians, according to general sci-fi ethnobotany, are always small, hydrocephalic, intelligent, and seem a sort of porraceous green."
– Alexander Theroux, The Secondary Colors, 1996
Isn't the English language brilliant?


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By Library and Archives Canada | Monday, March 29, 2004
Prince Edward Island was the last of the British North American colonies to adopt a decimal system of currency. 'Going decimal' in 1871, the island chose a dollar equal in value to the United States one-dollar gold piece, in line with the decimal currency system introduced earlier in the Provinces of Canada and New Brunswick and adopted by the Dominion of Canada in 1867. The only decimal coin struck for P.E.I. prior to its entry in Confederation in 1873 was a one-cent piece in 1871. This attractive coin was designed and engraved by Leonard C. Wyon, who for some forty years was the principal engraver for the Royal Mint in London
The obverse of the coin depicts a diademed head of the queen, a design that was already being used for the Jamaica halfpenny. The reverse was adapted from thc official seal for the island. The central design shows a large oak tree (representing the United Kingdom) sheltering three smaller ones (the three countries of the island) with the Latin phrase PARVA SUB INGENTI ('The small beneath the great') below. Because of heavy pressure of work on other coinage, the Royal Mint was forced to contract with the Heaton Mint in Birmingham (a private firm) to produce the Prince Edward Island cents. The specimen illustrated is part of the Bank of Canada's Currency Collection.
Prince Edward Island: Bronze Half Cent, 1861
This article represents a portion of the the article titled Currency Museum of the Bank of Canada
Source : Library and Archives Canada


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There is complete lack of information on roosting behavior of the house swift, Apus affinis native to Chhattisgarh. Therefore, we studied the roosting behavior (exit and entry patterns from/to its roosting site) of the house swift. Attempts were also made to ascertain the modulatory role of environmental factors. We monitored the exit and entry timings of the house swift in the roosting site located on the busiest commercial area of Raipur city, India, for eight consecutive days, every month over a period of two years. The exit and entry timings showed positive relationship with the sunrise and sunset, respectively. The house swift exited tater and entered earlier in winter as compared with summer and monsoon seasons. A significant negative correlation between exit time and morning ambient temperature, and positive correlation between entry time and evening temperature was witnessed. Unlike exit time, the entry time was negatively associated with the humidity. The emry time was also associated with light intensity. In summary, we conclude that various environmental factors, viz., sunrise time, sunset time, temperature, humidity and light intensity are likely to produce statistically significant effect on roosting behavior of the house swift. This study is, however, inadequate to answer the following questions: (1) how the first bird of the colony determines that it is the time to fly out? (2) Is it the same individual that flies out first daily? Nonetheless, the findings of the present study may have important bearings on the safety of civil and military flights.
Cite this article:
Kankariya, Singh, Pati and Parganiha (2014). Temporal Pattern in Roosting Behavior of the House Swift, Apus a/finis with Reference to Environmental Factors - a Longitudinal Study. Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B: Science), 27(1), pp. 41-50.


Dynamic Modeling, Design, and Simulation of a Combined PEM Fuel Cell and Ultracapacitor System for Stand-Alone Residential Applications
The available power generated from a fuel cell (F C) power plant may not be sufficient to meet sustained load demands, especially during peak demand or transient events encountered in stationary power plant applications. An ultracapacitor (U C) bank can supply a large burst of power, but it cannot store a significant amount of energy. The combined use of F C and U C has the potential for better energy efficiency, reducing the cost of F C technology, and improved fuel usage. In this paper, we present an F C that operates in parallel with a U C bank. A new dynamic model and design methodology for an F C- and U C based energy source for stand-alone residential applications has been developed. Simulation results are presented using MAT LAB, Simulation, and Sim Power Systems environments based on the mathematical and dynamic electrical models developed for the proposed system.
 1. Combined system
 2. Dynamic modeling
 3. Fuel cell (F C)
 4. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PE M F C)
 5. Ultracapacitor (U C)
 Fig. 1. Combination of F C system and U C bank.
 Fig. 2. PCU and load connection diagram.
Fig. 3. Real power of residential load.
Fig. 4. Variation of FC system output voltage according to load demand.
 Fig. 5. Variation of UC bank terminal voltage according to load demand.
Fig. 6. Variation of UC bank charging and discharging current according to load switching.
Fig. 7. Variation of ac output power.
 Fig. 8. Variation of ac load voltage.
Fig. 9. Variation of modulation index corresponding to load demand.
Fig. 10. Variation of ac voltage phase angle.
Fig. 11. Variation of FC system dc output power.
Fig. 12. Variation of hydrogen flow rate.
 A UC-based storage system is designed for a PEMFC operated grid independent home to supply the extra power required during peak demand periods. The parallel combination of the FC system and UC bank exhibits good performance for the stand-alone residential applications during the steady-state, load-switching, and peak power demand. Without the UC bank, the FC system must supply this extra power, thereby increasing the size and cost of the FC system.
The results corresponding to high peak load demand during short time periods are not shown in order to simulate more realistic load profile. The load profile was created by measuring data at 15-s sampling interval. However, the proposed model can be used for different load profiles consisting of different transients and short-time interruption. Also, it can be extended for use in many areas such as portable devices, heavy vehicles, and aerospace applications. The lifetime of an FC system can be increased if combined FC system and UC bank is used instead of a stand-alone FC system or a hybrid FC and standby battery system.
[1] L. Gao, Z. Jiang, and R. A. Dougal, "An actively controlled fuel cell/battery hybrid to meet pulsed power demands," J. Power Sources, vol. 130, no. 1–2, pp. 202–207, May 2004.
[2] T. S. Key, H. E. Sitzlar, and T. D. Geist, "Fast response, load-matching hybrid fuel cell," Final Tech. Prog. Rep., EPRI PEAC Corp., Knoxville,TN NREL/SR-560-32743, Jun. 2003.
[3] S. Buller, E. Karden, D. Kok, and R. W. De Doncker, "Modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1622–1626, Nov. 2002.
[4] J. L. Duran-Gomez, P. N. Enjeti, and A. Von Jouanne, "An approach to achieve ride-through of an adjustable-speed drive with flyback converter modules powered by super capacitors," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 514–522, Mar.–Apr. 2002.
[5] A. Burke, "Ultracapacitors: Why, how, and where is the technology," J. Power Sources, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 37–50, Nov. 2000.
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Strangeface runs a series of 'making' and 'using' workshops, which are designed to introduce the creative potential and playfulness of masks to schools, colleges and other groups. These courses can be used to –
create a piece of devised mask theatre
provide a resource for generating new ideas
make a set of mask for future exploration
Workshops can take place in a venue of your choice. Masks are made on a table top vacuum former. The method is quick, clean and allows a mask to be made in a fraction of the time it takes using other methods, such as papier-mache. The result is a durable lightweight mask with a smooth finish.
Mask Making – One Day Workshop
The one day workshop provides an intensive introduction to mask. After a practical look at what makes a good mask, each member of the group goes on to make their own basic mask. The final part of the afternoon is spent exploring the masks using exercises and improvisation.
Mask Making – Two Day Course
Following a practical exploration of different types of mask, the group establishes some basic principles of mask practice and notions of what makes a 'good' mask. Each member of the group then makes and paints their own mask. The afternoon of the second day is spent practically exploring masks made.
Mask Making Residencies
Price On Request Subject To Requirements
Residencies are tailored to the requirements of the group and can be based around specific themes, stories or issues. Groups may use the process to produce a finished piece for performance or as a solid platform to develop further work. A typical example would be a five day residency based on Grimm's fairy tales, in which the group spends two days making masks going on to devise a piece for performance on the fifth day.
From £175 per 90 minute session
These drama-based workshops are adaptable to suit your needs and timetable. Popular sessions include:
Introduction to mask
Using half masks
Devising with Masks
Please note that due to the flexible nature of these workshops, prices quoted are meant as a general guide. All of our workshops are ideally suited to groups of approximately 20 students and can be adapted to suit your specific curriculum requirements. Travel and accommodation costs may apply. To take advantage of a 10% discount on workshops bought in conjunction with a mask set and for more details on workshop options, please contact us at _EMAIL_


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Zoom login information will be emailed to registrants.
With billions of cell phones in the world and millions of phone applications, the amount of evidence created by cell phones can be daunting. This program will explain the common types of evidence that can be recovered from cell phones, including deleted data. Some evidence types that will be discussed include location information, text messages, multimedia, voice mails, cloud backups, and more. Real-life case examples will be used to illustrate how evidence recovered from cell phones can be used in cases and investigations. The proper methods to forensically acquire cell phone evidence will be covered, and how evidence can be challenged in court.
Presented by Lars Daniel, Practice Leader, Digital Forensics, Envista Forensics
Lars has qualified as an expert in state and federal courts. He has qualified as a computer forensics expert, a cell phone forensics expert, a digital forensics expert, a photo forensics expert, and a video forensics expert. Lars provided training in digital forensics and has taught continuing legal education (CLE) classes throughout the United States. Lars has worked on cases throughout the United States and has provided forensic services in hundreds of criminal and civil cases. He is the co-author of the book, "Digital Forensics for Legal Professionals," and the book "Digital Forensics Trial Graphics: Teaching the Jury through Effective Use of Visuals."


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BAL in the News
In 2015, a BAL learning initiative focused on the importance of racial diversity in the classroom was featured on WNYC:
The American School Counselor Association recommends a counselor-student ratio of 1:250. But the students are in impoverished districts, and many have been affected by the trauma that comes with living in neighborhoods with high crime rates, gang activity or unstable housing situations. Listen to the feature on WNYC below to hear our principal discuss the importance of this guidance.
"We have someone every year of the way through high school who's going to be able to make sure a kid is tuned in and focused on the academic prowess that's going to allow them to access college and careers," said Cardet-Hernandez.


Using the Tip Calculator
The tip calculator provides a simple way to allocate tips and add them to your payroll report.
To open the tip calculator, from the schedule, on the intended day, press Enter Tips
Entering time and tip amounts
 1. Enter the time span for the tip entry. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, select your 'day-part', and the time range will auto-populate.
 2. Enter Credit and Cash Tip Amounts. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, your Credit tips will auto-populate.
 3. Press Calculate
Make adjustments, Save, and Print
 1. Use the "Allocated" line to remove a percentage of the tip total (i.e. if a certain percentage of the total will go towards an entry in another department). In the example below, 10% of the tip amount is pulled from the present pool.
 2. Make any adjustments to Hours, or use the "Multiplier" fields to use a "Point" allocation. If you would like to exclusively use "Points" and disregard hours, then enter "1" into the hours fields.
 3. Press Save and/or Print to complete
NOTE: You may make multiple tip entries per day, and edit or delete entries.
NOTE: Employees' own tip amounts will be visible from their dashboard.
Set tips to carry into your Payroll Report
1. From the Gearwheel Menu, go to Settings
2. Scroll to Payroll Settings, and check Include Tips in Payroll
Set default Point Values for Roles
1. From the gearwheel menu go to Roles / Headings
2. Press the settings gearwheel next to a Role, and enter a default tip multiplier unique to the Role


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3. THE ORIGIN OF THE PEARLS.
3.1 Geographical Origins
Our natural mustika pearls and bezoars are harvested by wise and skilled shamans and spiritualists in the regions of South East Asia, Malaysia and deep within the vast and remote jungles found within the Indonesian archipelago – sought out specifically from the native plants and animals. A percentage of our pearls are also obtained from a diverse array of sea creatures that call this region home.
3.2 Physical Origins
Mustika pearls and bezoar stones are natural by-products composed of natural minerals and elements. Bezoar stones, as we've already learned, are natural wild-life by-products, usually formed as a result of abnormal dietary or digestive conditions. These conditions set the stage for the ultimate formation of these precious treasures.
Essentially, the process involves two stages. The first stage begins while the animal is alive. Hydrochloric Acid (Ph 1) reacts with the bezoar stone – agitating and aiding development. Stage two takes place after the animal has died, when the bezoar stone is exposed to something known as butyric acid, a compound that's ONLY developed during the late stages of decomposition.
After extensive study and research, it's been discovered that, in theory, both mustika pearls and bezoars can be formed from silica – a naturally created and occurring glass-like substance. Indeed, stomach bezoars are, for the most part, primarily formed of silica. Bezoar stones can also form in humans – especially people who've taken certain antacids over an extended period of time.
A similar process results in the formation of plant based bezoars and mustikas. However, there are some varieties of pearls (like Cloud pearls and Sea pearls) that form in a more mysterious manner that makes it much more difficult to determine the actual formation process.
Such an instance includes stones and pearls believed to be formed by etheric creatures like dragons, fairies and other elementals. The formation of these stones has only been described by Pawangs (indigenous shamans) who've been fortunate enough to literally witness them created out of nothing, right before their very eyes.
According to these eye-witness accounts, the process unfolds something like this…
Imagine that you're walking through a forest, along a shoreline or atop a mountain. Suddenly, right before you, a strange mist materializes literally out of nowhere. As you study this mist, you notice that it's beginning to thicken. As it continues to condense, you see that a jelly-like substance is beginning to form. Almost instantly, this amorphous material hardens into a solid and a Dragon pearl is born.
Of course, this is merely one account of the formation of a single pearl. To assume that ALL Dragon pearls form (or are found) in this fashion, however, assuming that this process is the same for all pearls just isn't realistic.
Oftentimes, these pawangs are led to this discovery in any number of ways, including clairvoyance, psychometric powers, and magickal rites and rituals. In instances like these, the pearl may have already formed, and the pawing is supernaturally led to the discovery. How it actually arrives remains a mysterious unknown.
3.3 Materials & Composition
Due in part to the details we've already covered, you may notice that many mustika pearls and bezoar stones have a crystalline design or an opaque form. Several of these stones and pearls bear gem-like qualities, such as crystalline shape and structure, with the capability to refract light through their dense molecular make-up when held up to the light. In fact, most can transmit light.
Stones and pearls can also contain a wide variety of other minerals, elements and compounds. Because they often contain calcium carbonate crystals, bezoars and mustikas are officially classified as mineraloids, due to the fact that these crystals are bonded together with organic materials, with no definite ratios or proportions of the individual components.
Another compound that forms the basis for many bezoars is silicon dioxide. In addition to being an inorganic chemical compound (much like sand, salt or iron for example), silicon dioxide is also a key component in the formation of fossils. A host of natural chemicals are composed of silicon dioxide, and there are a variety of rocks and stones in the natural world made up entirely of silicon dioxide. The majority of these are totally natural and can often be found both in the bodies of diverse animals, as well as hidden away within their dens.
It should come as no surprise that these same environments can supply mustika pearls in abundance.
3.4 Silicon & Silicon Dioxide
Silicon is the second most abundant element found on the earth – second only to oxygen. 25.7% of our planet's crust is made up of silicon. Due to this abundance, silicon is an essential element in biology, despite the fact that animals only require small trace amounts in their diets.
However, silicon is much more essential to healthy plant metabolism – especially grasses. According to the results of a study published by the Mineralogical Society of America, in the year 1928 alone, as many as 35 crystalline forms of silica (meaning silicon paired with oxygen) were identified.
To understand the diverse manifestation of silica based compounds and minerals, it helps to know that silica is something known as a polymorphous substance. This results in a variety of possible crystalline structures that is practically infinite.
Categorizing silica as a polymorph means that it's capable of crystallizing into a number of different shapes and structures. These different polymorphous structures will have different and unique atomic arrangements within the cell unit. These variations can have a profound effect on the final resulting crystallized compound. This occurs through a process known as polymorphic transformation.
This process is a change that takes place when crystal structures encounter other crystals of the same chemical composition. The resulting unique crystal structures are called polymorphs, which goes to show that various crystal structures are dependent on two very important factors: external temperature and pressure.
Thanks to these characteristics, it's much easier to understand why silica is such an essential element in the composition of my rock-forming minerals. Due to silica's polymorphic properties, its elemental crystalline structures can be found in a multitude of forms. As a matter of fact, many popular rocks and minerals (quartz crystals and sand, sandstone, quartzite, opal, agate and onyx) are just a few forms that silica can take on.
Additionally, modifications of external pressure and temperature not only determine the crystalline structure of the resulting compound, but also their colour. Silica-based rocks and gems can be found in a variety of colours, including:
- Smoky quartz
- Yellow quartz
- Rose quartz &
- Milky quartz
3.5 Soluble Silica in Plants & Animals
In theory, we believe that it's entirely possible that our magickal pearls and stones also contain some form of crystalline silica structures, which would place them in the same unique category of other forms of silica.
In response to silica's shape shifting tendencies and the process of polymorphism, it's likely that other, yet unknown forms of silica are capable of springing into existence under other atmospheric pressures and conditions. Because new scientific and geological discoveries are made each and every day, you can't come to the conclusion that ALL forms of silica have already been identified – at least not yet, anyhow.
Since polymorphism is a natural phenomenon with a rather spontaneous nature, there are an infinite number of potential manifestations of silica – many of which may yet lie undiscovered.
Silica makes its way into animals through the food that they eat (generally vegetation) and through the water they drink. In plants, silica is absorbed through the root system and accumulated within their foundational cellular structure.
Like many other minerals, silica appears in both the form of a solid as well as in a soluble liquid form known as soluble silica. The paradox is that both of these forms of silica are constantly striving to actually become each other. For instance, soluble silica is constantly being precipitated out of the water, while solid silica is continuously eroded down by water.
As a part of this cycle, when plant roots grow and penetrate deep into the soil, soluble silica (and other minerals) present in the groundwater are taken in and absorbed as nutrients. As this occurs, silica is deposited in between cells, between cell walls – even inside the cells themselves. These silica deposits don't harm the plants in any way. Instead, it increases the density of the plant ever so slightly and can occasionally even benefit the plant and its leaves by providing them with a more erect posture that actually increases their ability to absorb sunlight.
Where the silica deposits occur and accumulate will depend entirely upon the species of plant in question. Deposits have been found in roots, leaves, stems, branches, trunks and fruit and can even accumulate in much smaller spaces like hair follicles and skin cells. Abnormalities in plant growth (much like the digestive abnormalities that spawn bezoar stones) can result in significant amounts of silica coming together, creating an even larger more solid substance. This substance (either in part or in its entirety) is what works to form mustika pearls.
As we've already learned, these formations aren't restricted to plants, but occur in the Animal Kingdom as well. Since silica isn't a digestible substance, it has no choice but to remain within the animal's body in its solid form. Soluble silica, while it is able to transfer between cells and cell walls, still accumulates inside of the body, constantly attracting additional silica and growing in size as well.
In theoretical terms, this is likely how mustikas form inside of various living things.


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- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Incidence of rapid increase of plasma sodium during liver transplantation and ITS effect on outcome
© Yoh et al.; 2015
- Published: 1 October 2015
- Liver Transplantation
- Neurological Complication
- Cerebral Edema
- Sodium Concentration
- Acute Liver Failure
Rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause pontine myelinolysis and should be corrected by less than 10 mM/L within 24 hours. Hepatic cirrhosis is often associated with hyponatremia due to fluid retention and ascites. During liver transplantation, sodium may increase because of fluid administration and blood transfusions. Little is known regarding the frequency of rapid sodium increases during liver transplantation and whether such rapid corrections carry detrimental effects.
To determine the incidence of rapid plasma sodium correction in liver transplants and their effect on outcome.
We retrospectively analyzed data from 607 liver transplants at a single institution. Rapid correction of sodium was defined as an increase of serum sodium by more than 10 mM/L within 24 hours after the start of liver transplantation when compared to preoperative sodium levels. Primary endpoint was 90-day mortality or graft failure requiring re-transplantation.
Perioperative rapid increases of sodium above what is recommended for correction of hyponatremia occurred in over 6% of all cases with only one case of severe neurological complication that was not consistent with pontine myelinolysis. Perioperative increases of plasma may be less dangerous than previously thought if it is not associated with abrupt changes of plasma osmolality. The neurological complication (cerebral edema, not pontine myelinolysis) of the patient described above are more likely attributable to her preoperative acute liver failure than rapid increase of sodium concentrations.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


What are some examples of selective media
Nutrient medium
Synonyms: culture medium, growth medium
1 definition
A Nutrient medium is a sterile matrix with defined environmental conditions. Culture media are mainly used in microbiology and are used to cultivate microorganisms or human or animal cells.
2 classification
2.1... according to consistency
A distinction is made between two types of culture media based on consistency:
The transition between solid and liquid nutrient media is fluid and depends, among other things, on the agar or gelatine content, which ensures the thickening of a nutrient medium. Culture media with a lower agar content are sometimes delimited as the third group of so-called "semi-solid" media.
2.2... according to nutrient content
Another dimension is the division of the nutrient media according to the nutrient composition. A distinction is made here:
 - Mineral medium
 - Minimal medium
 - Minimal medium with growth substances
 - simple complex medium
 - Complex medium
2.3... according to the objective
 - Selective nutrient media or selective media: nutrient media whose nutrient content or composition only allow the growth of certain microorganisms or cells.
 - Differential culture media or differential media: culture media that allow the growth of several microorganisms used, but are composed in such a way that distinguishable colonies form.
Some culture media can combine both of the above properties, e.g. MacConkey agar or mannitol salt agar.
3 application
Liquid Culture media are used:
Festivals Culture media are mainly used for analysis purposes because they also enable quantitative determination. Since the multiplying microorganisms cannot freely distribute themselves in the medium, a visible point or spot forms around each initial germ. The number of these CFU (colony-forming unit) allows a conclusion to be drawn about the original number of germs.
The process of introducing samples into or onto a nutrient medium is called inoculation.
4 composition
In addition to water, culture media mainly contain culture-specific nutrients and salts. The nutrients are also called substrates and in most cases are carbohydrates, proteins and fatty acids. Nutritional salts provide ions and molecules that are essential for the organism, such as ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphate and sulfate.
Other possible components are:
5 Manufacturing
To produce a nutrient medium, the nutrients and additives are mixed together according to a recipe and dissolved in demineralized water (possibly under flowing steam). This is followed by sterilization (usually in an autoclave). Additives that would be destroyed by the sterilization can then be added through a sterile filter.
Ready-to-use culture media are also often used in practice.


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Patients were recruited to participate in a market test for GUNNAR Optiks Digital Performance Eyewear, developed to reduce and minimize the eye muscle fatigue and dry eye symptoms associated with daily computer use.
-A total of 103 patients were recruited at three ophthalmologypractices located in the Los Angeles area. Patients were required to spend a good portion of their work day at a computer, and to have normal vision (uncorrected or corrected with contacts.)
-At the Initial visit, patient vision was assessed, and an appropriate pair of Digital Performance Eyewear was prescribed to wear while using the computer.•Patients visited the practice three times during the course ofthe market test.
-The Initial Visit assessed baseline symptoms, and Digital Performance Eyewear were prescribed.
-At the Second Visit—one week after the Initial Visit—symptoms were again assessed, and patients were asked several questions regarding their experience with the GUNNAR lenses.•The Exit Visit—approximately four weeks after the Initial Visit—was more extensive. Symptoms and perceptions were again assessed with a patient questionnaire, as was patient vision.
Data from the three visits was analyzed using standard market research techniques, using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software.
- Data frequencies were prepared, and appropriate means and standard
deviations were computed to facilitate comparing patient self-reported symptoms and perceptions across time.
- Improvements in Digital Sensation ratings (slides 20-23) were calculated by subtracting the Initial visit score from the Second/Exit visit score. For example, if a patient gave a rating of 'bad (3)' for their initial visit and a rating of 'mild (1)' for their second visit, the difference is -2, scored as 'Better'.
- Statistical significance testing was conducted using two-tailed t-tests, and was conducted at the 95% (alpha =.05) level. Results from this study are accurate to within +/- 11%, at a sample size of 103.
- In the opinion of the analyst—a professional market researcher with over 20 years of experience—the results of this study are robust, and demonstrate significant improvement in both symptoms experienced and perceptions.


. The shell-silver, stump-person, rope-snake, etc. analogies are used for the former purpose, but at least two fundamentally different analogies are used for the latter. They are referred to as limitation (avacchedaka) and reflection (pratibimbaka) analogies. The stock example of the former is our conceptual attitude toward space within a room or a pot as separate from space generally, i.e., as if it had a separate, independent existence (for example, we say a parking area has a lot of space for cars or say that a building has lots of space for storage in it). The stock example of the latter is our conceptual attitude of taking a reflection as if it were a separate entity from the object reflected. Sankara himself uses both analogies in his writings, but later Advaitins tended to prefer one or the other, giving rise to two different post-Sankara schools of Advaita, respectively the Bhamati School (named after a commentary by Vacaspati Misra on Sankara's commentary on the Vedanta Sutras) and the Vivarana School (named after a similar commentary by Padmapada, one of Sankara's own pupils). For further discussion, see ADVAITA.
© Copyright by the Theosophical Publishing House, Manila


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In Your Opinion:
Are Athletes Heroes?
Students participate in a classroom debate about athletes as heroes.
Students define the words debate, pro, and con. Students clearly express oral and/or written opinions about whether people should view athletes as heroes.
hero, athlete, debate, pro, con, issue
- teacher-selected and student-researched articles and commentaries about various athletes from print and/or online sources
- box or paper bag
- small slips of paper with the words pro and con written on them
Before teaching the lesson: Write the words pro and con on slips of paper. Put the slips into a box or paper bag.
Complete this activity over several days.
- Discuss the meaning of the word debate.Discuss examples of debate topics.
- Ask the following questions: In your opinion, what is a hero? Are athletes heroes? (If yes) What qualities make an athlete a hero? (If no) Why not?
- Tell students that the class will hold a debate on this topic. Explain general debating guidelines from teacher-selected resources or from An Introduction to the Debating Process and Debate Rules [scroll down the page]. Discuss the meanings of the words pro and con.
Find many more resources in the Education World article, It's Up for Debate and its accompanying Resources for Classroom Debates.
- Organize students into small groups or teams. Present the box or bag containing the slips of paper with the words pro and con.
- Have a student from each team pick a slip of paper from the bag or box to determine which side of the debate they will cover.
- Tell students that each group must research print or, if Internet access is available, online sources to support their side of the debate. Give students a few days to complete their research, write their position papers, and rehearse for the debate.
Hold the classroom debate.
Variation: Invite other classes in your grade to the debate. Let the visitors pose questions to the teams.
Extension: Ask students if their opinions about athletes as heroes changed as a result of participating in the debate.
Evaluate students' abilities to work in teams, position papers, and participation in the debate.
Lesson Plan Source


text:
J. Marian, J. Knap and M. Ortiz
Acta Materialia, 53, 2893–2900 (2005).
We analyze the mechanisms underlying the deformation of a nanovoid in an Al crystal subjected to cyclic shear deformation using numerical simulations. Boundary and cell-size effects have been minimized by means of the quasicontinuum method. The deformation of the void entails a noticeable reduction in volume. During the loading phase, our analysis reveals several stages of stress buildup separated by yield points. The main mechanisms underlying the deformation of the crystal are: glide of primary and secondary partial dislocation loops with mixed edge-screw character; intersection of primary and secondary loops to form jogs and junctions; cross-slip; and dislocation multiplication and annihilation. Cross-slip occurs by the Fleischer mechanism and not by the more commonly assumed Friedel-Escaig mechanism. During unloading, most of the dislocation population and void volume reduction is recovered by re-absorption of dislocation loops and annihilation mediated by cross slip. However, a residual dislocation density remains around the void at the end of the unloading process.


text:
More 60-Second Science
What does an 800-pound gorilla eat? If you said: "anything it wants," you're not thinking like a scientist.
A scientist would say, "Let me analyze the isotopic composition of its excreta and I'll get back to you." Because a new study shows that the ratio of carbon isotopes found in mountain gorilla feces reveals how much fruit the apes have consumed. The scoop's in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Scott A. Blumenthal et al., Detecting intraannual dietary variability in wild mountain gorillas by stable isotope analysis of feces]
Knowing what animals nosh on in the wild and how that diet fluctuates can offer a key to their health and the overall health of the species. But not all beasties like to dine al fresco, at least not where scientists can watch. So researchers decided to reach for the scat.
As a test case they focused on four mountain gorillas in a park in Uganda, because they could actually see what these apes ingested. Different plants have different ratios of carbon's common isotopes. So for 10 months the researchers measured the carbon in the plants that went into the gorillas and then what came back out.
And they found that the dung don't lie, at least when it comes to what's been on Koko's menu.
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]


Category: Sensors
interfacing 8051 microcontroller circuit
LM35 Temperature Sensor Interfacing AT89C51 AT89C52 AT89S51 AT89S52
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three women with their arms folded
Before Lockdown and feeling inspired by the pure human energy that we were seeing in just one city we went in search of a few answers.
We wanted to know what sport meant to those we saw moving, so we stopped some real people and asked some real questions.
Inspired by what we found and heard we wrote a book, a book centred on what sport actually does in terms of how it makes you feel and what it makes you do. Below you can read a few stand-alone stories from that book.
Click on our people to read more about them


Vacuum Sealing Apples to Freeze
Perhaps one of the best ways to preserve apples for later use is the vacuum sealer, which is readily available on the internet or, perhaps, local appliance stores. There are several manufacturers that make these sealers, but the basic procedure is the same.
Basic Equipment Required
The basic equipment necessary for freezing apples is as follows:
1. Large stainless steel or enamel cooking pot to blanch the apples in.
2. Large bowl for the pre-treatment of the apples.
3. Apple corer and sharp paring knife.
4. Long handled slotted spoon to remove apples from blanching pot.
5. Cider vinegar or lemon juice to a ratio of 1 tablespoon to 1 quart of water for pre-treatment solution for apples. NOTE: Some fruits, such as berries, cranberries, grapes, strawberries and rhubarb, will not need this pre-treatment process in order tofreeze. The pre-treatment is basically used to prevent discoloration of light fleshed fruits such as apples, apricots, peaches and pears.
6. Vacuum sealer with bag rolls.
7. Any sugar or spices, such as cinnamon, that you would like to sprinkle on the fruit before freezing.
Method of Vacuum Sealing Apples
Step 1: Choosing Apples for Freezing
Always use the freshest, ripest, most blemish-free apples available when purchasing for home freezing projects. Inspect for blemishes and separate the damaged fruit from the good.
Step 2: Preparing for Blanching
Fill the large cooking pot about two-thirds to the top with water and bring to a slow, gentle boil. While the water is coming to a boil, prepare the apples.
Step 3: Preparing the Apples
Wash, core and slice the apples into wedges. (I do not peel the apples I use in apple pies.) If you prefer your apples peeled, then that will also need to be done in this step.
Peeling can be time consuming if you are processing a lot of apples. There are several methods to accomplish this task, some of which are specifically designed to peel apples, pears and other firm fleshed fruits.
The traditional equipment for this chore is a sharp paring knife or vegetable peeler. Apple corers are also helpful for slicing and coring apples quicker in preparation for pre-treatment.
One of the most efficient ways of peeling apples is by using a manual Apple Peeler and Corer, pictured below. In one easy step it allows you to peel, slice and core an apple in less than 15 seconds! These machines often lets you choose whether or not you want the apples just peeled, or peeled, cored and spirally sliced. With a little practice, you will be able to adjust the machine to your specific requirements and become a pro at peeling apples in record time.
Step 4: Pre-treating the Apples
Pre-treat the apples by soaking the slices in a solution of 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar or fresh squeezed lemon juice to 1 quart of water, (to make a larger amount of pre-treatment, double the above solution recipe), for a minute or two per layer of fruit. Pre-treat the fruit in batches, one layer at a time, until all of the fruit has been pre-treated.
Step 5: Blanching the Apples
Lift fruit out of the pre-treatment bowl with the slotted spoon and drop into the pot containing the boiling water for blanching.
Blanch the fruit for two minutes or so in single layers, and remove from the boiling water into the emptied large bowl that was used to pre-treat the fruit. If you are going to add spices or sugar before freezing, now is the time that you do that. Sprinkle the cinnamon, or other spices, and/or sugars, if desired, over the fruit and stir gently to coat.
Step 6: Vacuum Sealing the Apples
Make a bag big enough for the batch of fruit to be filled into. I like to package the fruit in quantities that would be required for a pie...usually 4 to 6 cups or so (check your fruit pie recipe for specific proportions for your favorite pies).
Place prepared fruit into the sealer bags and load into the front of the vacuum sealer, as pictured below.
Once the opened end has been inserted into the sealer, turn on the sealing machine. As the air is vacuumed out of the bag, re-adjust the bag by lifting it upward to the level of the sealer and guide as much of the air as possible from around the apple slices up toward the sealer.
Once the machine detects that as much air as possible has been removed from the bag, the sealing element engages to seal the bag. The machine will automatically switch off when the process is complete.
Press the button on the top of the machine to release the vacuum seal that has developed during the sealing process. This will release the seal plates and the bag will be easily removed.
If, when the bag is removed from the machine, air rushes back into the bag, then the seal was compromised. Cut off the bad seal, if possible, and reseal the bag.
If you are having trouble getting the bag to seal, then there is probably too much liquid being sucked into the sealer elements, not allowing the machine to connect properly. Drain some of the liquid out of the bag and try again.
Step 7: Freezing the Apple Bags
Place the apple bags into the freezer as flat as possible in a single layer until frozen. Once frozen, the bags can be stacked to minimize the space required to store the apples in the freezer.


Our Story
London Education Management (LEM) is a higher education college in London. Our goal is to deliver affordable UK education to local and international students and motivate them to gain current and relevant knowledge and apply this learning into practice. Our courses are designed to improve students' employability and enhance their career prospects and achieve their goals. Our lifelong dedication is to improving and developing our students' skills are key to our success as a college.
Our lifelong dedication
 To be an institution of repute and provide quality education and research opportunities of very high standards to the students, who in turn shall contribute to the advancement of the society.


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These pictures were taken at the USS Hornet CVS-12, which has been modified and now serves as a museum. You can find the USS Hornet Museum, 707 W Hornet Ave, Pier 3 Alameda CA 94501, USS-Hornet.org
Hornet was commissioned in November 1943, and after three months of training joined the U.S. forces in the Pacific War. She played a major part in the Pacific battles of World War II, and also took part in Operation Magic Carpet, returning troops back to the U.S. Following World War II, she served in the Korean War, Vietnam War, and also played a part in the Apollo program, recovering astronauts as they returned from the Moon.
This A4 Skyhawk is a special version of the plane, which is normally a one-seater. This particular plane has been used on a training school like Top Gun, where the plane was painted for camouflage and there is a red star on the wings.
Apollo Space Program
Hornet recovered the astronauts from the first moon landing mission, Apollo 11, on 24 July 1969. President Nixon was on board to welcome the returning astronauts back to Earth, where they lived in quarantine aboard Hornet prior to transfer to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory at Houston. The first steps on Earth of returning moonwalkers Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, with Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, are marked on her hangar deck, as part of her Apollo program exhibit.
Hornet once again served in the space program with the recovery of Apollo 12 on 24 November. Returning astronauts Charles Conrad, Jr., Alan L. Bean, and Richard F. Gordon, Jr., were picked up from their splashdown point near American Samoa.


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What is Governance?
Conceptually, governance can be defined as the rule of the rulers. In the business world, governance is the process by which authority is conferred on management, by which they make the rules, and, those rules are enforced and modified. Thus, understanding governance requires an identification of both the rulers and the rules, as well as the various processes by which they are selected, defined, and linked together within an organization.
Good governance is in general participatory, transparent and accountable. It is also effective and equitable and promotes the rule of law. Good governance ensures that priorities are based on broad consensus within the enterprise to meet the needs of all parties including consumers, customers, regulators, shareholders, and auditors fairly, effectively, and efficiently.
Identity Governance Overview
Identity governance is an organization's overarching set of rules which proposes a management decision making process and accountability for achieving business goals while managing identity risks.
Identity Governance Framework
Identity governance framework refers to the organization's proposed governance lifecycle designed to support the organization's identity governance efforts including governing bodies and their responsibilities, rules, and processes for managing identity data and related risks.
- Improve decision making to achieve business goals
- Streamline processes (automate, centralize, etc.)
- Standardize (efficiency, consistency, error reduction)
- Reduce cost
- Identify and mitigate risks
- Increase enterprise value
- Meet internal and external requirements
- Empower management and staff
- Ensure security, privacy, and compliance
- Maintain identity data integrity
The Certified Identity Governance Expert (CIGE)® professional designation is the first and leading registered governance certification designed to promote a lifecycle framework for the authority of the identity management field and related functions.
CIGE professionals are capable of defining and effectively communicating why identity governance is critical for their organizations. They understand good governance benefits and can see the big picture as well as the evolving identity risk landscape. They are also capable of proposing and implementing an identity governance lifecycle framework which helps their organizations meet the established identity management objectives.
CIGE Critical Risk Domains™
The following Critical Risk Domains (CRDs) define the specific knowledge areas and skills that CIGE professionals need to become certified:
- Identity and Access Management Lifecycle
- Strategy, Roadmap, Framework, and Planning
- Roles, Responsibilities, and Accountability
- Program, Policies, and Procedures
- Risk Management and Internal Controls
- Funding, Resource Allocation, and ROI
- Independent Audits, Monitoring, and, Performance Measurement
Who should become a CIGE
Executives and corporate officers who set the rules for identity and access management within organizations where identity data is collected, maintained, processed, and shared can benefit by becoming a Certified Identity Governance Expert®. The CIGE designation is a registered program which demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the IMI members who hold the designation. It is awarded to experienced and educated professionals who set the rules at the highest levels of their organizations to guide and support management for addressing the growing societal and organizational concerns regarding identity data including privacy, security, regulatory and contractual compliance, customer expectations, identification and authentication, as well as efficient IT and access management processes to name a few.
Currently, interested and qualified members may become a CIGE® without an examination if they meet the requirements set forth in the CIGE application.
The CIGE application fee is $395 for current IMI members. To become a member, please visit the membership page for more information.
IMI uses PayPal and other third party credit card processors to request and receive international credit card payments after applications are received. Alternatively, candidates may mail a cashier's or company check.


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Comfort Line (semiautomatic)
Instruments for crude fiber digestion that can be operated semi-automatically
Good to know: Crude fiber is the portion of feed, which remains after treatment with acids, alkalies and solvents as indigestible constituent. The main component of crude fiber is cellulose.
There are regulations in place worldwide for the determination of crude fiber content. Standard procedures are applied such as ISO 6865:2000, ISO 5498:2000 (AOAC Official Method 962.09) AACC method 32-10.01, etc.
Crude fiber determination is an element of the classic Weende feed analysis. For crude fiber determination the sample is - if required degreased - treated successively with boiling acid and alkaline dilutions in the prescribed concentrations. Following filtration with a sintered glass filter, the sample is washed, dried, weight and incinerated at 475 … 500 °C. The weight loss during incineration corresponds to the crude fiber content of the sample.
What are crude fibers
The term "crude fiber" originates from the animal feed industry and refers to substances that are not digested by animals. "Crude fibers" give a sum parameter of chemically partly very different substances. Mainly components of the plant cell wall, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Why crude fiber determination
A balanced proportion of crude fiber in feed is important, as it is important for healthy digestion on the one hand, but on the other hand it is also an energetically unusable part and thus increases the price of the feed.
Why different methods
Different animals have different digestive systems. Thus, ruminants (ruminantia) can degrade cellulose in contrast to non-ruminants (monogastric animals). Depending on the application, a differentiated analysis should be applied.
Different stocks of crude fiber and their determination
It is used here in
Based on the different regulations, the different ingredients can be calculated as follows
All analyses are based on the fact that the feed crust is digested under temperature and the undigested substances are incinerated and weighed.
The difference lies in the lytic chemicals used.


text:
This interactive page has been made possible by the consent
of Waterloo Maple. The current version of the program are written using
Maple 8 and are being run on a SUN Ultra 1 workstation
(using solaris 2.5.1) in the
University of South Carolina.
We express our gratitude to the staff
of Waterloo Maple who graciously aided in improvements to the interface.
A Maplet interface to the algorithms is currently under development.
A prototype will soon be available via our
server at the URL
If you experience any problems with this Maplet, please send e-mail to
This page can be used to determine whether a given polynomial with
integer coefficients has a cyclotomic divisor.
To begin the program, choose one of the options "user-specified" or
"randomly-selected" below. If you choose "user-specified," type in
a user-defined polynomial to replace the example
indicated. If you choose the "randomly-selected" option, indicate
a bound for the number of non-zero terms, a bound for the degree,
and a bound for the absolute value of the coefficients. These
will be used to select a random polynomial (based on MAPLE's built-in
randpoly command) with non-zero constant term. The value of the
polynomial will be displayed in the output and not on this page.
To determine if the polynomial (user-specified or randomly-selected)
has a cyclotomic factor, click on the "Perform Test" button and
wait for the output.
How does one interpret the output?
The value "true" will be returned if the polynomial, say f(x), does have a
cyclotomic factor. The value "false" will be returned otherwise.
In the case of a true value, a statement will be given indicating
an integer m such that f(x) is divisible by the mth
cyclotomic polynomial. If f(x) is divisible by more than one cyclotomic
polynomial, only one such m is given; it will NOT necessarily
be the least such m.
What kind of polynomial can the algorithm handle?
The program will work for any polynomial f(x) with integer coefficients.
As indicated in the example below, f(x) can have large degree. In
general, the greater the degree of f(x) is, the longer the running time
will be; however, the degree does not affect the running time much
(whatever that means). Similarly, the size of the coefficients of
f(x) will affect the running time only slightly. The greatest
contribution to the running time comes from the number of non-zero terms
in f(x). The algorithm can easily handle polynomials with
100 non-zero terms and say degree _PHONE_ and coefficients with
absolute value bounded by _PHONE_ (this typically takes between 2
and 2.5 MAPLE CPU minutes).
This interactive page was developed by
Michael Filaseta and
The algorithm used here is based on work in progress by Filaseta and
where it is shown how to determine
whether a polynomial with integer coefficients has a cyclotomic
factor. The algorithm described in is itself based largely
on a paper of Mann. Though a running version
of the program apparently exists, further improvements are being pursued
prior to public release of the code.
We anticipate making the code available at this location shortly.
As we are using the MAPLE language, access to MAPLE will be
necessary to run the downloaded programs.
The following includes references and current downloadable programs.
Presently there are no downloads. More will be listed as it
becomes available (and complete).
 M. Filaseta and A. Schinzel,
On testing the divisibility of lacunary polynomials by
 H. B. Mann,
On linear relations between roots of unity,
Mathematika, 12 (1965), 107-117.
Another Interactive Page:
Test the Irreducibility of 0-1 Polynomials


Johnny Leach obituary
English table tennis champion with a huge influence on his sport
Johnny Leach.
Johnny Leach held sway during the 1950s and 60s when table tennis was one of Britain's most popular sports. Photograph: S&G and Barratts/Empics
For many years Johnny Leach, who has died aged 91, was synonymous with English table tennis. Both in his prime as a player, in the immediate postwar years, and subsequently as an ambassador, promoter, administrator, businessman and talent-spotter, his impact on the sport was immense. Leach held sway in an age when table tennis could claim to be the most popular participation sport in the UK. It was played everywhere: youth clubs and youth hostels, working men's clubs, works canteens, church halls and of course homes. If you could not afford the folding table from Woolworths, you simply bought the net and stretched it across the kitchen table.
Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the sport had a heady time of it. Chester Barnes, the controversial genius of the sport, and one of the players discovered by Leach's talent programme, recalled playing at the Wembley Arena in front of crowds of 10,000. "When Johnny was at his peak, they even had an act at the London Palladium. You couldn't imagine that now, could you?" said Barnes.
Born in Bow, in the East End of London, and brought up in Dagenham, Essex, Johnny was the son of Emma and her husband Jim, a manager at British Ropes, south of the Thames in Woolwich. Johnny played on the table in the works canteen there and set about pursuing junior titles, with his father's encouragement, at the age of 17, making him something of a late starter for the sport.
By that time, the second world war was under way, and he served with the Royal Air Force in Northern Ireland. With the serendipity that can shape a career, Leach discovered two international players, Jack Carrington and Ron Crayden, who were also stationed there, and they practised together. Leach maintained that he did not know how good he was until competition proper resumed after hostilities ceased.
The war had inadvertently bolstered English table tennis, with the arrival of the players Victor Barna and Richard Bergmann, from Hungary and Austria respectively. Both had been world champions in the 30s, and while in 1946 Barna was approaching the veteran stage, Bergmann, a brilliant defensive player, was at his peak. By 1947, Leach was in the mix too, reaching the semi-final of the world championships in Paris. The next four years were the halcyon days of English table tennis.
Bergmann won the world title at Wembley in 1948; Leach won the title in Stockholm the following year (to become only the second homegrown British world champion after Fred Perry in 1929); and then it was back to Bergmann in 1950, and Leach for his second title in 1951. Gaumont British News filmed Leach's arrival home from those championships in Stockholm, stepping down from a KLM Dakota with fellow world champions Diane and Rosalind Rowe, the twins who won the women's doubles. The scene was shown in cinemas across the country.
Though it seemed unlikely at the time, for Leach was only 28, that would be his last individual world title and the last by an English player. Twelve months later in Bombay, the Japanese player Hiroji Satoh opened his bat case and changed the sport forever. His thick sponge-covered bat used with a penholder grip imparted so much spin on the ball, and was so quiet, that the hard-bat players, with their pimpled rubber on wood, were no match. Satoh, in his first world championship, became Japan's first world champion in any sport.
Leach tried the new bats, but could not get on with them. Nevertheless, he had an illustrious swansong, winning the Swaythling Cup, the world team championship, in 1953 with Bergmann also in the team, and he would continue to compete internationally until 1959 and nationally until 1965, winning his last crown in the men's doubles at the national championships in 1964 with David Creamer.
Leach was not only a player. Involved with almost every aspect of the sport, he became a vice-president of the English Table Tennis Association, now Table Tennis England (1964), and then president (_PHONE_); he had a job with the table tennis manufacturers SW Hancock, a company he would later buy; and in the 1960s he established an ambitious talent-spotting programme with Butlins holiday camps, which discovered more than 50 international players.
He was appointed MBE in 1966, and his reputation preceded him everywhere he went. "He had respect all over the world. As soon as people knew that Johnny was coming with you, you had the best treatment, the best hotels,the best everything," said Barnes.
Leach married his wife, Daisy, in 1946. She died in 2009, as did a son, John, last year. He is survived by another son, Jeff, two granddaughters and two grandsons.
John Alfred Leach, table tennis player and entrepreneur, born 20 November 1922; died 5 June 2014