Connect with us
Hi, what are you looking for?
Bizzare & Odd
A chicken in Brazil laid an egg with a text message
A chicken in Brazil laid an egg with a text message 3
This happened in the municipality of Ceará, Brazil. According to, a stunned farmer named Raimundo Aluceno came to the local newspaper and demanded that the jounalists send the best scientists to the poultry farm. The reason for this was one of his birds, which laid a somewhat abnormal egg.
A chicken in Brazil laid an egg with a text message 4
Raimundo has long been engaged in his business and has seen everything. But for the chicken to lay an egg with some mysterious symbols – this is what he sees for the first time.
First, our hero shared the discovery with his neighbors, who, too, were stunned. Then at a meeting of the villagers, it was decided to send Raimundo to the scientists to explain this strange phenomenon.
Unfortunately, he did not reach the scientists, however, the TV channel Monólitos, broadcasting in Portuguese, became interested in the incident. The journalists went to the place and checked everything, after which they took a short interview from Raimundo.
The egg turned out to be real, not fake, and now no one knows how to interpret this event. The opinions of people are divided.
So, many people think that aliens are to blame for everything, since Brazil is a continuous anomalous zone. But why did aliens need this? Is this some kind of joke or message left to people?
On the other hand, many see the divine sign in everything. Moreover, since the symbols more closely resemble to numbers, not letters, believers see this as the date of prophecy about the Apocalypse.
Advertisement. Scroll to continue reading.
The situation with this egg is funny on one hand, and not on the the other. Why it is not funny can be understood if we recall that many cultures of the world are engaged in coloring eggs – they draw some patterns, inscriptions and so on.
All this, of course, could be some kind of witchcraft, whose roots go back to times about which nothing is known. But, apparently, there was some reason for the ancient people to make inscriptions on chicken eggs.
Maybe the ancients really had some sacred birds through which some forces transmitted messages to people, painting something on the shell. Then the messages ceased and the people themselves began to draw some patterns, repeating a forgotten ritual.
If this assumption is correct, then probably these ancient and forgotten times are returning and now many birds in the world will be carrying some quotes and valuable advice, so we follow the development of events.
You May Also Like


text:
Title: Structured (In)Feasibility: Nonmonotone Operator Splitting in Nonlinear Spaces
|Affiliation:||University of Goettingen|
|Zoom:||Register through The Fields Institute|
The success of operator splitting techniques for convex optimization has led to an explosion of methods for solving large-scale and nonconvex optimization problems via convex relaxation. This success is at the cost of overlooking direct approaches to operator splitting that embrace some of the more inconvenient aspects of many model problems, namely nonconvexity, nonsmoothness, and infeasibility. I will introduce some of the tools we have developed for handling these issues, and present sketches of the basic results we can obtain. The formalism is in general metric spaces, but most applications have their basis in Euclidean spaces. Along the way I will try to point out connections to other areas of intense interest, such as optimal mass transport.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to release a bowling ballHow to release a bowling ball
How do you hold and release a bowling ball?
Release the ball with a push-away motion. Release your thumb from the thumb hole just before completing your forward swing. This release allows for rotation and will cause your ball to hook when it approaches the pins. At the moment your thumb releases the ball, it should be pointing towards the bowling pins.
When should you release the ball?
The perfect release time would be on the flat plane of the downswing, before you pass your toes. It's tough to get this timing right, so practice is important. Use a bit of acceleration: Right before you release the ball, you should accelerate your hand a bit to give the ball some additional speed.
What causes a bowling ball to roll out?
The ball surface creates too much friction on the lane. Once the right amount of friction occurs, the ball no longer skids and has full traction on the lane and basically rolls out. The layout of the ball is not conducive to the way you bowl.
How do you rejuvenate a bowling ball at home?
Hot Water Bath Place your ball in some sort of bucket or container that is deep enough to completely submerge the ball. Run your tap as hot as it will go (without exceeding 140°F) and submerge the ball. After ~15 minutes, drain the water, give your ball a good clean, and re-submerge the ball.
Do professional bowlers use the thumb hole?
No. If a bowler doesn't use their thumb during a delivery, they can either have a thumb hole or a balance hole but not both. If the ball has a thumb hole but the bowler doesn't use it, then as long as it meets static balance requirements, the ball is allowed.
You might be interested: Closest airport to bowling green kentuckyClosest airport to bowling green kentucky
What fingers do you hold a bowling ball with?
Finger Placement A typical bowling ball has three holes. Two are side by side and one, usually, the largest of the three is located below those two. Put your middle finger and your ring finger in the side-by-side holes and your thumb in the other.
How do I stop pulling my bowling ball to the left?
How can I improve my bowling?
4 Tips to Improve Your Bowling Game Slow Your Feet. When your feet are ahead of the swing, this is called fast feet. Adjust Your Grip. Depending on how you want to throw the ball, your hands and fingers need to be placed accordingly. Learn About the Oil. Where you place your feet or what grip you choose are important to a good bowl. Join a League.
How do I stop my lofting bowling ball?
You can stand in front of a friend and gently roll the ball to him/her and he/she will stop it with his/her foot.
Can a bowling ball lose its hook?
Bowling balls lose their hook as a result of the oil and dirt collected from the lanes, poor maintenance, and age. The oil is absorbed into the pores of the coverstock and cause your ball's performance to decline over time if not properly cleaned and stored at proper temperatures.
You might be interested: South point bowling plaza las vegas nevadaSouth point bowling plaza las vegas nevada
Can I use Windex to clean my bowling ball?
Leave a Reply


text:
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Xylocopa violacea
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Xylocopa violacea, the violet carpenter bee, Indian Bhanvra is the common European species of carpenter bee, and one of the largest bees in Europe. Like most members of the genus Xylocopa, it makes its nests in dead wood.
It is not particularly aggressive and will attack only if forced to. It is sometimes mistaken for the European hornet. This species is well known in India as the 'Bhanvra'.
In 2006 it was reported from Cardigan and 2007 it was found breeding in England for the first time in Leicestershire, this follows a northwards expansion of its range in France and Germany and breeding in the Channel Islands and in 2010 it was also recorded in Northamptonshire and Worcestershire.
Violet Carpenter Bees hibernate overwinter and they emerge in the spring, usually around April or May. Hibernation is undertaken by the adults in wood where there are abandoned nest tunnels. In the late spring or early summer, they may be seen around searching for mates and suitable nesting sites. After mating, the gravid queens bore tunnels in dead wood, which is where the name Carpenter Bee comes from,although old nest tunnels may be used. Like other solitary bees, the queen creates the nest alone. The eggs are laid within a series of small cells, each of which is supplied with a pollen ball for the larvae to feed upon. The adults emerge in late summer then hibernate until the following year.
|This bee-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
F, V. F. Eastop, R. D. Hughes and M. J. Way. 1969. The Ecology of Myzus persicae. Ann. Rev. Ento. 14: 197-270.
Zimmerman, E. C. 1948. Myzus persicae (Sulzer). pp. 116-118. In: Insects of Hawaii, A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites, etc. Volume 5, Homoptera: Aphididae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 464 pages.


text:
The Ontario Biodiversity Council (OBC), in conjunction with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, released its State of Ontario's Biodiversity 2010 report last week, comprised of 29 indicators that provide the most comprehensive overview to date of the province's natural environment and the pressures that must be addressed for what?.
More than one-third of the indicators in the Council's report establish baselines of information for the first time, providing a reliable way to measure progress in the future. One of these indicators is the Ecological Footprint, which indicates pressure on biodiversity by measuring human demand on ecosystems.
In 2005, Ontario's Ecological Footprint was 8.4 global hectares per person, one of the largest in the world on a per capita basis, the report states. However, the ability of Ontario's biological resources to support these demands is limited. On a per capita basis, Ontario has much less biocapacity available than Canada overall, though its biocapacity equals its Ecological Footprint on a per capita basis
"To the extent human pressure exceeds what nature can renew or takes land out of use altogether by paving it over, biodiversity will face continued threats," said Global Footprint Network Applications Manager Meredith Stechbart.
In 2005, Ontario released a biodiversity strategy, which laid out a series of recommendations on improving the protection of the province's natural wealth. The creation of the Ontario Biodiversity Council fulfilled a recommendation of the Strategy.
"The work of the Ontario Biodiversity Council shows that the government has taken significant steps to address the goals of the biodiversity strategy," said Linda Jeffrey, Minister of Natural Resources. "Measuring and documenting our biodiversity will enable Ontarians to make informed conservation and planning decisions."
"This report shows where the threats to Ontario's biodiversity are," says Jon Grant, Chair of the Ontario Biodiversity Council. "We now have a clear picture of where we need to concentrate more efforts and where more research is required. We may not like all of the findings of the report, but we can certainly use the knowledge we've gained to strengthen Ontario's conservation agenda."
Download the State of Ontario's Biodiversity 2010
Download the State of Ontario's Biodiversity 2010—Highlights
Download the Ontario Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity Report
Post Comments • Read Comments (0)


Willow warbler migration
Most of our willow warblers will have left by now; they will be on their way to sub-Saharan Africa where they will spend their winter. Theirs is the longest journey undertaken by any of the park's migratory birds. Why do such tiny birds fly so far and take such risks to do it?
Willow warblers are insectivores and during our British winters most insects spend the winter in hibernation, either underground or hidden away from the cold, in some inactive phase of their life cycle. Willow warblers migrate to avoid starvation.
They will arrive in west Africa as the monsoon rains end in October. The violent monsoon storms will be over, the climate will be warm and wet and there will be more than enough insects to go round. Recent research has shown that European warblers of all kinds favour the coastal mangrove swamps of the Gulf of Guinea and spend our winter months there.
Why do willow warblers come all the way back to Britain in the spring to breed? Firstly, our insect populations wake up from their hibernation, sometimes with an explosion of larvae numbers; then our warm wet summers supply ample insect food, and the long summer days, when the sun sets much later than it would in west Africa, provide extra daylight hours in which to feed growing chicks.
The longest recorded lifespan of a willow warbler is almost eleven years but a typical lifespan is rarely more than two breeding seasons. While their migration might have maximised the chances of this year's nestlings surviving to adulthood, it is obviously a costly strategy for the parental generation.
Britain's invertebrate numbers are plummeting though; because we don't know why, we are unable to either prevent it from happening or reverse it. This will trigger behaviour changes in migratory insectivorous birds that come to the park to breed. If we can't or won't change the things that are costing us our invertebrate species, there will come a time when the willow warblers won't return from west Africa.
Conservation status : Classified in the UK as Amber under the Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the Red List for Birds (2015)
Header picture by DKG.
Comments are closed.
Create a website or blog at WordPress.com
Up ↑
%d bloggers like this:


text:
|© UNICEF Pirozzi|
The Open Dialogue, which UNICEF organized in January 2007, drew together colleagues from the World Bank, The UN Special Unit on South-South Cooperation, the International Budget project and 61 country delegations. The dialogue focused on how to make national budgets and public policies in general work as instruments for the realization of human rights, including children's rights. UNICEF presented two concrete examples of efforts to make this happen in two very different countries--Ecuador and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Some key ideas coming out of the dialogue:
1) The budget is not a technical instrument, but a political one, which expresses how a society sees itself and its priorities;
2)In order to ensure that the budget functions as an instrument for the realization of rights, it is important to open up the process of budget formulation and monitoring to all sectors of society by democratizing information and knowledge, and providing channels and instruments that allow people to participate meaningfully in debate and monitor how the budget is implemented and what impact it has;
3)UNICEF and the UN system are in a privileged position to help promote such a process, given their neutrality and impartiality vis-avis national political interests, and because they embody universal values based on global consensus.
Resources and tools for moving forward


text:
Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
A national bank is a financial institution chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. National banks can usually be identified because they have the words "national" or "national association" in their titles or the letters N.A. or NT&SA following their titles. National banks represent about 28 percent of all insured commercial banks in the United States, holding 57 percent of the total assets of the banking system.
Mixed-up deposits, no-show bill payments, or double debits — mistakes like this don't happen every day. But when they do occur, complain as soon as possible. The law may limit the window of opportunity of filing complaints.
If you have a complaint, start by calling a customer service representative or visiting your bank. Ask for the person's name and write it down. During the conversation, offer a solution and ask the representative to correct the problem by a certain date. Don't lose your temper. Raising your voice or making threats will not gain the cooperation of the bank employees.
Summarize your discussion with the representative in a letter and send it to the bank. Attach documentation of your complaint. (Make copies for the bank - do not give away your originals.) The letter may help prove you took timely action.
If you are not satisfied with the bank's response, you can complain to the bank's regulator. State-chartered banks are regulated by state banking authorities. To find your state agency, look in the government section of your white pages directory.
It is best to try to resolve a complaint directly with your bank before involving an outside agency. If you are unable to do so or are uncertain about your complaint jurisdiction, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) can help you.
General inquiries about banking laws or practices often can be answered on the phone by a customer assistance specialist. The specialist may also be able to suggest other ways for you to try to resolve your problem directly with the bank.
When resolution seems impossible, you may file a formal complaint with the OCC.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury. The OCC charters, regulates, and supervises over 2,500 national banks to ensure a safe, sound and competitive national banking system that supports the citizens, communities and economy of the United States. The Comptroller's Office also supervises federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks. The national banks fund the agency through assessments paid by the banks based on their assets and fees they pay for special services.
You may file a formal complaint about a national bank with the OCC by writing and sending (or faxing) a letter — no special forms are required — to the Customer Assistance Group at the address given below.
Your fax or letter should identify the national bank about which you have the complaint by providing the bank's full name and address. Explain the nature of your problem and tell the OCC what resolution you are seeking. Do not forget to give them YOUR name, address, and a telephone number where you can be reached during the day, as well.
The OCC Customer Assistance Group
The OCC Customer Assistance Group was created to answer questions, offer guidance, and assist consumers in resolving complaints about national banks.
Contacting a Customer Assistance Specialist
You can reach one of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's customer assistance specialists by:
When the OCC receives your call about a complaint, a customer assistance specialist will request certain information from you about your complaint. He or she will evaluate your information and attempt to resolve your problem while on the phone. Should the specialist not be able to resolve your complaint immediately, he or she may request that you send additional information to assist in their research. The specialist will assign you a case number and tell you exactly what they require you to provide, so that your case research can continue.
When the OCC receives your written complaint or additional documentation that was requested by one of their customer assistance specialists, they will send you an acknowledgment and assign your case to a customer assistance specialist. The specialist will research your complaint and contact the bank for an explanation of what happened. The specialist may request that you provide additional documentation and will identify exactly what it is that they might require. The OCC will notify you after the bank responds. Complaints caused by bank error or misunderstanding are often resolved voluntarily by the bank.
Many complaints stem from factual or contract disputes between the bank and the customer. Only a court of law can resolve those disputes and award damages. If the OCC find that your case involves such a dispute, They will suggest that you consult an attorney for assistance.
The OCC regulates only NATIONAL BANKS, not all types of financial institutions. If your complaint involves a bank or other institution not regulated by the OCC, they may refer it to another agency. The OCC will notify you if they do so. You should not have to resubmit your complaint or accompanying documentation. However, you may be contacted if the other agency needs additional information.
Consumer Help Is Available From These Agencies:
|Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Regulates national banks)|
Customer Assistance Group
1301 McKinney Street
Houston, TX 77010
|The Office of Thrift Supervision (Regulates federal savings and loans (S&Ls) and federally chartered savings banks (F.S.B.s))|
Office of Consumer Programs
1700 G Street, NW
Washington, DC 20552
|The Federal Reserve Board (Regulates state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System)|
Division of Consumer and Community Affairs
Federal Reserve Board
Washington, DC 20551
|The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Regulates Federally insured state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System)|
Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs
550 17th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20429
|The National Credit Union Administration (Regulates federal credit unions)|
1775 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3428
|Federal Trade Commission (Regulates other lenders)|
Consumer Response Center
6th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20580
|Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (Enforces Fair Housing Act)|
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
451 Seventh Street, S.W., Room 5100
Washington, DC 20410
If you don't think your bank falls into any of the above categories, contact the FDIC at _PHONE_, which co-regulates any bank that is covered by FDIC insurance.
The FDIC was established by Congress in 1933 to insure deposits and to help maintain sound conditions in our banking system. An independent agency of the federal government, the FDIC insures deposits in banks and savings associations for up to $100,000. The FDIC examines and supervises state-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System (also known as "state non-member" banks). The FDIC also promotes public confidence in the banking system. Federal Deposit Insurance Act
The FDIC enforces compliance by state nonmember banks with consumer protection, fair lending, and civil rights laws. The Corporation also assesses compliance through on-site examinations, community outreach, investigation of complaints and inquiries, and other efforts.
FDIC's Consumer Affairs Specialists are responsible for keeping abreast of changes to existing consumer protection rules and regulations to ensure that your concerns are addressed quickly and accurately
Consumer Affairs Specialists can provide you with important information concerning your consumer rights.
For guidance concerning your banking questions.
Federal Consumer Protection Laws
Certain federal consumer protection laws require lenders to:
Other consumer protection laws enforced by the FDIC include:
Your letter will be assigned to an FDIC Consumer Affairs Specialist for investigation or response.
In some instances, the Specialist will respond to you directly if there is no need to contact your financial institution. You should receive a final response in approximately 15 days. In other instances, the Specialist will need to contact your financial institution to obtain information, clarify issues, or gather facts.
Afterwards, the Specialist will respond to you directly. In cases such as these, a final response may take up to 60 days. The FDIC does not have the authority to solve complaints involving factual or contractual matters; nor does the FDIC intervene in matters of past, present, or future litigation. We suggest you contact an attorney to have these matters reviewed.
Mail your letter to the appropriate FDIC Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs regional office if your complaint involves a state nonmember bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve System:
|AL, FL, GA, NC, SC, VA, WV
One Atlantic Center
1201 W. Peachtree Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30309-3415
CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
IL, IN, MI, OH, WI
CO, NM, OK, TX
IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD
|AR, KY, LA, MS, TN
DC, DE, MD, NJ, NY, PA, PR,
AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,
You may also contact FDIC's Headquarters Office at the following address:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs


Peruvian president apologizes for wartime persecution of Japanese
Peru President Alan Garcia. Kyodo file photo
LIMA, Peru (Kyodo) — Peruvian President Alan Garcia apologized June 14 for his government's persecution and forced emigration of Japanese and Japanese Peruvians to the United States during World War II, marking the first such gesture by the Andean country, according a diplomatic source.
The apology came during his speech delivered at a Japanese Peruvian hospital facility in the capital.
Mass immigration from Japan began in 1899, with many immigrants having achieved success in the following years prior to the war. But once Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the Peruvian government banned assemblies by Japanese and Japanese Peruvians, froze their assets and sent about 1,800 of them to internment camps in the United States.
Garcia is known for his friendliness to Japan, one example of which is his decision to stipulate a day of mourning after the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that hit Northeastern Japan.
Although he is completing his term of office in July, Garcia is widely expected to seek re-election in the next presidential race in 2016, prompting speculation that his latest remark was aimed at currying favor with Japanese Peruvians, who have a measure of influence in Peruvian society.
Leftist Ollanta Humala, who won the presidential runoff earlier this month by defeating the eldest daughter of disgraced former President Alberto Fujimori, is set to succeed Garcia as president.
Speak Your Mind
Kyplex Cloud Security Seal - Click for Verification


text:
The easiest way to determine the proper diameter bushing is to measure the neck diameter of several loaded or dummy cartridges with an accurate micrometer. (These dummy cartridges can be loaded with your old set of dies or a borrowed set.) Then, simply subtract 0.001" from the cartridge that had the smallest average measurement. This will allow for a slight amount of spring back and create a proper press fit for the bullet.
Another method of determining bushing size, is to measure the neck wall thickness of the cartridge cases with a ball type or tubing micrometer. Double this measurement and add the bullet diameter to calculate the neck diameter of a loaded cartridge. As above, subtract 0.001" from this figure to determine bushing size. This method is the least desirable of the two, as a ball micrometer is fairly expensive and more difficult to read consistently than a conventional micrometer.


text:
Motility, fertility and ultrastructural changes of...
|Title||Motility, fertility and ultrastructural changes of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus L.) sperm after cryopreservation|
|Author(s)||Z. Yao, L. W. Crim, Gavin F. Richardson, C. J. Emerson|
|Abstract||The possibility of long term storage, by cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, of spermatozoa of ocean pout (Zoarces americanus) and the changes in motility, fertility and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa after freezing and thawing were examined. Four cryoprotectants, including DMSO, and 3 semen diluents (A, B and C) were tested for their influence on sperm motility. Since fresh spermatozoa displayed the highest motility in diluent C, which had the closest chemical composition to that of the seminal plasma of ocean pout this solution with DMSO (C-DMSO) was chosen as a diluent for ocean pout semen cryopreservation. Fresh semen was diluted in 3 volumes of C-DMSO, transferred into 0.25- or 1.7-ml straws, then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. When the internal temperature of the straws had dropped to -95 degrees C, the straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen. The frozen semen was thawed in a water bath at 1 or 30 degrees for 30 and 7 s respectively. The presence of DMSO in semen extender was essential for protecting the spermatozoa and 20% DMSO (v/v) yielded the highest post-thaw sperm motility (20-25% of the total cells). An average freezing rate of 9 degrees /min during the initial freezing phase (in liquid nitrogen vapour) resulted in higher post-thawed sperm motility than faster (18 degrees /min) and slower (6 degrees /min) freezing rates. Thawing frozen semen in water at 30 or 1 degrees did not cause any difference in terms of sperm motility. It is suggested that the loss of sperm motility during freezing and thawing is due to ultrastructural changes in spermatozoa (severe swelling of the mitochondria or dehydration of cytoplasm at the midpiece) which were detected by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro AI of fresh ova using thawed semen yielded a fertilization rate of 33% compared with 48-58% from fresh semen..|
Using APA 6th Edition citation style.
Times viewed: 193


Live Online Chat - Higher Education in Asia and the Pacific
Event | 14 December 2012 Online, _PHONE_ Manila time/0600-0800GMT
The higher education sector in the Asia and the Pacific region is facing a number of challenges, including rising tuition costs, a misalignment between education and labor market needs, and inequitable access to education in society.
Share your views and join the global discussion.
 - Is higher education still to be considered a public good?
 - What are the strategic and operational priorities for higher education in the region?
 - How should support for higher education be targeted to achieve a high, sustainable impact?
 - How can developing countries raise the quality of and expand access to higher education within a reasonable, yet ambitious, time frame?
As Asian Development Bank (ADB) Education Practice Leader, Jouko Sarvi coordinated the Higher Education In Dynamic Asia: Study Reports series. He will be online to discuss the reports and the challenges for developing Asia in the higher education sector.
When: _PHONE_ Manila time/0600-0800GMT on Friday, 14 December 2012


text:
- To measure effects of reducing salt content on the food matrix structure in relation to food quality emphasizing texture and sensorial properties.
- To develop methods for shelf-life prediction in products with reduced salt and strategies (e.g. hurdle technology, salt substitutes) to maintain food shelf-life.
- To identify industrial process and technological changes needed to ensure acceptable quality and shelf-life of low-salt products.
- To develop decision models to facilitate optimal choice of profitable production technology.
- Knowledge based production of second generation low salt products.
The main focus in this project is to address and solve the main technological and economical challenges related to texture and shelf life of fish and meat products with reduced salt levels, in order to meet health recommendations from the authorities and to secure important consumer benefits.


text:
Three Ancient Herbs
Aloe, flax and garlic are three herbs which have been used by mankind for centuries. The earliest uses of these herbs date back prior to the bible. As populations migrated, they brought their favorite herbs with them. These three ancient herbs with modern health benefits are as common today as they were with our ancestors.
Aloe vera use has been documented as far back as ancient Egypt. Although the variety used by the Egyptians does not resemble the aloe plant commonly found today, they are still related. Ancient Egyptians used a species of aloe juice during the embalming process. Today we use aloe vera to relieve pain and irritation from sunburn and insect bites. Many homes today contain an aloe vera plant.
Sunburn and insect bites aside, aloe vera has other uses. The fresh juice of the aloe vera plant can help reduce fever if taken internally. Furthermore, ingestion of fresh aloe vera juice can help with cleansing of the stomach and intestines. Aloe vera is available commercially as a live plant or in lotions and creams. Many cosmetics contain aloe vera, especially skin creams and sunburn remedies.
Flax is another ancient herb with modern health benefits. The earliest fragment of flax has been dated to be 9,000 years old. Flax is a plant that is made into linen. The Torah and the Bible both mention linen and flax. Ancient Egyptians used linen for mummification and for other cloth. Flaxseed oil was used in the ancient Egyptian embalming processes.
Today flaxseed is part of a healthy diet. Flaxseeds and flaxseed oil contains many beneficial antioxidants. There are flaxseed supplements, flaxseed is added to cereals and foods, and you can purchase flaxseed in many forms at health food stores. Rich in omega 3 and 6, flaxseed is an important part of a modern diet.
The alpha-linolenic acid found in flaxseed is another modern health benefit. ALA as it is sometimes referred to, is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, it is known to boost the immune system and may help prevent certain cancers from occurring. Flax is perhaps more important today than it was centuries ago.
Garlic is the final ancient herb with modern health benefits. Technically, it is a bulb and not an herb. Garlic's use dates back prior to the bible. Ancients used it to increase virility. It was thought to cure everything from infections to snakebites and depression.
Modern medical science has confirmed many of garlic's ancient uses as valid. Its antimicrobial properties have been established. For example, arginine which is found in garlic helps the body manufacture nitric oxide. A man's virility is dependent on the presence of nitric oxide. Without it, his ability to reproduce is compromised.
The chemical ajoene also found in garlic, is believed to help prevent clogging of the arteries. Allicin is known for its cancer and tumor prevention properties. It is another powerful chemical found in garlic.
These three herbs; aloe, flax and garlic, were extremely important to the ancient world. They were used for medicinal purposes and flax provided clothing as well. Today, modern health benefits are derived from the same plants our ancestors used. Some old wives tales have turned out to be medically correct. Sometimes everything old is new again.


text:
Problem : SAP Material documents associated with goods movements can be tracked via SAP Document Flow. Material documents generated via other processes like initial entry of goods into SAP, stock input into SAP cannot be viewed via document flow.
Solution : Use Transaction code MB03. The menu path for the same is [ SAP Easy Access -> Logistics -> Material Management -> Physical Inventory -> Environment -> MB03 Material Document ]
Step 1 : Enter SAP tcode MB03 and Enter/ Search the material document number and Fiscal year
Step 2 : SAP will display the material document number which includes
- The materials associated with the material document
- Quantities, Plants etc
- Also the Accounting documents ( By clicking on the Accounting Documents button in the toolbar) associated with the material movement if any.
This post is also useful for SAP MM training and SAP PP Training students. If you have issues with SAP IDES Access, like expired user id or locked user id, please contact us and mention your SAP ID and name.
Question 1 : What is the significance of "Posting Date" in the material document?
Question 2 : Can you change the material document after it is being posted?
Question 3 : Find out some (random) material documents generated for material M-01 in the FY 2003 and write them down here
Question 4 : Do Material Document types have a Document Type? ( Similar to SAP Sales Document type )


text:
Definitions for umbriaˈʌm bri ə
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
Um•bri•aˈʌm bri ə(n.)
a region in central Italy. 819,000; 3270 sq. mi. (8470 sq. km).
Category: Ancient History, Geography (places)
a mountainous region in central Italy
A region of central Italy.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
a province of ancient Italy, between Cisalpine Gaul and the territory of the Sabines; inhabited originally by a powerful Latin race.


text:
Control Temperatures Precisely Throughout Your Home
Imagine being comfortable in any area in your home at any time. Villara's Zoned Thermal Equalizer (ZTE) makes it possible.
Eliminate Hot and Cold Spots
Our patented electronic device converts an ordinary heating and air conditioning system into an intelligent comfort control system. Two or more separate zones of your home are createdupstairs and downstairs or living areas and sleeping areas – then temperatures are controlled separately in each zone.
The ZTE system provides benefits to single or two story homes:
- Separate temperature control for each zone
- Maximization of overall system capacity
- Long-term energy savings of up to 17%
- Improvement in temperature differential between floors by up to 60%
- Fully automatic or manual operation


text:
¡¡¡¡The ethnic Russians
in China living in Ili, Tacheng, Altay and Urumqi in the Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region and in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
They first began moving to China from
Tsarist Russia after the 18th century. More entered various parts
of Xinjiang after the 19th century, and even after the October Revolution
They speak Russian, their customs and
clothing are almost identical to those of the Russians in Russia,
and most of them believe in the Orthodox Eastern Church.
Before the founding of the People¡¯s
Republic of China in 1949, the Russians living in towns were mostly
employed in various repairing businesses, transport, handicrafts,
horticulture, animal husbandry and bee-keeping. In rural areas,
groups of about 10 Russian families lived together in small villages.
They reclaimed and cultivated the wasteland on the banks of the
Ili and Tekes rivers.
They had achieved a fairly high level
of development in production and culture. But under reactionary
rule, they were exploited and oppressed.
The Russians living in urban areas
now work mainly in industry, transport, finance, trade and medicine.
Although the Russian ethnic group in
China has a small population, it has deputies to the National People's
Congress and the regional People's Congress. They take an active
part in running state and regional affairs.


text: In cetology, the study of whales, a blowhole is the hole at the top of the head through which the animal breathes air. In baleen whales, these are in pairs.Dec 2, 2015 But two whales learned otherwise when common soles became lodged either in or just below their blowholes, slowly suffocating them to death.The blowhole is only connected to the lungs and opens and closes to let in air and relase CO2. It is a muscular flap surrounded by a dense nerve net on the.Aug 30, 2016 What to do when your blowhole is blocked? A dolphin has learned to breathe through its mouth instead, even though it's not usually an option.blowhole (plural blowholes). The spiracle, on the top of the head, through which cetaceans breathe. A vent for the escape of gas. A top-facing opening to a cavity.


text:
Studying Performance Practice Through Sound Recordings is a LibGuide centered around recordings from the Yale Collection of Historical Sound Recordings (HSR). The guide is designed to point toward selected recordings, which have been chosen for their relevance to performance practice styles that were prevalent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such recordings can serve as "audio treatises," demonstrating examples of performance styles that can be associated with composers of the Romantic era. The LibGuide also includes biographical information relevant to performance practice studies, as well as suggested literature for further reading. The recordings and background information just scratch the surface of the performance practices of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, providing a starting point for continued research, study, and application.
All of the recordings listed are part of the Yale Collection of Historical Sound Recordings, and are available to be requested for access and use (in most cases, HSR has the original recording, but will suggest or provide a digitized version for research use):
-Recordings that are cataloged through Orbis (Yale's online catalog) are linked to their catalog listing. Please follow the online link, which will contain the relevant information about requesting the item.
-Items without a link are internally catologed through Yale HSR. Please use the digital request form, copying the full information of the item into the "items requested" box at the end of the form.
In-studio appointments may also be made with the Head of the Collection, Mark Bailey by emailing _EMAIL_.
Through the study of early recordings, one can understand the breadth of various performance practices native to performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Different recordings can convey common and contrasting approaches to elements including articulation, phrasing, tempo, dynamics, and diction. These often rare audio documents also indicate how various techniques, such as rubato, vibrato, and portamento, were used in distinctive ways, as compared to current practice, whereby the same techniques can be applied and actualized much differently, if at all.
At the Yale Collection of Historical Sound Recordings (HSR), students, scholars, performers, and pedagogues alike can research performance practice as captured on sound recordings, dating back to the late 19th century. By immersing the ear in the many recordings of instrumental and vocal performers from various countries and eras, there evolves the ability to identify, consider, and appreciate patterns of conscious choice in musical expression. Furthermore, one notices through repeated and close listening not only improvements in sound fidelity over time, but also many significant changes in the way musicians interpreted music. Through the study of historical sound recordings, we may all evaluate more objectively the stylistic actualization of music throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Approximately 280,000 recordings currently reside at HSR. The majority are 78s and LPs; the rest consist mostly of reel-to-reel tapes, CDs, audio cassettes, and cylinders. Special topics are featured by composer and instrument, highlighting salient stylistic aspects, assisting in the navigation of the collection and guiding research in performance practice.
The earliest recordings ca. 1900 generally appear in the form of cylinders and 7 to 12 inch 78s primarily from the mechanical or pre-electric era. These recordings convey far less of a realistic sound than modern listeners are used to, but they still manage to get across the detailed sounds of articulation, phrasing, vibrato use, diction style, and so forth, in a manner that is unique to the period and allows for critical comparison against current practices. Following that time, numerous recordings made in the 1920s with the assistance of electricity also convey crucial performance style information with increased audio fidelity.
Some early recording myths potentially stand in the way of cultivating an objective approach to Romantic era performance practice. For instance, there is a notion that performers often played too fast and sloppily in order to fit a section of music onto a side that only accommodated several minutes of recorded music. Though some complained about feeling rushed to fit the music onto a side of a disc, immersed listening shows this contention overall to be false (putting aside piano accompanists and other exceptions). On the contrary, in spite of the special and, by comparison, limited recording conditions of that time, performers overall applied their best musicianship and technique, as listeners would have access to these recordings indefinitely. Musicians across repertoire engaged fully in expressive devices native to the period, including flexibility of pulse, portamento, and distinctive articulations. Similarly, some argue that musicians overplayed or over-sang into the pre-electric recording cone for fear of not being heard. Again, these recordings say otherwise, as the listener can hear remarkable instances of deliberately soft, subtle, and nuanced singing or playing. This is not to say that what one hears on these recordings exactly replicates music as it was made on all occasions. But they do reveal an important way in which music was made and heard with increasingly popularity.


text:
I've read that July of 1916 was the sunniest month ever recorded in Chicago, logging 95 percent of possible sunshine. Did the sunshine recorders in use then follow use today's standards?
--George Ballas, Morton Grove
Retired Chicago weather observer Paul Kubecka found that the instrument for measuring solar irradiance in 1916, the Maring-Marvin sunshine recorder (in use in Chicago until 1953) was less sensitive than today's version. It required.37 langleys to initiate the recording of sunshine compared with to the current World Meteorological Organization standard of.17 langleys. It also had a slower response time, taking up to 10 minutes before beginning to log sunshine at sunrise and sunset and during passing cloudy intervals. If weather conditions were identical, today's instrument would have recorded a higher sunshine percentage than the 1916 version.


text:
A non-Newtonian Fluid is one for which stress is not linearly related to strain-rate. All non-Newtonian fluids are elasticoviscous, that is they combine elastic and viscous properties. When the time-scale of a flow tf is much less than the relaxation time tr of an elasticoviscous material, elastic effects dominate. When on the other hand tf is much greater than tr, elastic effects relax sufficiently for viscous effects to dominate. The ratio tr/tf is a dimensionless number of particular significance in the study of flow of non-Newtonian fluids: depending on the circumstances, this number is called the Weissenberg Number or the Deborah Number. The Weissenberg number Ws is named after Karl Weissenberg, an early worker in the field of non-Newtonian fluids. The definition of Ws depends on that of tf which is given by:
where tr() denotes trace and e denotes strain-rate given in terms of velocity u by:
For a simple shear flow with shear-rate γ:
while for a simple extensional flow with extension rate ε:
Thus for flow at mean velocity U through a pipe of diameter D and length L, and so. By contrast the Deborah number. Thus Ws is larger than De by the ratio L/D.


Industry News
Biffa says "Recycle Right" on Earth Day 2021
Nappies, ready for recycling
To support Earth Day's 2021 campaign, Restore our Earth, Biffa wants to help people to 'recycle right' and make sure the right items go in the right bin.
The UK leader in sustainable waste management is urging people to get their recycling right to protect the environment and has released a list of the 10 most common items preventing bags of recycling from being processed.
Most Common Items Which Contaminate Your Recycling
 1. Key FactsNappies
 2. Feminine Hygiene Products
 3. Food Waste
 4. Black Sacks Containing Household Waste
 5. Blister Packets
 6. Textiles
 7. Electrical Equipment
 8. Wood
 9. Kids Toys
 10. Garden Furniture
#1 7.7 million nappies come through Biffa's material recycling facilities annually – one nappy every four seconds.
#2 Up to 30 nappies are found in each tonne of recycling received.
#3 Electrical wires can cause serious issues when they end up in recycling plants, forcing it to shut for cleaning or breaking machinery.
Jeff Rhodes, Head of Environment and External Affairs from Biffa said: "To protect our environment, we need to 'recycle right' so that as much of our waste as possible is recycled. By educating people on what can and can't be recycled we hope to continue improving the UK's recycling rates. In turn this will create a more sustainable environment and help take care of our planet."
He added: "The past year has given people the chance to appreciate the environment around them and it's vital do all we can to protect it. Biffa has invested more than £54 million in its recycling facilities over the past 5 years to enable more materials to be recycled in the UK."
Why is it Important to Avoid Contamination?
When non-recyclable items end up in the recycling bin, they cause issues such as contamination, risks to hygiene and create additional costs to identify, extract and dispose of items.
As part of its Resources and Waste Strategy for England, the government is targeting a recycling rate of 65% by 2035. To achieve this, as well as helping to protect our planet we all need to do our bit and recycle right.
Top tips for recycling
 - Check items labels for guidance
 - Separate out materials into correct bins
 - Keep items clean, empty and dry
 - If you are unsure, ask your local council or check out the recycle now website.
Biffa is a pioneer of plastic recycling, having built the UK's first food-grade closed-loop plastic recycling in Seaham, County Durham last year.
The plant enables Biffa to recycle 57,000 tonnes of plastic annually, or 1.3bn plastic bottles per year and is part of the Group's ongoing drive to invest in the UK's recycling infrastructure to allow more waste to be recycled at home.
What is Earth Day?
Earth Day began in 1970, calling for greater protections for the planet. Its mission is to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.
Since starting in 1970, it has become the world's largest recruiter to the environmental movement, working with more than 75,000 partners in over 190 countries to drive positive action for our planet. More information can be found at .
Leave a Reply


Does this project spark your interest?
Become a member to follow this project and don't miss any updates
Create a global network of sensors to detect insecticides suspected as harmful to bees.
Similar projects worth following
This project is submitted for
This project was created on 06/24/2014 and last updated 4 months ago.
Bees. Kinda important for human food production, right? I thought maybe I'd create a small, 3D printable bee-replacement 'bot, but that's just a band-aid on a bigger problem. Let's find out where the chemicals are, and get that data in the hands of the public. These are wi-fi enabled detectors which tweet location and toxicity.
As an open source project makers the world over can build and operate the device and automatically participate in the global measurement of the health of our bee populations.
1. Get neonicotinoids concentration via a sensor at a bee hive entrance, from a sensor where groundwater passes, or direct hive pollen samples.
2. Tweet Concentration, Time, Location for analysis to a central _USER_.
3. Data is then available to all for inspection.
4. Crazy-Goal: Audio fingerprint wingbeat sounds of each individual bee to provide local population counts and possibly measure changes to colony members wing beat patterns potentially related to poisoning.
Questions that may be answered:
Are my bees ok?
Are there chemicals here that shouldn't be?
Is there a correlation between detection and population size and health?
Parts List:
Power: Solar/LiPo
Brains: Arduino Yun (base station) & RF Receiver
Remote sensor: Trinket / ATtiny85 & RF Transmitter
Detector: Not yet sourced (see Links for possible sensor development)
Location / Time: GPS
Construction Notes
Single Master: A single Arduino Yun connects directly to the sensors and to wifi.
Multi Master model:
Arduino Yun; WiFi to the 'tubes (ie twitter)
RF 433 MHz receiver (to receive data from remotes deployed in the field at some distance from wifi)
Remote Pinout (ATtin85, adaptable to the Trinket):
RST1 8Vcc
Why use a Trinket? For the effort, it's simpler and cheaper as it has onboard USB, as compared to using a bare Atmel '85. After all, we want to make this easy to build and program!
Sensor(s): I2C Based
Option: I2C Based FRAM for logging storage and more infrequent transmission
ENA: Power up sensors, transmitter (MOSFET controlled voltage regulator) and GPS.
TX: Serial output to transmitter (ie 433 MHz)
GPS: Serial input
Theory of Operation
Assuming deployment of multiple remotes at distances too far for wifi, remotes use inexpensive RF serial links transmit on a schedule to prevent collisions. For example remote1 would transmit only at 5 minutes after the hour, remote2 at 10 minutes after the hour, and so on. Remotes are GPS enabled, so they keep accurate time. This also means that remotes can be moved and they will report data with accurate position information without setup.
The Arduino Yun acts as a bridge, receiving the RF serial data, validating it, and then sending it via wifi to a central service (ie a centralized twitter account). This also may be used to extend the distance somewhat from the wireless base station/router.
Project logs
 - A Detector?
 4 months ago • 0 comments
 The tough part of this project is that it lacked an actual sensor - but this might be changing soon.
 Check out the June 2015 news here: and keep your fingers crossed!
 Do I think we'll get a $5 IC sensor out of this? Probably not - at least at first. But I could see something like an inexpensive I2C based device one day. The key is that it has to be inexpensive enough to get into Makers hands, and to get a LOT of them out there.
 With IoT dev boards integrating wireless and support for the Arduino IDE & Libraries it seems like this could boil down to something as simple as an Autonomo, battery, solar panel, and some wiring :)
 - Radios... Radios... Radios...
 9 months ago • 0 comments
 The last little while I've been tinkering with the RF24 library for those inexpensive Nordic based radios. Pretty neat. The hardest part has actually been getting a Processing sketch to parse the serial stream in a stable way; ie not chopping off a 32 byte packet at random places. I think the easy answer is to just stream a bunch of data into a buffer until a no-receive window happens, then parse the buffer.
 Seems (under OSX Yosemite / Processing 2.2.1, at least) that serial data arrives in 48 byte blobs from the driver. Nice.
 I also switched to sending a start character trigger, and at 250000 bps a typical send (32 bytes/packet x 32 packets = 1024 bytes) takes at least 42ms, but occasionally up to 73ms, but 50ms seems about right.
 I also discovered that one of the odd things that was fouling up processing was a weird behavior of the control.p5 library; it was causing a long delay at the end of every loop() pass.
View all 2 project logs
zakqwy wrote a year ago point
The sensor is crucial to this project; I'm fascinated to see what you discover in your research. This project is incredibly important!
Are you sure? yes | no
Ken Meyer wrote a year ago point
I'd love to add this to my beehive monitoring system if you ever get a sensor that will work to sample air at the entrance to a beehive! It'd have to be sensitive enough to measure traces of insecticides in the air, but as long as it's not incredibly expensive to implement for a year (I'd pay up to around $100, it'd be more successful around $10), even a single-use disposable sensor could yield fascinating results!
Here's my project page on
And my blog:
Are you sure? yes | no
Adam Fabio wrote a year ago point
Bees are incredibly important to the survival of so many crops - this is a great project Noel! Thank you for entering The Hackaday Prize! The bismuth electrode research sounds pretty darn intersting - I can't wait to see what you come up with! Try to get some photos and documents up as soon as you can, as they help with the weekly votes.
Are you sure? yes | no
Similar projects


text:
I am new to working with DEM files but have a need to be able to work with SRTM3 DEM files to calculate elevation given a Lat,lon coordinates.
I understand from reading the documentation that the file contains binary data that represents Signed Int16 data that has height in meters.
My question is this, given a file say that has its bottom left corner being -33, 152 and covers 1 degree of lat, long how would do read a location in the file based on a given latitude, longitude point.
So if I had a position that was -33.456 152.434 how do I calculate the position of that height reading in the file?
I have read the file in to memory I just need to work out how to select the correct location in the resulting array.
Hope this makes sense.
Thanks for you help


using default parameters or those saved to the preferences file.
--audio_in
Capture audio from the specified device or from stdin. The latter allows for dubbing a captured video using a command line like the following. The default is /dev/dsp.
cat some.mp3 | xvidcap --audio_in -
--audio_rate
Set the desired sample rate. The default is 22050 Hz. Note that when using stdin input the input file will be resampled as needed.
--audio_bits
Set the desired bit rate. The default is 32000 bit. Note that when using stdin input the input file will be resampled as needed.
--audio_channels
Set the desired number of channels. The default is 1 for mono. Any value above 2 is probably only useful with stdin input and a 5-channel AC audio input file.
'File' menu: This menu contains entries for quitting, help and options. If you quit the program all open files will be closed. (gvidcap pops up the menu at a right click on the 'Reset Frame Counter' button. It has an additional menu-item to save your preferences and an autocontinue toggle. Also, the 'Make Animated GIF' function has been moved to this menu in gvidcap.)
'Make Video' menu entry: Select this to execute a program specified in the'mkVideoCommand' resource. It could be used to start e.g. a MPEG encoder or similar program. The following parameters are passed to the executed application:
- %s: file name of the frames, e.g. 'cap-%04d.xwd'
- %d: number of the first saved frame
- %d: number of the last saved frame
- %d: width of the frame
- %d: height of the frame
- %f: frames per second
- %d: time per frame (ms, TPF = 1000 / FPS)
You can omit parameters from the right to the left but not in the other direction. This will work 'ppm2mpeg %s %d %d' but this will not 'ppm2mpeg %d %d %f'. Note that you might not need the ppm2mpeg or in fact the mkVideo feature at all, if your version has on-line MPEG encoding built in (again: Try a file extension of *.mpeg). Also, gvidcap does not honour X resources. Thus the'mkVideoCommand' is not user-definable for gvidcap in this release.
'Reset frame counter' button: When capturing to individual frames press this button to reset the internal picture number to the start number (default is '0'). This will make xvidcap overwrite previously captured individual frames. The file name which is displayed in the label is the file name of the next frame which will be saved. While capturing the label is only updated if there is enough time to do it. When capturing to movie files, this button resets the count of the recording sessions, not the frames. (gvidcap: right-click to popup the file menu.)
'Stop recording' button: Stop a running recording session.
'Pause recording' button: Use this to halt a recording session until you release manually release this button again.
'Start recording' button: Start to capture from the selected area.
'Capture single frame' button: During a paused recording session this button captures a single frame per mouse click.
'Move cursor back one frame' and 'Move cursor to next frame' buttons: The cursor is the picture number of the next frame to capture.
'Attach/Detach selection frame' button: This toggle controls whether or not the capture selection frame moves with the control panel.
'Select rectangular area' button: Click this icon to get a cross-hair cursor for selecting the area you want to capture. Clicking the cursor on an application will fit the selection frame to that application window's size and position. You can also click and drag the cursor to select a custom rectangle.
'Make animated GIF' button: This executes an animation program as defined in the X resources and plays the captured frames. Note this is not configurable in gvidcap. (gvidcap: This can be found in the file menu, right-click on the 'Reset Frame Count' button.)
'Edit current frame' button: Executes an image edit program as defined in the X resouces. Note this is not configurable in gvidcap.
You can set some default values with the X resources (for example in your private '.Xdefaults' file). The syntax is 'xvidcap*: '. Note that gvidcap as a GTK2 application completely ignores X resources. Some configuration options can also be saved to a private options file $HOME/.xvidcap.scf.
Float, see OPTIONS
options file example -> fps: 15.000000
String, see OPTIONS
options file example -> file: test.mpeg
capWidth and capHeight
Integers, see the --cap_geometry option
Float, see OPTIONS
options file example -> max_time: 0.000000
Integer, see OPTIONS
options file example -> max_frames: 0
Integer, see OPTIONS
options file example -> compression: 0
Integer, see OPTIONS
String, from where to read the data: x11, shm; see also OPTIONS
Integer, see OPTIONS
options file example -> quality: 75
String, animation command which should be executed if the 'Animation' button is pressed. The default value is 'animate "%s" &'. The '%s' is substituted by a file pattern, e.g. if the file name is 'cap-%03d.xwd' it is called with 'cap-???.xwd'. You can also add a '%d', but this must be after(!) the '%s'. The '%d' will be filled with the seconds per frame in milli seconds.
String, edit command, which should be executed if the 'Edit' button is pressed. The default value is 'display "%s" %'. If you don't have the 'display' program from the ImageMagick package you can also use 'xv' or 'gimp' or what ever you want.
String, see'mkVideo' button, default: 'ppm2mpeg %s %d %d %d %d %f %d &'.
String, help command which should be executed if the 'Help' button is pressed. The default value is 'MANPATH=/usr/local/X11/man rxvt -e man xvidcap &'.
Integer, use shared memory, don't change manually (not yet implemented for Xresources)
options file example -> shm: 16
String, video codec used by ffmpeg, (not yet implemented for Xresources). Supported values atm are 'MPEG1', 'MJPEG', 'MS_DIV2', 'MS_DIV3', 'MPEG4', and 'FLASH_VIDEO'. Selecting MS_DIV2 will write an AVI file compatible with Windows Media Player, MS_DIV3 an ASF, FLASH_VIDEO will NOT write an *.swf file but rather a streamable *.flv file that can be imported into an *.swf file with Macromedia tools.
options file example -> codec: MPEG4
Integer, defines whether or not to capture mouse-pointer movement using a pseudo mouse-pointer. Supported values are '0' to disable the feature, '1' to capture a white mouse-pointer, or '2' to capture a black mouse-pointer.
options file example -> mouse_wanted: 2 (not yet implemented for Xresources)
Integer (0|1), toggles audio capture off|on.
String, see AUDIO SUPPORT above.
Integer, see AUDIO SUPPORT above.
Integer, see AUDIO SUPPORT above.
Integer, see AUDIO SUPPORT above.
Integer (0|1), toggles autocontinue off|on.
Rasca Gmelch, Karl H. Beckers
XVidCap is published under the GNU General Public License.
This document was created by man2html using the manual pages.
Meet new people


text:
Jejunoileal bypasses were performed in rats to determine the effect of improved absorption on the development of liver dysfunction occurring after this procedure. Several parameters of liver function were measured in rats 7 weeks after both the standard 85% small-bowel, bypass and an 80% bypass in which an extra 5 cm of intact bowel was retained. Animals having undergone 80% bypass had a lesser degree of lowering of serum protein and triglyceride levels, hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity than did the animals undergoing 85% bypass. Abnormalities found in 85% bypassed animals were only partially reproduced by reducing food intake in another group of 80% bypassed animals. These findings emphasize the importance of, nutritional factors in the etiology of bypass-induced liver disease and militate against toxin production in the defunctionalized bowel as the sole cause of liver dysfunction following bypass.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


The Grammarphobia Blog
Prior considerations
Q: There seems to be a trend in conversation these days to replace the more traditional "prior" with "previous" in certain prepositional phrases. For example, in Leonard Lopate's recent interview with Alan Greenspan on WNYC, Greenspan uses the phrase "previous to that." The word "prior" seems more appropriate here. Is it grammatically correct to use "previous" in such instances?
A: The phrases "prior to" and "previous to" have long histories, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Both date back to the 1600s.
They're prepositional phrases that can act as either adjectives or adverbs. I'll invent an example with both kinds: "Construction prior to [adjective] 1900 is reviewed prior to [adverb] demolition." In either case, "previous to" could be substituted, with no grammatical error.
In fact, both The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.) and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.) define "previous to" as "prior to" or "before."
Grammar is one thing and style is another, however. "Prior" and "previous" all by themselves can be used as adjectives ("prior construction," "previous regulations") without raising any eyebrows.
But many style guides frown on the use of "prior to" and "previous to" as adverb phrases meaning "before." Some critics have complained that "previous to" should be "previously to" when used as an adverb.
"Prior to" is more common in ordinary usage than "previous to." (Google: "prior to," 391 million hits; "previous to," 2.5 million.) But I don't like either one. Using them for "before" is like using "subsequent to" for "after." In my opinion, both are stuffy and unnecessarily wordy. I much prefer "before" if it works.
Now I'll sign off, prior to becoming cross-eyed.
Buy Pat's books at a local store or


A lifting device consists of an electric motor, a gearbox and a drum with a cable for lifting a mass.
The speed after the initial acceleration is $v=0.5\,\text{m/s}$.
The gear efficiency $\eta=0.7$
Maximum motor torque is $T=15 \, \text{Nm}$
Motor inertia $J_m=0.005 \, \text{kgm}^2$
Drum diameter $d = 0.5 \, \text{m}$
Motor rotating speed after initial acceleration $n=2600\, \text{rpm}$
The inertia of the drum $J_L$ is considered small and thus neglected.
I want to Calculate how much time it takes for the motor to accelerate the mass $m=510 \,\text{kg}$ from standstill upwards to the given speed. Assume constant acceleration.
enter image description here
I know applying Newton's second law that:
$$F-mg=ma$$ and then we get the acceleration
$$a=\frac{F-mg}{m}$$ and the speed v
$$v=at$$ so $$t=\frac{mv}{F-mg}$$
The motor rotates the geared system $\omega_M$ and the geared system rotates the drum $\omega_L$.
The mass $m$ causes the torque $T_L=mgr$ on the rope drum. So the power of the load is $P_L=T_L\omega_L$. And therefore $\eta P_m=P_L$ and there I get the $\omega_L$ when $$\omega_L=\frac{\eta\, T_m\, \omega_m}{T_L}$$
But how do I get force $F$ so I can calculate the time or is there better way to do this?
Or can I calculate the acceleration $a = \frac{T}{J_{motor}}$
Since this mechanism is all rigidly coupled, it has one degree-of-freedom. One differential equation combined with boundary conditions is enough to describe the position, velocity and acceleration of the system.
Steps for main problem:
 1. Compute missing gear ratio as it is a useful parameter: $i=\frac{\omega_M}{\omega_L} = \frac{\frac{2\pi}{60}}{\frac{v}{r}}$
 2. Transform interia: In order to do derive the equation of motion you have to transform all inertia values to ONE position in the described 'force chain'. I take the hanging load as my transformation target as it is of linear kind of motion and hence more intuitive than rotary kind. The transformation itself is nicely derived in here and many mechanics textbooks.
 - Transformed motor inertia $m_{M->L} = \frac{J_M \cdot i^2}{r^2}$ in $[kg]$
 - Transformed drum inertia $m_{D->L} = \frac{J_D}{r^2}$ in $[kg]$
 - Load inertia $m_L$ stays the same
 3. Transform forces acting on the mechanism: This is mainly the motor torque $T_M$ which I assume is a constant. It is reduced by $\eta$ which is the constant power loss in the geartrain. There is also a static force $G$ neccessary to prevent the load from falling down.
 - Transformed motor torque $F_{M->L} = T_M \cdot i\cdot \eta$ in $[N]$
 - Weight of load $G_L = m_L \cdot g$
 4. Build differential equation according Newtons 2nd law: $ m \cdot a = \sum{F}$
 - $(m_{M->L} + m_{D->L} + m_{L}) \cdot a = F_{M->L} - G_L$
 - $(\frac{J_M \cdot i^2}{r^2} + \frac{J_D}{r^2} + m_L) \cdot a = T_M \cdot i\cdot \eta - m_L \cdot g $
 5. Since all parameters are known you can solve for $a$ which is a constant value. Integrating a over a time period $\Delta t_a$ gives you the velocity $v$ of the load, which is given above. Finally:
 $\Delta t_a = \frac{v}{a} = \frac{v \cdot (\frac{J_M \cdot i^2}{r^2} + \frac{J_D}{r^2} + m_L)}{T_M \cdot i\cdot \eta - m_L \cdot g}$
 BTW: The nominator of the fraction is the impulse of the system, the denominator the force trying to change the impulse.
About transformation of inertia:
 - Assuming a lossless gearbox, there is conservation of power:
 $P_1 = T_1 \omega_1 = P_2 = T_2 \omega_2 $
 - Basic kinematic relationship gives a fixed ratio between input and output:
 $\frac{\omega_2}{\omega_1} = \frac{\dot\omega_2}{\dot\omega_1} = i$
 - Newtons 2nd law gives:
 $ J_1 \cdot \dot\omega_1 = T_1$ and $ J_2 \cdot \dot\omega_2 = T_2$
 - and you can write by dividing the equations above and using the gear ratio:
 $\frac{T_2}{T_1} = \frac{\dot\omega_2}{\dot\omega_1} \cdot \frac{J_2}{J_1}= i \cdot \frac{J_2}{J_1} $
 - Use the conservation of power and replace the ration of torques with the equation above:
 $\frac{T_2}{T_1} = \frac{\omega_1}{\omega_2} => i \cdot \frac{J_2}{J_1} = \frac{1}{i} => J_1 = i^2 \cdot J_2$
When you crank a machine at side 2 with a gearbox with a ratio $i=2$:
 1. you need half the torque compared to cranking on the output shaft $T_2= \frac{1}{2}\cdot T_1$
 2. you need to crank twice as much for a certain rpm at the load $\omega_2 = 2 \cdot \omega_1 $
 3. the inertia of the load (e.g. a flywheel) you feel is cut down by factor of four $J_2 = \frac{1}{2^2}\cdot J_1$
One could also say the moment of inertia is reduced, but only for this common case. If you sit on the output shaft, the motor inertia gets amplified. So probably it's better to speak of a transformed mass moment of inertia. In the case of a lossy gearbox, the torque gets decreased by the efficiency, but the general relation $J_1 = i^2 \cdot J_2$ still holds true.
BTW: For drive machines there is a gear ratio leading to an optimum regarding rotational acceleration: $ i_{opt} = \sqrt{\frac{J_2}{J_1}}$.
Your Answer


First edition of Yeats poem auctioned in Dublin, Ireland
Posted: Sunday, October 26, 2008
DUBLIN, Ireland - A terrible beauty has been sold.
A rare first edition of one of William Butler Yeats' most political poems, "Easter 1916," was sold Wednesday at Adam's auctioneers in central Dublin to an anonymous bidder for $9,600 - roughly double the forecast price.
Auction house director David Britton said the original copy of the poem - one of just three known to exist worldwide - received exceptional interest from bidders because it appealed to enthusiasts both of Yeats and of Ireland's independence struggle from Britain.
Yeats wrote the poem in the months following the Easter rebellion of 1916, when guerrillas seized key Dublin government buildings for a week before surrendering to British forces.
The poet distributed only 25 copies of the work at first, for fear that wider publication might stir violence. Just three copies are known to remain today; the other two are in the National Library in Dublin and the British Library in London.
The Dublin public initially condemned the rebels for bringing ruin to the capital but turned fiercely anti-British when the rebellion's commanders were executed within days. A new wave of rebels eventually secured independence for the predominantly Catholic south of Ireland in 1922, then fought a self-destructive civil war over the terms of the treaty with Britain.
The poem reflects Yeats' own deep ambivalence to his countrymen's willingness to resort to violence against Britain. It also gives an insight into the far greater bloodshed that lay ahead.
Its most famous concluding lines lament that, through Britain's decision to put the rebel leaders to the firing squad, Irish hearts had been hardened beyond repair.
"Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born."


Inca Trail Names
Place names on the Inca Trail
Most of the names of places on the Inca Trail were invented by Hiram Bingham, and are unlikely to correspond to the original names used by the Incas. They also reflect Bingham's assumptions about the function or significance of the different locations, which may not always have been accurate.
For these translations, I am indebted to Martina Faller and Iñes Callalli Villafuerte, who were kind enough to provide me with a list of translations in both English and Spanish.
Spanish: Puente Alegre
English: Bridge of Happiness
cusi = happy; chaca = bridge
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Limpia el Oro con el Viento
English: Gold-sifting Place
q'ori = gold; huayra = wind; -chi = causative; -na = nominalizer
Spanish: Pueblo de escalónes o pueblo alto
English: Step(ped) town or High town
pata = step or stair, or high; llacta = village or town
Spanish: Lugar de Pasto
English: Place of Good Pasture
huaylla = good pasture; bamba = place
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Hace Ceremoniales
English: Place of Offerings
(etymology uncertain) [1]
Spanish: Mujer Muerta
English: Dead Woman
huarmi = woman; huanusca = dead
Spanish: Rio Escondido
English: Hidden River
mayo = river; pacay = to hide
Spanish: Ruinas Amontonadas
English: Pile of Ruins
runku = piled; racay = derelict house [2]
Spanish: Poblado Pendiente
English: Village (in a) Steep Place
sayac = steep, vertical; marca = village
Spanish: Pueblo Alto en las Nubes
English: Town High in the Clouds
phuyu = cloud; pata = high part; marca = village [3]
Huinay Huayna
Spanish: Joven Para Siempre
English: Forever Young
huinay = forever; huayna = young
Spanish: Puerta del Sol
English: Gateway of the Sun
inti = sun; punku = gate, door [4]
Machu Picchu
Spanish: Cima Vieja
English: Old Peak
machu = old; picchu = peak [5]
Huayna Picchu
Spanish: Cima Joven
English: Young Peak
huayna = young; picchu = peak


Most healthcare data like EHR, claims, socioeconomic, etc are aimed to aid a specific practice domain that is disparate and diverse. Hence these are difficult to operate under a single roof for certain purposes. So, to collect and maintain all these types of data at a single place for performing analytics and machine learning on top of it, we need a common data model approach to support this.
Predera Data model (PDM) is a healthcare common data model designed to facilitate data interoperability which is built on top of OMOP CDM and extended using FHIR data standard is used to support observational analytics on top of healthcare data.
OMOP CDM allows for the systematic analysis of disparate observational databases and making disparate coding systems be harmonized with minimal information loss into a standardized vocabulary.
In order to populate the PDM
 - Initially, the EHR data in various formats like HL7, FHIR, CSV files, etc are collected in a Data warehouse. This DW also acts as a historic datastore and also purposes for other applications.
 - Based on the type/schemas of the data each field is first mapped to respective equivalent FHIR identifiers to create FHIR resources.
 - This helps us to bring all the various standardized/non-standardized data into the FHIR healthcare standard which is widely used in the industry and can leverage all the additional features of FHIR as well
 - These FHIR resources are then mapped to the fields of the pre-built PDM schema to populate it.
To perform all this data ETL, stitching, etc. Apache Spark has been used.
 - Apache Spark is a high-performance in-memory parallel processing engine which can has the capability of reading data from data lakes, data warehouses, relational databases, and Big Data sources
 - The application built using Spark can also connect to APIs exposed from the EMR machines or data exported from the EMRs into various locations
 - From simple to complex transformations of data can be done here and then finally can be loaded into the PDM.
Predera Data Model (PDM) seamlessly works with all data formats as it implicitly contains all the resources supported by FHIR which is an industry-standard.
This is designed to evolve with different data sources and formats coming in to support various applications and usages.
Using the data residing in PDM things such as feature stores, machine learning models, rule engines can be seamlessly built and various analytics can also be performed.


text:
The Kinna's are another fine example of a pioneer family contributing to the development of the Eckville area in the early 20th century. John Kinna was born in 1854 in Waimela, Estonia. In 1903 John, along with his wife Marie and their five children, immigrated to Canada and settled on a homestead north of Eckville, adjacent to the Medicine River. John and his sons soon built a five-room, two-storey house from surrounding trees. John and Marie lived here until 1942 when they retired from homesteading to take up a quiet life in the town of Eckville.
John's background as a labourer in Estonia facilitated the cultivation of land in Alberta's rugged wilderness. John was well trained in leather work and often repaired shoes, mittens, and harnesses. The topography around Eckville also provided ideal fishing locations. John's first significant purchase was in livestock when he bought four cows and numerous chickens. When Killick's General Store opened its doors, the Kinna family delivered butter and eggs in exchange for other groceries. To earn additional revenue, the Kinnas contracted a modest mail route and made three trips a week to neighboring towns and villages. A horse-drawn sleigh equipped with a tent, food and bedding was used to deliver the mail. The family's earnings typically went toward the purchase of farm tools and livestock.
The Kinna's often butchered pigs at home and produced a variety of pork products. Sausages, lard, smoked hams and blood sausages were mixed with barley to create traditional Estonian cuisine. Since canning had not yet been widely developed, root vegetables stored in the cellar were frequently used. Rye and oats were the first crops grown. Marie would use the oats to create "kiisla", another popular Estonian meal.
In 1909 John's son Fritz began establishing plans for building and operating a water-powered mill adjacent to the Medicine River. A dam and a 50-yard canal were also to be built. The project was successfully completed in 1912, and farmers soon arrived from miles around to pay the Kinnas to grind grain.
John and Marie died in 1950. They had six children, all born in Estonia.
Fritz was born 30 September 1881 in Waimela, Estonia. He was an active member of the Eckville community participating in school board functions and serving as a director for the Eckville Co-operative Association.
Olga was born 29 March 1883. She married Charlie Raabis and they farmed north of Eckville until Charlie's death in 1942. She later moved to Eckville, spending much of her leisure time oil painting.
Minnie was born 9 October 1886. She was a school teacher until she married Varley Buchanan. As a result of the union, they collectively became proprietors of the Benalto Hotel.
Arthur was born 31 May 1889 and quickly developed an aptitude for playing the violin; this later gave him the opportunity to travel to San Francisco. He homesteaded north of Eckville for a short period. Later, he operated the Benalto general store and post office.
Ernest was born 3 March 1901. He married Ena Woima and lived on their farm in the Kuusamo district of Estonia.


A. A. The Netware migration tool (nwconve.exe) does not support the NetWare Directory Services (NDS) service type of logon on Windows NT 4.0, and therefore you will need bindery emulation configured on the NetWare server for the migration to successfully migrate.
To configure bindery emulation perform the following on the NetWare Server
 1. Load Servman on the NetWare Server Console
 2. Select "Server Parameters" from the menu options
 3. Select "Directory Services" from the menu
 4. Scroll down to the "Bindery Emulation" section. If there is no SET statement to the right of the entry then bindery emulation has not been enabled.
To set it perform the following (still on the NetWare Server)
 1. Using Servman get back to "Bindery Emulation" (the same menus as above) and press ENTER
 2. A text entry box will appear where you should type in the command in the format of
 where is the Organisational Unit of the users are from and is the name of the Organization (TREE) where the OU resides
You should then log off and back on to the NT Server. Rerunning NWCONVE.EXE should then run.


to print (hide...) as
Major Section: IO
(assign eviscerate-hide-terms t)
(assign eviscerate-hide-terms nil)
Eviscerate-hide-terms is a state global variable whose value is either t or nil. The variable affects how terms are displayed by default (but not if you have set the term-evisc-tuple to other than its default; see set-evisc-tuple). If t, terms of the form (hide...) are printed as . Otherwise, they are printed normally.


text:
App note: What is a silicon transient voltage suppressor and how does it work
A primer app note(PDF) on silicon transient voltage suppressors by Microsemi.
This entry was posted in app notes and tagged app note, Microsemi, TVS.
Silicon transient voltage suppressors (TVSs) are clamping devices that limit voltage spikes by low impedance avalanche breakdown of a rugged silicon pn jucntion. They are used to protect sensitive components from electrical overstress such as that caused by induced lightning, inductive load switching and electrostatic discharge.


text:
Asked by lovemaan5500 | 27th Dec, 2017, 01:27: PM
Figure shows the position of 1.5 kg and 1 kg mass at initial and final status. It can be seen from figure that string length from 1.5 kg mass to pully is changed to √5 m. Initially string length from 1.5 kg mass to pully was 1 m. Hence the height raised by 1 kg mass is (√5-1)m.
Let us account the energy gain/loss.
1.5 kg mass has lost its potential energy of height 1 m. This loss of potential energy ΔE1 = 1.5×9.8*1 = 14.7 Joules
1 kg mass has increased its potential energy of height (√5-1) metre is ΔE2 = 1×9.8×(√5-1) = 12.11 Joules.
The difference of energy between ΔE1 and ΔE2 is converted into kinetic energy of 1.5 kg mass at final status.
Answered by | 1st Jan, 2018, 10:34: PM
- ex. 2c q 6
- ex. 2c q 5
- exercise 2b q 24
- exercise 2c q6
- exercise 2c q5
- what exactly is gravitational potential energy? is it the potential energy of the force of gravity or the potential energy against the force of gravity?
- What is kinetic and potential energy?
- A body of mass m is moving with velocity v. Write the expression for its kinetic energy.
- A solid metal weighing 150 g melts at its melting point of 800 degree C by providing heat of 100 W. The time taken for it to completely melt at the same temperature is 4 min. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of the metal?
Kindly Sign up for a personalised experience
- Ask Study Doubts
- Sample Papers
- Past Year Papers
- Textbook Solutions
Verify mobile number
Enter the OTP sent to your number


text:
Holocaust Memorial Conference
The University of Exeter's Holocaust Memorial Conference 2019 brought together 200 students from schools and sixth forms from across the South West alongside over 100 University students and alumni to learn about the Holocaust, its surrounding issues and contemporary relevance.
At the Conference, students heard from Mala Tribich MBE, a survivor of the Holocaust with a deeply moving and powerful testimony. After listening to her testimony they took part in seminar discussions led by academics from the University and external expert guest speakers from across the country. At the end, many wrote pledges of how they would share what they learned with others and work in their communities to mark Holocaust Memorial Day and challenge antisemitism and hatred in the world today. Together with Mala's testimony, the conference gave students a deeper and more personal understanding of the Holocaust. As one attendee wrote in their reflections:
"I found the experience so powerful and moving: there is only so much at school in class you can learn and begin to understand but hearing even the part of Mala's story that we could really showed the harsh reality of the Holocaust and how it affected so many people'.
The conference could not have gone ahead without support from the Alumni Annual Fund. Donations were used to produce conference materials, including a banner and programmes for each student and to fund travel and accommodation for conference speakers. Barnabas Balint, one of the conference organisers, described the importance of such an event:
"This conference brought together academics, researchers, and students from across disciplines and backgrounds for a common cause: to learn from genocide, for a better future."
To watch a video about the conference, please click here.


text:
Exploring the Science of Shaving (Feb, 1957) (Feb, 1957)
Exploring the Science of Shaving
WHAT could science possibly know about your beard that you don't already know? Surely, your knowledge of how to shave that beard—gained from long and painful experience—would be more accurate than any theories scientists might have on whisker cutting. Or would it?
The chances are, you might find (as we did) that a little study on the subject of beards, can produce much more comfortable shaves. It also makes a fine topic for conversation with the boys in the back room when the poker game lags.
There is even, for instance, a correct technical name for the science of shaving. They call it pogonotomy, whether it's done by carving whiskers off with lather and a blade razor, or chopping them off dry with an electric razor. We'll discuss both methods, starting with the lather-and-slice routine.
Let's suppose, now, that you are ready to commit pogonotomy early some morning. The job facing you is to trim off a crop of hairs, each of which, when dry, is about as tough as a copper wire of the same diameter.
Preparing the Face. To eliminate the wire-like hardness in these whiskers, you will have to get water into them. Specifically, the water must penetrate the keratin protein which accounts for over 90% of the hair's weight. This keratin content of the hair will readily absorb both water and the oil that seeps out of the sebaceous glands in your skin. The problem is that when it is saturated with skin oil, the water can't get in to do its work.
You then use soap or shaving creams which emulsify and flush away oils and dirt, so that water can flood in and saturate the cleaned hairs. In two minutes' time, the water-saturated hairs will dilate 16% and soften to the point where it takes 75% less effort to shear them off.
This softening of the beard also makes your razor blades live a lot longer. Tests made at Mellon Institute showed that a blade used on a dry beard was good for only one shave. But 15 seconds spent wetting and soaping the beard upped the blade's life to two shaves without re-stropping; three minutes soaking, and blade life rose to four shaves. And 10 minutes, including a shower bath, pushed blade life to five shaves without re-stropping.
But here we are talking about razor blades, and we haven't finished preparing your face for that shave. Before you actually cover up your face with lather, take a good, close look at your beard. How you shave it will depend on these things: the type and thickness of the whiskers; the direction (grain) and angle at which the hairs emerge from the skin; and the sensitivity of your skin.
If your beard hair is white, greying or red, curly, or coarse, allow more time for preliminary soaking to soften it. If it is dark, straight and fine, time spent preparing the beard can be shortened. This was confirmed in a four-year study made by Drs. Lester Hollander and El-bridge J. Casselman at the Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh., They showed that a sample of dark hair stretched (by softening) to 0.58% of its full length after soaking 20 seconds in water at 86°F. White hair in the same time stretched to only 0.10% of its full length.
The coarseness and alignment of hair also determines the angle at which it emerges from the skin. Generally, the thicker the hair, the more erect it stands, although whiskers never grow perpendicular to the skin (except at some points on the chin). Extremely curly or kinky hair usually grows flatter against the skin. Ordinarily the whisker-skin angle is between 30° and 59° (Fig. 2).
The smaller the angle (that is, the closer the hair lies down against your skin) the harder it will be for you to get a close trim without shaving off too much skin. Tests show you will lose almost as much skin as you will hair anyhow (from.50 cc of skin to.63 cc of hair in one test,.12 cc skin to.14 cc hair in another). No wonder shaving makes your face sting!
Beard grain, or the direction your whiskers grow, is probably the most important single thing to study for getting a good shave. On most men, areas of varying grain direction are about as shown in Fig. 3. Study your whiskers with Fig. 3 in mind. Note the direction they grow in the different areas, and plan to shave with the grain, if you are using a straight or safety blade razor, and want the most comfortable shave.
Unless you've tried shaving against the grain and know you can do it consistently with only mild discomfort, don't shave with a blade razor against the grain in any of these areas. You'll get an extremely close shave, but the process will be like excavating each hair under the surface of th,e skin so that it will grow upward against the inner skin, irritating and perhaps infecting it (Fig. 2). Results will range from a slight itchiness a couple of hours after shaving to an infected beard, or sycosis barbaee.
Which Shaving Cream Should You Use? Some general rules are that a good lather should flush grit, soften the beard, lubricate the razor, have plenty of volume, stay moist, soften quickly, and mitigate irritation or infection. Menthol content is supposed to soothe the skin; lanolin, to soften it and keep it from feeling harsh after shaving; lecithin is an emulsifier that also helps soften skin; and mineral oil holds down the drying effect of soap. Using ordinary soap lather for shaving is not recommended; the alkali content is frequently too irritating.
Brushless creams are free of the soap agents which irritate some shavers. They usually are, however, slower than shaving soaps in softening the beard, and you must be sure you wash your face thoroughly beforehand, if you use them. They also may tend to shorten blade life because of their higher acidity. There is some evidence that creams containing phenol help to produce a painless shave and improve skin condition.
Canned aerosol creams are chemically closer to shaving soaps than brushless creams. Yet there is some doubt, such as that voiced by Harry Hilfer writing in the Journal of the American Medical Association, that aerosols are as efficient as other lathers. The trouble simply seems to be that men do not massage them into the beard as well as they do other soaps and creams. Ready to Carve? Remember to keep your face continuously moist from the time you start washing it until you rinse off the last bit of shaving cream. Beard hairs tend to dry out quickly. Try to shave in a warm room. Hold the razor, not like a screwdriver, but lightly and firmly with your fingertips. Don't bear down, and don't stretch the skin too much. Follow the grain of the whisker growth on your shaving strokes, wherever you can. And check your effective shaving angle.
This is the angle (Fig. 5) formed between the blade near its edge, and a line passing downward through this edge and tangent to the razor's guide bar. When this angle is too large, the blade tends to dig in, causing razor burn or incisions. When it's too small, the razor tends to toboggan-slide over your beard, not digging in enough to cut it. Experts say a 20 to 25° angle will cause little pain, but when it widens to over 40°, look out! Sometimes careful bending of the guide bar or realignment of the blade-clamping device can correct the angle.
First Aid for Problem Shavers. If you have followed the suggestions we have listed, and find your skin is just as irritated afterwards, try using cold water for the second lathering' and use a shaving soap or cream containing menthol. Some men use cold water for everything but the first wash and rinsing the razor. One fellow even obtained a patent on a system for sensitive shavers: wash, lather and rinse entirely in cold water but use a hot razor head and razor blade.
You might also try shaving with a blade that's not quite new. Tests have shown that pain (researchers call it shaving trauma) is caused less often by dull blades than by sharp ones, and blades dulled by at least one shave are less likely to cut into small capillaries.
If you have given your beard the proper pre-shave washing and soaking, and you still have to pull and pull the razor across your face, losing your beard only gradually, three things may be wrong: the lather may be too stiff, the blade may be too dull, or the effective shaving angle of your razor may have decreased.
Shaving with Electric Razors. Over 24 million American males now own or have owned an electric shaver.
The reason for this popularity is simple: speed. In one or two minutes you can shave close enough with an electric shaver to please anyone except your favorite girl or your barber. In five minutes you can do a fairly close job.
For a close, comfortable shave with^your electric or other mechanical shaver, first wash face and neck thoroughly at least five minutes beforehand, and don't linger in the steamy atmosphere of the bathroom. Face should be dry. Pre-shave lotions are supposed to dissolve oils, flush grit off the whiskers. Pre-shave powders are supposed to absorb


From Q
Jump to: navigation, search
A NET is a combination of categories on a Categorical Question. A NET is always computed in the same way: it represents the proportion of respondents (i.e., cases) to have selected one or more of the categories and have no missing data.
NET with mutually exclusive categories
With mutually exclusive categories, such as gender, a NET is the sum of categories: 51% males + 49% females = 100% NET. Thus, with Pick One and Pick One - Multi questions, a NET is in essence a total.
NET with categories that are not mutually exclusive
The following table shows awareness data, where people were permitted to be aware of 1 or more brands (it is a Pick Any question). Note that the NET here is not a total. Where the categories overlap, the NET will always be less than or equal to the sum of the categories, except where there is missing data (this is discussed in more detail below).
NET with categories that are not exhaustive
A NET is only 100% if the categories it represents are exhaustive. The example below shows ages of children in families. The NET is not the sum of the categories above, because people can have more than one child. And, it is not 100% because people in the sample have no children.
See NET is not 100% for a discussion of options when you wish to force the NET to be 100%.
NET with missing data
Cases with any missing data are excluded from the NET. In the table on the left, all the brands have a sample size of 327 except for Pepsi Light, which has a sample size of 314 due to 13 cases with missing data (i.e., Missing n). In this example, the NET is computed using only the 314 cases that have complete data (i.e., Pepsi Light and all the other brands).
In the table to the right many of the brands have missing data, and as a total of 21 cases have some missing data, the Base n used in computation of the NET is 306.
By definition the Base n for the NET must always be less than or equal to the smallest Base n shown in a SUMMARY table. For the same reason, the Column n shown for the NET row in a crosstab and shown in Statistics - Below must always less than or equal to the smallest Column n in that column.
See Column n Is Too Small for a discussion of options when you wish to display a different sample size.
Creating a NET
NETs are automatically created when a project is setup in in Q. Further NETs can be created by selecting multiple categories, right clicking and selecting Create NET (see Manipulating Data).
The NETs that are automatically created (i.e., which, by default, are shown at the base and to the right of tables) are no different to NETs that are manually created using Create NET.
See also