academy figure
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A careful painting or drawing (usually about half life-size) from the nude human figure made as an exercise, typically in an art school or academy. The figure is usually depicted in a heroic pose, and there is a tradition of suitable postures that goes back to the Carracci.
Subjects: Art.
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This has been driving me nuts for days... Any help would be appreciated.
I have the following class set up:
class tutor:
 anzahlmitarbeiter = 0
 def __init__(self, name):
 self.name = name
 self.aerzte = []
 self.beobachter = []
 QuicklytestWindow.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter += 1
 def __del__(self):
 QuicklytestWindow.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter -= 1
All instances of the class are being held inside a dictionary.
The if self.tutor_number_vorhanden == 1 checks to see if that object has been instantiated. I have a function that istantiates these objects only if needed and then sets the appropriate variable to 1.
 self.mitarbeiter_dict = {}
 if self.tutor_1_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[1] = self.tutor_1 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_2_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[2] = self.tutor_2 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_3_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[3] = self.tutor_3 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_4_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[4] = self.tutor_4 # the names of the instantiated objects
I am now trying to access a specific self.aerzte list item from a specific tutor object. My code:
the context:
while i <= self.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter:
 self.textview.get_buffer().insert(self.textview.get_buffer().get_end_iter(), "\n" + "Arzt: " + self.mitarbeiter_dict[i].aerzte[j])
i += 1
j += 1
This program is running in a PYGTK Window. self.textview.get_buffer() gets the contents of a textview object and appends(prints) my string at the end.
The problem I am getting is that
for some reason returns the entire self.mitarbeiter_dict[i].aerzte list instead of the one string item (a name) that I want which then cannot be printed because it cannot concantenate list and string items.
Again, thank you for your time and help in advance.
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You need to show how you are manipulating the aerzte list. You only show one line where you initialize it to [], but how do you add to it? It sounds like maybe you're not adding what you think you are. – BrenBarn Jul 14 '12 at 5:30
Any variables called x_1, x_2, etc... are the sign of a common anti-pattern - You are having to write the same code again and again for each of them. Use a list or tuple and a for loop. – Lattyware Jul 14 '12 at 8:37
I have another function which holds a list of names i want to distribute to the tutor objects. I do somethin like self.tutor_1.aerzte.append(self.a[0::2]) where self.a is the list of names. I want to put every second name into self.tutor_1.aerzte – user1525082 Jul 14 '12 at 10:22
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text:
Why is a Squirrel Belly White?
You may wonder why is a squirrel's belly white. This article will explain the reasons for this characteristic. Tree squirrels' pale belly balances the amount of light that reflects off of their bodies, and their black back stabilizes them while they move. Additionally, tree squirrels are clumsy walkers. They have pale chests and dark backs to protect their nestlings and other young. To conclude, the white belly of a squirrel is an evolutionary adaptation that makes them less vulnerable to predators.
Dark back stabilizes their bodies
Squirrels are aerodynamic creatures with a little flap on the patagium, just like aircraft wing tips. These flaps reduce drag near the end of the wing and stabilize the body during flight. Unlike airplane wing tips, however, squirrel winglets are located far from the center of gravity, increasing flight efficiency. The flaps also help stabilize the glide, as they are located far from the center of gravity.
Females protect nestlings from predators
In their first few months of life, female squirrels protect their nestlings from predators. The babies are usually born naked, weigh fifteen grams, and develop their first few features such as a tail and a hairy head. During the next four weeks, they will also open their eyes and ears. By eight weeks of age, they will start venturing out of the nest. They are nearly adult-sized by this time. Male squirrels reach sexual maturity at fifteen to 18 months, while females reach sexual maturity at eleven to twelve months.
Red squirrels are abundant and of low conservation concern. Their population tends to fluctuate in response to periods of cone and seed production. Large cone masts can increase their population. However, high squirrel populations can reduce nestling survival in several songbird species. Red squirrels are a particular threat to Bicknell's thrush, a species with high conservation concern. The red squirrel also attacks the eggs of the titmouse, another endangered species.
Tree squirrels are clumsy walkers
Flying squirrels are among the most recognizable wildlife of the northern hemisphere. Although these animals are clumsy walkers, they are very elegant when flying. They often flutter along tree trunks and tops, and have large eyes that make them a target for predators. Flying squirrels feed mainly on nuts and fruit from deciduous trees, but they also eat insects, buds, and mushroom stems. Domestic cats and owls are also known to eat them.
When threatened by a predator, squirrels will quickly run off to the other side of the tree trunk. This behavior allows them to hide and escape from a predator. However, if they are threatened on the ground, they will choose to hide. If you're wondering how to protect your pet from a squirrel, follow these tips:
They glide from branch to branch
You might be wondering why a squirrel's belly is white. Gray squirrels are notoriously clumsy walkers. Most of the time, they live in trees, gliding between the tree branches. Their flight can reach distances of up to 82 feet, which is about five to twenty-five meters. This white belly is a sign of the squirrel's gliding abilities.
The southern flying squirrel is a small, nocturnal creature found in several eastern states. It has a white belly and flattened tail. It weighs about 1.5 to three ounces and is completely nocturnal. Their wings are made of a thin wing-like membrane called a patagium. This membrane provides the squirrel with a smooth, gliding surface and allows it to glide from branch to branch.
What is the function of a squirrel's belly?
The squirrel's belly is used to store food.
Why is a squirrel's belly white?
The squirrel's belly is white to better camouflage it in the snow.
When do squirrels need to use their belly storage?
Squirrels need to use their belly storage in the winter when food is scarce.
How does a white belly help a squirrel survive?
A white belly helps a squirrel survive by camouflage.
What type of environment is a squirrel's belly best suited for?
A squirrel's belly is best suited for a snowy environment.
What other function does a squirrel's belly serve?
A squirrel's belly also serves as a place to keep its young warm.
How big is a typical squirrel's belly?
A typical squirrel's belly is about the size of its head.
What is the average weight of a squirrel's belly?
The average weight of a squirrel's belly is 4-5 ounces.
What is the average lifespan of a squirrel?
The average lifespan of a squirrel is 6-10 years.
How many offspring does a squirrel have per year?
A squirrel has 1-8 offspring per year.
How often do squirrels have to eat?
Squirrels have to eat every day.
What do squirrels eat?
Squirrels eat a variety of things including nuts seeds fruits and insects.
Do all squirrels have white bellies?
No not all squirrels have white bellies.
Some squirrels have brown or gray bellies.
How do you tell a male squirrel from a female squirrel?
Male and female squirrels can usually be told apart by their size.
Male squirrels are usually larger than female squirrels.
Do all squirrels live in trees?
No not all squirrels live in trees.
Some squirrels live in burrows underground.
Jessica Watson is a PHD holder from the University of Washington. She studied behavior and interaction between squirrels and has presented her research in several wildlife conferences including TWS Annual Conference in Winnipeg.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I have the following code:
Object.defineProperty(LineSegment.prototype,'hasPoint',{ value:
 function (point) {
 if (typeof point!= 'object' ||!(point instanceof Point)) {
 throw new TypeError('LineSegment.prototype.hasPoint requires a point value.'); }
 var m = (this.y1 - this.y2) / (this.x1 - this.x2);
 return (this.y1 - point.y) / (this.x1 - point.x) == m; }
It works fine for lines, but not line segments. How would I check if the point is out of bounds, and apply it to JavaScript?
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1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The easiest and fastest answer can only be used if x1 < x2. In that case, the following return statement:
return (this.y1 - point.y) / (this.x1 - point.x) == m && point.x >= this.x1 && point.x <= this.x2;
The first part checks if the point is on the line, the two next conditions check if the x coordinate is between x1 and x2 (inclusive).
Note: if x2 < x1, you can simply add a condition in the constructor to swap the two points. You could also change the point in the form p+q*v (where p is the first point of the line, q the second and v a scalar value, this is only possible if the point is on the line). If v is between 0 and 1 (inclusive), the point is on the line segment.
EDIT: Just a warning, your method won't be very reliable, because of the way computers handle doubles. See the wikipedia page for some examples: _URL_
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Thanks, I ended up using: return ((this.y1 - point.y) / (this.x1 - point.x) == m && ( point.x >= this.x1 && point.x <= this.x2 || point.x <= this.x1 && point.x >= this.x2)) || (this.y1 == point.y && this.x == point.x);, I'll look into something to deal with the float issue later, probably a 9e6 type solution. – Not a Name Feb 2 '11 at 2:18
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Loading Break-bulk Cargo, Port of New Orleans, early 20th Century
Source: Port of New Orleans & Asaf Ashar.
Prior to containerization break-bulk cargo had to be manually loaded and unloaded. Several systems were put in place to do so, depending on the type of cargo and how it was packaged. Cargo could be in barrels, crates or bags, but the maximum size of these load units remained to the level that could be carried by crews using various means. Piers were usually made out of wood because of lower construction costs and particularly since the loads transiting were not particularly heavy (loads of half to one ton). On the above photo, longshoremen are using a system of pulleys and slides to lift bagged cargo unto a ship from a hand cart that travelled a short distance from the adjacent on-dock transit shed. Such warehouses were prevalent in ports at that time to ensure that break-bulk cargo spent the least amount of time exposed outdoor. Still, cargo was prone to damage. This also presented the opportunity for cargo theft. The cargo being handled on the above photo appears to be flour, particularly since New Orleans has historically been a major export gateway for American agricultural goods shipped through the Mississippi system. The disks on the mooring lines were to prevent rodents to climb into the ship as the bagged foodstuff was particularly vulnerable. The typical productivity level of a longshoremen crew was 5 to 10 tons per hour (a modern gantry crane is capable of handling 500 tons per hour) implying that ships spent a large share of their commercial life at ports being loaded or unloaded. At a later time, further attempt at unitization involving pallets and larger bags were made. Still, the system changed little until containerization in the late 1950s.


Processing Settler Toxicities: Part II
Toxicity is violence.
The etymology of the word "toxic" comes from the greek word for bow and arrow, to the word for arrow poison. I don't often turn to etymology for meaning, but I think it is worth keeping in mind the direction and agency and intentionality of the poisoned arrow in discussions of toxicity. So often, we speak about the toxic as something already-there, a latent substance in the environment or in our food or in our bodies. I want to trace the poison back to the flight path of the arrow, to the archer. I want to remember that he aimed to kill us when he raised his bow.
Toxicity refers to the capacity of a substance to harm or debilitate or kill an organism. Another word for toxicity is "poison," but this is not how industry likes to talk about toxicity, perhaps because "poison" is a verb.
My work is with and for Indigenous land defense. Currently, the most vicious attacks on our territories, the biggest threats to our lives and futures and lands, come from resource extraction. Our opposition to oil and gas and mining is twofold:
 1. to prevent the (further) toxic contamination of our land, water, and air in light of the toxic effects of mine tailings spills, pipeline breaks, and air-borne poisons
 2. to re-occupy our territories to assert Indigenous sovereignty and to protect these territories for Indigenous use, including hunting, fishing, trapping, medicine gathering, and ceremony.
The more toxic our territories become, the harder it is to live on them. When we can't hunt or fish or gather medicines, how will we fulfill our responsibilities as Indigenous peoples? Toxicity harms us as individual bodies, and also as social and cultural bodies. It threatens our existence as peoples.
Toxicity is violence. More specifically, it is settler colonial violence. Toxicity and the invasive infrastructures it spills from separate us from the land by damaging our relations to it. If our lands are toxic, the more we engage in our cultural practices, the more we risk harming our bodies. Toxicity turns our relations against us. It kills us through connection. It eliminates us as Indigenous peoples by making Indigenous practices dangerous. Don't eat the fish, don't drink the water, don't gather the berries. It does the work of settler colonialism by destroying to replace. Our ways of sustaining ourselves, our local economies, our food provision, our medicine, are cleared for the expansion of an economy based primarily on oil and gas. Here, the pipeline spills and toxic emissions, while perhaps "accidents," are not without direction or intent. Trace the poison arrow back through its flight path, to the archer. Who is holding the bow?
Chemical toxicity harms us through contact. Our intimacy with the land and water and air and other-than-human relations means we ingest the poison. It is absorbed through our porous skin. We breathe it in.
Settler toxicity and toxic masculinity also operate through intimacy. Regimes of property ownership that naturalize the theft of Indigenous land take form in settler men. The cowboy. The pipeline man camps. The john. It is no wonder that the rates of sexual violence against Indigenous women and girls increase at the frontiers of oil and gas expansion. Settler toxicity harms us through contact. Our intimacies turn dangerous.
While chemical toxicities from resource extraction and industrial and military development cause slow death for Indigenous peoples, either through the illnesses produced by environmental destruction or the generational elimination of Indigenous ways of life, toxic settler masculinities have already fully infected settler state governance and law. As Indigenous feminist scholars (Joanne Barker, Jennifer Denetdale, Mishuana Goeman, J. Kehaulani Kauanui, Audra Simpson, Leanne Simpson, to name only a few) have pointed out, the sexualisation and sexual exploitation of Indigenous women served/ serves to destabilize Indigenous political orders by removing women and two-spirit people from the realm of decision makers and leaders. Reduced to property through heterosexual marriage, removed from leadership by the imposition of patriarchal settler governance structures, pacified through the threat of violence, Indigenous women and two-spirit people are transformed into white possessions, much like the land itself. Toxic settler masculinities harm our bodies, and (as L. Simpson points out), target the reproductive potential of autonomous Indigenous nations. They target the existence of alternatives to heteropatriarchal white possession. Our intimacies are regulated. Our relations are a technology of control.
Meanwhile, the murderous violence of white men is excused and legitimized by the state, affirming settler control over indigenous land (as property) and Indigenous women (as property). As I prepared this piece, two landmark cases went to trial. In each, a white man was acquitted after killing an Indigenous person. I'm going to briefly describe the two cases, here. I focus on the toxic settler masculinity that permeates these decisions, and not on the spectacle of Indigenous suffering they caused. I focus on the violent men. I'm going to hold the names of the Indigenous victims until the end of this article, because I believe they deserve to be held apart from anecdote and the analysis of their killers.
Toxic settler masculinity 1: white men and defense of property
On August 9, 2016, Gerald Stanley shot and killed a young Cree man. The young man was sitting in a car that his friends had driven onto Gerald Stanley's farm in rural Saskatchewan. The driver and other passengers had exited the car. Stanley claims they were attempting to steal his property. He approached the car with a handgun, fired several shots in the air, and then shot the young man in the head at point-blank range. He claimed the gun misfired—forensics experts found no evidence of this. When the young man's girlfriend, distraught, ran up to Gerald Stanley's wife asking why he had killed her boyfriend, she replied "that's what you get for trespassing." The public debate following the murder exposed a widespread sentiment among white settlers in Saskatchewan that Stanley was justified in the murder of an Indigenous man in order to protect his property/ because the man was "trespassing." It is worth noting that this "trespassing" happened on Treaty 6 Cree territory, territory that can only be considered "private" after the signing of Treaty 6 under conditions of forced starvation, the confining of Indigenous peoples to reservations, and the sale of Indian land to pioneers. Stanley continues the pioneer mentality by protecting his "property" against the perceived threat of Indigenous attack. On February 9, an all-white jury acquitted Gerald Stanley of all charges. There will be no appeal. He murdered an Indigenous man to protect property stolen from Indigenous people, and the courts found him not guilty. He walked.
Toxic settler masculinity 2: white men and sexual violence
On August 17, 2014, police pulled the body of a 15 year-old Indigenous girl from Winnipeg's Red River. She had been wrapped in a duvet and weighed down with rocks. Raymond Cormier was charged with second-degree murder. In secretly recorded conversations, he admitted to wanting sexual relations with the teen. He admitted that she was killed because he "drew the line," because he "found out she was 15 years old." There was no forensic evidence or eyewitness testimony linking him to her death. On February 22, a jury found him not-guilty. He walked.
It is hard to convey the fury and grief that these two cases have caused north of the colonial border. The toxic settler masculinity has so fully permeated the Canadian legal system that it was legal for Gerald Stanley to shoot and kill an Indigenous man for trespassing, and the sexual abuse and murder of an Indigenous girl in Winnipeg is apparently nobody's fault. Here, the violence of Indigenous death is recast as toxicity. It is removed from agency or intention.
Toxicity refers to the capacity of a substance to harm or debilitate or kill an organism. Another word for toxicity is "genocide" but this is not how the state likes to talk about toxicity, perhaps because "genocide" has perpetrators.
We can trace this violence back through the flight path of the arrow, to the archer. The poison on the arrow is a toxic settler masculinity that sees Indigenous land and Indigenous bodies as property. That sees white men as the natural owners, that deems them not-guilty for regrettable Indigenous death. That continues to push the frontier into Indigenous land and Indigenous bodies through extractive industry and the chemical toxicities that follow. Processing and removing these toxicities is work that often falls to Indigenous women. Our physical, mental, and emotional health strain with the labour of removing these toxins from our Indigenous communities. They manifest in violence against us. Indigenous women are the heart of our movements; they are also the liver. (more on the gendered work of *processing* to come in a later post)
I want to end by honouring the lives of Colten Boushie and Tina Fontaine, young Indigenous peoples loved by friends and family. I want to hold up their families, who have not and will not find justice in this toxic settler colonial system, who deserve better than what this system can offer to Indigenous peoples. We will continue to fight against this violence, and to build alternatives. We owe it to you, and to all the young Indigenous people who deserve a future on their sovereign territories, a future free from chemical toxicity and sexual violence and colonial disease. A future free.
he shot colten
for trespassing
the jury says
not guilty


text:
Hospice workers have schedules that keep them on their feet for most of the day. Often staff members barely have time to grab a cup of coffee or a sandwich and even less time to attend to paperwork. Reasons include the necessity to care for patients' physical, medical and psychological needs. Administrative tasks often take second place, but this becomes a serious problem when supplies aren't ordered or patient records are not properly updated since, ultimately, it's the patient who may suffer.
Fortunately, there are now mobile solutions available that simplify the chore of updating patient records and ordering essential supplies while enhancing hospice staff efficiency.The Balancing Act
Hospice providers operate by balancing the requirements of their patients with the responsibilities of administrative duties. Constant choices have to be made between the amount of time allocated to each patient, the needs of the other patients and the completion of administrative tasks that cannot be neglected:
- Patients' needs: These include their medical needs and necessities such as comfort, cleanliness, and healthy nutrition as well as their emotional health and wellbeing.
- Administrative tasks: Hospice caregivers are obliged to ensure medical records are correct and up to date with respect to treatment and medical supplies provided, as well as arranging to replenish used supplies.
- Clinicians: Hospice clinicians form relationships with patients, and as such are involved in the process of their passing. Apart from caring for the needs of their patients (and the patient's family), clinicians must also deal with the personal stress brought about by their work, and have adequate rest to avoid burnout.
While there are no cures for dealing with stress and burnout, the adoption of solutions to alleviate and streamline routine administrative functions are an important factor for ensuring that clinicians are motivated, fresh and able to perform their tasks efficiently.Tapping into Mobile Technology
According to a study published in The Permanente Journal, which evaluated how medical nurses spent their time, it was established that 35 percent of nursing practice work time was spent on documentation and administration.
The introduction of mobile technology offers a solution to reducing time lost on administrative tasks such as:
- Updating patient records
- Record keeping
- Mobile ordering
Mobile ordering systems are faster than paper-based systems while making the recorded information legible and easily shared. Additionally, records don't get lost. A good example of these types of solutions is uCommand® from Concordance Healthcare Solutions. This is a web-based supply chain management solution that provides:
- Electronic order placing
- Barcode tracking
- Interfaces with electronic medical records (EMR's)
- Mobile access
- Adding and amending patients' records
- Direct interface with multiple vendors
- Management approval processes
- Flexible and ad hoc reporting
To discover how uCommand® can help improve your staff's efficiencies, contact us for more information.


How To Decide which Tense to Use
Video Overview
In English, there are a number of tenses that share some uses or can be interchangeable in most circumstances. In this video, we explain when to use these tenses so you can remember the rules easily.
Video Analysis
The tenses that share some uses are:
 1. Present Continuous and Present Simple
You could say 'I work with John', or 'I am working with John'.
The first sentence is in the present simple. The second sentence is in the present continuous. The only slight difference is that by using the Present Continuous we might understand that you intend to stop working with John at some point in the future.
2. Present Simple and Future Continuous
In the present continuous you can say 'She arrives tomorrow' in the present simple or 'She will arrive tomorrow' in the Future Continuous. Both sentences indicate that we expect the woman to arrive in the future.
3. Present Continuous and Future Simple
I am studying on Friday. (On Friday I will begin the action of studying and expect to continue for a time)
I will study on Friday. (I plan to study on Friday)
When we add a specific time to the Present Continuous we can use it to talk about events that are expected to happen in the future. In this way, it can be applied in the same way as the Future Simple.
4. Present Simple and Future Simple
The train leaves at 7. (usually, every day)
The train will leave at 7. (The train is expected to leave at 7)
There is very little difference in the meaning between these two sentences. We can use the Present Simple or the Future Simple to talk about actions that will take place after now.
Watch our video on 'Tenses with Adopted Structure' for more information.
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text:
Faculty of Education, Science, Technology & Mathematics, University of Canberra ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia. _EMAIL_
Advanced data mining techniques such as decision trees have been successfully used to predict a variety of outcomes in complex medical environments. Furthermore, previous research has shown that combining the results of a set of individually trained trees into an ensemble-based classifier can improve overall classification accuracy. This paper investigates the effect of data pre-processing, the use of ensembles constructed by bagging, and a simple majority vote to combine classification predictions from routine pathology laboratory data, particularly to overcome a large imbalance of negative Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cases versus HBV or HCV immunoassay positive cases. These methods were illustrated using a never before analysed data set from ACT Pathology (Canberra, Australia) relating to HBV and HCV patients.
It was easier to predict immunoassay positive cases than negative cases of HBV or HCV. While applying an ensemble-based approach rather than a single classifier had a small positive effect on the accuracy rate, this also varied depending on the virus under analysis. Finally, scaling data before prediction also has a small positive effect on the accuracy rate for this dataset. A graphical analysis of the distribution of accuracy rates across ensembles supports these findings.
Laboratories looking to include machine learning as part of their decision support processes need to be aware that the infection outcome, the machine learning method used and the virus type interact to affect the enhanced laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis virus infection, as determined by primary immunoassay data in concert with multiple routine pathology laboratory variables. This awareness will lead to the informed use of existing machine learning methods, thus improving the quality of laboratory diagnosis via informatics analyses.


text:
USGS Body-Wave Moment Tensor Solution
13/03/26 13:04:48.30 Epicenter: 16.212 -98.136 MW 5.4 USGS MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTION Depth 12 No. of sta: 14 Moment Tensor; Scale 10**17 Nm Mrr= 1.18 Mtt=-0.72 Mpp=-0.46 Mrt= 0.22 Mrp=-0.75 Mtp= 0.72 Principal axes: T Val= 1.47 Plg=68 Azm= 94 N 0.02 16 318 P -1.49 14 224 Best Double Couple:Mo=1.5*10**17 NP1:Strike=292 Dip=34 Slip= 60 NP2: 147 61 109
The figure above shows a visual representation of the style of faulting (focal mechanism) derived from the estimated moment tensor. Shaded areas show quadrants of the focal sphere in which the P-wave first-motions are away from the source, and unshaded areas show quadrants in which the P-wave first-motions are toward the source. The dots represent the axis of maximum compressional strain (in black, called the "P-axis") and the axis of maximum extensional strain (in white, called the "T-axis") resulting from the earthquake.


Equine Test (Basic)
Quiz Image
Welcome to a (rather) basic equine test! Whether you came to test your knowledge, learn something new or just...you know, be bored, and procrastinate *cough* then welcome!
This quiz will (hopefully) educate you on things you may learn/already know! Here you'll learn some fairly basic things, such as what to do for colic, and how you tack up. Thanks! :)
Created by: EquineFreak
 1. The correct diagonal while trotting is...
 2. In what order do you tack up?
 3. What do you always do before you get on?
 4. Which of these is not a bone?
 5. What should you do if a horse is bolting with you on its back?
 6. What should you do if a horse has colic/shows signs of it?
 7. A white horse isn't called white. It's called grey.
 8. A horse's gestation period is...
 9. When a mare is 'in heat', it is...
 10. Final question.Yay?
Rate and Share this quiz on the next page!


text:
The soldermask needs to be adjusted to compensate for possible misalignments of the soldermask. We use an automated system to detect whether a soldermask opening has already been adjusted or not.
Every process has imprecisions to a certain degree, this also applies to the soldermask of PCBs. A misalignment of the soldermask might cover up parts of a pad, resulting in less space to mount a component. A soldermask opening around a Pad compensates for some misregistration. The opening is typically 20~125µm larger per side than the copper pad, the value depends on the component. Reputable component manufacturers will often provide an example landpattern with a recommended soldermask opening.
Some designs may not have adjusted soldermask openings, to provide an optimal PCB we use an automated system to adjust the opening. In this paragraph, we explain how the system works and what its capabilities are.
Our System assumes that optimized soldermask openings are larger than the copper pad. Square, Rectangular and Round openings can be optimized, irregular shapes will be left as is.
When a design is uploaded, our system will create a test opening/area which is 10 µm smaller than the soldermask openings in the design. The system will now create test points along the outline of the test opening/area and probe if the test shape touches copper. If all test points touch copper, we assume the opening was not optimized. We will then enlarge the original opening by 20µm.
If some points do not touch copper, we assume the soldermask opening was already adjusted.
Gerber files do not contain any information about pads, so we can only detect whether copper is present or not. This means that the automatic system cannot correctly detect Pads placed in copper fills, as a result, they will not be adjusted. We do not categorize this as problematic, as small pads where a soldermask misalignment might be suboptimal are typically not connected to copper planes.


text: Hello, I'm doing an MSc project concerned with the treatment of plastic polymers with an μ-APPJ. I have been getting a tonne of results on different plastics using an APPJ of He carrier gas with an Oxygen admixture of 1/2, 1 & 2%. However, in my analysis I'm unsure of what the dispersive component of the surface energy is and why it more or less stays the same. Can someone give me a definition of what it is? I think its to do with van der waals but nothing on the net is giving me a good answer. Is it supposed to stay the same irrespective of whether the material has been heated up or its polar component increases? How would I interpretate my data on the surface energies for example: For convention, -5mins to 0mins is the 5minutes of plasma treatment. I'm not measuring the plastic during this time, hence the constant values and the discontinuity when I first measure it after treatment. This is one of my preliminary results with Acetate plastic. Treated 1 run with He gas, 2nd run with He + O2. The legend will tell you. The dispersive components stay relatively the same, why?


Version 19 (modified by kirsten, 7 years ago) (diff)
The solution is to distinguish call demands from product demands. Consider again:
let f = \ x. \ y.... in
 ...(f 1 2)...(f 3 4)...
The demands placed on f by the first and second call get bothed together to yield SM(SM(T)). But this is incorrect. Consider:
let f = \ x. \ y....
 frob = f 1 in
 ...(f 1 2)...(frob 2)...(frob 3)...
Here, the demands placed on f by the body of frob and by the call to f in the let-body get bothed together: S1(T) & S1(S1(T)) = SM(SM(T)). Note that this is the same as the demand placed on f above, yet we want to distinguish between the two situations, because in the first example, the inner lambda in f's rhs is only called once.
The solution is to treat call demands and product demands differently, and to define the both function for call demands to have the same behavior as lub. Then in the first example, f has demand SM(S1(T)) placed on it, and in the second, SM(T). This is what we want; now, if f has demand D(D(T) placed on it, that implies f is always called with two arguments.
Why does this make sense? Consider what it means if we see an example like:
let baz = lazyF p in
 case p of
 (a,b) -> strictF a b
(where lazyF is lazy in p, and strictF is strict in a and b). p is used both with demand L (in the call to lazyF and with demand S(SS) (in the call to strictF). This means it's perfectly same to strictly evaluate p, so when we both together the two demands, we should get S(SS). On the other hand, if a function is called once with one argument and once with two, we don't want to treat it as a function that's always called with two arguments; we're only interested in functions that are always called with n arguments for a given n. Hence, both should behave the same way as lub for call demands.
The following code inserts extra fields into closures when ticky is enabled (and so had to be commented out):
staticTickyHdr :: [CmmLit]
-- The ticky header words in a static closure
staticTickyHdr =
 | not opt_DoTickyProfiling = []
 | otherwise = [zeroCLit]
in compiler/codeGen/CgTicky.hs.
Other relevant functions: emitTickyCounter in compiler/codeGen/CgTicky.hs (called by closureCodeBody in compiler/codeGen/CgClosure.lhs).
Argh! I spent days tracking down this bug: idInfoLabelType in compiler/cmm/CLabel.hs needs to return DataLabel for labels of type RednCount (i.e., labels for ticky counters.) By default, it was returning CodeLabel, which caused the ticky counter labels to get declared with the wrong type in the generated C, which caused C compiler errors.
Declarations for ticky counters
emitTickyCounter spits out C declarations that look like this:
static char c16O_str[] = "main:Main.$wrepeated{v r4}";
static char c16Q_str[] = "i";
StgWord Main_zdwrepeated_ct[] = {
0x0, 0x1U, 0x1U, 0x0, (W_)&c16O_str, (W_)&c16Q_str, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0
Here, Main_zdwrepeated_ct is actually an StgEntCounter (this type is declared in includes/StgTicky.h). The counters get used by printRegisteredCounterInfo in rts/Ticky.c, which prints out the ticky reports. The counter fields are accessed using offsets defined in includes/GHCConstants.h (oFFSET_StgEntCounter_*), which in turn get generated from includes/mkDerivedConstants.c (change it and then run make in includes/.
Note that the first 3 fields of the counters are 16-bit ints and so the generated ticky-counter registration code has to reflect that (I fixed a bug where the first field was getting treated as a 32-bit int.) I modified the StgEntCounter type so that all fields are StgWords, because it seems that the code generator can't cope with anything else anyway (i.e., in the declaration above, Main_zdwrepeated_ct[] is an array of StgWords, even though the C type declaration implies that some fields are halfwords.)
In emitBlackHoleCode in compiler/codeGen/CgClosure.lhs, "eager blackholing" was getting employed in the case where ticky was turned on; this was causing programs to <> when they wouldn't with ticky disabled, so I turned that off.
Strictness and let-floating
We run into the following problem in the transform nofib benchmark: suppose we have:
f x =
 let foo = stuff in
 foo + x
where stuff doesn't depend on x. Demand analysis says that foo has a strict demand placed on it. Later, foo gets floated to the top level because it doesn't depend on x (in reality it's more complicated because in this case foo probably would have gotten floated out before demand analysis, but bear with me). foo still has a strict demand signature, which a top-level binding isn't allowed to have. Currently this manifests itself as an assertion failure in compiler/simplCore/SimplEnv.lhs.
There are two possible easy solutions: don't float out bindings for strict things, or "both" the demand for a binder with Lazy when its binding gets floated out. The question is, is it better to do the let-floating and lose the strictness into or to evaluate something strictly but lose sharing?
When we run into an expression like (Cast e co) that we're placing demand d on, we analyze e to get dmd_ty, then check whether the depth of e is equal to the depth of dmd_ty or not. This is necessary because we might be casting a function to a non-function type. So, if d and dmd_ty have equal depth, we return dmd_ty as is; if d's arity is less, we drop the appropriate number of args from dmd_ty; if dmd_ty's arity is less, we add the appropriate number of dummy argument demands to it.
WARN: arity /= dmdTypeDepth rhs_dmd_ty && not (exprIsTrivial rhs)
This warning can happen for (at least) two reasons:
 - lambdas with a strict non-call demand placed on them were being handled wrong (see the first two examples in [Commentary/Compiler/StrictnessAnalysis/Examples])
 - coercions were being handled wrong, resulting in a demand type with depth 0 being assigned to an rhs consisting of a cast from/to a function type


text:
Since partnering with the Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative in 2013, four California counties—Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz—have used evidence-based policymaking to meet the challenges of the state's landmark criminal justice reform effort, the Public Safety Realignment Act (commonly known as Realignment). The law, passed in 2011, has altered the landscape of the state's criminal justice system, transferring responsibility for more than 60,000 offenders to California's 58 counties and requiring county governments to develop facilities, policies, and programs to serve this population. Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz counties are using rigorous evidence to assess their current strategies and guide funding and policy decisions that will reduce recidivism, with assistance from Results First.
This report documents the progress of these four counties, which are on the cutting edge of a nationwide movement to make data-driven decisions. Over the past two years, each county has made advancements in addressing the challenges posed by Realignment by using the Results First approach to:
- Direct resources toward cost-effective programs shown to work.
- Inform the planning and development of new programs.
- Restructure contracting and grant processes to prioritize evidence-based programs.
- Ensure that programs are delivered with fidelity to practices most likely to produce results.
Download the full issue brief.
Results First: A Model for Cost-Effective Policy Choices
The Results First Initiative, a project of The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, works with states and localities to develop the tools that policymakers need to identify and invest in effective programs that yield high returns on investment. Using innovative methods that can be customized, Results First partners learn to:
- Create an inventory of currently funded programs.
- Review which programs work.
- Conduct benefit-cost analysis to compare programs' likely return on investment.
- Use evidence to inform spending and policy decisions.
These efforts have helped leaders improve public outcomes, reduce costs, and increase accountability by ensuring that resources go to effective, cost-beneficial approaches.


text:
Volume 8, Issue 1 (2022)
The Spring 2022 issue of the Journal of Educational Leadership in Action (ELA) is now available. This focused issue of ELA centers on leadership during a pandemic and the allocation of resources. The issue provides research and perspectives on supporting the mental health needs of Latina/o students during the COVID pandemic, the pandemic's impact on principal self-efficacy, and the role of school principals' practices with resource allocation. We welcome and value your readership and encourage you to submit for future publication(s).
- Editor, Robyne Elder, EdD
Leadership Matters: Supporting the Mental Health Needs of Black and Latina/o Students in a Post COVID-19 World
Larry Walker, Michelle Sullivan, and Nicola Stewart-Walker


artificialrobot / tags / atxplained
Tagged with "atxplained" (5)
 1. Austin's Population Is Booming. Why Is Its African American Population Shrinking?
 Last month KUT asked our audience to suggest stories they wanted us to report on. The story that listeners chose is about Austin's African American population. Specifically, why is it shrinking, while every other group in the city grows? In the first installment of a project we're calling ATXplained, KUT's Mose Buchele reports.
 —Huffduffed by artificialrobot


text:
A novel two-step method for cross language representation learning
Cross language text classification is an important learning task in natural language processing. A critical challenge of cross language learning arises from the fact that words of different languages are in disjoint feature spaces. In this paper, we propose a two-step representation learning method to bridge the feature spaces of different languages by exploiting a set of parallel bilingual documents. Specifically, we first formulate a matrix completion problem to produce a complete parallel document-term matrix for all documents in two languages, and then induce a low dimensional cross-lingual document representation by applying latent semantic indexing on the obtained matrix. We use a projected gradient descent algorithm to solve the formulated matrix completion problem with convergence guarantees. The proposed method is evaluated by conducting a set of experiments with cross language sentiment classification tasks on Amazon product reviews. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning method outperforms a number of other cross language representation learning methods, especially when the number of parallel bilingual documents is small.
|Conference||27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2013|
Xiao, M. (Min), & Guo, Y. (2013). A novel two-step method for cross language representation learning. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.


text:
The low-resolution images produced by infrared systems can make it difficult for night-vision users to estimate distances or identify far objects. "Resolution enhancement" attempts to address these problems by converting several low-quality images into a single, higher-quality version. Unfortunately, conventional methods of reconstructing these low-quality images are computationally intense, making them too expensive or too slow for real-time, affordable use.
Researchers in ECE's Computer Vision Laboratory have developed a new resolution enhancement technique based on super-resolution reconstruction (SRR). The new method is fast and memory efficient, providing performance comparable to previous techniques but with dramatically reduced computation requirements, according to Ph.D. student Jae Cha and his advisor, Lynn Abbott.
Their closed-form, one-pass method is much faster than existing iterative approaches. In several experiments, they demonstrated a 10-fold speed-up in computation time. The speed, combined with low memory requirements, make this method suitable for use in a low-cost distance-estimation system for infrared applications.


Experienced. Resourceful. Effective.
When should I consider getting a financial power of attorney?
Some aspects of your life seem so simple and routine that you cannot imagine the inability to do them. Tasks such as paying your bills and managing your mail are typically not things you worry about delegating.
Life is unpredictable, and its unpredictability can leave you feeling powerless when it comes to performing everyday tasks. A financial power of attorney can ensure that certain tasks are completed when you cannot accomplish them yourself.
Here are some of the ways a financial power of attorney may be able to help you.
Quarantine is covered
Isolation and unanticipated quarantine can present many challenges as we have recently learned. Whether you are in the hospital battling an unexpected illness or avoiding those who could make you sick, self-quarantine and isolation can make performing your regular financial tasks much more difficult.
When you grant someone the financial power of attorney, you give them the ability to manage your financial affairs on your behalf. The person with the financial power of attorney can help you pay bills, move assets, and take care of routine financial tasks.
Choose someone you trust
Appointing a financial power of attorney can be beneficial, but there is also a significant amount of responsibility that comes with that responsibility. If you choose the wrong person to manage your finances, you could find yourself with more serious problems than those you were trying to resolve or avoid.
Before you decide on a specific person as your power of attorney for financial matters, talk to them about the responsibilities they would be expected to assume, and the conditions under which they would have financial authority. The person you choose should be prepared to follow your directions and understand your financial intentions, and to act on your behalf as you would in the same circumstance.
FindLaw Network


Qt Reference Documentation
QML Repeater Element
The Repeater element allows you to repeat an Item-based component using a model. More...
Inherits Item
 - List of all members, including inherited members
 - Properties
 Detailed Description
 The Repeater element is used to create a large number of similar items. Like other view elements, a Repeater has a model and a delegate: for each entry in the model, the delegate is instantiated in a context seeded with data from the model. A Repeater item is usually enclosed in a positioner element such as Row or Column to visually position the multiple delegate items created by the Repeater.
 import Qt 4.7
 Row {
 Repeater {
 model: 3
 Rectangle {
 width: 100; height: 40
 border.width: 1
 color: "yellow"
 The model of a Repeater can be any of the supported Data Models.
 Row {
 Repeater {
 model: 10
 The index and modelData properties
 The index of a delegate is exposed as an accessible index property in the delegate. Properties of the model are also available depending upon the type of Data Model.
 Here is a Repeater that uses the index property inside the instantiated items:
 Column {
 Repeater {
 model: 10
 Text { text: "I'm item " + index }
 Here is another Repeater that uses the modelData property to reference the data for a particular index:
 Column {
 Repeater {
 Text { text: "Data: " + modelData }
 Considerations when using Repeater
 The Repeater element creates all of its delegate items when the repeater is first created. This can be inefficient if there are a large number of delegate items and not all of the items are required to be visible at the same time. If this is the case, consider using other view elements like ListView (which only creates delegate items when they are scrolled into view) or use the Dynamic Object Creation methods to create items as they are required.
 Item {
 //XXX does not work! Can't repeat QtObject as it doesn't derive from Item.
 Repeater {
 model: 10
 QtObject {}
 Property Documentation
 read-onlycount : int
 This property holds the number of items in the repeater.
 defaultdelegate : Component
 The delegate provides a template defining each item instantiated by the repeater. The index is exposed as an accessible index property. Properties of the model are also available depending upon the type of Data Model.
 model : any
 The model providing data for the repeater.
 This property can be set to any of the following:
 - A number that indicates the number of delegates to be created
 - A string list
 - An object list
 In each case, the data element and the index is exposed to each instantiated component. The index is always exposed as an accessible index property. In the case of an object or string list, the data element (of type string or object) is available as the modelData property. In the case of a Qt model, all roles are available as named properties just like in the view classes.
 As a special case the model can also be merely a number. In this case it will create that many instances of the component. They will also be assigned an index based on the order they are created.
 Models can also be created directly in QML, using a ListModel or XmlListModel.
 See also Data Models.
 Thank you for giving your feedback.


LINGUIST List 6.1098
Mon Aug 14 1995
Sum: 'because' vs'since/as'
Editor for this issue: T. Daniel Seely <>
 1., Sum: 'because' versus'since/as' (6.1043)
Message 1: Sum: 'because' versus'since/as' (6.1043)
Date: Mon, 14 Aug 1995 09:22:15 Sum: 'because' versus'since/as' (6.1043)
From: <>
Subject: Sum: 'because' versus'since/as' (6.1043)
I would like to thank the following persons very much for their
judgements, comments and various hints concerning my query: Marie
Egan, Duncan MacGregor, Richard Ingham, James Kirchner, Kevin
Lemoine, David Powers, Karen Ward, Yael Ziv and especially Karen
Stanley, who took a poll about my claims among her colleagues (a
big thank-you to them too).
>From the mail I have received by now, the following picture emerges:
Including the people interviewed by K. Stanley, 7 do not agree with
my distinction and 5 do agree more or less.
Some informants suggest other distinctions between the conjunctions:
For one,'since' and 'as' are more formal than 'because' (a view
which is also presented in some dictionaries and grammars), for
another, 'as' is more formal than 'because' but'since' is "only
suitable for informal conversation but nor for writing". The latter
judgement seems to be in conformity with a prescriptivist view
according to which'since' as a causal conjunction is not to be used
at all. (I want to note that I have identified 209 (=13%) causal
since-clauses among 1576 causal as-, because-, forand
since-clauses in the machine readable British-English LOB-Corpus
(written texts from 1961). Most of these since-clauses are to be
found in the category called 'Learned and scientific writing'.)
Another informant, for whom my example sentence (1) is essentially
synonymous with either conjunction, has the impression that the
speaker of (1) using 'because' "feels John's admission more
noteworthy, or more important to the narrative, than he or she would
if'since' or 'as' were used." Into the same direction, I assume,
goes another judgement according to which 'because' is "stronger and
more explicit and more exceptional." (I have found a similar view in
the literature and have interpreted it as a consequence of my
differentiation: Entailment on the basis of a rule or norm is
intrinsically less noteworthy, less exceptional than'real'
Some people have pointed out the relevance of the position of the
causal clause. As a tendency, my rule/norm interpretation is
considered to be more in accordance with the causal clause (be it
'since/as' or 'because') preceding its main/matrix clause. However,
one informant feels "more comfortable with since clauses preceding,
and because clauses following, the main clause." (This impression is
somehow in conformity with the statistical situation in the above
mentioned LOB-Corpus: Only about 9% of the because-clauses are
preposed, whereas 41% of the since-clauses and 43% of the as-clauses
are preposed there.)
One informant pointed out constraints which may affect the
acceptability of'since' as a causal conjunction: "'since' seems to
have a much more limited application. For me there is a
tense/aspect/??? constraint between the clauses (consistent with the
temporal meaning it also has??), otherwise it sounds forced or
stilted. I don't really like your sentence (1) with'since'.
Reversing the clauses makes it more acceptable to me, as does
changing 'was' to 'is' (strange!). Conversely, changing 'has been' to
'was' makes the'since' version even less acceptable to me."
(Probably, the last point in this quotation is caused by the fact
that replacement of 'was' by 'has been' makes the sentence
grammatically acceptable with a temporal interpretation of the
Do I have to conclude from the 'empirical' outcome of my query that
my differentiation is not tenable? For various reasons (which I hope
to develop convincingly in a doctoral dissertation to be submitted
soon), I do not think so. Are there, perhaps, some more people 'out
there' who agree with my claims, but who refrain from simply stating
'I agree'? Of course, this would not make my query statistically more
valid, but it would suggest that there is some plausibility to my
non-empirical reasons.
Carsten Breul


text:
This mini-series is about using Power Platform to help streamline healthcare providers' work and increase patient safety.
Part 2 of this mini-series covered using Power Automate to extract lab result values from a response object and used them to check which entity conditions are true and send them to the Power App. Part 1 covered how to set up your database – creating entity tables.
In this section, you will be using Power Apps to build out this app's front end. You will create a dialog box pop up for the user to enter patient information, which will trigger the Power Automate flow. Once the flow has completed its run, it will return the patients' lab work results. The Power App will then display the results and display a dynamic checklist of directions for the healthcare provider.
You can find links to previous parts below:
- Applying Power Platform to the Healthcare Industry – Part 1: Setting Up Entities in Microsoft Dataverse
- Applying Power Platform to the Healthcare Industry – Part 2: Using Power Automate to create back-end logic.
Setting up the dialog box:
- Insert rectangle to cover the whole screen
- Change the color > transparency property to slight transparency so you can see what is under the rectangle.
- Insert another rectangle but smaller and centered. This will be the actual dialog pop-up.
- Set color> transparency property to opaque
- Insert a text box, a text input, and a button
- In this example, the text property on the button is set to "Submit."
- Make sure to set the default text property on the Text Input.
It should look something like the screenshot below.
To have all the dialog box elements appear and function as one, you will need to select all the elements from the Tree View panel and group them together. Once you do this, you can control the entire "Dialog Box" element as one. This is an alternative to using Components since you won't be reusing the dialog box in this example.
Next, you will want to set the visible property for your new group to your choosing variable.
- You will get an error because the variable has not been defined yet. To fix this, click on the App icon in the Tree view and in the formula bar for OnStart.
Note: You will make the dialog box conditionally visible later in this section
Call the flow on Dialog Submit and Pass in User Input:
Now that you have a dialog box, you want to take in user data and submit it to the flow.
- First, you will connect the power automate to our Power App.
- You need to go to your power automate and initialize a variable. This will let the Power App know you need parameters in your Flow.Run() call
- Set its value to "Ask in Power App" from the Dynamic Content Pop up
- You can initialize as many variables as you need. This will let Power App know how many parameters to require.
- Next, in your Power App go to Action > Power Automate.
- Find your flow from the list of existing flows and select it.
- Fill in the parameter with the dialog box's text input.
When you click the submit button, this will trigger the flow, and the inputted text will be passed into the Power Automate flow and stored as the variable you initialized.
Personalize Your Healthcare Marketing: Crawl, Walk, Run, Fly
Strategize, execute, and grow a personalization strategy that meets healthcare consumers where they are and drives better health outcomes.
Get the Guide
Note: In this example, you are getting input as a string. If you need to process this value as a float or integer in the Power Automate, please refer to Part 2, which covers this in detail: Applying Power Platform to the Healthcare Industry – Part 2: Using Power Automate to create back end logic.
- If you want your dialog box to disappear after clicking submit, make sure you set your DialogBox_Visible Boolean variable to false after running the flow in the buttons OnSelect property.
Displaying the Data from Power Automate:
Now that you are triggering the flow, this section will show you how to display the lab results from Power Automate inside the PowerApp and process the condition set values to show the correct directions in a checklist.
- To easily work with the values returned from the power automate, you should set what is returned by the Flow.Run() function in a variable. This way, you can easily access each returned variable
- Next, you want to set up our Power App to display values from the Power automate. In this example, the values returned from the Power Automate are stored in the variable called FlowValues. You simply need to use dot-notation to access the variables outputted by the Power Automate.
Create a dynamic checklist of directions to display conditional directions from Power Automate:
Now you want to display the correct set of directions, depending on values returned from the flow. You will do this by using Power App's local collections and the built-in Collect() functions.
Inside the submit buttons OnSelect property, after the flow.Run() call you will be processing the results returned from the flow, aka the FlowValues.condition values.
- Split the comma-separated values and delimit them by the comma
- ClearCollect into your first collection, let's call it collection1
- Loop through collection1 and filter all the Direction Entity where 'Condition ID.'Value = Result and store the Direction value in a new Collection (let's call it collection2)
Now that you have the data from the power automate processed let's understand what exactly happened.
Run the app and submit a patient's name. Then go to File > Collections to see what was stored in our new collections:
- In Collection1, you can see two values were returned from the flow 01 and 09. These correspond to high calcium and high Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) values.
- In Collection 2, you can see that there are tables stored in the value columns. This is because, in collection2, you iterated through each item in collection1 and filtered the Directions entity for each value where the Condition ID column value equals the current item being iterated on from Collection1. The filter function returns a table.
- Drill down into the first item in Collection2. You can see that this table contains two items, the Directions values where Direction.ConditionID = 01 (aka high calcium). In our entity, 2 such rows satisfy this condition, so you have these two values.
- In the second table in Collection2, you can see similarly where Direction.ConditionID = 09 aka high Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- In the last Collect, you extracted the Values from Collection2 and stored them in another Collection called FinalDirections so you can easily access these directions in the next step.
In this final section, you will display the dynamically built list of directions stored in the collection (in this example, FinalDirections) in a checklist.
- First, insert a blank vertical gallery object with FinalDirections as the data source.
- Add Checkboxes inside the gallery with ThisItem.Direction as the text property
- It should look something like the screenshot below (where each item in FinalDirections has its own checkbox)
There you have it! You've built a Power App that displays various healthcare values and a dynamic checklist of directions based on inputted values using entities and Power Automate.


text:
|Important||This document may not represent best practices for current development, links to downloads and other resources may no longer be valid. Current recommended version can be found here.|
Defines a class of device-context objects.
The CDC object provides member functions for working with a device context, such as a display or printer, as well as members for working with a display context associated with the client area of a window.
Do all drawing through the member functions of a CDC object. The class provides member functions for device-context operations, working with drawing tools, type-safe graphics device interface (GDI) object selection, and working with colors and palettes. It also provides member functions for getting and setting drawing attributes, mapping, working with the viewport, working with the window extent, converting coordinates, working with regions, clipping, drawing lines, and drawing simple shapes, ellipses, and polygons. Member functions are also provided for drawing text, working with fonts, using printer escapes, scrolling, and playing metafiles.
To use a CDC object, construct it, and then call its member functions that parallel Windows functions that use device contexts.
Under Windows 95/98, all screen coordinates are limited to 16 bits. Therefore, an int passed to a CDC member function must lie in the range –32768 to 32767.
For specific uses, the Microsoft Foundation Class Library provides several classes derived from CDC. CPaintDC encapsulates calls to BeginPaint and EndPaint. CClientDC manages a display context associated with a window's client area. CWindowDC manages a display context associated with an entire window, including its frame and controls. CMetaFileDC associates a device context with a metafile.
CDC provides two member functions, GetLayout and SetLayout, for reversing the layout of a device context, which does not inherit its layout from a window. Such right-to-left orientation is necessary for applications written for cultures, such as Arabic or Hebrew, where the character layout is not the European standard.
CDC contains two device contexts, m_hDC and m_hAttribDC, which, on creation of a CDC object, refer to the same device. CDC directs all output GDI calls to m_hDC and most attribute GDI calls to m_hAttribDC. (An example of an attribute call is GetTextColor, while SetTextColor is an output call.)
For example, the framework uses these two device contexts to implement a CMetaFileDC object that will send output to a metafile while reading attributes from a physical device. Print preview is implemented in the framework in a similar fashion. You can also use the two device contexts in a similar way in your application-specific code.
There are times when you may need text-metric information from both the m_hDC and m_hAttribDC device contexts. The following pairs of functions provide this capability:
|Uses m_hAttribDC||Uses m_hDC|
For more information on CDC, see Device Contexts.


text:
Definition of Green gland
1. Noun. One of a pair of glands (believed to have excretory functions) in some crustaceans near the base of the large antennae.
Green Gland Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Green Gland Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Green Gland
Literary usage of Green gland
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Report of the Annual Meeting (1880)
"This same green gland has been studied by Professor Huxley and Mr. Martin, who, in an elementary work on practical biology, describes it as a soft greenish..."
2. The Crayfish: An Introduction to the Study of Zoology by Thomas Henry Huxley (1880)
"... gg. green gland, exposed in A on the left side by the removal of its sac ; ima, intermaxillary or cephalic apodeme ; ces, oesophagus seen in transverse..."
3. The British Flower Garden: Containing Coloured Figures and Descriptions of...by Robert Sweet by Robert Sweet (1838)
"... on a sort of green gland ; filaments very short and slender : anthers linear, opening at the point for the exclusion of the yellow pollen...."
4. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology by Francis Jeffrey Bell (1885)
"This is the so-called " green gland" of the crayfish, where it presents the following characters. An orifice, large enough to admit a fairly stout bristle,..."
5. The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language by William Dwight Whitney (1889)
"Green-gland, a special excretory gland of the crawfish and other crustaceans,... The green-gland alone is distinctly similar to a renal excretory organ...."
6. The American Monthly Microscopical Journal by Chas. W. Smiley (1888)
"simplicity, though one sufficiently unlike the green-gland to require an en... The wall of the cavities, as in the green-gland, was found to shut out the..."
7. Bulletin of the Essex Institute by Essex Institute (1889)
"... must be derived from the ectoderm,unless the duct form long before the rest of the gland. Ishikawa's observations on the origin of the green gland of..."
8. The Microscope: An Illustrated Monthly Designed to Popularize the Subject of (1886)
"Did they describe the methods by which certainty was obtained, one could have more confidence in the results. The Green-gland of Crustacea...."


text:
September 10, 2009 | 3
The illegal trade of bushmeat—meat and products made from wildlife—has grown dramatically in the past several years, thanks to high demand, enormous profits, a lack of law enforcement and minimal sentencing for criminals caught trafficking in bushmeat. The worldwide market for these illegal products reached an estimated $5 billion to $8 billion in 2008.
One of the major challenges in combating the bushmeat trade is identifying the source species for the meat and products. Once an animal has been carved up, meat looks like meat and leather looks like leather. How is anyone to know if it came from a species that is protected under national or international law?
A technique called DNA bar coding could be the answer. According to a paper published in the September 1 online edition of the journal Conservation Genetics, DNA bar codes can be used to quickly and clearly distinguish the source species of meat or leather goods for many rare and threatened species.
How would it be employed? Rather than work up a complete genetic profile of organic matter, the authors used DNA bar coding to look at a short region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The DNA would then be identified in a lab at a low cost, since only the COX1 gene would need to be processed.
The researchers didn't actually examine any endangered species, but they did sequence the bar code region of 25 commonly traded mammals and reptiles, many of which are embargoed from international trade by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
"The species in our study are among the most commercially harvested species in South America and Africa," lead author Mitchell Eaton said in a prepared statement. "They are often partially prepared by the time they get to urban markets, which can make the species identification impossible." Eaton led the research as part of his doctoral research at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
The species examined came from South America and Africa, and included duikers, spiral-horned antelope, red river hogs, old world monkeys, alligators and crocodiles. The DNA sequences generated from this study will be added to the Barcode of Life Data Systems, an online, open-access database of bar codes.
Even though many of the samples they tested had degraded through the leather-making process or due to age, the researchers found they were still able to extract the COX1 sequence in most cases. In their paper, the authors conclude that with minimal effort and simple refinements to existing DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, "accurate bar code sequence data can be obtained from most wildlife products encountered in bushmeat monitoring programs and wildlife investigations."
"There is consensus on using the same fragment of DNA, COX1, to construct a library of life," said co-author George Amato, director of the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics at the American Museum of Natural History, in a prepared statement. "This is an example of where new genetic technology can be transformative to society, by using bar codes to catalog the diversity of ecosystems, to monitor invasive species, to search for pathogens in the food supply, and to observe wildlife trafficking for the pet trade and other commercial markets."
This isn't the first time that DNA has been used to help identify wildlife products seized from illegal traders. Last year, Samuel Wasser of the Center for Conservation Biology introduced a genetic method to trace the origin of poached ivory. Earlier this year, research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recommended a set of standards for the DNA bar coding of plants.
Image: leather products on display in a craft market in Brazzaville, Congo. (Credit: Mitchell Eaton)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


restrictions on the forms inside books
Major Section: BOOKS
Example Book:
; This book defines my app function and the theorem that it is
; associative. One irrelevant help lemma is proved first but
; it is local and so not seen by include-book. I depend on the
; inferior book "weird-list-primitives" from which I get
; definitions of hd and tl.
(in-package "MY-PKG")
(include-book "weird-list-primitives")
(defun app (x y) (if (consp x) (cons (hd x) (app (tl x) y)) y))
 (defthm help-lemma
 (implies (true-listp x) (equal (app x nil) x))))
(defthm app-is-associative
 (equal (app (app a b) c) (app a (app b c))))
The first form in a book must be (in-package "pkg") where "pkg" is some package name known to ACL2 whenever the book is certified. The rest of the forms in a book are embedded event forms, i.e., defuns, defthms, etc., some of which may be marked local. See embedded-event-form. The usual Common Lisp commenting conventions are provided. Note that since a book consists of embedded event forms, we can talk about the ''local'' and ''non-local'' events of a book.
Because in-package is not an embedded event form, the only in-package in a book is the initial one. Because defpkg is not an embedded event form, a book can never contain a defpkg form. Because include-book is an embedded event form, books may contain references to other books. This makes books structured objects.
When the forms in a book are read from the file, they are read with current-package set to the package named in the in-package form at the top of the file. The effect of this is that all symbols are interned in that package, except those whose packages are given explicitly with the ''::'' notation. For example, if a book begins with (in-package "ACL2-X") and then contains the form
 (defun fn (x)
 (acl2::list 'car x))
then defun, fn, x, and car are all interned in the "ACL2-X" package. I.e., it is as though the following form were read instead:
 (acl2-x::defun acl2-x::fn (acl2-x::x)
 (acl2::list 'acl2-x::car acl2-x::x)).
Of course, acl2-x::defun would be the same symbol as acl2::defun if the "ACL2-X" package imported acl2::defun.
If each book has its own unique package name and all the names defined within the book are in that package, then name clashes between books are completely avoided. This permits the construction of useful logical worlds by the successive inclusion of many books. Although it is often too much trouble to manage several packages, their judicious use is a way to minimize name clashes. Often, a better way is to use local; see local.
How does include-book know the definitions of the packages used in a book, since defpkgs cannot be among the forms? More generally, how do we know that the forms in a book will be admissible in the host logical world of an include-book? See certificate for answers to these questions.


text:
AffiliationUniversity of Bedfordshire
University of Porto
Water Resources - CSIR
University of Cape Town
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractIn this paper, authors discuss the current methods used for surface water monitoring and the gaps left in monitoring in context of a low resourced area. Water quality monitoring is a complex problem that can only be tackled through a systemic application of a transdisciplinary approach. This paper suggests use of a variety of innovative solutions adapted to the local conditions encouraging the prospect of sustainability. The approach relies on an emphasis on environmental and water quality for human life that will contribute to: 1) improved capacity building of local actors, including the role of women; 2) increased economic and social well-being at local and regional levels; and 3) protect natural capital in the region. This article reviews the state of water monitoring in low resourced area, example is taken here from Southern Arica and attempts to establish a sustainable water quality monitoring plan for application to cross-boundary water resources in the region. These are essential to diagnose and raise understanding on water quality problems in resources shared by countries with contrasting development levels. The innovative vision presented here proposes to resolve this multidimensional water quality problem by considering the broader system ranging from aquatic ecosystems providing this service to supply systems serving final consumers.
CitationAjmal T, Guimares L, Genthe B, Rivett U (2020) 'Can sustainable water monitoring be a reality?', 9th International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering (ICESE 2019) - Leuven, Institute of Physics Publishing.
PublisherInstitute of Physics Publishing
TypeConference papers, meetings and proceedings
The following license files are associated with this item:
- Creative Commons
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International


text:
In order to elucidate the overall relationships between gene expressions and genetic perturbations, we propose a network inference method to infer gene regulatory network where single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is involved as a regulator of genes. In the most of the network inferences named as SNP-gene regulatory network (SGRN) inference, pairs of SNP-gene are given by separately performing expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mappings. In this paper, we propose a SGRN inference method without predefined eQTL information assuming a gene is regulated by a single SNP at most. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was applied to random data generated from synthetic networks and parameters. There are three main contributions. First, the proposed method provides both the gene regulatory inference and the eQTL identification. Second, the experimental results demonstrated that integration of multiple methods can produce competitive performances. Lastly, the proposed method was also applied to psychiatric disorder data in order to explore how the method works with real data.
Kim, D.-C., Wang, J., Liu, C., & Gao, J. (2014). Inference of SNP-Gene Regulatory Networks by Integrating Gene Expressions and Genetic Perturbations. BioMed Research International, 2014, 629697. _URL_
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
BioMed Research International


your post presents it.
Intersecting geo isn't just for occasionally "cutting corners", it's how things should be handled except for specific cases such as huge planes having light leaks, and indirect lighting on tiled objects with no break-up geometry.
teaching isnt your forte
The post wasn't a problem, your comprehension was. Here let me break it down for you:
>You now have to consider the topology
>and also have to create a second set of UVs for lightmapping.
>If this scene were to be 100% perfect for baked lighting...
This explains how to achieve perfect lightmaps
>Practically, you can cut corners for smaller geometry.
After that was stated, this statement explains that perfect lightmapping is impractical and a situation where corners can be cut.
The next posts were just corrections of your mistakes about lighting, terrain, and props.
Maybe next time you can read slow, take a breather. If you find words too hard, look them up. Maybe your local college can offer you remedial classes?
you literally opened your post by saying intersecting geo was no longer a thing, and stressing static mesh creation had to be as detailed as organic, animated meshes. it doesn't matter that you made a little addendum, because what you said was as misleading as saying hitler killed a few people because you define "few" as anything more than 1.
why can't you just admit that your initial post was poorly worded, regardless of your point? it'd definitely make you appear more humble and intelligent than going "hurr durr no I was technically right all along"
he'll never concede that his wording is retarded because he's the "edgy" anon
You need proper UVs for lightmap.!st uvs are for texture, 2nd uv map is for lightmapping. Open that model in any 3d app, add second UV (just flattern) and make at least 3 pixels wide gaps between uv islands. So if your lightmap is 256x256 those need to be separated at least by 3/256. Else shadows may overlap.
Also if you know that one surface may be in shadow (like side of bed next to wall) put it on separate uv island, that way you can get sharp difference of light on that edge.
Last ting is: check smoothing groups on that model.
Unreal has really sucky lightmapping, or should i say it is great but very easy to mess things. And most models (even those on epic marketplace) are done by artists that never released things on unreal, so they are clueless about those quirks of unreal engine.
UE4 creates lightmaps automatically based on your 1st uv set.
Does it remap the UVs if they overlap? I haven't found a way to get it to do that, though I just run a pack on the second channel before exporting my mesh.
It basicly picks all of your uv islands from your first uv channel, and rearranges them so they don't overlap. That's all it does.
Make sure your second channel is empty when you export. (If you use 3ds max you can use the clear uvw modifier, dont know with other software). When you import in ue4 you can check the auto generate lightmap box.
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From Conservapedia
(Redirected from Tzar)
Jump to: navigation, search
For similar terms, please see Czar (disambiguation).
A tsar or (tzar or czar - царь) is an emperor or monarch of certain Slavic countries. In Russia, the original title was first adopted by Ivan IV in 1547 and was in use until the People's Revolution if 1918, when the people of Russia executed Nicholas II and his entire family. Russia adopted a system of pseudo communism as advocated by Lenin and Stalin. Currently, modern Russian and other Slavic languages use Tzar interchangeably with "king" or "monarch".
The word traces its roots back to the word "Ceasar" from the Roman Empire, the same roots that are used in the German word Kaiser, their term for emperor.
The term is also now used in America and the United Kingdom[1] to refer to bureaucrats in charge of carrying out some aspect of United States Government policy, such as the Drug Czar.
The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989
 1. As in this article from the Independent newspaper.


text:
Date of Paper
Type of Paper
Clinical research paper
The purpose of this study was to identify if there is an ongoing dilemma relating to the ethical core values of the current practice of clinical social work in America. The conceptual framework for this study is based on a qualitative paradigm consisting of a synthesis of existing research and the subjective data that was collected and analyzed for the purpose of this research study. This study reveals an ongoing polarized view of the perceived priorities of the ethical constructs of clinical social work as practiced in America over the last 40 years. This study reflects the need for clarification, as well as further research on the part of the National Association of Social Workers, as the NASW hopefully moves forward and provides a more comprehensive and clearly defined national policy regarding the current construct of the ethical model of clinical social work practice.
Ribel, Lawrence A., "Clinical Social Work Practice in America: Has it Maintained its Ethical Core?" (2012). Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers. 78.


HTML5 Zone is brought to you in partnership with:
Visualizing Pigments with D3.js
 - submit to reddit
"In the early 1900s, scientists found that a liquid or solid heated to high temperatures would give off a broad range of colours of light. However, a gas heated to similar temperatures would emit light only at certain specific colours (wavelengths). The reason for this observation was not understood at the time." [1]
I've wondered if this principle could extend to pigments in artistic works – while the process of generating light is different, various colors have gone in and out of fashion over time. Modern fabric dyes hold vivid, even lurid colors, whereas some pigments have fallen in popularity due to toxicity (lead, cadmium) or cheaper replacements, E.g. lapis lazuli as the basis for ultramarine blue in Renaissance painting. If you could identify the presence of specific pigments from a photograph, it might provide a crude filtering mechanism for images to help find images from a particular time period, locale, artist, or medium.
To test this theory, I built a small visualization using D3.js to test it out. To simplify the example here, I'm going to show only the RGB colorspace, so you can see how it works. Since this is the natural realm of HTML, it simplifies the code, but it's a terrible color space for looking at real works of art.
I used several images in testing, of stained glass and shibori (a Japanese version of tye-die, which often involves muted earth tones). Stained glass windows are difficult to photograph, and large patches of most images are over or under-exposed. Looking at histograms in the HSV colorspace (hue-saturation-value) shows this, the value and saturation filters show large spikes at either end.
For shibori, I had no such issues; the images have an added benefit, in that I know what dyes are used. After looking at histograms for a while, I remembered a key difference between these mediums: fabric dyeing is mostly additive process, with the amount of color determined by how long the fabric soaks. Stained glass (and any fired ceramic) can have different hues based on how it's fired, and combines glass colors with several layers of different types of paints, stains, and glazes.
In future research, I'm intending to build histograms that support drilling down (similar to a data-warehousing feature). I found a library from Square that purports to do this in Javascript.
I also suspect the use of other color-spaces would be valuable. For modern print media, CMYK might make sense, or even guessing Pantone colors from an image (although this may fail due to bias in photographing the piece). Color systems designed by painters (e.g. the Ostwald System) seem promising as well.
D3.js is a Javascript library for building data driven documents, commonly used to build interactive infographics (see the New York Times and ProPublica for examples). I was aiming for an interactive animation of various histograms; it took a while to figure out how to get the animation working.
The library has a nice functional style, which makes for clean code but, like much lisp code, fails to use syntax to call out important grammatical points in code. Each statement is a sequence of successive transformations of data / html / svg objects, and you need to figure out when to start new transformations. The animations also happen in a background thread, so you need to hook into the end of each to trigger the next. If you tell D3 to transform an object's attributes from one value to another, it does a nice job, except for some rendering glitches with rounding.
function update(data, duration, delay, c)
 var hist ="body").selectAll("div");
 var hist =;
 function color(d) {
 if (c === 'r')
 return 'rgb(' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ',0,0)';
 if (c === 'g')
 return 'rgb(0,' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ',0)';
 if (c === 'b')
 return 'rgb(0,0,' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ')';
 var index = 0;
 .style("height", function(d) {
 return Math.floor(200 - y(d.y)) + "px";
 .style("background-color", color)
 .each("end", function(i){
 if (index === 0) {
 // trigger next animation here
 .style("height", function(d) {
 .attr("class", "bar")
 .style("background-color", color);


text: The Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 (SPCA) is a North Carolina law regulating activities that disturb natural ground cover. It authorizes local governments to enact ordinances regulating construction activity to prevent erosion and pollution by sediment and allows parties injured by activity in violation of the law to recover damages. In Applewood Properties, LLC, et al. v. New South Properties, LLC, et al., decided March 20, 2012, the North Carolina Court of Appeals reviewed an order by the trial court granting summary judgment to defendants and dismissing SPCA claims filed against the defendants. The court found that while the defendants may have engaged in soil disturbing activities, there was no sediment deposited into water as a result of those activities.


text:
Purpose: To evaluate if using the laser fluorescence (LF) device improves the detection of early or more advanced occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 181 occlusal sites in primary teeth were assessed by one examiner using DIAGNOdent. The same examiner and a second examiner evaluated 72 of the sites again to assess intraand inter-examiner reproducibility. After histological validation, lesions were divided at three thresholds according to the lesion depth: outer half of the enamel (D1), inner half of the enamel (D2) and dentine (D3). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under ROC curve were calculated for cut-off points for the sample considering the aforementioned thresholds. The parameters were compared using chi-square test and by comparison between unpaired ROC curves. Results: The overall LF performance was better at dentine threshold than at enamel threshold. The higher specificity was found at D3 and D2, and higher accuracy at D3 (P < 0.001). The intraand inter-examiner agreements were classified as good or excellent for all thresholds. Conclusions: The LF device performs better at the dentine threshold than at the enamel threshold. This method does not perform well in detecting initial enamel caries lesions.
Keywords: dental caries, early detection, laser fluorescence, occlusal surface, primary teeth


text:
Virginia Woolf's Women
A work of original and detailed research this is the first biography to concentrate exclusively on Woolf's close and inspirational female friendships... Show synopsis A work of original and detailed research this is the first biography to concentrate exclusively on Woolf's close and inspirational female friendships with the key women in her life. Vanessa Curtis looks both at the effect of these relationships on her emotional life and the inspiration that each woman provided for the female protagonists in her fiction. Women inspired and fascinated Woolf until the day she died, evoking not only her loyalty, love and wit, but also anger, envy and insecurity. The author begins by exposing the lesser-known details of Woolf's Victorian childhood, spent underneath the suffocating wings of the 'angels in the house' who instilled in her a lifelong battle between creativity and convention. The journey continues with a study of the other unique women in Woolf's life: her silent sister, Vanessa Bell; enigmatic artist Dora Carrington; complex writer Katherine Mansfield; aristocratic novelist Vita Sackville-West and riotous, militant composer Ethel Smyth. Virginia Woolf's Women takes the reader on an intimate journey through the most important female relationships of Woolf's life, drawing on much previously unpublished archive correspondence and photography, ultimately revealing an honest portrait of Virginia Woolf as writer, daughter, sister, lover and friend.


text: Cricket Street was one of the first streets named in Masterton, being given its official name in 1878. It earned ithis name from being the area of town where cricket was first played – in the 1860s, on land behind the Wairarapa Archive. Cricket Street originally formed part of a cross with the street now known as Park Street. Because of the shape of the street this was first known as Cross Street. The name was changed to Park Street in 1905.


text:
As a follow-up to a post about sugar, here's a quick reference guide about veganism and sugar…
Why is some sugar not vegan?
Some sugar is refined through a process that uses dead animal parts: bones (bone char). The dead animal parts aren't in the final sugar product, but using dead animals to make something makes that something nonvegan.
Why do some vegans eat sugar?
Many vegans try to avoid nonvegan sugar, but they will use vegan sugar.
Other vegans don't worry about sugar at all. They simply avoid eating the obvious animal products like meat, cow's milk, and eggs.
What is vegan sugar?
Vegan sugar is sugar that has not been made through the use of animal products.
Labels that indicate sugar is vegan:
- unrefined cane sugar
- evaporated cane juice
- beet sugar
- raw sugar
Why do some vegans avoid sugar?
Some vegans will omit sugar entirely because it's easier than reading labels.
Other vegans avoid sugar because a diet without sugar is healthier.
- agave nectar
- maple syrup
- rice syrup
- fruit juice


Degrees, Minutes, Seconds to Decimal Calculator
Enter degrees, minutes, and seconds to convert them to degrees in decimal form.
How to Convert Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS) to Decimal
Degrees can be expressed with minutes and seconds or in decimal form. One degree is equal to 60 minutes or 3,600 seconds.
To convert degrees to decimal form, find the decimal value of degrees for the minutes and seconds, and then add them to the degrees.
Step One: Convert Minutes to Decimal Degrees
Minutes are expressed using the prime symbol (′). Minutes can be converted to decimal form by dividing them by 60, since there are 60 minutes in a degree.
decimal = minutes ÷ 60
Step Two: Convert Seconds to Decimal Degrees
Seconds are expressed using the double-prime symbol (″). Seconds can be converted to decimal form by dividing them by 3,600, since there are 3,600 seconds in a degree.
decimal = seconds ÷ 3,600
Step Three: Add Degrees, Minutes, & Seconds
Once the minutes and seconds have been converted to degrees, the final step to convert to decimal is to add them to the whole degrees. Thus, the decimal value is equal to the whole degrees plus the converted minutes plus the converted seconds.
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds to Decimal Formula
Summing it all up, the formula to convert DMS to decimal is:
decimal = degrees + (minutes ÷ 60) + (seconds ÷ 3,600)
For example, let's convert 60° 35′ 15″ to decimal form.
decimal = 60 + (35′ ÷ 60) + (15″ ÷ 3,600)
decimal = 60 + 0.583333 + 0.004167
decimal = 60.5875°
Thus, 60° 35′ 15″ is equal to 60.5875°.
graphic showing how the equation to convert degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal works
You might also be interested in our calculator to convert decimal degrees to degrees, minutes, and seconds.


text:
The Online Numbers to Words Converter is a powerful tool that can help you convert any number into words in a matter of seconds. This tool is perfect for anyone who needs to convert numbers into words for various purposes such as writing checks, creating invoices, or simply for documentation purposes.
With this online tool, you can convert numbers into words in English. The tool is user-friendly and easy to use, requiring no technical expertise or special skills. Simply enter the number you want to convert and hit the convert button. The tool will instantly generate the corresponding words for your number.
This Numbers to Words Converter is designed to be highly accurate, ensuring that the results you receive are correct and reliable. The tool also supports a wide range of numbers, including decimals and negative numbers, making it suitable for a variety of applications. Additionally, the tool is free to use and accessible from anywhere, at any time, so you can use it whenever you need it.
Whether you're a business owner, student, or just someone who needs to convert numbers into words, this online tool is an essential resource that you can use with confidence. So why wait? Try it today and see how easy and convenient it is to convert numbers into words!


to using resistivity contrast instead of acoustic impedance contrast.
 direction at right angles to this axis. On real, logs check heading carefully, as travel time and amplitude images can be interchanged in position, and North may be on the right or the middle of the track.
Determining Fracture Orientation
As mentioned above, when formation pressure is isotropic (equal in all directions), the tectonic stress is zero and Pfrx equals Pfry. In this situation, the borehole is round and spalling of the formation is either non-existent or equal in all directions. In stressed regions, such as in the Rocky Mountains, the borehole will erode to an oval shape. The minimum diameter shows the direction of maximum stress and the maximum diameter shows the direction of minimum stress..
Borehole shape indicates stress direction – maximum stress in direction of minimum hole
 diameter. Formation microscanner and dipmeters have oriented caliper data.
Many modern logs have an X and Y axis caliper, but not all of them are oriented to true north. When directional data is recorded, as with dipmeters and many modern resistivity tools, the X and Y orientations are known, Statistical plots are helpful in choosing the dominant direction).
Borehole diameter indicates stress direction - this example is from India where the minimum
 stress direction is NE - SW.
A hydraulic fracture will usually penetrate the formation in a plane normal to minimum stress, or parallel to the plane of maximum stress. Any stress anisotropy (tectonic stress) will cause the fracture to be other than vertical.
Natural fractures take the same directions as hydraulic fractures, indicated again by the borehole shape. In addition, the high angle dips seen on an open hole dipmeter or image log, will also indicate this preferential direction. Since most hydraulic fracture jobs are run in casing, it is not possible to run a dipmeter or caliper survey to find the orientation of a hydraulic fracture. The preferential direction can be predicted from previous open hole data. Dipmeter and caliper data can be displayed on rose diagrams to illustrate preferential directions.
If an azimuthal gamma ray log existed, the fracture orientation could be located by a tracer survey. I am not aware that such a tool exists, but it would not be difficult to design one..
<== Azimuth frequency (rose diagram) plots show direction of dips seen on dipmeter and image logs. When steep dips caused by fractures are isolated from lower angle bedding dips, the direction of maximum stress xan be determined. In this case, the direction is N30E.
Stress direction is not constant over geological time scales. Differences in the direction of induced fractures (present day stress direction), open fractures (some time ago), healed fractures (older than open fractures), and small faults (could be any age) will help to show the stress history of a region. An example log and rose diagrams are shown below.
Image log in fractured reservoir: gamma ray (left track, shaded red), image track (middle) with open fractures (red sine waves and healed fractures (yellow sine waves), dip track (right) shows red amd yellow dip angle and azimuth. There are no induced fractures in this short interval. Bedding planes are near horizontal. Imagine trying to locate these steep dips without the aid of a computer.
Induced fractures (top left) show current stress direction. Open fractures (top right) show stress direction when fractures were created, healed fractures (lower left) show different direction at an earlier phase in geological time, and micro faults (lower right) shows another stress regime was present when the faults occurred.
The newest dipole shear sonic log is also an azimuthal tool with dipole sources set at 90 degrees to each other. The example below shows the shear images for the X and Y directions. This log can be run in open or cased hole.
Dipole shear image log shows directional stress - the Fast Direction is centered on
90 degrees (east - west) which is also the maximum stress direction.