text:
Exploring challenges and opportunities with market heat maps
This paper uses survey data from six countries in order to shed further light on one aspect of the economic lives of the poor: their access to markets. It develops a framework that could be used to map market inclusiveness, and then applies this to a number of markets that are critical to reducing poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These "market heat maps" help to illustrate the extent of the challenges and in some cases reveals potential opportunities in growing more inclusive markets in water and financial services.
What Are Market Heat Maps?
Market heat maps are simple illustrations of the extent to which the poor engage with markets: how inclusive of the poor the markets are. They provide a graphic representation of access to goods and services in selected sectors - education, water, microfinance, etc. - by the poor, along with information on how these goods and services are being provided. A greater share of poor consumers being reached is analogous to more "heat" (more color in the figure). Less heat (lack of color) indicates that a larger share of the poor are excluded. When focused on the demand side, these market heat maps show the nature and extent of consumer access to key goods and services that are important for human development across spatial dimensions in a particular country as well as the presence (or lack thereof) of various agents on the supply-side. When considering the production side, they also illustrate how inclusive markets are for the poor as producers (as entrepreneurs or as providers of labor inputs).
What do they Add?
There is already a rich literature and extensive practice in poverty mapping. So far, geographic poverty mapping has mostly been used by actors from the public and not-forprofit sphere who leverage it to highlight the geographic variations in poverty, to design and target their interventions, to pinpoint and coordinate priority areas of their operational programs and activities, to determine where to best allocate their budget, to monitor and evaluate their operations, and to increase transparency and social accountability. Amongst others, geographic poverty mapping is applied in the areas of poverty reduction operations, infrastructure provision and coordination in humanitarian crises. While poverty mapping is often used by many actors to amend the coordination of their own activities, it can also help improve the visualization of the spatial dimension of current development issues amongst external actors, including a broader public audience.
Acknowledgements: The complete published article can be found in Journal of World Business:
Pablo Acosta, Illana Melzer, Ronald U. Mendoza, Namsuk Kim, and Nina Thelen. "Business and Human Development in the Base of the Pyramid: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities with Market Heat Maps". Journal of World Business, 2011, 46 (1), 50-60.


As a first-time traveler to Cuba, you probably have a lot of questions about the Cuban currency: What's the deal with Cuba's two currencies? Which Cuban money should you use? Can you pay with a credit card or debit card? Does Cuba still impose a 10% tax on US dollars? Do they even have ATMs in Cuba? In this article, we answer these questions and more.
Right off the bat, we can tell you that the Cuban currency system is super complicated to deal with as a traveler. But don't panic, we will cover absolutely everything you need to know about using money in Cuba.
BIG UPDATE: This article has been updated to reflect the changes part of the reform of the Cuban monetary system in January 2021, which eliminated the CUC. Please, ignore the comments posted before 2021 because a lot has changed!
For practical advice on saving money in Cuba, read our ultimate list of travel tips for Cuba. If you are a US citizen visiting Cuba, check out the complete guide on how to travel to Cuba from the US.
1. What is the Currency in Cuba?
The first thing you should know about the Cuban monetary system is that Cuba used two official currencies until December 31st, 2020: the CUP (Cuban Peso) and the CUC (Cuban Convertible Peso). However, it all changed in January 2021, when Cuba eliminated the CUC and left the CUP as the only official Cuban currency. Therefore, as a traveler, you will use the CUP.
The (Eliminated) Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC)
The Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) was one of Cuba's two official currencies and the one most frequently used by visitors. However, contrary to what many outdated articles say on the Internet, you can no longer use the CUC in Cuba.
This is because Cuba eliminated the dual currency system on January 1st, 2021 and the Cuban Peso (CUP) became the only official currency in Cuba. If you travel to Cuba before mid 2021, you may still see some CUCs in circulation because Cuban residents have until July 2021 to exchange their remaining CUCs into CUPs.
The Cuban Peso (CUP)
The CUP (also locally known as "moneda nacional" or MN) is the primary Cuban currency. It is used by both residents and visitors alike.
Stick with us because we will talk a lot about the Cuban Peso. But first, let's point out the physical difference between the CUC and CUP.
The tangible difference between the CUC and CUP
You've never been there. Never used Cuban money. So, how are you supposed to know the difference between the CUC and the CUP and avoid getting scammed?
Cuban currency - CUC and CUP
Here is the secret: the CUP bills have faces. If you expect to receive CUP in a transaction and don't see a face on the bill, you will be getting CUC instead! The CUC bill also says "pesos convertibles" right at the center.
2. What Cuban Currency to Use as a Visitor?
For most of your expenditures on the island, you must use CUP. All resorts, hotels, airports, restaurants, and tourist attractions will accept CUP.
You should always have the lower denomination CUP bills at hand to cover small expenses such as street food, bus fare, flea market finds.
With that said, if you are traveling with USD, we suggest you take some USDs to Cuba with you. This is because the USD is the currency king at private facilities, such as "hostales" (private rooms) and "paladares" (private restaurants). Also, while you can tip in CUP, hotel and restaurant attendants will welcome your USDs for tipping in Cuba
3. Can You Use the US Dollar in Cuba?
Officially, you can use US dollars, Canadian dollars, and Euros ONLY at airports in Cuba. In fact, although the CUP is also accepted at shops and restaurants in Cuban airports, we encourage you to use your home currency (more on that below).
Now, although you won't be able to pay in USD for products and services at state facilities, the truth is that private businesses in Cuba are eager to take your hard-fought US dollars. This is because of the existence of "dollar stores", also known as "tiendas MLC". The dollar stores are incredibly well-stocked shops where Cuban residents can buy food and hygiene products, home appliances, and spare parts for cars. These stores only accept US dollars! (Keep in mind that only Cuban residents can buy from these dollar stores.)
The CUP stores pale in comparison. Actually, the scarcity of products at shops that sell in Cuban Pesos is extreme. This is the reason why the USD has significantly become more attractive to Cuban residents.
That's also why you may notice street vendors roaming around the CADECA offices and offering to exchange your US dollars for CUPs. However, to avoid the risk of currency scams, we still recommend that you exchange your USDs at a bank, hotel, airport, or CADECA office.
If you are staying at a hostal and trust your host, it's not a bad idea to exchange some US dollars with your host… or better yet: pay them in USD!
4. Where to Exchange Cuban Currency?
Travelers can exchange Cuban currency at banks, hotels, and government currency exchange houses (CADECA). CADECA offices are located in airports, hotels, resorts, and shopping centers. CADECA offices are the safest and most reliable places to exchange currency.
Please, be aware that it is very unlikely that you will get Cuban currency in advance. If you manage to do it, keep in mind that you are allowed to import up to 2,000 CUP, according to a recent resolution from the Aduana General de la República de Cuba (customs).
5. The Cuban Currency Exchange Rate
The exchange rate depends on whether you want to buy or sell CUP and on the foreign currency you are using for the operation. The value of international currencies against the Cuban Peso is determined by the international exchange rate.
At each CADECA office, you will notice a TV screen displaying the daily exchange rates, like this:
CADECA CUP Exchange Rates
The table above shows the current CUP exchange rate, according to the official CADECA's website. The column Compra/Buy indicates the exchange rate at which CADECA buys the currency, while the Venta/Sell column shows the exchange rate at which they sell the currency.
Whatever currency you want to sell to CADECA, you will need to multiply the amount of money you want to exchange by the exchange rate listed on the Compra/Buy column.
For example, if you want to exchange 100 CAD to CUP, here is the math: 100*18.3451 ≈ 1,835.5. Yeah, that's right, you will get around 18.35 CUP for 1 CAD… exactly how it says in the table.
You should also know that the Cuban currency exchange rate may be slightly more expensive at CADECA offices located in hotels, ports, and airports. The exchange rates are also updated twice a week. Make sure to always check the current exchange rate at the official CADECA's website.
The US dollar exchange rate to Cuban currency: the (no-longer) special case
From 2004 to July 16th, 2020, Cuba imposed a 10% tax on US dollars. It meant that converting American money into Cuba money incurred a 10% fee on top of the current exchange rate. However, despite what you might have read out there, this is no longer true. As of July 16th, 2020, if you want to exchange US dollars into CUP, you will NOT have to pay for the additional 10% tax.
A word of caution: be aware of the currency scams
Aside from official currency exchanges, there are a few unofficial ways as well.
Most often, you can stumble upon these "opportunities" just outside of currency exchange offices and local shops. Often, people willing to make unofficial exchanges will pitch you on attractive offers: instead of the official rate of about 23 CUP for 1 USD, they're willing to give you 30 CUP or even more. That's because they can resell it later for up to 60 CUP!
However, keep in mind that currency scams are not uncommon in Cuba, and tourists are typically the victims. The currency scam can go one of two ways: 1) you receive forged currency in exchange for your (legitimate) money; or 2) you get change in CUC, which was eliminated, instead of CUP.
You could lose a lot of money this way!
Like we said before, if you trust your host, you can ask him/her to exchange your US dollars at CADECA's rates. You can also pay for your hostal or meals at private restaurants with USD. In fact, they welcome it if you do it.
Finally, be aware that pickpocketing is common in large cities like Havana. Thus, a travel money belt may be handy to protect your money and small valuables while walking the streets of Cuba.
6. What is the Best Currency to Bring to Cuba?
It all boils down to bringing the foreign currency that has the highest possible conversion rate in Cuba. In terms of conversion value, the British Pound Sterling, and the Euro are the best currencies to


text:
modern systems) and there is no way to allocate blocks other than this mechanism. There are no such calls as malloc or dealloc, since memory blocks are also automatically discarded. The scheme is also lazy, since a block will not be allocated until it is actually referenced. When memory is near full, the MCP examines the working set, trying compaction (since the system is segmented, not paged), deallocating read-only segments (such as code-segments which can be restored from their original copy), and as a last resort, rolling dirty data segments out to disk.
Secondly, protection. Since all accesses are via the descriptor the hardware can check all accesses are within bounds, and in the case of a write that the process has write permission. The MCP system is inherently secure and thus has no need of an MMU to provide this level of memory protection. Descriptors are read only to user processes and may only be updated by the system (hardware or MCP). (Descriptors have a tag of 5 and odd-tagged words are read only – code words have a tag of 3.)
Blocks can be shared between processes via copy descriptors in the process stack – thus some processes may have write permission, whereas others not. A code segment is read only, thus reentrant and shared between processes. Copy descriptors contain a 20-bit address field giving index of the master descriptor in the master descriptor array. This also implements a very efficient and secure IPC mechanism. Blocks can easily be relocated since only the master descriptor needs update when a block's status changes.
The only other aspect is performance – do MMUor non-MMU-based systems provide better performance? MCP systems may be implemented on top of standard hardware that does have an MMU (e.g., a standard PC). Even if the system implementation uses the MMU in some way, this will not be at all visible at the MCP level.
Here you can share your comments or contribute with more information, content, resources or links about this topic.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


MATLAB Answers
How to determine if two cones with vertices at origin, intersect?
Asked by Doctor61
on 6 Feb 2013
Accepted Answer by Sven
Suppose I have two different sets of data points in 3d, that each are in a different tilted plane (different theta,phi,r of normal). I manage to find the enclosing circle for each of these sets of points (center and radius). Now imagine a solid angle (cone) with the vertex at origin and base at the enclosing circle. So I have two cones that have different heights, and their middle axis is at a different theta and phi. Now how can I figure out if these cones have any overlap (intersection) or not? And also if they are not overlapping how close are they, this is rather complicated to define and I still haven't figured out a suitable proximity measure. But maybe you guys out there have some ideas?
 1 Comment
Cedric Wannaz
on 6 Feb 2013
EDIT: discard this comment; I wrote it before realizing that your cones have both their tip at the origin.
You will probably find a lib. that does it, but if you had to do it "by hand".. you could start by computing the distance between the axes of both cones. This is done by computing the scalar product between a vector made of two arbitrary points from the two axes respectively and a unit vector orthogonal to the two axes. You get the latter by normalizing the cross product between two arbitrary directional vectors defining the two axes.
It would not be too complicated then to find radii of both solid angles at closest locations between the two axes. However, what you call "overlapping" is vague. If the two cones have an intersect, its geometry will be quite complicated.
No products are associated with this question.
1 Answer
Answer by Sven
on 7 Feb 2013
Edited by Sven
on 7 Feb 2013
 Accepted answer
Hi again Doc,
First thing you can do is check the dot product between the normal vectors of both cones' planes. If the dot product is less than zero, the cones cannot intersect. If the dot product is one, then the cones must intersect.
An easier way to think about "nice" 3D shapes (like cones) is to ask if it can project to 2D. In this case, happily the problem can be reduced to 2D.
You've got two "plane normal vectors" that intersect at the origin. This means they are co-planar. If you find this plane (which is straight forward with a couple of cross products), then project the outline of the cones onto this plane, you've reduced the problem down to a question of "does triangle A intersect triangle B".
Or, more simply:
 - Get the "apex angle" of each cone/triangle from its normal vector
 - Get the angle subtended between the normals of each plane
 - If the sum of the apex angles is greater than this subtended angle, your cones/triangles intersect.
So, let's say you know a few things:
1. The unit vectors of each plane's normal vector:
zVec1 = rand(1,3); zVec1 = zVec1/norm(zVec1)
zVec2 = rand(1,3); zVec2 = zVec2/norm(zVec2)
2. The "height" of each triangle (ie, the distance from your cone plane to the global origin:
ht1 = 10
ht2 = 7
3. The "width" of each triangle (ie, the radius of each cone):
wdth1 = 2
wdth2 = 3
Now you've got all you need to calculate the apex angle of each cone (ie, between the cone wall and the normal vector):
ang1 = atand(wdth1/ht1)
ang2 = atand(wdth2/ht2)
And the angle between the two plane normal vectors:
twoVecDotProd = dot(zVec1,zVec2)
angBetweenNormVecs = acosd(twoVecDotProd)
Now you've got your result:
conesIntersect = twoVecDotProd>0 && ang1+ang2 >= angBetweenNormVecs
Does that work for you?
on 7 Feb 2013
Hi Sven, thanks again for your valuable help.
This method is a very smart solution to my problem. But I have tried it on some random samples and it seems it does not perform correctly. BTW I have two questions about it: first, when you say "width of each triangle (ie, the radius of each cone)", do you basically mean the diameter of the circles I have as the base of the cones? Cause later you divide it by 2, in order to find the apex angle.
Also, I am a bit confused why you chose the inequality so that there is an intersection when ang1+ang2 is larger than angBetweenNormVecs, I would have assumed the opposite. Needless to say, I tried the opposite too and in some random runs it yields a wrong answer.
on 7 Feb 2013
Oh, sorry, yes, I meant "diameter". I've updated the solution above to use the word "radius" and to not divide this by two.
on 7 Feb 2013
Think of it this way, when angBetweenNormVecs is very small, the cones are pointing in the same direction and are more likely to intersect. When the ang1 or ang2 of the cones gets larger, that means that the cones are covering more space, and are similarly more likely to intersect. The greater-than sign is pointing the right way, and I'm quite confident that the above algorithm works correctly.
Anyway, it will always be better to show a specific example (with code to set up your zVecs/hts/wdths) rather than say that random samples don't work...
Thanks, Sven.
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Here's why the term 'Karen' became popular during the Black Lives Matter movement
Wednesday, 5th August 2020, 1:26 pm
Updated Wednesday, 5th August 2020, 1:26 pm
(Photo: Shutterstock)
One surprising development in the wake of 2020's Black Lives Matter protests has been the use of the name 'Karen' to signify an officious, entitled, white woman.
Its use has become so widespread on social media that businesses have jumped on the bandwagon.
In New Zealand, Domino's was offering people called Karen the chance to win a free pizza as a "break from negativity" (it eventually shuttered the promotion following widespread backlash).
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There's even a sub-Reddit dedicated to the shaming of r/EntitledKarens.
But where did the new meaning of the name come from, and how did a seemingly innocuous first name come to be shorthand for rude, obnoxious and insufferable middle-aged white women who complain about things?
Here's everything you need to know:
What does Karen mean?
The name Karen first entered the English language hundreds of years ago from Danish, where it has been a short form of "Katherine" since medieval times.
It became popular in the English-speaking world in the 1940s, and has seen a resurgence in online mentions in recent years; but not for the reasons many people called Karen would like.
Why Karen?
One may assume the name's current usage sprung up following the story of a woman calling the police on a black birdwatcher in New York's Central park after he asked her to obey the rules around dogs on leads.
But the name's new connotations predate that story: there was the time a woman was dubbed a Karen after helping herself at a restaurant's server's station in an impatient bid for condiments, and the story of a mum who was called a Karen for telling a woman wearing a bikini to cover up.
Rarely in those situations is the entitled person in question actually called Karen, so why has the name become attached to such instances?
According to Robin Queen, Professor of Linguistics at the University of Michigan, "first names tend to contain a range of social cues.
"An obvious one is gender," Prof Queen said, writing for The Conversation. "But they can convey other kinds of information too, including age, ethnicity, religion, social class and geography.
"The first name Karen peaked in popularity in 1965, which means that in 2020, most people named Karen are middle aged.
"Because roughly 80% of the U.S. population was white in the 1960s, it's safe to assume that the proportion of people named Karen in 2020 is predominantly white."
Prof Queen says it's "largely a coincidence" that Karen – rather than another popular baby name from the 1960s – is the name that became the label, and the name's repeated use on social media has reinforced its status.
Where did the new use of 'Karen' come from?
A number of theories about the origins of Karen's current subtext have been put forward.
In African American communities, generic names have stood as shorthand for white women to be wary of due to their propensity to wield their privilege for a number of years.
A trend of posting pictures of white women calling the police on the everyday activities of black people emerged in 2018, each labelled with alliterative hashtags like _TAG_ and _TAG_.
Another theory traces the use of Karen back to American comedian Dane Cook's 2005 skit in which he derided Karen as "that friend nobody likes."
Karen - according to Cook - is entitled and "always a douche," though Cook's angle seems to be void of racial critique and more focused on gender-stereotypes.
Another hypothesis points to the 2017 thread 'F*** You Karen', a parody of a Reddit user who ranted about his ex-wife (called Karen) receiving custody of their children and possession of the family home.
Central Park incident a 'perfect moment'
Those three ideas all seem to explain a different slice of the Karen pie.
The first deals with its racial connotations, the second with Karen's perceived entitlement, and the third with her pushy nature.
The Central Park incident earlier in 2020 fused all three together to form the Karen we know today, a "perfect moment" for the "strands to come together" says Prof Queen.
"There's the intersection of entitled behaviour, racism and demographics."
What happened on This Morning?
The Karen debate reached a new head in Britain this week when This Morning viewers were left baffled as three Karens appeared to complain about the "racist" and "unfair" use of their name.
Karen Masters, Trigg and Serfass all appealed to viewers to stop using their name in a "negative" way, a moment described as "the most Karen thing to do" by social media users.
"We can't, as Karens, now talk about how this is affecting us because we are told we are entitled if we do this," said Masters. "I set up a to show this is not fair for us to put up with this."
"'People say Karens are entitled, but we're not,' insists Karen, who started a petition and went on the TV to complain about people using the name Karen facetiously, in what is perhaps the most Karen thing any Karen has ever Karened," said one Twitter user.


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I'm just going through the original book by Anosov, where he tries to proof this result. I don't quite understand it.
So let $\phi_t:TM\rightarrow TM$ be a geodesic flow on a compact surface $M$ of negative curvature. Let $\theta=(x,v)\in TM$, then there exists an isomorphism $T_\theta TM\cong T_pM\oplus T_pM$
So how can we find stable and unstable directions and show that vectors in this direction contract or expand exponentially, as it is required by an Anosov flow?
First of all, I understand that the direction of the flow itself is invariant and the phase velocity stays constant there. Then I have also understood that a vector $\xi=(\xi_h,\xi_ v)\in T_pM\oplus T_pM$, that is transversal to the flow direction will have a length that is convex for all $t$, i.e. \begin{equation} \frac{d^2}{dt^2}\Big|\;\xi\;\Big|^2>0 \end{equation}
But how do we conclude the existence of contracting and expanding directions from this?
What is your approach? Sometimes I have seen people using Jacobi fields. But I don't know how to do that?
Thanks in advance
btw. do you know how to show that the geodesic flow on $M$, as above, has no conjugate points?
share|improve this question
Hey, I thought I should let you know that I figured it out. I'll post an explanation, once I get around to it. – Leo Apr 28 '13 at 14:21
I am stuck on the same exact problem. Could you please post what you figured out, or tell me where to look? – Krishnan Mody Jun 12 at 15:12
Hi Krishnan, sory for the late response. It was clear at the time, but now I am not in this field anymore and I can't recall the argument unfortunately. I can look at the work if i find it and let you know. – Leo Jun 20 at 11:37
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text:
How did The Book Fairies celebrate International Women's Day?
Book Fairies around the world celebrated International Women's Day by hiding copies of Our Shared Shelf books – and there are still more to find on the 9th!
Emma Watson is a Book Fairy for the day
We must admit, we had an extra pair of hands on the day – Emma Watson hid books around places of significance to women and the feminist movement. Did you spot one?
The places Emma visited:
The Gertrude Stein statue: Gertrude Stein was an American novelist, poet, playwright and art collector. She was a leading figure in modernism in literature and art in the early 20th century. She wrote Tender Buttons and Three Lives, as well as work dealing with homosexual themes.
The Joan of Arc statue: The statue of French patriot and saint Joan of Arc was sculpted by a woman, Anna Vaughn Hyatt Huntington, in 1915. It was the very first statue depicting a non-fictional woman in NYC and was the only one until the 1980s.
Blue Stockings: a radical bookstore which holds regular events, including a feminist book club.
Harriet Tubman memorial: Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and humanitarian. Born into slavery in 1822, she escaped and subsequently rescued around seventy enslaved families and friends. After the American civil war she became an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Harriet Truman statue: Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady in US history and she later served as the US delegate to the United Nations. She was the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights and also oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
You can see all her videos and pictures on Emma's instagram.
The books Emma dropped:
My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem
The Color Purple by Alice Walker
Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi
How to be a Woman by Caitlin Moran
Mom & Me & Mom by Maya Angelou
Half the Sky by Sheryl WuDunn and Nicholas Kristof

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Reconstruct Your 2D SEM Images in 3D
Your scanning electron microscope measures and analyzes all kinds of samples in 2D: to analyze the surfaces of samples in 3D, use the system extension 3DSM. 3DSM, the computer-based application from ZEISS, provides you with topographical information by reconstructing a complete 3D model of the surface from SEM's AsB-Detector signals.
- Perform a 3D surface reconstruction of samples examined with electron microscopes equipped with an AsB or 4QBSD detector
- Upgrade your MERLIN FE-SEM with 3DSM Metrology to gain automatic measurements and documentation in compliance with ISO 25178, DIN and ASME and other standards for routine checks


text:
of Danish Slaves
of Peter Von Scholten
edict abolishing the slave trade did not abolish the
institution of slavery. Slavery still continued in
the Danish West Indies (Vestindien). On 3
July 1846 generalguvernÝr (Governor-General) Peter Von
Scholten (who was sympathetic to the abolition of
slavery) proclaimed the emancipation of the slaves in
the Danish West Indies.
Danish West Indies were purchased by the USA for $25m
under a treaty which was ratified and proclaimed on
March 31, 1917. They now form the Virgin Islands,
an unincorporated territory of the USA.
to pages dealing with the abolition of the Danish slave
to pages dealing with the abolition of slavery in other
Amendment to the Bill of Rights
campaign against slavery
Thomas Fowell Buxton (_PHONE_)
Trade Act 1807
Trade Act 1824
Trade Act 1843
Abolition Act 1833
to other pages dealing with slavery:
slavery still exist?


text:
AIRBORNE CBW AGENT DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGY
Agency / Branch:
DOD / USAF
Decontamination is a process through which dangerous chemicals and microorganisms, including vegetative cells, spores and viruses, are rendered harmless. Conventional technologies such as new-generation of HEPA filters provide reasonable protection for a certain amount of time. However, HEPA filters are expensive and require the use of pre-filters to limit their rate of loading, moreover, they dissipate large amounts of power from the ventilation air stream. We propose to develop a new technology for decontamination of air streams through simultaneous injection and generation of strong oxidative free radicals. These free radicals, which have an average lifetime of less than a second, are effective in neutralizing chemical and biological agents upon contact and dissipate not leaving any residue. The strong air/gas stream containing free radicals produced in a non-thermal plasma source will be able to penetrate efficiently the contaminated air stream due to vibrant turbulence caused by the injection stream. Non-thermal plasma technologies are currently under investigation for their ability to decompose biological and chemical agents. Plasma chemical processes have been known to be highly effective in promoting oxidation, enhancing molecular dissociation, and producing free radicals to enhance chemical reactions. Plasma techniques such as the pulsed microwave discharge proposed here, offer advantages of energy efficiency and the capability for the simultaneous removal of co-existing CBW agents.
Small Business Information at Submission:
227 Durfee Hill Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850
Number of Employees:


text:
This Excel tip shows you how to apply italics formatting using Shortcut keys on the keyboard.
There are two key combinations that can be used to add or remove italics formatting to data:
- Ctrl + " I " keys
- Ctrl + " 3 " keys
Example: Using Shortcut Keys to Apply Italics Formatting
For help with this example, see the image to the right.
- Type some data into a cell, such as E1 in the spreadsheet and press the Enter key on the keyboard.
- Click on that cell to make it the active cell.
- Press and hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard.
- Press and release the letter " I " on the keyboard.
- Italics formatting should be applied to the data in the cell.
- Press and release the Ctrl + " I " keys again to remove the italics formatting.
Other Keyboard Shortcuts


text:
Cloud cover fraction
As additional service to interpret the SO2 vertical column densities,
the web pages that show images of the SO2 data also show an image
of the cloud cover fraction for the same region, taken from the same
instrument. Note that currently there is no cloud screening performed
on the data: all SO2 slant column retrieval results are shown as-is.
The same cloud fraction is also used to determine the air-mass factor (AMF)
when taking the AMF from look-up tables made with a
radiative transfer model in order to compute the SO2 vertical column
density. Note that the AMF and thus the vertical column cannot be calculated
of the cloud cover fraction is missing.
For the daily data at orbit (like the image shown here) and at grid
coordinates the cloud cover fraction is presented in the same way and available in the
accompanying data files. Monthly averages if the cloud fraction are not
made: there is no cloud screening method applied to the SO2 data, so that a
monthly average cloud fraction does not provide any useful additional
The cloud fraction is a number between zero (clear-sky: no clouds) and one
(fully clouded, also known as overcast). For the Volcanic & Air Quality
SO2 Services the cloud data is taken from existing data products:
For SCIAMACHY data, the cloud
fraction is taken from the data files generated by the FRESCO algorithm,
which derives the cloud data from the Oxygen A-band (between 758-775 nm).
See this page at the TEMIS website
for more information and data.
The FRESCO cloud data is either in "normal mode" or in "snow/ice mode". In
the latter case, a cloud fraction of one is assumed with the cloud at ground
level when determining the AMF for the SO2 vertical column. In the
datafiles, however, the cloud fraction in the "snow/ice mode" is set to
'-1', and it is shown in a separate colour in the cloud fraction images
(indicated simply as "snow" in the colour bar).
Note that the FRESCO cloud cover data retrieval stricktly speaking is based
on sunlight reflected by a combination of clouds and (reflecting) aerosols:
such aerosols are effectively treated as clouds. This means that the FRESCO
data product contains a (small) aerosol contribution.
For OMI data, the cloud fraction is taken from the level-2 data product
provided by NASA/NOAA.
The "quality flags" of the ground pixel in that data product gives the
presence of snow or ice. The following situations are taken to represent the
"snow/ice mode": permanent ice, dry snow, and a sea ice concentration of
more than 50% -- all other cases are considered to be "normal mode"
The GOME-2 SO2 data are generated in near-real time at DLR and that data
product contains cloud information based on the OCRA/ROCINN method,
developed at DLR. The maps on the web pages show the cloud cover fraction as
determined by OCRA.


text:
Dove Medical Press has adopted the CRediT taxonomy and authors are now required to complete the CRediT taxonomy when providing author contributions for all submissions.
What is the CRediT taxonomy?
CRediT is a high-level taxonomy, which includes 14 roles, that can be used to represent the roles typically performed by contributors to scientific scholarly articles. The roles describe each contributor's specific contribution to the scholarly output.
What are the benefits of using the CRediT taxonomy?
Adoption of the CRediT taxonomy is intended to improve accessibility and visibility of the range of contributions to published research outputs. Some of the benefits include:
- Helping to reduce the potential for author disputes
- Supporting adherence to authorship/contributorship processes and policies
- Enabling visibility and recognition of the different contributions of researchers, particularly in multi-authored works – across all aspects of the research being reported (including data curation, statistical analysis, etc.)
- Support identification of peer reviewers and specific expertise
- Improving the ability to track the outputs and contributions of individual research specialists and grant recipients
- Further developments in data management and nano-publication
- Enable new indicators of research value, use and re-use, credit and attribution
Importantly, the CRediT taxonomy is not intended to determine who qualifies as an author. Each author of an article may have one or more CRediT contribution roles but having a role described by the taxonomy does not automatically qualify someone as an author. Authorship is still determined according to our authorship guidelines which are based on the ICMJE requirements.
The 14 roles included in the CRediT taxonomy are:
- Conceptualization – Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
- Data curation – Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
- Formal analysis – Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data.
- Funding acquisition – Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
- Investigation – Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
- Methodology – Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
- Project administration – Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
- Resources – Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
- Software – Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
- Supervision – Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
- Validation – Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
- Visualization – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
- Writing – original draft – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
- Writing – review and editing – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including preor post-publication stages.
More information about the CRediT taxonomy can be found at _URL_
Please note: This page was adapted from the Casrai CRediT homepage and Atkins H. Author Credit: PLOS and CRediT Update. 2016. Assessment, In the News, Publishing, Science communication _URL_
Updated 28 November 2018


text:
A turning tarpit is a form of Turing tarpit in which there is a sequence of commands, modeled as a rotating wheel. In a turning tarpit, language commands do not directly manipulate data, but instead affect the command wheel(s), by changing their rotation or executing the current command.
Overview of the Genre
The earliest example of a turning tarpit in the world of esoteric programming languages is probably reMorse (1998). Whirl (2004) embraces the technique most explicitly, styling itself as "dizzy programming". Fortuna (2005 or earlier) is probably the first turning tarpit to use the image of a wheel. Wunnel (2011) applies the turning tarpit technique to the problem of designing a 1L, and expands on the idea by using a two-dimensional torus of instructions instead of a one-dimensional wheel. Braincrash (2011) is a brainfuck equivalent. Jolverine (2012) is a conscious attempt to expand the turning tarpit genre by introducing a new feature: modifying the order of instructions on the wheel during execution.


Figure 1.
Bar graphs of morphological and life-history trait means Daphnia populations in fishless and fish lakes. Fishless populations are shown in black and populations co-occuring with fish in white. A) body sizes; B) clutch sizes; C) offspring sizes; D) instar-specific ages. Bars represent the mean with error bars = 2SE. Significance levels for differences in trait means generated by a NANOVA (* = p < 0.05; ** = p,0.01; *** = p < 0.001). See text for further explanation of trait designations and analysis.
Fisk et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:22 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-7-22
Download authors' original image


Skip to definition.
Verb: implement im-plu-munt
 1. Apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design
 "implement a procedure"
 2. Ensure observance of laws and rules
 - enforce, apply
 3. Pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue
 "He implemented a new economic plan";
 - follow through, follow up, follow out, carry out, put through, go through
Noun: implement im-plu-munt
 1. Instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end
Derived forms: implements, implemented, implementing
Type of: apply, compel, complete, employ, finish, instrumentality, instrumentation, obligate, oblige, use, utilise [Brit], utilize
Encyclopedia: Implement


text:
An Information Flow represents information items or classifiers flowing between two elements in any diagram. The connector is available from the Common page of the Toolbox and from every Quick Link menu.
You can have more than one Information Flow connector between the same two elements, identifying which items flow between the two under differing conditions.
Example of Use
- Open a diagram and add two elements (for example, Nodes on a Deployment diagram).
- Click on the Information Flow connector in the Common page of the Toolbox and drag between the two elements. The Information Items Conveyed dialog displays.
- Add the classifier or information item element(s) to the Information Flow. The diagram now resembles the following.
- Add another connector between the same two elements (for example, a Communication Path connector).
- Right-click the connector and select the Advanced | Information Flows Realized context menu option. The Information Flows Realized dialog displays.
- Tick the checkbox against the required classifier element and click on the OK button. The combined connector now resembles the following:
OMG UML Specification
The OMG UML specification (UML Superstructure Specification, v2.1.1, p. 606) states:
An InformationFlow specifies that one or more information items circulates from its sources to its targets.
The OMG UML specification (UML Superstructure Specification, v2.1.1, p. 607) also states:
An information flow is an abstraction of the communication of an information item from its sources to its targets. It is used to abstract the communication of information between entities of a system. Sources or targets of an information flow designate sets of objects that can send or receive the conveyed information item.


Ever thought of using braids in magic? When it comes to binding, most of us only consider knots. But braids can be used for the same purpose. The same way you can bind power, beads and other things in a knot, you can weave it into a braid.
One example of a power braid is that where you'd tie 9 knots to a rhyme, you can braid 9 strands, and maybe add 9 beads with even intervals. Just in case you'd like to have those points to refer to. One positive thing about using braids is that a braid is something you can wear in your hair, without having to cut it off afterwards. They also attract less attention, if you prefer not to be public about what you do. If you're not familiar with braiding, here are a couple of examples of techniques.
3 strands
5 strands
You can use the same technique for any odd number of strands (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on).
10 strands/5 loops
You can use the same technique for any odd number of loops (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on), but it gets harder after 9 since you only have ten fingers.
A coloring page aweek
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text:
Physics Exercises/Blackbody radiation
What is the maximum efficiency of the black body as a source of visible light? Assume "visible light" means EM radiation between 380 nm and 750 nm.
(Hint: First work out the optimal surface temperature (it should be close to the surface temperature of the sun), and then work out the efficiency. Integral using Planck's blackbody radiation formula required.)
- What is the maximum temperature of the light side of the moon? Assume that the amount of sunlight incident on the moon is also given by the solar constant.


text: Based on field data collected from 131 small scale dairy farmers that were randomly selected from four agro-ecological zones, this study assessed the potential of adoption of fodder bank technology as a means for improving livestock production and income generation for smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Using a logit modelling approach, it also identified the drivers of adoption of the technology by analysing the influence of household characteristics and ecological factors on farmersâ€™ decision to adopt the technology. The model correctly predicted 75% of observed adoption and non-adoption by farmers. Results reveal that dairy herd size, land holding size, membership of dairy association and agro-ecological potential are the key factors influencing farmersâ€™ adoption of fodder bank. Age, sex, household size and educational level of farmers play lesser role. Male and female farmers were equally likely to take up and practice fodder bank if they are given equal access to information and incentives. The study recommends farmer-led extension approaches where farmers who possess certain key characteristics should constitute the initial group for disseminating information regarding the technology in rural communities. The results highlight the importance of access to dairy product markets as a driver for the adoption of fodder banks. It is recommended that forging a strategic partnership with the Dairy Development Programme (DDP) will offer high potential for enhancing the scaling up of the adoption and impact of fodder bank technology in the country.


text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Water at the top of Niagara Falls has a temperature of 10.0degrees celsius. If it falls a distance of 50.0m and all of its potential energy goes into heating the water, calculate the temperature of the water at the bottom of the falls. 2. Relevant equations W = change in kinetic energy + change in potential energy 3. The attempt at a solution i know there's potential energy on top and none at the bottom. There's not kinetic energy at the top and there is at the bottom. But how do i put temperature into this equation???


text:
The names chiseled onto city tenement building entrances are often pretty puzzling.
The typical tenement is more than 100 years old. With the original builders long-gone, who can explain where some of these names come from, and why they were chosen?
Like Novelty Court, on Driggs Avenue in Williamsburg. Actually, a little research turned up an explanation: this used to be the site of the Novelty Theater, according to Cinema Treasures, which disappeared from city directories by the 1920s.
A. Segal's (Secal's?) Apartments are also in Williamsburg. But who was A. Segal, and why did he put his first initial and last name on his building?
Blennerhasset sounds like Manhasset, a town in Long Island. I've never seen the name anywhere else but on this tenement near Columbia University.
Who was Frances, and how would she feel about the terrible shape the building named for her is in, on Lexington Avenue in East Harlem?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to prove that a certain sequence of Markov chains $x^N_k$ converges towards a diffusion process. The invariant measure of $x^N$ is $\pi^N$ and the Markov chain $x^N$ is started in stationarity $x^N_0 \sim \pi^N$. It is also assumed that $\pi^N$ converges (in laws) to a limiting probability distribution $\pi$.
The idea of the diffusion approximation is then pretty simple, and runs roughly as follows: we can write $$x^N_{k+1}-x^N_k = \mu(x^N_k) \Delta_N + m^N_k \sqrt{\Delta_N} $$ where $\Delta_N$ is a time step that goes to zero as $N \to \infty$ and $\mu(\cdot)$ is a deterministic function and $m^N_k$ is a martingale difference with respect to the natural filtration generated by $x^N$. It happens that a martingale central limit theorem applies in this case and that it can be shown that $$W^N(t) = \sqrt{\Delta_N} \sum_{k < [\frac{t}{\Delta_N}]} m^N_k$$ converges in laws to a Brownian motion $W$. This is why the sequence of rescaled Markov chain $U^N(t) = x^N(t/\Delta_N)$ should converge in laws to the diffusion $$dU_t = \mu(U_t) \ dt + dW_t, \quad U_0 \sim \pi,$$ where $W$ is independent from the initial position $U_0$.
If we can show that the couple $(x^N_0, W^N)$ converges in laws to $(U_0,W)$ where $U_0$ is independent from $W$, a continuous mapping argument gives the conclusion.
Question: in short, it is assumed that $x^N_0 \sim \pi^N$ converges in law to $U_0 \sim \pi$ and it can be shown that $W^N \to W$. This seems always true that $W$ is independent from $U_0$, is it? How can one ensure that $W$ is adapted to a filtration $\mathcal{F}_t$ with $U_0 \in \mathcal{F}_0$?
Rephrasing: consider a sequence of martingales $M^N$, not starting from $0$, adapted to the filtrations $\mathcal{F}^N$. Let us also assume that the distribution $\pi^N$ of $M^N_0$ converges in law to a distribution $\pi$. If a martingale invariance principle applies to the sequence of martingales $X^N_k = M^N_k - M^N_0$, is it true that the original sequence $M^N$ also converges in laws to a modified "Brownian motion" $W$ with $W_0 \sim \pi$?
Ps: the whole point of this pedestrian approach is to avoid the usual generator-based theorems that ensure that a diffusion approximation is valid.re
share|improve this question
Maybe I'm missing something, but I don't see why you should need or expect $W$ to be adapted to a filtration of the sort you describe. I think you're already done. – Steve Huntsman May 9 '10 at 3:20
First, I would like to be sure that I can chose the Brownian motion W independently from the initial data U_0. Second, I need to prove that the couple (x^N_0, W^N) does converge, which is not clear to me. I need that because we can write U^N=I(x^N_0,W^N) where I is a continuous function: in order to apply the continuous mapping theorem, I need to show that the sequence (x^N_0,W^N) does converge in laws. – Alekk May 9 '10 at 11:04
1 Answer 1
Check out the book by Ethier & Kurtz on Markov processes. As far as I remember, the chapter on diffusion approximations should have everything you might need.
share|improve this answer
Ethier and Kurtz would be perfect if I was working in R^d, but I am actually working with Hilbert space valued Markov chains. The whole story should not change much, but I do not know the proof of E&K enough (based on generators of diffusion etc..) to see if this is a straightforward generalization or not. By the way, if there is a good reference for SPDE approximations of Markov chains, that would be very helpful. Thank you. – Alekk May 10 '10 at 20:11
Your Answer


text:
Definition of association. Meaning of association. Synonyms of association
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word association. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word association and, of course, association synonyms and on the right images related to the word association.
Definition of association
AssociationAssociation As*so'ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. association,
LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.]
1. The act of associating, or state of being associated;
union; connection, whether of persons of things. ''Some.
.. bond of association.' --Hooker.
Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God.
2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or
associated with a thing.
Words... must owe their powers association.
Why should... the holiest words, with all their
venerable associations, be profaned? --Coleridge.
3. Union of persons in a company or society for some
particular purpose; as, the American Association for the
Advancement of Science; a benevolent association.
Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society,
consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors
of neighboring churches, united for promoting the
interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.
Association of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or
connection of states of mind or their objects with one
another, as the result of which one is said to be revived
or represented by means of the other. The relations
according to which they are thus connected or revived are
called the law of association. Prominent among them are
reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and
Meaning of association from wikipedia
to: voluntary association
who voluntarily enter
into an agreement
football, commonly known
or soccer, is a sport played between
of eleven players
with a spherical
- a voluntary association
(also sometimes called
association, or just an association) is a
- a trade
association, also known
as an industry trade
group, business association
association, is an organization founded
- the football
association, also known simply
as the fa, is the governing
body of football
in england. oldest football association
- a professional association
organization, or professional
society) is usually
- the german football
association. (deutscher fußball-bund. dfb) is the governing
body of football
. a founding member
of both fifa
- as a legal
entity, the organisation
may be a co-operative society, a company limited
by guarantee, an incorporated association
- the american library association
(ala) is a non-profit organization based
in the united states
that promotes libraries
- the most common purpose
of these associations
is'maintaining or improving
of their employment
this may include


text:
Asphalt Driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin
Asphalt is an inexpensive solution for large surfacing areas. When you use it for a smaller surface, however, it can cost a little more than usual.
While asphalt is often referred to as asphalt tarmac, the two things are not actually the same. The main difference between asphalt and tarmac is that asphalt is tremendously hard-wearing, but the main disadvantage is that it's not as hardy as tarmac in relation to continuous deterioration by car tires.
However, asphalt is less affected by extreme weather and requires less maintenance. Another difference is that asphalt is kinder to the environment than tarmac.
When the driveway gets old, you can recycle asphalt and reuse the material elsewhere fairly easily. For driveways you can also use asphalt concrete.
Find out more about our Asphalt Driveways Dublin service here.
What is asphalt concrete?
Asphalt concrete is a blend of asphaltic cement mixed with grit or sand which delivers a long-lasting and hard-wearing driveway. These driveways are more expensive again as they are harder to repair than asphalt or tarmac. Also, Asphalt concrete gets damaged more easily by fluctuating temperatures.
How Long Will An Asphalt Driveway Last?
The way you treat your driveway will determine the lifespan of asphalt. For instance, extreme weather conditions and heavy traffic can cause dents and cracks in the driveway. So, the eventual life expectancy of an asphalt driveway depends on several factors just like tarmac. However, the general life expectancy of an asphalt driveway is about 20 years.
The Differences Between Tarmac VS Asphalt driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin
While tarmac and asphalt are usually used for pavements, driveway surfaces, and roads, they aren't the same. Asphalt is a mixture of aggregates and bitumen that needs up to two days before it completely cures. On the other hand, Tarmac is a combination of crushed stone and tar that cures quickly.
Here are the main differences between tarmac vs asphalt:
- Asphalt offers a better finish and smoother surface than tarmac. This helps to increase tire grip and makes it a more suitable, safer option for driveways and roads. This is because tarmac consists of larger aggregates than asphalt.
- Asphalt is reusable but tarmac is not. You can scrape off the asphalt surface as well as reprocess the material to use for a different project. This makes asphalt a more eco-friendly choice in comparison with tarmac.
- Tarmac is likely to get damaged by diesel or petrol spills, while asphalt needs less maintenance.
- Asphalt is slightly more expensive material to use over small surface areas.
- Similarities Between Tarmac and Asphalt
- Both are used for a wide range of paving applications.
- Both paving materials have the same makeup.
- They each contain petroleum products, fillers such as sand, and aggregate such as stone.
- Both are suitable for large loads and heavy vehicles.
Both asphalt and tarmac are used for surface pavements, roads, and driveways, but they aren't the same material. Tarmac or tarmacadam is a blend of tar and larger aggregates, whereas asphalt is a blend of bitumen and smaller aggregates. Tarmac is easy and quick to install and a litte bit cheaper than asphalt for driveways.
Asphalt is slightly more eco-friendly than tarmac as you can break and reuse it at the end of life. Since asphalt tops are smoother in comparison with tarmac, they are safer to drive on because of better tire grip.
Where Are Tarmac And Asphalt Used?
Both asphalt and tarmac materials are extensively used for roads (such as motorways, highways, caravan parks, private roads, car parks, etc.,). They are also used on pavements and driveways. Contact Quality Driveways Dublin for Asphalt Driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin. Both elements are extensively used in domestic and corporate settings.
Which Product Is Cheaper?
Among the two materials, tarmac is a bit cheaper than asphalt.
What Are The Benefits Of Asphalt And Tarmac?
Both elements offer longevity, durability, and ease of installation compared with other surfacing such as Block Paving.
Which Product Is More Environmentally Friendly?
Asphalt is slightly more eco-friendly than Tarmac.


Why Cleveland Guardians? Roots of baseball team's new name found in bridge by ballpark
Craig Webb
Akron Beacon Journal
One of the Guardians on the Hope Memorial Bridge leading to Progressive Field in Cleveland.
Forget the Marvel Universe crew of misfit space travelers.
The Guardians of Cleveland who are now the face of the Cleveland baseball club are deeply rooted in the city's history.
It's a mere coincidence that these Guardians keep a watchful eye over the team who now claims them as a mascot as they stand guard atop the nearby Hope Memorial Bridge.
Stone carvers pose on a pylon of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, later renamed the Hope Memorial Bridge, circa 1931.
Cleveland baseball:Guardians will be Cleveland's new baseball team name
Social reactions:The Cleveland Guardians are here, but not every fan online loves it
When the bridge was completed in 1932, the ball club wasn't playing at the corner Carnegie and Ontario. Back then, the team's home was old League Park, well east of the Cuyahoga River.
Originally named the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, the talk of constructing a second span over the river began around the turn of the century.
It stretches nearly a mile long and was designed to carry both cars and street cars at the time, although a lower level for vehicles was never completed.
The father of the bridge's later namesake — the late comedian Bob Hope, who grew up in Cleveland — was a stone mason and helped build the span to connect the city's East and West sides.
But — like the ball club — this is no ordinary, boring bridge.
The engineering firm of Wilbur J. Watson & Associates, along with consulting architect Frank Walker, strayed from the norm of the time by curving the lower edges of the trusses and adding the famed Guardians, giving it a Modernist architectural vibe.
The design included four massive stone pylons with eight Art Deco-style stone figures dubbed the Guardians of Traffic that separated it from other spans of the era.
One of the Guardians on the Hope Memorial Bridge leading to Progressive Field.
The mammoth stone-faced statues sculpted by Henry Hering, whose signature work can also be found at Cleveland's famed Severance Hall, each hold a different vehicle.
There's a hay wagon, a covered wagon, a stage coach, a passenger car, a dump truck, a concrete mixer and a pair of two other trucks.
The intent of the architect was to celebrate the progression of transportation from the simple hay wagon to the then modern automobile and truck.
John Grabowski, chief historian for the Western Reserve Historical Society and a history professor at Case Western Reserve University, said researchers recently looked into the mystery trucks on two of the pillars and found that one is an exact replica of a 1930s-era electric truck.
The bridge's Guardians have been a popular symbol for the city and artists alike over the years and now the ball club as one of the statue's standing guard over the bridge's east end is just a very long Daniel Johnson Jr. throw away from right field.
Grabowski, who also is an editor of "The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History/Dictionary of Cleveland Biography," said the bridge was really a "grand structure" when it opened and celebrated Cleveland's position as one of the nation's largest cities at the time and its role as a commerce and transportation hub.
It came after the completion of the Union Terminal and the city's iconic theater district on the eve of the Great Depression.
"It has truly become iconic," he said. "The statues have become as close to a symbol of the city Cleveland as anything next to the Terminal Tower."
More on the Cleveland Guardians name change
Craig Webb, who was partial to the Cleveland Spiders (Webb, get it?), can be reached at _EMAIL_.


In the Belly of the Cage
Sarah McIntire '07 English 65, Fantasy, Brown University, 2003
Magic permeates the world of the last unicorn. The leaves don't fall in the forest because of her presence, and she can converse with both humans and animals. When she travels across country, townsfolk easily forget her companions, but remember "his white mare [that] troubled the nights of many a villager." To accentuate the magic that surrounds the last unicorn, Beagle brings normally ordinary or mundane settings to life. When captured by Mommy Fortuna and her traveling carnival, the unicorn finds herself locked in an iron cage that springs wickedly to life around her.
No creature of man's night loves cold iron, and wile the unicorn could endure its presence, the murderous smell of it seemed to turn her bones to sand and her blood to rain. The bars of her cage must have had some sort of spell on them, for they never stopped whispering evilly to one another in clawed, pattering voices. The heavy lock giggled and whined like a mad monkey.[18]
Beagle personifies the cage that surrounds the unicorn, giving the bars "clawed, pattering voices" and the lock a twisted madness. Often in The Last Unicorn, he uses personification to describe settings or places that are often magical when compared to the rest of the world, such as the "plump" town or Haggard's spooky castle that "crept into the sky."
1. Why does Beagle use personification to describe the unicorn's cage?
2. What kind of image do the words "murderous," "evilly," and "mad" conjure of the cage and the unicorn's situation? Why does the cage appear so horrible to the unicorn?
3. Why can't Schmendrick feel the evil in the cage? Does he know that it exists?
4. Why does Beagle use the phrase "creature of man's night"? Does this equate the unicorn with the other horrific creatures of Mommy Fortuna's Midnight Carnival?
Victorian Web Overview Peter S. Beagle Fantasy
Last modified 12 April 2004


text:
Beersheba - A Spring and an Oath
Be'er means a spring and Sheva means an oath, and the two combine to form the name of the city that is known as the capital of the Negev of modern Israel.
Ancient Beersheba is where the Patriarch Avraham discovered a spring and where he made a covenant with the Philistines which he sealed with an oath. The well built on this spring was eventually stuffed up by the Philistines until the Patriarch Yitzchak restored it to use. Like his father he also made a covenant with the Philistines and reinstituted the name given to it, which became the name of the city that grew around it.


Flash Point
Published: | Updated: October 26, 2016
Definition - What does Flash Point mean?
A flash point is the lowest temperature at which a combustible liquid vaporizes, mixes with the adjacent air and ignites if suitably initiated by an ignition source such as hot substance, spark or flame. Ignition source is an essential for measuring a flash point and the burning ceases as soon as the ignition source is removed (contrary to auto ignition, which does not require any ignition source).
Safeopedia explains Flash Point
Flash point of any liquid indicates how easy it is to ignite the said liquid. The lower the flash point of any liquid, the easier it is to ignite. Gasoline's flash point is minus (-) 40°C and diesel's flash point is (+) 62°C. It is therefore much easy, to ignite gasoline than diesel. Liquids those have lower flash points are more flammable and extremely fire hazard.
Liquids and chemicals used in industries need to be categorized as per their potential level of fire hazard. Flash point is one of the major considerations for deciding which flammable class a particular liquid or chemical belongs to. Flash point can be measured in two ways, open cup and closed cup. In an open cup method, a flame is brought to the surface of the liquid held in an open cup. In a closed cup method, the cup containing liquid is sealed with a lid and ignition source is introduced through the lid in equilibrium or non-equilibrium condition.
This definition was written in the context of Combustible or flamable liquid
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Krylon Marking Paint
Make Your Mark with Krylon Marking Paint
With a known brand like Krylon for marking paint, you know you're getting those bright and crisp lines. But it may not be clear, what kind of marking style of paint is best for the job. So, we broke down some of the most common kinds of marking paint.
Athletic Field Marking Paint
This type of marking paint, athletic field, is common for schools and community events. Fields such as football, marching band, soccer, or baseball. With leaving a minimal impact on the environment, it's perfect to show off those team colors. It's able to stick to grass, dirt or other types of athletic surfaces. But careful enough not to stick to your uniform. Here's a quick guide for athletic striping.
Water Based vs Solvent Based
With all the different kinds of paint out there, it's good to know the correct base to paint with. When people may come in contact with the paint, such as a sporting even with the athletic field paint. You're generally going to use a water base paint. Why? Because it's safer the environment and people. And plus, it will fade or wash away with water over time. Whereas, a solvent based paint is on there for good. You would need a solvent to remove the paint. It does contain more chemicals, which give it it's sticking power.
Inverted Marking Paint
Next, we have inverted paint which one would spray at a downward angle. With inverted marking paint, you can get it in water or solvent based paint. Used many times for marking utilities, surveys, construction, excavation or ground marking. Dries fast as well as allowing you to paint on hot surfaces.
Marking Chalk
Another type of paint is marking chalk, which the name might give it away. It's used for many of the same things that the inverted marking paint used. Perfect for the temporary marking of roads, pavement, gravel, and grass. This non-toxic paint only lasts about 30 days before it will disappear. Or can be removed with brush and wire.
Tallboy Marking Paint
These Tallboys are good if you're wanting more paints in your can. They have almost 30% more paint than the original cans (22 oz compared to the 17 oz). Increase productivity without having to replaces the paint as often.
Overhead Marking Paint
Last but not least, we have the overhead paint. This paint sprays in an upward position and generates low odor. It's able to dry fast and penetrate onto uneven surfaces. Some uses include mines, bridges, and excavations.
With great knowledge about the types of Krylon marking paint, comes great paint responsibility. So get out there and leave your mark!
Edit: If you're not quite in need of marking paint but still need Krylon paint, you want to look into field striping or industrial paint.


text:
In this work, we present a new system for the determination of dissolved carbon dioxide (from 7.2 ppm to 425,6 ppm) in aqueous environments. Microfluidic technology has been incorporated in sensor design to reduce the volume of samples and reagents. Moreover, a detection system has been integrated in the chip, consisting of a white light -emitting diode as a light source and a high -resolution digital colour sensor as the detector, which are able to detect changes in colour produced by the reaction of the sensing chemistry and carbon dioxide in water. The optimised parameters found for the system are: flow rate 0.6 mL center dot min(-1), integration time 30 s and the time for pumping of solutions was 3 min, obtaining a LOD of 7.2 ppm. The CO2 response, reproducibility, precision, and stability of the sensing chemistry have been studied and compared with those obtained using bench-top instrumentation (i.e. a spectrophotometer), obtaining good agreement. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
co2 sensor; microfluidic system; water analysis; autonomous monitoring; carbon dioxide


Four steps for testing housing material performance
When exposed to commonly used aggressive disinfectants and drugs, many materials used in medical devices can crack, craze, discolor, and become sticky. Currently, there are no industry standards for evaluating surface compatibility. That's why Eastman developed a 4-step test method based on ASTM standards to better understand why plastics fail and how different plastics perform in the real world.
 1. Select the appropriate jig.
 2. Load flex bars onto jig.
 3. Apply chemicals to the flex bars.
 4. Perform reverse side impact test.
Step 4 is the differentiating step in this testing protocol. While visual inspection after step 3 may reveal changes in some plastics, there may be cracks or crazes that are not visible to the naked eye or identified by weight or dimensional changes. By performing Step 4, you are better able to predict the reliability of a device after exposure.
Read our Disinfect with Confidence brochure for more details on each step of the process, and check out this video.
Ultimately, this test should help you confidently choose the best material for your next project.
Learn more about Eastman's medical grade polymers for medical device housings and hardware at


Unusual Competition of Extreme Ironing
Extreme Ironing (also called EI) is an extreme sport and a performance art in which people take an ironing board to a remote location and iron items of clothing. Extreme ironing is "the latest danger sport that combines the thrills of an extreme outdoor activity with the satisfaction of a well-pressed shirt."
This can involve ironing on a mountainside, preferably on a difficult climb, or taking an iron skiing, snowboarding or canoeing. Beginners usually start extreme ironing in the safety of their back gardens, although some daring members have been known to go straight to the mountain. Despite it's superficial danger, extreme ironists always take numerous safety measures, including safety ropes, harnesses, spare irons and the like.
History : Extreme Ironing was first started in 1997 by Leicester man, Philip Shaw, when Philip decided to do his ironing in the back garden. Since then, extreme ironing has developed into a sport that has attracted and give attention around the world. Shaw came home from what he recalls as a hard day in a Leicester knitwear factory. Preferring the idea of an evening out rock climbing, he decided to combine the two activities and convert it into a new extreme sport.
In June 1999, Shaw, who uses the nickname "Steam", embarked on an international tour to promote the activity. The stops included United States, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. An encounter with German tourists in New Zealand led to the formation of a group called "Extreme Ironing International" and the German Extreme Ironing Section (GEIS).
The "sport" gained international attention after a documentary entitled Extreme Ironing : Pressing for Victory, was produced for Britain's Channel 4 by Wag TV and From then it becomes the unusual competition of Extreme Ironing.
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_USER_ {1696, title = {Modeling the uncertainties in renewable generation and smart grid loads for the study of the grid vulnerability}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE Power \& Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2016}, pages = {1 - 5}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Minneapolis, MN, USA}, abstract = {
The uncertainties of power systems are becoming more and more important due to power systems restructuring and ever increasing renewable generation integration into the grid. In the literature several uncertainty modeling approaches have been proposed to facilitate decision making process for efficient operation of power systems. These approaches mainly focus on deriving a statistical representation for different sources of uncertainty such as load, generation, and line capacities. However, there is a need for an uncertainty model which can capture the frequency components of uncertainty signals for applications such as voltage control, frequency control/ stability, and grid vulnerability analysis. In this paper we proposed an uncertainty modeling approach that captures the high dynamics of renewable generation uncertainty and smart grid loads and reveals their frequency domain characteristics. We tested the proposed model on IEEE 300 bus system to evaluate the impact of uncertainty on line flows.
}, keywords = {RM14-003}, doi = {10.1109/ISGT.2016._PHONE_}, author = {Mir Hadi Athari and Zhifang Wang} }


Behind every number: A portrait of Canada
Catalogue number: Catalogue number: 11-629-x
Issue number: _PHONE_
Release date: June 26, 2017
Behind every number: A portrait of Canada - Transcript
Description of visuals
(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Behind every number: A portrait of Canada")
All across Canada, every day, things are changing.
(Landscapes of Canada appear such as a field, a lake, a city, and icy mountain terrains.)
Our population is increasing faster than it has in almost fifty years.
(A woman holds a baby in her arms. Numbers increase from 1971: 21,568,000 to 2016: 35,151,728)
Some of us were born here, and so were our parents and grandparents. We have strong connections to our land and history.
(Indigenous person walks alongside a lake, on-screen text appears: 600+ First Nations bands in Canada)
And some of us chose to come here from other places, to find work, to chase a dream, to build a better life.
(People in an airport, on-screen text appears: 1 in 5 people in Canada was born elsewhere and a man opens up a garage door.)
Canadians now live and work in cities and urban areas.
(Fast-forward shot of people walking on a busy intersection in a city and the following text appears: 7 of 10 Canadians live in cities.)
We work hard so that at the end of the day, we can play hard too.
(An office building is shown and the following text appears: Median total income of couples: $78,870; then, we see a couple kiss.)
Go watch the game and cheer for the home team.
(Outdoor hockey game is taking place, and the following text appears: 77% of Canadians believe that hockey is an important national symbol.)
See a play, or a movie, or take the kids to a concert.
(Mother, father and daughter watch a movie at the theatre.)
Many of us also live in rural settings.
(Top view of a farm with the following text: over 6.3 million Canadians live in rural areas.)
Some of us work on farms, growing food for tables at home and around the world.
(Combine harvester on a farm, and the following text appears with a pie chart animation: Cropland makes up 54.6% of total farmland.)
And we're doing it without increasing how much water we use.
(Sprinkler appears on-screen, and the following text appears: 1.7 billion cubic metres of water used to irrigate crops.)
That's good news for our most precious natural resources, and our environment.
(Rapids and landscapes of mountains appear on-screen.)
But we don't just grow things in Canada.We make things here, too.
(Man in a factory holds a ring, and the following text appears: Sales of transportation equipment: $113 billion.)
Like cars, and parts for airplanes, and metals to build products here and abroad.
(A man inspecting part of an airplane with the following text appears: Aerospace production: $19.9 billion.)
But what binds us together is our shared values. Canadians know that access to healthcare is the greatest gift of all.
(Older man opening the door to his home to a nurse, with the following text appearing: over 25 million have family physician.)
And ours is a country where education matters.
(Classroom appears; circles appear above desks that read: Diploma; the text on-screen reads: 9 in 10 Canadians aged 25 to 64 have completed high school.)
Where children have the opportunity to learn and grow.
(Little girl is writing on a piece of paper.)
Where higher learning and research are valued and taken seriously.
(An open book appears with the following text: 2 out of 3 Canadians aged 25 to 64 have completed postsecondary education.)
How do we know all of this? Because behind every number, there's a person, a family, a relationship. Together, we write Canada's story.
(Various scenes of cities, landscapes, families, and the little girl as she writes on the floor.)
(Canada 150 logo appears.)
(Canada wordmark appears.)
Date modified:


text:
Step 2: Begin Construction
First, begin by folding your your graph paper in half (excluding three boxes on the perforated side). Once the paper has been folded appropriately, make two marks--13 full boxes apart. Use a ruler to make a straight line with the length of 13 boxes directly up 1 row of boxes from the two marks you just made. Then make the elevators, rudder, spars, landing gear and counterweight as shown. Follow the photograph markings. Once all is marked out, cut out the fuselage.
After the fuselage is made, take another sheet of paper that is folded in half along the lines of boxes. Mark out the wing as shown (3 boxes in length and 6 boxes in width).
Solid lines indicate places to cut. Dotted lines indicate fold lines.
Note: 1 box = 0.25 inches


text:
Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone or as Art Moderne, was a late type of the Art Deco design style which emerged during the 1930s. Its architectural style emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
As the depression decade of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of the Art Deco style emerge in the marketplace: streamlining. The streamlining concept was first created by industrial designers who stripped Art Deco design of its ornament in favor of the aerodynamic pure-line concept of motion and speed developed from scientific thinking. Cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing also may be influenced by constructivism. As a result an array of designers quickly ultra-modernized and streamlined the designs of everyday objects. Manufacturers of clocks, radios, telephones, cars, furniture and numerous other household appliances embraced the concept with open arms.
The style was the first to incorporate electric light into architectural structure. In the First Class dining room of the SS Normandie, fitted out 1933–35, twelve tall pillars of Lalique glass and 38 columns lit from within illuminated the room. The Strand Palace Hotel foyer (1930), preserved from demolition by the Victoria and Albert Museum during 1969, was one of the first uses of internally lit architectural glass, and coincidentally was the first Moderne interior preserved in a museum.
The Streamline Moderne was both a reaction to Art Deco and a reflection of austere economic times. Gone was unnecessary ornament. Sharp angles were replaced with simple, aerodynamic curves. Exotic woods and stone were replaced with cement and glass.
Art Deco and Streamline Moderne were not necessarily opposites. Streamline Moderne buildings with a few Deco elements were not uncommon but the prime movers behind streamline design (Raymond Loewy, Walter Dorwin Teague, Gilbert Rohde, Norman Bel Geddes) all disliked Art Deco, seeing it as effete, falsely modern, essentially a fraud.
Common characteristics of Streamline Moderne and Art Moderne
- Horizontal orientation
- Rounded edges, corner windows
- Glass brick walls
- Porthole windows
- Chrome hardware
- Smooth exterior wall surfaces, usually stucco (smooth plaster finish)
- Flat roof with coping
- Horizontal grooves or lines in walls
- Subdued colors: base colors were typically light earth tones, off-whites, or beiges; and trim colors were typically dark colors (or bright metals) to contrast from the light base.
The Normandie Hotel, which opened during 1942, is built in the stylized shape of the ocean liner SS Normandie, and it includes the ship's original sign. The Sterling Streamliner Diners were diners designed like streamlined trains.
Although Streamline Moderne houses are less common than streamline commercial buildings, residences do exist. The Lydecker House in Los Angeles, built by Howard Lydecker, is an example of Streamline Moderne design in residential architecture. In tract development, elements of the style were frequently used as a variation in post-war row housing in San Francisco's Sunset District.
The style was applied to appliances such as electric clocks, sewing machines, small radio receivers and vacuum cleaners. Their manufacturing processes exploited developments in materials science including aluminium and bakelite. Compared to Europe, the United States in the 1930s had a stronger focus on design as a means to increase sales of consumer products. Streamlining was associated with prosperity and an exciting future. This hope resonated with the American middle class, the major market for consumer products. A wide range of goods from refrigerators to pencil sharpeners was produced in streamlined designs.
Streamlining became a widespread design practice for automobiles, railroad cars, buses, and other vehicles in the 1930s. Notable automobile examples include the 1934 Chrysler Airflow, the 1950 Nash Ambassador "Airflyte" sedan with its distinctive low fender lines, as well as Hudson's postwar cars, such as the Commodore, that "were distinctive streamliners — ponderous, massive automobiles with a style all their own."1
Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a leading design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the simple designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items, making them affordable to the large European working class.2 Streamlining and functionalism represent two very different schools in modernistic industrial design, but both reflecting the intended consumer.
- 1923 Mossehaus, Berlin. Reconstruction by Erich Mendelsohn and Richard Neutra.
- 1926: Long Beach Airport Main Terminal, Long Beach, California
- 1928: Lockheed Vega, designed by John Knudsen Northrop, a six-passenger single engine aircraft, made famous by the use of Amelia Earhart.
- _PHONE_: Canada Permanent Trust Building, Toronto
- 1930: Strand Palace Hotel, London. Foyer designed by Oliver Percy Bernard
- 1930–1934: Broadway Mansions, Shanghai, designed by B. Flazer of Palmer and Turner
- 1931: The Eaton's Seventh Floor (including the Eaton Auditorium and the Round Room restaurant) in Toronto, Canada, designed by Jacques Carlu, located in the former Eaton's department store.
- 1931: Napier, New Zealand, rebuilt in Art Deco and Streamline Moderne styles after a major earthquake.
- 1933: Ty Kodak building in Quimper, France designed by Olier Mordrel.
- 1933: Southgate tube station, London
- 1933: Burnham Beeches in Sherbrooke, Victoria, Australia. Harry Norris architect.
- 1933: The Lawson "Zephyr" clock designed by Kem Weber for Lawson Time of Alhambra, California.
- 1933: Merle Norman Building, Santa Monica, California See also History of Santa Monica, California
- 1933: Midland Hotel, Morecambe, Morecambe, England.
- 1933–1940: The interior of Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry, designed by Alfred Shaw
- 1934: Chrysler Airflow, the first mass-market streamline automotive design
- 1934: Hotel Shangri-La (Santa Monica), California
- 1935: Ford Building (San Diego, California), Balboa Park
- 1935: The De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill-on-Sea, England
- 1935: Pan Pacific Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1935: Edificio Internacional de Capitalización, Mexico City, Mexico
- 1935: The Hindenburg, Zeppelin passenger accommodations
- 1935: The interior of Lansdowne House on Berkeley Square in Mayfair, London is redesigned and redecorated in the Art Moderne style and opens as the Lansdowne Club.
- 1935: The Hamilton Hydro-Electric System Building, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- 1935: MV Kalakala, the world's first streamlined ferry.
- 1936: Lasipalatsi, in Helsinki, Finland, houses a cinema, several restaurants and cafés along with shops and offices. It was first built as a temporary building and was scheduled for demolition about a decade after its construction. However, many prominent Helsinkians opposed the demolition and, in 1998, it was designated a protected culture and arts centre.
- 1936: Florin Court, on Charterhouse Square in London, built by Guy Morgan and Partners. It became "Whitehaven Mansions", the fictional residence of Hercule Poirot, in the 1980s filming of the TV series based on Agatha Christie's mystery stories.
- 1937: Malloch Building, residential apartments at 1360 Montgomery Street in San Francisco
- 1937: B and B Chemical Company, at 780 Memorial Drive in Cambridge, Massachusetts, built by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott and added to the National Historic Register in 1982.
- 1937: Belgium Pavilion, at the Exposition Internationale, Paris
- 1937: TAV Studios (Brenemen's Restaurant), Hollywood
- 1937: Hecht Company Warehouse, Washington, D.C.
- 1937: Minerva (or Metro) Theatre and the Minerva Building, Potts Point, New South Wales, Australia
- 1937: Bather's Building in the Aquatic Park Historic District, now the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park Maritime Museum, with exhibits and social halls.
- 1937: Barnum Hall (High School auditorium), Santa Monica, California
- 1937: J.W. Knapp Company Building (department store) Lansing, Michigan
- 1937: Wan Chai Market, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
- 1937: River Oaks Shopping Center, Houston
- 1937: Toronto Stock Exchange Building, mix of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne
- 1938: Mark Keppel High School, Alhambra, California
- 1938: Normandie building, Mar del Plata
- 1938: Danum House, Doncaster, England
- 1938: 20th Century Limited, New York City
- 1939: Bartlesville High School, Bartlesville, Oklahoma
- 1939: Coca-Cola Building (Los Angeles), California
- 1939: First Church of Deliverance, Chicago, Illinois
- 1939: Marine Air Terminal, La


text:
Find a word
Dictionary definition for:
1. (n) an administrative unit of government; "the Central Intelligence Agency" "the Census Bureau" "Office of Management and Budget" "Tennessee Valley Authority"
2. (n) a business that serves other businesses
3. (n) the state of being in action or exerting power; "the agency of providence" "she has free agency"
4. (n) the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
5. (n) how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; "a means of control" "an example is the best agency of instruction" "the true way to success"
WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.


text:
Consider adding a calf cart to your maternity pen area. At Duo Dairy in Loveland, Colo., a small, hard-plastic cart is stored in the maternity area to assist employees and improve biosecurity. Here are a few ways it helps:
- The employees place fresh straw in the cart and have it nearby when a cow delivers. "If assistance is required, such as with dystocia births, the calf is delivered directly into the cart," says herd veterinarian Greg Goddell. This makes it easy to provide any extra assistance to the calf and limits the exposure to pathogens that may be in the hospital area.
- If a cow delivers on her own, the cart can ease an employee's job of moving the newborn to the calf facility. The cart can be wheeled right into the pen.
- If you are trying to avoid the spread of Johne's you can place the calf in the cart after delivery and allow the dam to clean the animal through a headlock. This stops the calf from suckling the dam and picking up Johne's from the environment.


text:
Judging of awards will be based on the following criteria. If the delegate:
- Represents the assigned country realistically, conveying a thorough understanding of the country's policy.
- Conducts oneself in a diplomatic manner during formal and informal debate.
- Shows a willingness to negotiate through topics for the benefit of the committee.
- Understands and follows the rules and procedures adopted at MUN which are listed in the guide.
- Conveys knowledge of United Nations's structure and functions.
- Displays the ability to verbally present policy, ideas and questions during conference meeting.
At BME Model United Nations, the following awards shall be given:
There are also awards for the best Photographer and the best Journalist.


text:
Lync Server Logging Tool and Snooper. However, there are significant changes in the way Lync Server 2013 provides logging and analysis for troubleshooting. The Lync Server Logging Tool is now gone and replaced by the Centralized Logging Service (CLS). This article expores the CLS architecture and how to conduct basic logging and SIP trace analysis for the new Lync2013 server.CLS enables IT administrators to manage logging and search logs across all Lync servers in a deployment centrally rather than on individual servers. This is an advantage as one no longer needs to enable logging and having to look at traces on multiple front end servers in a pool. Now, we can start, stop and flush trace logging for any or all machines in the deployment from a single location. Administrators can also turn on logging based on scenarios on a per pool/machine for the entire deployment. From a centralized location, we can then search and trace these logs based on specified parameters.
CLS Architecture Overview
1. CLS Agent - runs on every Lync server and controls logging based on commands from the CLSController. It also manages log files for drive space usage and moves old logs to a fileshare. The ClsAgent listens for commands on the following ports: TCP 50001, 50002 and 50003
2. CLSController - sends start, stop, fiush and search commands to all CLSAgents in the deployment. It aggegrates search results from CLSAgents and is available on every Lync server in C:\Program Files\Common files\Microsoft Lync Server 2013\CLSAgent
CLS logging is performed based on scenarios and there are a set of built-in scenarios that specify a group of components and log levels to be started and stopped together. Some examples of these scenarios include:
one additional scenario can be enabled along with "AlwaysOn".
Getting Started with CLS
ClsController.exe -start -scenario AlwaysOn
CLSController.exe -start -scenario IncomingAndOutgoingCall -pools lync2013.apbeta.local
CLSController.exe -search -components Sipstack -pools lync2013.apbeta.local > sip.log


heart heart out heart
Carrier Oils
What Is A Carrier Oil?
Understanding your carrier oils can go a long way to helping you with your therapeutic creations. Often overlooked, these oils form a prime ingredient, that while they have no inherent properties like essential oils, are able to "carry" your topical oils to potentially enhance a therapeutic creations texture and application.
A carrier oil is an oil that is neutral in smell and has little to no volatility such as that found in essential oils. These are organic, vegetable derived oils can be used to dilute essential oils or used to improve and enhance therapeutic application.
There are numerous carrier oils available and each one can be used for different mixtures or dilutions. Importantly, mineral oil and petroleum-based oils or butter should not be used. The same applies to vegetable butter or margarine used in cooking as these often have additional elements that can cause concerns or issues.
Understanding the individual properties can allow you to select the right oils for your needs. Many carrier oils can be combined to produce variations that could further enhance your therapeutic creations and could potentially improve your results.
A carrier oil should be stored in airtight containers and in dark, cool, and dry areas. This will prevent them from going rancid and increase the length of their shelf life.


What is the difference between drupal_get_form() and drupal_retrieve_form()? Can someone explain the difference? I look at the API, but the description seems similar to me.
 - I think one key difference is that drupal_retrieve_form() allows your code to access the updated $form_state as it's passed by reference, however drupal_get_form() just return the $form, not the state. – Felix Eve Apr 7 '16 at 0:32
The difference is that drupal_get_form() handles retrieving, processing, and displaying a rendered HTML form for modules automatically, while drupal_retrieve_form() returns the structured array that defines a form.
Retrieving the form
drupal_get_form() first checks if the form is present in the form cache with form_get_cache(); if it isn't present, it calls drupal_retrieve_form(), and drupal_prepare_form().
Processing the form
drupal_get_form() calls drupal_process_form(), which is the function that calls drupal_validate_form(), and that invokes the submission handlers with form_execute_handlers().
Rendering the form
The rendering is done from drupal_process_form(), which calls form_builder().
In most of the cases, drupal_get_form() is the function to use, such as in the following code.
function node_menu() {
 $items['admin/content'] = array(
 'title' => 'Content',
 'description' => 'Find and manage content.',
 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form',
 'page arguments' => array('node_admin_content'),
 'access arguments' => array('access content overview'),
 'weight' => -10,
 'file' => 'node.admin.inc',
 // …
 return $items;
The only module I found that is calling drupal_retrieve_form() directly is the Mollom module in mollom_moderate(), which uses it for automatically submitting a form. The code could use drupal_form_submit(), but (as a comment says), "Programmatic form submissions are not able to automatically use the primary form submit button/action, so we need to resemble drupal_form_submit()."
 $form_id = $form_info['delete form'];
 $form_state = form_state_defaults();
 // We assume that all delete confirmation forms take the fully loaded
 // entity as (only) argument.
 $messages[] = "Attempt to load $form_info[entity] entity via entity_load().";
 $entities = entity_load($data->entity, array($data->id));
 $form_state['build_info']['args'][] = $entities[$data->id];
 $form = drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, $form_state);
 $form_state['values'] = array();
 $form_state['values']['mollom']['feedback'] = '';
 // Take over the primary submit button of confirm_form().
 $form_state['values']['op'] = $form['actions']['submit']['_TAG_'];
 $form_state['input'] = $form_state['values'];
 $form_state['programmed'] = TRUE;
 // Programmed forms are always submitted.
 $form_state['submitted'] = TRUE;
 // Reset form validation.
 $form_state['must_validate'] = TRUE;
 drupal_prepare_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);
 drupal_process_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);
 $result = $form_state['executed'];
Your Answer


text:
view a plan
Here students create a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation illustrating the Bill of Rights amendments in their unique personal style
Computers & Internet, Social Studies
By – Ian Taggart
Primary Subject – Social Studies
Secondary Subjects – Computers / Internet
Grade Level – 8th Grade
- Arizona State Standards:
- S1:C10:PO8-10, S2:C9:PO1-3, S1:C4:PO4, S3:C1:PO3
Arizona Technology Standards:
- S1:C1:PO1, S1:C4:PO1, S3:C1:PO1-2, S3:C2:PO1-5, S5:C1:PO3
- The purpose of the project is for the students to create their own understanding of the Bill of Rights through their own research. They can then apply what they learned to everyday events and activities and see how the Bill of Rights touch nearly every aspect of their lives.
|Utilizing the internet and news sources, the students will research each of the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights and create a presentation unique to their personal style which illustrates the main points of the Bill of Rights.|
Create a Keynote or PowerPoint presentation illustrating the Bill of Rights.
- The presentation must be formatted and organized in the following manner:
- Name, class and topic on the first slide (Bill of Rights).
- Minimum of one slide per amendment, but may have more slides containing text, pictures or a combination of both.
- Create your own slide format or use a preset format.
- Try different slide transitions, artwork and photos, appropriate sound effects and music if desired.
- The presentations will be assessed according to the guidelines above.
- 50 total points are possible
- Points are lost for missing incomplete elements
E-Mail Ian Taggart!