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Pipe piling is a structural building material used to support and stabilize a building's foundation. When the soil below a building is loosely packed, it may not offer enough strength to keep the building stable over time. A pipe piling can be used to distribute the weight of the building deeper into the earth, where the soil is often more tightly packed. Pipe piles are also used to support exceptionally large or heavy buildings, where even standard soil cannot offer adequate support. Finally, a pipe piling may be required when the land area is too small to accommodate spread footers or foundations, forcing buildings to dig deeper to achieve sufficient ground stability.
Most forms of pipe piling consist of heavy-duty steel pipes, which are often galvanized with zinc to increase moisture and corrosion-resistance. When only a standard level of support is required, an open-ended pipe is often used. If additional support is required, these pipes may be capped with steel plates to form close-ended pilings. Installers can then fill the pipe with concrete and rebar to add extra strength and stability.
Piles are driven into the ground using large machines known as pile drivers. These machines contain hydraulic systems which exert extremely high levels of force to drive the piles into the ground. By driving the piles directly into the soil without drilling holes first, the soil itself helps to support and stabilize the piles. As the pile is driven underground, the soil is displaced, which increases friction and pressure around the pile to hold it in place.
Engineers and installers determine the placement for each pipe pile based on the building loads at various locations. A very heavy load, such as a piece of industrial equipment, may need to sit directly over a pile to ensure adequate support. When building loads are evenly distributed, installers may use a concrete pile cap to support the building. This allows the pipe pilings to be equally spaced below the building, then connected together with the pile cap to act as a large foundation system.
Each pipe piling must be carefully chosen based on building forces, soil conditions and local building codes. A geotechnical engineer can test the soil to determine whether piles are needed. The structural engineer then determines the size and material needed for each pipe piling, as well as the required depth. When a single pipe is not long enough to reach this depth, piles may be joined together using butt welds or splicing sleeves.
(This article comes from wiseGEEK editor released)
Driven sheet piles are thin interlocking steel sheets used to construct a continuous barrier in the ground. Interlock is typically achieved by clutching the edge of one pile into the previous pile.
A wide range of sheet pile sections and profiles are available from many steel manufacturers. c sections have a weaker interlock than hot-rolled sections. In hard driving conditions this interlock might "unzip" or cause alignment problems which would require replacement of the sheet piles. Cold-rolled sections also are usually thinner than hot rolled and thus may be more prone to overstressing during driving.
Sheet piled retaining walls are often restrained by use of internal propping, bracing, anchors or deadmen. It is often possible to extract and reuse sheet piles making this an economically attractive retaining wall system.
One of the main applications for sheet piles is for temporary retaining walls or cofferdams used to allow permanent in ground construction to be undertaken. The durability of sheet piles can be extended with protective coatings.
Driven sheet piles are often installed by vibrating hammers operated off leaders mounted on tracked base machines or suspended from crawler cranes. Diesel impact hammers and hydraulic press in machines can also be used to drive or push the piles into place. Sometimes water jetting or preboring is used to assist penetration through stiff or hard layers.
(This article comes from PILING CONTRACTORS editor released)
Most steel sheet piling is still designed using allowable stress design methods; thus, a factor of safety is usually specified that reduces the allowable stress in the pile from the yield stress. The allowable stress is thus
Equation 2-1: σallow = Freduction σy
- σallow = Allowable Stress of the Material
- Freduction = Reduction factor of safety
- σy = Yield Stress of the Material, psi or kPa
With steel piling in pure bending (see below), there are two reduction factors used:
For static loads, for permanent works the reduction factor is generally 0.65, or the allowable stress is 65% of the yield stress. For the grades listed above:
ASTM A328: σallow = (0.65)(39) ≈ 25 ksi
ASTM A572, ASTM A690: σallow = (0.65)(50) ≈ 32.5 ksi
For earthquake loads, the reduction factor is generally (1.33)(0.65) ≈ 0.87, or the allowable stress is 87% of the yield stress. Using this increased value for earthquake loads presupposes a static analysis to insure that the static case is not in fact the governing case for a particular situation. For the grades listed above:
ASTM A328: σallow = (0.87)(39) ≈ 34 ksi
ASTM A572, ASTM A690: σallow = (0.87)(50) ≈ 43.5 ksi
(This article comes from Pile Buck International editor released)
Sheet piling is a type of deep foundation used in construction work. As opposed to shallow foundation, deep foundations like sheet piling provide a more structurally sound design for large buildings and heavy loads.
Sheet Piling Design
- Sheet piles are long interlocking structural sections. With a vertical interlocking system, sheet piles create continuous walls for construction projects.
Sheet Piling Uses
- Sheet piles create an extended barrier from soil or water for either permanent or temporary use. The steel sheets resist the lateral bending forces, strengthening the overall foundational structure.
Temporary vs. Permanent
- Sheet piles can temporarily create access and a safe working environment for construction sites. Sheet piles are helpful in the permanent design of a building to create a basis for other foundational components.
(This article comes from eHow editor released)
City of Espoo in Finland is investing significantly in infrastructure in various locations. Areas around Leppävaara neighborhood have seen a lot of new development in the recent history. Besides of all new development one of the ongoing project is to upgrade the pedestrian street and market square of older commercial area. Civil engineering company E.M. Pekkinen is completing the scheme that includes sheet piling, other piling works, ground improvement, relocating utilities and finally paving and landscaping.
Most of the work is carried out in limited space with minimum disturbance to shops and other businesses along the pedestrian street. Excavations for utility works require temporary retaining walls. Installations of the sheet piles in these conditions and very close to building walls take both carefully chosen equipment and experienced personnel. E.M. Pekkinen is experienced piling and civil engineering provider.
(This article comes from MOVAX editor released)
If the soil behind a sheet pile wall is back filled in layers and subsequently compacted, the earth pressure on the wall at a certain depth below the surface of the back fill can exceed the active earth pressure due to self-weight in some circumstances.
DIN 4085:2007 provides design suggestions for applying the compaction pressure depending on the type of compaction (rolling or vibration) and the magnitude of the earth pressure (active earth pressure or steady-state earth pressure).
If the surface is subsequently loaded, e.g. by further layers of fill, the earth pressure due to compaction remains effective only to the extent that it exceeds the earth pressure due to addi-tional loads. From this it follows that in the majority of cases only the earth pressure due to compaction in the upper layers needs to be considered.
In sheet pile walls with different water levels on either side, the excess hydrostatic pressure is included in the sheet piling calculation as a characteristic action. The excess hydrostatic pressure wu at depth z of the sheet pile wall is calculated from the difference in the hydrostatic pressures on the two sides.
wu (z )= wr (z ) − wl (z )= hr (z ) · γw − hl (z ) · γw
Excess hydrostatic pressure assumptions for a wall in stationary water
If we neglect the flow around the sheet pile wall, e.g. if the sheet pile wall is embedded in an impermeable stratum, the result is an excess hydrostatic pressure with a triangular distribution in the region of the one-sided hydrostatic load and a constant load in the lower region down to the base of the sheet piling.
Weldinginvolves fusing together two identical or very similar steels to form one homogenous component, and this is done by melting them together at their interface through liquefaction or plastic deformation. This can be carried out with or without the addition of another material. Arc welding is a very common method (manual metal-arc welding, shielded metal-arc welding). In this method an electric arc is generated between an electrode, which supplies the welding material, and the component. The suitability for welding depends not only on the material, but also on its shape, the dimensions and the fabrication conditions. Killed steels should generally be preferred.
According to EAU 2004 section 184.108.40.206 (R 67), and taking into account general welding specifications, arc welding can be used for all the grades of steel used for sheet piles. The building authority approvals must be adhered to for high-strength steel grades S 390 GP and S 430 GP. In addition, the carbon equivalent CEV should not exceed the value for steel grade S 355 to DIN EN 10025 table 4 if welding is to be employed.
Furthermore, E


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Joining a multi academy trust is an important decision and one that should result from a period of careful consideration and discussions with a range of potential partners. We have found it helpful to be really clear on the things that we consider important in making these decisions, the first of which is by the far the most important.
Things to consider when joining a multi academy trust:
- Vision and values match with an unflinching determination to improve opportunities and outcomes for all children and young people.
- Consideration of why you want to join our Trust, how we can support your school and how you can contribute to the Trust.
- Willingness to undertake a thorough two-way due diligence process.
- Financial robustness.
- A desire to be part of a thriving community of senior and middle leaders.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Mouth organ
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Mouth organ (disambiguation).
A mouth organ is a generic term for free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with a free reed. [1] Though it spans many traditions, it is played universally the same way by the musician placing their lips over a chamber or holes in the instrument, and blowing or sucking air to create a sound.[2] Many of the chambers can be played together or each individually.
The mouth organ can be found all around the world and is known by many different names and seen in many different traditions. The most notable variations include the harmonica, the pan flute, and Asian free reed wind instruments consisting of a number of bamboo pipes of varying lengths fixed into a wind chest; these include the sheng, khaen, lusheng, yu, Shō, and saenghwang. The melodica, consisting of a single tube that is essentially blown through a keyboard, is another variation.
 1. ^ Miller, Terry. "Mouth Organ". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 26 Sep 2011.
 2. ^ Benyon, Ivor. = "Harmonica (i) Mouth Organ" Check |url= scheme (help). Grove Music Online. Retrieved 26 Sep 2011.


text: Through photographs, maps, and the writings of highly respected authors such as David Fromkin, Zahi Hawass, Sandra Mackey, and Milton Viorst, Cradle & Crucible details the historical, political, cultural, and religious forces that have shaped the region and unravels for readers the enigma that is the Middle East. Beginning with the prehistoric civilizations of the fertile crescent and continuing through the conflicts of the 20th and 21st centuries, the first section of the book distills the Middle East's sweeping, often turbulent history. From the Hittites to Alexander the Great, from the Romans to the Crusaders, from the Ottomans to the Imperialists, the Middle East's rich tapestry of influences and identities is described with new critical insights. The book's second section is devoted to the Middle East's three great faiths, examining in depth the impact of Muslim, Jewish, and Christian beliefs on history and daily life in the Middle East. Filled with photographs and maps that contribute to a visual understanding of the subject, Cradle & Crucible is a timely guide to this complex, enormously important area of the world.


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JNP Group provide expert geotechnical and environmental investigation and advice to a diverse range of clients in construction and industry. This enables us to provide comprehensive and cost effective solutions to development on contaminated and/or poor ground sites, utilising best practice for protection of the environment and inhabitants.
Contaminated Land Investigation, Assessment and Remediation
Contaminated land may present a hazard to the environment and/or human health. We are committed to providing cost effective solutions to the remediation of contaminated land prior to development. Faced with ever changing legislation, clients increasingly rely on our expertise to minimise risk and provide robust and cost effective solutions to their development problems.
Whether you are a landowner, a construction company, a property developer or financial institution JNP Group has the expertise to turn sites viewed as potential liabilities into commercial assets.
JNP Group offer the following services in contaminated land and landfill:
- Walkover surveys and desk top studies.
- Conceptual site model design.
- Ground investigations for geotechnical design and land quality.
- Human health, controlled waters and ecological quantitative risk assessment.
- Ground gas assessments.
- Options appraisal and remediation design.
- Waste classification of soils.
- Verification and validation.
- Japanese Knotweed identification and management of treatment options.
We recognise that contaminated land reclamation is much more than the remediation of contaminated soil and water, and so our team is skilled in a wide range of other services, including hydrogeology, sustainable urban drainage systems, infrastructure, flooding, noise reduction, air quality, structural engineering, roads and sewers design.
Additional environmental services provided by JNP Group include:
- Asbestos surveys, investigation and assessments.
- Baseline condition and closure/decommissioning.
- Construction environmental management plans.
- Compliance monitoring.
- Due diligence.
- Environmental permitting applications.
- Environmental impact assessments and environmental statements.
- Hydrogeological assessments.
- Specialist chemical testing.
- Third party review of reports.
- Water supply ground assessments and investigation.
JNP Group have experience of undertaking geotechnical appraisals for a wide range of development types on both greenfield and brownfield sites. Our specialists have experience in the following disciplines:
- Foundation design and analysis.
- Slope stability appraisal and analysis.
- Retaining wall design.
- Earthworks design and specification.
- Ground improvement design.
- In situ CBR testing and interpretation.
- Soakaway testing.
- Testing for the recycling of aggregates.
- Piling foundation risk assessment.
- Tree influence design.
- Coal mining investigation.
For further information on our wide range of Environmental services please contact
Hilary Ilsley: _EMAIL_ or on 01926 889955
For further information on our wide range of Geotechnical services please contact
Jeff Mosforth: _EMAIL_ or on 01926 889955


Overall Rating Gold - expired
Overall Score 67.42
Liaison Mary-Lee Townsend
Submission Date Oct. 6, 2014
Executive Letter Download
STARS v2.0
Western University
OP-19: Student Commute Modal Split
Status Score Responsible Party
Complete 1.84 / 2.00 Stefanie De Adder
Sustainability Coordinator
Facilities Management
Total percentage of students that use more sustainable commuting options:
The percentage of students that use each of the following modes as their primary means of transportation to get to and from campus::
Percentage (0-100)
Commute with only the driver in the vehicle (excluding motorcycles and scooters) 8.17
Walk, bicycle, or use other non-motorized means 38.72
Vanpool or carpool 4.04
Take a campus shuttle or public transportation 49.07
Use a motorcycle, scooter or moped 0
A brief description of the method(s) used to gather data about student commuting:
This question will now be included as part of the Sustainability Literacy Assessment and distributed to all students.
The website URL where information about sustainable transportation for students is available:


text:
Problem 367Published on Saturday, 14th January 2012, 10:00 pm; Solved by 247
Bozo sort, not to be confused with the slightly less efficient bogo sort, consists out of checking if the input sequence is sorted and if not swapping randomly two elements. This is repeated until eventually the sequence is sorted.
If we consider all permutations of the first 4 natural numbers as input the expectation value of the number of swaps, averaged over all 4! input sequences is 24.75.
The already sorted sequence takes 0 steps.
In this problem we consider the following variant on bozo sort.
If the sequence is not in order we pick three elements at random and shuffle these three elements randomly.
All 3!=6 permutations of those three elements are equally likely.
The already sorted sequence will take 0 steps.
If we consider all permutations of the first 4 natural numbers as input the expectation value of the number of shuffles, averaged over all 4! input sequences is 27.5.
Consider as input sequences the permutations of the first 11 natural numbers.
Averaged over all 11! input sequences, what is the expected number of shuffles this sorting algorithm will perform?
Give your answer rounded to the nearest integer.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Skip to Main Content
Forest management and nutrient cycling in eastern hardwoodsAuthor(s): James H. Patric; David W. Smith
Source: Res. Pap. NE-324. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 12p.
Publication Series: Research Paper (RP)
Station: Northeastern Research Station
PDF: View PDF (2.06 MB)
DescriptionThe literature was reviewed for reports on nutrient cycling in the eastern deciduous forest, particularly with respect to nitrogen, and for effects of forest management on the nutrient cycle. Although most such research has dealt with conifers, a considerable body of literature relates to hardwoods. Usually, only those references that dealt quantitatively with nutrient cycling were cited. The nutrient content of the forest stand is a relatively small part of the total nutrient pool contained in soil. Under the present practices of harvesting stem wood on a 50- to 100-year rotation, nutrient deficiency as a result of crop removal seems unlikely on most forest land. The probability of nutrient deficiency increases as the trend continues toward shorter rotations and more complete utilization of branchwood, thinnings, culls, and brush presently left on the site to nourish forest regeneration after cutting. Nutrient deficiencies that develop as a result of product harvest can be resolved by modifying cutting practices or by fertilization, or both.
- Check the Northern Research Station web site to request a printed copy of this publication.
- Our on-line publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat.
- During the capture process some typographical errors may occur.
CitationPatric, James H.; Smith, David W. 1975. Forest management and nutrient cycling in eastern hardwoods. Res. Pap. NE-324. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 12p.
- Nutrient Drain Associated with Hardwood Plantation Culture
- Impact of harvesting and atmospheric pollution on nutrient depletion of eastern US hardwood forests
- Acidic deposition and sustainable forest management in the central Appalachians, USA
XML: View XML


Naturally a healthy vagina is one with balance PH level (with healthy bacteria meant to keep infections at bay).
It's important to maintain a hygienic lifestyle as well as take in foods that benefits the body (as well as the vagina).
ALSO READ: 2 Great reasons NEVER to steam your vagina
For a healthy and PH balanced vagina, these foods help a lot:
A healthy vagina has a naturally acidic pH level and plenty of healthy bacteria to help ward off infections. Good hygiene and several foods can help keep your vagina healthy and your pH levels balanced.
1. Kale
Kale is great for vagina health because it's rich in Vitamins C and A that helps with immunity as well as proper blood circulation.
It is great to include Kale as part of a diet or combined with other leafy greens which works to keep the vagina lubricated as well as keep itching and dryness at bay!
2. Garlic
Garlic smells funny but it's filled with anti fungal and antimicrobial nutrients that helps keep infections as well as vaginal discharges, itching/burning away from it!
Add garlic to your diets or eat it raw daily if the smell isn't a turn off.
ALSO READ: 5 easy ways to care for your vagina
3. Lemon
Lemons contain antioxidants that helps both vaginal health by providing a balance of the pH level and healthy vagina needs. Lemon also works to help keep infection at bay.
Drinking lemon water daily/early in the morning helps the body and by extension the vagina.
4. Yoghurt
Yoghurt -especially Greek yoghurt is great for overall vagina health as it keeps the vagina's acid level just as it should be. Yoghurt is known to provide the 'good bacteria' in the vagina.


text: Nyangku traditional ceremony is a tradition which has existed since the Kingdom of Panjalu. Until now, the tradition is still conducted every year by Panjalu people. The Nyangku tradition is carried out on Monday or Thursday of the month of Maulud (Rabiul Awal) in an Islamic calendar. The aim is to commemorate the birth of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W which falls on the month of Rabiul Awal. Besides, the Nyangku tradition is conducted to commemorate Prabu Sanghyang Borosngora service, the King of Panjalu who was a follower and spreading out Islam teachings in Panjalu. Nyangku comes from Arabic language, 'Yanko' meaning to clean. But, Sundanese people pronounce the word of 'Yanko' becoming 'Nyangku'. The point of the tradition is to clean heirloom objects which belonged to Panjalu kingdom. In the past, the family of Panjalu descent provided ingredients for Nyangku ceremony, such as red rice which must be peeled by hand. The red rice was used as ingredient to make Tumpeng and offerings. Tumpeng is a cone-shaped rice dish with additional dishes of vegetables and meat. To peel un-hulled red rice has been begun since the date of 1st Maulud until one day before the implementation of the ceremony. Nyangku ritual stars by making pilgrimage to the king cemetery at Situ Lengkong, Panjalu. The ceremony usually starts at around 07.30 A.M. local time by putting out the heirloom objects from place, namely Bumi Alit. Afterwards, the heirloom objects are carried by being picked up by the descent of Panjalu king to Nusa Gede. Arriving at Situ Lengkong, the carriers of the heirloom objects which wear Moeslim and Sundanese clothes, cross by boat to Nusa Larang. Then, the heirloom objects are paraded to small building at Nusa Larang. The carriers of the heirloom objects are accompanied with tambourines rhythm and Shalawat or prayers to the main stage where the ceremony is held to clean the heirloom objects. Thus, the heirloom objects are put on special mattress. And one by one, the heirloom objects begin to be opened from its wrapping. Then, they are cleaned immediately by using water from 7 springs and added with lime water. Washing the heirloom objects starts from Prabu Sanghyang Borosngora sword. After that, it is continued with the others. After finish, those heirloom objects are smeared with special coconut oil. And then, they are wrapped again with young coconut leaves and wrapped again with 7 layers of white clothes and tied with thread. Afterwards, it is dried by using smoke of frankincense and being paraded to be stored again at Pasucian Bumi Alit.


9 ate 7 Productions
Digital Archiving System
When starting production on the first season of Peg + Cat, the creative team's plan was to implement a strong digital archive system, one that carefully cataloged every asset created for the show. But because of budget restrictions it was decided to due without. Halfway through the season though, the team found themselves struggling to locate assets, recreating files that already existed, and wasting valuable time and resources.
Moving into production on the second season, it was a hugh priority to correct this. A digital archivst from Winthrop instantly understood the problem and carefully mapped out a thoughtful plan that would catalogue all pre-existing files, and organize all future assets. Within a few weeks Winthrop had captured descriptive metadata for thousands of backgrounds, props, character files and effects.
Now the digital archive is used on an hourly basis and spans multiple departments. Production team members use it when creating lists for new stories, when gathering new elements for ancillary projects and when searching for specific reusable files. Without a doubt, the fully functioning digital archive helped streamline production.


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One interpretation often given is that if a plane surface contains two points, then it contains the line connecting the two points. If that were the meaning, then it would be just as well to make that the explicit definition or to make it a postulate. But that does not seem to be Euclid's intent. His proposition XI.7 has a detailed proof that the line joining two points on two parallel lines lies in the plane of the two parallel lines. No proof at all would be necessary if that line were by definition or by postulate contained in a plane that contained its ends.
Note that a plane surface may be infinite, but needn't be infinite. It can be a square, a circle, or any other plane figure (Def.I.19).
There are no postulates in the Elements for the existance of plane surfaces, either finite or infinite. Post.3 says circles can be drawn, but a ambient plane is implicitly required there. Rectilinear figures are assumed to exist once the bounding lines have been constructed, but again, a plane is presumed to exist first. Throughout Books I through IV and Book VI, the books on plane geometry, there is the implicit assumption of one plane in which all the points, lines, and circles lie. In the books on solid geometry, Books XI through XIII, there is sometimes mentioned a "plane of reference," and proposition XI.2 claims that two intersecting lines determine a plane as does any triangle (but its proof fails completely).
Next definition: I.Def.8


text:
3.2.8 Mathematical Constants
Euler's constant EulerGamma is given by the limit. It appears in many integrals, and asymptotic formulas. It is sometimes known as the Euler-Mascheroni constant, and denoted.
Catalan's constant Catalan is given by the sum. It often appears in asymptotic estimates of combinatorial functions.
Khinchin's constant Khinchin (sometimes called Khintchine's constant) is given by. It gives the geometric mean of the terms in the continued fraction representation for a typical real number.
Glaisher's constant Glaisher (sometimes called the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant) satisfies, where is the Riemann zeta function. It appears in various sums and integrals, particularly those involving gamma and zeta functions.
Mathematical constants can be evaluated to arbitrary precision.
In:= N[EulerGamma, 40]
Exact computations can also be done with them.
THIS IS DOCUMENTATION FOR AN OBSOLETE PRODUCT.
SEE THE DOCUMENTATION CENTER
FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION.


text: A novel form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated copper(I) oxide nanoparticle (Cu2O-NP) was prepared and used to catalyze azide-alkyne click reactions in water under aerobic conditions. The nanoparticles were well dispersed in aqueous solutions and have a size of 20±10 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses demonstrated that the main content of Cu2O-NP is copper(I). The cytotoxicity of it was evaluated by an in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and its catalytic efficiency for azide-alkyne click reactions was studied in water and organic solvents at physiological temperatures. Our results indicate that Cu2O-NP is more efficient in catalytic reactions in water for both aliphatic and aromatic azides and alkynes and less toxic than the commonly used CuSO4/reductant catalyst systems.


text:
Veritas NetBackup™ Upgrade Guide
- About changes in NetBackup 8.1.2
- Planning for an upgrade
- Master server upgrade
- Media server upgrade
- MSDP upgrade for NetBackup
- NetBackup Deployment Management with VxUpdate
- Appendix A. Reference
- About the NetBackup web user interface
About MSDP rolling data conversion
NetBackup 8.0 introduced the AES encryption algorithm to replace the existing Blowfish algorithm. NetBackup 8.1 introduces the SHA-2 fingerprint algorithm to replace the existing MD5-like algorithm. The upgrades to both the encryption and the fingerprint algorithms are designed to enhance data security.
The environments that are upgraded to NetBackup 8.1 may include Blowfish encrypted data and the MD5-like fingerprints that need to be converted to the new format. To handle the conversion and secure the data, a new internal task converts the current data container to the AES encryption and the SHA-2 fingerprint algorithm. This new task is referred to as the rolling data conversion.
Rolling data conversion traverses all existing data containers. If the data is encrypted with the Blowfish algorithm, the data is re-encrypted with the AES algorithm. Then a new SHA-2 fingerprint is generated. After the conversion, the data container has a new file with a
.map extension, in addition to the
.bin files. The
.map file contains the mapping between the SHA-2 and the MD5-like fingerprints. The
.bhd file includes the SHA-2 fingerprints.
In a new installation of NetBackup 8.1, the rolling data conversion is marked as Finished and doesn't start in the future. For an upgrade to NetBackup 8.1, the rolling data conversion is enabled by default and works in the background after the MSDP conversion completes. Only the data that existed before upgrade is converted. All new data uses the new SHA-2 fingerprint and does not need conversion.
You can manage and monitor the rolling data conversion using the crcontrol command. More information about its use is available.
See the NetBackup Deduplication Guide and the NetBackup Commands Reference Guide.


Choropleth Map
Choropleth maps depict variations in spatial data by shading geographic areas according to a statistical measure. They make use of a gradient of hue, value, and texture, and often follow pre-defined geographic boundaries such as census tracts, cities, states, or countries.
The choropleth map can represent various values including percentages, percentiles, rates, integers, and fractions by grouping these values into graduated categories (from small to large etc.).
Raw data must be linked spatially to areas on a map, and categorized into brackets or organized using break points. Common groupings include equal intervals, quantiles, jenks, and natural breaks.
Choropleth maps utilize a gradient of colors, values or patterns to represent the spectrum of values across an area for a given variable. An increase in the statistical value of measure is reflected by a proportionate change in value or texture of the fill in the geographic area of the map.
Good Examples
CNN - Life Expectancy
Quartz - Donald Trump's "mean, mean mean" health care bill is meanest to his most crucial voters (Bivariate choropleth map)
Urban Displacement Project - Displacement Typologies in the Bay Area
Bad Examples
Too many patterns - Map of the US state populations using country flags with comparable population size
Non-intuitive color scheme - Population of the US by State
Misleading due to lack of normalization - population by census block group
choropleth map | Society of American Archivists
Society of American Archivists
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text:
SCIENCE MEDICINES HEALTH
EPAR summary for the public
This is a summary of the European public assessment report (EPAR) for Actraphane. It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the medicine to reach its opinion in favour of granting a marketing authorisation and its recommendations on the conditions of use for Actraphane.
What is Actraphane?
Actraphane is a suspension for injection that contains the active substance human insulin. It is available as vials, cartridges (Penfill) or prefilled pens (InnoLet or FlexPen). Actraphane contains both fast-acting (soluble) and long-acting (isophane) insulin:
- Actraphane 30: soluble insulin 30% and isophane insulin 70%;
- Actraphane 40: soluble insulin 40% and isophane insulin 60%;
- Actraphane 50: soluble insulin 50% and isophane insulin 50%.
What is Actraphane used for?
Actraphane is used to treat diabetes.
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription.
How is Actraphane used?
Actraphane is given by injection under the skin in the thigh, the abdominal wall (at the front of the waist), the gluteal region (buttocks) or the deltoid region (shoulder). The injection site should be changed for each injection. The patient's blood glucose (sugar) should be tested regularly to find the lowest effective dose.
An agency of the European Union
© European Medicines Agency, 2015. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
The usual dose is between 0.3 and 1.0 international units (IU) per kilogram body weight per day. Actraphane is given 30 minutes before a meal. It is usually given once or twice a day when a rapid initial effect together with a more long-lasting effect is needed.
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin to control the blood glucose or when the body is unable to use insulin effectively. Actraphane is a replacement insulin which is very similar to the insulin made by the pancreas.
The active substance in Actraphane, human insulin, is produced by a method known as'recombinant technology': the insulin is made by yeast cells into which a gene (DNA) has been introduced, which makes them able to produce insulin. Actraphane contains insulin in two forms: a soluble form, which acts quickly (within 30 minutes of injection) and an isophane form, which is absorbed much more slowly during the day. This gives Actraphane a longer duration of action. The replacement insulin acts in same way as naturally produced insulin and helps glucose enter cells from the blood. By controlling the blood glucose, the symptoms and complications of diabetes are reduced.
Actraphane has been studied in a total of 294 patients with type 1 diabetes, when the pancreas cannot produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes, when the body is unable to use insulin effectively. About one-third of the patients had type 1 diabetes and the remainder had type 2 diabetes. The study compared Actraphane 30 to a similar mix, but made up using an insulin analogue (insulin aspart). The study measured the level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc) after 12 weeks, which is the percentage of haemoglobin in the blood that has glucose attached. HbA1c gives an indication of how well the blood glucose is controlled.
Actraphane led to a decrease in the level of HbA1c, indicating that blood glucose levels had been controlled to a similar level to that seen with other human insulin. Actraphane was effective for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The most common side effect with Actraphane (seen in more than 1 patient in 10) is hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels). For the full list of all side effects and restrictions, see the package leaflet.
The CHMP decided that Actraphane's benefits are greater than its risks and recommended that it be given marketing authorisation.
A risk management plan has been developed to ensure that Actraphane is used as safely as possible. Based on this plan, safety information has been included in the summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet for Actraphane, including the appropriate precautions to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients.
The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Actraphane on 7 October 2002.
The full EPAR for Actraphane can be found on the Agency's website: _URL_ medicine/Human medicines/European Public Assessment Reports. For more information about treatment with Actraphane, read the package leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist.
This summary was last updated in 11-2013.


text:
delta is requested?
Via the status of the last delta in the BW Request Monitor. If the request is RED, the next load will be of type 'Repeat'. If you need to repeat the last load for certain reasons, set the request in the monitor to red manually. For the contents of the repeat see Question 14. Delta requests set to red despite of data being already updated lead to duplicate records in a subsequent repeat, if they have not been deleted from the data targets concerned before.
82.Are there particular recommendations regarding the data volume the DeltaQueue may grow to without facing the danger of a read failure due to memory problems?
There is no strict limit (except for the restricted number range of the 24-digit QCOUNT counter in the LUW management table – which is of no practical importance, however – or the restrictions regarding the volume and number of records in a database table).
When estimating "smooth" limits, both the number of LUWs is important and the average data volume per LUW. As a rule, we recommend to bundle data (usually documents) already when writing to the DeltaQueue to keep number of LUWs small (partly this can be set in the applications, e.g. in the Logistics Cockpit). The data volume of a single LUW should not be considerably larger than 10% of the memory available to the work process for data extraction (in a 32-bit architecture with a memory volume of about 1GByte per work process, 100 Mbytes per LUW should not be exceeded). That limit is of rather small practical importance as well since a comparable limit already applies when writing to the DeltaQueue. If the limit is observed, correct reading is guaranteed in most cases.
If the number of LUWs cannot be reduced by bundling application transactions, you should at least make sure that the data are fetched from all connected BWs as quickly as possible. But for other, BW-specific, reasons, the frequency should not be higher than one DeltaRequest per hour.
To avoid memory problems, a program-internal limit ensures that never more than 1 million LUWs are read and fetched from the database per DeltaRequest. If this limit is reached within a request, the DeltaQueue must be emptied by several successive DeltaRequests. We recommend, however, to try not to reach that limit but trigger the fetching of data from the connected BWs already when the number of LUWs reaches a 5-digit value.
83.I would like to display the date the data was uploaded on the report. Usually, we load the transactional data nightly. Is there any easy way to include this information on the report for users? So that they know the validity of the report.
If I understand your requirement correctly, you want to display the date on which data was loaded into the data target from which the report is being executed. If it is so, configure your workbook to display the text elements in the report. This displays the relevance of data field, which is the date on which the data load has taken place.
84.Can we load data directly into infoobject with out extraction is it possible.
Yes. We can copy from other infoobject if it is same. We load data from PSA if it is already in PSA.
85.HOW MANY DAYS CAN WE KEEP THE DATA IN PSA, IF WE R SHEDULED DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY.
We can set the time.
86.HOW CAN U GET THE DATA FROM CLIENT IF U R WORKING ON OFFSHORE PROJECTS. THROUGH WHICH NETWORK.
VPN.Virtual Private Network, VPN is nothing but one sort of network where we can connect to the client systems sitting in offshore through RAS (Remote access server).
87.THERE is one ODS AND 4 INFOCUBES. WE SEND DATA AT TIME TO ALL CUBES IF ONE CUBE GOT LOCK ERROR. HOW CAN U RECTIFY THE ERROR?
Go to TCode sm66 then see which one is locked select that pid from there and goto sm12 TCode then unlock it this is happened when lock errors are occurred when u scheduled.
88.Can anybody tell me how to add a navigational attribute in the BEx report in the rows?
Expand dimension under left side panel (that is infocube panel) select than navigational attributes drag and drop under rows panel.
89.WHAT IS TRANSACTIONAL CUBE?
Transactional InfoCubes differ from standard InfoCubes in that the former have an improved write access performance level. Standard InfoCubes are technically optimized for read-only access and for a comparatively small number of simultaneous accesses. Instead, the transactional InfoCube was developed to meet the demands of SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM), meaning that, data is written to the InfoCube (possibly by several users at the same time) and re-read as soon as possible. Standard Basic cubes are not suitable for this.
90.I am not able to access a node in hierarchy directly using variables for reports. When I am using Tcode RSZV it is giving a message that it doesn't exist in BW 3.0 and it is embedded in BEx. Can any one tell me the other options to get the same functionality in BEx?
Tcode RSZV is used in the earlier version of 3.0B only. From 3.0B onwards, it's possible in the Query Designer (BEx) itself. Just right click on the InfoObject for which you want to use as variables and precede further selecting variable type and processing types.
91.What is ODS?
An ODS object acts as a storage location for consolidated and cleaned-up transaction data (transaction data or master data, for example) on the document (atomic) level.
This data can be evaluated using a BEx query.Standard ODS Object
Transactional ODS object:The data is immediately available here for reporting. For implementation, compare with the Transactional ODS Object.
A transactional ODS object differs from a standard ODS object in the way it prepares data. In a standard ODS object, data is stored in different versions ((new) delta, active, (change log) modified), where as a transactional ODS object contains the data in a single version. Therefore, data is stored in precisely the same form in which it was written to the transactional ODS object by the application. In BW, you can use a transaction ODS object as a data target for an analysis process.
The transactional ODS object is also required by diverse applications, such as SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM) for example, as well as other external applications.
Transactional ODS objects allow data to be available quickly. The data from this kind of ODS object is accessed transactionally, that is, data is written to the ODS object (possibly by several users at the same time) and reread as soon as possible.
It offers no replacement for the standard ODS object. Instead, an additional function displays those that can be used for special applications.
The transactional ODS object simply consists of a table for active data. It retrieves its data from external systems via fillor deleteAPIs. The loading process is not supported by the BW system. The advantage to the way it is structured is that data is easy to access. They are made available for reporting immediately after being loaded.
92.What does InfoCube contains?
Each InfoCube has one FactTable & a maximum of 16 (13+3 system defined, time, unit & data packet) dimensions.
93.What does FACT Table contain?
A FactTable consists of KeyFigures.Each Fact Table can contain a maximum of 233 key figures.Dimension can contain up to 248 freely available characteristics.
94.How many dimensions are in a CUBE?
16 dimensions. (13 user defined & 3 system pre-defined [time, unit & data packet])
95.What does SID Table contain?
SID keys linked with dimension table & master data tables (attributes, texts, hierarchies)
96.What does ATTRIBUTE Table contain?
Master attribute data
97.What does TEXT Table contain?
Master text data, short text, long text, medium text & language key if it is language dependent
98.What does Hierarchy table contain?
Master hierarchy data
99.As to where in BW do you go to add a character like a ; # so that BW will accept it. This is transaction data which loads fine in the PSA but not the data target.
Check transaction SPRO —Then click the "Goggles"-Button => BusinessInformation Warehouse => Global Settings => 2nd point in the list. I hope you can use my "Guide" (my BW is in german, so i don't know all the english descriptions).
100.When are Dimension ID's created?
When Transaction data is loaded into InfoCube.
101.When are SID's generated?
When Master data loaded into Master Tables (Attr, Text, Hierarchies).
102.How would we delete the data in ODS?
By request IDs, Selective deletion & change log entry deletion.
103.How would we delete the data in change log table of ODS?
Context menu of ODS Ã¢ ' Manage Ã¢ ' Environment Ã¢ ' change log entries.
104.Different types of Attributes?
Navigational attribute, Display attributes, Time dependent attributes, Compounding attributes, Transitive attributes, Currency attributes.


text:
In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon Frederick McCubbin revisits a central theme in his oeuvre: the activities of children in the Australian bush. He had previously painted scenes of children lost in the bush – narratives of innocence and vulnerability within the landscape. McCubbin also explored the magical worlds invented by children through storytelling and imagination. In works such as What the little girl saw in the bush 1904 (private collection, reproduced p. 28) he sought to capture ideas of creative freedom and expression that children unselfconsciously bring to their surrounds.
In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon a young girl wanders through the bush carrying a basket, possibly collecting wildflowers or berries. She is small beside the large trees and thick growth, her white dress setting her apart from her environment. McCubbin has paid close attention to the study of dappled light through trees and foliage. Areas of the canvas appear abstracted and flecks of colour are layered over each other using a palette knife. Moving back from the work the scene comes into focus – a glorious image of gold, pink and violet; bracken, bark and gum.
Girl in forest, Mount Macedon depicts the bush close to 'Fontainebleau', the McCubbin's residence at Mount Macedon about 60 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. The child in the image is the artist's youngest daughter, Kathleen, who posed for her father numerous times.


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Hi there,
I want to ask about the 2-cycle of K3 surface.
As we know, its betti number $b_2$=22, so there will be 22 2-cycle generators.
Is there any topological way to figure out such cycles direct?
For example, in the best case, if the K3 surface is elliptic and has a global section, can we use combinations of fibre and section to represent all the 22 2-cycles?
share|improve this question
Jay, the fibers and a section of a fibration are algebraic curves, so anything you can generate will be inside the Picard group. So, in any case, the maximum rank you can get this way is 20, but in most cases much smaller. – Sándor Kovács Jun 29 '12 at 5:07
_USER_'andor -- What about supersingular K3 surfaces? – Jason Starr Jun 30 '12 at 16:13
I suspect that the questioner was interested in the complex case, but I could be wrong. – Donu Arapura Jun 30 '12 at 18:59
In the third paragraph of _URL_ you'll find an explicit example of a K3 surface over $\mathbb{Q}$, with an elliptic fibration, such that the rank generated by a section and components of fibers is $20$, that is the maximum in characteristic $0$. – Olivier Benoist Feb 7 '13 at 8:54
3 Answers 3
up vote 15 down vote accepted
I think the easiest place to see the $22$ is in a Kummer surface. Let $A$ be an abelian surface, so topologically $(S^1)^4$. This clearly has $h_2 = \binom{4}{2} = 6$, and there are obvious topological repreentatives for the $2$-cycles, given by $(S^1)^2$ in $6$ different ways.
Let $X$ be the quotient of $A$ by negation. This has $16$ singular points; the images of the $16$ $2$-torsion points of $A$. Let $Y$ be $X$ blown up at these $16$ points. Then $H_2(Y)$ is (ADDED rationally, see below) generated by the pushforwards of the $6$ $2$-cycles from $A$, and the $16$ $\mathbb{P}^1$'s introduced by resolving the singularities. $6+16=22$.
share|improve this answer
There is only one problem with this: The (integer) lattice generated by all of these is not all of $H_2(Y)$. The resulting integer lattice of is index $2^{22}$; see the book Compact Complex Surfaces by Barth, Peters and Van de Ven. – Simon Rose Jun 29 '12 at 21:30
we lose some data there? – Jay Jun 30 '12 at 14:39
Essentially, yes. This is a great way to find rational generators, but it doesn't give integral ones. One quick way to see that is to look at the intersection form: For a K3 surface, the intersection form is $2E_8 \oplus 3H$, whereas the intersection form for the lattice generated by these classes is much simpler (for example, the 16 singular points are all (-2)-curves which intersect no other classes given). – Simon Rose Jun 30 '12 at 17:17
You could try Aspinwall's paper:
"K3 Surfaces and String Duality" _URL_
Sections 2.3 and 2.5 are relevant to your question.
share|improve this answer
i find a paper by Michael B. Schulz and Elliott F. Tammaro: _URL_
from page. 11, it gives an explicit description these cycles from the point of view of the resolution of $T^4/Z_2$, seems great!
share|improve this answer
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text:
Perhaps the prettiest sight in the kitchen is homemade jelly—there is nothing like a row of clear translucent, stained-glass colors to warm a housewife's (or husband's) heart and enrich the family table.
What is Jelly?
Jelly contains just the juice of a fruit, whereas jam and preserves consist of bits and pieces of the fruit itself. This is why jelly is so smooth compared to jam and can easily be spread with a spoon.
Jelly Making Tips
- Jellies generally use the whole fruit, including the peel and core which contain a lot of pectin, the natural sugar within a fruit to make it JELL.
- When making jelly, use open stainless-steel cookware and add only the amount of water called for by the recipe. Too much water will scorch the fruit. Cover, bring to boil and cook the fruit until it is soft and the juices are flowing (berries only need a couple minutes; hard fruit like apples may need anywhere from 15 to 30 minutes).
- Suspend a jelly bag (or a cheesecloth) over a colander over a large bowl, and pour the cooked fruit into the bag. For the best results, let it sit overnight. If you squeeze the bag to extract the juice faster, you'll still get good juice, but it will be cloudy, and so will your jelly.
- Remember: acid thickens the juice while pectin will jell the juice when it is cooked. With some fruits, the extracted juice will contain all of the necessary ingredients without supplement, like tart apples, blackberries, and some grapes. With others, such as apricots, peaches, and raspberries, you will have to add either acid, pectin, or both. Additional pectin must be added to these types of fruits to make them jell properly. You can buy artificial pectin at your local grocery store (available in both powdered and liquid form), and be sure to follow the manufacturer's directions. You can use lemon juice as a substitute for acid.
- Don't forget sugar! Sugar increases the volume of the juice, sweetens it, sets the gel, and helps prevent mold and fermentation. Low-pectin fruit jelly can be made by combining the low-pectin juice with apple, half and half, and using 2/3 cup of sugar for each cup of juice. If you are using blueberries or strawberries, add 1 tablespoon lemon juice for every 2 cups of jelly juice.
- From the exact combination of juice, acid, pectin, and sugar to the temperature you heat your jelly to, everything has to be exact. In general, when no added pectin is used, the jelly stage is reached at 8°F above the boiling point of water. The boiling point for water is about 212°F at 1,000 feet or less. You can use a candy thermometer to determine the actual temperature at which water breaks into a boil in your own kitchen.
- There are several ways you can test whether or not your jelly is jelled. Use a candy thermometer, but if you don't have one, take a spoonful of the juice five minutes after you've added the sugar, let it cool for a minute, then tip the spoon back into the kettle. If the juice runs together at the edge and "sheets" off the spoon, then you're ready to pour. Also, you could take a saucer of the juice and stick it in the freezer for a few minutes. If it firms in that time, you're good to go.
- Wash and sterilize your jars and caps beforehand by heating a pot of cold water that is gradually brought to a boiling point. Turn off the heat and leave the glasses in the pot until you are ready to use them (they should still be hot when you pour in the jelly). Drain the glasses and place them on a level surface.
- Skim the foam of the jelly, and ladle it into your jars as soon as it is ready. Be careful not to slop any over the sides. If you do, wipe it off before you put the tops on. After you pour the jelly, stir it around once with a teaspoon to eliminate air bubbles.
Of course, these are general guidelines one can follow while making jelly, but you should always follow the recipe. What? You don't have a jelly recipe? Borrow one of ours!
- Basic Apple or Crab Apple Jelly
- Grape Jelly
- Venison Jelly (Spiced Grape Jelly)
- October Jelly (Spiced Grape Jelly)
- Cranberry Jelly
- Mint Jelly with Vinegar
- Ruth Feeney's Blackberry Jelly
- Fresh Mint Jelly
- Blackberry Crab-Apple Jelly
- Crab-Apple Jelly
- Dandelion Jelly
- Tammy's Apple Jelly
Want more jelly recipes? Browse our Almanac Recipe archives!


text:
This book presents a study of the nature and origins of the dominant postwar approach to strategic nuclear arms control in an attempt to clarify it, distinguish it from others, and begin to explain the qualities which made it so attractive and eventually so widely accepted.
Table of Contents
Part One: Delimiting the Approach 1. Introduction 2. The Cambridge Approach Part Two: Arms Control as Political Instrument 3. The Age of Atomic Innocence 4. The Open World: Arms Control as an Instrument for Achieving Long-Term Political Stability Part Three: Arms Control as Security Instrument 5. From the Age of Innocence to the Balance of Terror: Nuclear Arms Control Thought Comes of Age Introduction 6. Arms Control Theorists of the 1950s Introduction 7. The Cambridge Approach Revisited and Reviewed the Theoretical Joining


Business, Finance & Economics
$2750 a month for every adult, guaranteed? Switzerland's considering it
Five cent coins are pictured in the air in front of the Federal Palace in Bern, Switzerland, during an event organized by the committee proposing a minimum monthly household income of 2,500 Swiss francs for every adult citizen living in Switzerland.
Denis Balibouse/Reuters
Here's a deal: Each month the Swiss government will send every adult a check for about 2,500 swiss francs (roughly $2,750) — no matter their need or income.
Player utilities
At least, that's the proposal before the Swiss people.
In response to growing economic inequality, a grassroots movement in Switzerland collected the 100,000 signatures needed to secure a national referendum on their basic income proposal. Swiss law states any petition that receives at least 100,000 signatures will be voted on nationally.
"It is not as kooky as it sounds," says Karl Widerquist, a Georgetown University professor who has researched basic income policy for a decade. "It's the idea of putting a floor under people's income, the idea that income doesn't have to start at zero."
Basic income is a social security system in which the government regularly gives each citizen a sum of money — with no conditions.
Widerquist points to one example of a similar system here in the United States. With Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend, the government divides up some of the state's yearly oil revenue and gives a portion to each resident. The amount fluctuates year to year, from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand.
But the proposed measure in Switzerland would be much greater, adding up to more than $30,000 in guaranteed annual income for each adult.
In recent studies in Africa and India, Widerquist said giving people unconditional monetary gifts often increases labor.
"A basic income, in a way, frees you to improve your skills and your efforts and do something that actually makes a bigger contribution to economy," he says.
No date has been set for the national referendum on Switzerland's guaranteed income proposal.


text:
Businesses that handle numerous transactions on a daily basis know that making several crypto transactions in a short period of time can be tricky. In fact, it can take half an hour to send a dozen of crypto transactions. NOWPayments offers its Mass Payments feature that greatly facilitates the process of sending multiple crypto transactions for users. For instance, businesses that pay their employees crypto rewards or salaries can particularly benefit from Mass Payments. Check the article to learn about the benefits of Mass Payments and how to deploy this feature.
- Mass Payments involve sending multiple crypto transactions.
- NOWPayments' Mass Payments tool saves your time and money.
- Any business and individual can integrate the Mass Payments feature.
What is mass payment?
The Mass Payments feature is a special tool provided by NOWPayments to users that want to make multiple cryptocurrency transactions in an efficient and reliable way. The Mass Payments solution lets users avoid the need to manually conduct each transaction and spend their valuable time on such mundane tasks. Instead, they can simply allocate this work to NOWPayments. Basically, the Mass Payments tool automates the process of sending crypto transactions and saves your time and money.
How do mass payments work?
The Mass Payments feature works in the following way. Users deposit cryptocurrency of their choice into their accounts. Next, they specify the crypto addresses and the amounts of crypto they need to receive. Then, NOWPayments will take care of the rest and will conduct the transactions automatically.
What are advantages of NOWPayments mass payments?
Businesses and services that use crypto extensively encounter an unpleasant situation each time they need to send multiple payments. Basically, they are forced to make payments separately. This causes them to pay a network fee for each transaction.
The fee expenses may be quite small, but over time they add up and turn into massive costs for the company. The most popular cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, are known for their high fees, so expenses can be quite substantial for businesses. NOWPayments enables companies to solve this problem and reduce their fee expenses. The Mass Payments tool allows businesses to put many small transactions into one batch and thus minimize costs.
Putting multiple transactions into one batch also can greatly save businesses' time. Moreover, given the fact that NOWPayments automates the entire process, they will not even need to spend their time on making transactions at all. When businesses decide to make transactions separately, they end up spending a great deal of their time on ensuring that every transaction reaches its recipient. NOWPayments allows businesses to avoid the need to engage in a prolonged process of sending transactions. Instead, they can simply specify recipients' crypto addresses and let NOWPayments do the rest.
Large selection of cryptocurrencies
Another advantage of NOWPayments and its Mass Payments tool is the availability of a long list of cryptocurrencies. Basically, you can deposit more than 100 different cryptocurrencies, from Bitcoin to KISHU. You can even choose several coins, there is no limit. This is particularly important for businesses that deal with cryptocurrencies. NOWPayments lets them avoid the need to convert their cryptocurrencies to other ones.
Moreover, businesses and individuals using the Mass Payments feature also do not need to manually convert their coins to those which they wish to send to their recipients. Essentially, the built-in conversion function allows them to deposit any coin they possess and make a payment in the one that they choose. For instance, you may have some altcoins lying around in your wallet, but your recipient wants to get their payment in Bitcoin. Just tell NOWPayments to convert your coin to Bitcoin and make the transaction without any hassle.
Privacy of clients is important for NOWPayments. This is why NOWPayments does not ask its partners to undergo KYC verification when they use its crypto payment tools. Businesses can use the Mass Payments tool effortlessly and anonymously without disclosing their private information to NOWPayments or other third parties.
This is useful for businesses that want to protect their financial information and that of their employees. Additionally, cryptocurrencies themselves are anonymous. So, by using the Mass Payments solution to pay crypto salaries, your competitors will be unlikely to discover how much you pay your workers.
Unlimited number of recipients
There are also no restrictions when it comes to the number of recipients. Basically, you can choose any number of deposit addresses to which you want to send cryptocurrency, and NOWPayments will conduct all transactions as fast as possible. No matter how large your company is and how many people you want to send crypt to, NOWPayments is ready to accommodate any of your needs.
Finally, the Mass Payments tool is simply a much more convenient way of making multiple transactions compared to the conventional method. By using Mass Payments, you can avoid filling out forms and completing other tedious tasks such as specifying gas fees for each transaction. So, NOWPayments' Mass Payments is a guaranteed way for you to work less and spend fewer resources and concentrate your efforts on other important activities.
How to deploy mass payments with NOWPayments
NOWPayments' has an extensive selection of crypto payment tools. The Mass Payments feature is one of them. It is perfect for businesses wishing to facilitate the process of sending different types of crypto payments, such as salaries. Follow these steps to start sending mass crypto payments:
- First, you need to create a NOWPayments account.
- Then, go to the settings and generate an API key.
- Next, fill in a Survey for mass payouts requests
- Send a written request to activate mass payouts from your registered email to our email [email protected]. Please note, that NOWPayments accepts all requests ONLY from your registration email for safety reasons
- After you set up Mass Payments, deposit your cryptocurrency into your account.
- Go to the Balances section and click on "Create Mass payout" button
- Upload the.csv file with the wallet addresses and the amount you want them to receive.
- Click "Proceed."
- NOWPayments will send all these payments to the recipients automatically.
NOWPayments' Mass Payments feature enables businesses and individuals to send multiple crypto transactions in one batch. This substantially reduces the cost of fees and decreases transaction processing time.


text:
Dokusan/Daisan: Face to Face Teachings with a Teacher
The teacher-student relationship is considered to be one of the most vital aspects of our practice. These personal interactions have been valued and emphasized since the time of the Buddha. They are essential for a teacher to see where a student is in his or her practice. Dokusan is a meeting between a fully transmitted teacher (Sensei or Roshi) and a student. Daisan is a meeting between an Assitant Teacher (Hoshi) and a student. These are meant to be brief and to the point encounters, 5 to 10 minutes. It is not a time for visiting or doing psychotherapy. It is an opportunity to discuss your meditation practice, work with a koan, or simply be with the teacher. An interview is a time to present one's understanding. It is the teacher's responsibility to validate that understanding, or offer guidance towards a more complete perspective. It's common to get stuck in a certain place along the spiritual path. A skilled teacher can recognize where you might be stuck, and give you a gentle nudge in the right direction.
There is a right to a reasonable sense of confidentiality regarding what is said in dokusan. However, it is common practice that senior Dharma teachers may consult with each other and hold confidentialities among them. Personal and identifying details that are irrelevant to practice are not shared.


text:
DeWalt manufactures a wide range of cordless tools, including drills, powered by rechargeable battery packs. Most of the Dewalt batteries are lithium ion types which are lighter and last much longer than nickel-based batteries. However, every so often it's necessary to recharge your power tool battery pack, so you need to know how to operate the DeWalt drill battery charger.
Insert the plug on the end of the wire from the DeWalt drill battery charger into an electrical socket. It needs to be an electrical socket that produces 110/120 volts, which is the standard voltage in most household outlets.
Insert the battery into the Dewalt battery charger so it fits securely. It can only be inserted in one direction, so you can't get it wrong.
Turn on the DeWalt battery charger. The red LED flashes to confirm the battery charger is charging your battery. Wait until the red LED stops flashing and glows continuously, which means the battery is fully charged and ready for use.
Use the "Tune-up" button on your DeWalt battery charger to equalise the cells in the battery pack. Insert the battery into the charger as before and turn it on. Wait for the red LED to flash then press the "Tune-up" button. The LED stops flashing and then flashes quickly three times before it resumes flashing as before. Your battery is getting tuned.
Wait until the LED glows continuously to indicate the tune-up is complete. The cycle can take eight hours to complete, so only do this when you don't need to use your drill.
Your DeWalt battery charger automatically senses the condition of your batteries and charges them appropriately. For example, if your battery is too cold or too hot, it adjusts the way it is charged and the LED light flashes either quickly or slowly. If your battery needs replacing, the LED light flashes very quickly. If there is something wrong with your power supply the LED flashes twice quickly then pauses and repeats the two quick flashes, and so on.


Tag: teeth
How many teeth or flutes for my CNC tools?
QUESTION: Does it matter how many teeth or flutes my end mills have? ANSWER: Actually it does. A good rule of thumb for the beginner: the harder the material, the more teeth! What's the difference between teeth and flutes? Teeth do the cutting, flutes bring the cut material away from the part....
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text: INSTALLx.txt - cross-compiling Vim on Unix Content: 1. Introduction 2. Necessary arguments for "configure" 3. Necessary environment variables for "configure" 4. Example 1. INTRODUCTION =============== This document discusses cross-compiling VIM on Unix-like systems. We assume you are already familiar with cross-compiling and have a working cross-compile environment with at least the following components: * a cross-compiler * a libc to link against * ncurses library to link against Discussing how to set up a cross-compile environment would go beyond the scope of this document. See _URL_ for more information and a script that aids in setting up such an environment. The problem is that "configure" needs to compile and run small test programs to check for certain features. Running these test programs can't be done when cross-compiling so we need to pass the results these checks would produce via environment variables. See the list of variables and the examples at the end of this document. 2. NECESSARY ARGUMENTS FOR "configure" ====================================== You need to set the following "configure" command line switches: --build=... : The build system (i.e. the platform name of the system you compile on right now). For example, "i586-linux". --host=... : The system on which VIM will be run. Quite often this the name of your cross-compiler without the "-gcc". For example, "powerpc-603-linux-gnu". --target=... : Only relevant for compiling compilers. Set this to the same value as --host. --with-tlib=... : Which terminal library to use. For example, "ncurses". 3. NECESSARY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES FOR "configure" ================================================== Additionally to the variables listed here you might want to set the CPPFLAGS environment variable to enable optimization for your target system (e.g. "CPPFLAGS=-march=arm5te"). The following variables need to be set: ac_cv_sizeof_int: The size of an "int" C type in bytes. Should be "4" on all 32bit machines. vi_cv_path_python_conf: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the path for Python's library implementation. This is a path like "/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/config" (the directory contains a file "config.c"). vi_cv_var_python_epfx: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the execution prefix of your Python interpreter (that is, where it thinks it is running). This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.exec_prefix vi_cv_var_python_pfx: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the prefix of your Python interpreter (that is, where it was installed). This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.prefix vi_cv_var_python_version: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the version of the Python interpreter that will be used. This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.version[:3] vim_cv_bcopy_handles_overlap: Whether the "memmove" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. You only need to set this if vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap is set to "no". vim_cv_getcwd_broken: Whether the "getcwd" C library call is broken. Set to "yes" if you know that "getcwd" is implemented as'system("sh -c pwd")', set to "no" otherwise. vim_cv_memcpy_handles_overlap: Whether the "memcpy" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. You only need to set this if both vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap and vim_cv_bcopy_handles_overlap are set to "no". vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap: Whether the "memmove" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. vim_cv_stat_ignores_slash: Whether the "stat" C library call ignores trailing slashes in the path name. Set to "yes" if it ignores them or "no" if it does not ignore them. vim_cv_tgetent: Whether the "tgetent" terminal library call returns a zero or non-zero value when it encounters an unknown terminal. Set to either the string "zero" or "non-zero", corresponding. vim_cv_terminfo: Whether the environment has terminfo support. Set to "yes" if so, otherwise set to "no". vim_cv_toupper_broken: Whether the "toupper" C library function works correctly. Set to "yes" if you know it's broken, otherwise set to "no". vim_cv_tty_group: The default group of pseudo terminals. Either set to the numeric value of your tty group or to "world" if they are world accessible. vim_cv_tty_mode: The default mode of pseudo terminals if they are not world accessible. Most probably the value "0620". 4. EXAMPLE: =========== Assuming the target system string is "armeb-xscale-linux-gnu" (a Intel XScale system) with glibc and ncurses, the call to configure would look like this: ac_cv_sizeof_int=4 \ vim_cv_getcwd_broken=no \ vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap=yes \ vim_cv_stat_ignores_slash=yes \ vim_cv_tgetent=zero \ vim_cv_terminfo=yes \ vim_cv_toupper_broken=no \ vim_cv_tty_group=world \./configure \ --build=i586-linux \ --host=armeb-xscale-linux-gnu \ --target=armeb-xscale-linux-gnu \ --with-tlib=ncurses Written 2007 by Marc Haisenko for the VIM project.


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Hong Kong, 1st June 2023, ZEX PR WIRE, In today's business landscape, maintaining a strong brand reputation is crucial for success. A brand reputation audit plays a vital role in identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. KeyGroup, an international consulting company, emphasizes the significance of reputation audits in strategic development planning. Viktoria Yukhnenko, a development advisor at KeyGroup, highlights five reasons why enterprises must prioritize reputational audits:
- Identifying strengths and weaknesses for informed business decisions.
- Improving customer experience based on feedback.
- Enhancing brand image and messaging to align with the target audience.
- Mitigating reputation risks by proactively addressing potential issues.
- Staying ahead of the competition by differentiating and providing a superior customer experience.
"A comprehensive audit encompasses various aspects of a business, enabling necessary changes and improvements in strategy," says Viktoria. "By analyzing critical factors such as company background, goals, target audience, and competitor analysis, effective strategies can be developed to thrive in a competitive marketplace."
One of the significant challenges a brand reputation audit can address is the impact of cancellation culture. Renowned brands and celebrities like Balenciaga, Amazon, and Elon Musk have experienced the consequences of canceling culture. However, they have successfully maintained their visibility and popularity through strong reputation audits, highlighting the importance of reputation management in the face of modern problems.
The culture of cancelation can have severe consequences for companies and individuals, resulting in negative publicity, lost sales, and damage to their reputation. A brand reputation audit can aid in identifying potential risks and taking preventive measures before they escalate. In case of backlash on social media, a reputation check can identify underlying issues and enable corrective action. Moreover, understanding the audience and aligning messaging with their values minimizes the possibility of being canceled.
The impact of a strong reputation audit on a business is undeniable. It helps identify potential risks, improve customer experience, enhance brand image, and stay ahead of the competition. By conducting a brand audit, businesses establish a credible and consistent identity, ultimately improving their reputation. To ensure precise and valuable outcomes, it is recommended to work with an agency that specializes in reputation audits. Their expertise and utilization of the right tools and techniques can maximize the benefits of the audit process.
KeyGroup is an international consulting company dedicated to helping businesses achieve strategic success. With a focus on digital growth, KeyGroup offers comprehensive services to enhance brand image, improve customer experience, and mitigate risks. The team of experienced professionals ensures businesses are equipped to thrive in a competitive and dynamic marketplace.
For additional information and business inquiries, please contact: _URL_
The Post Key Group — Reputation Audit is The Key to Your Business in the Cancel Culture Era first appeared on ZEX PR Wire
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Examples of Just Do It
Examples of Just Do It
Where does Just Do It come from?
The Just Do It video, also known as Shia LaBeouf's Intense Motivational Speech, was released in 2015. It shows actor Shia LaBeouf, of Nymphomaniac and Transformers fame, giving what is supposedly a motivational speech in front of a green screen. In it, LaBeouf repeatedly roars "Just do it!" at the camera while making wildly over-the-top, furious expressions and gestures. He also growls such lines as: "Don't let your dreams be dreams, yesterday you said tomorrow, so just do it!"
This video exploded in popularity almost as soon as it was released. There was some misconception that LaBeouf made the video as an earnest motivational speech, particularly given Shia LaBeouf's eccentric public persona. But, in actuality, LaBeouf's zealous performance was part of an art project.
The Just Do It video has its origins in Central Saint Martins, the London arts college, where LaBeouf joined in on a project called _TAG_. This project had each student in class write a short script for LaBeouf to perform, lasting no more than 100 words, with an emphasis on strong emotion. LaBeouf actually did thirty of these performances, some involving different stunts or props. Other pieces from the same set can be found online. The Just Do It segment that went viral was written by student Joshua Parker, who intended it as a mockery of the corporate health and fitness industry, specifically targeting one of its most famous slogans, Nike's Just Do It.
The green background is no accident; as many film students know, a green screen is used to superimposes backgrounds, special effects, props, and so on. Here, it allowed the London film students to edit in their own footage and use it as an introductory video for their projects. When the Just Do It clip went online, it was released under a Creative Commons license, specifically so that viewers could rework it however they pleased—which millions of people did do, and quite rapidly so.
Who uses Just Do It?
Though the Intense Motivational Speech spread virally in its original form, it became even more intense when internet users began taking advantage of the green screen provided.
Because a green screen allows editors to replace the background with anything they want, the original Just Do It clip has been reworked to depict Shia LaBeouf's speech in countless different scenarios. Videos have shown him giving the speech before massive crowds from archival film footage (e.g., Hitler's rallies), delivering it as a TED talk, or superimposed onto the Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice trailer. There's even one version where he replaces Yoda in The Empire Strikes Back, with Shia telling a distressed Luke Skywalker to "Just do it!" and use the force.
There are also parody videos that show other people giving the same exaggerated speech in front of a green screen.


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In light of the growing emphasis on individualization in healthcare, it is vital to take the diversity of inhabitants and users into consideration. Thus, identifying shared perceptions among group members may be important in improving healthcare that is relevant to the particular group, but also perceptions of the staff with whom interactions take place. This study investigates how motherhood is perceived among three groups: Somali-born mothers; Swedish-born mothers; and nurses at Swedish child health centers. Inequities in terms of access and satisfaction have previously been identified at the health centers.
Participants in all three groups were asked to finalize two statements about motherhood; one statement about perfect motherhood, another about everyday motherhood. The responses were analyzed using qualitative coding and categorization to identify differences and similarities among the three groups.
The responses to both statements by the three groups included divergences as well as convergences. Overall, biological aspects of motherhood were absent, and respondents focused almost exclusively on social matters. Working life was embedded in motherhood, but only for the Somali-born mothers. The three groups put emphasis on different aspects of motherhood: Somali-born mothers on the community; the Swedish-born mothers on the child; and the nurses on the mother herself. The nurses - and to some extent the Swedish-born mothers - expected the mother to ask for help with the children when needed. However, the Somali-born mothers responded that the mother should be independent, not asking for such help. Nurses, more than both groups of mothers, largely described everyday motherhood in positively charged words or phrases.
The findings of this paper suggest that convergences and divergences in perceptions of motherhood among three groups may be important in equitable access and utilization of healthcare. Individualized healthcare requires nuance and should avoid normative or stereotypical encounters by recognizing social context and needs that are relevant to specific groups of the population.
Evidence-based methods to identify behavioural problems among children are not regularly used within the Swedish Child healthcare. A new procedure was therefore introduced to assess children through parentand preschool teacher reports using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). This study aims to explore nurses', preschool teachers' and parents' perspectives of this new information sharing model. Using the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) at child health clinics, preschool teachers (n = 13) and parents (n = 11) of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children were collected and analysed between March 2014 and June 2014. The analysis was conducted using constant comparative method. The participants were sampled purposively within a larger trial in Sweden. Results indicate that all stakeholders shared a desire to have a complete picture of the child's health. The perceptions that explain why the stakeholders were in favour of the new procedure-the 'causal conditions' in a grounded theory model-included: (1) Nurses thought that visits after 18-months were unsatisfactory, (2) Preschool teachers wanted to identify children with difficulties and (3) Parents viewed preschool teachers as being qualified to assess children. However, all stakeholders had doubts as to whether there was a reliable way to assess children's behaviour. Although nurses found the SDQ to be useful for their clinical evaluation, they noticed that not all parents chose to participate. Both teachers and parents acknowledged benefits of information sharing. However, the former had concerns about parental reactions to their assessments and the latter about how personal information was handled. The theoretical model developed describes that the causal conditions and current context of child healthcare in many respects endorse the introduction of information sharing. However, successful implementation requires considerable work to address barriers: the tension between normative thinking versus helping children with developmental problems for preschool teachers and dealing with privacy issues and inequity in participation for parents.
Cites: Qual Health Res. 2006 Apr;16(4):547-_PHONE_


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The most common style of interface to a module is to use procedures, or object methods. So if you want a module to calculate a bunch of charges for a contract, you might have a BillingService class with a method for doing the calculation, calling it like this
A command oriented interface would have a command class for each operation, and be called with something like this
Essentially you have one command class for each method that you would have in the method-oriented interface.
A common variation is to have a separate command executor object that actually does the running of the command.
If you've used frameworks like Struts, you'll recognize that the action classes follow this style of operation.
So why do people like and dislike this approach? First off it's fair to say that a command oriented interface is rather more involved than a method oriented one. You have instantiate the command and pass them through for execution. This is more involved than just calling a method, which is why even fans of this approach only use them for significant interfaces (service layers, server-side logic, interfaces of major subsystems).
Command oriented interfaces have a number of benefits. One of the primary ones is the ability to easily add common behavior to commands by decorating the command executor. This is very handy for handling transactions, logging, and the like. Commands can be queued for later execution and (if the commands and their data are serializable) be passed across a network. Command results can be cached by holding results against a key synthesized from the command name and arguments.
Where I've seen complaints about commands, the biggest issue is due to a lot of duplicated logic in commands. This tends to happen most when the commands are Transaction Scripts that contain a lot of logic. This isn't necessarily an issue with using commands as opposed to methods; this problem is a general issue with Transaction Scripts. It may that command-oriented structure tends to exaggerate this, if only because many people feel that a class needs a page or two of code to be worthwhile, and thus end up putting more code in the command than should be there.
You'll notice I've used the word interface for this page. This reflects that the choice about using commands is primarily about the interface to clients rather than about the actual implementation of the command logic. It's perfectly reasonable to have command classes whose run method is just a single line calling out to another method. Doing this gives you all the advantages of commands, but allows you to keep the logic out of the command classes themselves. Such command classes have very few lines of code.
A common question with commands is what to return. Generic run methods need a general return type, such as Object or CommandResult, but you'll want a more specific type to get the results from running a command. One route is to define a result class for each command class and use a naming convention, so that CalculateChargeCommand would have a return type of CalculateChargeResult. Another route is to make the command store the results in the same object. In this case you would first run the the command, and then interrogate the command object for results.


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The SUNY EOCs are a system of educational enterprises that serve eligible adult learners.
As part of this system, the Rochester Educational Opportunity Center will deliver comprehensive, community-based academic and workforce development programs and provide support services leading to enhanced employment opportunities, access to further education, personal growth and development.
To maintain a high-quality learning environment, REOC will focus on teaching excellence, student learning, career development and technological initiatives. REOC will prepare students to demonstrate competency in the following:
- Computer Literacy and Information Resources
- Critical Thinking
- Oral Communication
Our focus is to serve with compassion, dignity and respect.
We pursue EXCELLENCE and quality in education and training through collaboration, continuous improvement, student and customer satisfaction and innovation.
We conduct our work with INTEGRITY, honesty, and fairness and meet the highest ethical and professional standards.
We accept RESPONSIBILITY for using our resources in a prudent and efficient manner.
2018 – 2019 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
- WE will appropriately refer students and colleagues to internal and external experts, resources, and agencies for support.
- WE will consistently address unacceptable behaviors immediately.
- WE will explore acceptable solutions and choices without judgement.
- WE will clearly explain and confirm students' understanding of expectations.
- WE will talk with people to engage with them as individuals.
- WE will mindfully "self check" when interacting with others.


Auction 356 / Lot n° 1668
"Attack on Xiebulu", fifth leaf of a series of eight engravings illustrating a punitive expedition of the troops of Emperor Qianlong against Gurkha's army, during the Tibetan invasion between 1790 and 1792 China, Qianlong period (_PHONE_) The battle of Xiebulu is part of the Sino-Nepalese war (_PHONE_). When Nepal invaded Tibet, which was under the administrative rule of the Qing dynasty, it looked like a local conflict due to be solved easily. However, it eventually turned in a proper military action, coordinated by the Qianlong Emperor and his military officers.
Auction: 27 November 2015 at 10:30
Estimate € 3,500 - 5,000


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We received the following inquiry regarding the production process and how it affects the scale, and we thought many of you might have the same questions:
How do you construct the scale of your instruments? What are the advantages of having a flute with a handmade scale when compared to a mass-produced flute?
Powell Flutes are made today using the Modern Powell Scale, but over the course of 79 years we have used a few different versions of flute scales. Our current scale is based on the Cooper Scale by Albert Cooper; but there are modifications that have been made to better suit a Powell instrument.
In theory, there could be no difference in the scale of a handmade flute versus a mass-produced flute. The position of the tone holes on the tubing determines the scale of an instrument, and that is not a factor in determining whether a flute is handmade or mass-produced.
However, flute makers who offer handmade soldered tone hole flutes have been the quickest to make modifications to their scales to improve intonation. Thus, most handmade flute makers offer a more even and in-tune scale. In addition, handmade flute makers are more likely to continue to improve their scale based on the opinions of professional flutists.


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Mar. 30, 2011 A new air-quality measuring instrument invented by Pat Arnott and Ian Arnold of the University of Nevada, Reno that is more economical, more portable and more accurate than older technologies has been licensed for commercial development by Droplet Measurement Technologies of Boulder, Colo.
Arnott, a physics professor in the University's College of Science, had perhaps lugged his heavy pieces of equipment one too many times through airports to faraway places to examine airborne particles. Now, his and Arnold's latest invention has reduced the laser-equipped air-monitoring equipment to suitcase size, while enhancing its measurement capabilities.
This latest, compact version of the photoacoustic particle measuring machine with its lasers, mirrors, flexible tubes, wires and relays is also cheaper and faster and should be an attractive alternative for users.
"This machine will be much more ubiquitous for measuring air quality, or more precisely, black carbon in the air, or a number of other uses," Arnott said. "Key component cost and instrument weight have dropped from $2,000 and 180 pounds to $40 and 20 pounds. This will make it more accessible to researchers, businesses and government agencies; and much easier when traveling around the world to gather data."
Over the past 12 years, Arnott, along with collaborators from the Desert Research Institute, have mapped air pollution on Los Angeles freeways, as well as in Mexico City, the rain forests of Brazil, Vancouver, B.C., and Big Bend National Park, to name a few locations. They have also worked 1,600 feet underground in an active Nevada gold mine to monitor air quality.
Arnott's invention is an improvement on earlier technology he developed with partners. Arnott, John Walker and Hans Moosmüller, all at the time with DRI, commercialized the first version of the instrument with Droplet Measurement Technologies in 2005.
The University of Nevada, Reno's Tech Transfer Office, worked out the deal with DMT to commercialize the technology.
"The new device is a smaller, less expensive photoacoustic instrument for measuring airborne particles related to air quality that makes it affordable for a broader range of uses and it promises to lead to much wider market adoption of photoacoustic technology," said Ryan Heck, director of the University's Tech Transfer Office. "Pat and DMT have worked together for years, and we were pleased to help facilitate a new product based on their collaboration."
Arnott and DMT have already built beta-versions of the device that are in use by researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley Labs and the Bay Area Air Quality District, at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Europe and in locations in Mexico City. Droplet is working to produce many more that will be a fraction of the cost to users.
"We're pleased to have entered into the licensing agreement," John Lovett, CEO of Droplet said. "Pat is a leading scientist in applying photo-acoustic technology to aerosols and has partnered with DMT on developing research-grade scientific instruments for air quality assessment.
"Our new instrument, the Photoacoustic Extinctiometer -- PAX, is a next generation monitoring tool to help scientists and air quality engineers accurately assess the optical properties of aerosols that are relevant for climate change and visibility. By measuring the aerosol in its natural state (photoacoustically), without requiring filter collection, the PAX improves measurement accuracy over older competing technologies."
Arnott and Arnold, an undergraduate student in Physics at the University when he assisted Arnott with instrument development, are also working on developing a truly miniature device that may find use as an on-board sensor for real-time black carbon air pollution emission control.
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The second law of thermodynamics and the global climate system: A review of the maximum entropy production principle
The long-term mean properties of the global climate system and those of turbulent fluid systems are reviewed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Two general expressions are derived for a rate of entropy production due to thermal and viscous dissipation (turbulent dissipation) in a fluid system. It is shown with these expressions that maximum entropy production in the Earth s climate system suggested by Paltridge, as well as maximum transport properties of heat or momentum in a turbulent system suggested by Malkus and Busse, correspond to a state in which the rate of entropy production due to the turbulent dissipation is at a maximum. Entropy production due to absorption of solar radiation in the climate system is found to be irrelevant to the maximized properties associated with turbulence. The hypothesis of maximum entropy production also seems to be applicable to the planetary atmospheres of Mars and Titan and perhaps to mantle convection. Lorenz s conjecture on maximum generation of available potential energy is shown to be akin to this hypothesis with a few minor approximations. A possible mechanism by which turbulent fluid systems adjust themselves to the states of maximum entropy production is presented as a selffeedback mechanism for the generation of available potential energy. These results tend to support the hypothesis of maximum entropy production that underlies a wide variety of nonlinear fluid systems, including our planet as well as other planets and stars
Tots els drets reservats


Compute the Expected Calibration Error (ECE).
This method implements equation (3) in [1]. In this equation the probability of the decided label being correct is used to estimate the calibration property of the predictor.
[1]: Chuan Guo, Geoff Pleiss, Yu Sun, Kilian Q. Weinberger, On Calibration of Modern Neural Networks. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2017). arXiv:1706.04599
num_bins int, number of probability bins, e.g. 10.
logits Tensor, (n,nlabels), with logits for n instances and nlabels.
labels_true Tensor, (n,), with tf.int32 or tf.int64 elements containing ground truth class labels in the range [0,nlabels].
labels_predicted Tensor, (n,), with tf.int32 or tf.int64 elements containing decisions of the predictive system. If None, we will use the argmax decision using the logits.
name Python str name prefixed to Ops created by this function.
ece Tensor, scalar, tf.float32.