Cut Tourism VAT
Cut tourism VAT, boost british jobs
Some quick answers to frequently asked questions about the campaign.
What is different about VAT?
Unlike most aspects to do with taxation, VAT is regulated by the EU. Reduced rates can only be applied to a limited range of goods and services specified in the regulations.
So hotels and attractions are included amongst those services that can have a reduced rate?
Yes. The permitted goods and services include:
- Accommodation provided by hotels and similar establishments including the provision of holiday accommodation and the letting of camping sites and caravan parks,
- Restaurant services
Why have most countries applied reduced rates of VAT to tourism?
Most EU governments recognise that:
1. Tourism is highly price-sensitive and subject to intense international competition; reducing VAT leads to lower prices which increases tourism demand, and this can stimulate other parts of the economy
2. Increasing tourism in this way is a highly cost-efficient way of creating jobs, and these jobs span the socio-economic spectrum.
3. Direct revenues foregone because of the reduced VAT rate by government treasury departments can be more than made up by tax income from increased employment and company profits and by reduced social security payments for the unemployed.
So how would you summarise the impact of a VAT reduction?
In short, a reduced rate of VAT would:
1. Generate higher levels of employment, with increased wage levels and training. These benefits would occur throughout the age and socio-economic spectrum and throughout the UK.
2. Increase additional tax receipts as a result of this additional employment with consequential savings on social security payments.
3. Increase profits, corporation tax payments and shareholder dividends.
4. Lead to further investment in the industry, improving overall quality and therefore further improving the UK's competitiveness.
5. Feed through to higher expenditure in other sectors of the economy, which in turn will generate further tax receipts – the 'tourism multiplier'. Every additional £1 of tourism expenditure generates 70p of extra expenditure in other sectors of the economy,
Why should tourism be singled out for preference by the UK government?
On three main counts:
1. The higher rate of VAT in the UK makes the UK uncompetitive with nearly all other European competitor countries.
2. Tourism is the only export which is subject to a domestic tax.
3. The independent study by Deloitte/Tourism Respect forecasts that if VAT were reduced to five per cent for visitor accommodation and attractions, 78,000 full time equivalent jobs will be created in the accommodation and attractions sector.
But what will happen if VAT is not reduced on hotel accommodation and visitor attractions?
If VAT is not reduced, it's likely that:
1. The UK's share of international tourism receipts will continue to fall in comparison with European competitor countries.
2. The decline in domestic tourism expenditure by UK residents will continue (inflation adjusted domestic tourism expenditure fell by four per cent per annum between 2000 and 2008, before recovering slightly in 2009).
3. The decline in the proportion of total UK tourism expenditure spent on holidays at home relative to holidays abroad will continue. This has fallen from 50 per cent of total UK tourism expenditure in 2000 to 36 per cent in 2008.
All three scenarios conflict with the prime minister's stated aims for UK tourism and the aim of the government's tourism strategy.
Doesn't reducing VAT just mean that operators will make more profits?
In a survey of BHA members in January 2012, over 95 per cent of over 200 respondents said that if a five per cent VAT rate was achieved some or all of it would be passed on. 82 per cent said they would invest more in their product/facilities, 67 per cent would employ more people, 57 per cent would invest more in training and just under half (48 per cent) would increase staff wages.
Competition within the sector eventually compels operators to lower prices. The Copenhagen Economics study analysed six case studies where a VAT rate reduction had occurred. The report concluded that: '…there is little doubt that permanently lowering the VAT rate on particular goods (or services) sooner or later will lead to a reduction in the price of the goods more or less corresponding to the monetary equivalent of the lower VAT rate … In economics jargon, there will be a strong tendency towards full pass-through.'
('Pass through' here means that the full impact of the reduction in VAT is reflected in lower prices equivalent to the reduction in VAT.)
Similarly, there is little doubt, according to Copenhagen Economics, that the price cuts that result from a permanent lowering of VAT rate will lead to increased consumption and consequently to increased production and employment. Such increases will occur more rapidly and be more significant in sectors with high price elasticity, strong competition and labour-intensive sectors. Tourism displays all three of these characteristics. It can typically take two to three years for this full effect to be realised.
So, would a guarantee by the hospitality and attractions industry to reduce prices be effective?
Rack rates exist but many hotels operate yield management systems which use flexible pricing strategies which increase or reduce prices according to demand, similar to the airlines but unlike manufactured goods which normally have a standard price. A room selling at £100 at a time of slack demand may well rise to £200 at peak demand; as a result it may appear that the level of VAT has had no impact when, in fact, the benefit will be there but not obvious.
What about bed taxes?
In Europe and North America, bed taxes have been contemplated or initiated mainly at the city rather than at national level, so the impact on overall national or pan-European tourism has been limited. In some cases the experience has been that bed taxes have been counter-productive in that they increase overall price, making destinations uncompetitive – in exactly the way that occurs with high rates of VAT. Examples of where a bed tax has been introduced and subsequently removed include Rotterdam and the Balearic Islands.
How much will it cost the government to reduce VAT on hotels and visitor attractions?
According to the estimates in the Deloitte/Tourism Respect, report, the government will lose up to £1.2bn in foregone VAT per annum. However, as soon as the VAT reduction measure is introduced, it will set off a virtuous growth cycle – prices will come down, stimulating increased demand, leading to recruitment, investment and expansion in the sector. According to our detailed fiscal model, income will be generated for the Treasury that more than compensates for the foregone VAT revenue. HMT begins to recoup its investment within three years and, over a ten year period, this would become a net gain of £2.6bn.
But if London hotels are operating at 80 per cent plus average year-round occupancy, why do they need a reduction in VAT?
It's not just London hotels that will benefit. Provincial hotels, which operate at ten per cent lower occupancy, will also gain. The major factor keeping London hotel occupancy high is the rate of exchange which has greatly encouraged overseas visitors to the UK. This benefit has over-ridden the negative impact of the rise in VAT to 20 per cent but it reinforces how competitive international tourism is.
And it is not only hotels. Visitor attractions and all other forms of visitor accommodation will benefit including self-catering, B&Bs, holiday camps, caravan and chalet parks, camping sites.
In any case, if exchange rates stay as they are and London hotels continue to trade at high occupancy levels, this will stimulate further hotel construction which, in turn, will create jobs in construction as well as jobs in the new hotels – all the time increasing London's capacity to host visitors.
Website Design:


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Weil's paper
"On a certain type of characters of the idele-class group of an algebraic number field",
Weil introduces a class of characters on the Idele class group (of not necessarily finite order) which take algebraic values. He calls them, characters of type (A) (the (A) probably stands for algebraic, I guess). On the last 3 lines of p. 3, he says that Artin pointed out to him how to use Minkowski's theorem on units (in absolutely normal number fields) to show essentially that all such characters come from CM fields.
Basically, this question boils down to understand the following: For which number fields $K$; collection of integers $f_{\iota}$; and a suitable choice of an integer $m$, is it possible to have $$ \prod_{\iota\in S_{\infty} }\left(\frac{\iota(\epsilon)}{\overline{\iota(\epsilon)}}\right)^{mf_{\iota}}=1 $$ for all $\epsilon\in \mathcal{O}_K^{\times}$? Here $S_{\infty}$ denotes the set of infinite places of $K$.
Q1: Is there a reference in the literature where I can find a proof (or a sketch of a proof) of this result?
Q2: If no such reference exists, then how does one prove it from Minkowski's theorem?
share|improve this question
See Laurent Fargues's great article 'Motives and automorphic forms: the potentially abelian case', available here: www-irma.u-strasbg.fr/~fargues/Motifs_abeliens.pdf It's Proposition 1.12. – Keerthi Madapusi Pera Jan 30 '13 at 14:49
Also, do you mean Dirichlet's theorem, rather than Minkowski's? – Keerthi Madapusi Pera Jan 30 '13 at 14:49
Fargues' article is indeed great in many ways but I don't find his proof of Proposition 1.12 all that clear -- he leaves a lot of checking to the reader. – David Loeffler Jan 30 '13 at 20:16
see Patrikis' 2012 thesis: math.ias.edu/~patrikis/variationsoct2012.pdf (in particular, 5.1.3). the first proof given is the standard one (see Keerthi's answer below), but it also indicates a second proof. – fherzig Jan 31 '13 at 19:37
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Now that I've had the chance to look at Fargues's proof carefully, it seems incomplete for what it claims to prove, but it might answer the question under consideration.
Suppose that you have a collection of integers $f_{\iota}$ indexed by embeddings $\iota:K\hookrightarrow\mathbb{C}$ and satisfying for some integer $m$ (this is slightly different from the OP's identity):
$$\prod_{\iota}\iota(\epsilon)^{mf_{\iota}}=1,\text{ for all $\epsilon\in\mathcal{O}_K^\times$}.$$
Then I claim that there exists a CM sub-field $L\subset K$ such that $f_{\iota}$ only depends on $\iota\vert_L$ (for the purposes of this statement, totally real fields are CM).
The assertion that allows us to reduce this to Dirichlet's unit theorem is the following: It suffices to show that, for all $\sigma\in Aut(\mathbb{C})$, $f_{\sigma\iota}+f_{\sigma\overline{\iota}}$ is independent of $\iota$ and $\sigma$.
(EDIT: It was incorrectly stated in the original version that it was enough to require independence from $\iota$ alone).
To see this, we reinterpret this condition as follows: After fixing an embedding $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\hookrightarrow\mathbb{C}$, we can view the collection $(f_{\iota})$ as an element $f$ of the $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$-module of maps $Hom(K,\bar{\mathbb{Q}})\to\mathbb{Z}$. The Galois action is given by $(\sigma(f))_{\iota}=f_{\sigma^{-1}\iota}$. From this point of view, our claim amounts to: For every complex conjugation $c$ of $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$, $f_{\iota}+f_{c(\iota)}$ is independent of $c$ and $\iota$. In particular, for all $\sigma\in G_{\mathbb{Q}}$, and all complex conjugations $c$, we have:
$$ f_{\sigma^{-1}\iota}+f_{c(\sigma^{-1}\iota)}=f_{\iota}+f_{c\iota}. $$
Another way to write this is, for all $\iota$:
$$ \sigma(f)_{\iota}+\sigma(c(f))_{\iota}=f_{\iota}+c(f)_{\iota}. $$
So $\sigma$ stabilizes $f$ if and only if it stabilizes $c(f)$, for all complex conjugations $c$. Let $L$ be the fixed field of the stabilizer of $f$ in $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$. We have shown that $L$ is stabilized by all complex conjugations. To show that $L$ is CM we need to now need to know that all complex conjugations have the same action on $L$. This amounts to showing that $f_{c(\iota)}$ does not depend on the choice of $c$. But, since $f_{\iota}+f_{c(\iota)}$ does not depend on $c$ by hypothesis, this is clear.
Let us return to the first identity above. Taking the logarithm of its absolute value gives us:
$$ \sum_{\iota}f_{\iota}\vert \iota(\epsilon)\vert=0. $$
But consider the map
$$ \ell:\mathcal{O}_K^\times\otimes\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\oplus_{v\vert\infty}\mathbb{R}. $$ given by $\ell(\epsilon\otimes 1)_v=\log\vert \epsilon\vert_v$ if $v$ is real and by $\ell(\epsilon\otimes 1)_v=2\log\vert \epsilon\vert_v$ if $v$ is complex. The indexing set here is the set of inequivalent archimedean norms on $K$. Then Dirichlet's unit theorem says that $\ell$ is an isomorphism onto the hyperplane $H$ where the sum of the co-ordinates is identically $0$.
This shows that, for all $(b_v)\in H$,
$$\sum_{v}\frac{f_{\iota(v)}+f_{\overline{\iota}(v)}}{2}b_v=0.$$ Here, if $v$ is complex, $\iota(v)$ and $\overline{\iota}(v)$ are the two complex embeddings inducing $v$. If $v$ is real, they're the same embedding. If one uses the usual basis of $H$ consisting of differences of the basis vectors for the ambient space, one finds that $f_{\iota}+f_{\overline{\iota}}$ is independent of $\iota$. Applying the same argument to the character $\epsilon\mapsto\prod_{\iota}\sigma^{-1}(\iota(\epsilon))^{f_{\iota}}=\prod_\iota\iota(\epsilon)^{f_{\sigma\iota}}$, one sees that $f_{\sigma\iota}+f_{\sigma\overline{\iota}}$ is independent of $\iota$ as well.
(EDIT: The remainder of the proof has been changed to reflect the correction in the criterion above.)
Set $w(\sigma)=f_{\sigma\iota}+f_{\sigma\bar{\iota}}$: this doesn't depend on $\iota$. To finish the proof, we must show that it is independent of $\sigma$ as well. First, let $L$ be as above. From what we have proven already, we find that $L$ is stable under all complex conjugations. Assume that $L$ is totally complex; this implies that $K$ is also totally complex. Then, if $n=[K:\mathbb{Q}]$, we have:
$$ 2nw(1)=\sum_{\iota}(f_{\iota}+f_{\bar{\iota}})=\sum_{\iota}(f_{\sigma\iota}+f_{\sigma\bar{\iota}})=2nw(\sigma). $$
So, in this case, the independence is clear.
To finish, it is enough to show the following: If $L$ has one real place, then $L=\mathbb{


You are here
Statue of Liberty
Management of Lady Liberty Discussed in Congress
UPDATED: The United States Congress is mad at the National Park Service. Congress cannot figure out why the parks are not listening them, after they've been asked more than once by the House to open up the crown of the Statue of Liberty. Congress has given unsolicited money to Liberty to get it open, and there had been a campaign which raised millions from across the nation for the same purpose, but still, 6 years after it was closed, there remains no public access to the crown.
National Parks Traveler's Essential Park Guide


text:
Crack PTE Describe Image in 3 simple steps
Describe image is a very important task of PTE speaking. This task aims at testing the analytical and spontaneous speaking abilities of the test takers. As this section forms a significant part of integrated weightage system of PTE, the scores of these questions are reflected in content, pronunciation and oral fluency score chart of PTE results.
Generally, PTE speaking module consist of 6 to 7 such type of questions in which the test taker is required to explain the given graph or image within 40 seconds. However, 25 seconds of time is provided to the candidate for analyzing and preparing their response.
On your test day, you may get a variety of graphs, diagrams or pictures to describe which may include
- Bar graphs
- Line graphs
- Pie charts
- Process diagrams
- Venn diagrams
- Pyramids etc.
Precisely, in PTE, you are expected to have an ability to understand and elaborate the provided information effectively in less time.
Ironically, no matter how much difficulty you face while practicing these questions, you have no option to escape a single attempt of it in real PTE test as these questions partakes a significant weightage of the total integrated weightage system of PTE.
The only strategy to gain confidence and fluency in attempting these question types is to understand and learn a specific format that you may use in almost all the cases for avoiding any chance of glitches in your performance.
Such a format should include:
- Introduction line –You may form your first statement by using the information given in the describe image topic along with details forming the header of X- axis or relatively comparable component given in any image other than a graph. For e.g. This line graph/ bar graph/pie chart give information about /describes / depicts / compares the (topic of the graph )from the year 2010 to 2015 (information about X axis or relatively comparable component )
- In your subsequent sentence you may mention about major differences and similarities of given class intervals or key variants apparent in the given graph/ image.
- Finally, you should form a concluding statement summarizing the overall information in just one sentence.
Points to remember:
- Try to stick to a format as this will lessen your probability to baffle or making thinking sounds while describing the image on the test date.
- Remember that every unusual pause, stammer or baffle is counted as an error by the system in real PTE Test which can significantly reduce your score.
- If you feel that you have gone wrong somewhere while describing the image, you should not stop and should continue speaking fluently with sheer confidence. This will surely help you to at least gain full marks in pronunciation and fluency if not in content.
Last but not the least, take up lots of practice of describe image task… as this is the only way which may help you to perform this task in the most efficient and scoring way on the final day.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: A parametric study of the effects of binary interaction parameter and real-gas equations of state on the high pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium of nitrogen-n-dodecane system was carried out. Different values of the binary interaction parameter reported in literature, including one which depends on temperature, were employed in different equations of state to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium as a function of ambient pressure and temperature. The findings were compared against the available experimental values reported in literature. Constant values of binary interaction parameter, estimated based on temperature dependent values, are demonstrated to predict the experimentally observed vapor-liquid equilibrium values accurately. The Peng-Robinson equation of state and an average binary interaction parameter were demonstrated to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium over a wide range of temperature and pressures for nitrogen-n-dodecane binary system.


Ceiling Cables
Here's How You Can Hide Wires in an Exposed Ceiling
You're thinking of building a house with an exposed ceiling or maybe you already live in one. Either way, you realized the wires on the ceiling aren't exactly pretty or safe to look at. So, you're trying to learn how to hide the wires in your exposed ceiling.
To hide wires in an exposed ceiling, you'll need creativity. You'll also need some knowledge of safety concealing the wires to ensure it won't eventually cause any accidents. One way to hide wires in an exposed ceiling is by pinning them in place and painting them the same color as your ceiling.
This article will talk about how you can hide wires in an exposed ceiling. It will also discuss the trend of exposed ceilings and the types of exposed ceilings.
Hiding Wires in an Exposed Ceiling
Exposed ceilings give your house a rustic look when done right, and it also saves you some money. Without needing to spend on materials and labor to cover your ceiling, you can use that money to hide the wires instead and buy other things to enhance your house.
However, you need to keep in mind that your wires need to follow safety precautions to ensure they won't cause any accidents even when hidden. This means your wires should not be bare or open. They also need to rest in places that won't get wet or constant exposure to the elements. If they receive constant elemental exposure, they will easily wear out, and you will need to replace them.
To hide wires in an exposed ceiling, the first thing you need to do is ensure that they are attached to the beams. You can do this by using electrical staples like Gardner Bender metal staples on Amazon. Once all the wires are secured, you can start to creatively hide them by painting them or using cord covers, wooden mounds, or decorative boxes.
You Can Paint the Wires on the Ceiling
If you're bothered by your ceiling wires poking out in an exposed ceiling, one option is to paint the wires. This boosts your house's aesthetics without consuming too much money or time. To do this, all you need to do is buy paint that matches your ceiling beam's color. This camouflages your wires and keeps a simple ceiling.
You may also paint the ceiling beams themselves if you can't find the shade that matches the beams. You can find paint in your local hardware store or on Amazon. An excellent paint find is Majic Paints, which can coat many surfaces. You'll notice that most people opt for a white painted ceiling or wooden-colored wires, but you may pick other colors from Majic Paints.
The advantage of painting your ceiling wires or even ceiling beams is that you can choose a uniform color for your ceiling or design it. However, some disadvantages include paint expense and labor fees if you hire someone to do it. There's also a chance that you won't like the outcome.
You Can Use Cord Covers for the Ceiling Wires
If you don't want to paint but still want an easy fix for your exposed ceiling wires, check out some cord covers. You can easily find them on Amazon, and among the general public's favorites are Cord Cover Raceway Kit, Paintable Cord Concealer, and Cordinate Fabric Cord Cover.
Cord Cover Raceway and Paintable Cord Concealer both come as white sets of cord covers. You can paint them however you want to match your decor, or you can keep them that way for an accented look on your ceiling beams if the beams aren't white. Meanwhile, Coordinate Fabric Cord Cover adds an aesthetic look to your house. You can choose to either make them camouflage themselves or have them stand out on their own.
If you choose the hard covers, you can place your wires within them by measuring the length you need and cutting the covers accordingly. Then, slide the cover open and simply place the wires inside the covers before sliding them closed again.
If you use the fabric cover, you'll have better flexibility, which may or may not benefit you, depending on your design idea. You can simply allow the fabric wire covers to hang on the ceiling beams, or you can pin them in place for better security and more organization.
Using cord covers can efficiently and cheaply cover up those exposed ceiling wires. You can easily replace the covers, too, when you get tired of their color or design and pick new ones. Best of all, you can customize the covers themselves to however you want them.
You Can Opt For Wooden Moldings to Hide the Wires
For a more classic look and better camouflaging, you can opt for wooden moldings to hide ceiling wires. You can find wooden moldings in hardware stores, or you can make them yourself. These moldings can act as ceiling beam borders, and no one would know they hide wires.
They're great alternatives if you don't want to use plastic or fabric covers. However, they can cost more than buying covers and require more work. You'll need to attach the wooden moldings to the ceiling beams, and that would take time and some hard work. You can't easily change the moldings, too, if you come across a point where you want to.
You Can Use Decorative Boxes for Grouped Wires
Decorative boxes work great in covering exposed ceiling wires in groups. You can create a standard square box that will match your ceiling beams, or you can purchase cover plates like Arlington Boxes or Garvin Hole Cover on Amazon. Grouped wires are perfect for ceiling fans and light wires, but you may find that they look good even in places without grouped wires.
When Did the Trend of Exposed Ceilings Start?
Houses with exposed ceilings existed and had been the trend until the 1800s when lumber mills started producing wooden structures by the bulk. By the 1950s, people covered ceilings. By this time, the trend of the exposed ceilings faded, and clean, hidden ceilings were the new ideal.
However, with plenty of options now, such as faux exposed ceilings or even exposing previously hidden ceilings, the trend of exposed ceilings restarted once more by the early 2000s. Two types of exposed ceilings exist: decorative exposed ceilings and actual exposed ceilings.
Actual exposed ceilings rely on the beams to support the house, and no other material covers the ceilings. Meanwhile, decorative ceilings are just as they're called: decorative. You'll find that these houses already possess a covered ceiling and simply have additional beams to make it look like an exposed ceiling.
Some people create the exposed ceiling look themselves, but it's not quite recommended since most people use heavy beams that may cause strain on their ceiling. Meanwhile, others use lighter materials like fiberglass or plastic, and some people contact engineers or architects for advice.
Final Thoughts
You can hide wires in an exposed ceiling by painting the wires or your ceiling beams or using plastic or fabric cord covers, wooden molds, or decorative boxes. However, make sure your wires are safely in place to avoid any accidents.
You can do this by pinning them in place, except when you're using fabric covers. You can get away with not pinning your wires in that case. Also, remember not to hesitate if you think you need help. Commencing on a do-it-yourself project is great, but ensuring your safety should remain your priority.
Share this Post


text:
Paper info: Mediated category management: understanding how third parties enable value creation by fostering integration between sellers and buyers
Mediated category management: understanding how third parties enable value creation by fostering integration between sellers and buyers
Place of Publication
The paper was published at the 24th IMP-conference in Uppsala, Sweden in 2008.
In the past, scholars convincingly argued that integrating manufacturers and distributors facilitates value creation. Various techniques have been proved to suit this integration purpose. Among them, Category management (CM) has raised growing interest in scholarly research as well as practice, becoming one of the most diffused and controversial.In this paper, we tackle the issue of the integration of manufacturers' and distributors' CM activities by pointing out the conditions that facilitate CM implementation. In doing so, we focus on the intervention of third parties - which we label CM mediators - that facilitate the integration process and allow the coordination of CM strategies. We present an in-depth case analysis of an under-performing dyad in which, despite the existence prior relationships between the manufacturer and the distributor, CM was only realized through the intervention of a third party. The integration of CM is analyzed in respect of its key mechanisms and process phases. Crucial steps are indicated in which the intervening CM mediator identified failure in value exploitation, brought together the exchanging organizations, geared the knowledge sharing processes, moderated relational conflicts, and allowed the parties' strategies to be coordinated in the marketplace. A framework for CM-mediated integration is developed from the case analysis, and discussed in the light of current theory and practice. The emerging framework is presented with regard to two main dimensions of integration in CM: the mediated CM architecture and the mediated CM process.


BA New Media Arts | BA English & Professional Communication | BS Technical Communication | Undergraduate Degree ProgramRequirements | Undergraduate Internships
Undergraduate Internships
Apply the skills you've learned in your undergraduate degree program in the English, Technical Communication & Media Arts department at Southern Polytechnic State University with an undergraduate internship. You'll make valuable career connections and gain hands-on experience working with communication professionals.
Do I qualify for an undergraduate internship?
You qualify for an internship if you
 - are pursuing an undergraduate degree program in the English, Technical Communication & Media Arts department,
 - have completed half your coursework beyond the core,
 - are not on academic probation, and
 - have at least a 3.0 GPA (overall).
How does an internship fit into my degree program?
An internship is a program elective worth 3 credit hours for BS Technical Communication majors and BA English & Professional Communication majors. It is an additional course in major for New Media Arts majors. An internship requires at least 120 hours of work. You will have both an internship supervisor at work and a faculty internship advisor who will monitor your progress.
How do I find an internship?
You are ultimately responsible for finding an internship, but the department will help you.
Will I be paid for the internship?
Consider your internship a learning experience; some will also pay you an hourly wage, and some won't.
What are internships like?
You may do extended work on one project or you may do a variety of shorter assignments. Your projects and assignments could include user documentation, public relations, editing, website design, graphic design, proposals, instructional design, project reports, multimedia projects, marketing materials, or any other genres related to your major.
How do I apply for an internship?
 1. Submit a letter of intent to Dr. Smith, the internship coordinator (, at least one semester before you plan to begin your internship. This letter of intent should include the following information:
 - Why you want to do an internship
 - How the internship will contribute to your career goals
 - What educational value the internship adds to your course of studies
 - When you plan to begin your internship
 2. Meet with Dr. Smith (J347) to discuss your letter of intent.
 3. Apply for internships related to your major.
 4. Email Dr. Smith when you have found an internship and describe your internship responsibilities in detail.
 5. Request that your internship supervisor at work provide Dr. Smith with an email containing the following information:
 - A comment that you have been hired on as an intern
 - A detailed description of your responsibilities and activities
 - The number of work hours included in the internship
Important: Only after Dr. Smith receives this email from your internship supervisor at work will you be registered for 3 hours of internship credit. You cannot register yourself for internship credit.
How do I complete the internship?
 - Meet with your faculty internship advisor at least twice during the semester you are working your internship.
 - Submit three progress reports to your faculty advisor.
 - Submit a log or notebook of activities/tasks you did during the internship to your faculty advisor.
 - Submit two final reports to your faculty advisor:
 - A detailed formal report describing your internship with samples of the actual work you did during the internship.
 - A final memo report describing your internship experience.
Next steps:


text:
In order to render mine water a whole lot less toxic, the key could be letting a fungus bloom. Some fungi produce a superoxide when they grow, which is instrumental in cleaning up polluting metals. This superoxide reacts with locally available Magnesium(II), and is oxidized to Mn(III) or Mn(IV), which in turn suck up the likes of arsenic, cadmium, and cobalt.
This reaction isn't news, but what is is how and when it takes place. Up until now, mines would often try and cause this reaction to happen more by dumping foods for the fungus, like straw, and hoping that would stimulate the reaction. A new study in PNAS has shown what really causes the reaction to occur, and it's all about breeding.
Stilbella aciculosa only produces the superoxide during cell differentiation, when it forms asexual reproductive structures. In other words, when it's making spores. It uses the superoxide as a cellular signal to moderate differentiation, its love affair with Mn(II) is potentially just a (good for us) side effect.
So if it's during blooming that the superoxide is created, how do we get the fungus to do that more often? Unfortunately, that's a very good question that we don't really know the answer to. But now we're a step closer along the way.
Photo courtesy of Colleen Hansel

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Water dimers detected in atmospheric conditions
Mar 4, 2013 1 comment
Physicists in Russia are the first to detect water dimers – bonded pairs of gaseous water molecules – in conditions similar to Earth's atmosphere. Such dimers have been predicted to have important effects on the Earth's radiation balance and atmospheric chemistry, so this latest breakthrough could help scientists gain a better understanding of how their presence affects climate.
Water vapour is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, and the principal absorber of both sunlight and the Earth's blackbody radiation. Scientists have known for decades that water appears to absorb more radiation than theoretical models suggest that it should. In the 1960s the Russian astronomer Sergei Zhevakin suggested that this discrepancy could be explained if, among the free water molecules (monomers), hydrogen bonding caused a small proportion of water molecules to pair-up to create dimers. These dimers, suggested Zhevakin and others, would be much stronger absorbers than single water molecules.
While chemists have been able to study water dimers at temperatures near absolute zero, it was not clear whether the structures could even form under conditions found in the Earth's atmosphere. This is because the infrared spectral signatures of a dimer are extremely difficult to separate from those of single water molecules – making standard spectroscopy techniques unable to answer the question.
Promising rotational spectra
Much more promising are the rotational spectra of dimers and monomers, which calculations suggest should be much more distinct than infrared spectra. These features appear in the extremely high-frequency (EHF) region of the radio spectrum – at about 100–200 GHz – and should differ significantly because dimers have much higher moments of inertia than monomers. Unfortunately, standard spectrometers did not have sufficient resolution to detect these faint, broad peaks predicted by quantum-chemistry calculations.
Now, using a special spectrometer, researchers at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Nizhgy Novgorod led by Mikhail Tretyakov – a former student of Zhevakin – have made the first clear observations of water dimers under conditions similar to those in the atmosphere. The team created a new spectrometer in which EHF radiation is injected into a cavity with a mirror at either end. The resonance of the cavity depends on the separation between the mirrors, which is controlled extremely precisely. Gas is then injected into the cavity and the frequency is varied. At frequencies the gas does not absorb, the cavity shows one sharp peak at its expected resonant frequency. However, at frequencies near the absorption peaks of the gas, the resonance peak becomes broader. By measuring this change in the sharpness of the peak, the researchers were able to measure resonances associated with water dimers.
The researchers injected water vapour into the cavity at a similar temperature (23 °C) and partial pressure to that found in the atmosphere. Previous attempts to detect the water dimer at ambient conditions have focused on a single peak, which is difficult to assign unambiguously to a particular molecule. Instead, the researchers identified a distinct series of four peaks in the absorption spectrum. These occurred at exactly the same positions as measured in cold-temperature experiments. The researchers interpret this as clear evidence that water dimers can form in water vapour under ambient conditions.
There is one puzzling aspect of the results, however: the measured absorption peaks were four times broader than those predicted by computer modelling. The researchers speculate that the reason may lie in the simplifying assumptions about the structure of the water molecule that are made by the computer model. For example, the water molecule is assumed to be symmetric, whereas in reality this is not quite true.
David Wales, a theoretical chemist at the University of Cambridge, says that while a full explanation of the broadness of the lines is important, the identification of four peaks makes the detection of the dimer quite convincing anyway. "It will inspire a lot of new work, both theoretical and experimental," he says.
Tretyakov agrees that more work needs to be done: "First of all, I need to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum – I know how to do that now. After that, I can get more information on the quantitative properties of the water dimer, and this will help us to understand the properties of liquid water in the long run."
The research is published in Physical Review Letters.
About the author
Tim Wogan is a science writer based in the UK


text:
- PANI was electrodeposited onto a CNT-based substrate.
- PANI was in the partially oxidized emeraldine form and could participate in redox reactions.
- The PANI-CNTs composite is a promising redox-active electrode material.
- Enhanced fluoride removal was achieved by electrochemically controlled separation.
- The selectivity of fluoride over chloride was significantly enhanced.
The objective of this study is to improve the selective removal of fluoride ions from water using an electrodeposited polyaniline-carbon nanotube (PANI-CNT) composite electrode. The PANI-CNT electrode was successfully fabricated in a partially oxidized emeraldine form, as indicated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. The PANI-CNT composite electrode is dominated by mesopores and presents good hydrophilicity, which improves the mass transfer of ions and ensures better wettability, respectively, during electrochemically controlled separation experiments. The optimal voltage and pH for the fluoride removal are 1.6 V and 7, respectively. The fluoride removal capacity using the PANI-CNT (0.52 mmol g?1) electrode is larger than that of the carbon nanotube (CNT) (0.34 mmol g?1) electrode due to the PANI redox reactions. This finding indicates that enhanced fluoride removal from water can be achieved by incorporating PANI with CNTs. More importantly, the selectivity for fluoride over chloride using the PANI-CNT electrode significantly increases from 0.26 to 1.22, suggesting that the composite electrode incorporates fluoride rather than chloride due to the strong electronegativity of fluoride. The PANI-CNT electrode maintains good stability and reversibility for fluoride removal for four electrochemical cycles, which highlights the feasibility of the selective separation of fluoride ions via an electrochemically controlled approach.
*Read full study online at _URL_


Categories Actress
FAQ: Which Actress Played The Role Of 'stands With A Fist' In The Movie "dances With Wolves"?
Who played stands with fists in Dances With Wolves?
Dances with Wolves (1990) – Mary McDonnell as Stands With A Fist – IMDb.
Who were the Indian actors in Dances With Wolves?
Prominent castmembers included Graham Greene, a member of the First Nations of Canada, as Kicking Bird, Tantoo Cardinal, of Canada's Metis people, as Black Shawl, and Native American actors including Rodney A. Grant (Wind in His Hair), Floyd Red Crow Westerman (Chief Ten Bears), and Wes Studi (as a Pawnee tribesman).
Why was Stands With A Fist bleeding?
After Dunbar discovers Stands With A Fist far from her tribe, who is bleeding profusely from having accidentally cut her thigh too deeply in a widow's ritual, he loads her onto his horse and takes her back to her encampment.
Did they really kill the buffalo in Dances With Wolves?
For the buffalo kill sequences, the Dances crew rigged Mammoth with a Steve Martinesque strap that made it look as if arrows were piercing his hide. Wire-and-fur dummies were used to represent the fallen animals. Considering the awesome logistical challenges, the eight-day shoot was remarkably free of mishaps.
You might be interested: FAQ: Actress Who Plays Brienne?
How did Stands With A Fist husband died?
She was found by Kicking Bird (Graham Greene), the Medicine Man of the peaceful Sioux tribe, who, with is wife, raised her as one of their own. When her husband is killed in battle, Kicking Bird imposes a period of mourning where she must remain until he releases her.
Was Kevin Costner's daughter in Dances With Wolves?
Kevin Costner's daughter Annie Costner, playing Stands With A Fist as a child, is seen running away from the Pawnee party that killed her family in the dream sequence.
Is Dances With Wolves Based on a true story?
No, 'Dances With Wolves' is not based on a true story. However, the community life of the Native Indians depicted in it has a lot of similarities with real-life. In fact, the film is an adaptation of Michael Blake's eponymous novel, which contains many fictional aspects of Dunbar and his exploits.
Was two socks a real wolf?
Two socks the wolf in the movie, was actually played by two wolves. One was called Buck and the other Teddy.
How much money did Kevin Costner make on Dances With Wolves?
The film did so well it made Kevin Costner personally around $40 million. Dances with Wolves went on to take around $424 million at the domestic box office, proving that Costner was right to make the movie. It's estimated that Kevin Costner went on to make himself $40 million from his original investment.
What was Kevin Costner's Indian name in Dances With Wolves?
You might be interested: Question: Actress Who Played Pippi Longstocking?
Did they really speak Sioux in Dances With Wolves?
"We had the best caterers in the entire universe," quips Mary McDonnell. Before filming began, McDonnell had to learn to speak Lakota, the Sioux language.
What happened to Stands With A Fist?
She gets lost in the wilderness until she eventually gets adopted by a Sioux tribe led by Ten Bears and given the name "Stands With A Fist". As she grows up, she marries a young Lakota, but he dies, leaving her devastated.
How do you say stand with a fist in Lakota?
Why couldn't Dances with Wolves and Stands With A Fist be together?
Why couldn't dances with wolves and stands with a fist be together? It would endanger the tribe. Dances with wolves because he talks like them.
1 звезда2 звезды3 звезды4 звезды5 звезд (нет голосов)
Leave a Reply


text:
The essence of ObjectDesign - allocating responsibility over a set of abstractions forming a SystemOfNames. If you're familiar with WritingEffectiveUseCases, you know that your software is responsible for serving its actors and protecting the interests of its stakeholders. Meanwhile you're contemplating a set of abstractions. Some of these may model your problem domain (a DomainModel). Others may result from applying patterns, such as PatternsOfEnterpriseApplicationArchitecture.
The task is to decompose and allocate your software's responsibilities over the set of abstractions you're contemplating. You make trade-offs in the process, balancing such forces such as clarity, flexibility, expediency, and atomicity. You adjust your decomposition; you select and discard candidate abstractions. The process goes on forever. It is object-oriented design.
See also information about GRASP (which stands for "General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns")


text:
Of course..!!This is something not everyone will find themselves acquainted with. But if you make a wild guess for G yielding a geo or gravity, you land safe geek. The g-force associated with an object is its acceleration relative to free-fall. The force measured due to any acceleration other than the acceleration due to gravity is termed as g-force.
G-Force Monitor is a device that measures G-Forces in a moving car. This is a very interesting project. Although such devices are also available commercially, though I say this time and again; but making one on your own saves a lot on the pocket and adds tons on the brains.
It uses PIC 16F877 microcontroller, PIC firmware written in MikroC and software written in Delphi 7. The G-Force is measured using an accelerometer sensor. After much research, the designer had struck to a Three-Axis accelerometer board with ADXL330 sensor produced by Analog Devices. The 3-axis accelerometer board features a small, thin, low power, monolithic IC which measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of ±3 g and has 5V voltage level. The microcontroller is connected to IC MAX232 to enjoy a serial connection between the computer and itself. A 9V battery is used for power supply.
In electronics, a firmware is the most basic level software without which a device would be rendered useless. Another crucial thing about this device here is also its firmware. The firmware had been designed in Delphi 7. The user interface of the firmware here is very convenient. It has two graphics; a bigger one for time recording and a smaller one to show last 100 samples. You also have a calculator to make calculations and three real time displays. Besides, there are some conventional functions like New file, Save file, Open file, etc. Some specific buttons include Show Log, Auto Zoom, Swap Charts, Move Zero point and many more. Visit the designer's blog for acute details.


JotForm User Guide / Advanced Features /
How to Adjust the Opacity of a Form's Background
How to Adjust the Opacity of a Form's Background
UPDATE: Now you can specify the transparency-level directly in our updated Form Designer.
Sometimes, instead of having the background of a form fully transparent or opaque, we would like something in between. For example, the form on this page has a black background whose opacity is set at 60%. The effect was accomplished by first setting the background to "transparent" via the form builder's Preferences and then injecting a special CSS rule. Here's a page containing a different form whose background has the same degree of opacity but a different color. This article explains how to edit the injected CSS to adjust both a form's background's opacity and color.
Here's the CSS that was injected into the first form.
The First Declaration
As you've probably guessed, "rgb" is short for "red green blue": the three primary colors. So "background:rgb(0, 0, 0);" simply means that the color of the background has no red, no green and no blue, making it black. Each parameter ranges from 0 to 255, meaning that 16,777,216 colors are possible (256 * 256 * 256).
The Second Declaration
This is similar to the first declaration, except that it includes a fourth parameter to set the opacity which ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. "0.0" is full transparency (same as no opacity) and "1.0" is no transparency (same as full opacity).
Declarations 3 to 5 (must be included to accommodate various versions of Internet Explorer)
There must be NO changes made to the third declaration: "background:transparent\9;" If you notice that the backslash before the 9 is missing when you return to the Form Styles tab of the Preferences, make sure you replace it before closing the Preferences. Save the form when done.
Declarations 4 and 5 each contain two identical hexadecimal values (each containing 4 pairs of alpha-numeric characters, excluding the hash symbol) that must be changed when adjusting the color and/or opacity of the background. Moreover, all four values must match each other. In each hexadecimal value, the first pair of characters set the opacity; the second pair, the red level; the third, the green level and the fourth, the blue level. You may have noticed that whereas in the second declaration, the opacity is set by the rightmost parameter, in these fourth and fifth parameters that property is set by the leftmost pair of characters. It's one of those gotchas of which one needs to be mindful.
For a consistent appearance across browsers, the opacity and color settings in the fourth and fifth declarations must be equivalent to those in the first and second declarations. (Of course, as stated earlier, the first declaration has no opacity setting.) There are several online tools to convert RGB values to their hexadecimal equivalents but here's a good one. As to converting the opacity in the second declaration to it's hexadecimal equivalent, the figure (there are nine of them: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3... 0.9) first needs to be multiplied by 255 and then the result entered into the "Decimal" box here. After entering the number, hit [Return] ([Enter]). The two characters that appear in the "hexadecimal" box are those that should replace the first pair of characters in the hexadecimal values in declarations 4 and 5. For your convenience, the conversions are listed below:
0.1 == 25
0.2 == 33
0.3 == 4C
0.4 == 66
0.5 == 7F
0.6 == 99
0.7 == B2
0.8 == CC
0.9 == E5
The two extremes of the scale ("0.0 == 00" and "1.0 == FF") were purposely omitted because the former produces full transparency which makes setting the color useless, while the latter produces full opacity negating the need to set the color with injected CSS (adjusting the background color via the "Background" box found on the same tab of the Preferences would be sufficient).
Armed with the above information, it should now be clear why altering the injected CSS in the first form to this should produce a form with a background like the second example.
See also:
Contact Support:
Our team can be contacted via:
Contact JotForm Support:
Send Comment


text:
As of 2012 Burn Permits are no longer sold by fire departments, except Central Valley FD. Burn Permits are issued by The Gallatin County Burn Permit service – found at _URL_. The online service will allow citizens to purchase a burn permit using a debit/credit card or an electronic check. Citizens will also be able to activate their permit online or by calling the county's new automated phone system at 1-877-306-BURN (2876).
Open Burning is allowed only WITH A PERMIT between March 1st and November 30th unless a burn ban is in effect due to increased fire danger in the summer months. Permit holders are still required to use common sense and follow SPECIFIC GUIDELINES when burning. This includes notifying when the burn will occur and taking necessary safety measures to contain the burn. Your burn must be attended.
The following materials are PROHIBITED:
- Food wastes
- Animal droppings
- Treated lumber
- Dead animals or animal parts
- Pathogenic wastes
- Hazardous materials
- Materials resulting from salvage operations
- Automobile or aircraft bodies and interiors
- Insulated wire
- Oil and petroleum products
- Standing or demolished structure
- Wastes generating noxious odors
- Poultry litter
- Rubber material
- Tar paper
- Asphalt shingles
- Asbestos or asbestos-containg material
On the permit are "Fire Control Restrictions and Duties in Gallatin County." The Permit Holder agrees to these restrictions and duties when they sign and pay for their permit. If you have any further questions, please contact us.
Make sure you have a current burn permit and that you activate it each day you intend to burn. Be sure to follow the rules on your permit.
Safe conditions. No fire shall be set if wind or other weather conditions make it hazardous to burn. Check the weather forecast before lighting your burn. If winds are expected, consider burning on a different day. Be prepared for unexpected changes such as afternoon breezes or storms.
Preparation for fires. Before a fire is set, the Permit Holder or Designee shall ensure that adequate fire suppression equipment (water and tools) and personnel are present for fire control for the duration of the burn.
Control of Fire. The Permit Holder or Designee shall not leave the immediate fire area until the fire has completely burned out, that is, with no embers or smoke remaining as it only takes a split second for a burn to escape and do serious damage. Soak the remnants and mix them with hand tools, then feel for heat. If the remnants are too hot to touch with an ungloved hand, the fire is not out and should be soaked more. Some burns have reignited days after they were believed to be out.
Make sure you only burn clean, dry materials. Materials such as painted or stained woods, plastics, garbage and any other man-made materials are forbidden to be burned as they create air pollution and can cause dangerous events during your burn, such as explosions.
Consider breaking down large piles into smaller piles before you burn as smaller piles are easier to control. Also make sure your burn pile is well away from any structures, cars or other items that you do not want to burn.
Call for help. If your fire escapes or you feel like it is getting out of your control, call 911 immediately. It is much better to have firefighters respond early and assist you rather than having your fire get away and cause serious damage.


text:
BACKGROUND. Children treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts to manage hydrocephalus frequently develop shunt failure and/or infections, conditions that present with overlapping symptoms. The potential life-threatening nature of shunt infections requires rapid diagnosis; however, traditional microbiology is time consuming, expensive, and potentially unreliable. We set out to identify a biomarker that would identify shunt infection.
METHODS. CSF was assayed for the soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) by ELISA in patients with suspected shunt failure or infection. CSF was obtained at the time of initial surgical intervention. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of sMAC in pyogenic-infected versus noninfected patients.
RESULTS. Children with pyogenic shunt infection had significantly increased sMAC levels compared with noninfected patients (3,211 ± 1,111 ng/ml vs. 26 ± 3.8 ng/ml,
CONCLUSION. Elevated CSF sMAC levels are both sensitive and specific for diagnosing pyogenic shunt infection and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker during recovery from infection.
FUNDING. This work was supported in part by the Impact Fund of Children's of Alabama.
Theresa N. Ramos, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, Tessa E. Blackburn, Scott R. Barnum, James M. Johnston
CONSORT flow diagram.


text:
(Phys.org) -- Male beetles in Western Australia are mating with beer bottles in response to environmental change caused by human activity. A new book examines why, and the impacts on biodiversity.
Oxford University Press today announced the launch of Behavioral Responses to a Changing World: Mechanisms and Consequences by Dr. Bob Wong, of Monash University, and Ulrika Candolin from The University of Helsinki, Finland.
Drawing on international experts from across the globe, it is the first book of its kind devoted to understanding animal behavioral responses to environmental change. Behavioral Responses emphasises the vital links between environmental change, behavior and population dynamics which have been rarely examined in the context of one another.
Co-editor Dr. Bob Wong, Senior Lecturer at Monash Universitys School of Biological Sciences and an expert in behavioural and evolutionary ecology, said how animals respond to changed conditions was a growing area of research interest.
Due to human activities, almost all creatures live in environments that have been altered to some degree. The ability to behave accordingly under new conditions is crucial for survival, Dr. Wong said.
Environmental change caused by human activity is considered the greatest single threat to global biodiversity. Scientists are only now beginning to appreciate the important ecological and evolutionary implications of altered behaviours due to environmental change."
Dr. Wong said the initial response of many animals to human-induced environmental change is often behavioral, which in turn affects species interactions, population viability, evolution, and ultimately, biodiversity.
Some of these behaviors can be beneficial and buy more time for populations and species to genetically adapt to altered conditions. Some species might even thrive in urban environments. But behaviors can also be maladaptive, Dr. Wong said.
Male beetles, for example, are mating with beer bottles because they resemble female beetles and female fish in Mexico, living in polluted streams, are mating with male fish of the wrong species.
The comprehensive text discusses impacts on both the mechanisms underlying behavioral processes, as well as the longer-term ecological and evolutionary consequences. Topics as diverse as endocrine disruption, learning, reproduction, migration, species interactions and evolutionary rescue are canvassed.
Dr. Wong will officially present Behavioural Responses to a Changing World at a post-congress symposia of the 14th International Behavioral Ecology Congress on 18 August in Sweden.
Explore further: Encouraging signs for bee biodiversity


Balanced circulants
Given interer $k \geq 1$ and $m \geq 1$, let us introduce a graph $G(k,m) = (V,E)$ with circular symmetry as follows: $V = {\bf Z}_n = \{0,1,...,n-1\}$, where $n = 4km$, and $(i,j) \in E$ iff
\begin{displaymath}i-j + 4mt = +1 \;\; or \, -1 \;\; (mod \; n)\end{displaymath}
for some integer $t$. E.g. if $k=5, m=2$ then $n = 40$ and $(i,j) \in E$ iff $i - j (mod \; 40) \in \{7,9; 15,17; 23,25; 31,33; 39,1\}.$
It is not difficult to check that $G(k,m)$ is balanced, i.e. it has no odd cycles, nor $(4i+2)$-holes. In fact, it may only contain holes of length 4 and $4m$. Moreover, every $(4i+2)$-cycle has at least two chords. Hence, $G(k,m) - e$ is still balanced for any edge $e$, in agreement with Conjecture 2 from the section "Balanced Graphs". Conjecture 1 of the same section also holds for $G(k,m)$. Indeed, if $k > 1$ then $S = \{0; 4mi+1, 4mi-1 \; \vert \; i = 1, \ldots,k\}$ is a star cutset: 0 is an isolated vertex in $\bar{G}[S]$, while $4mj$ is an isolated vertex in $G[V \setminus S]$ for every $j = 1, \ldots, k;$ and if $k=1$ then $G(k,m)$ is $4m$-cycle, that is a basic graph
CONJECTURE. Every non-empty balanced circulant is isomorphic to a $G(k,m)$.
Contributed by Diogo Andrade, Endre Boros, and Vladimir Gurvich
Back to the main index for Perfect Graphs.


text:
What is the role of prayer at the Center for Spiritual Living (Designator)?
Center for Spiritual Living (Designator) honors all forms of prayer. In addition, we teach a unique and scientific form of prayer called Affirmative Prayer. This powerful, affirmative method of prayer was developed by Dr. Ernest Holmes -- it involves a five-step process that harnesses the creative process of consciousness. This type of powerful, scientific prayer allows new levels of health, wealth, love, and wholeness to become a reality in our lives.


text:
Changes in rates of suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in England and Wales
Background. Self-asphyxiation using car exhaust gas is a common method of suicide in England and Wales, particularly in young males. The introduction of catalytic converters has reduced the toxicity of car exhausts. The main aims of the study were: to seek evidence of a fall in car exhaust suicides in the general population and in age and gender groups; to relate any fall to changes in car exhaust systems, particularly since legislation on car exhaust emissions in 1993; and to examine rates of suicide by other methods for evidence of method substitution.
Methods. Population study in England and Wales using national suicide statistics for 1987 to 1998.
Results. There was a fall in suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in all age and gender groups. This change was most marked after 1993. The overall population suicide rate (all methods) also fell but there was no overall change in suicides by young males or females. In these groups suicide by hanging increased.
Conclusions. Legislation on catalytic converters appears to have contributed to a fall in car exhaust suicides. However, the effect on overall suicide rates in young people has been reduced by method substitution.
c1 Address for correspondence: Professor Louis Appleby, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 8LR.


Do you abuse your keyboard and mouse when stressed? Microsoft researcher says you aren't alone
Keyboards and mice definitely take abuse. I have witnessed some horrific keyboard conditions -- full of crumbs, dust and lord-knows-what. Not to mention, have you looked in the seams of your mouse lately? There may be a build-up of grime -- yuck! Gamers in particular are known to severely beat the crap out of their input devices when playing a stressful game. Even if it isn't intentional, as a game of Quake 4 heats up, people are known to smash the keys on the keyboard and the buttons on their mouse.
If gamers are known to beat the crap out of their input devices when stressed, what is to say we all don't? In other words, whether writing a paper or editing a spreadsheet under a deadline, maybe the amount of pressure that the person uses can detect stress. Well, Microsoft researcher Mary Czerwinski and her team decided to prove that theory through experimentation. The findings are eye-opening.
But what was found in the study? "During a 30-minute session, 24 participants performed several computerized tasks consisting of expressive writing, text transcription, and mouse clicking. During the stressful conditions, the large majority of the participants showed significantly increased typing pressure (>79 percent of the participants) and more contact with the surface of the mouse (75 percent of the participants). We discuss the potential implications of this work and provide recommendations for future work".
By analyzing the data, the research team makes the following observations:
 - Mondays are typically challenging for workers, in that they may have difficulty diving immediately into work tasks.
 - Mornings are less productive than afternoons.
 - Workers are happiest when they're completing work that is easy, and that doesn't require much concentration or focus.
 - When it comes to mood and productivity, breaks are actually good for employees.
While all of this is well and good, a great study not only tells a story and reveals observations, but provides solutions too. In other words, they have identified that people react physically to input devices when stressed and which tasks and times of day are the most stressful. Now what?
Microsoft researcher Mary Czerwinski says, "there are ways you can design software that would alleviate stress. If you're a software designer or a tech designer, and you're trying to figure out what makes people frustrated and what makes people happy, you're obviously going to design better tools. With pressure-sensitive keyboards, we could harness the signal and make great use of it. I get super excited about increasing users' happiness and the positivity we can bring to design".
Overall, the study is not earth-shattering -- the fact that people react negatively to stress and take it out on their keyboard and mouse is nothing new. However, the concept of utilizing pressure-sensitive devices to detect and track stress has many positive implications for workplace health; both physical and mental.
Do you pound or type harder on your keyboard when stressed? Tell me in the comments.
Photo Credit: CREATISTA / Shutterstock


text:
Trouble-free and safe operation
Monitoring and controlling hydraulic pressure and temperature in wind turbine equipment and subsystems is a complex process; at start-up, pressure rises and at shutdown it's released, and for lubrication and rotation functions, maintaining a minimum pressure level is crucial. To ensure smooth and safe operation, the temperatures of the hydraulic unit, generator, drive shaft, gearbox, oil braking and cooling systems have to be accurately monitored and controlled. That's where Danfoss comes in.
Pressure and temperature signals are used by controllers to adjust valves, pumps and other equipment to maintain stable operation and, increasingly, to control safety functions. Designed to handle over-pressure and pressure spikes, liquid cavitations, dirt contamination, intense operating cycles, and extreme temperatures, Danfoss pressure transmitters and temperature sensors have been keeping wind turbines rotating, and safe, for decades.
Two industry favorites are the MBS 3000 pressure transmitter and the MBT 5310 temperature sensor. Fitted with a pulse snubber, the MBS 3000 can withstand water hammer, liquid cavitation and pressure peaks. Designed to handle the heavy vibrations in wind turbines, the MBT 5310 features a spring-loaded sensor to ensure close and reliable contact – furthermore it can withstand temperatures up to 200°C.
If you'd like to hear more about how Danfoss can help getting the best from your monitoring and control equipment, please contact your nearest Danfoss dealer.
By Per Sønderriis, Global Sales Manager Wind Energy


text: Purpose: Several clinical trials have combined antiangiogenic agents and radiation therapy (RT), but evidence of its clinical benefit is insufficient. In this study, we rationalized and investigated the combination of vascular endothelial growth factor-Grab (VEGF-Grab), an antiangiogenic drug that inhibits VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PIGF) and radiotherapy for anti-cancer therapy. Methods and Materials: To observe for changes in PIGF after radiation, HCT116, HCT15, SW480, BxPC3, and RAW264.7 cells and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and BxPC3 tumors were given 10 Gy of radiation, and changes in the expression of PIGF were analyzed. Patients scheduled for RT for solid tumor mass were recruited, and their plasma VEGF-A and PIGF were analyzed at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after the start of radiotherapy. To assess the effects of combining VEGF-Grab and radiotherapy, mice bearing LLC tumors were given 10 Gy of radiation once and 25 mg/ kg of VEGF-Grab every 2 days for 5 rounds. To show that VEGF-Grab is effective in human tumors, mice bearing BxPC3 xenografts were given 2 doses of 15 mg/kg of VEGF-Grab or VEGF-Trap. To assess the efficacy of combination therapy in BxPC3 xenografts, the same experiment used in the LLC model was performed. Results: We demonstrated that PIGF is increased as a direct consequence of irradiation in vitro and in vivo and in the plasma of patients being treated with radiation. Using a syngeneic tumor model, we showed that the combination of VEGF-Grab and RT most effectively inhibited tumor growth through antiangiogenesis, tumor vessel normalization, and tumor-associated macrophage polarization from protumorigenic M2-type to antitumorigenic M1 -type. Finally, we demonstrated similar enhanced antitumor effects using a human xenograft model. Conclusions: This study shows that PIGF is a potential target in patients being treated with RT and suggests VEGF-Grab as a viable therapeutic option in the context of inhibiting secondarily activated pathways responsible for tumor recurrence. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
This paper examines the use of a so-called "generalised Hammerstein-Wiener" model structure that is formed as the concatenation of an arbitrary number of Hammerstein systems. The latter are taken here to be memoryless non-linearities followed by linear time invariant dynamics. Hammerstein, Wiener, Hammerstein-Wiener and Wiener-Hammerstein models are all special cases of this structure. The parameter estimation of this model is investigated by using a standard prediction error criterion coupled with a robust gradient based search algorithm. This approach is profiled using the Wiener-Hammerstein system benchmark data, which illustrates it to be effective and, via Monte-Carlo simulation, relatively robust against capture in local minima.
15th IFAC Symposium on System Identification (SYSID 2009). Proceedings of the 15th IFAC Symposium on System Identification (Saint-Malo, France 6-8 July, 2009) p. _PHONE_


Sunday, January 24, 2021
Island Checklist - Flora
As with fauna, flora is also part of mother nature and cannot be criticised.
Again, this is to advise clients to inspect the island carefully to see whether they can live with what is there and to study what grows on the island.
In certain areas, there are poisonous plants. Some plants can cause allergic reactions. There are coconut trees on many tropical islands. There is also a danger that a coconut could fall on your head if the trees are not maintained. If noone is maintaining the island, it would be wise to consider this safety point very carefully.
Studying flora closely also gives you an idea of what kind of ground water is on the island. Experts can read how much ground water available from the vegetation. The vegetation also signifies whether the island is self-sufficient or not.
In summary: studying the island's flora is a worthwhile and useful point on the checklist.


Two new models for the two-person red-and-black game
May Ru Chen, Shoou Ren Hsiau
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
1 Citation (Scopus)
In a two-person red-and-black game, each player holds an integral amount of chips. At each stage of the game, each player can bet any integral amount in his possession, winning the chips of his opponent with a probability which is a function of the ratio of his bet to the sum of both players' bets and is called a win probability function. Both players seek to maximize the probability of winning the entire fortune of his opponent. In this paper we propose two new models. In the first model, at each stage, there is a positive probability that two players exchange their bets. In the second model, the win probability functions are stage dependent. In both models, we obtain suitable conditions on the win probability functions such that it is a Nash equilibrium for the subfair player to play boldly and for the superfair player to play timidly.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)97-108
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Applied Probability
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 2010 Mar
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - Statistics and Probability
 - Mathematics(all)
 - Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Two new models for the two-person red-and-black game'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
anemic anoxia n.
See anemic hypoxia.
- Anemic halo
anemic halo anemic halo n. A pale, relatively avascular area in the skin seen around spider nevi, cherry angiomas, and some acute macular eruptions.
- Anemic hypoxia
anemic hypoxia anemic hypoxia n. Hypoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of functional hemoglobin or a reduced number of erythrocytes. Also called anemic anoxia.
- Anemic infarct
anemic infarct anemic infarct n. An infarct in which little or no bleeding into tissue occurs when the blood supply is obstructed. Also called white infarct. Historical Examples The arteries of the heart are not terminal vessels but as a rule blocking of a large branch leads to anemic infarct. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: Louis Marshall […]
Pathology. suffering from. lacking power, vigor, vitality, or colorfulness; listless; weak: an anemic effort; anemic tones. Contemporary Examples His last published work was a poorly received, anemically selling biography of Sarah Palin. Joe McGinniss: The Hide of an Alligator, And Then Some Lloyd Grove March 11, 2014 Historical Examples Indeed it was anemically green; […]


text:
The measurement of low levels of water in solvents is paramount to several chemical processes. The following communication discusses the measurement of the water concentration in solvents by utilizing fiber optic based, Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.
NIR is capable of being applied in real time mode for constant process monitoring or as a laboratory procedure. Through quick non-destructive analysis, the NIR technique saves time and money in either case. In addition, NIR provides the advantage of increased safety in comparison to traditional methods through utilizing remote sampling by fiber optics.
The NIR segment of the electromagnetic spectrum includes information from the overtone and combination bands of the C-H, O-H, and N-H fundamentals. This information is connected to the chemical composition and is capable of being used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
As water has two strong absorption bands in the NIR, it is a brilliant candidate for carrying out low level measurements. The bands connected to water appear at 1,400 nm and 1,900 nm, the latter being the strongest.
The background solvent and water concentration decide the choice of band to use. Via measuring the NIR spectra of a sequence of samples of known water concentration, a quantitative model can be formed which will facilitate the measurement of water in upcoming samples based only on the NIR spectrum.
Experimental – Water in Methanol
The NIR spectra of a series of 22 samples of varying levels of water in methanol were measured between 1,000 and 2,100 nm by utilizing a Guided Wave NIR-O™ Process NIR Spectrometry and a 1 cm pathlength cell at a constant temperature. Absorbance spectra of the samples with water concentrations in the range of 0% to 2% is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. NIR Spectra of Water in Methanol 0-2%
The methanol causes the high absorbance levels in the data from 1,400 to 1,800 nm. This section of the spectrum is not necessary for water measurements and will be excluded from the analysis. Quantitative Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration models was created from the spectra and concentration data using Camo's Unscrambler™ multivariate analysis software. A discussion of the PLS regression method and other multivariate calibration techniques is available with Martens and Naes and ASTM E1655.
Results – Water in Methanol
Figure 2 shows the results of the data analysis. The model RMSEP cv (root mean square error of prediction for cross validation) was 507 ppm for the whole breadth of values. This is equal to around 1% of relative error on average. The experiment was carried out at constant temperature. Spectral data alterations are anticipated with temperature variations; however, this can be compensated for via including samples measured at different temperatures in the model.
Figure 2. Predicted vs. Actual Water in Methanol
Experimental – Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
To display lower levels of water measurement, the NIR spectra of a series of 17 samples with different levels of water in a hydrocarbon background were measured in the range from 1,100 nm to 1,600 nm using a Guided Wave NIR-O Process NIR Spectrometer and a 3 cm pathlength cell. A longer pathlength is utilized to permit the use of the 1,400 nm peak. The absorbance spectra of the samples with water concentrations in the range of 0 to 1,500 ppm is showed in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Absorbance Spectra - Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
The water band is visible in the 1,400 nm area. This section of the spectrum was chosen for the regression analysis. To correct for baseline offsets, a first derivative was applied to the spectral data and the ensuing data used with the concentration data to make a quantitative model using PLS regression.
Results – Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
Figure 4 illustrates the results of the low level water measurements. The model RMSEP cv (root mean square error of prediction for cross validation) was 16 ppm water. Water is capable of being detected at significantly lower levels in solvents lacking OH because there is less interaction between the base solvent and the water.
Figure 4. Predicted vs Actual Water in Hydrocarbon
The measurement of the water levels in solvents by NIR spectroscopy is both quick and dependable using the Guided Wave hardware and software tools as expressed here. This method yields real-time (seconds) available results that make it a valuable tool for process measurement.
This method can be employed in either a process or a laboratory setting.
References and Further Reading
- H. Martens, T. Naes, Multivariate Calibration, John Wiley and Sons, 1989.
- ASTM E1655 Standard Practices for Infrared, Multivariate, Quantitative Analysis.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Guided Wave.
For more information on this source, please visit Guided Wave.


x2.
 - RodStephens says:
 That's right. The points p3=(X3, Y3) are the points where the circles intersect. If they intersect at a single point, then you get a single result. You get the same result twice because of the way the equations work.
 If you want to find the perpendicular bisector (the line between the two circles), you need to use another method. Just take the vector connecting the circles' centers, swap them, and reverse one of the signs. For example, suppose the vector is . Then the perpendicular vectors are and <-dy, dx>. You can use those and the single point P3 to get the bisector.
 18. AmilaSAS says:
 Thankz. Helped me a lot.
 19. Jonny says:
 Hi Rod, thanks so much for your work! What I don't understand is where this part of the formula comes from: X3 = X2 + h(Y1 – Y0) / d??
 - RodStephens says:
 Sorry, that was perhaps too big a step.
 The vector gives a vector from point p0 to point p1.
 Switching them and changing their signs with the +/- and -/+ give perpendicular vectors. Those point in the direction from point p2 toward the two points p3.
 All we need to do now is scale the new vectors so they have the correct lengths. To do that, we divide them by the vectors' length d and then multiply by the desired length h.
 The result is two vectors with lengths d pointing from point p2 to the points p3.
 20. Pingback: Draw interlocked circles in C# - C# HelperC# Helper
 21. Pingback: Perform trilateration in C# - C# HelperC# Helper
 22. Teron says:
 Great! thanks!!!
Leave a Reply


Types of Staples
bizfluent article image
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
Staples hold two or more objects together by punching through the material and bending back on themselves. There are a variety of staples used for different types of paper and various thicknesses. Research the intended purpose for the types of staples in your home or office to ensure they are being used for the proper tasks.
Standard Staples
Standard staples are the most common types of staples found in homes and offices. They are 1/4 of an inch in length and have beveled tips, or tips that are perpendicular to the ends that connect to them. These types of staples will fit any standard stapler. Standard staples will hold pieces of paper to walls and cork boards.
Heavy-Duty Staples
Heavy-duty staples are made thicker than standard staples. They come in 1/4-inch, 3/8-inch, 1/2-inch and 3/4-inch lengths. There are fewer heavy-duty staples per strip than with standard staples because of their thicker width. Heavy-duty staples can puncture through more pieces of paper, usually up to 20 or more. The points are chiseled to penetrate more material than a standard staple. They can also hold heavier objects on walls and cork boards. Heavy-duty staples also work well to bind thick material, such as denim, if you are in need of a quick wardrobe fix.
bizfluent article image
Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images
Mini-staplers are marketed primarily to students. These lighter, smaller staples travel well and take up less space. The stapler will require smaller staples than those used in standard staplers. Mini-staples are harder to find and are usually made for a certain brand of stapler. These staplers provide a way to bind papers together when on the fly. They will not be able to staple a significant amount of paper together, however, because of their small size.
Construction Staples
Staples are also used in home repair and construction jobs. These staples are thick and have highly chiseled tips. This type of staple is ejected out of the stapler at a high speed. This makes using a professional stapler dangerous and you should exercise safety and caution. Wear safety glasses and gloves. High intensity staples are used to staple dry wall to 2-by-4 wood frames.


text:
Continuing to educate about basic compositional techniques,
- What is "Lead Room?"
- Why is it important to consider Lead Room when taking pictures?
- When do I apply it to my photography?
What is Lead Room?
Lead Room (also variously referred to as leading, nose room, or leading space) is a foundational compositional technique that is frequently employed in the visual arts such as cinematography, painting, and of course photography. In essence the 'rule' of lead room is that when framing a subject, well composed shots will include 'white space' in the direction that a subject is facing, or in the case of moving objects, in front of the direction that an object is moving.
Why is lead room important?
Lead room is an important compositional technique to keep in mind even if you're deciding to break the guideline and not give a photo lead room because altering the lead room has the potential to alter the mood or 'feeling' of a photograph. For example, in this portrait lead room has been given in the direction the model's body is facing and as a result the portrait feels open and relaxed.
But if we take the same exact picture and shift the model to the other side of the frame, all of a sudden it feels as though the model is cramped within the frame.
The effects of lead room can be even more pronounced when the subject of a photograph is in motion. In the following image the airplane has a sense of moving through the frame from left to right because it appears that it has room to move...
Whereas when the same photograph is cropped so the photograph's white space is behind the airplane all of a sudden there seems to be something missing. There's a sense of motion that has been removed because there doesn't appear to be anywhere for the plane to go!
How do I apply lead room to my photography
Like most things in photography, this is not a 'hard-and-fast' rule... more accurately this is a rule of thumb. Generally speaking, lead room can be applied to living subjects (e.g. humans, animals, etc.), and objects in motion. Inanimate objects that aren't in motion can't really benefit from using lead room. But it is important to understand the effects on a images perception that lead room can have as you compose your pictures in order to take advantage of (or negate the advantage of) this rule of thumb.
Original airplane image courtesy of Alvaretz. Used via Creative Commons Attribution.
|show 4 more comments|
I'd like to add a couple of small things to _USER_'s excellent answer...
I think what lead room is has been answered so I'll add just one thing. Like the rule of thirds, golden ratio and other composition guidelines, lead room is just another tool in the arsenal of composition. Sometimes it applies, sometimes there's no need for lead room (such as a person's face filling 90% of the frame for a portrait).
Lead room should be a naturally occurring composition element, just like the rule of thirds and such. They should come as a result of feeling the need for more space on a specific side of the frame, per sé, not as a result of thinking, "oh yeah, I 'need' lead room".
When I'm composing a photo (even if it's in a fast paced environment), I'm "feeling" my way toward the composition that feels right, then I click the shutter. I rarely ever do a mental check list of composition "rules" in my head.
I hope I'm making sense.


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To mock repeatedly; flout.
- To cause to appear mock or unreal; excel or surpass, as the genuine surpasses the counterfeit.
- v. archaic To ridicule or mock.
- v. transitive To mock repeatedly; flout.
- v. transitive To cause to appear as if mock or unreal; excel or surpass, as the genuine surpasses the counterfeit.
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. To mock; to ridicule.
- v. treat with contempt
- From be- + mock. (Wiktionary)
"I began to understand what an annoyance it must be to have a bough up there that you couldn't flick at with your stick as you passed by, and that even when weighed down by its summer greenery would bemock you if you made a casual clutch at its foliage, and laugh at you in its leaves."
"The Suitors bemock the prophet, who leaves the company with another fateful vision:"
"His sides bemock the bending charms of waving Tamarisk, [FN#438] *"
"In the void imbroglios of Chaos only, and realms of Bedlam, does some shadow of it hover, to bewilder and bemock the poor inhabitants _there."
"Bedlam, does some shadow of it hover, to bewilder and bemock the poor inhabitants _there_."
"But he lay still, and the King's Son answered the Lady and said: "I know not what is in thine heart concerning this runagate, that thou shouldst bemock me with his valiancy, whereof thou knowest nought."
These user-created lists contain the word 'bemock'.
Inspired by fbharjo (see spitchcock).
Words from the poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Looking for tweets for bemock.


text:
New Zealand's universities risk slipping further down the international rankings if the Government doesn't urgently address its misplaced spending priorities, National's Tertiary Education Spokesperson Paula Bennett says.
"For the first time in nearly two decades universities in New Zealand have received no increase in Government funding, not even to keep up with inflation, instead directing $2.8 billion into the failed policy to increase student numbers.
"This means that universities are being forced to make cuts to staffing, with the anticipation that there will be more to come. These cuts will negatively impact the ratio of staff to students and jeopardise the quality of tertiary education delivered in New Zealand.
"If our universities are unable to maintain the number of staff they have had as a result of a lack of Government funding they will continue to slide down the international rankings. This will make it harder for them to attract staff, which will cause the quality to drop even further.
"The Government needs to consider what is really important here, participation numbers or the quality of our tertiary education.
"We can be sure that if we don't maintain the quality of our tertiary education institutions, the best and brightest students will just take their enrolments overseas.
"The Minister has put all his eggs in a misplaced basket with his badly targeted $2.8 billion fees free policy and hasn't considered the funding needs of the tertiary education sector.
"National is committed to ensuring quality education is delivered in New Zealand and our tertiary education system is supplying the skills we need to support our growing economy."


text:
Handbook of Research on Ergonomics and Product Design
Título de la revista
Castillo-Martínez, Juan A
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
IGI Global Publishing
Product design is an important field where ergonomics and human factors should be applied. To achieve this goal, effective strategies for process improvement must be researched and implemented. Theories, Methods, and Applications in Ergonomics and Product Design is a critical scholarly resource that provides new theories, methodologies, and applications of ergonomics and product design and redesign. Featuring a broad range of topics such as additive manufacturing, product analysis, and sustainable packing development, this book is geared towards academicians, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on new theories, methods, and applications related to ergonomics and product design.
Product, Ergonomics, Human factors, Theories, Methods


On This Page
SAML Apps and SHA256 Certificates
Certificates with a SHA256 signature are supported for SAML 2.0 applications with Okta. You can create new integrations that use SHA256 certificates and update existing integrations from SHA1 certificates to SHA256 certificates. Existing integrations are not changed automatically. The SHA256 certificates and the SHA1 certificates are self-signed.
Why Should I Do This?
To take advantage of the additional security features of SHA256 certificates.
New SAML 2.0 App Integrations
New SAML 2.0 app integrations automatically use SHA256 certificates. As instructed, upload the SHA256 certificate to the ISV.
Existing SAML 2.0 App Integrations
To update existing app integrations, there are four steps to follow.
 1. List your apps and get the app id, name, and label for each app to update.
 For each app to update, perform the following steps.
 2. Generate a new application key credential.
 3. Update the key credential for the app to specify the new signing key id.
 4. Upload the new certificate to the ISV. (This step cannot be automated.)
Important: After you complete the first three steps, your users cannot access the application until Step 4 is completed.
Determine the Signature Algorithm of a Certificate
You can find the signature algorithm of a certificate either by using the command line or by uploading your certificate to a free, online certificate decoder service.
If you have OpenSSL installed, from the command line run:
openssl x509 -text -noout -in
 is the certificate filename relative to the current directory. The certificate must be in PEM format. Use a plain text editor like Notepad or Textedit to save the certificate text from the x5c element returned from an API call, and add the Begin Certificate and End Certificate lines with the hyphens to the top and bottom of the file, as shown below. Trailing white spaces, such as a space or carriage return, at the end of the file make the certificate invalid. (The certificate shown below has been altered and is not valid.)
Use a free CSR and Certificate Decoder service and enter the contents of your certificate. These tools are readily found through a web search. Be sure to note the certificate format that the decoder service requires.
The Signature Algorithm is either sha256WithRSAEncryption or sha1WithRSAEncryption.
Obtaining the Certificate for an App from a URL
You can obtain the current certificate for an app from the following URL:
https://-admin.okta.com/admin/org/security//cert
 is your organization's Okta subdomain.
 is the application ID you used in Step 1.
Note: Certificates downloaded with this method contain the Begin Certificate and End Certificate lines.


text:
There have been numerous studies on colors and humans. But what about colors and their effects on dogs? According to an article from Pet Centric, colors may affect your dog too.
The first step in answering that question is to know what colors dogs see. Dogs do see colors, but the colors they see aren't as vivid or as many as we see. Most experts agree that while they can't see reds and greens, dogs do see most other colors — including blacks, whites, grays, yellows and blues. That means a toy that looks red or green to you doesn't look the same to your dog, it probably looks dark gray.
How do we know dogs see colors? The dog's eye — and the human eye — have special light catching cells called cones. But since your dog has fewer cones than you, his color vision won't be as intense as yours.
In a study at the University of California — Santa Barbara, dogs were shown three light panels in a row. Two of the panels were the same color while the third was different. If the dog could identify the one that was different and press that panel, he was rewarded with a treat.
Using this method, the study suggested that dogs see the world in mostly yellows, blues and grays. They see green, yellow and orange as a shade of yellow. Violet and blue both appear blue.
To see if color impacts your dog's moods and behavior, try your own experiments. Red, orange and yellow are stimulating to humans but blue and violet are calming. Toss your dog two toys — one yellow and one blue — and see if the yellow toy inspires a more energetic playtime. Or the next time your dog gets anxious from a thunderstorm or noisy fireworks, try exposing him to soothing colors. (Of course, any serious anxiety issues should be discussed with your veterinarian.)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to find a way to get the text in a Visio shape to shrink to fit the width of the shape, otherwise leave the font at the default.
Is there a shapesheet function I can use to change the font size of the text so that it doesn't exceed the width of the shape?
Ultimately I'd like to be able to assign this when automatically building the shape using VBA, so if there's some way to get the width of text that way, maybe I can do that.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can resize the font of the text block using automation if the text exceeds the size of the shape. I found that the following works.
Open the shape's shapesheet (Window->Show Shapesheet) and add the user section (Insert->Section->User-defined Cells). Put this formula in the value cell for User.Row_1:
After the shape text changes, get the value of the user cell. in c#:
double scale = shape.get_CellsSRC((short)IVisio.VisSectionIndices.visSectionUser, (short)IVisio.VisRowIndices.visRowUser, (short)IVisio.VisCellIndices.visUserValue).ResultIU;
Then set the font, and the TextMargins (for any that are non-zero) with the following (assuming the normal font size is 12 and the left margin is 4pt.:
shape.get_CellsSRC((short)IVisio.VisSectionIndices.visSectionCharacter, 0, (short)IVisio.VisCellIndices.visCharacterSize).FormulaU = (scale*12).ToString() + "pt";
shape.get_CellsSRC((short)IVisio.VisSectionIndices.visSectionObject, (short)IVisio.VisRowIndices.visRowText, (short)IVisio.VisCellIndices.visTxtBlkLeftMargin).FormulaU = (scale * 4).ToString() + "pt";
share|improve this answer
I don't know of a way to size text to the shape unless you change the font size, but there are ways to size shapes to the text instead of the other way around.
share|improve this answer
Yeah, my shapes can't be resized the way they're used, so the text has to just fit into the shape as it exists. Maybe that link will show me how to do it the other way...Thanks – Jon Fournier Dec 9 '09 at 17:20
Your Answer


Joseline - Meaning of Joseline, What does Joseline mean?
home > girl names > joseline
Joseline - Meaning of Joseline
What does Joseline mean?
Meaning of the name Joseline
[ 4 syll. jo-se-li-ne, jos-el-ine ] The baby girl name Joseline is pronounced as JHow-SEH-LiyiyN, JHow-SEH-Liy-Nehor ZJHow-SEH-LiyiyN †. Joseline is used mostly in German and its language of origin is Old French. Joseline is a derivative of the English and German name Jocelyn.
Joseline is rare as a baby girl name. At the peak of its usage in 2007, 0.013% of baby girls were named Joseline. It was #968 in rank then. The baby name has markedly dropped in popularity since then, and is currently used on a very modest scale. Out of the family of girl names directly related to Joseline, Jocelyn was the most commonly used in 2012.
Baby names that sound like Joseline include Jacalynn, Jackalynn (English), Jocelyne (English), Jolena (English), Josalynn (English), Julie Anna, Julie-Anna, Julieanna (English), Giliana, Giuliana (Italian), Giulianna, Jacalin, Jacaline (English), Jacalyn (English), Jacelyn (English), Jackalene (English), Jackalin (English), Jackaline, Jackalinne, and Jackalyn (English).
† English pronunciation for Joseline: JH as in "joy (JH.OY)" ; OW as in "oak (OW.K)" ; S as in "see (S.IY)" ; EH as in "ebb (EH.B)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; N as in "knee (N.IY)"
Joseline Baby Name Explorer
Meaning of Joseline Meaning of Jocelyn
Baby Name Explorer for Joseline
blue:boy name
red:girl name
italics:unisex name
bold:primary name
Joseline - Meaning of Joseline, What does Joseline mean?