text:
What Is Skullcap?
Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Other names for skullcap (alternatively spelled as "scullcap") include huang qin and baikal skullcap.
Uses of Skullcap
In herbal medicine, skullcap is typically used to treat the following:
Benefits of Skullcap
To date, few clinical trials have explored the health effects of skullcap. However, preliminary research suggests the herb may be useful in treatment of these health conditions:
1) Memory Impairment
In a 2008 study on mice, scientists discovered that oroxylin A (an antioxidant found in the roots of skullcap) may help protect against memory impairment induced by amyloid beta (a substance that forms the brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease).
2) Prostate Cancer
Compounds found in skullcap may help slow the growth of prostate cancer tumors, suggests a 2005 study on mice. Skullcap was a constituent of the herbal formula PC-SPES, a dietary supplement that was taken off the market because some batches were found to contain prescription medications. Although a number of laboratory and animal studies showed that PC-SPES may thwart the growth of prostate cancer cells, it's not known if those anticancer effects were due to the action of the herbs or the prescription medications.
3) Parkinson's Disease
Published in 2008, a study on mice found that baicalein (another skullcap-derived antioxidant) may help protect nerve cells from damage associated with Parkinson's disease (a chronic condition that causes tremor, stiffness of the limbs and trunk, impaired balance and coordination, and slowing of movement).
Is Skullcap Safe?
Although skullcap is generally considered safe, a report published in 2001 warns that the herb may have a causal association with pneumonitis (inflammation of the lung tissue). Given the potential adverse effects of skullcap use, it's important to consult a doctor before taking this herb.
Where to Find Skullcap
Skullcap is sold in many health food stores, often in supplement formulas containing other Chinese herbs.
Bonham M, Posakony J, Coleman I, Montgomery B, Simon J, Nelson PS. "Characterization of chemical constituents in Scutellaria baicalensis with antiandrogenic and growth-inhibitory activities toward prostate carcinoma." Clin Cancer Res. 2005 15;11(10):3905-14.
Cheng Y, He G, Mu X, Zhang T, Li X, Hu J, Xu B, Du G. "Neuroprotective effect of baicalein against MPTP neurotoxicity: behavioral, biochemical and immunohistochemical profile." Neurosci Lett. 2008 15;441(1):16-20.
Kim DH, Kim S, Jeon SJ, Son KH, Lee S, Yoon BH, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Ryu JH. "The effects of acute and repeated oroxylin A treatments on Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment in mice." Neuropharmacology. 2008 55(5):639-47.


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Regex in Python to put spaces between words starting with capital letters
 - Last Updated : 30 Jun, 2021
Given an array of characters, which is basically a sentence. However, there is no space between different words and the first letter of every word is in uppercase. You need to print this sentence after the following amendments:
 1. Put a single space between these words.
 2. Convert the uppercase letters to lowercase.
Input : BruceWayneIsBatman
Output : bruce wayne is batman
Input : GeeksForGeeks
Output : geeks for geeks
We have an existing solution for this problem, please refer Put spaces between words starting with capital letters link.
We can solve this problem quickly in python using findall() method of re (regex) library
Approach :
 1. Split each word starting with a capital letter using re.findall(expression, str) method.
 2. Now change the capital letter of each word to lowercase and concatenate each word with space.
import re
def putSpace(input):
 # regex [A-Z][a-z]* means any string starting
 # with capital character followed by many
 # lowercase letters
 words = re.findall('[A-Z][a-z]*', input)
 # Change first letter of each word into lower
 # case
 for i in range(0,len(words)):
 print(' '.join(words))
# Driver program
if __name__ == "__main__":
 input = 'BruceWayneIsBatman'
bruce wayne is batman
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text:
Model Development Code for Small Cities
First published in 1999, Oregon's Model Development Code and User's Guide for Small Cities ("Model Code") has been used widely around Oregon. The TGM Program developed the model in response to numerous requests for assistance from Oregon communities. Small cities wanted consistent guidance and technical expertise in zoning, development standards, review procedures, and implementation of state planning rules and statutes.
In developing the model code, now in its Third Edition (2012), the TGM Program worked with a statewide advisory committee consisting of city officials, planning commissioners, state and regional planning agency representatives, and land use advocates, and business representatives.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The UK Tax System Explained to Students
12 page Work Booklet Citizenship GCSE
GCSE Citizenship or Business (9-1) CIT/C8/WB/66
Work Booklet Outcomes:
-To study the UK tax system and understand the different types of taxes that exist
-To understand how income tax is calculated and what amounts to a tax-free allowance
-To evaluate whether austerity is working in Britain and if a new 1% NHS tax should be introduced
It can be used to teach this topic, through a range of stimulating exercises, encouraging discussion and liven up lessons through structured engagement between students.
This Booklet Contains:
o Revision Summary Topic Map
o Contemporary case studies around this topic
o A clear focus on key terms and literacy-based activities
o Differentiated Exam Questions and Practice (1-5 and 6-9)
o Key term Revision Cards
o Brand New Revision Activities
o Lots of ready-to-use student worksheets designed to be written on
o A wide range of activities, to suit all types of learners.
o Minimal preparation required – Just print and go!
o Discussion activities included in with every case study, challenging your most able students
o Links to online digital and flipped learning activities
Professional study work booklet of classroom-ready activities will enthuse and engage students, and ensure they get the most from their Citizenship GCSE (9-1-2016 onwards course.)
Fully matched to cover all specification content for GCSE Citizenship. Just Print & go! CIT/C8/WB/66

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Tree Limb – Orange Fungus
Q: I recently noticed a couple of leafless limbs on my sawtooth oak. They also have a scaly orange fungus and one had a gelatinous, drippy mass of some sort.
A: It looks like both limbs were shaded out by limbs above. Since their leaves produced nothing the tree aborted them. This is a normal phenomenon: lower limbs get shaded by upper ones as a tree grows taller.
Your next job is to remove the dead limbs correctly. Do not cut limbs flush to the trunk, but make the cut at the collar. The collar is the slightly swollen transition area at the base of the branch where it joins the trunk. Cutting flush with the trunk will leave a much larger wound than cutting at the collar and it may never heal, leading to a hollow tree.
Wound dressings applied to the wound don't help reduce decay and are not recommended.
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As always, corrections to my misconceptions/misstatements are appreciated. This question is related to the following one, but in this question the algebras considered are commutative: Non-smooth algebra with smooth representation variety
The "commuting scheme" X is defined intuitively as "pairs of nxn commuting matrices." More precisely, it's the subscheme of the affine space $M_n(\mathbb{C})\times M_n(\mathbb{C})$ defined by the equations in the entries of the matrices corresponding to the matrix equations "XY = YX," which are $n^2$ homogenous equations of degree n. To the best of my knowledge, the question of whether X is reduced is an old problem that is still open.
The commuting scheme is naturally isomorphic to $Rep^n_\mathbb{C}(\mathbb{C}[x,y])$. This leads to my question: Is there an algebra A such that $Spec(A)$ is reduced but $Rep_\mathbb{C}^n(A)$ is not reduced? Even stronger, is there an A with $Spec(A)$ smooth and $Rep_\mathbb{C}^n(A)$ non-reduced? My guess would be yes for both, but I'm not sure how to find one for either one.
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text:
But when used to human handouts, the cute monkeys become less pleasant. They stop looking for food in the forest and pester humans instead. The aggressive will snatch food away from children; they can get very aggressive.
Feeding also results in an unnaturally large monkey group size. A normal group of monkeys in the wild usually has 15-30 members. Groups that are fed by humans can be twice as big or more. More monkeys in a group mean more conflicts between monkeys".
From Wild Singapore
Recently in Malaysia, the government is considering a culling exercise to curb monkey overpopulation in town areas. There was a report about some of these animals being infected with tuberculosis and the herpes B virus, but experts say that the infected macaques do not pose a danger to the public.
In Singapore, feeding monkeys is a crime: this year a man was fined 4000 Singapore Dollars (USD2900).
More advice from Wild Singapore
- Do not offer food to the monkeys.
- Do not bring food and or eat in forested areas.
- Avoid carrying plastic bags openly in forested areas.
- Make sure your children are not eating or holding food near monkeys.
- Dispose your litter into the monkey-proof bins provided. Better still, take your litter out of forested areas with you.
"Don't feed the monkeys: you will do them more harm than good"


text:
First - sorry for how dark it is! Considering the Vyle naga are a blind species dwelling underground, I felt a darker image was more fitting than the clear, bright one I did my work on. They don't really have lights down there, you know. 100% pitch black.
Mkay, so this took me a long time. It could have taken longer if i'd decided to hand-draw individual scales, but considering this isn't all that important I decided to spare my hand 8+ hours of cramping with those dang scales.
A mother naga has taken her three children to the cave pools to teach them to fish. How does a blind naga fish, you ask? Very patiently and by feeling the water's vibrations with the tip of her tail. It's tough to learn, but once you get the hang of it it's easy.
But of course, there's a problem. Her children aren't all that interested in learning today! One found a rat (much tastier for them than fish are), the youngest is too busy climbing on her, and the other is kinda scared of the water. What if he fell in?!
Their colorations are fun to figure out. Crosses even in the same breeding pair can make all sorts of differently colored kids, though it tends to follow that blues-whites-grays-blacks-browns-tans sort of scheme for this species.


text: The resistive switching behaviors of sputtered V-doped SrZrO3 (V:SZO) memory films were investigated in this letter. The current states of the memory films were switched between high current state (H-state) and low current state (L-state). The resistance ratio of the two current states was over 1000 at a read voltage. The switching mechanism from L- to H-state corresponds to the formation of current paths. However, this mechanism from H- to L-state is thought to be due to the fact that the defects present in the V:SZO film randomly trap electrons, and hence, the current paths are ruptured. The conduction mechanism of the H-state is dominated by ohmic conduction, whereas the L-state conduction is dominated by Frenkel-Poole emission. The polarity direction of the resistive switching is an intrinsic property of the SrZrO3 oxides. The V:SZO films with high uniformity and good stability are expected to be used in nonvolatile memory.


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Let $s > 1 + n/2$ for $n \in \Bbb N$, and $s$ be an integer. If $f \in C^0 ( [0,\infty), W^{s,2} (\Bbb R^n )) \cap C^1 ( [0, \infty), W^{s-1,2}(\Bbb R^n)) $ then how can I show that $$ f \in C_b^1 ( [0,\infty) \times \Bbb R^n)?$$ I am trying to prove this by using the Sobolev embedding theorem:
If $s > n/2$ then there exists $c>0$:$$ \| g \|_{L^\infty(\Bbb R^n)} \leqslant c \| g \|_{W^{s,2}(\Bbb R^n )} \; \text{and} \; g \text{ is continuous}$$ for $g \in W^{s,2} (\Bbb R^n )$.
Here $f \in C^1 ( [0, \infty), W^{s-1,2}(\Bbb R^n)) $ means that $\| f(t) \|_{W^{s-1,2} (\Bbb R^n )}$ is continuously differentiable on $[0,\infty)$, $C_b^k$ means that $k$ times continuously differentiable functions with bounded derivatives up to order $k$, and $W^{s,p}$ means the usual Sobolev space.
You may use the additional condition $f \in C^\infty ([0,\infty) \times \Bbb R^n )$ if you need.
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When you print a document that contains lots of raster data, the generated EMF (Enhanced MetaFile) spool file may become very large, resulting in printing process decreases in performance. This is more noticeable with higher resolutions.
NOTE: Microsoft Word documents and Adobe.pdf files may contain lots of raster data, causing a 1 MB documents to generate a 500 MB EMF spool file.
This behavior occurs because the GDI (Graphics Device Interface) does not compress EMF-related raster data.
To workaround this behavior, bypass EMF spooling:
1. Open the printer's Properties dialog.
2. Select the Advanced tab.
3. Check the Print directly to the printer radial button.
4. Press Apply and OK.
NOTE: When you Print directly to the printer, print processor features, like N-up, Watermark, Booklet printing, Driver collation, and Scale-to-fit, are disabled.


text:
Technical Information Bulletin
EASTMAN EKTRACHROME films are color reversal films which require KODAK VNF-1 processing chemistry. The VNF-1 process consists of a ten-step sequence with both B&W and color development, as well as a critical coupler stabilizer bath. This process chemistry is necessary to achieve the correct color balance and image quality for the films.
A significant concern exists for the short and long term dye stability of EASTMAN EKTACHROME films when processed through a KODAK ECN-2 process. Normal VNF-1 processing requires stabilization of the magenta dye. The ECN-2 process provides only a surfactant in the final rinse. If stabilization is not provided, the product suffers magenta dye fade in a relatively short time. Long term dye stability information on EASTMAN EKTACHROME films processed in an ECN-2 process does not exist.
Kodak does not have specific processing data for the EASTMAN EKTACHROME films processed through an ECN-2 process. However, seasoning effects from EASTMAN EKTACHROME films could adversely affect the performance of the ECN-2 chemistry. This could result in potential speed loss (decreased developer activity) as well as curve shape distortion due to color balance differences. The amount of change depends on the quantity of color reversal film processed at any one time.
Based upon the information above and a lack of understanding regarding long term seasoning effects and dye stability, Kodak does not recommend using EASTMAN EKTACHROME films processed through ECN-2 chemistry. If this combination is pursued, create a master positive as soon as possible after processing the film, for archival purposes.
Kodak, ECN, and Ektachrome are trademarks of Eastman Kodak Company.
Technical Information Bulletins provide information of limited or specific application. Responsibility for judging the applicability of the information for a specific use rests with the end user.


text:
Abstract: There are several proposed or developed systems to locate faults on power transmission Lines. The conventional systems employ methods that are very different from the proposed one. They are based on transient detection on phase cables and make the measurements only at the edges of the transmission line to estimate the fault position. These systems do not perform well with branched transmission lines because of line reactions at the branching points, and neither with parallel lines because of the mutual coupling of adjacent circuits. Here, we propose a new method to locate faults on transmission towers. Line-to-ground Or line-to-line faults induce voltages, which on partially to ground through the towers. In the towers closest to the fault position, the voltages are greater and this behaviour can be used to locate the fault
Keywords: Sensors; X Bee.


text:
Galaxy Diamond Glitter Lamp
- Low stock - 2 items left
- Inventory on the way
About This Product
- Ages 12+ with adult supervision
- Size: 36 cm
- Keep upright
- Turn off regularly
- Some assembly is required
- Light bulb is included
- Voltage: 230-240V, 50Hz
- Wattage: Max 30W
WARNING: The glass lamp surface is hot when in use. For indoor use only. Keep out of reach of children.
The Lava lamp was invented by British accountant Edward Craven-Walker in 1963 after watching a homemade egg timer, which was made from a cocktail shaker filled with liquids, as it was bubbling on a stove top in a pub.
There are two liquids in the lamp that are insoluble together and have similar densities. The heat from the light bulb heats the heavier liquid at the bottom of the lamp. It absorbs the heat, expands and becomes less dense.
This change in density is small but enough for the once heavier liquid to float to the top of the lamp. As the blob of liquid moves away from the lamp it cools. This increases the density and it sinks back to the bottom of the lamp. This motion is repeated over and over again creating the continuous motion of the liquid in the lamp.
The interactions between wax and liquid are not an exact science. Your colouring may differ from the image depicted, and may change throughout use.
|Order Value||Shipping & Delivery Cost|
For more information please visit our Shipping & Delivery Page


text:
English title: Welfare state regimes, unemployment and health: A comparative study of the relationship between unemployment and self-reported health in 23 European countries
Author(s): C. Bambra - T.A. Eikemo -
Type: Journal article
Background: The relationship between unemployment and increased risk of morbidity and mortality is well established. However, what is less clear is whether this relationship varies between welfare states with differing levels of social protection for the unemployed. Methods: The first (2002) and second (2004) waves of the representative cross-sectional European Social Survey (37?499 respondents, aged 25–60 years). Employment status was main activity in the last 7 days. Health variables were self-reported limiting long-standing illness (LI) and fair/poor general health (PH). Data are for 23 European countries classified into five welfare state regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Southern and Eastern). Results: In all countries, unemployed people reported higher rates of poor health (LI, PH or both) than those in employment. There were also clear differences by welfare state regime: relative inequalities were largest in the Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian and Scandinavian regimes. The negative health effect of unemployment was particularly strong for women, especially within the Anglo-Saxon (ORLI 2.73 and ORPH 2.78) and Scandinavian (ORLI 2.28 and ORPH 2.99) welfare state regimes. Discussion: The negative relationship between unemployment and health is consistent across Europe but varies by welfare state regime, suggesting that levels of social protection may indeed have a moderating influence. The especially strong negative relationship among women may well be because unemployed women are likely to receive lower than average wage replacement rates. Policy-makers' attention therefore needs to be paid to income maintenance, and especially the extent to which the welfare state is able to support the needs of an increasingly feminised European workforce.
From page no: 92
To page no: 98
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health


text:
Make Clay Idioms a "Piece of Cake"!
"That test was a piece of cake!" "It's clean as a whistle!" Idioms, well-known words or phrases that have figurative meanings different from their literal ones, can be found everywhere from the books we read to our everyday conversations. That's why it's important that your child understands the figure of speech he's using. Luckily, an idiom is more than just an expression. It is also the inspiration for this fun, hands-on art activity!
In this activity, your child will use modeling clay to represent the literal meaning of an idiom which can then be compared to how we use the phrase when we talk or write. To complete this activity, your child will brainstorm all the idioms he knows and think creatively about how to represent his favorite one using clay. Above all, he'll discover that practicing English grammar can be fun!
What You Need:
- Sheet of paper
- Modeling clay (can be found at any craft store)
- Internet access (only if you need help brainstorming)


text:
CultureUnited Arab Emirates
Sometimes a city's biggest secret is hidden in its name. But take a closer look at the names of these famous metropoles and all will be revealed!
In Arabic, the name of the capital of the United Arab Emirates means 'Father of the Gazelle', most likely in reference to the animals that populate the emirate.
You don't need to dig too deep to find the meaning behind the name Amsterdam. It refers to the 'dam' on which the city was constructed along the River Amstel. So literally translated, Amsterdam means 'the dam of the Amstel'.
It only takes a basic knowledge of Greek mythology to find the origin of the name of Greece's capital city. The goddess of wisdom, war and craft was called Athena.
The old name for this French city was Burdigala. By chopping the word up, we find the words 'burd' (muddy) and 'gala' (creek). So the name Bordeaux would originally have meant 'the creek in the marshes or wetlands'.
Dubai was named for a type of grasshopper, or locust, which thrives in this desert region. Its Arabic name is 'dibba'.


Distance Running Benefits for Tennis
Running can help build fitness for tennis.
i Jupiterimages/Pixland/Getty Images
Tennis is a start-and-stop sport made up of brief periods of intense play with rests in between. While a tennis match can be long, rallies seldom last more than a few seconds. This means tennis is primarily an anaerobic sport. Distance running is an aerobic activity, so at first glance it may seem like an unsuitable training method for tennis players. But distance running offers a number of benefits that may improve your performance on the court.
Cardiovascular Fitness
Playing tennis, like any other intense anaerobic activity, produces and builds up lactic acid, the stuff that makes your muscles burn. To remove lactic acid from your system, your body uses lots of oxygen. The greater your cardiovascular fitness, the more oxygen you can take in, transport and use. Distance running is an effective way to develop cardiovascular fitness.
Local Muscular Endurance
A long game of tennis, with its running, lunging and jumping, can really test your lower body muscular endurance. The sustained and repetitive action of distance running can help improve your lower body staying power, or endurance. Regular distance running training can help prevent your legs from becoming tired and heavy toward the end of a long tennis match.
Fat Burning
Carrying extra weight can make your movements on the tennis court slower and more tiring. Imagine playing tennis while wearing a 20-pound insulated foam suit. Losing excess fat will make you a faster, fitter and more energetic tennis player. Long distance running, combined with a healthy eating plan, is an effective weight-control method.
Mental Toughness
A long tennis match can be physically and mentally exhausting. Tennis matches can last many hours -- the longest match on record being 11 hours and five minutes between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut at Wimbledon in 2010. As well as being physically demanding, such prolonged effort requires mental toughness. Long distance running can help improve psychological fitness as well as physical fitness.
Distance running offers a number of benefits to tennis players but is only one part of the training required for successful tennis. Players should also work on speed, quickness, agility, strength, power and technique. Distance running is not a tennis cure-all and should be included only as a part of a well-balanced tennis-specific training program.
the nest


text:
SAP Ariba Procurement Demo Questions
When you're studying for SAP Ariba Procurement exam, it's important to know what kind of questions to expect. This way, you can focus your studies on the areas that will be covered on the C_ARP2P_2302 exam.
To help you out, we've compiled a list of SAP Ariba Procurement Certification sample questions and answers which will help you a lot in the exam.
SAP Ariba Procurement questions will give you a good idea of the format and difficulty level of the exam, as well as the types of topics that will be covered. If you want to clear your SAP Ariba Procurement Exam in single attempt then we highly recommend you go to through the full C_ARP2P_2302 dumps.
SAP Ariba Procurement Certification questions can help you clear the exam by providing you with an opportunity to practice what you have learned. Additionally, C_ARP2P_2302 certification questions can help to identify any areas where you may need additional study. By taking the time to review certification questions, you can improve your chances of passing the exam. If you're preparing for SAP Ariba Procurement certification exam, one of the best ways to study is by answering practice questions. This will give you a good idea of what to expect on the actual SAP Ariba Procurement exam. Furthermore, by familiarizing yourself with the format and types of questions, you can optimize your study time and improve your chances of passing the exam.
C_ARP2P_2302 Certification questions can help you clear the exam by testing your knowledge of the material. By answering questions, you can see where you need to brush up on your understanding of the concepts. In addition, answering questions can help you identify any areas where you may need more study.
SAP Ariba Procurement Sample Questions:
1. Where would you find information such as recurring fees and expenses in a contract?
A. Contract terms
B. Cost terms
C. Pricing terms
D. Item terms
2. To access the Ariba Procurement Solution you need to enter your username and password on a login screen. Your company security and authentication rules govern which of the following three possible login authentication methods? (3 Correct)
A. Application authentication
B. Application authentication with Single Sign-On
C. Corporate authentication
D. Corporate authentication with Single Sign-On
E. Corporate authentication with Multiple Sign-On
3. Which of the following are ways to create contract requests? (3 Correct)
A. Create directly
B. Create from a Contract Workspace
C. Upload from a Microsoft Excel template
D. Upload from a PDF
E. Upload directly
4. How many ways exist to close a purchase order?
5. Which of the following files can be used to specify approvers when defining the action for an approval rule?
A. User Data Consolidated file
B. User Group Mapping file
C. Approver Lookup file
D. Team Member Rule file
6. Which of the following statements are true regarding Contract Addendum?
A. It is a Microsoft Word document that contains the text of the Contract Agreement
B. It is organized into Sections and Clauses
C. It provides Microsoft Word integration
D. Only a and c
E. All of the above
7. Your customer wants to auto-accept low dollar invoice reconciliations. Which actions do you perform in SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing? (2 Correct)
A. Update invoice exception tolerances.
B. Set the commodity code to reconcile by amount.
C. Add an override to an invoice exception.
D. Enable an auto-accept amount parameter.
8. Which files must be maintained under SM Administration when SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance is integrated with Guided Buying? (2 Correct)
9. Your customer wants to use SAP Ariba to identify sources of supply for specific goods and services. The customer does NOT have an up. What would you present to your customer? (2 Correct)
A. The Ariba Spot Buy functionality
B. The Ariba Discovery functionality
C. The Ariba Non-Catalog Requisition functionality
D. The Ariba sourcing functionality
10.Which of the following integration options can be used with an SAP ERP customer? (2 Correct)
A. Batch file channel
B. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway
C. Web services
D. Suite integration
Check Out The Answer Key
C_ARP2P_2302 FAQ | C_ARP2P_2302 detail | C_ARP2P_2302 study material | C_ARP2P_2302 practice tests | C_ARP2P_2302 sample questions | C_ARP2P_2302 Pdf dumps


Take the 2-minute tour ×
$text_to_search = "example text with [foo] and more";
$search_string = "[foo]";
if($text_to_search =~ m/$search_string/) print "wee";
Please observe above code. For some reason I would like to find the text "[foo]" in the $text_to_search variable and print "wee" if I find it. To do this I would have to ensure that the [ and ] is substitued with [ and ] to make perl treat it as characters instead of operators.
Question: How can I do this without having to first replace [ and ] with \[ and \] using a s/// expression?
share|improve this question
I would say get into the habit of using the qr// construct for regular expressions and escaping special regex chars if literal is needed. Quotemeta will quote ALL special regex chars. If you just want to find a literal string in another, use index() instead. – sln Jan 6 '11 at 17:01
3 Answers 3
Use the quotemeta function:
$search_string = quotemeta "[foo]";
print "wee" if ($text_to_search =~ /$search_string/);
share|improve this answer
Use \Q to autoescape any potentially problematic characters in your variable.
if($text_to_search =~ m/\Q$search_string/) print "wee";
share|improve this answer
++. Merely for completeness: You could use the quotemeta function for a similar outcome: $text_to_search = quotemeta "example text with [foo] and more"; /$search_string/ But this will change $text_to_search, rather than quotemeta'ing only inside the regex. – Hugmeir Jan 6 '11 at 15:20
_USER_: That's why you want to quotemeta the substring to search for instead. See my answer. – Platinum Azure Jan 6 '11 at 15:28
Whoops, yeah, my bad. – Hugmeir Jan 6 '11 at 15:31
As guys already written you can use quotemeta (\Q \E) if you Perl is 5.16+ but if below you can simply avoid using regexp at all.
for example by using index command
if (index($text_to_search, $search_string) > -1){
 print "wee";
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Pallet sorting automation based on shuttle and flow rack systems
Our client is among the top 5 largest meat processing companies in Ukraine. A wide range of quality meat delicacies, numbering more than 250 varieties of products, and constantly growing demand for meat products, prompts the company to improve and automate storage processes in order to provide consumers with quality products in a timely manner.
The logistics of a meat processing plant face many challenges: From non-standard premises to GDP standards, from peculiarities in packaging, weight and pallet type to demanding distribution and retail chains with strict delivery deadlines. Consequently, the supply chain from the production line to the shipping area must be as fast and error-free as possible.
In order to solve this task together with the customer, the KAPELOU team developed an automated warehouse conveyor system based on shuttles, a driven roller conveyor, pallet flow system and a vertical elevator designed for vertical pallet handling and sorting in the conveyor system.
This combination proved to be the most efficient and effective process: an increase in productivity in handling and sorting as well as a 2.7-fold increase in pallet quantity in the same storage area. Since the human factor is not involved in the decision-making process when sorting the pallets, the error rate tends towards zero. Furthermore, the processing of returns is automated so that the logistical flows in the warehouse do not cross.
The conveyor system used in this project is suitable for automating individual sections and the entire warehouse. Furthermore, it consists of individual modules, so that it can be easily adapted to the warehouse operation and scaled as the company grows. The conveyor system connects the different storage areas with each other and ensures a fast transfer of goods between the storage levels. For example, the conveyor system facilitates the organisation of goods sortation, which was one of the main goals of this project.
The KAPELOU driven roller conveyor was used for the automatic transportation of pallets. By using only those areas with pallets, the conveyor system is energy-efficient. A sturdy pallet conveyor with a speed of 0.2m/s lifts pallets weighing up to 900 kg vertically.
Pallets are sorted into 68 directions by two shuttles. At a speed of 1 m/s, the shuttle system transports the pallet to the appropriate two-level gravity channel. Unloading takes place at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the gravity pallet storage conveyor.
Safety comes first
The safety of the employees is the top priority. Mechanical and electrical protection systems: noise protection, transport safety, emergency stop of the vertical conveyor, warning light system and display – the automation system fulfills the technical requirements and recognised rules of safety in the warehouse.
The automated pallet sorting system consists of:
- Driven pallet conveyor;
- Shuttle conveyor system;
- Pallet flow system;
- Vertical pallet conveyor;
- Safety system;
- Control system;
- Integration of equipment with WMS (warehouse management system).
Results of automation
The proposed solution for transporting and sorting pallets in the warehouse with an automated shuttle-based conveyor system has given the customer the following advantages:
- Thanks to a complete solution from KAPELOU, pallet transportation and sorting in production is fully automated.
- Storage efficiency in the forwarding area, i.e. the number of pallets that can be in the area at the same time, has been increased from 126 to 340 pallets.
- The number of staff in the warehouse has been reduced by 2.3 times.
- The number of errors was reduced to almost zero, because a person is not involved in the decision-making process when sorting pallets.
- There has been a 3.8-fold increase in the number of routes by which pallets can be accumulated in the forwarding area in advance – from 18 to 69.
- Full warehouse automation and separation of shipment and return transport processes has been ensured.
- The speed of loading the vehicle has been increased to 90 pallets per hour. The system thus makes it possible to store the end products in the forwarding area sorted by direction over a long period of time and to make shipping as productive as possible during peak times.
- The automated sorting system operates 24/7.
- Guaranteed payback period of the sorting system is about 4 years.
Comparison of automatic sorting process with manual sorting
Here you can see a comparison between an automated and a manual sorting system for a warehouse. The automated system is based on the shuttle system described above. The manual sorting of pallets was used before automation and was done with the help of forklifts and loading by a hydraulic trolley:
As a result, the conveyor system transports almost 2.7 times as many pallets on the same floor space. To achieve the same number of pallets in the manual version as with the automated system, the conveyor area has to be increased by 465 m2 or 270 %.
Unloading the pallets from the accumulator and loading the truck now takes only 80 seconds instead of 150. The number of sorting directions has increased from 18 to 69, almost quadrupling. At the same time, the number of staff has decreased and the monthly costs have halved.
In summary, we have increased the speed of loading the trolley with pallets to 90 p/hour. In this way, the system makes it possible to store the final products in the shipping area sorted by direction for a long period of time and to make shipping as productive as possible during peak hours. In this way, the speed and continuity of the production process and the customers' need for delivery can be balanced almost simultaneously, reducing labour costs and shortening product delivery times to the end customer.
Given the uncertain situation and limited resources, it is even more important to find and implement the most efficient solution for your warehouse. This is the main advantage of working with KAPELOU – developing solutions based on 9 years of experience in implementing automation systems in warehouses, thorough analysis of business processes, know-how of modern intralogistics technologies and manufacturing high-quality equipment.
Leave your request here and the KAPELOU team will present you with the best solution for your warehouse.


La Feria de Abril
Spanish online reading and listening practice - level B1
This reading and listening exercise is about the Spanish festival La Feria de Abril. This is suitable for level B1 Spanish students.
Every year, two weeks after Semana Santa, Seville bursts with even more colour and life when it celebrates la Feria de Abril (the April Fair). Originally, the fair was a livestock fair but over time it has grown into a six-day party starting at midnight on Monday and finishing the following Sunday. Officially, there are no holidays; children attend school and people still have to go to work.
The first night is called el Alumbrado de la Portada, because the main entrance to the fair ground is lit up at midnight. Traditionally, people agree to meet by the portada. The site itself is full of stripey green or red marquees called casetas and there is a large area next to the casetas with an amusement park called la calle del infierno (Hell road) probably because it is incredibly noisy and full of people! During the day, people go to see los paseos de los caballos: horse carriages and also single riders who dress in the traditional amazona suit with wide brimmed hats. The casetas are owned by important local families, clubs, associations and even political parties.
There is plenty to eat and drink, mostly people drink fino or manzanilla wines and eat all kinds of tapas, like tortilla de patata, fried fish and cured ham. Of course everything ends with a bang, there are fireworks at midnight on the last day!
Music plays non-stop, especially sevillanas that people dance to. Sevillanas are a traditional song and a traditional dance. The dancers are either two women or a man and a woman; it is always danced in pairs. The song itself is divided into four, with each section also being called a sevillana: la primera, la segunda, la tercera and la cuarta (the first, the second, the third, the fourth). All four sevillanas have the same chorus and there are specific steps for each of the four sevillanas. The video below is a traditional sevillana sung by a popular group called Los amigos de Gines. Gines is a small village just outside Seville.
Here are the vocabulary lists associated with this reader:
Exercise: La feria de abril
Have you ever been to the Feria? How did you find this exercise? Leave a comment below - we love getting your feedback!
Q&A relating to this exercise 0 questions, 0 answers
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text: The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye that transmits light to the retina at the back of the eye. The cornea is covered by an epithelium and surrounded by a narrow band of tissue known as the limbus. The limbus has two important roles in maintaining a healthy corneal epithelium. First, stem cells for the corneal epithelium reside at the limbus and not in the cornea. Second, the limbus acts as a barrier separating the clear avascular corneal epithelium from the surrounding vascular conjunctival tissue. A failure of these limbal functions can result in the painful and blinding disease of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this disease, the corneal epithelium cannot be maintained by the stem cells, and the corneal surface becomes replaced by hazy conjunctival tissue. There are many causes of limbal stem cell deficiency, such as burns to the eye, inflammatory diseases, and hereditary diseases. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is discussed here. In particular, understanding whether the limbal stem cells are lost or become dysfunctional or indeed whether the limbal microenvironment is disturbed is important when developing appropriate management strategies for the disease.


text:
in another class i used:
CoffeeCup original = new CoffeeCup();
original.add(75); // Original now contains 75 ml of coffee
CoffeeCup copy = (CoffeeCup) original.clone();
Now i got exact copy of CoffeeCup.
my question is: how the application is creating an subclass object(CoffeeCup) when I call super.clone().
As per my understanding if we call super.clone() that means we are calling Object.clone() -- if that is the case how it is creating the object of sub class?
Is there any underlying implementation that Object class uses for creating the subclass object?
All you need to know is that Object.clone() will simply create a new object of the exact same type (so in your case CoffeeCup) and copies all fields by using simple assignments. For example:
Line 11 could be replaced with the following:
There are three big differences though:
1) when you use Object.clone(), a sub class can call super.clone() and it will not return an instance of Test but an instance of that sub class.
2) Object.clone() does not call a constructor so no constructor code is executed
3) Object.clone() can also copy final fields


text:
From Ohio History Central
Ohio Stadium is where The Ohio State University football team plays its home games. It is located on the university's campus in Columbus, Ohio.
The stadium opened in 1922. It cost approximately 1.3 million dollars to build. This was one of the earliest stadiums constructed of concrete, and many people feared that the structure would collapse. The stadium was constructed in the shape of a horseshoe, and fans nicknamed the structure "the Horseshoe" or "the Shoe."
At the time of its opening, Ohio Stadium was the largest stadium west of the Allegheny Mountains. It officially could hold 66,210 fans when it first opened, although fans routinely filled the stadium beyond capacity. Many people said that the stadium would never be filled due to its large size. The first game played in Ohio Stadium occurred on October 7, 1922, when Ohio State played Ohio Wesleyan. At the dedication game, The Ohio State University versus the University of Michigan, on October 21, 1922, 71,385 fans attended. Originally, there were no restrooms for women, as it was deemed unfashionable for women to attend sporting events, such as football games, during the 1920s.
Over the years, Ohio Stadium underwent some dramatic changes. Due to the demand for more seats, The Ohio State University eventually constructed temporary stands at the south end, the open end, of the stadium. Originally players played on a grass field, but in 1971, Ohio State installed Astroturf. In 1990, grass returned to Ohio Stadium. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Ohio Stadium went under a renovation. The university replaced the temporary stands in the south end of the stadium with permanent ones. Skyboxes and a new press box were also added. The field was also lowered more than fourteen feet to make room for additional seating. When the renovation was complete in 2001, the stadium could now officially hold 101,568 fans, making it the third largest stadium in the United States.


text: Our fire investigators are certified by the International Association of Arson Investigators as Fire Investigator Technicians (IAAI FIT (V)) for vehicle and marine evaluations and certified by the North American Fire Investigators as Fire and Explosion Investigators (NAFI-CFEI). They determine the origin and cause of structural, automotive, and heavy equipment fires. These engineers interview, evaluate, investigate, and collect evidence pertaining to the structures, products, component failures, materials, and people involved to complete a comprehensive investigation. Our fire investigators will also inspect a vehicle post fire to determine if it was forcibly entered for a theft recovery evaluation. After a fire has occurred, our engineers can also inspect the fire protection system within a building to evaluate the operation of the system.


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DescendantsLines is an in-development addon for Gramps which generates a graphical descendants tree using orthogonal edges and routing ("square edges").
- 1 Characteristics
- 2 History
- 3 Libraries
- 4 Current limitations
- 5 Installation
- 6 Usage
- 7 Tree compression and or modification
- 8 Development
- 9 Command Line Interface
- 10 See also
DescendantsLines presents an orthogonal family tree, currently in vertical mode only. In DescendantsLines, vertical mode, children in a family are ordered from left to right following the Gramps child order; and families are ordered right to left, top to bottom, following the Gramps family order.
2010: this script needs some updates for avoiding minor issues.
A modified script is available on the addons repository.
The program DescendantsLines, as the script in which it is based, is written in Python, using PyCairo and the Python XML library. Many Gramps modules are also used.
- Partial quoting of xml-syntax-like data. Data which resembles xml syntax (tags, etc) may cause error.
- Script ignores role on event (was added in 2007)
- Script ignores localized date handlers (using ISO date format, date quality in english)
- Memory limitation with a large database (DOM parsing)
- The last pixel column of each secondary line of each entry is wrong coloured (red instead black)
- The addon DescendantsLines does not use the Gramps document interface. (perhaps the Gramps document interface options should be hidden)
- DestinationOption does not have the usual error handling and user checking (e.g. for overwriting files)
- Size limit: Cairo surface size limit. (32767 for height and 32767 for width )
- Some PDF output size limit (currently crossing this limit will result in an empty PDF file)
Gramps 3.3 version
The Gramps 3.3 version of DescendantsLines can be installed through the Gramps Plugin Manager.
Gramps 3.4 version
To use the Gramps 3.4 version of DescendantsLines, on Gramps Trunk, now gramps34:
- Create the directory $GRAMPSHOME/gramps/gramps34/plugins/DescendantsLines/.
- Copy the files DescendantsLines.py and DescendantsLines.gpr.py from Gramps-addons trunk svn to the directory $GRAMPSHOME/gramps/gramps34/plugins/DescendantsLines/.
- Open Gramps and generate the report -- Reports -> Graphical Reports -> Descendants Lines. Choose the output path on "Destination" (default $GRAMPSHOME/DescendantsLines.png). The "Filename" option will contain an empty file after the report is run.
- The script currently runs in "debug mode" so it generates copious terminal output such as "Unknown event type:..." or "Unknown spouse:...". These warnings are harmless.
The options for the addon DescendantsLines are:
- S_DOWN - The length of the vertical edges from descendant to spouse-bar
- S_UP - The length of the vertical edges from spouse-bar to spouse
- S_VPAD - Length of vertical padding spacing between spouse and spouse-bar (?)
- FL_PAD - Length of padding spacing between S_UP edges (vertical edges from spouse-bar to spouse) and O_DOWN edges (vertical edges from spouse-bar to child-bar)
- OL_PAD -
- O_DOWN - The length of the vertical edges from spouse-bar to child-bar
- C_PAD - Length of padding spacing between children
- F_PAD - Length of padding spacing between families (?)
- C_UP - The length of the vertical edges from child to child-bar
- SP_PAD - Length of padding spacing between spouses
- MIN_C_WIDTH - Minimal width of child cells
- TEXT_PAD - Length of text padding
- TEXT_LINE_PAD - Length of text line padding
- output_fmt - The output format (PNG, SVG, PDF or PS)
- output_fn - The output filename
- max_gen - Maximum number of generations to include. (0 for unlimited)
- use_colors - Whether to use colored names indicating person gender in the output.
- name_format - The name format
- inc_places - Whether to include event places in the output
- inc_marriages - Whether to include marriage information in the output
- inc_dnum - Whether to use d'Aboville descendant numbering system
- style - The predefined output style
There are option and tree combinations which may generate overlapping edges and nodes. If using the inc_marriages option the S_DOWN - S_UP difference may need to be increased by 5-15 units depending on the tree.
- File:DescendantsLines-m-ep.pdf -- DescendantsLines, example Gramps data, inc_marriages and inc_places, PDF output.
- File:DescendantsLines-left.pdf -- DescendantsLines, Left-aligned text style, example Gramps data, use_colors, inc_marriages and inc_places, PDF output.
- File:Charlemagne-DescendantsLines.pdf -- DescendantsLines addon, inc_marriages and inc_places, PDF output, presenting a family tree of Charlemagne starting from Chloderic King of Cologne.
- File:PepinOfHerstal-DescendantsLines-left-dnum.pdf --DescendantsLines Gramps addon, Left-aligned text style, d'Aboville numbering (inc_dnum), descendants of Pepin of Herstal or Pepin II, PDF output. Data from _URL_
Tree compression and or modification
SVG format trees can be compressed and or modified manually using the program Inkscape, using the select and path tools; or using other SVG manipulating program. PNG format trees can be compressed manually by manipulating the image.
There is an in-development migration of this Gtk/cairo code to a draw plugin working into Gramps (font, style, path, canvas, output formats). This migration, DescendantsLines, does not use the Document interface of Gramps.
The idea is keeping Gramps XML parsing, but with a copy of the active database and use of current report environment (output formats, style, path).
- Add option to include event places. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add option to include marriage information. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Using the library get_event_or_fallback() methods from gen.utils. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add optional generation limit. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Make the XML export smaller. Use filter. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add option for output format. (PNG, SVG, PDF or PS) (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add boolean option use_colors. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Use gen.display.name.displayer. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add option for name display format. (done in Gramps-addons trunk)
- Add style variables and option, ref. text alignment, etc. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Use Gramps family order. (done in Gramps-addons)
- Add option to use d'Aboville descendants numbering system. (done in Gramps-addons trunk)
- Think of optional tree compression algorithms.
- Add option to include divorces.
- Add option to include spouse parents.
- Add option to include spouse ancestries.
- Add option to include arbitrary spouse ancestries.
- Add option to include arbitrary ancestries.
- Add option to include notes.
- Add option to include sources.
- Add option to include images.
- Add horizontal mode.
- Add optional text wrap width.
- Add optional text width with use of ellipses.
- Cairo provides hyperlink support. Names could be hyperlinks to html complete individual reports or to web report pages.
- This addon may with time become a general orthogonal family tree drawing resource for Gramps, for a View, etc., and outside Gramps as well. The PyCairo code can be connected to a view.
The hardcoded number option limits can be altered by users, by altering the code.
Pass 1: generate a tmp XML with only data needed for the report, to load it as input
- Enable Person selection (Gramps ID) - done
- Generate a temp Gramps XML database matching 'IsDescendantFamilyOf' filter rule - done
- Input path - done (need to set _USER_@: path_to_SVN/src on const.py)
- Clean-up - done
- simple Gramps XML template with events, persons, families objects (only export primary event role reference).
- 'localized' dates (does not follow last DTD, which uses english and ISO format).
FINISHED - it works fine!
Pass 2: use draw report environment
- Generate a plugins/docgen/PNGDrawDoc.py file
- Move Gtk code to draw report (if possible)
- Move cairo code to draw report (if possible)
- Output path
- Clean-up, pylint, etc...
Pass 2 (Alternate): use of user-defined (mega)-widgets
- Have a look at mega-widget request and implementation
- Output path through mega-widget
- Clean-up, pylint, etc...
Pass 2 (Alternate): use a DestinationOption
- Use a DestinationOption
- Ignore standard Filename option
Command Line Interface
Gramps provides a cli support for running reports and tools Gramps 3.4 Wiki Manual - Command Line.
- 4114: Would like to use stdin and stdout for command line import/export.
Feel free to contribute or improve it.


text:
Three types of online appointment schedules: which one should I choose?
The first choice to make when setting up your new SuperSaaS schedule is which type of online appointment schedule you will select when you click on the New Schedule page. SuperSaaS offers three types of schedule to cater for different uses, situations or businesses.
The three schedule types are known as the Capacity schedule, Resource schedule, and Service schedule. In some ways, they overlap in what they can do, and for some applications more than one will work. You will get the best experience if you know which schedule type is appropriate for your situation.
Use a Capacity schedule for group events
How many people should be able to sign up for your event? If the answer is more than one, then it is likely that a capacity schedule will be most suitable.
Examples of group events where a capacity schedule would work best:
- Students signing up for a class
- Attendees registering for a conference or workshop
Examples of situations where a capacity schedule would not work so well and a resource schedule or service schedule should be used instead:
- Making an appointment with a consultant (only one user at a time)
- A spa with multiple therapists (clients book simultaneous appointments, but not with the same therapist)
- A boat rental service with multiple boats (people will want to rent at different times)
The Resource schedule works well in most other cases
The distinction between a resource schedule and service schedule lies primarily in the booking process. A resource schedule is organized around individual people or objects. Resources can be consultants, teachers, boats, meeting rooms, or other items that can only be used for single bookings. In other words, the resource can be booked once for a particular time slot. The schedule shows the resource's availability and the user picks an available spot.
By comparison, a service schedule can be used for offering services in which more than one resource may be selected. The user first has to select a service (e.g. a lesson, a ride, a haircut). After selecting a service, the schedule will show all the spots that have the resources (specific teachers, riding instructors or hair stylists) available that are needed for that service.
We recommend that you start with a resource schedule. A resource schedule will work in most scenarios, although sometimes a service-oriented process will fit better. The resource schedule should contain all the scarce resources that are involved in the booking process. For example, scarce resources could be therapists, rooms, boats, pool tables, etc. If you are setting up a calendar to allow people to schedule an appointment with you, then you would be the scarce resource.
Don't include resources that are not limited or will easily be available for each booking. For example, if an appointment needs a meeting room, but there's always a meeting room available, there is no point in including it.
The Service schedule has a few unique abilities
The service schedule's main benefit is that it can take into account the availability of resources in other schedules. If your service depends on a number of resources being available, the service schedule checks when all the required resources (objects and/or people) are available so that the user can make a booking. Note that where the resource schedule allows users to create appointments of arbitrary length and/or create repeating appointments, the service schedule lacks such ability.
Examples of where a service schedule would be needed:
- Multiple resources are required for one booking. For example: a booking for a treatment requires that both a room and a therapist are available.
- Different services require different resources. For example: a certain treatment can only be performed by one specific doctor.
To define a service that uses multiple resources, you first need to define those resources in a resource schedule.
Combining several schedules
If your service schedule is linked to multiple resource schedules, you combine the various calendars to solve more complex booking needs.
For example, a wellness spa may have two therapists and each one can provide specific treatments in specific rooms. You can specify that a service needs "Therapist 1" Or "Therapist 2" And "Room 1". It is not necessary for Therapist 1 and Therapist 2 to be in the same schedule, therefore making it possible that each Therapist can sync their own Google Calendar availability. For more advanced applications see the chapter on combining schedules.
Which schedule type works best for your needs?
Since you can create and delete as many schedules as you like, there is no harm in trying out several types and discarding unused ones later on. Everything but the schedule's type can be changed afterwards. You can try an example of each schedule type in the demo section. You might also find the tutorials for the different types helpful.
|Use case||Schedule type|
|Students signing up for classes||Capacity|
|Participants signing up for an event||Capacity|
|Employees booking meeting rooms||Resource|
|Users selecting the length of appointments||Resource|
|Showing availability for your bed & breakfast||Resource|
|Booking both a projector and a room||Service|
|Illustrating each service with pictures||Service|
|Combining and linking several schedules||Service|
The SuperSaaS system offers a lot of flexibility when it comes to configuring your reservation process. Here are four tips for configuring your schedule for specific requirements.
On a resource and a service schedule, your users can create a reservation anywhere, except where you tell them not to. In other words, by default, the entire schedule is available for bookings, unless you block a spot. On a capacity schedule, it is the other way around: users can only book where you have created an available slot. If you want people to select from just a few available dates, then you could use a capacity schedule with a maximum of 1 per slot instead. This may be easier than blocking off all unavailable dates on a resource or service schedule.
Stand-alone service schedule
You can define a service that is not connected to any resource. If there are no resource requirements, in theory an unlimited number of appointments can be made at the same time, which is rarely useful. For this reason the service schedule can be configured to prohibit overlapping appointments, in effect acting as a resource schedule with a single resource. This provides a convenient shortcut if you have a single resource and want to use the service schedule, for example because its calendar format works better for your purpose.
Pooled resources, presented as a single entity
A service schedule can be used to present a group of resources as a single entity. This is useful, for example, if you have 20 identical pieces of equipment for rent and you don't want the customer to select a particular one. You have the option to give out equipment randomly, or indicate an order and give out the first one available. You can find a detailed explanation on the page about combining schedules.
Single resource, presented as multiple entities
Conversely, two or more service schedules can be used to represent a single resource as different entities. An example is where one schedule shows to members of a club and another to walk-in customers. Members could be allowed to book at a lower price or longer in advance than regular customers. Another example would be for a consultant who works for different clients across multiple locations. She can provide each location with a schedule tailored to that particular client, while still ensuring she does not get double booked.


text:
Tree Kernels: Quantifying Similarity Among Tree-Structured Data
An in-depth, informative overview of tree kernels, both theoretical and practical. Includes a use case and some code after the discussion.
Tree Kernel Based on Subpaths
The tree kernel above used a horizontal, or breadth-first, approach to converting trees to strings. While this approach is quite simple, this conversion means it cannot operate on the trees directly in their original form.
This section will define a tree kernel that operates on the vertical structures in trees, allowing the kernel to operate on the tree directly.
A subsection of a path from the root to one of the leaves is called a subpath, and a subpath set is the set of all subpaths included in the tree:
Let us assume that we want to define a tree kernel K(T1, T2) between two trees T1 and T2. By using the subpath set, we can define this tree kernel as:
Where nump(T) is the number of of times subpath p occurs in tree T, |p| is the number of nodes in subpath p, and P is the set of all subpaths in T1 and T2. w|p| is the weight, similar to that introduced in the previous section.
Here, we present a simple implementation of this kernel using a depth-first search. Although this algorithm runs in quadratic time, more efficient algorithms exist using suffix trees or suffix arrays, or an extension of the multikey quicksort algorithm, which can achieve linearithmic time ( O(|T1|log|T2|) ) on average:
In this example, we used the weighting parameter w|s| w|p| = 1. This gives all subpaths equal weighting. However, there are many cases when using k-spectrum weighting, or some dynamically assigned weight value, is appropriate.
Before we wrap up, let's briefly look at one real-world application of tree classification: categorization of websites. In many data-mining contexts, it is beneficial to know what "type" of website some data comes from. It turns out that pages from different websites can be categorized quite effectively using trees due to similarities in how web pages for similar services are structured.
How do we do that? HTML documents have a logical nested structure, which is very much like a tree. Each document contains one root element, with additional elements nested inside. Nested elements in an HTML tag are logically equivalent to child nodes of that tag:
Let's take a look at some code that can convert an HTML document into a tree:
This will produce a tree data structure that might look something like this:
The implementation above makes use of a couple of helpful Python libraries: NetworkX, for working with complex graph structures, and Beautiful Soup, for pulling data from the web and manipulating documents.
html_to_dom_tree(soup.find("body")) will return a NetworkX graph object rooted at the
Say we want to find groups in a set of 1,000 website homepages. By converting each homepage into a tree like this, we can compare each, for example by using the subpath tree kernel given in the previous section. With these measurements of similarity, we could find that, for example, e-commerce sites, news sites, blogs, and educational sites are easily identified by their similarity to each other.
In this article, we introduced methods for comparing tree-structured data elements to each other, and showed how to apply kernel methods to trees to get a quantifiable measurement of their similarity. Kernel methods have proven to be an excellent choice when operating in high-dimensional spaces, a common situation when working with tree structures. These techniques set the stage for further analysis of large sets of trees, using well-studied methods that operate over the kernel matrix.
Tree structures are encountered in many real-word areas like XML and HTML documents, chemical compounds, natural language processing, or certain types of users behavior. As demonstrated in the example of constructing trees from HTML, these techniques empower us to perform meaningful analysis in these domains.
Bio: Dino Causevic has over five years of experience as a software developer. For the past two years, he has worked in Java and related technologies, mostly in implementing big data solutions using NoSQL technologies and in implementing REST services. He also has experience with.NET and PCI DSS security standards and with REST solutions using Python combined with established frameworks.
Original. Reposted with permission.


text:
Cultural Landscape Report
Garfield Park is a valued, irreplaceable historic public park serving the Indianapolis community as both a city and neighborhood park. The park is a significant cultural landscape recognized for its history, its design influence, and its place in the Indianapolis parks and boulevards system. Heritage Landscapes was commissioned by the Friends of Garfield Park (FOGP) to develop a cultural landscape report investigating the history, chronology, existing conditions and use of the Garfield Park landscape and to recommend a preservation approach that respects its heritage while accommodating current and future directions. Garfield Park stands as a testimony of over a century of use, support and patronage by the neighborhood and the Indianapolis community. This Garfield Park Cultural Landscape Report honors that legacy while it seeks to insure the vibrancy and value of this important park into the future.
To preserve the future of the park FOGP championed the creation of the Garfield Park Cultural Landscape Preservation and Renewal Plan. Created in 2004 and 2005, The Cultural Landscape Plan was funded through grants of $25,000 from the Efroymson Fund of the Central Indiana Community Foundation, $5,000 from Marion County Historic Preservation Fund and $22,500 each from Friends of Garfield Park and Indy Parks.
This project, which celebrates the concepts and designs of George Kessler, was guided to completion by Patricia O'Donnell, ASLA, of Heritage Landscapes, which specializes in preservation planning and implementation for cultural landscapes. The plan will serve as a guide to future development and programs at the park such as:
- Educational materials, such as those included in the Historic Garfield Park Tour
- Fundraising campaigns to preserve and maintain the Bean Creek Bridge and the 100 year old Fountains
- Efforts leading to the designation on the National Registry of Historic Places
- Landscape renovations and restoration, including tree plantings, streets, pathways and other elements


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The terminology used by Sage within the 2010 Stock System is not always clear. Here is a brief attempt to document the various types of Balance.
Qty Allocated = Qty Allocated Stock + Qty Allocated BOM + Qty Allocated SOP. These are the three mechanisms by which Stock levels can be depleted.
Unconfirmed Quantity in Stock
Essentially, this is POP Stock Received but not Invoiced. Therefore, the Stock Value cannot yet be "Confirmed".
Confirmed Quantity in Stock
POP Stock Received and Invoiced. Therefore, the Stock Value is "Confirmed".
Actual Qty (Physical Stock) = Confirmed Qty + Unconfirmed Qty. Within Sage, the terms "Physical" and "Actual" stock are used interchangeably.
Free Stock = Actual (Physical) Qty – Qty Allocated.


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Standard fuzzy systems suffer the "curse of dimensionality" which has become the bottleneck when applying fuzzy systems to solve complex and high dimensional application problems. This curse of dimensionality results in a larger number of fuzzy rules which reduces the transparency of fuzzy systems. Furthermore too many rules also reduce the generalization capability of fuzzy systems. Hierarchical fuzzy systems have emerged as an effective alternative to overcome this curse of dimensionality and have attracted much attention. However, research on learning methods for hierarchical fuzzy systems and applications is rare. In this paper, we propose a scheme to construct general hierarchical fuzzy systems based on the gradient-descent method. To show the advantages of the proposed method (in terms of accuracy, transparency, generalization capability and fewer rules), this method is applied to a function approximation problem and the result is compared with those obtained by standard (flat) fuzzy systems.


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September 6, 2011
A normal linked list can be accessed only at its head. A double-ended queue, or deque (pronounced "deck"), can be accessed at either end. Like a normal list, a deque can be null. New elements can be added at either end, the element at either end of a non-null deque can be fetched, and the element at either end of a non-null deque can be deleted. Deques are a combination of stacks and queues.
Your task is to write a function library that implements deques; you should be sure that all operations are performed in constant time. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
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Corporate Responsibility and Governance
Australian News Report
Is the Media always being targeting the correct news and showcasing it in correct way? The answer is always uncertain and depends upon case to case. The recent news highlights the 7Eleven store issues related to wages and compensation. Print media is often seen to be biased and the viewpoints are different assumed by different authors and writers. Media is always being known for highlighting the issue and taking the concern to different level by different media sources. The 7-Eleven store issues is highlighted as the Wage Abuse Scandal. The main source of making profit is linked with underpaying the workers at 7-Eleven stores. (Josie Taylor, Sep 2015).
Wage abuse at store is a concern as employees are being paid less than the standards. (Adele Ferguson, Sep 2015) Media focuses the news by highlighting it to be like slavery for employees as they are being paid less for the more work they do. The FLA workplace code of conduct has a clause stating the compensation to be standard and same for every employee working under same designation. All the legal requirements have to be maintained while paying the workers.(Code of Conduct). The issue with the 7-Eleven stores in Australia is the systematic wage abuse by the company and its franchises who are even exploiting the employees since years. Raids at various stores have confirmed the issue to be true. The role of media lies in highlighting the issues to help the public be aware, so the need is to provide the correct and appropriate information which helps the public and common man to understand the issues. Media has helped in transforming the society and raise people's awareness. Corporate issues like wage abuse needs serious actions so that the issues are resolved well on time. As reported by Josie Taylor in ABC news, 7-Eleven stores are underpaying employees by writing less work hours and making employees more for more hours. Under the fair work act, it is mentioned to comply with the award provisions but the franchise stores are not following legal implications. It is evident that fair work should be checked at times for providing employees with fair pay as well as awards and recognition.
The issues are basically the wage abuse and different news channels are viewing the information highlighting the different concerns. Opinions by different reporters are different and the issues are at times missed due to debate between finding exactly the actual problem. As discussed by FC college on "Media's role in society, it is being said that Media is the main source of information sharing is often used for creating awareness, but at times they mislead the public by displaying incorrect information as they perceive it to be correct. The issue of 7-Eleven stores in Australia has ended up the government and The Fair Work Ombudsman to regularly survey the different stores to help stop wage abuse and illegal work and help the public and common people in getting the standards wages for their work. Fair work should regularly update their information and share with Media to help provide information and create awareness about the corporate issues being faced by the country.
 - 7-Eleven wage abuse claims spread to national petrol chain United Petroleum, Exclusive by consumer affairs reporter Josie Taylor, Updated on 2 Sep,2015,
 - 7-Eleven investigation: Convenience store empire 'built on something not much differnt from slavery', Four Corners by Adele Ferguson and Klaus Toft, updated on 31st Aug 2015,
 - 7-Eleven: panics, launches buyout in wake of wage abuse scandal, Date -September 1,
2015, Adele Ferguson, Sarah Danckert, Klaus Toft,
 - Code of Conduct,
 - 'Media's role in society' highlighted at FC College,
Financial review
The news of 7-Eleven stores stating the biggest case of wage abuse so far in Australia is going out of control as media is covering the news on regular basis with highlighting the causes and suggesting the methods to avoid the problems in future. The case is about the wage fraud where employees are paid less than the standards and often working for more hours than exactly they are paid. (Adele Ferguson, Sep 2015) This is also termed as ethical failure by as the employees are facing a serious corporate issue. Media has helped in finding the amount of wages being not paid to the concerned employees. The company is planning for independent panel to review all the allegations and if required will review the franchise agreements and take them back if the stores are unhappy franchises. (The Sydney Morning Herald). The media in this case has helped in finding the exact issue and the concerns which should be taken care of, it also highlights the profits company makes by paying less to the employees. Media is considered as the watchdog of the society as it highlights the correct information on time in front of the public. The most important responsibility of the media lies in as at times media plays role of opposition. It helps in changing the society and has helped in forming public opinion. (Kathakali Nandi, 2011).
The report of underpaying staff and falsifying payroll records is serious concern. Media has helped in presenting the concern to the public. The Fair Work Ombudsman do has obligations which are to be followed and are not to be avoided. ( Ursula Hogben, 31st August 2015 in Report by Ursula Hogben also highlights the various ways we can use to avoid these concerns. In a way Media has helped in finding relevant solutions to the major issues being faced by corporate companies.
Media is the face of the society. Even the Previous report of Australian Financial review discusses about the stores and their labor force has helped public in understanding the issue. Financial review by Adele Ferguson has helped public in knowing the serious wage abuse, scandals, false payroll records and even franchise profit making done by 7-Eleven stores all around the Australia. There were also same concerns in the US regarding the 7-Eleven stores. Media focuses on all the different angles of the news before presenting it to the public. The figures and stats clearly highlight the wages and the profits being made by the company franchises stores. Different opinions by different reporters and new channels often confuse the public about the exact situation and lead to debate at times. But most of the times media acts as an eye opener, as it helps in general public be aware of the corporate issues employees often face at work. It is highly important for the reporters to work according to the need of the situation. Different reports should consist different pieces of information as the audience varies.
Responsibility of Media is to present right information at right time to create awareness.
Kathakali Nandi, year 2008-11,
 - How we can stop the 7-Eleven ripoff happening again, published by Ursula Hogben on
31st August 2015, Updated on 2 September 2015, GUN1VPblhzL
 - 7-Eleven: panics, launches buyout in wake of wage abuse scandal, September 1 2015, Adele Ferguson, Sarah Danckert, Klaus Toft,


How Long Is A Day On Earth?
How long is 1 hour in space on Earth?
0.0026 secondsThat number times 1 hour is 0.0026 seconds.
So a person at that deep space location would have a clock that would run for one hour, while that person calculated that our clock ran for 59 minutes, 59.9974 seconds..
How long is 1 year in space?
Why is that considered a year? Well, 365 days is about how long it takes for Earth to orbit all the way around the Sun one time. It's not exactly this simple though. An Earth year is actually about 365 days, plus approximately 6 hours.
Which planet has the longest year?
Planet Neptune has the longest period of revolution, Nearly 164.8 Earth years for evolving the Sun from a distance of about 4493 million kilometers away from the Sun.
Is there life on Venus?
To date, no definitive proof has been found of past or present life on Venus. … With extreme surface temperatures reaching nearly 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F) and an atmospheric pressure 90 times that of Earth, the conditions on Venus make water-based life as we know it unlikely on the surface of the planet.
How long is 24hrs?
How many days is 24 hours? – 24 hours equals 1 days or there are 1 days in 24 hours. 24 hours in days will convert 24 hours to days, weeks, months and more. To convert 24 hours to days, simply divide 24 by 24.
Is a day actually 24 hours?
Day Length On Earth, a solar day is around 24 hours. However, Earth's orbit is elliptical, meaning it's not a perfect circle. That means some solar days on Earth are a few minutes longer than 24 hours and some are a few minutes shorter. … On Earth, a sidereal day is almost exactly 23 hours and 56 minutes.
Do you age in space?
So depending on our position and speed, time can appear to move faster or slower to us relative to others in a different part of space-time. And for astronauts on the International Space Station, that means they get to age just a tiny bit slower than people on Earth. That's because of time-dilation effects.
Which planet spins the fastest?
JupiterGood luck getting any sleep on Jupiter! This humongous gas giant rotates faster than any other planet in the Solar System, completing a day in less than 10 hours!
Is an hour in space 7 years on earth?
No. The time-dilation effect of Einstein's relativity has nothing to do with space. … The faster you're moving, the slower time goes for you. So if you were on some planet moving extremely fast through space, like in the movie Interstellar, then yes, you could miss 7 years on Earth every hour.
Is a day 12 or 24 hours?
Our 24-hour day comes from the ancient Egyptians who divided day-time into 10 hours they measured with devices such as shadow clocks, and added a twilight hour at the beginning and another one at the end of the day-time, says Lomb. "Night-time was divided in 12 hours, based on the observations of stars.
Why is a day 23 hours and 56 minutes?
If our definition of a day was truly based on one complete rotation of the Earth on its axis — a 360 degree spin — then a day would be 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds. … The mismatch of nearly 4 minutes is because the Earth must rotate more than 360 degrees between one dawn and the next.
Who invented hours?
Ancient BabyloniansThe Ancient Babylonians take credit for the hour being made up of 60 minutes. For reasons that remain unclear, they used a base 60 system of counting. They also divided the circle into 360 parts, which the Ancient Greeks built upon when they tried to divide the Earth into 360 lines of longitude and latitude.
Why is a day on Earth 24 hours?
Because the Earth orbits the Sun elliptically as the Earth spins on an inclined axis, this period can be up to 7.9 seconds more than (or less than) 24 hours. … The length of such a day is nearly constant (24 hours ± 30 seconds). This is the time as indicated by modern sundials.
How long is a day on Mars compared to Earth?
Mars is a planet with a very similar daily cycle as the Earth. Its sidereal day is 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22 seconds and its solar day 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. A Martian day (referred to as "sol") is therefore approximately 40 minutes longer than a day on Earth.
Do you age slower on Mars?
To a watcher on Earth, yes. To a very, very, very, very, very minute degree time will move more slowly for you on Mars, as compared to Earth, due to gravitational time dilation. … In their reference frame on Earth, they are aging at exactly the same rate. They will always age at the same rate.


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Abstract： The term "risk-domain specificity" refers to the domain-specific nature of risky decision making due to the presence of factors that are particular to a certain content domain. Based on classical risky decision making theories stemming from laws of expectation, risk-taking propensity is domain-general. On the other hand, substantial evidences from past studies indicate that risk-taking propensity is domain-specific. The literature on risk-domain specificity has witnessed considerable progress in terms of mechanisms, measurements, and independent variables. Theoretically, early mainstream mechanisms deconstructed risk behavior based on a risk-return framework, whereas recent studies have validated the mechanisms with new sets of evidence and explained risk-domain specificity from the perspectives of evolution, personality and motivation. In terms of measurements, Domain-specific Risk Taking Scale (DOSPERT), as a dominant scale, has been further validated in various cultures, content domains, and groups. In comparison, other scales based on different content domains have been proven to be consistent and valid. In terms of independent variables, the regularity of risk-domain specificity has been proposed from various perspectives, such as genetics, environment and individual differences. Future research may focus on content domain integration and theory validation in detailed content domains as well as exploring regularity and mechanisms of risk-domain specificity at an individual level.
岳灵紫, 李纾, 梁竹苑. 风险决策中的领域特异性[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(5): 928-938.
YUE Ling-Zi, LI Shu, LIANG Zhu-Yuan. New avenues for the development of domain-specific nature of risky decision making. Advances in Psychological Science, 2018, 26(5): 928-938.


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By former BCI Science Officer, Barbara French
Barbara shows you exactly how to safely and humanely remove unwanted bats that have slipped into your home. She also offers tips on how to keep them from coming back. This streaming video clip is 10:35 minutes in length (not suitable for dial-up connections).
Please note: In the United Kingdom, bats and their roosts are protected by law. You must seek advice from your local Statutory Nature Conservation organisation before doing anything that may disturb bats or their roosts.
The video refers to exclusion tubes, these can be obtained from _URL_
A Bat Conservation International reminder: Always wear protective gloves when removing bats.
Never handle bats or any other wild animal with your bare hands.


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The rat race
A single Norway rat released on to a rat-free island was not caught for more than four months, despite intensive efforts to trap it. The rat first explored the 9.5-hectare island and then swam 400 metres across open water to another rat-free island, evading capture for 18 weeks until an aggressive combination of detection and trapping methods were deployed simultaneously.Apparently, it is quite hard to clear islands of rats and once they are cleared they often get reinfested. Now we know why. Above is part of the abstract of and article from this week's Nature (not free access)
An extended account is here:
Despite being weighed down by a tiny radio transmitter collar, Razza eluded intensive efforts to trap him during his 10-week sojourn on New Zealand's uninhabited and forested Motuhoropapa Island.
During that time, the rat evaded an arsenal of traps and poisoned baits that included peanut butter. He even continued to stay one step ahead of sniffer dogs sent in to track him down.
Then he disappeared only to turn up on neighboring Otata Island after his dip, apparently motivated by primordial urges during the spring-summer mating season
Only a cynic would note that by not catching the rat they got a paper in Nature, and wonder how hard they really tried.


How frequently can male dogs breed?
How many times can a male dog mate in a day?
One acceptable and recommended thing for male dogs is that they mate with female dogs at most twice a day. But, for the male dogs, if you give them a chance to do this more than twice, they won't hesitate. There are no rules on how frequently in a day male dogs should mate; some males can go up to ten times or more.
How many times should I breed my male dog?
IT IS INTERESTING: How long does it take to treat lungworm in dogs?
How often can a dog produce sperm?
A normal male dog can ejaculate every two to five days and maintain their daily sperm output. However, frequent ejaculation influences the quantity and quality of the dog's semen. To ensure good quality sperm, semen should be collected no more than every other day on a regular basis.
How many times can you breed a dog in a year?
It's possible for a female dog to have a maximum of three litters a year. Female dogs can go into heat around the age of six to 12 months and do not go into menopause. Assuming a dog lives to the average age of 11, a dog could have up to 30 litters.
Do male dogs get too old to breed?
How do you know if a dog mating is successful?
At what age is a male dog fertile?
IT IS INTERESTING: Best answer: Why do older dogs start peeing inside?
Will breeding my male dog change his personality?
Why dogs get stuck during breeding?
How long does it take for a male dog to regenerate sperm?
How much is dog sperm worth?
But to up the chances, some enthusiasts are buying show-dog quality sperm. And it isn't cheap. According to Bloomberg, one vial costs about $2,000, which is less than the cost of purchasing a show-quality dog (starting at around $2,500) and shipping to your home.
What foods produce sperm fast?
 - Eggs. …
 - Spinach. …
 - Bananas. …
 - Maca Roots. …
 - Asparagus. …
 - Dark Chocolate. …
 - Walnuts.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you teach an untrained dog to sit?
What is the best age for a dog to breed?
How long should dogs wait between litters?
Additionally, your female can't get a title if she had a litter in the past 6 months to 1 year. So, the answer to this question is that the safe frequency of breeding a female dog is only every 18 months to 2 years.
Is the first litter of puppies the best?
Dog Blog


Synthica Energy St. Bernard (SESB)
 - Status: EPA Permit to Install Issued 6/29/2021: Read More
 - Located at 5410 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH in the heart of "Ivorydale"
 - Serving the Greater Cincinnati region
 - Approx. 190,000 tons per year of food-derived feedstock
 - Approx. 250,000 MMBtu of RNG/year
 - Groundbreaking Scheduled Q4 2021
 - Commercial Operation in Q4 2022
Why St. Bernard?
Going back to early days of Ivorydale, St. Bernard has a storied past of being a manufacturing hub. Synthica Energy St. Bernard will complement this history and provide a greener future for handling the necessary process of production wastes. Renewable Natural Gas is created by breaking down organic feedstocks from sources such as industrial food production and food scraps. All of these sources can be found in the St. Bernard area. We can essentially take the waste from the manufacturing plants, which would typically be sent to the landfill or less sustainable disposal sites, and turn it into renewable natural gas pumped into the utility pipeline for use.
What are the benefits to the project? / Why is important?
Companies looking to relocate are seeking out these greener solutions and will be attracted to the St. Bernard area, bringing additional jobs and tax revenue for the village. Once in place, this facility will divert 190,000 tons per year of waste from local landfills. Companies will have less distance to truck, lowering costs and cutting down on diesel emissions.
 - Jobs: It is more and more common that companies are requiring/requesting options for organic disposal before they locate new manufacturing facilities. For example, large breweries and distilleries are commonly wanting to site near AD facilities due to their byproduct streams. Even in recent years, several large food producers have passed on the Cincinnati region as a site for operations due to lack of this critical infrastructure.
 - Incentive for Expansion: Currently, because manufacturers in the region face extremely limited and expensive options for byproduct disposal, it places a limit on their capacity of what they can produce. With the added reliability and proximity of our digester, as well as the cost savings, they can look into expansion and growth of their facilities. This will lead to more jobs, less incentive to locate elsewhere, and a boost to the local economy.
 - Lack of Any Local Digester Infrastructure: Currently there are no anaerobic digestion facilities within 50 miles of Cincinnati. This causes our region to be at a disadvantage when compared to other regions of the state such as Cleveland, Dayton, or Columbus, because it means operating a food manufacturing plant in our region is more expensive than other regions. In the near future, in the same way companies expect to have reliable electric and gas infrastructure when they site a location, they will expect to have easy outlets for organic waste disposal.
 - Emissions Reductions: Fewer trucks driving longer distances to haul away wastes means that overall truck emissions in the Miami Valley area / Millcreek region will be reduced.
Please contact us at or _PHONE_.


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A new study suggests active participation by the father in child-raising activities improves academic performance and behavior in the kids.
Concordia University researchers have studied how fathers can positively influence the development of their kids through hands-on parenting over many years.
"Fathers make important contributions in the development of their children's behavior and intelligence," said Erin Pougnet, a Ph.D. candidate in the Concordia University Department of Psychology.
"Compared with other children with absentee dads, kids whose fathers were active parents in early and middle childhood had fewer behavior problems and higher intellectual abilities as they grew older — even among socioeconomically at-risk families."
"Regardless of whether fathers lived with their children, their ability to set appropriate limits and structure their children's behavior positively influenced problem-solving and decreased emotional problems, such as sadness, social withdrawal and anxiety," said Pougnet.
In the study, researchers performed three assessments on 138 children and their parents. Kids were evaluated between the ages of three to five years old and again from nine to 13.
They completed intelligence tests, while their mothers completed questionnaires on home environment and couple conflict. All children were recruited as part of the larger Concordia Longitudinal Risk Research Project, an intergenerational study launched in 1976.
School teachers were also recruited as observers of child behaviors outside homes.
"Teachers were a somewhat more independent source of information than mothers, fathers or children themselves," said Pougnet, "because a father's absence can result in home conflict, maternal distress and child distress."
Researchers discovered girls to be most affected by absentee dads, although the researchers caution that paternal absence can foster other problems such as lack of support or discipline.
"Girls whose fathers were absent during their middle childhood had significantly higher levels of emotional problems at school than girls whose fathers were present," said Pougnet.
The number of single parents continue to grow in Canada and in the U.S. In 2007, 13 per cent of Canadian families and 22 per cent of Quebec families were households with absent biological fathers.
"While our study examined the important role dads play in the development of their children, kids don't necessarily do poorly without their fathers," said co-author Lisa A. Serbin.
"Mothers and other caregivers are also important. No doubt fathers have a major impact, but there are definitely many alternative ways to raise a healthy child. Some kids with no contact with fathers, or with distant dads, do well intellectually and emotionally."
The findings, however, should encourage governments to formulate policies that encourage increased and positive forms of contact between children and their fathers.
"Initiatives such as parental leave for men and parenting classes that emphasize the role of fathers could help to maximize children's development from early childhood to preadolescence," said Serbin.
Results from the long-term study have been in the Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science.


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is mandated to conduct assessments of reports of suspected child maltreatment as defined in Chapter 7B of the North Carolina General Statutes.
During an assessment, a social worker has two primary responsibilities:
Gather information to determine if a child or children have been abused, neglected or dependent; and,
Provide services necessary to assure child safety.
As part of gathering information, the social worker will seek to interview all children and all adults in the household as well as other persons identified as having information to contribute. The social worker may need to review medical or other records and may request medical assessments be completed as part of the assessment.
When conducting a CPS assessment, social workers will complete a safety assessment and give a copy to the parents. If services are needed to assure child safety, the social worker will involve parents in decision making and work to help the child stay safely at home whenever possible.
CPS has a choice of two tracks for completing CPS assessments: an investigative assessment and a family assessment track.
are used for allegations of child abuse and certain cases of child neglect, including those involving clear risk of serious harm to a child.
Investigative assessments are:
- often conducted in collaboration with law enforcement
- usually involve interviewing children separately from their parents
- determines whether sufficient supporting evidence exits to substantiate the allegations made in the report or if not, the allegations are unsubstantiated
- completed within 30 days, unless extended
If child abuse or serious neglect is substantiated against a specific individual, the individual is notified that his or her name may be placed on a confidential Responsible Individual's List (RIL) and given an opportunity to appeal the decision.
are used to assess most allegations of child neglect. Family assessments are intended to engage the family in collaborating with Child Welfare to assure the safety and wellbeing of children.
In a family assessment:
- a social worker usually calls a parent to arrange a time to meet with the family;
- determines whether services are needed, recommended, or not necessary;
- does not result in a formal finding that an individual was responsible for maltreatment
- often links a family to services during the assessment
- completed with 45 days
However, even in a family assessment, Child Welfare can choose to seek court intervention if a family fails to follow through with needed actions to ensure children's safety.
In both Investigative and Family assessments, the social worker completes a safety assessment and safety plan when they first make contact with the family. The social worker will discuss identified safety concerns with the family and ask for input in making a safety plan for any concerns identified.
- Participation by parents in developing the plan helps assure that the plan will be workable for the family.
- Other family members or supportive individuals can also be part of safety planning for the children.
- A safety plan should be specific and include a time frame for when it will be reviewed.
- Parents receive a copy of the assessment and plan.
Sometimes children are found to be at high risk of serious harm or more time is needed to determine if children are safe because of the seriousness of the allegations. In these circumstances, CPS may ask parents to consider placing children temporarily with a relative or trusted caretaker. Such arrangements are called safety resource placements.
Safety Resource placements are intended to:
- give CPS an opportunity to further assess safety issues and to give parents an opportunity to resolve them.
- be short term
- a substitute for CPS seeking court intervention
- chosen by parents
- allow parents to retain legal custody
However, CPS is required to assure the appropriateness of the safety resource placement by conducting a kinship care assessment that includes a visit to the proposed home and criminal and CPS record checks.
When a CPS assessment does not confirm that children have been maltreated and are at significant risk of future harm, CPS services end when the assessment ends. In these circumstances, CPS sometimes makes recommendations to families or refers them to services that they can choose to continue, on their own.
When a CPS assessment confirms that children have been abused, neglected or dependent and are at significant risk of future harm, CPS will usually tell the family that ongoing CPS In-Home Services are required. CPS will ask the family to help plan ongoing In-Home services to help the family keep children safely at home. (See CPS In-Home Services for more information).
When a CPS assessment determines that children have been maltreated and are at risk of serious harm, CPS may petition the court for legal custody if no lesser measures are reasonable to protect the child. (See Foster Care for more information).
CPS notifies families directly and in writing about the outcome of assessments.