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Let $v_1, \dots, v_m$ be a linearly dependent list of vectors.
If $v_1 \ne 0$, then there is some $v_j$ in the span of $v_1, \dots, v_{j-1}$
If we let j be the smallest integer with this property, and apply the gram-schmidt procedure to produce an orthonormal list $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ then $v_j$ is in the span of $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ and
$$v_j = \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1+ \dots + \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1}$$
Why does this guarantee that length of $v_j$=0? I'm missing something about linear dependence that should probably be obvious sorry :\
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
The Gram-Schmidt process goes as follows: given $v_1,\ldots,v_n$, you define $$\begin{align*} u_1 &= v_1\\ e_1 &= \frac{1}{||u_1||}u_1;\\ u_2 &= v_2 - \langle v_2,e_1\rangle e_1;\\ e_2 &= \frac{1}{||u_2||}u_2;\\ &\vdots\\ u_{k+1} &= v_{k+1} - \left(\langle v_{k+1},e_1\rangle e_1 + \langle v_{k+1},e_2\rangle e_2 + \cdots + \langle v_{k+1},e_k\rangle e_k\right)\\ e_{k+1}&= \frac{1}{||u_{k+1}||}u_{k+1}\\ &\vdots \end{align*}$$
So when you construct $u_{j}$, you get $\mathbf{0}$, and when you try to construct $e_{j}$ you attempt to divide by $0$. It's not $v_j$ which has length $0$, it's $u_j$.
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I see, thank you. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:04
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It does not guarantee that. What it guarantees is that $v_j - \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1- \dots - \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1} = 0$, which means that you cannot define $e_j$ by dividing this vector by its norm. Instead, you throw it away and move on to $v_{j+1}$.
E.g., consider the case $v_1\neq 0$ and $v_2=v_1$.
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Thank you, this also helped with the simple example. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:06
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Use authored in a sentence authored sentence examples
This led to the final product being effectively communally authored and produced. For the most part we are publishers and editors, you should assume we have not authored or checked the information independently.
Entry 1 of 2 : a person who has written something especially : a person who has written a book or who writes many books : a person who starts or creates something such as a plan or idea author. Together the couple authored more than books and price guides on antiques, had their syndicated antiques column in more than newspapers and co-hosted several television series about antiques.
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Make Teaching R Quasi-Quotation Easier
To make teaching R quasi-quotation easier it would be nice if R string-interpolation and quasi-quotation both used the same notation. They are related concepts. So some commonality of notation would actually be clarifying, and help teach the concepts. We will define both of the above terms, and demonstrate the relation between the two concepts.
String-interpolation is the name for substituting value into a string. For example:
variable <-"angle")
 'variable name is.(variable)'
## [1] "variable name is angle"
Notice the ".(variable)" portion was replaced with the actual variable name "angle". For string interpolation we are intentionally using the ".()" notation that Thomas Lumley's picked in 2003 when he introduced quasi-quotation into R (a different concept than string-interpolation, but the topic of our next section).
String interpolation is a common need, and there are many R packages that supply variations of such functionality:
A related idea is "quasi-quotation" which substitutes a value into a general expression. For example:
angle = 1:10
variable <-"angle")
 plot(x =.(variable),
 y = sin(.(variable)))
Unnamed chunk 2 1
Notice how in the above plot the actual variable name "angle" was substituted into the graphics::plot() arguments, allowing this name to appear on the axis labels.
evalb() is is a very simple function built on top of base::bquote():
print(evalb)
## function(..., where = parent.frame()) {
## force(where)
## exprq <- bquote(..., where = where)
## eval(exprq,
## envir = where,
## enclos = where)
## }
##
##
All evalb() does is: call bquote() as intended. A way to teach this is to just call bqoute() alone.
 plot(x =.(variable),
 y = sin(.(variable)))
## plot(x = angle, y = sin(angle))
And we see the un-executed code with the substitutions performed.
There are many R quasi-quotation systems including:
If you don't want to wrap your plot() call in evalb() you can instead pre-adapt the function. Below we create a new function plotb() that is intended as shorthand for eval(bquote(plot(...))).
plotb <- bquote_function(graphics::plot)
plotb(x =.(variable),
 y = sin(.(variable)))
Unnamed chunk 5 1
When string-inerpolation and quasi-quotation use the same notation we can teach them quickly as simple related concepts.
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Aristotle, Law and Justice: The Tragic Hero
Humboldt University of Berlin - Faculty of Law
Northern Kentucky Law Review, Vol. 35, pp. 1-18, 2008
Aristotle was the greatest scientist in western history. He established the scientific paradigm and the instruments thereof (materialism and logic). His work covered all basic sciences: Astronomy, Botany, Logic, Mathematics, Meteorology Philosophy, Psychology and Political Science. Aristotle's conception of justice pervades the law and heavily influenced the Anglo-Saxon court system to this day. Yet, the mark of a hero in Greek tragedy is his tragic flaw. Aristotle was not only a great scientist. He was also racist, sexist and homophobic - he thought slavery was natural and good. This tragic flaw in Aristotle's work has distorted all of western thought since. In order to cure the disease we must understand its origin. This essay describes Aristotle's theory of justice and law in order to explain just how pervasively his thought influenced the common law. We can and should reject the dark shadow of this great scientist whilst enjoying the greater and better part of his work.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 164
Keywords: Aristotle, legal theory, philosophy of law, jurisprudence, justice, theory, theory of justice, distributive justice, geometric justice, arithmetic justice, transactional justice, social justice, ratio
JEL Classification: B3, B30, B31, D63Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: April 30, 2008 ; Last revised: November 13, 2009
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Smart Glass being Invented by Corning could Analyze DNA
DNA imageRecently, Corning Incorporated, together with Polytechnique Montreal, is developing a type of smart glass mainly used as the touchscreen of the smartphone, which can detect people's physical condition and can even analyze the user's DNA through reading the spit on the surface of the smart glass. Besides, this smart glass can also detect the composition of the atmosphere.


text:
Alberto Pinto named chief editor of the Journal of Dynamics and Games
Alberto Pinto from LIAAD/INESC TEC has been named chief editor of the Journal of Dynamics and Games (JDG) by the American Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
The researcher will run the journal in partnership with Michael Benain. The journal is dedicated to applied mathematics and publishes high quality articles on Dynamic System interfaces and Game Theory.
The journal addresses the development and diffusion of ideas and mathematical techniques that result from the analysis and modelling of systems where the agents interact in a dynamic way over time. The JDG covers topics, such as dynamic stochastic games and learning and evolution models.


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What does SOOT stand for?
What does SOOT mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: SOOT.
We've found a total of 1 definition for SOOT:
What does SOOT mean?
- carbon black, lampblack, soot, smut, crock(verb)
- a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


text:
Minnesota Cancels Moose Hunting as Population Plummets
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) – Minnesota officials are canceling the state's moose hunting season because of a sharp decline in the moose population.
Department of Natural Resources officials say their annual aerial survey to estimate the moose population was "extremely disappointing," at about 2,760 animals.
Minnesota's moose population was estimated at a little more than 4,200 in last winter's survey. That number was already down by half from 2006.
Researchers are studying why one of Minnesota's signature animals is dwindling. Scientists think warmer weather, parasites and disease are contributing factors.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved)


text:
A color ramp uses color to display its numeric value. You configure a color scale that consists of at least two arbitrary markers, each with a numeric value and a corresponding display color. As the input value changes, the color displayed changes to the color that corresponds to that value. Color ramps are useful for visually indicating data ranges, such as a warning range for when a gauge reaches dangerous values. For example, you can use a color ramp to set the color scale for intensity graphs and charts.
Complete the following steps to add and configure a color ramp.
- Right-click a dial, knob, or gauge and select Visible Items»Ramp from the shortcut menu to add a color ramp.
- Right-click the color ramp or a marker and select Marker Spacing»Arbitrary from the shortcut menu to switch the color ramp to arbitrary marker spacing.
- To change the value of an arbitrary marker on a color ramp, use the Operating tool to drag the marker to the value you want or use the Labeling tool to highlight the text of the marker and enter a new value. When you drag a marker, the cursor changes to to indicate the tool is over a marker.
- To add a new marker to the color ramp, right-click the position on the color ramp where you want to add a new marker and select Add Marker from the shortcut menu. LabVIEW adds a new marker to that location. You also can press the key while you drag an existing marker to the location where you want to add a marker.
(Mac OS X) Press the key. (Linux) Press the key.
- Use the Operating or Positioning tools to right-click the marker next to the color ramp and select Marker Color from the shortcut menu to change the color associated with a marker.
- Select the color you want from the color picker that appears.
- Resize the color ramp by moving the Positioning tool over one of the handles that appear on the midpoints of the color ramp. Drag the handle to the width you want.
||Note Meters have a visible color ramp by default.


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Help people make better eating choices with the Eat Healthy Hypnosis Script
Use hypnosis to help boost motivation for weight loss and enable people to eat healthy - all the time
There are thousands of different diet programs that people can use to lose weight. Quite a lot of them are effective at getting the weight down. But far fewer are effective at keeping the weight down. Many a dieter will moan about 'yo-yo dieting'. As soon as it comes off, it goes on again.
This is because very few diets help people establish a pattern which allows them to make good healthy food choices as a matter of course.
The Eat Healthy Hypnosis Script from The Script Collection was developed specifically to address this problem. It is not a diet plan. It focuses on how to boost psychological motivation to make, and keep making, the right food choices.
The pre-talk clearly explains what is going on when someone continuously (and seemingly against their own will) makes choices that negatively impact on their weight and health, and what needs to be done to overcome this.
The induction focuses on deep relaxation and dissociation, helping the client to enter a hyper-receptive learning state where they can make changes at a deep unconscious level.
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Two bronze dōtaku (ritual bells), Yayoi period (about 300 BC-AD 300), Japan.
The origin of the dōtaku is thought to be the Chinese cattle bell. However, the Japanese did not practise cattle farming, so the first bells must have been imported as ritual objects. The fact that they are often found buried on isolated hill-sides and show evidence of having been buried and dug up several times, suggests their use in an agricultural ritual. - britishmuseum.org


text:
The White House Sets Sustainability Goals for Federal Agencies
Targeting a 26% Improvement in Water Efficiency by the Year 2020
The White House issued an Executive Order on October 5, 2009 that sets sustainability goals for Federal agencies and focuses on making improvements in their environmental, energy and water efficiency, and economic performance.
The Executive Order, signed by President Obama last week, requires Federal agencies to set a 2020 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target within 90 days, increase energy efficiency, conserve water by improving the efficiency for water usage, reduce waste, reduce fleet vehicle petroleum consumption and support sustainable communities.
Among the environmental measures mandated by the order is a 26% improvement in water efficiency by 2020.
Demonstrating a commitment to lead by example the President stated that the federal government can and should create innovative ways for each agency to develop and carry out priorities to assist in meeting their sustainability goals.


text:
Block A has a weight of 400N and block B has a weight of 100N. The coefficient of friction between all surfaces of contact are μs = 0.7 and μk = 0.2.
Knowing that θ = 60°, determine the acceleration of block A and the tension in the cord. Assume block A is moving downwards.
I know I should be solving for the acceleration but I figured if I get the tension I could use ∑F = ma on block B to get the acceleration there and that would be the same acceleration on block A.
2. Relevant equations
∑F = ma
3. The attempt at a solution
took the inclined plane and it's normal as the axis and used Newton's equation on the perpindicular axis to get the normal (N – Wcosθ = 0) and got N = 200N. Then used the plane's axis at the moment the tension force equals the static friction (Wsinθ – 2T – μsN = 0) but I got 103.7N as the answer when it should be 127N and I don't know what my mistake is.


text:
You are here
Dog Friendly Plants
Safe Plants for Our Furry Friends
1. Gerber Daisy Gerbera jamesonii. Also known as the Barberton Daisy, Veldt Daisy, Transvaal Daisy or African Daisy.
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3. Alyssum Alyssum sp.
4. Antirrhinum Antirrhinum sp. Also known as the Snapdragon.
5. Bachelor's Buttons Centaurea cyanus. Also known as Cornflower or Bluebottle.
6. Bloodleaf Iresine herbstii. Also known as Chicken Gizzard, Yellow Bloodleaf, or Joseph's Coat.
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9. Hollyhock Althea rosea.
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12. Magnolia Bush Magnolia stellata. Also known as the Star Magnolia.


Create standard statistical graphs from SAS/IML
Last week I showed how to use the SUBMIT and ENDSUBMIT statements in the SAS/IML language to call the SGPLOT procedure to create ODS graphs of data that are in SAS/IML vectors and matrices. I also showed how to create a SAS/IML module that hides the details and enables you to create a plot by using a single statement.
Wouldn't it be great if someone used these ideas to write SAS/IML modules that enable you to create frequently used statistical graphics like bar charts, histograms, and scatter plots?
Someone did! SAS/IML 12.3 (which shipped with SAS 9.4) includes five modules that enable you to create basic statistical graphs. The modules are named for a corresponding SGPLOT statement, as follow:
 - The BAR subroutine creates a bar chart of a categorical variable. If you specify a grouping variable, you can create stacked or clustered bar charts. You can control the ordering of the categories in the bar chart.
 - The BOX subroutine creates a box plot of a continuous variable or multiple box plots when you also specify a categorical variable. You can control the ordering of the categories in the box plot.
 - The HISTOGRAM subroutine creates a histogram of a continuous variable. You can overlay a normal density or kernel density estimate. You can control the arrangement of bins in the histogram.
 - The SCATTER subroutine creates a scatter plot of two continuous variables. You can color markers according to a third grouping variable, and you can specify labels for markers.
 - The SERIES subroutine creates a series plot, which is sometimes called a line plot. You can specify a grouping variable to overlay multiple line plots.
You can watch a seven-minute video that shows examples of statistical graphs that you can create by using these subroutines. The SAS/IML documentation also contains a new chapter on these statistical graphs.
Examples of creating statistical graphs
Because the video does not enable you to copy and paste, the rest of this article shows SAS/IML statements that create some of the graphs in the video. You can modify these statements to display new data, add or delete options, and so forth.
The video examples use data from the Sashelp.Cars data set, which contains information about 428 cars, trucks, and SUVs. The following statements read the data and create five SAS/IML vectors: three categorical variables (Model, Type, and Origin) and two continuous variables (MPG_City and Weight):
proc iml;
use Sashelp.Cars where(type? {"SUV" "Truck" "Sedan"});
read all var {Model Type Origin MPG_City Weight};
close Sashelp.Cars;
The following statement creates a clustered bar chart of the Origin variable, grouped by the Type variable:
title "Clustered Bar Chart";
call Bar(Origin) group=Type groupopt="Cluster" grid="Y";
The graph shows the number of vehicles in the data that are manufactured in Asia, Europe, and the US. The graph shows that there are no European trucks in the data and that each region produces more than 75 sedans.
You can create a box plot that shows the relative fuel economy for vehicles that are manufactured in each of the three regions:
title "Box Plot with Data Labels";
call Box(MPG_City) category=Origin option="spread" datalabel=putc(Model,"$10.");
The box plots show that the average and median fuel economy of Asian vehicles is greater than for European and US-built vehicles. Outliers are labeled by using the first 10 characters of the Model variable. Outliers that would otherwise overlap are spread horizontally.
You can use a histogram to visualize the distribution of the MPG_City variable. The following statement creates a histogram and overlays a normal and kernel density estimate:
title "Histogram with Density Curves";
call Histogram(MPG_City) density={"Normal" "Kernel"} rebin={0 5};
The normal curve does not fit the data well. The kernel density estimate shows three peaks because many vehicles get about 20 mpg, about 25 mpg, and about 30 mpg.
You can create a scatter plot that shows the relationship between fuel economy and the weight of a vehicle. The following statement creates a scatter plot and colors each marker according to whether it represents a sedan, truck, or SUV.
title "Scatter Plot with Groups";
run Scatter(Weight, MPG_City) group=Type;
The scatter plot shows that lighter vehicles tend to have better fuel economy. Sedans, which tend to be relatively light, often have better fuel economy than trucks and SUVs.
The Sashelp.Cars data set is not appropriate for demonstrating a series plot. The following statements evaluate the standard normal probability density function on the range [-5, 5] and call the SERIES subroutine to visualize the density function. Two vertical reference lines are overlaid on the plot.
x = do(-5, 5, 0.1);
Density = pdf("Normal", x, 0, 1);
title "Series Plot with Reference Lines";
call Series(x, Density) other="refline -2 2 / axis=x" grid={X Y};
This article has briefly described five SAS/IML subroutines in SAS/IML 12.3 that enable you quickly to create ODS statistical graphs from data in vectors or matrices. The routines are not intended to be a complete interface to the SGPLOT procedure. Rather, the routines expose common options for frequently used statistical graphs. If you want to create more complicated graphs that use more esoteric options, you can use the techniques from my previous post to write your own SAS/IML modules that create the exact graph that you need.
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Simulate many samples from a logistic regression model
My last blog post showed how to simulate data for a logistic regression model with two continuous variables. To keep the discussion simple, I simulated a single sample with N observations. However, to obtain the sampling distribution of statistics, you need to generate many samples from the same logistic model. This article shows how to simulate many samples efficiently in the SAS/IML language. The example is from my book Simulating Data with SAS.
The program in my previous post consists of four steps. (Or five, if you count creating a data set as a separate step.) To simulate multiple samples, put a DO loop around Step 4, the step that generates a random binary response vector from the probabilities that were computed for each observation in the model. The following program writes a single data set that contains 100 samples. Each sample is identified by an ordinal variable named SampleID. The data set is in the form required for BY-group processing, which is the efficient way to simulate data with SAS.
%let N = 150; /* N = sample size */
%let NumSamples = 100; /* number of samples */
proc iml;
call randseed(1);
X = j(&N, 3, 1); /* X[,1] is intercept */
/* 1. Read design matrix for X or assign X randomly.
 For this example, x1 ~ U(0,1) and x2 ~ N(0,2) */
X[,2] = randfun(&N, "Uniform");
X[,3] = randfun(&N, "Normal", 0, 2);
/* Logistic model with parameters {2, -4, 1} */
beta = {2, -4, 1};
eta = X*beta; /* 2. linear model */
mu = logistic(eta); /* 3. transform by inverse logit */
/* create output data set. Output data during each loop iteration. */
varNames = {"SampleID" "y"} || ("x1":"x2"); /* 1st col is ID */
Out = j(&N,1) || X; /* matrix to store simulated data */
create LogisticData from Out[c=varNames];
y = j(&N,1); /* allocate response vector */
do i = 1 to &NumSamples; /* the simulation loop */
 Out[,1] = i; /* update value of SampleID */
 call randgen(y, "Bernoulli", mu); /* 4. simulate binary response */
 Out[,2] = y;
 append from Out; /* 5. output this sample */
end; /* end loop */
close LogisticData;
You can call PROC LOGISTIC and specify the SampleID variable on the BY statement. This will produce a set of 100 statistics. The union is an approximate sampling distribution for the statistics. The following call to PROC LOGISTIC computes 100 parameter estimates and saves them to the PE data set.
options nonotes;
proc logistic data=LogisticData noprint outest=PE;
 by SampleId;
 model y(Event='1') = x1 x2;
options notes;
Notice that the call to PROC LOGISTIC uses the NOPRINT option (and the NONOTES option) to suppress unnecessary output during the simulation.
You can use PROC UNIVARIATE to examine the sampling distribution of each parameter estimate. Of course, the parameter estimates also have correlation with each other, so you might also be interested in how the estimates are jointly distributed. You can use the CORR procedure to analyze and visualize the pairwise distributions of the estimates.
In the following statements, I do something slightly more complicated. I use PROC SGSCATTER to create a matrix of pairwise scatter plots of the parameter estimates, with the true parameter values overlaid on the estimates. It requires extra


Format excel cells and border using VBA |
Format Cell VBA Excel
To format cells and format the text contained in the cells.
In this VBA Excel automation, we shall declare a range object and then we shall format the cells and format the text inside the cell.Here we have declared a range variable called "SampleRange" to showcase the use of range object.
Sub FormatExcelRange()
Dim SampleRange As Range
Set SampleRange = Range("A1: B10")
'Formatting the cell borders
With SampleRange.Borders
.Weight = xlMedium
.LineStyle = xlDash
.Color = RGB(0, 206, 255)
End With
'Formatting the cell interior colour
With SampleRange.Interior
.Color = RGB(128, 128, 128)
.TintAndShade = 0.8
End With
'Formatting the text inside cell
With SampleRange.Font
.Bold = True
.Italic = True
.Underline = True
End With
'Change Column Width and row height
With SampleRange
.ColumnWidth = 25
.RowHeight = 20
End With
End Sub
What this code does –
 - Created a range object for cell range A1:B10
 - Format the border line thickness, color, line style
 - Change the cell interior color and shade
 - Format the text inside the selected range as bold,italic and underlined
 - Change the column width and row height
Before executing the VBA code, for demonstration purpose we had created some sample data in cell A1:C10 as shown below.
Format Cell VBA Excel
Once the code is executed completely, cells and the text within cells is formatted.Border is also formatted.
There are multiple methods and properties which are associated with Range object, they can be used as per requirement, we can find them in the link provided in the reference section.
Post you may like
Remove duplicate rows by VBA Excel


October 17, 2017 Hangry
How to Get Students to Respond to Surveys
In order to create the ultimate student experience, campuses need to know what the student wants. However, standard surveys, suggestion boxes and substantial feedback are hard to come by—especially from students. This prevents campuses from making the necessary improvements to improve overall campus life. Here we'll be listing 3 ways you can go about capturing valuable feedback.
1) Highlight the effectiveness of their participation
If students can directly see the results of survey participation, they might be inclined to partake as well. This can be done by posting results on social media, or with any medium that you know will generate high visibility. Using the Hangry Campus Branded app, you are able to send students push notifications directly to their phone which can include survey results, and how their feedback led to significant changes or improvements.
2) Provide Incentive
Millennials and GEN Z students are all about convenience, and what benefits they can receive. By providing incentive for filling out surveys, you will generate more participation and results. A great way to do this is through the Hangry Loyalty and Rewards feature. Through this feature, you can place points on virtually any action within your app. Therefore, you can reward students' points every time they participate in a survey or review a product/service. These points can then be redeemed in your mobile rewards store for campus prizes and experiences. This double-edged sword allows you to increase student participation in surveys, and promote campus retail, events, etc. through your mobile rewards store.
3) Keep it Simple, and Part of the Student Experience
The best way to ensure a student will never fill out your survey is to make it long and filled with boring questions. If you want to ensure students will fill out a survey, you need to keep it brief and fly under the radar. How do we accomplish this? Well, your first step is to state your goals to the student. An example of this would be a survey titled, 'Want your experience to be better next time? So do we. Let us help'. Letting them know you have their best interest at heart will cover your introduction (colloquial language is encouraged as it will give off a more personably approach). From there, you want to keep the survey very short and not too detailed.
Finally, you want to ensure the survey is blended into the student experience. With Hangry's Campus Branded App, you are able to strategically place surveys right into the daily app usage of each student. The survey could come after a mobile ordering experience, or it could be advertised as a content to earn points or meal plan credit.
Want to know how Hangry analyzes the student dining experience? Click here.
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Rātā Moehau
Rare specimen forest tree. Reaches maximum of 30 metres. Smallish white flowers (the only white-flowered rata species) Oct-Nov. Distinctive whitish, spongy, flaking bark. Attractive dark green foliage with steeply curved crown. Endemic in the Far North. Prefers good sun, and well-drained soils. Hardy. Tolerates mild frost.
takana native trees takes the loss of our more rare native tree species seriously, and dedicates significant resources to increasing their presence and helping preserve New Zealand's natural heritage.


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A NATIVE AMERICAN MEDICINE MAN'S THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT
The Wonder Bracelet™ is a sterling silver and copper bracelet used by Native Americans since the 1700s as a therapeutic treatment to cure human illness and speed the healing of injuries.
The Wonder Bracelet™ has helped speed recovery from many kinds of human ailments such as:
- Back Problems
- Sore and Injured Legs
- Carpal Tunnel
- Irregular Heartbeat
- Sports Injuries
- And Many More
What is the Difference between the Wonder Bracelet™ and other copper bracelets?
Native Americans believe that copper was introduced to them by the Spirit World of Medicine through songs, fibers, herbs and ceremonies. It was used to treat many human illnesses before the advent of modern medicine. The makers of the Wonder Bracelet™ understand the theory and uses of copper and sterling silver. Only they know the right (and wrong) ways to combine these metals to conjure the greatest healing powers. It is common knowledge that copper helps arthritis but the American Indian Medicine Men know that, if used properly, it can do so much more.
All of our bracelets are hand made by skilled Native American artisans from the Dene Navajo tribe. Therefore, each bracelet is unique but every bracelet works the same.


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Operations Other Than War
Definition/Scope: OOTW is a concept that refers to the use of military capabilities acroos a range of operations that is short of declared war. Such operations normally have very strict rules of engagement and will include purposes such as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, supporting the United Nations and protecting national interests.
Use:military operations other than war
Broader Terms:peace operation
Related Terms:operational tempo


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Neeraj Kumari, Chandra Mohan, Arvind Negi
The present study aims to explore the impact of pristine and surfactant-modified clays (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite) on the thermomechanical properties of a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer film. Initially, clay was modified by employing the ion exchange method. The modification of clay minerals was confirmed by the XRD pattern and thermogravimetric analysis. Pristine PVC polymer film and clay (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite)-based PVC polymer composite films were fabricated using solution casting. The ideal dispersion of surfactant-modified organo-clays was observed in the PVC polymer matrix due to the hydrophobic nature of modified clays. The resultant pure polymer film and clay polymer composite film were characterized using XRD and TGA, and their mechanical properties were determined using a tensile strength tester and Durometer. From the XRD pattern, the intercalation of the PVC polymer film was found in the interlayer of organo-clay while exfoliation or partial intercalation and exfoliation were observed for pristine clay mineral-based PVC polymer composite films. Thermal analysis indicated a lowering of the decomposition temperature of the composite film as clay promotes the thermal degradation temperature of PVC. Improvement in the tensile strength and hardness was found to be more frequent in the case of organo-clay-based PVC polymer films, which is only due to the hydrophobic nature of organ clays, resulting in greater compatibility with the polymer matrix.
2023, Polymers, № 8, с. 1922
Samy A. Madbouly
2023, Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, с. 100835
Yomaira Lisnedy Uscátegui Maldonado, Luis Eduardo Díaz Barrera, Manuel Fernando Valero Valdivieso, Ericsson Coy-Barrera
AbstractApplications of polyurethanes (PUs) depend on several physicochemical factors due to the presence of varied monomers involving several ratios. The present study aimed to synthesize various chitosan/heparin-inserted PUs to examine the addition effect on the mechanical and biological properties of the PU-based polymeric material. The PUs were synthesized from unmodified castor oil and isophorone diisocyanate, including chitosan and heparin as fillers. The FTIR, thermal, and mechanical characterization of materials with and without fillers exhibited properties that can be considered within the accepted values. In addition, considering the non-cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity, these synthesized polymers can be exploited as biomaterials. The results also showed that these PUs offer a competitive advantage over other materials since the observed good mechanical and biological properties were found to be within the optimal range for the biomaterial design to myocardial or vascular tissue engineering. Graphical abstract
2023, Journal of Materials Research, № 13, с. 3349-3361
Tiago A. R. Silva, Ana C. Marques, Rui G. dos Santos, Rana A. Shakoor, Maryna Taryba, Maria Fátima Montemor
Bio-based polyols were obtained from the thermochemical liquefaction of two biomass feedstocks, pinewood and Stipa tenacissima, with conversion rates varying between 71.9 and 79.3 wt.%, and comprehensively characterized. They exhibit phenolic and aliphatic moieties displaying hydroxyl (OH) functional groups, as confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The biopolyols obtained were successfully employed as a green raw material to produce bio-based polyurethane (BioPU) coatings on carbon steel substrates, using, as an isocyanate source, a commercial bio-based polyisocyanate—Desmodur® Eco N7300. The BioPU coatings were analyzed in terms of chemical structure, the extent of the reaction of the isocyanate species, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and adhesion strength. They show moderate thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C, and a mild hydrophobicity, displaying contact angles between 68° and 86°. The adhesion tests reveal similar pull-off strength values (ca. 2.2 MPa) for the BioPU either prepared with pinewood and Stipa-derived biopolyols (BPUI and BPUII). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out on the coated substrates for 60 days in 0.05 M NaCl solution. Good corrosion protection properties were achieved for the coatings, with particular emphasis on the coating prepared with the pinewood-derived polyol, which exhibited a low-frequency impedance modulus normalized for the coating thickness of 6.1 × 1010 Ω cm at the end of the 60 days test, three times higher than for coatings prepared with Stipa-derived biopolyols. The produced BioPU formulations show great potential for application as coatings, and for further modification with bio-based fillers and corrosion inhibitors.
2023, Polymers, № 11, с. 2561
El-Sayed Negim, Gulzhakhan Yeligbayeva, Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Galiya Irmukhametova, Lyazzat Bekbayeva, S. N. Kalugin, Saltanat Uskenbayeva
2023, Polymer Bulletin
Ivan Hevus, Dean C. Webster
2023, Progress in Organic Coatings, с. 107825
M. V. Zabalov, M. A. Levina, V. G. Krasheninnikov, R. P. Tiger
2023, Polymer Science, Series B
Karthi R, Sankar Govindarajan
Abstract Novel phenol blocked polymeric methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (pMDI) derivatives were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The deblocking temperatures of the blocked isocyanates were determined using CO2 evolution method, DSC, and TGA spectroscopy. A cure reaction was performed between the blocked isocyanates and poly(Terathane-2000) to establish the structure-property relationship. Unsubstituted phenol-based blocked isocyanates exhibited superior deblocking temperatures and gel times compared to those with electron-donating substituted phenols. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in blocking agents such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy acetophenone, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, and methyl 4-hydroxy benzoate resulted in unexpectedly high deblocking temperatures. Conversely, electron-withdrawing and steric effects led to low deblocking temperatures and gel times for blocked isocyanates BI-13 and BI-15. The solubility behavior of the blocked isocyanates was studied using various polyols (PEG-400, PEG-4000, and PEG-6000). Epoxy-polyurethane films were prepared using the blocked isocyanates, and their structures were confirmed using ATR spectroscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties of these films were investigated, including shoreA hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength.
Ta-Hsin Tsung, Yu-Chien Tsai, Hsin-Pei Lee, Yi-Hao Chen, Da-Wen Lu
Ocular drug delivery is a challenging field due to the unique anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as promising tools for efficient and controlled drug delivery in ocular diseases. This review provides an overview of biodegradable polymer-based drug-delivery systems for ocular diseases with emphasis on the potential for biodegradable polymers to overcome the limitations of conventional methods, allowing for sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted therapy. Natural and synthetic polymers are both discussed, highlighting their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Various formulation strategies, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microemulsions, among others, are investigated, detailing preparation methods, drug encapsulation, and clinical applications. The focus is on anterior and posterior segment drug delivery, covering glaucoma, corneal disorders, ocular inflammation, retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Safety considerations, such as biocompatibility evaluations, in vivo toxicity studies, and clinical safety, are addressed. Future perspectives encompass advancements, regulatory considerations, and clinical translation challenges. In conclusion, biodegradable polymers offer potential for efficient and targeted ocular drug delivery, improving therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. Further research is needed to optimize formulation strategies and address regulatory requirements for successful clinical implementation.
2023, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, № 16, с. 12976
Swathy Krishna Bhaskaran, Karteek Boga, Ravi Arukula, Sashivinay Kumar Gaddam
2023, Journal of Polymer Research, № 8


text: The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is widely used to identify and quantify the separate contributions of differences in measurable characteristics to group differences in an outcome of interest. The use of a linear probability model and the standard Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, however, can provide misleading estimates when the dependent variable is binary, especially when group differences are very large for an influential explanatory variable. A simulation method of performing a nonlinear decomposition that uses estimates from a logit, probit or other nonlinear model was first developed in a Journal of Labor Economics article (Fairlie 1999). This nonlinear decomposition technique has been used in nearly a thousand subsequent studies published in a wide range of fields and disciplines. In this paper, I address concerns over path dependence in using the nonlinear decomposition technique. I also present a straightforward method of incorporating sample weights in the technique.


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How to Create an Aerial Panorama from Google Earth
Peter Murphy (one of the leading lights in the panoramic world) sent us a email on Monday with the thought of creating panoramas from a Digital Earth. The concept is simple - grab a series of screen shots while rotating above the earth and then stitch the images as if they were normal photographs.
A day is a long time in Internet based tutorials and this is now an update of the original as a result of Gaby, a digital urban reader, writing a kmz tool to dramatically simplify the process of capturing screen shots. The whole process should take approximately 40 minutes.
The first step is to go to Gabys Kmz Panorama Capture Tool and type in the Lat/Long of the location you want to capture - in our case above the Millennium Dome in London.
To create panoramas it is important to rotate the camera around the nodal point of the lens in order to minimise any parallax error as the scene is captured. Previous to Gaby's tool the best way was to use the 'Flight Simulator Mode' by clicking 'Ctrl-G'. Combining this with a 'left mouse click and drag' action you can look around the scene and thus simulate a panoramic camera.
You can now simply load up the kmz file which is output from your Lat/Long co-ordinates and a series of placemarks are presented in the Google Earth, each representing camera locations. Select each placemark and wait for the streaming in Google Earth to reach 100%, now use File - 'Save Image' and call your image image1.jpg. Go through this for each placemark and you should end up with 28 images, each saved in sequence - ie image 1.jpg to image 29.jpg.
Once you have your numbered screengrabs you now need to stitch them, we used Stitcher from RealViz, you can download a trial version from the RealViz website. If you are a PTGui user we have created a Template to automatically stitch your images. Download the Template and follow these steps:
1) Open PTGui and click Select Source Images - Navigate to where you saved your screengrabs and select all of them.
2) A Camera Lens Dialoge will appear, simply click 'Cancel'. Your images will then load into PTGui.
3) Click File 'Apply Template' and select the location of the GoogleEarthTemplate.pts saved from above.
Your images will now automatically align, you can now complete the process by selecting the 'Advanced' button in the top right hand side of PTGui and then 'Create Panorama'. Save your panorama as a Tif, we normally output at 6000x3000 pixels. Advanced users of PTGui can add their own Control Points and stitch as normal, lens parameters should be 30mm Rectilinear.
To stitch the images you can also use the AutoStitch feature of RealViz to simply load in the images and automatically create a panorama. It should be noted that the curve of the earth will not stitch perfectly due to parallax error resulting from the Flight Simulator mode of Google Earth, the image left illustrates this (click for a larger version).
Fixing the parallax's error is simply a case of slightly cropping off the top of the resulting panorama to give us the image as below, this applies to both PTGui and Realviz Stitcher outputs:
As Google Earth doesn't include clouds we can now add them in as a new layer in photoshop. We used a panoramic image of clouds from TurboSquid, these used to be free but are now $5 each. If you don't have a cloud panorama then you can always create your own using Terragen, there is a great tutorial on how to do this here.
Adding the clouds gives you the final panorama over London (click for a larger view) :
Changing the projection of the resulting image allows a number of views such a hyperbolic image of London from Google Earth:
Finally to create a Quicktime Virtual Reality scene from the image - so you can look around the panorama - download Pano2QTVR.
The resulting QTVR can be viewed here (2.8Mb).
Of note in the final scene is how the Google copyright crops up in various places in the image. This is due to each screengrab containing the Google overlay and depending on the overlaps some are automatically blended out in RealViz and some remain... *update - using PTGui all copyright seems to be removed, this opens up the question on the legality of creating panoramas? *
Peter has used NASA's Worldwind to the same effect, see here for his panorama of the Southern Highlands (Quicktime format).
If you create any panoramas using Google Earth we would love to hear from you...
Panoramas submitted so far cover
London, New York, Moscow, Belgium, Paris and Sydney.


Mortage Disclosure Act Federal Reserve Adds Interim Rule
From 30th January 2011 the Federal Reserve will introduce a new interim rule to the Mortgage Disclosure Act of 2008. The rule will mean that all mortgage lenders must disclose all the potential costs of the mortgage over its lifetime, and will be effective on all applications received from that date.
Consumer testing arranged by the Federal Reserve has revealed that many borrowers do not understand the implications of an interest rate rise on their payments, or how the end of an introductory offer rate period will cause their payments to rise. Many consumers also fail to understand the difference between an interest only loan and a loan which repays both the principal and interest.
The new rule means that mortgage lenders will have to clarify their product terms more clearly and introduces several measures which will simplify and disclose more financial information which will allow consumers to better judge if the mortgage payments are affordable if rates rise. The rule does not apply to fixed rate mortgages.
The changes which mortgage lenders must introduce include a statement that consumers are not guaranteed to be able to refinance in the future. Interest rates and payments must be clearly summarized in tabular format and adjustable mortgages must show the maximum interest rate and payment within the first five years of the mortgage. A statement must be placed directly above the interest rate and payment summary table explaining different payment options.
The payment costs must be itemized into how much is for interest and how much is payment of the principal. The Federal Reserve "believes that highlighting the relationship between the interest rate and payment will enhance consumers' understanding of loan terms."
In addition the mortgage lender must give a worst case scenario of a possible payment over the lifetime of a loan. Lenders must also disclose any balloon payments which may be attached to the loan, and the consequences of only making minimum payments.
The interim rule adds to the current Mortgage Disclosure Act aims of improving "informed use of credit resulting from consumers' awareness of the cost of credit." The hope is that if consumers' understand how their payments can be subject to change and that there is no guarantee of payments decreasing in the event of remortgaging they will be less likely to opt for an unaffordable mortgage.
The Federal Reserve welcomes comments regarding this interim rule before it is written into the current legislation.


merged tables. If no other tools are available, you can use diff(1) to collect differences between the /before and /after files, and merge manually with a text editor.
 The following example assumes that the merged results are available in /after.
 7. Load the merged data into NIS+. The following example uses the group table.
 # nisaddent -m -f /after/group group
 8. Remove LDAP entries that should not exist after the merge.
 A. If there are LDAP entries that do not exist in the (now merged) NIS+ data, and that should not exist in LDAP after the upload, you must remove those LDAP entries.
 Your LDAP server might provide a convenient method for removing multiple entries, such as a way to delete all entries in a container. If this is not the case, you can use ldapsearch(1) to generate a list of entries for each container. For example, to generate a list of all entries in the ou=Rpc container, use ldapsearch(1) as follows.
 # ldapsearch -h server-address -D bind-DN -w password \
 -b ou=Rpc,search-base 'objectClass=*' dn | \
 grep -i ou=Rpc | grep -v -i \^ou=Rpc > /tmp/delete-dn
 See Performance and Indexing for an explanation of the meta-arguments (server-address, bind-DN, for example).
 B. You can now edit the result file (/tmp/delete-dn) to specify only those entries that should be removed. Alternatively, in order to remove all entries in the container, use the file as is, and rely on the NIS+ upload to restore the LDAP data. Either way, you should backup the LDAP data before performing the ldapdelete operation below.
 C. Use ldapdelete to remove LDAP entries, redirecting stdout (which usually is one blank line for each entry removed) to /dev/null.
 # ldapdelete -h server-address -D bind-DN -w password \
 /tmp/delete-dn /dev/null
 D. Repeat the above procedure for each container that has at least one entry which must be removed.


2. CARE's policy
2 CARE recognises that humanitarian space is guaranteed to aid workers under Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, and that states have the responsibility to provide the minimum conditions for humanitarians to carry out their work in areas of conflict. To facilitate access to humanitarian space, CARE places a great deal of emphasis on the guiding principles of the humanitarian imperative, independence and impartiality. That is, CARE's relief efforts should be driven by the level of humanitarian need, and CARE should promote and protect its independence and impartiality at all times.
CARE advocates applying a 'quiet diplomacy' approach in cases where humanitarian space is threatened. It can be beneficial to enlist governments as allies and understand how policy instruments might be used to preserve independence and humanitarian space. Based on 'best practice' learned from previous operations, CARE encourages building coalitions with like-minded humanitarian agencies operating in the same 'space'. This strengthens humanitarian operations, maintains humanitarian space and ensures that no agencies' work is undermined. Forming a united group increases the possibility of challenging negative trends that require high levels of advocacy.
CARE's humanitarian space policy promotes a proactive approach to raise concerns related to humanitarian space in UN-led humanitarian system reforms. Reforms of humanitarian coordination and pooled financing should be understood in the context of wider reforms to promote 'coherence' in the UN peace and security architecture. Reforms of UN coordination and civil-military relations (e.g. integrated missions) should support humanitarian principles, rather than subordinate humanitarian responses to political or institutional interests.


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A slice of 'Green Qutub' beckons nature lovers
By Rahul Chhabra, Dehradun, March 12 : When the foundation of Delhi's historic Qutub Minar was being laid in the late 12th century, a deodar seed germinated in the Tehri Garhwal mountains in what is now Uttarkhand.
For the next 700 years, the sapling grew into a colossal tree of almost the same height as Qutubuddin Aibak's 72.5 metre victory tower. A slice of this gigantic tree, also known as the 'Green Qutub', is on display at a museum here.
When felled around 1919-20, the 704-year rare deodar tree had a girth diameter of nearly 2.75 metre - almost the same as the top of Qutub Minar.
A preserved piece of the tree's girth, which has a mean radius of 140 cm, is a centre of attraction for visitors who flock to the timber museum at the Forest Research Institute (FRI), which comes under the union environment and forests ministry.
"The girth is indeed a sought-after exhibit. Nothing similar or of the same age and dimension is, perhaps, known to exist in the country," FRI Director P.P. Bhojvaid told IANS.
Though the reasons for the rare tree's end are not known, the records at the British-era institute reveal that it was felled and carried away on elephants and mules.
"The girth of the tree was brought by a European in four pieces, as carrying it in a single piece would have been cumbersome. What we see today in display are four pieces joined together to make a uniform single circular chunk of timber," said a museum official.
Caption: The slice of the girth of a deodar tree, which survived for over 700 years, at a museum in Dehradun.
Bhojvaid said the age of the tree was calculated by the European experts, who worked in FRI in the 1920s, by counting the rings in the girth. Each ring in the girth represents an year and there are over 700 of these in the deodar tree.
For the ease of visitors at the museum, a line has been drawn to show the mean radius of the girth - with 20-year sections marked right up to 704 years.
According to N.S.K. Harsh, head of the forest pathology division of FRR, "The tree must have had a grand canopy and offered a magnificent sight. It could have been 60-70 metres high - almost the size of Qutub Minar or a 15 storey building."
A tree's survival for 704 years would in itself have been interesting to study, he said, adding that there were no records in the institute on who brought the girth here or what happened to the tree after it was cut seven centuries ago.
Apart from the deodar tree's girth, the museum also showcases a girth of a 330-year-old teak tree, brought from Parambikulam in Kerala.
A 2000-year-old fossilized piece of wood brought from Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh by a Briton, A.E. Lawrie, is also at display at the museum. The high density piece of wood is oval-shaped and about a foot wide. It was found under the foundation of a house by Lawrie, about whom there are no records.
(Rahul Chhabra can be contacted at _EMAIL_) --IANS


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Alberta Contact Information
Alberta Energy Regulator
The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) ensures the safe, efficient, orderly, and environmentally responsible development of hydrocarbon resources over their entire life cycle. This includes allocating and conserving water resources, managing public lands, and protecting the environment while providing economic benefits for all Albertans.
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development
Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD) is the Government of Alberta department responsible for protecting and enhancing Alberta's natural environment, while ensuring responsible resource development.
AER Contact Information
Suite 1000, 250 –
5 Street SW
Calgary, AB T2P 0R4
ESRD Contact Information
To call toll free within Alberta dial _PHONE_


text:
Text can easily be converted from uppercase or lowercase to sTudLYcAPs by entering it into the form and using the Studly caps converter. The tool creates text written in Studly caps, a text case where the capitalization of letters varies randomly. This form of text notation requires additional effort to manually type, so the converter is very helpful. Studly Caps is also known as Toggle Case, or Sticky Caps.
Results will be displayed here.
Example for Studlycaps
The Studly caps Converter converts text to StUdLyCaPs.
THe sTUdLy cAPs coNVertEr CoNveRts Text TO stUdLycAps.


What does 'what's up?' mean? Why does this question confuse the British?
What does Babra mean?
An apparently simple question demonstrating Churchill's dictum about two countries divided by a shared language. An American colleague of mine used to greet me every morning with question 'what's up?' to which I would reply 'Nothing' or 'I'm fine.' After the third time it occurred that for her the question was an all purpose greeting whereas to British ears it meant 'what is the problem?' or 'is something wrong?'
So when Bug's Bunny - or Babara Streisand at the other end of the beauty continuum - ask 'What's up, Doc?' we British assume a sarcasm that may not be intended.


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Winter quarters at Brandy Station
During the Civil War, soldiers and officers spent a great deal of time at camps such as the one in this photograph, taken of officers of the 1st Brigade, Horse Artillery, at their winter quarters at Brandy Station, Virginia in February 1864. The eastern theater of the war had witnessed the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, which was technically a Confederate victory. However, the battle demonstrated that the Union cavalry had improved greatly since the beginning of the war. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle reported on battles and movements of troops at the front.
Women were involved in all areas of the Civil War. The role of the woman in this photograph is unknown, but it is probable that she worked to support the troops in some fashion. Thousands of women came to the camps as nurses, and some even worked on the battlefields. Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross, is the most famous example of a woman who worked for the Union army as a nurse on the battlefields. Even in the rustic environment of the camps, women still wore the full dresses that were the standard costume for women at the time.
The following articles from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle present reports from the Army:
"From General Meade's Army" (August 7, 1863)
"Meade's and Lee's Armies" (October 17, 1863)
"Recent Army Movements" (November 12, 1863)
Citation - Document 61
Courtesy Library of Congress, Reproduction no. LC-B8171-7582 DLC


Los Angeles Criminal Defense Firm
Chain of Custody
Chain of custody refers to the movement and location of evidence from the moment it was collected to the time it is presented at trial. A proper Chain of Custody must establish:
 - Which person / officer / investigator collected the evidence and what did that person do with it for example, did the investigator package the evidence so it prevents tampering and distinguishes it from other evidence seized at the same crime scene;
 - Date, time, and place the evidence was collected;
 - How the evidence was collected - what procedures and methods were used to collect it and what safeguards were used to protect the evidence;
 - How the evidence was tagged, labeled or marked;
 - Where the officer / investigator stored the evidence and properly logged it.
 - When and by whom the evidence is moved, transferred, or tested.
Testimony and documentation are used to authenticate evidence – to establish that the evidence is what it is claimed to be. Evidence that cannot be authenticated may not be reliable or trustworthy and will not be admitted at a criminal trial. Often, prosecutors must establish chain of custody because criminal prosecutions depend on evidence gathered by police officers at the crime scene. Criminal defense attorneys generally challenge the chain of custody presented by prosecutors. If a criminal defense attorney succeeds in showing a break in the chain of custody then the prosecutor may be precluded from presenting that evidence to the jury.


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Achieving a High Level of Smoothness in Concrete Pavements Without Sacrificing Long-Term Performance
FHWA Contact: Peter Kopac,
_PHONE_, _EMAIL_
PDF files can be viewed with the Acrobat® Reader®
The Concrete Pavement Technology Program (CPTP) is an integrated, national effort to improve the long-term performance and cost-effectiveness of concrete pavements. Managed by the Federal Highway Administration through partnerships with State highway agencies, industry, and academia, the CPTP's primary goals are to reduce congestion, reduce costs, improve performance, and foster innovation. The program is designed to produce user-friendly software, procedures, methods, guidelines, and other tools for use in materials selection, mix design, pavement design, construction, and rehabilitation of concrete pavements.
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Research, Development, and Technology
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, VA 22101-2296
This document is a technical summary of the report Achieving a High Level of Smoothness in Concrete Pavements without Sacrificing Long-Term Performance, FHWA-HRT-05-068 that will be published by the Federal Highway Administration in summer 2005.
For a portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement, it is important to achieve both a high level of smoothness during construction as well as a satisfactory long-term performance. It is not acceptable to construct a pavement with a high initial smoothness that will give poor long-term performance. Smoothness measurements for construction acceptance are usually performed shortly after paving is completed, using either a profilograph or a lightweight inertial profiler. However, it is unclear whether the smoothness of a pavement measured immediately after it is paved truly reflects the initial smoothness of the pavement because the smoothness can undergo changes over the short term (e.g., within 3 months) due to curling or warping effects. In other words, a pavement can have a very high smoothness immediately after construction, followed by a decrease in smoothness over a short time period because of changes in slab shape that occur with curling and warping. This research project was performed to:
- Assess whether high initial smoothness translates into better long-term performance.
- Identify design features and material properties in PCC pavements that can cause an initially smooth pavement to exhibit detrimental long-term performance.
- Provide guidance on adjustments that can be made to materials properties, design features, and construction procedures in order to avoid these detrimental effects.
- Investigate early age changes in smoothness of PCC pavements.
- Provide recommendations and guidelines regarding smoothness testing.
The roughness data collected from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) GPS-3 experimental jointed plain concrete (JPC) test sections were used to study the roughness progression of JPC sections. The changes in smoothness of the test sections were evaluated to determine what effect the mix design properties, material properties, and design features have on pavement performance. The change in smoothness that occurs over the short term on JPC pavements was investigated by collecting profile data on test sections established on new PCC pavements in five projects. The test sections were profiled 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 3 months after paving. The main findings from this study are described in the following sections.
Value of Building Smoother Pavements
The roughness progression plots for JPC pavements in the LTPP GPS-3 experiment showed a parallel pattern in roughness progression. The experiment showed that pavements that are built smoother retain their smoothness over a longer period than those that are built less smooth. Hence, pavements that are built smoother provide a longer service life and provide road users a better ride quality.
Effect of Design Features on Smoothness of JPC Pavements
Construction of nondoweled pavements in freezing regions is not recommended because in this type of climate, they have shown poor performance from a roughness point of view.
Some nondoweled pavements have shown a high increase in upward slab curvature over time. These pavements have a high amount of faulting. Many of these pavements are showing other distress. Factors associated with higher amounts of slab curling over time are high values of freezing index, coefficient of thermal expansion, and PCC elastic modulus. Higher values of the following factors were associated with lower curvature: mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, number of wet days per year, and slab thickness. To prevent upward slab curvature, it is recommended that dowels are used for all pavements constructed in freezing areas.
The provision of dowels in pavements has served its intended function by preventing faulting. If there is any reason to believe there is even the slightest possibility for faulting to occur, dowels are recommended.
Doweled pavements with a joint spacing of 4.8 meters (m) (16 feet (ft)) or less seem to perform better than those having a higher joint spacing. It is recommended that States utilizing a joint spacing of greater than 4.8 m (16 ft) investigate whether using a joint spacing of 4.8 m (16 ft) or less will give better performance.
Effect of PCC Material Properties on Smoothness of JPC Pavements
For both doweled and nondoweled pavements, using PCC with higher split tensile strength (which results in a higher flexural strength) appears to be beneficial for long-term performance from a roughness point of view.
In nondoweled pavements, generally pavements having high elastic modulus values (greater than 35,000 megapascals (MPa) (5 million pounds per square inch (psi)) or pavements having a high ratio (greater than 8000) between elastic modulus of concrete and split tensile strength appear to be showing high rates of increase of roughness. These trends were not seen for doweled pavements.
Evidence suggests that higher values of coarse to fine aggregate ratio in concrete results in pavements that maintain their smoothness over longer periods.
A survey of State departments of transportation (DOT) personnel and concrete industry personnel showed no evidence suggesting that contractors have been adjusting their mix designs to achieve higher smoothness. The general consensus was that no modifications have been required in the concrete mix design to achieve higher smoothness.
The construction procedures needed to construct a smooth PCC pavement are documented in publications prepared by Federal Highway Administration (Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness: Characteristics and Best Practices for Construction, Publication No. FHWA-IF-02-025) and the American Concrete Pavement Association (Constructing Smooth Concrete Pavements, Technical Bulletin TB-006.0-C). Adherence to these procedures is recommended for constructing smooth pavements.
Analysis of data from five projects indicated that the smoothest pavement was constructed in the project where the tie bars were attached to chairs fixed to the base. The dowel bars were also fixed to the base in this project. The International Roughness Index (IRI) of the test section established in this project was 0.80 meters per kilometer (m/km) (51 inches/mi). The IRI of the test sections established on the other four projects, where the tie bars were inserted by the paver, were 1.11, 1.44, 0.95, and 1.07 m/km (70, 91, 60, and 67 inches/mi). In three of the projects, the dowels were fixed to the base, but for the project that had an IRI of 1.07 m/km (67 inches/mi), dowels were inserted during the paving process. Although fixing the tie bars to the base prior to paving may be more costly, these results indicate that doing so may achieve a smoother pavement.
Measurement of Smoothness
- The surface of the pavement must be clean when performing profile measurements. Residue from the saw-cutting operation that is present adjacent to the transverse joints can appear as small humps on the measured profile, and these can affect the smoothness indices computed from the profile data.
- The data collected by lightweight profilers do not measure the shape of the joint accurately. Profilers from different manufacturers are using different methods to filter data. As a result, joints are being measured differently. Some profilers eliminate most of the effect of a joint by filtering, which flattens out the profile at the joint. Nonetheless, differences in smoothness indices between devices may still occur between equipment manufactured by different manufacturers.
- In many States, an initial sawcut is made on the pavement, a joint reservoir is formed, and then the joint is sealed. Profile measurements should not be obtained when the joint reservoir is formed and the joint has not yet been sealed. At that point, data can yield high roughness values because the joint reservoir appears in the profile data.
- On transverse tined surfaces, when three repeat runs were obtained with lightweight profilers, the difference between the maximum and minimum IRI of the three runs over an approximate distance of 161 m (528 ft) typically ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 m/km (1.9 to 3.8 inches/mi). However, in longitudinally tined surfaces, this value was much higher and ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 m/km (3.8 to 5.7 inches/mi). Because of the interaction between the laser sensor and the longitudinal tines, the IRI obtained on longitudinally tined surfaces is less repeatable than that obtained on transverse tined surfaces.
- If a profiler is used to measure smoothness of concrete pavements, this profiler should be certified on PCC sections. Differences in the way prof


the VG_View. Typically, postdraw() is used to render specialized cursors or provide visual feedback to the user in a manner specific to the tool.
selected() and deselected() are invoked whenever the tool is, respectively, selected or deselected by the user.
Low-level mouse and keyboard events can be handled directly by the tool using mousemotion() mousebuttondown(), mousebuttonup(), keydown() and keyup(). The coordinates passed to mouse-related callbacks are subject to the current position constraints, unless disabled by one of the VG_*_NOSNAP flags in the flags field.
The VG_View interface first appeared in Agar 1.3, and was first documented in Agar 1.3.3. ElectronTubeStore


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Quidor, John (kĭdôrˈ) [key], 1801–81, American painter, b. Tappan, N.Y., studied with J. W. Jarvis. Little appreciated in his own time, he was subsequently accorded a place among the best early American artists. He is represented in the Brooklyn Museum by three paintings, Dorothea, Money Diggers, and Wolfert's Will. He is probably best known for his scenes inspired by the writings of Washington Irving, e.g., Ichabod Crane Pursued by the Headless Horseman (Yale Univ.). Quidor often provided a mysterious romantic setting for scenes in which he mingled macabre elements with an earthy humor.
See study by J. Baur (1942).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on John Quidor from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: American and Canadian Art: Biographies


Sickness Absence and Precarious Employment: A Comparative Cross-National Study of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway
A Oke, P Braithwaite, D Antai
Background: Precarious employment is a major social determinant of health and health inequalities with effects beyond the health of workers.
Objective: To investigate the association between precarious employment and sickness absence in 4 Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
Methods: Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for each country on data from 4186 respondents aged 15–65 years in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden derived from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. Sickness absence was based on self-reports and defined as absence of seven or more day per year. Precarious employment was operationalized as a multidimensional construct of indicators. Analyses were also conducted separately for men and women.
Results: The prevalence of sickness absence was lowest in Sweden (18%), and highest in Finland (28%). 3 precarious employment indicators were positively associated with sickness absence; the pattern being largely similar in the total sample. In the sex-disaggregated sample, 5 precarious employment indicators increased the likelihood of sickness absence; the pattern was heterogeneous, with women generally having significantly higher odds of sickness absence than men. "Low household income" and "sickness presenteeism" were strong predictors of sickness absence among both sexes in most of the 4 studied countries. Sickness absence varied between the Nordic countries in the sex-disaggregated analyses.
Conclusion: Precarious employment indicators predicted sickness absence in the Nordic countries. Findings emphasize the need to prioritize informed and monitored collective bargaining for all workers, increase working time flexibility, and improving work conditions.
Sick leave; Employment; Sex; Workplace; Denmark; Finland; Sweden; Norway
doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2016.713
 pISSN: 2008-6520
 eISSN: 2008-6814


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The Nature Conservancy and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation announce the acquisition of 63.83 acres of important habitat along the Clinch River, dedicated as part of the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve.
Virginia's Natural Area Preserve System now contains 60 Natural Area Preserves, protecting 50,025 acres, providing important natural area access for Virginia's citizens, and securing habitat for 587 exemplary natural communities and rare plant and animal species. These new protected areas along the Clinch River also reduce sedimentation and provide natural pollution barriers, helping to keep streams and rivers healthy for mussels, fish and for the freshwater we all need.
The acquisition was supported by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Recovery Land Acquisition Grant, administered by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Virginia 2002 Park and Natural Areas Bond.
"This property is a priority for The Nature Conservancy and its partners for reducing the impact of sedimentation in the Clinch River, one of the primary threats for fish, freshwater mussels and other life in the river," said Steve Lindeman, Land Protection Program Manager with The Nature Conservancy. "The Clinch River is an important source of freshwater to the communities of southwestern Virginia and we thank the Lark Family for their long-term conservation vision."
Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve, named for an impressive rock formation, is known for its cliffs, limestone ledges, waterfalls and globally rare natural communities and species. The area has hiking trails and is popular for nature study and photography.
The Clinch River, part of which is a designated Virginia Scenic River, is home to the most diverse fish populations in the upper Tennessee River basin and the most diverse of all river basins in Virginia, including 45 species of fish and globally rare freshwater mussels. The acquisition of the two tracks of land along the river will prevent excess sedimentation and other pollution associated with irresponsible development.
"The protected area along the Clinch River is an important step toward Gov. Bob McDonnell's pledge to protect 400,000 acres during his term for Virginians to enjoy for generations to come," said David A. Johnson, Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
"This key addition to the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve provides important water-quality protection for the many globally rare freshwater fish and mussels in the Clinch, and moves the State Natural Area Preserve System over the 50,000-acre benchmark," said Tom Smith, DCR Natural Heritage Director.
The property is now owned by the Nature Conservancy and will be transferred to the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation at a future date as part of the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve.
The Nature Conservancy is a leading conservation organization working around the world to protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people. The Conservancy and its more than 1 million members have protected nearly 120 million acres worldwide. Visit The Nature Conservancy on the Web at _URL_.


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New Research From Psychological Science
Read about the latest research on visual perception published in Psychological Science.
Andrea Pavan and Giosuè Baggio
How is the meaning of a verb phrase describing motion constructed? Some theories say the construction relies on representations of motion in the sensory cortex, but others disagree. Participants were adapted to actual leftward or rightward motion or implied leftward or rightward motion. Immediately after adaptation, participants heard a verb phrase that did or did not suggest leftward or rightward movement and were asked to indicate which direction (left or right) was suggested by the verb phrase. Participants' responses were faster when the direction of the stimulus motion — whether real or implied — was the same as that indicated in the verb phrase. This suggests that visual and linguistic representation of motion can be disassociated.
Serge Caparos, Karina J. Linnell, Andrew J. Bremner, Jan W. de Fockert, and Jules Davidoff
In this study, the researchers examined the link between global and local perceptual bias (the tendency to prioritize processing of the local or the global elements in a figure) and global and local attention by showing Himba participants (who have a known local bias) and British participants (who do not have this bias) several small crosses or squares (local elements) forming a larger cross or square (global element). Participants had to identify the shape of the global or the local element as quickly as possible. The researchers found that the Himba participants performed better than did British participants in both conditions, indicating they had greater overall attentional control and challenging the view that there is a straightforward relationship between bias and attention.


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This is an exciting time of year for nature lovers as spring flowers make their grand appearance. At my workplace, we have been making efforts to enhance a wetland habitat with native plantings surrounded by fenced deer exclosure. Our goal is to try and reintroduce some of the players or species that once made up the winning team of a healthy wetland forest ecosystem. In time, the restoration will act to provide better access to nature for both people and wildlife.
The native plants chosen are adapted to the wetland soils and understory of the mature forest currently present. As they regenerate they will create an additional floor and shrub layer within the habitat. This provides important feeding and nesting areas for many bird and insect species and rewards us with a healthier functioning ecosystem.


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Rethinking language and gender research: Theory and practice
© 1996, Taylor and Francis. All rights reserved. Rethinking Language and Gender Research is the first book focusing on language and gender to explicitly challenge the dichotomy of female and male use of language. It represents a turning point in language and gender studies, addressing the political and social consequences of popular beliefs about women's language and men's language and proposing new ways of looking at language and gender. The essays take a fresh approach to the study of subjects such as language and sex and the use of language to produce and maintain power and prestige. Topics explored in this text include sex and the brain; the language of a rape hearing; teenage language; radio talk show exchanges; discourse strategies of African American women; political implications for language and gender studies; the relationship between sex and gender and the construction of identity through language. A useful introductory chapter sets the articles in context, explaining the relationships that exist between them, and full cross-referencing between articles and an extensive index allow for easy access to information. The interdisciplinary approach of the text, the wide-range of methodologies presented, and the comprehensive review of the current literature will make this book invaluable reading for all upper-level undergraduate students, postgraduate students and researchers in the fields of linguistics, sociolinguistics, gender and cultural studies.
Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice
Rethinking language and gender research: Theory and practice.
Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice, 1-303.
Retrieved from: _URL_


text:
Skip to Main Content
This paper considers a problem of distributed tracking with consensus on a time-varying graph with noisy communications links. A distributed tracking with consensus algorithm is proposed to handle a time-varying network topology in which every node generates own local tracking estimates and communicates over noisy links. The conditions on the connectivity graph are established so that distributed consensus can be achieved in the presence of noisy communication links when the graph topology is time-varying. The steady-state performance of the proposed distributed tracking with consensus algorithm is analyzed and compared with that of distributed local Kalman filtering with centralized fusion. Simulation results and performance analysis of the proposed algorithm are also given.


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Are you getting frustrated with your AirPods because they don't always connect to your devices? You're not alone! I know the feeling all too well. Whether it's streaming music or taking a call, having a device that just won't link up can be beyond annoying.
In this article, we'll explore why AirPods sometimes struggle to stay connected and what you can do to resolve the issue. We'll look at troubleshooting tips from experts as well as simple solutions I've learned over my years of using Apple products. By the end of this article, you will have enough knowledge to get your devices connected quickly and keep them linked for longer periods of time! So let's dive in and start fixing those troublesome AirPods!
So, Why are airpods not always connecting? AirPods may not always connect due to a variety of reasons, such as low battery, interference from other Bluetooth devices, or incorrect settings. To fix this issue, try resetting your AirPods and ensuring that they are in close proximity to the device you're trying to pair them with. Additionally, make sure that all software is up-to-date on both the AirPods and the device you're connecting them to.
Read also: why is my airpod case dying so fast?
Why are airpods not always connecting?
AirPods can sometimes be difficult to connect, but there are a few things you can do to make sure the connection is successful. First, make sure that your AirPods are charged and that Bluetooth is enabled on your device. Additionally, try resetting your AirPods by pressing and holding the setup button for at least 15 seconds until the light flashes amber then white. If this doesn't work, try restarting both your AirPods and your device or connecting them manually through Settings > Bluetooth on iOS devices or Control Panel > Devices & Printers on Windows devices.
Read also: why is my airpod case making a noise?
Bluetooth Interference and How it Affects AirPods Connection
AirPods are a revolutionary piece of technology, allowing users to instantly connect and listen to music, podcasts, or audio books from any Bluetooth-compatible device. However, AirPods are not without their drawbacks; one such issue is the susceptibility of AirPods connectivity to interference from other Bluetooth devices.
What Causes Interference?
- Too many devices in close proximity: When too many devices (such as phones) are in close proximity to each other, they can cause interference with the connection between the AirPods and your device.
- Wireless networks: Wireless networks can interfere with the connection if there is too much traffic on them at once.
- Other bluetooth connections: Other bluetooth connections nearby such as headsets or speakers can also interfere with your AirPod's connection.
How Can You Avoid Interference?
- Limit number of connected devices in range : Try to limit the number of connected Bluetooth devices that you have in range. This will help reduce potential interference issues when connecting your AirPods. Turn off Wi-Fi when not needed : Turning off Wi-Fi when it isn't needed can help reduce interference from wireless networks. li
- Charge them overnight or whenever possible
- Turn off features like 'Automatic Ear Detection' which may drain power faster
- Charge Your Devices: Sometimes it's easy to overlook the obvious – make sure both your AirPods and the charging case have enough battery life! Connect them to power for at least ten minutes before testing again.
- Check Bluetooth Settings: For proper functioning, ensure Bluetooth is enabled on your device and that it's close enough (within 10 meters) for wireless communication.
- Restart And Reconnect: If these checks didn't solve the issue, try restarting your device then reconnecting your pods again.
Battery Level and Its Effect on AirPods Connectivity
AirPods are the perfect companion for today's digital world. They offer effortless connection and superior sound quality, providing a seamless listening experience. However, there is one factor that can greatly affect how well they perform – battery level. As AirPods rechargeable batteries drain over time, their ability to connect wirelessly with your device will decrease as well. The lower your AirPods' battery levels get, the weaker their wireless signal becomes and the less reliable their connection will be.
Battery Level vs Connection Strength
As mentioned earlier, when you have low battery in your AirPods it affects the strength of its wireless signal and therefore its connection range with your device. This means that if you're trying to use them at a distance from where you placed them last or in an area with more interference than usual (e.g., near other Bluetooth devices), it's likely that they won't be able to hold onto the connection long enough to maintain a solid link between them and your phone or laptop – resulting in audio stuttering or even complete dropouts.
Tips For Maintaining Your AirPod Battery & Connectivity
To ensure optimal performance of your AirPods regardless of distance or interference levels always make sure to keep an eye on their battery level before using them for extended periods of time:
Troubleshooting Guide for Fixing Common Connectivity Problems with AirPods
Understanding The Connectivity Problem
The incredible convenience and compact design of AirPods make them a top choice for many. But like any tech, they can sometimes have issues – and often the most common problem people encounter is with connectivity. You might find that your AirPods just aren't connecting to your device, or maybe there's only sound in one ear. Perhaps you're finding that they disconnect repeatedly during use, or even refuse to charge properly. These problems can be highly frustrating but don't worry – help is at hand! In this guide we'll walk through some simple troubleshooting steps to get your AirPods behaving as they should.
First thing's first – let's cross off the basics from our troubleshooting checklist:
If you've tried these basic steps but are still experiencing issues, fear not; there are more advanced measures we can take which we will delve into next time round.
Read also: Why are airpods not as loud?


Possible bug/omission in Numeric library?
Karl-Filip Faxen _EMAIL_
Wed, 28 Nov 2001 16:48:55 +0100
In fact, we might want to be slightly more general. Why don't go for
a general base conversion, much like Malcolms idea but without converting
every digit to a Char. Say something like
 toBase :: (Integral a) => a -> a -> [a]
 toBase base n
 | n < 0 = error "Numeric.toBase: can't convert negative numbers"
 | otherwise = theDigits n []
 where theDigits n r = let (n',d) = quotRem n base
 r' = d : r
 in if n' == 0 then r' else theDigits n' r'
Then the showInt function becomes
 showInt :: (Integral a) => a -> (Int->Char) -> a -> ShowS
 showInt base intToDig n r = foldr (\ i r -> intToDig (fromIntegral i) : r)
 (toBase base n)
but we can also use toBase by itself. We could also have an analogous
fromBase, of course.


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Latin name: Saura
Other names: Anguis, Lacertus
When the lizard goes blind, it looks to the rising sun
When the lizard goes blind, it goes to an opening in a wall that faces east, looks to the rising sun, and receives light.
|Sources (chronological order)|
Isidore of Seville [7th century CE] (Etymologies, Book 12, 4:34, 37): The lizard (lacertus) is so called because it has arms. As it ages it goes blind; as a cure it goes to an opening in a wall that faces east and looks at the sun, and gets light.


From TinyMUX
Revision as of 23:22, 5 December 2005 by Tsal (talk | contribs)
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Syntax:_USER_ [=]
This command creates a thing with the specified name. Creating an object costs a certain amount of mush money, typically 10 pennies, but creators may specify a higher cost if they wish. The cost is refunded when the object is destroyed.
Some games choose to limit the number of objects that players can create by setting a quota for each player, or requiring players to have a special flag or power (often called Builder) in order to use _USER_.


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Artist Jim Dingilian, first introduced to Neatorama in early 2012 by John Farrier, continues to receive attention and art gallery showings for his unusual art. Dingilian fills bottles with smoke, thus coating their inside surfaces with soot. He then reaches inside and selectively erases certain areas of the soot, using brushes and small implements mounted on the ends of dowels.
Dingilian's work overall focuses on subtractive images created on found objects. The artist explains his thought process, which strikes me as being remarkably similar to film director David Lynch:
"The miniature scenes I depict are of locations on the edge of suburbia which seem mysterious or even slightly menacing despite their commonplace nature. The bottles add to the implied narratives of transgression. When found by the sides of roads or in the weeds near the edges of parking lots, empty liquor bottles are artifacts of consumption, delight, or dread. As art objects, they become hourglasses of sorts, their drained interiors now inhabited by dim memories."


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Strive for financial wellness this festive season
Debt counselling is the best way to ensure your financial wellbeing if you struggle to repay your monthly debt.
Image: Shutterstock
The festive season is here and many South Africans are immersed in debt and their financial prospects look bleak. Life does not always turn out the way we plan, and things can change within the blink of an eye.
Just like the Covid-19 pandemic changed the world overnight. Such events can also affect your financial wellbeing. Unemployment, retrenchment, unexpected illness, a death in the family and major life changes can change your life and financial situation.
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How can you enter the festive season without the stress and guilt brought about by debt? If you are having trouble paying your bills and settling outstanding debt at the end of the month, debt counselling may be the answer for you.
Debt counselling is the best way to ensure your financial wellbeing if you struggle to repay your monthly debt. Take care of your financial wellbeing this festive season.
What is financial wellness?
Financial wellbeing is the overall health of your finances. This is the interaction between your finances and your physical, spiritual, and social wellbeing. Research shows that when you are concerned about your finances, it affects your productivity, adds strain on your relationships and can lead to depression. It is your relationship with money and your finances and the influence it has on your everyday life.
When is one financially healthy?
 - When you can cover your monthly and day-to-day expenses without worrying about it.
 - When you can make additional purchases without struggling financially afterwards.
 - When you can settle emergency bills or accounts without worrying about it.
 - When you can choose where you want to live, whether you want children and whether you can buy what you want within limits.
 - When you can set future financial goals and follow a plan to achieve those goals. It may be to buy a house, to save for university fees or to save for your retirement.
Five tips to improve your financial health
 1. Spend less than you earn. It is going to be difficult to pursue future financial stability when you spend more money than you earn.
 2. Stick to a budget.
 3. Pay off your credit card, loans, and accounts.
 4. Set up a savings plan.
 5. Invest your money – do sufficient research and be 100% sure before investing any money.
Martin Snyman is a registered debt counsellor.
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Debt counselling ONLY deals with debt!! What you need to do is review all those inflationary increases on your "policies!" Many people have policies that go up by 10% (15% older policies.) They get a 2 % raise if any at all.So if you die, get a dreaded disease. or become disabled you are covered. If you don't get this stuff (death inevitable) YOU ARE BROKE! Now we have hospital cover, animal insurance etc… How about divorce insurance?????????? No one has thought of that yet????? Why does your life cover payment go up every year and the cover DOES NOT??????? Why does your car insurance go up every year and your car gets older? Why does your house contents insurance go up and your "stuff" gets older?????????????? Educate yourself!! Dr. Debt
Basically, no one will write off your debt.
Taking on debt to finance consumer goods takes the borrower down the following path.
One man's debt is another man's asset. If you haven't got your own plan, you are part of someone else's plan. This financial mechanism called debt is a conduit that syphons off the value of your labour, into the pocket of someone with a plan. Debt is a mechanism that takes the future value of your labour to build another person's assets now.
Debt is the modern form of feudalism. The debtor is a wiling serf to the lender Barron. This financial mechanism allows people who do not understand compound growth to enslave themselves to people who do.
Compound interest. "Those who understand them earn them, and those who do not understand, pay them." — Albert Einstein.
Then, on the flip side, we find productive debt, also known as financial gearing or leverage. Borrowing to fund education, a house, or a cheap secondhand car to take you to work, can be seen as good debt. If the value of the debt rises faster than the value of the assets, the equity goes down to the point of bankruptcy.
The South African government borrows to finance consumption, not productive assets. The ANC forces the entire nation to work for European and American pension funds. The average citizen voted himself into serfdom. A government bond is a new form of colonialism.
No army or oppressor forces it upon them. They use the financial system to invite the new colonialist to exploit the assets of the nation. The average voter pawns the future of his children to support the pension of a European retiree. The entire South African GDP has already been transferred to local and foreign pension funds. Our economy belongs to the new colonialists – the lender Barrons, and the average voter fights in the streets to support this process.
It is clear which group has a plan, and which group is clueless.
Very well articulated. Your ability to stretch one's perspective is something i do not take for granted. Thank you for your comment. Keep well!
Much appreciated King Khan. Best wishes for the Festive Season.
End of comments.
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