Field Trips
"The Board of Trustees recognizes that school-sponsored trips are an important component of a student's development and supplement and enrich the classroom learning experience. School-sponsored trips may be conducted in connection with the district's course of study or school-related social, educational, cultural, athletic, school band activities, or other extracurricular or cocurricular activities."
 From BP 6153
However, staff planning or participating in any school-sponsored trips MUST ensure that all legal, policy and liability requirements are met. To that end, the following information is provided:
 1. BP 6153
 2. AR 6153
 3. Flow Chart
 4. Forms and Guidelines - information packet
 5. Parent/Student Forms
 6. Staff Forms
 7. Non District Sponsored Trips - information
 8. Non District Sponsored Trips - Notification Template for Sponsors


What Does Stone Hearted Mean?
What stone people means?
Stoning, or lapidation, is a method of capital punishment where a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies from blunt trauma.
It has been attested as a form of punishment for grave misdeeds since ancient times.
Its adoption in some legal systems has caused controversy in recent decades..
What is a stone heart?
Stone heart or ischemic myocardial contracture is a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass characterized by contracture of the myocardium and inability to obtain cardiac output on manual massage. Stone heart has occurred only during aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass procedures.
Is Heart of Stone a metaphor?
Heart of stone To have a heart of stone means the person does not show any sympathy, conscience or pity. … The heart of stone metaphor used in this song equates to despair and sadness as the person is constantly being ignored by his loved one. You may also see metaphors and similes.
What does it mean to be made of stone?
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishbe made of stonebe made of stone (also have a heart of stone) to not show any emotions or pity for someone → stoneExamples from the Corpusbe made of stone• Before the steel skeleton, tall buildings were made of stone.
Can a cold hearted person love?
How can you tell if someone is cold hearted?
Cold-hearted, as in "cold fish" or (even worse) an "iceberg" or "ice queen" Lacking in empathy and compassion. Untrusting, wary, guarded; Angry, hostile; critical.
What does stone mean in the Bible?
Do you have a heart of stone?
have a heart of ˈstone be a person who does not show others sympathy or pity: Don't ask her to give any money to the fund — she's got a heart of stone.
What is stone slang for?
The term comes from African American slang, in which "stone" means "very." It has come to have other meanings as well.
What does stone femme mean?
Stone Butch / Femme– A person who may or may not desire sexual penetration and/or contact with the genitals or breasts.
What is the meaning of a heart of gold?
What is a cold hearted person?
Someone who's coldhearted is detached and unfeeling. It would be coldhearted to stand there, not caring, when you see a little kid fall and hurt herself. Most people are sympathetic and warm, but those who don't have much feeling for others are coldhearted.
How do you tell if someone is distancing themselves from you?
What is a metaphor for heart?
have a soft spot in one's heart for (someone or something) heart is in the right place. to have a heart of stone. pour one's heart out to someone.
Is Home is where the heart is a metaphor?
Home, both a place and an idea, is complex and multifaceted. It resonates as a spatial metaphor in everyday conversations—"home is where the heart is" or "there's no place like home"—and is the subject of scholarly debate across many disciplines.
Is my heart stopped a metaphor?
Yes, it is a metaphor. The general literary division is between "literal" and "non-literal" (which can also be called "metaphorical").
What does it mean my heart goes out to you?
Definition of heart goes out to : feel sorrow or sympathy for My heart goes out to the families of the victims.


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Rain to Recreation
Maintaining Common Areas in Lincoln, Nebraska
When you purchased your home, or the lot on which you planned to build it, one thing that influenced your decision may have been the open land, or greenspace, nearby. With this amenity comes responsibility.
The City has developed a Neighborhood Greenspace Handbook which is designed to aid homeowners associations in the care and maintenance of their greenspace. Although the handbook is aimed toward neighborhood groups, other property owners with greenspace responsibilities may also find this publication useful, as many of the same principles of planning, planting and care are also applicable to these areas.
For additional information call Public Works & Utilities Watershed Management at _PHONE_.
The Neighborhood Greenspace Handbook for Homeowners Associations provides:
- Tools and resources for the formation of a maintenance plan for your greenspace area
- An explanation of the role of greenspaces in stormwater drainage systems
- Step-by-step guided planning process with action worksheets
- A review of different greenspace designs common to Lincoln
- A recommended planting list
- General information on stormwater handling structures (ponds, streams, etc.)
- Information about mosquito and sedimentation control
"How Does My Neighborhood Greenspace Benefit Me?"
Properly maintained greenspaces can:
- Reduce chances of flooding by providing a destination for excess stormwater
- Provide year-round recreational opportunities for the entire family
- Provide a natural method for mosquito control
- Reduce long term cost and maintenance
- Provide habitat for many wildlife species
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the purpose of the open space near my house?
- While the purpose may vary, often these spaces serve to convey stormwater along a natural drainage way.
- Who is responsible for paying for maintenance of the area?
- During development, it is the developerís responsibility. A homeowners association may assume responsibility after completion.
- Just what are our maintenance responsibilities?
- Typically, the removal of trash and dead vegetation, control of noxious weeds and maintenance of drainage ways are among the responsibilities. These may vary depending on the area.
- Won't ponds and wetlands increase mosquito problems?
- The biological systems that function in a healthy pond or wetland typically include predators that effectively control mosquito populations.
Along with the handbook, the City of Lincoln is developing a short presentation which can be presented at your homeowners or neighborhood association meetings to aid in educating the public about their responsibilities for these greenspaces. If you are interested in having a greenspace presentation at your homeowners or neighborhood association meeting, please contact Ben Higgins, City of Lincoln, Watershed Management at _PHONE_.
- Sponsored by:
- Lincoln Parks and Recreation
- Lincoln Public Works & Utilities
- Lower Platte South Natural Resources District

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Labor Income Dynamics at Business-Cycle Frequencies: Implications for Portfolio Choice
A large recent literature has focused on multiperiod portfolio choice with labor income, and while the models are elaborate along several dimensions, they all assume that the joint distribution of shocks to labor income and asset returns is i.i.d.. Calibrating this joint distribution to U.S. data, these papers obtain three results not found empirically for U.S. households: young agents choose a higher stock allocation than old agents; young agents choose a higher stock allocation when poor than when rich; and, young agents always hold some stock. This paper asks whether allowing the conditional joint distribution to depend on the business cycle can allow the model to generate equity holdings that better match those of U.S. households, while keeping the unconditional distribution the same as in the data. Calibrating the business-cycle variation in the first two moments of labor income growth to U.S. data leads to large reductions in stock holdings by young agents with low wealth-income ratios. The reductions are so large that young, poor agents now hold less stock than both young, rich agents and old agents, and also hold no stock a large fraction of the time. Our results suggest that the predictability of labor-income growth at a business-cycle frequency plays an important role in a young agent's decision-making about her portfolio's stock holding.


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Project Title: A brief early intervention for adolescent depression that targets emotional memories: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
This project aims to develop a brief easy-to-access psychological intervention for adolescents with depression that can be delivered in schools. This intervention will combine key components of current evidence-based practice in adults to (1) reduce the emotional power of memories from past distressing experiences and (2) improve mood, build hope and enhance engagement in important activities, through increasing the ability to recall positive memories and imagine future positive events. The primary outcome will be feasibility data (e.g. time taken to recruit participants and participant feedback on intervention acceptability) and initial data on changes in symptoms of depression.


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The first study using data from real games shows that teams are more likely to lose when losing means elimination — suggesting that high-pressure environments lead to poorer performance.
— By Conn Hastings
If a sports team plays a critical game in which losing means elimination from a league, do they work harder to win — or does the high pressure mean they are more likely to make mistakes and lose? A new study in Frontiers in Psychology suggests the latter, finding that basketball teams playing for survival in critical NBA playoff games are more likely to lose. This suggests that the threat of elimination caused the teams to 'choke.' The study is the first to illustrate this effect in a real-world team sports environment — and may be applicable to a variety of high-pressure performance situations, such as those found in the workplace.
With the NBA 2018 finals drawing to a close, many teams will have experienced intense pressure to avoid elimination by winning critical games during the playoffs. Researchers are working to understand how athletes and others handle pressure, and how this affects their performance. Previous studies led some researchers to predict that high-pressure situations can help to focus minds and increase motivation, leading to increased success.
"Theories predict that individuals exert the most effort, and therefore produce their best performances, when the possible returns for their success — or the consequences of their failure — are highest," says Dr. Yair Galily, of the Interdisciplinary Center, Hertzlya, Israel.
However, other studies found evidence that high-pressure situations can lead to reduced performance and less success, when someone becomes overly focused on how to complete a task, rather than just doing it.
Many of these previous studies looked at performance under pressure in controlled conditions, such as asking soccer players to take penalty kicks while observed by researchers. Until now, no-one had explored the effect of high-pressure situations on performance in a real-world team situation.
To investigate this, Galily and a colleague examined stats from NBA playoff games, to see how athletes with a lot at stake coped with varying degrees of pressure in real games. The researchers predicted that teams would perform better when their backs are against the wall — meaning they would be more likely to win critical playoff games where losing meant thier elimination.
"We analyzed 1,930 playoff games to test this prediction," says Galily. "We calculated the probability that a team would win, if losing meant that they faced elimination from the playoffs."
The researchers included the relative strength of the teams in their calculations to make sure that their results took this into account. Strikingly, they found that the threat of elimination actually made teams more likely to lose, suggesting that they choked in 'sink or swim' games.
The effect was significant. For example, the researchers found that if a home team had a 65% general win probability during the playoffs, this was reduced to 55% in games that were critical for the home team, but not the guest team. However, if the game was critical for the guest team, and not the home team, the home team's win probability increased to almost 74%.
This is the first time that anyone has studied this effect in teams in a real-world environment, so more studies are necessary to further understand the phenomenon. However, the results are not just applicable to team sports, but could have wide-reaching implications.
"The results from our analysis are relevant to the workforce and many other domains," says Galily. "We suggest that leaders and managers should refrain from deliberately building high-pressure environments to try to enhance performance in their subordinates. They should adopt the 'just do it and enjoy' path."
REPUBLISHING GUIDELINES: Open access and sharing research is part of Frontiers' mission. Unless otherwise noted, you can republish articles posted in the Frontiers news blog — as long as you include a link back to the original research. Selling the articles is not allowed.


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Une inévitable solitude: Varlam Chalamov et la tradition idéologique
AN INEVITABLE LONELINESS: VARLAM SHALAMOV AND THE IDEOLOGICAL TRADITION / This paper explains the reasons for the painful return of Shalamov to the Muscovite world, and analyses the various conflicts he had to face, regarding both his new and his former, detention, comrades. In this way, we can understand the impact that his first arrest in 1929 had on the construction of his existential model as well as on his aesthetic choices. Among these choices, can be considered his loyalty regarding politics and poetic engagement for the generation of 1920s, as he had interpreted it. On this basis, this paper investigates a number of ways of interpreting literary history made possible by some recent finds concerning the Shalamov's biography, and analyses the rupture between Shalamov and Solzhenitsyn.
Key words: painful return; politics and poetic engagement; generation of 1920s; Shalamov's archives


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Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
RMRS Online Publication - Journal
Articles, External Publications, and Special Reports
Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico
Christian, T. J.; Yokelson, R. J.; Cardenas, B.; Molina, L. T.; Engling, G.; Hsu, S.-C. 2010. Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 10: 565-584.
In central Mexico during the spring of 2007 we measured the initial emissions of 12 gases and the aerosol speciation for elemental and organic carbon (EC, OC), anhydrosugars, Cl-, NO-3, and 20 metals from 10 cooking fires, four garbage fires, three brick making kilns, three charcoal making kilns, and two crop residue fires. Global biofuel use has been estimated at over 2600 Tg/y. With several simple case studies we show that cooking fires can be a major, or the major, source of several gases and fine particles in developing countries. Insulated cook stoves with chimneys were earlier shown to reduce indoor air pollution and the fuel use per cooking task. We confirm that they also reduce the emissions of VOC pollutants per mass of fuel burned by about half. We did not detect HCN emissions from cooking fires in Mexico or Africa. Thus, if regional source attribution is based on HCN emissions typical for other types of biomass burning (BB), then biofuel use and total BB will be underestimated in much of the developing world. This is also significant because cooking fires are not detected from space.
Keywords: trace gas, particle emissions, biofuel, Mexico
About PDFs: For best results, do not open the PDF in your Web browser. Right-click on the PDF link to download the PDF file directly to your computer. Click here for more PDF help.
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Title: RMRS Other
Publications: Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and
industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico
Electronic Publish Date: March 23, 2010
Last Update: March 23, 2010
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Possible Duplicate:
What is the meaning of double curly braces initializing a C-struct?
for this following structure,
typedef struct matrix
 float data[16];
} matrix;
Is there any difference between,
matrix test1 = {0};
matrix test1 = { { 0 } };
when it comes to initializing the data member of the structure. Both initializes data to zero.
Some insight when it comes to C or C++, would be great.
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Björn Pollex, Ólafur Waage, cnicutar, Alok Save, Ferdinand Beyer Jun 28 '11 at 8:30
There is no partial initialization in C. An object either isn't initialized at all, or it is fully initialized. {0} explicitly initializes the first member to 0 and implicitly initializes (to 0) all other members. – pmg Jun 28 '11 at 9:02
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
With matrix test1 = { 0 } you will initialize test1 with all zero's and with matrix test1 = { { 0 } } You will initialize test1.data. with all zero's in this case it does the same actually since you don't have any other data definitions in your struct :)
share|improve this answer
That means, if I had another member in the struct then, using { { 0 } } wouldn't initialize the second variable as zero? But, that doesn't happen, however I use single or double, all are being initialized with zero! – iamcreasy Jun 28 '11 at 8:36


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Wet Bulb Calculator
With many countries reported their highest ever temperatures, such asreaching 49.6 C, it's important that you understand the different factors affecting heat and the body's ability to regulate it. What many people might fail to take into account is the combined result of the heat and humidity - the wet bulb effect. This tool will teach you about the wet bulb, and lets you estimate it's scale.
The wet bulb calculator operates on a simple principle. You can use it to work out the wet bulb temperature from just two numbers: temperature and relative humidity. Keep reading if you want to discover some wet-bulb applications, what the military benefits of the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature are, and what it has to do with our health - especially within the context of our scorching summers! If you want to find out more about our atmosphere, check out our heat index calculator and our air density calculator.
What is the wet-bulb temperature?
Despite what you might think at first, wet-bulb temperature has nothing to do with light bulbs. It is instead the temperature read by a special thermometer that is wrapped in water-soaked fabric and ventilated. This thermometer is part of a device called a psychrometer. It includes a dry-bulb thermometer, a wet-bulb thermometer and a psychrometric chart - a graph that plots the relationships between the dry and wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and dew point at constant pressure.
By definition, wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature a portion of air can acquire by evaporative cooling only. When air is at its maximum (100 %) humidity, the wet-bulb temperature is equal to the normal air temperature (dry-bulb temperature). As the humidity decreases, the wet-bulb temperature becomes lower than the normal air temperature.
Data about the wet-bulb temperature is essential when it comes to preventing our body from overheating. Our bodies sweat to cool off, but, because water evaporates slower in more humid conditions, we cool down a lot slower in humid conditions. This causes our internal body temperature to rise. If the wet-bulb temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F) for an extended period of time then people in the surrounding area are at risk of hyperthermia.
How to calculate the wet-bulb temperature?
Although many equations have been created over the years our calculator uses the Stull formula, which is accurate for relative humidities between 5% and 99% and temperatures between -20°C and 50°C. It loses its accuracy in situations where both moisture and heat are low in value, but even then the error range is only between -1°C to +0.65°C.
The wet-bulb calculator is based on the following formula:
It might look intimidating, but don't worry - we do all the calculations for you. Just input two numbers:
Temperature - air temperature or dry-bulb temperature is the temperature given by a thermometer not exposed to direct sunlight.
% Relative humidity - a ratio of how much water vapor is in the air to how much it could contain at a given temperature.
Remember that both temperature and wet bulb temperature in this formula are expressed in °C! If you would like to use other units, you need to convert them to the Celcius scale before you start calculations.
If you would like to know more about the relative humidity formula, check out our dew point calculator. You can also use our RH calculator to calculate the relative humidity if you know the dew point temperature. Alternatively, you can also find it from the mixing ratio of air. Feel free to check it out!
Wet-bulb calculator applications
The wet-bulb temperature might not be a widely known measure, but it has some valuable functions:
Construction - different materials react differently to different humidities, so this temperature is needed when designing a building in different climates.
Snowmaking - snow production needs low temperatures and when the humidity decreases the temperature rises.
Meteorology - forecasters use wet-bulb temperature to predict rain, snow, or freezing rain.
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature is a kind of an apparent temperature - the temperature perceived by humans - used to estimate the effect of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sunlight on humans. Athletes, industrial hygienists and the military use it to prevent heat stroke by following guidelines for physical activity and water intake.
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature is determined by the following equation:
where - the globe thermometer temperature - is measured by a thermometer situated in a black globe. It allows for the estimation of direct solar radiation.
Measured indoors, without direct solar radiation/sunlight, the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature uses a shortened formula:
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature gives us vital information if we want to be safe on warmer days.


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A preliminary statement at the beginning of a book, usually written by the author, which states its origin, scope, purpose, plan, and intended audience, and which sometimes includes afterthoughts and acknowledgments of assistance. When written by a person other than the author, it is called a foreword. The preface or foreword is distinct from the introduction which deals with the subject of the work. When a new edition is published, the preface or foreword may be rewritten to alert the reader to changes and additions. In the front matter, the preface or foreword usually follows the dedication and precedes the introduction.
See also the Wikipedia article on:


Rivers of Melody
How Rivers Made America and Americans Made Music
Perhaps no other feature of the American landscape figures so prominently in popular song as its rivers. Collectively, American river songs not only serve as a compendium of American history and folklore, but as a continuously developing account of American popular music. From the earliest days of the republic, through the 19th century and into the 20th, various occupational groups inspired a wide variety of songs dealing with the pleasures, as well as the dangers and labor-related aspects of life on the river.
America has more than 250,000 rivers – over 3 million miles – dissecting the fields, cities, and forests of the nation. These aren't just any rivers; these are world-class rivers. The Mississippi watershed alone drains the rain and snow that falls on over a million square miles, generating 390 billion gallons of water per day.
Rivers have shaped the basic facts of America. Many state borders were set by rivers. The Rio Grande separates the United States from Mexico. Sixteen states were named after rivers, along with over 150 counties. Rivers have also shaped where we live.
When colonists arrived on the Eastern shores of America, they established their farms and settlements in the coastal plain, where the land was flat and the rivers, streams, and sloughs were easily plied. As time went on, and more settlers arrived, people moved farther inland. There, they were confronted by the Fall Line, where the Atlantic coastal plain runs up against the Piedmont.
Upstream of the Fall Line, rivers run through narrow, steep-walled valleys interspersed with rapids. Downstream on the coastal plain, the rivers are easily traveled. For anyone to move a bale of cotton or a bushel of wheat from the interior by boat, the Fall Line would mark the end of the line. There, canoes moving downstream would have to be unloaded, portaged around the obstacle, and reloaded. To move goods upstream from the Atlantic, cargo would have to be shifted from larger coastal or ocean-going vessels to land transportation, canoes, or rafts to transport beyond the Fall Line.
The Old Fall Line
Music by Harry VonTilzer
Words by William Jerome & Andrew B. Sterling
Published 1913
The Fall River in the title of this song refers to the town of Fall River, Massachusetts, which was originally settled in 1653 as Freetown. In 1803, Fall River separated from Freetown and was officially incorporated
"The Fall River Line was a combination steamboat and railroad connection between New York City and Boston that operated between 1847 and 1937. It consisted of a railroad journey between Boston and Fall River, Massachusetts, where passengers would then board steamboats for the journey through Narragansett Bay and Long Island Sound to the line's own Hudson River dock in Manhattan. For many years, it was the preferred route to take for travel between the two major cities. The line was extremely popular, and its steamboats were some of the most advanced and luxurious of their day".(Wikipedia) Listen to the midi version of the song, or view and play the score using the Scorch player. Read the lyrics
At the Fall Line ports of the 18th century, villages and towns began forming and growing. These otherwise random places at the intersection of rivers and the Fall Line became natural places for people to settle and for towns to grow – Richmond on the James, Washington on the Potomac, Trenton on the Delaware, and nearly all of the other major cities of the eastern U.S.
But, cities of the Midwest, the Deep South, and the Far West are much the same. Many cities lie at the junction of important rivers – Pittsburgh, where the Monongahela and Allegheny join to form the Ohio; Kansas City at the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers; and Sacramento at the Sacramento and American rivers. Cities of the Deep
South are typically situated to avoid water, or at least floods. Memphis, Vicksburg, and Natchez all sit upon a bluff overlooking the Mississippi. They're at a safe elevation, yet close enough to the river to be bustling ports for 19th century steamboats and 21st century barge tows.
Where rivers are constricted to narrow valleys and canyons, or where they cascade over waterfalls, their physical power has been harnessed through evolving technology. Settlers of the 18th and 19th centuries built their villages around small dams which powered waterwheels. 20th century engineers built massive concrete dams and turbines to generate power that would be sent through an ever-growing electric grid to distant cities.
Rivers have also shaped the very ideas of what America should be. Which level of government should regulate commerce? River-borne commerce on interstate rivers drove the new republic to have a single, national economy rather than a collection of independent state economies. How big should the nation be? The Louisiana Purchase changed the geography of America. Acquiring the entire Missouri River basin added a vast western empire and it became "manifest destiny" to explore and settle it.
As author Martin Doyle explains in his book The Source, "just as European powers had competed to cross the barrier of the Atlantic quickest and most efficiently to establish the hub of commerce, a geographic competition between those based along the Potomac, the Hudson, and the Mississippi was under way for access to the Ohio River."(1) Thomas Jefferson realized that the links (rivers) to the western country was key to commercial expansion of the new republic. He said that "there would be a rivalship between the Hudson [in the North] and the Potomac [in the South] for the residue of the commerce of all the country westward of Lake Erie."(2)
But, in 1784 the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, with each state functioning independently. The Potomac forms part of the border between Maryland and Virginia. Getting Congress to come to an agreement between those states for work on an interstate river would be like establishing a treaty between the United States and Mexico over the Rio Grande.
In 1785, delegates from those states met at George Washington's home at Mount Vernon. There, they worked out an arrangement, the Mount Vernon Compact, for commerce on the river. James Madison of Virginia suggested another meeting on interstate commerce and inviting representatives from all the states. In September 1786, that conference was held in Annapolis, MD. It was soon realized that the Articles of Confederation imposed numerous obstacles to any agreement, not the least of which was that everything had to be agreed upon unanimously. Given the rivalry between North and South, even at this early date, unanimity was almost impossible.
Madison and the other delegates decided on still another meeting, in Philadelphia in 1787. While interstate commerce was its initial purpose, this final meeting ultimately
resulted in our present Constitution. So, rivers can be said to have been so important that the very founding of the United States was the result.
On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away
Words and Music by Paul Dresser
Published 1897
"The Wabash River is a 503-mile-long river in the Midwestern United States that flows southwest from near the Indiana border in northwest Ohio, across northern and central Indiana to southern Illinois, where it forms the Illinois-Indiana border before draining into the Ohio River, of which it is the largest northern tributary. From the dam near Huntington, Indiana, to its terminus at the Ohio River, the Wabash flows freely for 411 miles (661 km). Its watershed drains most of Indiana.
The Wabash is the state river of Indiana, and subject of the state song "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" by Paul Dresser. Two counties (in Indiana and Illinois), eight townships in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio; one Illinois precinct, one city, one town, two colleges, one high school, one canal, one former class I railroad, several bridges and avenues are all named for the river itself while four US Navy warships are either named for the river or the numerous battles that took place on or near it." (Wikipedia) Listen to this song's midi version, or see the score and follow it using the Scorch player, and read the lyrics.
Beautiful Ohio
Words and Music by Mary Earl
Published 1918
The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is considerably bigger than the Mississippi and is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system.
The 981-mile (1,579 km) river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes many of the states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for (more than) three million people.
The name "Ohio" comes from the Seneca Indian, Ohi:yo',"Good River". The river had great significance in the history of the Native Americans, as numerous civilizations formed along its valley.


text:
The Transition Academy offers a variety of tailor made workshops, trainings and learning trajectories for organisations and (local) governments, based on our extensive experience in post-academic education. A tailor made course can enable a group of employees to embark on a collective learning journey, develop their personal competencies and boost your organisations capacity to actively engage and respond to societal transitions.
We have worked with many (local) governments in the Netherlands, Norway and Germany, with institutes such as the IRTA research institute in Barcelona, and several organisations in health care, education, water management, construction and culture to create tailor made courses.
"The training helped us to take a step back from our daily routine and project-based way of working. Instead, we focused on our long-term ambitions and position in the field of education and on the paths we need to follow to succeed. In addition, the course helped us to establish a common language and conceptual framework, and helped us sharpen our approach."
For more information about customized in company workshops en trainings, please contact Marieke Verhagen at: _EMAIL_
For a one or two day workshop, we offer a number of basic modules. These modules are flexible, which is to say they can be adjusted and fine-tuned to the specific needs of the participants and the commissioning organisation. The timespan of each module can vary from 30 minutes to 3 hours, depending on the amount of time available and the degree of interaction. If participants are not yet familiar with the subject matter of transitions and/or transition management we advise to incorporate the first two introductory modules in the programme.
- Introduction Transition Thinking
- Introduction Transition Management
- The Transition Arena
- Participative Methods in Transition Management
- Urban Transition Management
- The Energy Transition
- Bottom-Up: The Role of Citizens and Social Entrepreneurs in Transition
- Power and Empowerment in Transitions
- Democracy en Legitimation in Transitions
Terug naar Academy


Frequently Asked Questions
Answers to some frequently asked questions about Jaeger.
Why is the Dependencies page empty?
The Dependencies page shows a graph of services traced by Jaeger and connections between them. When you are using all-in-one binary with in-memory storage, the graph is calculated on-demand from all the traces stored in memory. However, if you are using a real distributed storage like Cassandra or Elasticsearch, it is too expensive to scan all the data in the database to build the service graph. Instead, the Jaeger project provides "big data" jobs that can be used to extract the service graph data from traces:
Why do I not see any spans in Jaeger?
Please refer to the Troubleshooting guide.


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NSF funds research of computational materials data and design tools
A multi-university team led by Materials Science and Engineering Associate Professor Dane Morgan has received an NSF Software Infrastructure for Sustained Innovation award to develop tools for high-throughput generation of materials data for materials design. The five-year, $1.05 million grant will fund new tools to enable users to quickly determine diffusion and defect properties in existing and new materials. The research will enable rapid development of critical materials data underlying technologies from lithium-ion batteries to nuclear reactions to computer chips.
Renee Meiller


text:
Large organizations with geographically distributed editors often benefit from process support when creating, reviewing, publishing and translating content. Optimizely is built for a distributed way of working, with various options for managing content creation and publishing depending on the size and setup of organizations.
Ways of controlling the publishing process:
The following features can be used to control the publishing process:
- Content must be approved before it can be published
Content approvals is a way to make sure that content is reviewed and approved before it is published. When an editor has finished working on a content item, the item is set to Ready for Review. One or more appointed reviewers must then approve the content item before it can be published. The reviewers are defined by an administrator in an approval sequence.
- Changes must be approved before they are applied
Change approvals is a way to make sure that certain changes are reviewed and approved before they are applied. The changes that are applicable for review are changes that affect how your website looks to visitors, such as moving a page to another parent item in the structure (as that can affect menus) or changes to access rights, language settings, or expiration dates.
- Publish multiple related content items at the same time
The projects feature and the projects gadget let you preview and publish multiple content items at the same time, such as a landing page, blocks and products (if you have Optimizely Commerce installed) that are part of a campaign.
- Restrict publishing access rights
Access rights let you control what editors can do where in the content structure. A typical example is to restrict the right to publish content to editor groups. This means that the publish option is not available for editors. Instead, they use the Ready to Publish status option. You can then view the content under Tasks.
- Use the Tasks tab
The simplest way to monitor content creation activities is to use tasks. The Tasks option lists changes to content filtered by content status.
You can use the following options for monitoring content creation and content approvals:
Option Description Draft Lists all draft versions that have been created or changed by you. Rejected Lists all content items in status Rejected that have been created or changed by you. Items are set as Rejected when they have been set to Ready for Review or Ready to Publish and then are declined. You can edit and update content in status Rejected before you set it to Ready to Publish or Ready for Review again. In Review Lists all content items on the website that are set as Ready for Review. See Content approvals. Ready to Publish Lists all content items on the website that are set as Ready to Publish and that you have publish rights to. Marked as Being Edited Lists all content items on the website that you have set as being edited. See Tools under Basic information properties. Recently Changed Lists the last items that are changed for the website by you or any other editor. Awaiting Review Lists the content items that you have sent for review and are in content status In Review. Declined Reviews Lists the content items that you have sent for review and are declined items in content status Rejected. As soon as the item is updated, it is not displayed in this list anymore. Approved Reviews Lists the content items that you have sent for review and are approved, that is in content status Ready to Publish. As soon as the item is published (or updated), it is not displayed in this list anymore. Awaiting Your Review Lists the content items that you are one of the designated approvers of. Approved by You Lists the content items you have approved. As soon as the item is published (or updated), it is not displayed in this list anymore.
Clicking a content item in the filtered task list displays the item in the main area. Use the versions gadget to see the version history for that particular content item. If you have publishing access rights, you can decide upon further publishing actions from the versions gadget.
If you are using A/B testing, you see a number of tasks related to this feature in the Tasks list. The available options under Tasks can also be configured specifically for your website by a developer.


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Published on January 17, 2013 by Amy
The Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians are a federally recognized tribe of Luiseño Indians who live on the Rincon Indian Reservation in the Valley Center CDP, San Diego County, California. It is a federally recognized Indian tribe. They are considered one of the groups of the Mission Indians. Harrah's Rincon Casino and Resort is located on the reservation. The tribe is a member of the Indian Health Council which runs a health clinic adjacent to the reservation.
native art, native american jewelry, native american rings, turquoise crafts, student loans, debt financing, native american astrology, native horoscopes, student debt, Indian Genealogy Records, family tree, native heritage, native jobs, native study, native students, native american university, grant, native ancestry, dna test
Rincon Indian Reservation lies in northeastern San Diego County, along the San Luis Rey River, south of California State Route 76. The total area of the reservation is 4,275 acres. The population on the reservation is around 1,500, but only 188 people self-identified as Native Americans in the Valley Center CDP in the 2010 census, although tribal enrollment is about 651.


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This course introduces the concept of reliability in financial reporting. As you will soon learn, reliable financial reporting is crucial to the life of any business. This course will teach you about reliability vs. relevancy when it comes to financial statements and you will also learn the most common reasons why reliability is lost in financial reporting.
At the conclusion of this course, you should be able to:
- Identify the type of information that must be truthfully reported in order for a financial statement to be considered reliable.
- Identify when a financial statement is relevant, when it is reliable, and when a trade-off must be made.
- Discuss why reliability is so crucial to financial reporting.
- Outline what is lost when financial statements are found to be unreliable.
- List the four most common reasons why reliability is lost.
Subject Matter Expert
This course is created and brought to you by 360training, a leading provider of accredited e-learning courses to working professionals through today's leading schools, associations and corporations. 360training's high-quality e-learning courses assist thousands of working professionals in a wide range of disciplines, helping them to succeed in today's marketplace, to renew licenses, to acquire certification or to prepare for a new profession.
End of Course Instructions
Upon successful completion of the course, you will be able to print a certificate of completion from your training page.
Why Choose 360training.com?
- Fast and easy courses completion
- Get an education faster than at traditional colleges!
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text:
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22 August 2007
A Cardiff University professor is harnessing the latest digital production technology and the microscopic wonders of nature to explore ways of producing unique new products.
Professor Richard Weston, Welsh School of Architecture, has launched weston naturally exclusive to create intensely-patterned pictures and fabrics, which could ultimately be produced as architectural materials, hangings or even carpets.
He is now sharing his discoveries and creations at a series of exhibitions beginning at the National Botanic Garden of Wales, Carmarthenshire (22 August - 16 September), when the garden's gallery, in a converted stone building, will be transformed by silk hangings and prints on paper.
It then moves to the National Waterfront Museum, Swansea (16 November 2007 - 30 March 2008) with a comprehensive range of digitally manufactured materials, including printed and woven fabrics, dresses, rugs and tiles. The exhibition will also describe the formation of minerals and rocks; the capture of images; and the advanced manufacturing processes that can transform them into materials for use in architecture and design.
The series moves to Oxford University Museum of Natural History (1 March to 31 May 2008).
Each digitally produced material carries a unique image from greatly magnified rocks and minerals, producing stunning patterns, which are normally hidden from the naked eye.
"The images that emerge when we scan at high resolution are incredible," said Professor Weston. "Many look like works of art, and all have remained hidden for millennia - only revealed now thanks to digital technology."
He first uncovered the remarkable patterns while experimenting with minerals, obtained for academic research, and a home scanner. "I immediately realised the potential, and moving to more sophisticated scanning has uncovered some breathtaking images."
Professor Weston is now exploring how these patterns could be used in high quality bespoke products. Already, fashion students have produced experimental dresses, dubbed 'frocks from rocks'. Other possibilities include upholstery or hangings; architectural materials, such as tiles and glass; carpets and rugs, as well as pictures on canvas.
"As an architect I am used to working for individual clients, and I am sure this individuality will become increasingly accessible and affordable in other areas of design," said Professor Weston.
In theory, digital technology could make exclusive products more affordable, with design costs reduced by the use of natural 'designs', and the customer able to exercise their own creativity in determining which image - or part of an image - will be used. By making to order, the process also eliminates waste.
weston naturally exclusive images and designs can be viewed online from 3 September at _URL_
Innovation leaders and sustainable businesses
Shaping Public Policy
Innovation and Impact Awards
Reshaping the BBC's news agenda
This is an externally hosted beta service offered by Google.


Sib Competition and Sperm Competitiveness: An Answer to 'Why so Many Sperms?' and the Recombination/Sperm Number Correlation
J. T. Manning, A. T. Chamberlain
Sperm, or inter-ejaculate, competition leads to the evolution of many sperm per ejaculate. However, sperm competition theory does not predict the correlation between sperm number and chiasma, or that between sperm number and haploid chromosome number. Firstly, we show that phylogenetic inertia cannot account for at least the latter relation, and secondly, a model is presented which incorporates sib competition (intra-ejaculate competition) and sperm competitiveness to explain the relation between sperm numbers and recombination and the question 'Why so many sperms?'. It is argued that if there are deleterious mutations which affect sperm competitiveness this will lead to sib or intra-ejaculate competition. If inter-ejaculate competition also exists, then there will be selection for increased recombination. A chiasmate male heterozygous for n mutations which reduce sperm competitiveness can produce gametes with 0...n mutations. The proportion of gametes with 0 mutations per ejaculate is s = 0.5$^{n}$, which is a small fraction. This means that to ensure on average one sperm with 0 mutations per ejaculate, a chiasmate male must produce 1/s sperm. We may therefore expect that 1/s will be positively correlated with sperm numbers. If inter-ejaculate competition leads to an optimum sperm number of x, then the optimum number of sperm per ejaculate is x/s. Sperm numbers will be increased by: (i) the number of loci which affect sperm competitiveness in the haploid state; (ii) the mutation rate; and (iii) the recombination rate. A correlation between recombination rates and sperm numbers is therefore to be expected.


Worst practice in selenium automation
I have been starting to learn selenium automation in java this week. Frist I have learned how to setup selenium with eclipse I have leave my note in following link My First Selenium Project setup in java. This is not a tutorials, it is like point out something important in my way of learning. Point out related links, videos, content etc.
When I have try to read about selenium into their official website Selenium Documentation. I try to point out what is worst practice to do in automation journey. Therefor I am trying to point out the points what selenium docs said 🙂
Captchas is designed to prevent automation. Therefore do not try to automated Captchas. Hence, there are two way to avoid captchas in application
 1. Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment
 2. Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA
Two Factor Authentication
Two Factor Authentication shortly know as 2FA is a authorization mechanism where One Time Password(OTP) is generated using "Authenticator" mobile apps such as "Google Authenticator", "Microsoft Authenticator" etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate.
Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not secured as well. So, you can avoid automating 2FA.
There are few options to get around 2FA checks:
 - Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation.
 - Disable 2FA in your test environment.
 - Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.
File downloads
What is libcurl? Libcurl is the multiprotocol file transfer library.
HTTP response codes
For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.
Selenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test's failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.
The browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to "fail fast" when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser's error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.
Checking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver's ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user's view of the website.
If you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behavior of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.
Gmail, email and Facebook logins
For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.
The ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.
Logging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.
WebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant (how well) also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.
Denial-of-service attackIn computing, a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.
Test dependency
A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.
Performance testing
Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.
It may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.
The other potential attraction is "saving time" — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.
To improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.
Example (open source) packages to use are: JMeter
What can I do with JMeter?
Link spidering
Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.
Instead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tones of time by not using WebDriver for this task.
Beautiful Soup is a Python package for parsing HTML and XML documents. It creates a parse tree for parsed pages that can be used to extract data from HTML, which is useful for web scraping.
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communication tends to slow data collection down the Programmable Load will be used in the analog control mode (or internal programmable step mode) driven by a stair step function from zero load current through full load current while simultaneously taking panel Voltage data at each Load current step. The stair step current ramp is repeated until voltage data for each panel in the string has been collected. The program will step through each string in the array collecting a full compliment of I-V and Temperature data including the last string which may be connected to a standard panel or string used for data comparison.
The scheme described above should be expected to collect a complete set of data for each panel in the array in less than 4 seconds.
System Software can be a Versatile Tool
Software / Soft-panel Evaluation Features:
After collecting real time performance data the software can be used to analyze the data to check relative and absolute performance of the individual panels in the array strings by comparing:
- Array string performance to each other.
- String performance to a Standard Panel.
- String performance to Solar Radiance Detector.
- Panel to Panel performance within a string or to standard.
A Measurement System of this type is key in analyzing true panel performance and accurate enough for comparative panel performance evaluation which may be of special interest when evaluating engineering prototype panels and new photovoltaic technologies. A Measurement System like this can be used at many different environmental sites due to its small size, flexibility and portability. In addition to panel performance, the information gathered with this system could be used to help predict and schedule maintenance and alert to required repairs so that the array can be kept at peak performance.
C8000 PV Inverter Test System
Open architecture software platform; Test command optimizer improves test speed; Support Shop-floor control
Solar Array Simulator DC Power Supply – 62000H-S
Programmable AC Electronic Load – 63800
Multi-Channel Digital Power Meters – 66203/66204
Current Range: 0.005/0.02/0.05/0.2/0.5/2/5/20 Arms
High Power Programmable AC Source with Transients – 61510
Power Rating: 12KVA, 18KVA
Single-Channel Digital Power Meters – 66201/66202
10mA minimum current range & 1mW power resolution
High Power Programmable AC Source – 61610
Power Rating: 12KVA, 18KVA
Programmable AC Source – 6500
Power: 1200VA ~ 9KVA


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EN 1657 Test
Evaluate Fungicidal or Yeasticidal activity of Chemical disinfectants and Antiseptics
BS EN 1657 : 2016 – Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal or Yeasticidal activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics
EN 1657 (phase 2, step 1) is used to determine the fungicidal or yeasticidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics intended for use in the veterinary field.
Pathogens harboring veterinary areas are more likely to cause infections among animals, veterinarians, and workers of animals. Disinfection is a crucial practice for ensuring hygiene and reducing the risk of disease outbreaks in veterinary fields including hospitals and animal houses.
Only disinfectants which are tested for their efficacy claims under practical conditions should be used for routine cleaning and disinfection. EN 1657 test is applicable to products used for disinfection purposes in veterinary areas. This may include the following areas/situations –
- and disposal of animals.
EN 1657 Test Conditions & Requirements
- Mandatory test microorganisms: Fungicidal activity – Aspergillus niger (ATCC-16888), Yeasticidal activity – Candida Albicans (MTCC 3017)
- Test temperature – 10 °C
- Contact time – 30 mins
- Interfering substance:
- Low-level soiling – 3g/l bovine albumin solution and/or any relevant substance
- High-level soiling – 10g/l yeast extract + 10 g/l bovine albumin solution and/or any relevant substance
- Log reduction – Must demonstrate 4 log reduction
EN 1657 Test Method
- Product sample is added to test suspension of microorganisms in a solution of an interfering substance.
- The mixture is allowed to interact for a specific period of time.
- 1 ml of mixture is further transferred to a neutralizing solution.
- After neutralization, final mixture is incubated for 2 days to check if any viable microorganisms are present.
- Colonies are enumerated and compared to control samples.
At MIS, we offer a comprehensive range of antimicrobial efficacy testing options for disinfectant formulations.
You can also send us your product sample for disinfectant efficacy testing protocol – EN 1650.
For questions about EN 1657 test protocol, turnaround time, and price quote, contact our experts here.
While assessing microbiological quality of products, our microbiology experts ensure quality control by keeping constant vigilance over all lab conditions for each and every step.
We aim to provide product performance analysis reports that our clients can rely on.
EN 1657 test method evaluates fungicidal or yeasticidal activity disinfectant formulations intended for use in veterinary areas.
EN 1657 test is applicable to chemical disinfectants and antiseptic products used in veterinary areas.
EN 1657 test takes 1-2 weeks to complete.
At Microbe Investigations, we test for EN 1657 using the following bacterial and fungal strains: Candida Albicans (MTCC 3017) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC-16888). Additional strains can be added on request.


Asylum Seekers and Refugees
In Australia today, some of the people most in need of a compassionate neighbour are people seeking asylum. Having fled their homeland in search of safety and refuge, they are often detained in centres worse than prisons, with no apparent way of being granted a secure a visa.
Others are permitted to live in the community but lack the resources for adequate food, education or housing. They are often left for years without their claim for asylum being processed.
Good Samaritan Sisters and oblates endeavour to support these women, men and children directly by visiting them, as caseworkers, sourcing resources and petitioning government departments on their behalf.
Valuable partnerships in this work include the Jesuit Refugee Service, the Refugee Council of Australia, and the Catholic Alliance for People Seeking Asylum.
Other Sisters assist various groups of refugees, especially in the early months and years of being in Australia. Many of these people need support as they recover from the trauma of their past and as they find their way in a new and foreign community.


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Digging To the North Pole
Wally and Osborne aren't morons, just a bit naive. It's actually about 7,926 miles from the south pole to the north pole. If they could average five feet an hour they could be there in about 955 years. This is of course based on them maintaining that digging speed going through rock and metal as well as being burned up from the heat of the earth's core (Actually little is known about the earth's core but scientists speculate that it is made up of iron and nickel and reaches temperatures over 9000Â°F).


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An 8-minute news report on alternatives to animal experiments,
'Learning to learn without hurting animals' is currently being shown
on EuroNews, a pan-European terrestrial and satellite/cable TV
station with worldwide reach.
The science program, Futuris, explores developments in science, and
this news report looks at alternatives to animal experiments. It
includes demonstrations of alternatives by InterNICHE members, and
interviews with teachers who have developed and use alternatives.
These include anatomy and physiology software, and veterinary
clinical skills training mannekins.
Some footage was shot in Prague in December 2006 at a central
European conference on alternatives in education and training, coorganised by InterNICHE and the Czech organisation Svoboda Zvirat.
The focus of the program is mostly on the use of non-animal
alternatives in education and training to ensure the subsequent
application of the 3Rs in laboratory animal science.
While such use of alternatives may reduce suffering in this field,
the program does not sufficiently explore the impact of alternatives
in helping to support a fully humane science where cutting-edge nonanimal techniques are used for research and testing, nor where vets
are involved in clinical work with animal patients rather than
experimental work on laboratory animals. Nevertheless, it does
popularise alternatives in general.
From this weekend the feature will be available in low resolution on
the Euronews website, _URL_ (click on Futuris). It is also
available on-line now for a subscription cost (free trial for 14
Euronews is broadcast in 7 languages, including Spanish and Russian.


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, NOT the contents of any memory address residing in the register; no incrementing or decrementing occurs because the source is a register and not a memory location destination: %edi; should contain a memory address where the data will be copied to; after copying, the address stored in the %edi register is incremented or decremented according to the DF flag
stosb: move a single byte
stosw: move 2 bytes
stosl: move 4 bytes
rep: Repeating an operation so you can move strings more easily
This will continue executing the movsb operation and decrementing the ECX register until it equals 0. So if you wanted to copy a string in its entirety, you could follow this pseudo-code:
* set ESI to the memory address of the source string * set EDI to the memory address of the destination string * set ECX to the length of the source string * clear the DF flag so ESI and EDI will be incremented for each call to movsb * call rep movsb
movl $HelloWorldString, %esi movl $DestinationUsingRep, %edi movl $25, %ecx # because HelloWorldString contains 24 characters + a null terminator cld rep movsb
Here we have movsb being called 25 times (the value of ECX). Because movsb increments both the ESI and EDI register you don't have to concern yourself with the memory handling at all. So at the end of the example, the values are..
%esi: $HelloWorldString+25 %edi: $Destination+25 %ecx: 0 DF: 0 HelloWorldString: "Hello World of Assembly!" Destination: "Hello World of Assembly!"
More to Come
I hope you enjoyed reviewing data types and mov operations. Stay tuned for more assembly tips!


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The Pennsylvania Migration Count (PAMC)
Posted: April 30, 2011
Saturday 14 May, 2011
*What is the Pennsylvania Migration Count? The Pennsylvania Migration Count (PAMC) was established to gather annual data on migratory bird populations, and to help answer some fundamental questions regarding their distribution throughout Pennsylvania. PAMC is an annual one-day snapshot of bird populations within our state. Which species are present, and where are they? How many are there? Do migratory patterns change from year to year? Do populations of specific species change from year to year? Which birds are thriving, and more importantly, which are struggling? By identifying declining or otherwise at-risk species, it is hoped that steps can be taken toward assisting their future survival.
*How does it work? The Pennsylvania Migration Count takes place each spring on the second Saturday in May, in conjunction with International Migratory Bird Day. PAMC is similar to the Christmas Bird Count (CBC). The difference is that PAMC takes place on a countywide basis, rather than within the confines of a CBC circle. The rules are simple: spend some time in the field counting all birds encountered in a specified area, and keep track of miles traveled and time spent counting. Participants are free to roam their favorite county birding locales at any time during the 24 hour period, starting at 12:01am, counting every bird that they find. Totals are passed along to county compilers, who, in turn, report to the state compiler. The state compiler maintains the PAMC data, and an annual report is published in Pennsylvania Birds, the journal of the Pennsylvania Society for Ornithology (PSO).
*When was it initiated? The Pennsylvania Migration Count originated as part of the continent-wide North American Migration Count (NAMC) in 1992, when there were 141 observers in 10 Pennsylvania counties. The count grew steadily in popularity in PA over the years, and was renamed PAMC in 2003, reflective of the fact that the national count was struggling everywhere but in Pennsylvania. Last year 704 observers from 40 counties participated in the PAMC. They counted 153,429 birds of 219 different species in over 2248 field hours. This year there are already more counties committed while we are always looking for more people to help.
*How can I get invovled? Birders of all skill levels can help out with the count. Beginning at midnight with the songs of the Whip-poor-wills and the hooting of the Great Horned Owls, the PAMC is a great way to spend time outside. Whether you tally birds in your backyard, at your feeders, the local little league ballfield, along the river, on a lake, at your camp or spend time hiking through a state park, your observations count. Forms and information for PAMC participation are available from your county compiler, or go online at _URL_ Data can be submitted via e-mail or post. If participating or for more information, please contact the county compiler first, to avoid duplicate submissions from the same area. If no compiler, contact _EMAIL_ for submission or assistance.


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Photonics: Sensing on the way
Published online 01 August 2012
Hollow optical fibers containing light-emitting liquids hold big promises for biological sensing applications
Schematic illustration of a hollow fiber. The chemiluminescent liquid in the core (yellow) is guided through the fiber, also with help of further hole structures (dark blue).
Processing biological samples on a small substrate the size of a computer chip is becoming a common task for biotechnology applications. Given the small working area, however, probing samples on the substrate with light can be difficult. To address this issue, Xia Yu and co-workers at the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology have now developed an optical fiber system that is able to deliver light to microfluidic chips with high efficiency1.
"Our compact optical fibers are designed for use with high-throughput detection systems," says Yu. "They are ideal for use in space-restrictive locations."
A common way of probing biological samples is by light. In this method, the sample is excited by an external light source and the light emitted in response is detected, which provides a unique fingerprint of the substance. Conventional techniques are able to deliver light to samples and probe the response, but they are not very efficient at probing a small sample volume. A solution to this is to use optical fibers that are able to guide light to small spaces. The drawback with this technique, however, has been that it can be difficult to insert the external probe light into the optical fiber with sufficient efficiencies.
Yu and her co-workers have now circumvented this problem by using optical fibers with a hollow core (see image). The empty hollow core can be filled with liquids — in this case, with chemiluminescent solutions. The liquid is important to promote the transport of light through the core. In addition, these solutions consist of two liquids that when brought together initiate a chemical reaction that emits light. If such a solution is placed directly within the hollow core the problem of coupling light into the fiber is circumvented. This not only avoids external light sources but also promotes an established technology.
"The use of chemical luminescence is a common technique for a variety of detection assays in biology," says Yu. "By incorporating the emission mechanism into optical fibers, we can use it as a light source for sensing applications in microfluidics systems."
First tests for such sensing applications are already underway, although some challenges remain. For example, there might be losses in the light emitted by the fluid if the emitted light is not perfectly confined within the fiber. Such problems can be solved through improved fiber designs and an appropriate choice of materials, and applications of these fibers for microfluidic systems are promising.
The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Yu, X. et al. Chemiluminescence detection in liquid-core microstructured optical fibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 160, 800–803 (2011). | article


Researchers hope their findings will help men who may have heard that they're supposed to be thinking about sex all day to feel normal.
ma8in Yuri Arcurs shutterstock_77179885.jpg
A study of college students may help dispel the idea that men think about sex every seven seconds. According to the findings, it's more like once every hour.
The men in the study reported thinking about sex an average of 19 times a day. If they were really thinking about sex every seven seconds, that would be over 8,000 times in a 16-hour waking day. Women in the study reportedly had sex on their mind only ten times a day. So according to the study, men do think about sex twice as often as women.
The study did not address how often subjects actually had sex -- just how often they thought about it. These are self-reported findings, but who ever lies about sex?
The study also looked at how often the students thought about other biological needs. Once again men had food (18 times a day compared to 15) and sleep (11 times a day compared to 8.5) on their minds more often than women. So men do seem to be a bit closer to their caveman roots.
The study also found that when it comes to thinking about sex, there's no such thing as one size fits all. People varied widely in how often their mind was on it. The high for men was 388 thoughts per day while the low was just one thought. Women ranged from one thought to 140 per day.
The study looked at 283 college students aged 18-25. One hundred sixty three were women and 120 were men. They all recorded how often they thought about sex, food, and sleep each day for one week, using a golf tally counter.
The best predictor of how often people thought about sex was not whether they were male or female, but how comfortable they were with sexuality. The more comfortable they were, the more they thought about sex.
The researchers hope the findings will ease the fears of men who might have heard that they're supposed to be thinking about sex every seven seconds and feel substandard because they don't. And they also hope it will help women who think about sex more often than their peers be more comfortable with themselves.
An article on the study appears in the Journal of Sex Research.
Image: Yuri Arcurs/Shutterstock.
This article originally appeared on, an Atlantic partner site.


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National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Award
In September of 2020, Dr. Johnson received a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant entitled "Exploring the unique effects of shared past adversity for enhancing social connection and identify-safety in STEM". The grant will expand on previous research Dr. Johnson has done that explores who acts as a role model for Black women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). In order for an individual to serve as a role model, students must feel a social connection, or identify with, the role model. Importantly, role models can spark interest in STEM and encourage a sense of belonging in STEM fields. Black women only comprise 2% of the STEM workforce; thus, identifying who acts a role model for Black women is critical to increase their representation in STEM. The research in the grant will focus on role models specifically for STEM students who identify as Black and female. To learn more about the NSF funded work and Dr. Johnson's research, you can visit her website at: _URL_
Dr. India R. Johnson is a social psychologist that joined Butler's Department of Psychology in 2019. Dr. Johnson earned her PhD in Social Psychology from The Ohio State University, and earned her bachelor's degree in Psychology from IUPUI. Dr. Johnson is an intergroup relations researcher, and her work focuses on how to improve the quality and quantity of interactions between persons of differing identities, with an emphasis on promoting feelings of identity-safety among members of marginalized groups (e.g. racial and ethnic minorities, sexual and gender minorities, women, immigrants, and religious minorities). In addition to being a social psychologist and professor, Dr. Johnson is a wife to her amazing husband, Ricky, and mother of four incredible daughters, Anjanée, Lyric, Ryvar & Rylan.


La Quiropráctica es la rama de la salud que se especializa en la atención de la Espina Dorsal, el Sistema Neurológico, y su relación directa con la salud del ser humano.
El Quiropráctico dirige todo su conocimiento, habilidad, y experiencia, en la detección de fallas en la Espina Dorsal las cuales inciden directamente sobre el funcionamiento del Sistema Neurológico, estas fallas son conocidas cómo Subluxaciones Vertebrales.
Las Subluxaciones son causadas inicialmente por estreses de tipo físico, químico, y emocional.
La Subluxación Vertebral, de por sí sola, es el causal de todas las condiciones que ayuda el Quiropráctico.
La Quiropráctica corrige y previene la causa o sea la raíz de la condición del paciente, mediante la detección, y corrección de la Subluxación.
El Quiropráctico logra la corrección mediante el Ajuste, cual es único de los quiroprácticos.
Why are eggs from OrgaNick Pastures more valuable for consumers?
Our chickens have an average of 108 square feet of pasture per layer hen to graze throughout the day in good weather. Those hens also have ample space inside our barns with several levels for eating, drinking, and living within the flock. At non-organic farms, it is rare for a chicken to see the outdoors or exercise their natural curiosity.
How does an organic lifestyle for the hens translate into the eggs?
Because our hens spend more time outside than our competition, they have a higher level of Vitamin D in the eggs. Eggs are rich in iron, phosphorus, selenium and vitamins A, B12, B2, B5 and D (among others). Eggs also are high in choline, a very important nutrient which plays an important roles in modulating gene expression, cell membrane signaling, lipid transport and metabolism, and early brain development.
Where can I buy OrgaNick Pastures eggs?
Check out this interactive map of locations our eggs are sold by clicking on this link.
What do the chickens eat?
Our chickens eat a number of different things. In the grazing months, they eat pasture, bugs, worms, and insects. Pretty much anything they can find in the pasture. During those months, they also have access to feed in the barn which is a combination of grains, grasses, and minerals. In the winter, when there isn't much for pasture, we supplement them with hay bales.
Why are eggs different colors?
The color of eggs laid by each hen is determined by their genetics. Some farms may genetically modify their hens to lay certain colors, or to lay more vibrant colors; but our hens live an organic life which generates a more pure, nutritious egg for you. Here is a video explaining the differences in egg shell color by Ron Kean, an expert on poultry production and management from University of Wisconsin: .
Is there a difference between the eggs with different color shells?
The nutritional makeup of eggs are the same regardless of the shell color. Eggs from OrgaNick Pastures are more nutritious because of their organic feed and organic pasture in their diet.
How does an egg get its color?
The color of the egg is determined by the breed of the hen laying the egg. Curiously, on the OrgaNick Pastures farm in Marcellon, the black Dominant CZ's lay a cream colored egg. According to Michigan State University Extension, "All eggs start out white in color; those that are laid in shades other than white have pigments deposited on them as the eggs travel through the hen's oviduct. The journey through the chicken's oviduct takes approximately 26 hours. The shell takes roughly 20 hour to be complete."


Definitions for "berry"
a juicy fruit with seeds immersed in pulp
Old province which has now become the department of Cher and the department of Indre. This region has an internationally renound status thanks to its wines: Sancerre, Ménetou-Salon, Quincy and Reuilly.
Berry is a region located in the center of France. It was a province of France until the provinces were replaced by dÃ©partements on March 4, 1790.
Keywords: hillock, mound
A mound; a hillock.
Keywords: went, summer, pick, gather
Keywords: nominative
Keywords: ova, eggs, fish, one
One of the ova or eggs of a fish.
Keywords: singer, born, rock, united
United States rock singer (born in 1931)
Keywords: bean, coffee
The coffee bean.
berry is a XML-based interpreted language for many purposes
Keywords: bear, produce
To bear or produce berries.


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Title: Temperature-dependent phase-specific deformation mechanisms in a directionally solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo) lamellar composite
Phase-specific thermal expansion and mechanical deformation behaviors of a directionally solidified NiAl–Cr(Mo) lamellar in situ composite were investigated by using real-time in situ neutron diffraction during compression at elevated temperatures up to 800 °C. Tensile and compressive thermal residual stresses were found to exist in the NiAl phase and Crss (solid solution) phase, respectively. Then, based on the evolution of lattice spacings and phase stresses, the phase-specific deformation behavior was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, estimates of phase stresses were derived by Hooke's law on the basis of a simple method for the determination of stress-free lattice spacing in in situ composites. During compressive loading, the NiAl phase yields earlier than the Crss phase. The Crss phase carries much higher stress than the NiAl phase, and displays consistent strain hardening at all temperatures. The NiAl phase exhibits strain hardening at relatively low temperatures and softening at high temperatures. During unloading, the NiAl phase yields in tension whereas the Crss phase unloads elastically. Additionally, post-test microstructural observations show phase-through cracks at room temperature, micro cracks along phase interfaces at 600 °C and intact lamellae kinks at 800 °C, which is due to the increasing deformability of both phases as temperature rises.
 1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Tianjin Univ. (China)
 3. Tianjin Univ. (China)
Publication Date:
Grant/Contract Number:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 656; Journal ID: ISSN 0925-8388
Research Org:
Sponsoring Org:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Country of Publication:
United States
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; neutron diffraction; in-situ composites; deformation; directional diffraction; high-temperature deformation; thermal residual stress
OSTI Identifier:


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One of the primary jobs of Pyramid is to find and invoke a view callable when a request reaches your application. View callables are bits of code which do something interesting in response to a request made to your application.
A Pyramid view callable is often referred to in conversational shorthand as a view. In this documentation, however, we need to use less ambiguous terminology because there are significant differences between view configuration, the code that implements a view callable, and the process of view lookup.
The URL Dispatch, and Traversal chapters describes how, using information from the request, a context resource is computed. But the context resource itself isn't very useful without an associated view callable. A view callable returns a response to a user, often using the context resource to do so.
The job of actually locating and invoking the "best" view callable is the job of the view lookup subsystem. The view lookup subsystem compares the resource supplied by resource location and information in the request against view configuration statements made by the developer to choose the most appropriate view callable for a specific set of circumstances.
This chapter describes how view callables work. In the View Configuration chapter, there are details about performing view configuration, and a detailed explanation of view lookup.
View callables are, at the risk of sounding obvious, callable Python objects. Specifically, view callables can be functions, classes, or instances that implement an __call__ method (making the instance callable).
View callables must, at a minimum, accept a single argument named request. This argument represents a Pyramid Request object. A request object encapsulates a WSGI environment provided to Pyramid by the upstream WSGI server. As you might expect, the request object contains everything your application needs to know about the specific HTTP request being made.
A view callable's ultimate responsibility is to create a Pyramid Response object. This can be done by creating the response object in the view callable code and returning it directly, as we will be doing in this chapter. However, if a view callable does not return a response itself, it can be configured to use a renderer that converts its return value into a Response object. Using renderers is the common way that templates are used with view callables to generate markup. See the Renderers chapter for details.
One of the easiest way to define a view callable is to create a function that accepts a single argument named request, and which returns a Response object. For example, this is a "hello world" view callable implemented as a function:
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from pyramid.response import Response def hello_world(request): return Response('Hello world!')
A view callable may also be represented by a Python class instead of a function. When a view callable is a class, the calling semantics are slightly different than when it is a function or another non-class callable. When a view callable is a class, the class' __init__ is called with a request parameter. As a result, an instance of the class is created. Subsequently, that instance's __call__ method is invoked with no parameters. Views defined as classes must have the following traits:
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from pyramid.response import Response class MyView(object): def __init__(self, request): self.request = request def __call__(self): return Response('hello')
The request object passed to __init__ is the same type of request object described in Defining a View Callable as a Function.
If you'd like to use a different attribute than __call__ to represent the method expected to return a response, you can either:
Usually, view callables are defined to accept only a single argument: request. However, view callables may alternately be defined as classes, functions, or any callable that accept two positional arguments: a context resource as the first argument and a request as the second argument.
The following types work as view callables in this style:
Functions that accept two arguments: context, and request, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response def view(context, request): return Response('OK')
Classes that have an __init__ method that accepts context, request and a __call__ which accepts no arguments, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response class view(object): def __init__(self, context, request): self.context = context self.request = request def __call__(self): return Response('OK')
Arbitrary callables that have a __call__ method that accepts context, request, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response class View(object): def __call__(self, context, request): return Response('OK') view = View() # this is the view callable
This style of calling convention is most useful for traversal based applications, where the context object is frequently used within the view callable code itself.
No matter which view calling convention is used, the view code always has access to the context via request.context.
A view callable may always return an object that implements the Pyramid Response interface. The easiest way to return something that implements the Response interface is to return a pyramid.response.Response object instance directly. For example:
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from pyramid.response import Response def view(request): return Response('OK')
You don't need to always use Response to represent a response. Pyramid provides a range of different "exception" classes which can act as response objects too. For example, an instance of the class pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPFound is also a valid response object (see Using a View Callable to Do an HTTP Redirect). A view can actually return any object that has the following attributes.
These attributes form the notional "Pyramid Response interface".
You can issue an HTTP redirect from within a view by returning a particular kind of response.
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from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound def myview(request): return HTTPFound(location='_URL_')
All exception types from the pyramid.httpexceptions module implement the Response interface; any can be returned as the response from a view. See pyramid.httpexceptions for the documentation for the HTTPFound exception; it also includes other response types that imply other HTTP response codes, such as HTTPUnauthorized for 401 Unauthorized.
Although exception types from the pyramid.httpexceptions module are in fact bona fide Python Exception types, the Pyramid view machinery expects them to be returned by a view callable rather than raised.
It is possible, however, in Python 2.5 and above, to configure an exception view to catch these exceptions, and return an appropriate Response. The simplest such view could just catch and return the original exception. See Exception Views for more details.
Usually when a Python exception is raised within a view callable, Pyramid allows the exception to propagate all the way out to the WSGI server which invoked the application.
However, for convenience, two special exceptions exist which are always handled by Pyramid itself. These are pyramid.exceptions.NotFound and pyramid.exceptions.Forbidden. Both are exception classes which accept a single positional constructor argument: a message.
In all cases, the message provided to the exception constructor is made available to the view which Pyramid invokes as request.exception.args.
The machinery which allows the special NotFound and Forbidden exceptions to be caught by specialized views as described in Using Special Exceptions In View Callables can also be used by application developers to convert arbitrary exceptions to responses.
To register a view that should be called whenever a particular exception is raised from with Pyramid view code, use the exception class or one of its superclasses as the context of a view configuration which points at a view callable you'd like to generate a response.
For example, given the following exception class in a module named helloworld.exceptions:
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class ValidationFailure(Exception): def __init__(self, msg): self.msg = msg
You can wire a view callable to be called whenever any of your other code raises a hellworld.exceptions.ValidationFailure exception:
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from helloworld.exceptions import ValidationFailure _USER_(context=ValidationFailure) def failed_validation(exc, request): response = Response('Failed validation: %s' % exc.msg) response.status_int = 500 return response
Assuming that a scan was run to pick up this view registration, this view callable will be invoked whenever a helloworld.exceptions.ValidationError is raised by your application's view code. The same exception raised by a custom root factory or a custom traverser is also caught and hooked.
Other normal view predicates can also be used in combination with an exception view registration:
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from pyramid.view import view_config from pyramid.exceptions import NotFound from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound _USER_(context=NotFound, route_name='home') def notfound_view(request): return HTTPNotFound()
The above exception view names the route_name of home, meaning that it will only be called when the route matched has a name of home. You can therefore have more than one exception view for any given exception in the system: the "most specific" one will be called when the set of request circumstances match the view registration.
The only view predicate that cannot be used successfully when creating an exception view configuration is name. The name used to look up an exception view is always the empty string. Views registered as exception views which have a name will be ignored.
Normal (i.e., non-exception) views registered against a context resource type which inherits from Exception will work normally. When an exception view configuration is processed, two views are registered. One as a "normal" view, the other as an "exception" view. This means that you can use an exception as context for a normal view.
Exception views


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Family that rose to international prominence in the 19th–20th centuries. The first Battenbergs were a family of German counts that died out c. 1314; the title was revived in 1851. In 1917 the family members who lived in England renounced the German title of prince of Battenberg and adopted Mountbatten as a surname (mount being a translation of Berg). Prominent members of the family included Philip, duke of Edinburgh, and Louis Mountbatten.
Variants of BATTENBERG FAMILY
Battenberg family or Mountbatten family
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. For the full entry on Battenberg family, visit Britannica.com.
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What made you look up Battenberg family? Please tell us what you were reading, watching or discussing that led you here.


text: This paper investigates the impact of the introduction and implementation of the new EU bail-in framework on the banks subordinated bond yield spreads over senior unsecured bonds, and links the bond yields developments with the characteristics of the issuing entities and the economic and financial environment. The analysis does not show evidence of a significant and generalized increase in the spreads as a result of a higher risk perception in the sample under review. The results reinforce the relevance of the Tier 1 capital ratio for making subordinated debt safer, while markets price the higher risk of banks with less stable sources of funding in their liability/capital structures. Market conditions and economic environment variables also play a key role in explaining bond spreads. Interestingly, after the introduction of the new bail-in framework, there is a convergence between the bond yields of the GSIBs and the non-GSIBs, which could point out to a reduction in the market perception of the so called "too big to fail" public implicit guarantee. Nonetheless, this convergence is mostly driven by the reduction of the yields of bonds issued by banks not categorized as GSIBs, and not by significant increases in the GSIBs' bond yields.


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Like it or lump it
Said of an unpleasant outcome that one has no choice but to accept - one can either endure it willingly or endure it with suffering.
When we are given a fait accompli in a situation in which we would normally expect some sort of choice, we might not be too pleased about it. We may then be told to 'like it or lump it'. Had the expression been coined in the 16th century this is no doubt what Thomas Hobson would have said to his prospective customers when he offered them 'Hobson's choice'.
But how exactly do we 'lump' something? Although 'lump' is almost always used as a noun rather than a verb, there are many meanings of the verb form of 'lump' to choose from:
- To bet all of one's money on a single wager (first recorded in the 19th century)
- To make something into a lump (18th century)
- To classify various things as a group, i.e. lump them together (17th century)
- To slouch along lazily (17th century)
- To look sulky or disagreeable (16th century)
Of course, it is the last of these lumps that is the alternative to 'like it'.
'Lumping' in the sense of mooching about grumpily may well be of Irish origin and is first recorded in Richard Stanyhurst's Treatise Describing Irelande, 1577. The Dublin born Stanyhurst risked the wrath of his contemporaries by suggesting that the English rule in Ireland wasn't the source of all their troubles:
Here percase some snappish carper will snuffinglie snib me for debasing the Irish language: because that by proofe and experience we see, that the pale was neuer in more florishing estate than when it was wholie English, and neuer in woorsse plight than since it hath infranchised the Irish. But some will saie, that I shew my selfe herein as friuolous... They stand lumping and lowring, fretting and fuming.
[Note: Stanyhurst's expressive phrase'snuffingly snib' means'rebuke in a snorting manner'.]
[Note: see also 'Beyond the pale'.]
Soon afterwards, in 1581, Barnaby Rich used the term in Farewell to Military Profession:
She beganne to froune, lumpe, and lowre at her housebande.
Rich was a naval captain and undoubtedly English, but most of his writing related to Ireland and he moved to Dublin to write on his retirement from the Navy.
People had been lumping it for a few hundred years before anyone thought of the phrase 'like it or lump it'. A play on words between the noun and verb usages of the word lump was what brought it about. The early uses of the expression refer to things that have lumps in them, as in this example from the London magazine The Monthly Mirror, 1807, in a piece titled Rules For Punning:
Mrs....purposely sends a dish of tea to a lady, without sugar, of which she complains.
Mr....(Handing the sugar basin) - Well, ma'am, if you don't like it, you may lump it.
The English love of wordplay is long lasting, some might say chronic, and Zadie Smith made the same little joke in her novel White Teeth, 2000:
We're all English now, mate. Like it or lump it, as the rhubarb said to the custard.
The first example that I can find of the precise 'like it or lump it' wording of the expression is in Specimens, 1841, Josiah Shippey's book of morally uplifting essays, which were delivered in the form of tortured rhyming couplets, worthy of William McGonagall:
Yet his merit, though some may be ignorant of it,
And as he by it wishes each one may profit;
Imperiously forces, or like it or lump it,
Himself, honest fellow, to blow his own trumpet.


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Definition of moolah
n. - Alt. of Moollah 2
The word "moolah" uses 6 letters: A H L M O O.
No direct anagrams for moolah found in this word list.
List shorter words within moolah, sorted by length
All words formed from moolah by changing one letter
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