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Dissecting the mechanisms underlying old male mating advantage in a butterfly
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Karl, I., Heuskin, S. & Fischer, K. Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2013) 67: 837. doi:10.1007/s00265-_PHONE_-8
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Selection is expected to maximize an individual's own genetic reward regardless of the potential fitness consequences for its sexual partners, which may cause sexual conflict. Although performance in holometabolous insects typically diminishes with age, old male mating advantage has been documented in a few species. Whether this pattern arises from female preference for older males based on, e.g., pheromone blends (intersexual selection), or from increased eagerness to mate in older compared to younger males is currently debated. We explore the mechanistic basis of old male mating advantage, using a series of experiments including behavioral as well as manipulative approaches, in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Consistent with the residual reproductive value hypothesis, old male mating advantage was associated with a greater eagerness to mate, evidenced by a two times higher flying and courting activity in older than in younger males. In contrast, we found only limited support for a contribution of female preference for older males based on pheromone composition, although male sex pheromones clearly do play a role in mating success. Our results suggest that male behavior may play a primary role in old male mating advantage, and that pheromones are likely of secondary importance only. Male mating success was related to higher overall pheromone titers rather than variation in a single component. A dominant importance of male behavior in determining mating success may result in sexual conflict.


How much electricity do LED street lights use?
A high-pressure sodium street light can draw up to 1000 watts, and an incandescent light used in the 1900s needed 320 watts. Some LED street lights require only 73 watts and, according to the U. S. Department of Energy, produce a higher quality of light.
Do LED lights take up electricity?
LEDs consume far less electricity than incandescent bulbs, and decorative LED light strings such as Christmas tree lights are no different. … Safer: LEDs are much cooler than incandescent lights, reducing the risk of combustion or burnt fingers.
How much does it cost to run street lights?
Keeping this in mind, the running cost of the street light would be 40 x 100 x 0.12/1,000 = $0.48 an hour. On the other hand, if you use high-pressure sodium street lamps, halogen lamps, and metal halide lamps, the cost of running the street lights would be $1 an hour.
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How much does a street light cost to run UK?
How much energy does a street light use? Typically, lights on residential roads contain a 35 watt lamp, while those on main roads contain a 150 watt lamp. In simple terms, the electricity consumed by an 'average' light will cost between £25 and £65 a year.
Who pays for the electricity for street lights?
Essential Energy is responsible for the maintenance and billing of around 160,000 streetlights for 85 Councils across NSW and southern Queensland, from Bega Valley in the south to Tweed Heads in the north and Broken Hill in the west.
How much does it cost to run a 1000w LED light?
You need to divide your wattage by 1,000 (1,000 kilowats in 1 watt). So, if we were to run a 1000 watt grow light 18 hours a day with the kWh rate we gave earlier, our formula would be: 1 x $0.1559 x 18 x 30 = $84.186/month.
Can you leave LED strip lights on all night?
How long does it take to install a street light?
On contrary, if you're going to do it by hand, this will take around 15-20 minutes. Beside this, you will also need at least four to five men to help you out in installing it properly. In short, the complete installation will not take longer than 2 hours if done properly and stepwise.
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How long do street light bulbs last?
With proper maintenance and renewal, most street lights will last 20 years or longer. The pole that supports a decorative street light can last 90 years with proper maintenance.
How do you calculate lighting consumption?
To find the total wattage of a fixture, add the wattage of each light bulb together.
 1. fixture watts = bulb watts × bulb quantity.
 2. kWh = Power(W) × Time(hrs) ÷ 1,000.
 3. monthly kWh = kWh per day × 30.
 4. price = kWh × cost per kWh.
How many kilowatts does a street light use?
2004. "The lamps used in streetlights vary in both size and consumption (typically between 35 and 250 Watts) depending upon whether they are lighting a residential area, main road or a town centre." "It is generally assumed that the average wattage of a streetlight is about 80 watts." Outdoor Lighting Handbook.
How many street lights are in the UK?
In that case, we will have approximately 2.8 million street lights. Final answer: 2.8 million street lights are there in London.
How many street lights are there in the world?
There are currently 304 million total streetlights in the world. This number will grow to 352 million total streetlights by 2025.
Why do we pay for electricity?
How do street lights turn on?
The most commonly used component in streetlights is called a cadmium sulphide photoresistor, or a CdS cell for short. … When it gets dark, then not much current can flow to the electromagnet so the switch closes and allows electricity to flow to the streetlight, turning it on.
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Does the government pay for electricity?
Renewable generation is supported by direct subsidies (money for electricity) while generation from fossil fuels is supported via indirect subsidies (tax preferences on fuel production). … Renewables-focused subsidies like the Production Tax Credit and the Investment Tax Credit offer clear benefit to wind and solar.
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The world's oldest Auschwitz survivor, Antoni Dobrowolski defied the Nazis to teach Polish children.
The world's oldest survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland is dead at 108.
More from GlobalPost: Auschwitz documents surface, then vanish
A teacher by trade, he was imprisoned at the death camp for giving lessons to Polish children in defiance of his Nazi occupiers.
After the Germans invaded Poland, sparking World War II, the Nazis banned Poles from anything beyond four years of elementary education in a bid to crush the country's people and its culture, according to the AP.
More from GlobalPost: Auschwitz survivor and museum director dies on 60th anniversary of liberation
But an underground movement known as the Secret Teaching Organization sought to keep the country's education system alive and well.
Dobrowolski and other Polish teachers engaged in the effort were arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Auschwitz in June 1942, according to Poland's Gazeta Wyborcza.
Dobrowolski later spent time at the concentration camps of Gross-Rosen and then Sachsenhausen, where he was liberated in 1945 at the war's end, the AP reported.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Why is it that when i drop my phone from about 4 feet onto a pillow, and plot the magnitude of the user acceleration i get peak values of 1.5g then 1g then 2.5g then 1g then 2.5g then 0g in a 1 second time frame in free fall with 10 samples. Ideally it should be accelerating at a constant rate downwards due to gravity minus the air resistance, so why does the acceleration go up and down while in free fall? What is causing this noise?
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The most important concept to understand before reading my post is that acceleration relative to the ground (not accelerometer reading) due to gravity will always be 1.0g. However, this acceleration can be diminished/enhanced by external factors such as air resistance, stopping force, applied force, etc.
It is important to recognize the difference between actual acceleration and the accelerometer reading before noticing the variation between my answer and the others. I have answered your question in terms of acceleration because your graph does not seem to reflect raw accelerometer readings, but rather acceleration relative to the ground. To clarify:
Here is a probable situation for each acceleration WRT ground that you posted:
1.5g: When dropping the iPhone, you probably accidentally applied a small force of ~0.5g, causing an acceleration of 1.5g (1.0g due to gravity + 0.5g applied).
1.0g: Once it is in actual free fall, it reads ~1.0g (acceleration due to gravity). This is the acceleration it should hypothetically be reading the entire time it is in free fall, neglecting air resistance.
2.5g: When it hits the pillow, it has an upwards acceleration of ~2.5g because it is stopping after having gained speed from gravity.
0.0g: After it has stopped, it has 0.0g of acceleration because it isn't accelerating. Acceleration due to gravity has been neutralized by the normal forced exerted by pillow.
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The accelerometer is measuring force with respect to the iPhone case. When sitting still on the table, gravity is forcing the accelerometer chip into the bottom of the iPhone case with a force of 1G. When in free fall, both the accelerometer chip and the iPhone case will undergo the same downward force due to gravity of 1G. But then since, in free fall, both the chip and the case will be accelerating downward at the identical rate, there is no force of the chip against the iPhone case, they'll both be falling together, so you get a reading very close to zero G.
So 1 G while you hold it still up in the air. 0 Gs in free fall. Many G's during the deepest contact part of the bounce. 0 Gs during the up in the air part of the bounce rebound. Many G's during the next contact with the pillow, etc. Back to 1 G when sitting still on the pillow.
This is a slight simplification, as the measurement is actually of one part of the chip against another, but the argument still works, but more on a nano-scale.
Einstein discovered something obvious (but hidden in plain sight). That is: what we experience as gravity is actually acceleration. When on the ground, and not moving, we are actually accelerating upward at 1G (one earth gravity). So the earth is actually expanding outward from the center.
Now a funny thing happens with matter (or a large mass like the Earth): space and time around the mass actually collapses at the exact same rate as the expansion. That's why clocks run faster when you move away from the center of the earth or off the Earth's surface. This has been verified in countless experiments and must be taken into consideration in order for GPS satellites to function correctly (for example).
Now a true accelerometer will always measure 1G on the ground. When you released it, the accelerometer goes into "free fall" which means it is now moving at a constant velocity (not accelerating)and thus reads: 0G. Instead of the accelerometer accelerating, the ground accelerates up to meet the falling object because the ground has accelerated upward during the one second of weightless free-fall experienced by the accelerometer. The instantaneous acceleration when striking the pillow is therefore much higher than 1G. Using the pillow as a spring to gently introduce the new instantaneous velocity of the earth to the momentarily weightless accelerometer was a good idea.
Instantaneous acceleration to any instrument is very destructive... and iPhones very expensive.
Is the phone spinning? Air resistance will vary depending on the "profile" presented in the direction of acceleration (down), which means acceleration will vary. The 0g sample is either a spot where the location of the sensor in the phone happened to be rotating/spinning downwards at the same rate as gravity, and/or the phone hit terminal velocity (not likely on a 4' fall).
Normally, when the phone is sitting on the table, the acceleration is 1G. In a free-fall the acceleration is 0G. I've never played with the iPhone accelerometer to know whether the support logic "fakes" 0G when stationary and "fakes" 1G when falling, but if it does it would inevitably be imperfect.
What you should see (from an un-fudged accelerometer) in a free-fall is starting at 1G, decreasing rapidly to 0G while falling, increasing rapidly to several Gs when it hits the "ground", then returning to 1G after rebounding stops, perhaps after several cycles up and down.
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Boundary disputes are much more likely to be in the residential sector than in commercial dealings. That said, everyone has heard of neighbors squabbling over fences, driveways, and other improvements made to someone's home. Boundary disputes can get ugly quickly, costing a bundle in court fees. You could even be found to be at fault, unbeknownst to you, if there are any irregularities found during the dispute.
Instead of waiting for a boundary dispute to happen to you, you might want to be proactive, and hire a property surveyor to check your boundaries. This will be especially helpful for those with larger homes with big yards, or with garages and other buildings on the edge of their property. A surveyor can help you uncover many things, including:
Right of way, easements, and abandoned roads: A survey will show all the conditions imposed by law that are reflected in your property's title report and other agreements. If your property blocks your neighbor's access to the road, for example, there may be an old agreement that gives your neighbor the right to walk across your yard to the street.
Joint driveways, extensions, right-of-support: Unbeknownst to you or your next-door neighbor, you may have an obligation by law to support your neighbor's driveway by maintaining your own.
If there is a boundary dispute, you might protect yourself by having the property surveyed. You will be prepared and you won't end up making things personal with a neighbor or landlord if things get to a head.


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Botanæco is experienced in the survey, assessment & management of forestry and native woodland creation or restoration sites. This includes making planting recommendations based upon the existing & potential vegetation and ecological history.
Botanæco routinely undertakes the following activity in relation to forestry sites:
In partnership with the expertise & facilities of Aberdeen University's Geography Department it is possible to produce an account of the ecological history ('palaeoecology') for your site. This has value for the following reasons:
The ecological history of an area is reconstructed through analysis of pollen grains preserved in wetland habitats. Coring the wetland, down to increasingly old sediments, allows a journey back in time by counting the number of pollen grains that record the fortunes of different species.
This service costs around the same as the habitat survey for a typical site. Radiocarbon dates can be included at cost price (c. £450 per sample), or a chronology can be estimated by other means.
Survey & assessment of woodland & forestry sites has regularly been undertaken for forestry companies and for other purposes within the planning system, such as wind farms. Management experience therefore includes consideration of development issues & related species management, such as for red squirrel or golden eagle, as well as consideration of the habitat itself. Botanæco's experience & quality of work in these areas has led to commissions by the Forestry Commission & Forestry Commission Scotland to assess the effects of riparian restoration on New Forest woodlands; and for field & class-based training in habitat survey & assessment, for example.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Alienation Of Affection
Frequently Asked Questions
 - What can I do if I think my marriage ended due to my spouse's infidelity?Open or Close
 In North Carolina, an individual who has caused a married person to suffer the loss of affection of their spouse can be sued by the injured spouse. In layman's terms, you may sue your spouse's paramour. Even if you do not actually file a complaint and sue the paramour, often times the threat of such a lawsuit can be used as leverage in your negotiations with your spouse as you separate and attempt to resolve issues in your domestic case, such as child custody, child support, spousal support and equitable distribution. A cheating spouse may be more likely to offer more to the injured spouse in terms of property distribution or budge in a custody dispute, if the other party agrees not to pursue a lawsuit against the person they had an affair with.
 - What is an Alienation of Affection lawsuit?Open or Close
 Alienation of Affection, also known as a "heart balm action", is a tort lawsuit, involving a complaint brought by a deserted spouse against a third party alleged to be responsible for the failure of the marriage. The defendant in an alienation of affections suit is typically an adulterous spouse's lover, although family members, counselors, therapists and even clergy members who have advised a spouse to seek divorce have also been sued for alienation of affections.
 To prove this type of case legally, however, you must be able to show the court the following:
 1. You and your spouse were happily married and a genuine love and affection existed between you before the outside interference of a third person;
 2. The love and affection was alienated and destroyed by the actions of that third person;
 3. The wrongful and malicious acts of the defendant produced the alienation of affection from your spouse.
 The "malicious" part is presumed if there is proof of sexual intercourse, but malice does not always mean sexual intercourse. It is not necessary for you to prove that your spouse's lover actually set out to destroy your marriage. Rather, you must show that he or she engaged in acts that would have a foreseeable impact on your marriage.
 - What is Criminal Conversation?Open or Close
 Unlike the Alienation of Affection claim, Criminal Conversation refers to adultery only. The only element required to prevail in this type of action, is proof (or the greater weight of the evidence) that the defendant engaged in sexual intercourse with your spouse while you were still living together as a married couple.
 What if the sexual encounter happened outside of the state of North Carolina?
 North Carolina requires that at least one act of sex must occur within the state in order file an action for criminal conversation.
 - What sort of proof do I need for an alienation of affection and/or criminal conversation case?Open or Close
 It is uncommon prior to the initiation of the action to have a confession from the perpetrator. However, one can use circumstantial and other types of evidence to prove the affair occurred, such as phone records, witness testimony, credit card and bank statements, copies of any electronic correspondence between your spouse and his/her paramour (so long as it is retrieved by legal means), and even surveillance conducted by a private investigator.
 Another important aspect to these lawsuits is the establishment of actual damages suffered by the Plaintiff. When it comes time for the trial, the burden of proof is on the Plaintiff to show the jury specifically how they have been harmed by the actions of the Defendant and to provide a dollar figure for those damages. Whether it be from loss of your home to the cost of therapy required to cope with the affair, your attorney will assist you in calculating your losses and guide you in what exhibits to provide for court.
 - What is the process once I file my lawsuit?Open or Close
 Once your lawsuit is filed and served to the Defendant, he or she will have 30 days to file an Answer, including various affirmative defenses and counterclaims. They may also file a motion for an extension of time to file this Answer. In the meantime, your attorney will likely send out discovery for the opposing party to answer, including very specific questions about his or her relationship with your spouse and requests for the production of documents and other items relevant to your case.
 As part of this process, the court will also require both parties to attend mediation prior to setting the case on for trial. A neutral mediator is either selected by the parties or designated by the court, who will assist the parties in coming up with a resolution. The cost of this mediation is generally beared equally by the parties. If no resolution is achieved, the court is notified and your case will need to proceed to trial.
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Éminence grise, French for gray eminence, is the "true power behind the throne," i.e., a person who influences politics from behind, without being elected or appointed to a public office (or without having inhereted one in feudal societies).
The expression comes from the time of Cardinal Richelieu, who was the visible power in France of his era (more powerful than even the King of France).
The proper way to address a Cardinal is Your Eminence. Cardinals wear red robes, so Cardinal Richelieu was also known as "éminence rouge" (red eminence).
No matter how powerful Cardinal Richelieu may have been outwardly, he, as any good Catholic, regularly went to confession. His confessor was the Capuchin friar Père Joseph (i.e., Father Joseph). It was Père Joseph who had the power to forgive Cardinal Richelieu's sins. It was also Père Joseph whom Cardinal Richelieu consulted before making any important political decision. Indeed, it was Père Joseph who truly controlled Cardinal Richelieu and was, therefore, the true power in France.
Now, today Capuchins wear brown habits (religious garb). But at the time of Père Joseph they were still wearing gray habits. Hence, Père Joseph was known as the gray eminence, and that nickname stuck along for centuries to describe the true power behind power.


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Digital Solutions: The EU's FENIX project – a platform for more efficient and climate-friendly logistics chains
FENIX = Federated European Network of Information eXchange in LogistiX
Development of a European federated architecture for data sharing serving the European logistics community
- More transparency through real-time information
- Standardized interfaces for ETA, etc.
- Innovative software modules (SDK) from the cloud
- Intermodal transport solutions within EU guidelines
Development, testing and validating practice-relevant services, e.g.:
- Container arrival times (ETA)
- Digitization of customs systems
- CO2 monitoring
- Overcome the fragmented goods transportation causing economic bottlenecks in the EU member states
- Harmonize and optimize cross-border logistics along selected European transport corridors
- Establish ICT standards for seamless communication of cargo flow addressing all modes of transport
Partners with profound market knowledge develop an architecture for a collaborative IT environment bringing together logistics information systems on an operational level
Achieving more together: international collaboration
How can international corporations put sustainability strategies into practice across borders? Deutsche Telekom employs CR managers for the relevant business segments and national companies to reach this goal. They use the CR Manager Network to regularly share best practices and discuss new challenges, thereby jointly promoting essential CR issues. The central Group Corporate Responsibility (GCR) department is responsible for managing the network. In the year 2021, the CR Manager Network encompassed more than 100 CR Manager from 34 subsidiaries based in 20 countries across the globe.
The participants are regularly invited to virtual meetings and capacity building calls by Group Corporate Responsibility. In 2021, content and likely implications of the EU Green Deal were discussed as well as progress within the _TAG_ programs and the new strategic stream "Positive impact on society" defined by the EU segment. Furthermore, the network members could gain insights into issues like Impact measurement and the future of a greener mobility.
Together against conflict resources
Telekom has been supporting the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) since 2008. The RMI is the largest initiative in the economy for responsible raw material procurement. Its aim is to identify conflict raw materials and to prevent their extraction and trading with them. The RMI goes back to a working group founded in 2008 by the Global enabling Sustainability Initiative and Responsible Business Alliance for the sustainable extraction of raw materials. Since then, the number of metalworking and smelting companies that participate in the RMI has grown steadily.


Here at RedRabbit, we know exactly how time-consuming and tedious maintenance management can be. That's why we provide you with the tools to easily organise and track each maintenance ticket from logged to completed.
Dealing with maintenance requires a lot of communication to keep all stakeholders informed. With our maintenance dashboards, you can easily track what has been done on any ticket and have all your communication and documentation in one place.
Residential Property Maintenance can originate from the following sources:
 - Inspections
 - Issue reported by the Tenant
 - Preventive maintenance initiated by the Landlord
Each of the above maintenance events will require:
 - Consultation with the Landlord
 - Quotes for work to be done
 - Tasking of Contractors to do the agreed to Maintenance
 - Keeping all parties informed
 - Quality control to ensure that the job has been done properly
 - Managing of the workflow from start to finish ensuring closure on every issue
In most cases the Agent will act on behalf of the Landlord with the Landlord only being involved at certain stages of the process. Since this might differ from Landlord to Landlord, it is extremely important to calibrate and agree with the landlord on how the process will work and where the Landlord would want to be involved. Specifically the following needs to be agreed to:
 - Basic process workflow when a new issue needs to be managed
 - The types of maintenance that will require a quote vs just permission to attend on a call out basis.
 - The number of quotes that the Landlord would require.
 - The discretionary amount that the agent can spend to deal with emergency situations where he cannot get hold of the Landlord within a reasonable amount of time.
 - How quality control will be handled
 - How payment for work will be done (direct by the landlord or paid from the rent)
Dealing with Maintenance requires lots of communication to keep all stakeholders informed and it is extremely important to have a system in place that will make it easy to communicate via Email and / or SMS. Typical communication that might be required include the following:
 - Letting Landlords and Tenants know that a new issue has been logged
 - Letting Contractors know that a job card has been issued for their attention
 - Letting Tenants know when a Contractor has been tasked to attend to an Issue
 - Asking for quality feedback after receipt of confirmation from a Contractor that a job has been completed.
 - Keeping Landlords and Tenants updated on progress for larger jobs or where there are delays.
A good system will allow you to use templates to avoid having to retype the same messages over and over again. In addition Email threads related to the same job should preferably be saved in an email repository that will make it easy to see all related email with the click of a button.
From time to time, certain difficult maintenance situations will require special attention and it is always a good idea to discuss these upfront with the Landlord and how you intend dealing with them. Examples of these include:
Water Leaks – Slow leaks might not be detected above ground until the Landlord is confronted by a huge water account. This would then probably require leak detection to determine the exact location of the leak before it can be repaired. If the leak are on the municipal side of the water connection to the property, it might require a call to the municipality to deal with the issue. High water readings might also be caused by faulty water meters. This will require meter testing by the municipality. They would normally require you to pay upfront for the testing and will refund you if it turns out that the water meter is faulty. Dealing with these kinds of leaks is very frustrating and the cost involved when having to do leak detection or meter testing.
Process Tips when you receive a high water account and suspect a water leak:
 1. Close all water outlets on the property.
 2. Take a water meter reading.
 3. Wait an hour and take another meter reading. If there has been any usage even with all outlets closed, you have a water leak or defective water meter.
 4. Inspect your property above ground looking specifically for obvious signs of a water leak. If any of these are present, a concealed water pipe could be the source of the problem and you will need to get a plumber involved to locate and fix the leak.
 1. Wet areas above ground
 2. Damp and Paint peeling on walls
 3. Damp and stains on ceilings
 5. If after following the above process, there is still no obvious sign of where the problem is, you might have to get a Leak Detection company involved. They have specialised equipment that allows them to do a pressure test to locate the specific location of the leak.
 6. If there are still no obvious leaks, you might be dealing with a defective water meter and you will then have to log a call with the municipality to test the meter.
Blocked Drains -Traditionally blocked drains are the Tenant's responsibility with the following two exceptions:
 - If it can be proven within an agreed to grace period from taking occupation that the drain has been blocked when the tenant moved in
 - If it can be proven that the blocked drain is caused by a structural problem such as a pipe collapse or tree roots penetrating a pipe.
In order to reduce the emotional response when encountering the effects of a blocked drain, it will serve you well to implement the following countermeasures pro-actively:
 - Ensure that your Lease includes a clause stating what the grace period is for reporting blocked drains after which it should be the Tenant's responsibility.
 - Include as part of the in-going inspection that all toilets should be flushed, baths, basins and showers tested to see if the water runs away freely.
 - Specifically check for large damp areas outside that might point to outside drain problems.
Break-ins – Any break-in is an emotional issue and since it involves blatant intrusion into a tenant's private space, you can expect that questions will be asked about the general safety of the property. If the tenant does not have short term insurance, it will be an even bigger issue since it will now involve money.
In order to be prepared should this happen to you, you can consider the following:
 1. Identify security related issues and shortcomings upfront when you list the property and advise the Landlord on how to make the Property as secure as possible by adding burglar bars, security gates, fencing, alarm systems, etc.
 2. Ensure that your Lease contains a specific clause stipulating that the Tenant is responsible for his / her own short term insurance.
 3. Have an emergency number and process available that can see the Tenant over in terms of ensuring their safety until the necessary maintenance has been done to fix broken doors and windows.
Leaking Roofs – This is one of the most problematic issues since it is so unpredictable. A roof might not leak for many years and then suddenly the wind blows from a unique direction and with enough force to penetrate and expose a weakness. Many tenants can be very unreasonable when it comes to roof leaks and might demand that it be fixed immediately. The problem is that roof leaks can only be fixed reliably when the roof is dry.
You can prepare for this by considering the following:
 1. Make a point to explain the issues associated with roof leaks to the Landlord and specifically ask about potential roof leaks and if possible, get them fixed before the tenant takes occupation.
 2. Ensure that the Tenant has short term insurance and that any such sort term insurance covers resultant water damage from leaking roofs, etc.
 3. When a roof leak is reported, explain to the tenant that it can only be fixed when the roof had time to dry out. Ask the tenant to temporarily move furniture that might be affected in order to avoid unnecessary resultant damage.
 4. Make sure that you have a reliable Contractor who specialises in Leaking Roofs and that you understand the process. There is nothing more frustrating having to deal with the same leak over and over again as a result of an incompetent contractor.
Wear and Tear Issues – these issues mostly relate to the upkeep of the basic structure and involves the walls, roof structure and ceilings, window and door frames, etc. If this kind of maintenance is not done, it can lead to huge costs and might even require complete replacement. In addition, if the structure is not good, you might have to be satisfied with a reduction in rent.
Wear and tear is the change or damage to the condition of a property that happens as a result of everyday use. It is not caused by abuse or neglect. Typical examples include:
 - Some scratches on a wooden floor
 - Color of carpet of hardwood fading due to sunlight exposure
 - Dirty Grout
 - Deterioration of paint or varnish condition on walls, windows and doors as a result of exposure to the elements
 - Cracked tiles resulting from structural movement
You should proactively avoid this at all cost. Considering the following:
 - Explain to the Landlord upfront what constitutes wear and tear.
 - Give the Landlord a condition report of times that might require regular preventive maintenance together with a 5 year schedule of when what needs to be done to keep the property (his asset) in tip top condition and worthy of the rental return he expects.
 - Provide the Landlord with a saving option whereby a small amount is taken from the rent every month and put in a savings account for the Landlord in order to provide funding for preventive maintenance.
Issues involving a Sectional Title Scheme
Many rental properties form part of a sectional title scheme which means that the Landlord is no longer responsible for all the maintenance issues associated with the Property.


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(Or "Multiple Master Font") A font that is a mixture of two or more other fonts.
A Multiple Master font is a single font containing from two to sixteen master designs (the current implementation limit). A weight factor specifies the contribution of each master design for the creation of a multiple master font instance.
A Multiple Master instance is a single interpolation of a multiple master font as created by a user or application.
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Nearby terms: multiple inheritance « Multiple Instruction Multiple Data « Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data « Multiple Master » multiple perspective software development » multiple value » Multiple Virtual Storage


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Alaina Mathers, often known as Amanda Scott, is a name that has been surrounded by curiosity and intrigue. As the adopted daughter of the iconic rapper Eminem, her life has been far from ordinary.
Alaina Mathers was born on May 3, 1993, in the United States. She is the daughter of Dawn Scott, the twin sister of Kim Scott, who was Eminem's on-again-off-again wife and the mother of his biological daughter, Hailie Jade. Eminem became a significant figure in Alaina's life when he adopted her in the early 2000s.
Growing up, Alaina faced the challenges and complexities of a blended family. With Eminem's fame reaching unparalleled heights during that period, the spotlight was often on their family, making it difficult for Alaina to lead a normal childhood.
Privacy and Identity
One of the most striking aspects of Alaina Mathers' life is her commitment to maintaining a low profile. Despite her connection to one of the world's most famous musicians, Alaina has consistently shied away from the public eye. This choice reflects her desire for a sense of normalcy and privacy that eluded her during her younger years.
She adopted the pseudonym "Amanda Scott" to distance herself from her famous adoptive father and the intense media scrutiny that came with it. This choice allowed her to live a life largely removed from the public spotlight, pursuing her personal goals and aspirations without the constant intrusion of the paparazzi and media outlets.
Empowerment and Education
Alaina Mathers has demonstrated a strong sense of independence and empowerment. She pursued higher education and graduated with a degree in public relations. Her decision to focus on her education and personal growth underscores her determination to build a life of her own, separate from her adoptive father's shadow.
Additionally, Alaina has been actively involved in charity work. She has supported various causes and organizations, often using her privacy as a means to contribute without drawing unwanted attention.
Reconciliation with Family
Despite the complexities of her family's history, Alaina Mathers has maintained a connection with her biological mother, Dawn Scott. Tragically, Dawn struggled with substance abuse issues, which eventually led to her untimely passing in 2016. Alaina's efforts to support her mother during her battles with addiction and her willingness to reconcile with her mother highlight her compassion and resilience.
Alaina Mathers, also known as Amanda Scott, has carved out a unique path in life. As the adopted daughter of Eminem, she faced the challenges of growing up in the spotlight but made a conscious choice to embrace privacy and empowerment. Her journey to maintain a sense of normalcy and independence is a testament to her strength and determination. In a world obsessed with celebrity culture, Alaina's decision to prioritize her education, charity work, and personal growth is a refreshing reminder that individuals can choose their own paths, even when born into extraordinary circumstances. While Alaina Mathers may forever be linked to Eminem, she has proven that she is more than just a famous last name—she is a symbol of resilience, empowerment, and the pursuit of a life lived on one's own terms.


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Maximo provides a facility whereby unlimited text may be associated with an attribute. This text…
Ever tried to connect your Maximo system with an external secured URL? By default, WebSphere is designed not to trust secured external URLs. It will only allow the connection if an administrator specifically instructs WebSphere to do so by importing the certificate into its Trust Store.
Here are some examples of where this may be useful:
- Connection to a GIS REST service for integrating GIS data with Maximo
- Connection to a secured Office 365 Email server
- Connection to a financial system, such as SAP, that uses secured APIs to communicate
- Connection to an SMS service for texting users when certain system events occur
… and there are many more.
Here is the message you may encounter:
BMXAA1477E - The connection failed to the HTTP handler for the endpoint. Review the error and server log files for information to indicate the cause of the issue, for example, incorrect properties in the DefaultHTTPExit.java handler class.
com.ibm.jsse2.util.j: PKIX path building failed: java.security.cert.CertPathBuilderException: PKIXCertPathBuilderImpl could not build a valid CertPath.; internal cause is:
java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: The certificate issued by CN=GlobalSign, O=GlobalSign, OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2 is not trusted; internal cause is:
java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Certificate chaining
Look familiar? Let's fix it.
- Log into WebSphere as an administrative user.
- Click on the Security > SSL Certificate and Key Management link in the left navigation pane.
- Click on the Related Items > Key stores and certificates link on the right side of the main pane.
- Click on the CellDefaultTrustStore item in the table.
- Click on the Additional Properties > Signer certificates link on the right side.
- Click on the Retrieve from Port button.
- Fill out the Host, Port and Alias fields. For example:
- Host: _URL_
- Port: 443
- Alias: _URL_
- Press the Retrieve signer information button. Ensure that the values seem reasonably correct (i.e. you don't get an error back.)
- Press the OK button.
- Click the Save to Master Configuration link.
- Press the OK button after the changes have been synchronized with all of the nodes.
At this point you'll need to restart Maximo, your node agents, and your deployment manager for the changes to take effect. From here forward, Maximo will now trust that URL and allow the connection.


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Writing characters that feel realistic can be a challenge. In today's video I give tips on how to make your character seem realistic within the context of your novel. I also provide a list of personality traits and physical traits that are commonly seen as unrealistic by readers.
- When characters don't feel realistic, it's normally because they have an overabundance of positive traits.
- Characters don't have to seem realistic in the sense that they could exist in reality. They just need to seem realistic or possible within the world of your novel.
- Internal consistency is another way to make characters feel more realistic. When the character traits, flaw, and motivation all work together, they create a cohesive and realistic whole.
Traits Commonly Seen as Unrealistic
It's okay to use some of these unrealistic traits so long as they are serving a function in the novel and are not included purely for the purpose of making the character seem better or idealistic.
Using several of these character traits could cause readers to dislike your character and could be seen as a red flag to agents and editors that a writer is an amateur. Of course this depends on how the traits are executed within the novel.
Character traits to use sparingly:
- An unusual appearance
- An extremely attractive appearance
- High contrast between the hair and skin (such as white skin and black hair, or black skin and blond hair)
- Unusual or unnatural eye colors, especially purple eyes.
- A normal appearance that is unnaturally mesmerizing
- Extreme skills or unique skills in a wide variety of areas
- Skills that were not learned
- Uselessness (no skills) yet is treated as valuable by other characters in a group
- An idealistic lifestyle (dates models, drives fast cars, lives in a mansion)
Questions to Ask About Your Novel
1.Does you protagonist have any unrealistic traits?
It's important for the character to seem realistic within the context of your novel. So long as your character has traits that he or she could have realistically learned, acquired, or been born with, then it's okay to have a unique or unusual character. But it's a good idea to avoid giving your character purple eyes or supermodel girlfriends just because it's cool.
2. Does your protagonist have any traits that could be better justified?
If your main character is a whiz with computers, where did he or she learn that skill? It can be very helpful to provide backstory that explains where skills came from. It's okay for the character to be highly skilled just because a topic interests them, but make sure to plant those seeds in the reader's mind early on. A character who suddenly busts out karate moves during the climax is not going to feel realistic.
If you have any questions about writing a realistic character, please post it in the comments below.
Comment Question: Have you read any characters that seemed too unrealistic to believe? What about them made them so unrealistic?
Workshop #1 critiques will be posted later today and every day next week. If you didn't get a chance to submit last week, the submission form is still open!
Want to connect with other Novel Boot Camp Participants?
For more writing tips, follow or subscribe:


Frequent question: How do i convert autocad files to lower?
How do I change the Save Settings in AutoCAD?
 1. Click Application button > Options.
 2. In the Options dialog box, click a tab and set options as desired.
 3. Save the settings: To save the settings and keep working in the dialog box, click Apply. To save the settings and close the dialog box, click OK.
How can I edit a DWG file without AutoCAD?
Draftsight is a Free DWG Editor for any version of AutoCAD file.
Where does AutoCAD save files?
AutoCAD will now use C:Drawings as a default folder for SAVE and OPEN operations as long as the modified shortcut is used to start it. Keep in mind that AutoCAD still remembers the last-used folder. Browsing to a different folder at any time will cause AutoCAD to go back to that same folder the next time.
How do I convert an AutoCAD drawing to PDF?
To convert your DWG file to PDF from AutoCAD:
 1. Open AutoCAD and click on the Autocad logo button then Open (or press Ctrl+O), browse for the dwg file you want to convert to PDF and click Open.
 2. You can print to PDF either from the Model view (your working area) or by using a predefined Layout.
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How do I change the default save location in AutoCAD?
On the Windows desktop, right-click the product shortcut icon and choose Properties. On the Shortcut tab, in the Start In box, enter the desired default folder path for opening or saving drawing files.
How do I fix AutoCAD saves?
AutoCAD: Save window not showing up
 1. Issue: Whenever saving something, the file path and information coming up in the command bar and no longer getting the dialog box showing up on the screen. Other dialogs are doing the same.
 2. Solution: Set FILEDIA to 1 by typing FILEDIA in command line.
 3. Products: AutoCAD Products;
 4. Versions: any_version;
Can I open a DWG file without AutoCAD?
Autodesk provides a freeware viewer program called DWG TrueView. In addition to opening DWG files, the software can also be used for plotting, creating PDFs, and converting from one DWG format to another. DWG TrueView can also be used to open, view, and plot DXF files.
How do I convert a DWG file?
 2. Choose the appropriate file format version.
 3. Click Convert.
Can DraftSight open AutoCAD files?
That's DraftSight. Really! Open your old AutoCAD files with no need to go through an export-import process. … You can save files in older DWG or DXF formats for them.
How many layers should a drawing have?
Layer 0 cannot be deleted or renamed to ensure that every drawing includes at least one layer. In general, you should always create several new layers with which to organize your drawing, rather than create your entire drawing on layer 0. These layers can be saved in a drawing template (a file with a.
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What is the keyboard shortcut for saving AutoCAD drawing?
Ctrl + S. You can use this keyboard shortcut to save a drawing file.
How do I recover an AutoCAD temp file?
AutoCAD has a built-in "Recover" command that can be used to recover the corrupt or damaged autosave file, as follows:
 1. Select menu File > Drawing Utilities > Recover.
 2. In the Select File dialog box (a standard file selection dialog box), enter the corrupt or damaged drawing file name or select the file.
Is AutoCAD viewer free?
How do I convert DWG to PDF for free?
How to convert DWG files to PDF online?
 1. Upload DWG-file. Click "Choose File" button to select a dwg file on your computer. DWG file size can be up to 50 Mb.
 2. Convert DWG to PDF. Click "Convert" button to start conversion.
 3. Download your PDF. When the conversion process is complete, you can download the PDF file.
How do I open a DWG file in Windows?
How to open a AutoCAD drawing
 1. Click File > Open > Browse.
 2. Next to the File name box, click the All Visio Files dropdown, and then select AutoCAD Drawing.
 3. Find the. dwg or. dxf file on your computer, and then double-click it to open it. The AutoCAD file will appear as a new Visio drawing.
Special Project


學術寫作上常誤用及誤解的字彙 U 為開頭的字彙 Common Mistakes in Academic English Writing: Words Beginning with the Letter U
誤解的字彙 U 為開頭的字彙
umbrella 及 parasol
umbrella (uhm BREL uh) (noun)
1. A device that is used for protection from the rain and sun consisting of a circle of fabric attached to a folding frame that is connected to a central pole or handle: "It is best to take an umbrella when you go out in the rain."
2. A group or organization that includes many smaller groups: "Several stores spread throughout the country are part of this umbrella corporation."
3. Something that includes several or many different things: "This umbrella policy that I have includes liability insurance, car insurance, and household insurance."
parasol (PAR uh sawhl", PAR uh sahl") (noun)
A light umbrella which can be used to protect oneself from the sun: "My mother gave me her parasol when I went on the summer picnic."
unexceptionable 及 unexceptional
unexceptionable (uhn" ik SEP shuh nuh buhl) (adjective)
Not likely to cause an objection or offense, but it is usually used to describe something that is good but not outstanding or excellent: "The work she did for the company was unexceptionable; however, she was able to keep her position because she was dependable and always showed up for work on time."
unexceptional (uhn" ik SEP shuh nuhl) (adjective)
Usually not good, interesting, etc.: "As an actress she was unexceptional, but as a singer, she had an exceptional voice."
uninhabited 及 uninhibited
uninhabited (uhn" in HAB i tid) (adjective)
Not lived in by people: "Too often there were those who broke into the uninhabited house down the street until it was torn down and replaced with a new restaurant."
uninhibited (uhn" in HIB i tid) (adjective)
Able to express thoughts and feelings freely: "He is often the center of attention because he is so very uninhibited while talking quite openly about his feelings."
unit 及 unite
unit (YOO nit) (noun)
1. A single thing, person, or group that is a part of something larger: "The basic unit of our society is the family."
2. A part of a hospital where a particular type of care is provided: "My father was put into the intensive care unit after having that bad accident."
3. A particular amount of length, time, money, etc., which is used as a standard for counting or measuring: "The Euro is the principal unit of Euopean currency."
unite (yoo NIGHT) (verb)
1. To join together to do or to achieve something: "The majority of students decided to unite to protest the increase of tuition for the upcoming semester."
2. To cause (two or more people or things) to be joined together and become one thing: "The couple wanted to unite in marriage last spring but couldn't because of the terrible car accident."
university 及 college
university (yoo" nuh VUR si tee) (noun)
An educational institution that offers courses leading to a degree: such as, a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree and where research is done: "He completed his degree in law at the University of California."
college (KAHL ij) (noun)
1. An educational place in the United States where a person may go after high school and which offers courses leading to a degree; such as, a bachelor's degree or an associate's degree: "He decided first to go to a college to get his bachelor's degree and then to do research for his doctoral degree at the university."
2. A school that offers advanced training in a specified subject: "She was so talented in art that she decided to go to an arts college."
urban 及 urbane
urban (UHR buhn) (adjective)
Of or relating to cities and the people who live in them: "As an architect she was involved in the development of the urban housing projects in the city."
urbane (uhr BAYN) (adjective)
1. Polite and confident; courteous and refined, as opposed to crude or coarse: "A diplomat must be urbane in order to do his job successfully."
2. Fashionable and somewhat formal: "During our vacation, we really enjoyed the urbane sophistication of the people we met."
usable 及 useful
usable (YOO zuh buhl) (adjective)
Capable of being used or in good enough condition to be used: "The antique coffee grinder was still quite usable and we utilized it to grind our coffee each morning for breakfast."
useful (YOOS fuhl) (adjective)
Helping to do or to achieve something: "It is quite useful to type texts on the computer because, for one thing, correcting mistakes is much easier."
誤解的字彙 U
V 為開頭的字彙
W 為開頭的字彙
X 為開頭的字彙


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ABEL: An interactive tool for probabilistic argumentative reasoning. Most formal approaches to argumentative reasoning under uncertainty focus on the analysis of qualitative aspects. An exception is the framework of probabilistic argumentation systems. Its philosophy is to include both qualitative and quantitative aspects through a simple way of combining logic and probability theory. Probabilities are used to weigh arguments for and against particular hypotheses. ABEL is a language that allows to describe probabilistic argumentation systems and corresponding queries about hypotheses. It then returns arguments and counter-arguments with corresponding numerical weights.
Keywords for this software
References in zbMATH (referenced in 2 articles, 1 standard article )
Showing results 1 to 2 of 2.
- Monney, Paul-André; Chan, Moses; Romberg, Paul: A belief function classifier based on information provided by noisy and dependent features (2011)
- Haenni, Rolf; Lehmann, Norbert: ABEL: An interactive tool for probabilistic argumentative reasoning (2003)


text:
Open the Genius Kids Account for your children – you will teach them to be responsible with their money and at the same time enable them to save advantageously. The Genius Kids Account is designed for children of up to 15 years of age. From age 8, children can withdraw their allowance from an ATM.
Benefits of the Genius Kids Current Account
- Opening, administration and cancellation for free.
- Fiscal education for the child with regard to the handling of the money.
- The money is not tied up with any termination period.
- Both parents can have the money on the account at their disposal, either together or separately.
Transactions and services
- Free cash deposits.
- One free cash withdrawal from MONETA Money Bank branch per month.
- Free withdrawals from MONETA ATM network. Withdraw maximally 2000 CZK per month.
- An advantageous interest rate of 2.50 % p.a. (with a balance of up to CZK 30,000) and 0.01 % p.a. (with a balance over CZK 30,000).
- A free Children's Maestro card designed solely for ATM withdrawals, with a monthly limit of up to CZK 2,000 (issued since the age of 8).
- Free PIN changes in the MONETA Money Bank ATM network.
- Internet bank Mini for accounts preview only – no active operations.
- Free e-statement sent to Internet Bank Mini.
On the child's 15th birthday, the account will automatically convert into an advantageous Genius Student account, with the same account number.
Open an Account with Us
- Leave us your contact information and our telephone banker will call you back at no cost and help you save on fees.
- You can also open a current account without waiting at any MONETA Money Bank branch.
Conditions for Obtaining the Account
The Genius Kids Account can be opened for children who have not yet turned 15. To open the account, the child's statutory representative must present:
- The child's birth certificate (if you have your child listed in your personal identification card, we do not require his birth certificate). In the case of a custodian, foster parent, or a guardian, we accept a court resolution.
- The personal identification card and another identification document (e.g., passport, driving licence, birth certificate) of the statutory representative. Foreign nationals shall present a passport and another identification document.
- A minimum deposit in the amount, as required by the applicable Interest Rate List.
Open an Account with Us
- Leave us your contact information and our telephone banker will call you back at no cost and help you save on fees
- You can also open a current account without waiting at any MONETA Money Bank branch


text:
We investigate microscopic structures of octupole correlations at high spin in superdeformed open-shell nuclei in the Gd-Dy region, using the random-phase approximation (RPA) based on the cranked shell model. The result of our calculation indicates that constructive interplay between rotation-aligned particle-hole (or two-quasiparticle) excitations and octupole vibra-tions is very important in determining octupole softness of superdeformed bands.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Mathematical Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics


text:
Prospective study to compare antibiosis versus the association of N-acetylcysteine, D-mannose and Morinda citrifolia fruit extract in preventing urinary tract infections in patients submitted to urodynamic investigation
AbstractBackground: The abuse of antimicrobical drugs has increased the resistance of microorganisms to treatments, thus to make urinary tract infections (UTIs) more difficult to eradicate. Among natural substances used to prevent UTI, literature has provided preliminary data of the beneficial effects of D-mannose, N-acetylcysteine, and Morinda citrifolia fruit extract, due to their complementary mechanism of action which contributes respectively to limit bacteria adhesion to the urothelium, to destroy bacterial pathogenic biofilm, and to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The purpose of this study was to compare the administration of an association of D-mannose, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Morinda citrifolia extract versus antibiotic therapy in the prophylaxis of UTIs potentially associated with urological mini-invasive diagnostics procedures, in clinical model of the urodynamic investigation. Methods: 80 patients eligible for urodynamic examination, 42 men and 38 women, have been prospectively enrolled in the study and randomised in two groups (A and B) of 40 individuals. Patients of group A followed antibiotic therapy with Prulifloxacine, by mouth 400 mg/day for 5 days, while patients of the group B followed the association of mannose and NAC therapy, two vials/day for 7 days. Ten days after the urodynamic study, the patients were submitted to urine examination and urine culture. Results: The follow up assessment didn't show statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of UTI. Conclusions: The association of mannose and NAC therapy resulted similar to the antibiotic therapy in preventing UTIs in patients submitted to urodynamic examination. This result leads to consider the possible use of these nutraceutical agents as a good alternative in the prophylaxis of the UTI afterwards urological procedures in urodynamics.
- Abstract views: 6357
- PDF: 2064
Copyright (c) 2017 Antonio Luigi Pastore
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


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Key design considerations for lifts and escalators in offices - part 3 lift design for the redevelopment of existing office buildings
Graham BarkerView bio
Part one covered lift design considerations affecting building layout and space take.
Part two covered making the right choices during lift design.
There are many key design considerations for lifts and escalators in offices which are consistent across all projects, in Part 3 we'll focus on lift design associated with the redevelopment and refurbishment of lifts and escalators in existing office buildings:
- The challenges of lift design for existing office buildings
- The importance of lift and escalator feasibility studies for existing offices
- Suitability of the existing office lift provisions
- Opportunities to increase building population density
- Escalator constraints
The challenges of lift design for existing office buildings
For new office developments, the vertical transportation design has the luxury of not being restricted by an existing structure. Instead, the key consideration is minimising the building area occupied by the lift cores and lobbies to maximise the net lettable area. Every square foot or metre given over to lift shaft is space that can't be leased to a tenant.
In an existing building, the cross-sectional area of the lift shaft is typically a restriction due to the significant structural works, and therefore costs, which would be needed to move lift shaft walls. Frequently existing building will be increased in height with the addition of extra floors, and the lift shaft extended. Similarly, lift shafts may be excavated to increase their depth, or to enable the lift to serve new basement levels.
In any case, the constraints of an existing building often increase complexity and require a slightly different approach to that applied to new build development.
The importance of lift and escalator feasibility studies for existing offices
In an existing building, the first action should be to engage a lift consultant to undertake a feasibility assessment which will identify restrictions or limitations imposed by the structure on any lift or escalator works, and determine the areas where challenges may exist complying with latest regulations and standards. In parallel with this, the lift consultant will consider the architect or developer's plans and pull all these inputs together to provide advice on realistic opportunities which will help in delivering the overall aims of the development.
The lift and escalator survey and feasibility assessment can often form part of the developer's due diligence when considering purchasing a property, with the lift consultant often surveying the existing lift provisions as part of the acquisition process providing advice on the feasibility of future vertical transportation modifications.
Some examples of challenges a lift consultant may face for existing buildings include:
- Addition of new lower floors, associated with the excavation of the lift pit
- Addition of new upper floors and extension of the lifts to serve them
- Extending existing lifts to serve what was previously the roof level to activate the roof
- Increasing the size or speed of lifts to improve the buildings lift capacity without structural modifications
- Change lifts to a machine room less arrangement to release the area previously occupied by machine room
- Assessment of options to extend the lifespan of the lift whilst minimising capital investment
- Replacement or refurbishment of aged escalators which are landlocked
The feasibility assessment will inform the developer if their plans are deliverable within the envisaged budget and programme. The long lead time and high capital costs associated with lift works can have significant impacts on the projects on-time and on-budget success if not correctly planned for from the start.
Suitability of the existing office lift provisions
In most existing office buildings, the key initial consideration regarding lifts and escalators will be the suitability of the equipment for the intended use, the remaining life span of the equipment, and any significant capital expenditure which will be needed.
Opportunities to increase building population density
Over time the way that offices are used has developed. And the theme over recent years has seen office population density increasing placing greater demand on the lift system. It is important to assess the potential for existing office buildings, and lift systems, to handle this increased building population and to ensure that lift waiting times will be acceptable. This is an area where your lift consultant can couple a lift performance measurement survey with lift traffic analysis simulation to assess the suitability or limitations of the existing equipment.
Taken to the next step, performance measurement of existing lift systems can also identify ways in which a lift system's performance can be improved – be it by tuning of the existing system, or through targeted lift modifications and upgrades to deliver enhanced lift system performance with minimal intervention or capital investment. In a recent project, performance measurement of the existing lifts identified minor adjustments which could be made to the setup of the existing lifts, delivering marked improvement in lift performance, allowing the lifts to achieve BCO compliance even though the occupancy of the building increased.
Escalators are usually inserted into a building as part of the building's construction sequence, often being installed before surrounding walls and floors.. An escalator in a need of refurbishment or replacement will need to be managed differently.
In this scenario there are generally three potential solutions:
- A complete replacement can be undertaken when the escalator can be removed and a new unit brought into the building. If the escalators are located adjacent to the building entrance, or in an atrium this replacement can be undertaken easily.. However, the further into the building an escalator is, the bigger the challenge becomes of removing it.
- Where removal is not an option, then refurbishment of the existing may be considered. The various wear components of the escalator are removed and either reconditioned or replaced with new.
- Over recent years the concept of 'in truss replacement' has been developed where the escalator internals are stripped out leaving only the structural escalator shell. Then through detailed surveying and design, a new escalator is engineered and manufactured to fit within the original structure.
Its fair to say that no two escalator projects are the same and each needs its own detailed assessment of the available options, which are a factor not only of the escalator equipment but more significantly of how the old and new escalator equipment can be brought to site.
Lift and escalator consultancy for office developments
There are many ways in which a lift consultant can help to improve the value and operation of office buildings, through the thoughtful specification of the vertical transportation equipment.
This series of blogs aimed to provide some thoughts, coupled with experience from previous projects, to assist with the reader's future building designs and the associated lift and escalator design considerations. To discuss in more detail please don't hesitate to contact the writer.


text:
Werner, J. (2020). The effect of reading literary fiction on theory of mind. The Young Researcher, 4 (1), 108-147.
Theory of Mind is the ability to make inferences about the mental states of others. A positive correlation was drawn between theory of mind and language. Studies have shown that reading literary fiction positively impacts Theory of Mind abilities in adults, but no research has delved into a focus on younger age groups. This study investigates whether reading literary fiction increases Theory of Mind abilities in children. A quasi experimental quantitative method was conducted using matched sampling. Paired T-tests were run to compare pre and post test scores. The results indicate that reading literary fiction may cause an increase in children's Theory of Mind abilities at least temporarily, emulating the effect it has in adults. This research is of relevance to the recent debates on the inclusion of fiction in school curriculums and emotional intelligence in business. Further research should be conducted to ensure a more representative population is tested; these findings can be used to inform future work in this area.
Keywords: Affective Theory of Mind (Theory of Mind), Cognitive Theory of Mind (Theory of Mind), literary fiction, emotional intelligence.


text:
Psychology professor co-authors study on tennis grunting effectsUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Posted: Oct 1, 2010
You've heard them at tennis matches – a loud, emphatic grunt with each player's stroke. A University of Hawai'i at Mānoa researcher has studied the impact of these grunts and come up with some surprising findings.
Scott Sinnett, assistant psychology professor at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, has co-authored a study on the potential detrimental effect that noise has on shot perception during a tennis match.
Sinnett's work was published today in an online issue of Public Library of Science ONE. He co-authored the study with Alan Kingstone, psychology professor at the University of British Columbia, to determine if it is reasonable to conclude that a tennis grunt interferes with an opponent's performance.
As part of the study, thirty-three undergraduate students from the University of British Columbia viewed videos of a tennis player hitting a ball to either side of a tennis court; the shot either did or did not contain a brief sound that occurred at the same time as contact.
Participants were required to respond as quickly and accurately as possible, indicating the direction of the shot in each video clip on a keyboard. The extraneous sound resulted in significantly slower response times, and significantly more decision errors, confirming that both response time and accuracy are negatively affected.
"This is the first study to look at the issue of grunting in tennis. Our current work is also looking at how advanced and professional tennis players perform, to determine if they have developed any strategies to limit the negative effects of a grunting opponent," said Sinnett.
While these findings must still be validated on the tennis court, Sinnett and Kingstone noted that these consequences on faster tennis surfaces, such as the grass courts of Wimbledon or hard courts of the Australian and U.S. Open, are likely to be profound.
For more information on the study, visit _URL_


text: ||The application of Rubbersoil-Primer to fill slope protection against rainfall infiltration was first initiated in 2004. The engineering properties of Rubbersoil-SB, Rubbersoil-LGM and Rubbersoil-Primer were studied by the former researcher and the capability of Rubbersoils in protecting loose fill slopes were justified by the rainfall model test and a full scale field test in Sau Kei Wan. This thesis serves as a continuation to investigate the function of Rubbersoil-Primer as an interface material for controlling the hydraulic conditions of loose fill slopes and the engineering properties of a new Rubbersoil ------ Rubbersoil-Impermeable Primer were investigated in this thesis. The mechanical and hydraulic properties of Rubbersoil-Primer and Rubbersoil-Impermeable Primer ranging from unconfined compressive strength, saturated and unsaturated permeability, soil water characteristics to confined and unconfined shrinkage were studied by a series of laboratory tests. The performances of Rubbersoil fill slope under hypothetical and real rainfall condition were examined by the rainfall model test, numerical simulation and a full scale field test in Tuen Mun. In light of the fact that the soil-water characteristic (SWCC) measures the water storage capacity of the soil under a given soil suction and it is an essential hydraulic parameter for computing transient seepage in unsaturated soils, an indirect and a direct test making use of MIP (mercury intrusion porosiometry) and modified pressure plate were conducted to determine the SWCC of Rubbersoil-Primer of various densities. The measured SWCC together with the generated permeability functions were used as an input parameters for simulating the transient seepage analysis. Parametric study on the influences of the density and the thickness of Rubbersoil-Primer, the angle of slope inclination and the rainfall pattern on the pore water pressure distribution were performed. The numerical simulation results show that the matric suction of the loose fill soil can be maintained with the use of Rubbersoil-Primer over the density range from 1300 kg/m3 to 1700 kg/m3 and the pore water pressure distribution is found to be insensitive to the thickness of Rubbersoil-Primer. The numerical modeling results suggest that there is a room for reduction to the original design density and thickness of Rubbersoil-Primer..It is also found that there is no significant change in the pore water pressure distribution with respect to the change in the fill slope inclination and the matric suction of the fill soil is maintained under a 10 hour black rain event as well as a real rainfall event which triggered the 1976 Sau Mau Ping landslide. The capability of Rubbersoil-Primer in protecting fill slope under rainfall infiltration was also assured by the physical rainfall model test and the full scale field test. The matric suction of the loose fill soil was maintained over a 2 hour intense rainfall in the rainfall model test. The lateral and vertical settlements of the fill slope in Tuen Mun Ching Lung Nursery over 1 year monitoring period were also found to be far below the alert level.


Commercialisation of quantum computing and communication research in Australia
Australian researchers are at the forefront of quantum information research and CQC2T is on a mission to support world-leading IP and create economic value in Australia. CQC2T's ultimate aim is to ensure that the Australian economy benefits from the full range of quantum information systems and industry solutions developed in Australia.
It is estimated that industries comprising approximately 40% of Australia's current economy could be significantly impacted by quantum computing. Possible applications include machine learning, scheduling and logistical planning, financial analysis, stock market modelling, software and hardware verification, climate modelling, rapid drug design and testing, and early disease detection and prevention.
The Centre is leading the charge to commercialise quantum computing and communication research in Australia, with several companies being launched in collaboration with government and industry including CQC2T partners Silicon Quantum Computing Pty. Ltd. and Quintessence Labs.
Australia's first Silicon Quantum Company
Silicon Quantum Computing Pty. Ltd. (SQC) is working to create and commercialise a silicon-based quantum computer based on world leading intellectual property acquired from the Australian Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology. SQC's goal is to develop a 10-qubit quantum integrated circuit prototype in silicon by 2022. In parallel the Centre of Excellence is working to design scalable architectures, with high frequency multiplexing and error correction.
SQC currently has parallel platforms for creating a silicon-based quantum computer using atomically engineered phosphorus donors, quantum dots using CMOS technology and hybrids.
SQC is owned by the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), Telstra, the University of NSW (UNSW) and the NSW State Government.
The Global Leader in Quantum Cybersecurity
Quintessence Labs has been a formal Partner Investigator of CQC2T since 2011.
Founded in 2008 in Canberra, Australia, QuintessenceLabs has commercialised quantum cyber-security solutions and is the global leader in this arena. QuintessenceLabs solutions combine centralised enterprise key and policy management, a high-speed quantum random number generator, with an integrated hardware security module, to deliver the strongest foundation for data protection. QuintessenceLabs is also at the forefront of the development of quantum key distribution.
The company has collaborated closely from a research perspective with the CQC2T nodes at the University of Queensland and Australian National University.


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Archive for Pinaglabanan
Author's Note: This article uses virtual reality technology to provide an immersive experience. Click the images to view the 360-degree VRs. Adobe Flash 10 or higher is required. Average VR size is 2.2Mb each.
June 19, 2011 marks the 150th birth anniversary of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal. As the nation joined hands in the celebration of Rizal's works, achievements, and sacrifice; and in tribute to other heroes who laid down their lives for the country, we take you in a virtual journey to re-discover the places and sites that are of importance to them – the National Shrines.
These were shot and produced with the assistance of National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), formerly National Historical Institute (NHI) in a span of about 6 months – from the ancestral home of Juan Luna in Badoc, Ilocos in the north, to Rizal's place of exile in Dapitan City, Zamboanga in the south.
It is the hope of the commission as well as the producers, that these sites be made accessible virtually to everyone, especially so to the youth and students of far flung provinces and those that just cannot physically visit the shrines and learn about its historical significance. Furthermore, by capturing the shrines in 360-degrees virtual reality, it also served as a means of documentation and conservation for future generations.
Enjoy the virtual tour!
VRs taken on January – June 2009. The author can be reached at: _EMAIL_


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Bento Nuno, Fontes Margarita
Rubrique:Histoire mondiale de l'énergie
Titre Ouvrage:The capacity for adopting energy innovations in Portugal : Historical evidence and perspectives for the future
Édition:Technological Forecasting and Social Change, available online 26 September 2015.
This paper investigates the speed of adoption of energy technologies in a traditionally innovation importing country, Portugal, as compared with countries where these technologies first started e.g. natural gas plants or wind turbines ; the rate of diffusion accelerates as the technology reaches Portugal ; relationship between extent and duration of diffusion is less marked in Portugal ; technological factors and structural requirements combined explain diffusion patterns.


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MIT researchers allow submarines and aircraft to communicate directly
MIT researchers have taken a step toward solving a long-standing challenge with wireless communication: direct data transmission between underwater and airborne devices. Their findings could have applications for the military, search and rescue, and marine research.
Today, underwater sensors cannot share data with those on land, as both use different wireless signals that only work in their respective mediums.
Radio signals that travel through air die very rapidly in water. Acoustic signals, or sonar, sent by underwater devices mostly reflect off the surface without ever breaking through. This causes inefficiencies and other issues for a variety of applications, such as submarine-to-plane communication and ocean exploration.
MIT Media Lab researchers have designed a system that tackles this problem in a novel way. An underwater transmitter directs a sonar signal to the water's surface, causing tiny vibrations that correspond to the 1s and 0s transmitted. Above the surface, a highly sensitive receiver reads these minute disturbances and decodes the sonar signal.
"Trying to cross the air-water boundary with wireless signals has been an obstacle. Our idea is to transform the obstacle itself into a medium through which to communicate," says Fadel Adib, an assistant professor in the Media Lab, who is leading this research. He co-authored the paper with his graduate student Francesco Tonolini.
The system, called "translational acoustic-RF communication" (TARF), is still in its early stages, Adib says. But it represents a "milestone," he says, that could open new capabilities in water-air communications.
Using the system, military submarines, for instance, wouldn't need to surface to communicate with aeroplanes, compromising their location. And underwater drones that monitor marine life wouldn't need to constantly resurface from deep dives to send data to researchers.
Another promising application is aiding searches for planes that go missing underwater. "Acoustic transmitting beacons can be implemented in, say, a plane's black box," Adib says. "If it transmits a signal every once in a while, you'd be able to use the system to pick up that signal."
The researchers hope that their system could eventually enable an airborne drone or plane flying across a water's surface to constantly pick up and decode the sonar signals as it flies over.


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How Tall is It? Measure Something Tall Without Climbing It
The most accurate way to measure something is using a tape measure, but some things are too tall (or too scary) to climb with a ruler. Try the different methods for the same tree and see how similar (or different) the results are. These examples are all about trees, but would work for buildings, telegraph poles and any other tall structures.
Bending OverGet an adult to walk away from a tree until they are just about able to see the top of the tree when they bend over and look through their legs. The distance they are from the tree is roughly the same as the height of the tree.
This works because an adult bending over and looking up at the top of the tree creates about a 45 degree angle. This creates a triangle where the base and the height are about equal – so the distance from the tree is about the same as the height of the tree.
Using ShadowsOn a sunny day, measure the length of a tree's shadow. Measure the length of the shadow of something of a known height (for example a person, a measuring stick or a pole). Divide the length of the tree's shadow by the length of the person, measuring stick or pole's shadow and then multiply it by the height of the person, measuring stick or pole – the answer is the height of the tree.
Using Shadows #2Stick a long stick in the ground (one or two metres tall if possible), and draw a circle around the base of it, so that the distance from the centre to the circle is exactly the same as the distance from the ground to the tip of the stick. When the tip of the shadow touches the edge of the circle, the length of the shadow is exactly the same as the height of the stick. Run to the tree and measure the length of the shadow – this will be the height of the tree.
Using a CameraSet up a digital camera on a tripod and get someone to stand next to a tree holding a measuring stick or a stiff tape measure, extended as far as possible (one to two metres long if available). Take a picture of the person and tree, with the tree taking up about half the height of the picture.
On a computer, use the manipulation tool to copy a rectangle exactly the same height as the measuring tape or stick and paste it a number of times up the side of the tree and see how many times the measuring stick or tape needs to be pasted to measure the height of the tree. Multiply this number by the height of the measuring stick or tape measure to get the height of the tree.
Using a StickChoose a stick that is exactly the same length as the distance from fingertips (arm fully stretched out) to eye. Hold the stick vertically (arm at full stretch) and walk away from the tree until the tree height is the same as the stick. Measure the distance to the tree – this is its height.
Tracking Tree GrowthPeople working in forestry use clinometers or theodolites to measure slopes and angles, and use these to calculate the height of a tree.
Keep a record of tree heights over a year – how quickly do they grow? Do different kinds of trees grow at different rates? Try measuring the girth (the distance around the trunk) as well – be careful not to damage the bark.


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Step 1: INGREDIENTS
-600g spinach (fresh or frozen);
- parmigiano (parmesan) to cover everything;
Step 2: MAKE THE STAFFING
-add the ricotta and salt (and if you want some grated parmesan);
Step 3: MAKE THE BESCIAMELLA
-add the flour, while you stir continuously;
-add the milk, while you stir continuously;
-cook on low fire until the besciamella become thick;
-add salt and nutmeg (I like to put a lot of it).
Step 4: MAKE THE CANNELLONI NOODLES
-mix the flour and the eggs in a bowl;
-make the noodles like for the lasagnas in the pasta machine and cut them in 25/30cm segments (start to make thicker noodles, than thiner one, until you make them in the thinest of the pasta machine regulation. Fold in half the noodles you make each time and pass twice for each regulation. Fold edges of noodles when not straight);
-place the lasagnas in a flat dish divided by some flour, so they don't stick to each other.
(Please look at the photos too or I will need to take an english class!)
Step 5: COOK THE NOODLES
-cook the noodle in the boiling water for half minute or one minute (three out of a time);
-pull them out, let them drain and place them in a flat dish and oil them before add more noodle on top.
The noodle should be cook really "al dente".
Step 6: PREPARE THE PAN
-pure some besciamella on the bottom.
Step 7: FORM THE CANNELLONI
-roll in to a tube: the cannelloni shape (cut away left over);
-place them in the pan, using all the space.
Step 8: DO THE TOPPING
-cover with a lot of parmesan.
Step 9: BAKE
Grill on the top the last 5 minutes to "gratin" them.
Step 10: DONE
(You can prepare with the same ingredient some really good vegetarian lasagne, adding at each layer both the filling and the beciamella).


Dose and time dependence of box jellyfish antivenom
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2014 Aug 12;20:34. doi: 10.1186/_PHONE_-34. eCollection 2014.
Background: The effectiveness of the currently available box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) antivenom has been subject of debate for many years. To assess whether the box jellyfish antivenom has the ability to attenuate venom-induced damage at cellular level, the present study analyzed the dose and time dependence of the antivenom in a cell-based assay.
Methods: Different doses of antivenom were added to venom and subsequently administered to cells and the cell index was measured using xCelligence Technology (ACEA Biosciences). Similarly, antivenom and venom were incubated over different time periods and cell survival measured as stated above. For both experiments, the cell index was plotted as a measure of cell survival against the dose or incubation time and significance was determined with the use of a one-way ANOVA with a LSD post hoc test.
Results: Increasing concentrations of antivenom significantly augmented cell survival, with a concentration of approximately five times the currently recommended dose for human envenomation, causing the first significant increase in cell survival compared venom alone. Further, cell survival improved with increasing incubation time of venom and antivenom prior to addition to the cells, indicating that box jellyfish antivenom requires approximately 70 minutes to neutralize C. fleckeri venom.
Conclusion: The presented results suggest that the currently recommended dose of antivenom requires adjustment, and more importantly, a human trial to test the effects of higher concentrations is also necessary. Further, antivenom has delayed neutralizing effects (i.e. after 70 minutes) which underlines the eminence of immediate and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in victims suffering from a C. fleckeri venom-induced cardiovascular collapse.
Keywords: Antivenom; Chironex fleckeri; Dose–response curve; Venom.


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I do not have any background on economics. So my question might sound too simple and I hope it to be clear enough. I am curious about the following:
Is there any formal definition of a relationship between resource availability and demand? Intuitively I would expect that resource shortage, demand would increase. But this is not expected by the law of demand, assuming that the price of the resource would increase. Am I confusing something here?
Thank you, best
EDIT 1: _USER_ Thank you for your answer. _USER_ and _USER_ thank you for your contributions. They were very useful to understand these concepts deeper. I was reading a little more about this and I wonder if the concept of scarcity is instead better applied here. I reformulate my question:
(1) does supply-induced scarcity implies that demanded is greater than supply?
(2) what is the correlation between supply-induced scarcity and quantity demanded?
EDIT 2: To be more clear, I understand that scarcity does not necessarly refer "to whether a good is in shortage or surplus, nor to whether there are only a few or whether there are many". That is to say that scarcity is not the same as availability. Instead, scarcity "refers to the possible existence of conflict over the possession of a finite thing" (_URL_ The scarcity of a good (or a resource) happens when supply is not sufficient to meet the demand. "Supply-induced scarcity occurs when environmental degradation, pollution, natural variation or a breakdown in the delivery infrastructure constrains or reduces the total supply or local availability of a specific resource. As the supply of natural resources is reduced, options for pursuing productive livelihood strategies are undermined, potentially creating competition between livelihood groups." (_URL_ That is, supply-induced scarcity is correlated with the resource availability.
Now concerning the questions (1) and (2), it seems reasonable to say that in circumstances of supply-induced scarcity, when a decrease on the availability of a resource happens, because supply is not sufficient to meet the demand, the quantity demanded is higher than in circumstances closer to equilibrium. Does this make sense to you?
Now returning to my original question:
Is there any formal definition of a relationship between resource availability and demand?
I do not know how to answer it. But taking into account the conclusions above it seems plausible to say that there is a relationship between resource availability and quantity of demand (instead of demand): in circumstances of supply-induced scarcity the quantity of demand may increase.
What do you think?


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Anthropometric Predictors of Concentric Hip, Knee, and Ankle Work During a 5x5 Conventional Deadlift Routine
The deadlift is one of the most commonly performed exercises to strengthen the lower body, as well as one of the main lifts in powerlifting and strongman competitions. However, literature exploring the deadlift exercise and its variations remains quite limited compared to other popular exercises like squats and bench press. PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to determine if there are relationships between anthropometric characteristics (arm length, torso length, thigh length, and shank length) and hip, knee, and ankle joint angular concentric work during a 5 sets of 5 repetitions (5x5) conventional deadlift (CDL) routine. METHODS: Eleven resistance-trained males who had experience with the deadlift exercise completed this study (21.5 ± 1.4 years, 180.7 ± 5.7 cm, 89.9 ± 16.0 kilograms). Limb lengths were measured by a 3-D optical scanner (Size Stream®). After completing a warm-up that consisted of 5 minutes of cycling at a self-selected pace and 2-3 minutes of lower body exercises (e.g., bodyweight squat and walking lunges), the subjects started deadlifting. Subjects performed warm-up sets of the deadlift exercise while self-selecting their repetitions and incrementally increasing weight during each warm-up set by ~10-20% until reaching a weight that they corresponded to an RPE of 8 on a Borg Category-Ratio (CR-10) scale. The subjects then underwent a 5x5 deadlift workout using the selected load, with 2-to-5 minutes of rest between sets. Joint angular work was assessed via a three-dimensional 12-camera Vicon motion capture system (200 Hz) and two force platforms (1000 Hz). Outcomes were averaged across sets 1-through-5 and analyzed using multivariate regression and relative importance analysis in the R software. RESULTS: Together, the predictors from the multivariate regression model did not correlate with hip (p = 0.75; R2 = 0.24; R2adj = -0.26), knee (p = 0.99; R2 = 0.05; R2adj = -0.59), or ankle (p = 0.11; R2 = 0.67; R2adj = 0.45) concentric work. Independently, the only predictor variable that correlated with any of the outcome variables was thigh length, which was a predictor of ankle concentric work (p = 0.03). In this model, thigh length accounted for 37% of the variance in ankle concentric work. CONCLUSION: This preliminary research suggests that some gross anthropometric predictors may not explain hip, knee, or ankle joint concentric work during a 5x5 CDL routine. However, given the small sample size and exploratory nature of this work, the findings should be viewed as tentative until future research investigates the relationships between anthropometrics and deadlift mechanics.
Keith, Dale S.; Scherrer, Daniel; Nunley, Brandon; Harry, John R.; and Tinsley, Grant M.
"Anthropometric Predictors of Concentric Hip, Knee, and Ankle Work During a 5x5 Conventional Deadlift Routine,"
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 2:
13, Article 26.
Available at: _URL_
Health and Physical Education Commons, Medical Education Commons, Sports Sciences Commons


Exercise 14.10 - Sucrose Density Fractionation
Figure 14.2 Sucrose gradient distribution of RNA
 1. Refer to Chapter Three for details of fractionation, and form a 10-40% linear sucrose gradient in a nitrocellulose tube.
 2. Dissolve the RNA in 0.02 M sodium acetate solution to yield a final concentration of 250 µg/ml. The low pH of the solution helps to inhibit RNAse, while the salts will keep the RNA from forming large polymeric aggregates. 10
 3. Carefully layer 2.0 ml of the dissolved RNA onto the top of a sucrose gradient. This should be done by slowly allowing the solution to run down the side of the tube and onto the gradient. Be careful not to disturb the gradient.
 4. Load the ultracentrifuge with the prepared tubes and centrifuge for the equivalent of 18,700 RPM for a Beckman SW27 rotor, for 20 hours at 4° C (Refer to Appendix F).
 5. At the completion of centrifugation, remove the tubes and fractionate the contents into 1.0 ml fractions.
 6. Using a UV spectrophotometer 11 and microcuvettes, read the A_2_6_0 of each fraction. Calculate the amount of RNA in each fraction.
 7. Plot the concentration of RNA in each fraction against the fraction number. Based on the density of sucrose in each fraction, compute the density of the RNA in that fraction. Based on the relative size (greater density) of the RNA, determine the nature of the fractions (i.e. rRNA, tRNA).
Return to Table of Contents
Cell Biology Laboratory Manual
St. Peter, MN 56082 -- _EMAIL_


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Medical & Clinical Psychology: Laboratory of Cognitive Interventions
The Laboratory of Cognitive Interventions (LOCI) examines the cognitive processes or biases associated with drug use and relapse. Once these cognitive biases are identified, cognitive retraining interventions are developed to target (reduce) these cognitive biases. Cognitive retraining interventions, such as attentional retraining, can be delivered in the laboratory or using mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or Smartphones. Currently the laboratory is examining the efficacy of an attentional retraining intervention for smoking cessation delivered on a Smartphone. The laboratory is also investigating the utility of mindfulness-based interventions and pharmacological interventions that improve cognition. Ultimately, cognitive interventions might be delivered on a Smartphone when the individual is most in need of the intervention (EMI, Ecological Momentary Intervention).


Yard and Garden: Plants for Shady Areas
AMES, Iowa — If planning for next year's garden includes finding new plants for shady areas, consider the recommendations of Iowa State University Extension and Outreach horticulturists while paging through and ordering from garden catalogs this winter. The horticulturists also answer questions that come to Hortline, Iowa State's horticulture hotline. Reach Hortline by calling _PHONE_ or emailing _EMAIL_.
What are some good annuals for shady garden areas?
Annuals that can be successfully grown in shady areas include wax begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum), impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), lobelia (Lobelia erinus), coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides), wishbone flower (Torenia fournieri) and pansy (Viola x wittrockiana).
Which perennials grow well in shady locations?
Perennials that are good choices for partially to heavily shaded locations include black snakeroot (Actaea racemosa), red baneberry (Actaea rubra), lady's mantle (Alchemilla mollis), astilbe (Astilbe spp.), Japanese painted fern (Athyrium niponicum var. pictum), heartleaf brunnera (Brunnera macrophylla), bleeding heart (Dicentra spp.), Hakone grass (Hakonechloa macra), hosta (Hosta spp.), crested iris (Iris cristata), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), creeping phlox (Phlox stolonifera), Jacob's ladder (Polemonium caeruleum), lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.), celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) and toad lily (Tricyrtis spp.)
What are some good native perennials for a shady site?
When selecting plants for the shade garden, one group of plants that is often overlooked are native woodland wildflowers. Since they are native to the state, woodland wildflowers are well adapted to the area. They are easy to grow and perform well when given a favorable environment.
Native woodland wildflowers that make good additions to the home landscape include wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), goat's beard (Aruncus dioicus), Canadian wild ginger (Asarum canadense), Dutchman's breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), shooting star (Dodecatheon meadia), false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum), Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica), woodland phlox (Phlox divaricata), May apple (Podophyllum peltatum), Solomon's seal (Polygonatum biflorum), bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), trillium (Trillium spp.), merrybells (Uvularia grandiflora) and others.
Obtaining plants is easy. Woodland wildflowers are readily available at garden centers and mail-order nurseries. Do not remove plants from natural woodland areas.
What are some good groundcovers for shade?
Excellent groundcovers for shade include bugleweed (Ajuga spp.), wild ginger (Asarum canadense and A. europaeum), barrenwort (Epimedium spp.), sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), hosta (Hosta spp.), yellow archangel (Lamium galeobdolon), spotted deadnettle (Lamium maculatum), creeping lily-turf (Liriope spicata), Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.), foam flower (Tiarella cordifolia) and vinca (Vinca minor).
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