text:
The big picture of Nebraska's water supply is missing as the state attempts to manage water conflicts and set regulatory policies. Instead, Nebraska needs to inventory its total water supply and identify where that water goes before determining the highest-priority consumptive uses.
That's the premise behind Nebraska's newest water organization — the Nebraska Water Balance Alliance. Nebraska's rural electric utilities, irrigation interests primarily from the western part of the state, and others formed the NEWBA last fall and continue to inform Nebraskans about its objectives.
Roric Paulman, a Sutherland farmer, irrigator and adopter of many of the latest equipment and crop technologies, is the group's vice president. He believes the state lacks a long-term water planning process.
At a glance
- New group seeks to be a voice in Nebraska's water policy.
- Nebraska's total water supply should be considered, alliance says.
- Reducing low-priority consumptive uses is one goal.
"The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources and the state's natural resources districts must be focused on complying with today's legislative requirements for surface and groundwater, but the broader perspective of enhancing our water supply long-term is missing. NEWBA wants to bring everyone together to address long-term opportunities as part of a state water budgeting concept."
Frank Kwapnioski, formerly with Nebraska Public Power District and now an NEWBA consultant, says, "We can't focus on irrigation as the sole problem and the sole solution. A complete water balance system is vital to understand water use before we try to manage it."
The alliance is not an attempt to avoid regulations, the group's members say. "We fully understand the need for compliance and regulation, but we need better answers to move forward," he says.
Kwapnioski uses the following numbers to make NEWBA's case:
- About 93 million acre-feet of water, on average, comes annually in the form of precipitation, rain and snow.
- About 2 million acre-feet of water, on average, arrives annually as surface water from other states, to create an annual water supply of 95 million-acre feet.
- About 8 million to 9 million acre-feet of water leave the state as surface water outflow, leaving about 80 million to 85 million acre-feet that is consumed within Nebraska.
- Only about 16% to 17% — 8 million acres — of the total land area in Nebraska is irrigated. Supplemental irrigation consumes only 5% to 10% of the 83 million to 87 million acre-feet of consumption.
- More than 80% of the state's overall water supply is consumed through evaporation and transpiration from dryland crops, grasses, trees and invasive species, as well as streamflow out of the state, he says.
These numbers are averages, he adds, and don't consider the huge precipitation variability from year to year and geographically across the state, and this water supply variability should be managed.
For instance, Kwapnioski says that flooding is possible along the Platte River system this spring with Rocky Mountain snowpack 130% of normal, which already has necessitated early releases from an already-full Lake McConaughy.
A water balance approach, he says, rests on three legs:
- Inventory and understand the water system. "If we don't know how it works, how can we sustain it?" he asks.
- Identify the least beneficial consumptive uses and, if necessary, switch those uses to higher priorities.
- Provide conjunctive management that recognizes surface and groundwater coexist and that one can be used to supplement the other.
In the case of curtailing evaporation, no-till and reduced tillage can save roughly 2 inches per acre, which would total 1.3 acre-feet over 8 million acres of irrigated agriculture and result in additional recharge to the aquifer.
Sustaining the state and local economies is another priority for NEWBA.
"We can continue to eliminate irrigated acres [through mitigation and buyout pro-grams], but that may cause economic harm to the individual, the community and state, and likely will have little effect on streamflow," Kwapnioski says. "Changing the farmland of the Republican Basin to highly efficient dryland crops with improved water management techniques could lead to reductions in streamflow to Kansas."
Water management opportunities
The water balance alliance has not outlined specific management practices but offers some general suggestions:
- off-stream storage to capture water in times of excessive streamflows, plus use of existing surface-water systems to hold excessive streamflows
- reducing evaporation in the 1.5 billion to 2 billion acre-feet of water in Nebraska's aquifer system
- augmentation wells to pump this additional recharge water from the aquifer to supplement streams in times of need
- increased use of ag technologies, including no-till and irrigation management tools, to save irrigation water
- control of evasive species to reduce non-beneficial water consumption
For more information, go to _URL_.


text:
Certain fields in the Coordination Issues tool can be configured as required, optional, or hidden. For example, if you want to make a date required, or hide a section that is not relevant to you and your team, you can configure these preferences in the Company level Admin tool and then apply them to one or more projects. See Create New Configurable Fieldsets.
The table below details which of the Coordination Issues tool's default fields can be configured for projects:
- A GREEN checkmark indicates the field can be configured to this setting.
- A RED 'x' indicates the field cannot be configured to this setting.
- A field name in GRAY italics indicates the field cannot be configured from its default setting.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Planets and Stars - Poster - Bedroom
Space Maps
Having a universal theme as your focal point can be of great advantage, not just in terms of visual appeal, but also as talking point and reflection of your ideals. As children, we weRead morere told about how we should always reach for the stars and follow our dreams! Photowall's first-rate collection of space maps posters allows you to retain or strengthen that feeling. Stars have always been linked with inspiration, peace and meditation. Our array of space maps posters can bring these traits straight into your home, office or recreational space. You can look up to the sky and dream, but also onto your walls where these motifs can generate maximum visual interest, weight and impact. Alter your selected space maps posters to suit your interior design, colour schemes and any other decorative elements you want to mix or match with.
The stars of space maps posters
Ever since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the sky for the presence of the sun, the stars or moon, with various cultures interpreting these celestial bodies in different connotations. They have acted as the link between civilizations and their gods, as well as a working calendar. This ancient obsession is already part of man's nature, which is why space maps posters are the ideal tool to capture that allure and the beauty of the sky up above us. Whether or not you are feeling inspired to learn about the wonders of the sky, the solar system, and all the science behind it, space maps posters is the decoration tool you have been searching for. The collection contains works of art that shine a more creative light on these wonders of the natural world. Just check out something like Planets and Stars. This space maps poster might look simple but the detail is so intricate that will discover something new every time you lay your eyes upon it.
To galaxies far, far, away
Space is incredibly mysterious and beautiful, but its marvels are so far away that we often neglect and forget they are even there. Bring some of the most fantastic galaxies and constellations in the universe right into your home with our collection of space maps posters, which include not only the famous Andromeda galaxy and the Orion nebula, but so many more. We have all learned about the order of the planets in school and thus our enchantment with the interstellar began at a very young age, but the learning does not need to stop there. You can always learn more with space maps posters! An example is the item titled Solar System - Explore, a perfect educational tool that teaches you exactly how big each planet is relative to the others and how they orbit the sun, amongst other things. Acquiring knowledge can be fun and with Photowall's space maps posters, it can all be done from the comfort of your armchair!
The essence of space maps posters
If you are looking for a reason to put up space maps posters in your home, office or any other space you are looking to spruce up and beautify, just think of one thing that has bewildered mankind since the beginning of time. No matter where you are from, where you grew up, we all have looked up to the stars and wondered what is up there. We have dreamed of strange civilizations and wondrous sights in the vast cosmos. You can bring that sense of astonishment home with amazing items from our space maps posters collection. Your children will be thankful in particular as we have plenty of child-friendly and affable space maps posters on hand. Take a look at Solar System Planets, which can be the perfect decor in your child's bed or study room.
Product information
 - Showing 1-11 of 11 motifs
Fast delivery
100% guarantee


text:
In Power BI, Top N and Bottom N are often displayed using a visual level filter and two visuals, respectively. As a result, we can only show one item at a time on top or bottom N. But, if the situation asks for slicer selection to be used to dynamically change how top and bottom N are shown in a single visual at simultaneously. DAX can help us accomplish this scenario. Let's look at how we can visualize this situation.
1. Create a measure like Total Quantity to display the total number of orders.
Total Order = COUNT(order details[order_id])
2. Create a table and generate a series in that table by using the below Dax which will be used for slicer selection.
Slicer = (GENERATESERIES(1,10))
3. Now create a measure that will be used on the visual level filter to display Top and Bottom N both in a single visual at the same time.
Top Bottom =
Var TopX= SELECTEDVALUE(Slicer[Value Selection])
Var TopRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,DESC)
Var BottomRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,ASC)
Unleash the Potential of Power Platform With a Center of Excellence
Business innovation often comes from within. Discover how to empower innovation from non-traditional developers with the Microsoft Power Platform.
Explanation: In the above measure
- In TopX we are taking the values which are there in the column which we created for slicer selection.
- In TopRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Descending order.
- In BottomRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Ascending order.
- Then in Result, we are putting the Condition that if TopRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as 1, and if BottomRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as -1 else give blank.
- Then we are returning the Result.
4. Now place the column in the slicer from the table in which we generated the series.
5. Now take the bar chart on canvas and drag the total orders in the value section and pizza names on X-axis and Place the Top Bottom measure in the Visual level filter, select is not blank, and apply the filter.
6. Now we want to display top orders in green and bottom orders in red then we can give conditional formatting to the visual. We need to make a measure and place it in the data color function.
Measure:> Color = SWITCH(TRUE(),
That's how we can display Top and Bottom N both in Single Visual at the same time in Power BI.
Nice blog!!! Anshika


API GetFrameCPUUsage
102,291pages on
this wiki
WoW API < GetFrameCPUUsage
Returns the total time used by and number of calls of a frame's event handlers.
time, count = GetFrameCPUUsage(frame[, includeChildren])
Arguments Edit
(frame[, includeChildren])
Frame - Specifies the frame.
Boolean - If false, only event handlers of the specified frame are considered. If true or omitted, the values returned will include the handlers for all of the frame's children as well.
Returns Edit
time, count
Number - The total time used by the specified event handlers, in milliseconds.
Number - The total number of times the event handlers were called.
Details Edit
The values returned are just the sum of the values returned by GetFunctionCPUUsage(handler) for all current handlers. Which means that it's not per-frame values, but per-function values. The difference is that if for example an OnUpdate handler is used by two frames A and B, and, say, B:OnUpdate() is called, both A and B get blamed for it.
It also means that if a frame's handlers change, the CPU used by the previous handlers is ignored, because only the current handlers are considered.
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text:
Definitions for key money
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word key money
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
advance rent or security required of a new tenant in exchange for the key to an apartment or house.
money paid, usu. secretly, to a landlord, superintendent, or current tenant by a person desiring future occupancy.
Origin of key money:
Key money is one of several forms of payment made to a landlord. The term has various meanings in different parts of the world. It sometimes means money paid to an existing tenant who assigns a lease to a new tenant where the rent is below market. It sometimes means a bribe to a landlord. In other parts of the world, it is used synonymously with normal security deposits, which are used to cover nonpayment of rent and excessive damage to a rental unit.
Find a translation for the key money definition in other languages:
Select another language:


Best Watering and Feeding Tips for a Caribena Versicolor
Native to the island of Martinique, the natural habitat of the Caribena Versicolor are lush green forests and banana plantations, where there is a hot and humid climate all year round. When trying to care for this pet, it can be challenging to find accurate information.
Pet owners may be confused by contradictory facts and statements, leading to them incorrectly handling their pets. Hence, before you decide you want to adopt a Caribena Versicolor, or if you already have one with you, learn more about them to find out how you should care for them.
Suitable Cage Conditions for Your Tarantula
When it comes to cage conditions and humidity requirements, it is challenging to find reliable information. Many swear that a hot and humid condition is all that this tarantula needs to survive, while others stress the need for good ventilation. So, as a new pet owner, it may be challenging for you to ascertain the right cage condition for your tarantula.
While humidity and warm temperature can help this tarantula grow faster, it is best to be careful not to keep your tarantula in overly hot or moist conditions. A well-ventilated cage is required for your tarantula to stay happy.
Just like with most tarantulas, the Caribena Versicolor also does well when kept in room temperature conditions, that is, between 60 F to mid-80 F (20-29 C). To meet the humidity requirements, you can keep a small water bowl in their cage or lightly spray the substrate to dampen it from time to time.
What Should You Feed Your Tarantula?
Small slings prefer pre-killed prey; you can use pinhead crickets, red runner nymphs, or segmented mealworms.
Juvenile and adult tarantulas can handle bigger prey and often love to subdue their prey before eating them. However, depending on the feeder you are using, ensure that it is no bigger than your tarantula.
You can use medium to large-sized mealworms and red runner nymphs, and some medium-sized cockroaches can also be used for this purpose. Some people even feed super worms to their tarantulas. However, supervise the feeding in such cases to ensure that the super worm does not burrow itself in the substrate and attack your tarantula later. Since super worms can bite, it is better to crush their head before using it as a feeder.
For slings, ensure that the feeder is not more than 2/3rds the size of their body. You can drop the feeder onto their webbing or near the opening of their burrow. Adult tarantulas will jump on their prey as soon as they sense them, so it is not an issue.
You can feed your younger tarantulas twice a week, and for adults, you can keep it to once a week or once every ten days. However, it is best to observe your tarantulas to determine their appetite and build an eating schedule.
What Are the Water Requirements of Your Tarantula?
There is a misconception that tarantulas do not need water. But, if you keep a water bowl in your pet's enclosure, you will find that they do use the water bowl occasionally.
Sometimes, it can be challenging for pet owners to find a water bowl that is small enough for an enclosure. In such cases, you can shift your tarantula to a bigger enclosure or find alternative ideas such as using clean tattoo ink pots or inverted Lego bricks as water bowls. You can also keep a live plant inside your tarantula's cage.
Spraying the side of their cage with a mist spray may also do the trick for spiderlings or smaller tarantulas. They can drink the water droplets and stay sufficiently hydrated!
Tarantulas need some special care and attention to keep them happy. However, they are not as high maintenance as other pets out there! It can be challenging to find reliable information sources for tarantulas. Hence, you should always seek advice from those who have experience in raising them.


text:
"european" in a sentence
- Adjective: European 'yûru'peeun
Noun: European 'yûru'peeun
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Europe or the people of Europe
- A native or inhabitant of Europe
Derived forms: Europeans
See also: Europe
Type of: denizen, dweller, habitant, indweller, inhabitant
- It was built after a european model.
- The europeans produced mainly war planes.
- Certainly it captivated the european writer.
- It is a voice of european public opinions.
- european nations are relatively modest in size.
- europeans and jews do not readily assimilate.
- The tour took in six european capitals.
- I don't care much for these european potatoes.
- I accompanied him on his european travel.
- I still carry european pollution.
, "europassport" meaning
, "europe" meaning
, "europe agreements" meaning
, "europe, fortress" meaning
, "european academic and research network" meaning
, "european adder" meaning
, "european adders" meaning
, "european agricultural guidance and guarantee fund" meaning
What is the meaning of european and how to define european in English? european meaning, what does european mean in a sentence? european meaning
, translation, pronunciation, synonyms and example sentences are provided by eng.ichacha.net.


What is RECOVER?
RECOVER (Real World Clinical Outcomes with Novel Modulator Therapy Combinations in People with CF) is a new research study that aims to look at the 'real world' impact of the new triple combination modulator (TCM), Kaftrio, in people with CF.
Why do we need to do this study?
Although clinical trials have proven that triple combination therapy is very effective for specific groups of people with CF, clinical trials are very controlled and highly monitored studies. Often things can be different in the everyday life, so it is really important to look at this also to prove that new medicines are effective. In addition, clinical trials look at a limited number of aspects of health outcomes, but in real world studies we have an opportunity to look at a wider array of outcomes that are important to people with CF.
Why is this study important?
New medications such as Kaftrio involve a significant investment on behalf of the state, and it is really important to be able to prove that the treatment is beneficial and value for money. Real world studies like RECOVER help to gather this information. Nowadays there are lots of new expensive therapies for rare diseases, all competing for limited health budgets. Providing high quality evidence for CF treatments will help us to maximise the likelihood of these treatments being funded now and into the future for people with CF.
What does RECOVER involve?
RECOVER will collect information both on routine outcomes already collected as part of standard care, such as lung function, infections, nutrition etc. but also novel and uncommonly used outcome measures. We will employ detailed measures of lung health such as lung clearance index (LCI), CT scans, exhaled nitric oxide and sputum inflammation. Abdominal complaints are common in CF – we will measure abdominal symptoms, bowel inflammation, pancreatic status and markers of liver disease. We want to also examine how people with CF remember to take TCM, and all other CF medicines after TCM has been started. Other aspects of RECOVER include looking at nasal inflammation, quality of life and how different genes might affect how different people respond to these new therapies.
Where is RECOVER taking place?
RECOVER is a truly international study. Funding for RECOVER comes predominantly from the US CF Foundation, with co-funding from CF Ireland and the UK CF Trust. The clinical sites for RECOVER are in Ireland and the UK (adult and paediatric), and we are working with collaborators across the UK and Ireland, Canada, Germany and the Netherlands. RECOVER does not have any relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer of the TCM medication.
Who is involved?
RECOVER involves a team of leading CF specialists, scientists, data experts and representatives of people with CF. The team is lead by Paul McNally (Dublin) and Jane Davies (London), both pediatricians looking after people with CF. The team includes consultants in each of the clinical sites
Where do I get more information?
You can get more information about RECOVER by asking your CF nurse or consultant. The research team at your centre and one of the CF consultants are involved in the study and have more information. There are information leaflets for adults, parents of children, adolescents and young children.
Additionally, for further information and/or queries please contact us at _EMAIL_


text:
Hebrew Word for Peace Was First That Bernadotte Learned in Israel; Correspondent Describes lmpression the Count Made at Press Conference -Modesty and Calmness Stressed
By GENE CURRIVAN ();
September 18, 1948,
, Section, Page 2, Column, words
The first Hebrew word that Count Folke Bernadotte, United Nations Mediator for Palestine, learned while in Israel was "Shalom," which is used to mean "Peace be with you." He was quite proud of it because it symbolized his mission.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Of or relating to a holding of something in trust for another: a fiduciary heir; a fiduciary contract.
- adj. Of or being a trustee or trusteeship.
- adj. Held in trust.
- adj. Of or consisting of fiat money.
- adj. Of, relating to, or being a system of marking in the field of view of an optical instrument that is used as a reference point or measuring scale.
- n. One, such as an agent of a principal or a company director, that stands in a special relation of trust, confidence, or responsibility in certain obligations to others.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Confident; steady; undoubting; unwavering; firm.
- Having the nature of a trust, especially a financial trust; pertaining to a pecuniary trust or trustee: as, a fiduciary power. Also fiducial.
- n. One who holds a thing in trust; a trustee.
- n. One who depends for salvation on faith without works; an Antinomian.
- adj. law Related to trusts and trustees.
- adj. Pertaining to paper money whose value depends on public confidence or securities.
- n. law One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.
- n. theology One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an antinomian.
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting; faithful; firm.
- adj. Holding, held, or founded, in trust.
- n. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.
- n. (Theol.) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian.
- adj. relating to or of the nature of a legal trust (i.e. the holding of something in trust for another)
- n. a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary
- From Latin fīdūciārius ("held in trust"), from fidūcia ("trust"). (Wiktionary)
- Latin fīdūciārius, from fīdūcia, trust; see fiducial. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"Indeed, the word fiduciary comes from the Latin word fides, meaning faith."
"The word "fiduciary" comes from the Latin word for trust."
"Your editorial accurately depicts what a Labor Department proposal to change the regulatory agency's definition of the phrase "fiduciary" might to do the retirement-investment industry."
"Every investment product or service ever devised by Wall Street and foisted upon the public demands what I refer to as a "fiduciary response."
"Having been in fiduciary positions in which I was responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars of the public's money, I've demonstrated proven ability."
"The $146 billion joint bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund formalized earlier this week could take care of the country's short-term fiduciary problems, but major questions remain over how the country will look in the long-term, if it will ultimately be able to avoid default, and whether its problems will spread to other countries."
"We'll also be featuring a Research Room, "manned" by a bevy of bodacious, brainy beauties, who are fully "equipped" to give you insider tips about which games best suit your skills, value and long-term fiduciary goals."
"The solicitor-client relationship thus created is, however, overlaid with certain fiduciary responsibilities, which are imposed as a matter of law."
"In addition, the Department of Labor is looking at tightening requirements for advisors who serve the retirement market, including by raising the definition of fiduciary."
"While the act itself does not use the word fiduciary - meaning that advisers need to put their clients 'interests first - the United States Supreme Court has ruled that advisers do have a fiduciary duty under the act."
These user-created lists contain the word 'fiduciary'.
Another compilation of spelling words suitable for intermediate to advanced spellers.
Legal glossary with special focus on courtroom vocabulary
Weird words that specify specific aspects of people's legal relationships. ee/or pairs are the best, but sadly not all ees and ors have an associated opposite..
Words from politics, news, and business
All my favourite words that I come across!
cool mint antiseptic
Looking for tweets for fiduciary.


text:
Definition of salpa
n. - A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix. 2
The word "salpa" uses 5 letters: A A L P S.
No direct anagrams for salpa found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after salpa (in bold), or to aalps in any order:
c - pascal e - salpae h - alphas i - palais j - jalaps k - kalpas m - lampas plasma p - appals s - salpas u - pausal y - playas z - plazas
List shorter words within salpa, sorted by length
All words formed from salpa by changing one letter
Browse words starting with salpa by next letter


text:
Discuss at least one additional indicator that would be important for a nurse leader to monitor on a regular basis to drive outcomes as part of the performance data scorecard.. Introduction:
The purpose of this assessment is to help you develop the necessary skills and expertise to manage in the healthcare setting and understand the unique aspects of nursing leadership. Nursing leadership requires a unique set of skills relating to organizational performance and the healthcare industry. Leadership in the nursing profession, roles and responsibilities of the nurse leader, and human resource management are essential components of nursing management for leaders within the healthcare industry to understand. As the healthcare industry continues to change and reform, it is important for nurse leaders to be well prepared and well-rounded in the concepts of healthcare management and nursing leadership.
For this assessment, consider yourself a nurse leader (which could be your current role if you are in a nurse leadership role at your organization) responsible for multiple departments, units, or service areas. You are struggling with performance of outcome measures that are below benchmarks. You feel that if your teams and staff were more engaged, your outcomes would improve.
A. Create a performance data scorecard you could use to focus on outcome measures in your healthcare organization in which you do the following:
1. Identify the patient population being addressed.
2. Identify at least one outcome measure related to the population identified in part A1 for each of the following indicators:
- patient safety
- employee engagement
B. Discuss the necessary processes that drive each outcome measure.
1. Discuss at least one additional indicator that would be important for a nurse leader to monitor on a regular basis to drive outcomes as part of the performance data scorecard.
C. Discuss at least three advantages of the performance data scorecard created in part A.
D. Analyze at least two current trends in healthcare that are related specifically to employee engagement.
1. Explain the relationship between employee engagement and healthcare quality.
2. Discuss whether current tools in your organization adequately provide nurse leadership with data regarding employee engagement.
E. Create a plan to improve employee engagement based on the performance data scorecard.
Note: This plan may include but is not limited to goals, strategies, evaluation, timeline, etc.
1. Discuss leadership best practices that improve employee engagement.


Could not find point within a radius of 350.0 meters
for the following coordinats
lng1= -82.83134351407003
when i tried to send them to the backend via a url includes the api-key, i received the following error message
Could not find point 0: 9._PHONE_ 43._PHONE_ within a radius of 350.0 meters.
the coordinates provided are in the following order
please let me know how to fix this issue
distance between two points on earth can be calculated using the Haversine Formula.
Aside from that, please do as the "New Topic"-Button in this forum requests:
 - search the forum for similar topics
If there are none, please
 - describe the problem precisely and include full request URLs / bodies and responses in code format (three backticks)
 - make sure your API key is replaced by xxx or api-key or any other placeholder
This will make sure our staff doesn't answer every question thrice and makes it easier for them to actually investigate your problem.
Best regards,
1 Like
the distance is included in the json file which is the response from the backend
i modified the question
The coordinates you provided as lng1,lat1,lng2,lat2 don't seem to have anything in common with the coordinate that is giving you the error, as they are vastly different.
Thus, as stated above, please provide the complete request you sent, along with the complete answer you got.
Best regards,
thanks for the reply
the coordinates were obtained from the map via mouse clicks so each time the user clicks the mouse the coordinates are taken and sent to the backend.
would you please tell me what do you mean by vastly different?
moreover, distance it self is not that important, the most important to me is to receive the response from openrouteservice
there are basically two ways to use openrouteservice:
1 - create an application that uses openrouteservice API.
You have to develop something that will run a request and get some response.
2 - use our maps client (that internally uses openrouteservice API) to find places, calculate directions and isochrones.
So, what is the method you are using?
To be able to help you, it is important that you tell us, step-by-step, how to reproduce your case (if you are using the maps client) or the request code if you are using the API directly.
You can use also our Interactive documentation (API playground) to get technical details about the API Dashboard | ORS
1 Like
_USER_ _USER_ i modified my reply a bit.
i am using openrouteservice for the purpose you mentioned in point 1"for getting directions".mainly I am looking for the direction and it is included in the geojson response with full data profile.
i just send a url with the api key and the start and end coordinates and i receive a json file with various info about the route between the start and end coordinates specified in the url
would you please provide a solution to this issue? why i receive such a message from the backend?
without the actual URL you send and the response you get, we can only speculate about the reason why you are receiving this error, as we cannot reproduce your problem.
What I meant by the coordinates being vastly different is, that the coordinates you send to the backend (lng1,lat1,lng2,lat2) are somewhere in North America, while the coordinate that the backend is sending back (point 0) is somewhere in Europe.
This leads me to believe that some error happened when copy-pasting
That is why it is important for us to get the actual request you send (full URL, without api-key), so we can reproduce the problem and see what's going on.
hi _USER_ _USER_
thank you for the reply. as you requested, here is the error i get:,51.55067242637449&end=-92.46758236101581,44.28117641093738
other falsey coordinates:
thanks for posting the complete request.
I'm sorry if my last reply was unclearly formulated - by stating
I didn't mean to ask for two different URLs, one containing the api-key and one not, but for a single one that contains a placeholder instead of the key or no key at all, as stated here:
As to not have your api-key exposed to the public, I have edited your reply and hidden the revision so that it no longer contains your key. As the second URL got redundant by doing so, I have removed it as well.
On to your question:
This is a common issue with rural or under-mapped regions:
I'd recommend actually choosing points that are routable to, that have some kind of path leading to them.
Best regards,
_USER_ _USER_
would you please tell me how to expand the search radius?
kind regards
as stated above, you can use the radiuses-parameter to expand your search radius.
However, this is not possible using a GET-request like the one you provided earlier.
You'll have to issue a POST-request to do so.
You can find all the information about this in our API-documentation.
For more information about the different body-parameters, click on the?-icon at the right.
If you scroll down after having selected your desired endpoint, you can look at example code in various languages.
Best regards,
I also have the same issue. My params are as follows
{"coordinates":[[11.174931120562666, 75.83476320423199],[11.171264605659482, 75.84032574630943]],"radiuses":[8000, 8000]}
but I am getting the error message
"error": {
"code": 2010,
"message": "Could not find point 0: 11._PHONE_ 75._PHONE_ within a radius of 8000.0 meters.; Could not find point 1: 11._PHONE_ 75._PHONE_ within a radius of 8000.0 meters."
I am posting data to
Could you please tell me what I am doing wrong
You are using the wrong coordinate order. Our API takes Lon,Lat.
1 Like
Thank you :slight_smile:
It worked!!


text:
Owning animals – specifically cattle – completely changes the meaning of a snow day. For most, snow is a welcomed sight as it means a day at home – away from the office or classroom – in their sweats enjoying daytime television and a warm fire.
But for cattle owners, snow days are some of the longest and hardest workdays they encounter each year. Cattle were created to withstand cold, snow and wind but that doesn't mean they particularly enjoy the winter weather – especially after a streak of 50-degree temperatures. We have both heifers (first-time mothers) and cows (experienced mothers) calving right now. In fact we had about 20 calves born yesterday, five born overnight and another three this morning. More are expected throughout the day. This is peak calving season for our herd and while we never rule out the possibility of snow, snowfall like this doesn't come along every year.
During storms like this, it's important that we are out, among our cattle, checking to ensure mothers are doing fine, baby calves are staying warm and eating and expectant mothers get to shelter when possible. When we find a calf that looks like it just can't get warm on it's own, we will bring it inside and allow it to dry off and warm up before returning it to its mother.
Diet and proper nutrition are also very important for cattle in the winter. Like humans, cattle with a normal level of body fat are better able to withstand the cold and nursing mothers need all of the nutrition and calories they can get. Even on days like this, we make sure our cattle have all of the feed they need or want. But we are careful to not overfeed them so that all of their energy isn't spent on digestion.
Derek was up most of last night checking on the cows and caring for a few calves. He and his father will spend the remainder of today and tonight making additional rounds, checking the animals as many times as possible. New calves could come at any time and we strive to be there to ensure all is going well. It's not an easy job and the cattle don't always express their appreciation the way a person would but it's what we do, even on snow days.


text:
Time and Place
The pyMOR School will take place from Monday at 14:00 to Friday at 12:00 (August 22-26) in the seminar room Prigogine (V0.05-2/3).
The timetable will be adapted based on the information provided by the participants during registration.
Introduction to Python
Note that we are not planning to give an introduction to Python/NumPy/SciPy, but there are plenty of free online resources to learn the basics before the start of the School:
- for inexperienced programmers:
- for more experienced programmers:


text:
We also reserve the right to adjust a publisher's earnings in the case that an advertiser who advertised on the publisher's website defaults on payment. These advertisers may have used stolen credit cards or otherwise defaulted on payments. Google works diligently to ensure that these instances are rare in order to maintain a safe ecosystem for users, publishers and advertisers.
To maintain the integrity of our invalid activity detection system and prevent users from circumventing the system, we aren't able to provide details about how much was adjusted per day or per site. We have these invalid activity protections in place to keep our AdSense network a safe and useful environment for advertisers, publishers and users.
However, here are some steps to help you identify and reduce invalid activity:
- Use Google Analytics to investigate any changes in traffic sources over the last 90 days. Look out for spikes in traffic/downloads from unknown sources.
- Review the AdSense Policy beginner's guide. Please go through the Ad placement policies. Invalid activity often results from poor ad implementation, which you may be able to fix.
- Report invalid clicks or impressions on your ads to our traffic quality specialists using this invalid activity form. In your report, please provide as much information as possible. The details you provide will aid our traffic quality team to investigate your account. You may not receive a personal response from them, but a note will be added to your account for future reference.


text:
How many square femtometer in 1 square centimeter? The answer is 1.0E+26. We assume you are converting between square femtometre and square centimetre. You can view more details on each measurement unit: square femtometer or square centimeter The SI derived unit for area is the square meter. 1 square meter is equal to 1.0E+30 square femtometer, or 10000 square centimeter. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. Use this page to learn how to convert between square femtometers and square centimeters. Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
You can do the reverse unit conversion from square centimeter to square femtometer, or enter any two units below:
ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 70 kg, 150 lbs, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!


text:
Germany is hosting the first annual World Health Summit. Samuel Loewenberg examines the cutting-edge research taking place in the country and what it could mean for medicine.
It is not surprising that the idea for the World Health Summit (Oct 14—18) was conceived in Berlin. After all, the city is not only Germany's medical capital, it is also the seat of government, where policy decisions are made, funding allocated, and priorities decided upon. Yet often health is an afterthought or a political tool rather than a policy driver in and of itself, which is why Detlev Ganten, the former head of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin first conceived the summit to coincide with the institution's 300th anniversary.
The conference seeks to bring together policy makers, who often do not understand medicine, with medical practitioners, who themselves often operate as if in isolation, disengaged from a rapidly changing world that affects the fundamental factors underlying public health.
"Health should be at the top of the political agenda", said Ganten, a pioneering researcher in hypertension who currently runs the hospital's foundation. Berlin is the biggest academic health centre in Germany, followed by Heidelberg and Munich. The idea of the summit was to "do something that takes up the good tradition of the Charité, the people and personalities who were important, our excellent research, and at the same time to take responsibility for society", said Ganten.
The summit's organisers, who in addition to Ganten include a handful of Germany's top medical researchers as well as the Université Paris Descartes, aim to make academic medicine a key player in public policy. They argue that health care is a field that can both identify future problems and provide innovative solutions, and therefore it should play a central part in government planning. The absence of medicine in public health policy making is something that the Berlin-based conference conveners, located as they are in the nation's capital, are acutely aware. "Academic medicine, which is traditionally not close to public health, needs to take up public health challenges", said Mazda Adli, the executive secretary of the summit. Adli, a psychiatrist, is director of the mood disorders research group at Charité. The goal of the summit, said Adli, is to move academic medicine beyond the realm of therapeutic standards setting and ethics to become an architect of health systems in the public policy context. For instance, he said, "climate change is an absolutely novel topic, and we are trying to establish it within academic medicine".
The World Health Summit coincides with the 300th anniversary of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Adli, Ganten, and the other conference organisers have far-reaching ambitions for enhancing the role of academic medicine in public policy. By putting medicine in a larger socioeconomic and environmental context, the organisers hope to emphasise its importance in the country's future, to create a strong foundation for international health policy, and to make connections with political leaders and other influential public actors. The conference's sponsorship by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel is already a hopeful sign that the summit could have impact.
The core themes of the conference include consequences of the demographic shift to an ageing society; the health consequences of climate change; the new rash of pandemics and how to prevent them; the health systems of developing countries in eastern Europe and central Asia; life-style-related health problems, such as the obesity epidemic and juvenile diabetes; and the effects of the global economic crisis on health-care systems, which are already strained with rising costs and inequitable distribution.
Germany is a world leader in medical technology for fields such as transplantation
Many of the new challenges facing medicine are occurring on an international scale, and international cooperation is required to overcome them. The summit's subtitle is the "evolution of medicine", and the reference to Darwin is not accidental. Ganten takes the view that the way that society has progressed has led to disharmony. "Our biology is the result of 3·5 billion years of evolution", yet humans' current lifestyles and living conditions are often at odds with that biology, he said. "Many of the diseases that we are facing today are a consequence of the disharmony of our daily life."
The summit's emphasis on integrating different disciplines with medicine was inspired by Rudolf Virchow, a pioneer in public health in the 19th century, who innovatively brought together politics, medicine, sanitation, pathology, and public health. "He is my hero. He is the hero of many people who know the history of medicine", said Ganten
The Charité hospital itself is a unique entity in Germany. Originally a merger of medical units of the Free University and Humboldt, it is now independent of both. Its €1 billion a year budget is mostly provided from insurance company fees, supplemented with 20% support from the government and an additional 10% in research grants. Charité was founded in 1710, and is at the centre of Berlin's reputation as a leader in medical theory, research, and medical technology.
Berlin has already spawned 14 Nobel laureates in medicine, including Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich. Today, Germany is a leader in medical technology, particularly in the areas of cardioelectrotherapy, vascular intervention, and transplantation, and has made cutting-edge developments in weak radioactive rays for cancer and cardiotherapy. The German capital also has the country's first fully-digitised hospital and the country's first clinic for minimally invasive surgery.
Yet even with these innovations, Germany, like many countries, faces challenges in dealing with the economics of its health-care systems—another major theme of the conference. While the USA is struggling to pass legislation to provide health-care coverage for its more than 45 million uninsured, Germany, as with the rest of Europe, is searching for the right balance between regulation and innovation, government-sponsored research and partnerships with private industry, personalised medicine, and cost containment. Ganten notes that many people do not realise that health care plays a fundamental part in the German economy, providing 4 million jobs and accounting for between 12—15% of the German gross domestic product, making it larger than the automobile industry.
Many Germans are unhappy with their health-care system, according to recent polls, which found that 62% of the population are dissatisfied, and an overwhelming 87% of physicians are also unhappy. A large majority of both groups said that the current system was not sustainable and needed to be reformed.
The performance of the health service has declined in recent years, according to more than half of those polled, and many lack faith in the medical staff, drugs, and treatment standards. Most believe the service will get more expensive. Some 60% of physicians working in the public health service said they were considering going into the private sector, and many young doctors are contemplating working in other countries.
On the research front, the country has fallen behind on some fronts because of deeply held social taboos regarding genetic and stem-cell research. While Germany was an early leader in genetics research in the 1980s, much of it was stalled or moved abroad in the wake of strong public protests from groups that saw such experiments with the building blocks of nature as reminiscent of Nazi experimentation. The biotech protesters are strange bedfellows, a mix of environmentalists, religious groups, and human-rights campaigners. Today, nanotechnology and nuclear power are evoking similar antipathy.
German pharmaceutical companies have also been lagging. Drug makers in the country could only claim to have developed six out of 140 newly licensed active substances in 2005, according to a European Commission survey. Genetically engineered drugs accounted for only 12% of the industry's revenues in 2006. To respond to this slump, the German Ministry for Education and Research has started a new programme to promote research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, and particularly biotechnology. Dubbed the Pharmaceuticals Initiative for Germany, the government-sponsored programme will put €800 million towards development and marketing in the domestic industry through 2011.
Germany also does not have a high capacity for moving from translational research into production. By contrast, Ganten notes that Sweden has a very good system for developing practical applications from its research, and Singapore has really excelled in developing high-quality research institutions and attracting top talent. Germany should aspire to similar heights, he said. The devastation of the Nazi period meant that many of Germany's top minds were either murdered or forced to flee the country. "This was the real brain drain and I don't think we ever recovered from that", said Ganten.
If German biomedical research is to thrive, it may have to loosen up. The German biomedical research system is in many ways very rigid, and things are made even more complicated by the country's complex and intensely bureaucratic federal government system. A purist attitude tends to prevail in keeping basic research and applied research separate. At the same time, venture capital is hard to come by, and so more experimental types of research often have trouble finding support. "The German research system is quite conservative", said Ganten. "On the other hand there is quite a bit of money in research and good ideas usually get funding."
Climate for research
One of the conference's key themes is the intersection of medicine with other areas of science. This type of cross-cutting analysis is especially relevant when analysing the new wave of pandemics, which are influenced by both climate change and poverty, said Stefan H E Kaufmann, the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin and a professor for microbiology and immunology at the Charité. Many insect vectors, for instance, could spread more easily if there are higher temperatures, and new infectious agents emerge at the interface between animals and humankind as wilderness is eroded in favour of livestock


What If We Thought Of Gender Like Ice Cream? It Makes Sense, Here's Why
Gender identity is a deeply personal issue that many people still have trouble understanding and respecting.
Unlearning restrictive binary genders is a process, but one that is well worth the effort.
This comic highlights the importance of looking past restrictive ideas of gender and embracing the idea that every identity is 'real' and deserves to be respected. After all, each person knows themselves best.
With Love,
The Editors at Everyday Feminism
To learn more about this topic, check out:
K is a Contributing Comic Artist at Everyday Feminism. K is a Canadian, non-binary, genderqueer, peoplequeer, mentally ill, critical feminist robot. They have a background in linguistics, information, privacy, and categorization, and human-centric design. They are the artist and writer for Robot Hugs, a twice-weekly webcomic about (among other things) gender, identity, feminism, mental health, and cats. In their spare time, they provide peer education and workshops on negotiation, consent, and identity. In their spare-spare time, their hobbies include worrying about things they can't control and knitting. Check out their comics here.


text:
HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
Cancels wakeup requests for a specified process, including wakeup
requests scheduled with either the RUN command or the $SCHDWK system
Requires one of the following:
- Ownership of the process
- GROUP privilege to cancel scheduled wakeup requests for
processes in the same group but not owned by you
- WORLD privilege to cancel scheduled wakeup requests for any
process in the system
The name of the node on which the specified process is running.
You cannot specify a node name on a different OpenVMS Cluster system
from the current process.
The name of the process for which wakeup requests are to be canceled.
The process name can have up to 15 alphanumeric characters.
The specified process must be in the same group as the current process.
The CANCEL command cancels scheduled wakeup requests for the specified
The CANCEL command does not delete the specified process. If the
process is executing an image when the CANCEL command is issued for it,
the process hibernates instead of exiting after the image completes
To delete a hibernating process for which wakeup requests have been
canceled, use the STOP command. You can determine whether a subprocess
has been deleted by entering the SHOW PROCESS command with the
A local process name can look like a remote process name. Therefore, if
you specify ATHENS::SMITH, the system checks for a process named
ATHENS::SMITH on the local node before checking node ATHENS for a
process named SMITH.
You also can use the /IDENTIFICATION=pid qualifier to specify a process
name. If you use the /IDENTIFICATION qualifier and the
process-name parameter together, the qualifier overrides the
parameter. If you do not specify either the process-name
parameter or the /IDENTIFICATION qualifier, the CANCEL command cancels
scheduled wakeup requests for the current (that is, the issuing)
Identifies the process by its process identification (PID). You can
omit leading zeros when you specify the PID.
The CANCEL command in this example cancels a wakeup request for a
process named CALENDAR (which continues to hibernate until it is
deleted with the STOP command).
$ RUN/SCHEDULE=14:00 STATUS
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 0013012A
The RUN command in this example creates a process to execute the image
STATUS. The process hibernates and is scheduled to be awakened at
14:00. Before the process is awakened, the CANCEL command cancels the
$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=LIBRA/INTERVAL=1:00 LIBRA
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00130027
$ CANCEL LIBRA
$ STOP LIBRA
The RUN command in this example creates a subprocess named LIBRA to
execute the image LIBRA.EXE at hourly intervals.
Subsequently, the CANCEL command cancels the wakeup request. The
process continues to exist, but in a state of hibernation, until the
STOP command deletes it.


text:
This paper uses the example of the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Libraries at the University of Edinburgh. It examines the changing course structure in veterinary medicine and shows how information skills training has developed to provide students with transferable skills which they can take into their veterinary career. This is particularly relevant as the profession is increasing the emphasis on continuing professional development. The paper investigates how staff in the Veterinary Libraries have collaborated with colleagues in the Medical Libraries, using the example of information skills training for medical students to tailor training for veterinary students. The paper will discuss how Library staff liaised with the Veterinary School to integrate information skills training into the undergraduate curriculum.
The paper will also discuss information skills training of postgraduate students and staff in the Veterinary School. Finally, the paper will show how the Veterinary Subject Guide on Library Online (_URL_ was developed to assist ease of access to resources for students. Relevance to the conference: The work described in this paper covers several of the conference themes including: training programmes, liaison with clients, teaching Internet search skills, knowledge sharing and developing library websites. Finally, it suggests that a 21st century veterinary library must develop to meet its clients' needs and provide them with the transferable skills they require in 21st century veterinary medicine.


text:
Mermaid Reef Marine National Nature Reserve has been renamed Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve and forms part of the North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network. Interim management arrangements apply until the management plan for the North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network comes into effect.
The Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve is located about 150 nautical miles (290 km) north-west of Broome, Western Australia, near the edge of Australia's continental slope and is surrounded by waters that extend to a depth of over 500 metres. Mermaid Reef is the most north-easterly of three reef systems forming the Rowley Shoals. It is totally submerged at high tide and therefore falls under Australian Government jurisdiction. The other two reefs of the Rowley Shoals, Clerke Reef and Imperieuse Reef, are managed by the Western Australian Government as part of the Rowley Shoals Marine Park.
Mermaid Reef is listed on Australia's Commonwealth Heritage List.
|Name||Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve (renamed)|
|Date of Proclamation||21 March 1991, now renamed Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve|
|Depth range||15-500 m (approx.)|
|Types of zoning||IUCN Category Ia - Strict Nature Reserve|
Major conservation values
- Mermaid Reef has national and international significance due to its pristine character, coral formations, geomorphic features and diverse marine life.
- Key area for over 200 species of hard corals and 12 classes of soft corals with coral formations in pristine condition
- Important areas for sharks including the grey reef shark, the whitetip reef shark and the silvertip whaler
- Important foraging area for marine turtles
- Important area for toothed whales, dolphins, tuna and billfish
- Important resting and feeding sites for migratory seabirds
- The reserve, along with nearby Rowley Shoals Marine Park, provides the best geological example of shelf atolls in Australia
- Examples of the seafloor habitats and communities of the Northwest Transition.


Small Static Caravan Sites | North-Wales | North Wales Caravans
Small static caravan sites in North Wales are often located in areas of outstanding natural beauty within a short distance of the coast. The Countryside Code benefits everyone using the countryside in the UK and North Wales, to enable you to get the most out of your visit. It is in place to give you helpful advice when planning your outing, to keep yourself and others safe and to ensure that the countryside remains a fabulous environment that everyone can enjoy. For example, many holiday makers who visit Sirior Bach Caravan Park near Abergele, make frequent visits out into the beautiful Welsh countryside and there are rules for ramblers, cyclists and dog walkers to follow.
Always consider other people and the local community
 - When out driving in the countryside, consider visitors and local people; don't block driveways and gateways, or pathways with your vehicle.
 - When driving a vehicle or riding a bike, slow down or stop for farm animals, walkers and horses and always ensure you give them room when passing.
 - If a farmer is moving his animals cooperate by keeping out of the way, follow any directions that the farmer gives you.
 - Busy traffic can be a hindrance on country roads to visitors, local people and wildlife so drive slowly and, if at all possible, leave your car at home; maybe cycle or take public transport.
Leave property and gates as you find them
 - If a farmer has left gates open so that his animals can reach food and water, ensure that you leave gates as you find them or look for information on any signs.
 - Always follow pathways unless there is a wider access such as on common ground. Never climb over fences, hedges and walls potentially causing damage; use gaps in boundaries, stiles or gates for access.
 - Never interfere with animals or machinery.
 Protect the natural environment around you
 - Take special care not to remove, destroy or damage any natural features such as trees, plants or rocks, which may be habitat for wildlife.
 - Left-over food and litter can be detrimental and dangerous to wildlife, so ensure that you always take your litter home with you to dispose of. Fires can be dangerous to habitats, wildlife and other people so take care when smoking outdoors and if using naked flames.
Always ensure that you keep your dogs under control at all times. If possible, keep on a lead or in your sight and make sure they don't stray off into an area where you have no right of access. There are certain rules that apply to dogs near to farm animals and, if near the coast, you may need to keep them on a lead so as not to disturb breeding birds. Pick up your dog's mess and dispose of it in a safe manner – in bins provided or take it home with you to dispose of correctly.
You are responsible for your own safety and of those in your care, especially children, so be prepared for any hazards – a sudden change in the weather or an unpredictable horse or farm animal.
The countryside is appealing around small static caravan sites in North Wales; wonderful places where you can get away from it all. So to ensure that everyone has an enjoyable, safe visit make sure you stick to the rules of the countryside code.
If you need any further information about staying safe during your time at such holiday parks as Whitehouse Leisure Park, Sirior Bach Caravan Park, Golden Gate Holiday Centre or any of the small caravan sites in North Wales, please feel free to contact us at North Wales Caravans.


text:
Benchmark experimental gas-phase intermolecular dissociation energies by the SEP-R2PI method
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
The gas-phase ground-state dissociation energy D (S ) of an isolated and cold bimolecular complex is a fundamental measure of the intermolecular interaction strength between its constituents. Accurate D values are important for the understanding of intermolecular bonding, for benchmarking high-level theoretical calculations, and for the parameterization of dispersion-corrected density functionals or force-field models that are used in fields ranging from crystallography to biochemistry. We review experimental measurements of the gas-phase D (S ) and D (S ) values of 55 different M⋅S complexes, where M is a (hetero)aromatic molecule and S is a closed-shell solvent atom or molecule. The experiments employ the triply resonant SEP-R2PI laser method, which involves M-centered (S → S ) electronic excitation, followed by S → S stimulated emission spanning a range of S state vibrational levels. At sufficiently high vibrational energy, vibrational predissociation of the M⋅S complex occurs. A total of 49 dissociation energies were bracketed to within ≤1.0 kJ/mol, providing a large experimental database of accurate noncovalent interactions. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Knochenmuss, Richard; Sinha, Rajeev K.; and Leutwyler, Samuel, "Benchmark experimental gas-phase intermolecular dissociation energies by the SEP-R2PI method" (2020). Open Access Archive. 253.


text: The initial molecular steps of the acid-catalyzed silica sol−gel process de-parting from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were investigated by in situ 29Si NMR and UV−Raman spectroscopy. The use of a substoichiometric H2O:TEOS molar ratio (r-value 0.2−1.2) slowed the silicate oligomerization reaction and allowed unraveling the initial steps of silica condensation. Molecular modeling confirmed Raman signal and 29Si NMR shift assignment. A comprehensive listing of all Raman and 29Si NMR assignments is provided, including unique Raman assignments of cyclosilicates and the linear tetramer. The combination of experiment and modeling allowed an analysis of the reaction kinetics. The derived kinetic model and the experimental observation both revealed that the H2O:TEOS molar ratio had a strong influence on the reaction kinetics but not on the reaction pathways. The multianalytical approach led to development of an oligomerization scheme. As dominant oligomerizations, chain growth, cyclodimerization, and branching were identified. Under the investigated conditions, chains did not grow longer than pentamer, and ring sizes were limited to 6-rings. Chains of 4 Si atoms and 4-rings were abundant species. Branched rings and chains were formed by attachment of dimers and trimers. Gelation proceeded from branched 4-rings and branched chains with limited hydroxyl functionalities.


text:
PictureBox.LoadAsync Method (String)
Loads the image at the specified location, asynchronously.
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
If the url parameter indicates a local file, the recommended format is a local file path. For example, an image file named myPicture.jpglocated atc:\ would be accessed by passing c:\myPicture.jpg for the url parameter. A full path, such as _URL_ or a relative path, such as./images/image.jpg, can be used. If a relative path is used, it will be considered relative to the working directory. A call to the Load method sets the ImageLocation property to the value of url.
A call to the LoadAsync method sets the ImageLocation property to the value of url. Besides calling the LoadAsync method, you must set the WaitOnLoad property to false to load an image asynchronously. When you load an image asynchronously, you can handle the LoadProgressChanged event to determine the progress of an image load or the LoadCompleted event to determine when an image load has completed. If an error occurs during an asynchronous image-loading operation, it will be caught and reported by the Error property of the AsyncCompletedEventArgs.
The following code example demonstrates how to use the LoadAsync method. To run this example, paste the following code into a Windows Form that contains a PictureBox named pictureBox1 and a Button named startLoadButton. Make sure that the Click event for the button is associated with the startLoadButton_Click method in this example. You must change the image file path to a path that is valid on your system.


text:
Are you looking to switch your communication provider, but the idea of changing your phone numbers is just too much to handle? We've got you covered. With the Telnyx phone number portability check, you can easily check up to 2,500 numbers at once.
What is Number Porting?
Number porting refers to the process of transferring (porting) a phone number from one provider to another. The process can be broken down into two categories, local number porting, which deals with fixed lines, and full mobile number porting, which deals with transferring mobile numbers.
With number porting, businesses are no longer forced to stay with their communication providers to avoid the hassle of switching their phone numbers. Number portability puts the power back into the hand of the customer. So, how do you know whether or not your current number is eligible for porting?
How to Check Phone Number Portability with Telnyx
Ready to check if your phone number or numbers are eligible for porting? To get started, follow the three simple steps below.
Step 1: Log in to the Mission Control Portal
- Go to _URL_
- Enter your username and password
- Click Sign In
Don't have an account? Sign up here with your email address, or register with your Google, Facebook or GitHub account.
Step 2: Create a Porting Request
- Click Numbers on the left sidebar navigation
- Select Port Numbers
- Click the green Add Porting Request button
- Choose either My Own Numbers or My Customer's Numbers
- Select a country from the dropdown
- Click Next
Step 3: Check Number Portability up to 2,500 Numbers
- Enter the phone number(s) you want to check for portability
- Click Check Number Portability
- TIP: Numbers outside of North America must be entered in E. 164 format
- TIP: Numbers should be separated with a comma, or line break
Your number portability results will be displayed below the input field. We might still be able to help with non-portable numbers, so don't hesitate to talk to our porting experts. If you're all systems go, you can click Next to submit your porting request through the same interface in just a few clicks!
You can find a detailed run-down of our porting process in our support knowledge base.
Share on Social


text:
Closing the year 2016, along with the Bontang city program Gerakan 10.000 Biopori", PT Kaltim Parna Industri has given and distributed some Biopori pipes and also socializing the making of Biopori holes. The pipes donation given are 100 units, which is divided into two district in KPI's buffer zones area. 50 unit for Guntung District and 50 units for Lok Tuan District.
Hopefully each house in those district has 1 biopori hole. Biopori hole is an appropriate and friendly environment technology that would be useful to increase the water absorption region, increasing the quality and quantity of ground water, and also to prevent floods. Moreover Biopori hole can be used to reduce household waste and the compost of its result will be automatically fertilize the soil.


text:
Research Committee Mandate
Research Committee Mandate
Al-Maarefa colleges' school of medicine affiliated faculties and students have a lot of extracurricular research activities, this necessitates regulating body, the research committee plays the stewardship role, it facilitates and serves both faculty and students.
VISION: To foster optimum appropriate scientific research to solve the health problems.
MISSION: To provide advice to participants, researchers and professional on the extent that research studies comply with recognized research standards.
- To ensure that the highest research standards apply to AL-MAAREFA COLLEGESSCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
- To set out the relevant research principles and values by which researcher should design and conduct.
- To ensure that researches are subjected to a research review process.
- To ensure that the researchers are recognizing the impact of the research for human health.
- To encourage publication of researches in various medical journals to help the spread of knowledge.
Terms of reference (TOR):
1/ Technical approval:
- The fundamental role of the research committee is to approve worthy research projects technically as nominated proposals for support, the committee strategy for this role can be summarized as follows:
A - Each researcher should fulfill all the research concept paper template sections.
B - The research committee might discuss as needed with the researcher the expected outcome as it should have obvious contribution to holes of the science body.
C – Prioritization of applied research, this is done through subjection of each research to the agreed upon prioritization criteria scores.
- This implies monitoring of research through the proposed timelines
3/ Resource allocation:
- Research committee decides which research deserves grant, so there will be additional criteria for proposals that require funding covers more details regarding operational cost in terms of Money, Manpower Time (MMT) and the grant allocated would follow the standard percentages for different budget sections.
4/ Documentation: of the activities of the research committee and this is done through regular meeting which will be held monthly. Biannual report with specific format documents all activities done by the committee.
5/ Coordination: with the ethical committee regrading approved research projects for facilitation of the field work, also the committee might contact any one affiliated to MCST as appropriate to contribute in its activities.
Intellectual property protection:
- Addition or removal of any researches from proposal after submission to the committee is unaccepted unless with good justifiable reasons.
- Proposals should be revised from Staff of MCST and approved from head of the department before submission.
- Name of the principal author should be rewritten first on the proposal followed by the names of other researchers and finally the supervising faculty member name.
How to submit your proposal
- Enter to web site of research committee and download the application form.
- Full fill the application form and submit it with both soft and hard copy of the proposal to the secretary of vice dean Faculty of medicineAl-Maarefa colleges
- A budget should be attached with the above requirement if the researchers need fund.
- Researchers CV should be submitted with the above requirements.
|Aplication Form for students||
Aplication Form for faculties


Is it generally easy to differentiate a local from a city guest or recent resident? Can not speak for Russia as a whole, but can definitely share with you some insights on the population of Saint Petersburg. Actually, it is quite a popular question among travellers: "What is a typical Petersburgian like?". Thus, I hope this article will be interesting for you to read.
Let's start by defining a typical original resident of Saint Petersburg by mentioning several stereotypes, especially popular elsewhere rather than in the city itself. Will be interesting to check whether those are really true or not by the end of this discussion, or better by actually visiting the city and getting to know its culture, sights and people right on spot.
Quite often a Peterburgian is defined as an intelligent, educated, and well-mannered person. Some mention that people there are a bit mysterious, unpredictable or have some unclear anguish in the look. The last one is probably explained by a very limited amount of sunshine over a year. Most likely, Petersburg weather is another cognitive topic to discuss another time.
Anyway, in order to build a reasonable and valid article, I went through several informative conversations with a couple of native-born Petersburgians of different ages. And here's what we came up with!
Feature #1 – Cold friendliness
A bit contradictory, right? What is meant by this is generally the population of the city is friendly and open-minded, hospitable and ready to assist when somebody needs help.
For instance, a friend of mine travelled to Saint Petersburg for the first time, and it was back in the days when people used paper maps instead of the Internet. On the way to the city, she met a man (not a romantic story, so keep reading) on a train who appeared to be a native-born Peterburgian. The train arrived early in the morning and nothing was really open, but the friend had to find a hotel she booked. Saying goodbye to the man and other compartment neighbors, she went outside the train and started wondering around the station and actually already left it. Can you imagine that over 15 minutes earlier that man ran after her and had a fresh bought map in his hands with an already marked route to the hotel. Basically here the story of these two ends, as their ways split. But you definitely can see now that these Petersburgians sometimes are really eager to help.
But why friendliness is cold, if returning back to the character? Well, the thing is that at first sight locals as well as, for instance, Finns can look a bit cold and restrained. Again, let's blame it on the weather 🙂 And also on the education, since from an early age people are usually taught to keep emotions inside and look presentable, as well as be courteous.
A couple viewing the Neva river in St Petersburg
Feature #2 – City lovers
True residents of Saint Petersburg love their city. They have a special tremulous feeling towards its history, culture, sights and the unique spirit.
There is a nice citation from Maxim Gorky's novel "Life of Klim Samgin":
– Petersburg has many faces. Look: today it has a mysterious and frightening face. During white nights it's charmingly airy. It is a lively and deeply feeling city.
Klim said:
– Yesterday I thought that you do not love it.
– Yesterday I had an argument with Him; arguing does not mean not loving.
Saint Petersburg is definitely hard not to like, or at least get interested and enchanted about as a tourist. But native-borns keep this feeling through the years. Some can move to other cities, for instance, to Moscow for work. But no matter what, they will associate themselves with everything that happens back at home. Saint Petersburg is not just an environment, it is a living organism, a friend or even family.
Feature #3 – Value of the history
The city went through very hard times, and people keep this value of the present, remembering the past. In every original family of Saint Petersburg, there are stories to share from times of the Siege and the Great Patriotic War. Grand grandchildren of those, who saw all the terror, hunger and overcame all the difficulties, deeply value their history.
These people are in their 30s now. And neither they forgot the past, nor they still stopped valuing it. People are ready to keep and share the stories further. Even the fact that many buildings and sights of Saint Petersburg keep some inquiries from the past, such as bombing or shelling marks, speaks for the fact that nothing is omitted. The feat is not forgotten. Around the whole country and Saint Petersburg, in particular.
Okay, hope your positive mood is still there. Guess the last couple of paragraphs were a bit too much. But that's what makes people there who they are.
Overall, when getting to know Petersburgians closer, you will notice that they are pretty optimistic, have nice sense of humor. They tend to spend more time walking around the city than spending time inside during their days-off. They do really visit museums, and do not leave them only to tourists. City residents live at a slower pace than Moscowians, for example, and look like they know something that you do not. But who knows maybe you learn their secrets and mysteries during your visit. See you in the Northern capital of Russia (after this pandemic ends)!


text:
Migrants Selection and Replacement in Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms for Dynamic Optimization
Many distributed systems (task scheduling,moving priorities,mobile environments,...) can be linked as Dynamic Optimization Problems (DOPs), since they require to pursue an optimal value that changes over time. We have focused on the utilization of Distributed Genetic Algorithms (dGAs), one of the domains still to be investigated for DOPs. A dGA essentially decentralizes the population in islands which cooperate through migrations of individuals. In this article, we analyze the effect of the migrants selection and replacement on the performance of dGAs for DOPs. Quality and distance based criteria are tested using a comprehensive set of benchmarks. Results show the benefits and drawbacks of each setting for DOPs.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- 2.Branke, J., Kaussler, T., Schmidt, C., Schmeck, H.: A multi-population approach to dynamic optimization problems. In: 4th International Conference on Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, pp. 299–308. Springer (2000)Google Scholar
- 3.Cantú-Paz, E.: Migration policies and takeover times in parallel genetic algorithms. In: Proc. of the GECCO. Morgan Kaufman (1999)Google Scholar
- 4.Homayounfar, H., Areibi, S., Wang, F.: An Island based GA for static/dynamic optimization problems. In: 3rd International DCDIS Conference on Engineering Applications and Computational Algorithms (2003)Google Scholar
- 7.Oppacher, F., Wineberg, M.: The shifting balance genetic algorithm: Improving the GA in a dynamic environment. In: Proc. of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), pp. 504–510. Morgan Kaufman (1999)Google Scholar
- 8.Park, T., Choe, R., Ryu, K.R.: Dual-population genetic algorithm for nonstationary optimization. In: Proc. of the GECCO, pp. 1025–1032. ACM (2008)Google Scholar
- 9.Ursem, R.K.: Multinational GAs: Multimodal optimization techniques in dynamic environments. In: Whitley, D., et al. (eds.) Proc. of the GECCO, pp. 19–26. Morgan Kaufmann (2000)Google Scholar


… sorry to cause folks distress earlier. I found the bug in my code… essentially I had accidentally restricted the possible knights moves to always be +- 2 steps horizontally and +-1 step vertically. With the bug fixed, I also get a mean of 168.
 18. SteveBrooklineMA
 Convergence seems fast for O(1/sqrt(n)). I get 168 to 10 decimal points with 6925 iterations. Priezt is right, the answer depends on the start position, and is a function of the degree of the vertex, specifically 336/degree. So if you start near the center of the board, the mean to return is 336/8=42 moves. Also, (bishop, rook, queen, king, knight)=(40, 64, 69.33333, 140, 168). Starting from the corner, the bishop gets back soonest on average.
 19. How many ways could a knight get caught in an infinite loop?
 How many ways could a knight return to its starting position?
 Are the two values the same?
 Does an infinite sequence of moves exist avoiding loops?
 20. SteveBrooklineMA
 I tried experimenting with connected graphs having various numbers of vertices and random connections. If the graph has E edges, and you start at a vertex with degree K, the mean return time is 2*E/K. Despite deinst's efforts, it's still not clear why to me.
 Cool problem John. It looks like a classic example where generalizing the problem makes it easier to analyze and understand.
 21. Followup statement: For every sequence of moves returning the knight to its starting position that you hand me, I can hand you one that differs by the last step and so does not return.
 Christopher Allen-Poole is correct. The calculation of the mean is nonsense. The fact that simulation matched the Markov chain model has some of you fooled. Your programs avoid inifinite loops and your random number generators try to as well, the Markov model does the same thing under the hood too. So there is nothing amazing here to me about 168.
 The problem is not stated clearly enough to get a rigorous answer and it is contrived in more ways than one.
 These are my thoughts anyhow.
 22. The "real-world" question is my favorite. I guess one could have faith that the knight returns more often than not; the likelyhood of this to me is almost surely absurd :-).
 23. But surely, Jeff, that argument would apply to the geometric distribution, which _does_ have a well-defined mean?
 I mean, if you could how many coin tosses it takes you to toss a head, you could say 'what about tail, tail, tail…?' – but it's ok because the probability of your 'different last step' series gets vanishingly small and you end up with a geometric series that sums to two.
 I imagine I've missed a subtlety in your argument, though – how would you have phrased the question differently?
 24. SteveBrooklineMA
 I think Jeff's point is valid. However, I also think that we can avoid the problem mathematically by limiting our event space to sequences of moves that terminate, i.e. those that do return to the origin. We can calculate the probability of each such path, and the (countably infinite and absolutely convergent) sum of their probabilities is 1.0. Whether or not this models the "real world" is a question that goes beyond math.
 25. _USER_
 Limiting the event space makes the problem concise, but the Markov chain solution still lacks rigor.
 To help you better understand my point I suggest reading a more conrete and meaningful application of Markov chains, namely on the Kruskal Count card trick. I think Lagaias co-authored a paper on it.
 26. I tried to limit board size to 3*3 and 4*4, the formula still worked. Cool.
 I really should read more about Markov chain.
 27. _USER_ Beveridge
 You'll just have to reread my followup statement above. It's so lucid that I actually am a bit proud of myself for saying it.
 A test to a mathematician is to explain it away in rigorous fashion … Good luck with that.
Leave a Reply


text:
Welcome to another IDS 11.10 (Cheetah) new feature close-up. This time we'll take a look at the possibility of creating multiple triggers on the same table and same event.
Up to IDS 11 you could have only one INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/SELECT trigger for each table. That means that if you wanted to do more in one of the events for which you already had a trigger you would have to change the existing trigger definition.
Now, with Cheetah, you can simply create another trigger. When the event happens both triggers will be fired and their actions will be done. It's a simple concept, but you should be aware of one important aspect: The sequence of execution of the triggered actions.
There is no guarantee to which trigger will execute first, but all the BEFORE actions will be done before all FOR EACH ROW actions, and finally the AFTER actions will be executed. So, the events have a pre-defined order to be executed, but you can't tell which trigger's event will be fired first. I've set up a test case that tries to show this issues. Let's take a look:
1 drop procedure trigger_change;
2 drop table test;
3 drop table action_log;
4 drop procedure trigger_proc;
5 CREATE TABLE test
7 col1 INTEGER,
8 col2 CHAR(20)
9 ) LOCK MODE ROW;
11 CREATE TABLE action_log
13 trig_name CHAR(20),
14 trig_event CHAR(20),
15 trig_action CHAR(20),
16 trig_seq SERIAL
17 ) LOCK MODE ROW;
19 CREATE PROCEDURE trigger_change () REFERENCING OLD AS old NEW AS new FOR test
20 LET new.col1 = 0;
21 END PROCEDURE;
22 CREATE PROCEDURE trigger_proc (t_name CHAR(20), t_action CHAR(20))
23 DEFINE t_event CHAR(20);
24 LET t_event = NULL;
25 IF t_action = 'FOR EACH ROW'
29 WHEN DELETING THEN "DELETING"
30 WHEN UPDATING THEN "UPDATING"
31 WHEN INSERTING THEN "INSERTING"
32 WHEN SELECTING THEN "SELECTING"
34 INTO t_event
35 FROM sysmaster:sysdual;
36 END IF
37 INSERT INTO action_log VALUES (t_name, t_event, t_action, 0);
38 END PROCEDURE;
40 CREATE TRIGGER ti_1_test INSERT ON test
43 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_1_test','BEFORE')
45 FOR EACH ROW
47 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_1_test','FOR EACH ROW'),
48 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_change() WITH TRIGGER REFERENCES
52 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_1_test','AFTER')
55 CREATE TRIGGER ti_2_test INSERT ON test
58 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_2_test','BEFORE')
60 FOR EACH ROW
62 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_2_test','FOR EACH ROW')
66 EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_proc('ti_2_test','AFTER')
69 INSERT INTO TEST VALUES(1,"one...");
70 SELECT * FROM test;
71 SELECT * FROM action_log;
The execution result is:
_EMAIL_:informix-> dbaccess stores_demo multiple_triggers.sql
Your evaluation license will expire on 2007-11-24 00:00:00
1 row(s) inserted.
1 row(s) retrieved.
trig_name trig_event trig_action trig_seq
ti_1_test BEFORE 1
ti_2_test BEFORE 2
ti_1_test INSERTING FOR EACH ROW 3
ti_2_test INSERTING FOR EACH ROW 4
ti_1_test AFTER 5
ti_2_test AFTER 6
6 row(s) retrieved.
So, let's make a line by line examination of the script. Hopefully, at the end, and after looking at the results, you'll get a clear picture of what's new in this area.
Lines 1 to 18 just create two tables: "test" table will be used as the triggers object and "action_log" will save the name of the trigger (in a minute...), the event that was being executed (BEFORE, FOR EACH ROW, AFTER), the action (INSERT,DELETE...) and the sequence by which they were called.
Lines 19 to 21 create what is called a triggered UDR. This UDR must be created in SPL, but can call other UDRs in another languages (C, JAVA...). This UDR must contain the REFERENCING and FOR clauses to be considered a triggered UDR. The referencing clause is similar to the same clause in triggers. The FOR clause defines which table's triggers can call this UDR in the FOR EACH ROW clause. I've included this to show that you can change the values that the user process used as VALUES in an INSERT statement for example. So, actually you can replace the values given by the client process.
The next lines (22-38) contain another procedure that will be called by the triggers and receives the trigger name and action. This procedure contains two new things:
- It uses the new operators "DELETING", "INSERTING", "UPDATING" and "SELECTING". These new operators can be used in the context of a FOR EACH ROW action and return true if the trigger event is respectively DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE and SELECT
- It also uses a new IDS 11.10 feature, the sysmaster:sysdual table. This is an Oracle ©right; compatibility feature. You could create a "dual" table in any Informix version, so this isn't really a big feature...
Lines 40-68 include the two trigger definitions. They are both INSERT triggers and they call the second procedure in each of it's actions. The first one also calls the first procedure (trig_change) to show that the insert value can be changed.
Line 69 just does an INSERT on the test table with the values "1" and "One". This will fire both triggers.
Lines 70 shows the content of table test, after the previous INSERT, and line 71 shows the contents of the action_log table.
So, what do we see in the results?:
- The value inserted in the test table was actually "0" and not "1"
- The sequence column of the action_log table shows that the BEFORE actions of both triggers were executed first, then the FOR EACH ROW and last the both AFTER clauses.
- First, all the BEFORE actions of all the triggers for the event
- Then all the FOR EACH ROW actions of all the triggers for the event
- In the end, all the AFTER actions of all the triggers for the event
Why would we want to use this feature? Well, for start, it can be handy in application conversions from other RDBMS where this is available and the existing application already uses it. Besides this, DBAs can use this to implement some triggered behavior in "blackbox applications". By this I mean applications where you don't have any influence on the developing phase. You can create your own triggers without interfering with existing ones. This can be used for auditing purposes or for some data extraction, based on changes made on the data fields.
So, in conclusion, the usefulness of this feature will depend largely on your environment requirements, but in some scenarios this can be a very valuable tool.
I think that if you look at the example above you'll see the most important aspects of this feature. So, take your time, and if any doubts remain don't hesitate to check the URL references to the manual and other sources. You can also leave a comment of course.


text:
Some of you may remember Dr. Mason at BYU, and some of you may have had him for a class or two (I had him for three classes...). There was one problem in particular that I remember solving in his quantum mechanics class. It went something like this:
Q: Figure out how slow a 75 kg pig needs to be going in order for it to diffract by a minimum of 1 meter through a door way 1 meter wide into a 10 meter wide room.
I will now solve this problem and demonstrate why pigs do not diffract through doorways.
First we have to find the de Broglie wavelength (Note: de Broglie is pronounced "duh Broy" not "Dee Brog-lee-ay" as I learned from a certain Belgian professor). Knowing the width of the slit (the door) and the distance the pig travels (10 m) before it is observed (hits the opposite wall), we can solve for the wavelength of the pig as it diffracts into the room. First we use simple trigonometry to find the angle of diffraction:


text: This Article explores a central theme that ties together rationales to exit aggregation of tort claims: disaggregating helps to protect litigants' substantive rights and furthers the public's faith in a legitimate judicial system. Disaggregating promotes adjudication's principal purpose, which is to produce outcomes that reflect parties' substantive entitlements as defined by applicable state laws, but does so in a way that is procedurally fair and psychologically satisfying. Part I introduces the centralization paradox—the practice of centralizing claims before a single judge that the judge typically cannot resolve on an aggregate basis except through private settlement. As Part II elaborates, that practice is at odds with procedural rights, rights that on paper purport to preserve plaintiffs' preference for trial in their original fora. Part III then chronicles the benefits of allowing plaintiffs to exit the centralized litigation in terms of procedural justice, substantive aims, and democratic ideals. Part IV explains how the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ("MDL Panel" or "the Panel") and the transferor courts might strategically disaggregate national claims for trial after they have been centralized to capture multidistrict litigation's pretrial efficiency. Finally, Part V considers objections to disaggregating in a procedural system in which accuracy, efficiency, finality, and consistency each compete with one another for top billing.